bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verlust und Trauer unter den Bedingungen der Corona-Pandemie – Was empfinden trauernde Angehörige/Zugehörige in Bezug auf ihren Bedarf an seelsorglicher bzw. psychologischer Unterstützung?
Authors: Baumann Klaus , Büssing Arndt
Published: January 2022

Hintergrund: Aufgrund der COVID-19 Pandemie wurden Kontaktbeschränkungen verhängt, die auch das Abschiednehmen von sterbenden Familienangehörigen betraf. Wie gehen Angehörige unter diesen Bedingungen mit ihrer Trauer um, wie fühlten sie sich durch das Behandlungs-/Betreuungsteam im Krankenhaus, Pflegeheimen oder Hospizen unterstützt, und wie stand es um einen Bedarf an eigener seelsorglicher bzw. psychologischer Unterstützung?

Methoden: Um diesen Fragen nachzugehen, wurde eine Studie im mixed-methods-Design gestartet, aus der im Folgenden Querschnitts-Daten von 85 Teilnehmenden berichtet werden.

Ergebnisse: Eine gute emotionale Betreuung/Begleitung durch das Behandlungs-/Betreuungsteam wurde von 37 % derjenigen beschrieben, deren Angehörige nicht im häuslichen Umfeld verstarben; 38 % empfanden dies nicht und 26 % waren diesbezüglich indifferent. In den Gesprächen wurden seelsorgliche oder religiöse Fragen nur bei wenigen thematisiert; nur bei wenigen wurden Hinweise auf seelsorgliche Angebote/Trauerbegleitung gegeben (16 %). Jedoch hatten 68 % einen Wunsch nach seelsorglicher und 55 % nach psychologischer Begleitung. Diejenigen mit hoher Trauerbelastung (SAVE-Scores) hatten fast alle den Wunsch nach seelsorglicher Begleitung.

Schlussfolgerungen: Diese ersten Ergebnisse zeigen ausgeprägte Bedürfnisse nach Seelsorge und Begleitung im Trauerprozess, zumal unter den zusätzlich belastenden Bedingungen der Corona-Pandemie. Sie weisen auch auf das Fehlen von verfügbaren Seelsorgepersonen, von psychologischer Begleitung und von niederschwelligen Hinweisen seitens des betreuenden Personals der Einrichtungen im Sinne von Spiritual Care hin.
Spelling variation and text alignment
Authors: Voeste Anja
Published: January 2022

In the 15th century, at a time when codification via dictionaries and grammars had not yet taken effect, printers, editors, and compositors were already producing pamphlets and books that had to meet the new requirements of the letterpress, especially as regards the arrangement of white space and uniform line justification (even-margined on the left and right). The following analysis investigates five German editions of theMirabilia Romae(Marvels of the City of Rome), a well-known pilgrim guide, all printed in 1500 for the contemporaneous Jubilee year and thus for short-term sale. The results show that compositors used different means for text alignment: In addition to deviations in line counts and the repositioning of lines, they chose extended or contracted spelling variants, predominantly on the second half of the page. The most frequent variants are abbreviations in the form of tildes. However, just a few spelling patterns with tildes were used. With respect to explanatory processes in a historical perspective, the results call for a closer consideration of page format, text layout (mise-en-page) and line justification when evaluating spelling variation in early book printing.
An Investigation on Bacterial Air-Entrained Concrete Permeability using Statistical Modeling
Authors: Parastegari Niloofar , Mostofinejad Davood , Poursina Davood
Published: January 2022

In recent decades, bacterial self-healing concrete has gradually reached its deserved popularity because of its ecofriendly ability to heal cracks spontaneously. This study investigates the simultaneous effects of several factors such as air voids, bacterially impregnated mix water, curing environment, and surface treatment on the permeability of concrete. For this study, experiments were conducted using water absorption, water permeability, and carbonation depth as the response variables. The experiments were performed within the framework of a fractional factorial split-plot design, which led to a decrease in the number of experiments without loss of precision. For this purpose, 126 cubic specimens of different dimensions were cast. The statistical random effect model was run to study the significant relationships between the factors and the response variables. Results revealed that the use of bacteria in the mixed water led to significantly reduced water absorption (about 19 %) and carbonation depth under acidic conditions (about 32 %). Furthermore, water absorption decreased with increasing air voids in the bacteria-laden air-entrained concrete specimens up to 31 % and 50 % for the specimens with 5 and 8 % air voids, respectively, suggesting that air voids probably protected the bacteria from exposure to the deadly alkaline and dry conditions inside the concrete.
Modeling and Optimizing the Penetration in the Submerged Arc Welding Process in the Presence of ZrO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Kheradmandan Hasan , Aghakhani Masood , Kheradmandan Tahereh , Kheradmandan Sepideh , Mahdipour Jalilian Maziar , Ghiasvand A. , Abbas Hosseini Seyed
Published: January 2022

