bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity and Repellent Effect of Three Plant Based Essential Oils against the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
Authors: Haque Sakura , Faruki Saiful Islam
Published: September 2024

In this study jasmine (Jasminum officinale), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), and sandalwood (Santalum album) essential oils were investigated for their efficacy against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Sandalwood oil consistently showed the highest contact toxicity, with LD50 values decreasing over time. Jasmine and lemon grass oils ranked lower but still exhibited toxicity. The order of contact toxicity was sandalwood > jasmine > lemon grass at each exposure period. Fumigation treatments revealed sandalwood’s initial superiority, though jasmine surpassed it at 48 hr. The order of fumigation toxicity shifted to jasmine > sandalwood > lemon grass at this extended exposure time. Repellency tests showed dose and time-dependent responses for both larval and adult stages, with occasional fluctuations. Sandalwood’s significance differed for adult beetles between time intervals, and jasmine exhibited insignificance in its efficacy for larvae at certain intervals. This study provides insights into the potential of these essential oils as alternatives for pest control.
Extract of Bitter Melon Citrullus colocynthis Leaves as a Promising Insecticide against the Grain Wheat Aphid Schizaphis graminum
Authors: Hadi Merzah Hamzah , Mubasher Meeri K , Ali Abdulla N
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the biological effect of bitter melon Citrullus colocynthis leaf extracts on the mortality using hot water and organic solvent extracts (ethyl alcohol, hexane) effects on the nymph, winged, and nonwinged adults of the wheat grain aphid Schizaphis graminum were evaluated. Results indicated that the ethyl alcohol extract is more effective than the hexane and hot water extracts on mortality rates. The highest mortality rate of the nymphs was caused by the ethyl alcohol extracts (75.63, 59.20, and 53.49%) at a concentration of 0.7 g/ ℓ, respectively.
Molecular Analysis of Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer)
Authors: Ozodbek Sobirov T , Kholidakhon Kakhkhorova R , Kozimjon Zakirov X , Ilyosbek Isakov B , Dilshod Kakhorov R , Amirov Oybek
Published: September 2024

This study is on the molecular evolutionary genetic analysis of Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer), which is a serious pest of pista. This study explored its ribosomal DNA from area 5.8S, and it now listed with the National Biotechnology Information Center (NCBI, GenBank- entry number OR074914.1). The codons involved in the coding of amino acid codons are distinguished. Tajima’s relative velocity test was used. A dendrogram of A. pistaciae has been developed using the maximum likelihood method.
Effects of Bacteria Isolated from Salibat Bogs on the Biology of Lesser Grain Borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F)
Authors: Al-Nuaimy Ahmed Ayad , Jassim Sofia Jabbar , Al-Fatlaw Meeri Kadhim , Makki Alyaa Adnan
Published: September 2024

In the 2022-2023 season, this study done at the Desert and Sawa Lake Research Center Laboratory of Al-Muthanna University explored the effects of bacterial isolates Raoultella planticola and Providencia rettgeri on insects. Different concentrations and periods of exposure were evaluated against life stages of Rhyzopertha dominica (F). The results showed that after treatment with P. rettgeri, the mortality rate in second-instar larvae of male and female significantly increased (13.14- 40.26%). The period of exposure of 96 hr was significantly superior (18.44- 47.18%); the triple interference treatment (P. rettgeri + 96 hr + 106) was significantly superior than others in giving mortality of all life stages to an extent of 23.33 - 84.96%.
Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates to the Cucurbit Fruit Fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae
Authors: Sharmitha T , Balasubramani V , Elaiyabharathi T , Raveendran M , Pugalendhi L , Rajadurai G
Published: September 2024

The management of melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquilett) having wide host range is most challenging. Bacillus thuringiensis remains a potential pest management candidate of biological origin. In the present study, nine indigenous Bt isolates were characterised and evaluated against neonate (~12 hrs old) maggots. The isolates showed a diversified nature of colony and crystal morphology. Concentration-response toxicity assay revealed that three isolates viz., T166, T60 and T184 were highly toxic with LC50 values of 0.38, 0.41 and 0.40 µg/ µl, respectively on par with the reference strain Bti 4Q2 with 0.37 µg/ µl. LC95 of Bt cultures ranged from 1.15 to 2.09 µg/ µl. Gene profiling revealed the occurrence of cry4Aa in T166 and T184, cry4Ba in T60, cry11Aa in T166 and cyt1 in T166 with protein profiling showing proteins of ~134, ~128, ~72 and ~27kDa, respectively.
METODA DE DETERMINARE A SUPRAFEȚEI DE FRUNZE LA SPECIA CIREȘ (PRUNUS AVIUM L.)
Authors: BALAN Valerian , RUSSU Stanislav , BUZA Cornel , DODICA Dmitri , TALPALARU Dumitru
Published: September 2024

