bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOTIVATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TYPES: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Piščalkienė Viktorija , Gintilienė Milda , Misiūnas Donatas , Kool Helen , Siik Jaana , Muraus Petra , Juhna Madara , Miķele Inta , Kristensen Regitze
Published: January 2019

The analysis was perfomed while participating and doing a research in a project “Villages on Move Bal­tic” (VOMB) 1.1.2016-31.12.2017 (Number 2016- 3715/001-001). The project‘s objective is to focus more Health Enhancing Physical Activity and joy of sports for rural citizen in participating regions. VOMB pro­ject is activating people to give ideas on how to pro­mote everyday physical activity and how to organise their leisure time in rural areas. The Project‘s partners have visited village events and have promoted healthy lifestyle. One of the goals is to motivate inhabitants in rural areas to have more physical activities and more joy of sports. Methods of the research: structured qu­estionnaire in written.

This article presents the results of internal and external motivation for most common physical activity types of citizens from participial countries in 6 months. In order to be physically active 6 indicators depended to external motivation and 12 to internal. Sample: there were 627 people from 5 European countries (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Denmark, Finland). The research has shown that the most favorite types of physical activity are walking, riding a bike and running. However, the participants from Finland and Denmark were more motivated in all kinds of physical activities comparing to other participating countries.

Walking, gym, Nordic walking, swimming and yoga are the most popular forms of physical activities for the participants of urban areas. Gardening is more po­pular in rural areas. Participants from 18 to 44 years old are more physically active as they apply a variety of physical activities comparing to the participants in 45 to 59 age group. Almost all of the participants agree that health is a driving force of internal motivation for physical activity. To add more, almost all external factors are important to men and women, considering physical activity. Participants from rural areas more than respondents who live in settlements or cities agree on the idea that person’s quality of life depends on personal efforts.
STRESSORS IN TEACHER’S WORK
Authors: Navickienė Lijana , Stasiūnaitienė Eglė , Kupčikienė Ilona , Misiūnas Donatas
Published: January 2019

Teachers are among the professions which face the highest level of work-related stress. High level of stress has a negative impact on the teacher’s physical and emotional health, leads to exhaustion, burnout, dissatisfaction with work, and high turnover rates. It is therefore important to reveal the main sources and risks of stress in the teacher’s work. Psychoso­cial risks are related to the negative psychological, physical and social consequences resulting from ina­dequate work organization and management at the workplace: too high work requirements and / or short deadlines for fulfilling tasks; conflicting requirements and unclear employee roles; poor use of staff skills and insufficient employees involvement in decision-making on their work; scarse management and co-workers support and poor relationships with collea­gues, students and their parents.

A quantitative study conducted in five countries re­vealed that most teachers experience a high level of stress in their professional activity. Many stressors in professional activity relate to the uncertainty and excessive workload of teachers’ functions and roles. The most common organizational factors that cause stress include working conditions, low salary, noisy environment, number of students in the classroom, and external factors such as educational reforms and social status in society. The least stressors iden­tified in the teachers’ professional activity relate to relationships and support in the work environment.

The study was conducted in the framework of the international project “Preventing Stress in the Tea­ching Profession-Stress Free Teachers”, No. 2016- 3715 / 001-001.
SUAUGUSIŲ ŽMONIŲ DANTŲ GYDYMO BAIMĘ LEMIANTYS INDIKATORIAI
Authors: Vasiliauskas Karolis , Klasavičiūtė Kristina , Vasiliauskienė Ingrida , Andruškevičienė Vilija , Saldūnaitė Kristina , Slabšinskienė Eglė
Published: January 2019

Tyrimo tikslas. Išsiaiškinti suaugusių žmonių pagrin­dinius dantų gydymo baimę lemiančius veiksnius.

Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Vienmomentinis tyri­mas vykdytas Kauno centro poliklinikoje bei Vilka­viškio PSPC. Apklausti šiose įstaigose gydęsi paci­entai. Pildytos anketos, nagrinėjančios demografinę charakteristiką, elgesį, socialinius bei ekonominius veiksnius. Siekiant nustatyti, ar visi klausimyno klau­simai atitinka anketos turinį ir išsikeltą hipotezę, buvo pasirinktas Cronbach alfa koeficientas. Statistinė ana­lizė buvo atlikta naudojant SPSS 22.0 programą. Pa­sirinktas statistinio patikimumo lygmuo, kai p&amp;lt;0,05. Kiekybiniai kintamieji buvo išreikšti vidurkiais su standartiniu nuokrypiu V(SD) su 95 proc. patikimumo intervalu. Priklausomybė tarp kokybinių parametrų buvo įvertinta remiantis χ2 kriterijumi.

Rezultatai. Tyrime dalyvavo 148 pacientai: 96 mo­terys ir 52 vyrai. Daugiau nei pusė (55, 9 proc.) ap­klaustųjų nurodo bijantys dantų gydymo, iš jų 9,5 proc. – labai. Stipriau dantų gydymo bijo moterys nei vyrai. Didesnę baimę jaučia išsiskyrę asmenys (71,4 proc.) nei vedę ar vieniši. Dažniau į odontologą kreipiamasi, kai skauda. Dominuojanti organizmo reakcija – noras išvengti vizito. Baimė yra kiekvieną kartą lankantis pas odontologą ir daugiau žmonių bijo dantų šalinimo procedūros, o didžiausia baimė yra matant adatą - 56 proc. apklaustųjų.

