bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Mini 3-Axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machine for the Fabrication of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
Authors: Suraj Mohammed , Abubakar Ruhiya , Blankson Gabriel Gidisu
Published: August 2024

In the manufacturing industry of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), the quality and reliability of circuits are highly dependent on the accuracy of the manufacturing processes. Etching is the most sensitive process needed in manufacturing processes and needs more accuracy. In cases of etching inaccuracies, severe problems may occur, leading to the degradation of circuit performance and the malfunction of circuits. In this work, all the effects of inaccuracies in etching during the manufacturing process and the causes of malfunction in PCB circuits are investigated and resolved via a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) device. The mechanics behind a PCB milling machine design and construction have been investigated to identify the roots and fundamental techniques in CNC milling technology. To advance innovation in this project, the machine control and command processes as well as the positioning information were forwarded from the controlling software via a serial port connection directly to the milling machine's on-board controller, which in turn controlled the motion and continuous monitoring of the various components that moved the milling head and controlled the spindle speed at speeds ranging from 30,000 to 100,000 RMP. Typically, this drive system comprises nonmonitored stepper motors for X-Y, an on-off nonmonitored solenoid, a pneumatic piston or lead screw for the Z-axis, and a DC motor control circuit for spindle speed, none of which provide positional feedback. This study incorporated both milling and laser etching capabilities into a single CNC machine for PCB milling.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infections Associated with War-Related Penetrating Abdominal Trauma in Yemen
Authors: Al-Shehari Mohammed Mohammed , Obaidel Yasser Abdurabo , Alhamzi Marwan Mohammed , Jowah Haitham Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients with war-related penetrating abdominal trauma in Yemen.
Patients and methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 120 male patients (mean age, 25.52 years) who presented with penetrating abdominal trauma and underwent laparotomy. Data on demographic characteristics, injury mechanisms, clinical presentations, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed.
Results
The prevalence of SSIs was 56.67%. Organ/space SSIs were the most common type (21.67%), followed by superficial incisional SSI (18.33%) and deep incisional SSI (16.67%). Significant risk factors for SSIs included hollow viscus injuries (p = 0.003), small bowel injuries (p = 0.038), higher median PRBC units received within 24 hours (p = 0.000), lower serum albumin levels (p = 0.003), and a higher number of exploratory laparotomies (p = 0.000). The median time from injury to surgery was longer in patients with SSIs (p = 0.006). However, logistic regression showed patients who received more PRBC units were less likely to develop SSIs (OR : 0.490, CI: 0.297–0.808 ,p = 0.005). Postoperative complications included anastomotic leaks (13.33%), septicemia (30%), and reoperation (20%). The mean length of ICU admission was 2.13 days, and the mean length of hospital stay was 8.56 days.
Conclusion
This study revealed a high prevalence of SSIs among patients with war-related penetrating abdominal trauma in Yemen. Key risk factors include hollow viscus and small bowel injuries and the need for extensive blood transfusions. The findings emphasize the importance of timely resuscitation and strict infection control measures to reduce SSIs and improve patient outcomes in conflict-affected regions. Enhanced medical infrastructure and effective intervention strategies can mitigate the burden of SSIs. Future research should explore the impact of blood transfusion practices and advanced infection control protocols in such settings.
Effect of Aloe Vera Gel Coating and Different Conventional Packaging Materials on Shelf Life Extension of Banana
Authors: Rifat Tahmid Al , Boni Sk Fahim Tahmid , Hossain Md. Sajjad , Rahman S M Sohanur , Mahmud Md. Zahir
Published: August 2024

Bananas, well known for their nutritional value, have a short shelf life and are sensitive to ethylene, hinders their long-distance marketability. To address this issue, various strategies have been explored to maintain quality and delay ripening. This study examines the impact of different packaging materials on bananas coated with aloe vera gel. Specifically, 1% perforated low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and paper bags were utilized as packaging materials. Over a 9-day storage period at 30 ± 2 ºC and 72 ± 5% relative humidity, the results indicated that bananas treated with aloe vera coating retained their physicochemical and sensory properties more effectively than uncoated bananas. Among the treatments, bananas coated with aloe vera and packaged in 1% perforated LDPE demonstrated the best preservation of key physicochemical characteristics, including titratable acidity (1.18%), total soluble solids (24.5%), and reduced weight loss (13%). The findings suggest that integrating aloe vera gel coating with appropriate packaging materials can be a promising approach to extending the shelf life of fresh, mature bananas.
Relationship of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Motivating EFL Students toward Learning English: A Case Study of the National University of Battambang
Authors: Chhor Chang , Sek Vimon , Norng Rasmeikhema , Sam Rany
Published: August 2024

