bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences between echocardiography and cardiac nuclear magnetic resonance parameters in children with bicuspid aortic valve-related aortopathy
Authors: Krasic Stasa , Zec Boris , Topic Vesna , Popovic Sasa , Nesic Dejan , Zdravkovic Marija , Vukomanovic Vladislav
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect. Patients with BAV frequently develop aortopathy, which depends on the dysfunction and morphotype of the BAV.

Aim

The aim of our study was to compare the echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings in BAV patients, and to define the risks of BAV dysfunction and aortopathy.

Methods

The retrospective study included 50 patients (68% male) with BAV, with an average age of 13.6 ± 3.9 years, who underwent a transthoracic echocardiographic examination and CMR at our institute from 2012 to 2020.

Results

The BAV types were evaluated significantly differently by echocardiography and CMR (p = 0.013). 54% of patients had BAV insufficiency on echo and 70% on echo CMR. It was more prevalent in males, older patients, and patients with a higher body surface area. By comparing the degree of insufficiency measured by echo (1+, IQR 0–1), and CMR (0, IQR 0–1), a significant difference was observed (p = 0.04), while a moderate positive correlation was proved (rr = 0.4; p = 0.004). Stenosis was registered in 44% of patients by echo, while 58% had stenosis on CMR. The peak pressure gradient measured by echo was significantly higher than the velocity on CMR (41, IQR 22.7–52.5 mmHg vs. 23, IQR 15.5–35.0 mmHg; p = 0.002). Aortopathy was registered in 76% of patients on echo and 78% on CMR; 38% of patients had severe aortic dilatation on echo and 54% on CMR (p = 0.003). Patients with BAV stenosis on echo had more frequent dilatation of the tubular ascending aorta (15/24 pts; p = 0.02). All patients with BAV insufficiency on CMR had aortopathy (p = 0.04) and had enlargement of the sinus of Valsalva and sinotubular junction. In patients with associated coarctation, the development of aortopathy occurred less frequently than those without coarctation (7/39 vs. 32/39; p = 0.003). The Bland-Altman method, a specific type of scatterplot that is used to visualize the results of comparing two measures, demonstrated the existence of agreement between the two methods, and a level of agreement between the methods of 95% was demonstrated.

Conclusion

Our study indicated significant differences in the measured BAV morphotype and dysfunction when comparing the two diagnostic methods. On the other hand, moderate to strong correlations were found in the evaluated parameters, which indicates the importance of performing noninvasive diagnostic procedures in the follow-up of these patients.
Bibliometric analysis of youth myocardial infarction research (1980–2023)
Authors: Fu Yang , Han Qi , Wang Fei , Dong Xiuyun
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases include myocardial infarction, a high mortality disease. Myocardial infarction patients are becoming younger, typically defined as patients under 45 years of age. This study analyzes the relevant papers on myocardial infarction in youth in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between 1980 and 2023.

Methods

It uses bibliometric methods to systematically understand the current status and development trend of research in this field. We searched the WoSCC between 1980 and 2023 for research papers and reviews on myocardial infarction in youth. We set the screening criteria for language as English and used tools such as Citespace, SCImago Graphica, and VOS Viewer to analyze the selected literature exhaustively. This comprehensive approach helped us gain a comprehensive understanding of research hotspots, academic partnerships, and trends in the field.

Results

From the WoSCC, we identified 790 publications related to myocardial infarction in youth. First, the United States, Italy, and China are major contributors to international cooperation. The United States plays a vital bridging role. Next, in the scholars' combined contribution power analysis, Krumholz and Donfrio were the key contributors in this field. In addition, popular research directions are based on age. As a result of the literature cluster analysis, we found that myocardial infarction in youth is associated with gender, smoking, coagulation factors, apolipoproteins, and gene polymorphisms.

Conclusion

This is the first comprehensive bibliometric study of myocardial infarction in youth. It aims to examine the current status and trends in myocardial infarction in youth. As a result, the study results will provide researchers with an overview of emerging trends.
Previous education experience impacts student expectation and initial experience of transitioning into higher education
Authors: Timmis Matthew A. , Hibbs Angela , Polman Remco , Hayman Rick , Stephens David
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Entering higher education (HE) is one of the most significant transitions in a student’s life and is negatively impacted by any disparity between expectation and initial experience when joining their course.

