bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Karya Cipta Pertunjukan Wayang Perjuangan Sebagai Penguatan Pendidikan Bela Negara
Authors: Sunardi . , Kuwato . , Sudarsono .
Published: May 2018

Tulisan ini mengungkap tentang pertunjukan wayang perjuangan sebagai penguatan pendidikan bela negara bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Dua persoalan penting yang dibahas yakni: (1) bentuk karya cipta pertunjukan wayang perjuangan; dan (2) fungsi pertunjukan wayang perjuangan bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Bentuk karya cipta pertunjukan wayang perjuangan dikaji dengan konsep estetika wayang, adapun fungsi pertunjukan dikupas dengan teori fungsi kesenian. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa karya cipta pertunjukan wayang perjuangan dibangun berdasarkan beberapa unsur, di antaranya seniman, garap lakon wayang, dan boneka wayang. Pada sisi lain, pertunjukan wayang perjuangan memiliki fungsi sebagai penguatan pendidikan bela negara bagi masyarakat Indonesia.This paper reveals the wayang perjuangan performances as the strengthening of state defense education for the people of Indonesia. Two important issues are discussed, namely: (1) the form of wayang perjuangan performance; and (2) the function of wayang perjuangan for the Indonesian people. The form of wayang perjuangan studied with the aesthetic concept of wayang, while the performance function is analyzed with the theory of art function. The results of the discussion show that the works of wayang perjuangan are built based on several elements, among them artists, working on wayang plays, and puppets. On the other hand, the wayang perjuangan performance has a function as the strengthening of state defense education for the people of Indonesia.Â
Women’s health and sustainable development goals
Authors: Paudel Narayani
Published: May 2018

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Intralesional Bleomycin injection in head and neck haemangioma and vascular malformation: A nonsurgical treatment
Authors: Regmi Deepak , Bista Meera , Shrestha Sangita , Chhetri Sujan Singh , Shrestha Diva , Mahato Nain Bahadur
Published: May 2018

Background: Successful management of vascular anomaly of head and neck region are often challenging. As the surgical modality carries high complications and bad aesthetic outcome, the treatment paradigm for these lesions has been shifting towards the non-invasive one. Because of its high sclerosing effect on vascular endothelium, low cost and easy availability intralesional Bleomycin injection can be an alternative.Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of intralesional Bleomycin sclerotherapy for head and neck haemangioma and slow flow vascular malformation.Methods: Thirty-six patients (12 males and 24 females) with head and neck haemangioma and slow flow vascular malformations were treated with intralesional Bleomycin injection in the dose of 0.5mg/kg/dose (not exceeding 15 mg/dose) in a medical college of Nepal. The repeat injection was offered every three weeks if needed. The size of the lesion was measured and serial photographs were taken. Complications were also recorded.Results: Ten patients (28%) had complete resolution (cured), 19 patients (53%) had marked improvement five (14%) had mild improvement and two (6%) had no response. Minor complications like fever and transient rise in temperature were seen in eight patients (22%). Hyperpigmentation of the overlying skin were observed in four (11%). None of the patients developed haematological toxic side effects or pulmonary fibrosis during the follow up.Conclusion: Intralesional Bleomycin injection is simple, safe, effective and non-invasive modality of the treatment for head and neck haemangioma and slow flow vascular malformation.
Ultra-sonographic image of ovarian mass and increased CA 19-9 levels as a pre-operative diagnostic predictor of mature cystic teratoma of ovary
Authors: Malla Sameer , Fan Jiangtao , Vaidya Tripti
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Mature cystic teratoma of ovary, categorized as germ cell tumor is commonly seen in females of reproductive age group. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the serum level of CA 19-9 in those patients.Methods: A prospective study on 65 patients at First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, China within the period of one year. Patients underwent pelvic examination, ultra-sonograph and evaluation of serum level of CA 19-9, CA 125, CEA, AFP and SCCA prior to surgery. Following the surgery, samples were subjected for histo-pathological analysis where confirmatory diagnosis of Mature Cystic teratoma of ovary was established. Serum CA 19-9 was then re-analyzed following surgical removal of the tumor.Results: Mean age of patients with mature Cystic teratoma was 32.5±12.1 years (range 15-71). Mean tumor diameter was 5.8±2.4cm (range 2.3-12.2). Serum level of CA19-9 was the only tumor marker with a mean serum level (49.9±73.4IU/ml) above the cut-off value and its elevated rate was 30.76 %. Rate of bilateral tumors was 16.9%. The tumor size was significantly higher in patients with elevated CA 19-9 than those with normal CA 19-9. There was significant difference in the serum level of CA 19-9 before and after the surgery (p<0.002) in patients with elevated level of CA 19-9 pre-operatively.Conclusion: Among all subjects who underwent pelvic ultrasonography imaging and analysis of tumor markers (CA 19-9, CA 125, CEA, AFP and SCCA) prior to surgery, serum level of CA 19-9 has the highest positivity rate in mature cystic teratomas of ovary and its level decreases following surgical removal.
A comparative study between endoscope assisted transtympanic pop-in tympanoplasty and permeatal underlay tympanoplasty
Authors: Bista Meera , KC Toran
Published: May 2018

