bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating Group-Specific Models of Hospital Workers’ Well-Being: Implications for Algorithmic Bias
Authors: Ravuri Vinesh , Paromita Projna , Mundnich Karel , Nadarajan Amrutha , Booth Brandon M. , Narayanan Shrikanth S. , Chaspari Theodora
Published: April 2021

Hospital workers often experience burnout due to the demanding job responsibilities and long work hours. Data yielding from ambulatory monitoring combined with machine learning algorithms can afford us a better understanding of the naturalistic processes that contribute to this burnout. Motivated by the challenges related to the accurate tracking of well-being in real-life, prior work has investigated group-specific machine learning (GS-ML) models that are tailored to groups of participants. We examine a novel GS-ML for estimating well-being from real-life multimodal measures collected in situ from hospital workers. In contrast to the majority of prior work that uses pre-determined clustering criteria, we propose an iterative procedure that refines participant clusters based on the representations learned by the GS-ML models. Motivated by prior work that highlights the differential impact of job demands on well-being, we further explore the participant clusters in terms of demography and job-related attributes. Results indicate that the GS-ML models mostly outperform general models in estimating well-being constructs. The GS-ML models further depict different degrees of predictive power for each participant cluster, as distinguished upon age, education, occupational role, and number of supervisees. The observed discrepancies with respect to the GS-ML model decisions are discussed in association with algorithmic bias.
Tense De Morgan S4-algebras
Authors: Segura Cecilia
Published: April 2021

In [Tense operators on De Morgan algebras, Log. J. IGPL 22(2) (2014) 255–267], Figallo and Pelaitay introduced the notion of tense operators on De Morgan algebras. Also, other notions of tense operators on De Morgan algebras were given by Chajda and Paseka in [De Morgan algebras with tense operators, J. Mult.-Valued Logic Soft Comput. 1 (2017) 29–45; The Poset-based logics for the De Morgan negation and set representation of partial dynamic De Morgan algebras, J. Mult.-Valued Logic Soft Comput. 31(3) (2018) 213–237; Set representation of partial dynamic De Morgan algebras, in 2016 IEEE 46th Int. Symp. Multiple-Valued Logic (IEEE Computer Society, 2016), pp. 119–124]. In this paper, we introduce a new notion of tense operators on De Morgan algebras and define the class of tense De Morgan [Formula: see text]-algebras. The main purpose of this paper is to give a discrete duality for tense De Morgan [Formula: see text]-algebras. To do this, we will extend the discrete duality given in [W. Dzik, E. Orłowska and C. van Alten, Relational Representation Theorems for Lattices with Negations: A Survey, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (2006), pp. 245–266], for De Morgan algebras.
Four-quadrant visualization of systemic circulatory equilibrium: right ventricular failure after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Maeda Shusaku , Asanoi Hidetsugu , Toda Koichi , Miyagawa Shigeru , Yoshikawa Yasushi , Hata Hiroki , Yoshioka Daisuke , Kainuma Satoshi , Igeta Masataka , Sawa Yoshiki
Published: April 2021

Systemic circulatory dynamics are regulated by various negative feedback systems, including cardiac, arterial, venous, and renal functions, as well as autonomic nervous systems. The present novel four-quadrant presentation of their functions allows clear visualization of dynamic organ-to-organ interactions that can lead to a new circulatory equilibrium after therapeutic intervention. This new system physiological framework can serve as a useful guide for prompt and optimal management of circulatory malfunction.
The Level of Regional Economic Development, Green Image, and Enterprise Environmental Protection Investment: Empirical Evidence from China
Authors: Gan Quanxin , Yang Liu , Liu Jin , Cheng Xiaofan , Qin Han , Su Jiafu , Xia Weiyi
Published: April 2021

Does green image impact enterprise environmental protection investment? How does the green image affect enterprise environmental protection investment? In order to solve the above problems, this paper uses an empirical analysis to explore the relationship among regional economic development level, green image, and enterprise environmental protection investment based on the empirical data of A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2007 to 2015 in China. The research results show that good green image has a positive role to promote enterprise environmental protection investment, and regional economic development level partially mediates green image and enterprise environmental protection investment. The article confirms that a good green image can send positive signals to stakeholders and increase their loyalty and satisfaction with the enterprise’s products or services. The level of regional economic development provides opportunities for the green development of enterprises. With the improvement in the level of regional economic development, stakeholders’ awareness of environmental protection has increased, and they have become more sensitive to enterprise environmental protection investment behaviors. The research results also show that the environmental awareness of corporate stakeholders plays an important role in actively fulfilling, and it provides new ideas for companies to conduct production and management in a green-oriented model.
Synesthetic Design of Digital Elderly Products Based on Big Data
Authors: Li Shan
Published: April 2021

