bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frontier Archaeology: Excavating Huli Colonization of the Lower Tagali Valley, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Ash Jeremy , Denham Tim , Ballard Chris , Muke John , Crouch Joe
Published: December 2022

Archaeological investigations have documented an ideological and occupied frontier in the Lower Tagali Valley along the southern margins of the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Open-area excavations document two types of house structure associated with Huli occupation of the Lower Tagali Valley landscape, a women's house (wandia) and a lodge and ceremonial complex associated with a bachelor cult (ibagiyaanda). Excavation revealed the complete floor plan of the women's house site and multiple structural elements of the ceremonial complex. Radiocarbon dating provides a chronology for both sites that accords with genealogical histories for the colonization of this landscape by Huli during the early nineteenth century, or approximately eight generations ago. These archaeological findings are consistent with the strategies still employed today by Huli in the initial ideological incorporation of new territory and anchoring of expansionary claims through subsequent settlement and cultivation.
Evidence for two stages of prediction in non-native speakers: A visual-world eye-tracking study
Authors: Corps Ruth E. , Liao Meijian , Pickering Martin J.
Published: December 2022

Comprehenders predict what a speaker is likely to say when listening to non-native (L2) and native (L1) utterances. But what are the characteristics of L2 prediction, and how does it relate to L1 prediction? We addressed this question in a visual-world eye-tracking experiment, which tested when L2 English comprehenders integrated perspective into their predictions. Male and female participants listened to male and female speakers producing sentences (e.g.,I would like to wear the nice…) about stereotypically masculine (target: tie; distractor: drill) and feminine (target: dress; distractor: hairdryer) objects. Participants predicted associatively, fixating objects semantically associated with critical verbs (here, the tie and the dress). They also predicted stereotypically consistent objects (e.g., the tie rather than the dress, given the male speaker). Consistent predictions were made later than associative predictions, and were delayed for L2 speakers relative to L1 speakers. These findings suggest prediction involves both automatic and non-automatic stages.
Inequalities in energy drink consumption among UK adolescents: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Vogel Christina , Shaw Sarah , Strömmer Sofia , Crozier Sarah , Jenner Sarah , Cooper Cyrus , Baird Janis , Inskip Hazel , Barker Mary
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To examine energy drink consumption among adolescents in the UK and associations with deprivation and dietary inequalities.

Design:

Quantitative dietary and demographic data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) repeated cross-sectional survey were analysed using logistic regression models. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Setting:

UK.

Participants:

Quantitative data: nationally representative sample of 2587 adolescents aged 11–18 years. Qualitative data: 20 parents, 9 teachers and 28 adolescents from Hampshire, UK.

Results:

NDNS data showed adolescents’ consumption of energy drinks was associated with poorer dietary quality (OR 0·46 persd; 95 % CI (0·37, 0·58);P< 0·001). Adolescents from more deprived areas and lower income households were more likely to consume energy drinks than those in more affluent areas and households (OR 1·40; 95 % CI (1·16, 1·69);P< 0·001; OR 0·98 per £1000; 95 % CI (0·96, 0·99);P< 0·001, respectively). Between 2008 and 2016, energy drink consumption among adolescents living in the most deprived areas increased, but decreased among those living in the most affluent neighbourhoods (P= 0·04). Qualitative data identified three themes. First, many adolescents drink energy drinks because of their friends and because the unbranded drinks are cheap. Second, energy drink consumption clusters with other unhealthy eating behaviours and adolescents do not know why energy drinks are unhealthy. Third, adolescents believe voluntary bans in retail outlets and schools do not work.

Conclusions:

This study supports the introduction of age-dependent legal restrictions on the sale of energy drinks which may help curb existing socio-economic disparities in adolescents’ energy drink intake.
Rapid Refreezing of a Marginal Ice Zone Across a Seafloor Distributed Acoustic Sensor
Authors: Baker Michael G. , Abbott Robert E.
Published: December 2022

Seismic instruments such as broadband seismometers and distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) have a demonstrated potential for wide‐scale and continuous in situ monitoring of near‐surface environmental and anthropogenic processes. DAS is attractive for development as a multi‐geophysical observatory due to the prevalence of existing fiber infrastructure in regions with environmental, cultural, or strategic significance. Here we present results from a multi‐seasonal acquisition of DAS data on a seafloor cable in the Beaufort Sea, Alaska. During a November 2021 data collect we captured the rapid transition of ambient noise characteristics from an “ice‐free” state to an “ice‐bound” state. A sea ice formation front was plainly visible on the DAS record and was observed to propagate 20 km seaward over a period of 8 hr. Satellite‐based instrumentation were unable to record this event due to cloud cover, low light conditions, and orbital frequency.
Deccan Traps Volcanism Implicated in the Extinction of Non‐Avian Dinosaurs in Southeastern China
Authors: Ma Mingming , Zhang Wenfang , Zhao Mengting , Qiu Yudan , Cai Hongming , Chen Jiubin , Liu Xiuming
Published: December 2022

