bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERCEPÇÃO DE DISCENTES, DOCENTES E TRABALHADORAS SOBRE O PROCESSO DE TRABALHO DA ENFERMEIRA
Authors: Mascarenhas Nildo Batista , Dos Santos Tatiane Araujo , Florentino Tatiane Cunha , Santos Handerson Silva
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: analisar a percepção de discentes, docentes e trabalhadoras sobre o processo de trabalho da enfermeira. Método: pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. Os sujeitos foram discentes, docentes e enfermeiras. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, organizados em quadros, classificados conforme as categorias do processo de trabalho da enfermeira e analisados à luz do referencial teórico marxista sobre o processo de trabalho em saúde/enfermagem. Resultados: as participantes conceberam o processo de trabalho da enfermeira de maneira fragmentada, não reconheceram sua natureza indissociavelmente assistencial-gerencial e consideraram o trabalho gerencial da enfermeira como um obstáculo. Conclusão: não há diferenças na percepção de discentes, docentes e trabalhadoras sobre o processo de trabalho da enfermeira.

Descritores: Trabalho. Enfermeira. Estudante de Enfermagem. Educação em Enfermagem.
Moving Towards an Indigenous Research Process: A Reflexive Approach to Empirical Work With First Nations Communities in Canada
Authors: Toombs Elaine , Drawson Alexandra S , Chambers Lori , Bobinski Tina L. R. , Dixon John , Mushquash Christopher J.
Published: March 2019

Moving towards reconciliation within Indigenous research requires the careful examination of existing practices at all stages of the research process. Engagement in and dissemination of reflexive processes may increase the relevance of research results for Indigenous communities and partners. This article describes and contextualizes the results obtained from this qualitative research study examining parenting needs and child reunification in these communities. The initial results were deemed relevant by the partnering community but research stakeholders reported that they did not reflect all community values. Based on the advice of the Research Advisory Group, the research team decided to further analyze the results to address these shortcomings. The reanalysis process focused on improving the perceived meaningfulness and relevance to communities. Exploration of how these results were re-situated in an Indigenous framework of wellbeing is discussed. Researcher reflections about the project processes and considerations for future research are explored.
Receptive Aesthetic Criteria: Reader Comparisons of Two Finnish Translations of "Hamlet"
Authors: Keinänen Nely
Published: March 2019

This article examines the subjective aesthetic criteria used to assess two Finnish translations of Hamlet, one by Eeva-Liisa Manner (1981) and the other by Matti Rossi (2013), both accomplished translators for the stage. A survey consisting of one general question (“Briefly describe your idea of how Shakespeare translation should sound in Finnish, and what you think are the qualities of a good Shakespeare translation”) and five text extracts was distributed on paper and electronically, generating 50 responses. For the extracts, respondents were asked whether one or the other translation most closely dorresponded to their idea of what a Shakespeare translation should sound like and why, along with questions on whether they would prefer to see or read one or the other. The results show that there are no strong shared expectancy norms in Finland regarding Shakespeare translation. Manner was generally felt to be more concise and poetic, while Rossi was praised for his exquisite use of modern Finnish. Respondents agreed that rhythm was an important criterion, but disagreed on what sorts of rhythms they preferred. Translation of the “to be or not to be” speech raised the most passions, with many strongly preferring Manner’s more traditional translation. The results suggest that Shakespeare scholars would do well to take variations in expectancy norms into account when assessing and analysing Shakespeare in translation.
Hamlet Underground: Revisiting Shakespeare and Dostoevsky
Authors: Thurman Chris
Published: March 2019

This is the first of a pair of articles that consider the relationship between Dostoevsky’s novella Notes from the Underground and Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Acknowledging Shakespeare’s well-known influence on Dostoevsky and paying close attention to similarities between the two texts, the author frames the comparison by reflecting on his own initial encounter with Dostoevsky in David Magarshack’s 1968 English translation. A discussion of previous Anglophone scholarly attempts to explore the resonance between the texts leads to a reading of textual echoes (using Magarshack’s translation). The wider phenomenon of Hamletism in the nineteenth century is introduced, complicating Dostoevsky’s national and generational context, and laying the groundwork for the second article—which questions the ‘universalist’ assumptions informing the English translator-reader contract.
HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF THE CARCINOGENIC RISK TO HEALTH OF THE POPULATION LIVING IN THE ZONE OF THE EXPOSURE TO PLACES OF THE BURIAL STORAGE OF WASTE OF MINING AND PROCESSING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kleyn Svetlana V. , Vekovshinina S. A. , Balashov S. Yu. , Khoroshavin V. A. , Ukhabov V. M.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with hygienic problems related to effects of the results of the previous economic activities of the ore mining and processing enterprise located in Zakamensk (Republic of Buryatia) on the health of the population. The storage of the plant’s waste in close proximity to residential buildings was established to generate an abnormal quality of the habitat (up to 2 MPC for single dose (MPCsd) of the investigated metals in the atmospheric air, up to 4 MPC in drinking water, up to 85 MPCsd in the soil), and unacceptable levels of a carcinogenic risk to the health of the population (total individual carcinogenic risk is up to 2.11 ∙ 10-3). The main factors of carcinogenic risk are metals (cadmium, nickel, chromium, cobalt, beryllium, arsenic, lead, etc.) presenting the components of the waste of the ore mining and processing enterprise, among which the greatest contribution is made by chromium [contribution to total cancerogenic risk (TCR) up to 80.9%] and arsenic (contribution up to 53.2%). Priority objects of risk factors from the habitat are atmospheric air and food products (contribution to the TCR value up to 71.0 and 43.1%, respectively).
CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN SMELTERS OF TITANIUM ALLOYS
Authors: Vlasova Elena M. , Voznesenskiy N. K. , Alekseev V. B. , Vorobeva A. A.
Published: March 2019

