bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chirality flips of skyrmion bubbles
Authors: Yao Yuan , Ding Bei , Liang Jinjing , Li Hang , Shen Xi , Yu Richeng , Wang Wenhong
Published: October 2022

The investigation of three-dimensional magnetic textures and chirality switching has attracted enormous interest from the perspective of fundamental research. Here, the three-dimensional magnetic structures of skyrmion bubbles in the centrosymmetric magnet MnNiGa were reconstructed with the vector field tomography approach via Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. The magnetic configuration of the bubbles was determined based on the reconstructed magnetic induction (B-field) at their surfaces and centers. We found that the bubbles easily switched their chirality but preserved their polarity to retain their singularity in the matrix of the material. Our results offer valuable insights into the chirality behavior of skyrmion bubbles.
Behavioural reconsolidation interference not observed in a within-subjects design
Authors: Batashvili Michael , Sheaffer Rona , Katz Maya , Doron Yoav , Kempler Noam , Levy Daniel A.
Published: October 2022

Studies of reconsolidation interference posit that reactivation of a previously consolidated memory via a reminder brings it into an active, labile state, leaving it open for potential manipulation. If interfered with, this may disrupt the original memory trace. While evidence for pharmacological reconsolidation interference is widespread, it remains unclear whether behavioural interference using the presentation of competing information can engender it, especially in declarative memory. Almost all previous studies in this area have employed between-subjects designs, in which there are potential confounds, such as different retrieval strategies for the multiple conditions. In the current studies, within-subjects paradigms were applied to test the effects of reconsolidation interference on associative recognition and free recall. In Experiment 1, participants engaged in pair-associate learning of unrelated object pictures on Day 1, and after a reminder, interference, reminder + interference, or no manipulation (control) on Day 2, were tested on associative recognition of these pairs on Day 3. In Experiments 2 and 3, memoranda were short stories studied on Day 1. On Day 2, stories were assigned to either control, reminder, interference by alternative stories, or reminder + interference conditions. On Day 3 participants recalled the Day 1 stories, and answered yes/no recognition questions. Reminders improved subsequent memory, while interference was effective in reducing retrieval in differing degrees across the experiments. Importantly, the reminder + interference condition was no more effective in impairing retrieval than the interference-alone condition, contrary to the prediction of the behavioural reconsolidation-interference approach.
A stacking ensemble machine learning model to predict alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-associated liver disease clinical outcomes based on UK Biobank data
Authors: Meng Linxi , Treem Will , Heap Graham A. , Chen Jingjing
Published: October 2022

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency associated liver disease (AATD-LD) is a rare genetic disorder and not well-recognized. Predicting the clinical outcomes of AATD-LD and defining patients more likely to progress to advanced liver disease are crucial for better understanding AATD-LD progression and promoting timely medical intervention. We aimed to develop a tailored machine learning (ML) model to predict the disease progression of AATD-LD. This analysis was conducted through a stacking ensemble learning model by combining five different ML algorithms with 58 predictor variables using nested five-fold cross-validation with repetitions based on the UK Biobank data. Performance of the model was assessed through prediction accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC). The importance of predictor contributions was evaluated through a feature importance permutation method. The proposed stacking ensemble ML model showed clinically meaningful accuracy and appeared superior to any single ML algorithms in the ensemble, e.g., the AUROC for AATD-LD was 68.1%, 75.9%, 91.2%, and 67.7% for all-cause mortality, liver-related death, liver transplant, and all-cause mortality or liver transplant, respectively. This work supports the use of ML to address the unanswered clinical questions with clinically meaningful accuracy using real-world data.
Introduction to the themed collection on XNA xeno-nucleic acids
Authors: Bong Dennis , Holliger Philipp , Yang Chaoyong
Published: October 2022

Dennis Bong, Philip Holliger, and Chaoyong Yang introduce the RSC Chemical Biology themed collection on XNA xeno-nucleic acids.
POMs@ZIF-8 derived transition metal carbides for urea electrolysis-assisted hydrogen generation
Authors: Zhu Jianping , Wu Haibo , Gui Kaige , Li Zhirong , Zhang Chao , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: October 2022

Transition metal carbide MoC@C and Ni/WC@C nanoparticles exhibit high catalytic activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction and urea oxidation reaction. Moreover, they showed high compatibility for hydrogen generation via urea electrolysis.
A2B6O9F2(A = NH4, K): new members of A2B6O9F2family with deep-UV cutoff edges and moderate birefringence
Authors: Chen Zilong , Li Zijian , Chu Dongdong , Zhang Fangfang , Li Xiaojing , Yang Zhihua , Long Xifa , Pan Shilie
Published: October 2022

Two new fluorooxoborates A2B6O9F2(A = NH4, K) with different two-dimensional [B6O9F2]∞layered structure constructed by the fundamental building block [B6O11F2] were obtained.
DNA methylation is regulated by both the stability and topology of G-quadruplex
Authors: Matsumoto Saki , Tateishi-Karimata Hisae , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: October 2022

The methylation reaction was regulated by not only the stability of G4 but also the topology of G4.
Exploiting halido ligands to control nucleation pathways and Pt⋯Pt interactions in supramolecular co-polymerizations
Authors: Matern Jonas , Fernández Zulema , Fernández Gustavo
Published: October 2022

