bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced power transformer with improved parameters for rural electrical networks
Authors: Prishchepov M. A. , Zelenkevich A. I. , Zbrodyga V. M.
Published: August 2021

The problem of power quality supply is relevant for rural electrical networks, due to long distance and branching, as well as connection of a large number of single-phase and non-linear loads. Asymmetry of electrical loads causes voltage asymmetry, which adversely affects the operation of all elements of the electrical system, causing additional power losses, reducing the service life of electrical equipment and its economic performance, as well as reliability of operation of individual electrical equipment and power supply system as a whole. Reduction of voltage asymmetry can be ensured by rational construction of electrical network circuit and use of special correcting devices. The authors consider it reasonable to use relatively simple and reliable by design and inexpensive power transformers with a “star - double zigzag with a zero wire” (Y/2Zн) winding connection circuit with a neutral winding connection group. The paper deals with design and processes of converting electrical energy in a transformer. It has been proved that phase EMF of the secondary winding coincides in phase with the same EMF of the primary winding, i.e. the proposed circuit has a neutral windings’ connection group. Results of theoretical studies of transformer operation with an asymmetric and non-linear load are presented. Decrease in voltage asymmetry is due to the neutral sequence components compensation. Decrease of the higher harmonic voltage components level occurs due to the compensation of the higher harmonics multiplied three times. It is theoretically substantiated that transformer will not emit higher harmonic components of zero sequence voltages into the supply network. Experimental studies have confirmed the theoretical conclusions that a transformer with Y/2Zн winding connection circuit allows obtaining the highest level of voltage symmetry with an asymmetric load. In single-phase load mode, the values of voltage unbalance factor in reverse sequence do not exceed 1.7 %, in neutral sequence - 2.9 %. The transformer allows obtaining 1.2-1.5 times lower value of total harmonic components factor at non-linear load, which is the best result among circuits studied. This power transformer is resistant to load effects that distort voltage quality and is capable to provide a high level of symmetry and sinusoidal voltage as well as parallel operation with commercially available transformers. This makes it possible to use it in rural electrical networks to reduce power losses, increase service life and efficiency of electrical equipment, and increase reliability of the power supply system.
New diplomatic history: formation, research directions and perspectives
Authors: Mazarchuk D. V.
Published: August 2021

The paper analyses the main methodological principles of the direction in studying the history of diplomacy – New diplomatic history. The precondition for the formation of this historiographical trend was the transition from a teleological and state-centered perception of history to actor-centrism (as applied to the history of diplomacy).

The main stages of development of the New diplomatic history are revealed. The substantive aspects of criticism of the classical approach to the history of European diplomacy and the process of the emergence of a permanent embassies mission are considered. In general, modern scholars are inclined to the problematic nature of identifying precise criteria for the permanent nature of diplomatic representation in the Early Modern period.

Examples of studies of various aspects of diplomatic history within the framework of the New diplomatic history are given. The socio-cultural aspects of the activities of a diplomat of the Modern period come to the fore in the research topics of representatives of this direction. In this regard, the attention of scientists is extended to such topics as the symbolic language of diplomacy, the role of art, everyday life in the work of a diplomat, informal channels of diplomacy, reﬂection of diplomats.

The characteristics of new basic sources for the study of the history of diplomacy in the Modern period are given. Modern historians pay great attention to personalized groups of sources, such as personal correspondence and memoirs of diplomats.
“From the depths of the native land...” (Unknown poems by the West Belarusian poet Janka Malanka)
Authors: Mikulich M. U.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the unknown poems of the West Belarusian poet, prose writer, publicist and artist Yanka Malanka (1895 – 1938). Considering the characteristic features of the creative personality of Ya. Malanka, the author notes the richness of the problem-thematic content, as well as the variety of genre-structural forms of the poet’s works, who wrote not only poetry, but also sketches, stories, fairy tales, jokes, feuilletons, political ditties, etc. others. Sincerity and warmth presupposed in them a characteristic internal mobilization and tension were supplemented by an oﬀensive logic of thinking, lyrical ridicule was intensiﬁed by the pathos of civic spirit and patriotism, as well as humorous-satirical revealing and exposure.