The study aims to (1) investigate the level of motivation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors of EFL students toward learning English; (2) examine students’ perceptions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors of EFL students toward learning English; and (3) explore the statistically significant difference between intrinsic and extrinsic factors of EFL students toward learning English by gender. This study used a qualitative method to examine these motivations, with a specific focus on intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The study involved 200 participants from the EFL student population at the National University of Battambang, with 29 students from year 1, 65 from year 2, 76 from year 3, and 30 from year 4. Among the 200 participants, 41 were male and 159 were female. The participants were aged between 18–22 years (159 students), 23–25 years (35 students), and above 25 years (6 students). The questionnaire, adapted from other studies, comprises 21 items divided into two parts. The first part consisted of 6 questions related to intrinsic motivators, whereas the second part included 15 questions related to extrinsic motivators. The extrinsic motivators were further divided into three parts: extrinsic impacts affecting the learning environment (5 questions), extrinsic motivation toward the instructor (6 questions), and extrinsic motivation according to parental influences (4 questions). The findings revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations had an impact on students' motivation to learn English at the National University of Battambang (NUBB).
Hearing Restoration in Sensorineural Loss: A Prospective Cohort Study of Intratympanic Platelet-Rich Plasma Instillation in Yemen
Authors: Al-Ghaili Adel Abdo , Al-Ansi Wael Hamoud , Aldumaini Amal Mohammed , Jowah Haitham Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intratympanic PRP injection in the treatment of SNHL in Yemen and identify predictors of successful treatment outcomes.
Methods: This prospective cohort study included 120 patients diagnosed with SNHL at the Military General Hospital in Yemen. Patients received intratympanic PRP injections and were followed up for 3 months. Pure-tone audiometry (PTA) was performed to assess hearing thresholds before and after treatment. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, including etiology and duration of hearing loss, were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate treatment outcomes and identify significant predictors.
Results: The study cohort comprised 36 females (30%) and 84 males (70%), with a mean age of 29.72 ± 11.85 years. The most common etiologies were noise-induced hearing loss (35.8%) and sudden hearing loss (30%). Post-treatment, significant improvement in PTA hearing thresholds was observed, with mean thresholds improving from 48.27 ± 17.77 dB HL to 31.56 ± 20.45 dB HL (p < 0.05). Patients with pre-treatment hearing levels of 26-45 dB showed the highest improvement rates, with 93.1% achieving a final hearing level of ≤ 25 dB. The etiology of SNHL was a significant predictor for better outcomes (p = 0.002), whereas age, gender, and duration of hearing loss did not significantly impact treatment outcomes. The treatment was well tolerated, with minor adverse effects observed in a small percentage of patients.
Conclusion: Intratympanic injections of PRP are an effective and safe treatment for improving hearing thresholds in patients with SNHL, particularly in resource-limited settings like Yemen. Early intervention and tailored treatment strategies based on the etiology are crucial for optimizing outcomes. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to establish the long-term efficacy and safety of PRP therapy in patients with SNHL.
Forensic Analysis of Live Ransomware Attacks on Linux-Based Laptop Systems: Techniques and Evaluation
Authors: Neweva William , Fitzwilliam Oliver , Waterbridge James
Published: August 2024

The increasing prevalence of ransomware attacks targeting Linux-based systems has highlighted the critical need for effective detection and mitigation strategies that can operate in real-time, safeguarding sensitive data and maintaining system integrity. The novel integration of live forensic techniques—memory analysis, network traffic monitoring, and process monitoring—provides a multi-faceted defense capable of addressing the complex and rapidly evolving nature of ransomware threats, particularly within Linux environments where traditional security measures may fall short. Through rigorous experimental evaluation, each technique was assessed for its ability to detect ransomware activities, minimize system performance impact, and offer timely intervention, resulting in a comprehensive approach that enhances the overall resilience of Linux-based systems against ransomware. Memory analysis was shown to be highly effective in extracting volatile data critical for disrupting encryption processes, while network monitoring provided early warnings through the detection of command-and-control communications. Process monitoring emerged as a balanced technique, offering continuous behavioral analysis with minimal resource overhead, making it suitable for deployment in live environments. The findings demonstrate the importance of adopting a strategic, integrated approach to forensic analysis, significantly improving the detection and mitigation of ransomware, and ensuring the protection of critical system assets.
Host Selectivity and Distribution of Cassytha filiformis in the Coastal Bornean Heath Forests
Authors: Roshanizah Rosli  , Kushan U. Tennakoon  , Muhammad Yusran S. M. Yaakub  , Nur Aqilah H. Zainal Ariffin  , Faizah Metali
Published: August 2024

We investigated the host range of Cassytha filiformis L. in the heath forests using six 50-metre transects. Sixteen shrubs and tree species were infected by C. filiformis vines, including two exotic Acacia species. This paper also examined the density and vigour of C. filiformis when infecting the two most preferred and common hosts, the heath native Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff. ex Hook. f. and Thomson) Martelli, and the invasive Acacia mangium Willd. The results suggested that C. filiformis has higher vigour when infecting native hosts than in exotic A. mangium albeit being not statistically significant. The long thread-like stems of parasite were present at relatively high density when infecting A. mangium, regardless of the host conditions. We also assessed the functionality of the haustoria on both D. suffruticosa and A. mangium using histological methods. It was found that C. filiformis can establish a true haustorial endophytic connection with studied hosts. Under controlled conditions, C. filiformis pose as a possible candidate for a biological control agent of A. mangium to curtail the fast spreading of this introduced species in tropical Borneo.
Some Biological Aspects of Bloodworm: Chironomus pallidinubeculosus Tokunaga, 1964 (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Patipat Tevapawat  , Nisarat Tungpairojwong
Published: August 2024

