bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Projecting a Critique of Stigma Associated With Dementia on Screen: The Impact of a Canadian Film on the Importance of Relational Caring in the Community
Authors: Kontos Pia , Grigorovich Alisa , Dupuis Sherry L , Colobong Romeo , Gray Julia , Jonas-Simpson Christine , Serota Alexine
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives

Relational caring has the capacity to reduce stigma associated with dementia by shifting the focus from dysfunction and behavior management, to attending to the interdependencies and reciprocities that underpin caring relationships, and making explicit the centrality of relationships to quality care, growth, and quality of life. Education, particularly arts-based approaches, has been identified as a key strategy to decrease stigma. Yet rarely are the arts utilized in educational initiatives, and particularly so in community care settings. With an interest in redressing this, our team evaluated the impact of a Canadian filmed research-based drama—Cracked: new light on dementia—about stigma associated with people living with dementia and their families.

Research Design and Methods

We conducted interviews with family carers of people living with dementia and formal care providers affiliated with community-based dementia care, and also the general public at 3 and 8 months postscreening.

Results

Our analysis of participants’ perceptions/experiences illustrates the effectiveness of Cracked in reducing stigma by demonstrating changes in the understanding of dementia and changes in practice. Our analysis also includes attention to how the film, as a form of cultural production, deepened engagement and facilitated transformation.

Discussion and Implications

Our evaluation of Cracked demonstrates that it is an effective strategy for decreasing the stigma associated with dementia by promoting relational caring. It also importantly contributes to the theoretical literature that supports film-based approaches to stigma reduction.
Gut Microbiota Composition in Long-Remission Ulcerative Colitis is Close to a Healthy Gut Microbiota
Authors: Herrera-deGuise Claudia , Varela Encarna , Sarrabayrouse Guillaume , Pozuelo del Río Marta , Alonso Virginia Robles , Sainz Natalia Borruel , Casellas Francesc , Mayorga Luis Fernando , Manichanh Chaysavanh , Vidaur Fernando Azpiroz , Guarner Francisco
Published: April 2023

Background

Microbiome studies report low gut microbial richness and diversity in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. We explored whether UC patients who reach long-term clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission show a gut microbial ecosystem that is similar to healthy individuals.

Methods

We collected 184 stool samples from 111 individuals (UC patients in long remission, short remission, flare, and healthy control subjects). Microbiota was analyzed by amplicon sequencing (16S ribosomal RNA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for specific taxa. All UC remission patients were followed-up for 2 years.

Findings

A drop in species diversity and richness, underrepresentation of butyrate producers, and gain of potentially harmful bacteria were significantly detected in samples from disease-flare and short-remission patients. In contrast, Chao1 and Shannon indexes of diversity did not differ among patients in long remission and healthy control subjects. Long-remission patients also presented fecal bacterial composition closer to that in healthy control subjects. There was a positive correlation between Akkermansia muciniphila abundance and time in remission (rs = 0.53, P < .001). Logistic regression analysis showed that a high Shannon index (odds ratio, 4.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-20.6) or presence of A. muciniphila (odds ratio, 4.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-29.08) in fecal samples at entry was independently associated with clinical remission over a follow-up period of 24 months.

Interpretation

UC patients who achieve long-term remission show evidence of substantial recovery of the gut microbial ecosystem in terms of diversity and composition. Recovery may just reflect adequate control of inflammatory activity, but higher bacterial diversity or the presence of A. muciniphila in fecal samples predicts flare-free outcomes.
A systematic literature review on solution approaches for the index tracking problem
Authors: Silva Julio Cezar Soares , de Almeida Filho Adiel Teixeira
Published: April 2023

Accepted by: Giorgio Consigli

The passive management approach offers conservative investors a way to reduce risk concerning the market. This investment strategy aims at replicating a specific index, such as the NASDAQ Composite or the FTSE100 index. The problem is that buying all the index’s assets incurs high rebalancing costs, and this harms future returns. The index tracking problem concerns building a portfolio that follows a specific benchmark with fewer transaction costs. Since a subset of assets is required to solve the index problem this class of problems is NP-hard, and in the past years, researchers have been studying solution approaches to obtain more practical tracking portfolios. This work brings an analysis, spanning the last three decades, of the advances in mathematical approaches for index tracking. The systematic literature review covered important issues, such as the most relevant research areas, solution methods and model structures. Special attention was given to the exploration and analysis of metaheuristics applied to the index tracking problem.
EngenderingSlave Religion: Methodology Beyond the Invisible Institution
Authors: Wells-Oghoghomeh Alexis
Published: April 2023

