bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responses of cucumber grown in recirculating nutrient solution to gradual Mn and Zn accumulation in the root zone owing to excessive supply via the irrigation water
Authors: Tzerakis Constantinos , Savvas Dimitrios , Sigrimis Nick
Published: November 2011

A standard and a high manganese (Mn) level (10 and 160 μM) were combined with a standard and a high zinc (Zn) level (4 and 64 μM) in the nutrient solution supplied to cucumber in closed‐cycle hydroponic units to compensate for nutrient uptake. The concentrations of all nutrients except Mn and Zn were identical in all treatments. The objectives of the experiment were to establish critical Zn and Mn levels in both nutrient solutions and leaves of cucumber grown hydroponically, to assess the impact of gradual Zn and/or Mn accumulation in the external solution on nutrient uptake and gas exchange, and to find whether Mn and Zn have additive effects when the levels of both ions are excessively high in the root zone. The first symptoms of Mn and Zn toxicity appeared when the concentrations of Mn and Zn in the leaves of cucumber reached 900 and 450 mg kg–1 in the dry weight, respectively. Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrations in the leaves reduced the fruit biomass production due to decreases in the number of fruits per plant, as well as the net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, but increased the intercellular CO2 levels. Initially, the Mn or Zn concentrations in the recirculating nutrient solution increased rapidly but gradually stabilized to maximal levels, while the corresponding concentrations in the leaves constantly increased until the end of the experiment. The uptake of Mg, Ca, Fe, and Cu was negatively affected, while that of K and P remained unaffected by the external Mn and Zn levels. The combination of high Mn and Zn seems to have no additive effects on the parameters investigated.
Nanoshell assisted laser soldering of vascular tissue
Authors: Schöni Daniel S. , Bogni Serge , Bregy Amadé , Wirth Amina , Raabe Andreas , Vajtai Istvan , Pieles Uwe , Reinert Michael , Frenz Martin
Published: November 2011

Background and Objectives

Laser tissue soldering (LTS) is a promising technique for tissue fusion but is limited by the lack of reproducibility particularly when the amount of indocyanine green (ICG) applied as energy absorber cannot be controlled during the soldering procedure. Nanotechnology enables the control over the quantitative binding of the ICG. The aim of this study was to establish a highly reproducible and strong tissue fusion using ICG packed nanoshells. By including the chromophore in the soldering scaffold, dilution of the energy absorber during the soldering procedure is prevented. The feasibility of this novel nanoshell soldering technique was studied by assessing the local heating of the area and tensile strength of the resulting fused tissue.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Nanoshells with a diameter of 250–270 nm were loaded with ICG and included in a porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold doped with albumin solder. The nanoshell scaffold was used in a flexible, semi‐dry formulation suitable for surgical use. Heat development, tensile strength as well as tissue damage were assessed.

Results

Rabbit aortic arteries were successfully soldered using an ICG packed nanoshell scaffold. Tensile strengths of these nanoshell soldered anastomoses were found to be 734 ± 327 mN (median = 640 mN). Thermal damage was restricted to the adventitia at the irradiated area. In addition, absorber dilution was prevented during the soldering procedure resulting in significantly lower variance in maximum temperature (P = 0.03) compared to the classical liquid ICG soldering technique.

Conclusion

Using nanoshells, controlled amounts of chromophore could successfully be bound into the polymer scaffold. Diode laser soldering of vascular tissue using ICG‐nanoshell scaffolds leads to strong and reproducible tissue fusion. With optimally chosen settings of irradiation time, nanoshells coating and scaffold properties, our improved LTS procedure demonstrates the potential for a clinically applicable anastomosis technique. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:975–983, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formation of Structured Polygonal Nanoparticles by Phase‐Separated Comb‐Like Polymers
Authors: Weiss Verena M. , Naolou Toufik , Amado Elkin , Busse Karsten , Mäder Karsten , Kressler Jörg
Published: November 2011

A simple approach using comb‐like polymers that undergo nanophase separation between the polyester backbone and the stearoyl side chains is proposed for the preparation of structured non‐spherical nanoparticles from a nanoemulsion. Depending on the degree of esterification of the OH groups of poly(glycerol adipate) differently ordered nanostructures is obtained. A perfect lamellar arrangement is obtained for polymers with a high degree of esterification and leads to spherical nanoparticles with an internal onion‐like structure. However, when the degree of esterification is only 20 mol%, polygonal nanoparticles with an internal pseudo‐hexagonal structure are obtained. The differences in the nanoparticle shapes are related to the volume fraction of the paraffinic pool.
Propagation and excitation of the higher‐order E mode in an insulated image guide
Authors: Dolatsha Nemat , Hesselbarth Jan
Published: November 2011

