bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Familles relais
Authors: Kuntzler Lara
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet article se propose de réfléchir aux conséquences sur le développement psychoaffectif de l’enfant dans le cadre d’un placement en accueil familial, où la confusion des places et des rôles de chacun est prégnante par rapport à un accompagnement en foyer qui, même basé sur le modèle familial, permet un travail en équipe autour de l’enfant et la possibilité d’un relais entre collègues. Il offre également une réflexion sur quelques outils possibles à penser pour aider à la mise en place d’un relais dans le cadre de l’accueil familial.
Comment domestiquer le travail social ?
Authors: Homberg Claude
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’accueil familial permanent est un mode de prise en charge de la protection de l’enfance qui instaure une parenté pratique entre un couple, dont l’un des parents, assistant familial, est travailleur social, et l’enfant accueilli dans sa famille. Ce qui suscite une interrogation permanente sur l’identité personnelle et professionnelle de l’assistant familial et l’identité sociale et familiale de l’enfant accueilli. Tracer les contours d’une approche clinique de l’accueil familial permanent permet d’éclairer les enjeux du processus de professionnalisation des assistants familiaux.
Usages des espaces rénovés et continuités populaires en centre ancien
Authors: Giroud Matthieu
Published: May 2011

Résumé Les anciens quartiers ouvriers représentent dans de nombreuses villes sud-européennes de véritables espaces stratégiques. À Lisbonne, dans le sillon creusé par l’organisation de l’exposition universelle de 1998, autorités publiques et privées ont entrepris la reconquête urbaine d’Alcántara, ancien faubourg ouvrier historique de la ville. Derrière les efforts affichés par ces acteurs de mieux respecter la mémoire industrielle et le contexte social local, la reconquête d’Alcántara s’est accompagnée de la production d’espaces rénovés dont l’accès est de plus en plus sélectif socialement. Cet article présente la manière dont deux espaces rénovés – Docas et Alcântara Rio – emblématiques de cette reconquête sont investis par des usagers issus des milieux populaires, résidents « déjà-là » ou non du quartier. L’analyse des fréquentations, usages et temporalités de ces deux espaces invite à évoquer la formation de continuités populaires et à interroger leur rôle dans le changement urbain des centres anciens.
L'occupation populaire de la rue : un frein à la gentrification ?
Authors: Clerval Anne
Published: May 2011

Résumé À partir des quartiers populaires et immigrés du Bas-Belleville (10 e -11 e arrondissements) et de Château-Rouge (18 e ) à Paris, cet article montre l’importance des usages populaires de la rue et de l’espace public. Marqués par une importante fréquentation autour de centralités commerciales immigrées et une sociabilité populaire extravertie, ces usages se prolongent d’une vague d’immigration à l’autre, en transcendant les origines nationales. Dans les deux quartiers étudiés, ils parviennent même à masquer le processus de gentrification en cours. S’il a été nettement retardé et freiné dans ces quartiers par rapport au reste de Paris, celui-ci n’en est pas moins réel et s’accompagne d’une volonté d’appropriation matérielle et symbolique de l’espace public par les gentrifieurs. Dès lors, usages populaires et gentrification apparaissent directement en concurrence. À Paris, la municipalité de gauche tend à accompagner les gentrifieurs par une politique d’embellissement de la ville et de normalisation des usages de l’espace public, au détriment des pratiques populaires.
Pêches populaires et gestion des espaces maritimes
Authors: Chlous-Ducharme Frédérique , Lacombe Philippe
Published: May 2011

