bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors that influence general practitioners' obesity‐related clinical practices and determinants of behavior to target to promote best practice in obesity care: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Ryan Leona , O’Donoghue Grainne , Crotty Michael , Birney Susie , Heary Caroline , Hanlon Michelle , Conlan Owen , Walsh Jane C.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

General practitioners (GPs) have been identified as pivotal in the identification and initiation of treatment for obesity, yet effective obesity management remains challenging in general practice. Despite the growing prevalence of obesity and the central role of GPs, there is a dearth of research exploring their experiences and challenges in managing the disease.

Objective

This study aimed to understand these challenges by exploring GPs' experiences and to identify factors influencing their obesity management practices to inform the development of targeted intervention strategies.

Method

In‐depth interviews were conducted with 10 GPs. Data were analyzed using abductive thematic analysis underpinned by the theoretical domains framework (TDF). Findings were mapped to the behavior change wheel (BCW) and the behavior change taxonomy to identify potential future intervention strategies.

Findings

Participants described multiple barriers to effective obesity management, including knowledge gaps, lack of training, patient factors, and systemic challenges. Key themes identified were the need for increased support, improved patient engagement, and system‐level changes.

Conclusion

This study offers valuable insights into the challenges GPs encounter when managing obesity in general practice. Application of the TDF and BCW frameworks identified complex interactions between knowledge, beliefs, and environmental factors influencing GP behavior. These findings highlight key areas for targeted interventions to enhance obesity care and drive best practice.
Reappraisal of liver resection as an alternative to transplantation in locally advanced hepatoblastoma: A systematic review and analysis of pooled individual patient data
Authors: Fuchs Juri , Rabaux‐Eygasier Lucas , Ruping Fabian , Kessler Markus , Günther Patrick , Hoffmann Katrin , Czigany Zoltan , Michalski Christoph , Hery Geraldine , Mehrabi Arianeb , Branchereau Sophie
Published: September 2024

Background

There is ongoing debate regarding liver transplantation (LT) versus liver resection (LR) for locally advanced hepatoblastoma. However, comparative studies are lacking. Consequently, a significant evidence gap persists, hindering the establishment of consensus guidelines. This study aimed to compare LT and LR for locally advanced hepatoblastoma, using predefined inclusion criteria to ensure comparable intervention groups.

Methods

According to current Children's Oncology Group (COG) and SIOPEL (European Childhood Liver Tumour Study Group) recommendations, hepatoblastoma that requires LT evaluation was defined as either PRETEXT (PRE‐Treatment EXTent of tumor) IV F+, POST‐TEXT (POST‐Treatment EXTent of tumor) IV, POST‐TEXT P+, and/or POST‐TEXT V+. A systematic literature search (Medline/Web‐of‐Science/Embase) was performed. Only patients who met the aforementioned criteria were included. Patient data were extracted individually and pooled.

Results

A total of 189 patients with locally advanced hepatoblastoma from 55 studies met the specified criteria, with 111 undergoing LT and 78 LR. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), and PRETEXT stages. Local recurrence was more common after LR (14% vs. 3% in LT, p = .008), while distant recurrence was more often observed after LT (16% vs. 5% in LR, p = .035). Overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) did not differ significantly between LT and LR (5‐year OS: LT = 75.3% [95% confidence interval: 66.5–85.2], LR = 87.6% [80.4–95.6], p = .140; 5‐year EFS: LT = 68.5% [59.3–79.1], LR = 71.1% [60.7–83.3], p = .700).

Conclusion

Real‐life data revealed that a considerable number of patients with locally advanced hepatoblastoma underwent LR. This analysis suggests that outcomes are similar and favorable for both approaches. LR can therefore be considered an effective alternative to LT in selected cases even in locally advanced hepatoblastoma.
Investigation of Potential‐Induced Degradation and Recovery in Perovskite Minimodules
Authors: Zhang Junchuan , Wu Haodong , Zhang Yi , Cao Fangfang , Qiu Zhiheng , Li Minghui , Lang Xiting , Jiang Yongjie , Gou Yangyang , Liu Xirui , Asiri Abdullah M. , Dyson Paul J. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Ye Jichun , Xiao Chuanxiao
Published: September 2024

Potential‐induced degradation (PID) is a prevalent concern in current commercial photovoltaic technologies, impacting their reliability, with the mechanistic basis for PID in perovskite photovoltaic technologies being poorly understood. Here, we investigate the PID mechanism in perovskite minimodules. Our findings reveal nonuniform degradation in the photoluminescence intensity and spectral blue shift. After 60‐h laboratory PID stress tests at −1500 V and 60°C, device efficiency drastically decreases by 96%, and the shunt resistance decreases by 97%, accompanied by a significant quantity of Na+ ions (derived from the soda lime glass) throughout the device structure, leading to a typical PID‐shunting effect. Interestingly, we observed a rapid recovery of device performance during room‐temperature dark storage, in which Na+ ions located close to the glass substrate side rapidly migrated out of the device. Moreover, we also found that the Na+ ions do not appear to diffuse through the grain boundaries but rather their neighboring area and grain interiors, judging by microscopic conductivity mappings.
Experiences and Needs of Carers of Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rogers Simon N. , Tsai Hao‐Hsuan , Cherry Mary Gemma , Patterson Joanne M. , Semple Cherith Jane
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The needs of head and neck cancer (HNC) carers tends to be poorly addressed as most support systems are directed towards patients. This systematic review synthesises the existing qualitative evidence from carers for adult HNC patients to explore their experiences and needs as a basis to inform the initial development of an item prompt list for HNC carers for use in routine clinical practice.

