bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical performance of human papillomavirus based cervical cancer screening algorithm: The result of a large Danish implementation study
Authors: Lindquist Sofie , Kjær Susanne K. , Frederiksen Kirsten , Ørnskov Dorthe , Petersen Lone Kjeld , Munk Christian , Waldstrøm Marianne
Published: July 2024

Introduction

In Denmark, where human papillomavirus (HPV) ‐based cervical cancer screening is being implemented, the aim of this pilot implementation study was to test a specific screening algorithm, assess follow‐up examination attendance, and measure the proportion of precancer lesions found in relation to the number of women referred for colposcopy.

Material and Methods

From May 2017 to December 2020, 36 417 women in the uptake area of the Department of Pathology, Vejle Hospital, Region of Southern Denmark, were included in the HPV group. Women positive for HPV16/18 irrespective of cytology and women positive for other high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) types having concomitant abnormal cytology were referred directly to colposcopy. Women positive for other hrHPV types and normal cytology were referred to repeat screening after 12 months, and hrHPV negative to routine screening after three years. We obtained information on screening results and subsequent histological diagnosis from the Danish Pathology Databank through September 2022.

Results

3.6% of the women were referred to colposcopy after primary screening, 5% to repeat screening after 12 months, and 91.4% back to routine screening. High follow‐up rates were observed: 96% attended colposcopy after primary screening, with 91% attending colposcopy after repeat screening. CIN3+ was detected at colposcopy following the primary screening in 28.1% of HPV16/18‐positive women and 18.2% of those positive for other hrHPV types with concomitant abnormal cytology. Of the women with other hrHPV and simultaneous ASCUS/LSIL, 8% had CIN3+. At the repeat screening, 43% had become hrHPV negative, 55% were persistently positive for other hrHPV, and 2% had turned positive for HPV16/18. At the colposcopy following repeat screening, 10.1% of the women positive for other hrHPV were diagnosed with CIN3+, in comparison with 11.1% of the HPV16/18‐positive women.

Conclusions

In this pilot implementation study, an algorithm for HPV‐based screening was evaluated in a Danish setting. The results demonstrated high attendance at follow‐up examinations and provided insights into the number of colposcopy referrals and the detection of CIN2 and CIN3+ cases. The results suggest that women testing positive for other hrHPV in combination with ASCUS/LSIL at primary screening could potentially be referred to repeat screening instead of an immediate colposcopy.
Pluriversal bodies: Researching care through embodied ethnography
Authors: Dombroski Kelly
Published: July 2024

In this research note, I outline an approach to embodied experiences of care and caregiving in ethnographic scholarship on care. I describe how ethnographers of care and caregiving can use embodied methodologies, particularly through attending also to the cross‐cultural differences in embodied experiences. In this research note, I bring together care research and cross‐cultural embodied ethnography with my own work in Asia Pacific to outline an approach to researching care in the pluriverse – the multiple, overlapping realities of ontology, culture and experience that underpin all our lives. I draw on Annemarie Mol's conceptualisation of the body multiple (2002), Anna Tsing's understanding of awkward engagement (2005), Gibson‐Graham's reading for difference (2020) and Sean Hsiang‐lin Lei's research on hygiene (2014) to consider how researcher bodies might be useful in detecting pluriversal encounters in caregiving.
The neuroprotective effects of normobaric oxygen therapy after stroke
Authors: Li Chuan , Jiang Min , Chen Zhiying , Hu Qiongqiong , Liu Ziying , Wang Junmin , Yin Xiaoping , Wang Jian , Wu Moxin
Published: July 2024

Background

Stroke, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, is a severe and prevalent acute cerebrovascular disease. The development of hypoxia following stroke can trigger a cascade of pathological events, including mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficiency, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity, all of which are often associated with unfavorable prognosis. Nonetheless, a noninvasive intervention, referred to as normobaric hyperoxia (NBO), is known to have neuroprotective effects against stroke.

Results

NBO can exert neuroprotective effects through various mechanisms, such as the rescue of hypoxic tissues, preservation of the blood–brain barrier, reduction of brain edema, alleviation of neuroinflammation, improvement of mitochondrial function, mitigation of oxidative stress, reduction of excitotoxicity, and inhibition of apoptosis. These mechanisms may help improve the prognosis of stroke patients.

Conclusions

This review summarizes the mechanism by which hypoxia causes brain injury and how NBO can act as a neuroprotective therapy to treat stroke. We conclude that NBO has significant potential for treating stroke and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy.
Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is associated with lower visceral and hepatic lipid content in recent‐onset type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Schaefer Edyta , Lang Alexander , Kupriyanova Yuliya , Bódis Kálmán B. , Weber Katharina S. , Buyken Anette E. , Barbaresko Janett , Kössler Theresa , Kahl Sabine , Zaharia Oana‐Patricia , Szendroedi Julia , Herder Christian , Schrauwen‐Hinderling Vera B. , Wagner Robert , Kuss Oliver , Roden Michael , Schlesinger Sabrina ,   GDS Group
Published: July 2024

Aim

To investigate the associations of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score with subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue volume and hepatic lipid content (HLC) in people with diabetes and to examine whether changes in the DASH diet were associated with changes in these outcomes.

