bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Integration of Rice and Aquatic Species: Insights from Global and National Experiences
Authors: Ibrahim Lubna A. , Shaghaleh Hiba , Abu-Hashim Mohamed , Elsadek Elsayed Ahmed , Hamoud Yousef Alhaj
Published: July 2023

The objective of this article is to review the historical development of rice–aquatic species (RASp) integration and analyze the factors that affect its performance. Compared to rice monoculture, the integration of the rice–aquatic species system has a more significant impact on farm production, income, land (L), water use efficiency (WUE), net revenue, and labor use efficiency (LBUE) reduction. Although concurrent and alternate cultivations of rice–aquatic species increase unit water efficiency, concurrent cultivation requires 26% more water than monoculture. Furthermore, RASp farming promotes environmentally-friendly rice cultivation by reducing the use of pesticides (insecticides and herbicides), decreasing CH4 emissions by approximately 14.8–22.1%, and enhancing water quality. These findings suggest that fish integration in rice fields could be integrated into extensive aquaculture. Finally, global cooperation is necessary to transfer knowledge about this technology, particularly from China, and more research is needed to evaluate the effects of rice–aquatic species integration in the context of climate change and practical water use efficiency. Additionally, a robust development program at the national and global levels, with regulatory and non-administrative bodies’ guidance and strategy, is needed to embrace the expansion of the rice–aquatic species practice.
Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Sustainable Water Resources and Their Use Based on Improved Combination Weights
Authors: Tian Xiaoran , Jiang Ning , Jin Chaojie , Nie Tangzhe , Gao Yu , Meng Fanxiang
Published: July 2023

The sustainable use of water resources has become increasingly crucial given the present water supply and demand situation. In this study, the degree of sustainable water resource utilization in Harbin City from 2014 to 2021 was calculated using a fuzzy identification model with a combination of the “sequential relationship analysis method (G1) and coefficient of variation method (CVM)” and 18 evaluation indicators retrieved for water resources, reflecting social, economic, and ecological aspects. The study shows that (1) in terms of the research method, the combined weighting of “G1-CVM” is a feasible approach to avoid the shortcomings of single weighting and (2) in terms of the evaluation of water resources sustainable utilization, the spatial distribution of water resources in each district (county) of Harbin City has been stable over the past 8 years. The spatial distribution pattern is relatively stable, with the three regions of Binxian, Bayan, and Shuangcheng showing better sustainable water resource utilization and the three regions of Tonghe County, including the main urban area and Wuchang City, showing deteriorating sustainable water resource utilization. As a whole, the spatial distribution of sustainable water resources in the 13 districts (counties) of Harbin City from 2014 to 2021 shows a negative correlation, with the main urban area, Wuchang City, Hulan District, Bayan County, Shuangcheng District, and Yilan County showing a clustering type in the local spatial autocorrelation analysis. Based on the evaluation results, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the sustainable use of water resources in Harbin are identified and found to be conducive to the timely adjustment of water resources allocation and the rational use of water resources in each district (county). Meanwhile, the research ideas and methods used in this paper can be applied to research on the sustainable use of water resources in other regions.
Functional Response of Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Communities to Temporality in Tropical Temporary Ponds
Authors: Tette-Pomárico Aliano J. , Tamaris-Turizo Cesar E. , Motta Diaz Ángela J. , Eslava-Eljaiek Pedro
Published: July 2023

Temporary or stationary wetlands (ponds) are bodies of shallow water that experience periodic droughts and an irregular flood cycle throughout the year. Although these wetlands are widely distributed in the Colombian territory, there have been few studies on their ecology. The aim of this research is to determine the effects of hydroperiod on the functional diversity of aquatic and semiaquatic macroinvertebrates in five temporary ponds in the department of Magdalena (Colombia). The samplings were performed during the hydroperiods of the filling and drying phases. Samples were collected from all the microhabitats present (sediment, littoral, and limnetic zones). Correlation analyses were performed between the traits and sites in the two hydroperiods, and a multidimensional and comparative analysis of functional diversity was performed, where indices of distance, richness, and functional dispersion were calculated in each hydroperiod. Statistical differences in functional replacement were found for only one of the ponds; however, the other ponds showed a similar trend. These results fit the functional turnover ecological hypothesis in that the response of the aquatic and semiaquatic macroinvertebrate communities was associated with the hydroperiod of the ponds based on the habitat “templet” theory.
Investigation of Salt and Nitrogen Distribution under Belt Plastic Film Mulching in Surface- and Drip-Irrigated Maize Field in Hetao Irrigation District
Authors: Liu Haijun , Ju Wenwen , Shao Mengxuan , Hou Lizhu
Published: July 2023