Background: Otoscopic procedure like tympanoplasty is one of the magic wands that an ear nose throat surgeon possesses to alleviate the suffering of a hearing impaired patient. Endoscopic trans-tympanic pop in technique is an alternative method where tympanic fascial graft is placed medial to tympanic membrane remnant through the perforation without elevation of tympanomeatal flap and angled endoscope is used to assess the ossicular chain.Objective: The study was done to compare the results of endoscope assisted trans-tympanic pop-in tympanoplasty with permeatal underlay tympanoplasty.Methods: The study is a prospective, longitudinal and experimental study conducted in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from January 2016 to June 2016. A total of sixty-two patients, thirty-one in study and thirty-one in control group were present. The comparison was made in terms of success rate, decrease in taste sensation and time taken for the procedure. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20. Categorical data were tested by Fisher Exact test and p-value of <0.005 was considered statistically significant.Result: Among 62 patients, 55 had successful graft uptake (88.7% success rate). Hearing improvement was seen in 51 patients (88.25%). Regarding taste sensation 5 out of 62 had decrease in taste sensation after surgery (8%). Time taken was approximately 30 to 45 minutes (mean =44.1min) in endoscopic transtympanic pop-in type and 60 to 90 minutes (mean =73.8 min) in permeatal underlay type.Conclusion: We can conclude that endoscopic trans-tympanic pop-in tympanoplasty gives similar hearing and graft uptake result but with less time and greater ease as compared to permeatal underlay technique.
A case report on attempted suicide by hanging of an adolescent girl
Authors: Shakya Kashyap Narsingh , Bhatta Anwesh , Bhandari Bikash
Published: May 2018

Suicidal attempt by hanging is a growing problem during adolescence. Globally, 8.5 % of all deaths among young people is accounted for by suicide. It is preventable, provided the risk factors and pre-suicidal behavior are identified for averting such a tragic happening. Pediatricians have crucial role to play in this.
Research in undergraduate medical education: Issues, challenges and way forward
Authors: Shah Rakesh Kumar
Published: May 2018

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Mifepristone versus oxytocin for cervical ripening prior to induction of labour
Authors: Manandhar Rosina , Saha Rachana , Bajracharya Junu , Malla Rumina
Published: May 2018

Background: Induction of labour is one of the most important interventions done in modern obstetric practice and the success of induction techniques depends upon its role in cervical ripening and improvement in the Bishop’s score.Objectives: This study was done to compare the improvement in Bishop’s score among the women receiving oral mifepristone and oxytocin infusion to ripen the cervix prior to induction of labour at term.Methods: This was a hospital based, prospective randomized controlled trial conducted from August 2015 to February 2016. A total 68 patients were randomized into two groups: Mifepristone group and Oxytocin group. The improvement in Bishop’s score prior to and after 48 hours of cervical ripening, induction to delivery interval in vaginal delivery, mode of delivery, any adverse maternal and foetal outcome were recorded in both the groups.Results: The study demonstrated an overall significant improvement in Bishop’s score in mifepristone group compared to oxytocin group (p-value=0.003). A significant number of patients in mifepristone group had improved mean Bishop’s score (p-value=0.001) after 48 hours of cervical ripening. There were more vaginal deliveries in the mifepristone group, with shorter mean induction to delivery interval as compared to the oxytocin group. There were no maternal side effects and adverse perinatal outcomes in both the groups.Conclusions: Mifepristone is a good alternative to oxytocin for cervical ripening for induction of labour.
Hand washing knowledge and practice among school going children in Duwakot, Bhaktapur: A cross sectional study
Authors: Manandhar Pratibha , Chandyo Ram Krishna
Published: May 2018

Background: Diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infection are the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality in Nepal. Proper hand washing techniques help to reduce the incidence of diarrhea and acute respiratory infection in children.Objective: Objective of this study was to identify hand washing knowledge and practice among school children of Duwakot, Bhaktapur.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 340 students of grade V, VI and VII from both the government and private schools of Duwakot, Bhaktapur. Convenient sampling technique was applied in government schools (due to less number of students) whereas students were randomly selected from private school (due to large number).Result: All the students had knowledge about the hand washing technique before meal and after defecation. Almost all (99.4%) students reported that they wash hand before meal and 92.4% students reported that they practiced hand washing after defecation. But, only 8.5% students at school and 47% students at home regularly washed hand with soap and water. However 91.6% students at school and 81% students at home washed hand only by water due to unavailability of soap.Conclusion: Although students had hand washing knowledge; proper hand washing practices was lagging behind.
Auricular schwannoma– A rare presentation
Authors: Chhetri Sujan Singh , Koirala Bipin
Published: May 2018

Schwannoma or neurilemmoma is a benign, slow growing tumour that arises from the nerve sheath consisting of schwann cells. Histologically, it shows encapsulated, well circumscribed lesions composed of different cellular patterns and arrangement. It usually arises from superior vestibular nerve in the internal auditory canal. Here, we report a case of schwannoma that was located on the external ear which is of rare occurrence. Only a handful of such findings has been reported in the literature so far.
Milling, Nutritional, Physical and Cooking Properties of Four Basmati Rice Varieties
Authors: Ojha Pravin , Chaudhary Omkar , Subedi Ujjwol , Karki Roman , Dongol Durga Man Singh
Published: May 2018

