bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissipation of Energy in Sandwich-Structured Equestrian Helmet – Numerical Analysis Under Overload Conditions
Authors: Bińczak Natalia , Kuryło Piotr
Published: June 2021

Protection of the head structures is a requirement in many sports where a person is exposed to injuries that threaten life or health. In horse riding accidents occur often, resulting in serious head injuries. The analysis of the available literature shows that the helmets used now protect human head structures in a small percentage. The aim of the research was to analyze the degree of protection of the human head using available helmet structure and a new solution for the Energy absorbing layer in helmet that absorbs Energy from impacts. The research was divided into two stages. During the first one, a simulation was performer under dynamic conditions simulating the rider’s fall and the contact of the head with ground (impact from the side). In the second stage, three structures of the absorbing layers were developed, i.e. honeycomb, auxetic, mixed with three three wall thicknesses (1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm respectively) and two materials were used: the currently used EPS and the aluminium alloy used in the motorcycle helmet.
Prediction of the Work-Related Injuries Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Ivaz Jelena , Nikolić Ružica R. , Petrović Dejan , Djoković Jelena M. , Hadzima Branislav
Published: June 2021

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are a powerful tool in the decision-making process, especially in solving the complex problems with a large number of input data. The possibility to predict the work-related injuries in the underground coal mines, based on application of the neural networks, is analyzed in this work. the input data for the network were obtained based on a survey of 1300 respondents. After analyzing the input data influence on the network output, 14 most influential inputs were selected, with help of which the network correctly predicted whether the worker would suffer the work-related injury or not, with 80% precision. The two models were developed, based on the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) networks. The two models’ results were compared to each other. The sensitivity analysis was used to select the most influential parameters, like mine, age of miners, as well as their work experience. The parameters were further analyzed by use of the descriptive statistics. The selected parameters are direct indicators of problems that can cause injuries. The obtained results point to the fact that the work-related injuries can be successfully predicted by application of the artificial neural networks. The proposed models’ importance is reflected in the clear indicators for enforcing the stricter occupational safety and organizational measures in order to reduce the number of work-related injuries in underground mines.
Improving the Manufacturing Process of Aluminium Rims
Authors: Karolina Czerwińska , Andrzej Pacana
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to indicate the reasons for non-compliance of aluminium rim castings and, using quality management instruments (Pareto-Lorenzo diagram and 5WHy method?), elimination or reduction of non-compliant products. The object of the research was an aluminium rim, while the diagnostic process of the object of the research was based on the quality control of the chemical composition of the casting, the control of mechanical properties and the control of the continuity of the material structure by radiographic and microscopic methods. On the basis of the research carried out, it was found that a sensitive casting area is the front edge of the rim rim - a significant number of porosity clusters were identified in this area. The reason for their occurrence was also specified - too rapid flooding of moulds, which resulted in gassing of the alloy. The identified cause had its origins in human resources mismanagement, namely the lack of training of the newly recruited employee. So far, the company has not carried out analyses of quality problems with the use of a sequential quality management methodology, so the implemented corrective actions have not always led to the full achievement of quality objectives. The presented sequential method, which is a combination of diagnostic and control tests and quality management instruments, is a universal way to monitor the level of quality of products and to quickly correct nonconformities.
Improving the Quality of the Friction Welding Process of Steel Components
Authors: Pacana Andrzej , Czerwińska Karolina
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to implement an integrally configured method of quality control of frictional welding of piston forgings intended for Diesel Man trucks. The use of the method (consisting of the 5W2H method, the Ishikawa diagram and the ABCD - Suzuki method) would contribute to the detection of the causes of non-compliance and consequently to the elimination of non-compliant products. Steel pistons have become the subject of research due to significant problems with maintaining their expected level of quality after the introduced structural and technological changes. The proposed method has helped to identify the root cause of non-compliance. It was: incorrect design of the combustion chamber in terms of diameter and depth. The study shows that it is advisable to use an integrated approach to finding the causes of quality problems on the example of the friction welding process. This was a new solution for the company, as no in-depth analyses of quality problems using a sequence of quality management techniques have been carried out so far.
Occupational Health and Safety Management in Terms of Special Employee Needs – Case Study
Authors: Niciejewska Marta
Published: June 2021

