bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimisation of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structures - Coupled Model Solution Strategies
Authors: Patryniak K , Collu M , Coraddu A
Published: November 2023

Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT) can be installed at the sites of the most abundant wind resource. However, the design uncertainties and risks must be reduced to make them economically competitive. The design and optimisation methodologies for FOWT support structures adopted up to date tend to follow a sequential analysis strategy. Since the FOWT system involves multiple distinct, highly coupled disciplines, its analysis and design are challenging. This paper presents an efficient implementation of a coupled model of dynamics in an optimisation process by applying a Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimisation (MDAO) methodology. The coupling effects studied include the interdependence of the mean offset of the platform and the aerodynamic and mooring loads, as well as the velocity of the platform and the viscous damping. The trade-off between the solution accuracy and efficiency for the coupled and uncoupled models was quantified, and a range of iterative solvers were compared. The study showed that the coupling between the platform offset and the mooring and thrust loads has a significant influence on the values of the responses, converging at higher surge and pitch offsets, higher mooring loads, and at lower thrust. These non-conservative results demonstrated the criticality of the two-way coupling between the platform excursion and the mooring loads. Notably, the coupled solution was achieved at a relatively low increase in the total solution time (+16%), due to the high efficiency of Broyden’s method.
Constrained optimization of offshore wind turbine positions under uncertain wind conditions with correlated data
Authors: Pettersson Per , Aursjø Olav , Helland Johan Olav , Jettestuen Espen
Published: November 2023

Offshore wind power production is subject to substantial uncertainty due to variability in wind conditions. Planning of new wind parks should take these uncertainties into account by means of stochastic modeling and uncertainty quantification. Wind speed and wind direction exhibit dependence that needs to be properly modeled to yield reliable uncertainty estimates. In particular, the dependence is strong when data are averaged over a short time-horizon, e.g., on a monthly rather than an annual basis. In this work we introduce a stochastic model for wind speed and wind direction using Rosenblatt transformation and an empirical model. This allows efficient numerical quadrature that replaces thousands of Monte Carlos samples by a few tens of model evaluations at quadrature points in parametric space. A robust design formulation for maximizing power production honoring dependent data is proposed and demonstrated on data from the North Sea site Sørlige Nordsjø II.
Effect of the vertical wake deflection on the response of a 12MW semisubmersible FWT
Authors: Rivera-Arreba I , Eliassen L , Bachynski-Polić E
Published: November 2023

The need to understand the interaction of floating wind turbines operating in the marine boundary layer with other surrounding turbines is of increasing importance as wind farms and rotor sizes get larger. For low wind speed conditions, the wake deflects upwards due to the floating wind turbine built-in rotor tilt and the platform pitch angle. Furthermore, based on field data from the North Sea, a convective atmosphere is likely to occur, especially for lower wind speeds. It is therefore key to understand the combined effect of meandering, wake deflection and atmospheric stability for low wind speed conditions on the floating wind turbines in a wind farm.

In this work, to account for atmospheric stability, data from large-eddy simulation (LES) for a 7.5m/s wind speed scenario and three atmospheric stability conditions, are used as input to FAST. Farm to study the effect of the wake deflection upwards on a 12 MW semisubmersible placed 8 rotor diameters (D) downwind of a stationary wind turbine. Three built-in shaft tilt angles cases are considered for the fixed upwind turbine: 12°, 6° and no tilt angle. The main effects of the wake deflection are on the power output of the floating wind turbine in the wake, and on the tower top yaw moment. For stable conditions, the mean tower top yaw moment increases by more than three times. The findings of this work contribute to the investigation of the wake deflection as a control strategy to minimize wake losses in floating wind farms.
A comparison of extreme mooring loads and response of a spar-buoy wind turbine using conditional waves
Authors: Ripe Aminda M. T. , Lande-Sudall David R.
Published: November 2023

Three-hour random sea-state evaluations for ultimate limit state design of floating offshore wind installations are time-consuming and prevent the use of high-fidelity numerical methods from being implemented. In this work, three conditional waves, Most-Likely Wave (MLW), Most-Likely Response Wave (MLRW) and Conditional Random Response Wave (CRRW), are experimentally investigated as alternative means to generate statistical extreme responses in surge and mooring line loads of a spar-buoy substructure, with shorter time-series duration compared to a 3-hour JONSWAP sea-state. MLW and MLRW are found to generate the greatest mooring line loads, far greater than the statistical expected maximum from a 3-hour random sea-state. However, MLW is uncorrelated with the substructure’s linear transfer function of response, and the MLRW includes no memory effects from a random background sea, indicating possible conservatism in the associated load magnitudes. CRRW is a MLRW embedded within a random background and is found to excite a similar mooring load as the 3-hour sea-state, with memory effects included. CRRW could thus be an appropriate method of generating statistically appropriate load responses within a reduced time-series. However, nonlinear effects on the mooring are not accounted for in any of the methods and will be included in future work.
Data-driven modeling of hydrodynamic loading using NARX and harmonic probing
Authors: Stamenov D , Abbiati G , Sauder T
Published: November 2023

