bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is fluency being ‘neglected’ in the classroom? Teacher understanding of fluency and related classroom practices
Authors: Tavakoli Parvaneh , Hunter Ann-Marie
Published: May 2017

This article reports on a study examining second language (L2) teachers’ understanding of speech fluency and their self-reported classroom practices for promoting it. Qualitative and quantitative data collected from 84 L2 teachers in England were analysed to answer the research questions. In addition to the descriptive statistics and lexical frequency analysis used to explore teacher understanding of fluency, Rossiter, Derwing, Manimtim and Thomson’s (2010) framework was employed to analyse the teachers’ reported classroom practices. The results suggest that teachers often define fluency in a broad sense, with many using fluency and speaking ability interchangeably. Similarly, a large majority of the activities reported by the teachers were useful for enhancing speaking practice rather than focusing on fluency specifically. The findings underline the interaction between teacher understanding and their methodology (Borg, 2003), and highlight a mismatch between what fluency research recommends and what teachers do in class. Though the study highlights the complex and multifaceted nature of L2 oral fluency, we argue that adopting a narrower understanding could help teachers take a more active and practical approach to promoting fluency in the classroom.
Evidence in the museum: Curating a miscarriage of justice
Authors: Biber Katherine
Published: May 2017

After the conclusion of criminal proceedings, criminal evidence sometimes survives in what is described here as an afterlife. In its afterlife, criminal evidence is preserved in various locations; this article explores the museum as a repository for evidentiary exhibits. It examines the case of Lindy Chamberlain, the victim of Australia’s most notorious miscarriage of justice, and the evidence that has survived since her exoneration. Drawing upon interviews with Chamberlain herself, and also the curator of the Chamberlain collections at the National Museum of Australia, this article examines the challenges posed by curating a wrongful conviction.
Fra Sædvane Til Refleksion Om Ændringer i Den Uformelle Regulering af Alkoholforbruget
Authors: Schmidt Dorrit
Published: May 2017

Has the liberalization of the formal control of alcohol consumption in Denmark led to a “liberalization” of the informal, social regulation of the drinking habits as well? A comparison between two surveys, made among men between ages 30 to 44 years old in Copenhagen in 1964 and 1993, shows that new forms of alcohol regulation have developed as the old control measures have been phased out. Social control, which earlier was implicitly tied to social custom, has become more explicit.

Self-regulation is guided by a more differentiated individual awareness of problems. Women's regulation of men's alcohol use has increased and includes also lower consumption levels. In the workplace, regulations have become formalized within a system of labour agreements. Additionally the drinking habits at work are directed more by the individual than by custom.
Full for Første Gang: En Longitudinell Studie
Authors: Pedersen Willy , Aas Henrik
Published: May 2017

In a longitudinal study with a prospective of five waves of data, the predictors and consequences of alcohol and intoxication debut were investigated. The sample consisted of 465 Norwegian adolescents, who were followed up over six years. Median age of alcohol debut was 15 years, and the mean age 14.8 years. By using structural equation modelling, parental and peer influences on alcohol and intoxication debut were estimated. While controlling for parental and peer influences, the consequences of age of debut were studied in terms of subsequent alcohol consumption and the development of alcohol problems. The findings revealed that there was an independent effect of age of alcohol debut both as regards further alcohol consumption and development of alcohol problems. But no such effect was reported for the age of first intoxication. Five percent of the sample had not had their alcohol debut by the end of their teens. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict abstainer status. The findings indicated that the abstainers were heterogeneous. Low parental substance use, high religious involvement and school adaptation increased the probability of abstaining. However, weak friendship networks also had the same effects.
Alcohol Consumption, Drunken Driving, and Traffic Accidents in Iceland 1966–1993
Authors: Ásmundsson Gylfi
Published: May 2017

The aim of the article is to compare the development of the aggregate consumption of alcohol, drunken driving and traffic accidents in Iceland over a period of 28 years and to explore how changes in these factors are related. The data on traffic include the number of vehicles, the number of traffic accidents, the number of those arrested by the police suspected of drunken driving, and the proportion of alcohol-related accidents in traffic. Reliable figures for the number of traffic accidents in the country as a whole have been available since 1966; for drunken driving, since 1968 and for alcohol related traffic accidents, since 1976.

The results show no significant correlation between traffic accidents and the number of vehicles but show a highly significant correlation between traffic accidents and the consumption of spirits. A significant correlation was also found between traffic accidents and the rate of drunken driving and between traffic accidents and the proportion of alcohol-related traffic accidents. In the latter part of the period a relative decrease in traffic accidents, drunken driving and alcohol related accidents was observed.

The results are discussed with reference to other factors that might possibly affect this development, e.g., improvements in traffic safety and cars during the period, economic recessions, and information campaigns against drunken driving.
Alcohol Prevention in Work Places. A Comparison between Two Models
Authors: Leissner Tom , Ahlberg Karin , Allebeck Peter
Published: May 2017

There is an increasing interest in alcohol and drug prevention in the work place. For the employers, a well developed policy on alcohol and drugs may improve the working environment and also production results. There are different models, but most existing programs focus more on secondary than on primary prevention. There is lack of documentation and evaluation of these programs.

