bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dementia severity and advanced pressure injury procedures and prognosis: A nationwide study in Japan
Authors: Nakagami Gojiro , Morita Kojiro , Fujita Asahi , Abe Mari , Mugita Yuko , Akishita Masahiro , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: October 2024

Aim

In older adults, pressure injuries (PIs) are common and, despite advancements in PI care, are associated with increased complications in patients with dementia for whom standardized treatments are unavailable. Herein, we aimed to examine the influence of dementia status on the care practice pattern and healing outcomes for PI on discharge.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database for 2014–2015 and the Annual Report for Functions of Medical Institutions and included patients aged ≥65 years. The DESIGN‐R (depth, exudates, size, inflammation/infection, granulation, necrosis and rating) classification system was used to determine PI severity, and the Dementia Scale was used to assess dementia status. The measured outcomes included advanced PI care and healing upon discharge. Multivariable logistic regression, accounting for hospital‐related clustering, was used to examine the association of dementia with these outcomes.

Results

Among 20 386 patients from 1198 hospitals included in the analysis, 32.5%, 20.1% and 47.3% had no, mild and severe dementia, respectively. After adjustment for patients' and hospital characteristics, compared with those without dementia, patients with severe dementia were significantly less likely to undergo advanced treatments, such as skin grafts (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62 [95% confidential interval [CI], 0.40–0.97]; P = 0.034) and flap surgeries (aOR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.42–0.77]; P < 0.001), and had a reduced likelihood of PI healing (aOR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.72–0.90]; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Severe dementia was associated with poor PI healing outcomes, indicating potential treatment disparities. Thus, PI treatment should be provided according to the severity of dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1300–1307.
Roles of Pbp1, Mkt1, and Dhh1 in the regulation of gene expression in the medium containing non‐fermentative carbon sources
Authors: Himeno Yurika , Endo Nozomi , Rana Varsha , Akitake Natsu , Suda Tomomi , Suda Yasuyuki , Mizuno Tomoaki , Irie Kenji
Published: October 2024

Pbp1, a yeast ortholog of human ataxin‐2, is important for cell growth in the medium containing non‐fermentable carbon sources. We had reported that Pbp1 regulates expression of genes related to glycogenesis via transcriptional regulation and genes related to mitochondrial function through mRNA stability control. To further analyze the role of Pbp1 in gene expression, we first examined the time course of gene expression after transfer from YPD medium containing glucose to YPGlyLac medium containing glycerol and lactate. At 12 h after transfer to YPGlyLac medium, the pbp1∆ mutant showed decreased expression of genes related to mitochondrial function but no decrease in expression of glycogenesis‐related genes. We also examined a role of the Pbp1‐binding factor, Mkt1. The mkt1∆ mutant, like the pbp1∆ mutant, showed slow growth on YPGlyLac plate and reduced expression of genes related to mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we found that mutation of DHH1 gene encoding a decapping activator exacerbated the growth of the pbp1∆ mutant on YPGlyLac plate. The dhh1∆ mutant showed reduced expression of genes related to mitochondrial function. These results indicate that Pbp1 and Mkt1 regulate the expression of genes related to mitochondrial function and that the decapping activator Dhh1 also regulates the expression of those genes.
Time trend of outcomes according to systemic therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A single‐institution study
Authors: Uchikawa Shinsuke , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Murakami Serami , Miura Ryoichi , Shirane Yuki , Johira Yusuke , Kosaka Masanari , Fujii Yasutoshi , Fujino Hatsue , Ono Atsushi , Murakami Eisuke , Miki Daiki , Hayes C. Nelson , Tsuge Masataka , Oka Shiro
Published: October 2024

Background

We have been able to use molecular targeted agents for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma since 2009, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved in recent years. We assessed the efficacy of systemic therapy in Hiroshima University Hospital by each era.

Methods

A total of 357 patients who were treated with sorafenib, lenvatinib, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination therapy, or durvalumab plus tremeliumab combination therapy as first‐line systemic therapy in our hospital from November 2009 to December 2023 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. We divided the years from 2009 to 2023 into the following three periods: cohort I, 2009–2016, the single‐molecular targeted agent era; cohort II, 2017–2020, the multi‐molecular targeted agent era; and cohort III, 2020–2023, the immuno‐oncology era.

Results

The median survival time was 9.5 months in cohort I, 15.8 months in cohort II, and 20.2 months in cohort III. The median survival time in cohort III was significantly (p < 0.01) longer than in the other cohorts. The overall response rate by mRECIST was 4.1% in cohort I, 28.7% in cohort II, and 47.2% in cohort III. The disease control rate was 41.6% in cohort I, 61.2% in cohort II, and 73.6% in cohort III. Both overall response rate and disease control rate significantly increased by era.

