bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A supplement of the genus Diaphanogryllacris (Orthoptera: Gryllacridinae)
from China
Authors: DU BAOJIE , BIAN XUN , SHI FUMING
Published: October 2016

Based on the earlier studies (Karny, 1937; Bey-Bienko, 1957; Bey-Bienko & Andrianova, 1959; Di et al., 2014; Liu, 1999; Gorochov & Woznessenskij, 2000; Otte, 2000), Gorochov et al. (2015) reported 4 new species and 3 new subspecies from Thailand and Laos, and Du et al. (2016) described 2 new species from China. So far, the genus Diaphanogryllacris includes 26 species (Eades et al., 2016), 5 of which are recorded in China. This paper is a continuation studies for the Chinese Diaphanogryllacris.
Carotid Artery Intima–Media Thickness Predicts Major Cardiovascular Events During 7-Year Follow-Up in 64-Year-Old Women Irrespective of Other Glucometabolic Factors
Authors: Schmidt Caroline , Bergström Göran
Published: October 2016

Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most CV events are caused by atherosclerosis. Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance are associated with greater carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) and increased risk for CVD. The present study examined if common carotid artery IMT (CCAIMT) is predictive of CVD irrespective of glucose tolerance category and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a sample of 639 women with different glucose tolerance categories. During 7-year follow-up, 30 events in the cardiac and 32 events in the cerebral territory were documented. Unadjusted Cox hazard models showed that CCAIMT, glucose tolerance category, and HbA1c were associated with increased risk. An adjusted and extended model, including CCAIMT, glucose tolerance category, and HbA1c, showed that CCAIMT was still associated with events with an almost unchanged hazard ratio. In conclusion, this study suggests that CCAIMT is predictive of major CV events during 7-year follow-up, irrespective of glucose tolerance category, HbA1c, and other established risk factors in a cohort of 64-year-old women.
Examination of Heterogeneous Societies
Authors: Glückstad Fumiko Kano , Schmidt Mikkel N. , Mørup Morten
Published: October 2016

The recent development of data analytic tools rooted around the Multi-Group Latent Class Analysis (MGLCA) has enabled the examination of heterogeneous datasets in a cross-cultural context. Although the MGLCA is considered as an established and popular cross-cultural data analysis approach, the infinite relational model (IRM) is a new and disruptive type of unsupervised clustering approach that has been developed recently by cognitive psychologists and computer scientists. In this article, an extended version of the IRM coined the multinominal IRM—or mIRM in short—is applied to a cross-cultural analysis of survey data available from the World Value Survey organization. Specifically, the present work analyzes response patterns of the Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ) representing Schwartz’s 10 basic values of Japanese and Swedes. The applied model exposes heterogeneous structures of the two societies consisting of fine-grained response patterns expressed by the respective subpopulations and extracts latent typological structures contrasting and highlighting similarities and differences between these two societies. In the final section, we discuss similarities and differences identified between the MGLCA and the mIRM approaches, which indicate potential applications and contributions of the mIRM and the general IRM framework for future cross-cultural data analyses.
Can new urbanism infill development contribute to social sustainability? The case of Orlando, Florida
Authors: Kim Jeongseob , Larsen Kristin
Published: October 2016

The new urbanism promotes preferred design and land use patterns as a means to enhance quality of life through socioeconomic diversity, but many criticise these assertions of causality. Deriving community indicators for social sustainability – including housing affordability and socioeconomic diversity – and from studies assessing new urbanism as an infill development tool, we examine the impact of new urbanism infill development in Parramore, an economically distressed inner city neighbourhood, and Baldwin Park, a brownfield inner-ring suburb, with comparative control neighbourhoods in Orlando, Florida. In Parramore, active new urbanism implementation, including HOPE VI and the Partnership for Sustainable Communities, reflect revitalisation efforts through increased socioeconomic diversity. Meanwhile, the Baldwin Park plan incorporates many new urbanist best practices. The findings from these two distinct cases of infill development indicate that the new urbanism does not necessarily ensure social sustainability, though these principles are often integrated into publicly funded revitalisation initiatives dedicated to doing so through mixed use and mixed income development.
The theory and reality of urban slums: Pathways-out-of-poverty or cul-de-sacs?
Authors: Turok Ivan , Borel-Saladin Jackie
Published: October 2016

This article explores two contrasting perspectives on the role of informal settlements in urban labour markets. One proposes that they help to lift households out of rural poverty and onto a path to prosperity through affordable access to urban opportunities. The other suggests that the debilitating conditions confine residents to enduring hardship and insecurity. South Africa is an important test case because of the extent of social and spatial inequalities, and the policy ambivalence towards shack settlements. Preliminary evidence indicates that employment rates are much closer to formal urban areas than to rural areas, but conditions of employment are noticeably worse. Other forms of data are required to assess the magnitude and timescale of economic progression for households.
Taking account of the ‘part of those that have no part’
Authors: Derickson Kate Driscoll
Published: October 2016