Optimizing floating wind turbines and their mooring systems requires validated computational models that predict wave-frequency and low-frequency hydrodynamic loads. Low-frequency loads are crucial for determining extreme offsets and tension in mooring lines and are generally described by a quadratic transfer function. The quadratic transfer function, obtained with numerical tools, accurately predicts low-frequency loads in mild sea states. However, since the existing numerical methods are based on potential and perturbation theory, they generally fail to accurately predict low-frequency loads in moderate-to-extreme sea states where current, viscous, and beyond-second-order potential effects become significant. Developing a procedure for empirical transfer function estimation is, therefore, necessary to overcome these limitations. This paper describes an existing framework for estimating any higher-order transfer functions from experimental data. The framework employs a nonlinear auto-regressive model based on Kriging to establish a causal input/output relationship between the wave-elevation and hydrodynamic force histories exerted on the floater. Then, higher-order transfer functions are extracted using harmonic probing. The procedure was validated by estimating the linear surge transfer function of the INO WINDMOOR 12 MW floater using synthetic data. The data-driven results showed an excellent agreement with the theoretically computed transfer function.
Experimental Validation of Models of a Hull-Based Tuned Mass Damper System for a Semisubmersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Platform
Authors: Wang L , Bergua R , Robertson A , Jonkman J , Ngo T , Das T , Sarker D , Flavia F Fabregas , Harries R , Fowler M , Lenfest E , Muro J López , Burlion L , Bilgen O
Published: November 2023

Floating offshore wind turbine designs can be further optimized if the controller and remaining systems are designed together, known as control co-design. To effectively perform control co-design, modeling tools predicting the influence of the control systems on the response of a system must be validated. This article presents an experimental validation that utilizes a scale model of a semisubmersible platform for an offshore wind turbine that is fitted with adjustable tuned mass dampers. These dampers can be tuned to attenuate either the hull-pitch resonance or the tower-bending resonance. The data from the experiment are used to validate state-of-the-art modeling tools. It is shown that the models capture the overall effects of the tuned mass dampers; however, some models overpredict the reduction in platform pitch motion when the dampers are tuned to the pitch resonance. The relative reduction in the tower-base bending moment is more consistently captured by the models when the dampers are tuned to the tower-bending resonance. However, there are significant differences in the absolute level of tower-base bending moment between the models and the experiment. Much of the differences observed are a consequence of the challenge with accurately predicting the baseline platform resonance motion and the tower-bending moment, which should be addressed in future modeling efforts.
Whispers in the Wind: Ethical dimensions of social conflict in offshore wind
Authors: Vasconcellos Oliveira R
Published: November 2023

The current European energy crisis in combination with the international climate agreements dictate the need for strong investment in green energy. Among others, offshore wind is widely considered an efficient low-impact low-carbon technology. Despite the positive institutional landscape for the adoption of this form of energy generation, European nations witness societal resistance to its deployment. This paper explores the critical ethical dimensions of offshore wind fuelling relevant societal controversies surrounding its deployment and governance. I argue that at the core of most societal disputes lay normative issues shaping and contributing to the polarisation of the discourses and affecting the viability of initiatives. The method applied to characterise the social controversies is ethical analysis. Using the conceptualisation of the three tenets of energy justice-distributive, procedural, and recognition - I uncover the prevailing justice dimensions present in thematic literature and specific European offshore wind initiatives (Taggen park and Utsira Nord). I also use ethical analysis to characterise further normative implications of offshore wind. At the end, I offer normative insights on how project developers and policymakers can lower the barriers to offshore wind energy implementation and improve governance mechanisms.
Numerical investigation of blade roughness impact on the aerodynamic performance and wake behavior of horizontal axis wind turbine
Authors: Mian H H , Siddiqui M S , Yang L , Kvamsdal T , Asim T
Published: November 2023

The prolonged operation of wind turbines in harsh offshore environments leads to deterioration and roughness accumulation on the blade surface. This roughness, particularly on the leading edge and other surfaces, can affect the laminar-to-turbulent transition, alter the flow characteristics in the turbine wake and turbulent boundary layer, and become critical for the accurate design and performance analysis of offshore horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT). This study investigates the effects of blade surface roughness on the aerodynamic performance and wake evolution of the NREL Phase VI wind turbine rotor using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) technique. First, 2D simulations are validated against experimental data of the S809 airfoil. Then, full-scale 3D simulations of the complete turbine model are conducted with roughness effects to simulate natural conditions. The results show that surface roughness reduces the blade’s aerodynamic performance. The rough surface increases the boundary layer thickness, causing flow separation and turbulence, which decrease the lift generated by the blade and increase its drag, resulting in decreased overall blade performance. At higher wind speeds, surface roughness has a negligible effect on turbine performance due to flow separation at the leading edge. The analysis of surface roughness effects on the turbine wake flow indicates that blade roughness positively correlates with wake recovery, where the wake velocity recovers faster with an increase in roughness height.
Planning the Installation of Marine Renewable Energies in Portugal - a tool for decision making
Authors: Simões Teresa , Couto António , Estanqueiro Ana
Published: November 2023

