bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substituent effects on the stability, physicochemical properties and chemical reactivity of nitroimidazole derivatives with potential antiparasitic effect: a computational study
Authors: Campos-Fernández Linda , Barrientos-Salcedo Carolina , Herrera Valencia Edtson E. , Ortiz-Muñiz Rocío , Soriano-Correa Catalina
Published: June 2019

Neglected tropical diseases caused by parasitic pathogens have caused an increase in research interest in drug discovery.
Reproducible mesoporous silica-coated gold@silver nanoprobes for the bright colorimetric sensing of ascorbic acid
Authors: Chen Ling , Lin Meng , Yang Ping
Published: June 2019

Herein, a colorimetric approach for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA) was developed by controlling the surface chemistry of silica-coated gold nanorod@silver nanoparticles (AuNR@Ag@mSiO2).
The N-alkylation of sulfonamides with alcohols in water catalyzed by a water-soluble metal–ligand bifunctional iridium complex [Cp*Ir(biimH2)(H2O)][OTf]2
Authors: Ai Yao , Liu Pengcheng , Liang Ran , Liu Yan , Li Feng
Published: June 2019

A water-soluble dinuclear Cp*Ir complex bearing 4,4′,6,6′-tetrahydroxy-2,2′-bipyrimidine as a bridging ligand was found to be a highly effective catalyst for the N-alkylation of ketones with alcohols in water.
Time-resolved impurity-invisibility in graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Tuovinen Riku , Sentef Michael A. , Gomes da Rocha Claudia , Ferreira Mauro S.
Published: June 2019

We investigate time-resolved charge transport through graphene nanoribbons supplemented with adsorbed impurity atoms.
Ultrafast, scalable laser photothermal synthesis and writing of uniformly dispersed metal nanoclusters in polymer films
Authors: Ghildiyal Pankaj , Yang Yong , Kline Dylan J. , Holdren Scott , Zachariah Michael R.
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a fast CO2 laser synthesis and writing technique – laser photothermal synthesis and writing (LPSW) – to generate and write a high concentration of unaggregated, spherical sub-10 nm metal nanoparticles (sMNPs).
Efficient oxygen reduction on sandwich-like metal@N–C composites with ultrafine Fe nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon nanotubes grafted on graphene sheets
Authors: Han Xiao , Zheng Zhiping , Chen Jiayu , Xue Yakun , Li Huiqi , Zheng Jun , Xie Zhaoxiong , Kuang Qin , Zheng Lansun
Published: June 2019

Sandwich-like metal@N–C composites with ultrafine Fe nanoparticles embedded in N-CNTs grafted on graphene sheets are designedly synthesized as ORR electrocatalysts.
Monolayer triphosphates MP3 (M = Sn, Ge) with excellent basal catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Hong-Hui , Huang He , Zhong Jie , Yu Song , Zhang Qiaobao , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: June 2019

The desirable properties of 2D GeP3 and SnP3 for catalyzing HER with nearly zero Gibbs free energy render both 2D materials as potential candidates for future application in electrocatalysis.
Trapping of sub-100 nm nanoparticles using gigahertz acoustofluidic tweezers for biosensing applications
Authors: Cui Weiwei , Mu Luye , Duan Xuexin , Pang Wei , Reed Mark A.
Published: June 2019

In this study, we present a nanoscale acoustofluidic trap (AFT) that enables a simple, no-wash, and practical approach for biosensing applications.
One-step preparation of multifunctional alginate microspheres loaded with in situ-formed gold nanostars as a photothermal agent
Authors: Hou Fangli , Zhu Yanhong , Zou Qian , Zhang Chun , Wang Hong , Liao Yonggui , Wang Qin , Yang Xiangliang , Yang Yajiang
Published: June 2019

Alginate microspheres with encapsulated gold nanostars integrating chemoembolization and NIR-induced hyperthermia have been prepared via a feasible method.
Reductive coupling of alkenes with unsaturated imines via a radical pathway
Authors: Qi Jifeng , Tang Haibin , Chen Changwei , Cui Sunliang , Xu Gang
Published: June 2019

A reductive coupling of alkenes with unsaturated imines via a radical pathway is described.
Hypercoordinate iodine for catalytic asymmetric diamination of styrene: insights into the mechanism, role of solvent, and stereoinduction
Authors: Sreenithya A. , Hadad Christopher M. , Sunoj Raghavan B.
Published: June 2019

Stereoselectivity in the asymmetric diamination of styrene catalyzed by chiral hypercoordinate iodine originates from the prochiral face recognition when the substrate binds to the catalyst.
Asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger oxidation: classical and parallel kinetic resolution of 3-substituted cyclohexanones and desymmetrization of meso-disubstituted cycloketones
Authors: Wu Wangbin , Cao Weidi , Hu Linfeng , Su Zhishan , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: June 2019

Classical kinetic resolution, parallel kinetic resolution and desymmetrization were achieved by asymmetric BV oxidation of 3-substituted and meso-disubstituted cycloketones.
A spectral survey of an ultra-hot Jupiter
Authors: Hoeijmakers H. J. , Ehrenreich D. , Kitzmann D. , Allart R. , Grimm S. L. , Seidel J. V. , Wyttenbach A. , Pino L. , Nielsen L. D. , Fisher C. , Rimmer P. B. , Bourrier V. , Cegla H. M. , Lavie B. , Lovis C. , Patzer A. B. C. , Stock J. W. , Pepe F. A. , Heng Kevin
Published: June 2019

Context. KELT-9 b exemplifies a newly emerging class of short-period gaseous exoplanets that tend to orbit hot, early type stars – termed ultra-hot Jupiters. The severe stellar irradiation heats their atmospheres to temperatures of ~4000 K, similar to temperatures of photospheres of dwarf stars. Due to the absence of aerosols and complex molecular chemistry at such temperatures, these planets offer the potential of detailed chemical characterization through transit and day-side spectroscopy. Detailed studies of their chemical inventories may provide crucial constraints on their formation process(es) and evolution history.

