bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Química analítica básica: os conceitos acido-base e a escala de pH
Authors: Andrade João Carlos de
Published: February 2019

Os ácidos e bases são compostos químicos sempre presentes em nosso diaa-dia. São matérias primas importantes na indústria de transformação e necessárias para o controle de vários processos industriais. Participam ativamente do metabolismo dos organismos vivos e, quando lançadas indevidamente no ambiente, podem alterar as condições ambientais favoráveis ao bem estar humano. Os ácidos possuem sabor azedo (ex.: frutas cítricas) enquanto que as bases têm sabor adstringente (“gosto de sabão”) e fazem parte da formulação de cosméticos, alimentos, refrigerantes, medicamentos, produtos de limpeza, produtos de higiene, etc. O meio mais comum para se determinar a acidez ou basicidade de um meio aquoso é a medida do pH da solução, mas este conceito não é tão simples como parece.
Postulados da mecânica quântica
Authors: Custodio Rogério , Gomes André Severo , Martins Lucimara Ramos
Published: February 2019

A compreensão da natureza das propriedades de átomos, moléculas e sistemas mais complexos está diretamente relacionada com a distribuição e o comportamento das partículas microscópicas que os constitui. Diversas evidências experimentais sugeriram que a estrutura de átomos e moléculas não poderiam ser explicadas por princípios baseados na mecânica clássica. Experimentos, tais como: a radiação do corpo negro, capacidade calorífica e espectros atômicos e moleculares, sugeriam que os processos de absorção ou emissão de energia só poderiam ser explicados admitindo-se que a energia envolvida nesses processos seria quantizada e não contínua, como prevê a mecânica clássica. A nova mecânica criada para conciliar os aspectos observados com a hipótese de quantizações de determinadas propriedades microscópicas foi denominada de Mecânica Quântica. Duas versões dessa nova mecânica foram formuladas pelos físicos Erwin Schrödinger e Werner Heisemberg, em trabalhos e métodos matemáticos diferentes, porém equivalentes. A teoria especifica quais são as leis que as partículas de qualquer sistema microscópico obedecem. Observa-se que há uma relação com a teoria de Newton para o movimento de sistemas macroscópicos (princípio da correspondência), sendo a teoria de Newton um caso particular (no limite macroscópico) das equações de Schrödinger, assim como a teoria da relatividade de Einstein é uma generalização que inclui a teoria de Newton como um caso especial, no limite de baixas velocidades. O modelo de Schrödinger está fundamentado em alguns postulados que são descritos a seguir.
Increased CMV IgG Antibody Titer is Associated with Non-AIDS Events Among Virologically Suppressed HIV-Positive Persons
Authors: Hodowanec Aimee , Lurain Nell S. , Krishnan Supriya , Bosch Ronald J. , Landay Alan L.
Published: February 2019

Background: Among HIV-positive individuals, increased levels of inflammation and immune activation persist even in the setting of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and are associated with greater rates of non-AIDS events. The etiology of this persistent inflammation is incompletely understood.Methods: Using a well-characterized cohort of 322 HIV-infected individuals on suppressive ART, we conducted a case-control study. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, plasma biomarkers, and T-cell phenotypes were measured/characterized from samples collected 1 year after ART initiation. Conditional logistic regression for matched case-control studies analyzed the associations of year 1 CMV-specific IgG level with the subsequent occurrence of any non-AIDS event. Correlations between continuous CMV IgG antibody levels and soluble and cellular markers were assessed.Results: We found that higher levels of CMV IgG were associated with increased risk of non-AIDS events (OR = 1.58 per IQR [95% CI: 1.12, 2.24], P = 0.01) and with elevated soluble and cellular markers of inflammation.Conclusions: The magnitude of the host immune response to CMV may play a role in the persistent inflammation and resultant morbid events observed in the HIV-positive population.
Towards a Long-Term Reanalysis of Land Surface Variables over Western Africa: LDAS-Monde Applied over Burkina Faso from 2001 to 2018
Authors: Tall Moustapha , Albergel Clément , Bonan Bertrand , Zheng Yongjun , Guichard Françoise , Drame Mamadou , Gaye Amadou , Sitondji Luc , Hountondji Fabien , Nikiema Michel , Calvet Jean-Christophe
Published: February 2019

