bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Routine Follow-Up after Patients Have Completed Adjuvant Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer at a Cancer Center Improve Prognosis?
Authors: Nakamura Rikiya , Hayama Shouko , Etou Ryoutarou , Miyaki Toshiko , Oshida Keiko , Oshida Masaki , Itou Yashushi , Kou Tetsumori , Yamamoto Naohito
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to assess whether follow-up of patients with operative breast cancer at cancer centres (CCs) improved prognosis compared with follow-up by family physicians (FPs). Methods: The study included 254 patients who relapsed within 7 years from the first postoperative period. The patients were divided into two groups according to the follow-up facility: the CC and FP groups (the follow-up of patients was structured in the same way between FPs and CCs). There are 146 and 108 cases of recurrence in the CC and FP groups, respectively. The analysis targets of the two groups were determined using the propensity matching method based on the following 7 factors: oestrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, St. Gallen category, menopausal status, surgical procedure, and receipt of postoperative chemotherapy at the time of surgery. Overall survival (OS) in both groups was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results: Overall, 97 patients each in the CC and FP groups who relapsed were analysed using the propensity matching method. The median recurrence-free survival periods were 1,676 and 994 days in the FP and CC groups, respectively, and were significantly longer in the FP group. However, the median OS starting from the day of surgery was 3,424 and 2,794 days in the FP and CC groups, respectively, with no significant difference. Conclusion: This study revealed that regular follow-up at CCs did not improve survival compared with regular follow-up by FPs.
Pregnane-Oximino-Alkyl-Amino-Ether Compound as a Novel Class of TGR5 Receptor Agonist Exhibiting Antidiabetic and Anti-Dyslipidemic Activities
Authors: Gupta Jyoti , Singh Dharmendra P. , Verma Prem C. , Rahuja Neha , Srivastava Rohit , Ahmad Ishbal , Jaiswal Natasha , Kumar Harish , Gupta Anand P. , Gupta Varsha , Misra Anamika , Kushwaha Hari N. , Singh Bhawani , Singh Sheo K. , Dwivedi Anil K. , Gayen Jiaur R. , Sanyal Sabyasachi , Srivastava Arvind K. , Pratap Ram , Tamrakar Akhilesh K.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The present study deals with the synthesis of pregnane-oximino-amino-alkyl-ethers and their evaluation for antidiabetic and anti-dyslipidemic activities in validated animal and cell culture models. Methods: The effect on glucose tolerance was measured in sucrose-loaded rats; antidiabetic activity was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and genetically diabetic db/db mice; the anti-dyslipidemic effect was characterized in high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed dyslipidemic hamsters. The effect on glucose production and glucose utilization was analyzed in HepG2 liver and L6 skeletal muscle cells, respectively. Results: From the synthesized molecules, pregnane-oximino-amino-alkyl-ether (compound 14b) improved glucose clearance in sucrose-loaded rats and exerted antihyperglycemic activity on STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further evaluation in genetically diabetic db/db mice showed temporal decrease in blood glucose, and improvement in glucose tolerance and lipid parameters, associated with mild improvement in the serum insulin level. Moreover, compound 14b treatment displayed an anti-dyslipidemic effect characterized by significant improvement in altered lipid parameters of the high-fructose, HFD-fed dyslipidemic hamster model. In vitro analysis in the cellular system suggested that compound 14b decreased glucose production in liver cells and stimulated glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells. These beneficial effects of compound 14b were associated with the activation of the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5. Conclusion: Compound 14b exhibits antidiabetic and anti-dyslipidemic activities through activating the TGR5 receptor system and can be developed as a lead for the management of type II diabetes and related metabolic complications.
Tattoo-Associated Cutaneous Mycobacterium mageritense Infection: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Lobo Yolanka , Lun Karyn
Published: November 2021

There have been increasing reports of tattoo-associated mycobacterial infections in recent years, with a number of outbreaks documented worldwide. This has therefore become a public health concern. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are capable of producing skin and soft tissue infections typically via inoculation during surgery, trauma, and cosmetic procedures. We present a case of tattoo-associated cutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium mageritense, a rare species of rapidly growing NTM. A 25-year-old man developed a rash on his left lower leg 4 weeks after he underwent professional tattooing. A skin swab identified M. mageritense complex. Based on susceptibility testing, a course of oral ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was initiated, with significant improvement observed after 5 weeks. We speculate that the mechanism of inoculation was a result of either the artist using nonsterile water to dilute black ink to gray or from use of contaminated prediluted gray ink. The Therapeutic Goods Administration does not have regulatory authority over the sterility of tattoo inks or practices in Australia. Instead, tattoo practices are regulated by local government jurisdictions. Because of the variability seen in clinical presentation and challenges associated with organism identification, a high index of suspicion is required to diagnose mycobacterial infections. Infection caused by NTM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tattoo-associated dermatological complications, particularly in patients who have chronic lesions, negative bacterial cultures, and fail to respond to standard antibiotic therapy. Mandatory regulations for safe tattoo practices should be considered to prevent outbreaks and ensure public safety.
Having Children Is Associated with a Higher Prevalence of COVID-19 among Young Adults in Kuwait
Authors: Altamimi Saba , Almokhaizeem Zain , Alfouzan Heba , AlHajri Bedour , Alenezi Deema , Alqudeimat Yosor , Almansouri Waleed , Alzalzalah Sayed , Karmaus Wilfried , Ziyab Ali H.
Published: November 2021