The extinction of non‐avian dinosaurs and its cause(s) have been a matter of debate for several decades. Here we measured Hg and its isotopic composition, heavy metals, and magnetic parameter in a terrestrial basin in southeastern China. Hg exhibited anomalies from 66.4 to 65.6 Ma, with near‐zero to positive Δ199Hg values, which reflected the eruption of Deccan Traps (DT) magma. In addition, Hg anomalies coincided with the gradual extinction of non‐avian dinosaurs, thereby consistent with the hypothesis that DT played a key role in the mass extinction. Analysis of paleoclimatic records showed that both the Late Maastrichtian warming event (LMWE) and Dan‐C2 event occurred at the maxima of the 405‐kyr long eccentricity cycle, and the onset of the dinosaur decline was earlier than the LMWE, suggesting that the LMWE played an ancillary role in the mass extinction. The mechanism of how DT caused the mass extinction requires further investigation.
A Spectral Rotary Analysis of Gravity Waves: An Application During One of the SOUTHTRAC Flights
Authors: de la Torre A. , Alexander P. , Marcos T. , Hierro R. , Llamedo P. , Hormaechea J. L. , Preusse P. , Geldenhuys M. , Krasauskas L. , Giez A. , Kaifler B. , Kaifler N. , Rapp M.
Published: December 2022

To understand the main orographic and non‐orographic sources of gravity waves (GWs) over South America during an Experiment (Rapp et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0034.1), we propose the application of a rotational spectral analysis based on methods originally developed for oceanographic studies. This approach is deployed in a complex scenario of large‐amplitude GWs by applying it to reanalysis data. We divide the atmospheric region of interest into two height intervals. The simulations are compared with lidar measurements during one of the flights. From the degree of polarization and the total energy of the GWs, the contribution of the upward and downward wave packets is described as a function of their vertical wavenumbers. At low levels, a larger downward energy flux is observed in a few significant harmonics, suggesting inertial GWs radiated at polar night jet levels, and below, near to a cold front. In contrast, the upward GW energy flux, per unit area, is larger than the downward flux, as expected over mountainous areas. The main sub‐regions of upward GW energy flux are located above Patagonia, the Antarctic Peninsula and only some oceanic sectors. Above the sea, there are alternating sub‐regions dominated by linearly polarized GWs and sectors of downward GWs. At the upper levels, the total available GW energy per unit mass is higher than at the lower levels. Regions with different degrees of polarization are distributed in elongated bands. A satisfactory comparison is made with an analysis based on the phase difference between temperature and vertical wind disturbances.
Increased intrinsic and synaptic excitability of hypothalamic POMC neurons underlies chronic stress-induced behavioral deficits
Authors: Fang Xing , Chen Yuting , Wang Jiangong , Zhang Ziliang , Bai Yu , Denney Kirstyn , Gan Lin , Guo Ming , Weintraub Neal L. , Lei Yun , Lu Xin-Yun
Published: December 2022

Chronic stress exposure induces maladaptive behavioral responses and increases susceptibility to neuropsychiatric conditions. However, specific neuronal populations and circuits that are highly sensitive to stress and trigger maladaptive behavioral responses remain to be identified. Here we investigate the patterns of spontaneous activity of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus following exposure to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 10 days, a stress paradigm used to induce behavioral deficits such as anhedonia and behavioral despair [1, 2]. CUS exposure increased spontaneous firing of POMC neurons in both male and female mice, attributable to reduced GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition and increased intrinsic neuronal excitability. While acute activation of POMC neurons failed to induce behavioral changes in non-stressed mice of both sexes, subacute (3 days) and chronic (10 days) repeated activation of POMC neurons was sufficient to induce anhedonia and behavioral despair in males but not females under non-stress conditions. Acute activation of POMC neurons promoted susceptibility to subthreshold unpredictable stress in both male and female mice. Conversely, acute inhibition of POMC neurons was sufficient to reverse CUS-induced anhedonia and behavioral despair in both sexes. Collectively, these results indicate that chronic stress induces both synaptic and intrinsic plasticity of POMC neurons, leading to neuronal hyperactivity. Our findings suggest that POMC neuron dysfunction drives chronic stress-related behavioral deficits.
Improving weight loss RCTs. Measuring the step weight change from a sustained change in frequency of a particular eating or exercise pattern
Authors: Booth David A. , Laguna-Camacho Antonio
Published: December 2022

The public’s trust in the science of avoiding unhealthy weight depends on a radical reform of the design and execution of weight loss programmes and their clinical trials. This Perspective reiterates the longstanding argument for measuring the effectiveness of each component of an intervention on obesity. Body energy content change results from a difference in rates between input and output. These rates are determined by the frequencies of specific patterns of dietary behaviour, physical activity and thermal comfort, plus the cost of resting metabolism. Since fat-free mass changes alongside fat mass, the amount of change in weight from a change in the frequency of a behaviour pattern comes to an asymptote. That step change in weight per unit of behaviour change is measured by regression from the change in frequency of the behaviour that has been maintained from baseline to follow-up. For hard evidence, weight loss programme participants’ own words must be used to specify behaviour. In RCTs of multiple-component programmes, sequences of the behaviour patterns to be changed are randomised among groups. The resulting evidence on effective slimming practices can be delivered directly into therapeutic services and public health interventions for the culture investigated.
The evolutionary origin of avian facial bristles and the likely role of rictal bristles in feeding ecology
Authors: Delaunay Mariane G. , Brassey Charlotte , Larsen Carl , Lloyd Huw , Grant Robyn A.
Published: December 2022