Išvados. 56,1 proc. apklaustųjų patiria odontologinę baimę, iš jų net 9,5 proc. - labai stiprią baimę, dėl kurios vengia odontologinių procedūrų. Lytis, išsi­lavinimas, gyvenamoji vieta neturėjo įtakos baimei. Odontologinei baimei įtakos turėjo amžius, šeimy­ninė padėtis, pirmas vizitas pas odontologą. Baimė reikšmingai padidėja, kai reikia ilgai laukti ir šalia

yra blogai nusiteikusių pacientų. 61,4 proc. bijan­čiųjų kreipiasi, kai skauda, 9,6 proc. – kai skausmas yra nebepakeliamas. Daugiausia žmonių bijo šalinti, gręžti dantis, matyti adatą ir jausti adatos įdūrimą.
SKIRTINGŲ SUDĖČIŲ KONTAKTINIŲ LĘŠIŲ TIRPALŲ ANTIMIKROBINĖS SAVYBĖS
Authors: Maželienė Žaneta , Dumšytė Ieva , Kirvaitienė Jolita , Viliušienė Ingrida
Published: January 2019

Įvadas. Akies infekcijos rizika dažnėja didėjant kon­taktinių lęšių nešiotojų skaičiui. Kontaktinių lęšių tirpalai – priemonės, skirtos kontaktinių lęšių skala­vimui, nešvarumų valymui, apnašų šalinimui, dezin­fekcijai (mikroorganizmų sunaikinimui), drėkinimui bei laikymui. Kontaktinių lęšių tirpalų sudėtis nule­mia skirtingas jų antimikrobines savybės.

Tyrimo tikslas. Nustatyti kontaktinių lęšių skysčių antimikrobinį veikimą skirtinguose jų poveikio eta­loninėms bakterijų kultūroms laiko intervaluose.

Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Mikrobiologinio tyrimo metu nustatytas kontaktinių lęšių tirpalų antimikro­binis poveikis bakterijoms – Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. Bakte­rijų kultūros buvo veikiamos skirtingais kontaktinių lęšių tirpalais 0,5 val., 1 val., 2 val., 4 val., 6 val., 8 val. ir po to nustatytas likęs gyvybingų bakterijų kie­kis tiriamajame tirpale.

Rezultatai. Kontaktinių lęšių tirpalų antimikrobines savybes lemia kelių sudedamųjų dalių sinergistinis antimikrobinis poveikis dažniausiai akims pavojin­giems infekcinių ligų sukėlėjams. Silpniausiai bak­terijas veikė poliheksametilenbiguanido 0,0001 proc. tirpalas. Poliheksametilenbiguanido tirpalo antimi­krobinis poveikis stiprėjo didėjant jo koncentraci­jai ir į tirpalą pridėjus ramunėlių ar alavijo. Polihek­sametilenbiguanido 0,0002 proc. tirpalas su alaviju ir kontaktinių lęšių tirpalas su boro rūgštimi veikia panašiai, kaip ir poliheksametilenbiguanido 0,0002 proc. tirpalas su alaviju, tačiau visos bakterijos buvo sunaikintos po 6-8 val. poveikio. Stipriausią antimi­krobinį poveikį turėjo kontaktinių lęšių tirpalas su 3 proc. vandenilio peroksido, kuris per 30 min. – 1 val. sunaikino visas tirtas bakterijas.

Išvados. Akių infekcijos galima išvengti naudojant kontaktinių lęšių poliheksametilenbiguanido 0,0002 proc. tirpalą su alaviju ar kontaktinių lęšių tirpalus, kurių sudėtyje yra 3 proc. vandenilio peroksido. Lę­šius tirpaluose reikia laikyti 2 – 4 val.
PAGIMDŽIUSIŲ MOTERŲ DALYVAVIMĄ MOTINOS PIENO DONORYSTĖJE LEMIANTYS VEIKSNIAI
Authors: Vaškelytė Alina , Aniulytė Judita
Published: January 2019

Esant situacijų, kuomet naujagimis negali gauti savo motinos pieno, kaip pirmoji alternatyva rekomenduo­jamas donorinis motinos pienas. Kaip vienas pagrin­dinių pieno bankų iššūkių yra įvardijamas pieno auko­jimo masto didinimas, o tam itin svarbu sutelkti naujų donorių, didinti kiekvienos moters aukojamo pieno kiekį ir dažnį. Šiam tikslui pasiekti svarbu nustatyti su dalyvavimu pieno donorystėje susijusias proble­mas, tam įtakos turinčius veiksnius ir įgyvendinti tam tikrus strateginius veiksmus, galinčius prisidėti prie pieno donorystės skatinimo.

Siekiant išanalizuoti pagimdžiusių moterų dalyva­vimą motinos pieno donorystėje lemiančius veiksnius, buvo atliktas tyrimas vienoje iš Lietuvos ligoninių Akušerijos ir ginekologijos klinikoje bei Neonato­logijos klinikoje. Tyrime dalyvavo 257 šioje ligoni­nėje pagimdžiusios moterys, kurių naujagimiai buvo prižiūrimi akušerijos, naujagimių ligų ar naujagimių intensyviosios terapijos skyriuose. Atliekant tyrimą buvo taikoma anketinė apklausa, naudojant autorių sudarytą anoniminę anketą.

Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad didžioji dalis pagim­džiusių moterų sutiktų tapti pieno banko donorėmis ir vartoti pieną iš pieno banko savo naujagimiui. Pa­aukoti savo pieno donorinio motinos pieno bankui pagimdžiusios moterys dažniausiai sutiktų dėl noro padėti kitoms mamoms ir naujagimiams, kuriems to reikia, o nesutiktų dėl baimės, kad gali neužtekti pieno savo naujagimiui. Vartoti donorinį motinos pieną iš pieno banko moterys dažniausiai sutiktų, nes motinos pienas yra geriausias maisto šaltinis nau­jagimiui, o atsisakymą dažniausiai lemtų pirmenybės teikimas kitokiam maitinimo būdui.
SLAUGYTOJŲ PASIRENGIMAS SLAUGYTI PACIENTUS GYVENIMO PABAIGOJE: LIETUVOS SITUACIJA
Authors: Laurs Lina , Blaževičienė Aurelija , Milonas Daimantas , Rastenienė Vilma
Published: January 2019

Paciento slauga jo gyvenimo pabaigoje apima daugelį aspektų: skausmo ir simptomų valdymą, kultūriškai jautrius klausimus, pagalbą pacientams, jų šeimų na­riams mirimo procese ir išgyvenant netektį, etinius apsisprendimo klausimus. Pacientai ir jų šeimos na­riai yra svarbūs partneriai, kurie dalyvauja planuojant pagalbą ir ligos gydymą. Tyrimo tikslas - Lietuvos terapinio, chirurginio ir in­tensyvios terapijos skyrių slaugytojų pasirengimas slaugyti pacientus gyvenimo pabaigoje. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodas. Vienmomentinis kie­kybinis tyrimas, atliktas septyniose didžiose Lietu­vos ligoninėse. Tyrime dalyvavo stacionare dirban­tys slaugytojai (N=1055; atsako dažnis 79,9 proc.). Rezultatai ir išvados. Pacientų priežiūrą gyvenimo pa­baigoje palengvintų gerai organizuota darbo aplinka, reikiama dvasinė pagalba pacientui bei išsaugotas orumas ir privatumas. Pagrindinės kliūtys slaugant pacientus gyvenimo pa­baigoje yra laiko trūkumas pokalbiams su pacientais, šeimos narių neturėjimas kur kreiptis psichologinės pagalbos sužinojus paciento diagnozę bei pikti šei­mos nariai, trukdantys personalui.
Safe Food Management and Smartphone Technology: Investigating the Impact of an App on Consumer Knowledge Retention
Authors: Bamgboje-Ayodele Adeola , Ellis Leonie , Turner Paul
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Diffusion of smartphones has normalised consumers’ use of mobile applications (apps). But how do app designs and contexts of use interact with differential consumer attributes to impact on their effectiveness, usability and value over time? For consumer food safety, answering these questions is of importance as numerous food choices increase challenges in safe food management (SFM). This research reports on results of a randomised field experiment with Australian consumers using an SFM mobile app developed by the researchers.Method: The SFM app development employed insights from the Health Literacy Online Heuristics framework and the experiment involved evaluation of information and/or knowledge acquisition from the app versus from a paper-based version. The experiment spanned four weeks and involved eight participants (experimental group n=4; control group n=4).Results: The results highlight differentials in cognitive burden between paper and the app; beneficial affordances from the app for refreshing consumer knowledge; and longer knowledge retention on safe food management from app use over-time.Discussion: We identified two key impacts of the app on consumer knowledge acquisition and knowledge retention. First, the SFM app takes longer to achieve knowledge acquisition but results in longer knowledge retention than the control. Second, the SFM app induces some level of cognitive load in adoption however; the affordance of its reuse for quick but infrequent revisitations facilitates knowledge retention. Although the study is limited by the small sample size, it however highlights the need for a large scale and purely quantitative investigation that are generalisable to the Australian population.Conclusion: It is anticipated that the insights gained from this study can be used to develop nationwide interventions for addressing consumer SFM knowledge gaps in the home; thus, moving a step closer towards addressing SFM behaviours of Australian consumers.
Websites as a tool for public health education: determining the trustworthiness of health websites on Ebola disease
Authors: Hamzehei Ronak , Ansari Masoumeh , Rahmatizadeh Shahabedin , Valizadeh-Haghi Saeideh
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Health service providers use internet as a tool for the spreading of health information and people often go on the web to acquire information about a disease. A wide range of information with varying qualities and by authors with varying degrees of credibility has thus become accessible by the public. Most people believe that the health information available on the internet is reliable. This issue reveals the need for having a critical view of the health information available online that is directly related to people's life. The Ebola epidemic is an emergency situation in the international public health domain and the internet is regarded as an important source for obtaining information on this disease. Given the absence of studies on the trustworthiness of health websites on Ebola, the present study was conducted to assess the trustworthiness of websites which are focused on this disease.Methods: The term "Ebola" was searched in Google, Yahoo and Bing search engines. Google Chrome browser was used for this purpose with the settings fixed on yielding 10 results per page. The first 30 English language websites in each of the three search engines were evaluated manually by using the HONcode of conduct tool. Moreover, the official HONcode toolbar was used to identify websites that had been officially certified by HON foundation. Results: Almost the half of the retrieved websites were commercial (49%). Complementarity was the least-observed criterion (37%) in all the websites retrieved from all three-search engines. Justifiability, Transparency and Financial Disclosure had been completely observed (100%).Discussion: The present study showed that only three criteria (Justifiability, Transparency and Financial Disclosure) out of the eight HON criteria were observed in the examined websites. Like other health websites, the websites concerned with Ebola are not reliable and should be used with caution.Conclusion: Considering the lack of a specific policy about the publication of health information on the web, it is necessary for healthcare providers to advise their patients to use only credible websites. Furthermore, teaching them the criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of health websites would be helpful.
Public Health Quality Improvement Exchange: A Tool to Support Advancements in Public Health Practice
Authors: Brown Stephen L. , Massoudi Barbara L. , Pina Jamie M. , Madamala Kusuma
Published: January 2019