Methods

In total, 335 participants with recent‐onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the German Diabetes Study were included in the cross‐sectional analysis, and 111 participants in the analysis of changes during the 5‐year follow‐up. Associations between the DASH score and VAT, SAT and HLC and their changes were investigated using multivariable linear regression models by diabetes type. The proportion mediated by changes in potential mediators was determined using mediation analysis.

Results

A higher baseline DASH score was associated with lower HLC, especially in people with T2D (per 5 points: −1.5% [−2.7%; −0.3%]). Over 5 years, a 5‐point increase in the DASH score was associated with decreased VAT in people with T2D (−514 [−800; −228] cm3). Similar, but imprecise, associations were observed for VAT changes in people with T1D (−403 [−861; 55] cm3) and for HLC in people with T2D (−1.3% [−2.8%; 0.3%]). Body mass index and waist circumference changes explained 8%‐48% of the associations between DASH and VAT changes in both groups. In people with T2D, adipose tissue insulin resistance index (Adipo‐IR) changes explained 47% of the association between DASH and HLC changes.

Conclusions

A shift to a DASH‐like diet was associated with favourable VAT and HLC changes, which were partly explained by changes in anthropometric measures and Adipo‐IR.
Goods market desirability of minimum wages
Authors: Pan Rui , Zeng Dao‐Zhi
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a general equilibrium model incorporating heterogeneous firms and a perfectly competitive labour market to explore the desirability of minimum wages. We demonstrate that a low minimum wage could enhance social welfare, assuming equal weighting for all individuals. This occurs because the introduction of minimum wages has the potential to mitigate the goods market distortions arising from imperfect competition, firm heterogeneity and free entry. Additionally, we illustrate that the optimal minimum wage is positively associated with the preference intensity for differentiated products relative to the numeraire and population size, while it negatively correlates with the degree of love for variety, entry cost, and upper bound of marginal labour requirements.
A deep learning approach for high‐resolution mapping of Scottish peatland degradation
Authors: Macfarlane Fraser , Robb Ciaran , Coull Malcolm , McKeen Margaret , Wardell‐Johnson Douglas , Miller Dave , Parker Thomas C. , Artz Rebekka R. E. , Matthews Keith , Aitkenhead Matt J.
Published: July 2024

Peat makes up approximately a quarter of Scotland's soil by area. Healthy, undisturbed, peatland habitats are critical to providing resilient biodiversity and habitat support, water management, and carbon sequestration. A high and stable water table is a prerequisite to maintain carbon sink function; any drainage turns this major terrestrial carbon store into a source that feeds back further to global climate change. Drainage and erosion features are crucial indicators of peatland condition and are key for estimating national greenhouse gas emissions. Previous work on mapping peat depth and condition in Scotland has provided maps with reasonable accuracy at 100‐m resolution, allowing land managers and policymakers to both plan and manage these soils and to work towards identifying priority peat sites for restoration. However, the spatial variability of the surface condition is much finer than this scale, limiting the ability to inventory greenhouse gas emissions or develop site‐specific restoration and management plans. This work involves an updated set of mapping using high‐resolution (25 cm) aerial imagery, which provides the ability to identify and segment individual drainage channels and erosion features. Combining this imagery with a classical deep learning‐based segmentation model enables high spatial resolution, national scale mapping to be carried out allowing for a deeper understanding of Scotland's peatland resource and which will enable various future analyses using these data.
Translation and psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the ageism scale for dental students (ASDS‐Ar): A multi‐institutional validation
Authors: Alhajj Mohammed Nasser , Omar Ridwaan , Al‐Maweri Sadeq Ali , Alsoghier Abdullah M. , El Tantawi Maha , Khader Yousef , Al‐Ansari Asim , Aseri Abdulrahman , Amran Abdullah G. , AlBatayneh Ola B. , Samran Abdulaziz , Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen , Alqahtani Ahmed Shaher , AlDhelai Thiyezen Abdullah , Faheemuddin Muhammad , Umer Muhammad Farooq , Assad Mounzer , Barngkgei Imad , Agwa Tarek Abou , Murad Ali H. , Makzoumé Joseph E. , Arheiam Arheiam , Ballo Lamis , Mufadhal Abdulbaset A. , Al‐Wesabi Mohammed A. , Alhajj Wadhah A. , Elkholy Sahar , Osman Sarah M. , Halboub Esam
Published: July 2024

Background and Objective

Ageism represents an important barrier to high‐quality healthcare for older adults. The present study sought to translate and validate the Arabic version of the Ageism Scale for Dental Students (ASDS‐Arabic).

Materials and Methods

The 27‐item ASDS tool was translated from English into Arabic following recommended cross‐sectional forward and backward translation guidelines. The translated version was subjected to the content validity ratio (CVR) and sent to dental students in 21 institutes from 10 different Arab countries. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to assess the dimensionality of the scale, and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine internal consistency reliability. The discriminant validity of the scale was assessed using the independent t‐test. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was also undertaken.

