bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ipsilateral and contralateral hemidiaphragm dynamics in symptomatic pleural effusion: The 2nd PLeural Effusion And Symptom Evaluation (PLEASE‐2) Study
Authors: Fitzgerald Deirdre B. , Muruganandan Sanjeevan , Peddle‐McIntyre Carolyn J. , Lee Y. C. Gary , Singh Bhajan
Published: June 2022

Background and objective

The pathophysiology of breathlessness in pleural effusion is unclear. In the PLEASE‐1 study, abnormal ipsilateral hemidiaphragm shape and movement, assessed qualitatively, were independently associated with breathlessness relief after pleural drainage. Effects of pleural effusion on contralateral hemidiaphragm function are unknown. PLEASE‐2, a prospective exploratory pilot study, assessed the effects of unilateral effusion and drainage on both hemidiaphragms using advanced quantitative bedside ultrasonography.

Methods

Individuals with symptomatic unilateral pleural effusion undergoing therapeutic drainage were included. Measurements pre‐ and post‐drainage included severity of breathlessness (visual analogue scale) and ultrasound measurements of diaphragm excursion and thickness, in addition to shape and movement. Diaphragm measurements were compared to published reference values.

Results

Twenty participants were recruited (mean age 68.9 [SD 12.8] years, 12 females). During tidal breathing, contralateral hemidiaphragm excursion exceeded ipsilateral excursion and reference values (all p ≤ 0.001). Contralateral excursion was greatest in participants with abnormal ipsilateral hemidiaphragm movement and was inversely correlated with ipsilateral tidal excursion (r = −0.676, p = 0.001). Following drainage (mean volume 2121 [SD = 1206] ml), abnormal shape (n = 12) and paradoxical movement (n = 9) of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm resolved in all participants, and tidal excursion of the contralateral hemidiaphragm normalized. Relief of breathlessness post‐drainage correlated with improvement in ipsilateral hemidiaphragm excursion (r = 0.556, p = 0.031).

Conclusion

This pilot study suggests, for the first time, that unilateral pleural effusion not only impairs ipsilateral hemidiaphragm function but also causes compensatory hyperactivity of the contralateral hemidiaphragm, which resolves post‐drainage. These findings provide a basis for detailed studies of diaphragmatic function and ventilatory drive in patients with symptomatic pleural effusion.
The feasibility and acceptability of using smartphones to assess suicide risk among Spanish‐speaking adult outpatients
Authors: Silva Caroline , Cero Ian , Ricci Nilsa , Pérez Alessandra , Conwell Yeates , Van Orden Kimberly
Published: June 2022

Objective

Hispanic/Latino adults, particularly Spanish speakers, are underserved in mental healthcare, and little is known about the day‐to‐day variation in their suicide risk. Smartphones have the potential to overcome geographical and linguistic barriers to mental health assessment and intervention. The purpose of the current study was to examine (a) the feasibility/acceptability of smartphone‐based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess suicide ideation and suicide risk factors among high‐risk Spanish‐speaking adults and (b) the degree of within‐person variation of suicide ideation and suicide risk in this population.

Method

Sixteen primary Spanish‐speaking psychiatry outpatients completed EMA measures of suicide ideation and suicide risk factors four times a day for 14 days.

Results

A majority of participants consented to active and passive remote assessments and reported the acceptability of study procedures. Adherence to EMA was high and not associated with symptom severity. EMA instances completed were not associated with symptom severity at follow‐up. Average point‐to‐point variability in suicide ideation and risk factors were moderate to high, respectively. EMA captured more dramatic changes than standard baseline and follow‐up assessments.

Conclusions

Results provide preliminary support for the feasibility and acceptability of using smartphones to assess suicide risk in a real‐time and real‐world setting among high‐risk Spanish‐speaking adults.
Fight‐or‐Flight for America: The Affective Conditioning of Christian Nationalist Ideological Views During the Transition to Adulthood1,2
Authors: Rotolo Michael
Published: June 2022

Christian nationalism has gained attention both inside and outside of academia for its powerful influence on sociopolitical attitudes, voting behaviors, and political mobilization. However, limited work has examined how Christian nationalist views develop, the mechanisms by which they relate to sociopolitical attitudes, or potential varieties of Christian nationalism. Building on recent culture and cognition scholarship, this article synthesizes insights from affective neuroscience to conceptualize the fundamental role of emotions in shaping ideological views and cultural attitudes—an enculturation process termed “affective conditioning.” The author then examines the development of Christian nationalist ideological views during the transition to adulthood using longitudinal interviews, field notes, and surveys with 41 Christian nationalists from the 10‐year National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR). The author identifies distinct traumatic upbringing experiences among respondents, which condition heightened RAGE and FEAR affective systems. This gives Christian nationalists an enduring sense that their way of life is “under attack” and motivates reactionary sociopolitical attitudes. The author also distinguishes two dominant affective types of Christian nationalism, dubbed “Fight for America” and “Flight for America.” These findings illuminate how both past and present social conditions interact with emotional neuroarchitecture to influence ideological views and cultural attitudes.
Adquisición de metáforas y modismos en la infancia: implicaciones educativas
Authors: Marulanda-Páez Elena
Published: June 2022