In the latest years, the European governments have developed and published the goals for their countries in terms of energy and climate as requested by the European Commission - The National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs). In this sense, an intense activity on the planning of the installation of renewable energy systems took place in each Member State in order to meet the goals established on the NECPs. Following the recent energy crisis and the urgency to transform Europe’s energy system in Europe, the NECPs are also being adapted to this situation and the installation of renewable energy systems assumed an even higher relevance. In this sense, offshore wind, due to its characteristics – high wind resource, less occupation issues and others – will play a key role in the future energy mix. This work proposed the development and application of a holistic planning methodology considering the available offshore renewable resource, restrictions to the installation of marine energy systems and economic indicators, which resulted in a techno-economic platform – MarinePlan, developed in the scope of a National funded project – OffshorePlan
Influence of compaction direction on selected thermal and moisture properties of a lightweight composite based on magnesium binder and organic filler
Authors: Brzyski P , Jóźwiak M , Siwiec J , Sinka M , Medved I
Published: November 2023

An alternative binder in thermal insulation composites based on hemp shives is magnesium cement. It provides higher mechanical strength of the composite in comparison to the lime binder. Thanks to this, it is possible to reduce the amount of binder in relation to the shives, and as a result, obtain a lower density and better thermal insulation parameters. The process of compacting the composite mixture determines many of its properties. The longitudinal shape of the shives causes that during compaction they are arranged mainly perpendicular to the direction of compaction. The unidirectional course of the fibers in the shives determines the anisotropic nature of both the shives and the composite. The article presents the results of tests of thermal conductivity and capillary rise of the compacted composite in the direction perpendicular and parallel to the heat flux and moisture transport. A composite with a low binder content, characterized by a density of about 250 kg/m3, was tested. The direction of the mix compaction had an impact on the differences in the obtained results. This phenomenon can be used, for example, in the production of blocks or other prefabricated elements, using the appropriate direction of compaction depending on the expected properties and applications of the composite.
Quasi-one-dimensional treatment of heat transfer in beams of non-uniform cross-section
Authors: Bulatovič G , Bokes P
Published: November 2023

We test performance of a quasi-one-dimensional approach to steady state heat transfer in broadening beams, characterized by variable cross-sectional area. The results obtained analytically and by solving the governing equation numerically in Python, for three different instances, are compared to FEM simulations. We demonstrate that the quasi-one-dimensional model gives accurate predictions for beam suitably averaged temperatures but the range of Biot numbers for which it can be accurately applied to is currently limited by a crucial parameter.
Resistance to molds of flax-fiber based materials
Authors: Kobetičová K , Nábělková J , Brejcha V , Brich J , Böhm M , Černý R
Published: November 2023

In the present study, the prepared covering material based on flax fibers containing caffeine, nano-copper, or corundum (Al2O3) as a potential biocidal substance was prepared and tested on biological resistance. Two experimental designs were performed: a) the samples were placed in a desiccator at the air humidity of about 90 % and at a temperature of 25 °C for one month. The samples were then transferred to sterile agar and the coverage of the agars and the samples with molds were observed after a week of incubation. All samples were found to be infected. The samples containing copper were the least resistant. b) The samples were placed on sterile agar and the petri dishes were subjected to the fallout method, where both the samples and the agars were insulted by mold spores from the air. The Petri dishes with the samples were then placed in a thermostat in the dark at 25 °C for a week. After the end of the exposure, the samples and agars were observed. The samples were covered by molds with an increasing intensity in the following rank: caffeine sample = corundum sample < Cu sample = control sample = pure flax fibers.
Reaction kinetics of basaltic elements in cementitious matrices: theoretical considerations
Authors: Kočí V , Keppert M , Černý R.
Published: November 2023

Basalt fibers, the frequently mentioned alternative to those made of steel, possess very good mechanical properties and temperature resistance. The alkaline environment of cement matrix makes it vulnerable due to partial fiber decomposition by the effects of OH- ions. This paper aims at computational modelling of such reactions in order to approximate the course of degradation or to predict it lately. The isothermal reaction models are discussed to reveal their strong/weak points by means of fundamental reaction mechanisms analysis. The shape factor and diffusion-based deceleration of the reactions are mentioned as the most significant ones in that respect. The model accuracy is quantified based on fitting the modelling outputs to reference experimental data. The effect of discussion was found to be the most significant factor as the model fitting reached the lowest RMSE (0.0047). Further application of a diffusion model is therefore recommended. The geometrical models need to have reaction rate reduction explicitly incorporated in the reaction constant, otherwise inapplicable data is produced (RMSE = 0.0193).
Applications of thermal insulation materials by aircraft
Authors: Eze A H , Lakatos Á
Published: November 2023

