bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal design of a thermoelectric refrigerator operating near room temperature using artificial neural network
Authors: Ykrelef Hichem , Chiba Younes , Zirari Mounir , Benyekhlef Ahmed , Boukaoud Abdelali , Sebbar Djamel , Kherkhar Abdelkrim , Mamur Hayati
Published: January 2025

The current study aimed to design and test a prototype of a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) using thermoelectric modules (TEM) operating near room temperature. The thermoelectric cooler utilized in this investigation has a maximum cooling power of 46 W and dimensions of 40 mm × 40 mm × 3.6 mm. After a series of measurements, the device temperature decreased from an ambient temperature of 19.6 °C to 1.6 °C, with a notable coefficient of performance around 0.9, achieved through the utilization of both serial and parallel connections. The secondary objective of this research was based on an artificial neural network (ANN) approach. An ANN model was constructed using an experimental database acquired from our thermoelectric refrigeration device. The input parameters of humidity, time, performance coefficient, cooling power, and heat dissipation were introduced into the model to enhance the cold temperature as the output. Using a multilayer perceptron (MLP), the experimental dataset was used for training, testing, and validating the ANN. The precision of the model was evaluated using three established statistical metrics: mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and R-squared (R
2).
Differences in starch digestive properties of cooked rice between four older and four current varieties
Authors: Huang Min , Li Li , Cao Fangbo , Chen Jiana , Wang Weiqin , Zheng Huabin
Published: January 2025

The replacement of rice varieties has been occurred in China over the past decades, with improving palatability serving as one of the main driving factors. Nevertheless, limited research exists on how this replacement has influenced the starch digestion properties of cooked rice, which play a critical role in determining the glycemic index, a key indicator of foods linked to the risk of non-communicable diseases. This study was conducted to determine the differences in starch digestive properties of cooked rice among four older and four current varieties, while also identifying the primary factors contributing to these differences. The results showed that the current varieties exhibited a 54% shorter active digestion duration and a 109% faster glucose production rate during starch digestion compared to the older varieties. These differences arose unintentionally from breeders’ efforts to meet consumer preferences for rice with a softer texture and were associated with decreased amylose content, increased amylopectin content, a lower amylose-to-amylopectin ratio, and increased breakdown viscosity in the current varieties than the older ones. This study highlights the necessity for increased awareness of the potential health risks linked to the accelerated starch digestion rate resulting from the development of softer-textured varieties in China.
Positions of Power: Situational Flexibility in Mimbres Society
Authors: Baustian Kathryn M. , Roth Barbara J.
Published: January 2025

Social power establishes and legitimizes actions for individuals within a society who accept the structures that create that power. Differences in power can develop without strict hierarchies, however. Here, we explore the power differences among groups living in the Mimbres Mogollon region of southwestern New Mexico using bioarchaeological data and a case study from the Harris site, a Late Pithouse period village occupied circa AD 550–1000. Aspects of mortuary practices and supporting archaeological data offer nuanced interpretations of individuals with situational power linked to social practices that both solidified and maintained power by particular households. The power differences documented here are not based on coercion; instead, they are tied to cooperation and engagement with the community. For small-scale communities such as Harris, situational power is interpreted for individuals with access to prime agricultural land and/or ritual, or by association with certain land-holding lineages. This system is consistent with a heterarchical structure that embraced flexibility in the use of power.
Archiving as knowledge production: Research practices at Salt
Authors: Romi Sezin
Published: January 2025

This article provides a comprehensive review of Salt's approach to knowledge generation in art history, focusing on its role as a cultural institution in Turkey. The text explores the function of research institutions and the evolving role of archivists in preserving and disseminating knowledge to a broader user base. The paper examines the concept of the archive within the framework of transparency and contingency, specifically by reviewing chosen research and archival projects conducted by the institution. It elucidates diverse research methodologies employed in the analysis, representation, and availability of archival materials in these endeavors, underscoring the significance of user engagement in expanding knowledge.
Reclassification of an art and design library
Authors: Olafsson Helen , Doig Fiona
Published: January 2025

Reclassifying a library is something which many librarians have tackled over the years. However, the task is always done with the technology and services available at the time of conversion. This is an account of reclassification using a modern Library Management System (ALMA), alongside our comments and tips on the sheer practicalities of moving every single book to another shelf location; all done, in our case, under the pall of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Using technology to increase reach and optimize consent experience for a large-scale research program
Authors: Coen Emma , Judge Daniel P. , Norman Samantha , Clark John T. , Cates Andrew , Thornhill Randolph , Hunt Kelly , McMahon Lori , Lenert Leslie , Allen Caitlin G.
Published: January 2025