We exploit halogen effects to tune metal–metal interactions, nucleation pathways and hetero-seeded growth in supramolecular copolymerizations.
Chelate-free “turn-on”-type fluorescence detection of trivalent metal ions
Authors: Matsumoto Shota , Umeno Tomohiro , Suzuki Noriko , Usui Kazuteru , Kawahata Masatoshi , Karasawa Satoru
Published: October 2022

For the detection of trivalent ions, the chelate-free pH-responsive “Turn-ON”-type fluorescence probes based on INAs were constructed. Based on the X-ray analysis, cationic INAs formed unique outer-sphere complexes for AlIII ions.
A class of electron-deficient units: fluorenone imide and its electron-withdrawing group-functionalized derivatives
Authors: Chen Zhicai , Zhang Yu , Wang Pu , Yang Jiaxin , Yang Kun , Li Jianfeng , Yang Jie , Li Yongchun , Dong Huanli , Guo Xugang
Published: October 2022

Here, we report a class of new building blocks, namely, fluorenone imide (FOI) and its derivatives (FIEWGs), featuring excellent solubility, high planarity and low-lying LUMO energy levels.
Self-assembling small-molecule adjuvants as antigen nano-carriers
Authors: Jin Shuyu , Zhuo Shao-hua , Takemoto Yasushi , Li Yan-mei , Uesugi Motonari
Published: October 2022

Nano-carrier adjuvant for antigens: the co-delivery of antigens and adjuvants and the high degree of antigen presentation are achieved by conjugating peptide antigens with cholicamide, a self-assembling small molecule adjuvant.
Synthesis and structural characteristic of pyridine carboxylic acid adducts with squaric acid
Authors: Gołdyn Mateusz , Skowronek Julia , Komasa Anna , Bartoszak-Adamska Elżbieta , Lewandowska Aneta , Dega-Szafran Zofia , Cofta Grzegorz
Published: October 2022

Squaric acid was used as a coformer to pyridine carboxylic acid cocrystallization. Adducts were obtained by evaporation from solution. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies were also performed. Thermal analysis reveals the high thermal stability of the obtained complexes.
The impact of different geometrical restrictions on the nonadiabatic photoisomerization of biliverdin chromophores
Authors: Fang Yuan , Huang Haiyi , Lin Kunni , Xu Chao , Gu Feng Long , Lan Zhenggang
Published: October 2022

The photoisomerization mechanism of biliverdin chromophores under different constrained conditions was explored by nonadiabatic dynamics simulation.
Formation of NaCl eutectics in water-in-oil emulsion
Authors: Kimizuka Norihito
Published: October 2022

It is shown by thermal analysis and optical microscopy observations that when an NaCl aqueous solution is cooled as a water-in-oil emulsion, a metastable eutectic is formed that has a eutectic point at around −28 °C.
Effect of the excitation setup in the improved enhancement factor of covered-gold-nanorod-dimer antennas
Authors: Ramos Iván A. , León Hilario L. M. , Pedano María L. , Reynoso Andrés A.
Published: October 2022

Covering nanorod-dimers (for contacting them) breaks the antenna top/bottom symmetry. Excitations coming from the top, bottom, or odd/even superposition of both, change the optimal dimensions for maximizing the SERS enhancement factor at the gap.
Global optimization of extraframework ensembles in zeolites: structural analysis of extraframework aluminum species in MOR and MFI zeolites
Authors: Khramenkova Elena V. , Venkatraman Harshini , Soethout Victor , Pidko Evgeny A.
Published: October 2022

An expert bias-free operando computational modelling study of the structure and stability of extraframework aluminum species in the pores of mordenite and ZSM-5 zeolites is presented.
A comprehensive theoretical study of positron binding and annihilation properties of hydrogen bonded binary molecular clusters
Authors: Yoshida Daisuke , Kita Yukiumi , Shimazaki Tomomi , Tachikawa Masanori
Published: October 2022

Small hydrogen inorganic molecules such as water have no positron binding ability. We revealed that their hydrogen bonded binary molecular clusters exhibit greater positron affinities due to the increased dipole moments and polarization effect.
The role of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in biofiltration for the removal of trace organic compounds in secondary wastewater effluent
Authors: Babcock Nicholas , Dickenson Eric , Gerrity Daniel , Papp Katerina , Quinones Oscar , Khan Eakalak
Published: October 2022

Although nitrifying microorganisms play an important role in TOrC biotransformation, ammonia-rich environments appear to hinder important cometabolic processes, whereas low-dose monochloramine has minimal impact on biofilter performance.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: Challenges in cryo electron microscopy
Authors: Saibil Helen R.
Published: October 2022

A brief overview of the highlights in the development of cryo EM is followed by an introduction to the discussion talks. The image represents a field of single particles with conformational and compositional heterogeneity, and preferred orientation.
Pogostone attenuates adipose tissue inflammation by regulating the adipocyte–macrophage crosstalk via activating SIRT1
Authors: Li Dan , Xing Ziwei , Yu Tingting , Dong Wei , Wang Zhiwei , Peng Cheng , Yang Chao
Published: October 2022

Pogostone prevents adipose tissue inflammation by activating the deacetylase SIRT1.
Jerusalem artichoke inulin supplementation ameliorates hepatic lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice by modulating the gut microbiota and fecal metabolome
Authors: Li Jianpeng , Jia Siqiang , Yuan Chao , Yu Bin , Zhang Zheng , Zhao Meng , Liu Pengfei , Li Xia , Cui Bo
Published: October 2022

