bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reasons for Self-Medication from the Perspective of Iranian Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Janatolmakan Maryam , Abdi Alireza , Andayeshgar Bahareh , Soroush Ali , Khatony Alireza
Published: April 2022

Background. The prevalence of self-medication has increased dramatically worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the reasons for self-medication from the perspective of Iranian nursing students. Methods. This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis method. Fifteen nursing students were selected by the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected by in-depth semistructured interviews. Qualitative content analysis method was used for data analysis. The MAXQDA software was used for data management. Results. Data saturation was achieved with fifteen interviews with nine women and six men, with a mean age of 26.5 ± 4.8 years. The reasons for self-medication were explained in five categories and fifteen subcategories. Some of the reasons for self-medication were having medication information, having previous experience, easy access to medicine, lack of enough time, access to medical staff, cost of a doctor’s visit, inadequate respect for patient privacy, pharmaceutical advertising in the media, and information explosion. Discussion. Several factors are involved in self-medication. Given the dangers of self-medication, health policymakers must adopt strict policies for pharmacies that sell drugs without a prescription. Furthermore, it is helpful to run training courses on self-medication risks for students.
Study on Lung Injury Caused by Fine Particulate Matter and Intervention Effect of Rhodiola wallichiana
Authors: Cao Lei , Lin Hua , Li Qi , Han Shuzhi , Yin Hang , Zhang Ning , Gao Yanfeng , Chen Ye , Ping Fen
Published: April 2022

Objective. The objective of this study was to observe the protective effect of Rhodiola wallichiana drops in a rat model of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) lung injury. Methods. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control (NC), normal saline (NS), PM2.5-infected (PM), and Rhodiola wallichiana (RW) groups. Rats in the NC group were not provided any interventions, whereas those in the NS and PM groups were administered normal saline and PM2.5 suspension by trachea drip once a week for four weeks. Rats in the RW group were intraperitoneally administered Rhodiola wallichiana for 14 days and then administered PM2.5 suspension by trachea drip 7 days after drug delivery. The levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and oxidative stress biomarkers such as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, 4-hydroxynonenal, and protein carbonyl content were determined in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by ELISA. The level of 4-hydroxynonenal in the lung was also determined using Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Results. Levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress biomarkers were all increased in the PM group but decreased in the RW group. Western blotting revealed increased 4-hydroxynonenal levels in the PM group but decreased levels in the RW group. Immunohistochemical staining also provided similar results. Conclusion. Rhodiola wallichiana could protect rats from inflammation and oxidative stress injury caused by PM2.5.
Optimization Model and Algorithm of Cigarette Distribution Route Based on Cluster Analysis
Authors: Xiao Hong , Xu Huizhen , Wang Xiaokun , Hang Bo
Published: April 2022

Cigarette distribution is an important part of the tobacco logistics supply chain, and it will affect the distribution cost, efficiency, and service quality. In this paper，we choose a two-stage optimization method to analyze the cigarette distribution route across the Administrative Region in China. First, we use a K-means clustering algorithm to generate an initial center. Then, we optimize the clustering region with the vehicle load and workload as constraints. Finally, we establish the cigarette distribution route optimization model by taking the lowest distribution cost as the objective function. In the model calculation, we not only select the adaptive genetic algorithm as the solution algorithm but also use the scanning algorithm to generate the initial population ,design adaptive crossover and mutation probability, and also design inverse operator to correct the error, and we wish to improve the solution performance of the algorithm by this way.In addition, taking the cigarette distribution of Chongqing Tobacco Logistics as an example, this paper analyzes the number of vehicles, average loading rate, and total distribution distance and distribution cost, and finds that the cross-regional joint distribution route is better than independent distribution. And we also find that using clustering analysis and the genetic algorithm could reduce the amount of computation and solve the problem effectively.
An Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Pathway Attenuates the Release of TGF-β1 and Inhibits the Fibrogenic Progress in a Model of Airway Remodeling Induced by Acrolein
Authors: Chen Peng , Wang Xiaoxia , Li Yanping , Liu Hong
Published: April 2022

Airway inflammation, airway hypersecretion, and airway remodeling are believed to be involved in the process of lung fibrosis. Nowadays, acrolein is widely used to establish the model of airway remodeling. An active component of propolis, named caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), is recognized as an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway and shows anti-inflammatory effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of CAPE on acrolein-induced airway remodeling. 24 mice were divided into 4 groups: control group; acrolein group, mice received acrolein (inhalation of acrolein for 20 days); CAPE group, mice received CAPE (30 mg/kg); and acrolein+CAPE group, mice received acrolein and CAPE. After 20 days, lung tissue was removed for histopathology and immunohistochemical evaluations. TGF-β1 and Muc5ac levels were measured at the protein and molecular levels. Additionally, the phospho-P65/P65 values in the airway smooth muscle cells treated with TGF-β1 or CAPE were detected by Western blot. The results showed that compared with the control, subepithelial collagen deposition, airway inflammation, and peribronchus fibrosis were inhibited in the group treated with CAPE. Furthermore, TGF-β1 was significantly decreased in the acrolein+CAPE group compared with the acrolein group. Additionally, we identified CAPE inhibited P65 phosphorylation. However, CAPE did not inhibit the Muc5ac overproduction and hypersecretion induced by acrolein. In conclusion, as an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, CAPE attenuated the release of TGF-β1, which inhibited the fibrogenic progress induced by acrolein in mice and took no effect on inhibiting airway mucus hypersecretion.
Effect of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention Under Internet-Based WeChat Platform Education on Postoperative Recovery of Puerperae Undergoing Cesarean Section
Authors: Kong Guixiang , Liu Jinfeng , Jiang Jing
Published: April 2022

