bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TConNS: A Novel Time-varying Context-aware Offloading Strategy for Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Zheng Meiguang , Li Jie , Hu Yu , Xiao Hui , Hu Zhigang
Published: June 2023

Mobility is a fundamental feature of mobile edge computing. Due to the mobility of users, the contextual attributes of cloudlets such as server resources and network state will dynamically change with time during offloading, showing time-varying and fuzzy characteristics. To this end, how to make efficient offloading decision to provide low-latency, low-power and highly reliable services in MEC has become a critical issue. In this paper, we propose a time-varying context-aware cloudlet decision algorithm based on neutrosophic set (TConNS). Firstly, we establish a representation model of the multi-dimensional time-varying context of candidate cloudlets, including the mobile residence time. Secondly, we adopt the backward generator of cloud model theory to transform the contextual raw data into a single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) with the expression ability for fuzzy information. Finally, we use a series of appropriate operations under the own unique computing system of neutrosophic set to obtain the best cloudlet. Extensive experiments show that TConNS reduces the average response time by about 49\% and the average energy consumption by about 46\%, and also reduces the number of task failures.
Assessing unConventional Evidence (ACE) tool: development and content of a tool to assess the strengths and limitations of ‘unconventional’ source materials
Authors: Lewin Simon , Langlois Etienne V , Tunçalp Özge , Portela Anayda
Published: June 2023

Background

When deciding whether to implement an intervention, decision makers typically have questions on feasibility and acceptability and on factors affecting implementation. Descriptions of programme implementation and of policies and systems are rich sources of information for these questions. However, this information is often not based on empirical data collected using explicit methods. To use the information in unconventional source materials in syntheses or other decision support products, we need methods of assessing their strengths and limitations. This paper describes the development and content of the Assessing unConventional Evidence (ACE) tool, a new tool to assess the strengths and limitations of these sources.

Methods

We developed the ACE tool in four stages: first, we examined existing tools to identify potentially relevant assessment criteria. Second, we drew on these criteria and team discussions to create a first draft of the tool. Third, we obtained feedback on the draft from potential users and methodologists, and through piloting the tool in evidence syntheses. Finally, we used this feedback to iteratively refine the assessment criteria and to improve our guidance for undertaking the assessment.

Results

The tool comprises 11 criteria including the purpose and context of the source; the completeness of the information presented; and the extent to which evidence is provided to support the findings made. Users are asked to indicate whether each of the criteria have been addressed. Based on their judgements for each criterion, users then make an overall assessment of the limitations of the source, ranging from no or very minor concerns to serious concerns. These assessments can then facilitate appropriate use of the evidence in decision support products.

Conclusions

Through focusing on unconventional source materials, the ACE tool fills an important gap in the range of tools for assessing the strengths and limitations of policy-relevant evidence and supporting evidence-informed decision-making.
SAM68 directs STING signalling to apoptosis in macrophages
Authors: Horst Demi van der , Marqvorsen Mikkel , Assil Sonia , Kurmasheva Naziia , Wu Qi , Zhao Jian , Cesari Eleonora , Iversen Marie , Ren Fanghui , Jensen Trine , Narita Ryo , Zhang Bao-cun , Bak Rasmus , Sette Claudio , Fenton Robert , Mikkelsen Jacob. , Paludan Soren , Olagnier David
Published: June 2023

DNA is a danger signal and is sensed by cGAS to engage signaling through STING for activation of innate immune functions. The best-studied downstream responses to STING activation include expression of type I interferon and inflammatory genes, but STING also activates other pathways, including apoptosis. Here we report that STING-dependent induction of apoptosis in macrophages occurs through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and is mediated via IRF3 and TBK1 but acts independently of gene transcription. By intersecting four mass spectrometry datasets we identified SAM68 to be important for induction of apoptosis downstream of STING activation. SAM68 was essential for full activation of apoptosis but was not required for STING-mediated activation of IFN expression or activation of NF-kB. Mechanistic studies revealed that protein trafficking was necessary and involved SAM68 recruitment to STING upon activation, with the two proteins associating at the Golgi or a post-Golgi compartment. Collectively, our work identifies SAM68 as a novel STING-interacting protein enabling induction of apoptosis through this DNA-activated innate immune pathway.
Synaptic Transistor with Multiple Biological Function Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks Combined with LIF Model of Spiking Neural Network to Recognize Temporal Information
Authors: Wen Zhen , Wang Qinan , Zhao Chun , Sun Yi , Xu Rongxuan , Li Chenran , Wang Chengbo , Liu Web , Gu Jiangmin , Shi Yingli , Yang Li , Tu Xin , Gao Hao
Published: June 2023

