bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selbstbeobachtung und die Evolution des Kunstsystems
Authors: Schuldt Christian
Published: May 2015

Häufig wird die zunehmende »Verspieltheit« moderner Kunst in selbstreflexiven Formen durch den Schwanengesang vom »Ende der Kunst« begleitet. Die Zuwendung der Systemtheorie zu Fragen der Kunst eröffnet hier neue Interpretationsmöglichkeiten, die insbesondere die Rolle solcher selbstreflexiven Formen von Kunst für die Ausdifferenzierung und Autonomie des Kunstsystems in den Blick bekommen. In dieser Perspektive untersucht Christian Schuldt metafiktionale Romane von Laurence Sterne und Flann O'Brien. Seine Analyse verdeutlicht, dass die Evolution der Kunst entscheidend von Formen der Selbstreflexivität und Selbstbeobachtung innerhalb der Kunst vorangetrieben wird. Und sie veranschaulicht ganz allgemein, wie die Systemtheorie fruchtbar für die Literaturwissenschaft genutzt werden kann.
Jenseits der Sterne
Authors: Wenger Christian
Published: May 2015

Als eine Ethnographie populärer Kultur widmet sich diese Studie dem Verhältnis von Kultur, Gemeinschaft und Identität in der späten Moderne. Auf der Basis einer weitreichenden Integration qualitativer und quantitativer Verfahren unternimmt sie eine Exkursion durch die soziale Welt der Star Trek-Fans. Im Anschluss an zentrale Themen der Cultural Studies wird die Frage nach den Möglichkeiten der Partizipation und Identitätsstiftung in Medienfankulturen gestellt. Wie vollzieht sich der vielschichtige und vielstimmige Prozess sozialer Konstruktion in diesen posttraditionalen Gemeinschaften? Welche sozialen, kulturellen und diskursiven Praktiken, welche Ideologien und Mythen spielen dabei eine Rolle? Die Antwort auf diese Fragen führt zu den Grundzügen einer »Theorie der Fankultur« und weist den Weg zu einer Analyse prototypischer Daseinsformen der späten Moderne.
Fremdbestimmtes Leben
Authors: Cremer Marit
Published: May 2015

Die Auflösung der Sowjetunion hat in den Nachfolgestaaten zu einer Suche nach neuen verbindlichen gesellschaftlichen Werten geführt. In der Tschetschenischen Republik kam es unter dem sowjetischen General Dudajew seit 1991 zu einer Wiederbelebung traditioneller Werte, die historischen Überlieferungen entnommen wurden. Unter den extremen Bedingungen von Krieg, Flucht und Exil stellt sich für viele Bewohner Tschetscheniens die Frage nach Herkunft und Identität neu. Marit Cremer lässt tschetschenische Frauen ihre Lebensgeschichten erzählen und analysiert anhand des umfangreichen Materials den Wandel ihrer Einstellungen zur Geschichte und Kultur ihres Volkes, ihre Positionierung zu vorislamischen Traditionen, der Religion und ihrer Rolle als Frauen.
Wahrheit, Lüge, Fiktion: Das Bad in der deutschsprachigen Literatur des 16. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Loleit Simone
Published: May 2015

Dieser Band widmet sich der Repräsentation und dem vielfältigen Bedeutungsspektrum des Bads in der deutschsprachigen Literatur des 16. Jahrhunderts und führt damit zugleich in zentrale Diskussionen und Fragestellungen der Literatur und Kultur im Übergang vom Mittelalter zur Frühen Neuzeit ein. Durch den literaturwissenschaftlichen Zugriff, die genauen Textanalysen, die Einbeziehung medizinischer und theologischer Intertexte sowie mentalitäts-, medien- und konfessionsgeschichtlicher Perspektiven führt die Untersuchung weit über die einschlägigen kulturgeschichtlichen Arbeiten zum Badewesen hinaus und erschließt das Bad als literarisches Phänomen neu.
More than Music
Authors: Calmbach Marc
Published: May 2015

Die Studie bietet auf breiter empirischer Basis - Experteninterviews, Szenepublikationen, quantitative Befragung von über 400 Szenegängern - Einblicke in die Jugendkultur Hardcore. Im Mittelpunkt steht der charakteristische Szeneaktivismus nach dem Prinzip des do it yourself (DIY): Die kulturelle Widerspenstigkeit des DIY-Aktivismus, die Bedeutung des DIY-Engagements als Authentizitätskriterium sowie die Eigenleistung Jugendlicher beim Erwerb und der Vermittlung von DIY-Kompetenzen werden herausgearbeitet. Damit liefert die Studie neue Impulse für die gegenwärtigen jugendkultursoziologischen Diskussionen.
Umweltherrschaft und Freiheit
Authors: Scholtes Fabian
Published: May 2015

»Umweltherrschaft« bedeutet, dass wir, indem wir Natur nutzen, eigene Präferenzen auch in fremden Kontexten wirksam werden lassen und sie dabei Anderen aufzwingen. Wie können wir nun diesen Anderen in der Naturbewertung gerecht werden - trotz der Ungewissheit, welcher Umgang mit Natur in ihren Augen gerechtfertigt wäre? Die Umweltökonomik bedarf dazu alternativer normativer Referenzen. Solche bietet die freiheitsbasierte Wirtschaftsethik von Amartya K. Sen, die in dieser Studie grundlegend analysiert und mit Blick auf Natur weiterentwickelt wird. »Vorläufigkeit« und »Optionenerhalt« folgen als klugheitsethische Orientierungen eines deliberativ zu verhandelnden Umgangs mit Natur.
Tanzimprovisation
Authors: Lampert Friederike
Published: May 2015

