bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZNF671 Silencing Affects Signaling Pathways in Head and Neck Cancer via Activation of Oncogenic Non-Coding RNAs
Authors: Smith Kendra , Zubair Rufa’i Umar , Smith Richard V. , Augustine Stelby , Schlecht Nicholas F. , Ow Thomas J. , Prystowsky Michael B. , Belbin Thomas J.
Published: October 2024

Background: Novel ZNF genes, such as ZNF671, that are located on chromosome 19q13 are known to be hypermethylated at a high frequency in HNSCC as well as in other epithelial solid tumors. Their function is largely unknown. Results: Here, we show that ZNF671 is epigenetically silenced in HNSCC primary tumors compared to matched adjacent normal tissue. Moreover, low expression of ZNF671 is significantly associated with decreased survival in HNSCC patients. Over-expression of ZNF671 in UM-SCC-1 oral cancer cells resulted in a significant reduction in tumor cell mobility and invasion compared to the empty-vector control cells. Transcriptomic analysis showed that ZNF671 re-expression resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of a major oncogenic long non-coding RNA LINC00665. Conclusions: Together, these results suggest that epigenetic silencing of ZNF671 may activate multiple oncogenic signaling pathways via the resulting up-regulation of LINC00665.
Material Technologies for Improved Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) Treatment: A Questionnaire Study of Healthcare Professionals’ Needs
Authors: Vargas Guerrero Marian Gabriela , Vonken Lieve , Peters Erwin , Lucchesi Jimmy , Arts Jacobus J. C.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common and severe complication of diabetic patients, with significant global prevalence and associated health burdens, including high recurrence rates, lower-limb amputations, and substantial associated economic costs. This study aimed to understand the user needs of healthcare professionals treating diabetic foot ulcers for newly developed material technologies. Methods: An open-ended questionnaire was used to identify user needs, identify the limitations of current treatments, and determine the specific requirements for ideal treatment. This information was used to develop a list of key considerations for creating innovative material technologies to improve diabetic wound treatment results. Results: Most respondents indicated that they followed published treatment guidelines for DFUs but noted that treatment often required a case-specific approach. Antibiotics and surgical debridement were commonly used for infection control. The participants showed a strong preference for wound dressings with lasting antibacterial properties. Respondents identified ideal properties for new products, including ease of use, enhanced antibacterial properties, affordability, and targeted biological activity. The respondents also highlighted the importance of a holistic approach to DFU management, integrating product development with comprehensive care strategies and patient education. Conclusions: This study highlights the complexity of DFU care, emphasizing that no single product can address all treatment needs. Future materials could focus on combination therapies and specific use cases. Additionally, understanding global variations in treatment practices and educating users on the proper application of newly developed material technologies is crucial for improving the management of DFUs and patient outcomes.
Recent Updates of PET in Lymphoma: FDG and Beyond
Authors: Kim Sung-Yong , Chung Hyun Woo , So Young , Lee Mark Hong , Lee Eun Jeong
Published: October 2024

Lymphoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide, categorized into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) has become an essential imaging tool for evaluating patients with lymphoma in terms of initial diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and treatment response assessment. Recent advancements in imaging technology and methodologies, along with the development of artificial intelligence, have revolutionized the evaluation of complex imaging data, enhancing the diagnostic and predictive power of PET in lymphoma. However, FDG is not cancer-specific, but it primarily reflects glucose metabolism, which has prompted the investigation of alternative PET tracers to address this limitation. Novel PET radiotracers, such as fibroblast activation protein inhibitors targeting the tumor microenvironment, have recently shown promising results in evaluating various malignancies compared to FDG PET. Furthermore, with the rapid advancements in immunotherapy and the favorable imaging properties of 89Zr, immunoPET has emerged as a promising modality, offering insights into the functional and molecular status of the immune system. ImmunoPET can also facilitate the development of new antibody therapeutics and radioimmunotherapy by providing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. This review provides comprehensive insights into the current clinical applications of FDG PET in lymphoma, while also exploring novel PET imaging radiotracers beyond FDG, discussing their mechanisms of action and potential impact on patient management.
Single-Channel Sleep EEG Classification Method Based on LSTM and Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Chen Wan , Cai Yanping , Li Aihua , Su Yanzhao , Jiang Ke
Published: October 2024

