bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the Role of Religion in Orlando Fals Borda’s Ideas of Social Change, 1948–1970
Authors: Díaz-Arévalo Juan Mario
Published: June 2022

Scholars of the renowned Colombian sociologist and cofounder of participatory action research Orlando Fals Borda (1925–2008) have generally acknowledged that both his Presbyterian upbringing and his friendship with the Catholic priest Camilo Torres strongly influenced his thinking and writing. An examination of the way this religious background appears in his early academic writing both extends and refines this more conventional view by considering how his involvement in religious matters influenced his understanding of what social change was and hence of his role as a sociologist committed to it. Analysis of the complex network of knowledges and relations articulated with regard to Fals Borda’s involvement with religious matters during a crucial stage of his intellectual history sheds light on the close relation between ethics, social research, and politics at the basis of participatory action research.

Estudiosos del reconocido sociólogo colombiano y co-fundador de la investigación acción participativa Orlando Fals Borda (1925–2008) suelen reconocer que tanto su educación presbiteriana como su amistad con el sacerdote católico Camilo Torres influyeron fuertemente en su pensamiento y escritura. Una investigación de la forma en que este trasfondo religioso aparece en su escritura académica temprana extiende y refina esta percepción un tanto convencional al considerar cómo su participación en asuntos religiosos influyó en su comprensión de lo que implicaba el cambio social y, por lo tanto, de su papel como sociólogo comprometido. El análisis de la compleja red de conocimientos y relaciones articuladas en torno a la participación de Fals Borda en asuntos religiosos durante un período crucial de su historia intelectual arroja lluz sobre la estrecha relación entre la ética, la investigación y la política que forma la base de la investigación acción participativa.
Improved model-free fractional-order intelligent proportional–integral fractional-order sliding mode control with anti-windup compensator
Authors: Ardjal Aghiles , Bettayeb Maamar , Mansouri Rachid
Published: June 2022

In addition to the difficulty of system modeling, every physical system faces actuator saturation, making the real control different from the controller output (desired control input). When this occurs, the controller output does not regulate the system properly and errors occur as a result of incorrect updating. This is known as the windup phenomenon. In the event that the controller is configured to override actuator saturation, it can lead to a failure in the controller’s performance, such as large overshoots, high response time, and even system instability in the worst case. Therefore, in this paper, a new robust model-free controller method is proposed. It is a combination of four nonlinear control techniques, namely model-free controller, fractional-order sliding mode controller, fractional integral–proportional (PI) controller, and anti-windup compensator, which gives rise to the new model-free controller algorithm called hybrid fractional-order intelligent PI fractional sliding mode controller with an anti-windup compensator termed (MF-FOiPI-FOSMC-AW). However, to illustrate the effectiveness of the new proposed MF-FOiPI-FOSMC-AW method, simulation and experimental results compared to classical PI and iPI controllers (with and without an anti-windup compensator) on a hydraulic system are presented in the presence or absence of external disturbances for different types of references. Finally, simulation is conducted through an experimental comparison of the proposed approach with other strategies such as the classical anti-windup PI controller and the anti-windup intelligent PI controller, which is carried out for this purpose.
Integration sliding mode control for vehicle yaw and rollover stability based on nonlinear observation
Authors: Sun Chuanbin , Xu Zhangbao , Deng Shuchao , Tong Baohong
Published: June 2022

An active rear steering and direct yaw moment (ARS-DYC) coordination control is conducted on the basis of nonlinear fuzzy observation to improve yaw and roll stability control of vehicles under extreme conditions. First, a Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) model of yaw and roll motion is established, and tire nonlinearity at emergency steering is approximated with sector domain. A nonlinear fuzzy observation model is established on the basis of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to observe the sideslip angle, yaw rate, and roll state accurately under extreme conditions in real time. Second, an improved ideal yaw reference model under the T-S framework is constructed in accordance with the effect of yaw rate on roll stability, and the feedforward control of roll stability is achieved through yaw motion tracking. A fuzzy sliding mode controller is designed on the basis of nonlinear fuzzy observation considering tire sideslip stiffness and actuator constraints, and the coordinated control strategy of layered sliding mode surface for yaw and roll is constructed. Finally, the parameters of sub-sliding mode surface are adjusted with the 4-wire phase plane stability domain, the main sliding mode surface parameters are adjusted following the roll stability index, and the stability of the fuzzy sliding mode controller is proven in the Lyapunov framework. A hardware-in-loop simulation test is established with Carsim-Labview software, and results show that the proposed controller significantly enhances the yaw and roll stability of vehicles under the extreme steering process, due to the accuracy of nonlinear dynamic observation and the flexibility of layered sliding surface coordinated control.
Study on the cooling performance of a radiative cooling-based ventilated roof for its application in buildings
Authors: Chen Lufang , Zhang Kai , Song Ge , Li Fei
Published: June 2022

