bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between cognitive impairment and olfactory deficits in systemic lupus erythematosus without major neuropsychiatric syndromes
Authors: Xu Xue , Kong Wei , Geng Linyu , Chen Chen , Yang Hailong , Bian Wenjuan , Chen Siwen , Xu Renju , Liang Jun , Sun Lingyun
Published: September 2023

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the utility of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), evaluate cognitive deficits in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and examine the relationship between cognitive and olfactory functions.

Methods

55 SLE patients and 50 healthy controls were administered by RBANS including five indexes: immediate memory (IMME), visuospatial/constructional (Vis/Con), language (LANG), attention (ATT), and delayed memory (DEME). Olfactory functions were evaluated by computerized testing including three stages of smell: threshold (THR), identification (ID), and memory (ME) of different odors. The disease activity and cumulative damage were assessed by the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Damage Index (SDI).

Results

SLE patients exhibited significant lower total RBANS scores, IMME, Vis/Con, ATT, and DEME index scores than healthy controls ( p < 0.01 for all and p = 0.027 for attention). Reduced RBANS scores were associated with several organ involvement and autoantibodies. SLE patients with higher SLEDAI-2K scores or with accumulated damage (SDI≥1) showed decreased RBANS scores. All the olfactory scores in SLE patients were significantly decreased than controls ( p = 0.001). Patients had higher proportion of anosmia (8.57% vs 0%) and hyposmia (28.58% vs 5.72%) than controls (χ2 = 10.533, p = 0.015). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that olfactory functions had a positive effect on RBANS index scores. Olfactory memory and total scores were significantly correlated with the DEME (r = 0.393, p = 0.021) and total scores (r = 0.429, p = 0.011).

Conclusion

This study indicates that significantly cognitive and olfactory functions are impaired in SLE patients. The RBANS is a potentially useful instrument for evaluating neuropsychological status in SLE. Physicians are encouraged to perform routine screening in SLE patients to detect subtle cognitive dysfunction.
Induction of Apoptosis by Cynaropicrin in Human Colon Cancer Cell Line HCT-116 through the Mitochondria-mediated Apoptotic Pathway
Authors: Wang Lei , Bie Xiaoqin , Mickymaray Suresh , Alothaim Abdulaziz S. , Pei Yan , Gong Huaping
Published: September 2023

Background

Colon cancer continues to be the third most commonly occurring cancer around the globe with both lifestyle-related risk factors and genetic dispositions. Owing to the increased incidence of the disease, there is a need to find new treatment options which are easily accessible and less toxic to the cells. Cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene extract from the artichoke plant exhibits varied properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant among others. In the current investigation, the anti-cancer potential of the cynaropicrin extract was observed against colon cancer in HCT-116 cell lines.

Materials and Methods

The drug exhibited a considerable decrease in cell proliferation. Also analyzed was the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis induction by cynaropicrin on the HCT-116 cell line. The AO/EtBr staining confirmed the apoptotic induction through chromatin condensation by fluorescence microscopic examination followed by DAPI staining of the treated HCT-116 cells which showed nuclear condensation and disintegration.

Results

Furthermore, it was observed that cynaropicrin elevated the levels of ROS in the cells which modified the mitochondrial membrane permeability in the HCT-116 cell lines. The study also evaluated the levels of apoptotic proteins and the expression of inflammatory cytokines concerning cells treated with cynaropicrin and untreated control cells.

Conclusion

It has been observed that cynaropicrin treatment can lead to apoptosis in the HCT-116 cell line via mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway and if further evaluated, it can turn out to be a potent anti-cancer drug for effective management of colon cancer.
A Nomogram to Predict the Overall Survival of Patients With Resected T1-2N0-1M0 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and to Identify the Optimal Candidates for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage IB or IIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhou Juying
Published: September 2023

Background

The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for IB/IIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains uncertain. This study aimed to develop a prognostic model to predict overall survival in resected NSCLC patients with T1-2N0-1M0 stage and identify optimal candidates for postoperative chemotherapy among those with stage IB or IIA disease.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study using the SEER 18 database (2000–2018, November 2020 submission) of patients who underwent radical surgery for T1-2N0-1M0 NSCLC. The patients not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. A prognostic nomogram was established and evaluated using calibration and receiver operating characteristic curves. Based on the nomogram, stage IB and IIA patients were categorized into two prognostic groups, each further divided into cohorts based on adjuvant chemotherapy status. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to compare overall survival between these groups.

Results

A total of 14 789 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to the training cohort (n = 10 352) and validation cohort (n = 4437). Ten independent prognostic factors were identified and integrated into the prognostic model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was .706, .699, and .705 in the training cohort, and .700, .698, and .695 in the validation cohort at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Among stage IB and IIA patients, only those in the high-risk group showed a significant benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, with a 16.4% absolute increase in 5-year overall survival.

