bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of central mixing scheme and nuclear reaction network on the extent of convective cores
Authors: Noll Anthony , Deheuvels Sébastien
Published: June 2023

Convective cores are the hydrogen reservoirs of main sequence stars that are more massive than around 1.2 solar masses. The characteristics of the cores have a strong impact on the evolution and structure of the star. However, such results rely on stellar evolution codes, in which simplistic assumptions are often made on the physics in the core. Indeed, mixing is commonly considered to be instantaneous and the most basic nuclear networks assume beryllium at its equilibrium abundance. Those assumptions lead to significant differences in the central composition of the elements for which the timescale to reach nuclear equilibrium is lower than the convective timescale. In this work, we show that those discrepancies impact the nuclear energy production and, therefore, the size of convective cores in models computed with overshoot. We find that cores computed with instantaneous mixing are up to 30% bigger than those computed with diffusive mixing. Similar differences are found when using basic nuclear networks. Additionally, we observed an extension of the duration of the main sequence due to those core size differences. We then investigated the impact of those structural differences on the seismic modeling of solar-like oscillators. Modeling two stars observed by Kepler, we find that the overshoot parameter of the best models computed with a basic nuclear network is significantly lower, compared to models computed with a full nuclear network. This work is a necessary step in improving the modeling of convective cores, which is key to determining accurate ages in the framework of future space missions such as Plato.
TOI-1416: A system with a super-Earth planet with a 1.07 d period
Authors: Deeg H. J. , Georgieva I. Y. , Nowak G. , Persson C. M. , Cale B. L. , Murgas F. , Pallé E. , Godoy-Rivera D. , Dai F. , Ciardi D. R. , Murphy J. M. Akana , Beck P. G. , Burke C. J. , Cabrera J. , Carleo I. , Cochran W. D. , Collins K. A. , Csizmadia Sz. , El Mufti M. , Fridlund M. , Fukui A. , Gandolfi D. , García R. A. , Guenther E. W. , Guerra P. , Grziwa S. , Isaacson H. , Isogai K. , Jenkins J. M. , Kábath P. , Korth J. , Lam K. W. F. , Latham D. W. , Luque R. , Lund M. B. , Livingston J. H. , Mathis S. , Mathur S. , Narita N. , Orell-Miquel J. , Osborne H. L. M. , Parviainen H. , Plavchan P. P. , Redfield S. , Rodriguez D. R. , Schwarz R. P. , Seager S. , Smith A. M. S. , Van Eylen V. , Van Zandt J. , Winn J. N. , Ziegler C.
Published: June 2023

TOI-1416 (BD+42 2504, HIP 70705) is a V =10 late G- or early K-type dwarf star. TESS detected transits in its Sectors 16, 23, and 50 with a depth of about 455 ppm and a period of 1.07 days. Radial velocities (RVs) confirm the presence of the transiting planet TOI-1416 b, which has a mass of 3.48 ± 0.47 M⊕ and a radius of 1.62 ± 0.08 R⊕, implying a slightly sub-Earth density of 4.50−0.83+0.99 g cm−3. The RV data also further indicate a tentative planet, c, with a period of 27.4 or 29.5 days, whose nature cannot be verified due to strong suspicions of contamination by a signal related to the Moon’s synodic period of 29.53 days. The nearly ultra-short-period planet TOI-1416 b is a typical representative of a short-period and hot (Teq ≈ 1570 K) super-Earth-like planet. A planet model of an interior of molten magma containing a significant fraction of dissolved water provides a plausible explanation for its composition, and its atmosphere could be suitable for transmission spectroscopy with JWST. The position of TOI-1416 b within the radius-period distribution corroborates the idea that planets with periods of less than one day do not form any special group. It instead implies that ultra-short-period planets belong to a continuous distribution of super-Earth-like planets with periods ranging from the shortest known ones up to ≈30 days; their period-radius distribution is delimited against larger radii by the Neptune Desert and by the period-radius valley that separates super-Earths from sub-Neptune planets. In the abundance of small, short-periodic planets, a notable plateau has emerged between periods of 0.6–1.4 days, which is compatible with the low-eccentricity formation channel. For the Neptune Desert, its lower limits required a revision due to the increasing population of short-period planets; for periods shorter then 2 days, we establish a radius of 1.6 R⊕ and a mass of 0.028 Mjup (corresponding to 8.9 M⊕) as the desert’s lower limits. We also provide corresponding limits to the Neptune Desert against the planets’ insolation and effective temperatures.
Self-consistent equilibrium models of prominence thin threads heated by Alfvén waves propagating from the photosphere
Authors: Melis Llorenç , Soler Roberto , Terradas Jaume
Published: June 2023

