bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simple Expression for the Screening of Excitonic Couplings between Chlorophylls as Inferred for Photosystem I Trimers
Authors: Eder Matthias , Renger Thomas
Published: August 2024

The Coulomb coupling between transition densities of the pigments in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes, termed excitonic coupling, is a key factor for the description of optical spectra and energy transfer. A challenging question is the quantification of the screening of the excitonic coupling by the optical polarizability of the environment. We use the equivalence between the sophisticated quantum chemical polarizable continuum (PCM) model and the simple electrostatic Poisson-TrEsp approach to analyze the distance and orientation dependence of the dielectric screening between chlorophylls in photosystem I trimers. On the basis of these calculations we find that the vacuum couplings Vmn(0) and the couplings in the dielectric medium Vmn=fmnVmn(0) are related by the empirical screening factor fmn=0.60+39.6θ(|κmn|−1.17)exp(−0.56Rmn/Å), where κmn is the usual orientational factor of the dipole-dipole coupling between the pigments, Rmn is the center-to-center distance, and the Heaviside-function θ(|κmn|−1.17) ensures that the exponential distance dependence only contributes for in-line type dipole geometries. We are confident that the present expression can be applied also to other pigment-protein complexes with chlorophyll or related pigments of similar shape. The variance between the Poisson-TrEsp and the approximate coupling values is found to decrease by a factor of 8 and 3–4 using the present expression, instead of an exponential distance dependent or constant screening factor, respectively, assumed previously in the literature.
STAT3 Increases CVB3 Replication and Acute Pancreatitis and Myocarditis Pathology via Impeding Nuclear Translocation of STAT1 and Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression
Authors: Liang Tianming , Zhang Zhipeng , Bai Zhenxin , Xu Le , Xu Wei
Published: August 2024

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease initiated by the death of exocrine acinar cells, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a multifunctional factor that regulates immunity and the inflammatory response. The protective role of STAT3 is reported in Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced cardiac fibrosis, yet the exact role of STAT3 in modulating viral-induced STAT1 activation and type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) transcription in the pancreas remains unclarified. In this study, we tested whether STAT3 regulated viral-induced STAT1 translocation. We found that CVB3, particularly capsid VP1 protein, markedly upregulated the phosphorylation and nuclear import of STAT3 (p-STAT3) while it significantly impeded the nuclear translocation of p-STAT1 in the pancreases and hearts of mice on day 3 postinfection (p.i.). Immunoblotting and an immunofluorescent assay demonstrated the increased expression and nuclear translocation of p-STAT3 but a blunted p-STAT1 nuclear translocation in CVB3-infected acinar 266-6 cells. STAT3 shRNA knockdown or STAT3 inhibitors reduced viral replication via the rescue of STAT1 nuclear translocation and increasing the ISRE activity and ISG transcription in vitro. The knockdown of STAT1 blocked the antiviral effect of the STAT3 inhibitor. STAT3 inhibits STAT1 activation by virally inducing a potent inhibitor of IFN signaling, the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 ((SOCS)-3). Sustained pSTAT1 and the elevated expression of ISGs were induced in SOCS3 knockdown cells. The in vivo administration of HJC0152, a pharmaceutical STAT3 inhibitor, mitigated the viral-induced AP and myocarditis pathology via increasing the IFNβ as well as ISG expression on day 3 p.i. and reducing the viral load in multi-organs. These findings define STAT3 as a negative regulator of the type I IFN response via impeding the nuclear STAT1 translocation that otherwise triggers ISG induction in infected pancreases and hearts. Our findings identify STAT3 as an antagonizing factor of the IFN-STAT1 signaling pathway and provide a potential therapeutic target for viral-induced AP and myocarditis.
From ECG to Imaging: Challenges in the Diagnosis of Adult Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Crișan Simina , Băghină Ruxandra-Maria , Luca Silvia , Pătru Oana , Lazăr Mihai-Andrei , Văcărescu Cristina , Rus Marius , Cozma Dragoș , Gaiță Dan , Luca Constantin-Tudor
Published: August 2024

Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are one of the most common birth defects and the main leading cause of death in children. Many patients with CHD are reaching adulthood due to the success of improved contemporary surgical procedures. Understanding the etiology of CHD remains important for patient clinical management. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the development and progression of CHD. Variations in many different genes and chromosomal anomalies can be associated with CHD, by expression of different mechanisms. Sporadic cases are the most frequently encountered in these patients. Atrial septal defect is a common congenital heart disease that refers to direct communication between atrial chambers, found isolated or associated with other syndromes. Imaging techniques, especially transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) represent the key for diagnosis and management of ASD. The disease has a major incidence in adulthood, due to late symptomatology, but assessment and treatment are important to avoid time-related complications. Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare congenital disease, with a dominant genetic participation, characterized by an abnormal displacement of the tricuspid valve and right ventricular myopathy, often requiring surgical intervention. Alongside echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the gold standard tool for the assessment of ventricular volumes. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are mandatory to avoid possible complications of CHD, and thus, ECG, as well as imaging techniques, are important diagnostic tools. However, patients with CHD need a special healthcare team for the entire monitorization in various life stages.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Postoperative Infection Rates of Blood Transfusion in Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Park Si Young , Kang Taewook , Jeong Woong Kyo , Song Ji Eun
Published: August 2024

