bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of cytokines in the immunity development at helminthiasis
Authors: Гришина  , Grishina E.
Published: January 2017

Intensive development of the parasitic diseases immunology in the past decade allows making a definite conclusion about the features of the immune response formation in helminthiasis and its key problems, such as short duration, low-efficiency and the ability to cause the development of immunopathological processes.

Objective of research: The aim of this review was to identify most significant stages of helminthiasis immunogenesis wich can cause its low protective ability, and for which further comprehensive study of modern molecular biologists, geneticists, biochemists, immunologists and parasitologists should be held to clarify the immunopathology induction mechanisms and improve methods of prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.

Results and discussion. Studies have revealed that the main condition for relationship building in the system “parasite-host” is the presence of protection mechanisms in helminths against exposure to the host’s immune system and immunomodulation mechanisms up to the complete immunosuppression in host. Products of helminths vital activity, so-called secretory-excretory products (SEPs), as well as changed in the process of pathogenesis host proteins and cells become a powerful immune stimulus and activate mechanisms for general and local immunity. The following defense mechanism in helminthiasis is the most effective: participation of IgE antibodies class and IgG2 subclass which play a major role in the activation of cell adhesive activity; influence of cytotoxic T cells (T killer cells, CD8+ -cells); involvement of macrophages, activated with T-cells; work of induced effector cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, platelets, etc.), and the results of natural killer (NK) and regulating Treg- lymphocyte population (CD4 + CD25 + -cells) activity. It was shown that helminthiasis is accompanied by oxidative stress, which is characterized by decreased activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and an increase of lipid peroxidation products, which may cause primary DNA damage underlying in gene and chromosomal mutations that is shown in prior studies. Parasites metabolites have a cytotoxic effect on somatic, generative and immune cells of host, causing the increase of apoptotic cells among them. Theoretical significance of the data on identification problems of helminthiases immunology is undoubted. Its practical implementation offers the significant increase in the effectiveness of helminthiasis prevention and control.
Suplementasi Tempe Meningkatkan Status Besi dan Perkembangan Anak
Authors: Wulandari Sidharta Lidya Diah , Susanto JC
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Anemia defisiensi besi dapat menyebabkan dampak negatif pada kesehatan terutama anak-anak, baik menurunkandaya tahan tubuh maupun mengganggu konsentrasi belajar dan perkembangan anak.Tujuan. Mengetahui manfaat pemberian tempe yang diberikan bersamaan makan pada anak terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin,kadar serum iron, feritin, status antropometri, dan perkembangan pada anak.Metode. Penelitian one group pre and post test design dilakukan di daerah Bululor Semarang pada 30 anak usia 12 -18 bulan yangmemenuhi kriteria inklusi, diberikan tempe goreng 25 gram tiga kali sehari bersamaan makan selama 6 bulan. Sebelum dan setelahperlakuan dilakukan pengukuran antropometri berupa WAZ, HAZ, WHZ, dan pemeriksaan laboratorium kadar hemoglobin,serum iron, feritin, serta pemeriksaan perkembangan dengan tes Bayley berupa mental developmental index (MDI) dan psychomotordevelopmental index (PDI). Analisis statistik menggunakan Paired t test dan uji t tidak berpasangan bila sebaran data normal, Wilcoxontest dan Mann Whitney bila sebaran data tidak normal.Hasil. Terjadi kenaikan status antropometri (WAZ, HAZ, WHZ), status besi (serum besi, feritin) dan status perkembangan (MDI,PDI) yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05), walaupun didapatkan juga peningkatan kadar hemoglobin yang tidak bermakna secarastatistik (p=0,057) dengan rerata delta kenaikan hemoglobin sebesar 0,2±0,55 gr/dL.Kesimpulan. Pemberian tempe pada anak usia 12-18 bulan saat makan selama enam bulan dapat meningkatkan kenaikan kadarhemoglobin, serum besi, feritin, WAZ, HAZ, WHZ, dan MDI, PDI.
Faktor Prediktor Nefritis pada Anak dengan Purpura Henoch-Schonlein
Authors: Wardhana Ahmad Wisnu , Satria Cahya Dewi , Hapsara Sunartini
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Penyakit purpura Henoch-Schonlein (PHS) dapat menyebabkan komplikasi nefritis. Nefritis PHS dapat membaik sendiri atau berkembang menjadi penyakit ginjal kronik. Beberapa faktor prediktor telah diketahui berhubungan dengan kejadian nefritis PHS.Tujuan. Menentukan usia ≥10 tahun, purpura persisten, gejala abdomen berat dan relaps sebagai faktor prediktor nefritis pada PHS.Metode. Dilakukan studi kohort retrospektif. Sampel penelitian adalah anak berusia 1 tahun – 18 tahun dengan PHS yang dirawat di Instalasi Kesehatan Anak RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta periode Januari 2008-Agustus 2016 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sampel diambil secara konsekutif, kemudian diidentifikasi adanya faktor prediktor nefritis berdasarkan data rekam medis. Analisis bivariat untuk menghitung nilai p serta analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik.Hasil. Diikutsertakan 80 pasien yang yang diikuti selama 6 bulan. Didapatkan nefritis pada 31 pasien (38,75%). Analisis bivariat dan multivariat menunjukkan bahwa hanya gejala abdomen berat yang merupakan faktor prediktor nefritis dengan nilai p=0,027 dan p=0,021, dan RR 3,759 (IK95%: 1,222-11,562).Kesimpulan. Gejala abdomen berat merupakan faktor prediktor pada kejadian nefritis PHS dan meningkatkan risiko 3,75 kali terjadinya nefritis PHS. Usia ≥10 tahun, purpura persisten, dan relaps tidak terbukti berpengaruh pada kejadian nefritis PHS.
The failure of the U.S. education research establishment to identify effective practices: Beware effective practices policies
Authors: Pogrow Stanley
Published: January 2017