Penetration is one of the most vital parameters because of its influences on weld strength and weld quality. Choosing the input parameters in submerged arc welding (SAW) has significant effects on input heat into the weld pool, which affects the quality of weldment. The amazing advancement of nanotechnology in various industrial areas persuaded researchers to use nanoparticles in new research. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles were selected in order to identify their effects in the weld pool in combination with other welding input parameters. The five-level, five-parameter central composite rotatable design, response surface methodology, the slime mold algorithm, and Harris hawks optimization were utilized to design and develop the research and finally to predict and optimize the weld penetration affected by the arc voltage, welding current, nozzle-to-plate distance, welding speed, and the thickness of ZrO2 nanoparticles coated on ST-37 steel. The main and interaction effects of input parameters on weld penetration were drawn. The results demonstrated that weld penetration decreased initially by increasing the thickness of ZrO2 nanoparticles up to 0.25 mm, which was due to reversing Marangoni convection mode. Furthermore, weld penetration increased with increase in ZrO2 nanoparticles above thicknesses of 0.75 mm. The reason for increase in weld penetration was because of the fact the ZrO2 nanoparticles have low thermal conductivity, which leads to less heat transfer. The results confirmed that the accuracy of model obtained by slime mold algorithm was 5.2 % more than response surface methodology.
FMRP Sustains Presynaptic Function via Control of Activity-Dependent Bulk Endocytosis
Authors: Bonnycastle Katherine , Kind Peter C. , Cousin Michael A.
Published: January 2022

Synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling is essential for the maintenance of neurotransmission, with a number of neurodevelopmental disorders linked to defects in this process. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) results from a loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) encoded by theFMR1gene. Hyperexcitability of neuronal circuits is a key feature of FXS, therefore we investigated whether SV recycling was affected by the absence of FMRP during increased neuronal activity. We revealed that primary neuronal cultures from maleFmr1knock-out (KO) rats display a specific defect in activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE). ADBE is dominant during intense neuronal activity, and this defect resulted in an inability ofFmr1KO neurons to sustain SV recycling during trains of high-frequency stimulation. Using a molecular replacement strategy, we also revealed that a human FMRP mutant that cannot bind BK channels failed to correct ADBE dysfunction in KO neurons, however this dysfunction was corrected by BK channel agonists. Therefore, FMRP performs a key role in sustaining neurotransmitter release via selective control of ADBE, suggesting intervention via this endocytosis mode may correct the hyperexcitability observed in FXS.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLoss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) results in fragile X syndrome (FXS), however whether its loss has a direct role in neurotransmitter release remains a matter of debate. We demonstrate that neurons lacking FMRP display a specific defect in a mechanism that sustains neurotransmitter release during intense neuronal firing, called activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE). This discovery provides key insights into mechanisms of brain communication that occur because of loss of FMRP function. Importantly it also reveals ADBE as a potential therapeutic target to correct the circuit hyperexcitability observed in FXS.
A polycentric food sovereignty approach to climate resilience in the Philippines
Authors: Heckelman Amber , Chappell M. Jahi , Wittman Hannah
Published: January 2022

Enhancing climate resilience in agrarian communities requires improving the underlying socioecological conditions for farmers to engage in adaptation and mitigation strategies, alongside collaborative and redistributive community development to reduce vulnerabilities. To overcome barriers to climate resilience in the Philippines, a grassroots farmer-led organization comprised of resource-poor smallholders, scientists, and nongovernmental organizations have organized a polycentric network over the past 30 years to implement food sovereignty initiatives. We explore the extent to which the network’s decentralized and farmer-led organizational structure; programming and services; promotion of diversified, organic, and agroecological farming systems; and political organizing and advocacy create broadly accessible and diverse pathways for resource-poor smallholders to build climate resilience. We find that the Magsasaka at Siyentipiko para sa Pag-Unlad ng Agrikultura’s (Farmer-Scientist Partnership for Development) polycentric governance approach directly addresses the root causes of vulnerability, particularly in working to reclaim farmer rights and control over resources, connecting local and global struggles, and revitalizing agrobiodiversity and place-based knowledge.
Análisis comparativo del transporte de carga minera en la Región Central
Authors: Casapia Soto Henrry Gastón
Published: January 2022

La investigación muestra un análisis comparativo de infraestructura de transporte terrestre en el Perú, donde existe competencia intermodal, específicamente, entre la carretera y el ferrocarril en la Región Central. A partir de este análisis se establece qué medio de transporte de carga se utiliza para llevar mercancías como graneles sólidos, considerando a los productores y consumidores que compiten por la logística minera con destino al Puerto del Callao. Los resultados demuestran que al transferir la carga minera de la carretera al ferrocarril se reduce la congestión vehicular por el uso intensivo de camiones.
Aplicación del Lean Manufacturing (5s y Kaizen) para el incremento de la productividad en el área de producción de adhesivos acuosos de una empresa manufacturera
Authors: Vargas Crisóstomo Edith Luz , Camero Jiménez José William
Published: January 2022

La presente investigación se desarrolla en una empresa manufacturera que en los últimos cuatro años ha estado presentando un problema de baja productividad en el área de producción de adhesivos acuosos, cuyos valores de productividad son inferiores a 5 Kg/h‑h, que es el valor esperado. Por consiguiente, en el presente estudio se consideró necesario aplicar una estrategia de mejora basada en la metodología de Lean Manufacturing, por lo que se seleccionó la metodología Kaizen y las 5S. La aplicación se llevó a cabo en etapas que consistieron, primero, en un diagnóstico situacional, seguido del diseño, la implementación y la evaluación de los resultados; estas etapas se desarrollaron en 7 meses, de enero a julio del 2019. Al culminar la aplicación de la metodología del Lean Manufacturing, se evaluaron los resultados de la productividad y se obtuvo un valor promedio de 5.58 Kg/h-h. Cabe mencionar que, en el año 2018, antes de la aplicación del Lean Manufacturing, se tenía un valor promedio de productividad de 4.37 Kg/h-h.
Programa de mejora del nivel de concientización ciudadana sobre la recolección de residuos sólidos en el barrio de San Carlos, Huancayo
Authors: Limache Flores Marisol
Published: January 2022

