bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Essence of Stone: Making Axes during the Late Mesolithic in Södertörn in East Central Sweden
Authors: Ahlbeck Mattias , Gill Alexander
Published: June 2021

Greenstone axes produced during the Late Mesolithic in east central Sweden are notoriously dissimilar. Each axe appears to have been given its own special charac- teristics. These axes were not made into a certain shape by following a technological template. In this article, the authors present the interpretation that people believed the form of an axe was already present in the stone se- lected for work. Making axes was about releasing es- sential forms from stones. The essence of stone effec- tively determined the appearance the axe was destined to have. This is the reason that axes in the region have such variable appearances.
From Vínland to Jerusalem in the Beatus Galaxy: The Impact of Maps on the European Mentality in the 11th Century
Authors: Gren Leif
Published: June 2021

From c. 500 to 1000 AD the Atlantic Ocean was ex- plored further and further to the west, all the way to Vínland. But why did the Norse expansion lose en- ergy in the 11th century at the same time as European attention was directed to Jerusalem? The explana- tion given in this article is that the tipping point was a shift from a world view based on “horizontal see- ing” through a network of places to a “vertical see- ing” through maps.
On Elks and Places that Gather: Emplacing North Swedish Rock Paintings
Authors: Sjöstrand Ylva
Published: June 2021

This paper argues for the importance of empha- sizing emplacedness in studies of Fennoscandian rock art. Drawing on a discriminating analysis of three red ochre paintings from Neolithic northern Sweden, it is shown that stylistically comparable panels were created and used through divergent practices connected to their respective spatial con- text. This result raises questions about the episte- mological legitimacy of conceptualizing rock art sites as instantiations of one coherent phenome- non: a problem that is tackled by applying the Berg- sonian approach towards the relation between dif- ference and repetition. By putting forward the idea of particularity as constitutive for, rather than op- posed to, generality, it is argued that the semiotic flexibility of the elk motif can be seen as an reflec- tion of the force that simultaneously gathers and distinguishes the separate rock art sites across the region of Norrland.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Budaya Organisasi aan Pelatihan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Rumah Sakit Pondok Indah
Authors: Khotimah Enny
Published: June 2021

This study examines the effect of leadership style, organizational culture and training on employee performance at Pondok Indah Hospital. The study was conducted at Pondok Indah Hospital in South Jakarta.    The population of this research is in the Division of Hospitality Employee Services Department and Laboratory at Pondok Indah Hospital. The study population numbered is 140 people. While the study sample as many as 104 people. This study uses Proportional random sampling method and data used in this study is primary data in the form of a questionnaire. The test results showed that the Leadership Style, Organizational Culture and Training is a variable determinant of employee performance.    Partially Leadership Style does not affect the performance of employees, organizational culture does not affect the performance of employee, training a strong influence on employee performance.    Leadership style, organizational culture and training together have a significant impact on the performance of employees in the hospitality division and Laboratory Services Department at Pondok Indah Hospital. Keywords : leadership styles, organizational culture,  training, performance
Algunas reflexiones sobre el litigio en el fuero de familia en época de pandemia y los principios que imperan en la materia. / Some reflections on litigation in the law of the familly in time of pandemic and the principles that rule in the matter
Authors: Ulla Luciana
Published: June 2021

El llamado procedimiento familiar exige el cumplimiento efectivo del principio de inmediación procesal y de la intervención dinámica y comprometida del Juez. Como podemos observar en la teoría, estamos de acuerdo en la necesidad de un tribunal de familia presente, visible y acompañante de estos dolorosos procesos que se acentuaron aun en época de pandemia, por la falta de recursos económicos, por el malestar general de la población, por la falta de cooperación de innumerables sectores, es por ello que siempre insta a los encargados de llevar justicia a cada familia a tener actitudes más humanas y sociales, que restrictivas y formales. ABSTRACT: The so-called family procedure requires effective compliance with the principle of procedural immediacy and the dynamic and committed intervention of the Judge. As we can see in theory, we agree on the need for a family court that is present, visible and accompanying these painful processes that were accentuated even in times of pandemic, due to the lack of economic resources, due to the general malaise of the population Due to the lack of cooperation from innumerable sectors, that is why it always urges those in charge of bringing justice to each family to have more humane and social attitudes, rather than restrictive and formal.
Methods for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in steam generators of thermal power plants
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Plevako A.
Published: June 2021

