bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glutathione-Mediated Cu(I)/Cu(II) Complexes: Valence-Dependent Effects on Clearance and In Vivo Imaging Application
Authors: Yin Su-Na , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhou Chen , Yang Shengyang
Published: June 2017

Contrast imaging agents need to be cleared in a reasonable time (less than 72 h), so it is quite urgent to understand the structure, biocompatibility, and metabolism features of imaging agents. In this work, luminescent Cu(I)-GSH complex and their derivative oxidized Cu(II)-GSSG complex have been easily synthesized. Through systematically probing the renal clearance and biodistribution of the as-prepared copper complexes, we found that Cu(I)-GSH complex revealed much more efficient renal clearance and remarkably lower liver accumulation than that of their oxidation states, which could be due to strong protein binding of partial forms of Cu(II)-GSSG complex. Besides, we also attempted to incorporate radioactive copper-64 into Cu(I)-GSH complex for the synthesis of radioactive contrast agent. Indeed, the as-prepared radioactive Cu(I)-GSH complex also showed consistent high efficiency renal excretion, allowing them to be potential PET imaging agents in clinical translation.
Advances in Drug Discovery of New Antitubercular Multidrug-Resistant Compounds
Authors: Fernandes Guilherme , Man Chin Chung , Dos Santos Jean
Published: June 2017

Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused mainly by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is according to the World Health Organization (WHO) the infectious disease responsible for the highest number of deaths worldwide. The increased number of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) strains, and the ineffectiveness of the current treatment against latent tuberculosis are challenges to be overcome in the coming years. The scenario of drug discovery becomes alarming when it is considered that the number of new drugs does not increase proportionally to the emergence of drug resistance. In this review, we will demonstrate the current advances in antitubercular drug discovery, focusing on the research of compounds with potent antituberculosis activity against MDR-TB strains. Herein, active compounds against MDR-TB with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) less than 11 µM and low toxicity published in the last 4 years in the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus will be presented and discussed.
A Trust Framework for Online Research Data Services
Authors: Wolski Malcolm , Howard Louise , Richardson Joanna
Published: June 2017

There is worldwide interest in the potential of open science to increase the quality, impact, and benefits of science and research. More recently, attention has been focused on aspects such as transparency, quality, and provenance, particularly in regard to data. For industry, citizens, and other researchers to participate in the open science agenda, further work needs to be undertaken to establish trust in research environments. Based on a critical review of the literature, this paper examines the issue of trust in an open science environment, using virtual laboratories as the focus for discussion. A trust framework, which has been developed from an end-user perspective, is proposed as a model for addressing relevant issues within online research data services and tools.
Classification of K-Pop Dance Movements Based on Skeleton Information Obtained by a Kinect Sensor
Authors: Kim Dohyung , Kim Dong-Hyeon , Kwak Keun-Chang
Published: June 2017

This paper suggests a method of classifying Korean pop (K-pop) dances based on human skeletal motion data obtained from a Kinect sensor in a motion-capture studio environment. In order to accomplish this, we construct a K-pop dance database with a total of 800 dance-movement data points including 200 dance types produced by four professional dancers, from skeletal joint data obtained by a Kinect sensor. Our classification of movements consists of three main steps. First, we obtain six core angles representing important motion features from 25 markers in each frame. These angles are concatenated with feature vectors for all of the frames of each point dance. Then, a dimensionality reduction is performed with a combination of principal component analysis and Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis, which is called fisherdance. Finally, we design an efficient Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU)-based Extreme Learning Machine Classifier (ELMC) with an input layer composed of these feature vectors transformed by fisherdance. In contrast to conventional neural networks, the presented classifier achieves a rapid processing time without implementing weight learning. The results of experiments conducted on the constructed K-pop dance database reveal that the proposed method demonstrates a better classification performance than those of conventional methods such as KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor), SVM (Support Vector Machine), and ELM alone.
Sustainable Optimization of Manufacturing Process Effectiveness in Furniture Production
Authors: Sujova Andrea , Marcinekova Katarina , Hittmar Stefan
Published: June 2017

Sustainable manufacturing is connected with the effectiveness of production processes. There are several solutions to improve manufacturing sustainability. This paper deals with the possibilities of the utilization of mathematical methods to solve optimization problems in the production process of furniture. The aim of the paper is to create a mathematical model of the key processes in order to maximize productivity and cost reduction by identifying key processes and parameters influencing manufacturing effectiveness. After identification of the parameters describing the key process (milling), an abstract model of the manufacturing process was created. Identified input parameters were the cutting velocity, feed rate, and a total volume of removed material. The output parameters were surface roughness, process duration, and process cost. The experimentally measured and calculated values of the output parameters were analyzed by a multiple regression tool. The method of an artificial neural network was used as a numeric method for optimization. The results showed that the maximal effectiveness of the sub-process can be achieved if the CNC machine is set at the cutting velocity of 4398.23 m·min−1 and feed rate of 11.00 m·min−1. Maximal values of the created neural network showed optimal values of input and output parameters.
Mainstreaming Ecosystem Services Based Climate Change Adaptation (EbA) in Bangladesh: Status, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Huq Nazmul , Bruns Antje , Ribbe Lars , Huq Saleemul
Published: June 2017