Results

Based on CVR, three items were removed. The 24‐item Arabic version was completed by 3284 dental students. PCA and CFA retained 17 items in six components, explaining 50.3% of the total variance, with acceptable reliability, validity and discrimination. The first component “Adherence of older patients with dental treatment and instructions,” included four items with a Cronbach α of 0.64 and scored 4.3 ± 0.8. The second component “Feasibility of the treatment plan,” included three items with a Cronbach α of 0.66 and scored from 2.6 ± 1.2 to 2.9 ± 1.1. The third component “Cost of and responsibility for the dental treatment” included four items with a Cronbach α of 0.47 and scored 4.4 ± 0.8 to 4.5 ± 0.8. The fourth component “Medical history of older patients” included two items with a Cronbach α of 0.70 and scored 4.0 ± 1.0 to 4.1 ± 1.0. The fifth Component “Feeling towards older patients” included two items with a Cronbach α of 0.672 and scored 2.6 ± 1.2 to 2.0 ± 1.4. The sixth Component “Confidence and experience in treating older patients” included two items with a Cronbach α of 0.33 and scored 4.4 ± 1 to 4.6 ± 1.

Conclusion

This preliminary validation of the ASDS‐Ar resulted in a new 17‐item scale with six components with acceptable validity, reliability and discrimination.
Efficacy of a 1:1 ratio VWF/FVIII concentrate in patients with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Kuppens Geoffrey Z. L. , Fischer Kathelijn , van Galen Karin P. M. , van Beers Eduard J. , Van der Valk Paul R. , Kremer Hovinga Idske C. L. , van Vulpen Lize F. D. , Schutgens Roger E. G.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) require administration of von Willebrand factor (VWF) concentrates peri‐operatively. Concerns about FVIII accumulation after repetitive injections of a 1:1 ratio VWF/FVIII clotting factor concentrate (CFC) led this study to explore the recovery and FVIII accumulation over time.

Methods

This monocentre study examined patients with VWD receiving perioperative 1:1 ratio CFC infusions. CFC dosing was based on body weight and endogenous VWF/FVIII activity. FVIII and VWF activity was monitored at T0 (baseline), T1 (15 min postinfusion), and trough levels at T2‐T6 (24‐120 h).

Results

We included 125 patients, undergoing 125 procedures (63 major surgeries, 62 minor), with a median of two CFC infusions (IQR 1–3). With a mean administered dose of 35.7 IU/kg CFC, recovery rates of FVIII and VWF were 2.6 IU/dL per IU/kg and 2.4 IU/dL per IU/kg, respectively. Mean FVIII levels at T0 were 62 (SD 51.9), T1: 164 (SD 80.4), T2: 155 (SD 62.8), T3: 162 (SD 59.8), T4: 124 (SD 78.4), and T5: 120 (SD 65.3) IU/dL. Mean VWF activity levels at T0 were 29 (SD 25.0), T1: 133 (SD 43.7), T2: 92 (SD 37.2), and T3: 86 (SD 37.5) IU/dL. Subgroup analysis in 47 patients with more than three infusions, showed no accumulation of mean FVIII levels.

Conclusion

This perioperative study demonstrated excellent FVIII and VWF recovery of a 1:1 ratio VWF product in patients with VWD. Stable FVIII and VWF activity levels were observed after repeated infusions, without accumulation. Most major surgeries required only three CFC infusions.
Network structure and taxonomic composition of tritrophic communities of Fagaceae, cynipid gallwasps and parasitoids in Sichuan, China
Authors: Fang Zhiqiang , Tang Chang‐Ti , Sinclair Frazer , Csóka György , Hearn Jack , McCormack Koorosh , Melika George , Mikolajczak Katarzyna M. , Nicholls James A. , Nieves‐Aldrey José‐Luis , Notton David G. , Radosevic Sara , Bailey Richard I. , Reiss Alexander , Zhang Yuanmeng M. , Zhu Ying , Fang Shengguo , Schönrogge Karsten , Stone Graham N.
Published: July 2024

A key question in insect community ecology is whether parasitoid assemblages are structured by the food plants of their herbivore hosts.

Tritrophic communities centred on oak‐feeding cynipid gallwasps are one of the best‐studied tritrophic insect communities. Previous work suggests that host plant identity is a much stronger predictor of oak–cynipid interactions than of cynipid–parasitoid interactions. However, these relationships have not been formally quantified.

We reason that the potential for ‘bottom‐up’ effects should increase with host plant phylogenetic diversity. We, therefore, generated quantified interaction network data for previously unstudied tritrophic cynipid communities in Sichuan, China, where, in addition to Quercus, cynipid host plants include Castanea, Castanopsis and Lithocarpus. We characterise these communities taxonomically and compare the extent to which host plant taxonomy predicts plant–herbivore and plant–parasitoid associations.

We sampled 42,620 cynipid galls of 176 morphotypes from 23 host plant species, yielding over 4500 specimens of 64 parasitoid morphospecies. Many parasitoids were identifiable to chalcidoid taxa present in other Holarctic oak cynipid communities, with the addition of Cynipencyrtus (Cynipencyrtidae). As elsewhere, Sichuan parasitoid assemblages were dominated by generalists.

Gallwasp–plant interaction networks were significantly more modular than parasitoid–plant association networks. Gallwasps were significantly more specialised to host plants (i.e. had higher mean d' values) than parasitoids. Parasitoid assemblages nevertheless showed significant plant‐associated beta diversity, with a dominant turnover component.

