bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Cytochrome P450 Metabolic Profile of Paclitaxel on Rats using QTOF-MS
Authors: Meng Zhaoyang , Chen Junjun , Xu Lingyan , Xiao Xiao , Zong Ling , Han Yonglong , Jiang Bo
Published: July 2024

Background:

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a key drug used for chemotherapy for various cancers. The hy-droxylation metabolites of paclitaxel are different between humans and rats. Currently, there is little infor-mation available on the metabolic profiles of CYP450 enzymes in rats.

Objective:

This study evaluated the dynamic metabolic profiles of PTX and its metabolites in rats and in vitro.

Methods:

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrome-try (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and LC-MS/MS were applied to qualitative and quantitative analysis of PTX and its metabolites in rats’ liver microsomes and recombinant enzyme CYP3A1/3A2. Ten specific inhibitors [NF (CYP1A1), FFL (CYP1A2), MOP (CYP2A6), OND (CYP2B6), QCT (CYP2C8), SFP (CYP2C9), NKT (CYP2C19), QND (CYP2D6), MPZ (CYP2E1) and KTZ (CYP3A4)] were used to identify the metabolic pathway in vitro.

Results:

Four main hydroxylated metabolites of PTX were identified. Among them, 3'-p-OH PTX and 2-OH PTX were monohydroxylated metabolites identified in rats and liver microsome samples, and 6α-2-di-OH PTX and 6α-5"-di-OH PTX were dihydroxylated metabolites identified in rats. CYP3A recombinant enzyme studies showed that the CYP3A1/3A2 in rat liver microsomes was mainly responsible for metabolizing PTX into 3'-p-OH-PTX and 2-OH-PTX. However, 6α-OH PTX was not detected in rat plasma and liver microsome samples.

Conclusion:

The results indicated that the CYP3A1/3A2 enzyme, metabolizing PTX into 3'-p-OH-PTX and 2-OH-PTX, is responsible for the metabolic of PTX in rats. The CYP2C8 metabolite 6α-OH PTX in humans was not detected in rat plasma in this study, which might account for the interspecies metabolic differences between rats and humans. This study will provide evidence for drug-drug interaction research in rats.
Advances in Understanding and Managing Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathophysiology to Innovative Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Rathee Sunny , Sen Debasis , Pandey Vishal , Jain Sanjay K.
Published: July 2024

:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles, leading to cognitive
and physical decline. Representing the majority of dementia cases, AD poses a significant
burden on healthcare systems globally, with onset typically occurring after the age of 65. While
most cases are sporadic, about 10% exhibit autosomal forms associated with specific gene mutations.
Neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ plaques formed by misfolded tau proteins and Aβ peptides
contribute to neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. Currently, approved drugs, such as
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl D-aspartate receptor agonists, offer only partial
symptomatic relief without altering disease progression. A promising development is using lecanemab,
a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody, as an immune therapeutic approach. Lecanemab
demonstrates selectivity for polymorphic Aβ variants and binds to large soluble Aβ aggregates,
providing a potential avenue for targeted treatment. This shift in understanding the role
of the adaptive immune response in AD pathogenesis opens new possibilities for therapeutic interventions
aiming to address the disease's intricate mechanisms. This review aims to summarize recent
advancements in understanding Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and innovative therapeutic
approaches, providing valuable insights for both researchers and clinicians.
The Importance of Long-term Partner Observation in Cognitive Evaluation: A Very Early Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Patient with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Yuksel Hatice , Bademci Eren Elif , Maldar Baris , Titiz Ayse Pinar
Published: July 2024

Background:

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal degenerative brain disease characterized
by rapidly progressive dementia. Sporadic CJD (sCJD) is the best-known and most common
subtype. Because the disease is uncommon and has highly diverse presenting symptoms, early
diagnosis is challenging. We herein report a case of probable sCJD diagnosed at a very early
stage.

Case Presentation:

A 61-year-old female patient had mild attention and memory problems for a
few months that were noticed by her husband but did not bother her and did not affect her daily
life activities. The first brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at another hospital was normal,
lacking diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Although the newly taken brain MRI without DWI
was normal, the patient's husband brought his patient to our outpatient clinic because he continued
to think that there was a difference in his wife's attention and memory. A neurological examination
of the patient revealed almost normal findings. The neuropsychiatric evaluation of the patient
was consistent with mild cognitive impairment. The patient's electroencephalography taken upon
admission had no characteristic findings for CJD but showed generalized epileptiform activity.
Therefore, the patient was hospitalized, and a second brain MRI, including DWI sequences, was
performed. DWI displayed bilateral asymmetrical typical patterns of restricted diffusion. Cerebrospinal
fluid 14-3-3 was positive, and total-tau was highly elevated. She had a diagnosis of probable
sCJD at an early stage. Later, the patient developed progressive dementia, ataxia, seizures,
and extrapyramidal symptoms, followed by mutism, and died.

