bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment short-course and factors affecting the outcome in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Trivedi Parigna R. , Khakhkhar Tejas M.
Published: April 2019

Background: Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) based on Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy has been made available in entire country by March 2006. Given high rate of unfavourable treatment outcomes reported in some provinces, there is a need to analyse outcomes and identify possible trends and associated risk factors that can help for improvement in RNTCP.Methods: After getting Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval, total of 76 cases diagnosed and treated for Tuberculosis (TB) under Category I of RNTCP were recruited from January to March 2017. All patients were followed up for six months from date of initiating the treatment. The data was obtained from TB treatment register, by patient visit and regular follow-up. The information collected include age and gender of patient, category of treatment, date of treatment initiation, initial sputum conversion, outcome of treatment and date of outcome.Results: Out of total 76 patients, 64 (84.21%) were cured, 5 (6.57%) were lost to follow-up, 4 (5.26%) were failed to treat, 1 (1.32%) patient was died, 1 (1.32%) patient had completed treatment but status was unknown and 1 (1.32%) patient was not evaluated because of transfer. Overall treatment outcome of TB patients under DOTS was matching goal of RNTCP with cure rate of 84.21%.Conclusions: Efforts by DOT providers, adequate patient education, motivating ones in need can bring positive outcomes. In this region, DOTS center is at good working condition in terms of functionality as well as ethically. Gender, age group, residence and initial culture colony did not significantly affect treatment outcome.
A prospective study of N-acetylcysteine treatment in drug-induced fulminant hepatic failure
Authors: Nabi Tauseef , Rafiq Nadeema , Arifa Quratul Ain
Published: April 2019

Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare but severe, life-threatening, complex, multisystemic gastroenterological emergency. Its rapid progression and high mortality demand early diagnosis and expert management. Drug-induced ALF (DI-ALF) remains the uncommon cause of ALF in India. To date, there is no established treatment for DI-ALF other than liver transplantation and little is known about the use of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in DI-ALF. A prospective case-control study was carried with the aim to determine the effect of NAC on mortality of DI-FHF patients and also to evaluate the safety and efficacy of NAC use.Methods: A total of 18 patients with a diagnosis of DI-FHF were included in the study. 10 patients received NAC infusion for 72 hours whereas the control group received placebo. The variables evaluated were demographic, signs and symptoms, biochemical parameters, outcome and length of hospital stay.Results: Out of 18 DI-FHF patients, 13 (72.2%) had anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) induced FHF and 5 (27.8%) patients had ayurvedic induced FHF. The two groups were comparable for the various baseline characteristics (age, INR, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, albumin, grade of encephalopathy, etc.). The mortality decreased to 20% with the use of NAC versus 75% in the control group (P=0.023). Use of NAC was associated with a shorter length of hospital stay of survived patients (P=0.043). Moreover, the overall survival was improved by NAC (P=0.023) in DI-FHF. ATT induced FHF showed better outcome as compared to ayurvedic induced FHF use (P=0.019).Conclusions: Author recommended the use of NAC along with conventional treatments in patients with DI-FHF in non-transplant centers while awaiting referrals. ATT induced FHF showed better outcome as compared to ayurvedic induced FHF with NAC administration and its use was safe.
A study on awareness about package inserts among postgraduate medical students: an observational questionnaire based study
Authors: Gupta Rohini , Malhotra Apoorva , Malhotra Pavan
Published: April 2019

Background: A package insert is a document approved by the administering licensing authority, which is provided with the package of a drug. A good package insert can prove to be of immense help to doctors as they are evidence based and are updated from time to time. The objective to study the awareness about package inserts among postgraduate medical students.Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional observational study carried out on 68 postgraduate medical students of Acharaya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Sidhra, Jammu (J & K) in the month of February 2017 after taking approval from the institutional ethical committee. Pre-validated self-administered questionnaire was used to elicit responses from the students. The questionnaire consisted of specified questions regarding knowledge and opinion about package inserts.Results: In the present study, 86.7% of the students understand the relevance of Package inserts (PIs). About 72% of the students think that PIs are a necessary add-on to drug information and 70.6% of the students think that information given on package inserts is necessary for the patients. However, only 2.9% of the students had the knowledge of Drug Acts governing the information to be provided on PIs in India. About 86.8% of the students think that PIs should also be in regional language apart from in English language.Conclusions: It was found from the present study that the majority of the postgraduate students were aware about the package inserts available with the medicines but the information provided on package inserts was not optimally used by them. To achieve the target of optimally utilization of information provided in the package inserts, the PIs should be designed by considering the needs and information of two differently educated target groups i.e; patients and doctors.
A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of low dose mirtazapine once daily in patients of major depressive disorders on escitalopram
Authors: I. Mallikarjuna Rao , Prayaga Usha Kiran , Uppada Dharma Rao , E. Ramachandra Rao , Kudagi B. L.
Published: April 2019