The consent process for research studies can be burdensome for potential participants due to complex information and lengthy consent forms. This pragmatic study aimed to improve the consent experience and evaluate its impact on participant decision making, study knowledge, and satisfaction with the In Our DNA SC program, a population-based genomic screening initiative. We compared two consent procedures: standard consent (SC) involving a PDF document and enhanced consent (EC) incorporating a pictograph and true or false questions. Decision-making control, study knowledge, satisfaction, and time to consent were assessed. We analyzed data for 109 individuals who completed the SC and 96 who completed the EC. Results indicated strong decision-making control and high levels of knowledge and satisfaction in both groups. While no significant differences were found between the two groups, the EC experience took longer for participants to complete. Future modifications include incorporating video modules and launching a Spanish version of the consent experience. Overall, this study contributes to the growing literature on consent improvements and highlights the need to assess salient components and explore participant preferences for receiving consent information.
When to stop social learning from a predecessor in an information-foraging task
Authors: Suganuma Hidezo , Naito Aoi , Katahira Kentaro , Kameda Tatsuya
Published: January 2025

Striking a balance between individual and social learning is one of the key capabilities that support adaptation under uncertainty. Although intergenerational transmission of information is ubiquitous, little is known about when and how newcomers switch from learning loyally from preceding models to exploring independently. Using a behavioural experiment, we investigated how social information available from a preceding demonstrator affects the timing of becoming independent and individual performance thereafter. Participants worked on a 30-armed bandit task for 100 trials. For the first 15 trials, participants simply observed the choices of a demonstrator who had accumulated more knowledge about the environment and passively received rewards from the demonstrator's choices. Thereafter, participants could switch to making independent choices at any time. We had three conditions differing in the social information available from the demonstrator: choice only, reward only or both. Results showed that both participants’ strategies about when to stop observational learning and their behavioural patterns after independence depended on the available social information. Participants generally failed to make the best use of previously observed social information in their subsequent independent choices, suggesting the importance of direct communication beyond passive observation for better intergenerational transmission under uncertainty. Implications for cultural evolution are discussed.
Stokes flow of an evolving fluid film with arbitrary shape and topology
Authors: Zhu Cuncheng , Saintillan David , Chern Albert
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of evolving fluid films in the viscous Stokes limit is relevant to various applications, such as the modelling of lipid bilayers in cells. While the governing equations were formulated by Scriven (1960), solving for the flow of a deformable viscous surface with arbitrary shape and topology has remained a challenge. In this study, we present a straightforward discrete model based on variational principles to address this long-standing problem. We replace the classical equations, which are expressed with tensor calculus in local coordinates, with a simple coordinate-free, differential-geometric formulation. The formulation provides a fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanics and translates directly to discretization. We construct a discrete analogue of the system using Onsager's variational principle, which, in a smooth context, governs the flow of a viscous medium. In the discrete setting, instead of term-wise discretizing the coordinate-based Stokes equations, we construct a discrete Rayleighian for the system and derive the discrete Stokes equations via the variational principle. This approach results in a stable, structure-preserving variational integrator that solves the system on general manifolds.
Apocalyptic Imagination and Civic Practices of Orthodox Fundamentalists in Contemporary Russia
Authors: Mitrofanova Anastasia
Published: January 2025

Fundamentalists in the Russian Orthodox Church see contemporary state institutions as sources of threat because of their fragility and unreliability. Thus, in response, they engage in ritual and political actions aimed at restoring the spiritual unity of the Russian people (sobornost) that would allow the monarchy to be restored and resume the God-given mission of the Russian Orthodox Church to delaying the apocalypse. In this article, the author reveals the ways the concept of an averted or delayed apocalypse shapes fundamentalists’ approaches to institution and network building as alternatives to existing public institutions, which they consider incapable in the face of the approaching End Time. The author distinguishes between anti-systemic fundamentalists (those unwilling to have anything in common with the existing sociopolitical system) and symbiotic fundamentalists (those involved in provisional cooperation with state agencies). Anti-systemic fundamentalists insist on Russians’ verbal repentance for the sin of abandoning their mission of averting the Apocalypse; sometimes they live in walled communities. Symbiotic fundamentalists are building networks or communities that do not necessarily imply living together. Using these communities as a tool, symbiotic fundamentalists hope to rebuild the spiritual unity of the Russians. They envision their activities as repentance by works that in the future would allow the Orthodox monarchy to be restored and to resume the God-given mission of the church.
Dignity Defied: Legal-Rational Myths and the Surplus Legitimacy of the Carceral State
Authors: Simon Jonathan
Published: January 2025

A decade ago, it seemed that America’s punitive system of mass incarceration was on the precipice of a transformation, stimulated by a legitimacy crisis as great as any in a century. A decade later, far more modest steps toward reform have been accomplished, and mass incarceration in the United States has proven stubbornly resilient. While overall imprisonment rates are modestly lower, there is little evidence of improving prison conditions or a fundamental reorientation of the use of prolonged incarceration. This prompts a deeply historical question, to which answers, of necessity, must be speculative. What makes the carceral state so resilient, not just in recent decades but also across centuries? Following recent law and society scholars, who have brought together the literature on the historical political-economy of punishment with new institutionalist accounts of the role of myth and ceremony in formal organizations and the bureaucratization of modern societies, this article identifies five “legal-rational myths” about crime and punishment that have perennially delayed a reckoning with its lack of alignment with central public values like respect for human dignity and racial justice. The article turns to California as the epicenter of this most recent legitimacy crisis to chart how myths work to bolster the carceral state against efforts to shrink or abolish it.
Migrations, citizenship and administrative borders: the Italian case
Authors: Bargel Lucie , Caprioglio Carlo , Gargiulo Enrico , Trucco Daniela
Published: January 2025