We summarise parallels between our study and other Fagaceae‐associated cynipid communities and discuss our findings in light of the processes thought to structure tritrophic interactions centred on endophytic insect herbivores.
Superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator propeller flap for penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease
Authors: Dong Wenfang , Xiao Xiaodi , Wang Zheng , Yang Xin , Bi Hongsen
Published: July 2024

Background

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare intra‐epidermal adenocarcinoma, and reconstruction of the penoscrotal region remains a clinical challenge. The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap has been successfully used as a free flap, while its application as a propeller flap in the reconstruction of penoscrotal EMPD defect is rarely reported. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the SCIP propeller flap in the reconstruction of penoscrotal defects in EMPD.

Methods

Between September 2010 and August 2022, consecutive patients diagnosed with penoscrotal EMPD were enrolled. All patients underwent penoscrotal EMPD excision and reconstruction with SCIP propeller flap combined with other flaps or skin grafts on individual defects. Demographic information, surgical parameters, postoperative complications, patient satisfaction, and recurrence rates were analyzed.

Results

Twenty‐four patients (mean age, 73 ± 8.8 years; mean BMI, 23.98 ± 3.62 kg/m2) with 33 SCIP propeller flaps (mean size 120.1 cm2; range, 24–208 cm2) were included, and the mean defect size was 67.4 cm2 (range, 12–255 cm2). The mean operative duration was 385.4 ± 146.8 min. Fifteen patients received autologous full‐thickness skin grafts, and four received other flaps simultaneously. All flaps survived without total or partial loss, and all donor sites achieved primary closure, though local hematoma (one case) and limited skin graft necrosis (two cases) were observed. All patients experienced complete wound healing and maintained penoscrotal morphology and function without recurrent lesions over a mean follow‐up of 59 months.

Conclusions

The SCIP propeller flap seems a safe and effective reconstructive method for penoscrotal EMPD.

Level of evidence

IV.
Outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with synchronous and metachronous oligometastatic urothelial carcinoma with visceral metastases
Authors: Yoshida Soichiro , Maezawa Yuya , Ishihara Kensaku , Inoue Naoki , Tanabe Kenji , Izumi Keita , Fujiwara Motohiro , Toide Masahiro , Yamamoto Takanobu , Uehara Sho , Araki Saori , Inoue Masaharu , Takazawa Ryoji , Numao Noboru , Ohtsuka Yukihiro , Tanaka Hajime , Fujii Yasuhisa
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical characteristics of oligometastatic disease (OMD) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) with visceral metastases when classified into synchronous and metachronous metastases.

Methods

Of 957 cases of de novo mUC treated between 2008 and 2023, 374 with visceral metastases were analyzed. Cases were classified into OMD with up to three metastatic lesions and polymetastatic disease (PMD), and into synchronous and metachronous metastases. The clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) for each group were analyzed.

Results

Overall, 196 (52.4%) had synchronous metastasis and 178 (47.6%) had metachronous metastasis. Median OS for synchronous metastases was significantly shorter than for metachronous metastases (12.1 months vs. 15.3 months, p = 0.011). Among the synchronous metastases, 48 (24.5%) were OMD and 148 (75.6%) were PMD. There was no significant difference in OS between the OMDs and PMDs (median 14.9 months vs. 11.7 months, p = 0.32), and only decreased albumin level was identified as a significant predictor of poor OS. Among the metachronous metastases, 64 (36.0%) were OMD and 114 (64.0%) were PMD. There was no significant difference in OS between the OMD and PMD (median 21.2 months vs. 15.0 months, p = 0.35), and no significant predictors of poor OS were identified.

Conclusions

For mUC with visceral metastases, the timing of metastasis appearance was associated with prognosis, with synchronous metastases being a poorer prognostic factor compared to metachronous metastases. There was no prognostic difference between OMD and PMD with visceral metastases when classified into synchronous or metachronous metastases.
Health promotion nursing interventions for female breast cancer survivors: A scoping review
Authors: Torabi Pegah , Chouinard Maud‐Christine , Sévigny Marie‐Maxim , Bilodeau Karine
Published: July 2024

Aim

Map the existing health promotion nursing interventions for female breast cancer survivors (BCS) to describe the approaches used and the characteristics of these interventions in the available studies.

Design

A scoping review.

Data Source

Five electronic databases were systematically searched for eligible studies, published between 2002 and 2022.

Methods

Following the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology, two reviewers independently used Covidence to screen the title, abstract and full text of evidence against the inclusion criteria and extracted data using an extraction table. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guided the reporting. No patient or public contribution was necessary.

Results

This review included 22 studies on nursing health promotion interventions for BCSs, primarily conducted in specialized care centres. In 20 of 22 studies, nurses employed the educational approach to promote the health of BCSs. Many interventions aimed to support survivors in adopting healthy lifestyles, improving their sexual health, promoting overall well‐being and addressing their individual needs by equipping them with self‐care skills. Nurses utilized self‐monitoring, health education materials and technologies to support survivors' health.

Conclusion

The review concludes that the nurse used various approaches and interventions with different characteristics to improve the health of BCSs. This review also emphasizes that a limited number of determinants of health have been considered by nurses in the development of health promotion interventions.

