bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENTIRE-REGION CONSTITUTIVE RELATION FOR TRELOAR'S DATA
Authors: Han L. , Peng X. F. , Li L. X.
Published: January 2022

Hyperelastic materials can experience a large deformation process. A constitutive relation suitable for an entire region from small, moderate, to large deformations is of great importance for practical applications such as fracture problems. Treloar's data are first investigated, and the tension curve is divided into three regimes: small-to-moderate regime, strain-hardening regime, and limiting-chain regime. Next, the modeling theory of hyperelastic materials is introduced, and the tensile behaviors of basic energy functions are analyzed for different deformation regimes. Finally, a successive procedure is suggested to establish an entire-region constitutive relation and then applied to Treloar's data. The present constitutive relation can maintain the initial shear modulus while the experimental data are satisfactorily predicted. The present procedure is simple and feasible and hence applicable to other hyperelastic materials when their entire-region constitutive relations are studied based on experimental data.
Beta-Cyclodextrin and Maltodextrin Based Solid Dispersion of Meloxicam to Enhance the Solubility of Meloxicam; Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation
Authors: Muhammad Zaman Muhammad Zaman , Muhammad Hanif Muhammad Hanif , Syed Saeed Ul Hassan Syed Saeed Ul Hassan , Javed Iqbal and Muhammad Ahmad Shehzad Javed Iqbal and Muhammad Ahmad Shehzad
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the current study was to enhance the solubility of the meloxicam (MLX) by preparing complex with β-Cyclodextrin (CD) and maltodextrin (MD). Dextrins have the ability to capture the drug inside their cavities without forming any chemical bonding. Three (3) formulations, each of solid dispersion (SD) and physical mixture (PM) were prepared by using different drug to polymer ratios (1:4, 1:6 and 1:8) followed by evaluation for micromeritic properties, drug contents, and in vitro drug release studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Chemical compatibility of the ingredients was evaluated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results of conducted studies exposed excellent flow properties of SDs as well as prepared PMs, with reasonable amount of loaded drug, i.e. andgt;90%. SEM showed a bit irregular surface while XRD suggested crystalline behavior of pure drug, which was masked after its conversion into SDs and PMs based on dextrins. Solubility of the MLX was increased significantly form its initial extent of solubility i.e. 12.5 and#181;g/ml in pure form to 786.72 and#181;g/ml in the form of SD (pandlt;0.05), advocating suitability of materials and methods for solubility enhancement of MLX.
In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Bacillus clausii KP10
Authors: Farzana Nighat and Zahid Mushtaq Farzana Nighat and Zahid Mushtaq
Published: January 2022

Humans and plants are experiencing different kinds of diseases. Many of these diseases are mainly caused by microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and viruses that adversely affect their hosts. Bioactive compounds produced by bacteria can be used to treat the infections caused by these microorganisms. Free radicals that can cause serious damage to the cell can be repressed by antioxidants that are produced by bacteria as secondary compounds. The current case study was therefore planned to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of the organic and aqueous extracts of Bacillus clausii KP10 isolated recently by our group from hot springs of Tatta Pani, Poonch, Azad Kashmir. The antimicrobial activities were assessed using well diffusion method against two Gram positive bacteria; B. subtilis, and S. aureus, and two Gram negative bacteria; E. coli and P. multocida and three fungal strains; A. niger, A. parasiticus and A. ustus. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were done by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. In our experiments the maximum zones of inhibition were shown by ethanolic extract against P. multocida (21 mm), S. aureus (13 mm) and methanol soluble fraction showed zone of inhibition against A. ustus (21 mm) as compared to the standard ciprofloxacin for bacteria and as antifungal agents with terbinafine. In our studies n-hexane fraction of B. clausii KP10 showed maximum 88.67% antioxidant activity. Finally, results were analyzed statistically through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hence it is proved that the bioactive fractions obtained from B. clausii KP10 are good source of antimicrobials and antioxidants and they can be used as medicines in future for the respective treatments.
Effect of L-Arginine on the Carbon Microsphere Forming under Hydrothermal Carbonization
Authors: Jilei Liang Jilei Liang , Mengmeng Wu Mengmeng Wu , Hongmei Cai Hongmei Cai , Hao Wang Hao Wang , Hua Huang Hua Huang , and Xiaorong Lu and Xiaorong Lu
Published: January 2022

Carbon microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 5-10 μm have been synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization of starch and L-arginine. The surface property and structure of CMs were examined by FT-IR spectra, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and SEM images. These characterizations indicated that the L-arginine does not connect into the CMs but it promotes the starch hydrolysis and polymerization-condensation reaction of intermediate, which accelerates the formation of CMs and improves the yield in shorter time. The surface property of CMs determines adsorption capacity for acetic acid. By contrast, the porosity resulted from the carbonization at 500 and#176;C dominates the adsorption capacity for acetic acid.
Plasma-Treated Ce/TiO2-Palygorskite Catalyst for the NH3-SCR of NOx
Authors: Kaige Chen Kaige Chen , Ruoyu Chen Ruoyu Chen , Zhe Tang Zhe Tang , Hui Cang Hui Cang , Qi Xu Qi Xu
Published: January 2022

