bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN YARATICILIK DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: POLAT Musa , KONTAŞ Hakkı
Published: January 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin yaratıcılık
düzeylerini incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Adıyaman ili Kâhta
ilçesinde 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılında 8 ilkokulda görev yapan 189 sınıf
öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma tarama modelinde betimsel bir çalışmadır.
Araştırmada, sınıf öğretmenlerinin yaratıcılık düzeylerini belirlemek için “Ne
Kadar Yaratıcısınız?” ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada yaratıcılık
ölçeğinin güvenirliği .86 olarak bulunmuştur. Verilerin analizinde, bağımsız
gruplar t-testi, Mann Whitney-U ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) testleri kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın sonucuna göre, sınıf öğretmenlerinin yaratıcılık düzeyleri ile
cinsiyetleri, medeni durumları, anne ve baba eğitim düzeyleri açısından anlamlı
bir fark bulunmazken, öğretmenlerin mesleki kıdemleri, çocukluklarının geçtiği
yerleşim birimleri, kitap okuma alışkanlıkları durumuna göre istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda araştırma sonuçlarına göre, sınıf
öğretmenlerinin büyük çoğunluğunun düşük düzeyde yaratıcı olduğu görülmektedir.
GENDER REPRESENTATIONS IN HIGH SCHOOL EFL COURSEBOOKS: AN INVESTIGATION OF JOB AND ADJECTIVE ATTRIBUTIONS
Authors: SÖĞÜT Sibel
Published: January 2019

Gender-biased representations in coursebooks have the potential to affect learners and teacher in
terms of their attitudes, mindsets, and values. Considering the crucial importance of the
coursebooks in Turkish educational context, the present study aims to shed light on the distribution
of the gender roles in the coursebooks by examining job and adjective attributions. Within the scope
of this aim, the data of the study consist of high school EFL coursebooks and workbooks published
by the Turkish Ministry of National Education. In the data analysis procedure, a frequency count
was done to identify a number of roles attributed to female and male characters. In this respect, the
frequencies of jobs and adjective attributions of male and female characters were determined by
counting the tokens. In the following step, jobs and adjectives attributed to female and male
characters are classified and compared. As a result of the analysis, female and male characters in
the coursebooks differ from each other in terms of both the number and variety of jobs attributed
to them in spite of some similar jobs (e.g., teacher, doctor, architect) and adjectives (e.g., famous,
thoughtful, successful) attributed to both genders. The possible reasons underlying the
aforementioned differences are discussed and explained in detail by taking the Turkish educational
and social setting into consideration
Phage Buffer v1
Authors: Steven Wilhelm Dr.
Published: January 2019

Please contact Dr. Steven Wilhelm (wilhelm@utk.edu) for additional information regarding this protocol.
7. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YÜZDELER KONUSUNDA YAŞADIKLARI ZORLUKLAR VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: ERDEM Emrullah , ÖZÇELİK Abdullah , GÜRBÜZ Ramazan
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmanın
amacı, 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin yüzdeler konusunda yaşadıkları zorlukları
belirlemektir. Araştırma, Türkiye’nin bir ilindeki farklı sosyo-ekonomik
çevrelerde bulunan 7 farklı ortaokulda okuyan 218 yedinci sınıf öğrencisinin
katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak, yüzdeler konusunda
yaşanan zorlukları ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla geliştirilen ve 30 sorudan oluşan
Yüzdeler Konusu Testi (YKT) kullanılmıştır. Karma (nicel+nitel) yöntemin
kullanıldığı bu araştırmanın nicel verileri t-testiyle, nitel verileri ise
içerik analizi tekniğiyle analiz edilmiş ve yedi kategoriye ulaşılmıştır.
Yapılan analizler, yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin yüzdeler konusundaki başarı
ortalamalarının orta düzeye yakın olduğunu ve kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere
göre anlamlı düzeyde daha başarılı olduklarını göstermiştir. Katılımcıların yüzde kavramını anlama ve yorumlamada, belli bir
yüzdesi verilen bir miktarı bulmada, bir çokluğu diğer bir çokluğun yüzdesi
olarak yazmada, bir miktarın belli bir yüzdesine karşılık gelen miktarı
bulmada, kesir-ondalık gösterim-yüzde dönüşümünü yapmada ve miktar ile yüzde
oranı arasındaki farkı ayırt etmede zorluk yaşadıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca
öğrencilerin yüzde oranlarındaki toplamı doğal sayıların eşitliği gibi
düşünerek kavram yanılgısına düştükleri görülmüştür.
Erken Çocukluk Dönemi Öğretmen Adaylarının Çokkültürlü Eğitime Yönelik Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: KİMZAN İlayda , ARIKAN Arzu
Published: January 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı okul öncesi ve sınıf öğretmeni
adaylarının çokkültürlü eğitime yönelik tutumlarını çeşitli demografik
değişkenler açısından betimlemektir. Bu çalışma nicel yöntemlerden ilişkisel
tarama modelinde yürütülmüş bir araştırmanın parçası olup örneklemi kolay
ulaşılabilir örneklemdir. İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde bir devlet üniversitesinde
2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılında okul öncesi ve sınıf öğretmenliğinde okuyan
550 öğretmen adayı çalışmaya katılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında veri toplama
aracı olarak “Öğretmen Adaylarına Yönelik Çokkültürlü Tutum Ölçeği” ve 22
soruluk Genel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. 
Veri analizi aşamasında geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları, normallik
testleri, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve non-parametrik testlerden Kruskall
Wallis, Mann Whitney U ve Spearman Korelasyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma
sonucunda erken çocukluk dönemi öğretmen adaylarının çokkültürlü eğitime
yönelik tutumlarının ortalamanın üzerinde olumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmen
adaylarının bu tutumlarında, cinsiyetine göre, annelerinin eğitim durumuna
göre, toplumsal cinsiyet ve çokkültürlü eğitim konularında çalışmalara katılım
durumlarına göre, farklı kültürel deneyimlere sahip olma durumlarına göre ve
herhangi bir farklılıklarından dolayı ayrımcılığa maruz kalma durumlarına göre
anlamlı farklar vardır. Aynı zamanda öğretmen adaylarının ders dışında aktivite
yapma sıklıkları ve farklı gruplardan arkadaşlara sahip olmaları ile çokkültürlü
eğitime yönelik tutumları arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişki vardır..
ŞÜKRAN ÖLÇEĞİ: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Kardaş Ferhat , Yalçın İlhan
Published: January 2019