With the development of digital information technology, digital products have been integrated into people’s lives. The advent of the era of big data and the application of artificial intelligence have greatly accelerated this process. However, the increasingly high‐end technology of these digital products brings more and more complex operations. The use and operation of these digital products have become a huge problem for the elderly who have a low level of acceptance of digital products or even a little out of touch. The purpose of this article is to study the influence of synesthetic design of digital senior products based on big data on the development of digital senior products. This article first understands the current problems in the development of digital elderly products and the design concepts and design processes of these digital elderly products through questionnaire surveys and market research. Then, this article analyzes the importance of synesthesia design for digital product design for the elderly through literature research and related product design cases. Then, this article combines the application of big data technology and complex intelligent system to carry out the synesthesia design of digital elderly products, the most important of which is to use the image recognition technology of complex intelligent system and intelligent voice interaction technology to achieve the synesthesia effect of these product designs. Finally, this paper uses the mathematical model of maximum utility and some statistical methods to analyze the effect of the product synesthesia design experiment in this research. Studies have shown that synesthesia design can maximize the utility of digital products for the elderly. This result is more than 95% confident in statistical analysis. Therefore, synesthesia design plays an important role in the popularization and development of digital elderly products in the elderly consumer groups.
Composite Curve Path following an Underactuated AUV
Authors: Li Ben , Xu Guohua , Xia Yingkai , Wang Wenjin , Su Zhen
Published: April 2021

This paper addresses the problem of composite curve path following for an underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle by utilizing an adaptive integral line-of-sight (AILOS) guidance and nonlinear iterative sliding mode (NISM) controller. First, the composite curve path is parametrized by a common scalar variable in a continuous way. Then, the kinematics error of an underactuated vehicle is described based on the nonprojection Frenet–Serret frame with a virtual point, which can be eliminated by the virtual point control and AILOS guidance. Meanwhile, the subpath switching algorithm is studied to realize the global path following for the composite curve path. Besides, the NISM controller is cascaded with the AILOS guidance law, and the cascade structure proved to be globally

κ

-exponentially stable under the influence of slow time-varying currents. Finally, simulations are considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed composite curve path following control scheme.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediated Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Foam Cell Formation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Src and Sirt1/3 Pathway
Authors: Chen Zhongli , Xue Qiqi , Cao Lijuan , Wang Yanpin , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiaojie , Xiao Fan , Yang Ying , Hayden Melvin R. , Liu Yan , Yang Ke
Published: April 2021

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induced a foam-cell-like phenotype of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to the inflammatory responses incorporating Toll-like receptor- (Tlr-) mediated cellular alterations. However, the role of Tlr4 in foam cell formation and underlying molecular pathways has not been comprehensively elucidated. To further investigate the mechanism, VSMCs were incubated with different doses of oxLDL, and then, the lipid, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, Tlr family genes, and the foam cell phenotype were explored. We observed that oxLDL induced foam cell-like phenotype in VSMCs and led to lipid and ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in the Tlr family, Tlr4 demonstrated the strongest upregulation under oxLDL stimulation. Simultaneously, oxLDL induced activation of Src, higher expression of Nox2, and lower expression of Mnsod, Sirt1, and Sirt3. By interfering the TLR4 expression, the phenotype alteration, lipid accumulation in VSMCs, and Src kinase activation induced by oxLDL were abolished. After interfering Src activation, the oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation and foam cell phenotype in VSMCs were also alleviated. Furthermore, the ROS accumulation, upregulated Nox2 expression, downregulated Sirt1, Sirt3, and Mnsod expression in VSMCs under oxLDL stimulation were also relieved after the knockdown of Tlr4. Additionally, overexpression of Sirt1 and Sirt3 ameliorated the ROS accumulation and foam cell-like marker expression in VSMCs. These results demonstrated that beyond its familiar role in regulating inflammation response, Tlr4 is a critical regulator in oxLDL-induced foam cell formation in VSMCs via regulating Src kinase activation as well as Sirt1 and Sirt3 expression.
Investigation and Control of the Blasting‐Induced Ground Vibration under Cold Condition
Authors: Hu Yingguo , Yang Zhaowei , Yao Erlei , Liu Meishan , Rao Yu
Published: April 2021

This paper focuses on the investigation and control of the blasting‐induced ground vibration under cold condition. The mechanical performance and wave propagation characteristics of the frozen rock mass are quite different from that of the conventional condition. Laboratory tests were implemented to investigate the wave impedance of rock mass in the frozen, saturated, normal, and drying states. Results reveal the longitudinal wave velocity could be enlarged by 40 percent in the frozen state. Then long‐term monitoring of blasting vibration was implemented based on the blasting excavation of the Fengman hydropower station reconstruction project in the north of China. Results demonstrate the PPV and frequency both attenuate much slower when the rock mass is frozen, and the obvious turning points of PPV could be found between different temperatures, where the change of the PPV relationship happens. At last, numerical simulation of the blasting seismic wave attenuation and the response in the protected structure was implemented. The equivalent freezing simulation method was proposed and verified with the site experiment data. Results demonstrate that the attenuation coefficient decreases obviously as the frozen depth of the rock mass increases. The dynamic degree response in structure is much stronger and the maximum charge weight per delay was limited more strictly under the frozen condition. A most adverse frozen depth was determined when the charge weight per delay gets the minimum value. With the above control approaches, a total of 676 blasting was completed in Fengman hydropower station reconstruction and no case of excessive measurement could be found.
The Relationship between Diagenetic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Charge in Deep Tight Reservoirs: A Case Study from Kepingtage Formation of S9 Well Block in Tarim Basin
Authors: Qi Yukai , Lin Huixi , Zhang Fushun , Zhu Xiuxiang , Hu Hanwen , Zhou Bo , Wei Qing
Published: April 2021