The leading motives and images of Ya. Malanka’s poetic creativity are revealed. At the same time, it is emphasized that a cheerful mood, categorical invectives, heightened emotionality were intensiﬁed in him by hyperbolized images and grotesque drawings. Ya. Malanka combined the accuracy of realistic reﬂection of phenomena and events with the peculiarities of the romantic elevation of the hero’s aspirations and impulses, lyrical spontaneity and penetration were complemented by journalistic and satirical sharpness. Attention is drawn to a certain sketchiness of the word-image of the poet, “primitive accuracy” of his ideas and thoughts, roughness of style and linguistic constructions.
Modern teaching on the rights and freedoms of human and citizen
Authors: Vasilevich D. G.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the doctrine of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. The connection between the theory of human rights and freedoms and the history of the development of society is traced. The works of thinkers of the past are analyzed. The dynamics of views on the development of rights and freedoms is shown. Special attention is focused on two basic concepts of rights and freedoms – natural-legal and positivist, the general and special in their content are highlighted. Both of these concepts consider human rights as a certain view of the world outlook, worldview, which are based on the principle of humanism, and also as a system of humanistic values that determine relationships in society. Attention is drawn to the essential features of human rights. A brief analysis of three generations of human rights is carried out. It is emphasized that this classiﬁcation is classical. However, new times force us to look at the classiﬁcation problem in a new way. The classiﬁcation of human and civil rights allows you to see their evolution, the historical connection of times, the general trend of development. The conclusion is substantiated that in the current period of human development, taking into account the achievements of science, primarily biomedicine, we can talk about the fourth generation of human rights, the socalled somatic rights. In this century, the focus on somatic human rights has become a feature. They increasingly occupy the attention of international organizations, become the subject of discussion at the national and international levels, since through their prism the nature of the relationship between a person and a state is assessed.
The Fungsi-Fungsi yang Membentuk Framework dari Corporate University
Authors: Munajat Ade Priaman S.
Published: August 2021

Implementation of a Corporate University in various organizations was truly able to realize organizational expectations in achieving organizational goals and objectives. Corporate University, which is part of an organizational learning process, is believed to assist organizations to move agile, be able to adapt, be responsive, and ready to face changes that continue to occur in times of uncertainty or known as VUCA. The functions chosen by an organization informing the Framework of the Corporate University can vary and change so that in the end a Framework from the Corporate University can be formed which is proven to have a positive impact in realizing the goals and objectives of the organization over a long period of time and requires considerable costs. For organizations that are just about to implement a Corporate University, it is crucial to be able to identify effective and efficient functions in the process of forming a Framework from a Corporate University that is suitable for their organization. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive research method approach to reveal the respective functions that make up the Corporate University framework to provide understanding and consideration for any organization that is new to implementing Corporate University. Sources of data in this study were obtained from the results of benchmarking with institutions or organizations that are considered established in the application of the Corporate University and literature studies from books, journals, and related laws and regulations.
Sistem Informasi Rekam Medis Berbasis Web Pada Klinik Risa Rafana Menggunakan Metodologi Extreme Programming
Authors:   Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta, Akbar Jihadul , Yaqin Ainul ,   Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta
Published: August 2021

Risa Rafana is a clinic that located at Wage Batujai West Praya, Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Risa Rafana clinic has problems in medical records processing because the existing system could not systematically assess patient, so the clinicians had trouble for finding the data of patients when had been in manual system. The is development method that was used is Extreme Programming methodology. The method prioritizing of clients as a resource person who understand the system that will be created, from the client itself acquired user story. The Stages that will be created such as planning, design, coding and testing. The information system is designed by concept of UML (Unified Modeling Language) and developed using Framework PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), which is a web-based CodeIgniter. The processing of database by MySQL. The information system could process data of patients, doctors, specialists, labs, rontgen, medications, so it could make medical records information and made report of patient’s surgery, reporting of laboratory check, reporting of medicine prescription, reporting of drug selling that has been given to patients, so it made easier to diagnose the disease
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Monitoring Absensi Karyawan Berbasis Website
Authors:   Universitas Nusa Mandiri, Sofyan Ahmad , Sari Ani Oktarini ,   Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika, Zuraidah Eva ,   Universitas Nusa Mandiri
Published: August 2021

Employee attendance is very important as a support that can encourage work productivity activities. Monitoring employee attendance also plays an important role in the employee performance appraisal process. However, the application of the employee attendance system at PT Indra Karya Persada is currently still using the attendance book manually by writing down the hours of entry and return in handwriting. Attendance that is done manually can cause problems in the form of inappropriate data, difficulty in searching for data, and the risk of losing data. In addition, the current employee attendance system has not accommodated employees if they have to work outside the office, they must come to the office to write down their attendance. For this reason, a computerized employee attendance system that can be accessed anywhere with an internet connection is needed, so that existing problems can be resolved properly. And the process of monitoring and daily employee attendance reports can be monitored properly
Psyche des Widerstandes
Authors: Winter Rainer
Published: August 2021