Impact

The review highlights the important role that nurses can play in enhancing the health of female BCSs after cancer treatments. This review can guide future research for developing nursing health promotion interventions in primary care settings for female BCSs. Additionally, the review offers insights to support future research, education and training on diverse approaches and characteristics that nurses can utilize to establish interventions that enhance the health of female BCSs.
The relationship of stereotypes, social distance and sexuality knowledge with attitudes towards sexuality of people with mild intellectual disabilities
Authors: Correa Ana Belén , Castro Ángel , Gil‐Llario María Dolores
Published: July 2024

Background

The present study examines the relationship between stereotypical beliefs about people with intellectual disabilities, desire for social distance, and general knowledge about human sexuality with attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with mild intellectual disabilities.

Method

Two hundred fifty participants from staff, family and community samples completed an online set of questionnaires.

Results

Higher agreement with stereotypical beliefs and lower sexual knowledge were associated with less normalising and more paternalistic attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with mild intellectual disabilities. Higher agreement with stereotypical beliefs was also associated with more negative attitudes. On the other hand, willingness to interact with these adults was associated with more normalising and less paternalistic attitudes.

Conclusions

Interventions that aim to support adults with intellectual disabilities in relation to their sexuality should also address the perceptions of their support network towards them as individuals with disabilities, as well as their knowledge about sexuality.
Learning analytics dashboard design: Workplace learner preferences for reference frames in immersive training in practice
Authors: Gallagher Timothy , Slof Bert , van der Schaaf Marieke , Arztmann Michaela , Fracaro Sofia Garcia , Kester Liesbeth
Published: July 2024

Background

Learning analytics dashboards are increasingly being used to communicate feedback to learners. However, little is known about learner preferences for dashboard designs and how they differ depending on the self‐regulated learning (SRL) phases the dashboards are presented (i.e., forethought, performance, and self‐reflection phases) and SRL skills. Insight into design preferences for dashboards with different reference frames (i.e., progress, social, internal achievement and external achievement) is important because the effectiveness of feedback can depend upon how a learner perceives it.

Objective

This study examines workplace learner preferences for four dashboard designs for each SRL phase and how SRL skills relate to these preferences.

Methods

Seventy participants enrolled in a chemical process apprenticeship program took part in the study. Preferences were determined using a method of adaptive comparative judgement and SRL skills were measured using a questionnaire. Preferences were tested on four dashboard designs informed by social and temporal comparison theory and goal setting theory. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine the relationship between dashboard preferences and SRL.

Results and Conclusions

Results show that the progress reference frame is more preferred before and after task performance, and the social reference frame is less preferred before and after task performance. It was found that the higher the SRL skill score the higher the probability a learner preferred the progress reference frame compared to having no preference before task performance. The results are consistent with other findings, which suggest caution when using social comparison in designing dashboards which provide feedback.
Learning with videos: Do task instructions and the availability of a pause button matter?
Authors: Merkt Martin , Bodemer Daniel
Published: July 2024

Background

When watching educational online videos, learners need to determine whether the videos' contents are suitable for learning. Whereas this may induce metacognitive monitoring processes, it may also distract learners from the learning materials.

Objectives

In the current set of experiments, we investigated whether asking participants to rate the suitability of three educational videos to impart knowledge (both experiments) and enabling participants to pause the video (Experiment 2) affects learning.

Methods

Experiment 1 was conducted in the laboratory with a sample of university students. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions (rating task vs. viewing task). Experiment 2 was conducted online. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions resulting from the two factors task (rating task vs. viewing task) and pause button (available vs. not available).

Results and Conclusion

In Experiment 1, we observed detrimental effects of the rating task on learning outcomes, but more accurate judgements of learning. In Experiment 2, we did not find any effects of the rating task on learning outcomes and the accuracy of the participants' judgements of learning. However, the inclusion of a pause button did result in more accurate judgements of learning. Further, exploratory analyses revealed that older participants reported higher levels of intrinsic and germane cognitive load than the younger participants. This increased effort only translated into better learning outcomes in the condition in that participants could pause the video. Thus, age is introduced as a potential boundary condition that should be investigated in instructional design research.
Non‐surgical retreatment versus papillary preservation flap surgery for residual pockets: A randomized controlled trial with clinical and patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Barbato Luigi , Noce Desirée , Di Martino Maria , Castelluzzo Walter , Spoleti Folco , Rupe Cosimo , Nieri Michele , Cairo Francesco
Published: July 2024

Aim

To compare the efficacy of non‐surgical re‐instrumentation (NSR) and papillary preservation flap (PPF) surgery at single‐rooted teeth with residual pockets.

Materials and Methods

Patients with at least a residual pocket depth (PD ≥ 5 mm) after Steps I and II were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive NSR or PPF surgery. The primary outcome was PD reduction, and secondary outcomes were clinical attachment level (CAL) change and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). Outcome variables were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months. The examiner was blinded. Statistical analysis, one site for each patient, included descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance.