The use of E mode in an insulated image guide is proposed. This mode has much lower conductor loss than the fundamental, E mode. The electric field of the mode is primarily parallel to the metal ground‐plane; therefore, the mode can be efficiently excited with a compact dipole structure oriented parallel to the ground‐plane. When the insulating layer is of low permittivity and relatively thick, the E mode exhibits the highest effective permittivity (largest propagation constant) of all modes. This reduces unwanted mode coupling at discontinuities. Two example structures, a straight line and a double‐bended line are measured at frequencies around 8 GHz. The excitation of the waveguide causes insertion loss of less than 0.4 dB, and the radiation loss of the bends and the waveguide itself appears to be negligible. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:179–181, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26450
Switchable loop‐loaded printed dipole antenna with a balun/feed structure
Authors: Sondas Adnan , Ucar Mustafa H. B. , Erdemli Yunus E.
Published: November 2011

A switchable loop‐loaded printed dipole antenna is introduced for a frequency‐tuning operation. Two loop elements with extensions are placed asymmetrically at each side of a twisted dipole excited by a balun/feed vertically placed underneath the dipole. PIN diodes are used between each loop element and its extension to achieve switchable antenna operation for 3 and 5.5 GHz bands. Simulated and measurement results are presented to demonstrate the proposed tuning performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:76–79, 2012, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26453
Fabrication and sensing characteristics of the chemical composition grating sensor at high temperatures
Authors: Li Guoyu , Liu Mingsheng , Li Yan , Guan Bai‐ou
Published: November 2011

The fabrication of the chemical composition gratings at high temperatures has been described.In the process of chemical composition, gratings formation, annealing, and development are necessary steps. Furthermore, the sensing characteristics of chemical composition grating sensor have been studied. Experimental results show that the temperature response is nonlinear over a temperature range from room temperature to 900°C, strain response of chemical composition grating sensor is linear at each temperature, and the strain sensitivity of the chemical composition grating sensor is about 1.10 pm με−1 over a temperature range from room temperature to 900°C. So, the chemical composition grating sensors will be an attractive solution for sensing application at high‐temperature environments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26454
RF B1 field localization through convex optimization
Authors: Olson Chris , Yoo Hyoungsuk , Delabarre Lance , Vaughan J.Thomas , Gopinath Anand
Published: November 2011

A 9‐cm wavelength in the human brain at the 400‐MHz Larmor frequency for 9.4‐T leads to pronounced B1 field contours and consequential image inhomogeneity. The objective of this study was to develop a new technique to control this nonuniformity by designing the phase and magnitude of radiofrequency (RF) power emanating from RF coil antenna elements in a multichannel transceiver array. Nonuniformity was used to steer a constructively interfering B1 field node to spatially correlate with an anatomic region of interest. This work outlines a convex (quadratically constrained quadratic problem) formulation of the B1 localization problem and the benefits of such a formulation. This convex formulation was used to design antenna excitation magnitude and phase. Localization is demonstrated in simulated finite difference time domain (FDTD) B1 field human head distributions and human head phantom measurement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:31–37, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26456
Low‐cost, compact printed circular monopole UWB antenna with 3.5/5.5‐GHz dual band‐notched characteristics
Authors: Mishra Sanjeev K. , Gupta Rajiv K. , Vaidya Avinash , Mukherjee Jayanta
Published: November 2011

In this article, a low‐cost, compact printed microstrip‐fed circular monopole ultra‐wideband antenna with dual band‐notched function is proposed.By embedding a C‐shaped slot on the circular radiating patch and a pair of L‐shaped slots on the rectangular ground patch, dual band notched characteristics around 3.5 GHz for WiMAX and 5.5 GHz for wireless local‐area network (WLAN) can be obtained. The proposed antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested. The measured results show UWB impedance bandwidth with dual notch, stable radiation patterns, and constant gain. The proposed antenna, with a compact dimension of 24 × 36 mm2, operates over the frequency band from 2.5 to 10.6 GHz with S11 ≤ −10 dB, except the over the dual notch bands of 3.3–4.2 and 5.1–5.9 GHz. Group delay and transfer function indicate that the antenna has good transient response. In addition, the radiation patterns are nearly omnidirectional in H‐plane and typical monopole‐like in E‐plane. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:242–246, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26457
A circularly polarized microstrip antenna with an arrow‐shaped slotted ground
Authors: Pyo Seongmin , Sung Youngje
Published: November 2011

A new microstrip antenna employing an arrow‐shaped slotted ground has been developed to enable circularly polarized radiation with a super‐compact size. By embedding the axis‐symmetrical arrow‐shaped slot on the ground plane, the resonant frequency is substantially lowered and orthogonally polarized modes are achieved without any degradation in the radiation performance. Simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has about a 62% reduction in size and a remarkable circular polarization performance at the resonant frequency. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:271–273, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26466
Novel CPW‐FED printed monopole antenna with an n‐shaped slot for dual‐band operations
Authors: Fan S. T. , Yin Y. Z. , Hu W. , Song K. , Li B.
Published: November 2011

