bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photogrammetric 3D Model via Smartphone GNSS Sensor: Workflow, Error Estimate, and Best Practices
Authors: Tavani Stefano , Pignalosa Antonio , Corradetti Amerigo , Mercuri Marco , Smeraglia Luca , Riccardi Umberto , Seers Thomas , Pavlis Terry , Billi Andrea
Published: November 2020

Geotagged smartphone photos can be employed to build digital terrain models using structure from motion-multiview stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry. Accelerometer, magnetometer, and gyroscope sensors integrated within consumer-grade smartphones can be used to record the orientation of images, which can be combined with location information provided by inbuilt global navigation satellite system (GNSS) sensors to geo-register the SfM-MVS model. The accuracy of these sensors is, however, highly variable. In this work, we use a 200 m-wide natural rocky cliff as a test case to evaluate the impact of consumer-grade smartphone GNSS sensor accuracy on the registration of SfM-MVS models. We built a high-resolution 3D model of the cliff, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for image acquisition and ground control points (GCPs) located using a differential GNSS survey for georeferencing. This 3D model provides the benchmark against which terrestrial SfM-MVS photogrammetry models, built using smartphone images and registered using built-in accelerometer/gyroscope and GNSS sensors, are compared. Results show that satisfactory post-processing registrations of the smartphone models can be attained, requiring: (1) wide acquisition areas (scaling with GNSS error) and (2) the progressive removal of misaligned images, via an iterative process of model building and error estimation.
High-Throughput Phenotyping of Soybean Maturity Using Time Series UAV Imagery and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Trevisan Rodrigo , Pérez Osvaldo , Schmitz Nathan , Diers Brian , Martin Nicolas
Published: November 2020

Soybean maturity is a trait of critical importance for the development of new soybean cultivars, nevertheless, its characterization based on visual ratings has many challenges. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) imagery-based high-throughput phenotyping methodologies have been proposed as an alternative to the traditional visual ratings of pod senescence. However, the lack of scalable and accurate methods to extract the desired information from the images remains a significant bottleneck in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to develop an image-based high-throughput phenotyping system for evaluating soybean maturity in breeding programs. Images were acquired twice a week, starting when the earlier lines began maturation until the latest ones were mature. Two complementary convolutional neural networks (CNN) were developed to predict the maturity date. The first using a single date and the second using the five best image dates identified by the first model. The proposed CNN architecture was validated using more than 15,000 ground truth observations from five trials, including data from three growing seasons and two countries. The trained model showed good generalization capability with a root mean squared error lower than two days in four out of five trials. Four methods of estimating prediction uncertainty showed potential at identifying different sources of errors in the maturity date predictions. The architecture developed solves limitations of previous research and can be used at scale in commercial breeding programs.
Implementation of Artificial Intelligence Based Ensemble Models for Gully Erosion Susceptibility Assessment
Authors: Chowdhuri Indrajit , Pal Subodh Chandra , Arabameri Alireza , Saha Asish , Chakrabortty Rabin , Blaschke Thomas , Pradhan Biswajeet , Band Shahab. S.
Published: November 2020

The Rarh Bengal region in West Bengal, particularly the eastern fringe area of the Chotanagpur plateau, is highly prone to water-induced gully erosion. In this study, we analyzed the spatial patterns of a potential gully erosion in the Gandheswari watershed. This area is highly affected by monsoon rainfall and ongoing land-use changes. This combination causes intensive gully erosion and land degradation. Therefore, we developed gully erosion susceptibility maps (GESMs) using the machine learning (ML) algorithms boosted regression tree (BRT), Bayesian additive regression tree (BART), support vector regression (SVR), and the ensemble of the SVR-Bee algorithm. The gully erosion inventory maps are based on a total of 178 gully head-cutting points, taken as the dependent factor, and gully erosion conditioning factors, which serve as the independent factors. We validated the ML model results using the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy (ACC), true skill statistic (TSS), and Kappa coefficient index. The AUC result of the BRT, BART, SVR, and SVR-Bee models are 0.895, 0.902, 0.927, and 0.960, respectively, which show very good GESM accuracies. The ensemble model provides more accurate prediction results than any single ML model used in this study.
Evaluation of Strain Transition Properties between Cast-In Fibre Bragg Gratings and Cast Aluminium during Uniaxial Straining
Authors: Heilmeier Florian , Koos Robert , Singer Michael , Bauer Constantin , Hornberger Peter , Hiller Jochen , Volk Wolfram
Published: November 2020