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: Effects of blood loss that requires blood transfusion after lumbar spinal fusion remain an important issue. Blood transfusions are used commonly in cases of significant blood loss in lumbar spinal fusion but are associated with adverse effects. The objective was to assess the rate of blood transfusion and the associated risk after lumbar spinal fusion from 2013 to 2018. Methods: In this nationwide population-based cohort study, the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database was reviewed retrospectively from 2013 to 2018. Data were extracted from patients who underwent lumbar spinal fusion without history of lumbar spinal surgery in the preceding year. The primary outcome was the rate of blood transfusion within 1 week of surgery. In addition, the risk factors for blood transfusion and the rate of postoperative infection were evaluated. Results: A total of 188,581 patients underwent lumbar spinal fusion between 2013 and 2018. A significant decline in blood transfusions was observed during the study period (56.38–47.51%). The presence of comorbidities was associated with an increased risk of blood transfusion. Patients who underwent the posterior approach were more likely to receive blood transfusion than patients who underwent the anterior or anterior and posterior approach. Receiving blood transfusion was associated with postoperative infection. Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence, risk factors, and postoperative infection rates associated with blood transfusion in lumbar spinal fusion were identified. Spine surgeons should consider these risk factors in patients at high risk of blood transfusion.
Lack of Association between Cervical Spine Injuries and Prehospital Immobilization: From Tradition to Evidence
Authors: Mitchnik Ilan Y. , Ezra Yael V. , Radomislensky Irina , Talmy Tomer , Ankory Ran , Benov Avi , Gelikas Shaul
Published: August 2024

Background: Cervical spine (C-spine) trauma usually results from blunt injuries and is traditionally managed by prehospital spinal immobilization using a cervical collar. We sought to examine if prehospital C-spine immobilization is associated with actual C-spine injuries and what factors are associated with the decision to immobilize the C-spine. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed blunt trauma patients treated by Israeli Defense Force (IDF) medical teams from 2015 to 2020. Children, penetrating injuries, and non-threatening injuries were excluded. Demographic data, injury characteristics, and prehospital information were collected from the IDF Trauma Registry’s electronic medical records and merged with corresponding hospital data from the Israeli National Trauma Registry. Results: Overall, 220 patients were included, with a mean age of 32 and a predominance of male patients (78%). Most injuries were due to motor vehicle collisions (77%). In total, 40% of the patients received a cervical collar. C-spine injuries were present in 8%, of which 50% were immobilized with a cervical collar. There were no significant differences in the incidences of C-spine injuries or disability outcomes with or without collar immobilization. The use of a collar was significantly associated with backboard immobilization (OR = 14.5, p < 0.001) and oxygen use (OR = 2.5, p = 0.032). Conclusions: Prehospital C-spine immobilization was not associated with C-spine injury or neurological disability incidences. C-spine immobilization by medical providers may be influenced by factors other than the suspected presence of a C-spine injury, such as the use of a backboard. Clear clinical guidelines for inexperienced medical providers are called for.
Low Muscle Strength Assessed with Dynamometry in Elderly Polypathological Patients with Acute Heart Failure: PROFUND-IC Registry
Authors: Guzmán-Carreras Alicia , San Miguel-Agudo Jorge , Paz-Cabezas Mateo , Bernabeu-Wittel Máximo , Muñoz-Rivas Nuria , Sánchez-Sauce Beatriz , Aguilar-Rodríguez Fernando , Cabeza-Osorio Luis , Andrès Emmanuel , Lorenzo-Villalba Noel , Méndez-Bailón Manuel
Published: August 2024