Şükran,
alanyazında bireyin gördüğü bir
yardım ve iyilik karşısında yardım eden kişiye yönelik minnet duyguları, görülen
bir faydaya karşı memnuniyet hissini ifade eden bir duygu ve birbiriyle
ilişkili çeşitli alt boyutlardan ve düzeylerden oluşan genel bir kişilik
yönelimi gibi farklı şekillerde
tanımlanmaktadır. Bu araştırmada son yıllarda bireylerin ruh sağlığını iyileştirmede
etkili bir kaynak haline gelen şükran duymaya yönelik bir ölçme aracı
geliştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çerçevede ilgili alanyazın taramaları ve ön
analizlerden sonra oluşturulan ölçek formu üniversite öğrencilerine uygulanmış
ve geçerlik-güvenirlik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda
25 madde ve 6 alt boyuttan oluşan bir yapı elde edilmiş ve ortaya çıkan yapının
geçerlik ve güvenirlik değerlerinin iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna göre şükran
duyma; Pozitif Sosyal Karşılaştırma, Olumlu Olana
Odaklanma, Aile ve Çevrenin Katkılarını Fark Etme, Mahrumiyet Yerine Bolluk
Hissi, Küçük Şeylere Şükran Duyma ve Şükranı İfade Etme alt boyutlarından
oluşan çok boyutlu bir yapıdır. Ölçeğin benzer ölçek geçerliği analizleri yaşam
doyumu ve algılanan sosyal destek değişkenleriyle yapılmış ve değişkenler
arasında anlamlı pozitif ilişkilerin olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Buna göre,
Şükran Ölçeği bireylerin şükran duyma durumlarını geçerli ve güvenilir şekilde
ölçen bir araç olarak ilgili araştırmalarda kullanılabilir
SİVAS İLİNDE ÖĞRENİM GÖREN YABANCI UYRUKLU ÖĞRENCİLERİN OKUL İKLİMİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Doğan Soner , Özdemir Çetin
Published: January 2019

Türkiye’de
yaygınlaşan göç hareketleri, bu durumun sosyo-ekonomik sonuçlarından etkilenen
insan sayısını artırmaktadır. Bu insanların önemli bir bölümünü çocuklar
oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle yabancı uyruklu çocukların eğitimi konusu, her
geçen gün daha büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma,
Sivas’ta öğrenim gören yabancı uyruklu
öğrencilerin okul iklimi
ile etkileşimlerini tespit
etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bunun için Sivas’taki okul
yöneticilerinin, öğretmenlerin ve öğrencilerin görüşlerine başvurulmuştur.
Betimsel araştırma modelinde nitel durum çalışması desenine göre yürütülen bu
araştırmada, görüşme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmacı tarafından “yarı
yapılandırılmış görüşme formu” geliştirilmiş, görüşme formunda 10 konu başlığı
belirlenmiştir. Yapılan görüşmelerde 645 dakikalık ses kaydı alınmış ve bunlar
209 sayfalık metne dönüştürülerek veri çözümlemeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada
yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin, “genel güvenlik ve düzenlilik”, “sınıf
yönetimi”, “öğretmen-öğrenci ilişkileri”, “sosyal kültürel sportif
etkinlikler” ve “davranışsal
değerler ve okul disiplini” boyutlarında okul iklimi üzerinde anlamlı bir
etkilerinin olmadığı görüşünün ağırlık kazandığı tespit edilmiştir. Yabancı
uyruklu öğrencilerin, okul ikliminin “öğrenciler arası ilişkiler” boyutunu
“olumlu” yönde, “veli okul ilişkileri” ve “akademik başarı” boyutunu ise
“olumsuz” yönde etkiledikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yabancı uyruklu
öğrencilerin uyum sorunlarının çözümü ve okula intibaklarının sağlanması
konusunda okul ve daha üst düzeydeki kurum ve kuruluşlar tarafından yapılan
çalışmaların yetersiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Fish Processing Using Geothermal Sources in Village Idamdehe West Halmahera District North Maluku Province
Authors: Baksir Abdurrachman , Daud Kadri , Wibowo Eko Setyabudi , Akbar Nebuchadnezzar , Haji Irfan
Published: January 2019