Current testing methods are capable of measuring strain near the surface on structural parts, for example by using strain gauges. However, stress peaks often occur within the material and can only be approximated. An alternative strain measurement incorporates fibre-optical strain sensors (Fiber Bragg Gratings, FBG) which are able to determine strains within the material. The principle has already been verified by using embedded FBGs in tensile specimens. The transition area between fibre and aluminium, however, is not yet properly investigated. Therefore, strains in tensile specimens containing FBGs were measured by neutron diffraction in gauge volumes of two different sizes around the Bragg grating. As a result, it is possible to identify and decouple elastic and plastic strains affecting the FBGs and to transfer the findings into a fully descriptive FE-model of the strain transition area.We thus accomplished closing the gap between the external load and internal straining obtained from cast-in FBG and generating valuable information about the mechanisms within the strain transition area.It was found that the porosity within the casting has a significant impact on the stiffness of the tensile specimen, the generation of excess microscopic tensions and thus the formation of permanent plastic strains, which are well recognized by the FBG. The knowledge that FBG as internal strain sensors function just as well as common external strain sensors will now allow for the application of FBG in actual structural parts and measurements under real load conditions. In the future, applications for long-term monitoring of cast parts will also be enabled and are currently under development.
Indoor Localization Based on Infrared Angle of Arrival Sensor Network
Authors: Arbula Damir , Ljubic Sandi
Published: November 2020

Accurate, inexpensive, and reliable real-time indoor localization holds the key to the full potential of the context-aware applications and location-based Internet of Things (IoT) services. State-of-the-art indoor localization systems are coping with the complex non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signal propagation which hinders the use of proven multiangulation and multilateration methods, as well as with prohibitive installation costs, computational demands, and energy requirements. In this paper, we present a novel sensor utilizing low-range infrared (IR) signal in the line-of-sight (LOS) context providing high precision angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation. The proposed sensor is used in the pragmatic solution to the localization problem that avoids NLOS propagation issues by exploiting the powerful concept of the wireless sensor network (WSN). To demonstrate the proposed solution, we applied it in the challenging context of the supermarket cart navigation. In this specific use case, a proof-of-concept navigation system was implemented with the following components: IR-AoA sensor prototype and the corresponding WSN used for cart localization, server-side application programming interface (API), and client application suite consisting of smartphone and smartwatch applications. The localization performance of the proposed solution was assessed in, altogether, four evaluation procedures, including both empirical and simulation settings. The evaluation outcomes are ranging from centimeter-level accuracy achieved in static-1D context up to 1 m mean localization error obtained for a mobile cart moving at 140 cm/s in a 2D setup. These results show that, for the supermarket context, appropriate localization accuracy can be achieved, along with the real-time navigation support, using readily available IR technology with inexpensive hardware components.
Current Status, Barriers and Development Perspectives for Circular Bioeconomy in Polish South Baltic Area
Authors: Mikielewicz Dariusz , Dąbrowski Paweł , Bochniak Roksana , Gołąbek Aleksandra
Published: November 2020

The following article presents the current legal situation in Poland as well as in the European Union. Data on biomass production in the Polish South Baltic area were analyzed, along with an indication of the key sectors for the development of bioeconomy. Presentation of the current state of biomass management was made and areas necessary for development were indicated to facilitate the sustainable management of biomass and waste generated during its processing. Differences between regions in the Polish South Baltic Area show how an individual approach in each of these areas is required. During the analysis, the most important barrier to the implementation of the circular economy was distinguished, which is the lack of an appropriate legal framework. This is to be changed by the Circular Economy Road Map, adopted in 2019.
Questionnaire on the Training Profile of a Learning Therapy Specialist: Creation and Validation of the Instrument
Authors: Martín Martínez Laura , Vela Llauradó Esther
Published: November 2020

This article provides a description of the creation and validation process for a questionnaire designed to analyze the initial training received by students of degree programs in pre-primary and primary education, specializing in learning therapy. The instrument consists of 175 items in three sections: the first collects sociodemographic data; the second analyzes the initial training received; and the third and final section analyzes the perception of this initial training. The questionnaire was subjected to a double validation process: an evaluation by a panel of experts and a pilot group, these permitted the validation of the content and construct, as well as the corresponding reliability assessment. The results confirm the validity of the questionnaire with an excellent reliability index, allowing the effective evaluation of the training profile of learning therapy specialists.
Farmers’ Perceptions of the Organic Control and Certification Process in Tyrol, Austria
Authors: Leitner Carolin , Vogl Christian R.
Published: November 2020

Organic farming is a demand-led—rather than policy-driven—development. The introduction of regulations, controls and certification was intended to protect consumers from fraud, and to protect producers from unfair competition. The farmers’ willingness to participate in organic schemes is a prerequisite, which depends on their attitudes to the certification process. By means of three focus groups—conducted in April 2019, in Kematen, in the district of Innsbruck-Land—this study attempted to identify Tyrolean farmers’ perceptions of organic certification, as well as the influential factors, with the aim of highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the certification system. Overall, the farmers perceived a great variety of differing standards. In particular, compliance with the regulations on animal husbandry and labelling requirements were seen to be hard to achieve. The farmers felt that the retailers were forcing them to comply with additional requirements, and that they were not receiving adequate support from their control body or their organic farming associations. They stated that the inspectors’ attitudes were often crucial to the control’s outcome, and were negative about the regulations or inspectors that did not reflect their underlying values. More scope should therefore be given for a cultural adaption of the inspection process, and there should be information symmetry between all of the stakeholders within organic certification.
Phenomenological Effects of CPT and Lorentz Invariance Violation in Particle and Astroparticle Physics
Authors: Antonelli Vito , Miramonti Lino , Torri Marco Danilo Claudio
Published: November 2020