Background: Sarcopenia is a comorbidity associated with heart failure, which aggravates its prognosis. Objectives: To analyze the differential characteristics of polypathological patients with acute heart failure (AHF) based on the presence of low muscle strength, as well as to study whether this condition is associated with a worse prognosis. Methods: An observational study of 377 patients with a diagnosis of acute heart failure from the prospective multicentric PROFUND-IC registry was carried out. The main variable is low muscle strength, which is assessed with dynamometry or prehensile strength. Epidemiological and anthropometric characteristics, as well as associated comorbidities, were analyzed. Likewise, the etiology of the AHF episode, the number of admissions in the previous year, and the NYHA scale were also included. Finally, scores on functionality, treatment established, and mortality and readmission rates were studied. Quantitative variables are described as mean, and standard deviation, and qualitative variables are expressed as absolute numbers and percentages. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed according to the presence of low muscle strength (handgrip <27 kg in men and <16 kg in women), using the Welch test for quantitative measures and Chi-square for qualitative variables. In addition, Kaplan-Meier curves of readmission and mortality and a logistic regression analysis were also performed. Results: 377 patients were included (56% female, mean age 83 years). 310 (82.23%) had low muscle strength. Those with low muscle strength were older (84 vs. 78 years, p < 0.001), with more cognitive impairment (11.9% vs. 0%, p = 0.021), worse functional class (p = 0.016), lower scores in the Barthel index and Rockwood scale (p < 0.001), and higher in the PROFUND index (p < 0.001). They had higher rates of readmission and mortality without statistically significant differences. The PROFUND index is significantly associated with low muscle strength (OR 1.19, CI (1.09–1.31), p < 0.001). Conclusions: Elderly polypathological patients with acute heart failure and low muscle strength have a higher PROFUND index and a lower probability of survival per year.
Neurological Validation of ASD Diagnostic Criteria Using Frontal Alpha and Theta Asymmetry
Authors: Bitsika Vicki , Sharpley Christopher F. , Evans Ian D. , Vessey Kirstan A.
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) relies on the observation of difficulties in social communication and interaction, plus the presence of repetitive and restrictive behaviors. The identification of neurological correlates of these symptoms remains a high priority for clinical research, and has the potential to increase the validity of diagnosis of ASD as well as provide greater understanding of how the autistic brain functions. This study focused on two neurological phenomena that have been previously associated with psychiatric disorders (alpha- and theta-wave asymmetry across the frontal region of the brain), and tested for their association with the major diagnostic criteria for ASD. Methods: A total of 41 male autistic youth underwent assessment with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) and 3 min of eyes-closed resting EEG to collect alpha- and theta-wave data from right and left frontal brain sites. Results: Different associations were found for theta versus alpha asymmetry and the ADOS-2 subscales, across different brain regions responsible for a varying range of cognitive functions. In general, theta asymmetry was associated with conversation with others, sharing of enjoyment, and making social overtures, whereas alpha asymmetry was linked with making eye contact, reporting events to others, and engaging in reciprocal social communication. Specific brain regions involved are identified, as well as implications for clinical practice. Conclusions: Specific autism symptoms may be associated with selected brain region activity, providing a neurological basis for diagnosis and treatment.
Historical and Contemporary Debates in Schlemm’s Canal-Based MIGS
Authors: Chihara Etsuo , Hamanaka Teruhiko
Published: August 2024

Glaucoma is one of the primary causes of blindness worldwide. Canal opening surgery, a type of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) applied in cases of mild to moderate glaucoma, has gained increasing popularity in recent years due to its efficacy in reducing the intraocular pressure, its safety profile, the simplicity of its technique, and the reduced likelihood of compromised vision. Nevertheless, the existing body of histopathological studies remains insufficient for a comprehensive understanding of post-surgical wound healing. Consequently, debates persist among researchers regarding the mechanism through which Schlemm’s canal opening surgery reduces the intraocular pressure, as well as the surgical techniques that may impact the outcomes and the factors influencing surgical success. As the history of MIGS is relatively short and lacks sufficient systemic reviews or meta-analyses evaluating the influence of individual factors, this review was conducted to illuminate the disparities in researchers’ opinions at the current stage of research.
Nationwide Trends in Hospitalizations for Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter in the United States before and during the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Daoudi Sarah , John Kevin , Chalhoub Fadi , Chee Jennifer , Infeld Margaret , Elbaz-Greener Gabby , Homoud Munther , Ruskin Jeremy N. , Heist E. Kevin , Madias Christopher , Udelson James , Rozen Guy
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter (AFL) are the most common cardiac arrhythmias worldwide. Cardiovascular complications are a common manifestation of acute and post-acute COVID-19 infection. We aimed to analyze the nationwide trends in clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for AF/AFL before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in the U.S. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of patients, aged 18 and older, hospitalized for AF/AFL in the U.S. between 2016 and 2020. We drew data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Baseline sociodemographic and clinical data, as well as outcomes including stroke, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and mortality, were analyzed. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify independent associations between the different clinical and demographic characteristics and the composite endpoint of Mortality/ACS/Stroke. Results: An estimated total of 2,163,699 hospitalizations for AF/AFL were identified. The hospitalization volume between 2016 and 2019 was stable, averaging 465,176 a year, followed by a significant drop to 302,995 in 2020. Patients’ median age was 72 years (IQR 62–80), 50.9% were male, and 81.5% were white. The composite endpoint steadily increased from 6.5% in 2016 to 11.8% in 2020 (Ptrend < 0.001). In a multivariable regression analysis, age > 75 (OR: 1.35; 95% CI 1.304–1.399, p < 0.001), ischemic heart disease (OR: 1.466; 95% CI: 1.451–1.481; p < 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (OR: 1.635; 95% CI: 1.616–1.653; p < 0.001) were associated with the composite endpoint. COVID-19 was associated with the composite endpoint outcome in the year 2020 (OR: 1.147; 95% CI: 1.037–1.265; p = 0.007). Conclusions: Hospitalization for AF/AFL dropped significantly during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, possibly due to patients’ avoidance of hospital visits. The composite endpoint of Mortality/ACS/Stroke uptrended significantly during the study period. COVID-19 was shown to be independently associated with the adverse composite outcome Mortality/ACS/Stroke.
Sutureless Aortic Valve Replacement with Perceval Bioprosthesis Superior to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Promising Option for the Gray-Zone of Aortic Valve Replacement Procedures—A State-of-the-Art Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Future Directions
Authors: Ali-Hasan-Al-Saegh Sadeq , Takemoto Sho , Shafiei Saeed , Yavuz Senol , Arjomandi Rad Arian , Amanov Lukman , Merzah Ali Saad , Salman Jawad , Ius Fabio , Kaufeld Tim , Schmack Bastian , Popov Aron-Frederik , Sabashnikov Anton , Ruhparwar Arjang , Zubarevich Alina , Weymann Alexander
Published: August 2024