Objectives: The role of children in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. We investigated whether having children is associated with self-reported COVID-19 among adults. Subjects and Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study enrolled adults living in Kuwait (n = 2,355; aged ≥21 years). Prior COVID-19 diagnosis and having children were self-reported. Associations were assessed using Poisson regression, and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results: Of the 2,355 participants (1,595 female subjects), 744 (31.6%) and 605 (25.7%) were of age 21–29 and 30–39 years, respectively. Overall, 4.8% (114/2,355) of the participants reported having had COVID-19, with 4.8% of females and 5.1% of males reporting prior COVID-19 diagnosis. In the total study sample, having children showed a trend for association with having had COVID-19 (aPR: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.99–2.14, p = 0.056). Among participants aged 21–29 years, having children was associated with an increased prevalence of COVID-19 (aPR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.21–5.20, p = 0.014). Such an association was not detected in adults aged ≥30 years. Conclusions: Our epidemiological findings highlight the possible role of children in spreading COVID-19. Hence, preventive measures should consider the role of children.
Neutrophil-Derived Protein S100A8/A9 Alters the Platelet Proteome in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Is Associated With Changes in Platelet Reactivity
Authors: Joshi Abhishek , Schmidt Lukas E. , Burnap Sean A. , Lu Ruifang , Chan Melissa V. , Armstrong Paul C. , Baig Ferheen , Gutmann Clemens , Willeit Peter , Santer Peter , Barwari Temo , Theofilatos Konstantinos , Kiechl Stefan , Willeit Johann , Warner Timothy D. , Mathur Anthony , Mayr Manuel
Published: November 2021

Objective:

Platelets are central to acute myocardial infarction (MI). How the platelet proteome is altered during MI is unknown. We sought to describe changes in the platelet proteome during MI and identify corresponding functional consequences.

Approach and Results:

Platelets from patients experiencing ST-segment–elevation MI (STEMI) before and 3 days after treatment (n=30) and matched patients with severe stable coronary artery disease before and 3 days after coronary artery bypass grafting (n=25) underwent quantitative proteomic analysis. Elevations in the proteins S100A8 and S100A9 were detected at the time of STEMI compared with stable coronary artery disease (S100A8: FC, 2.00; false discovery rate, 0.05; S100A9: FC, 2.28; false discovery rate, 0.005). During STEMI, only S100A8 mRNA and protein levels were correlated in platelets (
R
=0.46,
P
=0.012). To determine whether de novo protein synthesis occurs, activated platelets were incubated with 13C-labeled amino acids for 24 hours and analyzed by mass spectrometry. No incorporation was confidently detected. Platelet S100A8 and S100A9 was strongly correlated with neutrophil abundance at the time of STEMI. When isolated platelets and neutrophils were coincubated under quiescent and activated conditions, release of S100A8 from neutrophils resulted in uptake of S100A8 by platelets. Neutrophils released S100A8/A9 as free heterodimer, rather than in vesicles or extracellular traps. In the community-based Bruneck study (n=338), plasma S100A8/A9 was inversely associated with platelet reactivity—an effect abrogated by aspirin.

Conclusions:

Leukocyte-to-platelet protein transfer may occur in a thromboinflammatory environment such as STEMI. Plasma S100A8/A9 was negatively associated with platelet reactivity. These findings highlight neutrophils as potential modifiers for thrombotic therapies in coronary artery disease.
Diversion of Attention Leads to Conflict between Concurrently Attended Stimuli, Not Delayed Orienting to the Object of Interest
Authors: Hoffmeister Jennifer-Ashley , Smit Andrea N. , Livingstone Ashley C. , McDonald John J.
Published: November 2021

The control processes that guide attention to a visual-search target can result in the selection of an irrelevant object with similar features (a distractor). Once attention is captured by such a distractor, search for a subsequent target is momentarily impaired if the two stimuli appear at different locations. The textbook explanation for this impairment is based on the notion of an indivisible focus of attention that moves to the distractor, illuminates a nontarget that subsequently appears at that location, and then moves to the target once the nontarget is rejected. Here, we show that such delayed orienting to the target does not underlie the behavioral cost of distraction. Observers identified a color-defined target appearing within the second of two stimulus arrays. The first array contained irrelevant items, including one that shared the target's color. ERPs were examined to test two predictions stemming from the textbook serial-orienting hypothesis. Namely, when the target and distractor appear at different locations, (1) the target should elicit delayed selection activity relative to same-location trials, and (2) the nontarget search item appearing at the distractor location should elicit selection activity that precedes selection activity tied to the target. Here, the posterior contralateral N2 component was used to track selection of each of these search-array items and the previous distractor. The results supported neither prediction above, thereby disconfirming the serial-orienting hypothesis. Overall, the results show that the behavioral costs of distraction are caused by perceptual and postperceptual competition between concurrently attended target and nontarget stimuli.
Restoring (Old) Questions of Sovereignty under the Cover of Minority Protection?
Authors: Gruber Mirjam , Marcher Anja
Published: November 2021