It is well known that a fundamental theorem of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) set in flat spacetime ensures the CPT invariance of the theory. This symmetry is strictly connected to the Lorentz covariance, and consequently to the fundamental structure of spacetime. Therefore it may be interesting to investigate the possibility of departure from this fundamental symmetry, since it can furnish a window to observe possible effects of a more fundamental quantum gravity theory in a “lower energy limit”. Moreover, in the past, the inquiry of symmetry violations provided a starting point for new physics discoveries. A useful physical framework for this kind of search is provided by astroparticle physics, thanks to the high energy involved and to the long path travelled by particles accelerated by an astrophysical object and then revealed on Earth. Astrophysical messengers are therefore very important probes for investigating this sector, involving high energy photons, charged particles, and neutrinos of cosmic origin. In addition, one can also study artificial neutrino beams, investigated at accelerator experiments. Here we discuss the state of art for all these topics and some interesting new proposals, both from a theoretical and phenomenological point of view.
Multi-Scale Study on Mechanical Property and Strength of New Green Sand (Poly Lactic Acid) as Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete Mix
Authors: Patil Arun Y. , Banapurmath N. R. , E. P. Sumukh , Chitawadagi Manojkumar V. , Khan T. M. Yunus , Badruddin Irfan Anjum , Kamangar Sarfaraz
Published: November 2020

Polylactic acid (PLA) has made inroads in the commercial market segment with many unique characteristics. To list a few, such as tenacity, low flame rate, moisture regain percentage, loss of ignition percentage, combustion heat, UV resistance, elastic recovery, and higher melting point, make PLA a predominant material in the commercial market. This study is an attempt to test the feasibility of PLA’s mechanical property and strength aspects with cement mix. An article published on biodegradability aspects backed up by the essential preliminary strength and physical test results is discussed in detail in this manuscript. The work focuses on the multi-scale study along with mechanical properties and strengths to evaluate the elemental characteristics. Thermo gravimetric analysis revealed that PLA would hold inclusion into construction applications either in granular form or filament. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) found that PLA in filament form is the best inclusion material for construction applications. However, fiber’s tenacity has to be checked, as currently available filaments in the market do not have high tenacity value. From EDX(Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) reports, 30% inclusion of PLA as a replacement for fine aggregate has constituent members as Calcium carbonate(CaCO3), Silica(SiO2), and Wollastonite (CaK) resulted in the best composition among the rest. FESEM images revealed that proper gradation in size, PLA granular form’s rough surface, or filament form would enhance the mechanical/physical behavior or even PLA’s chemical behavior.
Carbon Catabolite Repression Gene AoCreA Regulates Morphological Development and Ochratoxin A Biosynthesis Responding to Carbon Sources in Aspergillus ochraceus
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Yulong , Yang Bolei , Zhang Chenxi , Zhang Haiyong , Xing Fuguo , Liu Yang
Published: November 2020

Carbon is one of the most important nutrients for the development and secondary metabolism in fungi. CreA is the major transcriptional factor mediating carbon catabolite repression, which is employed in the utilization of carbon sources. Aspergillus ochraceus contaminates various food and feed containing different carbon sources by producing ochratoxin A (OTA). However, little is known about the function of AoCreA in regulating the morphology and OTA production of A. ochraceus. To give an insight into the mechanism of the carbon sources regulating development of A. ochraceus and OTA production, we have identified AoCreA in A. ochraceus. The homologous recombination strategy was used to generate the AoCreA deletion mutant (ΔAoCreA). We have investigated the morphology and OTA production of the wild type (WT) and ΔAoCreA of A. ochraceus with media containing different carbon sources (glucose, fructose, maltose, D-xylose, D-mannose, acetate, D-galactose, D-mannitol and lactose). ΔAoCreA showed a significant growth and conidiation defect on all media as compared with WT. Glucose and maltose were the most inducing media for OTA production by A. ochraceus, followed by sucrose and the nutrient-rich Yeast Extract Sucrose (YES) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). The deletion of AoCreA led to a drastic reduction of OTA production on all kinds of media except PDA, which was supported by the expression profile of OTA biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, infection studies of ΔAoCreA on oats and pears showed the involvement of AoCreA in the pathogenicity of A. ochraceus. Thus, these results suggest that AoCreA regulates morphological development and OTA biosynthesis in response to carbon sources in A. ochraceus.
How Might the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect 21st Century Urban Design, Planning, and Development?
Authors: Bereitschaft Bradley , Scheller Daniel
Published: November 2020

