bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who is watching over you? The role of shared identity in perceptions of surveillance
Authors: O'Donnell Aisling T. , Jetten Jolanda , Ryan Michelle K.
Published: March 2009

Two studies were conducted to investigate the role of social identity in appraisals of the purpose and acceptance of surveillance. In Study 1 (N = 112), a survey study demonstrated that there is a negative relationship between identification with one's city and the extent to which public closed circuit television (CCTV) surveillance is perceived as an invasion of privacy. This relationship was mediated by perceptions that the purpose of surveillance is to ensure safety. Study 2 (N = 139) manipulated identity salience at the sub‐group and superordinate level and the source of surveillance. Results demonstrated that surveillance originating from fellow sub‐group members was perceived as less privacy invading than surveillance originating from the superordinate group, but only when that sub‐group identity was salient. No differences in perceptions of privacy invasion were found when the more inclusive identity was made salient. We argue that whether surveillance is perceived as an invasion of privacy depends on the perceived social relationship with the source of the surveillance—surveillance is perceived as more acceptable when it originates from a group with which one identifies or shares an identity. Practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This article was published online on 25 February 2009. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 12 January 2010.
Electroporation‐mediated IL‐12 gene therapy in a transplantable canine cancer model
Authors: Chuang Tien‐Fu , Lee Shan‐Chih , Liao Kuang‐Wen , Hsiao Ya‐Wen , Lo Chia‐Hui , Chiang Bor‐Luen , Lin Xi‐Zhang , Tao Mi‐Hua , Chu Rea‐Min
Published: March 2009

Interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) is effective in treating many types of rodent tumors, but has been unsuccessful in most human clinical trials, suggesting that animal models of more clinical relevance are required for evaluating human cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we report on the effectiveness of gene therapy with plasmid encoding human IL‐12 (pIL‐12) through in vivo electroporation in the treatment of beagles with a canine tumor, the canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT). The optimal electroporation conditions for gene transfer into CTVTs were tested by luciferase activity and determined to be a voltage of 200 V and duration of 50 msec, with the number of shocks set at 10 pulses, and the use of an electrode with 2 needles. Under these conditions, intratumoral administration of as little as 0.1 mg pIL‐12 followed by electroporation significantly inhibited the growth of well‐established tumors and eventually led to complete tumor regression. Furthermore, local pIL‐12 treatment also induced a strong systemic effect that prevented new tumor growth and cured established tumors at distant locations. Intratumoral administration of pIL‐12 greatly elevated the IL‐12 level in the tumor masses, but produced only a trace amount in the serum. A high level of IFN‐gamma mRNA was also detected in the treated tumor masses. pIL‐12 gene therapy attracted significantly more lymphocytes infiltrating the tumors, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and the surface expression of MHC I and MHC II molecules on CTVT cells was greatly increased after pIL‐12 therapy. This treatment also induced apoptosis of the tumor cells as detected by Annexin V. More importantly, delivery of pIL‐12 with intratumoral electroporation did not result in any detectable toxicity in the dogs. We conclude that intratumoral electroporation of the pIL‐12 gene could cause profound immunologic host responses and efficiently treat CTVT in beagle dogs. The results also indicate that CTVT is an excellent large animal cancer model for testing immunogene therapies mediated by electroporation. © 2009 UICC
Proliferation and osteogenesis of immortalized bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in porous polylactic glycolic acid scaffolds under perfusion culture
Authors: Yang Jinfeng , Cao Cheng , Wang Wei , Tong Xiangmin , Shi Dongyan , Wu Fabai , Zheng Qiang , Guo Chunjuan , Pan Zhijun , Gao Changyou , Wang Jinfu
Published: March 2009

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, the life span of hMSCs during in vitro culture is limited. Human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) gene transduction could prolong the life span of hMSCs and maintain their potential of osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, hMSCs transduced with hTERT (hTERT‐hMSCs) could be used as a cell model for in vitro tissue engineering experiment because of its prolonged life span and normal cellular properties. A perfusion culture system for proliferation and osteogenesis of hTERT‐hMSCs or primary hMSCs in porous polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds is described here. A cell suspension of hTERT‐hMSCs or primary hMSCs (5 × 105 cells/250 μL) was seeded and then cultured for 12 days in porous PLGA scaffolds (10 mm in diameter, 3 mm in height) under both static and perfusion culture systems. The seeding efficiency, proliferation, distribution and viability, and osteogenesis of cells in scaffolds were evaluated. The perfusion method generated higher scaffold cellularity and proliferation of cells in scaffolds, and hTERT‐hMSCs showed the higher proliferation potential than primary hMSCs. Results from fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated homogeneous seeding, proliferation, and viability of hTERT‐hMSCs throughout the scaffolds in the perfusion culture system. On the contrary, the static culture yielded polarized proliferation favoring the outer and upper scaffold surfaces, and resulted in decreasing of cells in the central section of the scaffolds. A flow rate of 0.5 mL/min had an effect on osteogenic differentiation of cells in scaffolds. However, the osteogenic medium promoted the osteogenic efficiency of cells. Scaffolds with hTERT‐hMSCs had the higher osteogenesis than scaffolds with primary hMSCs. Thus, these results suggest that the flow condition not only allow a better seeding efficiency and homogeneity but also facilitate uniform proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hTERT‐hMSCs in scaffolds. hTERT‐hMSCs could be used as stem cell candidates for bone tissue engineering experiments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Dermis‐derived hydrogels support adipogenesis in vivo
Authors: Cheng Ming‐Huei , Uriel Shiri , Moya Monica L. , Francis‐Sedlak Megan , Wang Rui , Huang Jung‐Ju , Chang Shu‐Ying , Brey Eric M.
Published: March 2009

Biomaterials that support adipogenesis could contribute to tissue engineering therapies to be used as alternatives to traditional methods of tissue reconstruction and regeneration. We have recently shown that hydrogels comprised of urea soluble proteins and polysaccharides extracted from adipose tissue promote preadipocyte differentiation in vitro and adipogenesis in vivo. However, it is not clear if these findings result from the adipose tissue source of the extracts or if the technique isolates adipogenic factors from other tissues. The present study investigates whether the application of this technique to dermis samples would provide adipogenic hydrogels. Extracts from dermis assembled into hydrogels by either temperature or pH mechanisms. Both formulations supported preadipocyte differentiation in vitro and vascularized adipose formation in vivo. The temperature formulation of the gels induced more rapid adipose formation than the pH formulation in vivo. Interestingly, in comparison to our previous studies the dermis derived hydrogels had comparable adipogenic properties to adipose gels in vivo but not in vitro. Further study of these materials could lead to insight of the role of specific matrix properties on adipogenesis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Lack of stereoselectivity in the formation of thietane 1,1‐dioxide derivatives from anancomeric aminocyclohexenes
Authors: Bradamante P. , Forchiassin M. , Pitacco G. , Russo C. , Valentin E.
Published: March 2009