Main problem: Ensuring environmental safety of thermal power plants by reducing emissions of harmful substances, in particular nitrogen oxides. When all types of fossil fuel, including solid fuel, are burned, nitrogen oxides are formed in the boilers of TPPs. The sources of their formation are air nitrogen and nitrogen- containing components of the organic matter of the fuel. As you know, they adversely affect the health of humans, plants and animals. Therefore, it became necessary to consider and analyze methods to reduce these emissions. Purpose: To review and analyze various ways to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions and propose a new scheme for reducing these emissions by recirculating flue gases. Methods: This is achieved due to the fact that in the known method for purifying the flue gases of steam generators from nitrogen oxides by lowering the temperature in the furnace of the steam generator by supplying flue gases with a temperature below the temperature in the furnace of the steam generator, it is proposed that the flue gases be fed into the furnace of the steam generator after ash cleaning. At the same time, as a result of the supply of recirculated gas cooled after filtering and passing through the main smoke exhauster into the combustion chamber, having a temperature of 110-170 °C, in comparison with the initial version, a greater decrease in temperature in the furnace of the steam generator occurs, which in turn leads to a decrease in the flue gases of oxides nitrogen, since the chemical reaction of their formation goes with the absorption of heat. Results and their importance: The technical result at the proposed method of cleaning from nitrogen oxides is to reduce the consumption of electricity by eliminating the collateral wear of the recirculation gas duct, due to the cleaning of time gases from ash (a requirement of the rules of technical operation of PTE).
Spectroscopic Detection of Alfvénic Waves in the Chromosphere of Sunspot Regions
Authors: Chae Jongchul , Cho Kyuhyoun , Nakariakov Valery M. , Cho Kyung-Suk , Kwon Ryun-Young
Published: June 2021

Transverse magnetohydrodynamic waves often called Alfvénic (or kink) waves have been often theoretically put forward to solve the outstanding problems of the solar corona like coronal heating, solar wind acceleration, and chemical abundance enhancement. Here we report the first spectroscopic detection of Alfvénic waves around a sunspot at chromospheric heights. By analyzing the spectra of the Hα line and Ca ii 854.2 nm line, we determined line-of-sight velocity and temperature as functions of position and time. As a result, we identified transverse magnetohydrodynamic waves pervading the superpenumbral fibrils. These waves are characterized by the periods of 2.5 to 4.5 minutes, and the propagation direction parallel to the fibrils, the supersonic propagation speeds of 45 to 145 km s−1, and the close association with umbral oscillations and running penumbral waves in sunspots. Our results support the notion that the chromosphere around sunspots abounds with Alfvénic waves excited by the mode conversion of the upward-propagating slow magnetoacoustic waves.
Discovery of Stellar Streams around NGC 3614
Authors: Block Adam
Published: June 2021

In the course of surveying spiral galaxies in the Local Volume, long exposures of NGC 3416 show two probable stellar streams with the possible remnant of a satellite galaxy. I captured the discovery image using the Schulman Telescope at Steward Observatory's Mount Lemmon Sky Center (University of Arizona). I acquired the wide bandpass data over three nights under photometric conditions in 2015 February. Prominent theories of galaxy formation hold that the creation of present-day galaxies are the aggregation of many past minor mergers. Stellar streams lend credence to the idea by presenting evidence of extended low surface brightness tidally created signatures. NGC 3614 appears to be a good example the for kind of extended features expected by these theories.
The Macroporosity of Rubble Pile Asteroid Ryugu and Implications for the Origin of Chondrules
Authors: Herbst William , Greenwood James P. , Yap Teng Ee
Published: June 2021

We use the known surface boulder-size distribution of the C-type rubble pile asteroid Ryugu (NEA 162173) to determine its macroporosity, assuming it is a homogeneous granular aggregate. We show that the volume-frequency distribution of its boulders, cobbles, and pebbles, is well-represented by a lognormal function with σ = 2.4 ± 0.1 and μ = 0.2 ± 0.05. Application of linear-mixture packing theory yields a value for the macroporosity of ϕ = 0.14 ± 0.04. Given its low bulk density of 1.19 gm cm−3, this implies an average density for Ryugu’s rocks of 1.38 ± 0.07 gm cm−3 throughout its volume, consistent with a recent determination for surface boulders based on their thermal properties. This supports the spectrum-based argument that interplanetary dust particles may be the best analog material available on Earth, and it suggests that high-density, well-lithified objects such as chondrules and chondrule-bearing chondrites may be rare on Ryugu. Implications of this result for the origin of chondrules, a long-standing problem in cosmochemistry, are discussed. We propose that chondrules and most chondrites formed together in rare lithification events, which occurred during the accretion of chondritic envelopes to large, differentiated planetesimals at a time when they were still hot from 26Al decay.
Spin–Orbit Resonances of High-eccentricity Asteroids: Regular, Switching, and Jumping
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. , Goldin Alexey , Veras Dimitri
Published: June 2021

Few solar system asteroids and comets are found in high-eccentricity orbits (e > 0.9), but in the primordial planetesimal disks and in exoplanet systems around dying stars such objects are believed to be common. For 2006 HY51, the main belt asteroid with the highest known eccentricity 0.9684, we investigate the probable rotational states today using our computer-efficient chaotic process simulation method. Starting with random initial conditions, we find that this asteroid is inevitably captured into stable spin–orbit resonances typically within tens to a hundred megayears. The resonances are confirmed by direct integration of the equation of motion in the vicinity of endpoints. Most resonances are located at high spin values above 960 times the mean motion (such as 964:1 or 4169:4), corresponding to rotation periods of a few days. We discover three types of resonance in the high-eccentricity regime: (1) regular circulation with weakly librating aphelion velocities and integer-number spin–orbit commensurabilities, (2) switching resonances of higher order with orientation alternating between aligned (0 or π) and sidewise (π/2) angles at aphelia and perihelia, (3) jumping resonances with aphelion spin alternating between two quantum states in the absence of spin–orbit commensurability. The islands of equilibrium are numerous at high spin rates but small in parameter space area, so that it takes millions of orbits of chaotic wandering to accidentally entrap in one of them. We discuss the implications of this discovery for the origins and destiny of high-eccentricity objects and the prospects of extending this analysis to the full 3D treatment.
Coral bleaching in the Caramuanas reef (Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil) during the 2010 El Niño event
Authors: Miranda Ricardo J. , Cruz Igor C.S. , Leão Zelinda M.A.N.
Published: June 2021

