bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La religión como currículo social: educación, valores e Islam en Europa
Authors: García Vicente Javier Llorent , Ivanescu Carolina
Published: December 2013

Cuando la religión se convierte en parte integrante de los debates políticos modernos, las ideas religiosas influyen en las decisiones y definiciones de conceptos como la educación, la participación en el mercado laboral, la estructura y función de la familia como unidad social y la igualdad. La integración y la inmigración pasan a primer plano a medida que el concepto de ciudadanía adquiere dimensiones culturalistas y moralizantes. Finalmente, religión, política y educación se interfieren en las áreas de la vida que pertenecen a la esfera privada y pública. Desde nuestra perspectiva pedagógica, entendemos que las líneas educativas marcadas por la religión influyen notablemente en el devenir de muchos ciudadanos y se incrustan en el foro político-social. Así nos encontramos que la religión como poderoso instrumento de socialización ejerce una gran influencia intencionada en la educación y valores de los ciudadanos y se configura como el currículo social, normalmente oculto, del contexto próximo de muchos ciudadanos. La presencia del Islam y los musulmanes en Europa, aunque no es un fenómeno nuevo, es cuestionada por los Estados-nación confrontando el currículo oficial, la educación reglada, con el currículo social, muy influido por el Islam entre sus fieles. De esta manera se convierte en parte integrante de la lucha por la identidad nacional individual y colectiva, ya sea en lo referente al laicismo, la democracia o ciudadanía. Y en este sentido, queremos aportar una revisión actualizada de esta cuestión tan presente en Europa.
Governamentalidade e a genealogia da política
Authors: Gordon Colin
Published: December 2013

O artigo oferece uma série de reflexões a respeito de uma fase dos trabalhos de Michel Foucault e de alguns de seus colaboradores apresentada no volume The Foucault effect: studies in governmentality (1991), coeditado pelo autor. Tais reflexões se organizam em três partes. Primeiro, há uma revisão de alguns aspectos das aulas de Foucault sobre governamentalidade que, por diferentes razões, foram deixados de lado quando o livro foi publicado. Em seguida, faz-se um balanço de temas importantes que, embora presentes no livro, não receberam suficiente atenção dos leitores. Finalmente, no eixo que ocupa a maior parte do artigo, examinam-se as últimas discussões de Foucault a respeito do que o autor denomina múltiplos nascimentos da política, a fim de demonstrar a continuidade da pertinência do empreendimento foucaultiano nos anos 1970, tornado possível devido à noção de governamentalidade, ao mesmo tempo tão estranha e operacional. Tal atualidade é indicada não somente pelo incremento dos estudos sobre governamentalidade após o aparecimento dos cursos que Foucault deu no Collège de France, mas principalmente pelos dilemas e aporias que a cultura política em que estamos mergulhados nos trouxe. Nesse sentido, o artigo se encerra com uma espécie de agenda de pesquisa para dar continuidade ao trabalho inacabado de Foucault, uma agenda que nos convida a aprofundar nossa compreensão das relações entre a filosofia crítica, a racionalidade política e a cultura política, compreendidas como um conjunto de formas de conduta e de sociabilidade, modos de vida e estilos de subjetivação e dizer verdadeiro.
Breve genealogia dos estudos da governamentalidade: o efeito Foucault e seus desdobramentos. Uma entrevista com Colin Gordon
Authors: Jardim Fabiana
Published: December 2013

A entrevista aborda o contexto intelectual no campo da filosofia e das ciências sociais no Reino Unido, durante os anos 1970, bem como apresenta um balanço do trabalho realizado por Colin Gordon na tradução e na edição de livros em língua inglesa das pesquisas sobre poder e política que Michel Foucault empreendeu de meados dos anos 1970 até sua morte prematura, em 1984. Finalmente, procura-se avaliar os desdobramentos dessa estranha noção de governamentalidade no mundo intelectual anglófono e sua atualidade. O objetivo principal da entrevista, que foi realizada por Fabiana Jardim, professora da área de Sociologia da Educação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo em maio de 2013, por ocasião da presença de Colin Gordon no Brasil, foi revisitar o contexto no qual o campo dos estudos sobre governamentalidade se constituiu, de modo a colocar em perspectiva o intenso alargamento desse campo a partir da publicação, em 2004, dos cursos de Michel Foucault no Collège de France nos quais a noção aparece. Isso nos pareceu oportuno não apenas devido ao alcance dos estudos sobre governamentalidade e educação no Brasil, o que pode ser atestado pelo volume da produção - artigos, dossiês e livros - , mas também tendo em conta as apropriações que foram feitas de tal noção no campo dos estudos pós-coloniais; nesse sentido, a noção preserva sua operacionalidade na tarefa de compreender as especificidades de nossa modernidade à brasileira por meio da identificação de problematizações constitutivas de nossa experiência.
Alternativa sustentável para destinação de resíduos de construção classe A: sistemática para reciclagem em canteiros de obras
Authors: Evangelista Patricia Pereira de Abreu , Bastos Costa Dayana , Zanta Viviana Maria
Published: December 2013