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to transform lives and ways of living across the globe, it is becoming increasingly clear that adaptations involving both physical and institutional infrastructure are warranted. Cities are at the forefront of these adaptive changes as dense urban environments are particularly vulnerable to the spread of contagious airborne diseases such as the novel coronavirus. This paper considers how COVID-19 might influence where and how people live, work, recreate, and move about the city, and how these changing patterns might in turn shape future development trajectories. We also discuss how cities are currently responding to the public health threat posed by COVID-19, and how they might use planning and design strategies to improve resilience in the face of future pandemics.
Safety and Immunogenicity of the GamTBvac, the Recombinant Subunit Tuberculosis Vaccine Candidate: A Phase II, Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Tkachuk Artem P. , Bykonia Evgeniia N. , Popova Liubov I. , Kleymenov Denis A. , Semashko Maria A. , Chulanov Vladimir P. , Fitilev Sergey B. , Maksimov Semyon L. , Smolyarchuk Elena A. , Manuylov Victor A. , Vasina Daria V. , Gushchin Vladimir A. , Gintsburg Alexander L.
Published: November 2020

GamTBvac is a candidate tuberculosis vaccine with two fusion proteins, containing Ag85a, ESAT6, CFP10, and a dextran-binding domain (DBD). Phase II of a double-blind, randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled study in parallel groups in healthy adults to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of GamTBvac in 180 previously-vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine (BCG) healthy volunteers without Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection was conducted. The dose (0.5 mL) of either the study drug or a placebo was administered subcutaneously twice with an 8-week interval. At eight timepoints from 14 to 150 days, whole blood and sera were assayed. Antigen-specific T-cell responses were measured by an in-house interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA-test), the QuantiFERON (QTF) test, and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). For antibody response detection, the bead-based multiplex immunoassay (MIA) was applied. The vaccine confirmed an acceptable safety profile previously shown in a first-in-human clinical study. After stimulation with both fusions, the highest median level of INF-γ was detected on day 21. The GamTBvac vaccine induced antigen-specific interferon-gamma release, Th1 cytokine-expressing CD4+ T-cells, and IgG responses and results support further clinical testing of GamTBvac.
Rapid High-Yield Production of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain by Viral and Non-Viral Transient Expression for Pre-Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Farnós Omar , Venereo-Sánchez Alina , Xu Xingge , Chan Cindy , Dash Shantoshini , Chaabane Hanan , Sauvageau Janelle , Brahimi Fouad , Saragovi Uri , Leclerc Denis , Kamen Amine A.
Published: November 2020

Vaccine design strategies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are focused on the Spike protein or its subunits as the main antigen target of neutralizing antibodies. In this work, we propose rapid production methods of an extended segment of the Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) in HEK293SF cells cultured in suspension, in serum-free media, as a major component of a COVID-19 subunit vaccine under development. The expression of RBD, engineered with a sortase-recognition motif for protein-based carrier coupling, was achieved at high yields by plasmid transient transfection or human type-5-adenoviral infection of the cells, in a period of only two and three weeks, respectively. Both production methods were evaluated in 3L-controlled bioreactors with upstream and downstream bioprocess improvements, resulting in a product recovery with over 95% purity. Adenoviral infection led to over 100 µg/mL of RBD in culture supernatants, which was around 7-fold higher than levels obtained in transfected cultures. The monosaccharide and sialic acid content was similar in the RBD protein from the two production approaches. It also exhibited a proper conformational structure as recognized by monoclonal antibodies directed against key native Spike epitopes. Efficient direct binding to ACE2 was also demonstrated at similar levels in RBD obtained from both methods and from different production lots. Overall, we provide bioprocess-related data for the rapid, scalable manufacturing of low cost RBD based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, with the added value of making a functional antigen available to support further research on uncovering mechanisms of virus binding and entry as well as screening for potential COVID-19 therapeutics.
The Role of a Permeable Sand Column in Modifying Tidal Creek Nutrient Inputs into the Coastal Ocean
Authors: Legut Nicholas A. , Hawkins Brandon T. , Hannides Angelos K.
Published: November 2020

Estuarine tidal creeks are an important conduit for freshwater run-off into the coastal ocean. In Long Bay, South Carolina, tidal creeks terminate in swashes—broad sandy fields constantly reworked by discharged creek water. We examined the role of a highly permeable sandy column in altering the nutrient loading of the passing water at Singleton Swash, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Seasonal transects along the swash’s primary channel documented gradients in physical and biogeochemical parameters. The nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations were higher in the sediment than in the overlying water, consistent with coastal sediments as a major site of organic matter degradation, nutrient regeneration, and benthic primary productivity. Oxygen, nutrient, and chlorophyll concentrations exhibited a strong seasonal component, explained by a photosynthesis–respiration balance shift between summer and winter. The conservative mixing model approach to elucidate the sink–source patterns was moderately informative due to the lack of a gradual salinity gradient from land to ocean, due to substantial tidal flushing and observable nutrient-rich surface freshwater discharges along the channel that fueled substantial submerged aquatic macroalgal growth. Future studies should focus on the role of benthic photosynthesizers, both microbial and macroalgal, in retaining land-derived nutrients in irrigation freshwater inputs prior to them reaching the coastal ocean.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Water Requirements for Maize in Inner Mongolia from 1959 to 2018
Authors: Qiao Shuaishuai , Qu Zhongyi , Gao Xiaoyu , Yang Xiujuan , Feng Xinwei
Published: November 2020