Los problemas de recolección de residuos sólidos en el barrio de San Carlos no solo generan un mal estético, también problemas de salubridad pública, además de ser un desperdicio de oportunidad económica para todos los pobladores del barrio. La presente investigación busca concientizar al ciudadano sobre recolección de residuos sólidos, para lo cual se realizó un programa de trabajo el cual incluye capacitaciones, elaboración de publicidad, trípticos y polos relacionados a la recolección de residuos sólidos. Con la tesis desarrollada se logró que las personas conozcan temas sobre segregación de residuos sólidos, el reciclaje, rellenos sanitarios, el rol de los municipios, la prevención, salud, higiene y seguridad. Entre los resultados más resaltantes tenemos que el trabajo de capacitación y sensibilización fue favorable en la concientización sobre el reciclaje de las personas logrado conocimientos en temas de segregación y recolección adecuada de residuos sólidos a favor del medio ambiente.
La banca digital: Innovación tecnológica en la inclusión financiera en el Perú
Authors: Vargas Garcia Allan Herminio
Published: January 2022

El impacto de la transformación digital impulsado por los avances tecnológicos afecta al sector financiero con la entrada de nuevos modelos de negocios como las fintech y bigtech que compiten con éxito ofreciendo productos financieros con potencial disruptivo. La banca digital es el resultado de la suma de la banca tradicional y el internet donde se ofrecen servicios bancarios a través de una página web o aplicación móvil. La integración de servicios financieros en ecosistemas digitales representa un reto para la banca tradicional que necesita evolucionar para enfrentar los cambios del entorno. La banca digital cumple un papel importante en la inclusión financiera, pues permite que más peruanos tengan acceso a servicios innovadores e impulsa el crecimiento económico. Sin embargo, también existe un alto nivel de fraude digital cuyo objetivo es hurtar dinero o chantajear a los usuarios financieros mediante el phishing y el uso de malware. Para evaluar las variables “banca digital” e “inclusión financiera” se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, útil para relaciones lineales, y para la tabulación de los resultados se utilizó el software SPSS–IBM.
Factores críticos para la adopción de las TIC en micro y pequeñas empresas industriales
Authors: Vasquez Reyes Edgar Fernando
Published: January 2022

Las micro y pequeñas empresas emplean aproximadamente al 60% de la población económicamente activa (PEA) ocupada en nuestro país, pero solo el 15% de ellas tiene acceso a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). Por ese motivo se percibe que no comprenden estas herramientas tecnológicas, no les dan el valor correspondiente ni la importancia debida y, como consecuencia de ello, son lentas en la adopción y uso de las TIC. La presente investigación de tipo no experimental busca evidencia de la relación entre factores críticos y la adopción de las tecnologías de la información en este tipo de empresas. Para ello se realiza una encuesta a 179 empresarios en Lima Metropolitana. Luego de la evaluación y análisis de los datos obtenidos, se demuestra que 11 factores tienen una correlación positiva para la adopción de tecnologías de la información y 3 se rechazan porque el nivel de significancia obtenido es mayor a 0.05. Así, se genera un nuevo modelo de adopción de tecnologías de la información para este tipo de empresas basado en los 11 factores aceptados.
La relevancia de las finanzas en un modelo de negocio sostenible en poblaciones vulnerables
Authors: Reátegui Vela Walther Hernán , Reátegui Vela Ana Inés
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Analizar la relevancia de las finanzas en un modelo de negocio sostenible en poblaciones vulnerables. Método: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, basada en la revisión de literatura incluyendo los conceptos de sostenibilidad, finanzas sostenibles, cadenas de valor, cambio climático y economía circular. Se incluyó principalmente la revisión de bases bibliográficas como Scopus, Clarivate, Academia y Google Académico, y se excluyó la revisión de literatura de las finanzas clásicas. Resultados: Se identificó que los aspectos financieros son incluidos en la gestión de los negocios sostenibles; sin embargo, estos se realizan de forma convencional dificultando que alcancen los fondos necesarios. Se propone un modelo que es abordado desde una perspectiva de cadena de valor que considera la gestión de los riesgos ambientales, sociales y económicos, buscando que quienes más riesgos enfrentan reciban mayor rendimiento. Conclusión: Para lograr que se implante un modelo conceptual, en el que las finanzas sostenibles tengan una clara participación, se considera relevante asegurar un mayor empoderamiento a las poblaciones a quienes se busca favorecer a través de una mejor formación financiera; e igualmente, es clave que las fuentes de financiamiento profundicen la evaluación de los riesgos y rendimientos, y los resultados sean medibles en los estados financieros de los negocios.
Juicios en la preparación de estados financieros de empresas mineras peruanas
Authors: Castañeda Moreano Rosa Milagros
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Identificar si existe una revelación diferenciada de los juicios de las empresas mineras peruanas para el año 2020 en relación con las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF), y describir si se presenta un suficiente nivel de detalle de los supuestos asumidos en las empresas mineras peruanas en el año 2020 en relación con las NIIF. Método: Enfoque cualitativo, parcialmente descriptivo, no experimental, transversal y un análisis de contenido del marco normativo de las NIIF y de los estados financieros de las empresas mineras peruanas. Resultados: Cuatro de las once empresas mineras peruanas no efectúan una revelación diferenciada de los juicios y, por otro lado, los supuestos asumidos son genéricos y no proporcionan mayor detalle. Conclusión: Existe una apertura de criterios en la revelación de juicios y una carencia de revelación suficiente de los supuestos asumidos.
Factores económicos externos en el crecimiento de la economía peruana: Un modelo vector autorregresivo (VAR)
Authors: Chávez Lazo Iraida Betty , Burgos Zavaleta Víctor Fernando Jesús
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Determinar el efecto que generan los factores económicos externos hacia el crecimiento económico del Perú en el periodo 2000-2019. Método: La investigación fue de índole descriptivo y explicativo, con diseño no experimental. La técnica de recolección de data empleó el análisis documentario y utilizó una población de tipo censal, considerando a la economía del Perú y la economía global. Se estimó el modelo vector autorregresivo (VAR), donde se desarrolló un análisis estadístico y un análisis estructural. Resultados: Se encontró que el shock del producto bruto interno (PBI) chino da a conocer un crecimiento en su participación (42,0%) sobre el crecimiento del PBI del Perú en su décimo trimestre; los shocks de los términos de intercambio registraron una incidencia económica que oscila alrededor del 2,0% y los shocks del índice de riesgo país han consignado un leve ascenso, alcanzando el 3,0% de variabilidad del PBI del Perú. Conclusión: Se encontró que las variables consideradas como factores externos, sobre todo el PBI de China, repercuten, de una manera u otra, en el crecimiento económico del país.
Reproduction of the fish Poeciliopsis gracilis (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) in Coatetelco, a tropical shallow lake in Mexico
Authors: Gómez-Márquez José Luis , Peña-Mendoza Bertha , Salgado-Ugarte Isaías H. , Sánchez-Herrera Abby K. , Sastré-Baez Leonardo
Published: January 2022