Methods

Seven electronic databases were searched from their inception until November 2022, supplemented by citation chaining and snowballing. Primary qualitative or mixed‐methods studies reporting the experiences of carers for HNC patients, elicited using interviews, were included. Screening and selection, data extraction and quality assessment (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist) were independently conducted by two researchers. Data were analysed using inductive thematic synthesis and confidence evaluated using GRADE CERQual.

Results

Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. Two overarching themes and nine subthemes emerged: (i) the experiences of loss associated with being a carer (loss of: role and everyday routine, certainty leading to emotional distress, security as fear of recurrence prevailed, finances, intimacy and togetherness, enjoyment from social activities); and (ii) factors promoting coping and adjustment to role of carer (information, supportive mechanisms, personal attributes).

Conclusion

New insight into the experiences of HNC carers provides the basis for item generation of a HNC carer prompt tool.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

With such a range of potential unmet concerns, the development of a prompt list should help to elicit these and provide additional means to targeted support.
The effect of physiotherapy intervention on functional outcomes among COVID‐19 patients: Clinical experimental study
Authors: Abufara Athar , Amro Akram , Ahmad Muntaser S.
Published: September 2024

Background

COVID‐19 is a highly contagious virus that causes pneumonia, which quickly progresses to acute respiratory distress. In the case of COVID‐19, physiotherapy is critical in non‐invasive support management, postural changes, chest physiotherapy (CPT), and bed mobility. This study aims to look into the effects of physiotherapy intervention on functional outcome levels in COVID‐19 patients in the acute stage.

Methods

A total of 60 severe COVID‐19 patients (54 males and 6 females) with a mean age of 50 years were studied. The intervention group (n = 30) had two daily physiotherapy sessions that included positioning, CPT, cardio exercises, breathing exercises, and early mobility, whereas the control group (n = 30) received only standard medical care. Patients were tested twice at the baseline and discharge using peripheral oxygen saturation, respiratory rate (RR) test, dyspnea rate, two‐min walk test, and spirometer scores, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1).

Results

The two groups improved significantly between the baseline and discharge ratings. The intervention group, on the other hand, significantly improved all outcome indicators at discharge (p‐value = 0.00). This study found that physiotherapy management improved oxygen saturation, RR, dyspnea, and lung function tests in COVID‐19 patients except in FVC (p‐value = 0.402) and FEV1(p‐value = 0.114).

Conclusion

Physiotherapist interventions with COVID‐19 patients increase respiratory function and treatment time.
The lived housing experience of the urban poor in Chengdu: Four distinct periods in the urban housing career
Authors: Yu Li , Xu Wei , MacLachlan Ian
Published: October 2024

Current research on the housing careers of urban low‐income groups, dominated by quantitative modelling, has discussed the housing predicament faced by the urban poor at length. While much is known about the factors influencing their housing careers, these studies have failed to provide a satisfactory understanding of the intricacy and depth of human struggles those vulnerable groups experienced in the urban housing market. This contributes a four‐period model, through a dialogue with the established life cycle/life course theories, to the reconceptualization of housing career of the urban poor and depicts a vivid and continuous housing trajectory by analysing their lived experiences at each period. This paper finds that, in a highly constrained and segregated housing market, the housing problems experienced by low‐income earners and their coping strategies are far more complex and variegated than traditional life cycle/course theory would predict. Factors at individual, household, community and even national levels are often interwoven and, more importantly, the combinations of these influences are constantly changing, sometimes repeating along their housing career forming a nuanced dynamism that has been largely overlooked by existing research.
Classification of Single‐Photon Emitters in Confocal Fluorescence Microscope Images by Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kim Dongbeom , Paik Seoyoung , Park Jeongeun , Hwang Seung‐Jae , Onoda Shinobu , Ohshima Takeshi , Kim Dong‐Hee , Lee Sang‐Yun
Published: September 2024