Conclusions

The nomogram developed in the study may help physicians choose the most appropriate management strategy for each patient.
The AcademicAssessmentMachine: Posthuman Possibilities of/for Doing Assignments and Assessments Differently
Authors: Taylor Carol A. , Huckle Jacob
Published: September 2023

This article brings a posthuman approach to assignments and assessments as they are configured in and by normative practices in educational institutions, including schools and universities. Composed as a collaborative posthuman autoethnography, we use the figuration of the AcademicAssessmentMachine to illuminate how educational assessment-as-usual positions, hierarchizes, grades, and disposes human bodies—both teachers and students—in ways that are affectively damaging and socially unjust. In rethinking educational assignments and assessment as a more-than-human affair, we swerve its purpose and doings toward more affirmative possibilities. We ask how might we disrupt the AcademicAssessmentMachine while being caught within it ourselves?
Thematic Analysis of Mental Health Nurses’ Views of Contributing Factors Fueling Workplace Violence in Psychiatric Hospitals: Insights From Unsung Soldiers
Authors: Abu Khait Abdallah , Mrayyan Majd T. , Algunmeeyn Abdullah
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Workplace violence against mental health nurses is an international phenomenon that sparks concerns for nurses’ safety and mental health. This phenomenon has recently arisen as a crucial concern in the Middle East as it has become pervasive and has negative implications, causing nurses to accumulate psychological and emotional distress. However, no research has yet investigated the contributing factors of this phenomenon in Jordanian psychiatric hospitals from the nurses’ perspectives.

AIMS:

This study aimed to explore the factors contributing to workplace violence in Jordanian psychiatric hospitals from the perspective of mental health nurses.

METHOD:

An exploratory, qualitative design was utilized. Using audio-recorded, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews, a purposive sample of 24 mental health nurses were interviewed to collect data. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS:

Four overarching themes were identified: Peak Time of Violence, Unavoidable Part of the Job, Poor Organization and Lack of Policy, and Bite the Bullet.

CONCLUSION:

From nurses’ perspectives, an in-depth understanding of factors contributing to workplace violence provides a foundation for developing preventive interventions, improving work environment safety, and promoting nurses’ mental health. Prevention strategies and further studies are warranted to limit this phenomenon.
Influence of MoS2 coating treatment on the damage behaviour of the self-lubricating friction pair of spherical plain bearings
Authors: Zong Fatao , Yang Xiaoqiang , Tan Deqiang , Ye Qiang , Hu Yue , He Qiang , Yang Wenfeng , Gao Huiying
Published: September 2023

This study applied a MoS2 coating layer on the surface of 100Cr6 bearing steel balls through high-temperature sintering and tested and evaluated the modified friction pair. Compared to the unmodified friction pair, the MoS2 coating treatment significantly improved the self-lubricating property of the friction pair, reduced the friction coefficient of the friction pair by 0.05, maximum wear depth was reduced by 32% during the test cycle and prolonged the retention time of the PTFE transfer film at the friction interface. After modification, the wear mechanism of the friction pair changed from abrasive wear to fatigue wear and then to slight adhesive wear. Results indicate that MoS2 coating has great application prospects in improving the tribological properties and operational reliability of spherical plain bearings.
Study on momentum gradient descent on-line engine calibration algorithm combined with search space division
Authors: Huang Ying , Wang Jian , He Weiliang
Published: September 2023

Because of the control problem complexity, engine calibration becomes a multi-object nonconvex optimization problem (MONCOP). To solve this problem and shorten the calibration time, this study proposes an innovative on-line engine calibration algorithm which combines momentum gradient descent algorithm with search space division (MGD-SSD). Firstly, taking a two-stroke kerosene engine as the research object, the engine response model is built by support vector machine (SVM), and based on the analysis of the spark timing and air-to-fuel ratio calibration problem, MAPs of objective function value under three typical engine operation conditions are established. Then the design of MGD-SSD is introduced in detail. The search space division is used to find the appropriate initial point quickly and the momentum gradient descent algorithm is used to quickly find the global best point through the appropriate initial point. A comparative study on three methods including genetic algorithm (GA), genetic and gradient descent hybrid algorithm (GGD) and MGD-SSD is carried out through benchmark function test and virtual calibration test. All tests show that the MGD-SSD is able to find the global optimal solution with higher accuracy and fewer iterations. Finally, the bench test of MGD is carried out, and the validity of the algorithm is verified.
Nondeformed Ultrasound Image Production Method for Ultrasound-Guided Radiotherapy
Authors: Li Qixuan , Zhang Fan , Xi Qianyi , Jiao Zhuqing , Ni Xinye
Published: September 2023