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the existing methods for determining the leaf area of fruit trees and proposes a calculation model using simple and non-destructive techniques. The research was carried out on the Regina sweet cherry variety, grafted on Maxma 14, planted at the distance of 5x3 m. To determine the surface of leaf apparatus, a calculation model was used based on the average surface of a leaf and the average number of leaves per 1 linear meter in the volume of the crown. The average area of a leaf was calculated by the gravimetric method. To determine the average number of leaves per 1 linear meter, measurements were made with a 1m ruler in the volume of the crown. The ruler was placed twenty times at different angles from the vertical and each time the leaves were counted along the length of the ruler. The actual volume of the crown was determined by the height of the crown, the width in the central part of the crown, as well as the distance between tree rows. Based on the obtained data the following was calculated: 1) leaf area, 2) ratio between leaf area and crown projection area, 3) ratio between the total surface area of leaves and orchard area.
Lucrarea prezintă o analiză comparativă a metodelor existente de determinare a suprafeței frunzelor la plantele pomicole și propune un model de calcul folosind tehnici simple și nedistructive. Cercetările s-au efectuat la soiul de cireș Regina, altoit pe Maxma 14, plantat la distanța de 5x3 m. Pentru determinarea suprafeței aparatului foliar s-a utilizat un model de calcul bazat pe suprafața medie a unei frunze și pe numărul mediu de frunze pe 1 metru liniar în volumul coroanei. Aria medie a unei frunze a fost calculată prin metoda gravimetrică. Pentru determinarea numărului mediu de frunze pe 1 metru liniar s-au efectuat măsurări cu rigla de 1 m în volumul coroanei. Rigla a fost plasată de douăzeci ori în unghiuri diferite față de verticală și de fiecare dată s-au numărat frunzele pe lungimea riglei. Volumul real al coroanei s-a determinat în funcție de înălțimea coroanei, de lățimea în partea centrală a coroanei, precum și de distanța dintre rândurile de pomi. În baza datelor obținute s-a calculat: 1) suprafața foliară, 2) suprafața foliară raportată la suprafața proiecției coroanei, 3) raportul dintre suprafața totală a frunzelor și suprafața livezii.
Effectiveness of Mixed Gycyrrhiza Glabra and Punica Granatum Plant Extract and Honey against Helicobacter Pylori Bacteria
Authors: Hammadi Amer A. , Hashim Zayni Mohammed Mustafa
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The current study intends to determine the effectiveness of honey and the plants alcoholic extracted Gycyrrhiza glabra, Punica granatum, and honey alone or in combination to determine the antibacterial action of these plants against Helicobacter pylori. Methods: For made the cured extraction of plants G. glabra and P. granatum, ethanol is the solvent used. The most effective concentration of solvent optimization was found by extracting and diluting honey, testing its efficiency against the H. pylori bacteria, and determining the “minimum inhibitory concentration” (MIC) of the additional effective extract. Results: The extraction in vitro demonstrated effect against H. pylori in contrast to the antibiotic. Results observed in pathogenic bacteria by inhibition zone diameter the mixed plant extract of G. glabra and P. granatum with honey in concentrations (50, 25, 12.5, mg/mL) (26.20, 14.86, 8.13 mm) in arrangement, and all of this means that there is a significant variation in the P-value and little effectiveness when treated with plant extract of G. glabra and P. granatum (50, 25, mg/mL) (12.10, 5.46 mm) and with effectiveness in the mixed plant extract of G. glabra and L. usitatissimium in (50 mg/mL) (7.33 mm) without any significant variation in P-value and no effectiveness in the plant extract of G. glabra alone. Conclusion: Current studies will aid in the isolation of novel goods and medications. The findings of this study have demonstrated the presence of antibacterial and antioxidant components in three plant extracts and honey.
Assessment of Political Participation and Representation of Youths' in the Politics of Ondo State Nigeria (2003-2018)
Authors: Ayodele Mustapha Haruna , Bayo Enikanoselu , Toyyib Musa
Published: September 2024

The research work examined Youths' participation and representation in politics and decision-making process of Ondo State from 2003-2018. Available and existing literatures showed that Youths represent about half of Nigeria's population, just as in Ondo State. The research investigates the inversely relations of Youths' population compared to leadership positions occupied in Ondo State especially at the legislature and Executive levels in the years under study. The study adopts theory of political participation as its theoretical framework to midwife the work. In addition, research methodology comprises the use of both primary and secondary data as the primary data derived from the use of interview and survey research with emphases on the administration and analysis of well-structured questionnaire. Also, with the use of statistics such as percentage representation, frequency table and pictorial representation. The research also examined the roles of environmental factors, youths exhorbitant behaviours, societal structures and material facts that affect youths political participation and representation in Ondo State and the nation at large. From public policy perspectives, the findings of the research study provided veritable tools/insights for researchers, public policy analysist, Electoral agencies/reformers, political parties, politicians and Nigeria in the quest for Youths involvement in politics and leadership positions. Equally, the outcome of the research study enhanced future research work and discourse on democracy, Youths participation and representation in Ondo State particular and Nigeria in general.
A Study on Cultural Contents in English Textbooks in Junior High Schools from the Perspective of Intercultural Communication: A Case Study of PEP Edition
Authors: Zhao Haojiang
Published: September 2024