The Silurian Kepingtage Formation of Tarim Basin is an important deep clastic reservoir. Exploration practice shows that the reservoirs are generally characterized by extremely low porosity and permeability, exhibiting strong mineral composition and physical property heterogeneities. The study of heterogeneity and its effect on oil charge is of great significance to the understanding of oil migration and accumulation in such reservoirs and thus is crucial to oil exploration. Therefore, based on identification and quantitative statistics of thin sections, SEM, and homogenization temperature measurements, this study was designed to examine the relationship between diagenetic evolution and oil emplacement in the Silurian Kepingtage Formation in S9 Block in Tarim Basin. The control of differential diagenesis and physical property evolution on oil charge process are discussed. It is found that the sandstones with fine grain size and high content of ductile grains (>20%) have experienced strong mechanical compaction, the porosity decreases rapidly in the early stage of burial. The densification process has been completed before the first period of oil charge so that no oil was found in the reservoir. In contrast, sandstones with relatively coarse grain size and low ductile grain content have better porosity and permeability properties, which are generally oil-bearing. This kind of sandstone generally experienced two periods of oil charge. Apart from moderate compaction, multiple diagenesis events were also observed, including quartz cementation, calcite cementation, and dissolution. Before the early period of oil charge, the diagenesis events are dominated by moderate compaction, chlorite cementation, and dissolution, and the reservoir property is still high. It seems that the time of late period oil charge is relatively long. With the growth of multiple types of authigenic minerals such as quartz, calcite, and illite after or sometimes synchronously occurred with the late period oil charge, the porosity gradually decreases.
Effect of Verapamil, an L‐Type Calcium Channel Inhibitor, on Caveolin‐3 Expression in Septic Mouse Hearts
Authors: Rattis Bruna A. C. , Freitas Ana C. , Oliveira Jordana F. , Calandrini-Lima João L. A. , Figueiredo Maria J. , Soave Danilo F. , Ramos Simone G. , Celes Mara R. N.
Published: April 2021

Sepsis‐induced myocardial dysfunction considerably increases mortality risk in patients with sepsis. Previous studies from our group have shown that sepsis alters the expression of structural proteins in cardiac cells, resulting in cardiomyocyte degeneration and impaired communication between cardiac cells. Caveolin‐3 (CAV3) is a structural protein present in caveolae, located in the membrane of cardiac muscle cells, which regulates physiological processes such as calcium homeostasis. In sepsis, there is a disruption of calcium homeostasis, which increases the concentration of intracellular calcium, which can lead to the activation of potent cellular enzymes/proteases which cause severe cellular injury and death. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypotheses that sepsis induces CAV3 overexpression in the heart, and the regulation of L‐type calcium channels directly relates to the regulation of CAV3 expression. Severe sepsis increases the expression of CAV3 in the heart, as immunostaining in our study showed CAV3 presence in the cardiomyocyte membrane and cytoplasm, in comparison with our control groups (without sepsis) that showed CAV3 presence predominantly in the plasma membrane. The administration of verapamil, an L‐type calcium channel inhibitor, resulted in a decrease in mortality rates of septic mice. This effect was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of CAV3 and attenuation of cardiac lesions in septic mice treated with verapamil. Our results indicate that CAV3 has a vital role in cardiac dysfunction development in sepsis and that the regulation of L‐type calcium channels may be related to its expression.
A Nomogram Model that Predicts the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xi Chunfeng , Wang Caimei , Rong Guihong , Deng Jinhuan
Published: April 2021

Objective. To construct a novel nomogram model that predicts the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) incidence in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. Questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, routine blood tests, and biochemical index evaluations were conducted on 1095 patients with T2DM from Guilin. A least absolute contraction selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to screen out DN risk factors. A logistic regression analysis incorporating the screened risk factors was used to establish a predictive nomogram model. The performance of the nomogram model was evaluated using the C-index, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plots, and a decision curve analysis. Bootstrapping was applied for internal validation. Results. Independent predictors for DN incidence risk included gender, age, hypertension, medicine use, duration of diabetes, body mass index, blood urea nitrogen level, serum creatinine level, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and red blood cell distribution width. The nomogram model exhibited moderate prediction ability with a C-index of 0.819 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.783–0.853) and an AUC of 0.813 (95%CI: 0.778–0.848). The C-index from internal validation reached 0.796 (95%CI: 0.763–0.829). The decision curve analysis displayed that the DN risk nomogram was clinically applicable when the risk threshold was between 1 and 83%. Conclusion. Our novel and simple nomogram containing 10 factors may be useful in predicting DN incidence risk in T2DM patients.
Optimization Analysis of Engine Intake System Based on Coupling Matlab-Simulink with GT-Power
Authors: Jiang Feng , Li Minghai , Wen Jiayan , Tan Zedan , Zhou Wenyun
Published: April 2021