Lightweight materials such as microfiber insulation or polymer foam are typically used to insulate cars and aircraft. But here, too, the use of state-of-the-art “super-insulating” materials is a valid answer. Vacuum insulation panels also serve as reliable insulators for electric vehicles. In this study, we will analyze in depth the potential uses for aerogels, polymer foams, and microfiber insulation. In addition, their thermal properties are briefly outlined, with a special focus on thermal conductivity and compressibility. Finding the right solution for the aircraft industry is critical. To meet increasingly stringent requirements, aircraft materials must meet several criteria, including lightweight, minimal noise, and insulation from the heat.
Application of automatic image analysis to evaluate the anisotropy of autoclaved aerated concrete for moisture transport
Authors: Majerek D , Wośko E , Pasnikowska-Łukaszuk M , Łazuka E , Suchorab Z , Łagód G
Published: November 2023

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is an artificial building material commonly applied in energy efficient buildings. Blocks of AAC are characterized by relatively homogenous distribution of pores and their dimensions. However, during manufacturing there occurs irregular pores positioning which may influence water transport processes. This phenomenon is called anisotropy which could be evaluated using standard gravimetric or electric methods of moisture detection. In this article we propose a method of level of anisotropy evaluation using image analysis. During the research a set of AAC samples was prepared and examined using time domain reflectometry (TDR) method for capillary uptake phenomenon and in parallel the cross-sections visual analyses were conducted. Both techniques confirmed the anisotropic features of the tested material.
Thermodilatometry of Quartz Porcelain Mixture Under Tensile Loading
Authors: Ondruška Ján , Al-Shantir Omar , Štubňa Igor
Published: November 2023

Specimens composed of 50 wt.% kaolin, 25 wt.% quartz, and 25 wt.% feldspar were subjected to constant tensile stress during linear heating at 5 °C/min rate to measure their tensile deformation behavior. Deformation occurs at temperatures above 300 °C and depends on the tensile stress: higher external tensile stresses led to a more pronounced expansion of the sample during the dehydroxylation region. Consequently, at temperatures above 1100 °C, sintering of the samples in the liquid state and intense contraction occurred. The dilatation behaviour of the samples was governed by the combined effect of opposing forces. One of these forces originated from external loading and caused the elongation of the specimen. The other force resulted from surface tension, which resulted in the shortening of the specimen. At temperatures above 1100 °C, a distinct V-shaped minimum appeared on the dilatometric plot, indicating a balance between these forces. As the temperature increased, the viscosity of the glassy phase decreased, weakening the surface forces. Eventually, the external force prevailed, causing further elongation of the samples.
The influence of the cooling system on the efficiency of thermal management and the performance of computer components
Authors: Szulzyk-Cieplak J , Oborski D , Paśnikowska-Łukaszuk M , Wlazło M , Urzędowski A , Zaburko J
Published: November 2023

The article attempts to evaluate the existing methods of cooling computer components in terms of ensuring their efficient operation. Issues related to heat exchange were discussed and individual computer components were characterized in terms of heat reception and the available methods of cooling computer components were reviewed. Based on the analysis of cooling methods, the most appropriate solution was selected in terms of: efficiency, costs and generated noise. A liquid cooling system was designed for the model computer, allowing for a significant increase in the clock speed of the computer’s main components. In order to determine the efficiency of the system, i.e. the maximum flow that can be discharged by the system, and to determine the efficiency of the required coolers, appropriate calculations were made regarding: thermal conductivity between each of the cooled elements and the corresponding block and heat transfer to the cooling liquid inside each of the blocks.
Measurement of salinity in building materials: a synopsis of current practices and potential innovations
Authors: Wojtaś E , Kujawska J , Łagód G , Suchorab Z
Published: November 2023

This article provides an overview of the various techniques used to measure the salt content of building materials. The authors discuss the importance of salinity measurement, as high salinity can lead to degradation and damage in building materials. They then consider the traditional methods of salinity measurement, including conductivity measurement and chemical titration. While reliable, these methods are often time-consuming, destructive and may not provide a complete picture of the salt distribution within the material. The authors then focus on emerging non-destructive techniques that offer the potential for in-situ salinity measurement. These include X-ray Dffraction (XRD), Thermal Analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Each method is discussed, with the authors highlighting its advantages, limitations and potential applications. The article concludes with a discussion of the future of salinity measurement in building materials. The authors propose a multimodal approach combining traditional and new methods to achieve more accurate and comprehensive salinity measurements. They also emphasise the need for further research and development in this area, particularly to improve the accuracy and reliability of non-destructive techniques.
An efficient calibration method for digital bandwidth interleaving sampling system
Authors: Ma Yubo , Wu Jie , Jiang Xiaochang , Xu Boyi , Qi Shengyu
Published: November 2023