As the cultural exchanges around the world become more closer, the cultivation of cultural awareness has become a need for social development. The English Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Education (2011 edition) explicitly incorporates cultural awareness into the English curriculum objectives, and good cultural awareness helps language learners to understand correctly and use the target language appropriately for intercultural communication. This paper therefore examines the effectiveness of the PEP English textbook in developing students' intercultural awareness and communicative competence through textbook evaluation, literature analysis and content analysis, in order to find out whether the cultural content in the textbook helps students develop cultural awareness, with a view to further improving the layout and design of the cultural content in the textbook, as well as providing suggestions for teachers to make better use of the cultural content in the textbook. The study also provides suggestions for teachers to make better use of the cultural content in textbooks, so that they can teach culture more effectively, thereby achieving the goal of cultural awareness development and effectively raising students' cultural awareness. The results of this study show that the cultural content set in the HRE textbooks is basically in line with the requirements and objectives of cultural awareness development in the Curriculum, but there are some areas for improvement. This study only focuses specifically on the textbooks at the junior secondary education level, selecting the content of the reading section, and does not cover all parts of the textbooks. In future studies, the research objects in the textbooks can be extended to other areas to make the research results more comprehensive and complete.
PENINGKATAN KEWASPADAAN DAN PEMAHAMAN GURU TERHADAP ETIKA PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH (STUDI KASUS: SD NEGERI 4 KEDOYO KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG)
Authors: M. Mirza Abdillah Pratama  , Christian Hadhinata  , Kartika Indah Wahyuni  , Ummi Afifatul Mufida  , Syafa Aqilla Fadya  , Julieta Eka Yudho Putri  , Siti Nur Rahmah Anwar  , Sri Umniati  , Prijono Bagus Susanto  , Lusty Mustikasari
Published: September 2024

Writing scientific papers is one of the most significant things a teacher can do, especially if they want to advance to functional positions. However, producing scientific papers is a barrier for many teachers, leading to teachers engaging in dishonest behavior while writing scientific papers. The goal of this service is to organize socialization, training, and mentorship for SD Negeri 4 Kedoyo instructors on the importance of ethical issues and codes of ethics in scientific paper writing. This service's implementation is divided into three stages: pre-implementation, implementation, and post-implementation. As a result of this activity, socialization, training, and support in scientific writing with three primary resources, namely plagiarism, paraphrasing approaches, and reference managers, have been implemented. The post-test questionnaire score increased by 42.67% for the plagiarism indicator, 43.18% for the paraphrasing technique indicator, and 47.74% for the reference manager indicator, indicating an increase in SD Negeri 4 Kedoyo teachers' knowledge and understanding of literacy violations, ethics, and the code of ethics in writing scientific papers.
Pengelolaan Manajemen Operasional SDM Dalam Usaha Pembuatan Kerupuk Kamang
Authors: Dona Amelia  , Andria Ningsih  , Delfi Hurnis  , Muhammad Nazif  , Eka Hendrayani
Published: September 2024

PKM ini dilakukan di KWT UP3HP Indah Sari di Jorong Ladang Darek, Nagari Kamang Hilia, Kec. Magek, Kab. Agam. Saat ini KWT UP3HP Indah Sari menghadapi berbagai hambatan terkait pembagian tugas dan pola produksi produk, banyak pesanan yang datang namun tidak bisa terpenuhi semuanya karena belum tepatnya pengelolaan manajemen operasional yang diterapkan. Manajemen sumber daya manusia merupakan suatu proses menangani berbagai masalah pada ruang lingkup karyawan, pegawai, buruh, manajer dan tenaga kerja lainnya untuk dapat menunjang aktivitas organisasi atau perusahaan demi mencapai tujuan yang telah ditentukan. Untuk mengatasi sejumlah permasalahan yang dihadapi kelompok ini dibutuhkan solusi dengan strategi manaajemen SDM secara optimal. Metode yang digunakan dalam memberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pretest, ceramah, media penyuluhan, dan postest. Berdasarkan hasil  dan  pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pengabdian ini memberikan hasil yang positif. Karena kegiatan ini dapat membantu KWT UP3HP Indah Sari memahami tentang perlunya manajemen SDM dan produksi dalam pembuatan produk kerupuk kamang agar mempunyai mutu dan kualitas bersaing. Sehingga bisa memenuhi target pesanan yang ditetapkan.
Pengaruh Diskon Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen UMKM Abyan Kosmetik Dan Aksesoris Di Kota Padang
Authors: Vivi Nila Sari  , Shelbila Adita  , Nila Sovianti  , Sirotil Hasanah  , Muhammad  Ridho Alifa
Published: September 2024

This community service aims to determine the effect of discounts on consumer satisfaction in MSMEs abyan cosmetics and accessories. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are business activities that can expand employment, provide broad economic services to the community, play a role in the process of equitable distribution and increase community income, and increase economic growth, This important role has encouraged Padang City to continue to strive to improve the competitiveness of MSMEs in facing the community. The purpose of this study was to determine discount education on consumer satisfaction at MSMEs Abyan Cosmetics and Accessories. The compilation of this article was carried out by observation and interviews to collect data. The results of this study show that Abyan MSMEs can increase competitiveness.
Pengembangan Digitalisasi UMKM Sebagai Media Promosi Dan Pemasaran Produk Di Desa Banjaragung, Kecamatan Bareng, Kabupaten Jombang
Authors: Erin Dwi Cahyani  , Jojok Dwiridotjahjono
Published: September 2024