Conclusions

We consider that advancements in systemic therapy, along with changes in treatment strategies, such as sequential therapy after progression, contribute to the prolonged prognosis across different eras.
Should we measure quality of life among people with HIV? A multicentre survey of physicians' opinions in Spain
Authors: Izquierdo Rebeca , Suárez‐García Inés , Gómez‐García Teresa , Marco‐Sánchez Cristina , Puente‐Ferreiro Julián , Moreno Cristina , Diaz Asunción , Cabello‐Clotet Noemí , Vinuesa David , Blanco José Luis , Melús Estrella , Gómez‐Ayerbe Cristina , Olalla Julián , Riera Melchor , Bernardino José Ignacio , de López Bernaldo de Quirós Juan Carlos , Moreno Santiago , Jarrín Inma ,   the CoRIS cohort
Published: October 2024

Objectives

We assessed the opinions of physicians caring for people with HIV (PWH) from the multicentre Spanish CoRIS cohort regarding the assessment of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods

We designed an online self‐administered questionnaire comprising 27 structured questions across four domains: (i) sociodemographic and clinical data; (ii) usefulness of measuring HRQoL; (iii) information, training and resource needed; and (iv) whether and how HRQoL should be measured. Physicians completed the questionnaire between April and June 2023.

Results

Of 131 physicians surveyed [53.8% men, median age 52 years (interquartile range: 42–60)], 90.9% and 88.6% agreed that measuring HRQoL is useful for both PWH and medical decision‐making, respectively. However, 67.2% needed training on what HRQoL is and how to measure it, 79.4% required information on validated tools, and 80.9% felt that clinical guidelines are needed. Overall, 90.1% of physicians agreed that HRQoL should be measured among PWH. Most physicians (82.8%) supported using specific scales for PWH, with 74.1% recommending annual measurement, 49.1% suggesting that nurses from HIV units conduct the assessments, and 43.1% favouring personal interviews during medical visits. At the time of the survey, 55.3% of physicians did not measure HRQoL in any patients due to time or resource constraints (75.8%).

Conclusions

Despite the recognized importance of HRQoL measurement in PWH, Spanish physicians encounter barriers such as time constraints and limited resources. Developing clear guidelines, using tailored scales, and integrating digital tools along with multidisciplinary support could enhance routine HRQoL assessments and improve patient‐centred care.
Preparation of high flux low‐cost ceramics membrane supports with oil‐based drilling cutting pyrolysis residues (ODPRs) as raw material
Authors: Li Yan , Li Yanjun , Liu Donghua , Wang Yu , Chen Jin , Ma Yuzhao , Chen Chang , Zhang Ying , Ding Donghai , Xiao Guoqing
Published: October 2024

Low‐cost ceramic membrane support is important for the filtration performance of a asymmetry filtration membrane. In this study, the oil‐based drilling cutting pyrolysis residues (ODPRs) were used as raw materials incorporating with fly ash, and carbon particles were used as pore‐forming agents to prepare high‐flux low‐cost ceramic membrane supports. Besides the strength of the supports was decreased with increased carbon particles addition and size, the porosity, pore size and consequently the Darcey permeability k1 and pure water permeability of the support were increased with the increased carbon particle addition and size. The chemical stability of the support was deteriorated with the increased carbon particles addition. A leaching test on the support with 10% 12 µm carbon particle addition indicates that the support obtained by using the ODPRs incorporating with fly ash as raw materials is safe for aqueous filtration. This study showcased the utilization of ODPRs as a primary resource to manufacture a high‐permeability support for water filtration. This approach aligns with the principles of sustainable development, following a waste‐to‐product‐to‐environment pathway.
Fostering Inclusive Learning and 21st‐Century Skills: Creating Translanguaging Spaces in University Content and Language Integrated Learning Courses
Authors: Itoi Kiyu
Published: October 2024

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an innovative educational approach applicable to diverse settings. CLIL promotes 21st‐century skills, including logical and critical thinking, problem‐solving, creativity, collaboration, and cross‐cultural awareness. In Asia, particularly Japan, CLIL has predominantly focused on English language acquisition, often overshadowing its broader goal of developing other skills. Accordingly, a new language course has been developed to enhance both language proficiency and 21st‐century skills among Japanese and English learners at an international university in Japan. This study presents findings from a larger case study that examines student and teacher experiences within the new CLIL framework, leveraging translanguaging pedagogy. Analyzing student reflections and interviews, this study highlights the role of translanguaging in enhancing 21st‐century skills such as leadership, critical thinking, and collaboration, particularly in group projects. However, deeply ingrained monolingual beliefs pose challenges to students fully embracing translanguaging methods, despite their educational value. This study provides insights for educators and policymakers advocating innovative language programs, particularly in fostering global citizenship and diverse skillsets essential in contemporary contexts. It also highlights the importance of integrating language learning with broader skill development in multicultural educational environments.
The Implementation of the KAM Reforms in Saudi Arabia: Stakeholder Perspectives on the Audit Expectations Gap
Authors: Al Qahtani Saeed , Phan Duc Hong Thi , Kend Michael , Alghasham Ola Mohammed A.
Published: October 2024

