bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baseline Vitamin D Levels on Quality of Life and Pain Perception Among Patients with Chronic Pain with Long-Term Prescription Opioid Use: A Prospective Study
Authors: Laubner Sakalauskienė Gabija , Stražnickaitė Indrė , Miškinytė Sigutė , Zdanavičius Linas , Šipylaitė Jūratė , Badaras Robertas
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between baseline serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and quality of life (QoL), as well as pain perception in patients with chronic pain with long-term prescription opioid usage before opioid detoxification. Methods: We prospectively studied 45 patients with chronic pain with long-term prescription opioid usage who were selected for elective detoxification. Baseline serum 25-OHD levels were measured prior to detoxification, classifying patients as either vitamin D deficient (<75 nmol/L) or sufficient (≥75 nmol/L). QoL was assessed using the SF-36v2TM questionnaire, while pain levels were assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores before treatment. Results: Mean pain scores before detoxification of the patients with sufficient baseline 25-OHD levels vs. those with deficient levels were, respectively, 6.06 ± 2.32 vs. 6.86 ± 2.10 (normalized scores 1.22 ± 0.571 vs. 0.950 ± 0.632; p = 0.164). The analysis of SF-36v2™ questionnaire scores revealed minimal variation between groups (35.00 ± 14.198 vs. 34.97 ± 13.52), indicating no significant association between Vitamin D levels and QoL (p = 0.913). Conclusions: The analysis of baseline 25-OHD levels in relation to QoL assessments and pain scores did not reveal a statistically significant association, indicating that variations in baseline vitamin D levels may not substantially impact QoL or pain perception. Further studies may help determine how to assess and optimize vitamin D levels in patients with chronic pain on long-term prescription opioids.
Are We Ready for Pseudotumors in Total Ankle Arthroplasty? A Case Report
Authors: Sgubbi Federico , Mazzotti Antonio , Arceri Alberto , Zielli Simone Ottavio , Artioli Elena , Langone Laura , Gambarotti Marco , Faldini Cesare
Published: January 2025