A indústria da construção civil apresenta-se como um dos segmentos industriais mais críticos no que se refere aos impactos ambientais, sendo o principal gerador de resíduos sólidos da sociedade. Neste sentido, a cidade de Salvador, Bahia, é caracterizada pela geração de grande volume de resíduos de construção civil, pelo esgotamento das áreas para recepção dos resíduos gerados pela atividade construtiva e pela inexistência de áreas de transbordo, de triagem e de usinas para reciclagem. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de sistematização para o processo de reciclagem de resíduos de construção classe A em canteiros de obra, considerando aspectos técnicos, econômicos e ambientais. O processo de reciclagem foi estruturado e validado por meio da realização de três estudos de caso de experiência de reciclagem em canteiros de obra de Salvador, utilizando equipamento móvel de britagem. Foram desenvolvidos um fluxograma e um procedimento operacional para apoiar a realização da reciclagem nos canteiros, assim como foram gerados parâmetros para avaliação do referido processo. Este trabalho mostra o potencial da reciclagem em canteiros de obras como uma alternativa para a destinação dos resíduos de construção civil, indicando ações que facilitem a adoção dessa prática, de forma a contribuir para a redução dos impactos ambientais causados pelo descarte inadequado dos resíduos de construção.
Toxicidade de materiais de construção: uma questão incontornável na construção sustentável
Authors: Torgal Fernando Pacheco , Jalali Said
Published: December 2013

Evitar o uso de materiais de construção tóxicos é um dos princípios da construção sustentável. Os edifícios de habitação contêm muitos materiais tóxicos, alguns deles mesmo em conformidade com normativos regulamentares aplicáveis na Europa e em Portugal. Parte do problema deve-se à falta de formação de arquitetos e engenheiros nessa área, e a outra parte deve-se ao fato de a legislação sobre os limites da toxicidade ser influenciada por questões econômicas. Este artigo discute vários casos de toxicidade de materiais de construção pela revisão da literatura nessa área. Abrange o caso da emissão de compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs), a toxicidade de agentes impregnantes, tintas, vernizes e outros materiais de construção, materiais que libertam fumos tóxicos em caso de incêndio, materiais à base de amianto, materiais radioativos e as canalizações em chumbo.
Vantagens e desvantagens da utilização de peles-verdes em edificações residenciais em Porto Alegre segundo seus moradores
Authors: Valesan Mariene , Fedrizzi Beatriz , Sattler Miguel Aloysio
Published: December 2013

Pele-verde (trepadeiras recobrindo fachadas de uma edificação, muro ou outro elemento vertical) é uma técnica de baixo impacto ambiental e com benefícios para a edificação e seu entorno. O presente trabalho analisa peles-verdes encontradas em edifícios residenciais em Porto Alegre, a partir da percepção de seus moradores, como os objetivos de gerar um registro da utilização dessa técnica e de discutir suas principais vantagens e desvantagens. A metodologia de pesquisa valeu-se de entrevistas em profundidade, estruturadas por questionários, aplicadas junto a moradores de 38 edificações (unifamiliares e multifamiliares) revestidas por peles-verdes. As peles-verdes analisadas são do tipo autoaderentes, utilizando-se das espécies Ficus pumila e Parthenocissus tricuspidata. Os entrevistados confirmaram como principais vantagens da técnica o embelezamento da paisagem, a integração do ambiente urbano e da natureza, os efeitos positivos para o bem-estar do homem e a melhoria da temperatura interna das edificações. A principal desvantagem citada foi o trabalho de manutenção do revestimento vegetal. Assim, esta pesquisa indica que a pele-verde é uma técnica que tem o potencial de melhorar o ambiente urbano e, por isso, o desenvolvimento de pesquisa sobre ário.
Contribuição ao entendimento da aplicação da certificaçao LEED TM no Brasil com base em dois estudos de caso
Authors: Silva Vanessa Gomes da , Pardini Andrea Fonseca
Published: December 2013

No setor da construção civil, a busca por sustentabilidade ainda é incipiente. Este trabalho tem por objetivos analisar a aplicação da certificação LEED TM a empreendimentos brasileiros, entendendo as restrições de uso em uma realidade diferente da referência original norte-americana, e disseminar os resultados obtidos para dois estudos de caso nacionais. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram que (a) a certificação LEED TM não é tarefa fácil e, no Brasil, significa, para vários aspectos, saltar da completa ausência de referência para atender a normas americanas; e (b) mesmo em centros avançados da construção civil brasileira, o mercado ainda não está preparado para os "selos verdes" internacionais. Apesar dos obstáculos e limitações existentes, a entrada de certificações no Brasil abre a discussão para assuntos antes nunca abordados. Certificações, iniciativas voluntárias e instrumentos de market pull possuem o importante papel de propulsores da transformação do mercado da construção civil na busca da sustentabilidade. Não se pode perder de vista que estas pressupõem uma base anterior - composta de pesquisa e desenvolvimento e transferência de conhecimento e tecnologia ao mercado - para que possam se desenvolver plenamente. Deve-se evitar a ansiedade pela busca de certificação sem o preparo do mercado. Caso contrário, corre-se o risco de fragilizar o papel transformador das certificações.
Prediction of Postchemotherapy Ovarian Function Using Markers of Ovarian Reserve
Authors: Henry N. Lynn , Xia Rong , Schott Anne F. , McConnell Daniel , Banerjee Mousumi , Hayes Daniel F.
Published: December 2013