Spike neural networks (SNNs) have immense potential due to their utilization of synaptic plasticity and ability to take advantage of temporal correlation and low power consumption. The leaky integration and firing (LIF) model and spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) are the fundamental components of SNNs. Here, the neural device is first demonstrated by zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) as an essential part of the synaptic transistor to simulate SNNs. Significantly, three kinds of typical functions between neurons, the memory function achieved through the hippocampus, synaptic weight regulation and membrane potential triggered by ion migration, are effectively described through the short-term memory/long-term memory (STM/LTM), long-term depression/long-term potentiation (LTD/LTP) and LIF, respectively. Further, the update rule of iteration weight in the backpropagation based on the time interval between pre-synaptic and post-synaptic pulses is extracted and fitted from the STDP. Besides, the post-synaptic currents of the channel directly connect to the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) implementation of the LIF mode that can convert high-frequency information into spare pulses based on the threshold of membrane potential. The leaky integrator block, firing/detector block and frequency adaption block instantaneously release the accumulated voltage to form pulses. Finally, we recode the Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) belonging to the electroencephalogram (EEG) with filter characteristics of LIF. SNNs deeply fused by synaptic transistors are designed to recognize the 40 different frequencies of EEG and improve accuracy to 95.1%. This work represents an advanced contribution to brain-like chips and promotes the systematization and diversification of artificial intelligence.
How COVID-19 Curricula Changes Impacted Medical Student Exam Performance: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Ho Joshua , Levy Joshua , Afshari Nicholas , Patel Deepal , Andersen Shaun , Simanton Edward , Linton Matthew
Published: June 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic caused medical schools to convert to an online format, and it became imperative to swiftly change medical education delivery. New teaching methods were adapted, with some schools having greater success than others. Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine's (KSOM) small-group interactive learning style had clear signs of struggle with a significant decrease in exam performance. Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine’s (RVUCOM) large-group didactic lecture style had greater success with its curriculum adaptation leading to minimal effect on their exam performance. We aim to define what aspects of medical school curricula are most resilient for online learning by comparing exam scores from KSOM and RVUCOM.
Methods
KSOM and RVUCOM students were grouped into “above expectations” and “below expectations” categories based on each institution’s standardized exam performance metrics. Independently sampled t-tests were performed to compare groups. KSOM was classified as a small-group interactive curriculum through its heavy reliance on student-led Problem Based Learning (PBL), whereas RVUCOM was classified as a large-group didactic curriculum through its extensive proctor-led slideshow lectures.
Results
KSOM’s online PBL transition led to fewer students scoring above the national average compared to previous cohorts on NBME exams (55% vs. 77%, respectively, N = 47 & 78, (p < 0.01)). RVUCOM’s transition to online large-group lectures yielded no significant differences between students who performed “above expectations” and students who performed “below expectations” between their cohorts (63% vs. 65%, respectively, N = 305 & 300, (p > 0.05)).
Conclusion
KSOM’s COVID cohort performed significantly worse than RVUCOM’s COVID cohort during their medical school organ-system exams. We believe that the small-group learning at KSOM is less resilient for online curricula compared to the large-group didactics seen at RVUCOM. Understanding which didactic methods can transition to online learning more effectively than others is vital in guiding effective curriculum adjustments as online delivery becomes more prominent.
Efficacy of 3% diquafosol combined with azelastine hydrochloride in allergic conjunctivitis patients with dry eye
Authors: Zhu Yirui , Yuan Kelan , Mou Yujie , Zhao Hanhe , Wu Yayin , Jin Xiuming
Published: June 2023

Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy of a 3% diquafosol combined with azelastine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution in allergic conjunctivitis (AC) patients with dry eye.
Methods
The sample was composed of 158 eyes of 79 patients diagnosed with AC and dry eye. After enrollment, all subjects received azelastine hydrochloride (twice daily) combined with 3% diquafosol (six times daily) for four weeks. Scores of AC symptoms and signs, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), bulbar conjunctival hyperemia, tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT), corneal fluorescein staining score, tear film break-up time (TBUT) and the Schirmer test were assessed at the baseline and two and four weeks after treatment.
Results
The symptom score of itching, foreign body sensation, and eye photophobia showed a significant decrease at two and four-week follow-up after treatment compared with baseline (p < 0.001). The eye tearing score showed a significant decrease at four weeks after treatment (p = 0.002). The AC sign score of follicles, conjunctival secretion and conjunctival hyperemia were significantly decreased at two and four weeks after treatment compare with baseline (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). After two and four weeks treatment, the OSDI score showed significantly decrease compared with baseline (26.53 ± 15.32 vs 17.25 ± 12.49, p < 0.001; 26.53 ± 15.32 vs 10.31 ± 8.54, p < 0.001). TMH, NIBUT and TBUT showed significantly improvement from baseline (TMH, 0.21 ± 0.06 vs 0.28 ± 0.07; 0.21 ± 0.06 vs 0.29 ± 0.07; NIBUT, 7.74 ± 3.35 vs 9.12 ± 3.09; 7.74 ± 3.35 vs 10.60 ± 2.86; TBUT, 3.53 ± 1.18 vs 4.53 ± 1.93; 3.53 ± 1.18 vs 4.53 ± 2.27; all p < 0.001).
Conclusion
3% diquafosol combined with azelastine hydrochloride significantly improved subjective symptoms and objective signs in AC patients with dry eye.
Quantifying tethered spinal cord tension: Ultrasound elastography results from computational, cadaveric, and intraoperative first-in-human studies
Authors: Kerensky Max , Paul Abhijit , Routkevitch Denis , Hersh Andrew , Kempski-Leadingham Kelley , Davidar A. Daniel , Judy Brendan , Punnoose Joshua , Williams Autumn , Kumar Avisha , Lehner Kurt , Smith Beth , Son Jennifer , Azadi Javad , Shekhar Himanshu , Mercado-Shekhar Karla , Thakor Nitish , Theodore Nicholas , Manbachi Amir
Published: June 2023