In this article, based on pilot studies, we present two models of alcohol preventive programs that have been implemented in two manufacturing companies in Sweden. By interviews with employers and employees, we have collected data to document the structure and the process of the activities carried out by two support organizations for alcohol prevention in the work place.

The two organizations turned out to be very similar in structure: small (2–3 persons) consulting bodies, working with relatively short term projects on different enterprises, and with a strong commitment to their work. The process by which they implemented the program differed considerably. One worked according to a predefined concept and channeled work mainly through the administrative leaders. The other worked more within the enterprise, took note of expressed needs and interests of the company, and strived to strengthen internal networks.
Brief Group Therapy for Alcohol Dependent Patients. A Comparison beween Relapse Prevention and Psychodynamic Therapy
Authors: Sandahl Christer , Rönnberg Sten , Herlitz Kristina , Ahlin Göran
Published: May 2017

Thirty-five alcohol dependent patients were followed-up one year after completion of treatment in relapse prevention groups. In terms of alcohol consumption this group had a statistically significant better outcome than a comparable group of patients given standard treatment. In a second study, 59 patients, of which a significantly larger proportion were women (63 percent), were treated in either psychodynamically- or behaviourally-oriented brief group-psychotherapy. Alcohol consumption measures showed a clear tendency in favor of the psychodynamic treatment at follow-up about 12 months after the groups ended. Both treatment types had a positive effect on the patients' alcohol consumption, but the behavioural content did not seem to be a necessary treatment ingredient for this patient group. The results indicated, however, that therapist style in terms of actively influencing the process and focussing on personal and emotionally loaded themes might be of more importance than theoretical orientation.
Addiction and Temporality. A Discussion on Rationality, Control and Motivation
Authors: Bergmark Anders
Published: May 2017

The well-known disagreement between the supporters of the disease concept and the defenders of a behaviouristic perspective on alcohol problems can, to some extent, be a product of the disregard of a dimension of time. This tendency to neglect the time aspect – which can be considered as the most prevalent attitude within the realms of traditional addiction research – has recently got a corrective in the theories based on the notion of rational actors and preferences with a variation over time.

In this article some of the more prominent theories within the latter tradition are presented and discussed. Concretely, this means that the basic features of Becker and Murphy's (1988) model of rational addiction is compared with Ainslie's (1992) ideas concerning the intertemporal explanations for motivational conflicts. Furthermore, Elster and Loewenstein's analysis of the individual's capacity to derive utility from memory and anticipation is related to some more practical and treatment-oriented questions.
The Swedish Drug Policy – a Restrictive and Successful Model?
Authors: Tham Henrik
Published: May 2017

Officially, Swedish drug policy is proclaimed to be successful. The success, it is claimed, depends on the implementation of a “restrictive” – in comparison to the 1960s and 1970s – drug policy in Sweden today.

The question addressed in the article is whether the strict drug policy has led to less harm from narcotics than earlier. The analysis of the development of drug use is based upon case-finding studies, time series on sentenced persons, drug use among young people, and deaths as a result of drug use, among other things.

According to available data, the success of the Swedish drug policy cannot be established by counting the number of drug abusers; the number increased during the 1980s. When it comes to the number of new drug users, a decrease was especially noticeable during the less strict 1970s. Whether there is a decrease also during the 1980s is a matter of interpretation, since different data sets give partly different answers.

The uncertain and limited decrease in the costs of drug consumption since the beginning of the 1980s must be seen in relation to the clearly increased costs for the control of drugs. Such costs are connected to the disregard for law, increased use of limited law enforcement resources, increased use of compulsory treatment, more and longer prison sentences, and, possibly, increased mortality among drug abusers. The repressive features have become clearer. The conclusion must therefore be that the official description of Swedish drug policy as a restrictive and successful model hardly is supported by neither the terminology nor data.
An expanded definition of environmental information? Minch v Commissioner for Environmental Information [2016] IEHC 91
Authors: Kennedy Rónán
Published: May 2017

A recent Irish High Court decision has overturned a decision of the Commissioner for Environmental Information not to grant access to a report on broadband networking infrastructure on the grounds that the document sought was too remote from environmental decision-making. The Commissioner had held that information must fall within one of the categories in Article 3(1) of the European Communities (Access to Information on the Environment) Regulations 2007–2014 in order to constitute environmental information, not simply relate to one of them. The High Court held that this ‘remoteness’ approach was not the correct test as it failed to take into account that Article 3(1)(c) includes measures, programmes, and policies which are likely to affect elements of the environment, not just those which have affected those elements, but did not provide an alternative test. Irish practice in this regard may therefore be following that of England and Wales, which may not be welcome as it undermines the Freedom of Information regime. The decision may make some difference in practice, but it is too early to be certain. While some had hoped that this decision would provide clarity on the definition of environmental information, this will have to await at least the reconsideration by the CEI of the request which gave rise to this case, and possibly further High Court appeals.
Effect of teeth micro-geometrical form modification on contact kinematics and efficiency of high performance transmissions
Authors: Elisaus Vishak , Mohammadpour Mahdi , Theodossiades Stephanos , Rahnejat Homer
Published: May 2017