Background: The SSRIs being used as 1st line therapy in treatment of depression have delayed therapeutic effect which makes the patient vulnerable to an increased risk of suicide and decreased adherence to the treatment and will prematurely discontinue the therapy. The present study was conducted to evaluate if low dose mirtazapine-escitalopram combination therapy has any add on benefit over monotherapy with escitalopram.Methods: In a single-centered, comparative study involving patients with depression attending the out-patient after screening and exclusion, 60 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive tablet mirtazapine 7.5 mg plus tablet escitalopram 10 mg intervention or tablet escitalopram 10 mg plus placebo intervention in a double-blind 6-week treatment phase. The primary outcome measure was the change in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score from baseline. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 1st, 2nd,4th and 6th week. Results were analyzed using Chi-Square test for adverse effects and independent t-test analysis for efficacy parameter.Results: In the analysis of results at 6th week the numbers of patients achieved remission in mirtazapine group are more with a p-value of 0.018 which is significant and the numbers of responders in mirtazapine group are also more which is statistically significant on chi-square test. There is no significant difference was observed between the two groups with reference to occurrence of adverse effect.Conclusions: Adding low dose mirtazapine has an added benefit in terms of efficacy and getting remission early with more number of responders in the treatment of major depression.
Assessment of drug-drug interactions in the prescription of elderly patients on cardiovascular drugs
Authors: C. Sneha , V. Anuradha H. , Kulkarni Srihari G.
Published: April 2019

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in a developing country like India. These patient’s prescription contains multiple drugs to reduce the mortality and morbidity and they also contain drugs for treatment of co morbidities leading to polypharmacy. The main objective of the study was to identify the pattern of drug- drug interaction (DDI) in patients on cardiovascular drugs with various co existing morbidities.Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care center. Prescription of 200 patients were analysed for demographic details like gender, age, comorbidities and drugs prescribed. DDI were assessed using Micromedex software.Results: In this study, conducted on the prescription of 200 elderly patients, 13 (66%) prescription had 408 DDI, of which 158 (39%) were major, 246 (60%) were moderate and 1 (0.02%) was contraindicated and 3 (0.007%) were minor.Conclusions: It can be concluded from the present study that the risk of DDI increases with the increase in number of drugs in the prescription and there is increase in number of drugs in the prescription with the increase in number of co morbidities. The antiplatelet and anticoagulant group of drugs were responsible for majority of DDI, followed by antihypertensives and hypoglycaemic agents. Most of these DDI could be avoided with slight modification in the dosage regimen based on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug.
Antibiotic resistance and usage, a survey on the knowledge, attitude and practices among the medical students of a southern Indian teaching hospitals
Authors: Regidi Swathi Ratnam , Mallika Billa S. B.
Published: April 2019

Background: Examining the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the medical students regarding antibiotic resistance (ABR) and use can help us in devising suitable educational interventions for them, tailored according to their earlier held knowledge, beliefs, capabilities and experience.Methods: A cross sectional, questionnaire based survey was conducted among medical students of a teaching hospital, whereby their KAP regarding antibiotic use and resistance was assessed by using a questionnaire, whose responses ranged from ‘agree’ to ‘disagree,’ ‘always to never’ and true / false. The data was analysed by using simple descriptive statistics. Wherever it was relevant, the Chi-square test was used to determine any significant difference.Results: The number of medical students who agreed that ABR was an important and a serious public health issue in this teaching hospital was 76 percent (n = 325). But, only 54.3% (n = 233) of the students were aware that bacteria were not responsible for causing cold and flu, while the remaining 37.2 percent (n = 22) were not knowledgeable about this fact. More than 80% rated the adverse effect profile of the antibiotic and the risk of a super infection as the important factors which deserved consideration. Cost of the antibiotic was considered to be an important factor deserving consideration by only 65.5% (n=277) of the participants.Conclusions: Our survey revealed that most of the students were aware of the antimicrobial resistance and its consequences. The only concern was their casual attitude regarding the antibiotic use. Further educational interventions are necessary to improve their understanding and perceptions on antibiotic resistance, as well as their attitude towards antibiotic use.
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptom induced by carbamazepine: a case report
Authors: Damor Rahul R. , Kubavat Amita R. , Piparva Kiran G.
Published: April 2019

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe, potentially life-threatening acute adverse drug reaction (ADR), typically characterized by a long latency period (2-6 weeks to 3 months) from drug exposure. DRESS syndrome is defined by the presence of fever, cutaneous eruption, lymphadenopathy, systemic or asymptomatic internal organ involvement (e.g. Hepatitis, carditis, interstitial nephritis, interstitial pneumonitis, etc.) and haematological abnormalities, mainly leucocytosis, eosinophilia and sometimes atypical lymphocytosis. There are around 50 culprit drugs which cause DRESS syndrome e.g. carbamazepine, phenytoin, allopurinol, sulfa derivatives, antidepressants, antiepileptics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antimicrobials. The incidence of DRESS syndrome has been estimated to be between 1 in 1,000 and 1 in 10,000 drug exposures. There are many reported cases of DRESS syndrome due to carbamazepine, phenytoin, vancomycin, levitiracitam, ceftriaxone etc. Author presented a case of DRESS syndrome by carbamazepin. RegiSCAR and Japanese consensus group have developed specific criteria for making the diagnosis of DRESS syndrome. The patient described here met the majority of criteria according to RegiSCAR scoring guidelines for a diagnosis of DRESS syndrome induced by carbamazepine. As per RegiSCAR diagnostic criteria author had concluded that this was a “Definite” case of DRESS (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom) syndrome induced by carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is most common broad-spectrum antiepileptic drugs so, this case report will raises awareness among physician to suspect DRESS syndrome in patients who present unusual complaints and skin findings after starting antiepileptic drugs.
Neurosteroids: current perspective in therapy of neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Tolety Spandana Bharadwaj , Maity Nivedita , V. Anuradha H.
Published: April 2019