The main focus of this study was on the protection mechanism of Jerusalem artichoke inulin (DI) against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated with abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dysfunction in T2DM mice.
A new catalyst based on disposed red mud for the efficient electrochemical reduction of nitrate-to-ammonia
Authors: Xu Yan-Tong , Ren Ke-Cheng , Tao Zui-Miao , Sam Daniel Kobina , Feng Enlang , Wang Xiang , Zhang Gengming , Wu Junchi , Cao Yan
Published: October 2022

A sustainable red mud disposal solution is proposed based on the emerging electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia reduction reaction, exhibiting outstanding performance and efficient energy conversion compared to many other synthetic catalysts.
An enzyme-assembled gel monolithic microreactor for continuous flow asymmetric synthesis of aryl alcohols
Authors: Chen Qiang , An Yuchao , Feng Mingjian , Li Jincheng , Li Yanjie , Tong Feifei , Qu Ge , Sun Zhoutong , Wang Yujun , Luo Guangsheng
Published: October 2022

For the first time, a porous gel-monolithic microreactor with high catalytic-activity and stability was developedvia in situassembling of alcohol-dehydrogenase.
Hydrogen bond reconstruction strategy for eutectic solvents that realizes room-temperature dissolution of cellulose
Authors: Tong Zhihan , Wang Wen , Zeng Suqing , Sun Yaxu , Meng Juan , Liu Yongzhuang , Xia Qinqin , Yu Haipeng
Published: October 2022

Based on a hydrogen-bond reconstruction strategy, a new solvent was designed to realize the efficient dissolution of cellulose at room temperature.
Ultrasensitive detection of 244Pu in environmental samples by accelerator mass spectrometry
Authors: Păceşilă Doru , Bishop Shawn , Stanciu Iuliana , Enăchescu Mihaela , Petre Alexandru Răzvan , Virgolici Marian , Iancu Decebal , Ţugulan Liviu , Done Laurenţiu , Petraglia Antonio , Terrasi Filippo , Marzaioli Fabio , Porzio Giuseppe , Buompane Rafaelle , Gialanella Lucio
Published: October 2022

Plutonium radiochemical separation using TEVA resin and chemical recoveries determined by alpha spectrometry. Zero background measurement of 244Pu by AMS from environmental sediments from Bikini Atoll island and the Pacific Ocean.
Incorporated O-CoP nanosheets with an O–P interpenetrated interface as electrocatalytic cathodes for rechargeable Li–CO2batteries
Authors: Qu Siyu , Wang Wenjie , Ju Zhengfa , Deng Qinghua , Zhao Wentian , Fang Zhao , Yan Wuwei , Yang Yong
Published: October 2022

An electrocatalytic material based on oxygen-decorated CoP nanosheets with an O–P interpenetrated interface was prepared for rechargeable Li–CO2battery cathodes.
Carbazole-based near-infrared-emitting fluorescence probe for the detection of bisulfite in live animals and real food samples
Authors: Shang Zhuye , Liu Jianhua , Meng Qingtao , Jia Hongmin , Gao Yun , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Run , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: October 2022

A carbazole-based near-infrared (NIR)-emitting fluorescent probe (QPM) was successfully developed for the detection of HSO3− in live animals and in real food samples.
Aza-[4 + 2] cycloadditions employing catalytically derivedN-acyliminium ions
Authors: Owen Niamh J. , McLaughlin Mark G.
Published: October 2022

An aza-[4 + 2] cycloaddition employingN-acyliminium ions is reported, allowing access to novel fused ring systems.
Water treatment using stimuli-responsive polymers
Authors: Abousalman-Rezvani Zahra , Roghani-Mamaqani Hossein , Riazi Hossein , Abousalman-Rezvani Ozra
Published: October 2022

Stimuli-responsive polymers are a new category of smart materials used in water treatmentviaa stimuli-induced purification process and subsequent regeneration processes.
Correction: Graphene oxide-iron oxide and reduced graphene oxide-iron oxide hybrid materials for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants
Authors: Yang Xin , Chen Changlun , Li Jiaxing , Zhao Guixia , Ren Xuemei , Wang Xiangke
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘Graphene oxide-iron oxide and reduced graphene oxide-iron oxide hybrid materials for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants’ by Xin Yang et al., RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 8821–8826, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2RA20885G.
One-pot tandem synthesis of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural as a potential biofuel
Authors: Castro Gabriel Abranches Dias , Fernandes Sergio Antonio
Published: October 2022

5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) is a potential biofuel, fuel additive and raw material in the chemical and beverage industry.
Spatial reorganization of analytes in charged aqueous microdroplets
Authors: Basuri Pallab , Chakraborty Amrita , Ahuja Tripti , Mondal Biswajit , Kumar Jenifer Shantha , Pradeep Thalappil
Published: October 2022

Microscopic visualization of charged aqueous microdroplets reveals mass/size-selective segregation and spatial localization of solutes in the nanometer-thin air–water interface, along with the formation of micro–nano vacuoles at the droplet interior.
Opening the pathway towards a scalable electrochemical semi-hydrogenation of alkynolsviaearth-abundant metal chalcogenides
Authors: Pellumbi Kevinjeorjios , Wickert Leon , Kleinhaus Julian T. , Wolf Jonas , Leonard Allison , Tetzlaff David , Goy Roman , Medlock Jonathan A. , junge Puring Kai , Cao Rui , Siegmund Daniel , Apfel Ulf-Peter
Published: October 2022