Hetao Irrigation District (HID) is one of the main regions for maize and sunflower production in North China. However, water resource shortages and soil salinization greatly limit maize and sunflower production. The surface irrigation method is the main irrigation method in HID; however, now, the plastic mulching and drip irrigation area is increasing to reduce irrigation water and enhance crop yield. In this study, the soil water, salt, and nitrogen contents at the 0–100 cm soil layer under plastic mulching and non-mulching conditions with the surface irrigation—fertilizer broadcast practice and drip fertigation method were investigated at the maize elongation and maturation stages in the 2021 and 2022 seasons. The results show that the mulching practice and irrigation methods greatly influenced the soil salt and ionic nitrogen (NO3− and NH4+) distributions and, ultimately, the maize yield. Mulching reduced the soil salt content in the 0–20 cm soil layer by a mean of 35.7% under surface irrigation and by 18.6% under the drip irrigation condition. The NO3− content in the 0–20 cm soil layer with the drip fertigation system was approximately 8 times higher in mulching soil than that out of mulching. However under the surface irrigation condition, the NO3− content was 8–10 times lower under mulching than that out of mulching. The soil salt and NO3− contents were distributed uniformly at each soil layer deeper than a 40 cm depth, indicating minor effects of mulching. The soil NH4+ content decreased as the soil depth increased and distributed uniformly at each soil layer, indicating the insignificant influence of the mulching practice. As a result, the maize yield under the drip-mulching condition was approximately 11% (10.6~11.4%) higher than that under the surface-mulching condition in the two maize seasons. Given that surface irrigation is currently the primary irrigation method in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), we have proposed three approaches aimed at enhancing maize production through the improvement of nitrogen levels in surface-mulching practices.
Water-Level Fluctuations and Ungulate Community Dynamics in Central Uganda
Authors: Warbington Camille H. , Boyce Mark S.
Published: July 2023

Climate change has altered precipitation regimes with concomitant influences in hydrology. For a complex assemblage of ungulates, these water-level fluctuations might alter habitat partitioning thought to be crucial for coexistence in response to livestock introduction. We placed camera traps in three habitat types along the Mayanja River in central Uganda to evaluate space use by native and domestic ungulates. For each species, we assessed the difference in the proportion of days with camera-trap detections during three water-level conditions (low in 2017, normal in 2015, and high in 2016). Sitatunga was the only species regularly using wetlands; their use of remote wetlands remained consistent regardless of water-level conditions, and their use of forest habitats decreased during the study. In the forest, warthogs showed no change in use, while proportion of days with detections increased over time for all other ungulates. Our results indicate that ungulate community space use appears to be independent of hydrologic condition, and that risk for competitive exclusion between native and domestic ungulates is tempered by dietary and habitat use differences. Adaptations to dynamic hydrology appears to buffer consequences for ungulate communities; more serious are habitat losses to agriculture and development.
Exploring Public Preference and Willingness to Pay for the Ecosystem Benefits of Urban Green Infrastructure: Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment of Pilot Sponge Cities in China
Authors: Wu Xinyang , Zhang Jingyi , Han Yunfan , Zhou Nan , Qiao Xiu-Juan , Han Chao
Published: July 2023

Global extreme weather events such as rainstorms, floods and droughts have become increasingly frequent, posing significant threats to human beings worldwide. Green infrastructure has been implemented for decades to mitigate these issues. However, its widespread adoption in cities is still limited. A lack of sustainable funds was viewed as a great challenge for its widespread implementation. Many developed countries have practiced public participation and stormwater fee systems to mitigate these challenges. To assess the value that citizens place on the ecosystem benefits provided by urban green infrastructure is of great importance for increasing public participation and their willingness to pay. Thus, this paper aims to explore public preferences and their willingness to pay for the benefits of green infrastructure to support the construction and maintenance costs. A discrete choice experiment method was employed and five attributes were selected: reduction in run-off pollutant, degrees of ponding, plant type, planting aesthetics and the amount of payment. The Ngene1.2 software was used to generate a questionnaire, and data collected from the case cities, Xianyang and Xi’xian New Area, China, were analyzed using the mixed logit model. The results revealed that in Xianyang, the willingness to pay was not significantly associated with cognition, while in Xi’xian New Area, willingness to pay was positively related to cognition. Respondents exhibited a significant willingness to pay for green infrastructure to achieve reduced degrees of ponding in both cities, as well as improving planting aesthetics in Xi’xian New Area. Based on these findings, we conclude that government decision-makers should prioritize disseminating knowledge about green infrastructure to residents before implementing such projects in communities. The findings provide valuable insights into the potential economic value of urban green infrastructure and can guide policymakers and urban planners in making decisions regarding the design, implementation, and management of green infrastructure. This study contributes to the understanding of citizen perspectives and the economic evaluation of ecosystem services provided by urban green infrastructure.
Summer Chlorophyll-a Increase Induced by Upwelling off the Northeastern Coast of Hainan Island, South China Sea
Authors: Chen Yingjun , Zhao Hui , Shen Chunyan
Published: July 2023

There are generally high chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a) where upwelling is prevalent. High Chl-a is often observed in upwelling areas of the northeastern coast of Hainan Island during the summer. Using the satellite remote sensing data, including sea surface temperature, sea surface wind and Chl-a data from 2009 to 2022, we analyze the spatial-temporal and inter-annual variation of Chl-a on the northeastern coast of Hainan Island. Then, the possible influence of environmental factors on Chl-a are further examined by using satellite data, as well as Ekman transport and Ekman pumping velocity derived from the wind products. Finally, the key factors affecting the changes of Chl-a are discussed by correlation analysis. The results show the significant interannual variation of Chl-a in the region, with the maximum of summer Chl-a during the prevalent period of upwelling. The correlation analyses reveal that there is a higher correlation coefficient between the summer Chl-a and the upwelling index (i.e., upwelling regional temperature anomaly), suggesting the role played by upwelling in the summer high Chl-a is more important than the other environmental factors. It is speculated that the summer Chl-a increase is not only influenced by wind-induced upwelling but also by the upwelling caused by tidal mixing, large-scale circulation, topographic changes, and typhoon events.
Experimental Study of Flow Kinematics and Impacting Pressures on a Suspended Horizontal Plate by Extreme Waves
Authors: Kong Weizhen , Yang Jun , Niu Xuyang , Wen Liangjun , Li Haitao , Ma Yuxiang , Chen Shuai
Published: July 2023