The working conditions, occupational and non-occupational risk factors, prevalence rate and peculiarities of the course of respiratory diseases in smelters of titanium alloys were studied. Working conditions of smelters are estimated as harmful (class of working conditions: 3.3-3.4.) due to factors: heating microclimate, chemicals (chlorine and hydrochloride, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide), industrial dust. A feature of the respirable dust fraction is the high content of titanium oxide particles of the PM10 dimension. There was made an analysis of the health status of workers exposed to industrial dust, depending on the length of service. Diseases of the upper respiratory tract in smelters of titanium alloys were shown to be prevalent, simple catarrhal nasopharyngitis prevails with the subsequent formation of atrophic rhinitis, its prevalence rate among smelters of titanium alloys increases with the experience. The peculiarity of the development of diseases of the upper respiratory tract in smelters of titanium alloys are: deterioration of nasal breathing in workers with experience of from 1 year to 5 years already, in patients with experience from 10 to 15 years the prevalence of catarrhal nasopharyngitis and atrophic rhinitis as its outcome in cases with experience from 15 to 20 years. The bronchial damage in the smelters of titanium alloys develops under the experience more than 5 years. The clinical forms are dominated by the phenomena of catarrhal bronchitis followed by obstruction of the bronchi progressing with the experience, with the formation of irreversible ventilation disorders. With the depletion of antioxidant protection, as a rule, with long duration of the exposure of up to 10 years, aseptic inflammation is formed, which is pronounced clinically as catarrhal endobronchitis. This is a partially reversible pathological process. The described features of the development and course of respiratory diseases in smelters of titanium alloys should be taken into account during periodic medical examinations in order to timely prevent them
PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF VITAMIN DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE, SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC IMPACT OF CHEMICAL RISK ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Authors: Ustinova Olga Yu. , Yambulatov A. M. , Nikiforova N. V.
Published: March 2019

There was made a study of the blood content of vitamins A, C, D, B6 and B12 in 188 children aged 6-7 years attending pre-school educational institutions located on the territory of a large industrial center with environmental pollution of organic substances of man-made origin (atmospheric air: phenol, formaldehyde, ethylbenzene, drinking water: organochlorine compounds) in concentrations exceeding hygienic standards. It has been established that even with a balanced diet provided with vitamins at the level of physiological demands, more than 75% of children have a reduced blood level of vitamins. There has been revealed a relationship between the decline of the level of provision with vitamins and a high blood content of the studied organic compounds in children. Chronic both the aerogenic and peroral intake of phenol, formaldehyde, ethylbenzene of organochlorine compounds depletes the reserve of the antioxidant defense system, as evidenced by the established feedback of the blood content of the investigated organic compounds with the content of antioxidant profile enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase) and total antioxidant activity of blood serum. Under conditions of a decrease in the functional activity of the enzymes of the oxidation-antioxidant system, there is increased primarily carried out by vitamins, the role of non-enzymatic responses of the antioxidant protection, which is accompanied by an increased their consumption. The activation a mechanism for increased consumption of vitamins in conditions of chronic toxic load is the basis for the formation of a vitamin deficiency associated with the exposure to organic compounds of technogenic origin. At the same time, the progressive deficiency of vitamins creates the conditions for reducing the activity of biotransformation processes of chemical substances of technogenic origin and their accumulation in biological environments. The formation of interrelated processes (elevated levels of organic compounds in the blood of technogenic origin ↔ hypovitaminosis) as the pathogenetic basis of the progressive vitamin deficiency in children requires the development of new approaches to the prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis in children living in conditions of sanitary and hygienic troubles associated with the presence of a complex of organic compounds of technogenic origin in objects of the environment.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR CORRECTING DISORDERS OF THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN LIVING IN LOW-LEVEL ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION AND DRINKING WATER WITH METALS (LEAD, MANGANESE, NICKEL, CHROMIUM, CADMIUM)
Authors: Luzhetsky Konstantin P. , Ustinova O. Yu. , Goleva O. I. , Shtina I. E.
Published: March 2019