Dieses Buch beschreibt den Wandel des Choreographie-Begriffs, der sich durch die Improvisationspraxis im künstlerischen Tanz des 20. Jahrhunderts vollzogen hat. Improvisatorische Verfahren kennzeichnen die Arbeiten von zeitgenössischen Choreographen, die die Ästhetik des Tanzes am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts entscheidend prägen, wie etwa Trisha Brown, Steve Paxton, William Forsythe, Amanda Miller oder Jonathan Burrows, um nur wenige zu nennen. Zentrale Fragestellung der Untersuchung ist dabei nicht nur, wie im Laufe des 20. Jahrhunderts mit Improvisation im Tanz umgegangen wird, sondern vor allem, wie die Formen in einer Improvisation entstehen und welche Strukturen sich für die Formen verantwortlich zeigen. Ziel der Studie ist es, zum einen die Praxis und den Begriff der künstlerischen Tanzimprovisation auszudifferenzieren und zum anderen die Formenentstehung der Improvisation aufzudecken. Das Buch leistet damit einen Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnis in Tanzforschung und Tanzpädagogik.
Autonomie und Verletzlichkeit
Authors: Giesinger Johannes
Published: May 2015

Drei Fragen stehen im Zentrum dieser Studie: Erstens wird nach dem moralischen Status von Kindern gefragt, zweitens nach dem angemessenen Verständnis der Begriffe »Kind« und »Kindheit« sowie drittens nach der Legitimität pädagogischer Eingriffe. Pointierte Antworten auf diese - untereinander eng verknüpften - Fragestellungen werden im Rahmen einer eigenständigen Argumentation entwickelt, die sich an den aktuellen Debatten der angelsächsischen Ethik und Erziehungsphilosophie orientiert. So entsteht eine philosophisch präzise und doch leicht lesbare Einführung in die Ethik pädagogischen Handelns.
Vermessene Disziplin
Authors: Keim Wiebke
Published: May 2015

Im Weltmaßstab gesehen erscheinen die afrikanischen und lateinamerikanischen Sozialwissenschaften als peripher. Doch entstehen hier aus der Auseinandersetzung mit lokal relevanten gesellschaftlichen Fragestellungen originelle, eigenständige Bereiche der soziologischen Forschung und Lehre, die als konterhegemoniale Strömungen konzeptualisiert werden. An der Schnittstelle von Wissenschaftssoziologie und Globalisierungsforschung verbindet dieser Band theoretische und empirische Perspektiven auf Entwicklungen und Positionierungen der »Soziologien des Südens« und ist ein Gewinn für alle, die sich kritisch mit dem Eurozentrismus der Sozialwissenschaften befassen.
Aneignungen des Globalen
Authors: Braune Ines
Published: May 2015

Ängste und Hoffnungen verbinden sich mit den jungen Menschen, die in der arabischen Welt zwei Drittel der Bevölkerung ausmachen. Wie reagieren die Jugendlichen auf die Herausforderungen einer globalisierten Welt? Anhand der Internetnutzung marokkanischer Jugendlicher und den damit verbundenen Aneignungspraktiken lässt diese Studie die Ambivalenz von Globalisierungsprozessen in der arabischen Welt sichtbar werden. In der kommunikativen Entgrenzung wird die eigene strukturelle Begrenzung deutlich: Geographische, soziale und kulturelle Grenzen werden hinterfragt, verschoben und überwunden - aber auch fixiert.
Stil-Kulturen
Authors: Stern Martin
Published: May 2015

Dieses Buch präsentiert eine interdisziplinäre und empirisch fundierte Analyse neuer Sportarten wie Free-Climbing, Paragliding, Snowboarding u.a. So unterschiedlich und individuell diese Sportpraktiken erscheinen mögen, so eint sie doch die Entstehung neuartiger Stil-Kulturen, die hoch dynamische und innovative Konstellationen von Technik, Spiel und Risiko aufweisen. Eine Kombination von Stil und Können bildet die zentrale Leitfigur dieser sozialen Praktiken und ist dicht verwoben mit einer intermedialen Konstellation von Körper und (Bewegungs-)Bild. Diese Dynamik wird vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Diskussionen zu Intermedialität und informellen Bildungsprozessen, Mobilisierung der Subjekte sowie Möglichkeiten der Entstehung von Neuem bzw. der sozialen Dynamik von Habitus diskutiert.
Das Publikum des Lebens
Authors: Verdicchio Dirk
Published: May 2015

Populäre Wissenschaftsfilme über den Körper setzen auf Visualisierungen des Körperinneren - und versprechen damit einen neuen Blick auf das Leben. Mit Hilfe einer innovativen Verbindung von Sozialtheorie, Medien- und Wissenschaftssoziologie untersucht Dirk Verdicchio die Strategien der medialen Repräsentation in diesem Genre. Ausgehend von der medialen Verfasstheit von Publikumsgruppen und Sinnprozessen folgt er den filmischen Interventionen, um zu analysieren, was diese Filme vermitteln, was für ein Populäres der Wissenschaft sie entwerfen - und wie sie dies tun.
An efficient hybrid numerical scheme for solvinggeneral second order initial value problems (IVPs)
Authors: Adeniran Oluwadare , Ogundare Babatunde
Published: May 2015

