bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microalbuminuria and Functional Iron Deficiency are Risk Factors for Hearing Loss in Adolescents
Authors: Han Sang‐Yoon , Kim Young Ho
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Renal impairment and some systemic diseases are associated with hearing loss (HL) in adults. However, studies of these relationship in adolescents are rare. The objective of this study was to determine the association between HL and renal or systemic disease in adolescents.

Methods

Subjects were extracted from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2012. We included adolescents aged 10–19 years old with normal tympanic membrane and those who underwent a physical and laboratory examination and pure tone audiometry. HL, high‐frequency hearing loss (HFHL), albuminuria, impaired glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were evaluated based on the data.

Results

Individuals with microalbuminruia (MIA) exhibited higher prevalence of HL (p = 0.003) and HFHL (p = 0.012) than those without MIA. The prevalence of HL and HFHL appeared to increase according to the severity of albuminuria. Additionally, individuals with HL or HFHL showed lower transferrin saturation (TSAT) than individuals without HL (p = 0.002) or HFHL (p = 0.001). And, HFHL was associated with lower ferritin levels (p = 0.017). HL and HFHL were related to MIA (p = 0.004 and p = 0.022, respectively) and TSAT (p = 0.005 and p = 0.011, respectively) after controlling other factors.

Conclusion

MIA and TSAT level were independently associated with the HL and HFHL. Since MIA can be easily detected by dipstick test and urine analysis, hearing evaluations for individuals with MIA might be helpful to identify hearing impairments earlier in adolescents.

Level of Evidence

3 (individual cross‐sectional study) Laryngoscope, 134:3329–3334, 2024
Aminophosphine Based Lewis Pair for the Controlled Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate
Authors: Cai Yin , Zhao Xiuzhen , Wang Bingqi , Shi Wei , Ge Fang , Wang Xiaowu
Published: February 2024

Lewis pair polymerization (LPP) has made significant progress in recent decades as a powerful method to synthesize polymers. The matching of electronic and steric properties of Lewis base/acid plays a decisive role in the activity, controlled behavior, and initiation efficiency (I*) of the polymerization. However, exploration of aminophosphine based Lewis base for polymer synthesis has been limited. Herein, commercially available aminophosphine, namely hexamethylphosphorous triamide (HMPT) in combination with common organoaluminum for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), is presented. HMPT/iBu3Al shows controlled behavior in MMA polymerization with polymerization degree from 48 to 800, affording defined polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with molecular weight (Mn = 15.1–110.7 kg mol−1) with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (Ð = 1.11–1.37). Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) affirmed the chain‐end fidelity of PMMA. The interaction mode between Lewis pair affects the in situ generated fraction of active species. The basicity and the cone angle of the aminophosphine determine the activity of the formed active species and I*. The successful application highlights the benefits of introducing P─N bonds into Lewis bases, thereby expanding the variety of Lewis base categories.
Synthesis of One‐Component Type II Visible‐Light‐Absorbing Chalcones Containing Fused Aromatic Rings and Investigation of Free Radical Photopolymerization Properties
Authors: Yen Shih‐Chieh , Ni Jen‐Shyang , Chen Yung‐Chung
Published: February 2024

This paper presents four one‐component Type II visible‐light‐absorbing chalcones (CY10‐13) that containing various fused aromatic rings as its π‐conjugated moiety, that is a 2‐naphthalene moiety for CY10, 1‐naphthalene for CY11, benzofuran for CY12, and benzothiophene for CY13. The absorption region changes significantly when introducing various fused aromatic rings. However, they all exhibit good absorption properties ranging from 300 to 450 nm that can be well‐matched under ultraviolet (UV), 365 and 405 nm light irradiations. Furthermore, the structure–reactivity relationship is also studied through thermal, photochemical, electrochemical, and computation properties. Finally, all the chalcones demonstrate photoinitiating ability without additive additional hydrogen donor in their systems. Both of the CY11 and CY12 based photoinitiating formulations initiate sufficiently upon UV and light‐emitting diode (LED)@405 nm light exposures. Furthermore, triphenylamine‐substituted chalcone analogous (CY8) is added for comparison. Although CY10‐13 compounds have lower light harvesting regions than CY8, some of those new chalcones exhibit better photoreactivity. Thus, a chalcone containing fuses aromatic ring featuring straightforward synthesis as well as versatile absorption region and photoinitiating performance, has great potential in photopolymerization applications.
A Blinded Evaluation of Brain Morphometry for Differential Diagnosis of Atypical Parkinsonism
Authors: Kawabata Kazuya , Krismer Florian , Heim Beatrice , Hussl Anna , Mueller Christoph , Scherfler Christoph , Gizewski Elke R. , Seppi Klaus , Poewe Werner
Published: February 2024

Background

Advanced imaging techniques have been studied for differential diagnosis between PD, MSA, and PSP.

Objectives

This study aims to validate the utility of individual voxel‐based morphometry techniques for atypical parkinsonism in a blinded fashion.

