bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TAMBANG: STUDI KASUS SENGKETA ANTARA MASYARAKAT SAMAWA DENGAN PT. NEWMONT NUSA TENGGARA
Authors: H.S. H. Salim , Abdullah Idrus
Published: August 2023

Exploration activity in Batu Hijau and Elang Dodo has been conducted since contract of work was settled between PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara and government of Indonesia. In practical level, dispute arose out between local people of Samawa ethnicity and the government Indonesia against PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Research show, that the causing factors for the dispute are, among other things, the unresolved compensation, workforce issue, and an unexpected their party intervening into the contract. The society wishes to resolve this dispute through adat law by negotiating or mediating with adat leaders as the mediator. Kegiatan eksplorasi di Batu Hijau dan Elang Dodo dilakukan sejak kontrak karya disetujui antara PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara dengan Pemerintah Indonesia. Dalam praktiknya, kontrak ini menimbulkan sengketa antara masyarakat etnis Samawa dan pemerintah Indonesia melawan PT. Newmont Nusa Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab terjadinya sengketa antara lain adalah belum dipenuhinya permintaan ganti rugi, masalah ketenagakerjaan, serta adanya pihak ketiga yang masuk dalam kontrak. Masyarakat menginginkan penyelesaian secara adat melalui negosiasi atau mediasi tetua adat.
PENERAPAN ASAS ITIKAD BAIK TAHAP PRAKONTRAKTUAL PADA PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI PERUMAHAN
Authors: Innaka Antari , Rusdiana Sa’ida , Sularto Mr.
Published: August 2023

The good faith principle is present in the pre-contractual stage of Preliminary House Sale and Purchase Agreement because all three contractual stages are also characterised by good faith. This Preliminary Agreement precedes the actual House Sale and Purchase Agreement and we submit that the Preliminary Agreement is legally binding provided that it be honestly entered to. The legal remedy that is available for consumers who find the promises of their property agent in the Preliminary Agreement not included in the actual House Sale and Purchase Agreement is the Decree of State Minister for Public Housing No. 09/KPTS/M/1995. Asas itikad baik dilaksanakan dalam tahap prakontraktual pada perjanjian pendahuluan jual beli rumah karena ketiga tahapan kontrak selalu mengandung itikad baik. Dalam jual beli rumah ada perjanjian pendahuluan yang mendahului perjanjian jual beli yang sesungguhnya. Perjanjian pendahuluan itu tetap mempunyai kekatan mengikat berdasarkan kejujuran. Perlindungan hukum yang dapat digunakan konsumen ketika apa yang diperjanjikan oleh developer tidak tercantum dalam perjanjian pendahuluan adalah ketentuan Keputusan Menteri Negara Perumahan Rakyat No. 09/KPTS/M/1995.
SOCIALISERING PROCESS HUKUM PERBURUHAN DALAM ASPEK KEBIJAKAN PENGUPAHAN
Authors: Saprudin Mr.
Published: August 2023

The government’s intervention in wage policies started during the Old Order era with the enactment of Act Number 33 of 1947 on Accidents. During the New Order era the government expanded its intervention in wage policies by taking into effect Government Regulation Number 8 of 1981 on Wage Protection. Subsequently, during the Reformation era the government imposed further limitations to the administration of rules Private Law in matters of wage. As an impact of the socialisering process undertaken from period to period, the government has established various laws on wages intended to provide legal protection to workers. In other words, throughout those periods there has been a significant progress in terms of legal protection to workers in matters of wages. Campur tangan pemerintah di bidang pengupahan diawali pada era Orde Lama, yakni pada saat diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 1947 tentang Kecelakaan. Di era Orde Baru, peran pemerintah di bidang pengupahan semakin besar yaitu dengan ditetapkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Perlindungan Upah. Selanjutnya, di era reformasi pemerintah semakin membatasi ketentuan-ketentuan yang bersifat Hukum Privat di bidang pengupahan. Akibat socialisering process ialah di setiap periodisasi pemerintah telah menetapkan berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang pengupahan yang bertujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja/buruh. Dengan kata lain, di setiap periodisasi tersebut telah terjadi upaya peningkatan perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja/ buruh di bidang pengupahan.
TANGGUNG JAWAB DIREKSI DALAM KEPAILITAN PERSEROAN TERBATAS BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERSEROAN TERBATAS
Authors: Kurniawan Mr.
Published: August 2023

In running their duties, the board of directors are given rights and full authority to represent the company as long as they act in conformity to the corporation’s Article of Associations. The directors of a limited liability company have both internal and external responsibilities. Internal responsibility includes the Directors’ liability towards the Company and its Shareholders, meanwhile external responsibility covers the Directors’ liability towards third parties to whom the company owes direct or indirect legal connection. There are two approaches to reason the effect of insolvency order to directors of a limited liability, i.e. ‘by operation of law’ and ‘rule of reason’. Dalam menjalankan tugasnya, direksi diberikan hak dan kekuasaan penuh mewakili perseroan, sepanjang bertindak sesuai dengan Anggaran Dasar perseroan. Tanggung jawab direksi perseroan terbatas terdiri dari tanggung jawab yang bersifat internal dan eksternal. Tanggung jawab internal meliputi tanggung jawab Direksi terhadap Perseroan dan Para Pemegang Saham, sedangkan tanggung jawab eksternal berupa tanggung jawab Direksi terhadap pihak ketiga yang berhubungan hukum dengan Perseroan, baik langsung maupun tidak langsung. Terdapat 2 (dua) model pemberlakuan akibat hukum pernyataan pailit direksi perseroan terbatas, yaitu akibat berlaku demi hukum dan akibat berlaku secara rule of reason.
PENERAPAN ASAS UMUM PEMERINTAHAN YANG BAIK DALAM SISTEM PELAYANAN PERIZINAN SATU PINTU
Authors: Haryati Dwi , Suharsono Triyanto , Yuniza Mailinda Eka
Published: August 2023

