bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autologous NK-cell-enrichment: preclinical setting phase, Shiraz experience
Authors: Rezaeifard Somayeh , Heike yuji , Masuyama Junichi , rezvani Alireza , vojdani Reza , Erfani Nasrollah
Published: January 2020

Background: NK cell therapy has proven to be a promising approach for treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Masuyama et al. have recently introduced a new method for ex-vivo autologous NK cell expansion (Osaki method); resulting in the production of ample active NK cells for a promising cell therapy regimen. In order to start clinical trial phase I at Shiraz University of medical Sciences in collaboration with Masuyama clinic and St. Luck's International University Hospital, this preclinical setting study aimed to evaluate the proliferative efficacy of the method, the activation status of expanded autologous NK cells and the likely unwanted contamination of the final cell product.Methods: PBMCs were isolated from 30 ml of 5 healthy individuals' peripheral blood transferring directly to the specified initial culture bag containing antibodies for CD3, CD52 as well as IL-2 cytokine. The cells were cultured for 14-17 days in incubators; during which the cell received condition media, and underwent several passages into bigger culture bags. All the procedure was carried out in the clean room and associated facilities. Results: Our results indicated that NK cells were expanded 510-fold in average (range 200-1100 fold), and the purity of NK cells per whole lymphocytes exceeded 68%. The expanded cells were highly lytic as indicated by in-vitro cytotoxic assay; with strong expression of NKG2D and CD16. The prepared final cell products were negative for HCV, HBV, HIV, Mycoplasma and endotoxin. Conclusion: In the preclinical setting phase, large numbers of activated and un-contaminated NK cells from 30 ml of healthy individuals' peripheral blood were successfully generated. The method seems to provide ample clean cell product with no contamination; suitable to be infused back to the patients in phase I clinical trial.
Can18F-FDG PET/CT overcome endoscopy in the staging of gastrointestinal involvement in Mantle Cell Lymphoma? A retrospective multi-center cohort analysis.
Authors: Skrypets Tetiana , Nassi Luca , Casaluci Gloria Margiotta , Puccini Benedetta , Mannelli Lara , Kovalchuk Sofya , Filonenko Kateryna , Kryachok Irina , Sciacovelli Angela Monica , Vegliante Maria Carmela , Daniele Antonella , Sacchetti Gianmauro , Ferrari Cristina , Guarini Attilio , Minoia Carla
Published: January 2020

Background. Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) represents the 5-7% of all lymphoid malignancies. In 15-30% of cases by different data, MCL may affect the gastrointestinal tract (GI), but the real frequency by endoscopy and imaging could be significantly higher. Actually, by guidelines there are no recommendations for GI endoscopy in every patient with MCL. Therefore, we conducted the present multi-center study with the aim to evaluate the performance of the 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of GI involvement in patients with MCL and establish whether it is possible to omit endoscopy.Methods. We retrospectively evaluated 79 patients with newly diagnosed MCL, who had performed a pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT scan and GI endoscopy with biopsy. Results. By PET/CT, overall GI tract involvement was found in 24% of patients. The performance of PET/CT have been evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy in the upper and lower GI tract. Using Cohen's k test, PET/CT and EGD with biopsy showed a fair agreement (0.20, 66.6%). However, PET/CT and colorectal biopsy showed a moderate agreement (0.49, 76%). Conclusion. Analyzed data suggest that the performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT is not excellent in the detection of gastric lesions by MCL, and thus EGD with biopsy has yet to be considered a "golden standard" in this subset, while colonoscopy could be omitted due to a higher accuracy and specificity. Taking into account the limit of the retrospective nature of the study, data should be confirmed on larger and prospective cohort.
The value of hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (Hb/RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Lin Zhongyuan Lin , Zhang Xuan , Zhu Songshan , Luo Yu , Chen Yanyun , Liu Xiaochun
Published: January 2020

Background: The clinical significance of hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width (Hb/RDW) for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has not been reported yet. This study aimed to evaluate the value of preoperative Hb/RDW, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for the diagnosis of NPC.Methods: A total of 180 NPC patients (NPC group) and 149 healthy subjects (control group) were recruited to assess the value of Hb/RDW, NLR, and PLR for the diagnosis of NPC. Results: It was noted that NLR and PLR were significantly higher in the NPC group than those in the control group (P<0.001), however, Hb/RDW was lower in the NPC group compared with that in the control group (P<0.001). NLR was also remarkably different between patients of stageⅠ+Ⅱ and those of stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ (P=0.043), and that was different in patients with lymph node metastases or not(P=0.030). Besides, PLR was signiﬁcantly different in patients with serosal invasion or not (P=0.031).Compared with Hb/RDW alone (sensitivity, 66.67%; specificity, 85.23%), the sensitivity (67.78%, 72.78%) and specificity (89.62%, 90.6%) of Hb/RDW with NLR and PLR were both increased. Furthermore, Hb/RDW combined with NLR (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) (AUC), 0.824; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.779-0.864, P=0.0080) or PLR (AUC:0.851, 95%CI:0.808-0.888, P=0.0002) had a greater AUC value for the diagnosis of NPC compared with Hb/RDW alone (AUC: 0.781, 95% CI: 0.732-0.824).Conclusion: Hb/RDW can be used as a valuable indicator for the diagnosis of NPC. Preoperative Hb/RDW combined with NLR or PLR had higher value for the diagnosis of NPC.
Maternal health care decision-making process at the family level in Geita Region, Tanzania: A qualitative study
Authors: Kohi Thecla W. , Boniphace Jasintha S. , Dol Justine
Published: January 2020

