bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of B2O3 Glass on the Sintering and Microwave Dielectric Properties of MgTiO3–CaTiO3
Authors: Pan Chung Long , Shen Chun Hsu , Lin Wei Cheng , Lin Shin Hung
Published: October 2014

The effects of B2O3additive on the microstructures, the phase formation and the microwave dielectric properties of MgTiO3–CaTiO3ceramics were investigated. The sintering temperature of B2O3-doped 0.95MgTiO3–0.05CaTiO3ceramics can be lowered to due to the liquid phase effect. Formation of second phase MgTi2O5can be effectively restrained through the addition of B2O3. The microwave dielectric properties are found strongly correlated with the sintering temperature as well as the amount of B2O3addition. At , 0.95MgTiO3–0.05CaTiO3ceramics with 10 wt% B2O3addition possesses a dielectric constant of 18.3, aQ×fvalue of 20,000 (at 7 GHz) and a value of −6.12 ppm/. In comparison with pure 0.95MgTiO3–0.05CaTiO3ceramics, the doped sample shows not only a 22% loss reduction but also a lower sintering temperature. That makes it a very promising material to replace the present one for GPS patch antennas.
Energy Efficient Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks with CMIMO-SM Scheme
Authors: Peng Yu Yang , Choi Jae Ho
Published: October 2014

Energy efficiency is one of the important hot issues in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a multi-hop scheme based on a cooperative multi-input multi-outputspatial modulation technique is proposed in order to improve energy efficiency in WSN. In this scheme, the sensor nodes are grouped into clusters in order to achieve a multi-input multi-output system; and a simple forwarding transmission scenario is considered so that the intermediate clusters only forward packets originated from the source cluster down to the sink cluster. In order to verify the performance of the proposed system, the bit energy consumption formula is derived and the optimal number of hopsis determined. By qualitative experiments, the obtained results show that the proposed scheme can deliver the data over multiple hops consuming optimal energy consumption per bit.
Development of Conceptual Model for Uncertainty Management on Project Completion Late Delivery in Environmental Issues
Authors: Zirawani Baharum , Salihin M. Ngadiman , Noorfa H. Mustaffa
Published: October 2014

The construction industry has many underlying causes of uncertainty that impact on late delivery of project completion's performance as well as in time management. Most of researchers proposed a modelling and simulation techniques to solve these uncertainties problem nevertheless not tackling the uncertainty in environmental issues (EI). Yet, the environmental issues were also leading significant deviations for project completion performance, which means it is important to be studied. Therefore, the comprehensive sturvey is discussed in this paper in purpose to develop the uncertainty modeling model on late delivery in environmental issues. The development of conceptual model through a comprehensive survey involving piping's construction industry for water supply company with multi-project construction environment is developed to show the relationship for each cause and affects that underlying uncertainty on late project delivery in environmental issues. Further research is to verify and validate the conceptual model as has been analyzed through fractional factorial design with ANOVA, through the development of uncertainty model via modeling and simulation using MATLAB.
Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation of Root Canal Therapy
Authors: Toosi Amirhosein , Arbabtafti Mohammadreza , Richardson Barry
Published: October 2014

Here we report a haptic virtual reality simulator for root canal treatment (endodontic procedures). A virtual jaw model was extracted from CT data of a live patient and the volumetric data obtained were visualized using a Marching Cubes algorithm. Collision detection and collision response algorithms were developed using a voxel-based approach. Removal of bone was visualized using a modified real-time Marching Cubes method and deformation of the K-files in the internal surface of tooth canal was simulated haptically and graphically using OpenGL and HDAPI of OpenHaptics Libraries. Using a haptic robot (Omni Phantom) the user can burr the enamel and dentin until reaching the pulp chamber and then the internal surface of a root canal can be cleaned using a simulated K-file.
Effect of Genkwa External Application on Frostbite Model of Mices and Rats
Authors: Miao Ming San , Tian Shuo , Bai Ming , Zhu Ping Sheng , Chen Yuan Peng
Published: October 2014

To investigate the effect of Genkwa external application on frostbite model of mices and rats. Used cryostat water immersion method produced frostbite model of mices and rats, objected the Genkwa decoction of high, medium and low doses group and the Genkwa paste of high, low does group to the frostbite Swelling and hemorheology of rats.The Genkwa decoction of high, medium and low doses group and the Genkwa paste of high, low does group topical external application to the frostbite model of mices and rats, made the left posterior reduce paw swelling significantly, reduced legs weight significantly and improved hemorheological indexes significantly. External application Genkwa have a good therapeutic effect to the frostbite model of mices and rats.
Reflectance Analysis of Sputtered Indium Tin Oxide(ITO) Using UV Lambda
Authors: Sauli Zaliman , Retnasamy Vithyacharan , Keng Chai Jee , Palianysamy Moganraj , Kamarudin Hussin
Published: October 2014