Every employer is responsible for ensuring safe and hygienic working conditions. According to the Labor Code and the relevant regulations, the elements of safe and hygienic working conditions in each enterprise are very similar. Differences arise when a specific industry or special psychophysical needs of an employee are taking into consideration. There is a specific group of employees for whom the working conditions organized by the employer in terms of occupational health and safety differ from the average working conditions. In the paper the needs, limitations and psychophysical possibilities of professionally active employees with sensory integration disorders are analyzed. In this purpose the direct interview with elements of open observation was used as the research method. The results presented in this paper are the small part (initial diagnosis) of the large project. Preliminary conclusions confirm the difficulty of adapting employees with sensory integration disorders to a universal work environment and the great need to organize special working conditions for them.
Information Security in Information Systems Among Employees of Industrial Enterprises as Societies 5.0
Authors: Justyna Żywiołek , Abbas Ali Abdulhassan
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of research on employee awareness of information security. The essence and methodology of society 5.0 was discussed. The study was an introduction to the study and was carried out in two groups of enterprises, the so-called ordinary and tycg constituting employees of the society 5.0. The strength of the relationship between individual security elements and those supporting society was also presented. 5.0.
Social Awareness and Responsibility in Context of Polish Service Companies
Authors: Ingaldi Manuela , Brožovà Silvie , Zhuravskaya Marina
Published: June 2021

The enrichment of the society and the consumptive lifestyle caused that customers buy more and more, having different, often very high requirements as to the purchased products and services. They often do not realize that production of such products requires more and more materials, energy and other means of production. All this leads to high exploitation of the environment. Even if the resources of the natural environment are not exhaustible, they do not keep up with their rebuilding at this pace of exploitation. That is why social awareness and responsibility both of producers and customers play such an important role. They are one of the instruments needed to operate in accordance with the concept of sustainable development. The aim of the research was to examine social awareness and responsibility among customers of service enterprises. The research was conducted with the use of an online survey, which allowed to show whether the customers of such enterprises are interested in the concept of the sustainable development, if they take it into account when using various services. The need for environmental education was indicated, which could strengthen the social awareness and responsibility among Polish customers.
Influence of Technical Condition of Control and Measurement Equipment on Calibration Results
Authors: Kawalec Małgorzata , Karolina Czerwińska , Pacana Andrzej
Published: June 2021

In the paper there are analyzed the procedures used in the process of calibrating concerning control and measurement equipment. There was assumed the mathematical model of the measuring instrument which was then analyzed. The factors that result from the imperfect technical condition of the control and measurement equipment and may have an impact on the measurement results were also analyzed. Models of errors’ models were assumed that may affect the calibration results. The static calibration of control and measurement equipment was analyzed. The results of numerical simulations concerning the static calibration of control and measurement equipment were presented, taking into account the linear and non-linear processing functions of the measurement equipment. The results of computations obtained for various models of processing functions were compared with each other and conclusions were drawn regarding the accuracy of the mapping of the measured quantity.
Stability and Availability of Goods on the Market in Times of Crisis 2020 (COVID-19 Crisis) - Security of Supply in Everyday Life
Authors: Klimecka-Tatar Dorota , Kiriliuk Olga , Baryshnikova Natalia
Published: June 2021

The sudden introduction of restrictions related to the pandemic situation caused by the new SARS-COV-2 of virus causing COVID-19 had a significant impact on people’s lives. Limited access to products and services has caused chaos in the market. The goal of this paper is to find out the opinion on the resulting limitations in access to everyday products - during the period of partial lockdown. Based on the research, it was found that during the lockdown caused by the epidemic situation (COVID-19), people feel limited access to some products of everyday life, which in turn has an impact on their sense of anxiety and security. People noted the greatest limited availability of food products and in particular fresh fruit and vegetables, also reported limited access to pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, people confirmed that as the main reasons for anxiety and insecurity are the limited access to food products and to pharmaceuticals.
Occupational Risk Analysis in the Position of a Policeman from Patrol and Intervention Link – A Case Study
Authors: Jagusiak-Kocik Marta
Published: June 2021

The work presents the assessment of occupational risk using the Risk Score method for the position of a policeman from the Patrol and Intervention Link. A policeman in this position often works in conditions that are not only hazardous to health, but also to life. It patrols streets, buildings, etc. and participates in many interventions. Therefore, it seems important to raise the topic of occupational risk in such a position. By assessing occupational risk using the Risk Score method, threats were identified with the highest risk and activities that may reduce this risk have been indicated.
Employment and Labour Market Impact of COVID-19 Crisis - Part 1 – Analysis in Poland
Authors: Rosak-Szyrocka Joanna , Abbas Ali Abdulhassan , Akhtar Humair , Refugio Craig
Published: June 2021