The paper aims to analyze the extent of Ecosystem Service (ESS) based Adaptation (EbA) to climate change in the policy-making process of Bangladesh. The paper is based on a three stage hybrid policy-making cycle: (i) agenda setting; (ii) policy formulation; and (iii) policy implementation stage, where the contributions of EbA can horizontally (on the ground) or vertically (strategic stage) be mainstreamed and integrated. A total of nine national and sectoral development and climate change policies, and 329 climate change adaptation projects are examined belonging to different policy-making stages. The major findings include that the role of ESS is marginally considered as an adaptation component in most of the reviewed policies, especially at the top strategic level (vertical mainstreaming). However, at the policy formulation and implementation stage (horizontal mainstreaming), they are largely ignored and priority is given to structural adaptation policies and projects, e.g., large scale concrete dams and embankments. For example, ESS’s roles to adapt sectors such as urban planning, biodiversity management and disaster risk reduction are left unchecked, and the implementation stage receives overwhelming priorities and investments to undertake hard adaptation measures such that only 38 projects are related to EbA. The paper argues that: (i) dominant structural adaptation ideologies; (ii) the expert and bureaucracy dependent policy making process; and (iii) the lack of adaptive and integration capacities at institutional level are considerably offsetting the EbA mainstreaming process that need to be adequately addressed for climate change adaptation.
Real-Time Expression Analysis of Selected Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus Gene Promoters during Infection of Permissive, Semipermissive and Nonpermissive Cell Lines
Authors: Morgado Fabricio , Ardisson-Araújo Daniel , Ribeiro Bergmann
Published: June 2017

Baculovirus infection follows a transcriptionally controlled sequence of gene expression that occurs by activation of different viral gene promoter sequences during infection. This sequence of promoter activation may be disrupted by cellular defenses against viral infection, which might interfere with viral progeny formation. In this work, the activity of the ie1, gp64, lef-1, vp39, p6.9 and polh promoters of the Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus was assessed during infection of permissive, semipermissive and nonpermissive cell lines by a novel methodology that detects reporter protein luminescence in real-time. This technique allowed us to characterize in rich detail the AgMNPV promoters in permissive cell lines and revealed differential profiles of expression in cells with limited permissivity that correlate well with limitations in viral DNA replication. Semipermissive and nonpermissive cell lines presented delays and restrictions in late and very late promoter expression. Cells undergoing apoptosis did not inhibit late gene expression; however, viral progeny formation is severely affected. This work demonstrates the application of the real-time luminescence detection methodology and how the promoter expression profile may be used to diagnose cellular permissivity to baculovirus infection.
Redistribution of Endosomal Membranes to the African Swine Fever Virus Replication Site
Authors: Cuesta-Geijo Miguel , Barrado-Gil Lucía , Galindo Inmaculada , Muñoz-Moreno Raquel , Alonso Covadonga
Published: June 2017

African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection causes endosomal reorganization. Here, we show that the virus causes endosomal congregation close to the nucleus as the infection progresses, which is necessary to build a compact viral replication organelle. ASFV enters the cell by the endosomal pathway and reaches multivesicular late endosomes. Upon uncoating and fusion, the virus should exit to the cytosol to start replication. ASFV remodels endosomal traffic and redistributes endosomal membranes to the viral replication site. Virus replication also depends on endosomal membrane phosphoinositides (PtdIns) synthesized by PIKfyve. Endosomes could act as platforms providing membranes and PtdIns, necessary for ASFV replication. Our study has revealed that ASFV reorganizes endosome dynamics, in order to ensure a productive infection.
The Belgian Brand: Ernest Gambart and the British Market for Modern Belgian Art, c. 1850-1870
Authors: Baetens Jan Dirk
Published: June 2017

Jan Dirk baetenS, Gemaakt in België. Ernest Gambart en de Britse markt voor moderne Belgische kunst, ca. 1850-1870

Deze bijdrage bestudeert de impact van de kunsthandelaar Ernest Gambart en zijn kring op de commerciële en artistieke wisselwerking tussen de Belgische en Britse kunstscènes rond het midden van de negentiende eeuw. Als de toonaangevende handelaar in moderne kunst in Londen, kocht en importeerde Gambart werk van veel van de belangrijkste Belgische kunstenaars van zijn tijd en creëerde hij een markt voor deze kunstenaars in Groot-Brittannië, waar de interesse in Belgische kunst parallel met zijn activiteiten hand over hand toenam. Dit artikel onderzoekt de effecten van de handel van Gambart en zijn kring en bestudeert hoe in de eerste plaats commerciële operaties ook een artistieke dialoog tussen België en Groot-Brittannië stimuleerden.
Life perspectives of adolescents in the puerperium
Authors: Oliveira Danielle Martins do Nascimento , Alves Kallyndicer Aparecida , Gomes Gabriela Lisieux Lima , Ferreira Josefa Danielma Lopes , Bezerra Eva Porto , Chianca Kirlene Scheyla Viana , Ramalho Flávio William Brito de Azevedo , Lima Carla Lidiane Jácome de , Mello Emmanuella Costa Azevedo , Costa Marta Miriam Lopes
Published: June 2017

Objective: identify the life perspectives of adolescents in the puerperal period, identifying their feelings regarding motherhood.