Crop water requirements are crucial for agricultural water management and redistribution. Based on meteorological and agricultural observation data, the effective precipitation (Pe), water requirements (ETc), and irrigation water requirements (Ir) in the maize growing areas of Inner Mongolia were calculated. Furthermore, climatic trends of these variables were analysed to reveal their temporal and spatial distributions. The research results are as follows: the average Pe of maize in Inner Mongolia during the entire growth period was 125.9 mm, with an increasing trend from west to east. The Pe in the middle growth period of maize was the highest and was small in the early and late growth stages. The Pe climate exhibited a negative slope with a decreasing trend. The average ETc of maize during the entire growth period was 480.6 mm. The high-value areas are mainly distributed in the Wulatzhongqi and Linhe areas. The average Ir of maize during the entire growth period was 402.9 mm, and the spatial distribution is similar to that of ETc. In each growth period, Ir showed an increasing trend. Supplemental irrigation should be added appropriately during each growth period to ensure the normal growth of maize. This study can provide an effective basis for the optimisation of irrigation and regional water conservation in the maize cultivation area of Inner Mongolia.
Accident and emergency department attendance rates of people experiencing homelessness by GP registration: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Reilly Johanna , Hassanally Khalil , Budd John , Mercer Stewart
Published: November 2020

Background

People experiencing homelessness are known to have complex health needs and to be high users of hospital accident and emergency (A&E) departments. It is unclear whether access to a day-time specialist homeless medical practice, as opposed to routine general practice, influences A&E attendance rates.

Aim

This study investigated whether registration with a specialist homeless service would alter A&E attendance rates in a single geographical region in Scotland.

Design & setting

A health board area with a specialist service for people experiencing homelessness was selected. Data were obtained from the hospital records of 4408 A&E attendances by people experiencing homelessness at NHS Lothian (based on a broad definition of homelessness and including those in temporary accommodation) between January 2015 and July 2017.

Method

The attendances were compared between people registered with a specialist service and those registered with a mainstream GP.

Results

The reasons for attendance and urgency of attendance were broadly similar between the two groups. Repeat attendance was similarly high in both groups. Almost 70% in both groups attended with problems deemed urgent, very urgent, or requiring immediate resuscitation. The patients registered with the specialist homeless service were more likely to be older and male; however, this did not affect the frequency of attendance.

Conclusion

People experiencing homelessness attending A&E mainly do so for urgent or very urgent problems. This was not related to the type of day-time primary care service they had access to. Strategies to reduce attendances, such as out-of-hours mobile medical units, should be explored.
Anticorpos monoclonais para o tratamento de enxaqueca (migrânea)
Authors: De Oliveira Flavianny Braga Barbosa , Silva Francisco Diogo Almeida , Farias George Icaro Maia , Ferreira Ialy Beatriz Lima , De Lima Jéssika Jannyne Gomes , Dias Maria Emília Matos Pequeno , Batista de Lima Júnior Francisco José
Published: November 2020

Introdução. A Migrânea é uma condição sindrômica caracterizada por cefaleias que ocasionalmente incapacitam seus portadores. Atualmente é uma condição onerosa para os sistemas de saúde e que o tratamento convencional não consegue ter eficácia em grande parte dos doentes. Assim, terapias relacionadas aos neuropeptídeos envolvidos com a fisiopatologia da doença têm se mostrado alvos promissores. Método. Foram utilizados os bancos de dados do Scielo e Pubmed, utilizando-se das combinações de descritores: “migraine” e “monoclonal antibodies”. Resultados. Diante da ineficácia de medicamentos tradicionalmente usados e de seus efeitos colaterais, os anticorpos monoclonais ganharam aceitação mundial pela capacidade de direcionar seletivamente as células indutoras da migrânea. Devido a essa seletividade, proporcionam a alta segurança, o baixo risco de interação medicamentosa e nenhum efeito imunomodulador, mostrando-se como grande alternativa para o tratamento preventivo para a enxaqueca e com redução significativa dos sintomas post-drome. Todavia, a ausência de resposta ou recaída em alguns pacientes, apontam para uma compreensão insatisfatória dos perfis farmacocinético e da farmacodinâmica, o que leva a uma eficácia limitada ou diminuída. Conclusão. A comercialização desses medicamentos indica resultados promissores no tratamento e na prevenção de episódios de enxaqueca. Entretanto, o principal entrave dessa alternativa terapêutica está nos elevados custos para sua comercialização em comparação às terapêuticas tradicionais.
Valeriana Officinalis no Controle da Ansiedade em Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/aids – há uma possibilidade?
Authors: Ciniglia Nathana , Fiorelli Rossano Kepler Alvim , Vianna Lucia Marques
Published: November 2020