Objective. To explore the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention under internet-based WeChat platform education on postoperative recovery of puerperae undergoing cesarean section (C-section). Methods. A total of 96 patients undergoing C-section in our hospital from June 2018 to October 2021 were selected for the retrospective analysis and grouped according to the nursing intervention modes as follows: patients who received a routine nursing intervention were included in the control group, and patients who received comprehensive nursing intervention under internet-based WeChat platform education were included in the study group, with 48 cases each. After the intervention, the postoperative recovery of puerperae undergoing C-section and obstetrics nursing quality were scientifically assessed. Results. No statistical differences in general data between the two groups were observed (

P
>
0.05

). Compared with the control group, patients in the study group had obviously earlier initial time of lactation (

P
<
0.05

), significantly higher breast milk amount within 48 h after delivery (

P
<
0.05

), significantly earlier spontaneous urination time, anal exhaust time and off-bed activity time (

P
<
0.05

), obviously better mastery of health knowledge (

P
<
0.05

), and, in terms of SCL-90, remarkably lower total score, average total positive score, and the number of positive items and scores in dimensions, such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensibility, anger-hostility, phobic-anxiety, and paranoid ideation (

P
<
0.05

). At discharge, 3 months, and 6 months of follow-up, patients in the study group obtained significantly higher scores on quality of life than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. In the nursing of puerperae undergoing C-section, comprehensive nursing intervention measures based on the internet-based WeChat platform education can effectively improve the early lactation, mastery of health knowledge, and adverse emotions of puerpera and promote their postoperative recovery.
Studying the Diagnostic Effectiveness of English Education Based on Rule Mining and Question Type Association Analysis
Authors: Wu Yan , Gao Baohua
Published: April 2022

The greatest difficulty in implementing diagnostic assessment lies in the tracking, recording, real-time feedback, and correction of English learners’ learning process, and these difficulties are difficult to be solved when human beings (teachers or students) are the assessment subjects. To this end, this paper uses data mining to build a question type association model, machine learning to build an English education prediction model, and finally adds the existing knowledge point association model to the system to obtain a diagnostic evaluation model. Based on the diagnostic evaluation model, a question association rule-based algorithm is designed and implemented and validated in three aspects: grouping time, test recommendation, and performance improvement. Based on the requirements analysis, the authors designed and implemented a diagnostic assessment subsystem using the diagnostic assessment model and the related paper grouping algorithm and added it to the university English diagnostic practice system. The diagnostic assessment model for English education proposed in this paper can accurately evaluate the learning status of English learners, dynamically diagnose the learning obstacles of English learners, and effectively provide better practice guidance and test recommendations for English learners’ learning status and knowledge-based question type obstacles.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor with Repeated Multiple Cerebral Infarction Mimicking Ovarian Cancer with Trousseau’s Syndrome
Authors: Kobayashi Misa , Otsuki Yoshirou , Kobayashi Hiroharu , Suzuki Takashi , Nakayama Satoru , Adachi Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

We report a case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with repeated multiple cerebral infarctions mimicking ovarian cancer. A 79-year-old postmenopausal woman had multiple cerebral infarctions with a giant pelvic tumor detected by computed tomography. Ovarian cancer with Trousseau’s syndrome was suspected. Through laparoscopic biopsy on the tumor surface, she was diagnosed with left ovarian fibrosarcoma; although, the abdominal cavity could not be observed appropriately. Ovarian fibrosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor and still has no adequate treatment strategy. Complete resection was planned. The tumor was extremely fragile, and gelatinous that it easily bled. Meanwhile, the uterus and bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes were all normal. The tumor invaded only the peritoneum near the left sacral uterine ligament and sigmoid colon, with no peritoneal dissemination. To completely remove the tumor, we performed total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy and sigmoidal and rectal resection with colostomy. Despite resuming her anticoagulant therapy on postoperative day 4, she had recurrent multiple strokes. On histopathological examination, tumor showed spindle cell proliferation with severe atypia, increased mitotic activity, and widespread necrosis. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive staining for c-kit, CD34, and DOG1. Thus, she was diagnosed with GIST. This case was rare and highly malignant, with a high risk of recurrence of GIST because of a giant ruptured tumor that had a mitotic activity of 36/10 high-power fields from the sigmoid colon. Multiple cerebral infarctions mimicking ovarian cancer recurred. Therefore, preoperative diagnosis of an atypical GIST was extremely difficult.
Outspacing Planar Phased Arrays for Wireless Communications Infrastructure
Authors: Ark B. G. M. van , Smolders A. B.
Published: April 2022

