bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in the Use of Four Synthetic Antioxidants as Food Additives for Enhancing the Oxidative Stability of Refined Sunflower Oil (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Nid Ahmed Moussa , Gagour Jamila , Asbbane Abderrahim , Hallouch Otmane , Atrach Lahoucine , Giuffrè Angelo Maria , Majourhat Khalid , Gharby Said
Published: June 2024

The present investigation was performed to evaluate the effects of various synthetic antioxidants (vitamin A, vitamin E, β-carotene, and BHT) on the oxidation of sunflower oil subjected to accelerated thermal storage at 60 °C for three months (12 weeks). The performance of the antioxidants studied was evaluated using several quality parameters: the free fatty acid value (FFA), primary oxidation (via the peroxide value (PV) and K232 value), secondary oxidation products (via the anisidine value (p-AV) and K270 value), and the total oxidation value (TOTOX). The fatty acid composition (FAC), oxidizability value (COX), iodine value (IV), and pigment content (chlorophyll and carotenoid) were also evaluated. The results revealed that the control sample of sunflower oil exhibited higher susceptibility to oxidative deterioration. Antioxidants at 200 ppm were more effective in preserving the oxidative stability of sunflower oil subjected to accelerated storage compared to the control oil. The smallest increases in all stability parameter indexes were recorded for antioxidant-supplemented sunflower oil. However, the IV and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were reduced. At 200 ppm, vitamin E and β-carotene showed the greatest stability in sunflower oil, while their combination with vitamin A at 100 ppm of each showed the lowest stability. In addition, synthetic antioxidants provided greater protection against the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The highest level of PUFA degradation was recorded in the control oil, followed by the oil containing vitamin A. In conclusion, adding synthetic antioxidants to sunflower oil improves its stability during storage. However, some authors associated these molecules with a health risk due to carcinogenic effects as these molecules have been listed as “Generally Recognized As Safe” (GRAS).
Recent Progress of Deep Learning Methods for Health Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Madani Seyed Saeed , Ziebert Carlos , Vahdatkhah Parisa , Sadrnezhaad Sayed Khatiboleslam
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the rapid evolution of transportation electrification has been propelled by the widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as the primary energy storage solution. The critical need to ensure the safe and efficient operation of these LIBs has positioned battery management systems (BMS) as pivotal components in this landscape. Among the various BMS functions, state and temperature monitoring emerge as paramount for intelligent LIB management. This review focuses on two key aspects of LIB health management: the accurate prediction of the state of health (SOH) and the estimation of remaining useful life (RUL). Achieving precise SOH predictions not only extends the lifespan of LIBs but also offers invaluable insights for optimizing battery usage. Additionally, accurate RUL estimation is essential for efficient battery management and state estimation, especially as the demand for electric vehicles continues to surge. The review highlights the significance of machine learning (ML) techniques in enhancing LIB state predictions while simultaneously reducing computational complexity. By delving into the current state of research in this field, the review aims to elucidate promising future avenues for leveraging ML in the context of LIBs. Notably, it underscores the increasing necessity for advanced RUL prediction techniques and their role in addressing the challenges associated with the burgeoning demand for electric vehicles. This comprehensive review identifies existing challenges and proposes a structured framework to overcome these obstacles, emphasizing the development of machine-learning applications tailored specifically for rechargeable LIBs. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in this endeavor is pivotal, as researchers aspire to expedite advancements in battery performance and overcome present limitations associated with LIBs. In adopting a symmetrical approach, ML harmonizes with battery management, contributing significantly to the sustainable progress of transportation electrification. This study provides a concise overview of the literature, offering insights into the current state, future prospects, and challenges in utilizing ML techniques for lithium-ion battery health monitoring.
A Novel Reaction Rate Parametrization Method for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrochemical Modelling
Authors: Goussian Alain , Assaud Loïc , Baghdadi Issam , Nouillant Cédric , Franger Sylvain
Published: June 2024

To meet the ever-growing worldwide electric vehicle demand, the development of advanced generations of lithium-ion batteries is required. To this end, modelling is one of the pillars for the innovation process. However, modelling batteries containing a large number of different mechanisms occurring at different scales remains a field of research that does not provide consensus for each particular model or approach. Parametrization as part of the modelling process appears to be one of the issues when it comes to building a high-fidelity model of a target cell. In this paper, a particular parameter identification is therefore discussed. Indeed, even if Butler–Volmer is a well-known equation in the electrochemistry field, identification of its reaction rate constant or exchange current density parameters is lacking in the literature. Thus, we discuss the process described in the literature and propose a new protocol that expects to overcome certain difficulties whereas the hypothesis of calculation and measurement maintains high sensitivity.
The Stiffness of the Ascending Aorta Has a Direct Impact on Left Ventricular Function: An In Silico Model
Authors: Goetz Wolfgang Anton , Yao Jiang , Brener Michael , Puri Rishi , Swaans Martin , Schopka Simon , Wiesner Sigrid , Creutzenberg Marcus , Sievert Horst , Kassab Ghassan S.
Published: June 2024

