bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FITOTREATMENT SEBAGAI POLISHING TREATMENT AIR LIMBAH SEKTOR PERIKANAN DI PASAR TRADISIONAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SALVINIA MOLESTA DAN PISTIA STRATIOTES
Authors: Ardiansyah Putra Muhammad Zidane , Tangahu Bieby Voijant
Published: April 2024

Kegiatan perikanan menghasilkan air limbah dengan kadar BOD, COD, dan TSS yang cukup tinggi sehingga berbahaya apabila dibuang secara langsung ke sungai. Salah satu pengolahan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan menggunakan fitotreatment atau pengolahan dengan menggunakan tumbuhan. Tumbuhan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes. Tahapan penelitian ini yaitu propagasi, aklimatisasi, range finding test, dan tahap uji fitotreatment. Air limbah sektor perikanan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berasal dari UPT Pasar Gresik dengan pH sebesar 6,54, BOD 310 mg/L, COD 853,3 mg/L, TSS 590 mg/L dan air limbah UPT Pasar Giri dengan pH 6,48, BOD 292 mg/L, COD 746,6 mg/L, TSS 440 mg/L. Berdasarkan uji RFT, Pistia stratiotes mampu bertahan pada konsentrasi 20% untuk air limbah Pasar Gresik dan 40% untuk air limbah Pasar Giri sedangkan tumbuhn Salvinia molesta mampu bertahan pada konsentrasi 10% untuk air limbah Pasar Gresik dan 10% untuk air limbah Pasar Giri.  Dari uji fitotreatment didapatkan hasil penyisihan parameter BOD, COD, dan TSS pada air limbah Pasar Giri tumbuhan Pistia stratiotes lebih efektif dalam menurunkan kadar BOD sebesar 84,6 % dan COD 80,6% sedangkan untuk kadar TSS tumbuhan Salvinia molesta lebih efektif dengan penyisihan sebesar 89,8%. Lalu untuk penyisihan parameter BOD, COD, dan TSS pada air limbah Pasar Gresik tumbuhan Pistia stratiotes lebih efektif dalam menurunkan kadar BOD sebesar 92,4 % dan COD 84,4% sedangkan untuk kadar TSS tumbuhan Salvinia molesta lebih efektif dengan penyisihan sebesar 90,9%.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PEMANTAU KUALITAS UDARA DENGAN PEMANFAATAN IoT (INTERNET OF THINGS) BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR MQ-135 DAN MQ-136 PADA WILAYAH KABUPATEN PONOROGO (PARAMETER CO2 DAN SO2)
Authors: Majiid Muhammad Irfanuddin , Assomadi Abdu Fadli
Published: April 2024

Studi ini menggunakan alat pemantau udara berbasis IoT Arduino uno dengan sensor MQ-135 dan sensor MQ-136. Arduino Uno adalah board mikrokontroler berbasis ATmega328 (datasheet). Memiliki 14 pin input dari output digital dimana 6 pin input tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai output PWM dan 6 pin input analog, 16 MHz osilator kristal, koneksi USB, jack power, ICSP header, dan tombol reset. Untuk mendukung mikrokontroler agar dapat digunakan, Board Arduino Uno dihubungkan ke komputer dengan menggunakan kabel USB atau listrik dengan AC yang-ke adaptor-DC atau baterai untuk menjalankannya. Jenis sensor MQ-135 adalah salah satu sensor yang dapat mendeteksi kadar gas CO2. Sensor ini memiliki konduktivitas rendah jika diletakkan di udara bersih.  Lalu jenis sensor MQ-136 merupakan sensor yang memiliki sensitivitas tinggi terhadap gas SO2, sensor ini juga dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi uap lain yang mengandung gas sulfur. Pada kedua sensor tersebut terdapat nilai resistansi (Rs) yang dapat berubah bila terkena gas dan juga sebuah pemanas yang digunakan sebagai pembersihan ruangan sensor dari kontaminasi udara dari luar. Output dari kedua sensor tersebut berupa data analog. ESP8266 merupakan Smart on Chip (SoC) Wi-Fi yang didesain berukuran minimalis dan hanya menggunakan sedikit rangkaian eksternal. Chip tersebut dapat berkomunikasi melalui infrastruktur wifi menggunakan protokol IPv4, TCP/IP, dan HTTP. Hasil dari pembacaan sensor MQ-135 dan MQ-136 pada alat mikrokontroler menunjukkan nilai yang cukup baik dan juga memenuhi baku mutu yang ada. Pada sensor MQ-135 untuk pembacaan gas CO2 memiliki hasil rata rata 314 ppm. Pada sensor MQ-136 untuk pembacaan gas SO2 memiliki nilai rata rata 0,015 ppm. Sistem kerja pada Android yang dipakai menggunakan aplikasi Blynk Apps              dengan pembuatan coding untuk LCD, LED, buzzer, serta sensor yang disambungkan ke smartphone melalui wireless. Penggunaan fitur value sebagai real-time data telah dapat memonitoring dan memberikan notifikasi kualitas udara via smartphone maupun email.
PERENCANAAN PENGEMBANGAN PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH ORGANIK MENGGUNAKAN BLACK SOLDIER FLY (BSF) DI TPS 3R SAWUNGGALING, KEC. TRENGGALEK, KAB. TRENGGALEK
Authors: Aji Pangestu Aditya Kurnia , Bagastyo Arseto Yekti
Published: April 2024