This study will discuss the implementation of General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB) in the One Stop Licensing System in the city of Yogyakarta. Some things that would be an important consideration in this study were changes to Local Government Law No. 22 of 1999 as Law No. 32 of 2004 and its consequence, the issuance of Government Regulation No. 84 of 2000 governing the organization’s guidelines in the area of technical authority in issuing permits and Ministerial Decree No. PAN 63/KEP/M.PAN/7/2003 On Implementation Guidelines for Public Service and Administrative Reform Decree No. 26/KEP/M.PAN/2/2004 About Help Technical Transparency and Accountability. Penelitian ini akan membahas penerapan Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik (AUPB) dalam Sistem Perijinan Satu Pintu di Kota Yogyakarta. Beberapa hal yang akan menjadi pertimbangan penting dalam penelitian ini adalah Perubahan UU Otonomi Daerah Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 menjadi UU Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 beserta konsekuensinya. Penerbitan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 84 Tahun 2000 yang mengatur tentang pedoman organisasi perangkat daerah dalam kewenangan teknisnya mengeluarkan ijin di daerah serta Kepmen PAN Nomor 63/KEP/M.PAN/7/2003 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Publik dan Keputusan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara Nomor 26/KEP/M. PAN/2/2004 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas.
AKIBAT PEMILIHAN FORUM DALAM KONTRAK YANG MEMUAT KLAUSA ARBITRASE
Authors: Sutiyoso Bambang
Published: August 2023

Our research attempts to understand the absolute competence of arbitration and its development in practice as well as the effect of the parties' choice of jurisdiction in a contract containing arbitration clause. This research is expected to be able to explain the competence dispute between arbitration and court to justiciables. We find that choice in jurisdiction would negate the rights of the parties to submit their dispute to district court. In practice, deviation where courts may ignore the arbitration clause, the parties' good faith and consistency of the court play a significant role to further develop the arbitration process. Penelitian yuridis-normatif ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kompetensi absolut arbitrase dan perkembangannya dalam praktik, serta akibat hukum pilihan forum dalam kontrak berklausula arbitrase bagi para pihak yang berpekara. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menerangkan para pencari keadilan perihal sengketa kewenangan mengadili antara arbitrase dan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pilihan forum akan meniadakan hak para pihak dan sikap pengadilan yang konsisten memiliki peranan besar untuk mengembangkan arbitrase.
Prinsip Transparansi dalam Perjanjian TBT dan SPS
Authors: Kariodimedjo Dina Widyaputri
Published: August 2023

Transparency principle in the TBT and SPS Agreement is implemented by notification. Its application is prepared by related agencies through the making of regulations, establishment of enquiry points, building capacity and infrastructure. It guarantees certainty, predictability and credibility of Indonesia in international trade, and its application should not undermine national trade policy. Prinsip transparansi dalam Perjanjian TBT dan SPS diterapkan melalui notifikasi. Penerapan prinsip ini dilakukan oleh instansi-instansi terkait melalui pembuatan peraturan, upaya terkait kelembagaan, SDM dan infrastruktur. Prinsip yang bertujuan menciptakan kepastian, konsistensi bagi perdagangan dan kredibilitas Indonesia dalam perdagangan internasional, harus dilakukan tanpa mengorbankan kepentingan untuk mengamankan kebijakan impor nasional.
PENAFSIRAN HUKUM PROGRESIF DALAM PERKARA PIDANA
Authors: Christianto Hwian
Published: August 2023

The progressive law perspective emphasizes discovery of law as an effort to explore the community’s living values. We hold that this perspective suits the need of Indonesian people. Pancasila shall be the absolute limit for judicial authority in interpreting law in order to ensure that discovery of law is in accordance with the ideals of Indonesian nation. Aliran hukum progresif menekankan penemuan hukum sebagai upaya menggali nilai-nilai yang hidup di masyarakat. Pemikiran ini memang sangat sesuai dengan kebutuhan hukum masyarakat Indonesia. Pancasila menjadi batasan yang mutlak bagi kekuasaan kehakiman dalam melakukan penafsiran sehingga penemuan hukum benar-benar terarah sesuai dengan cita-cita bangsa Indonesia.
PENGATURAN HUKUM DAERAH KEPULAUAN
Authors: Leatemia Johanis
Published: August 2023

