bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed venous oxygen tension is a crucial prognostic factor in pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nagata Jun , Sekine Ayumi , Tanabe Nobuhiro , Taniguchi Yu , Ishida Keiichi , Shiko Yuki , Sakao Seiichiro , Tatsumi Koichiro , Suzuki Takuji
Published: July 2022

Background

The prognostic value of mixed venous oxygen tension (PvO2) at pulmonary hypertension diagnosis treated with selective pulmonary vasodilators remains unclear. This study sought to investigate the association of PvO2 with long-term prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and medically treated chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and to identify the distinct mechanisms influencing tissue hypoxia in patients with CTEPH or PAH.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from 138 (age: 50.2 ± 16.6 years, 81.9% women) and 268 (age: 57.4 ± 13.1 years, 72.8% women) patients with PAH and CTEPH, respectively, diagnosed at our institution from 1983 to 2018. We analyzed the survival rates of patients with/without tissue hypoxia (PvO2 < 35 mmHg) and identified their prognostic factors based on the pulmonary hypertension risk stratification guidelines.

Results

Survival was significantly poorer in patients with tissue hypoxia than in those without it for PAH (P = 0.001) and CTEPH (P = 0.017) treated with selective pulmonary vasodilators. In patients with PAH, PvO2 more strongly correlated with prognosis than other hemodynamic prognostic factors regardless of selective pulmonary vasodilators usage. PvO2 was the only significant prognostic factor in patients with CTEPH treated with pulmonary hypertension medication. Patients with CTEPH experiencing tissue hypoxia exhibited significantly poorer survival than those in the intervention group (P < 0.001). PvO2 more strongly correlated with the cardiac index (CI) than the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDO2) in PAH; whereas in CTEPH, PvO2 was more strongly correlated with A-aDO2 than with CI.

Conclusions

PvO2 may represent a crucial prognostic factor for pulmonary hypertension. The prognostic impact of tissue hypoxia affects different aspects of PAH and CTEPH, thereby reflecting their distinct pathogenesis.
Is checklist an effective tool for teaching research students? A survey-based study
Authors: Makram Abdelrahman M , Wang Julia , Vaghela Gladson , Gala Dhir , Quan Nguyen Khoi , Duc Nguyen Tran Minh , Imoto Atsuko , Moji Kazuhiko , Huy Nguyen Tien
Published: July 2022

Background

Students face hardships in determining what are the main points that need more studying in every subject. Checklists are one of the ways that can help students identify the most important pieces of information. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed at examining the impact of using educational checklists on the learning process of postgraduate students at Nagasaki University, Japan.

Methods

Thirty-one Master's students, who finished a “how to write a research protocol” course were recruited by sending them an invitation email that had an attached link to a previously developed and tested questionnaire on the SurveyMonkey® platform. After signing the electronic informed consent, twenty-two participants (response rate = 71%) finished the survey. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and expressed in the form of frequencies and percentages.

Results

More than half of the students declared that they know the checklist will be used in the course that we investigated. Only two students used checklists as a means of studying (9%). Twelve students (55%) confirmed that no other courses or lessons in the School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health (TMGH) use checklists. No students found the usage of checklists not easy or not practical to apply. Many students thought the length of the checklist was suitable and not too short (64%), although three students (14%) found it lengthy. Moreover, most students described the checklist as beyond good (86%) and they would recommend using a checklist for teaching other college students (73%).

Conclusion

Using checklists in education can facilitate the learning process, help in memorization, and deepen the concepts being studied. Further studies are required to examine the impact of checklists in teaching undergraduate students and students from other non-healthcare disciplines.
Application of artificial intelligence-based dual-modality analysis combining fundus photography and optical coherence tomography in diabetic retinopathy screening in a community hospital
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Qingchen , Xu Feiping , Wang Shasha , He Jie , Cao Yiting , Shi Fei , Chen Xinjian , Chen Jili
Published: July 2022

Background

To assess the feasibility and clinical utility of artificial intelligence (AI)-based screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular edema (ME) by combining fundus photos and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in a community hospital.

Methods

Fundus photos and OCT images were taken for 600 diabetic patients in a community hospital. Ophthalmologists graded these fundus photos according to the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy (ICDR) Severity Scale as the ground truth. Two existing trained AI models were used to automatically classify the fundus images into DR grades according to ICDR, and to detect concomitant ME from OCT images, respectively. The criteria for referral were DR grades 2–4 and/or the presence of ME. The sensitivity and specificity of AI grading were evaluated. The number of referable DR cases confirmed by ophthalmologists and AI was calculated, respectively.