Radiative cooling has been demonstrated as an effective way to reduce building energy consumption especially for the recently developed diurnal radiative cooling materials. The most convenient application of radiative cooling materials is configured as the cool roofs. However, cool roofs will produce cooling energy throughout the year which will lead to the increase of heating penalty in the heating season. This phenomenon will offset part of the cooling benefit from radiative cooling. The ventilated roofs are also commonly employed in buildings for achieving energy-saving by reducing the heat gain from the roof to the building. To reduce the influence of radiative cooling in the heating season, a radiative cooling-based ventilated roof (RCVR) is proposed in this study by integrating the ventilated roof with the radiative cooling-based cool roof. The process of the heat transfer through RCVR is analyzed, and the simplified heat transfer model is developed. And then the effect of RCVR configuration on the room temperature is discussed in detail through CFD simulation. Finally, the annual electricity consumption of the building with RCVR is derived using EnergyPlus. The results show that the annual comprehensive performance of RCVR is superior to the cool roof and original roof since the total annual electricity consumption of the building with RCVR can be decreased by 21.8% and 16.9% compared with that of cool roof and original roof.

Practical application: A radiative cooling-based ventilated roof (RCVR) is proposed by integrating the ventilated roof with the radiative cooling-based cool roof. The results show that the annual comprehensive performance of RCVR is superior to the cool roof and original roof. This study can provide the guiding significance for the application of RCVR, in which the building energy consumption can be further decreased for the application of radiative cooling in buildings.
Cultural Differences in Rumination and Psychological Correlates: The Role of Attribution
Authors: Choi Jeong Ha (Steph) , Miyamoto Yuri
Published: June 2022

Cross-cultural research suggests that rumination may have weaker maladaptive effects in Eastern than in Western cultural contexts. This study examines a mechanism underlying cultural differences in mental health correlates of rumination from sociocultural cognitive perspective. We propose that cultures differ in how people attribute rumination, which can lead to cultural differences in the link between rumination and mental health correlates. We developed the Attribution of Rumination scale, tested cultural differences (Study 1), and examined its relationship with theoretically related constructs (Study 2). In Study 3, self-doubt attribution moderated the association between rumination and mental health, partly explaining cultural differences in the rumination–mental health link. Study 4 replicated self-doubt attribution moderating the link between rumination and mental health among Asians. Furthermore, greater exposure to American culture was associated with self-doubt attribution. This work provides a novel approach to understanding cultural differences in the association between rumination and negative psychological correlates.
Mothers and Children Doing Mathematics Together: Implications for Teacher Learning
Authors: Civil Marta , Quintos Beatriz
Published: June 2022

Background/Context:

There is much to understand about how parents and children interact around mathematics, particularly with families whose home language is different from the children’s main language of schooling. Families of immigrant origin are likely to bring experiences and knowledge that may be different from what their children’s schools expect or value. Educators can benefit greatly from a better understanding of these experiences and the nature of the parent–child mathematical interactions.

Purpose/Focus of Study:

Learning about and from the nature of parent–child mathematical interactions can support the in-school learning of mathematics of bilingual children. We use positioning theory to explore the question, “What are the positions in parent–child interactions during mathematics tasks?”

Setting:

The context for our study is workshops designed to engage families in explorations of mathematical tasks from the school curriculum, with a focus on conceptual understanding and problem-solving. The workshops were bilingual; most parents were of Mexican origin and had Spanish as their primary language, while their children were being taught in English at school. The workshops built on two related theoretical concepts: funds of knowledge and parents as intellectual resources.

Research Design:

This study focuses on interactions between parents and children around mathematics. We did a purposeful selection of video clips from the workshop recordings. In this article, we focus on two cases that present two different contexts, a game situation and a more school-like mathematics activity. We used positioning theory to interpret how the mothers and children related with each other and therefore interactively positioned themselves and each other.

Findings:

In both cases, mothers and daughters held the position of knowledge holders, and their positions changed in moment-to-moment interactions. Also, while at times, the mothers exerted a position of authority as mothers, they did not use this position to impose their views; rather, they engaged with their daughters in the learning process. The mothers and their daughters drew on their everyday ways of being (e.g., playfulness, translanguaging) in their mathematical interactions. The interactions showed instances of co-learning, that is, adapting and learning from each other.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

The mothers and daughters in this study drew on their everyday ways of being, including their cultural and linguistic funds of knowledge, during the mathematical interactions. Teachers can improve their practice by learning about these interactions. It is important to explore how educators can develop co-learning environments in the classroom that support collaborative sense-making.
Normative views and resource distribution behavior in childhood: Dissociated at the group level, but associated at the individual level
Authors: Christner Natalie , Wörle Monika , Paulus Markus
Published: June 2022