In this commentary, I argue that Rancière’s concept of the ‘part of those that have no part’ is a valuable and overlooked intervention in how the constitution of ‘the political’ can be understood. While some reject the narrowing of what counts as ‘political’ in Rancière’s work, I argue that by drawing attention to inevitability of the constitutive outside of the social, Rancière forces a constructive reckoning with the way more capacious conceptions of the political can elide and reproduce the inherently partial nature of the attendant social formation.
Unlocking the mind-trap: Politicising urban theory and practice
Authors: Swyngedouw Erik
Published: October 2016

This contribution offers a critical engagement with the Critical Commentary paper of Beveridge and Koch (2017) entitled ‘The postpolitical trap? Reflections on politics, agency and the city’. I argue that post-politicisation as a particular form of de-politicisation does not imply the disappearance of politics. On the contrary, it involves the re-ordering of the modalities of politics (contentious or otherwise) and of the possibilities of the political with far-reaching consequences for the modalities of egalitarian and emancipatory urban change. I explore the key contours of the post-politicisation argument and develop the thesis that ‘the political’ can never be foreclosed fully.
How Archaeological Evidence Bites Back
Authors: Wylie Alison
Published: October 2016

Archaeological data are shadowy in a number of senses. They are notoriously incomplete and fragmentary, and the sedimented layers of interpretive scaffolding on which archaeologists rely to constitute these data as evidence carry the risk that they will recognize only those data that conform to expectation. These epistemic anxieties further suggest that, once recovered, there is little prospect for putting “legacy” data to work in new ways. And yet the “data imprints” of past lives are a rich evidential resource; archaeologists successfully mine old data sets for new insights that redirect inquiry, often calling into question assumptions embedded in the scaffolding that made their recovery possible in the first place. I characterize three strategies by which archaeologists address the challenges posed by legacy data: secondary retrieval and recontextualization of primary data, and the use old data in experimental simulations of the cultural past under study. By these means, archaeologists establish evidential claims of varying degrees of credibility, not by securing empirical bedrock but through a process of continuously building and rebuilding provisional empirical foundations.
Beyond Differentiation and Integration: The Challenges of Managing Internal Complexity in Federations
Authors: Toubiana Madeline , Oliver Christine , Bradshaw Patricia
Published: October 2016

In this paper we examine the management of internal complexity in federations as a means of shedding new light on how the challenges inherent in governing these forms of inter-organizational networks are managed. Our analysis reveals that these networked organizations differed as a function of their approach to four complexity management activities: perspective shifting, shaping interactions, managing standards and constructing commitment. Based on the use of these four activities we identify three approaches to complexity management in this study – leveraging complexity, suppressing complexity and disengaging from complexity. Each of these approaches differed in their focus on differentiation or integration in the implementation of complexity management activities. We found that only leveraging complexity went beyond separate management activities aimed at differentiation or integration and employed policies and activities that possessed the capacity to optimize both simultaneously. In doing so, our study highlights new possibilities for complexity management by revealing the ways in which management activities can be designed to optimize both integration and differentiation.
Guardians of the Internet: Building and Sustaining the Anonymous Online Community
Authors: Massa Felipe G
Published: October 2016

Online communities have displaced or become complements to organizations such as churches, labor unions and political groups which have traditionally been at the center of collective action. Yet, despite their growing influence and support of faster, cheaper and more flexible organizing, few empirical studies address how online communities are built and become enduring agents of social change. Using Internet-based ethnographic methods, this inductive field study examines how an online community called Anonymous transitioned from being a small gathering of contributors focused on recreation to becoming a community of trolls, activists and hackers incubating myriad projects. Findings reveal that the interplay of digital technology and a culture of transgression supported experimentation that culminated with the adoption of a resilient organizing platform that enabled several community factions to coexist in continuous engagement. This paper infuses community building research with an important emphasis on the role of the techno-cultural, highlighting how online formation and maintenance processes are shaped and shape mutually contingent technologies and cultures.
A retrospective study of sedation and analgesic requirements of pediatric patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) from a single-center experience
Authors: Anton-Martin Pilar , Modem Vinai , Taylor Donna , Potter Donald , Darnell-Bowens Cindy
Published: October 2016

Introduction:

The purpose of this study is to describe the sedative and analgesic requirements identifying factors associated with medication escalation in neonates and children supported on ECMO.