Holistic pathway for the sustainable electrochemical hydrogenation of alkynols – from robust metal sulphides to scalable zero-gap electrolysers.
Bidirectional catalyst design for lithium–sulfur batteries: phase regulation cooperates with N-doping
Authors: Liang Xinqi , Cai Jinyan , Qiu Saisai , Niu Shuwen , Liu Yulong , Wang Xi , Wang Gongming , Chen Zhen , Chen Minghua
Published: October 2022

N-doping and phase regulation of MoS2via room temperature NH3 plasma technology achieve efficient bidirectional catalysis for lithium–sulfur electrochemistry.
Polyethyleneimine-based immunoadjuvants for designing cancer vaccines
Authors: Yang Xi , Wei Yuanfeng , Zheng Lingnan , You Jia , Li Huawei , Gao Ling , Gong Changyang , Yi Cheng
Published: October 2022

PEI-based cancer vaccines increase the cellular uptake of antigens and adjuvants by dendritic cells and promote activation and antigen cross-presentation to effectively cross-prime antigen-specific T cells and B cells for robust antitumor immunity.
Linezolid@MOF-74 as a host–guest system with antimicrobial activity
Authors: Ramos Dalia , Aguila-Rosas Javier , Quirino-Barreda Carlos T. , Santiago-Tellez Alfonso , Lara-García Hugo A. , Guzmán Ariel , Ibarra Ilich A. , Lima Enrique
Published: October 2022

The LNZ@MOF-74(Cu) sample exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity than the LNZ@MOF-74(Zn) sample due to the synergistic effect of release of linezolid and Cu(ii) ions as a consequence of the degradation of MOF-74(Cu).
Correction: Altering heating area assisted space confined method for growth of large scale and high quality MAPbBr3 single crystal thin films
Authors: Li Changqian , Chen Feitong , Wang Kaiyu , Yao Qing , Zhang Jie , Zhao Qiqi , Huang Qi , Zhu Huiling , Ding Jianxu
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘Altering heating area assisted space confined method for growth of large scale and high quality MAPbBr3 single crystal thin films’ by Changqian Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tc02301f.
Implications of plastic pollution on global marine carbon cycling and climate
Authors: Kvale Karin
Published: October 2022

Plastic pollution can both chemically and physically impede marine biota. But it can also provide novel substrates for colonization, and its leachate might stimulate phytoplankton growth. Plastic contains carbon, which is released into the environment upon breakdown. All of these mechanisms have been proposed to contribute global impacts on open ocean carbon cycling and climate from ubiquitous plastic pollution. Laboratory studies produce compelling data showing both stimulation and inhibition of primary producers and disruption of predatory lifecycles at individual scale, but global carbon cycle impacts remain mostly unquantified. Preliminary modelling estimates ecosystem alterations and direct carbon release due to plastic pollution will remain vastly less disruptive to global carbon cycling than the direct damage wrought by fossil fuel carbon emissions. But when considered by mass, carbon in the form of bulky, persistent plastic particles may be disproportionally more influential on biogeochemical cycling than carbon as a gas in the atmosphere or as a dissolved component of seawater. Thus, future research should pay particular attention to the optical and other physical effects of marine plastic pollution on Earth system and ecological function, and resulting impacts on oxygen and nutrient cycling. Improved understanding of the breakdown of plastics in the marine environment should also be considered high-priority, as any potential perturbation of biological carbon cycling by plastic pollution is climate-relevant on centennial timescales and longer.
Automatic power‐stage partitioning method for reconfigurable SC DC‐DC converters with reduced power‐cell redundancy
Authors: Mu Xuchu , Li Huihua , Jiang Yang , Law Man‐Kay , Mak Pui‐In , Martins Rui P.
Published: October 2022

This letter presents an automatic power‐stage implementation and optimization methodology for fully‐integrated reconfigurable switched‐capacitor (SC) DC‐DC converters with fine‐grained voltage conversion ratios (VCRs). The proposed technique resolves the design challenge of a simultaneous realization of full capacitance utilization, optimal sub‐cell sizing ratio, and implementation complexity reduction. It is based on the proposed partitioning algorithms and attains a significant sub‐cell number reduction, particularly for finer‐grained VCR designs, saving the power‐stage area overhead. With a given set of VCRs and hardware constraints, the proposed methodology can generate a specific power‐stage partitioning solution, including the total number and sizing ratio for the power stage sub‐cells, ensuring an optimal power‐stage conduction loss property under a given on‐chip capacitance area. The proposed methodology is applicable to both linear and binary types of SC converters. Compared with the advanced works, the proposed method realizes the number of sub‐capacitors reduction over 50% under the same VCRs. Meanwhile, over 90% of the sub‐cells can be eliminated for linear‐type SC converters with a VCR range of 10:1–2:1, theoretically.
Wideband filtering waveguide antenna based on the stepped impedance resonator
Authors: Qi Shi‐Shan , Guo Yue , Wu Wen
Published: October 2022