Minority groups are often the subject of studies dealing with sovereignty and European integration. A now also common topic in political science is the rise of populist movements. Scholars study both of these issues extensively, but little research has been done on their nexus. Against this background, this article looks at the current sovereignty discourse in the minority area of South Tyrol. Even though three linguistic groups peacefully co-exist in the Italian province, various calls for dual citizenship have arisen. The possibility of acquiring an Austrian passport became a salient topic, especially since the övp/fpö government of Austria. Using the discourse-historical approach, the authors contextualize medial discourses with social-cultural context information. Results suggest that local media are disseminating a discourse regarding dual citizenship that largely differs from the opinion of the majority of the population, but corresponds to that of the populist actors who seem to fuel the issue.
‘Jáchymov’s Hell’: Trekking in the Memoryscape of Czechoslovakia’s Communist Forced Labour Camps
Authors: Holá Barbora , Bouwknegt Thijs
Published: November 2021

This article treks through the timeworn remnants of Czechoslovakia’s Communist forced and correctional labour uranium camps in the Ore Mountains in the northwest Bohemian region of Jáchymov. These camps held tens of thousands of detainees, largely political prisoners convicted in sham trials or individuals sent there for re-education. Conditions were deplorable. Throughout the 1950s, the young Czechoslovak Communist regime compelled detainees to hard, life threatening labour and subjected them to maltreatment and arbitrary violence. This article traces some of the visible, invisible or overgrown artefacts of the former camps, as well as public as private memories about what happened there. It reflects on the current memoryscape of these forgotten places of human suffering and describes the aesthetics of these aging sites of atrocity.
The Visualities and Aesthetics of Prosecuting Aged Defendants
Authors: Drumbl Mark , Fournet Caroline
Published: November 2021

The prosecution—whether domestic or international—of international crimes and atrocities may implicate extremely aged defendants. Much has been written about the legalisms that inhere (or not) in trying these barely alive individuals. Very little however has been written about the aesthetics the barely alive encrust into the architecture of courtrooms, the optics these defendants suffuse into the trial process, and the expressive value of punishing them. This is what we seek to do in this project.
The City of Brass and Alexander’s Narrow Grave: Translation and Commentary of Kafas added to Manuscript M7709 (Part 1)
Authors: MacFarlane Alex
Published: November 2021

The 17th-century manuscript M7709 (held in the Matenadaran, Yerevan, Armenia) includes an Armenian copy of the History of the City of Brass, to which an unknown scribe has added short poems about Alexander the Great. The first of three articles that together present the Alexander poems of M7709 in full, with English translation, for the first time, this article introduces the manuscript and considers the first six poems: the seduction of Olympias, and Alexander’s encounter with plant-men at the edge of the world. It adds commentary on the poems’ relationship to the corresponding part of the History of the City of Brass on each page, proposing textual reasons why the scribe added the poems where he did. Across the three articles, this commentary delves into textual relationships beyond the pages of M7709, linking the Armenian History of the City of Brass, Alexander Romance and other texts and traditions, to show how this manuscript is situated amid wider networks of circulating literature. As a microhistorical study, it seeks to provide illumination into the macrohistory of medieval and early modern literature in and beyond the Caucasus.
W.E.B. Du Bois’s Constructivist Theory of Justice
Authors: Basevich Elvira
Published: November 2021

This essay presents the normative foundation of W.E.B. Du Bois’s constructivist theory of justice in three steps. First, I show that for Du Bois the public sphere in Anglo-European modern states consists of a dialectical interplay between reasonable persons and illiberal rogues. Second, under these nonideal circumstances, the democratic ideal of autonomy grounds reasonable persons’ deliberative openness, an attitude of public moral regard for others which is necessary to construct the terms of political rule. Though deliberative openness is the essential vehicle of construction, reasonable persons only have a pragmatic political obligation to forge ties of deliberative reciprocity with likeminded persons whom they trust will listen and not harm them. Finally, I present Du Bois’s defense of black suffragists’ support of the 19th Amendment to illustrate pragmatic political obligation in action. I sketch successful democratic engagement that reconstitutes a nonideal public sphere.
Five new species and three new varieties of Begonia section Casparya endemic to Colombia
Authors: JARA-MUÑOZ ORLANDO ADOLFO , RICHARDSON JAMES E. , ZABALA-RIVERA JUAN CARLOS
Published: November 2021