Archipelagic regions (province, regencies and municipalities) characterised by territorial sea consisting of archipelagos. The archipelagic region plays important roles in the process of recognition of Indonesia as an archipelagic state. However, no proper regulation is currently in force. Daerah kepulauan (provinsi dan kabupaten/ kota) merupakan daerah yang karakteristiknya terdiri dari lautan yang luas dengan pulau-pulau kecil yang membentuk gugusan pulau. Daerah kepulauan menjadi faktor dominan dalam pengakuan Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan. Akan tetapi belum mendapat pengaturan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan nasional.
KAJIAN KASUS BLBI: PENGGESERAN HUKUM PUBLIK KE DALAM LAPANGAN HUKUM PRIVAT
Authors: Achmad Aang
Published: August 2023

We identify tendency where corruption cases are resolved under civil law provisions rather than criminal law. Apparently, UNCAC 2003, as ratified by Act 7/2006, is the basis for examining BLBI scandal under Inpres 8/2002 concerning ‘release and discharge’ policy. Examination of corruption crimes seems to embark on to private law aspects. Korupsi diberikan sarana penyelesaian sengketa melalui aspek hukum perdata (litigasi/non-litigasi). Hal ini sejalan dengan UNCAC 2003, yang diratifikasi dengan UU No. 7 Tahun 2006 yang menjadi landasan penyelesaian kasus BLBI melalui Inpres No. 8 Tahun 2002 tentang release and discharge. Terjadi pergeseran hukum pidana menjadi hukum perdata dalam menyelesaikan perkara korupsi.
DOES THE CURRENT REGIONAL AUTONOMY SUPPORT LEGAL PLURALISM IN INDONESIA?
Authors: Omara Andy
Published: August 2023

This article attempts to analyse Indonesia’s legal system. We will discuss how the dynamics of constitutional arrangement affect regional authorities. The correlation between regional autonomy and legal pluralism, for instance the unique implementation of sharia law in Aceh province, will also be discussed. Tulisan ini membahas sistem hukum Indonesia. Dalam tulisan ini akan dianalisis bagaimana dinamika aturan konstitusi mempengaruhi kewenangan daerah. Hubungan antara otonomi daerah dengan pluralisme sistem hukum, misalnya penerapan hukum syariah di provinsi Aceh, juga akan dibahas di sini.
UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA TERORISME di Indonesia
Authors: Firmansyah Hery
Published: August 2023

Terrorism has become the most serious issue in Indonesia after terrorist attacks in Bali, November 2002. With the current condition where Indonesia still faces a key risk of new militant attacks with new cells and more bomb experts, this paper aims to analyse the way Indonesian government fight against terrorism. Terorisme adalah permasalahan yang sangat serius di Indonesia, pasca serangan bom di Bali pada November 2002. Dengan keadaan sekarang di mana Indonesia masih menghadapi permasalahan serius serangan militan dengan jaringan baru dan lebih banyak ahli bom, tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis cara yang ditempuh pemerintah untuk melakukan penanggulangan tindak pidana terorisme.
EKSISTENSI PEMILUKADA DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH YANG DEMOKRATIS
Authors: Simamora Janpatar
Published: August 2023

Local direct election is an attempt to realise an integral system of democracy and to encourage concept of popular sovereignty. The numerous obstacles on the way are challenges that eventually will help shaping the prevailing system to a more democratic one.Pemilihan umum kepala daerah secara langsung adalah merupakan sarana sekaligus upaya mewujudkan sistem demokrasi secara utuh serta sebagai langkah merealisasikan kedaulatan rakyat. Kendati dalam perjalanannya muncul sejumlah persoalan yang mengiringinya, namun hal itu haruslah dipandang sebagai tantangan sekaligus bagian dari proses pematangan dalam rangka mewujudkan pemerintahan daerah yang lebih demokratis.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP TERSANGKA DALAM PENYIDIKAN DARI KEKERASAN PENYIDIK DI KEPOLISIAN RESORT BANYUMAS
Authors: Raharjo Agus , Angkasa Mr.
Published: August 2023

The state has failed to ensure legal protection for investigated suspects from violence committed by the police. Perpetrators of violence in Banyumas Police Resort were left untouched by law. This human rights violations continue to take place because they enjoy protection from their direct supervisors and police institutions.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negara telah gagal memberi perlindungan hukum kepada tersangka dalam penyidikan dari kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh polisi. Pelaku kekerasan (penyidik) selama ini di Polres Banyumas tidak tersentuh hukum. Pelanggaran HAM ini terus berlangsung karena adanya pemberian perlindungan kepada mereka, baik dari atasan langsung maupun institusi Polri.
Keadilan Bagi yang Berbeda Paham: Rekonsiliasi dan Keadilan Bagi Korban Tragedi 1965
Authors: Wardaya Manunggal Kusuma
Published: August 2023

Human rights enforcement is one improperly- accomplished agenda in this post-1998 democratisation. Severe human rights violations such as 1965 Tragedy remain obscure, nonlitigation resolution (e.g. recognition and compensation) is considered the best solution. Recognition also is a form of respect to human rights and a stepping stone to resolve other tragedies.  Penegakan HAM merupakan salah satu agenda demokratisasi yang belum sepenuhnya tercapai. Pelanggaran-pelanggaran HAM berat seperti Tragedi 1965 masih belum jelas sehingga penyelesaian nonlitigasi (pengakuan dan kompensasi), dianggap sebagai solusi yang terbaik. Pengakuan tersebut merupakan bentuk tanggungjawab untuk menghormati HAM dan menjadi batu loncatan untuk mengungkap tragedi HAM lainnya.
Sistem Peradilan Satu Atap dan Perwujudan Negara Hukum RI Menurut UU No. 4 Tahun 2004
Authors: Butarbutar Elisabeth Nurhaini
Published: August 2023

