bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saireito, a Japanese herbal medicine, alleviates leaky gut associated with antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in mice
Authors: Ozaka Sotaro , Sonoda Akira , Ariki Shimpei , Minata Mizuki , Kamiyama Naganori , Hidano Shinya , Sachi Nozomi , Ito Kanako , Kudo Yoko , Dewayani Astri , Chalalai Thanyakorn , Ozaki Takashi , Soga Yasuhiro , Fukuda Chiaki , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Ishizawa Shiori , Nishiyama Mitsue , Fujitsuka Naoki , Mogami Sachiko , Kubota Kunitsugu , Murakami Kazunari , Kobayashi Takashi
Published: June 2022

Antibiotics disrupt normal gut microbiota and cause dysbiosis, leading to a reduction in intestinal epithelial barrier function. Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier, which is known as “leaky gut”, results in increased intestinal permeability and contributes to the development or exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. We have previously reported on a murine model of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction associated with dysbiosis induced by the administration of ampicillin and vancomycin. Saireito, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, is often used to treat autoimmune disorders including ulcerative colitis; the possible mechanism of action and its efficacy, however, remains unclear. In this study, we examined the efficacy of Saireito in our animal model for leaky gut associated with dysbiosis. C57BL/6 mice were fed a Saireito diet for the entirety of the protocol (day1-28). To induce colitis, ampicillin and vancomycin were administered in drinking water for the last seven consecutive days (day22-28). As previously demonstrated, treatment with antibiotics caused fecal occult bleeding, cecum enlargement with black discoloration, colon inflammation with epithelial cell apoptosis, and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Oral administration of Saireito significantly improved antibiotics-induced fecal occult bleeding and cecum enlargement by suppressing inflammation in the colon. Furthermore, Saireito treatment ensured the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier by suppressing apoptosis and inducing cell adhesion proteins including ZO-1, occludin, and E-cadherin in intestinal epithelial cells, which in turn decreased intestinal epithelial permeability. Moreover, the reduced microbial diversity seen in the gut of mice treated with antibiotics was remarkably improved with the administration of Saireito. In addition, Saireito altered the composition of gut microbiota in these mice. These results suggest that Saireito alleviates leaky gut caused by antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Our findings provide a potentially new therapeutic strategy for antibiotic-related gastrointestinal disorders.
Construction of long non-coding RNA- and microRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA networks in alcohol-related esophageal cancer
Authors: Du Quan , Xiao Ren-Dong , Luo Rong-Gang , Xie Jin-Bao , Su Zu-Dong , Wang Yu
Published: June 2022

The current study aimed to explore the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks associated with alcohol-related esophageal cancer (EC). RNA-sequencing and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs, DELs), and miRNAs (DEMs) in patients with alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related EC were identified. Prognostic RNAs were identified by performing Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was employed to build the gene modules. The lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed based on ourin silicoanalyses using data from miRcode, starBase, and miRTarBase databases. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for the genes in the identified ceRNA networks. A total of 906 DEGs, 40 DELs, and 52 DEMs were identified. There were eight lncRNAs and miRNAs each, includingST7-AS2and miR-1269, which were significantly associated with the survival rate of patients with EC. Of the seven gene modules, the blue and turquoise modules were closely related to disease progression; the genes in this module were selected to construct the ceRNA networks. SNHG12–miR-1–ST6GAL1, SNHG3–miR-1–ST6GAL1, SPAG5-AS1–miR-133a–ST6GAL1, and SNHG12–hsa-miR-33a–ST6GA interactions, associated with the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway, may have key roles in alcohol-related EC. Thus, the identified biomarkers provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of alcohol-related EC.
Embedding the remote sensing monitoring of archaeological site damage at the local level: Results from the “Archaeological practice and heritage protection in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq” project
Authors: Laugier Elise Jakoby , Abdullatif Nawzad , Glatz Claudia
Published: June 2022

Today, the satellite-based monitoring of archaeological sites and site damage is a widespread practice, especially in conflict-affected regions. However, the vast majority of these remote sensing cultural heritage monitoring efforts have been led and conducted by remote researchers, and there remains an urgent need to embed this work within existing, in-country institutions at local and regional levels. Here, we present the archaeological site monitoring approach and results from the projectArchaeological Practice and Heritage Protection in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, a collaborative project between the Sirwan Regional Project and Kurdish Iraqi archaeologists aimed at generating a fully functional and sustainable programme of archaeological site management co-created with, and managed by, Kurdish Iraqi archaeologists and antiquities officials. Between August 2018 and February 2020, 376 archaeological sites in the Sirwan/Upper Diyala River Valley region, located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, were assessed for damage by Kurdish Iraqi archaeologists in collaboration with the Sirwan Regional Project. This work represents the first large-scale, systematic dataset of archaeological site conditions and longer-term damage in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). Our results show that 86.7% of the assessed archaeological sites and 38.6% of the site surface area in this region were affected by damage between 1951–2018, and demonstrate the great urgency with which action must be taken to develop appropriate safeguarding measures for the KRI’s archaeological heritage. On the basis of these results, we outline relevant recommendations for the immediate protection of archaeological sites in Garmian and the greater Kurdistan Region.
Trace element concentrations in forage seagrass species of Chelonia mydas along the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Wilkinson Adam , Ariel Ellen , van de Merwe Jason , Brodie Jon
Published: June 2022

