bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the WTO in the Development of International Trade: History, Problems and Perspectives of International Trade Law. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis
Authors:   ,   Rīga Stradiņš University, Abuseridze Giga
Published: October 2021

The subject of this doctoral thesis is the Role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the Development of International Trade: History, Problems and Perspectives of International Trade law. The purpose of the present thesis is to explore the role of the WTO in the development of international trade, to research the possibilities of resolving trade disputes within the framework of the WTO law, to identify strengths and weaknesses of Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), to determine the status of a developing country and elaborate recommendations for the improvement of WTO legislation in compliance with fair trade. The present doctoral thesis consists of four chapters: The first chapter reviews international trade and main aspects of WTO legislation, analyses rules for international trade, defines strategy for WTO trade policy and the principles of legal pluralism and inter-legality, establishes correlation of norms of international law examines trade tensions and elaborates proposals for their solution. The second chapter, attempting to determine developing country status in the WTO, explores the categorization of a developing country by the World Bank, United Nations and International Monetary Fund (IMF). Experience of developing countries with enforcement of DSU rulings is analysed. Furthermore, application of more consultations and mediation at DSU is suggested as it would turn Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) into a more practical tool. This chapter also focuses on political stability and trade agreements as well as national security and cybersecurity which ensure the simplicity, stability and neutrality of trade agreements. The third chapter examines the peculiarities of legal status and overviews WTO disputes involving subsidies in the renewable energy sector that follows the WTO agenda. The fourth chapter reviews the trade policies and practices of Georgia as well as Georgia-WTO relationship in the historical context. The author retrospects trade relations between Georgia and Russia which, as the author qualifies, eventually developed into the “trade war” with a very clear political connotation and precedential character. This is the only and first attempt ever to analyse this case and to give it the qualification of “the trade war”. The present thesis consists of 196 pages and includes introduction, four chapters, conclusions, suggestions and interviews.
Laser interstitial thermal therapy in neuro-oncology applications
Authors: Hong Christopher S. , Kundishora Adam J. , Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Chiang Veronica L.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive surgical treatment for multiple intracranial pathologies that are of growing interest to neurosurgeons and their patients and is emerging as an effective alternative to standard of care open surgery in the neurosurgical armamentarium. This option was initially considered for those patients with medical comorbidities and lesion-specific characteristics that confer excessively high risk for resection through a standard craniotomy approach but indications are changing.

Methods:

The PubMed database was searched for studies in the English literature on LITT for the treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumors, meningiomas, as well as for radiation necrosis (RN) in previously irradiated brain tumors.

Results:

This review provides an update of the relevant literature regarding application of LITT in neurosurgical oncology for the treatment of de novo and recurrent primary gliomas and brain metastases radiographically regrowing after previous irradiation as recurrent tumor or RN. In addition, this review details the limited experience of LITT with meningiomas and symptomatic peritumoral edema after radiosurgery. The advantages and disadvantages, indications, and comparisons to standard of care treatments such as craniotomy for open surgical resection are discussed for each pathology. Finally, the literature on cost-benefit analyses for LITT are reviewed.

Conclusion:

The studies discussed in this review have helped define the role of LITT in neurosurgical oncology and delineate optimal patient selection and tumor characteristics most suitable to this intervention.
FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING OF SMALL BUSINESS IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD
Authors: Demianchuk Olha , Zhuk Kateryna
Published: October 2021

The article investigates the problems and features of small business functioning in Ukraine and abroad. The importance of small enterprises in the economies of developed countries and the impact on their competitiveness in the context of today's coronacrisis has been analyzed. The criteria for dividing all enterprises into small, medium and large in Ukraine and their comparison with foreign practice are indicated. The "Rating of obstacles" for the development of small and medium enterprises in Ukraine is indicated. The authors identified the factors that negatively affect the continuous functioning of small business and hinder its development. The development of the small business sector and the maintenance of a high level of competition is a key step towards ensuring the sustainable development of the national economy. Small business also contributes to the restructuring of the state, increasing production, creating new jobs and introducing innovative technologies in areas where large business would not be so effective. However, the path to starting a small business is uneven, with many pitfalls and obstacles to jump. Accordingly, the governments of most countries are obliged to support small businesses in any way to protect the economy as a whole. So, in order for small and medium-sized businesses to develop gradually, they desperately need clear and understandable rules of the game in today's market, as well as favorable conditions for uninterrupted operation. To this end, it is necessary to formulate a clear unified state policy on small business, using international experience.
THE ESSENCE OF THE POTENTIAL OF OVERCOMING THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Lola Yuliia
Published: October 2021