The world is changing really fast. This speed is caused by urbanization, technological development and the increasing demand for energy. Such changes have a direct impact on enterprises which function in the world of VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) with numerous surprises in the form of “black swans”, i.e. rare and unpredictable events. The modern history has not seen such a lockdown as the one caused by the coronavirus. Hairdressers, cosmeticians, restaurants, transportation and tourism are particularly affected by the negative effects of the pandemic. But while some lose, others profit: growth can be observed in the areas of e-commerce, courier shipping and parcel lockers. The article analyzes the labor market in covid times. The image of enterprises and employees of the future was discussed. The paper is an introduction part of an international research conducted as part of cooperation between Universities from Poland, Pakistan, Iraq and the Philippines.
Management of Packaging Labeling Technology in the Context of Improving the Final Product Quality and Work Safety
Authors: Knop Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

High demands on the aesthetics of the final product as well as sophisticated packaging shapes make the labeling process an operation that requires more and more precision and quality of workmanship. The quality of the labeling process is influenced mainly by the technology used, i.e. machinery and equipment, the knowledge, skills, and experience of operators, organization and working methods used, and by aspects related to proper maintenance. This article is a case study on the analysis and evaluation of the technology used in the process of labeling glass packaging and its impact on quality and work safety. The article aims to answer the question: does the labeling machine used by the surveyed company, due to the current portfolio of modernity of its parts and subassemblies, guarantee the realization of the labeling process at a high quality level and work safety. The article discusses in depth the factors influencing the quality of the process of labeling glass packaging in the studied company, paying attention to the issues related to the applied technology. ABC technology method was used to assess technology level and also indirectly safety level and Ishikawa diagram, L shape matrix diagram and affinity diagram to analyze and improve quality level. The article ends with a list of specific improvement actions to be taken to achieve the ultimate goal of managing the technology of glass packaging labeling - high quality of the final product resulting from the labeling process.
Manufacturing Capacity Management By Using Modern Simulation Tools
Authors: Krynke Marek
Published: June 2021

Determining the parameters of the production system as well as the choice of the type of manufactured elements flow shall appoint the level of effectiveness of the manufacturing process. The article presents an example of implementation the simulation verification process of the production flow, taking into account system constraints. The basic stages of developing a simulation model in this process are discussed, taking into account the necessary information and input data. The results show the impact of the application selected flow scenarios on the level of generated costs and the duration of the manufacturing process. The process of assessing individual variants of the organization production was performed on the basis of the results obtained by computer simulation in the FlexSim simulation software.
Managing the Dust Degree –Related Risks in Valea Jiului Collieries: A Synthesis
Authors: Burdea Florin-Ionel , Moraru Roland-Iosif
Published: June 2021

The paper aims to make a synthesis regarding the risks associated with the presence of industrial dust in the underground atmosphere of the coal mines. Thus, in the first part of it are presented relevant aspects regarding the health risk associated with the exposure to silica dust, as well as the flammability and explosiveness of the coal dust, in correlation with the mechanism of the explosion. The second part is dedicated to identifying and substantiating measures to combat the explosiveness of coal dust. In presenting the mentioned measures, the emphasis is placed on highlighting the scope and the specific advantages and disadvantages of each measure, with particular emphasis on the possibilities offered by the use of less employed techniques in mining operations in the Jiu Valley, such as it is, for example, the treatment of mining works with hygroscopic substances. The purpose of the authors is to offer the experts in the field of management of occupational safety and health in the mining industry an overview, in conjunction with specific information elements that facilitate the decision-making processes regarding the minimization of the hazards associated with the degree of coal dustiness in the Jiu Valley collieries.
Ecological Analysis of Selected Stages of the Food Packaging Production Process
Authors: Bałdowska-Witos Patrycja , Idzikowski Adam
Published: June 2021

Eco-efficiency is a new concept of environmental analysis seeking to improve products, processes and manufacturing materials. The eco-efficiency analysis gives the opportunity to find the most effective solution with the lowest environmental burden in the bottle forming process. For this purpose, the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) technique of environmental management was used to evaluate selected stages of the bottle forming process. The analysis was carried out using the Eco Indicator 99 method using the SimaPro software.
The Identification of Problems in Production Process Using Elements of Second Toyota’s Management Principle – Case Study
Authors: Mielczarek Krzysztof
Published: June 2021