Pertumbuhan penduduk Kecamatan Trenggalek berdampak pada peningkatan timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan. Namun, reduksi sampah yang dilakukan melalui penyelenggaraan TPS 3R Sawunggaling dengan luas fasilitas 362,5 m2 hanya mengelola 40% - 45% sampah yang masuk sehingga perlu dilakukan pengembangan. Tujuan perencanaan ini antara lain yaitu: mengevaluasi kondisi eksisting pengelolaan sampah; mengidentifikasi timbulan, densitas, dan komposisi sampah; dan merencanakan pengembangan pengolahan sampah organik menggunakan Black Soldier Fly secara aspek teknis dan finansial di TPS 3R Sawunggaling. Kegiatan sampling dilakukan menggunakan metode load-count analysis dan mendapatkan data timbulan, densitas, dan komposisi sampah TPS 3R Sawunggaling. Secara teknis, perencanaan dilakukan dengan menentukan cakupan pelayanan TPS 3R Sawunggaling, menganalisis kesetimbangan massa, merencanakan penambahan fasilitas pengolahan sampah organik oleh BSF, dan menghitung kebutuhan tenaga kerja. Secara finansial, kelayakan perencanaan ditentukan menggunakan metode Net Present Value  (NPV) dengan menghitung biaya investasi, biaya operasional dan perawatan, serta potensi pendapatan. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, pengelolaan sampah di TPS 3R Sawunggaling perlu peningkatan dalam hal pemilahan sampah di sumber, penambahan jadwal tetap dalam hal pengumpulan sampah, dan peningkatan produksi kompos. Timbulan dan densitas sampah TPS 3R Sawunggaling diketahui sebesar 0,67 kg/orang.hari dan 204,91 kg/m3. Komposisi sampah didominasi sampah organik sebesar 83,7% sedangkan sisanya merupakan sampah anorganik. Dengan memanfaatkan potensi sampah organik yang masuk ke TPS 3R Sawunggaling, maka direncanakan pengembangan pengolahan sampah organik dengan menambahkan metode pengomposan menggunakan larva BSF. Pada tahun perencanaan, TPS 3R Sawunggaling melayani 1.268 jiwa dengan timbulan sampah sebesar 864,34 kg/hari. Melalui perencanaan ini, residu TPS 3R Sawunggaling berkurang dari 57,9% menjadi 24,6% sehingga mengurangi timbulan sampah yang diangkut menuju Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA). Dalam pengelolaan fasilitas ini, TPS 3R Sawunggaling membutuhkan biaya investasi sebesar Rp. 34.271.157,60, biaya operasional sebesar Rp. 217.601.983,80/tahun, dan akan menghasilkan potensi pendapatan sebesar Rp. 434.747.586,62/tahun. Dari biaya tersebut diperoleh nilai NPV positif yang berarti perencanaan pengembangan layak secara finansial.
STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN NON-REVENUE WATER (NRW) MELALUI PERENCANAAN DMA DAN SCADA BERBASIS IOT DI SPAM IKK BIYONGA
Authors: Zafira Athaya Dhiya , Nurhayati Ervin
Published: April 2024

PDAM (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum) Kabupaten Gorontalo merupakan salah satu PDAM dengan penilaian kinerja sehat, namun nilai NRW (Non-Revenue Water) masih cukup tinggi sebesar 32,05% dan belum FCR (Full Cost Recovery). Hal ini terjadi karena minimnya pengendalian terhadap jaringan distribusi sehingga diperlukan strategi yang semula menggunakan pendekatan pasif beralih menjadi proaktif. Pengendalian proaktif diawali dengan perencanaan pembentukan District Meter Area (DMA) yang kemudian dirancang menjadi sistem komunikasi dua arah dengan sensor-sensor canggih berbasis IoT (Internet of Things) untuk memudahkan monitoring dan controlling jaringan distribusi. Diharapkan dengan terbentuknya DMA mampu mengatasi permasalahan NRW. Wilayah pelayanan SPAM IKK Biyonga Kabupaten Gorontalo direncanakan dibentuk 5 DMA dengan mempertimbangkan ukuran zona, batas zona (batas administratif, batas sungai, jembatan, dll.), sambungan pelanggan dalam zona, elevasi zona, perpipaan zona, dan jenis konsumen dalam zona. DMA 1 mencakup 1.616 SR dengan 10 desa terlayani, DMA 2 mencakup 2.620 SR dengan 4 desa terlayani, DMA 3 mencakup 2.400 SR dengan 6 desa terlayani, DMA 4 mencakup 1.930 SR dengan 11 desa terlayani, dan DMA 5 mencakup 2.281 SR dengan 12 desa terlayani. Tiap DMA juga direncanakan dipasang beberapa peralatan sensor dengan jumlah tertentu yakni: sistem monitor aliran dan tekanan, sensor monitor kualitas air, dan smart water meter. Seluruh sensor dan alat terintegrasi menjadi satu kesatuan oleh sistem SCADA pada tiap lokasi yang terintegrasi pada OMC (Operation Management Centre) terpusat.
KAJIAN DAMPAK EMISI UDARA TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN PADA PROSES PRODUKSI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI DI PT. X MENGGUNAKAN METODE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)
Authors: Saraswati Theresia Canthika , Assomadi Abdu Fadli
Published: April 2024