The fine structure of solar prominences is composed of thin threads that outline the prominence magnetic field lines. Observations have shown that transverse waves of Alfvénic nature are ubiquitous in prominence threads. These waves are driven at the photosphere and propagate to prominences suspended in the corona. Heating due to Alfvén wave dissipation could be a relevant mechanism in the cool and partially ionised prominence plasma. In this work, we explore the construction of 1D equilibrium models of prominence thin threads that satisfy an energy balance condition between radiative losses, thermal conduction, and Alfvén wave heating. We assumed the presence of a broadband driver at the photosphere that launches Alfvén waves towards the prominence. An iterative method was implemented in which the energy balance equation and the Alfvén wave equation are consecutively solved. From the energy balance equation and considering no wave heating initially, we computed the equilibrium profiles along the thread of the temperature, density, ionisation fraction, and other relevant parameters. On these equilibrium profiles, we used the Alfvén wave equation to compute the wave heating rate, which was then put back in the energy balance equation to obtain new equilibrium profiles, and so on. The process was repeated until convergence to a self-consistent thread model heated by Alfvén waves was achieved. We obtained equilibrium models composed of a cold and dense thread, an extremely thin prominence-corona transition region, and an extended coronal region. We found that the length of the cold thread decreases with the temperature at the prominence core and increases with the Alfvén wave energy flux injected at the photosphere. However, computed equilibrium models for large wave energy fluxes are not possible when the wave heating rate inside the cold thread becomes larger than the radiative losses. The maximum value of the wave energy flux that allows for an equilibrium depends on the prominence core temperature. This constrains the existence of thread equilibria in realistic conditions.
X-ray polarimetry and spectroscopy of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary GX 9+9: An in-depth study with IXPE and NuSTAR
Authors: Ursini F. , Farinelli R. , Gnarini A. , Poutanen J. , Bianchi S. , Capitanio F. , Di Marco A. , Fabiani S. , La Monaca F. , Malacaria C. , Matt G. , Mikušincová R. , Cocchi M. , Kaaret P. , Kajava J. J. E. , Pilia M. , Zhang W. , Agudo I. , Antonelli L. A. , Bachetti M. , Baldini L. , Baumgartner W. H. , Bellazzini R. , Bongiorno S. D. , Bonino R. , Brez A. , Bucciantini N. , Castellano S. , Cavazzuti E. , Chen C.-T. , Ciprini S. , Costa E. , De Rosa A. , Del Monte E. , Di Gesu L. , Di Lalla N. , Donnarumma I. , Doroshenko V. , Dovčiak M. , Ehlert S. R. , Enoto T. , Evangelista Y. , Ferrazzoli R. , Garcia J. A. , Gunji S. , Hayashida K. , Heyl J. , Iwakiri W. , Jorstad S. G. , Karas V. , Kislat F. , Kitaguchi T. , Kolodziejczak J. J. , Krawczynski H. , Latronico L. , Liodakis I. , Maldera S. , Manfreda A. , Marin F. , Marinucci A. , Marscher A. P. , Marshall H. L. , Massaro F. , Mitsuishi I. , Mizuno T. , Muleri F. , Negro M. , Ng C.-Y. , O’Dell S. L. , Omodei N. , Oppedisano C. , Papitto A. , Pavlov G. G. , Peirson A. L. , Perri M. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Petrucci P.-O. , Pilia M. , Possenti A. , Puccetti S. , Ramsey B. D. , Rankin J. , Ratheesh A. , Roberts O. J. , Romani R. W. , Sgrò C. , Slane P. , Soffitta P. , Spandre G. , Swartz D. A. , Tamagawa T. , Tavecchio F. , Taverna R. , Tawara Y. , Tennant A. F. , Thomas N. E. , Tombesi F. , Trois A. , Tsygankov S. S. , Turolla R. , Vink J. , Weisskopf M. C. , Wu K. , Xie F. , Zane S.
Published: June 2023

We report on a comprehensive analysis of simultaneous X-ray polarimetric and spectral data of the bright atoll source GX 9+9 with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) and NuSTAR. The source is significantly polarized in the 4–8 keV band, with a degree of 2.2%  ±  0.5% (uncertainty at the 68% confidence level). The NuSTAR broad-band spectrum clearly shows an iron line, and is well described by a model including thermal disc emission, a Comptonized component, and reflection. From a spectro-polarimetric fit, we obtain an upper limit to the polarization degree of the disc of 4% (at the 99% confidence level), while the contribution of Comptonized and reflected radiation cannot be conclusively separated. However, the polarization is consistent with resulting from a combination of Comptonization in a boundary or spreading layer, plus reflection off the disc, which significantly contributes in any realistic scenario.
Dissecting the RELICS cluster SPT-CLJ0615–5746 through intracluster light: Confirmation of the multiple merging state of the cluster formation
Authors: Jiménez-Teja Y. , Dupke R. A. , Lopes P. A. A. , Vílchez J. M.
Published: June 2023

The intracluster light (ICL) fraction, measured at certain specific wavelengths, has been shown to provide a good marker for determining the dynamical stage of galaxy clusters, that is, merging versus relaxed, for low to intermediate redshifts. We apply it for the first time to a high-redshift system, SPT-CLJ0615–5746 at z = 0.97, using its Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS) observations in the optical and infrared. We find the ICL fraction signature of the merging, with values ranging from 16 to 37%. A careful reanalysis of the X-ray data available for this cluster indicates at least one current and plausibly a second merger. These two results contradict previous works based on X-ray data, which claimed a relaxed state for SPT-CLJ0615–5746, and the results confirm the evidence presented by kinematic analyses. We also found an abnormally high ICL fraction in the rest-frame near-ultraviolet wavelengths, which may be attributed to the combination of several phenomena such as an ICL injection during recent mergers of stars with average early-type spectra, the reversed star formation-density relation found at this high redshift in comparison with lower-redshift clusters, and projection effects.
Seagrass macroinvertebrate bycatches support mosquito net trawl fishery in Madagascar
Authors: Herinirina Patricia A. , Bigot Lionel , Frouin Patrick , Volandrae Huguette T.E , Randriatsara Roddy M. , Behivoke Faustinato , Ranivoarivelo Lantoasinoro , Léopold Marc
Published: June 2023

