bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate as Chelating Agent against Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and as Cross-Linking Agent Towards Hybrid Layer in Dentin Collagen: A Review
Authors: Ismiyatin Kun , Goenharto Setyabudi , Irsya Windi , Tanjung Sari Paramita , Widjaja Olivia Vivian , Sari Ria Puspita
Published: August 2022

Adhesive dentistry’s main assumption is to create a strong chemical bond between dental hard tissues and restorative composite material. One of the most important aspects of this interface is the hybrid layer. Unfortunately, due to physical and chemical causes, the hybrid layer wears away with time. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a component extracted from green tea, has several roles in the medical and dentistry field including as a crosslinking agent and as a chelating agent. Although there are several negative results, EGCG was proven to be able to preserve resin-dentin bonds without harming the restoration. As a crosslinking agent and chelating agent, EGCG has the potential to enhance the physical properties of dentin collagen and resin-dentin adhesion. The purpose of this study was to see how EGCG, as a cross-linking agent, affected dentinal collagen and hybrid layers, as well as how chelating chemicals affected Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs).
Klasifikasi Ilmu Pengetahuan Barat dan Islam serta Konstribusinya dalam Dunia Akademik
Authors: Hantoro Ramandha Rudwi
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The dichotomy of science and Islamic science has been a long and influential discussion in the development of Islamic scholarship itself. This article describes the classification of Western and Islamic science in terms of the history of the development of the philosophy of science, where science has the same root or source and is not dichotomous. The method used in this article is the “literature review” method. The data used as research sources come from research results, scientific journals, manuscripts / turats, and relevant books related to the classification of science. The results of the study show that the classification of science began to develop since the existence of philosophers from Greece, such as: Plato, Socrates, and others as well as Islamic thinkers such as: al-Kindi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Kholdun and others who were concerned in science. Since the 3rd century Hijri / 9 AD, the discussion of science has begun to develop, even the classification of science into several scientific categories such as natural science, mathematics, and linguistics has become the subject of study by Islamic philosophers and thinkers for pedagogical didactic interests. At a later stage that the philosophy of science has an important role in the development of science, even the philosophy of science underlies the thought of the birth of the scientific method in academia, such as: qualitative and quantitative research methodologies.
Repetition Style In The Story Of The Prophet Musa A.S. in Balaghah Science Perspective
Authors: Hami Widodo , Mahmasoni Muhammad Subhi
Published: August 2022

Repetition style (uslub tikrar) in the Qur'an has become something that is commonly used when viewed from the point of view of Balaghah science. Tikrar is a style of language in which the meaning to be conveyed can be more perfect and enter the mind and feelings of the reader. Although in the Arabic language and literary tradition there is a phenomenon of bad tikrar types, of course there will never be any defects or disgrace in the language style of the Qur'an. On the other hand, the Qur'an is not poetry and of course for a Muslim is a miracle. The tikar in the story of the prophet Moses has an extraordinary miraculous dimension. The structure of words or sentences in the story of the prophet Musa, although there are many repetitions, turns out to have a beautiful aesthetic that touches the heart for readers who live it seriously and deeply. The dimension of meaning in the story of the story of the prophet Musa also has a very broad meaning, not just an ordinary repetition. The dimensions of the structure of the beautiful wording and the very broad and deep meaning in the story of the story of the prophet Moses are one of the characteristics of the miracles of the Qur'an that are difficult for anyone to match. This research is library research, using the method of documentation. Primary data were taken from books, commentaries and other scientific works on style of al-Qur'an and also the style of repetition in the Qur'an. The primary data was then analyzed descriptively using the style al-Qur'an approach.

Keywords: uslub, tikrar, the story of Prophet Musa
Moderasi Beragama untuk Generasi Milenial Pancasila
Authors: Wahyuddin Imam , Utomo Agus Hilmawan , Alfaris Fitri , Cahyono Fajar , Ashari Ashari
Published: August 2022

Religious harmony and tolerance in the village of “Pancasila” Balun, Turi, Lamongan, East Java, is a lesson for the practice of religious moderation which needs to be learned and used as an example. All of studies that already exist, the principle of harmony and tolerance in Balun village is the result of nonformal education construction, even though talking about character building could not be divided from the role of formal educational institutions. This research is trying to complement the formal religious education institution which in this case is Madrasah Ibtidaiah (MI) Tarbiyatus Sibyan in establishing and strengthening religious moderation in the village of “Pancasila” Balun. This is a qualitative research with a formal object of religious moderation and the object of MI Tarbiyatus Sibyan. Data collection was done by literature study, interviews, and FGD with teachers and students of MI Tarbiyatus Sibyan. This research shows: (1) MI Tarbiyatus Sibyan was considering religious moderation as part of the local wisdom of the village that must be preserved and maintained; (2). MI Tarbiyatus Sibyan instilling insight into religious moderation in the learning process through the internal class activities and external by visiting the Jawi Wetan Balun Christian Church; and (3). MI Tarbiyatus Sibyan students was playing an important role in supporting socio-religious activities in Balun village. In summary, this study explains the contribution of formal education in which local wisdom can strengthen students' religious moderation insight. Therefore, it is necessary to develop formal educational institutions which defend local wisdom as part of the emphasis on the educational process in madrasas or schools.
Especulação imobiliária: um efeito colateral do programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida na cidade de Viçosa-MG
Authors: Guerra Francismara Fernandes , Teixeira Karla Maria Damiano
Published: August 2022