Der Beitrag diskutiert die psychoanalytisch geprägte politische Psychologie von Ashis Nandy als einen Beitrag zu einer kritischen Theorie des Subjekts. Sein eingreifendes Denken, das für kulturelle Pluralität, Toleranz und ethnische Diversität eintritt, ist einem kritischen Traditionalismus verpflichtet, der die wichtige Funktion von Abweichung und Erneuerung für das Überleben und die Resilienz von Traditionen hervorhebt. In seiner Kritik an der Modernität und ihrer Vorstellung von Entwicklung wiederentdeckt und rehabilitiert Nandy hinduistische Traditionen im säkularen Indien, in dem die Religion abgewertet und strikt von der Politik getrennt wird. Die Formierung moderner säkularer Identitäten in der politischen Kultur Indiens kritisiert er vehement, da dadurch Formen von Subjektivität verunmöglicht werden sollen, die an traditionelle Konzepte des Indischseins und der Toleranz anknüpfen. Am Beispiel seiner Studie Der Intimfeind (2008) wird gezeigt, wie seine Untersuchung von Biografien das Drama der Subjektivität, das unterschiedlich und widersprüchlich abläuft, überzeugend herausarbeitet. Es wird von kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen Machtverhältnissen geprägt, reagiert auf diese und bringt einen subjektiven Sinn zur Geltung. Nandy gibt Einblick sowohl in die sozialen Kontexte, in die Biografien eingebunden sind, als auch in die politischen Dynamiken, die eine Gesellschaft prägen. Die Psyche des Widerstandes, um die seine Studien kreisen, macht deutlich, wie wichtig die Revolte für Prozesse der individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Erneuerung ist.
»… wir nennen es unbezahlte Arbeit«
Authors: Colligs Alexandra , Lütgens Jessica
Published: August 2021

Jede Gesellschaft ist notwendigerweise auf Reproduktionsund Sorgearbeiten als Hintergrundbedingungen ihres Erhalts angewiesen. Diese Tätigkeiten finden entweder im Privaten statt, wo sie nicht als Arbeit anerkannt, sondern als bloßer Liebesdienst gerahmt, oder im professionellen Bereich, wo sie ungenügend entlohnt werden. Zumeist werden diese Arbeiten von Frauen verrichtet und sind daher Gegenstand und Bezugspunkt feministischer Kämpfe. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich anlässlich der Ansprache der Bundeskanzlerin vom 18. März 2020 mit der Frage, was die Corona-Pandemie und die Maßnahmen zu ihrer Bekämpfung über die vergeschlechtlichte Arbeitsteilung erkennen lassen und welche Folgen die Pandemie besonders für Frauen hat.
Viruslust
Authors: Grubner Bernadette
Published: August 2021

Der Beitrag analysiert den politischen Umgang mit dem Coronavirus in Deutschland unter gesellschaftskritischem und psychoanalytischem Blickwinkel. Auf der Grundlage insbesondere der lacanianischen Triebund Sozialtheorie werden die Auswirkungen der Maßnahmen auf das zwischenmenschliche Verhalten, ihre triebökonomischen Implikationen sowie der Zusammenhang zwischen Pandemiebekämpfung und spätkapitalistischen Herrschaftsformationen untersucht. Im Zentrum steht die These, dass sich die »neue Normalität« der Virusbekämpfung als Fortsetzung einer gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung begreifen lässt, die sich seit den 1960er und 1970er Jahren in den westlichen Industrieländern vollzogen hat und die mit einer Veränderung der Subjektivierungsweise (d.h. der Weise, in der das Begehren der Subjekte geformt und ihr Verhalten reguliert wird) einhergegangen ist. Dieser Blickwinkel erhellt einige der auffälligsten gesellschaftlichen Phänomene, die in Zusammenhang mit der Pandemiebewältigung auftreten. Doch auch andere Entwicklungen – wie etwa die zunehmende gesellschaftliche Polarisierung – werden vor diesem Hintergrund fassbar und im Beitrag dargelegt.
Kapriolen der stofflichen Welt
Authors: Hauer Maximilian
Published: August 2021

Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es, den ontologischen Status der Covid-19-Pandemie im Spannungsfeld zwischen Naturkatastrophe und gesellschaftlichem Handeln zu bestimmen. Nach allgemeinen Überlegungen zum Verhältnis von Katastrophe und Ideologieproduktion sondiert der Autor aktuelle Verarbeitungsweisen der Pandemie, wie Verschwörungsdenken, Szientismus, Malthusianischen Fatalismus und soziozentrischen Dualismus. Der Text befragt diese weltanschaulichen Deutungsangebote auf ihre jeweiligen Konzeptualisierungen des gesellschaftlichen Naturverhältnisses. Auf den kritischen Durchgang durch die genannten Gestalten des Bewusstseins folgt der Vorschlag einer positiven Bestimmung der Pandemie als gesellschaftlich koproduzierte Naturkatastrophe. Dabei greift der Autor auf verschiedene Vertreter:innen des ökologischen Marxismus zurück.
Psychoanalytische Gedankensplitter zur Coronakrise
Authors: Warsitz Rolf-Peter
Published: August 2021

Die Überlegungen verstehen sich nicht als theoretisch fundierter Text, auch nicht als empirische Untersuchung über die Settingveränderungen der psychoanalytischen Praxis im Rahmen der gegenwärtigen Pandemie. Sie versuchen vielmehr, eher assoziativ und klinisch-vignettenartig die Eingriffe und Settingmodifikationen zu reflektieren, die sich im Rahmen der Coronakrise ereignen. Virologische und psychoanalytische Begriffe wie binding domain, Aerosol und Raumdurchlüftung gewinnen neben der konkretistischen eine übertragene, unbewusste Bedeutung.
Hochaltrige in Coronazeiten
Authors: Luft Helmut
Published: August 2021