Background: The management of patients with aortic valve pathologies can sometimes fall into a “gray zone”, where the optimal treatment approach is not straightforward. The comparative benefits of sutureless aortic valve replacement (SUAVR) using the Perceval bioprosthesis versus transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for the “gray zone” of aortic valve replacement procedures remain a topic of debate. To further explore this issue, we conducted a study with pairwise, single-arm, and Kaplan–Meier-based meta-analyses to compare the outcomes of SUAVR with the Perceval bioprosthesis versus TAVI, as well as to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and durability of SUAVR with the Perceval bioprosthesis over mid-term and long-term follow-up periods. Methods: The PubMed, PubMed Central, OVID Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. All study types were included, except study protocols and animal studies, without time restrictions. The final search was carried out in May 2024. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) rates between the two groups. SUAVR showed a lower incidence of new-onset myocardial infarction but was associated with higher rates of new-onset atrial fibrillation and major bleeding. TAVI had higher rates of left bundle branch block and major vascular complications. Conclusions: Our findings show that SUAVR has a lower incidence of complications and a favorable mid-term overall survival compared to TAVI. SUAVR has more advantages compared to TAVI and can be considered a valuable and promising option for the “grey zone” of aortic valve pathologies.
Room-Temperature Creep Deformation of a Pressure-Resistant Cylindrical Structure Made of Dissimilar Titanium Alloys
Authors: Liu Zirui , Wang Fang , Zhao Bingxiong , Zhang Jinfei , Gaidai Oleg , Sun Zhongzhou , Wang Kelin
Published: August 2024

The long-term safety of pressure-resistant structures used in deep-sea equipment may be threatened by creep deformation. The creep deformation behavior of a pressure-resistant structure made of different titanium alloys, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-4Al-2V, at room temperature is investigated in this research. The kinetics and mechanisms underlying creep deformation in these materials is explained by proposing an improved constitutive model considering the effects of stress level, loading rate and environmental temperature field, offering crucial information for optimizing design parameters and guaranteeing the lifespan of the structure. Model parameters are determined for the two types of titanium alloys based on tensile creep testing results and validated through a simulation of the experimental process. In this study, a material creep model was used to predict the long-term deformation of large pressure-resistant titanium structures to ensure safe long-term operation. The safety factor used in the model is 1.5. Finite element analyses are conducted for the creep behavior of the pressure-resistant structure under real operating circumstances based on the creep constitutive model. The simulation predicts stress distribution, strain evolution, and deformation size over long periods of time by integrating complicated geometries, boundary conditions, and material characteristics. The present research can provide basic information for the local impacts of creep deformation on the inside of facilities, which helps refine design strategies to reduce possible damage risks.
Numerical Investigation on the Interaction between a Tsunami-like Solitary Wave and a Monopile on a Sloping Sandy Seabed
Authors: Xie Wenbo , Zhang Qi , Cai Hao , Fu Miao
Published: August 2024