Background Tension in the spinal cord is a trademark of tethered cord syndrome. Unfortunately, existing tests cannot quantify tension across the bulk of the cord, making the diagnostic evaluation of stretch ambiguous. A potential non-destructive metric for spinal cord tension is ultrasound-derived shear wave velocity (SWV). The velocity is sensitive to tissue elasticity and boundary conditions including strain. We use the term Ultrasound Tensography to describe the acoustic evaluation of tension with SWV.

Methods Our solution “Tethered cord Assessment with Ultrasound Tensography (TAUT)” was utilized in three sub-studies: finite element simulations, a cadaveric benchtop validation, and a neurosurgical case series. The simulation computed SWV for given tensile forces. The induced tension cadaveric model validated the SWV-tension relationship. Lastly, SWV was measured intraoperatively in patients diagnosed with tethered cord who underwent surgical treatment (spinal column shortening). The surgery alleviates tension by decreasing the vertebral column length.

Results Here we observe a strong linear relationship between tension and squared SWV across the preclinical sub-studies. Higher tension induces faster shear waves in the simulation (R2 = 0.984) and cadaveric (R2 = 0.951) models. The SWV decreases in all neurosurgical procedures (p<0.001). Moreover, TAUT has a c-statistic of 0.962 (0.92-1.00), detecting all tethered cords.

Conclusions This study presents the first clinical metric of spinal cord tension. Strong agreement among computational, cadaveric, and clinical studies demonstrates the utility of ultrasound-induced SWV for quantitative intraoperative feedback. This technology is positioned to enhance tethered cord diagnosis, treatment, and post-operative monitoring as it differentiates stretched from healthy cords.
Radiomics Predictive Modeling from Dual-Time-Point FDG PET Ki Parametric Maps: Application to Chemotherapy Response in Lymphoma
Authors: Samimi Rezvan , Shiri Isaac , Ahmadyar Yashar , Hoff Jörg van den , Kamali-Asl Alireza , Rezaee Alireza , Yousefirizi Fereshteh , Geramifar Parham , Rahmim Arman
Published: June 2023

Background
To investigate the use of dynamic radiomics features derived from dual-time-point (DTP-feature) [18F]FDG PET metabolic uptake rate Ki parametric maps to develop a predictive model for response to chemotherapy in lymphoma patients.
Methods
We analysed 126 lesions from 45 lymphoma patients (responding n = 75 and non-responding n = 51) treated with chemotherapy from two different centres. Static and DTP radiomics features were extracted from baseline static PET images and DTP Ki parametric maps. Spearman’s rank correlations were calculated between static and DTP features to identify features with potential additional information. We first employed univariate analysis to determine correlations between individual features, and subsequently utilized multivariate analysis to derive predictive models utilizing DTP and static radiomics features before and after ComBat harmonization. For multivariate modeling, we utilized both the Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance feature selection technique and the XGBoost classifier. To evaluate our model, we partitioned the patient datasets into training/validation and testing sets using an 80/20% split. Different metrics for classification including area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and accuracy (ACC) were reported in test sets.
Results
Via Spearman’s rank correlations, there was negligible to moderate correlation between 32 out of 65 DTP features and some static features (ρ < 0.7); all the other 33 features showed high correlations (ρ ≥ 0.7). In univariate modeling, no significant difference between AUC of DTP and static features was observed. GLRLM_RLNU from static features demonstrated a strong correlation (AUC = 0.75, p-value = 0.0001, q-value = 0.0007) with therapy response. The most predictive DTP features were GLCM_Energy, GLCM_Entropy, and Uniformity, each with AUC = 0.73, p-value = 0.0001, and q-value < 0.0005. In multivariate analysis, the mean ranges of AUCs increased following harmonization. Use of harmonization plus combining DTP and static features was shown to provide significantly improved predictions (AUC = 0.97 ± 0.02, accuracy = 0.89 ± 0.05, sensitivity = 0.92 ± 0.09 and specificity = 0.88 ± 0.05). All models depicted significant performance in terms of AUC, ACC, SEN, and SPE (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test).
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate significant value in harmonization of radiomics features as well as combining DTP and static radiomics models for predicting response to chemotherapy in lymphoma patients.
Canine Diabetes Mellitus Demonstrates Multiple Markers of Chronic Inflammation Including Th40 Cell Increases and Elevated Systemic-Immune Inflammation Index, Consistent with Autoimmune Dysregulation
Authors: Vaitaitis Gisela , Webb Tracy , Webb Craig , Sharkey Christina , Sharkey Steve , Waid Dan , Wagner David H.
Published: June 2023