A wideband filtering waveguide antenna is proposed. The stepped impedance waveguide resonator is used to obtain three resonance modes, widening the bandwidth from 1.9 to 5 GHz. Besides, the antenna integrates a band‐stop filter, which consists of four rectangular resonant cavities, without increasing the lateral and vertical dimensions of the entire antenna. The integrated filter effectively suppresses the antenna gain near 16 GHz, which is outside the working band. Additionally, groove resonance is used to increase the gain of antenna by 4 dB, and two pair of grooves which resonant at different frequencies are employed to increase the bandwidth of realised gain. Finally, a prototype has been developed, the measured relative impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −10 dB) of the proposed antenna is 49.6% at the centre frequency of 11 GHz, and the 3 dB gain bandwidth is 5.1 GHz.
A novel cost‐effective voltage fluctuations management in a droop‐controlled islanded microgrid
Authors: Majd Zahra , Kalantar Mohsen
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a new energy management system (EMS) for an islanded microgrid (MG) to increase power system security cost‐effectively. The small size of MGs, variations in renewable energy sources (RESs) output power, and low inertia of power electronic interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs) convert voltage fluctuations into a vital issue for the MG EMS. This paper proposes a two‐stage stochastic multiobjective framework to simultaneously attain economic, environmental, and technical aims. In the first stage, many scenarios related to RESs output power variations, load demand changes, and DERs contingency outages are generated using Monte Carlo simulation. Afterwards, generated scenarios are reduced and applied to the second stage. A novel objective function based on the expected voltage fluctuations (EVFs) caused by active and reactive power variations is proposed, which is minimized alongside the active and reactive costs and MG emission. The proposed model is applied to a test MG, and active and reactive power and primary and secondary reserve scheduling are correctly accomplished for five different cases. Precise analysis confirms the notability and effectiveness of MG voltage fluctuations management in energy and reserve scheduling. Numerical results show more than 60% reduction in voltage fluctuations.
Applications of wireless sensor systems to sleep stage estimation for home sleep monitoring
Authors: Lee Jin‐Shyan , Dong Ming‐Feng
Published: October 2022

In recent years, research on sleep monitoring and analysis has attracted many scholars. Among them, the polysomnography (PSG) is performed more accurately. However, PSG is not suitable to be used at home due to its complicated operation and expensive cost. On the other hand, although the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) is a standardized form for sleep quality assessment, the subjective and backward evaluation may lead to intuitive results. Therefore, this paper is intended to develop a sleep stage estimation system for home health care services. In the proposed platform, the sleep conditions, including the heart rate (HR) and body movement, are collected by an HR monitor and a force sensor array, respectively. Also, the fuzzy inference system is applied to the sleep depth evaluation, and then, the finite state machine is utilised to estimate the sleep stage. Experimental results show that the developed platform not only reduces the burden of PSG measurements, but also provides more convincible and reasonable results, presenting as an assistive tool of the conventional PSQI tests.
The Great Flare of 2021 November 19 on AD Leonis
Authors: Stelzer B. , Caramazza M. , Raetz S. , Argiroffi C. , Coffaro M.
Published: October 2022

We present a detailed analysis of a superflare on the active M dwarf star AD Leonis. The event presents a rare case of a stellar flare that was simultaneously observed in X-rays (with XMM-Newton) and in the optical (with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, TESS). The radiated energy in the 0.2 − 12 keV X-ray band (1.26 ± 0.01 × 1033 erg) and the bolometric value (EF, bol = 5.57 ± 0.03 × 1033 erg) place this event at the lower end of the superflare class. The exceptional photon statistics deriving from the proximity of AD Leo has enabled measurements in the 1 − 8 Å GOES band for the peak flux (X1445 class) and integrated energy (EF, GOES = 4.30 ± 0.05 × 1032 erg), which enables a direct comparison with data on flares from our Sun. From extrapolations of empirical relations for solar flares, we estimate that a proton flux of at least 105 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 accompanied the radiative output. With a time lag of 300 s between the peak of the TESS white-light flare and the GOES band flare peak as well as a clear Neupert effect, this event follows the standard (solar) flare scenario very closely. Time-resolved spectroscopy during the X-ray flare reveals, in addition to the time evolution of plasma temperature and emission measure, a temporary increase in electron density and elemental abundances, and a loop that extends into the corona by 13% of the stellar radius (4 × 109 cm). Independent estimates of the footprint area of the flare from TESS and XMM-Newton data suggest a high temperature of the optical flare (25 000 K), but we consider it more likely that the optical and X-ray flare areas represent physically distinct regions in the atmosphere of AD Leo.
Deep and fast Solar System flybys: the controversial case of WD 0810-353
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos R. , de la Fuente Marcos C.
Published: October 2022

Context. Most flybys in the Galactic disk are distant, beyond 104 AU, and have characteristic velocities of ~70 km s−1. However, deep and fast encounters also take place, albeit with lower probability, particularly if one of the objects involved is a stellar remnant ejected during a supernova. WD 0810-353 might be a high velocity white dwarf, and it was recently identified as heading straight for the Solar System; however, the Gaia DR3 data that support its future deep and fast flyby are regarded as suspicious.

Aims. Here, we reanalyze the Gaia DR3 data set associated with WD 0810-353 to confirm or reject the reality of its Solar System flyby and also to investigate its possible runaway status.

Methods. We studied the evolution of WD 0810-353 forward in time using N-body simulations. We computed the distribution of distances of closest approach and their associated times of perihelion passage. We used a statistical analysis of the kinematics of this object to assess its possible hypervelocity. We compared its mean BP/RP spectrum to those of other well-studied white dwarfs.