This study focuses on the ability of the global land data assimilation system LDAS-Monde to improve the representation of land surface variables (LSVs) over Burkina Faso through the joint assimilation of satellite derived Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) from January 2001 to June 2018. The LDAS-Monde offline system is forced by the latest European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis ERA5, leading to a 0.25° x 0.25° spatial resolution reanalysis of the LSVs. Within LDAS-Monde, SSM and LAI observations from the Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS) are assimilated using the CO2-responsive version of the ISBA (Interactions between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere) land surface model (LSM). First, it is shown that ERA5 better represents precipitation and incoming solar radiation than ERA-Interim former reanalysis from ECMWF. Results of two experiments are compared: open-loop simulation (i.e. no assimilation) and analysis (i.e. joint assimilation of SSM and LAI). After jointly assimilating SSM and LAI, it is noticed that the assimilation is able to impact soil moisture in the first top soil layers (the first 20 cm), and also in deeper soil layers (from 20 cm to 60 cm and below). The assimilation is able to improve the simulation of both SSM and LAI. For LAI in particular, the southern region of the domain (dominated by a Sudan-Guinean climate) highlights a strong impact of the assimilation compared to the other two sub-regions of Burkina Faso (dominated by Sahelian and Sudan-Sahelian climates). In the southern part of the domain, differences between the model and the observations are the largest, prior to any assimilation. These differences are linked to the model failing to represent the behavior of some specific vegetation species, which are known to put on leaves before the first rains of the season. The LDAS-Monde analysis is very efficient at compensating for this model weakness. Evapotranspiration estimates from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) project as well as upscaled carbon uptake from the FLUXCOM project are used in the evaluation process, again demonstrating improvements in the representation of evapotranspiration and gross primary production after assimilation.
Solar Green Roofs: A Unified Outlook Twenty Years On
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Meneguzzo Francesco , Pecoraino Mario , Pagliaro Mario
Published: February 2019

Solar green roofs, namely rooftops functionalized with properly selected living vegetation and photovoltaic modules, achieve an ideal symbiotic relationship in which promotion of biodiversity and onsite renewable energy production are both enhanced whereas the roof provides a wide range of environmental, health, aesthetic and economic benefits. This study provides a unified outlook of this eminent sustainable technology at the dawn of its uptake across the world, especially in polluted urban areas.
Horizontal-Steam-Injection-Flow Profiling Using Fiber Optics
Authors: Shirdel M.. , Buell R. S. , Wells M. J. , Muharam C.. , Sims J. C.
Published: February 2019

Steam-conformance control in horizontal injectors is important for efficient reservoir-heat management in heavy-oil fields. Suboptimal conformance and nonuniform heating of the reservoir can substantially affect the economics of the field development and oil-production response and result in nonuniform steam breakthrough. To achieve the required control, it is essential to have an appropriate well-completion architecture and robust surveillance.

Five fiber-optic systems, each with a unique steam-conformance-control-completion configuration, have been installed in two horizontal steam injectors to help mature steam-injection-flow profiling and conformance-control solutions. These fiber-optic systems have used custom-designed fiber-optic bundles of multimode and single-mode fibers for distributed-temperature sensing (DTS) and distributed-acoustic sensing (DAS), respectively. Fiber-optic systems were also installed in a steam-injection-test-flow loop. All the optical fibers successfully acquired data in the wells and flow loop, measuring temperature and acoustic energy.

A portfolio of algorithms and signal-processing techniques was developed to interpret the DTS and DAS data for quantitative steam-injection-flow profiling. The heavily instrumented flow-loop environment was used to characterize DTS and DAS response in a design-of-experiment (DOE) matrix to improve the flow-profiling algorithms. These algorithms are dependent on independent physical principles derived from multiphase flow, thermal hydraulic models, acoustic effects, large-data-array processing, and combinations of these methods for both transient and steady-state steam flow. A high-confidence flow profile is computed using the convergence of the algorithms. The flow-profiling-algorithm results were further validated using 11 short-offset injector observation wells wells in the reservoir that confirmed steam movement near the injectors.
Determination of Petrophysical Properties by Stereological Techniques
Authors: Perez-Rosales Candelario , Martinez Juan Jose
Published: February 2019

SPEJ Forum articles are limited to 1,500 words including 250 words for each table and figure, or. a maximum of two pages in SPEJ. A Forum article may present preliminary results or conclusions of an investigation that the author wishes to publish before completing a full study; it may impart general technical information that does not warrant publication as a full-length paper. All Forum articles are subject to approval by an editorial committee.

Stereology has been defined as the study of microscopic three-dimensional systems based on the analysis of two-dimensional sections. This article describes a stereological technique for the quantitative evaluation of physical properties of sedimentary rocks such as porosity, formation resistivity factor, and permeability. The results obtained by the proposed method show a fairly good agreement with those obtained by conventional methods.

INTRODUCTION

Stereology may be defined as the quantitative evaluation of microstructures by means of the analysis of two-dimensional sections.1 Examples of structures that can be studied through the use of stereological techniques are organic tissue, rocks, minerals, alloys, and aggregates of particles. Stereology has found a variety of applications in disciplines such as biology, metallurgy, geology, petrology, and other related fields. In recent years, the importance of stereology has been increased considerably due to the development of new electronic devices for the automatic analysis of images.