Method:

Observational retrospective cohort study in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit from June 2009 to June 2013.

Results:

One hundred and sixty patients were included in the study. Fentanyl and midazolam were the first line agents used while on ECMO. Higher opiate requirements were associated with younger age (p=0.01), thoracic cannulation (p=0.002), the use of dexmedetomidine (p=0.007) and prolonged use of muscle relaxants (p=0.03). Higher benzodiazepine requirements were associated with younger age (p=0.01), respiratory failure (p=0.02) and the use of second line agents (p=0.002). One third of the patients required second line agents as adjuvants for comfort without a decrease in opiate and/or benzodiazepine requirements.

Conclusions:

Providing comfort to subpopulations of pediatric ECMO patients seems to be more challenging. The use of second line agents did not improve comfort in our cohort. Prospective studies are required to optimize analgesia and sedation management in children on ECMO.
Harnessing the Power of Religion
Authors: El Jurdi Hounaida A. , Batat Wided , Jafari Aliakbar
Published: October 2016

Sustainability research in the macromarketing literature has been largely limited to exploring sociocultural values and norms, business practices, public policies, and economic conditions. Although the concept of ‘values’ constantly recurs in the literature, religious perspectives have received little attention. By presenting an alternative interpretation of what have traditionally been construed as anthropocentric religions, this study highlights the underutilized potential of religions as effective vehicles for initiating cultural transformation towards sustainability. The article calls for contextualized approaches to ecological sustainability that take into account the values and worldviews of target communities, which are often shaped by religious systems. The article concludes that including religions in the sustainability discourse can benefit macromarketing theory and practice in a variety of ways.
Pain Management After Outpatient Shoulder Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Warrender William J. , Syed Usman Ali M. , Hammoud Sommer , Emper William , Ciccotti Michael G. , Abboud Joseph A. , Freedman Kevin B.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Effective postoperative pain management after shoulder arthroscopy is a critical component to recovery, rehabilitation, and patient satisfaction.

Purpose:

This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of level 1 and level 2 evidence regarding postoperative pain management for outpatient arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review of the various modalities reported in the literature for postoperative pain control after outpatient shoulder arthroscopy and analyzed their outcomes. Analgesic regimens reviewed include regional nerve blocks/infusions, subacromial/intra-articular injections or infusions, cryotherapy, and oral medications. Only randomized control trials with level 1 or level 2 evidence that compared 2 or more pain management modalities or placebo were included. We excluded studies without objective measures to quantify postoperative pain within the first postoperative month, subjective pain scale measurements, or narcotic consumption as outcome measures.

Results:

A combined total of 40 randomized control trials met our inclusion criteria. Of the 40 included studies, 15 examined nerve blocks, 4 studied oral medication regimens, 12 studied subacromial infusion, 8 compared multiple modalities, and 1 evaluated cryotherapy. Interscalene nerve blocks (ISBs) were found to be the most effective method to control postoperative pain after shoulder arthroscopy. Increasing concentrations, continuous infusions, and patient-controlled methods can be effective for more aggressively controlling pain. Dexamethasone, clonidine, intrabursal oxycodone, and magnesium have all been shown to successfully improve the duration and adequacy of ISBs when used as adjuvants. Oral pregabalin and etoricoxib administered preoperatively have evidence supporting decreased postoperative pain and increased patient satisfaction.

Conclusion:

On the basis of the evidence in this review, we recommend the use of ISBs as the most effective analgesic for outpatient arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
Modes of Production and Household Production
Authors: Quick Paddy
Published: October 2016

This paper consists of a brief presentation of modes of production in class societies, highlighting the significance of household production in these. This is followed by a new approach to the conceptualization of the (non-class) communist mode of production and the place of household production in such a society.
Major Depression Prevalence Increases with Latitude in Canada
Authors: Patten Scott B. , Williams Jeanne V. A. , Lavorato Dina H. , Wang Jian Li , Bulloch Andrew G. M.
Published: October 2016

Objective:

To determine whether there is an association between latitude and annual major depressive episode (MDE) prevalence in Canada.

Methods:

Data from 2 national survey programs (the National Population Health Survey and the Canadian Community Health Survey) were used, providing 10 data sets collected between 1996 and 2013, together including 922,260 respondents, of whom 495,739 were assessed for MDE using 1 of 2 versions of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a short-form version (8 studies), and a Canadian adaptation of the World Mental Health version (2 studies). Approximate latitude was determined by linkage to postal code data. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and pooled across surveys using individual-level meta-analytic methods.

