bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El zapateo en las tradiciones afrocriollas de la costa peruana: una mirada a lo musical
Authors: López Alcas Ricardo
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo es un estudio musical del zapateo como forma de producción sonora en dos tradiciones musicalmente diferenciadas de la costa de Perú: el zapateo del hatajo de negritos y el zapateo criollo. Para ello, hemos enmarcado los ámbitos sociales de su práctica desde la tradición local hasta los espacios urbano-artísticos de Lima y reconocido los rasgos performativos de cada caso en tanto elementos diferenciadores. Centralmente, planteamos el estudio de los elementos sonoro-musicales de ambas tradiciones analizando los toques instrumentales de la guitarra y el uso del tabladillo en el zapateo criollo, y el toque del violín, la voz y la campanilla en el hatajo de negritos. Paralelo a ello, profundizamos en la expresión propiamente musical del zapateo a través de transcripciones enfocadas en la acción performativo-musical del zapateador, lo cual, desde una perspectiva musicológica, permite develar las relaciones musicales que existen entre los patrones rítmicos del marco instrumental y la variedad de timbres que se produce en el zapateo al ejecutar diferentes rudimentos. Finalmente, tras exponer los elementos diferenciadores de cada tradición, reconocemos los aspectos comunes y expandidos que permiten hablar de una práctica afrocriolla expandida en la costa de Perú.
Penguatan Islam Moderat di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ma’arif Singosaren Ponorogo
Authors: Nurrohman Wawan Marsudi , Alvarozi Matsna Zakia
Published: January 2024

This study aims to find out things that can strengthen Moderate Islam. Through an approach at school, which is influenced by many factors, including teachers, peers, learning and parents of students. Therefore, strengthening moderate Islam is very important to support and encourage the formation of moderate student character where there is inculcation in students including faith values, worship values, and moral values. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research type. The choice of this method was carried out because the analysis could not be in the form of numbers and the researcher described more clearly all the phenomena that existed in society. This research was carried out in stages according to a predetermined schedule to obtain complete and relevant data. Data obtained from interviews and observations were presented in the form of descriptions, and processed using words that are easier to understand and understand. The results of this study say that to realize moderate Islam, habituation and activities can be carried out by students so as to foster the meaning of moderate itself. Namely the balance between belief and tolerance, as having certain beliefs but still having a balanced tolerance for other beliefs.
Penerapan Media Roda Putar (Spinning Wheel) Dalam Meningkatkan Kosakata Bahasa Arab di MTs N 10 Jember
Authors: Syaharani Indry , Bukhori Evi Muzaiyidah , Aimmah Muftiatul
Published: January 2024

The rotating wheel is a circle that can be rotated and divided into several sectors/parts inwhichtherearequestioncards.Oneinterestingwaytoimprovemasteryofmufrodatandto make it easier for students to remember mufrodat is to use a rotating wheel, which isexpectedtobeabletoimprovestudents'abilities,especiallyinincreasingstudents'vocabulary. The main aim of learning Arabic mufradat is to introduce new vocabulary tostudents either through, train students to be able to pronounce the vocabulary properly andcorrectly, understand the meaning of vocabulary, both denotatively or lexically and whenused in the context of certain sentences. Mastery of mufradat is a person's understandingand ability to use or master mufradat in communication. The method used in this researchis a descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques use expert theoriestaken from some books and scientific journals. Actions used in this research is rotatingwheelmedia.Roda putar berbentuk lingkaran yang dapat diputar dan dibagi menjadi beberapasektor/bagian yang didalamnya terdapat kartu soal. Salah satu cara yang menarik untukmeningkatkanpenguasaanmufrodatdanuntukmemudahkansiswadalammengingatmufrodat adalah dengan menggunakan media roda putar, yang diharapkan mampu untukmeningkatkankemampuansiswakhususnyadalammeningkatkankosakatasiswa.Tujuanutama pembelajaran mufradat bahasa Arab adalah memperkenalkan kosakata baru kepadasiswa baik, memahami makna kosakata, baik secara denotatif maupun leksikal dan biladigunakan dalam konteks kalimat tertentu. Penguasaan mufradat adalah pemahaman dankemampuanseseorangdalammenggunakanataumenguasaimufradatdalamberkomunikasi. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah strategi eksplorasiilustratif subjektif. Strategi pengumpulan informasi memanfaatkan spekulasi utama yangdiambil dari beberapa buku dan catatan harian logis. Kegiatan yang digunakan dalameksplorasiiniadalahmedia roda berputar.
Pengetahuan dan sikap ibu dengan kejadian stunting pada balita
Authors: Sinaga Suharni Pintamas , Barus Lydia , Fadila Fasha
Published: January 2024