The technical structure of society and the existing concept of capitalist economic development cannot meet the current challenges of the XXI century, so it is important to consider the anti-crisis potential of countries, taking into account the conditions of its formation and use. Radical changes in the conditions of formation and attraction of anti-crisis potential require clarification of its essence taking into account the adaptability of public administration, technical capabilities of social production, as well as the human ability to make complex decisions on more efficient combination of resources in uncertainty. In terms of the 6th and 7th technological system, the "potential of regional development" is proposed to be defined as the ability of societies of certain territories to create metacognitive technologies to increase resource efficiency and the ability of societies to quickly integrate into the digital world. The development potential provides the system's ability to adapt to crisis phenomena and maintain the trend of economic growth. The anti-crisis potential (as additional), is involved in the impact of crisis phenomena and helps to overcome the negative impact that has led to a sharp decline in economic growth. A characteristic feature of the "crisis potential" concept is the ability to attract additional resources during the crisis, with the decisive role played by the level of adaptability of public administration, technical capabilities of social production, as well as the ability of labor to make complex decisions in uncertainty. Anti-crisis potential is an opportunity that in the process of anti-crisis management is transformed into an effective mechanism for counteracting crisis phenomena. In countries with strong economies (USA, Austria, Germany, France, Spain) there is a significant drop in GDP per capita during the global financial crisis of 2020, which was triggered by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. At the same time, there are countries (Israel, China), whose economic condition not only has not deteriorated, but undergone even further sustainable development. This trend is due to the fact that for some systems the crisis is not only a threat, but also provides opportunities for the formation of new combinations of resources, which leads to a significant economic effect and further development. If we conduct research the trends of countries' response to global crises and exit from crises, we can see different trajectories. It has been proven that some countries in the world are strengthening their economies after economic crises, so the term "economic potential of the global crisis" has been proposed. The economic potential of the crisis is the possibility for strong economic growth in the region, the ability of the national economy to achieve a strategic goal by using changes in the international market, changing the positions on the international arena.
AGRICULTURAL LAND IN UKRAINE AND CRYPT CURRENCY COINS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR REAL INVESTMENT
Authors: Gonak Ihor
Published: October 2021

In the absence of real objects for investment, the ability of economic entities to effectively distribute existing limited financial assets and form a quality investment portfolio is a guarantee for the investor not only to ensure high return on investment, but also to reduce investment risk. The emergence of cryptocurrencies in the second decade of the XXI century and the opening of the land market in Ukraine in mid-2021 for agricultural purposes have created new opportunities for investors to form highly liquid and highly profitable investment portfolios, using investment opportunities to buy farmland and cryptocurrencies. Together with the potentially high profitability of the investment portfolio formed from cryptocurrencies and agricultural land, there is no risk of complete depreciation of own savings in the future. The main purpose and task of the article is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of the current state and prospects of Ukrainian citizens' investment in agricultural land in Ukraine and cryptocurrency. In the process of research,, the following methods were used: analysis – to study the object and subject of research; abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions on the formation of the investment portfolio of cryptocurrencies and agricultural land). Agricultural land has been found to be a valuable limited resource that currently has a potentially low price, but will continue to rise in price and generate stable income and will never depreciate. Although investing in cryptocurrencies is associated with significant risks, cryptocurrency coins have the potential to significantly increase their value and limits of use, so investing in coins can bring significant returns in the long run. It is proposed for economic entities in Ukraine to form an investment portfolio for medium and long-term investment and periodic passive income, which will include Ukrainian agricultural lands and cryptocurrency coins. The formation of an investment portfolio of agricultural land in Ukraine and cryptocurrencies, in our opinion, is effective and appropriate, however, requires further research because agricultural land and cryptocurrencies as objects of investment in Ukraine are relatively new.
Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Bisnis di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Muhammadiyah 2 Pekanbaru
Authors: Salmiah Mia , Yulia Novita  , Novia Rahmawita
Published: October 2021

This research aimed at knowing the influence of students’ extrinsic learning motivation toward their learning achievement on Business Economics subject at Vocational High School of Muhammadiyah 2 Pekanbaru.  This research was instigated by students who could not reach the minimum standard of passing grade, so their learning achievement was not yet maximum.  It was a quantitative research.  The subjects of this research were the eleventh-grade students of Accounting 1 and 2 and Marketing.  Questionnaire and documentation were the techniques of collecting data.  The technique of analyzing the data was simple linear regression test.  Based on the research findings, it could be concluded that there was a significant influence of students’ extrinsic learning motivation toward their learning achievement on Business Economics subject at Vocational High School of Muhammadiyah 2 Pekanbaru.  It was proven by the comparison between robserved and rtabel, it was obtained that robserved was higher than rtabel at 5% and 1% errors (0.202<0.664>0.263), so H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted.  The contribution of the influence of students’ extrinsic learning motivation toward their learning achievement was 44.1%, and the rest (100%-44.1%=55.9%) was influenced by other factors that were not discussed in this research.
Effets des pratiques agro-écologiques sur les caractéristiques chimiques majeures et le stock de carbone du sol à l’Est du Burkina Faso
Authors: Gnissien Moussa , Coulibaly Kalifa , Traore Mamadou , Hien Mipro , Mathieu Bertrand , Nacro Hassan Bismarck
Published: October 2021