A valorização imobiliária nos últimos anos acompanhou o aumento dos valores máximos estabelecidos nas diretrizes do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida. Com o objetivo de esclarecer as estratégias mercadológicas adotadas neste período, foi realizado um estudo de caso no município de Viçosa/MG, no qual foram entrevistados diversos agentes do setor imobiliário. Verificou-se que os incentivos financeiros do programa contribuíram para a especulação imobiliária, principalmente das habitações de interesse social, dificultando dessa forma a compra. Assim, há grande oferta de imóveis novos com valor de mercado incompatível com a demanda social.
Direito Humano e Fundamental à Alimentação Adequada no Brasil: garantias constitucionais e políticas públicas para uma vida digna
Authors: Fredes Andrei
Published: August 2022

Alimentação Adequada origina-se de um desdobramento da proteção da vida e da dignidade da pessoa humana, Segurança Alimentar é a realização do direito de todos ao acesso regular e permanente a alimentos de qualidade, em quantidades suficiente, sem comprometer o acesso a outras necessidades essenciais, com base em práticas alimentares saudáveis, respeitando as diversidades culturais, e realizando-se em bases sustentáveis do ponto de vista socioeconômico e agroecológico. A partir deste conceito o presente artigo apresenta os principais desenvolvimentos no plano legislativo e constitucional acerca do direito à alimentação adequada, e visa também alcançar as dimensões de sua eficácia, através de políticas públicas e programas sociais voltados para a efetivação deste direito.
A Organização Mundial do Comércio como Agente Internacional da Governança Ambiental
Authors: Natividade Bráulio Henrique Lacerda
Published: August 2022

A governança ambiental é uma proposta de envolvimento de todos os agentes atuantes nas tomadas de decisões acerca do meio ambiente, desde os indivíduos até os organismos internacionais, visando máxima adesão aos projetos que busquem a preservação do planeta. O Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente - PNUMA buscou se tornar o principal agente internacional, porém, a ausência de representatividade e coercitividade em suas atribuições vem demonstrando que suas ações não são eficazes para impedir o aumento da degradação dos recursos naturais. Por essa razão, diante do vácuo existente para o exercício dessa posição, defende-se a legitimação da Organização Mundial do Comércio - OMC para esse papel, haja vista que, ao longo dos anos, ela vem incorporando a questão ecológica em seu corpo jurídico e estrutural em razão do reconhecimento da interdependência ambiental e econômica em diversos conflitos internacionais, com base no conceito do desenvolvimento sustentável. O texto foi elaborado a partir de uma análise crítica da doutrina e da jurisprudência da OMC. A divisão do trabalho foi realizada em cinco partes. Uma introdução ao tema. No primeiro tópico é apresentado o conceito de governança ambiental internacional e sua limitação. O segundo aborda a consolidação do termo desenvolvimento sustentável e como a sua definição aproximou esse tema com as decisões da OMC. O terceiro propõe a expansão dos poderes da OMC para se tornar um organismo internacional de governança ambiental. O último apresenta as considerações finais do trabalho.
Study of Integration of Neural Networks with Other Existing or Developing Technologies: A Review
Authors: Rahul A. Vishwakarma  , Minesh Ade
Published: August 2022

The popularity of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as significant intelligence methods has been growing. Their applications in numerous fields have been greatly influenced by their capacity to emulate the cognitive processes and decision-making of the human brain. The fundamentals of an ANN's nature and operation are described in this study. This paper's main goal is to provide a quick overview of how neural networks might be combined with other forms of artificial intelligence, such as fuzzy logic, expert systems, and genetic algorithms. It describes the working models of these hybrid systems as well as the areas in which they can be used. Finally, it discusses current developments in the study of neural networks.
FDP schwenkt bei Tierwohlabgabe um
Authors: Bender Hanno
Published: August 2022

Nach langem Zögern zeigen sich die Liberalen offen dafür, den Umbau der Nutztierhaltung über eine Konsumabgabe zu finanzieren. Details soll Bundeslandwirtschaftsminister Cem Özdemir (Die Grünen) festlegen. Dessen Entwurf zur Haltungskennzeichnung stößt zunächst einmal auf herbe Kritik.
Trendwende beim Shopper-Verhalten
Authors: Biester Silke
Published: August 2022

Der Lebensmittelhandel und Online-Shops hatten in den Covid-Jahren 2020/21 mächtig Schub beim Nonfood-Verkauf bekommen. 2022 folgt nicht nur die Rückkehr zu anderen Vertriebsstätten, sondern ein deutliches Minus durch Kaufzurückhaltung.
Handelsmarke als Königsdisziplin
Authors: Kortum Carsten
Published: August 2022

Handelsmarken sind Eigentum des Händlers. Sie werden exklusiv in den eigenen Verkaufskanälen angeboten. Einblick in die Handelsmarkenführung gewähren nur wenige Händler. Selbst innerhalb der Unternehmen sind sie wie eine Black-Box im Einkauf. Daher lohnt sich ein Blick auf die Erfolgsfaktoren im Nonfood-Bereich.
Historia, praxis y liberación en el pensamiento de Ignacio Ellacuría
Authors: Samour Héctor
Published: August 2022