Method: qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out at a public maternity hospital located in João Pessoa/PB. The population consisted of 16 adolescents in the puerperal period. Data were collected from semi-structured questionnaires and the data analysis used descriptive statistics. The Research Ethics Committee of Nova Esperança Colleges approved it, protocol number 41/14 and CAAE: 24222214.0.0000.5179.

Results: the following categories emerged: 1. Sensations and feelings related to the discovery of being a mother; 2. Concern about herself and the baby; 3. Changes in the life routine; 4. Perspectives for future projects. The results reinforce the need to know better the dreams and the ideals that guide the life projects of the adolescents in the puerperal period, in an attempt to construct prevention strategies that are closer to the needs generated in this population group.

Conclusion: The adolescents believed in a promising future, despite difficulties encountered resulting from motherhood. The contribution of the study as a subsidy for the reflection of health professionals about the problem of being a mother during adolescence stands out, which positively influences the quality of care.

 Descriptors: Nursing; Pregnancy in adolescence; Postpartum period.
Epidemiological Aspects Of Microcephal Cases And Central Nervous System Changes In Newborn
Authors: Lopes Figueiredo Pereira Jessika , Pereira de Lima Silmara , Oliveira Cecília Danielle Bezerra , Sátiro Xavier de França Inácia , Cézar Soares Guilherme , De Souza Abreu Alencar Gláucia , Leite Cavalcanti Alessandro
Published: June 2017

Objective: To describe the epidemiological situation of cases of microcephaly and / or Central Nervous System changes in newborns in the Northeast region of Brazil.

Methods: Epidemiological, descriptive study with secondary data. Epidemiological data were collected in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, with cumulative data from the years 2015 and 2016. They were processed in the statistical software SPSS - version 21 and analyzed from the descriptive statistics.

Results: It was evidenced that, in the Northeast region, 6,481 cases of microcephaly and / or central nervous system disorders were reported. Of these, the states of Pernambuco and Bahia stand out with a higher percentage of reported and confirmed cases. About the reported deaths, the states of Pernambuco, Ceará and Bahia prevailed. Of the cases of deaths confirmed, the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba.

Conclusion: it is imperative to carry out an ongoing population awareness campaign on the prevention of ZIKAV and how important it is to follow up the pregnant woman during prenatal care. In addition to the constant updating of health professionals regarding microcephaly and the creation of more services to support the NB and their families. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out more studies to understand the reason for the increase in reported cases of microcephaly, being possible to draw up specific strategies for each locality in order to reduce the cases of this disease.

Keywords: Epidemiology; Microcephaly; Central Nervous System; Children.
Professional Soldiers Act Within the Czech Legal System (on the Issues of Certain Terms Interpretation)
Authors: Skoruša Leopold , Horák Ondřej , Vičar Radim , Zbořil Tomáš
Published: June 2017

The article deals with the general considerations on the relationship between Public and Private Law and on the relationship of the Professional Soldiers Act (Act no. 221/1999 Coll., on Professional Soldiers) to other legal regulations. The contribution also defines and interprets certain terms (family, household/shared household, close person, child, spouse/partner) at which demonstrates the combination of both legislative branches. It attempts to demonstrate that the laws so called armed legislation, particularly the Professional Soldiers Act is not a world closed on itself, but rather an area that is a part of the unified legal system linked to a number of laws, including Private Law (especially to the CivilCode and Labour Code).
Silverstone House
Authors: Anshen y Allen Arquitectos
Published: June 2017

Emplazada en un pequeño valle, junto a Taxco —Méjico—, y en las orillas de una corriente de agua que se precipita rápida e inquieta hacia un estanque creado artificialmente, se extiende este conjunto residencial, formado por la vivienda propiamente dicha, un amplio patio destinado a estacionamiento de vehículos y una construcción posterior, alargada y serpenteante; destinada a servicios.
Casa de alta montaña
Authors: Wenger Heidi , Wenger P.
Published: June 2017

En Rosswald, dominando el valle del Ródano y a 1.800 m de altura, está situada esta pequeña vivienda, de construcción sencilla y línea graciosa, cuya misión es el procurar refugio y descanso a sus habitantes, que, según costumbre tradicional, pasan en la región un mínimo de dos meses al año.
Casa de campo
Authors: Gandolfi Giovanni
Published: June 2017

Con su naturaleza característica y con su lujuriante vegetación intrincada y trepante sobre las peñas salientes de las aguas de la rada de Orbetello, se levanta el monte Argentarlo.
Vivienda unifamiliar, en Madrid
Authors: Fisac Miguel
Published: June 2017