This contribution summarises the scientific discussions that developed during a one-year cycle of international and interdisciplinary seminars focusing on the relationship between migration and citizenship in Italy. We considered human mobilities in their relation to the politico-administrative institutions of the state and observed the latter's attempt to define and govern them. The relative marginality of the Italian case in the literature about state building, nation building and citizenship is an opportunity to examine these processes with fresh eyes. The first section is a critical analysis of the policies regulating access to Italian citizenship. The second examines the entanglement between external and internal migrations and how they are governed, considering various administrative borders and statuses such as Italian municipal residency. The third section addresses the role of different field actors (from street-level bureaucrats to legal practitioners and activists) in shaping or negotiating the borders of citizenship while implementing the law.
LOCAL COHOMOLOGY UNDER SMALL PERTURBATIONS
Authors: DUARTE LUÍS
Published: January 2025

Let

$(R,\mathfrak {m})$

be a Noetherian local ring and I an ideal of R. We study how local cohomology modules with support in

$\mathfrak {m}$

change for small perturbations J of I, that is, for ideals J such that

$I\equiv J\bmod \mathfrak {m}^N$

for large N, under the hypothesis that

$R/I$

and

$R/J$

share the same Hilbert function. As one of our main results, we show that if

$R/I$

is generalized Cohen–Macaulay, then the local cohomology modules of

$R/J$

are isomorphic to the corresponding local cohomology modules of

$R/I$

, except possibly the top one. In particular, this answers a question raised by Quy and V. D. Trung. Our approach also allows us to prove that if

$R/I$

is Buchsbaum, then so is

$R/J$

. Finally, under some additional assumptions, we show that if

$R/I$

satisfies Serre’s property

$(S_n)$

, then so does

$R/J$

.
FORMAL LIFTING OF DUALIZING COMPLEXES AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors: LYU SHIJI
Published: January 2025

We show that for a Noetherian ring A that is I-adically complete for an ideal I, if

$A/I$

admits a dualizing complex, so does A. This gives an alternative proof of the fact that a Noetherian complete local ring admits a dualizing complex. We discuss several consequences of this result. We also consider a generalization of the notion of dualizing complexes to infinite-dimensional rings and prove the results in this generality. In addition, we give an alternative proof of the fact that every excellent Henselian local ring admits a dualizing complex, using ultrapower.
DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS ON SOME ELLIPTIC MODULAR SURFACES VIA OPERATORS ON LINE ARRANGEMENTS
Authors: KÜHNE LUKAS , ROULLEAU XAVIER
Published: January 2025

This paper further studies the matroid realization space of a specific deformation of the regular n-gon with its lines of symmetry. Recently, we obtained that these particular realization spaces are birational to the elliptic modular surfaces

$\Xi _{1}(n)$

over the modular curve

$X_1(n)$

. Here, we focus on the peculiar cases when

$n=7,8$

in more detail. We obtain concrete quartic surfaces in

$\mathbb {P}^3$

equipped with a dominant rational self-map stemming from an operator on line arrangements, which yields K3 surfaces with a dynamical system that is semi-conjugated to the plane.
Group Prototypicality and Boundary Definition: Comparing White and Black Perceptions of Whether Latinos Are American
Authors: OCAMPO-ROLAND ANGIE N.
Published: January 2025

Examining group boundaries is instrumental to understanding intergroup relations, particularly differences in boundary drawing between prototypical and peripheral group members. Whether identity strength and prototypicality have an interactive effect on how group members draw boundaries has been underexplored. We also know less about how different Latinos are viewed, despite the group’s vast diversity. This paper takes up these questions and compares white and Black Americans’ views of Latinos as American. Strikingly, among all respondents, U.S. born Latinos are seen as less American when their parent is undocumented. The results suggest that Black Americans are driven by economic and political concerns and perceive greater commonality with more marginalized Latinos. Whites are driven by cultural concerns and prefer those who will not challenge their prototypicality. This illustrates a divergence in how Latinos are received among each group.
Advantages and limitations of diagnostic procedures for zoonotic helminth infections in feces
Authors: Shchelkanov M. , Tabakaeva T. , Shumenko P. , Tabakaev A. , Galkina I.
Published: January 2025

Helminthiasis is a common infection in both humans and other animal populations and negatively affects the health of the host, causing a range of morbidity and even mortality, especially in young people and those with weakened immune systems. A variety of diagnostic procedures with a number of modifications are available to identify the sources of infection and to assess the epidemiological situation, the effectiveness of parasite control programs, anthelmintic treatment, and the prevention of drug resistance. These can be simple and cheap methods – for example, stool smear examination – or modern highly sensitive methods – for example, PCR analysis. This review attempts to summarize the advantages and limitations of each of these frequently used methods.
Are Indigenous conceptions of sovereignty as non-interference patriarchal?
Authors: Kuokkanen Rauna , Lightfoot Sheryl , Starblanket Gina , Wildcat Matthew
Published: January 2025

