bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial modelling of land conversion vulnerability in Padang watersheds North Sumatera province
Authors: Purba S A , Slamet B , Rauf A
Published: June 2021

The land use in the watersheds is the leading cause of the flood besides rainfall intensity. The objective of this study is to analyse land-use changes period 2000, 2010 and 2018, analyse the factors that influence land-use changes and analyse the level of the spatial distribution of land conversion vulnerability based on a GIS and remote sensing. Spatial modelling methods were used in this study by weighting and scoring on the factors triggering land conversion, namely biophysical land and socioeconomic. The results show that the enormous percentage change in land use between the years 2000-2010 was 49.09% in mixed dryland farming convert to dryland agriculture. While in the period 2010-2018 was an increase of 43.37 % in the fish pond. Factors that influence the chances of land conversion are biophysical and social factors such as population density and per capita income. The higher the population density tend to have, the greater the chance of a land conversion. The higher per capita income tends to have a smaller chance of a land conversion. Land conversion vulnerability in Padang Watersheds is at a vulnerable class of 50.38 % or 55,584.54 Hectares. Then in the class is very vulnerable at 27.38% or 30,213.97 Hectares.
Diversity of types pterodhopita in the campus Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Rambey R , Ardi R , Ras S , Jauhari M A
Published: June 2021

Forests in Indonesia that have high biodiversity, including one of them is the type of fern. The characteristic of Indonesian tropical rainforests is that they have high rainfall so that they strongly support the existence of this type of fern. In general, ferns like humid habitat conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of ferns around the campus Sumatera Utara. The method of this research is by roaming, namely exploring each location that can represent the location where there is the most vegetation. The number of types of ferns found on the campus of the Universitas Sumatera Utara is 20 types. There are 9 families in the research location, including the polypodiaceae family as much as 35%, Pteridaceae (20%), Thelypteridaceae (15%), Nephrolepidaceae (10%), Aspleniaceae (10%), Athyriaceae (5%), Dryopteridaceae (5 %) and Blechnaceae (5%). There are 13 types that grow epiphytic and 7 that live terrestrially. The host trees for epiphytic ferns include Swietenia mahagoni, Elaeis guineensis, Gmelina arborea, Samanea saman and Paraserianthes falcataria.
Sharia based economics in support of Indonesia’s sustainable agricultural sector
Authors: Yazid F , Kamello T , Nasution Y , Ikhsan E
Published: June 2021

Agricultural sector plays an important role in Indonesian economic growth. The problem in the agricultural sector is among others the issue of capital for farmers. Sharia funding can be another option or as an alternative to financing in the agricultural sector. With the concept of interest free, the profit is based on profit sharing carried out after the transaction period ends. The formulation of this research problem is how the prospects and implementation of Sharia funding in the agricultural sector. The research method is empirical juridical. The results of the study showed that the agricultural sector was known to be quite risky, resulting in low financial institution funding commitments. Credit programs using the interest system show unsatisfactory results. As a result, this can lead to new problems such as increased farmer debt and bad credit. Conclusion of the study Sharia funding is prospective to strengthen capital in the agricultural sector. In its implementation, several types of cooperation can be carried out such as joint ventures, forms of partnerships, general trading, and agribusiness operational cooperation. Suggestions in this study are the intensive socialization of Sharia funding is needed as an alternative funding for the agricultural sector.
Management of agricultural land to support sustainable agriculture in North Sumatra
Authors: Firdaus M , Kamello T , Saidin O K
Published: June 2021

Indonesia is an agricultural country with an abundant natural wealth of agricultural products. Moreover, it stays in a strategic geographical position, located in the tropical climate, and having high rainfall. Competent agricultural enterprise management can help in adapting to the ever-changing human needs. It can also maintain and even improve the quality of the environment. To maximize natural resource management, land management is a necessity. Land management is affected by several factors, namely society and its activities such as factory operations and activities. As society continues to develop, many lands have been misused. One of them is the conversion of agricultural lands into residential or infrastructural lands. The problem in this study is the management of agricultural land to support sustainable agriculture in North Sumatra. This research uses a normative juridical method through literature studies of laws and regulations on agriculture and spatial planning. The results show that the existence of unproductive agricultural lands and paddy land conversion to residential dwelling can be detrimental to farmers. In conclusion, agricultural land governance is needed to support sustainable agriculture in North Sumatra. The research suggests a need for regulations regarding the management of agricultural land in North Sumatra to realize sustainable agriculture.
Implementation of cooperation agreement on partnership and community development program at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III
Authors: Safnul D , Kamello T , Purba H , Ikhsan E
Published: June 2021

PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III (Persero) is a Government-Owned Enterprise Palm Oil and rubber plantation. It specially engaged in plantations, which is obliged to implement the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs, as regulated in the 2007 Constitution Number 40 concerning Limited Liability Companies and Government Regulation, as well as GOE Minister Regulation PER09/MBU/07/2015 concerning Community Development Programs (PCDP). It has developed social programs to improve the welfare of the locals living in the range of the plantations. This study was backgrounded to factors inhibiting PTPN III in implementing PCDP. This legal research uses a normative juridical approach. The results show that internal constraints, such as not having specialized staff assigned as surveyors to guarantee collateral has caused staff to concurrently act as a credit administration maker or partner assistance distributor which inhibit PCDP implementation. There are also a number of external constraints such as the public ignorance on PCDP. In conclusion, a synergy between the PCDP and partners as regulated by the 2003 Constitution Number 19 Article 88 Section (1) concerning GOEs is required. Simply, the research findings will make PCDP be able to prosper partners and locals.
Empowering refugees in livelihood opportunity program in the agricultural sector
Authors: Desiandri Y S , Suhaidi  , Ediwarman  , Leviza J
Published: June 2021