This exploratory study investigates the implementation of key audit matters (KAM) in audit reports under ISA701 to better understand how KAM disclosures may help narrow the audit expectations gap. The study draws on findings from semi‐structured interviews with 28 professional stakeholders from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The study's aim was to explore the relationship between KAM disclosures and the audit expectations gap considering audit quality concerns. Our findings reveal that (i) financial statement users report that they better understand what the auditor does, which enhanced their confidence in the audit process; and (ii) at least some financial statement users report that KAM disclosures provide new information about companies' risks that management was not already providing. We further report that many interviewees (particularly Big Four external auditors) indicated that the KAM reforms did not enhance audit quality in KSA. Interestingly, a small number of non‐Big Four auditors believed that KAM disclosures have enhanced audit quality. The key message is that the KAM reforms did not necessarily improve audit quality but that they are perceived to have played a role in further narrowing the audit expectations gap and reducing the need for communication, thus creating market efficiencies.
Rheological properties and in vitro digestibility of chicken breast myofibrillar protein containing various psyllium (Plantago ovata) husk concentrations
Authors: Choi Ji Seon , Chin Koo Bok
Published: October 2024

Most dietary fibres improved rheological properties but negatively impacted digestibility. However, the effect of psyllium husk powder (PHP) on digestibility has not been yet reported. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the rheological properties and digestibility of chicken myofibrillar protein (MP) containing different concentrations of PHP (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) at 0.45 m NaCl. To assess the rheological properties of MP, viscosity, hydrophobicity, disulphide bond, SDS–PAGE, cooking yield and gel strength were evaluated. The addition of PHP enhanced water retention capacity and protein–protein interactions in the MP system. To evaluate the effect of PHP on digestibility, protein digestibility, SDS–PAGE and microstructure observations were performed. It was confirmed that the addition of PHP improved the protein digestibility of MP by measuring the differences in protein content (%). Therefore, the addition of PHP into MP gel improved not only the rheological properties but also the protein digestibility during in vitro digestion.
The heart of the matter: a re‐iteration of the role of the social determinants of health in addressing health inequity in Central Australia
Authors: Naughton William , Baumann Angus A. , Neal Kirsten , Wilson Dan , Johnson Richard , Holwell Anna
Published: October 2024

The persisting life‐expectancy ‘gap’ between First Nations and non‐First Nations Australians is fundamentally driven by the social determinants of health. These include income and social protection, access to adequate housing and food security, among others. These factors are particularly prominent in Central Australia. Inadequate housing has led to some of the highest rates of Streptococcus pyogenes infection in the world, which in turn drives an extremely high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease. Food insecurity and inadequate social protection manifesting as energy insecurity result in inadequate nutrition and have resulted in a huge burden of diabetes in Central Australia. These factors, combined with social exclusion, racism and the pervasive effect of colonisation, also drive a high rate of alcohol misuse. Only by prioritising equity in these ‘social determinants’ and emphasising the importance of First Nations leadership in formulating and implementing solutions will health inequity be addressed.
Effect of binary ion substitution on the crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of MgTa2O6 ceramics
Authors: Gao Yang , Chen Junjie , Fang Weishuang , Peng Haiyi , Xie Tianyi , Ren Haishen , Yao Xiaogang , Lin Huixing
Published: October 2024

Mg1/3A11/3A21/3Ta2O6 ceramics (where A1 and A2 represent Co, Ni, or Zn) were prepared using the solid‐phase reaction route. The results of X‐ray diffraction and Raman tests showed that (Co1/2Ni1/2)2+, (Co1/ 2Zn1/2)2+, and (Ni1/2Zn1/2)2+ ions replaced Mg2+ ions in the lattice of MgTa2O6, resulting in the formation of a pure tri‐rutile structure. All three complex ions could significantly reduce the sintering temperature of the ceramics (by 150°C–200°C) and could broaden the sintering window. The large deviation (48.8%–69.2%) between the porosity corrected relative permittivity εr‐corr. and the theoretical relative permittivity εr‐theo. might be due to the overestimation of the ionic polarizability of Ta5+ by Shannon. (Co1/2Ni1/2)2+ has the most significant effect of increasing the bond energy of ceramic A–O bonds, reducing the τf value from 51 to 36 ppm/°C. In addition, the mechanisms affecting their dielectric properties are discussed based on bond ionicity (fi), full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Raman peak, and bond energy (E). Mg1/3Co1/3Ni1/3Ta2O6 ceramic sintered at 1350°C have the most excellent microwave dielectric properties: εr = 26.8, Q × f = 86,000 GHz, and τf = 36 ppm/°C.
Family Resilience in Patients With Schizophrenia: Potential Influencing Factors and Mediating Effect
Authors: Chen Yubin , Zhang Linghui , Jiang Wenlong , Yu Hong , Zhang Jiayuan , Li Qi , Ren Jiaxin , Zhou Yuqiu
Published: October 2024

Objective

To identify the determinants of family resilience in the recovery of individuals with schizophrenia using Walsh's family resilience framework.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

In Northeast China, 403 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were enrolled for this study, assessing family resilience, family communication, social support, illness knowledge, hope and family functioning. Regression analyses were conducted using SPSS 27.0, and mediation effects were examined using Mplus 7.0.

