bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of urban consumer preferences for honey in the context of a transition economy – A case study for Albania
Authors: Cela Alban , Zhllima Edvin , Imami Drini , Skreli Engjell , Canavari Maurizio , Chan Catherine
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to analyze urban consumer preferences for Albanian honey, focusing on key product attributes such as origin, type, location and price, using a conjoint choice experiment and latent class approach. Origin and location-landscape were found to be the most important factors for most surveyed consumers. Albanian consumers prefer honey produced in mountainous forests and on pastures. Moreover, multi-flower honey is preferred compared to chestnuts honey. These results can be used to producers’ advantage when local branding and well-perceived certification (e.g., producer associations’ brands) would be applied in order to increase the consumer awareness and strengthen the intrinsic features of the product especially for small producers. Labeling should be clear and emphasize the origin as well as the natural landscape where beehives are kept. Furthermore, in its regionalization economic development policy, the government may consider supporting honey produced from the mountainous areas.
Quality attributes in the non-market stated-preference based valuation of cultural goods
Authors: Wiśniewska Aleksandra
Published: May 2020

Evidence-based policies require well-established research and reliable data. One of the major difficulties in delivering such data for cultural policies lies in measuring culture, expressing its ephemeral nature in numbers and indicators, as research used to do in other sectors. Stated-preference based non-market valuation is one of the few tools able to reveal the benefits that cultural goods deliver to the society for cost–benefit analysis. The prevalent problem in this kind of studies is poorly defined, ambiguous goods. When attempting to define them, we cannot forget that the essence of art and culture, which is in itself worth measuring, is quality. The goal of the article was to review previous uses of quality measurements of arts and culture in stated-preference based non-market valuation research, most of which are dedicated to performing arts and cultural heritage.
Proactive Planning of Project Team Members’ Competences
Authors: Szwarc Eryk , Wikarek Jarosław
Published: May 2020

Among the many factors that cause project delays or cancellations are disruptions, that is, unforeseen events occurring during the implementation of a project, which postpone or interrupt the performance of project activities. Examples of disruptions include employee absenteeism, addition of new activities, and others. One way to deal with this type of events is to predict potential disruptions and prepare redundant resources to be used should a disruption occur (proactive approach). The focus of the present paper are human resources, in particular redundant project team competence frameworks, which allow to continue work on a project in the event of a disruption. Previous studies on planning competence frameworks regard insensitivity (robustness) to one type of disruption, caused by employee absenteeism (an absence of one, two, or three employees). The goal of this article is to present a proactive procedure that allows to seek competence frameworks robust to two types of disruptions: absence of one employee and addition of new activities not included in the project plan. Examples are provided to illustrate how the proposed approach can be used in practice.
Yield of binary- and multi-species swards relative to single-species swards in intensive silage systems
Authors: Moloney T. , Sheridan H. , Grant J. , O’Riordan E.G. , O’Kiely P.
Published: May 2020

Binary- and multi-species sown mixtures may increase herbage yield and/or reduce inorganic nitrogen (N) requirement compared to perennial ryegrass (PRG) (Lolium perenne L.) swards. A split-plot design was used to compare yields of binary- and multi-species mixtures to single-species swards of three grasses and red clover managed for intensive silage production under varying N application rates. Perennial and Italian (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ryegrasses had greater annual yields when grown as single species receiving 360 kg N/ha per year than in binary mixtures with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) receiving 0 kg N/ha per year, whereas timothy (Phleum pratense L.) produced equally high yields in both situations. When no inorganic N was applied, the annual dry matter yield of Mix 1 (10,738 kg/ha; PRG, timothy, red clover and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Mix 2 (11,679 kg/ha; PRG, timothy, red clover, ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)) was greater than that of a PRG sward (PRG/0N; 5,885 kg/ha) and derived more from the contribution of legumes than herbs. This yield advantage of mixtures declined as inorganic N input increased, as did the legume and herb proportions in the multi-species swards. When averaged across rates of inorganic N input, Mix 2 had a greater annual yield than Mix 1 (12,464 vs. 11,893 kg/ha). Mix 2 receiving no inorganic fertiliser N and both Mix 1 and Mix 2 receiving 120 kg N/ha per year matched the annual yield achieved by PRG receiving 360 kg N/ha per year. Our results indicate that the yield performance of binary- and multi-species grassland swards should be measured in situ rather than predicted from single-species swards of constituent species.
Perceived interpersonal and institutional challenges to patient advocacy in clinical nursing practice: a qualitative study from Ghana / Interpersonelle und institutionelle Herausforderungen für die Rolle als Patientenfürsprecher/-in aus Sicht der Pflege: eine qualitative Studie aus Ghana
Authors: Dadzie Grace , Aziato Lydia
Published: May 2020

Background

Nurses often speak on patients’ behalf and safeguard their safety through their advocacy role. However, some challenges like the negative attitude of team members and lack of institutional support often hamper this role. These challenges have not been well studied in the Ghanaian context.

Aim

This study explores the perceived environmental challenges to patient advocacy among nurses in Ghana.

Setting

The study was conducted at a regional hospital in Ghana.

Participants

Participants were nurses or midwives working in the hospital.

