bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental niche variation and evolutionary diversification of the Brachypodium distachyon grass complex species in their native circum‐Mediterranean range
Authors: López‐Alvarez Diana , Manzaneda Antonio J. , Rey Pedro J. , Giraldo Patricia , Benavente Elena , Allainguillaume Joël , Mur Luis , Caicedo Ana L. , Hazen Samuel P. , Breiman Adina , Ezrati Smadar , Catalán Pilar
Published: July 2015

• Premise of the study: We conducted environmental niche modeling (ENM) of the Brachypodium distachyon s.l. complex, a model group of two diploid annual grasses (B. distachyon, B. stacei) and their derived allotetraploid (B. hybridum), native to the circum‐Mediterranean region. We (1) investigated the ENMs of the three species in their native range based on present and past climate data; (2) identified potential overlapping niches of the diploids and their hybrid across four Quaternary windows; (3) tested whether speciation was associated with niche divergence/conservatism in the complex species; and (4) tested for the potential of the polyploid outperforming the diploids in the native range.

• Methods: Geo‐referenced data, altitude, and 19 climatic variables were used to construct the ENMs. We used paleoclimate niche models to trace the potential existence of ancestral gene flow among the hybridizing species of the complex.

• Key results: Brachypodium distachyon grows in higher, cooler, and wetter places, B. stacei in lower, warmer, and drier places, and B. hybridum in places with intermediate climatic features. Brachypodium hybridum had the largest niche overlap with its parent niches, but a similar distribution range and niche breadth.

• Conclusions: Each species had a unique environmental niche though there were multiple niche overlapping areas for the diploids across time, suggesting the potential existence of several hybrid zones during the Pleistocene and the Holocene. No evidence of niche divergence was found, suggesting that species diversification was not driven by ecological speciation but by evolutionary history, though it could be associated to distinct environmental adaptations.
Phylogeny, systematics, and trait evolution of Carex section Glareosae
Authors: Maguilla Enrique , Escudero Marcial , Waterway Marcia J. , Hipp Andrew L. , Luceño Modesto
Published: July 2015

• Premise of the study: The circumboreal Carex section Glareosae comprises 20–25 currently accepted species. High variability in geographic distribution, ecology, cytogenetics, and morphology has led to historical problems both in species delimitation and in circumscribing the limits of the section, which is one of the major tasks facing caricologists today.

• Methods: We performed phylogenetic reconstructions based on ETS, ITS, G3PDH, and matK DNA sequences from 204 samples. Concatenation of gene regions in a supermatrix approach to phylogenetic reconstruction was compared to coalescent‐based species‐tree estimation. Ancestral state reconstructions were performed for eight morphological characters to evaluate correspondence between phylogeny and traits used in traditional classification within the section.

• Key results: The results confirm the existence of a core Glareosae comprising 23–25 species. Most species constitute exclusive lineages, and relationships among species are highly resolved with both the supermatrix and coalescent‐based species‐tree approaches. We used ancestral state reconstruction to investigate sources of homoplasy underlying traditional taxonomy and species circumscription. We found that even species apparently not constituting exclusive lineages are morphologically homogeneous, raising the question of whether paraphyly of species is a phylogenetic artifact in our study or evidence of widespread homoplasy in characters used to define species.

• Conclusions: This study demonstrates the monophyly of Carex section Glareosae and establishes a phylogenetic framework for the section. Homoplasy makes many of morphological characters difficult to apply for taxon delimitation. The strong concordance between supermatrix and species‐tree approaches to phylogenetic reconstructions suggests that even in the face of incongruence among molecular markers, section‐level or species‐level phylogenies in Carex are tractable.
DEPENDENCIES OF THE LEAD OF FRONT DRIVING WHEELS ON DIFFERENT TIRE DEFORMATIONS FOR A MFWD TRACTOR
Authors: Janulevičius Algirdas , Pupinis Gediminas , Lukštas Justas , Damanauskas Vidas , Kurkauskas Vaclovas
Published: July 2015

Tractors are the main machines in agricultural production processes. Agricultural tractors commonly employ a four-wheel drive transmission. To reach maximum efficiency in production works, tractors are loaded by as high thrust as possible. The consequence of it, quite often, is that the slippage of driving wheels grows to the limit that is not allowed. To reduce the slippage, various ways are pointed out in terramechanics. One way is to increase the tractor’s weight by adding ballast. The other way is to increase the contact area between tires and the supporting surface. The slippage can be also reduced with traction control and other relevant systems. These methods, which help to reduce slippage, also affect tire deformation. When proportion of tires deformation is not the same as proportion of their sizes, the consequence is change of the lead of front wheels. In this paper analysis is presented, how the lead of front wheels affects the work of MFWD tractor in different conditions. Test results are presented for a MFWD tractor, how the lead of front wheels varies depending on deformation ratios between front and rear tires. For a MFWD tractor, values of deformation ratio between front and rear tires were determined, which ensured effective and which produced unreasonable values of lead of front wheels.
List of primary types of the larentiine moth species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) described from Indonesia - a starting point for biodiversity assessment of the subfamily in the region
Authors: Schmidt Olga
Published: July 2015

The Indonesian geometrid moth fauna is rich and diverse, yet it is poorly studied. This is particularly the case for the second largest geometrid subfamily Larentiinae which comprises moths with predominantly high mountainous distribution in the tropics. The present study provides a first inventory of the primary type specimens of larentiine moth species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) described from Indonesia.