The future mobile-data demand, driven by 5G and 6G wireless communications, puts enormous pressure on the required infrastructure. Especially the need for higher data rates and corresponding higher operating frequencies calls for new transmitter concepts with improved power-added efficiencies. Outspacing, which combines outphasing, also known as linear amplification with nonlinear components (LINC), a phased array, and spatial power combining, could be a promising solution for these challenging performance requirements. In this paper, an extended array-level analysis is performed on the efficiency, mutual coupling, and transmit performance of outspacing arrays supported by new performance metrics, since conventional metrics show to be insufficient for analyzing the outspacing concept. The analysis of the concept is performed on two different planar outspacing configurations. The presented outspacing concept with an element spacing of

λ

0

/
2

appears to be very suited for applications that require a limited scan range, typically smaller than ±20°. A prototype is realized and characterized for a limited-scan scenario at 2.4 GHz to limit technology-related risks in the verification of the outspacing concept. The outspacing planar array is tested using an over-the-air (OTA) test concept applied in an anechoic test facility. An error vector magnitude below 3%, when transmitting a QAM16 signal, is realized in the main beam of the antenna without the use of calibration. Furthermore, an analysis is done on additional efficiency improvements. The active reflection coefficient, which is strongly related to the mutual coupling between the array elements, appears to have very interesting properties for improving amplifier drain efficiency by active load modulation.
Solving an Integral Equation via Orthogonal Branciari Metric Spaces
Authors: Mukheimer Aiman , Gnanaprakasam Arul Joseph , Haq Absar Ul , Prakasam Senthil Kumar , Mani Gunaseelan , Baloch Imran Abbas
Published: April 2022

In this article, we present an orthogonalL-contraction mapping concepts and prove a fixed point theorem on orthogonal complete Branciari metric spaces. As an application, we apply our major results to solving integral equations.
Dose-Dependent Efficacy of Umbelliferone and Gelatin-Coated ZnO/ZnS Core-Shell Nanoparticles: A Novel Arthritis Agent for Severe Knee Arthritis
Authors: Zheng Yongzhi , Lakshmanan Sivalingam
Published: April 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a well-known autoimmune disorder that affects 1% of the global population. Zinc (Zn) is crucial for bone homeostasis, when compared with normal human bone, Zn level found to be decreased in RA patients and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Notably, Zn-based medicinal products play a prominent role in reducing disease symptoms and acute side effects of patients with bone-related diseases. In this study, we report the clinical efficiency of gelatin- (Gel-) coated ZnO-ZnS core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) with umbelliferon (Uf) drug (Uf-Gel-ZnO-ZnS CSNPs) on the normal and CIA-induced Wistar rats. The formed ZnO-ZnS CSNPs are spherical in shape, with an average particle diameter of

150
±
7
 
nm

. It showed strong cytocompatibility when tested on L929 and foreskin fibroblasts (BJ) cells by MTT assay. While comparing with free Uf, various doses (2.5 and 5 mg) of Uf-Gel-ZnO-ZnS CSNPs showed strong inhibition of CIA by attenuated proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β, IL-6, PEG2, and IL-17. The Uf-Gel-ZnO-ZnS CSNPs show more effectiveness in reducing joint swelling and also increase the level of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, CSNPs significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the knee joint. Thus, the current study concludes that Uf-Gel-ZnO-ZnS CSNPs feasibly reduce the incidence of arthritis in a dose-dependent manner by attenuation of inflammation.
Effect of Riluzole on the Expression of HCN2 in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons of Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Rats
Authors: Zhou Dong-mei , Shen Feng-Jie , Hao Rong , Bei-Miao  , Yang Jin-Kui
Published: April 2022