A novel coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed printed monopole antenna with an n‐shaped slot for dual‐band operations is proposed. By etching an n‐shaped slot on the radiating element, two tunable operating bands can be obtained. The measured results indicate that the impedance bandwidths of the proposed antenna, defined by 10‐dB return loss, are 13.6% (1.85–2.12 GHz) and 5.7% (2.39–2.53 GHz), covering the required bandwidths for PCS (1850.5–1989.5 MHz), CDMA2000 (1850–1990 MHz), TD‐SCDMA (1880–2025 MHz), and 2.4 GHz WLAN (2400–2484 MHz). In addition, good omnidirectional radiation characteristics have been obtained over the entire frequency range of interest. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:240–242, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26475
Branch line coupler using hybrid T‐model structure
Authors: Ali Mohamad , Rahim S.K. A. , Nor M. Z. M. , Jamlos M. F.
Published: November 2011

A reduced size branch line coupler (BLC), which does not use bonding wires, lumped elements, or via holes, is reported in this article. The technique presented uses T‐model approach, which is a combination of low‐impedance and high‐impedance quarter wave transmission lines for realizing the proposed structure. The coupler's operating frequency bandwidth is between 2.1 and 2.67 GHz, and its size has been reduced by almost 75.31% compared with the conventional BLC. The S‐parameters and the phase difference between the output ports are simulated using CST microwave studio, and the simulation results have been compared with the measurements. The BLC has been designed to operate at 2.5 GHz and fabricated on flame resistance board (FR4 Board). The study shows that there is good agreement between the simulated and measured results. The proposed coupler has promising potentials for beam‐forming network applications such as butler matrix due to its smaller size. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:237–240, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26476
Investigation of optical clock division and demultiplexing based on a commercial lithium niobate‐intensity modulator
Authors: Yu Wenke , Lu Dan , Huo Li , Lou Caiyun , Zhao Xiaofan
Published: November 2011

We demonstrate and investigate a simple technique to realize multichannel optical clock division by using a commercial lithium niobate‐intensity modulator (LN‐IM). Optical clock division is achieved by controlling the driving and dc bias voltage of the LN‐IM. 20‐ to 10‐GHz optical clock division experiments of both single and double channel are implemented to verify the performance of the proposed optical clock divider. The phase noise of the extracted 10‐GHz optical clock is less than 95 dBc/Hz. The other function of this technique, demultiplexing of optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) signal is also demonstrated experimentally. The 20‐Gb/s PRBS OTDM signal is successfully demultiplexed to two 10 Gb/s with high quality. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:94–99, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26477
Compact band‐notched ultra‐wideband printed antenna using inverted L‐slit
Authors: Yoon Cheol , Lee Won‐Jong , Kim Woo‐Su , Lee Hwa‐Choon , Park Hyo‐Dal
Published: November 2011

A compact and simple design of a printed antenna for ultra‐wideband (UWB) application with band‐notch characteristics are presented.The antenna size is 30 × 36 × 0.4 mm3 and operates over an extremely wide band of 2.82–13.95 GHz. The desired band‐notched UWB operation can be obtained by choosing the size of the inverted L‐slit. The proposed design consists of an inverted L‐slit as the radiator and a coplanar ground plane. The proposed antenna has advantages of low cost, compact size, thin substrate, and easy design. The measured impedance bandwidth defined by VSWR ≤ 2 of 11.13 GHz (2.82–13.95 GHz), with the band‐notched of 4.85–6.04 GHz, is obtained. Moreover, omnidirectional radiation patterns with appreciable gain across the operating band can be obtained. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:143–144, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26479
Compact dielectric‐resonator‐on‐patch antenna with bandwidth enhancement
Authors: Gao Yang , Feng Zhenghe , Zhang Li
Published: November 2011

A method to further broaden the bandwidth of compact dielectric‐resonator‐on‐patch antennas, using an E‐shaped patch is presented. Without enlarging the volume or area of the antenna, the experimental antenna demonstrates a 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 4.38–7.96 GHz (58%), wider than the formally obtained 4.7–7 GHz (39.3%). The wideband mechanism is explored by investigating the behavior of the currents on the patch and the electric field distributed in the near field. To show the validity of the design concept, a prototype is fabricated and tested. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:66–71, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26481
A T‐junction power divider FED circularly polarized cavity backed slot antenna
Authors: Luo Guo Qing , Hu Zhi Fang , Zhang Xiao Hong , Dong Lin Xi , Sun Ling Ling
Published: November 2011

A circularly polarized antenna realized by a power divider fed cavity backed slot antenna is presented in this article.The cavity backed slot antenna is constructed on a single layer substrate by using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique. A T‐junction power divider with equal magnitude and 90° phase difference outputs is adopted as the parallel feed to excite the SIW backed cavity. Circularly polarized radiation can be generated when two orthogonal cavity modes are excited simultaneously in the backed cavity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:107–109, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26482
Composite right/left‐handed coplanar waveguide feeding array of slot antennas
Authors: Safwat Amr M. E. , Alwakil Ahmed D.
Published: November 2011

