bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graph Neural Networks for Mesh Generation and Adaptation in Structural and Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Pelissier Ugo , Parret-Freaud Augustion , Bordeu Felipe , Mesri Youssef
Published: August 2024

Finite element discretizations of problems in computational physics often rely on hand-generated initial mesh and adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) to preferentially resolve regions containing important features during simulation. We propose Adaptnet, a Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) framework for learning mesh generation and adaptation. The model is composed of two GNNs: the first one, Meshnet, learns mesh parameters commonly used in open-source mesh generators, to generate an initial mesh from a Computer Aid Design (CAD) file; while the second one, Graphnet, learns mesh-based simulations to predict the components of an Hessian-based metric to perform anisotropic mesh adaptation. Our approach is tested on structural (Deforming plate - Linear elasticity) and fluid mechanics (Flow around cylinders - steady-state Stokes) problems. Our results show it can accurately predict the dynamics of the system and adapt the mesh accordingly. The adaptivity of the model supports learning resolution-independent dynamics and can scale to more complex state spaces at test time.
Prognostication in Epilepsy with Integrated Analysis of Blood Parameters and Clinical Data
Authors: Park Kyung-Il , Hwang Sungeun , Son Hyoshin , Moon Jangsup , Lee Soon-Tae , Jung Keun-Hwa , Jung Ki-Young , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Determining the outcome of epilepsy is crucial for making proactive and timely treatment decisions, as well as for counseling patients. Recent research efforts have focused on using various imaging techniques and EEG for prognostication; however, there is insufficient evidence regarding the role of blood parameters. Our study aimed to investigate the additional prognostic value of routine blood parameters in predicting epilepsy outcomes. Methods: We analyzed data from 1,782 patients who underwent routine blood tests within 90 days of their first visit and had a minimum follow-up duration of three years. The etiological types were structural (35.1%), genetic (14.2%), immune (4.7%), infectious (2.9%), and unknown (42.6%). The outcome was defined as the presence of seizures in the last year. Results: Initially, a multivariate analysis was conducted based on clinical variables, MRI, and EEG data. This analysis revealed that sex, age of onset, epileptiform discharge, structural etiology, and the number of antiseizure medications were related to the outcome, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.708. Among the blood parameters, fibrinogen, bilirubin, uric acid, and aPTT were significant, with AUCs of 0.602, 0.597, 0.455, and 0.549, respectively. Including these blood parameters in the analysis slightly improved the AUC to 0.713. Conclusions: Some blood parameters were found to be related to the final outcome, potentially paving the way to understanding the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and drug resistance.
P=NP in the Three Dimensions of Time
Authors: mousavi seyed kazem
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the P versus NP problem is studied based on a six-dimensional space-time perspective. The gap between the P-class and NP-class arises from the relationship between time and the solution, as well as the answer that is independent of time. The complexity of solving a problem depends on the time dependence of the answer. Solving problems whose answers do not depend on the passage of time is very difficult and impossible. Like the description of the gravitational factor in Newtonian physics, NP class problems require different mathematical tools. Based on the generalization of physical facts in mathematics, based on six-dimensional space-time, a method to solve problem P versus NP problem has been stated. The results of this study offer a fresh insight into information processing that occurs independent of the passage of time.
Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of Three Cleomaceae Species in China: Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: Shi Dawei , Zhang Ruijia , Zhao Lejia , Li Youyan
Published: August 2024

Cleomaceae is an important group that is medicinally and economically important. However, its systematic position has been controversial. In this study, we have obtained three chloroplast genomes sequencing results of Cleomaceae species. The genome sizes ranged from 157,073 bp (Sieruela rutidosperma) to 158,152 bp (Gynandropsis gynandra). These chloroplast genomes have a typical quadripartite formation with a large single-copy (LSC) region (86,422-87,242bp), a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,485-18,548bp), and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (26,083-26,184bp). The chloroplast genomes encoded 131-132 genes, comprising 8 rRNA genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 79-84 protein-coding genes. The overall GC contents of the three chloroplast genomes are almost identical (35.81%-36.02%). The phylogenetic trees concluding 8 Cleomaceae plants were constructed based on ML and BI methods. The results showed that Gynandropsis gynandra and Sieruela rutidosperma were in the same branch, with Corynandra viscosa as their sister. Six hypervariable areas were identified, containing clpP, matK, ndhF, atpH-atpI, atpF-atpH and petN-psbM which could be used in species identification and population genetics studies. This study provides valuable information for further species identification, evolutionary and genetic studies of Cleomaceae in the future.
Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pemanfaatan Cyber Extension oleh Penyuluh Pertanian Lapangan (PPL) di Kabupaten Bima
Authors: Fadillah Nurul , Padmaningrum Dwiningtyas , Rusdiyana Eksa
Published: August 2024