Background : Most maternal deaths are preventable if a woman is able to identity danger signs and seek obstetric health care without delay. However, lack of knowledge on obstetric danger signs and a prolonged decision-making process at family level may contribute to the high maternal mortality. Currently, there is little known on how the process of decision-making at family level in seeking obstetric care is being made in Tanzania. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the process on decision-making at family level in seeking maternal health care during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period in the Geita Region, Tanzania. Methods : A qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted at Chato District Hospital in the Geita Region with seven fathers and seven mothers who were attending the Reproductive Child Health Clinic.Participants were recruited using purposeful sampling and interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Three themes emerged from this study, including recognition of danger signs, decision-making process, and perceived influencers for seeking maternal health care. Almost all participants were aware of obstetric danger signs, yet some gaps remained among husbands. The process of decision-making starts with the woman herself who then communicates to others for discussion but the final decision-making in seeking care is dominated by husbands, parents, or neighbors, rather than mothers alone. Observing danger signs and perceived quality of care available from the health facilities were the most predominate influencers for seeking maternal health care. Conclusion: While the process of decision-making in every family starts with the woman herself, others are consulted for discussion prior to reaching a decision about seeking maternal health care, resulting in delays in accessing care. It is positive that most of the decision makers had good understanding of obstetric danger signs and that observation of those danger signs encourage access of maternal health care. However, continued education on obstetric danger signs in the community is needed as well as quality care needs to be available and known to be provided at health care facilities to encourage early seeking of maternal health care. Keywords : maternal health; decision-making; Tanzania
Foot Care Knowledge and Practices among Japanese Nurses and Care Workers in In-home Service Providers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fujii Kashiko , Komoda Takuyuki , Maekawa Atsuko , Nishikawa Mariko
Published: January 2020

Background: Aging increases the likelihood for developing foot problems and reduces an individual’s ability for foot care. Hence, foot care knowledge and practices among nurses and care workers in the community greatly impact foot health maintenance and prevention of foot-related problems among older people. This study aimed to explore and examine the current foot care knowledge, practices, and perceptions among nurses and care workers in in-home service providers, along with their demographic characteristics and daily number of clients. Methods: This study analyzed 232 randomly selected front-line nurses and care workers across 35 in-home service providers in N City, A Prefecture, Japan. Data were obtained using questionnaires and subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Chi-square tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and Spearman’s rank correlation tests. Results: Among the 305 providers surveyed, 232 (76.1%; 63 nurses; 170 care workers) provided data. Although 57 nurses (91.9%) and 142 care workers (83.5%) showed interest in foot care, 33 nurses (53.2%) and 133 care workers (78.2%) stated that foot care education was insufficient. Knowledge and practice scores were associated with working status. Significant differences in items related to early detection of foot problems (34.2%) and skin tears on lower limbs (25.5%) were observed between nurses and care workers. Both groups had low accuracy rates in the Shoes and Socks subscale. For practice, both nurses and care workers had low mean scores for checking client’s shoes (2.0/5.0 and 2.1/5.0, respectively), method for reducing ingrown nail pain (2.6/5.0 and 1.9/5.0, respectively), and opportunity for discussing foot care with others (2.7/5.0 and 2.2/5.0, respectively). A significant correlation between knowledge and practice scores was observed among nurses (0.331, p < 0.05) and care workers (0.339, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Despite the presence of several barriers toward enhanced care delivery to clients needing it most, nurses and care workers clearly understood the importance of foot care. Basic knowledge on early detection of foot problems and foot care, as well as other aspects, such as shoes and socks, dangers of sedentary behavior, and maintaining and improving clients’ foot health, is imperative.
Education in professional identity formation enhances self-regulated learning: a mixed-method exploratory study from a community-based clinical clerkship in Japan
Authors: Matsuyama Yasushi , Okazaki Hitoaki , Kotani Kazuhiko , Asada Yoshikazu , Ishikawa Shizukiyo , Lebowitz Adam Jon , Leppink Jimmie , Vleuten Cees van der
Published: January 2020