Neuropathic pain since early diabetes swamps patients’ lives, and diabetes mellitus has become an increasingly worldwide epidemic. No agent, so far, can terminate the ongoing diabetes. Therefore, strategies that delay the process and the further complications are preferred, such as diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Dysfunction of ion channels is generally accepted as the central mechanism of diabetic associated neuropathy, of which hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 2 (HCN2) ion channel has been verified the involvement of neuropathic pain in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Riluzole is a benzothiazole compound with neuroprotective properties on intervention to various ion channels, including hyperpolarization-activated voltage-dependent channels. To investigate the effect of riluzole within lumbar (L3-5) DRG neurons from DNP models, streptozocin (STZ, 70 mg/kg) injection was recruited subcutaneously followed by paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL), which both show significant reduction, whilst relieved by riluzole (4 mg/kg/d) administration, which was performed once daily for 7 consecutive days for 14 days. HCN2 expression was also decreased in line with alleviated behavioral tests. Our results indicate riluzole as the alleviator to STZ-induced DNP with involvement of downregulated HCN2 in lumbar DRG by continual systemic administration in rats.
Identification and Validation of Immune Cells and Hub Genes in Gastric Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Wang Huan , Rong Jianfang , Zhao Qiaoyun , Song Conghua , Zhao Rulin , Chen Sihai , Xie Yong
Published: April 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common malignant tumor in the digestive system, traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not effective for some patients. The research progress of immunotherapy seems to provide a new way for treatment. However, it is still urgent to predict immunotherapy biomarkers and determine novel therapeutic targets. In this study, the gene expression profiles and clinical data of 407 stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal, and the abundance ratio of immune cells in each sample was obtained via the “Cell Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT)” algorithm. Five immune cells were obtained as a result of abundance comparison, and 295 immune-related genes were obtained through differential gene analysis. Enrichment, protein interaction, and module analysis were performed on these genes. We identified five immune cells associated with infiltration and 20 hub genes, of which five genes were correlated with overall survival. Finally, we used Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) to detect the expression differences of the five hub genes in 18 pairs of GC and adjacent tissues. This research not only provides cellular and gene targets for immunotherapy of GC but also provides new ideas for researchers to explore immunotherapy for various tumors.
Transforming the Capabilities of Artificial Intelligence in GCC Financial Sector: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Khan Habib Ullah , Malik Muhammad Zain , Alomari Mohammad Kamel Bader , Khan Sulaiman , Al-Maadid Alanoud Ali S. A. , Hassan Mostafa Kamal , Khan Khaliquzzaman
Published: April 2022

Identity and access management is a business process framework that makes it easier to maintain genuine user identities and regulate access to sensitive assets. The word “access control” refers to an organization’s policy for authorizing access procedures, the mechanisms that implement and enforce the policy, and the model that the policy and procedures are built on. Adopting new technology may give rise to specific cyber threats that decrease or degrade business operations. The paper has designed to discuss the artificial intelligence-based access control system as a necessary component of governing and safeguarding the financial sector’s information assets in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Due to the dynamic and complicated nature of security rules for access control, organizations that employ web-enabled remote access in conjunction with applications access deployed over several networks face various obstacles, including increased operational complexity and monitoring concerns. Organizations spend a vast budget on securing their business. As the industry trend has shifted to intelligent internet-based companies on the same side, the cyber threat has become a challenge for the researcher to find the solution. A systematic research is conducted to fill the gaps in the existing literature by picking the most relevant research papers (126) from the four most reputable online repositories based on the four research questions specified. These research topics aim to evaluate the current situation from many perspectives and provide new avenues for future study to be studied soon to maintain high security and authenticity inside financial sectors of the GCC’s countries.
Blockchain Data Sharing Query Scheme based on Threshold Secret Sharing
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhang Xin , Sun Zhixin
Published: April 2022

Blockchain is a distributed ledger that combines technologies such as timestamp, cryptography, consensus mechanism, and peer-to-peer network. In the field of data recording and management, the blockchain data query scheme based on smart contracts consumes a lot of resources, and blockchain platforms that do not support smart contracts cannot achieve convenient data query. This study proposes a blockchain data sharing query scheme based on threshold secret sharing. The secret elements used to query data are shared through the Blakley space plane equation to limit the rights of the inquirer, ensuring the security of blockchain data query. At the same time, the Blakley space plane equation coefficient matrix is used to segment the data to be uploaded to the blockchain. It solves the problem that the data cannot be directly stored in the block due to their large size. It facilitates data uploading to the blockchain. The experimental results show that the additional time consumption of the secret sharing and recovery, data segmentation, and reconstruction of this scheme is much less than the block generation time. Therefore, this solution will not affect the normal operation of blockchain applications and can improve the security and the fault tolerance rate of data query.
Machine Learning-Based Secured Intelligent DMA Controller for Video Restoration
Authors: Kotti Jayasri , Rao D. Nageswara , Ramana T. V. , Khan Huma , Pallivalappil Abdul Shareef , Kumar Harish , Atiglah Henry Kwame
Published: April 2022

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is an optimization algorithm for adjusting maximum power for DC/DC converters. SEPIC (single-ended primary-inductor converter) can allow the voltage to match the impedance between input and output. The perturbation and observation (P&O) method is a state-of-art tracking technique to maintain the voltage in photovoltaic (PV) systems. For this purpose, the adaptation of the P&O technique in economical digital devices can make sure of its efficiency and robustness. This paper was aimed at developing and designing an effective photovoltaic system based on the modified P&O algorithm with improved accuracy and power efficiency, thereby increasing the stability of a solar system. The performance of the proposed solar regulator system with two MPPT algorithms is verified using MATLAB simulator along with advanced modified P&O, and a hybrid excellence controller algorithm is also developed. The proposed system uses IoT-based sensors to transmit vital data to the cloud for remote monitoring and control purposes. The IoT platform helps the system to be viewed remotely.
Rediscovery of Diospyros bambuseti (Ebenaceae) in Thailand: Emended taxonomic description, lectotypification, and phylogenetic placement
Authors: DUANGJAI SUTEE , SINBUMROONG AROON , CHALERMWONG PORNTAWAT , SUEKAEW PADUNGSAK , SUDDEE SOMRAN
Published: April 2022