One of the major successes of advanced quantitative methods has been its seeming ability to provide unbiased determinations of which education practices are effective for education in general and for improving the educational achievement and opportunity of the neediest students.  The power of this methodology as applied in the top education research journals has led to periodic implementation of federal and state effective practices policies. In such policies the government or its proxy determines which programs are effective and then requires or encourages schools to spend its funds exclusively on those proven programs. For example, the federal Investing in Innovation (i3) initiative requires those applying for its largest dissemination grants to have had their intervention validated as effective by the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC). Some are now even advocating that all expenditures of federal funds by school districts be restricted to purchasing research validated programs. While this seems like rational policy, between 1998 and 2002 I produced a series of articles that showed that the most research validated program to develop the reading skills of students born into poverty was not actually effective in practice. Was this dichotomy between published research proving something to be effective and what was happening in the real world an anomaly or a more widespread problem? This article (a) analyzes the validity of the gold standard scientific methodology used by the top research journals and WWC to determine whether practices are effective, and (b) examines the history of effective practices policies and their actual effectiveness. I conclude that the increasingly sophisticated methods used to assess the effectiveness of practices (a) are flawed and exaggerate actual effectiveness, and (b) do not provide the type of information practitioners need. As a result, research on effective practices tends to mislead rather than inform practice and are a major reason why efforts to reform high-poverty schools have had limited success. I therefore conclude that effective practices policies should not be implemented. I then suggest ideas for reforming the scientific process used to assess the effectiveness of education interventions.
Variasi Penambahan Media Adsorpsi Kontak Aerasi Sistem Nampan Bersusun (Tray Aerator) Terhadap Kadar Besi (Fe) Air Tanah Dangkal di Kabupaten Rembang
Authors: Joko Tri , Rachmawati Savitri
Published: January 2017

Backgorund: People in the Jatihadi village are using dug wells water which contain high iron level. The average of iron level is 2.79 mg/l. Appropriate technology tray aerator with media contacts zeolite and activated carbon is the right solution to overcome the problems of high Fe content. This study aims to analyze the difference variation the addition of contact media adsorption on tray aerator for dug wells iron level in Jatihadi village, Sumber subdistrict, Rembang regency. Method: The design of this study is pre experiment research with one group pretest posttest design.  We used Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) method to measure the iron level. Water sample volume for each aeration is 20 liters and there are 16 repetitions. The media that we used in this research is zeolite and activated carbon. Results: The result showed the average levels of iron before treatment is 2.79 mg/l, and after the first treatment down to 0.21 mg/l, after second treatment is 0.25 mg/l. Statistical analysis showed that there is no difference between variation of contact media adsorption for dug wells  iron level, but Wilcoxon analysis showed that there is a significant difference between before and after treatment for adding zeolite or activated carbon. Conclusion: The efficiency of tray aerator with the addition of zeolite is higher than addition of activated carbon.
Hubungan kadar Pb dalam darah dengan prestasi belajar pada anak sekolah di SDN Grinting 01 Kecamatan Bulakamba Kabupaten Brebes
Authors: ROMLI M
Published: January 2017

Title : Association between Blood Lead Level and Learning Achievement on the Students at Grinting 01 Elementary School, Bulakamba District, Brebes RegencyBackground: Plumbum (Pb) is a highly poisonous heavy metal, especially for the children. Pb enters the human body through the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, and also skin. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between blood lead level and the learning achievement on the students in Grinting 01 Elementary School, Bulakamba District, Brebes Regency. Methods: This study was an observational research using cross sectional design.  The subjects were 51 students. The data were collected using interview and observational field. The exposure of blood lead level was measured by detecting Pb content in blood according to the result of laboratory test by ASS method (Atomic absorbance spectrometer), and the learning achievement was measured using MST (Middle Semester Test) score of the students. Univariate analysis and bivariate analysis (Chi-Square) were used to analyze the data. Results: The result of bivariate test indicated that there was no correlation between blood lead level and learning achievement with p >0.05. For in the ehole samples, the blood lead level were more than Normal standard of CDC (≥5 µg/dL) with the highest Pb in blood is 48.39 µg/dL and the lowest is 11.06 µg/dL. Conclusion: In conclusion, Pb concentration - in blood on the children does not influence the learning achievement directly.
Uncoupling between cerebral perfusion and oxygenation during incremental exercise in an athlete with postconcussion syndrome: a case report
Authors: Imhoff Sarah , Malenfant Simon , Nadreau Éric , Poirier Paul , Bailey Damian M. , Brassard Patrice
Published: January 2017

High‐intensity exercise may pose a risk to patients with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) when symptomatic during exertion. The case of a paralympic athlete with PCS who experienced a succession of convulsion‐awakening periods and reported a marked increase in postconcussion symptoms after undergoing a graded symptom‐limited aerobic exercise protocol is presented. Potential mechanisms of cerebrovascular function failure are then discussed.
Chemical Composition and UVA-Protecting Activity of Extracts from Ligustrum vulgare and Olea europaea Leaves
Authors: Czerwińska Monika E. , Duszak Katarzyna , Parzonko Andrzej , Kiss Anna K.
Published: January 2017

Plants belonging to the family Oleaceae have been traditionally used in treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders. One of the most well-known species is Olea europaea L. (olive), cultivated in the Mediterranean countries. Another species is Ligustrum vulgare L. (common privet), occurring particularly in Northern Europe and Asia.