During systole, longitudinal shortening of the left ventricle (LV) displaces the aortic root toward the apex of the heart and stretches the ascending aorta (AA). An in silico study (Living Left Heart Human Model, Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corporation) demonstrated that stiffening of the AA affects myocardial stress and LV strain patterns. With AA stiffening, myofiber stress increased overall in the LV, with particularly high-stress areas at the septum. The most pronounced reduction in strain was noted along the septal longitudinal region. The pressure–volume loops showed that AA stiffening caused a deterioration in LV function, with increased end-systolic volume, reduced systolic LV pressure, decreased stroke volume and effective stroke work, but elevated end-diastolic pressure. An increase in myofiber contractility indicated that stroke volume and effective stroke work could be recovered, with an increase in LV end-systolic pressure and a decrease in end-diastolic pressure. Longitudinal and radial strains remained reduced, but circumferential strains increased over baseline, compensating for lost longitudinal LV function. Myofiber stress increased overall, with the most dramatic increase in the septal region and the LV apex. We demonstrate a direct mechanical pathophysiologic link between stiff AA and reduced longitudinal left ventricular strain which are common in patients with HFpEF.
Continuous Detection of Stimulus Brightness Differences Using Visual Evoked Potentials in Healthy Volunteers with Closed Eyes
Authors: Kalb Stephan , Böck Carl , Bolz Matthias , Schlömmer Christine , Kudumija Lucija , Dünser Martin W. , Meier Jens
Published: June 2024

Background/Objectives: We defined the value of a machine learning algorithm to distinguish between the EEG response to no light or any light stimulations, and between light stimulations with different brightnesses in awake volunteers with closed eyelids. This new method utilizing EEG analysis is visionary in the understanding of visual signal processing and will facilitate the deepening of our knowledge concerning anesthetic research. Methods: X-gradient boosting models were used to classify the cortical response to visual stimulation (no light vs. light stimulations and two lights with different brightnesses). For each of the two classifications, three scenarios were tested: training and prediction in all participants (all), training and prediction in one participant (individual), and training across all but one participant with prediction performed in the participant left out (one out). Results: Ninety-four Caucasian adults were included. The machine learning algorithm had a very high predictive value and accuracy in differentiating between no light and any light stimulations (AUCROCall: 0.96; accuracyall: 0.94; AUCROCindividual: 0.96 ± 0.05, accuracyindividual: 0.94 ± 0.05; AUCROConeout: 0.98 ± 0.04; accuracyoneout: 0.96 ± 0.04). The machine learning algorithm was highly predictive and accurate in distinguishing between light stimulations with different brightnesses (AUCROCall: 0.97; accuracyall: 0.91; AUCROCindividual: 0.98 ± 0.04, accuracyindividual: 0.96 ± 0.04; AUCROConeout: 0.96 ± 0.05; accuracyoneout: 0.93 ± 0.06). The predictive value and accuracy of both classification tasks was comparable between males and females. Conclusions: Machine learning algorithms could almost continuously and reliably differentiate between the cortical EEG responses to no light or light stimulations using visual evoked potentials in awake female and male volunteers with eyes closed. Our findings may open new possibilities for the use of visual evoked potentials in the clinical and intraoperative setting.
Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Catalase: Strategies in Disease Prevention and Management
Authors: Anwar Shehwaz , Alrumaihi Faris , Sarwar Tarique , Babiker Ali Yousif , Khan Amjad Ali , Prabhu Sitrarasu Vijaya , Rahmani Arshad Husain
Published: June 2024

The antioxidant defense mechanisms play a critical role in mitigating the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase stands out as a paramount enzymatic antioxidant. It efficiently catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen, a potentially harmful byproduct of cellular metabolism. This reaction detoxifies H2O2 and prevents oxidative damage. Catalase has been extensively studied as a therapeutic antioxidant. Its applications range from direct supplementation in conditions characterized by oxidative stress to gene therapy approaches to enhance endogenous catalase activity. The enzyme’s stability, bioavailability, and the specificity of its delivery to target tissues are significant hurdles. Furthermore, studies employing conventional catalase formulations often face issues related to enzyme purity, activity, and longevity in the biological milieu. Addressing these challenges necessitates rigorous scientific inquiry and well-designed clinical trials. Such trials must be underpinned by sound experimental designs, incorporating advanced catalase formulations or novel delivery systems that can overcome existing limitations. Enhancing catalase’s stability, specificity, and longevity in vivo could unlock its full therapeutic potential. It is necessary to understand the role of catalase in disease-specific contexts, paving the way for precision antioxidant therapy that could significantly impact the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Enhancing Prostate and Bladder Cancer Treatment: Exploring the Synergistic Potential of Entecavir and 5-Fluorouracil Combinations
Authors: Lourenço Tânia , Marques Lara , Ribeiro Eduarda , Vale Nuno
Published: June 2024

