bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EASY DATA, USUAL SUSPECTS, SAME OLD PLACES? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF	METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN DIGITAL ACTIVISM RESEARCH BETWEEN 1995-2019
Authors: Ozkula Suay Melisa , Reilly Paul , Hayes Jennifer
Published: October 2020

Burgess and Bruns (2015) have linked the computational turn in social media research to a rise in studies that focus exclusively on ‘easy’ data, such as the ‘low hanging fruit’ provided by Twitter hashtags. This paper set out to explore whether this preponderance of easy data and studies focused on the 2011-12 protests is evident in research between 1995 and 2019 through a systematic review of digital activism literature (N = 1444). A particular focus of the review was the extent to which digital activism research revolved around the use of computational digital methods, case studies based in Europe and North America and data gathered from single online platforms (e.g. Twitter). The review showed that most of these studies focused on social movements, campaigns, activists, and parties based in the United Kingdom and United States, and were conducted by researchers based in universities in these countries. In contrast, there were relatively few articles addressing activism, institutions and platforms in non-Western /Global South contexts with the exception of the Arab Spring in 2011. In terms of methodological approaches, traditional research methods and big data digital methods studies were prevalent. In response to the easy data hypothesis, the study found that Twitter was the most researched platform in the corpus, but that digital methods were not as commonly deployed in these articles as traditional methods. Thus, the paper concludes argues in favor of greater diversity in digital activism research in terms of its methods, participants, and countries of origin.
COMMUNICATING MARKETS: COMPETITION POLICY DISCOURSE AND DIGITAL	PLATFORM POWER
Authors: Popiel Pawel
Published: October 2020

Digital platforms elude legal and regulatory frameworks traditionally used to address market power, speech, and disinformation issues. One of the dominant policy responses to addressing these issues involves reforming competition policy to better manage digital platform markets. This case study examines how stakeholders, including tech giants, their competitors, regulators, and advocacy groups deploy competition policy to address platform power in a series of 2019-2020 U.S. congressional hearings on the subject, with implications for the wider global debate. The article traces the politics underlying these debates, which manifests in variations in stakeholders’ definitions of platform power and their proposed solutions, reflecting tensions over the role of the state in managing markets and in addressing non-economic concerns associated with digital platforms. The article concludes with a consideration of what this politics implies for policy interventions aimed at addressing platform power.
'DATA, CAMERA, ACTION: HOW ALGORITHMS ARE SHAKING UP EUROPEAN SCREEN	PRODUCTION'
Authors: Rasmussen Nina Vindum
Published: October 2020

Films and television series you watch online are watching you back. Algorithms and data analytics are making deeper inroads into film and television production in Europe: Belgian company ScriptBook offers data-driven script analysis and automated story generation, which the company sees as co-authorship between humans and machines. At the same time, data-driven streamers like Netflix and Amazon are investing heavily in local-language content. This paper examines how these developments affect creative labour in the European screen industry. More specifically, it zooms in on the development stage and the experiences of screenwriters, directors, and producers. What do audience data and algorithmic tools add to the creative process? What are the possibilities and limitations? Questions like these call for a robust theoretical and methodological toolbox, which synthesises concepts and methods from media industry studies, critical algorithm studies, and critical data studies. This research project explores the influence of algorithms and data analytics on both a macro-level (changing industry structures) and micro-level (creative practices of screenwriters and producers). The analysis is based on data from three registers: semi-structured interviews with screen workers, ethnographic field observation, and industry trade publications. These empirical data have been gathered online and offline in several European countries. In sum, this paper presents some preliminary observations of European screen production in an algorithmic culture - and how it is perceived by the people who produce the stories that land on our screens.
DISINFORMATION CAMPAIGNS ON TWITTER DURING THE BRAZILIAN 2018	PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
Authors: Recuero Raquel , Soares Felipe , Vinhas Otavio , Zago Gabriela
Published: October 2020

This proposal focuses on discussing the results of two-year study about disinformation in political conversations on Twitter during the 2018 presidential campaign in Brazil. Based on a dataset of over 20 million tweets, we explore the research question: What are the key characteristics of the disinformation campaigns aimed to influence the Brazilian 2018 election through political conversations on Twitter? To discuss this question, we aligned our results with three key aspects of the disinformation campaigns: (a) content strategies; (b) legitimation strategies and (c) spread strategies.
THE RELEVANCE PEOPLE ASSIGN TO ALGORITHMIC-SELECTION APPLICATIONS IN	EVERYDAY LIFE
Authors: Reiss Michael V. , Festic Noemi , Latzer Michael , Rüedy Tanja
Published: October 2020