In this article, a new composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) antenna is proposed. The antenna is implemented by cascading dual‐function coplanar waveguide coupled line CRLH unit cells. The proposed antenna has continuous backward to forward radiation. The scanning angle, radiated power and directivity increase as the number of cells increases. For nine cells, the scanning angle is 77°, the radiated power is 75%, the peak directivity is 4.2, and the total length is smaller than λ0. The circuit and EM simulations have been confirmed by measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:103–107, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26483
Study of the performance of dielectric resonator antennas based on the matrix BiREWO6 [RE = Gd, Y, Nd]
Authors: Rocha G. N. , Melo L. F. L. , da Silva M. A. S. , Silva P. V. S. , Sombra A. S. B. , Fechine P. B. A.
Published: November 2011

In this work, we study for the first time the dielectric properties, at microwave frequencies, of the BiREWO6 (RE = Y, Gd, and Nd) dielectric resonator (DR) obtained by microwave assisted fast solid state synthesis. The DRs were excited by a wire antenna protruding above a ground plane and simulations were carried out using high‐frequency structure simulator. The DRs presented permittivity values between 13 and 19 and dielectric loss of around 10−2. The agreement between experimental and simulated values for the resonant frequency and the bandwidth for all dielectric resonator antennas was considered good. The small size of the antenna and its compactness makes it especially attractive for use as an electric monopole in practical applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:18–23, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26486
Ultra‐wideband three‐way power divider using broadside‐coupled microstrip‐coplanar waveguide
Authors: Abbosh A. M.
Published: November 2011

A compact three‐way power divider with ultra‐wideband (UWB) performance is presented. The proposed device utilizes a simple and low‐cost broadside‐coupled microstrip‐coplanar waveguide structure. The conformal mapping technique is used to find the dimensions of the device. The simulated and measured output power, return loss, and isolation validate the suitability of the proposed divider for the UWB applications that operate across the frequency band from 3.1 GHz to more than 10.6 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:196–199, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26492
Design of fully printable and configurable chipless RFID tag on flexible substrate
Authors: Shao Botao , Chen Qiang , Liu Ran , Zheng Li‐Rong
Published: November 2011

This article presents the design and implementation of a chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag on flexible substrate.The tag is designed based on the sympathetic oscillations of multiple LC (inductor–capacitor) circuits that possess distinct resonant frequencies. Information is encoded by controlling placement of these resonant frequencies. To trade off the readability and size of the tag, the optimizations including capacitor placements and different LC combinations are studied. The tag is then realized onto flexible polyimide substrate using toner‐transferring process. The detection system is also constructed and used to measure the proposed tag. The measurement results show that the tag can provide an excellent readability more than 20 cm reading range. In addition, this tag is fully printable and configurable, hence making it more feasible and considerably cheaper to be used. This tag can provide a meaningful approach toward the realization of ultralow‐cost RFID tags attached onto low‐value items. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:226–230, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26499
Compact, printed, dual‐feed, shorted monopole antenna for concurrent 2.4‐ and 5‐GHz WLAN operation
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen
Published: November 2011

A compact and printed monopole antenna having two feeding ports to operate in the 2.4‐ and 5‐GHz bands respectively for concurrent dual‐band operation is proposed.The monopole and the ground plane thereof were formed on a single‐layered FR4 substrate of thickness 1 mm and with the dimensions 30 mm × 37 mm. The main radiating element is of a bent, two‐branched strip monopole, placed 2 mm away from the antenna ground. Each branch provides one resonant path such that two operating bands are generated. It was found that by feeding the monopole on the opposite sides with two shorting portions set therein between, the single antenna can be excited by the 2.4‐ and 5‐GHz radio signals at the same time with the port decoupling below −20 dB. The antenna is simple in structure and has constant strip width. Details of the design prototypes are discussed in the article. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:188–193, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26502
Design of high power capacity phase shifter with composite right/left‐handed transmission line
Authors: Zhu Qi , Gong Chen , Xin Hao
Published: November 2011

Based on the structure of composite right/left‐handed transmission line (CRLH‐TL), a novel phase shifter with high power capacity is developed. A new and an accurate equivalent circuit of the CRLH‐TL element is utilized and validated in the phase shifter design. Because the switches are incorporated on the fingers of the CRLH‐TLs, the power going through a single switch is only a fraction of that through the entire phase shifter. As a result, the power handling capacity of the proposed phase shifter can be greatly increased. In addition, multiphase phase shifters can be realized with multiple switches incorporated in a single CRLH‐TL element. A 4‐bit phase shifter and a multiphase phase shifter are designed and tested. The power capacity of the multiphase phase shifter is measured to be higher than most of the conventional phase shifters. The presented phase shifter also possesses other advantages such as low cost, compact size and ease of fabrication. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:119–124, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26505
Compact and high selectivity dual‐band dual‐mode microstrip BPF with five transmission zeros
Authors: Zhang Xue‐shun , Liu Bin , Zhao Yong‐jiu , Wang Ji‐kang , Chen Wen
Published: November 2011