Background: The single-channel sleep EEG has the advantages of convenient collection, high-cost performance, and easy daily use, and it has been widely used in the classification of sleep stages. Methods: This paper proposes a single-channel sleep EEG classification method based on long short-term memory and a hidden Markov model (LSTM-HMM). First, the single-channel EEG is decomposed using wavelet transform (WT), and multi-domain features are extracted from the component signals to characterize the EEG characteristics fully. Considering the temporal nature of sleep stage changes, this paper uses a multi-step time series as the input for the model. After that, the multi-step time series features are input into the LSTM. Finally, the HMM improves the classification results, and the final prediction results are obtained. Results: A complete experiment was conducted on the Sleep-EDFx dataset. The results show that the proposed method can extract deep information from EEG and make full use of the sleep stage transition rule. The proposed method shows the best performance in single-channel sleep EEG classification; the accuracy, macro average F1 score, and kappa are 82.71%, 0.75, and 0.76, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed method can realize single-channel sleep EEG classification and provide a reference for other EEG classifications.
Internalized Racism and Mental Health: The Moderating Role of Collective Racial Self-Esteem
Authors: Sanders Steven , Williams Tiffany , Berry April , Garcia-Aguilera Claudia , Robinson Kiera , Martin Reniece , Jones Paigean
Published: October 2024

Internalized racism is the internalization of beliefs about racism and colonization that contribute to the acceptance of negative messaging or stereotypical misrepresentations that inform perceptions about worth and ability. Internalized racism is associated with psychological distress in racially diverse people. Collective racial self-esteem is a potential protective factor that can serve as a moderator in reducing distress and facilitating psychological well-being. The sample for the present study consisted of 526 participants who self-identified as African American, Asian American/Pacific Islander, Latinx American, or American of Arab or Middle Eastern descent. The researchers used regression with the Process macro to investigate the potential moderating properties of collective racial self-esteem on the relationship between internalized racism and psychological distress in the sample. The findings indicated that specific domains of collective racial self-esteem moderated the internalized racism–psychological distress relationship.
Experimental Study and Machine Learning-Based Prediction of the Abrasion Resistance of Manufactured Sand Concrete
Authors: Xu Xubo , Xie Jicheng , Tang Yasen , Luo Liufen , Chen Zheng , Li Jiawen
Published: October 2024

To systematically analyze the impact of manufactured sand on the abrasion resistance of concrete, this paper investigates the correlation between sand type, sand ratio, stone powder content, compressive strength, and the abrasion resistance of manufactured sand concrete. Grey correlation analysis was conducted to assess the impact priority of each factor affecting the abrasion resistance, and prediction models for the abrasion resistance were developed using XGBoost, random forest, AdaBoost, and gradient boosting. The results indicate that compared to river sand concrete, C30 and C40 concrete prepared with limestone and diabase manufactured sand has 20% higher abrasion resistance due to the presence of stone powder and higher roughness and solidity. Within the range of 0.40 to 0.44, a lower sand ratio leads to higher abrasion resistance. For concrete prepared with manufactured sand containing 5% to 11% stone powder, the best abrasion resistance can be attained at a stone powder content of 9%, and microscopic analysis suggests the highest concrete density at this level. According to grey system theory, the influence of each affecting factor on the abrasion resistance follows the order: sand ratio > crushing value > roughness > compressive strength > stone powder content > 0.6. Compared to gradient boosting, random forest, and AdaBoost models, the XGBoost model adopted in this study showed relatively higher R2 and lower RMSE in both the training and testing sets, which proved its higher accuracy in predicting the abrasion loss of manufactured sand concrete. The machine learning models offer some guidance for predicting and enhancing the abrasion resistance of manufactured sand concrete in practical engineering.
Three-Dimensional (3D) Flood Simulation Aids Informed Decision Making: A Case of a Two-Story Underground Parking Lot in Beijing
Authors: Elhamamy Walaa , Li Ruidong , Ni Guangheng
Published: October 2024

Flooding in underground spaces, such as subway stations, underground malls, and garages, has increased due to intensified rainfall, urbanization, and population growth. Traditional 2D simulations often overlook crucial vertical flow variations, especially in steep transitions like stairs and ramps. The current study aims to investigate the flood dynamics in large underground geometries by taking a parking lot in Beijing, China, as a study case. The model overcomes the limitations of previous simulations by adapting a full 3D mesh-based simulation with reasonable computational cost. Unlike earlier studies, this model employs a high temporal resolution transient inflow at the inlet to the underground space. Simulation scenarios consider different return periods (5, 20, and 100 years) and inlet water depths, providing an analysis of their impact on flood status in the underground structure. The model generates high spatial–temporal results, enabling precise detection of flood-prone locations, evacuation times, and suggested mitigation techniques. The results recommend evacuating from hazard areas before the 10th minute during extreme flood events. Additionally, the study estimates a 40% increase in flood hazards for scenarios with direct connections between levels. Overall, the study highlights the importance of 3D simulations for accurate risk assessment.
Unshoring Process of a Temporary Pillar, in a Seventeen-Storey Building in Sant Adrià del Besós
Authors: Costales Calvo Ignacio , Font i Basté Jaume , Gimferrer i Vilaplana Xavier , Llorens Solivera Miquel
Published: October 2024