Method

The current study explored how the students’ experiences of learning and teaching practices in their previous educational environment influenced their expectations and initial experiences of HE. The study adopted a mixed methods approach, initially surveying 69 students concerning their previous educational experiences, expectations and experiences of HE. Informed by the questions in the survey, two semi-structured focus groups comprising a total of 6 students were completed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results and discussion

The current research identified specific challenges students face as they transition into HE, often resulting in an initial culture shock as that adapt to their new learning environment. These challenges are, to some extent, a consequence of their previous learning environment. Whilst expectations of HE were cultivated in their previous educational environment, they were not always accurate and resulted in a mismatch between expectation and reality of HE. This article identifies what may be missing for a student as they transition from further education into HE, and explores some of the opportunities HE faces in addressing these deficits.
Influence of green finance on agricultural green total factor productivity: a case study in China
Authors: Chu Liang , Cheng Liang , Gao Yulong , Deng Huaiyue , Wang Qian , Luo Yaqiang
Published: November 2024

With the widespread promotion of the concept of green development, China’s green credit policy system has been established, developed, and gradually improved during the past decade. Against the background of the country’s vigorous development of green finance, this finance has had an increasingly important influence on agricultural green total factor productivity (GTFP). In this study, we took 30 provinces (autonomous regions or municipalities directly under central government control) in China as research samples (Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Tibet were not included due to a lack of data). The time period from 2010 to 2020 was selected as the research period, given that 2010 was the year when the development stage of China’s green finance was first initiated. Through in-depth analysis of the spatial correlations of agricultural GTFP in China and the influences of green finance on agricultural GFTP, we constructed a research framework with multiple dimensions, including green credit, green bonds, green insurance, green investment, and carbon finance. We then systematically studied the influences of green finance on agricultural GTFP. Our results showed that: (1) The development levels of green finance and agricultural GTFP in China were high, but there were not able differences among provinces, with higher agricultural GTFP in northern China and lower agricultural GTFP in central China; (2) green finance had the greatest promoting effect in western China, a weaker promoting effect in central China, and the weakest promoting effect in eastern China; and (3) green finance can indirectly promote improvements in agricultural GTFP by promoting the upgrading of industrial structure, driving technological progress, and optimizing energy consumption structure. Our work not only provides valuable reference data and suggestions for the green and sustainable development of China’s agriculture but also academic support for the development of China’s agricultural economy.
Repression of JAK2-STAT1 and PD-L1 by CEP-33779 ameliorates the LPS-induced decline in phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages and mitigates lung injury in mice
Authors: Wang Yu-Han , Li A-Guo , Wang Hong-Yan , Tu Yong-Sheng
Published: November 2024

Background

The role of the JAK2-STAT1/PD-L1 pathway in the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages (AMs) during LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice remains poorly understood. This study aims to explore whether the JAK2-STAT1/PD-L1 pathway is upregulated on AMs in LPS-induced mice acute lung injury and to further explore the impact of the JAK2-specific inhibitor CEP-33779 on the LPS-induced impairment of AMs phagocytic activity and lung injury.

Methods

ALI was induced in mice via intratracheal administration of LPS, followed by intragastric administration of JAK2 inhibitor CEP-33779 suspension. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to assess PD-L1 expression in lung tissue, as well as p-JAK2, p-STAT1, and PD-L1 expression on AMs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using immunofluorescence. Levels of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as protein concentration in BALF, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Bicinchoninic acid assays, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and lung injury score were employed to evaluate pathological changes in mouse lungs. Total cell count in BALF was determined using a cell counter. Furthermore, western blot and immunofluorescence was conducted to assess the effect of JAK2 and STAT1 inhibitor on JAK2-STAT1 pathway activation and PD-L1 expression, while confocal microscopy with latex beads rabbit IgG FITC complex was used to observe MH-S cells phagocytic ability.

Results

The study revealed that LPS stimulation triggered the activation of the JAK2-STAT1 pathway and an upregulation of PD-L1 on AMs in both LPS-induced acute lung injury mice and MH-S cell lines. Moreover, treatment with the JAK2 and STAT1 inhibitor effectively reduced the activation of JAK2-STAT1 signaling, downregulated PD-L1 expression on AMs in BALF from LPS-induced ALI mice and LPS-stimulated MH-S cells, and significantly improved the LPS-induced reduction in phagocytic activity in MH-S cells. Most notably, CEP-33779 treatment significantly mitigated the pulmonary inflammatory response and lung injury in mice with LPS-induced ALI.

Conclusions

Collectively, these findings imply that the JAK2-STAT1 pathway plays a role in the upregulation of PD-L1, which in turn is associated with the diminished phagocytic activity in LPS-induced AMs as well as lung injury. Furthermore, our study highlights that CEP-33779 treatment can effectively improve the reduced phagocytic activity of AMs and relieve lung injury induced by LPS through suppression of the JAK2-STAT1/PD-L1 pathway.
Defective proviruses significantly impact viral transcription and immune activation in men and women with HIV-1 subtype C in rural South Africa
Authors: Buchholtz Ninée V. E. J. , Hermans Lucas E. , Umunnakwe Chijioke N. , Nühn Marieke M. , Voss Regina , Need Emma , Kootstra Neeltje A. , Maurer Irma , de Jong Dorien C. M. , Symons Jori , Tempelman Hugo A. , Wensing Annemarie M. J. , Nijhuis Monique
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The main obstacle to achieving an HIV-1 cure is the proviral reservoir. To promote equity in HIV cure strategies, it is crucial to study the viral reservoir of the predominant HIV-1 subtype C in both women and men. Therefore, we investigated the dynamics of the (intact) viral reservoir in relation to plasma viral load (VL), CD4+ T cell count, and immune activation before and during 96 weeks of successful antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods

Eighty-two participants (62% female) newly initiating ART in a rural clinic in South Africa were included in the study. Blood samples were collected at baseline, week 48, and week 96, and CD4 count was determined. Plasma was used for VL and immune marker analyses, while isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used for the quantification of cellular multiple spliced HIV-1 RNA (msRNA) and the intact proviral DNA assay. For the longitudinal analyses on ART, we selected only those participants who durably suppressed their VL to <200 copies/mL during 48 (n=65) and/or 96 (n=60) weeks of treatment.

Results

At ART initiation, the median CD4 count was 234 cells/mm3 and VL was 68,897 copies/mL. Interestingly, at baseline the number of defective proviruses was significantly correlated with VL (p<0.0001), msRNA (p<0.0001), CD4 count (p=0.0008), CXCL10 (p=0.0003) and TNF-α (p=0.0394). During successful ART, a significant decrease of both the intact and defective proviral reservoir was observed (p<0.0001). The decrease of the intact proviral reservoir was more profound compared to the defective fraction after 96 weeks of therapy. In addition, a significant decrease in cellular msRNA and IL-6, IL-7, TNF-α, sCD14, sCD163, CCL2, CXCL10, and CRP was detected.

Discussion

This study underscores the significant relationship observed prior to therapy initiation between the number of defective proviruses, viral transcription/production and their association with immune response indicators such as CD4 count, CXCL10, and TNF-α. Furthermore, the observation of a less pronounced decrease of the defective proviral DNA highlights the importance of addressing both intact and defective proviruses in therapeutic strategies to enhance clinical outcomes for people with HIV-1. Together, these findings suggest a significant role of the defective proviruses in HIV-related disease progression.
Legal pathways for China’s blue carbon conservation: a perspective of synergizing ocean and climate rule of law
Authors: Li Haitang , Liu Yu
Published: November 2024

Blue carbon serves as a significant natural carbon sink and presents substantial opportunities for greenhouse gas mitigation actions. This study first elucidates the importance of blue carbon conservation and its basis in international law, and then analyzes the progress and shortcomings of China’s efforts in blue carbon protection in the areas of legislation, enforcement, and judicial practices related to ocean governance and climate change mitigation. Finally, from the perspective of coordinating ocean and climate governance, this paper proposes legal pathways to improve blue carbon conservation. In terms of legislation, it advocates for the explicit inclusion of the legal concept of “blue carbon” in the legal frameworks governing ocean and climate governance, and for the clarification of the legal status of “blue carbon credits”. In terms of regulatory enforcement, it recommends developing a detailed implementation plan to integrate blue carbon into the China Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) system, designating a regulatory body for blue carbon trading, and establishing a multi-stakeholder governance mechanism involving government, market, and society. In the judicial realm, the paper suggests issuing judicial interpretations to clarify the scope, prerequisites, and implementation of “purchasing blue carbon credit” to prevent such purchases from becoming a “free pass” that could damage marine ecosystems
Study on the influence of submergence depth on the hydrodynamic and wave load characteristics of semi-submersible structures induced by a solitary wave
Authors: Lin Jinbo , Wu Runzhen , He Yanli , Ma Yingchao , Zhou Zhongbing , Liu Yang , Mao Hongfei , Wu Guanglin
Published: November 2024

The submergence depth directly affects the safety of semi-submersible marine structures due to that the submergence depth significantly impacts on the hydrodynamic characteristics and wave loads of structures excited by extreme wave. This paper studies the influence of submergence depth on the hydrodynamic and wave load characteristics of semi-submersible structures by establishing a numerical model of the interaction between solitary waves and semi-submersible structures based on the SPH model and Rayleigh theory. Furthermore, equations for transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient, and wave load are fitted. The calculated wave heights of solitary wave propagation test case are in good agreement with the theoretical values. The maximum relative error of the wave peak is 8.4%. The calculated wave loads of submerged horizontal plates test case has a consistent trend with the experimental data. The maximum relative error of wave load peak and valley is 54% (absolute error 0.37 N). Furthermore, the interaction between solitary waves and structures with different submergence depths is investigated by using the meshless numerical model. It is found that the reflection coefficient first increases and then decreases with increasing submergence depth, and reaching a maximum value of 0.39 at the submergence depth equal to 0.0 m. On the contrary, the transmission coefficient decreases first and then increases with the increase of submergence depth. The minimum value of transmission coefficient is 0.36 with the submergence depth of 0.3 m. As the submergence depth increased, the horizontal wave load peak of the structure gradually increases, and the maximum value of 0.13 is obtained at the submergence depth of 0.7 m. The peak of vertical wave load rapidly increases with the increase of submergence depth and then gradually decreases while the trough gradually decreases with increasing submergence depth.
Development and external validation of a prediction model for the risk of relapse in psoriasis after discontinuation of biologics
Authors: Huang Shan , Chen Bailin , Qi Yiming , Duan Xingwu , Bai Yanping
Published: November 2024

Background

Some patients with psoriasis experience relapses shortly after discontinuation of biologics. However, there is a lack of risk prediction tools to identify those at high risk of relapse.