Methods

Forty‐eight healthy controls (HC) T1‐WI were used to develop a referential dataset and fit a general linear model after segmentation into gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) compartments. Segmented GM and WM with PD (n = 96), MSA (n = 18), and PSP (n = 20) were transformed into z‐scores using the statistics of referential HC and individual voxel‐based z‐score maps were generated. An imaging diagnosis was assigned by two independent raters (trained and untrained) blinded to clinical information and final diagnosis. Furthermore, we developed an observer‐independent index for ROI‐based automated differentiation.

Results

The diagnostic performance using voxel‐based z‐score maps by rater 1 and rater 2 for MSA yielded sensitivities: 0.89, 0.94 (95% CI: 0.74–1.00, 0.84–1.00), specificities: 0.94, 0.80 (0.90–0.98, 0.73–0.87); for PSP, sensitivities: 0.85, 0.90 (0.69–1.00, 0.77–1.00), specificities: 0.98, 0.94 (0.96–1.00, 0.90–0.98). Interrater agreement was good for MSA (Cohen's kappa: 0.61), and excellent for PSP (0.84). Receiver operating characteristic analysis using the ROI‐based new index showed an area under the curve (AUC): 0.89 (0.77–1.00) for MSA, and 0.99 (0.98–1.00) for PSP.

Conclusions

These evaluations provide support for the utility of this imaging technique in the differential diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism demonstrating a remarkably high differentiation accuracy for PSP, suggesting potential use in clinical settings in the future.
The Vocal Flutter of Multiple System Atrophy: A Parkinsonian‐Type Phenomenon?
Authors: Mir Michela J. , Herndon Nicole E. , Wagle Shukla Aparna , Wheeler‐Hegland Karen , McFarland Nikolaus R.
Published: February 2024

Background

Early features of multiple system atrophy (MSA) are similar to those in Parkinson's disease (PD), which can challenge differential diagnosis. Identifying clinical markers that help distinguish MSA from forms of parkinsonism is essential to promptly implement the most appropriate management plan. In the context of a thorough neurological evaluation, the presence of a vocal flutter might be considered a potential feature of MSA‐parkinsonian type (MSA‐P).

Cases

This case series describes clinical histories of 3 individuals with MSA‐P. In each case, vocal flutter was detected during neurological and motor speech evaluations. It seemed to be a concomitant feature with the constellation of other signs and symptoms that led to the clinical diagnosis.

Literature review

The vocal flutter may be described as pitch and loudness fluctuations during phonation. Different from a vocal tremor, the flutter phenomenon has higher oscillation frequencies. The neuropathological underpinnings of vocal flutter may be related to generalized laryngeal dysfunction that is commonly described in MSA‐P.

Conclusion

Vocal flutter may be a unique speech feature in some individuals who have MSA‐P. Future studies using perceptual and acoustic measures of speech are warranted to quantify these observations and directly compare to other MSA variants, PD, and a control group.
The first Chinese intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 57 patient with two novel MBOAT7 variants
Authors: Li Huimin , Qi Zhan , Xie Limin , Hao Chanjuan , Li Wei
Published: February 2024

Background

Intellectual disability (ID) is a con neurodevelopmental disorder in children. The genetic etiology of ID is complex, but more subtypes are defined due to the broad application of next‐generation sequencing.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing was applied in a family with ID.

Results

We report a Chinese 7.5‐year‐old boy, born to non‐consanguineous parents. He showed severe intellectual disability, seizures and autistic features. Two previously unreported variants in MBOAT7, c.669C>G (p.(Tyr223*)) and c.1095C>G (p.(Ser365Arg)) were identified by trio‐WES. His mother is a heterozygous carrier of the c.1095C>G variant. The c.669C>G variant is a de novo variant which was undetected in his parents. By construction of the full‐length cDNA of the patient's MBOAT7, we verified that these two variants were trans‐compound heterozygous variants, which support the genetic etiology of this patient.

Conclusion

This patient is the first Chinese case of intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), autosomal recessive 57 (OMIM:617188) with two unreported MBOAT7 variants.
Nonlinear stochastic model for epidemic disease prediction by optimal filtering perspective
Authors: Nabati Parisa , Hajrajabi Arezo
Published: February 2024

Understanding and predicting novel diseases have become very important owing to the huge global health burden. The organization and study of mathematical models are critical in predicting disease behavior of the disease. In this paper, a new stochastic Susceptible‐Infected‐Recovered‐Death (SIRD) model for spreading epidemic disease is investigated. First, the deterministic SIRD model is considered, and then, by allowing randomness in the recovery and death rates that are not deterministic, the system of nonlinear stochastic differential equations is derived. For the suggested model, the existence and uniqueness of a positive global solution are demonstrated. The parameter estimation is done with the conditional least square estimator for deterministic models and the maximum likelihood estimator for stochastic ones. After that, we investigate a nonadditive state‐space model for spreading epidemic disease by considering infected as the hidden process variable. The problem of the hidden process variable from noisy observations is filtered, predicted, and smoothed using a recursive Bayesian technique. For estimating the hidden number of infected variables, closed‐form solutions are obtained. Finally, numerical simulations with both simulated and real data are performed to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the current work.
Singularity formation for the relativistic Euler‐Poisson equations with repulsive force and damping
Authors: Li Xingli , Liu Jianli , Yuen Manwai
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we consider the blowup mechanism of regular solutions to the spherically symmetry relativistic Euler‐Poisson equations with repulsive force and damping. By means of a weighted function and the structured functional, we show the regular solution will blow up in finite time.
Existence of polynomial attractor for a class of extensible beams with nonlocal weak damping and critical nonlinearity
Authors: Zhao Chunxiang , Feng Linmeng , Meng Fengjuan , Zhang Chang
Published: February 2024