PT. X telah melakukan kajian Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) pada tahun 2019. Namun, belum dibuktikan bahwa program reduksi emisi udara yang telah diimplementasikan efektif dalam mereduksi dampak lingkungan yang terjadi. Pada penelitian ini, kajian LCA dilanjutkan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak lingkungan terbesar yang terjadi dan unit hotspot setelah dilaksanakan program reduksi emisi udara serta mengetahui efektivitas program. Software SimaPro digunakan untuk melakukan analisis LCA, dengan pendekatan midpoint dan menggunakan metode CML-IA Baseline. Berdasarkan analisis LCA, dampak lingkungan terbesar yang terjadi di PT. X adalah acidification di SP A, B, C dan global warming (GWP100a) di SP D. Program reduksi emisi udara yang telah diimplementasikan sejak tahun 2019 telah efektif menurunkan dampak yang terjadi. Perbaikan yang direkomendasikan untuk mengurangi dampak acidification dan global warming adalah mengganti diesel engine menjadi gas engine, pemasangan Non-Selective Catalytic Reduction (NCSR), memanfaatkan gas flare menjadi compressed natural gas, dan melakukan enhance oil recovery menggunakan teknologi carbon capture separation untuk menangkap gas CO2.
IDENTIFIKASI PERMASALAHAN LINGKUNGAN DI WILAYAH PESISIR DAN LAUT KABUPATEN GRESIK
Authors: Radita Deqi Rizkivia , Trihadiningrum Yulinah , Anisa Elok Dian Karisma Pagri , Kalimantoro Thaniya Triagustine , Andriati Siti Choni , Iswatie Maya
Published: April 2024

Lingkungan pesisir dan laut merupakan hilir dari berbagai dampak pembangunan baik yang memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang berada di darat maupun di laut. Apabila tidak dilakukan kegiatan pengendalian kerusakan lingkungan pesisir dan laut, akan terjadi suatu keadaan yang berdampak negatif pada ekosistem mangrove, padang lamun, terumbu karang, dan biota laut yang berada di wilayah tersebut serta kehidupan manusia di sekitarnya. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup mengamanatkan untuk dilakukannya perlindungan lingkungan laut dan pengendalian kerusakan ekosistem mangrove, padang lamun, dan terumbu karang. Peranan pemerintah, swasta, dan masyarakat dalam hal ini menjadi bagian terpenting yang tidak terpisahkan dalam upaya pengendalian kerusakan dan pengelolaan lingkungan pesisir dan laut. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan identifikasi permasalahan lingkungan di wilayah pesisir dan laut guna mendukung kegiatan pengembangan kebijakan dan kegiatan pengendalian kerusakan lingkungan pesisir dan laut melalui peran serta masyarakat Kabupaten Gresik. Hasil identifikasi permasalahan tersebut diharapkan dapat menyediakan data kualitatif maupun kuantitatif yang dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan pesisir dan laut di Kabupaten Gresik
KARAKTERISASI INFLUEN LUMPUR DI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN LUMPUR TINJA (IPLT) KEPUTIH SURABAYA
Authors: Nurhayati Ervin , Bagastyo Arseto Yekti , Fathyah Fathyah , Rahayu Dewi Puji , Yulikasari Andriyan
Published: April 2024

Evaluasi unit operasi dan unir proses IPLT Keputih perlu dilakukan, guna menunjang tingkat pelayanan IPLT Keputih. Pengujian karakteristik lumpur yang masuk ke IPLT dilakukan dengan melakukan pengujian di laboratorium terkait parameter pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TVS, TFS, N, P, minyak, lemak serta uji SVI. Sampel yang diambil dari beberapa tempat, yaitu berasal dari non tinja seperti Sentra Wisata Kuliner, Rusunawa, Sentra Pasar Ikan, Fasilitas Kesehatan, Mall dan Restoran. Sedangkan untuk lumpur tinja diambil dari masing-masing unit pengolahan di IPLT Keputih. Berdasarkan karakteristik masing-masing beban pencemar, yaitu berasal lumpur non tinja dan tinja mengindikasikan beban yang cukup besar. Beban lumpur sendiri yang didapatkan dari Rusunawa mengindikasikan bahwa lumpur masih tergolong segar, belum ada degradasi yang terjadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik lumpur tinja dari masing-masing unit pengolahan IPLT Keputih masih melebihi baku mutu yang berlaku. Besarnya beban pencemar yang masuk ke IPLT Keputih yang bukan hanya dari lumpur tinja, namun juga lumpur non tinja mengakibatkan beban pengolahan yang tidak sesuai idle capacity unit pengolahan di IPLT Keputih.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING ELECTROCOAGULATION FOR TOMATO KETCHUP INDUSTRY
Authors: Syaifuddin Mohammad , Bagastyo Arseto Yekti , Arliyani Isni
Published: April 2024

One of the most dangerous food industry wastes is the liquid resulting from the production of tomato sauce, which contains many organic substances and suspended solids. Electrocoagulation, a method for processing tomato sauce liquid waste, is environmentally friendly, easy to use, and saves land. Many people use plate-shaped electrodes for electrocoagulation, but cylindrical electrodes usually have lower power consumption during the process. By considering ideal conditions, this research aims to determine the ideal use of differences in current strength, pH and anode material. In addition, they also wanted to determine the specific energy consumption and amount of sludge in the cylindrical reactor. The quality of the electric current of 30 A, 35 A, and 40 A is the variable used in this research. The second variable is pH, which ranges between 6.7 and 8. The anode material used is iron, the parameters tested are pH, BOD and Phosphate. The results showed that at pH 8, a current strength of 40 A using an iron anode had a removal percentage of BOD and Phosphate of 83.52 ± 0.44% (1,358.00 mg/L) and 74.90 ± 0.98% (189. 41 mg/L). The specific energy consumption obtained for each parameter is 1.71 Wh/gBOD and 20.38 Wh/gP.
ANALISIS TINGKAT POTENSI PENCEMARAN UDARA AKIBAT KENDARAAN BERMOTOR MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS DI KECAMATAN PASAR KLIWON
Authors: Wicaksono Iqbal Afriansyah , Hadibasyir Hamim Zaky
Published: April 2024

Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon adalah salah satu kecamatan di Kota Surakarta yang memiliki banyak pusat perbelanjaan, pertokoan, pasar, pendidikan, dan juga objek wisata. Oleh karena itu, masyarakat banyak menggunakan kendaraan bermotor untuk mempermudah dalam mobilitas aktivitasnya. Hal ini yang membuat Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon sangat berpotensi untuk terjadinya pencemaran udara akibat kendaraan bermotor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sebaran faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat potensi pencemaran udara akibat kendaraan bermotor dan menganalisis sebaran tingkat potensi pencemaran udara akibat kendaraan bermotor di Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon. Penelitian ini menggunakan integrasi data penginderaan jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dengan teknik overlay berjenjang tertimbang. Penentuan analisis potensi tingkat pencemaran udara akibat kendaraan bermotor menggunakan 4 parameter, yaitu jarak terhadap jalan, jarak terhadap lampu lalu lintas, keteraturan bangunan, dan kerapatan vegetasi. Validasi pemodelan spasial dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil pemodelan dengan data dari aplikasi Breezometer. Hasil pemodelan spasial memiliki tingkat keakuratan 82,4%. Tingkat pencemaran udara kelas tinggi memiliki luas 2,99 Km2 atau 61,5% dari total wilayah Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon. Kelas tinggi terjadi karena berada dekat dengan jalan arteri dan jalan kolektor, dekat dengan lokasi lampu lalu lintas, vegetasi pepohonan yang tidak ada, dan pola keteraturan bangunan yang tidak teratur karena banyaknya permukiman padat penduduk. Kelas pencemaran udara sedang memiliki luas 1,87 Km2 atau 38,3% dari total wilayah Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon. Kelas rendah hanya memiliki luas 0,01 Km2 atau 0,2% dari total wilayah Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon. Integrasi penginderaan jauh dan SIG dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk pemetaan sebaran potensi pencemaran udara di perkotaan.
Providing care for all
Authors: Alcraft Tom
Published: April 2024

Tom Alcraft discusses the importance of caring for patients with additional needs.
Be the change you want to see
Authors: Davies Simon
Published: April 2024

Simon Davies discusses how to affect positive changes in the practice.
Interview: Miss Rachel Hargest
Authors: Bandyopadhyay S
Published: April 2024

We take a look back at Rachel's surgical career, her interest in colorectal surgical research and the work of the Global Surgery Policy Unit.
Re-examining the early Irish marriage laws
Authors: Eska Charlene M.
Published: April 2024

abstract: Breatnach 2016 provides a comprehensive inventory of the many legal and literary instances of cétmuinter and concludes by suggesting that his linguistic analysis of the word proves that polygyny in early Christian Ireland did not exist. This paper reviews Breatnach's work; re-examines the early Irish marriage laws more generally; puts those laws within their larger medieval European context; and concludes that the situation in medieval Ireland is not as clear-cut as Breatnach would suggest.
Speaking of dialogue: Ymddiddan Myrddin a Thaliesin reconsidered
Authors: Williams Myriah
Published: April 2024

abstract: The first poem in the Black Book of Carmarthen (NLW Peniarth MS 1) is known as Ymddiddan Myrddin a Thaliesin 'The dialogue between Merlin and Taliesin'; YMTh), a title which appears neither in the manuscript nor in later medieval copies of the poem. Nevertheless, YMTh is consistently treated as a dialogue poem and is frequently invoked as exemplifying the genre of medieval Welsh dialogue poetry. Resting on an analysis of that poetry presented in a sister article, this paper re-evaluates YMTh and argues that it is not a dialogue poem at all. The rubrication of YMTh in the manuscript gives the work the façade of a dialogue which, once dismantled, reveals the text to be a composite comprised of two distinct poems. These are edited separately at the end of the paper, following a diplomatic text. Neither poem was a dialogue, but the naming of Myrddin and Taliesin in the final lines of the second either inspired the conversion of the composite text into a dialogue or reinforced the belief that it was one, probably under the influence of the conversation between these characters in the Vita Merlini . The evidence of a composite poem converted into an ymryson in the Hendregadredd Manuscript (NLW MS 6680B) supports the argument presented here, demonstrating that this type of scribal editorial activity is not unique to YMTh. The later copies and afterlife of YMTh are briefly discussed in an .
Philosophy of the Imāmat according to Mullā Ṣadrā: An analysis of the personality and attributes of the Imams in the light of the transcendent theosophy
Authors: Yasrebi Seyed Yahya
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: This paper is an attempt to clarify and analyse the Imāmat and the attributes of the Imams based on the transcendent theosophy of Ṣadr al-Muta'allihīn Shīrāzī, known as Mullā Ṣadrā. I will examine here one of the creedal foundations of Shi'ism: the rank and status of the Imāmat together with related topics of great subtlety such as the objective reality of the Imāmat the basis for each of the attributes of the Imams, the connection between these attributes and the persons of the Imams, and the relation of these attributes with each other.
The Views of Ṭabāṭabā'ī on Traditions ( aḥādith ) and Occasions of Revelation ( asbāb al-nuzūl ) in Interpreting the Qur'an
Authors: Elmi Mohammad Jafar
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the relationship between the traditions, aḥādith , and interpretation of the Qur'an according to Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabā'ī the author of al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qur'an , who is a member of Uṣūlī school of Shi'a scholars. In this paper I shall examine his views about the extent to which it is possible to use traditions in the process of interpretation. For doing so, his criteria for accepting a narration as a true hadith will be analysed. Definition of hadith as well as different categories of traditions such as frequent, mutawātir , and single, wāḥid , will be examined according to his view. Then, it will be shown that according to the Uṣūlī school of Shi'a there is a difference between solitary narrated traditions, which are about legislation and the codes of practice on the one hand, and traditions of belief, history, interpretation, and the like, on the other. The authentic solitary narrated traditions, validated by some special religious evidence, can be used in the process of legislation and the codes of practice, while single narrated traditions which are about belief, interpretation, etc., cannot be considered as such. Then the impact of these differences upon the interpretation will be investigated. In addition to that, Ṭabāṭabā'īs view about asbāb al-nuzūl , will be discussed to have a complete presentation of his view about the narrative approach, al-tafsīr al-riwā'ī , to the interpretation of the Qur'an.
The Real and the Ideal: The Field of the Asia Minor Expedition as Memoryscape and the Politics of Collective Memory
Authors: Fragoulopoulou Sofia
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In the summer of 1921, the Greek armies had succeeded in occupying part of Greece's claimed territories in Asia Minor. Although the outcome of the Greco-Turkish war had yet to be decided, the Greek minister of military affairs proposed that a public war memorial park be constructed in Athens, a park-monument where the Asia Minor locations under Greek control would be presented metonymically. The project, visualized on a detailed map, foresaw the transport of ancient Greek antiquities from Asia Minor and their selective positioning in the park so as to create a spatio-temporal miscellany. In the proposed memorial park, space, time, and Greek antiquity were to produce a new locus, a memoryscape, that went beyond existing frontiers and outside experienced time. The plan to create a cultural mnemonic marker monumentalizing the Asia Minor Campaign sought not only to shape the national identity but also to proclaim and promote Greece's demand for annexation of the Asia Minor territories.
Collaborative publication of related articles puts focus on emerging topics: editorial
Authors: Dorrer Christophe , Kumar Prem , Li Guifang
Published: April 2024