Learning Objectives

Explain the association between clinical factors and postchemotherapy ovarian function. Explain the association between biochemical markers and postchemotherapy ovarian function. Discuss the role that age and anti-Müllerian hormone may play in prediction of postchemotherapy ovarian function status.
New Oral Anticoagulants and the Cancer Patient
Authors: Short Nicholas J. , Connors Jean M.
Published: December 2013

Learning Objectives

Cite the current indications, basic clinical pharmacology, and rationale for development of the new oral anticoagulants. Explain the potential risk for drug-drug interactions between the new oral anticoagulants and drugs commonly used in cancer patients.
Impact of interface trap density at metal/SiNx/n+ MOS capacitor in multilayered Si solar cells
Authors: Sahoo Santosh K. , Sopori Bhushan L. , Misra Durga , Rivero Rene , Ravindra Nuggehalli M.
Published: December 2013

Impact of the SiNx/n+-Si interface on silicon solar cell performance was investigated, where SiNx is used as a passivation layer. Significant shifts in capacitance, conductance and leakage current characteristics were observed for metal/SiN:H/n+-Si MOS capacitor when it was subjected to a constant voltage stress of +10 V at room temperature. The interface trap density (Dit) across the SiN:H/n+-Si interface increased from 6·3 × 109 to 7·5 × 109 cm−2eV−1 after a 500-s stress whereas the n+/p junction diode remained unaffected by the stress. A direct correlation between the degradation of SiN:H/Si interface and the solar cell performance was observed.
Appraisal of observational method for consolidation analysis
Authors: Prakash K. , Sridharan A. , Sheshashayana M.
Published: December 2013

Two of the aims of laboratory one-dimensional consolidation tests are prediction of the end of primary settlement, and determination of the coefficient of consolidation of soils required for the time rate of consolidation analysis from time–compression data. Of the many methods documented in the literature to achieve these aims, Asaoka's method is a simple and useful tool, and yet the most neglected one since its inception in the geotechnical engineering literature more than three decades ago. This paper appraises Asaoka's method, originally proposed for the field prediction of ultimate settlement, from the perspective of laboratory consolidation analysis along with recent developments. It is shown through experimental illustrations that Asaoka's method is simpler than the conventional and popular methods, and makes a satisfactory prediction of both the end of primary compression and the coefficient of consolidation from laboratory one-dimensional consolidation test data.
Critical overview of blast resistance of different concrete types
Authors: Alhadid Monir M. A. , Soliman Ahmed M. , Nehdi Moncef L. , Youssef Maged A.
Published: December 2013

Past attacks against buildings and civil infrastructure highlight the need for blast-resistant structural materials. Numerous studies have been conducted on various related techniques and some design guidance has been developed to increase the resistance of structures to blast loading. Generally, a blast results in a high-amplitude impulse loading typically with a very short duration. Hence, the material's response to such loading will differ from its response to regular types of loading. Consequently, the analysis and design of structures subjected to blast loads require a full understanding of the behaviour of materials and structural elements under blast loading. This paper presents an overview of the behaviour of concrete elements subjected to blast loads. A critical discussion of the state of the art on blast resistance of conventional and modern concrete materials is provided, along with an overview of effective retrofitting and strengthening techniques.
Periodontal Manifestations of Chronic Atypical Neutrophilic Dermatosis With Lipodystrophy and Elevated Temperature (CANDLE) Syndrome in an 11‐Year‐Old Patient
Authors: McKenna Gerald J. , Ziada Hassan M.
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) is an autoinflammatory syndrome caused by an autosomal recessive gene mutation. This very rare syndrome has been reported in only 14 patients worldwide. A number of clinical signs have been reported, including joint contractures, muscle atrophy, microcytic anemia, and panniculitis‐induced childhood lipodystrophy. Additional symptoms include recurrent fevers, purpuric skin lesions, periorbital erythema, and failure to thrive. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of periodontal manifestations associated with CANDLE syndrome.

Case Presentation: An 11‐year‐old boy was referred to Cork University Dental School and Hospital, Cork, Ireland, with evidence of severe periodontal breakdown. The patient's medical condition was managed in Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. The patient's dental management included initial treatment to remove teeth of hopeless prognosis, followed by prosthodontic rehabilitation using removable partial dentures. This was followed by additional non‐surgical periodontal treatment and maintenance. In the long term, the potential definitive restorative options, including dental implants, will be evaluated in discussion with the patient's medical team.