Objectives. The Public Health Quality Improvement Exchange (PHQIX) is a free, openly available online community that supports public health practitioners in the rapidly evolving landscape of public health quality improvement (QI). This article’s objective is to describe the user-centered development of PHQIX and its current content and examine how elements of a QI initiative may vary by an organization’s characteristics or QI experience.Methods. PHQIX was developed by taking a user-centered iterative design approach, seeking early and continued input from users to gather requirements for the website. We performed an exploratory analysis of the published QI initiative descriptions, reviewing all QI projects that PHQIX users shared as of January 1, 2018.Results. PHQIX features 193 QI initiatives from a variety of health departments and public health institutes using a wide range of QI methods and tools.Discussion. Submitted QI initiatives focus on many public health domains and favor the PDCA/PDSA cycle; Kaizen; and fishbone diagrams, flowcharts, process maps, and survey methods. Limitations include data coming only from users who represent health departments with sufficient time to complete the PHQIX submission template. Additionally, many initiatives were submitted in part to fulfill a grant requirement, which could skew results.Conclusion. As the field of QI in public health practice evolves, resources targeted to QI practitioners should build on and advance the available resources. Findings from this study will provide insight into QI initiatives being performed and the types of projects that can be expected as organizational experience and collaboration grow.
Empatia: perfil da produção científica e medidas mais utilizadas em pesquisa
Authors: Azevedo Sonia Maria Lourenço , Da Mota Márcia Maria Peruzzi Elia , Mettrau Marsyl Bulkool
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo faz uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o construto empatia com o objetivo de analisar as publicações neste tema em relação: (a) quantitativo de publicações por ano; (b) áreas das publicações; (c) tipo de estudo empírico; (d) instrumentos mais utilizados nas pesquisas empíricas. Realiza-se esta revisão na literatura nacional utilizando um Programa de busca nos sites acadêmicos no período de 2007 a 2017. A justificativa pela literatura nacional foi para identificar os estudos sobre o construto empatia, as áreas e, os instrumentos mais utilizados em nosso contexto, sendo estes brasileiros ou adaptados para nossa cultura. Os resultados apontaram que o tema “empatia” tem sido investigado em diversos campos e áreas de estudos tais como: psicologia, medicina, enfermagem, odontologia, fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia, educação, engenharia de produção. A maior frequência dos estudos encontra-se na área da psicologia, com uma forte tendência a validação de escala para nossa cultura e na área da saúde.
Evidência de validade de conteúdo de uma medida de atenção plena
Authors: Pires Jeferson Gervasio , Nunes Carlos Henrique Sancineto da Silva , Nunes Maiana Farias de Oliveira , Bianchi Maria Luiza , Kotzias Mônica Monteiro , Maesima Giovania Mitie
Published: January 2019

A atenção plena é uma qualidade da consciência que surge ao prestar atenção, de forma intencional e com uma postura de não julgamento, às experiências que surgem no momento presente. Os objetivos deste estudo foram de verificar a pertinência dos itens para avaliar atenção plena, em relação ao modelo conceitual proposto, e analisar a clareza dos itens para o público alvo. Os itens foram submetidos à análise de juízes (N=3) e análise semântica (N=16). A concordância entre os juízes foi analisada pelo índice de concordância (IC) e pelo coeficiente Kappa. A análise semântica recebeu tratamento qualitativo. Excluíram-se os itens que apresentaram IC inferior a 50%. Após esta exclusão, os 145 itens que restaram apresentaram concordância geral moderada (k=0,51; p<,05) e índice de concordância satisfatório (75%). Conclui-se que a compreensão dos fatores da atenção plena é divergente entre os especialistas. Entretanto, os itens selecionados constituíram representações adequadas do construto e também mostraram-se compreensíveis para o público alvo, sugerindo validade de conteúdo para a escala.
Intervenção em orientação profissional em estudantes de escolas públicas brasileiras: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Pessenda Bruna , Mascotti Thais De Souza , Cardoso Hugo Ferrari
Published: January 2019

Programas de intervenção em Orientação Profissional (OP) nas escolas públicas podem fornecer oportunidades de os estudantes discutirem sobre a sociedade, o mundo do trabalho e os significados da escolha profissional, o que possivelmente os prepararia para uma entrada mais crítica e consciente no mundo do trabalho. Assim, este estudo visou realizar uma revisão narrativa de artigos nacionais voltados para grupos de intervenção em OP. Para tanto, foi pesquisado em duas bases de dados (Pepsic e Scielo) as palavras-chave “orientação profissional” e “orientação vocacional”. O critério de seleção para análise dos artigos foi que contivessem intervenções em OP em alunos matriculados no ensino regular de escolas públicas. Foram encontrados apenas três artigos nas bases de dados pesquisadas, mostrando que se tem a necessidade de mais pesquisas, teorias e modelos que correspondam à realidade de escolas públicas, uma vez que tais pesquisas poderiam apontar novos rumos a serem tomados pela OP.
A ausência masculina na atenção primária à saúde: uma análise da teoria da ação planejada
Authors: Chaves Jéssica Bazilio , Fernandes Sheyla Christine Santos , Bezerra Daniela Santos
Published: January 2019