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una revisión sistemática en el ámbito de la ontogénesis del lenguaje, para caracterizar cómo se adquieren las metáforas y los modismos durante los primeros años de vida. Para ello, se seleccionó el periodo de los 3 a los 11 años de edad, tiempo en el cual se adquiere, progresivamente, una comprensión suficiente de diversas expresiones figuradas. Los hallazgos indican que, mientras que las metáforas son mayormente dependientes de la capacidad de denominación alternativa y el razonamiento analógico, los modismos exigen habilidades de teoría de la mente.
Enseñar y aprender las migraciones forzosas en Ciencias Sociales
Authors: García-Morís Roberto , Oller Montserrat
Published: June 2022

Esta investigación analiza las representaciones sociales del alumnado de secundaria sobre las migraciones forzosas. El estudio se llevó a cabo a través de un cuestionario, con dos grupos de estudiantes que seguían una materia con metodología tradicional y enfoque positivista. Se exploraron sus representaciones sociales sobre la migración forzosa como un problema social relevante y sus opiniones respecto a incorporar estas temáticas como estructurantes de la materia de Ciencias Sociales. Los resultados muestran un alumnado favorable a incorporar dichas temáticas, que consideran útiles, a la vez que se detectan representaciones sociales positivas hacia las personas migrantes.
A Note on the Robustness of the Disturbance Observer-Based Robust Control Systems
Authors: Sariyildiz Emre
Published: June 2022

This brief shows that the design constraints on the plant-model mismatch and the bandwidth of the disturbance observer (DOb) become more severe when the robust controller is implemented using computers. This brief also shows that continuous-time analysis methods fall-short in explaining the fundamental design constraints of the DOb-based robust digital control systems, therefore leading to unexpected stability and performance problems in practice.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Vortex Generators and Winglets in Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade Design
Authors: Hasan Alaa S. , Abousabae Mohammed , Al Hamad Saif , Amano Ryoichi S.
Published: June 2022

Most of the available research on horizontal-axis wind turbines focuses on either lab-scale (15–60 cm rotor diameter) or commercial large-scale (80–130 m rotor diameter). The current work fills this gap because residential-scale turbines will be one of the key technologies during the next ten years. The current administration promotes dependence on renewables to cut carbon footprint. Therefore, the present work runs wind tunnel experimentation and performs 48 numerical simulations to evaluate the performance of a residential-scale wind turbine with a blade generated from GOE 447 airfoil at three wind speeds (7.5, 12.5, and 17.5 m/s). Three different vortex generator designs were tested when added on the suction side of a 7-m blade. Two of those designs produced more power than a baseline rotor does (7.2% and 10.9% more power than the baseline rotor were achieved at 12.5 m/s wind speed). Furthermore, three winglet designs were added to the baseline design to investigate their influence on power production. The 90 deg, 60 deg, and 30 deg cant angles produce 5.0%,7.9%, and 6.9% more power than the baseline design.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Tubercles and Winglets Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade Design
Authors: Hasan Alaa S. , Abousabae Mohammed , Al Hamad Saif , Amano Ryoichi S.
Published: June 2022

This article presents wind tunnel experimentation and uses simulations to evaluate the performance of a 14 m-rotor diameter residential-scale wind turbine at different wind speeds. The blades of the rotor baseline design are built using GOE 447 airfoil. Five different tubercle designs were applied to the blade’s leading edge. One of those designs produces more power than a baseline rotor, with an optimum power improvement of 5.5% achieved at 12.5 m/s wind speed. Furthermore, three winglet designs were added to the tip of the baseline design to investigate their influence on power production. The 90 deg, 60 deg, and 30 deg cant angles produce 5.0%, 7.9%, and 6.9% more power than the baseline design, respectively, at 12.5 m/s. Moreover, it is vital to investigate the effect of integrating leading-edge tubercles with winglets and then evaluate the influence of the combination on the aerodynamic performance and power output of the turbine model. It is found that when combining both techniques on the same blade, the improvement mechanism associated with each of them interferes with the other, leading to poor overall performance and less power in the majority of the run simulations.
The backbone of present-day water mite research in The Netherlands: A delayed congratulation to the 70th birthday of Harry Smit
Authors: Gerecke Reinhard , Pešić Vladimir
Published: June 2022

N/A
Professor Emeritus James W. Amrine Jr.: advancing the study of Varroa destructor and eriophyoid mites for over 30 years
Authors: V. Sarratt Jacqueline , Zhao Shifu , Ochoa Ronald
Published: June 2022

As the world’s foremost taxonomist of eriophyoid mites (Eriophyoidea, Acariformes) (Xue et al. 2017), Dr. James (Jim) Wesley Amrine Jr.’s name is nearly synonymous with the group. His experiments with Phyllocoptes fructiphilus (Eriophyidae) as well as Varroa destructor (Varroidae, Mesostigmata, Parasitiformes) (Zhang et al. 2011) demonstrate Jim’s commitment to developing practical applications of Acari research. In recognition of these and other acarological impacts, we nominate Dr. Amrine for the James A. McMurtry Award. Here we review highlights of his remarkable career, and celebrate his scientific as well as personal contributions.
Chromatographic separation of active polymer–like worm mixtures by contour length and activity
Authors: Heeremans Tess , Deblais Antoine , Bonn Daniel , Woutersen Sander
Published: June 2022