Aims. We aim to search the optical transmission spectrum of KELT-9 b for absorption lines by metals using the cross-correlation technique.

Methods. We analysed two transit observations obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph. We used an isothermal equilibrium chemistry model to predict the transmission spectrum for each of the neutral and singly ionized atoms with atomic numbers between three and 78. Of these, we identified the elements that are expected to have spectral lines in the visible wavelength range and used those as cross-correlation templates.

Results. We detect (>5σ) absorption by Na I, Cr II, Sc II and Y II, and confirm previous detections of Mg I, Fe I, Fe II, and Ti II. In addition, we find evidence of Ca I, Cr I, Co I, and Sr II that will require further observations to verify. The detected absorption lines are significantly deeper than predicted by our model, suggesting that the material is transported to higher altitudes where the density is enhanced compared to a hydrostatic profile, and that the material is part of an extended or outflowing envelope. There appears to be no significant blue-shift of the absorption spectrum due to a net day-to-night side wind. In particular, the strong Fe II feature is shifted by 0.18 ± 0.27 km s−1, consistent with zero. Using the orbital velocity of the planet we derive revised masses and radii of the star and the planet: M* = 1.978 ± 0.023 M⊙, R* = 2.178 ± 0.011 R⊙, mp = 2.44 ± 0.70 MJ and Rp = 1.783 ± 0.009 RJ.
The analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils deriving from areas of various development
Authors: Badowska Ewa , Bandzierz Dawid
Published: June 2019

The petroleum pollutants are one of the basic soil contaminants. This is due to the widespread use of petroleum products. Crude oil and its derivatives appear in the environment mainly during their storage and transport. In the research, 16 soil samples from different places were collected and analysed. The selected locations were divided into agricultural, service, recreational, residential and industrial use. The petroleum hydrocarbons were determined, in the range from C10 to C40, according to the standard PN-EN ISO 16703 [1] by means of gas chromatography. The determined results were mostly above the limited values [2] resulting from matching the soil to the group to which the specific area belongs.
Increasing the efficiency of split type air conditioners/heat pumps by using ventilating exhaust air
Authors: Cepiński Wojciech , Szałański Paweł
Published: June 2019

The article presents the possibility of using exhaust air from ventilation system to increase the efficiency (SCOP, COP, SEER and EER) of commonly used air conditioners with the function of a heat pump. These types of devices are very popular both in residential and in public buildings. The topic discussed in the article is very important, because the widespread increase of the energy efficiency of these devices significantly influences national electricity consumption. The possibility of increasing their efficiency by directing the exhaust air from the ventilation system to the heat exchanger of the air conditioner outdoor unit has been analysed. It has been shown that the use of the simple design solution described in the article allows for a significant increase of the efficiency of these devices (seasonal efficiency even up to 35% at 100% share of exhaust air), reducing the energy consumption and increasing their capacity and operation range. By increasing the share of exhaust air it is possible to ensure year-round operation of the device and even 100% coverage of heat demand.
Daily variability of air pollution in locations of different population density
Authors: Cichowicz Robert , Stelęgowski Artur
Published: June 2019

The air quality levels vary during a day, especially in inhabited areas. Therefore, it seems reasonable to observe and analyze the occurrence of daily maximum and minimum level of air pollution. In this article, data obtained from automatic air quality monitoring stations located in 5 large, 5 small and medium cities and 5 villages in Poland was analyzed in 2012−2016. Those locations vary, inter alia, depending on number of inhabitants and population density, and for this reason also due to the presence of air contaminants. As an indicator of daily variability air pollution it was determined the ratio of maximum to minimum concentrations of selected air pollutants (NO2 and NOx, and O3, SO2, CO, PM10 and PM2.5, and benzene) in urban and agricultural areas. In winter, the daily changes were bigger in cities than in villages. While in summer, the level of daily variability was similar, irrespective of size of the settlement unit. The biggest daily changes concerned nitrogen oxides, the lowest − sulfur dioxide and dusts.
Experimental investigation of thermoelectric cooling system with heat recovery
Authors: Gołębiowska Justyna , Żelazna Agnieszka
Published: June 2019