Canine diabetes mellitus (CDM) is a relatively common endocrine disease. Many CDM clinical features resemble human type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but lack of autoimmune biomarkers makes calling the disease autoimmune controversial. Description of autoimmune biomarkers linking CMD and T1DM would create an alternative model for drug development impacting both diseases. We examined peripheral blood of diagnosed CMD dog patients comparing to healthy control (HC) dogs. Differences in adaptive immune lymphocytes, innate immune macrophages/monocytes and neutrophils and differences in platelets were determined. Differences in serum glucose, cholesterol and the liver function enzyme alkaline phosphatase were noted. Markers of disease progression glycated albumin (fructosamine) and c-peptide were determined in CDM. Significant differences in lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets were found, with increased neutrophils occurring in CDM. A systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and chronic inflammation index (CII) as measures of dynamic changes in adaptive and innate cells between inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions were created with highly significant differences between CDM and HC. Th40 cells that are demonstrably pathogenic in mouse T1DM and able to differentiate diabetic from non-diabetic subjects in human T1DM were significantly expanded in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The association of significantly elevated Th40 cells in CDM when compared to HC or to osteoarthritis, a chronic but non-autoimmune disease, demonstrates that CDM involves chronic inflammation. The differences in SII and CII underscore those findings.
Arterial stiffness, high fasting glucose, and fatty liver as predictors for visceral obesity in middle-aged Chinese individuals: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nawata Hajime , Ou Li , Zhang Xu , Song Qinglan , Huang Jing , Hu Jin , Ito Kazue , Obo Shinichi , Fukushima Takeharu , Iwami Kaori , Iguchi Shizuka , Igarashi Ai , He Xiaoyang , Zhang Jing , Xia Yu , Takasaki Ken
Published: June 2023

Background
The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide, including in Asia. Visceral obesity, i.e., intra-abdominal fat accumulation, precedes the development of obesity-related metabolic syndrome, based on the cluster of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, leading to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Visceral fat area (VFA) ≥ 100 cm2 has been defined as an appropriate threshold for assessing the prevalence of obesity-related metabolic syndrome; however, there information regarding the predictors for VFA ≥ 100 cm2 in middle-aged Chinese individuals in the general population is lacking.
Methods
We investigated the predictors for VFA ≥ 100 cm2 in middle-aged Chinese individuals (n = 148; 49.3 ± 10.8 years; 54% male) who underwent health check-ups. VFA and subcutaneous fat area were determined by computed tomography, and arterial stiffness and fatty liver were diagnosed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and abdominal ultrasonography, respectively. We compared parameters between individuals with VFA ≥ 100 cm2 and < 100 cm2 using unpaired t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests and identified predictors by binary regression analysis.
Results
Single regression analysis identified body mass index > 25 kg/dL, waist circumference (WC) > 85 cm, red blood cells > 470×104/µL, hemoglobin > 14.2 g/dL, alanine aminotransferase > 29 U/L, uric acid > 5.7 mg/dL, triglycerides > 150 mg/dL, fasting blood glucose (FBG) > 100 mg/dL, baPWV > 1,400 cm/s, male, and fatty liver as significant predictors for VFA ≥ 100 cm2. Multiple regression analysis also identified baPWV > 1,400 cm/s (odds ratio [OR] = 5.82, P = 0.008), WC > 85 cm (OR = 6.37, P = 0.013), FBG > 100 mg/dL (OR = 6.73, P = 0.025), male (OR = 10.54, P = 0.025), and fatty liver (OR = 4.11, P = 0.034) as independent predictors for VFA ≥ 100 cm2. The strongest predictor of VFA ≥ 100 cm2 was baPWV > 1,400 cm/s, with a significant positive correlation (γ = 0.365, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
High baPWV, high FBG, high WC, fatty liver, and male sex are independent predictors for VFA ≥ 100 cm2 in middle-aged Chinese individuals. High baPWV, as a measure of arterial stiffness, was the strongest predictor of VFA ≥ 100 cm2, indicating the importance of visceral obesity for arterial stiffness. Visceral obesity is thus a central target for interventions in metabolic syndrome, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease, especially in males.
Power suppression in EEG after the onset of SAH is a significant marker of early brain injury in rat models
Authors: Takasugi Yuji , Hishikawa Tomohito , Shimizu Tomohisa , Murai Satoshi , Haruma Jun , Hiramatsu Masafumi , Tokunaga Koji , Takeda Yoshimasa , Sugiu Kenji , Morimatsu Hiroshi , Date Isao
Published: June 2023

We analyzed the correlations among membrane depolarization, changes in electroencephalogram (EEG), and histological outcome in rats in the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH was induced in eight rats by cisternal blood injection, and the duration of cortical depolarization was measured. EEG power spectrums were given by time frequency analysis, and histology was evaluated. The appropriate frequency band and recovery percentage of EEG (defined as EEG recovery time) to predict the neuronal damage were determined from 25 patterns (5 bands × 5 recovery rates) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Probit regression curves were depicted to evaluate the relationships between neuronal injury and duration of depolarization and EEG recovery. Depolarization and EEG changes on the brain cortex of rats immediately after SAH were successfully recorded. Histological study identified sixteen cites. The optimal values of the EEG band and the EEG recovery time to predict neuronal damage were 10 to 15 Hz and 40%, respectively (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.97). There was a close relationship between the percentage of damaged neurons and the duration of depolarization or EEG recovery time. These results suggest that EEG recovery time may be a predictor of early brain injury (EBI) after SAH.
fast finite-time stability and stabilization of nonlinear impulsive systems
Authors: Cheng Mengqing , Zhao Junsheng , Sun Zong-Yao , Xie Xiangpeng
Published: June 2023