Digital bandwidth interleaving (DBI) is a technique that can
simultaneously increase system sampling rate and bandwidth. While
DBI can reduce the impact of clock jitter on the dynamic performance
of the system compared to time-interleaved sampling systems,
achieving dynamic performance comparable to time-interleaved
analog-to-digital converters (TIADC) remains challenging due to
phase misalignment in crossover bands caused by analog filters and
nonlinearity in analog mixers. To address these issues, this paper
proposes a method to calibrate DBI sampling systems using PRBS
signals. This method involves injecting pseudo-random binary
sequence (PRBS) signal into the system input as a background signal
and calculating the correlation between the output sampling sequence
and the PRBS sequence to obtain the response of each sampling
channel. Compared with traditional single tone signal or pulse
signal, this method offers a more efficient background calibration
method. To verify the effectiveness of this method, this paper
designed a hybrid parallel sampling system combining DBI and TIADC
with a 20 GSPS sampling rate and 8 GHz bandwidth to evaluate the
effectiveness of the calibration method. In the performance test of
the sampling system before and after calibration, this calibration
method improved the system's Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio
(SINAD) by up to 13 dB, Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) by up to
27 dB, and phase response flatness better than 0.3 radians.
A high-resolution asymmetric von Hamos spectrometer for low-energy X-ray spectroscopy at the CRYRING@ESR electron cooler
Authors: Jagodziński P. , Banaś D. , Pajek M. , Kubala-Kukuś A. , Jabłoński Ł. , Stabrawa I. , Szary K. , Sobota D. , Warczak A. , Gumberidze A. , Beyer H.F. , Lestinsky M. , Weber G. , Stöhlker Th. , Trassinelli M.
Published: November 2023

We present research program and project for high-resolution
wavelength-dispersive spectrometer dedicated to low-energy X-ray
spectroscopy at the electron cooler of the CRYRING@ESR storage ring,
which is a part of the international Facility for Antiproton and Ion
Research (FAIR) currently being built in Darmstadt. Due to the
unique shape of the electorn-ion recombination X-ray source,
resulting from the overlapping of the electron and ion beams in the
electron cooler, the spectrometer can work in the specific
asymmetric von Hamos (AvH) geometry. In order to completely
eliminate the influence of Doppler effect on the measured X-ray
energies, two asymmetric von Hamos spectrometers will be installed
next to the dipole magnets on both sides of the electron cooler to
detect blue/red (0°/180°) shifted X-rays, e.g. emitted in the radiative recombination (RR) process. The
X-ray-tracing Monte-Carlo simulations show that the proposed AvH
spectrometer will allow to determine with sub-meV precision, the
low-energy X-rays (5–10 keV) emitted from stored bare or
few-electron heavy ions interacting with cooling electrons. This
experimental precision will enable accurate studies of the quantum
electrodynamics (QED) effects in mid-Z H- and He-like ions.
Positive impact of urbanization on vegetation growth has been continuously strengthening in arid regions of China
Authors: Li Wanlong , Cui Yaoping , Liu Xiaoyan , Deng Chengbin , Zhang Sen
Published: November 2023

The ecological environment is fragile in arid regions, and the direct and indirect impacts of continuing urbanization on vegetation growth in cities still need to be studied in depth. In this study, we focused on four provincial capital cities (Urumqi, Lanzhou, Yinchuan, and Hohhot) in arid regions of China. We used continuous 30 m land cover and vegetation greenness (VG) data from 1990 to 2021 to extract the impact of urbanization on vegetation growth by separating the impact of natural conditions. Our results showed that the study area’s urban area (UA) had expanded rapidly at a rate of 39.2 km2/a, increasing by 3.39 times between 1990 and 2021. While urban expansion occurred rapidly, the overall VG of the study area also increased (slope = 2.16 × 10−3), with the enhancement of VG increasing gradually from west to east. The VG and its trend in the UA were significantly higher than those in the natural vegetation area (NA). In addition, the duration of the urban vegetation growth season was longer than that of the NA, which also confirmed the positive impact of urbanization on the vegetation growth period. Furthermore, we found that the positive impact of urbanization on vegetation had continuously strengthened over time. In 1990 and 2021, the VG areas had 83% and 87% above the ‘zero-impact line’ in the UA, respectively, indicating a very significant impact of urbanization on vegetation growth in arid regions with fragile natural conditions. Our study identified the long-term dynamic trends in urbanization and VG in arid regions and clarified the non-linear relationship between the two concurrent growth factors. This has significant implications for correctly understanding the impact of urbanization on vegetation in arid regions and can provide a scientific reference for the ecological construction of urban environments in the region.
Relating three-decade surge in space cooling demand to urban warming
Authors: Li Haiwei , Zhao Yongling , Bardhan Ronita , Chan Pak Wai , Derome Dominique , Luo Zhiwen , Ürge-Vorsatz Diana , Carmeliet Jan
Published: November 2023