Background: Pseudotumors are defined as exuberant non-neoplastic inflammatory masses. This condition can be associated with hip and knee arthroplasty but has not been reported in Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA). This paper reports a pseudotumor that formed following TAA, highlighting its clinical presentation, management, and histopathology. Methods: A 55-year-old male with end-stage post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis underwent TAA using a mobile-bearing prosthesis. The procedure was reported to be successful, with no immediate complications. Results: Three years postoperatively, following a period of symptom resolution, the patient presented with progressively worsening ankle pain, swelling, and limited weight-bearing ability. Imaging revealed indirect signs of a periarticular mass and loosening components. Revision surgery involved prosthesis explantation and mass excision for histological and microbiological analysis, followed by concomitant tibio-talo-calcaneal fusion with a retrograde nail. The histopathology identified a pseudotumor characterized by chronic inflammation, fibrous tissue, and necrotic debris, with no evidence of infection. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, with pain resolution and successful fusion confirmed at a one-year follow-up. Conclusions: In patients experiencing unexplained pain or symptoms following TAA, the possibility of a pseudotumor, although rare, should be considered. Prompt and comprehensive clinical and radiographic evaluation is crucial to raise suspicion and prevent this condition from being overlooked.
High Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Risk as a Predictor of Postoperative Complications and Early Mortality in Older Adult Patients Undergoing Pancreatoduodenectomy for Periampullary Malignancies
Authors: Wang Ming-Hung , Chen Chien-Yu , Lin Yu-Hung , Liu Yueh-Wei , Liu Yu-Yin , Li Wei-Feng , Lin Chang-Ting , Huang Szu-Wei , Yeh Cheng-Hsi , Yin Shih-Min
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a major surgery associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in older adult patients. Malnutrition is a common complication in these patients and is linked to poorer outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the associations between preoperative nutritional status using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and postoperative outcomes in older adult patients who underwent PD. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 363 older adult patients who underwent PD. The preoperative GNRI was calculated based on serum albumin levels and body mass index. GNRI ≤ 82, GNRI 83 to ≤98, and GNRI > 98 were classified as severely malnourished, moderately/mildly malnourished, and no malnourishment, respectively. Perioperative data, including demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative complications, were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the associations between the GNRI and outcomes such as length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and overall survival. Results: Patients with a higher GNRI were more likely to experience Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ 3b postoperative complications (42.1% vs. 22.0% vs. 14.1%; p = 0.027) and pulmonary complications (26.3% vs. 11.9% vs. 4.2%; p = 0.016). These patients also stayed at the hospital for a longer duration (17.0% vs. 16.0% vs. 11.0%; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the GNRI was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes, even after adjusting for other confounding factors. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of preoperative nutritional assessment in older adult patients undergoing PD. Patients with low GNRI scores are at increased risk of postoperative complications and prolonged recovery. These results underscore the need for targeted nutritional interventions and regular monitoring of these patients. Future studies should focus on interventions to improve nutritional status in older adult patients undergoing PD.
Screening for Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Insights and Implications
Authors: Deniz Muhammed Furkan , Guven Baris , Ebeoglu Abdullah Omer , Gul Omer Burak , Nayir Ali , Ozkan Pelinsu , Bulat Zubeyir , Turk Ibrahim , Demirelce Ozlem , Kimyonok Husamettin Alper , Deniz Habibe , Ersanli Murat Kazım , Oktay Veysel , Konukoglu Dildar , Sinan Umit Yasar
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic dyslipidemia that leads to early cardiovascular events. Subclinical atherosclerosis refers to the formation of atheromatous plaques in arterial beds before any clinical events. In our study, we investigated the presence, extent, and independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis among patients diagnosed with FH. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, and cross-sectional study. This original study included 215 patients diagnosed with FH from a cohort of 1145 individuals assessed according to the Dutch Lipid Clinical Network (DLCN) criteria. Carotid and femoral ultrasonography were performed, and the coronary artery calcium score was measured to screen for subclinical atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a) were analyzed using the nephelometric method. Results: The study cohort comprised 136 females (63%) with a mean age of 54 (43–62) years. The stigmata rate was 18%. The rate of statin use during subclinical atherosclerosis screening was 32% and only eight patients (4%) attained LDL-C values < 70 mg/dL. Subclinical atherosclerosis was observed in 148 patients (69%), with rates of 48%, 47.5%, and 40.5% in the coronary arteries, carotid bifurcation, and femoral bifurcation, respectively. Advanced age, male sex, high pretreatment low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level, diabetes, and a low Apo A-I/Apo B ratio were identified as independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis. Lp(a) levels ≥ 30 mg/dL predicted coronary atherosclerosis, while diabetes and low Apo A-I/Apo B ratios predicted carotid atherosclerosis, and smoking predicted femoral atherosclerosis. Conclusions: Subclinical atherosclerosis is prevalent, and medication adherence remains suboptimal among FH patients. Screening for subclinical atherosclerosis may impact the treatment strategies, via an increase in physician commitment to treatment protocols and improving patient compliance.
Safety and Outcomes of Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Miller Asaf , Noy Roee , Simchon Omri , Gvozdev Natalia , Shkedy Yotam , Epstein Danny
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Patients with hematologic malignancy (HM) often experience high rates of thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy, anemia, leukopenia, and coagulopathy, which can significantly increase the risk of procedural and postoperative complications. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) in critically ill patients with HM. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with HM who underwent PDT between 2012 and 2023 at a tertiary academic center. The primary outcome was early (7-day) bleeding complications rate. Secondary outcomes included PDT-related mortality, and mortality at 1 week, 30 days, and 1 year. Analyses were performed using a propensity-matched cohort to ensure balanced comparisons between groups. Results: Of the 1627 patients included in the analysis, 65 (4%) had HM. Patients with HM had a significantly higher Charlson comorbidity index and exhibited significantly higher rates of thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100,000/mcL) compared to those without HM (8.0 [IQR 5.0–11.3] vs. 5.0 [IQR 2.0–7.0], p < 0.001; and 49.2% vs. 5.0%, p < 0.001, respectively). After propensity score matching, the one-week mortality rate was significantly higher in the HM group (23.4% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.007). However, the rates of intraoperative and bleeding complications as well as one-year mortality rates were similar between the groups. Conclusions: PDT can be safely performed in critically ill patients with HM. However, these patients exhibit high early mortality rates following the procedure.
Detecting Malware C&C Communication Traffic Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Kazi Mohamed Ali
Published: January 2025

Banking malware poses a significant threat to users by infecting their computers and then attempting to perform malicious activities such as surreptitiously stealing confidential information from them. Banking malware variants are also continuing to evolve and have been increasing in numbers for many years. Amongst these, the banking malware Zeus and its variants are the most prevalent and widespread banking malware variants discovered. This prevalence was expedited by the fact that the Zeus source code was inadvertently released to the public in 2004, allowing malware developers to reproduce the Zeus banking malware and develop variants of this malware. Examples of these include Ramnit, Citadel, and Zeus Panda. Tools such as anti-malware programs do exist and are able to detect banking malware variants, however, they have limitations. Their reliance on regular updates to incorporate new malware signatures or patterns means that they can only identify known banking malware variants. This constraint inherently restricts their capability to detect novel, previously unseen malware variants. Adding to this challenge is the growing ingenuity of malicious actors who craft malware specifically developed to bypass signature-based anti-malware systems. This paper presents an overview of the Zeus, Zeus Panda, and Ramnit banking malware variants and discusses their communication architecture. Subsequently, a methodology is proposed for detecting banking malware C&C communication traffic, and this methodology is tested using several feature selection algorithms to determine which feature selection algorithm performs the best. These feature selection algorithms are also compared with a manual feature selection approach to determine whether a manual, automated, or hybrid feature selection approach would be more suitable for this type of problem.
Aquaporin 12 Is Expressed in the Stomach and Liver of the Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
Authors: Cutler Christopher P. , Bender Jade , Conner Sarah , Omoregie Esosa
Published: January 2025