Este estudo apresenta, a partir da Teoria da Ação Planejada, uma análise sobre a ausência masculina na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Objetivou-se identificar as crenças positivas e negativas e definir as crenças modais salientes relativas ao comportamento de "procurar a Unidade Básica de Saúde" de homens de um distrito sanitário de Maceió (AL). Participaram do estudo 25 homens, entre 25 e 59 anos, cadastrados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) de um distrito sanitário de Maceió. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada e adotou-se análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os homens apresentaram crenças comportamentais que tanto favorecem como dificultam o comportamento. As crenças normativas demonstraram maior influência das mulheres para a adoção do comportamento. As crenças de controle foram representadas pelos participantes como negativas, mesmo que algumas delas tenham facilitado a realização do comportamento. Isto comprova que a procura masculina à UBS está relacionada às crenças que envolvem o seu universo cognitivo.
Solidão como variável preditora na depressão em adultos
Authors: Barroso Sabrina Martins , Baptista Makilim Nunes , Zanon Cristian
Published: January 2019

Depressão é um transtorno multifatorial, de alta prevalência, considerada um problema de saúde pública mundial. Diversas são as variáveis implicadas no desenvolvimento e manutenção deste transtorno, como as psicológicas, sociais e biológicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a solidão como fator preditivo na depressão em adultos, após controle de outros preditores tais como ansiedade, estresse, neuroticismo e variáveis clínicas. A amostra foi composta de 297 universitários de Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. As escalas utilizadas foram a EBADEP-A, DASS-21, UCLA, MHI-5 e IGFP-5. Após regressão múltipla hierárquica, os resultados demonstraram que a saúde mental, neuroticismo, ansiedade e solidão foram os principais preditores, sendo que a solidão, após controle de todas as variáveis, acresceu 1% de variância isolada no modelo e demonstrou ser uma das variáveis mais importantes relacionadas à depressão. A avaliação clínica e intervenções devem levar em consideração esta variável na prática clínica.
Adaptação acadêmica e estilos intelectuais no ensino superior
Authors: Oliveira Katya Luciane de , Santos Acácia Aparecida Angeli dos , Inácio Amanda Lays Monteiro
Published: January 2019

O desenvolvimento acadêmico e intelectual esperado em alunos do Ensino Superior pode ser muito favorecido se ele tiver a necessária adaptação a este novo contexto. Nem sempre o processo de adaptação ocorre da forma esperada e, muitas vezes, isso gera a evasão da universidade. A presente pesquisa visa verificar a adaptação acadêmica e os estilos intelectuais de universitários, identificando possíveis diferenças em relação aos cursos escolhidos, bem como analisar as correlações entre as dimensões da adaptação acadêmica e os estilos intelectuais prevalentes. Participaram 628 estudantes de cursos e universidades distintos, que responderam de forma coletiva a duas escalas, uma de avaliação da adaptação acadêmica ao ensino superior, com cinco dimensões: planejamento de carreira, adaptação social, adaptação pessoal/emocional, adaptação ao estudo e adaptação institucional. A outra escala foi para a avaliação dos estilos intelectuais, com treze estilos possíveis. Os resultados indicaram que a dimensão planejamento de carreira foi a que os estudantes pontuaram mais, o mesmo ocorrendo no estilo hierárquico. Diferenças significativas em razão do curso, bem como relações entre as variáveis foram observadas. Os dados são discutidos do ponto de vista da avaliação psicoeducacional.
Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in Zambia’s Western Province
Authors: Rush K. L. , Barker J. , Ollivier R. , Ferrier M. , Singini D.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality from stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. Case finding in some areas of the country, such as in rural Zambia is especially challenging with limited availability of ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring devices. Moreover, there is very little qualitative research exploring Zambian patients’ experiences living with AF.

AIMS: The two-fold purpose of this study was i) to explore the use of a screening tool for detecting AF in Western Province, Zambia and ii) to understand the patient experience of living with AF.

SETTING: Mongu and Limulunga Districts in the Western Province of Zambia.

METHODS: Mixed methods. Convenience sampling for both quantitative and qualitative arms of the study was used to recruit participants attending public ‘Health Checks.’ Quantitative data were collected by means of an interview-administered survey and qualitative data were obtained through individual interviews.

RESULTS: An irregular manual pulse was found in 12.6% (n=33) of Zambians who attended the Health Checks and two participants were confirmed to have AF. Zambians with an irregular pulse had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension and were significantly less sedentary than those without pulse irregularities. Two themes emerged from the interview with two patients diagnosed with AF: symptoms and healthcare access.