The convective transport rate of polymers through confined geometries depends on their size, allowing for size-based separation of polymer mixtures (chromatography). Here, we investigate whether mixtures of active polymers can be separated in a similar manner based on their activity. We use thin, living
Tubifex tubifex
worms as a model system for active polymers and study the transport of these worms by an imposed flow through a channel filled with a hexagonal pillar array. The transport rate through the channel depends strongly on the degree of activity, an effect that we assign to the different distribution of conformations sampled by the worms depending on their activity. Our results demonstrate a unique way to sort mixtures of active polymers based on their activity and provide a versatile and convenient experimental system to investigate the hydrodynamics of active polymers.
Mode selection mechanism in traveling and standing waves revealed by Min wave reconstituted in artificial cells
Authors: Takada Sakura , Yoshinaga Natsuhiko , Doi Nobuhide , Fujiwara Kei
Published: June 2022

Reaction-diffusion coupling (RDc) generates spatiotemporal patterns, including two dynamic wave modes: traveling and standing waves. Although mode selection plays a substantial role in the spatiotemporal organization of living cell molecules, the mechanism for selecting each wave mode remains elusive. Here, we investigated a wave mode selection mechanism using Min waves reconstituted in artificial cells, emerged by the RDc of MinD and MinE. Our experiments and theoretical analysis revealed that the balance of membrane binding and dissociation from the membrane of MinD determines the mode selection of the Min wave. We successfully demonstrated that the transition of the wave modes can be regulated by controlling this balance and found hysteresis characteristics in the wave mode transition. These findings highlight a previously unidentified role of the balance between activators and inhibitors as a determinant of the mode selection of waves by RDc and depict an unexplored mechanism in intracellular spatiotemporal pattern formations.
Universal Josephson diode effect
Authors: Davydova Margarita , Prembabu Saranesh , Fu Liang
Published: June 2022

We propose a universal mechanism for the Josephson diode effect in short Josephson junctions. The proposed mechanism is due to finite Cooper pair momentum and is a manifestation of simultaneous breaking of inversion and time-reversal symmetries. The diode efficiency is up to 40%, which corresponds to an asymmetry between the critical currents in opposite directions
I
c+
/
I
c−
≈ 230%. We show that this arises from both the Doppler shift of the Andreev bound state energies and the phase-independent asymmetric current from the continuum. Last, we propose a simple scheme for achieving finite-momentum pairing, which does not rely on spin-orbit coupling and thus greatly expands existing platforms for the observation of supercurrent diode effects.
Hydrodynamic synchronization and clustering in ratcheting colloidal matter
Authors: Leyva Sergi G. , Stoop Ralph L. , Pagonabarraga Ignacio , Tierno Pietro
Published: June 2022

Ratchet transport systems are widespread in physics and biology; however, the effect of the dispersing medium in the collective dynamics of these out-of-equilibrium systems has been often overlooked. We show that, in a traveling wave magnetic ratchet, long-range hydrodynamic interactions (HIs) produce a series of remarkable phenomena on the transport and assembly of interacting Brownian particles. We demonstrate that HIs induce the resynchronization with the traveling wave that emerges as a “speed-up” effect, characterized by a net raise of the translational speed, which doubles that of single particles. When competing with dipolar forces and the underlying substrate symmetry, HIs promote the formation of clusters that grow perpendicular to the driving direction. We support our findings both with Langevin dynamics and with a theoretical model that accounts for the fluid-mediated interactions. Our work illustrates the role of the dispersing medium on the dynamics of driven colloidal matter and unveils the growing process and cluster morphologies above a periodic substrate.
Crizotinib Shows Antibacterial Activity against Gram-Positive Bacteria by Reducing ATP Production and Targeting the CTP Synthase PyrG
Authors: Zheng Yun-Dan , Zhong Tairan , Wu Haiming , Li Nan , Fang Zuye , Cao Linlin , Yin Xing-Feng , He Qing-Yu , Ge Ruiguang , Sun Xuesong
Published: June 2022

Infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are a serious problem worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find novel drugs with good antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Synergistic Antifungal Effect of a Combination of Iron Deficiency and Calcium Supplementation
Authors: Ye Jing , Wang Yamei , Li Xinyu , Wan Qinyi , Zhang Yuanwei , Lu Ling
Published: June 2022

Millions of immunocompromised people are at a higher risk of developing different types of severe fungal diseases. The limited number of antifungals and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance highlight an urgent need for new strategies against invasive fungal infections.
Supplemental Material: Answering Geosciences Research Questions at a Global Scale via a Hybrid Machine-Human Learning Approach: A Case Study of the Link between Climate and Volcanism
Authors: Carrapa Barbara , al et.
Published: June 2022