Background: Previous studies indicate professional identity formation (PIF), or formation of self-identity with internalized values and norms of professionalism, might influence self-regulated learning (SRL). However, it remains unclear whether or not PIF-oriented education can improve SRL in medical students. Methods: Rural community-based clinical clerkships (rCBCC) for Year 5 (Y5) students in Jichi Medical University (JMU) provide a learning environment where undergraduates will work in future with alumni directly mentoring them. To make rCBCC more PIF-oriented, we created a learning platform using Google Forms and a PIF-oriented teaching manual for mentors. These were designed to help undergraduates articulate future ‘self’ images as professionals, and have in-depth communication with mentors as role models pertaining to medical professionalism. Forty-one Y5 JMU students experienced PIF-oriented rCBCC, while 41 Y5 control subjects experienced the original format rCBCC. Changes in SRL between the two groups were compared using 15 categories of motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). We also explored how the PIF-oriented rCBCC changed their SRL by thematic analysis of questionnaire and interview data.Results: A moderate improvement of intrinsic goal orientation (p = 0.005, ε2 = 0.096) and a mild improvement of critical thinking (p = 0.041, ε2 = 0.051) were observed in the PIF-oriented rCBCC. Qualitative analysis revealed they started viewing ‘professional responsibility’ as self-study motivator. Awareness of ‘responsibility’ led to pursuit of authenticity and medical knowledge applicability, and fostered critical thinking about learning contents. They also began elaborating learning contents in line with processes. Conclusion: This is the first study showing some effects of PIF-oriented education on SRL improvement. Fostering PIF may be important for stimulating learners’ intrinsic SRL behaviors.
Risk factors for postpartum sepsis: A nested case control study
Authors: Bakhtawar Samina , Sheikh Sana , Qureshi Rahat , Hoodbhoy Zahra , Payne Beth , Azam Iqbal , Dadelszen Peter van
Published: January 2020

Background: Majority (99%) of maternal deaths occur in low and middle income countries. The three most important causes of maternal deaths in these regions are postpartum hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia and puerperal sepsis. There are several diagnostic criteria used to identify sepsis and one of the commonly used criterion is systematic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). However, these criteria require laboratory investigations which may not be feasible in resource constrained settings. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a model based on risk factors and clinical signs and symptoms that can identify sepsis early among postpartum women.Methods: A case control study was nested in an ongoing cohort of 4000 postpartum women who delivered or were admitted in study hospital. According to standard criteria of SIRS, 100 women with sepsis (cases) and 498 women without sepsis (controls) were recruited from January to July 2017. Information related to socio-demographic status, antenatal care and maternal life styles were obtained via interview while pregnancy and delivery related information, comorbid and clinical sign and symptoms were retrieved from ongoing cohort. Multivariable logistic regression was performed and discriminative performance of the model was assessed using area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC).Results: Multivariable analysis revealed that 1-4 antenatal visits (95% CI 0.01 - 0.62), 3 or more vaginal examinations (95% CI 1.21 - 3.65), home delivery (95% CI 1.72-50.02), preterm delivery, diabetes in pregnancy (95% CI 1.93-20.23), lower abdominal pain (95% CI 1.15 - 3.42)) vaginal discharge (95% CI 2.97-20.21), SpO2 <93% (95% CI 4.80-37.10) and blood glucose were significantly associated with sepsis. AUC was 0.84 (95% C.I 0.80-0.89) which indicated that risk factors and clinical sign and symptoms based model has adequate ability to discriminate women with and without sepsis.Conclusion: This study developed a non-invasive tool which can identify postpartum women with sepsis as accurately as SIRS criteria with good discriminative ability. Once validated, this tool has a potential to be scaled up for community use by frontline health care workers.
Research of Network Closed-loop Control System Based on the Model Predictive Control
Authors: Shuping Xu , Shuang Wang , yu Guo , Xiaohui Su
Published: January 2020

Uncertainty latency of the remote closed-loop control system in information transmission through Internet, Analysis delays how to influence closed-loop control system. Based on predictive control method of neural network, research the application of closed-loop control system control methods under a random network delay. Simulation results show that: This method is able to reflect and predict the delay characteristics of between network path represented by the measured data, and can be replace actual network to research in application based on Internet closed-loop control system; the methods used is fast and accurate, it can be used for online learning network model and predict the network delay value, provides a new way of remote closed-loop control based on Internet.
Design and Research of Future Network (IPV9) API
Authors: Yinqiu Xu , Jianping Xie
Published: January 2020

Socket is a way of process communication, that is used it to invoke some API function to realize the distribution network libraries in different host of data exchange between the relevant process. According to the TCP/IP protocol assigned to the network address of the local host, to communicate between the two processes, the host must know the other’s location first, that is, the IP of the other host. At the same time, to get the port number, it is used to identify the local communication process; a local process in communication will occupy a port number, different process port number is different, so it must be assigned a port number that is not used before communication. A complete inter-network process consists of two processes and should use the same high-level protocol. IPV9 is the most important part of future network. This paper introduces the interface function and socket of IPV9, which lays a foundation for further network application programming.
On the RFID Information Query Technology Based on IPV9
Authors: Guiping Li , Lei Xue
Published: January 2020