In the course of studying the impact of metal compounds on the functioning of the endocrine system and adaptation systems in children living in chronic low-level multi-environmental (atmospheric air, drinking water) effects of a complex of metals, the elevated content of lead, manganese, nickel, cadmium and chromium was established to be 1.5 - 9.4 times higher than the reference level and 1.3 - 2.2 times than indices of the comparison group). In this contingent, disorders of the physical development and malnutrition (ICD: E44-46) were detected by 1.2 - 1.7 times more often than in conditions of sanitary and hygienic well-being. In the course of the analysis of the effectiveness of methods of correction in children of physical development disorders and malnutrition (E44-46) associated with the effects of metals, there was shown the high efficiency of the complex application of elimination, membrane stabilizing, antioxidant and nootropic technologies, with methods of physiotherapy (Ultrasound therapy, inductothermy) and exercise therapy. With comparable economic costs with traditional approaches, the proposed correction technologies demonstrate a significant benefit (up to 3.3 times) for the economy of the country and the region. The prevented losses for Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the observation group are 13246.0 rubles per person per year (2.25 rubles per 1 ruble of costs, in contrast to 0.7 rubles when using standard methods).
PROVISION OF THE PUBLIC RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION AGAINST RADON EXPOSURE. CHALLENGES AND RESOLUTIONS
Authors: Kiselev Sergey M. , Stamat I. P. , Marenny A. M. , Ilyin L. A.
Published: March 2019

In the Year of Ecology, announced by the Russian President in the Decree №7, 05/01/16, the authors aim both to draw the attention of the scientific community to the public radiological protection issues concerning radon exposure in Russia and to recognize the neccesity of their resolution. Taking into account the modern scientific evidence on the health impacts of radon and its progenies, the changes of the regulatory approaches to public radiation protection are analyzed. Considering modern challenges in the radon control the current state of affairs in Russia is reviewed. The achieved results in public radiation protection in Russia and new challenges are discussed taking into account new WHO, ICRP and IAEA recommendations. The potential means to improve the current national radon strategy are considered.
THE DYNAMICS OF THE RISK OF THE MORBIDITY AND THE ADAPTATION PROCESS AS INDICES OF THE IMPACT OF LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE POPULATION
Authors: Prusakov V. M. , Prusakova Aleksandra V.
Published: March 2019

There were studied: The role of the disease dynamics at the background area in the formation of the risk for childhood morbidity in the study area; the value of indices of the long-term wavelike risk dynamics and the corresponding adaptation process for the identification and classification of mass non-infectious diseases. The waviness dynamics of the children morbidity risk is caused by the wave-like nature of the disease dynamics in the study and background areas. The disease risk level is formed not only by differences in the incidence rates of the background and study areas but also from differences in phases of high and low non-specific resistance of children contingent in these territories. The different character of the dynamics of the risk for the disease and related waviness of the adaptation process among children reflects the existence of differences in exposure to characteristics of local environmental factors in each territory. The average risk of disease, around which there are carried out annual fluctuations risks and phase states of the adaptation process, and the corresponding levels of reactivity and resistance of the body are the result of the absolute magnitude of the impact of local factors on the study area. The average relative risk of the morbidity, around which there are carried out annual fluctuations risks and phase states of the adaptation process is an integral index of the level of mass non-infectious diseases and the degree of severity of the medical and environmental situation, the level of reactivity and work mismatch of the body subsystems of children and the degree of their intensity. This is the measure of the absolute magnitude of the impact of local factors. The waviness to the development of states of high and low resistance is both always an index of antistress activation responses (or non-specifically high resistance state) and relative to the average force of impact factors (for the observed reactivity level). On the basis of the accounting for the level of the risk, there is suggested the classification of infectious diseases, including 1) the background or relatively satisfactory morbidity, 2) mass morbidity with the increased risk, 3) mass incidence of the high-risk, and 4) a mass incidence of the very high risk.
THE CYTOGENETIC AND PHYTOTOXIC ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTI-ICING MATERIAL ON ONION ASSAY (ALLIUM CEPA)
Authors: Sbitnev A. V. , Vodyanova Mariya A. , Sycheva L. P. , Zhurkov V. S. , Kriatov I. A. , Akhaltseva L. V.
Published: March 2019