Results:

In models including latitude as a continuous variable, a statistically significant association was observed, with prevalence increasing with increasing latitude. This association persisted after adjustment for a set of known risk factors. The latitude gradient was modest in magnitude, a 1% to 2% increase in the prevalence odds of MDE per degree of latitude was observed. Due to sparse data, this gradient cannot be confidently generalized beyond major population centres, which tend to occur at less than 55° latitude in Canada.

Conclusion:

A latitude gradient has not previously been reported. If replicated, the gradient may have implications for the planning of services and generation of aetiological hypotheses. However, this cross-sectional analysis cannot confirm aetiology and could not evaluate the potential contributions of variables such as light exposure, weather patterns, or social determinants.
Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Other Dementias in the Lives of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Older Adults and Their Caregivers: Needs and Competencies
Authors: Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen I. , Jen Sarah , Bryan Amanda E. B. , Goldsen Jayn
Published: October 2016

Cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and other dementias are important health concerns for older adults. As a marginalized and growing segment of the older adult population, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults face distinct risk factors related to cognitive impairment and dementias, including social isolation, discrimination, barriers to health care access, limited availability of and support for caregivers, and higher rates of certain chronic illnesses. We examine cognitive impairment and dementias among LGBT older adults, describe their unique risk factors, and outline key competencies for health care and human service providers to ensure culturally relevant care for LGBT older adults experiencing cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, or other dementias, as well as their caregivers, families, and communities. Implications include developing an awareness of the context of LGBT older adults’ lives and relationships, the importance of early detection and support, and the development of policies and practices that promote community-level advocacy and education.
Utility of KTEA-3 Error Analysis for the Diagnosis of Specific Learning Disabilities
Authors: Flanagan Dawn P. , Mascolo Jennifer T. , Alfonso Vincent C.
Published: October 2016

Through the use of excerpts from one of our own case studies, this commentary applied concepts inherent in, but not limited to, the neuropsychological literature to the interpretation of performance on the Kaufman Tests of Educational Achievement–Third Edition (KTEA-3), particularly at the level of error analysis. The approach to KTEA-3 test interpretation advocated here parallels the cognitive process-oriented approach used by McCloskey and colleagues in their interpretation of the Wechsler scales. This approach is also advocated by Hale and Fiorello as part of their cognitive hypothesis testing model and is inherent in the neuropsychological assessment and interpretation frameworks proposed by Miller and Dehn. For the purpose of this commentary, we describe how this approach to KTEA-3 test interpretation fits within our own Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC)-based approach to specific learning disabilities (SLD) identification. To derive maximum benefit from error analysis, practitioners must pay careful attention to the manner in which students respond to test items and copiously document their observations during test administration.
An investigation of the mechanical properties of metallic lattice structures fabricated using selective laser melting
Authors: Feng Qixiang , Tang Qian , Liu Zongmin , Liu Ying , Setchi Rossi
Published: October 2016

Metallic lattice structures manufactured using selective laser melting are widely used in fields such as aerospace and automobile industries in order to save material and reduce energy consumption. An essential element of metallic lattice structures design is determining their mechanical behaviors under loading conditions. Theoretical method based on beam theory has been proposed for evaluating the behaviors of the commonly used body-centered cubic lattice structures. However, it is difficult to predict theoretically the properties of the uniaxially reinforced lattice structures based on the body-centered cubic structures. Since the reinforced structures have superior strength to weight ratio and are deemed promising in lightweight-design applications, this article proposed a force-method-based theoretical method to calculate the mechanical properties of the body-centered cubic structure and its two types of uniaxially reinforced structures fabricated via selective laser melting. The finite element analysis and compression experiment study of selective laser melting samples made using Ti6Al4V powders demonstrated the validity of the proposed analytical method.
Developing schizophrenia
Authors: Cromby John
Published: October 2016

Neuroscience and schizophrenia are densely entangled and mutually supporting, such that a critical evaluation of schizophrenia is, effectively, an evaluation of applied aspects of contemporary neuroscience. A critical historical account of the development of schizophrenia is therefore followed by an overview of current issues and debates. A summary of possible future research directions then identifies a range of extant research strategies which already undercut or exceed this diagnosis. It is concluded that the example of schizophrenia functions more generally to illustrate how neuroscience need not rely upon poorly supported psychiatric concepts of mental illness.
Hybrid psychology as a human science
Authors: Harré Rom
Published: October 2016

Resolving some major philosophical errors in relating behaviour to brain structures and processes can provide a firm foundation for a hybrid science that gives equal weight to both meaning making (Cultural Psychology) and brain activity (Neuroscience). Neuroscientists, however, still fall for two mereological fallacies: the first involving their use of predicates and the second in the projection onto a whole of products of interactions with whole people and it is a fallacy to project them back into that person as constituents. While brains are parts of human bodies it is not clear that they are parts of persons. Clarification is then sought through the identification of four “grammars” linked by three specific principles. Finally, arguments are developed to show that objections to the idea that brains and their constituent organs are tools are misplaced.
Seeking Markets in Production Fields: An Assessment of the Potential for Fair Trade in India
Authors: Argade Aashish , Singh Sukhpal
Published: October 2016