Toxic metal exposure is a threat to green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) inhabiting and foraging in coastal seagrass meadows and are of particular concern in local bays of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), as numerous sources of metal contaminants are located within the region. Seagrass species tend to bioaccumulate metals at concentrations greater than that detected in the surrounding environment. Little is known regarding ecotoxicological impacts of environmental metal loads on seagrass or Chelonia mydas (C. mydas), and thus this study aimed to investigate and describe seagrass metal loads in three central GBR coastal sites and one offshore site located in the northern GBR. Primary seagrass forage of C. mydas was identified, and samples collected from foraging sites before and after the 2018/2019 wet season, and multivariate differences in metal profiles investigated between sites and sampling events. Most metals investigated were higher at one or more coastal sites, relative to data obtained from the offshore site, and cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) were found to be higher at all coastal sites. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) found that metal profiles in the coastal sites were similar, but all were distinctly different from that of the offshore data. Coastal foraging sites are influenced by land-based contaminants that can enter the coastal zone via river discharge during periods of heavy rainfall, and impact sites closest to sources. Bioavailability of metal elements are determined by complex interactions and processes that are largely unknown, but association between elevated metal loads and turtle disease warrants further investigation to better understand the impact of environmental contaminants on ecologically important seagrass and associated macrograzers.
Connected and extracted: Understanding how centrality in the global wheat supply chain affects global hunger using a network approach
Authors: Raj Subhashni , Brinkley Catherine , Ulimwengu John
Published: June 2022

While global food trade has allowed countries to buffer against domestic food production shortfalls and gain access to larger markets, engaging in trade has also opened economies up to shocks and increased extraction of food resources. With this research, we analyze how the global grain network influences country-level nourishment, while controlling for per capita land and food production. First, we model the trade network structure of the global wheat supply chain to measure the centrality or positionality of countries. We use spatial regression analysis to assess the impact of trade networks, volume, purchasing power, production capacity and geography on undernourishment. We find that the six countries most central to the global grain trade by betweenness and eigenvector centralities account for more than half of all wheat exports globally by volume. The centrality of these countries as opposed to volume of wheat produced or traded, determines their influence in the wheat supply chain network. The parametric component of our analysis confirms that trade, and centrality have significant implications for national levels of nourishment. Our findings suggest that for countries with low purchasing power, increasing centrality allows improvements in nourishment levels but for countries with very high purchasing power, increasing centrality can increase hunger outcomes. To counteract perturbations and shortfalls such as those being experienced currently in the globalized food system, local and regional governments may consider refocusing on regional and local based food systems.
Genetic diversity of Echinococcus spp. in wild carnivorous animals in Kazakhstan
Authors: Uakhit Rabiga , Smagulova Ainura , Syzdykova Alfiya , Abdrakhmanov Sarsenbay , Kiyan Vladimir
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim: The study of Echinococcus infection among farm animals in Kazakhstan was carried out to monitor the invasion among livestock and map the data obtained. Unfortunately, there are only partial data on the study of echinococcosis among wild carnivores in Kazakhstan, which makes it difficult to conduct a comparative analysis of the epidemiological situation among wild animals. The present study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity of Echinococcus spp. (Leuckart, 1863) in Kazakhstan based on sequence analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) of worms isolated from wild carnivorous animals wolf (Canis lupus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and corsac (Vulpes corsac).

Materials and Methods: DNA from parasite tissue was used as a template for the amplification of the two mitochondrial genes cox1 and nad1. Sequencing was performed according to the manual for the Seq Studio Genetic Analyzer. The multiple alignments of obtained sequences were performed using the ClustalW algorithm in Mega (v.11) software. Alignments were exported as a Nexus extension and used as input for TCS v1.21 for the identification of haplotypes. The phylogenetic analysis was constructed according to the neighbor-joining method using Mega (v.11) software.

Results: Analysis of the extensiveness of echinococcosis invasion showed that 6.3% were wolves, 18.2% were corsacs, and 85% were foxes. In total, 159 adults of Echinococcus spp. from the three species of animals in different parts of Kazakhstan were analyzed, and 17 individual biological samples were successfully sequenced. Sequence analysis of cox1 and nad1 genes revealed two types of echinococcosis – Echinococcus granulosus in red foxes and wolves, and Echinococcus multilocularis in corsacs. Sequencing of a portion of the mitochondrial genome made it possible to determine seven haplotypes of the pathogen in the studied samples of E. granulosus. Molecular analysis of cox1 and nad1 genes of E. multilocularis revealed three new haplotypes, which have significant variability compared with other studied Asian haplotypes.