CONCLUSION: Hypertension continues to be a problem in adult Zambians and is an independent risk factor for stroke and, when diagnosed in conjunction with AF, further compounds stroke risk. Access to screening and diagnostic care for AF is essential, especially in currently underserved rural areas. In addition, participants presented with unique risk factors, such as consolidated periods of exercise, that require further research to determine context and seasonal variation so as to improve education and prevention strategies.
Exploring Individual and Interpersonal Level Factors Associated with Academic Success of College Students at a Women’s, Faith-based Higher Institution
Authors: Ekwonye Angela U. , DeLauer Verna
Published: January 2019

The present study investigated how spirituality, peer connections, and social integration relate to academic resiliency, academic self-efficacy, academic integration, and institutional commitment of college students who identify as female. A sample of 372 undergraduates (ages 18-26) at a Catholic University completed Mapworks survey containing institution-specific questions and spirituality items in Spring 2018. Pearson correlation was used to examine the bivariate relationships between the variables. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was conducted to determine if relationships exist among the predictor variables (spirituality, peer connections, social integration) and the criterion variables (academic resiliency, academic self-efficacy, academic integration, institutional commitment). Academic resiliency was the only contributor to the synthetic criterion variable. The contributions of academic self-efficacy, academic integration and institutional commitment to the synthetic criterion variable were very negligible. Social integration and peer connections were the primary contributors to the predictor synthetic variable, with a secondary contribution by spirituality. Social integration, peer connections, and spirituality were all positively related to academic resiliency. Simultaneously addressing the social and spiritual well-being of college students, particularly those who have self-selected to attend a women’s college, are crucial to promoting their academic success.
Language, culture and interculturality through narratives with learners of Spanish as a foreign language
Authors: Rodrigo-Mateu Amparo
Published: January 2019

Esta investigación se centra en una experiencia de aula con aprendientes adultos de español como lengua extranjera. El objetivo es profundizar en el desarrollo conjunto de competencias lingüísticas, comunicativas e interculturales a través de la escritura. Se atenderá la competencia comunicativa desde una perspectiva intercultural, dentro de un proceso de aprendizaje del idioma basado en reflexiones socioculturales.El trabajo se enmarca dentro del Proyecto TALIS (Enseñanza y Adquisición de Competencias Solidarias e Interculturales a través de las Lenguas y la Literatura). El resultado ha sido la publicación de un volumen de cuentos bilingües (español-inglés), con un enfoque lingüístico e intercultural y redactado por aprendientes de español de la Universidad de Mumbai, en India. Su publicación y distribución tienen como objetivos, principalmente, España e India, con la consiguiente explotación del componente intercultural del trabajo realizado. Los datos analizados incluyen también observaciones directas en el aula y evaluaciones realizadas por los estudiantes al finalizar el proyecto. Todo ello ha demostrado la implicación de estos en su entorno sociocultural y el desarrollo de competencias interculturales a lo largo del proceso.
Le rôle de la conscience phonologique dans l’apprentissage de la lecture en français L2 par les enfants arabophones: comparaison entre normo lecteurs et dyslexiques
Authors: Layes Smail , Layes Kamel , Khenfour Hichem
Published: January 2019

Cette étude examine le rôle de la conscience phonologique (CP) en Arabe (L1) dans la lecture en français (L2) chez les enfants arabophones. Deux groupes de lecteurs normo lecteurs (n=42) et dyslexiques (n=30) ont participé à cette étude, et ont achevé des tests de lecture de mots et de pseudo mots et de CP en L1 et L2. Les résultats ont révélé des différences statistiquement significatives entre les deux groupes en lecture de mots et de pseudo-mots et la CP en L1 et L2. Le décodage de pseudo mots et la CP prédisent significativement la performance de lecture en L2 dans chaque groupe de lecteur. Ces résultats indiquent que la CP en L1 s’avère un indice tangible de la performance de lecture en français (L2) chez les enfants arabophones, et ont été discutés en termes d’éventuel effet de transfert positif des connaissances phonologiques entre L1 et L2.
Harold Stassen
Authors: Kaplan Lawrence S.
Published: January 2019

Harold Stassen (1907–2001) is perhaps most famous for running for president of the United States twelve times. At the age of thirty-one, Stassen garnered early accolades as the “boy wonder” governor of Minnesota. Soon thereafter he assumed a national role as aide to Admiral Halsey during World War II and as US delegate to the 1945 international conference on the United Nations Charter. When Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected president in 1952, Stassen was named director of the Mutual Security Agency and later became the president’s special assistant for disarmament. Stassen came to Washington advocating the total elimination of nuclear weapons, but he quickly recognized that this would never happen. He refocused his efforts, working for greater international transparency and communication. The liberal internationalism Stassen espoused became embedded in Cold War policy for decades. He consistently provided a voice for peace in an increasingly hawkish national security establishment. Stassen, in many ways, was his own worst enemy; his ambition and ego undermined his efforts and clouded his vision. His feuds with Secretary of State John Foster Dulles were legendary, and while Dulles often prevailed in the meeting room, Stassen’s vision of nuclear restraint was one that Eisenhower shared.
The Preparatory Years, 1938–1945
Authors: Kaplan Lawrence S.
Published: January 2019

Young Stassen had many of the qualifications that aspiring politicians find so valuable in America’s presidential tradition. Prominent among them was a “log cabin” origin, which William Henry Harrison had used successfully in the 1840 presidential campaign. At the University of Minnesota Law School, the gregarious Stassen made friends who became loyal supporters in his campaigns for the presidency. But first, Stassen would pursue the governorship of his home state. Success came quickly, enhanced by the political environment of 1938. Republican victories at the polls reflected the seeming failures of the New Deal and, in particular, the negative public reaction to President Roosevelt’s attack against the Supreme Court. In this context, the ambitious young Minnesota governor was hailed as the face of a rejuvenated Republican Party, and he made the most of the acclaim.
The Eisenhower Solution, 1948–1952
Authors: Kaplan Lawrence S.
Published: January 2019