Objective

To develop and validate a risk prediction model for psoriasis relapse after biologics discontinuation.

Methods

Publications from PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched and meta-analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for psoriasis relapse after biologics discontinuation. Statistically significant risk factors were identified and used to create a risk assessment model weighted by the impact of each factor. The model was externally validated using a cohort of 416 Chinese psoriasis patients.

Results

Eight studies (N = 2066) were included in the meta-analysis. Body mass index (BMI), smoking, disease duration, comorbid psoriatic arthritis (PsA), remission speed and extent during treatment, history of biologic therapy, and therapy duration were identified as correlates of relapse in the meta-analysis and were incorporated into the prediction model. The median age of the 416 patients in the validation cohort was 41.5 (IQR 32, 53) years, with 63% male, and a baseline PASI score of 15.4 (IQR 10.5, 21). It was verified that the area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model was 0.796 (95% CI, 0.753–0.839), with an optimal cut-off value of 11.25 points, sensitivity of 65.1%, and specificity of 82.2%.

Conclusion

Multivariate models using available clinical parameters can predict relapse risk in psoriasis patients after biologics discontinuation. Early individual identification of patients at risk of relapse, and screening of candidate cohorts for long-term treatment or dose reduction may benefit both patients and physicians.
Comparison of different exercise modalities on fatigue and muscular fitness in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review with network, and dose–response meta-analyses
Authors: Zhang Xi-Nuan , Liang Zhi-De , Li Ming-Da
Published: November 2024

Background

Fatigue and muscular fitness are closely related to the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the optimal exercise dosage to improve these outcomes remains unclear.

Objective

We evaluated the effects of different exercise modalities and dosages on fatigue levels and muscular fitness in patients with MS.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted across five electronic databases, including randomized controlled trials involving exercise interventions for patients with MS. The data covered literature from the establishment of each database up to August 2024. Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of the studies. Network and dose–response meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to evaluate the impact of exercise.

Results

A total of 84 papers were included, involving 3,786 participants. The network meta-analysis revealed that mind–body exercise (MBE) had the most significant effect on reducing fatigue (SMD = −0.94; 95% CrI: −1.3 to −0.6), followed by resistance training (RT) (SMD = −0.86; 95% CrI: −1.2 to −0.58), combined exercise (COM) (SMD = −0.70; 95% CrI: −1.2 to −0.22), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (SMD = −0.50; 95% CrI: −1.1 to 0.14). Additionally, HIIT were found to be the most effective in improving muscular fitness (SMD = −0.86; 95% CrI: −1.5 to −0.27), followed by COM (SMD = −0.81; 95% CrI: −1.2 to −0.41), MBE (SMD = −0.64; 95% CrI: −1.1 to −0.16), and RT (SMD = −0.62; 95% CrI: −0.89 to −0.16). Moreover, a dose as low as 240 METs-min/week was sufficient to improve fatigue, while a dose of 430 METs-min/week was required to enhance muscular fitness. The optimal dose for reducing fatigue was 650 METs-min/week, and the best dose for improving muscular fitness was 530 METs-min/week.

Conclusion

Exercise is an effective method for improving fatigue and muscular fitness in patients with MS. While MBE and COM rank relatively higher compared to other exercise modalities. The optimal exercise dosage for reducing fatigue and improving muscular fitness ranges between approximately 530 to 860 MET-minutes per week.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42024577643.
Immediate consecutive microvascular decompression for bilateral classical trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Segura-Lozano Mauro Alberto , del Real-Gallegos Mario Alexis , Mendoza-Lemus Pedro , Carranza-Rentería Octavio , Torres-Torres Yael Rodrigo , González-Silva Alejandro , Santoyo-Pantoja Arturo , Munguía-Rodríguez Aarón Giovanni
Published: November 2024

Background

Classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterized by sudden, severe facial pain, typically resulting from a neurovascular conflict affecting the trigeminal nerve. In rare cases, both nerves are affected simultaneously causing bilateral TN (BTN), increasing the complexity of the treatment. Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a well-established treatment for TN; however, the experience with immediate consecutive bilateral MVD procedures is limited and requires further evaluation.