Ce/TiO2-Palygorskite ternary composites were fabricated as an efficient catalyst for medium and low temperature NH3-SCR reaction and the optimal mass proportion (Ti:Pal=1:3) of this catalyst was confirmed by the catalytic performance test, in order to improve the surface dispersion , which needed to be further disposed by the Non-thermal plasma , after that, it was activated by thermal treatment at 400⁰C for 4 h. Based on the results obtained by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, NH3-TPD, UV-vis (DRS), XPS, the treatment of plasma was much essential for the transformation from Ce4+ to Ce3+ on the surface of Ce/TiO2-palygorskite, to increase surface chemisorbed oxygen, and the improved dispersion, which were highly favorable for denitration. At about 350⁰C, the best NO conversion was respectively 90.59 % and 96.78 % for the untreated and treated catalysts, the latter possessed higher N2 selectivity. Besides, according to the research results on alkali metals poisoning resistance of these catalysts, it was discovered, the treated-catalyst poisoned by sodium salt had the best resistance performance, which might be related with the modification of the Non-thermal plasma, leading to more dispersed surface acid sites, to get more active sites, meanwhile, the toxicity of K was stronger than Na.
Modeling of a Nickel-based Fluidized Bed Membrane Reactor for Steam Methane Reforming Process
Authors: Mustafa Kamal Pasha Mustafa Kamal Pasha , Iftikhar Ahmad Iftikhar Ahmad , Jawad Mustafa Jawad Mustafa , Manabu Kano Manabu Kano
Published: January 2022

Hydrogen being a green fuel is rapidly gaining importance in the energy sector. Steam methane reforming is one of the most industrially important chemical reaction and a key step in the production of high purity hydrogen. Due to inherent deficiencies of conventional reforming reactors, a new concept based on fluidized bed membrane reactor is getting the focus of researchers. In this work, a nickel-based fluidized bed membrane reactor model is developed in the Aspen PLUSand#174; process simulator. A user-defined membrane module is embedded in the Aspen PLUSand#174; through its interface with Microsoftand#174; Excel. Then, a series combination of Gibbs reactors and membrane modules are used to develop a nickel-based fluidized bed membrane reactor. The model developed for nickel-based fluidized bed membrane reactor is compared with palladium-based membrane reactor in terms of methane conversion and hydrogen yield for a given panel of major operating parameters. The simulation results indicated that the model can accurately predict the behavior of a membrane reactor under different operating conditions. In addition, the model can be used to estimate the effective membrane area required for a given rate of hydrogen production.
Three New Copper (II) Complexes with CHIRAL SCHIFF BASES: Synthesis, Characterization, DNA Binding and DNA-Cleavage Studies
Authors: Turgay Tun Turgay Tun , Nadir Demirel Nadir Demirel , Mahmut Emir Mahmut Emir , Asl han G nel Asl han G nel , R fk Kad o lu R fk Kad o lu , Nurcan Karacan Nurcan Karacan
Published: January 2022

New mononuclear copper (II) complexes (1, 2 and 3) were synthesized from Schiff bases (H2L) of chiral amino alcohols. The structures of the copper complexes were proposed by a combination of elemental analyses, FTIR, LCMS, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductance measurement methods. Spectroscopic and analytical data of the complexes suggest four-coordinated structures. Geometry optimization carried out with DFT/6-31G (d,p) were proposed to be distorted square planar geometry for the complexes. The similarity between experimental and theoretical IR spectra confirms the proposed structures. The interaction of copper (II) complexes with calf thymus (CT-DNA) was investigated using absorption titration method. The results suggest that the complex 1 and 2 can bind to DNA by intercalation. Binding constants Kb were found to be 2.46and#215;105 for 1, 5.41and#215;105 for 2 and 7.00and#215;104 for 3. Moreover, agarose gel electrophoresis assay demonstrates that all complexes were found to cleavage of plasmid pentry/d-topo plasmid DNA. Complex 2 shows the best cleavage activity (5 and#181;M).
Properties and Characteristic of Amine-Polymer Blend Membrane
Authors: Asim Mushtaq Asim Mushtaq , Hilmi Mukhtar and Azmi Mohd Shariff Hilmi Mukhtar and Azmi Mohd Shariff
Published: January 2022

Polymer blend technology has earned a significant position in the field of polymer science. Current membrane technology can easily and simply remove and separates carbon dioxide as pressure, temperature, costs, and energy requirements are low. There is also no corrosion problem from the straightforward process of removing CO2 from natural gas, especially in remote or offshore locations that are easily scaled up. However, glassy polymeric membranes suffer from a lack of permeability causing performance degradation and higher selectivity. Nevertheless, amine solutions are capable of purifying naturally acidic gas. Within this framework, the blending of the polysulfone (PSU) glassy polymer with amines such as diethanolamine (DEA), methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), and monoethanolamine (MEA) in a dimethylacetamide solvent, resulted in the development of flat sheet membranes with the desired properties. The findings showed good miscibility between PSU and amines blends, all the original functional groups were shown by FTIR. The synthesized amine polymer blend membrane were found to have homogenous surfaces and a packed bed sphere structure (PBSS) as shown by FESEM images. Furthermore the addition of different amine solution, have increased the size of PBSS due to incorporation of amine molecule into the sphere.
Photometric Study of Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid by Methylene Green in Aqueous Alcoholic System
Authors: Sameera Razi Khan Sameera Razi Khan , Rehana Saeed Rehana Saeed , Maria Ashfaq Maria Ashfaq , Summyia Masood Summyia Masood
Published: January 2022