Refugees who are in Indonesia, do not have a job and only expect the cost of living provided by UNHCR and IOM. These costs are insufficient to meet daily needs. To provide opportunities to increase the cost of living, there is a livelihood opportunities program which aims to provide opportunities for refugees to have a more decent life. The agricultural sector can empower refugees in the livelihood opportunity program. By providing opportunity for refugees, it is hoped that the agricultural sector can increase the amount of production and make the lives of refugees more prosperous and can increase costs for their daily needs. The formulation of the problem in this research is how to enable the agricultural sector to empower refugees in the livelihood opportunity program. The research method used in this writing is a normative study. The research results show that it is difficult for the agricultural sector to empower refugees in livelihood opportunity because there are no legal rules governing it. The recommendation in this study is, it needs to be a special regulation that regulates refugees to carry out livelihood opportunity program in the agricultural sector that has potential in the Indonesian economy.
Factors affecting the FFB price of independent smallholder oil palm farmers in Jambi Province
Authors: Alamsyah Z , Napitupulu D , Hamid E , Yanita M , Fauzia G
Published: June 2021

Smallholder plantations play an important role in oil palm development in Jambi Province with a contribution of 70.47 percent to the total area and 57.10 to total palm oil production. Most of the smallholder plantations are self-managed by independent smallholders whodo not get technical guidance from either government or private sector. Various problems are found in independent smallholders, one of which is the discrimination of the price of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) their produced. Price discrimination does not only occur between independent smallholders and plasma farmers, but also occurs between independent smallholders. This study seeks to express empirically the price differences and analyze the factors that influence it. Data were collected from 240 respondents spread across 12 villages in 3 districts of palm oil production centers and analyzed with a multiple linear regression model. The results of the study concluded that there is a significant difference between prices received by independent smallholders and prices received by plasma farmers and among independent smallholders. The price difference is significantly influenced by the quality factor of the seeds used, the amount of fertilizer use, the experience of farmers in farming and the marketing channels used.
Effect of comparison of roselle flower petals extract with passion fruit juice and konjac flour concentration on the quality of jelly drinks
Authors: Agnes T , Suhaidi I , Yusraini E
Published: June 2021

Jelly drinks are practical and nutritious drinks. The use of roselle flower petals extract, passion fruit juice, and konjac flour in jelly drinks serves to increase the nutritional content of jelly drinks. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the ratio of roselle flower petals extract with passion fruit juice and konjac flour concentration used on chemical properties and organoleptic quality of jelly drinks. The results showed that the ratio of roselle flower petals extract to passion fruit juice had a very significant effect on pH, total acid, vitamin C levels, colour (°Hue), colour organoleptic values, aroma organoleptic values, and flavour organoleptic values. Konjac flour concentration had a very significant effect on total acid, vitamin C levels, and total dissolved solids. The interaction effect of the ratio of roselle flower petals extract with passion fruit juice and konjac flour concentration had a very significant effect on total acid and vitamin C levels. The ratio of roselle flower petals extract and passion fruit juice 80%: 20% and konjac flour concentration of 1.8% produced the best quality jelly drink.
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of egg roll from composite flour (mocaf, breadfruit flour, orange sweet potato flour, breadfruit starch, and orange sweet potato starch)
Authors: Fahiera Z , Nurminah M , Karo-Karo T
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the formulation of composite flour from mocaf, breadfruit flour, orange sweet potato flour, breadfruit flour and orange sweet potato flour in making good quality egg rolls. The analysis was carried out using a completely randomized design with a composite flour formulation consisting of 8 composite flour treatments and 1 control treatment. The analysed parameters were ash content, moisture content, fat content, fibre content, protein content, carbohydrate content and colour. The suitable egg roll formulation was evaluated based on de-garmo method amongst several parameters (moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, hedonic content dan colour value). It was concluded that, composite flour formulations of 40% mocaf, 20% breadfruit flour, 20% orange sweet potato flour, 10% breadfruit starch, and 10% orange sweet potato starch produced the best egg rolls. The finding research suggests that wheat flour can be replaced by other flours for egg roll making.
Physicochemical characteristics of food bar from composite flour (modified breadfruit, purple sweet potato, mocaf, and saga seeds)
Authors: Fadhlan A , Nurminah M , Karo-Karo T
Published: June 2021