Results

Forty‐six participants were enrolled, and one patient dropped out in the PPF group. After 6 months, both treatments resulted in significant PD reduction (1.3 ± 1.2 mm, p = .009 NSR; 2.0 ± 0.7 mm, p < .001 PPF) and CAL gain (1.0 ± 2.4 mm, p = .031 NSR; 1.4 ± 0.8 mm, p < .001 PPF). PD reduction between groups was not statistically significant (diff: 0.6 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.3 to 1.5]; p = .167). Pocket closure was 61% NSR versus 86% PPF (p = .091). Smoking was associated with less PD reduction of almost 1 mm in both treatments. Treatment time was longer for PPF surgery, but PROMs and post‐operative pain were similar between groups.

Conclusions

Both NSR and PPF reduced PD without significant difference between treatments at 6 months. PPF surgery may offer faster PD reduction, but smoking habits reduce treatment efficacy.
Circular battery production in the EU: Insights from integrating life cycle assessment into system dynamics modeling on recycled content and environmental impacts
Authors: Ginster Raphael , Blömeke Steffen , Popien Jan‐Linus , Scheller Christian , Cerdas Felipe , Herrmann Christoph , Spengler Thomas S.
Published: July 2024

The European Union (EU) Battery Regulation aims to establish a circular battery production and sets minimum battery material recycled targets for new batteries from post‐production and post‐consumer waste batteries. However, it is uncertain whether these targets can be met due to dynamic market developments and if their compliance results in environmental benefits. Therefore, this study examines the circular battery production in the EU and its impact on material flows and the environment from a market perspective. We combined a system dynamic market model with process models for battery production and recycling, using prospective life cycle assessment. According to our analysis, the projected amount of post‐consumer waste alone may not meet the specified levels of recycled materials due to long battery lifetimes. Thereby, the targets for cobalt are particularly ambitious, with a gap of between 9.8 and 14.6 percentage points for most scenarios. In the case of reduced battery lifetimes, the achievable recycled content across all materials increases by more than 75% in 2032 and by more than 85% in 2037. The avoidance of post‐production waste leads to 9% lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to recycling with 100% recycling efficiency. Thus, attributable amounts of post‐production waste and unfavorable prolonged use of batteries create misguided incentives to meet legal targets. Additionally, the delay between production and recycling limits the potential for circular production as this depends significantly on market conditions. Our study highlights, that besides recycling, the industry should especially advance production processes including upstream material extraction and refinement to reduce environmental impacts.
Environmental performance and trends of the world's semiconductor foundry industry
Authors: Ruberti Marcello
Published: July 2024

The semiconductor foundry industry faces the challenge of reducing its high environmental impact, mainly due to its energy‐ and water‐intensive processes and significant generation of waste. To date, no other study has focused on the assessment of the environmental performance and related historical trends of this industry as a whole. Methodologically, the first step was to analyze and process a large quantity of economic, production, and environmental data, available in the Corporate Social Responsibility reports of a companies’ sample, highly representative of the entire world's foundry industry (about 70% of the global revenue of the related sector). It was thus possible to calculate, using a common manufacturing index (MI) and after appropriate data processing, some key performance indicators, along a significant decade (2012–2021), marked by deep political, economic, and health crises. Some of the main findings of this study are that, over this 10‐year period, the increases in technological capacity (patents), wafer production, and revenue (400%, 183%, and 172%, respectively) are matched by a significant increase in hazardous waste generation per MI (20%; 239% in absolute value) and a much larger increase in general waste generation per MI (135%; 568% in absolute value). The indicators of energy, water, and revenue per MI are substantially unchanged. A substantial decrease occurs in GHG1&2 emissions per MI (−32%), mainly due to significant investments in renewable energy sources. The findings of this research could help and guide upcoming sustainability policy decisions and encourage business‐to‐business collaboration and the adoption of better environmental production practices.
Cryo‐EM structure of the dopamine transporter with a novel atypical non‐competitive inhibitor bound to the orthosteric site
Authors: Pedersen Clara Nautrup , Yang Fuyu , Ita Samantha , Xu Yibin , Akunuri Ravikumar , Trampari Sofia , Neumann Caroline Marie Teresa , Desdorf Lasse Messell , Schiøtt Birgit , Salvino Joseph M. , Mortensen Ole Valente , Nissen Poul , Shahsavar Azadeh
Published: July 2024

The regulation of dopamine (DA) removal from the synaptic cleft is a crucial process in neurotransmission and is facilitated by the sodium‐ and chloride‐coupled dopamine transporter DAT. Psychostimulant drugs, cocaine, and amphetamine, both block the uptake of DA, while amphetamine also triggers the release of DA. As a result, they prolong or even amplify neurotransmitter signaling. Atypical inhibitors of DAT lack cocaine‐like rewarding effects and offer a promising strategy for the treatment of drug use disorders. Here, we present the 3.2 Å resolution cryo‐electron microscopy structure of the Drosophila melanogaster dopamine transporter (dDAT) in complex with the atypical non‐competitive inhibitor AC‐4‐248. The inhibitor partially binds at the central binding site, extending into the extracellular vestibule, and locks the transporter in an outward open conformation. Our findings propose mechanisms for the non‐competitive inhibition of DAT and attenuation of cocaine potency by AC‐4‐248 and provide a basis for the rational design of more efficacious atypical inhibitors.

