bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IOT Based Climate Monitoring System
Authors: Muslim Muhammad Aziz , Setyawan Raden Arief , Basuki Achmad , Razak Angger Abdul , Hario Fakhriy P , Fernando Edward
Published: May 2021

In this paper, an IOT based climate monitoring system for rural area is proposed. The selected location for IOT sensor placement is Sumberbrantas village which is vulnerable for flood, landslide and strong wind disasters. For these reasons wind behaviors, rainfall and temperature sensors are installed in IOT stations. Based on information from local residents, strong winds always blow every year. The wind flowed for several days causing residents to be unable to move outside their homes. This wind is flowing so fast that it can damage the roof of the house. However, currently there is still no device that accurately measures changes in air pressure or wind speed in the area. To collect data, as well as to anticipate problems caused by these strong winds, an IOT-based monitoring system was built to observe the weather that occurred in the area. Experiments show that the proposed monitoring system is able to send monitoring data every 5 minutes. The monitoring data consist of temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, barometric pressure and rainfall.
Geochemical of Volcanic Rock in Southern Part of Slamet Volcano, Indonesia
Authors: Candra Adi , Zaenurrohman Januar Aziz , Siswandi  , Wahyu Nugroho Aprian
Published: May 2021

Slamet volcano is the biggest volcano in Central Java, Indonesia which has stratovolcano type. Starting in 1772 until recent, Slamet volcano was erupted with short cycling so that geochemicals on rock are important to know how the history and erupted type. Method of research was conducted by geological survey (surface) and geochemical analysis of sample rocks. Geological condition is consist of lava flow, pyroclastic fall, and laharic deposits that was proven by petrography approached, meanwhile geochemical composition shows calc-alkaline and high K calc-alkaline series, genesis of magma was from continental plate with island arc tholeiitic setting. Depth of magma 155-174 km belom the earth’s surface.
Inversion calculation and prediction of extreme conditions by in-situ test of real machine in a hydropower station
Authors: Li Gaohui , Pan Yibin , Qiu Weixin , Yang Fei , Zhang Mengjie , Zhou Tianchi
Published: May 2021

The in-situ test of the real engine in hydropower station is a necessary test before the unit is put into operation. During the test, the problems in the test process can be found through the auxiliary inversion calculation, and the calculation and analysis of extreme conditions can provide important support for the unit’s permanent operation. First of all, this paper analyzes the problem that the maximum pressure of the spiral shell and the increase rate of the unit speed in the load rejection test of the hydropower station exceed the control standard. Through inversion calculation, it is found that the closing law of the guide vane of the unit is different from the set closing law, and the robustness of the closing law is poor; then, combined with the test situation, the closing law of the guide vane of the unit was optimized. While the adjusted load rejection test was simulated under the same boundary conditions, and the measured data and numerical calculation results were compared and analyzed to obtain the modified values of the characteristic parameters. Finally, the extreme conditions in the transition process of large fluctuations are predicted and calculated by numerical simulation. This research idea provides reference and guidance experience for similar projects.
Potential energy analysis based on piezoelectric cantilever beam structure
Authors: Sheng Ming , Wang Shengpeng , Tang Yuhang
Published: May 2021

The piezoelectric vibration energy collection technology utilizes the positive piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material, and collects the energy by attaching the material to a clamping structure and deforming under the external excitation, thus accumulating the charge and generating the potential difference. In this paper, the cantilever beam is used as a clamping structure because of its large deflection and simple structure. In this paper, the raindrop impulsion is applied to the piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric vibration energy capture device is used to improve the energy collection efficiency, and the electromechanical coupling model is established to simplify the potential energy analysis by using the conservation of energy and Newton’s second law. In this paper, Runge-kutta method is used to simulate the differential equation, which reduces the computational cost of the system and has a certain precision for analysis and solution. Based on Al-‘Ula’s Bernoulli beam theory, the model was simulated by using the differential equation method and the ordinary differential equation group.
Fuzzy-SPA method based quantitative risk assessment for tailings pond
Authors: Shi Jianyun , Pan Ke
Published: May 2021

Regarding characteristics of tailings pond and the requirements of regulations in China, a quantitative evaluation framework of tailings pond indicators was founded. The index system for tailings pond was divided into four parts, which were management capability, engineering designing, monitoring indexes and environmental impact. Furthermore, a set-pair analysis (SPA) based on fuzzy assessment method (Fuzzy-SPA) was presented for the quantitative risk assessment in this paper. It overcame some defects in traditional risk assessment methods and expanded the scope of current methods. Both qualitative and quantitative indexes can be used in the method, then a comprehensive risk score can be achieved. The proposed model was applied to assess a certain tailings pond in Benxi. The result indicated that this method used was feasible and rational. The work presented in this paper can be as reference through adequate selection of model parameters to the safety assessment work for the tailings ponds.
Distribution characteristics of elemental grade and mineralization grade of Jiama copper deposit
Authors: Liu Hui , Wan Li , Zeng Xiangjian
Published: May 2021