Thermoelectric modules are implements used as power generators and cooling devices. In case of TE module application for space cooling, it is highly recommended to reuse energy generated on the hot side of the module for example for domestic water heating. In this paper, an example of a small scale thermoelectric cooling system with heat recovery was presented. In the tested system, the performance of TE module was supported by two heat exchangers. On the cold side of the TE module the forced convection was provided by the implementation of aluminium heat sink integrated with fan. On the hot side a water heat exchanger was built in order to reuse waste energy to heat water in the water tank. Different values of current were applied to the TE module to observe the differences in the module performance. The correlation between the air temperature inside the experimental room and the water temperature in the tank were determined for all conducted series. In general, the best cooling effects were achieved when the water temperature in the tank was not higher than 26.4°C. The maximum reduction of temperature inside the experimental room was noted for the amperage 7 A and it was 11.7°C.
Odour nuisance assessment of the food industry wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Grzelka Agnieszka , Romanik Elżbieta , Miller Urszula
Published: June 2019

Odour nuisance generated by food industry objects is a significant problem, the result of which is often numerous complaints from local residents about the quality of air. Apart from the production process, this problem often concerns industrial wastewater treatment processes, which contribute to a large extent to the emissions of odorants from the sulphur group, including hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans. In order to estimate the odorous air quality around these types of objects, the modelling of dispersion of pollutants: odours or odorants is often used. The paper presents the results of tests on odour emission as well as hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans emission as compounds typical for waste gases from the sewage treatment process from the food industry. In order to estimate the range of odour impact, model calculations using the Polish reference model for the aforementioned substances were made. The values of annual average concentrations and frequency of odour detection thresholds for odorants and odour concentration of 1 ouE/m3 for odours as a mixture in a computational grid of 1400 m x 1400 m with a step of 50 m were calculated. The results showed the highest range of odour impact of mercaptans, whose value of the average annual concentration exceeded the odour detection threshold up to 700 m in the east and west direction from the emission source.
Experiment design to investigate the possibility of using grey water in aeroponic cultivation of various crops for future long-term space missions
Authors: Jurga Anna , Kuźma Joanna , Janiak Kamil , Niederwieser Tobias
Published: June 2019

One of the crucial steps in the development of self-sufficient extra-terrestrial human colonies is water and biomass management. One of the attempts to simplify the treatment scheme is to directly implement greywater into soil-less cultivation as no greywater treatment unit would be necessary. In this case, the most essential key factor is the influence of surfactants. In this paper, an analysis of various experiment designs is investigated and shown. While full factorial design of experiment would require more than 500 000 tests, with duration of at least 30 days each, an approach to reduce this number to a total of 5 experiments is shown in this paper for initial experiments.
The influence of pipe diameter selection on operating costs of heating installation in the context of the anticipated increase in electricity prices
Authors: Knapik Maciej
Published: June 2019

The article presents an analysis of the influence of selection a pipe diameter on the operating costs of a heating installation in the context of the expected increase in electricity charges required to motive the main circulation pump of the installation. As a result of a combination of several factors affecting the Polish energy sector based on coal, energy price increases seem inevitable. Polish government’s response to the forecasted increases in charges for electricity is a proposal to introduce subsidies for electricity bills. The article presents the results of the analysis of pipe selection from several standard types, including investment and operating costs, and a comparison of results before and after the increase in electricity charges and including the influence of limescale precipitation on the internal surfaces of pipe walls. The results analyzes show that the increase in charges for electricity affects the selection of the pipe diameter, like the problem of the formation of limescale can significantly reduce the efficiency of the installation and in extreme cases, can lead to a complete stop of installation.
Critical analysis of decay rate measurement methodology
Authors: Kokurewicz Łukasz , Muszyński-Huhajło Mateusz , Miodoński Stanisław , Leoniak Maciej
Published: June 2019

In modeling studies, estimation of microorganisms kinetic parameters set is a key element for proper model operation and predictability. Nitrification process is very often, a crucial element of the wastewater treatment systems as bacteria responsible for ammonium and nitrite oxidation are slow growing microorganisms, making whole nitrification process vulnerable to external factors i.e. temperature, inhibition and load fluctuations. Growth and decay rate of nitrifiers decide about amount nitrifying biomass in the wastewater treatment plants, thus the nitrification efficiency. Paper presents analysis of the decay rate (ba) estimation methodology based on respirometric assays measuring the oxygen uptake rate (OUR). Evaluation of this simple and cheap method was made based on decay estimation tests performed on sludge samples from side-stream partial nitritation reactor treating reject water from digested sludge dewatering. Database obtained from these tests were analyzed to evaluate the impact of respirometric assay duration on calculated decay rate values. 11 time ranges were selected for the performed analysis. Calculated ba values were compared showing the optimal test duration between 5–6 hours, while test shorter than 2 hours resulted in unsatisfactory ba outcome.
Power distribution in multi-motor (AWD) powertrain of electric vehicle
Authors: Kopczyński Artur , Roszczyk Paweł
Published: June 2019

This article presents the results of analysis of power distribution in an electric vehicle independent all-wheel drive. The utilized method of velocity distribution takes into account the change in the motion resistance occurring on particular wheel. Moreover, the method of determining the change of vertical loads on traction wheels is also described. Theoretical considerations were verified on a dedicated laboratory stand that allows to perform real time simulation for analysed powertrain structure. The results of two different scenarios of vehicle driving in curvilinear motion are presented.
Modeling chlorine distribution in water supply system utilizing empirically determined chlorine decay rate
Authors: Musz-Pomorska Anna , Widomski Marcin K. , Matczuk Agnieszka , Sadura Konrad
Published: June 2019