Rising demand for space cooling has been placing enormous strain on various technological, environmental, and societal dimensions, resulting in issues related to energy consumption, environmental sustainability, health and well-being, affordability, and equity. Holistic approaches that combine energy efficiency optimization, policy-making, and societal adaptation must be rapidly promoted as viable and timely solutions. We interpret the 30 year climatic-induced upward trend and spikes in urban space cooling demand from the perspective of climate change, urbanization, and background climates, through the lens of five major populated cities: Hong Kong, Sydney, Montreal, Zurich, and London. An unequivocal, worrying upward trend in cooling demand is observed in meteorological data, using cooling degree hours (CDHs) as a city-scale climatic-induced metric. The surge in cooling energy demand can be largely attributed to climate warming and urban heat islands, with the most abrupt spikes associated with intensified extreme heat events. Further, our quantification of the impact of the base temperature, in relation to the historical CDH, reveals that a 20% energy saving could be achieved instantly within a rather broad range of air temperature and relative humidity by increasing the setpoint temperature by one degree. With the rise in background temperatures due to climate change, the potential for energy saving diminishes for the same level of increase in setpoint temperature. For instance, an increase from 26 °C to 27 °C results in about 10% energy savings, while an increase from 22 °C to 23 °C could yield over 20% in energy savings. To reduce cooling energy demand rapidly in a warming climate, we highlight the necessity of promoting hard and soft behavioral adaptation along with regulatory intervention for the operation of space cooling systems.
Involvement of Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Societies through the Development of Community Based Ecotourism Concept in Coastal Areas: Case Studies from Indonesia
Authors: Arifianto A , Ihsan Yudanto M , Sutriadi R
Published: November 2023

Community development has become one of the mainstreams nowadays, where internal actors are able to develop and deliver their ideas to others. Bali and Yogyakarta, two case studies that represent tourism in Indonesia are identical with community-based tourism that holds noble values and culture, even though it cannot be separated from the threat of disaster. The context of the disaster is not only natural but also environmental pollution due to waste that affects coastal areas as downstream waste flows in rivers. The Kutuh Indigenous Village community plays a role in managing tourism on Pandawa Beach, while the non-indigenous community in Yogyakarta helps to manage Parangtritis Beach. The focus of this article is to capture community readiness in implementing ecotourism conceptual framework through community-based ecotourism development both in indigenous and non-indigenous society. The data was taken using in-depth interviews in 2020 and processed with a qualitative comparative content analysis to show the differences between the two case studies. The results show that the role of internal actors and a sense of commonality in dealing with disasters greatly affect the implementation of green tourism in order to internalize the impact of disasters. However, there are differences in indigenous peoples who have strong values and norms, moreover the high level of community network, the results are more satisfying.
Seepage identification of Sidoarjo mud embankment via 2D resistivity and self-potential methods
Authors: Novanti Nadila Ayu , Rizaq Alif Muftihan , Wahyuni Afra Eka , Sungkono  , Husein Alwi , Warnana Dwa Desa
Published: November 2023

Assessment of embankment stability is one of the ways to discover the embankment condition. Several factors can affect the strength of the embankment body including seepage, leakage, deformation (vertical and horizontal), and overtopping. Hence, identification of seepage in the subsurface of the embankment is important to provide early information about the threat of embankment failures. Sidoarjo mud (LUSI) embankment has been collapsed several times since it built in 2006. Most of the failures are mainly caused by the existing water seepage in the subsurface of the embankment. To identify the seepage pathways of the embankment body, two non-destructive geo-electricity methods were applied in the LUSI embankment. Direct current resistivity (DCR) and self-potential (SP) methods were carried out to reconstruct subsurface conditions at lines P76-P79. Therefore, seepage interpretation was conducted to identify the presence of water flows through the embankment body. 2D tomography of resistivity data revealed the indication of water seepage in some measurement areas. This information was strengthened by the numerical interpretation of self-potential data, recognizing water seepage through the embankment body in each line.
Diversity of Macroinvertebrates in the Mangrove Forest of Brgy. Nabago, Surigao City, Philippines
Authors: Eviota Manny P. , Degamon Louella S. , Hugo Rosalia L. , Bertulfo Roselle E. , Odtojan Medielyn M. , Buenaflor Gheleene S. , Cuadrado Jerry T.
Published: November 2023

Macroinvertebrate assemblages in the mangrove forest were assessed to determine the baseline information on the marine ecosystem in Barangay Nabago. Physicochemical parameters of soil and water were also determined to correlate with these bio-indicators. Three sampling stations were established. Live specimens were collected from natural substrates such as rocks, leaves, wood, and other debris through hand picking. To obtain macrobenthos, soil samples were collected using a core method with six-core samples from each plot. A 500 micrometer (0.5 mm) mesh size sieve was used to separate the macroinvertebrates from the sediments and any debris. A multiparameter checker determined the physicochemical parameters of water such as dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, and conductivity. Biodiversity indices such as species richness, abundance, density, Shannon-Weiner diversity index, and evenness were calculated using the Paleontological Statistical Software Package (PAST) version 3.20 with correlation analysis using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Station 3 obtained the highest frequency count of macroinvertebrates compared to the first (1) and second (2) stations, which correlate to the highest numerical value of the physicochemical parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, and pH. These physicochemical parameters were favourable for macroinvertebrate species to thrive. Soil characterized with the highest percentage of the sandy substrate also contributed to macroinvertebrates’ diversity, particularly in station 3, which obtained the highest diversity index (H’=2.436).
Plastic Flow Diagram as a Tool for Plastic Waste Management System Assessment (Case Study: Banyuwangi Regency and Jembrana Regency)
Authors: Heranita Ira , Sembiring Emenda
Published: November 2023