 Supplemental Documents 1–3 
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Functional Reversal of Fatty Acid Β-Oxidation in Escherichia coli upon the Action of Various Native Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases
Authors: Gulevich A. Yu. , Skorokhodova A. Yu. , Debabov V. G.
Published: June 2022

Using Escherichia coli strain MG1655 lacIQ, ∆ackA-pta, ∆poxB, ∆ldhA, ∆adhE, ∆fadE, PL‑SDφ10-atoB, Ptrc-ideal-4-SDφ10-fadB, PL-SDφ10-tesB, ∆yciA as a core strain, the efficiency of the reversal of fatty acid β-oxidation upon the action of native cellular enzymes capable of serving as acyl-CoA dehydrogenases was examined. Increased expression of fadE, fabI, and ydiO/ydiQRST genes encoding the corresponding enzymes was ensured in derivatives of the core strain by substituting their native regulatory regions with artificial regulatory element Ptrc-ideal-4-SDφ10. A three-turn reversal of the cycle in the engineered recombinants was demonstrated that was accompanied by considerable secretion of butyric, caproic, and caprylic acids. The highest level of six- and eight-carbon carboxylates production was achieved upon the overexpression of the fabI gene, while the lowest levels of secretion of the corresponding compounds were demonstrated by the strain with the enhanced expression of the ydiO and ydiQRST genes. The recombinant with the individually enhanced expression of ydiO did not produce detectable amounts of the derivatives of the complete and successful β-oxidation reversal.
Thermogasdynamics of a Model Ethylene-Fueled Combustion Chamber in Supersonic Flow
Authors: Surzhikov S. T.
Published: June 2022

The results of numerical investigation of thermogasdynamics of a model scramjet combustion chamber with an ethylene flameholder made in form of an asymmetric trapezoidal cavity are given. The regimes of supersonic air flow at the combustion chamber inlet are studied at the Mach number 2.2, the pressure 0.416–1 atm, and the total ethylene flow rate of the order of 10 g/(s cm) through two injectors located in the cavity. A two-dimensional computational model based on the system of time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations, the energy conservation and continuity equations for the gas mixture and individual chemical components, as well as the system of chemical kinetics, is used. The spectral and integral radiative heat fluxes towards the chamber walls were calculated using the thermal radiation transfer equation. It is shown that in the calculated cases considered the density of convective heat flux towards the combustion chamber walls can reach 20 W/cm2 and the density of integral radiative heat fluxes is of ~1 W/cm2.
Symptomatic leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: a rare presentation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia relapse
Authors: Batayneh Osama , Lin Amy , Abu-Jaradeh Omar , Wu Peter , Villamar Mauricio F. , Sharma Purva
Published: June 2022

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is very rare and, when present, it is frequently asymptomatic. Rather, CNS involvement is more common in other haematological malignancies such as mantle cell lymphoma or diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The paucity of literature on CNS involvement in CLL underscores the importance of increasing awareness about its presentation, diagnosis and optimal management. We describe a case of symptomatic leptomeningeal leukaemic involvement as an atypical presentation of CLL relapse. A favourable clinical response was observed following systemic monotherapy with venetoclax.
Health literacy and cardiovascular disease prevention: a systematic scoping review protocol
Authors: Beasant Bonnie , Lee Georgie , Vaughan Vanessa , Lotfaliany Mojtaba , Hosking Sarah
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Health literacy is ‘The skills and resources of a person to access, understand and use information to make decisions, and take action on their own health and healthcare’. Literature investigating cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and health literacy often exist in silos, only exploring one element of prevention. This protocol aims to establish a scoping method of articles investigating health literacy and CVD preventive practices or knowledge in lay populations.

Methods and analysis

A scoping review was deemed the most appropriate study design. The topic was conceptualised, with preliminary searching informing subsequent development of search strings. A search of the following databases will be conducted on 31 January 2022: MEDLINE, Global Health, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL. Studies included will be published in English, of appropriate design, measuring health literacy and some aspect of primary CVD prevention in lay-populations. These criteria will be tested against 25 ‘pilot’ articles from the results, undergoing necessary review before screening commences. A secondary author will screen 10% of abstracts, with a third subject-matter expert reviewing conflicts.

Ethics and dissemination

This review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scholarly networks, most likely including journal publication and conference presentation.

Article summary

CVD is the leading cause of death around the world. This paper proposes an exploration of health literacy’s relationship with CVD prevention as a whole, contrasting with the more segmented reviews currently published.
Effects of awareness of breast cancer overdiagnosis among women with screen-detected or incidentally found breast cancer: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Pickles Kristen , Hersch Jolyn , Nickel Brooke , Vaidya Jayant S , McCaffery Kirsten , Barratt Alexandra
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To explore experiences of women who identified themselves as having a possible breast cancer overdiagnosis.

Design

Qualitative interview study using key components of a grounded theory analysis.

Setting

International interviews with women diagnosed with breast cancer and aware of the concept of overdiagnosis.