Analysis of free chlorine propagation in water supply network has a significant meaning for the process of water distribution. Results of numerical studies allow the proper selection of disinfectant or suitable monitoring of pipelines endangered by stagnation of water. The first-order reaction of chlorine decay in pipe boundary layer and inside the waterbody is commonly successfully assumed in numerical modeling. The aim of this studies was to analyze transport of chlorine inside the rural water supply system. The calculations were performed with application of Epanet 2.0 with assumed the first-order re action of chlorine decay and empirically determined chlorine decay rate in the mass of waterbody. The periodical disinfection of water in the network with the constant chlorine concentration 0.3 mg·dm-3 introduced during the whole time duration of simulation was assumed to calculations. The obtained results of chlorine distribution showed that even after 4 days there were available pipelines in which concentration of free chlorine was lower than 0.2 mg·dm-3. Thus, the microbiological protection of water quality is unavailable in these pipelines.
Forecasting water consumption in towns of different sizes
Authors: Piasecki Adam , Pilarska Agnieszka , Golba Radosław
Published: June 2019

The aim of the work was to compare water consumption forecasting in two towns of different sizes. The objects of research were the town of Toruń and the town of Żnin in central Poland. Two models were built for each. The models were constructed using the multiple regression method. In constructing the models, explanatory variables determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used. The set of explanatory variables identified to construct each individual model differed. The models for Toruń obtained better forecast quality assessment criteria values. This was mainly due to the water supply system in the small town (Żnin) being less resilient to sudden, short-term changes in consumers’ water use. At the same time, the importance of the location of the meteorological stations from which data was taken to build the model was emphasised.
Constructed wetlands aided with bio-preparation to neutralize wastewater from a small fruit and vegetable processing plant with high load pollutants
Authors: Puchlik Monika
Published: June 2019

The research was carried out for real wastewater collected directly from a fruit and vegetable plant located in north-eastern Poland. Effectiveness of organic matter metabolism expressed as BOD5, COD, total suspended solids depending on the load of pollutants and bio-preparation, was determined. The use of bio-preparation in the constructed wetland allowed to increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment throughout the research period: for BOD5 by 94% in deposit with bio-preparation and by 87% in deposit without the addition of bio-preparation; however, for COD – by 93% in deposit with the addition of bio-preparation and by 87% in deposit without bio-preparation added.
Univariate and multivariate DMS calibration for a single analyte
Authors: Szczurek Andrzej , Maciejewska Monika , Zajiczek Żaneta
Published: June 2019

Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) is a promising measurement technique. It is used in the detection of chemical warfare agents, explosives, drugs, and volatile organic compounds. The measurement principle is based on separation of gas-phase ions according to their differential mobility in alternating low and high electric fields. The DMS measurement result is a two dimensional spectrum of ion current displayed as a function of separation voltage and compensation voltage. The DMS spectral peaks, in terms of their height, location and width, are affected by gas sample composition, separation field and the gas flow rate. In this work, there is presented the calibration procedure which utilises the univariate and multivariate approach to differential ion mobility spectrum. We demonstrated the possibility of a successful retrieval of quantitative information using partial least squares regression as well as univariate linear regression. However, the multivariate approach outperformed the univariate one in terms of the quality of the model and the concentration prediction accuracy.
Attempts to establish a regional probabilistic model of intense rainfall for the Upper and Middle Oder River basin
Authors: Wdowikowski Marcin , Kaźmierczak Bartosz , Ledvinka Ondrej , Jedlička Matěj
Published: June 2019

The main scope of this study was to present the possibility of developing a heavy rainfall regional model, based on a probabilistic approach. Following the methods and conclusions of the scientific and technical work of the research team in the Upper and Middle Oder basin, carried out on rainfall data between 1961 and 2010, it was found that the generalized exponential distribution enables a satisfactory probabilistic description of heavy rainfall, and the results of the models constructed on its basis are obtained in an accessible and not time-consuming way. The regional model presented in the article sufficiently describes the empirical heavy rainfall at eight analyzed meteorological stations, especially in the range of rainfall amounts occurring most frequently from a statistical point of view, i.e. with the p-value from 0.3 to 1.0.
Direct reuse strategies of rare earth permanent magnets for PM electrical machines – an overview study
Authors: Li Ziwei , Kedous-Lebouc Afef , Dubus Jean-Marc , Garbuio Lauric , Personnaz Sophie
Published: June 2019

The global supply of heavy rare earth magnets can become risky with the soaring demand of rare earth permanent magnet (PM) machines. One of the promising solutions is to reuse or recycle permanent magnets from end-of-Life electrical machines. This paper is an overview study of the state-of-the-art permanent magnet reuse and recycling research for electrical machines. Some methodologies for quantifying the recyclability of permanent magnet of electrical machines are also introduced.
More on formal feeling/form-feeling in language sciences. Heinrich Gomperz’s concept of “formal logical feeling”(logisches Formalgefühl)revisited
Authors: Romand David
Published: June 2019