In the work, the suitable volumetric efficiency is very important for the gasoline engine to achieve the aim of energy-saving and emission reduction. Thus, the intake system characteristics, such as intake manifold length, diameter, volumetric efficiency, and valve phase, should be investigated in detail. In order to investigate the performance optimization of the engine intake system, an optimization model of the engine intake system is developed by the GT-Power coupled with Matlab-Simulink and validated by the experimental results under the different conditions at full load. The engine power-, torque-, and brake-specific fuel consumption are defined as the result variables of the optimization model, and the length and diameter of the intake manifold are defined as the independent variables of the model. The results show that the length of intake manifold has little influence on the engine power and BSFC, and the length of intake manifold has a great impact on the performance index at high speed. In addition, the engine volumetric efficiency is the highest when the length of intake manifold is in the range of 240 and 250 mm. The engine BSFC improved by variable valve timing is significant compared with the original result. Finally, the improvement suggestions for the performance enhancement of the gasoline engine are proposed.
Perioperative Application of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in an Elderly Patient with Mirror-Image Dextrocardia and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Zhang Lu , Bai Ming , Xu Ji-zhe , Jiang Ga-xue , Deng Ai-yun , Zhang Zheng
Published: April 2021

Mirror-image dextrocardia is non-life-threatening but not commonly diagnosed in the clinic. With the internal organs reversed, most of the patients with mirror-image dextrocardia have no clinical symptoms if the dextrocardia is not combined with other intracardiac malformations. Mirror-image dextrocardia is often discovered during other physical check or performing other examinations. In the present study, we reported a successful closure of a left atrial appendage in an 84-year-old patient with mirror-image dextrocardia with atrial fibrillation under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Detailed perioperative steps of patient procedure description and TEE monitoring were described in this report.
Noninvasive Analysis Using Data‐Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry: New Epidermal Proteins That Reveal Sex Differences in the Aging Process
Authors: Chen Shirui , Zhang Hui , Liu Mengting , Wang Yaochi , Xin Cong , Ma Jing , Zheng Xiaodong , Zhang Xuejun , Sun Liangdan , Yang Sen
Published: April 2021

The development of mass spectrometry has provided a method with extremely high sensitivity and selectivity that can be used to identify protein biomarkers. Epidermal proteins, lipids, and cornified envelopes are involved in the formation of the skin epidermal barrier. The epidermal protein composition changes with age. Therefore, quantitative proteomic changes may be indicative of skin aging. We sought to utilize data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry for noninvasive analysis of epidermal proteins in healthy Chinese individuals of different age groups and sexes. In our study, we completed high‐throughput protein detection, analyzed protein differences with MaxQuant software, and performed statistical analyses of the proteome. We obtained interesting findings regarding ceruloplasmin (CP), which exhibited significant differences and is involved in ferroptosis, a signaling pathway significantly associated with aging. There were also several proteins that differed between sexes in the younger group, but the sex differences disappeared with aging. These proteins, which were associated with both aging processes and sex differences, are involved in signaling pathways such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, and genomic stability and can serve as candidate biomarkers for sex differences during aging. Our approach for noninvasive detection of epidermal proteins and its application to accurately quantify protein expression can provide ideas for future epidermal proteomics studies.
Uma análise comparativa do carnaval de Salvador e do “Pequeno Brasil”- Quelimane
Authors: Reis Elielba Nascimento , Ferrão Luís Jorge Manuel António
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo pretende comparar o Carnaval de Salvador com o carnaval da cidade de Quelimane, capital da Zambézia, em Moçambique, que ao decorrer do tempo ganhou visibilidade devido às características brasileiras como o carro alegórico, músicas, desfiles, máscaras e principalmente os protestos para com as falhas do governo, entre outros assuntos. Entretanto, é importante ressaltar que ambos os países foram colonizados por Portugal, dessa forma compreendemos que o carnaval não tem apenas a sua origem europeia, cujos festejos eram celebrados em clubes fechados, salões, mas que no decorrer do tempo se tornou uma manifestação popular. E, em África, também se notabilizaram as festas pagãs de carnaval.
Maracatu: uma marca cultural ibero-ásio-afro-ameríndia no carnaval do nordeste
Authors: Prudente Celso Luiz , Martinho Neudson Johnson , Silva Darcilene Célia
Published: April 2021

O artigo demonstra que o Carnaval brasileiro tem origem no ocidentalismo caucasiano, ibérico e europeu. Iniciou com a violência dos ataques dos entrudos, que teve como ápice o ato de atirar sapatos nas visitas, fezes e urinas nos escravos que passavam. Isso era feito nos sobrados pelas moças recatadas das famílias patriarcais. Esse comportamento violento é amenizado com a influência francesa do confete e da serpentina, que foram trazidos pela missão francesa no início do século XIX. Isso foi amenizado, mas não superado, considerando que o sentido de ataque permaneceu no ato de atirar o confete e a serpentina nos dançantes de salão. A humanização no processo carnavalesco aconteceu somente com a pedagogia comunicacional do maracatu, oposta à violência caucasiana e considerada o mais antigo folguedo rural negro. Assim os negros incorporaram no Carnaval a corporalidade lúdico-músico-gregária de solidariedade comunal dos seus rituais.
Representações, representatividades e dismorfias: midiatização das identidades
Authors: Ferreira Ricardo Alexino
Published: April 2021