The paper presents a one step hybrid numerical scheme with two off grid points for solving directly the general second order initial value problems of ordinary differential equations. The scheme is developed using collocation and interpolation technique. The proposed scheme is consistent, zero stable and of order four. This scheme can estimate the approximate solution at both step and off step points simultaneously by using variable step size. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency of the proposed scheme over the existing schemes.
A simple, effective and inexpensive method to highlight antigen-antibody reaction based on liquid-semisolid phase
Authors: Ciaiolo Carlo , Genero Antonia , Redoglia Valter , Omedè Paola
Published: May 2015

Identification of the immunological antigen-antibody reaction performed either in liquid phase or in agarose have several limits: antigen excess, low sensitivity, low speed reaction. A new method is described for the antigen-antibody reaction, easy, simple to perform and inexpensive. It is based on a reaction where the specific antibody is mixed with a semi-solid gel on a transparent surface and the antigen to be identified is inoculated into the gel. In this method, an immune precipitate can be shown in just few minutes, obtaining a good sensitivity compared with manual methods such as the Ouchterlony technique and other similar methods. By using albumin, IgG, RBP, transferrin, alpha-2-macroglobulin as antigen, the immune precipitate is formed within 10 min at 2–8 microgram/ml and, after 30 min, at 1–4 microgram/ml may be detected. The display of the immune precipitate is favored by oblique observation on a black background with a perpendicular light illuminating the gel from the bottom upwards. This method also allows a good control of antigen excess, a problem that is instead found in immunoturbidimetric reactions. The method here described has also been tested in serum and urine, and then it can be advantageously used as qualitative or semi-quantitative immunological test in research or diagnostic. Moreover, it could be particularly useful in low resources geographical areas, where an immunoassay that requires the use of dedicated equipment is not economically sustainable. The authors have waived the patent rights to allow the free development of new tests based on this method.
Noether’s theorem and the Willmore functional
Authors: Bernard Yann
Published: May 2015

Noether’s theorem and the invariances of the Willmore functional are used to derive conservation laws that are satisfied by the critical points of the Willmore energy subject to generic constraints. We recover in particular previous results independently obtained by R. Capovilla and J. Guven, and by T. Rivière. Several examples are considered in detail.
From plane to spatial angles: PTB’s spatial angle autocollimator calibrator
Authors: Kranz Oliver , Geckeler Ralf D. , Just Andreas , Krause Michael , Osten Wolfgang
Published: May 2015

Electronic autocollimators are utilised versatilely for non-contact angle measurements in applications like straightness measurements and profilometry. Yet, no calibration of the angle measurement of an autocollimator has been available when both its measurement axes are engaged. Additionally, autocollimators have been calibrated at fixed distances to the reflector, although its distance may vary during the use of an autocollimator. To extend the calibration capabilities of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) regarding spatial angles and variable distances, a novel calibration device has been set up: the spatial angle autocollimator calibrator (SAAC). In this paper, its concept and its mechanical realisation will be presented. The focus will be on the system’s mathematical modelling and its application in spatial angle calibrations. The model considers the misalignments of the SAAC’s components, including the non-orthogonalities of the measurement axes of the autocollimators and of the rotational axes of the tilting unit. It allows us to derive specific measurement procedures to determine the misalignments in situ and, in turn, to correct the measurements of the autocollimators. Finally, the realisation and the results of a traceable spatial angle calibration of an autocollimator will be presented. This is the first calibration of this type worldwide.
Ileal transposition in rats influenced glucose
metabolism and HSP70 levels
Authors: Stygar Dominika , Sawczyn Tomasz , Skrzep-Poloczek Bronisława , Karcz-Socha Iwona , Doleżych Bogdan , Zawisza-Raszka Agnieszka , Augustyniak Maria , Żwirska-Korczala Krystyna , Karcz Wojciech Konrad
Published: May 2015

Objective: Ileal transposition procedure (IT),
in combination with sleeve gastrectomy, is widely used
to induce diabetes remission and to control related
metabolic abnormalities. A transposition of a long
segment of distal ileum in obese Zucker rats improved
glucose tolerance 6 months after IT. The premise of
our study was to to examine the long - term effects of
ileum transposition on the liver glycolytic enzymes
content in a euglycemic group of operated Zucker rats.
Methods: Twenty male Zucker rats underwent either
the transposition of 50% distal ileum or a sham surgery.
Six months after surgery, liver tissue concentrations
of glycogen synthase kinase alpha (GSK-3α), glucose
6-phosphatase (G6PC), glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM)
and phosphofructokinase (PFK) and HSP70 were assessed
by immunoenzymatic methods. Results: HSP70 values
were significantly higher in the IT group compared to
SHAM. G6PC liver concentrations in the IT group were
almost 1.45-fold lower than in the SHAM operated rats.
Statistical analyses (F-test) showed HSP70 levels were
significantly related to caveolin-1and SHAM group.
Conclusions: Lowered glycolytic enzyme concentrations
assessed in the liver suggest positive effects on glucose
metabolism in long-term observations.
Cell-penetrating peptides for nanomedicine – how to choose the right peptide
Authors: Tabujew Ilja , Lelle Marco , Peneva Kalina
Published: May 2015