A reproductive analysis of 1 225 specimens of Poeciliopsis gracilis obtained through monthly samples from Coatetelco, a tropical shallow lake in Central Mexico, was made. There was an evident sexual dimorphism, including a difference in body size at the onset of reproduction. Sex ratio deviated significantly from unity. Monthly variations in gonadosomatic (GSI), hepatosomatic (HSI) indexes and ovarian development stages showed that the spawning season was from July to October, coinciding with the rainy season and phytoplankton biomass increase.
Implications of coral harvest and transplantation on reefs in northwestern Dominica
Authors: Bruckner Andrew W. , Borneman Eric H.
Published: January 2022

In June, 2002, the government of Dominica requested assistance in evaluating the coral culture and transplantation activities being undertaken by Oceanographic Institute of Dominica (OID), a coral farm culturing both western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific corals for restoration and commercial sales. We assessed the culture facilities of OID, the condition of reefs, potential impacts of coral collection and benefits of coral transplantation. Coral reefs (9 reefs, 3-20m depth) were characterized by 35 species of scleractinian corals and a live coral cover of 8-35%. Early colonizing, brooders such as Porites astreoides (14.8% of all corals), P. porites (14.8%), Meandrina meandrites (14.7%) and Agaricia agaricites (9.1%) were the most abundant corals, but colonies were mostly small (mean=25cm diameter). Montastraea annularis (complex) was the other dominant taxa (20.8% of all corals) and colonies were larger (mean=70cm). Corals (pooled species) were missing an average of 20% of their tissue, with a mean of 1.4% recent mortality. Coral diseases affected 6.4% of all colonies, with the highest prevalence at Cabrits West (11.0%), Douglas Bay (12.2%) and Coconut Outer reef (20.7%). White plague and yellow band disease were causing the greatest loss of tissue, especially among M. annularis (complex), with localized impacts from corallivores, overgrowth by macroalgae, storm damage and sedimentation. While the reefs appeared to be undergoing substantial decline, restoration efforts by OID were unlikely to promote recovery. No Pacific species were identified at OID restoration sites, yet species chosen for transplantation with highest survival included short-lived brooders (Agaricia and Porites) that were abundant in restoration sites, as well as non-reef builders (Palythoa and Erythropodium) that monopolize substrates and overgrow corals. The species of highest value for restoration (massive broadcast spawners) showed low survivorship and unrestored populations of these species were most affected by biotic stressors and human impacts, all of which need to be addressed to enhance survival of outplants. Problems with culture practices at OID, such as high water temperature, adequate light levels and persistent overgrowth by macroalgae could be addressed through simple modifications. Nevertheless, coral disease and other stressors are of major concern to the most important reef builders, as these species are less amenable to restoration, collection could threaten their survival and losses require decades to centuries to replace.
Reproducción de Joturus pichardi y Agonostomus monticola (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) en ríos de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Eslava Eljaiek Pedro , Díaz Vesga Roy
Published: January 2022