Introdução. A ansiedade é um dos importantes achados no curso do HIV/AIDS e em outras condições neuropsiquiátricas. A incidência de efeitos colaterais com medicamentos tradicionais, desperta o interesse acerca dos fitoterápicos. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão, é identificar a eficácia da Valeriana officinalis no controle da ansiedade e suas manifestações. Método. Foi realizada uma busca em bases de dados: Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medline, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e Cochrane, nos idiomas: português, espanhol, inglês e francês, publicados de 2000 a 2020. Resultados. Os resultados apresentaram um total de 11 estudos, incluindo revisões, estudos clínicos e experimentais. A Valeriana officinalis teve ação ansiolítica e modulou a qualidade do sono sendo efetiva em diferentes grupos de indivíduos, inclusive os portadores de HIV/AIDS. Os mecanismos de ação propostos foram: ligação aos Receptores GABA tipo A, 5- Hidroxitriptamina e Adenosina, e redução do turnover de monoaminas. Achados também revelaram facilitação da conectividade cerebral. Conclusão. O conjunto de evidências sugere que esta planta pode ser uma estratégia alternativa no tratamento da ansiedade, inclusive para portadores de HIV.
Unitermos: HIV; Aids; Valeriana officinalis; Ansiedade
THE HISTORICAL BAZAARS AND SHOPPING ARCADES. POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR RENOVATION
Authors: Bredihina A.
Published: November 2020

Shopping arcades and bazaars are considered as the oldest and most common commercial buildings in Russia. The main periods of development of these buildings are investigated, and the most probable space-planning prototypes (Emporia, caravanserais, and others) are established. A typology of cellular commercial buildings is proposed. The objects are compared in the following areas: the nature of the layout, spatial solutions, stylistic directions. Domestic and foreign experience of adaptation is considered. Examples of the most interesting and diverse solutions for the modern use of cellular commercial buildings are given. The main directions of renovation of commercial buildings are proposed, such as functional, planning, spatial.

Conclusions are drawn about the wide possibilities of modern use of such buildings. The most suitable functions are selected, including retail, catering, office, etc. The mixed function is highlighted as the most preferred. As a method for evaluating the proposed spatial planning solutions, it is proposed to rely on data from landscape and visual analysis. The optimal solution is selected for commercial buildings of different configurations: linear (functional and planning direction), semi-closed (development of internal space, landscaping, the possibility of organizing seasonal shopping and fair spaces) and closed (the same as for semi-closed, plus a solution for overlapping (full or partial) internal space). The historical and cultural value of bazaars and shopping arcades, the need to preserve them are proved.
THE PROSPECT OF USING THE BICOMPONENT COAGULANT OF MOLLASES "SODIUM CHLORIDE" WNEN PRODUCTION OF OIL-FILLED RUBBERS
Authors: Nikulina N. , Bulatetskaya T. , Patrusheva N. , Vlasova L. , Sannikova N. , Nikulin S.
Published: November 2020

Currently, special attention is paid to improving the production technology of synthetic rubbers. Synthetic rubbers are in great demand in the tire and rubber industry, in the manufacture of composite materials for various purposes, etc. Every year, the requirements for both the quality of manufactured products and the environmental friendliness of their production are increasing. One of the problematic stages in the production of rubbers by emulsion polymerization is the stage of their separation from latex. The paper considers the possibility of using a bis-compound coagulant consisting of a by-product of beet sugar production of molasses and traditional sodium chloride in the process of obtaining oil-filled rubbers. It was found that the use of this bis-compound coagulant to reduce the agricul-ture stability of synthetic latexes reduces the consumption of coagulating agents by 3-4 times. It is shown that the main coagulating component of molasses is betaines, which are present in its composition. Sodium chloride contributes to the coagulation process by the concentration mechanism, and betaine – by the neutralization mechanism, based on the chemical interaction of surfactant anions with the positively charged ammonium group of the betaine molecule. The use of a bis-compound coagulant reduces environmental pollution by components of the emulsion system. The water phase remaining after the rubber is extracted from latex can be used to prepare a solution of molasses and sulfuric acid. Rubber mixtures prepared on the basis of experimental samples of rubber meet the requirements in terms of their parameters.
HUBUNGAN LAMA KERJA DENGAN KELUHAN GANGGUAN PERNAPASAN PADA PUMULUNG DI TPA SEI GILING KOTA TEBING TINGGI
Authors: Panjaitan Delita Br , Ashar Taufik , . Nurmaini
Published: November 2020