Es difícil, no contando en España con una industria de la construcción que esté al día, edificar con la gracia y el sentido de hoy. Entre los muchos inconvenientes que este atraso nos ocasiona, surgen, sin embargo, algunas ventajas. Con la falta de «standarización» nuestras construcciones son de estricta artesanía, lo que permite que se hagan más perfectamente a la medida del que las va a habitar, que si tuviera que adaptarse a una modulación ya prefabricada.
La industria española del cemento
Authors: Vizoso Ángel
Published: June 2017

Si el cemento es el más importante y básico material que se emplea en la construcción moderna, y es factor importantísimo en las obras públicas, no cabe duda que la industria que mantiene su producción, tiene también un rango y una categoría de primer orden, dentro de las nacionales.
Puente pretensado de La Voulte
Authors: Esquillan N.
Published: June 2017

El antiguo puente que unía las dos líneas ferroviarias que se extienden entre Lyon y Aviñón, apoyándose en cada una de las dos laderas que forman los costeros del cauce del río Ródano, a la altura de La Voulte, sufrió un bombardeo durante la última guerra mundial, tan fuerte, que no solamente lo puso fuera de servicio, sino que se resintió en algunas de sus pilas intermedias.
Nomograma para determinar la tensión de fisuración
Authors: Muñoz Martialay Rafael
Published: June 2017

Nomograma de alineación para determinar, rápidamente, la tensión de fisuración en las piezas de hormigón armado con redondos lisos o barras corrugadas.
Escales y Pont de Suert. Aprovechamientos hidroeléctricos del Noguera Ribagorzana
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: June 2017

Breve reseña descriptiva de dos de los aprovechamientos hidroeléctricos de la cuenca del río Noguera Ribagorzana, es decir, la presa de Escales y el salto de Pont de Suert. Los estudios, proyectos y trabajos de estas obras han sido realizados por la Empresa Nacional Hidroeléctrica del Ribagorzana.
Cubierta laminar de hormigón pretensado
Authors: Driskell John J.
Published: June 2017

Para la central panificadora de la casa Langendorf, de Los Angeles, California, se ha construido un edificio industrial de unos 52 x 111 m en planta y 8 m de altura. Los muros y pilares que soportan la cubierta son de hormigón armado ordinario, mientras que aquélla se ha pretensado transversalmente, y, además, el hormigón empleado en su construcción es de tipo ligero, cuyos áridos, de origen esquistoso, han sufrido un proceso previo, en el que aumentan de volumen y se recubren de una capa envolvente de un material cerámico que vitrifica superficialmente. Estos áridos tratados son productos de la casa Rocklite Products Co., de Ventura (California).
Interprofessional Team’s Perception of Care Delivery After Implementation of a Pediatric Pain and Sedation Protocol
Authors: Staveski Sandra L. , Wu May , Tesoro Tiffany M. , Roth Stephen J. , Cisco Michael J.
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Pain and agitation are common experiences of patients in pediatric cardiac intensive care units. Variability in assessments by health care providers, communication, and treatment of pain and agitation creates challenges in management of pain and sedation.

OBJECTIVES

To develop guidelines for assessment and treatment of pain, agitation, and delirium in the pediatric cardiac intensive unit in an academic children’s hospital and to document the effects of implementation of the guidelines on the interprofessional team’s perception of care delivery and team function.

METHODS

Before and after implementation of the guidelines, interprofessional team members were surveyed about the members’ perception of analgesia, sedation, and delirium management

RESULTS

Members of the interprofessional team felt more comfortable with pain and sedation management after implementation of the guidelines. Team members reported improvements in team communication on patients’ comfort. Members thought that important information was less likely to be lost during transfer of care. They also noted that the team carried out comfort management plans and used pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies better after implementation of the guidelines than they did before implementation.

CONCLUSIONS

Guidelines for pain and sedation management were associated with perceived improvements in team function and patient care by members of the interprofessional team.
Source shape and data analysis procedure effects on hydraulic conductivity of a sandy-loam soil determined by ponding infiltration runs
Authors: Bagarello Vincenzo , De Santis Andrea , Giordano Giuseppe , Iovino Massimo
Published: June 2017