Allium cepa assay is one of the relevant methods for the cytogenetic analysis. Today modern anti-icing reagents seem to be unstudied in the field of cytogenetics studies. The aim of the experiment is to study the phytotoxic and cytogenetic activity of multi-component anti-icing material using an onion Allium cepa. We researched anti-icing concentrations in the range of from 1 to 100 g/l. The test object was onion «Stuttgarter risen» variety couched in anti-icing solutions during the 72 hours. According to the assessment of phytotoxic effects, there was estimated the number of roots, the length of the longest root and the length of all roots for the every onion plant. The parallel experiment included the phytotoxic research of the same anti-icing using wheat seeds according to method MR 2.1.7.2297-07. Every onion roots were cut away, fixed, painted and pressured for microscopic analysis for the purposes of the cytogenetic research. About 2000 cells were analyzed for each onion. We estimated the number of mitosis per 1000 cells (mitotic index, ‰) and the proportion of cells in each phase of mitosis by the total number of dividing cells (%). For the analysis of cytogenetic damage using micronucleus test that provided the estimation of micronucleus, protrusions, and binuclear cells. An ana-telophase analysis included the estimation of fragments bridges and lagging chromosomes. As a result of analysis of the roots growth, we founded acting concentrations (2; 4; 10 and 100 g/l) and in-acting ones (1.3 and 1). The experiment showed the similar susceptibility of the onion and wheat root response. The mitosis analysis showed that concentrations from 1 to 1.3 g/l increased a mitosis activity and concentration of 10 g/l provided the decline of mitosis. There were no cytogenetic defects in all studied concentrations.
THE SHORTEN LIFE EXPECTANCY IN WORKERS IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT HISTOLOGICAL TYPES OF LUNG CANCER AND ABSORBED DOSE TO LUNGS FROM PLUTONIUM-239
Authors: Telnov Vitaly I. , Tretyakov F. D. , Okatenko P. V.
Published: March 2019

The assessment of the effect of incorporated Plutonium-239 on the life expectancy in Mayak PA employees was executed on the basis of the analysis of the mortality rate and the age of death in relation to different histological types of lung cancer as lungs is one of the main organs of deposition of the nuclide. 2321 male workers of Mayak PA employed in 1948-1958 (1709 deceased and 612 alive) were included in the analysis. For different histological types, the values of the decline of life expectancy (proportion of workers that failed to attain the age of 65 years and potential years of life lost) in Mayak PA workers that had died from lung cancer were assessed in relation to incorporated Plutonium-239. As a result of the study of the reduction in the life expectancy, the increase in the number of workers that failed to attain the age of 65 years and the gain in potential years of life lost in Mayak PA workers that had died from lung cancer with absorbed dose to lungs from Plutonium-239 exceeding 1cGy was observed in relation to all the known histological types of lung cancer such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and other epithelial neoplasms. However, according to the relative risk for changes observed, these effects were three times more clearly marked in the case of adenocarcinoma in comparison to other histological types of lung cancer. Such significant decline in the life expectancy in the case of adenocarcinoma was detected by both the increased mortality rate and a larger amount of untimely deaths i.e. the decreased age of the death. The comprising of life expectancy in the case of squamous cell carcinoma was less significant and was mostly detected relying upon the increased mortality rate and non-reliable trend for untimely deaths. In relation to other types of epithelial cancer, the decline in life expectancy was approximately the same as in the case of squamous cell carcinoma, though in contrast to the latter it was determined due to the increased mortality rate only. The results obtained lay the foundation for the basis for, in the first place, the comparative quantitative assessment of the contribution of increased mortality and untimely death rate to the decline in life expectancy in relation to different histological lung cancer types among Mayak PA workers, and, in the second place, for evaluation of health damage based on person-years of life lost.
PECULIARITIES OF THE REGULATION OF INDICES OF HEMODYNAMICS AND HEART RHYTHM IN YOUNG PEOPLE OF THE CITY OF MAGADAN UNDER SUBMAXIMAL PHYSICAL LOAD
Authors: Averyanova Inessa V. , Vdovenko S. I. , Maksimov A. L.
Published: March 2019

The cardiovascular system is known to be one of the basic physiological systems responsible for the adaptation to the north conditions. To determine its compensatory adjustments as well as to explore the entire body functional state, physical exercises have become to be widely accepted since they enable modeling different kinds of human activities. Among such controlled exercises is bicycle ergometry which provides registering the smallest change in needs of the body organs and systems. The physical capacity of 54 male students, residents of Russia’s northeast was assessed on the base of the modified standard of the PWC170 test. Several cardiovascular, hemodynamic and heart rate indices were recorded before and after the test. Results of the study testify significant adaptation shifts in the cardiovascular system to occur due to the dynamic physical work. Besides, the young male residents of Magadan experienced submaximal physical exercises demonstrate the exhaustion in the body functional reserves. That can be seen in the body hypertonic type of the response to the exercise, in the inability of the pulse response to reach a steady state, in overactive both adrenergic mechanisms and higher suprasegmental structures as well as in inhibition of the autonomic regulation. Accounting for the decreased values of maximal oxygen consumption the examined subjects can be considered as having the low tolerance to the given type of the physical exercise.
VEGETATIVE BALANCE AND VARIABILITY OF HEART RHYTHM IN STUDENTS OF GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN CONDITIONS OF THE MULTICOMPONENT INFLUENCE OF FACTORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Setko N. P. , Bulycheva Ekaterina V. , Valova A. Ya.
Published: March 2019