Since coding format of RF label is inconsistent with the protocol format of the information server’s network, a design scheme of network architecture is proposed to achieve the connectivity between the decimal network based on IPV9 and the Internet network based on IPV4/IPV6. And also, two ways of information’s Query and connectivity based on D-ONS and direct routing between the decimal network is devised by using the expert modules. The experiment results shows that both the two ways can provide efficient service of RFID Information Query.
Target Characterization Using MIMO Radar
Authors: Nath Sur Samarendra , Bera Soumyasree , Shome Subhankar , Bera Rabindranath , Maji Bansibadan
Published: January 2020

The exploitation of coherency gain and diversity gain to improve the MIMO system performance is a burning research topic. This paper is to examine the performance analysis of MIMO radar by utilizing the above-said gains. The authors have analyzed the performance of the MIMO radar, in terms of mathematical modeling, considering the probability of detection and post-processing SNR, with respect to changes in the diversity order. Furthermore, this paper also deals with the practical implementation and analysis of the said system, demonstrating the range imaging and RCS pattern of a known standard target.
The Implications of Leadership Style, Human Resources Practices, and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance in PT Kansai Prakarsa Coatings
Authors: Setiawan Septian Anggra
Published: January 2020

This research analyzed the relationship between leadership style, Human Resources (HR) practices, and organizational culture on employee performance in PT Kansai Prakarsa Coatings in Indonesia. This research was expected to find the information related to what factors greatly affected employee performance and be an input for foreign paint manufacture to set up paint companies in Indonesia. The sample was 230 from 650 employees, chosen by stratified random sampling from each division to get a representing answer. The used analysis model was descriptive and path analysis. The result shows that there is a negative significant between leadership style and organizational culture to employee performance. On the other hand, there is a significant positive relationship between HR practices and employee performance.
Traditional and Conventional Social Communication Processes for Increasing Tolerance and Harmonization of Inter-Religious Communities in Indonesia
Authors: Aras Muhammad , Gunawan Alexander A. S.
Published: January 2020

This research focused on the social communication process for increasing tolerance and harmonization of inter-religious communities in Indonesia. This research method used the case study design. Research data of this case study were collected through observations and in-depth interviews. The results indicate that the process of social communication between religions takes place dynamically in the community. It involves mutual interactions and respect for each other according to social norms and values adopted by the local community. By interacting and respecting each other, the social life of the community can be maintained to be harmonious, safe, comfortable, full of tolerance and harmony, and coexist in religious, cultural, ethnic, racial, and ethnic diversity. Based on research findings, all can be done through the social communication process for increasing tolerance and harmonization of social life among religious communities in Indonesia that the process of social communication is directly referred to as traditional and conventional communication.
Beyond Brinkmanship: The Implication of South China Sea Conflicts on China’s Soft Power in Southeast Asia
Authors: Nandyatama Randy Wirasta
Published: January 2020

While contemporary scholarly literatures on South China Sea conflicts have been dominated by hard power calculations, some other aspects remain under-researched. Rather underplayed in the existing literature is the question on the political implication of the conflicts on China’s soft power in the region. In responding to this issue, this article tries to carefully investigate the nature of the China’s soft power and the linkage between the increasing Chinese assertive measures in the South China Sea and the foundation of China’s soft power in the region. Through some cases of China’s skirmishes with Southeast Asian countries on the South China Sea between 2009 and 2012, this article argues that Beijing’s increasing hard power measures have induced growing threat perceptions in the region. This very context not only signals a distinct dissonance of Beijing’s image in Southeast Asia but also creates surging discontents and rejections to China’s role and political position in the region. Ultimately, China’s perceived inappropriate hard power measures affect its soft power, particularly in eroding the reputation of being a benign political entity as its source of soft power in Southeast Asia.
New therapy options for patients with eosinophilic type of severe bronchial asthma
Authors: Ignatova G. L. , Antonov V. N. , Blinova E. V. , Grebneva I. V. , Sheklanova E. V.
Published: January 2020

The article provides data on the epidemiology of severe asthma. It defines the phenotype and endotype of bronchial asthma and classifies BA according to phenotype/endotype. The features of the eosinophilic phenotype of severe bronchial asthma are considered. Clinical characteristics of the patient corresponding to the prescription of benralizumab are presented. The algorithm of decision making by a doctor-therapist about patients’ referral to a pulmonologist for consideration of the biological therapy issue is given. The results of the main clinical studies to assess the efficacy and safety of benralizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic bronchial asthma: SIROCCO, CALIMA, ZONDA, BORA are described. The experience of using various biological preparations for the treatment of severe asthma in Chelyabinsk and the Chelyabinsk Region has also been summarized.
Effectiveness of drugs with delayed-release structurally modified action depending on the phenotype of osteoarthritis
Authors: Kabalyk M. A.
Published: January 2020

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of a fixed combination of honadroitin and glucosamine sulfate (Teraflex, Bayer) in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), depending on the molecular phenotype of the disease.