Rice is one of the most popular staple foods produced contributing higher most in agriculture gross domestic production in Nepal. Thus, nutritional, physicochemical, and cooking properties of rice might interplay important roles in their production and farming practice, therefore, it is inevitable to understand these characteristic features. However, there has been only limited information available on such properties, therefore we aimed to examine nutritional, physicochemical and cooking properties of four Basmati varieties of rice namely Red Basmati, White Basmati, Black Basmati and Pokhareli Basmati. These rice varieties were purchased from different places in Nepal in paddy form. In this study various parameters associated with milling, nutritional, physical and cooking properties were evaluated. To measure protein contents in rice, Kjeldal method was implied. Among the varieties, the protein content was maximum in Red Basmati (7.74%) and minimum in Black Basmati (6.51%). The milled rice percentage and head rice recovery were maximum in Pokhareli Basmati represented by 72.02±0.10 and 67.46±0.42, respectively, while and minimum in White Basmati represented by 68.17±0.50 and 65.11±0.28, respectively. The kernel elongation ratio and volume expansion ratio was maximum in Red Basmati represented by 1.62 and 2.85 respectively. Water uptake ratio was maximum 3.11 in Black Basmati and minimum of 2.18 in Red Basmati. Gruel loss was found lowest 1.05% in Red Basmati and highest represented by 2.40% in Black Basmati. The highest starch iodine blue value of 0.21 was observed in Red Basmati and lowest of 0.12 in Black Basmati. The Red Basmati was found to have the better cooking quality among all varieties.
Seasonal and Altitudinal Prevalence of Fascioliasis in Buffalo in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sah Ramesh Prasad , Prasai Hari Kumar , Shrestha Jiban , Talukder Md Hasanuzzaman , Rahman AKM Anisur , Sah Ram Bali
Published: May 2018

Buffalo is the most important livestock commodities for milk, meat production and several other multipurpose uses distributed densely from southern tarai to northern mid-hills in Nepal. Among several internal parasitic diseases fascioliasis is highly economic one caused by Fasciola in buffaloes. However, there are only few studies carried on prevalence of fascioliasis emphasizing buffaloes in relation to seasonal (summer and rainy, and winter) and altitudinal variations. Therefore, we examined prevalence of fascioliasis seasonally and vertically. For the purpose, we selected two districts of eastern Nepal and sampled from low altitude area known as Madhesha ranging from 175-200, Dhankuta from 800-1200 m, and Murtidhunga from 1800-2200 m elevation from the sea level, representing tarai, mid hills and high hills, respectively. Altogether from February 2013 to January 2014 at every two months interval we collected 798 fecal samples from buffaloes; 282 from Murtidhunga, 239 from Dhankuta and 277 from Madhesha. The samples were examined microscopically for the presence of Fasciola eggs using sedimentation technique. Results showed that overall prevalence of fascioliasis in buffaloes was 39.9% (319/798), ranging highest 42.6%in Madhesha followed by 39.7% in Murtidhunga and 37.2% in Dhankuta, respectively. The prevalence of fascioliasis was found to be significantly (p <0.05) high in winter (44.9%) comparing to rainy season (34.4%). The prevalence of fascioliasis in buffaloes was relatively higher in low altitude than high altitude, although it was not statistically significant (p <0.05). In our findings the female buffaloes showed higher prevalence for fascioliasis than in male. Since the fascioliasis in buffaloes is highly endemic, thus strategic deworming in high risk period is recommended along with measure to prevent pasture contamination with buffalo feces.
Resource Use Efficiency Analysis for Potato Production in Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Mahesh , Bajracharya Mahima
Published: May 2018

Potato is one of the most important staple foods supporting food security and livelihood to millions of marginalized and poor farmers in Nepal. Generally the smallholders’ farmers, especially those located in remote villages are inadequately informed about technical knowledge, inputs and efficient use of resources causing poor production and low productivity. Thus, the present survey aimed to examine the efficiency of resources used in potato production in Baglung District, one of the remote hilly place located in Central Himalaya. The total of 120 potato growing households was selected using simple random sampling technique from the two potato pocket in 2016. The regression coefficients of each inputs using Cobb-Douglas production function were estimated using Stata software. Our results showed that major inputs such as labor, bullock, Farm Yard Manure (FYM) and intercultural operations were overused and need to decrease in terms of cost by 109, 177, 51 and 185%, respectively for its optimum allocation. Similarly, seed was found underused and need to increase its cost by 70% for optimum allocation. We concluded that inadequate training, exposure, knowledge gap and extension service to farmers in study sites were the reasons that farmers were using their resources inefficiently. It is recommended that the farmers involved in potato farming in the surveyed sites should be provided with additional proper technical knowledge for optimizing the use of resources which would help to increase the production and return from potato production.
Coffee Production in Kavre and Lalitpur Districts, Nepal
Authors: Karki Yogendra Kumar , Regmi Punya Prasad , Thapa Resham Bahadur
Published: May 2018

Coffee (Coffea spp) is an important and emerging cash crop having potential to provide farmers employment and income generation opportunities. This crop is well adapted to the climatic conditions of mid-hills of Nepal. Thus, majority of the farmers are attracted towards cultivation of coffee because of demands in national and international market. Coffee is now becoming integral part of farming system in rural areas. However, information on performance of coffee and farmers response has not been well documented. Therefore, we undertook the present work to analyze demography, ethnicity, household occupation, literacy status, average land holding, coffee cultivation area, livelihood and sources of income of coffee growers, production and productivity, pricing, cropping pattern of the coffee and problesm faced by them in mid hill district of Kavrepalanchowk (hereafter ‘Kavre’) and Lalitpur Districts. All the samples were taken randomly and selected from coffee producing cooperative of Kavre and Lalitpur. Our analysis showed that the male farmer dominant over female on adopting coffee cultivation in both districts with higher value in Kavre. Brahmin and Chetri ethnic communities were in majority over others in adopting the coffee cultivation. Literate farmers were more dominant over illiterates on adopting the coffee cultivation, The mean land holding was less, ranging from 0.15 to 2.30 ha for coffee cultivation, the history of coffee cultivation in Kavre showed that highest number of farmers were engaged in coffee farming from last 16 years. The mean yield of fresh cherry was 1027.20 kg/ha in Kavre, while it was 1849.36 kg/ha in Lalitpur. The study revealed that majority of the coffee plantations were between 6-10 years old. The major problems facing by coffee farmers were diseases spread, lack of irrigation facility and drying of plants. Despite of that the coffee farming was one of the rapidly emerging occupations among the farmers in both district of Nepal.
KONSILI VATIKAN II, 50 TAHUN KEMUDIAN
Authors: Yewangoe Andreas A.
Published: May 2018