The use of mosquito nets, primarily for targeting small and/or juvenile fish, has rapidly increased in Western Indian Ocean shallow seagrass beds and coral reefs over the last 20 years. However, to date, invertebrate by-catch by locally-made fishing gear has not been reported. We studied the mosquito net trawl fishery in seagrass areas in the Bay of Toliara, Southwest Madagascar through the GPS tracking of fishers from August 2018 to February 2019. Catches were monitored through monthly landing surveys to characterize spatial temporal patterns in the abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates in the seagrass beds. Fishing was carried out at low tide, mostly at night, by fishers pulling a hand-made trawl net of varying dimensions. Overall, 43 macroinvertebrate taxa were identified out of 217,080 individuals collected from 109 catch samples. Catches were generally composed of crustaceans (mainly Portunidae, Processidae, Penaeidae, and Alpheidae). The crab Thalamita mitsiensis largely dominated the abundance and biomass of the macroinvertebrate assemblage (from 6% to 100% and from 5 to 100% of the overall density and biomass, respectively). Macroinvertebrates composed 1.5% to 100% of the total catch per trip (i.e., 4–55 kg trip−1). They were sold for human consumption or animal feed, which provided additional income to fishers (USD 1–24 trip−1 and 1–72% of catch income per trip). This study revealed that macroinvertebrate resources provide valuable by-catch to small-scale fishers in Southwest Madagascar. This bycatch generates income that further encourages the use of mosquito net trawls and exacerbates their negative effects on coastal seagrass ecosystems and fisheries.
Modeling of the Business Process “Strategic Planning” for Agricultural Organizations
Authors: Gaiduk Vladimir , Takaho Eldar , Kalitko Svetlana , Yudina Elena
Published: June 2023

The article The low competitiveness of many agricultural organizations is mainly due to the insufficient use of opportunities to improve the efficiency of their management. The effectiveness of the activities of agricultural organizations determines the provision of the population with food products. This indicates the paramount role of strategic management of the development of agricultural organizations, and, above all, strategic planning.
Using an Electronic Computer for Calculating the Performance of an Experimental Hammer Mill
Authors: Shcherbakov Stefan , Tumanova Marina , Kotelevskaya Elena , Simonov Fedor
Published: June 2023

The article discusses the need for automation in agriculture and specifically in the process of preparing feed by grinding corn grain using hammer mills. The aim of the work is to develop a Python program to calculate the productivity of an experimental hammer mill. The article also describes the experiment method for determining the degree of grinding of the grain and investigates the factors affecting the crushing process. The ultimate goal is to increase labor productivity, improve product quality, and eliminate dangerous working conditions.
Dynamics of changes in the content of nutrients in the soil on fine - zapadinny relief
Authors: Shlyahtintseva Olga , Mazhayskiy Yuri , Chernikova Olga
Published: June 2023

Studies conducted to study the effectiveness of the introduction of micro-deposits of silt into the soil as part of organo-mineral fertilizers in combination with conventional mineral and organic fertilizers have shown that the accumulation of nutrients in the soil. The best options affecting agronomic indicators were application doses in the amount of 20-25 t/ha. Taking into account more effective results for use in production, it is recommended in these soil-hydrogeological conditions to apply silt deposits at a dose of 25 t/ha, cattle manure 10 t/ha and the introduction of mineral fertilizers at a dose of – N88P43K46.
The influence of a new organic fertilizer based on sapropel on the results of germination of seeds of wheat, oats and mung bean
Authors: Skamarokhova Alexandra S. , Yurin Denis A. , Svistunov Andrey A. , Nikoghosyan Flora G.
Published: June 2023

The article describes experience in studying the effect of a new complex biofertilizer based on natural raw materials - extracts of bird droppings and sapropel, namely: humic and fulvic substances from it, nitrogen-fixing microorganism Azotobacter chroococcum, fungus–ascomycete Trichoderma viride and a source of zinc sulfur - zinc sulfate. on germination and germination energy, seeds of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) of Tanya variety, oats (Avena sativa L.) of Valdin 765 variety and legume mash (Vigna radiata) of Tajik 1 variety. The purpose of this study was to establish a sustainable positive effect by germinating seeds of winter wheat, oats and mung bean in Petri dishes when treated with a new complex biofertilizer based on sapropel and without treatment, to track the intensity of the germination energy of seeds of these plants on the third day and germination - on the seventh day. On the seventh day of germination of winter wheat in the experimental version, the length of seedlings exceeded the control version by 9.2%. In oats, the length of sprouts in the experimental version is 13.6% longer than in the control version.
Influence of food additives from fish milt roe and glycerin on productivity parameters of sturgeon fish
Authors: Yurin Denis A. , Maksim Ekaterina A. , Danilova Aleksandra A. , Gneush Anna N. , Nikoghosyan Flora G.
Published: June 2023

