bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF CANINE SURGICAL STERILIZATION AND OTHER DOG POPULATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO COMPLEMENT RABIES PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAMS
Authors: Dugassa Jiregna , Fromsa Abebe , Wirtu Abebe
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To assess the role of canine surgical sterilization and other dog population management strategies to complement rabies prevention and control programs.

Findings: Rabies is highly fatal viral anthropozoonotic disease which is caused by virus of the genus Lyssavirus and transmitted from rabid animals to humans by bite or scratch from rabid animals. Rabies is preventable and controllable disease through integration of one or more animal population control and vaccination methods. However, the primary focus of a rabies control program in dogs is vaccination by implementation of mass dog vaccination aiming for 70% vaccination in order to promote and maintain levels of protection above thresh hold between campaigns which consequently reduces ongoing transmission. Not only these but also, interlinking of one or more of other DPM tools such as prevention and control of reproduction, acceptable euthanisation, surgical sterilization, education and legislation of responsible dog ownership can create effective DPM programs. In developing country the integration of animal birth control and vaccination is not at grass root level so well coordination of veterinarians, human health professionals and other stake holders are vital.
Agronomic Response of Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as Influenced by Soil Textures and Water Levels
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Visayas State University, Philippines, Cagasan Ulysses , Tumaca Carmenchita ,   Department of Plant Science, Aklan State University, Philippines, Juico Purisima ,   Department of Soil Science, Central Luzon State University, Philippines
Published: November 2020

In crop production, it is essential to know the soil characteristics, water requirement, and crop suitability in order to have favorable plant growth and yield. This study was conducted to determine the growth and yield performance of aromatic rice grown in different soil textures and water levels. The experiment was laid out in a 2 x 3 split-plot, Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Four containers per treatment (21.5cm and a height of 23cm pail size) were used, each filled with 10 kg soil under saturated conditions. The different soil textures (S1- Clay Loam, S2- Clay) were designated as the main plots, and various water levels (W1- 1.5cm, W2- 3.0cm, W3- 5.0 cm) were considered as the subplots. The results revealed that rice grown in clay loam soil (S1) were taller, had broader 1 leaf area index, produced flower early, and have more number of tillers hill- (21.11). Likewise, longer panicle length (21.79cm), highest percent filled grains (82%), and 1 1 total grain yield (55g hill- ) equivalent to 6.11 t ha- were obtained from plants grown in clay loam soil. Plants grown in 3.0cm water levels produced more productive 1 tillers hill- (21.83), the highest number of filled grains (138), and highest grain yield 1 1 at 54.35g hill- or equivalent to 5.99 t ha- .
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN KONFLIK DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA BIDANG PENATAAN RUANG DI DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM DAN PENATAAN RUANG KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Ilyas Yasnimar , Devi Sri
Published: November 2020

Suatu organisasi sangat membutuhkan manajemen konflik dan kepemimpinan transformasional untuk meningkatkan kinerja pegawai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: Pengaruh manajemen konflik, pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kinerja pegawai pada bidang penataan ruang di Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Bogor. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan persamaan regresi sebagai berikut: Y= 2,088 + 0,109X1 + 0,845X2, yang artinya adalah bahwa setiap ada peningkatan nilai variabel bebas (manajemen konflik dan kepemimpinan transformasional) maka akan meningkatkan nilai kinerja pegawai pada bidang penataan ruang di dinas pekerjaan umum dan penataan ruang kabupaten bogor. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukan bahwa nilai adjusted R square sebesar 0,415 (41,5%) Dengan kata lain kontribusi pengaruh variabel Manajemen Konflik dan Kepemimpinan Transformasional secara bersama-sama terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Sebesar 41,5%, sedangkan sisanya 58,5% dijelaskan atau dipengaruhi variabel lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Hasil Uji hipotesis baik secara parsial maupun simultan membuktikan bahwa manajemen konflik dan kepemimpinan transformasional mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai adalah kepemimpinan transformasional, hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,845.
STRATEGI PROMOSI PERKREDITAN PADA PT BPR INTIDANA
Authors: Suparni Endang , Kurniawan Aris
Published: November 2020

Promosi merupakan salah satu strategi dalam bauran pemasaran dalam suatu perusahaan, dimana fungsinya untuk memperkenalkan dan mempromosikan produk atau jasa kepada calon nasabah atau konsumen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi promosi yang dilaksanakan oleh PT. BPR Intidana. Jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yaitu mengumpulkan dan mengolah data serta analisis mengenai strategi promosi yang dilakukan                 PT. BPR Intidana. Adapun teknik dalam pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan observasi, dengan mengajukan pertanyaan secara langsung, objek yang diteliti sesuai dengan penelitian. Sumber data berasal dari data sekunder yang berasal dari berbagai macam literatur, dokumen perusahaan dan sebagainya. Dalam mempromosikan produknya, PT.BPR Intidana menggunakan semua bauran promosi, yaitu: periklanan melalui media cetak, personal selling melalui tenaga pemasaran, promosi penjualan dengan pemberian hadiah, dan publisitas dengan menjadi sponsor dalam suatu kegiatan. Strategi promosi yang dilakukan PT. BPR Intidana diharapkan dapat meningkatnya jumlah nasabah yang diberikan fasilitas kredit tersebut dan juga memberikan citra yang positif  dimata masyarakat.
Web-based Tool for Automatic Assignment Evaluation
Authors: Gautam Dr. Rama , Bhatt Nikhil
Published: November 2020