The editors of Advances in Optics and
Photonics and Optica introduce
a collaborative publishing effort that highlights emerging fields in
ways that will benefit both new and seasoned researchers. In this
first example, a tutorial and a mini-review cover the physics of
second-order nonlinear interactions in dispersion-engineered nonlinear
photonic devices.
Dietary diversity and other predictors of low birth weight in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia: Prospective study
Authors: Geta Teshome Gensa , Gebremedhin Samson , Abdiwali Saad Ahmed , Omigbodun Akinyinka O.
Published: April 2024

Background

Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Dietary diversity is a key indicator of maternal dietary adequacy that may affect birth weight but little is known about their relationship. Hence, this study aimed to assess the association of suboptimal maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and low birth weight in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia.

Methods

The prospective study was conducted among 1062 pregnant women enrolled consecutively in between 16 to 20 gestational weeks and followed until delivery. The baseline data were collected at recruitment and dietary diversity was assessed using the minimum dietary diversity score for women (MDD-W) tool in three different rounds. The average of three scores was considered to categorize women into optimal (consumed ≥ 5 food groups) and suboptimal (consumed < 5 food groups) dietary diversity groups. The risk of low birth weight among suboptimal dietary diversity was assessed using modified Poisson regression with robust standard error.

Results

Of the 1062 pregnant women recruited, 959 (90.4%) women completed follow-up. Among them, 302 (31.5%) women are having optimal and the rest, 657 (68.5%) women are having suboptimal dietary diversity. The risk of low birth weight was significantly higher among women with sub-optimal dietary diversity than among those with optimal diversity (ARR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.84). Other factors such as rural residence (ARR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.43, 1.87), age > = 35 years (AAR = 3.94, 95% CI: 2.41, 6.46), being underweight (ARR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.86), height < 150cm (ARR = 4.65, 95% CI: 2.52, 8.59), unwanted pregnancy (ARR = 3.35, 95% CI: 2.23, 5.02), preterm delivery (3.65, 95% CI: 2.27, 5.84) and lack of nutritional counseling (ARR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.67) significantly increased the risk of low birth weight.

Conclusion

Suboptimal dietary diversity associated low birth weight. Promoting dietary diversity by strengthening nutritional education and avoiding unwanted pregnancy particularly among rural residents may help to reduce the incidence of low birth weight.
Evaluation of the urban industrial coupling strategy based on the global production networks theory: A case study of the smart phone industry in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors: Ma Sa , Ding Jinge , Huang Zhengdong , Guo Renzhong
Published: April 2024

In the context of uncertain economic environments urban agglomerations play a crucial role in economic development, reshaping industrial chains and fostering inter-city cooperation. This study employs the Global Production Network (GPN) theory to enhance our understanding of how cities integrate into regions, emphasizing the often-overlooked governmental influence in strategic coupling processes. In examining the evolution of China’s smartphone industry within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) this research categorizes 19,599 smartphone companies into five distinct groups. Through analyzing their spatial distribution and geographical linkage the study identifies four strategic coupling modes based on the localization of assets, considering spatial influence and technological complexity along horizontal and vertical dimensions. Structural and institutional elements within these modes are also explored. The research uncovers unique integration patterns among nine cities in the GBA’s mobile industry, revealing distinct spatial clusters rooted in technological, resource and innovation factors. Crucially, local policies play a pivotal role. Cities such as Shenzhen and Dongguan emerge as technology hubs, contrasting with Foshan and Zhongshan, which leverage resource advantages. The spatial impact, contingent on specific assets, underscores the necessity for nuanced top-down coupling methods in regional development. Moreover, the study emphasizes the significance of nurturing innovation links, not only between leading companies but also among midstream and downstream enterprises, enhancing cities’ strategic coupling capabilities.
Effect of low-intensity focused ultrasound therapy on postpartum uterine involution in puerperal women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wei Dongmei , Wang Zhijian , Yue Jun , Chen Yueyue , Meng Jian , Niu Xiaoyu
Published: April 2024

Background

Short-term poor uterine involution manifests as uterine contraction weakness. This is one of the important causes of postpartum hemorrhage, posing a serious threat to the mother’s life and safety. The study aims to investigate whether low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFUS) can effectively shorten lochia duration, alleviate postpartum complications, and accelerate uterine involution compared with the sham treatment.