Conclusion:

Although there is no cure for CJD today, early diagnosis is essential, mainly because
of its potential infectivity and for future planning. Diagnosing sCJD in its early stages is difficult.
However, taking into account the observations of not only the patient's history but also their longterm
partners in cognitive evaluations will be helpful in making an early and accurate diagnosis.
Recently Adopted Synthetic Protocols for Piperazines: A Review
Authors: Gangwar Mohit , Kumar Rajnish , Yadav Ranjeet Kumar , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Kukreti Neelima , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar , Kapoor Bhupinder
Published: July 2024

Piperazines, a class of heterocyclic compounds, have garnered significant attention in the
field of organic synthesis due to their diverse pharmacological activities and widespread applications
in medicinal chemistry. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements
in the synthesis of piperazines, highlighting innovative methodologies, novel reagents, and green
synthesis approaches adopted by researchers. The synthesis of piperazines has witnessed remarkable
progress, with a focus on developing efficient and sustainable synthetic routes. Various strategies,
such as transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, microwave-assisted synthesis, photo-redox reactions,
and bio-inspired methods, have emerged as powerful tools for constructing piperazine scaffolds. The
review also encompasses discussions on the stereochemistry and regioselectivity issues associated
with piperazine synthesis, shedding light on the intricacies of achieving specific substitution patterns.
The impact of newly synthesized piperazines in drug discovery and development is also explored,
emphasizing the therapeutic potential of these compounds in various disease areas. In conclusion, this
review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the recent advancements in piperazine
synthesis, offering insights into the current state of the field and guiding future research directions.
The integration of innovative methodologies and the exploration of sustainable practices underscore
the ongoing efforts to streamline the synthesis of piperazines, contributing to the expansion of their
applications in medicinal chemistry and related disciplines.
Chemically Synthesized 1,2,3,4,6-Pentakis-O-Galloyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Spike Interaction with Host ACE-2 Receptor
Authors: Ezell Jazmine , Al-Horani Rami A.
Published: July 2024

Background:

In the search for anti-COVID-19 therapy, 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-β-
D-glucopyranoside, a natural polyphenolic compound isolated from many traditional medicinal
herbs, has been reported as an RBD-ACE2 binding inhibitor and as a broad-spectrum anticoronaviral
inhibitor targeting the main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARSCoV-
2. To facilitate the structure-activity relationship studies of 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-β-Dglucopyranoside,
we describe its chemical synthesis and characterization, as well as its activity
towards the SARS-CoV-2 spike interaction with host ACE2 receptor.

Methods:

1,2,3,4,6-Pentakis-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside was synthesized in two quantitative
steps from 3,4,5-tribenzyloxybenzoic acid and β-D-glucopyranoside: DCC-mediated esterification
and palladium-catalyzed per-debenzylation. The synthesized molecule was evaluated using a
SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer (S1 + S2) ACE2 inhibitor screening colorimetric assay kit, SARS-CoV-
2 spike S1 RBD ACE2 inhibitor screening assay kit, and a cellular neutralization assay using the
Spike (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentivirus, ACE2-HEK293 recombinant cell line.

Results:

The chemically synthesized product blocked the binding of the spike trimer of SARSCoV-
2 to the human ACE2 receptor with IC50=22±2 μM. It also blocked ACE2: spike RBD binding
with IC50=27±3 μM. Importantly, it inhibited the infectivity of SARS2-CoV2-Spike pseudotyped
lentivirus on the ACE2 HEK293 cell line with IC50=20±2 μM.

Conclusion:

Overall, the chemically synthesized 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
represents a lead molecule to develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies that block the initial stage of the
viral infection by blocking the virus entry to the host cell.
Research Progress in Essential Oil Nanodelivery Systems
Authors: Wang Shangdian , Zhou Zhiwei , Yang Songhong , Guo Zilu , Le Ting , Wu Jun , Guan Zhiyu , Liu Wenjun , Wu Wenting
Published: July 2024

Essential Oil (EO) is widely usedin medicine because of its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties. However, the hydrophobicity, volatility, instability, and potential toxicity of EO make it difficult to achieve efficient delivery in vivo, which limits its application. In recent years, nano drug delivery systems have been
gradually applied to encapsulate EO to improve their physical and chemical properties. In order
to further improve the delivery efficiency of EOs, this review summarized the commonly used
nano delivery systems for EOs, analyzed their preparation principles, and listed the factors affecting the delivery efficiency of essential oils. Moreover, the challenges faced by the EO delivery system are sorted out, and the corresponding solutions are proposed, with the hope of indicating the development direction for expanding the application of the nano drug delivery system
in EO.
The Role of Serine Protease 8 in Mediating Gefitinib Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gao Hai-Jing , Geng Xue-Li , Wang Ling-Ling , Zhao Chun-Nan , Liang Zong-Ying , Xing En-Hong
Published: July 2024

Objective:

This investigation aims to explore the expression levels of serine protease 8 (PRSS8) in
gefitinib-resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (PC9/GR) and elucidate its mechanism of
action.

Methods:

We measured PRSS8 expression in gefitinib-resistant (PC9/GR) and sensitive (PC9) NSCLC cell lines
using Western blot analysis. PRSS8-specific small interfering RNA (PRSS8-siRNA), a recombinant plasmid, and
a corresponding blank control were transfected into PC9/GR cells. Subsequently, Western blot analyses were
conducted to assess the expression levels of PRSS8, phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), AKT, phosphorylated mTOR
(p-mTOR), mTOR, and various apoptosis-related proteins within each group. Additionally, a cell proliferation
assay utilizing Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) was performed on each group treated with gefitinib.