Results

Logistic regression showed that female gender and having a sibling as a caregiver were negatively associated with family resilience, while a higher educational level was positively associated. Mediation analysis showed that family functioning and hope levels mediated the impact of family communication, social support and disease knowledge on family resilience, confirming their crucial roles.

Conclusion

Family functioning and hope are central in mediating the relationships between family communication, social support, illness knowledge and family resilience in families dealing with schizophrenia.

Impact

The findings of this study enable psychiatric nurses and policymakers to devise intervention strategies that enhance family resilience among patients with schizophrenia, thereby facilitating their recovery and well‐being.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public engagement.
Can we work it out? Affordances and constraints for cultivating perspective‐taking in digital contexts
Authors: Goldfarb Cohen Shai , Dishon Gideon
Published: October 2024

Background

The rising importance of digital technologies in everyday communication has played a key role in processes of political polarization and rising mistrust and intolerance. We suggest this crisis could be productively conceptualized as a crisis in perspective‐taking—the tendency and competency to actively consider others' mental and emotional states.

Objectives

This conceptual paper sets out to propose a theoretical framework that identifies the key affordances of digital platforms for promoting perspective‐taking in formal educational settings (K‐12 and higher education): (1) connecting diverse individuals, (2) simulating interactions with other perspectives and (3) supporting the articulation and sharing of perspectives.

Methods

Rather than summarizing the state of existing research, this paper aims to offer a novel conceptualization that allows unpacking the interplay between research on perspective‐taking and work on the affordances and constraints of digital media. We identify the three key affordances outlined above, exemplifying them by focusing on one type of digital tool and comparing them along two axes: (i) the depth vs. diversity of interactions it supports and (ii) its cultivation of intergroup perspective‐taking vs. interpersonal perspective‐taking.

Results and Conclusions

This framework, we argue, articulates the advantages and limitations of digital tools towards engagement in perspective‐taking, while providing a conceptual roadmap, and practical considerations, for researchers and practitioners interested in cultivating digitally mediated perspective‐taking in educational settings.
Effects of Combined Cold Plasma and Organic Acid‐Based Sanitizer Treatments Against Salmonella enterica on Tomato Surfaces
Authors: Ukuku Dike O. , Mukhopadhyay Sudarsan , Niemira Brendan A. , Olanya Ocen M.
Published: October 2024

Incidence of foodborne illness due to bacterial contamination of fresh produce continue to exist despite continuous research on processing interventions to mitigate the problem. In this study, we combined atmospheric cold plasma treatments with an antimicrobial solution containing specific organic acids generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA and tested its antimicrobial efficacy against Salmonella enterica inoculated on tomato surfaces. Tomato surfaces were inoculated with at 5.6 log CFU/g of Salmonella by spotting 0.1 mL of 7 log CFU/ml Salmonella onto the tomato stem scars, and by dipping whole tomatoes into a solution of 7 log CFU/ml Salmonella for 3 min to achieve 4.1 log CFU/g. Antimicrobial efficacy of the organic acid‐based sanitizer + cold plasma treatments for 30, 60, 120, 180, and 360 s, were investigated, and significant bacterial inactivation was achieved above 120 s treatments. At 120 s, surviving populations of aerobic mesophilic bacteria recovered on the tomatoes surfaces averaged < 2 logs/g while yeast and mold survival averaged < 1 CFU/g. Treatment combination with this organic acid‐based sanitizer + cold plasma for 120 s resulted in a 4.9 log reduction of Salmonella on the stem scar area and a 3.9 log reduction on the smooth peel surface. Similarly, populations of aerobic mesophilic bacteria recovered on treated tomato surfaces averaged < 0.3 log CFU/g. The results of this study indicate that combining an organic acid‐based sanitizer with cold plasma treatments for ≥ 120 s can inactivates significant populations of Salmonella to enhance the microbial safety of tomato surfaces designated for fresh‐cut salad.
The relationship between attachment insecurity and pathological narcissism: A three‐level meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Yihan , Zhang Juan , Wang Yihui
Published: October 2024