Light weight, compactness and efficiency are key objectives in high performance vehicular transmission systems, which are subject to large variations in torque and power. Pitch line velocities of up to 52 m/s and teeth pair contact pressures of up to 3 GPa are routinely encountered under race conditions. Contact patch asymmetry due to angular misalignments between input and output shafts leads to the generation of high edge stress discontinuities on gear flanks, inducing fatigue spalling which affects system durability. Crowning is widely used as a palliative measure to mitigate these undesired effects. These problems can be further exacerbated by contact footprint truncation. The paper presents a new approach to modelling the kinematics and contact micro-geometry of meshing conjunctions of involute spur gears with profile and lead modifications. A time-efficient analytical method is presented to accurately determine the contact footprint and kinematics, leading to the solution of highly loaded non-Newtonian mixed thermo-elastohydrodynamic contact under the extreme prevalent conditions of high performance vehicular transmissions. The effect of tooth form modification on contact footprint truncation, contact kinematics and generated frictional power loss is investigated. This approach has not hitherto been reported in literature.
Word Learning During Reading: Effects of Language Ability in School-Age Children
Authors: Hill Margaret S. , Wagovich Stacy A. , Manfra Louis
Published: May 2017

Most vocabulary growth during the school-age years occurs incidentally. However, little is understood about the influence of language skills on word knowledge growth during reading. Using a pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design, we examined incidental word learning through reading, considering the presence/absence of supportive context and the role of language ability. Children with a range of language abilities ( N = 32), aged 10 years, 6 months to 16 years, 5 months, were exposed three times to rare nouns and verbs within stories or in isolation. Small but significant knowledge gains were found for rare words encountered in context, but not for words in isolation. Language skill predicted overall word knowledge but not rate of word knowledge growth. Findings suggest children with low oral language ability are at a disadvantage in acquiring vocabulary through reading; however, the word learning process may be qualitatively similar for children with varying language skill levels.
Comparison between nano and micro silicon softener on corona discharge-treated cotton fabric
Authors: Nourbakhsh Shirin , Parvinzadeh Mazeyar , Jafari Sanaz
Published: May 2017

The main purpose of this research is comparing the micro and nano-silicone softeners on the properties of corona plasma discharge-treated cotton fabric. The cotton fabric was treated by corona discharge, and then treated and untreated cotton fabrics were coated by silicone and nano-silicone softeners at different concentrations. The stiffness, water absorption time and crease recovery angle tests were measured. Surface morphology of fabrics was observed by means of Scanning electron microscopy. FTIR/ATR spectroscopy was used for determination of surface chemical bonding. The stiffness and water absorption were reduced upon increasing the concentration of softener, and crease recovery angles of samples were increased upon upraising the softener concentration. Scanning electron microscopy showed that corona treatment on cotton fabric made a rough surface with some cracks on the fiber, and nano particles covered the surface of cotton and corona-treated cotton fabrics. FITR/ATR spectroscopy of corona plasma-treated cotton showed the presence of carboxylic acid group. Corona plasma discharge treatment caused chemical and physical changes on the fiber surface. The nano silicon softener coating can be used on untreated cotton, but corona treatment is more efficient for the silicon softener.
Prepulse Inhibition of the Auditory Off-Response: A Magnetoencephalographic Study
Authors: Motomura Eishi , Inui Koji , Nishihara Makoto , Tanahashi Megumi , Kakigi Ryusuke , Okada Motohiro
Published: May 2017

A weak preceding sound stimulus attenuates the startle response evoked by an intense sound stimulus. Like startle reflexes, change-related auditory responses are suppressed by a weak leading stimulus (ie, a prepulse). We aim to examine whether a prepulse inhibits cerebral responses to the sound offset and how the prepulse magnitude affects the degree of the prepulse inhibition (PPI). Using magnetoencephalography, we recorded the Off-P50m elicited by an offset of a train sound of 100-Hz clicks in 12 healthy subjects. A single click slightly louder (+1.5, +3, or +5 dB) than the background sound of 80 dB was inserted 50 ms before the sound offset as a prepulse. We performed a dipole source analysis of the Off-P50m, and we measured its latency and amplitude using the source strength waveforms. The origin of the Off-P50m was estimated to be the auditory cortex on both hemispheres. The Off-P50m was clearly attenuated by the prepulses, and the degree of PPI was greater with a louder prepulse. The Off-P50m is considered to be a simple change-related response, which does not overlap with a processing of incoming sounds. Thus, the Off-P50m and its PPI comprise a valuable tool for investigating the neural inhibitory system.
Successful pregnancy in the context of previously undiagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tahmasebi Farshad , Hussain Khawar , Smart Georgina , Gupta Manish , Hossain Upal
Published: May 2017