The goal of this paper is to study the long time behavior of the extensible beams equation with the nonlocal weak damping
. In the case of critical growth of the nonlinearity, the polynomial attractor which can quantitatively describe the attractive rate of attractors for the equation is studied. The work generalizes and improves previous results for the extensible beams equation.
Comparison of methods for intravoxel incoherent motion parameter estimation in the brain from flow‐compensated and non‐flow‐compensated diffusion‐encoded data
Authors: Jalnefjord Oscar , Björkman‐Burtscher Isabella M.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Joint analysis of flow‐compensated (FC) and non‐flow‐compensated (NC) diffusion MRI (dMRI) data has been suggested for increased robustness of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameter estimation. For this purpose, a set of methods commonly used or previously found useful for IVIM analysis of dMRI data obtained with conventional diffusion encoding were evaluated in healthy human brain.

Methods

Five methods for joint IVIM analysis of FC and NC dMRI data were compared: (1) direct non‐linear least squares fitting, (2) a segmented fitting algorithm with estimation of the diffusion coefficient from higher b‐values of NC data, (3) a Bayesian algorithm with uniform prior distributions, (4) a Bayesian algorithm with spatial prior distributions, and (5) a deep learning‐based algorithm. Methods were evaluated on brain dMRI data from healthy subjects and simulated data at multiple noise levels. Bipolar diffusion encoding gradients were used with b‐values 0–200 s/mm2 and corresponding flow weighting factors 0–2.35 s/mm for NC data and by design 0 for FC data. Data were acquired twice for repeatability analysis.

Results

Measurement repeatability as well as estimation bias and variability were at similar levels or better with the Bayesian algorithm with spatial prior distributions and the deep learning‐based algorithm for IVIM parameters and , and for the Bayesian algorithm only for , relative to the other methods.

Conclusion

A Bayesian algorithm with spatial prior distributions is preferable for joint IVIM analysis of FC and NC dMRI data in the healthy human brain, but deep learning‐based algorithms appear promising.
Needle electromyography does not meaningfully impact findings in MR‐neurography/−myography
Authors: Sondermann Stefan , Boppel Tobias , Fieseler Katharina , Schramm Peter , Bäumer Tobias , Trillenberg Peter
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) and myography (MRM) are emerging imaging methods for detecting diseases of the peripheral nerve system (PNS). Most patients with PNS diseases also undergo needle electromyography (EMG). This study examined whether EMG led to lesions that were detectable using MRN/MRM and whether these lesions could impair image interpretation.

Methods

Ten patients who underwent clinically indicated EMG were recruited. MRN/MRM was performed before and 2–6 h after EMG, and if achievable, 2–3 days later. T2 signal intensity (SI) of the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) was quantified, and sizes and SI of the new lesions were measured. Visual rating was performed independently by three neuroradiologists.

Results

T2 lesions at the site of needle insertion, defined as focal edema, were detectable in 9/10 patients. The mean edema size was 31.72 mm2 (SD = 14.42 mm2) at the first follow‐up. Susceptibility‐weighted imaging lesions, defined as (micro) hematomas were detected in 5/10 patients (mean size, 23.85 mm2 [SD = 12.59 mm2]). General muscle SI of the TA did not differ between pre‐ and post‐EMG examinations. Lesions size was relatively small, and the readers described image interpretation as not impaired by these lesions.

Discussion

This study showed that focal edema and hematomas frequently occurred after needle EMG and could be observed using MRN/MRM. As general muscle SI was not affected and image interpretation was not impaired, we concluded that needle EMG did not interfere with MRN/MRM.
Sequential formulation of all‐way coupled finite strain thermoporomechanics for largely deformable gas hydrate deposits
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Lee Joo Yong
Published: February 2024

We develop a numerically stable sequential formulation of thermoporomechanics for largely deformable gas hydrate deposits, extended from the fixed stress split of infinitesimal transformation. Constitutive equations are based on the total Lagrangian approach for both flow and geomechanics, including dynamic full tensor permeability and thermal conductivity updated from the deformation gradient. For space discretization, we take the cell‐centered finite volume and node‐based finite element method for flow and geomechanics, respectively. Then, we propose a sequential implicit method for all‐way coupled thermoporomechanics, where the nonisothermal multiphase flow problem of gas hydrates is solved implicitly first and then the geomechanics problem is solved implicitly at the next step. During solution of the flow problem, we fix the rate of first Pioal total stress for numerical stability as well as apply porosity correction and entropy correction to account for geomechanical effects. We test numerical examples where flow and geomechanics parameters are based on deep oceanic gas hydrate deposits. When applying depressurization, even though the results between the infinitesimal transformation and finite strain geomechanics are similar in the early stages due to small deformation, we find differences between them in the late times as deformation becomes large. Accordingly, permeability and thermal conductivity tensors become nonisotropic full tensors although they are initially isotropic. We identify numerical stability of the developed sequential method from the test cases that exhibit the highly complex coupled gas hydrate systems with large deformation. Thus, the proposed sequential formulation can be applied in largely deformable gas hydrate systems.
Analytical modeling of magnetocaloric effect in dense nanoparticle systems
Authors: Bohra Murtaza , Alman Vidya , Khan Mohd Ataullah , Singh Vidyadhar , Toulkeridou Evropi , Grammatikopoulos Panagiotis
Published: February 2024

