bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION WITH CULTURAL HERITAGE USING VIRTUAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Reffat R. M. , Nofal E. M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Cultural heritage is neither static nor stable. There is a need to explore ways for effectively communicating with cultural heritage to tourists and society at large, in an age of immediacy, a time of multiple realities and to multi-cultural tourists. It is vital to consider cultural heritage as a creative and relational process where places and communities are constantly remade through creative performance. The paper introduces virtual technologies as an approach to attain effective communication with cultural heritage. This approach emphasizes the importance of "user, content and context" in guiding the production of virtual heritage, as opposed to technology being the sole motivator. It addresses how these three issues in virtual heritage need to be transformed from merely representing quantitative data towards cultural information using the proposed effective communication triangle through representing meaningful relationships between cultural heritage elements, users and context. The paper offers a focused articulation of a proposed computational platform of "interactive, personalized and contextual-based navigation" with Egyptian heritage monuments as a one step forward towards achieving effective communication with Egyptian cultural heritage.
A CIRCLELESS "2D/3D TOTAL STATION": A LOW COST INSTRUMENT FOR SURVEYING, RECORDING POINT CLOUDS, DOCUMENTATION, IMAGE ACQUISITION AND VISUALISATION
Authors: Scherer M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Hardware and software of the universally applicable instrument - referred to as a 2D/3D total station – are described here, as well as its practical use. At its core it consists of a 3D camera – often also called a ToF camera, a pmd camera or a RIM-camera – combined with a common industrial 2D camera. The cameras are rigidly coupled with their optical axes in parallel. A new type of instrument was created mounting this 2D/3D system on a tripod in a specific way. Because of it sharing certain characteristics with a total station and a tacheometer, respectively, the new device was called a 2D/3D total station. It may effectively replace a common total station or a laser scanner in some respects. After a brief overview of the prototype's features this paper then focuses on the methodological characteristics for practical application. Its usability as a universally applicable stand-alone instrument is demonstrated for surveying, recording RGB-coloured point clouds as well as delivering images for documentation and visualisation. Because of its limited range (10m without reflector and 150 m to reflector prisms) and low range accuracy (ca. 2 cm to 3 cm) compared to present-day total stations and laser scanners, the practical usage of the 2D/3D total station is currently limited to acquisition of accidents, forensic purpuses, speleology or facility management, as well as architectural recordings with low requirements regarding accuracy. However, the author is convinced that in the near future advancements in 3D camera technology will allow this type of comparatively low cost instrument to replace the total station as well as the laser scanner in an increasing number of areas.
3D PHOTOGRAPHS IN CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Schuhr W. , Lee J. D. , Kiel St.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This paper on providing "oo-information" (= objective object-information) on cultural monuments and sites, based on 3D photographs is also a contribution of CIPA task group 3 to the 2013 CIPA Symposium in Strasbourg. To stimulate the interest in 3D photography for scientists as well as for amateurs, 3D-Masterpieces are presented. Exemplary it is shown, due to their high documentary value ("near reality"), 3D photography support, e.g. the recording, the visualization, the interpretation, the preservation and the restoration of architectural and archaeological objects. This also includes samples for excavation documentation, 3D coordinate calculation, 3D photographs applied for virtual museum purposes and as educational tools. In addition 3D photography is used for virtual museum purposes, as well as an educational tool and for spatial structure enhancement, which in particular holds for inscriptions and in rock arts. This paper is also an invitation to participate in a systematic survey on existing international archives of 3D photographs. In this respect it is also reported on first results, to define an optimum digitization rate for analog stereo views. It is more than overdue, in addition to the access to international archives for 3D photography, the available 3D photography data should appear in a global GIS(cloud)-system, like on, e.g., google earth. This contribution also deals with exposing new 3D photographs to document monuments of importance for Cultural Heritage, including the use of 3D and single lense cameras from a 10m telescope staff, to be used for extremely low earth based airborne 3D photography, as well as for "underwater staff photography". In addition it is reported on the use of captive balloon and drone platforms for 3D photography in Cultural Heritage. It is liked to emphasize, the still underestimated 3D effect on real objects even allows, e.g., the spatial perception of extremely small scratches as well as of nuances in color differences. Though 3D photographs are a well established basic photographic and photogrammetric tool, they are still a matter of research and practical improvement: – For example, multistage concepts for 3D heritage photographs, e.g., combining before and aft images and images showing different focus, daytime etc., as well as combining 3D imagery of different sensors and comparing 3D imagery with drawings etc. and even standards for exposing and processing 3D heritage photographs are only some topics for recent research. – To advise on state-of-the-art 3D visualisation methodology for Cultural heritage purposes an updated synoptically overview, even claiming completeness, also will be dealt with. – 3D photographs increasingly should replace old fashioned subjective interpreted manual 2D drawings (in 2D only) of heritage monuments. – Currently we are witnesses of early developments, showing Cultural Heritage objects in 3D crystal as well as in 3D printings.