Résumé Les activités de ramassage ou de prélèvement sur l’espace littoral et maritime sont des usages populaires méconnus et socialement peu valorisés en dehors des groupes concernés. Aujourd’hui, ces espaces sont investis par différentes catégories sociales. Que deviennent alors ces usages populaires de l’espace ? Cet article analyse la manière dont un usage populaire s’ancre puis peut être visité par d’autres catégories sociales. Il révèle leur diffusion, réappropriation, transformation et légitimation par des catégories supérieures. Par ailleurs, ces prélèvements effectués dans des zones fragiles posent la question de la gestion de la ressource et de la réglementation de ces usages. Dans le cadre spécifique de la gestion concertée de ces espaces « naturels », des alliances apparaissent entre les pêcheurs, d’origines désormais variées. Les différences entre catégories sociales semblent être lissées, mais n’assiste-t-on pas plutôt à la confiscation des espaces, de concertation, par les catégories supérieures ?
Les usages populaires du logement dans un grand ensemble de Berlin-Est
Authors: Cuny Cécile
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet article porte sur les usages populaires du logement. Il s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique menée dans le quartier nord du grand ensemble de Marzahn à Berlin-Est. Il confronte trois ménages au statut socio-professionnel identique (leurs ressources principales proviennent des aides sociales) mais qui développent des usages différents du logement. Cette différenciation dépend de la composition sociale et de l’inscription géographique des réseaux d’interconnaissance dans lesquels leurs membres sont insérés. Les usages que je qualifie de « populaires » sont marqués par une forte sociabilité entre voisins appartenant au même groupe familial élargi et identifient une catégorie sociale qui se caractérise par un faible capital culturel et social.
Le « spatialisme » du dernier Halbwachs
Authors: Beaubreuil Thomas
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet article d’histoire des sciences humaines et sociales a pour objectif de mieux faire connaître la théorie de l’« espace social » développée par Maurice Halbwachs, durant l’entre-deux-guerres. Les travaux du sociologue sur le « temps social » et la mémoire collective sont désormais à nouveau entrés dans le paysage de la recherche francophone. Néanmoins, sa conceptualisation de « l’espace social », pourtant consubstantielle de sa réflexion sur le « temps social », demeure peu connue. L’étude de la dimension spatiale des faits sociaux, telle qu’elle est étudiée par l’auteur à partir des Cadres sociaux de la mémoire (1925), n’en constitue pas moins une approche heuristique du lien entre la société, l’espace, le temps et la mémoire collective.
Success Indicators for an Accelerated Masters Entry Nursing Program: Staff RN Performance
Authors: Ziehm Scott R. , Uibel Isabel Cunningham , Fontaine Dorrie K. , Scherzer Teresa
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this exploratory research study was to assess employment performance outcomes of students who completed the prelicensure segment of an accelerated graduate entry program, the Masters Entry Program in Nursing (MEPN) at the University of California, San Francisco. MEPN RNs and their managers at three study sites completed a survey constructed from staff RN performance criteria position descriptions and participated in focus groups. Data were used to evaluate staff RN employment performance and how well the educational program prepared students for the staff RN role. Findings indicate that MEPN RNs’ self-assessment and their managers’ performance evaluation were rated as
very effective
in their staff RN roles, regardless of years of nursing experience. Recommendations for further research are discussed, encouraging the use of employment performance criteria as an additional way to evaluate the quality of nursing educational programs.
Visual Function After Bilateral Implantation of Apodized Diffractive Multifocal IOL With a +3.0 or +4.0 D Addition
Authors: Sun Yi , Zheng Danying , Song Tingting , Liu Yizhi
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate uncorrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity (VA), uncorrected near stereoacuity, the preferred reading distance, and reading speed after bilateral implantation of AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD1 or SN6AD3 multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Forty patients (80 eyes) from our hospital were prospectively enrolled in either the SN6AD1 group or the SN6AD3 group. There were 20 patients (40 eyes) in each group. Uncorrected distance and near VA, uncorrected intermediate VA at 40, 63, and 100 cm under high and low contrast, defocus curve, preferred reading distance, uncorrected near stereoacuity, and reading speed were evaluated 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Uncorrected intermediate VA at 40, 63, and 100 cm with high or low contrast was significantly better in the SN6AD1 group than in the SN6AD3 group (
P
< .05), with no difference in uncorrected distance VA or near VA (
P
> .05). The preferred reading distance in both groups was 38.5 and 32.8 cm, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in uncorrected near stereoacuity and reading speed (56.7 ± 45.4 vs 52.5 ± 35.4 seconds of arc and 174.2 ± 65.0 vs 195.3 ± 45.8 words per minute, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

Patients receiving the SN6AD1 IOL achieved better intermediate VA under high or low contrast and a more comfortable reading distance than patients receiving the SN6AD3 IOL without compromising uncorrected near and distance VA, uncorrected near stereoacuity, and reading speed.
Le champ filonien à Zn-(Pb, Cu, As, Hg) du district minier de Fedj Hassène (Nord Ouest de la Tunisie): Minéralogie, Eléments en traces, Isotopes du Soufre et Inclusions Fluides
Authors: Bejaoui J. , Bouhlel S. , Barca D. , Braham A.
Published: May 2011

Le district minier de Fedj Hassène est situé à proximité de la frontière algéro-tunisienne, à 10 Km au sud de la ville de Ghardimaou. Il regroupe plusieurs filons à Pb-Zn, localement accompagnés par des sulfures de Cu, d’As et d’Hg. Les réserves sont estimées à 370.000 t à 10% de Zn et 0,2% de Pb.

Les minéralisations remplissent des fractures subparallèles à la faille d’Ain Kohla de direction ESEWNW et des fentes d’extension qui recoupent les calcaires marneux du Turonien moyen. Le filon principal est formé par de la sphalérite massive brune et accessoirement par de la galène et de la barytine. Le minerai peut se présenter sous forme massive ou sous la forme de ciment de brèche. L’association minérale est composée par de la sphalérite, galène, chalcopyrite, pyrite et orpiment. La gangue est formée par de la calcite massive et localement par de la barytine et du quartz. L’analyse des éléments en trace dans la sphalérite révèle des teneurs en poids de 0,84% Fe, 0,14% Cd et 0,02% Mn.

