bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Practical Proposal to Use Venuti’s ‘Minoritizing Translation’ for Native American Literature
Authors: Herrero López Isis
Published: September 2018

In a recent article, I argued that Native American literature, as a minor literature according to Deleuze and Guattari, is a great candidate for being translated in a minoritizing way, as proposed by Venuti. Since this literature is very popular in Spain –13 translations published in the 2010s–, I analysed the most recent translations of Sherman Alexie’s, Louise Erdrich’s and N. Scott Momaday’s novels and concluded that they were aimed at entertainment, at linguistic and syntactic fluency, and at over-refined stylistics. This kind of translation means, hence, the erasure of indigenous cultural and literary aspects from the target texts and the hiding of the socio-political implications of the source texts.
In the present article, I insist on the idea that Venuti’s ‘minoritizing translation’ can be adapted to attend to the minor literature features of American Indian books and, consequently, to produce culturally and socio-politically engaged translations. After revising Venuti’s proposal and Tymoczko’s criticism on it, I present a brief description of the translations of works by Alexie, Erdrich, Momaday and Zitkala-Ša, all published during the 2010s. Then, I detail the precise strategies that would help to emphasize the specific characteristics of this literature, and I compare passages from the published translations with my alternative minoritizing translations.
The Effect of Family APGAR Score on Depression Rate in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at First-Level Health Facilities
Authors: Mutmainah Annafsul , Kusnanto Hari , Hilman Oryzati
Published: September 2018

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of degenerative diseases. The prevalence of DM is increasing from year after year. The uncontrolled blood sugar level is associated with the incidence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, depression will increase the risk of micro and macrovascular complications, disability, and mortality. A functional family is needed for the successful treatment of T2DM patients. A family function assessment should be performed by a family physician as an effort to prevent the occurrence of depression. Family APGAR scores have been widely known among family medicine practitioners as a simple and fast tool for measuring the function of a family.Objectives: To determine the effect of family APGAR scores on the level of depression in patients with T2DM in first-level health facilities.Methods: This study is a quantitative analytic research with a cross-sectional design. A total of 98 T2DM patients as research subjects were measured using family APGAR score questionnaires. The result of the statistical analysis showed a significant effect of family APGAR scores on depression, with correlation strength (-0.364). Furthermore, the research subjects underwent measurement of the depression level by using the HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression) scale. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the effect of the family APGAR score and other factors on the level of depression.Results: Data collection from six first-level health facilities obtained 98 samples. Linear regression statistical analysis showed that there is a significant effect of family APGAR scores and age towards the level of depression with sig < 0.05 (0.000). Family APGAR scores and age contributed 10.6% in predicting the depression in the T2DM patient. Another 89.4% is explained by other factors which were not studied in this research.Conclusion: There is a significant effect of family APGAR scores and age on the level of depression in a T2DM patient in first-level health facilities.
Bor'un İnsan Sağlığı ve Beslenme Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Eseceli Hüseyin , AYDIN TUBA , GÖNEN BUKET
Published: September 2018

En zengin
kaynaklarının ülkemizde olduğu bilinen bor mineralinin, insan sağlığı üzerine
birçok metabolik ve biyokimyasal etkisi olduğu bilinmektedir. Bor, doğada
insanlar ve birçok tür için esansiyel bir iz elementtir. Bor topraktan
bitkilere, bitkilerden de beslenme yoluyla insanlara geçmektedir. Bor
mineralinin fazla veya eksik tüketimiyle birlikte insan vücudunda birçok
anormallik görülmektedir. Bor kalsiyum metabolizması, kemikler, immun sistem
başta olmak üzere beyin gelişimi, hormonal sistem ve kanseri etkilemektedir.
Ayrıca borun, gastrointestinal sistemi ve mineral metabolizmasını etkilediği de
bilinmektedir. Yetersiz bor alımının kemik sağlığının bozulmasına, osteoporoz
riskinin artmasına, beyin fonksiyonlarında bozulmalara ve bağışık cevabının
zayıflamasına neden olabildiği yapılan çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. En zengin
kaynakları bitkisel gıdalar olan bor; en fazla fındıklar, baklagiller, meyve ve
sebzelerde bulunur. Hem hayvan hem de insan çalışmalarında, günde 1.0 mg’ dan
az bor alımının borun sağlığa yararlı etkilerini engellediği gösterilmiştir. Bu
nedenlerle beslenmede uygun miktarda bor takviyesine önem verilmelidir. Bu
derlemede borun insan sağlığı üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi ve literatürün
özetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Farklı İçeceklerin Diş Rengindeki Restoratif Materyallerin Renk Stabiliteleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Yamanel Kıvanç
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Bu
in vitro çalışmanın amacı üç farklı diş rengindeki restoratif materyalin (bir
mikrohibrit kompozit rezin [Charisma [Heraeus-Kulzer] , bir nanohibrit kompozit
rezin [Ice [SDI] ve bir geliştirilmiş rezin modifiye cam iyonomer siman [ACTIVA
Restoratif [Pulpdent]) beş farklı renklendirici solüsyon (çay, kahve, kola,
kırmızı şarap ve distile su) içinde bekletilmesi sonrası renk stabilitelerinin
değerlendirilmesidir.