In the rapidly evolving field of quantum information technology, the accurate and efficient classification of single‐photon emitters is paramount. Traditional methods, which rely on conducting time‐intensive Hanbury Brown‐Twiss (HBT) experiments to acquire the 2nd‐order correlation function of photon statistics, are not efficient. This study presents a pioneering solution that employs Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to classify single‐photon emitters in confocal fluorescence microscope images, thereby bypassing the need for laborious HBT experiments. Focusing on the nitrogen‐vacancy centers in diamond, the model is trained using fluorescence images of emitters that have been previously classified through HBT experiments. Applied to unclassified fluorescence images, the model achieves up to 98% accuracy in classification, substantially accelerating the identification process. This advancement not only makes the classification workflow more efficient but also promises wider applicability across various color centers and isolated atomic systems that necessitate imaging for isolation verification. This research signifies a substantial advancement in the application of quantum technologies, leveraging the power of deep learning to optimize the utilization of single‐photon emitters.
Donor–Acceptor Recombination Emission in Hydrogen‐Terminated Nanodiamond
Authors: Pasternak Dmitrii G. , Romshin Alexey M. , Bagramov Rustem H. , Galimov Aidar I. , Toropov Alexey A. , Kalashnikov Dmitry A. , Leong Victor , Satanin Arkady M. , Kudryavtsev Oleg S. , Gritsienko Alexander V. , Chernev Andrey L. , Filonenko Vladimir P. , Vlasov Igor I.
Published: September 2024

Fluorescence spectra of nanodiamonds synthesized at high pressure from adamantane and other organic compounds show narrow (≈1 nm) lines of unknown origin over the spectroscopic range from ≈500 to 800 nm. The study proposes and experimentally confirms the hypothesis that these lines are related to radiative recombination of donor–acceptor pairs (DAP). According to the experimental data, these pairs can be formed from donor‐like substitutional nitrogen present in the diamond lattice and 2D acceptor layer resulting from the effect of transfer doping on the nanodiamond surface. A peculiar behavior of the narrow lines is identified within the temperature range of 100–10 K: their energy position slightly shifts downward, and the majority of the lines divide into two or more components as the temperature decreases. The lines are shown to be predominantly associated with single photon emitters, with an emission rate exceeding 1 million counts s−1 at room temperature. A new narrowband source of room‐temperature fluorescence found in hydrogen‐terminated nanodiamonds push horizons for quantum optical technologies related to the development of single photon emitters and temperature nanosensors.
A Scalable Fully Distributed Quantum Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Unit Commitment Problems
Authors: Yang Mingyu , Gao Fang , Dai Wei , Huang Dejian , Gao Qing , Shuang Feng
Published: September 2024

The unit commitment problem (UCP) is a non‐convex mixed‐integer programming issue that is crucial in the power system. The quantum alternating direction method of multipliers (QADMM) decompose the UCP into quadratic binary optimization (QBO) subproblems and continuous optimization subproblems. Relaxing constraints reformulate the QBO into a quadratic unconstrainted binary optimization (QUBO) problem, which can be addressed using quantum algorithms. Nevertheless, this approach lacks precision for hard constraints and requires more qubits, limiting the UCP scale addressed within QADMM. To confront the aforementioned challenges, this study introduces the consensus constraint‐encoded divide‐and‐conquer QADMM (CCDC‐QADMM). As a scalable fully distributed algorithm, CCDC‐QADMM decomposes the UCP into two subproblems: Subproblem 1, a QUBO problem embedded with minimum up/down constraints, and Subproblem 2, a UC problem without minimum up/down constraints. By employing variable duplication for decoupling and leveraging the principles of average consensus, CCDC‐QADMM achieves fully distributed computation. Specifically, in the QUBO subproblem 1, this algorithm encodes minimum up/down constraints into a hard constraint form within the mixing Hamiltonian. Simultaneously, it employs a divide‐and‐conquer strategy to accommodate the current constraints posed by the limited qubit resources. The effectiveness and scalability of this algorithm are substantiated through practical validation within real‐world UCP scenarios.
UltraLow Threshold Phonon Laser in a PT$\mathcal {PT}$‐Symmetric Cavity Magnomechanical System
Authors: Ding Ming‐Song , Zheng Li , Shi Ying , Liu Yu‐Jie
Published: September 2024

The magnomechanical interaction arises from the coupling between magnons and phonons, an effect that has attracted significant attention. Leveraging this foundation, an ultralow threshold phonon laser within a parity‐time ()‐symmetric cavity magnomechanical (CMM) system is investigated. The ‐symmetry is achieved by incorporating a gain mechanism into the cavity mode and the amplification of phonon excitation number is achieved through the pumping of magnon mode. As the gain and dissipation approach the equilibrium, the mechanical gain undergoes a notable amplification, giving rise to a phonon laser action characterized by an ultralow threshold condition. This finding not only promotes a cross‐disciplinary approach in fields such as non‐Hermitian physics and quantum magnomechanics but also points to a promising path for enhancing the magnomechanical effect.
Detection of Sarcopenia in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults Using the SARC‐F Questionnaire: Findings From the Southampton Longitudinal Study of Ageing (SaLSA)
Authors: Patel Harnish P. , Boswell Evie , Laskou Faidra , Westbury Leo D. , Bevilacqua Gregorio , Bloom Ilse , Cooper Cyrus , Aggarwal Pritti , Dennison Elaine M.
Published: September 2024

Aims

Sarcopenia is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The SARC‐F self‐rated questionnaire is a simple tool that can be rapidly implemented by clinicians to identify individuals with probable sarcopenia who may require further in‐depth assessment. A score ≥ 4 is predictive of sarcopenia and poorer outcomes. We sought to identify the prevalence and demographic correlates of probable sarcopenia in a newly formed cohort of community‐dwelling older adults.

Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis of 480 participants (219 men and 261 women) identified from primary care in whom a questionnaire ascertaining demographic, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, nutrition risk and SARC‐F score was completed between 2021 and 2022. Participant characteristics in relation to probable sarcopenia were examined using sex‐stratified logistic regression. Age was included as a covariate.

Results

The median (lower quartile, upper quartile) age was 79.8 (76.9, 83.5) years. 12.8% (28) of men and 23% (60) of women had probable sarcopenia. Older age was associated with probable sarcopenia in both sexes (odds ratio [95% CI]: men 1.10 [1.02, 1.19], p = 0.01; women 1.08 [1.02, 1.14], p = 0.01) as was higher malnutrition risk score (men: 1.30 [1.12, 1.51], p = 0.001; women: 1.32 [1.17, 1.50], p < 0.001 per unit increase). Among men, being married or in a civil partnership or cohabiting was protective against probable sarcopenia (0.39 [0.17, 0.89], p = 0.03) as was reporting drinking any alcohol (0.34 [0.13, 0.92], p = 0.03), whereas in women generally similar relationships were seen though these were weaker. Higher BMI (1.14 (1.07, 1.22), p < 0.001 per unit increase) and more comorbidities (1.61 [1.34, 1.94], p < 0.001 per extra medical condition) were also associated with probable sarcopenia in women.

Conclusions

Probable sarcopenia (SARC‐F score ≥ 4) was common in older adults living in their own homes. In addition to advancing age and malnutrition, socio‐demographic factors were also important. Patients with a higher SARC‐F and who are living with associated risk factors should be prioritised for further in‐depth assessment for sarcopenia to allow the planning and implementation of interventions to mitigate potential adverse consequences.
Exploring the Dielectric Model in the Limit of Low‐Energy Electrons Interacting With Graphene
Authors: Segui Silvina , Gervasoni Juana , Arista Néstor , Konvalina Ivo , Werner Wolfgang S. M.
Published: September 2024

In this work, we present calculations of energy loss spectra corresponding to slow electrons (100 − 1000 eV) interacting with a graphene monolayer. We use a dielectric two‐dimensional model for the conductivity developed for more energetic electrons (>50 keV) and explore its applicability in the present range of energies. The studied configuration is comparable with energy loss spectroscopy experiments implemented in a scanning low‐energy electron microscope equipped with a time‐of‐flight device. We analyze both theoretical and experimental spectra in order to understand the structures observed in the latter and to elucidate the processes involved. The calculated spectra reproduce qualitatively the positions of the
and
plasmon peaks.
New Generation of PROTACs: Advancement in Light‐Responsive and Self‐Assembled PROTACs
Authors: Sapkota Namrata , Xing Qi , Geng Jin
Published: September 2024

The burgeoning field of targeted protein degradation has witnessed significant advancements with the development of proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs). This mini‐review aims to provide an insightful overview of the latest advancements in cancer therapy, particularly the evolution of stimuli‐responsive, controlled, self‐assembled PROTACs. We explore a spectrum of innovative developments, including photo‐responsive PROTACs, near‐infrared‐activated PROTACs, and those that functions based on biorthogonal reactions. The emergence of polymer‐based PROTACs is also highlighted, underscoring their improved efficacy and specificity. Despite their potential, these novel approaches face significant challenges, particularly in clinical translation. This review underscores the achievements of these ground‐breaking technologies and the hurdles that must be overcome to realize their full therapeutic potential.
Confronting moral injury across health systems: Enhancing medical social workers' resilience and well‐being
Authors: Fantus Sophia , Cole Rebecca , Thomas Latisha , Usset Timothy J.
Published: September 2024

Research has demonstrated that encounters of potentially moral injurious events (PMIEs) may result in longstanding psychological trauma that impact healthcare workers' mental health and well‐being. In this paper, we explore strategies to alleviate PMIEs for medical social workers. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews (30–60 min) were conducted with medical social workers (n = 75) across the state of Texas. Supported by directed content analysis, textual data were coded and categorised to finalize emerging themes. Findings demonstrate that multilevel strategies ought to be implemented into daily healthcare practice. PMIEs that impact frontline healthcare delivery can be alleviated by having formal and informal support systems (e.g., mentorship, supervision, counselling) as well as honest and transparent interprofessional collaborative care to facilitate psychological team safety. PMIEs across the healthcare organisation, perhaps due to internal policies and practices, may be reduced by implementing educational initiatives and building ethical workplace cultures that serve to explicitly reduce stigma associated with mental health and enhance worker well‐being. PMIEs that derive from macro‐level social policies (e.g., insurance, health disparities) may be alleviated by instituting patient advocacy initiatives and dismantling systems of oppression to lessen psychological stress and trauma. Hospital leadership ought to understand how the United States healthcare industry triggers PMIEs across the healthcare workforce. Multi‐tiered practices and policies that addresses frontline delivery care, leadership and administrative responsibilities, and the healthcare industry can enhance psychologically safe workplaces and elicit macro‐level institutional reform in how health systems function. These findings have important implications for healthcare policy makers, practitioners, educators, and researchers to inform future research and practice development.
Construction of Solution Processable NUS‐8/PANI Nanosheets via Template‐Directed Polymerization for Ultratrace Gas Sensing
Authors: Zhang Wanglin , Wu Xuanhao , Peng Xiaoyan , Zhu Li , Wang Hongkang , Liu Hui , Yuan Hongye
Published: September 2024