Conclusion: This study made it possible to fill the gaps in understanding the localization of the foci of the spread of the echinococcosis pathogen among the main wild carnivores and to determine the species reservoir of the pathogen in the greater territory of Kazakhstan.
DFT Calculations of 2,5-Diphenyl Furan against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro based on Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Jeyavijayan S. , Ramuthai M. , Murugan Palani
Published: June 2022

FTIR, FT-Raman and density functional theory (DFT) studies of 2,5-diphenyl furan (DPF) has been carried out to interpret the molecular structure, vibrational frequencies and its intensities. From the estimation, we obtained the HOMO-LUMO energy gap as 2.7113 eV, which is clearly significant the charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The intramolecular interaction and delocalization of the charges has been studied using NBO analysis. In addition, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) calculations were also performed. The hydrogen bond interactions and binding energy of 2,5-diphenyl furan were estimated using molecular docking studies. The docking investigation was carried out to confirm the repressive nature of title molecule against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) proteins.
Preservative Action of Ginger and Garlic Ratio Mixture on Fresh Leaves of
Moringa oleifera with its Computational Evidences
Authors: Pattanaik S. , Mohapatra A. , Rath D. , Kar D.M. , Panda J. , Rath A.
Published: June 2022

In food industries worldwide, food processing methods are tremendously needful to meet the present
consumer’s demands. There are continuously increasing efforts to develop food preservatives by
avoiding chemicals for which natural sources are the only alternative. Morninga oleifera (Moringaceae)
is highly nutrious and medicinaly valued plant which will be detoriate with the microbial and
environmental factors. The preservation of food materials is really challenged without using the chemical
preservatives. The use of spice property of ginger and garlic has a characteristic pungent, hot, flavour
that mellows and sweetens considerably with cooking. They both have the radical scavenging activity
otherwise considered ideal antioxidants beneficial in many reported diseases including the antifungal,
antibacterial and antiviral and antiparasitic agents. Therefore, the present study has been undertaken
to investigate the popularly used ginger and garlic in the management of antimicrobial activity of
leaves of Morninga oleifera by in vitro as well as in silico approaches.
A New HPLC Stability Indicating Method and Validation for Simultaneous Quantitation of
Bilastine and Montelukast Sodium in API and Marketed Formulation by QbD Approach
Authors: Sethy Kamini , Rajeswari K. Raja , Padhy Gopal Krishna
Published: June 2022

A new HPLC stability indicating method was developed and optimized by using a statistical tool,
design expert 13.0.1.0 (Stat-Ease) for simultaneous quantitation of bilastine and montelucast sodium
in marketed tablet dosage form. Randomized response surface methodology with two factor central
composite design was utilized for mobile phase optimization and the effect of the independent variables,
flow rate and volume of organic phase on critical quality attributes, resolution and retention time was
studied. The analytes were resolved on a inertsil C18 (150 × 4.6 mm) column with 5 μm particle size.
Within the design space the optimum chromatographic condition chosen was 0.1% orthophosphoric
acid with acetonitrile at 60:40 (%v/v) having a flow rate of 1 min/mL for 10 min. The retention time
(Rt) for bilastine and montelucast sodium was 2.445 and 3.787 min, respectively. The method was
completely validated as per the current ICH guidelines. Forced degradation was carried out in acidic,
basic, photolytic, neutral, oxidation, thermal conditions to prove the stability indicating property of
HPLC method. The method’s applicability was studied by determining bilastine and montelucast
sodium in the marketed tablet dosage form. This validated RP-HPLC stability indicating method can
be suggested for routine quality control analysis in industries and research laboratories for the fixed
dose marketed tablet formulation.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous
Estimation of Cyclosporine A in Combination with α-Linolenic Acid
Authors: Phadatare Suvarna P. , Momin Munira , Pimplikar Pramod , Sirwani Rajesh
Published: June 2022

A suitable isocratic reverse-phase HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of
cyclosporine A and α-linolenic acid (ALA) in their synthetic mixture formulated to evaluate the
synergistic therapeutic effect. The reversed phase HPLC chromatographic method was developed to
obtain two separate peaks within short retention time period (30 min run time), without any interference
from excipients peaks. The chromatographic separation was achieved on C18 column (5 μm, 4.6 × 250
mm) at 50 ± 0.3 ºC. The analytes were eluted at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min using ultraviolet detector at
210 nm with mobile phase of 1% v/v orthophosphoric acid in water: acetonitrile:2-propanol (25:60:25
v/v/v). The proposed method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy and system
suitability. All validation parameters were within the acceptable range.
Antibacterial Activity of Undoped and Cu2+ Doped Tin Oxide Nanoparticles
Synthesized by Microwave Irradiated Solvothermal Method
Authors: Abhirama K.J. , Saraswathi N. , Madhu K.U.
Published: June 2022

In present work, a simple and facile microwave irradiated solvothermal method was applied for the
synthesis of undoped and Cu2+ doped tin oxide nanoparticles. Thermal characterization was performed
to study the thermal stability and to fix the annealing temperature. All the prepared samples were
annealed at 500 ºC and then characterized. Structural, morphological and optical characterizations
were done using PXRD, TEM, SEM and UV-Vis NIR analysis. The PXRD measurement shows the
tetragonal phase of tin oxide. Agglomerated and spherical morphology was observed in SEM and
TEM micrographs. Presence of blue shift was observed in the absorption spectra of the prepared
samples. Elemental compositions of the samples were analyzed using EDX patterns. Magnetic
characterization was performed using vibrating sample magnetometer and the analysis revealed that
the prepared samples were diamagnetic in nature. Antibacterial studies showed the efficient activity
against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial stains.
Study of Protein Structures under the Influence of Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Mandal Pritha , Molla Anisur R.
Published: June 2022