3D RECONSTRUCTION AND MODELING OF SUBTERRANEAN LANDSCAPES IN COLLABORATIVE MINING ARCHEOLOGY PROJECTS: TECHNIQUES, APPLICATIONS AND EXPERIENCES
Authors: A. Arles  , P. Clerc  , G. Sarah  , F. Téreygeol  , G. Bonnamour  , J. Heckes  , A. Klein
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Mining and underground archaeology are two domains of expertise where three-dimensional data take an important part in the associated researches. Up to now, archaeologists study mines and underground networks from line-plot surveys, cross-section of galleries, and from tool marks surveys. All this kind of information can be clearly recorded back from the field from threedimensional models with a more cautious and extensive approach. Besides, the volumes of the underground structures that are very important data to explain the mining activities are difficult to evaluate from "traditional" hand-made recordings. They can now be calculated more accurately from a 3D model. Finally, reconstructed scenes are a powerful tool as thinking aid to look back again to a structure in the office or in future times. And the recorded models, rendered photo-realistically, can also be used for cultural heritage documentation presenting inaccessible and sometimes dangerous places to the public. Nowadays, thanks to modern computer technologies and highly developed software tools paired with sophisticated digital camera equipment, complex photogrammetric processes are available for moderate costs for research teams. Recognizing these advantages the authors develop and utilize image-based workflows in order to document ancient mining monuments and underground sites as a basis for further historical and archaeological researches, performed in collaborative partnership during recent projects on medieval silver mines and preventive excavations of undergrounds in France.
DOCUMENTING LIVING MONUMENTS IN INDONESIA: METHODOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE UTILITY
Authors: Suryaningsih F. , Purwestri N.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The systematic documentation of cultural heritage in Indonesia has been developed after the establishment of Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen (1778) and De Oudheidkundige Dienst (1913) by the Netherlands Indies government. After Indonesian independent, the tasks of cultural heritage documentation take over by The Ministry of Culture (now become The Ministry of Education of Culture) with focus on the ancient and classical heritage, so called dead monument. The needed of comprehensive documentation data regarding cultural heritage become significant issues since the government and private sector pay attention to the preservation of heritage building in the urban site, so called living monument. The archives of original drawing plan many times do not fit with the existing condition, while the conservation plan demands a document such as built drawing plan to work on. The technology, methodology and system to provide such comprehensive document of heritage building and site become important, to produce good conservation plan and heritage building regular maintenance. It means the products will have a sustainable and various utility values. Since 1994, Documentation Centre for Architecture – Indonesia (PDA), has established to meet the needs of a comprehensive data of heritage building (living monuments), to utilized as basic document for conservation planning. Not only provide document of the digital drawing such site plan, plan, elevation, section and details of architecture elements, but also document of historic research, material analysis and completed with diagnosis and mapping of building damages. This manuscript is about PDA field experience, working in this subject issue
VALIDATION TESTS OF OPEN-SOURCE PROCEDURES FOR DIGITAL CAMERA CALIBRATION AND 3D IMAGE-BASED MODELLING
Authors: Toschi I. , Rivola R. , Bertacchini E. , Castagnetti C. , Dubbini M. , Capra A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Among the many open-source software solutions recently developed for the extraction of point clouds from a set of un-oriented images, the photogrammetric tools Apero and MicMac (IGN, Institut Géographique National) aim to distinguish themselves by focusing on the accuracy and the metric content of the final result. This paper firstly aims at assessing the accuracy of the simplified and automated calibration procedure offered by the IGN tools. Results obtained with this procedure were compared with those achieved with a test-range calibration approach using a pre-surveyed laboratory test-field. Both direct and a-posteriori validation tests turned out successfully showing the stability and the metric accuracy of the process, even when low textured or reflective surfaces are present in the 3D scene. Afterwards, the possibility of achieving accurate 3D models from the subsequently extracted dense point clouds is also evaluated. Three different types of sculptural elements were chosen as test-objects and "ground-truth" data were acquired with triangulation laser scanners. 3D models derived from point clouds oriented with a simplified relative procedure show a suitable metric accuracy: all comparisons delivered a standard deviation of millimeter-level. The use of Ground Control Points in the orientation phase did not improve significantly the accuracy of the final 3D model, when a small figure-like corbel was used as test-object.
RE-USING OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLITY: AN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO STUDY ON OLD GIRLS TEACHER TRAINING SCHOOL
Authors: Ulusoy M. , Erdogan E. , Erdogan H. A. , Oral M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Refunctioning is a widely used method for protecting historical structures. However, throughout architectural education, functioning historical structures and producing new designs in terms of historical pattern do not attract great attention within the framework of design studios. It is a fact that in such schools that abovementioned items are more popular, the connection between protection oriented studio and design studio is pretty weak. In this study refunctioning was discussed as a design studio topic in relation to the old girls' teacher training school and its immediate surroundings. The primary objective of this design studio is to increase architecture students' awareness in terms of visual and perceptual levels of project designs in historical patterns. Within the context of this manuscript, the experiences gained during design studio process were transferred and discussed.