In this letter, a compact and high selectivity dual‐band dual‐mode microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) with the source‐load coupling is proposed using the single short‐circuited stub‐loaded stepped‐impedance resonator.The resonator can generate two resonant modes in each band. The short‐circuited stub at the central can only adjust the even mode resonant frequencies, whereas the odd mode ones are fixed. The resonator utilizes the odd and even mode resonators' fundamental resonant frequencies and second harmonic ones to generate the first and second passbands, respectively. Five transmission zeros are created near the passband edges and in the upper‐stopband to improve the selectivity. Simulation and measurement results of the dual‐band BPF operated at 1.575 and 5.2 GHz demonstrate that the proposed filter is feasible. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:79–81, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26508
Design of a low‐cost steerable textile antenna array operating in varying relative humidity conditions
Authors: Scarpello Maria Lucia , Ginste Dries Vande , Rogier Hendrik
Published: November 2011

A new wearable textile antenna array, operating in the 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band, is described.Its purpose is to increase signal levels in off‐body indoor communication links thanks to the array gain. In addition, multipath fading is reduced, thanks to its narrow beamwidth. As antenna substrate, we compare two textiles that have very different moisture regains, being cotton fabric and polyurethane foam and evaluate the array performance under varying relative humidity conditions in a controlled environment. Relative humidity has little influence on the mutual coupling, whereas for the reflection coefficients, the array constructed on foam material exhibits the most stable antenna characteristics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:40–44, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26510
Low‐profile planar roof‐mounted vehicle antenna for monopole vertical polarization reception
Authors: Baek Seunghee , Lim Sungjoon
Published: November 2011

A low‐profile planar vehicle antenna for the roof of a car is proposed for use with terrestrial services. Despite its low configuration, the proposed antenna can realize a vertical polarization. To demonstrate its performance, the proposed antenna is mounted on the roof of a mid‐sized vehicle, and the radiation patterns are measured at three different positions. The omnidirectional patterns are observed in an azimuth plane with 2 dBi of peak gain at 2.3 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:91–94, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26513
A compact open‐ended slot antenna design for ultrawideband applications
Authors: Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond , Tseng Chih‐Wei , Weng Wei‐Chung
Published: November 2011

A compact size slot antenna designed for ultrawideband (UWB) applications is proposed.The slot embedded into the antenna was comprised an open‐ended hemicircular slot and a narrow rectangular slot. To achieve good impedance matching within the desired band of interest, the 50 Ω microstrip feed‐line is loaded with an elliptical slot, while an extended substrate was protruded above the upper edge of the antenna. The experimental results such as return losses, radiation patterns, and gain properties are studied, and good characteristics are demonstrated. Typical frequency domain responses are also measured to ensure that the proposed antenna can provide stable signal transmission within the UWB spectrum. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:86–91, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26514
Young women's representations of sexually transmitted diseases (RoSTD): A psychometric study
Authors: Royer Heather R. , Heidrich Susan M. , Brown Roger L.
Published: November 2011

Measurement of beliefs about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is important to understanding sexual health behaviors. The purpose of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Representations of STDs (RoSTD) Scale. The RoSTD was developed to measure young women's representations of STDs, and it is intended to be used to measure beliefs about any of the seven most common STDs. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a four‐factor structure for the 40‐item RoSTD: Future Perspective, Cause, Psychosocial Consequence, and Identity. Internal consistency for the subscales (measured for each of seven different STDs) ranged from .67 to .93 and 2‐week test–retest correlations ranged from .69 to .90. The RoSTD shows evidence of reliability and validity in young women. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:15–29, 2012
Sites of ubiquitin attachment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Starita Lea M. , Lo Russell S. , Eng Jimmy K. , von Haller Priska D. , Fields Stanley
Published: November 2011

Sites of ubiquitin modification have been identified by mass spectrometry based on the increase in molecular mass of a tryptic peptide carrying two additional glycine residues from the ubiquitin moiety. However, such peptides with GG shifts have been difficult to discover. We identify 870 unique sites of ubiquitin attachment on 438 different proteins of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The impact of CodY on virulence determinant production in community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rivera Frances E. , Miller Halie K. , Kolar Stacey L. , Stevens Stanley M. , Shaw Lindsey N.
Published: November 2011