Results:

PRSS8 expression was markedly higher in PC9/GR cells compared to PC9 cells (p < 0.05). The group
treated with PRSS8-siRNA exhibited significantly reduced protein expression levels of PRSS8, p-AKT, p-mTOR,
β-catenin, and BCL-2 compared to the control siRNA (Con-siRNA) group, whereas expressions of Caspase9 and
Bax were significantly increased. In the untransfected PC9/GR cells, protein expressions of PRSS8, p-AKT, pmTOR,
and BCL-2 were significantly elevated when compared with the plasmid-transfected group, which also
showed a significant reduction in Bax expression. The proliferative activity of the PRSS8-siRNA group postgefitinib
treatment was significantly diminished at 24, 48, and 72 hours in comparison to the Con-siRNA group.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that PRSS8 contributes to the acquisition of resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC,
potentially through regulation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
A Healthcare System Employing Lightweight CNN for Disease Prediction with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Singh Mukund Pratap , Singh Jagendra , Ravi Vinayakumar , Gupta Amar deep , Alahmadi Tahani Jaser , Shivahare Basu Dev , Diwakar Manoj , Tayal Mahima , Singh Prabhishek
Published: July 2024

Introduction/Background

This research introduces the EO-optimized Lightweight Automatic Modulation Classification Network (EO-LWAMCNet) model, employing AI and sensor data for forecasting chronic illnesses within the Internet of Things framework. A transformative tool in remote healthcare monitoring, it exemplifies AI's potential to revolutionize patient experiences and outcomes.

This study unveils a novel Healthcare System integrating a Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for swift disease prediction through Artificial Intelligence. Leveraging the efficiency of lightweight CNN, the model holds promise for revolutionizing early diagnosis and enhancing overall patient care. By merging advanced AI techniques, this healthcare model holds the potential for revolutionizing early diagnosis and improving overall patient care.

Materials and Methods

The Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is implemented to analyze sensor data in real-time within an Internet of Things (IoT) framework. The methodology also involves the integration of the EO-LWAMCNet model into a cloud-based IoT ecosystem, demonstrating its potential for reshaping remote healthcare monitoring and expanding access to high-quality care beyond conventional medical settings.

Results

Utilizing the Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) and Brain Disease (BD) datasets, the algorithm achieved remarkable accuracy rates of 94.8% and 95%, respectively, showcasing the robustness of the model as a reliable clinical tool.

Discussion

These outcomes affirm the model's reliability as a robust clinical tool, particularly crucial for diseases benefiting from early detection. The potential transformative impact on healthcare is emphasized through the model's integration into a cloud-based IoT ecosystem, suggesting a paradigm shift in remote healthcare monitoring beyond traditional medical confines.

Conclusion

Our proposed model presents a cutting-edge solution with remarkable accuracy in forecasting chronic illnesses. The potential revolutionization of remote healthcare through the model's integration into a cloud-based IoT ecosystem underscores its innovative impact on enhancing patient experiences and healthcare outcomes.
Intelligent Routing Approaches Based on Ant Colony Optimization for
Dynamic Internet of Things Network
Authors: Sharma Anukriti , Sharma Sharad , Gupta Dushyant , Kashyap Neeru , Kumar Rajeev , Kumar Sunil
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

This paper introduces two meta-heuristic approaches utilizing Swarm
Intelligence and ant colony optimization techniques. The strategy comprises applying smart routing technology to optimize a dynamic IoT network computed path.

Method:

The issue of route selection to achieve the target and critical factors such as network energy, left energy in each gadget, run out IoT nodes count has been explored. After rigorous iterations extending up to 1000, the simulation has yielded results for two distinctive routing approaches. The ABED (ACO- Breadth first search- Euclidean- Dynamic) and the ADED (ACODijkstra algorithm -Euclidean- Dynamic) have simulated and compared their network efficiencies
using MATLAB.

Results:

At node 200, ABED exhibits a performance advantage over ADED of 1.6%. This efficiency differential between ABED and ADED expands to 2.9% at 300 nodes and further to 2.6%
at 400 nodes. Furthermore, ABED showcases superior network stability in routing techniques
compared to ADED. Specifically, ABED's routing technique achieves a more consistent network
compared to ADED.

Conclusion:

In networks comprising 500 nodes, ABED surpasses ADED by 13.33% in the context of HND (Half Node Dead) and by 6.7% in the case of LND (Last Node Dead).
Emotional and Cognitive Development in Adolescents
Authors: Kumar Sowmya , Nath Athira R. , Shubha  , Anand Santosh
Published: July 2024

The development of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying higher
cognitive capabilities and social and emotional behavior occurs most rapidly during
adolescence. However, emotions are intricate phenomena made up of several subprocesses. In this article, we make the case that looking at emotional and cognitive
development from a process-level approach enables crucial insights into the
mechanisms underlying teenagers' fluctuating moods and increased risk of
psychosocial changes. Adolescence is also a time when emotional capacity changes,
including enhancements in affective modulation and emotional cue discrimination.
According to functional imaging studies utilizing cognitive and affective difficulties,
frontal cortical networks go through developmental changes in processing. The
complex paths that intersect in a unique way during adolescence are revealed by
comparing the developmental progressions for the physiological sensitivity to emotion,
emotional regulation ability, and motivation to experience particular affective states.
We analyze how these overlapping trajectories may affect both positive outcomes, such
as adolescent social relationships, and negative consequences, including psychosocial
behavioral changes.
Irregular Sleeping Patterns in Adolescents
Authors: Saeed Humaira , Dwivedi Medha , Singh Sushmita , Nandy Abhishek , Dwivedi Manish
Published: July 2024

Sleep plays a critical role in sustaining health and well-being in teenagers
and young adults, and this link is increasingly studied. Many young patients who visit
doctors have problems or diseases that are related to sleep deprivation. Due to the
accelerated brain development that occurs throughout adolescence, sleep may be
especially crucial during this time. Pre-adolescents and teenagers have different
average sleep durations, but for both age groups, 9 hours seems to be the ideal amount
of sleep. However, evidence indicates that teenagers frequently do not get enough
sleep, particularly during the week when school is in session. Sleep has a variety of
purposes, such as fostering cognitive, physical, and immune development. Studies have
also shown a link between insufficient sleep and adult cardiac disease. Teenagers and
young adults are becoming more aware of its importance, especially in light of our
culture's constant connectedness and media consumption. This chapter focuses on the
irregular sleeping patterns among teenagers, the risks they promote and the different
ways to cure such problems.
Obesity in Adolescents-Causes and Consequences
Authors: Singh Devendra , Verma Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2024