More than two decades ago, a group of peptides, now known as cell-penetrating peptides, sparked the hope that the ultimate carrier molecules have been found. The high expectations for these peptides, which are reflected in their bold name, led to many disappointments due to the controversial results their utilization entailed and nowadays even their effectiveness has been called into question. In this review, we discuss the uptake mechanism and application of cell penetrating peptides as mediators for organelle specific delivery of nanocarriers, pointing out the possibilities as well as strategies of their successful utilization. Additionally, we provide an overview of the conjugation techniques usually employed for the attachment of cell penetrating peptides to quantum dots, as well as silver and gold nanoparticles, and we address the various aspects that need to be considered for the successful implementation of cell penetrating peptides for organelle-specific delivery of nanoparticles into cells.
Determination of Soil Endangerment by Wind Erosion with Consideration of Legislative Changes in Acceptable Soil Loss
Authors: Streďanský Jozef , Lackóoá Lenka , Streďanská Anna , Varga Viktor
Published: May 2015

Value tightening of acceptable soil loss by wind erosion in amendment to the Act No. 220/2004 on Protection and Use of Agricultural Land in the Slovak Republic from 1st of April 2013 is necessary to reconsider wind erosion intensity in agricultural territories. The paper presents results of wind erosion intensity calculation by using Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) that is recommended by Act No. 220/2004. As observed we choose cadastral area Moèenok territory and had determined and compared changes in levels of soil endangerment of arable land by wind and spatial delamination of wind erosion in specific territory of Moèenok. According to WEQ calculation, we determined that soil loss from 3778.85 ha arable land is 1220.52 ha, which is highly endangerment by wind erosion. By defining levels of soil erosion endangerment (LSEE), we found out that area in 3rd class of endangerment rose from 1.48% to 43.37% after changing acceptable soil from 40 to 15 t ha-1 year-1. Results enable us to specify priority areas where to implement erosion control measures in according to sustainable use and protection of arable land in model area.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Cattle
Authors: Podkówka Zbigniew , Čermák Bohuslav , Podkówka Witold , Brouček Jan
Published: May 2015

Cattle produce greenhouse gases (GHG) which lead to changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere. These gases which cause greenhouse effect include: methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), dust particles and non-methane volatile organic compounds, commonly described as other than methane hydrocarbons. Fermentation processes taking place in the digestive tract produce ‘digestive gases’, distinguished from gases which are emitted during the decomposition of manure. Among these digestive gases methane and non-methane volatile organic compounds are of particular relevance importance. The amount of gases produced by cows can be reduced by choosing to rear animals with an improved genetically based performance. A dairy cow with higher production efficiency, producing milk with higher protein content and at the same time reduced fat content emits less GHG into the environment. Increasing the ratio of feed mixtures in a feed ration also reduces GHG emissions, especially of methane. By selection of dairy cows with higher production efficiency and appropriate nutrition, the farm's expected milk production target can be achieved while at the same time, the size of the herd is reduced, leading to a reduction of GHG emissions.
On the fourth derivative test for exponential sums
Authors: Robert Olivier
Published: May 2015

We give an upper bound for the exponential sum ∑
m=1,...,M
exp(2iπf(m)) where f is a real-valued function whose fourth derivative has the order of magnitude λ > 0 small.
Van der Corput's classical bound, in terms of M and λ only, involves the exponent 1/14. We show how this exponent
may be replaced by any θ < 1/12 without further hypotheses. The proof uses a recent result by Wooley
on the cubic Vinogradov system.
On fractional Tikhonov regularization
Authors: Gerth Daniel , Klann Esther , Ramlau Ronny , Reichel Lothar
Published: May 2015

It is well known that Tikhonov regularization in standard form may determine approximate solutions that are too smooth, i.e., the approximate solution may lack many details that the desired exact solution might possess. Two different approaches, both referred to as fractional Tikhonov methods have been introduced to remedy this shortcoming. This paper investigates the convergence properties of these methods by reviewing results published previously by various authors. We show that both methods are order optimal when the regularization parameter is chosen according to the discrepancy principle. The theory developed suggests situations in which the fractional methods yield approximate solutions of higher quality than Tikhonov regularization in standard form. Computed examples that illustrate the behavior of the methods are presented.
Inverse problems of demand analysis and their applications to computation of positively-homogeneous Konüs–Divisia indices and forecasting
Authors: Klemashev Nikolay I. , Shananin Alexander A.
Published: May 2015

According to Pareto’s theory of consumer demand a rational
representative consumer should choose their consumption bundle as
the solution of a mathematical programming problem of maximization of the
utility function under their budget constraint. The inverse problem
of demand analysis is to recover the utility function from the
demand functions. The answer to the question of solvability of this
problem is based on the revealed preference theory. If the problem
is unsolvable, one should apply regularization procedure by
introducing irrationality indices. When recovering the utility
function one puts a priori requirements on it. In this paper, we
suggest including positively-homogeneity property into these
requirements. We compare the setups with and without this
requirement both theoretically and empirically and provide evidence
in favor of requiring this property when computing economic indices
for consumer representing consumption behavior of large number of
various households for large time intervals.
Simulation of GNSS reflected signals and
estimation of position accuracy in
GNSS-challenged environment
Authors: Jakobsen Jakob , Jensen Anna B. O. , Nielsen Allan Aasbjerg
Published: May 2015