My aim is to revisit the psycholinguistic concept of “formal logical feeling”(logisches Formalgefühl),as it was elaborated by the Austrian philosopher Heinrich Gomperz in the early 20th century. This article is the continuation of some recent studies that have helped to reevaluate the place of “formal feeling” or “form-feeling” in language sciences. By “formal logical feelings”, Gomperz referred to affective processes by which means one apprehends the “form” of language, that is, its morphosyntactic properties. Here I propose a detailed analysis of his conception of the nature, function, origin, and taxonomy of this category of feelings, while placing his developments in their intellectual context and in a genealogical perspective.
Thermal mechanical characterization of copolyester for additive manufacturing using FDM
Authors: Abouzaid Khaoula , Guessasma Sofiane , Belhabib Sofiane , Bassir David , Chouaf Abdelkrim
Published: June 2019

The main purpose of this study is to highlight the thermal and mechanical characterization of printed copolyester-based polymer. The variety of benefits of this material, such as its food contact compliance and important mechanical properties, have proved to be effective in huge field of applications, including medical sector and packaging uses. However, it has not received much attention for 3D printing processes. As the printing temperature is a key parameter of fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, the present study is started by analyzing its effect on the mechanical properties of printed copolyester under tensile loading. Indeed, the determination of temperature optimal values to print this material with FDM process is done based on tensile properties, including tensile strength, Young's modulus, ultimate tensile and yield strength, ductility and fracture toughness. The fracture properties of printed copolyester are also discussed using “scanning electron microscopy” (SEM). The results indicate a strong effect of the extrusion temperature on tensile properties. In addition, the analysis of copolyester sample microstructure reveals several damage mechanisms within the printed parts that reflect different types of wires fracture form subjected to the same tensile loading.
Frequency of and Risk Factors for Chronification in Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma following Conservative Therapy
Authors: Kaestner Stefanie , van den Boom Marina , Deinsberger Wolfgang
Published: June 2019

Background In an aging society, traumatic head injuries, such as acute subdural hematomas (aSDHs), are increasingly common because the elderly are prone to falls and are often undergoing anticoagulation treatment. Especially in advanced age, cranial surgery such as craniotomies may put patients in further jeopardy. But if treatment is conservative, a chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) may develop, requiring surgical evacuation. Existing studies have reported a correlation between several risk factors contributing to the frequency of chronification. To improve the prediction of the course of disease and to aid counseling patients and relatives, this study aimed to determine the frequency and the main risk factors influencing the process of chronification of an aSDH following conservative treatment.

Methods We identified patients presenting between January 2012 and September 2017 at our neurosurgical department with an aSDH. All patients treated conservatively were selected retrospectively, and the following parameters were documented: age, sex, chronification status, Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission and discharge, hematoma thickness and density, the degree of midline shift (MLS), prior anticoagulants and administration of procoagulants, thrombosis management, other coagulopathies, initial length of hospital stay, interval between discharge and readmission, and interval between initial injury and date of surgery and last follow-up. The cohort was divided into patients with complete resolution of their aSDH, and patients who needed surgery due to chronification.

Results A total of 75 conservatively treated patients with aSDH were included. A chronification was observed in 24 cases (32%). The process of chronification takes an average of 18 days (range: 10–98 days). The following factors were significantly associated with the process of chronification: age (p = 0.001), anticoagulant medication (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA], Coumadin, and novel anticoagulants [NOACs]) before injury (p = 0.026), administration of procoagulants (p = 0.001), presence of other coagulopathies such as thrombocytopenia (p = 0.002), low hematoma density at discharge (p = 0.001), hematoma thickness on admission and discharge (p = 0.001), and the degree of MLS (p = 0.044).

Conclusion Chronification occurred in a third of all patients with conservatively treated aSDH, on average within 3 weeks. The probability of developing a cSDH is 0.96 times higher with every yearly increase in age, resulting in 56% chronification in patients ≥ 70 years. Hematoma thickness and impairment of the coagulation system such as anticoagulant medication (ASA, Coumadin, and NOACs) or thrombocytopenia are further risk factors for chronification.
Anatomía Aplicada a La Cirugía de Los Tendones Extensores
Authors: Morro-Martí M.R. , Llusá-Pérez M. , Forcada-Calvet P. , Carrera A. , Mustafa-Gondolbeu A.
Published: June 2019

La anatomía de los tendones extensores de los dedos es muy variable en el dorso de la mano y la formación del aparato extensor en los dedos, junto con la musculatura intrínseca de la mano, es muy compleja. Su conocimiento preciso es imprescindible para la comprensión de la fisiopatología de las lesiones de esas estructuras y su tratamiento. Además, se tratan de lesiones muy frecuentes debido a su localización subcutánea en todo su recorrido, pero especialmente en los dedos.

En el dorso de la muñeca, los tendones extensores se distribuyen en seis correderas osteofibrosas muy bien delimitadas.