An integrated numerical model was developed to investigate the interaction between a tsunami-like solitary wave and a monopile on a sloping sandy seabed in this study. The solitary wave motion is governed by the RANS equations with the k-ε turbulence model. The porous sloping sandy seabed is governed by Biot’s equation (u-p approximation). The solitary wave is validated with previous experimental data. Meanwhile, a further comparison of solitary wave scattering by the monopile is carried out to verify the numerical model. Then, the effects of different monopile locations were examined in investigating the solitary wave–monopile interaction problem. The velocity magnitudes and the free-surface elevation changes in the solitary wave around the monopile are investigated at various monopile locations. In addition, the response of the sloping sandy seabed and monopile under the solitary wave are examined. The numerical results demonstrate the accuracy of the current method in simulating solitary waves and wave height variation around monopiles. Wave run-up is observed in front of the monopile, with a high-velocity forward-moving water jet forming behind it. The maximum fluid velocity, wave run-up height in front of the monopile, excess pore water pressure (EPWP), and bending moment of the monopile increase as the monopile approaches the shoreline. However, at the closest location to the shoreline, due to the strong dynamic interaction between the solitary wave and the monopile, significant wave shoaling and breaking are observed, resulting in a slight decrease in the wave force acting on the monopile.
An Analytical Study on the Performance and Feasibility of Converting a Combined Gas or Gas Propulsion System to a Combined Gas Turbine–Electric and Steam System for a Type 22 Frigate
Authors: Profir Calin , Sirbu Theodor Mihnea , Nicoara Razvan Edmond , Hank Alexandru , Navligu Bogdan Catalin , Suciu Cosmin Petru , Vilag Jeni Alina , Glasberg Dan
Published: August 2024

A Type 22 Broadsword class of frigate uses a combined gas or gas (COGOG) propulsion system that utilizes four different gas turbines, depending on the mode of operation. Its twin ST40M cruise gas turbines are operational most frequently, and an increase in their efficiency would significantly impact fuel usage and ship range. This study evaluates the option to upgrade the cruise gas turbines to a combined gas turbine–electric and steam (COGES) system, which utilizes a steam Rankine cycle to recover energy from the exhaust gases of the gas turbine. An alternative system using hot air is also analyzed for performance comparison. The analysis contains calculations for the energy extraction and dimensions of heat exchangers, for the power extracted from the additional steam or air turbine and for pressure losses of the exhaust gas. Different configurations for the heat exchangers were investigated, as well as various parameters for the steam and hot air. The size and mass of the system were an important aspect of the analysis. It was concluded that an auxiliary system operating at a maximum steam pressure of 20 bar could generate an additional 771 kW of power while adding a mass of 7.4 tons to the frigate. These findings suggest that upgrading to a COGES system could cover the electricity needs of the entire ship and thus reduce the overall fuel consumption, resulting in lower operational costs and less emissions.
Atypical Presentation of Invasive Aspergillosis during Treatment with Mogamulizumab
Authors: Pavone Paolo , Arletti Laura , Ilariucci Fiorella , Albano Tommaso , Lusetti Deborah , Corsini Romina , Merli Francesco , Mezzadri Sergio
Published: August 2024

Treatment with CCR-4 antagonists has been shown to be protective against the development of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in animal models. Herein, we present a case of fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient receiving Mogamulizumab. A 64-year-old man with refractory mycosis fungoides was found to have diffuse bilateral pulmonary nodules during a chest CT in June 2022. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fungal and bacterial cultures and galactomannan were negative, as well as serum beta-glucan and galactomannan. Histology showed a lymphoid infiltrate with a negative fungal stain, so a presumptive diagnosis of lymphoma infiltration was made, and the patient started the CCR-4 antagonist Mogamulizumab treatment in August 2022. He had no symptoms until November when he presented to the hematology clinic reporting dyspnea. He had neutrophilic leukocytosis (18.610 cells/µL), his c-reactive protein was 27 mg/dL, and his skin lesions from mycosis fungoides were just starting to improve. A CT scan showed large diffuse bilateral severely necrotic cavitated lesions with thick walls and apparently synchronous evolution. Beta-glucan was 31 pg/mL (wako method), while serum galactomannan 3.6. BAL was positive for Aspergillus fumigatus culture and galactomannan. Patient started voriconazole but, despite being in a stable condition, he suddenly died after two days. Discussion: Paradoxically, worsening of the chronic pulmonary aspergillosis has been reported after nivolumab treatment, and immune reconstitution syndromes are usually seen during neutrophil recovery after intensive chemotherapy. Our patient already presented indolent lung lesions from 5 months before and he remained completely asymptomatic until the aspergillosis diagnosis when he quickly passed away. Even if a progression of the lesions was expected in 5 months, this case had an atypical presentation. During the 5-month period, he had no pulmonary symptoms, and his c-reactive protein was negative. Furthermore, in the setting of the natural progression of subacute/chronic aspergillosis, a different radiological picture was expected with a less severe and probably asynchronous evolution. We think that the immune restoration associated with Mogamulizumab (also supported by the concurrent clinical response of the skin lesions) could have been detrimental in this case, exacerbating a catastrophic immune response or alternatively masquerading the clinical progression of aspergillosis. Clinicians should be aware of immune reconstitution syndromes possibly leading to fatal outcomes in immunocompromised patients starting CCR-4 antagonists.
Differential Strategies of Ectomycorrhizal Development between Suillus luteus and Pinus massoniana in Response to Nutrient Changes
Authors: Pan Xueyu , Liang Junfeng , Zhang Jinhua , Zhao Yan , Chen Mingjie
Published: August 2024