The change of metallogenic element grade in borehole has strong randomness and nonlinearity. Quantitative analysis of metallogenic element grade distribution is one of the important ways to reveal the degree of mineralization enrichment. Taking Jiama porphyry copper deposit as an example, the distribution structure of Cu grade series in exploration lines 32 and 36 is analyzed by lacunarity method, and this paper discusses the relationship between lacunarity index and mineralization intensity. It is found that both the lacunarity index and parameters of Cu element in different boreholes exist distinction, the higher the mineralization intensity, the smaller the lacunarity index and the smoother the curve, pointing that the high-grade Cu element is more enriched and uniform. The size of lacunarity index and the variation trend of lacunarity curve have a certain indicative effect on mineralization grade.
Simulation and Application Research on the River System Connectivity, Considering the Flood Control and Agricultural Water Objectives
Authors: Liu Jin , Guan Xu , Liu Xia
Published: May 2021

With the rapid development in social economy, the waste water discharge amount in many cities of China is on the rise continuously. This has resulted in excess pollutants in rivers and lakes, deteriorating hydro-ecology environmental issues and so on. The problems have a serious impact on the social and economic development. Focusing on the demonstration site of Zhong Shun Da Wei, this paper started to approach how the connectivity of river-lake water system influenced the two objectives of the great water-retaining structure, which were flood control and agricultural water storage. It deeply probed into the basic theory and key scheduling technology of water system connection throughout the river networks in Zhong Shun Da Wei. The results are indicating as follows. 1). Under present condition, the demands on river system connection at the demonstration site of Zhong Shun Da Wei are mainly represented by two aspects, namely flood control and agricultural water divergence; 2). For Zhong Shun Da Wei, if it is primarily used to control floods, Scheme One is the optimal solution; 3). If it is mainly applied to agricultural water, Scheme Three is the optimal solution. The research findings can provide important technical support and theoretical basis for comprehensive dredging, renovation, hydro-ecological protection and other projects in Zhong Shun Da Wei.
Research on Hydraulic Characteristics of Navigable Tunnels of High-Dam Navigable Structures and Ship Navigation Test
Authors: Yu Guangnian , Zhao Jiaqiang
Published: May 2021

To deal with the problem of ship navigation under the ultra-small section coefficient of navigable tunnels of high dam navigation structures, a large-scale hydraulic physical model combined with a self-propelled ship model was used to study the characteristics of the unsteady flow of the tunnel discharge and the navigation parameters of ships at different speeds. This paper analysed the influence of the ship lock discharge on the tunnel water level fluctuation and flow velocity, proposed parameters such as the size of the navigable tunnel for 1,000-ton ships, the recommended speed and the amount of ship sinking, which provide references for the design of navigable tunnels for high-grade waterways.
Evolution of hydrological regime in middle and lower reaches of Han River driven by water conservancy project and countermeasures
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Liu Bojuan , Shen Dandan
Published: May 2021

The Han River is not only an important water supply source in China, but also a treasure trove of water resources for the economic and social development of Hubei Province. In this paper, the evolution characteristics of hydrological regime in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River (MLHR) under the influence of numerous water conservancy projects were studied, and the related problems of resource and environment were analysed, and then corresponding countermeasures were proposed. The results showed that the mean annual flow in Huangjiagang and Huangzhuang section decreased by 20.3% and 5.5%, respectively, during the four years before and after the operation of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MRP). Meanwhile, there were a decrease in the duration of the medium and high runoff and an increase in the duration of low runoff, leading to an enhancement of the attenuation effect of the annual runoff process. Moreover, a pattern formed that natural rivers and reservoirs appeared alternately after the construction of cascade reservoirs. Furthermore, with the variation of hydrological regimes in the MLHR, there were some problems of the contradiction between water supply and water demand, the evolution of river regime, the reduction of suitable aquatic habitats and others. In these regards, for providing technical support for the construction of the Han River Ecological Economic Belt, some countermeasures and suggestions were proposed, such as rational allocation of water resources, the promotion of the construction of the follow-up water supplement project and the implementation of ecological regulation in the MLHR.
Analysis of Loess Wet Deformation and Slope Stability under Rainfall Conditions
Authors: Zhou Heng , Di Shengjie , Zhang Ying
Published: May 2021