Neurosteroids are natural or synthetic steroid derivatives which act locally in brain by modulating neuronal excitability. The objective of this study is to analyze available literature on classification, biosynthesis and mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential of neurosteroids. A review of literature pertaining to neurosteroids published from inception to 2018 was carried on data bases like PUBMED, Google Scholar and Science Direct. The search terms used were neurosteroids, neuro-active steroids, ganaxolone and GABA-A receptor modulators. Review of literature suggests neurosteroids are powerful neuro-modulators, involving rapid non-genomic and non-hormone receptor mechanisms. They are classified based on structure as pregnane, androstane and sulphated neurosteroids, and based on function as excitatory or inhibitory neurosteroids. They act via GABAA receptor (primarily), rho- GABA (ρGABA), NMDA-glutamate and sigma receptor modulation. The inhibitory neurosteroids demonstrate sedative, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant actions, whereas the excitatory agents produce memory enhancing and anxiogenic effects. They show efficacy in various CNS and psychiatric conditions like epilepsy, anxiety, depression, learning and memory disorders and substance abuse. Endogenous neurosteroids have limited clinical use due to low bioavailability, lack of specificity and unwanted effects. Hence, synthetic agents like alphaxalone, ganaxolone, sepranolone and brexanolone which have better bioavailability and specificity, are being investigated in various phases of clinical trials. Neurosteroids are novel endogenous compounds with neuro-modulatory function and show promising effects in therapy of various neurological and psychiatric conditions. Further studies that prove their long term efficacy and safety may revolutionize the clinical approach to therapy of these conditions.
Advances in therapy of breast cancer: overexpression and therapeutic implications of targeting human epidermal growth factor receptors
Authors: Bhalla Amit
Published: April 2019

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) ERbb2 gene is amplified in approximately 25% of breast cancers. Characteristics of HER2-amplified tumors include increased proliferation rates and a propensity for distant metastasis. The discovery of overexpression of HER2 in a subset of breast cancers was an important milestone in our understanding of the biology of the disease. This paved the way for the discovery of trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting HER2. Trastuzumab is the foundation of treatment of HER2- positive breast cancers, demonstrating dramatic responses in patients with metastatic disease. Recent advances in our understanding of the interaction between HER2 and other members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family have led to the identification of newer agents, resulting in the expansion of the clinical armamentarium of available agents for the treatment of HER2-positive tumors. The biology of the ERbb receptor family, the use of HER2-targeted agents in breast cancer, and the advances in anti-HER2 agents that are currently in clinical development are reviewed here.
Study of the Efficacy and Success Rate of Single Dose Oral Mifepristone and Vaginal Misoprostol v/s Vaginal Misoprostol alone for Second Trimester Termination of Pregnancy
Authors: Khairnar Meetali Mukund , Patil Abhijeet Madhukar
Published: April 2019

Background: Second trimester abortions constitute 10-15% of all induced abortions and are considered to be less safe than first trimester abortions. The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol is now an established and highly effective method for second trimester abortion. Aim: To compare the efficacy and the success rate of single dose oral mifepristone plus vaginal misoprostol versus vaginal misoprostol alone for second trimester termination of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A comparative study and was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a Tertiary Health Care Hospital. The study was carried out by dividing women into two groups (72 each). Group A received 200mg of oral Tablet Mifepristone and 400 of vaginal misoprostol (48 hours later) which was repeated every 4 hourly by 200 of vaginal misoprostol up to a maximum of 4 doses. Group B received 400 of vaginal misoprostol directly and the dose was repeated every 4 hourly by 200 of vaginal misoprostol up to a maximum of 4 doses. Results: The success rate in Group A was 98.6%, whereas in Group B was 84.7%. The mean induction abortion interval in Group A was lesser (6.2 hours) as compared to Group B (10.8 hours) (p value <0.00001). The mean dose of misoprostol in Group A was 613.88mcg compared to the Group B 1591.66mcg (p value <0.00001). Conclusion: Pretreatment with mifepristone significantly reduces the induction abortion interval (I-A-I) and the misoprostol dose.
Correlational Study of Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) with Degree of Myopia in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Balwir Dhiraj N. , Pawaskar Neha Nitin
Published: April 2019