            Gereç
ve Yöntem:Her restoratif materyalden bir plastik kalıp kullanılarak 5 mm
çapında ve 2 mm kalınlığında 45 silindir şekilli örnek (toplam 135 örnek)
hazırlanmıştır. Bütün örnekler distile suda 24 saat bekletildikten sonra ilk
renk ölçümleri bir spektrofotometre kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. İlk renk
ölçümlerinden sonra örnekler rastgele beş gruba ayrıldı (n=9) ve beş farklı
renklendirici solüsyonda 28 gün boyunca bekletildi. Test periyodu süresince
solüsyonlar hergün yenilendi ve ikinci renk ölçümleri araştırmanın sonunda
alındı. Renk değişimleri (ΔE) hesaplandı ve Kruskal-Wallis Testi kullanılarak
istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.

            Bulgular:28
gün renklendirici solüsyonlarda bekletme sonrası test edilen materyallerin ΔE
değerleri 0.63 ile 27.55 arasında değişmekteydi. Test edilen bütün materyaller
için en yüksek ΔE değerleri örnekler kırmızı şarapta bekletildiğinde elde
edildi. Kırmızı şarap, kahve ve çay bütün test edilen materyallerde anlamlı
derecede renk değişimine neden oldu. Distile suda bekletilen restoratif
materyallerin rengi 28 günlük test süresi sonunda anlamlı derecede
değişmemiştir.

            Sonuç:
Kırmızı şarap, kahve ve çaya uzun süreli maruz kalma, test edilen
restoratif materyallerin renk stabilitelerini etkileyebilmektedir.
Diyet Yağlarının Alzheimer Hastalığı Patolojisi Üzerine Potansiyel Koruyucu Etkileri
Authors: KARAGÖZ Mustafa Fevzi , ACAR TEK Nilüfer
Published: September 2018

Alzheimer
hastalığı ilerleyici hafıza kaybı tablosuyla karakterize nörodejeneratif bir
hastalıktır. Öz bakım becerilerinde, bilişsel işlevlerinde yetersizlikler
görülmektedir. Patolojik olarak amiloid plaklarla özdeşleşmiş olsalar da tau
proteininin aşırı fosforillenmesi ve buna bağlı nörofibriler yumak oluşumu,
nöron kaybı Alzheimer hastalığı ile birlikte görülebilmektedir. Amiloid
plakların, tau proteinlerinin olumsuz etkisi, oksidatif strese yol açması,
glukoz homeostazının bozulması gibi birçok nedenden kaynaklanabilmektedir.
Patolojilere karşı geliştirilen tedavi yöntemleri de çeşitli olabilmektedir.
Oksidatif strese karşı antioksidanlardan zengin
beslenme, glukoz metabolizmasının bozulmasına karşı ketojenik diyet uygulamaları
Alzheimer hastalığının diyet tedavisi içinde yer almaktadır. Orta zincirli yağ
asitlerinin portal dolaşımdan hızlıca emilmeleri, β-oksidasyona ihtiyaç duymaksızın
alternatif enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılabilmesini sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca uzun zincirli n-3 grubu yağ asitlerinden eikosapentaenoik
asit (EPA) ve dekozahekzoenoik asit (DHA) antiinflamatuvar etkilerinden dolayı
bilişsel işlevleri geliştirici etkide bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede Alzheimer
hastalığından korunmada, ilerlemesinin geciktirilmesinde ve hastalığın
tedavisinde yağ asitlerinin metabolik süreçlerdeki etkileri irdelenmiştir.
The CRI-model: A domain-independent taxonomy for non-conformance between observed and specified behaviour
Authors: Haubeck Christopher , Pokahr Alexander , Reichert Kim , Hohenberger Till , Lamersdorf Winfried
Published: September 2018

Anomaly detection is the process of identifying nonconforming behaviour. Many approaches from machine learning to statistical methods exist to detect behaviour that deviate from its norm. These non-conformances of specifications can stem from failures in the system or undocumented changes of the system during its evolution. However, no generic solutions exist for classifying and identifying these non-conformances. In this paper, we present the CRI-Model (Cause, Reaction, Impact), which is a taxonomy based on a study of anomaly types in the literature, an analysis of system outages in major cloud companies and evolution scenarios which describe and implement changes in Cyber-Physical Production Systems. The goal of the taxonomy is to be usable for different objectives like discover gaps in the detection process, determine components most often affected by a particular anomaly type or describe system evolution. While the dimensions of the taxonomy are fixed, the categories can be adapted to different domains. We show and validate the applicability of the taxonomy to distributed cloud systems using a large data set of anomaly reports and cyber-physical production systems by categorizing common changes of an evolution benchmarking plant.
Approximate calculation of Tukey's depth and median with high-dimensional data
Authors: Bogicevic Milica , Merkle Milan
Published: September 2018