Participants

Twelve women aged 48–77 years from the UK (6), USA (4), Canada (1) and Australia (1) who had breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ n=9, (invasive) breast cancer n=3) diagnosed between 2004 and 2019, and who were aware of the possibility of overdiagnosis. Participants were recruited via online blogs and professional clinical networks.

Results

Most women (10/12) became aware of overdiagnosis after their own diagnosis. All were concerned about the possibility of overdiagnosis or overtreatment or both. Finding out about overdiagnosis/overtreatment had negative psychosocial impacts on women’s sense of self, quality of interactions with medical professionals, and for some, had triggered deep remorse about past decisions and actions. Many were uncomfortable with being treated as a cancer patient when they did not feel ‘diseased’. For most, the recommended treatments seemed excessive compared with the diagnosis given. Most found that their initial clinical teams were not forthcoming about the possibility of overdiagnosis and overtreatment, and many found it difficult to deal with their set management protocols.

Conclusion

The experiences of this small and unusual group of women provide rare insight into the profound negative impact of finding out about overdiagnosis after breast cancer diagnosis. Previous studies have found that women valued information about overdiagnosis before screening and this knowledge did not reduce subsequent screening uptake. Policymakers and clinicians should recognise the diversity of women’s perspectives and ensure that women are adequately informed of the possibility of overdiagnosis before screening.
Signature for Pain Recovery IN Teens (SPRINT): protocol for a multisite prospective signature study in chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Simons Laura , Moayedi Massieh , Coghill Robert C , Stinson Jennifer , Angst Martin S , Aghaeepour Nima , Gaudilliere Brice , King Christopher D , López-Solà Marina , Hoeppli Marie-Eve , Biggs Emma , Ganio Ed , Williams Sara E , Goldschneider Kenneth R , Campbell Fiona , Ruskin Danielle , Krane Elliot J , Walker Suellen , Rush Gillian , Heirich Marissa
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Current treatments for chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain are suboptimal. Discovery of robust prognostic markers separating patients who recover from patients with persistent pain and disability is critical for developing patient-specific treatment strategies and conceiving novel approaches that benefit all patients. Given that chronic pain is a biopsychosocial process, this study aims to discover and validate a robust prognostic signature that measures across multiple dimensions in the same adolescent patient cohort with a computational analysis pipeline. This will facilitate risk stratification in adolescent patients with chronic MSK pain and more resourceful allocation of patients to costly and potentially burdensome multidisciplinary pain treatment approaches.

Methods and analysis

Here we describe a multi-institutional effort to collect, curate and analyse a high dimensional data set including epidemiological, psychometric, quantitative sensory, brain imaging and biological information collected over the course of 12 months. The aim of this effort is to derive a multivariate model with strong prognostic power regarding the clinical course of adolescent MSK pain and function.

Ethics and dissemination

The study complies with the National Institutes of Health policy on the use of a single internal review board (sIRB) for multisite research, with Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Review Board as the reviewing IRB. Stanford’s IRB is a relying IRB within the sIRB. As foreign institutions, the University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) are overseen by their respective ethics boards. All participants provide signed informed consent. We are committed to open-access publication, so that patients, clinicians and scientists have access to the study data and the signature(s) derived. After findings are published, we will upload a limited data set for sharing with other investigators on applicable repositories.

Trial registration number

NCT04285112.
Role of endoscopy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Hopper Andrew D
Published: June 2022

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary disease that, without intervention, will cause nearly all patients to develop colorectal cancer by the age of 45. However, even after prophylactic colorectal surgery the eventual development of duodenal adenomas leads to an additional risk of duodenal and ampullary cancers. Endoscopy is an essential part of the multidisciplinary management of FAP to aid the early identification or prevention of advanced gastrointestinal malignancy. This review article details the current evidence and consensus guidance available regarding the role of endoscopic surveillance and treatment strategies for FAP.
Nutrient management in potted Syngoniums using water soluble fertilizers and biofertilizers: effects on growth and soil fertility
Authors: Jain Ritu , Bana Ram Swaroop , Kumar Prabhat , Singh Babita , Sharma Vinod K. , Vanlalruati  , Singh Markandey , Tiwari Ajai K. , Godara Samarth
Published: June 2022