The present case study was conducted with 138 patients (276 eyes) with myopia in the Ophthalmology out-patient department. The aims of the study were to find mean values of degree of myopia and Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) and to find the correlation between myopia and central corneal thickness. Data was also collected on the gender, age, laterality of the eyes. An association between these variables with the degree of myopia was sought. A correlation between these variables and CCT was also evaluated. The CCT ranged from 430microns to 624microns with a mean CCT of 540.10microns. Pearson Correlation coefficient is 0.021 shows weak positive Correlation between Central thickness and Age. There was no significant difference between CCT between males and females. This study found no statistically significant correlation between the degree of myopia and central corneal thickness.
Clinical Profile of Primary Headaches and Awareness of Trigger Factors in Migraine Patients
Authors: Ravat Shreyas , Chaudhari Sandip , Chafekar Neelima
Published: April 2019

Aim: To classify the patients as per the International Classification of Headache disorders 3rd edition Beta version. To study the demographic details and clinical profile. To study the trigger factors in migraine patients. To study the importance of family history is headache patients. Materials & Methods: The study was a cross sectional observational study of 300 patients at outpatient clinic tertiary health care center, over a period of two years. Patients diagnosed with primary headache were studied with help of an exhaustive questionnaire which covered the relevant details. Results: Our study had 158 migraines (MG), 137 Tension Type Headache (TTH) and 5 Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgia (TAC) patients. Females are more affected, 1:2.9 in TTH and 1:1.5 in MG. Mean age for MG was 33.37 and for TTH were 36.11. Majority (46-48%) were employed, followed by housewives (43-38%) and students (9-13%) among both the groups. TTH patients had frequency of headache more patients than migraine patients. Family history was positive in 36% in MG and 14% in TTH patients. TTH had dull aching, holocranial pain with pericranial tenderness; whereas migraine had throbbing unilateral pain. Aura was seen only in 21% of MG patients; retinal (67%) being most common. Associated symptoms like nausea, phonophobia, photophobia were seen in 80% of MG patients. Trigger factors on history were present in 64%, which increased to 85% on showing detail list. Most common triggers were climatic, followed by travel, stress and sleep related. Females had hormonal, smell and emotional stress as more common TF. Conclusion: Migraine is most common primary headache presenting in clinics. With predominance in females TTH attacks are more frequent than migraine. TTH showed features like dull aching, pressure like and holocranial pain whereas migraine has throbbing and unilateral pain. Pericranial tenderness is more in TTH patients whereas migraine has associated vasomotor symptoms. It is important to have detail list of all Trigger factors for Migraine patients, so that they can avoid them and prevent their attacks, thus reducing analgesic use. Family history has more influence in migraine patients compared to TTH.
Evaluation of Variations of Maxillary Sinus on Computed Tomography
Authors: Kakade Abhay G. , Chaudhari Nilesh H. , Baviskar Sumit M. , Bagga Rounak R. , Patni Zoya M.
Published: April 2019

Background: Maxillary sinus although shows normal anatomical variations and it is important to know about them. Evaluating maxillary sinus and identifying its variations on Computed Tomography not only detects the different variations but also helps in planning and guiding Various Sinus Surgery and preventing possible complications. Purpose: Aim of this study was to detect anatomical variations of maxillary sinuses in patients using Multi-detector Computed Tomography. Materials and Methods: Paranasal sinuses of 130 patients who were subjected to Computerised Tomography of Paranasal Sinus with CT (Seimens 128 slice Somatom Perspective) machine were studied. Results: A total PNS Para Nasal Sinuses of total 130 patients were studied. Out of which only 36 patients had maxillary sinu variations. Among accessory ostia of maxillary sinus was the commonest anatomical variation and was seen in 23 (18%) of cases. Hyperpneumatization of maxillary sinus was detected in 7cases (5%) and Antral septa were found in 13 cases (10%). Conclusion: Thus, it's important to accurately assess the maxillary sinus on Computed Tomography and to determine the various anatomical variations of the same so as to differentiate pathological lesions from an anatomical variation and avoiding unnecessary surgical explorations and complications.
Clinical Profile of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Diagnosed Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chafekar Neelima , Kodilkar Jitendra , Deogaonkar Parth , Gujarathi Maansi
Published: April 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia caused by relative or absolute deficiency of insulin1. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes. Our study intends to study Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in diabetics attending our hospital. Aims and Objectives: To study the clinical profile of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in type 2 DM. Materials and Method: The study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital. The data was collected from August 2013 to December 2015 in 54 patients. The history, examination and bedside tests were done and conclusions drawn. Tests performed included heart rate response to deep breathing, standing, valsalva maneuver; BP response to sustained handgrip and standing. Results: Of 54 patients studied, 25 (46.29%) had CAN. Of the 25 patients affected with CAN 3 were between age 41-50, 10 between 51-60, 10 in 61-70 and 2 in 71-80. Out of 25 patients having CAN in the study 14 (56%) are male and 11 (44%) are female. Mean age of patients having CAN was 10.36 as compared to 6.55 in those not having CAN. Our study gave the following. Conclusions: Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy is one of the most common but under diagnosed complications of diabetes mellitus. Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy is associated with both type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It correlates with the duration and age. Resting tachycardia is a signs of autonomic dysfunction. Heart rate response to deep breathing and B.P. response to sustained hand grip are the most sensitive and specific tests for diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction. Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy is significantly associated with other microvascular complications of DM like Diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.
A Post-style proof of completeness theorem for symmetric relatedness Logic S
Authors: Klonowski Mateusz
Published: April 2019