This article argues for a deprioritization of religious tradition in favor of practice-centered approaches to the study of religion among enslaved people in the United States as a means of rendering the African Atlantic and gendered dimensions more legible. In the wake of W.E.B. Du Bois’s famous argument for “the preacher, the music, and the frenzy” as the constitutive elements of African American religiosity in slavery, the historiography of slave religion has largely revolved around institutional manifestations of religion and the figures who powered them. To this end, religious traditions rooted in institutional models—with centralized authority figures, defined rites, and performative parameters—often serve as indices of religion among the enslaved. Surveying the historiography of slave religion, this article explores how the methodological prioritization of religious traditions has left the religious histories of women and others who resided outside of androcentric, heteronormative institutional frameworks largely hidden in the metanarrative of US religion and slavery. Methodologies aimed at the study of practices apart from institutions, however, prove generative for the recovery of woman-gendered and African Atlantic religious histories in the US South.
Dynamic Evolution of Retroviral Envelope Genes in Egg-Laying Mammalian Genomes
Authors: Kitao Koichi , Shoji Hiyori , Miyazawa Takayuki , Nakagawa So
Published: April 2023

Independently acquired envelope (env) genes from endogenous retroviruses have contributed to the placental trophoblast cell–cell fusion in therian mammals. Egg-laying mammals (monotremes) are an important sister clade for understanding mammalian placental evolution, but the env genes in their genomes have yet to be investigated. Here, env-derived open reading frames (env-ORFs) encoding more than 400 amino acid lengths were searched in the genomes of two monotremes: platypus and echidna. Only two env-ORFs were present in the platypus genome, whereas 121 env-ORFs were found in the echidna genome. The echidna env-ORFs were phylogenetically classified into seven groups named env-Tac1 to -Tac7. Among them, the env-Tac1 group contained only a single gene, and its amino acid sequence showed high similarity to those of the RD114/simian type D retroviruses. Using the pseudotyped virus assay, we demonstrated that the Env-Tac1 protein utilizes echidna sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter type 1 and 2 (ASCT1 and ASCT2) as entry receptors. Moreover, the Env-Tac1 protein caused cell–cell fusion in human 293T cells depending on the expression of ASCT1 and ASCT2. These results illustrate that fusogenic env genes are not restricted to placental mammals, providing insights into the evolution of retroviral genes and the placenta.
Do Insiders Hire CEOs with High Managerial Talent?
Authors: Kotter Jason D , Larkin Yelena
Published: April 2023

We examine the effect of the composition of the board of directors on the firm’s chief executive officer (CEO) hiring decision. Using a novel measure of managerial talent, characterized by an individual’s ascent in the corporate hierarchy, we show that firms with non-CEO inside directors tend to hire CEOs with greater managerial skills. This effect obtains for both internal and external CEO hires; moreover, the effect is pronounced when inside directors have stronger reputational incentives and limited access to soft information about the candidate. Our findings demonstrate that boards with inside directors more effectively screen for managerial talent, thereby improving the CEO hiring process.
Efficacy of Remotely Delivered Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Series of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Best Michael W , Romanowska Sylvia , Zhou Ying , Wang Linbo , Leibovitz Talia , Onno Karin A , Jagtap Shreya , Bowie Christopher R
Published: April 2023

Background

Schizophrenia is among the most persistent and debilitating mental health conditions worldwide. The American Psychological Association (APA) has identified 10 psychosocial treatments with evidence for treating schizophrenia and these treatments are typically provided in person. However, in-person services can be challenging to access for people living in remote geographic locations. Remote treatment delivery is an important option to increase access to services; however, it is unclear whether evidence-based treatments for schizophrenia are similarly effective when delivered remotely.

Study Design

The current study consists of a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining the evidence-base for remote-delivery of each of the 10 APA evidence-based treatments for schizophrenia.

Results

Of the 10 treatments examined, only cognitive remediation (CR), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and family psychoeducation had more than 2 studies examining their efficacy for remote delivery. Remote delivery of CBT produced moderate effects on symptoms (g = 0.43) and small effects on functioning (g = 0.26). Remote delivery of CR produced small-moderate effects on neurocognition (g = 0.35) and small effects on functioning (g = 0.21). There were insufficient studies of family psychoeducation with equivalent outcome measures to assess quantitatively, however, studies of remotely delivered family psychoeducation suggested that it is feasible, acceptable, and potentially effective.

Conclusions

Overall, the evidence-base for remotely delivered treatment for schizophrenia is limited. Studies to date suggest that remote adaptations may be effective; however, more rigorous trials are needed to assess efficacy and methods of remote delivery that are most effective.
Incidence and Persistence of Psychotic Experiences in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Staines Lorna , Healy Colm , Murphy Felim , Byrne Jonah , Murphy Jennifer , Kelleher Ian , Cotter David , Cannon Mary
Published: April 2023

Background and Hypothesis

Psychotic experiences (PEs) are associated with increased risk for mental disorders, in particular persistent PEs. PEs therefore might be useful within intervention research. We sought to systematically determine the incidence and persistence of PEs in the general population.

Study Design

A double-blind search of databases (Embase, Pubmed PMC, Psychinfo, Medline, and Web of Science) from inception to January 2023 and data extraction, were conducted. Study quality was assessed using the NIH assessment tool. Random effects models were conducted to calculate pooled incidence rate per person-year and proportion of persistent PEs per year. Age and study design were all examined using subgroup analyses. Demographic, risk factors, and outcomes for incidence and persistence of PEs were reported in a narrative synthesis.