El autor expone y desarrolla los tres conceptos más elaborados y trabajados por Ignacio Ellacuría a lo largo de todo su prolijo quehacer filosófico. Con ello se pretende, aparte de presentar un resumen del pensamiento filosófico de Ellacuría, esclarecer aún más su proyecto por elaborar una filosofía de la liberación que tenga como cometido ser el momento teórico específico de una praxis de liberación que, contraria a otras filosofías, haga de la realidad histórica de los empobrecidos y de la praxis histórica de éstos el disparadero y eje de toda su reflexión. El artículo es, además, parte de una serie de ponencias que fueron presentadas en el Primer Congreso Internacional Xavier Zubiri realizado recientemente en Madrid.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 48, No. 541-542, 1993: 1109-1127.
salvadoreños y la evaluación de 1993. Una consulta de opinión pública
Authors: IUDOP
Published: August 2022

Entre el 4 y el 12 de diciembre de 1993, se realizó una encuesta de opinión pública con el objeto de evaluar el curso político de 1993, para ello se usó una muestra respresentativa de la población urbana y rural de los catorce departamentos (N = 1,849). Los resultados muestran que los salvadoreños valoran el logro de la paz, lo cual atribuyen al gobierno, aunque critican la falta de control de la delincuencia y de la inflación, tanto como señalan la existencia de los escuadrones de la muerte. En la carrera electoral, han aumentado los indecisos y los que esconden su intención de voto, haciendo disminuir la proporción entre la mayoría de los partidos.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 48, No. 541-542, 1993: 1143-1154.
comunidad Segundo Montes
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: August 2022

En continuidad con el artículo anterior, el autor expone brevemente la vida de la Comunidad Segundo Montes. Pone énfasis en las estructuras organizativas de la comunidad y en sus problemas más importantes. Al mismo tiempo, recoge las propuestas de solución que la misma comunidad ha formulado. Este artículo es un testimonio de la realidad nueva que está surgiendo en El Salvador.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 49, No. 543-544, 1994: 67-79.
PENTINGNYA MEMAHAMI BAHAYA BAHAN KIMIA SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA DI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Nadillah Sabrina , Nuraeni Sifa , Oktorida Rida
Published: August 2022

Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja merupakan salah satu hal penting dalam melakukan suatu kegiatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk lebih memahami bahan kimia serta hubungannya dengan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja di laboratorium. Dengan mengetahui simbol bahaya dari bahan-bahan kimia serta cara meminimalisir risiko bahaya yang dapat terjadi dari bahan kimia tersebut. Bahan kimia memiliki simbol bahaya yang dapat dibedakan berdasarkan sifatnya, yaitu corosive (korosif), flammable (mudah menyala), explosive (mudah meledak), harmfull, irritant, toxic (beracun), oxidizing (oksidator), dan dangerous for the environment (berbahaya bagi lingkungan). Masing-masing bahan kimia memiliki risiko yang berbeda-beda, maka setiap risiko yang ditimbulkan itu dapat diminimaliris dengan memperhatikan prosedur keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di laboratorium, yaitu dengan memperhatikan setiap peraturan di laboratorium, seperti menggunakan alat pelindung diri seperti jas lab, sarung tangan, alas kaki, dan masker tentunya dapat mengurangi segala risiko kecelakaan yang dapat terjadi di dalam laboratorium.
EFFECT OF LIME JUICE (CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA) ON BLOOD URIC ACID LEVELS IN ELDERLY
Authors: Purwaningrum Ika , Sulasmi Sulasmi
Published: August 2022

Health problems commonly experienced by the elderly are quite complex along with the changes they experience biologically or psychosocially. Some of the health problems that commonly occur include arthritis or joint inflammation, which is a disease that attacks the joints. This inflammation can occur due to many factors, one of which is uric acid levels. The elderly are one of the groups that are susceptible to diseases including arthritis (Gout). Gout is a disease that arises due to excessive blood uric acid levels. When uric acid levels are high in the blood, it is called hyperuricemia. The cause of excessive blood uric acid levels is the production of uric acid in the body more than its disposal. Uric acid in the blood can be excreted through urine. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in uric acid levels before and after treatment of lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia).This research method is an experimental research research design Pre and Post Test Group Design without control. The study was conducted at the 'Aisyiyah Elderly Homes, Surakarta in July 2021.The results showed that the distribution was mostly in elderly women, namely 20 people. There is a significant difference in uric acid levels before and after treatment of lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) which is indicated by the p value = 0.000, where the p value <0.05.The conclusion of this study is the effect of giving lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) to changes in blood uric acid levels.
PENGUKURAN BEBAN KERJA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE RATING SCALE MENTAL EFFORT
Authors: Sari Santika , Nuralma Aliza , Feocliamsyah Axel Rajiv , Hafiizh Handy , Sunardi Putri Elmiranda
Published: August 2022

