bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Follow-up in a Cohort of Children with Congenital Malformations Affecting Lung Development: A Cohort Study
Authors: Mussi Nicole , Maugeri Erika , Deolmi Michela , Scarpa Alberto , Casolari Emilio , Pisi Giovanna , Fainardi Valentina , Esposito Susanna
Published: July 2024

Background; Congenital malformations like oesophageal atresia (OA) and tracheo-esophageal fistula (TOF), congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and vascular rings (VRs) can influence lung development and respiratory function with significant impact on individuals, families, and health care system. This observational study outlines our multidisciplinary approach and respiratory follow-up for children with these congenital malformations.
Methods; We collected clinical data of children followed at the Pediatric Respiratory Unit of Parma University Hospital (Italy) between January 2015 and May 2023.
Results; Thirty-five patients have been included. The most common anomalies were AE (n = 12) and CHD (n = 9), followed by CPAMs (n = 9) and VRs (n = 5). In 50% of patients, the diagnosis was made through prenatal ultrasound, particularly in almost all patients with CPAMs (88.8%) and CDH (77.7%), contrary to OE, diagnosed postnatally in the majority of patients (83%). Children underwent their first respiratory visit at an average age of 2.5 years, follow-up was conducted on average every 6 months. More than half of patients (54%) was hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections, particularly those with OA and those aged <3 years. Eight out of the 16 children capable of performing spirometry showed abnormalities in lung function.
Conclusions; Children with congenital malformations are at risk of short and long-term respiratory complications. A personalized follow-up with close collaboration between pediatric pulmonologist, surgeon, neonatologist, physiotherapist is essential to optimize their management and improve their respiratory function.
Estimated Feasibility of Controlled Corn Seed Orientation
Authors: Coleman Edwin , Bir Courtney , Taylor Randal K. , Landolt Darian , Koller Adrian
Published: July 2024

Highlights

Corn seed orientation at planting leads to symmetrically oriented leaves across rows, increasing grain yields.

Although increased yield increases revenue, there are additional costs associated with the technology.

This study compares the financial implications of oriented seed technology to traditional planting.

For medium- and high-use producers, oriented corn seed technology pays even at a higher cost of technology.

Abstract. Past research has shown that controlled corn seed orientation at planting leads to symmetrically oriented leaves across rows, resulting in increased grain yields. This study determined the financial outcome, in terms of net present value (NPV), of implementing new corn planter technology that allows for corn seed orientation. NPV’s were estimated using stochastic analysis for input prices, yield, and revenue. Additionally, the payback period was calculated. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using potential price points and usage levels for the new corn planter technology. Three producer usage levels were evaluated: 647 ha (low), 971 ha (medium), and 1295 ha (high). All scenarios were analyzed over 5 years. Three potential machine (technology) costs were also evaluated: $32,000, $96,000, and $160,000. The use of oriented corn seed placement technology (OSP) outperformed traditional methods for all usage levels when sold at $32,000. The use of OSP was about equal for the high-usage producer at a price of $96,000. Within the parameters evaluated, some producers would benefit from adopting the oriented corn seed placement technology if the technology was offered at a price of $32,000. This research is of interest to developers and manufacturers interested in developing such technology, as well as researchers considering further evaluation of oriented corn seed placement. Further research is needed to better establish yield benefits and prices for oriented corn seed technology. Keywords: Corn seed orientation, Corn yield, Cost-benefit analysis, Payback period.
Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Improve Scraped Surface Freezer Operation for Producing Frozen Desserts
Authors: Panditharatne Dimuth , Gallagher Lauren , Chung Hanwook , Jung Seunghyeon , Hartel Richard , Choi Christopher Y.
Published: July 2024

Highlights

Mixing, scraping, and freezing processes of a scraped surface freezer were simulated.

The outcomes were validated by axial temperature and particle residence time.

The computational results visualized complex flow patterns with recirculating zones.

Abstract. With consumers becoming more aware of the health risks associated with obesity, the food industry has begun to seek better ways to produce healthier frozen desserts. Making such products has been a challenge, as it is difficult to control the taste quality of a product while also attempting to maintain its nutritional value and decrease the amount of fat and sugar it contains. The difficulty is made greater by a lack of understanding of the freezing process. Essentially, commercial ice cream products are crystallized inside a component called a scrape surface freezer (SSF), which contains a high-speed rotational beater, a dasher, and blades for mixing and scraping the ice cream mixture from the walls of the cylinder. In this study, the complex mixing, scraping, and freezing processes of an SSF were modeled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate and understand these processes virtually because they are extremely difficult to evaluate physically. Therefore, a CFD simulation model was developed to comprehend the complex nature of heat transfer and fluid dynamics. The computational outcomes were validated by means of two experimental comparisons: an axial profile of the temperature occurring inside the SSF and a profile depicting particle residence time. The CFD results aided in the visual identification of details pertaining to such flow patterns as high shear stress and recirculating zones. This study should provide a basis for the SSF designs based on advanced computational models, with the result being a more efficient, cost-effective way to produce healthier versions of frozen desserts. Keywords: Computational fluid dynamics, Food process, Particle tracking, Residence time distribution, Scraped surface freezer, Sorbet production.
The pluralistic ontology in youth groups for mental health
Authors: Agudelo-Hernández Felipe , Peralta Duque Beatriz del Carmen , Rojas-Andrade Rodrigo
Published: July 2024