Methods

A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was employed in the study of 15 purposively sampled participants. Participants were interviewed individually and data were analysed using content analysis.

Findings

The study revealed interpersonal challenges and institutional challenges to patient advocacy, such as hierarchical nurse–doctor relationships and ineffective multidisciplinary team, time constraints and lack of institutional support. Nurses often failed to advocate because they did not want to risk conflict with doctors. Limited interprofessional interaction, suspicion and resentment in the multidisciplinary team negatively affected nurses’ role as patient advocates. Inadequate curricular support for patient advocacy and lack of support for training programmes or to undertake further studies were the additional challenges.

Conclusion

Patient advocacy could be a stressful role for nurses; thus, efforts to strengthen teamwork and increase nurse involvement in hospital decision-making are required.

Implications for nursing and health policy

The findings could influence hospital management policies to enhance stronger interprofessional collaboration, increase opportunities for professional advancement for nurses and nurses’ inclusion in decision-making.
An assessment of R&D tax credits and their role towards innovation within Irish industry
Authors: Kennedy James , Barry Frank
Published: May 2020

The Irish Government has identified research and development (R&D) and innovation as among the key pillars of growth within the economy. To achieve this growth, R&D tax incentives, which are adopted in advanced economies, are set into policy to encourage firms to innovate, thus, making companies more competitive and productive. One of the key enablers to driving R&D is a well-designed, competitive and sustainable tax policy to support the activity. However, evidence on the effectiveness of R&D tax incentives for innovation is largely anecdotal and the influence of innovation on firm-level taxation is still underexplored, in terms of and empirical examination. This paper sets out to review the recent trends and views of industry regarding R&D tax credits.
Intangible assets in the process of internationalization
Authors: Bryl Łukasz
Published: May 2020

The aim of this article is to determine the current state of impact of various forms of intangible assets on the internationalization process. For the purpose of the paper meta-analysis was adopted as a method of the study. English-language peer-reviewed journal articles were analyzed only with the help of: EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Emerald, JSTOR, ProQuest and Wiley Online databases. The search was aimed at newest papers (after 2012), however some older articles (with regard to their value) were included in the analysis as well. Based on the conducted analysis, there was observed a significant and positive link between the level of employee education and internationalization probability and extent. The effect of the wages on internationalization is stage dependent. Under certain assumptions there is a positive and strong relationship between R&D intensity and internationalization. Advertising spending do not foster the process of internationalization. The practical contribution of this research is twofold. First, it provides valuable insight for practitioners which intangible assets and how foster various modes of the internationalization process. Second, it describes upon which conditions the interrelation between firm intangible assets and internationalization is significant and positive.
Diversification of the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in EU
Authors: Juchniewicz Małgorzata , Łada Magdalena
Published: May 2020

The high-technology sector has a particular importance in the development of modern national economies. It affects both the level of competitiveness and innovation. This was a prerequisite for the study to assess the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in the European Union (EU) countries. The starting point of the discussion was the definition of the concept of competitiveness, the competitive position of the advanced technology industry, and the classification of the high-tech sector. Based on the selected indicators, the competitive position and the rank of countries have been established. As for this, the indicators of the export share of the advanced technology sector in the intra-export market, the profitability of the high-tech sector, and the degree of export–import coverage were used. Based on the adopted indicators, a synthetic indicator of a competitive position has also been calculated which enabled determination of the most competitive country in the EU in reference to the industry. This enabled the identification of factors influencing the competitive position of the advanced technology sector in the EU member countries.
Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo in aborting cows: two herd cases in Sicily (Italy)
Authors: Grippi Francesca , Giudice Elisabetta , Pietro Simona Di , Sciacca Carmela , Santangelo Francesco , Galluzzo Paola , Barreca Santino , Guercio Annalisa
Published: May 2020

Introduction

The aim of this study was to present two outbreaks of bovine abortion due to Leptospira infection in cattle herds located in the northern part of Sicily (Italy). The animals were positive for Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo in a microscopic agglutination test (MAT).

Material and Methods

A total of 23 Charolaise cows (farm A) and 75 Limousine bulls and Cinisara and Modicana cows (farm B) were enrolled in this study. The blood samples were collected from all subjects at the following time points: before a cycle of intramuscular treatment with oxytetracycline dihydrate (T0), after 5–6 weeks from the treatment (T1), and every 10 weeks until seronegativisation (T2 in Farm A and T3 in Farm B). A serological test (MAT) was used for the diagnosis of leptospirosis.

Results

Two samples from farm A (2/23) and 29 samples from farm B (29/75) were positive to Leptospira interrogans, serogroup Sejroe, serovar Hardjo in the MAT. Leptospira spp. DNA was detected by real-time PCR in the urine sample of one positive cow on farm A, and in placenta and brain samples belonging to one aborted foetus on farm B.

Conclusion

It is important to use serological and molecular diagnostic techniques complementarily to identify infected individuals.
Therapeutic effects of revascularisation on the healing of free bone grafts in dogs
Authors: Zheng Jia-San , Ruan Hong-Ri , Shuang-Qiu  , Jing-Nie  , Hou Kai-Wen , Rui-Wu
Published: May 2020

Introduction

The therapeutic effect of subcutaneous embedding and revascularisation on the repair of canine bone defects caused by open fracture was examined.