The list of species described from Indonesia is arranged alphabetically by the tribe, genus, and species, and presents data on 251 species and subspecies. For each species type status, type locality, depository, and a full reference to the original description are listed. Synonyms with Indonesian type localities are included. The study indicates a large part of the Indonesian geometrid fauna belong to the tribe Eupitheciini.
Melampyrum sylvaticum as a pre-diapause host plant of the scarce fritillary (Euphydryas maturna) in Finland
Authors: Nieminen Marko
Published: July 2015

The scarce fritillary Euphydryas (Hypodryas) maturna (L.) is included in the Habitats Directive's Annexes II and IV(a). Therefore, it is crucially important to be able to define the habitat and breeding places of E. maturna in a correct and unbiased way.

Data on a previously unknown pre-diapause main host plant, the small cow-wheat (Melampyrum sylvaticum L.), of Euphydryas maturna in Finland is presented.
Metodología de diseño, observación y cálculo de redes geodésicas interiores en túneles de ferrocarril de alta velocidad
Authors: Velasco J. , Herrero T. , Molina I. , López J. , Pérez-Martín E. , Prieto J.
Published: July 2015

El guiado de las Tuneladoras durante su avance debe apoyarse en los puntos determinados inmediatamente detrás de ellas. Conseguir las precisiones requeridas presentaría algunas dificultades en condiciones normales con respecto al exterior, pero en el interior de un túnel se plantean ciertos factores que ensombrecen el panorama. El más importante y difícil de tratar es el de la refracción lateral.

El diseño de redes interiores es uno de los principales problemas, desde el punto de vista geodésico y topográfico, el cual tiene unas características tales que todos los textos de topografía de precisión aconsejan evitar. Con estas redes se va guiando la tuneladora y en ningún momento dicha red vuelve a tener comprobación sobre otros puntos de control. A medida que la red va avanzando, las precisiones obtenidas de sus coordenadas van empeorando de forma exponencial. Este trabajo establece una metodología para el diseño de redes planimétricas interiores.
The Adoption of Instructional Technologies in Teacher Education
Authors: Nwokeocha Steve
Published: July 2015

This chapter advocates for a turn to the positive side of the situation and the need to create a multiplier effect with available technologies and capabilities which at the long run could enable Nigeria to leapfrog and catch up with the advanced countries in terms of quality of teaching and learning. The chapter consequently discusses some of the new ideas and concepts that may well be exploited to improve teacher education through technology. It calls for more research, sensitization and capacity building of teachers and students about such new ideas and concepts for the benefit of the Nigerian education system. The chapter is written primarily based on the practical experiences of the author as a teacher educator and active participant in world conferences that, over the years, have devoted attention to best practical cases that have worked in various developing parts of the world.
Education Paradigm and Globalization
Authors: Cansever Belgin Arslan
Published: July 2015

Globalization is a process that has certain social, cultural, political, psychological, ecological and economical effects on societies. Education systems has been affected by developments occurring in social, economical, cultural, technological and political areas. In this chapter author discusses education paradigm and global values together. Nevertheles this chapter focuses on positive and negative aspects of globalization; dimensions of globalization and the characteristics of the information society. In addition, the effects of globalization on educational institutions are evaluated through the specific example of the Turkish Educational System. The final focus is on how to integrate the primary school curriculum with global values.
Leadership and Management in Instructional Technology in Teacher Education
Authors: Erdem Ali Rıza
Published: July 2015

This chapter evaluated leadership and management of instructional technology in teacher education. It recalls that training and educating teachers is of great importance to society. Teachers can have either positive or negative effects on students which can impact on society. A lot of models have been produced for training and educating teachers. According to Wallace (1991), the most common models are skill, applied science and reflective models. The management of the equipment dimension of educational technologies in teacher training is the effective use of the available equipment. Information technology used in the inservice training provided for teachers who are officially teachers, and in the preservice training provided for preservice teachers, should be applied at the top level. The leadership in the dimension of the equipment of educational technologies in teacher training is that it is regularly renewed by the state of the art technology. First of all, it is needed to use updated information technology in order to achieve the equipment target used in preservice training for preservice teachers and inservice training for teachers at the top level.
A Scientometric Analysis of AIAA Journals
Authors: S. Aswathy , Pal Srimanta
Published: July 2015