The demands for teachers in most educational institutions are continually increasing. Teachers have to teach an increasing number of students every year while simultaneously providing meaningful and constructive feedback and correcting assignments in a minimal amount of time. Consequently, results and assessment of student’s progress can be considerably delayed. We need easy to use technology for grading and assessing test results and communicating information to students. Changes can be brought about to help teachers become more efficient and effective. This paper examines the role of technology and Web-based software in the classroom for evaluating a students’ assignment. The paper has used both primary and secondary sources of data.
Comparison of 3GPP LTE and 3GPP2 UMB
Authors: Juneja Swati , Juneja Abhinav , Juneja Mohit
Published: November 2020

In the last years, technology evolution in mobile communications is mainly motivated by three relevant agents: (1) the market globalization and liberalization and the increasing competence among vendors and operators coming from this new framework, (2) the popularization of IEEE 802 wireless technologies within the mobile communications sector and, finally, (3) the exponential increase in the demand for advanced telecommunication services. Concerning the last item, the envisaged applications to be supported by current and future cellular systems include Voice over IP (VoIP), videoconference, push-to-talk over cellular (PoC), multimedia messaging, multiplayer games, audio and video streaming, content download of ring tones, video clips, Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections, web browsing, email access, File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Thus, the race towards IMT-Advanced was officially started in March 2008, when a Circular Letter was distributed asking for the submission of new technology proposals. Previous to this official call, the 3rd Partnership Project (3GPP) established the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and the 3rd Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) established the Ultra Mobile Broadband. In this paper we have conducted a comparative study between UMB and 3GPP LTE by focusing on their first layers, i.e. Physical layer. The comparison specifically includes system architecture, radio aspects of the air interface such as radio access modes, multiple access technologies, multiple antenna technologies, modulation and mobility.
Kajian Analisis Wacana
Authors: Wendy Novrizal
Published: November 2020

This article titled "Muslims are not provoked" shows that Republika journalists interview those who do not support the burning of the Qur'an, they do not interview the pros at all with behavior that is initiated by the wishes of pastor Terrry Jones or even interviewing parties neutral one. Republika reporters wrote the opinions of Hasyim Muzadi and Amidhan at length and wrote the support of several groups without one interviewing parties outside the MUI. Despite the disapproval of the FPI, PGI, or KWI, Republika journalists were not written at all. So that readers do not know the reasons for their rejection. In the analysis of this article, Republika journalists seemed to want to show the influence of Islamic institutions such as the MUI and FPI which were considered to have a great influence in giving strong opinions about the burning of the Qur'an, so their opinions were expected to become a benchmark in taking the attitude and actions of the community in responding to the burning news of Al -Qur'an.
Generasi Rabbani
Authors: Hamzah Hamzah
Published: November 2020

Da'wah should see what is needed by Muslims. Da'wah in the midst of intellectual society in the sense that the level of human resources is quite high then the da'wah must be rational especially if the mad'unya stands on a completely secular understanding. Likewise, preaching in urban areas will be different from preaching in villages that happen to be grandparents and grandmothers with weak human resources, so preaching should not rely too much on logic and philosophy. In the midst of a fairly ordinary society would certainly be appropriate if the preaching in the form of interesting stories and do not require a lot of ratio in comprehending the contents of preaching. Until now the preaching media continues to experience development, in line with increasingly rapid technology, such as the rise of the internet, television, vcd, mp3, cellular, radio, magazines, and so on, which makes it easy to convey information in a short time and wide range, so effective and efficient. This is what is now used by many scholars to be used as media propaganda; by relying on the principles of effectiveness and efficiency, where in a missionary activity must try to balance the time and energy costs incurred with the achievement of the results, even if possible time costs and a little energy can obtain maximum results
Soret/Dufour Effects on Radiative Free Convection Flow and Mass Transfer over a Sphere with Velocity Slip and Thermal Jump
Authors: JAIN Shalini , BOHRA Shweta
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a steady free convective heat and mass transfer boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting viscous fluid from a sphere in a porous medium with thermal radiation is studied. Soret and Dufour effects, velocity slip, and thermal slip are considered at the boundary. The governing PDE is transformed into non-linear ODE using suitable similarity transformations and solved numerically using bvp4c solver of MATLAB. The effect of Schmidt number (Sc), concentration to thermal buoyancy ratio parameter (Nb), Dufour number (Du), Soret number (Sr), radiation parameter (N), permeability parameter (K), dimensionless velocity slip parameter (g), and dimensionless thermal jump parameter (j) on  velocity, temperature and concentration fields, skin friction, and heat and mass transfer rates are analyzed and presented through graphs and tables.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Other Phytochemical Properties of Thai Fruits, Vegetables and Some Local Food Plants
Authors: NANASOMBAT Suree , YANSODTHEE Kanokwan , JONGJAITED Ilada
Published: November 2020

Antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and prebiotic activities, total phenolics and flavonoids of 33 crude ethanolic extracts of Thai local fruits, vegetables and some local food plants were determined. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) fruit peel and Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) fruit extracts had highest antioxidant activity. Bamboo grass (Tiliacora triandra) leaf extract had strongest α-amylase inhibitory activity (78.28 % inhibition), while mulberry (Morus alba) fruit extract had strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (59.63 % inhibition). Star cactus (Aloe vera) leaf pulp extract had strongest anti-acetylcholinesteraseVactivity (31.55 % inhibition). Indian gooseberry fruit and mangosteen fruit peel extracts had highest content of total phenolics and flavonoids, respectively. The extract with highest indigestible polysaccharide content was the extract of mangosteen fruit peels (188.62 mg/g extract), while those with relatively high indigestible polysaccharides were the extracts of pineapple fruits (Ananas comosus), lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera), black rice grains (Oryza sativa) and pisang mas banana fruits (Musa sapientum). Based on these properties, 5 plant extracts were selected to study for their prebiotic effect on growth and fermentation of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in yogurt at 42 °C. Addition of lotus seed extract resulted in highest proliferation of these bacteria with 2.24 logCFU/g increase of total lactic acid bacterial counts in yogurt after 24 h fermentation, while addition of black rice grain, pisang mas banana fruit and pineapple fruit extracts caused good growth of these bacteria with 2.12 - 2.19 logCFU/g increase of total counts.
Practice Guideline Development for Referral Patients with Acute Stroke at Primary Level Hospital
Authors: SUKWATJANEE Arissara
Published: November 2020

This action research aimed to develop a practice guideline for referral patients with acute stroke at a primary level hospital. Seventy two participants were healthcare providers working at an emergency room of the hospital. The participants were divided into 2 teams of developing and trying out the guideline by using the conduct and utilization of research in nursing model (CURN) as a conceptual framework. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the participants’ demographic characteristics including feasibility and possibility of using the guideline among the participants. Problems and obstacles of using the guideline were analyzed via content analysis. After 12 months of developing and trying out the guideline with acute stroke patients at an emergency room, the result revealed that time spent for referral of the patients was approximately 45 min reaching the standard of the American Heart Association. The recommendation was that this effective practical guideline could benefit referral patients with acute stroke at a primary level hospital.
Effective Antioxidant Activities of Anthocyanins as Affected by pH of Antioxidant Assays
Authors: NGAMDEE Paradorn , JIAMYANGYUEN Sudarat
Published: November 2020

This study analyzed the effect of pH on antioxidant activities of anthocyanins. Five black glutinous rice bran crude extracts (BBCs) with different anthocyanin content were compared. They were referred to as Moo Ser (MS), Saked (SK), Phayao (PY), Phichit (PC) and Kao Kor (KK). The antioxidant activities were evaluated using 2 in vitro antioxidant assays conducted at different pH, DPPH (pH 5.5) and FRAP (pH 3.6). Total anthocyanin content (TAC) of KK (23 g/kg) was the highest, followed by PC (13 g/kg), PY and SK (both 11 g/kg), and MS (10 g/kg). The pH of the assays affected the activity of the anthocyanins as the KK showed DPPH scavenging activity comparable to other BBCs but exhibited significantly greater FRAP antioxidant activity. To eliminate possible interference by other active components in the BBC, anthocyanin-rich isolate (ARI) was then isolated from KK. The ARI contained 90 % cyanidin-3-glucoside as analyzed by HPLC. The ARI was dissolved in 5 different buffer solutions (pH 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9) and incubated for 1 h, 3 days, and 1 week before the evaluation of antioxidant activities. All ARI-containing buffer solutions exhibited comparable DPPH scavenging activity. However, the ones at pH 5 and 7 solutions were less reactive than others when tested with the FRAP assay. These results indicated that anthocyanin is a good antioxidant not only in an acidic environment but also in higher pH ranges. This suggests that the utilization of anthocyanins as natural antioxidants in products such as food and cosmetics is not limited by the pH of the products.
Possibilities of Inadequate Physical Load Reduction by Ergonomic Rationalization of Working Environment
Authors: DUPLÁKOVÁ Darina , HATALA Michal , KNAPČÍKOVÁ Lucia , RADCHENKO Svetlana , DUPLÁK Ján
Published: November 2020

‘Human’ is the most important element in the working system: human - machine - environment. It is necessary to ensure the good health condition of workers for continuous production processes. This article is focused on the possibilities of inadequate physical load reduction by partial ergonomic rationalization of working environment - warehouse of building materials. This problem is analysed by using the Key Indicator Method (KIM). This method immediately determines the affecting physical load. Constituent optimization models of the working environment are suggested for reduction by software. The presented method of inadequate physical load reduction is applicable not only in the construction industry but also in engineering.
Current-Voltage Characteristics of the Plasma Focus: A Deeper Look
Authors: SAW Sor Heoh , LEE Sing
Published: November 2020