In Indonesia, education can’t be separated from the role of teachers. Teachers have many responsibilities even with less welfare. Based on these problems, this study aims to measure the mental workload, analyze the factors that most influence it, and analyze improvement plans for teachers at SMP XYZ. The researcher uses a subjective workload measurement method in the form of a Rating Scale Mental Effort which only one measurement dimension is in the form of mental effort so that it is practical to use. The results showed that the value of the mental workload of teachers at SMP XYZ with the RSME method was 88.33 or the effort made tended to approach a fairly large scale. The most influencing factors are the difficulty of adapting learning to online, students do not have supporting devices, a lot of online learning preparation, and students who are late in collecting both assignments and remedial. Therefore, the improvement design that can overcome this is to provide online training and work guidance, facilitate mobile phone and internet quota assistance to students in need, provide students with project-based assignments that aren’t incriminating and fun, and proactively contact students and play the role of parents to assist online learning.
INSPEKSI SANITASI LINGKUNGAN PERUMAHAN DI PERUMAHAN TAMAN SURYA AGUNG, WAGE, TAMAN, SIDOARJO
Authors: Margareta Jesika , D Dhanti Prima , E.D.W Theresia Adriana , Puspitarini Rizky
Published: August 2022

A house is a basic human need both as a place to live and as an investment asset.  A healthy house is one of the means to achieve optimal health. The realization of public health in a housing is determined by the location, quality of environmental health infrastructure. The purpose of this research is to inspect and assess the quality of environmental sanitation in the Taman Surya Agung Sidoarjo housing estate, with reference Kepmenkes RI No. 829/1999 on Housing Health Requirements, SNI 03-1733-2004 on environmental management procedures, and Permenkes No. 3/2014 on Community-Based Total Sanitation. The research method is descriptive analytic by conducting direct observations and interviews in the field at three houses located in Taman Surya Agung Housing. The instrument used is an environmental health inspection form.  The results showed that there were several variables that did not meet the requirements for the housing variable, house components, occupant behavior and house sanitation, but of all the houses inspected, they were categorized as healthy houses with an average value of 88.5%.  The conclusion of this study is the residential and residential environment in Taman Surya Agung Sidoarjo Housing is categorized as a healthy environment.
TANTANGAN INFRASTRUKTUR SANITASI TERHADAP PENYEBARAN VIRUS SARS-COV-2 MELALUI FESES MANUSIA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19: SEBUAH REVIEW
Authors: Sholikhah Imroatus , Vindriani Eka , Asy-Syifa Rizqi Alifia Nur , Sari Mega Mutiara , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: August 2022

SARS-CoV-2 terus menginfeksi manusia dan menyebabkan kematian dengan jumlah yang tidak sedikit. SARS-CoV-2 dapat terdeteksi di saluran pernapasan, sampel darah, urine, feses, dan lainnya. Tujuan dari karya tulis ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi penularan virus SARS-CoV-2 dari hasil analisis data literatur yang membahas potensi transmisi virus SARS-CoV-2 melalui feses manusia yang terkontaminasi serta mengetahui kondisi sanitasi di Indonesia selama pandemi Covid-19 terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data-data yang didapat dari jurnal, berita media massa, dan lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti di Cina dan data literatur, SARS-CoV-2 berpotensi dapat menular melalui feses manusia yang terjadi pada sejumlah pasien. Tidak hanya feses, tetapi pada urine juga terdapat sampel positif RNA SARS-CoV-2. Penularan tersebut bisa melalui jalur transmisi fecal-oral, tetapi perlu diperhatikan bahwa bisa berasal dari aerosol toilet. Kegiatan BABS di Indonesia masih dalam nilai 10,40% perlu digencarkan kembali agar target 0% BABS dapat tercapai. Tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa penularan virus SARS-CoV-2 di Indonesia ke depannya dapat melalui feses dan air limbah. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut yang dilakukan secara eksperimen di Indonesia sendiri karena sampai saat ini masih belum ditemukan kasus terkait penularan virus SARS-CoV-2 melaui feses.
ADOPTION OF TELEMEDIC SERVICES IN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH SERVICES
Authors: Natalia Mega Silvia , Faraswati Riska
Published: August 2022

Maximum utilization of communication information technology in health services for maternal and children or recognized as telemedicine, is a friction in the model of providing midwifery care due to demands of the Covid-19 pandemic situation. There was obstacles in its use. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the factors of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influences, and facilitating conditions influenced behavioral intention to adopt telemedical system in the field of maternal and child health services by midwives through the Unifed Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). This a qualitative study used a survey method on 117 midwives in Probolinggo districts with simple random sampling as a sampling technique. Midwives were asked to fill out a questionnaire based on the four main constructs in UTAUT. Data were analyzed using multiples regression. The results of statistical test showed that only the effort expectancy variable had a positive relationship on the behavioral intention to adoption telemedicine system by midwife towards the provision of telemedicine health services (p value 0.001 < 0.05).
ASPEK PERPAJAKAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DESA (PEMAHAMAN PERANGKAT DESA)
Authors: Siregar Nancy Mayriski , Damanik Destari Nurlaila
Published: August 2022