Results

DR was detected in 81 (13.5%) participants by ophthalmologists and in 94 (15.6%) by AI, and 45 (7.5%) and 53 (8.8%) participants were diagnosed with referable DR by ophthalmologists and by AI, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of AI for detecting DR were 91.67%, 96.92% and 0.944, respectively. For detecting referable DR, the sensitivity, specificity and AUC of AI were 97.78%, 98.38% and 0.981, respectively. ME was detected from OCT images in 49 (8.2%) participants by ophthalmologists and in 57 (9.5%) by AI, and the sensitivity, specificity and AUC of AI were 91.30%, 97.46% and 0.944, respectively. When combining fundus photos and OCT images, the number of referrals identified by ophthalmologists increased from 45 to 75 and from 53 to 85 by AI.

Conclusion

AI-based DR screening has high sensitivity and specificity and may feasibly improve the referral rate of community DR.
CircGPR137B/miR-4739/FTO feedback loop suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Lianyong , Gu Mingjun , Ma Junhua , Wang Ying , Li Miao , Wang Hui , Yin Xin , Li Xiangqi
Published: July 2022

Background

Emerging evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) and m6A RNA methylation participate in the pathogenesis and metastasis of multiple malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it remains undocumented how circRNAs form a feedback loop with the m6A modification contributing to HCC.

Methods

A novel hsa_circ_0017114 (circGPR137B) was identified from three pairs of primary HCC and adjacent normal tissues by circRNA expression profiling. The association of circGPR137B and miR-4739 with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in patients with HCC was analyzed by RT-qPCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization and TCGA cohorts. The role of circGPR137B in HCC was estimated in vitro and in vivo. RT-qPCR, western blot, m6A dot blot, RIP, MeRIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to validate the reciprocal regulation of the feedback loop among circGPR137B, miR-4739 and m6A demethylase FTO. Meanwhile, the expression, function and prognosis of FTO in HCC were investigated by RT-qPCR, western blot, TCGA and rescue experiments.

Results

We identified a new dramatically downregulated circGPR137B in HCC tissues, and found that downregulation of circGPR137B or upregulation of miR-4739 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Ectopic expression of circGPR137B strikingly repressed the proliferation, colony formation and invasion, whereas knockdown of circGPR137B harbored the opposite effects. Moreover, restored expression of circGPR137B inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Further investigations showed that circGPR137B, co-localized with miR-4739 in the cytoplasm, acted as a sponge for miR-4739 to upregulate its target FTO, which mediated m6A demethylation of circGPR137B and promoted its expression. Thus, a feedback loop comprising circGPR137B/miR-4739/FTO axis was formed. FTO suppressed cell growth and indicated favorable survival in patients with HCC.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that circGPR137B inhibits HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis through the circGPR137B/miR-4739/FTO feedback loop. This positive feedback mechanism executed by functional coupling between a circRNA sponge and an m6A modification event suggests a model for epigenetics.
Recent advances in smart nanoplatforms for tumor non-interventional embolization therapy
Authors: Dong Heng , Yang Dongliang , Hu Yanling , Song Xuejiao
Published: July 2022

Tumor embolization therapy has attracted great attention due to its high efficiency in inhibiting tumor growth by cutting off tumor nutrition and oxygen supply by the embolic agent. Although transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is the mainstream technique in the clinic, there are still some limitations to be considered, especially the existence of high risks and complications. Recently, nanomaterials have drawn wide attention in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and new types of therapies, such as photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy, owing to their unique optical, thermal, convertible and in vivo transport properties. Furthermore, the utilization of nanoplatforms in tumor non-interventional embolization therapy has attracted the attention of researchers. Herein, the recent advances in this area are summarized in this review, which revealed three different types of nanoparticle strategies: (1) nanoparticles with active targeting effects or stimuli responsiveness (ultrasound and photothermal) for the safe delivery and responsive release of thrombin; (2) tumor microenvironment (copper and phosphate, acidity and GSH/H2O2)-responsive nanoparticles for embolization therapy with high specificity; and (3) peptide-based nanoparticles with mimic functions and excellent biocompatibility for tumor embolization therapy. The benefits and limitations of each kind of nanoparticle in tumor non-interventional embolization therapy will be highlighted. Investigations of nanoplatforms are undoubtedly of great significance, and some advanced nanoplatform systems have arrived at a new height and show potential applications in practical applications.
Ablation of Siglec-E augments brain inflammation and ischemic injury
Authors: Li Lexiao , Chen Yu , Sluter Madison N. , Hou Ruida , Hao Jiukuan , Wu Yin , Chen Guo-Yun , Yu Ying , Jiang Jianxiong
Published: July 2022