Previous research debated whether and to which extent normative views and own resource distribution behavior in childhood are dissociated or aligned. The present study aims to advance this debate by examining the relation from two different methodological viewpoints within the same study. Here, 4–6-year-old children’s ( N = 91) normative views and distribution behavior when confronted with a rich friend and a poor non-friend were assessed. Children’s spontaneous protest and affirmation toward distributors, evaluations, and punishment judgments served as normative indicators. Looking at average normative views and behavior, preschoolers held a normative view toward rectifying inequalities while favoring the rich friend themselves. Looking at the consistency of interindividual differences, preschooler’s normative view correlated with behavior. The study highlights that the relation between normative views and behavior is characterized by both dissociation and coherence.
COVID-19 distress and interdependence of daily emotional intimacy, physical intimacy, and loneliness in cohabiting couples
Authors: Cornelius Talea , DiGiovanni Ana , Scott Allie W , Bolger Niall
Published: June 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 has had a profound impact on relationship functioning, though effects have been heterogeneous. Reasons for divergent effects on relationship functioning remain unclear. Theoretical models suggest that it is not just stress exposure that leads to adverse relationships outcomes, but also subjective response to these stressors. Using data from a 14-day intensive longitudinal study of romantic dyads, we hypothesized that COVID-19-related distress would adversely impact one’s own and one’s partner’s report of relationship functioning, on average. Interdependence at the trait level (random effects between couples) and day level (residuals within couples) was also examined. Methods: Participants were 104 female-male romantic couples cohabiting the New York metropolitan area ( M age = 28.86, SD age = 7.69) between August 2020 – April 2021. Couples reported COVID-19 distress during a baseline interview and daily relationship functioning for 14 days. Multilevel models were specified for six outcomes simultaneously: female and male partner daily physical intimacy, emotional intimacy, and loneliness. Interrelationships of the intercepts of the six outcomes were specified, reflecting trait-level associations of each partner’s stable outcome tendencies. Interrelationships of the daily residuals of the six outcomes were also specified, reflecting within-couple associations at the daily level. Results: Female partner COVID-19 distress was inversely associated with her own emotional and physical intimacy and positively associated with her own and her partner’s loneliness. Male COVID-19 distress was associated with his own loneliness only. There was significant interdependence at both levels, such that greater loneliness in either partner was associated with less intimacy in each member of the couple. Discussion: Only one partner effect for COVID-19 distress emerged, such that female partner distress was associated with male partner loneliness; however, trait- and day-level interdependence suggested that distress may adversely impact relational well-being over time. Future studies should examine reciprocal relationships between COVID-19-related distress and relationship functioning.
COVID-19 outcomes of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory failure vs historical cohort of non-COVID-19 viral infections
Authors: Dave Sagar B , Rabinowitz Ronald , Shah Aakash , Tabatabai Ali , Galvagno Samuel M , Mazzeffi Michael A , Rector Raymond , Kaczorowski David J , Scalea Thomas M , Menaker Jay
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) has become a support modality for patients with acute respiratory failure refractory to standard therapies. VV ECMO has been increasingly used during the current COVID-19 pandemic for patients with refractory respiratory failure. The object of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of VV ECMO in patients with COVID-19 compared to patients with non-COVID-19 viral infections.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all patients supported with VV ECMO between 8/2014 and 8/2020 whose etiology of illness was a viral pulmonary infection. The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes included length of ECMO course, ventilator duration, hospital length of stay, incidence of adverse events through ECMO course.

Results

Eighty-nine patients were included (35 COVID-19 vs 54 non-COVID-19). Forty (74%) of the non-COVID-19 patients had influenza virus. Prior to cannulation, COVID-19 patients had longer ventilator duration (3 vs 1 day, p = .003), higher PaCO2 (64 vs 53 mmHg, p = .012), and white blood cell count (14 vs 9 ×103/μL, p = .004). Overall in-hospital mortality was 33.7% ( n = 30). COVID-19 patients had a higher mortality (49% vs. 24%, p = .017) when compared to non-COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 survivors had longer median time on ECMO than non-COVID-19 survivors (24.4 vs 16.5 days p = .03) but had a similar hospital length of stay (HLOS) (41 vs 48 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenationdays p = .33).