Results. We confirm that WD 0810-353 is headed for the Solar System, but the actual parameters of the encounter depend strongly on its radial velocity. The Gaia DR3 value of −373.74 ± 8.18 km s−1 is strongly disfavored by our analyses. Its mean BP/RP spectrum suggests a value over ten times higher based on the position of its putative Hα line. However, spectral matching using other white dwarfs with non-Gaia data indicate a radial velocity in the interval (−60, −70) km s−1.

Conclusions. These results confirm the future flyby of WD 0810-353 near the Solar System, although the relative velocity could be high enough or the minimum approach distance large enough to preclude any significant perturbation on the Oort cloud.
L’impact des mutations neutres sur l’évolvabilité et l’évolution des génomes
Authors: Tenaillon Olivier , Matic Ivan
Published: October 2022

Les mutations bénéfiques à forts effets sont rares et les mutations délétères sont éliminées par la sélection naturelle. La majorité des mutations qui s’accumulent dans les génomes ont donc des effets sélectifs très faibles, voire nuls ; elles sont alors appelées mutations neutres. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, il a été montré que les mutations, même en l’absence d’effet sur la valeur sélective des organismes, affectent leur évolvabilité, en donnant accès à de nouveaux phénotypes par le biais de mutations apparaissant ultérieurement, et qui n’auraient pas été disponibles autrement. En plus de cet effet, de nombreuses mutations neutres – indépendamment de leurs effets sélectifs – peuvent affecter la mutabilité de séquences d’ADN voisines, et moduler l’efficacité de la recombinaison homologue. De telles mutations ne modifient pas le spectre des phénotypes accessibles, mais plutôt la vitesse à laquelle de nouveaux phénotypes seront produits, un processus qui a des conséquences à long terme mais aussi potentiellement à court terme, en lien avec l’émergence de cancers.
Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in laboratory rodents in China
Authors: Wang Nanhao , Wang Ke , Liu Yufeng , Zhang Xiaotian , Zhao Jinfeng , Zhang Sumei , Zhang Longxian
Published: October 2022

Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis are significant zoonotic intestinal pathogens that can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and induce a host immune response. A total of 1237 fecal samples were collected from laboratory rodents (rats, mice and guinea pigs) from four different locations in China to investigate the infection rates and molecular characterization of these pathogens on experimental animals. Genomic DNA was extracted from each sample, and PCR amplifications were done. Overall, the Cryptosporidium spp. infection rate was 3.8% (47/1237). Four known Cryptosporidium species were identified, namely C. parvum, C. muris, C. tyzzeri and C. homai, the three former being zoonotic species. The overall E. bieneusi infection rate was 3.0% (37/1237). Seven known E. bieneusi genotypes, namely S7, BEB6, J, Henan-IV, CHG10, D and WL6, were detected by sequence analysis. Among these, genotypes D, Henan-IV and CHG10 have a high zoonotic risk. Giardia duodenalis was not detected at any of the three loci (SSU rRNA, bg and gdh) after PCR amplification. This study provides basic data for these pathogens in laboratory rodents in China and lays the foundation for their prevention and control in laboratory animals.
Coordination efficiency for general two-stage network system
Authors: Zhao Tianyi , Xie Jianhui , Chen Ya , Liang Liang
Published: October 2022

Two-stage network data envelopment analysis (DEA) is widely used to evaluate efficiency of different organizations with multiple operations processes or hierarchical structures. Although existing two-stage network DEA assumes two-stage systems resolve the inherent conflicts between two stages, the coordination effect between the two stages is usually ignored. Recently, the relation of two-stage network DEA to traditional “black box” DEA has been studied from the perspective of system coordination. A coordination efficiency was defined and measured by a DEA-based approach based on simple two-stage network systems. In this paper, we propose an extended DEA-based approach for measuring the coordination efficiency for general two-stage network systems. The paper shows that the coordination efficiency based on the multiplier DEA and envelopment DEA approaches is equivalent to each other under both constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) assumptions. The proposed approach is verified via two numerical examples finally.
Unexpected space weather causing the reentry of 38 Starlink satellites in February 2022
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho , Shiota Daikou , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Jin Hidekatsu , Tao Chihiro , Shinagawa Hiroyuki , Miyoshi Yasunobu
Published: October 2022

The accidental reentry of 38 Starlink satellites occurred in early February 2022, associated with the occurrence of moderate magnetic storms. A poorly understood structure of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) caused the magnetic storms at unexpected timing. Therefore, a better understanding of minor CME structures is necessary for the modern space weather forecast. During this event, the “up to 50%” enhancement of air drag force was observed at ~200 km altitude, preventing the satellites’ safety operations. Although the mass density enhancement predicted by the NRLMSIS2.0 empirical model is less than 25% under the present moderate magnetic storms, the real-time GAIA simulation showed a mass density enhancement of up to 50%. Further, the real-time GAIA simulation suggests that the actual thermospheric disturbances at 200 km altitude may occur with larger amplitude in a broader area than previously thought.
Lebensstilinterventionen bei älteren Menschen mit Adipositas:
Gründe, Barrieren und Unterstützungsbedarfe – eine
qualitative Studie
Authors: Görlitz Anja , Koching Mirjam , Torbahn Gabriel , Schoene Daniel , Volland-Schüssel Käte , Ströbele-Benschop Nanette , Kemmler Wolfgang , Volkert Dorothee , Kiesswetter Eva
Published: October 2022

Ziel der Studie Subjektive Gründe, Barrieren sowie
Unterstützungsbedarfe älterer Menschen mit Adipositas
hinsichtlich einer Gewichtsreduktion sind bisher wenig bekannt und wurden daher
in einer qualitativen Studie untersucht.