In the field of International Relations, sovereignty refers to a state’s authority to govern itself without external interference, closely tied to the principle of non-intervention. Recent scholarship has illuminated sovereignty as socially constructed and dynamic, yet non-interference remains central to its conception. Catherine MacKinnon’s feminist critique exposes the patriarchal implications of fetishising non-interference, silencing marginalised voices, and perpetuating gendered power imbalances. This Forum examines whether Indigenous conceptions of sovereignty that prioritise non-interference are shaped by patriarchal ideologies, particularly through the emphasis on relationality – rooted in kinship – and the central role of consent in Indigenous understandings and practices of sovereignty. By examining the intersection of non-interference with systems of oppression, this paper contributes to a nuanced understanding of Indigenous sovereignty, self-determination, and gendered relations. It concludes with a discussion of the relationship between consent, non-interference, and non-domination.
Fixed-plot monitoring as a tool to assess population trends of underground nesting seabirds: an example with Cory’s Shearwater at its world’s largest colony
Authors: Catry Paulo , Dias Maria , Menezes Dília , Oliveira Paulo , Lopes Daniel , Alho Maria , Campioni Letizia , Catry Teresa , Gatt Marie Claire , Ventura Francesco , Romero Joana , Granadeiro José Pedro
Published: January 2025

Medium to small petrels that mostly nest in burrows or crevices represent a large fraction of the world’s seabirds, yet their population trends are largely unknown. This lack of knowledge, which has implications for conservation planning, results mostly from methodological difficulties and from the approaches that have been used for their monitoring. Here, we present the surveying scheme created to monitor Cory’s Shearwater Calonectris borealis breeding numbers at their largest known colony, Selvagem Grande (Portugal). We defined 60 circular plots at fixed locations on this 2.45 km2 island and counted nests with eggs annually at the end of laying. Results show that the population increased at 1.45% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–2.01%) per year between 2009 and 2023. We estimate that the current population size is 38,830 pairs (95% quantile CIs = 34,373–43,713). To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first systematic information (using fully repeatable methods and providing CIs for the estimates) on population trends of Cory’s Shearwaters, one of the most abundant seabirds in the warm temperate and subtropical North Atlantic and one of the most studied petrels globally. Monitoring using the approach detailed here requires two days of work (by 2–3 persons) per year. Our results and simulations indicate that this is a powerful methodology, with narrow confidence limits for estimated trends and an ability to detect small population changes over short time spans. We suggest that more monitoring protocols similar to this one (with necessary site-specific adaptations, particularly for potential colony expansion where suitable habitat exists) should be developed and implemented in a range of colonies with crevice and burrowing nesting petrels to improve our knowledge on the population status of a broad fraction of the world’s seabirds.
Gender Ideology, the Far Right, and LGBTQ Politics
Authors: Murib Zein
Published: January 2025

“Gender ideology” rhetoric has diffused globally. Mobilized by a coalition of conservative actors, this discursive innovation helps to fuel the election of far-right politicians who scapegoat LGBTQ people, migrants, racial and ethnic minorities, and women as responsible for economic downturns as well as social and political disorder. This essay outlines the history and current landscape of gender ideology for political scientists and situates it in relation to the rise of far-right and authoritarian regimes globally. It builds on these political trends by concluding with a research agenda for scholars of LGBTQ politics to consider moving forward.
Mirrors and Mosaics: Deciphering Chinese and Russian Domestic Bloc-Building Narratives
Authors: Ma Ming , Romanov Daniil , Libman Alexander , Kostka Genia
Published: January 2025

Authoritarian states are intensifying bloc-building efforts. While the authoritarian regionalism literature suggests that membership in these “clubs of autocrats” can bolster domestic support for authoritarian leaders, such external recognition can also pose challenges, especially when aligning with “toxic” authoritarian partners. We argue that authoritarian regimes attempt to solve this problem by crafting strategic narratives and communicating them through regime-loyal media to the general public. The study examines strategic narratives of bloc building used by Russia and China in the first year after the start of the full-scale war in Ukraine in 2022. Using “text-as-data” methods and qualitative analysis, we find important similarities and differences in the narratives of these two countries. Both use narratives highly critical of the United States and NATO. However, while Russia has crafted a “fortress narrative” that focuses on external threats and non-Western resilience, China promotes a “bridge narrative,” advocating for spanning geopolitical gaps and championing global integration. Both narrative strategies converge in their criticism of shared adversaries but diverge in their portrayals of the blocs they lead.
Practical, legal and psychological issues related to the protection of the dead in cases of enforced disappearance
Authors: Citroni Gabriella
Published: January 2025