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) is a professional organization, integral part of the aerospace community who monitors and often records the activities of its members, through books, papers, journals and conferences AAIAA's mission is to address the professional needs and interests of the past, current, and future aerospace workforce and to advance the state of aerospace science, engineering, technology, operations, and policy to benefit our global society topics. One of the important contributions of these Journals is review and survey papers by experts. The present study in this chapter evaluates the document contributions in these journals based on the data collected from Web of Science over a period of thirteen years from 2000 to 2012. The study reveals that Chemistry is the subject which produces more number of papers while the multi-authorship also possesses a lead role in this subject.
Open Access Initiatives and Institutional Repositories
Authors: S. Naseehath
Published: July 2015

This chapter gives an over view of Open access initiatives and institutional repositories. It emphasizes the emergence and development of open access initiatives from various international declarations up to its present stage. Definitions, types, characteristic features and impact of open access on various sectors are discussed. Open access initiatives in India are briefly included. DOAJ and other global organizations are taken in to discussion with their recent events. Objectives of Institutional repositories are given with an emphasis on institutional repositories in India. It throws light on DOAR and ROAR. Types of institutional repositories and softwares used to create them are also discussed. Earlier and latest institutional repositories in India are listed in tables. Major Indian institutional repositories with their software used are also in the table form. Role of librarians and libraries on open access and institutional repositories are also included followed by a conclusion for the whole chapter.
Information Seeking Behaviour in Changing ICT Environment
Authors: Stephen G. , Murugan M.
Published: July 2015

Information is all around us and is the staple diet of human beings. Information is variously perceived as facts, intelligence, data, news and knowledge. Information has been a common ingredient to all areas of human endeavor, be it the day-today affairs of business, matters of life and death or the most trivial of pursuits. In a modern industrial society there are negligibly few individuals, who do not, from time to time, occasionally or frequently have any requirement for information. It is an essential accompaniment of almost every social activity. Information is considered as important that contributes towards the development of a nation. It provides the core for the development of knowledge, the basis for innovations, the resources for informed citizenry, and as a result, becomes a key commodity for the progress of a society. This study carried out about the use of ICT services to search the information. It is clear that most of the respondents 84.9% use to browse the internet for study purpose, 76.9% of the respondents use ICT services to use e-mail facility, 59.3% respondents use for to search online database, 46.9% of the respondents use ICT services for to access e- journal, 30.1% of the respondents use ICT services for to search CD-ROM database and 29.2% of the respondents use to use OPAC services.. A few respondents use ICT for to scan/ print (29.2).
The Rigorous Security Risk Management Model
Authors: Rjaibi Neila , Rabai Latifa Ben Arfa
Published: July 2015

This chapter presents the security concepts terminologies (threat, risk, security risk management, security risk management process, security threat model) and present the state of the art of security risk management models, compare and discuss strengths and weaknesses of such models. Then it presents the Mean Failure Cost (MFC) model for quantifying security threats as a rigorous measure of cyber security, and as a cascade of linear models in order to estimate the system security using the loss of a given stakeholders as a result of security breakdown. Finally it presents an overview of the applicability of the MFC measure to e-systems. In the conclusion, the chapter criticizes the MFC Cyber Security Measure and presents an overview of different perspectives.
Developing Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) in Cyberspace between Pakistan and India
Authors: Yamin Tughral
Published: July 2015

Cyberspace is at once an area of immense cooperation and a no-holds barred arena for competition. Difficulties in creating a stable environment in cyberspace stem from differing national perceptions regarding the freedom of the Internet, application of international law and problems associated with attribution. Information space has no borders and no recognized rules of engagement or internationally accepted regulatory mechanisms. State parties, freelancers, criminals and terrorists all consider cyber operations beyond the pale of international jurisdiction. Some agreements have emerged concerning cybercrime but cyber warfare remains outside binding legal obligations. In the absence of a consensus on treaty obligations, it is a good idea to begin by constructing credible confidence building measures (CBMs) in information space between rival states. The prospects of an unintentional war as a consequence of a cyber-attack can spell disaster for South Asia. This paper discusses a range of CBMs that can be created between India and Pakistan in cyber space to control malicious cyber behavior and avert an inadvertent war. It advocates cyber cooperation instead of cyber warfare.
Cyberinsecurity and Cyberwarfare
Authors: Chong Alan
Published: July 2015