The fast-growing academic and public attention to algorithmic-selection applications such as search engines and social media is indicative of their alleged great social relevance and impact on daily life in digital societies. To substantiate these claims, this paper investigates the hitherto little explored subjective relevance that Internet users assign to algorithmic-selection applications in everyday life. A representative online survey of Internet users comparatively reveals the relevance that users ascribe to algorithmic-selection applications and to their online and offline alternatives in five selected life domains: political and social orientation, entertainment, commercial transactions, socializing and health. The results show that people assign a relatively low relevance to algorithmic-selection applications compared to offline alternatives across the five life domains. In particular social media are found to be of relatively low assigned relevance for all life domains investigated. The findings vary greatly by age and education. Altogether, such outcomes complement and qualify assessments of the social impact of algorithms that are primarily and often solely based on usage data and theoretical considerations.
MAPPING VALUE(S) IN AI: THE CASE OF YOUTUBE
Authors: Rieder Bernhard , Gordon Geoff , Sileno Giovanni
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a multidisciplinary approach (media studies, computer science, and legal scholarship) for the analysis of systems that rely on AI components as central components of their design. Taking recommender systems more generally and the one built by YouTube more specifically, we develop a methodology for conceptualizing and studying the broad array of “ideas”, “norms”, or “values” such systems mobilize. Instead of limiting ourselves to a narrow understanding of these terms, we take into account, for example, translations from economic models, social theories, legal requirements, ethical principles, technical knowledge, experiential evaluations, or other constructs used to define and justify design goals and decisions that shape the production of technical objects and, consequently, the object themselves. In this paper we discuss three directions for analysis and present first results. Investigating technical knowledge includes the study of scholarly literature and experimentation with concrete objects such as LensKit for Python to understand the “ambient” knowledge and normativity engineers and designers draw on. Investigating local circumstances involves ethnographic analysis, but also the reconstruction of the business models and legal environment that weigh on YouTube’s design. Analyzing a system in use can draw on technical observation, via scraping or API data, of the actual dynamics of recommendation that emerge when users enter into the equation. Taken together, these three approaches can “encircle” the various moments where value(s) are shaped and put into work in the context of systems where direct access to specifications is improbable.
FROM ONLINE ENGAGEMENT TO OFFLINE ACTIONS: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF	CANCER (MIS)INFORMATION ENGAGEMENT AMONG LATINO FACEBOOK USERS
Authors: Rivera Yonaira M
Published: October 2020

Latinos in the U.S. face a high burden of cancer, making it important to deliver evidence-based cancer prevention and screening information (CPSI) on social media to this group. However, there is a dearth in scholarship exploring how Latinos engage with and act upon cancer (mis)information encountered on social media. Cultural values may influence how Latinos engage with multi-lingual CPSI shared on Facebook. This study sought to understand how and why U.S. Latinos engage with and act upon CPSI on Facebook. During one-on-one, in-depth interviews, participants (n=20) logged onto their Facebook account alongside the researcher, typed “cancer” in the search bar, and discussed CPSI they engaged with during the past 12 months. Engagement prompted questions regarding the reasons for engagement and further action. Computer screen and audio were recorded. Interviews were analyzed thematically; CPSI was analyzed via content analysis. Participants mainly engaged with CPSI by viewing/reading content. Engagement was most common when individuals had personal relationships to the poster, when posts included videos/images, and when information promoted popular Latin American foods. Engagement often led to varying levels of action, both online and offline. Not all decisions were evidence-based, and some were potentially harmful (e.g. canceling mammogram after engaging with misinformation). Findings highlight the complex and interrelated ways in which cultural values, source factors and message factors contribute to engagement with health content on social media, which may lead individuals to bypass evidence-based procedures in favor of unproven approaches. Specific interdisciplinary recommendations to address these issues will be discussed.
“YOU EITHER LOVE IT IMMEDIATELY, OR YOU HATE IT” REFLECTIONS AND	EXPERIENCES OF ESTONIAN EMPLOYEES WITH MICROCHIP IMPLANTS
Authors: Siibak Andra , Otsus Marleen
Published: October 2020

Although employers around the world (e.g. USA, Mexico, Sweden, Belgium, Estonia) have started to implant employees with microchips (Esfola, 2018; Petersen 2019), there is still not enough empirical insights about the opportunities and risks microchipped employees associate with the technology. Semi-structured individual interviews with microchipped employees (n=14) from six different organizations in Estonia were carried out in autumn 2019 so as to contribute new knowledge in this realm and to explore the reasoning of employees with implantables for accepting microchip implants from their employers and the potential benefits and problems they associate with the technology. Relying on the diffusion of innovations theory (DOI) by Everett Rogers (1962 [2003]) the current presentation aims to trace the five steps of the innovation-decision process our interviewed employees underwent when adopting to microchip implants. Preliminary findings indicate that micro-chipped employees are technology enthusiasts who are eager to embrace various technological affordances and have a lot of faith and trust both in the organization they work for. In fact, they were totally unconcerned about the potential problems microchips could pose and wholeheartedly believed in the value of trade-off between convenience and privacy.
"MAY THE SHAME BE WITH YOU. ALWAYS." MITIGATING YOUNG PEOPLE'S	INTIMATE EXCHANGES ONLINE
Authors: Spišák Sanna
Published: October 2020