The advancement of wireless gas sensing signifies a substantial leap forward in gas detection and intelligent monitoring technologies. This necessitates stringent design criteria for gas sensitive materials with good solution processability, conductivity, and porosity, whose design and synthesis remain challenging yet highly sought‐after. Herein, the fabrication of NUS‐8/polyaniline (PANI) nanosheets is presented with excellent solution processability, high porosity, triboelectric property, and superior electrical conductivity via a template‐directed polymerization strategy. Solution processable NUS‐8 nanosheets, synthesized directly by a “one‐pot” approach, serve as templates to enhance the “on‐site” polymerization of aniline, resulting in the formation of PANI layer on NUS‐8 nanosheets with a thickness of 7 nm. The resultant NUS‐8/PANI nanosheets exhibit outstanding solution processability, and a film conductivity of 8.6 S m−1. The solution processability enables the facile fabrication of homogeneous and compact NUS‐8/PANI films and thus their integration onto electronic devices targeted for multifunctional sensing. The NUS‐8/PANI coated sensors demonstrate sensitive and selective detection at room temperature toward ultratrace ammonia with a detection limit of 120 ppb. A wireless sensing system based on the NUS‐8/PANI‐coated sensor is capable to monitor the spoilage process of meat. This study paves novel avenues for designing and synthesizing gas‐sensitive materials for practical applications.
Controlling of Crystal Facets by Dysprosium‐Modified WO3/Carbon Nanofibers Enhance the Flexible Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Shi Kaiyan , Chen Zefeng , Sun Weiyan
Published: September 2024

Dysprosium‐modified tungsten oxide/carbon nanofibers (Dy‐WO3/PCNFs) are fabricated via electrospinning combined with high‐temperature calcination to synthesize a flexible, self‐supporting electrode material that does not require a conductive agent or binder. XRD and TEM analyses showed that introducing dysprosium promoted the preferential growth of WO3 crystals along the preponderance crystal planes involved in the electrochemical reaction, enhancing the exposure of the (002) and (200) crystal planes. Furthermore, DFT calculations demonstrated that the incorporation of Dy resulted in enhanced adsorption of Dy‐WO3 by PCNFs, with an adsorption energy of −1.21 eV. The Bader charge results indicate a transfer of 1.70 |e| from PCNFs to Dy‐WO3. DFT calculations demonstrate that strong adsorption facilitates charge adsorption/desorption, which contributes to charge transfer and enhances storage capacity. The prepared Dy‐WO3/PCNFs exhibited a high specific capacitance (557.28 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1). Supercapacitors assembled with Dy‐WO3/PCNFs as the positive electrode and CNFs as the negative electrode have high energy density (29.8 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 363.48 W kg−1). This study demonstrates the successful synthesis of Dy‐WO3/PCNFs with exceptional electrochemical properties and offers significant insights into the design and application of flexible electrodes by incorporating dysprosium to modulate the crystal surface of WO3.
Development and Optimization of Thin‐Lithium‐Metal Anodes with a Lithium Lanthanum Titanate Stabilization Coating for Enhancement of Lithium–Sulfur Battery Performance
Authors: Wang Yu‐Chen , Chung Sheng‐Heng
Published: September 2024

Lithium‐ion batteries are dominating high‐energy‐density energy storage for 30 years. However, their development approaches theoretical limits, spurring the development of lithium–sulfur cells that achieve high energy densities through reversible electrochemical conversion reactions. Nevertheless, the commercialization of lithium–sulfur cells is hindered by practical challenges associated primarily with the use of thick‐lithium anodes, low‐loading sulfur cathodes, and high electrolyte‐to‐sulfur ratios, which prevent realization of the cells’ full potential in terms of electrochemical and material performance. To solve these extrinsic and intrinsic problems, the effect of lithium‐metal thickness on the electrochemical behavior of lithium–sulfur cells with high‐loading sulfur cathodes in lean‐electrolyte configurations is investigated. Specifically, lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO), a solid electrolyte, is utilized to form an ionically/electronically conductive coating to stabilize lithium‐metal anodes, thereby enhancing their lithium‐ion pathways and interfacial charge transfer. Electrochemical analyses reveal that an LLTO coating significantly reduces excessive reactions between lithium metal and an electrolyte, thereby minimizing lithium consumption and electrolyte depletion. Further, LLTO‐stabilized lithium anodes improve lithium–sulfur cell performance, and most importantly, allow the fabrication of thin‐lithium, high‐loading‐sulfur cells that open a pathway toward high‐energy‐density batteries.
Nile red‐based AIEgen for highly fluorescent polymer particles and its application in light‐scattering fluorescent films
Authors: Jiang Hongkun , Chen Shengjie , Wu Weizhipeng , Wang Guan , Gu Xinggui
Published: September 2024