Der Autor stellt die These auf, dass der Umgang Hochaltriger mit der Pandemie der Haltung entspricht, die Hochaltrige im Allgemeinen zum Leben haben. Aufgrund eigener Erfahrungen als Hochaltriger beschreibt er konkret, wie Corona sein Leben verändert hat, und kommt zum Fazit, dass es sowohl zu schmerzlichen Einschränkungen als auch zu reifungsfördernden Veränderungen kommen kann.
Alterspsychotherapie: Rousseau als Patient
Authors: Rudolf Gerd
Published: August 2021

Im psychodynamischen Verständnis von krankheitswertigen neurotischen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen werden heute neben dem Typus der posttraumatischen Störung vor allem konfliktneurotische und persönlichkeitsstrukturelle Störungen unterschieden. Zur Veranschaulichung einer strukturellen Störung wird eine literarische Selbstbeschreibung herangezogen, die Bekenntnisse von J. J. Rousseau. Sein umfangreicher Lebensbericht lässt den biografisch-sozialen Hintergrund seiner Störung ebenso deutlich werden wie dessen unterschiedliche Ausgestaltung in verschiedenen Lebensaltern. Therapeutische Überlegungen aus heutiger Sicht bilden den Abschluss, wobei insbesondere die Bearbeitung struktureller Störungen im höheren Lebensalter diskutiert wird.
Mentalisierung im Alter
Authors: Schneider Sophia M. V. , Wunner Christina , Waller Christiane
Published: August 2021

Mentalisieren ist das Vergegenwärtigen eigener und fremder mentaler Zustände. Es spielt sowohl bei der Affektregulation als auch in sozialen Interaktionen eine bedeutsame Rolle. Dieser Artikel behandelt die Frage, ob und wie sich die Mentalisierungsfähigkeit im Alter verändert und welche Auswirkungen dies auf den Alltag und das Wohlbefinden älterer Menschen hat. Dazu werden zunächst Studien beschrieben, die Mentalisierungsfähigkeit beziehungsweise Theory of Mind – ein verwandtes Konzept – empirisch an Stichproben älterer Menschen erfassen und mit der Leistung jüngerer Gruppen vergleichen. Anschließend werden Erkenntnisse zu ausgewählten Teilaspekten der Mentalisierung dargelegt und es wird auf Erkrankungen und Erlebnisse eingegangen, welche das Mentalisieren bei älteren Menschen beeinträchtigen können. Zudem wird diskutiert, welche Auswirkungen die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse auf den Alltag älterer Menschen haben und welche Möglichkeiten der Mentalisierungsförderung bestehen. Da die bisherigen Studien zur Mentalisierung im Alter lediglich Teilbereiche des Konstruktes untersuchen, wird abschließend die Durchführung von Studien empfohlen, die verschiedene Dimensionen der Mentalisierung an derselben Stichprobe älterer Personen erfassen.
Psychotherapeutische Kompetenz in der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie mit pflegenden Angehörigen von Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Hillebrand Mareike C. , Töpfer Nils F. , Weise Lisette , Wilz Gabriele
Published: August 2021

»Tele.TAnDem« ist eine kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Intervention für pflegende Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz, für die in Wirksamkeitsstudien bereits positive Effekte nachgewiesen werden konnten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die therapeutische Kompetenz in der Durchführung von »Tele.TAnDem« als wichtige Prozessvariable und Komponente der Behandlungsintegrität untersucht. Anhand von Daten aus einer Implementierungsstudie wurde die therapeutische Kompetenz von vier externen Ratern in 123 Therapiesitzungen (drei Sitzungen aus 41 Therapien bei 15 Therapeutinnen4) auf drei Dimensionen (Allgemeine Wirkfaktoren nach Grawe, Individualisierung der Therapie, therapeutische Grundhaltung) eingeschätzt. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Therapeutinnen nach einer einmaligen Schulung »Tele.TAnDem« mit hoher Kompetenz in etablierten Versorgungsstrukturen durchführen können. Die Kompetenz in der Individualisierung der Therapie hing mit einer signifikant geringeren Ängstlichkeit und tendenziell mit einem höheren emotionalen Wohlbefinden der pflegenden Angehörigen nach der Therapie zusammen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Identifikation relevanter Faktoren für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Belastung pflegender Angehöriger sowie die Wichtigkeit der Auswahl und Umsetzung angemessener Interventionstechniken zur Veränderung dieser Belastungsfaktoren.
A COLABORAÇÃO EFETIVA DO PEDAGOGO EMPRESARIAL NA FORMAÇÃO DE LÍDERES
Authors: Ferreira de Araújo Luiz Carlos , da Silva Matos Anderson , do Nascimento Siqueira Cristiano
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo não esgota o assunto da Pedagogia Empresarial devido a sua complexidade, mas, investiga o Profissional da Pedagogia na formação da liderança observando as mudanças radicais provocadas pelo fenômeno da globalização, ponderando as características do universo complexo das empresas enquanto organizações em constante mudanças e adaptações mercadológicas. O objetivo é compreender as mudanças nas organizações em adaptarem-se a velocidade das transformações, identificando, conhecendo e estudando os novos modelos de gestão com suas respectivas técnicas, conceitos e métodos no que concerne o desenvolvimento de uma política pedagógica na construção de líderes organizacionais. O presente estudo foi realizado com base bibliográfica em livros, artigos, revistas e sites da internet, todos especializados sobre o tema por meio dos autores nacionais e internacionais. As transformações no universo globalizado são inevitáveis, os comportamentos, as culturas, climas e modelos de gestão são transformados constantemente para o desenvolvimento eficaz e eficiente das organizações para atingirem os seus objetivos, se reconhece que o “grupo de trabalho” foi transformado em “equipe”, que o “chefe” tornou-se “líder educador”, que o conceito e modelos de gestão estão humanizados, as técnicas são processos pedagógicos de ensino e aprendizagem, os conceitos mudam e adaptam-se as realidades circunstanciais. Na pós modernidade o conceito tradicional e autocrático de chefia está ultrapassado e sem espaço, quem não se adaptar estará fora das organizações que caminham na construção de uma política de liderança humanizada e educadora.
TINJAUAN TEOLOGI ATAS FENOMENA MUSIK KRISTEN KONTEMPORER DARI PERSPEKTIF ALKITAB
Authors: Sumarto Yonatan
Published: August 2021