Methods

A multicenter, concealed, randomized, blinded, and sham-controlled clinical trial was conducted across three medical centers involving 176 subjects, utilizing a parallel group design. Enrollment occurred between October 2019 and September 2020, with a 42-day follow-up period. Participants meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on normal prenatal examinations were randomly divided into the LIFUS group or the sham operation group via computer-generated randomization. Patients in the LIFUS group received usual care with the LIFUS protocol, wherein a LIFUS signal was transmitted to the uterine site through coupling gel, or sham treatment, where no low-intensity ultrasound signal output was emitted. The primary outcome, lochia duration, was assessed via weekly telephonic follow-ups post-discharge. The involution of the uterus, measured by uterine fundus height, served as the secondary outcome.

Results

Among the 256 subjects screened for eligibility, 176 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the LIFUS group (n = 88) or the Sham group (n = 88). Data on the height of the uterine fundus were obtained from all the patients, with 696 out of 704 measurements (99%) successfully recorded. Overall, a statistically significant difference was noted in time to lochia termination (hazard ratio: 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.82–3.85; P < 0.001). The decline in fundal height exhibited notable discrepancies between the two groups following the second treatment session (mean difference: −1.74; 95% CI: −1.23 to −2.25; P < 0.001) and the third treatment session (mean difference: −3.26; 95% CI: −2.74 to −3.78; P < 0.001) after delivery. None of the subjects had any adverse reactions, such as skin damage or allergies during the treatment.

Conclusions

This study found that LIFUS treatment can promote uterine involution and abbreviate the duration of postpartum lochia. Ultrasound emerges as a safe and effective intervention, poised to address further clinical inquiries in the domain of postpartum rehabilitation.
The impact of housing prices and land financing on economic growth: Evidence from Chinese 277 cities at the prefecture level and above
Authors: Sun Qian , Javeed Sohail Ahmad , Tang Yong , Feng Yan
Published: April 2024

With the rapid progress of urbanization in China, the real estate industry, characterized by a long industrial chain, has become a pillar industry for economic development. Therefore, we inspect the nexus between land finance, housing prices, and economic growth. For this purpose, we use the panel data of 277 cities at the prefecture level or above in China from 2011 to 2019, and empirically examine it by using the Panel Vector Auto Regression (PVAR) model. The results show that there is a causal relationship between housing prices and economic growth. Housing prices promote economic growth in the short term and inhibit it in the long term. Both economic growth and housing prices have a significant impact on land finance. The economic growth show a significantly positive impact, while housing prices promote land finance in the short term with a long-term trend from positive to negative. This is the first study that tries to probe the relationship between urban housing prices, land finance, and economic growth by considering 277 prefecture-level and above cities in China. To promote the stable development of the regional economy, local governments need to overcome their dependence on the housing market and land finance and promote the healthy development of the housing market.
Epigenetics of conotruncal congenital heart disease: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aburawi Elhadi H. , Östlundh Linda , Aburawi Hanan E. , Al Rifai Rami H. , Bhagavathula Akshaya , Bellou Abdelouahab
Published: April 2024

Background

Conotruncal congenital heart defects (CTD) are a subset of congenital heart diseases (CHD) that involve structural anomalies of the right, left, or both cardiac outflow tracts. CHD is caused by multifactorial inheritance and changes in the genes or chromosomes. Recently, CHD was found to be due to epigenetic alterations, which are a combination of genetic and other environmental factors. Epigenetics is the study of how a gene’s function changes as a result of environmental and behavioral influences. These causative factors can indirectly cause CHD by altering the DNA through epigenetic modifications. This is a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to explore whether the strength of association between various epigenetic changes and CTD types varies by race. Furthermore, to determine and compare the changes in gene expression of each mutation.

Methods

Our protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A comprehensive pre-search has been developed in PubMed and PubMed’s Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The final search will be performed in June 2023 in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CIANHL, and PsycInfo, without restrictions on publication years. The Covidence systematic review software will be used for blinded screening and selection. Conflicts will be resolved by a third, independent reviewer. The risk of bias in selected studies will be assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The data to be extracted will cover basic information on the included studies, study sample size, number of patients with various types of epigenetic changes, number of patients with various CTD types, measures of association and their 95% confidence interval between each epigenetic change and each CTD. The protocol has been registered with the International Prospero Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) [CRD42023377597].