The effect of a new feed additive “GLINMOL” in the form of emulsion on productivity of sturgeons was studied. The aim of the research was to study the effect of newly developed feed additives based on fish milt roe and glycerin on sturgeon fish productivity. The experiment consisted of two parts; groups of fish of 3-4 and 4 maturity stages were formed. The first group (control) received complete mixed feed without additives, the second - 2.0% of glycerin of total feed weight; the third - feed additive “GLINMOL” at a dose of 2.0% of total feed weight. The largest gross increase of live weight for the entire rearing period was noted when “GLINMOL” feed additive was used - 11.9% (P<0.01) higher than the control parameter. Glycerin application in the second group also exceeded the control value of live weight increase by 8.1% (P<0.05). The final body length of sturgeons in the second experimental group was almost equal to the control. In the third group, this parameter significantly exceeded the control by 0.5% (P<0.05). The values of the fatness coefficient did not differ significantly among the groups and were in the range of 1.11-1.13.
Uniformity of the soil tillage depth with tools with disk working bodies
Authors: Sokht Kazbek A. , Konovalov Vladimir I.
Published: June 2023

The qualitative parameters of tillage with tools with disk working bodies are influenced by a variety of structural, technological and operational factors. One of these parameters is the uniformity of the depth of tillage, and the influencing factors include the relief of the field, the speed of movement, the method of fastening the working bodies and others. The article presents an overview of the ways of attaching individual disk working bodies to the frame and their effect on the uniformity of the working depth. It is proposed to use a combined statistical method for a more reliable and qualitative assessment of the uniformity of the tillage depth.
Vector– New Large-Grain Rice Variety of Domestic Breeding
Authors: Dzhamirze Ruslan , Malysheva Nadezhda , Ostapenko Nadezhda , Chinchenko Natalya
Published: June 2023

Breeding of agricultural plants, rice in particular, is a fundamental factor in providing the country's population with a sufficient amount of high-quality products. Hence, the level of breeding achievements and agricultural technologies determines the food security of the country and the competitiveness of the industry in the international market. The scientifically based introduction of new, better varieties into production contributes to the growth of not only the yield, but also to an increase in the yield of products and an improvement in its quality. Therefore, the role of the variety as a means of agricultural production in modern agriculture is undoubtedly important. The paper presents the results of a breeding program on developing large-grain rice variety Vector, capable of forming a high grain yield - 9.0-10.0 t/ha with high technological indicators - 89.5% of head rice content with 69.8% of the total milling yield, which in conversion is approximately 62.4% of the head rice in the grain mass. At the same time, new rice variety Vector, according to grain size, belongs to the category of large-grain varieties with a mass of 1000 grains - 34.5 g with an average filminess of 17.7% and vitreousity - 83.5%. Also, during the study period (2020-2022) of the new rice variety Vector, resistance to the Pyricularia pathogen was found in natural conditions. With artificial infection, the disease development index averaged 37.0%, which corresponds to medium resistance. Based on the results of the work, the Vector variety was submitted for state testing (SVT). A comprehensive and positive assessment of the SVT will allow it to be entered into the State Register and recommend the variety for cultivation in the conditions of Krasnodar region and the Republic of Adygea.
Biological effectiveness of the drug Esfon use for tomatoes
Authors: Chernysheva Natalya , Tosunov Yanis , Barchukova Alla , Arakelyan Nina
Published: June 2023

Tomatoes play a leading role in providing the population of Russia with vegetable products, which is due to their high productivity, good taste properties, diverse use, ability to cultivate in open and closed ground, and, consequently, to consume them all year round. Based on the fact that the consumption of tomatoes is growing every year, the main task is to increase the yield and quality of fruits. One of the ways to solve this problem is, according to research data, four-fold treatment of tomato plants in the phase of milk ripeness with Esfon at a dose of 1.0l/ ha, which is due to obtaining a high yield of good quality fruits (6,204 kg/m2, in the control - 5,108 kg/m2, HCR05 = 0.250 kg/m2) and a reduction in the maturation period, in comparison with the control, is 14 days.
Analysis of technological and design schemes of machines for applying liquid complex fertilizers
Authors: Serguntsov Alexander
Published: June 2023

Plant additional fertilizing is one of the main operations for plant development, since the degree of its nutrition, and therefore its development, will depend on the correct application of fertilizers (in terms of timing and doses). Liquid ones can be applied using sprayers or a multi-injector. We also propose to introduce a pneumatic system into the design of the disk, namely, into the passage hole of the tooth, which will allow it to be blown after the tooth is found in the soil, contributing to the correct operation of the multi-injector. This design will allow working in the field even on waterlogged soils without violating agrotechnical requirements by eliminating the sticking of the hole on the needle of the multi-injector disk.
Analysis of the effectiveness of callusogenesis on media developed on the basis of the RZ medium
Authors: Goncharova Yulia K. , Vereshchagina Svetlana A. , Simonova Viktoria V. , Garkusha Sergey V. , Krikun Karina S.
Published: June 2023