The photochemical study for oxidation of ascorbic acid with methylene green was studied in aqueous and aqueous methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol at temperature ranges from 303-318 K in acidic medium. The quantum yield of the photochemical oxidation of ascorbic acid with methylene green was determined by irradiation of reaction mixture by monochromatic light of 657 nm and transmitted light was recorded by photocell response as electrical signals on galvanometer. The rate of reaction mixture in terms of quantum yield was determined and found independent of variation in methylene green concentration and had increased with the concentration of ascorbic acid. The effect of dielectric constant was studied by varying the compositions of alcohol and the results obtained revealed that the quantum yield decreased with the decrease of the polarity of system in acidic medium. On the basis of kinetics the reaction follow pseudo first order and mechanism has been proposed. Thermodynamic parameter such as energy of activation (Ea*), change in enthalpy of activation (ΔH*), change in free energy of activation (ΔG*), and change in entropy of activation (ΔS*) were also calculated.
Toxicity and Effects of Nimolcine (Neem Compound) and Acorus calamus on Cholinesterase Enzyme of Callosobruchus analis in Comparison with Chemical Pesticides
Authors: Nighat Gul Nighat Gul , M Farhanullah Khan M Farhanullah Khan , Saif Ud Din and Maisoor Ahmed Nafees Saif Ud Din and Maisoor Ahmed Nafees
Published: January 2022

In the present research study Nimolicine (neem compound), Acorus calamus(crude extract) Cypermethrin (pyrethroid) and Methamidophos (organophosphate) were examined against Callosobruchus analis (F) by Filter paper impregnation method. Presently, LC50 values were found as 19, 5.1, 2.2 and 16and#181;g/cm2 for nimolicine, Acorus calamus crude extract, cypermethrin and methamidopos respectively after 24 hours of treatment. The order of effectiveness was observed as cypermethrin andgt;Acorus calamus andgt; methamidophos andgt;Nimolicine. The cholinesterase % inhibition was observed as 37.5, 40, 12 and 65% for Nimolicine, Acorus calamus, cypermethrin and methamidopos respectively. This research determines that Acorus calamus and Nimolicine both have a valuable potential against the Callosobruchus analis. However, further investigation is indispensable to see the effectiveness of these compounds for the positive pest control acceptable by integrated pest management (IPM) in economic, environmental and social means.
Role of Trace andamp; Toxic Elements in the Development of Anaemia in School going population of Hyderabad
Authors: Junaid Ali Thebo Junaid Ali Thebo , Shaista Khan Shaista Khan , Abdul Aziz Shaikh Abdul Aziz Shaikh , Nasren Thebo Nasren Thebo , Ghulam Nabi Ghulam Nabi , Nehwish Lohdi Nehwish Lohdi , Muhammad Hassan Khaskheli and Ghulam Abas Shar Muhammad Hassan Khaskheli and Ghulam Abas Shar
Published: January 2022

The aim of this research work was to measure the concentration of essential trace elements, including serum copper, iron and zinc in children suffering from anemia, and also to investigate the effect of heavy metal like lead on causing anemia. The study has been performed on school going children living in Hyderabad, which is a mini industrialized city. The study was carried out in anemic children studying in different schools of Hyderabad having different age groups. 10 ml venous blood samples were obtained after an informed consent form was signed.The samples were used to analyzed the trace elements (Fe,Cu, Zn) and toxic metal Lead (Pb). Trace elements include zinc and copper were found elevated in anemic children than healthy one, Copper is involved in many vital mechanisms in the body, energy production, connective tissue formation, and Fe metabolism, whereas copper found low with relation to the iron in anemic children because copper helps in the absorption of iron. Zinc is an essential micronutrient demanded by living being because of its significant position in-cooperation with structural constituent of proteins and as a cofactor in enzyme catalysis, there is difference between zinc and iron, they have been found to inhibit each other’s absorption due to their competitive absorption pathways. Increased zinc levels found in children with low iron content, whereas control group have normal results of these elements which may be due to their dietary management. The results revealed the environmental pollution and the associated health risks on exposure to lead. Pb concentrations whereas the current research stated a considerable relationship of mild and severe anemia with 10-42.2μg/dl Pb concentrations, the variation in results may be due to a small sample size in the current study, Drinking water from corrosion of plumbing systems through the use of lead sellers and other lead containing materials in connecting household plumbing to public water supplies. Ground and surface water are also contaminated by lead consuming industry and agricultural activities. The concentrations of Pb greater than or equal to (≥)10 μg/dl in children related with an increased threat of mild and severe anemia, diminishing iron absorption . High Lead levels were related with lower concentrations of iron, ferritin and copper, in this study it was found that high levels of lead were found mostly in boys. Lead levels have also found in control group which was below 5 ug/dl, according to WHO ≥ 10 ug/dl is considered as high.
Investigation of Mechanical and Electrochemical Performance of Multifunctional Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites for Electrical Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Atif Javaid Atif Javaid , Ahmad Shahzaib Ahmad Shahzaib , Hammad Tahir Hammad Tahir , Munazza Ali Munazza Ali , and Wajiha Younus and Wajiha Younus
Published: January 2022