Discussion

To the best of our knowledge, this protocol outlines the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the epigenetics of CTD. There is a growing body of evidence on epigenetics and its indirect involvement in disease by altering the DNA through epigenetic modifications in the genes associated with the causative factors for CHD. We will conduct a comprehensive and systematic search for literature in the above-mentioned seven core biomedical databases. It is very important to identify population-specific risk factors for CHD, which will have significant creative, custom-made, and effective prevention programs for the future generation.
Estoque de Carbono em Marismas
Authors: Patricio Monteiro Carla
Published: April 2024

Salt marshes are typical of temperate climate regions that border estuarine margins, covering intertidal areas subject to regular or irregular flooding. Among the many benefits they provide to the ecosystem, their remarkable ability to sequester carbon from the atmosphere and store it in their substrate for periods ranging from centuries to millennia is particularly noteworthy. This carbon, retained in the form of CO2 in coastal and estuarine environments by salt marshes, is known as "blue carbon." This study aimed to investigate the current state of knowledge about carbon stocks in salt marshes through a systematic bibliographic approach. Three databases were selected for the research: Springer, ScienceDirect, and Periódicos Capes. In each of them, the keywords "tidal salt marsh" and "carbon stock" were used, employing quotation marks around each term and the AND operator. It was observed that, given the urgency to develop actions to mitigate the effects of climate change, studies focusing on salt marshes have received increasing attention globally. However, this interest is recent, and knowledge on the subject is still limited, focusing on specific regions of the planet. The complexity of these habitats is a frequently neglected topic, although of great importance. Invasive plants have an impact on the dynamics of the carbon cycle in these areas. Additionally, the heterogeneity of salt marshes is a crucial factor to be considered in studies to avoid errors in carbon inventories. Salt marsh restoration activities are considered appropriate approaches to coastal management, potentially transforming degraded areas into carbon sinks.
Controlled Magnetite Grafted Poly(glycidyl methacrylates) for Heavy Metal Absorption and Recovery via SET-LRP
Authors: Haridharan N.
Published: April 2024

A versatile magnetite based stringent polymer for effective metal capture was prepared by reacting iron oxide based initiator with glycidyl methacrylate monomer via single-electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) technique. The versatile grafted polymer was successfully synthesized by metal catalyzed living radical polymerization using the catalyst system Cu/N,N,N',N'',N'''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as the ligand. The structural confirmation of the initiator and the grafted polymer was analyzed by using instrumentation methods such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV-visible, TGA, SEM and gel permeation chromatography for molecular weight measurements. As the polymerization time increased, both the conversion and the molecular weight were observed to increase linearly with time. Narrow dispersed lower polydispersity index (PDI) and dispensable magnetite-g-PGMA was utilized for the extract of toxic lead from the wastewater. Sustained binding was observed due to the presence of epoxide ring in the repeating units of the polymer and recovered by magnetic effect. The material shows good stability as evident by TGA curves and better affinity to toxic lead as observed by UV-visible and SEM techniques.
Solvent Extraction of Silver(I) using N,N-Diethylacetamido Substituted p-t-Octylcalix[4]arene in Nitrate Media
Authors: Kim Jee Young
Published: April 2024

Solvent extraction of silver ions using tetrakis(N,N-diethylaminocarbonylmethoxy)-p-t-octylcalix[4]arene (EATOC) in chloroform from nitrate medium is presented. The influences on the extraction conditions affecting the behaviour of extraction depending upon the  factors such as concentrations of acids, extractants and silver ions as well as extraction time were investigated. Various stripping  reagents for back extraction to recover the loaded silver ions by forward extraction process were applied. The extraction mechanism of silver ions using EATOC was established on the 1H NMR chemical shift of the extractant as well as the slope assessments of extraction  conditions both before and after loading the silver ions.
A Facile Solution Phase Synthesis of Peptide Assemblies as Functional Moiety for Antimicrobial and Anticancer Peptides
Authors: Paul L. Edwin , Shanmugavel M. , Ganesan P. , Kiruthika T.S. , Jaisankar V.
Published: April 2024

In recent years, human being are affected by various types of cancer and are highly microbial infected due to changes in environmental conditions and hence, the recovery from this cause of disease using peptide-based drugs as a function of both activities like antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and anticancer peptides (ACPs). Herein, we report the solution phase peptide synthesis using α-amino acids such as alanine, phenylalanine and lysine. The structural parameters of the polypeptides were investigated by circular dichroism, FT-IR, MALDI-TOF ESI-mass, NMR, etc. Water-soluble hydrophilic-based synthesized polypeptides possess various biological applications throughout, especially antibacterial and anticancer activities–short reaction process, less cost of chemicals, minimum glassware and no hazardous chemicals involved. Multiple species have innate immune systems that contain antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Most of them have been proved to possess dual action, both as antibacterial and anticancer peptides, making them most promising alternative to conventional compounds used today to treat these infections. Present approach offers unique opportunities for developing highly potent and focused antibacterial and anticancer peptide-based drugs.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface, Energy Frame Work and DFT Analysis of Ethyl-4-aminobenzoate Oxalate Monohydrate Salt
Authors: Manjunatha N.K. , Rao K. Srinivasa , Ranjeeth N. , Suvitha A , Manjunatha M. , Sunil S. , Kumar S. Madan , Siddaraju B.P. , Shivrajkumar S , Alzubaidy Nabil Najib
Published: April 2024