Determining the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in dense nanoparticle systems (DNSs) poses a challenge due to the increased complexity of matter at the nanoscale. Given the interparticle magnetic interactions, diverse particle size and shape distributions, and the presence of inhomogeneous magnetic phases, selecting a suitable phenomenological model is essential to describe the temperature dependence of magnetic behavior in DNSs. Herein, we chose a cost‐effective Ni100‐xCrx DNS with adjustable magnetic transitions to showcase the resilience of the MCE across a broad temperature range (147–614 K). While the hyperbolic tangent model appears more fitting for materials with a single Curie temperature (TC), such as its parent bulk alloys, in the presence of a TC distribution a Gaussian distribution model proves to be better suited for DNSs. The latter model yields a magnetic entropy change, ΔSmax = 0.09–0.15 J kg‐K−1 in the DNS at a tiny field of 0.1T. The correlations between the broadening of the MCE peak and TC distribution are attributed to the particle size distribution and chemical inhomogeneity present in the DNS, paving the way for fine‐tuning MCE‐related properties such as the relative cooling power (13.17–33.45 J kg−1) and adiabatic temperature change (0.03–0.17 K). Our methodology not only enhances the potential for designing innovative MCE materials with broader operating ranges but also validates the universality of our phenomenological model for other families of nanocrystalline/nanogranular oxides/alloys thin films.
School garden and instructional interventions foster children's interest in nature
Authors: Kong Chuwei , Chen Jin
Published: February 2024

Children's interest in nature is crucial for their understanding and appreciation of the natural environment, as well as for their mental health and biodiversity conservation efforts. To foster this interest, it is important to establish a theoretical framework and explore practical applications. Given the current trend of children spending more time with screens and less time in nature, school gardens offer potential solutions.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 4‐month teaching programme conducted in a school garden to promote children's individual interest in nature. 24 Grade‐4 students participated in weekly 40‐min activities, which were divided into three treatments: natural observation with assigned tasks, natural observation with open‐ended tasks and inquiry‐based activities. Participants maintained individual portfolios consisting of questionnaires, nature journals, observation descriptions and interviews. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed to categorize children into three types: those with initiated interest, those with enhanced interest and those with no significant change. Thematic analysis was used to identify factors influencing children's interest in nature based on qualitative data.

The results showed that 17 out of 24 children were classified as either ‘interest‐initiated’ or ‘interest‐enhanced’, indicating a generally positive outcome. The school garden provided a novel and safe environment that empowered children to learn and explore autonomously. Teacher scaffolding further supported their curiosity towards the garden's organisms, potentially leading to the development of their individual interests in nature.

This study emphasizes the positive impact of involving children in garden‐based activities in primary schools. Implementing a diverse school garden with informative labels and explanation boards, along with teacher support, represents a promising approach to cultivating children's interest in nature. We recommend implementing mini botanical gardens and club activities in schools to bridge formal and informal education.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Hydroxyurea Adherence for Personal Best in Sickle Cell Treatment (HABIT) efficacy trial: Community health worker support may increase hydroxyurea adherence of youth with sickle cell disease
Authors: Green Nancy S. , Manwani Deepa , Aygun Banu , Appiah‐Kubi Abena , Smith‐Whitley Kim , Castillo Yina , Soriano Lucy , Jia Haomiao , Smaldone Arlene M.
Published: February 2024

Despite disease‐modifying effects of hydroxyurea on sickle cell disease (SCD), poor adherence among affected youth commonly impedes treatment impact. Following our prior feasibility trial, the “Hydroxyurea Adherence for Personal Best in Sickle Cell Treatment (HABIT)” multi‐site randomized controlled efficacy trial aimed to increase hydroxyurea adherence for youth with SCD ages 10–18 years. Impaired adherence was identified primarily through flagging hydroxyurea‐induced fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels compared to prior highest treatment‐related HbF. Eligible youth were enrolled as dyads with their primary caregivers for the 1‐year trial. This novel semi‐structured supportive, multidimensional dyad intervention led by community health workers (CHW), was augmented by daily tailored text message reminders, compared to standard care during a 6‐month intervention phase, followed by a 6‐month sustainability phase. Primary outcomes from the intervention phase were improved Month 6 HbF levels compared to enrollment and proportion of days covered (PDC) for hydroxyurea versus pre‐trial year. The secondary outcome was sustainability of changes up to Month 12. The 2020–2021 peak coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic disrupted enrollment and clinic‐based procedures; CHW in‐person visits shifted to virtual scheduled interactions. We enrolled 50 dyads, missing target enrollment. Compared to enrollment levels, both HbF level and PDC significantly ‐ but not sustainably ‐ improved within the intervention group (p = .03 and .01, respectively) with parallel increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p = .05), but not within controls. No significant between‐group differences were found at Months 6 or 12. These findings suggest that our community‐based, multimodal support for youth–caregiver dyads had temporarily improved hydroxyurea usage. Durability of impact should be tested in a trial with longer duration of CHW‐led and mobile health support.
Multifunctional nanocomposites based on a polyamide 6/polyamide 12 blend and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Arnal T. , Eisenberg P. , Abad M. J. , Ares‐Pernas A. , Bernal Celina Raquel
Published: February 2024