Material and Methods

A total of 12 adult beagle dogs were randomly split into a control group (group C) and a test group (group T). A section of the radius was removed from each dog under general anaesthesia and the deficit supported by an orthopaedic implant. Group T had the section surgically implanted next to the blood vessel–rich saphenous vein and Group C had it cryopreserved at −80°C. After eight weeks, the bone was surgically implanted back into the matching radial deficit. Bone healing was evaluated by gross morphological and X-ray examinations, post-mortem histology, and successive blood measurements of key bone biochemical markers.

Results

At 12 weeks, the bone healing boundary was disappearing more quickly in group T dogs than in their group C counterparts. X-ray and histological examinations showed that the cortical repair of group T subjects was complete and the bony plate arrangement was more regular than that in group C. The levels of bone biochemical markers also proved that the healing state of group T was better.

Conclusion

The results showed that the degree of healing, osteoclast activity, and bone formation status of group T were better than those of group C, proving that the vascularised bone graft had a significantly shorter healing time than the cryopreserved bone graft.
Major histocompatibility complex in Osteichthyes
Authors: Stosik Michał , Tokarz-Deptuła Beata , Deptuła Wiesław
Published: May 2020

Based on analysis of available genome sequences, five gene lineages of MHC class I molecules (MHC I-U, -Z, -S, -L and -P) and one gene lineage of MHC class II molecules (MHC II-D) have been identified in Osteichthyes. In the latter lineage, three MHC II molecule sublineages have been identified (MHC II-A, -B and -E). As regards MHC class I molecules in Osteichthyes, it is important to take note of the fact that the lineages U and Z in MHC I genes have been identified in almost all fish species examined so far. Phylogenetic studies into MHC II molecule genes of sublineages A and B suggest that they may be descended from the genes of the sublineage named A/B that have been identified in spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus). The sublineage E genes of MHC II molecules, which represent the group of non-polymorphic genes with poor expression in the tissues connected with the immune system, are present in primitive fish, i.e. in paddlefish, sturgeons and spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus), as well as in cyprinids (Cyprinidae), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Full elucidation of the details relating to the organisation and functioning of the particular components of the major histocompatibility complex in Osteichthyes can advance the understanding of the evolution of the MHC molecule genes and the immune mechanism.
Qualitative analysis of Request For Information to identify design flaws in steel construction projects
Authors: Fokwa Soh Mathieu , Barbeau Daniel , Doré Sylvie , Forgues Daniel
Published: May 2020

Request for information (RFI) is a formal process used in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry to address design flaws that affect communication between designers and contractors. A large number of RFIs are a sign of a lack of precision or coordination in the design documents. However, RFIs produce rich, precise, and structured information. Analyzing their content can help to identify recurring problems between designers and construction teams and better tailor future projects to the working context of the contractors. This article presents a method for identifying recurring issues during the design phase of steel construction projects through the analysis of the contents of RFIs. It is original in using a qualitative content analysis tool that can analyze large quantities of RFIs rapidly. Identifying the recurrent problems of contractors will allow the establishment of rules to be taken into consideration during the design phase of future steel construction projects. A case study of 26 steel construction projects demonstrates the feasibility of this method. This case study shows that, given the same designers and construction teams, recurring problems shown in RFIs do not differ according to the scale of the projects. In this case, the main issue between designers and contractors is the lack and inadequate presentation of information related to the connection of steel components. Identifying these problems can pave the way for initiatives to improve the design phase and can be an essential step in making contractors’ knowledge available to designers early in the projects.
Emotional Speech Comprehension in Deaf Children with Cochlear Implant
Authors: Le Maner-Idrissi Gaïd , Le Sourn Bissaoui Sandrine , Dardier Virginie , Codet Maxime , Botte-Bonneton Nathalie , Delahaye Fanny , Laval Virginie , Aguert Marc , Tan-Bescond Géraldine , Godey Benoit
Published: May 2020

We examined the understanding of emotional speech by deaf children with cochlear implant (CI). Thirty deaf children with CI and 60 typically developing controls (matched on chronological age or hearing age) performed a computerized task featuring emotional prosody, either embedded in a discrepant context or without any context at all. Across the task conditions, the deaf participants with CI scored lower on the prosody-bases responses than their peers matched on chronological age or hearing age. Additionally, we analyzed the effect of age on determining correct prosody-based responses and we found that hearing age was a predictor of the accuracy of prosody-based responses. We discuss these findings with respect to delay in prosody and intermodal processing. Future research should aim to specify the nature of the cognitive processes that would be required to process prosody.
Assessment of the Educational Values of Geomorphosites Based on the Expert Method, Case Study: The Białka and Skawa Rivers, the Polish Carpathians
Authors: Chrobak Anna , Witkowski Karol , Szmańda Jacek
Published: May 2020