Food bars are food products that can are solid and are classified as semi-wet products or intermediate moisture food and can be developed while still paying attention to adequate calories, nutrients needed by the body, practical, can reduce hunger, and is in the form of solid food. Our concern was looking for the flour from local resource plants, like composite flour from modified breadfruit flour, purple sweet potato flour, mocaf flour, and saga seed flour. The analysis was carried out using a non factorial complete randomized design, food bars with composite flour formulations (modified breadfruit flour, purple sweet potato flour, mocaf flour, and saga seed flour) (P); (40:30:30:0, 35:35:25:5, 30:40:20:10, 25:45:15:15, 100% modified breadfruit flour, 100% purple sweet potato flour, 100% mocaf flour, and 100% wheat flour). The final results of the study showed that food bar with composite flour formulations (35:35:25:5) produced the best quality food bar in terms of colour (brightness), protein content, fibre content, fat content, carbohydrate content, and de-Garmo method.
The effect of different non-dairy creamer on ready-to-drink milk coffee
Authors: Fibrianto K , Maharani Y
Published: June 2021

Milk coffee is greatly favourable instant-coffee among societies as the demand for it is considerably high as it mostly serves blended flavours. RTD (ready-to-drink) milk coffee is one of coffee drink that provide practical value to consumers. Creamer is one of important ingredient used in RTD-milk coffee. Every creamer has different properties which affect the final taste and mouthfeel of the products. This current study was aimed to investigate the effect of non-dairy creamer on sensory profile of RTD-milk coffee. The sensory profile was studied by the JAR (Just-About-Right) method involving 40 respondents. Protein, fat, and total soluble solids as well as viscosity and colour analysis were also assessed. Based on Principal Component Analysis on physical and chemical properties as well as sensory profile, it can be concluded that all non-dairy creamer tested in this study are not sufficiently able to replace the dairy creamer due to their higher fat content (p-value <0.05). Nonetheless, the FM878 is selected among non-dairy creamer as added ingredient for RTD-milk coffee based on JAR analysis.
Simulation of natural drying kinetics of carrot (Daucus carota L) on thickness variation
Authors: Haryanto B , Sinuhaji T R F , Tarigan E A , Tarigan M B , Sitepu N A Br
Published: June 2021

Drying is an easy method to apply and dependent on the type of sample on drying in food preservation. Natural drying uses simple materials and equipment. Sunlight uses as an energy resource to dry the sample. In this research, carrot used as drying samples with thickness variations. After 8 days, the largest weight loss value was found in sample 3 with a total reduction of 16.76 mg then, sample 2 was 8.64 mg and sample 3 was 5.10 mg. The best conditions for drying materials are open with directly exposed to direct sunlight with the average temperature was 31 °C. That was in comparing with sample in a room condition naturally at 27 °C and during raining at 25 °C. This study obtained that the kinetic drying models on carrot impacted by the sample thickness, the adding of drying time, and temperature of the drying operation area.
The response of several combination of plant growth regulators to shoot induction of fig (Ficus carica L.) var. improved celeste
Authors: Pratiwi R S D , Siregar L A M , Hanum C
Published: June 2021

Improved Celeste is one of the common types of fig and potential to be cultivated in Indonesia. This research aimed to study the effect of several combinations of plant growth regulators on shoot induction of fig var. Improved Celeste. The research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Food Crops and Horticulture, Gedung Johor, North Sumatra, Medan. The research using a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatment of plant growth regulators (PGR) consisted of 4 levels, namely, MS media+ 0.5 BAP, MS media + 1 BAP, MS media + 0.5 BAP + 0.1 IBA, and MS media + 2 BAP + 0.2 IBA. The results showed that the best plant growth regulators in promoting shoot formation at the induction stage of fig var. Improved Celeste is MS media + 2 BAP + 0.2 IBA.
Effect of ratio of oyster mushroom with straw mushroom and the type of filling flour on the quality of natural seasoning
Authors: Simanungkalit R , Karo-Karo T , Suhaidi I
Published: June 2021

Seasoning is one of food additives that needed to improve the taste of food. Natural seasoning can be obtained from plants, one of them is mushroom, especially from the class Basidiomycota. The purpose of this research to find the effect of ratio of oyster mushroom with straw mushroom and the type of filling flour on the quality of natural seasoning. This research was using factorial completely randomized design with two factors, i.e: ratio of oyster mushroom with straw mushroom (J): (20%:80%; 40%:60%; 60%:40%; 80%:20%) and type of filling flour (P): (wheat flour, rice flour, cornflour, cipera). The results showed that the ratio of oyster mushroom with straw mushroom had highly significant effect on water content, fat content, and brightness. Type of filling flour had highly significant effect on brightness, protein, fat, and crude fibre content. Interaction of two factors had highly significant effect on water, fat, and crude fibre content. The ratio of oyster mushroom with straw mushroom that is 60%:40% and cipera as filling flour (J3P4) produced the best quality of this research that obtained by deGarmo methods.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract and ethyl acetic extract of “sikam’s” barks (Bischofia javanica BL)
Authors: Ati R K M , Julianti E , Lubis Z
Published: June 2021