Sialic acid immunoglobulin-like lectin E (Siglec-E) is a subtype of pattern recognition receptors found on the surface of myeloid cells and functions as a key immunosuppressive checkpoint molecule. The engagement between Siglec-E and the ligand α2,8-linked disialyl glycans activates the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in its intracellular domain, mitigating the potential risk of autoimmunity amid innate immune attacks on parasites, bacteria, and carcinoma. Recent studies suggest that Siglec-E is also expressed in the CNS, particularly microglia, the brain-resident immune cells. However, the functions of Siglec-E in brain inflammation and injuries under many neurological conditions largely remain elusive. In this study, we first revealed an anti-inflammatory role for Siglec-E in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered microglial activation. We then found that Siglec-E was induced within the brain by systemic treatment with LPS in mice in a dose-dependent manner, while its ablation exacerbated hippocampal reactive microgliosis in LPS-treated animals. The genetic deficiency of Siglec-E also aggravated oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neuronal death in mouse primary cortical cultures containing both neurons and glial cells. Moreover, Siglec-E expression in ipsilateral brain tissues was substantially induced following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Lastly, the neurological deficits and brain infarcts were augmented in Siglec-E knockout mice after moderate MCAO when compared to wild-type animals. Collectively, our findings suggest that the endogenous inducible Siglec-E plays crucial anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles following ischemic stroke, and thus might underlie an intrinsic mechanism of resolution of inflammation and self-repair in the brain.
Evaluation of T-cell aging-related immune phenotypes in the context of biological aging and multimorbidity in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Ramasubramanian Ramya , Meier Helen C. S. , Vivek Sithara , Klopack Eric , Crimmins Eileen M. , Faul Jessica , Nikolich-Žugich Janko , Thyagarajan Bharat
Published: July 2022

Background

Cellular changes in adaptive immune system accompany the process of aging and contribute to an aging-related immune phenotype (ARIP) characterized by decrease in naïve T-cells (TN) and increase in memory T-cells (TM). A population-representative marker of ARIP and its associations with biological aging and age-related chronic conditions have not been studied previously.

Methods

We developed two ARIP indicators based on well understood age-related changes in T cell distribution: TN/(TCM(Central Memory) + TEM(Effector Memory) + TEFF(Effector)) (referred as TN/TM) in CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells. We compared them with existing ARIP measures including CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8 + TN cells by evaluating associations with chronological age and the Klemera Doubal measure of biological age (measured in years) using linear regression, multimorbidity using multinomial logistic regression and two-year mortality using logistic regression.

Results

CD8 + TNand CD8 + TN/TMhad the strongest inverse association with chronological age (beta estimates: -3.41 and -3.61 respectively;p-value < 0.0001) after adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity and CMV status. CD4 + TN/TMand CD4 + TN had the strongest inverse association with biological age (β = -0.23;p = 0.003 and β = -0.24;p = 0.004 respectively) after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity and CMV serostatus. CD4/CD8 ratio was not associated with chronological age or biological age. CD4 + TN/TMand CD4 + TNwas inversely associated with multimorbidity. For CD4 + TN/TM, people with 2 chronic conditions had an odds ratio of for 0.74 (95%CI: 0.63–0.86p = 0.0003) compared to those without any chronic conditions while those with 3 chronic conditions had an odds ratio of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.63–0.90;p = 0.003) after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, CMV serostatus, smoking, and BMI. The results for the CD4 + TNsubset were very similar to the associations seen with the CD4 + TN/TM. CD4 + TN/TMand CD4 + TNwere both associated with two-year mortality (OR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.67–0.95;p = 0.01) and 0.81 (0.70–0.94;p = 0.01), respectively).

Conclusion

CD4 + TN/TMand CD4 + TNhad a stronger association with biological age, age-related morbidity and mortality compared to other ARIP measures. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the utility of the CD4 + subsets in predicting the risk of aging-related outcomes.
Grouping MWCNTs based on their similar potential to cause pulmonary hazard after inhalation: a case-study
Authors: Murphy Fiona , Jacobsen Nicklas Raun , Di Ianni Emilio , Johnston Helinor , Braakhuis Hedwig , Peijnenburg Willie , Oomen Agnes , Fernandes Teresa , Stone Vicki
Published: July 2022

Background

The EU-project GRACIOUS developed an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA) to support grouping high aspect ratio nanomaterials (HARNs) presenting a similar inhalation hazard. Application of grouping reduces the need to assess toxicity on a case-by-case basis and supports read-across of hazard data from substances that have the data required for risk assessment (source) to those that lack such data (target). The HARN IATA, based on the fibre paradigm for pathogenic fibres, facilitates structured data gathering to propose groups of similar HARN and to support read-across by prompting users to address relevant questions regarding HARN morphology, biopersistence and inflammatory potential. The IATA is structured in tiers, allowing grouping decisions to be made using simple in vitro or in silico methods in Tier1 progressing to in vivo approaches at the highest Tier3. Here we present a case-study testing the applicability of GRACIOUS IATA to form an evidence-based group of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) posing a similar predicted fibre-hazard, to support read-across and reduce the burden of toxicity testing.