Les pays sahéliens sont confrontés au problème récurrent de la baisse de fertilité des sols. En réponse à cette baisse de fertilité des sols, diverses stratégies sont mises en œuvre par les producteurs en vue d’améliorer la fertilité des sols. L’étude a été conduite en milieu paysan, dans les villages de Bilanga yanga, Tiguili et Kolomi à l’Est du Burkina Faso. Elle a eu pour objectif d’évaluer les impacts de pratiques agro-écologiques sur les caractéristiques chimiques, le stock de carbone du sol et les rendements de sorgho. Les entretiens avec les producteurs ont permis de retenir les pratiques les plus répandues. Ce sont : Cordons Pierreux (CP) + Enfouissement de la paille de céréales (Enf) + Fumure Organique (FO) (5 parcelles), CP + FO (5 parcelles), CP + Zaï + FO (5 parcelles), Enf + FO (4 parcelles), FO (5 parcelles) et Témoin (5 parcelles). Globalement, les pratiques intégrant les cordons pierreux ont amélioré significativement (p < 0,05) les caractéristiques chimiques et le stock de carbone du sol. Les résultats ont montré une augmentation du stock de carbone de 20 % à 46 % pour les pratiques intégrant les cordons pierreux. Les pratiques agro-écologiques comportant les cordons pierreux seraient-elles les plus performantes dans l’amélioration de la fertilité des sols à l’Est du Burkina Faso ?
Forensic digest: the discourse on heinous crimes in Mindanao Court of Appeals
Authors: Rafal Grace S.
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the discourse of the Court of Appeals (CA) in Mindanao, Philippines. It examined the court decisions reversely decided in the Fiscal Year 2013 on heinous crimes filed in the Court of Appeals. This research focused on the different rhetorical and discursive devices employed in the court decisions and examined how these devices performed in the production of the text to grant the appellant’s request on the reversal of the decision in the case. It scrutinized the ideological themes in the reversed decisions through the lenses of Critical Discourse Analysis and Rhetorical Analysis. The different rhetorical devices employed in the court decisions are organized into preeminent rhetorical devices, or devices most often used in the court decisions, and peripheral rhetorical devices, or those minimally used. The Preeminent Rhetorical Devices are double speak, slanting, ambiguity, aphorism, repetition, subordinate clause / delayed sentence, periodic sentence, passivization, and active voice. The Peripheral Rhetorical Devices are weaselers, aporia, and hypophora. The discursive devices employed in the production of the Court Decisions are scene-setting, specificity /indirect quotes, blame, consensus/ collaboration, pre-modifiers, extreme case formulations, and disclaimers. The ideological themes manifested in the specimens are the power asymmetry and just to cast the blame by the victim or the family of the victim and by the law enforcers. under power asymmetry are unsound judgment among trial or lower courts, abuse of power by the trial or lower court and by the law enforcers or arresting officers, and poor as victims of injustices. The following generated postulates are: pre-arranged signal: a non-verbal forensic discourse; Rule on chain of custody: the mantra of the drug crime discourse; Extrajudicial oral confessions discourse; and The charge and solve discourse.
THE FORMATION OF DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM CONCEPT OF MARITIME TRANSPORT HUBS IN RUSSIA IN THE XXI CENTURY
Authors: Панамарева Олеся Николаевна
Published: October 2021