Cultural anxiety about the impact of young people's intimate exchanges online has increased over the past 15 years. Sexual media and 'digital intimacies' are routinely understood to be a source of harm and adverse outcomes. This paper engages with Finland's National Bureau of Investigation's  $2  video campaign, the Police of Finland's public announcements on 'teen sexting' between 2017–2019 and young Finns responses to such educational efforts by using data from  $2  study that is a part of a more significant research project on intimacy in data-driven culture in Finland.  My research interest lies with some of the disconnections between current educational and policy discourses addressing young people's participation in digital cultures, and the lived experiences of young Finns. By asking from a focus-group of young Finns aged 15–19-years-old how they and their peers experience digital intimacy and their perceptions of the benefits, possible risks and harms, mitigations and solutions, I can draw a more ethical yet a complex picture of young people's engagement with digital intimacies.  I call for a focus on the political, ethical and material implications of such educational efforts and policy responses that premises on digital abstinence to critically reflect on the question of young people's (sexual) rights in digital environments. The University of Turku ethics board has approved the research design and the uses of all the research datasets.
SEARCHING FOR TASKS: TASK-ORIENTATION AND THE PROCESSUALITY OF DIGITAL	SKILLS
Authors: Stewart Nicole , Lesage Frederik
Published: October 2020

Skills are not “out there” to be learned but develop through their enactment in situ. Rather than defining skills using a tool- or media-driven approach, we understand skills as situated, embodied processes known as ‘task-orientation’. Coined by Tim Ingold (2011, p. 195) this term refers to “any practical operation, carried out by a skilled agent in an environment as part of his or her normal business of life”. Part of this approach entails taking a holistic, narrative approach to investigating everyday life (Ingold, 2000; 2006; 2011) which some scholars have applied to digital media use (Moores 2017; Sumartojo et al. 2016; Pink 2016, 2015; Pink & Leder Mackley 2013; Pink 2011). We believe task-orientation offers a flexible way to define tasks performed online and offline encompassing three interrelated themes: 1) the processional quality of tool use; 2) the synergy of practitioner, tool, and material; and, 3) the coupling of perception and action. Our focus for this project is an investigation into how people perform unfamiliar tasks with digital media using the four processional phases. Unfamiliar tasks are an inherent part of our digitally-mediated everyday life to the extent that we have learned to ‘cope’ (see Sigaut 1994; see Ingold, 2000, p. 332; see also Nicolosi & Falsaperna, 2015, p. 71) with them — making them, in turn, one of our most ubiquitous and essential digital skills.
CHALLENGING SPATIAL MARGINALIZATION THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA	COMMUNICATION? A CASE STUDY OF THE TWITTER DISCOURSE ON HOUSING IN BERLIN
Authors: Stoltenberg Daniela
Published: October 2020

Urban public life has historically and famously been structured by social stratification and a segregation of social milieus. Such spatialized social inequality along the lines of, most importantly, class, age, and ethnicity engenders unequal access to civic participation and supportive social networks. Meanwhile, the Internet and Web 2.0 technologies in particular have often been hailed for their potential of bringing underrepresented voices into the public discourse and even creating so-called “networked counterpublics”, challenging social power structures. This contribution seeks to address the question of whether social media communication about urban issues challenges or reproduces patterns of spatial inequality in its attention distribution. Empirically, it investigates the distribution of place-naming within the Berlin-based Twitter discourse on housing. It finds that - while issue attention in the urban Twitter discourse is clearly spatially unequal, with a striking imbalance between center and periphery - neither sociodemographic composition nor issue characteristics perform well in explaining these patterns. Instead it proposes focusing more on local civic and activist infrastructure in future research.
DIGITAL GENDER DISIDENTIFICATIONS: QUEER MIGRANTS AND TRANSNATIONAL	CULTURES OF GENDER DIVERSITY
Authors: Szulc Lukasz
Published: October 2020

The twenty-first century has observed the emergence of new practices of gender diversity, which eschew rigid gender binary and proliferate new gender labels, including “nonbinary,” “genderfluid,” and “agender.” Digital media have played a crucial role in this process as the new labels often originate in online social networks. Academic discussions on digital gender diversity suggest that the new labels either resist or reproduce the dominant gender ideology. I contribute to these discussions by challenging the dichotomy of subversion versus hegemony and demonstrating a wide spectrum of digital practices of gender diversity. Drawing on six interviews with gender-diverse migrants and building on the concept of disidentification, I update the concept to the increasingly digital societies and emerging gender diversity, challenge the dichotomous thinking about digital gender diversity, and stress the importance of mediated and cultural contexts for understanding how new gender labels are being enacted in everyday life.
WHAT DO YOU WEIGH? POPULAR FEMINISM AND BODY POSITIVITY AS MEDIATED	DISEMBODIMENT
Authors: Taylor Hannah , Meisner Colten
Published: October 2020