The aim of the study was a comparison of the composition of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from leaves of O. europaea and L. vulgare (HPLC-DAD-MS), and determination of the total content of phenolics and flavonoids, as well as the content of the major compound, oleuropein. Secondly, we aimed to study the protective effect of extracts on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by human fibroblast cells (NHDF), cell viability (MTT assay), and apoptosis rate (Annexin V/propidium iodide staining) after UVA-irradiation.

The phytochemical analysis allowed us to identify compounds belonging to the groups of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and secoiridoids in the extracts. The compounds from the group of lignans (olivil) were identified as being unique to O. europaea extracts. Echinacoside, ligustroflavone and ligustaloside A were identified in L. vulgare extracts in contrast to olive preparations. It was established that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from leaves of both species, except the privet aqueous extract at a concentration of 5 μg/ml, did not show any significant inhibition of ROS production after UVA-irradiation in the model of NHDF cell line. The aqueous extracts of both species at concentrations of 5 and 25 μg/ml had a protective effect on the viability of UVA-treated cells in contrast to the ethanolic extract.

In conclusion, no significant difference in the activity of olive and privet leaf extracts has been observed, which suggests that both plant materials’ extracts, particularly aqueous ones, are effective herbal medicines and photoprotectors, which – to some extent – confirms the use of their preparations in skin disorders.
Framework for 2D-3D image fusion of infrared thermography with preoperative MRI
Authors: Hoffmann Nico , Weidner Florian , Urban Peter , Meyer Tobias , Schnabel Christian , Radev Yordan , Schackert Gabriele , Petersohn Uwe , Koch Edmund , Gumhold Stefan , Steiner Gerald , Kirsch Matthias
Published: January 2017

Multimodal medical image fusion combines information of one or more images in order to improve the diagnostic value. While previous applications mainly focus on merging images from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonic and single-photon emission computed tomography, we propose a novel approach for the registration and fusion of preoperative 3D MRI with intraoperative 2D infrared thermography. Image-guided neurosurgeries are based on neuronavigation systems, which further allow us track the position and orientation of arbitrary cameras. Hereby, we are able to relate the 2D coordinate system of the infrared camera with the 3D MRI coordinate system. The registered image data are now combined by calibration-based image fusion in order to map our intraoperative 2D thermographic images onto the respective brain surface recovered from preoperative MRI. In extensive accuracy measurements, we found that the proposed framework achieves a mean accuracy of 2.46 mm.
A Game Theory Based Model for Internet Public Opinion’s Embryonic Stage
Authors: Chen Chen , Liu Honglu , Guan Xiaolan
Published: January 2017

The development of internet public opinion presents a certain ecological characteristics. According to the different characteristics, this paper divides internet public opinion into five stages. This paper focuses on the first stage in internet public opinion, from the perspective of qualitative and quantitative analysis, to have a definition of embryonic stage, characteristics, as well as composition. Then this paper analyzes the causes of the formation mechanism in internet public opinion’s embryonic stage with the method of game theory. After that, the concepts of hot source factors are introduced to construct the conceptual model of embryonic stage in internet public opinion. Finally, aiming at different types of hot source factors (internet public opinion events), we put forward the effective means to guide and control the development of embryonic stage.
A Fast and Simple Adaptive Bionic Wavelet Transform: ECG Baseline Shift Correction
Authors: Wang Ludi , Zhou Xiaoguang , Xing Ying , Liang Siqi
Published: January 2017

An ECG baseline shift correction method is presented on the base of the adaptive bionic wavelet transform. After modifying the bionic wavelet transform according to the characteristics of the ECG signal, we propose a novel adaptive BWT algorithm. Using the contaminated and actual data in the MIT-BIH database, the method of fast and simple adaptive bionic wavelet transform can effectively correct the baseline shift under the premise of maintaining the geometric characteristics of the ECG signal. Evaluation of the proposed method shows that the average improvement SNR of FABWT is 2.187 dB more than the CWT-based best case result.
Cloud Computing and Extreme Learning Machine for a Distributed Energy Consumption Forecasting in Equipment-Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Wang Rui-Dong , Sun Xue-Shan , Yang Xin , Hu Haiju
Published: January 2017