There is still no consensus on the composition of nutrient media for various genotypes, and the improvement of their composition is still an urgent problem, the solution of which can significantly speed up and facilitate the breeding process, both in traditional and heterotic breeding. In this regard, the main goal of the study was to compile new variants of nutrient media and establish the relationship between changes in the components of the medium and the efficiency of callus formation. Previously, we showed the advantage of the RZ nutrient medium (Raina, Zapata. 1997) over the N nutrient medium (Nitsch, Nitsch 1969) for domestic varieties and hybrids, but to further increase the efficiency of callusogenesis, 5 variants based on the RZ nutrient medium were developed. The nutrient medium R1 was characterized by a reduced content of CaCl2·2H2O by almost three times, however, the results obtained on it were significantly better than on the initial nutrient medium RZ.
Design and technological scheme of a multifunctional seeding unit
Authors: Bogus Azamat E. , Konovalov Vladimir I. , Stanin Vladislav D. , Rusnak Vladimir A.
Published: June 2023

Currently, the vast majority of agricultural producers in the Southern Federal District with a total area of arable land up to 50-70 hectares cultivate three main crops, namely grain ears, usually winter wheat, and row crops – corn for grain and sunflower. Grain ear crops are sown in the usual ordinary way, and row crops use the dotted method. These key agrotechnological features lead to the need to use different sowing machines equipped with different types of sowing units. Since the vast majority of agricultural producers of the Southern Federal district with a total area of arable land up to 50-70 hectares do not use monoculture in the structure of crops, this leads to a low annual load of these seeders. This is through deductions for depreciation, maintenance service and repairs inevitably affect the final cost of production. It should also be noted that often, due to the high cost of sowing machines, small agricultural producers are not able to purchase the required agricultural machinery, in addition, this is most often not economically feasible. The use of hired units does not allow sowing in the specified agrotechnical terms, which significantly reduces their productivity and quality parameters. The use of specialized seeders leads to an increase in metal consumption and multi-marking on the farm. This problem can be solved by using a multifunctional seeding machine (MSU). This will make it possible to abandon the use of specialized seeders and perform sowing of grain and row crops with the same machine by carrying out conversion for a specific crop. We have de-scribed the design scheme of the MSU and the principle of its operation. The technical result of the development is also presented and the way to achieve is described.
Comparative Experiment on the Use of Unmanned and Ground-Based Technologies of Fertilizer and Crop Protection Products on Winter Barley
Authors: Truflyak E. V. , Mones M. Y. Dadou , Truflyak I. S.
Published: June 2023

The results of a comparative experiment of the use of an agricultural drone Agras T10 and ground agricultural machines (Amazone ZA-X Perfect fertilizer spreader, Amazone UF-901 sprayer) for the application of nitrogen fertilizers and plant protection products (herbicides, insecticides and fungicides treatment) are presented. Yield of experimental and control plots, economic efficiency of unmanned and ground technologies are determined. Calculation of economic efficiency of unmanned technology showed that its productivity is 4 times less. While using this technology with differentiated fertilizer application the winter barley yield increased by 3,6% while the amount of fertilizer application decreased by 2%. Consumption of fuel and lubricants decreased by 1.4 times, metal consumption by 26.7 times.
Secondary raw materials of coffee plant processing are an alternative source of pectin substances
Authors: Donchenko Lyudmila , Lukyanenko Maria , Gelgay Mintesenot , Belousova Anna , Chebotareva Elena
Published: June 2023

The article presents the results of studies of the content of pectin substances of secondary raw materials of coffee processing – pulp (СP). СP includes both the shell (skin, epidermis, exocarp) and the pulp itself (mesocarp). Industrial coffee varieties cultivated and processed in different regions of Ethiopia were selected as the object of research. The research results have shown that the coffee waste generated can be considered as a source of pectin substances for the development of functional nutrition products.
Qualitative Indexes of a Plane Cutter for Shallow Tillage with Optimized Parameters
Authors: Parkhomenko G.G. , Babenko О.S. , Kambulov S.I. , Bozhko I.V. , Belousov S.V.
Published: June 2023

The levelling of the field surface after shallow tillage with a planar cutter, characterized by such a qualitative indicator as combiness, is within the limits allowed by agrotechnical requirements. We have developed an original design of a plane cutter for shallow tillage. The planar cutter for shallow tillage has various options for the sharpening angle of the rack and mortar, which have been optimized. Optimal according to the criterion of minimum energy consumption while observing the quality of minimal tillage, the following parameters of the plane cutter were selected: the angle of sharpening the rack 50 degrees, the angle of the solution 104 degrees. Thus, the removal of wet layers to the soil surface was not observed during shallow tillage with a planar cutter. The amount of erosive-hazardous particles after tillage with a planar cutter does not increase, even slightly decreases (within 0.4%), which corresponds to agrotechnical requirements. The obtained qualitative indicators, shown in Table 1, were determined on a stubble background pretreated by disk working bodies. Thus, the technological process of a combined unit with sequentially arranged disks and a plane cutter was simulated.
Justification of the Scheme of the Automated System of Control and Management of Seeding in Rowed Seed Drills
Authors: Zubrilina E. M. , Babenko O. S.
Published: June 2023