The flow kinematics and impacting pressures on a suspended horizontal plate under extreme waves were investigated experimentally. Three different stages of extreme waves, unbreaking, incipient breaking, and broken, were separately generated using a dispersive focusing method. The flow field kinematics around the plate during the slamming process was measured using a combination of particle image velocimetry and bubble image velocimetry techniques. We found that for aerated areas, there are significant differences in flow patterns under different conditions. The velocity distribution in aeration areas is more discrete. The slamming peak on the upper surface is influenced greatly by the aeration effect, resulting in the maximum slamming peak of the unbreaking case being 3.8 kPa, which is 0.41 times larger than that of the incipient-breaking case and 1.12 times larger than that of the broken case. However, for the area below the plate, the slamming force and flow evolution under different types of breaking exhibit similarity.
Understanding the Challenges of Hydrological Analysis at Bridge Collapse Sites
Authors: Ashraf Fahmidah U. , Islam Mohammad H.
Published: July 2023

There is a crucial need for modeling hydrological extremes in order to optimize hydraulic system safety. It is often perceived that the best-fitted distribution accurately captures the intricacies of the hydrological extremes, particularly for the least disturbed watersheds. Thirty collapse sites with the least disturbed watersheds within the Appalachian Highland region in the U.S. are identified and used to test this perception. Goodness-of-fit tests, time series analysis, and comparison of predictor variables are carried out to find out the best-fitted distribution, identify trends and seasonal variation, and assess site variability. The study results are found to be inconclusive and sometimes contradictory; sometimes even complex distribution models do not provide better results. For most sites, the historic peak flow data are best-fitted with multiple distributions, including heavy and light tails. For monthly flow data, seasonal variation and trend cannot be categorized since no definitive, distinct tendency can be identified. When comparing sites best-fitted with a single distribution to sites best-fitted with multiple distributions, significant differences in certain geospatial characteristics are identified. However, these characteristics at the watershed scale are claimed to be less important in predicting the behavior of a flood event. All of these results capture the difficulties and inconsistencies in interpreting the results of hydrologic analysis, potentially reducing the robustness of the hydrologic tools used in the design and risk assessment of bridges.
Iran Quality of Care in Medicine Program (IQCAMP): Design and Outcomes
Authors: Shahraz Saeid , Shahin Sarvenaz , Farzi Yosef , Modirian Mitra , Shahbal Nazila , Azmin Mehrdad , Mohebi Farnam , Naderian Mohammadreza , Amin-Esmaeili Masoume , Ahmadi Naser , Seyfi Shahedeh , Zokaei Hossein , Samadi Roya , Mohajer Bahram , Sherafat-Kazemzadeh Roya , Balouchi Abbas , Mesgarpour Bita , Parsaeian Mahboubeh , Gorgani Fatemeh , Rahimi Saral , Saeedi Moghadam Sahar , Khezrian Maryam , Amin Ahmad , Baheshmat Shahab , Beyranvand Mohammad Reza , Haghjoo Majid , Mahdavi-Mazdeh Mitra , Mehrpour Masoud , Moradi Ghobad , Peiman Soheil , Rahimi Besharat , Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin , Rikhtegar Reza , Roshani Shahin , Saadatnia Mohammad , Samimi Ardestani Seyed Mehdi , Khatibzadeh Shahab
Published: July 2023

Background: Assessment of quality and cost of medical care has become a core health policy concern. We conducted a nationwide survey to assess these measures in Iran as a developing country. To present the protocol for the Iran Quality of Care in Medicine Program (IQCAMP) study, which estimates the quality, cost, and utilization of health services for seven diseases in Iran. Methods: We selected eight provinces for this nationally representative short longitudinal survey. Interviewers from each province were trained comprehensively. The standard definition of seven high-burden conditions (acute myocardial infarction [MI], heart failure [HF], diabetes mellitus [DM], stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD) disease, major depression, and end-stage renal disease [ESRD]) helped customize a protocol for disease identification. With a 3-month follow-up window, the participants answered pre-specified questions four times. The expert panels developed a questionnaire in four modules (demographics, health status, utilization, cost, and quality). The expert panel chose an inclusive set of quality indicators from the current literature for each condition. The design team specified the necessary elements in the survey to calculate the cost of care for each condition. The utilization assessment included various services, including hospital admissions, outpatient visits, and medication. Results: Totally, 156 specialists and 78 trained nurses assisted with patient identification, recruitment, and interviewing. A total of 1666 patients participated in the study, and 1291 patients completed all four visits. Conclusion: The IQCAMP study was the first healthcare utilization, cost, and quality survey in Iran with a longitudinal data collection to represent the pattern, quantity, and quality of medical care provided for high-burden conditions.
Prevalence and Correlates of Polypharmacy, and Drug Utilization Pattern in a Semi-urban Population: Results from the Pars Cohort Study
Authors: Akbari Mohammad Reza , Kamalipour Alireza , Pakroo Mahsa , Mesgarpour Bita , Poustchi Hossein , Mohammadi Zahra , Gandomkar Abdullah , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein
Published: July 2023