This study analyzes the Instagram page, @i_weigh, and its relation to body positivity discourses. Drawing on a visual discourse analysis of 300 Instagram posts from the @i_weigh account, this study suggests that body positivity movements may be increasingly disembodied in a self-representational era hallmarked by popular feminism. On 16 March 2018, actress and activist Jameela Jamil posted a photo to Instagram, obscuring her body with textual identifiers like “great friends” and “I laugh every day.” This post marked the launch of the Instagram account @i_weigh. This page, founded and maintained by Jamil, posts submissions from Instagram users answering the call to “weigh” themselves beyond the corporeal. This movement, now millions in reach, signals a departure from the conventions of body positivity. Rather than discovering empowerment through the body, @i_weigh encourages its participants to publicly privilege external relationships, social identities, and economic opportunities in an effort to look past the body. @i_weigh discursively constructs a mediated disembodiment, characterized by its liminal visual representation and categorization of the self through narratives of resilience and strength, claiming marginalized identities, and extra-self connection. The interaction of liminality and mediated disembodiment is reflective of self-representation in an age of popular feminism, placing the responsibility back on women for their own empowerment and production of selfhood while ignoring the socio-cultural frameworks that create a need for empowerment in the first place.
FNCKING WITH WHITE FRAMES: TEEJAYX6 SCAM RAPS THE DIGITAL
Authors: Tynes Robert , Pearl Alex
Published: October 2020

Teejayx6 is a scam rapper from Detroit who puts to shame the notion that the internet is a cyberspace frontier where you can be all you wanna be. Instead, he presents it as a rich field to be harvested, and through his music provides insights about race and the internet. Ever since Kolko et al. (2000) published $2 , internet studies has tried to tease out how race plays out on the internet. But, as scholar Jessie Daniels (2012) shows, the field has come up way short. Maybe that’s because academics are too focused on what’s going on “in there” with race. There’s too much of a focus on the traditional analyses of representations of blackness, or of browness, or of yellowness. Instead, in line with Daniels (2012) urgings, we should be figuring out how whiteness is embedded, so deeply, in the internet. And so, we ask: What does Teejayx6’s scam rap, and the the scam rap of his predecessors, tell us about whiteness and the internet? Teejayx6 lyrics and online interviews help expose whiteness mythologies entrenched in internet discourse. We see how the open frontier of cyberspace masks territorialization; how identity fluidity is more of an elite fantasy than a pluralistic fact; and, how the promise of leisure and prosperity is false consciousness at best.
REQUIREMENTS AND DESIDERATA FOR THE SCHOLARY USE OF WEB	ARCHIVES
Authors: Vlassenroot Eveline Maria Florentina , Chambers Sally , Geeraert Friedel , Mechant Peter
Published: October 2020

The web and online information has become of utmost importance. However, the short lifespan of online data (with 40% of content being removed after 1 year) poses serious challenges for preserving and safeguarding digital heritage and information. Hence, web or media historians, sociologists or digital scholars must learn to "dig" in online sources such as the Internet Archive or national web archives in order to find relevant research material. In this paper, we explore the requirements of researchers working with web archives and outline how they perceive the limitations and possibilities of using the archived web as a data resource, using survey data (n=154). We asked researchers with and without experience in working with web archives for, amongst others, the search functionalities and selection and access criteria they require. Given that archived web content is relatively new research material, new skills need to be acquired to work with this content which is not something evident or something every researcher is willing to do. Yakel & Thores (2003) point to three distinct forms of knowledge required to work effectively with these sources: (i) domain (subject) knowledge, (ii) artifactual literacy, and their own concept of (iii) archival intelligence. In addition to arriving at significant findings that demonstrate the relationship between researcher’s domain (subject) knowledge, archival intelligence and use frequency of web archives, this study discusses the limitations of using the archived web as a data resource and concludes with actions to overcome these hurdles and fulfill the desiderata of scholars.
THE POLITICS OF INTERNET FREEDOM RANKINGS: A CALL FOR A COMPARATIVE	FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING INTERNET FREEDOM
Authors: Wijermars Mariëlle , Lokot Tetyana
Published: October 2020

This paper critically assesses current regimes of internet governance and the role of internet freedom rankings therein. In particular, it aims to initiate a debate ultimately leading to the development of a ground-breaking comparative framework for assessing internet policy, departing from the assumption that current frameworks for measuring internet freedom are predicated too strictly on the dichotomy of democracy/non-democracy. Most stakeholders involved in benchmarking internet freedom approach it from a Western-leaning perspective that uncritically assumes that democracy-related practices are embedded in the very origins of the internet and therefore, the levels of democratisation can serve as valid indicators of internet freedom. As a result, these frameworks lack $2 when applied to invasive policies and public administration practices implemented in democracies, while lacking $2 when applied to policies and practices in non-democracies. The conceptualization and operationalization of the concept of internet freedom that underlies internet freedom rankings is of particular importance since the promotion of internet freedom is an integral part of foreign policy and rankings serve as a source of information and justification for prioritizing funding and efforts. Rankings can also impact states’ reputations, serve as advocacy tools in public diplomacy, but also impede justified criticism aimed at states who score well on key indicators. Through this intervention piece, we aim to initiate debate on developing an alternative framework for assessing internet policy. Shifting attention away from the singular focus on regime kind and politics enables us to develop a more complex system of coordinates for assessment.
QUEER MATERIALITIES AND INSTAGRAM LIVE INTERVIEWING: COMMUNITY	ENTANGLEMENTS
Authors: Willcox Marissa Grace , Hickey-Moody Anna Catherine
Published: October 2020