Preliminary analysis has been done on the reflectance of sputtered Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) layers. The analysis is done for two different types of layers which is the directly sputtered ITO films and the treated ITO films. In both type of the film it is divided into the thickness of the layer and deposition time. Analysis is done using Perkin Elmer Lambda 950 UV/Vis/NIR Spectrophotometer. The working spectral range is from 250 nm to 800 nm (for transmittance), covering the ultra-violet (UV) and visible spectrum. Results shows thatthe directly deposited thin ITO films had lower reflectance compared to the thick films. The reflectance of the thick films with three and four layers was high (95%) compared to the rest of the films. The treated films produce very low reflectance.
Aspects of Alternative Dispute Creating Bolted Joint Technology Flowdrill
Authors: Maščeník Jozef , Pavlenko Slavko
Published: October 2014

The present paper deals with the efficient use of new technologies boreholes will use thermal drilling Flowdrill. Analyze the state and qualities of the material before and after using drilling. Evaluate and recommend their potential customers in order to decide on the basis of the results obtained, productivity and quality requirements. In conclusion, the determination of the possible applications of the technology in practice after changing the properties of the material around the hole.
Ground Movements in Shield Tunneling and Impacts on Railway Culvert
Authors: Jia Yu Zhuo , Li Rui
Published: October 2014

The excavation of the tunnel will inevitably cause the displacement of soil layer, and then further threatens the safety of high-speed railway operation. Under the engineering background of high-speed rail’s box culvert, using the technique of MIDAS/GTS, the establishment is based on 3 d finite element model of tunnel, soil mass and box culvert, to analyze the effects of box culvert settlement that led by shield tunnel excavation. The research indicates that tunnel excavation causes settlement of box culvert to some large extents, the soil mass should be reinforced to ensure the safety of the high-speed railway operations during the shield construction.
Investigation on Compression and Hardness Properties of Abaca and Manila Hybrid Composite
Authors: Manickavasagam V.M. , Vijaya Ramnath B. , Elanchezhian C. , Vignesh V. , Vijai Rahul V. , Sathya Narayanan S.U. , Tamilselvan V.
Published: October 2014

Nowadays composite materials play a vital role in automotive and aerospace industries due to their important properties like high strength to weight ratio, biodegradability and ease of production. In this paper, compression and hardness properties of a hybrid composite made of manila and abaca fibers are evaluated. Hand layup process is used in this work. The result shows that hybrid composite possesses very high strength and hardness as compared to mono fibre composite.
Effect of Pressing Pressure on Density and Hardness of Powder Miscanthus Reinforced Brake Pads
Authors: Unaldi Mahmut , Kus Recai
Published: October 2014

The aim of this paper is to develop new natural fibre reinforced for automotive brake pad application. For this purpose, new brake pad sampleswere produced using Miscanthus as reinforcement ingredient. The other ingredients are Cashew, Alumina, Phenolic Resin, and Calcite. Three different laboratory formulations were prepared with varying Miscanthus fibre contents from 10, 25, and 40 (wt) and these formulations were moulded four different moulding pressure values such as 50, 100, 200, and 300 MPa. Sieve analysis, density, apparent density, and hardness properties of brake pad samples produced are examined.
Kinematics and Efficacy Analysis of the Seni Silat Cekak Malaysia (Kaedah A)
Authors: Mustapha Ghazirah , Wan Sulaiman Wan Ruzaini , Abdul Majeed Anwar P.P. , Mohd Yahya Nur Hayati , Mahmud Jamaluddin
Published: October 2014

Kaedah A is a fend off technique engaged in Seni Silat Cekak Malaysia, upon confronting a punch force exerted within the vicinity of the thorax area. Hitherto, there is still lack of biomechanical analysis on the execution of Kaedah A. Therefore, this study aims at analysing the effectiveness of Kaedah A based on the total execution time as well as to describe the kinematic characteristics of the hand movement upon its execution. The experiment was carried out by means of motion capture. Microsoft Kinect was utilised to detect the hand movement whilst the post processing of the captured motion was performed via Virtual Sensei Lite. Kaedah A was executed five times by an experienced Seni Silat Cekak Malaysia practitioner to investigate the accuracy and repeatability of the system. The data obtained serves as an input for the trajectory mapping for both initial and end point identification. The time difference, Δt between the points demonstrates that the total time execution for Kaedah A is less than 0.1 s. Further analysis involves filtering the coordinate data obtained in order to generate the polynomial function of the hand movement during the execution of Kaedah A. It could be concluded that the Kaedah A execution has the features of a ballistic movement. The findings provides useful data for reliability prediction as well as further enhancement of the Kaedah A itself.
Research on Piezoelectric Micropump of Combination of Active and Passive Valves
Authors: Sun Jing , Zeng Ping , Lu Hai Long
Published: October 2014

In order to improve the output characteristics of active piezoelectric pump valve, Research on dual-chamber tandem piezoelectric pump of combination of active and passive valves is proposed, And dual-chamber tandem piezoelectric pump of combination of active and passive valves is designed and study. The results show that maximum output flow of dual-chamber tandem piezoelectric pump of combination of active and passive valves is 540ml/min, the most output pressure is 27kPa,the maximum output flow of single-cavity active valve piezoelectric pump is 160ml/min;the most output pressure is 9.8kPa, obtained the conclusion that output flow and output pressure of the dual-chamber tandem of combination of active and passive valve is superior to single chamber active valve piezoelectric pump.
A Trigonometric Shear Deformation Theory for Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Plates
Authors: Wu Jiang , Xiang Song
Published: October 2014