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of immediate consecutive bilateral MVD in patients with severe BTN compared to non-consecutive bilateral MVD procedures.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 15 patients with BTN who underwent bilateral MVD. The data on clinical presentation, surgical technique, perioperative findings, complications, and follow-up outcomes of three cases of BTN treated with consecutive bilateral MVD surgeries were analyzed and compared to 12 who received separated procedures. Moreover, a detailed presentation of the three cases of consecutive MVD is provided to illustrate clinical decision-making, surgical nuances, and individual outcomes.

Results

Both groups achieved significant pain relief (p < 0.001) without notable differences in Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain intensity score (p = 0.305), indicating that both approaches were equally effective. The consecutive MVD group experienced a shorter total surgical duration (p = 0.025), while postoperative complications were comparable (p = 0.077), mostly transient with no major adverse events or mortality. At the last follow-up, the patients remained pain-free without recurrence of TN symptoms.

Conclusion

Consecutive bilateral MVD is a safe and effective option, comparable to non-consecutive procedures for treating BTN. This approach provides a viable alternative for patients with severe bilateral symptoms or when medical constraints limit the possibility of two separate surgeries. Further studies with larger cohorts and extended follow-up periods are needed to support these results.
Methylphenidate treatment of a Chinese boy with Becker muscular dystrophy combined with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a case report
Authors: Shen Fang , Zhou Hui
Published: November 2024

Background

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an X-linked recessive inherited disorder characterized by slowly progressing muscle weakness of the legs and pelvis, caused by mutations in the DMD gene, which encodes dystrophin protein. Different from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), in which dystrophin is completely absent in muscle tissue, while in BMD, the dystrophin gene can express some protein, but not enough. It has also been shown that a proportion of patients with DMD suffer from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the use of the stimulant methylphenidate has been suggested for the treatment of patients with DMD in combination with ADHD. However, there are no case reports on the treatment of co-occurring ADHD in BMD.

Case presentation

The patient was a 9-year-old boy who presented with elevated serum creatine kinase levels and inattention. The magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh muscles of both lower limbs suggested partial fatty infiltration of the gluteus maximus muscle bilaterally, and a novel heterozygous mutation (c.31 + 6 T > C) was identified in the DMD gene by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and the sequencing results were verified by using the Sanger method. The child was also diagnosed with co-morbid ADHD after a thorough evaluation and considering this new diagnosis, we started treatment with methylphenidate at a dose of 18 mg/day, and after 6 months of treatment, he showed a significant improvement in his attention span.

Conclusion

We identified a novel heterozygous mutation in the DMD gene, which will expand the spectrum of pathogenic variants in BMD. Simultaneously, methylphenidate treatment significantly improved attention in children with BMD co-morbid with ADHD, and this study provides value for future therapeutic protocols for BMD combined with ADHD. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the only reported case report on the treatment of BMD co-morbid ADHD. So further studies are needed to determine the interrelationship between these disorders and their treatment.
Case report: Successful use of ruxolitinib to treat interstitial pneumonia as an unusual primary presentation in primary myelofibrosis—two birds with one stone
Authors: Xiao Pingping , Dong Zhigao , Wang Qingqing , Su Junnan , Chen Yongquan , Lin Yiwan
Published: November 2024

Background

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a rare clinical presentation of primary myelofibrosis (PMF).

Case presentation

We report a case of ILD as the main manifestation on admission. A 58-year-old man was diagnosed with PMF owing to worsening anemia following treatment failure for conventional interstitial pneumonia.

Results

Anemia and interstitial pneumonia both significantly improved following treatment with a Janus kinase 2 gene inhibitor. In this report, we discuss the possible mechanisms underlying PMF complicated with ILD.
Asystematic review and meta-analysis of clinical prognostic factors linked to extravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy to treat upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Guanlan , Jiang Zhaoqiang , Chen Jiawei , Zhao Ying , Wang Jianan , Liu Jinxing , Ding Zhenshan , Shan Lei
Published: November 2024

Objective

Numerous studies have investigated predictors of intravesical recurrence following radical nephrectomy (RNU) in patients with upper urinary tract uroepithelial carcinoma (UTUC). In contrast, extravesical recurrence (EUR) has received less focus. Consequently, this study aims to evaluate the significant predictors of EUR after RNU through a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis.

Methodology

We conducted a computerized bibliographic search across PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify reports that include detailed results from multivariate analyses of predictors of EUR. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the AMSTAR (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews) criteria, we selected thirteen retrospective studies, each with a sample size exceeding 100 cases. Using Review Manager 5.4 software, we performed cumulative analyses of available HR and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals to evaluate potential predictors of EUR.

Results

Our findings indicate that patient-specific predictors include preoperative Ki-67 with a HR of 3.61 (P = 0.003), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with an HR of 2.20 (P = 0.0005), and glomerular filtration rate with an HR of 3.35 (P = 0.0009). Tumor-specific predictors identified were tumor stage with an HR of 4.67 (P < 0.00001), lymphovascular invasion with an HR of 2.37 (P = 0.004), and lymph node status with an HR of 2.68 (P < 0.0001). Regarding treatment-specific predictors, positive surgical margins were associated with an HR of 3.97 (P = 0.0005), and adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with an HR of 1.65 (P = 0.03).