Casparya, one of the most species-rich sections of Begonia in the Neotropics with 44 species, is distributed from Costa Rica to Peru, with the highest diversity in the Colombian Andes. The section is morphologically well-differentiated and can be distinguished from other Andean cane-like begonias by the 3-horned fruit and multifid or un-divided styles. Here we describe eight taxonomic novelties for Casparya from Colombia, five species and three varieties, descriptions include illustrations, distribution maps, taxonomic comments, and assessments of conservation status. The five species described here are: Begonia diegoi, Begonia galeanoi, Begonia mamapachensis, Begonia perijaensis, and Begonia vinagrera; and the three new varieties are: Begonia kalbreyerii var. orquidensis, Begonia silverstonei var. brevipetiolata, and Begonia vinagrera var. pomecensis. We also present a taxonomic key for the 32 species of Casparya so far known from Colombia.
Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus) guildingii Newport, 1845 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): a composite description, new samples from Western Mexico and a new species subgroup of Neotropical Cormocephalus (Cormocephalus)
Authors: SCHILEYKO ARKADY A. , CUPUL-MAGAÑA FABIO G.
Published: November 2021

Cormocephalus (C.) guildingii Newport, 1845—one of the oldest names in this genus—is described in detail for the first time, based on material from Western Mexico, Jamaica and the Dominican Republic; the range of this species is much expanded. Synonymy of C. impressus Porat, 1876 under C. guildingii is analyzed and confirmed. Relations between the latter and both C. ungulatus (Meinert, 1886) and C. andinus (Kraepelin, 1903) are analysed in detail. Both C. mundus Chamberlin, 1955 and C. (Cupipes) tingonus Chamberlin, 1957 are junior synonyms of C. ungulatus (Meinert, 1886). Cormocephalus mediosulcatus Attems, 1928 is suggested to be transferred to the genus Scolopendropsis as S. thayeri (Meinert, 1886) syn. nov. A new subclade (designated as the “guildingii-subgroup”) is established within the Neotropical clade of the genus Cormocephalus. It includes most Neotropical representatives of the gervaisianus species-group (sensu Schileyko & Stagl 2004) united by nine diagnostic synapomorphies. Relations within the new subclade are analysed and its diagnosis is given.
A new species of the genus Tuberfemurus (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea: Cladonotinae) with comments on the characters of mitochondrial genome
Authors: WANG MENG-QI , DENG YAO , GUAN DE-LONG , MAO BEN-YONG , LI MIAO
Published: November 2021

A new species, Tuberfemurus viridulus sp. nov. is described and illustrated with photographs. The new species is similar to T. torulisinotus Deng, 2019, but differs from the latter by broader vertex, invisible frontal costa in profile, distinctly truncate apex of hind pronotal process, and two large triangular projections on lower outer carinae of hind femur. An updated key to species of Tuberfemurus is provided. Simultaneously, the complete mitochondrial genome of Tuberfemurus viridulus sp. nov. is sequenced and analyzed. The total length of the assembled mitogenome is 15,060 bp with 37 typical mitochondrial genes and a non-coding region (A + T-rich region). The order and orientation of the gene arrangement pattern are identical to that of most Tetrigoidea species. All PCGs initiate with the standard start codon of ATN, except ATP6 with GAC and ND1 with TTG; and terminate with the complete stop codon (TAA/TAG) or with an incomplete T- codon. This data could provide the genome information available for Tetrigoidea and facilitate phylogenetic studies of related insects.
Fine-Scale Velocity Measurement on the Wirewalker Wave-Powered Profiler
Authors: Zheng Bofu , Lucas Andrew J. , Pinkel Robert , Le Boyer Arnaud
Published: November 2021

The Wirewalker (WW) ocean-wave-powered vertical profiling system allows the collection of high-resolution oceanographic data due to its rapid profiling, hydrodynamically quiet operation, and long endurance. We have assessed the potential for measuring fine-scale ocean velocities from the Wirewalker platform using commercially available acoustic velocimeters. Although the vertical profiling speed is relatively steady, platform motion affects the velocity measurements and requires correction. We present an algorithm to correct our velocity estimates using platform motion calculated from the inertial sensors—accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer—on a Nortek Signature1000 acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). This correction, carried out ping by ping, was effective in removing the vehicle motion from the measured velocities. The motion-corrected velocities contain contributions from surface wave orbital velocities, especially near the surface, and the background currents. To proceed, we use an averaging approach that leverages both the vertical platform profiling of the system and the ∼15–20 m vertical profiling range resolution of the down-looking ADCP to separate the surface wave orbital velocities and the background flow. The former can provide information on the wave conditions. From the latter, we are able to estimate fine-scale velocity and shear with spectral wavenumber rolloff at vertical scales around 3 m, a vertical resolution several times finer than that possible from modern shipboard or fixed ADCPs with similar profiling range, and similar to recent glider measurements. When combined with a continuous time series of buoy drift calculated from the onboard GPS, a highly resolved total velocity field is obtained, with a unique combination of space and time resolution.
The Cost of Trust: The World Health Organization and Vaccination's Contested Economization in France
Authors: Thomas Gaëtan
Published: November 2021