The Second Vatican Council has its own resonance which has impacted not only the Roman Catholic Church but other Churches also, indeed the world as a whole. This was the conviction of Pope John XXIII when he announced his idea for a Universal Council. He wished to place the Church within the rapidly changing modern world. One change is in attitudes towards other religions which has opened the path towards dialogue. Now, 50 years later, can the council still speak to us about Church renewal and unity? We note progress in Indonesia such as dialogue between religions and religious convictions, the ecumenical movement which has spread, for instance through the acceptance of a common translation of the Bible. In NTT Province theology faculty members of the Christian University (UKAW) in Kupang and the Philosophy Institute of Ledalero (STFK), Maumere exchange faculty and students.

Kata-kata Kunci: Pembaruan, gerakan ekumene, kesatuan, misi Gereja, solidaritas
BERPIJAK DI BUMI – BERPIHAK KEPADA MANUSIA (Mandat dari Gaudium et Spes)
Authors: Kleden Paul Budi
Published: May 2018

Gaudium et Spes is a revolutionary document of Vatican II which can still inspire the Church now and in the future. This document is revolutionary in the sense that it deals with problems, issues and ideas that had never before become the agenda of any Council in the Catholic Church. Gaudium et Spes concretizes what John XXIII named aggiornamento, a process of contextualising the Christian heritage, through which the Church opens itself up to the modern world. This document is also revolutionary because it is entirely a product of the conciliar process of the Council itself. This article presents the process of drafting the document and discusses some issues that are relevant for the Church today and in the future.

Kata-kata kunci: proses, Gereja, dunia modern, solidaritas, keadilan ekonomi, martabat manusia, perdamaian.
SPIRIT SACROSANCTUM CONCILIUM. Mendorong Sebuah Liturgi Yang Hidup, Kontekstual, Inkulturatif
Authors: Ledot Ignasius
Published: May 2018

The reform of the liturgy is to be “marked by the gong of tradition and the spirit of genuine renewal”. This “motto” of liturgical renewal reminds us of the importance of being aware that both tradition and our contemporary situation need to be experienced together in our celebrations. The purpose of the liturgical renewal by the Second Vatican Council, was not renewal for the sake of renewal itself, but rather so that celebrations produced by such reform are meaningful for the active participation of the people of God. To achieve this ideal, judicious considerations need to be taken regarding tradition and contemporary developments. One important fruit of the analysis of the Second Vatican Council is that active participation should become ever wider and deeper in our liturgical celebrations. Participation that is both active and conscious whether physically, together with the whole rich genius of the culture, or spiritually, is a part of the richness of grace for which we should indeed thank God. The presence of Sacrosanctum concilium invites all social levels and classes to participate actively and consciously in sacrificial celebrations and in the Lord’s Supper.

Kata-kata kunci: Sacrosanctum Concilium, pembaruan, liturgi, misale, partisipasi, aktif dan sadar, inkulturasi, Gereja, umat Allah, rubrik, kurban, keselamatan.
AGAMA DAN POLITIK – HUBUNGAN YANG AMBIVALEN DIALOG VERSUS “BENTURAN PERADABAN”?
Authors: Daven Mathias
Published: May 2018

At base, modern culture is a culture that evolves through the frame of managing

non-violent normative conflict. With the acknowledgement of religious freedom as

a basic human right, the state and religion have been distinguished institutionally:

politics and the state no longer deal with truth, but rather with peace between

people of different persuasions. In reality, the institutional distinction between

religion and politics/the state has been translated into a variety of different political

arrangements, including within the Muslim world; the relationship between

politics and religion cannot return to a single (Western) model as the norm.

Therefore an analysis of the correlation between religion and politics assumes an

appropriate understanding about the relationship between religion and culture,

for an analysis of the ties between religion and culture will more or less indicate

the ambivalence of religion: on the one hand religions have the potential to critique

culture; but on the other hand, religions play a very problematic role: they can

take up a sacred form and tend to make absolute areas that are in fact relative,

including politics. Religion refers to absolute truth and can be (mis)used in the

interests of a religious political elite who collaborate with the political elite of

the state which may be far from the key message of the religion in question.

Nevertheless, an awareness of the ambivalence of religion and politics encourages

us to collaborate between religions and cultures in order to lessen human suffering.

Kata-kata Kunci: agama, politik, sekularisasi, modernisasi, ambivalensi,

demokrasi, Sekularitas, hak asasi manusia, benturan peradaban,

Fundamentalisme, dialog, etika derita.
DIALOG:TRIBUTE UNTUK PAUS EM. BENEDIKTUS XVI
Authors: Kewuta Markus Solo
Published: May 2018

Shortly after he was chosen as Bishop of Rome in April 2005, Benedict XVI

took a number of steps towards a new dynamics in inter-faith dialogue. He began

by setting down fundamental principles, namely knowing and appreciating one’s

own faith as the essential condition for sincere cross-religious encounters. That

is why, as a prominent dogmatic theologian, in his theological approach he not

infrequently laid down clear boundaries, even in grey areas which sometimes

drew strong rejection, for a real theological dialogue is not easy. But, according

to Benedict XVI, this is the road we have to travel to arrive at a true dialogue,

rather than simply politeness or “lip service”.