Episodes of coral bleaching related to El Niño events have been increasing in frequency and severity. This phenomenon is cited as a major cause of degradation of coral reefs. This study evaluates the effects of coral bleaching on the Caramuanas reef community, which occurred during the southern hemisphere summer of 2009/2010. Within this period the sea surface temperature of 31°C and thermal anomalies up to almost 1°C were recorded. During and after this El Niño event, frequency and severity of bleaching, live coral cover, number of colonies, class size, disease occurrence, and mortality rate were monitored on corals larger than 20 cm in diameter. The samples were taken at twelve fixed transects, in three reef stations. Statistical analysis showed that the severity of bleaching was different between the two periods, during and after the 2010 ENSO event. The Caramuanas reef showed sublethal bleaching effects indicating that this reef is tolerant to bleaching when the temperature anomalies do not exceed 0.75°C within one week.
Glutathione S-Transferase as biomarker in Sciades herzbergii (Siluriformes: Ariidae) for environmental monitoring: the case study of São Marcos Bay, Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho-Neta Raimunda N.F. , Abreu-Silva Ana L.
Published: June 2021

The Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) activity has been proposed as a biomarker of susceptibility to the presence of potentially damaging xenobiotics in aquatic organisms. The aim of this work was to measure GST activity in the liver of Sciades herzbergii (catfish) in order to evaluate the biochemical effects of pollutants. The catfish samples were collected along known pollution gradients areas (A1) and from areas regarded as relatively free of anthropogenic input (A2), in São Marcos Bay, São Luis de Maranhão, Brazil. The variables analyzed in fish were: length, weight, gonadal stages, gonadosomatic index and GST activity. The databases from this analysis were compiled, and generalized linear models were used to analyze the dependence of enzyme activity on the areas of sampling and on selected biological parameters of fish. A significant difference was observed in GST activity in the liver of S. herzbergii in the comparison between fish from the contaminated site and those from the reference site (P < 0.05). Morphometric (length and weight) parameters and gonadosomatic index of collected fish were significant in the linear model of GST activity only in the reference site. These results may be due to the activity pattern of the enzyme, which increases with the sexual maturity of the animals in healthy environments. In the contaminated area (A1) these correlations do not exist, probably as a result of the energy used in the biotransformation of the various contaminants.
Determination of the antimicrobial activity of purified melanin from the ink of Octopus mimus Gould, 1852 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae)
Authors: Vega Petkovic Marco
Published: June 2021

Cephalopods are important biomedical models oriented to vertebrates, with pharmacological potential. These animals possess a gland of ink, which produces a black or brown liquid (ink), with high concentration of melanin, which have been ascribed antibacterial properties. Based on this information, we sought to determinate the protective effect of Octopus mimus melanin through the extraction and purification of the ink, and further evaluation of its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Our results indicate a moderate antimicrobial activity, compared with commercial antibiotic (ampicillin 0.05 mg mL-1), and a minimum inhibitory concentration differential between the two bacterial strains.
First record of intersexuality in Porcellana platycheles (Pennant, 1777) (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae)
Authors: Ferreira Luciane , Guzmán Guillermo
Published: June 2021

This paper reports the first record of intersexuality from Porcellana platycheles, a member of the family Porcellanidae. Intersex individuals were identified by the presence of both pairs of genital openings on the coxae of the third and fifth pereiopods respectively, and by morphological characteristics of the abdomen and pleopods. The low occurrence of this condition suggests that intersexuality is due to genetic variations in the population rather than other possible causes of intersexuality previously reported in other decapods.
Population parameters of main fishery resources in the basin of the Apure River, Venezuela (2000-2003)
Authors: Pérez-Lozano Alfredo , Aniello Barbarino
Published: June 2021

Population parameters, performance index (∅) and exploitation rates (E = F/Z), of the 14 most important commercial fish species, in the Apure River, were estimated from length frequency distributions of commercial catches in the period 2000-2003. Growth parameters were used to determine the status of the principal fisheries resources of the Apure River. The analyzed species represented 83% of the total commercial species. The results showed a predominance of values relativity low of K and high L∞, common in longevity species. This data combined with the high values from estimations of Z and F showed a survival annual high rate and low stock tuner-over rate. The E estimations for the 14 fish species were high. E0,1 (0.50- 0.94). The overfishing indicators to four most fish species abundant (P. mariae, P. tigrinum, M. duriventre y H. littorale), showed that at least three species were heavy exploited. In general the analysis indicate that these 14 fish species have been strongly fished, and the data obtained is a starting point (as biological reference point) to be used for the assessment and management of fisheries resources in the Apure River.
Larval and juvenile culture of Vogde’s scallop Euvola vogdesi (Pteroida: Pectinidae)
Authors: Reynoso-Granados Teodoro , Monsalvo-Spencer Pablo , Robles-Villegas Gabriel , Robles-Mungaray Miguel , Maeda-Martínez Alfonso N.
Published: June 2021