This article explores the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) within the tumultuous history of the hepatitis B vaccine in France, including a controversy that erupted in 1996 and lasted several years. When the first hepatitis B vaccine was commercialized in France in 1981, it inaugurated a new era in the industry characterized by high prices, an unprecedented number of patents and aggressive commercial competition. By inscribing the hepatitis B vaccine controversy into a broader, global history of the economization of immunization – in which the WHO played a central role – this article reframes the causes and implications of a controversy that both actors and scholars have approached through a primarily national lens. The challenge posed to the economic approach to immunization prepared the ground for subsequent critiques of vaccines as commodities. The article discusses a key transformation in the recent transatlantic history of public health by focusing on the perceived association of immunization with a contested economic order.
Exploring Teachers' Back Pain Concerning Their Habits, Rules, Leisure Activities, and Physical Activity Breaks at Work
Authors: Galof Katarina , Šuc Lea
Published: November 2021

The role of a teacher in the Faculty of Health Sciences involves teaching students, preparing lessons, and participating in other activities such as research projects and management processes. Professional participation is part of their involvement in daily occupations, which are taking place in teachers’ socio-cultural context and are necessary for their well-being. Teachers' work performance can be enabled or constrained by their professional habits, including habits while using computers. We investigated awareness of and adherence to recommendations on ergonomics and preventive measures for back pain among the Faculty of Health Sciences employees. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between the influence of their habits during computer use and back pain. An online questionnaire was sent to the teaching staff of the Faculty of Health Sciences ( n = 115). 73% of the staff opened the online questionnaire, 43% fully completed the questionnaire. Data were processed using SPSS statistical program, version 20.0. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and factor analysis were calculated. Analysis of the results showed a significant statistical association between the professional habits and roles [daily computer use ( r = .443, P < .01); position of different body parts during computer use [head ( r = .669, P < .001), shoulder ( r = .446, P < .01), legs and feet ( r = .483, P < .01), screen inclination ( r = .577, P < .01), adjusting chair settings ( r = .608, P < .01), distance between eyes and screen (r = .766, P < .01)]; physical activities break at work [ r = .758, P < .01], and back pain. Considering ergonomic principles when designing the work environment can have a major impact on employees' health and quality of work. As experts in the field of health sciences, faculty members are not sufficiently aware of the impact of an improperly designed work environment on employee health, which affects work habits.
Stripped of Agency: The Paradoxical Effect of Employee Monitoring on Deviance
Authors: Thiel Chase E. , Bonner Julena , Bush John T. , Welsh David T. , Garud Niharika
Published: November 2021

Organizations have long sought to mitigate risks associated with unsupervised employee conduct (e.g., employee deviance) through employee monitoring, an approach consistent with traditional theorizing. Yet the effectiveness of employee monitoring as a deviance deterrent has been called into question by emerging evidence suggesting that monitored employees may actually engage in higher levels of deviance. To address this critical tension and shed light on why and when monitoring leads to deviance, we draw upon social cognitive theory to examine the self-regulatory consequences of employee monitoring. We theorize that monitoring paradoxically creates conditions for more (not less) deviance by diminishing employees’ sense of agency, thereby facilitating moral disengagement via displacement of responsibility. Integrating fairness heuristic theory, we further argue that overall justice provides a powerful heuristic that mitigates the potential loss of sense of agency associated with monitoring. Accordingly, we suggest that employee perceptions of high justice will attenuate displacement of responsibility and, in turn, deviance. Across a field study and an experimental study, we find converging support for our predictions and rule out alternative explanations. This research provides important theoretical and practical insights into how monitoring can be used effectively without also promoting unintended consequences.
Intersections of gender, ethnicity, place and innovation: Mapping the diversity of women-led SMEs in the United Kingdom
Authors: Owalla Beldina , Nyanzu Elvis , Vorley Tim
Published: November 2021

This article advances knowledge on the diversity and heterogeneity of women-led small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the United Kingdom by analysing how gender intersects with ethnicity and place to influence their engagement in innovation. We adopt an intersectional perspective, and base our analyses on the Longitudinal Small Business Survey (LSBS) data of 29,257 SMEs over the period 2015–2018. Our findings suggest that despite their limited number, as well as firm size and industry sector constraints, women-led SMEs are actively engaged in innovation activities. In addition, our results on the effects of intersecting categories of gender, ethnicity and place on innovation, further emphasise the heterogeneity of women-led SMEs, both with regard to their likelihood to engage in innovation, as well as the place where innovation is most likely to occur. Implications for policy and practice are highlighted.
Richness in diversity: Towards more contemporary research conceptualisations of women’s entrepreneurship
Authors: Henry Colette , Coleman Susan , Foss Lene , Orser Barbara J , Brush Candida G
Published: November 2021