Sikam’s barks (Bischofia javanica BL) are used as seasoning by Simalungun People. People use it for nahi nasumbah. Nahi nasumbah is a kind of food that is made from fresh meat or undercooked meat. There have never been reports of food poisoning as a result of consuming it. This research was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract and ethyl acetic extract of Bischofia javanica BL barks. The screening was performed for phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, steroids/terpenoids, and alkaloids. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH Method. The study of phytochemical screening indicated that ethanol extract contains phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and ethyl acetic extract contains steroids/terpenoids. The antioxidant capacity indicated that IC50 ethanol extract of Bischofia javanica BL barks was 1,658 ppm and IC50 ethyl acetic extract of Bischofia javanica BL barks was 147.553 ppm. The results show that ethyl acetic extract activity is stronger than ethanol extract.
Application of heat transfer equations during unsteady-state condition to Indonesian cooked fermented soybean (Tempeh) in boiling and during cooling period
Authors: Yusraini E , Karo-Karo T
Published: June 2021

Tempeh originated from Indonesia. This nutritious food usually served after boiled, fried, steamed, or baked. The time duration to cook tempeh needs to analyses, especially to maintain its nutritional benefits. This study aimed to test the unsteady-state heat transfer equation’s suitability based on the Schneider chart during tempeh’s boiling and cooling. The stick-shaped tempeh using banana leaf packaging was cut to a size of 2 cm. The temperature at the centre of the tempeh during the heat and air penetration was measured every two minutes using a digital thermometer. The cp and k equations for predicting tempeh’s thermal diffusivity during the boiling and cooling time were not suitable. It resulted in inaccuracy in predicting the temperature inside the geometric centre in the experimental data using unsteady-state equations. The line equation based on experimental data at the boiling time was yb = -1.91 x2 + 23.69 x + 27.68; R2 =0.99 and during the cooling time was yc = 0.57 x2 - 10.37 x + 96.75; R2 = 0.99.
The potential of Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta
L.) and Dahlia (Dahlia spp L.) from Indonesia as prebiotic compound
Authors: Hilman A , Harmayani E , Cahyanto M N
Published: June 2021

Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta L) and dahlia (Dahlia L) are local plants that grow in Indonesia. This research was conducted to obtain the yield, inulin content, solubility, and white degree of gembili and dahlia by hot water, ethanol extraction, and compared by inulin commercial. This study used a completely randomized design with factorial, i.e., gembili from Gunungkidul and Sukoharjo; dahlia from Cibodas and Berastagi. The results showed that inulin extract of gembili gunungkidul, gembili sukoharjo, dahlia cibodas, and dahlia berastagi had a yield 10.84%, 10.53%, 29.00%, and 28.33%. The result showed that the inulin extract of samples was significantly different (P<0.05) on solubility and white degree. The results indicated that both gembili and dahlia contain inulin. The amount of inulin content of dahlia samples was higher in both dahlia cibodas and dahlia berastagi (21.84% and 21.14% db) than inulin gembili samples. Inulin extract from dahlia samples had higher solubility in both dahlia cibodas and dahlia berastagi (98.33% and 97.97% db) than inulin gembili models. However, the color test of inulin extract from gembili was lightness than inulin dahlia samples. It can be concluded that dahlia and gembili from Indonesia are potentially used as prebiotic sources.
Bioeconomic analysis of mackerel (Rastrelliger spp) in the Belawan Gabion Ocean Fishing Port, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Fadhilah A , Lorenza Y Y , Leidonald R , Siregar R F
Published: June 2021

Mackerel is a small pelagic fish with high economic value. Many fishermen catch mackerel in large scale to get high profits, so there is a concern that overfishing will occur in the future. This research was conducted to determine the potential size of mackerel fish resources from a bioeconomic analysis that consists of biological aspects (MSY) and economic aspects (MEY) and as well as the magnitude of the actual and optimal levels of mackerel fish utilization. This research used Gordon Schaefer Bioeconomic Model and the Slovin method with 85% confidence level in taking respondents by purposive sampling. The optimal utilization rate of mackerel does not exceed the MSY value which was 3,208,9724 tonnes/year, and there is under the TAC value, which is 80% of the MSY value. The next management effort can take carried out based on bioeconomic analysis were a reduction in the level of effort by 3683 trips and a reduction in the number of catches by 1,861 tons so that the water resources will be sustainable again. This can be done by limiting the fishing fleet.
Diversity and cover percents of macroalgae species in intertidal zone of Pane
Authors: Dewinta A F , Halomoan Y T , Susetya I E , Yusni E , Fadhilah A
Published: June 2021