Study Results

Using a double-blind screening method for abstract (k = 5763) and full text (k = 250) were screened. In total 91 samples from 71 studies were included, of which 39 were included in a meta-analysis (incidence: k = 17, n = 56 089; persistence: k = 22, n = 81 847). Incidence rate was 0.023 per person-year (95% CI [0.0129;0.0322]). That is, for every 100 people, 2 reported first onset PEs in a year. This was highest in adolescence at 5 per 100(13–17 years). The pooled persistence rate for PEs was 31.0% (95% CI [26.65,35.35]) This was highest in adolescence at 35.8%. Cannabis was particularly associated with incidence of PEs, and persistence of PEs were associated with multiple mental disorders.

Conclusions

Each year incidence of PEs is 2 of every 100 people, and persists each year in 31% of cases, this risk is highest in adolescents.
Imaging in pediatric spondyloarthritis
Authors: Carol Hallie A. , Chauvin Nancy A. , Weiss Pamela F.
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review

Imaging is used in the diagnosis of peripheral and axial disease in juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA). Imaging of the joints and entheses in children and adolescents can be challenging for those unfamiliar with the appearance of the maturing skeleton. These differences are key for rheumatologists and radiologists to be aware of.

Recent findings

In youth, skeletal variation during maturation makes the identification of arthritis, enthesitis, and sacroiliitis difficult. A great effort has been put forward to define imaging characteristics seen in healthy children in order to more accurately identify disease. Additionally, there are novel imaging modalities on the horizon that are promising to further differentiate normal physiologic changes versus disease.

This review describes the current state of imaging, limitations, and future imaging modalities in youth, with key attention to differences in imaging interpretation of the peripheral joints, entheses, and sacroiliac joint in youth and adults.
The Context of Caregiving in Heart Failure
Authors: Abshire Saylor Martha , DeGroot Lyndsay , Pavlovic Noelle , McIlvennan Colleen K. , Taylor Janiece , Gilotra Nisha A. , Gallo Joseph J. , Davidson Patricia M. , Wolff Jennifer L. , Szanton Sarah L.
Published: April 2023

Background

Caregiving for persons with heart failure (HF) varies based on the individual, family, and home contexts of the dyad, yet the dyadic context of HF caregiving is poorly understood.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore dyadic perspectives on the context of caregiving for persons with HF.

Methods

Family caregivers and persons with HF completed surveys and semistructured interviews. Investigators also photographed caregiving areas to complement home environment data. Descriptive qualitative analysis resulted in 7 contextual domains, and each domain was rated as strength, need, or neutral. We grouped dyads by number of challenging domains of context, categorizing dyads as high (≥3 domains), moderate (1–2 domains), or minimal (0 domains) needs. Quantitative instruments included the 36-item Short Form Health Survey, ENRICHD Social Support, HF Symptom Severity, and Zarit Burden Interview. We applied the average score of each quantitative measure to the groups derived from the qualitative analysis to integrate data in a joint display.

Results

The most common strength was the dyadic relationship, and the most challenging domain was caregiving intensity. Every dyad had at least 2 domains of strengths. Of 12 dyads, high-needs dyads (n = 3) had the worst average score for 7 of 10 instruments including caregiver and patient factors. The moderate-needs dyads (n = 6) experienced the lowest caregiver social support and mental health, and the highest burden.

Conclusion

Strengths and needs were evident in all patient-caregiver dyads with important distinctions in levels of need based on assessment of multiple contextual domains. Comprehensive dyadic and home assessments may improve understanding of unmet needs and improve intervention tailoring.
An Assessment of Clinical Mentorship for Quality Improvement: The African Health Professions Regional Collaborative for Nurses and Midwives
Authors: Drayton Courtney S. , Spangler Sydney A. , Lipato Thoko , Robinson Marissa , Mukenge Muadi , Waudo Agnes N. , Gross Jessica
Published: April 2023

The African Regional Collaborative for nurses and midwives funded quality improvement projects in five countries to enhance clinical mentorship programs supporting HIV service delivery for women, infants, and children. Each country team implemented specific interventions focused on the application of nurse-initiated and managed antiretroviral therapy guidelines and competencies. A site-level tool, the nursing practice framework, measured structural maturation in clinical mentorship programs across five stages at eight facilities. Clinical competencies that aligned with the framework were evaluated through a provider-level knowledge assessment to identify on-going needs for mentees before and after the implementation period. Key trends observed in the assessment include positive program progression for all facilities; competencies were higher for pregnant and breastfeeding women and lower for HIV-exposed infants; there was an increase in posttest participation for all facilities. The nursing practice framework provides a rapid assessment of structural changes and exploration of context to identify quality improvement needs.
Effects of core strengthening on balance in patients with hip osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dalmas Ilona , Sciriha Anabel , Camilleri Liberato , Agius Tonio
Published: April 2023