In today's world, epidemic levels of kid obesity may be seen in both
industrialized nations and poor countries. It is common knowledge that excessive
weight gain and obesity in children have a detrimental effect on physical health as well
as mental health. Children who are overweight at a younger age are at a greater risk of
emerging non-communicable illnesses, such as cardiovascular and diabetes conditions,
including a greater possibility that they remain overweight when they reach adulthood.
It is believed that obesity is a disorder that may be caused by various different reasons;
however, the process of obesity is not completely understood. The increasing
prevalence of obesity around the globe may be attributed in large part to environmental
factors, the decisions that people make about their lifestyles and the cultural contexts in
which they live. It is generally believed that an increase in the amount of calories and
fat that one consumes is the main reason for obesity and overweight. Alternatively,
several facts show that factors influencing the worldwide increase in obesity rates
include extreme sugar intake in soft drinks and a continual reduction in physical
movement. Children’s obesity may have detrimental effects on a child's physical
health, along with their emotional and social health, as well as their sense of self-worth.
There is a connection between this and a child's poor scholastic progress as well as
their worse quality of life. In addition to juvenile obesity, a number of co-morbid
diseases are also prevalent in children. These co-morbid illnesses include hepatic,
metabolic, orthopedic, pulmonary, neurological, renal, and cardiovascular disorders.
Other co-morbid illnesses include diabetes and asthma.
Consumption of Drugs and Substances of Abuse among Adolescents: Risk and Reasons
Authors: Srivastava Shipra , Agrawal Shreya , Nandy Abhishek , Singh Aditi , Kostova Irena
Published: July 2024

Adolescence is a crucial period of biological, psychological, and social
development; hence, it is at higher risk of drug use and its negative effects.
Adolescence is a crucial developmental stage that involves important behavioral,
emotional, social, and cognitive changes. Teenagers may be predisposed to begin drug
use, develop substance use disorders, and experience potentially substantial and
permanent substance-related negative outcomes due to the neurobiological changes
underpinning these intricate developmental processes. This chapter includes the study
of recent research on this complicated subject, which aims to guide clinical care and
research on teenagers. This chapter is about how addiction to drugs and substances of
abuse is spreading among the youth and has become a serious problem. The chapter
includes all the harmful effects of this practice among youth and how this habit is
disturbing the young minds of our country with its bad impact on the thinking and
decision-making power of youth, especially in the people taking drugs regularly. Types
of substances of abuse and drugs, along with the ways by which they are taken by
individuals, are also discussed in this chapter. Diseases associated with it and the
neurological disturbance created by such drugs in individuals who are habitual of
taking them are also reviewed and mentioned in this chapter in detail. Further, this
chapter includes the law and order followed in our country regarding drugs and
substances of abuse. Since addiction to the substance is a major problem, it is very
important to get rid of this habit; for this, some ways are being used. Adolescent
substance use is diverse, ranging from pathological to normal, and it can cause severe
short- and long-term illnesses and even mortality. Adolescent drug use issues must be
addressed by comprehending risk and resilience factors, underlying neurobiology, and
the best developmentally sensitive therapies.
Pollution and Youth Health
Authors: Bhattacharjee Shreetama , Singh Yashvardhan , Singh Aditi
Published: July 2024

Adolescents and children have been deemed more vulnerable to the impacts
of air pollution than adults. Every day, almost 93% of the world's children and
adolescents breathe dirty air, putting their health and development in danger. It
demonstrates that pregnant women exposed to polluted air are more likely to give birth
prematurely and have small, low-birth-weight babies. Air pollution has an impact on
neurodevelopment and cognitive aptitude, as well as the risk of developing asthma and
pediatric cancer. Children who have been exposed to high levels of air pollution may
have a higher chance of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease
later in life. One reason children are especially exposed to the impacts of air pollution
is that they breathe faster than adults and thus absorb more toxins. They also reside
closer to the ground, where some contaminants reach peak concentrations, during a
period when their brains and bodies are still growing.
Numerous studies have revealed that air pollution has a negative impact on adolescents'
health, with a particular emphasis on physical disorders, such as respiratory ailments.
Furthermore, a few studies have found that kids who are exposed to poor air quality
suffer from increased fatigue and mental issues both during and after the exposure.Air pollution is a global health concern that has major public health consequences,
especially for youth. In addition to short-term impacts, early exposure to criterion air
pollutants may be related to low birth weight, increased oxidative stress, and
endothelial dysfunction, all of which may have long-term consequences for chronic
noncommunicable diseases. Given the emerging epidemic of chronic disease in lowand middle-income countries, as well as the vicious cycle of rapid urbanization and
rising levels of air pollution, public health, and regulatory policies to protect air quality
should be integrated into the primary healthcare system's main priorities and health
professionals' educational curricula.
Seres enredados: una reflexión sobre la creación de montajes de arte con materiales de desecho
Authors: Fitzgerald Oonagh E.
Published: July 2024