Concept of structural supercapacitors, based on carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites, has been introduced that can act as a structural load bearing component as well as an electrical energy storing device simultaneously. This multifunctional carbon fiber reinforced structural supercapacitors are fabricated by using carbon fiber and glass fiber/filter paper as reinforcements and cross-linked polymer electrolyte as a matrix. Carbon fiber mats also simultaneously serve the role of electrodes in addition to reinforcements whereas the glass fiber mat/filter paper also acts as an insulator to avoid the short-circuiting of the carbon fiber electrodes. A polymer epoxy matrix is modified by introducing ions within the cross-linked structure in order to develop an optimized polymer electrolyte. Flexural tests of structural supercapacitor are conducted to evaluate the structural performance while charge/discharge tests are conducted to evaluate the electrochemical performance. Multifunctional structural supercapacitors are tested mechanically as well as electrochemically. A structural supercapacitor is fabricated showing simultaneously an energy density of 0.11 mWh m-3, a specific capacitance of 0.8 mF.cm-3 and a flexural modulus of 26.6 GPa simultaneously.
Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Graphene Oxide-Carbon Nanotubes Hybrids / Polyamide 6 Composites
Authors: Zhi Qiang Wang Zhi Qiang Wang , Yong Ke Zhao and Xiang Feng Wu Yong Ke Zhao and Xiang Feng Wu
Published: January 2022

The hybrids combined by nano-materials with different dimensions usually possess much better enhancement effects than single one. Graphene oxide-carbon nanotubes hybrids / polyamide 6 composites has been fabricated. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the as-prepared samples was discussed. Research results showed that increasing the cooling rate was in favor of increasing the crystallization rate and the degree of crystallinity for the as-prepared samples. Moreover, the crystallization rate was first decreased and then increased with increasing the hybrids loading. Furthermore, the crystallization mechanism was changed with increasing the crystallization temperature and the cooling rate. The nucleation and growth modes of the non-isothermal crystallization could be classified into three different types, according to the Ozawa’s theory. These complicated results could be attributed to the important role of crystallization rate as well as the simultaneous hindering and promoting effects of the as-prepared hybrids. This work has reference values for understanding the crystallization kinetics of the polyamide 6-based composites.
Synthesis of High Surface Area Calcium Aluminate (Ca12Al14O33) with Carbon Template by Solid State Calcination Method
Authors: Ruiyuan Tang Ruiyuan Tang , Junhui Hao Junhui Hao , Kai Liu Kai Liu , Yingyun Qiao Yingyun Qiao , Juntao Zhang and Yuanyu Tian Juntao Zhang and Yuanyu Tian
Published: January 2022

High surface area calcium aluminate is synthetized within a short time by using a carbon template solid state calcination method which involved addition of carbon black into the CaCO3 and Al2O3 powders, calcination, and carbon removal by steam. Vary carbon black dosage changed the textural properties of the calcium aluminate, such as the surface area. By varying carbon black dosage from 0 to 10.0 wt%, the calcium aluminate with a surface area ranging from 21.5 to 41.2 m2and#183;g–1 are successfully synthesized within 14.0 h. Furthermore, the nanometer sized CaCO3 and Al2O3 powders comprising carbon black could markedly reduce the calcination temperature without reducing the surface area. This research might lead to the cost-effective synthesis of calcium aluminate (Ca12Al14O33) in a short synthesis period.
Characterization and Synthesis of This Comb Type Copolymer with Styrene Using A Macromonomer Containing Polyethylmethacrylate
Authors: Asl ah A kses and S leyman Sara Asl ah A kses and S leyman Sara
Published: January 2022

In this study, firstly 7-hydroxy-4-chloromethyl coumarin (CMHC) was synthesized from reaction of ethyl 4-chloroacetoasetate with resorcinol. Then, the poly(ethyl methacrylate) coumarin end grouped having hydroxyl (CEMA) was prepared by ethyl methacrylate with using (CMHC) as initiator by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. A macromonomer (CMEMA) was synthesized from reaction of methacryloyl chloride and poly(EMA) ended coumarin having OH group (CEMA). Molecular brush of P(CMEMA-comb-%16St) was synthesized by reaction of macromonomer CMEMA and styrene by free radical polymerization method (SRP). The structures of the prepared macromonomer and molecular brush were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR techniques. The thermal behavior of P(CMEMA-comb-%St) has been investigated by TGA, and the glass transition temperatures have been measured on DSC. The average molecular weights and polydispersity were determined by GPC. The dielectric behavior of P(CMEMA-comb-%16St) was investigated as a function of temperature and frequency. The intrinsic viscosity [] of P(CMEMA-comb-%16St) was determinated.
Rarely Occurring Natural Products Isolated from Vincetoxicum stocksii
Authors: Saima Khan Saima Khan , Muhammad Imran Tousif Muhammad Imran Tousif , Naheed Raiz Naheed Raiz , Mamona Nazir Mamona Nazir , Mahreen Mukhtar Mahreen Mukhtar , Liaquat Ali Liaquat Ali , Rasool Bakhsh Tareen and Muhammad Saleem Rasool Bakhsh Tareen and Muhammad Saleem
Published: January 2022

Silica gel column chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of Vincetoxicum stocksii resulted in the separation of three new rarely occurring natural products; [4-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl)phenyl] carbamic acid (1), bis[di-p-phenylmethane]ethyl carbamate (2), methyl 2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate, stocksiloate(3), along with five known compounds; 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,-propanetriol (4), feruloyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (6), apocynin (7) and vincetomine (8). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established with help of 1D, 2D-NMR techniques and high resolution mass spectrometry, whereas, compound 3 could only be characterized tentatively by 1D, 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1 is new compound while 2 is synthetically known but never been reported from natural source. The known compounds were identified due to 1D NMR analysis and in comparison with the literature values. Compounds 1-3 were found inactive in an anti-urease assay.
Effect of Silicon Contents on Different Oxidizers Used in Delay Composition
Authors: Azizullah Khan Azizullah Khan , Abdul Qadeer Malik and Zulfiqar H Lodhi Abdul Qadeer Malik and Zulfiqar H Lodhi
Published: January 2022