Osteoarthritis is a condition commonly present in the elderly, with many having altered balance, aggravated with weak lower limb and core musculature predisposing them to falls. Despite the knowledge about the link between balance and core stability, studies investigating the importance of core stability exercise and their impact on balance are limited. Therefore, the authors aimed to explore whether core strengthening exercises in combination with hip exercises, when compared to a hip exercise programme and a control group, led to better improvements in balance in patients with hip osteoarthritis. In order to meet these aims, this paper reports the outcomes of a randomized, three-arm parallel, assessor-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Fifty-one participants awaiting a total hip replacement were recruited into this study. All patients were randomly allocated to a control, hip exercise group and hip and core exercise group. All participants were assessed for core muscle strength using a pressure biofeedback unit and balance using the four-stage balance test. The control group had no intervention. A 12-week hip and core exercise programme did not result in improvements over and above the hip exercise group in balance scores. However an improvement in core stability was noted for the hip and core exercise group (P = 0.001). Therefore, this study concluded that both exercise groups are resulted in improved balance with the core and hip exercise group noted to have added improvements, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant.
Genetically proxied therapeutic effect of metformin use, blood pressure and hypertension’s risk: A drug-target based Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Jiang Junhong , Hu Di , Zhang Qi , Lin Zenan ,   The μ- Biomedical Data Investigation Group (Mu-BioDig)
Published: April 2023

AIMS

Previous investigations on clarifying the metformin’s effect on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension provided inconsistent results. To evaluate the association of the genetically proxied effect of metformin drug targets on BP and risk of hypertension through a drug-target Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.

METHODS

32 instrumental variables for five metformin targets (i.e., AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), mitochondrial glycerol 3 (MG3), Mitochondrial complex I (MCI) and glucagon (GCG)) were introduced to the MR analysis on the outcome datasets of hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). The meta-analyses were conducted to acquire the general effect of the genetically proxied metformin use on hypertension risk and blood pressure.

RESULTS

The MR analyses demonstrated that the MCI- and MG3-specific metformin’s use would significantly reduce SBP, DBP, and the risk of hypertension. The meta-analyses showed that the genetically proxied metformin’s use equivalent to a 6.75 mmol/mol reduction on HbA1c could decrease both the SBP (Beta=-1.05, P <0.001) and DBP (Beta=-0.51, P=0.096). Furthermore, metformin’s use was also implied to reduce the risk of hypertension in two independent cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS

Metformin use may reduce blood pressure and hypertension risk. The MG3- and MCI-dependent metformin’s effect may play key roles in the anti-hypertension function.
The impact of rural alimentation on community health workers’ motivation and retention in Jharkhand, India
Authors: Kerketta Ajit , A.N Raghavendra
Published: April 2023

Community Health Workers (CHWs) play a crucial role in delivering primary healthcare services in rural areas of Jharkhand, India. However, high attrition rates among CHWs have been reported due to several factors, including low motivation. This study aimed to assess the impact of rural alimentation on CHWs’ motivation and retention in Jharkhand. The study used a qualitative case research technique to understand the experiences and services provided by healthcare professionals working in rural health clinics in Jharkhand.

The study found that CHWs with a diverse and nutritious diet were more motivated to serve in rural Community Health Centers (CHCs). CHWs reported better environmental and organic food habits, increased energy levels, and a sense of well-being after incorporating local and traditional foods into their diet. The study also found that providing food supplements and nutrition education improved CHWs’ knowledge and confidence in promoting healthy eating habits among the rural population. The findings suggest that rural alimentation can play a vital role in improving CHWs’ motivation and retention, ultimately leading to better healthcare outcomes for rural communities. Therefore, policymakers and healthcare managers should consider incorporating food and nutrition interventions as part of the CHWs’ support package to improve their well-being and performance in delivering healthcare services in rural areas of Jharkhand.
Use of Artificial Intelligence for Acquisition of Limited Echocardiograms: A Randomized Controlled Trial for Educational Outcomes
Authors: Baum Evan , Tandel Megha D. , Ren Casey , Weng Yingjie , Pascucci Matthew , Kugler John , Cardoza Kathryn , Kumar Andre
Published: April 2023

Background

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) machines may utilize artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance image interpretation and acquisition. This study investigates whether AI-enabled devices improve competency among POCUS novices.

Methods

We conducted a randomized controlled trial at a single academic institution from 2021-2022. Internal medicine trainees (N=43) with limited POCUS experience were randomized to receive a POCUS device with (Echonous, N=22) or without (Butterfly, N=21) AI-functionality for two weeks while on an inpatient rotation. The AI-device provided automatic labeling of cardiac structures, guidance for optimal probe placement to acquire cardiac views, and ejection fraction estimations. Participants were allowed to use the devices at their discretion for patient-related care.