Music is an inseparable part of worship, as much as prayer in worship. Music as a part used for worship and praise for God, through the glorified music of God.Contemporary Christian music can now function to bridge this world and the church. However, what needs to be considered is that it is not permissible to stop on this bridge, but must grow and develop towards the quality of music that should be.The point is music is a tool to deliver and help people in expressing and proclaiming the fellowship between God and His people. As long as the music adopted is still within acceptable limits and in accordance with the Bible.
Đại diện Trung tâm ISR thuyết trình tại seminar do VIASM tổ chức
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: August 2021

Chiều ngày 4-8-2021 vừa qua, NCS. Nguyễn Minh Hoàng—Nghiên cứu viên Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Xã hội Liên ngành ISR, trường Đại học Phenikaa—đã có buổi thuyết trình tại Seminar Thống kê Ứng dụng T8.2021 do Viện Nghiên cứu Cao cấp về Toán (VIASM) tổ chức.
ANALYSIS OF TECHNIQUE FOR ORDER PREFERENCE BY SIMILARITY TO IDEAL SOLUTION IN DETECTING COFFEE BEAN QUALITY
Authors: Aryza Solly , Ulandari Lavenia
Published: August 2021

Decision support system is a science that can be applied in various fields to be able to assistdecision makers in supporting not as absolute decision makers. As a decision has a reliablemethod in each case or data processed. Like TOPSIS is a very good method in helpingdecision making that is implemented well in a system. In this paper, detection is carried out tohelp support decisions on quality coffee beans. Coffee is a typical drink from variouscountries. Coffee produced from quality coffee beans and coffee farm fields. So that the finalresult of this paper is to get the best value for detecting quality coffee beans based on 3 coffeebean farming fields, in which the three fields are labeled with A1 and the optimal criterionvalue is 0.61.
Respiratory Rhythms of the Predictive Mind
Authors: Allen Micah , Varga Somogy , Heck Detlef H
Published: August 2021

Respiratory rhythms sustain biological life, governing the homeostatic exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Until recently however, the influence of breathing on the brain has largely been overlooked. Yet new evidence demonstrates that the act of breathing exerts a substantive, rhythmic influence on perception, emotion, and cognition, largely through the direct modulation of neural oscillations. Here we synthesize these findings to motivate a new predictive coding model of respiratory brain coupling, in which breathing rhythmically modulates both local and global neural gain, to optimize cognitive and affective processing. Our model further explains how respiratory rhythms interact with the topology of the functional connectome, and we highlight key implications for the computational psychiatry of disordered respiratory and interoceptive inference.
Adolescents Sample More Information Prior to Decisions than Adults when Effort Costs Increase
Authors: Niebaum Jesse C , Kramer Anne-Wil , Huizenga Hilde M. , van den Bos Wouter
Published: August 2021

Adolescence is marked by increased agency in decision-making and an accompanying increase in risky and impulsive decision-making. Making better decisions typically requires obtaining information relevant to that decision, suggesting that one explanation for increased risky and impulsive behavior in adolescence is a tendency to make ill- informed decisions. Adolescents could be especially averse to the effort associated with acquiring information. To investigate this possibility, we recruited adolescents (13-17 years old) in upper-secondary schools and young adults (17-47 years old) attending university in the Netherlands to complete an effort-based information sampling task, in which participants could sample information until obtaining sufficient evidence to make a decision, and effort costs for sampling were systematically varied. Surprisingly, adolescents sampled more evidence than adults before making decisions when sampling effort costs were low; further, adolescents obtained stronger evidence prior to their decisions than adults as effort costs increased, exhibiting less aversion to effort costs associated with information sampling. Computational models supported these findings. Both adolescents and adults used simple heuristics in deciding whether to sample additional information or make a final decision, and adolescents sought a higher evidence threshold before deciding compared with adults. These results suggest that adolescents may require more certainty to make decisions compared with adults and be less averse to effort costs when gathering information to aid decisions.
Individual differences in the relationship between episodic detail generation and resting state functional connectivity vary with age
Authors: Matijevic Stephanie , Andrews-Hanna Jessica R. , Wank Aubrey , Ryan Lee , Grilli Matthew D.
Published: August 2021