Diospyros bambuseti is a rare species endemic to Thailand that was previously known only from type specimens. The only male specimens of this species were collected in 1930 from a bamboo forest in Aranya Prathet district, now Sa Kaeo Province, Thailand. Both male and female plants were rediscovered in Surat Thani Province, upper Peninsular Thailand during 2015–2020. In this work, we provide an emended description, detailed ecological data, photographs, and illustrations of recently collected specimens. We performed lectotypification and investigated the phylogenetic placement and sister taxa of D. bambuseti based on the DNA sequences of eight plastid regions. D. bambuseti is closely related to D. ehretioides, D. fasiculosa, and D. venosa. Finally, we provide a detailed morphological comparison of D. bambuseti with related species.
Dioscorea magnibracteata (Dioscoreaceae), a new species from western Ecuador based on the unpublished work of Temple Clayton
Authors: COUTO RICARDO SOUSA , CORNEJO XAVIER
Published: April 2022

Dioscorea magnibracteata is described and formally presented as a new species based on specimens identified with unpublished names by Temple Clayton. This species occurs exclusively in the seasonally deciduous dry tropical forest of coastal Ecuador, a fairly threatened environment. This new species is monoecious and features staminate flowers with six stamens but differs markedly from all other species of Neotropical Dioscorea by the staminate inflorescences with very large cymbiform bracts and toothed to lacerated margin. We provide a morphological description as well as information on habitat, geographic distribution and taxonomic comments that include the morphological delimitation of the new species and similarities to other species of Dioscorea sect. Monadelpha.
A new genus and two new species of Swordtail Crickets (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae; Trigonidiinae) from China
Authors: HE ZHI-XIN , WU QIAN , MA LI-BIN
Published: April 2022

Here we report two new species of the swordtail crickets (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae; Trigonidiinae) from Yunnan and Guangxi Province, China. One species (Trigonidium rubrumoculus sp. nov.) belongs to the genus Trigonidium, and we describe a new genus for the other species (Polycomus gen. nov., Polycomus exspiravit sp. nov.). The new genus resembles Amusurgus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 in appearance but differs in the structure of the male genitalia. Descriptions, illustrations, and distributions of these new species are provided.
Synthesis and Comparison of Eu3+ Doped M-Gd2(MoO4)3 and O-Gd2(MoO4)3 Phosphors
Authors: Zhang Min , Cao Chunyan , Chen Zijun , Huang Nihui , Bai Bihai , Li Yuechan , Xie An
Published: April 2022

The Eu3+ doped monoclinic phase of Gd2(MoO4)3 (M-Gd2(MoO4)3) and the Eu3+ doped orthorhombic phase of Gd2(MoO4)3 (O-Gd2(MoO4)3) red
phosphors were synthesized by adjusting the synthesis temperatures. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) patterns, the EDS (energy-dispersive spectra), and the FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscope) images were used to comparatively study crystalline structures, compositions, and morphologies
of the two materials. The DRS (diffuse reflection spectra), the room and high temperature PL (photoluminescence) spectra, and the fluorescence decay curves were recorded to compare the PL properties of the two phosphors. The characterization results suggest that the M-Gd2(MoO4)3
phosphor has lower synthesis temperature, while the O-Gd2(MoO4)3 phosphor has bigger particles, larger energy band gap value, stronger PL intensities, longer lifetimes, and better thermal stabilities. For Eu3+, the research results prove that the
O-Gd2(MoO4)3 is a better host material choice than that of the M-Gd2(MoO4)3.
Microstructure and Properties of FeCoNiCuSix High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Wen Guo , MingLong Gong , LiTing Huang , KeYi Wagn , HuaiZhi Qu , FengFang Liu , Jing Bai , QiuZhi Gao , Xiang Zhao , Song Li
Published: April 2022

The microstructure morphology, hardness, corrosion resistance and magnetic properties of FeCoNiCuSix high entropy alloys prepared by vacuum arc melting at different Si content were studied. Found by multiple testing methods, the crystal structure of the FeCoNiCuSix high entropy alloy
without Si has both FCC and BCC structures. After adding Si, all the structure of the alloy transforms to FCC, and there are differences between the alloys after adding Si, which mainly concentrates in the interdendritic areas and dendritic edges. At the same time, because of the addition
of Si, the overall hardness of the alloy very significantly improves. When the content of Si < 0.2, the overall compressive property of the alloy decreases, but when the content of Si > 0.2, the alloy has a certain ductility and compressive strength. Due to the enrichment of Cu, the
alloy is easy to form a primary cell at the enrichment of Cu, which reduces the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Meanwhile, a small amount of Si can form a solid solution in the Cu enrichment area, reduce the galvanic effect, and improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy. However, with
the increase of Si content in the FeCoNiCuSix high entropy alloy, the corrosion resistance of the alloy will deteriorate and the corrosion rate will accelerate. At the same time, the addition of Si will also have a negative effect on the magnetic properties of the alloy.
Effect of Air-Containing Liposome Ultrasound Nano-Bubbles in the Pathological Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Cao Fang , Jiang Ning
Published: April 2022