Nanocomposites based on an immiscible blend of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 12 (PA12) 50/50 wt.% with different contents of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by extrusion followed by compression molding. These materials have been proved to be electrically conductive in previous investigations for the range of filler content assayed. The morphology of the nanocomposites was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, both on cryo‐fractured and postmortem uniaxial tensile samples. Rheological measurements were performed along with differential scanning calorimetry, to assess the materials microstructure and thermal transitions. Furthermore, uniaxial tensile tests were carried out to determine mechanical properties such as stiffness, strength, and strain at break and to investigate the effect of MWCNTs on these properties. Finally, fracture tests were also conducted to evaluate how incorporating MWCNTs affected nanocomposites toughening capabilities. The obtained results suggest a notable improvement in the mechanical properties in the nanocomposites with low amounts of nanofiller. This expands their potential applications as conductive polymer composites (CPCs) and positions them as promising multifunctional materials.

Highlights

CPCs based on a PA blend and MWCNTs were successfully obtained.

CNTs strongly affected the blend morphology and rheological properties.

CNTs significantly modified the crystallization behavior of PA6.

Ductility greatly improved at low CNT contents but decreased at high loadings.

Stiffness increased steadily with increasing CNT content.
A research on mix‐teaching method: Characteristics of employment education teachers on employability of students in Chinese institutions
Authors: Wen Guo , Qing Xie
Published: February 2024

Student employability (SE) is the foremost requirement for current university, especially in the current pandemic situation that business and industry enterprises require more capable employees to survive in a highly uncertain world. There are several characteristics of the teachers such as personalities and ability to use innovative technologies which influences the employability of the students in Chinese universities. Thus, this study investigates the impact of employment education teachers' qualities, such as personalities and the capacity to use new technologies, on SE in Chinese universities, with a particular emphasis on the moderating function of mix‐teaching methods. The research has employed the questionnaires to gather the data from the chosen respondents. The article also applied the smart‐PLS to test the hypotheses of the study. The results revealed that the employment education teachers' characteristics have a positive nexus with SE in Chinese universities. The research clearly shows that the mix‐teaching technique considerably partially mediates the features of employment education teachers and SE in Chinese universities. This research will aid policymakers in implementing guidelines aimed at increasing SE.
Wise feedback and trust in higher education: A quantitative and qualitative exploration of undergraduate students' experiences with critical feedback
Authors: Troy Alexandra , Moua Hnubci , Van Boekel Martin
Published: February 2024

Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we explore students' engagement with critical feedback in an authentic university setting. Findings support the centrality of strong relationships in the feedback process. Study 1 was the first conceptual replication and extension of Yeager et al.'s (2014) wise feedback intervention to test the effectiveness/efficacy in a new setting. Undergraduate students (n = 94) were randomly assigned to receive a wise feedback message (explicitly stated the instructor's high expectations and belief in the student's ability to meet those expectations) or a control message. Although we did not replicate prior findings, we observed high initial levels of institutional and relational trust, which was maintained across the semester for students in both conditions. In Study 2, we conducted interviews with BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, People of Color) students (n = 6), to explore the underlying assumptions of wise feedback (i.e., attributional ambiguity) and their experiences with critical feedback in higher education. Although these discussions were nuanced, and will be unpacked further, generally students highlighted the role of feedback in bolstering or deteriorating their relationships with instructors. These findings have implications for educators who are tasked with providing critical feedback while simultaneously protecting relational dynamics with students.
Black adolescents' experiences with racial socialization, racial identity, and critical reflection of need for school change of racial inequity
Authors: Griffin Charity B. , Bañales Josefina , Hope Elan C. , Legette Kamilah B.
Published: February 2024

This preliminary investigation explored associations between Black adolescents' experiences with parental racial socialization (racial pride and racial barrier messages), dimensions of racial identity (centrality and private regard), and critical reflection regarding the need for school change of racial inequity. One hundred fifty‐one (78 girls; 73 boys) high school students from the southeastern United States were sampled for this self‐report cross‐sectional investigation. Findings revealed significant, positive total effects of racial pride and racial barrier socialization on critical reflection. Furthermore, a significant specific indirect relationship between racial pride socialization and critical reflection through centrality (small to medium effect), but not private regard. Unexpectedly, no significant indirect associations of perceived racial barrier socialization on critical reflection through racial identity dimensions were found. Implications for our findings are discussed for school‐based practitioners and policymakers.
Optimal Realization of Yang–Baxter Gate on Quantum Computers
Authors: Zhang Kun , Yu Kwangmin , Hao Kun , Korepin Vladimir
Published: February 2024