Latar belakang: Masalah stunting pada balita, dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan fisik dan perkembangan anak terhambat. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah karena kekurangan nutrisi dan terjadinya infeksi berulang pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu balita terhadap kejadian stunting. 
Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan berupa cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 129 ibu yang memiliki balita. Purposive sampling digunakan untuk memilih 59 ibu balita yang ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi square.
Hasil: Prevalensi balita yang mengalami stunting sebanyak 25,4%. Pengetahuan ibu balita paling banyak pada kategori kurang baik yaitu 52,5%, sikap ibu, lebih banyak pada kategori negatif yaitu 62,7%. Pengetahuan (p = 0,030; PR = 3,61; 95% CI 1,136-11,495), dan sikap ibu balita (p = 0,036; PR = 3,86; 95% CI 1,961-15,549) berhubungan signifikan terhadap kejadian stunting. Ibu balita yang berpengetahuan kurang baik, 3,61 kali anak balita cenderung mengalami stunting dibanding dengan ibu yang berpengetahuan baik. Ibu balita yang memiliki sikap negatif, 3,86 kali anak balita cenderung mengalami stunting dibandingkan dengan ibu yang memiliki sikap positif.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menjadi indikasi bahwa pengetahuan ibu yang kurang serta sikap yang negatif merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Orang Tua Tentang Konsumsi Buah Dan Sayur Pada Anak Pra Sekolah Melalui Ceramah
Authors: Hartono Hartono , Siregar Santy Deasy , Maulana Putri Rahma Titania
Published: January 2024

Konsumsi buah dan sayur pada kelompok anak-anak pra sekolah masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Rendahnya konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak pra sekolah dapat berpengaruh pada kegagalan tumbuh kembang anak dan risiko berbagai risiko penyakit di usia dewasa. Penelitin ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan orang tua tentang konsumsi buah dan sayur pada anak pra sekolah melalui ceramah. Studi ini menggunakan metode quasy experiment dengan rancangan non randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Wilayah Kerja Puskemas Glugur Darat. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2023. Subyek penelitian adalah seluruh orang tua balita usia 24-59 bulan yang berada di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Glugur Darat sebanyak 4.356 orang. Besar sampel yaitu 98 orang yang diperoleh dengan teknik simple random sampling. Intervensi pada penelitian ini adalah pemberian penyuluhan metode ceramah. Pretest dan Posttest dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah subjek mendapatkan penyuluhan melalui ceramah untuk mengukur pengetahuan tentang konsumsi buah dan sayur. Pengumpulan dara dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah diberikan media ceramah. Analisis data menggunakan uji T-Berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan skor rerata pengetahuan orang tua sebelum dan sesudah mendapatkan penyuluhan melalui media ceramah sebesar -6,449. Hasil analisis dengan Uji T Berpasangan juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan skor rerata pengetahuan orang tua sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi melalui media ceramah (p= <0,001). Kepada orang tua anak agar lebih memperhatikan konsumsi buah dan sayur pada anak.
The change in legal relations with a public or municipal authorities regulated by budget legislation and grant agreements
Authors: Fedulkin Denis Pavlovich , Romanova Ekaterina Petrovna , Tezin Ilya Vladimirovich
Published: January 2024

Public and municipal authorities regularly act as customers of various goods, works and services, as well as finance projects or provide targeted support to organizations as part of the implementation of State support measures. If the first role, as a rule, is implemented through traditional public procurement, then the second is through special regulation created under the conditions of appropriate support, and through agreements on the provision of subsidies or grants in the form of subsidies. Such agreements are not subject to procurement legislation, and the content of the legal relations generated by them has low regulatory and methodological security. At the same time, the Civil Code of Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the CC RF) is increasingly being applied to relations based on agreements by analogy with law. The implementation of agreements, as a rule, is associated with the emergence of an objective need to change them, related both to changes in the circumstances from which the parties proceeded when concluding them, and to subjective reasons, including planning errors. Within the framework of the article, the authors, using dialectical, logical, systemic and functional methods, considered and highlighted the circumstances of the permissibility and inadmissibility of making changes to these agreements. A special utilitarian character is carried by a fragment of the article based on the analysis of judicial practice and acts of regulatory and auditing authority, which highlights specific situations that are important for the formation of a comprehensive understanding of the assessment of the circumstances of changing agreements.
Integrative study of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in a murine pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia model
Authors: Gicquel Tristan , Marchiano Fabio , Reyes-Castellanos Gabriela , Audebert Stéphane , Camoin Luc , Habermann Bianca , Giannesini Benoit , Carrier Alice
Published: January 2024

Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC), the most common pancreatic cancer, is a deadly cancer, often diagnosed late and resistant to current therapies. PDAC patients are frequently affected by cachexia characterized by muscle mass and strength loss (sarcopenia) contributing to patient frailty and poor therapeutic response. The objective of this work was to investigate the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial remodeling in the cachectic skeletal muscle, through an integrative study combining functional, morphological and omics-based evaluation of gastrocnemius muscle from genetically-engineered mice developing autochthonous pancreatic tumor and cachexia (KIC GEMM).KIC cachectic PDAC mice exhibit severe sarcopenia with loss of muscle mass and strength associated with reduced muscle fiber’s size and induction of protein degradation processes. Mitochondria in PDAC atrophied muscles show reduced respiratory capacities and structural alterations, associated with deregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dynamics pathways. Beyond the metabolic pathways known to be altered in sarcopenic muscle (carbohydrates, proteins, and redox), lipid and nucleic acid metabolisms are also affected. While the number of mitochondria per cell is not altered, mitochondrial mass is decreased by a factor of 2 and the mitochondrial DNA by a factor of 3, suggesting a defect in mitochondrial genome homeostasis.Muscle atrophy is associated with strong mitochondrial metabolic defects that are not limited to carbohydrate, protein and redox metabolism, but concern also lipid and nucleic acid metabolism.This work provides a framework to guide towards the most relevant targets in the clinic to limit PDAC-induced cachexia, in particular mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism.
Forecast evaluations in meat demand analysis
Authors: Wang Zijun , Bessler David A.
Published: October 2003