Results

The case-study uses data on 15 different MWCNT, obtained from the published literature. By following the IATA, a group of 2 MWCNT was identified (NRCWE006 and NM-401) based on a high degree of similarity. A pairwise similarity assessment was subsequently conducted between the grouped MWCNT to evaluate the potential to conduct read-across and fill data gaps required for regulatory hazard assessment. The similarity assessment, based on expert judgement of Tier 1 assay results, predicts both MWCNT are likely to cause a similar acute in vivo hazard. This result supports the possibility for read-across of sub-chronic and chronic hazard endpoint data for lung fibrosis and carcinogenicity between the 2 grouped MWCNT. The implications of accepting the similarity assessment based on expert judgement of the MWCNT group are considered to stimulate future discussion on the level of similarity between group members considered sufficient to allow regulatory acceptance of a read-across argument.

Conclusion

This proof-of-concept case-study demonstrates how a grouping hypothesis and IATA may be used to support a nuanced and evidence-based grouping of ‘similar’ MWCNT and the subsequent interpolation of data between group members to streamline the hazard assessment process.
How sports clubs decide to adopt an outdoor smoke-free policy: a qualitative study applying the Garbage Can Model
Authors: Garritsen Heike H. , Rozema Andrea D. , van de Goor Ien A. M. , Kunst Anton E.
Published: July 2022

Background

Outdoor smoke-free policies (SFPs) at sports clubs can contribute to protecting people from second-hand smoke (SHS). However, in absence of national legislation, it is uncertain whether and how sports clubs decide to adopt an SFP. The aim of this study was to explore the decision-making process at sports clubs in relation to the adoption of an outdoor SFP.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were held with key stakeholders at 20 Dutch sports clubs (in field hockey, football, tennis, or korfball) with an outdoor SFP. Thematic analysis was applied, and themes were defined in line with the four streams of the Garbage Can Model (GCM).

Results

We identified four motivating factors for sports clubs to start the decision-making process: 1) SHS as a problem, 2) intolerance of smoking behavior, 3) advantages of an outdoor SFP, and 4) external pressure to become smoke-free. The decision-making process involved a variety of participants, but the board, influential club members, and smokers usually played major roles. Decisions were discussed during both formal and informal choice opportunities, but only made during formal choice opportunities. With regard to solutions, sports clubs adopted a partial or total outdoor SFP. In addition, sports clubs followed different strategies with regard to the decision-making process, which we classified along two dimensions: 1) autocratic vs. democratic and 2) fast vs. slow.

Conclusion

A number of factors motivated sports clubs to start the decision-making process. These factors were mainly linked to a strong non-smoking norm. Decision-making involved different participants, with a key role for the board, influential club members, and smokers. Governments and other external organizations may contribute to SFP adoption at sports clubs in several ways. They may advise clubs on strategies of decision-making and how to involve smokers in this process.
Long-term cognitive functioning is impaired in ICU-treated COVID-19 patients: a comprehensive controlled neuropsychological study
Authors: Ollila Henriikka , Pihlaja Riikka , Koskinen Sanna , Tuulio-Henriksson Annamari , Salmela Viljami , Tiainen Marjaana , Hokkanen Laura , Hästbacka Johanna
Published: July 2022

Background

Cognitive impairment has emerged as a common post-acute sequela of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We hypothesised that cognitive impairment exists in patients after COVID-19 and that it is most severe in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

This prospective controlled cohort study of 213 participants performed at the Helsinki University Hospital and the University of Helsinki, Finland, comprised three groups of patients—ICU-treated (n = 72), ward-treated (n = 49), and home-isolated (n = 44)—with confirmed COVID-19 between March 13 and December 31, 2020, participating in a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation six months after the acute phase. Our study included a control group with no history of COVID-19 (n = 48). Medical and demographic data were collected from electronic patient records and interviews carried out four months after the acute phase. Questionnaires filled six months after the acute phase provided information about change in cognitive functioning observed by a close informant, as well as the presence of self-reported depressive and post-traumatic symptoms.

Results

The groups differed (effect size η2p = 0.065, p = 0.004) in the total cognitive score, calculated from neuropsychological measures in three domains (attention, executive functions, and memory). Both ICU-treated (p = 0.011) and ward-treated patients (p = 0.005) performed worse than home-isolated patients. Among those with more than 12 years of education, ICU-treated patients performed worse in the attention domain than ward-treated patients (p = 0.021) or non-COVID controls (p = 0.045); ICU-treated male patients, in particular, were impaired in executive functions (p = 0.037).

Conclusions

ICU-treated COVID-19 patients, compared to patients with less severe acute COVID-19 or non-COVID controls, showed more severe long-term cognitive impairment. Among those with more than 12 years of education, impairment existed particularly in the domains of attention and for men, of executive functions.

Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04864938, retrospectively registered February 9, 2021
A prospective randomised controlled trial of mechanical axis with soft tissue release balancing vs functional alignment with bony resection balancing in total knee replacement—a study using Stryker Mako robotic arm-assisted technology
Authors: Young Simon W. , Zeng Nina , Tay Mei Lin , Fulker David , Esposito Christina , Carter Matthew , Bayan Ali , Farrington Bill , Van Rooyen Rupert , Walker Matthew
Published: July 2022

Background

Improving the functional outcome following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by using different alignment techniques remains controversial. The surgical techniques and technologies used so far to obtain these alignments have all suffered from inaccuracies. The use of robotic technology to plan and execute the bony resection provides increased accuracy for these various alignment techniques and may determine which will deliver superior function. Functional alignment (FA) is a newer surgical technique that aims to position the prosthesis with respect to each patients’ specific bony anatomy whilst minimising disruption to the soft tissue envelope. This trial aims to compare the patient and surgical outcomes of FA to the current gold standard surgical technique, mechanical alignment (MA), under randomised and blinded conditions.

Methods

Patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis will be prospectively recruited. Following informed consent, 240 patients will be randomised to either a MA surgical technique (the control group) or a FA surgical technique (the intervention group) at a ratio of 4:1 using a random number generator. All patients will undergo computer tomography (CT) based robotic arm-assisted surgery to execute planned implant positioning and alignment with high levels of accuracy. The primary outcome is the forgotten joint score (FJS) at 2 years post-operation. Secondary outcome measures include patient reported outcome measures of post-operative rehabilitation, pain, function and satisfaction, as well as limb alignment, implant revisions and adverse events. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol population analysis will also be conducted. Standardisation of the surgical system and care pathways will minimise variation and assist in both patient and physiotherapist blinding. Ethical approval was obtained from the Northern B Health and Disability Ethics Committee (20/NTB/10).

Discussion

Currently, MA remains the gold standard in knee replacement due to proven outcomes and excellent long-term survivorship. There are many alternative alignment techniques in the literature, all with the goal of improving patient outcomes. This study is unique in that it leverages an advanced analytics tool to assist the surgeon in achieving balance. Both alignment techniques will be executed with high precision using the CT-based robotic arm-assisted surgery system which will minimise surgical variation. This trial design will help determine if FA delivers superior outcomes for patients.

Trial registration

Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12620000009910. Registered on 9 January 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04600583. Registered on 29 September 2020.
Impact on mental health and wellbeing in Indigenous communities due to land loss resulting from industrial resource development: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Burns Nicole , Linton Janice , Pollock Nathaniel J. , Brubacher Laura Jane , Green Nadia , Keeling Arn , Latta Alex , Martin Jessica , Rand Jenny , Morton Ninomiya Melody E.
Published: July 2022

Background

Indigenous Peoples are impacted by industrial resource development that takes place on, or near, their communities. Existing literature on impacts of industrial resource development on Indigenous Peoples primarily focus on physical health outcomes and rarely focus on the mental health impacts. To understand the full range of long-term and anticipated health impacts of industrial resource development on Indigenous communities, mental health impacts must be examined. It is well-established that there is a connection between the environment and Indigenous wellbeing, across interrelated dimensions of mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual health.

Methods

This paper identifies how the Community Advisory Team and a team of Indigenous and settler scholars will conduct the review. The literature search will use the OVID interface to search Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Global Health databases. Non-indexed peer-reviewed journals related to Indigenous health or research will be scanned. Books and book chapters will be identified in the Scopus and PsycINFO databases. The grey literature search will also include Google and be limited to reports published by government, academic, and non-profit organizations. Reference lists of key publications will be checked for additional relevant publications, including theses, dissertations, reports, and other articles not retrieved in the online searches. Additional sources may be recommended by team members. Included documents will focus on Indigenous Peoples in North America, South America, Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, and Circumpolar regions, research that reports on mental health, and research that is based on land loss connected to dams, mines, agriculture, or petroleum development. Literature that meets the inclusion criteria will be screened at the title/abstract and full-text stages by two team members in Covidence. The included literature will be rated with a quality appraisal tool and information will be extracted by two team members; a consensus of information will be reached and be submitted for analysis.

Discussion

The synthesized evidence from this review is relevant for land use policy, health impact assessments, economic development, mental health service planning, and communities engaging in development projects.

Systematic review registration

Registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; Registration numberCRD42021253720)
Categorizing distributed wind energy installations in the United States to inform research and stakeholder priorities
Authors: Preziuso Danielle , Orrell Alice , Lantz Eric
Published: July 2022

Background

Distributed wind energy adoption in the United States can contribute to the diverse portfolio of energy technologies needed to achieve ambitious decarbonization goals. However, with limited deployment to date, the current distributed wind market must be better understood; these efforts will support the range of stakeholders who will drive successful deployment. This article first distinguishes three categories of distributed wind from existing literature: (1) behind the meter, (2) intended for explicit local load, and (3) physically distributed. A novel methodology to classify individual wind installations into each of these categories is then presented and applied to two data sets of wind installations in the United States to categorize and illuminate distinct segments in the distributed wind market.