We present a new fast approximate algorithm for Tukey (halfspace) depth level sets and its implementation-ABCDepth. Given a d-dimensional data set for any d ? 1, the algorithm is based on a representation of level sets as intersections of balls in Rd. Our approach does not need calculations of projections of sample points to directions. This novel idea enables calculations of approximate level sets in very high dimensions with complexity that is linear in d, which provides a great advantage over all other approximate algorithms. Using different versions of this algorithm, we demonstrate approximate calculations of the deepest set of points ("Tukey median") and Tukey's depth of a sample point or out-of-sample point, all with a linear in d complexity. An additional theoretical advantage of this approach is that the data points are not assumed to be in "general position". Examples with real and synthetic data show that the executing time of the algorithm in all mentioned versions in high dimensions is much smaller than the time of other implemented algorithms. Also, our algorithms can be used with thousands of multidimensional observations.
Accounting Practitioners' Attitudes toward Accounting Harmonization: Adoption of IFRS for SMEs in Italy
Authors: Ghio Alessandro , Verona Roberto
Published: September 2018

This paper explores the logics that drive the attitudes of certified accounting practitioners for small firms (CAs) toward new accounting standards. It then unravels the heterogeneity within the accounting profession surrounding the accounting harmonization process. Through analysis of an extensive survey of 1,268 Italian CAs and of ten interviews with presidents of local professional associations regarding an ongoing accounting harmonization project (i.e., the IFRS for SMEs), we first document the coexistence of competitive logics in driving CAs' attitudes toward the new accounting standards. Second, we demonstrate the role of social characteristics in fragmenting the community of accounting professionals, particularly in expressing heterogeneous views on the IFRS for SMEs. This paper contributes to the literature on the relation between the accounting profession and accounting harmonization by illustrating the multifaceted attitudes of CAs toward a project of accounting harmonization. The results are also informative to policy makers in understanding the adoption and implementation process of new accounting standards.
The effect of oxygen concentration on embryo development and assisted reproductive technologies efficiency
Authors: Zhiryaeva E. A , Kiassov A. P , Rizvanov A. A
Published: September 2018

Many different factors have an effect on the preimplantation development of embryos under conditions in vitro. One of these factors is the oxygen concentration in the culture medium. Currently, IVF labs have ability to cultivate embryos either under conditions of atmospheric oxygen concentration or at low oxygen concentration (hypoxia). This review is focused on the analysis of up to date research and clinical results which are trying to establish an "optimal” composition of the gas mixture in the incubator to generate more viable embryos and increase the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies programs.
A Pan-Canadian Data Resource for Monitoring Child Developmental Health: The Canadian Neighbourhoods Early Child Development (CanNECD) Database
Authors: Janus Magdalena , Enns Jennifer , Forer Barry , Raos Rob , Gaskin Ashley , Webb Simon , Duku Eric , Brownell Marni , Muhajarine Nazeem , Guhn Martin
Published: September 2018

The Canadian Neighbourhoods Early Child Development (CanNECD) database is a unique resource for research on child developmental health and well-being within the socioeconomic and cultural context of Canadian neighbourhoods. This paper describes the CanNECD database and highlights its potential for advancing research at the intersection of child development, social determinants of health, and neighborhood effects.

The CanNECD database contains Pan-Canadian population-level child developmental health data collected through regional implementation of the Early Development Instrument (EDI), geo-coded information on residential neighbourhoods covering all of Canada, and socioeconomic and demographic variables from the Canada Census and Income Taxfiler database. The data are de-identified but linkable across datasets through use of common numeric sequences. The nearly 800,000 records spanning 2003-2014 and representing all Canadian provinces and territories (with the exception of Nunavut) are compiled in a secure electronic collection system at the Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada.