Geotourism is a type of qualified tourism promoting geosites related to the geological outcrops and relief elements, such as river channels. Examples of these landforms with high educational values can be seen in the Białka and Skawa riverbeds. However, an important element in the description of such geosites (geomorphosites) is their educational values, which make it possible to clearly determine their suitability and possible use in geotourism. The assessment methods are the only methods of evaluating these values. But they are subjective, and the results of the analyses carried out on them largely depend on the knowledge and experience of the evaluator. In this paper, four geomorphosites have been assessed using the triangulation expert method. All described geomorphosites have received a high educational value, and the highest had the Białka Gorge.
Waterfalls: Forms, Distribution, Processes and Rates of Recession
Authors: Goudie Andrew S.
Published: May 2020

A waterfall is a very steep (commonly nearly vertical) fall of some magnitude in a river course. Waterfalls are widespread fluvial landforms that have been described from many parts of the world. Thirty-eight World Heritage Properties include waterfalls in their designation. In addition, some waterfalls are actual or potential geomorphosites. Waterfalls occur in almost all climatic environments, though they are particularly common in formerly glaciated areas. They occur on a huge diversity of rock types, although in general, they do not form persistent or large falls on soft or unconsolidated rocks. Waterfalls also occur in a wide range of geomorphological settings: glaciated areas, areas of active tectonism, areas of sea-cliff retreat and sea-level change, great escarpments on passive margins, basins with river capture, rifted and faulted areas and areas that have been subjected to megaflooding. Multiple processes account for waterfall retreat and varying rates of recession. Although the greatest interest has been in rates of waterfall recession, there are examples of waterfalls that prograde as a result of tufa deposition.
The influence of shielding reinforcement in a vault with limited dimensions on the neutron dose equivalent in vicinity of medical electron linear accelerator
Authors: Ivkovic Ana , Faj Dario , Kasabasic Mladen , Sovilj Marina Poje , Krpan Ivana , Branilovic Marina Grabar , Brkic Hrvoje
Published: May 2020

Background

High energy electron linear accelerators (LINACs) producing photon beams with energies higher than 10 MeV are widely used in radiation therapy. In these beams, fast neutrons are generated, which results in undesired contamination of the therapeutic beam. In this study, measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were used to obtain neutron spectra and dose equivalents in vicinity of linear accelerator.

Materials and methods

LINAC Siemens Oncor Expression in Osijek University Hospital is placed in vault that was previously used for 60Co machine. Then, the shielding of the vault was enhanced using lead and steel plates. Measurements of neutron dose equivalent around LINAC and the vault were done using CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors. To compensate energy dependence of detectors, neutron energy spectra was calculated in measuring positions using MC simulations.

Results

The vault is a source of photoneutrons, but a vast majority of neutrons originates from accelerator head. Neutron spectra obtained from MC simulations show significant changes between the measuring positions. Annual neutron dose equivalent per year was estimated to be less than 324 μSv in the measuring points outside of the vault.

Conclusions

Since detectors used in this paper are very dependent on neutron energy, it is extremely important to know the neutron spectra in measuring points. Though, patient dosimetry should include neutrons, estimated annual neutron doses outside the vault were far below exposure limit of ionizing radiation for workers.
Current and innovative approaches in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: the role of transurethral resection of bladder tumor and organoids
Authors: Taskovska Milena , Kreft Mateja Erdani , Smrkolj Tomaz
Published: May 2020

Background

Bladder cancer is the 7th most common cancer in men. About 75% of all bladder cancer are non-muscle invasive (NMIBC). The golden standard for definite diagnosis and first-line treatment of NMIBC is transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURB). Historically, the monopolar current was used first, today bipolar current is preferred by most urologists. Following TURB, depending on the tumour grade, additional intravesical chemo- or/and immunotherapy is indicated, in order to prevent recurrence and need for surgical resection. Development of new technologies, molecular and cell biology, enabled scientists to develop organoids – systems of human cells that are cultivated in the laboratory and have characteristics of the tissue from which they were harvested. In the field of urologic cancers, the organoids are used mainly for studying the course of different diseases, however, in the field of bladder cancer the data are scarce.

Conclusions

Different currents - monopolar and bipolar, have different effect on urothelium, that is important for oncological results and pathohistological interpretation. Specimens of bladder cancer can be used for preparation of organoids that are further used for studying carcinogenesis. Bladder organoids are step towards personalised medicine, especially for testing effectiveness of chemo-/immunotherapeutics.
Assessment of Factors Affecting Onshore Wind Power Deployment in India
Authors: Das Alok , Jani Hardik K. , Kachhwaha Surendra Singh , Nagababu Garlapati
Published: May 2020

The Present study focuses on the impact of various factors on the growth of wind power generation in seven most wind energy prone states of India, that contain 97 % of India’s total wind power potential. The impact of state-wise policy parameters Feed-in Tariff (FIT) rate, Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPO) and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) are evaluated in terms of aggregate policy indices that indicate the likelihood of wind power deployment in that state, through multivariate statistical analysis. The wind energy technology with reference to wind turbine specific policies, scaling of the project, the impact of hybrid policy, grid-related technological advancements and the improvement of capacity utilization factor (CUF) are discussed. Further, the impact of per capita net domestic product (PCNDP) and power demand-supply scenario are assessed. It was found that these two factors are non-influential on wind power growth. The outcome of the present study is that aggregate policy indices, captive/third party use of feasibility, presence of repowering policy, actual CUF obtained at the location, delay in cash flow and total available power potential are the factors that significantly influence the growth of cumulative installed capacity. This study provides an insight for policymakers for a quantitative assessment of the existing policies along with other factors and assists the project developers to compare and identify suitable locations for wind power projects in the near future. The exchange rate of 1 USD ($) = 69.38 INR (₹) has been taken throughout the manuscript.
Gender-Fair Language in a Minority Setting: The Case of Breton
Authors: Hornsby Michael
Published: May 2020