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la realización de obras de arte visual con materiales de desecho cotidianos encontrados en los montones de basura del Antropoceno cyborg posmoderno. Mi reflexión, formada por exploraciones materiales anteriores sobre la creación de ensamblajes a partir de materiales desechados o en descomposición, se centra en el desafío de hacer un ensamblaje artístico semipermanente titulado Amazonia, Goddess of Waste. Las metodologías que seguí para esta reflexión son la autoetnografía y la creación de arte interdisciplinario/investigación del derecho internacional. Mi perspectiva ha sido influenciada por movimientos artísticos como el nuevo materialismo, el posmodernismo y el poshumanismo. Las meditaciones que incluí en este documento –relacionadas con el fracaso del derecho internacional para proteger los derechos humanos y el medio ambiente y las oportunidades y desafíos de la creación artística en tiempos de crisis ambiental– fueron producidas mientras luchaba con la materialidad de la paradójica fragilidad de Amazonia.
گرفتی ژماره‌ (Dyscalculia) لای قوتابیانی بازنه‌ی یه‌كه‌م له‌ قوتابخانه‌ بنه‌ڕه‌تیه‌كانی شاری چه‌مچه‌ماڵ
Authors: Mohammed Mrywan Abdulmajeed , Ali Suzan Mahmuod , Hoshiar Payam , Sardar Gashbin
Published: July 2024

ئامانجی ئەم توێژینەوەیە بۆ لێکۆڵینەوەیه‌ لە دیسكالكولیا  له‌ نێوان خوێندکارانی بازنه‌ی یەکەم لە قوتابخانە سەرەتاییەکاندا لە ڕووی ڕەگەز، ته‌مه‌ن، و پۆل و قوتابخانەوه‌. كێشه‌ی ژماره‌ یان دیسکالکولیا تێکچوونێکی تایبەتی فێربوونه‌و بەربەستێکە لە بیرکاریدا،ئه‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌ قوتابیانی بازنه‌ی یه‌كه‌می‌ ‌ پۆلەکانی یەکەم و دووەم و سێیەم لەخۆ دەگرێت له‌ پارێزگای سلێمانی. دیارترین نیشانه‌كانی كێشه‌ی ژماره‌: به‌ زەحمەتی تێگەیشتن لە وشەکانی "لێكدان"، "کۆکردنەوە"، کێشە لە ژماردن، حەز نەکردن بە ژمێریاری و خەمڵاندن و هەستکردنێکی زۆر خراپ لە چەمک و یاسا و شیكاری‌ بیرکاری له‌ خۆده‌گرێت، هه‌روه‌ها گرنگترین ئه‌و تیۆریانه‌ی له‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌دا خراونه‌ته‌ڕوو ئه‌مانه‌ن: تیۆری بوونیادنانی مەعریفی بیاجه‌، تیۆری گەشەپێدانی مەعریفی، مۆدێلی سێ کۆد و مۆدێلی سیستەمی پرۆسێسی ژمارە كه‌ هه‌موو ئه‌م تیۆریانه‌ یارمه‌تی باش تێگه‌یشتنی ئێمه‌ ده‌ده‌ن تا زیاتر له‌ كێشه‌ی ژماره‌ تێبگه‌ین. جگه‌ له‌مه‌ش توێژینه‌وه‌كانی پێشوو ئه‌وه‌ ده‌خه‌نه‌ڕوو كه‌ هه‌ندێك هۆكاری ژینگه‌یی و كۆمه‌ڵایه‌تی و ده‌ررونی و په‌روه‌رده‌یی و بۆماوه‌یی ده‌بنه‌ هۆی ئه‌م دیارده‌یه‌. توێژه‌‌ران ‌ سوودیان له‌ ڕاپرسی پێشوه‌خته‌ بینیوه‌و وه‌ریانگێراوه بۆ زمانی كوردی كه‌ له (‌22) بڕگه‌ پێك هاتووه‌، هه‌رورها دوای وه‌رگرتنی بۆچوونی شاره‌زایان، (102) قوتابی له‌ دیدی مامۆستایه‌نه‌وه‌ وه‌رگیراوه‌. به‌ سوود بینین له‌ پرۆسه‌ی ئاماری (SPSS- 26) شیكاری داتاكان كراون. ده‌رئه‌نجام:  ئه‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌ ڕاستگۆیی و جێگیری زۆرباشی  هه‌یه‌، وه‌ ئه‌وه‌  خراوه‌ته‌ڕوو كه‌ ڕێژه‌ی كێشه‌ی ژماره‌ له‌ نێو كچاندا زیاتره‌ وه‌ك له‌ كوڕان و له‌ قوتابخانه‌ حكومیه‌كاندا به‌ تایبه‌ت له‌ نێو قوتابیانی پۆلی دووه‌م زیاتر بڵاوه وه‌ك له‌ قوتابخانه‌ ئه‌هلیه‌كان‌. بۆیه‌ له‌ ئه‌نجامی هه‌ندێك كه‌م و كورتی ئه‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌، توێژه‌ران هه‌ندێك پێشنیاریان بۆ توێژینه‌وه‌كان داهاتوو خستۆته‌ڕوو له‌ گرنگترینیان: ته‌نها پشت به‌ دیدی مامۆستا نه‌به‌سترێت، به‌ڵكوئه‌نجامدانی تێست و پێوانه‌كردنی زیاتر ڕووبه‌ڕوو له‌گه‌ڵ له‌ قوتابیاندا گرنگه‌ بۆ زانینی گرفتی ژماره‌ لای قوتابیان به‌ شێوه‌یه‌كی وردتر و  به‌ده‌ستهێنانی ئه‌نجامی باشتر.
Survey on Pain Detection Using Machine Learning Models: Narrative Review
Authors: Fang Ruijie , Hosseini Elahe , Zhang Ruoyu , Fang Chongzhou , Rafatirad Setareh , Homayoun Houman
Published: July 2024

Background

Pain, a leading reason people seek medical care, has become a social issue. Automated pain assessment has seen notable advancements over recent decades, addressing a critical need in both clinical and everyday settings.