Idamdehe village has geothermal potential that can be used for fish processing. However, until now the use of this potential has not been carried out optimally. Geothermal in this area is only used as a tourist
attraction for local people to visit. However, utilization for fisheries processing has not been carried out. This research aimed to observe the use of geothermal in fisheries processing. The research method was carried out with different treatments, including traditional and conventional methods. Fish samples used for processing were yellowstrip scad fish (Selaroides leptolepis). The results of the study showed the value of geothermal vapor temperature increased along with the increase of the depth of excavation, namely in 20 cm with a temperature value of 90oC, a depth of 30 cm with a temperature of 100oC. The process of fish processing using geothermal steam only took 30 minutes with a temperature of 100oC, while the conventional method using geothermal steam took 1 hour with a temperature of 100oC.
Extraction and characterization of acid-soluble collagen and pepsin-soluble collagen from the dry scales of the striped snakehead (Channa striatus)
Authors: Pamungkas Bagus Fajar , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Murdiati Agnes , Indrati Retno
Published: January 2019

Characteristics of collagen are influenced by the source of raw materials and extraction methods used. The aim of this research was to characterize the acid- and pepsin-soluble collagens from the dry scales of the striped snakehead (Channa striatus). Collagen was extracted using to methods including 0.5 M acetic acid and 0.1% pepsin. The yield of acid soluble collagen (KLA-SH) and pepsin soluble collagen (KLP-SH) were 0.98% and 1.94%, respectively. KLA-SH and KLP-SH contained glycine as the major amino acid and had high imino acid group content i.e 226 and 230 residues/1.000 residues, respectively. FTIR spectra of KLA-SH and KLP-SH showed that of the structure of collagen could be maintained in the form of triple helix structure. KLA-SH and KLP-SH consisted of α1- and α2-chain, β-chain, and γ-chain and is suggested as type I collagen.
Denominaciones de algunas legumbres en la provincia leonesa
Authors: Le Men Loyer Janick
Published: January 2019

El año internacional de las legrumbres nos brinda la ocasión de enfocarlas desde el punto de vista linguístico. Dentro de la gran familia de las leguminosas, estudiaremos solo las que tienen un valor alimenticio, tales como las judías, habas, lentejas, garbanzos, altramuces, almortas o guisantes. No se trata de describirlas con todo lujo de detalles (responsabilidad de los botánicos), sino de recoger las numerosas denominaciones que reciben en la provincia leonesa; algunas exclusivas de Léon, otras conocidas en otras tierras. Ahora bien, las correspondencias entre los nombres vulgares y científicos son, a menudo, difíciles de establecer porque, en muchos casos, esos nombres designan, según las zonas, especias distintas.
Estudio de la precipitación mediante disdrómetros
Authors: Fernández Raga María
Published: January 2019

A lo largo de este trabajo se abordan varios aspectos relacionados con las medidas de las gotas que llegan a la superficie terrestre, determinadas mediante el uso de los disdrómetros ópticos. Se analizan también las incertidumbres y utilidades que estos datos pueden tener a nivel práctico. Se habla primeramente de la importancia del conocimiento del número y tamaño de las gostas de lluvia para poder determinar aspectos tan diferentes como la dispersión de la señal de las ondas de radio o la determinación de la erosión del suelo por salpicadura. Así mismo, también se aborda la historia de la mediciónde las gotas, de los principales hallazgos al respecto, así como del funcionamiento de los disdrómetros ópticos. Los disdrómetos son los actuales sistemas de medición automática terrestre del número, tamaño y velocidad de las gotas de lluvia, y gracias a ellos se pueden calcular variables características de la precipitación como son la reflectivilidad, la energía cinética y el momento lineal en cada minuto de lluvia. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, los profesores de la Unievrsidad de León han caracterizado los distintos episodios de precipitación con estos aparatos, y se han comparado cronológicamente los resultados obtenidos tanto en una misma zona como en áreas localizadas en puntos diversos. Así mismo también se han realizado diversos estudios de erosión de suelo y se han analizado posibles relaciones existentes entre las características de la lluvia y el tipo de tiempo determinado para cada uno de los días de precipitación.
De la Dendrología, pasando por la Fitobacteriología, al Registro de Variedades Protegidas para el título de Obtención Vegetal
Authors: Villalón Robles María José
Published: January 2019

María José Villalón Robles narra su experiencia profesional tras finalizar sus estudios de la facultad de Biología en la Universidad de León.
Turismo doméstico y educación escolar = Domestic tourism and school education
Authors: Somoza Medina Marta
Published: January 2019