This paper explores the use of the Breton language (Brittany, North-West France) in contexts where speakers wish to signal their commitment to social equality through their linguistic practices. This is done with reference to examples of job advertisements which have pioneered the use of gender-fair language in Breton. Linguistic minorities are often portrayed as clinging to the past. This paper, however, sheds a different light on current minority language practices and demonstrates a progressive and egalitarian response to modernity among some current speakers of Breton, in their attempts to assume gender-fair stances.
Pemanfaatan Tanah Liat Bakar pada Situs Blandongan dan Candi Jiwa, di Kompleks Situs Batujaya, Kabupaten Karawang, Provinsi Jawa Barat (Studi Bahan Baku Berdasarkan Analisis Laboratorium
Authors: Astiti Ni Komang Ayu
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT. The use of Baked Clay at the of Blandongan and Jiwa Temples at Batujaya Temple Complex, Karawang Regency,West Java Province: Study on Row Material of Artifacts  Based on Laboratory Analyses. The site of Batujaya, which is located at at the Segaran Village, Batujaya District, Karawang Regency, West Java Province, is a complex of temples (candies) that use clay from the surrounding environment as their main raw material. The people of Batujaya have mastered the technology of brick-making to build the temples and pottery making. This is proven by the fact that almost all of the 14 candis used baked clay and by the abundance of pottery found around the temple complex, both intact and fragmented ones. Result of laboratory analyses on some pottery samples from this site show physical characteristics and compositions of chemical elements, which are varied in terms of hardness, specific gravity, porosity, water absorption, and baking temperature. The quality of the pottery is also varied, depending on the condition of the raw material and the level of technological mastery of the potters. ABSTRAK. Situs Batujaya yang terletak di Desa Segaran, Kecamatan Batujaya, Kabupaten Kerawang, Provinsi Jawa Barat, merupakan sebuah kompleks percandian yang memanfaatkan tanah liat di sekitarnya sebagai bahan utama pembuatannya. Masyarakat pendukung kompleks percandian ini sudah mengenal teknologi pengolahan tanah liat menjadi bata untuk bahan pembuatan candi dan teknologi pembuatan wadah-wadah dari tanah liat bakar. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hampir seluruh unur (14 buah) candi mempergunakan bahan bata dan banyaknya temuan tembikar disekitar kompleks percandian, baik dalam keadaan utuh maupun dalam pecahan. Hasil analisis laboratorium terhadap beberapa sampel tembikar dari situs ini memperlihatkan sifat-sifat fisik dan komposisi unsur kimia yang sangat bervariasi dalam kekerasan, berat jenis, porositas, serapan air, dan suhu pembakaran. Kualitas tembikar juga sangat bervariasi, dipengaruhi oleh kondisi bahan baku dan tingkat penguasaan teknologi pembuatannya.
Dolmen dan Struktur Sosial Masyarakat Tuhaha, Maluku Tengah
Authors: Ririmasse Marlon N.R.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Dolmen and the Social Structure of the Tuhaha Comunity in Central Malucca.  This article further discusses the social aspects of dolmen function by analyzing the relationship between dolmen and social stratification in the ancient Tuhaha society. At the same time, this article also analyze how the social structure concept being transform into the form of dolmen as a material culture complete with all its symbolic attributes. Abstrak. Tulisan ini mencoba melihat aspek-aspek sosial dari fungsi dolmen dengan mengkaji hubungan antara dolmen dan stratifikasi sosial pada masyarakat desa Tuhaha Maluku Tengah. Saat yang sama mencoba untuk melihat bagaimana struktur sosial yang bersifat konseptual, diwujudkan dalam bentuk dolmen sebagai data materi dengan segenap atribut simboliknya.
Jellyfish anaphylaxis: A wide spectrum of sensitization routes
Authors: Amato Giuliana , Vita Federica , Gemelli Federica , Tigano Valeria , Minciullo Paola Lucia , Gangemi Sebastiano
Published: May 2020