Energy consumption forecasting is a kind of fundamental work of the energy management in equipment-manufacturing enterprises, and an important way to reduce energy consumption. Therefore, this paper proposes an intellectualized, short-term distributed energy consumption forecasting model for equipment-manufacturing enterprises based on cloud computing and extreme learning machine considering the practical enterprise situation of massive and high-dimension data. The analysis of the real energy consumption data provided by LB Enterprise was undertaken and corresponding calculating experiments were completed using a 32-node cloud computing cluster. The experimental results show that the energy consumption forecasting accuracy of the proposed model is higher than the traditional support vector regression and the generalized neural network algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed forecasting algorithm possesses excellent parallel performance, overcomes the shortcoming of a single computer’s insufficient computing power when facing massive and high-dimensional data without increasing the cost.
Structural Robustness of Unidirectional Dependent Networks Based on Attack Strategies
Authors: Ma Longbang , Guo Ping , Zhao Juan , Qi Lei
Published: January 2017

Current works have been focused on the robustness of single network and interdependent networks. However, to be more correct, the dependence of many real systems should be described as unidirectional. To study the structural robustness of networks with unidirectional dependence, the dependent networks named UDN are proposed, the description of the propagation of failures in them is given, as well as the introduction of the attack strategies that the probability of a node being attacked depends on the degree (DP attack) or on the betweenness (BP attack) of this node. The simulated results show that UDN is more vulnerable to BP attack when is first attacked a node with high betweenness. Compared with the Interacting Networks (IN), the UDN is more fragile under the two attack’s strategies.
An Internal Clustering Validation Index for Boolean Data
Authors: Fu Liwei , Wu Sen
Published: January 2017

Internal clustering validation is recognized as one of the vital issues essential to clustering applications, especially when external information is not available. Existing measures have their limitations in different application circumstances. There are still some deficiencies for Internal Validation of Boolean clustering. This paper proposes a new Clustering Validation index based on Type of Attributes for Boolean data (CVTAB). It evaluates the clustering quality in the light of Dissimilarity of two clusters for Boolean Data (DBD). The attributes in the Boolean Data are categorized into three types: Type A, Type O and Type E representing respectively the attribute values 1,0 and not the same for all the objects in the set. When two clusters are composed into one, DBD applies the numbers of attributes with the types changed and the numbers of objects changed to measure dissimilarity of two clusters. CVTAB evaluates the clustering quality without respect to external information
Enhanced photocatalysts based on Ag-TiO2 and Ag-N-TiO2 nanoparticles for multifunctional leather surface coating
Authors: Gaidau Carmen , Petica Aurora , Ignat Madalina , Iordache Ovidiu , Ditu Lia-Mara , Ionescu Marcel
Published: January 2017

The Ag deposition on TiO2 nanoparticles (Ag-TiO2 NPs) and N-TiO2 nanoparticles (Ag-N-TiO2 NPs) has been made by electrochemical methodology in view of improved antibacterial properties and enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The particle size in powder and in dispersion showed similar values and good stability in aqueous medium which made them suitable for use in leather surface covering for new multifunctional properties development. The diffuse reflectance spectra of Ag-TiO2 NPs, Ag-N-TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs have been investigated and correlated with their photocatalytic performances under UV and visible light against different silver concentrations. The leather surfaces treated with Ag-N-TiO2 NPs showed advanced self-cleaning properties under visible light exposure through the hydrophilic mechanism of organic soil decomposition. Moreover the bacterial sensitivity and proven fungitoxic properties of Ag-N-TiO2 NPs leads to the possibility of designing new multifunctional additives to extend the advanced applications for more durable and useable materials.
Site Management and Use of Social Media by Tourism Businesses: The Case of Quebec
Authors: Roult Romain , Gaudette Marilyne , Auger Denis , Adjizian Jean-Marc
Published: January 2017

Information and communications technology (ICT) has taken centre stage in recent decades in the world of tourism. Publicity and reservation strategies, in particular, are now developed through ICT. The rise of virtual, tourist communities has messed up ways to assess tourism products. This complete renewal of ways to interact with the customer requires tourism businesses to adapt to these new communication patterns. It is with regard to this issue that this study is based. A survey of 2 393 Quebec tourism enterprises made it was possible to identify websites and use patterns of these organizations and social media. The results show that most companies are aware of the importance of ICT for the development of their activities, but some financial, human, geographical and training aspects slow down the process.
Dissipative particle dynamics simulation on the self-assembly of linear ABC triblock copolymers under rigid spherical confinements
Authors: Liu Xiaoqiang , Zhou Chun , Xia Honggang , Zhou Yang , Jiang Weidong
Published: January 2017

Although a great deal of unique nanostructures were already obtained from polymer self-assemblies in terms of conventional parameters, the self-assembly under the confinement is still not well understood. Here, dissipative particle dynamics simulations were used to explore the self-assemble behaviors of linear ABC triblock copolymers under rigid spherical confinements. First several unusual morphologies, such as multilayer onion, coupled helix, and stacked lamella, were distinguished from the total 210 simulations. Second, the influences of three important parameters (block sequence, wall selectivity, and spherical radius) on the morphologies were discussed in detail. Finally, the dynamics evolution of several typical aggregates was examined. This simulation enriches micelle morphologies for the self-assembly of linear ABC triblock copolymers under rigid spherical confinements and is helpful to understand the formation of valuable nanostructures from linear ABC terpolymers.
Comparison of antioxidant activities of fractionated extracts from seedlings and herb ofChelidonium majusL. using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods
Authors: Ożarowski Marcin , Kujawski Radosław , Mikołajczak Przemysław , Gryszczyńska Agnieszka , Pietrowiak Aurelia , Białas Wojciech , Baraniak Justyna , Górska-Paukszta Małgorzata , Buchwald Waldemar , Kędzia Bogdan , Krajewska-Patan Anna , Seremak-Mrozikiewicz Agnieszka
Published: January 2017

Introduction:Our study is a part of a trend of studies on the antioxidative properties ofChelidonium majusextracts or their fractions suggesting that antioxidant activities may depend on total flavonoid and/or alkaloid contents.