En los dedos, los tendones extensores extrínsecos se unen con la musculatura intrínseca de la mano (músculos interóseos y lumbricales), para formar el complejo aparato extensor. Sus componentes principales son la bandeleta central encargada de la extensión IFP y las bandeletas laterales que se acaban uniendo formando en tendón terminal responsable de la extensión IFD. Además, se encuentran unas fibras de conexión en las articulaciones MCF e IFP, las bandeletas sagitales y los ligamentos retinaculares transversos respectivamente, que unen el aparato extensor a la cara anterior del dedo manteniéndolo en eje sobre la cara convexa de las articulaciones.
Stratification of drying particle suspensions: Comparison of implicit and explicit solvent simulations
Authors: Tang Yanfei , Grest Gary S. , Cheng Shengfeng
Published: June 2019

Large scale molecular dynamics simulations are used to study drying suspensions of a binary mixture of large and small particles in explicit and implicit solvents. The solvent is first modeled explicitly and then mapped to a uniform viscous medium by matching the diffusion coefficients and the pair correlation functions of the particles. “Small-on-top” stratification of the particles, with an enrichment of the smaller ones at the receding liquid-vapor interface during drying, is observed in both models under the same drying conditions. With the implicit solvent model, we are able to model much thicker films and study the effect of the initial film thickness on the final distribution of particles in the dry film. Our results show that the degree of stratification is controlled by the Péclet number defined using the initial film thickness as the characteristic length scale. When the Péclet numbers of large and small particles are much larger than 1, the degree of “small-on-top” stratification is first enhanced and then weakens as the Péclet numbers are increased.
Phonon scattering at the interfaces of epitaxially grown Fe2VAl/W and Fe2VAl/Mo superlattices
Authors: Hiroi Satoshi , Nishino Shunsuke , Choi Seongho , Seo Okkyun , Kim Jaemyung , Chen Yanna , Song Chulho , Tayal Akhil , Sakata Osami , Takeuchi Tsunehiro
Published: June 2019

We investigated the cross-plane thermal conductivity and boundary thermal resistance of epitaxially grown superlattice samples. These included iron vanadium aluminum alloy (Fe2VAl) and tungsten (W) or molybdenum (Mo) prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. We used out-of-plane X-ray diffraction measurements to confirm the epitaxial growth of the superlattices. The superlattice with the shortest period of 1.9 nm showed satellite reflections indicating a highly ordered structure. Misfit dislocations in the 2-nm-thick Mo layer were also identified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We attribute these features to the large lattice mismatch between the Fe2VAl and Mo lattices. The cross-plane thermal conductivity of the superlattice decreased as the number of interfaces increased because of thermal resistance at interlayer boundaries. A simulation of the thermal conductivity by the constant boundary resistance model reproduced the experimental data but with some deviations for samples with a smaller period (less than 20 nm). This deviation from the simulation results indicates that the phonon modes contributing to the thermal transport changed and/or the phonon scattering probability at the interfaces decreased. The superlattice of Fe2VAl/W with a period thickness greater than 20 nm had a boundary thermal resistance approximately twice as large as that of the Fe2VAl/Mo superlattice. This result provides clear evidence for the effects of the mass difference of layers on phonon scattering at an interface.
Reversibly controlled magnetic domains of Co film via electric field driven oxygen migration at nanoscale
Authors: Dhanapal Pravarthana , Zhang Tuo , Wang Baomin , Yang Huali , Xuan Haicheng , Bi Chong , Wang Weigang , Li Run-Wei
Published: June 2019

Electric field control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) can enable low power consumption for perpendicular magnetic random access memory devices. However, the tuning of PMA by the electric field in ferromagnetic metal thin films is less efficient and limited to the interface due to the screening effect. Alternatively, the magnetoionic effect can control PMA efficiently, which utilizes ion migrations over the surface of the ferromagnetic metal by interfacing it with the charge reservoir of oxygen ions like GdOx. In this paper, we report the reversibly controlled magnetic domains of PMA Co in the Pt/Co/GdOx trilayer via the electric field at the nanoscale using conductive atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The magnetic domain phase values determined by MFM decrease and increase when negative and positive bias voltages of magnitude 4 V are applied to the surface of GdOx, respectively. These results suggest a path toward control of PMA materials at the nanoscale by the electric field for information storage devices.
Impact of ELM control techniques on tungsten sputtering in the DIII-D divertor and extrapolations to ITER
Authors: Abrams T. , Unterberg E. A. , Rudakov D. L. , Leonard A. W. , Schmitz O. , Shiraki D. , Baylor L. R. , Stangeby P. C. , Thomas D. M. , Wang H. Q.
Published: June 2019

The free-streaming plus recycling model (FSRM) has recently been developed to understand and predict tungsten gross erosion rates from the divertor during edge localized modes (ELMs). In this work, the FSRM was tested against the experimental measurements of W sputtering during ELMs, conducted via fast neutral tungsten (WI) spectroscopy. Good agreement is observed using a variety of controlling techniques, including gas puffing, neutral beam heating, and plasma shaping to modify the pedestal stability boundary and, thus, the ELM behavior. ELM mitigation by pellet pacing was observed to strongly reduce W sputtering by flushing C impurities from the pedestal and reducing the divertor target electron temperature. No reduction of W sputtering was observed during the application of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs), in contrast to the prediction of the FSRM. Potential sources of this discrepancy are discussed. Finally, the framework of the FSRM is utilized to predict intra-ELM W sputtering rates in ITER. It is concluded that W erosion during ELMs in ITER will be caused mainly by free-streaming fuel ions, but free-streaming seeded impurities (N or Ne) may increase the erosion rate significantly if present in the pedestal at even the 1% level. Impurity recycling is not expected to cause significant W erosion in ITER due to the very low target electron temperature.
Phenomenological model for mixed multiphoton absorption in bialkali photocathode and application to ultrafast pulse characterization
Authors: Li Z. Y. , Zhan X. K. , Wang S. C. , Wang B. C. , Bao Y. S. , Wang H. Y.
Published: June 2019