Prostate and bladder cancer treatments have several challenges, including intense side effects and mechanisms of resistance. Thus, it is urgent to find drugs that can fill these gaps. For this purpose, Entecavir (ETV) was tested alone and in combination with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Prior to this, a preliminary computational analysis was conducted to evaluate the combination of these two drugs. After exposing PC-3 and UM-UC-5 cells to the drugs, cell morphology was assessed using a microscope, while cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity were evaluated using the MTT assay, and finally, the statistical analysis was performed. It was concluded that ETV showed significant cytotoxic effects in the PC-3 cells, and 5-FU, although not as effective as in other tumor types, it managed to inhibit the viability of the PC-3 cells. The combination of 5-FU with ETV after 72 h of exposure is an advantageous association, surpassing the results of each drug alone. In the UM-UC-5 cells, ETV alone did not produce the expected effect, neither did the combination. Nevertheless, repurposing ETV has proven to be an effective strategy in PC, especially through its combination with 5-FU.
Bionic 3D Path Planning for Plant Protection UAVs Based on Swarm Intelligence Algorithms and Krill Swarm Behavior
Authors: Xu Nuo , Zhu Haochen , Sun Jiyu
Published: June 2024

The protection of plants in mountainous and hilly areas differs from that in plain areas due to the complex terrain, which divides the work plot into many narrow plots. When designing the path planning method for plant protection UAVs, it is important to consider the generality in different working environments. To address issues such as poor path optimization, long operation time, and excessive iterations required by traditional swarm intelligence algorithms, this paper proposes a bionic three-dimensional path planning algorithm for plant protection UAVs. This algorithm aims to plan safe and optimal flight paths between work plots obstructed by multiple obstacle areas. Inspired by krill group behavior and based on group intelligence algorithm theory, the bionic three-dimensional path planning algorithm consists of three states: “foraging behavior”, “avoiding enemy behavior”, and “cruising behavior”. The current position information of the UAV in the working environment is used to switch between these states, and the optimal path is found after several iterations, which realizes the adaptive global and local convergence of the track planning, and improves the convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm. The optimal flight path is obtained by smoothing using a third-order B-spline curve. Three sets of comparative simulation experiments are designed to verify the performance of this proposed algorithm. The results show that the bionic swarm intelligence algorithm based on krill swarm behavior reduces the path length by 1.1~17.5%, the operation time by 27.56~75.15%, the path energy consumption by 13.91~27.35%, and the number of iterations by 46~75% compared with the existing algorithms. The proposed algorithm can shorten the distance of the planned path more effectively, improve the real-time performance, and reduce the energy consumption.
Biomimetic Design of Soil-Engaging Components: A Review
Authors: Xu Zihe , Qi Hongyan , Gao Peng , Wang Shuo , Liu Xuanting , Ma Yunhai
Published: June 2024

Soil-engaging components play a critical role in agricultural production and engineering construction. However, the soil-engaging components directly interacting with the soil often suffer from the problems of high resistance, adhesion, and wear, which significantly reduce the efficiency and quality of soil operations. A large number of featured studies on the design of soil-engaging components have been carried out while applying the principles of bionics extensively, and significant research results have been achieved. This review conducts a comprehensive literature survey on the application of biomimetics in the design of soil-engaging components. The focus is on performance optimization in regard to the following three aspects: draught reduction, anti-adhesion, and wear resistance. The mechanisms of various biomimetic soil-engaging components are systematically explained. Based on the literature analysis and biomimetic research, future trends in the development of biomimetic soil-engaging components are discussed from both the mechanism and application perspectives. This research is expected to provide new insights and inspiration for addressing related scientific and engineering challenges.
Sex Differences in White Matter Diffusivity in Children with Developmental Dyslexia
Authors: Gupta Gehna , Arrington C. Nikki , Morris Robin
Published: June 2024

Despite the high prevalence of developmental dyslexia in the U.S. population, research remains limited and possibly biased due to the overrepresentation of males in most dyslexic samples. Studying biological sex differences in the context of developmental dyslexia can help provide a more complete understanding of the neurological markers that underly this disorder. The current study aimed to explore sex differences in white matter diffusivity in typical and dyslexic samples in third and fourth graders. Participants were asked to complete behavioral/cognitive assessments at baseline followed by MRI scanning and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. A series of ANOVAs were conducted for comparing group membership (developmental dyslexia or typically developing), gender status (F/M), and white matter diffusivity in the tracts of interest. The Results indicated significant differences in fractional anisotropy in the left hemisphere components of the inferior and superior (parietal and temporal) longitudinal fasciculi. While males with dyslexia had lower fractional anisotropy in these tracts compared to control males, no such differences were found in females. The results of the current study may suggest that females may use a more bilateral/alternative reading network.
Validity of the BOT-2 Short Form for Korean School-Age Children: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Yoon Deukgeun , Choi Dabin , Kim Misun , Ji Seokyeon , Joung Yoo-Sook , Kim Eun Young
Published: June 2024

The Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) is the most common motor assessment in Korea. The BOT-2–Short Form (SF) is preferred over the complete form (CF) in settings with limited time. The present study aimed to assess the validity of the BOT-2 SF in Korean school-age children. First, we verified that the BOT-2 SF reflects developmental changes in motor skills. Second, we compared the BOT-2 SF scores to those of the BOT-2 CF. A total of 283 Korean school-age children performed the BOT-2. The differences in the BOT-2 SF point according to age group (7 years, 8–9 years, and 10–12 years) were analyzed. A correlation analysis of the standard scores between the BOT-2 SF and CF was conducted. The sensitivity and specificity of the BOT-2 SF were calculated in reference to its CF. Overall, the BOT-2 SF point scores increased with age. The correlation between the total scores of the BOT-2 SF and CF was strong. The BOT-2 SF had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 92%. This study has demonstrated the validity of the BOT-2 SF in Korean school-age children. The BOT2 SF can be useful in screening Korean school-age children with motor skills problems.
Lifestyle Habits Related to Internet Use in Adolescents: Relationships between Wellness, Happiness, and Mental Health
Authors: Lesinskienė Sigita , Šambaras Rokas , Butvilaitė Agnė , Andruškevič Justina , Kubilevičiūtė Margarita , Stanelytė Urtė , Skabeikaitė Severija , Jūraitytė Izabelė , Ridzvanavičiūtė Ieva , Pociūtė Kamilė , Istomina Natalja
Published: June 2024

Background: Studies in recent years have shown a significant increase in problematic internet use. Prolonged internet usage negatively impacts various aspects of adolescents’ lifestyles. Methods: The survey was conducted in three Lithuanian cities—Vilnius, Klaipėda, and Molėtai—between October and December of 2023. The survey involved students between the ages of 12 and 16. The participants completed a questionnaire that included questions about wellness and happiness, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Our study aimed to investigate problematic internet use among Lithuanian adolescents and its relationships with wellness, happiness, and mental health. Results: This study included 1412 adolescents, with a mean age of 14.41 ± 1.20, with the sample composed of 52.3% boys. Boys indicated that they felt healthier and happier than girls (69.4% vs. 47.4%; 51.4% vs. 29.6%), p < 0.001. A total of 20.8% of students had IAT scores that reflect a normal level of internet usage. For IAT, the average score of girls was statistically significantly higher than that of boys (41.87 ± 12.24 vs. 39.96 ± 12.37), p < 0.001. The IAT score was higher in the group of students who felt less happy and healthy, had more frequent headaches or abdominal pain, and had problems with sleep, p < 0.001. A statistically significant, positive weak correlation was found between students’ IAT scores and SDQ internalizing and SDQ externalizing scores (r = 0.366; r = 0.385, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Prolonged internet use is arising as a serious problem among adolescents. Negative feelings, unhappiness, and poor emotion regulation have an association with internet addiction. Also, the female gender may be more associated with possible internet addiction. The results of this study can serve as initial steps toward developing preventive interventions.
Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Electrodiagnosis in the Evaluation of Clinical Suspicion of Lumbosacral Radiculopathy
Authors: Montaner-Cuello Alberto , Caudevilla-Polo Santos , Rodríguez-Mena Diego , Ciuffreda Gianluca , Pardos-Aguilella Pilar , Albarova-Corral Isabel , Pérez-Rey Jorge , Bueno-Gracia Elena
Published: June 2024

(1) Background: The diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy involves anamnesis, an assessment of sensitivity and strength, diagnostic imaging—usually magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—and electrodiagnostic testing (EDX), typically electromyography (EMG), and electroneurography (ENG). MRI evaluates the structures supporting the spinal cord, while EDX evaluates root functionality. The present study aimed to analyze the concordance of MRI and EDX findings in patients with clinically suspected radiculopathy. Additionally, we investigated the comparison between these two reference tests and various clinical variables and questionnaires. (2) Methods: We designed a prospective epidemiological study of consecutive cases with an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and double-blind nature following the STROBE guidelines, encompassing 142 patients with clinical suspicion of lumbosacral radiculopathy. (3) Results: Of the sample, 58.5% tested positive for radiculopathy using EDX as the reference test, while 45.8% tested positive using MRI. The comparison between MRI and EDX in the diagnosis of radiculopathy in patients with clinical suspicion was not significant; the overall agreement was 40.8%. Only the years with symptoms were comparatively significant between the positive and negative radiculopathy groups as determined by EDX. (4) Conclusion: The comparison between lumbar radiculopathy diagnoses in patients with clinically suspected pathology using MRI and EDX as diagnostic modalities did not yield statistically significant findings. MRI and EDX are complementary tests assessing different aspects in patients with suspected radiculopathy; degeneration of the structures supporting the spinal cord does not necessarily imply root dysfunction.
Finite-Time Adaptive Quantized Control for Quadrotor Aerial Vehicle with Full States Constraints and Validation on QDrone Experimental Platform
Authors: Zhang Xiuyu , Li He , Zhu Guoqiang , Zhang Yanhui , Wang Chenliang , Wang Yang , Su Chun-Yi
Published: June 2024