Cyber extension is a website-based application that provides information related to agriculture. Field agricultural extension workers (PPL) in Bima Regency still have not optimized the cyber extension function to share information. This research aims to analyze the influence of PPL and cyber extension innovation characteristics on the use of cyber extension by PPL in Bima Regency. This research uses a quantitative approach, and data analysis uses multiple linear regression tests. The research results show that age (X1) and formal education (X2) do not affect the use of cyber extension by PPL in Bima Regency. Non-formal education (training) (X3) and characteristics of cyber extension innovation (X4) have a positive effect on the use of cyber extension by PPL in Bima Regency. Thus, the intensity of cyber training can be increased to 4 times a year. Emphasizing the aspect of writing articles, the information shared can be developed so that it can vary in the form of video, audio in the form of podcasts, and also documentation in the form of photos of activities.
Persepsi Pemuda terhadap Pekerjaan sebagai Petani di Desa Klepu, Kecamatan Butuh, Kabupaten Purworejo
Authors: Muflikhan Muhammad , Lestari Eny , Suwarto Suwarto
Published: August 2024

Agriculture is the primary support of a country, especially in rural areas. Klepu Village is a village in the Butuh Sub-district that still relies on agriculture as its main livelihood. However, the majority of farmers are now aged 40 and over. The younger generation tends to be more interested in working in other sectors than agriculture. This study examines and analyzes the perception of youth members of the Setya Bhakti youth organization in Klepu Village towards the farming profession. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Informants were selected using purposive sampling with a total of 16 people consisting of leader and members of the youth organization, and the village head. The research data consists of primary and secondary data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation and validated using method triangulation and source triangulation. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive analysis method by Miles and Huberman. The study results indicate that the informants consider agriculture still viable for sustaining life in the village. Moreover, agriculture is still seen as a profession with good time flexibility, allowing work hours to be adjusted according to needs. Based on the interviews, the youth in Klepu Village are generally less interested in working in the agricultural sector. In the future, the government will pay more attention to the agricultural industry so that young people consider farming a viable livelihood.
Effect of Capital and Personnel Expenditures on the Level of Regional Financial Autonomy in Yogyakarta
Authors: Nafisya Aliyana Salma , Faiz Ihda Arifin
Published: August 2024

Yogyakarta has high spending on capital and personnel expenditures, with the regional financial dependency rate remaining high. This study investigates the impact of capital and personnel expenditures on Yogyakarta's level of regional financial autonomy. This study utilized a quantitative method and analyzed data from all regencies and cities in Yogyakarta between 2015 and 2022. A total of 40 observations were based on a purposive sampling approach and examined using linear regression. The findings indicate that both variables have a significant negative impact on the level of regional financial autonomy. The study results can guide future financial management strategies for the regional government. In addition, this study contributes to the understanding of regional financial autonomy characteristics, particularly in Yogyakarta.
Community-Engaged Survey Approach to Pandemic Impacts on Marginalized Communities, Massachusetts, 2020–2021
Authors: Cardoso Lauren F. , Lin Ta-wei , Egan Justine , Stack Caroline , Selk Sabrina , Beatriz Elizabeth , Wood Ben , Song Glory , Fitzsimmons Kathleen , Sparer-Fine Emily , Atkins Abigail , Ursprung W.W. Sanouri
Published: August 2024

Objectives. To describe how an innovative, community-engaged survey illuminated previously unmeasured pandemic inequities and informed health equity investments.

Methods. The methodological approach of Massachusetts’ COVID-19 Community Impact Survey, a cross-sectional online survey, was driven by key health equity principles: prioritizing community engagement, gathering granular and intersectional data, capturing root causes, elevating community voices, expediting analysis for timeliness, and creating data-to-action pathways. Data collection was deployed statewide in 11 languages from 2020 to 2021.

Results. The embedded equity principles resulted in a rich data set and enabled analyses of populations previously undescribed. The final sample included 33 800 respondents including unprecedented numbers of populations underrepresented in traditional data sources. Analyses indicated that pandemic impacts related to basic needs, discrimination, health care access, workplace protections, employment, and mental health disproportionately affected these priority populations, which included Asian American/Pacific Islanders and parents.

Conclusions. Equity-centered data approaches allow for analyses of populations previously invisible in surveillance data, enable more equitable public health action, and are both possible and necessary to deploy in state health departments. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S7):S599–S609. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307800 )
State Department of Health’s Equitable Funding Allocation Methodology to Address COVID-19 Health Disparities Among High-Risk and Underserved Populations
Authors: Abelson Jamie M. , Burgess Hannah , Limtiaco Frances , Long Elisabeth , Brown Brittany Ribeiro , Hannawalt-Morales Daniel , Allen Eric , Watkins Daphne C.
Published: August 2024

The Washington State Department of Health developed an equitable funding allocation methodology incorporating quantitative and qualitative decision-making components. We describe the methodology and an implementation evaluation performed by an external evaluation team using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) evaluation framework. The evaluation team concluded that the methodology was developed in a way that used a racial equity lens and prioritized intersectionalities in the communities that the funding was intended to serve. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S7):S575–S579. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307833 )
REPRESENTASI MAKNA PEMIMPIN DALAM FILM OMAR
Authors: Halim Abdul , Akbar Prabowo Galih
Published: August 2024