A capacitor bank discharges a current which is a sinusoidal function, lightly damped by unavoidable circuit resistance. When powering a plasma focus, the current waveform is further damped by the axial motion typically during the rising part of the current. The radial phase, with severe rate of change of inductance due to a rapidly collapsing current sheet to a small radius, is so severely damped over a short period near the current peak that the waveform goes into the sharp dip. This produces the well-known signature current dip of the properly-operated plasma focus. Corresponding to the inductively-caused current dip is a sharp voltage spike which typically rises to a peak value in excess of the voltage to which the capacitor is charged. These features are adequately described by circuit equations coupled to appropriate equations of motion. The loading effect of different gases due to differences in mass, differences in compressibility and differences in radiation also produces differences in the current waveforms particularly in the current dips and voltage spikes. These differences could be subtle or dramatic, as are demonstrated in this paper.
Productions and Functional Properties of Palm Sugars
Authors: SRIKAEO Khongsak , SANGKHIAW Janya , LIKITTRAKULWONG Wirot
Published: November 2020

Sugar profile, antioxidant properties, DNA damages, and in vitro predicted glycaemic index (pGI) of palm sugars (syrup and powder) were investigated in comparison with refined cane sugar. It was found that palm sugars exhibited better nutritional qualities than refined cane sugars. Palm sugars in both syrup and powder forms showed similar results, except in some properties. They contained a high content of fructose and glucose. They also exhibited better antioxidant properties, as evidenced by the high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. This contributed to their great antioxidant activities when assessed by DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP assay. The addition of palm sugar extracts to the reaction mixture effectively protected against DNA damage. For pGI, the mixture of corn starch and palm sugars showed slow digestion rate and, consequently, lower pGI values than those of refined cane sugars. Nutritional and functional properties of palm sugars were thought to be influenced by their retained phytonutrients, as they were processed under mild conditions.
A Study on the Surface Hardness Obtained by Nitriding with a Plasma Focus Machine
Authors: TEH Thiam Oun , SINGH Arwinder , ALI Jalil , NG Chee An , NG Xue Yinn , WONG Jun Wen , SAW Sor Heoh , LEE Sing
Published: November 2020

A dense plasma focus (DPF) machine, being a source of a powerful ion beam, can be useful in the modification of the surface properties of materials. Experimental investigations were carried out with a 3.3 kJ Mather-type DPF operating in nitrogen at a low chamber pressure with low carbon steel as the target material. It was found that the DPF ion beam implanted nitrogen onto the steel surface thereby causing a marked increase in surface hardness. The variation of pressure and target distances appear to affect the outcome of this nitriding technique with optimum hardness reached at the pressure setting of 1 Torr and at a target distance of 40 mm from the anode.
Development of Dried Chili Paste with Added Indigenous Herbs from Conserved Area of Plant Genetic Conservation at Kanchanaburi Province
Authors: CHAMCHAN Rungrat , CHAROENKIATKUL Somsri , THIYAJAI Parunya , SUWANWATTANA Worarat , SUTTISANSANEE Uthaiwan , SRICHAMNONG Warangkana , ON-NOM Nattira
Published: November 2020

The objectives of this research were to serve Plant Genetic Conservation Project under the Royal Initiative of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (RSPG) and to promote the use of indigenous plants growing in Kanchanaburi province to be used in the production of healthy food. The main research activity of this study was to develop dried chili paste made with grilled fish by adding local herbs which are Wan-Prao-Hom (Kaempferia roscoeana Wall.), Kra-Chai-Pran (Zingiber citriodorum J. Mood & T. Theleide), Ka-Pa (Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe.) and Plai (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.). These plants were all identified as indigenous plants. The sensory evaluations were conducted with a 5-point hedonic scale and within the recommended guidelines. The total phenolic compounds were determined and the antioxidant activities of the product were also analyzed via DPPH and ORAC assays. The sensory evaluation score showed that dried chili paste containing 3.7 % chili obtained higher overall liking score than product containing 5.4 % chili. The water activity of product was 0.34 which was in line with the standard protocol of the Thai community. For nutritional values, it presented that one serving size (12 g) of product provided 23 kcal of energy, 4.95 g of protein, 0.48 g of fat, 1.35 g of fiber and 403 mg of sodium. Moreover, the dried chili paste with added indigenous herbs from RSPG at Kanchanaburi had higher total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities than the herbals chili powder with grinded spices product. According to consumer acceptability test, the acceptability level was 92 %, while 88 % said that they would like to buy the product. Therefore, this research can serve as a prototype to develop other local foods having suitable tastes and health-enhancing benefits. Finally, the research may help to create job opportunities and generate the income for people living in the community.
On Berkeley’s solution to the Barrovian case
Authors: Cardona Carlos Alberto , Gutiérrez Juliana
Published: November 2020