Conclusion

COVID-19 patients supported with VV ECMO have a higher mortality than non-COVID-19 patients. While COVID-19 survivors had significantly longer VV ECMO runs than non-COVID-19 survivors, HLOS was similar. This data add to a growing body of literature supporting the use of ECMO for potentially reversible causes of respiratory failure.
Collaborative Governance at Scale: Examining the Regimes, Platforms, and System in the State of Oregon
Authors: Yoon Nara , Fields Katie , Cochran Bobby , Nabatchi Tina
Published: June 2022

This article takes a first step toward analyzing the characteristics of a cross-policy, state-wide collaborative system. Specifically, using data from the Atlas of Collaboration project, we offer a big-picture analysis of how over 200 externally directed collaborative governance regimes (CGRs) are operationalized in a state-level collaborative system consisting of 13 collaborative platforms operating across five policy areas (economic development, education, health, natural resources, public safety) in Oregon. We focus on three attributes—geographic scope, collaborative size, and collaborative characteristics—aggregated at the system level across CGRs, as well as across collaborative platforms and policy areas. The descriptive findings reveal that collaborative efforts are geographically dispersed across the state, involve thousands of participants representing organizations from the public, private, and nonprofit sectors, and vary across multiple characteristics, such as organizational form, lead organization, funding model, structural roles, staffing, and extent of face-to-face dialogue. These findings lay the groundwork for future theoretical development and empirical research.
Four Coptic-Greek Funerary Stelae in the British Museum
Authors: Almásy-Martin Adrienn
Published: June 2022

Four funerary stelae of the eighth century AD now in the British Museum have previously been assigned to Abydos on the basis that they are all connected to the monastery of the local saint, Apa Moses. This article questions this assumption. A text edition and study of the common features of the stelae suggest that, although they probably do come from the same cemetery, its location is uncertain, and the provenance of Abydos cannot be proven.
An improved mixed distribution for estimating the wind potential in China
Authors: Tahir Hassan , Ahmed Arsalan , Zhao Weidong
Published: June 2022

This work uses the previously developed mixed distribution, however, with added a parameter and function. We introduce the improved mixed distribution model as an alternative wind speed distribution, which combines three distributions. Four extreme value distributions are considered to model mixed distribution, improved mixed distribution, and estimate wind speed. The efficiency of univariate, mixed, and improved mixed distributions on actual wind speed data from China’s diverse regions is estimated. Using the minimal standard error of fit (SEF) test, 65.5% of samples are better suitable for the improved mixed distribution. The best model’s return period is also calculated. Moreover, the addition of another parameter and function in mixed distributions has improved the results. This statistical analysis concluded that improved mixed distributions are more suitable and accurate for assessing wind speed data.
Are New Pavement Condition Indices Necessary for Long-Poor Pavements?
Authors: Calhoon Thomas , Marasteanu Mihai , McGrath Shannon
Published: June 2022

In Minnesota, pavements are considered to be in poor condition when the ride quality index (RQI) is less than or equal to 2.0. However, because there are pavement sections that have remained in poor condition for multiple years, it is not clear whether RQI accurately quantifies the “true” condition of certain sections. In this study, sections that had maintained a poor RQI over time were identified in each district and extensive additional information was obtained from interviews with district engineers and planners. The analysis of the additional information showed that most pavement sections that had remained in poor condition for extended periods were not in poor condition. They represent “anomalies” with unique characteristics, and new parameters must be established to quantify the true condition of these sections.
Application of Geographic Information Systems in Impact Evaluation and Geospatial Portfolio Analysis of Transport Projects
Authors: Yokota Toshiyuki , Pagkalinawan Homer
Published: June 2022

New technologies and global datasets enable transport projects to be assessed more effectively and efficiently. Geospatial data are available retrospectively and remotely, which is particularly useful for evaluators working in countries with constraints on their access to data, including those caused by COVID-19 pandemic. Another advantage is that data quality is the same and comparable across countries. This paper reports the results of geospatial portfolio analysis and economic impact analysis with geospatial data. It generated several interesting findings. For example, the contribution of projects carried out by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) became visible, as about 290 million people live along the road alignments of ADB projects and are therefore potential beneficiaries. Their presence and greater economic activity are indicated by increases in the radiance of nighttime light. The data also demonstrated which countries need to make additional efforts to reduce CO2 emissions from the project areas. Two levels of impact analysis using nighttime light were carried out, which measured local benefits of economic growth. The first assessed a national highway project in Armenia. The contribution of the project to economic growth was more than 2.5% per year. The second found that 33 transportation projects had made an average annual contribution to economic growth of 5%. The authors compared the impact assessed by nighttime light with conventional economic analysis using economic internal rates of return, measuring benefits enjoyed by road users and administrators, and observed a positive correlation between the two.
The National Partnership to Improve Dementia Care and Hospital Readmission Among Skilled Nursing Facility Residents
Authors: Wang Sijiu , Temkin-Greener Helena , Conwell Yeates , Cai Shubing
Published: June 2022