Some biological aspects of local bloodworms in Thailand were investigated. In this study, the larvae of one species of bloodworm, identified as Chironomus pallidinubeculosus Tokunaga 1936, were reared in plastic containers at 25°C and fed with fish feed solutions three days per week. The eggs sample were processed by histological and TEM techniques. Yield (g/m2), moisture, ash, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fibre and gross energy (KJ/g) were determined in reared larvae. The results showed that C. pallidinubeculosus larvae could survive and be bred in plastic containers, controlled laboratory conditions, and have four instars. The suitable physico-chemical parameters during rearing were low to moderate dissolved oxygen (1.18 mg/L–5.00 mg/L), electrical conductivity (462 ?S–714 ?S), and total dissolved solids (249 mg/L–378 mg/L). Moreover, adults had a high average number of eggs per one egg mass from 193.2 ± 49.99 to 331.86 ± 80.23 and an average hatchability of 90.69% to 94.49% during the 1st to 3rd generations, respectively. The life cycle of this study was approximately 19 to 23 days. Polylecithal and centrolecithal eggs were observed. After gelatinous mass removal, the egg was covered by non-regularly exochorionic jelly. The internal morphology of the egg is mainly composed of proteid yolk, lipids and dense granular. Larvae constituted 89.78% water; they had a high 15th day yield (g/m2), and the minimum area of larvae for mass culture was 1.2 cm2. The proximate composition analysis in reared larvae showed that crude protein, crude lipid crude fibre and gross energy were higher than its feed. The biology aspect study of the bloodworms found they were easy to culture; they should be considered a model organism for further ecology, nutrition and toxicology studies.
New Insight into Nucleotide Changes on Irradiated Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), A Pest of Horticultural Importance
Authors: Suhana Yusof  , Nurul Wahida Othman  , Ahmad Zainuri Mohamad Dzomir  , Muhamad Azmi Mohammed  , Ameyra Aman-Zuki  , Salmah Yaakop
Published: August 2024

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a major quarantine pest species infesting most of the tropical fruits. Its infestation had significantly reduced and disrupted the export market trade, thus, very crucial to be controlled during the preharvest and postharvest. One of the most sustainable control methods is by using the radiation technique to reduce the pest population, thus curbing the spread of this pest to new geographical areas. The objective of this study was to measure the nucleotide changes in B. dorsalis (larval, pupal and adult stages) which had been irradiated with 50 to 400 Gray, using Gamma Cell Biobeam GM8000 irradiator with Cesium-137 source at the Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Selangor, Malaysia. Data from the treated samples (with and without morphological changes) were analysed using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). The alignment of 59 sequences resulted in 0.92% variables with only four characters that were parsimony informative, and six sites (30, 60, 234, 282, 483 and 589) which had nucleotide changes, but had not been translated to another protein. Low polymorphism was presented on the sample groups, with only four haplotypes, but with high diversity value (Hd) = 0.5885. The phylogeny trees formed soft polytomy in both trees [neighbour joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP)] presenting a mixture of individuals but did not show any significant difference between treatments. This finding concluded that low mutation had occurred on the treated B. dorsalis and this information is very valuable in getting new insight on the survival of B. dorsalis in the horticulture industry.
Recovery of Petroleum Brine-Contaminated Soil by Eleocharis sp. in a Tropical Marshland
Authors: Verónica Isidra Domínguez-Rodríguez  , Francisco J. Guzmán-Osorio  , Liliana Hernández-Acosta  , Rodolfo Gómez-Cruz  , J. Edmundo Rosique-Gil  , Randy H. Adams
Published: August 2024

Almost all research on natural attenuation and phytoremediation of sites contaminated with briny produced water has been conducted in temperate climates, however, there is a dearth of information on the use of tropical species for this purpose. It is within this context, that we investigated a spontaneously growing hypersaline spikerush from a contaminated site in southeast Mexico, to determine its soil salinity limits, the relationship between soil organic matter and salinity, and for preliminary documentation of floristic succession with Typha sp. for phytoremediation o f brine s pills. Soil was sampled (0 cm–20 cm) three times between 2018–2021, focusing on the end of the dry season (most critical period). The species tentatively identified as Eleocharis mutata was tolerant to soil hypersalinity (Electrical Conductivity: 125 dS/m) and appeared to generate a cyclic process of succession to recover areas with soil salinity levels higher than it could otherwise tolerate. A salinity gradient was found between the most heavily contaminated part of the site (“kill zone”, > 212 dS/m), the first Eleocharis sp. individuals (125 dS/m), slowly advancing through the main spikerush stand, and finally into a cattail stand (< 8.02 dS/m). Similarly, an inverse relationship between Soil Organic Matter content and soil salinity was observed. This is the first time this species has been identified with a brine spill, its salinity limits determined, and investigated for use in phytoremediation of this kind.
A case report of early outpatient stage of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Martynovich N. N. , Malinovskaya O. N. , Shakhovskaya N. I. , Vlasov A. Yu.
Published: August 2024