Objective

The objective of this survey was to provide a comprehensive overview of pain and its mechanisms, to explore existing research on automated pain recognition modalities, and to identify key challenges and future directions in this field.

Methods

A literature review was conducted, analyzing studies focused on various modalities for automated pain recognition. The modalities reviewed include facial expressions, physiological signals, audio cues, and pupil dilation, with a focus on their efficacy and application in pain assessment.

Results

The survey found that each modality offers unique contributions to automated pain recognition, with facial expressions and physiological signals showing particular promise. However, the reliability and accuracy of these modalities vary, often depending on factors such as individual variability and environmental conditions.

Conclusions

While automated pain recognition has progressed considerably, challenges remain in achieving consistent accuracy across diverse populations and contexts. Future research directions are suggested to address these challenges, enhancing the reliability and applicability of automated pain assessment in clinical practice.
Chinese Health Insurance in the Digital Era: Bibliometric Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hu Zhiyuan , Qin Xiaoping , Chen Kaiyan , Huang Yu-Ni , Wang Richard Szewei , Tung Tao-Hsin , Chuang Yen-Ching , Wang Bing-Long
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

China has entered the era of digital health care after years of reforms in the health care system. The use of digital technologies in healthcare services is rapidly increasing, indicating the onset of a new period. The reform of health insurance has also entered a new phase.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the evolution of health care insurance within the context of telemedicine and Internet Plus Healthcare (IPHC) during the digital health care era by using scientometric methods to analyze publication patterns, influential keywords, and research hot spots. It seeks to understand how health care insurance has adapted to the growing integration of IPHC and telemedicine in health care services and the implications for policy and practice.

METHODS

A total of 411 high-quality studies were curated from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database in the Chinese language, scientometric analysis was conducted, and VOSviewer software was used to conduct a visualized analysis of keywords and hot spots in the literature.

RESULTS

The number of articles in this field has increased notably from 2000 to 2022 and has increased annually based on a curve of y=0.332exp (0.4002x) with R2=0.6788. In total, 62 institutions and 811 authors have published research articles in the Chinese language in this field. This study included 290 keywords and formulated a total of 5 hot-topic clusters of “telemedicine,” “IPHC,” “internet hospital,” “health insurance payments,” and “health insurance system.”

CONCLUSIONS

Studies on the application of digital technologies in health care insurance has evolved from foundational studies to a broader scope. The emergence of internet hospitals has showcased the potential for integrating IPHC services into insurance payment systems. However, this development also highlights the necessity for enhanced interregional coordination mechanisms. The reform of health insurance payment is contingent upon ongoing advancements in digital technology and increased investment in electronic medical records and primary health care services. Future efforts should focus on integrating technology with administrative systems, advancing mobile health care solutions, and ensuring interoperability among various payment systems to improve efficiency and standardize health care services.
Benchmarking State-of-the-Art Large Language Models for Migraine Patient Education: Performance Comparison of Responses to Common Queries (Preprint)
Authors: Li Linger , Li Pengfei , Wang Kun , Zhang Liang , Ji Hongwei , Zhao Hongqin
Published: July 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

This study assessed the potential of large language models (OpenAI’s ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0, Google Bard, Meta Llama2, and Anthropic Claude2) in addressing 30 common migraine-related queries, providing a foundation to advance artificial intelligence–assisted patient education and insights for a holistic approach to migraine management.
A study on deg-centric graphs
Authors: Thalavayalil Timmy Tomy , Kok Johan , Naduvath Sudev
Published: July 2024

The deg-centric graph of a simple, connected graph G, denoted by Gd, is a graph constructed from G such that, V(Gd) = V(G) and E(Gd) = {vivj: dG(vi,vj) ≤ degG(vi)}. In this paper, the concepts of deg-centric graphs and iterated deg-centrication of a graph are introduced and discussed.
Distribution of nonindigenous Basket clams (Corbicula spp.) in Mexico
Authors: Tiemann Jeremy , Cummings Kevin S. , Barba-Macías Everardo , Randklev Charles R.
Published: July 2024

Corbicula spp. are one of the most prolific aquatic invasive species in the world and can have negative effects on aquatic ecosystems. We performed qualitative field surveys, examined literature accounts and natural history museum holdings, and accessed citizen science data sources to document the distribution of Corbicula in Mexico and shared drainages. Through 26 publications (N = 127 records), 312 museum holdings, and 446 iNaturalist records, we documented 885 records pertaining to Corbicula in Mexico and shared drainages with the USA. The first record of the species in Mexico was in 1969, and it has since been reported from 26 of the 32 Mexican states and most of the major river basins throughout the country. However, we suggest Corbicula are more prevalent in Mexico than we report in this work as it is often under sampled or under reported.
Leaf gall diversity in the neotropical plant Coccoloba barbadensis (Polygonaceae) and its associated insect species richness
Authors: Rodríguez-Cifuentes Angélica , Jasso-Martínez Jovana M. , Salinas-Ramos Valeria B. , Martínez Juan José , Zaldívar-Riverón Alejandro
Published: July 2024

Galls are an abnormal growth of plant tissue in response to the presence generally of an inducing insect, which ensures food and protection during specific periods of its life. Besides gall formers, a vast community of arthropods are associated with galls, including inquilines and parasitoids. Few studies have assessed the gall diversity and its associated insect community in Neotropical vascular plants. Here, we characterised the leaf gall diversity of Coccoloba barbadensis Jacq. (Polygonaceae) in a Mexican tropical dry forest, as well as their associated entomofauna based on morphology and DNA barcoding. Five different gall morphotypes were observed during both dry (April-June) and rainy (November) seasons. A total of 34 and 38 species of Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera were delimited with the 2% divergence criterion and the GMYC model, respectively. Based on our rearing observations and literature, Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) species might induce all leaf gall morphotypes, whereas hymenopterans are represented by parasitoid and probably inquiline species of the families Braconidae, Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, Platygastridae and Torymidae. Our results highlight the importance of performing integrative species delineation studies of arthropods present in galls to have an accurate knowledge of their diversity and trophic interactions.
Gangs and the Culture of Violence in El Salvador (What role did the US play?)
Authors: Roumie Norma
Published: July 2024