The issue of finite-time stability has garnered significant attention in the control systems of quadrotor aerial vehicles. However, existing techniques for achieving finite-time control often fail to consider the system’s state constraint characteristics and rarely address input quantization issues, thereby limiting their practical applicability. To address these problems, this paper proposes a finite-time adaptive neural network tracking control scheme based on a novel barrier Lyapunov function for the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system. Firstly, an adjustable boundary for the barrier Lyapunov function is introduced in the control system of a quadrotor UAV, enabling convergence of all states within finite-time constraints during trajectory tracking. Subsequently, a filter compensation signal is incorporated into the recursive design process of the controller to mitigate errors caused by filtering. Finally, a smoothing intermediate function is employed to alleviate the impact of input quantization on the quadrotor system. Experimental validation is conducted on the Quanser QDrone experimental platform to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control scheme.
European Burns Association (EBA)—Summer 2024 News
Authors: Almeland Stian , Depetris Nadia ,   on behalf of the European Burns Association Executive Board
Published: June 2024

The European Burns Association (EBA), as the proud owner of the European Burn Journal (EBJ), is committed to fostering collaboration and maximizing the impact of our common goals, i [...]
Burnout in Medical Specialists Redeployed to Emergency Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nash Carol
Published: June 2024

Burnout represents a concern for all healthcare providers, particularly emergency medical care specialists for whom burnout outcomes have been well documented. What remains unknown is the effect of burnout on redeployed medical specialists during the COVID-19 pandemic from an appointment-centered practice to emergency care directed by public health considerations. This research aims to identify and assess the burnout responses of fourteen medical specialties noted in the search returns of the four most cited articles published since 2020 about non-emergency physicians regarding their burnout, which was brought on by unanticipated emergency care delivery during the recent pandemic, using qualitative case study-like methodology. The hypothesis is that medical specialists accustomed to planning for emergency possibilities in their appointment-centered practice would demonstrate the least burnout regarding COVID-19-related emergencies. Considering coping as a process based on Lazarus’s research, comparing and ranking the COVID-19 emergency responses across the various normally appointment-centered medical specialties in their employed coping strategies determines the outcome. With the results supporting the hypothesis, suggested interventions for future pandemics—when these specialists are, again, redeployed to emergency care directed by public health considerations—are the coping strategies identified as the most effective in reducing burnout while maintaining the viability of the medical specialty and excellent patient care.
Bacterial Nanocellulose Produced by Cost-Effective and Sustainable Methods and Its Applications: A Review
Authors: Taokaew Siriporn
Published: June 2024

This review discusses the recent advancements in cost-effective fermentation methods for producing bacterial nanocellulose (BC) from food and agro-industrial waste. Achieving economical cell culture media is crucial for large-scale BC production, requiring nutrient-rich media at low cost to maximize cellulose yield. Various pretreatment methods, including chemical, physical, and biological approaches, are stated to break down waste into accessible molecules for cellulose-producing bacteria. Additionally, strategies such as dynamic bioreactors and genetic engineering methods are investigated to enhance BC production. This review also focuses on the environmental impact assessment and updated application challenges of BC such as medical applications, energy storage/electronics, filtration membranes, and food packaging. By providing insights from the recent literature findings, this review highlights the innovative potential and challenges in economically and efficiently producing BC from waste streams.
Design and Development of an Electronic Board for Supporting the Operation of Electrochemical Gas Sensors
Authors: Suriano Domenico
Published: June 2024

Air quality monitoring is performed by agencies using instrumentation based on extremely reliable technologies but characterized by high costs. An alternative gas sensing technology is the electrochemical gas sensor which, even though having a lower accuracy, offers some advantages, such as low costs and high miniaturization. Among the gas sensors designed for air quality monitoring, the most interesting are the ones based on electrochemical cells. To operate such sensors, it is necessary to have an electronic circuit typically implemented on electronic boards provided by the sensor manufacturer. The research described in this document regards the design and implementation of an electronic board to support the operation of the “B” series of the electrochemical gas sensors produced by Alphasense. This brand provides electronic boards that, on one side, are capable of offering excellent performances, but on the other side, are characterized by some limitations, such as the possibility of using only one sensor at a time. The experimental activities of our laboratory in the field of real-time air quality monitoring by using low-cost devices and technologies demand electronic boards to support the operation of such sensors having a higher grade of flexibility. To overcome this and other limitations, a new electronic board has been designed and implemented. In this document, its design and the implementation details are described.
A Study on Sugar Content Improvement and Distribution Flow Response through Citrus Sugar Content Prediction Based on the PyCaret Library
Authors: Kim Yongjun , Byun Yung-Cheol , Lee Sang-Joon
Published: June 2024