In the new construction of a seventeen-storey building, a provisional prop of fourteen-meter height, horizontally braced on two intermediate levels, has been used. Despite the fact that structural logic suggests that it can be cut without having any added safety precautions, the structure of the building, made up of cores and reinforced concrete slabs working spatially, indicates that certain mechanisms be introduced so that, in the event that different and worse behaviors than expected are detected, the process can be stopped and the consequences of the new situation observed can be analyzed. For this purpose, two pairs of four metallic cantilevers were introduced at mid-height with four hydraulic pistons. In addition, the best position of a series of strain gauges as well as transducers were analyzed. At first, a load test was carried out to check that the brackets worked correctly. Once this step was verified, the abutment was cut, and the results were read. The results of stresses and deformations were compared with those expected, always being satisfactory. Finally, four provisional profiles were placed in case after a few days the structure suddenly gave way. The research focuses on obtaining an efficient control system and achieving total security throughout the process, with the comparison of the results strictly necessary for this case. Few resources were used so as not to make the work excessively expensive. We have found important divergences, on the side of security, between calculation and reality. We have also considered that the construction process has an impact on the final results. In the same way, the rigidity of the temporal abutment must be considered before the calculation. All these factors have generated a lower-than-expected deformation in an 8 m cantilever.
Exploring the Zen Aesthetic Principles in the Design of Tea Rooms in Hebei Province, China
Authors: Jia Yan , Firzan Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Tea rooms hold a significant place in Chinese culture, serving as spaces for social interaction and spiritual reflection. Tea consumption in Hebei Province has continued to rise, leading to an increase in the number of tea rooms. This study explores how Zen aesthetics are incorporated into the design of tea rooms in Hebei, with a focus on how minimalist principles reflect cultural and spiritual values. Renowned for its rich heritage, Hebei has become a key region where Zen elements such as the use of natural materials and harmonious spatial layouts are seamlessly integrated into tea room interiors. This study employs qualitative methods, including a literature review, field observations, and visual documentation, to assess the aesthetic and functional characteristics of Zen-style tea rooms. The findings reveal that Zen aesthetics greatly enhance the user experience by fostering tranquillity and harmony, catering to the increasing demand for spiritual calm and a connection with nature in modern life. Additionally, the findings highlight that tea rooms serve as sanctuaries for emotional and cultural relief, symbolising personal peace and elevated social status. By emphasising simplicity and natural harmony, Zen-style tea rooms offer transformative spatial experiences, encouraging cultural expression and psychological well-being on modern interior design.
A Newly Bio-Based Material for the Construction Industry Using Gypsum Binder and Rice Straw Waste (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Montesinos-Martínez Miriam , Martínez-Gabarrón Antonio , Barreca Francesco , Flores-Yepes Jose Antonio
Published: October 2024

Construction is one of the economic sectors with the greatest influence on climate change. In addition to working procedures, the primary carbon footprint is attributed to the choice of materials and the energy required for their manufacturing. The underlying idea of this study is to minimize the effects and offer new solutions to emerging problems in the quest for materials that can be deemed as natural, such as gypsum (calcium sulphate dihydrate) and rice straw (Oryza sativa). The acquisition of these materials involves a lower carbon footprint compared to the conventional materials. It is well known since ancient times that gypsum and cereal straw can be used in construction, with numerous examples still available. Cereal straw is one of the oldest construction materials, traditionally combined with earth and occasionally with certain binders, with it continuing to be employed in construction in many countries to this day. This work showcases the feasibility of producing stable prefabricated elements from straw waste with construction gypsum, addressing a significant environmental concern posed by the alternative of having to burn such materials. In this study, for the proposed bio-based material, specific tests, such as thermal conductivity, flexural and compressive strength, and fire resistance, were carried out to evaluate the principal physical and mechanical characteristics for different compositions of water, gypsum, and straw fiber samples. The results highlighted the good performance of the proposed materials in order to spread their use in the green building industry. The addition of straw fibers improved, in different ways, some important physical characteristics of these components so as to diminish environmental pollution and to obtain better material performance. The tests highlighted the different behaviors of the proposed material with respect to the different cuts of the straw and as well as the water/gypsum ratio; this is not very well understood and probably depends on the micro structure of the straw fibers. The blocks with raw straw showed a significant improvement in the breaking mechanism (1775.42 N) compared to the blocks with cut straw (712.26 N) when subjected to bending tests, and their performance in compression tests was also acceptable. Additionally, a very interesting reduction in thermal conductivity was achieved by incorporating rice straw (0.233 W/mK), and high fire exposure times were obtained, with gypsum preventing the spread of ignition in any type of fiber.
A Novel Landfill Liner Material for Solidified Lake Sediment Based on Industrial By-Product and Construction Waste: Engineering Behavior and Cr(VI) Breakdown Characteristics
Authors: Meng Wencheng , Guo Lin , Yuan Jiayue , Chen Shiyu , Cai Guanghua , Lu Haijun
Published: October 2024