The paper describes the development and testing
of a simulation tool, called QualiSIM. The tool estimates
GNSS-based position accuracy based on a simulation
of the environment surrounding the GNSS antenna,
with a special focus on city-scape environments with large
amounts of signal reflections from non-line-of-sight satellites.
The signal reflections are implemented using the extended
geometric path length of the signal path caused by
reflections from the surrounding buildings.
Based on real GPS satellite positions, simulated Galileo
satellite positions, models of atmospheric effect on the
satellite signals, designs of representative environments
e.g. urban and rural scenarios, and a method to simulate
reflection of satellite signals within the environment we
are able to estimate the position accuracy given several
prerequisites as described in the paper.
The result is a modelling of the signal path from satellite
to receiver, the satellite availability, the extended pseudoranges
caused by signal reflection, and an estimate of the
position accuracy based on a least squares adjustment of
the extended pseudoranges. The paper describes the models
and algorithms used and a verification test where the
results of QualiSIM are compared with results from collection
of real GPS data in an environment with much signal
reflection.
The Uganda Gravimetric Geoid Model 2014 Computed by The KTH Method
Authors: Sjöberg L. E. , Gidudu A. , Ssengendo R.
Published: May 2015

For many developing countries such as Uganda,
precise gravimetric geoid determination is hindered by the
low quantity and quality of the terrestrial gravity data.
With only one gravity data point per 65 km2, gravimetric
geoid determination in Uganda appears an impossible
task. However, recent advances in geoid modelling
techniques coupled with the gravity-field anomalies from
the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer
(GOCE) satellite mission have opened new avenues
for geoid determination especially for areas with sparse
terrestrial gravity. The present study therefore investigates
the computation of a gravimetric geoid model overUganda
(UGG2014) using the Least Squares Modification of Stokes
formula with additive corrections. UGG2014 was derived
from sparse terrestrial gravity data from the International
Gravimetric Bureau, the 3 arc second SRTM ver4.1 Digital
Elevation Model from CGIAR-CSI and the GOCE-only
global geopotential model GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R5. To
compensate for the missing gravity data in the target area,
we used the surface gravity anomalies extracted from the
World Gravity Map 2012. Using 10 Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS)/levelling data points distributed over
Uganda, the RMS fit of the gravimetric geoid model before
and after a 4-parameter fit is 11 cm and 7 cm respectively.
These results show that UGG2014 agrees considerably
better with GNSS/levelling than any other recent regional/
global gravimetric geoid model. The results also
emphasize the significant contribution of the GOCE satellite
mission to the gravity field recovery, especially for areas
with very limited terrestrial gravity data.With an RMS
of 7 cm, UGG2014 is a significant step forward in the modelling
of a “1-cm geoid” over Uganda despite the poor quality
and quantity of the terrestrial gravity data used for its
computation.
Advances in the Application of Thin-Walled Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Elements
Authors: Henriksen Thomas , Lo Stephen , Knaack Ulrich
Published: May 2015

Thin-walled fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) elements are being adapted for large scale buildings with complex geometry envelopes. The current production methods, developed in the initial stages of glass fiber reinforced concrete FRC elements in the 1970s, are limited when striving to produce more complex shaped FRC elements. The limitations of the FRC elements in terms of material properties and surface quality were described for these current state of the art production methods. New production methods and casting techniques were proposed that will advance the application of thin-walled FRC for buildings with complex geometry envelopes. Evaluation of the current state of the art production methods concluded that the sprayed glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) methods are currently the most flexible solution which has the greatest potential for adapting the method to the requirements of complex geometry buildings. Further development of thin-walled GFRC elements would be possible by developing a mold system for complex geometry panels with an edge-return, which can utilize GF-UHPC with a vacuum technology, making it possible to produce complex geometry GFRC elements with an increased material performance and yet still meet the aesthetic requirements of minimal visual defects in the surface of thin-walled elements.
Atmospheric Corrosion Investigation of Aluminum-Coated, Zinc-Coated, and Copper-Bearing Steel Wire and Wire Products
Authors: Sweet Beryle G. , Britton Thomas C.
Published: May 2015

Description

DS 65 will help you select the wire product which will best serve your requirements for atmospheric corrosion protection. The report presents the results of 32 years of exposure of specimens representing:

• Unfabricated Wires (bare copper-bearing steel; zinc-coated steel wire; aluminum-coated steel wire; aluminum-coated steel wire) and

• Fabricated Wire Products (farm-field fence fabric; barbed wire; chain-link fence fabric; high-strength strand; aluminum conductors; steel reinforced).

Includes color photographs of each specimen.
A New Approach to Improve Soft Ground in a Railway Station Applying Air-Boosted Vacuum Preloading
Authors: Shen Yupeng , Wang Huihuang , Tian Yahu , Feng Ruiling , Liu Jiankun , Wu Lan
Published: May 2015

Conventional vacuum preloading usually does not meet the requirements to improve soft ground in railway stations due to its long duration and unstable drainage performance. This is because of the drainage capacity reduction over a prolonged period. To overcome these disadvantages, a new approach, called air-boosted vacuum preloading, was proposed to deal with the soft ground. To introduce the air-boosted vacuum preloading, principles of this new technology were first introduced in this paper, and then the whole process of the construction was listed. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed new method, four different sections were set up through measuring the settlement, the pore water pressure, and the groundwater table in a test field. The results showed that a more rapid improvement in the soils parameters was reached, especially in the vane shear strength and the compression modulus. Although the boosted action reduced the vacuum pressure to a certain degree, pressure differences between soils and the prefabricated vertical drains became much larger with the process of boosting, which lead to accelerate drainage. Preloading settlement of the boosted sections was greater than that of the conventional sections within the booster tube depth and was less beyond that depth. Similarly, the overall post-construction settlement was identical for both methods. Air-boosted vacuum preloading was thus recommended to treat soft soils for tight schedule projects.
Correlation of ASTM C1135 to Structural Testing for Curtain-Wall Applications
Authors: Allore Kelly , Carbary Lawrence , Broker Kelly
Published: May 2015