Loess is a typical unsaturated soil, and the unsaturated strength is the basis for the analysis and evaluation of engineering stability in the loess area. Based on the analysis of the wet load deformation strength, rainwater infiltration and slope stability of unsaturated loess, this paper obtains the yield stress under different suction caused by soil humidification at different depths, the water retention characteristic curve and the different loess with different dry-wet cycle history. The research conclusions can provide reference for the construction of loess collapsibility model and the numerical calculation of the collapsibility deformation of the loess site under the infiltration of rainwater.
Crack Control Technology of SPMT Transportation Structure of Long-span and Special-shaped Concrete Box Girder
Authors: Sun Wenhuo , Li Pingjie , Zhang Kehao , Tang Ming
Published: May 2021

By analyzing the engineering characteristics of SPMT transportation of long-span and special-shaped box girder, this paper took asynchronous displacement as the master control parameter of large concrete box girder transportation and stress as the auxiliary control parameter, and put forward the crack control method of spatial four-pivots driven concrete box girder transportation structure. Through numerical simulation, this paper set up the control values of girder posture and stress in box girder transportation, constructed the information monitoring system of girder posture and stress to realize remote real-time monitoring and real-time display, and shaped the stress and posture control technology of SPMT transportation structure for long-span specialshaped box girder, which helped the box girder of Cross Bay Link, Tseung Kwan O project to be successfully barged. The research results of this paper can be used for reference for similar projects in the future.
Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Based on Queuing Scoring Method
Authors: Wang Yuying , Tang Jiajun , An Silong , Hu Jie
Published: May 2021

In order to study the optimal combination of mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete under the condition of multiple indexes, the orthogonal test results of recycled concrete were analyzed by queuing score method, taking the replacement rate of recycled aggregate, replacement rate of fly ash and incorporation rate of steel fiber as factors, and the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, tension-compression ratio and flexural-compression ratio as indicators. The results show that the incorporation rate of steel fiber has the greatest influence on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete, followed by the replacement rate of fly ash, and finally the replacement rate of recycled aggregate. The optimum combination of recycled aggregate concrete is A4B2C4, that is, the replacement rate of recycled aggregate is 100%, the replacement rate of fly ash is 10%, and the incorporation rate of steel fiber is 1.8%. Queuing score method can accurately determine the influence of factors on recycled aggregate concrete and optimal combination in orthogonal tests.
Thermal Evaluation of Sloping Roofs on Indoor Environment of Traditional Rural Houses in Cold Areas
Authors: Zou Weihan , Yee Yeo Sok
Published: May 2021

In order to explore the influence of sloping roofs on the indoor thermal environment in cold regions in summer, the article takes the sloping roofs and flat roofs of traditional houses in a county in the cold region of Weinan City as the research object. A combination of theoretical and field measurements was used to analyse the effect of sloping roofs on the internal and external surface temperature of the floor level, indoor temperature and humidity, and comfort in summer. The results show that the existence of sloping roofs largely reduces the surface temperature of the roof and the heat transfer from outdoors to indoors, and can reduce the indoor air temperature by 1.3°C compared to flat roofs, which has a good effect of stabilising the temperature change and keeping the indoor thermal sense in a warm state, and the results of the study can provide a scientific basis for the construction and application of sloping roof houses.
Study on the Development of Hemerocallis Culture and Its Landscape Application
Authors: Kong Jiaye , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: May 2021

Hemerocallis is the mother flower of our country. It has a cultivation history of more than 3000 years. Hemerocallis culture has a long history and has a profound influence throughout the country. As a tool and technical means of cultural communication, the media plays an important role in the development of Hemerocallis culture. This paper uses the literature research method to explore the cultural origin of Hemerocallis, and analyze the influence of media communication on the cultural development of Hemerocallis. The ancient literati Sao Ke promoted the development of Hemerocallis culture through poems and songs, but the more influential communication media nowadays have not played a good integration role. This article aims to use the media to regain the day lily culture, to bring new enlightenment to the promotion and popularization of Chinese mother flowers, to explore how to apply it to the landscape, and to promote the traditional Chinese culture of filial piety.
Research on the Stability of Dam Foundation of a Sluice Dam Project in the Pearl River
Authors: Sun Tao , Yang Baoquan , Chen Yuan , Chen Jianye , Tan Chun
Published: May 2021

In water conservancy projects, the safety and stability of sluice dams are worth exploring due to the fact that they are subject to a wide variety of loads and the physical and mechanical properties of the dam foundation are easily weakened. This paper focuses on the study of the stability of the foundation of a dam project on the Pearl River when the strength and deformation characteristics of the weak interlayer are weakened. Through geomechanical model tests, two methods of overloading and strength reduction are used to explore the stability of the dam foundation of the dam. Whether the instability of the dam foundation of the sluice dam is deep sliding or shallow sliding, the deformation characteristics of weak interlayers in various parts under different overload multiples are explored. Tests show that only the weak interlayer at the surface is cracked and penetrated, and the deep weak interlayer is not obvious. It shows that when the weak interlayer and rock layer are weakened, only shallow damage occurs to the dam foundation and only targeted reinforcement measures are required. The research is not only critical to the safe operation of the sluice dam project, but also serves as a reference for other similar sluice projects.
Study on the application of excess pore water pressure in analyzing the effect of dynamic compaction for the subgrades filled with aeolian sand and gravel soil underwater
Authors: He Liping , Wang Xuegang , Liu Zhijun , Teng Chao
Published: May 2021