Two diastereoisomeric thietane 1,1‐dioxides are formed in the reaction of methanesulfonyl chloride with 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanone enamines in the presence of triethylaraine. Their structures and relative chemical stabilities are discussed.
A mass spectrometric study of 1,4‐dioxa‐8‐azaspiro[4.5]decane
Authors: Solomons William E.
Published: March 2009

The mass spectrum of 1,4‐dioxa‐8‐azaspiro[4.5]decane (4‐ethylenedioxypiperidine) showed a prominent peak at m/e 87. Ethylenedioxy ketals commonly give a fragment of m/e 86 and other fragments of higher mass than 87. A mechanism for formation of a m/e 87 fragment was formulated and evidence for this mechanism and the structure of the fragment was obtained by deuterium labelling. Structures and mechanisms of formation of other major fragments were also studied.
Synthesis of 1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′‐hexahydro‐3‐phenylspiro[isobenzofuran‐1,4′‐thiopyrans] and 1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′‐hexahydro‐3‐phenylspiro‐[isobenzofuran‐1,4′‐pyrans]
Authors: Bauer Victor J. , Ong Helen H. , Kosley Raymond W.
Published: March 2009

The 1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′‐hexahydro‐3‐phenylspiro[isobenzofuran‐1,4′‐thiopyran] ring system (2a) has been prepared from o‐bromobenzoic acid. The 1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′‐hexahydro‐3‐phenylspiro[isobenzofuran‐1,4′‐pyran] ring system (3a) has been prepared from 2‐bromobenzhydrol methyl ether. Several 3‐(dimethylaminoalkyl) derivatives of both 2a and 3a were prepared by lithiation followed by alkylation.
Interactions of nitrosonium salts with crown ethers
Authors: Heo Gwi Suk , Hillman Patrick E. , Bartsch Richard A.
Published: March 2009

Interactions of nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate with 18‐crown‐6, 15‐crown‐5, and 12‐crown‐4 in dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and nitromethane have been probed by a combination of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and conductance measurements. The stoichiometrics of the crown ether‐nitrosonium salt complexes were one mole of 18‐crown‐6 per mole of nitrosonium salt and two moles of 12‐crown‐4 per mole of nitrosonium salt in all solvents. For 15‐crown‐5, the one‐to‐one stoichiometry observed in acetonitrile and nitromethane changed to two moles of crown ether per mole of nitrosonium salt in dichloromethane. The nature of these complexes is discussed. Treatment of a solution of equimolar nitrosonium hexafluorophosphate and 18‐crown‐6 in dichloromethane with water produced hydronium hexafluorophosphate‐18‐crown‐6 complex.
alpha‐phenylpropionic acid derivatives. Synthesis and dethiation of 5‐benzoylbenzo[b]thiophene‐3‐carboxylic acid
Authors: Hannoun Mohammad , Kolbah Dragutin , Blaževié Nikola , Mihalić Mladen , Kajfež Franjo
Published: March 2009

The total synthesis of the title compound 8 started with p‐thiocresol which was acylated with oxalyl chloride to give compound 1. This product underwent a condensation reaction with chloroacetic acid under basic conditions yielding compound 2. Two different synthetic pathways were used to convert compound 2 into the title compound 8. The first consisted in decarboxylation of 2 to 3, which was then converted to the ester 4, which was brominated and the product 5 was subjected to a Friedel‐Craft's reaction with benzene. The resulting benzyl derivative 6 was oxidized to the benzoyl stage i.e. compound 7, which was finally hydrolyzed to 8. The second pathway was similar to the first one so that the steps of esterification, bromination, Friedel‐Craft's alkylation and oxidation started with the dicarboxylic acid 2. Thus compounds 12–16 were obtained, and the last product was decarboxylated to 8. The yields in both procedures were similar. Finally, the dethiation of compound 8 with Raney nickel afforded compounds 18, 19 and 20.
Polycyclic nitrogen compounds. Part I. Synthesis of new heterotricyclic quinoxalinones with bridgehead nitrogen atoms
Authors: Adegoke E. A. , Alo Babajide I. , Ogunsulire F. O.
Published: March 2009

New tricyclic quinoxalinone skeletons with a fully‐reduced ring ‘C’ ‐1,2,3,3a‐tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2‐α]quin‐oxalin‐4‐one (I‐II) and 7,8,9,10‐tetrahydropyrido[1,2‐α]quinoxalin‐6‐one (III‐IV) derivatives were obtained by selective hydrogen transfer reductive cyclisation of N‐(2‐nitrophenyl)pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid esters and N‐(2‐nitrophenyl)piperidine‐2‐carboxylic acid esters (VIa,b and VIIIa,b), respectively.
The synthesis of medium‐sized cyclic lactams by the intramolecular friedel‐crafts cyclization of isocyanates. Formation of novel pyrazolo[3,4‐c]benzolactams
Authors: Butler Donald E. , Alexander Susan M.
Published: March 2009

A series of 4‐ω‐phenylalkyl substituted‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amines has been synthesized from the corresponding α‐acetylphenylalkanenitriles and methylhydrazine. They were converted into the corresponding 5‐isocyanates and cyclized under Friedel‐Crafts conditions to medium‐sized cyclic lactams. The reaction was shown to give the 7‐, 8‐, 9‐, and 10‐membered lactams but failed to yield the 11‐membered lactam. Rings synthesized were: pyrazolo[3,4‐c][2]benzazepin‐2(1H)‐one; 10H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐c][2]benzazocin‐10‐one; pyrazolo[3,4‐c][2]benzazonin‐11(1H)‐one; 12H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐c][2]benzazocin‐12‐one.
Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic and natural products. Part 979. Attempted asymmetric synthesis of yohimbol by photocyclization of the enamide
Authors: Kametani Tetsuji , Takagi Nanami , Kanaya Naoaki , Honda Toshio , Fukumoto Keiichiro
Published: March 2009