The establishment of the features of the change in the indices of the functional state of the organism under the influence of the multifactorial environment of children is a complex process since the level of any system is supported by a number of compensatory mechanisms, based on the multiparametric interaction of organs and body systems. In this regard, the search for a “weak link”, which, first of all, undergoes changes in the system of regulatory processes for maintaining homeostasis, is topical. The analysis of data on the variability of cardiac rhythm in children aged 7-10 years exposed to complex effects of intraschool environment factors in accordance with a comprehensive assessment of the learning and upbringing conditions within 670-679.5 points and environmental factors, the total anthropogenic load factor of which was within 10.5 -25.8 units revealed no specific changes in statistical indices of the cardiac rhythm variability due to the inclusion of a complex of compensatory mechanisms, which are the basis for multiparametric interaction of the body’s functional systems aimed at maintaining a certain level of functioning of the cardiovascular system, sufficient to adapt to changing environmental conditions a habitat. The established signs of the autonomic dysfunction in children aged 7-10 years in conditions of the comprehensive influence of the factors of the educational process, learning conditions and the environment can testify to the development of disadaptive reactions in the organism of the schoolchildren under study
ABOUT NEW APPROACHES IN THE ESTIMATION OF THE IMPACT OF DUST ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Authors: Kashuba Nikolay A.
Published: March 2019

Features of the aerodynamics of aerosols in the respiratory tract during respiration are considered. New methodological approaches to the evaluation of the intensity of the exposure to dust on the human respiratory organs are proposed. The difference in the dispersion composition and in the weight concentrations of the inhaled dust from the dust of the working zone air was studied. The dispersed composition and weight concentrations of cotton dust retained by separate parts of the respiratory organs were investigated. The selective ability of separate parts of respiratory organs to detain dust particles of various sizes has been detected. The regularity of the distribution of dust particles of different disperse composition and weight concentrations over separate parts of the respiratory organs is established.
THE SUMMARY ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVALENCE RATE MORBIDITY ON MAIN STATISTICAL INDICES
Authors: Savilov Evgeniy D. , Kolesnikov S. I. , Anganova E. V. , Astafev V. A.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the research is the rationale of expansion of using the basic statistical indices in performing the epidemiological analysis. Methods .All the statistical indices (multiyear index of the prevalence rate, mean square deviation, mean the multiyear pace of the gain in the prevalence rate) are ranged (from minimum to maximum) during the period of the study; аll the indices are added together in the form of a sum of places of the specific index or objects. Generalized coefficient (in percentages) based on the obtained integral indices of the epidemic process does not distort the standard value of mean indices. The similarity of the distributions being compared with dynamic series (which was detected using correlation analysis) attests to this. Conclusion. This approach can be used in scientific research not only to assess the prevalence rate but also for an in-depth assessment and other key epidemiological indices (incidence, mortality and so on), which allow evaluating the state of health or illness when allocating or comparison groups of risk, areas of risk and time of risk.
CLINICAL LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF WOMEN LIVING IN ECOLOGICALLY UNFAVORABLE REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Turdybekova Ya. G. , Kelmyalene A. A. , Kultanov Berikbai Zh.
Published: March 2019

In the area under study, mainly saline and solonetsous territories. The situation negatively affects the offspring of the population living in the region Continuing the work on assessing the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors of the Aral region on the reproductive health of the female population, we compared the reproductive health of women living in five settlements of the Kyzylorda region and two settlements in the Karaganda region. There were observed 686 women in the zone of environmental crisis, 720 women living in the zone of environmental disaster and 388 women living in the Karaganda region in areas bordering the Aral Sea region. The examination was carried out on the basis of an integrated clinical-functional and laboratory examination, taking into account regional and environmental ecological factors. In the Kyzylorda region, there is a delayed onset of menarche occurred in girls older than 16 years (39%), there is a tendency to rejuvenate the age of the onset of menopause. In the Karaganda region, late menarche occurs only in 12% of cases. A third of the examined women suffered from inflammatory diseases of female genital organs in both regions. Perinatal losses, cases of spontaneous interruption and/or undeveloped pregnancies in the anamnesis are repeated many times, in zones of the ecological catastrophe and the environmental crisis there are frequent as one in four women. However, in the Karaganda region, this value figure was almost 3 times less (14%).
INTEGRATED EVALUATION OF THE POLLUTION OF OBJECTS AND INFRASTRUCTURES OF THE REGION OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS WITH EGGS TOXOCARA CANIS (WERNER, 1782)
Authors: Bittirov Anatoly M. , Gazaeva A. A. , Begieva S. A. , Bittirova A. A. , Uyanaeva F. B.
Published: March 2019