Digital community making through a live entanglement of the self and social media, offers up new pathways for thinking through human and nonhuman divides. Queer activism and feminist art on Instagram has made way for a reframing of what constitutes a ‘digital community’ (boyd 2011, Baym 2015, Oakley 2018). This paper thinks through the materiality of this feminist activist art community through the method of ‘Instagram live interviewing’. Drawing from a larger project that aims to understand the ways activist art practice on Instagram subverts heterosexual norms and patriarchal representation, we argue that the ‘live’ nature (Back, 2012) of the Instagram live interview (Hickey-Moody and Willcox, 2019) mobilizes a new type of queer materiality. By applying Karen Barad’s (2007) feminist new materialist theory of ‘intra-action’ to Rosi Braidotti's thinking about posthuman experience as intra-acting with aspects of the world that she classifys as non-human (2013), we reconceptualize some of the literature around digital community making to account for the needs of those often left out of heteronormative and mainstream narratives. This entanglement of liveness and intra-action in our methodology explores the feeling of ‘community’ as being a feeling that is central to human subjectivity and experience. Through a lens of queer materiality, we suggest that community can therefore be produced by more-than-human assemblages, and argue that a more nuanced account of digital community making which accounts for live Instagram intra-actions, and human to nonhuman relationality is needed.
DIGITAL STRESS IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Authors: Wimmer Jeffrey , Waldenburger Lisa
Published: October 2020

In our paper we want to explore inductively the perceived characteristics and forms of digital stress in people's everyday life. How do they describe digital stress, is it different from other forms of stress and how does digital stress express itself? The focus is not genuinely on the topic of digital stress, but on the attempt to make this phenomenon empirically tangible and to link it to concepts of digital wellbeing. If everyday discourses are primarily concerned with new possibilities or negative implications associated with the use of digital technologies and media, we would like to turn to a more holistic perspective which builds on subjective perceptions as well as practices. This ensures not only that the ambivalent potential of digital media is taken into account, but also that the media repertoire of the users is considered in its full complexity
IMAGES OF POST-MASTECTOMY SCARRING ON INSTAGRAM: AN EVALUATION OF	CONTENT MODERATION AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: Witt Alice E A , Rivera Yonaira M
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the results of a pilot study examining the moderation of images depicting post-mastectomy scaring on Instagram by skin tone darkness and the presence or absence of tattoos. It focuses on Instagram given widespread concerns that images of women’s bodies are arbitrarily moderated on the platform, and on depictions of post-mastectomy scarring, one of few explicitly allowed categories of content on Instagram, because mastectomies have important ramifications for women’s self-image and identity worldwide. After using an input/output method of black box analytics, in conjunction with content analysis, preliminary data show potential false positives (n = 31/74 images). While these results are not statistically significant, there is a strong argument for further in-depth investigation as there appears to be differences in removal rates by presence of tattoos and by skin tone darkness. Specifically, a logistic regression suggests that the odds of an image being removed increase by a factor of 1.21 for every unit increase in skin tone darkness. Potential arbitrariness is concerning in this context for many reasons, including that content takedowns can have negative effects on the well-being of women seeking to share their experiences with, or learn from the experiences of, others who have undergone mastectomies. This research ultimately aims to make valuable contributions to the growing body of literature on the moderation of female forms on Instagram and contribute to ongoing debates around the transparency and accountability of platform governance more broadly.
ETHICAL REVIEW BOARDS AND PERVASIVE DATA RESEARCH: GAPS AND	OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Zimmer Michael , Chapman Edward
Published: October 2020

The growing prevalence of data-rich networked information technologies—such as social media platforms, smartphones, wearable devices, and the internet of things —brings an increase in the flow of rich, deep, and often identifiable personal information available for researchers. More than just “big data,” these datasets reflect people’s lives and activities, bridge multiple dimensions of a person’s life, and are often collected, aggregated, exchanged, and mined without them knowing. We call this data “pervasive data,” and the increased scale, scope, speed, and depth of pervasive data available to researchers require that we confront the ethical frameworks that guide such research activities. Multiple stakeholders are embroiled in the challenges of research ethics in pervasive data research: researchers struggle with questions of privacy and consent, user communities may not even be aware of the widespread harvesting of their data for scientific study, platforms are increasingly restricting researcher’s access to data over fears of privacy and security, and ethical review boards face increasing difficulties in properly considering the complexities of research protocols relying on user data collected online. The results presented in this paper expand our understanding of how ethical review board members think about pervasive data research. It provides insights into how IRB professionals make decisions about the use of pervasive data in cases not obviously covered by traditional research ethics guidelines, and points to challenges for IRBs when reviewing research protocols relying on pervasive data.
Assessment of the intake of selected minerals in population of premenopausal women based on specific socio-demographic indicators
Authors: Jančichová Kristí­na , Habánová Marta , Mrázová Jana , Gažarová Martina , Kopčeková Jana
Published: October 2020