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an orphan disease that belongs to the group of severe hereditary diseases affecting primarily skeletal muscles, characterized by a progressive disabling course. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene, resulting in the absence or insufficient function of dystrophin. The disease has several stages with early and late clinical manifestations, as well as characteristic laboratory markers – increased activity of creatine phosphokinase, ALT and AST. The clinical case presented in the article demonstrates the late diagnosis of the early outpatient stage of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The existing clinical symptoms: a slight delay in physical development in the first year of life, the appearance of tightness in the calf muscles from the age of 2.5 years, long-term observation by an orthopedist and correction of the existing equinovalgus deformity of the feet are classic clinical markers of the early outpatient stage of the disease. The addition of motor awkwardness in the dynamics, the use of the Gowers maneuver when standing up, changes in posture in the form of moderate kyphosis and pronounced lordosis, changes in gait with an expanded support base, periodic walking “on tiptoes” did not serve as a reason for further examination of the boy in terms of excluding muscular dystonia. Carrying out a clinical examination in a preschool institution allowed the neurologist to diagnose increased levels of CPK by 200 times and LDH by 100 times. Subsequently, during a molecular genetic examination at the Research Centre for Medical Genetics, a deletion of exons 46–52 of the DMD gene (NM_004006.2:c.(6614+1_6615-1)_(7660+1_7661-1)del) in a hemizygous state was discovered, which confirmed the diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Pathogenetic treatment has been started.
Results of the use of biologically active foodadditives in children with signs of asthenia and asthenopia
Authors: Frolov M. A. , Sakhovskaya N. A. , Kazakova K. A. , Luchin V. S. , Gavrilenko T. I.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. According to ophthalmologists, the number of patients with signs of asthenia and asthenopia has increased substantially over the past few years. It is a known fact that good nutrition, adequate intake of vitamins and minerals with diet, compliance with work-rest regime is a necessary condition for the prevention and elimination of clinical presentations of these pathologies.

Aim. To assess the results of the use of biologically active food additives Doppelherz® Kinder Omega-3 for children from 7 years old and Doppelgerz® Kinder multivitamins for children in paediatric population with signs of asthenia and asthenopia.

Materials and methods. A total of 90 children aged 7-12 years with signs of reactive asthenia and asthenopia were included in the study. Patients in group 1 received the biologically active food additive Doppelherz® Kinder Omega-3 for children from 7 years old; patients in group 2 – Doppelgerz® Kinder multivitamins for children; patients in group 3 – did not receive any biologically active food additives or vitamins.

Results. The CISS questionnaire showed a reduction in the severity of signs of asthenopia in group 1, less pronounced reduction of signs in group 2, and insignificant reduction in group 3. The Swanson scale showed a decrease in the degree of inattention in group 1, a decrease in the degree of inattention and impulsivity in group 2. I.K. Shats questionnaire showed that asthenia decreased from severe to moderate in group 1, and from severe to a fatigue reaction in group 2. In all groups that complied with the general recommendations, an increase in the relative accommodation reserve was observed. Evidence from pupillography indicates decreased accommodation tension, which was more pronounced in group 2 as compared with group 1, and insignificant in group 3. The Norn test and the tear meniscus height values confirmed an improvement in the tear film status, which was more pronounced in group 1 than in group 2.

Discussion. There are three main directions of the treatment strategy for asthenia: etiopathogenetic, nonspecific and symptomatic therapy. Targeted addition of vitamin and mineral complexes to a child’s diet is a reasonable and integral part of the pathogenetic treatment of asthenia and asthenopia.

Conclusion. A decrease in signs of asthenopia, improvement of the tear film state, reduction in signs of inattention due to increased concentration, and improvement of memory was observed in the group of patients who used the biologically active food additives with omega-3 for children from 7 years old, as compared to the control group. A decrease in signs of asthenia, and improvement of the tear film state was observed in the group of patients who used multivitamins for children — chew strips with raspberry flavour.
Analysis of probiotic’s impact on the clinical manifestations and severity of acute respiratory infections
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Koshechkin S. I. , Odintsova V. Е. , Romanov V. A. , Popenko A. S. , Pervishko O. V. , Larina V. G. , Fedotova M. M. , Prokopyeva V. D. , Shegai L. V. , Mozzhukhina M. V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Acute respiratory infections cover majority of pediatric outpatient visits and hospitalizations, especially during the cold and flu epidemic season.

Aim. To evaluate the effect of Baс-Set Cold/Flu probiotic on the clinical manifestations and severity of acute respiratory infections (ARI) along with standard symptomatic therapy during periods of increased morbidity (November 2023 – March 2024).

Materials and methods. This study was an open-label, observational, multicenter study. The number of subjects was 234: 111 volunteers in the first group (experimental) and 123 volunteers in the second group (control) aged from 2 to 10 years inclusive (mean age 5.79) with a diagnosis of ARI. Patients of the first group took Bac-Set  Cold/Flu probiotic along with standard symptomatic therapy in comparison with control group which took a standard symptomatic therapy only. Statistical analysis was performed using the R programming language.