The purpose of the research presented herein is to correlate structural sealant laboratory test methods with structural test methods for full-scale curtain-wall mockups. Glass panels were adhered around the perimeter of the glass to extruded anodized aluminum frames using multi-component structural silicone sealants. This is considered “four-sided structural silicone glazing.” These panels were tested and deflection was recorded at various typical wind load pressures (in the spirit of ASTM E330: Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014, www.astm.org) during multiple cure times of the adhesives. The data has been compared to ASTM C1135 (Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Properties of Structural Sealants, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011, www.astm.org) specimen testing performed at the same cure times. The goal of the research was to better understand how well ASTM C1135 characterizes sealant behavior; and use the data as a platform to predict the performance of full-scale construction. By validating structural performance with cure time, assurance of the structural silicones' integrity during transportation to the site can be confirmed. This data set also took into consideration the time needed for removal of temporary fasteners during a replacement of broken glazing on an existing structure. A unique observation concluded that temporary fasteners could in fact be removed within 1 day of application depending upon site conditions. Two sealants were considered in the testing: a conventional two-part, 10:1 ratio structural silicone sealant that has been in use in commercial glazing for 30 years and a new 1:1 ratio two-part, structural silicone sealant that is currently available in hand-held packaging.
A Comparative Evaluation of the Behavior of Structural Silicone vs. Acrylic Foam Tape Subjected to High Strain Rates
Authors: Bull Errol , Cholaky Jorge , Kuhlman Sarah J. H.
Published: May 2015

Since the 1960s, silicone rubber has been used as an adhesive to bond glass/glass and glass/metal constructions for facades; an assembly method known as structural silicone glazing (SSG). More recently, an adhesive acrylic foam tape material has been promoted for the same use. SSG-type glazing systems transfer wind and other applied glazing loads, including those from seismic events, through the adhesive. Seismic events in particular impose loads into glazing systems which far exceed strain rates used in standardized laboratory testing protocols, and the behavior of these two materials under increased strain rates is interesting to consider for adhesively-bonded glazing designs in seismically-active regions. This paper presented data generated using specimens configured for testing in both a shear and a tension mode in which the geometry of the adhesive material in both specimen types was identical with the exception of thickness (the specimens were assembled in the thickness recommended by the product type). The shear specimens were of “lap shear” configuration, whereas the tensile specimens were a “cross tension” design, which mimics actual SSG joints more closely than have previous studies of similar materials. Specimens were tested to destruction at a standardized strain rate (ASTM; 50.8 mm/min (2 in./min)) and at two higher strain rate(s) in the range of those measured during high intensity seismic events with ground-based recording devices: 1100 mm/s (43 in./s) and 5000 mm/s (197 in./s). Comparisons are presented for a one and two-part structural silicone and one acrylic foam tape. Data is presented under freezing, elevated, and ambient temperature conditions.
Endovascular biopsy: Technical feasibility of novel endothelial cell harvesting devices assessed in a rabbit aneurysm model
Authors: Cooke Daniel L , Bauer Diana , Sun Zhengda , Stillson Carol , Nelson Jeffrey , Barry David , Hetts Steven W , Higashida Randall T , Dowd Christopher F , Halbach Van V , Su Hua , Saeed Maythem M
Published: May 2015

The lack of safe and reliable methods to sample vascular tissue in situ limits discovery of the underlying genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms of many vascular disorders, including aneurysms. We investigated the feasibility and comparable efficacy of in vivo vascular endothelial cell sampling using a spectrum of endovascular devices.

Using the rabbit elastase carotid aneurysm model we evaluated the performance of existing aneurysmal coils, intracranial stents, and stent-like devices to collect vascular endothelial cells. Additionally, we modified a subset of devices to assess the effects of alterations to coil pitch, coil wire contour, and stent surface finishing. Device performance was evaluated by (1) the number of viable endothelial cells harvested, (2) the degree of vascular wall damage analyzed using digital subtraction angiography and histopathological analysis, and (3) the ease of device navigability and retrieval. Isolated cells underwent immunohistochemical analysis to confirm cell type and viability. Coil and stent specifications, technique, and endothelial cell counts were tabulated and statistical analysis performed.

Using conventional detachable-type and modified aneurysm coils 11 of 14 (78.6%) harvested endothelial cells with a mean of 7.93 (±8.33) cells/coil, while 15 of 15 (100%) conventional stents, stent-like devices and modified stents harvested endothelial cells with a mean of 831.33 (±887.73) cells/device. Coil stiffness was significantly associated with endothelial cell count in univariate analysis (p = 0.044). For stents and stent-like devices univariate analysis demonstrated stent-to-aorta diameter ratios (p = 0.001), stent length (p = 0.049), and the use of a pulling retrieval technique (p = 0.019) significantly predictive of endothelial cell counts, though a multivariate model using these variables demonstrated only the stent-to-aorta diameter ratio (p = 0.029) predictive of endothelial cell counts. Modified devices did not significantly impact harvesting.