In this article, a study on the application of stereological techniques to the determination of physical properties of sedimentary rocks is presented. This is an area that has received little attention in the past. It is believed, however, that it offers good perspectives in research work and routine operations.
The Balanced Scorecard Approach to Assess the Influence of ERPS and SCM Usage with Strategic Alignment as a Moderator
Authors: Weli Weli
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this research was to examine whether the Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERPS) usage by Indonesian companies affected the firm performance based on the balanced scorecard approach directly or moderated by strategic alignment. This research also assessed the performance between companies that applied ERPS with Supply Chain Management (SCM) and the companies applying ERPS without SCM. Data collection was conducted from October 2010 to April 2011 using questionnaires sent to respondents by e-mail and directly to the company. The sampling method used was convenience sampling by visiting companies in the survey. The final number of samples were 63 companies. Data analysis was conducted by using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results show that ERPS usage directly affects firm performance as measured by the balanced scorecard that includes financial perspective, customer perspective, internal process perspective, and learning and growth perspectives. Moreover, the strategic alignment has been proven as a moderating variable in the relationship between ERPS usage and the firm performance. Finally, the modules addition such as SCM significantly affects the firm performance.
Determination of Return on Assets of the Foreign Exchange Banks in Indonesia
Authors: Syamni Ghazali , Rasyimah Rasyimah , Ratnasari Desy , Abd. Majid M. Shabri
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this research was to examine the determinants of Return on Assets (ROA) on the foreign exchange banks in Indonesia. The data used were the financial ratios of 27 foreign exchange banks in Indonesia in 2012-2016. The data were gathered from the published financial statements of the Indonesian foreign exchange banks. This research employed a Common Effect Model (CEM) as the most suitable panel regression model to analyze the data using the E-views statistical software. The findings indicate that from 2012 to 2016, the profitability of the exchange banks is largely determined by the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Operating Efficiency Ratio (OER), and total debt. The findings also imply that apart from maximizing profit, it is important for the banks to abide by the regulations issued by the central bank or the Financial Services Authority in performing the banking operations. Negligence to observe the level of prudential and risk management will not only lead to profit loss, but it will also cause the failure of the banks.
Factors Affecting Consumers’ Decision for E-Hotel Booking
Authors: Syed Ayesha Ayub , Suroso Jarot
Published: February 2019

With more accessibility to the Internet and modernization of e-payment systems, the approach to address the travel requirements has dramatically changed over the years. The service offered by the Online Travel Agents (OTAs) has a huge impact on a very competitive online marketplace. The purpose of this research is to observe, examine, and analyze key factors which a consumers’ decision to use a particular travel agent website for e-hotel booking can be predicted. The data are compiled using IBM SPSS. The key methods are applied for data analysis in addition to other statistical methods including factor analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis. The analysis of data reveals a positive association of website quality factors, product related factors, and consumer relationship factors with consumers’ decision to book from a certain travel agent website. Viewing the big picture, consumer relationship factors are found to be more influential as compared to website quality and product related factors. Moreover, the researchers reveal product price as the most influential variable, but it indicates no statistical significance with consumers’ decision. There are many different price products which are available across different travel agent websites. The convenience of payment method is found to be a significant attribute associated with the consumers’ decision to book from a travel website. In addition, attributes of travel products variety and online reviews provided by the travel websites are observed to be statistically significant. This research indicates the trends of consumer decision-making for e-hotel booking in Indonesia.
A Model for Lender-Borrower Trust in Peer-To-Peer Lending
Authors: Sukmaningsih Dyah Wahyu
Published: February 2019

This research examined factors that influenced lender’s trust towards the borrower. The peerto-peer lending platform facilitated lending mechanism between lender and borrower. However, the loan was often considered as an unsecured loan, since there was a lack of traditional financial data. Using literature review, this research analyzed the determinant factor to establish trust between borrower and lender. Based on Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), the result of this research proposes a model for trust building between lender and borrower. The model categorizes information to establish trust into hard information, soft information, and social capital.
Optimizing Production Process through Production Planning and Inventory Management in Motorcycle Chains Manufacturer
Authors: Kurniawan Shelvy , Raphaeli Steven Sanjaya
Published: February 2019

Based on the data, there were still shortages of production from year to year and demand wereunstable in motorcycle chains manufacturer in Indonesia. To overcome these problems, the purpose of this research was to make production planning and inventory control consisting of forecasting, aggregate planning, Master Production Schedule (MPS), and Material RequirementsPlanning (MRP). Forecasting used the additive decomposition method (average of all data), multiplicative decomposition (centered on moving average), and winter method (additive and multiplicative). Aggregate planning used chase strategy, level strategy, and transportation model. Moreover, MRP used lot for lot, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), and Periodic Order Quantity (POQ) methods. The test shows several results. First, the best forecasting is additive decomposition (average of all data) with MAD value of 3.033,57, MSE with 13.590.490,and MAPE with 10,083%. Second, the best aggregate planning is transportation model with the total cost of Rp7.708.398.390,00. Last, the best MRP method is the lot for lot with total cost Rp7.162.567.653,00.
Gender Bias in Javanese Society: A Study in Language Forms Choice to Men and Women
Authors: Atmawati Dwi
Published: February 2019