Objective:This study focused on the examination of antioxidative activities of full water extract, non-protein fraction and protein fraction of the extract from aerial parts of mature plants and young seedlings.

Methods:Total flavonoid and alkaloid contents were evaluated by spectrometric methods. Quantitative determination of chelidonine, coptisine, sanquinarine, berberine was made by HPLC-UV. The antioxidative activities were evaluated using(1)2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),(2)2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and(3)ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods.

Results:All concentrations of herb extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than extract from seedlings. Two antioxidant tests (DPPH, FRAP) showed that full water extract from herb had the highest antioxidant activity, while its non-protein fraction and protein fraction showed lower antioxidant activity. It was found that the full water extract from herb contained the highest concentrations of flavonoids and alkaloids when compared with other samples.

Conclusion:Our findings suggest that chelidonine and coptisine especially could be responsible for the observed changes in the extract antioxidant activity, because these alkaloids were determined in the highest concentration in full water extract from herb. It cannot be also excluded that the observed variables values between extracts and their fractions from herb or from seedlings may also be the result of interactions between flavonoids and other chemical compounds.
Thermal diffusivity measurement of Phyllostachys edulis (Moso bamboo) by the flash method
Authors: Huang Puxi , Pickering Simon G. , Chang Wen-shao , Ansell Martin P. , Chew John Y.M. , Shea Andy
Published: January 2017

Thermal diffusivity (ThD) of Phyllostachys edulis (Moso bamboo) has been determined in three directions of the cylindrical coordinate system of the culm. A flash tube and an infrared camera system was utilised for this purpose. The results, calculated by the MATLAB programme, serve as a database for numerical simulation studies concerning the heat and moisture transfer behaviour of Moso bamboo. The porosity and complexity of cellular structure and interconnectivity are the essential parametres influencing the ThD of Moso bamboo.
Textural and Optical Properties of Ce-Doped YAG/Al2O3 Melt Growth Composite Grown by Micro-Pulling-Down Method
Authors: Simura Rayko , Taniuchi Tetsuo , Sugiyama Kazumasa , Fukuda Tsuguo
Published: January 2017

Ce-doped YAG/Al2O3 melt-growth composite (MGC) samples were grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method, and their physical and chemical properties were investigated. The grown MGC samples exhibit fine-grained granophyric texture at the micron scale. Fluorescence spectra, excited by a blue laser diode, were recorded, and, in particular, the finely textured granophyric MGC sample doped with 0.1 at% Ce and prepared with a growth rate of 3 mm/min shows superior fluorescence properties without high-temperature deterioration of fluorescence intensity. The μ-PD method is demonstrated to be applicable for manufacturing finely textured MGC samples with improved luminous efficiency as phosphors for white LEDs.
Photodegradation of Surfactants XVII Photo-oxidation Processes in Amphoteric Surfactants Catalyzed by Irradiated TiO2 Suspensions
Authors: Hidaka Hisao , Nohara Kayo , Zhao Jincai , Pelizzetti Ezio , Serpone Nick , Guillard Chantal , Pichat Pierre
Published: January 2017

Differences in photocatalytic degradations arising from oxidative cleavage of a peptide bond and a quaternary nitrogen moiety in a TiO
Decomposition of Toluene, o-Xylene, Trichloroethylene, and Their Mixture Using a BaTiO3 Packed-Bed Plasma Reactor
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiaki , Chang Jen-Shih , Berezin Alex A , Kohno Hitoshi , Honda Shigeo , Shibuya Akira
Published: January 2017

Nonthermal plasma technologies offer an innovative approach to the problem of decomposing various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We focused on an AC-energized ferroelectric packed-bed plasma reactor to study the decomposition/destruction efficiency and byproduct analysis for toluene, o-xylene, trichloroethylene, and their mixture from 50 to 230 ppm in dry air. The effects of gas flow rate, concentration, moisture content, and reactor operating conditions on the decomposition and analysis of reactant conversion for each VOC were investigated for suitable applications of the emerging technology. Laboratory-scale packed-bed plasma technology was successfully demonstrated for the application of VOC control in semiconductor clean room environments.
Abiotic Oxidative Degradation of Atrazine on Zero-Valent Iron Activated by Visible Light
Authors: Pulgarin Cesar O. , Schwitzguebel Jean-P. , Peringer Paul A. , Pajonk Gérard M. , Bandara Jayasundera S. , Kiwi John T.
Published: January 2017

The photocatalytic degradation of atrazine herbicide has been investigated using nanosized iron under simulated solar irradiation. Atrazine, as such, is degraded at acidic pH values within a 2 hr period as detected by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total elimination of Cl
Sunlight Induced Decoloration/Degradation of Non-Biodegradable Orange II Dye by Advanced Oxidation Technologies in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Media
Authors: Morrison C. , Bandara J. , Kiwi J.
Published: January 2017