Facial bristles are one of the least described feather types and have not yet been systematically studied across phylogenetically diverse avian species. Consequently, little is known about their form, function and evolutionary history. Here we address this knowledge gap by characterising the evolution of facial bristles for the first time. We especially focus on rictal bristle presence and their associations with foraging behaviour, diet and habitat preferences in 1022 avian species, representing 91 families in 29 orders. Results reveal that upper rictal, lower rictal and interramal bristles were likely to be present in the most recent common ancestor of this avian phylogeny, whereas narial bristles were likely to be absent. Rictal bristle presence, length and shape varied both within and between avian orders, families and genera. Rictal bristles were gained or lost multiple times throughout evolution, which suggest that the different morphologies observed within species might not be homologous. Phylogenetic relatedness is also not likely to be the only driver of rictal bristle presence and morphology. Rictal bristle presence and length were associated with species-specific ecological traits, especially nocturnality. Our findings suggest that species foraging in low-light conditions are likely to have longer rictal bristles, and that rictal bristles are likely to have evolved in early birds.
The long-term effect of biologics in patients with ulcerative colitis emerging from a large Japanese cohort
Authors: Yokoyama Yuya , Ohta Yuki , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Kato Jun , Arai Ryoko , Koseki Hirotaka , Saito Masaya , Kaneko Tatsuya , Tokunaga Mamoru , Oura Hirotaka , Oike Tsubasa , Imai Yushi , Kanayama Kengo , Akizue Naoki , Kumagai Junichiro , Taida Takashi , Okimoto Kenichiro , Saito Keiko , Ooka Yoshihiko , Matsumura Tomoaki , Nakagawa Tomoo , Arai Makoto , Katsuno Tatsuro , Fukuda Yoshihiro , Kitsukawa Yoshio , Kato Naoya
Published: December 2022

To gain a better understanding of the effects of biologics, we evaluated clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe exacerbations of ulcerative colitis (UC). This retrospective, multicenter study retrieved the entire clinical courses of UC patients who began treatments between 2004 and 2018. All exacerbations and clinical parameters, including treatment details for exacerbations and both remission and re-exacerbation dates, were identified during the observation period. Two different endpoints, the cumulative incidence rates of surgical resection and re-exacerbation, were evaluated separately in moderate to severe exacerbation events. Among 1401 patients, 1626 exacerbation events were determined according to a partial Mayo score (remission: < 2, mild: 2–4, moderate: 5–7, and severe: > 7). During the observation period, as administration rates of biologics increased, both surgical resection and hospitalization rates decreased, for 959 moderate to severe exacerbation events. We confirmed that biologics significantly reduced the cumulative re-exacerbation rate in moderate to severe exacerbation events during the study period compared with suboptimal therapies (a 0.507-fold decreased risk according to COX regression analysis, P < 0.001). However, they had not enough impact in reducing the cumulative incidence rate of surgical resection in moderate to severe exacerbation events that were corticosteroid-refractory or dependent (a 0.878-fold decreased risk according to COX regression analysis, P = 0.606). Biologics may improve remission duration, but these agents had no significant impact in reducing the risk of surgical resection in moderate to severe active UC.
Time-resolved EPR revealed C(sp3)–H activation through a photo-enhanced phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radical
Authors: Liu Xiao-Hui , Yu Hai-Yang , Huang Jia-Ying , Zhou Xian-Tai , Xue Can , Ji Hong-Bing
Published: December 2022

The time-resolved EPR technique under operando photochemical conditions as an efficient strategy to investigate the fast formation of abundant long-lived PINO radicals and their activation of the C(sp3)–H reaction is reported.
Electrochemical synthesis of vicinal azidoacetamides
Authors: Yu Yi , Yuan Yaofeng , Ye Ke-Yin
Published: December 2022

An environmentally friendly and efficient electrochemical approach for the preparation of vicinal azidoacetamides has been reported.
Engineering crystal water in potassium ammonium vanadate for fast Zn-ion storage
Authors: Xue Rui , Jiang Guoquan , Yang Zhaoming , Yang Hengming , Chen Qingchun , Feng Wen , Qiu Nan , Wang Yuan
Published: December 2022

A facile approach for high power density zinc ion battery cathodes was demonstrated. This crystalline-water controlled cathode shows excellent rate performance (344 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1) and a high power density of 6460 W kg−1 for zinc ion storage.
Two Cu(i) coordination polymers based on a new benzimidazolyl-tetrazolyl heterotopic ligand for visible-light-driven photocatalytic dye degradation
Authors: Tang Ping , Xie Xue-Xian , Huang Zi-Yuan , Kuang Zhi-Yang , Cai Song-Liang , Zhang Wei-Guang , Zheng Sheng-Run
Published: December 2022

Two Cu(i) CPs based on a new heterotopic tripodal ligand were constructed and their visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance were studied.
Cross-sectional analysis of lithium ion electrodes using spatial autocorrelation techniques
Authors: Lain Michael J. , Apachitei Geanina , Román-Ramírez Luis , Copley Mark , Marco James
Published: December 2022

Spatial autocorrelation techniques allow quantified analysis of the distribution of the binder and carbon components in lithium ion electrodes.
Thermoelectric properties and lattice dynamics of tetragonal topological semimetal Ba3Si4
Authors: Viennois Romain , Koza Michael Marek , Moll Adrien , Beaudhuin Mickael
Published: December 2022

The rather large Seebeck coefficient and low energy optical mode make topological semimetal Ba3Si4 promising for thermoelectric applications.
Effects of oxygen pressure on the morphology and surface energetics of β-PbO2: insight from DFT calculations
Authors: Ananchuensook Aroon , Wongchoosuk Chatchawal , T-Thienprasert Jiraroj , Boonchun Adisak , Jungthawan Sirichok , Reunchan Pakpoom
Published: December 2022