The global ornamental plant market has been providing economic stability to nations for decades. To achieve enhanced productivity of ornamental plants, it is necessary to develop effective nutrient management techniques. A 2-year study was conducted to develop efficient nutrient management protocols for Syngonium ( Syngonium podophyllum Schott.), a high-value, commercial-potential plant. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with 11 nutrient management treatments, comprising different doses of water soluble fertilizer (WSF) alone or in combination with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or phosphorus solubilizing biofertilizer (PSB), and these treatments were compared with commercial fertilizer as well as control. The results revealed that the integrated use of WSF with its higher dose (4 g kg−1soil) and PSB (200 mg kg−1soil) application significantly improved the plant height and the plant spread by 10.4%–25.2% and 5.7%–12.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the soil fertility and nutrient concentration in the leaves were also observed to be significantly improved due to the combined application of WSF and PSB. Likewise, the maximum leaf fresh (257.5 g) and dry weight (36.1 g) were recorded in treatment with WSF 4 g + PSB. However, WSF in conjunction with AMF resulted in the highest root fresh and dry weight over other nutrient combinations. In conclusion, it was found that for better foliage and root growth of Syngonium with improved soil fertility and plant nutrient content, integrated application of WSF with either PSB and (or) AMF is suitable.
The (3 + 1)-dimensional Benjamin–Ono equation: Painlevé analysis, rogue waves, breather waves and soliton solutions
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Malik Sandeep
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we analyzed the (3 + 1)-dimensional Benjamin–Ono (BO) equation. We first demonstrated that the governing model is not integrable in the Painlevé sense. The rogue wave and the breather wave solutions are then achieved with the use of bilinear form. Furthermore, using a combination of Lie symmetry analysis with the new Kudryshov method, and the Riccati equation technique, the abundant soliton and singular periodic solutions were derived. The criteria for existence of such solutions are also provided. Consequently, the derived solutions are presented graphically through 3D, 2D and contour plots, which describe useful physical phenomena due to existence of the free parameters. Corresponding to the one-reduction, power series solution of BO equation is also obtained.
Inspiratory rhythm generation is stabilized by Ih
Authors: Burgraff Nicholas J. , Phillips Ryan S. , Severs Liza J. , Bush Nicholas E. , Baertsch Nathan A. , Ramirez Jan-Marino
Published: June 2022

The Ih current plays multiple roles within the preBötC. This current is important for promoting intrinsic tonic spiking activity in excitatory and inhibitory neurons and for preserving rhythmic function during conditions that dampen network excitability, such as in the context of opioid-induced respiratory depression. We therefore propose that the Ih current expands the dynamic range of rhythmogenesis, buffers the preBötC against network perturbations, and stabilizes rhythmogenesis by preventing the generation of unsynchronized bursts.
People with multiple sclerosis have reduced TMS-evoked motor cortical output compared with healthy individuals during fatiguing submaximal contractions
Authors: Brotherton Emily J. , Sabapathy Surendran , Mckeown Daniel J. , Kavanagh Justin J.
Published: June 2022

By combining TMS and motor nerve stimulation during a low-intensity exercise task, we were able to uncover the contribution that different levels of the CNS have during fatiguing exercise in PwMS. Our findings are novel and revealed that PwMS experienced decreased voluntary drive from the motor cortex during a low-intensity sustained fatiguing task that was associated with heightened levels of performance fatigability.
Prediction and Planning of Sports Competition Based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Xu Jin
Published: June 2022

Physical education curriculum has been paid more and more attention by teachers and parents, and having a healthy body is the foundation. School sports competition is also more and more concerned by major researchers, and scholars have produced in-depth research and analysis of sports competition results prediction because prediction results can better let teachers carry out appropriate sports training for students, so as to achieve the best learning effect. The construction of the prediction model and whether the performance and universality of the model after construction are suitable for predicting sports competitions have also become a major research point. Deep neural network is a complex network method to analyze the structure of the human brain, which plays a core role in the field of sports planning and performance prediction and can know the future performance of athletes or students in advance in sports competitions. This paper establishes the autoregressive summation model prediction model, the complex neural network prediction model, and the improved complex neural network prediction model. It is concluded that only the improved BP neural network model has a remarkable effect on performance prediction, and the prediction value obtained by this prediction model can reduce the systematic error of prediction, so that it can better infer the performance prediction of sports competitions in China and plan which sports events are suitable for which prediction model.
Analytical Solution for Elastic Analysis around an Ellipse with Displacement-Controlled Boundary
Authors: Yin Jingjing , Li Huaijian , Kong Lingdi , Cheng Junwei , Niu Tonghui , Wang Xiaonan , Zhuang Peizhi
Published: June 2022

This paper presents novel analytical solutions for the analysis of an elliptical cavity within an infinite plane under plane strain conditions, considering typical displacement-controlled boundaries at the inner cavity and biaxial stresses at infinity. The problem is investigated by the plane theory of elasticity using Muskhelishvili’s complex variable method. The complex displacement boundary conditions are represented using the conformal mapping technique and Fourier series, and stress functions are evaluated using Cauchy’s integral formula. The proposed solutions are validated at first by comparing them with other existing solutions and then used to show the influences of displacement vectors on the distributions of induced stresses and displacements. The new solutions may provide useful analytical tools for stress and displacement analysis of an elliptical hole/opening in linear elastic materials which are common in many engineering problems.
Space-Time Trend Detection and Dependence Modeling in Extreme Event Approaches by Functional Peaks-Over-Thresholds: Application to Precipitation in Burkina Faso
Authors: Béwentaoré Sawadogo , Barro Diakarya
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose a new method for estimating trends in extreme spatiotemporal processes using both information from marginal distributions and dependence structure. We combine two statistical approaches of an extreme value theory: the temporal and spatial nonstationarities are handled via a tail trend function in the marginal distributions. The spatial dependence structure is modeled by a latent spatial process using generalized