Amendment to our constitution has changed the Indonesian judiciary system by explicitly stipulating the conception of rule of law. As the consequences, principle of independent judiciary must be cherished. The manifestation of such principle is strengthened by the ‘one roof judiciary system’ with the Supreme Court as the highest court. Perubahan atas konstitusi kita turut mengubah sistem kekuasaan kehakiman Indonesia dengan menuangkan secara eksplisit konsepsi negara hukum Indonesia. Sebagai konsekuensinya, maka jaminan prinsip penyelenggaraan kekuasaan kehakiman yang merdeka merupakan suatu keharusan. Perwujudan prinsip tersebut diperkuat melalui ‘sistem peradilan satu atap’ dengan Mahkamah Agung sebagai lembaga tertinggi.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Bisnis Syariah
Authors: Mardani Mr.
Published: August 2023

The fast development of Islamic economic system in Indonesia stimulates a number of sharia-based businesses. This writing discusses the settlement methods of shariabased business disputes through Islamic arbitration, mediation, and court trial process whereby the parties may choose to be tried under the jurisdiction of district court or Islamic court.  Ekonomi Islam di Indonesia berkembang pesat sehingga memunculkan berbagai bentuk bisnis yang berbasis syariah. Tulisan ini akan membahas berbagai cara penyelesaian sengketa bisnis yang berbasis syariah, seperti melalui arbitrase Islam, mediasi, atau melalui proses peradilan di mana para pihak dapat memilih forum penyelesaian; di pengadilan negeri atau pengadilan agama.
Jaminan dalam Transaksi Akad Mudharabah pada Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Hulam Taufiqul
Published: August 2023

Classic Muslim scholars disaffirm collateral provisions in mudaraba financing, arguing that mudaraba is supposed to be based on mutual co-operation and confidence. Alas, in order to avert fraudulent claims, ijtihad istihsan reasoning is employed, hence burdening mudarib with collateral provision pursuant to Bank Indonesia Regulation and National Sharia Council’s fatwas. Ulama klasik berpendapat bahwa lembaga jaminan dalam transaksi mudharabah tidaklah diperlukan karena transaksi ini didasarkan atas sikap saling membutuhkan dan saling percaya. Namun demi menghindari praktik-praktik curang, dewasa ini metode interpretasi ijtihad istihsan digunakan sehingga mudharib dibebani dengan jaminan sesuai dengan Peraturan Bank Indonesia dan fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional.
Pemaknaan Hakim tentang Korupsi dan Implikasinya Pada Putusan: Kajian Perspektif Hermeneutika Hukum
Authors: Syamsudin Muhammad
Published: August 2023

Answering the increasing rate of acquittal verdicts handed on corruption charges, this study analyses judges’ interpretation of corruption and its implication to their judgements. We find that judges perceive corruption in either narrow or broad interpretations. Narrow approach tends to result in acquittal while broad interpretation ends in guilty verdicts. Dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena jamaknya putusan bebas terhadap tersangka korupsi di pengadilan umum, studi ini mempelajari pemaknaan hakim akan korupsi dan implikasinya terhadap putusan. Hasil studi menemukan bahwa terdapat dua pemaknaan hakim tentang korupsi: pemaknaan sempit dan luas. Pemaknaan sempit cenderung menghasilkan putusan bebas, sedangkan pemaknaan luas cenderung melahirkan putusan bersalah.
Urgensi Ratifikasi The 2001 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants bagi Indonesia
Authors: Santoso Wahyu Yun
Published: August 2023

Pollution has become one of the most significant problems in the environmental issues. Aside the effect of the pollution, another substantial factor of pollution is the character of the pollutant. Among several pollutant substances in the world, there are twelve main persistent organic pollutants, which are still in large and freely mobilized in our environment. On November 2001, the United Nations Environmental Program has issued a convention about persistent organic pollutants. So many enthusiasms from the states about this progress, as well as Indonesia did. However, after more than seven years, Indonesia has not submitted the ratification paper of this convention. This paper aims to analyze and elaborate the issues behind this convention and the urgency of submitting the ratification of Indonesian government.
Anti-Avoidance Rules di Indonesia Pasca Amandemen UU Pajak Penghasilan
Authors: Nugroho Adrianto Dwi
Published: August 2023

The fourth amendment to the Indonesian Income Tax Act (UU PPh) has inserted three new provisions encountering three newly-identified tax avoidance schemes. However, the previous regulations in respect of thin capitalization, CFC and interest stripping were not carefully be given attention and be made in conformity with their newest developments. As an illustration, the term “company” has never been defined in the Act. Instead, the Act introduces the same term in the conduit company rules. Another example involves the CFC rule which does not put additional provisions to define “control”. Another interesting development is the regulation of the International-hiring out of labor which instead of making it in conformity with the OECD MC, the rule empowers the country to increase the taxable income of an employee in respect of employment excercised abroad. This article attempts to demonstrate how the Indonesian anti-avoidance rules work out and prove how taxpayers may well, ironically, abuse those rules.
Efektivitas Pemberlakuan Electoral Quota dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2003 tentang Pemilihan Umum dalam Meningkatkan Jumlah Perempuan di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia Periode 2004-2009
Authors: Omara Andy
Published: August 2023