Eating behavior interventions are a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to monitor the intake of selected minerals – calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, selenium, and chromium in the diet of premenopausal women (n = 30) and to highlight the possible adverse effects of disbalanced intake of these elements. At the same time, we investigated whether socio-demographic factors and choice of food store have an impact on the intake of these substances. We assessed the intake of selected minerals using three-day nutritional protocols and subsequently processed the data. The participants were women between 40 and 50 years old, from districts of Partizánske and Prievidza, for whom menopause has not yet begun. Women provided information about their place of residence (urban or rural area), type of home they live in (family house or apartment), and the type of food store where they grocery shop. The results indicate an impact of the place of residence: higher intake of zinc (p = 0.012) and selenium (p = 0.020) were observed in the participants from the urban area. The impact of the type of home was proven on the intake of chromium (p = 0.049), copper (p = 0.048), and carbohydrates (p = 0.021) with higher intake in the apartment-dwelling group. The impact of food store choice has not been confirmed. Based on the observed values, we conclude that the observed population might be at a higher risk of skeletal disorders and osteoporosis due to deficient calcium intake and the unfavorable ratio of Ca:P; increased Zn and Se intake levels may stimulate the development of cardiovascular risk factors and may also elevate the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Preparation of protein products from collagen-rich poultry tissues
Authors: Polaští­ková Aneta , Gál Robert , Mokrejš Pavel , Orsavová Jana
Published: October 2020

Chicken stomachs are by-products obtained from the poultry processing in slaughterhouses. Their amount has been gradually increasing as a consequence of a continually rising poultry consumption. Since these animal tissues are still rich in proteins, mainly collagen, fat, and minerals, it is essential and beneficial to investigate the appropriate management and further processing. Collagen could be extracted from chicken stomachs and used as a raw material in the food, cosmetic, medical, and also pharmaceutical industry. This paper is to investigate possibilities of such extraction of collagen products, gelatines, or alternatively hydrolysates, from chicken stomachs after prior biotechnological treatment with the proteolytic enzyme Protamex. In this experiment, non-collagenous proteins were removed from stomachs using 0.03 M NaOH and 0.2 M NaCl. Subsequently, the tissue was defatted applying acetone and the enzyme Lipolase. Purified and dried collagen was then treated with the proteolytic enzyme Protamex. In the last step, gelatine was extracted from the tissue in hot water. The influence of selected processing parameters on the extraction efficiency and final product quality was monitored. The extraction conditions included the amount of the added enzyme (0.1 – 0.4%) and the extraction temperature of between 60 and 65 °C. The total gelatine yield ranged from 43.80 to 96.45% and the gel strength varied from 2 ±0 to 429 ±8 Bloom. The enzymatic treatment of the raw material is an economical and ecological alternative to traditional acid or alkaline treatments. Extracted gelatine with the gel strength of 100 – 300 Bloom would be suitable for the applications in the food industry in the production of confectionery, marshmallow, aspic or dairy products.
Frequency, Risk Factors, Clinical Course, and Effect on Mortality of Acute Kidney Injury in Newborns
Authors: Arslan Gazi , Yıldız Gizem
Published: October 2020

Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period, despite recent improvements on perinatal care. In this study, the frequency, etiological causes, clinical characteristics, and mortality of newborns with AKI in a tertiary neonatal intensive unit (NICU) were investigated.
Methods: Medical records of newborns admitted between 2007 and 2011 were evaluated and patients who developed AKI in the first 28 days of life were determined. Clinical characteristics, primary cause, mortality, and highest creatinine of newborns with AKI were recorded.
Results: It was determined that 94 of 677 (13.9%) patients (80% of them in the first seven days of life) developed AKI. Hypovolemia, birth asphyxia, congenital heart disease, sepsis, and genitourinary system (GUS) anomalies were found to be the most frequent causes of AKI. The incidence of AKI and mortality rates were higher in patients with gestational age under 28 week and birth weight under 1000 g. Mortality tends to rise in the presence of AKI regardless of the underlying disease, but this was statistically significant only for sepsis and cardiac disease. The presence of AKI increases length of stay and, the creatinine level was found to be lower in those who survived.
Conclusion: AKI is still an important morbidity in patients treated in NICU despite improvement on perinatal care. Low birth weight, prematurity, birth asphyxia, sepsis, hypovolemia, cardiac diseases, and GUS anomalies were common causes and mortality increases in patients with AKI regardless of gestational age, birth weight, and underlying etiology.
The Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Pain Severity in Children with Migraine
Authors: Güngör Olcay , Güngör Şükrü , Acıpayam Can
Published: October 2020