Ectomycorrhizal fungi employ different strategies for mycelial growth and host colonization under varying nutrient conditions. However, key genes associated with mycorrhizal interaction should be influenced solely by the inoculation treatment and not by nutrient variations. To utilize subtle nutrient differences and rapidly screen for key genes related to the interaction between Suillus luteus and Pinus massoniana, we performed an inoculation experiment using culture bottles containing high- and low-nutrient media. Interestingly, S. luteus LS88 promoted the growth of P. massoniana seedlings without mature ectomycorrhiza, and the impact of LS88 inoculation on P. massoniana roots was greater than that of nutrient changes. In this study, the resequenced genome of the LS88 strain was utilized for transcriptome analysis of the strain. The analysis indicated that a unique gene encoding glutathione S-transferase (GST) in LS88 is likely involved in colonizing P. massoniana roots. In this study, the GST gene expression was independent of nutrient levels. It was probably induced by P. massoniana and could be used as a marker for S. luteus colonization degree.
Predictors of Mobile News Consumption through News Applications (Apps): The Impacts of Audience Characteristics, Media Usage, and Motivations
Authors: Guo Miao
Published: August 2024

This study investigates news audiences’ platform preferences, usage patterns, and factors affecting their mobile news consumption through news apps. Four explanatory factors, news app users’ demographics, news media usage, perceptions, and motivations, are proposed to predict adoption intention. By surveying 698 mobile news app users in the US, this study’s findings indicate that user perceptions of news apps (i.e., perceived ease of use, compatibility, relative content advantage, and observability) and instrumental motivations of news consumption (i.e., information-seeking and opinion needs) best predict news consumers’ willingness to continue using mobile news apps. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed to offer new insights into mobile news audience behavior and inform current digital publishers on cross-media strategies in the highly competitive mobile news market.
One- versus Two-Minute Intercostal Nerve Cryoanalgesia in Children Undergoing Surgery for Funnel Chest Deformity
Authors: Zacha Sławomir , Lopez Manuel , Bilas Jarosław , Skonieczna-Żydecka Karolina , Miegoń Jakub , Biernawska Jowita
Published: August 2024

An inherent defect of the sternum and ribs results in the formation of a funnel-shaped anterior chest wall. The gold standard of surgical correction is the minimally invasive Nuss procedure, which might cause severe pain and carries the risk of sensory disturbances and chronic discomfort. Integrating cryoanalgesia with standard multimodal analgesia improves the outcomes of this procedure. Based on histological results, it was hypothesised that the time of cryo-application can be reduced from the current standard period of two minutes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a one-minute application compared with the routine two-minute method in the same patient, considering the subjective perception of pain and sensory disturbances. A total of 33 patients were included in this prospective study. The results show that the assessment of pain severity and sensory disturbances did not differ significantly in terms of the time of cryo-application during first 14 days after the surgical procedure. The one-minute cryo-application time for intraoperative intercostal nerve cryoablation prior to the Nuss procedure seems to be as safe and effective as the routinely used two-minute application time in regards to pain severity, sensory disturbances, and the risk of chronic pain development. Intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia is an essential element of multimodal analgesia.
Essential Factors When Designing a Cost Accounting System in Greek Manufacturing Entities
Authors: Alexopoulou Sofia , Balios Dimitris , Kounadeas Theodoros
Published: August 2024

We examine the extent to which basic factors, such as the structure, complexity, and usefulness of a cost system, affect the design of cost systems and the resulting satisfaction and help companies make the right decisions. Moreover, we examine the relationship between the structure and complexity of cost systems with (a) a company’s demographic data, such as the volume of its activities, the number of years it has been operating, its sector, its size, and the gender, age, level of training, and position of its employees; and (b) information concerning production and competition, such as the number of products that a company produces, the number of a company’s production lines, the level of competition, and the extent to which competition affects a company’s pricing policy. Empirical research was conducted via a questionnaire in which a sample of 114 industrial companies in Greece took part. The findings revealed that the structure and the usefulness of a cost system, but not its complexity, significantly affect the satisfaction users get from the system when they are called to make fast and correct decisions. The results point out a positive correlation between the satisfaction a user gets from a cost system and the range of information (R), the calculation of deviations (CS), the provision of accurate information (CS), the quality of information (CS), the number of cost pools (C), the number of allocation bases (C), and the cost information (U). Companies that produce more goods and have a complex production process have cost systems that not only have a more detailed structure and provide more detailed information with the calculation of deviations as well as accurate information but also have more cost pools and cost allocation bases. The more competition affects a company’s pricing policy, the more a company seeks systems that categorize costs based on behavior (structure) and more cost allocation bases (complexity). The larger a company is, with a long (>20 years) and international presence, the higher the probability a company will have a system with a more detailed cost information structure.
The Impact of Corporate Reputation on Cost of Debt: A Panel Data Analysis of Indian Listed Firms
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Joshi Mahesh , Singh Gagandeep , Sharma Sharad
Published: August 2024