Macroalgae or often referred to as seaweed is very abundant in Indonesian waters especially sea waters, including in Central Tapanuli. But it is unfortunate because not many people know about it, even though the seaweed has many benefits. This study aims to determine the amount of macroalgae cover and their diversity on one island in Central Tapanuli, namely Pane Island. This research was conducted from July to September 2019 in intertidal zone of Pane island with three observations, once a month. At the study site, three macroalgae classes were found consisting of six species, namely Sargassum crassifolium, Sargassum cristaefolium, Halimeda macroloba, Padina minor, Turbinaria decurrens and Hypnea pannosa. The highest macroalgae cover percent is occupied by Phaeophyta division and the lowest macroalgae cover percent is occupied by Rhodophyta division.
Morphology and condition factor of signal barb fish (Labiobarbus festivus) at the Tasik River, South Labuhanbatu Regency, Sumatra Utara Province
Authors: Desrita  , Yanti R , Rambey R , Yusni E , Hasibuan J S
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the morphometric and meristic characteristics, growth of Signal barb fish in the Tasik river. The method used in this research is a survey method. Morphometric characteristics of Signal barb fish Bodyweight (BW) ranges from 4-73 gr, Total Length (TL), Standard Length 6.3-15.5 mm (SL), Head Length (HL) 1.8-2.5, Snout Length (SL) 0.5, Dorsal Fin Height (DFH) 2.3, Dorsal Fin Length (DFL) 3-7, Eye Diameter (EM) 0.8, Tail Trunk Height (TTH) 0.8-1.8, Body Height (BH) 2-4.5, Pectoral Fin Length (PFL) 2 cm and Belly Fin Length (BFL) 2 cm. The meristic characteristics of Signal barb fish are the number of Linnea Literalis (LL) as many as 35-38 scale, 13 Circular Body Scales (CBS), 11-13 Front Fin Dorsal Scales (FFDS), the Scales Around the Tail (SAT) a total of 5, Dorsal Fin (DF) of DI. 23-26 fin radii, Ventral Fin (VF) of 9 fin radii, Pectoral Fin (PF) of 11-14, Anal Fin (AF) a total of 7 fin radii and a Caudal Fin (CF) a total of 20-22 fin radii. The growth pattern of signal barb fish in the Tasik River is negative allometric with the condition factor value an average value of 0.42
Distribution of sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) on rice (Oryza sativa L) in Northern Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Pratiwi W , Safni I , Oemry S , Lisnawita
Published: June 2021

Sheath blight is one of the most important fungal rice diseases worldwide as well as in Indonesia, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Yield losses caused by sheath blight disease in the tropics reached 6%. This research was conducted by survey technique to measure the disease incidence and disease severity on rice plants in 13 (thirteen) locations representing 12 (twelve) districts in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Variable values of disease incidence and disease severity were found in surveyed locations. The results showed that Sumber Tani Talawi in Batubara district had both the highest disease incidence (99.48%) and the highest disease severity (12.36%).
Utilization of the yard to support family food security in the pandemic time of Covid-19
Authors: Edi S
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to provide and alternatives to the use of relatively narrow yards for cultivating hydroponic vegetables that are environmentally friendly and free from chemical pesticide residues. The activity was carried out in RT 9 Handil Jaya Village, Jelutung District, Jambi City during the Covid-19 pandemic from March to August 2020. Data collected has material requirements, production, distribution, and the impact of activities. The data were analysed quantitatively. The hydroponic technology of the Nutrient Film Technique system is placed attached to the yard fence using 12 rods of 3-inch pipe with a length of 3 m and a distance of 15 cm so that there are 240 planting holes using one reservoir. Several types of vegetables are planted, such as celery, lettuce, spinach, kale, pakcoy and kailan, which are planted as needed and harvest. The production of this vegetable has exceeded the needs of the family and even sold to markets, kebab and burger traders for 25,000 IDR. Farming profit is 538,703 IDR for every 40 days of harvest or 4,309,624 IDR in 8 harvests a year. Based on the calculation of B/C Ratio and R/C Ratio, this farming deserves to be continued and provides benefits.
Analysis of yields quantity and quality of several sweet potatoes genotypes at different harvest ages
Authors: Rahmawati N , Sipayung R , Widya R
Published: June 2021

Efforts to increase production and yield quality can be done by planting local superior genotypes and setting the right harvest ages. This research was conducted to analyse the effect of harvesting age and genotype on the quantity and quality of sweet potato production. The location of planting in the research area on Jalan Pasar 1 Medan Selayang, from May to September 2019. This research used a randomized block design with 2 factors, namely local genotype (Perbaungan, Cengkeh Turi with orange tuber, Cengkeh Turi with yellow tuber), Beta-1 and harvest age (14,16, and 18 weeks). The highest production quantity indicated by the tuber weight, the best harvest quality indicated by the fresh tuber grade A grading and the highest yield index were the local genotypes of Cengkeh Turi with yellow tubers. The highest grade B fresh tuber grading was produced by Perbaungan local genotypes. Beta -1 variety produced the highest plant fresh weight. Sweet potato harvested at the age of 18 weeks produced the highest tuber weight, the best grade A fresh tuber grading, and the highest yield index. Production weight and yield quality were not influenced by the interaction between the treatment of harvest age and sweet potato genotype.
Morphology identification and description of coffee plants (Coffea sp) in Karo District
Authors: Vionita S , Kardhinata E H , Damanik R I
Published: June 2021

Coffee is individual of the other plantation supplies that has a great commercial worth amid other estate harvests and plays a significant role as a basis of external exchange. This research aims to identify and determine the morphological characters of coffee plants (Coffea sp) in the three Sub-Districts Merek, Naman Teran, and Simpang Empat, Districts of Tanah Karo, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The research was conducted in 2019 which consisted of 27 plant samples. This research is an exploratory research which is conducted by survey and the sample is taken by using accidental sampling method. Observation of coffee morphological characters based on the IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) descriptor manual. The results showed that 27 coffee accessions found in each location had a relatively close similarity distance with the farthest kinship value of 8.813 found in the K26 and K8 accessions.
Gene action and heritability of F4 generation derived from the crossing of Silopuk red rice cultivar with superior Fatmawati variety
Authors: Wahyuni H , Yusniwati  , Simanjuntak A P , Swasti E
Published: June 2021