This research aimed to reveal different ways of thinking of society for men’s and women’s positions from the sociolinguistic point of view to accomplish the previous research. The research was conducted by studying language data in sentence formation on short story (fiction) and article (nonfiction). The short story and article used as data sources originated from internet media. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. The data were analyzed using equality and distributional methods. The finding data are classified into two: language form choice difference is based on linguistic factor and non-linguistic factor. Linguistic factor includes morphology, lexicon, phrase, compounds words, idiom. Non-linguistic factor includes the use of husband’s and wife’s names; call of husband’s name after wife’s proper name. The research shows that gender bias in Javanese society is expressed in differences in language forms choice to men and women. The language forms obtained from the data covers differences in language forms choice as caused by a social way of thinking to men’s and women’s status in daily life.
Directive Speech Acts and Hedges Presented by Female Main Characters of Jane Austen’s Novels
Authors: Suryanovika Citra , Julhijah Novita
Published: February 2019

This research aimed at identifying the category of directive speech acts found in the utterances of six female characters of six Jane Austen’s novels (Elinor Dashwood of Sense and Sensibility, Elizabeth Bennet of Pride and Prejudice, Fanny Price of Mansfield Park, Emma Woodhouse of Emma, Anne Elliot of Persuasion, and Catherine Morland of Northanger Abbey), and explaining the hedges used in directive speech acts. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method to collect, analyze, and discuss the findings which closely related to the classification of directive speech acts of female main characters in Jane Austen’s novels and the use of hedges in directive speech acts. The findings show that directive speech acts are formed imperatively, declaratively, and interrogatively. From all existing categories of directive speech acts (ask, order, command, request, suggestion, beg, plead, pray, entreat, invite, permit, and advise), the female main characters in Jane Austen’s novels only presents ask, request, advice, and suggestion. Hedges found in directive speech acts are not only used to show hesitancy but also to present certainty (I believe, I must) of the speakers’ previous knowledge. In addition, hedges are not the only marker that may show uncertainty, because exclamation ‘well!’ and ‘oh!’, as well as the contrasting conjunction are used to pause due to the uncertain statement.
Failure Factors among Young Entrepreneurs in Higher Education Institution: A Study from Telkom University
Authors: Setiawati Cut Irna , Atarita Abi
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this research was to determine factors that caused the failure of young entrepreneurs in Telkom University among the participants of 2016-2017 competition and exhibition. This research applied a quantitative method with a descriptive and explorative research type. Techniques of collecting data were using questionnaires. This research used the nonprobability sampling method that was saturated sampling because of all members of the population of 116 respondents in this research. Data analysis was using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show the five new factors causing the failure among young entrepreneurs in Telkom University who participate in the Business Plan Competition and Creative Market Exhibition in 2017, are: (1) improper asset and marketing management, (2) unqualified entrepreneurial characteristics, (3) unwell anticipation of capital and regulation pressure, (4) financial and non-financial failures, and (5) ignored by the owner.
Firms’ Dynamic Capabilities: A Case of Indonesian Telecommunication Company
Authors: Apriza Sari , Utami Ami Fitri
Published: February 2019

Based on the concept of dynamic capabilities that were introduced by Teece & Pisano, this research aimed to analyze how did the dynamic capability condition in Company A. This research used a descriptive qualitative method of secondary data from annual report 2013 to 2017 and article in the website. It is found that Company A possesses a dynamically fluctuate dynamic capabilities through their ability to absorptive capability, adaptive capability, and innovative capability. The implementation of dynamic capabilities in Company A depend on top management board member to develop the company’s general strategic move and by this able to maintain the dynamic capability, and Telecommunication company should be able to nurture the whole organizations’ environment which supports the proliferation of this capability to all the members inside. In short, the benefit of this research will give learning point for the business player or practical to deal with the dynamic situation by using a dynamic capabilities perspective.
Electrocoagulation using commercial grade aluminium electrode for the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution
Authors: Vidya Vijay E. V. , Jerold M. , Ramya Sankar M. S. , Lakshmanan Sanjay , Sivasubramanian V.
Published: February 2019

The current research work studies the removal of crystal violet (also known as gentian violet), a kind of dye, from simulated wastewater by electrocoagulation using scrap aluminium roofing sheet as electrode in a batch electrochemical cell. Optimization of different operational parameters – pH, current density, time, initial concentration – was carried out experimentally. The equilibrium was attained at 1 hour and at pH 11. After suitable optimization, a removal of above 90% was achieved at an optimum current density of 20 mA/m2. Also, the adsorption behaviour of crystal violet in electrocoagulation was also studied and the isothermal and kinetic models were proposed to be the Dubinin–Radushkevich model and pseudo-first order model. The mechanism involved during the process was suggested as chemisorption. The adsorption thermodynamic studies were a clear indication that the process is spontaneous and endothermic as well as thermodynamically favourable too. Both chemical and physical characterization of the flocs generated during the electrolysis was explained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively.
Separation, Characterization and Discriminant Analysis of Subvisible Particles in Biologics Formulations
Authors: Akhunzada Zahir S. , Hubert Mario , Sahin Erinc , Pratt James
Published: February 2019

Background:

The presence of subvisible particles (SVPs) in parenteral formulations of biologics is a major challenge in the development of therapeutic protein formulations. Distinction between proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous SVPs is vital in monitoring formulation stability.