Conclusions: Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease is one of seven categories of periodontitis as defined by the American Academy of Periodontology 1999 classification system. A number of systemic diseases have been associated with advanced periodontal breakdown, including diabetes mellitus, leukemia, and Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome. In the case described, treatment necessitated a multidisciplinary approach with input from medical and dental specialties for a young patient with severe periodontal breakdown associated with CANDLE syndrome.
Handshaking and Compliance with a Request: A Door-to-Door Setting
Authors: Guéguen Nicolas
Published: December 2013

Although different types of handshakes have been shown to be related to an individual's personality and social perception of the recipient, the effect of handshaking on compliance with a request remains in question. In a door-to-door setting, homeowners were asked for money for a humanitarian
organization. Handshaking was performed or not by the solicitor before making the request in a random distribution. The results showed that more participants complied with the request in the handshaking condition (95.5%) than in the no handshaking control condition (53.3%). The difference
between the 2 conditions was statistically significant.
Life Satisfaction and Mental Health in Chinese Adults
Authors: Bao Xuhui , Pan Weigang , Shi Mei , Ji Ming
Published: December 2013

We examined the relationship between life satisfaction (LS) and mental health (MH) in a sample of 397 Chinese adults. Participants completed the Chinese version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Chinese General Health Questionnaire. Results revealed that those who perceived
themselves to have good financial status reported higher LS and sense of adequacy, and lower anxiety than did those who did not. In addition, LS was significantly correlated with MH, and sense of adequacy was the strongest psychological predictor of LS. These findings suggest that LS and MH
are directly associated with perceived financial status, and MH may mediate or moderate the association between PFS and LS.
Loneliness, Warmth-Seeking Behavior, and Posttraumatic Stress Among Survivors of the Sichuan Earthquake
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Liao Xiaolan
Published: December 2013

We examined: a) different correlation patterns between loneliness and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom structures, and b) the relationship between loneliness and physical coldness/warmth-seeking behavior among people with PTSD. Participants were divided into a PTSD group
and a control group and after completing a loneliness-priming task, the PTSD group also took part in a temperature evaluation experiment. Control subjects completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale but not the temperature evaluation experiment. We found that reported levels of loneliness were significantly
higher in the PTSD participant group than in the controls, and dysphoric arousal and numbing factors were significant predictors of loneliness. These data indicate that loneliness is closely associated with depression-related PTSD symptom constructs in people diagnosed with PTSD. The PTSD
participant group estimated the temperature in the room to be lower than the actual values, and preferred hot soup to control food/drink presented at room temperature. The implications of the relationships among loneliness, physical warmth, and psychological/interpersonal warmth on PTSD therapy
are discussed.
The Sweet Smell... of Coldness: Vanilla and the Warm–Cold Effect
Authors: Saint-Bauzel Roxane , Fointiat Valérie
Published: December 2013

We revisited the well-known warm–cold paradigm in a 2 (cold vs. warm) × 2 (odor vs. no odor information) between-subjects experiment. The participants were read a list of character qualities describing a target (cold vs. warm and odor vs. no odor information) before judging
the target on 4 dimensions related to social desirability. The results reinforce the warm– cold dimensions as central traits. However, they also go one step further. They show that describing the target as smelling like vanilla undermined the classical cold effect. When forming impressions
about the target, the individual can also take external cues (such as the odor evoked) into account.
Cross-Domain Effects of Work-Family Conflict on Organizational Commitment and Performance
Authors: Li Chaoping , Lu Jiafang , Zhang Yingying
Published: December 2013

Two important hypotheses concerning the consequences of work-family conflict are matching-domain effect and cross-domain effect. However, neither of these has been explicitly tested in a Chinese context despite the increasing attention given by business and organization researchers
to the Chinese business world. Moreover, the extant evidence is less clear for performance outcomes than for attitudinal outcomes. In this study, we considered both economic and cultural characteristics of employees to examine the relationships between bidirectional work-family conflict and
work outcomes in China. We surveyed a sample of 241 supervisor-subordinate dyads employed at 3 hospitals in Beijing and Xi'an and found that, among our participants, family-to-work conflict was negatively related to affective and normative commitment to the organization that employed them,
and that family-to-work conflict, rather than work-to-family conflict, was negatively related to their task performance at work.
The Differences Between Work Engagement and Workaholism, and Organizational Outcomes: An Integrative Model
Authors: Choi Youngkeun
Published: December 2013

Workaholism and work engagement both indicate high involvement with work, leading to some conceptual confusion. There are important differences, however, but few researchers have investigated the distinction. In this study, I used the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model (Demerouti, Bakker,
Nachreiner, & Schaufeli, 2001) to propose an integrative model to demonstrate their theoretical and empirical dissimilarity. I chose turnover intention (TI) and occupational citizenship behavior (OCB) to measure organizational outcomes. The results showed that job resources were positively
related to work engagement and that job demands moderated the relationship between job resources and work engagement. In addition, job demands were positively related to workaholism and job resources moderated the relationship between job demands and workaholism. Finally, work engagement influenced
TI negatively and OCB positively. However, although workaholism influenced OCB negatively, as expected, the negative influence of workaholism on TI was contrary to my hypothesis.
The Effect of Recreational Sport Involvement on Work Stress and Quality of Life in Central Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Chin-tsai
Published: December 2013

I investigated the relationships between recreational sport involvement, work stress, leisure sport coping strategies, quality of life, and sport commitment in sport participants in central Taiwan. These variables were assessed in a structured questionnaire and LISREL path analysis
was used to verify the proposed conceptual model. Results showed that regular participation in recreational sports may serve as a coping strategy and consequently reduce work stress. In addition, sport participation may facilitate continued sport participation owing to improvements in individuals'
quality of life.
Effect of Personal Characteristics on Chinese High School Students' Internet Self-Efficacy
Authors: Li Yan , Zhao Qianziang
Published: December 2013