L’étude des inclusions fluides dans la calcite et la sphalérite montre l’existence d’un fluide caractérisé par une salinité de l’ordre de 23% poids équiv. NaCl à température décroissante lors de la mise en place des minéralisations (194 °C lors du dépôt de la calcite et 133 °C lors du dépôt de la sphalérite). Ce fluide est caractérisé par une densité comprise entre 1,00 g/cm3 et 1,11 g/cm3 avec une pression de piégeage estimée de 200 bars. La précipitation des sulfures parait être contrôlée par une chute de la température.

Les mesures des isotopes du soufre dans la sphalérite donnent des valeurs de δ34S toutes positives et variant dans une gamme très restreinte comprise entre + 4,6‰ et 6,4‰ VCDT (moyenne=5,6‰). Ces valeurs indiquent une origine commune du soufre réduit qui est formé par les processus de ré duction thermique de sulfates. La source des sulfates admet les évaporites triasiques de la région comme reservoir potentiel.

Les études géologiques et minéralogiques couplées à la microthermométrie des inclusions fluides et la géochimie des éléments en traces et des isotopes du soufre permettent de classer le gisement filonien de Fedj Hassène dans le groupe des gisements polymétalliques (Pb-Zn-As, Hg) typiques de la zone des nappes de la Tunisie du Nord et de l’Algérie nord-orientale.
B Cell Maturation Antigen Deficiency Exacerbates Lymphoproliferation and Autoimmunity in Murine Lupus
Authors: Jiang Chao , Loo William M. , Greenley Erin J. , Tung Kenneth S. , Erickson Loren D.
Published: May 2011

Systemic lupus erythematosus and its preclinical lupus-prone mouse models are autoimmune disorders involving the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Genetic predisposition to systemic lupus erythematosus results in B cell hyperactivity, survival of self-reactive B cells, and differentiation to autoantibody-secreting plasma cells (PCs). These corrupt B cell responses are, in part, controlled by excess levels of the cytokine BAFF that normally maintains B cell homeostasis and self-tolerance through limited production. B cell maturation Ag (BCMA) is a receptor for BAFF that, under nonautoimmune conditions, is important for sustaining enduring Ab protection by mediating survival of long-lived PCs but is not required for B cell maturation and homeostasis. Through analysis of two different lupus-prone mouse models deficient in BCMA, we identify BCMA as an important factor in regulating peripheral B cell expansion, differentiation, and survival. We demonstrate that a BCMA deficiency combined with the lpr mutation or the murine lupus susceptibility locus Nba2 causes dramatic B cell and PC lymphoproliferation, accelerated autoantibody production, and early lethality. This study unexpectedly reveals that BCMA works to control B cell homeostasis and self-tolerance in systemic autoimmunity.
CD300F Blocks Both MyD88 and TRIF-Mediated TLR Signaling through Activation of Src Homology Region 2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase 1
Authors: Lee Sang-Min , Kim Eun-Ju , Suk Kyoungho , Lee Won-Ha
Published: May 2011

CD300F is known to exhibit inhibitory activity in myeloid cells through its intracellular ITIM. To investigate the effect of CD300F stimulation on TLR signaling, the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 was treated with CD300F-specific mAbs or two synthetic peptides that represented the ITIM-like domains of CD300F. Treatment with these agents blocked TLR2-, 3-, 4-, and 9-mediated expression of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinase-9. The luciferase reporter assay in 293T cells and Western blot analysis of THP-1 cells revealed that these inhibitory actions were effective in pathways involving MyD88 and/or TRIF of TLR signaling and associated with marked suppression of IκB kinase activation, phosphorylation/degradation of IκB, and subsequent activation of NF-κB. Use of specific inhibitors and immunoprecipitation analysis further indicated that the inhibitory effects were mediated by Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1, a protein tyrosine phosphatase with inhibitory activity in hematopoietic cells. These data indicate that CD300F is an active regulator of TLR-mediated macrophage activation through its association with Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 and that the synthetic peptides can be applied for the regulation of immune responses that are induced by TLRs.
Leukotriene B4 Mediates Neutrophil Migration Induced by Heme
Authors: Monteiro Ana Paula T. , Pinheiro Carla S. , Luna-Gomes Tatiana , Alves Liliane R. , Maya-Monteiro Clarissa M. , Porto Barbara N. , Barja-Fidalgo Christina , Benjamim Claudia F. , Peters-Golden Marc , Bandeira-Melo Christianne , Bozza Marcelo T. , Canetti Claudio
Published: May 2011