Methods:

The current compendial method based on light obscuration (LO) has limitations in the analysis of translucent/low refractive index particles. A number of attempts have been made to develop an unambiguous method to characterize SVPs, albeit with limited success.

Results:

Herein, we describe a robust method that characterizes and distinguishes both potentially proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous SVPs in protein formulations using Microflow imaging (MFI) in conjunction with the MVAS software (MFI View Analysis Suite), developed by ProteinSimple. The method utilizes two Intensity parameters and a morphological filter that successfully distinguishes proteinaceous SVPs from non-proteinaceous SVPs and mixed aggregates.

Conclusion:

he MFI generated raw data of a protein sample is processed through Lumetics LINK software that applies an in-house developed filter to separate proteinaceous from the rest of the particulates.
Structure and Function of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) in Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Lu Xinjie
Published: February 2019

Background:

One of the important factors in Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism is the LDL receptor (LDLR) by its capacity to bind and subsequently clear cholesterol derived from LDL (LDL-C) in the circulation. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-like Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a newly discovered serine protease that destroys LDLR in the liver and thereby controls the levels of LDL in plasma. Inhibition of PCSK9-mediated degradation of LDLR has, therefore, become a novel target for lipid-lowering therapy.

Methods:

We review the current understanding of the structure and function of PCSK9 as well as its implications for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

Results:

New treatments such as monoclonal antibodies against PCSK9 may be useful agents to lower plasma levels of LDL and hence prevent atherosclerosis.

Conclusion:

PCSK9's mechanism of action is not yet fully clarified. However, treatments that target PCSK9 have shown striking early efficacy and promise to improve the lives of countless patients with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Activation of the Renin-angiotensin System could Cause Hypertension During Fasting in Muslims in the Month of Ramadhan
Authors: Khan Zahid Hussain , Minagar Milad , Dehghan-Tezerjani Mohammad
Published: February 2019

We are of the opinion that fasting in Muslims during the month of Ramadhan could
cause hypertension secondary to dehydration that inevitably follows. Dehydration initiates a cascade
of hormonal events that finally culminate in hypertension. This hypothesis however needs to
be tested in a randomized trial to be confirmed.
Hetero-Tricyclic Lead Scaffold as Novel PDE5A Inhibitor for Antihypertensive Activity: In Silico Docking Studies
Authors: Mali Dipak P. , Bhatia Neela M.
Published: February 2019

Objective:

To screen the phytochemicals for phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A) inhibitory potential and identify lead scaffolds of antihypertensive phytochemicals using in silico docking studies.

Methods:

In this perspective, reported 269 antihypertensive phytochemicals were selected. Sildenafil, a PDE5A inhibitor was used as the standard. In silico docking study was carried out to screen and identify the inhibiting potential of the selected phytochemicals against PDE5A enzyme using vLife MDS 4.4 software.

Results:

Based on docking score, π-stacking, H-bond and ionic interactions, 237 out of 269 molecules were selected which have shown one or more interactions. Protein residue Gln817A was involved in H-boding whereas Val782A, Phe820A and Leu804A were involved in π-stacking interaction with ligand. The selected 237 phytochemicals were structurally diverse, therefore 82 out of 237 molecules with one or more tricycles were filtered out for further analysis. Amongst tricyclic molecules, 14 molecules containing nitrogen heteroatom were selected for lead scaffold identification which finally resulted in three different basic chemical backbones like pyridoindole, tetrahydro-pyridonaphthyridine and dihydro-pyridoquinazoline as lead scaffolds.

Conclusion:

In silico docking studies revealed that nitrogen-containing tetrahydro-pyridonaphthyridine and dihydro-pyridoquinazoline tricyclic lead scaffolds have emerged as novel PDE5A inhibitors for antihypertensive activity. The identified lead scaffolds may provide antihypertensive lead molecules after its optimization.
Gender Wise Distribution of Income Using L-Moments Method
Authors: Alam Muhammad , Jan Saeed Ullah , Zeb Alam
Published: February 2019

The main purpose of this work is to explore the income distribution of both male and female in Pakistan over the period of 2010-2011. For this purpose, the lognormal distribution with known parameters is used as a model and its unknown parameters are estimated by three methods that are likelihood, moments and L-moments. The results show that citizens of Pakistan are not equal in income and the probability plot suggested that the income of the male is greater than that of a female in Pakistan. Moreover, for small sample size, the best method of parameters estimation is the L-moments, while, for large sample size the best method is a maximum likelihood. Findings of the study suggest that suitable policy is required to maintain equality in income distribution in the country. It will consequently reduce the gap among rich and poor and will certainly improve social welfare.
Uji Aktivitas Antijamur Sari Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Terhadap Jamur Candida albicans
Authors: Octaviani Melzi , Fadila Fadila
Published: February 2019