FROM THE QUESTIONING OF THE ARCHAEOLOGISTS TO THE BUILDERS'. THE EXAMPLE OF THE MEDIAEVAL QUARRY OF SOL DE ROQUES
Authors: Vachon V. , Vacca-Goutoulli M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The archaeological study of a dressed stone quarry involves much more than the sole detailed results of the digging of the extraction remains. In this example of the Sol de Roques quarry, the historical and technical data, the geological researches and the characteristics of the material itself show the adaptation of the quarrymen to the intrinsic facies of the stone. The questions about the material and the marks left by the workers confirm the conclusions drawn by the builders. The graphic transcription of these data reveals the technical approach of an era.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESCUE EXCAVATION AND DIGITALIZATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Varea S. , Lemerle J.-B.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. We present in this paper the original work and projects of AFT, a French company working in the complementary fields of topography, archaeological rescue excavation and digitalization of cultural heritage. Here are described more precisely the application of 3D scanning in archaeology, especially in rescue excavation, and the wish of the company to be ahead of its time in this field., followed by two examples, one in heritage object studies, the other in heritage building studies.
DOCUMENTING A COMPLEX MODERN HERITAGE BUILDING USING MULTI IMAGE CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND 3D LASER SCANNED POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Vianna Baptista M. L.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Integrating different technologies and expertises help fill gaps when optimizing documentation of complex buildings. Described below is the process used in the first part of a restoration project, the architectural survey of Theatre Guaira Cultural Centre in Curitiba, Brazil. To diminish time on fieldwork, the two-person-field-survey team had to juggle, during three days, the continuous artistic activities and performers’ intense schedule. Both technologies (high definition laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry) were used to record all details in the least amount of time without disturbing the artists' rehearsals and performances. Laser Scanning was ideal to record the monumental stage structure with all of its existing platforms, light fixtures, scenery walls and curtains. Although scanned with high-definition, parts of the exterior façades were also recorded using Close Range Photogrammetry. Tiny cracks on the marble plaques and mosaic tiles, not visible in the point clouds, were then able to be precisely documented in order to create the exterior façades textures and damages mapping drawings. The combination of technologies and the expertise of service providers, knowing how and what to document, and what to deliver to the client, enabled maximum benefits to the following restoration project.
RECORDING AND ANALYSIS OF THE REC YARD AT ALCATRAZ ISLAND
Authors: Warden R. , Toz T. K. , Everett M. , DeSmet T. , Billingsley A. , Hagin J.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In the summer of 2012 students and professors from the Concrete Industry Management (CIM ) program at California State University Chico, along with their partners at National Park Service, invited Texas A&M students and professors to join forces and perform a condition assessment of the Recreation Yard at Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay. The Recreation Yard is a heavily visited area by tourists who are drawn to the island because of its history as a maximum security prison in the 20th c. Because of its history, first as a military fort in the 19thc., later as a military prison, and finally as a federal prison, many difficult historical and preservation related questions exist. This team was formed to begin research on the historical and preservation questions with respect to the Recreation Yard. This paper and presentation will focus on the integration of documentation technologies employed to aid the research necessary for answering preservation and historical questions regarding the recreations yard. Since that yard was constructed on top of the historic 19th c masonry fort it was requested that we also seek the location of tunnels below the Recreation Yard and their relationship with the walls. Teams were formed to perform Non-destructive testing of concrete walls to determine the size and location of rebar, Ground Penetrating Radar for determining the location of the masonry tunnels and photogrammetry and laser scanning to provide both overall and detailed dimensional information of the current state of material decay.
IMPROVING TRADITIONAL BUILDING REPAIR CONSTRUCTION QUALITY USING HISTORIC BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING CONCEPT
Authors: Wu T. C. , Lin Y. C. , Hsu M. F. , Zheng N. W. , Chen W. L.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In addition to the repair construction project following the repair principles contemplated by heritage experts, the construction process should be recorded and measured at any time for monitoring to ensure the quality of repair. The conventional construction record methods mostly depend on the localized shooting of 2D digital images coupled with text and table for illustration to achieve the purpose of monitoring. Such methods cannot fully and comprehensively record the 3D spatial relationships in the real world. Therefore, the construction records of traditional buildings are very important but cannot function due to technical limitations. This study applied the 3D laser scanning technology to establish a 3D point cloud model for the repair construction of historical buildings. It also broke down the detailed components of the 3D point cloud model by using the concept of the historic building information modeling, and established the 3D models of various components and their attribute data in the 3DGIS platform database. In the construction process, according to the time of completion of each stage as developed on the construction project, this study conducted the 3D laser scanning and database establishment for each stage, also applied 3DGIS spatial information and attribute information comparison and analysis to propose the analysis of differences in completion of various stages for improving the traditional building repair construction quality. This method helps to improve the quality of repair construction work of tangible cultural assets of the world. The established 3DGIS platform can be used as a power tool for subsequent management and maintenance.