Study was undertaken on the mass consumption and burning time of ranges of Si/Pb3O4/FG and Si/PbO/FG pyrotechnic delay compositions by varying Silicon Content. Silicon is a fuel; PbO and Pb3O4 are oxidizers whereas Fish Glue is a binder. The mass consumption and burning time of both these compositions was determined with different silicon contents. The Silicon content was varied from 5 wt% to 55 wt% for Si/Pb3O4/FG delay mixture, whereas for Si/PbO/FG delay composition the Silicon content was varied from 5 wt% to 40 wt%. The mass consumption of Si/Pb3O4/FG composition increases and burning time decreases with increase in fuel content until the maximum mass consumption of 1.080 mg/ms and minimum burning time of 300 ms were recorded at 35 wt. % Silicon Content. Similarly, the mass consumption of Si/PbO/FG delay composition also increases and burning time decreases with increase in Silicon content buy beyond 15 wt% Silicon content the delay mixture shows unpredictable burning propagation behavior. Study was also conducted on the effect of fast red lead delay mixture as first fire charge to improve the burning performance of Si/PbO/FG delay compositions.
Investigating the Impact of Hard Water on Natural Dyeing of Cotton Fabric by Tagetes erecta Flowers
Authors: Iqra Khalid Iqra Khalid , Shaukat Ali Shaukat Ali , Muhammad Tahir Hussain Muhammad Tahir Hussain , Rizwan Ashra Rizwan Ashra , Asfandyar Khan and Naseer Ahmad Asfandyar Khan and Naseer Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Ground water is commonly used media for most of textile processing treatments and it is often inherent with significant degree of hardness. This study is undertaken to evaluate the influence of water hardness on dyeing of cotton fabric by natural colorant extracted from flowers of Tagetes erecta. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization of extraction and application of the natural colorant. Results were examined by Analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the present study, effect of process parameters viz. time (30–90 min), temperature (60–90oC) and concentration of hard water (250–1250 ppm) on natural dyeing process (K/S value) were modelled by employing RSM based central composite design. For the applications of natural colorants, mordanting technique was employed wherein the results of pre-mordanting and post-mordanting were studied comparatively. The dyed fabric was evaluated for colour strength (K/S) and CIELab values. It was observed that increase in water hardness adversely influenced the colour strength and it also adds to significant degree of unevenness in cotton dyeing using natural colorant.
Acute Stress Induced Behavioral Deficits In Rats: Relationship With Oxidative Stress, Leptin And HPA Axis
Authors: Erum Shireen Erum Shireen , Wafa Binte Ali Wafa Binte Ali , Maria Masroor Maria Masroor , Saeeda Bano Saeeda Bano , Samina Iqbal Samina Iqbal , Muhammad Mansoor Hai and Darakhshan J Haleem Muhammad Mansoor Hai and Darakhshan J Haleem
Published: January 2022

Acute exposure to stress is connected to many disorders that promote the toxicity of oxygen radical generators leading to increase in the levels of enzymes and also the activation of the HPA axis. The present study uses a preclinical approach to elucidate some prospective stress-induced behavioral and biochemical effects. The aim of current study was to investigate the relationship between stress and behavioral changes after exposing animals to 2h immobilization stress. We also evaluated the concentration of corticosterone, glucose and endogenous leptin levels in unstressed and stressed animals to explore the possible role of HPA axis in the modulation of stressed induced behavioral deficits. Rats were divided into stressed and unstressed groups. Behavioral activities were monitored in open field activity and light dark transition box after the termination of 2h immobilization period. Animals were then decapitated and plasma samples were collected for catalase, SOD, corticosterone, and glucose estimation. Results showed that exposure to acute stress produced a significant decrease in the activity of rats in the novel environment (open field) and light dark transition box. On the other hand, concomitant elevated level of peripheral markers of oxidative stress such as oxidative enzymes, corticosterone and endogenous leptin were also observed. Therefore, current study seems to suggest an important role of compounds having antioxidant properties for the treatment of stress and related disorders.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Naphtho- and Tetracyclic Diazaquinone Derivatives
Authors: Aesha F SH Abdassalam Aesha F SH Abdassalam , Semih Kurban Semih Kurban , Nahide Gulsah Deniz and Cigdem Sayil Nahide Gulsah Deniz and Cigdem Sayil
Published: January 2022