An asymmetric synthesis of yohimbane alkaloid has been attempted by the photolysis of the corresponding enamide (3) as a key reaction.
Tautomerism in 3‐ethoxy‐5‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazole
Authors: Litchman William M.
Published: March 2009

The cmr spectrum of the title compound was observed at several temperatures and assigned based on a tautomeric exchange requiring that the N(1)‐H compound be present to the extent of 70%.
New tetracyclic ring systems. Synthesis of 1H‐oxazolo[5,4,3‐kl]phenothiazines and [1,4]oxazino[2,3,4‐kl]phenothiazines
Authors: Nodiff Edward A. , Taunk Prakash C.
Published: March 2009

1‐Hydroxyphenothiazine was converted to 1H‐oxazolo[5,4,3‐kl]phenothiazin‐1‐one, 1H‐oxazolo[5,4,3‐kl]‐phenothiazine‐1‐thione,[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4‐kl]phenothiazin‐1(2H)one and [1,4]oxazino[2,3,4‐kl]phenothiazine‐1,2‐dione. Also prepared from 1‐hydroxyphenothiazine were the N‐chloroacetyl derivative, the O‐chloroacetyl derivative, the N,O‐di(chloroacetyl) derivative and the sulfoxide.
Synthèse spécifique de pyrimidines. Formation conccurentielle de pyrimidines et de triazépines
Authors: Mérour J. Y.
Published: March 2009

La condensation d'ortho aminoesters avec l'éthoxyméthylène cyanoacétate d'éthyle conduit à des composés du type ortho (cyano‐2′ éthoxycarbonyl‐2′) vinylaminoester 1. Iis subissent un déplacement nucléofuge du groupement cyanoacétate d'éthyle sous Taction de l'hydrazine ou de la méthylhydrazine pour donner exclusivement des composés de la famille des pyrimidines 3 ou 4. Ces pyrimidines peuvent ětre mono ou diacétylées. Par contre, l'action de Torthoformiate d'éthyle ou de l'orthoacétate d'éthyle sur divers ortho aminohydrazides donne un mélange de pyrimidines et de triazépines.
Synthesis of Δ1[9]‐ and/or Δ8[9]‐dehydroindolizidines and related compounds
Authors: Miyano Seiji , Fujii Shinichiro , Yamashita Osamu , Toraishi Naoko , Sumoto Kunihiro
Published: March 2009

A facile synthesis of Δ1[9]‐ and/or Δ8[9]‐dehydroindolizidine and related compounds, consisting of dry distillation of γ‐(N‐2‐piperidinonyl)butyric acid over soda‐lime, is described. Reductions of these dehydroindolizidines and stereochemistry of 1‐methylindolizidine are also described.
Convenient preparation of 2‐benzoxazolinones with 1,1‐carbonyldiimidazole
Authors: Nachman Ronald J.
Published: March 2009

A convenient and general preparation of 2‐benzoxazolinones from 2‐aminophenols with 1,1‐carbonyldiimidazole is described. Included is a discussion of a much improved synthesis of the reproductive‐stimulant 6‐methoxy‐2‐benzoxazolinone (6‐MBOA) that utilizes this procedure.
Solvolysis of di‐2‐pyridylketone methiodide
Authors: Williams R. L. , Neergaard Sandra
Published: March 2009

Di‐2‐pyridylketone methiodide undergoes a facile nucleophilic substitution reaction with various alcohols followed by subsequent cleavage and elmination of pyridinium methiodide and the correspoing picolinates.
Oxydation d'hydrazones par le bioxyde de plomb: Nouvelles synthèses d'oxadiazoles‐1,3,4 et de dérivés de l'amino‐4 triazol‐1,2,4 one‐5
Authors: Milcent René , Barbier Géo
Published: March 2009

L'oxydation des aroylhydrazones d'aldéhydes aromatiques, par le bioxyde de plomb, dans l'acide aceti‐que, constitue une nouvelle méthode d'accés, simple et rapide, aux oxadiazoles‐1,3,4 correspondants. Dans le diméthylformamide, et en presence du měme oxydant, les carbodihydrazones d'aldéhydes aromatiques con‐duisent aux aryl‐3 arylidéneamino‐4 triazol‐1,2,4 ones‐5 correspondantes. Plusieurs mécanismes radicalaires sont proposés.
Synthesis of 2‐hydroxycarbamazepine. A metabolite of carbamazepine
Authors: Chang Vincent H. T.
Published: March 2009

The synthesis of 2‐hydroxycarbamazepine, a metabolite of carbamazepine in man, from 2‐hydroxyimino‐stilbene or 2‐hydroxyiminodibenzyl is described.
Synthesis and stereochemical assignment of endo‐7‐phenyl‐2,5‐dioxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
Authors: Hobbs Gregory D. , Woodyard James D. , Curtis John R.
Published: March 2009

The synthesis and stereochemical assignment of endo‐7‐phenyl‐2,5‐dioxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane is reported.

The stereochemical assignment was made based on both spectral and chemical data.
Synthesis and characterization of 1H‐benz[f]indole‐4,9‐dione and the related dihydroxy derivative
Authors: Malesani Giorgio , Ferlin Maria Grazia , Masiero Sergio
Published: March 2009

Dehydrogenation and contemporaneous demethylation of the parent 4,9‐dimethoxy‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐1H‐benz[f]indole (2) yielded the expected aromatization products 4 and 5 (1H‐benz[f]indole‐4,9‐dione and 4,9‐di‐hydroxy‐1H‐benz[f]indole, respectively).
Synthesis of a novel analog of nalidixic acid: 1‐Ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(trifluororaethyl)‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐ 3‐carboxylic acid
Authors: Singh Baldev , Lesher George Y.
Published: March 2009

Reaction of nalidixic acid (1) with thionyl chloride and subsequent treatment with ethanol gave a mixture of ethyl 1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(trichloromethyl)‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylate (3) and diethyl 1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3,7‐dicarboxylate (4). Ethyl1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(trichloromethyl)‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylate (3) was reacted with antimony pentafluoride to afford 1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(trifluoromethyl)‐l,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid (5).
Reaction of substituted sulfenes with N,N‐disubstituted α‐amino‐methyleneketones. I. Synthesis of N,N‐disubstituted cis‐ and trans‐4‐amino‐3,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐3‐phenyl‐1,2‐benzoxathiin 2,2‐dioxides
Authors: Bargagna Alberto , Bignardi Gaetano , Schenone Pietro , Longobardi Mario
Published: March 2009