Ionic liquids are nowadays extremely popular in the advanced research field of many disciplines
including chemistry, chemical engineering, material science, biology and pharmaceuticals. Unique
physico-chemical properties of the ionic liquids such as low vapor pressure, stability, large liquid
range, broad solubility and easy modification of structures are responsible for its vast application.
Imidazolium based ionic liquids are one of the most widely used ionic liquids and theses are extensively
studied in the field of protein research. In this mini-review, imidazolium ionic liquid induced effect on
the structure and function of protein molecules are discussed.
C-H Functionalization and C-N Bond Formation Approaches under Catalytic
Conditions for the Synthesis of α-Ketoamides and 2,4-Disubstituted-1,3,5-triazines
Authors: Singh Laimujam Sidartha , Kabi Arup K. , Sengupta Ragini , Roy Anupam , Sahoo Abhishek , Saha Indranil , Malakar Chandi C.
Published: June 2022

This work describes an easy way to perform approach for the transformation of arylmethyl ketones to
α-ketoamides using secondary amines as starting materials in the presence of iodine as a catalyst in
water under peroxide free reaction conditions. The established amidation reaction proceeds via
α-C(sp3)-H functionalization and C-N bond formation approaches in water at ambient temperature.
On the other hand, a novel and straightforward synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted-1,3,5-triazines via
nickel-catalyzed cyclization of amidines with DMSO as one-carbon synthon has been developed. The
developed strategy proceeds via C-N bond formation.
Social Media for the Dissemination of Educational Videos About Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: van Deen Welmoed K. , Simpson Mike , Dupuy Taylor P. , Khalil Carine , Bonthala Nirupama N. , Spiegel Brennan M.R.
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

To broadly disseminate 5 user-centered educational videos for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and their family and friends on social media.

METHODS:

Relevant social media users were iteratively identified based on their online behavior. For each video, 2 different accompanying texts were tested.

RESULTS:

We reached 4.2 million social media users of whom 320,302 watched at least 50% of the video. A short description resulted in higher view rates than posing an open-ended question.

DISCUSSION:

We showed the feasibility of large-scale dissemination of health-related educational videos through social media. Our findings can inform future online dissemination approaches of educational content.
Changes in Epidemiology of Acetaminophen Overdoses in an Urban County Hospital After 20 Years
Authors: Long Apple , Magrath Melissa , Mihalopoulos Meredith , Rule Jody A. , Agrawal Deepak , Haley Robert , Kleinschmidt Kurt , Lee William M.
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is the main cause of acute liver failure in the United States. A prior series (1992–1995) identified 71 hospitalized adults with APAP toxicity through the International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, 9th revision (ICD-9) code at Parkland Hospital, Dallas, TX.

METHODS:

We used a laboratory database search of serum APAP levels from 2011 to 2015 to identify patients with APAP toxicity in the same hospital.

RESULTS:

We identified 140 patients hospitalized for APAP toxicity from 27,143 APAP levels obtained; 35 required Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and there were no deaths. APAP toxicity/100,000 admissions was similar between eras.

DISCUSSION:

APAP toxicity continues unabated after 20 years but with improved overall outcomes.
Pendidikan Karakter pada Anak Usia Dasar dalam Pembelajaran Daring di Era Digital
Authors: Husain Alma Pratiwi
Published: June 2022

The development of the digital technology era makes educators have to provide extra character planting in children. Character education as a character / moral shaper of a child. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the pattern of human life, one of which is in the field of education which has turned into online learning. This study aims to describe the character education of elementary-aged children in online learning in the digital era. The research method used is library (Library Research). The results of the study show that to instill character education in elementary age children in the online learning process in the digital era, it is necessary to optimize all aspects of both educators, students, parents, and the learning curriculum. Thematic-integrative in the 2013 curriculum can be used as an alternative character education. During the COVID-19 pandemic, character cultivation in children can still be taught, especially on the value of spiritual, responsible and independent character.
La memoria comunitaria frente a la memoria oficial
Authors: Rabe Ana María
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo parte del presupuesto de que el trabajo de la memoria tiene un efecto transformador y liberador, si es llevado a cabo de forma dinámica, creativa y participativa. Como se verá, las experiencias y producciones estéticas adquieren aquí una función destacada, especialmente cuando se comparten de manera abierta y solidaria en una comunidad. Se argumentará que el fomento del trabajo productivo de la memoria con medios estéticos es una labor que no puede ni debe terminar nunca, puesto que tiene una importancia vital para los procesos emancipadores del ser humano. Cuando se activa el potencial productivo y transformador de la memoria, se trascienden historias cerradas, unívocas y homogéneas, como las que propaga una memoria meramente reproductiva, puesta al servicio de una ideología imperante. Esta tesis central será analizada en sus implicaciones filosóficas y discutida contraponiendo la «memoria comunitaria», esencialmente productiva y transformadora, a la «memoria oficial» que procede de manera reproductiva y manipulativa. Ejemplos de iniciativas comunitarias del contexto colombiano ilustrarán finalmente de qué manera medios estéticos pueden despertar y fomentar una memoria crítica y transformadora, capaz de convertir historias cerradas, ignoradas o reprimidas en posibilidades que se abren a la vida. PALABRAS CLAVE: rememoración (Eingedenken); transformación;
El rostro trágico y oculto del victimismo moderno
Authors: Noudjom Tchana Alban Pascal de
Published: June 2022