The ability to generate episodic details while recollecting autobiographical events is believed to depend on a collection of brain regions that form a posterior medial network (PMN). How age-related differences in episodic detail generation relate to the PMN, however, remains unclear. The present study sought to examine individual differences, and the role of age, in PMN resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) associations with episodic detail generation. Late middle-aged and older adults (N = 41, ages 52-81), and young adults (N = 21, ages 19-35) were asked to describe recent personal events, and these memory narratives were coded for episodic, semantic and ‘miscellaneous’ details. Independent components analysis and regions-of-interest analyses were used to assess rsFC within anterior PMN connections (hippocampal and medial prefrontal) and posterior PMN connections (hippocampal, parahippocampal and parieto-occipital). Compared to younger adults, older adults produced memory narratives with lower episodic specificity (ratio of episodic:total details) and a greater amount of semantic detail. Among the older adults, episodic detail amounts and episodic specificity were reduced with increasing age. There were no significant age differences in PMN rsFC. Stronger anterior PMN rsFC was related to lower episodic detail in the older adult group, but not in the young. Among the older adults, increasing age brought on an association between increased anterior PMN rsFC and reduced episodic specificity. The present study provides evidence that functional connectivity within the PMN, particularly anterior PMN, tracks individual differences in the amount of episodic details retrieved by older adults. Furthermore, these brain-behavior relationships appear to be age-specific.
A Brief Forewarning Intervention Overcomes Negative Effects of Salient Changes in COVID-19 Guidance
Authors: Gretton Jeremy David , Meyers Ethan Andrew , Walker Alexander C. , Fugelsang Jonathan Albert , Koehler Derek J.
Published: August 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health messaging, including guidance regarding protective health behavior (e.g., use of non-medical masks), changed over time. Although many revisions were a result of gains in scientific understanding, we nonetheless hypothesized that making changes in guidance salient would negatively impact evaluations of experts and health-protective intentions. In Study 1 (N = 300), we demonstrate that describing COVID-19 guidance in terms of inconsistency (versus consistency) leads people to perceive scientists and public health authorities less favorably (e.g., as less expert). Among a Canadian subsample, making guidance change salient also reduced intentions to download the COVID Alert contact tracing app. In Study 2 (N = 1399), we show that a brief forewarning intervention mitigates detrimental effects of changes in guidance. In the absence of forewarning, emphasizing inconsistency harmed judgments of public health authorities and reduced health-protective intentions, but forewarning eliminated this effect.
Adolescent Social Cognitive Development
Authors: Guazzelli Williamson Victoria
Published: August 2021

During adolescence, our bodies, brains, and behaviors undergo marked developmental changes. Adolescents often become increasingly aware of their social worlds and use this stage of development to develop skills to help them navigate this changing landscape. Up until recently, an overwhelming majority of research on social cognition–specifically on understanding the mental states of others–has focused on childhood. In this chapter, I demonstrate that adolescence is an important developmental period for the refinement and sophistication of social cognitive processes that began developing during childhood. I also discuss the development of more advanced and distinct social cognitive processes. Additionally, I review the available literature on the developmental trajectories of advanced social cognition across adolescence–including individual differences, cultural considerations, and implications for adolescent health and wellbeing. Finally, I describe how future research may begin to address current knowledge gaps on this topic.
Prevalence of bovine mastitis in smallholder lactating dairy farms in Hawassa, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Authors:   School of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P. O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia, Sosango Mulugeta , Ashebo Amanuel ,   Hedero Tunto Zuria Woreda Livestock and Fishery Resource Office, Kembeta Tembaro Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia, Kalo Demelash ,   Gerese Woreda Livestock and Fishery Office Resource, Gamo zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Published: August 2021