Fair trade is one of the important alternative sustainable production and trade movements which has been able to sustain and spread across regions over time. After making a large presence in developed country markets for the products of developing world producers, more recently, it has begun marketing and selling its products in emerging economies such as Brazil, South Africa, Kenya and India, which were hitherto only producers, and sales are reported to be growing at very high rates annually though from a small base. This strategy is meant to target a segment of consumers with high disposable incomes in developing world. However, these markets could turn out to be very different from the developed country markets of fair trade in terms of market size and growth, consumer attitudes and preferences, and regulatory environment. This paper attempts to understand the evolution of fair trade, drivers of, supply of and demand for fair trade products at the global level and examines how different or similar India could be as a fair trade market. Inferences drawn from global experiences are used to assess the potential of India as a fair trade market and suggest ways to realize the potential. It examines how fair trade is placed in a market like India and the actions that might be required to develop India as an alternative market for Fairtrade-labelled products sourced from Indian producers. The overlap between organic and fair trade is one of the major aspects of the Indian market from supply side which is crucial to resolve to realize the fair trade market potential besides promotion and distribution strategies.
Book Review: Lakhwinder Singh and Nirvikar Singh (Eds). 2016. Economic Transformation of a Developing Economy: The Experience of Punjab
Authors: Lanzona Leonardo A.
Published: October 2016

Lakhwinder Singh and Nirvikar Singh (Eds). 2016. Economic Transformation of a Developing Economy: The Experience of Punjab, India. Singapore: Springer, pp. xiii + 470, €99.99. ISBN: 978-981-10-0196-3
Book Review: Koray Çalıs¸kan. 2010. Market Threads: How Cotton Farmers and Traders Create a Global Commodity
Authors: Rupali
Published: October 2016

Koray Çalıs¸kan. 2010. Market Threads: How Cotton Farmers and Traders Create a Global Commodity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 230, $39.50. ISBN: 9780691142418.
Book Review: Jean Duruz and Gaik Cheng Khoo. 2015. Eating Together: Food, Space and Identity in Malaysia and Singapore
Authors: Saxena Vandana
Published: October 2016

Jean Duruz and Gaik Cheng Khoo. 2015. Eating Together: Food, Space and Identity in Malaysia and Singapore. Petaling Jaya: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 278, $70. ISBN-13: 978-1442227408
Sleep Among Long-Term Care Residents in China: A Narrative Review of Literature
Authors: Li Junxin , Yang Binbin , Varrasse Miranda , Li Kun
Published: October 2016

The objective of this study is to synthesize and evaluate the current body of sleep research among long-term care (LTC) residents in China and provide insights for future research. Systematic searches identified 15 studies that examined sleep in LTC residents in China. Sleep disturbances and poor sleep quality were prevalent in Chinese LTC residents. Eight cross-sectional studies reported that demographics, comorbidities, lifestyle, and environment were associated with sleep quality in Chinese LTC residents. Seven intervention studies, including exercise, traditional Chinese medicine, light therapy, and behavioral interventions resulted in improved sleep quality. Only subjective sleep measures were used in all 15 studies. Some methodological issues were identified in studies, especially those conducted in Mainland China. Sleep research in LTC residents in China is still at the beginning stages. Future studies should consider more rigorous designs and objective sleep measures, and develop target interventions based on factors associated with sleep disturbances.
Refining Organization–Public Relationship Quality Measurement in Student and Employee Samples
Authors: Shen Hongmei
Published: October 2016

This study refined the existing conceptualization and operationalization of organization–public relationship (OPR) quality and validated the finalized scale using data from two different samples. Specifically, the research proposed distrust as an additional dimension of OPR quality. Statistical tests not only demonstrated that distrust was an OPR quality dimension related to but distinct from trust, but also showed that the new five-dimensional framework was valid and reliable to assess OPR quality in two contexts—university–student relationships and organization–employee relationships.
Boxes of Poison
Authors: Burnett Cathy , Merchant Guy
Published: October 2016