Kepemimpinan atau leadership adalah kemampuan seseorang untuk mempengaruhi orang lain agar bekerja sama sesuai dengan rencana untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Pada tahap awal ini peneliti menemukan beberapa fenomena yang terjadi seperti: kurangnya kesadaran adanya keadilan dalam kepemimpinan. Banyaknya keputusan pemimpin yang tidak mewakili kehendak rakyatnya. Di era seperti ini keadilan adalah hal yang sangat minim akan keberadaan dan penerapan dalam dunia bernegara dan bermasyarakat. Salah satu bentuk penjabaran dan penggambaran wujud sederhana serta keadilan dalam bentuk kepemimpinan di dalam salah satu film dengan judul Omar dengan penggambaran dari beberapa scene di film tersebut, dengan nama tokoh Umar bin Khattab. Dan diharapkan dengan adanya beberapa scene di film tersebut dapat memberikan contoh keadilan yang seharusnya diterapkan oleh seorang pemimpin di zaman sekarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebagai berikut: untuk mengetahui signifier dan signified tentang pemimpin di film Omar. untuk menganalisis representasi makna pemimpin yang tervisualisasikan di dalam film Omar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian kualitatif cocok dengan objek yang akan diteliti untuk mengungkapkan maknanya yaitu: lambang, tanda, bahkan simbol yang ada di dalam film Omar. Analisis Ferdinand de Saussure, kajian media massa memuat pesan dan makna dalam materinya.
Medición de lapses en seguros de vida mediante modelos de predicción
Authors: Zamora Puentes Yenni Paola , Peña Rincón Carlos Arturo , Martínez Navas Hermes J.
Published: August 2024

Las compañías de seguros están en constante medición de sus persistencias, por ello, identificar y analizar las tasas de cancelación denominadas lapses o tasas de caducidad, se ha convertido en una actividad de gran importancia debido a su rol determinante para tomar decisiones administrativas y financieras. Entender la dinámica de esta variable facilita la toma de decisiones, y permite identificar las variables que ocasionan cancelaciones de pólizas, es decir: el género, la edad, la ciudad, el tipo de producto, entre otros. Estas variables caracterizan el perfil del asegurado y condicionan una mayor o menor probabilidad de cancelar la póliza. Para analizar los perfiles de asegurados, se consideró utilizar modelos de regresión logística, redes neuronales y máquinas de soporte vectorial, con precisión de 73 %, 81,53 % y 60 %, respectivamente, mediante una base de datos de asegurados del mercado de Colombia con 134 102 registros, con 8 variables, lo que permitió predecir la probabilidad de cancelación y de renovación de una póliza de seguro de vida de acuerdo con las condiciones de las variables que perfilan a un asegurado.
DELIMITAÇÃO E DIAGNÓSTICO DE SITUAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE NO SEMIÁRIDO MINEIRO
Authors: Ferreira Alves Rik , Henrique Cepolini Ferreira Gustavo
Published: August 2024

O presente trabalho analisa a definição de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) estabelecida pela legislação vigente e, através da construção de um sistema de informações geográficas, busca identificar as APPs nos municípios do Semiárido Mineiro e diagnosticar a situação de degradação e conservação nestas áreas. Para subsidiar a delimitação das APPs foram usados dados de MDTs e da base hidrográfica da Agência Nacional de Águas, entre outras informações sobre cobertura do solo na região. Quanto ao diagnóstico, lançou-se mão da classificação de uso e cobertura do solo do MapBiomas para a identificação das áreas degradadas dentro das APPs. Os resultados obtidos apontam para um forte potencial de degradação das APPs hídricas pela atividade agropecuária, o que explica a baixa degradação das APPs de relevo. Conclui-se que a construção de um banco de dados geográficos pode auxiliar na análise e tomada de decisão quanto à degradação das áreas de preservação em escala regional.
HIERARQUIA ENTRE OS RIOS MAMURU E UAICURAPÁ, NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO AMAZONAS (BRASIL)
Authors: Fernandes Andrei Tavares , Azevedo Filho João D'Anuzio Menezes de , Batista Ieda Hotêncio
Published: August 2024

A hierarquia de drenagens fluviais auxilia estudos morfométricos de bacias hidrográficas e permite o conhecimento das estruturas de ordens das drenagens fluviais. Esse processo automatizado por software de Geoprocessamento, possibilita a rápida classificação das hierarquias fluviais e auxilia na definição correta dos topônimos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a hierarquia dos rios Mamuru e Uaicurapá, na divisa dos estados brasileiros, Amazonas e Pará, por meio dos métodos de hierarquização de canais de Strahler, comprimento de rios e definição de área de contribuição. Como resultado, classificou-se o rio Mamuru como rio principal de 8ª ordem e extensão estimada em 253,8 km e o rio Uaicurapá, como rio afluente de 7ª ordem com extensão de 84,9 km e ainda, a área de contribuição do rio Mamuru estimada em 9.943 km2 e Uaicurapá com 1.760 km2. Essas características junto aos diagnósticos socioambientais subsidiam à gestão ambiental e em especial à gestão dos recursos hídricos, num contexto amazônico onde há lacunas de levantamentos compatíveis às sub-bacias e microbacias hidrográficas.
Assessing Water Quality in Arid Agricultural Regions: A Comprehensive Study in the command area of Jayakwadi Dam Maharashtra, India
Authors: Wadghane Rahul , Madguni Omprakash , Mulla Amir
Published: August 2024