The efficacy and safety of existing aneurysm coils, intracranial stents and stent-like devices in collecting viable endothelial cells was confirmed. The technique is reproducible and the quantity and quality of collected endothelial cells is adequate for targeted genetic analysis.
Hypoglossal canal dural arteriovenous fistula embolized under precise anatomical evaluation by selective intra-arterial injection computed tomography angiography
Authors: Kanemaru Kazuya , Yoshioka Hideyuki , Yagi Takashi , Wakai Takuma , Hashimoto Koji , Fukumoto Yuichiro , Suzuki Keiko , Tateoka Toru , Kazama Hirofumi , Kinouchi Hiroyuki
Published: May 2015

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) involving the hypoglossal canal is rare but increasingly reported. To achieve complete obliteration without a procedure-related complication, understanding of the precise anatomy of this DAVF is essential. Here, we describe a 72-year-old man who underwent selective intra-arterial injection computed tomography angiography which allowed us to understand the detailed anatomy of the complex DAVF regarding access routes and the target regions for transvenous embolization (TVE). With the aid of this novel neuroimaging technique successful target TVE was achieved safely and completely.
Carotid rete mirabile associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage from intracranial aneurysm: A case report and systematic review
Authors: Paschoal Eric Homero Albuquerque , Yamaki Vitor Nagai , Júnior Fernando Mendes Paschoal , Piske Ronie Leo , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Bor-Seng-Shu Edson
Published: May 2015

Carotid rete mirabile (CRM) is a rare physiological vascular network in humans that is most often found in Eastern populations. This paper describes a CRM associated with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and discusses the details of the patient’s treatment. A 28-year-old woman was admitted to our service with clinical signs and symptoms of a spontaneous aSAH. Computed tomography revealed a diffuse and extensive SAH (Fisher group IV), while an angiogram showed an abnormal collateral network in the right carotid system and a hypoplastic aspect to the internal carotid artery (ICA) on the same side. In addition, a saccular aneurysm with a diameter of 9.5 mm was present in the ophthalmic segment of the left ICA. This case is extremely uncommon. To avoid rebleeding in the patient, we successfully treated the patient by clipping the aneurysmal lesion. No procedure was performed for the CRM.
A critical reappraisal of bilateral adrenalectomy for ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Reincke Martin , Ritzel Katrin , Oßwald Andrea , Berr Christina , Stalla Günter , Hallfeldt Klaus , Reisch Nicole , Schopohl Jochen , Beuschlein Felix
Published: May 2015

Objective

Our aim was to review short- and long-term outcomes of patients treated with bilateral adrenalectomy (BADx) in ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.

Methods

We reviewed the literature and analysed our experience with 53 patients treated with BADx since 1990 in our institution.

Results

BADx is considered if ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome is refractory to other treatment modalities. In Cushing's disease (CD), BADx is mainly used as an ultima ratio after transsphenoidal surgery and medical therapies have failed. In these cases, the time span between the first diagnosis of CD and treatment with BADx is relatively long (median 44 months). In ectopic Cushing's syndrome, the time from diagnosis to BADx is shorter (median 2 months), and BADx is often performed as an emergency procedure because of life-threatening complications of severe hypercortisolism. In both situations, BADx is relatively safe (median surgical morbidity 15%; median surgical mortality 3%) and provides excellent control of hypercortisolism; Cushing's-associated signs and symptoms are rapidly corrected, and co-morbidities are stabilised. In CD, the quality of life following BADx is rapidly improving, and long-term mortality is low. Specific long-term complications include the development of adrenal crisis and Nelson's syndrome. In ectopic Cushing's syndrome, long-term mortality is high but is mostly dependent on the prognosis of the underlying malignant neuroendocrine tumour.

Conclusion

BADx is a relatively safe and highly effective treatment, and it provides adequate control of long-term co-morbidities associated with hypercortisolism.
60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: The structure of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus: the neuroanatomical legacy of Geoffrey Harris
Authors: Watts Alan G
Published: May 2015

In November 1955, Geoffrey Harris published a paper based on the Christian A Herter Lecture he had given earlier that year at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA. The paper reviewed the contemporary research that was starting to explain how the hypothalamus controlled the pituitary gland. In the process of doing so, Harris introduced a set of properties that helped define the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. They included: i) three criteria that putative releasing factors for adenohypophysial hormones would have to fulfill; ii) an analogy between the representation of body parts in the sensory and motor cortices and the spatial localization of neuroendocrine function in the hypothalamus; and iii) the idea that neuroendocrine neurons are motor neurons and the pituitary stalk functions as a Sherringtonian final common pathway through which the impact of sensory and emotional events on neuroendocrine neurons must pass in order to control pituitary hormone release. Were these properties a sign that the major neuroscientific discoveries that were being made in the early 1950s were beginning to influence neuroendocrinology? This Thematic Review discusses two main points: the context and significance of Harris's Herter Lecture for how our understanding of neuroendocrine anatomy (particularly as it relates to the control of the adenohypophysis) has developed since 1955; and, within this framework, how novel and powerful techniques are currently taking our understanding of the structure of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus to new levels.
Remarkably Divergent Regions Punctuate the Genome Assembly of theCaenorhabditis elegansHawaiian Strain CB4856
Authors: Thompson Owen A , Snoek L Basten , Nijveen Harm , Sterken Mark G , Volkers Rita J M , Brenchley Rachel , van’t Hof Arjen , Bevers Roel P J , Cossins Andrew R , Yanai Itai , Hajnal Alex , Schmid Tobias , Perkins Jaryn D , Spencer David , Kruglyak Leonid , Andersen Erik C , Moerman Donald G , Hillier LaDeana W , Kammenga Jan E , Waterston Robert H
Published: May 2015