Статья посвящена одному из ключевых аспектов развития морских транспортных узлов на фоне цифровой трансформации экономики. Целью исследования является определение сути цифровой экосистемы мультимодальных морских транспортных узлов на основе выделения предпосылок ее формирования. Автором выделены проблемные вопросы, которые необходимо учитывать при разработке инновационных механизмов организации управления обозначенными сложными системами. Научная новизна полученных результатов: на основе комплексного и процессного подходов выявлены ключевые составляющие цифровой экосистемы мультимодального морского транспортного узла, предложена концепция ее формирования. По мнению автора, реализация последней будет способствовать созданию на основе информационных и интеллектуальных технологий эффективной инновационной системы комплексного стратегического и оперативного управления, переходу на новый качественный уровень оказания транспортных сопутствующих услуг и повышению конкурентоспособности страны.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the processes of the formation of a new global transport infrastructure in the context of the digitalization of public relations and the formation of a new management paradigm. To ensure the competitiveness and breakthrough development of domestic seaports, organizational and technical and technological breakthrough innovations are required. Traditional approaches to organizing interaction in the space of sea transport hubs have exhausted themselves. Based on the methods of system analysis, the vector of development of seaports in the XXI century is indicated; the main aspects that must be taken into account in the formation of innovative mechanisms for organizing the management of complex organizational and technical processes and systems (multimodal sea transport hubs) for the purpose of ensuring economic security and sustainable development of the Russian economy, in general, and transport, in particular. The concept of a digital ecosystem has been investigated, the essence of the category «smooth seamless transport service» regarding the transportation of goods has been concretized, the category «digital ecosystem of a multimodal sea transport hub» has been disclosed. On the basis of an integrated and process approach, the key components of the digital ecosystem of a multimodal maritime transport hub are determined and a concept for the formation of such an ecosystem is proposed.
THE CORRELATION DEPENDENCE OF PAYOFFS FOR MIXED STRATEGIES IN GAMES WITH NATURE
Authors: Горелик Виктор Александрович , Золотова Татьяна Валерьяновна
Published: October 2021

Цель исследования состоит в развитии и применении к задачам инвестирования методов принятия решений в играх с природой, учитывающих корреляцию случайных значений выигрышей для каждой пары чистых стратегий. При этом рассматриваются два критерия: математическое ожидание выигрыша и среднеквадратическое отклонение как оценка риска. Двухкритериальная модель принятия решений формализована путем перевода оценки риска в ограничение. Для такой обобщенной задачи квадратичного программирования получены аналитические методы решения. Приведен пример применения предложенного метода на реальных статистических данных.

The aim of the research is to develop and apply to investment problems the methods of decision-making in games with nature, considering the correlation of random values of payoffs for each pair of pure strategies. In this case, two criteria are considered: the mathematical expectation of a payoff and the standard deviation as a risk assessment. The two-criteria decision-making model is formalized by translating the risk assessment into a constraint. For such a generalized quadratic programming problem, analytical solution methods are obtained. An example of applying the proposed method to real statistical data is given.
NOISE PROTECTION EFFECT OF FOREST PARK AREAS OF TVER
Authors: Прокофьева Наталья Борисовна
Published: October 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению роли экранирования акустического загрязнения среды городскими лесопарковыми зонами.

The article is dedicated to considering the role of screening acoustic pollution of the environment by urban forest parks.
KHOJA NASREDIN BY LEONID SOLOVYOV: POETICS AND GENESIS OF THE IMAGE, IDEOLOGY OF THE HERO
Authors: Волохова Татьяна Витальевна
Published: October 2021

В статье представлен анализ образа Ходжи Насреддина, главного героя повести «Очарованный принц» Леонида Васильевича Соловьева, русского писателя середины ХХ века, - в фольклорном, мифологическом и литературном контексте. С одной стороны, Ходжа Насреддин - плут (трикстер), с другой - суфий (культурный герой).

In the article we present an analysis of the image of Khoja Nasreddin, the protagonist of the story, in folklore, mythological and literary contexts, basing on the material of the story «The Enchanted Prince» by Leonid Solovyov, a Russian writer of the XX century. On the one hand, Khoja Nasreddin is a cheat (trickster), on the other, a Sufi (cultural hero).
BISTABILITY AS A FEATURE OF THE POETICS OF FICTIONAL TEXT
Authors: Красоткин Дмитрий Михайлович
Published: October 2021

В данной статье предлагается взгляд на многозначность художественного текста через понятие бистабильности. Рассматриваются критерии бистабильности, а также структуры, на которых она реализуется. Сформулированная концепция демонстрируется на нескольких литературных примерах.

This article offers a look at the polysemy of a literary text through the concept of bistability. Criteria for bistability are considered, as well as the structures on which it is realized. The formulated concept is demonstrated in several literary examples.
«THE ACMEIST ON TRIAL» BY V.YA. BRYUSOV AS A RESULT OF A LITERARY-CRITICAL DIALOGUE WITH N.S. GUMILYOV
Authors: Бойников Александр Михайлович
Published: October 2021

В статье анализируется завершение литературно-критической полемики между В.Я. Брюсовым и Н.С. Гумилёвым, начатой в 1910-е годы. Данный аспект исследования не только углубляет имеющиеся представления о творческой индивидуальности двух поэтов Серебряного века, выступавших в качестве критиков, но и вносит новые штрихи в картину российского литературно-критического процесса 1910-1920-х годов.