We explored the relationship between personal characteristics and Internet self-efficacy (ISE) in Chinese high school students. Hsu and Chiu's (2004) ISE scale was completed by 496 randomly selected students from 7 high schools. Results indicated that their ISE was moderately high and
that urban students had higher ISE than did rural students, male students had higher ISE than did female students, students who had a computer at home had higher ISE than did students who did not, and students whose parents had a high level of education had higher ISE than did students whose
parents had a low level of education.
Neural Mechanisms of Risky Decision Making in Monetary Gain and Loss Situations
Authors: He Fei , Guan Hao , Zhao Zhijing , Cao Rong
Published: December 2013

Our aim was to investigate the cognitive neural basis, the behavioral characteristics, and the cognitive process of decision making with a group of 30 healthy Chinese adults. Two conditions with tasks drawn from prospect theory allowed us to examine how different risky decisions and
related behaviors activate specific brain regions. Participants completed 2 decision tasks in which the amount of possible monetary gain and loss differed. Event-related potentials recorded for analysis during these tasks involved the N2 and P3 components. Participants' behaviors showed risk
aversion in the monetary gain condition and risk seeking in the loss condition. Reaction time for risk-seeking decisions in a loss condition was significantly slower than for the same decision in a gain condition. The reactions to uncertainty shared a general neural network, but reactions
were activated with different intensities in certain brain regions.
Reliability and Validity of a Turkish Version of the Trust in Nurses Scale
Authors: Yucel Sebnem Cinar , Ay Semra
Published: December 2013

Our aim was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS). A group of people living in Turkey and receiving treatment for lung cancer at a chest hospital completed the scale. We assessed construct validity of the TNS using confirmatory
factor analysis. We evaluated the reliability of the scale using coefficient alpha and the result for the internal consistency reliability of the scale was a coefficient alpha of .95. According to our results, the Turkish version of the TNS is a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of
trust in nurses among people in Turkey being treated for lung cancer.
Transformational Leadership and Speaking Up: Power Distance and Structural Distance as Moderators
Authors: Liu Sheng-min , Liao Jian-qiao
Published: December 2013

We explored the mechanism of the effects of transformational leadership on employees' speaking up (voice), especially probing the moderating effects of power distance and structural distance. We used a questionnaire to conduct an investigation with dyads of leaders (113 senior engineers
and 51 project managers) and their subordinates (495 engineers). The results from hierarchical regression modeling indicated that, in the relationship between transformational leadership and employees' speaking up, structural distance was a positive moderator but power distance was a negative
and stronger moderator than structural distance. Implications of these results for theory and management practice are discussed.
FABP4 Attenuates PPARγ and Adipogenesis and Is Inversely Correlated With PPARγ in Adipose Tissues
Authors: Garin-Shkolnik Tali , Rudich Assaf , Hotamisligil Gökhan S. , Rubinstein Menachem
Published: December 2013

Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4, also known as aP2) is a cytoplasmic fatty acid chaperone expressed primarily in adipocytes and myeloid cells and implicated in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Here we demonstrate that FABP4 triggers the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipogenesis and insulin responsiveness. Importantly, FABP4-null mouse preadipocytes as well as macrophages exhibited increased expression of PPARγ, and complementation of FABP4 in the macrophages reversed the increase in FABP4 expression. The FABP4-null preadipocytes exhibited a remarkably enhanced adipogenesis compared with wild-type cells, indicating that FABP4 regulates adipogenesis by downregulating PPARγ. We found that the FABP4 level was higher and PPARγ level was lower in human visceral fat and mouse epididymal fat compared with their subcutaneous fat. Furthermore, FABP4 was higher in the adipose tissues of obese diabetic individuals compared with healthy ones. Suppression of PPARγ by FABP4 in visceral fat may explain the reported role of FABP4 in the development of obesity-related morbidities, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
Scaling Up Diabetes Prevention in Victoria, Australia: Policy Development, Implementation, and Evaluation
Authors: Dunbar James A. , Jayawardena Abirami , Johnson Greg , Roger Karen , Timoshanko Amy , Versace Vincent L. , Shill Jane , Philpot Benjamin , Vartiainen Erkki , Laatikainen Tiina , Best James D. , Janus Edward D.
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE

The Australian lifestyle intervention program Life! is only the second reported, large-scale diabetes prevention program. This article describes the genesis and the successful establishment of Life! and its key outcomes for participants and implementation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Life!, a behavior-change intervention, comprises six group sessions over 8 months. The Victorian Department of Health funded Diabetes Australia–Victoria to implement the program. Experience of the Greater Green Triangle diabetes prevention implementation trial was used for intervention design, workforce development, training, and infrastructure. Clinical and anthropometric data from participants, used for program evaluation, were recorded on a central database.

RESULTS

Life! has a statewide workforce of 302 trained facilitators within 137 organizations. Over 29,000 Victorians showed interest in Life!, and 15,000 individuals have been referred to the program. In total, 8,412 participants commenced a Life! program between October 2007 and June 2011, and 37% of the original participants completed the 8-month program. Participants completing sessions 1 to 5 lost an average of 1.4 kg weight (P < 0.001) and waist circumference of 2.5 cm (P < 0.001). Those completing six sessions lost an average of 2.4 kg weight (P < 0.001) and waist circumference of 3.8 cm (P < 0.001). The weight loss of 2.4 kg represents 2.7% of participants’ starting body weight.