ℓ

-Pareto processes. This methodology for trend analysis of extreme events is applied to precipitation data from Burkina Faso. We show that a significant increasing trend for the 50 and 100 year return levels in some parts of the country. We also show that extreme precipitation is spatially correlated with distance for a radius of approximately 200 km.
Therapeutic Benefits of Pomegranate Flower Extract: A Novel Effect That Reduces Oxidative Stress and Significantly Improves Diastolic Relaxation in Hyperglycemic In Vitro in Rats
Authors: Wei Yuanyuan , Khalaf Ahmad Taha , Ye Peng , Fan Wei , Su Junyi , Chen Wanlu , Hu Hao , Menhas Rashid , Wang Lifeng , Oglah Zahraa
Published: June 2022

The pomegranate flower is an ancient herb in traditional Chinese medicine with multiple properties. Recent studies have shown that pomegranate flower extract is beneficial, especially for hyperglycemia. In this experiment, we investigated the diastolic effect of pomegranate flower polyphenol (PFP) extract on the isolated thoracic aorta of rats in both the absence and presence of high glucose levels. Isotonic contractile forces were recorded from aortic rings (about 3 mm in length) from rats using the BL-420F Biological Function Test System. Tissues were precontracted with 60 mM KCl to obtain maximum tension under 1.0 g load for 1 hour before the balance was achieved, and the fluid was changed every 15 minutes. PFP (700 mg/L–900 mg/L) showed a concentration-dependent relaxant effect on the aortic rings; vasodilation in the endothelium-intact was significantly higher than that in the de-endothelialized segments

P
<
0.01

. The endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect of PFP was partially attenuated by K+ channel blockers, tetraethylammonium (TEA), glibenclamide (Glib), and BaCl2, as well as L-NAME (eNOS inhibitor) on the denuded endothelium artery ring. Concentration-dependent inhibition of PFP on releasing intracellular Ca2+ in the Ca2+-free solution and vasoconstriction of CaCl2 in Ca2+-free buffer plus K+ (60 mM) was observed. In addition, PFP (0.1–10 mg/L) showed significant inhibition of acetylcholine-induced endothelial-dependent relaxation in the aorta of rats in the presence of high glucose (44 mmol/L). Nevertheless, the vasodilating effect of PFP was inhibited by atropine and L-NAME. The results indicated that PFP-induced vasodilation was most likely related to the antioxidant effects through enhanced NO synthesis, as well as the blocking of K+ channels and inhibition of extracellular Ca2+ entry. In conclusion, these observations showed that PFP ameliorates vasodilation in hyperglycemic rats. Hence, our results suggest that PFP supplementation may be beneficial for hypertensive patients with diabetes.
Multimodal Imaging of Subfoveal Pachydrusen Containing a Blood Flow Signal
Authors: Ishiguro Naoko , Hayashi Takaaki , Yamawaki Yoshiko , Mizobuchi Kei , Yasukawa Tsutomu , Honda Shigeru , Nakano Tadashi
Published: June 2022

Individuals with pachydrusen, larger than 125 μm, have a significantly thicker choroid than do those with soft drusen or reticular pseudodrusen. Little is known about cases of abnormal blood flow within pachydrusen. The purpose of this report was to demonstrate a blood flow signal within pachydrusen using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. A 76-year-old Japanese woman presented with innumerable drusen/pachydrusen in both posterior poles. Her visual acuity was good. OCT showed subfoveal pachydrusen in the left eye, but no exudative changes. The subfoveal choroidal thickness was increased to 274 μm in the left eye. OCT angiography revealed a blood flow signal within the pachydrusen. However, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies indicated no abnormal hyperfluorescent lesion in the macula of the left eye. During the 13-month follow-up, the blood flow signal in OCT angiography did not change in diameter, and no exudative change was observed. The blood flow signal may have properties of capillary blood vessels derived from the choriocapillaris, rather than angiogenic vessels from choroidal neovascularization or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy/aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization.
Diagnostic Value of Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography Combined with Serum AFP, TSGF, and GP73 Assay in the Diagnosis of Primary Liver Cancer
Authors: Yu Chuanwen , Sun Chuang
Published: June 2022