This article offers a comparison of short‐term forecasting ability of five demand systems with an application to U.S. meat consumption. Four static demand systems (AIDS, Rotterdam, AIM, and DGM) and a dynamic Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) are considered. We tested the equality of mean square forecast errors. We also investigated the possibility of forecast encompassing among competing models. In general, the dynamic VECM model performed best, followed by the simple causal DGM model. Among three static systems, the AIDS model slightly leads the competition. Furthermore, this article provides the first evidence in literature on whether imposition of homogeneity restrictions on a cointegration space can improve the forecast accuracy of a VECM model: it does when it holds. [EconLit citations: Q10; C53]. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 19: 505–523, 2003.
Titelbild: Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Chiral Two‐Dimensional Ferrimagnet with TC of 38 K (Angew. Chem. 39/2003)
Authors: Inoue Katsuya , Kikuchi Koichi , Ohba Masaaki , Ōkawa Hisashi
Published: October 2003

Chirale Magnete zeigen zwei wichtige optische Eigenschaften: intrinsische optische Aktivität und den Faraday‐Effekt. Zweidimensionale Magnete entwickeln diese Eigenschaften bei höheren kritischen Temperaturen als eindimensionale. Auf S. 4958 ff. beschreiben Inoue et al. die strukturellen und magnetischen Eigenschaften eines chiralen molekularen Magneten mit einer Übergangstemperatur von 38 K, der ferrimagnetische Wechselwirkungen zwischen MnII‐ und CrIII‐Ionen enthält.
Cover Picture: Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Chiral Two‐Dimensional Ferrimagnet with TC of 38 K (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39/2003)
Authors: Inoue Katsuya , Kikuchi Koichi , Ohba Masaaki , Ōkawa Hisashi
Published: October 2003

Chiral magnets exhibit two important optical properties: intrinsic optical activity and the Faraday effect. Two‐dimensional chiral magnets reveal these effects at higher critical temperatures than their one‐dimensional counterparts. On page 4810 ff., K. Inoue and co‐workers describe the structure and magnetic properties of such a chiral molecular magnet in which MnII and CrIII ions are shown to interact ferrimagnetically; the magnetic transition occurs at 38 K.
The Use of Simulation Techniques in Developing Kinetic Models for Polymerization
Authors: Busch M. , Müller M. , Wulkow M.
Published: October 2003

The demands on simulations of polymerization reactions grow continuously, as do their capabilities. Using two examples it will be demonstrated how the use of detailed kinetic models in such simulations can contribute to the development of experimental strategies for determining rate coefficients, assist in mechanistic analysis and enable feasibility studies about operational strategies. Using the high‐temperature butyl acrylate polymerization as an example, it will be illustrated, based on detailed analytical information, how the kinetic scheme of the butyl acrylate polymerization expands to a complex network of elementary reactions. Based on this model an experimental strategy will be developed for the selective determination of the individual rate coefficients. A comparison of the results from these simulations with experimental data shows that a realization of the developed concept appears to be within reach. The second example is based on a kinetic scheme of the, high‐temperature high‐pressure, polymerization of ethene. In addition, using this kinetic scheme, the capability of nitroxyl species in establishing a controlled radical polymerization mechanism in polymerizations that show high polymerization rates and significant quantities of intra‐ and inter‐molecular branching reactions will be tested. This feasibility study will examine the potential effect a nitroxyl species has on the kinetic mechanism with respect to its stability and the structural characteristics of a polymer that results from such a polymerization.
Efficient Monitoring of Biotechnological Processes by Means of Titration
Authors: Feitkenhauer H.
Published: October 2003

In this paper, the author demonstrates with examples how simple titrimetric techniques can be applied to efficient process control. Important process parameters, such as cell densities and product concentrations, are computed or estimated on the basis of titrimetric data. Great importance was attached to keeping applications as simple as possible. So, it is not required that biomass be separated prior to analysis. With that a source of disturbance can be minimized.
Mathematical model for turbulent flow, heat transfer, and solidification
Authors: Feng Y.H. , Zhang X.X. , Xu Z.B. , Wang X.H.
Published: October 2003

A steady‐state, two‐dimensional numerical model has been used to describe coupled liquid steel's turbulent flow and heat transfer with solidification for Fe‐C binary alloy in a crystallizer of inverse casting. The solid‐liquid phase change phenomena have been modeled by using continuum formulations and considering the mushy zone as porous media. The turbulence flow in the crystallizer has been accounted for using a modified version of the low‐Reynolds‐number κ−ε turbulence model. The flow pattern in the liquid zone and the temperature distribution in the solid, mushy, and liquid regions have been predicted. The numerical analysis indicates that the residence time of the mother sheet in the crystallizer is one of the key parameters. The effects of some other main parameters on the solidification behavior have also been studied, such as the thickness and the initial temperature of the mother sheet, and the superheat degree of liquid steel. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(7): 582–592, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10112
Analytical method of two‐dimensional inverse heat conduction problem using Laplace transformation: Effect of number of measurement points
Authors: Monde Masanori , Arima Hirofumi , Liu Wei , Mitsutake Yuhichi , Hammad J.A.
Published: October 2003