The article presents the results of studies on the integrated assessment of the pollution of objects and infrastructure in the North Caucasus region with Toxocara canis eggs (Werner, 1782). The soil and reservoirs of 63 villages and 9 cities of Kabardino-Balkaria are at risk for the contamination by eggs of the causative agent Toxocara Canis (Werner, 1782) and are dangerous for humans and animals. The contamination of soil and water with Toxocara eggs in the North Caucasus region occurs via the chain: “dog-feces-water-soil-agricultural animals and humans”, which causes the activity of the epidemic process of invasion with 80-100% egg contamination. Indices of contamination load with eggs Toxocara Canis (Werner, 1782) of soil from the territory of well-equipped households amounted to 33.0%, not landscaped - 92%, soils in the places of keeping dogs and kitchen gardens -100%. In the soil from the territories of schools and parks, Toxocara Canis eggs (Werner, 1782) were found in 70-96% samples. Toxocara Canis (Werner, 1782), extensive indices of contamination of the soil of agricultural objects accounted for in scrapings from feeders -58%, scrapings from the floor - 93%, soil of courtyards - 100%; water from puddles and water holes - 100%, soils of the territory of cattle-breeding farms 80-100%. In the suburban areas, there is a high level of contamination with eggs of Toxocara Canis (Werner, 1782). Eggs of the nematode Toxocara Canis (Werner, 1782) are found in 80% of soil samples; In 65% of dill samples, 74% of parsley samples, 66% of cilantro samples, 70% of salad samples, 63% of sorrel samples, 37% of the samples of green peas, 44% of tomato samples, 62% of the samples of cabbage, 56% of samples of cucumbers of open ground, when eggs are detected, respectively, 27.6 ± 3.1; 11.8 ± 1.2; 17.2 ± 1.5; 19.0 ± 1.6; 16.7 ± 1.4; 18.3 ± 1.7; 10.5 ± 1.1; 13.2 ± 1.3; 15.4 ± 1.5; 12.7 ± 1.2 specimens in 100 g of the sample. On average, Toxocara Canis eggs (Werner, 1782) were found in 61.7% of the samples from the investigated objects with the presence of 16.24 ± 1.56 specimens per 100 g of sample.
THE PROBLEM OF OCCUPATIONAL HEARING LOSS IN AIRCREWS OF CIVIL AVIATION
Authors: Vilk M. F. , Kaptsov V. A. , Pankova V. B. , Glukhovsky Vladimir D.
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the actual problem of professional hearing loss in members of the flight professions of civil aviation in Russia. The indices of this disease amounted of one-third of the prevalence rate values concerning occupational diseases of the hearing organ among all workers of “noise” professions, are registered with the highest frequency in pilots and aircraft commanders and have no tendency to decrease. As the only occupational disease among the persons of the flight professions of the main airlines of the Russian Federation, the persistent sensorineural hearing loss has not only medical but also socio-economic aspects. It is registered in working-age persons lost their professional aptitude. The main revealed causes of the gain of indices of the hearing loss in professional pilots are: the insufficient qualification of medical workers on the issues of early diagnosis of the negative impact of noise on the hearing organ; the lack of regulated criteria for the diagnosis and examination of the relationship between the hearing loss and the occupation; insufficiently clear algorithms of departmental logistics in the examination of occupational diseases of the hearing organ. The ways of optimization of the problem are shown as follows: the development and implementation of the method of speech perception in the conditions of competing the in-cab noise of the aircraft; objective criteria for decision-making on admission/non-admission to the flight work; adequate assessment of the indices of the in-cab noise and sound pressure arising in the aircraft headset during speech radio exchange; mandatory compliance with the requirements of accounting for the data of the Protocol of acoustic load for the entire period of the flight activity, with the indication of noise-protective characteristics of the used airguns in the implementation of the examination of the communication of the disease of the hearing with the profession.
RESULTS OF THE COMPLEX RISK FACTOR ASSESSMENT FOR THE CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN WORKING POPULATION
Authors: Maksimov Sergey A. , Tabakaev M. V. , Chigisova A. N. , Artamonova G. V.
Published: March 2019