Results

Physically distributed installations, constituted by small to moderately sized projects serving local loads on distribution systems solely because of their proximity to them, account for the highest amount of capacity but the lowest number of installations out of the three categories. The inverse is true for behind-the-meter installations, which are used to serve on-site loads. Installations intended for explicit local load, which are interconnected on the utility side of the distribution system and intentionally built to provide energy to loads on the same distribution system, rank in the middle for both installed capacity and number of installations.

Conclusions

Distributed wind energy deployment in the United States is geographically widespread, but the extent to which a single category is developed in each state varies. Policies, wind resources, and broad energy technology trends contribute to these deployment patterns. By identifying the extent to which each category of installations exists, decision-makers are empowered with data necessary to tailor research and development programs and address stakeholder priorities through policy and other means, ultimately supporting future deployment.
Structure and specialization of mycorrhizal networks in phylogenetically diverse tropical communities
Authors: Perez-Lamarque Benoît , Petrolli Rémi , Strullu-Derrien Christine , Strasberg Dominique , Morlon Hélène , Selosse Marc-André , Martos Florent
Published: July 2022

Background

The root mycobiome plays a fundamental role in plant nutrition and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. In temperate forests or meadows dominated by angiosperms, the numerous fungi involved in root symbioses are often shared between neighboring plants, thus forming complex plant-fungus interaction networks of weak specialization. Whether this weak specialization also holds in rich tropical communities with more phylogenetically diverse sets of plant lineages remains unknown. We collected roots of 30 plant species in semi-natural tropical communities including angiosperms, ferns, and lycophytes, in three different habitat types on La Réunion island: a recent lava flow, a wet thicket, and an ericoid shrubland. We identified root-inhabiting fungi by sequencing both the 18S rRNA and the ITS2 variable regions. We assessed the diversity of mycorrhizal fungal taxa according to plant species and lineages, as well as the structure and specialization of the resulting plant-fungus networks.

Results

The 18S and ITS2 datasets are highly complementary at revealing the root mycobiota. According to 18S, Glomeromycotina colonize all plant groups in all habitats forming the least specialized interactions, resulting in nested network structures, while Mucoromycotina (Endogonales) are more abundant in the wetland and show higher specialization and modularity compared to the former. According to ITS2, mycorrhizal fungi of Ericaceae and Orchidaceae, namely Helotiales, Sebacinales, and Cantharellales, also colonize the roots of most plant lineages, confirming that they are frequent endophytes. While Helotiales and Sebacinales present intermediate levels of specialization, Cantharellales are more specialized and more sporadic in their interactions with plants, resulting in highly modular networks.

Conclusions

This study of the root mycobiome in tropical environments reinforces the idea that mycorrhizal fungal taxa are locally shared between co-occurring plants, including phylogenetically distant plants (e.g. lycophytes and angiosperms), where they may form functional mycorrhizae or establish endophytic colonization. Yet, we demonstrate that, irrespectively of the environmental variations, the level of specialization significantly varies according to the fungal lineages, probably reflecting the different evolutionary origins of these plant-fungus symbioses. Frequent fungal sharing between plants questions the roles of the different fungi in community functioning and highlights the importance of considering networks of interactions rather than isolated hosts.
Improving the health-related quality of life of adult Nigerians living with cancer and their family caregivers: intervention development
Authors: Gabriel Israel , Creedy Debra , McGuire Amanda , Coyne Elisabeth
Published: July 2022

Background

Evidence for the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the health-related quality of life of people living with cancer and/or family members is compelling. However, most interventional research has been conducted in high-income countries, and no intervention had been tested in low-income countries such as Nigeria. It is critical to design a culturally theory-based intervention in a resource-poor setting to address the needs and support coping strategies of cancer patients and their family caregivers.

Methods

Theory, evidence, and practical issues were considered. The Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and Behaviour Change Wheel provided the framework for intervention design. Findings generated by a needs assessment of adult Nigerians with cancer and their family caregivers and relevant theories (the Spirituality and the Supportive Care Framework for Cancer) informed content development.

Results

A theory-based, culturally tailored socio-spiritual intervention was developed to address the specific needs of adult Nigerians with cancer and their family caregivers. A 4-week intervention included strategies designed to improve social and spiritual support, information and health literacy, and health-related quality of life.

Conclusions

A systemic approach was used to conceptualise an evidence-based and theory-informed intervention tailored to address previously identified shortfalls in support available to adults living with cancer and their family caregivers, in Nigeria. If implemented and effective, such an intervention has the potential to improve the health-related quality of life of people living with cancer and their families in Nigeria.
Evaluation parameters for evidence-based practices for people with autism spectrum disorder: a narrative review of group and single-subject design studies
Authors: da Hora Cássia Leal , Sella Ana Carolina
Published: July 2022