At the beginning of the 18th century, Berkeley believed an anomaly pointed outby Isaac Barrow could be regarded as important evidence against the optical theories thathad been established and standardized thanks to the works of Kepler and Newton. In thisarticle, we want to show that Berkeley’s treatment of the Barrovian Case does not falsifythese theories. We will contend that the strategy used by Berkeley to resolve the anomaly byalluding to a change of convention is a strategy that the classical theorist could use as well.In other words, the classical theorist could also appeal to a change of convention to deal withthe problem.
Examining the Status of Middle School Agricultural Education Programs in the United States
Authors: Jones Shelby , Doss William , Rayfield John
Published: November 2020

Middle school is an important time in the development of agricultural education students and plays an important role in increasing agricultural literacy in our society. The theoretical framework of this study was based upon Piaget’s cognitive development theory and the importance of introducing agricultural topics to students at the appropriate age to facilitate continued growth and development in the subject. The purpose of this study was to examine the status of middle school agricultural education programs in the United States and describe any changes in the past 25 years. Findings from this study revealed an increase in middle school agricultural education enrollment and FFA membership and state FFA leaders viewed middle school agricultural education as a positive aspect in agricultural education leading to possible increases in high school agricultural education enrollment. Further research concerning appropriate length of middle school agricultural programs and middle school supervised agricultural experiences should be conducted. Recommendations for practice include developing standards for middle school agriculture courses and adding state funding for additional middle school programs across the nation.
Measuring Agricultural Literacy: Grade 3-5 Instrument Development and Validation
Authors: Longhurst Max L. , Judd-Murray Rose , Coster Daniel C. , Spielmaker Debra M.
Published: November 2020

Modern societal functions for meeting basic needs contribute to the lack of understanding many Americans have about agriculture’s connection to human health and environmental quality. Consequently, this limited understanding has produced a need to measure agricultural literacy to develop programming or enhance existing agricultural educational efforts. Research literature has identified the need for agricultural literacy instruments to be developed that measure current understandings. The National Agricultural Literacy Outcomes (NALOs) served as the conceptual framework for the development of an agricultural literacy criterion referenced progressive measurement tool for grades 3-5. A theoretical framework using assessment models was used to develop items to measure agricultural literacy in three proficiency stages: exposure, factual literacy, and applicable proficiency. A modified Delphi method was used to create the Longhurst Murray Agricultural Literacy Instrument (LMALI) with the intent of assessing elementary student understanding of the NALOs. Items were tested with students from regional representative states using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and discriminant analysis in the investigation. The development process resulted in a validated 15-item instrument for grades 3-5. Overall, the instrument provides a way for educators and stakeholders to measure agricultural literacy based on proficiency stages within the five NALO themes.
A National Examination of the Predictors of Volunteer Utilization in School-Based Agricultural Education
Authors: Sherman Ashley , Sorensen Tyson J.
Published: November 2020

Despite the potential benefits of utilizing volunteers in SBAE programs, volunteer utilization among SBAE teachers has received little attention in the literature in recent years, especially on a national level. A national random sample of SBAE teachers were surveyed to determine current behaviors and perceptions as well as predictors of volunteer utilization. The average SBAE program receives 56 hours of volunteer support and 38 volunteers in a single year across the country. While former students make up the majority of volunteers, parents of current students contribute the most hours to SBAE programs. Volunteers are used most often on advisory committees and for CDE training. School district policies such as background checks and paperwork was the biggest challenge to utilizing volunteers. Gender, community type, number of SBAE teachers in the program, and number of years teaching in the community accounted for 20% of the variance in total volunteer utilization and 13% in total volunteer hours. Years teaching in the community and number of teachers in the SBAE program were significant predictors of both total volunteer hours and total number of volunteers. The findings have implications for developing and maintaining volunteer programs in SBAE. It is recommended that more research be conducted to determine how volunteer utilization can reduce stress and workload challenges among SBAE teachers. Further recommendations and implications are discussed in the paper.
Effectiveness of Utilizing an Evidence Based Safety Curriculum to Increase Student Knowledge
Authors: Perry Dustin K. , Smalley Scott W.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of utilizing an evidence based, “Train the Trainer” approach to increase the safety knowledge and awareness of secondary students. Participating teachers attended a 10-hour, inquiry-based summer training workshop utilizing National Safe Tractor and Machinery Operations Program (NSTMOP) materials focusing on roll-over protection structures, mini-tilt table construction, and on-farm tractor risk assessments. Teachers incorporated workshop lessons into existing curricula. Students completed pretests prior to instruction and posttests after instructional units were delivered. A total of 118 students provided completed preand posttests, with most students identifying as male and more than half enrolled in ninth grade. Wilcoxon Sign-Rank test showed students’ posttests were statistically significantly (Z =-5.22, p < .001) higher than pre-tests. Student performance in this study suggests the Fair Labor Standards Act exemption provided for youth between the ages of 14 and 15 years old who have completed specific safety training needs to be revisited. Additionally, increasing the age restriction for hazardous occupations in agriculture would be consistent with other industries. In order for students to learn agricultural safety in the classroom setting, teachers participating in this study may consider preparation and continuing education programs that incorporate more production-based experiences focused on safety.
Content Topic Development for Elementary Agricultural Education Curriculum
Authors: Peake Jason , Rubenstein Eric , Byrd Benjamin
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this Delphi study was to determine perceptions of 16 stakeholders regarding what topics should be included in new elementary agricultural education curriculum for the state of Georgia. Participants consisted of elementary principals/teachers/counselors, middle school teachers, Ag in the classroom representatives, Agricultural Education State Staff, curriculum specialists, early childhood teachers, and commodity group representatives. This Delphi study resulted in 52 topics that were agreed upon by the participants; 10 topics received a 4.50 – 5.00, 16 items received a 4.25 – 4.49, 13 items received a 4.00 – 4.24, 11 items received a 3.75 – 3.99, 2 items received a 3.50 – 3.7. Participants identified the following five knowledge/skills/competencies as the most important: 1. Define agriculture and local community agriculture, 2. Agriculture industry other than farming, 3. Farm products/ag products/locally grown, 4. Careers in agriculture, 5. Resource management. These 52 knowledge/skills/competencies serve as a practical starting point for elementary agricultural education standards development. Additional research is needed to refine each knowledge/skills/competencies. The results of this study have been used to create the first set of elementary agricultural education standards for Georgia that were implemented in the Fall of 2019 by 26 pilot elementary agricultural education programs.
Reflections on Reform: A Historical Narrative of the Relocation of the Louisiana FFA Office
Authors: LeJeune Cade A. , Roberts Richie
Published: November 2020