We propose a phenomenological model composed of concise formulas to describe mixed multiphoton absorption (MPA), revealing its quasi-exponent-function in relation to intensity, complicated spectral features, and polarization dependence, and then demonstrate it perfectly by experiments on a bialkali-cathode photomultiplier-tube (PMT) single-photon detector. The dichroism parameter is obtained based on polarization dependent visibility. Accomplishing MPA-based autocorrelation, we manifest that the peak-to-baseline contrast ratio is determined by the mixture exponent. After extracting the pure two-photon absorption, we obtain the ultrafast pulse width which agrees well with that of the standard autocorrelator. Furthermore, we put forward the mutual-correlation scheme and acquire accurately the time jitter of a femtosecond-pulse train. Our results pave the way for analyzing high-order complex MPAs and characterization of ultrafast pulses with super accuracy by a widely used bialkali PMT.
Low working temperature near liquid helium boiling point of RNiAl2 (R = Tm, Tb and Gd) compounds with large magnetocaloric effect
Authors: Xu J. W. , Zheng X. Q. , Yang S. X. , Shao S. H. , Liu J. Q. , Zhang J. Y. , Wang S. G. , Xu Z. Y. , Wang L. C. , Zhang S. , Zhang Z. Q. , Shen B. G.
Published: June 2019

A polycrystalline TmNiAl2 compound with transition temperature near the liquid helium boiling point was successfully synthesized. Magnetic measurements show that FM (ferromagnetic) to FM and FM to PM (paramagnetic) transitions take place at 2.4 K and 4.0 K, respectively. Magnetic entropy change (–ΔSM) is calculated, and its maximal value [(–ΔSM)max] reaches as high as 20.7 J/kg K with the field change of 0–5 T. The low transition temperature together with large (–ΔSM)max at the liquid helium temperature zone originates from the weak spin-spin exchange interaction between Tm atoms. For a clear comparison, the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of polycrystalline RNiAl2 (R = Tb and Gd) samples was also prepared and investigated. For the TbNiAl2 compound, FIM (ferrimagnetic) to AFM (antiferromagnetic) and AFM to PM transitions occur at 11.0 K and 21.5 K, respectively. As for the GdNiAl2 compound, an FM to PM transition occurs at 30.5 K. The value of (–ΔSM)max under the field change of 0–5 T is calculated to be 11.8 J/kg K and 17.3 J/kg K for TbNiAl2 and GdNiAl2, respectively. Compared with other RNiAl2-series MCE materials, TmNiAl2 exhibits the lowest working temperature and relatively larger (–ΔSM)max. The large MCE at low temperature indicates that TmNiAl2 is competitive among the MCE materials working at a liquid helium temperature zone.
Sequential product spaces are Jordan algebras
Authors: van de Wetering John
Published: June 2019

We show that finite-dimensional order unit spaces equipped with a continuous sequential product as defined by Gudder and Greechie are homogeneous and self-dual. As a consequence of the Koecher-Vinberg theorem, these spaces therefore correspond to Euclidean Jordan algebras. We remark on the significance of this result in the context of reconstructions of quantum theory. In particular, we show that sequential product spaces must be C*-algebras when their vector space tensor product is also a sequential product space (in the parlance of operational theories, when the space “allows a local composite”). We also show that sequential product spaces in infinite dimension correspond to JB-algebras when a few additional conditions are satisfied. Finally, we remark on how changing the axioms of the sequential product might lead to a new characterization of homogeneous cones.
A portable ultrawideband electromagnetic radiator with a 1.4 MW/50 kHz solid-state subnanosecond pulser
Authors: Gao Ming-xiang , Xie Yan-zhao , Wang Shao-fei , Qiu Yang-xin , Li Ke-jie , Wang Si-qi , Lai Yu-chen
Published: June 2019

In this note, a portable ultrawideband (UWB) electromagnetic radiator is developed based on a transistorized pulser with the peak power of 1.4 MW, the rise time less than 150 ps, and the repetition frequency of 50 kHz. To generate high-amplitude pulses, a 100-stage Marx circuit with parallel connection of multiple transistors is proposed. To improve the pulse repetition rate, the parallel charging Marx circuit is adopted with ferrite beads connected in series between stages for high isolation of pulses. In order to radiate the UWB electromagnetic pulse directionally, a compact combined antenna array is fabricated and connected with the pulser via a coaxial feeding module. The effective potential of the UWB radiator reaches 10.5 kV with the band range (−10 dB) from 173 MHz to 2.32 GHz.
Field emission spectroscopy measurements of graphene/n-type diamond heterojunction
Authors: Yamada Takatoshi , Masuzawa Tomoaki , Mimura Hidenori , Okano Ken
Published: June 2019