Uji aktivitas antijamur sari buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) terhadap jamur Candida albicans telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode dilusi padat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antijamur sari buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) terhadap jamur Candida albicans. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan  jumlah koloni jamur yang diperoleh pada konsentrasi 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% dan 20% berturut-turut dengan persentase 55%, 48%, 40%, 30% dan 0,16% terhadap pertumbuhan jamur uji. Hasil uji statistik one way ANOVA menunjukkan nilai p<0,05 (p=0,000) yang berarti seluruh konsentrasi menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antar seluruh kelompok perlakuan
Penentuan Kadar Natrium (Na) dan Kalium (K) dalam Buah Pisang Kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) Berdasarkan Tingkat Kematangannya
Authors: Nurmin Nurmin , Sabang Sri Mulyani , Said Irwan
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to determine sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels in the fruit of banana kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.). The method used in this study was a laboratory experiment using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) instrument. The result showed that the sodium (Na) levels in unripe, ripe, and overripe bananas were 129.83 mg/kg, 125.15 mg/kg, and 122.65 mg/kg, respectively. While the potassium (K) level obtained from unripe, ripe, and overripe bananas was 266.76 mg/kg, 258.61 mg/kg, and 255.22 mg/kg, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that sodium and potassium levels in unripe bananas kepok fruit were higher than in ripe and overripe bananas, moreover, the potassium levels were higher than the sodium levels.
Pengaruh Kombinasi dan Rasio Pelarut Terhadap Hasil Ekstraksi Minyak dari Serabut Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Rozi Fachrul , Abram Paulus Hengky , Diah Anang Wahid M.
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to determine the combinations and ratios of appropriate solvents to obtain the optimal mass of palm oil. Extracting the oil from palm fibers was conducted using soxletation method. Extraction is a way to get oil in a high amount and good quality by using an appropriate solvent. The weight of oils obtained from the volume ratios variable of solvents at 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100 were 0.446 ± 0.063 g, 0.379 ± 0.022 g, 0.295 ± 0.012 g, 0.276 ± 0.045 g, and 0.183 ± 0.054 g, respectively. This study showed the combination of the types and ratios of solvents toward extraction of oil, and the optimal oil mass was produced from n-hexane solvent.
Antisense Inhibition of Glucagon Receptor by IONIS-GCGRRx Improves Type 2 Diabetes Without Increase in Hepatic Glycogen Content in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Stable Metformin Therapy
Authors: Morgan Erin S. , Tai Li-Jung , Pham Nguyen C. , Overman Julia K. , Watts Lynnetta M. , Smith Anne , Jung Shiangtung W. , Gajdošík Martin , Krššák Martin , Krebs Michael , Geary Richard S. , Baker Brenda F. , Bhanot Sanjay
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of IONIS-GCGRRx, a 2′-O-methoxyethyl antisense oligonucleotide targeting the glucagon receptor (GCGR), and the underlying mechanism of liver transaminase increases in patients with type 2 diabetes on stable metformin therapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In three phase 2, randomized, double-blind studies, patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin received weekly subcutaneous injections of IONIS-GCGRRx (50–200 mg) or placebo for 13 or 26 weeks.

RESULTS

Significant reductions in HbA1c were observed after IONIS-GCGRRx treatment versus placebo at week 14 (−2.0% 200 mg, −1.4% 100 mg, −0.3% placebo; P < 0.001) or week 27 (−1.6% 75 mg, −0.9% 50 mg, −0.2% placebo; P < 0.001). Dose-dependent increases in transaminases were observed with IONIS-GCGRRx, which were attenuated at lower doses and remained mostly within the normal reference range at the 50-mg dose. There were no other significant safety observations and no symptomatic hypoglycemia or clinically relevant changes in blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, or other vital signs. At week 14, IONIS-GCGRRx 100 mg did not significantly affect mean hepatic glycogen content compared with placebo (15.1 vs. −20.2 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.093) but significantly increased hepatic lipid content (4.2 vs. −2.7%, respectively; P = 0.005) in the presence of transaminase increases.

CONCLUSIONS

IONIS-GCGRRx is a potent inhibitor of hepatic glucagon receptor expression with a potential to improve glycemic control at low weekly doses in combination with metformin. Significant reductions in HbA1c occurred across the full-dose range tested, with minimal transaminase elevations at lower doses. Furthermore, novel results suggest that despite inhibition of glycogenolysis after GCGR antagonism, IONIS-GCGRRx did not increase hepatic glycogen content.
Diabetes Distress, Intentional Hyperglycemia at Work, and Glycemic Control Among Workers With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Hansen Ulla M. , Skinner Timothy , Olesen Kasper , Willaing Ingrid
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE

The aim was to explore relationships between work-related factors, work-related diabetes distress (WRDD), diabetes distress (measured by Problem Areas in Diabetes [PAID]-5 scale), intentional hyperglycemia at work (IHW), and glycemic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,030 working adults with type 1 diabetes and linked with electronic health record data from a specialist diabetes clinic in Denmark. With use of structural equation modeling, two alternative models were compared, based on fit indices, statistical significance, and theoretical meaningfulness.