Despite the increasing attention on smart farms as a solution to rural issues such as aging agricultural populations, a shortage of young farmers, decreased production area, and reduced investment leading to stagnant income, exports, and growth rates, many farms still rely on traditional methods like cultivating tangerines in open fields. Despite this, increasing farm income requires producing high-quality tangerines and selling them at premium prices, with fruit sweetness being a crucial factor. Therefore, there is a need to examine the close correlation between tangerine quality and sweetness. In this paper, we use deep learning with the PyCaret library to predict and analyze tangerine sweetness using data from seven regions in Jeju and 13 comprehensive factors influencing sweetness, including terrain, temperature, humidity, precipitation, sunlight, wind speed, acidity, sugar-acid ratio, and others. Although applying all 13 factors could achieve over 90% accuracy, our study, limited to seven factors, still achieves a respectable 82.4% prediction accuracy, demonstrating the significant impact of weather data on sweetness. Moreover, these optimistic predictions enable the estimation of tangerine quality and price formation in the market for the coming year, allowing tangerine farmers and related agencies to respond to market conditions proactively. Furthermore, by applying these data to smart farms to control factors influencing tangerine sweetness, it is anticipated that high-quality tangerine production and increased farm income can be achieved.
Cytogenetics of Five Edible Species of the Genus Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Saensouk Piyaporn , Muangsan Nooduan , Souladeth Phetlasy , Koompoot Kamonwan , Pradit Nakorn , Sengthong Anousone , Saensouk Surapon
Published: June 2024

Five edible species of the genus Kaempferia—K. minuta, K. phuphanensis, K. sisaketensis, K. takensis, and K. udonensis—in Thailand were cytologically studied by their root tips. The somatic chromosome numbers of all species were found to be 2n = 22, and the FNs of all species were revealed to be 44. The karyotype of all five rare and endemic species was provided: 10m + 12sm with three satellites for K. minuta, 12m + 10sm with six satellites for K. phuphanensis, 18m + 4sm with four satellites for K. sisaketensis, 6m + 10sm + 6st with three satellites for K. takensis, and 14m + 2sm + 6st with two satellites for K. udonensis. This research identified all new karyological information regarding the chromosome number, FN, karyotype, and ideogram of all the species. They all had a symmetrical karyotype. The chromosome structures and karyotype formula of five edible Kaempferia species from Thailand can be used for species identification.
Genome-Wide Identification of Nucleotide-Binding Site–Leucine-Rich Repeat Gene Family in Cymbidium ensifolium and Expression Profiles in Response to Fusarium Wilt Infection
Authors: Yan Lu , Su Bin-Xian , Li Jin-Jin , Li Yu-Yan , Chen Shu-Yi , Feng Cai-Yun , Tian Yang , Ai Ye , Zhang Qing-Hua
Published: June 2024

Fusarium wilt in Cymbidium ensifolium, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is highly contagious and poses a severe hazard. It significantly reduces the ornamental value of C. ensifolium and causes substantial economic losses in agricultural production. Nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes are key regulatory factors in plant disease resistance responses, playing vital roles in defending against pathogen invasions. In our study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the NBS-LRR gene family in the genome of Cymbidium ensifolium. Phylogenetic analysis identified a total of 31 NBS-LRR genes encoding NB-ARC proteins, which were categorized into five classes (CNL, CN, NL, N, RNL) based on their protein structural domains. These genes were found to be unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. Physicochemical analysis revealed significant variances in molecular weight and sequence length among the family members. Subcellular localization results indicated that most genes primarily reside in the cytoplasm and cell membrane, suggesting that the primary sites of disease resistance responses may be the cell membrane and cyto-plasm. Furthermore, noticeable disparities were observed in gene structures and conserved motifs among different categories of family genes. Promoter analysis indicated that cis-regulatory elements are mainly associated with plant stress, jasmonic acid, gibberellin, and other development-related factors, suggesting that CeNBS-LRR genes mainly resist external stress through hormones such as abscisic acid and jasmonic acid. We characterized twenty-seven CeNBS-LRR gene expression patterns of healthy C. ensifolium at different periods after Fusarium wilt infection, and found that those genes exhibit a temporospatial expression pattern, and that their expression is also responsive to Fusarium wilt infection. By analyzing the expression pattern via transcriptome and qRT-PCR, we speculated that JL006442 and JL014305 may play key roles in resisting Fusarium wilt. This study lays the groundwork and holds considerable significance as a reference for identifying disease-resistant genes and facilitating genetic breeding in C. ensifolium.
Metabolomic Analysis of Lycoris radiata across Developmental and Dormancy Stages
Authors: Jiang Xueru , Wei Xuying , Cheng Hua , You Xin , Cai Junhuo
Published: June 2024