The Hawaiian strain (CB4856) of Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the most divergent from the canonical laboratory strain N2 and has been widely used in developmental, population, and evolutionary studies. To enhance the utility of the strain, we have generated a draft sequence of the CB4856 genome, exploiting a variety of resources and strategies. When compared against the N2 reference, the CB4856 genome has 327,050 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 79,529 insertion–deletion events that result in a total of 3.3 Mb of N2 sequence missing from CB4856 and 1.4 Mb of sequence present in CB4856 but not present in N2. As previously reported, the density of SNVs varies along the chromosomes, with the arms of chromosomes showing greater average variation than the centers. In addition, we find 61 regions totaling 2.8 Mb, distributed across all six chromosomes, which have a greatly elevated SNV density, ranging from 2 to 16% SNVs. A survey of other wild isolates show that the two alternative haplotypes for each region are widely distributed, suggesting they have been maintained by balancing selection over long evolutionary times. These divergent regions contain an abundance of genes from large rapidly evolving families encoding F-box, MATH, BATH, seven-transmembrane G-coupled receptors, and nuclear hormone receptors, suggesting that they provide selective advantages in natural environments. The draft sequence makes available a comprehensive catalog of sequence differences between the CB4856 and N2 strains that will facilitate the molecular dissection of their phenotypic differences. Our work also emphasizes the importance of going beyond simple alignment of reads to a reference genome when assessing differences between genomes.
A foglalkozási asztma napjainkban Magyarországon
Authors: Endre László
Published: May 2015

Occupational asthma belongs to communicable diseases, which should be reported in Hungary. During a 24-year period between January 1990 and December 2013, 180 occupational asthma cases were reported in Hungary (52 cases between 1990 and 1995, 83 cases between 1996 and 2000, 40 cases between 2001 and 2006, and 5 cases between 2007 and 2013). These data are unusual, because according to the official report of the National Korányi Pulmonology Institute in Budapest, at least 14,000 new adult asthma cases were reported in every year between 2000 and 2012 in Hungary. Also, international data indicate that at least 2% of adult patients with asthma have occupational asthma and at least 50 out of 1 million employees develop occupational asthma in each year. In 2003, 631 new occupational asthma patients were reported in the United Kingdom, but only 7 cases in Hungary. Because it is unlikely that the occupational environment in Hungary is much better than anywhere else in the world, it seems that not all new occupational asthma cases are reported in Hungary. Of the 180 reported cases in Hungary, 55 were bakers or other workers in flour mills. There were 11 metal-workers, 10 health care assistants, 9 workers dealing with textiles (tailors, dressmakers, workers in textile industry) and 9 employees worked upon leather and animal fur. According to international data, the most unsafe profession is the animal keeper in scientific laboratories, but only 4 of them were reported as having occupational asthma during the studied 24 years in Hungary. Interestingly, 3 museologists with newly-diagnosed occupational asthma were reported in 2003, but not such cases occurred before or after that year. In this paper the Hungarian literature of occupational asthma is summarized, followed by a review on the classification, pathomechanism, clinical presentation, predisposing factors, diagnostics and therapeutic aspects of the disease. Epidemiological data of adult asthma in Hungary and data from international studies on the occurrence of occupational asthma are also presented. Finally, the author draws attention to the low reporting activity of occupational asthma in Hungary and discusses the possible causes why this communicable disease is rarely reported. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(19), 769–778.
Több mint 50 év tapasztalat a congenitalis szívbetegek ellátásában egy magyar egyetemi központban. A CSONGRÁD Regiszter alapadatai
Authors: Havasi Kálmán , Kalapos Anita , Berek Krisztina , Domsik Péter , Kovács Gábor , Bogáts Gábor , Hartyánszky István , Kertész Erzsébet , Katona Márta , Rácz Katalin , Csanády Miklós , Forster Tamás , Nemes Attila
Published: May 2015

Due to improvement of surgical techniques and technical developments several patients with congenital heart disease have grown up. It has been decided to create a registry for their more precise treatment. This now includes 2770 patients with data of 3043 operations with almost 30 diagnoses. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the facts leading to create this register and the basics of this. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(20), 794–800.
Nem invazív fibrosisdiagnosztika hepatitis C-vírus-infekcióban: szerepe a kezelés indikációjában, követésében és a prognózis megítélésében
Authors: Pár Alajos , Vincze Áron , Pár Gabriella
Published: May 2015

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection associated with necroinflammation predisposes to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, which lead to severe end-stage complications. Staging of fibrosis is of basic importance for the indication of antiviral treatment, for monitoring the response and predicting the prognosis of patients with hepatitis C virus related liver disease. Since liver biopsy, the “gold standard” diagnosis of fibrosis is invasive and it has some other limitations, non-invasive methods have been developed and widely used in the clinical practice. Serum biomarkers and physical approaches measuring liver stiffness by elastography as well as combination algorithms have been gradually been integrated into guidelines resulting in a reduction of the need for liver biopsy. The authors review these non-invasive fibrosis markers and discuss their role in the indication of treatment, follow-up, and assessment of prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(21), 855–861.