Materials and methods. A 6-month prospective, open, randomized trial included 65 patients with OA of the knee joints who were prescribed therapy with Teraflex (Bayer) daily dose of 1500 mg + 1200 mg. Kinetic assessment of articular status was performed using a visual analogue pain scale and a WOMAC questionnaire, and serum concentrations of CRTAP (cartilage-associated protein), OSGIN-1 (oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1), IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta) were determined in blood serum. Measurements of these parameters were made at the beginning of the study, after 3 and 6 months.

Results. It was established that the rate of onset of the therapeutic effect and the effect on the molecular patterns of inflammation and oxidative stress depend on the phenotype of the disease. So, with oxidative and mixed phenotypes of the disease, clinical efficacy is observed in the treatment of teraflex after 3 months from the start of therapy. Indicators of oxidative stress during treatment decreased in the group of patients with the oxidative phenotype of the disease, while the level of interleukin-1 significantly decreased only in groups of patients with inflammatory and mixed OA phenotypes.

Conclusions. The results indicate the effectiveness and safety of the drug Teraflex (Bayer) for the treatment of patients with OA. The results of the study indicate the targeted effect of a fixed combination of chondroitin + glucosamine on the molecular mechanisms of the disease.
A comparative study of the bacteriotropic effect of metabiotics
Authors: Neschislyaev V. A. , Fedorova T. V. , Sorokina Yu. V. , Molokhova E. I. , Savina A. S.
Published: January 2020

Objective of the study:comparative evaluation of the bacteriotropic activity of Actoflor-S metabiotic and the exometabolic bifidobacteria complex.

Materials and methods:in our work we used Actoflor-S dietary supplement as oral solution in 2 ml drop tubes (Solopharm). As a comparator drug, we used an exometabolite complex from the culture fluid of strain Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 obtained by method of ultrafiltration using separation apparatus with HOMM 15 kDa. We studied the stimulating effect of metabolite compositions on the acid forming activity and dynamics of the accumulation of lactobacilli Lactobacillus plantarum 8P-A3. Antagonistic activity against enterobacteria was determined in the test of inhibition of bioluminescence of the indicator strain Escherichia coli lum+ and quantified as an index of antibacterial activity

Results and discussions.A comparative study of the effects of metabiotics on the acid forming activity of lactobacilli showed that both drugs have a pronounced stimulating effect on the probiotic strain L. plantarum. A comparative study of the effects of metabiotics on the model test strain of enterobacteria showed that whole preparations quickly and significantly (by more than 90%) inhibit the bioluminescence of E.coli lum+. Preparation dilutions 1:10 and 1:100 discovered significant differences in their activity. Given equal pH values (5.8 ± 0.1), Actoflor-S (dilution 1:10) inhibited the luminescence of E. coli lum + to a greater degree, exceeding almost 2 times the indicators of the metabolite bifidobacteria complex. It is revealing that Actoflor-S diluted 1:10 is not inferior to the whole preparation in terms of the level of effect on the test strain culture. What calls attention to itself is that large dilutions of UFLC of bifidobacteria after a short period of inhibition of luminescence of E. coli lum + have a stimulating effect. There is evidence that effect of inhibition of the luminescence of the control culture is dose-dependent.

Conclusion.The results of a comparative examination of the bacterial action profile of the native exometabolites complex and Actoflor-S preparation confirm the presence of combination of the necessary inhibitory and stimulating activity against various agents of the microbiota. Creation of the metabiotics line based on Actoflor-S preparation with variability of biological properties and specialized for the management of various dysbiotic conditions show promise. An additional inclusion of native exometabolites of bifidobacteria and/or lactobacilli into the formula of artificial compositions will make it possible to expand the spectrum of the positive effect of probiotic preparations on the microorganism.
NSAID-induced damage to the gastrointestinal tract: new opportunities for the prevention of gastro- and enteropathies
Authors: Drozdov V. N. , Meshcheryakov Yu. V. , Serebrova S. Yu. , Shikh E. V.
Published: January 2020

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of inflammatory and pain syndromes in the clinical practice of doctors of various specialties. The popularity of this pharmacological group is increasing due to over-the-counter dispensing condition, but at the same time, the significance of issues of likelihood, prevention and treatment of severe adverse drug reactions during intake that is controlled and uncontrolled by medical personnel is increasing. This review is devoted to the issue of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced damage to the gastrointestinal tract and to the current possibilities to prevent and manage such damage. The drugs that can increase the production of prostaglandins and mucus in the digestive tract and have a general anti-inflammatory effect raise significant hopes. Rebamipide draws particular attention due to numerous pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of secretion of newly formed prostaglandins and glycoproteins in the mucous membranes, inhibition of synthesis of oxidative stress products, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by intestinal epithelial cells. The authors considered the effectiveness of prophylactic use of rebamipide in comparison with other strategies for the use of drugs to prevent the development of stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers and distal small bowel ulcers. They described the mechanisms of prophylactic action and its debatable aspects for proton pump inhibitors, H2-histamine receptor blockers, misoprostol. The clinical efficacy of rebamipide is illustrated by a clinical example. The absence of effects on cytochrome P450 enzyme activity, which minimizes the risks of drug interactions and changes in bioavailability, biotransformation and excretion of the drug itself during its course use is an additional advantage of rebamipide.
Optimization of long-term prognosis of patients with alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Lunkov V. D. , Maevskaya M. V. , Ivashkin V. T.
Published: January 2020