This chapter seeks to define the term “cyberinsecurity” as the intersection of human fears and errors with user behaviour in a digital setting. Examining links between psychology and human-computer interaction, the author explores several case studies set against the context of cyber-authoritarianism in Asian countries and argues that any attempts to address or advance studies in cybersecurity and cyberwarfare must be grounded in a solid foundation of current social science theory.
Towards A Contingency Model for Assessing Strategic Information Systems Planning Success in Medium Enterprises
Authors: Kekwaletswe Ray M
Published: July 2015

Strategic planning of information systems is vital in the business environment and this is still an open issue in the management information systems research. Through planning, organisations develop effective long-term use of information systems and subsequently ensuring the support of organisational objectives. This chapter develops a contingency model for measuring the success of strategic information systems planning in the context of medium enterprises. The contingency theory, as an analytical lens, advocates that organisational success can be achieved by matching organisational characteristics to the contextual factors. Drawing from this notion, this chapter postulates that the strategic information systems planning process, as a phase, may lead to successful planning. This relationship is moderated by contingency variables characterised by the presence of environmental uncertainty, organisational structure, government and policies, business strategy orientation and information systems maturity. This chapter studies the moderating role of contingency variables and identifies the influential factors and their effect.
Enterprise Architecture for Business Objectives
Authors: Mphahlele Leshoto , Iyamu Tiko
Published: July 2015

The demand for better services by customers and citizens keeps increasing at a rapid rate, enabling organizations the leverage towards competitive advantage. The enterprise architecture (EA) has merged as a possible solution for addressing organizational challenges, as well as for competitiveness and sustainability. The EA deployment involves agents, which are both human and non-human. The agents, based on their interest, influences and determines how the EA is deployed. During the deployment of EA, agents transform themselves in accordance to their interest at the time and space, making the process challenging in achieving the organisational needs. As examined and presented by this chapter, understanding of agents' interests is significant if the challenges that they pose are to be managed for successful deployment of EA. The chapter presents the impact of agents on the deployment of EA in organizations, through the lens of structuration theory.
Playing with Traffic
Authors: Kracheel Martin , McCall Rod , Koenig Vincent
Published: July 2015

This chapter explores a novel methodology used to develop gamified mobility applications for a heavily congested European city. The methodology consists of three elements: a metaphorical traffic game, a complex and comprehensive mobility logging approach and two focus groups. The daily commute is explained as part of a real life traffic game that changes user behaviour. The methodology allows for the identification of travel activity patterns and attitudes that in turn can be used to develop gamified mobility applications. The chapter provides concrete game elements and design considerations that can be used to improve the traffic experience in Luxembourg.
Trends in Human Resource Development in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mpofu Stanley
Published: July 2015

The rebranding of adult learning at CONFINTEA V (1997) as an integral component of human resource development for sustainable development paved the way for greater flexibility and innovation in education provision. This chapter illustrates how this development has challenged the traditional methods of teaching and learning in Zimbabwe. Accordingly, the chapter show-cases three major trends that have emerged, namely, the formalization of non-formal education and vice versa, the “universalization” of continuing education and the non-formalization of informal education. Whereas the formalization of non-formal education has occurred throughout the education system (from school through to university) the non-formalization of formal education has been confined to university education. The “universalization” of continuing education is evident in the adoption by universities of many continuing education programs that were traditionally beyond their scope. And, informal education has been non-formalized via trade-testing of informal artisans such as carpenters and builders.
The Supervision of Programs in Prisons and Rehabilitation Department
Authors: Mosweunyane Dama , Montsho Cheneso Bolden
Published: July 2015

Supervision is very important in the running of any organisation that aims to execute its functions for the benefit of the people in the milieu in which it exists, such as prisons in Botswana. In the discipline organisations such as the Prisons and Rehabilitation department, supervision is strongly guided by the organisational structure and the need to maintain the highest standards of discipline. This explains the reason why professionals who get enlisted in the organisation undergo training that qualifies them to adhere to the prescribed standards and codes of behaviour in the organisation. The supervision in Botswana prisons has become important because of the need to rehabilitate offenders so that they become acceptable members of their respective communities. The prisons do have programs that are geared towards making the stay of prisoners in prisons more as an epoch characterised by training, than that of punishment. The chapter will demonstrate that supervision is important for prisons to run smoothly, with explicit recognisable harmonisation of activities within the institution.
Striking a Perfect Fit in Leadership Style for Effective Farmer Training in Botswana
Authors: Tladi Flora M.
Published: July 2015