Mental problems in young people are increasing and recovery proposals from classic biomedical models are not always effective. One of the responses to this has been the Mutual Help Groups, groups made up of people who meet periodically to help each other based on principles such as trust, transversality, the creation of support networks and new possibilities for psychosocial recovery. These possibilities arise from the same people, with the help of others, to have new ways of understanding reality and approaching it, which is called the agency of possibilities. This research aims to understand the contribution that Mutual Aid Groups make to young people’s mental health through group agency. For this, an analysis is carried out through the ‘Event’, an element of the pluralistic ontology of neo-monadism, which is defined as the unification of individualities based on incalculable networks that overlap with each other to generate new questions and new answers. Using thematic analysis as an analysis tool, in-depth interviews were conducted with six young people with mental problems belonging to a Mutual Help Group. There it was found that intentional states broadly explain world-to-mind, mind-to-world and mind-to-mind functional relationships and interactions, which contributes to ontological pluralism as a new paradigm for addressing social problems. Mental health care has long sought to control people. In this sense, negative adaptation guarantees recovery in vain. On the other hand, positive adaptation, from desires, from heterogeneous forces and beliefs, could be a more effective recovery path.
Foreign Language Teacher's Attitudes Towards a Pre-designed Language Learning System
Authors: Rebolledo Roxana , Veas Candy
Published: July 2024

Once the pandemic concluded, the Foreign Languages Department of a Chilean state university hired a Canadian company to implement a pre-designed language learning system (PLLS). This platform was to be used by all teachers and students, as it contained various activities to develop all four language skills, including pronunciation practice through AI-based voice recognition. This study explores the attitudes of 17 university teachers towards using these pre-elaborated resources, activities, and assessments in their communicative English and German courses. A mixed-method approach was used, involving a survey based on the Technology Adoption Model (TAM) and individual interviews. Descriptive statistics were obtained from the survey responses, and qualitative data were analysed using content analysis techniques.

The results indicate that teachers' attitudes towards the PLLS were generally neutral to negative. Instructors expressed their concerns  about the system's pre-designed content and perceived functionality. Perceived ease of use and usefulness were rated low, reporting difficulties in navigation and alignment with their teaching styles. Perceived enjoyment received the lowest rating, mentioning issues such as disconnected content and lack of progressive structure. Qualitative data revealed technical problems, increased workload, and concerns about the system's impact on student motivation and learning outcomes. While some positive aspects were noted, the overall attitude towards the PLLS was predominantly negative, highlighting the need for better alignment with pedagogical goals and improved implementation strategies.
The Growth of Chinese Multinationals
Authors: Peng Mike
Published: July 2024

The growth of Chinese multinationals has become a fascinating component within the larger literature on the growth of firms in and out of emerging economies. Leveraging the latest and most-comprehensive data, Casanova and Miroux’s (2024) research enables us to evaluate the validity of predictions made by Peng and Heath (1996), Rugman and Li (2007), and Peng (2012). Overall, the growth of Chinese multinationals reported by Casanova and Miroux has not supported earlier predictions, but has increasingly supported more recent predictions. Casanova and Miroux’s research therefore has made significant contributions by providing much-needed empirical checks for the claims made by earlier scholars, thus revealing both the strengths and weaknesses of this rapidly evolving literature.
Coleridge in Wolfenbüttel: The Double Portrait of Hans Sachs
Authors: van Woudenberg Maximiliaan
Published: July 2024

Abstract: In 1799 Samuel Taylor Coleridge studied at the University of Göttingen to research German literature for his projected biography of Lessing. On his return journey to England in June 1799, Coleridge visited the Wolfenbüttel library, where he discovered a double portrait of the German Meistersinger Hans Sachs by Andreas Herneisen. Familiar with the afterlives of Sachs’s likeness, Coleridge understood the significance of this obscure portrait and recorded a detailed description in his notebooks. This article engages in a comparative analysis of Coleridge’s note and his studies of the visual-media afterlives of Hans Sachs, showing his scholarly engagement with German literature.
Publishing Vitriol: Rachilde, Léon Bloy, and the Mercure de France
Authors: Craske Helen
Published: July 2024