An asymptomatic 36-year-old woman presented with significantly elevated white blood cells (165.9 × 109/L) at antenatal booking, in her first pregnancy. Further investigations revealed the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with monoallelic deletion of chromosome 13q14. She was supported and monitored through out pregnancy, without treatment, and delivered a healthy baby boy at term with no complications and is currently being followed up by the haem-oncology team.
Control of a hybrid helicopter with wings
Authors: De Wagter Christophe , Smeur Ewoud JJ
Published: May 2017

This work investigates the design parameters and their consequences in the control of a helicopter rotor combined with a pair of fixed wings. This hybrid vehicle has a light and aerodynamically efficient rotor with a large range of pitch angles to enable both hover and forward flight. Because of the light stiff rotor and heavy wings, the hybrid vehicle exhibits couplings between the roll and pitch axes during hover flight. The rotor-wing interaction depends on a lot of parameters. In this article, we utilize a simplified theoretic model and simulations in order to gain insight in the effect of these parameters on the vehicle dynamics. Finally, a controller is designed that compensates undesired coupling between pitch and roll.
L’évaluation d’impact sur la santé en Montérégie : un processus appuyé sur le courtage de connaissances
Authors: Tremblay Émile , St-Pierre Louise , Viens Christian
Published: May 2017

Le présent article fait état du modèle de soutien à la prise de décision appliqué à l’évaluation d’impact sur la santé (EIS) en Montérégie, au Canada. Pour répondre à la volonté de soutenir l’élaboration de politiques et projets municipaux favorables à la santé et fondés sur les données probantes, la Direction de santé publique a mis en œuvre une démarche d’EIS dont les fondements pratiques s’inspirent des expériences internationales en matière d’EIS et dont les assises théoriques reposent sur le partage et le courtage de connaissances. L’expérience montérégienne démontre que la stratégie de courtage de connaissances appliquées à l’EIS encourage un partage respectueux des responsabilités et rôles de chacune des parties prenantes et favorise l’utilisation des connaissances de santé publique dans la prise de décision municipale. Le courtage des connaissances permet de prendre en compte les enjeux locaux dans les analyses d’impact et dans les recommandations aux décideurs. En conclusion, il s’avère que l’implication des décideurs municipaux à la recherche de solutions favorables à la santé permet d’inscrire les données probantes à l’intérieur des processus décisionnels et d’observer leur utilisation à plusieurs niveaux. L’évaluation des premières expériences d’EIS révèle en effet que les connaissances partagées répondent à des besoins immédiats engendrant leur utilisation directe, contribuent à des changements de perception et de pratique à plus large échelle et font de la santé une valeur reconnue par les décideurs publics et promue auprès de leurs citoyens pour accroître l’acceptabilité des initiatives municipales.
Catching up with Technology — The Impact of Regulatory Changes on ECNs/MTFs and the Trading Venue Landscape in Europe
Authors: Gomber Peter , Gsell Markus
Published: May 2017

With RegNMS in the US and MiFID in the EU, regulators respond to recent years' changes in trading concepts and infrastructures. Both try to catch up with technological advances and intend to create a level playing field between the different types of trading venues and a harmonisation in the order execution process. The paper illustrates and analyses the regulatory environments and the impact of their upcoming changes on ECNs and MTFs with a specific focus on Europe. Scenarios will be developed on how the regulatory overhauls will alter the competitive landscape between Regulated Markets, ECNs/MTFs and order flow internalising entities.
Crossing Networks: Competition and Design
Authors: Degryse Hans , Van Achter Mark , Wuyts Gunther
Published: May 2017

In the past two decades, Alternative Trading Systems (ATSs) started to compete with traditional exchanges. Our paper focuses on one such system: a Crossing Network (CN). First, we discuss the distinct institutional aspects a CN offers compared to traditional markets. Next, we present an overview of the theoretical and empirical literature analyzing their success in competing with traditional markets. Finally, we offer some prospects on the potential outcome of this competition, taking into account market design issues such as the optimal degree of transparency of CNs. We also provide a market practioner's view on the market design of CNs.
The Mifid Revolution: A Policy View
Authors: Casey Jean-Pierre , Lannoo Karel
Published: May 2017

The present article paints a portrait of the likely EU securities market landscape post-MiFiD. Much of the available analysis on MiFID has focused on short-term adjustment and compliance costs, especially regarding IT investments. Yet MiFID represents a revolution in European securities markets that is likely to lead to deep and long-lasting structural changes. The analysis in this Policy Brief concentrates on ten predictions that the authors make about the likely impact of MiFID on market structures, and the likely strategic responses of financial services firms.
Recurrent Shoulder Instability in a Young, Active, Military Population and Its Professional Implications
Authors: Flint James H. , Pickett Adam , Owens Brett D. , Svoboda Steven J. , Peck Karen Y. , Cameron Kenneth L. , Biery John , Giuliani Jeffrey , Rue John-Paul
Published: May 2017

Background:

Shoulder instability is a topic of significant interest within the sports medicine literature, particularly regarding recurrence rates and the ideal treatment indications and techniques. Little has been published specifically addressing the occupational implications of symptomatic recurrent shoulder instability.