Objective: Migraine is a primary episodic headache disorder accompanied by neurological, gastrointestinal and autonomic changes. The aim of this study is to compare vitamin D levels with headache severity in patients with migraine.
Methods: A total of 108 children diagnosed with migraine were evaluated. We measured Vitamin D levels and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Serum vitamin D was defined as <12 ng / ml insufficiency. Serum vitamin D was defined as deficiency in those with 12 - 30 ng / ml. Serum vitamin D was defined as normal in those with> 30 ng / ml. The severity of the headache was assessed according to the Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS).
Results: The mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 levels of migraine patients was 16.6 ± 5.9 ng/ml. As the level of Vitamin D decreased, so the severity of the headache increased, with a higher MIDAS score (p<0.05). No relationship was determined between the MIDAS score and levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (p>0.05).
Conclusion: When vitamin D levels are reduced in children with migraine, this can cause an increase in the severity of headache.
Food Allergy in Childhood
Authors: Sönmez-Ajtai Sibel
Published: October 2020

Food allergy (FA) is a common and increasing problem globally and often co-exist with other atopic diseases. Trigger foods differ according to country and ethnic origin. Some FAs are more likely to resolve but some continue lifelong. Teenagers carry the highest risk of fatal anaphylaxis. The main diagnostic tool is allergy focused clinical and diet history, and further supportive allergy tests must be guided by clinical history. Current management consists of strict avoidance of trigger food(s). Management of allergic reactions with regular clinical re-assessment is essential to educate, support, and determine if the condition is resolving by time. Research on FA treatments and prevention is ongoing.
“An Accurate Picture of What Never Occurred”: Notes on Edmond O'Neill (d. 1862)
Authors: Hayes Richard , Cronin Kieran
Published: October 2020

While there is no doubting the autobiographical element in O'Neill's plays, and in particular Long Day's Journey Into Night, it is important to recognize that O'Neill did not draw on his and his family's life without modification. The manner in which he curated his family's history is examined here with reference to Edmond O'Neill, Eugene O'Neill's paternal grandfather. Edmond, if we are to read the play at face value, abandoned his family in answer to a summons from his ancestors and died in Ireland in mysterious circumstances, possibly by suicide. We show here that these are not the facts in the life of Edmond O'Neill and illuminate some aspects of Eugene O'Neill's approach in examining the difference between the facts and the fictional representation of them in the play.
Tinitus (Acúfeno) en la población adulta nicaragüense
Authors: Pineda Gea Fernanda
Published: October 2020

El tinnitus (acúfeno) es descrito por el paciente como “zumbido” o “silbido” “pitido” dentro del oído, los cuales se producen sin que exista fuente sonora externa que lo origine, su prevalencia real es difícil de precisar sobre todo en nuestro medio ya que la mayoría de la población que acude al hospital acude por otras causas otológicas y audiológicas. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en describir el perfil epidemiológico y clínico del tinnitus en la población nicaragüense de 25 a 65 años de edad atendidos en la consulta externa por el servicio de otorrinolaringología en el Hospital Antonio Lenín Fonseca durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2018. Para ello se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se revisaron 312 expedientes clínicos de pacientes diagnosticados con patologías del oído de los cuales 15 tenían diagnóstico de tinnitus asociada o no a otras patologías otológicas; Se empleó una técnica de muestreo probabilística sistemática. La información fue recolectada haciendo uso de una ficha de recolección de datos, la cual fue validada mediante una prueba piloto, para ello se revisaron 35 expedientes clínicos. El procesamiento estadístico de las variables: edad, sexo, tratamiento farmacológico y pruebas diagnósticas, se llevó a cabo haciendo uso del programa informático IBM-SPSS® versión 25.0 para Windows 7 de 32 bits, utilizando un análisis descriptivo, expresado en frecuencia y porcentajes. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados, el 4.8% de los pacientes con patologías del oído presentó tinnitus; el sexo femenino se vio afectado en el 3.2%, la edad mayormente afectada fue la comprendida entre 51 – 59 años, los pacientes con diagnóstico único de tinnitus no recibieron ningún fármaco, fueron diagnosticados mediante otoscopía y audiometría. El tinnitus persistente representó el 4.8 % de los hallazgos clínicos presentes en la segunda reevaluación del paciente diagnosticados con patologías del oído y un 3.8 % estaba relacionado con hipoacusia persistente. Concluimos que el tinnitus prevaleció en el 4.8% del grupo poblacional estudiado y supuso el 0.4% de los diagnósticos en la población que acude a consulta por afectación otológica.
Existências em transfiguração: olhares sobre a vadiagem e vidas transgressoras
Authors: Poreli Rodrigo , Giannattasio Gabriel
Published: October 2020

Este artigo procura investigar e reinterpretar sujeitos singulares que atuaram contra o seu tempo, contra os costumes e a moral de sua época. As formas outras de readaptação ao mundo e encarar a vida através de novas possibilidades, constituem alguns atos e expressões de transgressão praticados por tais sujeitos. Dá-se destaque à figura do vadio, pois entendemos que sua vida está em constante transformação e renovação. Seu vaguear é uma criação e transfiguração da sua própria existência.
A Força Expedicionária Brasileira: um olhar à esquerda (1942-1952).
Authors: Pimentel Carlos Henrique Lopes
Published: October 2020