Recommendations for using evidence-based practices have become increasingly common in services for individuals diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to conduct a narrative literature review to identify differences and similarities in evidence-evaluation criteria for group and single-subject designs that empirically support interventions for people with ASD. Data sources used in this analysis were reports and articles elaborated by different clearinghouses (i.e., National Autism Center, National Professional Development Center, and the National Clearinghouse on Autism Evidence and Practice). The criteria for evaluating evidence, as defined by these documents, contained specific components or quality indicators for each type of study design. The different criteria for evaluating evidence and for classifying the interventions (once evidence was evaluated) were identified and described. This manuscript discusses the need for (a) expanding the analysis beyond the evidence identified by different researchers and organizations such as the clearinghouses, (b) proposing interventions that are based not only on scientific evidence but also on social validity — which is directed by client idiosyncrasies, and (c) attention to the fact that EBPs should not be seen as static information regarding interventions with empirical support: evidence-based practices are the result of constant analysis of the intervention implementation data added to professional training and client values and context. Some additional issues and the study limitations are also presented.
Advances in understanding the soil-borne viruses of wheat: from the laboratory bench to strategies for disease control in the field
Authors: Yang Jian , Liu Peng , Zhong Kaili , Ge Tida , Chen Lu , Hu Haichao , Zhang Tianye , Zhang Haoqing , Guo Jun , Sun Bingjian , Chen Jianping
Published: July 2022

In China, soil-borne viruses transmitted by the root parasite Polymyxa graminis have caused significant yield loss in winter wheat for many years. At present, it is believed that two main soil-borne RNA viruses, namely wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) and Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) are responsible for such losses. The molecular characteristics and infection processes of these two viruses have been intensively investigated and described substantially in detail, following the complete sequencing of their respective genomes. In this review, we highlight our recent findings on the distribution of WYMV and CWMV in China, the associated crop damage, the biological functions of WYMV and CWMV proteins as well as the viral temperature sensitivities. We also describe the characteristics of the resistance genes and discuss the novel virus–plant arms race strategies in hope of enlarging our understanding on the theme of virus-plant interactions. Finally, we compare current disease-management options and suggest the application of biotechnology-based genetic resistance to develop more cost-effective countermeasures for controlling soil-borne virus diseases in the future.
CTNNB1 polymorphism (rs121913407) in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in Egyptian hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Abdel-Wahed Marwa A. , Amer Eman Mohamed Abdel Rahman , Mahmoud Ramy Mohamed , Montasser Iman Fawzy , Massoud Yassmin M. , Hamdy Perihan , Hassan Safeya Hamdy Zakaria
Published: July 2022

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth in Egypt. Persistent inflammation and specific somatic mutations in driving genes play a major role in the development of HCC. One of these somatic mutations is CTNNB1 mutations with subsequent activation of β-catenin in HCC, associated with a risk of malignant transformation. In this study, we investigate the clinical utility of peripheral blood circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) CTNNB1 (rs121913407) in HCC patients compared to pathological chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients and healthy controls.

Methods

Our study is a case-control study at the Ain Shams Centre for Organ Transplantation, Ain Shams University Hospitals, enrolling twenty-eight adult HCC patients (twelve early HCC patients and sixteen advanced HCC patients), ten patients with chronic hepatitis C as a disease control group, and ten healthy controls. We collected plasma and stored at −80 °C. We detected mutations in the gene locus CTNNB1 rs121913407 by real-time PCR.

Results

All of our studied cases (early and advanced HCC) in addition to HCV and healthy control groups were CTNNB1 wild (TT) genotype. There was statistical significant difference between early and late cases of HCC as regards AFP and AST.

Conclusions

None of our recruited subjects showed CTNNB1 rs121913407 gene mutation. Further studies on larger number of patients are needed to clarify and confirm the clinical utility of CTNNB1 single-nucleotide polymorphism in the pathogenesis of HCC related to HCV in Egyptian population.
CRISPR-Cas systems target endogenous genes to impact bacterial physiology and alter mammalian immune responses
Authors: Wu Qun , Cui Luqing , Liu Yingying , Li Rongpeng , Dai Menghong , Xia Zhenwei , Wu Min
Published: July 2022

CRISPR-Cas systems are an immune defense mechanism that is widespread in archaea and bacteria against invasive phages or foreign genetic elements. In the last decade, CRISPR-Cas systems have been a leading gene-editing tool for agriculture (plant engineering), biotechnology, and human health (e.g., diagnosis and treatment of cancers and genetic diseases), benefitted from unprecedented discoveries of basic bacterial research. However, the functional complexity of CRISPR systems is far beyond the original scope of immune defense. CRISPR-Cas systems are implicated in influencing the expression of physiology and virulence genes and subsequently altering the formation of bacterial biofilm, drug resistance, invasive potency as well as bacterial own physiological characteristics. Moreover, increasing evidence supports that bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems might intriguingly influence mammalian immune responses through targeting endogenous genes, especially those relating to virulence; however, unfortunately, their underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. Nevertheless, the interaction between bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems and eukaryotic cells is complex with numerous mysteries that necessitate further investigation efforts. Here, we summarize the non-canonical functions of CRISPR-Cas that potentially impact bacterial physiology, pathogenicity, antimicrobial resistance, and thereby altering the courses of mammalian immune responses.
Real-world effectiveness of aripiprazole once-monthly REACT study: Pooled analysis of two noninterventional studies
Authors: Schöttle Daniel , Clerzius Guerline , Janetzky Wolfgang , Oluboka Oloruntoba , Roy Marc-André , Therrien François , Wiedemann Klaus
Published: July 2022

Background

Noninterventional naturalistic studies are an important complement to randomized controlled trials. Aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM) is an atypical antipsychotic in a long-acting injectable formulation.