Early studies using the EDI demonstrated its utility as a tool for assessing child developmental health at a population level, and its potential for both community-level and large-scale monitoring of child populations. Research using the CanNECD database is now examining to what extent social determinants and the steepness of the social gradients of developmental health differ between geographical jurisdictions and between different sub-populations. We are also working to identify outlier neighbourhoods in which EDI scores are substantially higher or lower than predicted by a neighbourhood’s demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and exploring other potentially important determinants of children’s developmental health. Finally, we are examining the extent to which change-over-time in aggregate EDI scores vary geographically, and how well it coincides with changes in socioeconomic factors. Thus, the CanNECD database offers the opportunity for research that will inform national policies and strategies on child developmental health.
A Scholar-Rammal
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter introduces a Shiʻi scholar-rammal who helps shed light on the ambiguity of the occult sciences and the cautious sensibility that has been adopted by some Shiʻi jurists in relation to them. The rammal, Sayyed Ahmad Yazdi, was very different from other rammal. For example, he was less invested in shamanistic theatrics and more interested in fashioning himself as a Shiʻi scholar. The chapter narrates two of the stories told by Shaykh Yazdi in order to clarify some of the dangers mentioned by the Shiʻi jurists regarding the occult and against which they advised virtuous caution. These anecdotes, it suggests, were indicative of Shaykh Yazdi's contradictory figure as he is portrayed in the popular imagination and official discourse. His eccentricity may have been an asset given that his clients relied on his expertise in manipulating jinn and the powers of sorcery.
Metaphysical Pleasures
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines occult practices in terms of the metaphysical pleasures they provide by focusing on the domain of leisure and play. It first considers metaphysical pleasure arising from wonder and astonishment, with particular emphasis on how these emotions, typically known through the concepts of ʻajab and taʻajjub, have been understood in the premodern Islamic tradition. It then discusses the pleasures of contemporary aesthetic and literary consumption and how these pleasures are enabled by a trend toward subordinating the metaphysical to a set of secular sensibilities governing the appreciation of cinema, graphic arts, literature, and fashion. It shows that that each of these metaphysical pleasures provides rationalized pathways for approaching the metaphysical that do not require one to answer questions of truth or falsity.
Quantum Understanding
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter narrates a woman's spiritual journey that set the stage for her embrace of Cosmic Mysticism. The woman, Arezu Khanum, experienced two dramatic visions that had been crucial in forming her mystical sensibility, including her orientation toward Cosmic Mysticism. The first vision, of two glowing angels, stoked Arezu Khanum's interest in books about religion and metaphysics. The second came at a time when she was having a troubled relationship with her older son. The chapter examines how Arezu Khanum's visions opened her mind to scientific truths, particularly in the realm of quantum physics, and how all of her physical and psychological ailments were miraculously cured through metatherapy. Her emotional relationships, particularly with her sons and other family members, improved significantly. Furthermore, Arezu Khanum's account of her metaphysical adventures opens up a window onto multiple trends within the landscape of contemporary Iranian spirituality.
Scientific Virtues
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines how modern science provided the imaginative resources used by some moral reformers to define their own qualifications in terms of the virtues proper to scientific practice. Historians of science have long recognized the centrality of certain virtues and their atendant sensibilities and modes of comportment for disciplined scientific activity. The chapter first considers Mirza Khalil Khan Saqafi's contention that Spiritism taught forgiveness, sacrifice, charity, patience, duty, and respect for the Golden Rule, among other virtues, before discussing his moral ideas and his scientific interest in spirit communication as well as Naser Makarem Shirazi's views on the scientific virtues. It also describes Makarem's emphasis on the virtue of skepticism as proper to scientific discovery. Whereas Khalil Khan had discovered positive moral facts through his séances with the spirits of the dead, Makarem undercut such claims to moral truth—which he saw as anarchic—by discrediting the séance.
Wings of Imagination
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines imaginative uses of science to highlight the variety of ways in which scientific imaginaries permeate understandings of religious phenomena, even such central theological concepts as the Day of Judgment and divine rewards and punishments. A scientific imaginary consists of two things: first is an experimental template for transposing ways of knowing (concepts, models, methods, evidential considerations, styles of reasoning, interpretive schemas, subjective orientations, etc.) from one or more well-established contexts of scientific knowledge-practice to less-explored terrain. Second, a scientific imaginary comprises images and representations that capture a range of aspirations, hopes, fears, anxieties, and moral judgments attached to scientific knowledge and practice. The chapter considers three examples of self-consciously playful and tentative deployments of scientific imaginaries.
Metaphysics of Vision
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines how the mystic, as represented in his hagiographies, has managed to purify his conscience through arduous spiritual exercise, how this unpolluted conscience becomes an imaginative resource for ordinary believers to employ as instrument and technique in clarifying their own relationship to God, how the bureaucratization of piety enters the picture, and what consequences this process brings about for contemporary spirituality. One way in which the hagiographies of the mystics become entangled with governmental policies for cultivating a pious citizenry has to do with the criteria and practices through which pious individuals assess their own and others' status in the eyes of God. The chapter first provides an overview of Shiʻi mystical theology before discussing how some key concepts, including insight, extrasensory vision, and the imaginal manifestations of sin and virtue, have become available for ordinary, pious Iranians struggling to live virtuously in uncertain times.
Hagiographies Unbound
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines how the hagiographies of friends of God enable manifold readings that enable different forms of attachment to Islamic discourses of ethical self-care and spiritual wayfaring. On the one hand, these readings fully inhabit a mystically inclined Shiʻi tradition featuring proponents and detractors that are both powerful and influential. On the other hand, reading becomes an exercise in a kind of unspoken eclecticism that brings Islamic mysticism under the sign of a universal spirituality through the mediation of the imported sciences of metaphysics. The notion that the marvels of God's friends may be acquired through something other than pious discipline both depends on the Islamic mystical tradition and exceeds it. The chapter compares the search for technical formulas for securing pious self-certainty with other forms of metaphysical experimentation, namely, those that emphasize personal experience, empiricist methods, and scientific models.
The Measuring Process
Authors: von Neumann John
Published: September 2018

This chapter argues that, first, it is inherently correct that measurement or the related process of subjective perception is a new entity relative to the physical environment, and is not reducible to the latter. Indeed, subjective perception leads one into the intellectual inner life of the individual, which is extra-observational by its very nature, since it must be taken for granted by any conceivable observation or experiment. Nevertheless, it is a fundamental requirement of the scientific viewpoint—the so-called principle of psycho-physical parallelism—that it must be possible so to describe the extra-physical process of subjective perception as if it were in the reality of the physical world; i.e., to assign to its parts equivalent physical processes in the objective environment, in ordinary space.
The Opinion of Mankind
Authors: Sagar Paul
Published: September 2018