“Representações” e “representatividades” não são palavras sinônimas, mas trazem a problematização dos negros e de outros grupos das diversidades em suas interseções com a mídia. Este artigo procura conceituar os termos e demonstrar as diferenças de entendimentos entre o discurso científico e o da militância. Atualmente, representatividades têm sido amplamente faladas e positivadas, principalmente em produtos midiáticos. Alguns grupos sociais negros consideram que o simples fato de haver protagonistas negros em mídias, uma maioria de atores negros em uma obra ou apresentadores negros em telejornais, já seria suficiente para falar em representatividade. Por outro lado, o termo representação, tido como linhas de pesquisa desde o final dos anos 1980, tem sido reelaborado e desenvolvido em um campo epistemológico que possibilita entender os fenômenos étnico-sociais, desconstruindo e reconstruindo o termo representatividade, colocando-o em um contexto mais crítico.
O humanismo negro, sua cultura e o carnaval
Authors: Cotrim Ivan
Published: April 2021

Focamos neste artigo a produção artística musical negra, resgatando momentos de erudição musical negra, no Brasil escravista, e destacando o samba e o carnaval, como centro de criação e produção negra a partir do período republicano. Pretendemos demonstrar o potencial artístico, intelectual negro, sua generidade humana, expressos na sua capacitação e produção, que elevou uma simples festividade carnavalesca ao reconhecimento internacional do país por meio desse evento.
Dança dos mascarados: resistência e elegância de movimentos
Authors: Amaral Ivoneides Maria , Moreira Benedito Dielcio
Published: April 2021

Apresentamos neste texto a trajetória da Dança dos Mascarados de Poconé, em Mato Grosso. O grupo dos Mascarados mantém-se atuante no resgate das tradições pantaneiras há mais de um século, sempre se reorganizando e enfrentando as dificuldades que a maioria dos grupos populares enfrenta para manter vivas as tradições culturais. Dentre seus adereços, ressaltamos o uso da máscara, objeto de valor ritualístico que permeia a dança, além da elegância e força atratora dos movimentos. Como ocorre em todo país, em Mato Grosso as manifestações folclóricas representativas da cultura popular estão distantes da prioridade nos investimentos governamentais. Trata-se de um estudo sobre o enfrentamento da cultura popular e a modernidade.
El carnaval en los Andes: una aproximación a la fertilidad de sus sentidos
Authors: Chamorro Pérez Andrea
Published: April 2021

A partir de la revisión de estudios etnográficos y etnohistóricos referidos a la celebración de carnavales rurales y urbanos en el área surandina, caracterizo y contrasto sus prácticas y representaciones a fin de establecer similitudes y diferencias en cuanto a las orientaciones del carnaval europeo, problematizando su comprensión como una performance que ha sido resignificada por las sociedades indígenas y mestizas andinas permitiéndoles “preservar y re-existir” como colectivos y subjetividades. A la luz de estos sentidos, aludo al carnaval andino “Inti Ch’amampi, con la Fuerza del Sol” que se celebra en la ciudad de Arica (Chile) como ejemplo de una “entrada folklórica” cuya estructura procesional es comprendida como una plataforma pública en la que las colectividades aymara han podido visibilizarse a nivel local, nacional e internacional como una communitas translocal y transfronteriza que posee recursos y sentidos propios.
Análisis crítico del manuscrito El Cacique de Andacollo, de Pablo Galleguillos (1931)
Authors: Mühlenbrock Rafael Contreras , Romero Rafael González , Hernández Daniel González
Published: April 2021

El siguiente ensayo analiza críticamente el manuscrito El Cacique de Andacollo, escrito en 1931 por el historiador chileno don Pablo Galleguillos, documento que permaneció casi un siglo en manos familiares pero desconocido para la comunidad científica, siendo recientemente publicado en la reedición de una compilación sobre el autor. Se realiza al inicio una brevísima revisión de los antecedentes bibliográficos que existen sobre el tema central tratado por el manuscrito original, para, en la sección siguiente, analizar críticamente el texto a partir de una revisión de sus partes y contenidos principales, de la motivación del autor y del tema central del escrito, vinculando críticamente este importante manuscrito con el mapa de fuentes y estudios de referencias disciplinarias sobre la producción escritural y las formas lectoras en la transición del siglo XIX al XX.
Over-Expression of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Attenuates Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ghosh Siddhartha S. , Wang Jing , Yannie Paul J. , Cooper Remy C. , Sandhu Yashnoor K. , Kakiyama Genta , Korzun William J. , Ghosh Shobha
Published: April 2021

Rationale:

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is secreted by enterocytes and is present on the apical surface. It not only detoxifies bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the gut lumen and limits intestinal inflammation but also restricts translocation of LPS into systemic circulation. Diet-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and subsequent development of metabolic endotoxemia seen in diabetes and heart disease is associated with reduced IAP levels. To examine the direct effects of increased IAP expression on barrier function and development of metabolic diseases, we developed intestine-specific IAP transgenic mice (IAP
Tg
) overexpressing human chimeric IAP.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intestine-specific IAP overexpression on Western-type diet (WD)–induced atherosclerosis in Ldlr
−/
−
mice.