The issue of fast finite-time stability and stabilization design for a class of nonlinear impulsive systems is discussed in this paper. In previous finite-time control designs for impulsive systems, the convergence rate of these control strategies is even less rapid than the exponential convergence rate when the initial state is distant from the origin. To overcome this problem, a nonlinear impulse system is obtained by mathematical modeling of the mechanical buffer. The fast finite-time stability criterion is established for this system, and the upper bound of the settling-time is evaluated. In addition, combining Lyapunov functions theory and impulsive control, we design a controller for impulsive dynamical systems to satisfy fast finite-time stability. Finally, two simulation examples are given,in which the first example demonstrates the superiority of the fast finite-time stability criterion for nonlinear impulsive systems by comparing it with traditional finite-time stability, and the second example verifies the effectiveness of the presented controller.
Genetic parameters for milk yield and reproductive traits in Honduran Holstein cattle
Authors: Estrada-León Raciel Javier , Valladares-Rodas Manuel A. , Sierra-Vázquez Ángel C. , Magaña-Monforte Juan Gabriel , Segura-Correa José Candelario , Parra-Bracamonte Gaspar Manuel
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study was to estimate the (co)variance components and genetic parameters for milk yield (MY), calving-to-conception interval (CCI), number of services per conception (NSC) and calving interval (CI) of Honduran Holstein cows, by fitting a bivariate animal model using Maximum Restricted Likelihood procedures. Model included the fixed effects of, calving number, the contemporary calving group (farm-season-year of calving and the cow age as covariate). The estimated means and standard deviations for MY, CCI, NSC and CI were, 5098.60 ± 1564.32 kg, 168.27 ± 104.71 days, 2.46 ± 1.69 services, and 448.73 ± 109.16 days, respectively; and their estimated heritabilities were 0.21 ± 0.05, 0.03 ± 0.028, 0.02 ± 0.024 and 0.06 ± 0.04, respectively. The genetic correlations between MY305 and CCI, NSC and CI were positive and antagonist, with values of 0.64 ± 0.52, 0.99 ± 0.56, and 0.32 ± 0.24 respectively. Even though moderate to low heritability was estimated for MY, important genetic considering the systematic selection of MY; however, with a reduction in reproductive efficiency, if considered as the only selection criterion. By including reproductive traits and considering permanent environment effects into the breeding program, will yield a slow, but constant and permanent improvement over time.
Association between experience of insulin resistance and long-term cardiovascular disease risk: Findings from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KOGES)
Authors: Lee Jong Hee , Lee Hye Sun , Jeon Soyoung , Lee Yong-Jae , Park Byoungjin , Lee Jun-Hyuk , KWON YUJIN
Published: June 2023

Purpose
Although the correlation between insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is well established, the impact of changes in IR status over time has received little attention. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IR on CVD risk in a large prospective cohort of middle-aged Korean adults.
Methods
We assessed 3,597 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Participants were categorized as having IR if their HOMA-IR was ≥ 2.5 at least once during the exposure period. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to assess hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for incident CVD after adjusting for confounders.
Results
Among 3,597 participants, 2,259 did not have IR, and 1,138 had IR. The cumulative incidence rate of CVD in the IR group was significantly higher than that in the non-IR group (log-rank test, p = 0.015). Compared to the non-IR group, the HR and 95% CI for incident CVD in the IR group was 1.40 (1.07–1.83) in the unadjusted model. The presence of IR during the exposure period was significantly associated with a higher risk of incident CVD after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, physical activity, alcohol intake, and smoking status (HR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.01–1.84).
Conclusion
Individuals who have experience of IR have a consistently higher likelihood of developing CVD than those who never had IR. More intensive efforts should be made to prevent IR in middle-aged and older adults.
Four-dimensional Hydrogel Dressing Adaptable to the Urethral Microenvironment for Scarless Urethral Reconstruction
Authors: Hua Yujie , Wang Kai , Huo Yingying , Zhuang Yaping , Wang Yuhui , Fang Wenzhuo , Sun Yuyan , Zhou Guangdong , Fu Qiang , Zhang Kaile , Cui Wenguo
Published: June 2023