Botswana since pre-independence days prides itself with decades of experience in development planning supported by structural frameworks comprising networks of institutions at central government and village levels responsible for leadership and coordination of affairs. Unfortunately when problems arise, development planners focus on the structural frameworks alone disregarding the leadership powering development planning at different structural levels and diverse stakeholder dynamics at play. Therefore, re-structuring is always the common solution even though not necessarily the best intervention. The trend is noted with farmer training whose program organization has for 79 years undergone cycles of re-structuring. The chapter argues for a holistic evaluation approach to always check the fit between the leadership style and whether the power processes at the different structural levels are in synch. The chapter advocates for well aligned leadership style with structural frameworks and recommends a leadership style that can be a perfect fit for effective farmer training.
A Case Study of Innovation Platforms for Agricultural Research, Extension, and Development
Authors: Gboku Matthew L. S. , Modise Oitshepile M. , Bebeley Jenneh F.
Published: July 2015

Stakeholder organizations clearly need to have more than a symbolic role in IAR4D decision making. They are currently hindered by their lack of knowledge of leadership roles and capacity to implement the IAR4D. In this chapter, the authors have presented the use of the IAR4D in Sierra Leone with clear justification of how it fits into contemporary approaches and interventions at the national, regional and global levels. The chapter focuses on the “Dissemination of New Agricultural Technologies in Africa (DONATA)” project in Sierra Leone as a shining example of leadership development and adult learning in both formal and non-formal settings. The authors highlight current challenges of the use of innovation platforms through IARD and articulate implications of the case study for adult education, agricultural extension and non-formal training in agricultural research institutions. The chapter ends with recommendations for surmounting the current challenges of the case described.
Natural Language Processing as Feature Extraction Method for Building Better Predictive Models
Authors: Klepac Goran , Velić Marko
Published: July 2015

This chapter covers natural language processing techniques and their application in predicitve models development. Two case studies are presented. First case describes a project where textual descriptions of various situations in call center of one telecommunication company were processed in order to predict churn. Second case describes sentiment analysis of business news and describes practical and testing issues in text mining projects. Both case studies depict different approaches and are implemented in different tools. Language of the texts processed in these projects is Croatian which belongs to the Slavic group of languages with more complex morphologies and grammar rules than English. Chapter concludes with several points on the future research possible in this domain.
Building a Model of Employee Training through Holistic Analysis of Biological, Psychological, and Sociocultural Factors
Authors: Schenck Andrew
Published: July 2015

While theories of adult learning and motivation are often framed as being either biological, psychological, or sociocultural, they represent a more complex, integral process. To gain a more holistic perspective of this process, a study was designed to concurrently investigate relationships between a biological factor (age), psychological factors (motivation for training, perceived work limitations), and sociocultural factors (occupation, purpose of training, and work habits). The Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) was used to elicit information about these factors in regards to work training. Data obtained was statistically correlated to age using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results suggest that the interaction of multiple variables governs several shifts in motivation and need for training as adults age. Contrary to traditional theories of adult education, data suggest that a mixture of pedagogical and andragogical teaching styles is necessary for adult learners.
Instructional Alignment of Workplace Readiness Skills in Marketing Education
Authors: Martin Sarah J. , Reed Philip A.
Published: July 2015

This study examined high school marketing education teachers' knowledge of workplace readiness skills and whether that knowledge had an impact on student workplace readiness skill achievement. Further, this study examined the usage of Virginia's 13 Workplace Readiness Skills curriculum and identified the teaching methods and instructional strategies used to disseminate the skills to students. Three sets of data were used for this study: teacher workplace readiness skills data, teacher survey data, and student workplace readiness skills post-test data. Pearson's correlation was used to determine whether teacher knowledge of workplace readiness skills had an impact on student attainment of the same. The results showed that while overall teacher scores did not show a statistical significance on overall student scores, there were four individual skill areas in which there was a relationship between teacher and student scores.
Towards Collaborative Multidimensional Query Recommendation with Triadic Association Rules
Authors: Selmane Sid Ali , Boussaid Omar , Bentayeb Fadila
Published: July 2015

This paper describes a new personalization process for decisional queries through a new approach based on triadic association rules mining. This process exploits the decision query log files of end users and follows these five steps: (1) generation of a triadic context from the multidimensional query logs of OLAP1 query analysis server; (2) mapping the triadic context into the dyadic one; (3) computation of (conventional) dyadic association rules; (4) generation of triadic association rules through a factorization process of dyadic ones and convey a richer semantics. The aim of the personalization approach which is based on triadic rules is to recommend new decision queries to OLAP end users sharing some common properties. This paper aims at helping this class of users by recommending them personalized OLAP queries that they might use in their future OLAP sessions. To validate the approach, the authors developed a software prototype called P-TRIAR (Personalization based on TRIadic Association Rules) which extracts two types of triadic association rules from decision query log files. The first type of triadic rules will serve to the recommending queries by taking the collaborative aspect of OLAP users into account. The second type of triadic rules will enrich user queries. Preliminary experiments were conducted on both real and synthetic datasets to assess the quality of the recommendations in term of precision and recall measures, as well as the performance of their on-line computation.
Minor and trace element distribution in the heavy minerals of the rivers and streams of the Bathurst-Jacquet River district, New Brunswick
Authors: Boyle R W , Shafiqullah M , Durham C C , Tupper W M , Friedrich G , Ziauddin M , Carter M , Bygrave K
Published: July 2015