Aim: to prove the effectiveness of combined physical and psychological assessment in improving the long-term outcome of patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

Materials and methods: the active outpatient follow-up (AOF) group included 29 patients with ALD consisted of active liver function and motivation assessment, motivational interviewing, liver panel lab tests with the rate once at 3 months. The AOF program consisted of dynamic monitoring of liver function at least 1 time in 3 months and psychological support provided by the hepatologist using brief interventional approach. The control of abstinence was provided by using self-reports and indirect biomarkers of alcohol consumption. The control group included 36 patients with ALD and history of two-years follow-up after first alcoholinduced liver injury who received comprehensive therapy and a simple advice to avoid alcohol.

Results: the adherence to abstinence were significantly higher in AOF group compared with control group. The proportion of patients with decompensated cirrhosis was significantly lower in AOF group compared with control group at 12 and 24 months after enrollment. The long-term survival in AOF-group was significantly higher than in control group. The only parameter independently associated with long-term survival was the presence of AOF program.

Conclusion: the combined physical and psychological assessment of patients with ALD, provided by internists improves adherence to abstinence, reduces the risk of decompensation of liver function, severity of ALD and improves patients survival in the long term period.
Experience of patient preparation for colonoscopy and colonic surgery with sodium phosphate
Authors: Katorkin S. E. , Andreev P. S. , Berezkina S. Yu. , Davydova O. E.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the experience of using sodium phosphate in patients, who were treated at the Clinic of Hospital Surgery of the Samara State Medical University Clinics in 2019.

Purpose of the study: evaluate the quality of patient preparation for colonoscopy with sodium phosphate in surgical hospital environment. Material and methods. A total of 50 patients who were admitted for emergency indications to the Clinic of Hospital Surgery in 2019 were enrolled in the study. All patients were divided into two groups.

The study included patients aged 24 to 69 years. The median age was 55.1 years in the treatment group and 56.2 years in the control group (p = 0.06). Men predominated in both groups: 16 (64%) in group 1 and 18 (72%) in group 2 (p = 0.08). The average time for submitting complaints about intestinal bleeding before seeking medical aid was 1.0 ± 0.70 days in the treatment group and 1.0 ± 0.35 days in the control group (p = 0.92). Group 1 included 25 patients, who were preparing for colonoscopy with sodium phosphate, Group 2 included 25 patients who were preparing for the examination with Macrogol.

Results: the preparation quality was evaluated using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Initially, the treatment and control groups did not have any statistically significant differences in all studied parameters. The colonoscopy identified the following nosologies. In Group 1, 9 patients had a diverticular disease of the colon; 4 – colon cancer; 12 patients continued treatment of grade 2–3 chronic internal hemorrhoids. In Group 2, the patients were distributed as follows: 10 patients were diagnosed with diverticular disease of the colon; 4 – colon cancer; 1 – an adenomatous polyp of the transverse colon and 10 patients had grade 2–3 chronic internal hemorrhoids. In addition, all patients filled out the questionnaire, which showed that the use of sodium phosphate is more convenient for the patient not only in terms of the dosage, but also due to relatively pleasant organoleptic properties. After examination of the colon, 45 patients received conservative treatment, five were operated following the colonoscopy and preoperative preparation.

Conclusion: we believe that the quality of preparation of patients with intestinal bleeding with sodium sulphate and Macrogol does not differ, however, sodium sulfate is preferable because of its more pleasant organoleptic properties and the smaller volume of solution used.
Clinical epidemiology of extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Tsvetkov V. V. , Tokin I. I. , Pozdnjakova S. A.
Published: January 2020

Extrahepatic manifestations occur in more than half of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and may be no less dangerous to the health and life of the patient than the isolated pathology of the liver. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is often accompanied by the formation of neurocognitive disorders, clinically manifested by general weakness, fatigue and the inability to maindoi tain concentration for a long time. Every fifth patient with chronic hepatitis C develops depression. The development of type 2 diabetes among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection is observed 1.7 times more often than among non-infected individuals. Mixed cryoglobulinemia is observed in at least 30% of patients, however, the clinical manifestations of this pathology develop only in 4.9% of cases, of which 69–89% of skin lesions, 19–44% of distal sensory and sensorimotor polyneuropathy, 30% of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, 28% of joint damage. Among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, higher prevalence than among non-infected individuals is observed, the prevalence rates of such nosologies as lymphoma from cells of the marginal zone are 2.47 times, diffuse large cell B cell lymphoma – 2.24 times, hypothyroidism – 3.1 time. Significantly more rarely encountered extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection are skin lesions that are not associated with the development of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: acquired late skin porphyria, necrolytic acral erythema and lichen planus. The question of the pathogenetic relationship of chronic hepatitis C virus infection with cardiovascular pathology remains open.
Effect of vitamin D on women’s somatic and reproductive health
Authors: Zhoukovskaya I. G. , Yakupova I. R.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of vitamin D deficiency on women’s health.

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with the somatic and reproductive health of women.

Methods: observation group I included 31 women with a reduced serum vitamin D levels (20.4 ± 1.0 ng/ml), comparison group II included 31 patients with normal vitamin D levels (39.0 ± 1.4 ng/ml). Results: the negative effect of vitamin D deficiency on women’s health is also practically assured, i.e. the incidence of somatic pathology is significantly higher in group I compared with group II: obesity (62.5 ± 12.1% and 18.8 ± 9.8%; p <0.5), insulin resistance (55.0 ± 9.0% and 1.0 ± 6.0%; p <0.001); arterial hypertension (42.0 ± 8.8% and 13.0 ± 6.0%; p <0.01); hypertrophic myocardiopathy (25.8 ± 7.8% and 6.4 ± 4.4%; p <0.05); chronic colitis (29.0 ± 8.1% and 6.4 ± 4.4%; p <0.05), gastric ulcer (22.5 ± 7.5% and 3.2 ± 3.2%; p <0.05), chronic pancreatitis (22.5 ± 7.5% and 3.2 ± 3.2%; p <0.05), chronic gastritis (25.8 ± 7.8% and 9.7 ± 5.3%; p <0.1). The interaction between reduced vitamin D levels and reproductive system diseases is confirmed by significant increase in the prevalence of secondary amenorrhea (80.0 ± 9.0% and 16.0 ± 7.3%; p <0.001), secondary oligomenorrhea (75.0 ± 9.7% and 20.0 ± 8.0%; p <0.001), hyperplastic processes – uterine fibroids (48.4 ± 9.0% and 13.3 ± 6.1%; p <0.001) and adenomyosis (26.6 ± 7.9% and 6.7 ± 4.5%; p <0.05), polycystic ovary syndrome (29.0 ± 8.2% and 6.7 ± 4.5%; p <0.05), vaginal microbiocenosis disorders (aerobic vaginitis – 42.0 ± 8.9% and 16.1 ± 6.6%; p <0.05; bacterial vaginosis – 29.0 ± 8.2% and 9.7 ± 5.3%; p <0.05).

Conclusion: management of vitamin D level is one of the priorities in the formation of therapeutic and preventive measures to improve the women’s health.
Fetal death in the women with cholestasis pregnancy
Authors: Kachkovskiy M. A. , Kosheleva O. V.
Published: January 2020

Background. The development of fetal death among pregnant women with cholestasis pregnancy (CP) is possible.

Aim. The purposeи is to determine the interconnection between clinico-anamnestic and laboratory indicators of pregnant women with CP and fetal death.

Patients and methods. 211 pregnant women were examined. The main group – 144 (68%) women with CP, control

group – 67 (32%) patients without symptoms of this disease. There are 2 subgroups depending on the presence or absence of fetal death among pregnant women with CP. A complex of standard clinical and diagnostic studies was performed, including obstetric ultrasound and cardiotocography. Results. In the group of patients with CP, postpartum hemorrhages (p<0.05), intrauterine fetal hypoxia (p<0.001) were significantly more frequent, fetal death was noted only in the main group (2.1%). In both subgroups miscarriages were more common in the history (p = 0.019). Most women with CHP had diseases of the hepatobiliary system, gestational hypertension and kidney disease (p<0.05). In the subgroup with fetal death arterial hypertension existed significantly more frequent before pregnancy (p<0.05). The itchy skin was extremely permanent among patients with CP and fetal death. The subgroup with fetal death significantly differed from the control group for hyperfermentemia both during pregnancy (alanine transaminase (ALT) – p<0.001, aspartate transaminase (AST) – p = 0.001, alkaline phosphatase (APH) – p = 0.001), and after delivery (ALT –p = 0.002, AST – p = 0.033, APH – p = 0.006).

Conclusions. Women with CP, with a miscarriage in anamnesis or hypertension are in a risk group of fetal death. A more frequent study of the fetal condition is needed among patients with persistent itching at CP.
Safety of dabigatran in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease: pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic aspects
Authors: Skripka A. I. , Bochkov P. O. , Akmalova K. A. , Shevchenko R. V. , Krupenin P. M. , Kogay V. V. , Listratov A. I. , Krainyaya A. S. , Napalkov D. A. , Gurinovich O. S. , Sokolova A. A. , Fomin V. V. , Sychev D. A.
Published: January 2020

Background: despite well-studied safety profile of dabigatran its interactions with genetic polymorphism parameters are poorly understood, especially in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study was aimed to evaluate relationships between CES1 and ABCB1 polymorphism, dabigatran trough plasma concentration (DTPC) and bleeding events in patients with AF and CKD.

Methods: patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and stage 3 CKD treated with dabigatran 110mg or 150 mg have been included in the study. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ABCB1 gene (rs1045642, rs4148738) and CES1 gene (rs2244613). A plasma trough concentration/dose (C/D) ratio was used as a pharmacokinetic index.

Results: a total of 60 patients, aged 51–89 years (median age 76 years) were evaluated. Compared with patients given 150 mg twice a day, those given 110 mg twice a day were older (79 vs 67.5, p < 0.0001) and had lower creatinine clearance (CrCl) (50.5 vs 60.5 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.015). We found C/D values to have high interindividual variability (mean 365.9 ± 290.4 μg/ml: mg/day, range 23.64-1452.73). Individuals with CKD 3B had higher concentration of dabigatran compared with those with 3A stage (488.7 ± 232.3 vs 332 ± 297.8 μg/ml : mg/day, p = 0.02). Consequently, there also was negative correlation of C/D with CrCl (r = -0.4, p = 0.0015). Evaluated SNPs (rs1045642, rs4148738, and rs2244613) did not affect C/D values (H test p > 0.05).

Conclusions: C/D values were significantly higher in patients with CKD 3B stage and those treated with dabigatran 110 mg. There was no influence of aforementioned SNPs on dabigatran trough concentrations and clinical outcomes.
ZAMİR /N/’SİNİN TÜRKÇEDEKİ FONEMORFOLOJİK GELİŞİMİ
Authors: KILIÇ Ensar , ERSÖZ Serpil
Published: January 2020

Altay dillerindeki, 3. kişi kategorisiyle alakalı zamir ve iyelik çekimlerinin bağlantı noktalarında görülen zamir /n/’sinin kökeni hakkında bugüne dek birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Zamir /n/’si, Türk lehçelerinde [n, n̪, ŋ] alofonlarıyla sesletilmekte veya /n/>/n̪/>/Ø/ gelişimiyle eriyerek yüzey yapıda kaybolmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda zamir /n/’sinin eskicil 3. kişi zamiriyle ilişkili bir morfolojik kalıntı olduğu konusunda iddialar ortaya atılmış, ayrıca zamir /n/’sinin yardımcı ses olduğuna dair görüşler dile getirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte zamir /n/’sinin Altay dilleri ve Türk lehçelerindeki fonetik varlığına dair araştırmaların sayısı oldukça azdır. İşte bu makalede, zamir /n/’si; yalnızca barındırdığı sesin morfolojisi açısından değil fonem teorisinin imkânlarından da faydalanılarak fonolojik geçmişi yönüyle ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca önceki çalışmalardan farklı olarak zamir /n/’si kullanıldığı konumlar için ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiş; üretken-dönüşümlü dil bilgisi bağlamında zamir /n/’si ve Ana Altaycada bulunan eskicil teklik kategorisi eki *+n, yapı bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Böylelikle zamir /n/’sinin fonemorfolojik tarihi hakkında yeni bilgilerin elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
TRADITIONS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND ITS POLITICAL REFLECTIONS
Authors: YENİÇIRAK Hasan
Published: January 2020

It
is really difficult to make a full definition of the Enlightenment. This
difficulty arises from the fact that the Enlightenment has penetrated into not
only many but all aspects of life. The most common thing that will be spoken
regarding the Enlightenment is that it is a mental activity. The roots of this
mental activity sprang up in the West. This intellectual movement in the West
formed different traditions of thought in diverse geographies of Europe. The
Enlightenment was shaped in a “rationalistic” quality in France and “empiricist”
character in Britain The distinction between the French Enlightenment and the
British Enlightenment concurrently gave rise to the division between social
structures. In this context, the British empiricism led to a “peaceful
revolution” whereas the French rationalization resulted in a “bloody
revolution”. In this article, my aim is to deal with the distinctions between
the French rationalization and the British empiricism, and to display how these
differences influenced on social change.
Frequency analysis of precipitation extremes under a changing climate: a case study in Heihe River basin, China
Authors: Tian Qingyun , Li Zhanling , Sun Xueli
Published: January 2020

The stationary assumption for the traditional frequency analysis of precipitation extremes has been challenged due to natural climate variability or human intervention. To overcome this challenge, this paper, taking Heihe River basin as the case study, performed the frequency analysis by developing a nonstationary GEV model for those seasonal maximum daily precipitation (SMP) time series with nonstationary characteristics by employing the GEV conditional density estimation network. In addition, the confidence intervals (CIs) of estimated return levels were also investigated by using the residual bootstrap technique. Results showed that, 7 of 12 SMP series were nonstationary. The parameters in the nonstationary model were specified as functions of time varying or correlated climate indices varying covariates. The frequency analysis showed that the return levels varied linearly or nonlinearly with covariates. Precipitation extremes with the same magnitude in the study area were found to be occurring more frequently in the future. The CIs of such return levels increased with time passing, especially those from the more complex GEV11 model, embedding a nonlinear increasing trend in model scale parameters. It implied that the increase of model complexity is likely to result in the increase of uncertainty in estimates.