In this study, new 1,4-naphtho- and 5-nitro-1,4-naphtho derivatives containing N- and N,N-substituted groups which has not been reported yet, have been synthesized from 2,3-dichloronaphthalene-1,4-diones (1,9). Compounds of 2-choloro-3-((2,4,6-triflorophenyl)amino)naphthalene-1,4-dione (3) and 2-chloro-3-((4-florophenyl)amino)naphtalene-1,4-dione (7) were obtained by reactions of 2,3-dichloronaphthalene-1,4-dione 1 with 4-fluoroaniline (6) and 2,4,6-trifloroaniline (2), respectively involving a Michael addition. We reported the cyclization reactions of compounds 1 to benzo[g]pirido[3,2-b]quinoxaline-6,11(5H,12H)-dione (5) synthesized. The N-substituted naphthoquinone 7 was reacted with sodium azide in dimethylformamide and 2-florobenzo[b]phenazin-6,11-dione (8) was obtained as the one cyclized compound. Regioisomers 3-(4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-chloro-5-nitronaphthalene-1,4-dione 11 and 2-(4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-chloro-5-nitronaphthalene-1,4-dione 12 were obtained from reaction of 2,3-dichloro-5-nitronaphthalene-1,4-dione 9 with 1-piperonylpiperazine (10).
Surface Properties of Whey Protein Gels
Authors: Salvador Perez Huertas Salvador Perez Huertas , Konrad Terpi owski and Marta Tomczy ska Mleko Konrad Terpi owski and Marta Tomczy ska Mleko
Published: January 2022

Surface properties of whey protein gels are reviewed based on traditional microscopic techniques and new methods, as optical profilometer and contact angle measurements. Optical profilometer is an instrument allowing measurement of surface roughness and contact angle measurements to determine the surface wettability behavior (hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity) of the gels. Investigation of surface properties of whey protein gels is very important, as it can transform this product to a new level of application. It could be used as a matrix for an active ingredient release, material for tissue engineering, e.g. scaffolds, i.e. temporally structures biodegraded in the human organism.
Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on Properties of Polymer/Fibrous/Nanomaterials Particleboard Composites
Authors: M M Younes M M Younes , H A Abdel Rahman and E Hamed H A Abdel Rahman and E Hamed
Published: January 2022

This investigation aimed to study the role of different contents of nano-slag, as well as various doses of gamma-irradiation on physical and mechanical properties of rice husk-polyvinyl chloride particleboard composites. Equal proportions of rice husk fibers and polyvinyl chloride polymer were used. The treatment of rice husk fibers with silane coupling agent showed a significant improvement in both mechanical and physical properties of the prepared particleboard composites as compared to those containing untreated rice husk fibers. Moreover, the partial replacement of polyvinyl chloride with different percentages of nano-slag namely 5, 10, 15, and 20% by the weight of polymer manifested a good effect on the properties of the resulting particleboard composites precisely at 10%nano-slag. In addition, the effect of different gamma-irradiation doses on the properties of the particleboard composite specimens that contain 10% nano-slag showed an enhancement in the physical (thickness swelling %) and mechanical (flexural strength, and hardness) properties. In addition, the results elaborated that the irradiated particleboard composites had a good thermal stability.
Quality Evaluation of Canola Oils and Deodorizer Distillate during Industrial Processing
Authors: Hadia Shoaib Hadia Shoaib , Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar , Saeeduddin Saeeduddin , Parisa Jafarian Parisa Jafarian , Razieh Niazmand Razieh Niazmand , and Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi and Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi
Published: January 2022

Aim of present study was to evaluate quality of three collected sets of canola oil containing crude oil, neutralized oil, bleached oil, deodorized oil and canola oil deodorizer distillate (DD) form three different edible oil processing industries. Physiochemical properties such as moisture, color, free fatty acid (FFA), acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine value (AV), total oxidative (totox) value, saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), unsaponifiable matter and soap content were evaluated. The results of the present study indicated that each stage of processing has different impact on the determined quality parameters. Overall processing was well controlled and final product i.e. refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) canola oil was found to be fit for human consumption. Only soap contents should be further controlled during neutralization process to avoid extra processing time and losses in the bleaching process. High FFA contents in DD samples indicated that it could be used as a potential and cheap source for biodiesel production.
Synthesis, Structural Chemistry, and Biological Studies on Various Divalent Copper Chelates of Novel Ligands Derived from Food Preservative, Dehydroacetic Acid, with Anilines
Authors: Ahmed Hassan Abdel Salam Ahmed Hassan Abdel Salam
Published: January 2022

Various six coordinated copper(II) complexes of novel (E)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-(1-(p-tolylimino) ethyl-2H-pyran-2-one (HL1) and (E)-3-(1-(4-chlorophenylimino) ethyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (HL2) derived from 3-Acetyl-2-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (dehydroacetic acid, DHA) and aniline derivatives (p-chloroaniline and p-toluidine) were fabricated. The coordination mode of Schiff base donor atoms with copper ions was well investigated by thermal and elemental analyses, FTIR, UV-vis, 1H, 13C-NMR spectral tools and measurements of magnetic susceptibility as well as molar conductance at ambient temperature. The novel neutral bidentate Schiff base ligands (HL1 and HL2) linked to Cu(II) cation via the azomethine-N and hydroxyl-O atoms and to acetate and nitrate anions in bidentate bridging mode to form polymeric octahedral complexes. The thermal study showed the stepwise removal of water of hydration and anions and decomposition of these chelates. The decomposition products were examined and the relative thermal stabilities of these chelates were evaluated. Different parameters of activation were derived from the thermal curves by Coats–Redfern methodology. The degradation steps of the metal complexes had positive free energy values indicating their non-spontaneous nature. The antifungal and antibacterial activities of all investigated compounds were also studied. The magnetic susceptibility measurements and conductance data were investigated and provided evidence for the non-electrolytic character of the complexes.
Potential of Functionalized Magnetite (Fe3O4) in Decontamination of Pathogenic Bacteria from Milk
Authors: Aneela Hameed Aneela Hameed , Hafiza Mehvish Mushtaq Hafiza Mehvish Mushtaq , Saeed Akhtar Saeed Akhtar , Tariq Ismail Tariq Ismail , Majid Hussain Majid Hussain , Ahsan Sattar Sheikh Ahsan Sattar Sheikh , Zulfiqar Ali Merani and Abdul Ghafar Zulfiqar Ali Merani and Abdul Ghafar
Published: January 2022