Undang-Undang Ketentuan Umum dan Tatacara Perpajakan mengatur bahwa wajib pajak adalah orang pribadi atau badan, meliputi pembayar pajak, pemotong pajak, dan pemungut pajak yang mempunyai hak dan kewajiban perpajakan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan perpajakan. Dana yang masuk ke desa yang bersumber dari APBN maupun APBD, tentu saja dalam praktek pelaksanaannya akan terutang pajak sesuai dengan jenis transaksinya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pemahaman dalam aspek perpajakan pada perangkat desa dalam pengelolaan Keuangan desa dengan memahami kewajiban pemotongan atau pemungutan PPh 21, PPh 23, PPh 4 ayat 2, PPN. Dengan berbekal pemahaman yang baik mengenai jenis transaksi dan pajak yang terutang, diharapkan praktek perpajakan di desa sesuai dengan undang-undang dan peraturan yang berlaku.
Is the COVID-19 Pandemic the Reason for Changes in Consumer Behaviour?
Authors: Mihaita ICHIM Alexandru
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 pandemic was the main reason last year that determined changes in our behavior. COVID-19 changed people's behavior, and its effects will be long-lasting. We had become more nervous and unsocial. But, on the other hand, we were more careful with what we eat during the lockdown period, and we used defensive behavior to protect against viruses, also during the lockdown period.
Evaluation of the Success of an Academic Portal: An Exploratory Study of the Staff’s Perspective
Authors: SILVA Bárbara , SILVA RODRIGUES Luís , MENDONÇA SILVA Pedro
Published: August 2022

This paper discusses the findings of an exploratory study that intended to evaluate the success of an Academic Portal, Secretaria Online, from the perspective of staff members. This study used a questionnaire based on the information systems success model of DeLone and McLean.
Cluster Analysis of the EU Labour Markets in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis
Authors: STĂNCIULESCU Georgiana , CRISTESCU Amalia , POPESCU Mădălina Ecaterina
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the governmental measures taken to limit its spread have led to significant contractions in GDP at the EU level and appropriate labour market adjustments. Obviously, the COVID-19 crisis has had effects on the labour market, by increasing the unemployment rate, especially among young people, income inequalities and, implicitly, the poverty rate.
Effects of Technological Change on Customers’ Satisfaction: A Study of Zenith Bank Headquarters, Lagos State
Authors: Usendiah Edu J. , E. K. Worlu Rowland , Okolo Somto J. , Ukpeibo Ejiro G.
Published: August 2022

The bedrock of any economy is a strong and efficient banking system. The smooth running of a country’s economy is dependent on how well and fast is the banking industry able to adapt its operations to changes and how well they are able to tackle new challenges posed by technology.
Methods of Estimating the Alternative Reference Values of Macroeconomic Fiscal Instruments in the Extraordinary Situations
Authors: PRZYBYLSKA-MAZUR Agnieszka
Published: August 2022

The reference values of the deficit/GDP ratio and of the debt/GDP ratio are constant and they are equal 3% for the deficit/GDP ratio and 60% for the debt/GDP ratio in European Union countries. The occurrence of extraordinary situations, such as the financial crisis, economic crisis, military conflict or pandemic, often makes it impossible to meet the fiscal criteria when there are constant reference values for deficit/GDP ratio and for debt/GDP ratio.
The Development of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in Poland – Selected Examples
Authors: MYSZCZYSZYN Janusz
Published: August 2022

PPP is an opportunity for faster development for many countries, including Poland, which must not be wasted. PPP is one way to deliver and finance high-quality public infrastructure. A private partner, investing in the development of public services, can provide resources that that enable the implementation of new management and organizational solutions in offering high-quality services, sharing risk with the public partner.
Virtual Care Use in Primary Care or Specialty Care Settings
Authors: Nayakarathna Ransi , Neilson Heather , MacDougall Danielle , Cowling Tara
Published: August 2022

Five evidence-based guidelines met the eligibility criteria for this report. Of the 5 guidelines, 2 provided recommendations on rheumatology practice, 1 on stroke, 1 on oncology, and 1 on digital innovations for all areas of health; none of them focused on primary care specifically. Three were developed in the context of COVID-19.

While all 5 guidelines were informed by a systematic literature search, some specific recommendations were based on expert consensus, given the absence of literature on the respective topics. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendations, where available, were generally assessed to be low across the guidelines.

The evidence-based guidelines provided recommendations across various aspects of virtual care delivery including population considerations, patient conditions, and the types of care that can be offered virtually. They also provided recommendations on when to offer or discontinue virtual care, on patient privacy, and on staff training. One guideline provided a recommendation on fees and reimbursement.