Desde un amplio marco que abarca el papel que en el Turismo juegan la Arquitectura, el Urbanismo y el Paisaje, este texto investiga cómo fomentar el conocimiento del espacio que nos rodea, desde una enseñanza creativa que introduzca metodologías abiertas. A partir de una experiencia concreta de talleres en familia llevados a cabo en Ourense entre los años 2015 y 2018, se exponen reflexiones sobre el territorio de la Galicia interior, con especial atención a cómo estos lugares y sus ambientes son observados y representados por niños y niñas. Cada uno de los tres proyectos expuestos es planteado como una investigación abierta sobre el entorno, que es analizado en sus distintas facetas y escalas: “Paisajes Habitados” reflexiona sobre el territorio que rodea a pequeñas ciudades y aldeas, reconociendo formas, usos y percepciones; “La Ciudad como suma de Formas y Procesos”, explica la ciudad como aglomerado de volúmenes y miradas, como ente que evoluciona en el tiempo y como contenedor de flujos y actividades, “Ambientes y Sentidos” trabaja sobre los espacios de juego que los pequeños utilizan de modo cotidiano, subrayando la importancia de la atmósfera a la hora de experimentar un lugar.El análisis de la actitud de los participantes, de los lugares visitados, de los tipos de actividades realizados y de los aspectos educativos que conllevan, revela un posible tipo de turismo doméstico, que no ve el sitio visitado como un objeto de consumo, y que se muestra sostenible desde un punto de vista económico, social y cultural.From a broad framework that encompasses the role that Architecture, Urbanism and Landscape play in Tourism, this text investigates how to foment the knowledge of the space around us, from a creative teaching that introduces open methodologies. From a concrete experience of family workshops carried out in Ourense between 2015 and 2018, reflections on the inland territory of Galicia are exposed, with special attention to how these places and their characters are observed and represented by children. Each of the three projects exposed is considered as an open research on the environment, which is analyzed in its different facets and scales: “Inhabited Landscapes” thinks on the territory surrounding our small towns and villages, recognising forms, uses and perceptions; “The City as the sum of Forms and Processes” explains the city as an agglomerate of volumes and glances, as an entity that evolves over time and as a container of flows and activities; “Atmosfheres and Senses” works on the playgrounds that children use on daily routines, underlining the importance of the atmosphere when experiencing a place. The consideration of the participants’ attitude, the places visited, the types of activities carried out and the educational aspects envolved, reveals a possible type of domestic tourism, which does not see the visited site as a consumer object, and which is sustainable from an economic, social and cultural point of view.
Las mujeres trabajadoras del textil en las colonias industriales: cómo reivindican actualmente su papel cinco centros expositivos de Catalunya = Women textile workers in mill towns: how are they represented in five interpretation centres in Catalonia?
Authors: Zapata Andreu Mireia
Published: January 2019

La mano de obra femenina fue crucial en el proceso de industrialización que Catalunya vivió en los siglos XIX y XX, momento en que se buscaba aumentar la productividad y minimizar los costes para ser más competitivos. En algunos sectores económicos como el textil las mujeres se incorporaron masivamente, siendo así, en algunos casos, la mano de obra mayoritaria. A partir de una investigación empírica basada en una metodología descriptiva de los espacios expositivos permanentes de cinco centros de interpretación de colonias textiles de las cuencas fluviales de los ríos Llobregat y Ter, se ha analizado de qué forma se aborda la perspectiva de género en el discurso museológico de cada centro. A raíz de la investigación se pone de manifiesto que, en 2017, el papel de las mujeres obreras no está suficientemente reconocido. Es más, en ocasiones se realza el papel de la mujer como ama de casa y se oculta su faceta de mujer trabajadora, mano de obra imprescindible en las fábricas textiles de los siglos XIX y XX. Los museos y centros de interpretación de tipo industrial, como espacios didácticos y de divulgación del patrimonio histórico y cultural, tienen la responsabilidad y el deber de no perpetuar la situación de invisibilidad de las mujeres obreras y de contribuir a hacer justicia con la historia.The female labour force was crucial in the industrialization process that Catalonia went through in the 19th and 20th centuries, when it sought to increase productivity and minimize costs, to be more competitive. In some economic sectors, such as textile, women were incorporated on a mass scale where they represented, in some cases, the largest workforce. Based on the description and analysis of the permanent exhibitions of five interpretation centres of the textile mill towns of the Llobregat and the Ter river basins, an analysis has been carried out on how gender perspective is included in the museological discourse of each centre. As a result of the research, it has been shown that, in 2017, the role of women workers is not sufficiently acknowledged. Moreover, the role of women as housewives is sometimes enhanced and their facet as working women is concealed, an essential labour force in the textile factories of the 19th and 20th centuries. The responsibility and the duty of museums and interpretation centres focused on industry, which are in themselves spaces for learning and disclosure of historical and cultural heritage, is that of not perpetrating the invisibility of women workers and of doing justice to History.
Salamanca: planificación y gestión turística de un destino patrimonial = Salamanca: planification and tourist management of a cultural heritage destination
Authors: Berzosa Pareja Raquel
Published: January 2019

La planificación y gestión turística de la ciudad histórica de Salamanca ha sido impulsada por el gobierno municipal desde la concesión del Plan de Excelencia Turística en el año 2000. Este artículo recoge los ejes de la política turística municipal a partir de la aplicación de dicho Plan (2001-2004) y la puesta en marcha de la sociedad municipal «Turismo y Comunicación de Salamanca». Analiza la actividad de la sociedad turística municipal, en particular, el uso turístico dado a la ciudad histórica así como su oferta orientada a la ampliación y diversificación de productos turístico-patrimoniales. La información recabada muestra que esta gestión ha reforzado la imagen de un destino patrimonial clásico, identificado con el patrimonio monumental y urbano. La oferta turística patrimonial se concentra en un área limitada de la ciudad, y se comprueba la priorización del cumplimiento de objetivos económicos sobre los culturales y sociales. Si bien la dimensión turística de la ciudad genera efectos positivos, tanto desde el punto de vista económico como social o cultural. Se observa, sin embargo, que en la estrategia turística no se ha adoptado un enfoque integrado que asuma la dimensión cultural de la ciudad histórica, ni se han incorporado tampoco criterios para encauzar de manera firme su desarrollo bajo parámetros sostenibles.The management and planification of the historical city of Salamanca has been promoted by the local council since 2000, when it was awarded the Tourist Excellence Plan. This article summarizes the main axes of the municipal tourist policy since the application of the Tourist Excellence Plan (2001-2004) and the starting of the municipal enterprise “Salamanca Tourism and Communication”. In this article we analyze the activity of the municipal society, specifically the touristic management of the historical city and the offer orientated towards the increase and diversification of tourist-patrimonial elements. The information gathered shows that the management has reinforced the image of a classic patrimonial destiny, identified with the urban and monumental heritage. The tourist heritage offer is concentrated in a limited area of the city and we confirmed the prioritizing of achieving the economic goals over the cultural and social ones. However, the tourist dimension of the city generates positive outcomes either economic, social or cultural. Nevertheless, we have seen that the tourist strategy has not integrated the cultural dimension of the historical city neither has adopted sustainable development parameters.
Hubungan antara durasi aktivitas membaca dengan astenopia pada mahasiswa
Authors: Chandra Jeffrey , Kartadinata Erlani
Published: January 2019