Plastic waste is one of the biggest problems faced by Indonesia as the second largest contributor of plastic waste to the oceans in the world. The leakage of plastic waste from land to sea is generally caused by the lack of waste management in Indonesia. There are still many unsafe waste management practices carried out by Indonesian people. Therefore, an assessment and evaluation of waste management is needed to determine the appropriate intervention in waste management so as to reduce the leakage of plastic waste into the environment. Plastic Flow Diagram (PFD) applies the principle of Material Flow Analysis (MFA) that can rapidly and systematically assess the plastic waste management system and show the fates of plastic waste in the environment. The results of mapping the plastic waste flow show that waste handling in Banyuwangi Subdistrict and Negara Subdistrict has reached the national target that is 86,63% and 81,89%. Meanwhile, waste handling in Muncar Subdistrict and Jembrana Subdistrict is still far from the target, as much as 39,77% and 34,54%. Plastic waste leakage occurs at every stage of waste management. However, the highest leakage comes from sources. Platic waste that leaks into the environment ends up in drainage system, enters water bodies, retained on land, and burnt.
Role of Wind, Ground Surface, and Slope in Plastic Waste Movement on Terrestrial Environments
Authors: Khoeriyah Z B A , Sembiring E
Published: November 2023

Trajectory of waste on land is a strategy for preventing and mitigating plastic pollution in the environment and a component of its management strategy. However, basic data related to the dynamics of the movement of plastic waste on land as the main data in the model design process has been limited. This research was conducted to meet this need by reviewing the influence of environmental factors such as wind, air runoff, soil surface, and slope on the movement of plastic waste on land. In this study, primary data collection of plastic movement was simulated in experimental scenarios for different categories of plastic based on wind-propelling factors and physical environmental factors represented by ground surface characteristic and slope variation. The results indicated that (1) the windspeed threshold through all the explanatory variables were significantly different, (2) wind speed shows a strong positive relation with the flux of plastics rate where plastic moves according to wind direction, (3) vegetated areas have become potential accumulation locations, and (4) the plastic rate through the slope variable were not significantly different. In constructing land-based plastic waste trajectory models, plastic type, ground surface, and slope variations can be regarded as the primary variables.
The Influence of Pandemic COVID-19 on Hazardous Waste Management from Hospital A in Yogyakarta
Authors: Maziya F B , Luthi R S , Iresha F M , Abidin A U , Kasam
Published: November 2023

The condition of COVID-19 pandemic led to a high generation of medical waste through hospital activity. This study aimed to analye the hazardous waste management during the pandemic at Hospital A in Yogyakarta. Dynamic system modelling applications by considering the technical, financial, and environmental aspects using the Vensim PLE with the stock-flow diagram. The model simulation results in this study indicate an increase in technical, financial, and environmental aspects during the pandemic. The technical and financial aspect shows that the generation and transportation of waste increased during the pandemic reaching 9.36%. In the technical aspect, hazardous waste generation produced 11,756 kg/year. Then, the financial aspect shows that the costs incurred for transporting waste increased during the pandemic, reaching IDR109,860,000/year. The financial aspect also indicates that the fees received by hospital A in Yogyakarta from recycling waste increased until IDR3,232,900/year. The environmental aspect shows that CO2 emissions released into the air due to the transportation of waste during the pandemic experienced a stable condition, it is 5,445.44 kgCO2 per year, and CO2 emissions stored due to the recycling of plastic infusion bottle waste increased by 4,021.73 kgCO2 per year.
Recycling Potential and Processing Technology of Plastic Waste in Indonesias Metropolitan City (Case Study: Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Widyarsana I M W , Nurdiani D A
Published: November 2023

After organic waste, plastic became a significant issue in Indonesia. The government of Bandung City has started a number of programs to address the waste issue. However, there are still numerous obstacles to overcome, particularly in terms of finding ways to utilize waste instead of sending it to a landfill. The goal of this study was to ascertain the potential of plastic waste in Bandung that had been sent to a landfill. The study found that 98% of the total waste in Bandung was already being collected. The majority of it (83%) was going to a landfill. Total mixed transported to Sarimukti landfill was around 1,150 TPD, or 0.46 kg-e/person/day. Food waste made up the biggest percentage (35% dry season and 47% wet season, respectively). Approximately 129.940 tons of plastics, with a total composition of 32% for dry season and 30% for wet season being dumped in landfill consisting recyclable high value plastic of 8,383 TPD (6,45%), non-recyclable low value plastic of 98,502 tons (75,8%), and nappies of 23,054 tons (17,7%). Due to the limitation of recycling technology to treat these wastes, plastic in landfill were mainly composed of low value plastic and diaper.
Anti-haecceitism and indiscernibility
Authors: Roberts Alexander
Published: November 2023