This report describes the elemental distribution in heavy minerals collected from stream sediments in the Bathurst-Jacquet River district of New Brunswick.
In a general way the variations of the elemental content of the heavy minerals reflects underlying bedrock and it appears that heavy mineral sampling in detail would be a useful way to conduct a reconnaissance geochemical survey for mineral deposits in the area.
Geological Survey of Canada radiocarbon dates XVI
Authors: Lowdon J A , Blake W
Published: July 2015

This list includes 83 radiocarbon age determinations on 80 geological samples made by the Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory. They are on samples from various areas as follows: Nova Scotia (8); Quebec (5); Ontario (7); Manitoba (8); Saskatchewan(1); Alberta(1);
British Columbia (16); Yukon Territory (22); Northwest Territories, Mainland (5); Northwest Territories, Arctic Archipelago (9); United States of America (1). Details of background and standard for the 2- litre and 5-litre counters during the period from April 1, 1975 to August 4, 1976 are
summarized in Tables l and 2; Table 3 gives the number of counts used to determine the average background and standard counting rates; and Table 4 lists the number of different background and standard gas preparations used for counting.
Gold content and geochemistry of iron-formation in Canada
Authors: Gross G A
Published: July 2015

Gold content in ninety samples representing four major lithological facies of iron-formation was determined by neutron activation methods. Gold values in 63 samples from 27 different Algoma type iron-formations range from 0.001 ppm to 0.130 ppm and the average
content in 55 samples of oxide facies is 0.038 ppm, the median content is 0.025 ppm. Gold content in 27 samples from 16 Lake Superior type iron-formations ranges from 0.001 ppm to 0.075 ppm and the average content for 17 oxide facies specimens is 0.016 ppm, median content is ~.007 ppm. The
samples represent fresh unaltered material that was free of veins or fractures filled with later minerals and the gold is believed to be of syngenetic origin. The amounts of major and minor elements in the 90 samples analyzed for gold are compared with the mean content values for 27 constituents in
iron-formations from 28 areas in Canada as determined from the analytical data for 1500 samples. The amounts of some constituents differ appreciably in a single iron-formation, in different facies and types, and from one iron-formation to another. No obvious trends were found in the distribution of
gold in relation to other elements or types of associated rocks. The distribution of chemical constituents in major facies of iron-formation from different areas is discussed.
Permafrost temperature data 2008-2014 from community based monitoring sites in Nunavut
Authors: Ednie M , Smith S L
Published: July 2015

The Geological Survey of Canada collaborated with Nunavut communities and the territorial government to establish ten permafrost monitoring sites between 2008 and 2009. A summary of ground temperature data collected over a five year period is presented as a
digital database. This information improves the characterization of permafrost thermal state and support climate change adaptation planning in Nunavut communities. Records of permafrost temperature indicate that mean annual temperatures at 15 m depth range from -5.06 °C in Pangnirtung to -11.93
°C in Resolute Bay. In the approximately 5 years since site establishment, ground temperatures at 15 m depth have increased between 0.04 ºC/year and 0.25 ºC/year with an average increase of 0.17 ºC/year for all sites.
Regional centroid moment tensor solutions for eastern Canadian earthquakes: 2014
Authors: Bent A L
Published: July 2015

Regional centroid moment tensor solutions have been determined for twelve moderate-sized earthquakes in eastern Canada during 2014. The moment tensor inversion method is used to determine the focal mechanism, depth and seismic moment of the earthquakes. These
parameters, in turn, provide information about the seismotectonic environment in which the earthquakes occur and may help improve seismic hazard estimates. The purpose of this report is not to provide an in-depth analysis of any specific earthquake but to catalog the solutions and data used to
obtain them to make them available for future research projects.
Enabling disability inclusive practices within the University of Cape Town curriculum: A case study
Authors: Ohajunwa Chioma , Mckenzie Judith , Lorenzo Theresa
Published: July 2015

Background: Disability inclusion in the curricula of higher education institutions contributes to socially responsive graduates with a capacity to address the cross-cutting issue of disability in development. This article discusses a study conducted at the University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa, to explore disability inclusion. Methodology: An instrumental case study approach was adopted and a thematic analysis of data was done. Findings: Academic staff found a variety of ways to include disability, such as discussions in class, practice and service learning, but mainly as part of disciplinary requirements. Including disability as an issue of social justice stems mostly from the personal interest of staff, and is done in an ad hoc manner. Conclusion: Disability should be valued, and integrated into the curriculum in a structured manner as a perspective on diversity with which to interrogate our beliefs about ourselves and society. Theorising on disability is needed, as well as the unique perspectives that emerge across interdisciplinary boundaries, especially within the African context.
Research Protocol: Development, implementation and evaluation of a cognitive behavioural therapy-based intervention programme for the management of anxiety symptoms in South African children with visual impairments
Authors: Visagie Lisa , Loxton Helene , Silverman Wendy K.
Published: July 2015