A cross sectional study was conducted between November 2015 and February 2016 in Hawassa town, SNNPR, Ethiopia to determine the overall mastitis prevalence and identify the role of some selected risk factors in 183 randomly selected small holder lactating dairy cows of 53 high grade Holstein Friesian, 113 Holstein indigenous zebu cross and 17 indigenous zebu breeds. The prevalence of clinical mastitis was determined through examination of abnormalities of milk, udder or cow. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis determined by using indicator paper test. From total 183 lactating dairy cows examined for bovine mastitis 9(4.9%) had clinical mastitis, while 56(30.6%) subclinical mastitis. Out of 9(4.9%) clinical mastitis, 9.43 and 3.53% occurred in high grade Holstein and Holstein indigenous zebu, respectively, but indigenous zebu breed was found not affected. Subclinical mastitis at cow level based on indicator paper test was significantly high (32.07%) in Holstein, (30.9%) in cross breed and (23.5%) in indigenous zebu (p<0.05). Quarter level subclinical mastitis prevalence based on indicator paper test was 32.07, 30.2% and 23.5% in Holstein, cross breed and indigenous zebu, respectively. From the potential risk factors considered, breed (X2=17.3, p<0.05), presence of teat lesion and tick infestation (X2=7.73, p<0.05), stage of lactation (X2=13.8, p<0.05), and parity number (X2=19.4, p<0.05) had significant effect on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. Considering the possible significant economic losses that could be incurred by both clinical and subclinical mastitis, attention should be paid for further detailed investigation and control measures.
Serum biochemistry, haematological profile and organ proportion of broiler starter chicks fed graded levels of palm oil mill effluent (POME)
Authors:   Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria., Agida C. A. , Amaduruonye W. ,   Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, College of Animal Science and Animal production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria, Nsa E. E. ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Resource Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, Nathaniel J. ,   Department of Animal Breeding and Physiology, College of Animal Science and Animal production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
Published: August 2021

The experimental feeding trial conducted for 28 days was carried out to examine the serum biochemistry and haematological responses, organ proportion of broiler starter chickens fed graded levels of palm oil mill effluent (POME). A total of 240 (two hundred and forty) day old marshal broiler chicks strain were used for the study. The chicks were divided into 5 (five) treatment groups and within each group, replicated 4 (four) times at 12 chicks per replicate, feed and water were given ad libitum. Different graded/replacement levels of POME with maize at diet 1(control) (0%), diet 2 (6%), diet 3 (12%), diet 4 (18%) and diet 5 (24%) respectively were investigated to ascertain the health implications in feeding broiler chicks with POME by the blood profile and serum biochemical assessment in the study, using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) using SPSS version 20, results were interpreted using Duncan New Multiple Range Test for means separation. Dietary POME intake affects significantly (p<0.05) serum protein, glucose blood levels, enzymes, cholesterol, triglyceride and haematological profile. Organs proportion like, liver, lungs, kidney, pancreas and large intestine were (p<0.05) affected by dietary treatment. Serum total protein, plasma protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea and alanine amino transferase and white blood cell were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Glucose, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, pack cell volume, red blood cell, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, significantly increased (p<0.05). Cholesterol blood levels for diet 5 was higher (p<0.05). Triglyceride blood levels for control diet was higher (p<0.05). Cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels for diet 3 were (p<0.05) lowest. From the results obtained from these findings, POME may have possessed some nutritional values required to improve health and reproductive performance of the broiler chickens as alternative feeds replacement for maize.
Effect of rejected Eucheuma cottonii level in complete feed on nutrient intake and digestion, blood metabolites, and body weight gain of early weaning Bali calves
Authors:   Animal Science Faculty, Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia, Nikolaus T. T. ,   Animal Science Faculty, Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia, Jelantik I. G. N. ,   Animal Science Faculty, Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia, Benu I. ,   Animal Science Faculty, Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia
Published: August 2021

Effect of rejected Eucheuma cottonii level in complete feed on nutrient intake and digestion, blood metabolites, and body weight gain of early weaned Bali calves was studied. Twelve Bali calves aged 4 months with average early body weight 40 kg and standard error 1.3 kg were used in this experiment. Completely randomized design was applied with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were CT0 (complete feed without Eucheuma cottonii, CT5 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 5%), CT10 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 10%), and CT15 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 15%). The results on nutrient intake indicated that there were no significantly differences (p>0.05) among treatments by Bali calves. There were also no significant differences (p>0.05) of treatments on crude protein and fiber digestibility, however, digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE were same among 5, 10, and 15 % level of rejected E. cottonii in complete feed. There were significantly different (p<0.05) of treatments on blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K of Bali calves. Providing rejected E. cottonii 15% in the complete feed produced generally the highest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K of Bali calves. There were no significantly different (p>0.05) of treatments on body weight gain and body linear measures of Bali calves. It was concluded that 1) dry matter and other nutrient intake were the same between early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed with or without rejected E. cottonii, 2) digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE of complete feed differed among treatments. The lowest digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE were at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed without rejected E. cottonii. Digestibility of CP and CF were same among early weaned Bali calves consumed both with and without rejected E. cottonii, 3) blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration differed among treatments. The lowest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration were at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed without rejected E. cottonii. The highest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration were general at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed with 15% rejected E. cottonii, 4) daily body weight gain and linear body measures were same among early weaned Bali calves consumed both with or without rejected E. cottonii.
Perceived self-efficacy and self-care practices among diabetic patients in a Tertiary Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Dwa N. , Panthee B.
Published: August 2021