The primary outcome was the time to acquire an apical 4-chamber (A4C) image. Secondary outcomes included A4C image quality using the modified Rapid Assessment for Competency in Echocardiography (RACE) scale, correct identification of pathology, and participant attitudes. Measurements were performed at the time of randomization and at two-week follow-up. All scanning assessments were performed on the same standardized patient.

Results

Both AI and non-AI groups had similar scan times and image quality scores at baseline. At follow-up, the AI group had faster scan times (72 seconds [IQR 38-85] vs. 85 seconds [IQR 54-166]; p=0.01), higher image quality scores (4.5 [IQR 2-5.5] vs. 2 [IQR 1-3]; p<0.01) and correctly identified reduced systolic function more often (85% vs 50%; p=0.02) compared to the non-AI group. Trust in the AI features did not differ between the groups pre- or post-intervention. The AI group did not report increased confidence in their abilities to obtain or interpret cardiac images.

Conclusions

POCUS devices with AI features may improve image acquisition and interpretation by novices. Future studies are needed to determine the extent that AI impacts POCUS learning.
Redefining rock doves,Columba livia, using historical whole genome sequences
Authors: Hernández-Alonso Germán , Ramos-Madrigal Jazmín , Pacheco George , van Grouw Hein , Cavill Emily Louisa , Ciucani Marta Maria , Sinding Mikkel-Holger S. , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Gilbert M. Thomas P.
Published: April 2023

The domestic pigeon’s exceptional phenotypic diversity was key in developing Darwin’s Theory of Evolution and establishing the concept of artificial selection in domestic species. However, unlike its domestic counterpart, its wild progenitor, the rock doveColumba livia, has received considerably less attention. Therefore, questions regarding their domestication, evolution, taxonomy, and conservation status remain unresolved. We generated whole-genome sequencing data from 65 historical rock dove samples representing all currently recognised subspecies and spanning the species’ original geographic distribution. Our dataset includes three specimens from Darwin’s collection and the type specimens of five different taxa. We characterised rock doves’ population structure, genomic diversity and gene-flow patterns. We show the West African subspeciesC. l. gymnocyclusis basal to rock doves and domestic pigeons. Our results show gene-flow signals between the rock dove’s sister speciesC. rupestrisand all rock doves except the West African populations. Our results led us to propose an evolutionary model for the rock dove considering the Pleistocene refugia theory. We propose that today’s rock dove genetic diversity and introgression patterns derive from a history of allopatric cycles and dispersion waves during the Quaternary glacial and interglacial periods. To explore the rock dove domestication history, we combined our new dataset with available genomes from domestic pigeons. Our results point to at least one domestication event in the Levant region that gave rise to all domestic breeds analysed in this study. Finally, we propose a species-level taxonomic arrangement to reflect the evolutionary history of the West African rock dove populations.
Proteasome gene expression is controlled by the coordinated functions of multiple transcription factors
Authors: Gilda Jennifer E. , Nahar Asrafun , Kasiviswanathan Dharanibalan , Tropp Nadav , Gilinski Tamar , Lahav Tamar , Mandel-Gutfreund Yael , Park Soyeon , Cohen Shenhav
Published: April 2023

Proteasome activity is crucial for cellular integrity, but how tissues adjust proteasome content in response to catabolic stimuli is uncertain. Here, we demonstrate that transcriptional coordination by multiple transcription factors is required to increase proteasome content and activate proteolysis in catabolic states. Using denervated mouse muscle as a model system for accelerated proteolysisin vivo, we reveal that a two-phase transcriptional program activates genes encoding proteasome subunits and assembly chaperones to boost an increase in proteasome content. Initially, gene induction is necessary to maintain basal proteasome levels, and in a more delayed phase (7-10 d after denervation) it stimulates proteasome assembly to meet cellular demand for excessive proteolysis. Intriguingly, the transcription factors PAX4 and α-PALNRF-1control the expression of proteasome among other genes in a combinatorial manner, driving cellular adaptation to muscle denervation. Consequently, PAX4 and α-PALNRF-1represent new therapeutic targets to inhibit proteolysis in catabolic diseases (e.g. type-2 diabetes, cancer).
Associated socio-demographic and psychological factors of childhood overprotection/overcontrol experiences among Chinese university students: a nationwide survey
Authors: Zhang Jiamei , Wu Zhipeng , Tao Haojuan , Chen Min , Yu Miaoyu , Zhou Liang , Sun Meng , Lv Dongsheng , Cui Guangcheng , Yi Qizhong , Tang Hong , An Cuixia , Liu Zhening , Huang Xiaojun , Long Yicheng
Published: April 2023