Light and dark oxidation processes of organic compounds involving H
Processing of C3H7OH, C2HCl3 and CCl4 in Flue Gases Using Silent Discharge Plasmas (SDPs), Enhanced by (V)UV at 172 nm and 253.7 nm
Authors: Falkenstein Zoran
Published: January 2017

Experimental results on (V)UV enhanced, barrier discharge processing of 2-propanol (C
Formation and Measurement of Ozone and Nitric Acid in a High Voltage DC Negative Metallic Point-to-Aqueous-Plane Continuous Corona Reactor
Authors: Sharma A. K. , Camaioni D. M. , Josephson G. B. , Goheen S. C. , Mong G. M.
Published: January 2017

Ozone and nitric acid were formed when high voltage was applied across a metal (stainless steel) point and liquid (water) plane at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Ozone was observed in the gas-phase and nitric acid in the liquid-phase. The gas-phase concentration of ozone reached a power-dependent steady-state whereas the nitric acid concentration in solution increased linearly with time. The rate of formation of ozone increased with increasing current. Aqueous solutions of potassium iodide were exposed to corona discharge to determine the amount of gas-phase ozone available to oxidize liquid-phase solutes. The result of the test with KI suggests that ozone is the major oxidant in the solution phase. An optimum point-to-plane distance of 1.5 cm was observed for both ozone production and solution phase oxidation. Corona discharge effectively destroyed both non-volatile organic compounds such as methylene blue and volatile compounds such as carbon tetrachloride in aqueous solutions.
Comparison of Pulsed Corona and Electron Beam Processing of Hazardous Air Pollutants
Authors: Penetrante B. M. , Hsiao M. C. , Merritt B. T. , Vogtlin G. E.
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a comparative assessment of the energy efficiencies of pulsed corona and electron beam methods for processing of dilute concentrations of hazardous air pollutants in atmospheric-pressure dry air streams. The four representative compounds investigated are ethylene, o-xylene, toluene and benzene. It is shown that the electron beam method requires much less electrical energy than the pulsed corona method to achieve the same level of pollutant decomposition. The results imply that the initial decomposition of these pollutant molecules is achieved more efficiently through reactions with either electrons or ions, rather than through oxidation by O radicals.
Decomposition of Carbon Tetrachloride by a Packed Bed Plasma Reactor
Authors: Prieto G. , Prieto O. , Gay C. R. , Mizuno K. , Tamori I. , Yamamoto T.
Published: January 2017

In search of a technology capable of controlling atmospheric pollutants, like volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in low concentrations, this paper is concerned with the empirical modeling of a ferroelectric plasma packed-bed reactor at ambient temperature and pressure. The empirical model gives information about the decomposition efficiency of the process as a function of the reactor operating variables. The volatile organic compound selected is Carbon Tetrachloride balanced with air in the concentration-range of 150 to 600 ppm and flow-range of 175 to 325 ml/min. Regarding the decomposition efficiency as the objective function, this modeling provides valuable information about the optimal operating conditions.
Treatment of VX Hydrolysate with Ultraviolet Light and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: MacNaughton Michael G. , Scott James R.
Published: January 2017

An engineering study was performed to evaluate the use of ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide to destroy caustic-neutralized VX nerve agent in the U.S. chemical agent stockpile as an alternative to incineration. Whereas caustic neutralization completely destroys VX, (3-ethyl-S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothiolate, the reaction leaves a complex two-phase mixture containing organic phosphates and organosulfur compounds which require treatment prior to ultimate disposal. Studies performed in laboratory-scale (320-mL), bench-scale (10-L) and pilot-scale (20-L) reactors demonstrated that the principal products of the caustic neutralization-ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA), methylphosphonic acid (MPA), 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl sulfide (RSR), disulfide (RSSR) and the other mixed sulfides-could be oxidized to inorganic sulfate, phosphate, ammonia and carbon dioxide. The reaction was zero order above 1000 mg/L and pseudo first order below. To mineralize 10,000 lb of VX per day to less than 10 mg/L organic carbon would require more than 1100 lamps of 30 kW each.
Application of Advanced Oxidation Process Technologies to Extremely High TOC Containing Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Sigman Michael E. , Buchanan A. C. , Smith Stacy M.
Published: January 2017

Advanced oxidation processes (UWH
Kinetic Modeling for Process Optimization During the Free-Radical Treatment of Nitro Compounds in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Peyton Gary R. , Bell Oliver J. , LeFaivre Mary H.
Published: January 2017

The Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are powerful water treatment processes that utilize free radicals to destroy contaminants. The chemistry of these processes is sufficiently complicated that the correct route to process optimization is not always obvious. Examples of simple and complex applications of a competitionkinetic modeling method to the treatment of nitro compounds in water are described. The method used can provide a great deal of information that is useful in AOP optimization, while requiring a minimum amount of site data, making it an ideal tool for treatability assessments and rapid initial process optimization.
Formation and Degradation of Halogenated Organic Acids. Radiation versus Photocatalytically Induced Processes
Authors: Makogon Oksana , Fliount Roman , Asmus Klaus-Dieter
Published: January 2017