Results and discussion. The use of probiotic significantly reduced the number of complications and the prescription of antibiotic therapy by more than three times (5% in the probiotic group versus 17% in the control group). A significant difference was revealed in the total duration of the disease (the maximum period from the first symptom of fever to the fact of complete recovery, – absence of fever within last 48 hours) between groups (Mann- Whitney test, p-value = 0.017). In the experimental group, the average duration of illness was 6.2 ± 3.7 days, in the control group – 7.2 ± 3.1 days. A statistically significant difference in the duration of fever was also revealed (Mann-Whitney  test, p-value = 0.006). In the control group, on average, fever lasted 1 day longer. The median maximum temperature in the probiotic group was 0.5 degrees lower at the 2nd visit compared to the control group. The use of the probiotic did not affect the symptoms of cough, nasal congestion and the color of nasal discharge, but a trend was recorded for the effect on the symptoms of sore throat.

Conclusion. The use of a probiotic reduced the number of complications and the prescription of antibiotic therapy by more than three times, the duration of the disease and fever.
Natural Products Diversity from Genus Aspergillus: A Bioinformatics Study for Insecticidal Activity against the Aedes aegypti Vector
Authors: F. de Araújo Inana , S. Ramos Ryan , J. S. Matos Mateus , B. R. dos Santos Cleydson , - Maryam , N. P. Souto Raimundo , M. Ferreira Irlon
Published: August 2024

Computational predictive approaches present themselves as an attractive alternative in the search for new compounds that may present toxic or growth regulatory activity in Aedes aegypti. Aspergillus species is a producer of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. In this study, it was possible to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties in silico, as well as the prediction of the insecticidal biological activities of the juvenile hormone of natural substances produced by the genus Aspergillus. Initially, 187 molecules were cataloged from various species of Aspergillus spp., and only seven molecules of indole alkaloids were found to exhibit a toxic dose 50% (TD50) after conducting toxicity predictions. The molecular dynamic simulation trajectories were utilized to study parameters such as root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation, radius of gyration and intermolecular hydrogen bond to understand the behavior and stability of proposed compounds in the binding pocket of the target protein. The N-β-acetyltryptamine molecule showed a binding affinity value of –8.100 ± 0.200 kcal mol-1, which classifies the compound as a potential insecticidal agent against the Aedes aegypti vector.
Discussion Paper
Authors: Schelbert Vasco , Narayan Abishek
Published: August 2024

The initiative responds to a huge and growing public need – safe sanitation in combination with access to safe drinking water and hygiene underpins good health. The aim of this initiative is reshaping the global urban sanitation agenda by focusing on inclusive sanitation service goals and the service systems required to achieve them – rather than the traditional singular focus on expanding sewer networks and treatment works. This forms part of IWA's larger agenda to promote inclusive, resilient, water-wise, and sanitation-secure cities. This initiative is being progressed through a dedicated campaign #SanitAction to garner support and collaborative action.
Organoselenium-based Azomethines as Apoptosis Inducers in Colorectal Carcinoma via P53, BAX, Caspase-3, Caspase-6, and Caspase-9 Modulations
Authors: Shaaban Saad , Hammouda Mohamed M. , Althikrallah Hanan A. , Al Nawah Jawaher Y. , Ba-Ghazal Hussein , Sharaky Marwa , Abulkhair Hamada S. , Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Organoselenium (OSe) agents and Schiff bases have demonstrated
immense potential in the pharmaceutical field due to their broad spectrum of medicinal activities.

Methods:

We herein report the antitumor activities of bis diselenide-based Schiff bases
(3a-3c) derived from bis(4-aminophenyl)diselenide 2 and organoselenide-based Schiff bases
(5a-c) derived from p-(methylselanyl)phenyl amine (4). The antitumor activity was estimated
against fifteen cancer cell lines. Also, the growth inhibition percentage (GI%) of the
Schiff bases tethered OSe compounds was evaluated against two normal cell lines, namely,
human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and olfactory ensheathing cell line (OEC), to estimate the potential
safety and selectivity. Furthermore, the cytotoxic inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50)
was assessed against the cancer cell lines with the most outstanding GI% using the SRB assay.

Results:

Compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, and 5a showed the lowest IC50 values compared to those of
doxorubicin (DOX) against HCT116, HEPG2, A549, MDA-MB-468, and FaDu cancer cell
lines, respectively, especially against the HCT116 subtype, assuring their potential anticancer
activity. On the other side, the apoptotic potentials of the most active compounds (3a, 3b, 3c,
and 5a) were also evaluated for apoptosis-related genes (P53, BAX, caspases 3, 6, 8, and 9,
MMP2, MMP9, and BCL-2). Interestingly, compounds 3a, 3b, 3c, and 5a upregulated P53,
BAX, and caspases 3, 6, 8, and 9 by (2.66, 2.26, 2.44, and 2.57)-, (1.62, 1.52, 1.37, and
1.47)-, (1.87, 1.75, 2.02, and 1.75)-, (1.96, 1.74, 2.06, and 2.30)-, (4.25, 3.78, 3.53, and
3.96)-, and (2.04, 1.72, 1.90, and 1.63)-fold change, respectively. Furthermore, MMP2, MMP9,
and BCL-2 were downregulated by (0.39, 0.51, 0.33, and 0.28)-, (0.29, 0.32, 0.37, and
0.41)-, and (0.42, 0.35, 0.29, and 0.38)-fold-change, upon treatment with compounds 3a, 3b,
3c, and 5a, respectively, assuring the apoptotic potentials. Finally, molecular docking also
greatly recommends the potential activity of the examined candidates (especially 3a and 3c)
against the GSTP1 receptor as a recommended mechanism for their antitumor activity.