Our work describes embryonic, larval, and juvenile development of Euvola vogdesi and shows results of experimental larval culture of this species. Broodstock in the conditioning system reached total maturity of the gonad at 42 ± 5 days. Breeders were induced to spawning with thermal shock methods (18- 28°C/20 min) and with intragonadal serotonin injection (0.3 mL to 0.25 mM). The experiments of temperature effect on larval growth (20, 23, and 25°C) showed that the highest growth in shell length was achieved at 25°C. Larval growth achieved in 1992, 1999, and 2001 showed significant differences. After 9 years of technical improvements to optimize larval production, we have been able to decrease culture time from 25 to 11 days from fertilization to the plantigrade stage. After metamorphosis, postlarvae developed ornamentation in the disoconch, acquiring the species typical morphology. Juveniles from 3.5-4.0 mm in length had a survival of 3- 5%, at 55 ± 5 days in pre-fattening. Juveniles of 6-7 mm in length showed the characteristic valves of adults after 20-25 days of fattening.
Effectiveness of monitoring techniques employed to determine reproductive success of marine turtles in Cuba
Authors: Azanza-Ricardo Julia , Gerhartz-Muro José Luis , Forneiro Martín-Viaña Yanet , Moncada-Gavilán Félix
Published: June 2021

Monitoring of nesting has been used globally to estimate the population size of marine turtles. Nevertheless, monitoring effort varies widely, for instance in Cuba, four different approaches are applied: nighttime systematic monitoring, daytime systematic monitoring, sporadic monitoring with nest verification, and sporadic monitoring with no verification. These variations imply that the amount and accuracy of data gathered and the quality of derived information, differ amongst the approaches. This paper assesses the effectiveness of the different methodologies used for determining the reproduction success of marine turtles in Cuba. Nighttime systematic monitoring is only carried out in one area, while sporadic monitoring with nest verification is the most used approach along the country. The proportion of the nesting season covered with monitoring personnel is low in most of the beaches and for all the three species (Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta and Eretmochelys imbricata), although the species in the most critical situation is hawksbill. Significant differences were found between systematic and sporadic monitoring, which has important implications for the understanding of the nesting behavior, as the capacity to detect false and true crawls essentially depends on the monitoring frequency, according to our findings. Low detection capacity in sporadic monitoring hampered the development of efficiency assessments in all the nesting beaches. In summary, despite the effort carried out nationwide to monitor nesting populations that has even increased in the last three years, important gaps exists and new monitoring strategies are needed to guarantee the right information for the species is gathered, while adequate cost-benefit balance is achieved.
Implementation of the mixed linear models in experimental infections with WSSV in the withe shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Ramírez-Ruíz María Alejandra , Simá-Álvarez Raúl , Tórres-Irineo Edgar , Rodríguez-Canul Rossanna
Published: June 2021

The White Spot Syndrome Virus has been very detrimental for the shrimp industry. Up to date there is no cure for the disease, thus, it is necessary to implement reliable experimental strategies to evaluate the effect of drugs and the host response during the prognosis of the disease. In this study, we evaluated two ways of infection with WSSV (200 copies WSSV-DNA) (injection and immersion), at constant temperature (26 ± 0.5ºC), in juveniles of Litopenaeus vannamei (4.8 ± 0.38 g) in intermolt stage. In the infection by injection, the organisms were lethargic with reddish appearance 2 days after infection and mortality (100%) was observed within 2-5 days: 63% organisms with light degree of infection [20 copies of DNA & 1-5 Cowdry A-type inclusions in hypertrophied nuclei (CAI)/200 fields], 21% had moderate infection (200 copies of DNA & 1-2 CAI/20 fields) and 16% severely infected (2000 copies of DNA & more than 10 CAI/field). No mortality was observed in the controls. In the infection by immersion, the signs of WSSV were observed 3 days after infection: 38% of mortality was observed during 3-9 days: 25% of the organism with light degree of infection (20 copies of DNA & 1-2 CAI/20 fields), 5% moderately infected (200 copies of DNA & 1-2 CAI/20 fields) and 8% with severe infection (2000 copies of DNA & 1-5 CAI/2 fields. The other 62% organisms were necropsied at day 12 and tested positive to the WSSV-PCR (light infection = 20 copies of DNA), but did not show CAI by histology. No mortality was observed in the controls. For the statistical analysis, the data did not fit the criteria of independence and linearity needed for the analyses of variance, thus we used instead the mixed linear models and were able to observe a better prediction: in the injected organisms, the mortality reached the highest peak at day 5 after infection. In the organisms infected by immersion, the highest peak or mortality was observed at day 9 after infection. The analysis of variance of Kenward-Roger indicated significant differences between the days of mortality (F = 20.1, P = 0.001), as well as among the ways of infection (Random analysis) (P = 0.007).
First study on infestation of Excorallana berbicensis (Isopoda: Corallanidae) on six fishes in a reservoir in Brazilian Amazon during dry and rainy seasons
Authors: Gentil-Vasconcelos Huann Carllo , Tavares-Dias Marcos
Published: June 2021