Engineering sludge, industrial waste, and construction waste are marked by high production volumes, substantial accumulation, and significant pollution. The resource utilization of these solid wastes is low, and the co-disposal of multiple solid wastes remains unfeasible. This study aimed to develop an effective impermeable liner material for landfills, utilizing industrial slag (e.g., granulated blast furnace slag, desulfurized gypsum, fly ash) and construction waste to consolidate lake sediment. To assess the engineering performance of the liner material based on solidified lake sediment presented in landfill leachate, macro-engineering characteristic parameters (unconfined compressive strength, hydraulic conductivity) were measured using unconfined compression and flexible wall penetration tests. Simultaneously, the mineral composition, functional groups, and microscopic morphology of the solidified lake sediment were analyzed using microscopic techniques (X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy + energy dispersive spectroscopy). The corrosion mechanism of landfill leachate on the solidified sediment liner material was investigated. Additionally, the breakdown behavior of heavy metal Cr(VI) within the solidified sediment liner barrier was investigated via soil column model experiments. The dispersion coefficient was computed based on the migration data of Cr(VI). Simultaneously, the detection of Cr(VI) concentration in pore water indicated that the solidified sediment liner could effectively impede the breakdown process of Cr(VI). The dispersion coefficient of Cr(VI) in solidified sediments is 5.5 × 10−6 cm2/s–9.5 × 10−6 cm2/s, which is comparable to the dispersion coefficient of heavy metal ions in compacted clay. The unconfined compressive strength and hydraulic conductivity of the solidified sediment ranged from 4.90 to 5.93 MPa and 9.41 × 10−8 to 4.13 × 10−7 cm/s, respectively. This study proposes a novel approach for the co-disposal and resource utilization of various solid wastes, potentially providing an alternative to clay liner materials for landfills.
Measuring the Influence of Industrialization in Deep Energy Renovations: A Three-Case Study Utilizing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Authors: Secondo-Maglia Juan G. , Alapont-Ramón José Luis , De-Rossi-Estrada Marco , Sánchez Gómez Santiago
Published: October 2024

Existing buildings in the European Union account for 40% of its energy consumption. To significantly reduce this impact, annual deep energy renovation rates should triple by the end of the 2020s. However, the lack of automation in the construction industry has hindered energy renovation efforts. Horizon Europe’s INPERSO project (Industrialised and Personalised Renovation for Sustainable Societies) aims to create a user-centered energy rehabilitation method based on industrialized technologies and systems, enhancing efficiency and building performance. To bridge the gap between predictions and real-world outcomes, the 22 project partners—using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) process—devised a list of key performance indicators (KPIs) for evaluating rehabilitation based on economic, energy, environmental, social, and technological factors. Adopting a human-centric approach, these project partners aim to minimize the technologies’ environmental impact while optimizing users’ comfort and experience. The indicators are designed to evaluate performance at every stage of the renovation process, enabling continuous feedback and user engagement and ultimately ensuring that projected energy savings are met throughout the building’s lifespan. The KPIs selected for INPERSO provide a solid framework for evaluating and monitoring sustainable renovation. However, challenges such as administrative reluctance and user disruption must be addressed to further boost the adoption of deep energy renovations.
Enhanced Stability and Selectivity in Pt@MFI Catalysts for n-Butane Dehydrogenation: The Crucial Role of Sn Promoter
Authors: Gong Nengfeng , Qin Gaolei , Li Pengfei , Zhang Xiangjie , Chen Yan , Yang Yong , He Peng
Published: October 2024

The dehydrogenation of n-butane to butenes is a crucial process for producing valuable petrochemical intermediates. This study explores the role of oxyphilic metal promoters (Sn, Zn, and Ga) in enhancing the performance and stability of Pt@MFI catalysts for n-butane dehydrogenation. The presence of Sn in the catalyst inhibits the agglomeration of Pt clusters, maintaining their subnanometric particle size. PtSn@MFI exhibits superior stability and selectivity for butenes while suppressing cracking reactions, with selectivity for C1–C3 products as low as 2.1% at 550 °C compared to over 30.5% for Pt@MFI. Using a combination of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, we examined the structural and electronic properties of the catalysts. Our findings reveal that Zn tends to consume hydroxyl groups and substitute framework sites, and Ga induces more defective sites in the zeolite structure. In contrast, the interaction between SnOx and the zeolite framework does not depend on reactions with hydroxyl groups. The incorporation of Sn significantly prevents Pt particle agglomeration, maintaining smaller Pt particle sizes and reducing coke formation compared to Zn and Ga promoters. Theoretical calculations showed that Sn increases the positive charge on Pt clusters, enhancing their interaction with the zeolite framework and reducing sintering, albeit with a slight increase in the energy barrier for C-H activation. These results underscore the dual benefits of Sn as a promoter, offering enhanced structural stability and reduced coke formation, thus paving the way for the rational design of more effective and durable catalysts for alkane dehydrogenation and other high-value chemical processes.
Adipose Tissue Macrophages of the Human Fetus
Authors: Radványi Ádám , Gyurina Katalin , Rácz Emese , Kovács Ilona , Méhes Gábor , Röszer Tamás
Published: October 2024