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Progress of clinical research on fractional laser treatment of androgenetic alopecia: A review article
Authors: Li Xinlin , Zhang Saisheng
Published: July 2024

Background

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent form of hair loss that affects both men and women, severely impacting patients' quality of life. Traditional treatments include oral medications, topical medications, and hair transplantation, but these methods have certain side effects and limitations. How to safely effectively and maximally promote hair growth has been a key issue in the treatment of AGA. In recent years, fractionated laser therapy, as a noninvasive method, has gradually gained attention due to its minimally invasive and highly effective nature.

Aims

In this paper, we summarized the studies related to fractional laser treatment of AGA in the past 15 years, and discussed its therapeutic mechanism, clinical effect, future development direction, and advantages and disadvantages compared with traditional treatment methods in the treatment of AGA.

Methods

An extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus. All available articles studying fractional laser treatment of AGA were compiled in March 2024. Titles and abstracts were then screened for relevance and thoroughly examined for patient clinical outcomes. Prospective clinical trials, retrospective chart reviews, case series, and individual case reports were included in the literature review.

Conclusions

Fractional laser treatment of AGA showed remarkable efficacy and high safety. Compared with traditional treatments, fractional laser has the advantages of minimally invasive, quick recovery, fewer side effects, and a wide range of population applicability, providing an effective treatment option for AGA patients. Further large‐scale clinical studies will help optimize the laser parameters and treatment settings to improve the therapeutic effect.
Development and validation of a patient‐reported outcome measure for hair loss treatment: The HAIR‐Q
Authors: Klassen Anne F. , Mansouri Jasmine , Kaur Manraj , Rae Charlene , Poulsen Lotte , Dayan Steven , Cano Stefan J. , Pusic Andrea L.
Published: July 2024

Background

Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) for hair loss focus mainly on Alopecia Areata. We created a PROM (i.e., HAIR‐Q) that is applicable to any hair loss condition. The HAIR‐Q measures satisfaction with hair.

Patients/Methods

Concept elicitation interviews were conducted and analyzed to develop a draft scale. Content validity was established through multiple rounds of patient and expert input. Psychometric properties of the scale were examined in an online sample (i.e., Prolific) using Rasch measurement theory (RMT) analysis. Test–retest reliability and tests of construct validation were examined.

Results

Content validity of a 22‐item draft scale was established with input from 11 patients, 12 experts and an online Prolific sample of 59 people who had a variety of hair loss treatments. In the RMT analysis (n = 390), 8 items were dropped. Data for the 14‐item scale fit the Rasch model (χ2 = 89.85, df = 70, p = 0.06). All 14 items had ordered thresholds and good item fit. Reliability was high with person separation index and Cronbach alpha values ≥0.91, and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.94 based on a sample of 97 participants. Higher (better) scores on the scale were associated with having more hair, looking younger than ones' age, satisfaction with hair overall, being less bothered by hair loss, and for those who had a hair loss treatment in the past year, being more satisfied with their hair now than before treatment (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The HAIR‐Q evidenced reliability and validity and can be used in research and to inform clinical care to measure satisfaction with hair from the patient perspective.
Financial crimes in Africa and economic growth: Implications for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs)
Authors: Arthur Kingsley K. , Asongu Simplice A. , Darko Peter , Ansah Marvin O. , Adom Sampson , Hlortu Omega
Published: July 2024

The current review systematically synthesizes existing literature to provide a comprehensive overview of the nature of financial crimes in Africa and their impact on economic growth. We adopted the PRISMA protocol to identify 128 papers from the Scopus database, which were analyzed using MS Excel, VOSviewer, and R‐packages (Bibliometrix). The survey reveals that financial crimes are on the rise in Africa and have gained increasing concern over the years on the part of scholars, governments, and NGOs. The survey also demonstrates that most of the financial crime in Africa emanates from illicit activities such as credit card fraud, cybercrime, mobile money fraud, financial statement fraud, Ponzi scheme, bribery and corruption, public fund mismanagement, terror financing, piracy, identity fraud, tax invasion, drug trafficking, product based‐fraud, burglary, trade‐based money laundering, sex marketing, and gambling; with the majority occurring in specific regions like Western Africa, Southern Africa, and Eastern Africa. Sociopolitical marginalization, poverty, and unemployment, weak institutional and financial regulatory systems and individual selfish interests were the major causes. Overall, the content analysis of the studies indicates that financial crimes have significant negative impacts on the economic growth of the African continent. Implications for future research and practices have been discussed.
Treasury Richness
Authors: FLECKENSTEIN MATTHIAS , LONGSTAFF FRANCIS A.
Published: July 2024

We provide estimates of Treasury convenience premia across the entire term structure of Treasury bills, notes, and bonds over more than a quarter of a century and document a variety of key stylized facts about their time‐series and cross‐sectional patterns. These results raise concerns about the evolving nature of Treasury markets and suggest that investors may now place less weight on the traditional role of Treasury securities as liquid trading vehicles. These stylized facts provide empirical benchmarks that could help guide future theoretical and empirical work about the economics of safe assets in financial markets.
Homelessness—The perspectives of people with intellectual disability and/or Autistic spectrum disorder and their families
Authors: O'Donovan Mary‐Ann , Lynch Emer , O'Donnell Linda , Kelly Kathyan
Published: July 2024