The article considers the issues of the need to improve the quality of the technological process of sowing seeds of row crops with precision seeding drills and the main trends of their improvement from the point of view of the possibility of introducing seed lines with control and control systems for the technological processes of sowing row crops into the design of a serial row seed drill, and also presents a new design of a sowing apparatus with an automated system for monitoring and controlling the process of sowing row crops cultures, the scheme of the seeding control system and the advantages of using the new system are developed and described. (Purpose of the study) Substantiation of the scheme of the automated system of control and management of seeding in rowed seed drills (Materials and methods) The research is based on a systematic analysis of the designs of seeding machines of precision seeding drills, monitoring and synthesis of the best technical solutions for creating a design of a seeding machine with a system of automated control and management of the technological processes of seed sowing at the stage of transporting them to the bottom of the furrow. (Results and discussion) The result of the synthesis of the best ideas and constructive solutions evaluated based on the analysis of the main trends of manufactured agricultural machinery for the cultivation of row crops is presented. The main disadvantages of precision seeding drills are described and ways to improve their designs are presented. The analysis of seed sowing control devices and primary converters used in them at all stages of the technological seeding process by the dosing system is given. The evaluation of serial seeding control systems and the parameters controlled by them is presented and it is established that none of them controls the seeding process, respectively, and it is impossible to talk about seeding quality management in general. To ensure accurate sowing of seeds of row crops, a design of a pneumatic seeding apparatus with a seed blower with an automated system for monitoring and controlling the process of sowing seeds of row crops has been developed, the scheme of which is also presented in this work. (Conclusions) Based on the patent search, monitoring and synthesis of existing serial precision seeding drills and automated systems for monitoring technological seeding processes, the necessity of developing a seeding apparatus with seed blowers and including an automated system for monitoring and managing the quality of sowing seeds of row crops at the stage of seed movement to the bottom of the furrow in their design is justified. Keywords: row crops, seed sowing, automated seeding control system, seeding process control, seeding sensor, control system, seeding quality.
Use of Perovskites for Optosensors
Authors: Bazhenov Konstantin E. , Vlasov Andrey I. , Zhalnin Vladimir P. , Gilmanov Ramazan M. , Kravets Gleb I.
Published: June 2023

The work is devoted to the determination of the place of perovskites among the other materials for optosensors. The features and advantages of this material are determined. The methods for the manufacture of perovskites and the latest technical developments in their application are analyzed. Perovskite and silicon photosensors are compared. A comparative table of perovskite compounds is drawn up. It is determined that perovskites have great potential for their use in low-voltage, inexpensive, high-speed, highly sensitive and ultra-highly integrated optoelectronic devices.
Effect of Plastic Deformation on Elastic Properties of Austenitic Steel at Different Temperatures
Authors: Klyushnikov Vyacheslav
Published: June 2023

Plastic deformation of austenitic steel AISI 321 at various temperatures was carried out. The temperature dependences of the elastic characteristics of the material have been studied. A difference between the dependences of elastic wave velocities and acoustic birefringence parameter is found at different deformation temperatures. The effect of texture changes and martensitic transformation on the studied elastic parameters is considered. It is found that the birefringence parameter changes non-monotonically upon deformation at 20°C and 40°C, and monotonically at 60°C. It is shown that the difference in the nature of the change is due to the intensity of the martensitic transformation.
The Münster cluster-jet target for the future P̅ANDA experiment
Authors: Vestrick Sophia , Brand Philipp , Bonaventura Daniel , Eick Hanna , Mannweiler Christian , Khoukaz Alfons
Published: June 2023

For high precision storage ring experiments as the future P̅ANDA experiment, very sophisticated internal targets have to be used. For this purpose, a state-of-the-art cluster-jet target was developed at the University Münster. Basically, hydrogen is cooled to cryogenic temperatures and pressed through a specially shaped Laval nozzle to form a cluster-jet expanding into vacuum. Due to the stability and large mass of the clusters, a practically undisturbed flight path in vacuum of above 5 m is possible, leading to manifold possible applications, including the interaction with a storage ring beam at a distance of 2.25 m as desired for the P̅ANDA experiment. With a first prototype target, the “proof-of-principle” was delivered, and after first improvements the world record in target thickness in such large distance to the nozzle was measured. Based on this work, the final P̅ANDA cluster-jet target was developed and built up, and is presented in this article.
The process of molecular plating and the characteristics of the produced thin films – What we have learned in 60 years and what is still unknown
Authors: Artes Ernst , Düllmann Christoph E. , Meyer Carl-Christian , Renisch Dennis
Published: June 2023

Molecular plating is a well-established and widely used method for producing thin films of various elements, which are used in variety of nuclear physics applications. Sixty years have passed since the method was established, and some insights into the chemical process underlying the method and the composition of the thin films have been gained. A brief overview of what has been learned about molecular plating since its introduction and the methods applied in the characterization of molecular plated thin films is given here. Through various spectroscopic and microscopic methods, the process of molecular plating and the chemical composition are gradually being elucidated, albeit we still do not understand all aspects.
Preparation of different carbon stripper foils and application in beam diagnostics
Authors: Lommel Bettina , Ayik Elif Celik , Hübner Annett , Kindler Birgit , Reichert Thomas , Singh Rahul , Steiner Jutta , Walasek-Höhne Beata , Yakusheva Vera
Published: June 2023