CONCLUSIONS

The impact of Life! is attributable to applying available evidence for the system’s design of the intervention and collaboration between policy makers, implementers, and evaluators using the principles of continuous quality improvement to support successful, large-scale recruitment and implementation.
Quantitative Estimation of Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects Wearing a Sensor-Augmented Insulin Pump
Authors: Schiavon Michele , Dalla Man Chiara , Kudva Yogish C. , Basu Ananda , Cobelli Claudio
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE

The goal was to develop a new index of insulin sensitivity in patients with type 1 diabetes estimated from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and subcutaneous insulin delivery data under carefully controlled conditions.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The database consists of 12 subjects with type 1 diabetes, studied during breakfast, lunch, and dinner, in a clinical research unit, wearing both subcutaneous insulin pump and CGM device. Frequent blood samples were drawn for measurements of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in order to estimate insulin sensitivity with the oral minimal model (SIMM). The new index of insulin sensitivity (SISP) was calculated with a simple algebraic formula for each meal, using only CGM and insulin pump data and compared with SIMM.

RESULTS

SI SP was well correlated with SIMM (r = 0.825; P < 10−8), and diurnal pattern was also similar to SIMM.

CONCLUSIONS

A novel method for estimating insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 1 diabetes on sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy has been presented. This new index correlates well with the reference oral minimal model estimate of insulin sensitivity. The knowledge of patient-specific insulin sensitivity and its diurnal variation can help in optimizing insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes and could also inform next-generation closed-loop control systems.
Alterations in White Matter Structure in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Barnea-Goraly Naama , Raman Mira , Mazaika Paul , Marzelli Matthew , Hershey Tamara , Weinzimer Stuart A. , Aye Tandy , Buckingham Bruce , Mauras Nelly , White Neil H. , Fox Larry A. , Tansey Michael , Beck Roy W. , Ruedy Katrina J. , Kollman Craig , Cheng Peiyao , Reiss Allan L. ,   for the Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet)
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether type 1 diabetes affects white matter (WM) structure in a large sample of young children.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Children (ages 4 to <10 years) with type 1 diabetes (n = 127) and age-matched nondiabetic control subjects (n = 67) had diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans in this multisite neuroimaging study. Participants with type 1 diabetes were assessed for HbA1c history and lifetime adverse events, and glucose levels were monitored using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) device and standardized measures of cognition.

RESULTS

Between-group analysis showed that children with type 1 diabetes had significantly reduced axial diffusivity (AD) in widespread brain regions compared with control subjects. Within the type 1 diabetes group, earlier onset of diabetes was associated with increased radial diffusivity (RD) and longer duration was associated with reduced AD, reduced RD, and increased fractional anisotropy (FA). In addition, HbA1c values were significantly negatively associated with FA values and were positively associated with RD values in widespread brain regions. Significant associations of AD, RD, and FA were found for CGM measures of hyperglycemia and glucose variability but not for hypoglycemia. Finally, we observed a significant association between WM structure and cognitive ability in children with type 1 diabetes but not in control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest vulnerability of the developing brain in young children to effects of type 1 diabetes associated with chronic hyperglycemia and glucose variability.
Proliferative Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated With Cerebral Microbleeds, Which Is Part of Generalized Microangiopathy
Authors: Woerdeman Jorn , van Duinkerken Eelco , Wattjes Mike P. , Barkhof Frederik , Snoek Frank J. , Moll Annette C. , Klein Martin , de Boer Michiel P. , IJzerman Richard G. , Serné Erik H. , Diamant Michaela
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVE

We investigated whether proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetic patients can be generalized to cerebral small vessel disease and whether it is associated with impaired peripheral microvascular function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Thirty-three patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR+), 34 patients without proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and 33 controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess cerebral microangiopathy (cerebral microbleeds) and ischemic damage (white matter hyperintensities and lacunes). Peripheral microvascular function, i.e., skin capillary density and capillary recruitment, was assessed by capillary microscopy.

RESULTS

Cerebral microbleeds, but not ischemic damage, were more prevalent in PDR+ patients versus the other groups (P < 0.05). A trend was found across groups for the lowest baseline capillary density in PDR+ patients (P for trend = 0.05). In individuals with microbleeds, capillary recruitment was impaired compared with those without microbleeds (P = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

In PDR+ patients, cerebral microbleed prevalence was higher and seems part of generalized microangiopathy that may affect the skin and the brain.
Devenir médecin acupuncteur : trajectoire et engagements du Dr Léa Simon
Authors: Guilloux Ronald
Published: December 2013