Performing ponding infiltration runs with non-circular sources could represent a good means to sample completely an area of interest. Regardless of the shape of the source, predicting the expected reliability of the collected data by infiltrometers should facilitate soil hydraulic characterisation and also allow a more conscious use of the field data. The influence of the shape of the infiltration source (i.e., circular or square) and the analysis procedure of the steady-state infiltration data on the saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, of a sandy-loam soil was tested in this investigation. Circular and square surfaces sampled with the pressure infiltrometer (PI) yielded similar estimates of Ks (i.e., differing by a factor of 1.05-1.16, depending on the calculation method) when an equivalent radius was considered to geometrically describe the square source. With the simplified falling head (SFH) technique, the shape of the source was irrelevant (i.e., circular and square sources yielding Ks values that differed by a factor of 1.19), as theoretically expected. For the steady-state PI experiment, the twoponding depth approach yielded two times smaller Ks values than the one-ponding depth (OPD) approach, probably due to lower steady-state flow rates than those expected for the second phase of the two-level run. The conclusions were that: i) simple infiltrometer experiments (PI, SFH) can be carried out with square sources; and ii) the simplest PI run (OPD approach) is expected to yield the most reliable predictions of Ks. Sampling other soils is advisable in an attempt to make these conclusions of general validity.
Classifications of runoff and sediment data to improve the rating curve method
Authors: Khaledian Hossein , Faghih Homayoun , Amini Ata
Published: June 2017

In this study, data classification method was evaluated to increase accuracy of estimating suspended sediment load. To achieve this objective, suspended sediment in Chehelgazi and Khalifeh-Tarkhan rivers in Kurdistan, Iran, were estimated using Sediment Rating Curve (SRC) method in three different approaches of data classification. At first, measured data were modeled without classification. Then, data based on flow statues were divided into two series as high and low flow. Eventually, based on sediment concentration, the data were divided into low and high sediment concentration. Long-term runoff and sediment data were used to calibrate rating curve model. The estimated values were compared with recorded data and the performances of these models were evaluated using statistical criteria. The results indicated an effective role of data classification to improve estimating sediment transportation by rating curve method. In one of the stations, it was observed that due to classification based on river flow and sediment concentration, model efficiency was increased about 45% and 28%, respectively. Furthermore, in case of improving efficiency of SRC method, classifying data based on flow statues was found to be more effective than sediment concentration. The results of this study can be used to improve the management of the basin by more accurately estimating the amount of suspended sediments transporting in the rivers draining to reservoirs.
Pasiëntonderrigstandaarde vir verpleegpraktyk in algemene hospitale
Authors: Coetzee L. , Muller M.E. , Vermaak M.
Published: June 2017

Hospitalisasie beteken die oorgang van ’n bekende na ’n onbekende omgewing en ontketen ’n behoefte aan leer en of gedragsverandering ten opsigte van sy gesondheidstoestand by die pasiënt. Dit is ’n integrale deel van die verpleegkundige se onafhanklike funksie om ook in hierdie behoefte van die pasiënt te voorsien. Navorsers dui op ’n aantal positiewe gevolge van pasiëntonderrig (Devine 1986, p 99-100) (Wilson-Barnett 1983, p 37) en dit is duidelik dat pasiëntonderrig uiteindelik sal lei tot effektiewer pasiëntsorg. Ten spyte van baie duidelike voordele word hierdie funksie van die geregistreerde verpleegkundige tot ’n groot mate oorgeneem deur paramediese personeel (Brownlee, 1983 p 102). Ander navorsers bevind dat die aard en kwaliteit van pasiëntonderrig wat wel gedoen word nie na wense is nie (Pera, 1986) (Muller, 1986 p 148-150). Hierdie ontkenning van die pasiëntonderrigfunksie deur die verpleegkundige word onder andere versterk deur ’n gebrek aan pasiëntonderrigstandaarde. Geformuleerde standaarde wat as maatstaf van kwaliteit dien sal die verpleegkundige weereens bewus maak van haar funksie in hierdie verband.
An evaluation of two guidance programmes to promote breast-feeding
Authors: Steyn M. , Swanepoel A.S.P. , Rossouw L.J. , Langenhoven M.L. , Jooste P.L.
Published: June 2017

During the past ten years a comprehensive research project has been undertaken to develop a guidance programme in three adjacent communities in the South- Western Cape with the aim o f lowering the high incidence o f coronary heart disease. The purpose o f this substudy was to determine whether the guidance provided in the different communities had any influence on the knowledge o f and attitudes towards the nutrition o f pregnant women, babies and infants as well as breast-feeding practices o f the women who gave birth during the period 1980 to 1986. In the first community guidance was provided by means o f small mass media and interpersonal communication whereas only the small mass media were employed in the second. The third served as the control community. The findings suggest that the combined interpersonal and mass media programme was more successful than the mass media programme alone.
Formative clinical evaluation of first-year students in fundamental nursing science
Authors: Wannenburg I. , Kotzé W.J.
Published: June 2017

The outcome of any system of evaluation has a considerable impact on the daily lives of students in a variety of educational settings. Hence, it was attempted to illustrate the complexity of the problem when evaluating the performance skills of first year students in the clinical environment of the general hospital. The choice of the research field originated from the increasing concern of the researcher about the reliability of the current evaluation practices in the formative assessment of first year student nurses. The impression gained is that nurse educators are more concerned with the end results of evaluation than with the teaching-learning process needed to reach this goal. Due to the many variables that can influence its results, the implementation of the evaluation process in clinical nursing is extremely complicated. In the course of studying the literature relevant to the research field, the researcher identified aspects that can be considered as of critical importance in the assessment of student performance in clinical nursing.
Dealing with a patient with a profound congenital defect
Authors: Mabaso M.S. , Uys L.R.
Published: June 2017