Complaints of respiratory disorders are a sign of a disease that attacks the respiratory system that can occur for everyone. One of the factors that can affect someone experiencing complaints of respiratory distress is the length of time someone is exposed to a substance or objects in the work environment. Scavengers are one of the workers who are directly exposed to dangerous odors or gases that can cause complaints of respiratory problems. This study aims to determine the relationship of work duration with complaints of respiratory disorders in scavengers in Sei Giling Landfill in Tebing Tinggi City. This type of research is quantitative research with an analytic survey approach, using a cross sectional research design. This study uses a total sampling technique of 50 scavengers. Analysis of the data used is the Chi Square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between length of work (p value = 0.003) with complaints of respiratory disorders. Expected to scavengers to reduce exposure time at landfill and use personal protective equipment while in landfill.
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TINGKAT KEDISIPLINAN TENAGA KERJA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PADANG BULAN KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Purnama Dewi , Manalu Putranto
Published: November 2020

The productivity of the workforce in an organization is influenced by an adequate and clear management system in order to regulate each work process. Improved work motivation for workers / employees, such as providing training and development for workers / employees can be done regularly. This needs to be done to improve the quality, attitude, knowledge, and skills, insight and discipline that are effective and effective, for each employee. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with the level of labor discipline in the working areas Of Padang Bulan Health Center In Medan City. This type of research is descriptive analytic research that is to identify and measure variables using Linear Regression analysis by comparing X2 Count with X2 Table, where if X2 Count > X2 Table then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The results of the study, it was found that there is a very significant (strong) relationship between the relationship of sanctions with the level of labor discipline, where then obtained X2 Count 17.983> X2 Table 3.841, there was a very significant (strong) relationship between the relationship of motivation and the level of labor discipline, where then obtained X2 Count 17.983> X2 Table 3.841, and there is a very significant (strong) relationship between leadership relationship with the level of labor discipline then obtained X2 Count 17.983> X2 Table 3.841. Health workers, especially for supervision from the Head of public health center, are expected to put forward stricter regulations so that sanctions will be obtained by workers to make workers to work better.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBERHASILAN PROGRAM ASI EKSKLUSIF DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SEI MENCIRIM KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG TAHUN 2020
Authors: Limbong Agustina , Simanjuntak Mafe Robbi , Wau Herbert
Published: November 2020

Exclusive breast- feeding goes to infants at first birth into six-month-old, with no companion foods other than medicine, vitamints and minerals.Global studies prove that infant death can be prevented by exclusive breast feeding for 6 months, as exclusive breast milk is a health intervention that has far-reaching effects on the baby's safety. the study is carried out june 2020 in the sei mencirim public health center in cesspool. The study aims to identify factors that affect the success of an exclusive breast-feeding program, the proamotion of formula milk, economic status, health workers' support and family support. In the execution of the study, researchers have used a design type through their sectional method of cross sectional with 73 sampels. Based on statistical tests using the chi-square test, namely the initiation of early breastfeeding p-value = 0.043 <0.05, promotion of formula milk p-value = 0.224> 0.05, economic status p-value = 0.015 <0.05, health officer support p-value = 0.002 <0.05, family support p-value = 0.766> 0.05. From this study there is a correlation to exclusive breast feeding, economic status with exclusive breast milk, health care support with exclusive breast milk and no relation to a promotion of health formula with exclusive breast milk, family health support with exclusive breast milk. What is the dominant dominant factor in relations is health care support with p-value = 0.002. Researchers are hoping for health care especially for midwife health to be able to actively participate in exclusive education and early lactating initiatives in any mother beginning in pregnancy, during childbirth and nifas, making increased nutrition in the baby more secure.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BOLU KUKUS DAUN KATUK TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASI DI WILAYAH KERJA RUMAH SAKIT GRANDMED LUBUK PAKAM
Authors: Panjaitan Raini , Irwanto Reno , Husna Nadia , Cholilulloh Andreais Boffil
Published: November 2020

Katuk leaves can increase breast milk production because it’s have polyhenols and steroids were instrumental in prolactin reflex to produce breast milk, and can stimulate the hormone oxytocin to stimulate spending and flow of breast milk. Breast milk production and expenditure is influenced by two hormones, prolactin and oxytocin.This studi aims to determine the effect of giving katuk leaves steamed sponge cake for breast milk production in Grandmed Hospital Lubuk Pakam. This research method is quasi experiment with pre and posttest design. The population in this study is breastfeeding mothers of infants 0-6 months in Grandmed Hospital Lubuk Pakam. The sample is 30 people consisting of 15 control and 15 treatment group. In the treatment group was given intervention katuk leaves steamed sponge cake as much as 100 grams (2pieces) every day for 30 days. From the result of this research average frequency of breastfeeding in the control group as 8.07 time and the treatment group times as much as 10.40. While the average duration of breastfeeding in the control group as much as 6.80 minutes and 9.74 minutes in the treatment group. The result of the analysis with T-test was obtained p Value 0,000, it can concluded that there is the effect of giving katuk leaves steamed sponge cake katuk for breast milk production.
Mechanical performance of FRP-RC flexural members subjected to fire conditions
Authors: Protchenko Kostiantyn , Elżbieta Szmigiera , Urbański Marek , Garbacz Andrzej
Published: November 2020

One of the main concerns that limit the widespread use of Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) bars as internal reinforcement for reinforced concrete (RC) structures is their relatively unexplored response to elevated temperatures. The behaviour of FRP reinforcement at elevated temperature as well as their post-fire behaviour can be different from conventional reinforcement and depends on the properties of the constituents of the bars. Therefore, the fire resistance of FRP-RC structures is an important issue that needs careful investigation before FRP reinforcement can be implemented in RC structures.
The experimental results for full-scale FRP-RC beams subjected to specific fire action were presented and discussed in this paper. The specimens were exposed to heat in the mid-section from below (tension zone) and from the sides. As one of the main aims was to examine the influence of different reinforcement configurations, the testing was made for concrete beams reinforced with three different types of FRP bars: (i) basalt-FRP (BFRP), (ii) hybrid FRP with carbon and basalt fibres (HFRP) and (iii) nano-hybrid FRP (nHFRP), with modification of the epoxy matrix of the rebars.
The present work describes the behaviour of FRP-RC beams exposed to fire conditions and simultaneous loading (50 % of their ultimate strength capacity at normal temperature) and unloaded beams were tested after the cooling phase in order to evaluate their residual resistance.
Present work shows that the type of FRP bars used has a direct influence on the outcomes and the way of destruction. The maximum ductility, the longest heating time of approximately 100 minutes, was obtained for beams reinforced with BFRP bars and attained deflections were corresponded to the value of 162 mm.
Designing the structure of a construction project operating system using evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Jaśkowski Piotr
Published: November 2020

The paper discusses the problem of designing a construction project’s organisation structure at the operating level, where tasks and processes are of “complex of operations” type. Such a system includes heterogeneous operating units (crews, teams) of a general contractor and cooperating external ones – subcontractors, that create a temporary organisation. Its structure changes according to the project schedule as the project advances. The author identified the problem of designing a construction project operating system structure from the point of a general contractor, built the system’s model and formalised it mathematically. The contractor selection process (i.e. the selection of the system’s elements) is described as the problem of triple-criteria optimisation of the schedule. The assessment of possible variants of the system’s structure is made according the criteria crucial for the project’s efficiency and the general contractor’s objectives (i.e. minimisation of project duration and cost, and keeping subcontracting to minimum – as the general contractor is assumed to be interested in making full use of their own resources). To solve the problem, a method that uses metaheuristic approach has been worked out. An evolutionary algorithm (using stochastic processes) was adapted for solving the triple-criteria schedule optimisation problem in deterministic conditions. The author developed also a heuristic algorithm to allocate limited resources of variable availability. The solutions are generated by means of an achievement scalarising function, which is based on Tchebycheff utility function. The selection of final solution can be done by analysing the approximation of whole set of non-dominated solutions on the basis of total decision maker’s preferences, or by means of Steuer’s interactive method.
Influence of the friction factor on the range of cement dispersion flow
Authors: Szerafin Jerzy
Published: November 2020

Dispersial nature of cement grout makes many difficulties in practical applications of the injection process. It is also difficult to describe by theoretical equations. The rheological models treat cement paste as continuous material. In this paper the new flow equation was derived, which contains the factor of the friction between cement grains introduced to the Bingham model. The possibilities of the calculation of this new factor was presented. The analysis of the calculation’s results of the classical and new equations shows significant differences. The new equation allows to better predict the effects of the real injection applications.
The method of determining damping coefficients of vibration for complex structures.
Authors: Szulej Jacek
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to present methods of determining damping coefficient of vibration. The methods, such as: collocation method, two energetic methods and half-power bandwidth method, concern composite structures. Verification of methods was taken into account in this research. Real compound models and numerical models were created. Time histories of vibrations of these models were measured or calculated. Comparison of methods were made on a basis of obtained results.
Similarity in real estates valuation.
Authors: Zyga Jacek
Published: November 2020

Similarity, is although a notion universally practical, in effect of many spheres (technical and not technical) is a notion about the not explicit definition, basing itself on current to his apprehension. In effect it means the lack rational, leaning on proofs, marks of comparing of facultative objects. The present article makes an attempt of defining of the resemblance and the use of chosen methods of his measurement in data analyses to practical in the pricing immovables.
Hidrosztatikus főorsó csapágyazásának vizsgálatára alkalmas mérőberendezés tervezése
Authors: Tóth Sándor Gergő , Takács György
Published: November 2020

Az alábbi cikkben egy NC esztergából származó főorsó hidrosztatikus csapágyazásának átfogó vizsgálatát biztosító tesztberendezés tervezési folyamata kerül ismertetésre. A cikkben bemutatott mérőberendezés alkalmas lesz a gyári csapágyazás túlhajtásához, amellyel vizsgálhatóvá válnak azok az átmeneti folyamatok, amelyekkel jobban megérthetjük a hidrosztatikusból csapágyak határfordulatszámon feletti üzemeltetésnél jelentkezik.