In Indonesia, women’s participation, particularly in parliament, has been intensively discussed in 2002. The extensive discussions continued in 2003 especially after the enactment of General Election Law. The enactment of this law is significant since it contained a provision regarding thirty percent quota for women, a provision which never appeared in the previous legislation. This provision is intended to increase the number of women in the legislature. This is based on the fact that in Indonesia the number of women is higher than that of men. The lack of women in parliament is perhaps one of the causes why issues about women rarely became a priority in government policy making. The significant number of women in parliament could be a way to articulate women’s interests in government policy making. This paper will specifically examine the implementation of ‘thirty percent quotas for women’ to increase the number of women in the Indonesian parliament. It argues that even though there is an effort to increase the number of women in parliament through electoral quotas, such an effort is not sufficient to increase the number of women in parliament. Electoral quotas may gain better result if it combines with the change of political culture and the change of government policy. In doing so, other actors such as political parties and the government should be involved. Political parties and the government should be more gender sensitive (women friendly) in policy making.
Implementasi Standar Internasional Hak Ekosob oleh Pemerintah Propinsi DIY
Authors: Triyana Heribertus Jaka , Aminoto Mr.
Published: August 2023

This research focuses on the application of the internationally-standardized rights to healthcare and education during the course of decentralization in Yogyakarta. Local government must ensure citizens’ Ecosoc rights before passing education or healthcare-related policies. Results show that the implementation of international standards on healthcare is better than on education.  Fokus penelitian ini adalah penerapan standar internasional dalam hak atas kesehatan dan pendidikan selama kebijakan desentralisasi di Yogyakarta. Pemerintah setempat harus menjamin hak-hak Ekosob masyarakat sebelum menerbitkan kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan dan kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan standar internasional di bidang kesehatan lebih berhasil daripada di bidang pendidikan.
RELEVANSI KEIKUTSERTAAN INDONESIA DALAM INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION OF MARKS MADRID SYSTEM MELALUI RATIFIKASI MADRID PROTOCOL TERHADAP POTENSI PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING BANGSA INDONESIA DI BIDANG PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Nurhayati Irna , Merdekawati Agustina
Published: August 2023

Protection of marks is relied on first to file principle, which means that mark protection will only be given by registration. The marks registration can be done through both national and international registration. The Madrid Protocol is an international marks registration within Madrid System, which is one of several international marks registration systems in the world. Indonesia now is still studying the benefits and detriments that would be reached if it joined in the Madrid Protocol. The research found that, first; the Madrid Protocol has both advantages and disadvan­tages. Second; Indonesia would gain much benefit by joining in this system. However, many things should be prepared well in order to minimize the detriment that would occur.
KONTRAK STANDAR: ANTARA PRINSIP KEHATI-HATIAN BANK DAN PERLINDUNGAN NASABAH DEBITUR
Authors: Sugarda Paripurna P.
Published: August 2023

The existence of standard contract or standard agreement are something that we have to accept. It might be an efficient, practical, fast and effective way for business people. It can bring many advantages, particularly for a mass production of contract which requires a standard  for such contract. On the other side, consumer for instance, it is an option which less favorable since he has to decide which option he is going to take it or leave it. Therefore, on a standard contract, the less the chance for opposite party to negotiate or to amend any clauses on such contract. This paper will answer three question, that is, the first, how does Indonesian law implement prudential principle in loan contract. The second, why does standard contract has many weakness. The third, how does Indonesian Banking implement prudential principle on standard contract which they make.
PERUBAHAN SOSIAL KEDUDUKAN DAN PERAN MAMAK TERHADAP ANAK DAN KEMENAKAN DI RANAH MINANG
Authors: Natin Sri
Published: August 2023

The result of this research proved that origin of mother’s position and role is very closed to the child and nephew/niece because the cultural concept based on equality of status among human being makes the harmony of life between man and woman. Because of the position of sumondonese is not as high as one in community of Patriarkhi to encourage obtaining child (quality of self competence of knowledge and science) by wandering. The social change of mother’s position and role is likely caused by 2 reasons; Different view of phenomenon that nature must change, time must rotate and experience is a teacher. Change of father’s position as sumondonese (the honor guest) becomes a father in family of Batih. The improvement of education and social status of nephew/niece, some mothers feel reluctant to guide the nephew/niece. Less intensity of relation is caused by far distance of residence, meanwhile the economic condition is very limited, caused by  mother’s various activities as well. Change of relative member’s behavior is caused by lack of attention and care or mother may be sel. sh, therefore the faithfulness of nephew/niece decreases.
MODEL PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA LINGKUNGAN MELALUI LEMBAGA ALTERNATIF
Authors: Absori Mr. , Dimyati Khuzaefah , Wardiono Kelik
Published: August 2023