RESULTS

A combined model provided the best fit to the data. WRDD was more strongly affected by work ability, opportunity to self-manage at work, being treated differently, and job demands. PAID-5 was more strongly affected by identity concern and blame and judgment. Both PAID-5 and WRDD were associated with more frequent IHW, which was associated in turn with worse glycemic control.

CONCLUSIONS

Work-related factors are associated with WRDD and PAID-5. Distress increases the frequency of IHW, which is, in turn, associated with worse glycemic control. Future studies should investigate ways to balance diabetes management and work life without compromising diabetes care.
We Are Standing Together in Front
Authors: Schönbauer Sarah Maria
Published: February 2019

Reputation building and visibility represent pressing requirements for living and working in academia today. These demands have been key to the corporate world and are acted upon through ‘branding’ practices. ‘Branding’ has further been shown to impact on employees and workplace identities. In academia, researching identity work is especially important because of a competitive funding climate that requires research groups to resemble an outstanding image and reputation. At the same time, stable jobs are scarce, bringing forth insecure and volatile environments characterized for example by temporary limited contracts and required internationalisation in scientific careers. Based on ethnographic work in globally recognized life science departments, I explore how individual and departmental identities relate. Thereby, I propose the concept of ‘enrolling’, that conveys how a research unit acts as a ‘brand’, and show how ‘enrolling practices’ produces stability through coherence and distinctiveness in individual and collective identities. My analysis thus allows a critical reflection on academia and the re-orderings in today´s universities that create pervasive demands for living and working
Los estudios de disponibilidad léxica en la fundamentación de la moderna lingüística aplicada en España
Authors: Mateo García M.ª Victoria , García Marcos Francisco Joaquín
Published: February 2019

El presente trabajo aborda la influencia determinante que ejerció el proyecto de disponibilidad léxica en el Mundo Hispánico para la consolidación de la lingüística aplicada en España. Hasta ese momento, las investigaciones pioneras en ese campo no habían alcanzado la continuidad y la extensión que sí propiciaron estas nuevas investigaciones. En ese proyecto, además, las contribuciones andaluzas de Cádiz (González Martínez) y Almería (Mateo) desempeñaron un papel decisivo.
El léxico disponible de la ropa en Cádiz, Valladolid y el conjunto de España: norma y variación
Authors: Bartol Hernández José Antonio , Borrego Nieto Julio
Published: February 2019

En sintonía con una de las líneas tradicionales en disponibilidad léxica, este trabajo compara dos zonas situadas en ámbitos lingüísticos presuntamente distintos: Cádiz, estudiada por el profesor González Martínez (Adolfo) y Valladolid. La peculiaridad de la comparación radica en que se hace en el marco del léxico disponible de España (LDE). Ello nos ha permitido, en primer lugar, constatar que este funciona como una especie de koiné léxicaque uniforma y lima las diferencias; en segundo lugar comprobar que incluso el léxico presuntamente general cuenta con claras zonas de uso preferente.
Genetic diversity of six rice cultivars revealed by enzyme electrophoresis
Authors: Iskandar Djoko T. , Nio Tjan Kiauw , Sosyandi Asep
Published: February 2019

Genetic diversity and similarity of six rice cultivars were analyzed by potato starch gel electrophoresis. Three local cultivars, 'Hawara Batu', 'Pandan Wangi', and 'Singkarak' were already homozygous for all 23 examined loci. Two cultivars have a rare allele, specific for each cultivar. White glutinous is the most polymorphic cultivar in having three segregating loci. Acp-193can be considered as a prove that crossing wich involved 'Sentani', and white glutinous rice has been performed in the past. This report also indicates that both upland cultivars are properly placed in the variety indica, and the three lowland rice are the variety japonica. The white glutinous rice is properly placed in the variety japonica based on four diagnostic loci.
Genetic analysis of new genes for resistance to brown planthopper in rice mutants
Authors: Mugiono ,
Published: February 2019

Rice breeding using induced mutation has succesfully produced several mutant lines resistant to brown planthopper. In order to beable to utilize these mutant lines further in a breeding programme it is essential to study the inheritance of resistance to brown planthopper in rice mutants MG-8 and MG-18 was studied in the Center For Application of Isotope and Radiation. Pasar Jumat. The result showed that the resistance of MG-8 and MG-18 to brown plathopper was controlled by a single recessive gene and this gene is not allelic to bph-2 of the ASD-7 genotype.
Pemetaan Jenis, Indikator dan Kegunaan Kepemimpinan Pendidikan: Kajian Literatur dari Situs Indonesian Publication Index (IPI)
Authors: Hidayat Rais , Patras Yuyun Elizabeth
Published: February 2019