Abstract: In 1899 the avant-garde writers Rachilde and Léon Bloy both penned critiques of Émile Zola’s Fécondité , which was serialized in L’Aurore at the height of the Dreyfus affair. This article analyses the pair’s vitriolic responses to Zola’s novel, their ideological position against the values it enshrined, and the differing levels of ease with which they were able to publish their opinions. Highlighting Alfred Vallette’s decision to refuse Bloy’s Je m’accuse at the Mercure de France ’s publishing house, it considers the thin but flexible line separating acceptable and unacceptable forms of public discourse at the fin de siècle .
Recent Dantean Perspectives: A Review Article
Authors: Chiaranunt Peerawat
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This article focuses on two monographs and an edited volume of essays on Dante Alighieri, all published in Legenda’s Italian Perspectives series during the years 2021–22. The monographs share a common openness to theory (e.g. cognitive neuroscience, video-game criticism, philosophies of language, and lyric theory), while the volume of essays testifies to a growing international interest in Dante’s cultural afterlives, both in and outside Italy. With this eclectic volume in mind, the article ends by commenting on the ascendancy of Reception Studies as one of the most productive areas of research today in Anglophone (particularly British) Dantism.
Whispering gallery mode based micro-ring resonator for magnetic field sensing
Authors: George Pranav , Saritha A. C. , Ramachandran Ajith
Published: July 2024

This study proposes a whispering gallery mode based micro-ring optical resonator with a simple and integrated structure for magnetic field sensing. The performance of the proposed sensor is studied theoretically with the help of the finite element method. Through an in-depth investigation into the sensitivity and reliability of the proposed sensor, the capability to sense a uniform magnetic field is established. In addition to detecting a uniform magnetic field, the sensor is also capable of estimating the spatial inhomogeneity of the applied magnetic field, provided the presence of such inhomogeneity is already known. Furthermore, it possesses the ability to determine the direction of the applied magnetic field. The results highlight the versatility of the proposed sensor in meeting various magnetic field sensing needs, and we anticipate that such a micro-cavity sensor will have promising applications in highly sensitive optical sensing.
Wide-field OCT angiography for non-human primate retinal imaging
Authors: Wei Xiang , Hormel Tristan T. , Renner Laurie , Neuringer Martha , Jia Yali
Published: July 2024

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a well-established research tool for vision research in animal models capable of providing in vivo imaging of the retina. Structural OCT can be enhanced using OCT angiography (OCTA) processing in order to provide simultaneously acquired, automatically co-registered vascular information. Currently available OCT. Currently available OCTA lack either large field of view or high resolution. In this study we developed a wide-field (60-degree), high-resolution (10.5-µm optical transverse) and high-sensitivity (104-dB) OCTA-enabled system for non-human primate imaging and with it imaged multiple disease models, including models of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS), and the CLN7 variant of Batten disease. We demonstrate clear visualization of features including drusen, ellipsoid zone loss, vascular retinopathy, and retinal thinning in these eyes.
DNN distributed inference offloading scheme based on transfer reinforcement learning in metro optical networks
Authors: Yin Shan , Liu Lihao , Cai Mengru , Chai Yutong , Jiao Yurong , Duan Zheng , Li Yian , Huang Shanguo
Published: July 2024

With the development of 5G and mobile edge computing, deep neural network (DNN) inference can be distributed at the edge to reduce communication overhead and inference time, namely, DNN distributed inference. DNN distributed inference will pose challenges to the resource allocation problem in metro optical networks (MONs). Efficient cooperative allocation of optical communication and computational resources can facilitate high-bandwidth and low-latency applications. However, it also introduces greater complexity to the resource allocation problem. In this study, we propose a joint resource allocation method using high-performance transfer deep reinforcement learning (T-DRL) to maximize network throughput. When the topologies or characteristics of MONs change, T-DRL requires only a small amount of transfer training to re-converge. Considering that the generalizability of conventional methods is inversely related to optimization performance, we develop two deployment schemes (i.e., single-agent and multi-agent) based on the T-DRL method to explore the performance of T-DRL. Simulation results demonstrate that T-DRL greatly reduces the blocking probability and average inference time of DNN inference requests. Besides, the multi-agent scheme can maintain a lower blocking probability of requests in MONs, while the single-agent has a shorter convergence time after network changes.
scBoolSeq: Linking scRNA-seq statistics and Boolean dynamics
Authors: Magaña-López Gustavo , Calzone Laurence , Zinovyev Andrei , Paulevé Loïc
Published: July 2024

Boolean networks are largely employed to model the qualitative dynamics of cell fate processes by describing the change of binary activation states of genes and transcription factors with time. Being able to bridge such qualitative states with quantitative measurements of gene expression in cells, as scRNA-seq, is a cornerstone for data-driven model construction and validation. On one hand, scRNA-seq binarisation is a key step for inferring and validating Boolean models. On the other hand, the generation of synthetic scRNA-seq data from baseline Boolean models provides an important asset to benchmark inference methods. However, linking characteristics of scRNA-seq datasets, including dropout events, with Boolean states is a challenging task.