A trigonometric shear deformation theory is presented to analyze the free vibration of functionally graded plate. The Navier-type analytical method is used to solve the governing differential equations. The natural frequencies of simply supported functionally graded plates are calculated and compared with the available results.
The Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of 18Cr2NiWA's Cutting Processing Performance
Authors: Gong Min Li , Huo Zhi Yi , Liu Hong Yan
Published: October 2014

The evaluation of material cutting performance is a complicated and comprehensive process. Only by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation way can we get a satisfactory result. This essay, on the basis of fuzzy theory, illustrates the steps of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, introduces the factors influencing 18Cr2NiWA's cutting processing performance, gives a fuzzy evaluation of the factors, and thereby successfully solves the problems regarding these multi-factors' decision and evaluation.
A Design Method of Aero Fuel Centrifugal Pump with Integrated Inducer and Impeller
Authors: Li Jia , Li Hua Cong , Fu Jiang Feng , Wang Shu Hong
Published: October 2014

With the development of the aero engine control technique, aero fuel centrifugal pump with integrated inducer and impeller meet the requirements better than the divided pump. This paper established the hybrid network of the centrifugal pump which adopted multi-block topology structure and octree format, analyzed the internal flow field performance of the pump based on numerical simulation. The simulation datas compared with test datas show that under different calculation conditions, head error of the simulation data and experimental data is less than 1%, and the efficiency value of error is less than 5%. The simulation method can accurately calculate the performance of the pump. The simulation analysis shows that the asymmetry of the impeller internal pressure is appreciable under different flow conditions because of the inlet length, under other small flow conditions. The most dramatic change is the pressure in the impeller channel, and the pressure under large flow conditions is lower than that under other flow conditions. In fixed location of the pressure side, there may produce low speed flow group, the situation is the same as in the entrance to the attachment of back pressure side.
Interaction of Purple Sweet Potato Extract with Ascorbic Acid in FeCl3 Solution
Authors: Ayende  , Rustandi Andi , Soedarsono Johny Wahyuadi , Priadi Dedi , Sulistijono  , Suprapta Dewa Ngurah , Priyotomo Gadang , Bakri Ridla
Published: October 2014

Utilization of ascorbic acid as corrosion inhibitor has several weaknesses. These weaknesses are easy to oxidize in solution form and reduction of its antioxidant properties due to heat, light, oxidizing agent, dissolve oxygen, and heavy metals. Purple sweet potato extract is an alternative green corrosion inhibitor with major contains of anthocyanin compound. Anthocyanin will withstand enzymatic reaction and oxidation process of ascorbic acid. Addition of purple sweet potato extract in ascorbic acid will enhance inhibition efficiency of steel compare to the used of ascorbic acid alone. Interaction of purple sweet potato extract with 0.01M ascorbic acid in 0.1M FeCl3environment was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The result shows that interaction of purple sweet potato extract with ascorbic acid in 0.1M FeCl3build ability to form iron chelate.
The Analysis of Displacements and the Load Distribution between Elements in a Planetary Roller Screw
Authors: Lisowski Filip
Published: October 2014

The paper presents an analysis of displacements and the load distribution between elements in the planetary roller screw for assumed computational model. Based on the analysis of stresses and threads deformations the load distribution on threads for the case of consistent and opposite load of the screw and nut is obtained. By applying finite element analysis the stiffness of the contact regions on threads was estimated for various dimensions of the screw, roller and nut.
Seismic Responses of Multiple-Circuit Transmission Tower-Line System
Authors: Kong Wei , Men Shi Guang , Tao Yun Fei
Published: October 2014

Compared with normal transmission towers, the multiple-circuit tower was higher and heavier,it also had a longer crossarm. Response spectral method was taken to analysis the transmission tower-line’s response under earthquake.The results obtained from single tower and tower-line system under the earthquake were compared with each other，such as the tower members’ axial stresses and horizontal shears on supports .In addition,this paper discussed seismic load effects on the transmission tower-line system and some useful results were derived.
Application of Large Size and High Strength Angle in UHV Transmission Line Tower
Authors: Gan Feng Lin , Wang Xin
Published: October 2014

Considering width and thickness of large width angle steel, the section area of large width angle steel is larger than that of normal angle steel. Application of large width angle can increase bearing capacity of the member. Therefore it is feasible that large width angle steel replaces double combined angle steels. Taking the tower for ±800 kV DC transmission line from Jin ping to south Jiangsu Province, under the same design conditions, large width angle steel and double combined angle steels are used respectively in the main members of the tower to modeling finite element analysis.The results indicate that the stiffness variation is more uniform, causing rod end bending bar additional stress is about the axial stress of about 2%~3%.
A New Hybrid Algorithm of Trust Region Methods
Authors: Zhang De Qing , Zhou Pei Pei , Zhou Qing Hua
Published: October 2014