Discussion

Our study identified three significant predictors across patient, tumor, and treatment dimensions for extravesical recurrence following radical nephroureterectomy in patients with upper urinary tract uroepithelial carcinoma. We hypothesize that history of bladder cancer, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and urinary cytology could also be strong predictors of post- RNU extravesical recurrence in patients with upper UTUC, assuming adequate sample size and controlled heterogeneity. This research aims to provide urological clinicians with enhanced guidance for postoperative decision-making.
Sialylation inhibition improves macrophage mediated tumor cell phagocytosis of breast cancer cells triggered by therapeutic antibodies of different isotypes
Authors: Lustig Marta , Hahn Christoph , Leangen Herigstad Marie , Andersen Jan Terje , Leusen Jeanette H. W. , Burger Renate , Valerius Thomas
Published: November 2024

Tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages is considered a relevant mechanism of action for many therapeutic IgG antibodies. However, tumor cells employ several mechanisms to evade immune recognition, including hypersialylation. Here, we describe how reduction of sialic acid exposure on tumor cells promotes antibody-dependent tumor cell phagocytosis (ADCP) by macrophages. Incubation with the sialyltransferase inhibitor (STi) P-3Fax-Neu5Ac reduced sialylation on two breast cancer cell lines, rendering these cells more susceptible to macrophage mediated phagocytosis by EGFR or HER2 antibodies. This was observed with not only IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies but also IgA2 variants. These results show that inhibiting sialic acid exposure triggers enhanced tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages irrespective of the antibody isotype and the tumor target antigen. Investigating the underlying mechanisms of enhanced ADCP, we observed reduced binding of soluble sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglec)-7 and Siglec-9 to tumor cells after sialylation inhibition. However, Fc silent blocking antibodies against Siglec-7 or Siglec-9, or their combination, only marginally improved ADCP. Our results further promote the concept of cancer hypersialylation as immune escape mechanism, which could serve as target to improve tumor immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies.
Role of anoikis-related gene RAC3 in prognosis, immune microenvironment, and contribution to malignant behavior in vitro and in vivo of bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Yusong , Huang Shiwei , Yang Bing , Tan Jing , Zhang Zhun , Liu Wei
Published: November 2024

Background

Anoikis disrupts the normal apoptotic process in cells, leading to abnormal proliferation and migration, thereby promoting tumor formation and development. However, the role of anoikis in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) still requires further exploration.

Methods

Anoikis-related genes (ARGs) were retrieved from the GeneCards and Harmonizome databases to distinguish various subtypes of BLCA and develop a predictive model for BLCA. The immune microenvironment and enrichment pathways between various subtypes were also analyzed using consensus clustering. Potential medications were screened by utilizing drug sensitivity analysis. In vitro and vivo, the character of the independent prognostic gene in BLCA was confirmed through cell studies and mouse xenograft models.

Results

One hundred thirty differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and nine of them were chosen to construct predictive models that can accurately forecast the prognosis of BLCA patients. K = 2 was correctly identified as the optimal clustering type for BLCA, showing prominent differences in survival rates between the two subgroups. The immune-related functional studies manifested that the two subtypes’ immune cell expressions differed. It was verified that RAC3 is an independent prognostic gene for BLCA. RAC3 shows high expression levels in BLCA, as indicated by its consistent mRNA and protein levels across different gene expressions. The functional verification results of RAC3 in BLCA showed that silencing RAC3 can significantly inhibit BLCA cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration. RAC3 knockdown inhibited the growth and migration of BLCA in vivo. SB505124 exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of BLCA cells.

Conclusion

Based on the predictive model developed in this study, BLCA patients’ prognoses can be accurately predicted. SB505124 could become an important drug in the treatment of BLCA patients. RAC3 is essential in prognosis, immune microenvironment, and malignant behavior of BLCA in vitro and in vivo. It will also offer the potential for personalized treatment for BLCA patients and generate new research avenues for clinical investigators.
Optimal management strategies for promoting gestational extension in dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies
Authors: Chen Caixia , Fan Changyou , Wang Bufei , Zhu Ping
Published: November 2024

Background

Preterm birth is a significant concern in multiple pregnancies, warranting effective strategies to improve outcomes. Delaying delivery of the second fetus is crucial for reducing perinatal mortality rates.

Case Presentation

In a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy, one fetus experienced premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at 16+6 weeks gestation. Proactive fetal reduction through potassium chloride injection and emergency cervical cerclage at 19+1 week successfully extended the pregnancy to 39+5 weeks, resulting in a notable 160-day prolongation. Postoperative management encompassed comprehensive tocolytic therapy.