The National Partnership to Improve Dementia Care in Nursing Homes (i.e., the National Partnership) was launched in March 2012. Using national Medicare, Minimum Data Set, and Nursing Home Compare data in CY 2010–2014, we examined changes in hospital readmissions for older post-acute skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD) following the National Partnership. Using residents without ADRD as reference group to control for concurrent policy and SNF quality changes, we estimated linear probability models to examine the relationship between readmissions and the National Partnership for residents with ADRD, and also stratified the analysis by quality of SNFs. We found a decreasing trend in hospital readmissions over time. The risk of readmissions in residents with ADRD decreased additional 0.3 percentage-points (p < .01) after the launch of the National Partnership. This relationship varied across SNFs with different quality, as it was stronger in high-quality compared to low-quality SNFs.
Contribution of a Cluster Approach to Identify the Profiles of Men Sentenced for Sexual Violence According to Their Risk of Reoffending
Authors: Bertsch Ingrid , Potard Catherine , Réveillère Christian , Hoang Pham Thierry , Courtois Robert
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study is to propose a typology of recidivism risk profiles based on the criminogenic needs of a population of men sentenced for sexual violence. Their socio-demographic, criminological, psychological, and psychiatric factors and vulnerabilities are compared. This classification will respond to the need for a better identification of the factors involved in the risk of recidivism of men sentenced for sexual violence, in order to develop more effective management.

Method

Several psychological and psychiatric scales (personality traits, impulsivity, cognitive distortions, empathy, and psychiatric disorders) were completed by 86 men incarcerated for sexual violence. Their socio-demographic and criminological characteristics were also recorded, and the investigator rated three recidivism scales for all participants. Results: Cluster analysis led to identification of two significantly different needs groups. In contrast to the “Lower needs” profile ( n = 54, 64%), the men with a “Higher needs” profile ( n = 32, 36%) were significantly younger and less educated had more adult and extra-familial victims, scored higher on Neuroticism and lower on Conscientiousness and Empathy, and presented with more past and current psychiatric disorders.

Discussion

The overall findings of this study are consistent with the literature on the characteristics of men sentenced for sexual violence with high needs. The assessment and management of men who have committed sexual violence must consider: criminogenic factors, which should be prioritized; past or present psychiatric disorders, which may act as acute risk factors; and non-criminogenic needs, which should not be prioritized, but which may (when linked to criminogenic needs) impact the effectiveness of management.
Psychosocial Risk Pathways from Childhood Sexual Abuse to Intimate Partner Violence among Sexual Minority Men: A Test of the Psychological Mediation Framework of Minority Stress
Authors: Berke Danielle S. , Moody Raymond L. , Grov Christian , Rendina H. Jonathon
Published: June 2022

Although sexual minority men experience elevated rates of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and equal or greater rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization compared to heterosexual individuals, little research has examined mechanisms linking these forms of victimization in this high-need population. We examined general (i.e., emotion regulation difficulties) and sexual minority specific (i.e., internalized homophobia) mediational pathways between CSA and IPV victimization in a longitudinal sample of 940 sexual minority men. Path analyses revealed significant associations between CSA and internalized homophobia, between internalized homophobia and emotion regulation difficulties, and between emotion regulation difficulties and IPV victimization. No indirect effects of CSA on IPV via general or minority specific pathways were observed. Findings suggest that minority stress specific (i.e., internalized homophobia) and general psychological risk factors (i.e., emotion regulation difficulties) co-occur and may function along independent pathways to link CSA to IPV revictimization. Future work is needed to investigate how mitigation of these modifiable pathways may be targeted to inform violence prevention interventions for sexual minority men.
Sexual Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale Sexual Dysfunction in Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale
Authors: Benigno Michelle da Silveira , Amaral Domingues Clayton , Araujo Leite Marco Antonio
Published: June 2022

Objective

Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects older individuals and can cause sexual dysfunction (SD). SD is a determinant of general well-being; but is infrequently assessed in professionally. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) measures SD; unlike other scales, it is minimally invasive and requires little time to complete. This review aimed to assess the prevalence of SD in patients with PD using ASEX.

Methods

Were searched the keywords, "sexual dysfunction,” "Parkinson’s disease" and "ASEX" in 9 databases.

Results

The prevalence of SD ranged from 65%–90%. SD was associated with older age at disease onset, higher Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale scores, age and depression ( p ranged from .001 to <.05). The most observed SD was erectile dysfunction in men.

Conclusion

SD is common among patients with PD. ASEX, although not specific to PD, is an easy and quickly applied tool that can help evaluate SD and guide treatments in PD.
Retention in event-driven PrEP among young Thai men who have sex with men at risk of HIV acquisition
Authors: Traikiatphum Jirawat , Wongharn Prissana , Moonwong Juthamanee , Songtaweesin Wipaporn N , Vitsupakorn Shawin , Premgamone Athiporn , Kawichai Surinda , Puthanakit Thanyawee
Published: June 2022

Background: Daily pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimen of tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) tablet is the standard of care for HIV prevention in Thailand. Event-driven PrEP (ED-PrEP), taking two loading pills 2–24 h prior to sex and two doses afterward, is considered an alternative regimen. This pilot study aimed to describe accuracy of and retention in ED-PrEP use among Thai young men who have sex with men (YMSM).