During his period of service, Catholic-Muslim Forum I and II were created with

their final declarations; if followed through globally, there would be no need for

any more disputes or enmity between Catholics and Muslims. Unfortunately,

reality is different. Today Bishop of Rome Francis wishes to follow-up this mission

with a different language and emphasis. The core is the same, that through

friendship and the principle of reciprocity, Catholic and Muslim peoples respect

and understand each other without fear, for we are all brothers and sisters.
PENCARIAN KESAKSIAN KRISTEN YANG RELEVAN DI ASIA (Kosuke Koyama: Injil Menurut Pandangan Asia)
Authors: Timo Eben Nuban
Published: May 2018

To live as church in Asia is very demanding. Asia is known as the continent that

gave birth to world religions whose followers in Asia live close to one another as

neighbours. Each religion has a certain knowledge about the spiritual richness of

her neighbours. Buddhists, for example, know that Christians are requested by

the Lord to live a life of self-sacrifice. Christians are called by their master (Jesus)

not to go forward fighting on behalf of the cross but to bear their cross on behalf

of Jesus, not displaying a self-glorified life but practising self-denial. How is this

command to be fulfilled in Asia by the Christian Church? This essay discusses

the perspective of one of Asia’s most prominent theologians, Kosuke Koyama.

Kata-kata Kunci: Teologi Asia, Tafsiran Dunia Ketiga, Kristologi Asia,

Dialog antar Iman dan Agama-agama Asia.
TRUK-F DALAM NARASI HUMAN TRAFFICKING
Authors: Ledot Ignasius
Published: May 2018

Story-telling often conveys a message about a particular problem. The bitter stories

of victims as recorded here are just a small part of many such experiences which

pierce our conscience, abusing the dignity that is within each one of us. Besides

these stories, this essay includes data from victims to remind us that today we face

an extremely serious problem in human trafficking. From the cases handled by the

Women’s Division of TRUK-F (a faith-based human rights NGO), it is clear

that many parties are responsible, commencing with individuals and families, but

including government institutions. The problem of human trafficking can befall

anyone. TRUK-F has struggled to accompany victims while active in awarenessbuilding

campaigning about the problem. The number of cases increases starkly by

the day while the bitter stories of the victims, together with the anxiety and

restlessness of their families, should invite the concern of everybody to engage in assisting

victims while advocating for the ending of this inhuman trade.

Kata-kata Kunci: Perdagangan orang, rekrut, korban perempuan,

korban anak, pelaku, calo, sindikat, kekerasan, dinas pemerintah, PUB,

Polisi, Divisi Perempuan TRUK-F, advokasi, Pastoral Gereja.
FEMINISASI PERDAGANGAN MANUSIA (Masalah Perdagangan Manusia dalam Konteks Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan)
Authors: Gaut Willy
Published: May 2018

It is not so easy to explain, let alone suggest solutions to the problem of human

trafficking as a concrete challenge to basic human rights. As with other social problems

that have multiple causes, so too does human trafficking have many causes. In this

article the author intends to elucidate one important aspect in human trafficking,

the susceptibility of women to become victims. By placing human trafficking within

the context of violence towards women, the author intends to propose a response to

the question regarding why women are so susceptible as victims.

Kata-kata kunci: Perdagangan manusia, perempuan, diskriminasi,

kekerasan, gender, dan seks.
DINAMIKA INTERAKSI ANTARA GERAKAN DAN INSTITUSI. Gerakan Koperasi Kredit (dapat) Menjiwai Gereja dan Negara
Authors: Kirchberger George Ludwig
Published: May 2018

This essay looks at the dynamics between movement and institution, where

each movement has to ripen in an institution and each institution has to be

loosened again and again by new movements and inspirations. The author wishes

to outline the dynamics between movement and institution by focusing on the

credit union movement. At the beginning the development of the Church from

a charismatic movement to an institution is outlined, which in time became

extremely rigid. Then, the industrial revolution in the 19 century is looked at

with its spirit of liberalism which produced the plight of the workers, which in turn

triggered socialist movements which to overcome their plight by changing society

radically. The appearance of the social teaching of the Church is seen as an effort

to overcome the impasse of these two forces in the industrial revolution. On this

background appeared the credit union movement, which embodied a number of the

fundamental principles of the social teaching of the Church and is able to become

an agent to loosen the structure of the Church hierarchy and support efforts in the

country to hold back neo-liberalism and nurture democracy. In taking up the case

of the largest credit union on Flores Island, the essay shows how the CU itself lies

between the tension between movement and institutionalisation, while pointing

out what needs to be done that this tension is maintained creatively, so that the

CU is able to offer its spirit to the Church, and support democratisation in the

country.

Kata-kata kunci: credit union, gerakan, Gereja, koperasi, institusi,

struktur
ARUS BALIK: GERAKAN FUNDAMENTALIS DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Daven Mathias
Published: May 2018

There is a strong link between religious fundamentalist movements and the

globalization (economic) project. In the context of Western civilization, fundamentalist

movements are closely linked to the “critical discussion” on the antinomy of modernity.

These movements reached a new phase in the second half of the 20

century, namely a “confrontation” between Western civilization and the East (Islam). On the one

hand, the Western civilization model of the globalization project grows due to a

certain form of fundamentalism within itself, namely an economic fundamentalism.