The polar 1, 4‐cycloaddition of phenylsulfene (generated in situ from phenylmethanesulfony] chloride and triethylamine) to N, N‐disubstituted (E)‐2‐aminomethylenecyclohexanones I gave in general a mixture of N, N‐disubstituted cis‐ and trans‐4‐amino‐3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8‐hexahydro‐3‐phenyl‐1, 2‐benzoxathiin 2, 2‐dioxides III and IV, which were separated by column chromatography and whose structural and conformational features were determined from uv, ir and nmr spectral data. In the case of N, N‐diisopropylamino enaminone 1c, the cyclo‐addition took place with elimination of an alkyl group as propene to give the adduct IIIℓ.
Dihydropyridazines. III . Reactions with oxygen
Authors: Baker James , Hedges Winston , Timberlake Jack W. , Trefonas Louis M.
Published: March 2009

The reactions of oxygen with a series of dihydropyridazines have been explored. The primary reaction other than aromatization appears to occur from the 1, 4‐dihydro tautomer. A single crystal x‐ray structure has been determined on the product from the reaction of oxygen with 3, 6‐diphenyl‐4, 4‐dimethyl‐1, 4‐dihydropyridazine.
The chemistry of polycyclic arene imines. II. Photochemistry of phenanthrene 9,10‐imine and of its N‐butyl derivative
Authors: Weitzberg Moshe , Avnir David , Aizenshtat Zeev , Blum Jochanan
Published: March 2009

The uv irradiation of phenanthrene 9, 10‐imine has been shown to give 9H‐tetrabenzo[a, c, g, i]carbazole as the major photo‐product both in argon purged acetone and in dichloromethane. Phenanthrazine, N‐9‐phenanthrenyl‐9‐phenanthrenamine and phenanthrene were formed in smaller quantities. 9‐Phenanthrenamine was found to be a minor by‐product. N‐Butylphenanthrene 9, 10‐imine yielded under similar conditions phenanthrene and N‐butyl‐9‐phenanthrenamine as the only isolable polycyclic compounds. In the presence of air the substituted imine gave mainly 2‐propylphenanthro[9, 10‐d]oxazole.
Effect of metal ions in organic synthesis. Part XIV. A mild, simple, and convenient method for the synthesis of 1‐(arylamino)pyrrole derivatives by copper(II) ion‐catalyzed reaction of (arylazo)alkenes and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds
Authors: Attanasi Orazio , Bonifazi Paola , Buiani Franca
Published: March 2009

A mild, simple and convenient method for the synthesis of some 1‐(arylamino)pyrrole derivatives by copper(II) ion‐catalyzed reaction of (arylazo)alkenes and 1, 3‐dicarbonyl compounds is reported. These reactions take place under magnetic stirring at room temperature, do not require a strong acid or base, nor expensive or difficultly available reagents, nor even complicated procedures. The synthesis seems to be successfully applicable to different (arylazo)alkenes, 1, 3‐diketones and ß‐ketoesters, and frequently occurs with good yields.
Synthèse d'analogues acycliques de C‐nucléosides
Authors: Babin Fabienne , Dinh Tam Huynh , Igolen Jean
Published: March 2009

Synthèse d'analogues acycliques de nucléosides où la chaîne est liée à la base hétérocyclique par une liaison carbone‐carbone. Nous décrivons une méthode directe pour la préparation de dérivés de la guanine et de la s‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine.
Spectrométrie de masse. Fragmentations induites par impact électronique d'amino et de diméthylaminopyrimidines
Authors: Riand J. , Brun J. P.
Published: March 2009

Les séquences de fragmentation, induites par impact électronique de trois aminopyrimidines et de quatre dimeéthylaminopyrimidines sont envisagées. Alors que dans le cas des aminopyrimidines la séquence principale de fragmentation correspond à une perte d'acide cyanhydrique, pour les diméthylaminopyrimidines deux séquences prépondérantes sont observées: ‐élimination d'un radical méthyle; ‐élimination de méthylènimine CH2NH. La présence de l'ion HNMe2+− dans le cas de la diméthylamino‐4 pyrimidine permet de différencier ce composé de son homologue en position 2.
The chemistry of 2H‐3,1‐benzoxazine‐2,4(1H)‐dione (isatoic anhydride). 10. Reactions with ester enolates. Synthesis of 4‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐3‐prenyl‐2(1H)‐quinolinones, Crucial intermediates in the synthesis of quinoline alkaloids
Authors: Coppola Gary M.
Published: March 2009

N‐Methylisatoic anhydride reacts with the lithium enolates of esters to produce β‐ketoesters 4 in nearly quantitative yield. Thermal cyclization of these relatively unstable intermediates afford the corresponding 3‐substituted‐4‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2(1H)‐quinolinones (5) in good yields. The reaction of the lithium enolate of 5‐methyl‐4‐hexenoic acid ethyl ester (14) with various nuclear substituted isatoic anhydrides gives 4‐hydroxyl‐methyl‐3‐prenyl‐2(1H)‐quinolinones 8, 9, and 18 which are highly desirable intermediates in the synthesis of a variety of quinoline alkaloids. Treatment of 18 with DDQ furnishes oricine in 73% yield.
Ring closure reactions involving 1‐hydrazinophthalazine. Reactions with 1,2,4‐tricarbonyl and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds
Authors: Amer Adel , Zimmer Hans
Published: March 2009