Methods and Results:

IAP
Tg
mice crossed into Ldlr
−/−
background (Ldlr
−/−
IAP
Tg
) and Ldlr
−/−
littermates were fed WD for 16 weeks. Intestinal barrier dysfunction was assessed by monitoring plasma LPS levels and histological examination of colon. Overexpression of IAP attenuated WD-induced disruption of the colonic mucous layer, reducing intestinal barrier dysfunction and plasma LPS levels. Significant reduction in body, liver, and adipose tissue weight was also seen in WD-fed Ldlr
−/−
IAP
Tg
mice. Plasma and hepatic lipids were also significantly reduced in WD-fed Ldlr
−/−
IAP
Tg
mice. Consistently, intestinal lipid absorption was attenuated in Ldlr
−/−
IAP
Tg
mice with reduced expression of apical lipid transporters (CD [cluster of differentiation] 36, FATP4 [fatty acid transport protein 4], and NPC1L1 [Niemann-Pick C-like protein 1]) and intracellular lipid transport proteins (FABP [fatty acid binding protein] 1/2 and SCP2 [sterol carrier protein-2]). Attenuation of WD-induced atherosclerosis in Ldlr
−/−
IAP
Tg
mice was demonstrated by significant reduction in arch and total aortic lesions as seen by enface analyses, as well as significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions in the ascending aorta of these mice.

Conclusions:

IAP overexpression improves intestinal barrier function by maintaining the integrity of the mucin layer in WD-fed Ldlr
−/−
IAP
Tg
mice and attenuates intestinal lipid absorption. Thus, by limiting translocation of gut-derived LPS or reducing plasma lipids, overexpression of IAP attenuates development of WD-induced atherosclerosis.
Genetically Proxied Inhibition of Coagulation Factors and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Burgess Stephen , Laffan Mike , Mason Amy M. , Dichgans Martin , Gill Dipender , Larsson Susanna C.
Published: April 2021

Background

We conducted Mendelian randomization analyses investigating the linear associations of genetically proxied inhibition of different coagulation factors with risk of common cardiovascular diseases.

Methods and Results

Genetic instruments proxying coagulation factor inhibition were identified from genome‐wide association studies for activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time in BioBank Japan (up to 58 110 participants). Instruments were identified for 9 coagulation factors (fibrinogen alpha, beta, and gamma chain; and factors II, V, VII, X, XI, and XII). Age‐ and sex‐adjusted estimates for associations of the instruments with the outcomes were derived from UK Biobank and the FinnGen, CARDIoGRAMplusC4D (Coronary Artery Disease Genome‐wide Replication and Meta‐analysis), and MEGASTROKE consortia with numbers of incident and prevalent cases of 820 to 60 810. Genetically proxied inhibition of fibrinogen alpha, beta, and gamma chain, factor II, and factor XI were associated with reduced risk of venous thromboembolism (
P
<0.001). With the exception of fibrinogen beta and factor II, inhibition of these factors was also associated with reduced risk of any ischemic stroke and cardioembolic stroke (
P
≤0.002). Genetically proxied inhibition of fibrinogen beta and gamma were associated with reduced large‐artery stroke risk (
P
=0.001). There were suggestive protective associations of genetically proxied inhibition of factors V, VII, and X with ischemic stroke (
P
<0.05), and suggestive adverse associations of genetically proxied inhibition of factors II and XII with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Conclusions

This study supports targeting fibrinogen and factor XI for reducing venous thromboembolism and ischemic stroke risk, and showed suggestive evidence that inhibition of factors V, VII, and X might reduce ischemic stroke risk.
Greater Acculturation is Associated With Poorer Cardiovascular Health in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Osibogun Olatokunbo , Ogunmoroti Oluseye , Mathews Lena , Okunrintemi Victor , Tibuakuu Martin , Michos Erin D.
Published: April 2021

Background

Greater acculturation is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the association between acculturation and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) as measured by the American Heart Association's 7 CVH metrics. We investigated the association between acculturation and ideal CVH among a multi‐ethnic cohort of US adults free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline.

Methods and Results

This was a cross‐sectional analysis of 6506 men and women aged 45 to 84 years of 4 races/ethnicities. We examined measures of acculturation(birthplace, language spoken at home, and years lived in the United States [foreign‐born participants]) by CVH score. Scores of 0 to 8 indicate inadequate, 9 to 10 average and 11 to 14 optimal CVH. We used multivariable regression to examine associations between acculturation and CVH, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income and health insurance. The mean (SD) age was 62 (10) years, 53% were women, 39% non‐Hispanic White‐, 26% non‐Hispanic Black‐, 12% Chinese‐ and 22% Hispanic‐Americans. US‐born participants had lower odds of optimal CVH (odds ratio [OR]: 0.63 [0.50–0.79],
P
<0.001) compared with foreign‐born participants. Participants who spoke Chinese and other foreign languages at home had greater odds of optimal CVH compared with those who spoke English (1.91 [1.08–3.36],
P
=0.03; and 1.65 [1.04–2.63],
P
=0.03, respectively). Foreign‐born participants who lived the longest in the United States had lower odds of optimal CVH (0.62 [0.43–0.91],
P
=0.02).