Hypothesis:

Previous arthroscopic repair will continue to be a significant predisposing factor for recurrent instability in a young, active population, and that recurrent instability may have a negative effect on college graduation and postgraduate occupational selection.

Study Design:

Case series.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of approved medical waivers for surgical treatment of anterior shoulder dislocation or instability prior to matriculation at the US Military Academy or the US Naval Academy for the graduating classes of 2010 to 2013. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the incidence and risk factors for recurrence and to determine the impact on graduation rate and occupation selection.

Results:

Fifty-nine patients were evaluated; 34% developed recurrent anterior instability. Patients with previous arthroscopic repair had a significantly higher incidence of recurrence (38%, P = 0.044). Recurrent shoulder instability did not significantly affect graduation rates or self-selected occupation ( P ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion:

There is a significant rate of recurrent shoulder instability after primary surgical repair, particularly among young, active individuals. In addition, arthroscopic repair resulted in a significantly higher recurrence rate compared with open repair in our population. Surgical repair for shoulder instability should not necessarily preclude young individuals from pursuing (or being considered for) occupations that may place them at greater risk of recurrence.

Clinical Relevance:

The risk of recurrent instability is greater than the rate typically described, which may suggest that some subpopulations are at greater risk than others. A unique data point regarding instability is the effect on occupation selection.
Prosocial skeptics: Skepticism and generalized trust
Authors: Loveland Matthew T , Capella Alexander G , Maisonet India
Published: May 2017

We report on a study of the religious correlates of generalized trust. Our critical frame leads us to explore novel questions about how nonreligion may encourage social trust. We find that those who believe the bible to be a book of fables are more trusting than those with other beliefs about the text, and that nontheists report a greater willingness to trust. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research about religious belief and generalized trust.
A Reliability Generalization Study of the Political Skill Inventory
Authors: Jacobson Ryan K. , Viswesvaran Chockalingam
Published: May 2017

Measures of political skill have been shown to be significant predictors of job performance across a variety of occupations and have consistently been related to positive work-related behaviors and outcomes. A reliability generalization study was conducted on the Political Skill Inventory (PSI), currently the most frequently utilized measuring instrument for assessing the construct of political skill, to determine the weighted mean internal consistency reliability estimate of the PSI and its four dimensions across samples while also examining the effect of six potential sources of measurement error that may impact the internal consistency reliability of the PSI and its four dimensions. Across the samples that reported a reliability estimate for the Ferris et al. 18-item PSI measure, the weighted mean reliability coefficient alpha of the PSI was .89 ( k = 77, N = 15,987) and that for the six-item measure of the PSI was .81 ( k = 11, N = 2,123). Potential sources of measurement error variance that could impact the typical score reliability of the PSI and three of the four PSI subscale dimensions were identified and are discussed.
State Health Department Accreditation Technical Assistance: A Focused Strategic Thinking Approach
Authors: Ginter Peter M. , Wallace Lauren , Rucks Andrew C.
Published: May 2017

Public health departments provide many services critical to maintaining healthy populations, including communicable disease control, immunizations, primary care, and emergency preparedness. The Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) has established an accreditation process for public health departments that measures departmental performance against nationally recognized, evidence-based standards. The goal is to recognize departmental strengths and weaknesses, strengthen partnerships, and promote the prioritization of organizational goals to improve community health. Achieving accreditation from the PHAB requires health departments to develop Community Health Assessment (CHA), Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP), and Strategic Plan processes. The intent of the CHA is to determine contributing factors for poor health outcomes and assess available resources. Building on the CHA, the CHIP establishes health priorities and improvement strategies, including measurable health outcomes and recommended policy changes. Finally, Strategic Plan defines the health department’s strategic priorities, goals, and implementation plans. A number of methodologies are available to develop these plans, but many prove to be complicated and confusing, leading to suboptimal performance. The Alabama-Mississippi Public Health Training Center assisted the Alabama Department of Public Health with the creation of their plans by developing the Focused Strategic Thinking Approach, which supplied simple and effective processes to develop useful and successful plans. These processes provide useful guides for other public health departments developing their prerequisites as they pursue PHAB accreditation.
The Development and Evolution of Public Health Essentials in Action: A Training Course on the 3 Core Functions and 10 Essential Public Health Services
Authors: Andrade Raymond , Healy Erich , Muramoto Myra , Govindarajan Lubna , Cunningham James , Taren Douglas
Published: May 2017

The Western Region Public Health Training Center (formally the Arizona Public Health Training Center) conducts competency-based needs assessments and provides workforce development assistance to public health agencies in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Region IX. Since its launch in 2012, the Center’s Public Health Essentials in Action Training has evolved. It is now offered in-person and online and has been adapted for rural communities. The evolution of the training, beginning with course planning and development, is described, as well as how factors in the public health workforce influenced the course’s evolution and how the course has been adapted for different platforms and populations. Finally, an overview of evaluation efforts offers insight into course effectiveness for this and other trainings offered by the Western Region Public Health Training Center.
Roll coating analysis of a second-grade material
Authors: Zahid M , Rana MA , Siddiqui AM
Published: May 2017