An analytical method has been developed for the inverse problem of two‐dimensional heat conduction using the Laplace transform technique. The inverse problem is solved for only two unknown surface conditions and the other surfaces are insulated in a finite rectangular body. In actual temperature measurement, the number of points in a solid is usually limited so that the number of temperature measurements required to approximate the temperature change in the solid becomes too small to obtain an approximate function using a half polynomial power series of time and the Fourier series of the eigenfunction. In order to compensate for this lack of measurement points, the third‐order Spline method is recommended for interpolating unknown temperatures at locations between measurement points. Eight points are recommended as the minimum number of temperature measurement points. The calculated results for a number of representative cases indicate that the surface temperature and the surface heat flux can be predicted well, as revealed by comparison with the given surface condition. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(7): 618–629, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10116
Characteristics of a single‐layered organic electroluminescent device using a carrier‐transporting copolymer and a nonconjugated light‐emitting polymer
Authors: Lee Chang Ho , Ryu Seung Hoon , Oh Se Young
Published: October 2003

We have synthesized a novel carrier‐transporting copolymer and a nonconjugated light‐emitting polymer. The carrier‐transporting copolymer has a triphenylamine moiety as a hole‐transporting unit and a triazine moiety as an electron‐transporting unit, both of which are located in the polymer side chain. The nonconjugated light‐emitting polymer has a perylene moiety, which acts as an emitting unit in the polymer side chain. These polymers are very soluble in most organic solvents, such as monochlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and benzene. A single‐layered electroluminescent device consisting of ITO/copolymer and emitting‐material 4‐(dicyanomethylene)‐2‐methyl‐6‐(4‐dimethylaminostyryl)‐4H‐pyran (DCM) or light‐emitting polymer)/Al mixtures exhibits maximum external quantum efficiency when the concentration of the emitting material is 30 wt %. The device emits red or blue light according to the emitting material. When CsF is used as the electron‐injecting material, the drive voltage decreases drastically to 7 V, and the highest quantum efficiency is 0.5%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2733–2743, 2003
High‐performance polymer‐based electrophosphorescent light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Gong Xiong , Ostrowski Jacek C. , Moses Daniel , Bazan Guillermo C. , Heeger Alan J.
Published: October 2003

High‐performance electrophosphorescent light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) were demonstrated with tris‐[9,9‐dihexyl‐2‐(pyridinyl‐2′) fluorene] iridium(III) [Ir(DPF)3], tris‐{9,9‐dihexyl‐2‐[phenyl‐4′‐(‐pyridin‐2″‐yl)] fluorene} iridium(III) [Ir(DPPF)3], and tris‐[2,5‐bis‐2′‐(9,9′‐dihexylfluorene) iridium] [Ir(HFP)3] as guests and poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) blended with 2‐tert‐butylphenyl‐5‐biphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol (PBD), poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl) (PFO), and poly(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)‐co‐2,5‐dicyanophenylene (PF3CNP1) as hosts. The devices made with PVK‐PBD exhibited the highest external quantum efficiency (QEext), luminous efficiency (LE) and luminance (L). For example, yellowish green emission from PVK‐PBD doped with Ir(DPF)3 was observed with QEext = 10% ph/el, LE = 36 cd/A, and L > 8300 cd/m2, and red emission from PVK‐PBD doped with Ir(DPPF)3 was observed with QEext = 5% ph/el, LE = 7.2 cd/A, and L > 2700 cd/m2. Red electrophosphorescent LEDs with a low turn‐on voltage (5 V), QEext= 4.5% ph/el, LE = 6.2 cd/A, and L > 1000 cd/m2 were achieved with the conjugated polymer, PFO, as the host and Ir(HFP)3 as the guest. Electrophosphorescent LEDs fabricated with the conjugated copolymer PF3CNP1 doped with Ir(HFP)3 exhibited QEext = 1.5% ph/el and LE = 3 cd/A with L = 2200 cd/m2. These devices exhibited good operational stability under DC drive at room temperature. Förster energy transfer played a minor role in achieving the high efficiencies in these electrophosphorescent devices; direct sequential charge trapping appeared to be the main operating mechanism. These results demonstrated that high‐performance electrophosphorescence can be obtained from polymer‐based LEDs that are fabricated by processing the active materials directly from solution. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2691–2705, 2003
Temperature dependent photoluminescence in self assembled InAs quantum dot arrays
Authors: Lamba Subhalakshmi , Joshi S. K.
Published: October 2003