In the current era, digital is very important and needed by every human being in their daily life, both for doing business and shopping. In the world of entrepreneurship, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) need digitization through social media so that the products that have been made can be recognized and marketed with a wider reach to consumers. However, the lack of knowledge regarding the use of social media is an obstacle for UMKM in Banjaragung Village so that marketing is carried out only offline and word of mouth. By conducting socialization and assistance regarding the functions and various features that can be used in social media to Banjaragung Village MSMEs, it is hoped that this can be implemented so that product marketing can be easier and optimal. The method used is qualitative with the type of data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation of activities. The results obtained from these activities are that UMKM in Banjaragung Village can utilize social media in marketing their products. So, having a social media account can be used as promotional media as well as product marketing by posting product photos and various other promos that can attract consumer interest.
Descending Motor Pathways
Authors: Abougalala Fawzy Mahmoud Ali
Published: September 2024

The brain is the origin of the descending motor pathways or tracts. These are responsible for the origination or modification of motor activity. This action is performed by motor signals, which transmitted from the brain and target lower motor neurons.
Motor control is a chief task of the central nervous system (CNS). It can be recognized as the initiation of signals to coordinate muscle contraction of the body and head, aiming to keep a posture or to make a movement (transition between two postures). A large amount of the CNS is included in the process of motor control. 
The term "motor neuron, also known as motoneurons" may refer to single or one type of neurons responsible for the movement. However, this is not the truth. Actually, the “motor neuron” describe two categories of neurons, the “upper and lower motor neurons”. They are significantly different in their origins, synapses, pathways, neurotransmitters and developed lesions due to their affection. Motor neurons are essential constituents of two different circuits “the upper and lower motor circuits”. These circuits control both voluntary and involuntary movements. This was achieved by the connection of higher centers with muscles and glands
Descending tracts of the motor system are originating mainly from two parts, the cortex and the brainstem. Tracts originating from the cortex control the voluntary movements and adjust posture relating to voluntary movement. Furthermore, the descending pathways are subdivided into (pathways) describing their start and termination. These are (1) corticospinal and corticobulbar, (2) cortico-reticulo-spinal, (3) cortico-rubro-spinal (4) cortico-tecto-spinal, (5) vestibulo-spinal and (6) raphe–spinal and ceruleus–spinal tracts (aminergic pathways)
Pyramidal tracts, originating in the cortex and carry motor fibres to the spinal cord and brain stem. It is subdivided into corticospinal and Corticobulbar tracts. The extrapyramidal tracts originate in the brainstem. Then carry motor projections to the spinal cord. These tracts are primarily concerned with the control of the involuntary and automatic innervations for all musculature (e.g., muscle tone, balance, posture and locomotion).
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) and Migraine: Is there a relation?
Authors: Shams Ahmed I. , Elzarea Gehan A. , Abbas Ahmed I. , E. Ali Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Background: Migraine is characterized by episodes of moderate-to-severe headache, most often unilateral and generally associated with nausea and increased sensitivity to light and sound. BPPV is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo, accounting for over half of all cases. According to various estimates, a minimum of 20% of patients presenting to the clinic with vertigo have BPPV. This study aimed to elaborate the relation between Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) and Migraine and the prevalence of Migraine in BPPV versus normal subjects.  
Patients and Methods: This case-control study was performed at Audio-vestibular unit, ENT Department at Al-Hussein University Hospital, A total of 80 subjects composed of: A- Study group: Forty patients with BPPV, B- Control group: Forty healthy individuals with normal hearing without any balance disorders, vertigo or Migraine. The clinical assessment was performed according to standard techniques (history taking, general clinical, ontological and audiological examinations). The primary outcome was the incidence of migraine in BPPV, while secondary outcome included the associated factors of migraine and BPPV
Results: Migraine was reported among 11 cases in the study group (27.5%) (8 of them have migraine without aura and 3 with aura), compared to none in the control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference between the two studied groups regarding age and gender. There is significant association between BPPV and Migraine. Meanwhile, the most common reported type was posterior BPPV (80%) and lateral type was 20%. Female gender was found to be significantly associated with migraine.
Conclusion: The BPPV was associated with increased risk of migraine and both conditions are more presented in females.
Social Cryptocurrency
Authors:   Islamic Development Bank Institute, Al-Suwailem Sami
Published: September 2024

Money is at the heart of any financial system. It is the “joints” that link markets across space and time. As long as money performs its functions, markets tend to allocate resources efficiently and allow participants to be more productive and therefore more prosperous. As money is a prerequisite for the normal functioning of markets, it cannot itself be part of the market. Money, thus, cannot as such be a source of income or profit. This is one reason why all divine faiths prohibit usury. Cryptocurrencies were invented supposedly to avoid the ills associated with the fractional reserve system. Unfortunately, they end up with the same problem: both systems are transforming the process of money creation into a commercial process motivated by destructive competition.
On Setting the Direction of Future Research in Islamic Economics and Finance
Authors:   Islamic Development Bank Institute, Ali Salman
Published: September 2024