The detrimental effects of pathological narcissism on individual development and intimate relationships have been widely studied. Although the exact origins of this phenomenon are still debated, the important role that family dynamics play in its emergence is increasingly being recognized. Previous researchers have pointed out that insecure attachment is associated with pathological narcissism; however, empirical findings are inconsistent. Hence, this study conducted a three‐level random‐effects meta‐analysis based on 183 effect sizes from 29 articles (N = 8247 participants). Our findings have demonstrated the significant and positive link between insecure attachment and pathological narcissism (r = .18; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.22; p < .001). In addition, a moderator analysis was carried out to explore factors that may weaken or strengthen the primary association of interest. In total, there are five significant moderators, including insecure attachment style (F(3,176) = 13.72; p < .001), measurement tool of attachment insecurity (F(8,171) = 4.59; p < .001), measurement tool of pathological narcissism (F(6,173) = 5.21; p < .001), percentage of participants identifying as male (F(1,174) = 4.04; p = .046), and age (F(1,178) = 19.94; p < .001). This research highlights the positive correlation between attachment insecurity and pathological narcissism, providing family theorists with insights into how early family experiences influence personality formation and guiding family therapists in interventions for narcissistic pathology.
Precision health: Determining the capacity of practicing nurses across the United States
Authors: Fangonil‐Gagalang Evangeline , Schultz Mary Anne , Huryk Laurie A. , Payne Pamela A. , Schoenbaum Anna E. , Velez Kimberly
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Precision Health (PH) holds the promise of revolutionizing healthcare by enabling personalized disease prevention and management through the integration of genomic data, lifestyle factors, environmental influences, and other social determinants of health (SDoH). However, the absence of a baseline assessment of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) of practicing nurses' capacity for PH hinders its integration. The purpose of this study is to determine the capacity of practicing Registered Nurses (RNs) for PH across the United States and to assess the validity and reliability of a tool designed for this use—the Precision Health Nurse Capacity Scale (PHNCS).

Design/Method

A descriptive exploratory study was conducted to evaluate the capacity of practicing RNs for this evolving phenomenon, PH, using a convenience sample. The survey was sent via email and made available to all members of the American Nurses Association (ANA) who work in a variety of practice environments. The ANA represents the over 4 million nurses practicing in the United States.

Results

The majority of nurse respondents felt it is important for nurses to become more educated about all aspects of PH including SDoH but they lack confidence in the integration of PH. The PHNCS was found to be a valid and reliable tool in measuring the capacity of nurses to practice PH.

Conclusion

The incorporation of PH into nursing practice suffers an immediate impediment: the lack of know‐how of the US nursing workforce. This inaugural data on KSAs for PH establishes a logical baseline from which the requisite education and training should commence.

Clinical relevance

Precision Health is an emerging healthcare approach in the United States and globally. Enabling it will require a nursing workforce prepared with the requisite KSAs. Determining the capacity of the nursing workforce is a foundational step to begin this process.
How much are we willing to pay for quality wine? A meta‐analysis and meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Núñez Jacobo , Martín‐Barroso David , Núñez‐Serrano Juan A. , Velázquez Francisco J.
Published: October 2024

This paper performs a meta‐analysis and a meta‐regression analysis on the price semi‐elasticity of wine quality ratings in the context of estimating hedonic price functions. To do so, we thoroughly search for publications that have estimated hedonic functions in this market, resulting in 223 articles estimating 1595 functions, although not all of them incorporate quality ratings. Additionally, 60 aspects of the different studies are coded, including sample characteristics, incorporated attributes, and other implemented methodological choices. The meta‐analysis is then performed, revealing evidence of selection and publication biases. Taking them into account, the price elasticity is found to be around 5%–6%, remaining robust to several robustness checks. The meta‐regression explores the unexplained heterogeneity in the price elasticities observed in the meta‐analysis. Results indicate that quality ratings are more influential in the context of red wines, and less important in the case of sparkling and organic wines. The nature of the data source matters, but generally not the type of price used except the ones obtained from auction and en primeur sales. The influence of the remaining attributes incorporated in the hedonic function is relatively small, except for other quality aspects, reputation, and environment. The econometric techniques used in the estimation do not affect the effect size. This is also the result found for the type of publication, except for studies published in books. Finally, we find that the most cited studies are those that show a smaller effect.
Impact of School Gardens on Nutrition Education Among Limited‐Income Communities in Alabama
Authors: Sanchez Sofia O. , Funderburk Katie , Reznicek Erin , Parmer Sondra M. , Hinnant J. B.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

We sought to determine the impact of school gardens and nutrition education on student fruit and vegetable consumption from limited‐income communities in Alabama.

METHODS

Third grade students at 99 Alabama schools with and without gardens on‐site were randomized to receive either nutrition education or to a wait‐list control group. Multi‐level models were used to assess the effects of treatment and control with and without school gardens.

RESULTS

Students attending schools with gardens demonstrated highest consumption of fruits and vegetables prior to treatment. Nutrition education alone translated into significant dietary improvements. Both gardens and education translated into greatest dietary improvements.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY

Devising financially accessible, practical, and culturally relevant ways to improve student health through garden and nutrition education may help improve student diet. Forming comprehensive Extension, SNAP‐Ed, and school collaboration to support gardens, nutrition education, and healthy school policies and systems can be a way to support and sustain healthy student learning environments.

CONCLUSIONS

Combined gardening and nutrition education is associated with increases in fruit and vegetable consumption among majority rural, Southern students from limited‐resource communities.
Peer support in paediatrics: A literature review
Authors: Ansar Sigrid , Coveliers Amber , De Bruyn Sarah , Janssen Toon , Oostermeyer Roxanne , Wille Femke , Schoonjans An‐Sofie , Verhulst Stijn
Published: October 2024

Aim

Creating an overview of the existing literature about peer support in paediatrics, with a focus on children with chronic diseases.