Miss O is a 23 year old unmarried sister of an 8 year old boy diagnosed as having microcephaly. The family lives in a shanty house (‘Umjondolo’) at Kwa Makhutha but uses a relative’s house for the official address because the family is not entitled to health care locally if they are not registered as residents. Miss O’s parents died when her brother was only 6 months old and she was 15. “We were 8 in the family, 4 boys and 4 I am the eldest and this boy was my mother’s last child. I was not aware that the baby had a problem when he was still very small. As I grew older 1 noticed that his head was small but I thought he just had a small head which was relatively normal. I had to assume the responsibility of taking care of my younger brothers and sisters as the older sister.
By die 70-jarige verjaardag van Prof. Dr S.P. Engelbrecht
Authors: Krüger B. R.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Oor die Kerkwet van 1862
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Die Vestiging van die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk in 1853 en die eerste Afskeiding van Lydenburg in 1854 - Kerkregtelike Implikasies
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
The state of nature conservation in Swaziland: Past and present
Authors: Reilly T.E. , Reilly Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2017

Swaziland is a Kingdom under the stable leadership of His Majesty, King Sobhuza II, Ngwenyama of Swaziland. His Majesty is the longest reigning monarch in the world, and is an active protagonist of nature. He has championed its cause in Swaziland through very difficult times. His Majesty is Patron in Chief of both wildlife sanctuaries in the Kingdom, and is personally involved with their development. The success that has been achieved in nature conservation in Swaziland to date. would not have been possible without His Majesty's active support.
The imaging of HIV-related brain disease
Authors: Hoare Jackie
Published: June 2017

No Abstract available
Psychotropic prescribing in HIV
Authors: Parker John
Published: June 2017

No Abtract Available
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome among adolescents: A report of cases in a resource-limited setting (Uganda)
Authors: Katusiime Christine , Ocama Ponsiano , Kambugu Andrew
Published: June 2017

We report immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes in a cohort of adolescents/young adults over a period of 1 year at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda.
Expanding acess to HIV counselling and testing at schools – The Manguzi experience
Authors: Pfaff Colin , De Beer Johriaan
Published: June 2017

Original article
HIV and serum protein electrophoresis patterns in Kwazulu Natal: A retrospective study
Authors: Tathiah N , Parboosing R , Pudifin D , Mahabeer S
Published: June 2017

Original article
Knowledge, attitudes and personal beliefs about HIV and AIDS among mentally ill patients in Soweto, Johannesburg
Authors: Jonsson G , Moosa M Y H , Jeenah F Y
Published: June 2017

Aim. The aim of the study was to determine knowledge, attitudes and personal beliefs regarding HIV and AIDS in a group of mentally ill patients attending outpatient clinics in Soweto, Johannesburg.

Method. All patients attending four randomly chosen clinics in Soweto were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire after obtaining informed written consent. The 63-item questionnaire, developed from others specifically for this study, included questions on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics; knowledge on how HIV is acquired and spread; attitudes and beliefs regarding HIV and AIDS; and condom usage. The statements in the knowledge sections were used to calculate a composite score, which if greater than or equal to 75% was defined as ‘adequate knowledge’.

Results. A total of 1 151 patients with mental illness participated in the study. The mean age was 41.9 years (standard deviation 11.6) and the majority were males (50%); single (55%), and had achieved only a secondary level of education (53.3%). Overall, most of the study population did not believe in the myths surrounding the spread and acquisition of HIV and AIDS. There were however, significant associations between a low level of education and the belief that HIV is acquired from mosquito bites (odds ratio (OR) 1.61; 95% CI 1.19 - 2.18; p=0.002) and through masturbation or body rubbing (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.34 - 2.33; p=0.000). Although more than 90% of the patients were aware of the facts regarding the spread of HIV, approximately 40% did not believe that one could acquire HIV through a single sexual encounter. The composite scoring for knowledge showed that less than half the patients had adequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS. This was significantly associated with gender and level of education: females were 1.6 times (p
Khayelitsha 2001 - 2011: 10 years of primary care HIV and TB programmes
Authors: Garone Daniela Belen , Hilderbrand Katherine , Boulle Andrew M , Coetzee David , Goemaere Eric , Van Cutsem Gilles , Besada Donela
Published: June 2017

Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV care in Khayelitsha, and in South Africa as a whole, has overcome numerous obstacles in the past three decades. This article highlights what has been achieved in Khayelitsha, describes the key clinical programme and policy changes that have supported universal coverage for HIV and TB care over the last 10 years, and outlines the challenges for the next decade.
Gender inequality: Bad for men's health
Authors: Cornell Morna
Published: June 2017

Men’s increased risk of death in ART programmes in sub-Saharan Africa is widely reported but poorly understood. Some studies have attributed this risk to men’s poorer health-seeking behaviour, which may prevent them from accessing ART, being adherent to treatment, or remaining in care. In a multicentre analysis of 46 201 adults starting ART in urban and rural settings in South Africa, these factors only partly explained men’s increased mortality while receiving ART. Importantly, the gender difference in mortality among patients receiving ART (31% higher for men than women) was substantially smaller than that among HIV-negative South Africans, where men had twice the risk of death compared with women. Yet, this extreme gender inequality in mortality, both within and outside of ART programmes, has not given rise to widespread action. Here it is argued that, despite their dominance in society, men may be subject to a wide range of unfair discriminatory practices, which negatively affect their health outcomes. The health needs of men and boys require urgent attention.