The childhood experiences of being overprotected and overcontrolled by family members have been suggested to be potentially traumatic. However, the possible associated factors of these experiences among young people are still not well studied. This study aimed to investigate the possible associated factors of childhood overprotection/overcontrol (OP/OC) experiences in young populations in a relatively large, nationwide sample of Chinese university students. A total of 5,823 university students across nine different provinces in China were recruited and included in the data analyses. All participants completed the OP/OC subscale in a recently developed 33-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33) to assess their OP/OC experiences. Data were also collected on socio-demographic information and multiple psychological characteristics of all participants. Binary logistic regression was conducted to investigate the associated factors of OP/OC. The prevalence of childhood OP/OC was estimated as 15.63% (910/5,823) based on a cutoff of OP/OC subscale score ≥ 13. Binary logistic regression suggested that being male, being a single child, having depression, having psychotic-like experiences, lower family functioning, and lower psychological resilience were independently associated with childhood OP/OC experiences (all corrected-p<0.05). The OP/OC was also positively associated with all the other trauma subtypes (abuses and neglects) in the CTQ-33. Post-hoc analyses suggested that OP/OC experiences were associated with depression in only females, and associated with anxiety in only males. Our results may provide initial evidence that childhood OP/OC experiences would have negative effects on young people’s mental health which merits further investigations, especially in clinical populations.
Optimization of Cas12a for multiplexed genome-scale transcriptional activation
Authors: Griffith Audrey L , Zheng Fengyi , McGee Abby V , Miller Nathan , Szegletes Zsofia M , Reint Ganna , Gademann Fabian , Nwolah Ifunanya , Hegde Mudra , Liu Yanjing V , Goodale Amy , Doench John G
Published: April 2023

Cas12a CRISPR technology, unlike Cas9, allows for facile multiplexing of guide RNAs from a single transcript, simplifying combinatorial perturbations. While Cas12a has been implemented for multiplexed knockout genetic screens, it has yet to be optimized for CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) screens in human cells. Here we develop a new Cas12a-based transactivation domain (TAD) recruitment system using the ALFA nanobody and demonstrate simultaneous activation of up to four genes. We screen a genome-wide library to identify modulators of growth and MEK inhibition and we compare these results to those obtained with open reading frame (ORF) overexpression and Cas9-based CRISPRa. We find that the activity of multiplexed arrays is largely predictable from the best-performing guide and provide criteria for selecting active guides. We anticipate that these results will greatly accelerate the exploration of gene function and combinatorial phenotypes at scale.
SEL1L-HRD1 interaction is prerequisite for the formation of a functional HRD1 ERAD complex
Authors: Lin Liangguang Leo , Wei Xiaoqiong , Wang Huilun Helen , Pederson Brent , Torres Mauricio , Lu You , Li Zexin Jason , Liu Xiaodan , Mao Hancheng , Wang Hui , Zhao Zhen , Sun Shengyi , Qi Ling
Published: April 2023

The SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex represents the most conserved branch of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD); however, definitive evidence for the importance of SEL1L in HRD1 ERAD is lacking. Here we report that attenuation of the interaction between SEL1L and HRD1 impairs HRD1 ERAD function and has pathological consequences in mice. Our data show thatSEL1Lvariantp.Ser658Pro(SEL1LS658P) previously identified in Finnish Hound suffering cerebellar ataxia is a recessive hypomorphic mutation, causing partial embryonic lethality, developmental delay, and early-onset cerebellar ataxia in homozygous mice carrying the bi-allelic variant. Mechanistically,SEL1LS658Pvariant attenuates the SEL1L-HRD1 interaction and causes HRD1 dysfunction by generating electrostatic repulsion between SEL1L F668 and HRD1 Y30 residues. Proteomic screens of SEL1L and HRD1 interactomes revealed that the SEL1L-HRD1 interaction is prerequisite for the formation of a functional HRD1 ERAD complex, as SEL1L recruits not only the lectins OS9 and ERLEC1, but the E2 UBE2J1 and retrotranslocon DERLIN, to HRD1. These data underscore the pathophysiological importance and disease relevance of the SEL1L-HRD1 complex, and identify a key step in organizing the HRD1 ERAD complex.
Building functional circuits in multispecies brains
Authors: Throesch Benjamin T. , Khadeesh bin Imtiaz Muhammad , Muñoz-Castañeda Rodrigo , Sakurai Masahiro , Hartzell Andrea L. , James Kiely N. , Rodriguez Alberto R. , Martin Greg , Lippi Giordano , Kupriyanov Sergey , Wu Zhuhao , Osten Pavel , Izpisua Belmonte Juan Carlos , Wu Jun , Baldwin Kristin K.
Published: April 2023