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem worldwide and Nepal is not an exception. Complications of DM are in rise which results in major disabilities and poor quality of life. But evidences show that adoption of self-care practices can prevent those complications leading a healthy and quality life. Self-care practice is closely related to self-efficacy. Thus, present study aimed to assess perceived self-efficacy and self-care practices and to examine relationship between perceived self-efficacy and self-care practice of patients with Diabetes.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study conducted in Patan Hospital among 100 patients was reviewed and approved by Institutional Review Committee. Samples were selected purposively and data was collected by face to face interview technique. Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale and self-care practice questionnaire was used to measure self-efficacy and self-care practice, respectively.
Results: Fifty nine percent and 81% of participants had moderate level of perceived self-efficacy and good self-care practice, respectively. There was significant moderate positive (r=0.62, p<0.001) correlation between perceived self-efficacy and self-care practice even after controlling the variables (e.g. age, gender and participation in educational program regarding self-care).
Conclusion: The self-efficacy of participants was moderate and self-care practice was good. However, self-care practice was very low on foot care and exercise. The significant positive relationship between perceived self-efficacy and self-care practice highlights the need for conducting educational activities for patients with DM to increase self-efficacy thereby increasing self-care practice.
Features of providing addiction medical care during the pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Rybakova K. V. , Grigorev A. V. , Semenova N. V. , Skurat E. P. , Zubova E. Yu. , Neznanov N. G. , Krupitsky E. M.
Published: August 2021

Patients with substance use disorders represent a vulnerable population who are at risk of getting coronavirus due to several factors related to their clinical, psychological, and psycho-social characteristics. The goalof this study was to examine the features of a medical condition in patients with alcohol use disorder who are admitted to the addiction hospital and to describe the specific issues of the addiction care RF region during a pandemic.Material and methods.The online survey has been distributed to 55 addiction psychiatrists from the third-level medical organizations of 4th federal districts (including Northwestern, South, Volga, and North Caucasian) from June 09 to June 20, 2020. The survey consists of 17 items (13 questions were focused on the features of progress and clinical signs of alcohol dependence in hospitalized, in-patient individuals during April-May, 2020; 4 questions were focused on the organizational issues of addiction care in the RF regions during the COVID-19 pandemic).Results.Based on the expert`s assessment, the number of admissions at inpatient and outpatient clinical settings was reduced during the pandemic. In addition, the intensity of alcohol withdrawal among patients who were hospitalized during April-May, 2020 were significantly more severe compared to patients who were hospitalized during February-March, 2020 (Pearson’s chi-squared test). Moreover, alcohol withdrawal was more severe and was associated with alcohol withdrawal delirium (4,7%) or seizures (4,7%) in 9,4% of cases among patients with COVID positive status, which exceeds the data of epidemiological studies. The intensity of alcohol withdrawal delirium among patients with COVID positive status was more severe compared to those who had COVID negative status. During April-June, 2020, the few addiction clinics were temporally closed due to quarantine but a majority of clinics were not (n = 14 (25,5%) vs. n = 41 (74,5%)).Conclusion.During the COVID-19 pandemic, the state of patients hospitalized for treatment of alcohol dependence may be considered more severe, compared to the period February-April 2020.
Structure of anxiety and stress as factors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance
Authors: Sorokin M. Y. , Lutova N. B. , Mazo G. E. , Neznanov N. G. , Kasyanov E. D. , Rukavishnikov G. V. , Makarevich O. V. , Khobeys M. А.
Published: August 2021

Threats to life and health, the public health crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to 1) accelerated development of vaccines, 2) adverse psychological reactions in the population.Aim: to identify differences in stress, anxiety, protective behavior strategies, and the socio-demographic characteristics of online survey participants, who reported opposing attitudes to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Materials and Methods. In December 2020-January 2021, 131 respondents were assessed (men—21.4%). The Psychological Stress Scale (PSM 25), original questionnaires to evaluate pandemic concerns and protective behavior strategies with special question about COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were used. Effect sizes obtained using Cohen’s d and Cramer’s V measures were calculated for groups, the differences between which were significant (p≤0.05).Results. A 47.3% sample, having PSM-25 rates above the threshold (100 points), showed a distress reaction to the pandemic due to anxiety stress. Compared to the spring of 2020, the number of concerns associated with a noticeable stress growth (ES≥0.34) increased from two to six. Psychological distress, concerns about the possible lack of medication for daily intake, harsh social consequences and self-isolation were associated with only foreign producer vaccine acceptance (ES=0.3-0.5). Absence of excessive fears for own life, concerns about the lack of personal protective equipment and unacceptance of gloves as a measure to prevent infection (ES=0.3-0.4) were important factors associated with any producer vaccine acceptance. Men, comparing to women, were more positive in vaccine acceptance.Conclusion. The anxiety distress is an important factor in the rational attitude to coronavirus infection vaccine.
On the taxonomic status of Lygus israelensis Linnavuori, 1962 (Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Aglyamzyanov R.S.
Published: August 2021

Lygus israelensis Linnavuori, 1962 is shown to be a separate species, not a subspecies of L. gemellatus.