Radiation chemistry and photocatalysis are introduced as complementary methods for the study of the radical- and redox-induced degradation of organic substrates. Particular focus is devoted on the reductive and oxidative formation and destruction of halogenated organic acids, as intermediates in the degradation of halo- genated hydrocarbons, in dilute aqueous solutions. The specific aim of this comparative essay is to point out the fundamental similarities between a radiation chemical and photocatalytical approach but, at the same time, to demonstrate that and why significant differences may, nevertheless, be observed. The examples presented and discussed are concerned with (i) the oxidatively and reductively induced degradation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane to organic acids, (ii) corresponding experiments on the degradation of trifluoro-, trichloro- and tribromoacetic acid, (iii) peculiarities of the degradation processes in the absence of oxygen, and (iv) the importance of the cross­termination reaction between halogenated peroxyl radicals and superoxide, O
The Elimination of Methane Phosphonic Acid, Dimethyl Ester (DMMP) from Aqueous Solution Using 60Co-y and Electron Beam Induced Radiolysis: A Model Compound for Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Ε-Beam Process in the Destruction of Organophosphorus Chemical Warfare Agents
Authors: Nickelsen Michael G. , Cooper William J. , O’Shea Kevin E. , Aguilar Martha , Kalen David V. , Kurucz Charles N. , Waite Thomas D.
Published: January 2017

The stockpile of chemical warfare agents in the US is estimated at greater than 25,000 metric tons. The disposal of these chemicals poses both potential environmental impact and health risks. This issue is highly controversial because incineration has been adopted by the armed forces as the destruction method. Destruction of the stockpile by irradiation of a wkter solution is a viable alternative to incineration. Bench-scale (
Gamma-Ray-Induced Destruction of Nitrilotriacetic Acid in a Simulated, Mixed Nuclear Waste: Radiolytic and Chemical Forces
Authors: Toste Anthony P.
Published: January 2017

This study explores the efficacy of γ-radiation for destroying nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) in a simulated mixed waste, formulated to mimic a complex concentrate waste stored at the U. S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. NTA was added to an inorganic waste matrix, which contained no radionuclides. The simulant then received a γ-dose of 7.5 × 1O
Decomposition of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air by Electron Beam and Gamma Ray Irradiation
Authors: Hakoda Teruyuki , Yang Mingde , Hirota Koichi , Hashimoto Shoji
Published: January 2017

Radiation decomposition and aerosol formation of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were examined to get information on a treatment of industrial off-gas. Model gases, air containing aromatic VOCs, chloroethenes and 1,2-dichloroethane, were sealed in batch reactors and irradiated with electron beam (EB) and gamma ray. For aromatic VOCs, G-values of decomposition in gamma ray irradiation were about 1.5 times larger than those in EB irradiation. The ratios of aerosol formation to decomposed aromatic VOCs were ranged from 30 to 66% on the basis of carbon. For chloroethenes except monochloroethylene, G-values of decomposition were 6 to 45 times larger than those of aromatic VOCs and the irradiated product was mainly gaseous compound. The G-values of decomposition in EB irradiation increased markedly with increase of chlorine atom in a molecule, while those in gamma ray irradiation were almost kept constant.
Electron Beam Degradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Air-stripped from Polluted Ground Water: a Laboratory and Field Study
Authors: Prager Lutz , Mehnert Reiner , Sobottka Axel , Langguth Helmut , Baumann Werner , Matzing Hartmut , Paur Hanns-Rudolf , Schubert Jürgen , Rashid Rehana , Taba Kalulu M. , Schuchmann Heinz-Peter , Sonntag Clemens von
Published: January 2017

Pilot-plant studies with strip-gas from a ground water remediation site at Dusseldorf, Germany (gas throughput 1000 m
Activity, and Hardness of Supported TiO2 Films on Pyrex and Soda-Lime Glass in Photocatalytic Degradation of Formic Acid for 50 Days
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Iyoda Tomokazu , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Fujishima Akira
Published: January 2017

Photocatalytic degradation of formic acid (HCOOH) in solution was monitored using titanium dioxide (TiO
UV Radiation Distribution in A Flat-Plate Photocatalytic Reactor with Suspended Particles of Titanium Dioxide. Mathematical Model and Experimental Verification
Authors: Brandi Rodolfo J. , Alfano Orlando M. , Cassano Alberto E.
Published: January 2017

A two-dimensional - two-directional mathematical model of the radiation field inside a flat-plate, photocatalytic reactor has been developed. The slurry-type reactor is irradiated by two tubular UV lamps with the aid of two parabolic reflectors. Resorting to information about the reactor dimensions, the lamp and reflector characteristics, and the catalyst optical properties and concentration, the solution of the mathematical model provides a detailed description of the rate of absorbed radiation energy at each point inside the reactor. The radiation distribution inside the reactor was verified by computing the radiation flux coming out of the reactor at the opposite face of the radiation entrance. These radiation fluxes were compared with experimental measurements made with a UV radiometer and good agreement was obtained; the maximum observed error was 12%. When the catalyst concentration was increased, a significant decrease of the radiation flux leaving the reactor was also observed.
Bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers’ status in children with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Poyrazoğlu Hatice Gamze , Baş Veysel Nijat , Arslan Alev , Bastug Funda , Canpolat Mehmet , Per Hüseyin , Gümüs Hakan , Kumandas Sefer
Published: January 2017

Background:

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multisystem disorder characterized by progressive manifestations, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The majority of patients with NF1 experience a diffuse, significant reduction in bone mass over time, with osteoporosis, osteopenia in the absence of severe scoliosis, or gross bone deformities. This study aimed to determine the bone mineral density (BMD) status, evaluate bone metabolism, and to determine the relevant factors in children with NF1.