Quantum computers provide a promising method to study the dynamics of many‐body systems beyond classical simulation. On the other hand, the analytical methods developed and results obtained from the integrable systems provide deep insights on the many‐body system. Quantum simulation of the integrable system not only provides a valid benchmark for quantum computers but is also the first step in studying integrable‐breaking systems. The building block for the simulation of an integrable system is the Yang–Baxter gate. It is vital to know how to optimally realize the Yang–Baxter gates on quantum computers. Based on the geometric picture of the Yang–Baxter gates, the optimal realizations of two types of Yang–Baxter gates with a minimal number of controlled NOT (CNOT) or gates are presented. It is also shown how to systematically realize the Yang–Baxter gates via the pulse control. The different realizations on IBM quantum computers are tested and compared. It is found that the pulse realizations of the Yang–Baxter gates always have a higher gate fidelity compared to the optimal CNOT or realizations. On the basis of the above optimal realizations, the simulation of the Yang–Baxter equation on quantum computers is demonstrated. These results provide a guideline and standard for further experimental studies based on the Yang–Baxter gate.
Single port robot‐assisted pyeloplasty: An early comparative outcomes analysis
Authors: Ditonno Francesco , Franco Antonio , Manfredi Celeste , Feng Carol L. , Bologna Eugenio , Licari Leslie Claire , Olweny Ephrem O. , Vourganti Srinivas , Cherullo Edward E. , Chow Alexander K. , Autorino Riccardo
Published: February 2024

Background

The treatment paradigm for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) has shifted towards minimally invasive pyeloplasty. A comparison Single Port (SP) and Multi Port (MP) robot‐assisted pyeloplasty (RAP) was performed.

Methods

Data from consecutive patients undergoing SP RAP or MP RAP between January 2021 and September 2023 were collected and analysed. Co‐primary outcomes were length of stay (LOS), Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS), and narcotic dose. The choice of the robotic system depended on the surgeon's preference and availability of a specific robotic platform.

Results

A total of 10 SP RAPs and 12 MP RAPs were identified. SP RAP patients were significantly younger [23 years (20–34)] than MP RAP [42 years (35.5–47.5), p < 0.01]. No difference in terms of OT (p = 0.6), LOS (p = 0.1), DVPRS (p = 0.2) and narcotic dose (p = 0.1) between the two groups was observed.

Conclusions

SP RAP can be implemented without compromising surgical outcomes and potentially offering some clinical advantages.
In silico Approach for Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tioxanthone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Hermawan Faris , Jumina Jumina , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Sholikhah Eti Nurwening , Ernawati Teni , Azminah Azminah
Published: February 2024

The investigation of thioxanthones involved molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, synthesis, and evaluation of their potential as anticancer agents. Molecular docking analyses indicated that 2,4‐dichloro‐1,3‐dihydroxythioxanthone and 2,4‐dibromo‐1,3‐dihydroxythioxanthone had lower binding energies and 4‐bromo‐1,3‐dihydroxythioxanthone had the similar binding energy compared to erlotinib. In 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation, 2,4‐dichloro‐1,3‐dihydroxythioxanthone and 2,4‐dibromo‐1,3‐dihydroxythioxanthone complex exhibited more stability than 4‐bromo‐1,3‐dihydroxythioxanthone and erlotinib, while it had similar stability with doxorubicin. These compounds comply the Lipinski's rule parameters and the minimum required parameters of ADMET. The evaluated anticancer activity of 2,4‐dichloro‐1,3‐dihydroxythioxanthone and 2,4‐dibromo‐1,3‐dihydroxythioxanthone revealed them inactive against cervical cancer (HeLa) and colorectal cancer (WiDr) with IC50 more than 100 μM, however was moderate activity toward breast cancer (T47D) and lung cancer (A549). The selectivity index (SI) values of those compounds (7.71–148.4) passed the parameter SI. Based on these findings, 2,4‐dibromo‐1,3‐dihydroxythioxanthone was the most promising anticancer candidate for T47D cancer cell.
Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of N‐Phosphorodiamidate Peptidomimetics
Authors: Hampasagarada Alavandimat Nanda , Venkata Sureshbabu Vommina
Published: February 2024

Phosphoryl peptidomimetics represent a novel class of peptide analogs that have garnered attention due to their unique synthetic pathways. Employing a combination of Tf2O and pyridine, the amino acid phosphoryl diester transforms into a phosphorodiamidate compound. This conversion involves activating one of the ester moieties, yielding a good product. This protocol is characterized by its straightforward and comprehensive approach, making it a notable advancement in the chemistry of peptidomimetics.
Dimension Evolution of Self‐Assembled Organic Microcrystal for Laser and Polarization‐Rotation Function
Authors: Yao Yinan , Zhao Yong Sheng , Guan Lunhui
Published: February 2024