Prenatal adipose tissue development affects body composition and growth trajectory in early infancy, therefore it is a key determinant of adiposity in childhood. Childhood overweight and obesity increase the probability of being obese as an adult. After birth and in adulthood, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are relevant constituents of the fat depots, and they are necessary for physiological adipose tissue development and fat metabolism. In obesity, however, ATMs may induce chronic inflammation leading to insulin resistance, pancreatic beta cell damage and self-immunity. Despite being relevant regulators of adipose tissue development and functioning, it is unknown whether ATMs are present in the fetal adipose tissue, therefore it is elusive whether they may affect the prenatal establishment of fat depots. Here we studied the distribution of ATMs in the human fetus between gestational weeks 17 and 38 and labeled ATMs in the early postnatal life. We found that CD45+/CD14+/CD68+ ATMs infiltrated the fetal adipose tissue from the 17th week of gestation and remained persistent throughout the second and third trimesters. ATMs were phagocytic in the neonate and expressed interleukin-6, along with other pro-inflammatory gene products. These findings show that ATMs colonize the adipose tissue early in gestation, raising the possibility that intrauterine ATM–adipocyte communication may exist, eventually allowing ATMs to affect prenatal adipose tissue development.
Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering and Oxidation of ZrB2-SiC and ZrB2-HfB2-SiC Ceramic Materials
Authors: Simonenko Elizaveta P. , Papynov Eugeniy K. , Shichalin Oleg O. , Belov Anton A. , Nagornov Ilya A. , Simonenko Tatiana L. , Gorobtsov Philipp Yu. , Teplonogova Maria A. , Mokrushin Artem S. , Simonenko Nikolay P. , Kuznetsov Nikolay T.
Published: October 2024

This study presents the fabrication possibilities of ultra-high-temperature ceramics of ZrB2-30 vol.%SiC and (ZrB2-HfB2)-30 vol.% SiC composition using the reaction spark plasma sintering of composite powders ZrB2(HfB2)-(SiO2-C) under two-stage heating conditions. The phase composition and microstructure of the obtained ceramic materials have been subjected to detailed analysis, their electrical conductivity has been evaluated using the four-contact method, and the electron work function has been determined using Kelvin probe force microscopy. The thermal analysis in the air, as well as the calcination of the samples at temperatures of 800, 1000, and 1200 °C in the air, demonstrated a comparable behavior of the materials in general. However, based on the XRD data and mapping of the distribution of elements on the oxidized surface (EDX), a slightly higher oxidation resistance of the ceramics (ZrB2-HfB2)-30 vol.% SiC was observed. The I-V curves of the sample surfaces recorded with atomic force microscopy demonstrated that following oxidation in the air at 1200 °C, the surfaces of the materials exhibited a marked reduction in current conductivity due to the formation of a dielectric layer. However, data obtained from Kelvin probe force microscopy indicated that (ZrB2-HfB2)-30 vol.% SiC ceramics also demonstrated enhanced resistance to oxidation.
Metalinguistic and Reading Skills in a Sample of Colombian Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Montoya-Londoño Diana , Landínez-Martínez Daniel , Aguirre-Aldana Lorena , Dussán-Lubert Carmen , Partida-Gutierrez de Blume Antonio
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to examine metalinguistic skills and reading processes in children diagnosed with ADHD, compared to a matched control group. Method: An explanatory experimental design was employed, involving a sample of 194 children from Manizales, comprising 97 children diagnosed with ADHD and 97 controls. The study utilized tasks from the Children’s Neuropsychological Assessment (CNA) protocol to assess metalinguistic and reading abilities. Results: Children with ADHD exhibited significantly lower performance across all metalinguistic and reading tasks compared to the control group, except for spelling and silent reading comprehension tasks. Conclusions: These findings corroborate previous research conducted in Manizales, underscoring the specific challenges in metalinguistic and reading domains among children with ADHD. Future research should explore the influence of working memory on phonological awareness and its implications for metalinguistic skills and reading development.
Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: Early Signs and Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Abualait Turki , Alabbad Maryam , Kaleem Imdad , Imran Hadia , Khan Hamid , Kiyani Mubin Mustafa , Bashir Shahid
Published: October 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in communication, social interaction difficulties, and repetitive behaviors that can hinder a child’s development. The growing prevalence of autism necessitates early detection and effective intervention strategies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of early indicators of ASD, including brain development markers and behavioral signs visible in infants. It investigates diagnostic processes, emphasizing the importance of timely detection at 18 to 24 months using established screening tools. We discuss a variety of therapeutic approaches, including behavioral interventions, educational strategies such as music therapy, and technological advancements such as speech-generating devices. Furthermore, we investigate pharmacological options for treating associated symptoms, emphasizing the lack of targeted medications for core ASD symptoms. Finally, we present evidence highlighting the positive effects of early intervention on developmental outcomes, advocating for individualized treatment plans to enhance the well-being of children with ASD. This comprehensive overview aims to inform ongoing ASD research and clinical practices.
A Predictive Model for Perinatal Brain Injury Using Machine Learning Based on Early Birth Data
Authors: Jeon Ga Won , Lee Yeong Seok , Hahn Won-Ho , Jun Yong Hoon
Published: October 2024