Rich and complex meaning making experiences, such as those associated with virtual play, sit uneasily with the view of literacy reflected in and sustained by current systems of accountability in education. This article develops a baroque perspective as a way of destabilizing the “regime of truth” associated with simple models of literacy—models that have emerged through educational reform. Building on post-structural approaches, we suggest that a baroque sensibility can help assert the messiness of educational experience and the contingent nature of meaning making that lie at the heart of literacy and learning. We draw on six techniques of the baroque exemplifying their use in an original methodological approach that we call “stacking stories.” These stories offer different accounts of actions and interactions in and around a virtual world visited by 9- and 10-year-old children in a U.K. classroom. The stories, together with the gaps, contradictions, continuities, and discontinuities between them, read together through a baroque lens, trouble the taken-for-granted. They evoke the affective intensities produced through interactions between body, text, and place as they infuse each other in multiple acts of meaning making. This baroque approach disturbs ways in which meanings are represented in both research and practice adding to post-structural accounts that foreground multiplicity and complexity. We suggest that such an approach provokes generous, ebullient, and vivid accounts of literacy that are elided by simple models of literacy.
Conceptions of musical understanding
Authors: Hallam Susan , Papageorgi Ioulia
Published: October 2016

Music can be understood in many ways. This has important implications for music education. The research reported here explored how groups of people conceptualise musical understanding and what they believe supports its acquisition. In this study 463 participants completed two statements: “Musical understanding is” and “You learn to understand music through”. Understanding music was viewed as complex and multidimensional with two overarching themes: personal musical understanding in context and understanding as process, with 10 main sub-themes of understanding: communication, kinaesthetic, emotional, personal, knowledge about music, critical evaluation, musical elements, analysis and comparison of music, internal representations, and creating music. Understanding was believed to be acquired through love and enjoyment of music, physical responses, emotional engagement, analytic processes, active engagement with music, education or guidance in formal or informal contexts, exposure to music, and listening. A model is set out illustrating the different ways in which it is possible to understand music and how these various understandings can be attained and supported.
Civil society participation in regional social policy: The case of HIV/AIDS in the Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Authors: Godsäter Andréas , Söderbaum Fredrik
Published: October 2016

This article expands our knowledge about the role of civil society in the formulation and implementation of social policy at the regional level, and it focuses on the issue of HIV/AIDS in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The analysis critically examines the conventional view that the involvement of civil society organizations in regional social policy contributes to participatory processes and reduces the democratic deficit of regional intergovernmental organizations. There are three key questions. Firstly, to what extent and how do civil society actors participate in SADC policy making and decision making in the field of HIV/AIDS? Secondly, what functions do civil society actors perform in regional policy design and implementation? Thirdly, what patterns of inclusion and exclusion exist? The study is based upon in-depth fieldwork and numerous semi-structured interviews with a range of policy makers, donors and civil society representatives. From these, it is concluded that SADC member states, and to some extent also the SADC Secretariat, limit and even undermine civil society involvement in decision making and policy formulation. By implication, civil society’s main role lies in service delivery and legitimating state-steered regional social policy at the expense of deeper, more genuinely participatory processes.
Opportunity or Affection? Participation of Respondents’ Partners in a Multi-actor Survey
Authors: Müller Bettina
Published: October 2016

Multi-actor studies are particularly suited for partner and family research, as they capture relationships beyond the conventional restraint of the household. Previous research on partner participation in the German Family Panel indicates higher participation of cohabiting and married partners compared to those living apart together. The present study evaluates whether this finding is due to unobserved relationship quality aspects associated with relationship status, differentially affecting the likelihood of partner response, or rather to field procedures favoring the participation of coresidential partnerships. Fixed effects models find a positive effect of moving in together on partner response, indicating that part of the relationship status effect found in previous research can, in fact, be attributed to coresidence. Analyzing the response process in detail reveals that the effect of moving in together goes back to main respondents’ consent to the partner survey, whereas no significant effect can be found on partner participation.
Allowing New Opportunities in Advanced Laparoscopy Training Using a Full High-Definition Training Box
Authors: Achurra Pablo , Lagos Antonia , Avila Ruben , Tejos Rodrigo , Buckel Erwin , Alvarado Juan , Boza Camilo , Jarufe Nicolas , Varas Julian
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Simulated laparoscopy training is limited by its low-quality image. A high-definition (HD) laparoscopic training box was developed under the present necessity of simulating advanced surgery. Objective. To describe and test a new HD laparoscopic training box for advanced simulation training. Methods. We describe the features and image quality of the new training box. The simulator was tested and then evaluated by a group of 76 expert surgeons using a 4-item questionnaire. To assess the effectiveness of training using this simulation box, 15 general surgery residents were trained to perform a laparoscopic jejuno-jejunostomy in a validated simulation program. They were assessed with objective rating scales before and after the training program, and their results were compared with that of experts. Results. The training box was assembled using high-density fiberglass shaped as an insufflated abdomen. It has an adapted full-HD camera with a LED-based illumination system. A manually self-regulated monopod attached to the camera enables training without assistance. Of the expert surgeons who answered the questionnaire, 91% said that the simulation box had a high-quality image and that it was very similar to real laparoscopy. All residents trained improved their rating scores significantly when comparing their initial versus final assessment ( P < .001). Their performance after completing the training in the box was similar to that of experts ( P > .2). Conclusions. This novel laparoscopic training box presents a high-resolution image and allows training different types of advanced laparoscopic procedures. The simulator box was positively assessed by experts and demonstrated to be effective for laparoscopy training in resident surgeons.
Bayesian survival analysis in clinical trials: What methods are used in practice?
Authors: Brard Caroline , Le Teuff Gwénaël , Le Deley Marie-Cécile , Hampson Lisa V
Published: October 2016