This study assesses water quality in the Jayakwadi Dam command area, Maharashtra, India, crucial for drinking and irrigation.
Utilizing the Water Quality Index (WQI) with parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total alkalinity, the research addresses water scarcity and challenges posed by intense sugarcane cultivation. A multi-stage random sampling approach collected 104 water samples, and GIS and interpolation methods facilitated spatial distribution mapping.
Results reveal pH variations, suggesting the need for water treatment, and elevated EC and TDS levels indicating salinity issues and potential health risks. Most areas show acceptable total alkalinity. Spatial analysis underscores the unsuitability of a majority of samples for drinking, prompting recommendations for salt-tolerant crops and enhanced soil permeability.
The study concludes that WQI is crucial for objective water quality assessment, offering insights for stakeholders to improve water quality and sustainable agriculture practices. Future research should consider additional parameters for a comprehensive understanding of water management.
The worst-class tropical cyclone-generated high waves identified by seismic noises
Authors: Shimura Tomoya , Yamada Masumi , Mori Nobuhito , Miyashita Takuya
Published: August 2024

The extreme winds of tropical cyclones generate high waves over the ocean, causing severe damage to offshore facilities and coastal communities1. Disaster mitigation requires accurate prediction and forecasting of the worst-class high waves. Furthermore, wave development, an entity of momentum loss from a tropical cyclone, determines the intensity of the tropical cyclone2. However, the physics of wave development is not fully understood, and the number of mid-ocean observations during extreme tropical cyclones is extremely insufficient3. Therefore, physically and statistically evaluating worst-class high waves is difficult. However, ocean waves excite seismic noise (microseisms)4,5,6. Here, we utilize long-term microseisms observed by seismic observation networks7 to identify historical worst-class tropical cyclone-generated high-wave events around Japan. The identification is facilitated by using microseism energy within an 8–10 s period, and we show that Typhoon Wipha in 2013, Typhoon Lan in 2017, and Typhoon Hagibis in 2019 were the worst-class events in the past 20 years. Here, we show that microseism observations contain rich information on the development and propagation of waves depending on wave frequency, leading to a better understanding of the physics of high waves and accurate predictions of worst-class events.
Transcriptomic, cellular, and functional signatures of white matter damage in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Biswal Bharat , Li Yilu , Wang Pan , Peng Jinzhong , Liu Lin , Zhang Fanyu , Iturria-Medina Yasser , Yao Dezhong
Published: August 2024

Anatomical white matter (WM) alterations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been widely reported, but functional WM dysregulation in AD has been rarely investigated. The current study focuses on characterizing WM functional and network properties alterations in participants with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and on further describing their spatially overlapping gene expression patterns. Both AD and MCI shared decreased functional connectivity, clustering coefficient and local efficiency within WM regions involved in impaired sensory-motor, visual-spatial, language or memory function. Notably, observed AD-specific dysfunction (i.e., AD vs. MCI and cognitively unimpaired participants) was predominantly located in WM, including anterior and posterior limb of internal capsule, corona radiata and left tapetum. This WM dysfunction spatially correlates with gene expression of BCHE and SLC24A4, enriched in multiple biological processes such as brain development and behavior, and mostly active in endothelial cells. These findings may represent a substantial contribution to the understanding of molecular, cellular, and functional signatures associated with WM damage in AD.
Impact of nutrition on students’ achievements: Evidence from Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Kholti Saad , Liouaeddine Mariem , JOUHARI Youssra
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the impact of school canteen nutrition on the academic performance of students in sub-Saharan Africa using data from the PASEC-2019 survey. Employing propensity score matching, we found a significant positive effect of school canteens on students' math and reading scores. Specifically, the impact was estimated at 20.46 points for mathematics and 25.49 points for reading. The effect varied by gender, with girls showing slightly greater improvements: an average increase of 21.46 points in mathematics and 27.10 points in reading, compared to 19.91 and 25.33 points for boys, respectively. However, disparities were observed between countries, with some showing significant impacts while others did not. This comparative analysis underscores the role of school canteens as a crucial factor in enhancing educational outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.
Secured Fog Computing Based Framework for Intelligent Health Diagnosis Using Deep Learning and Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Kadu Ankush Kadu , Singh Manwinder Singh , Gandam Anudeep Gandam , Gupta Gunjan Gupta , Malik Praveen Malik , Singh Rajesh Singh
Published: August 2024