Objective. To explore the diagnostic value of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) scan combined with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), tumor-specific growth factor (TSGF), and Golgi protein73 (GP73) assays in the diagnosis of primary liver cancer (PLC). Methods. Totally, 60 patients with PLC admitted to The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2019 to January 2020 were included in group A, 60 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in group B, and 60 healthy subjects were included in group C. The serum AFP, TSGF, and GP73 levels were determined, and all participants received MSCT scanning. The diagnostic efficacy of MSCT, assays of serum AFP, TSGF, and GP73, and their combined detection was analyzed. Results. Group A had the highest levels of AFP, TSGF, and GP73, followed by group B, and then group C. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of MSCT for PLC were 80.0%,91.7%, 82.8%, and 90.2%, respectively, while those of combined detection of MSCT plus serum AFP, TSGF, and GP73 for PLC were 100.0%, 93.3%, 88.2%, and 100.0%. The combined detection was associated with significantly a higher detection rate of PLC versus stand-alone detection. Conclusion. MSCT plus serum AFP, TSGF, and GP73 has a higher detection rate versus stand-alone detection, which shows great potential in the diagnosis of PLC.
Scrutiny of Solar Water Heating System Employing Supercritical Fluid
Authors: Algarni Salem , Tirth Vineet , Alqahtani Talal , Kshirsagar Pravin R. , Debtera Baru
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a solar collector that utilizes supercritical CO2 as the working fluid to detect implicit water heating and boost the collector’s heating rate efficiency. Solar water heating system efficiency, cost, and environmental friendliness all depend on the working fluid used. CO2 is a possible natural refrigerant replacement. Even a little increase in temperature or pressure may have a big impact on the density of CO2 at the critical point. Because of this, solar heating can readily generate a spontaneous convection flow of supercritical carbon dioxide. The most basic collector characteristics, such as CO2 pressure and temperature, were determined by building and testing an experimental setup using a CO2-based solar collector. Due to solar radiation, liquid, gas, or supercritical CO2 pressures and temperatures change throughout the test. There was a 50% time average collector efficiency (ηcol) and a 30% heat recovery efficiency (ηRE). Solar thermal collectors based on supercritical CO2 have now been shown in this paper. Since the results show that even though the solar energy is low, the CO2 temperature, pressure, and supercritical stress remain constant, this is distinct from conventional liquid-based solar collectors.
Variation of Water Quality in Ningxia Section of the Yellow River in Recent 5 Years
Authors: Jin Yan , Wang Xinyuan , Dong Ya-Ping
Published: June 2022

The Yellow River is very important for human health and social development in China to require good water quality. This study selected the Ningxia section of the Yellow River as the study area to investigate the water quality variation in 2016–2020. A total of 9 water quality parameters were monitored, and 8 parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphate, fluoride, ammonia-nitrogen, and permanganate index were in the range of Class II standard requirement. Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 7.5 to 9.4 mg/L. However, total nitrogen concentrations in 2018–2020 ranged from 1.87 to 2.8 mg/L to cause the pollution. Both the Nemerow index method and the contamination degree method showed that total nitrogen with high concentration exerted the water pollution. Principal component analysis also proved this. Stricter environmental management strategies for controlling total nitrogen should be taken in the future. The findings provided some useful information for water pollution of the Ningxia section of the Yellow River.
The Prognostic Assessment of CDC20 in Patients with Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma and Its Relationship with Body Immunity
Authors: Shi Jiaqi , Chen Yinhao , Gu Xiameng , Wang Xuerong , Liu Jing , Chen Xiaolan
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes the relationship between cell division cycle (CDC20) molecules and oncology outcomes in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). CDC20 appears to act as a regulatory protein interacting with many other proteins at multiple points in the cycle. The RNA sequencing data and corresponding clinical information of CDC20 molecules were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression of CDC20 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma tissue and adjacent normal tissue was detected by immunohistochemical methods. Logistic analysis was performed to analyze the role of CDC20 in the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of KIRC. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the signal pathways which were related to CDC20. Independent prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. A nomogram involved in CDC20 expression and clinicopathological variables was conducted to predict overall survival (OS) in KIRC patients at 1, 3, and 5 years. Furthermore, the relation between CDC20 and immunity was also studied. Our results showed that CDC20 was upregulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma tissues, accompanying shorter OS (all P < 0.05). According to the results obtained by immunohistochemistry and TCGA database, CDC20 was significantly upregulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma tissues compared with neighboring normal kidney tissues. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high expression of CDC20 was an independent prognostic factor of poor prognosis in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma patients (all P < 0.05). GSEA analysis suggested that the high expression of CDC20 was related to eight multiple signaling pathways. In addition, CDC20 was linked to tumour mutation burden (TMB), immune checkpoint molecules, tumour microenvironment, and immunological infiltration.
FCM Clustering on Interaction Pattern Analysis of Chinese Language Learner Behavior
Authors: Yang Zhenzhen
Published: June 2022

In order to meet the needs of the current personalized education, improve the shortcomings of the current digital learning system in personalized learning, and introduce the service concept into education, the development and research of the personalized learning system based on the analysis of user behavior patterns has become the development of digital learning. This paper studies a language learning method, that includes obtaining the user’s language learning interaction data to determine the user's language level: wherein, the user’s language level data includes the user’s initial language level and the current language level; initial learning model: according to the current language level, an adaptive algorithm is used to update the initial learning model, and the user performs linguistics further according to the updated learning model. In addition, in order to realize the clustering analysis of Chinese language online learning users’ learning behavior, since the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering results are easily affected by the selection of their initial cluster centers, a Harmony Search (HS)-FCM-based Chinese language learning user learning behavior clustering analysis is proposed. The participation dimension, focus dimension, regularity dimension, interaction dimension, and academic performance are selected as the analysis indicators of learning behavior. The learner level is divided into 5 levels, namely excellent, good, medium, qualified, and poor. Compared with HSFCM, and decision tree, it is found that the algorithm Improved HS (HIS)-FCM in this paper has higher clustering accuracy, faster convergence speed, and lower fitness, which provides new opportunities for learner level division and optimization of course learning.