The production of carbon stripper foils that are mounted at different locations of the heavy-ion accelerator is an important task of the target laboratory, and the process for the preparation of carbon foils is constantly improved. Recently, we tested additional heat treatment of the carbon stripping foils following our standard procedure to reduce stress in the foils, since the performance and the durability of these stripping foils is a crucial factor for effective operation. We investigated the properties of foils produced some time ago and of foils freshly produced with the standard procedure, and foils treated thermally after the standard procedure. For the beam diagnostic department at GSI radiation resistant target materials for transverse ion beam profile measurement is an ongoing research topic. In that framework, the feasibility of Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) generation due to ion beam interaction with metal target for beam profile determination has been investigated. Here, carbon stripper foils are applied to enhance the OTR signal. The differently prepared foils were applied in many different experiments of the beam diagnostic department. We describe the performance of the foils during irradiation and compare the features of foils before and after irradiation.
Spanning the Periodic Table: Select examples of stable isotope target fabrication at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Authors: Foster Cherlyn , Conner Jenny , Zach Mike
Published: June 2023

This paper reviews select examples of recent targets produced by the group, including 171Yb wires, 62Ni pellets, and 25Mg foils. The targets discussed will cover the processes and equipment used for stable isotope manufacturing at ORNL and give a broader understanding of thin film preparation techniques, preparation of high-purity and specialty materials, and development of highly material-conservative methods.
Design of a high power solid target for 211At
Authors: Brunet Guillaume , Michel Matthieu , De France Gilles , Desmezières Vincent , Jacquot Bertrand , Hocini Clément , Ferey Sébastien , Gueret Jérôme , Rossard Laurent , Morisset Martial , Fremont Georges , Lecerf Sabrina , André Thierry , Michel Clément , Gangnant Patrice , Foy Jean-Claude , Levallois Romuald , Barthe-Dejean Cécile , Collard Matthieu
Published: June 2023

The new SPIRAL2 LINAC at GANIL delivers light beams (p, d, alpha,…) with very large intensities. In order to exploit these beams in an optimal way, high power target stations are requested. In this contribution, we present such an irradiation station designed to optimize the production of 211At, an alpha emitter of interest for targeted alpha therapy. In order to dissipate at least 10 kW of beam power, a rotating, water-cooled system comprising twelve individual targets has been developed together with a fast and safe extraction mechanism.
The PSI meson target facility and its upgrade IMPACT-HIMB
Authors: Kiselev Daniela , Baumann Pedro , Duperrex Pierre-André , Haj Tahar Malek , Jollet Sven , Knecht Andreas , Laube Daniel , Reggiani Davide , Snuverink Jochem , Sobbia Raffaello , Talanov Vadim
Published: June 2023

The high intensity proton accelerator complex (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) delivers a 590 MeV CW proton beam with currents up to 2.4 mA (1.4 MW). Besides two spallation targets for thermal/cold neutrons (SINQ) and for ultracold neutrons (UCN), the beam feeds two meson production targets Target M and Target E. The targets consist of graphite wheels of effective thickness 5 mm (M) and 40/60 mm (E). The target stations M and E are of quite different design; however, both of them rotate at 1 Hz to dissipate the heat (20 kW/mA for the 40 mm target E) efficiently. Recent progress was made by a new type of bearings and a new target geometry able to increase the rate of surface muons by up to 50 %. This is also foreseen for the upgrade of the target station M within the High Intensity Muon Beam (HIMB) initiative aiming to increase the surface muons available for experiment by two orders of magnitude. HIMB is part of IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production with Advanced Cyclotron and Target Technology), an application for the Swiss Roadmap of Research Infrastructure.
Design, testing, commissioning, and early operation of the third-generation n_TOF neutron spallation target at CERN
Authors: Esposito Raffaele , Calviani Marco , Aberle Oliver
Published: June 2023

The n_TOF facility at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) is a top-class, high-brightness neutron spallation source dedicated to high-resolution neutron time-of-flight experiments. During CERN’s Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019-2021), the facility’s neutron spallation target was upgraded and is now operating with its third-generation target. The target is based on a pure-Pb core cooled by gaseous nitrogen and has been designed to withstand the impact of a 20-GeV/c proton beam in bunches of 1013 protons with a bunch duration of 6-8 ns RMS. The produced neutrons span 11 orders of magnitude in kinetic energy (from thermal to GeV) and are delivered to two experimental areas and a neutron irradiation station near the target. This contribution includes a description of the physics and engineering design processes that brought the facility from its second-generation target to its current third-generation target, the planned autopsy of the second-generation target in 2023 to investigate its status after 10 years of operation, tests under beam irradiation carried out on target prototypes at CERN’s HiRadMat facility, and the commissioning with beam of the new target, as well as the challenges encountered during the first year of its operation.
Discussions on liquid bismuth target use as an alternative for astatine-211 production
Authors: Bigourdan Théo , Cadiou Arnaud , Guertin Arnaud , Haddad Ferid
Published: June 2023