The sequence of Aquaporin 12 (AQP12) cDNA was amplified from spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) cDNAs using degenerate PCR, followed by 5′ and 3′ RACE PCR. The AQP12 nucleotide sequence had an open reading frame of 300 amino acids, which included one or more N-glycosylation sites. Degenerate and tissue PCRs revealed that AQP12 is expressed at the highest levels in the liver, followed by the pyloric stomach and the esophagus/cardiac stomach, with a small amount potentially present in the eye. A polyclonal antibody was made using a peptide from the derived amino acid sequence. Western blotting with the antibody showed faint banding around the size expected (33 kDa) by the 300 amino acid protein. A few more intense bands were seen at around 40 kDa and larger sizes. Immunohistochemistry in cardiac stomach tissue sections showed staining in a few sporadic paneth-like secretory cells along the surface of the epithelium. High-magnification imaging showed that the AQP12 staining was located in the membrane of secretory granules in the apical pole of the cells. This localization is reminiscent of the AQP12 localization in pancreatic acinar cells, where it is found in the membrane of zymogen granules containing digestive enzymes.
Lifecycle Risk Assessment for Steel Cargo Vessel Sinkings: An Interpretive Structural Modeling and Fuzzy Bayesian Network Approach
Authors: Jiang Xiaodan , Xu Haibin , Zhu Yaming , Gu Yingxia , Zheng Shiyuan
Published: January 2025

Steel cargo vessel sinking accidents (SCVSA) threaten maritime safety and disrupt global steel supply chains. This study integrates interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and fuzzy Bayesian networks (FBN) to evaluate SCVSA risks across the incident lifecycle. ISM identifies hierarchical relationships among multifaceted risk factors. FBN assesses lifecycle risks using fuzzy scoring, modular nodes, and a hierarchical structure, with muti-source data drawn from accident reports, expert opinions, and research studies. Experts estimate probabilities based on observations and causal scenarios involving steel cargo vessels at Shanghai Port. The ISM–FBN framework visualizes hierarchical risk factors and incorporates uncertainty in the data and causal relationships through fuzzy scoring, structural updates, and probability learning. This approach provides a robust and adaptable tool for assessing SCVSA risks, advancing maritime risk assessment methodologies. Key findings identify advanced vessel age, severe weather and sea conditions, and inadequate regulatory oversight as primary root causes. Poor cargo loading and stowage practices are direct contributors. Intermediate risk factors from deeper to surface layers flow from shipping companies to crew and further to vessel and environmental conditions. Multi-stage risk factors include inadequate emergency responses and improper cargo securing. To mitigate these risks, actionable insights are provided, including fleet modernization, enhanced regulatory compliance, crew training, and improved emergency preparedness.
Tidal Current with Sediment Transport Analysis and Wind Turbine Foundation Pile Scour Trend Studies on the Central Bohai Sea
Authors: Hu Xingtang , Wang Zhifeng , Ma Xin
Published: January 2025

This study addresses the local scour problem of monopile foundations in the central Bohai Sea. This study integrates numerical simulations with experimental validation to conduct an in-depth analysis of the tidal current background, sediment transport, sediment sources, and scour characteristics over the past two decades. The analysis of ocean currents and sediment dynamics revealed that the monthly average tidal current speed in the majority of the study region is below 0.6 m·s−1, with annual seabed erosion and accretion changes within 0.02 m, exhibiting minimal variation. The annual erosion and accretion changes in the wind farm areas are less than 0.01 m. The analysis of local scour around monopile foundations indicates that approximately 80% of the scour occurs during the initial phase. A comparative analysis of collar protection effectiveness indicates that the collar can effectively reduce scour depth by 50%, thereby demonstrating significant protective effects. However, the prevailing trend of scouring remains unaltered, indicating that collar protection has inherent limitations in regulating early-stage scouring. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the design and protection of monopile foundations in the central Bohai Sea and offer a valuable reference point for the scour protection of wind turbine foundations in similar regions.
Diversity and Multigene Phylogeny of the Genus Floccularia (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)
Authors: Ge Zai-Wei , Qu Hua , Saba Malka , Gao Tian , Ryberg Martin
Published: January 2025

Floccularia is known as a northern-hemisphere-distributed genus with important economic values, especially in Western China. However, its species diversity in Asia and the phylogeny of this genus have not been critically studied. Based on worldwide sampling and multi-locus DNA sequence data (ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1), the phylogeny of Floccularia was reconstructed, and the species diversity in Asia was critically studied on the basis of morphology and phylogeny. The results showed that five phylogenetic species can be recognized in this genus, of which there are four species in Asia, two species in North America and one species in Europe. According to our result, in addition to F. luteovirens, three new species, F. asiatica, F. flava and F. sinensis, were distributed in Asia, while in North America, F. pitkinensis and F. fusca could be synonyms of F. albolanaripes, as both species are phylogenetically intermingled within F. albolanaripes. Morphological descriptions of new species, color images of basidiomes, line drawings of their microscopic features, and a key to the Asian species of this genus are provided. Our study reconstructed the phylogeny of Floccularia for the first time and clarified the species diversity of Floccularia in Asia and suggests the need for detailed study of American specimens in order to accurately assess the diversity of Floccularia in America.
Integrated Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal Molecular Mechanism of Response to Heat Shock in Morchella sextelata
Authors: Zhang Jiexiong , Li Yanxia , Mao Yifan , Zhang Yesheng , Zhou Botong , Liu Wei , Wang Wen , Zhang Chen
Published: January 2025