The paper presents a case study of the practical use of BOST surveys to identify problems that are the most important in production process. The research object is company from electrical industry. It was made the identification and of areas geneating problems from the second Toyota’s management principle point of view. Analysis of the research results was presented in the form of tables, histograms, radar chart and some statistical tools. Some production workers of the company with the help of BOST questionnaire survey showed, which factors are the most important. The aim of the analysis is to present which factors are the most important by building the significance sequences of obtained results. The results obtained for the type of small and medium-sized enterprises overlap with the results of tests verified in other enterprises.
Organizing of Interaction Between Universities and the Business-Environment in Terms of Stakeholders
Authors: Dabylova Malika , Zhidebekkyzy Aknur
Published: June 2021

The interaction between universities and business in the field of innovation is practically relatively simple and straightforward, but at the same time requires careful construction of complex processes. All these processes of interaction are directly related to people and the organization. The term “stakeholders” applied only to employees of the enterprise, but due to the current changes, it has acquired a social orientation. The term is now common in many scientific publications. It can be applied to the organization itself and outside the organization in the organization of interaction between universities and business. The purpose of the study was to define and identify the interactions between universities and enterprises, depending on the type of activity. The HEIinovate tool was used to get the result among 2 universities in Kazakhstan and Poland. The results of the study show that the identification of internal stakeholders of interaction between universities and business in the field of innovation plays a key role in the joint work of both parties.
Identification of Risk: An Empirical Evidence
Authors: Wojtyto Dorota , Michalik Joanna , Pałęga Michał , Angelova Mina
Published: June 2021

The focus of the paper is to identify risks in various areas of operation of a selected trade and production company. The risks primarily referred to threats that had direct or indirect impact on the functioning of the organisation, thence the causes of their occurrence and effects are determined. Identification of individual risks is made based on analyses of internal and external context of the enterprise. In this study, over thirty key risks were identified, in the operational and strategic area, which is related to the taking of immediate action. The final stage of the paper includes preparation of control mechanisms allowing for minimisation or elimination of the discovered risks.
Noise Level Measurement and Analysis in a Manufacturing Enterprise
Authors: Wojtyto Dorota , Michalik Joanna , Angelova Mina
Published: June 2021

Noise is one of the most common physical factors causing nuisance and harmful to worker health in the long term. The focus of the research was the measurement and analysis of the noise level at the screw injection moulding machine operation station intended for plastic elements’ manufacturing. The occupational risk evaluation was conducted based on the observed data. The results of the study allowed for the development of precautionary and preventive measures. Furthermore, the paper features identification of the work environment factors occurring in the studied manufacturing enterprise with division to dangerous, harmful, and bothersome.
Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Food Safety Training of Food Sector Employees? Case Study
Authors: Dziuba Szymon T. , Ulewicz Anna
Published: June 2021

Food health safety has always been an important element for consumers. Enterprises in the food sector want to meet customer expectations and the requirements set out in national and international legislation and implement a variety of tools, methods, or techniques in their organizations. Increasing health safety and even improving the quality of produced food is possible through properly planned training of employees. This training should be tailored to the capabilities and needs of both employees and the enterprise. Nowadays, with the era of the COVID -19 pandemic, training in food safety becomes of particular importance, as the production of safe food is a basic objective to be taken into account by all employees. Under these circumstances, it seems appropriate to carry out additional training in the prevention of the spread of COVID-19 in the context of the health safety of the produced food. The aim of the present paper is to examine the subjective assessment of food employees regarding the amount and quality of food safety training in the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is a pilot study conducted at the turn of December 2020.
The Use of Ergonomic Analysis Methods as Supprt in the Assessment of Occupational Risk in the Position of a Seller in a Small Grocery Store (Poland)
Authors: Kielesińska Agata
Published: June 2021

The profession of a seller (especially in small grocery stores) does not enjoy a social respect. The reasons for this are, above all, low requirements, low salary and difficult working conditions. In addition, too little attention is paid in the literature to this profession from the point of view of safety and hazards at work. However, the problem of working conditions in the position of a salesman is an important issue concerning a very large number of people. The paper deals with this difficult topic by describing selected methods of ergonomic analysis and using them to assess occupational risk at the seller’s workplace. In the paper, the results of the Ergonomic Checkpoint List, as well as the results of questionnaire surveys are presented. All the results are related to the possibility of proper identification and the probability of hazards occurrence in the position of a seller.
Employee Satisfaction with the Employer’s Health Safety Activities During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Zadros Katarzyna
Published: June 2021