Background/Objective: It is difficult to predict perinatal brain injury, and performing brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on suspected injury remains a clinical challenge. Therefore, we aimed to develop a reliable method for predicting perinatal brain injury using a machine learning model with early birth data. Methods: Neonates admitted to our institution from January 2017 to June 2024 with a gestational age of ≥36 weeks, a birth weight of ≥1800 g, admission within 6 h of birth, and who underwent brain MRI to confirm perinatal brain injury were included. Various machine learning models, including gradient boosting, were trained using early birth data to predict perinatal brain injury. Synthetic minority over-sampling and adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN) were applied to address class imbalance. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, F1 score, and ROC curves. Feature importance scores and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values were also calculated. Results: Among 179 neonates, 39 had perinatal brain injury. There were significant differences between the injury and non-injury groups in mode of delivery, Apgar scores, capillary pH, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and whether therapeutic hypothermia was performed. The gradient boosting model with the ADASYN method achieved the best performance. In terms of feature importance scores, the 1 min Apgar score was the most influential predictor. Additionally, SHAP analysis showed that LDH levels had the highest SHAP values. Conclusion: the gradient boosting model with ADASYN oversampling effectively predicts perinatal brain injury, potentially improving early detection for predicting long-term outcomes, reducing unnecessary MRI scans, and lowering healthcare costs.
Regional Differences in Lung Ventilation During the Early Transition Period in Late Preterm and Term Neonates Assessed by Electrical Impedance Tomography
Authors: Janulionis Adomas , Sutova Viktorija , Langiene Vita , Virsilas Ernestas , Drejeriene Violeta , Liubsys Arunas , Valiulis Arunas
Published: October 2024

Background: Changes in lung ventilation are well documented in term neonates while in late preterm neonates these patterns are poorly understood despite their increased risk of respiratory morbidity. Objectives: The study aimed to compare and clarify the differences in regional lung ventilation of late preterm and term neonates during the early adaptation period using electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Material and methods: The case-control study was conducted in the years 2020–2022. It included 51 late preterm neonates (LPN, Study group) and 45 term neonates (TN, Control) born by normal vaginal delivery (NVD). EIT examinations were performed with a Swisstom BB2 (Switzerland) equipment. The data recordings were performed no later than 30 (I Record), 60 (II), and 90 (III) minutes after the birth. Results: Statistically significant differences between LPN and TN were observed in the non-dependent lung areas at I record, with more silent spaces observed in the LPN (p < 0.001). Differences in the dependent lung regions were observed across all recordings, with LPN demonstrating more silent spaces (p < 0.001). LPN demonstrated greater stretch-related changes in the 10% and 20% stretch categories across all recordings, while TN showed greater changes in the 50%, 70%, and 90% categories. Tidal volumes in the right lung of TN are distributed more towards the ventral and central ventral regions. In contrast, tidal volumes of LPN are distributed to the central dorsal and dorsal regions of the right lung. Conclusions: LPN during the first 90 min after the birth show reduced lung ventilation assessed by EIT, suggesting a possible impairment of early postnatal adaptation.
Anaemia Profile and Inflammation Markers in Stunted Children Under Two Years in Indonesia
Authors: Budiailmiawan Luhung , Aryati Aryati , Kadir Nursin Abd. , Yusuf Laily Indrayanti , Partakusuma Lia Gardenia , Markus Louisa , Lismayanti Leni
Published: October 2024

Background: Stunting is a common issue affecting children who suffer from chronic malnutrition in Indonesia. The Indonesian government has introduced supplementary food programs for stunted children, but the results have been less satisfactory. This may be due to the presence of anaemia and comorbid diseases. Haematology tests and inflammation markers are necessary to identify these conditions. This study aimed to examine the anaemia profiles and inflammation markers in stunted children under two years old. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design with cluster samples and consecutive analysis was used. The study was conducted between December 2023 and March 2024 at the West Nusa Tenggara Hospital and Palabuhanratu Sukabumi Hospital laboratories. Samples were obtained from various Public Health Centres in Sukabumi, West Java, North Maluku, and West Nusa Tenggara. Data collection comprised interviews, measurements, and the assessment of haematology, biochemical, and inflammatory markers. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20, which includes descriptive analysis, correlation, comparison, and chi-square tests. Results: Two hundred and ten stunted children were identified with various anaemias and comorbidities. These anaemias included suspected thalassemia (38.1%), iron deficiency (18.1%), and anaemia of chronic diseases (13.3%). Based on the inflammatory markers obtained, TB was suspected (21.4%), inflammatory bowel disease (18.1%) was suspected, and allergic proctocolitis was suspected (31.9%). Conclusions: Analysis of the anaemia profiles and inflammatory markers revealed various types of anaemia and suspected comorbidities in stunted children. It is recommended that anaemia profiles and inflammation markers be assessed at the primary healthcare level.
The Weathering of the Beech and Spruce Wood Impregnated with Pigmented Linseed Oil
Authors: Fodor Fanni , Dömény Jakub , Horváth Péter György , Pijáková Barbora , Baar Jan
Published: October 2024