In this paper we investigate the competing effects of thermally assisted hopping and radiative recombination of disorder induced spatially localized excitons on the temperature dependent PL spectrum of a self assembled InAs quantum dot array on GaAs. The stationary photoluminescence spectrum due to the lowest exciton state is calculated from a Monte Carlo simulation. We have also included the effect of the narrowing of the band gap with the increase of temperature. Our results on variation of the peak position and linewidth of the PL spectrum with temperature are in agreement with existing experimental results on InAs/GaAs dot arrays.
Phase diagrams and the thermal variations of the order‐parameters in the mixed spin‐1 and spin‐$3 \over 2$ ising model on the Bethe lattice
Authors: Albayrak Erhan
Published: October 2003

The mixed spin‐1 and spin‐$3 \over 2$ Blume‐Capel Ising ferromagnetic system (J > 0) with two crystal‐field interactions, DA for spin‐1 and DB for spin‐$3 \over 2$, is studied on the Bethe lattice using the exact recursion equations for the central‐spin with spin‐$3 \over 2$. The exact expressions for the order‐parameters, the Curie temperature and the free energy are obtained in terms of the recursion relations. The phase diagrams on the $\bigg ({{kT_c}\over{J}}, \,{{D_A}\over{J}}\bigg )$ and $\bigg ({{kT_c}\over{J}}, \,{{D_B}\over{J}}\bigg )$ planes are studied for selected values of DB/J and DA/J, respectively, for the coordination numbers q = 3, 4, and 6. Besides the second‐order phase transition lines, the lines of the first‐order phase transitions terminating either at a tricritical point or at an isolated critical point are found. The thermal variations of the order‐parameters are studied with two formulations, both obtained on the Bethe lattice for the mixed spin‐1 and spin‐$3 \over 2$ Ising system using the exact recursion relations, but one with the central‐spin with spin‐1 and the other is for the central‐spin with spin‐$3 \over 2$ for q = 3, thus, it is shown that the choice of the central‐spin on the Bethe lattice has no effect on the phase diagrams.
Possible effect of incommensurate spin fluctuations on the normal state properties of Sr2RuO4
Authors: Lou Ping , Chang Ming‐Che , Wu Wen‐Chin
Published: October 2003

The normal‐state transport properties of Sr2RuO4 are investigated for both in and out of RuO2 plane. It is shown that a quantitatively consistent explanation of ρab and ρc can be obtained by assuming that, in addition to normal scattering of the electrons by impurities and the electron–electron scattering, there is a strong coupling between the carriers of γ band and the incommensurate spin fluctuations peaked at Qi = (±0.6, ±0.6) π/a. In order to test this model, we suggest a pressure experiment to be performed. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atomic models for the ErSi2/Si(111) interface
Authors: Koutentaki E. , Frangis N.
Published: October 2003

Atomic models for the ErSi2/Si(111) interface are proposed and studied with computed simulated images, which are compared with experimental HREM ones taken along The calculations were performed for ten different models of the interface. The study reveals the validity of two of those models. The atoms at the interface are at positions and distances compatible with the structures of silicon and the silicide. Evidence is also presented for the existence of other types of interfaces in the system.
Multi‐peak structure of the kinetic‐energy distribution of Na+ desorbed from NaCl during electron irradiation
Authors: Markowski L.
Published: October 2003

Results of electron‐stimulated desorption of positive ions measured by the time‐of‐flight method from thin NaCl layers deposited onto Si(111) crystal are presented. The kinetic‐energy distribution of Na+ is characterized by at least a double‐peak structure suggesting desorption by the wave packet squeezing process, proposed recently for Li+ desorption from LiF. Moreover, a delayed Na+ signal is observed, indicating desorption of core‐excited Na** atoms being in metastable autoionizing states.
Nonequilibrium dynamic transition and relevant critical exponents of an Ising spin system subject to an oscillating field
Authors: Shao Y. Z. , Zhong W. R. , Lin G. M.
Published: October 2003

The non‐equilibrium dynamic transition of an Ising spin system driven by an oscillating field was studied through solving the mean‐field equation of motion based on Glauber dynamics. By approaching the temperature t and the amplitude h0 of the driving field to their critical values tc and h0c simultaneously, we worked out a scaling formula that relates the reduced dynamic order parameter Q/Qmax of the system with both critical temperature tc and critical amplitude h0c, i.e. $Q/Q_{\rm max } \sim ( h_{0{\rm c}} - h_0)^{1/\delta } (t_{\rm c} - t)^\beta$. The two critical exponents were figured out as 1/δ = 0.2000 ± 0.0005 and β = 0.1935 ± 0.0005, respectively. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparing Students for Educated Living: Virtues of Problem‐Based Learning Across the Higher Education Curriculum
Authors: Knowlton Dave S.
Published: October 2003

The author argues that professors must engage students in problem‐solving activities across all disciplines. To ignore students' problem‐solving skills is to undermine the possibility of creating “educated individuals” through higher education.
NMDA-receptor hypofunction versus excessive synaptic elimination as models of schizophrenia
Authors: Hoffman Ralph E. , McGlashan Thomas H.
Published: October 2003