This text selects subgrades filled underwater in the section of Taitema lake of an expressway project in Xinjiang. The underwater deep treatment of aeolian sand and gravelly soil subgrades were carried out by dynamic compaction, and excess pore water pressure of that was monitored during compaction. The consolidation effects after dynamic compaction were compared. The results showed that: After dynamic compaction, excess pore water pressure in subgrades of aeolian sand and gravel soil increases as the number of tamping, and dissipates quickly after tamping. The subgrade strength of aeolian sand and gravel soil is improved obviously after dynamic compaction, but the overall reinforcement effect of gravel soil subgrade is better than that of aeolian sand subgrade, so gravel soil should be chosen first when the subgrade is filled underwater.
Study on the particle size distribution characteristics and cementitious activity of different fineness components in cement
Authors: Yu Chaocheng , Zhang Yongping , Li Zaibo
Published: May 2021

In order to obtain the change law of the cementitious activity of the different fineness components in the Portland cement, the cement was classified by the air classifier and six components with different fineness were obtained. The particle size distributions of the six components were measured and their cementitious activities were evaluated. The results show that the cement powder obtained by classification basically conforms to the distribution model of Rosin-Rammler-Bennet equation. The fluidity of the mortar of different fineness components in cement does not change significantly with the change of fineness. The greater the fineness of each component is, the higher the early strength of their mortar test will be, but as the curing age increases, the strength increase is not obvious. The sample obtained by mixing three finer-grained components has the highest mortar compressive strength in the early age, and the strength increase in the later age is stable.
Relationship between pore water pressure and dissipated energy of fiber-reinforced sand
Authors: Liu Mingming , Li Gang , Zhang Jinli , Liu Jia , Yang Zhuangyi
Published: May 2021

Under the loading of earthquake, sandy soil is prone to liquefaction and resulting in the superstructure damage. Therefore, the liquefaction identification of sandy soil is the primary task of liquefaction disaster prevention. Based on the energy dissipation method, the relationship between pore water pressure (u) and dissipated energy density (W) of fiber-reinforced sand (FRS) is established, and the effects of fiber length (FL), fiber content (FC), cyclic stress ratio (CSR), and relative density (Dr) on the accumulation of u are analyzed. The results showed that fiber addition can effectively slow down the liquefaction of FRS, and the curve of u and W can be divided into rapid growth stage, stable ascend stage and slow growth stage. When the u keep constant, the W increases with the increasing of FL and FC. Whereas, the u decreases with the increasing of FL and FC when the W keep constant. The u and W are less affect by CSR, and the dense sand of FRS is less prone to liquefaction than loose sand.
Research on Construction and Key Technology of Water Conservancy Data Middle Platform
Authors: Qian Hongsheng , Xu Liming , Zhou Chi , Qiu Zhizhang
Published: May 2021

The smart water conservancy is an important part of Digital China and Smart Society and an inevitable requirement of the current water conservancy informationization development, the water conservancy data middle platform is a key part of the smart water conservancy. This article builds an overall technical framework as well as studies and researches the key technologies of water conservancy data aggregation, water conservancy data development, water conservancy data governance and water conservancy data service, on the basis of the general technical framework of “four horizontal and three vertical” in Zhejiang provincial water conservancy digital transformation, so as to provide a good theoretical reference for construction of water conservancy industry data middle platform of Zhejiang Province.
Study on Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Construction Suitability of Precast Concrete Beam-column Connections
Authors: Jiang Wanliang , Du Bin
Published: May 2021

The key difference between prefabricated structure and cast-in-place structure is the connection of components. The comprehensive reliability of the connection directly determines the overall performance of the structure, and also affects its application scope in the building structure. It is particularly important to select the appropriate beam-column connections in the construction. In recent years, with the continuous development of precast concrete structure, a large number of precast beam-column connections have been invented. However, in view of different construction environment, construction cost and building function requirements, the selection of precast beam column connections is often difficult to choose. Therefore, this paper is based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) evaluation model, combined with the evaluation index of the precast concrete beam-column connections, to provide a scientific method for selecting suitable precast beam-column connections for engineering construction.
Research on construction cracks of wide box girder
Authors: Sun Wenhuo , Li Pingjie
Published: May 2021