LATAR BELAKANGPenggunaan perangkat digital dan berkembangnya internet di era global semakin menjadi kebutuhan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dan berdampak pada kesehatan kesehatan mata, yakni astenopia. Astenopia merupakan melemahnya kekuatan penglihatan akibat ketegangan karena penggunaan kedua bola mata yang berlebihan. Pada mahasiswa kedokteran saat ini ebooks dan jurnal ilmiah yang mudah didapat berpengaruh besar. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara durasi aktivitas membaca dengan astenopia pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti.

METODEPenelitian menggunakan desain potong silang pada 249 mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta. Kuesioner digunakan untuk mendapatkan data jenis kelamin, kelemahan otot ekstraokuler, durasi membaca dengan hardcopy serta komputer pada hari kerja dan akhir pekan, akumulasi aktivitas jarak dekat, dan gejala mata lelah. Analisis data menggunakan Chi-square dan tingkat kemaknaan yang digunakan besarnya 0,05.

HASILPada durasi aktivitas membaca cukup (≤5360 jam) ditemukan 85 mahasiswa (41,3%) dengan astenopia, sedangkan durasi membaca lama (5361–9520 jam) dan sangat lama (≥9521 jam) ditemukan astenopia berturut-turut 55 mahasiswa (26,7%) dan 66 mahasiswa (32%). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara aktivitas membaca dengan astenopia nilai (p=0,128).

KESIMPULANTidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara durasi aktivitas membaca dengan astenopia pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti
An Initiative to Find Better Energy Option for Growing India: Jatropha Oil
Authors: Rawat Pankaj Kumar , Yadav Gyanendra Kumar
Published: January 2019

Energy is vital role input for economic growth in industries and agriculture. Fossil fuel are depleting at a faster rate due to exploitation besides increasing the environmental protection cost. Search for renewable energy source and their technology development is of paramount importance to have a balanced and buoyant environment for better quality of life. Thus this situation compels us to explore new avenues which can be used as fuel for Diesel Engines. The esters of vegetables oil and animal fats are known as Bio diesel and these are basically used as an alternative fuel for Diesel Engines.
This Paper deals with the prospects of obtaining Bio diesel from Jatropha Oil. Jatropha Curcas is a renewable non- edible plant, which can be seen as a wild hardy plant grown in the arid and semi-arid regions of the country. This can easily be grown on the degraded soils having low fertility and moisture. The Jatropha seeds are very useful since they contain 50-60% oil. To conclude, this study will discuss the process of conversion of Jatropha Oil into Biodiesel by using transesterification process.
Application of Response Surface Methodology for Enhanced Electrochemical Process for the Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution using Graphite Electrodes
Authors: Singh Hariraj , Mishra Brijesh Kumar , Yadav Aditya Prakash
Published: January 2019

The aim of the present work was to investigate the removal of phenol from a synthetic solution by the enhanced electrochemical oxidation process using graphite electrodes. Central composite design (CCD) and Box Behnken Design (BBD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) tool were used to investigate the effects of major operating variables viz. Current density (mA/ cm2): (2.27 to 4.54), pH: (5.5 to 7.5) and electrolysis time (min): (30 to 90). The predicted values of BBD responses obtained using RSM were more significant than the CCD model in terms of reaction time, whereas under the desirability test CCD model was found more appropriate in terms of phenol removal and power consumption. The optimal result shows that the CCD model predicted and experimental values of phenol removal and power consumption are 92.87 %; 0.866 kWh/m3 and 86.34 %; 1.12 kWh/m3 respectively under optimized variable conditions, current density: 2.78 mA/cm2, pH: 6.98 and electrolysis time: 88.02 minutes at high desirability level.
Investigation of the Effects of Linseed Oil Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel Blends on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions
Authors: ŞAHİN Seda , ÖĞÜT Hüseyin
Published: January 2019

In this study,
linseed oil was obtained with the aid of screw presses and linseed oil
biodiesel (B100) (linseed oil methyl ester) production was performed by
transesterification method. Linseed biodiesel was blended with regular diesel
fuel at different ratios as B2 (98% diesel + 2% biodiesel), B5 (95% diesel + 5%
biodiesel), B20 (80% diesel + 20% biodiesel), B50 (50% diesel + 50% biodiesel).
Fuel properties tests were performed on all fuels. Results revealed that engine
performance values of linseed biodiesel and fuel blends were similar with the
standard diesel fuel. With regard to maximum torque, while the highest value
was obtained as about 59.6 Nm at 1000 rpm with diesel fuel, the value was
observed as about 53.8 Nm at 1200 1/min with B100 fuels. The highest maximum
power output was recorded as approximately 10.96 kW at 2100 rpm with diesel
fuel and as approximately 10.23 kW at 2000 rpm with B100 fuels. With regard to
minimum specific fuel consumption, while the lowest value was measured as about
231.36 g/kWh at 1000 rpm with diesel fuel, the value was measured as about
296.73 g/kWh at 1200 rpm with B100 fuels. Exhaust emissions are generally
improved by the addition of linseed biodiesel to diesel fuel.
Investigation of Fuel Properties of Canola Oil Biodiesel, Bioethanol and Diesel Fuel Mixture
Authors: AYDIN Fatih , ŞAHİN Tuğba
Published: January 2019