Background: Recent studies demonstrated that, in the past few years, the number of jellyfish species is increasing worldwide; this increase can be explained by environmental and climatic reasons. Contacts with jellyfish can cause acute and chronic effects, including allergic
reactions. Although anaphylaxis caused by jellyfish is a rare event, repetitive stings during bathing as well as marine sports and job activities represent important risk factors that can increase the probability of sensitization. Recently, it was also pointed out the possibility of anaphylaxis
caused by jellyfish ingestion. In these cases, the sensitization could also be related to previous stings. In cases in which there is no history of jellyfish contact or ingestion, it has been hypothesized that there is a sensitization to an unknown cross-reactive antigen. Objective:
The purpose of this work was to collect and review published studies and cases of anaphylaxis associated with jellyfish. Methods: We performed a medical literature data base search, which included English language articles published until September 2019, by using the
key words “jellyfish” associated with “anaphylaxis” or “anaphylactic shock.” Results: The results of our research showed that dangerous reactions can be caused both by contact and ingestion. Moreover, the latest changes in food habits,
life style, and globalization could lead to a more frequent exposure to jellyfish both by contact and ingestion, and, consequently, to a higher probability of sensitization. Conclusion: Prospective studies and well-structured research are needed to better understand all
the potential immunologic elements of jellyfish, to clarify its role in sensitization, and to avoid possible dangerous allergic reactions caused by cross-reactivity.
Are primary care physicians following National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease guidelines for the prevention of peanut allergy? A survey-based study
Authors: Alvarez Alicia , Gupta Malika , Poowuttikul Pavadee , Baptist Alan P.
Published: May 2020

Background: The 2017 addendum to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) guidelines on peanut allergy prevention significantly altered recommendations for patients at risk of developing peanut allergies. It is unknown if primary care physicians are
aware of or are following these guidelines. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of the NIAID guidelines among primary care physicians. Methods: A survey was developed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and practice behaviors of the NIAID
guidelines. It was distributed to pediatric, family medicine, and medicine-pediatric residents and attending physicians at two large academic centers. Responses were analyzed with binary logistic regression. Results: The survey was distributed to 605 providers, with a response
rate of 35% (n = 210). The average score was 4.8 of seven questions answered correctly. Of the participants, 53% incorrectly recommended at-home peanut introduction in patients with egg allergy. In addition, 40% of the participants incorrectly believed that the earliest age for peanut
introduction was >1 year of age. More than half of the participants were unaware of the new guidelines. On logistic regression, factors associated with adequate knowledge assessment scores were awareness of the guidelines (odds ratio [OR] 2.98 [confidence interval {CI}, 1.34‐6.60]),
graduation from residency within 5 years (OR 3.60 [95% CI, 1.14‐11.35]), and affiliation with the medicine-pediatrics department (OR 4.59 [95% CI, 1.07‐19.65]). Conclusion: The primary care providers incorrectly answer one-third of the questions related to
the prevention of peanut allergy. Increasing awareness of the 2017 NIAID guidelines may provide an opportunity to improve patient outcomes. There is an urgent need to develop innovative education strategies to publicize these guidelines.
In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity and anti-arthritic activity of ethyl acetate extracts of Skimmia anquetilia leaves
Authors: Verma Poonam , Singh Baljinder , Kaur Amarjit , Kumar Vijender
Published: May 2020

Current investigations were carried out for the validation of in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic property of leaves of Skimmia anquetilia using red blood cells membrane stabilization and protein denaturation methods respectively. Defatted ethylacetate extracts at different concentration levels (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/ml) were used in these studies. Dose dependent inhibition of protein denaturation was found 92.41% at 400 mg/ml of extracts and 96.21 % at 100 mg/ml of acetyl salicylic acid as standard in antiarthritic study. Similarly, in membrane stabilization methods, maximum effect found 90.70 % at 400 mg/ml of extracts and 94.88 % at 100 mg/ml of diclofenac sodium as standard for anti-inflammatory evaluation. The results concluded that, ethyl acetate extract of S. anquetilia leaves has shown significant (*aP<0.05) anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects.
Evaluación de los enfoques euleriano y lagrangianopara modelar la fase dispersa en flujos turbulentosno uniformes cargados con partículas
Authors: Laín Santiago
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo considera flujos turbulentos no uniformes tipo chorro cargados con partículas. Estos flujos se encuentran frecuentemente en la industria y se caracterizan por altos valores de anisotropía de la velocidad fluctuante de las partículas, mucho mayor que la de la fase portadora. Dado que los enfoques euleriano y lagrangiano clásicos para la descripción de la fase dispersa son incapaces de estimar correctamente esa anisotropía, en este trabajo se introducen dos modelos eulerianos extendidos para la fase de las partículas; uno de ellos es algebraico (el modelo algebraico de esfuerzos, APS) y el otro es diferencial (el modelo de esfuerzos de Reynolds, PRS). El desempeño de ambos modelos y de un modelo lagrangiano clásico se evalúa con respecto a mediciones experimentales disponibles en la literatura. El modelo PRS proporciona resultados que concuerdan con los experimentos para todas las variables medidas, incluyendo la anisotropía de la velocidad fluctuante de las partículas. Las ecuaciones diferenciales que describen la fase dispersa se descomponen en sus términos básicos y se analizan separadamente. En el caso de partículas de gran inercia, se demuestra que el modelado de los términos de interacción es crucial ya que éstos gobiernan los equilibrios existentes en las ecuaciones eulerianas que describen la fase dispersa
Una implementación abierta y generalizada del modelo predictivo de Soave-Redlich-Kwong para el cálculo de la constante de la ley de Henry
Authors: Duque Tobón Sebastián , Carrero Mantilla Javier I.
Published: May 2020