In the solution of trust region subproblem within the classical trust region algorithms, the centre of sphere is the current interaction point and one step-size is the upper bound. Considering that only with the negative gradient direction to acute angle may reduce the function value, we introduce the parameter to control of the centre of sphere and the radius. Based on the numerical experiments, obtains the value range of the parameter. The numerical evaluation demonstrates the validity of the new trust region algorithms.
Optimization of Microclimate in Residential Buildings
Authors: Vuksanovic Dusan , Murgul Vera , Vatin Nikolay , Pukhkal Viktor
Published: October 2014

Nowadays it is possible to reduce energy consumption without losing comfort as a result of using efficient energy saving technologies and advanced environment control methods for buildings. One of the measures to improve energy performance of buildings can be installation of decentralized air intake and exhaust mechanical ventilation systems with plate heat exchangers in apartments making it possible to «return» up to 85% of thermal energy. The article deals with the decentralized system controlled ventilation with heat recovery and alternative solutions heating supply air in residential buildings.
Highly Compacted and Reinforced Soil Beds as an Efficient Method to Build Artificial Foundation Based on Weak Soils
Authors: Usmanov Rustam , Vatin Nikolay , Murgul Vera
Published: October 2014

Reliable construction and maintenance of buildings and structures based on weak and highly-compressive soils are closely related to artificial methods of how to prepare for foundation works. And changing a layer of weak soil in deformed foundation with a compacted soil bed consisted of various strong materials (sand, gravel, pebble-gravel, slag, production waste materials and others) can be considered as one of efficient methods. With the existing calculation methods used the dimensions of compacted beds quite often appear to be overestimated, and this results in increase in costs and working hours needed to build artificial foundation. It is more rational to create highly compacted and reinforced soil beds. The article deals with the general outcomes of experimental and theoretical research on design and foundation works of these beds which give evidence of their efficiency and explicit possibilities to expand fields of application.
A Relation between Function and Architectural Form in the Observers Perception
Authors: Alihodzic Rifat , Murgul Vera , Vatin Nikolay
Published: October 2014

The work presented deals with the experiance of the architectural form related to its function, which is one of permanently open questions in the architectural theory. Various practical situations are considered, in which the architectural form meets its relation towards the function happening within the construction. That range could go from the extremely simplified relation we recognize as in famous phrase „form follows the function“, to the absolute incoherence of the facade from the activities that are performed inside the construction. The influences of these relations on cognitive processes of the observer are considered, as well as the important elements that affect them.
The Method to Determine Sites and Facilities for Wind-Diesel Power Plants Construction
Authors: Pilipets Polina , Vatin Nikolay , Murgul Vera
Published: October 2014

This article deals with integration of a wind power plant (WPP) into the power system in the settlement of Amderm (in the case of the Kara Sea coast). An optimal arrangement of a wind–diesel power plant to ensure an uninterrupted and reliable power supply (WDPP) and cost reduction is considered herein as well.
Decentralized Ventilation Systems with Exhaust Air Heat Recovery in the Case of Residential Buildings
Authors: Murgul Vera , Vuksanovic Dusan , Vatin Nikolay , Pukhkal Viktor
Published: October 2014

Decentralized ventilation systems applied in residential buildings are generalized in this article. Basic system elements and devices and tools assigned for its application are considered herein. Basic requirements for design of the ventilation systems used in residential buildings are stipulated.
Grain and Feature Size Effect on Material Behavior for Micro-Sheet-Forming
Authors: Musa Mohd Azam , Razali Akhtar Razul , Kasim Nazrul Idzham
Published: October 2014

Negligible factors in bulk materials, such as grain-size effects, have proven inappropriate to be neglected for micro-forming processes. Studies had shown that material behavior varies greatly with the increasing of the scale in the micro-forming world. Therefore, in every micro-forming-related process, especially in micro-stamping, studies and analyses of each material used for the process have to be considered as indispensable in order to be able to understand their behavior and to be able to correlate their behavior with the process. Uniaxial tensile-testing experiments have been carried out to determine the strip’s properties, behavior and its correlation with the feeding process in micro-stamping/micro-sheet-forming application. Based on the results of the uniaxial tensile-test experiments conducted, the flow stress was found to decrease with the decrease of the strip thickness and vice versa, due to the size/scale effect. A surface model was used to explain the findings.
Bond Strength Comparison between Silicon and Glass Based Surface Using Anodic Bonding
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Hafiz Ab , Sauli Zaliman , Retnasamy Vithyacharan , Wan Norhaimi Wan Mokhdzani , Yeow Aaron Koay Terr , Kamarudin Hussin
Published: October 2014

This paper reports on the bond strength comparison between silicon and different glass based materials via anodic bonding approach. The three types of glass based surface used were silica, pyrex, and soda lime glass. Silicon will be placed on the positive terminal and glass based materials will be placed on the negative terminal. Experiments were carried out using an in-house designed anodic bonder and the bond strength were measured using a bond strength tester. The anodic bonding approach process was done in two sets which are before and after the cleaning process for each sample. For every set, there are three different bonding partners, which are silicon with silica, silicon with Pyrex, and silicon with soda lime glass. From the results, it can be seen that almost all samples showed higher bond strength after the cleaning process. Silicon with soda lime glass bonding shows the highest bond strength compared with other materials.
Modal Analysis of the Line Inspection Robot's Manipulator
Authors: Li Jian , Dong Xu , Zheng Zhong Cai , Gao Yan , Jiang Zhen Ting , Xiao Hai Yong
Published: October 2014