In this study, canola oil was
converted into Canola Oil Methyl Esters (Canola Biodiesel) by
transesterification method and biodiesel production was carried out.  Biodiesel fuel obtained from canola oil was
mixed with diesel fuel with 5% and 10% bioethanol addition and by inversion
with volumetric proportions, and then fuels in the form of D100, B100, E5B5D90,
E10B10D80, E10B5D85
and E5B10D85 were obtained.

Fuel properties of the
obtained mixtures and diesel fuel, density, water content, kinematic viscosity,
pH value, flash point, color specification, calorific value, clouding, pour and
freezing point tests, CFPP (Cold Filter Plugging Point) test and copper rod
corrosion tests were performed.

According to the test results, it was concluded that biodiesel produced
from canola oil could be used as 100% in diesel engines blending with
bioethanol and without any modification on the engine; and it was an
alternative fuel to diesel fuel.
Extração de madeira e organização social no PDS Virola-Jatobá, Anapu, Pará: Percepções e discursos contrastantes em um assentamento ambientalmente diferenciado
Authors: Assunção Helder do Nascimento , Porro Roberto
Published: January 2019

Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (PDS) é modalidade de assentamento que visa conciliar reforma agrária e conservação ambiental. Desde a criação do PDS Virola-Jatobá (Anapu, PA), famílias enfrentam dificuldades para consolidar seu assentamento. A extração de madeira conduzida entre 2008 e 2012 por meio de parceria da comunidade com empresa ampliou perspectivas para meios de vida locais. Todavia, problemas na atividade acentuaram processos de ruptura associativa. Neste artigo foi analisada a percepção dos assentados quanto à extração madeireira e benefícios derivados da atividade, e se essa percepção se associou a características das famílias. Para tanto, foram comparados discursos de assentados selecionados conforme acessibilidade do lote, momento de chegada e participação em associações internas. A variável associativa melhor distinguiu percepções quanto à inserção da extração de madeira nas estratégias produtivas locais. O alcance das metas socioambientais previstas nos PDS condiciona-se a ações coletivas harmônicas que pactuem uma agenda consolidada em prol do grupo como um todo.
Incorporation of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood) resistance in the Zimbabwean elite Virginia tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) germplasm: A review
Authors: Shava Justify Gotami , Richardson-Kageler Susan , Dari Shorai , Magama Frank , Rukuni Dzingai
Published: January 2019

Virginia tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is currently the most popular field cash crop grown in Zimbabwe. The farming of Virginia tobacco in Zimbabwe started during the late 19th Century with introduced varieties which succumbed to most of the locally occurring pests and diseases. One major pest of tobacco that threatens the success of growing the crop has been the root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood]. The pest attacks the root system of the crop from as early as the seedbed stage to such an extent that yield losses of above 90% can be realised if the nematode is not controlled. In Zimbabwe, the threat posed by the pest in the success of the tobacco farming industry was realised as early as the 1950s and one of the approaches used to contain it was breeding for resistance into the local tobacco germplasm among other methods such as chemical control and cultural practices like crop rotation. This paper is a review of the process that was followed in incorporating root-knot nematode resistance in flue-cured tobacco germplasm in Zimbabwe. It shows the sources/origin of the root-knot nematode (M. javanica) resistance currently present in the Zimbabwean Virginia tobacco (N. tabacum) germplasm and the methods used in transferring the resistance to elite germplasm currently used in modern breeding programmes. The current study also suggests the way forward for the future breeding research for root-knot nematode (M. javanica) resistance in continuity of the past 50 years of breeding effort for resistance to the pest.
Irrigation scheduling through drip and surface methods- A critical review on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and water use studies of rabi maize
Authors: Kadasiddappa M.M. , Rao V. Praveen
Published: January 2019

Water is the prime natural resource, which is often costly and limiting input particularly in arid and semi arid regions, hence needs judicious use to reap the maximum benefit from this limiting resource. Indian farmers are now finding ways to shift from traditional practices to more modern technologies for crop production. Of late, drip irrigation is receiving better appreciation, acceptance, and adaption and plays an important role in saving the water in water scarce areas. It enables the efficient use of limited water with higher water use efficiency. Adaptation of drip irrigation in rabi maize which is one of the amenable crop for drip irrigation system is gaining momentum because of its higher productivity coupled with higher price. Irrigation application can be reduced by 50 to 80 per cent with drip irrigation compared to surface irrigation. Further, drip irrigation has the potential for improving two of the most common contributing factors to N leaching – over fertilization and over irrigation. Therefore, optimum irrigation levels with suitable method would help in enhancing the economic yield as well as water use efficiency of maize crop.
Potentiality of new feed ingredients for aquaculture: A review
Authors: Paul B.N. , Singh P. , Giri S.S.
Published: January 2019