One of the logic defined by Richard Epstein in a context of an analysis of subject matter relationship is Symmetric Relatedness Logic S. In the monograph [2] we can find some open problems concerning relatedness logic, a Post-style completeness theorem for logic S is one of them. Our paper introduces a solution of this metalogical issue.
Current approaches to gender dysforia management: an endocrinologist’s perspective
Authors: Volkova N. I. , Davidenko I. Yu. , Degtyareva Yu. S.
Published: April 2019

Understanding of people with impaired gender identity in society, academic and science world is constantly changing due to increased awareness, openness and availability of the information on transgender people and their life. It is known that the social and psychological state of transgenders depends at a  great extent on the quality of their medical care, including hormonal treatment. Unfortunately, until recently the awareness of this problem among many physicians (clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, endocrinologists, etc.) in the Russian Federation remained insufficient, and no unified standards of medical and psychological care for transgender people in Russia have been developed. As a  result, when referring to various specialists, people with impaired gender identity commonly do not receive adequate recommendations and proper comprehensive medical follow-up. An endocrinologist, who prescribes hormonal treatment and performs long-term (usually life-long) follow-up and monitoring of adverse events, is one of the key team members to provide medical care to transgender patients. The article presents current views on definitions, diagnostic criteria and principles of endocrine therapy for gender dysphoria and gender incongruence, as well as highlights medical risks, associated with hormonal treatment, and a monitoring plan for patients receiving corrective therapy.
Estudo do Uso de Resíduo da Fresagem de Pavimentos Flexíveis em Concretos Estruturais
Authors: Costa Vitória Silveira da , Teixeira Fernando Ritiéle , Rodrigues Jean Morais , Torres Ariela Da Silva
Published: April 2019

Os agregados graúdos ocupam de 48% a 53% do volume total do concreto, sendo a extração e britagem do agregado grande responsável por consumir recursos naturais não renováveis. Este trabalho avaliou a influência da substituição parcial do agregado graúdo natural pelo agregado graúdo reciclado proveniente da fresagem de pavimentos flexíveis de concreto também conhecido como RAP (Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement). A avaliação foi feita a partir de testes de resistência à compressão em concreto, além do comportamento físico, a partir da absorção por sução capilar e por imersão. Para realização do estudo, foi fixado um traço de concreto, com resistência de 25 MPa, e utilizou-se as porcentagens de 0, 20% e 30% de substituição. Como resultados, constatou-se uma queda no desempenho mecânico dos concretos confeccionados com RAP em relação ao concreto de referência. Em relação a absorção por capilaridade os traços com substituições apresentaram uma queda acentuada na absorção capilar em relação ao traço de referência. Na absorção por imersão os concretos com substituições apresentaram um ligeiro aumento na taxa de absorção comparado com o traço de referência. Entretanto, apesar da queda na resistência a compressão conseguiu-se confeccionar uma mistura com características de um concreto estrutural, de acordo com a NBR 6118/2014.
Geração de Mapas de Danos de Formação de Manchas em Fachadas a Partir dos Métodos de DSM e PDI, e Utilização de VANT
Authors: Melo Júnior Carlos Mariano , Evangelista Junior Francisco , Da Silva Lenildo Santos , Nepomuceno Antônio Alberto
Published: April 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar uma metodologia para geração automática de mapas de danos em ortoimagens de fachadas de edifícios, utilizando-se VANT para a captura das fotografias. A geração de mapas de danos visa auxiliar na inspeção visual, método empregado nas atividades de recuperação manutenção ou intervenção em edifícios. Utilizando a técnica de dense stereo matching (DSM), modelos geométricos de edifícios foram gerados por nuvem de pontos no programa PhotoScan para a obtenção de ortoimagens. Após esta etapa, as ortoimagens foram submetidas à etapa de geração de mapas de danos de manchas escuras no Programa Tyche, que mapeou e quantificou percentualmente estas manifestações patológicas. Os resultados dos mapas de danos foram classificados também qualitativamente. A aplicação de VANT demonstrou ser uma ferramenta eficiente para a atividade de inspeção de fachadas e para a captura de imagens a serem utilizadas por meio da DSM. A geração de mapas de danos pelo Tyche demonstrou ser também eficaz, no entanto a interação do usuário mostrou-se importante para alcançar os resultados esperados.
The right to water as a fundamental right
Authors: Mimoso Maria Joao , Anjos Maria RosÃ¡rio , Teixeira Joana
Published: April 2019

Water is a Human Right of first necessity. We verified that water resources have been used at a rate higher than their replacement capacity, causing problems of water scarcity. This study aims to draw attention of the world community to the need to implement measures to a real social responsibility and cooperative. A review of the literature and an analysis of the various international legal instruments on water resources will be carried out to highlight the absence of social and cooperative responsibility and the need to create sanctions. It is observed that states and international organisations have failed to develop measures to curb their misuse and to overcome the shortage of water in some regions. We believe that the current situation can only be improved through the implementation of policies in terms of social responsibility and cooperative and the companies or the organisations in general.