This research aimed to examine the effects of a deep impregnation technique (Royal process) and surface coating using a linseed oil-based product, enhanced with small amounts of brown and grey pigments, on the natural and artificial weathering of wood. The treated and reference samples underwent natural weathering for five years and artificial weathering for 1900 h. Changes in color and surface roughness were assessed during weathering. For the artificially weathered samples, liquid water absorption was measured both before and after exposure. The impregnated and coated samples gradually lost their brown color, turning grey over time. More pronounced differences were observed during natural weathering, with the coated samples showing greater structural changes on the wood surface. In contrast, impregnated samples slowed down structural alterations compared to the reference samples. Both treatments effectively reduced water absorption before weathering, although this effect diminished after exposure. The treatments did not significantly impact the fire resistance of spruce and beechwood.
Building an Accessible and Flexible Multi-User Robotic Simulation Framework with Unity-MATLAB Bridge
Authors: Haces-Garcia Arturo , Zhu Weihang
Published: October 2024

Multi-user collaborative robotic simulation has great potential for applications in industry and education. Unity is a powerful software for simulation and online multi-user experience, which can be enhanced with third-party mathematical analysis and multiplayer servers. Unity can become a much more capable and user-friendly robotic simulation package through integration with other software. These include MATLAB for computations and the Photon Unity Engine (PUN) for online multi-user capabilities. This study developed a flexible robotic simulation framework that can be adapted to different scenarios for industrial and educational applications. Several simulation scenarios were developed to identify the most efficient data communication methods between MATLAB and Unity. TCP/IP, Shared Memory, Firebase, and MQTT, were selected to assess their performance and interaction with data in Unity and MATLAB. Next, an independent PUN application was created. Both components were integrated into the simulator for evaluation and performance optimization. The performance of this simulation framework was assessed through two case studies. The results demonstrated that the integrated framework is viable, efficient, and flexible for robotic simulation and digital twins. Future research will expand the framework by adding diverse functionalities to provide users with a better interface, enhancing its performance, and integrating additional software packages.
Characterization of Crystal Properties and Defects in CdZnTe Radiation Detectors
Authors: Ballester Manuel , Kaspar Jaromir , Massanés Francesc , Banerjee Srutarshi , Vija Alexander Hans , Katsaggelos Aggelos K.
Published: October 2024

CdZnTe-based detectors are highly valued because of their high spectral resolution, which is an essential feature for nuclear medical imaging. However, this resolution is compromised when there are substantial defects in the CdZnTe crystals. In this study, we present a learning-based approach to determine the spatially dependent bulk properties and defects in semiconductor detectors. This characterization allows us to mitigate and compensate for the undesired effects caused by crystal impurities. We tested our model with computer-generated noise-free input data, where it showed excellent accuracy, achieving an average RMSE of 0.43% between the predicted and the ground truth crystal properties. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the effect of noisy data on the accuracy of the model.
Perovskite Quantum Dot/Zinc Oxide Composite Films for Enhanced Luminance
Authors: Khairnar Nikita , Kwon Hyukmin , Park Sunwoo , Park Sangwook , Lee Hayoon , Park Jongwook
Published: October 2024

We conducted experiments utilizing the scattering effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots (QDs). This study involved investigating the method for creating a CsPbBr3 and ZnO mixture and determining the optimal mixing ratio. A mixture dispersion of CsPbBr3 and ZnO, prepared at a 1:0.015 weight ratio through shaking, was fabricated into a film using the spin coating method. The PL intensity of this film showed a relative increase of 20% compared to the original CsPbBr3 QD film without ZnO. The scattering effect of ZnO was confirmed through ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and transient PL experiments, and a long-delayed exciton lifetime was observed in the optimized mixture dispersion thin film. The morphology of the fabricated film was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For the CsPbBr3-ZnO mixture (1:0.0015) film, crystal domains of approximately 10 nm were observed using TEM. Through AFM analysis, an excellent film roughness of 4.6 nm was observed, further confirming the potential of perovskite QD/ZnO composite films as promising materials for enhanced photoconversion intensity. In future studies, applying this method to other perovskite materials and metal oxides for the optimization of photoconversion composite materials is expected to enable the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite QD/metal oxide composite films.
Curated Polyoxometalate Formula Dataset
Authors: Kondinski Aleksandar , Gumerova Nadiia , Rompel Annette
Published: October 2024