With the proliferation of IoT devices and cloud-based data processing technologies, cutting-edge smart, linked healthcare systems may be created. Smart healthcare systems examine patient data collected by the Internet of Things to improve treatment quality and lower healthcare expenditures. The amount of data produced by the billions of IoT devices connected to the Cloud-of-Things (CoT) is a significant problem for these systems. By bridging the gap between Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets and cloud computing, fog computing infrastructure provides a possible answer. It has the potential to provide low-latency, high-efficiency processing and storage for the Internet of Things at a tiny scale. However, privacy-preservation concerns are a major issue for healthcare systems due to the sensitive nature of patient data. In this study, we offer a unique secured computing architecture for intelligent healthcare diagnosis systems. For the sake of in-formation safety, a lightweight and trustworthy user authentication mechanism is made available. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data are used as input to an intelligent diagnosis system that use deep learning techniques to automate the identification of epileptic seizures. Security and performance evaluations, which compare the proposed technique to the current method for seizure prediction, show that it is secure and efficient.
A novel spherical fuzzy-based decision model for assessing Data management maturity in governmental institutions
Authors: AlFadhli Muna Salem , Ayvaz Berk , Kucukvar Murat , Alkhereibi Aya Hasan , Onat Nuri , Al-Maadeed Somaya
Published: August 2024

The capability of government institutions to manage data effectively is fundamental to their operational efficiency and innovation potential. Governments face unique challenges, including rapid data generation, evolving regulations, and demands for quality services and transparency. This necessitates a tailored approach to data governance, given the complexities of balancing public interests with data privacy. This study aims to establish a robust framework for evaluating the data management maturity of Government Entities by developing an evaluative metric that reflects their data management maturity. Our approach involved gathering and synthesizing dispersed principles from existing literature into a set of definitive criteria. The criteria were subjectively weighted by an expert panel to reflect the significance of each criterion in a government setting. For methodology, the study pioneers the hybridization of Spherical Fuzzy Sets (SFSs) built on the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) and the Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) model. The criteria weighting was methodically calculated using the CRITIC method, and the subsequent evaluation of the alternatives was ascertained through EDAS. This combination of methodologies effectively reduced subjective bias, yielding a more reliable foundation for the rankings. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to confirm the robustness of the presented methodology when subjected to variations. To verify the validity of the developed method, we compared the SF- CRITIC & SF-EDAS approach with the SF-AHP & SF-EDAS, SF-CRITIC & SF-TOPSIS, the SF-CRITIC & SF-WPM, the SF-CRITIC & SF-MARCOS. The results showcased a spectrum of maturity levels across the evaluated entities, pinpointing both commendable proficiencies and key areas for growth. This research presents a strategic asset for government bodies, aiding in the targeted enhancement of their data management systems. The broader implications of our findings serve as a strategic compass for governmental organizations, steering them toward achieving a higher echelon of data management sophistication.
Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation and Retained Blood-associated Complications After Surgical Revascularisation Using Portable Digital Versus Conventional Drainage System: a Large Retrospective Study
Authors: Kalisnik Jurij M. , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Zujs Vitalijs , Hropot Tim , Krohn Jan-Niklas , Batashev Islam , Sirch Joachim , Fischlein Theodor
Published: August 2024

Objectives
Retained blood syndrome (RBS) is a potentially dangerous consequence of ineffective drainage after heart surgery. Active chest tube clearance decreases RBS and postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). The present study assessed if a portable digital drainage system confers similar effects on postoperative outcomes.
Methods
Prospectively collected data from 1042 consecutive patients with sinus rhythm undergoing first-time surgical revascularization using cardiopulmonary bypass were considered and 863 analyzed retrospectively. Patients with conventional drainage were compared to patients with a portable digital drainage device. Propensity adjustment including comorbidities, anti-aggregating and preoperative medication, hematocrit, perisurgical parameters including chest tube placement, was applied for outcome assessment.
Results
Among conventionally drained patients, 14.8% had interventions for RBS, with 4.9% reexploration for bleeding/tamponade. Portable digital drainage patients had RBS in 5.3% with 1.4% needing reexploration for bleeding/tamponade (p < 0.001 and 0.024, respectively). Propensity-adjusted patients had 37% reduced incidence of POAF from 29.9% (111 out of 371) in conventional to 18.7% (92 out of 492) in the portable digital drainage cohort (p = 0.002). In-hospital mortality was 1.6% (6 out of 371) in conventional versus 0.8% (4 out of 492) in the portable digital drainage cohort (adjusted p = 0.364).
Conclusions
The portable digital drainage device used was associated with reduced POAF and RBS interventions. Effective chest drainage immediately at termination of surgery is crucial to minimize intrathoracic RBS associated complications.
GCLC desuccinylation regulated by oxidative stress protects human cancer cells from ferroptosis
Authors: Zhao Yongliang , Chen Zixiang , Niu Kaifeng , Li Mengge , Deng Yuchun , Zhang Ji , Wei Di , Wang Jiaqi
Published: August 2024