Keywords: Environment, management, water, water shortage.
Message from Editor
Authors: Soran Haluk
Published: April 2019

Dear Readers,

It is the great honor for us to publish 8th volume, 2nd issue of World Journal of Environmental Research. World Journal  of Environmental  Research  welcomes original  empirical  investigations  and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on  environmental issues. World Journal of Environmental  Research is an internationalpeer-refereed journal  which  publishes global  research  articles about  all  aspects of  environmental  areas with the  aim  of sharing  the  findings of  different  environmental issues  to  provide contributions  to  the scientific studies.

The  scope  of World  Journal  of Environmental  Research  (WJER) includes  major  topics such  as  environmental agriculture,  environmental biology,  environmental  biotechnology,  environmental engineering,  environmental health, environmental nanotechnology, environmental microbiology, environmental toxicology, environmental pollution  and   monitoring,   environmental   zoology,  environmental   ethics   and  biosciences,   environmental informatics, environmental biochemistry, environmental genetics, environmental botany, environmental issues related to biosciences, environmental biophysics, environmental geology.

A total number of eight (8) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind  peer review  process  by the  reviewers  specialized in  the  related field.  At  the end  of  the review process, a total number of two (2) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication. Aim of this issue is to give the researchers an opportunity to share the results of their academic studies. There are  differentresearch  topics discussed  in  the articles.  The  topics of  the  next issue  will  be different.  You  can make sure that we will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in 2018 Volume. We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.
Parametrizando curvas mediante un hipermedio: una experiencia de cátedra
Authors: Williner Betina , Scorzo Roxana , Favieri Adriana
Published: April 2019

En el presente artículo describimos el diseño e implementación de un hipermedio sobre curvas dadas en forma paramétrica que utilizamos como recurso didáctico en el aula de Análisis Matemático I de carreras de ingeniería. Consideramos que la integración de la tecnología al currículo es fundamental. En este caso el recurso diseñado propició dos aspectos: como material didáctico de lectura no lineal y como facilitador de uso de software específico de matemática. Mostramos los diversos aspectos que tuvimos en cuenta para su elaboración y algunos resultados de los objetivos de aprendizaje perseguidos en su implementación. Respecto a estos últimos el hipermedio fue adecuado para que los alumnos lograran distinguir el efecto que producen las diferentes parametrizaciones de un mismo lugar geométrico.
Niveles de lectura de estudiantes de licenciatura: el caso de una tabla y una gráfica de líneas
Authors: Hernández Arredondo Elizabeth , García García Jaime , López Calvario César
Published: April 2019

La enseñanza de la estadística ha cobrado auge en los últimos años, debido a ser considerada en las actuales políticas educativas como la promotora de una competencia necesaria en la sociedad. Esta competencia destaca entre sus puntos la capacidad de leer e interpretar información, de manera adecuada y crítica, presentada en cualquier tipo de representación. Se presenta un reporte de investigación cuyo objeto de estudio es la interpretación que realizan 36 estudiantes de licenciatura que llevaron a cabo la tarea de leer e interpretar una tabla y una gráfica de líneas. Esto con el objetivo de analizar el nivel de lectura que muestran al realizar dicha tarea, e identificar si el tipo de representación promueve niveles superiores de lectura; considerando dos marcos de referencia: los niveles de lectura de Curcio (1989) y Friel, Curcio y Bright (2001) para el análisis de la comprensión gráfica, y la jerarquía propuesta por Aoyama (2007) para la valoración crítica de la información y su integración con el contexto. El análisis de las interpretaciones evidencia que la mayoría de los estudiantes alcanzan el nivel 2, leer dentro de los datos, al enfocarse en la comparación de los datos; pocos jóvenes pudieron alcanzar los niveles superiores 3 y 4, leer más allá de los datos y leer detrás de los datos, respectivamente, al dar una predicción sobre una tendencia de los datos, o bien, al proporcionar hipótesis explicativas en términos de los datos que se muestran en la tabla o gráfica. Se observa que la valoración crítica de la información por parte del estudiante, se encuentra directamente relacionada con su conocimiento sobre el contexto, siendo este el que determina y caracteriza el nivel superior 4. Además, con base en nuestro análisis, podemos mencionar que la representación gráfica favorece en la interpretación de los estudiantes participantes para alcanzar niveles superiores delectura.
Algunos aspectos relacionados con la didáctica de la probabilidad y de la estadística en secundaria en Costa Rica
Authors: Nuñez Vanegas Félix
Published: April 2019

En los últimos programas de matemática de secundaria en Costa Rica, se incluyeron contenidos de probabilidad y estadística, y además una metodología nueva para el abordaje de tales temas, en la que el estudiante es protagónico en este enfoque, pues se espera que él descubra el conocimiento a partir de la solución a una situación problema que se le propone. Es importante por tanto que el docente cuente con ideas teóricas acerca de  cómo un estudiante piensa una vez enfrentado  a una situación. Con el fin de comentar los cambios que se han generado en los programas de estudio en secundaria, comentar los resultados en bachillerato en estos temas de estocástica de los años 2016 y 2017 y de generar conocimiento teórico acerca de cómo un estudiante procede una vez que se enfrenta a una situación problema, se ha realizado este trabajo. Concretamente, se presentarán algunas ideas de la Teoría de Campos Conceptuales explicadas en el contexto de la probabilidad y de la estadística. Veremos que los resultados en bachillerato en estos temas no son los deseados en general, por lo que es importante conocer propuestas que aporten en la mejora de esta problemática, y es por ello que también se comentan algunos trabajos realizados recientemente en Costa Rica sobre la didáctica de la probabilidad y la estadística.
Análisis De Actividades Estadísticas En Libros De Textos De Nivel Básico Y Medio Superior En México
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Yolanda , Ruiz Hernández Blanca , Hugues Galindo Enrique
Published: April 2019