Multidimensional integrated micro/nanostructures are vitally important for the implementation of versatile photonic functionalities, whereas current material structures still suffer undesired surface defects and contaminations in either multistep micro/nanofabrications or extreme synthetic conditions. Herein, the dimension evolution of organic self‐assembled structures 2D microrings and 3D microhelixes for multidimensional photonic devices is realized via a protic/aprotic solvent‐directed molecular assembly method based on a multiaxial confined‐assisted growth mechanism. The 2D microrings with consummate circle boundaries and molecular‐smooth surfaces function as high‐quality whispering‐gallery‐mode microcavities for dual‐wavelength energy‐influence‐dependent switchable lasing. Moreover, the 3D microhelixes with smooth surfaces and natural twistable characteristics act as active photon‐transport materials and polarization rotators. These results will broaden the horizon of constructing multidimensional microstructures for integrated photonic circuits.
Effective Energy Storage Performance Derived from 3D Porous Dendrimer Architecture Metal Phosphides//Metal Nitride‐Sulfides
Authors: Swain Nilimapriyadarsini , Balasubramaniam Saravanakumar , Ramadoss Ananthakumar
Published: February 2024

The present work addresses the limitations by fabricating a wide range of negative electrodes, including metal nitrides/sulfides on a 3D bimetallic conductive porous network (3D‐Ni and 3D‐NiCo) via a dynamic hydrogen bubble template (DHBT) method followed by vapour phase growth (VPG) process. Among the prepared negative electrodes, the 3D‐Fe3S4‐Fe4N/NiCo nanostructure demonstrates an impressive specific capacitance (Cs) of 1125 F g−1 (2475 mF cm−2) at 1 A g−1 with 80% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles. Similarly, a 3D‐Mn3P nanostructured positive electrode fabricated via electrodeposition followed by a phosphorization process exhibits a maximum specific capacity (Cg) of 923.04 C g−1 (1846.08 mF cm−2) at 1 A g−1 with 80% stability. A 3D‐Mn3P/Ni//3D‐Fe3S4‐Fe4N/NiCo supercapattery is also assembled, and it shows a notable CS of 151 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, as well as a high energy density (ED) of 51 Wh kg−1,a power density (PD) of 782.57 W kg−1 and a capacitance efficiency of 76% over 10 000 cycles. This may be ascribed to the use of a bimetallic 3D porous conductive template and the attachment of transition metal sulfide and nitride. The development of negative electrodes and supercapattery devices is greatly aided by this exploration of novel synthesis techniques and material choice.
In Situ Polymerization of Hydrogel Electrolyte on Electrodes Enabling the Flexible All‐Hydrogel Supercapacitors with Low‐Temperature Adaptability
Authors: Zhang Yijing , Sun Yue , Nan Jingya , Yang Fusheng , Wang Zihao , Li Yuxi , Wang Chuchu , Chu Fuxiang , Liu Yupeng , Wang Chunpeng
Published: February 2024

All‐hydrogel supercapacitors are emerging as promising power sources for next‐generation wearable electronics due to their intrinsic mechanical flexibility, eco‐friendliness, and enhanced safety. However, the insufficient interfacial adhesion between the electrode and electrolyte and the frozen hydrogel matrices at subzero temperatures largely limit the practical applications of all‐hydrogel supercapacitors. Here, an all‐hydrogel supercapacitor is reported with robust interfacial contact and anti‐freezing property, fabricated by in situ polymerizing hydrogel electrolyte onto hydrogel electrodes. The robust interfacial adhesion is developed by the synergistic effect of a tough hydrogel matrix and topological entanglements. Meanwhile, the incorporation of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in the hydrogel electrolyte prevents the freezing of water solvents and endows the all‐hydrogel supercapacitor with mechanical flexibility and fatigue resistance across a wide temperature range of 20 °C to –60 °C. Such all‐hydrogel supercapacitor demonstrates satisfactory low‐temperature electrochemical performance, delivering a high energy density of 11 mWh cm−2 and excellent cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 90% over 10000 cycles at −40 °C. Notably, the fabricated all‐hydrogel supercapacitor can endure dynamic deformations and operate well under 2000 tension cycles even at −40 °C, without experiencing delamination and electrochemical failure. This work offers a promising strategy for flexible energy storage devices with low‐temperature adaptability.
Bioactive Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Distinctive Platform to Diagnosis and Treat Vascular Diseases
Authors: Liu Wen , Li Ying , Wang Yuanchao , Feng Yakai
Published: February 2024

Vascular diseases (VDs) pose the leading threat worldwide due to high morbidity and mortality. The detection of VDs is commonly dependent on individual signs, which limits the accuracy and timeliness of therapies, especially for asymptomatic patients in clinical management. Therefore, more effective early diagnosis and lesion‐targeted treatments remain a pressing clinical need. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials formed by the coordination of inorganic metal ions and organic ligands. Due to their unique high specific surface area, structural flexibility, and functional versatility, MOFs are recognized as highly promising candidates for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the field of VDs. In this review, the potential of MOFs to act as biosensors, contrast agents, artificial nanozymes, and multifunctional therapeutic agents in the diagnosis and treatment of VDs from the clinical perspective, highlighting the integration between clinical methods with MOFs is generalized. At the same time, multidisciplinary cooperation from chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine to promote the substantial commercial transformation of MOFs in tackling VDs is called for.
Strong Interface Coupling Enables Stability of Amorphous Meta‐Stable State in CoS/Ni3S2 for Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Luo Wei , Yu Yanli , Wu Yucheng , Wang Wenbin , Jiang Yimin , Shen Wei , He Rongxing , Su Wei , Li Ming
Published: February 2024