Background

Bayesian statistics are an appealing alternative to the traditional frequentist approach to designing, analysing, and reporting of clinical trials, especially in rare diseases. Time-to-event endpoints are widely used in many medical fields. There are additional complexities to designing Bayesian survival trials which arise from the need to specify a model for the survival distribution. The objective of this article was to critically review the use and reporting of Bayesian methods in survival trials.

Methods

A systematic review of clinical trials using Bayesian survival analyses was performed through PubMed and Web of Science databases. This was complemented by a full text search of the online repositories of pre-selected journals. Cost-effectiveness, dose-finding studies, meta-analyses, and methodological papers using clinical trials were excluded.

Results

In total, 28 articles met the inclusion criteria, 25 were original reports of clinical trials and 3 were re-analyses of a clinical trial. Most trials were in oncology (n = 25), were randomised controlled (n = 21) phase III trials (n = 13), and half considered a rare disease (n = 13). Bayesian approaches were used for monitoring in 14 trials and for the final analysis only in 14 trials. In the latter case, Bayesian survival analyses were used for the primary analysis in four cases, for the secondary analysis in seven cases, and for the trial re-analysis in three cases. Overall, 12 articles reported fitting Bayesian regression models (semi-parametric, n = 3; parametric, n = 9). Prior distributions were often incompletely reported: 20 articles did not define the prior distribution used for the parameter of interest. Over half of the trials used only non-informative priors for monitoring and the final analysis (n = 12) when it was specified. Indeed, no articles fitting Bayesian regression models placed informative priors on the parameter of interest. The prior for the treatment effect was based on historical data in only four trials. Decision rules were pre-defined in eight cases when trials used Bayesian monitoring, and in only one case when trials adopted a Bayesian approach to the final analysis.

Conclusion

Few trials implemented a Bayesian survival analysis and few incorporated external data into priors. There is scope to improve the quality of reporting of Bayesian methods in survival trials. Extension of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement for reporting Bayesian clinical trials is recommended.
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Active Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Risk Factors
Authors: Reinking Mark F. , Austin Tricia M. , Richter Randy R. , Krieger Mary M.
Published: October 2016

Context:

Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common condition in active individuals and presents as diffuse pain along the posteromedial border of the tibia.

Objective:

To use cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies to identify significant MTSS risk factors.

Data Sources:

Bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, PEDRo), grey literature, electronic search of full text of journals, manual review of reference lists, and automatically executed PubMed MTSS searches were utilized. All searches were conducted between 2011 and 2015.

Study Selection:

Inclusion criteria were determined a priori and included original research with participants’ pain diffuse, located in the posterior medial tibial region, and activity related.

Study Design:

Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Level of evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

Titles and abstracts were reviewed to eliminate citations that did not meet the criteria for inclusion. Study characteristics identified a priori were extracted for data analysis. Statistical heterogeneity was examined using the I2 index and Cochran Q test, and a random-effects model was used to calculate the meta-analysis when 2 or more studies examined a risk factor. Two authors independently assessed study quality.

Results:

Eighty-three articles met the inclusion criteria, and 22 articles included risk factor data. Of the 27 risk factors that were in 2 or more studies, 5 risk factors showed a significant pooled effect and low statistical heterogeneity, including female sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.35; CI, 1.58-3.50), increased weight (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.24; CI, 0.03-0.45), higher navicular drop (SMD, 0.44; CI, 0.21-0.67), previous running injury (OR, 2.18; CI, 1.00-4.72), and greater hip external rotation with the hip in flexion (SMD, 0.44; CI, 0.23-0.65). The remaining risk factors had a nonsignificant pooled effect or significant pooled effect with high statistical heterogeneity.