Analyses of the diversity of women entrepreneurs and their enterprises, using novel approaches and theoretical viewpoints, is lacking in contemporary scholarship. Accordingly, this article reviews and critiques five articles that constitute this Special Issue (SI) focused on exploring the diversity of women’s entrepreneurship. The authors acknowledge that entrepreneurship is a rich and multi-coloured tapestry, hence, these SI articles highlight the complexities of women entrepreneurs and celebrate their diversity through signposting towards research conceptualisations that reflect the actual rather than the assumed status quo. The article contributes to extant scholarship by platforming the heterogeneity of women’s entrepreneurial endeavours, supporting the view that in terms of supporting women’s entrepreneurship, ‘one size (still) does not fit all’. We also propose a framework to help future scholars strengthen the quality and relevance of their research on women entrepreneurs along four key dimensions: influence of context; theoretical development; multiplicity of dimensions; and heterogeneity.
Measurement and Meaning: Critical Reflection on the Maturation and Potential of National Urban Land Studies in the United States
Authors: Richter Steven M
Published: November 2021

Precise measurement of urban land (UL) is an essential tool for planning in a world of accelerating change and increasing risk, but analysis has traditionally faced methodological and conceptual challenges. This review traces the evolution of UL measurement in the United States (US) from early attempts at quantification through current innovative approaches that analyze the qualities of UL. Researchers now have tools better suited to multi-scalar and complex conceptualization of urban systems. Given this maturation, critical reflection on research design has become essential to UL research, in particular the alignment of measurement tools with desired outcomes and planning goals.
The Impact of Historical Knowledge, Skill, and Interpretive Attitude on the Authenticity of Female Reenactors' Regency-Style Gowns
Authors: Smith Dina
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this qualitative case study research was to explore how elements of and barriers to authenticity impact the level of authenticity achieved in Regency reenactors’ gowns. Interviews with ten female Regency reenactors and participant observation were conducted. Participants displayed categorical differences in their commitment to historical knowledge and willingness (interpretive attitude) and ability (skill) to replicate primary historical sources. Overall, the results confirmed that reenactors negotiate their desire for authenticity with personal needs and limitations when creating reenactment dress but contradicted the idea that authenticity is a function of developing historical knowledge. Reenactors’ interpretive attitude, which was often influenced by skill level, was more influential than historical knowledge in pursuing and achieving authenticity. This research resulted in the revision and integration of The Historic Styles of Dress Design Considerations Model into the Authenticity Continuum, creating the Updated Authenticity Continuum, which may be used in future research reenactment and related topics.
Environmental Injustice and Industrial Chicken Farming in Delaware
Authors: Galarraga Joseph , Khanjar Niya , Berman Isabelle , Hall Jonanthan , Edwards Camryn , Bara-Garcia Samuel , Bodenreider Coline , Khan Summer , White Abraham , Kavi Lucy , Wilson Sacoby
Published: November 2021

Potential disparities in the distribution of poultry CAFOs (confined animal feeding operations) and meat-processing facilities across Delaware were explored with regards to sociodemographic factors including race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. We conducted buffer analyses of CAFO host census tracts alongside sociodemographic data in order to explore populations in proximity to the Delaware chicken industry. We conducted a hotspot analysis of CAFOs to find areas with large concentrations of poultry operations and applied zero-inflation regression models to determine if there's a relationship between sociodemographic composition and number of CAFOs/meat- processing facilities in Delaware. Median household income was lower in CAFO host census tracts than all others, and also lower than the state median. A larger percentage of people living in poverty are in poultry CAFO hotspots (15.4 percent) compared to the state average (13.7 percent). Delaware's chicken industry disproportionately burdens low-wealth communities. Delaware policy-makers should employ environmental justice-oriented solutions to best serve impacted populations.
Changes in eyelid position after glaucoma filtering surgery
Authors: Salvá-Palomeque Teresa , Muñoz-Ramón Pablo , Rebolleda Gema , Aguado-Casanova Victor , Ye-Zhu Cristina , Muñoz-Negrete Francisco J.
Published: November 2021

Background

While ptosis is a well-known consequence of glaucoma surgery, some isolated case reports point to the possibility of upper eyelid retraction occurring after glaucoma surgery. This study aims to analyze the occurrence of ptosis and eyelid retraction after glaucoma surgery and to evaluate factors contributing to these palpebral fissure changes.

Methods

Cross-sectional study including 100 eyes of 100 patients that had undergone unilateral glaucoma surgery. Upper eyelid height in the operated eye was measured by digital photography and compared with the fellow, non-operated eye. The main outcome was to determine if ptosis or retraction occurred in the operated eye in comparison with the fellow eye. The secondary outcome was to determine if any variable was associated with ptosis or retraction. A clinically significant difference (either toward ptosis or retraction) was defined as a difference ≥1 mm between both eyes.

Results

Of 100 eyes included 81 (81%) showed no change in eyelid height (−0.133 mm ± 0.496), 11 (11%) showed ptosis (−1.348 mm ± 0.387) and 8 eyes (8%) showed retraction (1.705 ± 0.634). A statistically significant relation was found between ptosis and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (p = 0.003). A trend toward lower postoperative IOP and higher conjunctival blebs was found in eyes with postoperative eyelid retraction.