Compared with micron-sized ultrasound contrast agents, the use of nano-carriers and blood vessels to penetrate into the tissue for imaging and the installation of therapeutic agents in the contrast agent carrier has become one of the current development trends of contrast agents. In
this study, based on the self-assembly characteristics of phospholipid molecules on the surface of free bubbles, lipid-encapsulated nano-bubbles were prepared and optimized. Firstly, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) type nano-dissolved gas water was prepared based on the dissolved air
pump method, and then it was combined with the dried phospholipids to form the air-containing liposomes (ACL). After the nano ACL was generated, it was undertaken as drug carrier, and Baze was used as a model drug to analyze its inhibitory effect on triple-negative breast cancer cells. Finally,
in the clinical field, ultrasound combined with cancer antigen 125 (CA125) loaded with nano ACL was used for early pathological diagnosis of ovarian epithelial cancer. The test results showed that the distribution peak of the nano-dissolved gas water particles appeared at 140 nm, and the peak
shifted after addition of sodium chloride (NaCl) or bazedoxifene (Baze), proving the existence of free nano-bubbles in the dissolved gas water. The number of layers of nano ACL was 4˜14, and the particle size was 193.8±6.2 nm. Under the conditions of in vitro ultrasound,
both perfusion imaging and aggregation imaging showed strong ultrasound imaging effects. With the addition of drug-loaded ACL and 42.8 kPa ultrasound, the survival rate of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was only 61.28±2.38%, which meant that the drug-loaded nano ACL + ultrasound can
significantly inhibit the cells survival rate (P <0.05). Ultrasound combined with CA125 loaded with nano ACL can greatly improve the early pathological diagnosis rate of epithelial ovarian cancer, and the corresponding positive rate exceeded 90% (P <0.05).
A New Heterocyclic Compound from Rhodiola crenulata on Severe Pediatric Pneumonia and Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence
Authors: Cao Yong-Ning , Zhang Xiao-Xing
Published: April 2022

Severe pneumonia in children is the main cause of death in infants and young children. Rhodiola crenulata, an important medicinal herb with various biological activities, is used as traditional drug for its content of different secondary metabolites. The role of a new compound
extracted from R. crenulata on hypotension after anesthesia was determined, and the internal principle was discussed simultaneously. An animal model of pediatric pneumonia was built, and next the treatment of compound. ELISA was performed to detect the level of inflammatory cytokines
released into the lavage fluid of alveoli. Real-time RT-PCR was exploited, and the signaling-pathway activation for NF-κB in the epithelial cells of alveoli was examined. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic results manifested that R. crenulata was clustered with other related
categories.
Combined Effects of the Tire Loading Velocity and the Nonlinear Cross-Anisotropic Properties of Granular Base on Critical Pavement Responses
Authors: Guo Minrui , Li Xiangwen , Xiao Weizhong
Published: April 2022

The primary purpose of the research is to explore the combined effects of the tire loading velocity (LV) and the nonlinear cross-anisotropic properties of granular base on critical pavement responses. An accurate finite element (FE) model of the pavement structure is constructed using
ABAQUS software after verification. The FE model is applied for quantitative research by changing the nonlinear cross-anisotropic characteristic parameters under different LVs, which is done to determine the relationship between the critical strain responses and LVs under nonlinear cross-anisotropic
properties. The transverse tensile strain is found to be exerted on the pavement for a longer amount of time than the longitudinal tensile strain. It also found that the critical longitudinal, transverse, and shear strains can be described as having exponential relationships. The exponent
coefficients indicate that the influences of the LV on these three types of strains are analogical. In other words, with the increase of tire velocity, the critical strains decay exponentially. The LV is found to have a limited impact on the compressive strain under the same nonlinear cross-anisotropic
properties. However, the effects of nonlinear cross-anisotropic properties on the compressive strain at the top of the subgrade are obvious.
Pterostilbene Affects Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) by Targeting miR-126-3p
Authors: Wu Di , Xie Tianyu , Li Shuo , Lu Yixun , Li Xiongguang , Song Qiying , Zhang Benlong , Zhang Liyu , Wang Xinxin
Published: April 2022