What is the modern state? Conspicuously undertheorized in recent political theory, this question persistently animated the best minds of the Enlightenment. Recovering David Hume and Adam Smith's underappreciated contributions to the history of political thought, this book considers how, following Thomas Hobbes's epochal intervention in the mid-seventeenth century, subsequent thinkers grappled with explaining how the state came into being, what it fundamentally might be, and how it could claim rightful authority over those subject to its power. Hobbes has cast a long shadow over Western political thought, particularly regarding the theory of the state. This book shows how Hume and Smith, the two leading lights of the Scottish Enlightenment, forged an alternative way of thinking about the organization of modern politics. They did this in part by going back to the foundations: rejecting Hobbes's vision of human nature and his arguments about our capacity to form stable societies over time. In turn, this was harnessed to a deep reconceptualization of how to think philosophically about politics in a secular world. The result was an emphasis on the “opinion of mankind,” the necessary psychological basis of all political organization. Demonstrating how Hume and Smith broke away from Hobbesian state theory, the book suggests ways in which these thinkers might shape how we think about politics today, and in turn how we might construct better political theory.
The Hoods
Authors: Hamill Heather
Published: September 2018

A distinctive feature of the conflict in Northern Ireland over the past forty years has been the way Catholic and Protestant paramilitaries have policed their own communities. This has mainly involved the violent punishment of petty criminals involved in joyriding and other types of antisocial behavior. Between 1973 and 2007, more than 5,000 nonmilitary shootings and assaults were attributed to paramilitaries punishing their own people. But despite the risk of severe punishment, young petty offenders—known locally as “hoods”—continue to offend, creating a puzzle for the rational theory of criminal deterrence. Why do hoods behave in ways that invite violent punishment? This book explains why this informal system of policing and punishment developed and endured and why such harsh punishments as beatings, “kneecappings,” and exile have not stopped hoods from offending. Drawing on a variety of sources, including interviews with perpetrators and victims of this violence, the book argues that the hoods' risky offending may amount to a game in which hoods gain prestige by displaying hard-to-fake signals of toughness to each other. Violent physical punishment feeds into this signaling game, increasing the hoods' status by proving that they have committed serious offenses and can “manfully” take punishment yet remained undeterred. A rare combination of frontline research and pioneering ideas, this book has important implications for our fundamental understanding of crime and punishment.
The Hoods
Authors: Hamill Heather
Published: September 2018

This chapter attempts to understand the behavior of the hoods by examining their specific offense patterns. It provides evidence that the hoods operate in a subculture of delinquency described as a way of life that has somehow become traditional. Sociologists studying offending among young people have provided two basic insights about juvenile delinquency: first, that it typically is not a solitary enterprise, but a group activity; and second, that delinquent activities, rather than being engaged in by biologically and psychologically abnormal individuals, typically develop in the sociological context of particular territorial locales and cultural traditions. In addition, it was recognized that delinquency took a number of forms and was engaged in for a variety of reasons.
Dis: Capitalist Exploitation as Force Contrary to Nature
Authors: Roberts William Clare
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines parts two and three of Capital, where Karl Marx claims to reveal “the secret of modern society,” the capitalist exploitation of labor power, and which corresponds to Dante's circles of force. Marx's critique of capitalist exploitation takes aim at “cleanly generated” capitalism. It is what capital does with and to labor power, rather than any distributional causes or effects, that constitutes exploitation. Capital bends labor power to an alien and unnatural end, using it to generate a surplus excessive of the aims and needs of the laborers. The monstrous productivity of capital—in particular, the overwork it enforces—is inherent in this mode of exploitation. The chapter first considers the views of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and the Saint-Simonians regarding exploitation before discussing the novelty of what Marx does with exploitation in Capital, drawing attention to his arguments on surplus labor.
Malebolge: The Capitalist Mode of Production as Fraud
Authors: Roberts William Clare
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines parts four through seven of Capital, where Karl Marx argues that capitalism is guilty of fraud. Rewriting Dante's long passage through the Malebolge (the ringed field where the sins of fraud are punished), Marx claims that the capitalist mode of production is a fraud, promising good but delivering evil. He insists that the accumulation of wealth as capital requires and creates a dependent population in excess of the demand for labor power. In order to appreciate Marx's distinctive approach to these matters, the chapter considers Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's writings, drawing special attention to the collective forces of production and the ontological status of association. It also discusses the three monsters of fraud mentioned by Marx in Capital, in particular the mechanism by which the surplus labor of the proletariat relates to the wages of labor.
Sleepwalking into a New World
Authors: Wickham Chris
Published: September 2018