Background: Childhood anxiety presents a serious mental health problem, and it is one of the most common forms of psychological distress reported by youth worldwide. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms amongst South African youth is reported to be significantly higher than in other parts of the world. These high prevalence rates become even more significant when viewed in terms of children with visual impairments, as it is suggested that children with physical disabilities may be more prone, than their non-disabled peers, for the development of psychological difficulties. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to develop, implement and evaluate a specifically tailored anxiety intervention programme for use with South African children with visual impairments. Method: A specifically tailored cognitive-behavioural therapy-based anxiety intervention, for 9–13 year old South African children with visual impairments, will be evaluated in two special schools. The study will employ a randomised wait-list control group design with pre- postand follow-up intervention measures, with two groups each receiving a 10 session anxiety intervention programme. The main outcome measure relates to the participants’ symptoms of anxiety as indicated on the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. Conclusion: If the anxiety intervention programme is found to be effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety, this universal intervention will lay down the foundation upon which future contextually sensitive (South African) anxiety intervention programmes can be built.
Deaf identities in a multicultural setting: The Ugandan context
Authors: Mugeere Anthony B. , Atekyereza Peter , Kirumira Edward K. , Hojer Staffan
Published: July 2015

Often located far apart from each other, deaf and hearing impaired persons face a multiplicity of challenges that evolve around isolation, neglect and the deprivation of essential social services that affect their welfare and survival. Although it is evident that the number of persons born with or acquire hearing impairments in later stages of their lives is increasing in many developing countries, there is limited research on this population. The main objective of this article is to explore the identities and experiences of living as a person who is deaf in Uganda. Using data from semi-structured interviews with 42 deaf persons (aged 19–41) and three focus group discussions, the study findings show that beneath the more pragmatic identities documented in the United States and European discourses there is a matrix of ambiguous, often competing and manifold forms in Uganda that are not necessarily based on the deaf and deaf constructions. The results further show that the country’s cultural, religious and ethnic diversity is more of a restraint than an enabler to the aspirations of the deaf community. The study concludes that researchers and policy makers need to be cognisant of the unique issues underlying deaf epistemologies whilst implementing policy and programme initiatives that directly affect them. The upper case ‘D’ in the term deaf is a convention that has been used since the early 1970s to connote a ‘socially constructed visual culture’ or a linguistic, social and cultural minority group who use sign language as primary means of communication and identify with the deaf community, whereas the lower case ‘d’ in deaf refers to ‘the audio logical condition of hearing impairment’. However, in this article the lower case has been used consistently.
Bee sting of the cornea: A running case report
Authors: Höllhumer Roland , Carmichael Trevor R.
Published: July 2015

Bee stings that present with ocular sequelae are infrequently reported in the literature. The present report is of a retained corneal bee stinger with a delayed presentation. A review of case reports reveals a number of potential ocular complications of bee stings. The ocular sequelae and treatment options are reviewed.
Retrospective review of ocular alignment after large-angle congenital esotropia surgery
Authors: Höllhumer Roland , Vallabh Bhavesh , Carmichael Trevor
Published: July 2015

Objective: The study’s aims were to evaluate the success of bimedial rectus recession as a primary surgical procedure for patients with congenital esotropia; describe the demographic data of the study group; and compare surgical success with patient age at the time of surgery.Method: A retrospective review of 52 patients with congenital esotropia ≥ 50∆ (prism dioptres) was conducted. All patients underwent bimedial rectus recession and were followed-up postoperatively for a minimum of 6 months.Results: The study period was from January 1992 to September 2003. Fifty-two patients were included in the study group. The pre-operative angle of deviation ranged from 50∆–85∆. Patient ages ranged from 15 months to 22 years, with a mean of 5.3 years and a median of 4 years. The gender distribution was 42% male (n = 20) and 58% female (n = 28). Surgery was successful (within 10∆ of orthophoria) in 77% (n = 40), a partial success (10∆–20∆ from orthophoria) in 17% (n = 9) and a failure (> 20∆ from orthophoria) in 6% (n = 3). No statistically significant relationship was found between surgical success and patient age at the time of surgery.Conclusion: The study confirmed that bilateral medial rectus recession, performed as a primary procedure for patients with large-angle (> 50∆) congenital esotropia, has a high success rate. This finding corresponds with the outcomes of similar international studies.
The quality of doctoral nursing education in South Africa
Authors: Coetzee Siedine K. , Klopper Hester C. , Kim Mi J.
Published: July 2015