The genome is the ultimate architect of the brain. Its evolutionary variations build the neural circuits that endow each species with its innate senses and behaviors. A central question for neuroscience and translational medicine is whether neural circuits from two species can be made to function in an intact brain. Here, we establish genetic tools and use blastocyst complementation to selectively build and test interspecies neural circuits in rat-mouse brains. Despite ∼10-20 million years of evolution and prominent differences in brain size and cellular composition, rat pluripotent stem cells injected into mouse blastocysts widely populate and persist in the mouse brain. Unexpectedly, the mouse niche reprograms the birthdates of cortical and hippocampal rat neurons, where they also form synaptically active rat-mouse circuits. By genetically disabling host olfactory circuitry, we show that rat neurons restore synaptic information flow from the nose to the cortex. Rat neurons can also rescue a primal olfactory behavior (food-seeking), though less than mouse controls. By enabling a mouse to sense the world with rat neurons, we highlight the power of interspecies neural blastocyst complementation to uncover mechanisms of neural circuit development and evolution, and to inform efforts to rescue neural circuits affected by injury or disease.
High-resolution tracking of unconfined zebrafish behavior reveals stimulatory and anxiolytic effects of psilocybin
Authors: Braun Dotan , Rosenberg Ayelet , Haruvi Ravid , Malamud Dorel , Barbara Rani , Kawashima Takashi
Published: April 2023

Serotonergic psychedelics are emerging therapeutics for psychiatric disorders, yet their underlying mechanisms of action in the brain remain largely elusive. Zebrafish have evolutionarily conserved serotonergic circuits and subcortical targets such as the brainstem regions and the cerebellum, providing a promising model for studying the subcortical effects of serotonergic drugs. Here, we developed a wide-field behavioral tracking system for larval zebrafish and investigated the effects of psilocybin, a psychedelic serotonin receptor agonist. Machine learning analyses of precise body kinematics identified latent behavioral states reflecting spontaneous exploration, visually-driven rapid swimming, and irregular swim patterns following stress exposure. Using this method, we identified two main behavioral effects of acute psilocybin treatment: [i] increased rapid swimming in the absence of visual stimuli and [ii] prevention of irregular swim patterns following stress exposure. Together, these effects indicate that psilocybin induces a brain state that is both stimulatory and anxiolytic. These findings pave the way for using larval zebrafish to elucidate subcortical mechanisms underlying the behavioral effects of serotonergic psychedelics.
Risk assessment method for controlled flight into terrain of airlines based on QAR data
Authors: Guo Chaochao , Sun Youchao , Su Siyu , Peng Chong
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the risk of controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) for airlines and to develop a practical method for evaluating and predicting CFIT risk to ensure safe and efficient airline operations.

Design/methodology/approach

In accordance with the monitoring project specification issued by the Flight Standards Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), a preliminary draft of evaluation indicators for CFIT risk was developed based on the literature review and semi-structured interviews. Fifteen aviation experts were then selected and invited to participate in a Delphi method to revise the draft. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method were used to determine the combined weight of the indicators. The variable fuzzy set model and quick access recorder (QAR) data were applied to evaluate the CFIT risk of an airline from 2007 to 2018, and the classification results were compared with actual operational data.

Findings

The research findings reveal that the six most significant monitoring items affecting CFIT risk are incorrect configuration settings during landing, loss of altitude during climbing, ground proximity warning, G/S deviation, flap extension delay during landing and incorrect takeoff configuration. The CFIT risk of airlines has shown an increasing trend since 2015. The values in 2010, 2017 and 2018 were greater than 2 and less than 2.5, indicating that the CFIT risk is at Level 2, close to Level 3, and the risk is low but approaching medium.

Practical implications

Using the combination weight determined by AHP and entropy weight method to rank the weight of 15 monitoring items, airlines can take necessary measures (simulator training, knowledge training) to reduce the occurrence of monitoring items with high weight to reduce CFIT risk. This risk assessment method can quantitatively evaluate the CFIT risk of airlines and provide theoretical guidance and technical support for airlines to formulate safety management measures and flight training programs, enabling the interconnection between QAR data and flight quality.

Originality/value

The proposed method in this study differs from traditional approaches by offering a quantitative assessment of CFIT risk for airlines and enabling the interconnection between QAR data and flight quality.
Examining the impact of resilience strategies in mitigating medicine shortages in the United Kingdom's (UK) pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC)
Authors: Vann Yaroson Emilia , Breen Liz , Hou Jiachen , Sowter Julie
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Medicine shortages have a detrimental impact on stakeholders in the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC). Existing studies suggest that building resilience strategies can mitigate the effects of these shortages. As such, this research aims to examine whether resilience strategies can reduce the impact of medicine shortages in the United Kingdom's (UK) PSC.

Design/methodology/approach

A sequential mixed-methods approach that involved qualitative and quantitative research enquiry was employed in this study. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 23 key UK PSC actors at the qualitative stage. During the quantitative phase, 106 respondents completed the survey questionnaires. The data were analysed using partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The results revealed that reactive and proactive elements of resilience strategies helped tackle medicine shortages. Reactive strategies increased relational issues such as behavioural uncertainty, whilst proactive strategies mitigated them.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that PSC managers and decision-makers can benefit from adopting structural flexibility and proactive strategies, which are cost-effective measures to tackle medicine shortages. Also engaging in strategic alliances as a proactive strategy mitigates relational issues that may arise in a complex supply chain (SC).