We analyzed the infestation levels of Excorallana berbicensis on Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, Ageneiosus ucayalensis, Geophagus proximus, Hemiodus unimaculatus, Psectrogaster falcata and Serrasalmus gibbus in a reservoir in the Araguari River basin, northern Brazil, during the dry and rainy seasons. For P. falcata, the infestation levels due to E. berbicensis were greater during the rainy season. For all the species studied, the peak parasite prevalence was in the month of highest rainfall levels and there were two peaks of parasite abundance: one in the month with highest rainfall level and the other in the month of transition from the rainy season to the dry season. In these hosts, around 70% of the E. berbicensis specimens were collected during the rainy season. The body conditions of the hosts also did not suffer any seasonal influence. Despite the differences in seasonal rainfall levels, there was no fluctuation in transparency, turbidity, pH, electric conductivity, temperature and dissolved oxygen levels in the water, due to the stability of these parameters during the seasonal cycle investigated in this artificial Amazon ecosystem. This was the first report on the seasonality of infestation by E. berbicensis associated with fish.
Rapid method for counting of blood leukocytes and its usefulness in health status assessment of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Alzamora-Gonzales Libertad , De Amat-Herbozo Carolina , Colona-Vallejos Erasmo , Cervantes-Aguilar Elizabeth , Dyer Velarde-Álvarez Richard , Aquino-Ortega Ronald , Aguilar-Luis Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2021

The analysis of the ratio and number of blood cells is a very reliable way to assess the health status in humans and other species. The aim was to standardize a methodology for rapid quantification of blood leukocytes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Samples of blood leukocytes obtained from a group of healthy juvenile trout maintained in the laboratory were processed. The samples were analyzed using a Scepter™ minicytometer, the results were compared with those obtained by flow cytometry. Histograms generated by both methods showed a peak corresponding to the population of lymphocytes/thrombocytes and one of monocyte/neutrophil. Non-significant differences were found between the results of both methods (P > 0.05). The method employing minicytometer was used to evaluate samples of trout from a fish farm, the profile obtained showed a significant decrease in the neutrophils consistent with clinical signs of disease observed in the tested specimens. These results indicate that the methodology is valid and useful in determining the concentrations and cell proportions in blood samples of rainbow trout and allow rapid analysis of its health status.
Classical biological control against insect pests in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East: What influences its success?
Authors: Seehausen M. Lukas , Afonso Catarina , Jactel Hervé , Kenis Marc
Published: June 2021

Many factors can affect the success and failure of classical biological control. However, these factors have mainly been studied independently of each other, which leaves their relative importance within the complexity of classical biological control (CBC) programmes unknown. Therefore, we set out to take a more holistic view on the factors that may impact the outcome of CBC of insect pests by insect predators and parasitoids. To this end, we filtered the BIOCAT catalogue to extract entries for the Greater Western Palearctic ecozone and added 15 new explanatory variables. These mainly concerned traits of released biological control agents, target pests, and host plants of the target, but also included the number of introductions for specific agent-target combinations as a management aspect. We then analysed the data regarding three levels of success: agent establishment, impact on the target population, and complete control of the target. Between 1890 and 2010 a total of 780 introductions of insects for biological control were undertaken in the analysed area, constituting 416 agent-target combinations. Overall success of agent establishment was 32%, successful impact of single agents on their target was 18%, and success of complete control was 11%. The number of factors significantly influencing the outcome of CBC decreased with increasing level of success. Remarkably few agent-related factors influenced the success: insect predators as agents decreased the probability of establishment and using oligophagous parasitoids significantly decreased the chances of complete control. Other significant factors were related to traits of target pests or their host plants. For example, sap feeders and target pests attacking reproductive plant parts were more likely to be successfully controlled. The rate of success increased with the number of introductions of CBC agents, in particular against univoltine target pests. These findings suggest that a focus on agent-related traits to increase the chances of successful CBC is not fully justified and should be complemented with the consideration of lower trophic levels and other aspects of CBC, such as abiotic factors and management.
Du processus mimétique à l’affirmation de soi : l’expérimentation différenciatrice
Authors: Mugnier Jean-Paul
Published: June 2021

Dans cet article, je propose d’envisager la formation à partir du processus mimétique et des questions éthiques qu’il impose à l’égard du formateur. Comment celui-ci permettra-t-il aux stagiaires de trouver leur propre style une fois passé le temps du « il fait son/sa… » suivi du nom du formateur ou de la formatrice. Me concernant, un tel questionnement ne pouvait faire l’impasse du modèle de formation qui me fut transmis et qu’à mon tour j’ai transmis, une envie de me former et de transmettre dont Mony Elkaïm fut à l’origine.
Résonances philosophiques ? Un pont entre philosophie et clinique
Authors: Prieur Nicole
Published: June 2021

Cet article met en évidence les points de rapprochement qui apparaissent entre la clinique de Mony Elkaïm, l’enseignement qu’il nous a transmis et la philosophie d’Emmanuel Levinas. Percevoir la dimension philosophique sous-jacente à son travail, nous permet d’accéder à la profondeur dans laquelle s’enracine sa conception de la thérapie et d’apprécier encore davantage la pertinence de sa pratique, l’importance de ses concepts, et leur richesse exceptionnelle.
L’équipe, base de sécurité de l’expérience des formats en thérapie familiale
Authors: Cirillo Stefano , Selvini Matteo , Sorrentino Anna Maria
Published: June 2021