Organic luminophores with superior solid‐state luminescence are urgently required in various fields, such as lighting, display, sensing, and solar energy conversion. However, to achieve their highly efficient luminescence still remains a challenge. Herein, a newly designed Nile red derivative, Nile‐DPA‐VB, is successfully obtained to exhibit aggregation‐induced emission characteristics with the photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of 11.45%. Such PLQY could be further promoted to 53.45% when Nile‐DPA‐VB is polymerized undergoing precipitation polymerization process, where the confined aggregation microenvironment severely restricts the intramolecular motions of Nile‐DPA‐VB. Remarkably, Nile‐DPA‐VB is ultrasensitive to the polarity and steric effect, enabling the real‐time monitoring of aggregation microenvironment evolution for precipitation polymerization. The microphase separation and dynamic hardening for the nucleation and growth processes are visually demonstrated, which contribute dominantly to the high‐efficiency luminescence. Finally, by doping the as‐prepared fluorescent polymeric particles into polymethyl methacrylate, functional films with high luminescence and high haze are achieved to show the potential in lighting. These findings clearly demonstrate the significant role of polymerization in constructing high‐efficiency solid‐state luminescent materials for practice.
Veterinary Drug Residues in Food Products of Animal Origin and Their Public Health Consequences: A Review
Authors: Mesfin Yeshambel Muluye , Mitiku Birhan Agmas , Tamrat Admasu Habtamu
Published: September 2024

Veterinary medications used for disease treatment and prevention may remain in animal‐origin foods, such as milk, eggs, honey and meat, which could pose a risk to the public's health. These drugs come from different groups of drugs, mostly with antibiotic, anti‐parasitic or anti‐inflammatory actions, in a range of food matrices including milk, meat or egg. This review is intended to provide the reader with a general insight about the current status of veterinary drug residues in food products of animal origin, detection methods and their public health consequences. The discovery of antimicrobials has led to the development of antibiotics for treating and preventing cattle illnesses and encouraging growth. However, the rise of drug resistance has led to increased antibiotic consumption and resistance among microbes in the animal habitat. This resistance can be passed to humans directly or indirectly through food consumption and direct or indirect interaction. Improper and illegal use, inadequate withdrawal periods and environmental contamination from veterinary drugs are reported to be the major causes for the formation of residue in food products of animal origin. The use of veterinary products above or below the advised level may also result in short‐ or long‐term public health issues, such as the creation of resistant strains of micro‐organisms, toxicity, allergy, mutagenesis, teratogenicity and carcinogenetic effects. To ensure consumer safety, veterinary drug residues in food must be under control.
Priority areas for outcomes improvement among older adults undergoing inpatient general surgery inclusive of geriatric‐pertinent complications
Authors: Kazaure Hadiza S. , Johnson Kimberly S. , Rosenthal Ronnie , Lagoo‐Deenadayalan Sandhya
Published: September 2024

Background

Comprehensive studies on priority areas for improving geriatric surgery outcomes, inclusive of geriatric‐pertinent data, are limited.

Methods

The ACS NSQIP geriatric database (2014–2018) was used to abstract older adults (≥65 years) undergoing inpatient general surgery procedures. Thirty‐day complication, functional decline, and mortality rates were analyzed, with a focus on two geriatric‐pertinent complications: delirium and new/worsening pressure ulcers.

Results

There were 9062 patients; 41.9% were ≥75 years. Mean age was 73.9 years. The majority of patients were female (54.0%), White (77.7%), and had independent functional status before surgery (94.0%). Overall 30‐day complication, functional decline, and mortality rates were 33.6%, 34.5%, and 3.5%, respectively; failure to the rescue rate was 9.7%. Including geriatric‐pertinent complications increased the overall complication rate by 20.4%. Delirium emerged as the leading complication (11.9%), followed by bleeding (11.1%), and wound‐related complications (10.1%); these three accounted for 53.7% of complications. Delirium and pressure ulcers were associated with a >50% rate of postoperative functional decline (52.0% and 71.4%, respectively); pressure ulcers were also notable for a 25.5% failure to the rescue rate. Both were also among complications most likely to occur following the 3 most common procedures (colorectal surgery, pancreatic resections, and exploratory laparotomy), which overall accounted for approximately 79.6% of complications, 73.4% of patients experiencing functional decline, and 82.3% of mortality.