Methods

An online search was conducted in MEDLINE and Web of Science. English, Dutch or French articles published between 1 January 2000 and 10 May 2023 were included, based on title and abstract.

Results

In this review, 47 articles were included, identifying following themes: Health‐Related Quality of Life (n = 8), peer support for parents/siblings (n = 6), social environment (n = 2), and peer support programme for children (n = 31) subdivided in: general concept (n = 13), online (n = 11), camps (n = 6), and development of a peer support programme (n = 1). Peer support aims to improve disease‐related knowledge, coping, and management of the disease, as well as creating a positive mindset and decreasing the disease burden. There is no consensus regarding which peer group design was superior.

Conclusions

Peer groups aim to increase knowledge and psychological adaptation, and decrease physical symptoms and side effects. It is desired to start the peer mentor programme within 1 year after diagnosis or during a critical incident. Further investigation needs to determine the optimal age to start these groups and the format (online or in‐person). Communication between mentors and their mentees was crucial in the succeeding of the programme, as well as creating a safe environment to share experiences. Even though research is still needed concerning peer‐to‐peer support for children, there is already a lot known about similar programmes for parents of children with chronic diseases.
Paediatric visual impairment in Western Australia: Results and lessons from a registry analysis
Authors: Taylor Joshua R , Jeffery Rachael CH , Cook Angus , Chen Fred K
Published: October 2024

Aim

Clinical registries are an important research tool to enhance our understanding of vision loss in the Australian paediatric population. We aim to provide an update on the epidemiology of visual impairment among Western Australian children using registry data analysis, and to highlight the challenges of registry data collection.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of visual impairment and blindness registrations of children aged 0–16 years in Western Australia from 1996 to 2015. Blindness was defined as visual acuity ≤6/60 in the better‐seeing eye or binocular visual field ≤20° diameter, with all other certifications labelled as visual impairment. Certificates were assessed for primary causes of vision loss by age strata and sex. Registration rate trends were analysed across three discrete registration periods.

Results

Of 11 800 certificates issued between 1996 and 2015, 728 certificates (6.2%) were issued to 710 children. Five hundred and twenty‐nine (74.5%) certificates were issued for visual impairment and 181 (25.5%) for blindness. The leading cause of certification was inherited retinal disease (73, 10.3%), followed by cortical visual impairment (57, 8.0%) and albinism (56, 7.9%). The annual registration rate of visual impairment increased from 0.5 to 9.8 per 100 000 person‐years across the study period, whereas blindness rates fell from 2.7 to 1.3.

Conclusions

Overall registration rates of paediatric visual impairment in Western Australia are increasing, but these trends should be interpreted with caution given the known limitations of registry data. Enhancements of the registration process could be achieved through digitisation, inclusion of patient outcome data, and incentives for greater practitioner engagement.
Weight status underestimation and weight management goals among adults in the rural South of the United States
Authors: Waraich Haakim A. , Wirth Michael D. , Wandji Serge , Graves Janessa M. , Abshire Demetrius A.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To examine factors associated with weight status underestimation and the relationship between weight status underestimation and weight loss as a weight management goal among adults living in the rural South.

Methods

An anonymous survey was distributed at six primary care clinics and two churches in rural, South Carolina counties. Weight status underestimation was determined based on the difference between perceived weight status using standard body mass index (BMI) categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese) and BMI category from self‐reported height and weight. Participants reported whether their weight management goal was to lose, maintain, or gain weight. Chi‐square and binary logistic regressions were used for data analysis.

Findings

A total of 185 respondents (76% female) at least partially completed the survey. Nearly 60% underestimated their weight status. Increasing BMI was associated with higher odds of weight status underestimation (OR: 1.10, 95%: 1.04, 1.15) and perceptions of being in fair or poor health was associated with lower odds of weight status underestimation relative to perceiving health as good or better (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.66). Among those with overweight and obesity, the association between underestimating weight status and having weight loss as a weight management goal was strong but not statistically significant (OR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.04, 1.04).

Conclusions

Underestimating weight status was common among adults in the rural US South and was related to BMI and health status. Research is needed to determine if improving the accuracy of weight perceptions can promote weight management in the rural South.
Parental Sanctification, God Images, and Parental Happiness and Satisfaction in the United States
Authors: Upenieks Laura , Ellison Christopher G.
Published: October 2024

The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between non‐theistic parental sanctification and well‐being among parents, and whether parents’ primary images of God (authoritative, benevolent, critical, and distant) modified this relationship among American parents. Drawing on nationally representative data from the 2014 Baylor Religion Survey (N = 1078), our cross‐sectional results suggest that non‐theistic sanctification was linked to greater overall happiness and satisfaction in the parental role. We also found consistent evidence that the relationship between non‐theistic parental sanctification and greater happiness and parental satisfaction was stronger for individuals with either an authoritative or benevolent God image, and weaker among those with parents with a distant God image. The study of sanctification in conjunction with images of the divine offers one fruitful approach to understanding both the benefits and risks of integrating religion/spirituality into daily life.
Familial osteochondrodysplastic and cardiomyopathic syndrome in Chianina cattle
Authors: Jacinto Joana G. P. , Ogundipe Tolulope G. , Benazzi Cinzia , Häfliger Irene M. , Muscatello Luisa V. , Bolcato Marilena , Rinnovati Riccardo , Gentile Arcangelo , Drögemüller Cord
Published: October 2024