Stassen’s failure to win the Republican nomination for president in June 1948 did not quench his thirst for high office. Robert T. McCracken, chairman of the University of Pennsylvania’s Board of Trustees, offered Stassen the university presidency in July, and the board elected him on September 17, 1948. The enthusiasm he aroused among college students as a Republican candidate convinced him that higher education had always been in the forefront of his ambitions. Stassen saw himself in the same light as Eisenhower, who had accepted the presidency of Columbia University. As the president of a prestigious Ivy League university, he could ensure his prominence in national affairs. For four years, Stassen walked a delicate line between his university obligations and his political ambitions. Inevitably, he had to confront criticism over his extracurricular activities. However, the possibility of a cabinet appointment in a Dewey administration became irrelevant when President Truman won the election in November.
Conclusions and Reflections
Authors: Kaplan Lawrence S.
Published: January 2019

Given the consistent failures in Harold Stassen’s long pursuit of the presidency, it is difficult to focus on his positive contributions to American policy during his four years in the Eisenhower administration. The ultimate objective of his diplomacy was to de-escalate and end the Cold War with the Soviet Union. He believed he knew how to achieve this goal, which was one that Eisenhower shared. Stassen‘s vision of a world free from the fear of a nuclear holocaust has not been realized, but the optimism he personified has not yet been extinguished.
The Imperial Miracle
Authors: Ford James Edward
Published: January 2019

In this essay, James Edward Ford III addresses Du Bois’s extensive use of poetry in Black Reconstruction in America, 1860–1880, particularly the multilevel argumentation through form and content that allows the poetry closing each chapter to act as a door allowing concepts to flow between disparate modes of articulation. The tension between the poetic passages and the prose pushes the reader to engage heavily with the text and discover why Du Bois chose particular poems, as well as how the poetry connects with and enhances the prose analysis of racist national culture and imperialism.Though the prose of the text never addresses the questions arising from Du Bois’s argument that racist assumptions precede legal concepts, the poetry throughout the text provides glimpses of the answers.
“Love Is God, and Work Is His Prophet”
Authors: Kim David Haekwon
Published: January 2019

This essay, by David Haekwon Kim, examines Du Bois’s political transition during the interwar years from political expressionism to black Marxism. As Du Bois moved from being firmly in one category to entrench himself in the other, his views were broader than those espoused by black Marxism but narrower than those of a radical democrat, best aligning with the theory of decolonial democracy. Du Bois is often hailed as a precursor or progenitor of decolonial thought, as aspects of the central decolonial concept of “coloniality” are sprinkled throughout his work. Kim argues that the tension and complexity of different aspects of Du Bois’s politics reveal Du Bois as a distinctive type of decolonial thinker who experimented with a fusion of black radicalism and the Gandhian notions of liberation and nonviolent resistance.
Transforming Places
Authors: Smith Barbara Ellen
Published: January 2019

Smith, a sociologist, contends that the politicization of “place” deserves serious attention, and she contests the common view, especially on the Left, that local, place-based politics is inadequate, futile, and reactionary for confronting globalization. Highlighting exemplary grassroots strategies in Appalachia that she describes as “making space,” “crossing space,” and “transgressing space,” she points toward potentially effective forms of locally based global politics of place that challenge the neoliberal privatization of common places and resources described, in her words, as analogous to prison “lockdowns.”
Place, Autonomy, and the Politics of Hope
Authors: Pickles John
Published: January 2019

The geographer John Pickles defines place as the locus of natural and social life worlds, which provides an operative context of common understandings, institutions, and practices along with the natural environment that sustains the life of communities. He characterizes the defense of these “commons” as the arena in which place-based activism takes center stage. From opposition to mountaintop removal mining to forest and waterways environmentalism, “commons” activism has a long history in Appalachia. The author provides theoretical guidelines for how to think about this activism in relation to the Occupy movement, Right to the City, global labor, and worldwide autonomization movements.
The Power of Place and the Place of Power
Authors: Gaventa John
Published: January 2019

The political scientist John Gaventa’s prizewinning analysis of power and powerlessness was a foundational study in the early development of Appalachian studies. In this chapter he outlines a new, multidimensional conception of power (the “power cube”) to understand the “power of place” and the “place of power.” He suggests that effective efforts at place-based social transformation must operate on three dimensions that challenge the forms, spaces, and levels of power. He also describes how the places in which he has worked and lived, including African nations, Appalachia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, have influenced his thinking about power dynamics.
“There Are No Gay People Here”
Authors: Gray Mary L.
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the intersections between place and identity. The quote in the title is from the author’s ethnographic fieldwork in Kentucky, during which a politician indicated that no one identified as queer in his district because he represented a rural region of the state. This led the author to consider further the logic through which queer identity is associated with urban identity, and what that means for rural queer youth. She offers the concept of “boundary publics” to discuss the ways in which ephemeral experiences of belonging are created within more validated and recognized public spheres. She gives examples of how rural Kentucky queer young people, for example, create spaces for belonging within shared social networks and available public spaces, such as parks, churches, and Walmart.
Gathering Wild Greens
Authors: Engelhardt Elizabeth S. D.
Published: January 2019