Population F4 is a segregated population the character of certai, so important to know the parameters of genetics. The purpose of our research to determine action of gene and the values expected heritability population F4 (Silopuk X Fatmawati). The research has been from month of October 2017 to February 2018 in land farmer Padang Limau Manis. The research use method experiment without repitition the head to row with analysis Z Skewness and Z Kurtosis. The genetic material of this research is rice seed on the F3 generation from the selection of pedigree crosses between silopuk and Fatmawati superior variety and the other seeds were Silopuk cultivar and Fatmawati superior variety as control. The research data showed that Z test skewness and Z test Kurtosis for whole characters observed were dominant controlled by minor genes. The character age of flowering, plant height, length of panicle and percentage filled grain per panicle were controlled by many gene additive. The broad heritability value for all character observed in the F4 population ranged from 0.01-0.99 with low to high criteria.
Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with linseed oil with diethyl carbonate
Authors: Udayakumar P. , Kasiraman G
Published: June 2021

In the current investigation non-consumable Linseed oil is was utilized as alternative source for diesel engine fuel. The examination was done by utilizing diesel, linseed oil-mix and Di-ethyl carbonate as an additive at different loads from 0 kg to 16 kg. The blends arranged were B20, B40, B60, B80, B100. The fuel was by tested by performance and emission characteristics on a single chamber four stroke diesel engine. Performance parameters, for example, Brake thermal efficiency, Brake specific fuel consumption were studied and emission parameters, for example, CO, CO2, O2, NOx, and HC were estimated. The Brake thermal efficiency increments with increment in load however its lower when contrasted with diesel. The Brake specific fuel consumption likewise decreases with increment in load. The blends give somewhat lesser CO2 at medium and most extreme load when contrasted with diesel. In any case, different emissions are greater than diesel at all loads.
Antibody heavy chain CDR3 length-dependent usage of human IGHJ4 and IGHJ6 germline genes
Authors: Wang Huimin , Yan Kai , Wang Ruixue , Yang Yi , Shen Yuelei , Yu Changyuan , Chen Lei
Published: June 2021

Therapeutic antibody discovery using synthetic diversity has been proved productive, especially for target proteins not suitable for traditional animal immunization-based antibody discovery approaches. Recently, many lines of evidences suggest that the quality of synthetic diversity design limits the development success of synthetic antibody hits. The aim of our study is to understand the quality limitation and to properly address the challenges with a better design. Using VH3–23 as a model framework, we observed and quantitatively mapped CDR-H3 loop length-dependent usage of human IGHJ4 and IGHJ6 germline genes in the natural human immune repertoire. Skewed usage of DH2-JH6 and DH3-JH6 rearrangements was quantitatively determined in a CDR-H3 length-dependent manner in natural human antibodies with long CDR-H3 loops. Structural modeling suggests choices of JH help to stabilize antibody CDR-H3 loop and JH only partially contributes to the paratope. Our observations shed light on the design of next-generation synthetic diversity with improved probability of success.
Assessment and Comparison of Two Different Methods to Extract Nucleic Acids From Individual Honey Bees
Authors: Swami Rohan , Ganser Brooke , Tarpy David R , Strand Micheline K , Li-Byarlay Hongmei
Published: June 2021

The honey bee is an excellent model system to study behavioral ecology, behavioral genetics, and sociogenomics. Nucleic acid-based analyses enable a broad scope of research in functional genomics, disease diagnostics, mutant screening, and genetic breeding. Multiple levels of analysis lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the causes of phenotypic variation by integrating genomic variation, transcriptomic profiles, and epigenomic information. One limitation, however, is the sample preparation procedures to obtain high quality DNA and RNA simultaneously, particularly from small amounts of material, such as tissues of individual bees. We demonstrate that it is feasible to perform dual extractions of DNA and RNA from a single individual bee and compare the quality and quantity of the extracted nucleic acids using two different types of methods. There was a greater total yield of DNA and RNA from ethanol-based extractions with minimal differences in overall concentration in ng/uL. We describe here the first validated method for dual extraction of DNA and RNA specifically from individual honey bees (Apis mellifera).
Pain Appraisals in Patients with Physical Injury: Assessing the Role of Distress Tolerance in the Relationship between Depression and Pain Catastrophizing
Authors: Hruschak Valerie J , Yuan Yan , Ringwald Whitney , Beaugard Corinne , Repine Melissa , Pacella-LaBarbara Maria , Rosen Daniel , Cochran Gerald
Published: June 2021