Background

Skeletal dysplasia encompasses a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by an abnormal development of bones, joints, and cartilage. Two Chianina half‐sibling calves from consanguineous mating with congenital skeletal malformations and cardiac abnormalities were identified.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To characterize the disease phenotype, to evaluate its genetic cause, and to determine the prevalence of the deleterious alleles in the Chianina population.

Animals

Two affected calves, their parents and 332 Chianina bulls.

Methods

The affected animals underwent clinicopathological investigation. Whole‐genome sequencing trio‐approach and PCR‐based assessment of the frequency of TDP‐glucose 4,6‐dehydratase (TGDS) and laminin subunit alpha 4 (LAMA4) alleles were performed.

Results

The cases presented with retarded growth, poor nutritional status associated with muscular atrophy and angular deformities of the hindlimbs. Radiologic examination identified generalized osteopenia and shortening of the limb long bones. Necropsy showed osteochondrodysplastic limbs and dilatation of the heart right ventricle. On histological examination, the physeal cartilages were characterized by multifocal mild to moderate loss of the normal columnar arrangement of chondrocytes. Osteopenia also was observed. Genetic analysis identified a missense variant in TGDS and a splice‐site variant in LAMA4, both of which were homozygous in the 2 cases. Parents were heterozygous and allele frequency in the Chianina population for the TGDS variant was 5% and for the LAMA4 variant was 2%.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Genetic findings identified 2 potentially pathogenic alleles in TGDS and LAMA4, but no clear mode of inheritance could be determined.
‘I love my class family’: Writing Realities and Relational Pedagogies
Authors: Laman Tasha Tropp , Flint Amy Seely , Rossi Reanne , Jaggers Wanda
Published: October 2024

Asset‐based and relational pedagogies highlight the centrality of meaningful relationships and authenticity in teaching and learning. Foregrounding children's lived experiences, interests, and ways of knowing provides a focus for teachers to be responsive, both relationally and pedagogically. Writing workshop, as conceived in the 1980's by Donald Graves and Lucy Calkins, is a longstanding curricular structure that encourages young writers to engage with multiple tools and resources, including peers, as they compose. Through writing conferences and authors’ chairs, young writers attend to the practice of composing on paper/screen as well as how their message may be received. This study analyzes children's writing samples to underscore the presence of (a) writing identity, (b) critical literacy, (c) culturally sustaining pedagogy, (d) translanguaging, and (e) intertextuality. Chilldren's interactions with tools, peers, and others provide fertile ground for understanding the critical role of a humanizing and relational approach to teaching and learning. The following questions guide this study: (1) How is a writing realities framework reflected in young children's compositions? (2) What do children's writing artifacts reveal about relationality?
Stable isotope ratios indicate trophic niche overlap in three sympatric delphinid species in the Eastern Ionian Sea
Authors: Borrell Asunción , Tort Beatriu , Garcia‐Garin Odei , Genov Tilen , Gonzalvo Joan
Published: October 2024

Studying the sympatric ecology of closely related marine top predator species is of interest both from an ecological and conservation standpoint, because it provides insights into ecosystem functioning, how such species avoid competitive exclusion, and how human stressors may impact these patterns. In this study, we examine the isotopic niche of three sympatric dolphin species that inhabit the eastern Ionian Sea: the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), and the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). We used carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope ratios to construct three‐dimensional isotope niches and calculate niche sizes and their overlaps among the three species to study interspecific competition for resources. Common dolphin niche overlapped with that of the striped dolphin by 77%, suggesting potential resource competition between these two species. The niche overlap between striped/common dolphins and bottlenose dolphins was much lower (47%). Large differences in isotopic ratios were found between the bottlenose dolphins of the Ionian Sea and those of a largely isolated population in the adjacent semienclosed Gulf of Ambracia, further corroborating the previously documented isolation between the two populations.
The perception and evolution of flagellin, cold shock protein and elongation factor Tu from vector‐borne bacterial plant pathogens
Authors: Trinh Jessica , Tran Megann , Coaker Gitta
Published: October 2024