Ideas generate knowledge, research develops and shapes it. But what we choose to explore is often subjective. Hence it is important what questions we ask and how we formulate them. I want to present six points for what matters in setting the direction of research in Islamic economics and finance. The purpose here is not to create a list of specific topics but to point out the future direction of research, the broader areas, and the future needs of the discipline to carry out a successful and useful research program.
Computer Self-Efficacy and Effectiveness of Quipper Learning Management System
Authors: Caballo John Harry S. , Regidor Jobert C. , Alayacyac Jude Rafael S. , Abellanosa Jelly E. , Monajan Giebe Joshua G.
Published: September 2024

Blockchain is an advanced mechanism that allows transparent information for a business network. Normally databases in this technology are stored in blocks that are linked together in a chain. It is used as a facilitator for the process of recording transactions and tracking assets of a business network. It will help share data for a collective group. With blockchain, cloud service and transactional data from multiple sources can be easily collected, integrated, and shared. This technology concerning India presently is used by government banking institutions as well as the government storing and sharing data for a wider group. Blockchain is popular in finance, especially money and time. Recently India has made efforts to become a society with digitalized setup by building a large citizen-scale digital public infrastructure, which is a positive push for the government. The basic motive for introducing a high ended technology like blockchain is for maintaining transparency, and to increase the speed of interactions with individuals. This paper has made attempted to study the mechanism adopted by the Indian government under a blockchain and how well it has been utilized. It has also attempted to give a clear picture, of what all developments have made with blockchain and what sectors are much concentrated with blockchain
Analyzing the Impacts of Plastic Wastes in Water Bodies and Suitable Methodology to Prevent It
Authors: Yasin Razia , Tehseen Palwasha , Shakir Tayyba , Mumtaz Ayesha , Subtain Muhammad , Abbas Aqsa , Naeem Mashal , Zaman Mariam , Manzoor Mehwish
Published: September 2024

Plastics are widely distributed across organisms of various trophic levels and in terrestrial, freshwater, marine, and other environments. Recently, plastics have emerged as significant environmental pollutants, attracting public concern. This systematic literature review identifies sources of plastic waste, including food packaging, household hazardous waste, and wood waste, highlighting their detrimental impacts on water bodies, environmental health, and animal life. Analytical techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) are essential for detecting and quantifying plastic pollutants. Prevention strategies, including source reduction, public awareness campaigns, legislative measures, and the implementation of pollution control techniques, are crucial in mitigating plastic waste in water bodies. Future research should focus on developing innovative materials and sustainable alternatives to plastics, enhancing waste management infrastructure, and fostering global collaboration to address the plastic pollution crisis effectively.
Harmful Health Impacts of Heavy Metals and Behavioral Changes in Humans
Authors: Baig Ayesha , Sial Shehzad Ahmad , Qasim Muhammad , Ghaffar Aisha , Ullah Qudrat , Haider Sameea , Fatima Shamaim , Shawal Laila , Ather Nimra
Published: September 2024

Heavy metal pollution not only affects the environment but also the behavior of people who are greatly dependent on their surrounding environment for their survival. There are both natural and anthropogenic sources of heavy metals but their pollution by manmade activities are quite faster than natural sources. A person gets exposed to heavy metals by four major exposure pathways i.e. inhalation, ingestion, dermal exposure and injection. After exposure to heavy metals, internal normal body functions of an individual gets disturbed. This in turn alters the human behavior from normal to an abnormal state. Various behavioral changes are associated with heavy metals exposure such as depression, anxiety, irregular heartbeats, stress, decrease in strength and power, lack of confidence, restlessness, lack of tolerance and aggressions among the individuals and the society as a whole. This review entails the information regarding sources of heavy metals, exposure pathways and health effects of heavy metals resulting in behavioral changes in humans.
Harnessing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) for Sustainable Management of Rice Blast Disease Caused by Magnaporthe Oryzae: Strategies and Remediation Techniques in Indonesia
Authors: Ullah Qudrat , Munir Taimoor , Mumtaz Tayyiba , Chawla Mahnoor , Amir Muhammad , Ismail Muhammad , Qasim Muhammad , Ghaffar Aisha , Haidri Irfan
Published: September 2024

Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are beneficial microorganisms that play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture by enhancing soil fertility, improving nutrient uptake, and promoting plant growth and resilience. In Indonesia, rice (Oryza sativa) stands as a vital staple crop, essential for food security and economic stability. However, rice production faces significant challenges, prominently including rice blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. A systematic literature review is conducted, showing that this disease severely impacts yield and quality, threatening food security in the region. The aim of this review is to explore the potential of PGPRs in managing rice blast disease and enhancing rice production in Indonesia. The scope includes examining the mechanisms of action of PGPRs, presenting case studies on their application, discussing challenges and opportunities for wider adoption, and proposing future research directions to optimize their effectiveness in sustainable rice cultivation.
Структурные механизмы защиты паразитических личинок от иммунных факторов хозяина в системе Triaenophorus nodulosus (Cestoda)–окунь
Authors: Колесников И. А. , Бисерова Н.М.
Published: September 2024