Formal agricultural education first appeared in Louisiana in 1909 under the supervision of the Louisiana Department of Education (LDOE). The LDOE and Louisiana State University (LSU) jointly employed the first state director of agricultural education. Then, by the late 20thCentury, the evolving philosophy of vocational education and state budget cuts led to the end of career and technical student organization supervision within the LDOE. Needing a new home, Louisiana’s agricultural education leaders employed their personal and political influence to secure office space at the LSU AgCenter. This move came with challenges and struggles as the nature of FFA supervision and the relationship between agriscience teachers, the LDOE, and the LSU AgCenter evolved into its current arrangement. Louisiana is now one of 16 states and territories to have no LDOE employees directly supervising the FFA or agricultural education programs. The experiences of those involved in this historical narrative and the lessons learned provide valuable knowledge for current and future state agricultural education leadership in adapting to political and cultural changes that influence career and technical education.
“Je denkt altijd dat het jou niet zal overkomen…”
Authors: De Wilde Lieselot
Published: November 2020

“You always think it won’t happen to you…” The importance of biological parents in foster care

European societies still struggle with the question of how to deal best with, and organise care for, those children who for various reasons need to be placed out of their home. Foster care is currently preferred over institutional care when children are in the care of the state. This evolution towards a manifest choice for foster care is defended as being more in ‘the best interests of the child’. During the last decades a shift towards a child’s perspective away from a family-preservation perspective is noticeable. However, we do not know what this shift means for biological parents of foster children. We therefore examine whether the attention to the needs of children is at the expense of the rights and identity of the biological parents. Does strengthening the rights of one party entail a curtailment of rights for another party? Or can we possibly reconcile various interests?
De betrouwbaarheid van verklaringen van kinderen
Authors: Otgaar Henry , de Ruiter Corine
Published: November 2020