Methods: A cohort of YMSM aged 15–19 years at risk of HIV infection, defined as reporting irregular condom use or having an HIV-positive sexual partner, was enrolled. All participants were provided oral TDF/FTC, condoms, and the “Raincoat” mobile application, which reminds users when to administer ED-PrEP. Participants attended clinic visits at Months 1, 3, and 6 and followed up by phone at Months 2, 4, and 5. Proper use of ED-PrEP was reported in person-months.

Results: From August 2020 to July 2021, 36 YMSM with a median age of 18.7 (IQR, 17.5–19.4) years were enrolled. Thirty-two participants (88.9%, 95% CI: 73.9–96.9%) were retained at 6 months. No HIV incidence occurred during this study period. Of 197 person-months of follow-up, 69 (35%) involved sexual activity. In this group, 61% used ED-PrEP correctly. “Unplanned sexual activity” was the most commonly cited reason for incorrect use.

Conclusions: YMSM who have infrequent sex had very high retention in ED-PrEP. However, about one-third of the sexually active period, ED-PrEP was not used correctly due to not taking the loading dose, suggesting that this regimen may not be suitable for unanticipated sexual activity.
The utility of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin in detecting infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review
Authors: Bruera Sebastian , Ventura Meredith J , Agarwal Sandeep K , Krause Kate J , Lopez-Olivo Maria A
Published: June 2022

Objectives

We conducted a systematic review with metanalysis to investigate the utility of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) in diagnosing infections in hospitalized patients with SLE.

Methods

We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov , and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) with a search strategy developed by a medical librarian. We included retrospective, cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective studies in our analysis. We used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Studies (QUADAS-2) to assess for bias and applicability. We obtained mean differences, sensitivities, and specificities in our analysis.

Results

We included 26 studies in our analysis. Most studies had an unclear or high risk of bias and our results were widely heterogenous. For the diagnosis of infections, the CRP had a pooled sensitivity of 0.75 (95%CI 0.57-0.94) and specificity of 0.72 (0.59-0.85), PCT had a pooled sensitivity of 0.68 (95% CI 0.0.59–0.77) and specificity of 0.75 (0.59–0.90), and for ESR pooled estimates were not calculated but sensitivity ranged from 50 to 69.8 and specificity from 38.5 to 55.6. Modifying cut-offs improved sensitivities and specificities. The ESR, CRP, and PCT mean differences were all greater in infection groups versus non-infection (10.1, 95% CI 3.2–17.0; 46.8, 95% CI 36.5–57.0; 0.53, 95% CI 0.26–0.80; respectively).

Discussion

Poor sensitivities and specificities were observed for the evaluated biomarkers with substantial heterogeneity in the cut-offs used to determine infection. Although mean biomarker values were increased in the infection group compared with the non-infection, our findings do not support the widespread use of ESR, CRP, or PCT in diagnosing infection in hospitalized patients with SLE due to increased heterogeneity and risk of bias. Further investigation is needed.
The Embodiment of Contempt: Ontario Provincial Prison Food
Authors: Struthers Montford Kelly
Published: June 2022

Prison food is central to the prison experience and is a physically invasive manifestation of carceral power. This article draws on 61 interviews with individuals with lived experience of provincial prisons in Ontario, Canada. Participants reported that the food was unhealthy, small-portioned, bland, and steamed to the point that they could not discern what they were eating. Others reported living in fear of the food, whether because it was molding, spoiled, or had been tampered with. For many participants, their experience of incarceration was that of hunger and unwanted bodily changes. Poor quality prison food bolstered an underground food economy in which trading, gambling, or intimidation were used by prisoners to access more and/or better foods. Overall, prison food was a means through which social, political, and institutional contempt for prisoners was communicated to and embodied by prisoners.
A Research-based Approach to Identify the Health-conscious Consumers in India
Authors: Menon Sindhu R. , Chavadi Chandan A.
Published: June 2022

With the current pandemic, the health-conscious consumer segment, a niche segment, has emerged as a major market for a range of products and services. It is necessary for marketers to identify and profile the health-conscious consumers in the country to devise the right segmentation, targeting, and positioning (STP) strategy and to design a consumer-centric marketing mix. The scales used to measure health consciousness and related concepts are developed and tested in the West and there is no such scale that fits India’s demographic and cultural context. The objective of this study was to conceptualize a reliable health consciousness scale that is relevant to India. This was a quantitative study that was conducted in April–May 2021. Items to be included in the scale were derived based on the review of existing literature and brainstorming among target respondents. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for data reduction. A series of principal component factor analyses using Varimax yielded 12 scale items that loaded onto three factors—health involvement, health responsibility, and health awareness. Scale items were tested for validity and reliability—measures tested include Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, discriminant validity, and average variance extracted. SPSS version 20 and AMOS version 20 were used to analyse data. This study yielded a health consciousness scale that can be used to identify health-conscious consumers in India.
Self-sensing active artificial hair cells inspired by the cochlear amplifier, Part I: Theoretical and numerical realization
Authors: Davaria Sheyda , Tarazaga Pablo A
Published: June 2022