Les auteurs décrivent les différentes portes d’entrée qu’ils ont progressivement intégrées dans leur travail de psychothérapeutes à l’école de Milan.
Évolution de la position du sujet en français : une approche constructionnelle
Authors: Prévost Sophie
Published: June 2021

La fixation progressive de l’ordre des mots en français a conduit au recul de la postposition du sujet, qui s’est majoritairement fixé devant le verbe. Cet article vise à analyser cette évolution dans une perspective constructionnelle, en rendant compte conjointement des sujets nominaux et pronominaux. Nous posons l’existence de trois constructions – SV, VSnominal, VSpronominal –, lesquelles forment système et sont caractérisées par des propriétés formelles et pragmatiques différentes. Celles-ci ont connu une série de changements qui a conduit à une reconfiguration progressive de ce système avec une spécialisation croissante de VS.
L’analyse constructionnelle des structures à réduction du sujet
Authors: Schøsler Lene
Published: June 2021

Le but de la présente étude est de montrer l’avantage de redéfinir les concepts de construction et de paradigme et d’appliquer ces concepts à l’intérieur d’une théorie sur l’organisation et la réorganisation de la grammaire. Le champ destiné à illustrer cette théorie est le paradigme de la voix, en particulier les constructions à réduction du sujet. Des arguments sont avancés en faveur d’une analyse qui consiste à considérer les alternances entre les anticausatives non marquées (AC) et les anticausatives réflexives (ACR) comme un choix entre deux membres du paradigme de la voix.
Pratique cyclique et liberté compositionnelle dans l’œuvre de Vincent d’Indy
Authors: Cathé Philippe
Published: June 2021

Cet article interroge les différentes pratiques cycliques de Vincent d’Indy et détaille les diverses modalités de leur mise en œuvre. D’une part, la dimension cyclique de certaines partitions demeure implicite ou cachée lorsque les pièces ne comportent aucune indication et que leur titre lui-même reste muet à ce sujet. D’autre part, on trouve diverses formes de paratexte, allant jusqu’à une indication thématique ou un véritable texte analytique précédant la partition. On interrogera spécifiquement les raisons d’indiquer des formes cycliques, que ces raisons soient positives et destinées à orienter favorablement l’audition, voire le jugement esthétique, ou qu’elles soient négatives. Dans ce dernier cas, on se demandera si leur but est de détourner l’analyse de certains paramètres et, en particulier, de permettre au compositeur de voiler sa réelle liberté compositionnelle. Ce faisant, la place particulière des trois quatuors à cordes de d’Indy apparaîtra.
Quand un tempo lirico s’invite dans certaines premières sections de formes-fantaisies lisztiennes
Authors: Moysan Bruno
Published: June 2021

La présente contribution s’intéresse à un aspect particulier de la pensée formelle lisztienne qui est la structure des premières sections des formes multipartites composées après 1848. Expérimentée et élaborée dans les fantaisies sur des thèmes d’opéras composées avant 1848, la forme multipartite lisztienne quitte cet univers après 1848 pour d’autres genres tels que le concerto, le poème symphonique, voire même la fantaisie pour orgue et la sonate pour piano. Liszt propose après 1848 plusieurs variantes de ce modèle, dont un en particulier au sein duquel la première section de la forme multipartite, Tempo primo , est elle-même subdivisée en un tempo primo , un tempo lirico et un tempo di mezzo de niveau inférieur, qui s’enchaînent avec le Tempo lirico , le Tempo di mezzo et le Finale de niveau supérieur. Si le modèle quadripartite ( Tempo primo–Tempo lirico–Tempo di mezzo–Finale ) apparaît dès les fantaisies composées en 1835-1836, le modèle avec subdivision du Tempo primo initial est plutôt caractéristique de la période de Weimar. La présente contribution s’attache à dater le moment de cette apparition et à cerner les contours de son élaboration.
Pékin : pire et meilleur ennemi de Taïwan
Authors: Julienne Marc , Seaman John
Published: June 2021

Au cours des dernières années, la politique de la République populaire de Chine à l’égard de Taïwan est devenue de plus en plus agressive. Les pressions économiques s’intensifient et les démonstrations de force militaires sont désormais très fréquentes. La posture chinoise a pour effet de renforcer le soutien international à Taipei. La question taïwanaise occupe plus que jamais une place centrale dans la confrontation sino-américaine, elle-même exacerbée par la crise du COVID-19.
Chine et Asie du Sud-Est : les jeux sont-ils faits ?
Authors: Boisseau du Rocher Sophie
Published: June 2021

La Chine pèse sur son environnement immédiat d’Asie du Sud-Est pour mettre en œuvre son concept de « communauté de destin partagé ». Présence accrue, dialogues multiples, projets communs concourent à réduire la marge de manœuvre des membres d’une ASEAN à l’efficacité réduite. La crise sanitaire a permis à Pékin de déployer ses ressources diplomatiques. Articulant la diplomatie et la pression militaire en mer de Chine, la Chine marginalise les autres acteurs – occidentaux – dans la région.
Face à la Chine, l’Australie en résistance
Authors: Rolland Nadège
Published: June 2021