Conclusions

Eyelid retraction was present in 8% of patients and ptosis in 11%. Patients with eyelid retraction showed around a 3 mmHg lower postoperative IOP than eyes without retraction. The presence of pseudoexfoliation may be a risk factor for this complication. A prospective study with a large number of patients would be required to confirm these results.
Macrovascular and microvascular responses to prolonged sitting with and without bodyweight exercise interruptions: A randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Horiuchi Masahiro , Stoner Lee
Published: November 2021

Exposure to uninterrupted prolonged sitting leads to macro- and microvascular complications, which can contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk. This study investigated the macrovascular and microvascular responses to 3 h of sitting that was: (i) uninterrupted (CON); and (ii) interrupted every 20 min with 1 min light intensity half squats plus calf raises (EX). Twenty healthy participants (21 [SD: 2] years; 21.5 [SD: 1.6] kg/m2) were recruited to participate in this randomized cross-over trial. Macrovascular function was quantified using brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and the lower- and upper-limb arterial stiffness index (ASI). Microvascular function was quantified as the medial gastrocnemius tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) area under the curve (AUC) during reactive hyperemia. The baPWV did not significantly change with time ( p = 0.594) or by condition ( p = 0.772). The arm ASI increased by 3.6 (95% CI: 0.7 to 6.6, effect size [ES] = 0.27) with a nonsignificant condition effect ( p = 0.219). There was a significant interaction effect for leg ASI ( p = < 0.001), with ASI increasing (impairment) by 18.7 (95% CI: 12.1 to 25.3, ES = 0.63) for CON and decreasing (improvement) by −11.9 (95% CI: −18.5 to −5.3, ES = 0.40) for EX compared to presitting. Similarly, the AUC decreased (detrimental) by 18% (Δ = −321, 95% CI: −543 to −100, ES = 0.32) for CON and increased by 32% (Δ = 588, 95% CI: 366 to 809, ES = 0.59) for EX. The leg ASI was inversely associated with StO2 AUC (interclass correlation coefficient: −0.66, 95% CI: −0.51 to −0.77). These preliminary findings suggest that regularly interrupting prolonged sitting with simple bodyweight exercises may help to preserve lower-limb vascular function.
A Scoping Review of the Experiences of Violence and Abuse Among Sexual and Gender Minority Migrants Across the Migration Trajectory
Authors: Alessi Edward J. , Cheung Shannon , Kahn Sarilee , Yu Melanie
Published: November 2021

Violence against sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals has continued to proliferate globally. Yet, less is known about victimization among subgroups of SGM individuals, especially SGM immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. There has been a steady increase in this vulnerable group of migrants over the years, and emerging evidence has pointed to their heightened risk of victimization. We conducted a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature that examined violence, abuse, and mental health among SGM individuals who migrate internationally. One hundred ninety-nine articles were identified by searching five scholarly databases and hand searching. Twenty-six articles met inclusion criteria. We first used the migration framework, which outlines the distinct phases of the migration trajectory (predeparture, travel, interception, destination, and return), to categorize findings and then identified four overarching themes to capture SGM migrants’ experiences at each phase: severe and prolonged violence and abuse related to sexual orientation or gender identity (predeparture); continued victimization and high-risk for sexual violence (travel); detainment- and deportation-related violence and abuse (interception and return); and new manifestations of violence and abuse while living with past trauma (destination). Violence and abuse began in childhood and continued in the host country, where they faced discrimination while managing posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Findings indicate that SGM migrants are extremely vulnerable to victimization. There is an immediate need for policies to protect SGM individuals worldwide and for affirmative, culturally informed practices to help SGM migrants manage trauma and the structural barriers impeding recovery.
Conducting Research Using Online Workshops During COVID-19: Lessons for and Beyond the Pandemic
Authors: Shamsuddin Azwa , Sheikh Aziz , Keers Richard N.
Published: November 2021

Social distancing rules in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic have necessitated a move to online research for many social science researchers. In moving data collection online, academic literature on Internet-mediated research has resurfaced and been enriched, providing researchers with a useful resource when planning data collection online. In sharp contrast, there is limited published work for online workshops, indicating new opportunities for developing an evidence base for this increasingly important approach to data generation.
Reliability of one-shot device with generalized gamma lifetime under cyclic accelerated life-test
Authors: Zhu Xiaojun , Liu Kai
Published: November 2021