Rational design of heterostructure catalysts through phase engineering strategy plays a critical role in heightening the electrocatalytic performance of catalysts. Herein, a novel amorphous/crystalline (a/c) heterostructure (a‐CoS/Ni3S2) is manufactured by a facile hydrothermal sulfurization method. Strikingly, the interface coupling between amorphous phase (a‐CoS) and crystalline phase (Ni3S2) in a‐CoS/Ni3S2 is much stronger than that between crystalline phase (c‐CoS) and crystalline phase (Ni3S2) in crystalline/crystalline (c/c) heterostructure (c‐CoS/Ni3S2) as control sample, which makes the meta‐stable amorphous structure more stable. Meanwhile, a‐CoS/Ni3S2 has more S vacancies (Sv) than c‐CoS/Ni3S2 because of the presence of an amorphous phase. Eventually, for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the a‐CoS/Ni3S2 exhibits a significantly lower overpotential of 192 mV at 10 mA cm−2 compared to the c‐CoS/Ni3S2 (242 mV). An exceptionally low cell voltage of 1.51 V is required to achieve a current density of 50 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting in the assembled cell (a‐CoS/Ni3S2 || Pt/C). Theoretical calculations reveal that more charges transfer from a‐CoS to Ni3S2 in a‐CoS/Ni3S2 than in c‐CoS/Ni3S2, which promotes the enhancement of OER activity. This work will bring into play a fabrication strategy of a/c catalysts and the understanding of the catalytic mechanism of a/c heterostructures.
Physicochemical Characterization of Vitis vinifera Pruning Shots from Mendoza, Argentina: Extraction of Lignocellulosic Products
Authors: Giaroli María Carolina , Pérez Claudio Javier , Vega Gustavo Alberto , Ciolino Andrés Eduardo , Ninago Mario Daniel
Published: February 2024

For the first time, a complete physicochemical characterization of pruning residues from red grape varieties Cabernet Sauvignon (CSPR) and Malbec (MPR) from Mendoza, Argentina is reported. In addition, the extraction of lignocellulosic material by using an environmentally friendly methodology is reported, yielding 13.33 wt% for CSPR and 8.08 wt% for MPR. According to laser diffraction analysis (LD), the particle‐size distribution is similar for both varieties. Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning‐electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), and X‐rays diffraction (XRD) show the presence of lignin and cellulose in both samples. It may be concluded that vine shoots are an inexpensive and widely available source to obtain lignin and cellulose for multiple purposes, such as composites and blends.
Modification, Structure Identification, and Biological Activities of Phosphorylated Polysaccharides: A Review
Authors: Gao Yuchao , Liu Zechao , Dai Shasha , Zhao Jianduo , Guo Yibo , Cai Xu , Xue Hongkun
Published: February 2024

Polysaccharides are a kind of biological macromolecule, which widely exists in plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms, and other organisms. Polysaccharides exhibit various biological activities such as immunological regulation, antioxidation, antitumor, antiinflammatory, regulating intestinal flora, and protecting liver. These biological activities depend on their structure and physicochemical properties including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight (Mw), spatial configuration, etc. However, biological activities of polysaccharides are hardly comparable to synthetic drugs due to their inherent physicochemical properties. Therefore, structural modification of polysaccharides is an effective way to enhance their biological activities and promote the presentation of bioactivity. At present, phosphorylation modification is a common chemical modification method, which can effectively improve the biological activities of polysaccharides. However, there are limited reports on the synthesis, structure identification, and biological activities of phosphorylated polysaccharides. In view of this, the synthesis methods, structure identification methods, and biological activities of phosphorylated polysaccharides are reviewed in this paper. The findings can provide useful guidance for the research, production, and application of phosphorylated polysaccharides in functional foods and therapeutic agents.
Seismic behavior of reduced beam section joints considering concrete floor effect
Authors: Lu Shengcan , Luo Liang , Han Xiangxi , Liu Anqi
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the seismic impact of concrete floors on reduced beam section beam‐to‐column joints through four quasi‐static cyclic tests. We examine mechanical properties, failure modes, and processes against specific criteria. Additionally, we analyze hysteretic response, energy dissipation, stiffness, capacity, and stress–strain mechanisms. Moreover, the ABAQUS platform was used to reproduce the specimen nonlinear finite element model to compare and analyze the test results. The results showed that the specimens exhibit excellent energy dissipation capacity and ductility (with a coefficient of 5.00); the column‐bar connection characteristics affect the maximum capacity and plastic hinge behavior in the reduced beam area. The reduced section of beam's upper flange could not improve the overall seismic performance of the joint. The observed failure sequence is as follows: concrete floor cracking, beam flange yielding, reinforcement fracture, lower flange yielding in the reduced beam area, and overall joint failure. This sequence confirms that the joint fulfills the design criteria of a “strong column‐weak beam” by achieving the target of plastic hinge outward movement.