The reliability of children’s testimonies

Children’s testimonies about abusive experiences can play a pivotal role in the criminal justice system. This is especially the case when other types of evidence (such as videos, technical traces) are absent. In such cases, it is imperative that children’s testimonies accurately reflect what they have experienced. In the current article, the reliability of children’s statements is discussed. We discuss what children can remember of traumatic incidents and elaborate on how children’s false memories can be relatively easily evoked. Furthermore, we discuss how children can best be interviewed using scientifically supported interview protocols. Children’s testimonies can be decisive in legal decision-making. Hence, it is of the utmost importance that these statements are reliable.
Tropospheric aerosol hygroscopicity in China
Authors: Peng Chao , Wang Yu , Wu Zhijun , Chen Lanxiadi , Huang Ru-Jin , Wang Weigang , Wang Zhe , Hu Weiwei , Zhang Guohua , Ge Maofa , Hu Min , Wang Xinming , Tang Mingjin
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Hygroscopicity largely determines phase state, chemical reactivity, optical
properties, and cloud nucleation activities of aerosol particles, thus
significantly affecting their impacts on visibility, atmospheric chemistry,
and climate. In the last 20 years, a large number of field studies have
investigated the hygroscopicity of tropospheric aerosols in China under subsaturated and
supersaturated conditions. Aerosol hygroscopicity measurements in China are
reviewed in this paper: (1) a comprehensive summary and critical discussion
of aerosol hygroscopicity measurements in China are provided; (2) available
measurement data are compiled and presented under a consistent framework to
enhance their accessibility and usability; and (3) current knowledge gaps are
identified, and an outlook which could serve as guidelines for planning
future research is also proposed.
Stable isotopes track the ecological and biogeochemical legacy of mass mangrove forest dieback in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia
Authors: Harada Yota , Connolly Rod M. , Fry Brian , Maher Damien T. , Sippo James Z. , Jeffrey Luke C. , Bourke Adam J. , Lee Shing Yip
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A combination of elemental analysis, bulk stable isotope
analysis (bulk SIA) and compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino
acids (CSIA-AA) was used to assess and monitor carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and
sulfur (S) cycling of a mangrove ecosystem that suffered mass dieback of
trees in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia in 2015–2016, attributed to an
extreme drought event. Three field campaigns were conducted 8, 20 and 32 months after the event over a period
from 2016 to 2018 to obtain
biological time-series data. Invertebrates and associated organic matter
including mangroves and sediments from the impacted ecosystem showed
enrichment in 13C, 15N and 34S relative to those from an
adjacent unimpacted reference ecosystem, likely indicating lower mangrove
carbon fixation, lower nitrogen fixation and lower sulfate reduction in the
impacted ecosystem. For example, invertebrates representing the feeding
types of grazing, leaf feeding and algae feeding were more 13C
enriched at the impacted site, by 1.7 ‰–4.1 ‰, and these
differences did not change over the period from 2016 to 2018. The CSIA-AA
data indicated widespread 13C enrichment across five essential amino
acids and all groups sampled (except filter feeders) within the impacted
site. The seedling density increased from 0.2 m−2 in
2016 to 7.1 m−2 in 2018 in the impacted forest, suggesting recovery of the
vegetation. Recovery of CNS cycling, however, was not evident even after
32 months, suggesting a biogeochemical legacy of the mortality event.
Continued
monitoring of the post-dieback forest is required to predict the long-term
trajectory of ecosystem recovery. This study shows that time-series SIA can
track biogeochemical changes over time and evaluate recovery of an impacted
ecosystem from an extreme event.
AUSTRALIA-JAPAN QZSS EMERGENCY WARNING SERVICE TRIAL PROJECT
Authors: Choy S. , Bai Y. B. , Zlatanova S. , Diakite A. , Rubinov E. , Marshall C. , Knight P. , Riddell A. , Rooke V. , Woolf M. , Kishi N. , Kogure S.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This paper provides an overview and the results of the Australia-Japan 2020 Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) Emergency Warning System trial project. The project aimed to evaluate and demonstrate the feasibility of utilising the QZSS system to support emergency warning and response in Australia. The trial has focussed on bushfire and tsunami warnings with an emphasis on the message structure and standards for incorporation on the available signal bandwidth, and the spatial coverage extent of the messages. It also aimed to address the need for a space-based communication capability in Australia, which could potentially facilitate effective emergency warning system unconstrained by the limitations of terrestrial telecommunications.A newly dedicated MobileApp was developed to decode the warning message and visualise relevant information on a map. Two messages for bushfire and tsunami warnings were generated in Australia and sent to the QZSS ground station for satellite transmission. The developed application was tested in Victoria and New South Wales. The trial was successful in the sense that the emergency warning message could be received and decoded using the QZSS enabled receivers and the dedicated MobileApp. The field tests showed that the systems are capable of delivering the required information to users with the required timeliness and completeness. Several technical issues encountered during testing can be primarily attributed to the alpha state of the app, and the specific receiver used for testing. Neither of which are considered to be significant barriers to the on-going development of an operational satellite EWS system.
USING 3D WEBGIS TO SUPPORT THE DISASTER SIMULATION, MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS – EXAMPLES OF TSUNAMI AND FLOOD
Authors: Hong J-H. , Tsai C-Y.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In recent year, 3D geographic information system (GIS) has been receiving great attention from a variety of domains, but many 3D GIS applications are nevertheless restricted to visualization purposes only. One major reason for such limitation is the lack of formalized and comprehensive mechanism for the management and analysis of feature-based 3D geographic data. From a 3D GIS perspective, this study proposes a web-based system facilitating the simulation, analysis and visualization of disaster caused by tsunami and floods because these two types of hazard are highly related to the height and depth aspects. The core of the proposed system is the hierarchical 3D building framework capable of modelling different levels of building units and linking domain data via standardized identifiers in an integrated fashion. The system is designed as a decision support system that allows users to import real or simulated disaster scenarios and automatically response with the visualized damage assessment information. The 3D illustration not only provides a direct and intuitive interface for decision makers to visually inspect the outcomes at different levels of granularity, the symbology of 3D buildings can be also flexibly customized to highlight the impacts according to the perspective of the chosen applications. Quantitative vulnerability indexes are dynamically updated according to the timeline of the imported disasters to aid the decision of emergency response actions. The evacuation plan also can additionally consider the 3D aspects, such that citizens will be provided with information about nearby safe places (e.g., tall buildings or high hills) to reduce the loss of lives.
ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF SENTINEL 2A AND LANDSAT 8 OLI+ SATELLITE DATASETS OVER KANO STATE (NIGERIA) USING VEGETATION SPECTRAL INDICES
Authors: Isioye O. A. , Akomolafe E. A. , Ikwueze U. H.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This study explores the capabilities of Sentinel-2 over Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imageries for vegetation monitoring in the vegetated region of Minjibir LGA in Kano State. Accurate vegetation mapping is essential for monitoring crop and sustainable agricultural practice. Vegetation indices, comprising the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Chlorophyll Index (GCI), Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Moisture Stress Index (MSI) were determined for each year. The findings showed an increase in Sentinel 2A value of the vegetation indices with respect to Landsat 8 throughout the time of the study (2015–2019). The best average performance over the supervised classification was obtained using Sentinel-2A bands, which are dependent on the training sample and resolution. While the spectral consistency of the data was inferred by cross-calibration analysis using regression analysis. The spatial consistency was assessed by descriptive statistical analysis of examined variables. Regarding the spatial consistency, the mean and standard deviation values of all variables were steady for all seasons excluding for the mean value of the LAI and MSI. Based on this finding, it is recommended that Sentinel-2A data could be used as a complementary data source with Landsat 8 OLI in vegetation assessment.
Sharp contrasts in observed and modeled crevasse patterns at Greenland's marine terminating glaciers
Authors: Enderlin Ellyn M. , Bartholomaus Timothy C.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Crevasses are affected by and affect both the stresses and the surface
mass balance of glaciers. These effects are brought on through potentially
important controls on meltwater routing, glacier viscosity, and iceberg
calving, yet there are few direct observations of crevasse sizes and
locations to inform our understanding of these interactions. Here we extract
depth estimates for the visible portion of crevasses from high-resolution
surface elevation observations for 52 644 crevasses from 19 Greenland
glaciers. We then compare our observed depths with those calculated using
two popular models that assume crevasse depths are functions of local
stresses: the Nye and linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) formulations.
When informed by the observed crevasse depths, the LEFM formulation produces
kilometer-scale variations in crevasse depth, in decent agreement with
observations. However, neither formulation accurately captures smaller-scale
variations in the observed crevasse depths. Critically, we find that
along-flow patterns in crevasse depths are unrelated to along-flow patterns
in strain rates (and therefore stresses). Cumulative strain rate is
moderately more predictive of crevasse depths at the majority of glaciers.
Our reliance on lidar limits the inference we can make regarding fracture depths. However, given the discordant patterns in observed and modeled crevasses, we recommend additional in situ and remote sensing analyses before Nye and LEFM models are considered predictive. Such analyses should span extensional and compressive regions to better understand the influence of advection on crevasse geometry. Ultimately, such additional study will enable more reliable projection of terminus position change and supraglacial meltwater routing that relies on accurate modeling of crevasse occurrence.
La antropología de Boecio en el De Institutione Musica y el Contra Eutychen
Authors: Correia Manuel Antonio
Published: November 2020