Hoy en día, la mayoría de las grandes instituciones públicas y privadas está marcada por el escándalo de los abusos sexuales. La saturación en los medios de estos escándalos no se restringe a alguna organización, afecta a todas, ya sea gubernamental, no gubernamental, religiosa o política Hay miles de víctimas. Desafortunadamente, en torno a estos abusos inaceptables, nace un nuevo tipo de marketing que «folcloriza» el dolor, transformándolo en negocio. Estamos presenciando el surgimiento de una nueva clase de víctima y de una nueva forma de ser una víctima. Es un victimismo sutil lo que se discute aquí, el mismo que ve la condición de víctima como una situación ventajosa de la cual obtener grandes ganancias. La reflexión que sigue explora la cuestión del victimismo, así como sus desafíos en la Iglesia Católica y en una tendencia del feminismo contemporáneo.
Reconstructing History: Postmemory and Ectopic Literature
Authors: Luarsabishvili Vladimer
Published: June 2022

This paper deals with the possible ways of understanding the relation between the reconstruction of history and literary fiction (postmemory and ectopic literature). The transmission of memory across generations – postmemory, and the composition of literary works out of the place of the origin – ectopic literature – facilitate the formation of historical discourse, which is inevitably accompanied by modern interpretation. As interpretation is understanding reality in a subjective manner, literary fiction takes its place in the reconstruction of historical events. And ectopic literature is one of the main narratives, which helps to understand the relation between facts and fantasy.
Incomunicados: aislamiento espiritual en Dostoievski y su eco en la narrativa de Carson McCullers
Authors: Díez Bosch Miriam , Micó Sanz Josep-Lluís , Sabaté Gauxachs Alba
Published: June 2022

Fiodor Dostoievski (1821-1881) rasga el alma humana hasta dejarla herida por el sufrimiento, la culpa y el aislamiento. Y, sin embargo, la derrota no gana la batalla. La escritora sureña estadounidense Carson McCullers (1917-1967) escribe sobre la soledad y la miseria del sur de los Estados Unidos con una mirada atenta a los paisajes desolados de la Rusia de Fiodor Dostoievski, no sólo físicos sino esencialmente metafísicos. Esta autora que ya leyó al maestro ruso a los 13 años explora las entrañas humanas desde un terreno rural, desolador, inhóspito y desafortunado, con diferencias raciales, sobreexposición de alcohol y con un concepto de bien moral interno que aparece como una pulsión constante e inagotable. En esta aproximación queremos destacar cómo el misterio del mal, pero también el acto de la voluntad y la incomunicación, son aspectos que unen a ambos autores, especialmente en dos de sus obras maestras, Crimen y Castigo y El corazón es un cazador solitario, respectivamente.
The Effects of Animated Cartoon Series on 5th Grade Students’ Environmental Literacy Sub-dimensions: The Case of “SU ELÇİLERİ”
Authors: GÜN ŞAHİN Esra , ARSLAN Harika Özge
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of an animated cartoon series on middle school student’s sub-dimensions of the environmental literacy. A quasi-experimental pre-post design with a control group is utilized. The sample is 33 volunteer 5th-grade students who attended intact classes. The objectives of the “Human and Environment” unit set the framework of the implementation and distance learning was used in both groups. In the control group, lecturing supported with presentations, interactive activities, and questioning was used during 5 weeks of the implementation. In the experimental group, the content and the activities are the same as the control group except watching animated cartoons. Episodes of the “Su Elçileri” series matched with the content and objectives of the unit were watched with the sequence of the objectives of the unit. It is ensured that the students realized the environmental problem discussed in each episode and think like the characters in the animated cartoon series. Research data were collected using Environmental Knowledge Test, Affective Dispositions towards the Environment Scale, Environmentally Responsible Behavior Scale, and Environmental Problems Attitude Scale. The findings indicate that exposure to the “Su Elçileri” animated cartoon series results in significantly better improvement in environmentally responsible behaviors and the attitude toward environmental problems than the control group. The findings draw attention to animated cartoons as a teaching strategy in environmental education and science education, especially in younger age groups.
Defending Indonesian Sovereignty through Mass Media: Radio Rimba Raya in the Revolutionary War
Authors: Muttaqin Habibi , Mokodenseho Sabil , Widjayanto Febby
Published: June 2022

Radio as a medium of information plays an important role in the history of Indonesia's struggle. This study was conducted because of the previous studies on the movement to defend Indonesia's independence, only a few uses radio as a means of struggle. Radio Rimba Raya (RRR), which was established in Aceh. The aim is to analyze the role of RRR in defending Indonesian Independence, especially during the Second Dutch Military Aggression in 1948 and the General Offensive on March 1, 1949. Using the historical method, this study found that RRR became an important medium for nationalists to communicate orders and information, as well as providing an opportunity for Indonesia to thwart propaganda and dismiss Dutch provocations. Due to the importance of RRR in Indonesia's struggle, it can be concluded that one of the media for Indonesia's struggle and success against the Dutch was RRR with its messages that crossed the vast expanse of the contested area. The messages of struggle that were broadcast through the RRR were an important part of Indonesia's political strategy, both in dismissing Dutch propaganda and provocations and in guarding the agendas of Dutch-Indonesian diplomacy so that they were known to the public at home and abroad.
Perencanaan PLTS Roof Top On-Grid Untuk Gedung Kantor PLTU Amurang Sebagai Upaya Mengurangi Auxiliary Power dan Memperbaiki Nilai Nett Plant Heat Rate Pembangkit
Authors: Burhandono Ardian , Windarta Jaka , Sinaga Nazaruddin
Published: June 2022