Multiple evidence-based guidelines stated that virtual care should complement rather than replace in-person care, and that virtual care should only be implemented when adequate resources and personnel are available and patient privacy can be secured.
Retrieving instantaneous extinction of aerosol undetected by the CALIPSO layer detection algorithm
Authors: Mao Feiyue , Shi Ruixing , Rosenfeld Daniel , Pan Zengxin , Zang Lin , Zhu Yannian , Lu Xin
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Aerosols significantly affect the Earth–atmosphere energy
balance and climate change by acting as cloud condensation nuclei.
Specifically, the susceptibility of cloud and precipitation to aerosols is
stronger when aerosols are faint but tends to be saturated in polluted
conditions. However, previous methodologies generally miss these faint
aerosols based on instantaneous observations because they are too
optically thin to be detected and are therefore usually unretrieved. This result
in a large underestimation when quantifying aerosol climate impacts. Here,
we focus on retrieving and verifying the instantaneous extinction of
undetected faint aerosol by the CALIPSO layer detection algorithm on a global scale.
Using the observations during the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station (SAGE III/ISS) as constraints, the lidar ratios of
undetected faint aerosol are estimated with a global median of 42.2 and
24.5 sr at the stratosphere and the troposphere, respectively. The retrieved
extinction of undetected aerosol during night-time shows good agreement with
the independent 12-month SAGE III/ISS product on a 1∘ average. The
corresponding correlation coefficient and averaged normalized root-mean-square error are 0.66 % and 100.6 %, respectively. The minimum retrieved
extinction coefficients can be extended to 10−3 and 10−4 km−1 with an uncertainty of 35 % and 125 % during night-time,
respectively. The CALIPSO retrieval during daytime has a positive bias and
relatively low agreement with SAGE III/ISS due to the low signal-to-noise
ratio caused by sunlight. This study has great potential for improving the
understanding of aerosol variations and the quantification of aerosol
impacts on global climate change.
Design and fabrication of an electrostatic precipitator for infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Dudani Nikunj , Takahama Satoshi
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a direct measurement technique for chemical characterization of aerosols that can be applied without solvent extraction thermal treatment a priori. This technique has been used for chemical speciation, source apportionment, and detailed characterization of
the complex organic fraction of atmospheric particles. Currently, most IR analyses are performed by transmission through porous membranes on
which the particles are collected via filtration. The membrane materials interfere with the IR spectra through scattering and absorption that not
only make extracting the chemical information on aerosol harder but also limit the lower extent of detection. An alternative IR measurement method
that does not inherit such limitations is to collect the particles on an IR transparent material. We present an electrostatic precipitator (ESP)
design that enables such measurements by collection on a zinc selenide (ZnSe) crystal. Through numerical simulations and rapid prototyping with
3D printing, we design and fabricate a device which is tested with polydispersed ammonium sulfate particles to evaluate the quantitative chemical
composition estimates against particle count reference. Furthermore, with an image analysis procedure and using variable aperture of the IR
spectrometer, we analyze the radial mass distribution. The collector has high collection efficiency (82 ± 8 %) and linear response to mass
loading (R2 > 0.94) with a semi-uniform deposition. The method of design and fabrication is transferable to other applications, and the
current ESP collector can provide directions for further design improvements.
Parking by the bay: The supply and implications of parking infrastructure in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Li Rui , Helmrich Alysha , Chester Mikhail
Published: August 2022

The San Francisco Bay Area is one of the most progressive transportation regions in the deployment of high-capacity transit and the use of policies to encourage active transportation. Yet, there remains a dearth of knowledge on the abundance and location of parking infrastructure. The extent and location of parking supply, including on-street and off-street spaces, are estimated for the nine-county Bay Area by creating a federated database that joins land use, transportation, parcel, building, and parking code layers to estimate the number and characteristics of parking spaces at the census block scale. This bottom-up parking space inventory results in an estimated 15 million parking spaces in the region: 8.6 million on-street and 6.4 million off-street. Residential parking dominates the share of supply at 70%, followed by commercial at 9.4%. Space density is greatest in downtown San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose—largely attributed to high-rise structures. On-street parking is dominant in the North Bay, commanding 78% of total parking in Napa, 75% in Solano, 68% in Sonoma, and 67% in Marin County. Parking area constitutes 7.9% of the total incorporated area. Notably, when compared to other southwest cities (Phoenix Metropolitan Area and Los Angeles County), the Bay Area parking supply appears better utilized considering spaces per person, per car, and per job. The density and quantity of parking spaces in the Bay Area are critical insights toward developing targeted policies that encourage active mobility and support affordable housing.
Factores asociados al síndrome de dificultad respiratoria neonatal severa
Authors: Loor Zambrano Stefanía , Urrutia Garcés Marilyn , Huacón Mazon Johanna , Ramírez Carrillo Fátima , Lara Morales Cindy
Published: August 2022

Introducción: El síndrome de dificultad respiratoria neonatal es una patología asociada a neonatos de sexo masculino prematuros. Á nivel regional no se dispone de datos asociados al síndrome de dificultad respiratoria neonatal (SDR) severo, por lo que se desarrolló in estudio observacional para medir los factores de riesgo.
Metodología: El presente estudio transversal – retrospectivo, fue realizado en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo”, de Guayaquil, Ecuador, de enero 2017 a diciembre 2020. Ingresaron al estudio, neonatos, con SDR con una muestra probabilística. Las variables fueron maternas, neonatales, escala de Silverman, valoración de Downes. En base a la escala de Silverman se analizan 2 grupos: SDR leve y moderado, versus SDR Severo, se presenta Odds Ratio, e intervalo de confianza del 95% con valor P.
Resultados: Se analizan 302 casos, con edad gestacional de 33 ± 4.2 semanas. Puntaje de Silverman 5.07 ±2.06. Los factores de riesgos identificados fueron la cesárea OR 3.92 (IC 95% 2.13-7.21) P<0.0001, pre-eclampsia OR 1.73 (1.05-2.87) P=0.033. Edad gestacional <28 Semanas 7.626 (2.657-21.89) P=0.0002. Edad Gestacional >36 semanas OR 0.4 (0.273-0.782) P=0.004.Sexo hombre OR 2.19 (1.32-3.63) P=0.002.
Conclusión: Se constituyeron los factores de riesgo la cesárea, la pre-eclampsia, la edad gestacional menor a 28 semanas y el sexo hombre. Un factor de protección fue la edad gestacional mayor a 36 semanas.
Investigation of Frequency of Heterotopic Teeth: A Cone Beam CT Study
Authors: YÜCE Fatma , TASSOKER Melek
Published: August 2022