Para los mugílidos de agua dulce Joturus pichardi y Agonostomus monticola se han documentado aspectos ecológicos y de distribución, principalmente para las poblaciones de América Central, sin embargo, hay poca información disponible de sus aspectos reproductivos, especialmente en ambientes de agua dulce de Colombia. Por lo tanto para ambas especies se estudió la biología reproductiva en ríos de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta durante julio de 2005 y diciembre de 2006. En total, 14 especímenes de J. pichardi y 320 A. monticola fueron capturados. Proporción sexual, índice gonadosomático, talla media de madurez, fecundidad y diámetros de los ovocitos fueron evaluados. Se realizó un bioensayo para observar el efecto de la salinidad sobre la movilidad espermática y su posible relación con el área de desove de las especies. Estos mugílidos comparten un hábitat con características ecológicas similares, de corrientes fuertes y claras y zonas pedregosas. Indicadores de madurez gonadal y evidencias indirectas son presentados y con los cuales se comprueba que el periodo reproductivo se encuentra relacionado con los mayores valores de precipitación de la zona (septiembre a noviembre), así como, la migración catádroma de J. pichardi y A. monticola. Estas especies representan un potencial de cultivo, dado su alimentación basada en vegetales y macroinvertebrados, la calidad de su carne y las tallas que pueden alcanzar, por lo cual, se deben efectuar estudios más profundos que revelen mayor información sobre su comportamiento y reproducción en cautividad.
Estudio del crecimiento de Prioria copaifera (Caesalpinaceae) mediante técnicas dendrocronológicas
Authors: Giraldo Jiménez Jorge Andrés , Del Valle Arango Jorge Ignacio
Published: January 2022

El cativo (Prioria copaifera G.) forma bosques dominados por la especie llamados cativales. Durante más de 70 años el cativo ha sido la base principal de la industria maderera en el Darién colombiano, siendo, por su alta productividad y dominancia uno de los bosques tropicales más fáciles de ordenar sosteniblemente. El propósito de esta investigación es modelar el crecimiento del diámetro y el volumen del cativo en función de la edad así como las tasas instantáneas, medias y relativas, empleando anillos de crecimiento. La anualidad de los anillos se demostró usando el efecto de las bombas nucleares y mediante cofechado. Con base en los anillos de crecimiento radiales se modelo el crecimiento del diámetro y del volumen. Esta especie alcanza 40 cm de diámetro en 90 años y presenta crecimiento medio de 0.31cm/año. El lapso vital de la especie es de aproximadamente 614 años. El incremento corriente anual máximo del volumen a los 90 años es 0.033m3/año, e iguala al incremento medio a los 145 años con 0.018m3/año. La tasa media de crecimiento absoluta es 0.021m3/año. Los resultados aquí obtenidos sirven como base técnica para el manejo sostenible de los cativales.
Ciclos biogeoquímicos en bosques naturales y plantaciones de coníferas en ecosistemas de alta montaña de Colombia
Authors: León Juan Diego , González María Isabel , Gallardo Juan Fernando
Published: January 2022

La caída y descomposición de hojarasca representan los principales ingresos de materia orgánica y nutrientes a los ecosistemas forestales. Se estudiaron la caída y acumulación de hojarasca fina y el retorno de nutrientes, en un robledal (Quercus humboldtii) y en plantaciones de pino (Pinus patula) y ciprés (Cupressus lusitanica) en tierras altas de Colombia. La caída de hojarasca fina fue similar entre el robledal (7.5Mg/ha.a) y el pinar (7.8Mg/ha.a), y muy inferior en el cipresal (3.5Mg/ha.a). El mantillo representó 1.76, 1.73 y 1.3Mg/ha.a en el robledal, pinar y cipresal, respectivamente. El tiempo medio de residencia (TMR) del mantillo siguió la secuencia: cipresal (3.3 años)>pinar (2.1 años)>robledal (1.8 años). La cantidad de nutrientes retenidos en el mantillo siguió la secuencia: pinar (115kg/ ha)>robledal (78kg/ha)>cipresal (24kg/ha). Los menores TMR de nutrientes se presentaron para la hojarasca foliar del robledal, en su mayoría inferiores a 1.0 años. En términos de la función ecosistémica en el robledal los procesos estudiados son muy superiores vía provisión de nutrientes al suelo y regulación de los ciclos biogeoquímicos, aspectos que deben ser considerados previa implementación de programas de repoblamiento forestal.
Seed germination and seedling growth of two Pseudobombax species (Malvaceae) with contrasting habitats from Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Mendes-Rodrigues Clesnan , Eugênio Oliveira Paulo , Aparecida Ranal Marli
Published: January 2022

Pseudobombax tomentosum and P. longiflorum are common trees in the Cerrado region, but the former species is more common in forest edges while the later is present in open cerrado areas. This work aimed to investigate differences in seed germination and seedling growth in these species, from seed collected from Cerrado areas in Central Brazil. For this, a seed germination experiment was designed and included four replicates with 25 seeds per species; seeds were randomly distributed in the germination chamber. To evaluate initial seedling growth, seedlings height was measured up to 67 days after seedling emergence; besides, some of these seedlings were grown for biomass evaluation during nine months. Results showed that seeds of the two species had the same germinability (near 100%) and mean germination time (ca. 12 days). However, P. longiflorum showed a more spread seed germination through time, with higher values of coefficient of variation in germination time and uncertainty index; and lower values of synchronization than P. tomentosum. The two species showed basically the same growth pattern, but lower values for height of apical meristem, diameter of underground structures (mostly roots), dry mass of shoots, underground structure and total mass of seedlings in P. tomentosum were obtained, compared to P. longiflorum. Both species allocated more dry mass to underground structures in detriment of shoot. This probably allows resprouting behavior which prevents hydric stress and detrimental fire action typical of the open Cerrado areas.
Reproduction, pollination and seed predation of Senna multijuga (Fabaceae) in two protected areas in the Brazilian Atlantic forest
Authors: Wolowski Marina , Freitas Leandro
Published: January 2022