Density-functional calculations reveal thermodynamic stability and equilibrium crystal shape of β-PbO2 under various growth conditions.
Metal-free construction of aminated isoquinoline frameworks from 2-(2-oxo-2-arylethyl) benzonitrile in an aqueous medium
Authors: Sharma Himanshi , Kumar Manoj , Sethi Aaftaab , Poonam  , Rathi Brijesh
Published: December 2022

Herein, we report a metal/additive-free protocol for the activation of nitrile towards nucleophilic addition and subsequent annulation under an aqueous medium for the first time.
A high-temperature sintered cassiterite reference material for in situ determination of Sn isotope ratios
Authors: Zhang Duo , Bao Zhian , Liu Peng , Brügmann Gerhard , Yang Wenqiang , Chen Kaiyun , Liang Peng , Yuan Honglin
Published: December 2022

This study proposes a new synthesized protocol for cassiterite reference material for in situ Sn isotope measurement using fsLA-MC-ICP-MS.
A wearable, minimally-invasive, fully electrochemically-controlled feedback minisystem for diabetes management
Authors: Liu Yiqun , Yu Qi , Ye Le , Yang Li , Cui Yue
Published: December 2022

We demonstrate a wearable, minimally invasive, fully electrochemically controlled feedback microsystem for the intelligent management of diabetes, where both the sensor and pump in the feedback system work based on electrochemical reactions.
Review of different series of MOF/g-C3N4 composites for photocatalytic hydrogen production and CO2 reduction
Authors: Jiang Jing-Jing , Zhang Feng-Jun , Wang Ying-Rui
Published: December 2022

This review focuses on the application of g-C3N4 combined with ZIF series, MIL series, UIO series and other MOF materials in photocatalytic hydrogen production and carbon dioxide reduction, and summarizes the resulting photocatalytic performance of the various composites.
Carbon dioxide uptake by [Cu(bpca)]+: synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of {[Na(H2O)2][Cu2(bpca)2(CO3)(HCO3)]}n [Hbpca = bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)amide]
Authors: da Silva Rafaela M. R. , Rosa Iara M. L. , Oliveira Willian X. C. , Alves Odivaldo C. , Santos Evelyn C. S. , Garcia Flávio , Silva Junior Henrique C. , Ferreira Glaucio B. , Guedes Guilherme P. , do Pim Walace D. , Julve Miguel , Marinho Maria Vanda
Published: December 2022

Carbon dioxide fixation by [Cu(bpca)(H2O)]2+ resulted in a chain having CO32− and HCO3− as ligands that shows a weak intrachain ferromagnetic interaction.
A ‘double locked’ ratiometric fluorescent probe for detection of cysteine in a viscous system and its application in cancer cells
Authors: Samanta Sandip Kumar , Maiti Kalipada , Halder Satyajit , Guria Uday Narayan , Mandal Debasish , Jana Kuladip , Mahapatra Ajit Kumar
Published: December 2022

Herein, a 6-[4-(2-benzothiazol-2-yl-2-cyano-vinyl)-phenyl]-naphthalen-2-yl ester (ABN) was prepared as a typical molecular rotor for detection of Cys in highly viscous media via a TICT ‘on–off’ process.
Synthetic application of chalcogenonium salts: beyond sulfonium
Authors: Bastidas Ángel Alix Y. , Campos Philipe Raphael O. , Alberto Eduardo E.
Published: December 2022

Selenonium and telluronium salts are useful reagents in organic transformations. Their application and comparisons with sulfonium analogues are presented herein.
Integration of capillaric strain sensors toward recognition of human movements
Authors: Gasvoda Hudson , Cmager Nick , Altay Rana , Lee Ju Young , Araci I. Emre
Published: December 2022

Skin-strain-field is used as a fingerprint of the human movement to guide the design of an integrated strain sensor for digital human motion recognition.
Investigation of Vocal Bifurcations and Voice Patterns Induced by Asymmetry of Pathological Vocal Folds
Authors: Ikuma Takeshi , McWhorter Andrew J. , Adkins Lacey , Kunduk Melda
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

Vocal fold asymmetry creates irregular entrainments and modulations in voice, which may lead to rough perceptual quality. The presence of asymmetry can also cause mid-phonation bifurcations where a small change in the phonatory system causes a drastic change in vibration pattern, resulting in transitions in and out of rough voice. This study surveys sustained phonation recordings of speakers with the diagnoses of vocal fold polyp or unilateral vocal fold paralysis to investigate the resulting voice patterns.

Method:

This retrospective study observed 71 sustained phonation recordings from 48 patients. Segments with distinctive signal patterns were identified within each recording with narrowband spectrogram and computer-assisted analysis of spectral peaks.

Results:

Phonation segmentation yielded 240 segments across all the recordings. Five voice patterns were recognized: (regularly or irregularly) entrained, modulated, uncoupled, unstable, and pulsed. Thirty-six patients (75%) exhibited irregular patterns. No single irregular pattern lasted for the entire phonation and was always accompanied by at least one mid-phonation bifurcation. Durations of the irregular segments (
M
= 0.4 s) were significantly shorter than the segments with the regular pattern (
M
= 1.4 s).

Conclusions:

The results suggest that vocal fold pathology frequently introduces dynamic vibratory patterns that affect both the acoustic signals and perceptions. Due to these abnormalities, it is important for clinical voice assessment protocols, both perceptual and acoustic, to account for these possible bifurcations, irregular signal patterns, and their tendencies.
Spatial field reconstruction with INLA
Authors: Smole Majda , Rino-Silvestre João , González-Gaitán Santiago , Stalevski Marko
Published: December 2022

Aims. Monte Carlo radiative transfer (MCRT) simulations are a powerful tool for understanding the role of dust in astrophysical systems and its influence on observations. However, due to the strong coupling of the radiation field and medium across the whole computational domain, the problem is non-local and non-linear, and such simulations are computationally expensive in the case of realistic 3D inhomogeneous dust distributions. We explore a novel technique for post-processing MCRT output to reduce the total computational run time by enhancing the output of computationally less expensive simulations of lower-quality.