Aim: Teeth that occur in distant places from the alveolar arch (maxillary sinus, orbit, infratemporal fossa, condylar region, etc.) because of various local or systemic factors are named heterotopic teeth. The heterotopic tooth is a rare phenomenon. Although the etiology is still unknown, it is known that it may be seen due to pathologies caused by cystic lesions, cleft lip-palate, trauma history, and infectious conditions. They are usually asymptomatic, so they are detected by chance in routine clinical and radiological examinations. This study aims to determine the frequency of heterotopic permanent teeth and their anatomical localization with the help of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: This study was retrospectively performed with CBCT slices. CBCT sections of 2590 individuals (1432 females, 1158 males) between the ages of 10-89 (mean: 44 ± 17 years) were evaluated in the study. Heterotopic teeth were investigated using coronal, axial, sagittal CBCT sections in regions distant from the maxillary-mandibular arch. SPSS V.21 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis.

Results: Heterotopic teeth were found in 10 of 2590 individuals (0.4%). All of the heterotopic teeth detected are molar teeth; 4 are mandibular third molar teeth, 5 are maxillary third molar teeth and 1 is maxillary second molar tooth. The frequency of heterotopic teeth according to gender did not show a statistically significant difference (4 females, 6 males) p> 0.05. The average age of individuals with heterotopic teeth is 35.3 (17-65 years). 4 of the heterotopic impacted teeth are located in the ramus and 6 in the maxillary sinus.

Conclusions: The prevalence of heterotopic teeth is very rare (0.4%). The teeth with the highest frequency of heterotopia are the third molars. Heterotopic teeth do not have an anatomical location and gender that they prefer predominantly.
Aile İşletmelerinde Liderlik Tarzlarının Çalışanların İş Performanları Üzerindeki Etkileri ve Bir Uygulama
Authors: Sönmez Deniz
Published: August 2022

Leadership practices or styles remain a key focus for organizational researchers for many years. Researchers argue that realizing the potential of a leader by following a certain style will have effective results in the performances of the businesses. The aim of our research is to reveal the effects of leadership styles on the work performance of employees in the sustainability of family businesses. For this purpose, 15 family companies in Istanbul and their businesses registered with the Istanbul Chamber of Commerce and Industry were selected and survey data were collected from a total of 187 employees. According to the research findings, it has been found that the democratic leadership style has a positive effect on employee productivity. However, the effect of autocratic and fully participatory leadership styles on employee performance was found to be statistically insignificant. It is thought that the findings can contribute to the expansion of knowledge about leadership style and employee performance in family businesses. Keywords: Family Business, Leadership Styles, Motivation, Employee Job performance JEL Codes: M1,M12,M54
The Influence of Customer Experience and Electronic Word of Mouth on the Participants’ Loyalty Through Customer Value as an Intervening Variable in BPJamsostek, Medan City Branch
Authors: Nasution A Dhenny Noviandry , Lubis Arlina Nurbaity , Silalahi Amlys Syahputra
Published: August 2022

Indonesia's social security system implementation has entered a new stage. Since the implementation of Law No. 40 of 2004 about the National Social Security System and Law No. 24 of 2011 regarding the Social Security Administering Body or “BPJS,” the social security system has also been implemented on a national scale. Social security implementation may rely heavily on customer experience and word of mouth. Participants in BPJamsostek will get personal experience using BPJamsostek services. Satisfaction influences whether or not participants will stay loyal to participants at their productive age and even recommend them to others. Experience determines whether or not participants will remain loyal to them and even recommend them to others. This research intends to examine the impact of customer experience and electronic word-of-mouth on participants' loyalty at the BPJamsostek branch in Medan City, Indonesia, using customer value as an intervening variable. Accidental sampling is used for sampling. The population of this research consisted of claimants for JHT under the age of retirement, with a total of 100 respondents. Using the SmartPLS 3.0 application, PLS-SEM was used for data analysis. The findings indicate that customer experience has a significant and positive impact on customer loyalty. Customer loyalty is positively and significantly affected by electronic word of mouth. Customer value has a significantly positive influence on customer loyalty. Customer experience has a significantly positive impact on customer value. Customer value is positively and significantly affected by electronic word of mouth. Customer value may mediate the link between customer experience and customer loyalty, as well as electronic word of mouth's effect on customer loyalty.