Gang violence in El Salvador has resulted in conditions that have perpetuated an environment of terror and culture of violence. This paper aims to understand the emergence of transnational gangs in El Salvador and the US involvement in this process. The article is divided into the following subtitles; 1980s civil war and the repercussions of US involvement, Salvadorans migration to the US and reverse migration (with a focus on Los Angeles and San Salvador), and US exportation of heavy-handed policies to El Salvador’s institutionalized use of political violence. The paper concludes that US involvement in El Salvador created a foundation for a culture of violence and through interlinked factors US influence and actions instigated circumstances for gang proliferated in El Salvador.
Creep Coefficient for Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC)
Authors: SADIKU Hajdar , KAMBERI Mazllum , NAFEZI Gazmend
Published: July 2024

With the development of construction technology, self-compacting concrete hasstarted to be widely used in the construction of buildings. The specific properties of selfcompacting concrete have made it particularly useful for concreting the structuralelements of high-rise buildings. The strains characteristics of concrete are important toknow both in the initial stage of concreting and in the long process, in order to takemeasures to minimize their impact on cracking and reduction of structure elements.In this regard we have conducted an experiment to investigate shrinkage strains andcreep strains in reinforced concrete beams as well as the determination of the creepcoefficient. Given that the shrinkage and creep strains are together, it is necessary toseparate the creep strains from the shrinkage strains to determine the creep coefficient.For the realization of this separation, we have prepared the same samples which havebeen used for the determination of shrinkage strains and samples which have beeninserted into the mechanisms for the realization of adequate force for thedetermination of the creep strains.
SAMPAH PLASTIK POLYETHYLENE ETILENE TEREPHALATE DAN LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF DAN PAVING BLOCK
Authors: Rahmi Rahmi , Marlinda Lenny , Permana Edwin , Heriyanti Heriyanti , Zahar Wahyudi
Published: July 2024

Perumahan Griya Indah Blok D No.344 Kel.Penyengat Rendah Kec.Telanaipura merupakan lokasi yang berdekatan dengan pasar rakyat. Semakin tingginya aktivitas masyarakat di pasar dan sekitarnya menyebabkan semakin tinggi pula jumlah sampah yang dihasilkan. Sampah itu sendiri tergolong ke dalam dua jenis yaitu sampah yang dapat diuraikan dan sampah yang tidak dapat diuraikan. Jenis sampah yang tidak dapat diuraikan ini seperti sampah plastik dari botol air minuman dan plastik kemasan pembungkus makanan. Sampah plastik tidak termasuk jenis sampah yang berbahaya, namun apabila dibiarkan secara terus-menerus maka akan menumpuk dan menjadi limbah padatan. Sementara masyarakat sekitar belum memiliki pengetahuan dalam penanganan dan pengolahan sampah plastik yang baik.Tim Pengabdian masyarakat memberikan sebuah solusi penanganan sampah plastik yakni dengan metode pirolisis. Metode ini mampu mengubah sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar cair dan hasil sampingnya dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pembuatan paving block. Kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat menjawab permasalahan lingkungan yang ada di masyarakat dan hasil yang diperoleh berupa produk dan menambah nilai jual bagi masyarakat.
The impact of independent directors and family control on the dividend policy and capital structure: A family business strategy
Authors: Laksana Rio Dhani , Shaferi Intan , Naznii Humaira
Published: July 2024

The goal of this research is to determine how independent boards and family company controls affect capital structure and dividend policy. The nature of the independent board moderating variable on the impact of family company control on dividend and capital structure policies is also examined in this study. Twenty-six firms that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2018 and 2022 are used in this study’s panel data. The findings indicate that although independent boards have a major positive influence on dividend policy and a negative impact on capital structure, family company control has a considerable negative impact on dividend policy. The independent board’s moderating effect can change how negatively the family firm controls the dividend policy. However, the independent variable board has a significant detrimental impact on the capital structure and moderates the impact of family company control. The dividend payout ratio is significantly positively impacted by firm size and growth potential. Long-term debt decreases as independent board representation increases in family-controlled businesses. The conclusions of this study, it only looks at how family control and independent commissioners affect capital structure and dividend policy; it ignores how different industries operate. It is probable that variations in capital structure and dividend policy among industries. The quantity of dividends and long term debt in the capital structure may therefore be calculated with the addition of industry categorization factors from future research.
Peranan Masyarakat Kartasura dalam Menjaga Keututuhan Bekas Keraton Kartasura Tahun 1998-2022
Authors: Putra Dandy Efrida , Ningtyas Wanda Putri
Published: July 2024