In this study, the lubrication approximation theory is used to provide numerical results in roll coating over a moving flat porous web. The rate of injection at the roll surface is assumed equal to the rate of suction on the web. The second-grade fluid is used, which reduces with appropriate modifications to the Newtonian fluid model. Results are obtained in such quantities as coating thickness, split location, pressure distribution, stresses, forces, the power input to the roll, and adiabatic temperature rise between the coating roll and the coated web. Some of these results are shown graphically. It is found that material parameters β and Reynolds number are the parameters to control flow rate, coating thickness separation points, separation force, power input, and pressure.
Geophysical inversions applied to 3D geology characterization of an iron oxide copper-gold deposit in Brazil
Authors: Melo Aline Tavares , Sun Jiajia , Li Yaoguo
Published: May 2017

Mineral exploration dynamics often requires an efficient and objective means of evaluating a prospect in early exploration stages, when few holes have been drilled. In the case of deep prospects or prospects under cover, this evaluation will mostly be based on geophysical data. To develop an objective interpretation method capable of combining all the information available, we have developed an integrated interpretation scheme of geophysical models and sparse geologic data. Our method is based on the relationship between recovered physical properties obtained from 2D and 3D inversions, aiming to find patterns associated with geologic units, such as iron formation, copper ore, and host rock. The interpretation is guided by theoretical relations of the minerals of interest (chalcopyrite and magnetite) and the sparse geologic information available. It is suitable for prospects in the initial stages of exploration when only limited mineralogical information is available from, say, one drillhole. We have demonstrated the success of the method using magnetic and DC resistivity data from the Cristalino iron oxide copper-gold deposit, located in northern Brazil, which is covered by a thick soil overburden. The theoretical behavior of the physical properties of chalcopyrite and magnetite was first combined with the rock types identified in the drill cores to find groups or classes associated with different amounts of these minerals. Then, these relative relations between units were applied to define four classes in the scatterplot of recovered susceptibility and conductivity values from 2D inversions. These four classes are associated with iron formation, copper ore, and two types of host rocks. After the validation with the known geology, the same interpretation scheme was applied to the scatterplot of recovered susceptibility and conductivity values from 3D inversions. The final interpreted volume allows the explorationist to have an approximate estimate of the copper body extent.
Results of the interim analysis of the EORTC randomized phase III CATNON trial on concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide in anaplastic glioma without 1p/19q co-deletion: An Intergroup trial.
Authors: Van Den Bent Martin J. , Erridge Sara , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Nowak Anna K. , Sanson Marc , Brandes Alba Ariela , Wick Wolfgang , Clement Paul M. , Baurain Jean-Francois , Mason Warren P. , Wheeler Helen , Chinot Olivier L. , Weller Michael , Golfinopoulos Vassilis , Aldape Ken , Dinjens Winand N.M. , Wesseling Pieter , Gorlia Thierry , Kros Johan M , Baumert Brigitta G.
Published: May 2017

LBA2000

Background: The benefit of adding chemotherapy to radiotherapy (RT) in newly diagnosed anaplastic glioma without 1p/19q co-deletion is unknown. The CATNON trial investigated the impact of adjuvant and/or concurrent chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) in these tumors. Methods: Eligible were patients with newly diagnosed WHO grade III glioma without 1p/19q co-deletion, ≥ 18 years, and WHO performance status (PS) 0-2. All patients received RT 59.4 Gy in 33 fractions, and in a 2 x 2 factorial design were randomized to: RT alone; RT with concurrent daily 75 mg/m2 TMZ; RT followed with 12 cycles of 150-200 mg/m2 adjuvant TMZ day 1-5/4 weeks; or RT with both concurrent and 12 cycles of adjuvant TMZ. Stratification factors included O6-methyl-guanine DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT) promoter methylation and PS. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). 748 patients and 534 events were needed to detect a HR reduction of 0.775 for both concurrent and adjuvant TMZ. An interim analysis was foreseen after 219 events (41%), and required a p value of 0.0084 for rejecting the Null hypothesis of no OS difference. Results: Between Dec 2007 and Aug 2015 748 patients were randomized. On Oct 6, 2015 the interim analysis was conducted based on 221 events (median follow-up: 27 months). The analysis showed a HR reduction for OS of 0.645 (95% CI 0.450, 0.926; p= 0.0014) after adjuvant TMZ (arms iii and iv). MGMT status could be determined in 74% of patients, and was found methylated in 42% of them. MGMT methylation was prognostic for OS (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38, 0.77; p= 0.001), but at this stage did not predict improved outcome to adjuvant TMZ. For progression free survival (PFS), the risk adjusted HR of adjuvant TMZ was 0.586 (95% CI 0.472, 0.727; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: 12 cycles adjuvant TMZ improve OS in anaplastic glioma without 1p/19q co-deletion. Further follow-up will elucidate the role of concurrent TMZ . Molecular studies to address the impact of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutational status and methylation profiling are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT00626990. [Table: see text]
Polyglutamine length-dependent toxicity from α1ACT inDrosophilamodels of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6
Authors: Tsou Wei-Ling , Qiblawi Sultan H. , Hosking Ryan R. , Gomez Christopher M. , Todi Sokol V.
Published: May 2017

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a neurodegenerative disease that results from abnormal expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat. SCA6 is caused by CAG triplet repeat expansion in the gene CACNA1A, resulting in a polyQ tract of 19-33 in patients. CACNA1A, a bicistronic gene, encodes the α1A calcium channel subunit and the transcription factor, α1ACT. PolyQ expansion in α1ACT causes degeneration in mice. We recently described the first Drosophila models of SCA6 that express α1ACT with a normal (11Q) or hyper-expanded (70Q) polyQ. Here, we report additional α1ACT transgenic flies, which express full-length α1ACT with a 33Q repeat. We show that α1ACT33Q is toxic in Drosophila, but less so than the 70Q version. When expressed everywhere, α1ACT33Q-expressing adults die earlier than flies expressing the normal allele. α1ACT33Q causes retinal degeneration and leads to aggregated species in an age-dependent manner, but at a slower pace than the 70Q counterpart. According to western blots, α1ACT33Q localizes less readily in the nucleus than α1ACT70Q, providing clues into the importance of polyQ tract length on α1ACT localization and its site of toxicity. We expect that these new lines will be highly valuable for future work on SCA6.
Inefficient recruitment of kinesin-1 to melanosomes precludes it from facilitating their transport
Authors: Robinson Christopher L. , Evans Richard D. , Briggs Deborah A. , Ramalho Jose S. , Hume Alistair N.
Published: May 2017

Microtubules and F-actin, and their associated motor proteins, are considered to play complementary roles in long- and short-range organelle transport. However, there is growing appreciation that myosin/F-actin networks can drive long-range transport. In melanocytes, myosin-Va and kinesin-1 have both been proposed as long-range centrifugal transporters moving melanosomes into the peripheral dendrites. Here, we investigated the role of kinesin-1 heavy chain (Kif5b) and its suggested targeting factor Rab1a in transport. We performed confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation, but did not detect Kif5b or Rab1a on melanosomes. Meanwhile functional studies, using siRNA knockdown and dominant negative mutants, did not support a role for Kif5b or Rab1a in melanosome transport. To probe the potential of Kif5b to function in transport, we generated fusion proteins that target active Kif5b to melanosomes and tested their ability to rescue perinuclear clustering in myosin-Va-deficient cells. Expression of these chimeras, but not full-length Kif5b, dispersed melanosomes with similar efficiency to myosin-Va. Our data indicate that kinesin and microtubules can compensate for defects in myosin-Va and actin-based transport in mammals, but that endogenous Kif5b does not have an important role in transport of melanocytes due to its inefficient recruitment to melanosomes.
The flexible clock: predictive and reactive homeostasis, energy balance and the circadian regulation of sleep–wake timing
Authors: Riede Sjaak J. , van der Vinne Vincent , Hut Roelof A.
Published: May 2017

The Darwinian fitness of mammals living in a rhythmic environment depends on endogenous daily (circadian) rhythms in behavior and physiology. Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the circadian regulation of physiology and behavior in mammals. We also review recent efforts to understand circadian flexibility, such as how the phase of activity and rest is altered depending on the encountered environment. We explain why shifting activity to the day is an adaptive strategy to cope with energetic challenges and show how this can reduce thermoregulatory costs. A framework is provided to make predictions about the optimal timing of activity and rest of non-model species for a wide range of habitats. This Review illustrates how the timing of daily rhythms is reciprocally linked to energy homeostasis, and it highlights the importance of this link in understanding daily rhythms in physiology and behavior.
Rats concatenate 22 kHz and 50 kHz calls into a single utterance
Authors: Hernandez Christine , Sabin Mark , Riede Tobias
Published: May 2017

Traditionally, the ultrasonic vocal repertoire of rats is differentiated into 22 kHz and 50 kHz calls, two categories that contain multiple different call types. Although both categories have different functions, they are sometimes produced in the same behavioral context. Here, we investigated the peripheral mechanisms that generate sequences of calls from both categories. Male rats, either sexually experienced or naïve, were exposed to an estrous female. The majority of sexually naïve male rats produced 22 kHz and 50 kHz calls on their first encounter with a female. We recorded subglottal pressure and electromyographic activity of laryngeal muscles and found that male rats sometimes concatenate long 22 kHz calls and 50 kHz trill calls into an utterance produced during a single breath. The qualitatively different laryngeal motor patterns for both call types were produced serially during the same breathing cycle. The finding demonstrates flexibility in the laryngeal–respiratory coordination during ultrasonic vocal production, which has not been previously documented physiologically in non-human mammals. Since only naïve males produced the 22 kHz-trills, it is possible that the production is experience dependent.
Self-Assembly of Hyperbranched Protic Poly(ionic liquid)s with Variable Peripheral Amphiphilicity
Authors: Korolovych Volodymyr F , Erwin Andrew J , Stryutsky Alexandr , Mikan Emily K , Shevchenko Valery V , Tsukruk Vladimir V
Published: May 2017