Methods. We combined principal component analysis (PCA) and non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) as dimensionality reduction techniques together with Gaussian Markov random fields and the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA), an approximate method for Bayesian inference, to detect and reconstruct the non-random spatial structure in the images of lower signal-to-noise ratios or with missing data.

Results. We tested our methodology using synthetic observations of a galaxy from the SKIRT Auriga project - a suite of high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic Milky Way-sized galaxies simulated in cosmological environment using a ‘zoom-in' technique. With this approach, we are able to reproduce high-photon-number reference images ~5 times faster with median residuals below ~20%.
Repeating tidal disruptions in GSN 069: Long-term evolution and constraints on quasi-periodic eruptions’ models
Authors: Miniutti G. , Giustini M. , Arcodia R. , Saxton R. D. , Read A. M. , Bianchi S. , Alexander K. D.
Published: December 2022

Context. GSN 069 is the first galactic nucleus where quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) have been identified in December 2018. These are high-amplitude, soft X-ray bursts recurring every ∼9 h, lasting ∼1 h, and during which the X-ray count rate increases by up to two orders of magnitude with respect to an otherwise stable quiescent level. The X-ray spectral properties and the long-term evolution of GSN 069 in the first few years since its first X-ray detection in 2010 are consistent with a long-lived tidal disruption event (TDE).

Aims. We aim to derive the properties of QPEs and of the long-term X-ray evolution in GSN 069 over the past 12 yr.

Methods. We analyse timing and spectral X-ray data from 11 XMM-Newton, one Chandra, and 34 Swift observations of GSN 069 on timescales ranging from minutes to years.

Results. QPEs in GSN 069 are a transient phenomenon with a lifetime of ≳1.05 yr. The QPE intensity and recurrence time oscillate and allow for alternating strong-weak QPEs and long-short recurrence times to be defined. In observations with QPEs, the quiescent level exhibits a quasi-periodic oscillation with a period equal to the average separation between consecutive QPEs. The QPE spectral evolution is consistent with thermal emission from a very compact region that heats up quickly and subsequently cools down via X-ray emission while expanding by a factor of ∼3 in radius. The long-term evolution of the quiescent level is characterised by two repeating TDEs ∼9 yr apart. We detect a precursor X-ray flare prior to the second TDE that may be associated with the circularisation phase during disc formation. A similar precursor flare is tentatively detected just before the first TDE.

Conclusions. We provide a comprehensive summary of observational results that can be used to inform further theoretical and numerical studies on the origin of QPEs in GSN 069 and we discuss our results in terms of currently proposed QPE models. Future X-ray observations of GSN 069 promise that the QPE origin and the relation between QPEs and repeating TDEs in this galactic nucleus will be constrained, with consequences for the other sources where QPEs have been identified.
CONCERTO: Simulating the CO, [CII], and [CI] line emission of galaxies in a 117 deg2 field and the impact of field-to-field variance
Authors: Gkogkou A. , Béthermin M. , Lagache G. , Van Cuyck M. , Jullo E. , Aravena M. , Beelen A. , Benoit A. , Bounmy J. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , Cora S. , Croton D. , de la Torre S. , Fasano A. , Ferrara A. , Goupy J. , Hoarau C. , Hu W. , Ishiyama T. , Knudsen K. K. , Lambert J.-C. , Macías-Pérez J. F. , Marpaud J. , Mellema G. , Monfardini A. , Pallottini A. , Ponthieu N. , Prada F. , Roehlly Y. , Vallini L. , Walter F.
Published: December 2022

In the submillimeter regime, spectral line scans and line intensity mapping (LIM) are new promising probes for the cold gas content and star formation rate of galaxies across cosmic time. However, both of these two measurements suffer from field-to-field variance. We study the effect of field-to-field variance on the predicted CO and [CII] power spectra from future LIM experiments such as CONCERTO, as well as on the line luminosity functions (LFs) and the cosmic molecular gas mass density that are currently derived from spectral line scans. We combined a 117 deg2 dark matter lightcone from the Uchuu cosmological simulation with the simulated infrared dusty extragalactic sky (SIDES) approach. The clustering of the dusty galaxies in the SIDES-Uchuu product is validated by reproducing the cosmic infrared background anisotropies measured by Herschel and Planck. We find that in order to constrain the CO LF with an uncertainty below 20%, we need survey sizes of at least 0.1 deg2. Furthermore, accounting for the field-to-field variance using only the Poisson variance can underestimate the total variance by up to 80%. The lower the luminosity is and the larger the survey size is, the higher the level of underestimate. At z < 3, the impact of field-to-field variance on the cosmic molecular gas density can be as high as 40% for the 4.6 arcmin2 field, but drops below 10% for areas larger than 0.2 deg2. However, at z > 3 the variance decreases more slowly with survey size and for example drops below 10% for 1 deg2 fields. Finally, we find that the CO and [CII] LIM power spectra can vary by up to 50% in 1 deg2 fields. This limits the accuracy of the constraints provided by the first 1 deg2 surveys. In addition the level of the shot noise power is always dominated by the sources that are just below the detection thresholds, which limits its potential for deriving number densities of faint [CII] emitters. We provide an analytical formula to estimate the field-to-field variance of current or future LIM experiments given their observed frequency and survey size. The underlying code to derive the field-to-field variance and the full SIDES-Uchuu products (catalogs, cubes, and maps) are publicly available.
Difficultés et pistes de solutions pour l’enseignement médical à distance au cours de la pandémie Covid-19 dans un pays en voie de développement
Authors: Chakiri Radia , Wakrim Soukaina
Published: December 2022