Annelation reactions of six‐membered rings to 1‐hydrazinophthalazine, 1, were investigated. With aroyl‐(acyl)pyruvates, 2, the desired system was obtained. It was found that the course of the reaction depends on the reaction condition as well as the substituted pyruvates. Thus, 3‐(2‐oxo‐2‐substituted ethyl)‐4H‐as‐triazino‐[3,4‐a]phthalazin‐4‐one, 4, was the product when 1 reacted with 2 in alcoholic medium. The side chain tauto‐merism of 4 was studied by using ir, 1H‐nmr, and ms spectral methods. When 1 hydrochloride instead of 1 was reacted with 2, 3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐s‐triazolo[3,4‐a]phthalazine, 6, was the major product. The reaction of 1 with benzoylacetone in ethanol afforded the hydrazalone, 9. By ir, 1H‐nmr, and 13C‐nmr methods it was shown that in solution it is inolved in an enhydrazine‐hydrazone as well as a ring‐chain tautomerism. Compound 9 upon the action of PPA underwent dehydrative cyclization to 3‐methyl‐s‐triazolo[3,4‐a]phthalazine, 10, and 3‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐1‐(l‐phthalazinyl)pyrazole, 7. The reaction of 1 with ethyl phenylpropiolate in ethanol was reported by others to give 1‐(1‐phthalazinyl)‐3‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolone, 8. Upon reinvestigation of this reaction it is shown that the product actually is ethyl β‐(1‐phthalazinylhydrazono)benzenepropanoate, 11. Attempts to synthesize 8 were unsuccessful by this method. In the reaction of 1 with ethyl benzoylacetate the expected hydralazone 11 was easily formed which upon reaction with PPA yielded the desired species 8.
Condensed 1,2,4‐triazines. Regioselective condensations with benzo[h]quinoline‐5,6‐dione
Authors: Eid Mohga M. , Badawy Mohamed A. , Ibrahim Yehia A.
Published: March 2009

Benzo[h]quinoline‐5,6‐dione condenses with semicarbazide and its derivatives regioselectively at the 6‐position and the products cyclize into the corresponding condensed 1,2,4‐triazines. Reactions of the obtained triazines with a variety of reagents are described.
Imdazole systems. I. Imidzo[2,1‐b][1,3,5]benzothiadiazepine derivatives as potential antipsychotic agents
Authors: Vecchia Laurence Delia , Dellureficio James , Kisis Biruta , Vlattas Isidoros
Published: March 2009

Imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,5]benzothiadiazepine 3 constitutes a novel ring system, and its analogs 3a‐i were synthesized to investigate their potential antipsychotic activity. The synthesis of the ring system was achieved by reaction of 2‐aminophenylthioimidazoles 7 with phosgene or thiophosgene and by ring closure of the 1‐[2‐(2‐imidazolyl)thiophenyliminocarbonyl]‐1‐piperazines 13. An efficient method for the conversion of thioureas 8, 12 to guanidine 3a via the corresponding cyanothioamidines 11, 14 was developed.
Assignment of the 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra of phenanthro[1,2‐b]thiophene through the concerted application of two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Martin Gary E. , Smith Stanford L. , Layton W. John , Willcott M. Robert , Iwao Masatomo , Lee Milton L. , Castle Raymond N.
Published: March 2009

Two‐dimensional nmr spectroscopy, by virtue of its second frequency domain which permits the segregation of spectral information along two frequency axes, considerably simplifies many assignment problems and facilitates others which may be impossible using conventional nmr methodology. A compound which falls into the latter category of assignment problem is phenanthro[1,2‐b]thiophene. The assignment of the 1H‐ and 13C‐nmr spectra of phenanthro[1,2‐b]thiophene are, however, reported through the concerted application of two‐dimensional nmr techniques. Experiments utilized in making the assignments included: auto‐correlated homonuclear (COSY) two‐dimensional spectroscopy; heteronuclear two‐dimensional J‐resolved spectroscopy; proton‐carbon chemical shift correlation two‐dimensional spectroscopy; and two‐dimensional 13C‐13C double quantum coherence spectroscopy.
A new synthesis of symmetrical 2,5‐diaryl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles
Authors: Mazzone Gioacchino , Puglisi Giovanni , Bonina Francesco , Corsaro Antonino
Published: March 2009

Treatment of aromatic aldehydes with sulfur and hydrazine hydrate in the ratio 1:2:3, respectively, under the Willgerodt conditions affords the title compounds in excellent yields and in a good state of purity. Under the same conditions 2‐chloro and 2,6‐dichlorobenzaldehyde yield 3H‐1,2‐benzodithiole‐3‐thione and bis‐(2,6‐dichlorobenzyl)tetrasulfide, respectively.
Nitrophenyl derivatives of the furazan and furoxan ring systems
Authors: Calvino R. , Ferrarotti B. , Gasco A. , Serafino A.
Published: March 2009

The preparation of some nitrophenyl derivatives of the furazan and furoxan ring systems is reported. The results of an antimicrobial screening on these compounds are also briefly discussed.
Synthesis of the metabolites of oxapadol, a new non‐narcotic analgesic agent
Authors: Guerret Patrick , Ancher Jean‐François , Langlois Michel
Published: March 2009

Different metabolites (2‐7) of oxapadol 1 were carried out from 3 by known methods. Their acidic hydrolysis provided compounds 4 in which the dioxolane moiety was opened. The reaction of glycerol with compounds 3 gave the dioxolane derivatives 5 which have a hydroxymethyl group and which (R = H) gave by oxidation the carboxylic acid 7. From 3 (R = H), the hydroxy acid 6 has been also prepared.
The synthesis of 1,4‐ethano‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines as rigid analogues of adrenergic agents
Authors: Muellner Frank W. , Bauer Ludwig
Published: March 2009

The Diels‐Alder addition of benzyne and 4,5‐dimethoxybenzyne to 1‐(2‐trans‐phenylvinyl)‐2‐pyridone and 1‐benzyl‐3‐benzyloxy‐2‐pyridones provided members of the 1,4‐etheno‐3‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline system. Catalytic reduction of these adducts yielded the corresponding tricyclic lactams. Lithium aluminum hydride reduction of these lactams produced a number of 1,4‐ethano‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines.
The synthesis of 4H‐imidazo[5,1‐c][1,4]benzothiazine derivatives
Authors: Fryer R. Ian , Lauer Rudolph F. , Trybulski Eugene J. , Vitone Stephen , Walser Armin , Zenchoff Gladys
Published: March 2009

A facile synthesis of the 4H‐imidazo[5,1‐c][1,4]benzothiazine ring system is described. The synthesis utilized the annulation of an imidazole ring onto a 2H‐1,4‐benzothiazin‐3(4H)‐one via the addition of the anion of ethyl isocyanoacetate. Methods for the functionalization of the 1‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐positions of the ring system are presented.
Reaction of acetylenic ketones with hydrazine derivatives. Synthesis of hydroxypyrazoles
Authors: Al‐Hajjar Farouk S. , Sabri Salim S.
Published: March 2009