The continuous demand for alternative protein sources for fish due to its short supply, high prices and competition with the human food. A review of unconventional feeds in fish nutrition was carried out to provide information on supplemental feed for effective Aquaculture. Non-conventional dietary energy and protein sources,especially from plant origin can be used to replace expensive protein sources. There is a continuous demand for alternative protein sources for fish due to short supply, cereals and oilseed mealsfor sustainable aquaculture production. The solid waste materials like distillers dried grain soluble, breweries waste, ghee residue and agricultural plant materials like jute, leucaena, moringa, cassava, rain tree and spirulina can find a place in formulation of aquafeed as one of the inexpensive feed ingredients. The non-conventional feed ingredients to be incorporated in fish feed up to recommended levels.
Internet of things in agriculture: A review
Authors: . Poornima , Ayyanagowadar M.S.
Published: January 2019

Agriculture, farming or Animal husbandry is a vital occupation since the history of mankind. The name agriculture represents all entities that came under the linear sequence of links of food chain for human beings. As humans are the smartest living species on this planet, so their smartness always provokes them to change and to innovate. This provoking has led to invention of wheel, advancements in living standards and styles, languages, life spending methodologies and countless more achievements. As we know in present era there is need of soil and temperature monitoring system which is based on the technology of Internet of things. Similarly some time due to extra water level those crops are under danger our condition so for those type of issues there is need of soil moisture and environmental temperature monitoring system so by using of that system farmer can take decision for their crops. Right now there is some technology are available which are based on GPRS but according to us GPRS is not a good solution because GPRS technology have some connectivity issue.
Role of seaweed extract on growth, yield and quality of some agricultural crops: A review
Authors: Begum Mahima , Bordoloi Bijnan Chandra , Singha Dhiman Dev , Ojha Nayan Jyoti
Published: January 2019

Seaweed and seaweed-derived products have been widely used as bio stimulants in crop production due to presence of multiple growth regulators such as cytokinin, auxins, gibberellins, betaines, as well as presence of macronutrients such as Ca, K, P, and micronutrients like Fe, Cu, Zn, B, Mn, Co and Mo, which are necessary for plant growth and development. Numerous studies have revealed a wide range of beneficial effects of seaweed extract on plants, such as early seed germination and establishment, better crop performance and yield, inducing resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and many more. This paper is an effort to review the importance of seaweed extract on germination, production, improvement of nutritional quality of agricultural crops which helps in further study of sea weed in agriculture.
Effect of levels of starter culture and varients of packaging materials on the quality characteristics of enriched misti dahi
Authors: Soumyashree T.C. , Venkatesh M.M. , Reddy K. Priyatam , Prashanth B.M.
Published: January 2019

The research was undertaken to access the effect of starter culture on the qualitative characteristics of whey protein enriched misti dahi through incorporation of whey protein concentrate @ 2.0 % whey protein concentrate and fruit juice (apple and orange - 1:1) @ 15.0 % by weight. The thermophilic starter cultures were added @ 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 % level. Incorporation of starter culture @ 2.0 % rate yielded product having acceptable sensory attributes. Misti dahi packaged in polyethylene teraphthalate (PET) cups could be stored for longer period (i.e. 15 days) as compared to use of polystyrene, polypropylene cups or even earthen pots, when stored under refrigerated (4±2 oC) condition.
Functional, pasting, nutritional and gluten free muffin making properties of plantain flour
Authors: Kaur Kamaljit , Singh Gurinderpal , Singh Navdeep
Published: January 2019

Plantain or unripe banana is a starchy food that contains a high proportion of indigestible compounds, such as resistant starch, non-starch polysaccharides and is gluten free. The objective of this study was to analyze the functional and pasting properties of plantain flour (PF) for preparation of gluten free muffins. Plantain flour had more water absorption (2.62 g/g), oil absorption (1.92 g/g), swelling power(10.75) and better pasting properties as compared to wheat flour (WF). Muffins were prepared from whole plantain flour and compared with wheat flour muffins. Muffins were evaluated for specific volume, color and sensory parameters. PF muffins had more content of Ca (27.18 mg/Kg), Mg (17.21 mg/Kg), K (122.2 mg/Kg), specific volume (2 cc/g), lighter in color and liked more by sensory panel as compared to WF muffins. The possibility of developing gluten free products with PF can expand the product supply for people with celiac disease and contribute to a more diverse diet.
Optimization of extraction conditions for improving total polyphenolic content in Quince fruit extracts (Cydonia oblonga Miller) using response surface methodology
Authors: Rather Sarver Ahmad , Hussain Peerzada Rashid , Suradkar Prashant , Mir Nazir Ahmad
Published: January 2019

The effect of solvent concentration (20–80%), solvent to sample ratio(10:1–30:1), extraction time (10–30 min) and extraction temperature (20-100oC) on total phenolic content (TPC) in quince fruit was investigated for the first time using response surface methodology (RSM). Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) with these four factors, including central and axial points. A second-order polynomial Model satisfactorily fitted the experimental data with the R2 values of 0.89 for the response implying a good agreement between the predicted and experimental values. The optimal conditions of optimized response were solvent conc. of 60%, solvent/sample ratio of 16:1, extraction time of 20 min. and temperature of 65oC. Based on these optimised conditions, our model predicted TPC of 291.8 mg GAE/100g which was in the close agreement with experimental value of 285.2 mg GAE/100g for TPC with %CV of 2.2%.
Selection of promising genotypes of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) by deciphering genetic diversity and trait association
Authors: Parihar A.K. , Singh Sarvjeet , Gill R.K. , Kumar R. , Parihar A.K.
Published: January 2019