We propose that the primary cause of schizophrenia is a pathological extension of synaptic pruning involving local connectivity that unfolds ordinarily during adolescence. Computer simulations suggest that this pathology provides reasonable accounts of a range of symptoms in schizophrenia, and is consistent with recent postmortem and genetic studies. NMDA-receptors play a regulatory role in maintaining and/or eliminating cortical synapses, and therefore may play a pathophysiological role.
Is sensory gating a form of cognitive coordination?
Authors: Kisley Michael A. , Davalos Deana B.
Published: October 2003

Neurophysiological investigations of the past two decades have consistently demonstrated a deficit in sensory gating associated with schizophrenia. Phillips & Silverstein interpret this impairment as being consistent with cognitive coordination dysfunction. However, the physiological mechanisms that underlie sensory gating have not been shown to involve gamma-band oscillations or NMDA-receptors, both of which are critical neural elements in the cognitive coordination model.
Reconciling schizophrenic deficits in top-down and bottom-up processes: Not yet
Authors: MacDonald Angus W.
Published: October 2003

This commentary challenges the authors to use their computational modeling techniques to support one of their central claims: that schizophrenic deficits in bottom-up (Gestalt-type tasks) and top-down (cognitive control tasks) context processing tasks arise from the same dysfunction. Further clarification about the limits of cognitive coordination would also strengthen the hypothesis.
OPTIMAL EXIT FROM A PROJECT WITH NOISY RETURNS
Authors: Ryan Reade , Lippman Steven A.
Published: October 2003

We consider the problem of selecting a stopping time τ
which determines when to exit an investment project when the
project's cumulative profit up to time t is
Xt, where {Xt :
t ≥ 0} is a Brownian motion with drift μ and variance
σ2. The profit rate μ never changes over time,
but μ is not directly observable. Specifically, μ takes the
value μH > 0 when in the high state and
μL < 0 when in the low state, and the
initial probability p0 that the project is in the
high state is known. The decision-maker seeks to maximize the expected
discounted profit up to time τ. Using the theory of stochastic
differential equations, we show that it is optimal to exit only when
the posterior probability Pt of being in
the high state falls below a critical number p*,
and we produce a simple, closed form for p*. Our
most surprising comparative-statics result is that the expected discounted
profit increases with |μL|, provided
|μL| is large.
BOUNDS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL BINARY SCAN
STATISTICS
Authors: Boutsikas Michael V. , Koutras Markos V.
Published: October 2003

In the present article, we develop some efficient bounds for
the distribution function of a two-dimensional scan statistic
defined on a (double) sequence of independent and identically
distributed (i.i.d.) binary trials. The methodology employed
here takes advantage of the connection between the scan statistic
problem and an equivalent reliability structure and exploits
appropriate techniques of reliability theory to establish tractable
bounds for the distribution of the statistic of interest. An
asymptotic result is established and a numerical study is carried
out to investigate the efficiency of the suggested bounds.
Psychology in rehabilitation of older adults
Authors: Rees J , Wilcox Julie R , Cuddihy Richard A
Published: October 2003

Whilst clinical psychologists and a few fellow professionals have long known the importance of psychology in rehabilitation, it has recently been formally acknowledged as an essential professional discipline in such settings. In relation to stroke care for example, the recently published National Service Framework for Older Adults, England (NSFOA) specifies (Standard Five) that multidisciplinary stroke rehabilitation teams should include clinical psychologists, a view that is echoed in the Royal College of Physicians’ ‘Guidelines for Stroke Care’. The NSF is not yet universal to all areas of the UK, however, this article will reflect the English NSF as appropriate
standards for health care across the country.
Dating Antarctic blue ice areas using a novel ice flow model
Authors: Grinsted Aslak , Moore John , Spikes Vandy Blue , Sinisalo Anna
Published: October 2003

We present a new type of flow model suitable for Antarctic blue ice areas, with application to dating ice for paleoclimate purposes. The volume conserving model uses field data for surface velocities, mass balance and ice thickness along a flow line, with parameterized variation of ice rheology with depth to produce particle trajectories and isochrones. The model is tested on the contrasting Allan Hills Near Western Ice Field and the Scharffenbergbotnen blue ice fields in Antarctica by comparing predicted ages with ages inferred from meteorites and 14C data. During the glacial periods, ice surface velocities at the Allan Hills must have been 25% less, and accumulation rates 50% less than present day values in order to match meteorite ages. In contrast, Scharffenbergbotnen velocities have probably been fairly constant over time due to the atypical valley where it resides.
Thermal emission spectroscopy of the silica polymorphs and considerations for remote sensing of Mars
Authors: Michalski Joseph R. , Kraft Michael D. , Diedrich Tamara , Sharp Thomas G. , Christensen Philip R.
Published: October 2003

The possible existence of silica‐rich rocks on Mars requires consideration of all of the candidate forms of silica that might exist there. We synthesized coesite and cristobalite, and obtained natural samples of tridymite, opal‐A, and opal‐CT. The thermal emission spectra of these silica phases were analyzed and related to their crystal structure and crystallinity. Structural differences between the polymorphs result in unique spectral character and the degree and type of crystal ordering in opal‐CT results in cristobalite‐ or tridymite‐like spectral features. These spectra will be useful for analysis of Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data from Mars. While silica polymorphs are not modeled in deconvolution of the two main TES surface‐type spectra, this does not preclude the possible detection of local abundances of these minerals on Mars. Spectral detection of silica phases on Mars would have implications for the volcanic and alteration history of the planet.
Interseismic deformation at the Nankai subduction zone and the Median Tectonic Line, southwest Japan
Authors: Aoki Yosuke , Scholz Christopher H.
Published: October 2003