We present scBoolSeq, a method for the bidirectional linking of scRNA-seq data and Boolean activation state of genes. Given a reference scRNA-seq dataset, scBoolSeq computes statistical criteria to classify the empirical gene pseudocount distributions as either unimodal, bimodal, or zero-inflated, and fit a probabilistic model of dropouts, with gene-dependent parameters. From these learnt distributions, scBoolSeq can perform both binarisation of scRNA-seq datasets, and generate synthetic scRNA-seq datasets from Boolean traces, as issued from Boolean networks, using biased sampling and dropout simulation. We present a case study demonstrating the application of scBoolSeq’s binarisation scheme in data-driven model inference. Furthermore, we compare synthetic scRNA-seq data generated by scBoolSeq with BoolODE’s, data for the same Boolean Network model. The comparison shows that our method better reproduces the statistics of real scRNA-seq datasets, such as the mean-variance and mean-dropout relationships while exhibiting clearly defined trajectories in two-dimensional projections of the data.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and serial missed appointments in general practice
Authors: McQueenie Ross , Ellis David A. , Williamson Andrea , Wilson Philip
Published: July 2024

Missingness’ in health care has recently been flagged as a major challenge due to associations between missing multiple appointments and poor long-term outcomes. Patients with a range of mental health diagnoses, for example, can have difficulties maintaining continuity of care and miss appointments with adverse consequences, including increased mortality. This is especially problematic for those with a diagnosis of ADHD because it is relatively common, with an estimated prevalence of 2–5% of the population. This study therefore aimed to a) establish the prevalence of recorded ADHD b) characterise and compare individuals with and without ADHD in terms of health and social variables, and c) assess whether ADHD was associated with an increased risk of missing scheduled appointments in general practice. Using administrative data from 136 Scottish general practices, patients with at least one GP appointment between September 2013–2016 we identified those with ADHD based on diagnoses and prescribing data. Each case was matched (sex and age) to five randomly selected GP attendees. Groups were compared regarding health, social status and missed appointments. All results were stratified by age <18 or ≥18 years. Among 824,374 GP patients we identified 2,452 with a record of ADHD (0.8% among those <18 years; 0.2% age ≥18 years). ADHD was associated with living in socially deprived areas of Scotland, and multimorbidity was more frequent in adults (p<0.01). Adjusting for the number of total appointments made, ADHD was associated missing GP appointments (<18 years: OR = 1.6, 95%CI = 1.4–1.9; ≥18 years: OR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.7–2.2). Annually 21% in those <18 and 38% of those age ≥18 years missed at least one GP appointment. The prevalence of recorded ADHD in Scottish general practice is low but comparable to other studies using data derived from medical records. More importantly, this is the first study to demonstrate an association between ADHD and missingness in general practice. The findings have important implications for health services concerning the early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD.
Triple-drug therapy with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for the acceleration of lymphatic filariasis elimination in Kenya: Programmatic implementation and results of the first impact assessment
Authors: Njenga Sammy M. , Kanyi Henry , Okoyo Collins , Githinji Edward , Mwatele Cassian , Matendechero Sultani H. , Omondi Wyckliff P. , Gitahi Patrick N. , Owaga Chrispin , Onsongo Joyce K. , Gass Katherine
Published: July 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed the use of triple-drug mass drug administration (MDA) regimen with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole (commonly abbreviated as IDA) to accelerate the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a public health problem in settings where onchocerciasis is not co-endemic. The National Programme for Elimination of LF (NPELF) in Kenya was among the first adopters of the IDA-MDA and two annual rounds were provided in 2018 and 2019 to the residents of Lamu County and Jomvu sub-County in the coast region. This study documented the feasibility of successfully delivering the two rounds of IDA-MDA. An operational research study was undertaken to determine efficient sampling strategies, indicators, and the appropriate population groups that could be used for the monitoring and evaluation of LF programs using IDA-MDA for the elimination of the disease as a public health problem. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted at baseline in 2018 before IDA-MDA and an impact assessment 17 months after the second round of IDA-MDA. The reported epidemiological treatment coverage was at least 80% in all implementation units during each round of IDA-MDA. Blood samples were tested for filarial antigenemia using commercial Filariasis Test Strips (FTS) and any individual found to be positive was tested again at night for the presence of microfilariae in finger prick blood smears using microscopy. The overall prevalence of circulating filarial antigen (CFA) was relatively low at the baseline survey with Jomvu having 1.39% (95% CI: 0.91, 2.11) and Lamu having 0.48% (95% CI: 0.21, 1.13). Significant reduction in CFA prevalence was observed during the impact assessment after the two annual rounds of mass treatment. The overall relative reduction (%) in CFA prevalence following the two rounds of MDA with IDA was significant in both Jomvu (52.45%, Z = -2.46, P < 0.02) and Lamu (52.71%, Z = -1.97, P < 0.05). Heterogeneity, however, was observed in the CFA prevalence reduction between random and purposive clusters, as well as between adult and child populations. The results of the impact assessment survey offered strong evidence that it was safe to stop the IDA-MDA in the two EUs because transmission appears to have been interrupted. It is also important to implement a post-treatment surveillance system which would enable efficient detection of any recrudescence of LF transmission at a sub-evaluation unit level. Our findings show that IDA-MDA may be considered for acceleration of LF elimination in other settings where onchocerciasis is not co-endemic.
Widespread human exposure to ledanteviruses in Uganda: A population study
Authors: Shepherd James G. , Ashraf Shirin , Salazar-Gonzalez Jesus F. , Salazar Maria G. , Downing Robert G. , Bukenya Henry , Jerome Hanna , Mpanga Joseph T. , Davis Chris , Tong Lily , Sreenu Vattipally B. , Atiku Linda A. , Logan Nicola , Kajik Ezekiel , Mukobi Yafesi , Mungujakisa Cyrus , Olowo Michael V. , Tibo Emmanuel , Wunna Fred , Jackson Ireland Hollie , Blunsum Andrew E. , Owolabi Iyanuoluwani , da Silva Filipe Ana , Bwogi Josephine , Willett Brian J. , Lutwama Julius J. , Streicker Daniel G. , Kaleebu Pontiano , Thomson Emma C.
Published: July 2024