Background: Although polypharmacy is considered a major predictor of irrational use of drugs, little is known about polypharmacy in developing regions. We aimed to indicate the prevalence and correlates of polypharmacy and to determine the medication profile at the population level in southern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from participants of the Pars Cohort Study (PCS) (aged above 40 years, N=9269). Polypharmacy was defined as using five or more medications concurrently. A Poisson multivariable model was applied to estimate the adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) of various risk factors. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system was used for classifying medications. Results: Prevalence of polypharmacy was 10.4%, (95% CI: 9.75; 11.08) and it was higher among females (15.0%), older adults (age≥65 years) (16.0%), and individuals with more than two chronic conditions (31%). Being female, educated, married, and not having a low socio-economic class were independently associated with a higher likelihood of polypharmacy. The most prevalent medications among female participants were sex hormones and modulators of the genital system (58.4%), drugs for acid-related disorders (14.6%), and anti-anemic preparations (13.6%,). On the other hand, males were using acid-related disorders (14.6%), anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic products (7.8%), and beta-blocking agents (6.3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of polypharmacy in our sample was relatively low, especially among males. Cardiovascular drugs, acid suppressants, hormonal contraceptives, and anti-anemic preparations are drug classes with the highest contribution to polypharmacy.
Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Wound Healing and Pain Reduction After Gingivectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Abesi Farida , Derikvand Nahid
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Complete healing of a gingivectomy wound usually takes between one and two months. To speed up this process, different topical medications have been reported. In addition, there are different studies assessing the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in terms of wound healing and pain relief subsequent to gingivectomy, yielding inconsistent outcomes. In the present study, we systematically reviewed the existing evidence in the literature to resolve the given conflicts. Methods: We searched for the studies published from inception to 1 April 2023 in Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases without language limitation by the use of appropriate keywords. We included randomized or non-randomized clinical trial studies that appraised the efficacy of LLLT in pain reduction and wound healing in adult patients who underwent gingivectomy. We pooled the continuous data concerning the pain visual analogue scale and the healing index extracted from the individual studies to provide a standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), using a random-effects model. Results: Out of 188 sources initially captured from the database search, six studies were ultimately included. Regarding wound healing, the LLLT group exhibited a significantly higher mean value of the healing index compared to the control group on days 3 (SMD, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.39 to 1.47) and 7 (SMD, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.49 to 1.57) post-surgery. Also, significant differences were noted in the postoperative pain reduction between the two groups on days 3 (SMD, -2.00; 95% CI, -2.48 to -1.51) and 7 (SMD, -2.44; 95% CI, -4.66 to -0.22) post-surgery. Conclusion: According to the present systematic review, LLLT could potentially be an efficient adjunctive treatment after gingivectomy for wound healing acceleration and patient pain alleviation.
Diseases of the parathyroid glands in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Erfani Armin , Izadpanah Ghahremani Arash , Soleimantabar Hussein , Nazari Maryam , Alipoor Mina
Published: July 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent health condition affecting millions worldwide. One of the common complications of CKD is CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), which involves disturbances in mineral metabolism and skeletal health due to complications of CKD. The parathyroid glands, a small gland located near the thyroid glands in the neck, play a vital role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. CKD can result in the dysfunction of the parathyroid glands, leading to a range of complicated disorders.
Strategi Peningkatan Kinerja Melalui Kepemimpinan Spiritual Dan Kompetensi
Authors: Yuni Kasmawati
Published: July 2023

Perubahan lingkungan yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kompleksitas, globalisasi dan dinamika mengakibatkan perubahan teknologi dan pengetahuan yang semakin luas. Ada pergeseran fokus organisasi dari kegatan ekonomi murni menuju pengembangan spiritual. Keadaan tersebut menempatkan spiritualitas menjadi bagian dari  sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang holistik. SDM dengan segala kompetensinya adalah aset yang sangat penting bagi organisasi, sehingga perlu dikolola dengan baik agar mampu mendukung tercapainya tujuan organisasi. Peran pemimpin dalam mengelola, mengerahkan dan mengembangkan SDM adalah sangat penting. Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan model kepemimpinan spiritual dan kompetensi untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru. Sampel responden sebanyak 40 diambil untuk dianalisis dengan pendekatan Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Software SmartPLS 3.0 digunakan sebagai alat bantu analisis. Hasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan spiritual berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kompetensi. Demikian juga kepemimpinan spiritual berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja guru. Kompetensi yang dimiliki guru menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja guru. Sedang kompetensi memediasi secara parsial pengaruh kepemimpinan spiritual terhadap kinerja guru.  Terkait dengan kepemimpinan spiritual, organisasi khususnya pemimpin perlu merumuskan visi secara jelas dengan mengintegrasikan nilai spiritual sebagai komponen utama dalam pengembangan karyawan dan organisasi agar tujuan organisasi tercapai.
Bir Boyutlu Evrişimsel Sinir Ağı Yardımıyla Faz Kilitleme Değeri ve Diferansiyel Entropi Özellikleri Kullanılarak EEG Sinyallerinde Duygu Tanınması
Authors: UYANIK Hakan , ÖZÇELİK Salih Taha Alperen , ŞENGÜR Abdülkadir
Published: July 2023