Purpose: During ultrasound (US)-guided radiotherapy, the tissue is deformed by probe pressure, and the US image is limited by changes in tissue and organ position and geometry when the US image is aligned with computed tomography (CT) image, leading to poor alignment. Accordingly, a pixel displacement-based nondeformed US image production method is proposed. Methods: The correction of US image deformation is achieved by calculating the pixel displacement of an image. The positioning CT image (CTstd) is used as the gold standard. The deformed US image (USdef) is inputted into the Harris algorithm to extract corner points for selecting feature points, and the displacement of adjacent pixels of feature points in the US video stream is calculated using the Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm. The moving least squares algorithm is used to correct USdef globally and locally in accordance with image pixel displacement to generate a nondeformed US image (USrev). In addition, USdef and USrev were separately aligned with CTstd to evaluate the improvement of alignment accuracy through deformation correction. Results: In the phantom experiment, the overall and local average correction errors of the US image under the optimal probe pressure were 1.0944 and 0.7388 mm, respectively, and the registration accuracy of USdef and USrev with CTstd was 0.6764 and 0.9016, respectively. During the volunteer experiment, the correction error of all 12 patients’ data ranged from −1.7525 to 1.5685 mm, with a mean absolute error of 0.8612 mm. The improvement range of US and CT registration accuracy, before and after image deformation correction in the 12 patients evaluated by a normalized correlation coefficient, was 0.1232 to 0.2476. Conclusion: The pixel displacement-based deformation correction method can solve the limitation imposed by image deformation on image alignment in US-guided radiotherapy. Compared with USdef, the alignment results of USrev with CT were better.
The Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a Tertiary Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Afacan Yıldırım Elif , Can Edek Yusuf , Adısen Esra
Published: September 2023

Since pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis, epidemiological and clinical data on the disease are scarce. In this single-center retrospective study, we aim to evaluate the clinical characteristics, underlying systemic associations and treatment modalities in patients with PG in a university hospital between 2014 and 2022. It is known that PG most commonly affects the lower extremities, but extracutaneous involvement should also be kept in mind. PG is usually associated with various comorbidities that share a similar inflammatory pathogenesis with the disease. The prevalence of PG-related comorbidities varies in different studies, arthritis and solid organ malignancies were observed most frequently in the current study. Non-PG-related comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and peripheral vascular disease can adversely affect wound healing and limit treatment options; therefore, a holistic approach to patients with PG is crucial. Consistent with literature, the mainstay of treatment for PG is systemic corticosteroids and cyclosporine. However, the implementation of biologic agents in treatment-resistant patients is an increasingly important issue in the literature. Antitumor necrosis factors (anti-TNFs) are the most commonly preferred biological therapies, and these agents seem to have paved the way for a paradigm shift in the treatment of PG. In the present study, a relatively high per cent of (23.3%) patients treated with anti-TNFs, most commonly infliximab (87.5%). Recurrence was observed in 46.7% of our patients in the follow-up period and the relapse rate was found to be higher in patients using multiple systemic agents compared to those using single agents (64.7% vs 23.1%, P < .05). In conclusion, we emphasize that early diagnosis and treatment by considering the patient's comorbidities are important in preventing complications, and biologic treatments seem particularly promising in treatment-resistant patients.
Long-form recordings in low- and middle-income countries: recommendations to achieve respectful research
Authors: Léon Mathilde , Meera Shoba S , Fiévet Anne-Caroline , Cristia Alejandrina
Published: September 2023

The last decade has seen a rise in big data approaches, including in the humanities, whereby large quantities of data are collected and analysed. In this paper, we discuss long-form audio recordings that result from individuals wearing a recording device for many hours. Linguists, psychologists and anthropologists can use them, for example, to study infants’ or adults’ linguistic behaviour. In the past, recorded individuals and communities have resided in high-income countries (HICs) almost exclusively. Recognising the need for better representation of all cultures and linguistic experiences, researchers have more recently started to collect long-form audio recordings in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aim to help researchers to collect, analyse and use these recordings ethically. To do so, we identify four main ethical challenges linked to research that relies on long-form recordings in LMICs. We provide recommendations to overcome these challenges. These considerations should be useful to researchers employing other big data techniques collected via wearables.
Carpal dislocations
Authors: Heineman Nathan , Do Dang-Huy , Golden Ann
Published: September 2023