Reticular and cluster materials often feature complex formulas, making a comprehensive overview challenging due to the need to consult various resources. While datasets have been collected for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and zeolites, among others, there remains a gap in systematically organized information for polyoxometalates. This paper introduces a carefully curated dataset of 1984 polyoxometalate (POM) and related cluster metal oxide formula instances, currently connecting over 2500 POM material instances. These POM instances incorporate 75 different chemical elements, with compositions ranging from binary to octonary element clusters. This dataset not only enhances accessibility to polyoxometalate data but also aims to facilitate further research and development in the study of these complex inorganic compounds.
Pomolic Acid: Cancer Molecular Targets, Plant Extraction Yields and Availability
Authors: Fernandes Janaina
Published: October 2024

Pomolic acid (3-beta,19alpha-Dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, PA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid. Derived from the mevalonate pathway through cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene, it has been widely found in several plant species. In the mid-1960s, PA was identified as the genuine aglycone of triterpenoid saponins from Sanguisorba officinalis, and studies on its biological activities began in 1989. Since then, several pharmacological properties have been described for this compound, including antitumoral activity. PA induced cell death in tumors, such as lung, brain, breast, and sensitive and resistant leukemia. Additionally, PA modulates resistant proteins and events involved in metastasis. Even though PA constitutes an important candidate for new treatment against several cancers, its availability hampers the evolution of PA studies toward clinical evaluation. This review discusses the limitations of PA availability, the recent approaches to improve it, and other aspects of the antitumoral studies on PA activity.
Retrospective Radiographic Analysis of Peri-Implant Bone Loss in Mandibular Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitations
Authors: Giordano Francesco , Acerra Alfonso , Gasparro Roberta , Galdi Marzio , D’Ambrosio Francesco , Caggiano Mario
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Can the type of implant rehabilitation influence peri-implant bone loss in case of full-arch mandibular prosthesis? The purpose of the study was to assess, using orthopantomograms (OPGs), the bone loss around implants in different types of implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitations and identify potential risk factors, associated with the number and location of implants, that may have an association with bone defects. Methods: A radiographic study was conducted on 22,317 OPGs from 2010 to 2024. All OPGs with implant-supported prosthetic mandibular rehabilitations were included in the study. Results: A total of 155 OPGs were evaluated, with peri-implant bone loss identified in 64 (41.3%). Distal implants (furthest from the center) across various positioning patterns were most susceptible to bone loss, with positions 3.6 and 4.6 demonstrating the most frequent occurrence (25 and 26 cases, respectively). The χ2 test revealed significant associations between both the implant positioning pattern (p < 0.001) and number of implants (p < 0.001) with peri-implant bone loss. Also, by updating the sample of OPGs, increased susceptibility to bone resorption was found for implants placed distal to the mental foramen compared to mesial ones in full-arch-implant-supported fixed prostheses. Conclusions: Prospective clinical studies will therefore be useful in investigating this finding further.
Severe Hyporesponsiveness to Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis—Reconsidering the Relationship with Thrombo-Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Nikolovski Srdjan , Medic Brkic Branislava , Vujovic Katarina Savic , Cirkovic Ivana , Jovanovic Nina , Reddy Bhavana , Iqbal Omer , Zhang Chongyu , Fareed Jawed , Bansal Vinod
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Besides a multitude of consequences patients on chronic renal replacement therapy have, anemia is one of the most prominent factors making a significant number of patients dependent on erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the levels of a broad spectrum of thrombo-inflammatory and oxidative stress-related biomarkers and the presence and level of ESA hyporesponsiveness in patients undergoing regular chronic hemodialysis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 96 patients treated with chronic hemodialysis. Levels of several thrombo-inflammatory and oxidative stress-related biomarkers, as well as demographic, clinical, and laboratory analyses, were collected and analyzed based on the calculated value of the ESA-hyporesponsiveness index (EHRI). Results: In the analyzed sample, 58 patients received ESAs. Of all the investigated parameters, only body mass index (BMI), level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and level of L-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) were observed as significant predictors of EHRI. A significant diagnostic potential for ESA resistance has been observed in BMI and L-FABP between ESA-resistant and ESA-non-resistant groups of patients (p = 0.004, area under the curve 0.763 and p = 0.014, area under the curve 0.712, respectively) with the cut-off values of 25.46 kg/m2 and 5355.24 ng/mL, respectively. Having a BMI of 25.46 kg/m2 or less and an L-FABP level higher than 5355.24 ng/mL were observed as significant predictors of ESA resistance (odds ratio 9.857 and 6.125, respectively). Conclusions: EHRI was positively predicted by low BMI and high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and L-FABP. High levels of L-FABP and low BMI have been observed as strong predictors of ESA resistance.