Le Dantec virus (LDV), assigned to the species Ledantevirus ledantec, genus Ledantevirus, family Rhabdoviridae has been associated with human disease but has gone undetected since the 1970s. We describe the detection of LDV in a human case of undifferentiated fever in Uganda by metagenomic sequencing and demonstrate a serological response using ELISA and pseudotype neutralisation. By screening 997 individuals sampled in 2016, we show frequent exposure to ledanteviruses with 76% of individuals seropositive in Western Uganda, but lower seroprevalence in other areas. Serological cross-reactivity as measured by pseudotype-based neutralisation was confined to ledanteviruses, indicating population seropositivity may represent either exposure to LDV or related ledanteviruses. We also describe the discovery of a closely related ledantevirus in blood from the synanthropic rodent Mastomys erythroleucus. Ledantevirus infection is common in Uganda but is geographically heterogenous. Further surveys of patients presenting with acute fever are required to determine the contribution of these emerging viruses to febrile illness in Uganda.
Lie to me to lay with me: Females deceive males via terminal investment
Authors: Mendoza-Díaz de León Laura , Cordero-Molina Sagrario , Krams Indikris , Contreras-Garduño Jorge
Published: July 2024

Historically, males have frequently been portrayed as the manipulative and deceptive gender, while females are often seen as adopting a coy and passive role. In this context, it is proposed that males use a terminal investment strategy, misleading females about their true poor condition, while females passively opt to mate with these deceptive males. However, we hypothesize that females in suboptimal condition may also engage in a terminal investment strategy by mimicking or enhancing their attractiveness to match that of females in better conditions. We studied this hypothesis in Tenebrio molitor, by subjecting females to three varying doses of lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli (LPS; 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg ml-1), or three doses of the pro-oxidant Paraquat (PQ; 20, 40 or 80 mM), and subsequently assessing their survival and attractiveness to males. The LPS treatments and 20 mM of PQ had no significant effect on the survival or attractiveness of the females. However, females treated with 40 or 80 mM PQ survived fewer days compared to the control group. Those injected with 40 mM were more attractive than their control counterparts, while those treated with 80 mM were less attractive. Since the identical doses of LPS, which induce terminal investment in males, had no effect on females, we suggest sexual dimorphism in terminal investment. Furthermore, similar to males, if the stressor reaches a sufficiently high level, the signal becomes honest. These findings highlight how the quantity of stressors influences support for the terminal investment strategy in both males and females. Notably, this study challenges prevailing notions regarding gender roles in sexual selection, indicating that females, not just males, conceal their poor condition to attract mating partners.
A randomized cross-over study protocol to evaluate long-term gait training with a pediatric robotic exoskeleton outside the clinical setting in children with movement disorders
Authors: Devine Taylor M. , Alter Katharine E. , Damiano Diane L. , Bulea Thomas C.
Published: July 2024

Individuals with neuromuscular disorders display a combination of motor control deficits and lower limb weakness contributing to knee extension deficiency characterized by exaggerated stance phase knee flexion. There is a lack of evidence for long-term improvement of knee extension deficiency with currently available clinical treatment programs. Our previous work testing a wearable robotic exoskeleton with precisely timed assistive torque applied at the knee showed immediate increases in knee extension during walking for children with cerebral palsy, which continued to improve over an acute practice period. When we applied interleaved assistance and resistance to knee extension, we observed improvements in knee extension and increased muscle activation indicating the potential for muscle strengthening when used over time. There is a need for additional, high-quality trials to assess the impact of dosage, intensity and volume of training necessary to see persistent improvement in lower limb function for these patient populations. This randomized crossover study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05726591) was designed to determine whether 12 weeks of overground gait training with a robotic exoskeleton outside of the clinical setting, following an initial in clinic accommodation period, has a beneficial effect on walking ability, muscle activity and overall motor function. Participants will be randomized to either complete the exoskeleton intervention or continue their standard therapy for 12 weeks first, followed by a crossover to the other study component. The primary outcome measure is change in peak knee extension angle during walking; secondary outcome measures include gait speed, strength, and validated clinical scales of motor function and mobility. Assessments will be completed before and after the intervention and at 6 weeks post-intervention, and safety and compliance will be monitored throughout. We hypothesize that the 12-week exoskeleton intervention outside the clinical setting will show greater improvements in study outcome measures than the standard therapy.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission characteristics of farmland (rice, wheat, and maize) based on different fertilization strategies
Authors: Hou Dingmu , Meng Xuanchen , Qin Mengting , Zheng Ennan , Chen Peng , Meng Fanxiang , Zhang Chao
Published: July 2024