El presente trabajo muestra los resultados de una investigación sobre el análisis de las actividades estadísticas propuestas en seis libros de texto mexicanos de: nivel primaria (impartida en seis grados, incorpora a niños de 6 a 12 años), nivel secundaria (se imparte en tres grados, da cobertura a jóvenes de 13 a 15 años) y nivel medio superior (nivel bachillerato, impartida generalmente en tres grados, incorpora a jóvenes de 16 a 18 años). Para el desarrollo del trabajo se utilizó una metodología  cualitativa, mediante el análisis de contenido. Las actividades se analizaron de acuerdo con tres criterios: tipo de técnicas estadísticas propuestas (tablas de frecuencia, gráficas y medidas estadísticas), tipo de prácticas que se solicita desarrollar y los niveles de lectura que se promueven de acuerdo con Curcio (1989). Dentro de los resultados se destacan: Las actividades están planteadas con un predominio de los gráficos de barras y circulares; las prácticas más frecuentes son leer, calcular, responder y registrar. Mientras que mínimamente se plantea: interpretar, argumentar, comparar e inferir. Las prácticas de lectura se ubican fundamentalmente en los niveles leer los datos y leer entre los datos. Con referencia a los tiempos sugeridos para el estudio de la Estadística, es el nivel básico el que presenta el mayor porcentaje de tiempo sugerido.
Cálculo en Varias Variables. Visualización interactiva
Authors: Mora Flores Walter
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de este libro es la visualización interactiva en 2D y en 3D. La mayoría de los gráficos, vienen con una liga a una aplicación, llamada usualmente “demostración” (aplicación interactiva), que se corre con Wolfram CDFPlayer (libre). Las “aplicaciones interactivas” son un archivo .cdf que se ejecuta con Wolfram CDFPlayer y requieren haber instalado en la computadora esta aplicación Wolfram CDFPlayer. La aplicación es gratuita. Esta es una nueva edición donde se ha optimizado las aplicaciones cdf y se han agregado dos capítulos: Vectores, Rectas y Planos (y también coordenadas polares), Parametrizacion y Funciones Vectoriales. Muchos de los ejemplos y ejercicios de este libro han aparecido en exámenes, en el curso de Cálculo Superior del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica.

El lector puede visualizar la teoría y muchos de los ejemplos, e interactuar con las figuras en la aplicación interactiva, usando el ratón. La idea es visualizar no solo el espacio tridimensional, también poder entrenar en visualizar cortes de superficies, intersecciones y proyecciones de una superficie o un sólido, en algunos de los planos XY; XZ o Y Z: Este conocimiento se aplica después en el cálculo de integrales dobles, triples, de línea y de superficie. Varias aplicaciones interactivas se usan para visualizar la dinámica de una definición o un teorema y su alcance y significado.

Como es conocido, la visualización interactiva funciona bien como complemento y requiere “narrativa” por parte del profesor, para obtener buenos resultados en la enseñanza. También es deseable ejercicios de verbalización, en algunas actividades, por parte del estudiante
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) ile Mücadelede Topraktan Uygulanan Bazı Pestisitlerin Etkisi
Authors: Manavoğlu Mehmet , Kayahan Ali , Karaca İsmail
Published: April 2019

Dünyada üretilen sebzeler içerisinde büyük paya sahip
olan sebze domatestir. Ülkemizde ve dünyada yoğun şekilde üretimi yapılan
domates bitkilerini tehdit eden çok sayıda hastalık ve zararlı yer almaktadır.
Bu zararlılardan birisi olan Tuta
absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), domates bitkisi yaprağının
iki epidermisi arasında, sürgünlerde ve meyvede beslenerek ekonomik kayıplara
neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bazı pestisitlerin Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde
seralarda ve açık alanlarda ekonomik zarara neden olan Domates güvesi (T. absoluta) ile kimyasal mücadelede
klasik uygulamaların dışında topraktan uygulama denemeleri yürütülmüştür.
Uygulanan pestisitlerin özellikle böceğin davranışı, beslenmesi, yaşamları
üzerindeki etkilerinin yanında uygulanan alanda zararlıya karşı kültür
bitkisinin koruma süresi araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada değişik etkili maddelere
sahip ticari ilaçlar (İlaç1, İlaç2 ve İlaç3) kullanılmıştır. İlaçlar
arasında etkililik açısından fark olup olmadığının kıyaslaması için SPSS
programı kullanılmış, ortaya çıkabilecek istatistiki farklılıklar ise Tukey
çoklu karşılaştırma testi ile belirlenmiştir. Denemelerden elde edilen
sonuçlar karşılaştırıldığında İlaç1 ve İlaç2 isimli kimyasalların topraktan
uygulandığında T. absoluta’ya etkili
olduğu görülmüştür.
Penguatan Ekonomi Mikro Berbasis Variasi Produk Olahan Sabut Kelapa
Authors: Haryanto Dwi
Published: April 2019