The incidence of digestive system tumors has been increasing in recent years. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Although a lot of research has been conducted, the effect of GC treatment is still not good. Pterostilbene (PT) has pro-apoptosis and
anti-proliferation effects on solid tumors but the effect of PT on GC is unclear. Our study analyzed the effect of PT on GC and miR-126-3p, and provided a reliable reference for future clinical treatment of GC. Through Real time PCR, we first determined that miR-126-3p was down-regulated in
GC, which is not related to general characteristics of patients, including gender and age, but is related to differentiation, metastasis, and tumor TNM pathological staging, suggesting that miR-126-3 could be used for predicting the occurrence and prognosis of cancer. In vitro experiments
confirmed that further down-regulation of miR-126-3p can increase tumor cell proliferation, decrease apoptosis, promote invasion, and inhibit EMT. On the other hand, overexpression of miR-126-3p inhibited cancer cell-related activities, but promoted EMT. Administration of PT suppressed GC
cell activity, inhibited EMT, and increased the expression of miR-126-3p, indicating that PT may affect GC cells by regulating miR-126-3p, which may be one of options for new treatments of GC in the future.
Molecular Mechanism of Anti-Lymphoma by Nano Drug Delivery System of Polyethylenimine 2k (PEI2k)-Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) Assembled by Multifunctional Molecular Matching
Authors: Gao Jie , Li Wei
Published: April 2022

Multifunctional molecular matching was adopted to assemble nanodrug delivery system of polyethylenimine 2k (PEI2k)-superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) so as to discuss molecular mechanism for anti-lymphoma by this kind of technology. Human lymphoma cells were adopted to be exposed in
the nanodrug delivery system of PEI2k-SPIO assembled by multifunctional molecular matching in our study. Apoptotic rate and period distribution of cells were detected with FCM. Proliferative condition of of human lymphoma cell line was analyzed by MTT. The mRNA associated with Wnt/β-catenin
signal pathway was detected by Real time PCR method. Proliferation of Burkitts was restrained by PEI2k-SPIO nanodrug delivery system assembled by multifunctional molecular matching. The apoptotic rate of cells increased and cells were blocked at G2/M phase. In addition, the expression of cytoplasmic
and nuclear β-catenin mRNA in the Burkitt’s cells was reduced and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway was restrained. The apoptosis of lymphoma cells may have been prompted by PEI2k-SPIO nanodrug delivery system assembled by multifunctional molecular matching. The mechanism
may be related with restraining the signal pathway of Wnt/β-catenin.
Challenges and Opportunities: Asian Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Authors: Varma Roli , Falk John H. , Dierking Lynn D.
Published: April 2022

This special issue brings selected papers from an international conference which brought a group of approximately 30 Science Technology and Society and Popularization of Science experts from nine South Asian and Southeast Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and Thailand), plus the United States. They discussed how best to enhance public awareness about the role of women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). These papers show how to develop strategies for increasing the participation of women in STEM, both as STEM professionals and as informed and engaged, lifelong participants in a STEM-rich world.
Sub-Nanosecond Digital Signal Processing of Photomultiplier Tube Response Enabling Multiphoton Counting in Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Yu-Chung , Sinfield Joseph V.
Published: April 2022

This paper introduces a novel approach to achieve multiple photon counting for Raman spectroscopy. The multiphoton counting process is made possible by recording and analyzing the photomultiplier tube response to each pulse of a pulsed laser in a time-resolved Raman spectroscopy system. Conventional Raman spectroscopy typically considers photon arrivals as binary events assessed by a single threshold. Hence, the conventional algorithm ignores the fact that multiple photons could arrive within the same response, sacrificing potential signal gain. In this work, a high-speed data acquisition system and multiple threshold digital signal processing counting algorithm are employed to facilitate multiphoton counting, a data processing approach that differentiates photon arrival events by amplitude and time and contributes to improved Raman detection sensitivity. The multiphoton counting algorithm enables lower concentration detection, greater sensitivity, shortens experiment duration, and improves noise rejection. Results from analyses of aqueous solutions of nitrate, isopropanol, and rhodamine 6G demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of this algorithm. The algorithm increased system sensitivity by ∼ 2.0-, 2.0-, and 3.1-fold, compared to traditional single-threshold analyses of the same data for tests performed on nitrate, isopropanol, and rhodamine 6G, respectively. Results also demonstrated that the multiphoton counting algorithm increases the upper analysis limit for high Raman-yield compounds, shifting the saturation threshold to a higher concentration in typical concentration versus intensity calibration curves.
A Systematic Review of Asynchronous Online Learning Opportunities for Paraeducators
Authors: Knowles Christen L. , D’Agostino Sophia R. , Kunze Megan G. , Uitto Denise J. , Douglas Sarah N.
Published: April 2022

Due to a variety of factors, many paraeducators receive little to no opportunities to advance their professional skills. Asynchronous online learning opportunities offer a flexible way for districts to provide paraeducators opportunities to advance their knowledge, although little is known about what online resources are available, their features, or their overall quality. A review was conducted of 19 freely available online learning opportunities to evaluate features, alignment with federal legislation and professional standards, active engagement features, and usability. Results indicated that features and quality indicators varied across resources and half of the resources required active user engagement. Limitations, suggestions for future development, and future research directions are discussed with an emphasis on factors related to online delivery.
An Investigation of Preservice Teachers’ Apprenticeship of Observation Through a Lens of Autobiographical Memory
Authors: Crowe Fiona , McGarr Oliver
Published: April 2022