High concentrations of free heme found during hemolytic events or cell damage leads to inflammation, characterized by neutrophil recruitment and production of reactive oxygen species, through mechanisms not yet elucidated. In this study, we provide evidence that heme-induced neutrophilic inflammation depends on endogenous activity of the macrophage-derived lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4). In vivo, heme-induced neutrophil recruitment into the peritoneal cavity of mice was attenuated by pretreatment with 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors and leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) receptor antagonists as well as in 5-LO knockout (5-LO−/−) mice. Heme administration in vivo increased peritoneal levels of LTB4 prior to and during neutrophil recruitment. Evidence that LTB4 was synthesized by resident macrophages, but not mast cells, included the following: 1) immuno-localization of heme-induced LTB4 was compartmentalized exclusively within lipid bodies of resident macrophages; 2) an increase in the macrophage population enhanced heme-induced neutrophil migration; 3) depletion of resident mast cells did not affect heme-induced LTB4 production or neutrophil influx; 4) increased levels of LTB4 were found in heme-stimulated peritoneal cavities displaying increased macrophage numbers; and 5) in vitro, heme was able to activate directly macrophages to synthesize LTB4. Our findings uncover a crucial role of LTB4 in neutrophil migration induced by heme and suggest that beneficial therapeutic outcomes could be achieved by targeting the 5-LO pathway in the treatment of inflammation associated with hemolytic processes.
GM-CSF–Based Fusion Cytokines as Ligands for Immune Modulation
Authors: Williams Patrick , Galipeau Jacques
Published: May 2011

Chromosomal translocations that combine distinct functional domains of unrelated proteins are an experiment in nature. They demonstrate how endogenous regulatory checkpoints can be overridden by altered cell biochemistry, informing a means to engineering an aberrant signal that the cell is incapable of counterregulating. Thus, our laboratory and others have synthesized fusions of GM-CSF with peptides, ILs, and chemokines, which we have termed fusokines, with the aim of inducing an enhanced immune response against cancer, aiming to overcome the maladapted biological processes causing disease. In doing so, we found that these fusokines did not behave as merely the sum of their natural unfused counterparts, but as entirely novel ligands co-opting their cognate receptor to communicate a unique message to responsive cellular targets. In this review, we discuss how fusion proteins combining different bioactive ligands can alter immune responses and briefly discuss the regulatory pathways that they circumvent.
Cutting Edge: Identification of a Motile IL-17–Producing γδ T Cell Population in the Dermis
Authors: Gray Elizabeth E. , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Cyster Jason G.
Published: May 2011

Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) are a well-studied population of γδ T cells that play important roles in wound repair. In this study, we characterize a second major population of γδ T cells in the skin that is present in the dermis. In contrast to DETCs, these Vγ5-negative cells are IL-7RhiCCR6hi retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt+ and are precommitted to IL-17 production. Dermal γδ T cells fail to reconstitute following irradiation and bone marrow transplantation unless the mice also receive a transfer of neonatal thymocytes. Real-time intravital imaging of CXCR6GFP/+ mouse skin reveals dermal γδ T cells migrate at ∼4 μm/min, whereas DETCs are immobile. Like their counterparts in peripheral lymph nodes, dermal γδ T cells rapidly produce IL-17 following exposure to IL-1β plus IL-23. We have characterized a major population of skin γδ T cells and propose that these cells are a key source of IL-17 in the early hours after skin infection.
Nanoporous Structure of Bone Matrix at Osteoporosis from Data of Atomic Force Microscopy and IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Gaidash A. A. , Sinitsa L. N. , Babenko O. A. , Lugovskoy A. A.
Published: May 2011

It was found that in an osteoporotic bone the fraction of nanosized pores decreases, the mineral phase amorphizes, hydrated shells around mineralized particles of the bone matrix thicken, and adhesion forces increase. This contributes to the formation of water clusters similar to bulk water clusters compared to the healthy bone tissue and leads to the accumulation of more viscous liquid with increased intermolecular interaction forces in the pores of the bone matrix. Given this, the rates of chemical reactions proceeding in the water phase of ultrathin channels of general parts of collagen fibrils decrease. Ultimately, nanopores of collagen-apatite interfaces lose, to a certain extent, the capability of catalyzing the hydroxyapatite crystallization.
Neuroradiological Findings of an Adolescent with Early Treated Phenylketonuria: Is Phenylalanine Restriction Enough?
Authors: Beckhauser Mayara Thays , Peruchi Mirella Maccarini , de Luca Gisele Rozone , Lin Katia , Esteves Sofia , Vilarinho Laura , Lin Jaime
Published: May 2011

Phenylketonuria is caused by mutations in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase gene, that can result in abnormal concentrations of phenylalanine on blood, resulting in metabolites that can cause brain damage. The treatment is based on dietary restriction of phenylalanine, and noncompliance with treatment may result in damage of the brain function. Brain abnormalities can be seen on magnetic resonance imaging of these individuals. Studies indicate that the appearance of abnormalities in white matter reflects high levels of phenylalanine on the blood. This case will show the clinical and neuroradiological aspects of a teenager with constant control of phenylalanine levels. Despite the continuous monitoring and early treatment, the magnetic resonance imaging identified impressive abnormalities in the white matter. This leads us to one question: is the restriction of phenylalanine sufficient to prevent changes in the white matter in patients with phenylketonuria?
Osteopoikilosis: Pain as a Presenting Symptom in Three Family Members
Authors: Aghdashi M.A. , Aghdashi M.M. , Rabiepoor M.
Published: May 2011