El De Institutione Musica, uno de los primeros tratados científicos de Boecio, expone la relación entre el hombre y la música basada en la armonía musical del cuerpo y el alma, donde Platón y Aristóteles aparecen confirmando a Pitágoras, quien sería el creador de esta antropología. En nuestro análisis, la enseñanza de Boecio proviene del neo-pitagorismo de Nicómaco de Gerasa y es incompatible no sólo con las doctrinas correspondientes de Platón y Aristóteles, a quien Boecio dice honrar con la traducción de sus obras, sino con otros tratados, especialmente el Contra Eutychen que se analiza aquí, por tener un fuerte componente antropológico. La pregunta que nos hacemos es si Boecio era consciente de la incoherencia doctrinal de sus fuentes. Nuestra respuesta es que él no fue inconsciente ni un traductor servil de sus fuentes, sino que él se identifica con las enseñanzas de Nicómaco sólo en la etapa inicial de su desarrollo, y esta doctrina no está integrada con el resto de sus trabajos científicos y teológicos.
Los cuatro niveles de hermenéutica en la fenomenología de J.-L. Marion
Authors: Roggero Jorge Luis
Published: November 2020

Este artículo busca demostrar que, a partir de los lineamientos presentes en el capítulo II del reciente Reprise du donné es posible proponer cuatro niveles de hermenéutica que nos permiten resolver algunos de los problemas de la fenomenología marioniana lúcidamente planteados por Christina Gschwandtner.
Democracia y justicia procedimental
Authors: Otero Angelini Diego Alejandro
Published: November 2020

En este artículo analizo el concepto de la democracia como un sistema de justicia procedimental en contraste con la democracia como mecanismo de toma de decisión y ejercicio del poder político de Schumpeter. La idea de la democracia como un sistema de justicia procedimental que expongo está vinculada al pensamiento de John Rawls. Al final del artículo muestro cómo esta conceptualización, en el contexto de las sociedades plurales, garantiza en mejor medida las libertades y la igualdad generando condiciones de estabilidad institucional.