Methods

A pooled analysis of two noninterventional studies was undertaken to validate previous results on AOM effectiveness and safety in a larger population and improve statistical power for preplanned subgroup analyses. We analyzed data from 409 patients with schizophrenia who were treated with AOM and were enrolled in noninterventional studies in Germany (via noninterventional studies registry 15,960 N) and Canada (NCT02131415). Data collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months were analyzed. Among the endpoints were psychopathology (brief psychiatric rating scale [BPRS]) and disease severity (clinical global impression [CGI]).

Results

Mean patient age was 38.9 (SD 14.8) years, and 59.9% were male. BPRS decreased from 48.1 (SD 15.6) at baseline to 36.5 (SD 13.7) at month 6 (p < 0.001). CGI decreased from 4.47 (SD 0.90) at baseline to 3.64 (SD 1.16) at month 6 (p < 0.001). A total of 54.4% were responders (at least 20% reduction) on the BPRS, and 56.5% had a CGI-S-score that was at least 1 level better than baseline. A total of 43.4% were considered responders on both the BPRS and CGI scales. A total of 45.2% were considered in remission. Adverse events were rare and corresponded to the previously known safety profile of AOM.

Conclusions

Treatment with AOM for patients with schizophrenia appeared effective and safe under real-life conditions.
Effectiveness of Intensive Versus Minimalist Follow-Up Regimen on Survival in Patients With Endometrial Cancer (TOTEM Study): A Randomized, Pragmatic, Parallel Group, Multicenter Trial
Authors: Zola Paolo , Ciccone Giovannino , Piovano Elisa , Fuso Luca , Di Cuonzo Daniela , Castiglione Anna , Pagano Eva , Peirano Elena , Landoni Fabio , Sartori Enrico , Narducci Fabrice , Bertetto Oscar , Ferrero Annamaria ,   the TOTEM Collaborative Group
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE

In the absence of clear evidence from randomized trials, the intensity of follow-up regimens after surgical treatment of endometrial cancer is highly variable in clinical practice. To reduce this uncertainty, we conducted a randomized trial to test whether an intensive (INT) versus a minimalist (MIN) follow-up regimen improves overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing operation for endometrial cancer.

METHODS

The TOTEM study was a large, pragmatic randomized trial, conducted in 42 hospitals (in Italy and France) including patients surgically treated for endometrial cancer, in complete clinical remission, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I-IV. After stratification by center and risk of relapse (low or high), patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to INT or MIN hospital-based follow-up regimens. The study was powered to demonstrate an absolute improvement of 5% of the 5-year OS with the INT regimen.

RESULTS

In total, 1,871 patients were randomly assigned between November 2008 and July 2018, and 1,847 patients (98.7%) were available for the final analysis (60% low risk). After a median follow-up of 69 months, the 5-year OS was 90.6% in the INT and 91.9% in the MIN arms (hazard ratio, 1.13, 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.50, P = .380). No differences in OS were found in subgroup analyses considering age, cancer treatment, risk of relapse, and degree of adherence of the center to the scheduled follow-up. The probability of detecting a relapse was slightly higher in the INT arm (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.48; P = .194).

CONCLUSION

An INT follow-up in endometrial cancer–treated patients does not improve OS, even in high-risk patients. According to available evidence, there is no need to routinely add vaginal cytology, laboratory, or imaging investigations to the MIN regimens used in this trial.
Dissimilarity-based filtering and compression of complex weighted networks
Authors: Jiang Yuanxiang , Li Meng , Di Zengru
Published: July 2022

As a classical problem, network filtering or compression, obtaining a subgraph by removing certain nodes and edges in the network, has great significance in revealing the important information under the complex network. Some present filtering approaches adopting local properties usually use limited or incomplete network information, resulting in missing or underestimating a lot of information in the network. In this paper, we propose a new network filtering and compression algorithm based on network similarity. This algorithm aims at finding a subnetwork with the minimum dissimilarity from the original one. In the meantime, it will retain comprehensively structural and functional information of the original network as much as possible. In detail, we use a simulated annealing algorithm to find an optimal solution of the above minimum problem. Compared with several existing network filtering algorithms on synthetic and real-world networks, the results show that our method can retain the properties better, especially on distance-dependent attributes and network with stronger heterogeneity.