Duygu analizi günümüz bilim dünyasında üzerinde en çok araştırma yapılan alanların başında gelmektedir. Özellikle insan-bilgisayar etkileşimi gibi günlük hayatımıza her geçen gün daha çok dahil olan alanların yanı sıra nörobilim ve psikoloji gibi bilim dallarının da yakından incelediği bir konudur. Duygu analizi için konuşma sinyalleri, mimikler, vücut dili, yüz ifadeleri gibi yöntemler kullanılsa da bu yöntemler manipülasyona açık oldukları için biyolojik sinyaller kadar güvenilir sonuçlar vermezler. Bu çalışmada sanal gerçeklik (SG) teknolojisi yardımıyla hazırlanmış, biyoelektriksel bir sinyal olan elektroansefalografi (EEG) sinyalleri ile duygu tanıma için yeni bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Bu yöntemde EEG sinyallerinin alt bantlarının diferansiyel entropi (DE) ve faz kilitleme değeri (FKD) özellikleri, tasarlanan bir boyutlu evrişimsel sinir ağı (1B-ESA) yardımı ile pozitif ve negatif duyguların tanınması için kullanılmıştır. Her iki özellik yardımıyla elde edilen özellik matrisleri on defa teste tâbi tutularak ortalama başarı değerleri elde edilmiştir. Bu testler sonucunda DE ve FKD özellikleri ile en yüksek ortalama başarı puanları, tüm alt bant özellik matrislerinin birleştirilmesi ile sırasıyla %74,0611,41 ve %63,75901,72 olarak elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada elde edilen yüksek frekanstaki sinyal bileşenlerine ait testlerin başarı oranlarının düşük frekans bantlarına göre daha yüksek elde edilmesi daha önce bu alanda yapılan benzer çalışmaların sonuçlarını destekler nitelikte olmuştur.
Reseña Balloffet, Lily Pearl (2020) Argentina in the Global Middle East. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 248 páginas. ISBN 9781503611740
Authors: Valcarcel Mayra Soledad
Published: July 2023

Reseña de Balloffet, Lily Pearl (2020) Argentina in the Global Middle East. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 248 páginas. ISBN 9781503611740
Eficacia y Eventos Adversos de Vacunas contra el SARS CoV-2, autorizadas en los años 2020 y 2021
Authors: Sandoval Olaya Paul
Published: July 2023

El objetivo del artículo es analizar, resumir y presentar las mejores evidencias científicas que demuestran la eficacia y los eventos adversos de vacunas contra el SARS-CoV-2 autorizadas en los años 2020 y 2021, cuyo método utilizado radicó en la búsqueda principalmente en las bases de datos de: PadMed, CDC, EBSCO, Dynamed, y Google Académico, sobre las investigaciones publicadas en estos años, sin restricciones de idioma priorizando el inglés y utilizando los términos "vacuna", "SARS-CoV-2", "Eficacia" "Seguridad" "Efectos Secundarios", incluyendo todos los estudios que determinen la eficacia y eventos adversos de estas vacunas y excluyendo aquellas que analicen las alergias, anafilaxia. Los resultados obtenidos después de recopilar, clasificar y filtrar las investigaciones que determinan la eficacia y eventos adversos de las vacunas de la COVID-19, se concluye que las vacunas autorizadas y utilizadas contra el SARS– CoV-2 son eficaces reduciendo la gravedad de la enfermedad con mínimos eventos adversos.
Girişimci Pazarlamanın İnovasyon Çiftustalığı Üzerine Etkisi: Pazar Türbülansı ve Teknoloji Türbülansının Düzenleyici Rolü
Authors: DEVRAN Burak Buğrahan , HACIOĞLU Güngör
Published: July 2023

Gelişen ve değişen piyasa koşulları ile artan yoğun pazar ve teknoloji türbülansı ortamında firmalar varlığını devam ettirebilme açısından çeşitli yeteneklerini etkin olarak kullanmak zorundadır. Yüksek yoğunlukta türbülans meydana gelen pazar ortamında firmalar müşteri ihtiyacını takip etmekte zorlanmakta aynı zamanda pazardan hızlı bilgiler alamadığı için müşteri taleplerine karşı uygun stratejiler geliştirememektedir. İnovasyon çiftustalığı yani sömürücü ve keşfedici yenilik yetenekleri firmaların pazarda müşteri ihtiyaçlarını keşfetmede önemli bir fayda sağlamaktadır. Firmalar için stratejik bir yönelim olan girişimci pazarlama ise firmaların inovasyon çiftustalığı yeteneklerini dengeli bir şekilde kullanmasına hem teorik hem de stratejik olarak uygun altyapı sağlamaktadır. Tüm bu bilgiler ışığında bu araştırmada firmaların meydana gelen yüksek yoğunlukta pazar türbülansı ve teknoloji türbülansı koşullarında girişimci pazarlamanın inovasyon çiftustalığı yetenekleri üzerinde etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırma Türkiye’de bulunan 87 firma üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda girişimci pazarlamanın yoğun pazar türbülansı ortamında inovasyon çiftustalığı üzerine anlamlı etkisi; yoğun teknoloji türbülansı ortamında keşfedici yenilik üzerinde anlamsız, sömürücü yenilik üzerinde anlamlı etkisi olduğu belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca girişimci pazarlamanın inovasyon çiftustalığının iki boyutu üzerine doğrudan etkisinin de anlamlı olduğu ifade edilmiştir.
ORTA GELİR TUZAĞI ÇERÇEVESİNDE YAKINSAMA HİPOTEZİ: GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER İÇİN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ*
Authors: ÇETİN Emine , ENER Meliha
Published: July 2023

Orta gelir tuzağı, son dönemlerde iktisat literatüründe araştırmacıların önemle üzerinde durdukları bir konudur. Orta gelir tuzağı kavramı, ülkelerin uzun bir süre orta gelir seviyesinde kalıp, bir üst gelir seviyesine geçememesi durumudur. Yakınsama kavramı ise; iktisadi bir değişkenin zaman süreci içerisinde uzun dönemdeki değişimi olarak tanımlanır. Bu hipotez, az gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin zaten gelişmiş olan ülkeleri yakalama sürecinin bir parçası olarak ifade edilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, ele alınan gelişmekte olan ülkelerin 2007-2020 yılları arasındaki gelir seviyelerini dikkate alarak yüksek gelir grubuna yakınsamanın mümkün olup olmadığını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları, Azerbaycan ve Kuzey Makedonya’nın ABD’nin kişi başı gelirine yakınsadığı, diğer kalan 12 ülkenin ise ıraksadıkları belirlenmiştir.
Vergi Açığını Etkileyen Faktörler: Seçilmiş OECD Ülkelerine Yönelik Bir Analiz
Authors: TAŞ Semra , İPEK Selçuk
Published: July 2023