Artikel ini disusun melalui pengabdian yang memfokuskan pada ekonomi mikro yang berbasis pada pengolahan limbah sabut kelapa. Sebagai titik tolak, limbah dalam konteks ini merujuk pada bagaimana masyarakat, khususnya pengusaha kerajinan mampu memberikan nilai tambah pada sisa buah kelapa yang masih terfokus pada sabut saja. Menjadi manarik dalam hal ini, ialah persoalan bagaimana masyarakat dapat dikategorikan kedalam usaha mikro yang berbasis pada usaha rumahan. Sementara dalam konteks yang lebih makro, usaha masyarakat ini dapat dikategorikan sebagai usaha ekonomi berkelanjutan  berwawasan lingkungan.  Dua setting tersebut, memiliki persoalan yang perlu dikembangkan untuk menciptakan nilai tambah, inovasi dan penciptaan daya saing, sehingga mampu memperkuat perumbuhan ekonomi mikro. Melalui pendampingan, targetan pengabdian ini menitik beratkan pada adanya nilai tambah kompetitif baru yang secara sistematis dapat diarahkan pada penguatan relasi produksi yang menekankan pada modal sosial yang berakar pada struktur masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Usaha Mikro, Nilai Tambah, Ekonomi Berkelanjutan, Inovasi, Daya Saing

This article was prepared through a service that focused on microeconomics based on coconut fiber waste treatment. As a starting point, waste in this context refers to how people, especially handicraft entrepreneurs are able to provide added value to the rest of the coconuts which are still focused on coir. Being interesting in this matter, is a matter of how society can be categorized into micro-enterprises based on home-based businesses. While in a more macro context, this community effort can be categorized as an environmentally sustainable economic effort. The two settings, have problems that need to be developed to create added value, innovation and the creation of competitiveness, so as to strengthen microeconomic growth. Through mentoring, the target of this service focuses on the existence of new competitive added values which can be systematically directed at strengthening production relations which emphasize social capital rooted in the structure of society.

Keywords: Micro Business, Added Value, Sustainable Economy, Innovation, Competitiveness
Pemberdayaan Majelis Gereja Untuk Pencegahan HIV dan AIDS Di Amanatun Utara Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Manurung Imelda Februati Ester
Published: April 2019

Kasus HIV dan AIDS saat ini tidak saja ditemukan di populasi kunci, tetapi juga sudah di populasi umum seperti ibu rumah tangga di pedesaan. Tingginya migrasi penduduk desa untuk mencari kerja di luar daerah merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadi penularan HIV. Masyarakat desa pada umumnya masih mempercayai tokoh rohani seperti majelis gereja dalam menyampaikan pesan kesehatan. Untuk itu pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan majelis gereja untuk memberikan dukungan pencegahan HIV di masyarakat. Metode pelaksanaan yaitu dengan pelatihan disertai pre dan pos tes serta praktek keterampilan dukungan pencegahan HIV. Pada akhirnya majelis diminta untuk membuat rencana kerja selama 1 bulan setelah pelatihan kemudian dilakukan monitoring dan evaluasi. Hasil dari pengabdian ini adalah terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan tentang HIV dan AIDS, penularan, pencegahan dan pengobatannya. Selain itu keterampilan dukungan pencegahan HIV juga meningkat. Majelis juga melakukan seluruh rencana kerja yaitu memberikan dukungan pencegahan HIV minimal pada tiga orang yang berpotensi tertular HIV seperti bekas TKI atau pekerja di luar daerah. Kesimpulan dari pengabdian ini yaitu perlu memberdayakan seluruh komponen desa untuk melakukan upaya pencegahan HIV dan AIDS di seluruh lapisan masyarakat desa dengan tingkat migrasi penduduk cukup tinggi.

Kata kunci: pemberdayaan, majelis, HIV dan AIDS

HIV and AIDS cases are currently not only found in key populations but also in the general population, such as rural housewives. The high migration of villagers to look for work outside their current areas is one of the risk factors for HIV transmission. The village community in general still believes in spiritual figures, such as church assemblies, in delivering health messages. For this purpose, the service aims to empower church assemblies to provide HIV prevention support in the community. The method of implementation is by training with pre and test posts as well as practice with HIV prevention support skills. In the end, the assembly was asked to make a work plan for one month after the training and then carried out monitoring and evaluation. The result of this service is an increased in knowledge about HIV and AIDS, transmission, prevention, and treatment. In addition, HIV prevention support skills have also increased. The assembly also carried out all work plans, including providing minimum HIV prevention support to three people who have the potential to contract HIV such as former migrant workers or workers outside the area. The conclusion of this service is the need to empower all village components to make efforts to prevent HIV and AIDS in all levels of the village community with high levels of population migration.

Keywords: empowerment, assembly, HIV and AIDS