GPS velocities in the vicinity of the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan, were inverted into three components: interplate loading due to Nankai Trough subduction, deformation associated with deep slip on the Median Tectonic Line (MTL), and the residual rigid plate motion. The results show a gradual decrease of interplate seismic coupling between 25 and 40 km depth on the Nankai Trough interface. This is consistent with the deep slip model, in which the fault extends as a ductile shear zone, with a depth‐variable interplate strain accumulation rate. The top 20 km of the interface may not be fully coupled, although the resolution is poor there. The low coupling at shallow depths is consistent with the accretionary prism detected by seismic surveys. The MTL slip rate is estimated to be between 0.00 and 5.50 mm/yr if we assume a vertical fault and between 0.00 and 3.88 mm/yr if we assume a north dipping fault. Combining our results with a geological estimate (4–9 mm/yr) and a geodetic estimate with a denser network (∼5 mm/yr) suggests that the MTL slip rate may be near the upper bound of our geodetic estimate, that is, ∼4–5 mm/yr. The rigid plate motion with respect to the stable Eurasian craton was estimated to be very small, indicating that southwestern Japan is on the Eurasian plate rather than a separate plate.
Sequence alignment kernel for recognition of promoter regions
Authors: Gordon Leo , Chervonenkis Alexey Ya. , Gammerman Alex J. , Shahmuradov Ilham A. , Solovyev Victor V.
Published: October 2003

In this paper we propose a new method for recognition of prokaryotic promoter regions with startpoints of transcription. The method is based on Sequence Alignment Kernel, a function reflecting the quantitative measure of match between two sequences. This kernel function is further used in Dual SVM, which performs the recognition.

Several recognition methods have been trained and tested on positive data set, consisting of 669 σ70-promoter regions with known transcription startpoints of Escherichia coli and two negative data sets of 709 examples each, taken from coding and non-coding regions of the same genome. The results show that our method performs well and achieves 16.5% average error rate on positive & coding negative data and 18.6% average error rate on positive & non-coding negative data.

Availability:The demo version of our method is accessible from our website http://mendel.cs.rhul.ac.uk/
Chaotic State of Physical Pendulum Driven by Anharmonic Periodic Force
Authors: Qin Xiao-Ping , Sheng Zheng-Mao
Published: October 2003

The chaotic movement of physical pendulum, which is driven by an anharmonic periodic force, is studied by experiment and simulation. The correlation dimension and the largest Lyapunov exponent is obtained by numerical simulation.It is found that there is an obvious difference of correlation dimensions between the systems driven by anharmonic periodic force and harmonic periodic force.
Reasoning about temporal relations
Authors: Krokhin Andrei , Jeavons Peter , Jonsson Peter
Published: October 2003

Allen's interval algebra is one of the best established formalisms for temporal reasoning. This article provides the final step in the classification of complexity for satisfiability problems over constraints expressed in this algebra. When the constraints are chosen from the full Allen's algebra, this form of satisfiability problem is known to be NP-complete. However, eighteen tractable subalgebras have previously been identified; we show here that these subalgebras include all possible tractable subsets of Allen's algebra. In other words, we show that this algebra contains exactly eighteen maximal tractable subalgebras, and reasoning in any fragment not entirely contained in one of these subalgebras is NP-complete. We obtain this dichotomy result by giving a new uniform description of the known maximal tractable subalgebras, and then systematically using a general algebraic technique for identifying maximal subalgebras with a given property.
Sequential point trees
Authors: Dachsbacher Carsten , Vogelgsang Christian , Stamminger Marc
Published: October 2003

In this paper we present sequential point trees, a data structure that allows adaptive rendering of point clouds completely on the graphics processor. Sequential point trees are based on a hierarchical point representation, but the hierarchical rendering traversal is replaced by sequential processing on the graphics processor, while the CPU is available for other tasks. Smooth transition to triangle rendering for optimized performance is integrated. We describe optimizations for backface culling and texture adaptive point selection. Finally, we discuss implementation issues and show results.
Twister
Authors: Llamas Ignacio , Kim Byungmoon , Gargus Joshua , Rossignac Jarek , Shaw Chris D.
Published: October 2003

A free-form deformation that warps a surface or solid may be specified in terms of one or several point-displacement constraints that must be interpolated by the deformation. The Twister approach introduced here, adds the capability to impose an orientation change, adding three rotational constraints, at each displaced point. Furthermore, it solves for a space warp that simultaneously interpolates two sets of such displacement and orientation constraints. With a 6 DoF magnetic tracker in each hand, the user may grab two points on or near the surface of an object and simultaneously drag them to new locations while rotating the trackers to tilt, bend, or twist the shape near the displaced points. Using a new formalism based on a weighted average of
screw displacements
, Twister computes in realtime a smooth deformation, whose effect decays with distance from the grabbed points, simultaneously interpolating the 12 constraints. It is continuously applied to the shape, providing realtime graphic feedback. The two-hand interface and the resulting deformation are intuitive and hence offer an effective direct manipulation tool for creating or modifying 3D shapes.
Delay streams for graphics hardware
Authors: Aila Timo , Miettinen Ville , Nordlund Petri
Published: October 2003