Resolving environmental dispute through court litigation often ends up with failure. As a consequence, society in ccoperation with Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) and environmental organization prefer to use Alternative Dispute resolution (ADR) to reslove environmental dispute. In this regard, mediation is often chosen by the parties as it promotes a “win-win solution”. Moreover, mediation offers efficient, cheap and fast dispute resolution process. However, Indonesian law has not adequately accomodated the use of ADR in environmental dispute. As a consequence, the problem of legal certainty often come up. In order to overcome this situation, it is important to develop a mediation process that ensures the legal certainty for both of the disputants. This can be done by developing a mediation forum which is legalized by court.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES ON DISPLACEMENT: INSTITUTIONALISASI NILAI-NILAI KEMANUSIAAN DALAM INSTRUMEN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Riyanto Sigit
Published: August 2023

This paper examined the process and prospect of the institutionalization of humanitarian values in the international instrument adopted by the United Nations in 1998. As a matter of fact, since the adoption by the United Nations in 1998, this instrument has been disseminated widely and, has been used by various international organisations (both UN Agencies and non UN Agencies), regional organisations, state and non-state entities as guidance in dealing with the internal displacement crisis. Some states even incorporated the principles embodied in this instrument into their national legislation. It has to be noted that The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement clarify any grey areas that might exist, and address the gaps identified in the existing international legal system. Accordingly, this instrument should be treated as common platform for international community in the efforth of protecting and assisting internally displaced persons throughout the world.
PEMBERIAN HAK DALAM PEMANFAATAN TANAH PESISIR PANTAI UNTUK TRANSMIGRASI RING I DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO
Authors: Wibawanti Erna Sri , Harjiyatni Francisca Romana
Published: August 2023

The research concludes that the type of land rights given to transmigrant is not accordance with the provisions in the Act no. 15 of 1997 on Transmigration. According to this Act, the type of land for transmigration is an ownership right. Meanwhile, the type of lands on Ring I Transmigration is right to utilize the land. This is because the land is owned by Paku Alam (Paku Alam Grond/Paku AlamGround). The Staffs at Pakualaman will issue a licensing letter to the tranmigrants for using the lands. The lands in original place of transmigrants is still owned by them. Apart from difficulties faced by transmigrants, most respondents are satisfied with the Ring I Transmigration . However, they hope the local government can provide them a stronger type of land right, the owner right. They also hope that the government can establish more facilities in the transmigration areas , such as road, electricity and agriculture equipments.
The Application and Impact of Artificial Intelligence in International Chinese Language Education: A Case Study of ChatGPT
Authors: Wang Lin
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to explore how artificial intelligence technology plays a role in the field of international Chinese language education and its impact on Chinese teaching and learning. Taking ChatGPT as an example, this paper introduces its principle, function and advantages, analyzes its application scenarios and effects in Chinese education, discusses its possible challenges and problems, as well as its future development direction and suggestions. This paper argues that ChatGPT is a natural language generation technology based on deep learning, which can generate smooth, logical and emotional Chinese conversations based on user input. ChatGPT can provide diversified, personalized and interactive learning resources and teaching aids in international Chinese education, which is helpful to improve the quality and efficiency of Chinese teaching, stimulate learners’ learning motivation and interest, and promote cross-cultural communication and understanding. At the same time, ChatGPT also has some technical limitations and hidden dangers in social ethics. It is necessary to arouse the attention and vigilance of teachers and learners, reasonably regulate and use the technology, and ensure the healthy development of data security and man-machine relationship. This paper hopes to provide some reference and inspiration for the application of artificial intelligence technology in international Chinese education.
The Current Situation, Hot Spots, and Suggestions on the Education Research of the “Four Histories” in Universities—Visualization Analysis Based on CiteSpace
Authors: Zhang Sai , Yuan Jing
Published: August 2023

Universities are an important support for cultivating qualified socialist builders and reliable successors. Carrying out “Four Histories” education in universities is of great significance in enhancing the political, ideological, and emotional identity of college students, and fully implementing the fundamental task of cultivating morality and cultivating talents. Using CiteSpace to visualize and analyze the current status and hotspots of the “Four Histories” education research in Chinese universities, and then construct a scientific knowledge graph. Research has found that the number of publications in this field has shown a gradually increasing trend over time; The cooperation between researchers and publishing institutions is loose, and a highly cohesive research group has not yet formed; The research topics mainly focus on universities, college students, ideological and political courses, the new era, value implications, and practical paths; There is relatively little research on the “Four Histories” education in vocational colleges; Scholars generally use theoretical research and rarely use empirical research. Promoting the education of “Four Histories” in universities should strengthen communication and cooperation among ideological and political workers in universities, and build a strong collaborative research community. Continuously adapting to changes in the international situation and meeting the growth needs of young college students.
Study on Pollution and Control of Rural Ecological Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area—A Case Study of Xicun, Xintian Town, Wanzhou District, Chongqing
Authors: He Zhangjian
Published: August 2023