Osteopoikilosis is a rare asymptomatic sclerosing bony dysplasia of benign origin. It is usually found incidentally on radiological examinations. Familial occurrence indicates a genetic milieu with autosomal dominant pattern. Here, we present a case report of a young woman suffering from pelvic pain due to osteopoikilosis (OPK). The same disorder was later found in her son and daughter.
A Retrospective (Post-Marketing) Case Series of Patients Receiving Intramuscular (IM) Olanzapine outside of Product Doses and Indications (Off-Label): Assessing Safety and Tolerability
Authors: Lamoure Joel W. , Rudnick Abraham
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Intramuscular (IM) olanzapine has been approved for the management of acute agitation/psychosis secondary to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and dementia, in a dose not to exceed 10 mg per injection and 30 mg per day. Many other clinical situations exist in which patients are acutely agitated and in whom IM olanzapine might be warranted at recommended or higher doses. We systematically reviewed data on 8 such patients, during 10 inpatient admissions, to assess the overall safety and tolerability of this approach.

Methods

Using a standardized data recording sheet, we retrospectively collected information on 10 inpatient admissions between 2004 and 2007, in which IM olanzapine was administered outside of product dosing and/or indication guidelines. We present composite data and the details of each case individually.

Results

Records of eight patients (5 males, 3 females; mean age/age range = 43.9/18–77 years) were reviewed over 10 inpatient admissions, 5 to Psychiatry, 4 to Surgery, and one to Internal Medicine. Indications for admission were mania (2), schizophrenia (1), schizoaffective disorder (2), brain injury (2), sepsis (1), sepsis with respiratory failure (1), and cancer (1). Five patients were intoxicated with or experienced withdrawal from alcohol and/or drugs, likely adding to their agitation. Only one symptomatic episode of orthostatic hypotension occurred, in a patient with comorbid C. difficile colitis, which resolved when antibiotics were initiated and olanzapine discontinued; olanzapine IM was successfully reinstituted 2 days later, without incident. No other significant adverse events or side effects were ascribed to IM olanzapine.

Conclusions

Intramuscular olanzapine may be safe to use outside of product dosing and indication guidelines. Randomized clinical trials are warranted to study such off-label use further.
Safety and Efficacy of Armodafinil in the Treatment of Excessive Sleepiness
Authors: Brown Jamie N. , Wilson Dustin T.
Published: May 2011

Objective

To review the efficacy and safety of armodafinil for the treatment in patients with excessive sleepiness.

Data sources

Literature was accessed via MEDLINE (1966–February 2011) and EMBASE (1980–February 2011) using the medical subject heading terms armodafinil and sleep.

Study selection and data extraction

All English-language, peer-reviewed publications were analyzed for relevance. Studies appropriate to the objective were evaluated if they prospectively assessed the effectiveness of armodafinil in patients with excessive sleepiness in a multiple-dose, comparator trial. The literature search identified published reports of 7 randomized, placebo-controlled studies.

Data synthesis

Armodafinil is a wakefulness-promoting agent used in the treatment of patients with excessive sleepiness and is the R-enantiomer of modafinil. Studies have demonstrated that armodafinil may be effective and safe when used in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, circadian rhythm disorders, and narcolepsy. Although the studies identified had limited sample sizes, they consistently demonstrated improvement on various efficacy rating scales for sleep. Study durations ranged from 3 days to 12 weeks, with doses ranging from 50 mg to 250 mg daily. The most common adverse effects associated with armodafinil therapy were headache, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, and anxiety, although increases in systolic blood pressure and pulse rate were also reported.

Conclusion

Current evidence suggests that armodafinil significantly improves wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness in studies up to 12 weeks. Long-term effectiveness and safety cannot be adequately determined at this time. Although armodafinil should be considered safe for use, health-care providers should monitor for adverse effects, particularly cardiovascular complications.
Hormonal Disturbances in Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar)
Authors: Araujo Lima Verde Frederico , Agenor Araujo Lima Verde Francisco , Neto Augusto Saboia , Almeida Paulo César , Mendonça Lima Verde Emir
Published: May 2011

This study presents a cross-sectional analysis of the hormonal alterations of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. The diagnosis was established by the bone marrow aspiration and polymerase chain reaction test. Primary adrenal insufficiency was observed in 45.8% of patients; low aldosterone/renin plasma ratio in 69.4%; low daily urinary aldosterone excretion in 61.1%; and low transtubular potassium gradient in 68.0%. All patients had normal plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations, hyponatremia, and high urinary osmolality. Plasma parathyroid hormone was low in 63%; hypomagnesemia was present in 46.4%, and increased Mg++EF in 100%. Primary thyroid insufficiency was observed in 24.6%, and secondary thyroid insufficiency in 14.1%. Normal follicle-stimulating hormone plasma levels were present in 81.4%; high luteinizing hormone and low testosterone plasma levels in 58.2% of men. There are evidences of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities, inappropriate aldosterone and ADH secretions, and presence of hypoparathyroidism, magnesium depletion, thyroid and testicular insufficiencies.
Leishmania (Viannia) Infection in the Domestic Dog in Chaparral, Colombia
Authors: Santaella Julián , Ocampo Clara B. , Saravia Nancy G. , Méndez Fabián , Góngora Rafael , Gomez Maria Adelaida , Munstermann Leonard E. , Quinnell Rupert J.
Published: May 2011