Es importante determinar la eficacia de las áreas de conservación cuando se están implementando diferentes categorías de manejo, y una forma de hacerlo es conociendo si se mantiene una reproducción sexual efectiva en las especies de plantas y sus interacciones con grupos de animales. Para evaluar esta cuestión, se comparó la fenología, el éxito reproductivo, la polinización y la pre-dispersión de semillas depredadas de la leguminosa Senna multijuga en dos áreas protegidas sometidas a diferente tipos de manejo en el sureste de Brasil: el Parque Nacional de Itatiaia y el Área de Protección Ambiental de Serrinha de Alambari, de diciembre 2007 a diciembre 2008. La fenodinámica vegetativa y reproductiva fue registrada mensualmente en 80 individuos; otras evaluaciones incluyeron 104 horas de observación de la polinización (marzo-mayo 2008) en 51 inflorescencias, además del conteo de frutos, fecundidad y depredación de semillas. S. multijuga tiene una reproducción sexual que depende de la polinización de abejas grandes (Bombus, Centris, Epicharis y Xylocopa) y se considera una especie auto-incompatible. Las semillas son depredadas por especies de Bruchidae de los géneros Acanthoscelides y Sennius. La fenodinámica vegetativa y reproductiva difirió entre sitios. Nuestros resultados indican que las interacciones ecológicas fueron menores en el área protegida, pero los procesos reproductivos de S. multijuga no se vieron interrumpidos ni degradados de manera crítica. Esto refuerza la idea de que las zonas de paisaje con niveles intermedios de protección, tales como las áreas de protección ambiental, son adecuadas como zonas de amortiguamiento, y por lo tanto, relevantes para la conservación de los procesos ecológicos cuando se asocian con áreas en las que se da una protección más estricta.
Euphausiids (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) from a hotspot of marine biodiversity, Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Azofeifa-Solano Juan Carlos , Corrales-Ugalde Marco , Castellanos-Osorio Iván , Morales-Ramírez Álbaro
Published: January 2022

Euphausiids have been well studied in several regions of the Pacific Ocean; however, there is lessinformation regarding euphausiids in Costa Rican waters. We analyzed euphausiid specimens collected aroundIsla del Coco National Park during 2011 and 2012. A total of 130 specimens were analyzed and 13 euphausiidspecies were identified, belonging to four genera and one family. An annotated list of species is presented,with photographs and details for their identification. All species found represent new records for waters aroundIsla del Coco in the Costa Rican Pacific. The most frequent species were Euphausia diomedeae, Euphausiadistinguenda, Nematoscelis gracilis and Stylocheiron affine. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (Suppl. 1): S221-S230. Epub2016 Febrary 01.
Evolutionary Trends in the Ventral Nerve Cord of the Stingless Bees ( Meliponini)
Authors: Wille Alvaro
Published: January 2022

There are, in relation to the number of ganglia, three main types of ven­tral nerve cords in the adult stingless bees: 1) Those which have two ganglia in the thorax and five in the abdomen, 2) those which have two ganglia in the thorax and four in the abdomen, and 3) those which have three ganglia in the thorax and four in the abdomen. Intermediate types between those listed exist.The most generalized ventral nerve card was found in the workers of Trigona fulviventris, where each ganglion lies only one segment ahead from its respective segment (Fig. 1, A). When this generalized type of nerve cord is taken as a starting point, there are two major recognizable evolutionary trends almong the stingless bees (Fig. 1). One trend is toward the fusion of ganglion 7 with the preceding abdominal ganglion. This occurs independently in the several subgenera of Trigona, with a series of intermediate steps (Fig. 3, A to H). Among some of the species of Melipona there is also a tendency of fusion of ganglion 7 with ganglion 6 (Fig. 4, A to D ) but none of the species of Mélipona dissected was found with those ganglia completely fused.The second trend noted is toward cephalization of the nerve cord ( Fig. 2). This occurs only in Melipona. Here the abdominal ganglia migrate from two to four segments ahead from their respective segments. As a result, gan­glion 3, which in primitive forms was located in the second abdominal segment (first metasomal segment), has moved well inside the thorax. The presence of ganglion 3 in the thorax is characteristic of all the species of Melipona. The highest type of cephalization is found only in a few species, such as MeliPona flavipennis in which ganglia 4 and 5 have moved into the second abdominal segment, and ganglia 6 and 7 into the third. Therefore, in this type, the card extends in the abdomen only as far as the third abdominal segment (second metasomal segment, Fig. 2, E ) . There are, of course, intermediate types.
Order and turbulence in a Swedish bathroom
Authors: Årman Henning
Published: January 2022