One-shot devices are products or equipments that can be used only once. A nature characteristic of one-shot devices is that they get destroyed immediately after their use, and therefore their actual lifetimes are never observable. The only information observed is the condition whether they worked or not at the time they are used. These days the quality of products are significantly improved, so that the information obtained under a normal test during a short time is quite limited. A typical test to induce more failures is the accelerated life-test, which is developed by increasing the stress levels under test. In this paper, we will investigate the reliability of one-shot devices with generalized gamma fatigue life under accelerated life-tests with various cyclic temperature fluctuations by assuming a Norris-Landzberg model. Generalized gamma involves many common lifetime distributions, such as gamma, Weibull, lognormal, and positive stable distributions, as special cases. Norris-Landzberg model takes not only temperature change, highest testing temperature, but also the cycling frequency into account when modeling the number of cycles-to-failure, resulting a generalized model with the well-known Coffin-Manson model and Coffin-Manson-Arrhenius model as special cases. Associated inferences are developed. The performance of the proposed model and inferential methods will be evaluated with simulation study and model discrimination. Finally, the chip-scale package solder joints data is analyzed to illustrate the considered model and inferential methods developed in this paper.
Validation of a shortened FAST-ED algorithm for smartphone app guided stroke triage
Authors: Frank Benedikt , Fabian Felix , Brune Bastian , Bozkurt Bessime , Deuschl Cornelius , Nogueira Raul G. , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Köhrmann Martin
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose:

Large vessel occlusion (LVO) recognition scales were developed to identify patients with LVO-related acute ischemic stroke (AIS) on the scene of emergency. Thus, they may enable direct transport to a comprehensive stroke centre (CSC). In this study, we aim to validate a smartphone app-based stroke triage with a shortened form of the Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED).

Methods:

This retrospective validation study included 2815 patients with confirmed acute stroke and suspected acute stroke but final diagnosis other than stroke (stroke mimics) who were admitted by emergency medical service (EMS) to the CSC of the Neurological University Hospital Essen, Germany. We analysed the predictive accuracy of a shortened digital app-based FAST-ED ( ‘FAST-ED App’) for LVO-related AIS and yield comparison to various other LVO recognition scales.

Results:

The shortened FAST-ED App had comparable test quality (Area under ROC = 0.887) to predict LVO-related AIS to the original FAST-ED (0.889) and RACE (0.883) and was superior to Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Severity (CPSS), 3-Item Stroke Scale (3-ISS) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). A FAST-ED App ⩾ 4 revealed very good accuracy to detect LVO related AIS (sensitivity of 77% and a specificity 87%) with an area under the curve c-statistics of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.87–0.90). In a hypothetical triage model, the number needed to screen in order to avoid one secondary transportation in an urban setting would be five.

Conclusion:

This validation study of a shortened FAST-ED assessment for a smartphone-app guided stroke triage yields good quality to identify patients with LVO.
Daratumumab plus CyBorD for patients with newly diagnosed light chain (AL) amyloidosis
Authors: Theodorakakou Foteini , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Kastritis Efstathios
Published: November 2021

Primary systemic immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is caused by a plasma cell clone of, usually low, malignant potential that expresses CD38 molecules on their surface. Treatment of AL amyloidosis is based on the elimination of the plasma cell clone. The combination of cyclophosphamide–bortezomib–dexamethasone (CyBorD) is the most widely used and is considered a standard of care; however, complete hematologic response rates and organ response rates remain unsatisfactory. Daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated encouraging results, with rapid and deep responses, in patients with relapsed or refractory AL amyloidosis as monotherapy with a favorable toxicity profile. The large phase-III, randomized, ANDROMEDA study evaluated the addition of daratumumab to CyBorD in previously untreated patients with AL amyloidosis and demonstrated that addition of daratumumab can substantially improve hematologic complete response rates, survival free from major organ deterioration or hematologic progression, and organ responses. In this review, we discuss the role of daratumumab in the treatment of AL amyloidosis, its mechanism of action, and the results of ANDROMEDA study that led to the first approved therapy for AL amyloidosis.
NAFLD in type 1 diabetes: overrated or underappreciated?
Authors: Mertens Jonathan , Van Gaal Luc F. , Francque Sven M. , De Block Christophe
Published: November 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in western countries, affecting 25–30% of the general population and up to 65% in those with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance (IR) contributes to NAFLD. NAFLD is not an innocent entity as it not only may cause nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis but also contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. More and more people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are becoming overweight and present with features of IR, but the prevalence and impact of NAFLD in this population are still unclear. The utility of noninvasive screening tools for NAFLD in T1D is being explored. Recent data indicate that based upon ultrasonographic criteria NAFLD is present in 27% (ranging between 19% and 31%) of adults with T1D. Magnetic resonance imaging data indicate a prevalence rate of 8.6% (ranging between 2.1% and 18.6%). There are, however, multiple factors affecting these data, ranging from study design and referral bias to discrepancies in between diagnostic modalities. Individuals with T1D have a 7-fold higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular mortality is the most prominent cause of death in T1D. Patients with T1D and NALFD are also more prone to develop CVD, but the independent contribution of NAFLD to cardiovascular events has to be determined in this population. Furthermore, limited data in T1D also point towards a 2 to 3 times higher risk for microvascular complications in those with NAFLD. In this article, we will discuss epidemiological and diagnostic challenges of NAFLD in T1D, explore the link between IR and NAFLD and chronic complications, and examine the independent contribution of NAFLD to the presence of macro-, and microvascular complications.