The mammalian cochlear amplifier displays a unique nonlinear characteristic of amplifying or compressing the acoustic stimuli based on their level. Designing control algorithms for artificial hair cells (AHCs) with active sensing capabilities could mimic such dynamics. The present work focuses on developing a novel self-sensing active AHC scheme that implements the amplification/compression function of the AHCs and extends the authors’ previous designs for future cochlear implants or sensor design applications. The AHC functions near a Hopf bifurcation and varies the output piezoelectric voltage by a power-law relationship with the input. It is the first time that a self-sensing AHC is modeled as a quadmorph cantilever controlled by a phenomenological cubic damping controller. The AHC’s control signal is supplied to a pair of its piezoelectric layers and the output of the AHC is the sensed voltage of the second piezoelectric pair. This is in contrast to the previous studies where the AHC’s tip-velocity was measured with external sensors. The requirement of permanent external sensors in the system was a strict limitation that is eliminated in this work. An in-depth study of this novel AHC is conducted in this paper and AHC’s implementation is examined experimentally in Part II of the paper.
Assessing Family Caregiver Communication in Chronic Illness: Validation of the FCCT-CI
Authors: Wittenberg Elaine , Bevan Jennifer L. , Goldsmith Joy V.
Published: June 2022

Background: Chronic illness care demands attention to the unique needs of family caregivers who support care at home, yet few tools exist for family caregiver assessment in the social domain of practice. Objectives: The Family Caregiver Communication Tool (FCCT) assesses caregiver communication as part of the family system and was originally developed for cancer caregivers. The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically-validate a version of the FCCT for Chronic Illness (FCCT-CI). Methods: We revised the FCCT, including the generation of new items, and psychometrically tested it in 303 family caregivers recruited through Amazon Prime Panels. Item reduction through exploratory factor analysis was conducted, internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and concurrent validity was conducted to demonstrate correlation of the new scale with previously validated instruments. Results: A principal axis analysis with promax rotation initially revealed a five-factor structure of the 27 items initially tested, but, after statistical and theoretical reduction and refinement, a 10 item FCCT-CI emerged. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from .74 to .86 for the FCCT-CI instrument. Concurrent validity was supported by bivariate correlation tests. Conclusions: The FCCT-CI is the first psychometrically tested scale designed to assess caregiver communication with chronically ill patients, family members, and palliative care providers about caregiving. The FCCT-CI scale includes but is not limited to cancer caregiving and palliative care contexts and has good reliability and validity. Palliative care providers can use this tool to assess, design, and test interventions to support family caregivers.
What is a podcast? Considering innovations in podcasting through the six-tensions framework
Authors: Rime Jemily , Pike Chris , Collins Tom
Published: June 2022

This essay addresses two questions on the topic of podcast innovation. The first, ‘What is a podcast?’ is answered via a review of the literature, investigating podcasting history and its evolution. The definition of podcasting arising from this analysis – centring on episodic audio, convenient both to produce and experience – takes into account recent changes, providing an up-to-date description of the term, useful for further research on the topic. It is also required to answer our second question: ‘How do we design new ways to produce and listen to podcasts without denaturing the medium?’ By reflecting on the essential features of podcasting and the necessity for innovation in this interdisciplinary medium, a framework of six-tensions is proposed as a means of grounding and potentially boosting innovation. Answering these questions could prove valuable for the future of podcasting, hypothesising a basis for reflection and development in both academia and industry.
Learning from the experts: Evaluating a participatory autism and universal design training for university educators
Authors: Waisman TC , Williams Zachary J , Cage Eilidh , Santhanam Siva Priya , Magiati Iliana , Dwyer Patrick , Stockwell Kayden M , Kofner Bella , Brown Heather , Davidson Denise , Herrell Jessye , Shore Stephen M , Caudel Dave , Gurbuz Emine , Gillespie-Lynch Kristen
Published: June 2022

Autistic students experience strengths and challenges that can impact their full inclusion in higher education, including stigma. A participatory team of autistic and non-autistic scholars developed an autism and universal design (UD) training. This participatory approach centered the voices of autistic collaborators in training design and evaluation. Ninety-eight educators from 53 institutions across five countries completed assessments before training (pre-tests), 89 completed post-tests (after training), and 82 completed maintenance assessments (a month after post-test). Pre-test autism stigma was heightened among males, educators with less autism knowledge, and those who reported heightened social dominance orientation. Autism knowledge, autism stigma, and attitudes toward UD improved with training. Improvements remained apparent a month after post-test but were somewhat attenuated for knowledge and stigma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of maintenance of benefits of an autism training over time. Participants’ main reason for enrolling in the study was to gain a better understanding about neurodiversity. Feedback indicates that this goal was reached by most with the added benefit of gaining understanding about UD. Results suggest that interest in one type of diversity (e.g. autism) can motivate faculty to learn UD-aligned teaching strategies that benefit diverse students more generally.