It is often presumed that anti-haecceitists are not committed to the identity of indiscernibles. However, I argue that anti-haecceitism implies a particularly strong thesis about when individuals are indiscernible which motivates the identity of indiscernibles. The argument is first sketched intuitively and then formalized in a system of higher-order modal logic.
COMO: a pipeline for multi-omics data integration in metabolic modeling and drug discovery
Authors: Bessell Brandt , Loecker Josh , Zhao Zhongyuan , Aghamiri Sara Sadat , Mohanty Sabyasachi , Amin Rada , Helikar Tomáš , Puniya Bhanwar Lal
Published: November 2023

Identifying potential drug targets using metabolic modeling requires integrating multiple modeling methods and heterogeneous biological datasets, which can be challenging without efficient tools. We developed Constraint-based Optimization of Metabolic Objectives (COMO), a user-friendly pipeline that integrates multi-omics data processing, context-specific metabolic model development, simulations, drug databases and disease data to aid drug discovery. COMO can be installed as a Docker Image or with Conda and includes intuitive instructions within a Jupyter Lab environment. It provides a comprehensive solution for the integration of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq, microarrays and proteomics outputs to develop context-specific metabolic models. Using public databases, open-source solutions for model construction and a streamlined approach for predicting repurposable drugs, COMO enables researchers to investigate low-cost alternatives and novel disease treatments. As a case study, we used the pipeline to construct metabolic models of B cells, which simulate and analyze them to predict metabolic drug targets for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, respectively. COMO can be used to construct models for any cell or tissue type and identify drugs for any human disease where metabolic inhibition is relevant. The pipeline has the potential to improve the health of the global community cost-effectively by providing high-confidence targets to pursue in preclinical and clinical studies. The source code of the COMO pipeline is available at https://github.com/HelikarLab/COMO. The Docker image can be pulled at https://github.com/HelikarLab/COMO/pkgs/container/como.
Phylogenetic identity and population structure of the dwarf caimans Paleosuchus spp. in the Orinoco basin of Colombia and Venezuela: filling gaps
Authors: Hernández-Rangel Sandra M , Morales-Betancourt Mónica A , Muniz Fábio L , Vargas-Ramírez Mario , Rojas-Runjaic Fernando J M , Lasso Carlos A , Caballero Susana
Published: November 2023

Dwarf caiman species of the genus Paleosuchus (Paleosuchus palpebrosus and Paleosuchus trigonatus) are old, widespread crocodilian lineages with populations affected by habitat modification. For both species, phylogeographical studies revealing crucial information have already been performed, but for important ecoregions, such as the Orinoco, knowledge is lacking. In this study, the phylogenetic identity of individuals of Paleosuchus spp. from the Orinoco basin of Colombia and Venezuela was evaluated. The genetic structure of the two species of Paleosuchus was also determined and their genetic diversity quantified. The results show a marked genetic structuring in both species, also indicating that the populations of P. trigonatus and P. palpebrosus of the Orinoco basin are well differentiated from those of other hydrographic basins. For Colombia, it was possible to infer that there are two independent management units for both species (Orinoco and Amazonas) and that the populations of the Orinoco basin present high genetic and haplotypic diversity. In Venezuela, only one management unit was identified for each species. This finding, together with the results of previous studies, show that, in total, there are at least five management units for P. palpebrosus and six for P. trigonatus, throughout their distribution areas. It is necessary to take this information into account when establishing conservation strategies for these species, although it is stressed that the geographical sampling must be improved in future phylogeographical studies, because information gaps persist at the geographical level.
On inference in high-dimensional logistic regression models with separated data
Authors: Lewis R M , Battey H S
Published: November 2023

Direct use of the likelihood function typically produces severely biased estimates when the dimension of the parameter vector is large relative to the effective sample size. With linearly separable data generated from a logistic regression model, the loglikelihood function asymptotes and the maximum likelihood estimator does not exist. We show that an exact analysis for each regression coefficient produces half-infinite confidence sets for some parameters when the data are separable. Such conclusions are not vacuous, but an honest portrayal of the limitations of the data. Finite confidence sets are only achievable when additional, perhaps implicit, assumptions are made. Under a notional double-asymptotic regime in which the dimension of the logistic coefficient vector increases with the sample size, the present paper considers the implications of enforcing a natural constraint on the vector of logistic transformed probabilities. We derive a relationship between the logistic coefficients and a notional parameter obtained as a probability limit of an ordinary least-squares estimator. The latter exists even when the data are separable. Consistency is ascertained under weak conditions on the design matrix.