Enforced disappearance and death – and, by extension, the protection of the dead – are related to each other, but this relationship is more nuanced and sensitive that it may initially seem. An automatic equation between the two, as well as the hasty application of presumptions, triggers significant – and often undesirable – practical, legal and psychological consequences. This article explores how this ambiguity is, to a certain extent, unavoidable, and must therefore be reflected in the interpretation of the core international obligations related to enforced disappearance, namely the search for the disappeared, including through inter-State cooperation; investigation aimed at identifying those responsible for the crime, followed by prosecution and sanction; and the provision of psychosocial support and reparations for the harm suffered.
Large-bore rotational thrombectomy and balloon angioplasty for thrombus fragmentation and removal from occluded iliofemoral or inferior vena cava stents
Authors: Forgo Gabor , Fumagalli Riccardo , Cardi Silvia , Barco Stefano , Kucher Nils , Sebastian Tim
Published: January 2025

Summary: Background: Although venous stent placement is an established treatment for patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), stent patency rate may be as low as 80% at 12 months. Treatment of stent occlusion requires the removal of a large amount of fresh or organized thrombus from stents with a diameter of 12–20 mm. The feasibility of large-bore rotational thrombectomy in combination with angioplasty to treat thrombosed venous iliofemoral or inferior vena cava stents has not been investigated yet. Patients and methods: Between May 2023 and June 2024, 12 patients (15 limbs) with symptomatic venous stent occlusions were treated at our institution with the 10-French Rotarex™ thrombectomy device and completed 3-month follow-up by Duplex ultrasound. The primary outcome was primary patency at 90 days after thrombectomy of stent occlusion. Safety outcomes included device-related complications, bleeding, and death. Results: Median age was 41 years, 75% were women. At the index procedure, 10 (83%) patients presented with PTS and two (17%) with acute DVT. Median time from index procedure to re-intervention was 1125 (Q1–Q3: 897–2297) days and from symptom onset to re-intervention 39 (Q1–Q3: 8–186) days. Technical success of re-intervention was achieved in all cases, and bail-out stent-in-stent placement was not required in 5 (33%) limbs. The primary patency rate at 90 days was 86.7% (95% CI: 71.0–100.0). Two (17%) patients experienced recurrent stent thrombosis and were managed conservatively. Peri-interventional minor bleeding occurred in two (17%) patients. There were no device-related complications, major bleeding, or deaths. Conclusions: Large-bore rotational thrombectomy appears to be a feasible strategy to treat iliofemoral and inferior vena cava stent thrombosis, achieving acceptable short-term patency without major adverse events.
Insights Into Mantle Plume Geochemistry From Machine Learning
Authors: White William M. , Jackson Matthew G. , Hardardottir Sunna
Published: January 2025

Oceanic island basalts are the products of mantle plume melting and their chemistry provides insights into the Earth's deep interior. We report a statistical and machine learning study of 8 radiogenic isotopes and 19 incompatible trace element ratios in basalts from 27 oceanic island volcanic chains associated with mantle plumes compiled from the GEOROC and EARTHCHEM‐PetDB databases. Machine‐learning hierarchical analysis and agglomerative clustering results based on t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE) reveal distinct clusters of isotopic compositions corresponding to canonical ones of HIMU, EM I, EM II, PREMA. and DM as well as a LOND cluster, which however do not reflect the existence of discrete components. The HIMU clan is restricted to only a couple of plumes and is characterized by low K/U, Pb/Ce, Ba/Nb and strong REE fractionation. EM I has higher K/U, Ce/Rb, Ba/Nb and lower U/Pb, Rb/Ba, Rb/Sr than EM II reflecting a difference in prevalent recycled components. Stepwise multiple regression reveals that fractionations of incompatible element ratios can be explained by variations in partial melting controlled by lithospheric thickness and plume buoyancy flux; the latter indicates that buoyancy flux primarily reflects plume temperature. 3He/4He also correlates with plume buoyancy flux, suggesting that the hottest plumes carry the least radiogenic He. The hottest plumes may be those rising from the core‐mantle boundary. This, and the absence of evidence of a primordial mantle reservoir suggest that unradiogenic He may be derived from the core.
Fabrication and modulation of flexible electromagnetic metamaterials
Authors: Feng Yanshuo , Liang Misheng , Zhao Xiaoguang , You Rui
Published: January 2025

Flexible electromagnetic metamaterials are a potential candidate for the ideal material for electromagnetic control due to their unique physical properties and structure. Flexible electromagnetic metamaterials can be designed to exhibit specific responses to electromagnetic waves within a particular frequency range. Research shows that flexible electromagnetic metamaterials exhibit significant electromagnetic control characteristics in microwave, terahertz, infrared and other frequency bands. It has a wide range of applications in the fields of electromagnetic wave absorption and stealth, antennas and microwave devices, communication information and other fields. In this review, the currently popular fabrication methods of flexible electromagnetic metamaterials are first summarized, highlighting the electromagnetic modulation capability in different frequency bands. Then, the applications of flexible electromagnetic metamaterials in four aspects, namely electromagnetic stealth, temperature modulation, electromagnetic shielding, and wearable sensors, are elaborated and summarized in detail. In addition, this review also discusses the shortcomings and limitations of flexible electromagnetic metamaterials for electromagnetic control. Finally, the conclusion and perspective of the electromagnetic properties of flexible electromagnetic metamaterials are presented.
A dual role of Cohesin in DNA DSB repair
Authors: Fedkenheuer Michael , Shang Yafang , Jung Seolkyoung , Fedkenheuer Kevin , Park Solji , Mazza Davide , Sebastian Robin , Nagashima Hiroyuki , Zong Dali , Tan Hua , Jaiswal Sushil Kumar , Fu Haiqing , Cruz Anthony , Vartak Supriya V. , Wisniewski Jan , Sartorelli Vittorio , O’Shea John J. , Elnitski Laura , Nussenzweig Andre , Aladjem Mirit I. , Meng Fei-Long , Casellas Rafael
Published: January 2025