In this study, a graphene/n-type diamond heterojunction was fabricated by a wet-transfer process on hydrogen-terminated heavily phosphorus-doped diamond. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and field-emission electron spectroscopy were conducted to study the band structure of the graphene/n-type diamond heterojunction and its field emission mechanism. UPS suggests that an internal barrier is formed in the diamond by upward band bending near the graphene–diamond interface. The work function of graphene is estimated to be 3.72 eV. Field emission occurs from the Fermi level of graphene at low voltages, and then electron emission from the valence band of diamond starts at increased voltages. The results indicate that electron emission limited by surface termination changes to graphene-oriented emission following the formation of the heterojunction.
A quartz amplifier for high-sensitivity Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance measurements with trapped ions
Authors: Lohse S. , Berrocal J. , Block M. , Chenmarev S. , Cornejo J. M. , Ramírez J. G. , Rodríguez D.
Published: June 2019

Single-ion sensitivity is obtained in precision Penning-trap experiments devoted to light (anti)particles or ions with low mass-to-charge ratios, by adding an inductance coil to an amplifier connected to the trap, both operated at 4 K. However, single-ion sensitivity has not been reached on heavy singly or doubly charged ions. In this publication, we present a new system to reach this point, based on the use of a quartz crystal as an inductance, together with a newly developed broad-band (BB) amplifier. We detect the reduced-cyclotron frequency of 40Ca+ ions stored in a 7-tesla open-ring Penning trap. By comparing the detected electric signal obtained with the BB amplifier and the fluorescence signal obtained by collecting the photons emitted by a trapped ion cloud, we show a detection limit below 110 ions. Adding the crystal, the electrical signal increases by a factor of about 30 at room temperature, which combined with the measured equivalent resistance and voltage noise, proves the feasibility of the system to reach single-ion sensitivity at 4 K.
Aggregation rate of amyloid beta peptide is controlled by beta-content in monomeric state
Authors: Thu Tran Thi Minh , Co Nguyen Truong , Tu Ly Anh , Li Mai Suan
Published: June 2019

Understanding the key factors that govern the rate of protein aggregation is of immense interest since protein aggregation is associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous experimental and theoretical studies have revealed that the hydrophobicity, charge, and population of the fibril-prone monomeric state control the fibril formation rate. Because the fibril structures consist of cross beta sheets, it is widely believed that those sequences that have a high beta content (β) in the monomeric state should have high aggregation rates as the monomer can serve as a template for fibril growth. However, this important fact has never been explicitly proven, motivating us to carry out this study. Using replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation with implicit water, we have computed β of 19 mutations of amyloid beta peptide of 42 residues (Aβ42) for which the aggregation rate κ has been measured experimentally. We have found that κ depends on β in such a way that the higher the propensity to aggregation, the higher the beta content in the monomeric state. Thus, we have solved a long-standing problem of the dependence of fibril formation time of the β-structure on a quantitative level.
Thermodynamic analysis of the stability of planar interfaces between coexisting phases and its application to supercooled water
Authors: Singh Rakesh S. , Palmer Jeremy C. , Panagiotopoulos Athanassios Z. , Debenedetti Pablo G.
Published: June 2019

Two-phase simulations are commonly used to evaluate coexistence conditions, interfacial tensions, and other thermodynamic properties associated with first-order phase transitions. Calculation of these properties is often simplified when the interfaces between the two phases are flat or planar. Here, we derive a general thermodynamic criterion for selecting simulation cell dimensions to stabilize planar interfaces in phase-separated fluid-fluid systems with respect to homogeneous, single-phase states. The resulting expression is validated by analyzing the effects of simulation cell dimensions on the formation of planar liquid-vapor interfaces in the Lennard-Jones fluid and in the TIP4P/2005 model of water. We also perform large scale molecular dynamics simulations to study metastable liquid-liquid phase separation in the ST2 and TIP4P/2005 models of water under deeply supercooled conditions. Our simulations confirm the stability of a liquid-liquid interface in ST2, and they demonstrate that the corresponding interface for TIP4P/2005 can be stabilized by judiciously choosing the simulation cell aspect ratio in a manner consistent with the thermodynamic criterion. We posit that this sensitivity to the simulation cell aspect ratio may explain discrepancies between previous studies examining liquid-liquid separation in models of supercooled water.
The effect of soft repulsive interactions on the diffusion of particles in quasi-one-dimensional channels: A hopping time approach
Authors: Ahmadi Sheida , Schmidt Marina , Spiteri Raymond J. , Bowles Richard K.
Published: June 2019

Fluids confined to quasi-one-dimensional channels exhibit a dynamic crossover from single file diffusion to normal diffusion as the channel becomes wide enough for particles to hop past each other. In the crossover regime, where hopping events are rare, the diffusion coefficient in the long time limit can be related to a hopping time that measures the average time it takes for a particle to escape the local cage formed by its neighbors. In this work, we show that a transition state theory (TST) that calculates the free energy barrier for two particles attempting to pass each other in the small system isobaric ensemble is able to quantitatively predict the hopping time in a system of two-dimensional soft repulsive disks [U(rij)=(σ/rij)α] confined to a hard walled channel over a range of channel radii and degrees of particle softness measured in terms of 1/α. The free energy barrier exhibits a maximum at intermediate values of α that moves to smaller values of 1/α (harder particles) as the channel becomes narrower. However, the presence of the maximum is only observed in the hopping times for wide channels because the interaction potential dependence of the kinetic prefactor plays an increasingly important role for narrower channels. We also begin to explore how our TST approach can be used to optimize and control dynamics in confined quasi-one-dimensional fluids.