S Afr J HIV Med 2013;14(1):12-14. DOI:10.7196/SAJHIVMED.894
Analysis of HIV-related mortality data in a tertiary South African neurology unit, 2006- 2012
Authors: Schutte Clara Maria
Published: June 2017

Background. South Africa (SA) has a high prevalence of HIV infection with almost 11% of the population aged >2 years living with HIV. At the Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, the Neurology Department has seen a steady increase in HIV-related neurology patients.Objective. To evaluate the mortality data of this unit as it relates to HIV infection.Methods. The study was a retrospective analysis of records. Patient mortality statistics for 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012 were analysed regarding cause of death, sex, age and HIV status.Results. During 2006, 85 patients died: 33% were HIV-positive, 13% were HIV-negative and 54% had not tested for HIV. By 2010, these figures were 50%, 22% and 28%, respectively, changing little in 2012 (48%, 28% and 24%, respectively). Causes of death in the HIV-positive group were meningitis in 58% – with tuberculous meningitis the most common aetiology – followed by strokes (14%), space-occupying lesions (8%) and status epilepticus (7%). Among HIV-positive patients aged 20 - 30 years, a larger proportion of young women died than men. In the combined untested and HIV-negative group, strokes accounted for the vast majority of deaths.Conclusion. Neurological complications of HIV remain common in SA and contribute significantly to the overall mortality in our tertiary neurology unit, with TB posing a serious threat. A strong corps of clinical neurologists with training in infective neurology is needed urgently in the coming years to care for this growing number of patients.
CPD Questionnaire
Authors: Raemaekers Melissa
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Models of community-based HIV/AIDS care and support in South Africa
Authors: Schneider Helen , Russell Michelle
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Advocating access
Authors: Conway Shaun
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
AIDS Law Project of South Africa honoured
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Taking stock of the national ARV programme: What exactly have we done?
Authors: Hassan Fatima
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Opinion - Why is HIV prevalence so severe in southern Africa.? The role of multiple concurrent partnerships and lack of male circumcision - implications for HIV prevention
Authors: Halperin Daniel T. , Epstein Helen
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Tough choices: Tenofovir, tenders and treatment
Authors: Ford Nathan , Gray Andy , Venter W.D. Francois
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Effect of tension therapy in the management of pressure ulcers a case report
Authors: Adedoyin A. R. , Olaogun M. O. B , Omojola O. F. , Adenekan M. K.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this case study was to determine the therapeuticeffect of tension on the healing of an open pressure sore. An in-patient of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria was chosen for the study. The patient had paraplegia secondary to Burkitt’s lymphoma and subsequently developed pressure ulcers on the sacrum and right ischium.  The right ischial ulcer was randomly chosen as experimental and the other ulcer as the control.  Tension therapy was administered to the experimental ulcer for 20 minutes for four days a week. This was achieved by applying passive mobilization exercises to the right hip joint. The tension was maintained for about 5 minutes and released for 1 minute. The process was repeated 4 times per treatment session. The control wound did not receive tension therapy. Both the experimental and control ulcers received conventional dressing.   The study lasted for five weeks.  The experimental sore reduced to 60.5% of the original surface area while the control ulcer did not show any appreciable healing but rather expanded by 19.6% of its original size.  This finding indicates that tension therapy could be effectively used to accelerate healing of pressure ulcers.
Bridging the gap
Authors: Eales C. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available
Some thoughts on practising physiotherapy in a multi-cultural country
Authors: Jelsma J.
Published: June 2017