Aroylphenylacetylenes Ia‐c react with (‐butyl hydrazinecarboxylate (IIa) and 2‐furylhydrazide (IIb) to give the corresponding hydroxydihydropyrazole derivatives IVa‐f. This cyclic structure is supported by chemical transformations. Thus, when compounds IVa‐c are heated with acetic anhydride, they yield the corresponding 5‐aryl‐1‐(t‐butoxycarbonyl)‐3‐phenylpyrazoles Va‐c which, upon hydrolysis with methanolic potassium hydroxide, produce the corresponding 5(3)aryl‐3(5)phenylpyrazoles VI. Spectroscopic data also confirm the suggested cyclic structure IV.
Heterocyclen aus α‐nitroolefinen. X . Verseifung von 3‐pyrrolcarbonsäureestern mit acetessigsäure‐ und malonsäurederivaten als stickstoffsubstituenten
Authors: Boberg Friedrich , Garburg Karl‐Heinz , Görlich Karl‐Joachim , Pipereit Eberhard , Ruhr Maria
Published: March 2009

Bei der alkalischen Verseifung der N‐substituierten 3‐Pyrrolcarbonsäureester 7, 9, 12, die auch am Stickstoffsubstituenten eine verseifbare Gruppe haben, reagiert bevorzugt die Estergruppe am Heterocyclus.
Mass spectrometry and chemical synthesis. The case of some substituted Spiro[1,3‐benzodioxole‐2,1′‐cyclohexanes]
Authors: Podda Gianni , Fadda Anna Maria , Maccioni Anna Maria , Pelli Beatrice , Traldi Pietro
Published: March 2009

The electron impact mass spectrometric behaviour of some substituted spiro[1,3‐benzodioxole‐2,1′‐cyclohexanes] has been studied in detail with the aid of linked scans and exact mass measurements. Mass spectrometry has proved to be a valid tool in the structural characterization of the different couples of isomers.
Carbon 13 NMR spectra of pyridylbenz‐X‐azoles
Authors: Savarino Piero , Carpignano Rosarina , Viscardi Guide , Barni Ermanno , Ferrero Giovanni
Published: March 2009

The 13C nmr spectra of a series of pyridylbenzimidazoles and benzoxazoles and of their quaternary salts have been determined. The mutual effects of the two heterocyclic systems and the effect of the quaternization have been discussed. The results evidence the existence of some interactions between benzimidazole and pyridine moieties.
Reaction of 2, 2′‐dithiodianiline with 2‐alkyl‐1, 3‐diketones. Synthesis and chemical behaviour of some 2‐acyl‐2h‐1, 4‐benzothiazines
Authors: Trapani Giuseppe , Latrofa Andrea , Reho Antonia , Liso Gaetano
Published: March 2009

The reactions of 2, 2′‐dithiodianiline 1 with 2‐alkyl‐1, 3‐diketones 2a‐d have been employed in order to synthesize 2‐acyl‐2H‐1, 4‐benzothiazines. In the cases of 2a, b the expected 2‐acyl‐2H‐1, 4‐benzothiazines, i.e. 3a, b were obtained, whereas the reactions of 1 with the 1, 3‐diketones 2c, d afforded the α‐ketosulfide 12 and the 1, 4‐benzothiazine 17, respectively. The products 3a, b underwent the hydrolytic C2‐C3 bond cleavage of the thiazine nucleus to give the α‐ketosulfides 6 and 11, respectively. Such an hydrolytic process explains the formation of the compound 12 in the reaction of 1 with 2c. The formation of 17 in the case of 2d is considered to be formed through a rearrangement involving the 1, 3‐sulfur shift of the preformed 1, 4‐benzothiazine 3d.
The first synthesis of thieno[c]isoquinolines and an improved synthesis of phenanthridine and thieno[c]quinolines through pd(0) catalyzed coupling of ortho‐formylarylboronic acids with functionalized aryl halides
Authors: Yang Youhua , Hörnfeldt Anna‐Britta , Gronowitz Salo
Published: March 2009

All three isomeric hitherto unknown thieno[c]isoquinolines have been synthesized in high yields by the Pd(0)‐catalyzed coupling of 2‐formylbenzeneboronic acid with t‐butyl‐N‐(ortho‐halothienyl)carbaniates. When 2‐bromoacetanilide, instead of 2‐bromoaniline, was coupled with orth‐formylarylboronic acids under Pd‐catalysis, phenanthridine and thieno[c]quinolines were obtained in improved yields.

Total assignments of 1H nmr spectra of thieno[c]isoquinolines and thieno[c]quinolines are reported. Assignments are based on high resolution 300 MHz 1H nmr spectra, two‐dimentional 1H‐13C chemical shift correlation spectra and one‐dimentional INADEQUATE 13C nmr spectroscopy.
Synthesis of N‐[4‐[2‐(2,4‐Diamino‐1,6‐dihydro‐6‐oxo‐5‐pyrimidinyl)‐ethylamino]benzoyl]‐L‐glutamic acid. An acyclic analogue of 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrofolic acid
Authors: Kelley James L. , Mclean Ed W.
Published: March 2009

The synthesis of N‐[4‐[2‐(2,4‐diamino‐1,6‐dihydro‐6‐oxo‐5‐pyrimidinyl)ethylamino]benzoyl]‐L‐glutamic acid (2), a two carbon analogue of 5‐DACTHF (1) and an acyclic analogue of 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrofolic acid, is reported. The pyrimidinylacetaldehyde diethyl acetal 3, which was prepared in 2‐steps from 2‐chloro acetaldehyde diethyl acetal, was converted to 2 in four steps. Compound 2 was less cytotoxic toward Detroit 98 or L cells than 5‐DACTHF (1).
4‐ and 5‐trifluoromethylimidazoles. Novel cyclization of trifluoroacetylated aldehyde dimethylhydrazones
Authors: Kamitori Yasuhiro , Hojo Masaru , Masuda Ryōtichi , Ohara Seiji , Kawasaki Kazuyoshi , Kawamura Yoshihiko , Tanaka Masakazu
Published: March 2009

Thermally induced cyclization reaction of trifluoroacetylated arylaldehyde dimethylhydrazones 1 in refluxing toluene afforded 1‐methyl‐4‐aryl‐5‐trifluoromethylimidazoles 2 in good yields. In contrast thermal cyclization of 1 in the presence of silica gel gave regioisomeric 1‐methyl‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐5‐aryl‐imidazoles 5 as major products. These reactions could be extended to the syntheses of related several 1,4,5‐trisubstituted imidazoles.
Furopyridines. X. Synthesis of tricyclic heterocycles, furo[2,3‐b:4,5‐c']‐, furo[3,2‐b:4,5‐c']‐, furo[2,3‐c:4,5‐c']‐ and furo[3,2‐c:4,5‐c']dipyridine
Authors: Shiotani Shunsaku , Morita Hiroyuki
Published: March 2009