Conclusion:

Female sex, increased weight, higher navicular drop, previous running injury, and greater hip external rotation with the hip in flexion are risk factors for the development of MTSS.
Working Conditions, Occupational Injuries, and Health Among Filipino Fish Processing Workers in Dutch Harbor, Alaska
Authors: Garcia Gabriel Macasiray , de Castro Butch
Published: October 2016

This study explored how unique environmental conditions in Alaska influenced occupational health and safety for Filipino fish processing workers, many of whom migrated from warm locations (e.g., the Philippines, California, and Nevada). In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 Filipino workers in one commercial fish processing company in Dutch Harbor. Results indicated that cold weather interferes with workers’ job performance, increasing their risk for injury and illness, whereas the community’s isolation and rural nature causes loneliness and boredom, resulting in more high-risk behaviors. Other non-environmental factors affecting worker health include roommate and supervisor concerns and culture-specific practices. Findings suggest the importance of job rotation to avoid long exposures to cold temperatures, the value of a designated individual to inform workers about company and community resources that promote healthy lifestyles, and the possible utility of a joint worker–management safety committee.
Serum free light chains, not urine specimens, should be used to evaluate response in light-chain multiple myeloma
Authors: Dejoie Thomas , Corre Jill , Caillon Helene , Hulin Cyrille , Perrot Aurore , Caillot Denis , Boyle Eileen , Chretien Marie-Lorraine , Fontan Jean , Belhadj Karim , Brechignac Sabine , Decaux Olivier , Voillat Laurent , Rodon Philippe , Fitoussi Olivier , Araujo Carla , Benboubker Lotfi , Fontan Charlotte , Tiab Mourad , Godmer Pascal , Luycx Odile , Allangba Olivier , Pignon Jean-Michel , Fuzibet Jean-Gabriel , Legros Laurence , Stoppa Anne Marie , Dib Mamoun , Pegourie Brigitte , Orsini-Piocelle Frederique , Karlin Lionel , Arnulf Bertrand , Roussel Murielle , Garderet Laurent , Mohty Mohamad , Meuleman Nathalie , Doyen Chantal , Lenain Pascal , Macro Margaret , Leleu Xavier , Facon Thierry , Moreau Philippe , Attal Michel , Avet-Loiseau Herve
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Serum FLC analysis is a more sensitive indicator of disease than urinalysis. Improved sensitivity of serum over urine measurements during monitoring translates into valuable prognostic information.
Lifestyle and in vitro fertilization: what do patients believe?
Authors: Rossi Brooke V. , Bressler Leah Hawkins , Correia Katharine F. , Lipskind Shane , Hornstein Mark D. , Missmer Stacey A.
Published: October 2016

Background

Patients have many beliefs regarding lifestyle factors and IVF outcomes.

Methods

Observational study of 208 IVF patients at an academic infertility center. Main outcome measures were perceived influence of various lifestyle factors assessed by multivariable logistic regression and p-value tests for linear trend (Pt).

Results

A majority of participants believed that there were many women’s lifestyle choices that were influential, compared to fewer male factors (cessation of tobacco (72 %), alcohol (69 %), caffeine (62 %), and use of vitamins (88 %)). Compared to participants with less education, participants with a higher education level were less likely to believe vitamins were helpful and some alcohol use was not harmful. As income decreased, participants were less likely to consider dietary factors contributory to IVF success, such as women (p-trend, p = 0.02) and men (p-trend, p = 0.009) consuming a full-fat dairy diet. Participants’ beliefs were most commonly influenced by physicians (84 %) and the internet (71 %).

Conclusions

Patients believed many lifestyle factors are associated with IVF success. Understanding patients’ assumptions regarding the effect of lifestyle factors on IVF success may better allow physicians to counsel patients about IVF outcomes.
Attributes of the magnetic field, analytic signal, and monogenic signal for gravity and magnetic interpretation
Authors: Li Xiong , Pilkington Mark
Published: October 2016

Many of the transforms and attributes used in gravity and magnetic interpretation can be expressed as a 2D or 3D vector. The horizontal gradient and the 2D analytic signal are 2D vectors. The gravity or magnetic field, the 3D analytic signal, and the monogenic signal are defined by a 3D vector. In practice, we prefer to interpret the amplitude and/or phase of a 2D or 3D vector, but we often forget that a meaningful interpretation requires a magnetic reduction-to-the-pole operation when these techniques are applied to magnetic anomaly data and the source body is 3D. Furthermore, the gravity or magnetic anomaly has an unknown constant level that may affect the amplitude and phase. The horizontal gradient, the analytic signal, and the monogenic signal can be applied to not only the gravity or magnetic anomaly but also any [Formula: see text]th-order derivative or a filtered version of the anomaly. They can be related to each other and to the magnetic field vector. We do not introduce new attributes. Instead, we have explained the relationships among different transforms (or vectors) and addressed precautions and requirements for their practical use.