Based on the numerical simulation and field test, combined with the engineering case, this paper studies the causes of construction cracks in wide box girder, and proposes for the first time that the three-dimensional prestressed tendons tension sequence is an important cause of construction cracks in wide box girder. The research results show that: the hydration heat of concrete and the tension sequence of three-dimensional prestressed tendons are the two main reasons for the construction cracks of wide box girder. The lag tension construction technology of transverse and vertical prestressed tendons makes the tensile stress of bottom plate increase rapidly in the early stage of construction, and makes the tensile stress of web plate increase in the construction process, which leads to cracks pouring in the early stage of box girder, but the tension of prestressed tendon has little effect on the final state stress of box girder. The research results of this paper can be used for reference for the construction crack control of prestressed concrete box girder.
Research on the overall bearing behavior characteristics of the all-vertical-piled wharf under horizontal load
Authors: Xie Yaofeng , Zhan Tianxin , Fan Yue , Xu Shuangwu , Feng Hui
Published: May 2021

Based on the ANSYS model, the simulation analysis of the all-vertical-piled wharf is carried out. It is found that the zero point of the pile displacement of the all-vertical-piled wharf is about 6 times the depth of the pile width (pile diameter) below the mud surface. The difference in pile displacement changes under various working conditions below this position is very small, and the pile displacement above this position is positively correlated with the horizontal load. Through research, the pile displacement curve and load-displacement curve of the all-vertical-piled wharf are constructed, and the method for determining the overall ultimate bearing state of the all-vertical-piled wharf is established. The research results can provide a reference for the study and judgment of the overall bearing safety of the all-vertical-piled wharf under horizontal load.
An experimental study on bearing capacity of simply supported T-beam bridge strengthened with steel plates
Authors: Chen Hui-lin
Published: May 2021

Due to the increasing traffic load, existed bridges suffer from various diseases such as aging, cracking, excessive deflection, etc., which lead to the decrease of structural bearing capacity and a series of safety accidents. In this paper, various diseases of a 5 × 20m simply supported T-beam bridge are identified by routine bridge detection, and then the mechanism of diseases are also analyzed. According to the characteristics of the diseases, the reinforcement method with bonded steel plates is proposed. Finally, the static load test of bearing capacity to evaluate the strengthening effect of the bridge is carried out. The results show that the deformation law and strain state of the strengthened bridge structure are normal, the bearing capacity and rigidity of the structure meet the requirements of the design load standard, so the problem of insufficient shear and bending capacity of the simply supported T-beam bridge can be effectively improved by sticking steel plate. The research results have important engineering application value for improving the structural performance of existed bridges, promoting the sustainable development of existed bridges and saving economic costs.
Prosperity and Growth Are Mutually Beneficial-Landscape Design of Meihe Park in Zhengzhou Airport
Authors: Yin Zhang , Yating Li
Published: May 2021

In the context of modern urbanization and rapid urban expansion, large-scale urban green space is vacant, Driving the development of urban green space has become a new trend of urban development in China. This paper takes the landscape design of Meihe road Meihe belt green space Park in Xinzheng City of Henan Province as the research object. Through the design of “Prosperity and Growth Are Mutually Beneficial”, combining the theme with the concept of ecological design, and taking the change process of people’s healthy growth as the main line of the whole park green space development, we hope to present the public with a unique idea, reasonable and appropriate modern landscape planning method of urban suburban green space.
The Analysis of Architecture Design Elements of Jiangnan Traditional Residence Based on AHP
Authors: Gu Xingkai
Published: May 2021

The elements of architectural design of Jiangnan traditional residence are the characteristic form elements of traditional architectural style reflected in the traditional dwellings in the south of the Yangtze River, including the overall structure, characteristic components, material form and spatial style. This paper summarizes the meanings, principles and methods of the evaluation of the design elements of Jiangnan traditional residence. On this basis, the paper constructs the design elements index system of Jiangnan traditional residential buildings, which includes 4 criteria layers and 16 scheme layers. According to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the weight of each scheme layer is assigned, and a complete index system of Jiangnan traditional residence design elements is constructed to guide and reference the future architectural design practice and the traditional style shaping of Jiangnan area.
Research on Indoor Thermal Environment of Building Corridor Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Yu Zhongping , Yu Jin , Wu Gaolei , Xi Dongsheng , Chen Mengdi
Published: May 2021

As an important connecting structure between modern buildings, because of its closed structure and high frequency of people’s passing, the local “greenhouse effect” formed by solar radiation causes strong discomfort to human body during the summer in northern China. In this paper, a building corridor in Tianjin is modelled by CFD, and the internal environment of the building corridor is simulated by turbulence model, heat transfer model and radiation model. It is found that K - ε model and DO radiation model in the numerical method can be used to simulate the internal thermal environment and solar radiation conditions of the building corridor. According to the distribution of air temperature and velocity in the corridor, a new type of building should be proposed in further study.
Study on establishment of the on-street parking in Urban Residential Area - Taking Harbin as an Example
Authors: Xiqiao Zhang , Xu Sun , Xiaoyan Zhu
Published: May 2021