Gerek izlenen vergi politikaları gerekse mükelleflerin vergiye uyumsuz davranmaları sonucunda ortaya çıkan vergi açığı, idarelerin potansiyellerinin altında vergi tahsil etmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda vergi açığı, politika açığı ve uyum açığı şeklinde ele alınmaktadır. Politika açığında hükümetler vergi gelirlerinin bir kısmından esasen kendi iradeleri ile vazgeçmektedirler. Önceden tahmin edilemeyen uyum açığında ise ekonomik, mali, sosyo-psikolojik, yönetsel, siyasal vb. pek çok sebepten dolayı mükellefler vergiye düşük oranda uyum göstermektedirler. Bu yüzden, uyum açığında idare açısından vazgeçilen gelirden ziyade kaybedilen vergi geliri söz konusudur. Ayrıca uyum açığının idarenin etkinsizliğinin bir göstergesi olması, vergi sistemini adaletsiz hale getirmesi, ekonomik-mali politikaların başarısını olumsuz etkilemesi ve sosyal adaletsizliğe yol açması gibi hususlar, vergi açığının tahmin edilmesinin ve azaltılmasının gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çerçevede vergi açığının boyutlarının aşağıya çekilmesi için vergi uyumsuzluğundan kaynaklanan gelir kaybının mümkün olduğunca azaltılması gerekmektedir. Çalışmada vergi açığının tahmin edilerek, mükelleflerin vergileme karşısında tutum ve davranışlarına yön veren ve tahmin edilen bu vergi açığı üzerinde etkili olan potansiyel faktörlerin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç kapsamında öncelikle, verilerin elde edilebilirliği göz önünde bulundurularak seçilmiş 34 OECD ülkesinde 2005 ve 2018 yılları arasındaki vergi açığı tahmin edilmiştir. Tahminler makro yöntemlerden hareketle kayıt dışı ekonomi, gayrisafi yurt içi hasıla ve toplam vergi oranı değişkenleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Vergi açığı tahmin edildikten sonra “ekonomik özgürlükler, enflasyon, gelir dağılımında adalet, hükümet etkinliği, idari kalite ve yolsuzluk algısı” faktörlerinin vergi açığı üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi için panel veri analizi uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda, vergi açığı üzerinde “enflasyon oranı” ve “yolsuzluk algısı” faktörlerinin pozitif yönde anlamlı, “gelir dağılımında adalet”, “hükümet etkinliği” ve “idari kalite” faktörlerinin ise negatif yönde anlamlı etki gösterdikleri saptanmıştır. Buna karşın, “ekonomik özgürlüklerin” vergi açığı üzerindeki etkisinin istatistiki açıdan anlamlı olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
TÜRKİYE’DE ÇEVRECİ TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLAR ARASINDAKİ TUTARSIZLIK SORUNUNUN CİTTASLOW ÜYELİĞİ VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK EKSENİNDE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ARSLAN Fatih , BİLGİLİ Alper
Published: July 2023

Ekolojik krizlerin en temel nedenlerinden bir tanesi, insanın kendisinin de bir parçası olduğu doğaya ve barındırdığı ekosisteme karşı araçsal değer atfetmesi ve etik bir sorumluluk geliştirememesidir. Bu çalışma, insanların öznel çıkarları ve doğanın korunması arasında yaşadıkları etik ikilemin tutarsızlık sorununa yol açtığı ve bunun da ekolojik krize yanıt verme çabalarını olumsuz etkilediği temel varsayımına dayanmaktadır. Bu varsayım ekseninde; bireylerin çevresel tutumları ve davranışları ile bunların karşılıklı ilişkileri, Türkiye’de Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer alan biri ekolojik söyleme sahip Cittaslow üyesi, diğeri üye olmayan iki kentte bir anket yardımıyla karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmektedir. Çalışma, çevre yanlısı tutum ve davranışlar arasında tutarsızlık sorunu olup olmadığını açıklayabilmenin yanında, tutarsızlık problemi (varsa) açısından Cittaslow üyeliğinin herhangi bir farklılık yaratıp yaratmadığını açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma iki kentte, farklı demografik özelliklere (yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim, meslek, gelir durumu) sahip toplam 500 katılımcı ile 2022 yılı Ağustos ve Eylül aylarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin elde edilmesinde, Dunlap ve arkadaşları tarafından 2000 yılında revize edilen Yeni Ekolojik Paradigma (NEP) Ölçeği ve Florian Kaiser’in Genel Ekolojik Davranış Ölçeğinden faydalanılarak oluşturulmuş bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. Analizler IBM SPSS Statistics 25 programında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, Perşembe ve Tirebolu’da çevresel tutum ve davranışlar arasında düşük de olsa tutarsızlığın varlığını kanıtlamıştır. Ancak, Cittaslow üyeliği nedeniyle Perşembe’de tutarsızlığın daha düşük olacağı varsayımı desteklenmemiştir. Yeni Ekolojik Paradigma (NEP), çok güçlü olmasa bile her iki kentte de onaylanmış fakat ekolojik kaygı düzeyinin Tirebolu’da daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, doğa merkezli dünya görüşü, insan merkezlilik karşısında her iki kentte de daha yüksek destek bulmuştur. Çevre koruma derneklerine üyelik ve maddi desteğin, her iki kentte de oldukça zayıf olduğu saptanmıştır.
Isolasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Beberapa Hewan Bahari
Authors: Valensia Rika , Hartati Hajar , Hermawan Khamairah Azzahrawaani
Published: July 2023