Conclusion:

Our findings point to significant anticancer activities of Schiff bases tethered
OSe agents, suggesting their promising potential for development as effective anticancer
drugs.
Active Ingredients and Mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in the Treatment of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Network Pharmacology Study
Authors: Wang Min , Liang Yanbin , Qin Yuce , Ma Ruimian , Yu Huanting , Wang Weixue , Zhang Xiaoxi
Published: August 2024

Background:

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common diabetes complication with limited
medications. Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD) has been used in the treatment of diabetes and its related complications
in China for several decades.

Objective:

In this study, network pharmacology was employed to predict the active ingredients, key targets,
and pathways involved in the treatment of DCM by GQD and to validate it by animal experiments.

Methods:

The active ingredients of GQD were retrieved from TCMSP and published literature. DCM-related
gene targets were searched in Drugbank, Genecards, Disgenet, and OMIM disease databases. Protein-protein
interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape. GO analysis and KEGG
pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the Metascape platform. Moreover, a diabetic mouse
model was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of GQD by measuring serum biochemical markers
and inflammation levels. Finally, the expression of predicted key target genes was determined using real-time
quantitative PCR.

Results:

A total of 129 active ingredients were screened from GQD. Moreover, 146 intersecting genes related
to DCM were obtained, with key targets, including AKT1, TNF, IL6, and VEGFA. Lipid and atherosclerosis,
AGE-RAGE, PI3K-AKT, and MAPK pathways were identified. Blood glucose control, decreased inflammatory
factors, and serum CK-MB levels were restored after GQD intervention, and the same occurred with the
expressions of PPAR-γ, AKT1, APOB, and GSK3B genes.

Conclusion:

Quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, 7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone, and formononetin may exert
major therapeutic effects by regulating key factors, such as AKT1, APOB, and GSK3B, in the inflammatory
reaction, glycolipid oxidation, and glycogen synthesis related signaling pathways.
Methodological Approaches for Increasing the Retroviral Transduction Efficiency of Primary NK Cells
Authors: Streltsova Maria A. , Palamarchuk Anastasia I. , Vavilova Julia D. , Ustiuzhanina Maria O. , Boyko Anna A. , Velichinskii Rodion A. , Alekseeva Nadezhda A. , Grechikhina Maria V. , Shustova Olga A. , Sapozhnikov Alexander M. , Kovalenko Elena I.
Published: August 2024

Background:

The growing attention to NK cells for cancer cell therapy is associated with the need
to establish highly efficient protocols for their genetic modification, particularly by retroviral transduction.

Objective:

In this work, we have optimized several stages of the retroviral-based modification process, and determined
the distribution of the amino acid transporter ASCT2 between NK cell subsets.

Methods:

Retroviral particles were produced using the Phoenix Ampho cell line transfected with the calcium
phosphate method . We used RD114-based retroviral transduction for lymphocyte cell lines and primary NK
cells.

Results:

We have determined the optimal time to collect the RD114-pseudotyped viral supernatants resulting
in the titer of viral particles required for efficient NK cell modification to be between 48 and 72 hours. Retroviral
modification by retronectin-based method did not alter NK cell functional activity and cell survival. We
identified differences in the Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) among cell lines that were partially associated
with the ASCT2 surface expression. Cells with higher ASCT2 levels were more susceptible to transduction
with RD114-pseudotyped viral particles. Higher ASCT2 expression levels were revealed in activated CD57+
and KIR2DL2DL3+ NK cells compared to their negative counterparts.

Conclusion:

Our findings provide a more nuanced understanding of NK cell transduction, offering valuable insights
for improving therapeutic applications involving NK cell modification.
Impact of Breast Tissue Heterogeneity on Microwave Ablation Performance: Insights from Computational Modeling
Authors: Pinto García Eduardo , Cepeda Rubio Mario Francisco Jesus , Guerrero López Geshel David , Segura Félix Kristian , Hernández Jaquez Jose Irving , Flores García Francisco , Vera Hernández Arturo , Leija Salas Lorenzo
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, and
treatments often have severe physiological and aesthetic side effects. Researchers are exploring minimally
invasive techniques, such as Microwave Ablation therapy (MWA), to mitigate these effects.

Method:

This study has investigated the impact of microwave ablation therapy on breast tissue with
segmental microcalcifications, which can show breast cancer presence. This research work has used a
coaxial dual-slot antenna model to apply microwave radiation and compare thermal and reflection
parameters between homogeneous and heterogeneous breast tissues.

Results:

The results have shown homogeneous models to yield a power reflection below 17% and
achieve the desired ablation temperature of 50°C in less than 250 seconds of therapy time. However,
heterogeneous models have achieved a power reflection above 18% and achieved the desired ablation
temperature in less than 250 seconds. This suggests that considering variation in dielectric properties
within a homogeneous breast model can be more effective than considering tissue segmentation.