Methods:

The study population included 33 pediatric NF1 patients (20 males and 13 females). Bone metabolic markers, such as total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and 25-OH vitamin D, the urinary calcium/creatine ratio were measured. In addition, BMD was measured at both the lumbar spine (LS) and the femoral neck in all the patients.

Results:

All the patients had a low 25-OH vitamin D level, but it was significantly lower in the females than in the males (p<0.009). Overall, 18.2% of the patients had skeletal abnormalities. The lumbar Z-score was ≤2 in 21.2% of the patients, whereas the femoral neck Z-score was ≤2 in 9.1%. The urinary calcium/creatine ratio was significantly higher in the female than in the male patients (p<0.027). In all, six patients had skeletal abnormalities.

Conclusions:

It is widely known that bone mineral metabolism markers and BMD are significantly affected in NF1 patients; however, the present study did not identify any effective parameters that could be used to predict skeletal abnormalities, or diagnose early osteoporosis and osteopenia in pediatric NF1 patients.
Introduction of Energy and Climate Mitigation Policy Issues in Energy - Environment Model of Latvia
Authors: Klavs G. , Rekis J.
Published: January 2017

The present research is aimed at contributing to the Latvian national climate policy development by projecting total GHG emissions up to 2030, by evaluating the GHG emission reduction path in the non-ETS sector at different targets set for emissions reduction and by evaluating the obtained results within the context of the obligations defined by the EU 2030 policy framework for climate and energy. The method used in the research was bottom-up, linear programming optimisation model MARKAL code adapted as the MARKAL-Latvia model with improvements for perfecting the integrated assessment of climate policy. The modelling results in the baseline scenario, reflecting national economic development forecasts and comprising the existing GHG emissions reduction policies and measures, show that in 2030 emissions will increase by 19.1 % compared to 2005. GHG emissions stabilisation and reduction in 2030, compared to 2005, were researched in respective alternative scenarios. Detailed modelling and analysis of the Latvian situation according to the scenario of non-ETS sector GHG emissions stabilisation and reduction in 2030 compared to 2005 have revealed that to implement a cost effective strategy of GHG emissions reduction first of all a policy should be developed that ensures effective absorption of the available energy efficiency potential in all consumer sectors. The next group of emissions reduction measures includes all non-ETS sectors (industry, services, agriculture, transport, and waste management).
Electricity Market Liberalisation and Flexibility of Conventional Generation to Balance Intermittent Renewable Energy – Is It Possible to Stay Competitive?
Authors: Linkevics O. , Ivanova P. , Balodis M.
Published: January 2017

Intermittent generation (solar PV and wind energy) integration in power production portfolio as well as electricity price fluctuations have changed the running manner of conventional combined heat and power (CHP) plants: the shift from base load operation to running in cyclic modes. These cogeneration power plants are not adapted to new running conditions. The level of CHP plant flexibility should be improved to operate profitably and efficiently from both technical and fuel usage point of view. There are different ways to increase the flexibility of power plants. Before any improvements, the situation at power plants should be evaluated and the weakest points defined. In this publication, such measures are presented on Riga CHP-2 plant example: installation of heat storage tank; extension of operation rang; acceleration of start-ups.
Does Zipf’s lawhold for Polish cities?
Authors: Cieślik Andrzej , Teresiński Jan
Published: January 2017

In this paper we study Zipf’s law, which postulates that the product of a city’s population and its rank (the number of cities with a larger or equal population) is constant for every city in a given region. We show that the empirical literature indicates that the law may not always hold, although its general form, the rank-size rule, could be a good first approximation of city size distribution. We perform our own empirical analysis of the distribution of the population of Polish cities on the largest possible sample to find that Zipf’s law is rejected for Poland as the city sizes are less evenly distributed than it predicts.
On state pseudo-hoops
Authors: Ciungu Lavinia Corina
Published: January 2017

Recently, the bounded pseudo-hoops with internal states have been defined and studied. Some of results are based on the hypothesis that a bounded pseudo-hoop has the Glivenko and (mN) properties. In this paper we show that this hypothesis is superfluous, namely every good pseudo-hoop satisfies the Glivenko and (mN) properties and those results are reformulated without that hypothesis. The pointed pseudo-hoops are introduced and studied and the notion of state operator has been generalized for the case of unbounded pseudo-hoops. We define the Bosbach and Riečan states on pointed pseudo-hoops and we make some considerations regarding the relationship between the state operators and states on these structures.
Flag-transitive point-primitive (v, k, λ)-symmetric designs with λ at most 100 and alternating socle
Authors: Zhu Yan , Tian Delu , Zhou Shenglin
Published: January 2017

Let 𝒟 be a nontrivial (
Type decomposition in posets
Authors: Bice Tristan
Published: January 2017

Motivated by the classical type decomposition of von Neumann algebras, and various more recent extensions to other structures, we develop a type decomposition theory for general posets.