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading human pathogen of both hospital and community‐associated diseases worldwide. This organism causes a wealth of infections within the human host as a result of the vast arsenal of toxins encoded within its genome. Previous transcriptomic studies have shown that toxin production in S. aureus can be strongly impacted by the negative regulator CodY. CodY acts by directly, and indirectly (via Agr), repressing toxin production during times of plentiful nutrition. In this study, we use iTRAQ‐based proteomics for the first time to study virulence determinant production in S. aureus, so as to correlate transcriptional observations with actual changes in protein synthesis. Using a codY mutant in the epidemic CA‐MRSA clone USA300 we demonstrate that deletion of this transcription factor results in a major upregulation of toxin synthesis in both post‐exponential and stationary growth. Specifically, we observe hyper‐production of secreted proteases, leukocidins and hemolysins in both growth phases in the USA300 codY mutant. Our findings demonstrate the power of mass spectrometry‐based quantitative proteomics for studying toxin production in S. aureus, and the importance of CodY to this central process in disease causation and infection.
A mass spectrometry‐based method to screen for α‐amidated peptides
Authors: An Zhenming , Chen Yudan , Koomen John M. , Merkler David J.
Published: November 2011

Amidation is a post‐translational modification found at the C‐terminus of ∼50% of all neuropeptide hormones. Cleavage of the Cα–N bond of a C‐terminal glycine yields the α‐amidated peptide in a reaction catalyzed by peptidylglycine α‐amidating monooxygenase (PAM). The mass of an α‐amidated peptide decreases by 58 Da relative to its precursor. The amino acid sequences of an α‐amidated peptide and its precursor differ only by the C‐terminal glycine meaning that the peptides exhibit similar RP‐HPLC properties and tandem mass spectral (MS/MS) fragmentation patterns. Growth of cultured cells in the presence of a PAM inhibitor ensured the coexistence of α‐amidated peptides and their precursors. A strategy was developed for precursor and α‐amidated peptide pairing (PAPP): LC‐MS/MS data of peptide extracts were scanned for peptide pairs that differed by 58 Da in mass, but had similar RP‐HPLC retention times. The resulting peptide pairs were validated by checking for similar fragmentation patterns in their MS/MS data prior to identification by database searching or manual interpretation. This approach significantly reduced the number of spectra requiring interpretation, decreasing the computing time required for database searching and enabling manual interpretation of unidentified spectra. Reported here are the α‐amidated peptides identified from AtT‐20 cells using the PAPP method.
A Bacoside Containing Bacopa monnieri Extract Reduces Both Morphine Hyperactivity Plus the Elevated Striatal Dopamine and Serotonin Turnover
Authors: Rauf Khalid , Subhan Fazal , Sewell Robert D. E.
Published: November 2011

Bacopa monnieri (BM) has been used in Ayurvedic medicine as a nootropic, anxiolytic, antiepileptic and antidepressant. An n‐butanol extract of the plant (nBt‐ext BM) was analysed and found to contain Bacoside A (Bacoside A3, Bacopaside II and Bacopasaponin C). The effects of the BM extract were then studied on morphine‐induced hyperactivity as well as dopamine and serotonin turnover in the striatum since these parameters have a role in opioid sensitivity and dependence. Mice were pretreated with saline or nBt‐ext BM (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, orally), 60 min before morphine administration and locomotor activity was subsequently recorded. Immediately after testing, striatal tissues were analysed for dopamine (DA), serotonin (5HT) and their metabolites using HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection. The results indicated that nBt‐ext BM significantly (p < 0.001) decreased locomotor activity in both the saline and morphine treated groups. Additionally, nBt‐ext BM significantly lowered morphine‐induced dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5‐hydroxyindole acetic acid (5‐H1AA) upsurges in the striatum but failed to affect DA, 5‐HT and their metabolites in the saline treated group. These findings suggest that nBt‐ext BM has an antidopaminergic/serotonergic effect and may have potential beneficial effects in the treatment of morphine dependence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altholactone Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Mhaidat Nizar M. , Abdul‐Razzak Kalid K. , Alkofahi Ahmad S. , Alsarhan Aseera M. , Aldaher Ahmad N. , Thorne Rick F.
Published: November 2011

Resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) to the available chemotherapy reveals the demand for identification of new anticancer agents. We evaluated the antitumour potential of altholactone, a naturally occurring bioactive compound isolated from Goniothalamus spp. (Annonaceae) hooks, against CRC cells. Antitumour activity of altholactone was measured using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the propidium iodide method. Apoptosis mediators involved were assessed using biochemical inhibitors and Western blotting analysis. Results revealed that altholactone induced varying degrees of apoptosis in CRC cells but not in normal fibroblasts. Dissection of the altholactone‐induced apoptotic signalling pathway revealed that altholactone activated caspase‐dependent and ‐independent apoptotic pathways. Activation of caspase‐4 appeared to be the initiating event in the caspase‐dependent apoptotic pathway. Pre‐treatment of CRC cells with the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited activation of caspase‐4 and altholactone‐induced apoptosis. These results indicate that altholactone induces selective cytotoxicity against colon carcinoma cells and warrants further clinical evaluation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining transmission geometry laser ablation and a non‐contact continuous flow surface sampling probe/electrospray emitter for mass spectrometry based chemical imaging
Authors: Ovchinnikova Olga S. , Kertesz Vilmos , Van Berkel Gary J.
Published: November 2011