Conclusion:

Further research needs to optimize the antenna for each homogeneous breast density,
considering other malignant tissues, which can potentially improve the effectiveness of microwave
ablation therapy in treating breast cancer.
Rituximab therapy for adult refractory systemic lupus erythematosus with neurological and/or psychiatric presentations: a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis
Authors: Asad Ayoubi Mehran , Moghaddasi Maryam , Aloosh Mehdi
Published: August 2024

Background:

Rituximab (RTX) is used off-label for refractory cases of Systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) with extrarenal activity, including neurological and/or psychiatric (N/P) presentations.
However, evidence from randomized controlled trials is limited.

Objective:

This study aimed to conduct a pooled analysis of the effectiveness and safety of RTX
therapy for adult refractory SLE with N/P manifestations.

Methods:

Electronic searches in databases and statistical analysis were conducted in this study.

Results:

Electronic searches in PubMed, Epistemonikos, and ICTRP in May 2023 identified 20
studies (25 reports). A total of 59 patients (53 females; 90%) were included, with a mean age of
33.5±10.6 years and a median disease duration of 3.5 years (range, 0.08 to 25.0) who were followed
up post-RTX therapy for a median time of 12 months (range, 3.0 to 46.2). The rate of clinical
response (partial or major) was 90% (95% CI, 83 to 96) (n = 57 patients). A third of responders
relapsed after a median time of 9.5 months (range, 3.0 to 33.0). Pooled pre-RTX/post-RTX
scores for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) (n = 13) were
19±15/7±5 and for neurological British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) (n = 29) were
A/D (13), A/C (5), B/D (7), B/C (2), and A/A (2). Patients without mood disorder had a higher
chance of clinical response {relative risk (RR) 1.4 (1.03 to 1.48)}. Patients who benefited the
most from RTX therapy were those with psychosis (a higher chance of major clinical response;
RR 1.9 (1.02 to 2.34)), without acute confusional state (a lower chance of relapse; RR 0.08 (0.006
to 0.791)), and with disease duration <3 years (a lower chance of relapse; RR 0.18 (0.014 to
0.992)). Infection rate during treatment was 33% (7/21).

Conclusions:

RTX therapy had good effectiveness. The pooled evidence for safety outcomes was
limited and of low certainty.
Lanthanide Metal-Doped Ca Aluminate Nanoflakes with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Zhang Yong , Sun Zizhan , Ban Zhangjie , Cai Chenxi , Cai Zhengyu , Pei Lizhai
Published: August 2024

Background:

Ca aluminate (CaAlO) is an important aluminate material that shows
promising applications in optics, catalysts, photoelectrons, semiconductors, and biological materials.
The band gap of the CaAlO nanoflakes is as large as 3.87 eV, limiting the application of the
CaAlO nanoflakes. Thus, it is essential to research efficient methods for improving the photocatalytic
performance of the CaAlO nanoflakes. The improvement of gentian violet degradation can be
further enhanced by lanthanide metal doping.

Methods:

Lanthanide metal (La or Pr)-doped CaAlO nanoflakes were prepared using a simple
method. Lanthanide metal-doped CaAlO nanoflakes were analyzed by electron microscopy, X-ray
diffraction, photoelectron spectra, solid diffusion reflectance, and photoluminescence spectra.

Results:

La or Pr was incorporated into the CaAlO nanoflakes with orthorhombic Ca5Al6O14 phase.
La dopant with the content of 8wt.% existed in the form of hexagonal La0.9Al11.7O19. Pr dopant induced
the phase transformation from the orthorhombic Ca5Al6O14 phase to the cubic Ca3Al2O6 phase.
The size of the doped nanoflakes reduced from 2 μm to 500 nm with increasing the content of
lanthanide metal dopants. The band gap of the lanthanide metal-doped CaAlO nanoflakes decreased
from 3.74 eV to 2.98 eV, decreasing the La dopant from 8 wt.% to 2 wt.%, 3.62 eV to 3.34 eV and
improving Pr dopant from 2 wt.% to 8 wt.%. About 20 mL of 10 mgL-1 gentian violet was entirely
removed using 2 wt.%-La-doped CaAlO nanoflakes under irradiation for 30 min, and 8wt.%-Prdoped
CaAlO nanoflakes under irradiation for 50 min, respectively. 2wt.%-La-doped CaAlO
nanoflakes exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation reaction rate constant (0.115 min-1),
which was 3.6 times as high as that of the CaAlO nanoflakes. The major reaction active substances
involved in the photo-degradation were hydroxyl radicals and holes.

Conclusion:

Photocatalytic activity of the CaAlO nanoflakes towards gentian violet can be greatly
enhanced by lanthanide metals owing to the harvest light absorption, reduced band gap, and recombination
ability of photo-generated electron-hole pairs.
Effects of MWCNTs on the Improved Mechanical Characteristics of Cementitious Composite
Authors: Gnanasaravanan S. , Ayeshamariam A. , Saravanakkumar D. , Nagarani N. , Baraneedharan P. , Mohamed S.B.
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Concrete's filler material gets strengthened over time by specific
chemical reactions that harden it. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are more
frequently used as fillers than SWCNTs, owing to their lower cost of production and their
superior reinforcement properties in cement composites.

Methods:

Mechanical properties like compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and
modulus of elasticity are proportional to the water/cement ratio (w/c) and are considered
critical criteria in the design of structural elements.