Изучен структурный аспект отношений «паразит-хозяин» в системе Triaenophorus nodulosus–окунь речной; выявлен ряд структурных механизмов, вовлеченных в защитную реакцию паразита против иммунного ответа хозяина. Плероцеркоиды локализуются в печени промежуточного хозяина-рыбы. В ответ на инвазию формируется паразитарная гранулема из тканей хозяина, образующих замкнутую капсулу вокруг паразита. Показано, что стенка капсулы многослойна и состоит из нескольких типов клеток. Внешний слой (фиброзный) представлен фибробластами и соединительнотканными волокнами. Внутренний слой формируется несколькими рядами уплощенных эпителиоидных клеток, плотно прилегающих друг к другу и соединенных между собой десмосомами. На внутренней поверхности стенки капсулы обнаружены индивидуальные макрофаги, проявляющие фагоцитарную активность. Структурное разнообразие клеточных элементов стенки гранулемы зависит от времени, прошедшего с момента заражения, и физиологического состояния хозяина. Впервые описан фагоцитоз апикальных частей микротрихий и тумулусов макрофагами гранулемы. Также в полости капсулы впервые обнаружены кристаллоподобные структуры неизвестной природы. Плероцеркоид находится в полости капсулы свободно, имеет сформированные крючья, которые, в отличие от кишечной стадии, покрыты цитоплазмой тегумента. Тегумент выделяет на поверхность мощный слой филаментозного матрикса, внеклеточные везикулы и вакуолизированные микротрихии. Терминали специализированных клеток выделяют секреторные продукты трех типов: секрет фронтальных желез; секрет тумулусов; нейросекрет чашевидных окончаний. Выявлены универсальные структурные адаптации, свойственные всем стадиям развития паразита, и специализированные, свойственные тканевым плероцеркоидам. К специализированным структурам, возникающим в ответ на воздействие хозяина, относятся вакуолизированные микротрихии.
Main Directions of Modern Transformation and Modernization of Russian Society, Ways to Overcome the Systemic Crisis in the Context of Technological Revolution: Alternative Strategic Development Models
Authors: Shmakov Vladimir I.
Published: September 2024

At the present stage of Russia’s development in the prevailing historical conditions, a period of deep conceptual transformations has begun, measures are being taken to free it from its continued dependence on crisis global processes, from the globalism policy of developed imperialist countries. Today, after three periods of permanent systemic crisis, through which Russia went from the early 80s to the early 2000s, the country is emerging from this dependence, returning to its mental ideological and cultural foundations, to state-political, economic, scientific, technical and technological sovereignty, to the status of a world power, renewed civilization, towards the consolidation of society. This period is characterized as a period of transformation and new modernization of society. The article, based on new approaches and methods of a comprehensive historical, sociological and formational-civilizational analysis of the problems of society’s development, examines the issues of the new modernization of society that has begun, analyzes and evaluates the persistent manifestations of the systemic crisis, issues of implementing an innovative anti-crisis management strategy, strategic planning and strategic management. Possible forecasts and alternatives for social development are considered. These processes require a clear, meaningful choice and implementation of a long-term strategy for the dynamic, innovative development of knowledge-intensive sectors of the economy, labor productivity growth, production recovery based on new reindustrialization and the industrial revolution, the development and implementation of achievements of the fifth technological order, scientific, technical, technological, information revolution, the formation of new scientific, human resources, including in the areas of governance of society and the state, ensuring comprehensive security and sovereignty of society and the state, regulatory support for these processes. This implies the choice of a new socio-economic, formational and civilizational model for further progressive development, taking into account positive domestic and foreign experience, and the corresponding ideological basis for these transformations. All this is becoming an urgent issue for the entire spectrum of social and social sciences, for educational practices.
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL SITUATION OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2019-2023
Authors: Drożdż Jadwiga
Published: September 2024

The aim of the article is to assess the economic and financial situation of the food industry and its main industries in Poland in 2023 compared to 2019. The analysis used the method of synthetic assessment of the financial result developed by Bednarski. A comparative assessment of the dynamics of quantitative and qualitative indicators determining changes in the value of individual production factors and the efficiency of their use was carried out, both for the entire food industry and its main industries. The research was further enhanced by a cause-and-effect analysis of the financial result, which determined the level of influence of individual production factors on the growth of revenues and profit. The study used published and unpublished data from the Central Statistical Office. The synthetic assessment of the financial result of the food industry shows that despite the fact that entities in the audited period faced many challenges, m.in. related to price pressure, their economic and financial situation in 2023 was better than in 2019. In-depth research has shown that the development of the sector took place mainly through the increase in the technical equipment of labor and the improvement of the economic efficiency of the human factor involved in economic activity. Such a situation occurred in most industries (in 13 out of 18 respondents), and only in a few did not improve the net financial result. In the coming years, companies will have to face challenges related to, m.in others, high costs of raw materials and labor, but also the energy transition, which is why achieving sufficiently high processing margins is a priority for enterprises.
RAISING PIGS WITHOUT ANTIBIOTICS PATH TO SUSTAINABLE SWINE PRODUCTION
Authors: Styburski Wojciech , Kozera-Kowalska Magdalena , Uglis Jarosław
Published: September 2024