Amid the disintegration of the Kingdom of Italy in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, a new form of collective government—the commune—arose in the cities of northern and central Italy. This book takes a bold new look at how these autonomous city-states came about, and fundamentally alters our understanding of one of the most important political and cultural innovations of the medieval world. The book provides richly textured portraits of three cities—Milan, Pisa, and Rome—and sets them against a vibrant backcloth of other towns. It argues that, in all but a few cases, the élite of these cities and towns developed one of the first nonmonarchical forms of government in medieval Europe, unaware that they were creating something altogether new. The book makes clear that the Italian city commune was by no means a democracy in the modern sense, but that it was so novel that outsiders did not know what to make of it. It describes how, as the old order unraveled, the communes emerged, governed by consular elites “chosen by the people,” and subject to neither emperor nor king. They regularly fought each other, yet they grew organized and confident enough to ally together to defeat Frederick Barbarossa, the German emperor, at the Battle of Legnano in 1176. This book reveals how the development of the autonomous city-state took place, which would in the end make possible the robust civic culture of the Renaissance.
Authors: Supriyadi Moch Fachri , Priadana Sidik , Setia Bayu Indra
Published: September 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kompensasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan di Restoran Kampoeng Daun Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Sampel adalah pegawai Restoran Kampoeng Daun yang berjumlah 60 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Dilihat dari analisis deskriptif dapat dilihat kompensasi, disiplin kerja dan kepuasan kerja karyawan masuk ke dalam kategori baik. Hasil dari analisis verifikatif menunjukkan bahwa kompensasi dan disiplin kerja mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan sebesar 66,9%. Secara parsial, kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja sebesar 35,4% dan pengaruh disiplin kerja sebesar 31,5%.
HAK ASASI MANUSIA DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Rahmawati Laila
Published: September 2018

This article tries to describe the concept of Human Rights in the West and the response of   Islam to them. In its history, it was Magna Charta   in England that initiated the formulation of Human Rights in the West in 1512. Then It was followed by The Bill of right in 1689; The American Declaration of Independence in 1776; and The French Declaration in 1789 that resulted in The rule of law.  Human Rights entered a new phase after The United Nations had declared the International Human Rights in

1984, that is The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. From that time on, Human Rights has become a global issue, continually discussed and responded to by many including Muslim scholars. In the West, the concept of Human Right is based merely on human values (anthropocentric) so that the responsibility is restricted to human beings.  Based  on  this,  this concept  is  different from  Islamic  concept  on  Human  Rights  because  the former is based on secular values  while the later is based on human values and divine values. Normatively, the idea of Human Rights is relevant to Islamic idea. The reason is that, based on their fitrah as creatures, human beings extremely expect the maintenance of their main needs (Al- umur al-Daruriyyah). Therefore, Human Rights are suitable with the purpose of syari’ah (maqasid al-Syari), that is to maintain religion, reason, heredity dan property.
Sobre Gleydi Sullón Barreto, Extranjeros integrados. Portugueses en la Lima virreinal, 1570-1680
Authors: Ciaramitaro Fernando
Published: September 2018

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Ni formas ni signos. El destino moderno de la imagen-fantasma
Authors: Puelles Romero Luis
Published: September 2018

Desde ciertos presupuestos exploratorios del “arte moderno” como destino de emergencia de la imagen-fantasma (a partir de la lectura del Sofista por Deleuze), se ensaya en estas páginas la posibilidad de que la soberanía de la imagen moderna no radique predominantemente en sus valores formales y de pureza, sino en su potencia de resistencia al entendimiento. Kant, Baudelaire y Lautréamont, en lo relativo a la definición de la imagen irreductible a percepción “realista”, o Ingres, el último Goya y un Manet más enigmático que meramente plasticista, nos orientan hacia aspectos (la querella de las imágenes contra los signos, las nociones de figura y extrañamiento) y autores (Redon, Picabia, entre otros) menos atendidos por la historiografía de las conquistas formales y “autonomistas”.
El Campo de Gibraltar a través del álbum de dibujos de Thomas Ender (1817)
Authors: Aranda Bernal Ana
Published: September 2018

Al inicio de su carrera, en 1817, el pintor austríaco Thomas Ender formó parte de la expedición científica que viajó a Brasil con el séquito de la archiduquesa Leopoldina de Habsburgo. Tenía la misión de documentar el recorrido, de manera especial aquellas tierras americanas sobre las que Austria esperaba ejercer control tras el matrimonio de la joven con el heredero del trono de Portugal. La parada técnica que habitualmente se realizaba en el puerto de Gibraltar se alargó más de lo previsto, dando lugar durante el mes de mayo y primeros días de junio, a que el artista plasmara distintos aspectos del paisaje, las ciudades de Gibraltar y Algeciras, el campo de Tarifa y los barcos de la Bahía. Esas representaciones constituyen el objeto de este estudio y forman parte de un álbum, denominado “Colección Rodolfo Garcia”, adquirido en 1937 por la Biblioteca Nacional de Brasil.
Bouchra Khalili
Authors: López Cuenca Rogelio
Published: September 2018

Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo, Sevilla. Del 2 de noviembre de 2017 al 4 de marzo de 2018
Рецензия на книгу Ислама Зарипова и Марата Сафарова «Ахметзян Мустафин: из истории ислама в СССР»
Authors: Oparin Dmitry
Published: September 2018

The book of Islam Zaripov and Marat Safarov is the result of a long and scrupulous historical and anthropological study.
Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio: política educacional ressignificada por professores de uma escola pública / High School National Evaluation Exam: educational policy resigned by public school teacher´s
Authors: Piunti Juliana Cristina Perlotti , Anunciato Rosa Maria Moraes
Published: September 2018