The Line Inspection Robot is used to detect the line's defects when it walks on the overhead lines. It will be swinging under its own vibration and the action of wind , due to the robot arms hanging on overhead line alone ,so the dynamic characteristics of robot arm cannot be ignored. In this paper, we establish three-dimensional models of the line inspection robot's manipulator with double manipulators of antisymmetric structure, and conduct solving and post-processing of statics and modal analysis after meshing and applying constraints. The manipulator's low frequencies and vibration modals are drawn, so we can provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable optimization improvements to the line inspection robot's manipulator with double manipulators of antisymmetric structure.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis and Improvement of TK6920 Spindle Box
Authors: Hu Hai , Hua Zhong Ping , Yang Zhe
Published: October 2014

TK6920 boring and milling machine is an advanced multi-functional.processing.equipment. Its range of processing is wide and production efficiency is high. It is available for drilling, reaming, threading , milling and cutting trenches plane ; coupled with rotary table , the machine can also bore in opposite direction and multi-faceted process [ 1 ]. Spindle box is one of the most important parts of milling and boring , which is mainly used to install the spindle structure and transmission parts . Spindle box requires not only sufficient stiffness and strength , but also a certain degree of vibration damping ability. Its precision and structural changes have a significant impact on the accuracy of machined parts , so the headstock structural analysis and optimization is necessary
Design of a Fault Diagnosis Model for Power System with Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion
Authors: Wang Jing Dong
Published: October 2014

In view of inherent insufficiency of traditional power grid fault diagnoses expert system inthe aspect of knowledge acquisition,together with the characteristics of decision tree algorithm andexpert system, this paper puts forward a new power gird fault diagnoses expert system model basedon multi-source information fusion with SCADA switch, fault wave recorder electric quantity andWAMS system of electric quantity.On this foundation,we discuss the reasoning mechanism forpower gird, the reasoning algorithm, and the method of knowledge acquisition of the model. Thepractice results show that this proposed new approach improves the diagnostic accuracy comparedwith the conventional way based merely on switching-time data,and has practical value and goodapplication prospects.
Reliability Analysis of Pre-Stressed Concrete Continuous Girders Bridge Using Incremental Launching Method on Different Codes
Authors: Dong Feng Hui , Du Yue Tao , Cui Feng Kun
Published: October 2014

The object of this paper analyzes the reliability level of pre-stressed concrete continuous girder bridges using incremental launching method during construction stages. Typical cross-sections used in the example bridge are considered at construction and service stages, respectively. The calculated results indicate that the reliability indices on the code of D62-2004 vary considerably to the code of JTJ 023-85. Comparing the reliability indices between the constructions shows the different regularity.
Aerial Steel Platform Overall Lifting Process and Stress Calculation
Authors: Yao Shou Tao , Zhao Wei Cheng , Cheng Qun
Published: October 2014

High-rise super large aerial platform project construction has been a greater danger, How to ensure the quality of components assembled and the safety of the construction project is worthy of study. Through finite element analysis on construction conditions of steel structures, ensures the hydraulic synchronous lifting and construction technology of high-altitude hoisting and assembly, greatly reduced the difficulty of installation, quality, safety, cost, schedule is guaranteed.
Research on Decision Forest Classification-Model Based on Feature Counting
Authors: Wang Jing Dong
Published: October 2014

Traditional decision tree is based on the information gain of the decision attribute，but sometimes the information gain is changing dynamically according to different values of the decision attribute.This paper propose the decision forest algorithm which is based on feature counting,deduced the calculation method of dynamic values of decision attribute information gain.,andestablish the model of decision forest with specific data sets.The experiment indicate that the decision-making model of forest classification based on count feature has higher classification accuracy.
Study on the Evaporator Area Effects in the Gravity Feed Liquid Refrigeration System
Authors: Liu Qing Jiang , Ma Xiao Jie , Chen Shi Yuan , Han Fang , Zhan Ren Qing
Published: October 2014

In order to the small gravity feed liquid system cold storage optimization, it is analyzed that the evaporator area in gravity feed liquid system is how to influence the efficiency of the system. The visual basic software is used to simulation. The influence of heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer temperature difference and refrigerating capacity is simulated with the change of the evaporator area of the refrigeration system. Through the experiment, the feasibility of the application software is determined. Also it is found that the reduction of 25% evaporator area can make the system work best under the condition of - 18 °C cold storage temperature.
Error Compensation Based on Lagrange Multiplier in Heterodyne Laser Interferometer
Authors: Oh Eun Hwan , Lee Woo Ram , Lee Kyung Hyun , You Kwan Ho
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we propose a signal compensation algorithm. In heterodyne laser interferometer, the unexpected error restricts the precision such as nonlinearity and environmental error. To improve the accuracy in length measurement, we use the method of Lagrange multiplier which solves the constrained optimization problem and allows to minimize an objective function. With the method of Lagrange, we apply it to a length measurement and show the result of simulation.
Structural-Phase State Analysis of Calcium Mono-Aluminate
Authors: Abzaev Yurii A. , Sarkisov Yurii , Afanas'ev Dmitrii , Klopotov Аnatoliy A. , Gorlenko Nikolaii , Klopotov Vladimir D.
Published: October 2014