Resumo da Dissertação (Mestrado em História Social) - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 2012.
La nación representada en los héroes. Las estrategias de legitimidad de las dictaduras de Brasil (1964-1985) y Argentina (1976-1983): visiones del tiempo y ejercicio del poder
Authors: Lederman Florencia , Giordano Verónica
Published: October 2020

Este artigo analisa como as ditaduras se apropriaram dos heróis nacionais. Por terem sido os protagonistas dos momentos de fundação da nação, foram amplamente assumidos pelos regimes de fato. Em ambos os países houve comemorações significativas dos heróis da emancipação. No Brasil, Tiradentes e o 180º aniversário de sua morte em 1972, que também coincidiu com o sesquicentenário da Independência e, na Argentina, San Martín e o bicentenário de seu nascimento em 1978. Na comparação entre os casos, uma clara diferença na visão do tempo: o Brasil projetou a nação em um futuro de grandeza e a Argentina evocou o passado glorificado. No apelo aos heróis, evidencia-se essa visão do tempo e sua aplicação à lógica de exercício do poder das ditaduras corporificadas no binômio amigo / inimigo. Mas novamente existem diferenças entre os casos: a lógica da negociação no Brasil e a lógica da negação na Argentina.
Therapeutic Ride: Health Service Evaluation and Satisfaction of Patients and Their Caregivers
Authors: Nascimento Pinho Jéssica do , Pinheiro Edivania Anacleto , Ferreira Cristiane Munaretto , de Vasconcelos-Pereira Erica Freire , Contin Tatiane , de Oliveira Vanessa Marcon , de Matos Vanessa Terezinha Gubert
Published: October 2020

Objective: To evaluate the health service and the satisfaction of patients and their caregivers in relation to the therapeutic ride, in Integrated Continuous Care. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study, conducted between January 2017 and January 2018, using a specific form for data collection and interview conducted before hospital discharge. Results: The study included 23 patients and 27 caregivers. Regarding the evaluation of the service related to the therapeutic ride, 95.6% (22/23) of the patients and 70.4% (19/27) of the caregivers confirmed that they understood the objectives of this practice. The duration of the therapeutic ride was considered sufficient by 69.6% (16/23) of patients and 70.4% (19/27) of caregivers. Most patients (52.2%) and caregivers (70.4%) declared to be very satisfied with the result of the therapeutic ride. Conclusion: The therapeutic ride demonstrates its differential aspect by adding training, contributing greatly to the safe transition from the hospital to the home.
THE PRINCIPLE OF THE GOOD OF THE FAMILY CONTRA THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE EDUCATIONAL VOUCHER
Authors: Krawiec Grzegorz
Published: October 2020

The work presents the issue of an educational voucher - benefits that can be granted by the commune council as one of the forms of assistance for the family. In one of the communes such a voucher has been established. However, it was intended only for families based on marriage. This standpoint was criticized by the Polish Ombudsman. He pointed out that such a solution constitutes a violation of the principle of equality. It would seem that between the principle of the good of the family and the principle of equality, there is no contradiction and they can be reconciled. And indeed, in many areas, the principles do not interfere with each other, and when applied correctly, they can contribute to the real assurance of the good of the family
THE PROBLEM OF PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTIONS IN 2018
Authors: Papis Wojciech
Published: October 2020

This article is intended by the author as an attempt to review and assess the adaptation of the provisions of broadly defined electoral law in terms of its adaptation and the effectiveness of personal data protection. The author indicates in this study how extensive the scope of personal data collected in the electoral process is, and also how many data processing operations are performed on the data collected during this process. It rises and indicates imperfections of regulations – more accurately, consisting in their imprecision, which may result in a decrease in the effectiveness of actions aimed at protecting personal data of both voters and candidates in elections.
COMPLAINT ON THE BAILIFF’S ACTIVITIES AS A MEANS OF PROTECTION IN THE COURSE OF ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Śladkowski Mariusz
Published: October 2020

The purpose of judicial enforcement civil proceedings is to enforce enforceable rights established or established in investigative proceedings. Therefore, the optimal solution would be if the necessity of its initiation appeared as seldom as possibile. Unfortunately, the period of fluctuations in the global economy, affecting the economic situation in Poland, punishes with special attention towards those institutions of enforcement proceedings whose task is to enable the forced execution of obligations. One of the most important institutions of civil enforcement proceedings is a complaint about the bailiff’s action. The method of shaping its legal nature requires the legislator to maintain a certain balance between providing due protection to both parties to
enforcement proceedings, i.e. both the creditor and the debtor. The necessity to protect the latter is obvious to the public, which results from the considerable powers of the bailiff in the course of execution. From the viewpoint, however, one cannot lose the interest of the creditor, who has the
full right to expect from the rule of law, appropriate assistance in the efficient and possibly quick recovery of claims covered by the relevant writ of execution.