Fertilizer application is the basis for ensuring high yield, high quality and high efficiency of farmland. In order to meet the demand for food with the increasing of population, the application of nitrogen fertilizer will be further increased, which will lead to problems such as N2O emission and nitrogen loss from farmland, it will easily deteriorate the soil and water environment of farmland, and will not conducive to the sustainable development of modern agriculture. However, optimizing fertilizer management is an important way to solve this problem. While, due to the differences in the study conditions (geographical location, environmental conditions, experimental design, etc.), leading to the results obtained in the literatures about the N2O emission with different nitrogen fertilizer application strategies have significant differences, which requiring further comprehensive quantitative analysis. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application strategies (different fertilizer types and fertilizer application rates) on N2O emissions from the fields (rice, wheat and maize) based on the Meta-analysis using 67 published studies (including 1289 comparisons). For the three crops, inorganic fertilizer application significantly increased on-farm N2O emissions by 19.7–101.05% for all three; and organic fertilizer increased N2O emissions by 28.16% and 69.44% in wheat and maize fields, respectively, but the application of organic fertilizer in rice field significantly reduced N2O emissions by 58.1%. The results showed that overall, the application of inorganic fertilizers resulted in higher N2O emissions from farmland compared to the application of organic fertilizers. In addition, in this study, the average annual temperature, annual precipitation, soil type, pH, soil total nitrogen content, soil organic carbon content, and soil bulk weight were used as the main influencing factors of N2O emission under nitrogen fertilizer strategies, and the results of the study can provide a reference for the development of integrated management measures to control greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils.
The effects of five weeks of climbing training, on and off the wall, on climbing specific strength, performance, and training experience in female climbers—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Langer Kaja , Andersen Vidar , Stien Nicolay
Published: July 2024

Recent research has elucidated the effects of strength training on climbing performance. Although local muscular endurance training of the upper-limbs and finger flexors is frequently suggested, there is currently insufficient evidence to support its impact on climbing performance and climbing-specific strength. Furthermore, there is no evidence on climbers’ experiences related to training and the likelihood of consistent engagement. In addition, the effects of more climbing-specific strength training on walls with built in lights and adjustable angles have yet to be examined. The low percentage of studies involving female subjects, additionally, demonstrates a significant gap in understanding the specific effects of strength training on women in the context of climbing. The aim of this study was thus to assess the effects of five-week on-, and off-the-wall climbing training on climbing performance, climbing-specific strength, and training experience. Thirty-one female lower-grade to advanced climbers were randomly assigned to either a control group, an off-the-wall training or an on-the-wall training group. Apart from the training regimen, all groups followed their usual climbing and bouldering routine. Subjects trained at least twice a week. Bouldering performance, and maximum strength and muscular endurance of the finger flexors and upper-limbs were assessed before and after the intervention. Furthermore, rate of perceived exertion and discomfort, exercise enjoyment, and exercise pleasure were assessed during the first and last training session, as well as after two and a half weeks of training. Intrinsic training motivation was assessed after the last training session. The results showed trends towards positive effects of off-the-wall training on climbing-specific strength, and on-the-wall training on climbing technique. Furthermore, our finding revealed high exercise enjoyment and intrinsic training motivation for both on- and off-the-wall training. Hence, lower-grade to advanced female climbers should rely on personal training preferences.
Distinct genetic origins of eumelanin levels and barring patterns in cichlid fishes
Authors: Brandon A. Allyson , Michael Cassia , Carmona Baez Aldo , Moore Emily C. , Ciccotto Patrick J. , Roberts Natalie B. , Roberts Reade B. , Powder Kara E.
Published: July 2024

Pigment patterns are incredibly diverse across vertebrates and are shaped by multiple selective pressures from predator avoidance to mate choice. A common pattern across fishes, but for which we know little about the underlying mechanisms, is repeated melanic vertical bars. To understand the genetic factors that modify the level or pattern of vertical barring, we generated a genetic cross of 322 F2 hybrids between two cichlid species with distinct barring patterns, Aulonocara koningsi and Metriaclima mbenjii. We identify 48 significant quantitative trait loci that underlie a series of seven phenotypes related to the relative pigmentation intensity, and four traits related to patterning of the vertical bars. We find that genomic regions that generate variation in the level of eumelanin produced are largely independent of those that control the spacing of vertical bars. Candidate genes within these intervals include novel genes and those newly-associated with vertical bars, which could affect melanophore survival, fate decisions, pigment biosynthesis, and pigment distribution. Together, this work provides insights into the regulation of pigment diversity, with direct implications for an animal’s fitness and the speciation process.
Comparative evaluation of selected concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on the outcome of endodontic therapy among Ghanaians
Authors: Konadu Akua B. , Ampofo Patrick C. , Akyeh Moses L. , Hewlett Sandra A. , Osei-Tutu Kofi , Nyako Ebenezer A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Endodontic treatment is one of the main dental treatments to manage inflamed or infected root canal systems of teeth. The success of endodontic treatment principally depends on eradicating microorganisms in the root canal by chemo-mechanical debridement with irrigation solutions like sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). NaOCl has been used in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 5.25%. This study determined the antimicrobial effectiveness of selected concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.6%, and 5.2%) of NaOCl in endodontic treatment.