The paper presents results of the Rietveld refinement method in X-ray diffraction quantitative phase analysis of calcium mono-aluminate, the mineral. It has been stated that the theoretical calcium mono-aluminate CaO⋅Al2O3. is a high-stable phase, mixing energy of which is equal to 16214,10 eV. Ab-initio calculations and Rietveld refinement method were used to identify die structural state of CaO⋅Al2O3.
Phase Composition of Zirconium Dioxide Stabilized with Yttrium
Authors: Tolkachev Oleg S. , Ivanov Yurii F. , Klopotov Аnatoliy A. , Klopotov Vladimir D. , Shaykina Olga
Published: October 2014

The results of X-ray and thermodynamic analysis of the phase formation in the system Zr-YO, which is the starting material for the formation of yttrium-stabilized ceramic zirconia. Found that the material is multiphase and contains monoclinic, cubic and tetragonal zirconia weight ratios which vary considerably.
The Estimation of Long-Range Internal Stress Fields by Spectral-Acoustic Method
Authors: Smirnov Aleksandr , Ababkov Nikolai V. , Glinka Aleksandra
Published: October 2014

A conceptual model consisting of diagrams, text and terminology dictionary, made in a formalized way and representations of functions, each of which reflects the real state of the long-running metal at all stages of the life cycle. Based on the developed conceptual model, analysis of the results of electron microscopic studies measuring the acoustic characteristics and determination of physical and mechanical properties of the complex criterion limiting state long working metal technical devices hazardous production facilities.
Superior Quality Rails: Structure-Phase States and Defect Substructure
Authors: Gromov Victor , Yuriev Alexei , Ivanov Yurii F. , Morozov Konstantin , Konovalov Sergey , Alsaraeva Kseniya , Semina Olga
Published: October 2014

Using transmission electron microscopy methods the layer by layer analysis of the bulk hardened superior quality rails is carried out and the quantitative parameters of structure, phase state and defect substructure gradients are established. It is shown that the interface boundaries globular cementite particles-matrix are the possible places of microcracks initiation.
Arrangement of Internal Stresses in Grains with Simple or Complex Bends in Deformed Austenitic Steel
Authors: Gibert Ivan , Kiseleva Svetlana , Popova Natalya A. , Koneva Nina , Kozlov Eduard
Published: October 2014

Arrangement of internal stresses in deformed austenitic steel is studied. The internal stresses are determined using parameters of bending extinction contours observing on electron microscope images of steel.
Chromium Alloyed Steel Nitriding within Close-To-Critical Temperature Range
Authors: Kovalevskaya Zhanna G. , Klimenov Vasilii A. , Goncharenko I.M. , Ivanov Yurii F. , Belousova N.S.
Published: October 2014

The paper presents X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses, and durometer measurements used to investigate the structural properties and phase composition of nitride layers of type 20Kh13 mild steel. A method of nitriding by low-pressure arc discharge was applied along with the combined surface treatment including ultrasonic finishing and nitriding. It was shown that within the close-to-critical temperature range starting from 200oС, the nitride layers was formed on the surface of type 20Kh13 mild steel. The ultrasonic pre-treatment shown its effect on the steel nitriding that increased the amount of nitride phases and the value of microharness on the steel surface.
Redistribution of Second Phase Particles in Surface Layers of Deformed Roll
Authors: Kozlov Eduard , Skakov Mazhyn , Uazyrkhanova Gulzhaz , Popova Natal'ya
Published: October 2014

Using optical and electron microscopy and also X-ray diffraction laws were investigated of carbide phases particles redistribution in the roll near-surface layers (at surface and at distance of 0.5 mm, 2 mm from surface) made of 30CrMnSiА steel during hot deformation. There are located at borders and joints of isotropic and anisotropic fragments and also inside these fragments. Shows the dependence of carbide phases volume fraction (cementite and special carbides). There are located in different structural components and different locations of the roll surface layer. Shows a relationship carbides with dislocation substructure. Shows a gradient character in the laws of carbide phases distribution as they approach the roll surface.
Estimation of Current Amplitude Pulse
Authors: Gromov Victor , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Konovalov Sergey , Tang Goui , Song Gou Lin , Alsaraeva Kseniya , Semin Alexander
Published: October 2014

Method of estimation of current amplitude (~10 kA) pulses constructed by powerful current pulse generator is suggested. It bases on the solution of differential equation current and voltage change on capacitor. The final formula consists of maximum value of capacitor charge, maximum negative voltage value, pulse duration and capacitor value.
Gradient Structures and Internal Stress Fields in Surface Layers of Products Made of Steel 0.35C-1Cr-1Mn-1Si after Turning
Authors: Smirnov Aleksandr , Ababkov Nikolai V. , Glinka Aleksandra
Published: October 2014