The article analyzes the completion of the literary-critical polemic between V.Ya. Bryusov and N.S. Gumilyov, which began in the 1910s. This aspect of the research not only deepens the existing ideas about the creative individuality of the two poets of the Silver Age who acted as critics, but also brings new touches to the picture of the Russian literary and critical process of the 1910s and 1920s.
ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF USING PROFESSIONAL MASS MEDIA CONTENT BY CORPORATE PLATFORMS OF TECHNOLOGICAL COMPANIES
Authors: Шитикова Елена Маратовна
Published: October 2021

В исследовании проанализирован зарубежный опыт выработки технологий разрешения конфликта между технологическими компаниями и профессиональными медиа по вопросу использования контента, в сравнении с взаимоотношениями по этому вопросу, сложившимися между отечественными медиа и технологическими платформами.

The study analyzes the foreign experience in developing ways to resolve a conflict over the use of content between technology companies and professional media in comparison with the domestic experience on this issue that has been developed between media and technology platforms.
THE PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATIVE RELATIONS BETWEEN FOREIGN STUDENTS IN THE INTERMEDIARY LANGUAGE
Authors: Кузнецова Анжелика Алимовна , Мирзоева Валентина Михайловна , Скаковский Владимир Юрьевич
Published: October 2021

Данная статья посвящена рассмотрению проблемы преодоления языкового барьера иностранными студентами как сложного психологического процесса для выработки навыков и умений общения на языке-посреднике. Рассмотрены этапы речемыслительной деятельности для установления коммуникативных отношений.

This article is devoted to the consideration of the problem of overcoming the language barrier by foreign students as a complex psychological process for developing the skills and abilities of communication in an intermediary language. The stages of speech-thinking activity for the establishment of communicative relations are considered.
PROVIDING CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES OF LEGAL PROHIBITIONS AND RESTRIKTIONS OF FOREIGN TRADE
Authors: Вобликов Андрей Борисович
Published: October 2021

Рассматриваются актуальные проблемы правовых ограничений внешней торговли. Анализируются нормы законодательства, правоприменительная практика обеспечения правовых ограничений внешней торговли.

The current problems of legal restrictions on foreign trade are considered. The norms of legislation, the law enforcement practice of ensuring legal restrictions of foreign trade are analyzed.
ABSENCE OF INTENT TO RECEIVE BUDGET FUNDS IN CASE OF ERRONEOUS RECEIPT OF A PROPERTY TAX DEDUCTION BY A SERVICEMAN AS AN INDEPENDENT BASIS FOR TERMINATION OF CRIMINAL PROSECUTION
Authors: Гайдашов Александр Васильевич , Матвеев Павел Александрович
Published: October 2021

В статье представлен детальный анализ судебной практики об осуждении военнослужащих, которые воспользовались специальными финансовыми механизмами по льготному обеспечению жилыми помещениями, и дополнительно обратились в налоговые органы за получением имущественного налогового вычета. Отмечается ошибочная трактовка судами и должностными лицами правоохранительных органов самого факта обращения и последующего принятия налогового органами решения о предоставление данного вычета в результате неосмотрительности или невнимательности сотрудников налоговых инспекций как мошенничество. При отсутствии в представленных документах и информации подделки или подлога должно служить достаточным основанием для прекращения уголовного преследования.

The article presents a detailed analysis of judicial practice on the conviction of military personnel who used special financial mechanisms for preferential provision of residential premises, and additionally applied to the tax authorities for obtaining a property tax deduction. There is an erroneous interpretation by the courts and law enforcement officials of the very fact of applying and the subsequent decision by the tax authorities to grant this deduction as a result of the carelessness or inattention of tax inspection employees as fraud. If there is no forgery or forgery in the submitted documents and information, it should serve as a sufficient reason for the termination of criminal prosecution.
INDIVIDUAL ASPECTS OF THE COURSE TEACHING METHODOLOGY «FUNDAMENTALS OF LEGAL CULTURE»
Authors: Яковлева Наталья Григорьевна
Published: October 2021

В статье анализируются особенности преподавания курса «Основы правовой культуры» с учетом новых образовательных стандартов и современных подходов к преподаванию юридических дисциплин. Рассматриваются также вопросы, связанные с методикой разработки заданий для их выполнения в малых группах, анализируется специфика командной работы.