Contexte et problématique : Conformément aux mesures prises par le gouvernement marocain face à la crise sanitaire liée au coronavirus, toutes les écoles et les facultés ont fermé leurs locaux. Face à cette situation inédite, les équipes pédagogiques se sont mobilisées pour adapter les méthodes et le calendrier des enseignements, en mettant en place des dispositifs d’enseignement à distance de tous les cours théoriques. Analyse : À partir de cette expérience, nous avons fait l’inventaire des différents défis et contraintes vécus par les enseignants et les apprenants et nous proposons quelques pistes de solutions pour y faire face, dans le contexte d’un pays en développement.
The association between ureteral wall thickness and need for additional procedures after primary ureteroscopy in patients with ureteral stones above the iliac crest
Authors: Bulbul Emre , Tutar Onur , Gultekin Mehmet Hamza , Ilki Yavuz , Citgez Sinharib , Onal Bulent
Published: December 2022

Purpose To examine the parameters affecting the need for additional procedures in the primary ureteroscopy treatment in patients with ureteral stones above the iliac crest level.

Methods Seventy-one patients were included in the study who were ≥ 18
years old and had undergone ureteroscopy (URS) for ureteral stones above the iliac crest level
between 2018–2020 and had a non-contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography before the
procedures were included in the study. Patients and stone characteristics were prospectively
collected. The results were evaluated six weeks after URS. The absence of any residual
fragment was thought to indicate stone-free status. The patients with failure were referred
for the additional procedures.

Results The median patient age was 51 years [interquartile range
(IQR): 18–66]. The median transverse stone diameter was 9.5 mm (IQR: 7.1–11.4), and the median
ureteral wall thickness (UWT) was 5.8 mm (IQR: 4.3–6.5). In the univariate analysis, UWT
(p < 0.001), presence of multiple stones (p = 0.008), and stone length (p = 0.022) affected
stone-free status. The multivariate analysis revealed UWT as the only independent factor
affecting the need for additional procedures after URS (p = 0.028). In the receiver operating
characteristic curve analysis, the best threshold value for UWT according to the outcomes was
identified as 5.8 mm.

Conclusion Ureteral wall thickness was the only independent parameter determining the need for additional procedures and affecting the treatment outcomes after the URS procedure.
Videoassistierte Thorakoskopie (VATS) beim Thoraxtrauma
Authors: Schreyer Christof , Eckermann Christoph , Neudecker Jens , Becker Lars , Schulz-Drost Stefan
Published: December 2022

Seit Anfang der 90er-Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts wird die videoassistierte Thorakoskopie (VATS) in zunehmendem Maße für eine Vielzahl von Indikationen in der Behandlung des Thoraxtraumas
eingesetzt. In dieser Zeit hat sich die Prämisse für den Einsatz der Thorakoskopie nicht geändert. Ihr Einsatz wird durchgehend nur für respiratorisch und kreislaufstabile Patient*innen mit
einem Thoraxtrauma empfohlen. Um die Indikationen der VATS für den Einsatz beim Thoraxtrauma zu definieren, hat die Unter-AG Lungenverletzung als Teil der interdisziplinären AG Thoraxtrauma
der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU) Behandlungsempfehlungen auf der Basis einer aktuellen Literaturrecherche
(angelehnt an die PRISMA-Checkliste/hier: MEDLINE via PubMed von 1993 bis 2022) erarbeitet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden nach Sichtung der recherchierten Literatur die Indikationen für
die VATS in der Versorgung des Thoraxtraumas identifiziert, um klinische Anwendungsempfehlungen für den Einsatz der VATS beim Thoraxtrauma zu formulieren. Nach der Analyse von 1679
gefundenen Literaturhinweisen verblieben insgesamt 4 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCTs), 4 klinische Studien sowie 5 Metaanalysen oder systematische Reviews und 39 Reviews, die
aufgrund der geringen Evidenz der vorliegenden Literatur keinen höheren Empfehlungsgrad als konsensuelle Empfehlungen erlauben. In den letzten 30 Jahren haben sich die
Stabilisierungsmöglichkeiten in der Versorgung von Traumapatient*innen deutlich verbessert, sodass die Indikationen zum Einsatz der VATS zunehmend erweitert werden konnten. Auch die seit
mehr als 50 Jahren bestehende Empfehlung, Traumapatient*innen bei einem initialen Blutverlust ≥ 1500 ml über die liegende Thoraxdrainage oder bei einem fortwährenden Blutverlust ≥ 250 ml/h
über 4 h zu thorakotomieren, hat sich mit den heutzutage besseren Stabilisierungsmaßnahmen relativiert. Für instabile/nicht stabilisierbare Patient*innen mit einer notfallmäßig zu
versorgenden Thoraxverletzung ist die Thorakotomie weiterhin die Methode der Wahl, während die VATS in der Diagnostik und Therapie stabiler Patient*innen mit einem penetrierenden oder
stumpfen Thoraxtrauma für eine Vielzahl von Indikationen empfohlen wird. Indikationen für die VATS sind der persistierende Hämatothorax, die Sanierung von Verletzungen und Blutungen an
Lunge, Zwerchfell, Thoraxwand und anderen Organverletzungen sowie in der Sekundärphase die Therapie der thorakalen Verletzungsfolgen (Empyem, persistierende pulmonale Fistelung, infizierte
Atelektase etc.).
Update Mammakarzinom 2022 Teil 3 – Brustkrebs in frühen Krankheitsstadien
Authors: Fehm Tanja N. , Welslau Manfred , Müller Volkmar , Lüftner Diana , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Janni Wolfgang , Thomssen Christoph , Witzel Isabell , Belleville Erik , Untch Michael , Thill Marc , Tesch Hans , Ditsch Nina , Lux Michael P. , Aktas Bahriye , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Schneeweiss Andreas , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Wöckel Achim , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Harbeck Nadia , Stickeler Elmar
Published: December 2022