Cells undergo tens of thousands of DNA-damaging events each day. Defects in repairing double-stranded breaks (DSBs) can lead to genomic instability, contributing to cancer, genetic disorders, immunological diseases, and developmental defects. Cohesin, a multi-subunit protein complex, plays a crucial role in both chromosome organization and DNA repair by creating architectural loops through chromatin extrusion. However, the mechanisms by which cohesin regulates these distinct processes are not fully understood. In this study, we identify two separate roles for cohesin in DNA repair within mammalian cells. First, cohesin serves as an intrinsic architectural factor that normally prevents interactions between damaged chromatin. Second, cohesin has an architecture-independent role triggered by ATM phosphorylation of SMC1, which enhances the efficiency of repair. Our findings suggest that these two functions work together to reduce the occurrence of translocations and deletions associated with non-homologous end joining, thereby maintaining genomic stability.
Bioinspired artificial antioxidases for efficient redox homeostasis and maxillofacial bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Ting , Bai Mingru , Geng Wei , Adeli Mohsen , Ye Ling , Cheng Chong
Published: January 2025

Reconstructing large, inflammatory maxillofacial defects using stem cell-based therapy faces challenges from adverse microenvironments, including high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inadequate oxygen, and intensive inflammation. Here, inspired by the reaction mechanisms of intracellular antioxidant defense systems, we propose the de novo design of an artificial antioxidase using Ru-doped layered double hydroxide (Ru-hydroxide) for efficient redox homeostasis and maxillofacial bone regeneration. Our studies demonstrate that Ru-hydroxide consists hydroxyls-synergistic monoatomic Ru centers, which efficiently react with oxygen species and collaborate with hydroxyls for rapid proton and electron transfer, thus exhibiting efficient, broad-spectrum, and robust ROS scavenging performance. Moreover, Ru-hydroxide can effectively sustain stem cell viability and osteogenic differentiation in elevated ROS environments, modulating the inflammatory microenvironment during bone tissue regeneration in male mice. We believe this Ru-hydroxide development offers a promising avenue for designing antioxidase-like materials to treat various inflammation-associated disorders, including arthritis, diabetic wounds, enteritis, and bone fractures.
Electrophysiological approaches to informing therapeutic interventions with deep brain stimulation
Authors: Asadi Atefeh , Wiesman Alex I. , Wiest Christoph , Baillet Sylvain , Tan Huiling , Muthuraman Muthuraman
Published: January 2025

Neuromodulation therapy comprises a range of non-destructive and adjustable methods for modulating neural activity using electrical stimulations, chemical agents, or mechanical interventions. Here, we discuss how electrophysiological brain recording and imaging at multiple scales, from cells to large-scale brain networks, contribute to defining the target location and stimulation parameters of neuromodulation, with an emphasis on deep brain stimulation (DBS).
Fascin structural plasticity mediates flexible actin bundle construction
Authors: Gong Rui , Reynolds Matthew J. , Carney Keith R. , Hamilton Keith , Bidone Tamara C. , Alushin Gregory M.
Published: January 2025

Fascin cross-links actin filaments (F-actin) into bundles that support tubular membrane protrusions including filopodia and stereocilia. Fascin dysregulation drives aberrant cell migration during metastasis, and fascin inhibitors are under development as cancer therapeutics. Here, we use cryo-EM, cryo-electron tomography coupled with custom denoising and computational modeling to probe human fascin-1’s F-actin cross-linking mechanisms across spatial scales. Our fascin cross-bridge structure reveals an asymmetric F-actin binding conformation that is allosterically blocked by the inhibitor G2. Reconstructions of seven-filament hexagonal bundle elements, variability analysis and simulations show how structural plasticity enables fascin to bridge varied interfilament orientations, accommodating mismatches between F-actin’s helical symmetry and bundle hexagonal packing. Tomography of many-filament bundles and modeling uncover geometric rules underlying emergent fascin binding patterns, as well as the accumulation of unfavorable cross-links that limit bundle size. Collectively, this work shows how fascin harnesses fine-tuned nanoscale structural dynamics to build and regulate micron-scale F-actin bundles.
Proximal tubule-on-chip as a model for predicting cation transport and drug transporter dynamics
Authors: Petit Isy , Faucher Quentin , Bernard Jean-Sébastien , Giunchi Perrine , Humeau Antoine , Sauvage François-Ludovic , Marquet Pierre , Védrenne Nicolas , Di Meo Florent
Published: January 2025