The Lycoris radiata (L’ Herit.) Herb. is a perennial bulbous plant characterized by its high ornamental and medicinal value, exhibiting a unique growth rhythm where the flower and leaf do not coexist and a period of summer dormancy. However, its metabolic response to various developmental stages remains unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a non-targeted metabolomic analysis spanning six developmental stages of L. radiata. The results showed that most differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) demonstrated enrichment predominantly in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways, with the former being more active during vegetative growth and the latter during reproductive stages. The proportion of DAMs categorized under “quaternary ammonium salts”, “tricarboxylic acids and derivatives”, “fatty acids and conjugates”, and “pyrimidine nucleotide sugars” was notably higher in comparisons between the flowering and dormancy stages than in other comparative groups. Furthermore, DAMs involved in the KEGG pathways of C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism and lysine biosynthesis were uniquely identified during the transition from Dormancy to Flowering. The proportion of DAMs associated with “linoleic acids and derivatives” and “pyridines and pyridine derivatives” was notably higher in the leafing out versus flowering comparison than in other comparative groups. Furthermore, the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway was uniquely enriched by DAMs during this phase. This study provided an in-depth view of metabolite changes in L. radiata over its annual growth cycle, enriching our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing its development, dormancy, and flowering.
Substance P Promotes Leukocyte Infiltration in the Liver and Lungs of Mice with Sepsis: A Key Role for Adhesion Molecules on Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zhu Zhixing , Chambers Stephen , Bhatia Madhav
Published: June 2024

Substance P (SP), encoded by the Tac1 gene, has been shown to promote leukocyte infiltration and organ impairment in mice with sepsis. Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) is the major receptor that mediates the detrimental impact of SP on sepsis. This investigation studied whether SP affects the expression of adhesion molecules, including intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) on vascular endothelial cells in the liver and lungs, contributing to leukocyte infiltration in these tissues of mice with sepsis. Sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery in mice. The actions of SP were inhibited by deleting the Tac1 gene, blocking NK1R, or combining these two methods. The activity of myeloperoxidase and the concentrations of ICAM1 and VCAM1 in the liver and lungs, as well as the expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 on vascular endothelial cells in these tissues, were measured. The activity of myeloperoxidase and the concentration of ICAM1 and VCAM1 in the liver and lungs, as well as the expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 on vascular endothelial cells in these tissues, increased in mice with CLP surgery-induced sepsis. Suppressing the biosynthesis of SP and its interactions with NK1R attenuated CLP surgery-induced alterations in the liver and lungs of mice. Our findings indicate that SP upregulates the expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1 on vascular endothelial cells in the liver and lungs, thereby increasing leukocyte infiltration in these tissues of mice with CLP surgery-induced sepsis by activating NK1R.
Transductive and Transfer Learning
Authors: Lavine Barry K. , Booksh Karl S. , Neal Sharon L.
Published: June 2024

For most of the twentieth century, chemistry has been a data-poor discipline relying on well-thought-out hypotheses and carefully planned experiments to develop solutions to real-world problems [...]
Comparative Bilateral Measurements of Vastus Lateralis Muscle Oxygen Desaturation Kinetics during 30 S Sprint Cycling Exercise: Effects of Age and Performance
Authors: Reinpõld Karmen , Rannama Indrek , Port Kristjan
Published: June 2024

The study assessed vastus lateralis oxygen desaturation kinetics (SmO2) in 32 male cyclists (16 Seniors, 16 Juniors) during a 30 s sprint, examining effects of age and performance. An incremental test was used to determine ventilatory thresholds (VT1, VT2) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2kg), followed by a sprint test to evaluate anaerobic performance. Cyclists’ performance phenotype was determined as the ratio of power at VT2 to 5 s peak sprint power. Juniors exhibited sprinter-like traits, excelling in all functional tests except for lactate levels post-sprint. SmO2 data showed no age-related or bilateral differences across participants. The combined mean response time (MRT) revealed stronger bilateral goodness of fit (R2 = 0.64) than individual time delay (TD) and time constant (τ). Higher VO2kg at VT2, peak power, and maximal uptake were linked to longer TD, while shorter TD correlated with higher lactate production and increased fatigue. Bilaterally averaged SmO2 kinetics distinguished between sprint and endurance athletes, indicating the potential to reflect the alactic anaerobic system’s capacity and depletion. Age did not affect desaturation rates, but younger cyclists showed greater response amplitude, attributed to a higher initial baseline rather than maximal desaturation at the end of the exercise.
Buenas no[tʃ]es y mu[ts]isimas gracias: A Sociophonetic Study of the Alveolar Affricate in Peninsular Spanish Political Speech
Authors: Pollock Matthew
Published: June 2024