La predicción de la solubilidad de gases en líquidos utilizando la ley de Henry es un problema importante en termodinámica química por sus aplicaciones a procesos industriales de separación gas-líquido. Sin embargo, el cálculo de la constante de la ley de Henry mediante ecuaciones de estado requiere implementaciones computacionales que son difíciles de programar en un formato generalizado. Por estar basado en el modelo UNIFAC de coeficientes de actividad, el método predictivo de Soave-Redlich-Kwong (PSRK) se puede aplicar a numerosos sistemas de interés. Considerando estas razones, se desarrolló una implementación abierta y generalizada del método PSRK para su aplicación al cálculo de la constante de la ley de Henry en el equilibrio gas-líquido. Esta implementación se puso a prueba al comparar las predicciones del método PSRK con un conjunto reciente de mediciones experimentales de constantes de la ley de Henry en sistemas de compuestos orgánicos. Se encontró que, dentro de un amplio rango de temperaturas, las constantes de la ley de Henry obtenidas mediante el método PSRK concuerdan razonablemente bien con los resultados experimentales para la mayor parte de los sistemas incluidos en la comparación. -----------------------------a su aplicación al cálculo de la constante de la ley de Henry en el equilibrio gas-líquido. Esta implementación se puso a prueba al comparar las predicciones del método PSRK con un conjunto reciente de mediciones experimentales de constantes de la ley de Henry en sistemas de compuestos orgánicos. Se encontró que, dentro de un amplio rango de temperaturas, las constantes de la ley de Henry obtenidas mediante el método PSRK concuerdan razonablemente bien con los resultados experimentales para la mayor parte de los sistemas incluidos en la comparación.
Encapsulamiento de los aceites esenciales de citral (cymbopogon citratus) en β-ciclodextrinas usando CO2 supercrítico
Authors: Restrepo Jaime , Vinasco Luz E. , Jaramillo Lorena P. , Colmenares Ana Julia
Published: May 2020

Usando CO2 supercrítico (CO2-SC) y β-ciclodextrinas (β-CD) es posible obtener complejos de inclusión (encapsulados) en el estado sólido con mejores propiedades de solubilidad, estabilidad y biodisponibilidad. En el presente estudio se determinaron las condiciones de presión y temperatura del CO2 en las que fue factible la formación de los complejos de inclusión entre los componentes del aceite esencial (AE) del limoncillo (Cymbopogon Citratus) y las β-CD. Los experimentos se basaron en un diseño experimental del tipo 3k con K=2 y tres niveles de temperatura y presión: 313.15, 323.15 y 333.15K, y 172.32, 206.78 y 241.25 bar respectivamente. Los complejos de inclusión se caracterizaron por GC-MS, I.R, UV, mediante un análisis comparativo de los espectros de la β-CD libre, el aceite esencial libre y el complejo β-CD-aceite esencial, obteniendo así, información de las propiedades estructurales del complejo β-CD-A.E. Los resultados indicaron que la mayor eficiencia de inclusión o encapsulamiento 48.9%) se obtuvo a 241.25 bar y 313.15K.
Implementación Hardware del Algoritmo Karnik-Mendel Mejorado Basada en Operadores CORDIC
Authors: Durán Linda K , Melgarejo Miguel A.
Published: May 2020

Este artículo presenta una propuesta de arquitectura para calcular el centroide generalizado de un conjunto difuso tipo dos de intervalo utilizando el algoritmo Karnik-Mendel mejorado. Se adapta la arquitectura para calcular el producto y el cociente basados en el algoritmo CORDIC. Además, se describen dos implementaciones hardware de la arquitectura propuesta. La primera utiliza operadores paralelos convencionales, mientras que la segunda incluye los operadores basados en el algoritmo CORDIC. Se llevan a cabo las dos implementaciones sobre tecnología Field Programmable Gate Array y se validan calculando el centroide de doce conjuntos difusos tipo dos de intervalo determinísticos. Se estiman algunos índices de desempeño de las implementaciones como área y frecuencia con el fin de establecer un marco de comparación.
Yogures deslactosados elaborados con concentrados de leche bovina y de soja obtenidos por ultrafiltración
Authors: Rinaldoni Ana, N. , Campderrós Mercedes E. , Pérez Padilla Antonio
Published: May 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue la elaboración de yogures deslactosados, a partir de concentrados de leche vacuna y de soja por tecnología de membranas. El yogur es un alimento muy nutritivo por su aporte de vitaminas, proteínas, la alta biodisponibilidad de calcio y otros nutrientes esenciales. Sin embargo, el azúcar presente en la leche de vaca resulta difícil de digerir para un segmento importante de la población mundial que posee intolerancia a la lactosa, de allí la necesidad de generar alimentos aptos para ese sector. Mediante ultrafiltración de leche vacuna y de soja se obtienen retenidos de sólidos totales adecuados para elaborar yogur, debido al incremento en la concentración de proteínas, grasas y minerales asociados y por la reducción en el contenido de lactosa u oligosacáridos y anti nutrientes que pemean a través de la membrana. En comparación con productos comerciales, el yogur obtenido a partir del concentrado de leche presenta un aumento de proteínas del 37% p/v y una disminución del 32% p/v de lactosa. En cuanto al de soja tiene un incremento de proteínas del 16% de p/v. La concentración de grasas en ambos yogures produce una mayor palatabilidad y suavidad. Los alimentos elaborados tienen aroma y gusto agradables y presentan un alto valor agregado por ser aptos para personas con intolerancia a la lactosa
Efecto de la radiación UV en arcillas expansivas tratadas con aceite sulfonado
Authors: Camacho Tauta Javier F. , Reyes Ortiz Oscar J. , Mayorga Catalina
Published: May 2020