Este artigo aborda os resultados de uma pesquisa de natureza descritivo-analítica que buscou compreender a perspectiva dos professores de uma escola pública estadual paulista de ensino médio sobre as repercussões do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio na prática profissional docente. A partir da observação-participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas, buscou-se responder a questão norteadora do estudo: quais as perspectivas destes docentes sobre o ENEM e a repercussão desta política avaliativa em suas práticas pedagógicas? O eixo de análise centrou-se na reconstrução que os professores fazem da política avaliativa ao ressignificarem-na em suas práticas profissionais. Os dados obtidos indicam que, apesar de mudanças pontuais no trabalho do professor, a implantação de uma política educacional que não considera o processo formativo dos docentes, suas condições objetivas de trabalho e a perspectiva que eles têm dessa política enfraquece o seu potencial indutor de mudanças significativas no currículo, nas práticas docentes e na avaliação da aprendizagem.
Presentación
Authors: Paideia Surcolombiana Revista
Published: September 2018

La revista de la Facultad de Educación, amable lector, está otra vez en sus manos, en un formato nuevo, con un material actual y polémico. Este es el reto: reconstruir el conocimiento, con la idea que conocer es también aprender a actuar sobre el mundo, con el fin de transformarlo a nuestra imagen y semejanza. En esta construcción la Universidad vive tiempos álgidos, que se inscriben en un denominador común del mundo contemporáneo y es que la sociedad parece exigir más democracia que menos, en este sentido cobra importante significado el movimiento de la comunidad académica de finales del 2003. Solo el diálogo entre los científicos, los académicos y los políticos logrará una institución más participativa, comprometida con la justicia social, sin perder la rigurosidad científica.
The zeta potential calculation for fluid saturated porous media using linearized and nonlinear solutions of Poisson–Boltzmann equation
Authors: Duy Thanh Luong
Published: September 2018

Theoretical models have been developed to calculate the zeta potential based on the solution of the linearized approximation of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PB). The approximation is only valid for the small magnitude of the surface potential. However, the surface potential available in published experimental data normally does not satisfy that condition. Therefore, the complete analytical solution to the PB equation (nonlinear equation) needs to be considered. In this work, the comparison between the linearized and nonlinear solutions has been performed. The results show that the linearized solution always overestimates the absolute value of the electric potential in the electric double layer as well as the zeta potential. For a small magnitude of the surface potential, the electric potential distribution predicted from the linearized solution is almost the same as that predicted from the nonlinear solution. It is also shown that the zeta potential computed from the linearized PB solution closely matches with that computed from the nonlinear solution for the fluid pH = 5 - 8 and the shear plane distance of 2.4×10−10 m. Therefore, the solution of the linearized PB equation can be used to calculate the zeta potential under that condition. This is validated by comparing the linearized and nonlinear solutions with experimental data in literature.
The Study on the Reaction Order and Kinetics of Total Oxidation Reaction of m-xylene over LaMnO3 Perovskite Catalyst
Authors: Huyen Tran Thi Thu , Hue Dang Thi Minh , Mai Nguyen Thi Tuyet , Luyen Tran Thi , Lan Nguyen Thi
Published: September 2018

Gases of m-xylene is one of the popurlar toxic pollutants in the exhaust gases, it is emitted into the environment from factories and engines because the fuel in the engine does not burn completely. The best solution in order to remove this toxic gases of m-xylene to protect the environment is transforming them completely into CO2 and H2O by catalysts. Perovskite of LaMnO3 is one of the catalysts that was synthesized and studied the catalytic properties in total oxidation of m-xylene in our previous report. Obtained results showed that the LaMnO3 perovskite has good catalytic characterizations such as large surface area and the amount of α-oxygen adsorbed on the catalyst is large too. So, it exhibits a good catalytic activity in total oxidation of m-xylene at relatively low reaction temperature. In present work, the reaction order  and kinetics of this reaction are determined. The obtained results demonstrated that the reaction order value with respect to m-xylene is equal to about 1, to oxygene is proximately equal to 0 and the order of reaction is equal to about 1. Based on reaction order data, it was thought that the pathway of m-xylene oxidation by air oxygen  over LaMnO3 may be followed through which the Langmuir - Hinshelwood mechanism.

Keywords

Catalyst, perovskite, oxidation, m-xylene, kinetics

References

[1] Penã M.A and Fierro J.L.G (2001), << Chemical Stuctures and Performance of Perovskite Oxide>>, Chem. Rev, 101, pp 1981-2018. [2] Seiyama T., Yamazoe N. and Eguchi K. (1985), <>, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 24, pp. 19-27.[3] [3] Van Santen R. A., Neurock M. (2006), Molecular Heterogeneous catalysis, Wiley – VCH, pp.62-244. [4] Petrovics, Terlecki - Baricevic A., Karanovic Lj., Kirilov - Stefanov P. , Zdujic M., Dondur V., Paneva D., Mitov I., Rakic V. (2008), <>, Appl. Catal. B, Env., 79, pp. 186-198. [5] Spinicci R., Tofanari A., Faticanti M., Pettiti I. and Porta P. (2001), <>, J. Mole. Catal., 176, pp. 247-252. [6] Trần Thị Thu Huyền, Nguyễn Thị Minh Hiền, Nguyễn Hữu Phú (2006), <>, Hội nghị xúc tác và hấp phụ toàn quốc lần thứ IV, Tp. Hồ Chí Minh, Tr. 477-482.[7] Trần Thị Thu Huyền, Nguyễn Thị Minh Hiền, Nguyễn Hữu Phú (2009), <>, Tạp chí Hóa học, T.47 (6A), Tr 132-136.[8] Geoffrey C. Bond, Catherine Louis, David T. Thompson (2006), <>, Catalytic Science Series-Vol.6.
ETIKA LINGKUNGAN DAN KINERJA EKONOMI PADA UKURAN GLOBAL REPORTING INITIATIVE-G4
Authors: Setiawan Temy
Published: September 2018