The study analyses the impact of financial reputation on the cost of debt financing for Indian companies. In doing so, panel regression analysis is performed using firm-specific data on 395 Indian listed firms covering 2002–2017. The paper uses market capitalization as a benchmark of financial reputation. For robustness check, excess of market value over book value is also used as a proxy of financial reputation. The study found that the reputation of a firm in financial markets plays a vital role in determining the cost of financing. The results provide evidence supporting a significant negative relationship between financial reputation and the cost of debt. The findings provide motivation for corporate managers to invest in reputation-building activities to reduce the cost of borrowing. The relevance of reputation in lowering the cost of debt capital has garnered limited attention, especially in emerging economies like India. This study is a preliminary attempt to link two strands of research in the Indian context: financial reputation and the cost of debt.
Gender Power, the Top Management Team, and Firm Credit Default Risk
Authors: Tribbitt Mark A. , Walton Richard
Published: August 2024

This paper considers the impact of the composition of the top management team on the credit default risk of the firm. Finance theory suggests that shareholders prefer higher levels of risk than the risk-averse executives managing the firm. Increasing the influence of female executives may reduce credit default risk, as female executives have been shown to be associated with lower firm risk. Alternatively, as diversity has been shown to improve the quality of group decision-making, a higher but optimal credit default risk may result. This paper uses a matched sample of 6,652 firm-year observations of publicly traded American firms over the period 2010–2020 to investigate the relationship between gender power within the top management team and credit default risk as measured by the Altman Z-score. This paper finds a convex relationship between the Altman Z-score and the influence of female executives. In other words, top management teams where power is shared between female and male executives accept higher levels of credit default risk than teams dominated by just female (or just male) executives. However, this paper also finds that an excessively high credit risk is negatively associated with the influence of female executives.
Adapting to Multipolarity: Insights from Iterated Game Theory Simulations—A Preliminary Study on Hypothetical Optimal Global Cooperation
Authors: Petrakis Panagiotis E. , Kanzola Anna-Maria , Lomis Ioannis
Published: August 2024

The global geopolitical landscape is characterized by the rise of new powers and a shift toward multipolarity. This study examines the impact of multipolarity on international cooperation using an iterated game theory approach, particularly the classic prisoner’s dilemma, extended to a multiplayer setting. This effort can be regarded as a preliminary study of hypothetical optimal global cooperation. The main hypothesis is that an increase in the number of large countries in the international system will lead to higher levels of cooperation. Our simulation approach confirmed this. Our findings extend to the conclusion that multipolarity, under appropriate cultural and value systems, can foster new economic development and fair competition. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of evolving strategies and cooperative dynamics in a multipolar world, contributing to discussions on foreign economic policy integration, sustainability, and managing vulnerabilities among great powers. The study underscores the necessity of strategic frameworks and international institutions in promoting global stability and cooperation amidst the complexities of multipolarity.
Predicting and Optimizing Restorativeness in Campus Pedestrian Spaces based on Vision Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning
Authors: Huang Kuntong , Wang Taiyang , Li Xueshun , Zhang Ruinan , Dong Yu
Published: August 2024

Restoring campus pedestrian spaces is vital for enhancing college students’ mental well-being. This study objectively and thoroughly proposed a reference for the optimization of restorative campus pedestrian spaces that are conducive to the mental health of students. Eye-tracking technology was employed to examine gaze behaviors in these landscapes, while a Semantic Difference questionnaire identified key environmental factors influencing the restorative state. Additionally, this study validated the use of virtual reality (VR) technology for this research domain. Building height difference (HDB), tree height (HT), shrub area (AS), ground hue (HG), and ground texture (TG) correlated significantly with the restorative state (ΔS). VR simulations with various environmental parameters were utilized to elucidate the impact of these five factors on ΔS. Subsequently, machine learning models were developed and assessed using a genetic algorithm to refine the optimal restorative design range of campus pedestrian spaces. The results of this study are intended to help improve students’ attentional recovery and to provide methods and references for students to create more restorative campus environments designed to improve their mental health and academic performance.
Revetment Affects Nitrogen Removal and N2O Emission at the Urban River–Riparian Interface
Authors: Man Zihao , Xie Changkun , Jiang Ruiyuan , Wang Jin , Qin Yifeng , Che Shengquan
Published: August 2024