Biota laut merupakan suatu bahan alam baik hewan maupun tumbuhan yang biasanya tersebar di lautan dan memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kehidupan salah satunya dibidang kesehatan karena mengandung senyawa metabolit yang memilki efek farmakologi. Tujuan review artikel ini dibuat untuk mengetahui senyawa metabolit sekunder pada beberapa hewan bahari melalui proses isolasi sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bidang kesehatan. Metode review artikel ini adalah tinjauan literatur yang bersumber pada pencarian database seperti google scholar. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada beberapa hewan bahari melalui serangkaian proses isolasi menunjukan bahwa senyawa alkaloid dapat ditemukan pada teripang pasir Holothuria scabra, spons Stylotella sp., dan karang laut Sarcophyton sp,, sedangkan untuk senyawa terpenoid bisa didapatkan pada spons Petrosia sp.
Efektivitas Senyawa Antioksidan dalam Saffron (Crocus Sativus L)
Authors: Zakiyah Wildani , Fauziah Anisa , Farikha Siti , Nurlaela Nurlaela , Sakina Irene Virda , Saula Lely Sulfiani
Published: July 2023

Crocus sativus L atau dikenal di masyarakat sebagai saffron atau kuma-kuma yang berasal dari marga crocus dengan famili iridaceae. Kandungan utama di dalam saffron yaitu Crocin, Crocetin, Picrococin, dan safranal yang memiliki khasiat sebagai anti kanker, anti inflamasi, dan anti artritis. Kandungan antioksidan yang ada pada saffron diantaranya adalah senyawa fenolik dan karotenoid. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan review artikel ini adalah pengumpulan literatur dari sumber jurnal yang ada yang berkaitan dengan safron (Crocus Sativus L), dimana pencarian literature jurnal yang bersumber dari Google, google scholar, libgen, dan pubmed. Pengujian antioksidan saffron menggunakan sel A549, crocin, dimethylcrocetin, crocetin, dan crocin. Selain iu ada pula apocarotenoid, cocetin, safranal. Eksrak saffron secara in vitro diuji dengan konsentrasi 200-2000 microgram/ml dapat menurunkan viabilitas sel MCF-7 dengan dosis waktu IC50 400 +/- 18,5 mikrog / ml setelah 48 jam.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Daun Kopasanda (Chromolaena Odorata L.) terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Fitrianti Lisa , Oktavilantika Dina Melia
Published: July 2023

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Jerawat atau lebih dikenal dengan acne vulgaris merupakan suatu penyakit peradangan kronik dari unit pilosebasea yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Tanaman kopasanda mengandung senyawa kimia tanin, fenol, flavonoid, saponin, dan steroid yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari krim daun kopasanda terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan mengetahui sifat fisik sediaan krim pada hari ke 1 dan ke 14. Metode: Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri sediaan krim dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Krim diformulasikan menjadi F1 (ekstrak 7,5%), F2 (ekstrak 10%), F3 (ekstrak 12,5%) dengan kontrol positif gel klindamisin 1% dan basis krim sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil: Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri krim menunjukan semua formula memberikan daya hambat terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acne kecuali kontrol negatif (basis krim). Krim dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 12,5% memberikan diameter zona hambat yang paling besar. Hasil pengujian krim setelah penyimpanan 14 hari tidak menujukan perubahan yang bermakna karena krim masih memiliki sifat fisik yang baik dan tetap menujukan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acne.

Kata kunci : Antibakteri, Ekstrak daun kopasanda, Krim dan Propionibacterium acnes
Perbandingan Efisiensi Sintesis Senyawa 1,2-Difenil-4-Trifluorometil-3,5-Pirazolidindion dengan Teknik Refluks dan Radiasi Microwave
Authors: Anugrah Rina , Sukmadewi Maharani , Rahmayanti Rima , Mardatillah Athina , Suryasaputra Dadan
Published: July 2023

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Senyawa 1,2-difenil-4-trifluorometil-3,5-pirazolidindion merupakan senyawa turunan 5-pirazolidindion yang berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara in silico berpotensi sebagai inhibitor selektif COX-2. Tujuan dan Metode: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efisiensi sintesis senyawa 1,2-difenil-4-trifluorometil-3,5-pirazolidindion dengan teknik refluks dan teknik radiasi microwave. Sintesis senyawa dilakukan dengan mereaksikan senyawa 1,3-dietil- 2-trifluorometil-propandioat dengan hidrazobenzen dalam pelarut metanol dalam kondisi asam (HCl). Hasil: Hasil sintesis diperoleh senyawa berbentuk serbuk hablur berwarna ungu kebiruan (teknik refluks) dan berwarna ungu keabuan (teknik radiasi microwave). Bobot hasil sintesis senyawa dengan teknik refluks adalah 1,239±0,005 g dan dengan teknik radiasi microwave adalah 2,306±0,007 g. Ada perbedaan secara bermakna antara bobot hasil sintesis senyawa dengan teknik refluks dan teknik radiasi microwave (t hitung > t tabel, P = 0,99). Berdasarkan hasil KLT, senyawa hasil sintesis dengan teknik radiasi microwave lebih murni (satu bercak) dibandingkan dengan teknik refluks (tiga bercak). Berdasarkan pemantauan dengan spektrofotometri UV dan Inframerah, ada kemiripan bentuk spektrum senyawa hasil sintesis dengan teknik refluks (λmaks 290,9 nm) dan teknik radiasi microwave (λmaks 288,3 nm). Simpulan: Sintesis senyawa dengan teknik radiasi microwave lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan teknik refluks.