Carpal dislocations result from sequential disruption of the complex relationship between the bones and ligaments of the wrist. Injuries to the carpus occur via predictable mechanisms, an understanding of which is critical to identify and treat these frequently missed patterns of injury and to avoid the sequela of chronic instability. Lunate dislocations are by far the most common, but isolated dislocation of other carpal bones can also occur. Open reduction and internal fixation still remains the gold standard for treatment regardless of the debate around the specific approaches. These high-energy injuries are associated with significant long-term morbidity even when identified promptly and appropriately treated. This review will focus on the evaluation and management of common forms of carpal dislocations.
Barriers to Work, Psychosocial Resources, and Work-Family Balance: Exploring Lived Experiences of Persons with Disabilities in Ghana
Authors: Annor Francis , Nyarko Ernestina , Mensah Edith
Published: September 2023

This study explored workplace barriers, psychosocial resources, and experiences of combining work and family roles among persons with disabilities in Ghana. Using a qualitative description approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 individuals with physical disabilities who are engaged in paid work. Thematic analysis of the data showed that discrimination was a common experience among participants in the study. Challenges with transport and infrastructure undermined the capacity of persons with disabilities to thrive in the workplace. In addition, limited time and financial resources were major sources of stress for persons with disabilities who combine work and family roles. Participants found social support important for juggling work and family roles. Participants also experienced satisfaction characterized by a strong sense of self-efficacy in fulfilling personal and family needs and meeting workplace expectations. The findings underscore the need for initiatives that foster positive attitudes toward persons with disabilities. In particular, employers should be sensitized to both the individual and organizational benefits of engaging persons with disabilities in the labor market.
Effect of postoperative radiotherapy on survival in patients with completely resected and pathologically confirmed stage N2 non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Lin , Chen Wenyu , Xu Xiaofei , Chen Wenbo , Bao Derong , Zhang Ye , Xu Yufen
Published: September 2023

Background:

The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for patients with completely resected stage N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been controversial. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of PORT and prognosis in these patients.

Objectives:

An updated meta-analysis was conducted in this study to investigate the efficacy of PORT and prognosis in patients with completely resected and pathologically confirmed stage N2 NSCLC.

Design:

This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data source and methods:

Databases were searched up to 2 March 2022. All trials on patients with completely resected and pathologically confirmed stage N2 NSCLC undergoing PORT were screened, and data indicators in the PORT and non-PORT groups were extracted, respectively. The effect of PORT on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) was estimated. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results:

In all, 20 studies involving 6340 patients were finally included. The PORT significantly increased OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.71–0.84, p < 0.001), LRFS (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52–0.76, p < 0.001), and DFS (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.63–0.82, p < 0.001) while it showed no significant difference in improving DMFS (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.71–1.05, p = 0.14).

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that in the postoperative treatment of patients with completely resected and pathologically confirmed stage N2 NSCLC, the addition of PORT provides better local recurrence control and survival benefit, but no benefit for distant metastases. The PORT may be incorporated into the postoperative treatment options for some patients with high-risk factors. However, it needs to be validated by more prospective studies in the future.

Trail registration:

CRD42022314095.
Synthesis and characterization of granite dust microparticles reinforced bio-benzoxazine composites
Authors: Chandramohan Ayyavu , Parthiban Rangasamy , Sathishkumar Kannaiyan , Dinakaran Kannaiyan , Muthukaruppan Alagar
Published: September 2023

In the current work, an effort has been made to create polymer composite materials using polybenzoxazine (PBz), which is synthesis from sustainable natural ingredients like furfurylamine (Fu), cardanol (Ca) and reinforced with granite dust made from industrial waste. Varied analytical approaches were used to examine the thermal, morphological, chemical structure, flame retardant and electrical properties of Ca-Fu-PBZ composites reinforced with granite dust at varied weight percentages (5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%). According to the weight percentage concentration of granite dust, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data suggest that the value of Tg increased from 105 to 139°C. A pure Ca-Fu-PBZ benzoxazine matrix was found to have a dielectric constant of 3.97 at 1 MHz. Whereas 5, 10 and 20 wt percentages of reinforced Ca-Fu-PBZ composites with granite dust had dielectric constants of 3.54, 3.05, 2.51 and 2.02 at 1 MHz, respectively. For granite dust reinforced Ca-Fu-PBZ polybenzoxazine composites, the value of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) determined for the char yield obtained thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows greater values than those of the neat Ca-Fu-PBZ matrices. Using water contact angle, the hydrophobic behavior of polybenzoxazine composites reinforced with granite dust was investigated, and it was concluded that the hydrophobic behavior increased with the weight % of granite dust. Data from several investigations show that the thermally stable electrical insulation applications can employ the granite dust reinforced sustainable cardanol-furfurylamine based polybenzoxazine composites as potting compounds, sealants and composites.
Prevalence and associated factors of hyperuricemia among Chinese patients with diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sun Shiyi , Chen Lihong , Chen Dawei , Li Yan , Liu Guanjian , Ma Lin , Li Jun , Cao Fangwei , Ran Xingwu
Published: September 2023

Background:

As a part of metabolic syndrome, hyperuricemia has a higher incidence in patients with diabetes than in the general population owing to various underlying factors.