The harsh urethral microenvironment (UME) after trauma severely hinders the current hydrogel-based urethral repair. In fact, four-dimensional (4D) consideration to mimic time-dependent physiological processes is essential for scarless urethral reconstruction, which requires balancing extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling at different healing stages. In this study, we developed a novel UME-adaptable 4D hydrogel dressing to sequentially provide an early-vascularized microenvironment and later-antifibrogenic microenvironment for scarless urethral reconstruction. With the combination of dynamic boronic ester crosslinking and covalent photopolymerization, the resultant gelatin methacryloyl phenylboronic acid/cis-diol-crosslinked (GMPD) hydrogels exhibited mussel-mimetic viscoelasticity, satisfactory adhesion, and acid-reinforced stability, which could adapt to harsh UME. In addition, a temporally on-demand regulatory (TOR) technical platform was introduced into GMPD hydrogels to create a time-dependent 4D microenvironment. As a result, physiological urethral recovery was successfully mimicked by means of an early-vascularized microenvironment to promote wound healing by activating the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, as well as a later-antifibrogenic microenvironment to prevent hypertrophic scar formation by timing transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway inhibition. Both in vitro molecular mechanisms of the physiological healing process and in vivo scarless urethral reconstruction in a rabbit model were effectively verified, providing a promising alternative for urethral injury treatment.
Forensic nursing in the emergency department The distance between performed role behaviors by nurses and their perception of behaviors’ importance
Authors: Emami Somayeh Zare , Lynch Virginia A. , Banazadeh Marjan
Published: June 2023

Background
Emergency department nurses often deal with victims of violence and trauma. Lifesaving and stabilizing the patients’ conditions often is a priority and protecting the chain of valuable evidence is the next priority. It is important to describe how nurses currently practice in ED and perceive their role in caring for forensic patients.
Objective
To investigate the performed frequency and perceived importance of forensic nursing role behaviors by ED nurses and the difference between performed behaviors and perceived behaviors’ importance.
Method
A questionnaire was used to investigate the performed frequency and perceived importance of forensic nursing role behaviors among 274 ED nurses.
Results
The total mean score of performed frequency and perceived importance of behaviors was 2.36 ± 0.65 and 4.23 ± 0.64 respectively. The total mean difference score between performed frequency and perceived importance was 1.86. The highest mean difference scores belonged to the role behaviors of forensic nurse specialists including educating the staff on forensic matters (3.1), acting as an expert witness in court (3.09), and operating in the ED (3.08). The items with the lowest mean difference scores were: informing forensic physicians about admitting a dead patient on arrival (0.93), assisting police investigators in their mission (0.99), and assuring documentation for investigation/legal protection of the nurse/patient (1.01). Performed frequency of behaviors positively correlated with participants’ type of shift worked and their personal experiences of legal and judicial claims. The female gender of respondents positively correlated with behaviors’ perceived importance.
Conclusion
The gap between role behaviors enacted by ED nurses and their expectations to perform those behaviors reflects an urgent need to train nurses by integrating forensic nursing topics into graduate and undergraduate nursing curricula, nursing programs, and in-service education. Forensic nurses should be available in ED to facilitate the conviction of criminals and support the victims of trauma and innocents. To meet society’s changing needs and demands ED nurses should be encouraged to expand their. Interventions should be undertaken to specialize nursing roles and recognize forensic nursing specialty. It is required to develop and apply forensic nursing protocols in caring for victims of trauma and violence and facilitate the cooperation of healthcare system with law enforcement and forensic investigators.
Effect of Drought Stress on the Physiology and Early Growth of Seven Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton Provenances
Authors: Sarr Mame Sokhna , Seiler John R. , Sullivan Jay
Published: June 2023

Decline of Senegalia senegal in its natural range has been observed and attributed mainly to harsh environmental conditions such as frequent drought occurrences. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of water stress on growth, biomass allocation and photosynthetic capacity in Senegalia senegal seedlings. Seeds were collected from seven provenances in Senegal and grown under greenhouse conditions in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Seedlings were subjected to three cyclic droughts by watering them when average soil moisture content dropped to 4.7%, 2.7%, and 2.1% during the first, second, and third dry-down cycles, respectively. With the exception of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration at the second and third dry down cycles, no drought by provenance interaction was found for any trait measured. Ngane provenance had a lower root/shoot ratio and allometric analysis revealed that Ngane seemed to allocate less biomass to roots than shoots. Ngane developed superior growth traits and biomass production, despite similar net photosynthetic rate with other provenances before treatments started. Overall, drought stress significantly reduced biomass, stem height, diameter and leaf gas exchange. Total biomass was reduced by 28.5%, whereas root/shoot ratio was increased by 25% compared to control. Significant interaction on leaf gas exchanges at the second and third dry down cycles reveals different sensitivity levels to drought among provenances with the Ranerou provenance exhibiting no decline in leaf gas exchange. No significant difference of stomatal limitation among genotypes was found, which is indicative of the complex process of photosynthesis and the need for extended times scales for measurements to better depict physiological sensitivity of Senegalia senegal under drought.
Andrographolide Synergized with Doxorubicin to Induce Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cell via ROS-dependent DNA Damage
Authors: Xie Changquan , Lu Guo-Dong , Li Qiu-yun
Published: June 2023