Morels (Morchella spp.), as one of the rare macroascomycetes that can be cultivated artificially, possess significant economic and scientific values. Morel cultivation is highly sensitive to elevated temperatures; however, the mechanisms of their response to heat shock remain poorly understood. This study integrated transcriptomic and quantitative proteomic analyses of two M. sextelata strains with different thermotolerance (labeled as strains C and D) under normal (18 °C) and high temperature (28 °C) conditions. From over 9300 transcripts and 5000 proteins, both consistency and heterogeneity were found in response to heat shock between the two strains. Both strains displayed a capacity to maintain cellular homeostasis in response to heat shock through highly expressed cell wall integrity (CWI) pathways, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and antioxidant systems. However, strain D, which exhibited stronger thermotolerance, specifically upregulated the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5, thereby further promoting the expression of HSPs, which may be a key factor influencing the thermotolerance difference among M. sextelata strains. A conceptual model of the heat shock adaptation regulatory network in M. sextelata was proposed for the first time; the results provide novel insights into the thermotolerance response mechanisms of macroascomycetes and valuable resources for the breeding enhancement of thermotolerant morel strains.
Navigating the Uncertainty of B3 Breast Lesions: Diagnostic Challenges and Evolving Management Strategies
Authors: D’Archi Sabatino , Carnassale Beatrice , Sanchez Alejandro Martin , Accetta Cristina , Belli Paolo , De Lauretis Flavia , Di Guglielmo Enrico , Di Leone Alba , Franco Antonio , Magno Stefano , Moschella Francesca , Natale Maria , Scardina Lorenzo , Silenzi Marta , Masetti Riccardo , Franceschini Gianluca
Published: January 2025

B3 breast lesions, classified as lesions of uncertain malignant potential, present a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to their heterogeneous nature and variable risk of progression to malignancy. These lesions, which include atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), papillary lesions (PLs), flat epithelial atypia (FEA), radial scars (RSs), lobular neoplasia (LN), and phyllodes tumors (PTs), occupy a “grey zone” between benign and malignant pathologies, making their management complex and often controversial. This article explores the diagnostic difficulties associated with B3 lesions, focusing on the limitations of current imaging techniques, including mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as the challenges in histopathological interpretation. Core needle biopsy (CNB) and vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) are widely used for diagnosis, but both methods have inherent limitations, including sampling errors and the inability to determine malignancy in some cases definitively. The therapeutic approach to B3 lesions is nuanced, with treatment decisions strongly influenced by factors such as the lesion size, radiological findings, histopathological characteristics, and patient factors. While some lesions can be safely monitored with watchful waiting, others may require vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) or surgical excision to rule out malignancy. The decision-making process is further complicated by the discordance between the BI-RADS score and biopsy results, as well as the presence of additional risk factors, such as microcalcifications. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current diagnostic challenges and treatment strategies for B3 lesions, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to management. By synthesizing the most recent research, this article aims to provide clinicians with a clearer understanding of the complexities involved in diagnosing and treating B3 breast lesions while highlighting areas for future research, such as artificial intelligence and genomics, to improve the diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
Predictive Value of First Amniotic Sac IL-6 and Maternal Blood CRP for Emergency Cerclage Success in Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Diago-Muñoz Diana María , Martínez-Varea Alicia , Alonso-Díaz Ricardo , Perales-Marín Alfredo , Diago-Almela Vicente José
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To assess the usefulness of first amniotic sac Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to rule out intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI), as well as maternal blood c-reactive protein (CRP), to select patients with a twin pregnancy who may benefit from an emergency cerclage. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study among all patients with a twin pregnancy and mid-trimester bulging membranes admitted to a tertiary Hospital from January 2012 to September 2023. According to the Hospital’s Protocol, all patients received a vaginal and abdominal ultrasound, a maternal blood test, and an amniocentesis of the first sac to rule out IAI, defined by IL-6 ≥ 2.6 ng/dL. Results: A total of 28 patients with a twin pregnancy and mid-trimester bulging membranes were included. Among them, 18 patients (64.28%) had IL-6 levels ≥ 2.6 ng/dL. Cerclage was placed in 10 patients with IL-6 < 2.6 ng/dL. Perinatal mortality in pregnancies with IL-6 ≥ 2.6 ng/dL was 77.22%. The gestational age at delivery of patients with IL-6 < 2.6 ng/dL was 34 ± 3 weeks, compared to 23 ± 4 weeks when IL-6 was ≥2.6 ng/dL (p < 0.001). The latency to delivery with IL-6 < 2.6 ng/dL was 88.1 ±31.56 days, compared to 13.11 ± 20.43 days when IL-6 was ≥2.6 ng/dL (p < 0.001). Significant differences were found in maternal blood CRP levels in both study groups (no IAI 4.32 ± 3.67 vs. IAI 13.32 ± 15.07, p < 0.05). The area under the curve with an ROC curve was 0.799 (IC 95% 0.596–0.929), with a cut-off of 3.9 mg/L (S 94.4%, % E 62.5%). The gestational age at delivery with CRP < 3.9 mg/L was 33 ± 5 weeks, while in cases with CRP ≥ 3.9 mg/L, it was 24 ± 5 weeks (p < 0.001). The latency days to delivery were 86.5 ± 44.88 and 21.95 ± 30.97 days (p < 0.01), respectively. A positive correlation between the IL-6 values of both amniotic sacs was obtained, along with the Spearman coefficient correlation rank (rho = 0.835, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Compared to those with IAI, patients with a twin pregnancy and mid-trimester bulging membranes without IAI who underwent emergency cerclage had a significantly higher interval from diagnosis to delivery, as well as a significantly lower incidence of preterm birth < 34 weeks and perinatal death. Further studies are needed to assess whether the IL-6 of the first amniotic sac and maternal blood CRP might constitute a useful parameter to select patients who may benefit from an emergency cerclage.
Private Information Production and the Efficiency of Intra-Industry Information Transfers
Authors: Xia Jingjing
Published: January 2025