The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has resulted in significant changes in employers’ attitudes to employee health safety, as a new rapidly spreading threat has emerged. A characteristic feature of this threat is very little knowledge about it and the lack of effective treatments and prevention procedures. The short time since the outbreak of the pandemic also means that there is very little knowledge about how employers try to protect employees from infection with this virus, as well as how effective these actions are and how employees evaluate them. Therefore, among couriers of UPS companies in Poland and Germany a survey of the satisfaction was undertaken regarding the solutions adopted and implemented by managers in the field of shaping the health safety of employees. The survey uses the modified Customer Satisfaction Index - CSI method, for which employees were treated as internal customers. As a result of the research, it was possible to compare employee satisfaction with the solutions used by managers to protect their health in Poland and Germany, and shape conclusions resulting from this study.
The Influence of a Reinforced Beam on the Safety of Engineering Structures
Authors: Kwiatkowski Tomasz , Kwiatkowski Dariusz
Published: June 2021

The Reinforcement with carbon tapes is the next step to increase the safety of using elements of engineering structures. The conducted tests illustrate the strength capabilities of aluminum beams reinforced with a CFRP tape. The aim of the conducted tests is to compare the bending strength of aluminum beams before and after the reinforcement. On the basis of the numerical analysis, the displacements and stresses in the modeled beams were also compared. Moreover, the possible applications of the reinforced aluminum beam in engineering structures are presented in this article
The Professional Situation Od Disabled People on the Bieszczady Poviat
Authors: Tkacz Magdalena
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to present the functionality of unemployed disabled people at the shows of the Bieszczady poviat based on the data presented in individual documents. The article is important for people with disabilities in relation the problems that plague them in carrying out everyday places. For many patients, work is an opportunity to break away from everyday problems and function on the basis of meeting subsequent goals related to professional work.
Risk Management in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic in an Enterprise – Ishikawa Cause-and-Effect Diagram
Authors: Saja Piotr , Woźny Artur , Bednarova Lucia
Published: June 2021

Business continuity depends on the quality of management of individual processes. The management team strives to anticipate all possible threats and define protective measures. In the event of the COVID-19 pandemic enterprises were not prepared for such threats. Therefore, an important role is played by the health and safety inspector who should be involved in the company management process. The impact of the safety aspects of the work environment on the quality and efficiency of work is even more important in the event of an unexpected hazard that is difficult to completely eliminate. The purpose of the paper is to present the causes and effects of the COVID-19 biohazard according to the Ishikawa diagram on the example of a selected process in an enterprise.
An Improving the Occupational Risk Assessment in Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Siwiec Dominika , Woźny Artur , Pacana Andrzej
Published: June 2021

An occupational risk assessment is one of the main processes to assure a safe and healthy workplace. It was shown, that this process is particularly important in the cause of industrial enterprises, in which the number of accidents is the largest. In these enterprises, one of the most often practiced methods is the PN-N-18002 method. However, it was concluded this method has some limitations. They concern the way of assessing the risks in the traditional number scale, which is less precise than the fuzzy triangular number (using in FAHP). Therefore, the aim is to improve the process of assessment in industrial enterprises by integrated the PN-N-18002 method with the FAHP method (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process). The test of the proposed method was made for three machine operator positions used to aggregate extraction in one of the Podkarpacie enterprises. These positions were: loader operator (Ł-34), digger operator (CAT 323), dredge operator (300/250 KREBS 10/8). The concept of the method was to identify in a precise way what is the greatest extent danger to the operators of these workplaces. It was shown, that it is the work at height. It was concluded, that this method can be practice to risk assessment of other workplaces, among others from industrial enterprises. The originality is the integrated risk assessment method (PN-N-18002) with the fuzzy multicriteria decision method (FAHP) as part of achieving the precise results of risk assessment.
Social Awareness and Responsibility in Context of Polish Service Companies
Authors: Bsoul-Kopowska Magdalena
Published: June 2021