On the other hand fundamentalist movements within Islam which turn religion

into ideology, put forward a programme for the “universalisation” of Islam as the

basis of a world order. The world order which is presently dominated by the Western

civilization model, characterized by the capitalistic and the secular, has to end and

be replaced by a world order based on Islamic law. This movement works on a

principle of compulsion. The “rivalry” between the two has no connection at all with

a “clash of civilizations” but rather with the fact that globalization in its present

form is only possible for a rich elite minority. A middle way must be worked out,

not the globalization of the economic or political system, nor the globalization of

a particular ideology, whether secular or religious, but rather the globalization of

Aufklärung (enlightenment) and of solidarity.

Kata-kata kunci: Globalisasi, modernitas, gerakan fundamentalis, islamisme,

ideologi, Aufklärung, “imperialisme budaya”, sekularisasi.
TANGGUNG JAWAB MORAL: URAT NADI BISNIS YANG SEHAT
Authors: Ujan Andre Ata
Published: May 2018

Business is a social entity which inevitably effects the quality of human life.

Its success in supporting human life in general and, particularly, the long-term

economic prospects it aims to achieve, require the real commitment of its agents

to take moral values seriously in doing business. Instead of moral minimalism, a

good and healthy business necessitates every businessman/woman to act beyond

economic and legal interests to embrace “the genius of AND” as the ideal

approach in doing business. Real commitment on seriously taking into account

moral considerations in the process of business decision-making would in turn,

in the long term, bring greater economic opportunities and, hence, enhance the

prospect of business. At the centre of a good and healthy business is its agents’

commitment on taking all stakeholders’ interests to be their own. Doing justice to

all stakeholders and to the public at large is, therefore, the life-blood of good and

healthy businesses. A moral culture in business requires moral models to flourish

and be shared commonly among all business agents.

Kata-kata kunci: Tanggung jawab ekonomi; tanggung jawab hukum;

tanggung jawab moral; intangible values; stakeholders; model moral.
KOMODITI YANG DISEBUT MANUSIA: Membaca Fenomena Perdagangan Manusia di NTT dalam Pemberitaan Media
Authors: Mirsel Robert , Manehitu Yohanes Celvianus
Published: May 2018

This article describes and analyzes human trafficking in East Nusa Tenggara Province

(NTT) based on the news/data exposed by two local newspapers, Pos Kupang and

Flores Pos, during the past four years (2010-2013). Employing media analysis

(content analysis), the exploration of various news items on human trafficking in the

two newspapers shows a significant increase in the number of cases in the province.

Victims are mostly poor, of different ages but mainly women and children. Many

agents played an important role and have employed various modes for recruiting

victims. The main root of human trafficking in NTT is the system which allows the

agents/actors of recruitment of migrant workers (PJTKI) to operate illegally in the

province; individuals are victims of this system of recruitment. This study recommends

that there should be a significant change in the system of recruitment and control

in the NTT province in particular, and in Indonesia in general, to prevent and

overcome the problem of human trafficking along with other efforts to empower the

local people economically, socially and culturally by enhancing their knowledge, skills

and mentality so that they are able to defend their own rights when being victimized

by recruiters, whether individual agents or recruiting companies.

Kata-kata kunci: Perdagangan manusia, analisis isi, korban, cara

merekrut, rekrutmen ilegal, agen ilegal, pekerja migran ilegal, sistem

rekrutmen dan kontrol.
TEORI KRITIS DAN RELEVANSINYA UNTUK PENGKAJIAN TERHADAP REALITAS SOSIAL BANGSA INDONESIA
Authors: Donatus Sermada Kelen
Published: May 2018

This essay elaborates the Critical Theory proposed by a group of German intellectuals who revived the anti-capitalist social theory of Karl Marx. They belong to what is called the “Frankfurt-School” which emphasises the contextualisation of Marx’ theory. Critical Theory emerged as a response to anti-socialist dominance in contemporary society. This essay takes up some of the ideas of Frankfurt-School members Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, Herbert Marcuse and Jürgen Habermas. Critical Theory can impact greatly on how we read present-day Indonesian society which is being destroyed by the global capitalist-system which in turn is producing social diseases like systemic corruption.

Keywords: Teori Kritis, sekolah Frankfurt, Karl Marx, Horkhmeimer, Adorno, Marcuse, Habermas, relevansi teori kritis, realitas sosial Indonesia.
EDITORIAL - TOLAK TIPU, LAWAN LUPA: PEMBANTAIAN MASSAL 1965-1966
Authors: Prior John Mansford
Published: May 2018

Waktu duduk di bangku SMP/SMA (1958-1963), sejarah politik masih disoroti dari perspektif para penguasa seperti kaisar dan raja, presiden dan perdana menteri. Dan memang pada masa itu penuturan sejarah politik sering digariskan oleh pihak yang berkuasa, pihak yang menang. Tapi, ketika mempelajari sejarah sosial di sekolah yang sama, kami diantar ke dalam getir gerak rakyat yang tertekan-tertindas, seperti pemberontakan kaum tani pada abad ke-13, urbanisasi besar-besaran pada abad ke-18, tuntutan serikat-serikat buruh dan pendirian koperasi kredit perdana pada abad ke-19, dan pembentukan Partai Buruh pada awal abad ke-20. Gurunya lain-lain; jelas juga pelajaran yang satu mempertanyakan pelajaran yang lain. Sejarah sosial mengikis kehebatan para raja sambil memperdepankan posisi rakyat biasa, dengan segala hasrat, strategi dan taktik juangnya. Dalam bahasa Alkitab: bukan sejarah dari perspektif raja Daud dan Solomo (sudut Deuteronomistik), tetapi sejarah sebagaimana disoroti nabi Amos, Hosea dan Yesaya (pihak nurani rakyat). Sebetulnya, sebagian besar sejarah masyarakat Allah dalam Alkitab ditulis dari pihak rakyat yang kalah.