Conclusions

Greater US acculturation was associated with poorer CVH. This finding suggests that the promotion of ideal CVH should be encouraged among immigrant populations since more years lived in the United States was associated with poorer CVH.
Philological Notes on the Letter Rho in a New Greek-English Dictionary
Authors: Olson S. Douglas
Published: April 2021

Two generations ago, Robert Renehan published a series of articles expanding, refining, and correcting entries in the 9th edition of the monumental Liddell-Scott-Jones Greek-English Lexicon (1940) as supplemented by Barber and his fellow editors (1968). The following notes on the letter rho in the new Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek are offered in a similar spirit.
Epicurus’ Non-Propositional Theory of Truth
Authors: Hahmann Andree , Robitzsch Jan Maximilian
Published: April 2021

Scholars typically distinguish at least two different Epicurean conceptions of truth: (1) an account that pertains to the truth of perceptions or impressions and (2) an account that pertains to the truth of opinions. This paper addresses the relationship between the truth of perceptions (and by extension: preconceptions and feelings), on the one hand, and the truth of opinions, on the other. It offers an account of what these determinations of truth amount to and how they interact with each other. In doing so, the paper rejects a propositional understanding of Epicurean truth. It instead argues that the Epicurean conception of truth can be explained by relying on images and their combination.
Review of Article 27.3(b) and the Patenting of Life Forms: Hitting a BRIC Wall in the WTO?
Authors: Plahe Jagjit , Kukreja Nitesh , Ponnamperuma Sunil
Published: April 2021

Under Article 27.3(b) of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO), all members are required to extend private property rights to life forms. Using official WTO documents, this article analyzes the negotiating positions of WTO members on life patents during a review of Article 27.3(b) which commenced in 1999 and is currently ongoing. Initially, developing countries raised serious ethical concerns regarding life patents, creating a clear North-South divide. However, over time the position of Brazil and India moved away from the ethics of life patents to the prevention of bio-piracy, a position supported by China. Russia too is supportive of life patents. A group of small developing countries have, however, continued to question the morality of life patents despite this “BRIC wall,” changing the dynamics of the negotiations from a North-South divide to one which now includes a South-South divide.
A new species of Thamnodynastes Wagler, 1830 from western Amazonia, with notes on morphology for members of the Thamnodynastes pallidus group (Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Tachymenini)
Authors: TREVINE VIVIAN C. , CAICEDO-PORTILLA JOSÉ RANCÉS , HOOGMOED MARINUS , THOMAS ROBERT A. , FRANCO FRANCISCO L. , MONTINGELLI GIOVANNA G. , OSORNO-MUÑOZ MARIELA , ZAHER HUSSAM
Published: April 2021

The genus Thamnodynastes is the most diverse within the tribe Tachymenini, with an extensive and complex taxonomic history. The brief descriptions and lack of robust diagnostic characters are the main sources for identification errors and for the difficulty to assess the diversity estimates of the genus. The Thamnodynastes pallidus group was briefly designated to encompass the most arboreal species of the genus, with thinner bodies and longer tails: T. pallidus, T. longicaudus, T. sertanejo, and a fourth undescribed species. After its designation, no other paper addressed this group and its morphological variation, especially for the hemipenis, is still undetermined. After the analysis of all species of Thamnodynastes we were able to corroborate the distinctiveness of the T. pallidus group and to accurately diagnose its fourth species from the western portion of the Amazonia lowlands. The new species is distinguishable from all congeners, except T. sertanejo, by the absence of ventral longitudinal stripes, 17/17/11 dorsal scale rows, and dorsal dark brown blotches on the anterior third of the body. The new species is distinguished from T. sertanejo by the higher number of subcaudals, lower number of ventrals, and smaller body and head sizes. We also provide additional diagnostic features for the Thamnodynastes pallidus group, including new data on hemipenial variation. Finally, we briefly discuss the defensive behavior and morphological characters associated with arboreality in members of the T. pallidus species group.
Ovilyra, a new genus of leucosiid crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the West Pacific
Authors: NG PETER K. L.
Published: April 2021

The identities of two species of shallow water Southeast Asian and southern Chinese leucosiid crabs Philyra fuliginosa Targioni-Tozzetti, 1877, and P. olivacea Rathbun, 1909, are clarified; and shown to be synonyms. A new genus, Ovilyra, is established for P. fuliginosa, and it is easily distinguished from Philyra s. str. as well as allied genera by possessing an elongate carapace, a narrow and slender male pleon with somites 1 and 2 articulate, and a male first gonopod which has the distal quarter sharply bent with a well developed subdistal process.
A theory of Spring Persistence Barrier on ENSO. Part II: Persistence Barriers in SST and ocean heat content
Authors: Jin Yishuai , Liu Zhengyu
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we investigate the potential factors that control the relationship between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) persistence barriers (PB) in sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean heat content (OHC) and apply it to explain observational ENSO PBs. With the addition of seasonal growth rate in SST in the neutral recharge oscillator (NRO) model, approximate analytical solutions of autocorrelation functions for SST and OHC suggest strictly that the timing of PB for OHC leads that of SST by half a year and the strength of the two PBs are the same. The numerical solutions of the NRO model also show a similar relationship. The role of ENSO growth rate to PBs in SST and OHC is then identified in the damped and unstable ENSO regime. Therefore, it is suggested that for the observational ENSO, the seasonally varying ENSO growth rate in SST controls PBs in SST and OHC simultaneously.
Compression behavior and failure modes of wood-based lattice core sandwich structure with improved relative density
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Hu Yingcheng , Li Shuai , Ye Gaoyuan , Li Zelong
Published: April 2021