In order to alleviate the problem of “parking is difficult and disorderly” in urban residential areas, the setting of on-road parking in Harbin residential areas is studied and explored. First of all, this paper uses the method of combining manual field survey and inquiry survey to investigate the on road parking settings in residential areas, and summarizes the problems such as the imbalance between supply and demand of parking in the outlet, the unreasonable settings, and the imperfect prompt signs. Based on this, this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures on three aspects of parking space settings, parking time settings, and parking space settings, in order to provide ideas and countermeasures for other urban residential parking settings.
Research on fine management of expressway construction schedule, quality and safety based on mobile terminal
Authors: Peng Dong , Shichao Zhu , Xin Yan , Xuanyu Zhang
Published: May 2021

In view of the management characteristics of highway engineering, it integrates BIM, mobile Internet, cloud computing, Internet of things and other technologies to study and establish a fine and collaborative management platform for project progress, quality and safety on the basis of mobile terminal application. This paper realize the dynamic control of project construction resources with progress as the main line and the collaborative management of projects with safety and quality as the core. It can meet the application analysis demands of all parties involved in the construction of highway for the whole service data, and give full play to the convenience of mobile terminals, and carry out task coordination and mobile operation of various management work in time through the mobile terminal anytime and anywhere. At the same time, the data of the mobile terminal is associated with the structure through BIM model, which can be statistically analyzed and visually displayed, and realize the collaborative association of various business data, thus greatly improving the refined management level of highway engineering construction.
Consolidation test on peat soil of Humbang Hasundutan regency, North Sumatera Province
Authors: Roesyanto  , Nababan V N A
Published: May 2021

The purposes of this study were to determine the index properties of peat soil, to determine the classification of peat soils and to determine the consolidation coefficient (Cv
) and compression index value (Cc
) of peat soil in Nagasaribu Village, Lintong Nihuta sub-District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatera province. This research was conducted through a consolidation test with direct loading of 9.810 Newton and 19.613 Newton and gradually loading of 9.810; 19.613; 39.226; 78.453; and 156.96 Newton. The peat soil in Nagasaribu Village, Lintong Nihuta sub-District, Humbang Hasundutan Regency has a high water content (w), of 628.139%, specific gravity (Gs) of 1.301, moist unit weight (γ) of 10.125 KN/m3, dry unit weight (γd) of 1.390 KN/m3 and void ratio (e) of 8.157. Based on ASTM D4427-92 (2002), the sample of peat soil was classified as low ash peat because it had 0.780% ash content and 26.500% organic content. And according to the acidity level with a pH of 4,000, the sample was classified as highly acidic peat soil. The compression index (Cc
) of sample 1 was 3.044 and sample 2 was 3.574 and the consolidation coefficient (Cv
) of sample 1 was 2.155 cm2/sec. and sample 2 was 1.818 cm2/sec.
Defining consumer’s requirement characteristic in halal slaughtering using quality function deployment approach
Authors: Wahyuni Dini , Matondang Nazaruddin , Arfidhila Nurul , Budiman Irwan
Published: May 2021

Halal is defined as permitted, and halal products are Muslim needs that need to be available. The issue of Halal products in addition to involving business is also related to religious rules. Muslims need the clarity of the Halal identity of the products to be consumed. Beef is one of the products that require Halal criteria from slaughter to consumption by end consumers. During this time, meat traded in traditional markets has no clear identity regarding the origin of the slaughterhouse and its halal status. In this study defining the needs of consumers with the Quality Function Deployment approach to be utilized in compiling a beef traceability system. Data collected by two-stage of the questionnaire. The respondents are the persons who understand Halal and Beef Supply Chain. The highest priorities obtained are the separation of cowhide in hanging conditions and segregation of carcass with a weight of 0.1818.
Plant modeling to predict the growth of eucalyptus plantation: A review
Authors: Sembiring Nurhayati , Napitupulu Humala Lodewijk , Sembiring Meilita Tryana , Sipahutar Aulia Ishak
Published: May 2021

The development of wood processing industry has made the eucalyptus plantation a promising alternative for its raw materials. This because a potentially valuable of the eucalyptus plantation can be used from the root to the leaves. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to have research and the monitoring approach to evaluate in terms of quantity and quality. Through innovation and technology development, various simulations or modeling can be applied to visualize the growth conditions of eucalyptus plantations, so it helps us to know what variables or factors affect its growth and also for estimating the yield requirement. This research aims to collect and conduct a review of the scientific journal literature about the simulation or modeling of eucalyptus plantation to predicting growth itself. Hopefully, this paper can be further consideration for determining policies based on the conditions encountered, so that can be resolved optimally.
Brackish ground water and dairy wastewater treatment using electrodialysis system
Authors: Ankoliya Dipak , Mudgal Anurag , Sinha Manish Kumar , Patel Vivek , Patel Jatin
Published: May 2021