Material and methods. Three groups of men working in Kemerovo region were formed: 694 “white-collar”, 1674 “blue-collar” and 1612 “coal-miners”. To form the comparison group we used data from the Russian research ESSE-RF in the Kemerovo region (700 men). The following cardiovascular risk factors were assessed: hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertension, smoking, and education level. The coronary heart disease (CHD) was diagnosed on the basis of ECG changes on the Minnesota code, Rose questionnaire, and myocardial infarction. According to the frequency of risk factors and their contribution to the probability of developing the coronary heart disease, there was calculated the total burden of CHD risk factors (Maksimov S.A. et al., 2015). Results .The burden of CHD risk factors in the general population up to 51 years accounts for 308 conventional units. There is a variety of risk factors frequency in the working groups, both inside the groups and in comparison with the general population. Consequently, there are differences in values of CHD risk factors burdens. The “blue-collar” burdens of CHD risk factors corresponding to the general population (304 conventional units). In “white-collar” and “miners” this parameter is lower, respectively, 266 and 259 conventional units. After 50 years, the total burden of CHD risk factors in the population increased to 472 conventional units (1.5 times). Differences of this index in the working groups to the general population after 50 years also increased. Conclusion. The working population is characterized by the low total burden of CHD risk factors compared with the general population. After 50 years, these differences increase, which indicates the deterioration of health with age, stimulates the individual to the termination of employment or the ongoing the work as the healthiest individuals. The lowest rates of CHD risk factors burden have been reported in “miners”, the average - in “white collar”, maximum - in “blue-collar”.
THE SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUNDS FOR THE CREATION OF A MICROECOLOGICAL CRYOPRESERVATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES
Authors: Shenderov Boris A. , Yudin S. M. , Shevyreva M. P. , Boyko E. A.
Published: March 2019

Anthropogenic physical, chemical, and biological impacts of objects on living organisms in the environment lead to profound structural and functional disorders primarily in the evolutionary current microbiocenosеs of a human. This is often accompanied by a deterioration in his health, an increase in the risk of infectious, chronic metabolic and mental diseases, which eventually can put a question for not only the preservation on our planet but also the entire existing diversity of living organisms. The development of cryobiotechnology and the creation of cryobanks of different directions is a common global trend in the development of Biological, Medical, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. The advantage of the proposed technique of cryopreservation of symbiotic microbial associations is the storage of the biomaterials taken from the people will be carried out in an atmosphere of liquid nitrogen (-196°C) for the long-term storage. Fundamental and applied research on cryopreservation of microbiota of different human biotopes has a social orientation because they are directly related to human ecology and health of the nation.
ALIMENTARY-DEPENDENT DISEASES OF THE POPULATION AND THE HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTIC OF THE FACTORS OF THE RISK OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Frolova Oksana A. , Tafeeva E. A. , Frolov D. N. , Bocharov E. P.
Published: March 2019

The analysis of data on alimentary-dependent diseases among persons of the working age in the Republic of Tatarstan testifies to their steady growth. The proportion of deaths from diseases in the etiology of which nutrition plays a significant role over the period 2005-2015 was 77.9%. We have identified the main trend of eating behavior in each age group: high protein intake (in 75% of men and 81% of women) and fat (in 59% of women and 67% of men). A normal range of the body mass index (20.0-24.9), was noted in 44.3% of women and 44.7% of men. About 38% of the surveyed men and more than 2/3 of women (63.2%) do not have additional physical activity. As a result of the irrational eating behavior and low physical activity, the number of overweight men increased by 17.5% during the studied period. Only 20% of residents of the Republic of Tatarstan can be considered rational.
THE APPLICATION OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE THRESHOLD CONCENTRATIONS OF THE INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES ON THE SANITARY STATUS OF WATERS
Authors: Pivneva Olga S.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The rapid growth in the production and use of pesticides poses a real risk of the possible contamination of water bodies, which determines the urgency of the improving the methods of hygienic rating of pesticide preparations in water bodies, as well as the search for screening methods for establishing threshold concentrations.The issues of the need to improve the methodological approaches to the hygienic regulation of pesticide products in water of water bodies are considered, the need for further scientific study of this issue is shown. Material and methods. There are presented results of ourselves laboratory studies on the effect of herbicides of the sulfonylurea class on the processes of self-purification of reservoirs according to the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) index. In the work there were used substances of the sulfonylureas derivatives with a multi-directional mechanism of action that exerts both a stimulating and inhibitory effect on the course of processes of the biochemical oxygen consumption. With the use of the formula (Gotovtsev A.V., 2016), the total biochemical oxygen consumption for sulfonylurea derivatives was calculated from the two experimentally measured BOD values. Results. The data of biochemical oxygen consumption for two substances, obtained as a result of experimental studies, are presented. Selected substances have a multi-directional effect on the course of biochemical processes: stimulation - deviation of BOD from the control (%); inhibition - deviation of BOD from the control (%). There was made an estimation of the possible use of the formula for calculating the total biochemical oxygen consumption obtained in the solution of the modified Streeter-Phelps equation system for pesticides of the sulfonylurea class. The formula was applied as a mathematical model for the predictive assessment of the establishment of threshold concentrations of pesticides on the effect on the sanitary regime of water bodies (accordingly to BOD index). Discussion. In the paper, experimental and calculated values of biochemical oxygen consumption were compared, which shows the possibility of using this mathematical method for predicting the effect of pesticidal preparations of this class on the processes of self-purification of water reservoirs. Conclusion. There was shown the possibility of using mathematical modeling methods, in particular, the modified Streeter-Phelps system of equations in the practice of sanitary and hygienic investigations.
EXTRAAURAL EFFECTS IN THE OCCUPATIONAL HEARING LOSS
Authors: Fedina Irina N. , Preobrazhenskaya E. A. , Serebryakov P. V. , Pankova V. B.
Published: March 2019