Using the single crystal X-ray diffraction method, the title molecule ethyl-4-aminobenzoate oxalate monohydrate has been synthesized, crystallized and characterized. The Hirshfeld surfaces computational approach was used to analyze the intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure. The aforementioned compound crystallizes in a monoclinic crystal system of space group P21/c with the following cell parameters: a = 15.475(3), b = 5.7117(9), c = 14.029(3), = 101.764(6)º, V = 1214.0(4) 3 and Z = 4. The molecules in the crystal structure are connected by the N1-H1C···O7, O5-H2···O3, O7-H1···O4 and C8-H8A···Cg type intermolecular interaction, where Cg is the centroid of the ring. For the title molecule, the inter contact O···H (48.4%) contributes more to the Hirshfeld surfaces. The proton transfer from oxalic acid’s phenolic group to ethyl-4-aminobenzoate’s amine group, which results in the creation of salt, is revealed by the crystal structure. The ground state of ethyl-4-aminobenzoate oxalate monohydrate was also studied theoretically using the density functional method (DFT/B3LYP) with a basis set of 6–311++G(d,p). Charge transfer happens within the molecule, as shown by the computed HOMO and LUMO energies, DOS and MESP, as well as by the optimized molecular structure, electronic structural analysis and UV spectrum analysis.
In silico Analysis of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles as Potential BCL-2 Inhibitor for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Sonawane Ganesh , Sharma Shweta , Gilhotra Ritu
Published: April 2024

The possible efficacy of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitors for cancer treatment is investigated in this study using in silico approaches such as molecular docking, ADME and toxicity prediction. Molecular docking studies predict the binding affinities and binding modes of a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives with the BCL-2 protein. The results revealed that the compounds with strong interactions and favourable binding modes, indicating their potential as BCL-2 inhibitors. An ADMET analysis assesses the pharmacokinetic properties and potential toxicity of the identified compounds. Parameters such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) were evaluated to predict the suitability of these 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as drug candidates for cancer therapy. The integration of molecular docking and ADMET analysis data led to the identification and prioritization of lead compounds with potent BCL-2 inhibitory activity and favourable pharmacokinetic profiles. This research contributes to the on-going efforts in drug discovery, emphasizing the potential of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles as a class of compounds with significant anticancer properties through BCL-2 inhibition.
Antimicrobial Studies of Graphene Derivative Infused Polyaniline Nanocomposites
Authors: Praseetha P.N. , Nisma N.V. , Feba M.M.
Published: April 2024

This study explores the synthesis and antimicrobial properties of graphene-based polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites including pure PANI, PANI/graphene oxide (GO) and PANI/reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The composites were prepared using in situ and ex situ polymerization techniques. Characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the crystalline plane and prime characteristic peaks confirming nanocomposite formation. The antimicrobial properties were assessed using the Agar well-diffusion method against Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli. Pristine PANI exhibited higher bacterial inhibition zones compared to PANI/GO. Notably, PANI/rGO synthesized ex situ demonstrated superior antibacterial activity compared to in situ PANI/rGO composite.
Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Endophytic Streptomyces sp. CR 13 Isolated from the Roots of Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
Authors: Chinnaraju Chinnasamy , Ganesan Chinnaperamanoor Madhu , Prabakar Kandasamy , Lavanya A.R.
Published: April 2024

In this study, Streptomyces sp. CR 13 from the roots of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. was isolated and characterized using biochemical, morphological and genomic approaches. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized extracellularly using cell-free extract and characterized with UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), EDX, DLS and zeta potential techniques. The maximum peak of UV-visible spectroscopy was observed at 425 nm and the TEM images revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical in shape and ranged in size from 18 to 21 nm. DLS analysis revealed particles with an average diameter of 147.9 nm. The zeta potential analysis of biosynthesized AgNPs showed a peak at -35.2 mV, indicating their high stability. Moreover, AgNPs synthesized by endophytic Streptomyces showed significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Stphylococcus aureus.
Solubility of Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide and 1-Decene in Water, Toluene and Water-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone Biphasic Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Pagar N.S. , Deshpande R.M.
Published: April 2024

The solubility of carbon monoxide and hydrogen has been determined experimentally as a function of their pressure in toluene, water and water-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (70:30 v/v) mixtures in the 383-403 K temperature range. The value of Henry’s constant for hydrogen and carbon monoxide was determined in all three solvent systems. Pressure had a linear influence on all systems, as predicted by Henry’s law. Through experimentation, the solubility of 1-decene in the organic and aqueous phase was established. The experimental data for the liquid-liquid equilibrium of 1-decene in a toluene and water-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone mixture has been evaluated in the temperature range of 383-403 K. Temperature has a negligible effect on 1-decene solubility in the aqueous phase, but a significant effect in water-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (70:30 v/v) combination. The study of the solubility of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in organic and water-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone mixture can be used for the kinetic study.
Production and Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose Synthesized by Komagataeibacter sp. Isolated from Rotten Coconut Pulp
Authors: Srivastava Samriddh , Mathur Garima
Published: April 2024

Bacterial cellulose is a naturally occurring polysaccharide that is produced by acetic acid bacteria. It has become increasingly popular due to its numerous biotechnological applications. Bacterial cellulose is free from contaminants that are often associated with plant cellulose. This study aims at isolation of bacterial cellulose producing microbial strains from rotten fruits. The selected bacterial cellulose producer was identified using biochemical tests, including biochemical, carbohydrate fermentation, morphology, gram staining and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Furthermore, several different media were evaluated for higher production of cellulose. The produced cellulose sheets were washed, purified and characterized using various analytical techniques, including FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. A potential high bacterial cellulose yielding microbial strain was isolated from coconut pulp waste and identified as Komagataeibacter saccharivorans strain BC-C1 using 16S rRNA sequencing. Effect of media components on bacterial cellulose production was studied. The isolate yielded 0.52 g/100 mL with Hestrin-Schramm (HS) culture media (designated as M1) and 1.10 g/100 mL in M5 media. The physico-chemical characterization demonstrated that produced bacterial cellulose sheets show characteristics IR bands and three-dimensional fibrillar interconnected network structure. The study revealed that isolated Komagataeibacter saccharivorans strain BC-C1 can be utilized for large scale production of bacterial cellulose.