Pembangkit listrik adalah kumpulan dari beberapa mesin yang sumber utamanya dari listrik tergabung dalam beberapa sistem atau sub sistem untuk menjalankan proses produksi menghasilkan energi listrik. Tidak semua listrik yang di hasilkan dari Generator disalurkan ke pelanggan namun juga ada listrik yang di pakai sendiri untuk menggerakkan motor-motor listrik atau tempat-tempat lain yang memerlukan listrik yang ada di dalam area pembangkit tersebut. Saat ini kebutuhan listrik untuk gedung kantor diambilkan dari unit pembangkit PLTU Amurang sehingga membebani auxiliary power pembangkit tersebut. Perencanaan pembangunan PV sel surya roof top on grid sebagai salah satu alternatif sebagai sumber energi listrik di kantor PLTU Amurang sehingga bisa mengurangi auxiliary power pembangkit utama dan memperbaiki Nett Plant Heat Rate (NPHR).  Hasil perhitungan diperlukan 6 modul panel sel surya dengan nominal power per panel 300 Wp dan satu inverter kapasitas 2000 W dengan estimasi biaya Rp 71.500.000,-. Setelah pemasangan PLTS, terdapat perkiraan penghematan rata-rata 133 kWh setiap bulan dan nilai NPHR mengalami penurunan minimal 20,15 kCal/kWh setiap bulannya yang menandakan unit pembangkit utama semakin efisien.
Tinjauan Potensi dan Kebijakan Pengembangan PLTA dan PLTMH di Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Listya Nurina , Windarta Jaka
Published: June 2022

Kebutuhan energi listrik yang terus meningkat mencapai 6,9% per tahunnya, tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan energi fosil sebagai energi primer yang terus menurun. Untuk itu pemerintah Indonesia mulai melakukan percepatan pemanfaatan Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) dimana target pemanfaatan EBT nasional pada tahun 2050 diharapkan mencapai 31%. Melalui Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) berencana mengembangkan program Renewable Energy Based Industry (REBID) Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA) skala besar. Dalam rangka mendukung Kebijakan Energi Nasional penggunaan energi baru dan terbarukan pada tahun 2025 diwujudkan dengan berbagai macam kebijakan salah satunya adalah pengembangan PLTA maupun PLTMH di Indonesia. Sebagai energi yang ramah lingkungan, serta mengurangi efek rumah kaca juga mendukung program pemerintah mengenai penyediaan energi dari sumber energi baru terbarukan. Adanya kebijakan diharapkan mampu mendukung untuk memaksimalkan potensi energi air yang ada di Indonesia. Regulasi teknis maupun non teknis harus terus diperbaharui untuk mendukung investasi pengembangan PLTA maupun PLTMH di Indonesia.
Effect of Cofiring Using Sawdust on Steam Coal Power Plant Heat Rate Value
Authors: Ilham Muhammad Farras , Suedy Sri Widodo Agung
Published: June 2022

Guna mencapai bauran energi nasional tahun 2025 perlu akselerasi pengembangan  kapasitas energi baru terbarukan. Salah satu energi baru terbarukan yang berpotensi dikembangkan di Indonesia adalah biomassa untuk bahan bakar, dengan cara co-firing. Biomassa bisa menjadi energi alternatif yang efektif, guna meminimaslir penggunaan bahan bakar fosil. Biomassa bisa dicampurkan kedalam bunker batubara, campuran bahan bakar tersebut di alirkan menuju ruang bakar atau furnace. Beberapa keuntungan penggunaan biomasa  pada PLTU antara lain investasi relatif lebih rendah dan dampak lingkungan lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan yang 100% batubara. Serbuk kayu ini merupakan limbah produksi karena tidak dapat menghasilkan produk (output) yang bernilai tinggi dari segi ekonomi. Sawdust/Serbuk kayu sisa hasil pengerajin. Perhitungan tara kalor dengan metode input-output, dilakukan dengan cara menghitung total  konsumsi bahan bakar dalam satuan kg/jam, dikalikan dengan nilai kalor rata-rata batubara selama pengujian kemudian dibagi dengan rata-rata daya yang dihasilkan dalam satuan kWh/jam, sehingga didapatkan energi. Kesimpulannya Penggunaan subtitusi pembakaran dengan cara menambahkan sawdust pada boiler dengan blending 95% Batubara dan 5% sawdust tidak ada perbedaan signifikan, hasil perhitungan heat rate metode input-output nilai GPHR coal firing 2649 kCaI/kWh, sementara nilai GPHR co-firing yaitu 2705 kCal/kWh, dengan penurunan kWh produksi gross sebesar 1% pada saat co-firing. Nilai SFC relatif sama yaitu SFC coal firing adalah 0,617 dan SFC co-firing adalah 0,621. Dari hasil perhitungan heat rate metode heat loss didapatkan efisiensi boiler saat coal firing adalah 84,34% sementara saat co-firing adalah 84,72%. Nilai GPHR pada saat coal firing adalah sebesar 2.668,37 kCaI/kWh dan saat co-firing adalah 2.688,16 kCal/kWh.
COVID-19 and the Local Tradition of the People of North Maluku
Authors: Zuhdi Susanto , Ahmad Irfan , Karman Andi Sumar , Abdulrahman Safrudin , Sari Noor Fatia Lastika
Published: June 2022