Magnetite (Fe3O4) is getting popular due to its super-paramagnetic properties, high biocompatibility and lack of toxicity to humans. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have high surface energy thus these nanoparticles aggregate quickly. This aggregation strongly affects the efficiency of these nanoparticles. So these magnetite nanoparticles are coated with organic or inorganic substance to prevent aggregation. These coatings not only stabilize magnetic nanoparticles but can also be used for further functionalization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of functionalized magnetite to remove pathogenic bacteria (E.coli and B.cereus) from milk considering binding capability of magnetite with bacterial cell wall. Magnetite (Fe3O4) was prepared by co-precipitation method and subsequently functionalized with oleic acid (OA) and ethylene diamine (EDA). In present study role of magnetite (Fe3O4) and functionalized magnetite (EDA-Fe3O4, OA-Fe3O4) in removal of pathogenic bacteria (E.coli and B.cereus) from milk was investigated. The morphology of functionalized magnetite was determined by Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM). Their removal efficiency was studied based on time (10, 20 and 30 minutes). Concentration of uncoated magnetite (Fe3O4) and coated magnetite (EDA-Fe3O4, OA-Fe3O4) was fixed at 4mg/50mL. Magnetite was successfully synthesized in range of and#177;3nm. Highest capturing efficiency (74.45%) of oleic acid magnetite (OA-Fe3O4) was observed for Bacillus cereus at 30 minutes. However for Escherichia coli, both ethylene-diamine magnetite (EDA-Fe3O4) and oleic acid magnetite (OA-Fe3O4) showed maximum capturing efficiency (61.65% and 63.91% respectively). It was concluded from the study that magnetite coated with oleic acid and ethylenediamine removed pathogenic bacteria from milk efficiently. However, more research is required to study the effect of these magnetic nanoparticles on nutritional composition of milk.
Structural, Elastic and Electronic Properties of γ˝ Phase Precipitate in Mg-Gd-Zn Alloy
Authors: Mengmeng Wu Mengmeng Wu , Rongkai Pan Rongkai Pan , Jilei Liang Jilei Liang , Guohai Zhou Guohai Zhou , Li Ma and Chunyu Zhang Li Ma and Chunyu Zhang
Published: January 2022

The γ˝ phase (Mg4GdZn) precipitate in Mg-Gd-Zn alloy was calculated via ﬁrst-principle density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation. Through structure optimization of full relaxation, the lattice parameters were theoretically obtained, and the calculated Mg4GdZn is the most energetically stable in view of the formation energy. Independent elastic constants were also calculated, illustrating the calculated Mg4GdZn is mechanically stable. The shear modulus, polycrystalline bulk modulus, Poisson ratio, and Young’s modulus of Mg4GdZn were calculated via the Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation. Elastic anisotropy and ductility were analyzed in details. Seen from their charge density distribution and electronic density of states, both metallic bond and covalent bond were found in Mg4GdZn.
Purification and Biochemical Properties of Acid Phosphatase Enzyme from Seedlings of Rumex dentatus (Curly dock)
Authors: Umber Zaman Umber Zaman , Rubina Naz Rubina Naz , Asma Saeed Asma Saeed , Jaweria Gul Jaweria Gul , Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti and Ahmad Saeed Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti and Ahmad Saeed
Published: January 2022

The study was designed to purify enzyme from weed plant in association with wheat crop to assess and compare the purification and biochemical properties with acid phosphatases of seedlings of various plants. Acid phosphatase from seedlings of Rumex dentatus (Curly dock) was purified by different chromatography and chromatofocusing techniques with specific activity of 63U/mg of protein. The yield was about 3%. Single band was detected on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirming the enzyme was homogeneous. Apparent molecular weight of 48 kDa was obtained. Gel filtration experiment indicated that native enzyme had a approximately molecular weight of 96 kDa, suggesting that this enzyme is homodimer. The enzyme showed Km value of 0.5 mM and Vmax of 60 and#181;M of p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysed/min/mg of protein under experimental conditions. The optimum pH of 5.0 and temperature of 50and#176;C were obtained. Divalent cations such as copper and zinc ions caused acid phosphatase inhibition but the presence of 20 mM EDTA in the enzyme-metal ions incubation mixtures reversed the enzyme inhibition to some extent. The activity of 54 % and 63% were recovered back, respectively. Ca2+ and Mg2+ had very small activating effect on activity in the absence or presence of EDTA. The reaction of enzyme with iodoacetic acid or N-ethyl-maleimide had no inhibitory effect, pointing to a non-involvement of cysteine residues in enzyme action. Further, β-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol at low concentrations had very little activating effect revealing that SH-group containing amino acid in the enzyme may not be significant for its catalytic activity. The pH dependent variation of Km study showed that histidine may constitute a part of the active site. Acid phosphatase was competitively inhibited by phosphate and vanadate. Fluoride and Zn2+ acted as non-competitive inhibitors while molybdate showed mixed type of inhibition.
Enzymatic Synthesis of KDN-Containing Sialylated Lactuloses and their Bacteriostatic Activities on Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Jie Zeng Jie Zeng , Ruiyao Zhang Ruiyao Zhang , Saddam Muthana Saddam Muthana , Haiyan Gao Haiyan Gao , Mengdi Song Mengdi Song , Tian Jia Tian Jia , Jikai Jiang Jikai Jiang , Meng Cao Meng Cao , Kexin Meng and Junliang Sun Kexin Meng and Junliang Sun
Published: January 2022