Methodik Leitfadengestützte, problemzentrierte Interviews wurden
mit 13 Teilnehmenden (selbständig,≥65 Jahre,
BMI≥30 kg/m²) geführt und mittels
strukturierender und zusammenfassender Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring
ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Fast alle Teilnehmenden nannten sowohl Gründe
für (n=5 Kategorien) als auch gegen eine Gewichtsreduktion
(n=6 Kategorien). Soziale Einflüsse und Gesundheitsprobleme
wurden beiden Bereichen zugeordnet. Weitere Gründe für eine
Gewichtsreduktion waren Ästhetik, innerer Druck und Partizipation,
weitere Gründe dagegen eine geringere Lebensqualität
während der Gewichtsreduktion, Zufriedenheit mit dem aktuellen Gewicht,
das Alter sowie Frustration/Resignation aufgrund
„gescheiterter“ Gewichtsreduktionen. Als Barrieren wurden
physiologische, intrinsische, umweltbezogene und hedonische Aspekte genannt.
Hinsichtlich der Gestaltung von Gewichtsreduktionsprogrammen
präferierten die Teilnehmenden Gruppenangebote, einfache
Maßnahmen und Angebote, die eine Tagesstrukturierung
unterstützen. Neben den inhaltliche Komponenten Ernährung,
Bewegung und Verhalten wurden Beratung durch Fachkräfte und medizinische
Betreuung als wichtig angesehen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Berücksichtigung der identifizierten
komplexen Gründe, Barrieren und Unterstützungsbedarfe, als
Schlüsselkomponenten für Motivation und Adhärenz,
könnte zum Erfolg von Lebensstilinterventionen bei älteren
Menschen mit Adipositas beitragen und die Wahl patientenzentrierter
Zielgrößen unterstützen.
Evaluation of Adnexal Masses: The IOTA Concept
Authors: Manegold-Brauer Gwendolin , Timmerman Dirk , Hoopmann Markus
Published: October 2022

Ovarian lesions have a wide range of sonomorphological features with numerous different underlying benign and malignant histologies. Based on the studies conducted by the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) group, ovarian masses can currently be reliably characterized by ultrasound. In the following article, we explain how to use the IOTA terms and definitions and we provide insight into how to safely triage patients with an ovarian mass.
Laparoscopic versus Open Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia Repair in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zubaidi Syukri Ahmad , Ezrien Don Evana , Chen Yong , Nah Shireen Anne
Published: October 2022

Background Laparoscopic hernia repair (LH) is reported to have superior outcomes in pediatric inguinal hernia repair, but its advantages in incarcerated inguinal hernia (IIH) are not defined. We compare the outcomes of LH versus open hernia repair (OH) for pediatric IIH.

Methods We performed a systematic review on all published analyses of LH versus OH for IIH. We identified studies published in 2000 to 2018 from Medline, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. We included only studies that compared both surgical techniques on children aged 18 years or younger. Search terms were variations of “incarcerated inguinal hernia,” “hernia repair,” “laparoscopy,” and “child.” We categorized complications as major (testicular atrophy, ascending testis, recurrence, iatrogenic visceral injury) and minor (wound infection). Heterogeneity was assessed using I2; meta-analyses were performed using random- or fixed-effects models as appropriate. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) or odds ratios (ORs), with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were used for analysis of continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. Significance level was at p-value less than 0.05.

Results Our initial search yielded 549 unique citations. Eight retrospective cohort (RC) studies (584 patients) were included in the final analysis (339 LH, 245 OH). Overall, major complications (eight RC; n = 584; OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17–0.88; p = 0.02) were more common in OH. When each complication was assessed individually, there were no differences between groups. The length of hospital stay in the LH group was shorter than in the OH group (five RC; n = 418; WMD = − 1.39; 95% CI, −2.56 to −0.22; p = 0.02).

Conclusion Laparoscopic repair for IIH is associated with less major complications and shorter hospital stay, but data are limited due to the absence of randomized controlled trials.
Oral Antibiotics and Organ Space Infection after Appendectomy and Intravenous Antibiotics Therapy for Complicated Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Morita Kaori , Fujiogi Michimasa , Michihata Nobuaki , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo , Fujishiro Jun
Published: October 2022

Background There is little consensus regarding management after appendectomy for complicated appendicitis in children. Recent literature suggests that patients may be safely discharged without oral antibiotics after adequate intravenous antibiotics therapy. We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study comparing the proportion of postoperative organ space infection between patients discharged with and without oral antibiotics after appendectomy followed by intravenous antibiotics therapy for complicated appendicitis.

Methods Using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients between 3 and 18 years of age who had undergone appendectomy for complicated appendicitis between July 2010 and March 2018. Propensity score–matched analyses were performed to compare outcomes between the groups with and without oral antibiotics. The primary outcome was readmission due to organ space infection within 60 days of discharge and the secondary outcome was 60-day readmission due to any reason. Additionally, we conducted a stabilized inversed probability of treatment weighting analysis as a sensitivity analysis.