This paper describes the coupling of ambient pressure transmission geometry laser ablation with a liquid‐phase sample collection into a continuous flow surface sampling probe/electrospray emitter for mass spectrometry based chemical imaging. The flow probe/emitter device was placed in close proximity to the surface to collect the sample plume produced by laser ablation. The sample collected was immediately aspirated into the probe and onto the electrospray emitter, ionized and detected with the mass spectrometer. Freehand drawn ink lines and letters and an inked fingerprint on microscope slides were analyzed. The circular laser ablation area was about 210 µm in diameter and under the conditions used in these experiments the spatial resolution, as determined by the size of the surface features distinguished in the chemical images, was about 100 µm. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MACROINVERTEBRATE RESPONSE TO FLOW CHANGES IN A SUBALPINE STREAM: PREDICTIONS FROM TWO‐DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS
Authors: Waddle T. J. , Holmquist J. G.
Published: November 2011

Two‐dimensional hydrodynamic models are being used increasingly as alternatives to traditional one‐dimensional instream flow methodologies for assessing adequacy of flow and associated faunal habitat. Two‐dimensional modelling of habitat has focused primarily on fishes, but fish‐based assessments may not model benthic macroinvertebrate habitat effectively. We extend two‐dimensional techniques to a macroinvertebrate assemblage in a high‐elevation stream in the Sierra Nevada (Dana Fork of the Tuolumne River, Yosemite National Park, CA, USA). This stream frequently flows at less than 0.03 m3 s−1in late summer and is representative of a common water abstraction scenario: maximum water abstraction coinciding with seasonally low flows. We used two‐dimensional modelling to predict invertebrate responses to reduced flows that might result from increased abstraction. We collected site‐specific field data on the macroinvertebrate assemblage, bed topography and flow conditions and then coupled a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model with macroinvertebrate indices to evaluate habitat across a range of low flows. Macroinvertebrate indices were calculated for the wetted area at each flow. A surrogate flow record based on an adjacent watershed was used to evaluate frequency and duration of low flow events. Using surrogate historical records, we estimated that flow should fall below 0.071 m3 s−1at least 1 day in 82 of 95 years and below 0.028 m3 s−1in 48 of 95 years. Invertebrate metric means indicated minor losses in response to modelled discharge reductions, but wetted area decreased substantially. Responses of invertebrates to water abstraction will likely be a function of changing habitat quantity rather than quality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure Communication with RFID tags in the Internet of Things
Authors: Dominikus Sandra , Kraxberger Stefan
Published: November 2011

The functional capabilities of radio‐frequency identification (RFID) tags are rapidly increasing. Therefore, they can no longer be treated as pure bar‐code substitute, but they should be considered as computing devices. Modern tags are able to store and compute data, or even hold sensors. To draw full advantage from the increased functionality of the tags, it will become important to integrate these tags into the Internet of Things (IoT), that is, enable two‐way end‐to‐end communication over the Internet. Powerful application scenarios can be developed when communication with tags can be established via the network.

We introduce the concept of Mobile‐IPv6‐enabled RFID tags to enable a two‐way communication via IPv6. Mobile IPv6 allows integration of passive low‐cost RFID tags into the IoT in a transparent and compatible way. Like the “traditional” Internet, many applications can only be built upon secure communication. Therefore, it is essential to provide securing mechanisms. For the Internet, Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is used to secure the connection between two nodes. In this paper, we want to define security services analog to IPsec for communication with RFID tags. We analyze the cryptographic capabilities of current RFID tags and build a security layer to enable a secure end‐to‐end connection between tags and other nodes in the net. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrouranium Anomalies as an Effective Tool in Exploration of Concealed Unconformity Related U-deposit in Srisailam Subbasin, Andhra Pradesh - Case Study from Chitrial Area
Authors: Verma M. B. , Dandele P. S. , Babu G. Nagendra , Umamaheswar K. , Maithani P. B.
Published: November 2011

Relationship of hydro-uranium anomalies (2-649 ppb) vis-à-vis underlying uranium ore body has been attempted based on seventy nine water samples collected from the exploratory boreholes on the northern periphery of Srisailam sub basin, Nalgonda district, A.P. Water table is hosted in the granitoid aquifer which underlies the cover rocks of Srisailam Formation. TDS (total dissolved salt) range from 123 to 1088 ppm (x– = 329 ppm) and analyzed >500 ppm in eight samples. Water samples show a strong positive correlation of TDS with Cl– (r=0.90), Na+ (r=0.82), Mg (r=0.80) and a moderate positive correlation with Sr (r=0.48) and Ca (r=0.70). Low value (<0.4) of Normalised Magnesium (NMg) indicates that host rock aquifer has not undergone chloritisation. Accumulate contour plan of uranium ore body shows NW-SE trend and coincides with the hydro-uranium contour. Correlation sections of ore body display true as well as false hydro-uranium anomalies in N-S and E-W profiles. Hydro-uranium anomalies owe their origin to uranium cations, dissolved from the mineralized horizon in to groundwater. Hydro-geochemical orientation survey carried out at Chitrial plateau may be applied regionally in the Srisailam sub basin as an effective tool to explore the concealed unconformity type uranium mineralization below Srisailam Formation.
A Reinterpretation of two Chertbreccias from the Proterozoic Basins of India
Authors: Kale Vivek S. , Patil Pillai Shilpa
Published: November 2011