This paper challenges the prevailing view that intra-industry information transfers are primarily driven by public information. Contrary to conventional wisdom, I find that investors in late-announcing firms impound more private information after early-announcing peers report earnings. This increase is substantial, leading to an 18.2% decrease in analyst forecast consensus and a 24.9% increase in forecast precision. Moreover, the probability of informed trading rises by 2% on days with peer announcements. This finding is important because investors tend to overweight (underweight) private (public) signals, thereby exacerbating over- and underreaction anomalies. Our study confirms that these anomalies are more pronounced when early announcements stimulate private information production, offering a theoretical explanation for their puzzling coexistence. These findings have significant implications for investor behavior and market efficiency. Investors should diligently evaluate both public and private information, particularly following peer announcements. Policymakers can leverage these findings to design regulations that promote transparency and foster efficient information dissemination.
Beyond Distribution: Critique of Spatial Justice Theories—Case Study of Shanghai’s 15-Minute City
Authors: Xin Shengxi , Guo Qingyuan
Published: January 2025

The concept of the 15-minute city is increasingly being adopted globally as a pathway towards the vision of a just city. However, this distributive justice-based discourse is also used to justify and depoliticize radical planning interventions, particularly relocation, which profoundly impact the lifeworlds of affected individuals. Despite improved accessibility and the reallocation of resources, relocatees’ perceived injustice persists. This study aims to address a critical question: How does relocation planning impact the lifeworlds of affected communities, and how does this contribute to the sense of injustice experienced by relocatees? The theoretical framework we used critically examines spatial justice theories, emphasizing their inherent “logic of equation”, which reduces people’s complex lived experiences and subjective realities to measurable data and numbers, thereby disrupting individuals’ lifeworlds. Empirically, this study conducted a case study of a relocation project in Shanghai’s inner city, utilizing mind mapping to visualize the spatial perceptions and activities of 15 residents before and after relocation, complemented by interviews with these residents and two planning officials. While the planners’ evaluations indicate improved built environments post relocation, the findings reveal significant disruptions to the residents’ socio-spatial networks, particularly among the elderly. These disruptions diminished their capacity and willingness to engage with the new space, fostering a persistent sense of injustice. This study concludes that addressing planning disruptions requires policies that go beyond material redistribution to restore and reshape people’s lifeworlds.
Tool Used to Assess Co-Benefits of Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Ecosystems for Human Wellbeing: Second Validation via Measurement Application
Authors: Herranz-Pascual Karmele , Anchustegui Paula , Cantergiani Carolina , Iraurgi Ioseba
Published: January 2025

In recent years, nature-based solutions have been used in urban regeneration interventions to improve the adaptation and resilience of these places, contributing to improved environmental quality and cultural ecosystem functions, including people’s physiological, social, and mental health and wellbeing. However, when it comes to the assessment of psychological wellbeing and social benefits (psychosocial co-benefits), the existing evidence is still limited. To contribute to the advancement of knowledge on nature’s contribution to people in relation to this type of benefit, it is necessary for us to develop and test assessment tools to contribute to the development of a robust nature-based solutions monitoring framework. In this paper, the second phase of the validation of a psychosocial co-benefit assessment tool for nature-based urban interventions is presented. This tool is structured around two dimensions: the perceived health and wellbeing and social co-benefits. The first validation was carried out with experts using the Delphi method. The second validation presented in this paper was based on a sample of users, evaluating a set of eight urban spaces at different levels of naturalisation and openness. The results indicate that the tool is sensitive to the differences in naturalisation and openness in the public urban places analysed. The most relevant contextual variables to explain the psychosocial co-benefits are openness, the surfaces covered by tree branches, the water surface area, and naturalisation.
Redefining the Tea Green Leafhopper: Empoasca onukii Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) as a Vital Asset in Premium Tea Production
Authors: Kanu Unisa Conteh , Wang Zhaohong , Qiu Chenshi , Wen Qiaojun , Li Xueyan , Qiu Dongliang , Gan Yinwei , Mao Runqian
Published: January 2025