Conclusion

The combined approach of proactive fetal reduction and emergency cervical cerclage proved successful in managing PROM in dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies. This innovative strategy offers a promising clinical solution for optimizing outcomes and prolonging gestation in high-risk multiple pregnancies, underscoring the importance of tailored interventions in complex obstetric scenarios.
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium on physiology and yield of peanut under drought conditions
Authors: Aninbon Chorkaew , Teamkao Pattrarat , Buram Kiattisak , Kaewnoo Tipawan , Ruttanaprasert Ruttanachira , Janket Anon , Mon Yi Yi , Kaewtaphan Phissanu
Published: November 2024

Drought is the one primary issue limiting peanut growth and productivity. The study aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), rhizobium (Rhi), and their combinations on phenolic content, proline content, growth, and yield of peanut under different soil water regimes. The pot experiments were carried out for two growing seasons under greenhouse conditions and designed based on a 2×3 factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Factor A comprised two soil water regimes: field capacity (FC) and 1/3 available soil water (1/3 AW), whereas factor B included three different types of microorganisms: (i) uninoculated control, (ii) arbuscular mycorrhiza (AMF), and (iii) a combination of AMF and rhizobium (Rhi) inoculations. Data were collected for growth, proline content, phenolic content, yield, and yield components. Drought stress significantly reduced in relative water content, leaf area, biomass, yield, and yield components of peanut, whereas leaf phenolic content was increased under drought stress. Higher pod dry weight was achieved under FC conditions (28.87 g plant-1), and it was reduced to 16.06 g plant-1 under 1/3 FC. Interestingly, AMF+Rhi synergistically increased the leaf area compared with non-incubated peanut under 1/3 FC conditions. AMF-inoculated peanut tended to increase biomass, while the combination of AMF+Rhi tended to have higher yield components compared with uninoculated control, especially for the weight of 100 seeds.
The transcription factor FcMYB3 responds to 60Co γ-ray irradiation of axillary buds in Ficus carica L. by activating the expression of the NADPH oxidase, FcRbohD
Authors: Song Miaoyu , Chen Ziyu , Bahayiding Wupur , Li Jinping , Ma Huiqin , Wang Ziran
Published: November 2024

Plant irradiation has been used to induce genetic variation in crop germplasm. However, the underlying mechanisms of plant responses to ionizing radiation stress are still unclear. In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced with abiotic stress. Respiratory burst oxidative homologs (Rboh) genes are important regulators of plant ROS stress responses, but little is known of their involvement in the response to ionizing radiation stress. In this study, young branches of Ficus carica L. were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays and axillary buds were collected after 3- 48 h after irradiation. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs; p< 0.05) detected included an early (6 h) and sustained increase in member of the MAPK signaling pathway. The activities of superoxide dismutase SOD, POD and CAT in fig axillary buds showed a trend of first decrease and then increase with time, while the contents of MDA and H2O2 maintained an overall upward trend. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs; p < 0.05) indicated an early (6 h) and sustained increase in member of the MAPK signaling pathway. DEGs for glutathione-s-transferase and genes involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were detected at all time points, indicating that γ-irradiation induced an increased capacity for in ROS-scavenging. Substantial changes in the expression of MYB, NAC and bHLH transcription factor family members were also seen to occur within 6 h after irradiation. Taking Rboh-derived ROS signaling pathway as the entry point, the MYB transcription factor, FcMYB3, was identified as an potential upstream regulator of FcRbohD in a yeast one hybrid assay and this interaction verified by LUC and EMSA experiments. The knock-down and overexpression of FcMYB3 indicated that FcMYB3 is a positive regulator of ROS accumulation in response to γ-ray radiation stress responses in fig. Our results will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of radiation tolerance in plant materials.
High-resolution dendrometer measurements reveal different responses of Douglas-fir to extreme drought in 2018 depending on soil and rooting characteristics
Authors: Spangenberg Göran , Zimmermann Reiner , Küppers Manfred , Hein Sebastian
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is considered an important non-native substitute tree species in Europe, especially for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), mainly due to its higher drought tolerance. However, Douglas-fir has also shown increasing mortality in certain regions of the world. One of the main reasons is the increase in drought and heat periods due to climate change. There is still a need for research on the influence of important soil properties and rooting characteristics on the drought tolerance of Douglas-fir. Therefore, we analyzed the influence of soil texture, plant-available water capacity (PAWC), fine root density, and effective rooting depth on water status and thus drought stress in Douglas-fir during the extreme drought of 2018.

Methods

We selected seven closely spaced sites along a soil texture gradient from sand to clay at an elevation of ca. 500 m a.s.l. in southern Germany and determined soil physical and rooting characteristics. Water status parameters and growth duration were derived from dendrometer data at five Douglas-firs per site. The influence of soil and rooting characteristics on these drought stress-related parameters was analyzed using mixed-effects models. The focus was on two summer drought periods in 2018.