‘Where are all the queers at the school?! I want to hug you’. Thus begins a conversation scrawled on the door to a Swedish high school’s student bathroom that will spark a debate among students on whether the word ‘queer’ should be considered a slur. In dialogue with work on linguistic citizenship and graffiti as a semiotic mode, this article analyses different stages of the unfolding debate. The analytical lens of turbulence captures the interplay of ordering and disordering in the students’ efforts to define ‘queer’. Youths’ linguistic agency works as a struggle for meaning across different indexical orders, illustrating the difficulty of sustaining mastery of identity labels as they travel through discourse.
How does water talk, and other hopeful questions about and beyond gender and language
Authors: McElhinny Bonnie S.
Published: January 2022

The inaugural issue of Gender and Language focused on unanswered questions and unquestioned assumptions. This essay revisits these questions, thinking about next steps not only for the field, but also for the larger feminist, anti-racist, anticolonial world our work aims to build. In particular, I consider two questions with impacts for thinking about how to deepen the political impact of our own work, in the realms of social and environmental justice. First, how can we ensure the kind of work we are publishing in this journal has an impact beyond university conversations? Second, have we gone far enough, as a field, in reconsidering not just questions of gender and of language, but also of what we imagine as persons?
Untranslatable wounds
Authors: Viteri María Amelia
Published: January 2022

A good starting point for revisiting the intersections of language, gender and sexuality is to acknowledge and understand how colonial wounds and legacies play out in our everyday lives. This essay critically addresses the multiple ways in which we are all marked in one way or another by our colonial relations and their intersections. A careful unpacking of mechanisms and linkages is critical for identifying strategies and tactics of struggle that might lead to more equitable present-days characterised by esperanza (hope). Yet a desire to decolonise language and language practices without recognising the lived experience of our own messy and colonial entanglements will never be enough to resignify the systems that hold racial, ethnic, gender, sexual and linguistic inequalities in place. This essay highlights the acts of desbordar (undoing/overflowing), trasto-car (queering) and resentir (feeling again) as alternative strategies that can be used to fracture the architectures of colonialism, starting with our own.
Say my name
Authors: Lanehart Sonja L.
Published: January 2022

This essay is a call out and a roll call of Black women scholars – Black Feminists, Critical Race Theorists, Intersectionality Theorists and co-conspirators – doing the work of the elder women and ancestors whose shoulders we stand on. I frame the research on African American Women’s Language around Hull, Bell-Scott and Smith’s (1982) seminal book All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave to shout out not only how language and linguistics researchers got it twisted and need to reckon with truth and say my (language’s) name: African American Women’s Language. And put some respeck on it while you’re at it.
Intersections of class, race and place
Authors: Pichler Pia
Published: January 2022

This essay presents an analysis of place references in the spontaneous talk of young Londoners from a range of socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds. These place references function as ‘cultural concepts’ (Silverstein 2004) which index multilayered meanings well beyond their denotations, constituting important resources for speakers’ local and supralocal positionings. The essay argues that ‘place’ is an important filter for our experience of language, gender and sexuality and provides scholars with a valuable point of departure for explorations of intersectional identities.
Italian learners’ use of Chinese sentence-final particles
Authors: Conti Sergio
Published: January 2022

Due to their light-weight appearance and polysemy, the acquisition of Chinese sentence-final particles (SFPs) constitutes a criticality for learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL). However, the number of studies addressing SFP acquisition and teaching is still limited. This study investigates the use of SFPs in the interactions between 13 Italian CFL learners and 6 native speakers of Chinese participating in a face-to-face tandem-learning project over a three-month timespan. In particular, it focuses on learners’ production of SFPs marking questions (yes/no or truncated) and analyses the factors that foster or hinder SFP use. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the transcribed conversations showed that (i) the most frequently produced SFP was ma, whereas other interrogative SFPs were seldom or never used; (ii) the production of SFPs did not vary over time, instead it seemed to be tied to factors such as the presence of (semi-)fixed chunks or the type of task (focused or unfocused) in which the participants were engaged.
Working collaboratively in Second/Foreign Language Learning Edited by María del Pilar García Mayo (2021)
Authors: Ricciardelli Francesca
Published: January 2022

Working collaboratively in Second/Foreign Language Learning Edited by María del Pilar García Mayo (2021) Berlin: De Gruyter, 274pp.
Special Issue Introduction
Authors: Becci Irene , Grandjean Alexandre , Monnot Christophe , Okoekpen Salomé
Published: January 2022

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Reimagining Religious Imagination, in Theory and in Practice
Authors: Ivakhiv Adrian
Published: January 2022

Jack Miles, Religion as We Know It: An Origin Story (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2020). T.M. Luhrmann, How God Becomes Real: Kindling the Presence of Invisible Others (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2020). David Morgan, Images at Work: The Material Culture of Enchantment (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018). Jennifer Anna Gosetti-Ferencei, The Life of Imagination: Revealing and Making the World (New York: Columbia University Press, 2018). Jeffrey J. Kripal, The Flip: Epiphanies of Mind and the Future of Knowledge (New York: Bellevue Literary Press, 2019). Jeffrey J. Kripal, Secret Body: Erotic and Esoteric Currents in the History of Religions (University of Chicago Press, 2017). Mary-Jane Rubenstein, Pantheologies: Gods, Worlds, Monsters (New York: Columbia University Press, 2018).
Bernard T. Adeney-Risakotta, Living in a Sacred Cosmos: Indonesia and the Future of Islam
Authors: Mangunjaya Fachruddin M.
Published: January 2022