Keraton Kartasura merupakan bekas keraton dan ibu kota Kerajaan Mataram Islam pada tahun 1680-1745, setelah Keraton Plered. Bekas Keraton Kartasura sekarang terletak di wilayah asministratif Kabupaten Sukoharjo, di daerah yang kini disebut Kecamatan Kartasura. Di Kecamatan Kartasura ada 10 desa dan 2 kelurahan, dengan Desa Pucangan sebagai desa terbesar di kecamatan tersebut. Penelitian ini akan membahas peranan masyarakat Kecamatan Kartasura dalam menjaga keutuhan bekas Keraton Kartasura pada tahun 1998-2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja peran-peran masyarakat Kecamatan Kartasura dalam menjaga keutuhan bekas Keraton Kartasura dalam kurun waktu tahun 1998-2022. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penilitian ini adalah dengan metode penelitian sejarah. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan beberapa masyarakat sekitar lingkungan keraton dan sedikit mengutip beberapa artikel yang masih berkaitan dengan judul penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran masyarakat Kartasura dalam menjaga keutuhan bekas keraton bermacam-macam, mulai dari membersihkan masjid keraton, membersihkan rumput yang menempel di sekitar benteng, ikut melaksanakan shalat berjamaah di masjid bekas keraton, dan mengikuti kegiatan-kegiatan yang diselenggarakan pihak keraton dan takmir masjid.
Kata Kunci: Kartasura; Keraton; Keutuhan; Masyarakat; Peranan.
Tradisi Jembaran: Analisis Teori Fungsional Malinowski Dalam Tradisi Santri Al Falah Kebumen di Bulan Muharram
Authors: Mokhammad Fadhil Musyafa  , Ahmad Arif Kurniawan
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang sebuah tradisi jembaran di kalangan santri Pondok Pesantren Al Falah Kebumen. Dalam menguraikan pembahasan ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif-analitis. Penelitian ini di dukung oleh teori fungsional Malinowski sebagai pisau analitisnya. Melalui studi pustaka (library research) dan wawancara, penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa poin pembahasan. Pertama, mengenai hakikat pondok pesantren yang merupakan bagian kecil dari miniatur kehidupan masyarakat yang mampu menciptakan suatu tradisi. Kedua, memberikan penegasan mengenai tradisi Islam yang merupakan hasil olah pikiran sekelompok orang yang mumpuni terhadap keagamaannya, dan bukan merupakan hasil ciptaan Tuhan. Ketiga, memberikan alur historis kemunculan tradisi jembaran. Keempat, analisa teori fungsional Malinowski dalam tradisi jembaran. Adapun kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini ialah penegasan bahwa tradisi jembaran lahir sebagai perwujudan rasa syukur mereka (santri) terhadap segala nikmat yang diberikan oleh Allah SWT. Tidak hanya itu, tradisi jembaran ini juga memiliki fungsi untuk meningkatkan kereligiusan santri. Adapun fungsi yang dimaksudkan disini diantaranya adalah sebagai sarana untuk menambah keimanan dan ketakwaan, sarana berjiwa sosial, dan bersyukur.
Kata Kunci : fungsi, jembaran, pondok pesantren, tradisi.
Simbolisasi Wanita Jawa Utama dari Perspektif Pakubuwono X: Tinjauan Kritis pada Serat Wulang Reh Putri
Authors: Setyawan Bagus Wahyu
Published: July 2024

Serat merupakan salah satu karya sastra Jawa yang memuat ajaran dan nilai adiluhung. Salah satu serat yang memuat tentang ajaran wanita adalah Serat Wulang Reh Putri karya Pakubuwono X. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan simbolisasi wanita Jawa utama dalam serat wulang reh putri. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan semiotika Charles Sanders Pierce. Sumber data utama dalam penelitian ini adalah teks Serat Wulang Reh Putri yang tersimpan di Museum Reksa Pustaka Pura Mangkunegaran. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik studi dokumen dan pembacaan intensif. Data-data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan pendekatan ilmu semiotika Charles Sanders Pierce. Hasil analisis data ditemukan Pakubuwono X memberikan contoh beberapa tokoh wanita dalam beberapa kisah, diantaranya adalah Dewi Adaninggar dan Dewi Citrawati. Pakubuwono X juga mengajarkan tentang simbolisasi hati yang menjadi bekal utama yang harus dimiliki dalam sebuah pernikahan. Terakhir, Pakubuwono X memberikan pemahaman tentang 3 bekal yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang istri, yaitu berbakti, melayani, dan menghormati suami dengan sepenuh hati. Serat Wulang Reh Putri ini juga bisa dijadikan alternatif pembelajaran untuk membentuk karakter wanita Jawa utama di era globalisasi. Utamanya penekanan tentang pentingnya penerimaan, pengabdian, dan pemahaman posisi wanita dalam keluarga.
Kata kunci: pandangan Pakubuwono X; semiotika Charles Sanders Pierce; Serat Wulang Reh Putri; simbolisasi wanita Jawa utama.
Diseño e implementación de un convertidor Boost regulado empleando una estrategia de control PI
Authors: Díaz Rodríguez Carlos Andrés , Romano Torres Wilson Norbey , Gallego Rodríguez Germán Enrique
Published: July 2024

El presente trabajo expone el diseño e implementación de un convertidor DC/DC Boost no aislado que opera con una carga nominal de 20 W, voltaje de salida constante de 24V y voltaje de entrada variable de 12 ∓25%V. El desarrollo se llevó a cabo en los laboratorios de Electrónica de Potencia, del programa de Ingeniería Electromecánica de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander siguiendo la metodología de solución propuesta, y cuyos resultados permitieron concluir que, el sistema de control PI implementado mejora la respuesta dinámica del convertidor en lazo cerrado en comparación con la obtenida en lazo abierto, presentando errores de estado estacionario que oscilaron entre el 1.66% (para un Vin de 9V) y 3.33% (para un Vin de 12V y 15V) en relación a los 24V deseados, logrando estabilizar el voltaje de salida para los diferentes cambios de tensión generados en la entrada, demostrando así, la importancia que tienen los sistemas de control y las herramientas de simulación en el diseño y análisis de los circuitos en la electrónica de potencia.