Methods

The study sites were the University of Ghana Dental School (UGDS) and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR). Sixty infected single-rooted single-canal teeth were used. Before (S1) and after (S2), root canal samples during the endodontic treatment with the selected concentrations of NaOCl were examined via anaerobic and aerobic cultures. The isolates were identified using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Results

All S1samples were positive for cultivable bacteria. Fifty-three (53) different microbial species belonging to 20 different microbial genera were isolated.Streptococcus viridanswas the most frequently isolated microbe. There were zero isolates in the root canals irrigated with 2.6% and 5.2% NaOCl. Two teeth had isolates in the groups irrigated with the lower concentrations (0.5% and 1.0%) of NaOCl. The persistent bacteria were one species each ofStreptococcus mitisandStreptococcus oralis, respectively.

Conclusion

Root canal treatments using chemo-mechanical preparation with the selected concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.6%, and 5.2%) of NaOCl were effective in significantly reducing the microbial load, and for the 5.2% and 2.6% concentrations, in eliminating all the microorganisms.
‘I am human’: A Blochian glance at daydreams in Turkish advertising and popular culture
Authors: Gürbüzdal Ufuk
Published: July 2024

This article discusses utopian facets of advertisements and popular cultural products by employing the Blochian formulation of utopia. Grounded in Marx’s theory of alienation, the article asserts that the people encounter numerous socio-economic and emotional deprivations in the capitalist social order. By generating images of an alternative and better future where these deprivations are eliminated, advertisements and popular cultural products achieve a utopian function. Yet this utopian function remains an abstract utopia since it is not equipped with a concrete historical contextualization offered by Marxist dialectic. The discussion is backed by a succinct review of certain video advertisements and pop songs produced by Turkish cultural industries.
Humour, politainment and fandom: A semiotic-narrative analysis of unofficial profiles of Spanish politicians
Authors: Establés María-José , García-Carretero Lucía , Guerrero-Pico Mar
Published: July 2024

In today’s media landscape, concepts like Americanization and professionalization of politics are evolving, driven by technological advancements and social media usage. The internet has transformed political communication, emphasizing emotional appeal and user response, leading to a rise in politainment and celebrity politicians. This shift towards ‘pop politics’ blurs the line between entertainment and information, with virality and humour playing key roles. This study conducts a semiotic-narrative analysis of unofficial social media profiles of Spanish political representatives, examining their language, content, and usage patterns resembling fan communities. Parodic Twitter profiles of prominent figures like Pedro Sánchez, Yolanda Díaz and Isabel Díaz Ayuso, along with Ada Colau's Instagram account, are analyzed. The findings reveal a trend towards employing politainment strategies to engage social media users, fostering emotional connections akin to non-political fan communities.
Konposatu kannabinoideak terapia gehigarri gisa esklerosi anizkoitzaren tratamendurako
Authors: Uribe Irusta Aitziber , Ortega-Álvarez Alba , Baraibar Andrés Mateo , Mato Santos Susana , Bernal Chico Ana
Published: July 2024

Esklerosi anizkoitza (EA) hanturazko gaixotasun kroniko bat da, neuronen eta axoien kalte progresiboa eta desmielinizazioa eragiten dituena. Heldu-gazteen artean desgaitasun neurologikoen arrazoi nagusia da, eta emakumeengan duen prebalentzia handiagoa da. Eritasunak gaixoen bizi-kalitatea nabarmen aldatzen du, desgaitasun sintoma ugari dituelako. Izan ere, egungo tratamenduek hantura murrizten, dute baina ezin dituzte sintomak erabat konpondu, ezta aurrera egitea eragotzi ere. Cannabis sativa landaretik datozen konposatu kannabinoideek efektu terapeutikoak dituzte EA eredu preklinikoetan, eta hainbat hamarkadatan zehar tratamendu potentzial gisa aztertu izan dira ohiko terapien osagarri gisa. Berrikuspen bibliografiko honen helburu nagusia da konposatu kannabinoideek ohiko terapien tratamendu osagarri gisa erabiltzeak onura terapeutikorik ekartzen dien EA duten pazienteei zehaztea. Horretarako, bilaketa bibliografiko bat egin zen PubMed datu-basean, eta 2010-2022 bitartean itsu-bikoitzean egindako saiakuntza klinikoak baino ez ziren hautatu. Saiakuntza horiek EA paziente helduak barne hartu behar zituzten, gehienak emakumeak izanik, eta kannabinoideetan oinarritutako terapien erabilera tratamendu konbentzionalen erabileraren osagarri gisa ohiko terapien erabilera bakarrarekin alderatu behar zuten. Azkenik, iragazteko irizpideak aplikatu ondoren, 12 artikulu aztertu ziren; Δ9-tetrahidrokannabinol (THC) eta kannabidiol (CBD) konposatuen konbinazio ezberdinak erabiltzen zituztenak. Emaitzek erakutsi zuten konposatu kannabinoideak aukera bat izan litezkeela EAren tratamenduan, bizi-kalitatean izan ditzaketen ondorio positiboetan oinarrituta, eta sintomen hobekuntza potentzialean oinarrituta, espastizitatearen gaineko onura argia nabarmenduz. Hala ere, saiakuntza kliniko gehiago behar dira, inklusio-irizpide zehatzagoak/zorrotzagoak dituztenak, eta kannabinoideen formulazio desberdinak eta gaur egun gutxien aztertutako sintomak aztertuko dituztenak.
Efektu kuantikoak nanoplasmonikan
Authors: Babaze Antton
Published: July 2024