The article analyzes the features of teaching the course "Fundamentals of legal culture" taking into account new educational standards and modern approaches to teaching legal disciplines. The issues related to the methodology of developing tasks for their implementation in small groups are also considered, the specifics of teamwork are analyzed.
Rovnosť pohlaví v sektore civilného letectva a postavenie žien-obchodných pilotiek
Authors:   University of Žilina, Remencová Tatiana , Škvareková Iveta , Novák Sedláčková Alena
Published: October 2021

This article deals with the issue of the position of women in civil aviation sector regarding gender equality in the position of commercial pilot. The article is focused on the position of women and men in aviation sector form the position of equality in achieving of education, but also in the subsequent employment in the labour market in the Slovak Republic and in the world. The aviation market is currently probably the sector most affected by the crisis caused by the uncontrolled spread of COVID-19. The projected demand for air transport and the associated increase in the need for new skilled workers has turned into a precarious situation for all aviation workers within one year. The aim of the article is to compare the situation in the field of education of men and women as well as their subsequent employment as a commercial pilot in the Slovak Republic and in the world, but also to compare equality of access to education and subsequent applicability in the labour market in general. The aim of the article was to show whether the situation in the field of gender equality in the aviation sector is the same as in other sectors, or whether we still face discrimination today. The results of the article clearly showed that the employment of pilots on the labour market in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic is not in percentage terms at the same level as the percentage of female pilots who received university and academic education in the field of study professional pilot.
Letecká doprava v době koronavirové pandemie a její další perspektivy
Authors:   University of Žilina, Kuna Zbyněk
Published: October 2021

The paper focuses on world air transport. Its development and new tendencies are recalled. The main attention is paid to consequences of the SARSCoV-2 pandemic on world air transport and international tourism, including regional differences. The author also outlines problems with a state support for selected airlines and the absence of this assistance to Czech Airlines (CSA), which is in a danger of extinction. Numerical data come from relevant statistical databases and are concentrated in 4 tables and 11 graphs.
Prototyp simulátora letového environmentálneho laboratória Evirolab
Authors:   University of Žilina, Janovec Michal , Materna Matúš , Pecho Pavol , Kandera Branislav , Radosa Filip
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to create a solid structural platform for the placement of computer equipment and other computer accessories to create a flight simulator from scratch. The simulator will be designed to help pilots in training get accustomed to basic flight procedures and the behavior of aircraft control surfaces during flight. Practical part deals with the design of a simulator inspired by the airplane Zlín Z 242 L, the selection of suitable material and technology to produce this simulator and the measurement of most important dimensions required for the making process. Obtained dimensions will be used to model the structure in a three-dimensional plane with the help of computer aided software, in order to create blueprints of our simulator structure. Said blueprints will be later used to cut building materials to required length and to assemble the construction frame. Last pages are dedicated to seating all required computer software directly on the frame in the correct manner.
Previerka osoby od roku 2022
Authors:   University of Žilina, Lysina Karol , Kandera Branislav
Published: October 2021

Civil aviation is constantly evolving, undergoing various changes. A background check of a person as a part of aviation security processes is no exception. This paper which deals with the issue of background check of a person in civil aviation in the conditions of the Slovak Republic and is divided into three main parts. The first part is focused on the basic definitions and requirements for background check of a person that are based on current EU and national legislation and on comparison with the legislation in the Czech Republic. The second part deals with changes in EU legislation in the field of background check of a person. The last part presents the necessary need for changes in national legislation caused by changes in EU regulations and a proposal for changes in national legislation in conjunction with practical experience in the process of background check of a person in the past and present.
CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nurbaev Muzaffar
Published: October 2021

The world community will turn into a common international system. States, which are a separate independent part of this universal system, develop in all spheres in interaction, interdependence and interdependence. Each individual state can benefit from the best practices of another state in the field of political, legal, legislative and state building.Naturally, the study of the experience of foreign parliamentarism is of great importance for Uzbekistan, which democratically restructures its political and legal system and moves towards the formation of a bicameral legislature through parliamentary reforms. Over the past two hundred years of the historical development of parliamentarism, an incredibly rich and meaningful experience has been accumulated. No matter how diverse the diversity in this regard, comparing the activities of existing parliaments on the planet, it will be possible to identify all important aspects, common features and features of this state-legal phenomenon. The essence, traditions and general laws of parliamentarism can be understood by comparing the legislative practice that has developed in advanced countries with the procedures formed in them. At the same time, it should be noted that a number of rare works have been published based on a comparison of the experience of different parliaments
CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL PRINCIPLES IN ENSURING PERSONAL RIGHTS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Bazarova Dildora
Published: October 2021