Under the background of urbanization and rural revitalization, along with the continuous development of rural economy in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, a series of rural ecological environment also follows. Through the investigation of Xicheng Village of Xintian Town, we fully understand the current situation and problems of local rural ecology, and put forward various suggestions for these problems. Maintaining the ecological environment of Xishan village in Xintian Town can not only stimulate the development of local economy, but also affect the steady development of the green sustainable development road of the whole northeast Chongqing region. Xishan Village of Xintian Town should clearly establish the goal of “ecological economy demonstration of overall development of urban and rural areas”, adhere to the principle of “development on the point, protection on the surface”, take the road of green development, and realize the road to wealth of green mountains and green water on Jinshan and Yinshan as soon as possible. Based on the analysis and study of the current situation and problems of the environment in the west village of Xintian Town, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, the relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the rural ecological environment in the Three Gorges reservoir area.
The Integrated Development of Agriculture, Culture and Tourism Helps Explore Ways for Rural Revitalization -- A Case Study of Niutiguan Village in Anshun City
Authors: Shen Zhangjiahui
Published: August 2023

Niutiguan Village (hereinafter referred to as Niutiguan Village), located in Yaopu Town, Anshun City, Guizhou Province, is a traditional village of Buyi ethnic minorities. Since 2021, relying on the advantages of ecological and cultural resources, the village has created an integrated demonstration of “pastoral + health care +cultural tourism”, realizing the deep integration and rapid development of agriculture, culture and tourism, as well as making itself suddenly become a new model of rural revitalization. Based on the practical research of Niutiguan Village, this paper explores the practical path for Niutiguan Village to integrate and use its own resources to help local villages revitalize, in order to provide cases and practical enlightenment for rural revitalization empowered by cultural and tourism integration.
La ciencia abierta y su relación con la innovación: una revisión bibliométrica
Authors: Guevara-Pezoa Felipe
Published: August 2023

Trabajos recientes sugieren que la ciencia abierta puede mejorar diferentes disciplinas científicas, así como la difusión del conocimiento y la eficiencia del sistema de innovación. Sin embargo, las prácticas de ciencia abierta aún no se han adoptado de manera plena. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la relación entre la ciencia abierta y la innovación a través de una revisión bibliométrica sobre esta temática. Se observó un crecimiento de un 28,5 % anual y un predominio de países europeos en la productividad en la materia entre el año 2013 y 2022. Además, tras la evaluación de la productividad se advierte que el 91,8 % de los autores (1 401) participaron solo en una publicación. En suma, las temáticas con más desarrollo y relevancia las representaron la interoperabilidad, el código y el hardware abiertos, el intercambio de datos, la propiedad intelectual y la política científica. También el trabajo muestra un creciente, pero aún incipiente interés en la relación entre ciencia abierta e innovación, con un foco en los recientes años hacia el estudio de temas relacionados con la educación (superior, innovación educativa), la investigación responsable, la innovación social, la co-creación y la inteligencia artificial.
Inconsistency in the registration of the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) of articles on Web of Science and Scopus
Authors: Krauskopf Erwin , Salgado Mauricio
Published: August 2023

Almost 25 years ago, the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) was implemented with the purpose of providing a unique and persistent form of document identification. As DOIs can be assigned to any object, journals rapidly adopted their use as it eases the process of identifying a specific document, thus increasing its visibility. However, while studying the impact of papers published by Chilean researchers in disciplines related to Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities, we noticed that some journals published a considerable proportion of documents without DOIs. Thus, we questioned if this was due to a lack of DOI adoption by these journals or if it was a database processing error. Our findings indicate that while most journals have adopted the use of DOI for article-type documents, many of the Web of Science and Scopus records do not include this information. To overcome this issue, databases need to ensure the accuracy and consistency of their data, while the editorial management team of each journal ought to confirm that all the metadata from their articles has been properly registered by these databases. Undoubtedly, the use of DOI benefits all academics as it facilitates the discoverability and retrieval of the published articles.
Mediação em Museus e Centros de Ciências: contribuições para a formação docente
Authors: OLIVEIRA A. F. , ANJOS Maylta Brandão dos
Published: August 2023