While variation in the southern Peninsular Spanish affricate /tʃ/ has been considered in the context of deaffrication to [ʃ], this study examines an emergent variant [ts] in the context of sociolinguistic identity and style in political speech. Based on a corpus of public speech from Madrid and Andalusia, Spain, this study examines the phonetic and sociolinguistic characteristics of the affricate, finding variation in the quality of the frication portion of the segment through an analysis of segment duration (ms), the center of gravity (Hz), and a categorical identification of realization type. The results suggest that both linguistic variables, like phonetic environment, stress, lexical frequency, and following vowel formant height, as well as extralinguistic variables, like speaker city, gender, political affiliation, and speech context, condition use. Based on these findings, it appears that production of the alveolar affricate [ts] is an incipient sociolinguistic marker in the process of acquiring social meaning. It is particularly associated with female speech and prestige norms that transcend regional identification. This alveolar variant serves as an additional sociolinguistic resource accessible for identity development among politicians and offers insight into ongoing change in the affricate inventory of southern and northern-central Peninsular Spanish.
The Association of a Single Nucleotide Variant in COL5A1 to Early Onset Keratoconus and Pectus Excavatum—Convergence of Extracellular Matrix Pathologies
Authors: Bryant Griffin , Moore Peyton , Sathyamoorthy Mohanakrishnan
Published: June 2024

Keratoconus is a bilateral ocular condition characterized by irregularities and the thinning of the cornea. Decreased central corneal thickness is a hallmark of the condition, and numerous genes have played a role in altering corneal thickness and the subsequent development of keratoconus. Variants in the structural and regulatory genes of the extracellular matrix have been highly associated with keratoconus, as well as with pectus excavatum, a chest wall deformity commonly seen in connective tissue disorders. This report describes a patient with a c.1720-11T>A intronic variant in the collagen-encoding gene, COL5A1, who was diagnosed with early-onset keratoconus and demonstrated a significant pectus excavatum. This report associates a COL5A1 variant with these seemingly unrelated phenotypic associations, further advancing the literature on the topic.
Gastric Metastasis Mimicking Early Gastric Cancer from Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yoo Kwon Cheol , Kim Dae Hoon , Park Sungmin , Yun HyoYung , Ryu Dong Hee , Lee Jisun , Son Seung-Myoung
Published: June 2024

Backgound and Objectives: Gastric metastasis from invasive ductal breast cancer (BC) is rare. It mainly occurs in patients with lobular BC. The occurrence of multiple metastases is typically observed several years after the primary diagnosis. Endoscopic findings of gastric metastasis of the BC were usually the linitis plastic type. Case presentation: A 72-year-old women who underwent right modified radical mastectomy (MRM) 10 month ago was referred after being diagnosed with early gastric cancer (EGC) during systemic chemotherapy. EGC type I was found at gastric fundus, and pathologic finding showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Metachronous double primary tumor EGC was considered. Management and Outcome: A laparoscopic total gastrectomy was performed, and postoperative pathology revealed submucosa invasion and two lymph node metastases. A pathologic review that focused on immunohistochemical studies of selected antibodies such as GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), cytokeratin 7 (CK7) was performed again, comparing previous results. As a result, gastric metastasis from BC was diagnosed. After totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy, palliative first-line chemotherapy with paclitaxel/CDDP was performed. Two months after gastrectomy, she was diagnosed with para-aortic lymph node metastasis and multiple bone metastases. She expired six months after gastrectomy. Conclusions: Gastric metastasis from invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, which is clinically manifested as EGC, is a very rare condition. If there is a history of BC, careful pathological review will be required.
Cardiac-to-Bronchial Fistula in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Hung-Hsu , Lai Yu-Hung , Wu Chin-Chu , Hsieh Wen-Pei
Published: June 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality globally. While the acute and often fatal manifestations of locally advanced HCC primarily present within the abdomen, it is crucial to recognize that the respiratory and circulatory systems can also fall victim due to the liver’s unique anatomical position within the body. Here, we present the case of a 63-year-old male recently diagnosed with locally advanced HCC with vascular invasion. Shortly after receiving target therapy and focal radiotherapy, the patient developed repeated secondary infections and a persistent diaphragmatic defect. As the necrotic tissue invaded the pleural space, subsequent tumor-to-bronchial and tumor-to-cardiac fistulas emerged, resulting in an abnormal connection between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, leading to massive air emboli in circulation. This report highlights the risk of supradiaphragmatic complications in HCC patients with post-treatment secondary infections, particularly in patients predisposed to developing diaphragmatic defects.