Results:

The aim of the present work was to prepare, characterize, and determine the effects
that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can have on the mechanical
strength of various matrix cementitious composites.

Conclusion:

The results showed that the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to the
concrete greatly improved both its compressive strength and its splitting tensile strength.
Green-synthesized Metal Nanoparticles for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Critical Review
Authors: Waykar Ravindra , Kumarapillai Srinivasakumar , Kulkarni Yogesh A.
Published: August 2024

:

The utilization of chemotherapy remains an established therapeutic strategy in the ongoing
fight against cancer. Nevertheless, it has been impeded by the occurrence of several fatal adverse
reactions caused by non-specific toxicity often associated with chemotherapy. Nanotechnology is an
emerging field of research that is experiencing rapid growth and is widely recognized as a highly
promising approach for advanced cancer therapy. Biosynthesized green nanomaterials are emerging
as promising tools for cancer treatment and diagnosis. Metal nanoparticles have been developed for
use in several applications, including magnetically sensitive medication delivery, photothermal
treatment, and photoimaging. Nanomaterials containing metals, such as iron, cobalt, and silver,
which are generated from various bio-sources, have been described. The boundless capabilities of
nanoparticles have already had a profound impact on human existence. Nevertheless, the potential
adverse effects of nanoparticles on human health have consistently instilled apprehension. A thorough
investigation of the toxicity and intricate nature of nanomaterials has facilitated the emergence
of nanotoxicology, a field that examines the fundamental origins of these problems. The introduction
of green chemistry principles has aimed to provide safer techniques for the production and management
of nanomaterials, resulting in the emergence of green nanotechnology. This review article highlights
the potential uses of green nanotechnology for the detection and management of tumors, including
the challenges they face in reaching clinical trials.
Mechanical and Thermal Characterizations of Polypropylene Composite Reinforced with Alkali-Treated Sisal Fiber
Authors: Erna Seshweni Mantsha Hennie , Botlhoko Orebotse Joseph , Kumar Pawan , H.M. Vishwanatha , Kumar Ajay , Obadele Babatunde Abiodun , Elizabeth Makhatha Mamookho
Published: August 2024

Background:

Owing to the promising characteristics— high strength-to-weight ratio,
acoustic and thermal insulation, renewable and biodegradable, sisal fiber-based composites have
been explored. Including patents, interesting literature is available on sisal fiber-based composites.

Method:

The materials under investigation were sisal fiber (SF), polypropylene (PP), and sisal- fiber-
reinforced polypropylene composite (SFR-PC). Three different samples of SFR-PC were fabricated
via injection molding. Their morphological-, mechanical-, thermal-, and water absorptionproperties
were analyzed.

Results:

The untreated sisal fiber (USF) sample showed a network microstructure with micro-void;
however, the alkali (NaOH)-treated sisal fiber (TSF) sample envisages surface roughness morphology.
The C-O stretching vibration of the acetyl groups of lignin in the USF vanished after the alkali
treatment of SF. The degree of crystallinity index, thermal stability, weight loss, and water resistance
improved with the alkali (NaOH) treatment of SF. The tensile modulus (E) for SFR- PC
showed an increasing trend with the addition of TSF at all weights % envisaging a better interaction
between polymer matrix and reinforcement; however, the 90PP-10TSF sample exhibited the highest
storage modulus (Eˈ) at all temperatures due to the TSF distribution and agglomeration in the
polymer matrix. The addition of TSF improved the loss modulus (E˝) for the SFR-PC sample as
compared to the PP sample.

Conclusion:

The 90PP-10TSF sample showed the optimum distribution of TSF in the PP matrix.
DSC secondary heating thermograph depicted that the addition of TSF did not affect the melting
temperature of SFR-PC samples, and the cooling thermograph showed that the addition of TSF in
the polymer matrix gradually increased the crystallization temperature, suggesting a better packing
of the cellulose chain. The 70PP-30TSF sample showed the highest absorption, followed by 80PP-
20TSF and 90PP-10TSF samples, whereas the PP sample showed the lowest absorption.
Qualitative Tests for Lipid Detection
Authors: Joshi Sai , Hait Sinchan , Bhosale Pranali
Published: August 2024

Qualitative tests are the primary assays for detecting the presence of any
lipids in a given sample. Qualitative detection of lipids is based on the chemical
interactions between components of lipids and certain chemical reagents added to
them. These chemical reagents allow for the properties of lipids like hydrophobicity,
translucency, or colourimetric analysis due to colour changes. These tests have been
explained in detail in this chapter.
Estudos de usuário da informação: Conceitos, modelos e aplicações
Authors: Paletta Francisco Carlos
Published: August 2024

Introduction: the research presents an analysis of the main issues associated with the development and application of Information User Studies. Diagnosis and Methodology: the research approach was a qualitative method of information collection focused on offering subsidies for the analysis of the services offered by the library to the information user. Data Collection and Analysis: collecting data from the BRAPCI database to identify and analyze the models and applications of information user studies. Conclusion: contributes to the development of a methodology that aims to support librarians in the implementation of information user studies. From the results of the user study, it is possible to identify potential innovations focused on the development of value-added services to the user in the digital age.