Objectives:

The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia among patients with diabetes and identify associated factors.

Design:

A cross-sectional study.

Methods:

Herein, we included patients with diabetes managed at nine healthcare centers in Chenghua District, Chengdu, from February 2021 to November 2021. Clinical data, lifestyle habits, and laboratory data were collected to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hyperuricemia.

Results:

In total, we included 1577 patients with diabetes (males, 50.35%; females, 49.65%). The median serum uric acid level was 337.9 μmol/L, and the prevalence of hyperuricemia in patients with diabetes was 21.24%. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in male patients was significantly higher than in females (29.35% in males versus 13.03% in females, p < 0.001). Male patients with obesity ( p = 0.006) or triglyceride (TG) ⩾ 1.7 mmol/L ( p < 0.001) had a high risk of developing hyperuricemia, and hyperuricemia was negatively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ⩾ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ( p < 0.001), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ⩾ 7% ( p < 0.001), fenofibrate ( p = 0.010), and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors ( p = 0.035). Considering females, overweight ( p = 0.004), alanine transaminase (ALT) > 40 U/L ( p < 0.001), and TG ⩾ 1.7 mmol/L ( p = 0.015) showed a significant positive correlation with hyperuricemia, while eGFR ⩾ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ( p < 0.001) was negatively associated with the risk of hyperuricemia.

Conclusion:

Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes, especially in males. In addition to traditionally associated factors, fenofibrate and SGLT-2 inhibitors were also associated with the risk of hyperuricemia.

Registration:

The study protocol was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ), and the registration number was ChiCTR 2100042742.
From rules to examples: Machine learning's type of authority
Authors: Campolo Alexander , Schwerzmann Katia
Published: September 2023

This paper analyzes the effects of a perceived transition from a rule-based computer programming paradigm to an example-based paradigm associated with machine learning. While both paradigms coexist in practice, we critically discuss the distinctive epistemological and ethical implications of machine learning's “exemplary” type of authority. To capture its logic, we compare it to computer programming rules that date to the middle of the 20th century, showing how rules and examples have regulated human conduct in significantly different ways. In contrast to the highly constructed, explicit, and prescriptive form of authority imposed by programming rules, machine learning models are trained using data that has been made into examples. These examples elicit norms in an implicit, emergent manner to make prediction and classification possible. We analyze three ways that examples are produced in machine learning: labeling, feature engineering, and scaling. We use the phrase “artificial naturalism” to characterize the tensions of this type of authority, in which examples sit ambiguously between data and norm.
Peer Support Programs to Reduce Organizational Stress and Trauma for Public Safety Workers: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fallon Pamela , Jaegers Lisa A. , Zhang Yuan , Dugan Alicia G. , Cherniack Martin , El Ghaziri Mazen
Published: September 2023

Background:

Public safety workers (PSWs), including correctional officers (COs), law enforcement, firefighters, emergency medical service, and military personnel, are at risk of organizational stress and burnout. Exposure to traumatic events, job hazards, injuries, fatalities, and work-related stressors such as work overload, irregular shift assignments, and lack of administrative support can negatively impact PSWs’ mental health. Peer support programs (PSPs) have been cited as an intervention to address the mental health of PSWs.

Purpose:

The purpose of this review is to explore the use, including facilitators and barriers, of PSPs to reduce organizational stress and trauma for PSWs. Implications for COs will be discussed.

Method:

A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology. A search was conducted for articles published between 1996 and 2021 using six databases. Selected articles described, implemented, or evaluated peer support as an intervention to reduce PSW organizational stress and trauma.

Findings:

Thirteen articles met eligibility criteria. Organizational support, including policies, practices, and peer leadership training, contributed to the sustainability of PSPs. Confidentiality, trust, and shared lived experience were also essential to PSP. Stigma was identified as the primary barrier to participation. Public safety workers found PSP helpful in normalizing experiences, increasing hope, and decreasing stigma. Peer support programs also serve to bridge the gap in mental health services use.

Conclusions:

Peer support programs are a potential mental health intervention to reduce organizational stress and trauma for COs. Awareness of the facilitators and barriers to PSPs is the first step in developing such programs.
Undergraduate Occupational Health Nursing Education in Chile, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico
Authors: Valencia-Contrera Miguel , Rivera-Rojas Flerida , Castro-Bastidas José D. , Robazzi Maria Lucia do Carmo Cruz , Quintana-Zavala María , Valenzuela-Suazo Sandra
Published: September 2023

Background:

Occupational health nursing plays a fundamental role in addressing the health of the working population; however, training in this area differs around the world in terms of levels, duration, content, and requirements, and the current situation in Latin American countries is unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze undergraduate nursing education in occupational health from an international perspective considering Chile, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico.