Pain is a complex construct contributing to significant impairment, particularly among physically injured patients seeking treatment in trauma and orthopedic surgery settings in which social workers are an integral component of care. The biopsychosocial theory, fear-avoidance, and cognitive mediation models of pain suggest that psychological factors (for example, depression) affect one’s ability to tolerate distress, leading to negative pain appraisals, such as catastrophizing. This study examined whether distress tolerance serves as a mechanism by which depression is associated with pain catastrophizing. We administered a health survey to outpatient trauma and orthopedic surgery clinic patients who were using opioid medications; 84 patients were included in the final analysis; 39.3 percent screened positive for depression. A multilevel mediation model using structural equation modeling revealed a significant direct effect from depression to pain catastrophizing (ß = .31, z = 3.96, p < .001) and a significant indirect effect by distress tolerance (Δß = .27, z = 3.84, p < .001). These results, which suggest that distress tolerance partially mediated the path from depression to pain catastrophizing, can inform social workers and other members of the multidisciplinary team about both the critical role of psychosocial factors after injury and interventions to improve postinjury recovery.
Daily Signaling Rate and the Duration of Sound per Signal are Negatively Related in Neotropical Forest Katydids
Authors: Symes Laurel B , Robillard Tony , Martinson Sharon J , Dong Jiajia , Kernan Ciara E , Miller Colleen R , ter Hofstede Hannah M
Published: June 2021

Researchers have long examined the structure of animal advertisement signals, but comparatively little is known about how often these signals are repeated and what factors predict variation in signaling rate across species. Here, we focus on acoustic advertisement signals to test the hypothesis that calling males experience a tradeoff between investment in the duration or complexity of individual calls and investment in signaling over long time periods. This hypothesis predicts that the number of signals that a male produces per 24 h will negatively correlate with (1) the duration of sound that is produced in each call (the sum of all pulses) and (2) the number of sound pulses per call. To test this hypothesis, we measured call parameters and the number of calls produced per 24 h in 16 species of sympatric phaneropterine katydids from the Panamanian rainforest. This assemblage also provided us with the opportunity to test a second taxonomically specific hypothesis about signaling rates in taxa such as phaneropterine katydids that transition from advertisement calls to mating duets to facilitate mate localization. To establish duets, male phaneropterine katydids call and females produce a short acoustic reply. These duets facilitate searching by males, females, or both sexes, depending on the species. We test the hypothesis that males invest either in calling or in searching for females. This hypothesis predicts a negative relationship between how often males signal over 24 h and how much males move across the landscape relative to females. For the first hypothesis, there was a strong negative relationship between the number of signals and the duration of sound that is produced in each signal, but we find no relationship between the number of signals produced per 24 h and the number of pulses per signal. This result suggests the presence of cross-taxa tradeoffs that limit signal production and duration, but not the structure of individual signals. These tradeoffs could be driven by energetic limitations, predation pressure, signal efficacy, or other signaling costs. For the second hypothesis, we find a negative relationship between the number of signals produced per day and proportion of the light trap catch that is male, likely reflecting males investing either in calling or in searching. These cross-taxa relationships point to the presence of pervasive trade-offs that fundamentally shape the spatial and temporal dynamics of communication.
Rethinking Intersections of Crime and Terrorism: Insights from Political Economies of Violence
Authors: Omelicheva Mariya Y , Markowitz Lawrence P
Published: June 2021

The post–Cold War environment has ushered in an era of threats from terrorism, organized crime, and their intersections giving rise to the growing literature on the so-called crime–terror nexus. This article takes stock of this literature, assesses its accomplishments and limitations, and considers ways to deepen it conceptually, theoretically, and empirically. To challenge assumptions informing the crime–terror studies and suggest avenues for future research, the article draws on ideas from the scholarship on political economies of violence. These insights are used to probe the (1) non-state actors that form the crime–terror nexus, (2) conditions under which the nexus is likely to emerge, and (3) varied effects of criminal–terrorist intersections. The article emphasizes the ties of criminal and terrorist groups to local politics, society, and economy, and relationships of competition, rather than cooperation, which often characterize these ties. The conditions under which these groups operate cannot be understood without considering the role of the state in criminal–terrorist constellations. The structure of resource economies influences both the preferences of terrorist groups for crime and the consequences of terrorist–criminal convergence, which are also mediated by state participation in crime.
Efficacy of nikkomycin Z in murine CNS coccidioidomycosis: modelling sustained-release dosing
Authors: Sass Gabriele , Larwood David J , Martinez Marife , Shrestha Pallabi , Stevens David A
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Meningitis is the most feared coccidioidomycosis complication. Nikkomycin Z (nikZ) is a chitin synthase inhibitor. A concern is short half-life, necessitating multiple dose/day regimens. We simulated extended release, providing nikZ in drinking water. Extended release would enhance convenience, and adherence, for patients.

Methods

Coccidioides posadasii was injected intracerebrally into mice. Twelve day treatments began on Day 3. Fluconazole was given 100 mg/kg once daily (gavage); designed doses of nikZ 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg/day in drinking water. On Day 30 post-treatment, survivors were euthanized, brain cfu quantitated and cfu in other organs assessed.

Results

nikZ was stable in drinking water. Survival was 11%, 50%, 70%, 90% and 100% in untreated controls, fluconazole and nikZ 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively ; nikZ 300 mg/kg/day was superior (P ≤ 0.01) to fluconazole. Brains were sterilized in 0%, 20%, 86%, 89% and 80% of mice, respectively; nikZ 100 or 300 mg/kg/day was superior (P ≤ 0.01) to fluconazole. Clearance of infection in other organs was similar. All decreased drinking after infection, causing nikZ mice to ingest less than the desired dose in early therapy; despite this, they recovered sufficiently to resume pre-infection drinking and designed drug intakes. Thus, when sickest, even less than the designed dose was sufficient to enable recovery.