Background: The number of doctoral programmes in nursing has multiplied rapidly throughout the world. This has led to widespread concern about nursing doctoral education, specifically with regard to the quality of curricula and faculty, as well as to the availability of appropriate institutional resources. In South Africa, no study of these issues has been conducted at a national level.Objective: To explore and describe the quality of nursing doctoral education in South Africa from the perspectives of deans, faculty, doctoral graduates and students.Method: A cross-sectional survey design was used. All deans (N = 15; n = 12), faculty (N = 50; n = 26), doctoral graduates (N = 43; n = 26) and students (N = 106; n = 63) at South African nursing schools that offer a nursing doctoral programme (N = 16; n = 15) were invited to participate. Data were collected by means of structured email-mediated Quality of Nursing Doctoral Education surveys.Results: Overall, the graduate participants scored their programme quality most positively of all the groups and faculty scored it most negatively. All of the groups rated the quality of their doctoral programmes as good, but certain problems related to the quality of resources, students and faculty were identified.Conclusion: These evaluations, by the people directly involved in the programmes, demonstrated significant differences amongst the groups and thus provide valuable baseline data for building strategies to improve the quality of doctoral nursing education in South Africa.
A Christological approach to poverty in Africa: Following Christ amidst the needy
Authors: Verster Pieter
Published: July 2015

The serious challenges posed by poverty in Africa call for a new approach. A Christological approach to these issues inspires hope. A Christology from above, or ‘high’ Christology, has much to offer regarding God’s looking after humanity. Christ as the one for others humbled himself to give a life of fullness to the poorest and most ill, thereby bringing hope both for this life and for eternity. The approach followed should not lead to the exclusion of people, but rather to an endeavour to meet the challenge of brokenness. In societies where there is no hope left, the Christ of the wounded leads the way to new healing. Christ, verily God and verily human brings us before him in our totality, to be involved in all the needs of the community. The church should be the hands, feet and eyes of Christ for the needy.
An unexpected patron: A social-scientific and realistic reading of the parable of the Vineyard Labourers (Mt 20:1–15)
Authors: Van Eck Ernest , Kloppenborg John S.
Published: July 2015

Many readings of the Parable of the Labourers in the vineyard want to treat the owner as representing God. Knowledge of actual agricultural practices relating to the management of vineyards suggest, on the contrary, that the details of the parable obstruct an easy identification of the owner with God, and that he displays unusual behaviour not only by paying all the labourers the same wage, but by his very intervention in the hiring process. The conclusion reached is that the parable constructs the vineyard owner, typically one of the nouveau riche who lived in cities, not only as a ‘good employer’ but also, contrary to expectation, as a patron who intervened well beyond the strict norms of economic exchange.
Principles for the pastoral guidance process to women on matters related to human vulnerability and personal integrity
Authors: Du Plessis Amanda L.
Published: July 2015

Through the centuries, women from all over the world remain vulnerable to their social status. In some developed countries the situation has improved, but there are many countries where it is still unbearable. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) aims to assist in this regard by addressing ethical issues pertaining to medicine, life sciences and related technologies as applied to human beings with consideration of women’s social, legal and environmental dimensions. Yet pastoral counsellors on ground level are confronted with the need for assistance to women who suffer because of this exploitation. Therefore, the aim of this article is to focus on biblical principles that can serve as anchors to guide women regarding their human vulnerability and personal integrity when they experience suffering and hardship. The challenge facing the pastoral counsellor is to guide women to accept the reality of their situation within a certain framework, to adequately deal with this and, in spite of overwhelming emotions, continue to grow in personal integrity and healing.
The black church as the womb of black liberation theology?: Why the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA) is not a genuine black church?
Authors: Tshaka Rothney S.
Published: July 2015

This article sets forth a controversial thesis which suggests that the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa, although considered a black church, is in fact not a black church in the sense in which a radical black church is traditionally understood. A black church, it is argued, is perceived to be one that is a self-determined church which supports initiatives of ameliorating the depressive situations in which black people find themselves. References are made to black theology as a critical theology which was never accepted in the black church due to the dependency syndrome which was brought about by the white benevolence of the Dutch Reformed Church. This, it is argued, had become innate in the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa which still considers itself as a so-called daughter church of the white Dutch Reformed Church.
Olimpiese goud, 2008
Authors: Van der Mescht Heinrich
Published: July 2015

No abstract available.
Vertel, vertel!
Authors: Taljard Marlies
Published: July 2015

No abstract available.
The Family Practitioner’s role in the integrated continuum of cancer care
Authors: De Villiers Martin
Published: July 2015

No abstract available