La estabilización de arcillas expansivas con aceite sulfonado es un proceso electroquímico que se desarrolla a lo largo del tiempo y cuyo progreso depende de las condiciones ambientales existentes en el campo. La evolución de este fenómeno se estudió mediante el análisis experimental de tres tipos de arcilla expansiva sometidas a tratamiento con aceite sulfonado en diferentes dosificaciones. Para simular las condiciones ambientales, estas arcillas fueron expuestas a radiación UV en una cámara de envejecimiento acelerado. Una vez conseguido el periodo de envejecimiento programado, se realizaron ensayos de límites de consistencia a las muestras para determinar la influencia del envejecimiento y el porcentaje de aceite sulfonado en las propiedades expansivas de las arcillas. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron observar que la plasticidad del material depende del periodo de exposición y la dosificación de aceite sulfonado utilizada.
The Toorbul Point Aboriginal fish trap
Authors: Walters Ian
Published: May 2020

One of the most intriguing problems for archaeologists concerns the numbers of Australian people living as fisher-gatherer-hunters per unit area of the continent prior to the European invasion. Were population densities related to the productive capacity of landscape and seascape, or to aspects of technology and material culture, or to the manner of organization of the social relations or production (Jones 1977:202, 1985:293)?
Excavation at the new Brisbane Airport site (LB:C69): evidence for early mid-Holocene coastal occupation in Moreton Bay, SE Queensland
Authors: Hall J. , Lilley Ian
Published: May 2020

In 1980, during excavation of a floodway connected with the construction of the New Brisbane Airport, stone artefacts were observed within the sediments by Mr. Bill Ward, CSIRO Soils Division. His alerting of the state authorities led to further investigations by one of the authors (JH). Such interest was sparked by the fact that, on geomorphic grounds, the site promised an antiquity of at least 4000 years BP. Subsequent test excavation (by JH) in 1984 yielded an in situ stone artefact assemblage with a backed blade component which was associated with an anomalous date of about 1,100 B.P. In order to resolve the problem posed by this association, further excavation was undertaken in July-August 1987 by members of the Field Archaeology class (AY225) of the University of Queensland Department of Anthropology and Sociology under the supervision of Jay Hall and Ian Lilley. This paper is a preliminary report combining findings of both excavations and offers substantive support for an early mid-Holocene Aboriginal occupation of the shores of Moreton Bay.
Current research: The University of Queensland
Authors: Hall J.
Published: May 2020

Archaeological research at UQ is presently very healthy with a number of people doing a variety of projects. An important milestone was reached in 1987 when the University of Queensland awarded its first Ph.D. in archaeology to Ian Walters for his thesis research into the development of the prehistoric Aboriginal fishery in Moreton Bay. Ian has since gained a position as the first archaeological Lecturer at the new University College of the Northern Territory.
Platypus Rockshelter (KB:A70), S.E. Queensland: stratigraphy, chronology and site formation
Authors: Hall J. , Gillieson D.S. , Hiscock P.
Published: May 2020

Platypus Rockshelter is an archaeological site within a double-chambered weathered cavity in conglomerate cliff on the Brisbane River some 60km from the city of Brisbane. It was originally recorded by Richard Robins in 1976 during archaeological impact work associated with the building of the huge Wivenhoe Dam on the Brisbane River just upstream from Fernvale. A small fossicker's hole revealed stratified cultural deposits which were considered to warrant salvage excavation before the site was drowned by the dam waters. This project was subsequently undertaken by J. Hall and archaeology students from the University of Queensland between November 1977 and July 1981.Â  In 1985 the dam waters rose sufficiently to cover the site. This paper is the first of three in this issue of QAR which report the findings from Platypus Rockshelter and deals primarily with the site's stratification, chronology and formation.
Developing a relative dating system for the Moreton Region: an assessment of prospects for a technological approach
Authors: Hiscock Peter
Published: May 2020

The imperative of dating sites rests uneasily upon the shoulders of Australian archaeologists. Despite the growing array of sophisticated physical and chemical techniques for estimating the age of objects, the most common archaeological site-type in Australia, the stone artefact surface scatter, remains generally difficult to date with any precision. During the 1960's and 1970's researchers focused their attention on stratified sites which could be dated by the conventional radiocarbon process, and thereby established a chronological framework for their studies. More recently a shift in interests, particularly towards the testing of demographic and settlement models, has made it inappropriate to restrict investigations to the small proportion of sites which are stratified. In this context there is an urgent need to develop some means to date artefact scatters. This paper assesses the prospects for constructing a system of dating artefacts in the Moreton Region by inferring the way in which they were made.