Methods:

We conducted a multicenter, descriptive study, based on bibliographic methodology, whose sample was documentary, consulting government databases in Chile, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico.

Findings:

Heterogeneity was identified within the training in the countries analyzed, with a small number of courses in the course structures; in most cases, the courses were taught in the last years of training and predominantly as elective courses.

Conclusions:

The authors recommend that training centers develop programs associated with occupational nursing, which is considered an imperative to strengthen public health in developing countries and an ethical and equitable response to the working population.
The Framing of ‘Playing Through the Pain’ in the Media: An Investigation of Rafael Nadal During the 2022 French Open
Authors: Read Daniel , Burch Lauren M.
Published: September 2023

Analgesic medication (i.e., painkillers) provides a legal method for athletes to compete through pain. Masking injury presents the risk of injury exacerbation as well as potential organ damage, long-term musculoskeletal conditions, and dependence. The framing of elite athletes using medication to compete through injury could influence the attitudes and behaviors of other sportspersons including junior and recreational participants. This research explored the framing of tennis player Rafael Nadal’s anesthetic injections at the 2022 French Open via content analysis of 103 news articles. The results revealed global news lacked critical coverage, normalized competing through injury under moral frames, and valorized such behavior as heroic and courageous. Further, news coverage can be classified into four types: individual experience, medical, physical status, and policy. Identification of frames related to competing through injury can inform messaging to promote safer practices concerning painkiller use.
A Qualitative Study of Men’s Experiences Using Navigate: A Localized Prostate Cancer Treatment Decision Aid
Authors: Todio Elizabeth , Schofield Penelope , Sharp Jessica
Published: September 2023

Background. Men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (LPC) often face a dilemma in choosing between available treatment options that have similar survival rates but for which the perceived advantages and disadvantages of each treatment differ. The Navigate decision aid was created to assist Australian men with LPC in making informed decisions about treatment that align with their personal values and preferences. Navigate presents current, unbiased information, including an interactive values clarification exercise. Objective. This study was a qualitative investigation of men’s treatment decision making for LPC, and their experiences using the Navigate Web site, to identify areas for improvement and inform implementation. Methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 men diagnosed with LPC who completed the intervention arm of the Navigate randomized controlled trial. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed. Results: Five main themes emerged: 1) diagnosis experiences varied, although men were strongly influenced by their clinician to make an early initial treatment decision; 2) men sought resources and support they trusted; 3) men valued Navigate’s multiformatted content and design; 4) men suggested more content was needed on a) the diagnosis journey and b) new treatment updates; and 5) men identified design flaws in the values clarification exercise on Navigate but appreciated the tool being available. Conclusions. Specialist authority influenced men to make an early treatment decision. However, Navigate was helpful in supporting men’s ongoing treatment decision making, particularly men on active surveillance who may face further treatment decisions if their cancer progresses. To gain trust and improve engagement from Navigate users, credentials and sources of information need to be prominent. Trustworthiness, timing of access, and the clinician’s role in empowering men to use available decision aids are crucial elements to be considered when implementing Navigate in clinical settings.

Highlights

The Navigate decision aid Web site was created to help Australian men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (LPC) make an informed decision about their treatment. Navigate was helpful in supporting men’s ongoing treatment decision making for LPC. Men’s treatment decision making for LPC was greatly influenced by perceived authority and trust in their clinician. Trustworthiness, timing of access, and the clinician’s role in empowering men to use available decision aids are crucial.
Malaysian Medical Students’ Attitudes and Readiness Toward AI (Artificial Intelligence): A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tung Alvin Yong Zong , Dong Ley Wen
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES

The Malaysian health ministry has started introducing artificial intelligence (AI) technology to aid local healthcare delivery. This study aims to survey Malaysian medical students’ attitudes toward AI and evaluate their readiness to work with medical AI technology.

METHODS

An online questionnaire on Google Forms was distributed to all 31 medical schools in Malaysia. The questionnaire consists of 3 sections: the first part surveyed the participants’ demographics, the second assessed the participants’ attitudes toward AI, and the final part utilizes the Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale for Medical Students (MAIRS-MS) scale to evaluate their AI readiness.