La Chine est le plus important partenaire commercial de l’Australie depuis 2007 et cherche à étendre son influence dans ce pays en utilisant trois méthodes : la cooptation, la corruption et la coercition. Les responsables politiques australiens, toutefois, ne sont pas naïfs. Ils ont adopté une série de mesures pour limiter les ingérences étrangères, déclenchant la colère de représentants chinois. Le bras de fer entre Canberra et Pékin peut fournir des enseignements utiles aux Européens.
Impact of oral galenic formulations of Lactobacillus salivarius on probiotic survival and interactions with microbiota in human in vitro gut models
Authors: Arnal M.E. , Denis S. , Uriot O. , Lambert C. , Holowacz S. , Paul F. , Kuylle S. , Pereira B. , Alric M. , Blanquet-Diot S.
Published: June 2021

Health benefits of probiotics in humans essentially depend on their ability to survive during gastrointestinal (GI) transit and to modulate gut microbiota. To date, there is few data on the impact of galenic formulations of probiotics on these parameters. Even if clinical studies remain the gold standard to evaluate the efficacy of galenic forms, they stay hampered by technical, ethical and cost reasons. As an alternative approach, we used two complementary in vitro models of the human gut, the TNO gastrointestinal (TIM-1) model and the Artificial Colon (ARCOL), to study the effect of three oral formulations of a Lactobacillus salivarius strain (powder, capsule and sustained-release tablet) on its viability and interactions with gut microbiota. In the TIM-1 stomach, no or low numbers of bacteria were respectively released from the capsule and tablet, confirming their gastro-resistance. The capsule was disintegrated in the jejunum on average 76 min after administration while the core of sustained-release tablet was still intact at the end of digestion. Viability in TIM-1 was significantly influenced by the galenic form with survival percentages of 0.003±0.004%, 2.8±0.6% and 17.0±1.8% (n=3) for powder, capsule and tablet, respectively. In the ARCOL, the survival of the strain tended to be higher in the post-treatment phase with the tablet compared to capsule, but gut microbiota composition and activity were not differently modulated by the two formulations. In conclusion, the sustained-release tablet emerged as the formulation that most effectively preserved viability of the tested strain during GI passage. This study highlights the usefulness of in vitro gut models for the pre-screening of probiotic pharmaceutical forms. Their use could also easily be extended to the evaluation of the effects of food matrices and age on probiotic survival and activity during GI transit.
Physical and Psychosocial Responses to COVID-19 in Chinese Frontline Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Ping , Gao Chunhai , Torres Joseph , Ma Xueyi , Xu Man , Wang Lu , Qu Xi
Published: June 2021

Using Gordon's Functional Health Pattern Model, the current cross-sectional study aimed to survey physical and psychosocial responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among Chinese frontline nurses and to identify the most vulnerable groups for future reference and interventions. A self-administered online questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and stress reactions of 115 Chinese frontline nurses. The 52-item version of Gordon's Functional Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate physical, psychological, and social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among participants. The most prevalent problems were reported in the psychological aspect, where respondents referred to altered self-image due to constant use of masks (87.8%), excessive attention to clinical signs of COVID-19 (59.2%), depression (54%), forgetfulness (40.9%), and anxiety (39.1%). The most vulnerable nurses were those who were younger, had a chronic disease, and were divorced. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59
(9), 30–37.]
Advocacy, Collaboration, and Conflict Management: Teaching Core Skill Sets in Mental Health Nursing
Authors: Webster Debra , Willey Amanda , Seldomridge Lisa A.
Published: June 2021

Caring for individuals with mental illness requires a core set of skills: knowledge of various disorders; therapeutic communication; collaboration with the multidisciplinary team; proficiency as an advocate whether for individuals, families, groups, or populations; and conflict management. In the current study, students completed toolkits with standardized patient experiences (SPEs) to practice core skill sets. Growth occurred in students' therapeutic communication and their ability to care for standardized or simulated patients with complex mental health issues. Proficiency in interprofessional collaboration, advocacy, and conflict management was also noted. Providing students with opportunities to apply leadership skills to care for individuals with complex mental illness may not always be possible in “real world” settings. Use of SPEs and toolkit activities can bridge the gap between classroom/clinical and real world settings and were highly effective in helping students meet core skill sets in mental health settings. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59
(9), 26–29.]
Construir 34.000 camas hospitalarias en España. El reto del Plan Nacional de Instalaciones Sanitarias (1942-1982)
Authors: Lorente de Diego Alba , Martín-Gómez César , Castro Molina Francisco Javier
Published: June 2021