The man–nature relationship has always been ambiguous, nature being seen as both a provider and an enemy. Environmental issue is a phenomena for most profit oriented organizations. They want to earn much profit in short term but they must keep in balance of nature for the future generation.  The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence environmental ethics to economic performances directly and using CSR as a mediating variable. This quantitative research use secondary data taken form 68 Indonesian company that published sustainability report for 2014. Quantitative content analysis was be used to process these information and were analyze via PLS SEM. There is no directly influence environmental ethics to economic performance. The role of CSR disclosure using 34 environmental indicators of GRI 4 is very important to explain the indirect influence of environmental ethics to economic performance. This paper explores the link between environmental ethics and economic performance directly and indirectly using CSR disclosure for environmental indicator as a mediating variable.
Major and Trace Elements in the Humic Acid
Authors: Kis Zoltán , Gméling Katalin , Kocsis Tímea , Osán János , Pocsai Mihály András , Tőkési Károly , Barna Imre Ferenc , Pádi Gyula
Published: September 2018

We present precise analysis of major and trace elements of the humic acid. We used three different element analytical techniques in our investigations as prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA), neutron activation analysis (NAA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was carried out. We identified 42 elements in our sample.
O ensino da leitura nas ementas de Língua Portuguesa em cursos de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica: uma realidade ou uma incógnita?
Authors: Machado Daiana De Avila , De Conto Janete Maria
Published: September 2018

Partindo do pressuposto de que o ensino da leitura é uma preocupação muito frequente no contexto escolar, este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa realizada nas ementas de Língua Portuguesa de cursos de nível médio, subsequente e superior do Instituto Federal Farroupilha – Campus Júlio de Castilhos, que teve como objetivo analisar e comparar as ementas de cursos de diferentes níveis de ensino em que deve constar o ensino de leitura. Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa maior desenvolvida durante o curso de mestrado da pesquisadora, realizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, em parceria entre o Colégio Técnico Industrial de Santa Maria e o Instituto Federal Farroupilha. Os aportes teóricos para embasar este estudo foram referenciados em: Geraldi (2003); Guedes e Souza (2011); Kleiman (2007, 2013); Koch e Elias (2015); Machado (2008); Marcuschi (2008); Minayo (2012); Schäfer (2011); Travaglia (2003), entre outros. Para dar conta dessa pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, foi necessária uma análise documental (Flores, 1994) e para a interpretação dos textos, uma análise discursiva (Moraes, 2003). Com o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa é possível que o professor reflita sobre o conteúdo previsto nas entrelinhas das ementas e sobre o quanto é grande a sua responsabilidade frente ao ensino da leitura, para que assim, possa desenvolver em suas aulas uma prática voltada para a autonomia do aluno.
Construção de uma política pública de Educação a Distância no Brasil: do global ao local
Authors: Barroso Lidiane Bittencourt , Peixoto Nirvan Hofstadler , Jurack Elaine Lucia , Maraschin Mariglei Severo
Published: September 2018

A Educação a Distância sempre esteve presente na educação brasileira, utilizando um meio tecnológico pertinente a cada novo evento histórico. No Brasil as primeiras experiências em ensino a distância, possivelmente não tenham sido registradas uma vez que os primeiros dados conhecidos são meados do século XX. O objetivo proposto deste artigo é enumerar alguns acontecimentos e instituições que se tornaram marcos históricos para a consolidação da atual oferta de educação profissional e tecnológica a distância e, apresenta-se a relação teoria-prática no Colégio Técnico Industrial de Santa Maria. Para a realização do estudo foi utilizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e qualitativa, possibilitando um resgate histórico do ensino a distância no Brasil, e também junto ao Colégio Técnico Industrial, a fim de obter um panorama das atividades desenvolvidas pelo Núcleo de Educação a Distância do Colégio Técnico Industrial. Os cursos a distância estão desenvolvendo e alavancando a educação no Brasil. A evolução de novas tecnologias da informação possibilitou sem discriminação o acesso à internet a grande número de cidadãos. Os cursos a distância aliam praticidade, flexibilidade e qualidade, proporcionando melhorias no desenvolvimento pessoal, profissional, além de viabilizar o acesso a todos os níveis de educação. As experiências do Núcleo de Educação a Distância do Colégio Técnico Industrial foram muitas e bem-sucedidas seja na ampliação de vagas nos cursos oferecidos pela ensino a distância, como possibilitando a qualificação na educação profissional e tecnológica não só para a comunidade de Santa Maria e região, mas também para todo o país.