Keywords: Customer Experience, Electronic Word of Mouth, Loyalty, Customer Value
Syndesmotic Disruption with Distal Fibular Fracture Among the Football Players of Manipur: A Case Series
Authors: Devi Laimujam Sobhasini , Singh Akoijam Joy , Singh Yumnam Nandabir
Published: August 2022

Football is one of the most popular sports in Manipur. Ankle joint is frequently injured in contact sports like football. Syndesmotic ankle sprains are less common than typical ankle sprain; but are associated more often with significant morbidity and need for surgical treatment. It leads to prolonged loss of sports activities. Fracture of fibula is commonly associated with syndesmotic disruption. Here we present three cases of syndesmotic disruption with distal fibular fracture in football players presented to Sports Medicine OPD RIMS. They have presented with pain and swelling around the ankle joint following twisting injuries. Diagnosis was made from X-ray findings correlated with clinical examinations. All are treated surgically by open reduction and internal fixation with syndesmotic screw fixation, but one case without syndesmotic screw fixation. The patients followed an early functional rehabilitation program followed by sports specific exercises. They have returned to their previous sports activity within 6 months.

Keywords: Football, Syndesmotic ankle sprains, Distal fibula Fracture
To Evaluate the Width and Height of Anterior Alveolar Dimension Relative to the Root Apex of Incisors
Authors: Koul Dr. Vidushi , Saini Dr. Rohit , Mahajan Dr. Vivek
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The amount of alveolar bone on the palatal and labial surface of a tooth plays an important role in orthodontic tooth movement. Ideal post treatment results are obtained when the tooth movement is carried out within the confines of the alveolar bone.
Material and methods: Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 80 subjects were randomly selected and divided into four groups of 20 each: Group 1: UI to NA= 22°; LI to NB= 25°; Group 2: UI to NA = < 22°; LI to NB = < 25°; Group 3: UI to NA= 23°to 30° ; LI to NB= 26° to 30° ;Group 4: UI to NA= 31°to 35° ; LI to NB= 31° to 35° and measurements were statistically analysed.
Results: Significant differences were found among all the parameters, however these differences varied from one group to another.
Conclusion: The amount of alveolar bone present on the palatal surface of retroclined incisors is more as compared to the labial surface while as in labially inclined incisors, alveolar bone present on the labial surface is more than the palatal surface. Also, the amount of alveolar bone height is more in labially inclined incisors as compared to retroclined incisors.

Keywords: Alveolar dimensions, root apex, long axis, retroclined, proclined.
The Role of Testosterone Hormone on Crystal Formation Through the Renal Expression of Osteopontin in Male Wistar Rat
Authors: Rahman Ilham Akbar , Arsyad Aryadi , Sinrang Andi Wardihan
Published: August 2022

This study aims to investigate the role of testosterone hormone on crystal formation through osteopontin expression. This was an experimental study with post-test only control design. A total of 12 rats aged 10 weeks were divided into two groups which are male rats group fed with water containing EG (Ethylene Glycol) 0.75% and male rats group fed with water containing EG (Ethylene Glycol) 0.75% and were injected with testosterone hormone. Furthermore, the rats were observed and fed with standard diet for 30 days. Then, both groups were terminated. The kidneys were extracted and examined for Osteopontin expression. Histopathology examination was also performed in both groups The result of the study showed that the mean kidney osteopontin expression in male rats fed with water containing EG 0.75% and received testosterone hormone injection were significantly higher (29.16 ± 9.072) compared to male rat groups fed with water containing EG 0.75% alone (11.42 ± 3.692) with p value 0.001. Histopathology examination with HE stain revealed that both groups demonstrated the presence of stone in kidney tubules, kidney swelling and pelvic ectasis. This feature suggested the presentation of hydronephrosis as a result of stone obstruction. As a conclusion, this study shed light on the role of hormonal sex of testosterone involving in crystal formation through osteopontin expression.

Keywords: urolithiasis, testosterone, sex hormone, osteopontin
The Effect of Education Costs, Promotions, And Facilities on Students' Decisions to Choose to Learn at the Faculty of Medicine, Prima Indonesia University Through Attitude as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Malau Lamsahat Pangihutan , Edward Yusuf Ronny , Faris Salman
Published: August 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of education costs, promotions, and facilities on student decisions to choose to study at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Prima Indonesia through attitude as a moderating variable. The subjects of this study were students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Prima Indonesia, totaling 189 students. The sample in this study was selected using the proportionate stratified random sampling method. The variables studied in this study include education costs, promotions, and facilities, student decisions, and attitudes. In analyzing the data, the researcher conducted instrument testing, multiple linear regression, hypothesis testing and moderation testing (MRA) using the IBM SPSS version 26 application. The statistical test results showed the cost of education (0.032), promotion (0.000), and facilities (0.000) simultaneously affect the decision to choose. Partially, the three variables also have a significant effect on the decision to choose when viewed from the significance value of 0.000 (p <0.005). Based on the results of the coefficient of determination test, the R square value is 0.370 and it can be concluded that the cost of education, promotion, and facilities is able to explain the decision to choose by 37.0%. While 63.0% is explained by other independent variables that are not included in this study. From the results of the moderation test, it can be seen that only the attitude variable (0.031) is able to moderate the influence of facilities on the decision to choose.

Keywords: Tuition fees, Promotions, Facilities, Choice decisions, Attitude