In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden neueste Entwicklungen in der Prävention von Brustkrebs und Behandlung von Patientinnen mit frühen Krankheitsstadien mit Mammakarzinom zusammengefasst. Die Ermittlung von individuellen Erkrankungsrisiken nach molekularen Subtypen wurde in einer großen epidemiologischen Studie untersucht. Im Bereich der Behandlung gibt es neue Daten zur Langzeitnachbeobachtung der Aphinity-Studie ebenso wie neue Daten zur neoadjuvanten Therapie von HER2-positiven Patientinnen mit Atezolizumab. Biomarker wie Residual Cancer Burden wurden im Zusammenhang mit einer Pembrolizumab-Therapie untersucht. Eine Untersuchung des Genomic-Grade-Indexes bei älteren Patientinnen reiht sich ein in die Gruppe von Studien, die versucht, durch moderne Multigentests Patientinnen zu identifizieren, bei denen eine Chemotherapie vermieden werden kann, weil diese eine exzellente Prognose haben. Diese und weitere Aspekte der neuesten Entwicklungen bei der Diagnostik und Therapie des Mammakarzinoms werden in dieser Übersichtsarbeit beschrieben.
Okkulter und residueller Hämatothorax nach Thoraxtrauma – Empfehlungen der interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe Thoraxtrauma der Sektion NIS der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Unfallchirurgie (DGU) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT)
Authors: Krämer Sebastian , Graeff Pascal , Lindner Sebastian , Walles Thorsten , Becker Lars
Published: December 2022

Der Versorgung okkulter und residueller Hämatothoraces (synonym retinierte/residuale Hämothoraces) stellt für die an der Polytraumaversorgung Beteiligten sowohl in Aspekten der Diagnostik
als auch der Therapie eine wiederkehrende Herausforderung dar. Diese ergibt sich selten aus einer unmittelbaren Notfallsituation, sondern vielmehr daraus, wie mögliche Folgeerscheinungen
eines Pleuraempyems und einer fixierten Lunge vermieden werden können. Die interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT) und Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Unfallchirurgie (DGU) zur Thoraxtraumaversorgung unterstützt die Ausarbeitung einer Empfehlung basierend auf einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Benzothiophene-Containing Lipoxin A4 Analogues with Lower-Chain Modifications
Authors: Guiry Patrick J. , Tighe Catherine , Owen Benjamin
Published: December 2022

Lipoxins are an important class of pro-resolving mediators that play a crucial role in the resolution of inflammation. Thus, the synthesis of more metabolically stable synthetic lipoxin analogues is an area of significant interest. Herein the asymmetric synthesis of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) mimetics is reported in which the triene core of the molecule has been replaced by an aromatic sulfur-containing benzothiophene ring. The key steps in the synthesis included a Friedel–Crafts acylation, a Suzuki coupling between two upper and lower chain fragments, and a highly stereoselective Noyori transfer hydrogenation to set the stereochemistry of the alcohol at the benzylic position. A small library of benzothiophene-containing LXA4 analogues with further structural modifications was also successfully synthesised. These included analogues with phenoxy, p-fluorophenoxy, and p-trifluoromethylphenoxy substituents incorporated into the lower alkyl chain with the objective of providing enhanced metabolic stability by blocking ω-oxidation pathways.
Control over Stereogenic N–N Axes by Pd-Catalyzed 5-endo-Hydroaminocyclizations
Authors: Sparr Christof , Hutskalova Valeriia
Published: December 2022

A novel approach for the stereoselective construction of N–N atropisomeric compounds by a Pd-catalyzed 5-endo-hydroaminocyclization is described herein. A broad range of bisheterocycles , connected by a configurationally stable N–N stereogenic axis, were prepared with catalyst control in enantioenriched form.
Age-Related Neurodevelopmental Features in Children with Joubert Syndrome
Authors: Scuderi Anna , Prato Adriana , Dicanio Daniela , Spoto Giulia , Salpietro Vincenzo , Ceravolo Giorgia , Granata Francesca , Farello Giovanni , Iapadre Giulia , Zagaroli Luca , Nanni Giuliana , Ceravolo Ida , Pironti Erica , Amore Greta , Rosa Gabriella Di
Published: December 2022