This review explores the evolving role of the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii, in the tea industry, transitioning from a recognized pest to a significant enhancer of tea quality. Recent research highlights how its feeding behavior stimulates the production of desirable secondary metabolites, thereby improving the flavor profiles and market value of premium teas, particularly varieties like Taiwan’s “Oriental Beauty”. As consumer demand for unique and artisanal teas rises, the economic benefits associated with E. onukii are becoming increasingly evident, prompting farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural practices that often involve reduced pesticide use. Furthermore, the dynamic interplay between climatic factors, E. onukii population dynamics, and tea cultivation practices necessitates integrated pest management strategies that balance the beneficial and detrimental impacts of this leafhopper. Understanding these complexities not only fosters sustainable production methods but also opens niche markets, benefiting local economies and promoting both economic viability and environmental sustainability in the tea industry.
Analysis of Chaotic Features in Dry Gas Seal Friction State Using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Ding Xuexing , Chen Jinlin , Wang Shipeng , Zhang Lanxia
Published: January 2025

In this study, a chaos theory-based characterization method is proposed to address the nonlinear behavior of acoustic emission (AE) signals during the startup and shutdown phases of dry gas seals. AE signals were collected through a controlled experiment at three distinct phases: startup, normal operation, and shutdown. Analysis of these signals identified a transition speed of 350 r/min between the mixed lubrication (ML) and hydrodynamic lubrication (HL) states. The maximum Lyapunov exponent, correlation dimension, K-entropy, and attractors of the AE signals throughout the operation of the dry gas seal are calculated and analyzed. The findings indicate that the chaotic features of these signals reflect the friction state of the seal system. Specifically, when the maximum Lyapunov exponent is greater than zero, the system exhibits chaotic behavior. The correlation dimension and K-entropy first increase and then decrease in boundary and hybrid lubrication states, while remaining stable in the hydrodynamic lubrication state. Attractors exhibit clustering in boundary lubrication and dispersion in mixed lubrication states. The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 98.6% in recognizing the friction states of dry gas seals. Therefore, the maximum Lyapunov exponent, correlation dimension, and K-entropy are reliable tools for characterizing friction states, while attractors serve as a complementary diagnostic feature. This approach provides a novel framework for utilizing AE signals to evaluate the friction states of dry gas seals.
Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Performance of ZnO Nanowires for Green Hydrogen Production and Organic Pollutant Degradation
Authors: Al Abass Nawal , Qahtan Talal F. , Alansi Amani M. , Bubshait Almqdad , Al-Ghamdi Maria , Albu Zahra , Albasiry Noof Soltan , Aljahfal Hisham Mohammed , Aldossary Abdulrahman E. , Faraj Mohammed Tariq
Published: January 2025

With growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable energy, multifunctional materials that can simultaneously address water treatment and clean energy production are in high demand. In this study, we developed a cost-effective method to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires via the anodic oxidation of zinc foil. By carefully controlling the anodization time, we optimized the Zn/ZnO-5 min electrode to achieve impressive dual-function performance in terms of effective photoelectrocatalysis for water splitting and waste water treatment. The electrode exhibited a high photocurrent density of 1.18 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE and achieved a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 0.55%. A key factor behind this performance is the presence of surface defects, such as oxygen vacancies (OVs), which enhanced charge separation and boosted electron transport. In tests for waste water treatment, the Zn/ZnO-5 min electrode demonstrated the highly efficient degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, with a reaction rate constant of 0.4211 min−1 when exposed to light and a 1.0 V applied voltage significantly faster than using light or voltage alone. Electrochemical analyses, including impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry, further confirmed the superior charge transfer properties of the electrode under illumination, making it an excellent candidate for both energy conversion and pollutant removal. This study highlights the potential of using simple anodic oxidation to produce scalable and efficient ZnO-based photocatalysts. The dual-function capability of this material could pave the way for large-scale applications in renewable hydrogen production and advanced waste water treatment, offering a promising solution to some of today’s most pressing environmental and energy challenges.
Welding, Joining, and Additive Manufacturing: Experiments, Materials, and Modeling
Authors: Bag Swarup , Paul C. P.
Published: January 2025

With the advancement of technologies, welding and joining have become an integral part of advanced manufacturing systems [...]
Structural Regulation and Performance Enhancement of Carbon-Based Supercapacitors: Insights into Electrode Material Engineering
Authors: Guan Lu , Li Dajin , Ji Shanshan , Wei Xiuzhi , Meng Fanxiao
Published: January 2025

The development of carbon-based supercapacitors is pivotal for advancing high energy and power density applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of structural regulation and performance enhancement strategies in carbon-based supercapacitors, focusing on electrode material engineering. Key areas explored include pore structure optimization, heteroatom doping, intrinsic defect engineering, and surface/interface modifications. These strategies significantly enhance electrochemical performance through increasing surface area, improving conductivity, facilitating charge transfer, introducing additional pseudocapacitive reactions, and optimizing the density of states at the Fermi level, among other mechanisms. After introducing these fundamental concepts, the review details various preparation methods and their effects on supercapacitor performance, highlighting the interplay between material structure and electrochemical properties. Challenges in scaling advanced fabrication techniques and ensuring the long-term stability of functionalized materials are discussed. Additionally, future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the development of cost-effective, scalable methods and interdisciplinary approaches to design next-generation supercapacitors, thereby meeting the growing demand for efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions.
Design of a Multi-Layer Symmetric Encryption System Using Reversible Cellular Automata
Authors: Stănică George Cosmin , Anghelescu Petre
Published: January 2025

The increasing demand for secure and efficient encryption algorithms has intensified the exploration of alternative cryptographic solutions, including biologically inspired systems like cellular automata. This study presents a symmetric block encryption design based on multiple reversible cellular automata (RCAs) that can assure both computational efficiency and reliable restoration of original data. The encryption key, with a length of 224 bits, is composed of specific rules used by the four distinct RCAs: three with radius-2 neighborhoods and one with a radius-3 neighborhood. By dividing plaintext into 128-bit blocks, the algorithm performs iterative transformations over multiple rounds. Each round includes forward or backward evolution steps, along with dynamically computed shift values and reversible transformations to securely encrypt or decrypt data. The encryption process concludes with an additional layer of security by encrypting the final RCA configurations, further protecting against potential attacks on the encrypted data. Additionally, the 224-bit key length provides robust resistance against brute force attacks. Testing and analysis were performed using a custom-developed software (version 1.0) application, which helped demonstrate the algorithm’s robustness, encryption accuracy, and ability to maintain data integrity.
Backward Anticipated Social Optima: Input Constraints and Partial Information
Authors: Wang Shujun
Published: January 2025

A class of stochastic linear-quadratic (LQ) dynamic optimization problems involving a large population is investigated in this work. Here, the agents cooperate with each other to minimize certain social costs. Furthermore, differently from the classic social optima literature, the dynamics in this framework are driven by anticipated backward stochastic differential equations (ABSDE) in which the terminal instead of the initial condition is specified and the anticipated terms are involved. The individual admissible controls are constrained in closed convex subsets, and the common noise is considered. As a result, the related social cost is represented by a recursive functional in which the initial state is involved. By virtue of the so-called anticipated person-by-person optimality principle, a decentralized strategy can be derived. This is based on a class of new consistency condition systems, which are mean-field-type anticipated forward-backward stochastic differential delay equations (AFBSDDEs). The well-posedness of such a consistency condition system is obtained through a discounting decoupling method. Finally, the corresponding asymptotic social optimality is proved.
Improving the Accuracy of the Pencil of Function Method Increasing Its Matrix Polynomial Degree
Authors: Barroso Raul H. , Zozaya Sahad Alfonso J.
Published: January 2025

The estimation of complex natural frequencies in linear systems through their transient response analysis is a common practice in engineering and applied physics. In this context, the conventional Generalized Pencil of Function (GPOF) method that employs a matrix pencil of degree one, utilizing singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering, has emerged as a prominent strategy to carry out a complex natural frequency estimation. However, some modern engineering applications increasingly demand higher accuracy estimation. In this context, some intrinsic properties of Hankel matrices and exponential functions are utilized in this paper in order to develop a modified GPOF method which employs a matrix pencil of degree greater than one. Under conditions of low noise in the transient response, our method significantly enhances accuracy compared to the conventional GPOF approach. This improvement is especially valuable for applications involving closely spaced complex natural frequencies, where a precise estimation is crucial.
Polynomial Identities for Binomial Sums of Harmonic Numbers of Higher Order
Authors: Komatsu Takao , Sury B.
Published: January 2025

We study the formulas for binomial sums of harmonic numbers of higher order ∑k=0nHk(r)nk(1−q)kqn−k=Hn(r)−∑j=1nDr(n,j)qjj. Recently, Mneimneh proved that D1(n,j)=1. In this paper, we find several different expressions of Dr(n,j) for r≥1.
Density Formula in Malliavin Calculus by Using Stein’s Method and Diffusions
Authors: Park Hyun-Suk
Published: January 2025