Companies operating on the market have to cope with a variety of crisis situations which may adversely affect their development and jeopardise the achievement of their objectives. A crisis situation may, on the one hand, have a negative impact on the development of the company, but, on the other hand, it may provide a stimulus and have a constructive effect on its functioning. One of the factors influencing the ability to function of a business, including crisis situations, is its organisational culture. Therefore, a company responding to the situation should assess the conditions both in its environment and inside it and verify the artefacts, the system of values and the main principles that are the basis for building an organisational culture. Many companies that are dealing with a crisis situation decide to undertake a conscious process of cultural transformation. However, it requires the management to take appropriate actions and the time of a crisis situation is a test for many companies – whether in such a difficult moment something can still be done with the organisational culture, or whether the entrepreneurs can only wait for its inevitable impact on the functioning of the company. The subject of this article is the impact of a crisis situation on changes occurring within the organisational culture. The study attempts to evaluate the role of organizational culture in crisis situations based on the current state of knowledge and crisis events related to COVID-19.
Innovation Management in the Area of Finances and Accounting in the SME Sector
Authors: Kapler Monika
Published: June 2021

In the era of strong economic development, one of the elements of a company’s competitiveness is innovation. It determines the company’s development and its success. Appropriate management of innovations in a company determines specific activities in the areas - search, planning, implementation, diffusion and control. Innovations can be about products, processes, organization and marketing. There are many innovations in the financial sector that increase the quality and efficiency of work. This article presents the results of a study conducted using a survey among financial services companies and companies that use a number of financial and accounting innovations in their activities to improve their activities in this area. The research was carried out at the end of 2019 in 40 enterprises of the SME sector in the Śląskie Voivodeship. The results of the research were compared with the prevailing trends both in Poland and in the world, based on publicly available reports and messages. Thegoalof this article is to draw attention to the level of innovative activity in the financial and accounting area of enterprises from the SME sector, and to identify and analyze the elements of managing these innovations in the explored enterprises.
Contemporary Conditions of Information Security
Authors: Gałecki Andrzej
Published: June 2021

In the age of the information society, determined by the evolution of digital technology, information has become an essential element of the functioning of every human being. Its acquisition, processing and distribution serves to satisfy the key areas of society’s life and constitutes a necessary component of every decision-making process. These days became dominated by the increasing demand for information. The problem of its protection against unwanted obtaining (disclosure) has become a challenge for many scientific communities. This state of affairs has forced us to take a number of steps to ensure the security of useful information, characterized by accuracy, unambiguity, completeness and authenticity. The problem of information security is inseparably linked to the threats present in the cyberspace environment. They are commonly identified with the so-called computer crime, resulting in factors like: infiltration, obtaining passwords and other data used for logging in, identity theft, damage (blocking) of systems and their software. Information manipulation is a completely different and underestimated threat to rational decision-making process. Wherefore, useful information that is characterized by the expected properties, is exposed not only to destruction or unauthorized acquisition, but also to distortion. Rising anxiety about the credibility of the information received in the virtual space and the sources of its transmission forced the need to distinguish the real form from the one that was modified. The presented conditions prompted the author to propose solutions with regard to information security, determined by the difficulty of obtaining it and manipulating it.
Embedded Systems Ensuring Safety for People With Disabilities
Authors: Chajduga Tomasz
Published: June 2021

The publication discusses the concept of modern embedded systems that can be programmed and build in bigger systems in order to ensure the safety of people with disabilities. Article presents the definition of embedded system and, also, introduces the definition of the author. What is more, article briefly presents the most popular and developed in the fastest way exemplary systems: ARM, STM32, Raspberry PI, Sony Spresense and NvidiaJetson. Moreover, the main reasons were described why the embedded systems are used in more and more solutions and the factors that strengthen this trend have been noted: labor costs reduction through automation, reduction of costs of development of a new product through the possibility of making quick changes and reduction of product testing time, value creation potential and, also, the way to individualize the possibilities of electronics. Also, the examples of usage of those systems were presented. Finally, the practical side of programming and testing the embedded systems were described: ‘radar‘ (a torch) for blind people, help with balance disorders and the device to help with problems with orientation in space. In the conclusions, author shapes the estimated potential future of electronics supported with modern embedded systems, which as author believes makes this article the comprehensive study.
Impact of Social Capital on Health Safety During the SARS - CoV - 2 Flu Pandemic
Authors: Bylok Felicjan
Published: June 2021