Results We identified 13,100 eligible patients who had received oral antibiotics (n = 3,501) and who had not received oral antibiotics (n = 9,599). Propensity score matching created 2,769 pairs. Readmissions due to organ space infection were 3.4% and 5.2% in the nonusers and users of oral antibiotics, respectively (p = 0.007). The oral antibiotics users also had a significantly higher proportion of readmission due to any reason than the nonusers (5.5 vs. 7.4%, p = 0.004). The sensitivity analyses demonstrated consistent results.

Conclusion Among children who had undergone appendectomy for complicated appendicitis, oral antibiotics following discharge after adequate intravenous antibiotics therapy may increase organ space infection.
Surface Properties and Wear Resistance of Injectable and Computer-Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing–Milled Resin Composite Thin Occlusal Veneers
Authors: Elsahn Nesrine A. , El-Damanhoury Hatem M. , Shirazi Zainab , Saleh Abdul Rahman M.
Published: October 2022

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the microhardness, surface roughness (Ra), and wear behavior of thin occlusal veneers (TOV) fabricated from different injectable composite materials and compare them to a Computer-Aided Design (CAD)/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) resin-based material.

Materials and Methods A 1-mm occusal veneer preparation was done in a mandibular right second molar typodont tooth. The prepared model was duplicated to fabricate 32 replicas and divided into four groups (n = 8). Standard TOV were fabricated either indirectly from Cerasmart blocks, Cerasmart, GC (CS), or directly from Beautifil Injectable X, Shofu (BF), G-ænial Universal injectable, GC (GU), or SonicFill 2, Kerr (SF) using the injection molding technique. All the specimens were subjected to both thermomechanical cyclic loading (TMC) in a chewing simulator. Wear measurement was conducted by three-dimensional (3D) scanning of the veneered models before and after TMC, and the difference in the volume of the sample was recorded as the volumetric material loss due to wear. Ra before and after TMC and Vickers microhardness (VHN) of the tested materials were measured using standardized samples (n = 8). Representative samples from each group were investigated under a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope.

Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to detect the effect of material on VHN and wear. Two-way ANOVA was utilized to examine the impact of material and TMC on Ra. Multiple comparisons between the groups were conducted using Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between hardness and wear and between roughness and wear (α = 0.05).

Results CS exhibited the highest mean VHN (p ≤ 0.001), followed by GU and SF which were statistically similar (p = 0.883) but significantly higher than BF (p < 0.001). After TMC, GU revealed the lowest Ra and volumetric wear (VW), followed by CS, BF, and SF (p < 0.5). A highly significant correlation existed between Ra and VW (p = 0.001, R
2 = 0.9803).

Conclusion The effect of TMC on the surface properties and wear resistance of the investigated TOV is material-dependent. GU injectable TOV are less influenced by TMC than CS milled TOV. In contrast, BF and SF demonstrated significant VW and Ra which might limit their clinical use as TOV.
A Novel Palladium-Based Heterogeneous Catalyst for Tandem Annulation: A Strategy for Direct Synthesis of Acridones
Authors: Gerbino Darío C. , Steingruber H. Sebastián , Mendioroz Pamela , Castro M. Julia , Volpe María A.
Published: October 2022

In order to develop an efficient, rapid, and modular cascade strategy for the direct synthesis of acridones, palladium supported on sulfated alumina and microwave activation are employed. Multifunctional heterogeneous palladium catalysts were prepared in order to carry out the sequential annulation via a Buchwald–Hartwig amination followed by an intramolecular annulation in a one-pot process. This new protocol represents the first report on a catalytic tandem synthesis of acridone derivatives from commercially available starting materials, under ligand-free conditions. The scope of the present methodology is extended to the generation of a library of functionalized acridones, showing high functional group compatibility, in moderate to excellent yields. The applicability of this novel transformation was demonstrated by the concise total synthesis of the natural product arborinine.
Oral Manifestations: A Reliable Indicator for Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Shahbaz Maliha , Kazmi Farhat , Majeed Hanna Abdul , Manzar Saadia , Qureshi Faiza Awais , Rashid Shahrayne
Published: October 2022

Objectives This article identifies undiagnosed DM (UDM) cases in the Pakistani population by perceiving the signs and symptoms of DM and associating them with oral manifestations.

Material and Methods In this cross-sectional study, patients showing at least three or more classical or warning signs like polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and general weakness were considered UDM cases. Detailed oral examination for gingivitis, periodontitis, halitosis, xerostomia, and tongue manifestations was done followed by the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) analysis.

Results Out of 5,878 patients, 214 UDM cases were identified, where 31.8% and 39.7% of the patients were diagnosed as prediabetics and diabetics, respectively, based on HbA1c analysis. Prevalence of gingivitis (97.6%), fissured tongue (91.8%), generalized periodontitis (85.9%), thick saliva (87.1%), xerostomia (84.7%), burning mouth syndrome (63.5%), yellow discoloration of tongue (57.6%), and ecchymosis/ulcers (43.5%) were more in diabetics as compared to prediabetic patients and normal population.

Conclusion The oral manifestations can be crucial for identifying UDM cases. Dentists can play a pivotal role by taking detailed history and thorough oral examination. If three or more symptoms as concluded above are present, an HbA1c analysis should be conducted to prevent preop and postop complications associated with DM.