Several horizons of a unique lithotype called “chertbreccia” are interbedded within the Proterozoic platform sediments of the Peninsular India. These cherty rocks with brecciated texture appearing as blocky masses were earlier diversely interpreted as being products of disparate processes such as fault-zone breccias, collapse breccias, and so on. Two of these horizons, one from the Kaladgi Basin (Dharwar Craton) and the other from the Dhar Forest Inlier of the Vindhyanchal Basin (Bundelkhand - Aravalli Craton) are compared in context of their geological setting, field relations and petrological constitution. A model of the mode of development of these peculiar rocks is reconstructed, taking into account their characters and limitations of previous interpretations. They are interpreted as transported debris deposits of syntectonogenic material released during the episodic activity of the growth faults of the Kaladgi and Vindhyanchal Basins that was diagenetically silicified.
Re-Thinking and Re-Tooling the Social Marketing Mix
Authors: Gordon Ross
Published: November 2011

This article considers the role of the four Ps marketing mix model in social marketing, arguing that given reconfiguration of the marketing mix in the mainstream marketing discipline, and the characteristics of social marketing, a re-thought and re-tooled social marketing mix is required. A brief review of the four Ps marketing mix model in the mainstream marketing and social marketing fields is presented. Criticisms of the four Ps model are then examined. It is argued that the four Ps marketing mix model is outdated for application to social marketing, and an alternative approach to the social marketing mix is proposed. It is posited that an expanded approach recognizing strategies such as relational thinking, and upstream social marketing activities would offer a more suitable approach. Using a more open minded social marketing mix less reliant on the four Ps model can help guide social marketing research and practice.
Low self-awareness of ADHD in adults using a self-report screening questionnaire
Authors: Manor I. , Vurembrandt N. , Rozen S. , Gevah D. , Weizman A. , Zalsman G.
Published: November 2011

Introduction

Awareness of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults has been growing over the last decade. One of the most interesting issues related to this topic is these adults’ self-awareness of their ADHD symptoms and their estimation of their own impairments. Our hypothesis while studying young adult ADHD populations was that there would be a significant difference between their self-report and their clinical assessment.

Method

One hundred and three students volunteered for this study. In order to validate our ADHD screening questionnaire (ADHD-SQ), and to assess the level of awareness they have of their own symptoms, participants underwent a complete clinical assessment for ADHD. They were divided into a control group (n = 24), and an ADHD study group (n = 79), which in turn was composed of two sub-groups, one comprising 24 ADHD predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) and the other 55 ADHD combined type (ADHD-C).

Results

Factor analysis yielded two factors explaining 41% of the variance. The Inattention (IA) subscale score tended to be higher in both ADHD sub-groups as compared to the control group (6.5±2.1 vs. 2.34±2.3 with P<0.001), with no significant difference between the two ADHD sub-groups. Hyperactivity Impulsivity (HI) subscale was significantly higher for the ADHD-C sub-group than in the ADHD-I sub-group, whose score was similar to that of the control group (control: 1.6±2.1; ADHD-I: 1.55±1.0; ADHD-C: 4.5±2.6, P<0.0001). Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis showed similar results. The area under the curve (AUC) of IA subscale score was 0.90 (95% confidence: 0.83–0.96) and for HI subscale score was 0.75, (95% confidence: 0.63–0.86). Classification into groups used a cut-off point of 3+ items out of nine, in the SQ and 6+ items out of nine in the clinical assessment. These two classifications showed 68% agreement (46% sensitivity and 95% specificity). In both ADHD sub-groups, the self-reported average number of positive symptoms per student was relatively low for both clusters; this phenomenon was pronounced in the specific subtypes. The self-rated HI cluster score was considerably low in the ADHD-C sub-group (4.5±2.6), and the IA one was particularly low in the ADHD-IADHD-I sub-group (5.9±1.9).

Conclusion

This study's results indicate that ADHD symptoms are under-reported for both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive clusters, indicating that adults with ADHD tend to under-estimate their own ADHD-related impairments. We suggest that this questionnaire may be used both in research and academic settings to help counsellors and students to obtain early indication of ADHD and to refer students suspected of having ADHD to full clinical assessment.