Tumor cells evolve strong antioxidant capacities to counteract the abnormal high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumor microenvironment. Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalyzing subunit (GCLC) for synthesis of antioxidant glutathione (GSH) represents the key enzyme to maintain redox homeostasis of tumor cells, however, whether its activity is regulated by posttranslational modifications, such as succinylation, remains to be clarified. Here, we demonstrate the existence of succinylation modification on GCLC by in vitro and in vivo assays. NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin-2 (SIRT2) serves as the desuccinylase and catalyzes GCLC desuccinylation at sites of K38, K126 and K326. Specifically, GCLC directly interacts with SIRT2, which can be substantially enhanced upon ROS treatment. This strengthened association results in GCLC desuccinylation and activation, consequently promoting GSH synthesis and rendering cancer cells resistant to ferroptosis induction. Depletion of SIRT2 decreases total GSH level and meanwhile increases the cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis, which can mostly be rescued by introducing wild type GCLC, but not its 3K-E mutant. Thus, SIRT2-regulated GCLC succinylation represents an essential signaling axis for cancer cells to maintain their redox balance in coping with oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis.
Association between Systemic Immune-inflammation Index and Decreased Kidney Function in Patients with Early Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Jinshi , Liu Yueming , Xu Baihui , Zhu Bin
Published: August 2024

The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a newly developed biomarker to assess inflammation, which plays a crucial role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of the investigation was to examine the connection between SII and early CKD. Retrospective clinical data from patients admitted to the Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital between 1996 and 2022 were analyzed. SII was calculated as platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope as the difference between the first and last observed eGFR divided by the year interval. The independent connection between Sll and eGFR slope was explored employing the curves of Kaplan–Meier survival, Multivariable regression analysis, and subgroup analysis. This study included 3,419 patients who were separated into four groups depending on SII quartiles, with early decreased kidney function defined as eGFR slope ≥ 1. After adjustment for covariates, the adjusted HR (95%CIs) for the second, third, fourth quartiles were 1.36(1.18,1.56), 1.28(1.11,1.47) and 1.30(1.13,1.51), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed elevated SII levels were related to early CKD in patients aged ≤ 65, male, with no history of diabetes mellitus, and with or without hypertension. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that with increasing SII levels, the cumulative renal survival rate (eGFR slope < 1) significantly decreased. Our findings suggest that SII may act as a valuable novel marker for anticipating prognosis in individuals with early-stage CKD.
Association between percent body fat and the risk of prediabetes among Chinese adults: a 5-years longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Li Xin , Yu Haomiao , Yu Ke , Huang Zhenhua , Deng Zhe
Published: August 2024

Background
Our study aimed to explore the potential influence of percent body fat (PBF) on the risk of developing prediabetes in Chinese individuals, considering the scarce evidence available on this relationship.
Methods
This study included 184,268 Chinese adults in a retrospective cohort design. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models along with cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting to examine the correlation between initial PBF and the likelihood of prediabetes, investigating its nonlinear connection. We performed a variety of sensitivity and subgroup analyses to confirm the strength of our results.
Results
After adjusting for covariates, the study found a positive correlation between the PBF and the risk of prediabetes (HR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.25–1.32, p < 0.0001).The risk of prediabetes increased progressively across quartiles of the PBF (Q1 to Q4), with Q4 showing a significantly higher risk compared to Q1.Additionally, there was a nonlinear correlation found between PBF and the likelihood of prediabetes, showing a turning point at 29.5.On the left side of the turning point, the hazard ratio was 1.13 with a 95% confidence interval from 1.08 to 1.19, whereas on the right side, the hazard ratio was 1.49 with a 95% confidence interval from 1.41 to 1.57.Interaction analysis showed that gender interacted with PBF.
Conclusion
In our research, we discovered a curved connection between PBF and the emergence of prediabetes in Chinese people, with a turning point at 29.5. Reducing PBF to below 29.5 may help maintain a lower risk of developing prediabetes.
Sequencing confirms Anopheles stephensi distribution across southern Yemen
Authors: Baheshm Yasser A , Zayed Alia , Awash Abdullah A , Follis Madison , Terreri Payton , Samake Jeanne N. , Aljasari Adel , Harwood James F. , Lenhart Audrey , Zohdy Sarah , Al-Eryani Samira M. , Carter Tamar E.
Published: August 2024

The invasion of Anopheles stephensi in Africa warrants investigation of neighboring countries. In this study, genetic analysis was applied to determine the status of An. stephensi in southern Yemen. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) were sequenced in An. stephensi collected in Aden City, Lahj, Rodoom, Al Mukalla, and Sayhut, and phylogenetic analysis confirmed An. stephensi identity. Our analyses revealed that the ITS2 sequence were identical in all An. stephensi, while COI analysis revealed two haplotypes, one previously reported in northern Horn of Africa and one identified in this study for the first time. Overall, these findings revealed low levels of mitochondrial DNA diversity, which is consistent with a recent population introduction in parts of southern Yemen. Further whole genomic analysis is needed to elucidate the original connection with invasive populations of An. stephensi in the Horn of Africa.
The impact of distracting factors on reaction time in student drivers and non-drivers
Authors: Pieknik-Janiszewska Magdalena , Maciaszek Janusz
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of two different types of music and cognitive task on students’ reaction time and additionally to compare results of two groups: drivers and non-drivers. Reaction tests associated with driving-related skills were conducted on 52 students aged 18–25, 33 of them were drivers and 19 were no-drivers. Tests included three parameters: choice reaction time, the number of correct reactions and the number of no reactions and were conducted in four conditions: in silence (control test), with energetic music, with relaxing music and with cognitive task (answering questions). It turned out that results of all three parameters were better in silence and with music than while doing cognitive task. There were no differences between the two examined groups.
Understanding the maternal sepsis patient journey in Malawi: “I called for help, but they showed no interest in helping me”.
Authors: Chimwaza Yamikani , Chapuma Chikondi , Ndamala Chifundo , Lifa Emily , Machilika Mercy , Dossie Bernard , Kwelepeta Meliya , Maseko Bertha , Lissauer David , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda , Odland Maria Lisa
Published: August 2024