This article is part of the Master’s research "Museums, Science Centers and initial teacher education: contributions from the mediation practice held at the Science and Life Museum". We stuck to this subject because we understand it as an important contribution to the education of undergraduate students who are in a period of professional training, thus allowing them to broaden their views regarding scientific dissemination. Based on this proposition, we sought to understand the differences and similarities that emerge from this formation. The dynamics of scientific dissemination and the popularization of science for teacher education are points that present differences among themselves, but that approach each other in the stages of application. To better understand this scenario, we performed a bibliographic review about the themes and, from there, we aimed to interconnect them. The question that motivated the research was how and what are the contributions of mediation practice in Museums and Science Centers that strengthen the initial education of teachers during the mediation process. We observed that there is a considerable theoretical production about the importance of such practice. The research assumption was confirmed. We noted that the contributions obtained by mediators during initial formation are related to the acquisition of professional experience and the knowledge that best qualifies them as future teachers. Thus, we highlighted as positive the mediation contributions in Museums and Science Centers for teaching practice in the acquisition of experience and professional knowledge.
Demographic Characteristics and Career Plans of First-Generation Medical Students at a Single Medical School in the United States
Authors: Casola Allison R. , Kunes Brianna , Burns Ricky , Kelly Erin L. , de la Cruz Maria Syl
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Recruitment of first-generation medical students is essential to improving diversity and inclusion in US medical colleges. First-generation students offer unique experiential insights that foster empathy and cultural competency in the learning environment and improve health outcomes for patients. However, little is known about their demographic characteristics or career goals. It is important to identify these factors to provide insight on ways to better support first-generation students.
Methods: This exploratory pilot study aimed to describe background, demographic characteristics, and goals of students. We administered a secondary analysis of a quality improvement and health disparities survey to third-year medical students at a large, private medical school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Measures included demographic information, interest in loan forgiveness programs, and other career goal items. We conducted χ2 goodness-of-fit tests to examine differences by first-generation status.
Results: Thirteen percent of respondents identified as first-generation medical students (n=26). First-generation medical students were more likely to be male, aged 21-26 years, White, and non-Hispanic/Latino. First-generation students were significantly more likely to report wanting to care for underserved populations during their career and enter loan forgiveness programs, with Department of Education’s Public Service Loan Forgiveness program most often cited.  
Conclusion: This study provides an exploratory profile of characteristics of first-generation medical students and their career intentions. Our results suggests that enrollment of first-generation students may increase the number of physicians who are willing to serve underserved populations. However, first-generation students may also need more financial support through loan forgiveness programs which has important implications for medical education.
The influence of organizational culture and shared leadership on digital transformation and firm performance
Authors: Ho Dai Duc , Huynh Tan Khuong
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the paper is articulated well, targeting an essential aspect of modern business management: the impact of organizational culture (OC) and shared leadership (SL) on digital transformation (DT), and its subsequent effect on firm performance (FP). The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) in data analysis provides a strong basis for determining relationships between the variables involved, as this method can handle complex relationships effectively. The sample size of 245 managers and information technology (IT) staff across 49 commercial enterprises appears suitable, but the selection only from enterprises in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam may introduce geographical biases into the study. The paper confirms and builds upon established research, indicating a positive correlation between organizational cultural values, shared leadership, digital transformation, and firm performance. Such a connection is crucial in today’s digital age. The paper has rightfully pointed out the limitations of the study, mainly that the generalizability of results may be affected due to the convenience sampling method. Additionally, the geographical limitation (Mekong Delta region) could potentially impact the application of these results to other regions or countries. The authors’ exploration of organizational culture values and shared leadership as drivers of digital transformation in the context of Vietnam offers a fresh perspective, considering that studies in this specific context seem to be limited.
Changes in Intestinal Flora Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant organisms Infection
Authors: Wei Yao , Yu Hang , Liu xueke , Kong Jindan , Zhao Chenyan , Chen Hui , Jin Jun
Published: August 2023

Incidence of antimicrobial-resistant infections has increased
dramatically worldwide in the past few decades. To combat this alarming
problem, strategies preventing colonization with resistant pathogens
have been proposed. Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)may help in
decolonizing multidrug-resistant organisms(MRO) and in preventing
recurrent infections. In this study, efficacy of FMT against multidrug
resistance was assessed. Three patients that suffered from multidrug
resistance complicated with diarrhea were enrolled from January 2019 to
September 2020. All had severe pulmonary infections. Standard FMT was
given, and whole metagenome sequencing of stool was conducted before and
after FMT.All patients accepted FMT, and 12 samples were harvested. All
treatments were successful, and there were no adverse events. All
patients showed a decrease in species of intestinal flora, but FMT could
recover some of the diversity. Normal people had the lowest abundance of
antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs), but the patients had the highest
abundance before FMT. FMT decreased ARGs to some extent. Nineteen ARG
subtypes were significantly different between the normal group and the
patients.Patients with MRO infections had increased abundance of ARGs
and low bacterial diversity. FMT eradicated ARGs and restored microbial
diversity, and there were no serious adverse events.
Parameterized Aerodynamic Performance of Bio-inspired Corrugated Wings on Flapping Flight Learned from Microscopy Imaging of Ladybird Beetle Hindwing
Authors: Liu Chao , Chen Guodong , Wang Qian , Sun Jiyu , Sun Lining , Wang Kejun
Published: August 2023

Beetle hindwings have two distinct features: the deployable
configuration and wing corrugation. At low Reynolds numbers, the
corrugated wing of flapping insect wings is considered essential in
improving the favorable aerodynamic forces. To further explore whether
significant corrugated structure parameterized combination exists has a
significant effect on aerodynamic effects, this paper proposes three
technical comparison airfoils learned from the microscopy imaging of
ladybird beetle hindwing: corrugated hindwings from ladybird beetle
Harmonia axyridis (CA models), simplified airfoil with triangular
corrugations (TWA models), and a symmetric flat plate wing (FPA model).
Based on ANSYS Fluent, this paper numerically solves the Navier-Stokes
equations using the fluid-structure interaction method. The results show
that (1) the aerodynamic performance of the corrugated section (AP1) is
the optimal among CA models. The higher the frequency, the higher the
lift coefficient, which is related to the vein distribution of models.
(2) The pressure difference of different corrugation patterns shows
significantly asymmetric during the upstroke and downstroke. The
leading-edge vortex (LEV) of AP1 is more captured with the increase of
frequency than AP2 and AP3. (3) Potentially critical parameters for
aerodynamic performance, such as number and angle of the corrugations as
well as the flapping frequencies, have been evaluated and discussed.
Based on these results, 2D ‘simplified’ airfoil models with triangular
corrugations (TWA models) were designed which simulated the optimum
aerodynamic characteristics.