THE NIHA SITES (LEBANON) CULTURAL LANDSCAPE: A 3D MODEL OF SANCTUARIES AND THEIR CONTEXT
Authors: Yasmine J.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The paper aims at presenting the historical sites of Niha (Beqaa valley, Lebanon), their cultural values, and the methodology applied in the assessment of these values through the use of 3D modelling. The whole cultural landscape comprises the current village of Niha (altitude 1100 m), the archaeological site of Hosn-Niha (altitude 1350m), and the area located between these two sites. Two rural sanctuaries constitute the major archaeological remains present in the landscape: the first, located in the village of Niha, is composed of two roman temples with various archaeological structures; the second is located at the top of an antique settlement 2,5 km above the village of Niha. This second sanctuary Hosn-Niha, includes two temples, one church, remnants of numerous structures, and remains of an antique village. The cultural and religious values of both these sites are clear. However, questions arise regarding the choice for establishing the sanctuaries in these locations. The aim of the research is to try to understand the reasons for the various settlements in relationship with the topography and the landscape. The methodology applied in the research addresses two levels: a – The landscape level, and b – the built-up archaeology level. The global 3D models of both the landscape and the sanctuaries allow us to understand the various relations between the landscape, the sanctuaries and the various archaeological structures. An assessment of the various cultural resources found around the sanctuaries, while considering the reasons for their specific placement in the landscape can shed light on the reasons of these choices.
JEDDAH HISTORICAL BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING "JHBIM" OLD JEDDAH – SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Baik A. , Boehm J. , Robson S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The historic city of Jeddah faces serious issues in the conservation, documentation and recording of its valuable building stock. Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Architectural Photogrammetry have already been used in many Heritage sites in the world. The integration of heritage recording and Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been introduced as HBIM and is now a method to document and manage these buildings. In the last decade many traditional surveying methods were used to record the buildings in Old Jeddah. However, these methods take a long time, can sometimes provide unreliable information and often lack completeness. This paper will look at another approach for heritage recording by using the Jeddah Historical Building Information Modelling (JHBIM).
Visual documentation process of historic building refurbishment "Improving energy efficiency by insulating wall cavity"
Authors: Bennadji A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The North East of Scotland's construction method is similar to most popular building typologies in the UK. This typology can vary in term of external material (Granite, brick or stone) but with a secondary, usually timber sub frame with a lining on its interior. Insulation was seldom a consideration when such buildings were completed. Statistics shows that 80% of existing buildings in the UK will need to be upgraded. The lack of knowledge in dealing with old building fabric's manipulation has a negative impact on buildings' integrity. The documentation of such process seems to be an important step that buildings' actors should undertake to communicate a practical knowledge that is still at incubation stage. We wanted for this documentation to be visual, as descriptions might mislead none specialised and specialised in the field due to the innovative approach our method was conducted with. For the Scottish context this research/experiment will concentrate on existing granite wall buildings with plastered lath internal wall. It is unfortunate to see the commonly beautiful interiors of Scottish buildings disappearing, when the internal linings are removed. Skips are filled with old Plaster and Lath and new linings have to be supplied and fitted. Excessive waste is created in this change. This paper is based on a historic building energy improvement case study financed by the European commission and the Scottish Government. The pilot study consists of insulating an 18th century house using an innovative product and method. The project was a response to a call by the CIC start (Construction Innovation Club), aiming to establish a link between SMEs and the Universities. The project saw the day in collaboration with Icynene Canada, KDL Kishorn (see full list in the acknowledgment). This paper describes the process through which the team went through to improve the building envelope without damaging the buildings original features (Loveday et all). The energy efficiency improvement consists on improving the walls U-val by introducing an insulation material Icynene (Sadineni, France & Boehm 2011) into the cavity wall. The U-val was improved by 50% and no redecoration was needed after the operation and no disturbance to the building's occupants.
Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis in Different Papanicolaou Test Preparations: Trends Over Time in the College of American Pathologists Educational Interlaboratory Comparison Program
Authors: Howell Lydia Pleotis , Darragh Teresa M. , Souers Rhona J. , Thomas Nicole , Moriarty Ann T.
Published: July 2013