Background: In Malawi, there is limited understanding of the personal experiences of women who have survived severe maternal infections that lead to sepsis and of their perspectives on the care they receive. It is essential to consider women's experiences to improve the quality of care for severe maternal outcomes and provide responsive, person-centered care. This study aimed to explore the experiences of maternal sepsis survivors in Malawi to improve sepsis care and management.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted from April to May 2023 in Blantyre, Malawi. Pregnant, postpartum, and postabortion women older than 16 yearswho had sepsis were included in the study via purposive sampling. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at the women's homes or at convenient locations. We conducted a thematic analysis using the Three-Delays and Respectful Maternity Care frameworks to analyze the interview data.
Results: Women with sepsis face multiple barriers to accessing care, mainly delays in receiving adequate and appropriate care at health facilities. The keybarriers mentioned by participants included inadequate monitoring, inadequate clinical management of infections, delays in diagnosis and treatment, and delays in providing lifesaving obstetric skills. Some women also experienced mistreatment by healthcare providers, such as verbal abuse, neglect, abandonment, lack of dignity, disrespect, denial of care, and inequitable treatment. Additionally, some women continue to experience long-term physical and psychological complications from maternal sepsis.
Conclusion: Exploring women’s experiences reveals key barriers women face throughout their sepsis journey. Patient narratives of near-miss experiences can inform policy and practice to improve maternal healthcare. System-wide interventions need to be implemented to improve the management of maternal infections and sepsis so that Malawi can reduce preventable maternal morbidity and mortality, achieving its global maternal health targets.
An antioxidant nanozyme for targeted cardiac fibrosis therapy post myocardial infarction
Authors: Gu Ziyi , Liu Xueliang , Qi Zhen , Fang Zhou , Jiang Yiting , Huang Yuting , Wang Yongyi , Wu Lianming , Yang Yu
Published: August 2024

The excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after myocardial infarction (MI) disrupts the natural healing process, leading to cardiac fibrosis and compromising patient prognosis. However, the clinical application of many antioxidant drugs for MI treatment is hindered by their poor antioxidant efficacy and inability to specifically target the heart. Here we developed a tannic acid-modified MnO2 nanozyme (named MnO2@TA), which can achieve cardiac targeting to inhibit post-MI fibrosis and enhance cardiac function. Specifically, the MnO2@TA nanozyme, endowed with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, effectively scavenges ROS, suppressing fibroblast activation and mitigating cardiac fibrosis without affecting cardiac repair. Notably, the incorporation of TA improves the nanozyme's affinity for the elastin and collagen-rich extracellular matrix in cardiac tissues, significantly increasing its retention and uptake within the heart and thereby enhancing its anti-fibrotic efficacy. In a murine myocardial infarction model, MnO2@TA demonstrates remarkable cardiac protection, significantly improving cardiac function while attenuating cardiac fibrosis. This study presents a valuable reference for clinical research aimed at inhibiting cardiac fibrosis and advancing myocardial infarction treatments.
The advantageous of O-ARM in order to reduce the domain of search area in motion artifact correction methods: a Feasibility Study
Authors: Sokout Mohammad Sajad , Ghorbanian Ashkan , Beigzadeh Borhan
Published: August 2024

Image-guided surgery (IGS) has become one of the most practical, safest, and fastest procedures. One of its most crucial requirements is to have high-quality and high-speed CT images during the operation. This achievement has been realized through the O-Arm configuration. In this regard, numerous efforts have been made to correct motion artifacts caused by respiration, with the most effective and operational solution being the autofocus method. Despite the impressive results of this method, there are still concerns about the autofocus method, including the decrease in the accuracy of results with increasing patient movement and the significant time and computing performance required for this method in cases of extensive motion. To address this issue, a 3D CBCT Imaging system was designed, with a focus on selecting motion mechanism via estimated design parameters relating to weights and dimensions. In this study, the real model was simulated using ADAMS software including characterization of selected components and mathematical-dynamical model was developed, and controlled. We considered a reliable hypothetical respiration path as input to the designed system. The tracking accuracy of the applied control system can maintain errors within 1mm for the X- and Y-axis, and 1.5mm for the Z-axis after two respiration cycles for an ideal model of the respiration; such error for Z-axis is about 2mm for actual respiration data. Tracking the rigid motion of patients leads to a reduction of the search area in the autofocus correction method for compensating deformable motion, which can directly impact computational efforts. This dual impact approach is observed in the computational cost of the correction algorithm and the level of error.
Application of amine-modified tannins gels as coagulants in wastewater treatment
Authors: Thelmmer M. , Ncube S. , Moyo L. B. , Mamvura T. A. , Danha Gwiranai , Simate G. S. , Tshuma N
Published: August 2024