The aim of the article is to introduce the issue of pig raising systems without antibiotics on farms aiming to produce high-quality pork sought by consumers. The article presents a pig raising system without antibiotics as one of the ways to achieve sustainability of this production direction on the example of farms in Wielkopolska, taking into account production and economic aspects. The research is exploratory and contributes to further in-depth economic analyses. The analysis of the literature on the subject revealed an existing research gap in this area including, among others: in the field of agricultural economics. The source of factual knowledge was data obtained from the AgroIntegracia Wieprzowina consortium. The research proved that running a pig raising system without antibiotics, although it requires the introduction of specific technological and sanitary regimes, is satisfactory for farms in terms of both production and economic performance, although it requires them to take a holistic approach to production, i.e. oriented towards both animal genetics, animal productivity and overall welfare. The implementation of systems for raising pigs without antibiotics can contribute not only to improving the safety of the pork supply chain, but also to shortening it.
The effectiveness of active rehabilitation camp on wheelchair users’ self-esteem
Authors: Śrubarz-Stach Agata , Rutkowska Magdalena , Dąbrowska-Galas Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Background: The Active Rehabilitation Camps (ARC) provide access to comprehensive rehabilitation. The main goal is to provide wheelchair users achieving the maximum possible independence in performing activities of daily living, to help them accept a new lifestyle, as well as comprehensive rehabilitation in the social and vocational fields. Higher self-esteem in wheelchair users help them overcome barriers in everyday living, increase initiative, improve their mental health and well-being.Aims of the study: The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of Active Rehabilitation Camps on self-esteem of wheelchair users.Material and methods: 95 adult wheelchair users aged 18 to 75 took part in the study. 92 participants were included in the analysis (31 women and 61 men). The research tool was a questionnaire including first part with personal data and a second part - an international and validated questionnaire the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). All participants filled the questionnaire at the beginning of the ARC and after two-week camp.Results: The results showed a significant improvement in self-esteem among participant after camps, total self-esteem according to RSES increased from 28.32 4.99 before a camp, to 30.8 4.85 after a camp (p<0.0001). Our results showed that apart from general self-esteem, SE in such domains as “on the whole, I am satisfied with myself”, “I am able to do things as well as most other people” or “I take a positive attitude towards myself” increased significantly after the ARC (p<0.001).Conclusions: The activities of the Active Rehabilitation Camp including access to physical activity, health-promoting education, experience exchange and integration of wheelchair users, increase the level of self-esteem of Active Rehabilitation Camp participants. Systematic physical activities, social and emotional support, as well as appropriate education should be provided in everyday rehabilitation among wheelchair users to improve their self-esteem and everyday life functioning.
Evaluación de riesgos mecánicos en las actividades de torneado y fresado de piezas metálicas
Authors: Valencia-Alay Milton Josué , Litardo-Velásquez Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2024

El sector metalmecánico ocupa una parte importante en las actividades que generan fuentes de empleo en las industrias que se encargan de la trasformación de materias prima metálicas en productos terminado, los riesgos mecánicos presentes en este tipo de industrias son múltiples los cuales pueden causar diversos tipos de accidentes, muerte y enfermedades profesionales. Para poder contrarrestar de manera puntual los riesgos mecánicos se utilizó el método de William T. Fine. Mismo que consiste en valorar la gravedad de los riesgos considerando tres factores: consecuencia, exposición y la probabilidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los riesgos mecánicos en dos áreas en particular como lo es el área de torneado y el área de fresado. Misma que sirvió para proponer medidas de control que permitan reducir dichos riesgos. Mediante el análisis estadístico de los datos concernientes al periodo enero 2020 - diciembre del 2023, presentaron 19 accidentes de trabajo, 8 en el área de torneado y 11 en el área de fresado, información brindada por el gerente de la metalmecánica en donde se indicó que la parte más afectada de los trabajadores son las manos especialmente en las falanges debido a la manipulación de elementos corto punzante en la realización de estas actividades además se detectaron otros tipos de riesgos mecánicos como quemaduras, golpes y proyección de partículas, cizallamientos.
PROGRAMA PREVINE BRASIL: UMA AVALIAÇÃO DOS INDICADORES DA ASSISTÊNCIA PRÉ-NATAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAGUAÍNA DE 2019 A 2023
Authors: Flavio Josiana Silveira de Paula , Ferreira Leticia Martins , Silva Karina Maria Mesquita da , Santos Ana Paula Feliciano Souza , Barsch Hemly Won Kruger , Silva Leticia Morais
Published: September 2024

A gestação, mesmo sendo um processo fisiológico, pode manifestar complicações que requerem uma assistência qualificada e especializada. A assistência pré-natal, prestada pela Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), baseada em principios da acessibilidade, vínculo, continuidade e integralidade, constitui-se um conjunto de procedimentos clínicos e educativos com o objetivo de acompanhar a evolução gestacional e promover a saúde da gestante e da criança. Neste sentido, o Ministério da Saúde desenvolveu mecanismos estratégicos,  de iniciativa essencial para a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no país, visando ampliar o acesso da população aos serviços de saúde, especialmente nas regiões mais vulneráveis instaurando o Programa Previne Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de natureza quantitativa, extraídos de registros oficiais fornecidos pela Superintendência de Atenção Básica, afim de descrever os dados relacionados aos indicadores do programa Previne Brasil para gestantes no município de Araguaína entre 2019 e 2023.
Analisis Kinerja Komposit Hibrid Aerated Autoclaved Concrete Panel – Lapisan Beton Bertulang Terhadap Lentur
Authors: Nuryana Ferryana Irwan , Sumargo Sumargo , Oesman Mardiana
Published: September 2024