Dealing with pandemics has never been a new issue, seen from the perspective of the history of mankind. It was a manifestation of l’histoire se répète. As an example, a few centuries prior to the Black Death and Cholera Outbreak, Galvao wrote that a respiratory disease had broken out in Ternate around 1553, while De Clercq mentioned a deadly plague in Bacan throughout 1706-1709. Traditionally, these issues were treated as a result of badly conducted supernatural rituals. They opted for herbal treatments, and exorcism, and even migrated to the hinterland as an act of self-quarantine. Today, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and reached the islands of North Maluku province, with Ternate as the epicentrum of the outbreak. However, there has been a resolution, which facilitates another traditionally crafted effort, such as Liliyan, Barifola, and Rera, based on the oral tradition mentioned in Dora Bololo. We seek to discover how far cultural aspect would affect the economic and social life of the locals, as well as in what domain tradition and local practice should contribute to the current situation. Thus, this research aims to understand and analyze such a combination of traditionally generated solutions within a current scientific framework, especially on how history, anthropology, as well as archival, and memory study could understand the living aspect of the locals and therefore apply Vansina’s (1985) approach in oral tradition as historical sources.
Pioneer Manuscript in Refuting Wahhabism: The Perspective of Kiai Dimyati bin Abdul Karim as-Surakarta as a Basis for Islamic Moderation
Authors: Muhyidin Muhyidin , Triyono Triyono , Ardani Mira Novana
Published: June 2022

The study of manuscripts on religious moderation, especially those related to counter extremist and Wahhabi doctrines, missed a manuscript written in 1926. The manuscript was written by Kiai Muhammad Dimyati bin Abdul Karim as-Surakarta, under the title Lawāmi'ul Burhān wa Qawāṭi'ul Bayān. The main motivation in writing the manuscript was to educate people so that they are not influenced by wahhabism. This research is a study of manuscript Lawāmi'ul Burhān wa Qawāṭi'ul Bayān by Kiai Muhammad Dimyati. The manuscript has perspective about the importance of rising together against the narrow Islam of Wahhabism; Islam suppresses local cultural expressions, feels right about himself, seems unfriendly and different, and also downplays the role of women. This article finds that Kiai Muhammad Dimyati bin Abdul Karim has conducted a critical study of the Wahhabi doctrine, which according to him is mono-perspective and does not tolerate differences in interpreting Islamic law (mazhab).
Thermal fatigue analysis of different nano coating thickness by air plasma spraying in diesel engine thermal barrier coating
Authors: Mahdi Qusay Adnan , Mhmood Ibtihal A. , Mashhour Mahmoud A
Published: June 2022

The use of Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanostructured coatings has been applied to the bond layer of NiCrAlY coated engine cylinder heads, pistons, and valve substrates. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been utilized to increase the engine performance in the design of combustion chamber components for internal combustion engines. ASTM-C-633-01 standard has been employed to conduct the bonding strength testing. It was also considered and directed to estimate the coating’s thermal performance by evaluating its insulation value and conducting a thermal insulation durability assessment. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to look at the nano powders and coatings’ microstructures and phase compositions. In YSZ, it was discovered that the topcoat of samples had a tri-modal pattern of nano sized particles engaged by the powder, micro-columnar grains generated from the re-solidification of the molten part of the powder, and almost equiaxed grains, which were a unique construction feature. The results demonstrated the creation of nano zones in one of three nanostructured coating zones and improved the top coating properties, including bonding strength and thermal insulation capacity. The high temperature of the diesel engine caused fatigue failure in the intake and exhaust valves.
Prenatal diagnosis of Holt-Oram syndrome
Authors: Foreste Virginia , Riccardi Carla , Zizolfi Brunella , Gallo Alessandra , Di Spiezio Sardo Attilio
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To detect common congenital disorders in Holt-Oram syndrome.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 32 years old primigravida pregnant woman affected by Holt-Oram syndrome referred to our institution for second trimester routine anatomy scan. The ultrasound reported a bilateral aplasia radii, slightly curved ulna and bilateral twisted hand with four digital rays. A significant enlargement of the right atrium without tricuspid regurgitation was also detected. The patient refused the amniocentesis and the postnatal evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of Holt-Oram syndrome.

Conclusions

Holt-Oram syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic condition. It is characterized by abnormalities in the bones of the upper limb and congenital heart malformation. The mutation can be inherited, but most cases result from a new mutation in patients without family history of the disorder.
System and eco-material design based on slow-release ferrate(vi) combined with ultrasound for ballast water treatment
Authors: Laksono Fajar Budi , Majid Dian , Prabowo Aditya Rio
Published: June 2022

Background

The problem of ballast water is caused by microorganisms. The solution to solve this problem is ballast water disinfection. Until the recent day, there have not been many practical solutions. Usually, ozone, chlorine, and UV treatments were used for disinfection. However, these methods still have many weaknesses in treating ballast water.