Tentu Bupati, Gubernur dan Presiden main peran dalam masyarakat. Namun, sejarah lebih teranyam oleh rupa-rupa kisah dari masyarakat biasa. Maka timbul pertanyaan: kajian sosial dan analisis politik mestinya dinilai dari pihak mana, pihak siapa? Pihak yang berkuasa atau pihak rakyat yang dikuasai? Bisakah kita menulis kembali sejarah NTT, umpamanya, dari sisi mereka yang kalah, bahkan dari perspektif mereka yang pernah disingkirkan, mereka yang dikalahkan, dibisukan, dan selama ini dilupakan? Sanggupkah kita menolak tipu dan melawan lupa dan membaca ulang sejarah kita dengan nurani rakyat yang murni?

Pada tahun 2012 sutradara Joshua Openheimer menayangkan film Jagal. Selama dua jam penuh sejumlah pelaku premen dengan bangga merekonstruksi pembunuhan-pembunuhan yang mereka lakukan pada tahun 1965/1966 “atas nama negara”. Para psikolog menyatakan bahwa manusia mampu membunuh sesamanya hanya jika sasarannya sudah distigmatisasi dan di-dehumanisasi.

Manusia tidak bisa membunuh sesamanya begitu saja, akan tetapi kita siap menghabisi obyek-obyek dan benda-benda yang kotor lagi najis, rela melibatkan diri dalam aksi “pembersihan lingkungan”. Nyatanya, pemutaran film Jagal berhasil membuka tabir yang selama lima puluh tahun menutup peristiwa pembantaian tragis-brutal tahun 1965/1966 dari ingatan kita, dari memoria bangsa kita. Jelas, sejarah resmi tahun 1960an disusun oleh para pemenang, oleh Orde Baru, bukan oleh mereka-mereka yang dikorbankan supaya Suharto bisa naik tahta. Mana ada buku sekolah yang mengingatkan kita bahwa rezimnya dikonsolidasikan dalam lautan darah, dan didirikan di atas jenazah ratusan ribu korban.
HANNAH ARENDT ON “WORLDLESSNESS” AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY
Authors: Koten Yosef Keladu
Published: May 2018

Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis ide Hannah Arendt, seorang filsuf politik keturunan Yahudi, bahwa kejahatan kemanusiaan tidak terpisahkan dari situasi dunia atau politik yang tidak manusiawi. Arendt menyebut situasi ini dengan istilah worldlessness, kondisi di mana warga negara dirampas hak-hak asasi mereka untuk memperoleh tempat tinggal yang layak, untuk dilindungi oleh negara serta untuk bertindak dan berbicara secara bebas. Menurut Arendt, situasi worldlessness ini berefek ganda karena dalam situasi seperti ini warga negara digiring, di satu pihak, untuk menjadi pelaku kejahatan; dan di lain pihak, menjadi sasaran kejahatan. Contoh konkretnya adalah peristiwa pembataian massal di Auschwitz, di mana Nazi sebagai pelaku dan orang-orang Yahudi sebagai korban. Mereka semua adalah korban dari kebijakan politik tidak manusiawi yang diterapkan oleh Adolf Hitler. Ide Arendt sesungguhnya menantang pemerintah untuk merancang strategi yang menyeluruh dalam mencegah dan mengatasi kejahatan kemanusiaan.

Keywords: “Worldlessness”, crimes against humanity, anti-Semitism, imperialism, “rightlessness”.
Informasi Dasar dan Penanganan HIV dan AIDS
Authors: Husein Pankratius , Purnama Asep , Rovigis Raasdiana
Published: May 2018

Pankratius Husein outlines basic information on the HIV virus and AIDS illness, what medication is available, preventative strategies, and healthy lifestyle. Asep Purnama continues with a personal account of how he became interested in HIV and AIDS since a medical student, and the history of the struggle to correct attitudes among medical staff in Maumere as well as in the general population. This includes the story of the establishment of the Voluntary Testing and Counselling Clinic at the District Hospital in Maumere. Rasdiana Rovigis details the formation and activities of the local support group among HIV carriers.

Kata-kata kunci: HIV, AIDS, informasi, penanganan, stigmatisasi,

support, group.
EDITORIAL HIV: Pesawat Tempur Siluman NTT
Authors: Prior John Mansford
Published: May 2018

Seorang kenalan yang mengidap infeksi HIV pernah berkata,“Berstatus positif saya terima selaku berkat, berkat dari Tuhan yang paling baik bagi saya!” Bisakah, seorang penyintas HIV menyambut hasil tes positif bagai “berkat paling baik bagi saya”? Bukan bagai kutukan, bukan laksana pedang yang akan menohok dirinya seterusnya, seumur hidup? Tandasnya lagi, “Sebelum saya mengidap HIV saya hidup sembarangan, tapi kini saya hidup serba tertib. Dulu saya hanya ingat diri dan mengejar kenikmatan seketika, kesenangan sesaat, kepuasan sepintas. Kini saya

bekerja keras untuk ibuku dan anak-anak kami yang masih kecil, yang sangat membutuhkan kehadiran saya.” Gaya hidupnya serta hasrat jiwanya sudah berbalik 180 derajat. Status positif menjadi berkat bagi dia, lebih lagi bagi istri dan anak-anak mereka.
IMPLIKASI PENJERNIHAN PAHAM TENTANG ALLAH TERHADAP PASTORAL PENDAMPINGAN PENYINTAS HIV DAN AIDS
Authors: Kirchberger George
Published: May 2018

The author starts from the fact that often enough those who test positive for HIV, or who are suffering from AIDS, feel cursed by God, and question why God has punished them. They experience discrimination and are stigmatized by family and neighbours as sinners and punished by God. The author notes a similar way of thinking in the Bible. He then points to a corrective to this attitude and way of thinking as given in the Book of Job. He then takes up the thinking and actions of Jesus who approached people who were suffering discrimination and opposed the way of thinking that attributed suffering to a divine curse. Drawing from this biblicval corrective, the author outlines a number of conclusions for pastoral work in the Church at this time.