En un periodo marcado por la escasez y las dificultades económicas, se apostó en España por la realización de un gran plan sanitario que afectaría a toda geografía española, llamado el Plan de Instalaciones Sanitarias. Promovido por el propio Gobierno de la época, se propuso la construcción de una red sanitaria fundamentada en la construcción de hospitales y ambulatorios, a imagen y semejanza de la modernidad de los edificios americanos. Se construyeron más de un centenar de grandes complejos hospitalarios de forma rápida, pero a la vez insuficiente. En menos de una década, una treintena de nuevos hospitales y ambulatorios formaban parte del conjunto urbano de las ciudades españolas. El desarrollo del plan duró cuatro décadas, el cual estuvo marcado por la inestabilidad en la ejecución de los proyectos, y por el esfuerzo técnico, económico y político que conllevó.
Le composite dans les albums de littérature de jeunesse et ses effets différenciateurs : un exemple en cycle 2
Authors: Richard-Principalli Patricia , Fradet Marie-Françoise
Published: June 2021

De récents travaux de l’équipe de recherche ESCOL étudient la nature « composite » des nouveaux supports d’apprentissage et leur étroite articulation avec la littératie scolaire. Cet article porte sur les critères du composite dans la littérature de jeunesse (hétérogénéité sémiotique et hétérogénéité discursive) et s’intéresse spécifiquement au cycle 2 de l’école primaire. L’hypothèse est que le caractère composite d’un album de jeunesse fait obstacle à la construction de sa signification par les jeunes lecteurs, particulièrement chez les élèves des milieux sociaux les plus éloignés de la littératie scolaire. Cette hypothèse est explorée à travers deux albums narratifs, lus à des élèves de deux classes de CE1 de milieu contrasté (ZEP vs. centre-ville). La compréhension de ces albums est évaluée par des rappels de récit. L’analyse qualitative des quatre rappels sélectionnés laisse penser que le degré élevé de composite de l’un des albums contribue à brouiller la compréhension des élèves de la classe ZEP, ce qui témoigne du caractère différenciateur du composite dans les albums de jeunesse.
External growth strategy and performance: An empirical study of French SMEs
Authors: Lefebvre Vivien , Hamelin Anaïs
Published: June 2021

We examine the impact of small firms’ external growth strategy on their performance using unique data on all French small firms that went public between 2006 and 2014. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that small firms conducting acquisitions experience higher profitability than small firms relying on other growth modes. However, we observe no effect of acquisitions on sales growth. The results are robust to different robustness checks, including propensity-score matching. Our findings support the idea that acquisitions are strategic organizational changes more than “growth” operations. Furthermore, we provide empirical insights on the importance of external growth strategies for SMEs.JEL classification: G34, L20, L25.
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF VISCOSITY AND REABSORPTION ON URINE FLOW THROUGH A STRAIGHT NARROW TUBE
Authors: Mehboob Hira , Maqbool Khadija , Siddiqui Abdul Majeed , Awan Farah
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the effect of variable viscosity (exponential and linear) and constant reabsorption for the urine flow through a narrow tube. The inertial free flow of viscous fluid has been governed by the momentum and mass conservation through the cross-section of axisymmetric tube. The governing partial differential equations have been simplified with the help of stream function and stress components with exponential and linear variable viscosity. The resulting partial differential equations have been solved by the inverse method and give the explicit expressions for velocity, pressure, shear stress, flux and leakage of flow. It has been observed that flow in transverse direction increases with the increase in reabsorption velocity at wall, whereas horizontal flow, shear stress and volume flow rate become slow with the increase in uniform reabsorption velocity. Effect of viscosity is significant near the walls of tube because the axial velocity accelerates by increasing viscosity parameter due to the pressure gradient near the center of tube but it decelerates near the walls of tube due to surface friction. Also, the special case of variable viscosity is discussed by assuming the linear type of viscosity. The derived data for the velocity and flow rate have been used to measure the fractional reabsorption in proximal tube with varying viscosity near the wall.
Pretransplant Short-Term Exposure of Donor Graft Cells to ITK Selective Inhibitor Ameliorates Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease by Inhibiting Effector T Cell Differentiation while Sparing Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Kondo Takumi , Ikegawa Shuntaro , Fukumi Takuya , Sumii Yuichi , Sugiura Hiroyuki , Sando Yasuhisa , Nakamura Makoto , Meguri Yusuke , Iwamoto Miki , Maeda Yoshinobu , Matsuoka Ken-ichi
Published: June 2021

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). IL-2–inducible T cell kinase (ITK), a TEC cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, has an essential role in T cell development and receptor signaling. The ITK/Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib has been shown to improve chronic GVHD symptoms; however, the effect of ITK selective inhibition on acute GVHD remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacological effects of an ITK selective inhibitor (ITKsi) on acute GVHD using murine bone marrow transplantation models. First, we found that CD4+ T cell differentiation toward Th1, Th2, or Th17 was inhibited following ITKsi treatment in a dose-dependent manner while maintaining regulatory T cells in the presence of alloantigens both in vitro and in vivo. ITKsi preferentially inhibited inflammatory cytokine production and in vivo proliferation of alloreactive T cells. We then demonstrated that short-term exposure of donor graft cells to ITKsi significantly delayed the onset of GVHD-associated mortality without compromising the donor cell engraftment and the graft-versus-tumor effect, indicating the potential of ITK selective inhibition in the setting of clinical allogeneic HSCT. These findings suggest that ITK is a potential therapeutic target against GVHD, and the pharmacological ITK inhibitor may serve as a novel strategy for immune regulation after HSCT.