Preservice teachers’ schooling during their “apprenticeship of observation” has long been a focus of attention in teacher education as it is seen as influential in the development of teacher beliefs and in limiting preservice teachers’ openness to alternative conceptions of teaching. Looking through the lens of autobiographical memory, the research engaged 42 preservice teachers in semi-structured interviews exploring their talk about secondary schooling experiences. This research found that the participating preservice teachers agentically constructed nuanced schooling memories. Rather than their experiences of schooling practices imposing conceptions of teaching on them, participants were selective in encoding and recalling practices congruent with their goal of becoming a teacher. While acknowledging the important contribution of the apprenticeship of observation construct, these research findings suggest that when viewed through the lens of autobiographical memory, the construct is more nuanced than commonly presented, and, thus necessitates further consideration by teacher educators.
Intensive Care Nurses’ Anxiety About COVID-19, Approaches to and Attitudes Toward Dying with Dignity Principles During the Pandemic
Authors: CAN ÖZDEMİR Rana , IŞIK Meryem Türkan , DOGAN HAVVA , ERDEN ERTÜRK Sema
Published: April 2022

While trying to protect themselves from COVID-19, intensive care nurses saved many patients by providing care during the pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine the anxiety levels of nurses working in intensive care units about COVID-19, attitudes toward and approaches to end-of-life care, and attitudes toward dying with dignity. This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with 144 nurses. The Attitudes and Behaviors of ICU Nurses Intended for End-of-Life Care Scale, Attitudes towards Principles about Dying with Dignity Scale and COVID-19 Anxiety Scale were used to collect data. The mean age of the nurses was 30.02 ± 6.02. 63.80% of them were women and 62.20% of them worked in the internal intensive care unit. While the participants supported the principles of dying with dignity, their attitudes and approach to end-of-life care were at a good level, and COVID-19 anxiety was at a low level. Participants mostly adopted the protection of human dignity and privacy principles. Attitudes and approaches to end-of-life care and attitudes toward dying with dignity were not affected by COVID-19 anxiety.
Evidence of Validity Does not Rule out Systematic Bias: A Commentary on Nomological Noise and Cross-Cultural Invariance
Authors: Fischer Ronald , Karl Johannes Alfons , Fontaine Johnny R. J. , Poortinga Ype H.
Published: April 2022

We comment on the argument by Welzel, Brunkert, Kruse and Inglehart (2021) that theoretically expected associations in nomological networks should take priority over invariance tests in cross-national research. We agree that narrow application of individual tools, such as multi-group confirmatory factor analysis with data that violates the assumptions of these techniques, can be misleading. However, findings that fit expectations of nomological networks may not be free of bias. We present supporting evidence of systematic bias affecting nomological network relationships from a) previous research on intelligence and response styles, b) two simulation studies, and c) data on the choice index from the World Value Survey (WVS). Our main point is that nomological network analysis by itself is insufficient to rule out systematic bias in data. We point out how a thoughtful exploration of sources of biases in cross-national data can contribute to stronger theory development.
Categorizing a Face and Facing a Category: The Constructive Impacts of Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Racial Categorization
Authors: Levy Aharon , Nguyen Christine , Slepian Michael L. , Gaither Sarah , Pauker Kristin , Dovidio John F.
Published: April 2022

The past generation has seen a dramatic rise in multiracial populations and a consequent increase in exposure to individuals who challenge monolithic racial categories. We examine and compare two potential outcomes of the multiracial population growth that may impact people’s racial categorization experience: (a) exposure to racially ambiguous faces that visually challenge the existing categories, and (b) a category that conceptually challenges existing categories (including “biracial” as an option in addition to the monolithic “Black” and “White” categories). Across four studies ( N = 1,810), we found that multiple exposures to faces that are racially ambiguous directly lower essentialist views of race. Moreover, we found that when people consider a category that blurs the line between racial categories (i.e., “biracial”), they become less certain in their racial categorization, which is associated with less race essentialism, as well. Importantly, we found that these two effects happen independently from one another and represent two distinct cognitive processes.
Vicarious Discrimination, Psychosocial Resources, and Mental Health among Black Americans
Authors: Louie Patricia , Upenieks Laura
Published: April 2022

Does hearing about or witnessing someone else experience discrimination harm individuals’ mental health? Using data from the Nashville Stress and Health Study, we answer this question by examining how vicarious discrimination impacts depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and anger among black Americans. We also test whether mastery and self-esteem moderate the association between vicarious discrimination and each mental health outcome. Findings indicate experiencing vicarious discrimination via a family member has a similar impact on mental health to personally experiencing discrimination. While experiencing vicarious discrimination via a close friend also increased mental health problems, it appeared to be less harmful than personally experiencing discrimination. Moreover, self-esteem moderated the association between vicarious discrimination via a family member and via a close friend and mental health, while mastery did not. This study provides new insights into ways vicarious discrimination impacts health as well as the role that psychosocial resources play in shaping this relationship.