People with intellectual disability (ID) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are over‐represented in the homelessness population. A lack of available and suitable social housing leads to an over‐reliance on a private rental market where high rents are prevalent. Yet, people with ID and/or ASD, are more at risk of living in poverty and as such excluded from the private rental market. The current study reports on the lived experience of homelessness for a sample of people with ID and/or ASD and families supporting adult /children with ID/ASD. Their stories illuminate the complexity and challenges in securing a stable, safe and secure home.
Assessment of cell cycle arrest biomarkers and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin to distinguish acute kidney injury from other diseases in dogs
Authors: Biscop Ann , Castelain Donatienne , Stock Emmelie , Demeyere Kristel , Meyer Evelyne , Devriendt Nausikaa , Dorn Elisabeth , De Laet Nikita , Paepe Dominique
Published: July 2024

Background

Cell cycle arrest biomarkers (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐2 [uTIMP‐2] and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 7 [uIGFBP7]), and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) variables are valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in people.

Objectives

To evaluate uTIMP‐2, uIGFBP7, fractional excretion of NGAL (FeNGAL), and urinary to serum NGAL ratio (u/sNGAL) in healthy dogs, dogs with AKI, dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and critically ill (CI) dogs.

Animals

Forty‐two client‐owned dogs (healthy, n = 10; AKI, n = 11; CKD, n = 11; CI, n = 10).

Methods

Prospective, observational study. After assessment of routine renal biomarkers, stress (uTIMP‐2, uIGFBP7) and damage (NGAL) biomarkers were measured, using ELISA kits, and normalized to urinary creatinine (uCr).

Results

Normalized uTIMP‐2 and [uTIMP‐2] × [uIGFBP7]/uCr were significantly higher in the AKI group (median 151.9 [range, 2.2‐534.2] and 62.9 [1.1‐266.8] pg/mL respectively), compared to healthy dogs (0.3 [0.2‐74.7]; P < .001 and 0.16 [0.1‐58.1] pg/mL; P < .001), dogs with CKD (0.7 [0.3‐742.5]; P = .04 and 0.37 [0.2‐180.1] pg/mL; P = .03) and CI dogs (1.9 [0.2‐37.0]; P = .03 and 0.8 [0.1‐16.1] pg/mL; P = .02). Fractional excretion of NGAL was significantly higher in dogs with AKI (54.17 [7.93‐155.32] %), than in healthy (0.03 [0.01‐0.21] %; P < .001) and CI dogs (3.05 [0.05‐28.86] %; P = .02).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Normalized uTIMP‐2, [uTIMP‐2] × [uIGFBP7]/uCr, and FeNGAL can be valuable renal biomarkers for early diagnosis of AKI in dogs.
Text messages to improve young child diets: Results from a cluster‐randomized controlled trial in Kanchanpur, Nepal
Authors: Cunningham Kenda , Cech Sidney , Gupta Aman Sen , Rana Pooja Pandey , Humphries Debbie , Frongillo Edward A.
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to test whether adding a text message campaign about the importance of eating eggs and other nutrition‐related behaviours to an on‐going package of large‐scale, diverse social and behaviour change interventions would improve four types of nutrition‐related knowledge and behaviour outcomes: child diets (egg consumption as the primary outcome), maternal diets, maternal nutrition knowledge, and maternal participation in additional interventions. The cluster‐randomized controlled trial involved a repeat cross‐sectional design, recruiting families with children 12–23 months of age at baseline and endline in one plains district of Nepal. Throughout the 1000‐day period, 51 text messages were sent to each household at specific time points to reinforce ideal diets and other nutrition‐related practices and promote engagement with community health workers and other intervention platforms. The primary outcome was egg consumption and dietary diversity among young children. We found no population‐level effect. Some evidence supports that for those who received and opened the SMS intervention, it improved child egg consumption (odds ratio [OR]: 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.93), child minimum dietary diversity (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07–1.73), child dietary diversity scores (β: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.01–0.24), as well as maternal IYCF knowledge (β: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08–0.35), participation in health mothers' group meetings (OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.91–4.84) and Bhanchhin Aama listenership (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07–1.73). This study highlights the importance of more research to understand the effectiveness of emerging digital interventions for behaviour change among specific populations, to facilitate nuanced targeting to those who can best benefit from these investments. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov with identifier NCT03926689.
(Re)constructing and (re)negotiating identities: A case study of postsecondary language teachers and social justice education
Authors: Paesani Kate , Goodspeed Lauren , Menke Mandy , Ruf Helena
Published: July 2024

This study explores the identity formation of two postsecondary language teachers and course coordinators—one in German and one in French—as they created intermediate‐level, content‐based social justice curricular units for a multiyear project. Using a multiple‐case‐study methodology and cultural–historical activity theory, this qualitative investigation answers the following research question: How do experienced postsecondary language teachers (re)construct and (re)negotiate their identities while developing social justice teaching materials? Findings, based on multicycle descriptive coding, reveal that participants’ past experiences, personal values, feelings of self‐doubt, and positionality as content‐based language teachers influenced their language teacher identity, as did tensions within and across three activity systems: the curriculum development project, classroom teaching, and the coordination of multisection courses. These findings have important implications for teacher professional development and community building related to social justice in language education.