RESULTS

Three hundred and one students from 17 universities in Malaysia responded to the questionnaire. 87.36% of students agreed that AI will play an essential role in healthcare; 32.55% of students were less likely to consider a career in radiology due to the advancement of AI. The majority of students (71%) felt that teaching in AI will benefit their careers, while 69.44% agreed that all students should receive teaching in AI. Around 44.5% of students felt that they will possess the knowledge required to work with AI upon graduation. On the MAIRS-MS scale, students had a mean score of 21 of 40 for the cognitive factor, 25 of 40 for the ability factor, 10 of 15 for the vision factor, and 11 of 15 for the ethics factor. Overall, Malaysian students had a mean total score of 67±14.8 out of 110.

CONCLUSION

Malaysian medical students have demonstrated awareness of AI and a willingness to learn more about it. More work needs to be done to improve students’ AI readiness, particularly their knowledge and application of AI technology. Malaysian universities should start to work on incorporating AI teaching into their curricula.
Global building exposure model for earthquake risk assessment
Authors: Yepes-Estrada Catalina , Calderon Alejandro , Costa Catarina , Crowley Helen , Dabbeek Jamal , Hoyos Maria Camila , Martins Luis , Paul Nicole , Rao Anirudh , Silva Vitor
Published: September 2023

The global building exposure model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. We aimed for a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to earthquakes with a high concentration of population and building stock. The mosaic of exposure models presented herein can be used for the assessment of probabilistic seismic risk and earthquake scenarios. Information at the global, regional, and national levels is available through a public repository ( https://github.com/gem/global_exposure_model ), which will be used to maintain, update and improve the models.
Study of Combined Effect of Bacteriophage vB3530 and Chlorhexidine on the Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhao Yining , Qian Changrui , Huang Zeyu , Feng Luozhu , Chen Lijiang , Yao Zhuocheng , Xu Chunquan , Ye Jianzhong , Zhou Tieli
Published: September 2023

Background

Chlorhexidine (CHG) is a disinfectant commonly used in hospitals. However, it has been reported that the excessive use of CHG can cause resistance in bacteria to this agent and even to other clinical antibiotics. Therefore, new methods are needed to alleviate the development of CHG tolerance and reduce its dosage. This study aimed to explore the synergistic effects of CHG in combination with bacteriophage against CHG-tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and provide ideas for optimizing disinfection strategies in clinical environments as well as for the efficient use of disinfectants.

Methods

The CHG-tolerant P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in China. The bacteriophage vB3530 was isolated from the sewage inlet of the hospital, and its genome was sequenced. Time-killing curve was used to determine the antibacterial effects of vB3530 and chlorohexidine gluconate (CHG). The phage sensitivity to 16 CHG-tolerant P. aeruginosa strains and PAO1 strain was detected using plaque assay. The emergence rate of resistant bacterial strains was detected to determine the development of phage-resistant and CHG-tolerant strains. Finally, the disinfection effects of the disinfectant and phage combination on the surface of the medical devices were preliminarily evaluated.

Results

The results showed that (1) CHG combined with bacteriophage vB3530 significantly inhibited the growth of CHG-resistant P. aeruginosa and reduced the bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) after 24 h. (2) The combination of CHG and bacteriophage inhibited the emergence of phage-resistant and CHG-tolerant strains. (3) The combination of CHG and bacteriophage significantly reduced the bacterial load on the surface of medical devices.

Conclusions

In this study, the combination of bacteriophage vB3530 and CHG presented a combined inactivation effect to CHG-tolerant P. aeruginosa and reduced the emergence of strains resistant to CHG and phage. This study demonstrated the potential of bacteriophage as adjuvants to traditional disinfectants. The use of bacteriophage in combination with commercial disinfectants might be a promising method for controlling the spread of bacteria in hospitals.
LYZ2-SH3b as a novel and efficient enzybiotic against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Asadi Marzieh , Taheri-Anganeh Mortaza , Ranjbar Maryam , Khatami Seyyed Hossein , Maleksabet Amir , Mostafavi-Pour Zohreh , Ghasemi Younes , Keshavarzi Abdolkhalegh , Savardashtaki Amir
Published: September 2023

Background

Enzybiotics are promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics for drug-resistant infections. Exolysins, as a class of enzybiotics, show antibacterial effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study evaluated a novel exolysin containing an SH3b domain for its antibacterial activity against MRSA.

Methods

This study designed a chimeric exolysin by fusing the Cell-binding domain (SH3b) from Lysostaphin with the lytic domain (LYZ2) from the gp61 enzyme. Subsequently, LYZ2-SH3b was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Finally, the antibacterial effects of LYZ2-SH3b compared with LYZ2 and vancomycin against reference and clinical isolates of MRSA were measured using the disc diffusion method, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays.