This paper describes the role of social capital in terms of stimulating activities aimed at improving health safety in times of the Covid 19 pandemic. Ensuring health safety constitutes one of the fundamental aims of every health care system, which is executed by means of multiple institutions associated with health care, as well as through collective action. Social capital stimulates collective action with the aim of stopping the spread of the pandemic. The aim of this paper is to search for ties between social capital and the spread of the pandemic in Poland. As a result of empirical research, it was established that strong social capital had a significant impact on the lower number of Covid-19 infections in provinces in Poland. Simultaneously, this impact is dependent on the level of infections in society. The greater the number of Covid-19 infections, the less social capital restricts the spread of the pandemic.
Technological Risk in the Context of Process Approach and Risk Assessment
Authors: Karkoszka Tatiana
Published: June 2021

The processes effectiveness means their ability to achieve the planned aims. While planning the aims, one should currently take into consideration not only the quality parameters but also all of the criteria reflecting the expectations stated by the interested parties. Influence on the processes by the factors disturbing their realization requires such their monitoring and regulation to make the aims achievable. In return, it requires development and application of the processes assessment methods enabling pointing out their pivotal points and the possibilities of their monitoring. The study proposes the following combination: process approach and risk assessment enabling pointing out the “risky” processes as well as their “risky” aspects. The risk of the particular process has been evaluated by taking advantage of two methods considering various risk parameters as well as various individual criteria for assessing the mentioned parameters. Application of the developed methodologies of risk analysis and assessment of its acceptability allowed for formulating the conclusion that while risk assessment the following aspects are important: choice of the risk parameters, application of the individual assessment criteria of these parameters and taking advantage of the risk acceptability scale of the process, depending on the phase of its improvement. Properly prepared method of risk assessment gives the chance for the effective monitoring of the process risk refraining from its particular threats.
Socially Responsible Real Estate Brokerage in the Pandemic Era
Authors: Tomski Piotr
Published: June 2021

Social responsibility in the real estate brokerage, which is essentially “people’s business” may be particularly important while facing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and coming down with COVID-19, which is largely the result of interpersonal contact. Thus, the sector seems to be an important link in preventing the spread of infections. The objective of the study is to analyze the adjustment of the real estate sector to new challenges in terms of CSR, related to the coronavirus pandemic.
Corporate Social Responsibility of Heating Companies in Poland in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Wrzalik Aleksandra
Published: June 2021

In the coming years, the heating sector in Poland will undergo further changes as a result of the implementation of the country’s energy policy within the European Union. Its main goals are: increasing energy efficiency, development of renewable energy sources and meeting legal and environmental requirements. Their implementation should take into account the observance of CSR principles in order to ensure a stable supply of heat to industrial and municipal consumers with high energy efficiency and limitation of the environmental impact. The article presents the conditions for the operation of the heating industry in Poland and CSR issues in heating companies. Particular attention was paid to the issue of energy poverty and its reduction. The application of social responsibility practices in heating industry on the basis of activities of selected enterprises in this sector was presented. The importance of social responsibility of heating companies in the implementation of a just energy transition in Poland was also indicated.
Risk Estimation with the Application of the Matrix Method During the Operation of the Forklift
Authors: Kozińska Monika , Radek Norbert , Rozlach Andrzej , Mazur Magdalena
Published: June 2021

The paper presents issues related to the analysis of the position of a forklift operator.Hazards at the workplace were presented and risk estimation was carried out using the matrix method on the position of a forklift operator. The risk assessment using the matrix method was performed in accordance with the PN-N-18002: 2011 standard. The hazards at the forklift operator’s workplace were identified and the occupational risk was assessed. In addition, the employee’s personal protective equipment and security factors are also presented, which have been defined to increase the safety of work with forklifts.
Management of Occupational Risk Analysis of Employees Recovered from COVID-19 Pandemic – An Individual Case Analysis
Authors: Woźny Artur
Published: June 2021

In accordance with the applicable law, an employer cares for safe and hygienic working conditions. An occupational risk analysis isone of the elements determining the level of safety. The risks that may significantly contribute to the damage are identified through the activities related to the risk assessment. The role of an employer is to counteract these threats. The COVID-19 pandemic has had many negative consequences for the functioning of enterprises and the health and safety at work. The subject of the paper is to update the occupational risk among selected employees after the COVID-19 pandemic. Depending on the work environment, an employee is exposed to various types of risks that significantly affect not only health and safety, but also comfort, quality and work efficiency. COVID-19 causes various negative consequences, so it is important for the employer to monitor the employee’s return process after the infection for a long time (approximately 2 months). Adjusting working conditions and temporarily reducing work intensity (expectations and work results) relatively increase the possibility of recovery and a faster return to full productivity.
Energy Saving and CO2 Mitigation as a Result of Reshaping Transportation in Jordan to Focus on the Use of Electric Passenger Cars
Authors: Albatayneh Aiman , Assaf Mohammed N. , Al-Qroum Muna , Alterman Dariusz
Published: June 2021