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare inherited disorder of central nervous system with neonatal/infantile onset, mainly affecting cerebellum and brainstem, and clinically characterized by agenesis or dysgenesis of the cerebellar vermis with accompanying brainstem malformations. More than 20 disease-causing genes have been associated with JS but a clear genotype–phenotype correlation has not been assessed yet. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by detection of the JS neuroradiological hallmark, the molar tooth sign. Patients with JS typically present with neurological manifestations, moreover, a heterogeneous spectrum of multisystemic anomalies may be observed. Signs and symptoms onset varies according to the age range and clinical diagnosis might become complicated. Moreover, specific neurodevelopmental disorders can be associated with JS such as autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit with hyperactivity, and a wide range of behavioral disturbances. Here, we examined the main neurological and neurodevelopmental features of JS according to an age-dependent mode of presentation. Furthermore, differential diagnosis with other neurological syndromes was closely reviewed.
High sensitivity detection of nanoparticles permeation through polymer membranes: A physico-chemical and nuclear imaging measurement approach
Authors: Omar Mahmoud Mohamed , Kiseleva Mariia , Laprise-Pelletier Myriam , Auge Amelie , Tuduri Ludovic , Fortin Marc-André
Published: December 2022

Diffusion cells are devices made of donor and acceptor compartments (DC and AC), separated by a membrane. They are widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, toxicology, and protective equipment tests (e.g., gloves) to measure the kinetics of permeants (molecules and nanoparticles) across biological membranes as the skin. However, rarely is the concentration of permeants in the AC measured in continuous or in real-time, and this limitation leads to significant discrepancies in the calculations of kinetic parameters that define the permeation mechanisms. In this study, a diffusion cell compatible with positron emission tomography was used to measure the permeation kinetics of nanoparticles across glove membranes. The technology allows for the measurement of nanoparticle concentration in real-time in the two compartments (DC and AC) and at a detection sensitivity several orders of magnitude higher compared with conventional spectroscopies, thus allowing a much more precise extraction of kinetic parameters. Ultra-small (<10 nm) gold nanoparticles were used as a model nanoparticle contaminant. They were radiolabeled, and their diffusion kinetics was measured in continuous through latex and nitrile polymer membranes. Permeation profiles were recorded at sub-nanomolar sensitivity and in real-time, thus allowing the high precision extraction of kinetic permeation parameters. The technology, methodology, and data extraction process developed in this work could be applied to measure in real-time the kinetics of diffusion of a whole range of potentially toxic molecules and nanoparticles across polymer membranes, including glove membranes.
Observation of the diocotron instability in a diode with split cathode
Authors: Bliokh Y. , Krasik Ya. E. , Leopold J. G. , Schamiloglu E.
Published: December 2022

Diocotron instability has been observed in the pure electron plasma formed in a split cathode coaxial diode. This plasma consists of electrons, trapped in the longitudinal potential well between the two parts of the cathode. The mathematical model of the electron squeezed state, which allows the calculation of the equilibrium plasma density, is presented. The model is applied in a comprehensive analysis of experimental data, and the presence of the diocotron instability is unambiguously confirmed.
Structural relaxation, dynamical arrest, and aging in soft-sphere liquids
Authors: Mendoza-Méndez P. , Peredo-Ortiz R. , Lázaro-Lázaro E. , Chávez-Paez M. , Ruiz-Estrada H. , Pacheco-Vázquez F. , Medina-Noyola M. , Elizondo-Aguilera L. F.
Published: December 2022

We investigate the structural relaxation of a soft-sphere liquid quenched isochorically (ϕ = 0.7) and instantaneously to different temperatures Tf above and below the glass transition. For this, we combine extensive Brownian dynamics simulations and theoretical calculations based on the non-equilibrium self-consistent generalized Langevin equation (NE-SCGLE) theory. The response of the liquid to a quench generally consists of a sub-linear increase of the α-relaxation time with system’s age. Approaching the ideal glass-transition temperature from above (Tf > Ta), sub-aging appears as a transient process describing a broad equilibration crossover for quenches to nearly arrested states. This allows us to empirically determine an equilibration timescale teq(Tf) that becomes increasingly longer as Tf approaches Ta. For quenches inside the glass (Tf ≤ Ta), the growth rate of the structural relaxation time becomes progressively larger as Tf decreases and, unlike the equilibration scenario, τα remains evolving within the whole observation time-window. These features are consistently found in theory and simulations with remarkable semi-quantitative agreement and coincide with those revealed in a previous and complementary study [P. Mendoza-Méndez et al., Phys. Rev. 96, 022608 (2017)] that considered a sequence of quenches with fixed final temperature Tf = 0 but increasing ϕ toward the hard-sphere dynamical arrest volume fraction ϕHSa=0.582. The NE-SCGLE analysis, however, unveils various fundamental aspects of the glass transition, involving the abrupt passage from the ordinary equilibration scenario to the persistent aging effects that are characteristic of glass-forming liquids. The theory also explains that, within the time window of any experimental observation, this can only be observed as a continuous crossover.
Boundary vorticity dynamics of two-phase viscous flow
Authors: Chen Tao , Liu Tianshu
Published: December 2022

From the Navier–Stokes–Korteweg equations, the exact relations between the fundamental surface physical quantities for the two-phase viscous flow with the diffuse interface are derived, including density gradient, shear stress, vorticity, pressure, enstrophy flux, and surface curvature. These theoretical results provide a solid foundation of the boundary/interfacial vorticity dynamics and a new tool for the analysis of complex interfacial phenomena in two-phase viscous flows. To demonstrate the application of the developed results, simulation of a droplet impacting and spreading on a solid wall is conducted by using a recently developed well-balanced discrete unified gas kinetic scheme, focusing on the spreading process when the separation bubbles form inside the droplet. The distributions of shear stress, pressure, and enstrophy flux at the interface and the wall are analyzed, particularly near the moving contact points and other characteristic points. This example gives an unique perspective to the physics of droplet impingement on a wall.