Abstrak
Panel lantai precast Aerated Autoclaved Concrete (AAC) didesain untuk beban maksimum 400kg/m2. Pemasangan panel AAC umumnya diberi lapisan tambahan pada permukaan atas sebagai proteksi. Lapisan beton bertulang di atas panel AAC biasa dihitung sebagai beban mati tambahan. Namun, secara teoritis penambahan lapisan tersebut dapat meningkatkan kekuatan dan kekakuan panel, dengan syarat kedua lapisan tersebut bekerja secara komposit monolit; sehingga, lapisan tersebut juga berfungsi sebagai komponen struktural. Namun hal tersebut perlu dibuktikan dengan penelitian untuk mengetahui hal tersebut.  Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental skala 1:1 menggunakan panel AAC berukuran 1970x600x125mm.  Pada penelitian ini ketebalan lapisan beton  dan metode pemasangan shear connector menjadi variabel penelitian. Variasi tebal lapisan beton  30,40,dan 50mm dengan mutu  f’c 24,5MPa.  Lapisan beton diberi tulangan wiremesh D 6mm berjarak 200mm. shear connector tulangan ulir D 6mm ditempatkan setiap jarak 200mm dengan variasi metode pemasangan terhadap wiremesh pada lapisan beton : dengan dan tanpa las. Panel komposit hibrid diuji terhadap beban lentur secara monotonik, third-point loading method. Hasil uji lentur menunjukan bahwa penambahan lapisan beton bertulang pada panel ACC, dapat meningkatkan beban retak pertama dan beban ultimit hingga sebesar 28-89%, dan 33-109% secara berurutan, juga kekakuan sebesar 174.70% hingga 363.31%.
Sifat Mekanis Kayu Salam Pada Kondisi Layan Basah
Authors: Kusumawardhani Dina Tiara , Hidayatullah Rizky , Bahtiar Effendi Tri , Kapitan Origenes Boy
Published: September 2024

Abstrak
Kelimpahan kayu salam di pulau Jawa menjadi daya tarik untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai material kosntruksi. Namun belum banyak informasi ilmiah mengenai sifat mekanis kayu salam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi beberapa sifat dasar utama mekanis kayu salam dengan pengujian destruktif yang mengacu pada ASTM D143 meliputi pengujian lentur statis, tekan sejajar serat, tekan tegak lurus serat, dan geser, serta sifat fisis kayu meliputi kerapatan, berat jenis, serta kadar air kayu salam dengan contoh uji kecil bebas cacat pada kondisi layan basah dan kering udara yang mengacu pada SNI 7973:2013. Nilai tegangan yang dihasilkan pada tiap-tiap pengujian oleh kayu dengan kadar air kering udara memiliki nilai yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kayu basah. Secara umum faktor layan basah hasil pengujian tidak sesuai dengan nilai SNI, namun pengujian lentur baik MOE maupun MOR menghasilkan nilai yang mendekati nilai yang disyaratkan SNI. Kondisi layan basah berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai kekuatan kayu.
Analisis Numerik Pengaruh Beban Hujan dan Gempa pada Stabilitas Lereng Tanah Tak Jenuh
Authors: Koven Wilson , Hamdany Abdul Halim
Published: September 2024

Abstrak
Efek hujan dan gempa mempengaruhi stabilitas lereng. Hujan dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya infiltrasi pada lereng yang menyebabkan turunnya tekanan air pori negatif pada lereng dan meningkatkan muka air tanah. Sedangkan gempa akan memberikan beban seismik yang menyebabkan terjadinya deformasi pada lereng. Lereng akan mengalami kondisi yang lebih kritis lagi apabila efek hujan dan gempa dikombinasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hujan yang disusul gempa pada stabilitas lereng tak jenuh. Penelitian ini terdiri dari  dua tahap analisis numerik, yaitu analisis rembesan untuk mengetahui perubahan tekanan air pori pada lereng dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis dinamik time history tidak linear untuk menghitung deformasi yang terjadi akibat gempa. Kurva karakteristik tanah-air yang diambil dari hasil pengukuran akan diinkorporasikan pada lapisan atas tanah tak jenuh dan catatan gempa Loma Prieta (1989) akan digunakan sebagai akselerasi gempa. Enam skenario hujan dilanjutkan gempa akan dianalisis dan dibandingkan yaitu skenario intensitas hujan tidak berubah selama tiga hari, skenario intensitas hujan meningkat bertahap dan berkurang bertahap dalam tiga hari, dan skenario intensitas hujan acak selama tiga hari.
Religiøs autoritet blant militante islamistar
Authors: Lia Brynjar
Published: September 2024

Korleis kan vi vite kven militante islamistar høyrer på og betraktar som autoritative kjelder i sentrale spørsmål? Denne artikkelen forsøker å skissere nokre framgangsmåtar i studiet av jihadistpredikantar og tilhengjarskaren deira.