Bernard T. Adeney-Risakotta, Living in a Sacred Cosmos: Indonesia and the Future of Islam (Southeast Asia Studies, 66; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018), xvii + 406 pp., ISBN: 9780985042974 (cloth), $39.00, ISBN: 9780985042967, $28.00 (pbk).
Matthew Schneider-Mayerson and Brent Ryan Bellamy (eds.), An Ecotopian Lexicon
Authors: Jacobs Naomi
Published: January 2022

Matthew Schneider-Mayerson and Brent Ryan Bellamy (eds.), An Ecotopian Lexicon (Foreword by Kim Stanley Robinson; Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2019), xvi + 327 pp., $24.95 (pbk), ISBN: 9781517905903.
“Are You Ready?” Revisiting Needs Analysis for ESP Online Conversation Course
Authors: Rahmawati Noni Mia
Published: January 2022

It is common to be found in an ESP class where the students are not fully engaged in the learning activities due to their lack of interests toward English. To attract the ESP students’ interests, authentic materials and meaningful activities need to be provided. Online learning can bring authentic materials to ESP students and give them meaningful activities as they can interact with native speakers of English through many online platforms. To fit the students’ online learning situations to their learning experiences, as well as the materials and activities to be given, a needs analysis should be carried out. The study focuses on discovering the ESP students’ preparedness in performing an online English conversation course by conducting a needs analysis. Questionnaires were given to 82 students and an interview was performed with 17 students to gain the data. The data collected in the form of percentages were analyzed by describing them qualitatively. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the ESP students were prepared to join the online English conversation course.
For a Discussion About Epigraphic Evidence of the Activities of Byzantium in the Mountainous Crimea in the 6th Century
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Aibabin Aleksandr
Published: January 2022

Introduction. In the basilicas discovered on the Mangup plateau (fig. 3), in the Karalez valley (fig. 1) that begins at its foot and on Eski-Kermen (fig. 2, 1), inscriptions were found, the interpretation and dating of which caused many years of discussion. Some scientists considered them as evidence of the activities of the Eastern Roman Empire in the region in the 6th century, while other specialists doubted both such an interpretation of the inscriptions and their dating. Methods. To substantiate the chronology of the mentioned inscriptions, it is important to consider the formulas and linguistic features contained in them, as well as the stratigraphy recorded during the excavation of temples and the revealed dated closed ceramics complexes. Analysis. The text of the inscription with the name of Justinian I is correlated with the information of Procopius about the construction of the “Long Walls” in the Dory region at the behest of the emperor. Most likely, the inscription reported the construction of one of the “Long Walls” in the Karalez valley at the foot of Doros. It is possible that the stone (fig. 1) with the typical Byzantine graffiti with the formulas ΦΩС ΖΩΗ and κ(ύρι)ε βοήθ(ει...) was inserted into a wall of an apse of the basilica right after its construction in the Karalez valley in the second half of the 6th century. On a stone over the graffiti ΦΩС ΖΩΗ letters of the second graffiti “Ἰς νικᾷ” are cut out which means Ἰ(ησοῦ)ς (Χριστὸς) νικᾷ – “Jesus Christ wins”. In Byzantium the images of a cross with the formula IC XC NI ΚΑ (Ἰ(ησοῦ)C Χ(ριστὸ)C Ν(ικ)Α) appeared at the iconoclast emperor Leo III (717–741) and were distributed in later time. Results. Undisputed evidence of Byzantium’s activity in the region in the 6th century is only the fragment of a plate with a building inscription that means the emperor Justinian I found in a late slab grave at the basilica on Mangup. According to the stratigraphy, revealed in 1938 during the excavations of the Baptistry on Mangup, the graffiti (fig. 3) that caused a long discussion was carved on the back of the cornice in the second construction period not earlier than in the 9th century.
Synodia. A Rare Type of Religious Community in Inscriptions from the Early Byzantine Pilgrimage Basilica of the Machkhomeri Fortress in Lazica
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Vinogradov Andrey
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The process of Christianization of the Lazica, poorly presented in written sources, received an important source in the recently found inscriptions from the Machkhomeri fortress near Khobi. Analysis. The inscriptions were discovered during the excavations of a three-nave basilica, built in the 6th c. by a certain Gorgonios in honour of Holy Forty Martyrs of Sebaste. The next benefactor of the church was a certain Theonas, his wife and family. In the northern part of the basilica, there were also found fragments of two inscriptions, which contain the list of benefactors with their synodiai. The dedicants of the inscriptions were among others the carpenters/ builders of the church and their colleagues, who probably also formed a synodia. Results. Thus, we see in the 6th-c. Lazica a rare kind of religious community around a mighty person or institution – a synodia consisting mainly of lay people. The competition for the right to own objects inside the Machkhomeri Basilica shows that this church was the centre of attraction and pilgrimage in the region, perhaps thanks to the relics of the Martyrs of Sebaste.
The Sarcophagus of a Nicaean Emperor in Izmir
Authors:   Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Laflı Ergün , Buora Maurizio ,   Società Friulana di Archeologia odv
Published: January 2022

In this brief paper a marble slab fragment from Izmir in Western Turkey is presented. Originally its description was published by Ch. Texier in 1844 and later deemed missing. We believe that it is an imperial sarcophagus and that it may belong to the emperor of Nicaea, Theodore II Lascaris.