Methods

The ferrate(vi) system proposed in this paper is liquid ferrate(vi) produced on-site using a slow-released system and combined with ultrasound. This paper investigated the optimum time to produce liquid ferrate(vi), pH, and temperature.

Results

The optimum synthesis time has been observed to be 10 min with the produced ferrate(vi) of 42,000 ppm. The optimal pH and temperature to make ballast water harmless have been observed to be the neutral pH condition at 25°C, respectively. The design of ballast water treatment using ferrate(vi) combined with ultrasound has also been proposed in this paper.

Conclusions

Ferrate(vi), as the primary material in ballast water treatment, has been successfully synthesized. The process of ballast water treatment using ferrate(vi) combined with ultrasound can be performed automatically using a time sensor and a mass sensor. With the proposed design, it can be a promising solution to solve the problems related to ballast water.
The Rural-Urban Continuum and the 2020 U. S. Presidential Election
Authors: Johnson Kenneth M. , Scala Dante J.
Published: June 2022

The question, “What is rural?”, has become increasingly salient to scholars of American politics over the past decade, especially after the 2016 election of Donald Trump. While social and political tensions between urban and rural residents of the United States are now widely recognized, rural cannot simply be defined as the antithesis of urban. Using survey data and voting returns from the 2020 election, we illustrate how urban-rural differences are best understood not as a dichotomy, but as a continuum. Large metropolitan core counties comprise one pole of this continuum: their residents are most likely to vote Democratic, and to express liberal attitudes on a variety of topics. At the other pole are counties far from urban areas with no towns, where conservative attitudes are widespread and Republican majorities are substantial. Between the two poles lie a continuum of counties with widely varying positions along the liberal-conservative dimension and voting records to match. We find this urban-rural continuum provides considerable analytical utility even in a multivariate spatial regression model that incorporates numerous other important demographic, economic, and social variables. Our analytical framework takes a step beyond the bipolarity that typically characterizes the discussion of urban and rural America.
Syntheses, crystal structure, thermal behavior, and anti-tumor activity of three ternary metal complexes with 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid and heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Zhang Zhongyu , Chen Meng , Tong Mingqiong , Sun Wan , Dong Pingxuan , Song Xinfeng , Wang Xiaoyue
Published: June 2022

Three complexes, namely complex (1), complex (2), and complex (3), were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric study, and elemental study. Complex (1) comprises discrete binuclear clusters, where two oxygen atoms of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid bridge the two copper atoms. Complex (2) is a six-coordination structure consisting of four nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms in 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline to furnish a twisted octahedron. Complex (3) is a six-coordination structure consisting of four oxygen atoms and two nitrogen atoms from the 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid, methanol, and 2,2′-dipyridyl to furnish a distorted octahedral geometry. Metal complexes’ anti-tumor activity was also investigated by the MTT assay. Of the complexes tested, complex (1) could induce apoptosis in these A549 lung cancer and Caco-2 colon adenocarcinoma cells and complex (2) could induce apoptosis in Caco-2 colon adenocarcinoma cells. CCDC for complex (1) was 1543354, CCDC for complex (2) was 1546991, and CCDC for complex (3) was 1543417.
Absorber film deposition by hollow cathode discharge for solar thermal collectors application
Authors: Pamplona de Sousa Gustavo César , Gomes da Silva Kelly Cristiane , Alves Júnior Clodomiro
Published: June 2022

Selective coatings are produced with high absorption in the ultraviolet/visible range, composed of ilmenite deposited on stainless steel substrates and aluminum substrates, using the cathodic cage plasma nitriding/deposition technique, for application in solar thermal absorbers. Ilmenite was initially characterized by means of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffractometry and thermal analysis. The coatings produced were optically characterized in the UV/Vis range, the microstructural evaluation of coatings was by scanning electron microscopy and data on the roughness parameters of the films produced were obtained by optical profilometry. Uniform selective surfaces with high solar absorbance (87 %) were obtained in the ilmenite samples deposited on stainless steel substrate.
Influence of water-absorbent polymer balls on the structural performance of reinforced concrete beam: An experimental investigation
Authors: Hussen Nibras Farooq , Mohammed Shatha Dheyaa
Published: June 2022

This research investigated the influence of water-absorbent polymer balls (WAPB) on reinforced concrete beams’ structural behavior experimentally. Four self-compacted reinforced concrete beams of identical geometric layouts 150 mm × 200 mm × 1,500 mm, reinforcement details, and compressive strengthfc′{f}_{\text{c}}^{^{\prime} }≈ 50 MPa were castellated. Each beam contained a volume percentage of WAPB that differed from the others, and the considered percentages wereVb= 0, 1, 2, and 3%. A static test under two-point loads was adopted to evaluate the structural behavior of the tested beams. The results indicated that the maximum load capacity of the tested beams was increased by 2.0, 3.0, and 7.14% for the volume percentages of 1, 2, and 3%, respectively, as compared to the reference beam (Vb= 0%). It was also observed that the impact ofVb= 3% was higher than that of the other percentages. For all the tested beams, the mode of failure was a flexural failure that is compatible with the considered preliminary design. The results showed that increasing the percentage of polymer to 3% had a significant effect on the deflection, as the deflection was directly proportioned to the percentage of WAPB.