Elizabeth Engelhardt examines Depression-era novels and other sources to examine foodways in Appalachian and southern mill towns in relation to the dietary disease of pellagra. Foraging the commons for wild greens, while not actually curing pellagra, was nonetheless curative for other reasons. Gathering wild greens challenged unbalanced diets and the overreliance on processed foods as well as the regimentation of corporatized clock time and the unhealthy conditions of factory life, consumerism, and commodification. Wandering and gathering in wild places may likewise be curative for at least some of the ills that threaten higher education today.
The Reluctant Immigrant
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2019

This chapter contrasts the Parisian childhoods of Charlotte and Waldemar Mentelle, born in 1770 and 1769 respectively. Charlotte was raised, in the absence of her mother, by her physician father as if she were a boy, inuring her to hardship and teaching her the "manly arts" of fencing, hunting, and horseback riding. Waldemar's father, Edme Mentelle, was a prominent academician with ties to Louis XVI and led such an active social life that he left his son entirely to the care of his mother, who spoiled him. When Waldemar became a young man, his father took him to task for not having learned a profession, and sent him off to America in the hope he could make something of himself there. Charlotte and Waldemar had in the meantime become lovers.
A Most Worthy Family
Authors: Runyon Randolph Paul
Published: January 2019

The Mentelles' daughter Mary marries Henry Clay's son Thomas Hart Clay in 1837. Many letters pass between Henry and Charlotte, and later her daughter Mary, especially when he is away in Washington as Secretary of State and Senator. In 1840 Thomas Hart Clay and Waldemar Mentelle, Jr. form a partnership in the hemp business, but suffer such a financial loss in 1842 that Henry Clay is forced to mortgage Ashland. Waldemar Sr. publishes articles on agriculture and equine medicine. In letters to friends, both Charlotte and Waldemar look back on their years in Gallipolis as the happiest, or at least the most carefree, of their lives. He dies in 1846.
“If the March Cannot Be Here, Then Where?”
Authors: Goudsouzian Aram
Published: January 2019

This essay examines the role of Memphis in the Meredith March against Fear, a demonstration for black freedom that moved through Mississippi in June 1966. James Meredith began his journey from Memphis and was shot by Aubrey Norvell, who hailed from a suburb of the city. In the aftermath of the shooting, Memphis hosted important events that not only determined the character and success of the march but also influenced the course of the black freedom struggle. The titans of the civil rights movement orated from the pulpits of Memphis churches and engaged in contentious debates in the rooms of the Lorraine Motel. Even as the march continued south through Mississippi, its headquarters remained at Centenary Methodist Church in Memphis, which achieved James Lawson’s vision of an activist church driven by grassroots pressure and militant nonviolence. The city’s whites exhibited both hostility and accommodation toward black protesters, demonstrating both connections to and distinctions from the racial patterns of Mississippi. For the Memphis branch of the NAACP, the demonstration presented an opportunity to assert its historic strength, even as the march highlighted the complicated dynamics between local branches and the national office.
MOBILIZACE CHEMICKÝCH SLOŽEK STRUSKOVÉ DEPONIE V NÁRODNÍ PŘÍRODNÍ REZERVACI RUDICKÉ PROPADÁNÍ
Authors: Baldík Vít , Krumlová Hana , Buriánek David , Kryštofová Eva , Janderkova Jana , Sedláček Jan , Novotný Roman , Dostalík Martin
Published: January 2019

The Rudice swallow hole (Rudické propadání) National Nature Monument is a locality affected by occasional mass movements and landslides. During exceptional rainfall events, the slag material from the slopes of a small valley called “Ve struskách” (“In the Slags”) slides into an episodic stream, which enters the local karst system near the swallow hole of the Jedovnice Creek (Jedovnický potok).The slag was dumped in the locality in consequence of the past processing of iron ore in blast furnaces, which had been built near Jedovnice by the princely Salm family in the 19th century. Even though the blast furnaces were closed down a hundred years ago, the slag components leaking into the Rudice stream sink cave system still demonstrably damage the speleothems. This was the majorimpulse for us to have a closer look at the geochemical properties of the slag.The chemical composition was determined by silicate analyses carried out in the Institute of Geological Sciences at the Faculty of Sciences of the Masaryk University in Brno and in the ACME laboratories in Canada. The ACME laboratories determined heavy metal contents by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The petrographic characterization of the slag and its enclosures was conducted based on point analyses by a wavelength dispersive X ray (WDX) electron microprobe. Predictions regarding the geochemical behavior of the slag components in an aqueous environment were made using the sequential extraction analysis (SEA) according to Tessier (1979).We have found the expected spatial variability of the basic chemical composition of the slag dumps, as well as the presence of heavy metals (cadmium and especially zinc are present at high concentrations).The slag material exhibits a glassy amorphous structure containing occasional mineral crystals, droplets of pure or oxidized iron and fragments of other materials (such as charcoal or blast furnace bricks). The ongoing weathering of the slag is accompanied by oxidation of crude iron and formation of limonite. Apart from that, the material is not subject to signifi cant secondary transformations. The results of the sequential extraction analyses of slag and soil samples suggest that Cd and Zn are chemically bound to the “carbonate fraction”, which, in general, tends to dissolve under acidic conditions. Even though the environment of the carbonate rock cave systems is typically alkaline, there is a persisting risk of mobilization of heavy metals by acid soil solutions. From the environmental point of view, the slag deposition primarily represents a source of clastic material, which contaminates the cave system and damages speleothems by mechanical abrasion.