Tannin (T) is an organic substance that may potentially be used as an inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and effective bio-coagulant to remove impurities from residential and commercial wastewater. In this study, bio-coagulants were prepared using tannins obtained from the wattle tree (Acacia mearnsii). The bio-coagulants were modified using formalin and optionally, ethanolamine (ETA) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as amine sources through the Mannich Reaction scheme. Three coagulants were prepared, T-ETA modified tannin, T-NH4Cl modified tannin and a mixture of T-ETA: T-NH4Cl in molar ratio 1:1. Aluminium sulphate [Al2(SO4)3], a metal-coagulant was also used as the standard for comparison. The three coagulants were tested at varied concentrations (500–1250 mg/L) using jar tests on laundry wastewater to see their effect on remediation of wastewater. A mixture of bio-coagulant T-NH4Cl and T-ETA was most effective with highest removal efficiencies for turbidity (94%), COD (85%), Total solids (87%) and nitrates (99%). For colour removal T-NH4Cl modified tannin showed the highest removal efficiency of 92%. The results support the use of cheaper and environmentally friendly amine modified tannin-based flocculants in laundry wastewater treatment as they showed less toxicity on the treated water.
Diagnostic clue for cutaneous characteristics of streptococcus pyogenes infection after COVID-19 epidemic in pediatrics in Beijing
Authors: Li Hongxin , Zhao Yong , Gao Ying , Fan Zhaoyang , Xu Jing , Liu Yan , Wei Yajun , Zhu Qing , Zhang Hongli , Hu Jin
Published: August 2024

Background
Recent studies have presented an increase in group A streptococcal (GAS) infections especially after COVID-19 epidermic. We aim to identify cutaneous characteristics of GAS infection after epidemic in pediatrics and investigate the molecular epidemiology.
Methods
Demographic data, laboratory examination, pharyngeal and cutaneous swab samples were collected. Rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and cultures was performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to the distribution of conventional antibiotics and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. emm (M protein coding gene) typing was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results
A total of 60 GAS strains were collected during 2023. We identified 15 generalized GAS infection patients, median age 91.47-month. 12 patients had + RADTs. Patients had preceding illnesses, including upper respiratory tract infections, pharyngitis, sore throat and paronychia/blistering dactylitis/ hand and foot abscess. 10 patients had fever within one month before onset of GAS infection, including influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and mycoplasma pneumoniae. 10 patients have abnormal blood routine, 3 patients had urine routine and electrocardiogram. The most common emm type was emm12.0 (11, 73.33%), followed by emm12.67 (2, 13.33%). GAS isolates were sensitive to penicillin, ceftriaxone.
Study limitations
The number of patients evaluated by this study can still be considered limited; other than that, our study is a single center, which many lead to bias. Further research is needed to explore the mechanism.
Conclusions
GAS strains included from patient's throat, skin, urinary tract infection and female genital tract infection have been identified as the same GAS strains, with the same emm subtypes. Paronychia/blistering dactylitis/ hand and foot abscess is diagnostic clue for cutaneous characteristics GAS. There is association among GAS infection, emmtype and clinical manifestations.
A Mathematical Investigation into the Interconnected Dynamics of Closeness and Breastfeeding Patterns
Authors: Manickam A. , Murugeswari K. , Chakraborty Somenath , Mallik Saurav
Published: August 2024

In this study, the generalized birth & death processes, a subclass of Semi-Markov processes are introduced, and some qualitative results of modelling degradation processes are produced. The long-term influences of closeness and breastfeeding are simulated by using the mathematical dynamics. The processes unique parameterization is given in a more user-friendly presentation of the outcomes. The conditional state probabilities associated with the cycles, which are particularly relevant to degradation processes, give special emphasis. A non-linear mathematical model is introduced along with necessary experimental observations to study the given medical problem.
Reconstructing damaged fNIRS signals with a generative deep learning model
Authors: Zhi Yingxu , Zhang Baiqiang , Xu Bingxin , Wan Fei , Niu Haijing
Published: August 2024

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology offers a promising avenue for assessing brain function across participant groups. Despite its numerous advantages, the fNIRS technique often faces challenges such as noise contamination and motion artifacts from data collection. Methods for improving fNIRS signal quality are urgently needed, especially with the development of wearable fNIRS equipment and corresponding applications in natural environments. To solve these issues, we propose a generative deep learning approach to recover damaged fNIRS signals from one or more measurement channels. The model could capture spatial and temporal variations in the time series of fNIRS data by integrating multiscale convolutional layers, gated recurrent units (GRUs), and linear regression analyses. Several extensive experiments were conducted on a dataset of healthy elderly individuals to assess the performance of the model. Collectively, the results demonstrate that the proposed model can accurately reconstruct damaged time series for individual channels while preserving intervariable relationships. Under two simulated scenarios of multichannel damage, the model maintains robust reconstruction accuracy and consistency in terms of functional connectivity. Our findings underscore the potential of generative deep learning techniques in reconstructing damaged fNIRS signals, offering a novel perspective for accurate data provision in clinical diagnosis and brain research.