Peridomestic transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis is increasingly reported and dogs may be a reservoir of Leishmania (Viannia) in this setting. We investigated the prevalence of infection in dogs in Chaparral County, Colombia, the focus of an epidemic of human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis. Two (0.72%) of 279 dogs had lesions typical of cutaneous leishmaniasis that were biopsy positive by kinetoplast DNA polymerase chain reaction–Southern blotting. Seroprevalence was 2.2% (6 of 279) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Buffy coat and ear skin biopsy specimens were positive by polymerase chain reaction–Southern blotting in 7.3% (10 of 137) and 11.4% (12 of 105) of dogs, respectively. Overall 20% of dogs (21 of 105) showed positive results for one or more tests. Amplification and sequencing of the Leishmania 7SL RNA gene identified L. guyanensis in one dog and L. braziliensis in two dogs. No association was identified between the risk factors evaluated and canine infection. Dogs may contribute to transmission but their role in this focus appears to be limited.
Identification of Risk Areas for Visceral Leishmaniasis in Teresina, Piaui State, Brazil
Authors: de Almeida Andréa S. , de Andrade Medronho Roberto , Werneck Guilherme L.
Published: May 2011

This study used spatial analysis to identify areas at greatest risk of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the urban area of Teresina, Brazil during 2001–2006. The results from kernel ratios showed that peripheral census tracts were the most heavily affected. Local spatial analysis showed that in the beginning of the study period local clusters of high incidence of VL were mostly located in the southern and northeastern parts of the city, but in subsequent years those clusters also appeared in the northern region of the city, suggesting that the pattern of VL is not static, and the disease may occasionally spread to other areas of the municipality. We also observed a spatial correlation between VL rates and all socioeconomic and demographic indicators evaluated (P < 0.01). The concentration of interventions in high-risk areas could be an effective strategy to control the disease in the urban setting.
Formative Ethnographic Research to Improve Evaluation of a Novel Water System in Ghana
Authors: Alcorn Ted E. , Opryszko Melissa C. , Schwab Kellogg J.
Published: May 2011

The accessibility of potable water is fundamental to public health. A private for-profit company is installing kiosk-based drinking-water systems in rural and peri-urban villages in Ghana, and we evaluated their performance. Preceding an observational study to measure the effect of these kiosks on the incidence of water-related disease in recipient communities, we conducted ethnographic research to assess local water-related practices and the ways these practices would affect adoption of the new technology. We conducted fieldwork in two communities in Ghana and interviewed stakeholders throughout the water sector. Our findings illustrate the complexity of water-related behaviors and indicate several factors that may sustain disease transmission despite the presence of the new technology. This formative ethnographic research also improved the precision of our subsequent evaluation of the intervention by providing a site-specific, culturally-appropriate knowledge base. This study demonstrates the value of incorporating qualitative research techniques into evaluations of water-related projects.
A Multi-Year Study of Mosquito Feeding Patterns on Avian Hosts in a Southeastern Focus of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Estep Laura K. , McClure Christopher J. W. , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D. , Hassan Hassan K. , Hicks Tyler L. , Unnasch Thomas R. , Hill Geoffrey E.
Published: May 2011

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that cycles in birds but also causes severe disease in humans and horses. We examined patterns of avian host use by vectors of EEEV in Alabama from 2001 to 2009 using blood-meal analysis of field-collected mosquitoes and avian abundance surveys. The northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) was the only preferred host (fed on significantly more than expected based on abundance) of Culiseta melanura, the enzootic vector of EEEV. Preferred hosts of Culex erraticus, a putative bridge vector of EEEV, were American robin (Turdus migratorius), Carolina chickadee (Poecile carolinensis), barred owl (Strix varia), and northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottis). Our results provide insight into the relationships between vectors of EEEV and their avian hosts in the Southeast and suggest that the northern cardinal may be important in the ecology of EEEV in this region.
Successful Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania aethiopica with Liposomal Amphothericin B in an Immunocompromised Traveler Returning from Eritrea
Authors: Zanger Philipp , Kötter Ina , Raible Armin , Gelanew Tesfaye , Schönian Gabriele , Kremsner Peter G.
Published: May 2011

Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania aethiopica is rarely encountered outside disease-endemic areas and there have been no clinical trials evaluating its pharmacotherapy. We describe the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. aethiopica using liposomal amphothericin B in an immunocompromised traveler returning from Eritrea.
Review of Occupational Therapy Research in the Practice Area of Children and Youth
Authors: Bendixen Roxanna M. , Kreider Consuelo M.
Published: May 2011

We conducted a systematic review focusing on articles in the occupational therapy practice category of Children and Youth published in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy over the 2-yr period of 2009–2010. We used the frameworks of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and Positive Youth Development (PYD) to explore occupational therapy research progress toward the goals of the Centennial Vision. We organized 46 research articles by research type and classified them within these two frameworks. Most reviewed published research investigated variables representing constructs falling within the ICF domains of Body Functioning and Activity. The effect of occupational therapy interventions on PYD resided primarily in building competence. To meet the tenets of the Centennial Vision, occupational therapists must document changes in children’s engagement in everyday life situations and build the evidence of occupational therapist’s efficacy in facilitating participation.
Relationships Between Sensory Modulation and Social Supports and Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Kinnealey Moya , Koenig Kristie Patten , Smith Sinclair
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE. We explored the relationships between sensory modulation and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), social supports, and mental health symptoms of anxiety and depression.