River–riparian interface (RRI) plays a crucial role in nitrogen removal and N2O emissions, but different revetment constructions can significantly alter the associated outcomes. Identifying which type of revetment can reduce N2O emissions while still removing nitrogen is a key issue in urban development. This study constructed three types of revetments along the same river section, and measured soil, vegetation, microbial, denitrification, and N2O emission characteristics to explore the synergistic effects of revetment types on nitrogen removal and N2O emissions. The study showed that revetments affected nitrogen removal and N2O emissions in RRI by influencing denitrification. nirK mainly affected nitrogen removal, while nosZII mainly influenced N2O emissions. Environmental factors in the permeable revetment led to significantly higher gene abundances of nirK and nosZII compared to those in the natural and impermeable revetments. As a result, the denitrification potential of the permeable revetment (34.32 ± 1.17 mg/(kg·d)) was 22.43% and 8.84% higher than those of the natural and impermeable revetments, respectively. The N2O emission rate (0.35 ± 0.01 mg/(m2·h)) was 29.22% and 22.19% lower than those of the natural and impermeable revetments, respectively. Permeable revetment could have been the best for the nitrogen removal and N2O emission reduction. These results provide a theoretical basis and guidance for urban ecological construction.
Methylated DNA Markers in Voided Urine for the Identification of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Shah Paras , Taylor William R. , Negaard Brianna J. , Gochanour Benjamin R. , Mahoney Douglas W. , Then Sara S. , Devens Mary E. , Foote Patrick H. , Doering Karen A. , Burger Kelli N. , Nikolai Brandon , Kaiser Michael W. , Allawi Hatim T. , Cheville John C. , Kisiel John B. , Gettman Matthew T.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Non-invasive assays are needed to better discriminate patients with prostate cancer (PCa) to avoid over-treatment of indolent disease. We analyzed 14 methylated DNA markers (MDMs) from urine samples of patients with biopsy-proven PCa relative to healthy controls and further studied discrimination of clinically significant PCa (csPCa) from healthy controls and Gleason 6 cancers. Methods: To evaluate the panel, urine from 24 healthy male volunteers with no clinical suspicion for PCa and 24 men with biopsy-confirmed disease across all Gleason scores was collected. Blinded to clinical status, DNA from the supernatant was analyzed for methylation signal within specific DNA sequences across 14 genes (HES5, ZNF655, ITPRIPL1, MAX.chr3.6187, SLCO3A1, CHST11, SERPINB9, WNT3A, KCNB2, GAS6, AKR1B1, MAX.chr3.8028, GRASP, ST6GALNAC2) by target enrichment long-probe quantitative-amplified signal assays. Results: Utilizing an overall specificity cut-off of 100% for discriminating normal controls from PCa cases across the MDM panel resulted in 71% sensitivity (95% CI: 49–87%) for PCa detection (4/7 Gleason 6, 8/12 Gleason 7, 5/5 Gleason 8+) and 76% (50–92%) for csPCa (Gleason ≥ 7). At 100% specificity for controls and Gleason 6 patients combined, MDM panel sensitivity was 59% (33–81%) for csPCa (5/12 Gleason 7, 5/5 Gleason 8+). Conclusions: MDMs assayed in urine offer high sensitivity and specificity for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. Prospective evaluation is necessary to estimate discrimination of patients as first-line screening and as an adjunct to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.
Clinical Characterization of Pathogens, Risk Factors and Quality of Life in an Observational Study of Native vs. Prosthetic Aortic Valve Endocarditis Surgery
Authors: Heller Anton , Zerdzitzki Matthäus , Hegner Philipp , Song Zhiyang , Schach Christian , Hitzenbichler Florian , Kozakov Kostiantyn , Thiedemann Claudius , Provaznik Zdenek , Schmid Christof , Li Jing
Published: August 2024

Background: Native (NVE) and prosthetic (PVE) aortic valve endocarditis (AVE) remain a surgical challenge with an ongoing trend towards more complex surgical procedures. Methods: First-time NVE was compared with PVE, focusing on pathogens, risk factors, perioperative course, postoperative follow-up, including recurrent infection, as well as health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Results: From 2007 to 2022, surgical intervention for AVE was necessary in 231 patients with 233 episodes of infective aortic valve endocarditis, i.e., there were only two cases of reinfection (NVE group). The study group consisted of 130 cases with NVE and 103 with PVE. Overall, a median of 40.3% of survivors were in NYHA class I or II. In-hospital mortality was higher in the PVE group with 13.3%. The most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus, with 24.9% across both groups. EuroSCORE II was higher in the PVE group (19.0 ± 14.3% total, NVE 11.1 ± 8.1%, PVE 27.8 ± 14.6%; p < 0.05), reflecting an older, more co-morbid patient cohort. Abscess formation was also more common in the PVE group, while vegetations were more common in the NVE group. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates did not differ significantly between NVE and PVE and were 74.4% and 52.2% for the NVE group, respectively, and 67.4% and 52.9% for the PVE group, respectively. The HRQOL as assessed by the Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire (MLHFQ) demonstrated no significant difference between both groups. Conclusions: Long-term survival and QoL after surgical treatment of infective aortic valve endocarditis are excellent and do not depend on the type of replacement.