Context.—The College of American Pathologists' Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Gynecologic Cytology has seen an increase in enrollment in liquid-based Papanicolaou test challenges with a decrease for conventional Papanicolaou tests. Trichomonas vaginalis can be difficult to identify in all preparation types.

Objectives.—To evaluate 20 years of participant results from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Gynecologic Cytology for Trichomonas to ascertain whether performance has changed because of the introduction of liquid-based Papanicolaou and proficiency testing.

Design.—Concordance rates for the target diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis were evaluated for 167 956 participant responses (1990–2010). A nonlinear mixed model was fit with participant type, preparation type, and a 2-level program year (1990–2005 and 2006–2010) reflecting before and after proficiency testing began. A repeated-measures component allowed modeling of the slide-specific performance to ensure that the overall results were not based on the performance of a few slides.

Results.—Cytotechnologists had higher concordance with the target diagnosis than did pathologists (89.8% [72 992 of 81 319] versus 83.4% [72 271 of 86 637], P < .001) and better performance for each preparation type (P = .003). Concordance initially dropped after the introduction of proficiency testing (P < .001) for conventional and liquid-based (SurePath) preparations by both participant types, followed by quick, parallel improvement.

Conclusions.—Performance is high in the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Gynecologic Cytology. Liquid-based Papanicolaou and proficiency testing minimally affected participant performance. Cytotechnologists performed better over time and across preparation types than did pathologists, although pathologists showed performance results parallel to that of the cytotechnologists. Awareness of the performance differences by pathologists and cytotechnologists, as well as their difference in proficiency among liquid-based techniques, may help ensure accurate results in clinical practice.
High-Risk Human Papillomavirus DNA Detected in Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder
Authors: Chapman-Fredricks Jennifer Rose , Cioffi-Lavina Maureen , Accola Molly A. , Rehrauer William M. , Garcia-Buitrago Monica T. , Gomez-Fernandez Carmen , Ganjei-Azar Parvin , Jordà Mercè
Published: July 2013

Context.—We reported previously that more than one-third (37%) of primary bladder squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) demonstrate diffuse p16 immunoreactivity independent of gender. This observation made us question whether p16 overexpression in bladder carcinoma is due to human papillomavirus (HPV)–dependent mechanisms.

Objectives.—To determine whether the presence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) DNA could be detected in these tumor cells.

Design.—Fourteen cases of primary bladder SCC, which were positive for p16 by immunohistochemistry, were probed for the detection of HR-HPV by in situ hybridization and the signal amplification Invader assay. Samples positive for detection of HR-HPV by Invader assay were amplified by using HR-HPV type-specific primers, and amplification products were DNA sequenced.

Results.—Detection of HR-HPV by the in situ hybridization method was negative in all cases (0 of 14). However, in 3 of 14 cases (21.4%), the presence of HR-HPV DNA was detected with the Cervista HPV HR Invader assay, which was followed by identification of genotype. All positive cases were confirmed by using HR-HPV type-specific amplification followed by DNA sequencing. Identified HR-HPV genotypes included HPV 16 (2 cases) and HPV 35 (1 case).

Conclusions.—High-risk HPV DNA is detectable in a subset of primary bladder SCCs. Based on the well-documented carcinogenic potential of HR-HPV, there is a necessity for additional studies to investigate the role of HR-HPV in bladder carcinogenesis.
An Unusual Case of Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia With Trisomy 19 Presenting With Megakaryoblastosis and Myelofibrosis
Authors: Aljinovic Nika , Bogusz Agata M. , Kantarci Sibel , Buck Thomas P. , Dewar Rajan
Published: July 2013

Initial identification of chronic myelogenous leukemia is very important since targeted therapy leads to life-saving remission. Rarely, chronic myelogenous leukemia presents with an unusual picture, making the diagnosis challenging. We describe such a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis in a previously healthy 61-year-old woman. The patient presented with fever, myalgias, and night sweats and was first worked up for an infectious etiology. Because of persistent anemia, a bone marrow biopsy was performed that revealed fibrosis with increased megakaryoblasts. Even though initial cytogenetic studies could not be performed because of “dry tap” aspirate, persistent efforts for cytogenetic studies were made, including a “squeeze preparation” from the core biopsy, which revealed t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) and trisomy 19. The patient was treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, chemotherapy, and subsequently an allogeneic stem cell transplant. She is in persistent remission. This case illustrates a complex presentation of chronic myelogenous leukemia and provides an overview of morphologic cues and the importance of performing cytogenetic studies that led to the diagnosis.
Marginal and Joint Distributions of S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A Across a Large Series of Cutaneous Melanomas
Authors: Viray Hollis , Bradley William R. , Schalper Kurt A. , Rimm David L. , Rothberg Bonnie E. Gould
Published: July 2013

Context.—The distribution of the standard melanoma antibodies S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A has been extensively studied. Yet, the overlap in their expression is less well characterized.

Objectives.—To determine the joint distributions of the classic melanoma markers and to determine if classification according to joint antigen expression has prognostic relevance.

Design.—S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A were assayed by immunofluorescence-based immunohistochemistry on a large tissue microarray of 212 cutaneous melanoma primary tumors and 341 metastases. Positive expression for each antigen required display of immunoreactivity for at least 25% of melanoma cells. Marginal and joint distributions were determined across all markers. Bivariate associations with established clinicopathologic covariates and melanoma-specific survival analyses were conducted.

Results.—Of 322 assayable melanomas, 295 (91.6%), 203 (63.0%), and 236 (73.3%) stained with S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A, respectively. Twenty-seven melanomas, representing a diverse set of histopathologic profiles, were S100 negative. Coexpression of all 3 antibodies was observed in 160 melanomas (49.7%). Intensity of endogenous melanin pigment did not confound immunolabeling. Among primary tumors, associations with clinicopathologic parameters revealed a significant relationship only between HMB-45 and microsatellitosis (P = .02). No significant differences among clinicopathologic criteria were observed across the HMB-45/Melan-A joint distribution categories. Neither marginal HMB-45 (P = .56) nor Melan-A (P = .81), or their joint distributions (P = .88), was associated with melanoma-specific survival.

Conclusions.—Comprehensive characterization of the marginal and joint distributions for S100, HMB-45, and Melan-A across a large series of cutaneous melanomas revealed diversity of expression across this group of antigens. However, these immunohistochemically defined subclasses of melanomas do not significantly differ according to clinicopathologic correlates or outcome.
Pathologic Response and Long-Term Follow-up in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Comparison Between Classifications and Their Practical Application
Authors: Corben Adriana D. , Abi-Raad Rita , Popa Ion , Teo Clarence H. Y. , Macklin Eric A. , Koerner Frederick C. , Taghian Alphonse G. , Brachtel Elena F.
Published: July 2013

Context.—Breast cancer is increasingly treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy to improve surgical resectability and evaluate tumor response, which is assessed histopathologically. Several histopathologic classification systems have been previously described for assessment of treatment response.

Objectives.—To test performance in a side-by-side comparison of several histopathologic classification systems after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with clinical outcome.

Design.—Sixty-two patients were enrolled in a randomized trial receiving sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Histologic sections from the patients' tumors sampled before (core biopsy) and after treatment (excision or mastectomy) were reviewed. Histologic response was assessed following National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocol B18, Miller-Payne grading, Sataloff tumor and nodes, Residual Cancer Burden (RCB), and Residual Disease in Breast and Nodes (RDBN). Pathologic classification results were correlated with survival using Kaplan-Meier and Cox hazards regression with a median follow-up of 93 months.

Results.—RDBN was associated with distant disease-free survival by univariate and multivariate analysis (P = .01 and .004, respectively), as were lymph node metastases (P = .02 and .01, respectively). Five patients (8%) had complete pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and none of them relapsed during the study period. Survival was shorter among patients with higher Residual Cancer Burden scores, but the associations were not significant. Miller-Payne grading and Sataloff tumor scores were not correlated with survival.

Conclusions.—Evaluation of breast specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy by the composite index RDBN correlates with long-term outcome. The residual disease in breast and nodes system is suitable for routinely processed pathology cases. This study confirms the importance of lymph node status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and favorable outcome in patients with pathologic complete response.
Biological Variations of Hematologic Parameters Determined by UniCel DxH 800 Hematology Analyzer
Authors: Zhang Pianhong , Tang Huqiang , Chen Keqing , Chen Yingying , Xu Dongsheng
Published: July 2013

Context.—The Coulter DxH 800 hematology analyzer can determine conventional hematologic parameters. It also provides many new hematologic parameters, some of which show potential clinical utility.

Objectives.—To study, for the first time, the biological variations of new hematologic parameters and reinvestigate the biological variations of conventional hematologic parameters using the newest Coulter hematology analyzer.

Design.—Forty adult volunteers (21 women and 19 men) were included. All participants maintained their normal lifestyles. Blood samples were drawn in duplicate by a single experienced phlebotomist and analyzed within 2 hours using a single analyzer. Before each batch analysis, the instrument quality controls were performed using the same lots of reagents.

Results.—Within-subject and between-subject biological variations for the conventional hematologic parameters were compatible with published data. The analytic variation of the DxH 800 for these parameters appeared smaller. Index of individuality (ratio of within-subject to between-subject biological variation) for all parameters was low. In addition, intraday and interday biological variations of most parameters studied are fairly constant among the population examined.

Conclusions.—These observations are clinically valuable. Data on within-subject biological variation and analytic precision may be used to generate objective delta-check values for use in quality management. Comparing within-subject and between-subject biological variation on new parameters may allow us to decide the utility of traditional population-based reference ranges. Furthermore, documentation of biological variations of new parameters is an essential prerequisite in the development of any clinical application in the future.
Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) Using the KeyPath MRSA/MSSA Blood Culture Test and the BacT/ALERT System in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Sullivan Kaede V. , Turner Nicole N. , Roundtree Sylvester S. , McGowan Karin L.
Published: July 2013

Context.—Timely initiation of directed antimicrobial therapy for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is dependent on rapid identification of S aureus to ascertain methicillin-susceptibility status.

Objectives.—To investigate the performance of the rapid KeyPath (MicroPhage, Inc, Longmont, Colorado) methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA) blood culture test (MMBT).

Design.—Positive BacT/ALERT Pediatric FAN (fastidious antibiotic neutralization) blood culture bottles (bioMérieux, Inc, Durham, North Carolina) were tested prospectively using MMBT and routine bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing procedures as the gold standard. The MMBT uses an S aureus–specific bacteriophage cocktail that infects bacterial cells and replicates them, resulting in cellular lysis. Bacteriophage-specific antibodies detect the increase in bacteriophage concentration in an immunoassay device. Phage amplification, in both the presence and absence of cefoxitin, indicates the presence of MRSA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of MMBT in detecting S aureus, MSSA, and MRSA were calculated.

Results.—Of 188 positive blood cultures tested, 199 (63%) had Gram-positive cocci in clusters, 46 (24%) grew S aureus (26 MSSA [57%], 20 MRSA [43%]) with the MMBT detecting 40 of 46 (87%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value among blood cultures with Gram-positive cocci in clusters were 87%, 100%, 100%, and 92% for S aureus; 81%, 100%, 100%, and 95% for MSSA; and 95%, 100%, 100%, and 99% for MRSA. All blood cultures without growth of S aureus tested negative by MMBT.

Conclusions.—The MMBT detected MSSA and MRSA directly from positive BacT/ALERT PF bottles with positive predictive values of 100%, suggesting that positive results could be reported immediately, but the sensitivity of this assay limited immediate reporting of negative results.
Dessert Dilemma
Authors: Moss Erin R.
Published: July 2013

A good problem can capture students' curiosity and can serve many functions in the elementary school classroom: to introduce specific concepts the teacher can build on once students recognize the need for additional mathematics or to help students see where to apply already-learned concepts. We encourage teachers to use the monthly problem in their own classrooms and report solutions, strategies, reflections, and misconceptions to the journal audience.
Fractions Instruction: Linking Concepts and Procedures
Authors: Pitsolantis Nicole , Osana Helena P.
Published: July 2013

Three specific sites, or points in real time, during problem solving gave fifth and sixth graders conceptual understanding, procedural skill, and the ability to justify their mathematical thinking about fractions.
Más O Menos: Exploring Estimation in a Bilingual Classroom
Authors: Dominguez Higinio , Adams Melissa
Published: July 2013

Complement teacher noticing with student noticing to enhance the teaching and learning of estimation.
Hacia una visión no fundacionalista del concepto de solidaridad: liberalismo y solidaridad en Richard Rorty
Authors: De Zubiría Santiago
Published: July 2013

Rorty invites us to abandon the belief that moral foundationalism of a universalist nature is useful for the moral progress of our societies. Instead, he suggests that post-modern secular liberalism and solidarity, understood as a local identification process and not as a universally binding principle, should be the axes of such progress. The present article will 1) clarify the redescription of solidarity made by Rorty, 2) show how such contingent redescription ends up being more useful for the attaining of solidarity that the foundationalist view, and 3) suggest an interpretation from which the self-empowerment between his notion of liberalism and the redescription of the concept of solidarity can be made evident.
El concepto de solidaridad y sus problemas político-constitucionales. Una perspectiva iusfilosófica
Authors: Herrera Carlos Miguel
Published: July 2013