We demonstrated that the aggregation behavior of hyperbranched amphiphilic protic poly(ionic liquid)s (HBP-ILs) can be controlled by varying not only the number of peripheral hydrophobic arms and nature of counterions. Additionally, increasing the hydrophobicity of the HBP-ILs led to a condensed monolayer phase at the air-water interface. The balance of intermolecular interactions mediated by the presence of the ionic liquid component in the inner shell of micelles determines the final morphology in solution and at interfaces.
Helical Folding of π-Conjugated Polymers Bearing Glucose-Linked Biphenyl Units in the Main Chain: Application to Circularly Polarized Luminescence Materials
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Shimizu Sho , Kudo Tomoya , Maeda Katsuhiro , Kanoh Shigeyoshi
Published: May 2017

We have synthesized a series of chiral π-conjugated polymers bearing glucose-linked biphenyl units in the main chain through copolymerizations of a key diethynyl compound (GLB-1), containing the structural element of naturally-occurring ellagitannin, with various diiodoaryls. The circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence properties of the obtained polymers were investigated in solution and the solid state. Based on a comparative study using the corresponding unimer model compounds, poly-3 and poly-4 bearing (oligo)thiophene-type comonomer units are considered to be able to fold into an excess one-handed helical conformation in solution and the solid state under an appropriate exterior environment. In contrast, analogous polymers bearing p- and m-phenylene residues as comonomer units did not form regular higher-ordered structures. We also observed that poly-3 and poly-4 efficiently emitted left-handed circularly polarized light with a corresponding fluorescence region arising from their helical chirality, and possessed dissymmetry factors of approximately 1.0 × 10−2 for the film state.
From healthcare assistant to student operating department practitioner—are you ready for the ODP challenge?
Authors: Rodger Daniel , Mahoney Chris
Published: May 2017

This article will explore some of the barriers and challenges that a healthcare assistant (HCA) may encounter while on their journey to becoming a student operating department practitioner (ODP).

Working as an HCA is often assumed to give individuals an advantage when considering a move up the healthcare career ladder; however, this may not always be the case. There are a number of unique challenges that prospective students must consider and overcome in order to successfully negotiate the transition to theatre healthcare professional.
UK Chief Nursing Officers: shaping the future of the profession
Authors: Cummings Jane , McArdle Charlotte , McQueen Fiona , White Jean
Published: May 2017

In celebration of International Nurses Day, Jane Cummings, Charlotte McArdle, Fiona McQueen and Jean White, Chief Nursing Officers (CNOs) for England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales
Visual Management for Decision Analysis
Authors: Ishizaka Alessio
Published: May 2017

Visual management has been recently recognized as an excellent way to convey decisions in a clear and convincing way. AHP already used visual techniques for evaluating the pairwise comparisons and performing a sensibility analysis. In this paper, we introduce a new descriptive tool GAIA that can be coupled with AHP in order to visualize the entire problem on a unique plane.https://doi.org/10.13022/ijahp2017.v9.is1.475
Methods for Incorporating Stakeholder Engagement into Clinical Trial Design
Authors: Ehlers Anne P. , Davidson Giana H. , Deeney Kimberly , Talan David A. , Flum David R. , Lavallee Danielle C.
Published: May 2017

Context: Lack of engagement with healthcare stakeholders results in missed
opportunities to understand translation of evidence into practice.Case: Stakeholder
engagement is a key component of the Comparing Outcomes of Drugs and Appendectomy (CODA)
Study, a pragmatic clinical trial funded by PCORI to evaluate the effectiveness of
antibiotics versus urgent appendectomy for acute uncomplicated appendicitis. We provide
a framework for developing a stakeholder coordinating center (SCC) and describe two
examples of how stakeholder engagement can inform study
development.Findings: Coordinating engagement activities through the SCC established a
commitment to the important partnership with stakeholders. It also facilitated
communication and provided a central mechanism for obtaining input on key decisions such
as development of patient-centered consent documents and appropriate stopping rules for
a specific sub-population of patients with appendicitis.Major themes: Translatable
lessons include thoughtful planning for engagement, identifying stakeholders with a
direct interest in the study conduct and findings, and integration of input received
into the decisions that drive the conduct of the study.Conclusions: Standards for
conducting patient-centered research should address the ability to successfully engage
patients by demonstrating the capacity to recruit study participants, engage them over
the duration of the study, and disseminate findings that are congruent with stakeholder
needs. The process of sharing important clinical research findings has improved patient
care, and we believe that dissemination of novel engagement strategies can lead to
increased success in study design and execution.