Kata-kata kunci: HIV, AIDS, penyakit, kutuk, Ayub, Yesus, orang, sakit, pastoral, Gereja.
YESUS MENGULURKAN TANGAN DAN MENJAMAH
Authors: Dhogo Petrus Christologus
Published: May 2018

For years HIV and AIDS were considered deadly viruses. Lacking appropriate knowledge about how these viruses develop made it more difficult to treat carriers, as they were once viewed as approaching death. Also, many thought that the virus was easily contagious (although it is not). Carriers were – and still are - marginalized and so could not maintain normal life in their communities. They were stigmatized more especially when the virus was viewed as the result of an un-controlled sex life. As “sinners” they had to pay for the sin they committed. This is pararell to the situation was faced by lepers at the time of Jesus. They were avoided, must not be touched; they were removed from the community. However, Jesus accepted lepers, touched them, and in accepting them broke through cultural and religious barriors. In Luke’s account (Luke 5:12-16) the leper does not seek a cure, but rather freedom from stigmatization (“made clean”). That is the “cure” that Jesus gave and what we can, and must, give today to HIV carriers.

Kata-kata kunci: kusta, tahir, stigma, HIV, AIDS, Yesus, menjamah, mengulurkan, tangan, mentahirkan.
PERBATASAN NEGARA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SOSIAL: Studi Perbatasan RI - Timor Leste
Authors: Pamungkas Cahyo
Published: May 2018

This article attempts to portray a picture of the cultural dimension in managing the boundaries of Nusa Tenggara Timur Province (NTT). The social dynamics of the culture of people at the boundary can be seen from the history of the formation of the boundaries, the dynamics of relationships between ethnic groups in districts adjacent to boundaries, and from social-cultural relationship problems that occur at boundaries. The conceptual framework used is that of a shift in the meaning of boundary from conventional social perspectives and approaches which emphasise the presence of a people’s and a state’s identity and control of the population, towards a post-modern approach which explains the appearance of globalizing agents at the boundary. Based on the results of interviews with a number of informants and a study of the literature, this study puts forward the proposition that the representation of the adat (customary law) community in the governing body of the state border is absolutely necessary to protect the basic rights of indigenous peoples who settled in the boundary area. Conventional border management, namely the traditional restriction of crossing boundaries, tend to put the state in violation of customary law that unites the two community cultures in colonial times.
Bolehkah Gereja-Gereja Kristen Tetap Terpisah?
Authors: Kirchberger George Ludwig
Published: May 2018

The author starts from the clear statement of the Second Vatican Council,“that the Church is a single flock, there are not many Churches. God established a single Church by sending His Son and the Spirit”. Today,

the “separated” Churches”, are in real communion, although the communion is not yet complete. Through baptism all Christians, in each of the Christian Chruches, are members of the one Body of Christ.

This is a strong bond and has to be taken as more resilient than any differences that may diminish unity. Therefore we must ask: what must be regarded as a difference that is significant enough to grant one the right to deem one’s Church as still separated? This article outlines the eight theses of Heinrich Fries and Karl Rahner where they show, with detalied argumentation, that today the Christian Churches can come together in communion. The article draws to the conclusion that the Christian Church has a moral obligation to live in a communion that is already possible, and has no right to state that the Churches can remain separated from each other.

Keywords: Reformation, church unity, separated church

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Penulis artikel ini bertolak dari penegasan Konsili Vatikan II “bahwa Gereja itu merupakan satu kawanan, tidak ada Gereja-gereja Allah dalam bentuk jamak, Allah hanya mendirikan satu Gereja melalui perutusan Putra dan Roh-Nya”. Semua Gereja yang sekarang ini masih “terpisah”, berada dalam suatu persekutuan yang sungguh riil, meskipun tidak sepenuhnya. Melalui sakramen baptis semua orang Kristen dari semua Gereja Kristen menjadi anggota pada satu tubuh Kristus. Inilah suatu ikatan yang sangat kuat dan pada dasarnya mesti dianggap lebih utama dari pelbagai perbedaan yang mengurangi persekutuan itu. Oleh karena itu mesti ditanya, apa yang bisa dianggap sebagai perbedaan yang cukup besar untuk memberikan hak, untuk tetap menyatakan diri sebagai Gereja terpisah. Sebagian besar artikel ini merupakan perkenalan terhadap delapan tesis dari Heinrich Fries dan Karl Rahner, di mana mereka memperlihatkan secara teliti dan argumentatif tesis bahwa sudah saatnya Gereja-gereja Kristen bersatu. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa Gereja Kristen mempunyai kewajiban moral untuk hidup dalam persekutuan yang sudah mungkin itu dan tidak lagi mempunyai hak untuk menyatakan diri sebagai Gereja yang terpisah satu sama lain.

Kata-kata kunci: Reformasi; Kesatuan Gereja; Gereja terpecah