Just over half of the energy consumed in Jordan is consumed by transportation, of which passenger cars account for 57 %. This has increased fuel bills and elevated CO2 emissions, creating social and economic pressures. However, these can be ameliorated by enhancing the efficiency with which energy in the transportation sector is utilised. In Jordan, most of the passenger cars in 2017 ran on diesel and gasoline fuel, with only a small percentage (0.23 %, equivalent to 3586 cars) running on electricity. The aim of this paper was to assess the possible advantages of replacing passenger cars that run on fossil fuel with electrically powered vehicles. This was achieved through an examination of six scenarios where the key variable was the type of fuel needed to produce the electricity required to charge the cars. Different replacement percentages were also tested. Detailed analysis and calculations of CO2e emissions and the electricity needed were then performed. The results indicated that replacing fossil fuel passenger cars with electric cars is an effective option for reducing the amount of CO2e emissions and can decelerate the rate at which energy is consumed in the transportation sector, dramatically reducing the national fuel bill. If the running costs of car fuel are reduced, the use of renewable energy technologies based on solar and wind will also reduce the level of GHG emissions.
Temporal Trends in Phosphorus Concentrations and Losses from Agricultural Monitoring Sites in Latvia
Authors: Siksnane Ieva , Lagzdins Ainis
Published: June 2021

The Baltic Sea is the youngest sea on our planet, the environment of the sea is considered to be unique and fragile. It is affected by various human activities resulting in the impairment of water quality. Riverine nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) loads are among the major causes of eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. This study examines temporal trends in water discharge, total phosphorus (TP) and orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) concentrations and losses from three agricultural runoff monitoring sites in Latvia including Berze, Mellupite, and Vienziemite. The annual datasets of TP and PO4-P concentrations and losses were tested for statistical trends using a nonparametric test - the Mann-Kendall trend test. The timeframe of this study was from 1995 until 2018. The results show a large variety of annual mean concentrations and losses of TP and PO4-P in the study period. No statistically significant trend was detected for TP losses. Meanwhile, statistically significant downward trends were observed for TP concentrations in four out of six study sites and in two study sites for PO4-P concentrations.
Analysis of CO2 Valorisation Options for Regional Development
Authors: Terjanika Viktorija , Gusca Julija , Pubule Jelena , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: June 2021

Mitigation of CO2 emissions has become a top-question in international and national arenas, likewise on the city level. Existing CO2 mitigation measures are primarily oriented towards wider deployment of low-carbon technologies of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures, focusing on energy production, distribution and energy use sectors, as well as the transport sector. Due to higher CO2 reduction efficiency and the cost aspect, the direct CO2 mitigation options currently applied are mostly oriented on large scale CO2 generators. Meanwhile the rural, sparsely populated regions already suffer from a lack of innovative industrial economic activities, inhabitant’s migration to urban areas and mostly involved in agriculture, land use and forestry activities. They are also “saved” by the public authorities from targeted CO2 emissions mitigation actions, therefore, the understanding of processes within rural CO2 economy sectors, factors, interconnections and effects to the environment and nature quality and finally guidelines to future actions are crucial. To analyse CO2 valorisation options for regional development, a multi-modelling approach combining literature review, an indicator analysis method and a multi-criteria decision-making analysis were used. As a result, CO2 valorisation options and key performance indicators were defined and multi-criteria analysis for regional decarbonization scenarios were performed.
Upgrade from SEAP to SECAP: Experience of 6 European Municipalities
Authors: Jekabsone Anda , Marín José Pablo Delgado , Martins Sofia , Rosa Marika , Kamenders Agris
Published: June 2021

Since 2008 many municipalities in the European Union have taken part in the Covenant of Mayors (CoM) initiative and have developed Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAP) to contribute to climate change mitigation. To respond to new policy goals for 2030, the CoM has expanded its focus and since 2018 requires municipalities to cover climate adaptation actions. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the first experiences of six municipalities from Spain, Portugal and Latvia in upgrading their existing Sustainable Energy Actions Plans to Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans (SECAP). SECAPs were developed through a participatory process involving all relevant local stakeholders, to gain maximum understanding and acceptance. Each municipality implemented climate adaption actions to demonstrate the need for adaptation and the ways it can be accomplished.