Deciphering the sources of variability in drug responses requires to understand the processes modulating drug pharmacokinetics. However, pharmacological research suffers from poor reproducibility across clinical, animal, and experimental models. Predictivity can be improved by using Organs-on-Chips, which are more physiological, human-oriented, micro-engineered devices that include microfluidics. OoC are particularly relevant at the fundamental and preclinical stages of drug development by providing more accurate assessment of key pharmacokinetic events. We have developed a proximal tubule-on-a-chip model combining commercial microfluidic and chip technologies. Using the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line, we set up a dual-flow system with antiparallel flows to mimic the dynamics of blood and urine. We assessed transporters mRNA expression, cellular polarization and protein expression via immunofluorescence, and monitored the transcellular transport of prototypic xenobiotics by determining their efflux ratios. Our results show that flow exposure significantly modulate mRNA expression of drug membrane transporters. Dynamic conditions also enhance cell polarization, as evidenced by preferential basal and apical expressions of Na + /K + -ATPase, P-gp, OCT2, and MATE1 , as well as the cellular secretory profile. We demonstrated unidirectional transcellular transport of metformin with a higher efflux than influx ratio, inhibited with OCT2 inhibitor, thus confirming the relevance of our proximal tubule-on-a-chip set up for cation transport investigations. Our proximal tubule-on-a-chip can also be used to explore the interactions between transporters, xenobiotics, and endogenous metabolites, possibly involved in the variability of individual drug responses. This study provides additional evidence that OoC can help bridge the gaps between systemic and local pharmacokinetics.
Sex-modulated association between thyroid stimulating hormone and informant-perceived anxiety in non-depressed older adults: Prediction models and relevant cutoff value
Authors: Hallab Asma
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to assess the association between thyroid function and perceived anxiety in non-depressed older adults. Non-depressed Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants with complete Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI/NPI-Q) were included. The association between anxiety and thyroid function was assessed by logistic regression and sex stratification. Restricted cubic splines were applied to evaluate non-linearity in the association. The median age of 2,114 eligible participants was 73 years (68–78), 1,117 (52.84%) were males, and the median TSH was 1.69 µIU/mL. There was a significant association between TSH and informant-perceived anxiety in the total study population (ORModel1 = 0.86, 95%CI 0.76–0.97, p = 0.011), even after adjusting for bio-demographical (adj.ORModel2 = 0.85, 95%CI 0.75–0.96, p = 0.007), and socio-cognitive confounders (adj.ORModel3 = 0.84, 95%CI 0.73–0.96, p = 0.009). Sex-stratification showed similar significant results in all male-specific models (ORModel1-male = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.58–0.85, p
Model1-male < 0.001). In the general population and males, a TSH value of 2.4 µIU/dL was a significant cutoff under which anxiety odds were significantly high, even after adjusting for confounders. The sex-dependent association between TSH levels and perceived anxiety in non-depressed older adults is a novel finding that has to be further explored for a better understanding of the underlying neurobehavioral biology.
Tattooed human in vitro skin model for testing the biocompatibility of tattoo inks and healing progression after tattooing
Authors: Reddersen Kirsten , Gregersen Deborah Maria , Tittelbach Jörg , Wiegand Cornelia
Published: January 2025

Tattoos are widespread in the population. Tattoo inks, which contain a variety of ingredients among them hazardous compounds such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and nanoparticles and that are made for injection into the skin, are not dermatologically tested. New testing systems for evaluation of biocompatibility of tattoo inks as composite products and the tattooing process itself are needed. This paper describes an in vitro 3D human skin model that was tattooed with black and red ink. Biocompatibility including analysis of cytotoxicity, cytokine release, and gene expression patterns of proinflammatory cytokines, proliferation markers, growth factors and structural components was investigated over a period of 7 days. Tattooing of the 3D skin model resulted in a strong inflammatory reaction comparable to in vivo observations that subsided 4 days after treatment. The subsequent healing phase was detectable in the gene expression patterns. Tattooing with two different tattoo inks resulted in distinguishable inflammatory reactions. The described 3D skin model is a useful tool for evaluation of the biocompatibility of tattoo inks and the tattooing process itself and for characterizing the healing process after tattooing.
Mechanistic insights into water-stabilized dye-neurotransmitter intermolecular complexes in zeolite channels
Authors: Invernizzi Cristiano , Grimm Laura M. , Biedermann Frank , Fois Ettore , Tabacchi Gloria
Published: January 2025

Modelling reveals how zeolites and water stabilize a dicationic dye – cationic neurotransmitter complex for sensing.
Photoinduced energy and electron transfer processes in a supramolecular system combining a tetrapyrenylporphyrin derivative and arene–ruthenium metalla-prisms
Authors: Pons Alles Santiago Luis , Veclani Daniele , Barbieri Andrea , Therrien Bruno , Ventura Barbara
Published: January 2025