Sialic acids are found in various biological tissues and are known to play important roles in many biological processes. However, many sialylated oligosaccharides are not adequately available to study their biological functions and potential uses. Herein, we reported an efficient synthetic approach to obtain sialylated lactulose containing deaminoneuraminc acid (KDN). Both KDNα2,3lactulose and KDNα2,6lactulose were synthesized via one-pot multienzyme sialylation system. The bacteriostatic activities of these two sialylated lactuloses against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were analyzed by using approach of optical density OD600 measurements. In addition, integrity of cell membrane of S. aureus was examined by fluorescence analysis, protein leakage quantification and electron scanning microscope (SEM). The results showed that the maximum inhibition ratios of KDNα2,3lactulose and KDNα2,6lactulose within the first 10 h was up to 34.33% and 32.18%, respectively. KDNα2,3lactulose displayed slightly better inhibition against the growth of S. aureus than that of KDNα2,6lactulose. The addition of KDNα2,3lactulose and KDNα2,6lactulose caused a significant decrease (pandlt;0.05) in fluorescence intensity compared with control to 47.05and#177;3.06% and 51.16and#177;2.40, respectively, indicated that those two sialylated lactuloses had some extent interference with nucleic acids synthesis or caused decomposition of nucleic acids in S. aureus cells. Fluorescence microscopy results showed that S. aureus of KDNα2,3lactulose and KDNα2,6lactulose group present obvious loss of viability. The leakage amount of proteins in S. aureus treated with KDNα2,3lactulose and KDNα2,6lactulose increased by 223 μg/mL and 205.4 μg/mL, respectively. The morphological alterations on the cells observed by SEM confirmed that KDN-containing sialylated lactuloses possessed antibacterial activities. In a word, KDN-containing sialylated lactuloses have certain effects on inhibiting the growth of S. aureus.
Первая достоверная находка каштановой минирующей моли Cameraria ohridella Deschka et Dimić 1986 на территории Нижнего Новгорода
Authors: Аникин Василий Викторович , Сажнев Алексей Сергеевич
Published: January 2022

Приведены сведения о первой находке Cameraria ohridella Deschka et Dimić 1986 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) – инвазивного фитофага конского каштана (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) на территории г. Нижнего Новгорода в 2021 году. Специфика повреждений и число мин на листьях свидетельствует о развитии вида в 2 генерациях в городских насаждениях каштана конского. Проникновение каштанового минера в крупный город Верхней Волги в 2021 году закрывает вопрос о его «полном» захвате поволжских городов от Волгограда до Москвы за период с 2005 по 2021 гг.
К орнитофауне памятника природы «Урочище "Буданова гора"» (Саратовская область, Россия)
Authors: Мельников Евгений Юрьевич
Published: January 2022

Приведены сведения о гнездовой фауне птиц памятника природы регионального значения «Урочище "Буданова гора"» (Саратовская область, Россия). В течение 2011–2021 гг. обследованы два кластерных участка этой охраняемой территории: эрозионный останец с окружающими степными участками и овражно-балочная сеть из пяти оврагов. Выявлены преобладающие виды птиц, обобщены и актуализированы данные о редких видах, в том числе включенных в Красные книги Саратовской области и России: филине (Bubo bubo), сизоворонке (Coracias garrulus), обыкновенной горлице (Streptopelia turtur). Оценены изменения в составе гнездовой орнитофауны за 10 лет, а также проведено сравнение с более ранними данными, опубликованными в литературе. Наибольшее разнообразие птиц характерно для овражно-балочной сети второго кластерного участка, благодаря наличию здесь склерофильных видов, гнездящихся в обрывах: золотистой щурки (Merops apiaster), сизоворонки, каменки-плешанки (Oenanthe pleshanka), удода (Upupa epops).
Клёны (Acer L.) Ботанического сада Петра Великого Ботанического института им. В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наук
Authors: Фирсов Геннадий Афанасьевич , Ткаченко Кирилл Гавриилович , Трофимова Анна Сергеевна
Published: January 2022

Род клён (Acer L.; Sapindaceae) включает около 170 видов. Виды этого рода очень значимы в дендрологии. Их широко используют в городском озеленении. За почти 310-летнюю историю Ботанического сада Петра Великого Ботанического института им. В.Л. Комарова РАН было испытано порядка 150 видов. В настоящее время в коллекции парка Ботанического сада представлен 71 таксон (виды и декоративные формы). Род клён является ведущим по числу видов и форм среди всех древесных растений, культивируемых в Санкт-Петербурге, очень важный в декоративной дендрологии и городском озеленении. Изучение коллекции клёнов Ботанического сада Петра Великого показало, что многие виды и формы могут быть рекомендованы для внедрения в практику городского озеленения. Для семенного размножения следует отбирать семена классов 4 и 5, которые гарантировано будут обеспечивать сеянцами питомники.

 

БлагодарностиРабота выполнена в рамках госзадания по плановой теме «Коллекции живых растений Ботанического института им. В.Л. Комарова (история, современное состояние, перспективы использования)», № АААА-А18-118032890141 – 4.