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously endangers women’s health all over the world. Doxorubicin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of breast cancer. However, its application is hindered by toxic side effects and drug resistance. A combination strategy must be found to increase the sensitivity of human breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and enhance its anticancer efficacy. Andrographolide (Andro) is a good candidate drug because of its good tolerance and anticancer efficacy. In this study, we found that andrographolide enhanced cell death caused by doxorubicin both in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the combination treatment greatly increased the anti-cancer effect to MDA-MB-231 cell xenograft compared with every single treatment in Balb/c nude mouse model. Mechanistically, compared with andrographolide or doxorubicin alone treatment, the combined treatment significantly increased DNA damage by inducing ROS production, leading to cell death. In conclusion, andrographolide can be used to improve the sensitivity of doxorubicin in the treatment of breast cancer, providing a basis for the transformation of combined treatment into clinical application.
Active sound source localization in bilateral hearing-impaired children
Authors: Gulli Andrea , Fontana Federico , Orzan Eva , Aruffo Alessandro , Muzzi Enrico
Published: June 2023

This study investigates auditory localization in children with no motor deficits and a diagnosis of hearing impairment rehabilitated with bilateral cochlear implants or hearing aids. The contribution of head movement to sound source localization in the anterior horizontal field has been analyzed. A localization task took place in a virtual environment, where participants who could move their heads freely were asked to point to an invisible sound source. The source was rendered using a loudspeaker set arranged in a semi-circular array in the horizontal plane, while participants observed a neutral visual scene through a head-mounted display. This device also allowed for tracking the participants’ head and hand positions while they pointed to the auditory target. Investigating conditions in which no, one, or both ear devices were turned off, we found that asymmetrical hearing caused the largest head movements. The correlation between localization accuracy and pure tone audiometric thresholds measured when the ear devices were turned off as well as the correlation between such thresholds and the amount of head movement support the hypothesis that horizontal auditory localization is an ability that develops in synergy with active listening skills. This finding may have important implications for the clinical assessment and rehabilitation of adults and children affected by hearing impairment.
Mechanisms of Xiaoyao Huaxian Formula in the treatment of liver fibrosis based on network pharmacology combined with molecular docking and in vivo experiments
Authors: Wang Qiong , Li Ting , He Yansha , Liu Huabao , Hu Changlun , Rao Chunyan
Published: June 2023

Purpose Xiaoyao Huaxian Formula (XYHXF) shows promise in treating liver fibrosis (LF), but the mechanism is unknown. We sought to elucidate this using network pharmacology, docking and animal experiments.Methods The overlapping targets were determined between those of the main active ingredients of XYHXF using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database and LF-related targets from the Therapeutic Target Database, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and DisGeNET. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was generated with Cytoscape 3.7.2. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using R language. Docking was conducted with AutoDockTools for the key targets and active ingredients of XYHXF. An LF rat model was established with subcutaneously injected carbon tetrachloride followed by ethanol gavage and feeding a high-fat, low-protein diet, and an oral dose of 2.72 g/kg of XYHXF was tested in this model. Liver function was assessed with serum ALT and AST measurements, HE and Masson staining, and western blot of TGF-β, α-SMA, PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT proteins in liver.Results Overall, 143 active ingredients of XYHXF with 520 potential targets and 2,070 targets of LF were retrieved. The 220 overlapping targets included STAT3, MAPK3, MAPK1, AKT1, and SRC. GO and KEGG analysis revealed overlapping targets that included the response to lipopolysaccharide, response to molecule of bacterial origin, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Docking demonstrated potential binding between quercetin/luteolin and AKT1. In rats, compared to the LF group, the XYHXF group had significantly attenuated liver injury and fibrosis, reductions in ALT, AST, α-SMA, and TGF-β; and down-regulation of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratios.Conclusion XYHXF may act on inflammatory processes via multiple active ingredients and treat LF by regulating PI3K-Akt signaling.
A Multi-omic Characterization of the Physiological Responses to Salt Stress in Scenedesmus obliquus UTEX393
Authors: Calhoun Sara , Kamel Bishoy , Edmundson Scott , Holguin Omar , Mach Phillip , Mckie-Krisberg Zaid , Baumgart Leo , Blaby Ian , Bowen Benjamin , Chen Cindy , Kunde Yuliya , Grimwood Jane , Lipzen Anna , Louie Katherine , Mewalal Ritesh , Gleasner Cheryl , Northen Trent , O'Malley Ronan , Talag Jayson , Gutknecht Andrew , Treen Daniel , Zhang Yu , Glaros Trevor , Polle Juergen , Umen James , Huesemann Michael , Grigoriev Igor , Starkenburg Shawn , Kruse Colin
Published: June 2023

Microalgae are one of the most versatile and promising organisms for biomanufacturing. To expedite research and development, we generated an improved genome assembly and annotation of the highly productive microalga Scenedesmus obliquus UTEX393. We measured the systems level, multi-omic responses during exposure to 15 ppt (high) vs 5 ppt (low/control) salt. Exposure to 15 ppt salt level resulted in a systematic dysregulation of redox balancing components, a reduction in photosynthetic components, and a concomitant increase in lipid accumulation. Using DNA affinity purification sequencing, we identified the regulatory landscape of several transcription factors. Two transcription factors were identified as sharing binding-site homology with Arabidopsis orthologs SPL12 and LHY1 and were experimentally determined to target the promoter regions of genes which encode for enzymes involved in central metabolism. Engineering the redox and metabolic pathways in Scenedesmus obliquus UTEX393 could enhance productivity under higher salt conditions.
SoyDBean: a database for cross-validated SNPs by multiple versions of soybean reference genomes
Authors: Lee Yejin , Woo Dong U , Kang Yang Jae
Published: June 2023