Conclusions

Delirium is the leading complication among older adults undergoing inpatient surgery. Overall, a small number of complications and procedure groups account for most surgical morbidity and mortality among older adults and thus constitute priority areas for outcomes improvement.
Heat transfer enhancement in sodium alginate based micropolar Casson nanofluid using different shapes of Cu‐nanoparticles in a transverse magnetic field
Authors: Rani Samia , Hussanan Abid , Al‐Sharifi H. A. M. , Zannon Mohammad Salim , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy
Published: September 2024

Sodium alginate (SA) based nanofluids provide a new avenue for the study of heat transfer. Due to their small size, they differ from other fluids in terms of their physical properties. This article will explore how particle shape affects the non‐Newtonian micropolar Casson Cu‐nanofluid made from SA. When subjected to a magnetic field, the sheet stretches/shrinks. The proposed Cu‐nanofluid contains various sizes of nanoparticles: bricks, cylinders, platelets, and blades in a solution containing SA with the Prandtl number Pr  =   6.45. Building upon the Tiwari‐Das nanofluid method, a mathematical model was developed. The necessary conversions are applied so that the non‐linear PDEs are reduced to a system of non‐linear ODEs that are solved numerically together with boundary conditions. By utilizing the Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg (RKF) method, numerical solutions for the transformed equations can be identified. As a result, the behavior of several parameters can be studied, as well as the velocity and temperature fields being monitored. Blade‐shaped nanoparticles hold higher temperatures, while platelet‐shaped Cu‐nanoparticles have higher velocities compared to other shapes like bricks and cylinders. It is also discovered that SA has a greater temperature than kerosene.
Entropy analysis of Williamson fluid flow in a vertical porous channel with asymmetric cooling: Adomian decomposition method
Authors: Vyas Paresh , Gajanand
Published: September 2024

The paper presents the execution of the Adomian Decomposition Method to treat thermo‐fluidics of Williamson fluid flow in a vertical parallel plates channel filled with Williamson fluid–saturated porous medium. The channel walls experience asymmetric cooling. The fully developed flow setup constitutes a non‐linear boundary value problem tackled by the Adomain Decomposition Method (ADM) with the help of MAPLE. The computational procedure yields velocity, temperature distributions, skin friction, and Nusselt number. The results thus obtained are compared with those obtained by the RK‐Fehlberg numerical method to ascertain the accuracy of ADM. The results for quantities of interest viz. Skin friction. Nusselt number, entropy, and global entropy are shown in tabular/pictorial forms. These quantities exhibit qualitative and quantitative responses to embedded parameters discussed in detail in results and discussions section.
Chemical reaction attributes for mixed convection radiative hybrid MHD nanofluids flow through permeable disks with morphological interfacial nano‐layer effect
Authors: Raza Qadeer , Wang Xiaodong , Ali Bagh , Shah Nehad Ali
Published: September 2024

The current study investigates the flow of two‐dimensional nonlinear mixed convection heat and mass transfer of a hybrid nanofluid between two permeable porous disks. The heat and mass transfer are analyzed considering nonlinear thermal radiation and chemical reactions. In this work, we utilized morphological interfacial nanolayer thermal conductivity to demonstrate the impact of different shape factors, such as spherical, cylindrical, and laminar, on heat transfer analysis. We also incorporated magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and viscous dissipation. By applying similarity techniques, the complex higher‐order system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) was transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Two numerical methods, the 4th‐order Runge–Kutta (RK) method, and bvp4c, were utilized to obtain accurate solutions, with comparative analysis performed using the software Mathematica. An increase in nanolayer thickness from 0.4 to 1.6 significantly improved thermal performance. Additionally, an enhancement in the chemical reaction parameter ( from 0.2 to 1 led to an increase in the Sherwood number. We observed that the laminar shape factor provides a significantly better heat transfer rate than spherical and cylindrical shapes in both injection and suction scenarios for the lower porous disk. The effect of nanolayer thermal conductivity on the flow performance of hybrid nanofluids is significantly better compared to the noneffect of thermal conductivity.
Mixed convected synchronization of gyrotactic microorganism flow of an Eyring–Powell nanofluid over a riga plate
Authors: Awan Aziz Ullah , Shah Syed Asif Ali , Qayyum Sidra , Alzubadi Hanadi , Ahammad N. Ameer , Alroobaea Roobaea
Published: September 2024

Microorganism movement may boost the convective transfer of heat by stirring the fluid to encourage mixing. Engineers may improve heat dissipation and maintain temperatures in electrical devices, engines, and industrial machinery by varying microbe proportion and quality. This research aims to gain insight into the rheological effects of an Eyring–Powell nanofluid and the movement of gyrotactic microorganisms on the surface of the Riga plate. The propagation of linear and non‐linear mixed‐convection nanofluid through a Riga plate is also studied. The primary goal of this work is to accelerate the heat transfer rate of nanofluid. The efficiency of heat transport and the ability to postpone boundary layer separation are both influenced by the magnetohydrodynamic force produced by the Riga plate. Regulating problem is converted into dimensionless form using suitable transformations, and the resulting equations are then resolved numerically using the MATLAB program “bvp4c”. The simulations are run for various variables, such as Prandtl numbers, mixed convection parameters, Hartmann numbers, Reynold numbers, Peclet numbers, and Lewis numbers. The outcomes are presented both tabularly and visually. This evaluation shows an increment in the Eyring–Powell fluid and mixed convection parameters, which causes the velocity profiles to rise. However, the reverse is true for an escalation in the magnetic parameters. In addition, the activation energy parameter increases the concentration profile. On the other hand, the Eyring–Powell fluid parameter causes the thermal field to contract. The skin friction at is 45.13% and decreased by 24.07% when for the linear case, while for the quadratic case, it is 43.69% at and deceased 25.58% when . A comparison against an earlier study is also performed to determine the accuracy of the proposed model. An outstanding agreement between current findings and formerly existing solutions shows the legitimacy of the present discoveries.
Prioritise Inclusive, Early, and Continuous Societal Engagement to Maximise the Benefits of Geothermal Technologies
Authors: Rohse Melanie , Barich Amel , Bossennec Claire , Loschetter Annick , Manzella Adele , Pellizzone Anna , Ryder Stacia , Soutar Iain
Published: September 2024

Policy Highlights

To achieve the recommendation stated in the chapter title, we propose the following:

Policymakers should mandate that energy decision-making processes be more inclusive, supporting both geothermal representation in large-scale energy deliberation and the inclusive engagement of local communities in individual geothermal projects.

Policymakers should foster inclusive societal engagement that goes beyond the minimal requirements of consulting and informing at planning stage, to incorporate processes of deliberation and co-creation with local communities.

Geothermal industry actors should practise inclusive societal engagement which is early, continuous, and sensitive to the technical specificities (e.g. local resource, subsurface uncertainties) and social challenges (e.g. low public awareness) of geothermal technologies.

Language alignment activities and mutual expert elicitation can support the exchange of knowledge across social-technical disciplines, bridging disciplinary siloes to tackle the problem above.
Increase Social Acceptability of Nuclear Fusion, Agrivoltaics, and Offshore Wind Through National Support Programmes
Authors: Clain Pascal , Khelladi Insaf , Rodrigues Christophe , Biancalani Alessandro , Guerard Guillaume , Rezaee Vessal Saeedeh
Published: September 2024

Policy Highlights

To achieve the recommendation stated in the chapter title, we propose the following:

Facilitate the establishment of observatories to monitor social acceptability of low-carbon energy technologies at the EU and national levels.

Offer technical assistance to help Member States incorporate social acceptability factors into their energy transition strategies.

Develop training programmes to integrate social acceptability factors into the design of low-carbon energy projects from the start.

Assist countries in managing and resolving disputes and interactions regarding different low-carbon energy technologies.

Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) collaborative recommendations can ensure policies are informed by a nuanced understanding of technical and social structures, making them more practical and widely accepted.
Thrombectomy Outcomes for Anterior Circulation Stroke in the 6–24 h Time Window Solely Based On NCCT and CTA: A Single Center Study
Authors: Shchehlov Dmytro , Konotopchk Stanislav , Pankiv Valentyna , Rzayeva Farida , Kolomiichenko Sergii , Vyval Mykola , Flottmann Fabian , Fiehler Jens , Kyselyova Anna A.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Since perfusion imaging may be unavailable in smaller hospitals, alternative imaging selection methods for acute ischemic stroke can improve outcomes and optimize resources. This study assessed the safety and effectiveness of using imaging criteria other than DEFUSE 3 and DAWN for thrombectomy beyond 6 h from symptom onset in patients stroke in the anterior circulation.

Methods

This is a retrospective, single-center analysis of consecutive patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation undergoing thrombectomy. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the collateral status (moderate collaterals and good collaterals).

Results

Among 198 patients, 106 (54%) met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Good collateral status was observed in 78 (74%) patients. Patients with good collaterals showed significantly lower mRS scores at discharge and at 90 days compared to their counterparts with moderate collateral status (4 (3–4) vs. 4 (4–5); p = 0.001 and 2 (0–4) vs. 6 (3–6); p < 0.001, respectively). More patients with good collateral status achieved favorable outcomes at 90 days compared to those with moderate status (48 (61.5%) vs. 5 (17.9%); p < 0.001). Good collaterals were an independent predictor of good clinical outcomes at 90 days (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13–1.53, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Selecting patients for endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke using non-contrast CT and CT angiography shows 90-day outcomes similar to the DAWN and DEFUSE-3 trials. Using collateral status on CT angiography can predict favorable outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy in resource-limited settings where perfusion imaging is unavailable.
Predicting endpoint parameters of electric arc furnace–based steelmaking using artificial neural network
Authors: Niyayesh Mohammad , Uygun Yilmaz
Published: September 2024

In steel manufacturing, the chemical composition of the raw material serves as the foundation for the properties of the final product. The objective of this study is to establish a prediction algorithm for estimating the highly nonlinear characteristics of chemical condensation of elements in an electric arc furnace. A multilayer feedforward neural network is used to estimate the fluctuations in parameters of molten steel. In this study, the prediction models utilize a synthetic dataset generated based on industrial data. An experiment was designed with seven multi-layer feed-forward neural networks with distinct architectures and optimization functions, including stochastic gradient descent and adaptive moment estimation, to evaluate the optimal architecture. The results demonstrated that the proposed method, which employs a mean squared error (MSE) loss function with a value less than 0.036, can effectively predict the amount of carbon, iron oxide composition, and temperature of molten steel, which are crucial quality parameters. This study proposes a novel method for optimizing steelmaking operations via the electric arc furnace route.