A panel of fifty diverse genotypes of lentil were evaluated to assess the genetic diversity for 11 morpho-physiological attributes. The results revealed wide range of variability among the genotypes for the examined characteristics. The mean
performance demonstrated that the best genotype for more than one trait viz., plot yield, yield/plant, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Crop Growth Rate (CGR), biomass and plant height was LL1384. Traits association approximation witnessed a positive and
significant relationship of seed yield with most of the studied traits. Cluster analysis distributed genotypes into seven distinct clusters. Cluster III happened to be the largest comprising of 20 genotypes, followed by Cluster VII comprising of 9
genotypes. The maximum inter-cluster distance was perceived between clusters II and IV which suggests the possibility of high heterotic effect if cross will be made between the individuals of these clusters. The principal component analysis developed
11 Eigen vectors and, of these three principal components had explained about 82.50% of variations. The characters that had the highest weight in component first were plot yield, yield/plant, pods/plant, CGR, biomass/plant, LAI and plant height,
which explained 57.03% of the total variance. The biplot results were in accordance with correlation estimation, indicating that indirect selection based on component traits would help in improving the seed yield in lentil. Hybridization among
genetically diverse genotypes of different clusters would be helpful in broadening the genetic base as well as in the creation of desirable recombinants for developing new improved lentil varieties.
Hoabinhian and Austronesia: The Root of Diversity in the Western Part of Indonesia
Authors: Wiradnyana Ketut
Published: January 2019

The western part of Indonesia mentioned in this paper includes the provinces of North Sumatera and Aceh, in the northern part of Sumatera. The two provinces are rich in archaeological remains, particularly those from Early Holocene up to the megalithic culture. Human activities during the Early Holocene were characterized by the presence of Kitchen Midden sites and Austromelanesoids with Hoabinh culture. This culture is commonly found along the east coast of the two provinces, and some of them are on highlands. The Neolithic culture, which contributes highly significant Austronesian data, are found at the sites on highland area, while other cultures from later period contribute the Megalithic culture that continues until now and becomes the living tradition. The entire depiction is the achievement from a series of archaeological researches, which in turn describes the mixing process among humans and their cultures. The result is a diversity of Indonesian people, particularly in the western part of Indonesia.
Cartographie Des Risques De L’erosion Hydrique Par L’equation Universelle Revisee Des Pertes En Sols, La Teledetection Et Les Sig Dans Le Bassin Versant De L’ourika (Haut Atlas, Maroc)
Authors: Modeste Meliho , Abdellatif Khattabi , Nadia Mhammdi , Zhang Hongming
Published: January 2019

Covering an area of 576 square kilometers, the Ourika watershed is a sub-watershed of the large Tensift basin, located on the northwest slopes of the Marrakech High Atlas, in mid-west Morocco. This basin of dramatic topography, with sparse vegetation cover and friable substrates, is under increasing human action exacerbated by a variable and changing climate. Its vulnerability to water erosion is quite high, increasing risks of wadi flows with significant sediment loads. The aim of this work was to quantify soil loss in the basin using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Geographic Information System. The results showed that the Ourika watershed was subject to strong climatic aggressiveness ranging from 55.22 to 100.57 MJ.mm/ha.h. The average soil erodibility value, K, was 0.48 t.ha.h/ha.MJ.mm, with a standard deviation of 0.28 t.ha.h/ha.MJ.mm. Slopes with values higher than 35% represented 72% of the watershed’s area, with the topographic factor, LS, values ranging from 0.01 to 94.5. The vegetation factor was high throughout the Ourika watershed while C values were higher than 0.5 for 73% of the watershed’s area. The average soil loss obtained in the basin was 380 t/ha/year. These results indicated that 48% of the watershed’s area was subject to a soil loss between 50-400 t/ha/year, and between 400 and 1000 t/ha/year for 30% of the watershed. Soil loss below the tolerance level (<7 t/ha/year) represented only 4% of the watershed area. These findings served in highlighting the significance of erosion in the Ourika watershed.
Etude Ecologique Et Entomologique Des Culicides Larvaires Des Gites De La Province De Kenitra (Maroc)
Authors: Marc Ikram , Chibani Abdelkader , Alemad Ali , Alkhali Arwa , Belala Asmaa , Hadji Mohammed , Belghyti Driss , El kharrim Khadija
Published: January 2019

Mosquitoes are considered the source of nuisances and used as vectors of major pathogens for humans and animals. Despite the existence of many ways of control, supervising their populations remains a challenge forced by a delicate knowledge of their dynamics in space and time. Hence the need to conduct an entomological and ecological study of breeding sites in the province of Kenitra in order to acheive an inventory of culicidiennes species collected at eight stations of surface water with the measurement of physical-chemical parameters of these waters during several month from April to June 2012. The results revealed the presence of two species of mosquitoes, the Anopheles labranchiae and the Culex pipiens. The first type has a very low density at three stations, while the second one has a very high density in five stations. Furthermore, concentrations and measured values of the physico-chemical parameters allowed to highlight a correlation between the quality of waterin the stations and dynamics of mosquitoes. Thus, the Anopheles attend frequently the well-oxygenated and unpolluted stations (O2 between 2,53 and 3,65 mg/l; BOD5 between 3 and 15 mg/l) against the Culex (O2 between 3,85 and 8,12mg/l, BOD5 between 10 and 100 mg/ l).