The principles of criminal procedure embody the general rules that form the basis for their implementation in the field, and determine the main directions of the process, in particular, the main tasks of the parties to the relationship.In this regard, this article examinesthe theoretical and legal basis of criminal procedural principles in ensuring the rights of the individual in criminal proceedings on the basis of theoretical and practical analytical data. The article also analyzes the scientific views of scholars on thetheoretical aspects of criminal procedural principles in ensuring the rights of the individual in criminal proceedings
DEFINITION AND FEATURES OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Yuldasheva Feruza
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to study theoretical approaches to the definition of the concept of public service. The author has researched a significant list of Soviet and modern legal literature devoted to topical issues of the institute of public service. The main concept of this article is that the institute of public service is considered by us from the standpoint of consistency. The author's definition of the concept of "public service" is proposed. In addition, the article presents various concepts of understanding the concept of "public service". At the same time, the author draws attention to the fact that there is no unified normative establishment of the legal concept of "public service" in the domestic legislation. The conclusions are based on the analysis of the experience of foreign countries.Keywords: public service, civil service, public service, public administration, types of public service
SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONCEPT OF THE PROJECT OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ruzinazarov Shuhrat
Published: October 2021

This article for the first time analyzes the meaning, necessity, purpose, subject of legal regulation of the Entrepreneurial Code and current legislation in the field of entrepreneurship. It also reveals the essence of some international legal acts and ways of solving systemic problems in the field of entrepreneurship. In addition, on the basis of the study of the scientific foundations and priority areas of norm-setting problem-target issues for the development of the draft Entrepreneurial Code, substantiated conclusions and proposals are justified.Keywords:national legal system, entrepreneurial legislation, unification, systematization, Entrepreneurial code, digital rights, digital business, entrepreneurial activity, digital civil circulation, legal protection, subject of legal regulation, entrepreneurial legal relationship
PURPOSE, PRINCIPLES AND SPECIFIC FEATURES OF PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE LEGAL CREATION ACTIVITY
Authors:   Academy of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Uzbekistan, Saidov Shoxrukhkhon
Published: October 2021

This article describes the specifics of the law-making process conducted by the prosecutor's office. The purpose and principles of the prosecutor's office's participation in this process have been studied scientifically and theoretically. Taking into account the high relevance of ensuring legality in the law-making process, opinions were expressed about the need for adequate regulation and organization of solving this task by the prosecutor's office at the level of law and legality. The participation of the prosecutor's office in law-making activities contradicts the needs of the population, the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, ensuring the rule of law, promoting the formation of a unified legal space and improving legislation, ensuring consistency legal instructions, systematization of legislation, scientifically based analysis are aimed at reducing the influence of bureaucratic interests and preventing the inclusion of factors that generate corruption in normative acts and their projects
THE OBJECTIVE SIDEOF BRIBERY OF A CIVIL SERVANT
Authors:   the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Djalilov Furkat
Published: October 2021

This scientific article describes whether actions related to official position should be performed when using legal and factual opportunities, including actions (inaction) that are within the competence of an employee, as well as actions (inaction) based on reputation. services, the human right to information. In addition, the author emphasized that the performance or non-performance of the action must be illegal in nature or contradict the legitimate interests of the enterprise, organization, institution and body in which the employee works.Keywords: object, official, subject of a crime, interest, act, state body
CRIMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CRIMES COMMITTED ON THE INTERNET
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Turaev Sardor
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the criminological features of crimes committed by the author using the Internet. Also, as a result of the widespread use of high technologies in electronic payments and document processing systems and similar areas, not only economic damage to enterprises and organizations, but also the normal operation of local networks as a result of crimes against the system and industries. Author points that, this leads to the inability of its affiliated industries to function properly, which in turn impedes the work of a number of large enterprises and organizations, resulting in a high level of frustration and irreparable losses. In addition, the author argues that existing protection systems often fail to protect businesses and government agencies from robberies using theInternet. This situation is explained by the fact that it has tried to explain that thefight against robberies committed using the Internet is the result of the presence of vulnerable, weak points and low sensitivity in such protection systems.
THEORETICAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES OF PERSONAL RIGHTS IN A CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Bazarova Dildora
Published: October 2021