The article presents scientific evidence showing the role of extraaural manifestations in the course of professional sensorineural hearing loss in workers exposed to industrial noise. The leading place in the structure of concomitant pathology is occupied by circulatory diseases (44-75%), which have an average degree of professional conditionality, among which arterial hypertension dominates. A high percentage of people with high blood pressure is noted among underground miners (46.7%), mechanical engineering workers (45.5%). Diseases of the cardiovascular system potentiate the effect of noise and contribute to the earlier formation and progression of hearing loss, its progredient course, increase the risk of the occupational hearing loss. Changes in indices of central hemodynamics in the course of work can be considered as a universal adaptive response of the body to the exposure of environmental factors. Changes in the indices of the functional state of the cardiovascular system are combined with disorders of lipid metabolism, with an increase in the degree of exertion of regulatory systems and a decrease in the functional reserves of the body as the professional experience increases.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FREQUENCY OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS IN NEWBORNS OF WOMEN RESIDING IN AN INDUSTRIAL REGION WITH THE POLYMORPHISM OF THE GENES OF THE BIOTRANSFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Gulyaeva Olga N. , Kazitskaya A. S. , Alekseeva M. V. , Renge L. V. , Zhukova A. G.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. There is a number of polymorphic genes, the products of which take part in the biotransformation process and possess of the different activity. As a result of an imbalance in the processes of xenobiotic biotransformation, there is occurred an accumulation of toxic electrophilic compounds, the rise in a mutagenic activity, that can be very important in the formation of congenital malformations. Therefore, the study of the association of gene polymorphisms of the first and second phases of biotransformation with various congenital malformations is topical. The aim of the study. To investigate the role of the polymorphism of genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation system (CYP1A2*1F, GSTT1, GSTM1) encoding the enzymes I and II detoxification phases in women with the complicated obstetric history, residing in an industrial region. Material and methods. A survey of 53 women of reproductive age living in the territory of Novokuznetsk was carried out. The comparison group (the control) consisted of 27 women. These women did not have spontaneous miscarriages, and they carried the fetus to term without congenital malformations. The study group included 26 women who gave birth to babies with congenital malformations. Genomic DNA was isolated by the phenol-chloroform extraction method followed by the ethanol precipitation. The molecular and genetic analysis of the gene polymorphism of cytochrome 1A2 (CYP1A2), glutathione S-transferase τ-1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase μ-1 (GSTM1) was carried out using Real-Time mode. Results. A high risk of congenital fetal malformations in women with the A/A CYP1A2*1F genotype and resistance to these pathologies in the presence of a heterozygous form of the gene C/A CYP1A2*1F was revealed. The relationship between the high risk of stillbirth due to the placental insufficiency in women with deletion polymorphism of the gene GSTM1 “-”, while the normal functioning gene GSTM1 “+” was associated with the resistance to antenatal fetal death.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF LOW FLUORINE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE TISSUE LEVEL OF HSP FAMILY PROTEINS
Authors: Zhukova Anna G. , Gorokhova L. G. , Kiseleva A. V. , Sazontova T. G. , Mikhailova N. N.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Fluoride in high concentrations has a toxic effect not only on bone tissue but also on the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. In the implementation of the response to toxic doses of fluorine the proteins of the HSP family are involved regulating intracellular and tissue homeostasis under various stress effects. The toxic effect of high fluorine concentrations the mechanisms of which are disclosed in fluorosis can be realized and at a level significantly lower than a toxic one. In the literature, there is little data on the peculiarities of the effects of low fluorine concentrations at the tissue and cellular levels. The aim of the study. To investigate the impact of low fluorine concentrations on the tissue level of HSP family proteins in the brain and liver of laboratory animals. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on 60 white male rats of the same age weighing 200-250 g. The rats were divided into 2 groups: the control and the group of the animals exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) within 6 weeks (at a concentration of 10 mg/l corresponding to the daily fluorine dose of 1.2 mg/kg per body weight). We determined the level of inducible HSP72 and HSP32 (heme-oxygenase-1) referred to proteins of HSP family (Heat shock proteins), the activity of free radical processes and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase) in the brain and liver tissues. Results. The important role of stress-inducible HSP72 protein in protecting the brain from the damage caused by the prolonged exposure to low fluorine concentrations was shown. In the liver, a protective role against fluoride exposure is played by the protein HSP32 with antioxidant properties. At the tissue level, the prolongation of the terms of the development of chronic fluoride intoxication with low fluorine concentrations was revealed. In the liver appeared to be the highly sensitive organ to the fluorine accumulation, the significant lesion was detected.