In response to growing interest in lightweight, high-strength wood-based engineering materials, a lattice core sandwich structure made of plywood and birch dowels with improved relative density in its core was designed and fabricated. Flatwise and edgewise compressive experiments were performed to investigate the mechanical behavior of the sandwich structure. The effect of relative density on the mechanical properties and failure mode of the structure under flatwise compression was discussed. The theoretical and experimental flatwise compression test results showed good agreement. The results of the edgewise compressive tests of the sandwich structure indicated that face sheet wrinkling, crushing, and macro-shear buckling of the core were the main failure modes. The wood-based lattice sandwich structure has potential applications in the construction industry as beam and plate structures for buildings.
Temporal kinematic and kinetics differences throughout different landing ways following volleyball spike shots
Authors: Xu Datao , Lu Jingying , Baker Julien S , Fekete Gusztáv , Gu Yaodong
Published: April 2021

Volleyball players often land on a single leg following a spike shot because of a shift in the center of gravity. This landing is one of the high-risk actions for non-contact ACL injury. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the discrete and temporal kinematics and kinetics associated with functional valgus collapse during volleyball in player landing phases during a single-leg landing and double-leg landing following a spike shot. Kinematics and kinetics data were collected (captured by a Vicon motion system and AMTI force plate, processed by Visual-3D software) during the single-leg and double-leg landing phases in 13 semi-professional male volleyball players. The landing phase was defined as initial ground contact (0% landing phase) to maximum knee flexion (100% landing phase). Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis revealed that single-leg landing depicted a significantly greater knee abduction angle and hip adduction moment than double-leg landing during the 0%–68% landing phase (single-leg: 7°–16°, double-leg: 0°–9°, p < 0.001) and 18%–22% (single-leg: 0.62–0.91 Nm/kg, double-leg: 0.08–0.19 Nm/kg, p = 0.0063) landing phase, respectively. The traditional discrete analysis revealed that single-leg landing depicted a significantly greater peak knee internal rotation moment (single-leg: 1.46 ± 0.38 Nm/kg, double-leg: 0.79 ± 0.19 Nm/kg, p = 0.006) and peak hip internal rotation moment (single-leg: −2.20 ± 0.54 Nm/kg, double-leg: −0.88 ± 0.30 Nm/kg, p = 0.011) than double-leg landing. Most differences were within a time frame during the landing phase of 30–50 ms in which non-contact ACL injuries are considered to happen. These recorded time frames are consistent with biomechanical measures that are deemed dangerous. To reduce lower limb injury, a volleyball player should consciously swing the arms to influence the body to maintain a better-balanced state. Adjusting the landing mode of the lower limbs can achieve a good cushioning effect during landing following a spike shot.
All in one, a rare case presentation of genitourinary tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Vishwajeet , Kumar Manoj , Pavan Kumar S. K. , Jain Mayank
Published: April 2021

Background

The kidneys are the most common site of urogenital tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of the urethra and bladder is caused by a descending infection through the urinary collecting system. Urogenital tuberculosis affects 2% to 10% of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in developed countries, but 15% to 20% in developing countries.

Case presentation

A 55-year-old male referred to us with bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy, which was done for obstructive uropathy with raised creatinine of 4.5 mg/dl. He was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis two years back and took antitubercular therapy for one year. His routine blood parameters were within normal limits. On evaluation with bilateral nephrostograms, he was found to have right-sided pelvic ureteric junction stricture and left-sided vesicoureteric junction stricture. On retrograde urethrography, there was evidence of 4-cm stricture at proximal bulbar urethra. On contrast-enhanced CT whole abdomen, he was found to have small-sized right kidney and findings in par with nephrostogram with thickened, small capacity bladder (thimble bladder). Patient underwent urethroscopy and urethral dilatation followed by augmentation ileocystoplasty with left ureteric reimplantation and right nephrectomy done at 3 months of follow-up.

Conclusion

Only 1.9 percent to 4.5 percent of all cases of urogenital tuberculosis are urethral tuberculosis, and it never happens alone. For urogenital tuberculosis diagnosis, imaging techniques are up to 91.4 percent sensitive, with intravenous urography and abdominal computerised tomography being the most widely used. Diagnosis relies on a range of signs such as “caliceal irregularities; infundibular stenosis; pseudotumor or renal scarring; nonfunctioning kidney; renal cavitation; urinary tract calcification (present in 7% to 19% of cases); collecting system thickening, stenosis, or dilatation; contracted bladder”.