Astatine-211 is an alpha emitter that has been identified as a good candidate for targeted alpha therapy. There is an increasing demand on this radionuclide. Very intense beam from linac being put in operation nowadays could be used to meet this demand. This document presents the design exploration of concepts of liquid bismuth targets dedicated to astatine-211 production. Three concepts are presented and analyzed: a capsule, a fluid loop and a windowless fluid loop. Structural and thermal sizing were performed using mechanical Finite Element models (ANSYS Workbench) and Computational Fluid Dynamic models (FLUENT). Production rates were assessed accordingly. Feasibility and expected performances are discussed in conclusion.
Comparison of Bi2O3-targets produced by thermal evaporation and RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Kindler Birgit , Lommel Bettina , Celik Ayik Elif , Huebner Annett , Steiner Jutta , Yakusheva Vera
Published: June 2023

For the nuclear chemistry and for the nuclear physics of the heavy elements, bismuth is one of the key target materials, as it is the heaviest stable element. As discussed earlier, compound targets were developed to withstand higher intensive heavy ion beams. In the past, Bi2O3 was evaporated from the tantalum crucible and deposited on carbon backings. As the melting temperature of Bi2O3 is high (817° C), the process is at the limit of the cooling features of the evaporation set-up. Therefore, we decided to test RF magnetron sputtering as an alternative production method. We will present results of the different behavior of the targets produced via alternative processes.
Wohin sollte sich der Innovationsfonds nach einer Verstetigung
entwickeln?
Authors: Hecken Josef
Published: June 2023

Ausgehend von der erklärten Absicht der Regierungsparteien, den
Innovationsfonds zu verstetigen, legt dieser Beitrag dar, welche gesetzlichen
Änderungen an den Förderprozessen und Förderstrukturen
aus Sicht des Vorsitzenden des Innovationsausschusses beim Gemeinsamen
Bundesausschuss notwendig sind. Zudem werden einige der aktuellen gesetzlichen
Vorgaben beleuchtet, die nach ihrer Einführung im Jahr 2020 beibehalten
werden sollten.
Reanimation – Stillstand im OP
Authors: Baumgärtner Julian , Batton Maurice
Published: June 2023

Wie lässt sich ein Kreislaufstillstand im zeitlichen Umfeld einer Operation vermeiden? Und falls es doch dazu kommt, wie gehen die beteiligten Disziplinen damit um? Die beiden Autoren haben die Reanimation im perioperativen Setting und deren Management genauer unter die Lupe genommen. Mit ihrem Beitrag haben sie den 4. Platz beim Thieme intensiv-Pflegepreis 2020 belegt.
Einführung einer positiven Fehlerkultur im Rahmen der Praxisanleitung
Authors: Morgenstern Ulrike , Kuczera Heike
Published: June 2023

Konstruktiv mit Fehlern im Gesundheitswesen umzugehen, ist entscheidend, damit zukünftige Fachkräfte Kompetenzen entwickeln können. Denn gerade in komplexen und unübersichtlichen Situationen im Operationssaal können viele Fehler passieren und die Sicherheit von Patient*innen gefährden. Eine Studie gibt Handlungsempfehlungen, wie es gelingt, eine positive Fehlerkultur in die Praxisanleitung zu integrieren.
Does Time to Initiation of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Affect Reconstruction Outcomes after Endoscopic Resection of Skull Base Malignancies?
Authors: Rubino Franco , Brahimaj Bledi , Hanna Ehab Y. , Su Shirley Y. , Phan Jack , Grosshans David R. , DeMonte Franco , Raza Shaan M.
Published: June 2023

Introduction and Objective It is unclear if the length of the time interval to initiation of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) after endoscopic endonasal surgery affects reconstruction outcomes. In this study we present our experience with adjuvant RT after endoscopic endonasal procedures, to determine if the time to RT after surgery impacts post-RT reconstruction complication rates.

Methods A retrospective cohort study of 164 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery between 1998 and 2021 was conducted. Using Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs), we evaluated several variables and the complications that occurred during the 1-year period after starting RT.

Results Seventy-eight (47.5%) and eighty-six patients (52.5%) received RT before and after the sixth postoperative week, respectively. The overall post-RT complication rates were 28%, most of these were severe infections (n = 20, 12.2%) and delayed CSF leak (n = 4, 2.5%). There was no significant difference in the post-RT complications between the patients who received postoperative RT before or after the sixth operative week (HR: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.63–2.02; p = 0.675). Univariate analysis demonstrated negative impact associated with smoking history (p = 0.015), the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.0001), and the use of photon therapy (p = 0.012); and we found a positive impact with the use of multilayer reconstruction techniques (overall, p = 0.041; with fat, p = 0.038; and/or fascia graft, p = 0.035). After a multivariate analysis only, smoking history was an independent risk factor for post-RT complications (p = 0.012).

Conclusion Delaying RT for more than 6 weeks after endoscopic endonasal surgery does not provide a significant benefit for reconstruction outcomes. However, special attention may be warranted in patients with smoking history who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or in patients who will receive photon-based RT after surgery as these groups were found to have increased complication rates post-RT.
A New One-Pot Synthesis of 3,6-Disubstituted Pyridazines Starting from β-Nitro-β,γ-Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Khan Muhammad E. I. , Yuan Lixia , Petrini Marino
Published: June 2023

A new one-pot preparation of 3,6-disubstituted pyridazines starting from β-nitro-β,γ-unsaturated ketones and hydrazine monohydrate is presented. The protocol entails two sequential steps, leading to the isolation of the title targets in satisfactory overall yields tolerating a good variety of additional functionalities.