Often the concept of solidarity has been approached by philosophy from a speculative standpoint, even when referring to sociological references, particularly as one of the foundations of social ethics. In contrast, in the second half of the 20th century the concept had a political-constitutional application as a foundation for the social intervention of the State. However, solidarity has also been analyzed as notion heavily influenced by the political concepts which contain it and by the national traditions in which its meanings are displayed. These dimensions are explored in this article by studying the French case through the use of a legal-positive dimension as a means to reveal some of its political ambiguities.
Continental Drilling to Explore Earth's Sedimentary, Paleobiological, and Biogeochemical Record
Authors: Cohen Andrew , Soreghan Gerilyn
Published: July 2013

A workshop to promote research using continental scientific drilling to explore the Earth's sedimentary, paleobiological, and biogeochemical record was held in Norman, Okla. The workshop, funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), was intended to encourage U.S.‐based scientists to take advantage of the exceptional capacity of unweathered, continuous sediment cores to serve as archives of the Earth's history.
Auroral Phenomenology and Magnetospheric Processes: Earth and Other Planets
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: July 2013

The dancing glow of the aurorae, the long tendrils of light that seem to reach up into space, has mesmerized scientists for centuries. More than a beautiful display, the aurorae tell us about the Earth—about its atmosphere, its magnetic field, and its relationship with the Sun. As technology developed, researchers looking beyond Earth's borders discovered an array of auroral processes on planets throughout the solar system. In the AGU monograph Auroral Phenomenology and Magnetospheric Processes: Earth and Other Planets, editors Andreas Keiling, Eric Donovan, Fran Bagenal, and Tomas Karlsson explore the many open questions that permeate the science of auroral physics and the relatively recent field of extraterrestrial aurorae. In this interview, Eos talks to Karlsson about extraterrestrial aurorae, Alfvén waves, and the sounds of the northern lights.
Understanding sporadic upwelling off the western Australian coast
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: July 2013

Ocean upwelling brings nutrient‐rich deep waters to the surface, where phytoplankton can use the nutrients. Some coastal regions of the ocean have regular upwelling, but other regions, like the western Australian coast, have only sporadic upwelling events, which are ecologically important given a backdrop of low regional productivity. To study the factors influencing the seasonal variability of upwelling in the region, Rossi et al. analyzed satellite data covering 15 years, calibrating their approach using well‐documented events.
The Elusive Effects of Alcohol Intoxication on Visual Attention and Eyewitness Memory
Authors: Harvey Alistair J. , Kneller Wendy , Campbell Alison C.
Published: July 2013

Alcohol is a contributing factor in many crimes, yet little is known of its effects on eyewitness memory and face identification. Some authors suggest that intoxication impairs attention and memory, particularly for peripheral scene information, but the data supporting this claim are limited. The present study therefore sought to determine whether (i) intoxicated participants spend less time fixating on peripheral regions of crime images than sober counterparts, (ii) whether less information is recognised from image regions receiving fewer gaze fixations and (iii) whether intoxicated participants are less able to identify the perpetrator of a crime than sober participants. Contrary to expectations, participants' ability to explore and subsequently recognise the contents of the stimulus scenes was unaffected by alcohol, suggesting that the relationship between intoxication, attention and eyewitness memory requires closer scrutiny. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subjective and objective measures of hot flashes
Authors: Sievert Lynnette Leidy
Published: July 2013

Up to 75% of women in the US report having experienced hot flashes during the menopausal transition. The purpose of this review is to describe the physiology of hot flashes, and the ways in which hot flashes have been examined by subjective report and by objective measurement. Hot flashes occur because of an activation of the heat dissipation response, possibly triggered by a hypothalamic mechanism within the context of declining estrogen levels. There is cross‐population variation in the frequency of self‐reported hot flashes, although cross‐study comparisons are problematic because of incompatibilities in study design. Diaries are a good way to collect information on the time and severity of hot flashes, and body diagrams allow researchers to study the pattern of heat and sweating. Hot flashes can be objectively measured by increases in heart rate, finger blood flow, respiratory exchange ratio, skin temperature, and core body temperature. Sternal skin conductance is the method most highly correlated with subjective hot flash report. In a laboratory, concordance between subjective report and sternal skin conductance can approach 100%. Ambulatory monitoring allows for the tracking of hot flashes during a woman's daily routine or sleep; however, concordance is much lower with ambulatory, compared to laboratory, monitoring. The study of hot flashes at menopause provides a model for the study of any experience that can be assessed by both self‐report and biometric measurement. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 25:573‐580, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.