Conclusions

This efficacy supports the development of sustained-release nikZ. Decreased intake wouldn’t be a factor in humans, receiving drug via extended-release pill or continuous IV infusion. In prior studies (twice daily nikZ) of murine coccidioidal meningitis, results were inferior, suggesting sustained release may provide both convenience and superior outcomes.
Engineering Thermotoga maritima β-glucosidase for improved alkyl glycosides synthesis by site-directed mutagenesis
Authors: Xue Yemin , Xue Mengke , Xie Fang , Zhang Mengchen , Zhao Hongyang , Zhou Tao
Published: June 2021

Alkyl glycosides are well-characterized nonionic surfactants, and can be prepared by transglycosylation reactions with retaining GH1 glycosidases being normally used for this purpose. The produced alkyl glycosides can also be hydrolyzed by the glycosidase, and hence, the yields of alkyl glycosides can be too low for industrial use. To improve the transglycosylation-to-hydrolysis ratio for a β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima (TmBglA) for the synthesis of alkyl glycoside, six mutants (N222F, N223C, N223Q, G224A, Y295F, and F414S) were produced. N222F, N223C, N223Q, G224A improved catalytic activity, F295Y and F414S are hydrolytically crippled with p-nitrophenol-β-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as substrate with an 85 and 70-fold decrease in apparent kcat, respectively; N222F shows the highest kcat/km value for pNPG. The substrate selectivity altered from pNPG to pNP-β-d-fucoside for N222F, F295Y, and F414S and from cellubiose to gentiobiose for N222F and F414S. Using pNPG (34 mM) and hexanol 80% (vol/vol), N222F, Y295F, and F414S synthesized hexyl-β-glycoside (HG) yields of 84.7%, 50.9%, and 54.1%, respectively, HG increased from 14.49 (TmBglA) to 22.8 mM (N222F) at 2 hr by 57.42%. However, this higher transglycosylation effect depended on that three mutants creates an environment more suited for hexanol in the active site pocket, and consequently suppressed its HG hydrolysis.
Sarcomatous Meningioma: Diagnostic Pitfalls and the Utility of Molecular Testing
Authors: Lucas Calixto-Hope G , Devine Patrick , Solomon David A , Giannini Caterina , Reifenberger Guido , Dahiya Sonika , Caccamo Dario , Perry Arie
Published: June 2021

Anaplastic meningiomas can have a sarcomatous appearance on histology but true sarcomatous (metaplastic) differentiation is rare. These tumors follow an aggressive clinical course with recurrence and poor clinical outcomes. Due to significant overlap in morphology and immunohistochemical profiles, distinguishing between sarcomatous transformation of a meningioma and a true sarcoma can be challenging. Here, we outline potential diagnostic pitfalls and the utility of ancillary molecular testing in 3 patients diagnosed with sarcomatous meningiomas. We report loss of typical meningothelial markers in sarcomatous meningiomas. Ancillary molecular testing can support the diagnosis of sarcomatous meningioma when a molecular signature consistent with meningioma is seen, such as inactivation of the NF2 gene. Recognition of this rare transformation in meningioma can prevent a misdiagnosis of a primary sarcoma, whether sporadic or radiation-induced from prior treatment of a more classic meningioma.
Exploring the factors that influence healthcare providers care quality in Jordanian hospitals: the perspectives of nurses, pharmacists and physicians
Authors: Algunmeeyn Abdullah , El-Dahiyat Faris , Al-Hussami Mahmoud
Published: June 2021

Objectives

The key point of this investigation is to explore factors that influence healthcare providers’ quality care in government hospitals in Jordan, from the perspective of nurses, pharmacists and physicians.

Method

A qualitative technique (case study) was executed in this project. Semi-structured interviews (face-to-face) were used. The thematic analysis was applied in this study. The interviews were conducted with five physicians, five pharmacists and five nurses at different levels, including different specialists from Jordanian government hospitals.

Key findings

Four vital factor influencing of nu healthcare providers’ quality care were recognised in the sampled hospitals: manager ability and leadership support of staff, adequate and qualified hospital nurses and physicians, building a trusting work environment and good salaries and incentive.

Conclusions

This examination attempted to offer an in-depth comprehending factor that impacts healthcare providers’ quality care. Furthermore, it contributes to healthcare theory and practice by developing a conceptual framework that offers policymakers and managers a practical understanding of factors that influence healthcare providers’ quality care.
Transversus abdominis release for complex incisional hernias—a case report
Authors: Basukala Sunil , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Thapa Narayan , Rayamajhi Bikash Bahadur , Mishra Raveesh , Mandal Pankaj
Published: June 2021

Complex ventral hernia repair has been a challenging task of difficulty in primary closure of the defects. Transversus abdominis muscle release (TAR) procedure, as a type of posterior component separation, is a new myofascial release technique in complex ventral hernia repair. TAR creates immense retro muscular plane and allows bilaminar ingrowth of the mesh, allowing primary closure of defect. Owing to its favorable outcome, suitability of TAR technique in treatment of complex ventral hernia could be explored further where closure of the primary defect is difficult.