Kata Kunci : 1,2-difenil-4-trifluorometil-3,5-pirazolidindion, sintesis, refluks, radiasi microwave
Component policies for the formation of the contingent of applicants as a tool for ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural universities
Authors: Ibatullin Marat , Trusova Natalia , Hryvkivska Oksana
Published: July 2023

Introduction. A feature of the modern stage of development of the organizational and economic system of the country's food supply is the overcoming of restraining factors, the influence of which can be controlled with the help of purposeful actions on the processes of its formation. Similar measures at the national and regional levels should be implemented within the framework of the concept of development of the food supply system, which provides for: substantiation of the goals, tasks and parameters of the food system; determining the amount of need for food resources; prospects for the territorial placement of agricultural production, its processing and bringing it up to the level of food resources.
Goal. On the basis of the conducted research, propose recommendations for improving the conceptual foundations of the organizational and economic regulation of the food market.
Method (methodology). To implement the tasks, the following methods and techniques were used: monographic, comparison - to compare economic phenomena in different time periods in order to identify a cause-and-effect relationship, to conduct a comparative analysis of the development of the food market; abstract and logical - when substantiating hypotheses regarding the production and consumption of agricultural products and food.
Results. It has been proven that the practical implementation of conceptual approaches to the organizational and economic regulation of the food market is possible only under the condition of creating an appropriate system of strategic management and operational tactical adjustment of the implementation of the decisions made. This requires the creation of such an organizational and economic mechanism that will take into account the specifics of industries, the variability of factors that determine economic dynamics and market conditions, and will have the following main blocks: financial and economic, organizational and informational, personnel and legal.
Possibilities of applying the concept of an entrepreneurial state to ensure structural and innovative transformations during the post-war recovery of Ukraine's economy
Authors: Kindzerskyi Yurii
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Ukraine is faced with the acute problem of overcoming the significant economic and technological lag behind the developed countries of the world, caused both by the poor economic policy carried out in previous decades, and by the catastrophic losses of the national economy due to the unleashed war of the russian federation against Ukraine. At the government level, recipes for post-war economic recovery, as in the pre-war period, do not go beyond the neoliberal mainstream. At the same time, in the national scientific discussion, in view of the considerable global experience of developing successful economies, the question of the key role of the state in the development of the country is increasingly being raised. In this regard, the study of the concept of the entrepreneurial state, which was formed in theory and implemented in practice in the most advanced cranes of the world, deserves special attention in order to establish the possibilities of its application to ensure the reconstruction of Ukraine on a qualitatively new basis.
Purpose. To reveal the main provisions of the concept of an entrepreneurial state, to outline the features and possibilities of its application in Ukraine to ensure catch-up development and structural and innovative transformations during the post-war recovery of the economy.
Results. The basics of the concept of an entrepreneurial state, according to which the state behaves as a venture investor, is the main actor in the initiation, development and support of fundamentally new, breakthrough and revolutionary scientific and technical developments and technologies throughout the entire innovation cycle, which lay the foundation for a new technical and economic the paradigm of social development and the structure of the economy, form new markets that would never have been created by private business alone due to the uncertainty factor of future innovations. The entrepreneurial state primarily sets broad social and economic goals, involves society and business on a partnership and horizontal network basis to identify problems and determine the directions of transformations, and systematically forms an institutional and regulatory environment for this. Attention is drawn to the possibilities, features and differences from developed countries in the application of this concept for the post-war recovery of Ukraine are revealed.
Public-private partnership in foreign economic activity: main trends in development and recommendations for assessment
Authors: Kuzmin Oleh , Pyroh Olha , Tomych Marianna , Doroshkevych Kateryna
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Public-private partnership (PPP) is considered as the interaction of the state and business structures - subjects of economic activity of Ukraine and foreign subjects of economic activity (also subjects of economic activity of Ukraine with foreign countries), which is one of the conditions for attracting the necessary investment resources, increasing innovative activity in the national economy, development of economic and social infrastructure, solving economic, social and environmental problems, etc.
Purpose. Taking into account the trends in the number of PPP projects in foreign economic activity in Ukraine and the world, their financing, areas of implementation, geographical localization, the article should provide a quantitative assessment of data characterizing the state and level of implementation of PPP projects in foreign economic activity, obtained after performing mathematical operations.
Method (methodology). The article uses theoretical generalization, analysis, synthesis, statistical methods of data processing, etc. This ensured the analysis of literary sources, the formation of a system of indicators intended for assessing the state of PPPs in foreign economic activity and its practical approval.
Results. The article recommends a system of indicators, which includes: the growth rate of the number of PPP projects in foreign economic activity, the average base (chain) growth rate of the number of PPP projects in foreign economic activity, the growth rate of the number of PPP projects in foreign economic activity, the average base (chain) rate increase in the number of PPP projects in foreign economic activity, the level of implementation of PPP projects in foreign economic activity, etc. For each of the recommended indicators, the method of calculation is indicated depending on the selected strategy of interaction of PPP subjects in foreign economic activity. With their use, an assessment of PPP in foreign economic activity was carried out based on the study of PPP projects implemented by Davydivska OTG. Based on the results of the assessment, conclusions were drawn regarding the trend in the implementation of PPP projects in the foreign economic activity of Davydivska OTG.