For brackish water desalination, there is necessity to reduce the volume of saline waste water generated in existing processes due to scarcity of water and to cope up with increasing water demand. The electrodialysis process typically known for its higher water recovery rate with competitive energy consumption per unit volume of clean water produced. Theoretical and experimental investigation of electrodialysis in the feed water composition of Indian ground water would make this technology more adaptable at commercial level. With the capability of bipolar membrane to split water into hydroxide ions and protons, the electrodialysis with bipolar membrane process can produce acid and base solution from the corresponding salt solution. This onsite acid and base production capacity of electrodialysis with bipolar membrane process reduces the need of purchasing these chemicals and also reduces the saline wastewater generation in many industries including dairy industry. This research is aimed to study the electrodialysis system at pilot plant scale installation along with long term testing would make this technology one step ahead in desalination and wastewater treatment.
Effectiveness of RSM based Central Composite Design for optimization of in-situ biodiesel production process from castor seeds
Authors: Thakkar K , Kachhawaha S S , Kodgire P , Keshav M
Published: May 2021

In the present experimental study, biodiesel is made by reactive extraction (in-situ method) of castor seed. The hybrid (MW + US) apparatus was used to intensify in-situ process. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst and methanol as a reagent are used for the transesterification process. Response surface methodology has been applied to design the experiments. A central composite design (CCD) was adopted to examine the influence of various process parameters (MeOH:seeds ratio (v/w), catalyst loading, reaction temperature and, time) on the biodiesel yield. The optimum conditions for maximum biodiesel yield (93.2%) obtained for castor seed, are 7.47 methanol to oil ratio (v/w), 1.7% KOH catalyst loading, 317 K reaction temperature, and 1788 s reaction time. The regression equation obtained for the model having a coefficient of correlation (R2), and adjusted coefficient of correlation (R2
adj) are 0.974 and 0.951 respectively shows the goodness of fit for the model.
Experimental investigations and thermal analysis of a natural draft improved biomass cookstove with different air conditions
Authors: Modi Kinnari , Upadhyay Darshit S
Published: May 2021

Traditional biomass cookstoves (TCS) are very popular among rural areas and street vendors especially in developing and underdeveloped nations due to their conventional process and simple construction. However, this direct combustion technique is not suitable due to poor efficiency and harmful gaseous-particular emission. Improved biomass cookstoves (ICS) have the potential to overcome the health and environmental problems that are common in the case of TCS. In the present study, investigations were carried out on 3.5 kWth ICS based on gasification design with four different air conditions. The opening to the closing ratio of primary to secondary air vents are taken at 50/50, 50/100, 60/100, and 80/100, respectively for the experiments. Performance of TCS and different ICS cases were compared in terms of burning rate, specific fuel consumption, firepower, useful firepower, thermal efficiency, total particulate matter, and gaseous emissions (CO, CO2, O2, NOx, CC, HC). Apart from that, thermal analysis such as mass balance, energy balance, and exergy efficiency was also calculated. 50/100 opening to the closing ratio of primary to secondary air offers the better performance in terms of higher thermal efficiency and lower gaseous and particulate emission is the major conclusion from this study.
Investigation of co-pyrolysis characteristics of high-ash Indian coal and rice husk
Authors: Moiz Mohd. , Gupta Saurabh , De Santanu
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the non-isothermal pyrolysis characteristics of a low-grade, high ash Indian coal, and rice husk using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). A series of thermo-gravimetric experiments are conducted to examine the effects of coal and biomass blending on their thermal degradation behavior and synergetic effects in the nitrogen atmosphere. The thermo-gravimetric (TG) curves show two distinct tips where the larger tip is obtained for biomass as compared to the coal. The thermogravimetric study does not demonstrate any significant synergetic interaction between the biomass and high ash coal in the blends, and the additive rule describes the behavior of their combined pyrolysis. The activation energy and preexponential factor for coal and biomass are calculated based on the TGA data using the Friedman method. the corresponding calculated mean activation energy values for the biomass and Indian low-rank coal were found to be 203.463 KJ/mol, and 66.97 KJ/mol respectively.
Numerical investigation on natural convection of hybrid nanofluid Al2O3 – MWCNT/water inside a vertical annulus
Authors: Usmani Raheel , Hussain F , Khan SA , Khan NA , Khan U , Husain S
Published: May 2021