This paper describes the synthesis of four tricyclic heterocycles, furo[2,3–6:4,5‐c']‐ (5a), furo[3,2‐b:4,5‐c']‐ (5b), furo[2,3‐c:4,5‐c']‐ (5c) and furo[3,2‐c:4,5‐c']dipyridine (5d). Starting with 2‐formylfuropyridines (1a‐d), β‐(2‐furopyridyl)acrylic acids 2a‐d were obtained by condensing with malonic acid. The acrylic acids were converted to the acid azides by reaction with ethyl chloroformate and the subsequent reaction with sodium azide. Heating of the acid azides at 230–240° with diphenylmethane and tributylamine gave tricyclic pyridinones 3a‐d, which were converted to the respective chloro derivatives 4a‐d by reaction with phosphorus oxychloride. Reduction of the chloro compounds over palladium‐charcoal yielded compounds 5a‐d respectively. All the compounds 2 to 5 were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data. The H and 13C nmr and electronic spectral features of the furodipyridines were discussed comparing with those of the parent furopyridines.
Synthesis of novel 3‐carboethoxy‐6‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrimido[1′,2′:5,6]‐[1,3,5]triazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles
Authors: Murty M. S. R. , Ramalingam T. , Sattur P. B.
Published: March 2009

Reaction of 4‐amino‐2‐methylbenzimidazo[1,2‐a][1,3,5]triazines 2 with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate afforded 3‐carboethoxy‐6‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrimido[1′,2′:5,6][1,3,5]triazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles 3, a new ring system.
Synthesis of some 4‐substituted and 4,6‐disubstituted dibenzothiophenes
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Perumal Subbu
Published: March 2009

The synthesis is described of various 4‐substituted (1) and 4,6‐disubstituted (2) dibenzothiophenes by lithiation reactions. The factors controlling the formation of 4,6‐disubstituted dibenzothiophenes by the lithiation of 4‐methyl‐ and 4‐ethyl‐dibenzothiophene at the 6‐position versus lithiation at the α‐carbon of the 4‐substituent are examined.
Synthesis of the (Z) and (E) isomers of 1,2‐diaryl‐3‐methyl‐4,5‐dioxo‐3‐pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid esters. Structural assignment by nmr and mass spectroscopy
Authors: Titus Richard L. , Emerson David W. , González Rowena M.
Published: March 2009

Reaction of N‐benzylideneaniline, 1a, with 3‐methyl‐2‐oxobutanedioic acid diethyl ester, 2a, produced isomeric 3‐methyl‐4,5‐dioxo‐1,2‐diphenyl‐3‐pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid ethyl esters, 3a and 3b. The higher melting isomer, 3a, was shown to have the (Z) configuration by nmr spectroscopy. The (Z) and (E) isomers of 3‐methyl‐4,5‐dioxo‐1,2‐diphenyl‐3‐pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid methyl esters, 3c and 3d, were prepared from 1a and 3‐methyl‐2‐oxobutanedioic acid dimethyl ester, 2b. The higher melting isomer, 3c, was shown to have the (Z) configuration. Similarly, N‐benzylidene‐p‐toluidine, 1b, reacted with 2a to form (Z) and (E) isomers of 3‐methyl‐4,5‐dioxo‐1‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐3‐pyrrolidinecarboxlic acid ethyl esters, 3e and 3f. Assignment of the 13C carbonyl carbon nmr chemical shift was made by preparing 2‐methyl‐3‐oxobutanedioic‐1‐13C acid diethyl ester, 4, and from it the corresponding (Z) and (E) isomers of 3‐methyl‐4,5‐dioxo‐1,2‐diphenyl‐3‐pyrrolidinecarboxylic 13C acid ester, 5a and 5b. The mass spectra of the (Z) isomers exhibit prominent ions corresponding to the masses of the Schiff bases used to make them, and ions corresponding to the loss of ArNCOCO from the parent ion. The (E) isomers 3b, 3d and 5b exhibit a prominent ion of mass 264; 3f gives mass 278, corresponding to the loss of the carboalkoxy group.
Stereospecific cycloaddition of heterocumulenes to oxiranes catalyzed by organotin halide complexes
Authors: Baba Akio , Seki Kenji , Matsuda Haruo
Published: March 2009

Stereospecific cycloaddition of 2,3‐disubstituted oxiranes to heterocumulenes, including carbodiimides, isocyanates and carbon dioxide, is catalytically promoted by dialkyltin diiodide‐hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) system, producing various five‐membered heterocycles, where the configuration of the carbons in the oxirane ring is retained. In particular, the addition of isocyanates to oxiranes gave stereo‐specifically two types of products, dioxolan‐2‐imines and oxazolidin‐2‐ones independently, while the rearrangement of the former to the latter product has been already proposed.
Synthesis and 13C NMR spectra of cis‐ and trans‐{2‐(haloaryl)‐2‐[(1H‐imidazol)‐1‐yl]methyl]}‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4‐methanols
Authors: Chapman David R. , Bauer Ludwig
Published: March 2009

Syntheses and 13C nmr spectra of a number of cis and trans 2‐(haloaryl)‐2‐[(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)rnethyl]‐4‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐dioxolanes are described. The haloaryl groups are 2,4‐dichloro, 2,4‐difluoro‐, 4‐chloro‐and 4‐bromophenyl. In these series, some of the cis compounds become available through crystalline bromo benzoates 5. Separations of some trans isomers are achieved through fractional crystallizations of imidazolyl benzoate nitrates 6. Stereochemical assignments are based primarily on one major 13C chemical shift difference, namely that of C‐4 of the 1,3‐dioxolane ring, the chemical shift of the trans isomers being 1.0‐2.5 ppm downfield from that of the cis isomers.
An improved resolution of (±)‐cis‐N‐normetazocine
Authors: Brine G. A. , Berrang B. , Hayes J. P. , Carroll F. I.
Published: March 2009