Lay abstract

Autistic university students have many strengths. They also go through difficulties that professors may not understand. Professors may not understand what college life is like for autistic students. They might judge autistic students. A team of autistic and non-autistic researchers made a training to help professors understand autistic students better. This training also gave professors ideas to help them teach all of their students. Ninety-eight professors did an online survey before the autism training. They shared how they felt about autism and teaching. Before our training, professors who knew more about autism appreciated autism more. Professors who thought people should be equal and women also appreciated autism more. Then, 89 of the professors did our training and another survey after the training. This helped us see what they learned from the training. They did one more survey a month later. This helped us see what they remembered. Our training helped professors understand and value autism. It also helped them understand how they can teach all students better. The professors remembered a lot of what we taught them. This study shows that a training that autistic people helped make can help professors understand their autistic students better.
‘Hitting from the waves’: Public pedagogy and free radio as a counter-narrative to neoliberalism
Authors: Martínez-Rodríguez Francisco Miguel , López-López María Carmen , Fernández-Herrería Alfonso
Published: June 2022

The aim of this article is to analyse a free radio experience in Spain, Radio Almaina, as a model of public pedagogy. We begin by problematising the concept of public pedagogy which, according to Savage, is immersed in a kind of ‘theoretical haze’. We intend to contribute to its clarification by explaining what we understand by ‘pedagogy’, ‘education’ and ‘public space’. Public pedagogy will always be a reflection, a source of knowledge about what happens, from the educational perspective, in those public spaces which have been redefined by political action. Thus, Radio Almaina is contextualised as a free, independent and assembly-style radio station, open to social movements and critical cultural initiatives. It presents a counter-narrative that unveils neoliberal logic from a critical perspective along with a social praxis. Furthermore, it encourages socio-ecological activism, in addition to supporting feminist, social and economic struggles. We analyse three Radio Almaina programmes, relevant because of their themes and diversity of styles, and because of their commitment to citizen mobilisations. Public pedagogy must highlight transformative alternatives and spend less time criticising neoliberalism. By understanding pedagogy in this way, Radio Almaina is fostering forms of resistance and educationally and ethically liberating learning practices, thus shaping an alternative construction of subjectivity.
Game not over: Explaining older adults’ use and intention to continue using a gamified eHealth service
Authors: Hurmuz Marian ZM , Jansen-Kosterink Stephanie M , Hermens Hermie J , van Velsen Lex
Published: June 2022

Background

Gamification within eHealth services can increase eHealth adoption. However, little is known about factors affecting adoption of gamified eHealth among older adults. In this study, we sought to explain the (continued) use of a gamified eHealth service among older adults (55+).

Methods

Participants used a gamified eHealth service, focusing on falls prevention, for 4 weeks and completed a post-test questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model. We used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling to analyse our data.

Results

Seventy-two older adults participated with a mean age of 65.1 years (SD = 7.0). Our results show that first, perceived ease of use affected use of the service (use duration: β = 0.303, R2 = 0.130, and use frequency: β = 0.304, R2 = 0.107). Second, perceived usefulness affected the intention to continue using the service (β = 0.754, R2 = 0.640). Third, use of the service did not predict the intention to continue using it. Furthermore, enjoyment affected perceived usefulness (β = 0.783, R2 = 0.563) and aesthetics affected perceived ease of use (β = 0.634, R2 = 0.652).

Conclusions

This study refutes the expected relation between use and intention to continue use a gamified eHealth service. Additionally, we learned that using theoretical approaches focusing on technology acceptance, are not suitable for explaining (continued) use of gamified eHealth services.
Opening up mediation opportunities by engaging grassroots data: Adaptive and resilient feminist data activism in China
Authors: Sun Yu , Yin Siyuan
Published: June 2022

This article explores the dynamics and practices of feminist data activism that engages with grassroots data to archive cases of sexual violence in China. Drawing on Cammaert’s notion of the mediation opportunity structure, we investigate the mediation process of a feminist data campaign and activists’ communicative practices in contemporary China. By practicing data-activist research, our study shows that the data-based action repertoire opens up hybrid and contingent mediation opportunities for an anti-sexual violence campaign under the current political opportunity structure. We find the paradox of seeking visibility while refusing mainstream media coverage in activist tactics, which embodies a form of adaptive and resilient feminist data activism in the authoritarian context of China. This case study suggests that the dynamics of feminist data activism in China are configured by the tripartite interaction among the disruptive action repertoire, mediation opportunity structure, and political conditions.