Lan honetan, nanopartikula metaliko txikien erantzun plasmonikoan eragina duten fenomeno kuantikoak aztertuko ditugu. Lehenik eta behin, plasmonikaren oinarriak elektromagnetismo klasikoaren ikuspuntutik azalduko ditugu, eta horretarako Maxwell-en ekuazioak, Druderen eredua, eta nanopartikula esferikoetan kitzikatutako plasmoi-erresonantziak deskribatuko ditugu. Bigarrenik, denboraren menpeko dentsitate-funtzionalaren teoria aurkeztuko dugu, elektroien dinamikaren izaera kuantikoa deskribatzeko erabilgarria den teoria. Azkenik, nanopartikula metaliko txikien erantzun plasmonikoan eragin nabarmena duten fenomeno kuantiko nagusiak aztertuko ditugu, hala nola elektroi-dentsitatearen gainazaleko isurpena, gainazalak ahalbidetutako Landau indargetzea, eta elektroien tunel efektua.
Ikaskuntza Kooperatiboaren ekarpenak Euskal Eskolen Ekosistemari inklusioaren norabidean
Authors: Amenabar Perurena Nere , Chueca Uria Amaia
Published: July 2024

Aurkezten dugun lanaren helburua 2009tik aurrera garatu den Ikaskuntza Kooperatiboaren ekarpenak aztertzea da, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko (EAE) Lehen Hezkuntzako ikastetxe publiko bateko kasu azterketa baten bidez; lan hau “Hezkuntza Berrikuntza eta Aniztasuna: Ikaskuntza Kooperatiboaren ekarpena Euskal Eskolen Ekosistemari Lehen Hezkuntzako etapan” EHUko ikerketaren hasierako fasean kokatzen da. Izaera metodologiko kualitatiboa duen ikerketa hau tresnak balioesteko froga pilotua izango da eta bertan elkarrizketa eta focus group-erako gidoien funtzionamendua probatuko da, doikuntzaren bat egin behar den ikusteko. Emaitzek elkarrizketa eta focus group-etik eratorritako datu esanguratsuak biltzen dituzte Ikasteko Kooperatu, Kooperatzen Ikasi Programaren (IK/KI) dimentsio pedagogikoen inguruan eta IK/KIren oinarriak eta metodologiak Euskal Eskolen Ekosistemari egin dioten ekarpena jasotzen da; programak inklusioan eta ikasleen ikaskuntzan egindako ekarpena ere aipatzen da. IK/KIren inguruko kanpo formakuntza eta autoformakuntzaren osagarritasunaren beharra eta ikastetxeko lidergo partekatuaren garrantzia ondorioztatu da; IK/KIren oinarriak (interdependentzia positiboa, partaidetza ekitatiboa, aldibereko elkarreragina, norbanako ardura eta talde ebaluazioa) eta metodologiak (eremuak eta faseak) Euskal Eskolen Ekosistemari egin dioten ekarpena azpimarratu da; ildo beretik, programak ikasleen inklusiorako bultzatu dituen partaidetza eta ikaskuntzen garapena ere ondorioztatu da.
Remarks on quantum mechanics and non-reflexive logic
Authors: Da Costa Newton
Published: July 2024

In this paper we discuss and outline a version of non-relativistic quantum mechanics based on a new non-reflexive logic, where the basic entities (elementary particles) lack identity conditions. Some relationships with quantum field theories are also sketched.
Patients With Cirrhosis Rapidly Review Potentially Abnormal Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance Results Through the Patient Portal
Authors: Louissaint Jeremy , Kyalwazi Beverly , Deng John , Melendez-Torres Jonathan , Turer Robert W. , Hogan Timothy P. , Tapper Elliot B. , Yekkaluri Sruthi , Xie Donglu , Rich Nicole E. , Singal Amit G.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Test results are immediately released to patients through patient portals. We characterized patient and provider time-to-review of liver imaging results.

METHODS:

We identified 401 patients with cirrhosis enrolled in the portal with ≥1 liver imaging. We compared result review times for patients and providers and identified factors associated with rapid review.

RESULTS:

The median time-to-review for patients was shorter than providers (3.7 vs 17.6 hours, P < 0.001), with more than half of results reviewed by patients first. Rapid patient review was inversely associated with older age and Hispanic ethnicity.

DISCUSSION:

Patients rapidly review imaging results through the portal, often before providers.