The effect of different cutting (mechanical heat treatment) on the structural-phase condition and the internal stress field in the surface layers of the product is considered in the article. The regularities of acoustic characteristics depending on the parameters of the structure and stress for the development of nondestructive method for assessing the quality of the surface layer are identified
Impact Properties of Metal-Ceramic Alloys Based on Tungsten-Nickel-Iron-Cobalt System at High-Speed Interaction
Authors: Afanas'eva Svetlana , Belov Nikolai , Biryukov Yurii , Burkin Vladimir , Ishchenko Aleksandr , Rogaev Konstantin , Tabachenko Anatolii , Yugov Nikolai
Published: October 2014

In the given work, the investigations have been directed to the creation of porous composite materials with MgO and B4C ceramic filler. The laboratory technology of obtaining rods from the given materials has been developed. The experimental part of this work was carried out on ballistic set-ups with shaft-reactive and electrochemical technologies of throwing with the use of high-energy plastisol fuels with nanosize metallic fillers. Mathematical modeling of the behavior of materials under conditions of high-speed interaction was carried out in the framework of a porous elastoplastic medium according to different destruction mechanisms.
Stress Formation and Stress Relief within Weld-Affected Zone
Authors: Semukhin Boris , Nekhoroshkov Oleg , Klimenov Vasilii A. , Muzalev Vasilii
Published: October 2014

The paper presents a formation of residual stresses near the weld-affected zone. It is shown that the residual stress values depend on load application and the type of weld joints. The proprietary know-how is suggested for the analysis of stress and strain state using measurement of the ultrasound velocity in weld joints under load. A correlation between effective and residual stresses is shown when testing the bridge crossing over the river Tom (Tomsk, Russia). A method of reducing these stresses using the ultrasonic impact treatment is suggested herein.
Cu-Ag Solid Solutions Formation and Properties upon Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Pilyugin V.P. , Tolmachev Temofei , Solodova Irina , Antonova Olga , Ancharov Alexey , Chernyshov Eugeny , Patselov Alexander
Published: October 2014

A number of nonequilibrium nanocrystalline fcc solid solutions Cu1-x-Agx (x = 0,1; 0,2; ... 0,9; 1,0) were obtained by mechanical alloying of powders by the use of high pressure torsion. Chemical homogeneity, microstructure, mechanical properties and thermostability were studied. The obtained alloys were found to be characterized by a positive excess over Vegard law, ~ 20 nm grain sizes, a microhardeness of 4.5-6 times higher than the Cu and Ag one and brittle type of the fracture surface. In situ shear stress vs. strain measurements and energy-power parameters estimation were performed. A decomposition of nonequilibrium solid solution induced by a thermal influence begins from close to room temperatures and finishes completely at heating up to 500°С accompanied by collective recrystallization development.
Temperature Effect on Solid Solution Formation Mechanism and Kinetics of Cu-Zn System under High Pressure Torsion
Authors: Tolmachev Temofei , Pilyugin V.P. , Patselov Alexander , Chernyshov Eugeny
Published: October 2014

Influence of a nearly room and cryogenic severe deformation of a Cu-Zn powder mixture on a structural and phase transitions and kinetics of mechanical alloying was investigated. A sufficient retardation of structural and phase transformations and low homogeneity of solid solution made at 80K were established in comparison to processing at 273K. A lowering of solution formation kinetics rate is supposed to be due to lock of plastic deformation mechanisms, activated by thermal impact.
Formation of Surface Layers in Cu-C System
Authors: Ivanov Yurii F. , Teresov Anton D. , Ivanova Olga , Gromov Victor , Budovskikh Evgeni , Romanov Denis , Semina Olga , Alsaraeva Kseniya
Published: October 2014

The studies of the structure and tribological properties of the surface layer of copper-doped carbon was performed. The formation of an island structure with a low coefficient of friction (relative to the original copper) was detected.
Effect of Length and Cross-Sectional Area on Ni3Fe Alloy Plasticity
Authors: Starostenkov Mikhail D. , Aish Mohamed Mahmud
Published: October 2014

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out on ultrathin Ni3Fe alloy with face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice upon application of uniaxial tension at nanolevel with a speed of 20 m/s. the deformation corresponds to the direction <001>. To the calculated block of crystal - free boundary conditions are applied in the directions <100>, <010>. Morse potential was employed to carry out three dimensional molecular dynamics simulations. A computer experiment is performed at a temperature corresponding to 300 K. MD simulation used to investigate the effect of long of ultrathin Ni3Fe alloy on the nature of deformation and fracture. The engineering stress–time diagrams obtained by the MD simulations of the tensile specimens of these ultrathin Ni3Fe alloy show a rapid increase in stress up to a maximum followed by a gradual drop to zero when the specimen fails by ductile fracture. The feature of deformation energy can be divided into four regions: quasi-elastic, plastic, flow and failure. The yield strength decreased with increasing long of alloy, but increases with increasing the cross sectional area. Plasticity disappear when the length of the allays is too large. The results showed that breaking position depended on the alloy length.
Influence of Hardening Phase of Coherent and Incoherent Coupling with FCC Matrix on Evolution of Deformation Defect Subsystem and Strain Hardening of Heterophase Alloys
Authors: Daneyko Olga , Kovalevskaya Tatiana , Kulaeva Nadezhda , Kolupaeva Svetlana
Published: October 2014