Results and discussion

In the initial stage of the extreme summer drought of 2018 (in June), a higher PAWC and a higher fine root density reduced drought stress. However, these influences were no longer noticeable in the later stage of drought (in August), probably due to deeper soil desiccation. In August, a higher effective rooting depth reduced drought stress. Soil texture had a significant influence, particularly on growth duration. This study provides information on site selection for Douglas-fir cultivation under the predicted increase in severe drought, showing the importance of deep and intensive rooting, and points to the need for combined above- and belowground investigations for a better understanding of the drought response patterns of tree species.
Structural and evolutionary analyses of the mitochondrial genome of Spuriopimpinella brachycarpa
Authors: Han Jun , Xu Wenbo , Yu Huanxi , Han Yun , Zhu Ming
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Spuriopimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Kitag., a member of the Apiaceae family, is a perennial aromatic herb native to Northeast Asia with applications in culinary and traditional medicine. Despite its significance, most studies on S. brachycarpa have primarily focused on its phytochemical properties, with limited insights into its molecular and genomic characteristics.

Methods

This study presents the sequencing and assembly of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of S. brachycarpa using second- and third-generation high-throughput sequencing technologies. Comprehensive analyses were performed on its structural organization, RNA editing sites, relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), and repeat sequences. Comparative analyses with closely related species were also conducted.

Results

The mitogenome exhibited a multi-branched structure, with a total length of 523,512 bp and a GC content of 43.37%. Annotation revealed 30 unique protein-coding genes, 21 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes. Comparative analysis indicated that the S. brachycarpa mitogenome contains structural variations but shares collinear features with other Apiaceae species. We identified 618 potential RNA editing sites involving C-to-U conversions and discovered 59 homologous fragments between the mitogenome and plastome, comprising 8.13% of the mitogenome.

Discussion

These results enrich the genomic database of Apiaceae, providing valuable insights into the evolutionary relationships and genetic diversity within the family.
Allelopathy and underlying mechanism of mango (Mangifera indica) peel extracts on Alexandrium catenella
Authors: Wang Yanqun , Zang Yu , Zhao Wenxi , Xu Mengxue , Bai Jie , Li Li
Published: November 2024

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have always been a worldwide environmental issue. The methods based on the principle of allelopathy provide a novel direction for controlling HABs; however, there are a few studies on the application of allelopathic algaecides to control harmful algae in marine environments. Here we examined the algicidal capacity of 15 fruit peel extracts with biological activity on Alexandrium catenella. The results displayed that the mango peel extracts (MPE) showed efficient inhibition on species growth. The algicidal rate reached 93.32 ± 0.56% at 96 h after adding 5 g/L MPE to the culture medium of A. catenella. Furthermore, we found that the expression of key genes involved in PSII and PSI was downregulated as well as obstructed the electron transportation in the light reaction process and the synthesis of organic matter. The blocked photosynthetic chain induced the accumulation of substantial reactive oxygen species, resulting in severe peroxidation of the membrane lipids. Simultaneously, the expression pattern of key genes involved in the fatty acid, amino acid, and peroxisome breakdown pathways was upregulated, which suggested that the synthesis and decomposition of intracellular organic matter may be in an imbalanced state. The results above indicated that oxidative damage and energy metabolism disequilibrium are two key pathways by which MPE induced algal cell death. Furthermore, several kinds of active substances and their proportion in MPE had been identified by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. It is speculated that esters may be the important component playing an algicidal effect. However, the specific substance that plays a key role in inhibiting the growth of A. catenella and the algicidal mechanism remain to be further studied. This study might provide a new direction in the management of HABs in the future.
‘God is always on my side’: internal and external predictors of workplace bullying targets’ help-seeking behavior in a religious context
Authors: Deikus Mykolas , Vveinhardt Jolita
Published: November 2024

Workplace bullying is a pervasive issue that affects millions of individuals worldwide, leading to severe psychological and social consequences. This study examines the factors influencing the decisions of religious individuals who have experienced workplace bullying, with an explicit focus on their choice to seek help from their religious community. The study involved respondents from various religious groups, most of whom were Roman Catholic. The research employs a cross-sectional design, integrating quantitative analysis with qualitative insights. Data from 1,231 respondents were analyzed via descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and content analysis methods. The main coping strategies identified were self-coping and seeking help within a close, trusted environment. Attitudes toward the religious organization (subjective norms) consistently predicted help-seeking decisions more accurately than access to religious counseling (perceived behavioral control) or personal values. This research provides one of the first empirical insights into how religious communities can actively mitigate the psychological impact of workplace bullying, offering a novel perspective on the intersection of faith and mental health. The findings suggest that religious organizations could be crucial in supporting victims by enhancing outreach and counseling services, contributing to a holistic approach to workplace well-being. These findings have significant implications for religious communities, highlighting their potential to support their members in times of active distress.