Ensuring reliable protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens in the judicial system, as well as further strengthening public confidence in justice, the content of legal reforms is to ensure the rights of the individual. Accordingly, this article examines the theoretical and legal foundations of procedural guarantees of individual rights in criminal proceedings on the basis of theoretical and practical analytical data. The article also analyzes the scientific views of scientists on the theoretical aspects of procedural guarantees of individual rights in criminal proceedings.Keywords:law, law, standard, crime, criminal procedure, investigation.
NEW INITIATIVES OF UZBEKISTAN AT THE 76TH SESSION OF THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Authors:   Centre for Sustainable Development of Uzbekistan, Jurayeva Zakhro
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the review and analysis of the initiatives of Uzbekistan, voiced at the 76th session of the UN General Assembly. The author notes that these initiatives will contribute to further strengthening the image of Uzbekistan in the world arena, as well as solving global problems. Initiatives put forward by Uzbekistan at the 76th session of the UN General Assembly are aimed at creating new platforms for discussing global problems, as well as opening new areas of cooperation in the region of Central and South Asia.Keywords:UN, international initiatives, international cooperation, environmental problems, World Environmental Charter, Convention on Biological Diversity, human rights education
FROM THE HISTORY OF THE LIBRARIES OF THE BUKHARA EMIRATE OF THE LATE XIX –EARLY XX CENTURIES.(on the example of the libraries of Muhammadjan Sadri Zia and Mir Siddiq Hashmat)
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University named after I.Karimov of Uzbekistan, Kholikova Rahbar E.
Published: October 2021

This article provides detailed information about the life of the book lover, writer and historian Muhammad Sharifjon Sadri Ziyo and Sayyid Muhammad Mir SiddikhonHashmat, who lived in Bukhara in the late 19th –early 20th centuries and had a rich library, and the fate of Bukhara. manuscripts in his library.It is also noted that the works of Sadri Ziyo have a wide range of topics, mainly historical and literary, and are one of the valuable sources in the study of the history, scientific and literary environment of the Bukhara Emirate of the second half of the 19th century -the beginning of the 20th centuries.It is noted that his historical works are devoted to the history of Bukhara and the dynasties that ruled it and play a special role in the study of the history of Uzbekistan during this period.Index Terms: Scientific and cultural life, libraries, oriental manuscripts, calligraphy. Literary environment, literary evenings, tazkira, masnavi, gazelle, history of the Bukhara Emirate, manuscripts, works, immigration
JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF THE UZBEKISTAN SSRIN THE YEARS AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR(on the example of 1946-1960)
Authors:   Kashkadarya regional centreof retrainingpublic education personneland developing their qualification of Uzbekistan, Komolov Dilshod P.
Published: October 2021

This article covers, based on a wide range of historical sources and a comparative analysis of legaldocuments, limited military courts in the Uzbek SSR after the end of the Second World War and the strengthening of the powers of courts of general jurisdiction, the election of judges, the national composition and professional potential of personnel, the position of educational institutions of training lawyers. It also considers repressions against scientists and cultural figures, the beginning of the rehabilitation process after Stalin's death, the gradual limitation and abolition of the powers of special courts, the strengthening of the judicial power of the union republics
THE ROLE OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION IN THE FAMILY IN THE FORMATION OF A HARMONIOUSLY DEVELOPED YOUTH
Authors:   Tashkent state technical university named Islam Karimov Of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Dehkonov Mahmudali
Published: October 2021

The article provides a scientific analysis of the issues of spiritual education and attention to the ideal person in the family as one of the most pressing problems in the process of globalization.We know that since ancient times in the East, great attention has been paid to the education of children. The fact that the morality of parents in the family, an example for children, is the basis for the strength of the family and the further prosperity of society is confirmed by the facts about how young people are being brought up and educated today. They say that the parent is an immortal figure in the family, the teacher is the ideal person. Especially in the family it was emphasized that the future of the country in the spiritual morality of mothers and children depends on how young people are being brought up and educated today. Therefore, every parent, teacher and educator must see in the image of every child, first of all, an ideal person. Based on this simple requirement, it is emphasized that the main goal and task of education is to educate young people as independent and broad-minded
CONGRESSES HELD IN 1917 AND THE FORMATION OF THE TURKESTAN PROVINCIAL COUNCIL OF MUSLIMS
Authors:   Navoi State Pedagogical Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Rakhmatov Murod G.
Published: October 2021

The article on a scientific basis investigates the historical significance of the four congresses of Muslims of Common Turkestan, which took place in 1917. The history of the struggle of the Turkestan progressives and Jadids for the status of the country'sautonomy, the activities of the national political organizations created under the Provisional Government in Tashkent, Samarkand and the Fergana Valley is highlighted. The goals and objectives of the societies "Shura Islamia" and"Shura Ulama" are analyzed. In the course of the research, the essence of the growing national liberation movement in the Bukhara Emirate and the Khiva Khanate was revealed. The life activity of progressive Jadids is also revealed through historical examples. It is scientifically substantiated that the formation of the Turkestan Autonomous Government was the greatest achievement of the country's enlighteners and intelligentsia during this period