The site of Indonesian Publication Index (IPI) has become a benchmark and reference research in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to map educational leadership articles on IPI sites based on types, indicators, and usefulness of educational leadership. This research method used literatur study, where researchers examined 91 scientific articles sourced from the corpus of the IPI database, researchers do the sorting and analysis and then the data communicated through descriptive statistics. The findings of this research are as follows: (1) types of educational leadership research methods include qualitative and quantitative methods, but the types of mixed methods are rarely found; (2) types of publicized educational leadership research are in accordance with existing educational leadership theories, but Indonesia has several characteristics of educational leaders such as boarding school leadership; (3) researchers in Indonesia have used indicators of effective educational leadership in accordance with what researchers use in other countries; and (4) education leadership researchers in Indonesia have provided recommendations for improving educational leadership. The above findings are expected to be discussed in developing educational leadership research in Indonesia.
Evaluasi Program Regrouping Sekolah Dasar Negeri
Authors: Erowati Maria Tri , Slameto Slameto , Wasitohadi Wasitohadi
Published: February 2019

This research is an evaluation that aimed to know the process of implementation policy, factors that effected regrouping school program, the effects of regrouping, and how the effectiveness and efficiency of the regrouping program in SD Negeri Tukang 01 and 02, Pabelan, Semarang. This evaluation research used goal-free evaluation with the subject is SD Negeri Tukang 01 and 02 Pabelan. The collecting data used interview, observation, and documentation, then the data analysis was data reduction, data presentation, and drawing the conclusion. The result of this research showed that SD Negeri Tukang 01 and 02 already grouped for 4 years before the Regent's letter published. Then, the students, teachers, government’s rule, and school condition be the factors affected the regrouping program. This regrouping program has several impacts, they answered the teacher need and/or there was a teacher mutation. Then for students, there weren’t much effect because the students already friends, and then increasing the school’s facility. Besides that, regrouping program might increase school quality and the society would not be confused to choose the school for their child. But then, the alumni of these school can be difficult to get legalize for their certificate. This regrouping program is effective and efficient enough to do because the teacher problem can be solved, then the school facility can be maximized and about the budgeting organize by the main school.
Pengembangan Modul Pelatihan Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) Dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesional dan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Matematika SMP
Authors: Wulandari Mega Retno , Iriani Ade
Published: February 2019

The research objectives are to describe the training that has been held so far and its weaknesses and to develop PCK training modules in order to improve the pedagogical and professional competence of mathematics teachers. This type of research is research and development. The research subjects were the MGMP Coordinator and junior high school mathematics teacher. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, documentation studies, and tests. Data analysis techniques use mixed methods. The PCK training module was developed using the Sugiyono model, taking 7 stages namely potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revisions, limited trials and product revisions. Module validation tests are carried out by module experts, PCK experts, and prospective users. Research results: 1) Training for junior high school mathematics teachers have been focused on the dissemination of the 2013 curriculum and PCK training has never been held; 2) The weakness of the training that has been held so far: material from the powerpoint print out presented by the speaker, when the training collided with teaching activities in the school, the training material was only about the 2013 curriculum; and 3) PCK training modules that have been developed are feasible to use.
Manajemen Pendidikan Khusus di Sekolah Luar Biasa Untuk Anak Autis
Authors: Daroni Gangsar Ali , Solihat Gina , Salim Abdul
Published: February 2019

This study aims to determine the implementation of special education management at Special School for Autism. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The speakers in this research are the principal and two teachers at Special School for Autism in Karanganyar. Data were collected by interview, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using Miles and Huberman models. There are three steps in this model, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The implementation of special education management at Special School for Autism in coordination by a principal. In planning educational programs, tailored to the ability of each autistic student using IEP (Individual Educational Program). The school has an organizational structure that works in accordance with its duties. The principal is in charge of coordinating school management, while the teacher is responsible for the management of the class. Special School for Autism is a recently established school. The condition of autistic students who have different characteristics, the location of the foundation's office with the school is very far away, and the entry of students with different disorder conditions with autistic students makes the implementation of education management in Special School for Autism not running optimally. Therefore, schools have made efforts to minimize these barriers.
Tests of Residual Shear Transfer Strength of Concrete Exposed to Fire
Authors: Shallal Muhaned A. , Musawi Aqil Mousa K. Al
Published: February 2019

Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used structural components about which much scientific research has been conducted; however, some of its characteristics still require further research. The main focus of this study is the effect of direct fire on the shear transfer strength of concrete. It was investigated under several parameters including concrete strength, number of stirrup legs (the steel area across the shear plane), and fire duration. The experimental program involved the testing of two sets (groups) of specimens (12 specimens each) with different concrete strengths. Each set contained specimens of two or four stirrup legs exposed to direct fire from one side (the fire was in an open area to simulate a real-life event) for a duration of one, two, and three hours. The results of the comparison showed the importance of using high-performance concrete (instead of increasing the number of stirrup legs) to resist shear stress for the purpose of safety. A significant reduction in shear strength occurred due to the deterioration of the concrete cover after three hours of direct fire exposure.