Vector‐borne bacterial pathogens cause devastating plant diseases that cost billions of dollars in crop losses worldwide. These pathogens have evolved to be host‐ and vector‐dependent, resulting in a reduced genome size compared to their free‐living relatives. All known vector‐borne bacterial plant pathogens belong to four different genera: ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’, Spiroplasma and Xylella. To protect themselves against pathogens, plants have evolved pattern recognition receptors that can detect conserved pathogen features as non‐self and mount an immune response. To gain an understanding of how vector‐borne pathogen features are perceived in plants, we investigated three proteinaceous features derived from cold shock protein (csp22), flagellin (flg22) and elongation factor Tu (elf18) from vector‐borne bacterial pathogens as well as their closest free‐living relatives. In general, vector‐borne pathogens have fewer copies of genes encoding flagellin and cold shock protein compared to their closest free‐living relatives. Furthermore, epitopes from vector‐borne pathogens were less likely to be immunogenic compared to their free‐living counterparts. Most Liberibacter csp22 and elf18 epitopes do not trigger plant immune responses in tomato or Arabidopsis. Interestingly, csp22 from the citrus pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ triggers immune responses in solanaceous plants, while csp22 from the solanaceous pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ does not. Our findings suggest that vector‐borne plant pathogenic bacteria evolved to evade host recognition.
A self‐cooling self‐humidifying mosquito carrier backpack for transporting live adult mosquitoes on foot over long distances under challenging field conditions
Authors: Kavishe Deogratius R. , Msoffe Rogath V. , Malika Goodluck Z. , Walsh Katrina A. , Duggan Lily M. , Tarimo Lucia J. , Butler Fidelma , Kaindoa Emmanuel W. , Ngowo Halfan S. , Killeen Gerry F.
Published: October 2024

It is often necessary to use motorised transport to move live mosquitoes from distant field collection points into a central insectary, so that their behavioural and/or physiological phenotypes can be assessed under carefully controlled conditions. However, a survey of heritable insecticide susceptibility traits among wild‐caught Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes, collected across an extensive study area composed largely of wilderness in southern Tanzania, necessitated that live mosquitoes were carried on foot over distances up to 25 km per day because most of the area was impassable by car, motorcycle or even bicycle during the rains. A self‐cooling, self‐humidifying carrier backpack was therefore developed that allows live adult mosquito specimens to be transported across rugged miombo woodland and floodplain terrain throughout the year. This wettable backpack was fabricated from stitched Tanzanian kitenge cotton fabric and polyvinyl chloride–coated fibreglass netting that allows easy circulation of air in and out. An outer cover flap made of cotton towelling embedded inside a kitenge envelope overhangs the fibreglass netting upper body of the bag, to protect mosquitoes from direct sunlight, and can be soaked with water to maintain low temperature and high humidity inside. Mean survival of insectary‐reared female An. arabiensis transported through nine different mobile camps inside the 509 km2 Ifakara‐Lupiro‐Mang'ula wildlife management area (ILUMA WMA), over up to 143 km and 25 days, was statistically indistinguishable from those left in the field insectary over the same period. Although considerable variance of survival was observed between different batches of mosquitoes from the insectary and between individual cups of mosquitoes, the different levels and positions inside the backpack had no influence on this outcome. Temperature and humidity inside the backpack were maintained at standard insectary conditions throughout, despite much more extreme conditions immediately outside. When the backpack was used to transport wild An. arabiensis and Anopheles quadriannulatus across a much larger study area of >4000 km2, encompassing the ILUMA WMA, some nearby villages and adjacent parts of Nyerere National Park (NNP), it achieved a mean survival rate of 58.2% (95% confidence interval 47.5–68.2). Encouragingly, no difference in survival was observed between ILUMA WMA and NNP even though transport back from NNP involves much longer distances, sometimes involving lengthy journeys by car or boat. Overall, this mosquito carrier backpack prototype appears to represent a viable and effective method for transporting live wild‐caught mosquitoes on foot across otherwise impassable terrain under challenging weather conditions with minimal detrimental impact on their survival.
Tropicoporus tropicalis: A Newly Recognised Pathogen in Eumycetoma and Refractory Mycoses in Humans
Authors: Rattananukrom Teerapong , Arenas Roberto , Aquino Caren J. , Martínez‐Hernandez Fernando , Hernandez‐Castro Rigoberto
Published: October 2024

Tropicoporus tropicalis (formerly Phellinus tropicalis) is a saprophytic basidiomycete that has been implicated in refractory mycoses in humans, particularly in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Despite its clinical significance, T. tropicalis is an under‐recognised cause of eumycetoma, with no prior reports available. We present a case of white grain eumycetoma with associated osteomyelitis of the left foot, caused by T. tropicalis, confirmed through 18S‐ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2‐28S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. The patient was treated with itraconazole 200 mg daily, leading to gradual improvement. A review of the literature on T. tropicalis infections in humans reveals its characteristic manifestations, which include osteomyelitis, soft tissue abscesses, pulmonary nodules and keratitis. These infections are locally destructive but have the potential to disseminate. Diagnosis is often delayed and relies on molecular techniques. Amphotericin B combined with an azole appears to be the most effective treatment, often necessitating concurrent surgical drainage. In conclusion, T. tropicalis is a newly recognised pathogen associated with eumycetoma and poses an increased risk of osteomyelitis. Molecular identification, such as sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from cultures or tissue specimens, is crucial for accurate identification of this pathogen.