METHOD. Twenty-eight adult volunteers ages 18–60 participated in the study. Fourteen adults were sensory overresponsive (SOR), and 14 adults in a matched comparative group were not sensory overresponsive (NSOR). All participants were tested using self-administered measures of sensory processing.

RESULTS. Significant differences were found between SOR and NSOR groups on symptoms of anxiety, depression, and 4 of 8 indicators of HRQOL.

CONCLUSION. Several analyses exploring the relationships among the variables tested suggest that sensory response style, whether comparing SOR and NSOR groups or exploring the correlation of the response quadrants of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, appears significantly and differentially related to symptoms of affective mental health and quality-of-life indicators, including social participation.
Journal Quality Metrics: Options to Consider Other Than Impact Factors
Authors: Brown Ted
Published: May 2011

Journal quality metrics (also referred to as bibliometrics), such as impact factors, are increasingly being used as a measure of researchers’ and educators’ success and prestige. Occupational therapists who submit articles to peer-reviewed journals may face a professional and research dilemma: Do they submit their articles to journals that largely have a professional audience and potentially do not have an impact factor, or do they opt not to publish their research material in occupational therapy–oriented journals? Occupational therapy authors can consider other journal quality metric alternatives, in addition to the impact factor option, including the Eigenfactor Score, Article Influence Score, h-index, SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), Source Normalised Impact per Paper (SNIP), and discipline-specific generated journal quality measures. These other journal quality metrics can be important reference points for occupational therapists who publish and may encourage authors to publish in journals relevant to the discipline. This process, in turn, will build the occupational therapy body of knowledge as well as provide an essential, growing reference source for evidence-based practice.
Using the LOTCA to Measure Cultural and Sociodemographic Effects on Cognitive Skills in Two Groups of Children
Authors: Josman Naomi , Abdallah Taisir M. , Engel-Yeger Batya
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVES. Our objectives were (1) to compare the differential effects of cultural and sociodemographic variables on the cognitive performance of Israeli and Palestinian children, (2) to examine validity of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) for kindergarten children, and (3) to determine the feasibility of using the LOTCA as a screening tool for assessing Palestinian children’s cognitive abilities.

METHOD. Participants were 101 Jewish Israeli and 125 Muslim Palestinian children, ranging in grade from kindergarten to second grade.

RESULTS. Israeli children achieved significantly higher scores than the Palestinian children on most LOTCA domains. We obtained significant Grade × Cultural Group interaction effects (F[10, 364] = 1.73, p < .001, effect size [ES] − η2 = .045) and also found a significant Cultural Group × Mother's Education interaction (F[5, 184] = 2.49, p < .05, ES − η2 = .064).

CONCLUSION. Cultural and sociodemographic variables appear to affect cognitive performance. The LOTCA revealed cognitive differences between the cultural groups and school grades and may thus constitute an appropriate evaluation tool focusing on children’s school grade promotion.
A Primer on Meta-analysis in Clinical Psychology
Authors: Baldwin Scott A. , Shadish William R.
Published: May 2011

The authors provide a primer on meta-analysis. Topics are covered at an introductory level and references are provided for readers wanting further information. Topics covered include literature search procedures, coding manuals and extracting information from studies, calculating effect sizes, combining effect sizes, fixed and random effects analysis, influence analysis, moderator analysis, multivariate meta-analysis, and publication bias. All analyses are illustrated using k = 18 behavioral marital therapy versus control studies. The authors conclude by considering criticisms of meta-analysis, introducing reporting standards in meta-analysis, and reviewing software options for meta-analysis. An appendix for the paper includes the data and annotated Stata code for replicating the results presented.
Tracing the Interpersonal Web of Psychopathology: Dyadic Data Analysis Methods for Clinical Researchers
Authors: Sadler Pamela , Ethier Nicole , Woody Erik
Published: May 2011