The optical isomers of cis‐N‐normetazocine are the starting materials for the synthesis of a number of pharmacologically useful compounds. An improved resolution procedure for obtaining these isomers is reported.
Synthèses de 1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐d][1,4]diazépines et de 1,2,4‐oxadiazolo[4,5‐d][1,4]diazépines par cycloaddition dipolaire‐1,3
Authors: Hasnaoui A. , Baouid A. , Lavergne J.‐P.
Published: March 2009

Nous décrivons ici une synthèse en une étape de 1,4,5,6,7,9a‐hexahydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐d][1,4]diazépines, 4‐6, et 1,2,4‐oxadiazolo[4,5‐d][1,4]diazépines, 7‐10 et 12, par cycloaddition de nitrilimines, et d'oxydes de nitrile avec les 1‐méthyl 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐1,4‐diazépines, 1 et 11. Dans tous les cas ces réactions sont péri et régiosélectives (la double liaison C‐N est seule affectée) et s'effectuent avec de bons rendements. Les structures et les conformations des cyclo adduits ont été determinés à partir des spectres de rmn.
Caractérisation de nouveaux dérivés et analogues de la nétropsine et identification de leurs intermédiaires de synthèse par spectrométrie de masse FAB
Authors: Aubagnac Jean‐Louis , Debart Françoise , Mrani Driss , Gosselin Gilles , Rayner Bernard , Imbach Jean‐Louis
Published: March 2009

The fast‐atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra of a series of netropsin derivatives and analogues were examined in positive‐ion and when necessary negative‐ion modes. Behaviour of these derivatives was related to that of oligopeptides. Some compounds protected by t‐butoxycarbonyl groups were also investigated using this technique and showed characteristic fragmentations.
Use of 1,3‐dioxin‐4‐ones and their related compounds in synthesis. Part 28. Asymmetric de mayo reactions using chiral spirocyclic dioxinones
Authors: Sato Masayuki , Abe Yoshito , Takayama Kazuhisa , Sekiguchi Keiko , Kaneko Chikara , Inoue Naoko , Furuya Toshio , Inukai Noriyoshi
Published: March 2009

The use of rigid spirocyclic dioxinones having 1‐menthone as the chiral auxiliary as the enones in the photo[2 + 2]cycloaddition reactions opened novel methods for obtaining enantiomerically pure compounds, such as iridoids. Convex side preference of the sofa‐conformation of these dioxinones in the photoaddition to cyclopentene increases up to 100% by introducing either a bulky substituent or 5‐hexenyl group at the 3‐position to these dioxinones and, hence, highly asymmetric inter‐ and intramolecular de Mayo reactions have been disclosed.
Reactions of azoesters and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with 3‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thione
Authors: Giammona Gaetano , Neri Maria , Carlisi Bianca , Palazzo Aldo , La Rosa Carmelo
Published: March 2009

The addition of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to 3‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thione (1), both in alcoholic medium and in inert solvents, has been investigated. When 1 was allowed to react with diethyl azodicarboxylate a disulfide 5 was obtained.
Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinazoline and some 3‐benzyl derivatives
Authors: Gravier D. , Dupin J.‐P. , Casadebaig F. , Hou G. , Petraud M. , Moulines J. , Barbe B.
Published: March 2009

The concerted use of the 1H/13C shift correlation with full 1H/1H decoupling and the modified COLOC sequence for long‐range X/H correlation 2D nmr spectroscopy allows the total assignment of the 13C nmr resonances of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinazoline and 3‐benzyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinazoline. From these data, the 13C nmr chemical shifts of a series of 3‐benzylsubstituted‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinazolines are deduced.
Substitutions homolytiques intramoléculaires. 17. Décomposition de peroxydes de ϵ‐alcényle et de t‐butyle. Accès à des tétrahydropyranes substitués
Authors: Montaudon E. , Campagnole M. , Flies F. , Maillard B.
Published: March 2009

La décomposition induite du peroxyde de t‐butyle et d'hex‐5‐ényle dans des solvants bons donneurs d'hydrogène conduit à des tétrahydropyranes substitués en 2 accompagnés de peroxydes adduits. La substitution du peroxyde modifie les proportions relatives de ces deux types de composés.
Studies of pyridazine compounds. XXVI. The synthesis of Pyridazino[4,5‐b]pyrrolo[1,2‐d][1,4]oxazines and a pyridazino[4,5‐b]pyrrolo[1,2‐d][1,4]thiazine
Authors: Varga Ildikò , Jerkovich Gyula , Màtyus Péter
Published: March 2009

The tricyclic oxazines 3 and 5 were obtained by ring closure of (2‐hydroxymethyl‐1‐pyrrolidinyl)‐3(2H)‐pyridazinones 2d,e,g, respectively, prepared from 4,5‐dichloro‐3(2H)‐pyridazinones with L‐prolinol. The synthesis of the thiazine analogue 4a was achieved by treatment of 2d with thionyl chloride and the subsequent reaction with sodium sulfide. The structures of the compounds were supported by spectroscopic evidence.
Nitrogen Bridgehead Compounds. Part 79. Synthesis and structure elucidation of benzimidazolo[2,1‐f][1,6]naphthyridine aza‐derivatives
Authors: Tóth Gábor , Kovács Attila , Balogh Mária , Hermecz István
Published: March 2009

6‐Substituted 1,6‐naphthyridine‐5(6H)‐ones were prepared from diethyl 2‐[2‐(dimethylamino)vinyl]‐6‐methylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate 1 [2] by ring closure with aromatic and heteroaromatic diamines (o‐phenylenediamine, 2,3‐diaminopyridine, 3,4‐diaminopyridine and 4,5‐diaminopyrimidine, respectively). 1,6‐Naphthyridine‐5(6H)‐ones were cyclised in phosphoryl chloride to yield nitrogen bridgehead tetracycles 6‐9. The structure of the products was established by nOe difference spectroscopy. A complete 1H and 13C nmr assignment was achieved by different 2D carbon‐proton correlation measurements.
Synthesis and reactions of halogenated thiazole isocyanates
Authors: South Michael S.
Published: March 2009

A synthesis of 2‐chloro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐5‐isocyanatothiazole and 2,5‐dichloro‐5‐isocyanatothiazole is described via the “Curtius Rearrangement” performed under anhydrous conditions. The synthetic procedure described allows for the isolation, storage, and manipulation of these highly reactive isocyanates. A number of derivatives of the above isocyanates were prepared. These include: carbamates, thiocarbamates, ureas, amines, amidines, and amides.