In causal processes decisions do not depend on future data. Many well-known problems, such as occlusion culling, order-independent transparency and edge antialiasing cannot be properly solved using the traditional causal rendering architectures, because future data may change the interpretation of current events.We propose adding a
delay stream
between the vertex and pixel processing units. While a triangle resides in the delay stream, subsequent triangles generate occlusion information. As a result, the triangle may be culled by primitives that were submitted
after
it. We show two-to fourfold efficiency improvements in pixel processing and video memory bandwidth usage in common benchmark scenes. We also demonstrate how the memory requirements of order-independent transparency can be substantially reduced by using delay streams. Finally, we describe how discontinuity edges can be detected in hardware. Previously used heuristics for collapsing samples in adaptive supersampling are thus replaced by connectivity information.
Graphics for the masses
Authors: Akenine-Möller Tomas , Ström Jacob
Published: October 2003

The mobile phone is one of the most widespread devices with rendering capabilities. Those capabilities have been very limited because the resources on such devices are extremely scarce; small amounts of memory, little bandwidth, little chip area dedicated for special purposes, and limited power consumption. The small display resolutions present a further challenge; the angle subtended by a pixel is relatively large, and therefore reasonably high quality rendering is needed to generate high fidelity images.To increase the mobile rendering capabilities, we propose a new hardware architecture for rasterizing textured triangles. Our architecture focuses on saving memory bandwidth, since an external memory access typically is one of the most energy-consuming operations, and because mobile phones need to use as little power as possible. Therefore, our system includes three new key innovations: I) an inexpensive multisampling scheme that gives relatively high quality at the same cost of previous inexpensive schemes, II) a texture minification system, including texture compression, which gives quality relatively close to trilinear mipmapping at the cost of 1.33 32-bit memory accesses on average, III) a scanline-based culling scheme that avoids a significant amount of z-buffer reads, and that only requires one context. Software simulations show that these three innovations together significantly reduce the memory bandwidth, and thus also the power consumption.
Designing effective step-by-step assembly instructions
Authors: Agrawala Maneesh , Phan Doantam , Heiser Julie , Haymaker John , Klingner Jeff , Hanrahan Pat , Tversky Barbara
Published: October 2003

We present design principles for creating effective assembly instructions and a system that is based on these principles. The principles are drawn from cognitive psychology research which investigated people's conceptual models of assembly and effective methods to visually communicate assembly information. Our system is inspired by earlier work in robotics on assembly planning and in visualization on automated presentation design. Although other systems have considered presentation and planning independently, we believe it is necessary to address the two problems simultaneously in order to create effective assembly instructions. We describe the algorithmic techniques used to produce assembly instructions given object geometry, orientation, and optional grouping and ordering constraints on the object's parts. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to produce aesthetically pleasing and easy to follow instructions for many everyday objects.
Comparing the performance of collection selection algorithms
Authors: Powell Allison L. , French James C.
Published: October 2003

The proliferation of online information resources increases the importance of effective and efficient information retrieval in a multicollection environment. Multicollection searching is cast in three parts: collection selection (also referred to as database selection), query processing and results merging. In this work, we focus our attention on the evaluation of the first step, collection selection.In this article, we present a detailed discussion of the methodology that we used to evaluate and compare collection selection approaches, covering both test environments and evaluation measures. We compare the
CORI
,
CVV
and
gGLOSS
collection selection approaches using six test environments utilizing three document testbeds. We note similar trends in performance among the collection selection approaches, but the
CORI
approach consistently outperforms the other approaches, suggesting that effective collection selection can be achieved using limited information about each collection.The contributions of this work are both the assembled evaluation methodology as well as the application of that methodology to compare collection selection approaches in a standardized environment.
SwingWrapper
Authors: Attene Marco , Falcidieno Bianca , Spagnuolo Michela , Rossignac Jarek
Published: October 2003

We focus on the lossy compression of manifold triangle meshes. Our SwingWrapper approach partitions the surface of an original mesh
M
into simply connected regions, called
triangloids
. From these, we generate a new mesh
M
′
. Each triangle of
M
′
is an approximation of a triangloid of
M
. By construction, the connectivity of
M
′
is fairly regular and can be compressed to less than a bit per triangle using EdgeBreaker or one of the other recently developed schemes. The locations of the vertices of
M
′
are compactly encoded with our new prediction technique, which uses a single correction parameter per vertex. SwingWrapper strives to reach a user-defined output file size rather than to guarantee a given error bound. For a variety of popular models, a rate of 0.4 bits/triangle yields an
L
2
distortion of about 0.01% of the bounding box diagonal. The proposed solution may also be used to encode crude meshes for adaptive transmission or for controlling subdivision surfaces.
Unsolicited communications as trespass?
Authors: Samuelson Pamela
Published: October 2003

Attempting to stretch existing laws to address previously unforeseen technological issues.