A mathematical model of plastic deformation of dispersion-hardened materials with FCC matrix and strengthening particles having various coupling with the matrix is presented. The model is based on the equations of balance of deformational defects of various types with allowance for their transformation in the process of plastic deformation. The influence of scale characteristics of the strengthening phase, temperature, and strain rate on the evolution of the dislocation subsystem and on strain hardening of an alloy with FCC matrix is investigated.
Experimental Study and Mathematical Modeling of Development of Crystallographic Slip in Heterophase FCC Alloys
Authors: Grigorjeva Nina , Daneyko Olga , Kovalevskaya Tatiana
Published: October 2014

The experimental results of plastic behavior investigation of Al-6%Zn-3%Mg alloy are compared with the mathematical model of plastic deformation of dispersion hardened FCC materials with undeformed particles. Were determined the factors, when model properly describes the regularities of slip development in this alloy.
Alloys Based on Crystallochemical and Geometric Parameters of Palladium Crystal Structure
Authors: Morozov Мaksim , Potekaev Aleksandr I. , Klopotov Аnatoliy A. , Kulagina Valentina , Markova Тatyana , Klopotov Vladimir D.
Published: October 2014

The results of the analysis of phase equilibria ordered phases in binary systems based on palladium Pd-Me (Me = Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pt) are set out to search for correlations and crystal-chemical and crystal geometric factors. It is found that the packing factor in disordered solid solutions in binary systems based on Pd is close to the value of 0.74 on a background of a slight deviation from the atomic volumes Xena. It is revealed that increasing of the hydrogen permeability in Cu-Pd binary alloys correlates with significant reduction of the packing factor in B2 ordered phase in the range of 40 at.% Pd. It is found that various structural-phase states are formed in Pd-Me binary systems with certain combinations of temperature and size factors.
Defect Structure Evolution in HCP-Zirconium Alloys: The Role of Anisotropy
Authors: Poletika Tomara , Girsova Svetlana , Popova Natal'ya , Kozlov Eduard , Koneva Nina
Published: October 2014

The evolution of the dislocation structure and the ensemble of boundaries during plastic deformation of Zr-Nb alloys studied using electron microscope. The role of the anisotropy of slip in the formation and restructuring of the boundaries, recurrence of dislocation transformation was established. Special emphasis is placed on specific features of geometrically necessary defects evolution. It was found that the geometrically necessary boundaries formation involves an athermal coalescence as a mechanism of relaxation of large accumulated internal stresses, which prevents fracture in an anisotropic polycrystalline material.
Microband Dislocation Substructure: Formation and Evolution with Deformation
Authors: Koneva Nina , Trishkina Ludmila , Fedorischeva Marina , Kozlov Eduard
Published: October 2014

In the paper on a base of electron microscopy study a dynamic of evolution of dislocation substructures (DSS) arising on a stage large plastic deformation is examined. Microband dislocation substructure is a foundation of this consideration. Formation and evolution at deformation of this substructure for Cu-Al and Cu-Mn alloys are considered.
Rules of Fragmentation and Localization at Aluminium Single Crystal Division during Compression Test
Authors: Teplyakova Ludmila A. , Bespalova Irina , Kunitsyna Tatyana
Published: October 2014

This work presents the results of experimental investigations into deformation relief formed at the faces of aluminium single crystals. The aim of the investigations was to define the rules of macro fragmentation and macro localisation processes in plastic deformation. It was established that for the families of maximum loaded planes {111} in the aluminium single crystals, one can differentiate volumes which aren't limited to the specimen's front face. It is assumed that shearing in these volumes is eased during plastic deformation due to the absence of a reverse stress. Moreover, it is suggested that such volumes are called volumes of eased slip (VES). In addition to this, the role played by the volume of eased slip at the macroscopic level during the plastic deformation process was examined.
Processing of Titanium and its Alloys by Microwave Energy
Authors: Imam M. Ashraf , Feng Jerry , Rock Benjamin Y. , Fliflet Arne W.
Published: October 2014

Microwave sintering of titanium and its alloys is a recent development in powder metallurgy of titanium. The sintering in an atmospheric pressure argon gas environment or vacuum is potentially cost effective and energy efficient compared to conventional sintering methods due to the possibility of direct microwave heating of the titanium powder via in-depth energy deposition augmented by hybrid heating in a ceramic casket. The in-depth heating permits very rapid processing (cycle times of potentially less than 10 minutes) which is intended to preserve a very fine grain structure in the final product resulting in excellent mechanical properties and the possibility of superplastic forming. We are investigating this approach using an S–Band microwave system. The process can be also used for composites, laminates, direct alloying, and functionally gradient materials. Evaluations to optimize different parameters for controlling the final density, microstructure, and properties of these materials are underway and results are discussed.