Initialement partisane des médecines alternatives et complémentaires (MAC) et fortement opposée à la médecine officielle, Léa Simon a entamé des études médicales malgré elle, suivi une formation privée en acupuncture, jusqu’à devenir médecin acupuncteur engagé dans l’institution hospitalo-universitaire. Ce cas atypique attire notre attention sur le moment crucial des études médicales et soulève la problématique de l’engagement de Léa Simon en médecine malgré son intérêt exclusif pour les MAC. L’étude d’un seul cas permet d’analyser en profondeur deux processus centraux dans cette trajectoire individuelle : la réalisation professionnelle et l’action de légitimation des MAC. Les méthodologies du récit de vie et des régimes d’action montrent une trajectoire composée de deux régimes d’engagements successifs : le régime contradictoire des études médicales qui deviendra le régime cohérent (militant puis adaptatif) des débuts professionnels. L’analyse du régime de valeurs du Dr Simon révèle une coexistence de valeurs humanistes, pragmatique et idéologique. Elle permet ainsi de comprendre son identité de médecin acupuncteur trouvée et l’importance du soin dans cette construction.
Quatre jours de dépistage mobile à Base Agip, un quartier de Pointe-Noire
Authors: Salomon Christine , Lert France , Enel Catherine , Loubaki Gilbert
Published: December 2013

L’article, qui s’appuie sur des observations et des entretiens ainsi que sur l’analyse de données sociodémographiques, s’attache à décrire un dépistage mobile du VIH et son contexte social dans un quartier pauvre de Pointe-Noire, grande ville portuaire et industrielle. A partir d’une ethnographie localisée, il propose une analyse d’une stratégie présentée comme fondamentale pour accroître le nombre de personnes connaissant leur statut sérologique. Ce type d’opération mobile donne effectivement accès au test à une population composée d’hommes actifs fréquentant peu les structures de santé et de femmes hors du champ du dépistage prénatal. Cependant le conseil donné apparaît inadapté et l’accompagnement insuffisant pour que ceux qui découvrent leur séropositivité soient pris en charge. L’analyse révèle également les limites du dépistage dans l’espace public, favorable à la manifestation du stigmate associé au VIH, et les barrières sociales qui empêchent les femmes en couple d’y accéder.
Les relations entre savoirs linguistiques et savoirs de spécialité dans la construction des processus de passage de l’être « cultivé » à l'être « civilisé »
Authors: Raby Françoise
Published: December 2013

Où l’auteur esquisse quelques définitions des mots culture, civilisation et apprentissage et se demande s’il n’entraîne pas son ami lecteur dans une impasse. Où l’auteur tente de s’y retrouver dans les discours de spécialité et leur rapport à la culture et commence à désespérer. Où l’auteur se demande si les sciences cognitives pourraient lui fournir quelques modèles. Où il apparaît que les sciences cognitives sont en guerre et n’en disent pas bien long sur la culture. Épilogue : Où l’auteur, lassé du cognitif, quitte l’ordre des discours et des modèles pour trouver refuge dans la tour de Babel, et là, plagiant Sterne, laisse à son lecteur le soin de remplir la page vierge.
L'article scientifique : un produit culturel
Authors: Régent Odile
Published: December 2013

L’auteur étudie l’article scientifique en tant qu’exemple de communication transculturelle au sein de la communauté internationale. Des exemples analysés, en provenance de revues de biomédecine publiées en anglais et en français, il ressort que les structures hiérarchiques des communautés nationales, ainsi que leurs croyances et valeurs, influent sur la manière dont est conduite la recherche, et dont en sont utilisés et transmis les résultats. Suit une discussion de possibles applications didactiques.
Langue de spécialité : cohésion, culture et cohérence
Authors: Carter-Thomas Shirley
Published: December 2013

Cet article porte sur trois notions qui entrent en jeu dans l’interprétation de la cohérence d’un discours, à savoir la cohésion, la structure thématique et les contraintes génériques. À partir de projets scientifiques rédigés dans le cadre d’un cours d’anglais scientifique à l’Institut National des Télécommunications, l’auteur essaye de cerner les éléments nécessaires à une communication réussie.
L'enseignant, le professionnel et l'apprenant : confrontation des cultures et choix des matériaux pédagogiques
Authors: Bertin Jean-Claude
Published: December 2013

La didactique des langues de spécialité oppose couramment la culture « littéraire » du monde enseignant à la culture spécifique, dite « professionnelle », reflétée par la langue-objet. Cette opposition de base alimente le débat sur le degré de connaissance schématique requis du professeur de langue dans le cas d’une formation professionnalisée. Mes travaux dans le domaine du transport international ont montré qu’il convenait de ne pas oublier de prendre en compte, au sein de la relation pédagogique, la propre culture professionnelle de l’apprenant. Celui-ci se distingue à la fois de celle de l’enseignant, vecteur de la formation, et de celle du professionnel, cible de cette formation. En se fondant sur une expérience d’élaboration d’outil de formation multimédia, cette communication se propose de réfléchir aux implications sur le choix des documents de la confrontation de ces trois cultures au sein de la situation pédagogique.
Qu’y a-t-il de commun entre Napoléon et un ordinateur portable ? La culture comme vaste réservoir à analogies
Authors: Brouat Thérèse
Published: December 2013