Energy and electron transfer interplay in a supramolecular system formed by a tetrapyrenyl functionalised porphyrin and arene–ruthenium metalla-prisms.
Heat and moisture transport in okra cylinders with shrinkage effects under solar drying: a multiphysics-based simulation approach
Authors: Nwakuba Nnaemeka , Ezeanya Nnaemeka , Horsfall Ibiba Taiwo , Okafor Victor , Ononogbo Chibuike , Ndukwu Macmanus , Simo-Tagne Marlin , Asoegwu Sabbas
Published: January 2025

The study of heat and moisture transport in plant-derived products benefits the agri-food industry. The in-depth insight promotes superior, sustainable drying approaches and optimized process conditions for enhanced quality and efficiency.
Integrated artificial neurons from metal halide perovskites
Authors: de Boer Jeroen J. , Ehrler Bruno
Published: January 2025

We report a fully on-chip integrated spiking neuron of halide perovskite. Our neuron could be implemented in hardware neural networks that perform certain computational tasks orders of magnitude more energy-efficiently than conventional computers.
Synthesis and characteristics of water-based, rosin-modified, polymerized oil based on dehydrated castor oil acid and zinc resinate
Authors: Choe Yong-A. , Kim Su-Il , Jang Jong-Hwan , Ju Kyong-Sik
Published: January 2025

In this study, we synthesized a water-based, rosin-modified, polymerized oil (WRPO) via an addition and polymerization reaction of dehydrated castor oil (DCO), rosin acid (RA), zinc resinate (ZR) and dehydrated castor oil acid (DCOA).
Unveiling the structural aspects of novel azo-dyes with promising anti-virulence activity against MRSA: a deep dive into the spectroscopy via integrated experimental and computational approaches
Authors: Hegazy Ahmed M. , Shehat Michael G. , Abouelfetouh Alaa. , Teleb Mohamed , Khattab Sherine N. , Haiba Nesreen S.
Published: January 2025

A novel series of azo dyes was successfully synthesized by combining amino benzoic acid and amino phenol on the same molecular framework via azo linkage.
An ensemble model of machine learning regression techniques and color spaces integrated with a color sensor: application to color-changing biochemical assays
Authors: Joh Min , Kumaran Surjith , Shin Younseo , Cha Hyunji , Oh Euna , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Choi Hyo-Jick
Published: January 2025

Non-destructive color sensors are widely applied for rapid analysis of various biological and healthcare point-of-care applications.
High sensitivity terahertz sensor based on semiconductor material for biosensing detection
Authors: Huang Xu , Wang Bo
Published: January 2025

A terahertz metamaterial sensor with a semiconductor–dielectric–semiconductor configuration is proposed, where it can be observed that different cell types (healthy cells and cancer cells) exhibit different resonant frequencies in the spectrum.
Effectiveness of the manchester triage system in the emergency department: A literature review
Authors: Andika I Putu Juni , Safaruddin  , Christina Tri Yahya , Baso Yusriani Saleh , Utami Seftiani
Published: January 2025

Congestion in emergency rooms is a worldwide problem that is frequently caused by rising patient volumes, which can lead to organizational challenges. The Manchester Triage System (MTS) and other triage systems seek to enhance patient flow management and forecast the severity of illnesses. This study assesses how well MTS categorizes patients in emergency rooms according on their risk. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, a literature analysis was carried out, and papers were sourced from databases such as Science Direct (2020–2024), PubMed (2020–2024), and Google Scholar (2019–2024). Efficacy, Manchester Triage System, and Emergency Department were among the search phrases used. Full texts of articles released between 2019 and 2024 were obtained once their applicability was assessed. The results confirm that MTS is applicable to a range of patient populations, including adults, children, and those suffering from acute pulmonary embolism and coronary syndromes. In terms of forecasting ED visits and short-term mortality, the MTS proved to be reliable. Sub-triage and super-triage (misclassification of severity) problems persist despite its efficacy. The majority of research leads to the conclusion that MTS is a helpful tool for patient triage in emergency situations, improving patient outcomes and resource allocation.
Global trends and future directions of anxiety in adolescent pregnancy: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Dwihestie Luluk Khusnul , Ningrum Allania Hanung Putri Sekar , Agustin Kurnia
Published: January 2025

Adolescent pregnancy is a global problem today. This problem is higher in developing countries. This causes anxiety in 16%44% of pregnant adolescents. Although not many lead to suicide, the anxiety of pregnant women can lead to poor pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to analyze mental health in adolescent pregnancy. This study used the PRISMA method to search for appropriate keywords in SCOPUS and then conducted a bibliometric analysis to examine the information in scientific publications and literature. The results of this study obtained information that the risk of anxiety disorders increases in teenage pregnant women due to hormonal imbalances in adolescents, unpreparedness in facing pregnancy, and premarital sexual behavior. To prevent anxiety in teenage pregnancy, it is necessary to conduct integrated antenatal care, including mental health screening. Efforts to improve the health of pregnant adolescent mothers can be made by identifying the adaptation process of adolescents regarding changes in roles and responsibilities, increasing the availability of youth-friendly services integrated antenatal care and primary health services, overcoming economic challenges, strengthening the social system of adolescents to undergo pregnancy and parenting.