Recent advances in dyadic data analysis techniques, which treat the dyad, rather than the individual, as the unit of analysis, offer great potential for clinical researchers studying psychopathology. Accordingly, the present article provides readers with a foundation for understanding how the web of interpersonal processes surrounding psychopathology can be modeled and analyzed. The authors start by describing why the analysis of dyadic behaviour may be particularly important for clinical researchers and how issues of dependence that lie at the heart of dyadic data may be productively studied. Next, they describe design issues to consider when studying the interactions of dyads, as well as different kinds of outcome and predictor variables and their data-analytic implications. They introduce the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM), and explain in detail how to estimate it using structural equation modeling (SEM) for both distinguishable and indistinguishable dyads. Extensions of the basic APIM to allow for moderation and mediation, as well as alternative dyadic models involving dyadic latent variables are also covered. Toward the end of the article, the authors describe various approaches for incorporating psychopathology into dyadic SEMs and provide a list of basic questions for clinical researchers to consider when setting up a dyadic model for data analysis.
Performing Taxometric Analysis to Distinguish Categorical and Dimensional Variables
Authors: Ruscio John , Ruscio Ayelet Meron , Carney Lauren M.
Published: May 2011

A fundamental question facing clinical scientists is whether the constructs they are studying are categorical or dimensional in nature. The taxometric method was developed expressly to answer this question and is being used by a growing number of investigators to inform theory, research, and practice in psychopathology. The current paper provides a practical introduction to the method, updating earlier tutorials based on the findings of recent methodological studies. We offer revised guidelines for data requirements, indicator selection, parameter estimation, and procedure selection and implementation. We illustrate our recommended approach to taxometric analysis using idealized data sets as well as data sets representative of those found in clinical research. We close with advice to help newcomers get started on their own taxometric analyses.
Aligning operant resources for global performance: An assessment of supply chain human resource management
Authors: Richey R Glenn , Hilton Chadwick B , Harvey Michael G , Beitelspacher Lauren Skinner , Tokman Mert , Moeller Miriam
Published: May 2011

Purpose:

The intent of the paper is to develop the service marketing logic (S-D logic) strategy that is centered on service as a means to differentiate global strategy from those of competitors. The context of the paper is to examine S-D logic in global supply chains.

Design/Methodology:

The paper is a theory driven conceptual piece.

Findings:

Globalization emphasizes complex interconnected systems, while S-D logic emphasizes the importance of leveraging operant resources in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Both S-D logic and globalization apply in the supply chain context. This paper focuses on the global supply chain and the importance of leveraging service based operant resources. Because the focus of management has shifted from a domestic to a more complex, three-dimensional network, it is critical for practitioners and researchers to understand how to optimize service based operant resources in the global marketplace.

Practical Implications:

Because the focus of management has shifted from a domestic to a more complex, three-dimensional global network, it is critical for practitioners and researchers to understand how to optimize service based operant resources in the global marketplace. We suggest that in this dynamic marketplace, both globalization and S-D logic are required to fully explain supply chain performance. Specifically, we suggest that managers develop a global ‘supply-chain management’ perspective allowing for the key operant resource – human capital – to create synergistic partner relationships and customer experiences resulting in superior performance.

Originality/Value:

This is one of the first (if not the first) paper that examines S-D logic in a global context. This move forward from the domestic orientation of many/most of the recent literature provides the foundation for future global research into the S-D logic.
Salesperson engagement and performance: A theoretical model
Authors: Medhurst Adrian , Albrecht Simon
Published: May 2011

Sales performance is widely regarded as an important index of individual and organizational performance. Sales employees require access to organizational and job resources as well as personal resources in order to function effectively. An individual-level salesperson performance model is proposed that draws from the motivational process represented in the Job Demands-Resources Model (Bakker & Demerouti, 2007). Organizational and job resources are conceptualized in terms of employee involvement climate (Riordan, Vandenberg, & Richardson, 2005). Personal resources are conceptualized in terms of employees' psychological capital (Luthans & Youssef, 2004). The model delineates how employee involvement climate influences engagement; how psychological capital influences performance; how employee involvement climate and psychological capital interact to influence employee engagement; and how, in turn, engagement impacts salesperson performance. The model will potentially prove useful to human resource managers, organizational development practitioners, and sales managers aiming to up-skill and more fully involve and engage their salespeople in order to optimize salesperson performance.
Investigating potential biases in observed and modeled metrics of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions
Authors: Duong H. T. , Sorooshian A. , Feingold G.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. This study utilizes large eddy simulation, aircraft measurements, and satellite observations to identify factors that bias the absolute magnitude of metrics of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions for warm clouds. The metrics considered are precipitation susceptibility So, which examines rain rate sensitivity to changes in drop number, and a cloud-precipitation metric, χ, which relates changes in rain rate to those in drop size. While wide ranges in rain rate exist at fixed cloud drop concentration for different cloud liquid water amounts, χ and So are shown to be relatively insensitive to the growth phase of the cloud for large datasets that include data representing the full spectrum of cloud lifetime. Spatial resolution of measurements is shown to influence the liquid water path-dependent behavior of So and χ. Other factors of importance are the choice of the minimum rain rate threshold, and how to quantify rain rate, drop size, and the cloud condensation nucleus proxy. Finally, low biases in retrieved aerosol amounts owing to wet scavenging and high biases associated with above-cloud aerosol layers should be accounted for. The paper explores the impact of these effects for model, satellite, and aircraft data.