L’analyse de trois publicités informatiques américaines fait apparaître trois manières d’ancrer la rhétorique publicitaire dans un environnement culturel étranger à l’environnement informatique. Les exemples choisis illustrent trois domaines : l’histoire, la politique et le cinéma. Au-delà du contenu culturel de référence, c’est la contraction d’une cohérence discursive à partir de deux isotopies qui a retenu notre attention. Dans ce travail de cohérence, le processus analogique joue un grand rôle. Trois types d’analogie sont analysés : analogie sémantique, phonique, graphique.
The long and winding road: Culture, mutation and generic pedagogy
Authors: Brown David N.
Published: December 2013

Toute institution, y compris dans le monde de l’éducation, a son identité propre. Cette identité repose sur la « culture de l’institution », type secondaire de culture par rapport à la société dans son ensemble. Cette culture secondaire joue un rôle déterminant dans la formation des attitudes des apprenants. De leur côté, les professeurs sont eux aussi déterminés par leurs croyances et leurs valeurs culturelles. Lorsque ces deux ensembles culturels s’entrechoquent, il peut se produire une mutation, positive ou négative, chez l’apprenant comme chez le professeur. De telles mutations entraînent la reconsidération, par chacune des parties des valeurs de l’autre. Il n’est pas impossible que la pédagogie générique entraîne ce type de mutation positive, et favorise donc l’apprentissage d’une langue dans les meilleures conditions possible.
La notion de programme et de modèle d’enseignement en langue de spécialité
Authors: Sionis Claude
Published: December 2013

L’article traite des différents modèles et programmes d’enseignement appliqués à des langues de spécialité (LDS) depuis une trentaine d’années. Il s’agit de modèles originellement destinés à l’enseignement des langues générales adoptés tels quels pour les LDS, puis de modèles transitoires ou hybrides qui font une place à la spécificité des objectifs en LDS, enfin de modèles spécifiquement conçus pour les LDS. L’évolution de la notion de modèles et de programmes pédagogiques centrés sur l’apprenant et la nécessité de susciter et d’entretenir sa motivation aboutissent à une proposition d’organisation du cours de LDS reposant sur une série de tâches graduées. Ces tâches représentent des noyaux d’activités de tronc commun à fort potentiel de transfert ultérieur vers les domaines d’application spécifiques des apprenants.
À la recherche d'une sémiotique culturelle dans le discours scientifique
Authors: Magnet Anne
Published: December 2013

Il y a paradoxe apparent à vouloir rapprocher l’article de recherche scientifique et la culture. L’article de recherche scientifique évoque la convergence de moyens sur un objectif restreint, exprimé par des moyens linguistiques souvent réputés limités. La culture en revanche peut être définie comme l’ouverture sur le savoir universel. Cependant, cette communication a pour but de montrer qu’il est possible d’identifier quelques aspects culturels présents dans l’article de Nutrition par l’analyse du discours scientifique, du point de vue sociologique et linguistique.The research article and culture may seem to have little to share. The former is the result of converging means with a limited objective, expressed by supposedly limited linguistic means. The latter refers to universal knowledge. The aim of this paper was to show that it is possible to identify some cultural aspects which underlie the research article, by carrying out a sociolinguistic analysis of some Nutrition articles.
Recompositions territoriales en Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur : Analyse croisée par les mobilités quotidiennes et résidentielles
Authors: Fusco Giovanni , Scarella Floriane
Published: December 2013

L’organisation spatiale des flux de mobilité constitue la clé d’entrée privilégiée pour comprendre les recompositions territoriales en Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. Les flux de mobilité permettent de définir des réseaux urbains et de suivre leur évolution dans le temps. Dans cette contribution sont analysés les flux interurbains dominants des mobilités quotidiennes et résidentielles issues des données de recensement des années 1980 et 1990. Globalement, les réseaux urbains régionaux se renforcent et se complexifient au cours du temps, donnant naissance à deux véritables réseaux métropolitains aux configurations réticulaires fort différentes. D’autres spécificités concernent la portée spatiale des flux dominants de la mobilité domicile-travail, révélatrice du fonctionnement quotidien des aires métropolitaines, et celle de la mobilité résidentielle, davantage liée aux cycles de vie des ménages.
Droits fonciers collectifs et gouvernance des ressources naturelles dans le Bushi, en phase post-conflits
Authors: Polepole Paulin , Cizungu Jean , Muzalia Godefroid , Busane Wenceslas
Published: December 2013

Les guerres à répétition ont sévi dans la région des Grands Lacs en Afrique centrale, entraînant une dégradation très remarquable des ressources naturelles, et particulièrement les ressources naturelles collectives. Les institutions étatiques chargées de la gestion des ressources naturelles se sont affaiblies au point qu’elles ne fournissent plus les services attendus d’elles. Dans ce contexte, il se pose le problème de gouvernance des ressources naturelles pour répondre aux besoins socioéconomiques des usagers. Les travaux sur la gouvernance des ressources naturelles portent essentiellement sur les ressources communes. L’on retiendra cependant que les ressources naturelles collectives, qui seraient une spécificité des sociétés africaines n’ont pas encore fait objet d’étude scientifique. Il s’agit des ressources qui portent l’identité d’un peuple pris dans son ensemble comme unité fonctionnelle. Ce chapitre démontre que le caractère collectif est un atout pour la gouvernance des ressources naturelles dans le contexte post conflit.