Originality/value

This study is the first to provide empirical evidence of the impact of resilience strategies in mitigating medicine shortages in the UK's PSC.
The social construction of systemic risk: towards an actionable framework for risk governance
Authors: Maskrey Andrew , Jain Garima , Lavell Allan
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper explores the building blocks of risk governance systems that are equipped to manage systemic risk in the 21st century. Whilst approaches to risk governance have been evolving for more than a decade, recent disasters have shown that conventional risk management solutions need to be complemented with a multidimensional risk approach to govern complex risks and prevent major, often simultaneous, crises with cascading and knock-on effects on multiple, interrelated systems at scale. The paper explores which risk governance innovations will be essential to provide the enabling environment for sustainable development that is resilient to interrelated shocks and risks.

Design/methodology/approach

This interdisciplinary literature review-based thought piece highlights how systemic risk is socially constructed and identifies guiding principles for systemic risk governance that could be actionable by and provide entry points for local and national governments, civil society and the private sector. particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), in a way that is relevant to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This considers preparedness, response and resilience, but more importantly prospective and corrective risk control and reduction strategies and mechanisms. Only when systemic risk is framed in a way that is relevant to the political agendas of countries will it be possible to begin a dialogue for its governance.

Findings

The paper identifies opportunities at the global, national and local levels, which together draw up a viable framework for systemic risk governance that (1) embraces the governance of sustainability and resilience through a strengthened holistic governance framework for social, economic, territorial and environmental development; (2) improves managing conventional risk to ultimately manage systemic risks; (3) fosters the understanding of vulnerability and exposure to gain insight into systemic risk; (4) places a greater focus on prospective risk management; (5) manages systemic risk in local infrastructure systems, supply chains and ecosystems; (6) shifts the focus from protecting privatized gains to managing socialized risk.

Originality/value

The choices and actions that societies take on the path of their development are contributing intentionally or unintentionally to the construction of systemic risks, which result in knock-on effects among interconnected social, environmental, political and economic systems. These risks are manifesting in major crises with cascading effects and a real potential to undermine the achievement of the SDGs, as COVID-19 is a stark reminder of. This paper offers the contours of a new risk governance paradigm that is able to navigate the new normal in a post-COVID world and is equipped to manage systemic risk.
Predicting psychologists’ approach to academic reciprocity and data sharing with a theory of collective action
Authors: Lee Tae Hee , Jung Mina , Kim Youngseek
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the data sharing habits of psychologists with respect to academic reciprocity.

Design/methodology/approach

A research model was developed based on Ostrom’s (2003) theory of collective action to map psychologists’ underlying motivations for data sharing. The model was validated by data from a survey of 427 psychologists, primarily from the psychological sciences and related disciplines.

Findings

This study found that data sharing among psychologists is driven primarily by their perceptions of community benefits, academic reciprocity and the norms of data sharing. This study also found that academic reciprocity is significantly influenced by psychologists’ perceptions of community benefits, academic reputation and the norms of data sharing. Both academic reputation and academic reciprocity are affected by psychologists’ prior experiences with data reuse. Additionally, psychologists’ perceptions of community benefits and the norms of data sharing are significantly affected by the perception of their academic reputation.

Research limitations/implications

This study suggests that Ostrom’s (2003) theory of collective action can provide a new theoretical lens in understanding psychologists’ data sharing behaviours.

Practical implications

This study suggests several practical implications for the design and promotion of data sharing in the research community of psychology.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the initial studies that applied the theory of collective action to the mechanisms of reputation, community benefits, norms and reciprocity in psychologists’ data sharing behaviour. This research demonstrates that perceived community benefits, academic reputation and the norms of data sharing can all encourage academic reciprocity, and psychologists’ perceptions of community benefits, academic reciprocity and data sharing norms all facilitate their data sharing intentions.
Information seeking, sharing behaviour, and copyright violations among students in India in the digital age
Authors: A. Subaveerapandiyan , Sinha Priyanka , Kumari Madhuri , Amees Mohammad
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The present study investigates information-sharing behaviour and awareness of students towards the infringement of copyright and associated rights while information sharing. The purpose of this study is to seek answers to the issue of whether or not students infringe on the rights of others and, if they do, whether they do so deliberately or unwittingly. Even though the Copyright Act and copyrighted works are often disregarded, students, teachers and peers are long-term trading and adapting new e-resources for their use.

Design/methodology/approach

The study collected data from students in India through a survey using Google Forms from January 2022 to May 2022. It analysed it using SPSS software to identify behaviour patterns, trends and factors influencing actions and awareness regarding potential copyright issues during data sharing.

Findings

The study finds that many students in India engage in copyright infringement, either deliberately or unwittingly. Many students are unaware of copyright laws and regulations and do not understand the consequences of their actions.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s findings are limited to students in Tamil Nadu, India, and may not represent students in other countries or regions. The findings can inform policies and educational programmes that promote ethical and legal behaviour among students and help reduce the incidence of copyright infringement.

Originality/value

This study’s originality and value stem from its unique approach of merging information sharing, seeking and copyright concepts.