Physiotherapists in South Africa are often confronted with ethicalissues, which arise from the multi-cultural nature of the society. This paper discusses the ethical theory of cultural relativism in an attempt to highlight the complexities of making moral judgements across cultural, ethnic and religious boundaries.
Private practitioners`use of exercise therapy in lower back pain
Authors: Strydom Z. , Faure M. , Bester M. M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Lower back pain (LBP) is a common problem treated by physiotherapists.  Recent research confirms the need for a more dynamic approach, to the management of this condition and includes progressive activity and exercise.  The current use of exercise therapy for people with LBP and the implementation of evidence based practice in this field in South Africa, is unknown.  As 80% of physiotherapists in South Africa offer services in private sector, the purpose of the study was to determine the use of this modality by physiotherapists.  The specific aims were to determine how many physiotherapists utilise exercise therapy, how much therapy time is spent on it and how the modality is applied.  This information can determine whether there is a need for continuing professional development in this area.Method: A stratified random sample of 489 South African physiotherapists was selected to take part in a survey by means of a questionnaire.  Data was analysed descriptively and relationships between categories were analysed using Chi-square tests (p<5).Results: A response rate of 85% was reached.  All but one physiotherapist used exercise therapy however, only 16% of the physiotherapists spent more than half of the course of treatment on exercise therapy.  Most respondents (96%) specified dosages, 95% progressed exercises, but only 46% alwaysre-assess exercises at follow-up visits.  Homeexercises are often prescribed, but group exercises are seldom used.Conclusion: South African physiotherapists in private practice use exercise therapy as a treatment modality for  people with LBP.  Inconsistencies concerning the implementation and time spent on exercises, suggests the need for continual professional development in this area
Pharmacology practice and South Africa physiotherapists - part two needs analysis
Authors: Unger M. , Lochner R.
Published: June 2017

A national survey of pharmaceutical practice by South African physiotherapists was conducted. In this second paper, the needs relating to administration, storage and prescription of medicines are discussed. Seventy percent of respondents reported a need to legally administer and 58% reported a need to store certain medicines. More than 60% of respondents were in favour of the expansion of the scope of physiotherapy practice to include prescription of a limited range of medications after training and within certain areas of specialization or clinical competence. It is recommended that a basic pharmacology module be part of the undergraduate curriculum with the option to expand or update knowledge and skills via CPD activities and through specialization and that legislation be revised to accommodate these suggestions.
The relevance of the hip extensor muscles to low back pain in elite female field hockey players
Authors: Wege M. , Bester M. M. , Crous L. C.
Published: June 2017

Low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint among field hockey players.  Only a few of the risk factors for LBP have however been assessed on these players.  These include trunk strength and lumbosacral range of motion.  The aim of the literature review was therefore to investigate the reports of LBP among elite female field hockey players, focusing on risk factors for LBP, biomechanical aspects of field hockey, muscle imbalance and the role of the gluteus maximus (GM) muscle in the development of LBP.  The literature indicated a strong link between LBP and GM weakness.  More recent research supports this concept and clearly stated that female athletes with GM weakness are at risk for the development of LBP.  Considering that the biomechanical aspects and unique requirements of field hockey indicate hip extensor involvement, as well as the association between LBP and GM weakness, further investigation is warranted into the hip extensor muscles of field hockey players.
Motor development in children living within resource poor areas of the Western Cape
Authors: Jelsma J. , Ferguson G.
Published: June 2017

Introduction: In 1986, Irwin-Carruthers tested 681 BlackAfrican babies from the Western Cape and concluded that the South African sample was in advance of the Denver sample both in fine and gross motor behaviour. This study was to determine whether the motor development of isiXhosa speaking children from the same area was still advanced compared to their North American counterparts.Method: The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were administered to 86 children attending well baby clinics, between the ages of 1-36 months.Results: The mean motor developmental quotient was 92 (SD=15). Twenty eight percent of the sample was either significantly or mildly delayed. No socio-economic or maternal characteristics were associated with this score.Conclusion: The reasons for the decrease in performance are not clear. The socio-economic situation of the mothers was poor and there were a large number of single mothers whose sole source of income was government child support grants.  It is likely that the cause of the decrease is multi-factorial. The mothers are clearly in need of emotional and financial support. It is suggested that the introduction of stimulation programmes might be useful inreducing the long term impact of this delayed development.
Perceived attitudes and benefits towards teaching evidence based practice among physiotherapy lecturers at tertiary institutions in South Africa
Authors: Frantz J.M. , Diener I.
Published: June 2017

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is gaining momentum in the physiotherapy profession. The main focus of EBP, however, has been in clinical practiceand in the move towards global EBP, very little attention has been given tothe contents of physiotherapy education programs. There is very limitedinformation regarding the attitudes of health professional lecturers, especially physiotherapists, towards the teaching of evidence based practice.The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of lecturers and use ofevidence in teaching among physiotherapists at tertiary institutions in South Africa. The study employed a within stage mixed model approach. The study population consisted of all physiotherapy lecturers at the 8 training institutions in South Africa. Out of 76 physiotherapy lecturers at the 8 insti-tutions, the response rate to the questionnaire was 47% (35). Respondents identified that teaching EBP depends on personal experience, current literature, and availability of time, current practice patterns and CPD courses. Barriers toincluding evidence in the content of what is being taught were mainly time constraints, accessibility of journals, work-load and knowledge on how to obtain the evidence. Facilitators to including evidence in subject content were adequateresources and a well equipped library, the environment and departmental support/encouragement. Teaching EBPrequires the integration of factors such as research evidence, clinical expertise and patient values. Although the majority of respondents in the current study demonstrated a positive attitude towards teaching EBP, they reported finding it difficult to implement it in practice due to several identified barriers. It can only be to the benefit of lecturers, studentsand patients if university departments create favourable circumstances for lecturers to facilitate teaching of EBP.