A numerical inspection on natural convection inside a vertical annulus interior of which water based (Al2O3 + MWCNT) (7:3) hybrid nanofluid has presently been carried out using CFD solver Ansys Fluent. Finite volume method (FVM) is used to perform the numerical simulations at constant heat flux of 3kW/m2 and various volume fraction (0-0.04) of nanoparticle. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of hybrid nanofluid is computed by modified Maxwell model and Batchelor model respectively. The paper carried explicit analysis on effect of nanoparticle concentration, Nu number and heat transfer coefficient. The maximum enhancement in average heat transfer coefficient found to be 73.67% when gauged on volume fraction of 0.04.
On reducing lift and drag forces of a stationary circular cylinder using side-by-side pair of inward rotating cylinders
Authors: Pagar Uddhav S , Abraham Jijo Derick , Gohil Trushar B
Published: May 2021

Effect of side-by-side pair of inwardly rotating circular cylinders on the nature of drag and lift forces of the stationary circular cylinder is numerically investigated for Reynolds number Re = 100. Non-dimensional rotation rates of cylinders in consideration are α = 0, 1, 3, and 5. Center to center gap spacing between rotating cylinders is taken as 6D (D is cylinder diameter), and the stationary cylinder is centrally placed in the gap. For the case of two side-by-side inward rotating cylinders, above a certain critical rotation rate, Chan et al. [1] reported the formation of a virtually elliptical body accompanied by vortex suppression. Drag on both the cylinders became almost zero after the formation of a virtually elliptical body. The present study aims to use the same concept of a virtually elliptical body to reduce the drag and lift forces on a stationary circular cylinder. At α = 3, complete suppression of vorticity is observed, followed by the formation of a virtual elliptical body at α = 5. With an increase in α from 0 onwards, the drag coefficient for the stationary cylinder reduces and becomes zero at α = 5.
Study of non – Newtonian flow, heat transfer and entropy generation characteristics in trapezoidal corrugated channel
Authors: Singh D P , Rathore S K , Chaudhuri S
Published: May 2021

This study is focused on the thermo-hydraulic and entropy generation characteristics of a non-Newtonian fluid in a trapezoidal shaped wavy channel. The study has been conducted for different Reynolds number ranging from 25 – 100 and power law index varying from 0.5 – 1.5. The variation of average Nusselt number, pressure drop, thermal entropy generation, viscous entropy generation are being calculated. For the discretization of the governing equations, finite volume method is adopted in Ansys Fluent. Average Nusselt number value increases with an increase in the value of Reynolds number and decreases with an increase in power law index. On the other hand, pressure drop decreases on increasing the value of Reynolds number, whereas on increasing the value of power law index, pressure drop value showing a decreasing trend. Thermal entropy generation and viscous entropy generation follows almost the same trend but both having different order of magnitude. The trend shows that on increasing the value of Re both the entropy generations increases whereas on increasing the power law index, it decreases.
Theoretical modelling of heat generation in batteries of electric vehicles for various operating environments
Authors: Patel Jay D , Patel Rajesh S
Published: May 2021

Due to high efficiency, cycling life, and specific energy, the Lithium-ion battery has been the best-favored selection for the Electric Vehicles (EV’s) despite high cost. The performance of the battery pack is strongly dependent on the operation condition of the EV’s and the environment. Under the extreme operation and environmental conditions of the battery, the rate of heat generation is very high which adversely affects the dissipation rate, decreases the battery life, and sometimes leads to the explosion and fire (i.e. thermal runaway). In electric vehicles, the battery thermal management technology plays a crucial role when the temperature of the cell rises exponentially during the operating environment. The temperature, therefore, between (15 to 35 °C) should be controlled. Our work presents the modeling of heat generation in the battery pack under various operation conditions. The parametric studies have been conducted to study the effect of battery operation conditions on heat generation rate and battery pack temperature. This study would be very useful in the selection of battery thermal management technology to control the battery temperature to retain the optimum condition.
Tribological analysis of automotive material under wet lubrication condition using diesel, biodiesel and their blend
Authors: Chourasia S K , Lakdawala A M , Patel R N
Published: May 2021

Biodiesel made from vegetable oil can be considered the best alternative fuel for a partial or complete diesel replacement. Earlier studies on biodiesel and its blends have proven that biofuels in the existing engine can be favorable for partial eradication of diesel from C.I. engines. Therefore, this study investigates the tribological impact of various biodiesels and diesel and their optimum blend at normal room conditions. The tribological analysis is performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer. During the tests, the coefficient of friction, friction force and wear of pins (Aluminium, Copper and Iron) were examined; apart from this, weight & volume loss of the metal pins were also investigated. The pin surfaces were characterized by surface microscopic analysis. Fuel constituents and fatty acid content were analyzed by GC-MS and FT-IR tests to understand the cause of tribological wear better. Castor and Rapeseed biodiesel show the lowest weight of pin in comparison to diesel. The wear rate of metals with diesel shows extreme rises in wear as the sliding distance increase. The coefficient of friction, friction force of pins was found to be highest in diesel, followed by biodiesel and their blend in almost every case.