Results

Analysis of bioinformatics showed that LYZ2-SH3b was stable, soluble, and non-allergenic. Protein purification was performed with a 0.8 mg/ml yield for LYZ2-SH3b. The plate lysis assay results indicated that, at the same concentrations, LYZ2-SH3b has a more inhibitory effect than LYZ2. The MICs of LYZ2 were 4 µg/mL (ATCC 43,300) and 8 µg/mL (clinical isolate ST239), whereas, for LYZ2-SH3b, they were 2 µg/mL (ATCC 43,300) and 4 µg/mL (clinical isolate ST239). This suggests a higher efficiency of LYZ2-SH3b compared to LYZ2. Furthermore, the MBCs of LYZ2 were 4 µg/mL (ATCC 43,300) and 8 µg/mL (clinical isolate ST239), whereas, for LYZ2-SH3b, they were 2 µg/mL (ATCC 43,300) and 4 µg/mL (clinical isolate ST239), thus confirming the superior lytic activity of LYZ2-SH3b over LYZ2.

Conclusions

The study suggests that phage endolysins, such as LYZ2-SH3b, may represent a promising new approach to treating MRSA infections, particularly in cases where antibiotic resistance is a concern. But further studies are needed.
Feasibility and safety of Stanford A aortic dissection complete endovascular repair system in a porcine model
Authors: Peng Yucheng , Lin Wenhui , Lou Deda , Luo Songyuan , Li Bo , Su Mingcheng , Liu Jitao , Tang Yue , Luo Jianfang
Published: September 2023

Background

Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a catastrophic disease with high morbidity and mortality. Although open surgery is still the gold standard for the treatment of ATAAD, some patients, with advanced age and multiple comorbidities, can only receive medical management alone. Nowadays, thoracic aortic endovascular repair (TEVAR) provides a potential treatment option for the patient with ATAAD, but traditional stent grafts (SGs), which are not designed for the ATAAD, are inapplicable to the unique anatomy of the aortic arch. Therefore, we innovatively created the BRIDGE system (Chuangxin Medical, Shenzhen, China), a complete endovascular reconstruction system designed to treat ATAAD. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the novel Stanford A aortic dissection complete endovascular reconstruction system in a porcine model.

Method

The BRIDGE system consists of the type A stent system and the type C stent system. Between November 2020 and March 2021, three white swine were utilized in the study. The BRIDGE system was deployed via the transcatheter approach under angiographic guidance. The swine(n = 3) treated with our system were evaluated using angiography before sacrifice 1-month after implantation, which was followed by gross specimen evaluation and histological examination of harvested tissues.

Result

The acute procedure success rate was 100% (3/3). The immediate post-procedural angiography showed that both type A SGs and type C SGs were deployed in satisfactory locations, with patency of the supra-aortic trunk and no endoleak. The cumulative mortality of 30-day was 0% without any adverse events. No device migration or leakage was observed angiographically, before sacrifice. The gross observation confirmed a type A SG covered part of the entry of anonyma. Favorable endothelialization, no thrombogenesis, and slight inflammatory infiltration of the tissues around the device were confirmed by microscopic examinations in all pigs.

Conclusion

It was feasible and secure to use Stanford A aortic dissection complete endovascular reconstruction system to implement a transcatheter endovascular repair in a porcine model. With this novel system, treating acute type A aortic dissection may be more efficient and secure in human.
Sociodemographic features associated with the MoCA, SPPB, and GDS scores in a community-dwelling elderly population
Authors: Zhang Peng , Abudukelimu Nazhakaiti , Sali Ayijiamal , Chen Jin-Xia , Li Min , Mao Yan-Yan , Zhu Yi , Zhu Qian-Xi
Published: September 2023

Background

An accurate evaluation of cognitive function, physical health, and psychological health is fundamental for assessing health problems in the elderly population, and it is important to identify the necessity of early therapeutic intervention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the states of mental and physical functions and to investigate the relationships between sociodemographic features and these functions in a community-dwelling elderly population.

Methods

This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a suburban district of Shanghai, China. A total of 1025 participants aged 60–89 years underwent investigations of demographic and lifestyle features and a multidimensional geriatric evaluation comprising the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).

Results

The results of the multivariate linear regression models demonstrated that the MoCA and SPPB scores decreased with advancing age (all P < 0.01). However, the GDS score did not exhibit an age-related decrease (P = 0.09). Both sex and living alone influenced the MoCA score (P < 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively), SPPB score (P < 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively), and GDS score (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). A higher education level was related to better MoCA and SPPB scores (all P < 0.01). Furthermore, age and sex had interactive effects on the MoCA score (P = 0.03) and SPPB score (P < 0.01). The kernel-weighted local polynomial smoothing curves exhibited similar trends.

Conclusions

It is imperative to develop a more sensitive evaluation of physical function, and to encourage various intellectually and emotionally stimulating social activity strategies to promote healthy aging, especially in elderly women and those living alone who have a low education level.