Let G be a random variable of functionals of an isonormal Gaussian process X defined on some probability space. Studies have been conducted to determine the exact form of the density function of the random variable G. In this paper, unlike previous studies, we will use the Stein’s method for invariant measures of diffusions to obtain the density formula of G. By comparing the density function obtained in this paper with that of the diffusion invariant measure, we find that the diffusion coefficient of an Itô diffusion with an invariant measure having a density can be expressed as in terms of operators in Malliavin calculus.
Ishophloroglucin A Isolated from Ishige okamurae Protects Glomerular Cells from Methylglyoxal-Induced Diacarbonyl Stress and Inhibits the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Cho Chi-Heung , Kim Min-Gyeong , Ryu Bomi , Lee Sang-Hoon
Published: January 2025

Ishige okamurae (I. okamuare), an edible brown alga, is rich in isophloroglucin A (IPA) phlorotannin compounds and is effective in preventing diseases, including diabetes. We evaluated its anti-glycation ability, intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging activity, inhibitory effect on the accumulation of intracellular MGO/MGO-derived advanced glycation end products (AGE), and regulation of downstream signaling pathways related to the AGE–receptor for AGEs (RAGE) interaction. IPA (0.2, 1, and 5 μM) demonstrated anti-glycation ability by inhibiting the formation of glucose-fructose-BSA-derived AGEs by up to 54.63% compared to the untreated control, reducing the formation of irreversible cross-links between MGO-derived AGEs and collagen by 67.68% and the breaking down of existing cross-links by approximately 91% (p < 0.001). IPA protected cells from MGO-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting intracellular MGO accumulation (untreated cells: 1.62 μg/mL, MGO treated cells: 25.27 μg/mL, and IPA 5 μM: 11.23 μg/mL) (p < 0.001) and AGE generation and inhibited MGO-induced renal cell damage via the downregulation of MGO-induced RAGE protein expression (relative protein expression levels of MGO treated cells: 9.37 and IPA 5 μM:1.74) (p < 0.001). Overall, these results suggest that IPA has the potential to be utilized as a useful natural agent for the prevention and management of AGE-related diabetic nephropathy, owing to its strong anti-glycation activity.
Depression and Associated Factors Among Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Jekpoo Sirivipa , Wongpakaran Nahathai , Wongpakaran Tinakon , Wantaneeyawong Chayasak , Wiriyacosol Punjaree , Methapatara Pised
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease often accompanied by depression. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of depression and the associated mental health factors in SCA patients. Material and Methods: Eleven Thai SCA patients completed questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, inner strengths, perceived social support, personality traits and perceived stress. Results: Participants’ average age was 50.27 years old. The prevalence of depression was 27.27%. Depression scores were positively correlated with OI-anxiety score (r = 0.887, 95%CI 0.586 to 0.968), perceived stress (r = 0781, 95%CI 0.305 to 0.936) and personality traits including aggression (r = 0.73, 95% CI 0.197 to 0.920), activity (r = 0.651, 95%CI 0.052 to 0.893) and neuroticism (r = 0.80, 95% CI 0.351 to 0.942). Conversely, depression negatively correlated with inner strengths (r = −0.70, 95%CI −0.910 to −0.139) and perceived social support, particularly from family (r = −0.88, 95%CI −0.966 to −0.564). Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for comprehensive mental health assessment and intervention in SCA patients. Strengthening inner strengths, promoting social support, and managing negative mental health factors may improve quality of life for patients with SCA.
Changes in Phenylacetylglutamine Levels Provide Add-On Value in Risk Stratification of Hypertensive Patients: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Xu Xuan , Jia Lixin , Qiao Bokang , Gong Yanyan , Gao Shan , Wang Yuan , Du Jie
Published: January 2025

Background: Despite antihypertensive treatment, some high-risk hypertensive patients still experience major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Current risk stratification tools may underestimate the presence of metabolites in hypertension and thereby risk of MACEs. Objectives: We aimed to explore the potential value of gut microbiota-derived metabolite phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) in risk stratification of hypertension. Methods: We measured plasma PAGln levels using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in 1543 high-risk hypertensive patients, dividing them into a discovery cohort (n = 792) and a validation cohort (n = 751). After follow-up, the Kaplan–Meier curve and the Cox regression model were utilized to determine the correlation between PAGln and MACEs (death, non-fatal ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, non-fatal acute coronary syndrome and unplanned revascularization). We examined the predictive performance of PAGln in different subgroups and evaluated the incremental predictive value of PAGln as an addition to the ASCVD risk assessment model. Results: Among all high-risk hypertensive patients, 148 patients experienced MACEs after a mean follow-up of 3.02 years. In both cohorts, after adjusting other confounding risk factors, PAGln remained an independent risk factor the MACEs in hypertensive patients. Patients with plasma PAGln ≥ 1.047 μmol/L have a higher risk of MACEs. PAGln concentration provided incremental predictive value to the ASCVD risk model, with better performance in the discovery cohort. It was most effective in female, patients with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 mmHg and taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). Conclusions: PAGln was associated with an increased risk of MACEs in hypertension, especially in women or in subgroups with SBP ≥ 130 mmHg and taking ACEIs. PAGln should be considered as an independent predictor in risk stratification to improve prognosis.