Due to the development of sequence technology and decreased cost, many whole genome sequences have been obtained. As a result, extensive genetic variations have been discovered from many populations and germplasms to understand the genetic diversity of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). However, assessing the quality of variation is essential because the published variants were collected using different bioinformatic methods and parameters. Furthermore, despite the enhanced genome contiguity and more efficient filling of “N” stretches in the new reference genome, there remains a dearth of endeavors to verify the caliber of variations present in it. The primary goal of this research was to discern a dependable set of SNPs that can withstand cross-validation across multiple reference genomes. Additionally, the investigation aimed to reconfirm the variations through the utilization of numerous whole genome sequencing data obtained from publicly available databases. Based on the result, we created datasets that comprised the thoroughly verified SNP coordinates between the reference assemblies. The resulting “SoyDBean” database is now publicly accessible through the following URL: http://soydbean.plantprofile.net/.
Mifepristone followed by misoprostol for induction of second trimester abortion- what are the advantages?
Authors: Sharon Avishalom , Gumin Dina , Stave Danielle
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The aim of the study is to find the optimal protocol for medical second trimester abortion (2TA).
Methods
The study includes patients between gestational ages 13–23 weeks, who underwent 2TA between the years 2015–2018. A hundred and eighteen patients received Mifepristone 600 mg followed by misoprostol 800 mcg (study group), and 60 patients received misoprostol 800 mcg alone (control group).
Results
Success was observed in 80.5% of the study group versus 48.3% in the control group, with significance of p < 0.001. The control group showed much larger usage of other various modalities, a significant higher complication rate (8.3% vs 1.7%) and more decline in haemoglobin levels (11% vs 8%). Multiparous women were more likely to achieve a successful abortion, while each additional pregnancy multiplied the chance by 1.4.
Conclusion
Using mifepristone 600mg followed by misoprostol 800 mcg, significantly raises the success in 2TA, reduces the complication rate and reduces the need for other modalities.
Safe range of femoral neck system insertion and the risk of perforation
Authors: Han Mingxuan , Li Cong , Han Ning , Sun Guixin
Published: June 2023

Background
Internal fixation of the femoral neck carries a risk of perforation due to the presence of the isthmus of the femoral neck. At present, there are few studies on the safe and risk zones of the femoral neck system (FNS) implantation. This study aimed to recommend the safe range of injection of FNS in the lateral wall of the proximal femur, parallel to the axis of the femoral neck, during FNS treatment of femoral neck fracture (FNF).
Methods
Femoral computed tomography (CT) data of 80 patients (male: 40; female: 40) who met the inclusion criteria were collected. Mimics 21.0 software was used to complete the modeling. 3-Matic 13.0 software was used to establish the axis of the femoral neck and its vertical plane, perform the cutting of the femoral neck, and project it on the vertical plane of the femoral neck axis. After matching a rectangle for each projection map, all sample sizes (80 cases) were standardized and superimposed to obtain gradient maps of the safe zone (SZ) and dangerous zone (RZ), thereby securing edge key points and safe FNS insertion range.
Results
In the 80 samples, the mean diameter of the smallest femoral neck section was 33.87 ± 2.32 mm for men and 29.36 ± 1.92 mm for women. All 80 femoral necks had safe and risky areas. The SZ/S × 100% was 77.59 (± 2.22%), and the RS/S ×100% was 22.39% (± 2.22%). The risk area was composed of four parts: (1), (2), (3), and (4), respectively, corresponding to 3.45 ± 1.74%, 5.51 ± 2.63%, 6.22 ± 1.41%, and 7.22 ± 1.39%. Four marginal key points, perforation risk, and safe ranges (SR) of FNS were analyzed on the lateral wall of the femoral neck.
Conclusions
The SR of FNS placement was recommended by digital simulation. In addition, Regions (3) and (4) posed a higher risk of penetrating the cortex. Using the gradient map of RZ for preoperative evaluation is recommended to avoid iatrogenic perforation.
Interaction of ortho -alkenylanilines of allyl and vinyl structure with thionyl chloride
Authors: Latypova Lyaysan , Usmanova Gulsum , Salikhov Shamil , Mustafin Akhat
Published: June 2023

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is one of the most commonly applied organic solvents in many organic reactions. It is known that DMSO/SOCl2is the efficient system for the intramolecular cyclization of 2-alkenylanilines. The interaction ofN-tosyl derivatives of 2-(cyclo)(alken-2-yl)- and 2-(cyclo)(alken-1-yl)anilines with thionyl chloride was studied in the DMSO/SOCl2system. It was established that the structure of the obtained products depends on the structure of the alenyl fragment and the reaction conditions. As a result of these reactions, methylsulfanyl(cyclo)alkyl products, indole, carbazole or oxazepine were formed. The structure of new compounds was confirmed by IR, heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry.