bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restored CD8+PD-1+ T cells Facilitate the Response to Anti-PD-1 for Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Qian , qiao guoliang , Huang Lefu , Xu Chang , Guo Deliang , Wang Shuo , Zhao Jing , Song Yuguang , Liu Bing , Chen Zheng , Yang Zhiyong , Yuan Yufeng
Published: November 2021

BackgroundsWe aimed at to investigate that restoring the amount of CD8+PD1+ T cells through adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) could improve the prognosis and facilitate the therapeutic response to anti-PD-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC).Methods177 adult patients who underwent tumor resection as initial treatment for PDAC during February 2013 to July 2019. at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were enrolled in this study. Another cohort of 32 patients with APC were prospectively enrolled from Capital Medical University Cancer Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital from June 1, 2013, to May 30, 2019. All patients with APC underwent ACT and 15 of 32 (46.8%) patients received ACT combined with anti-PD-1 (Pembrolizumab).ResultsOf the 177 patients received tumor resection, 67 tumor samples showed overexpression of PD-L1 We found that high PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues was significantly associated with short overall survival. Also, we tested the percentage of peripheral CD8+PD-1+ T cells and found it was significantly correlated with the PD-L1 expression and the prognosis of patients with PDAC. We further tracked the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subtypes for 30 months and found that CD8+PD-1+ cells were decreased and we hypothesized that the CD8+PD-1+ cells were exhausted. After that, we performed ACT for patients with APC and we found that the ratios of post treatment of ACT/pre-ACT CD8+PD-1+ T cells were significantly related with the prognosis of patients with APC. Moreover, patients with combined treatment of ACT with anti-PD-1 had significantly favorable both OS and PFS. Furthermore, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire were tested and TCR diversity of cultured T cells were calculated and we found the treatment of ACT impacted on the TCR repertoire especially in patients with significantly CD8+PD-1+ T cells enhanced.Conclusionsthis study showed that the CD8+PD-1+ T cell subgroup was related with expression of PD-L1 and the prognosis of patients with PDAC who received surgical resection. The CD8+PD-1+ T cells were gradually exhausted and restoring it by treatment of ACT was associated with a significantly favorable prognosis and facilitate the response to Anti-PD-1.
Modeling Simulation and Fault Analysis of Aircraft Air Conditioning System Based on Grasshopper Algorithm Improved Support Vector Machine
Authors: Wu Huiyong , jin shuchun , jin zhu
Published: November 2021

To effectively analyze the working state of the air circulation system when the aircraft flies at high altitude, it is necessary to simulate and analyze on the ground. A simulated annealing-grasshopper algorithm is proposed to optimize the support vector machine ( SAGOA-SVM ). The overall simulation model of the aircraft air circulation system is established, and the fault injection analysis is carried out. The support vector machine is introduced to classify the system results. The grasshopper algorithm simulated annealing and position offset are used to optimize the support vector machine, and the optimal parameter values are obtained. The results show that the simulation system can effectively simulate the temperature changes of the aircraft under various operating conditions. The optimized support vector machine can effectively distinguish the fault types of the aircraft component outlet, and the system convergence speed is accelerated to avoid the problem of falling into the local optimal value.
Effects of Fermented Feed on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Function and Microbiota of Piglets Weaned at Different Age
Authors: Liu Shuai , Xiong Yunxia , Chen Jingping , Xiao Hao , Wu Qiwen , Wen Xiaolu , Jiang Zongyong , Wang Li
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: The beneficial function of fermented feed in livestock industry has been widely investigated. However, little is known about the effects of fermented feed on different weaned-day piglets. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented diet on the growth performance, intestinal function and microbiota of piglets weaned at age of 21 days and 28 days.RESULTS: The results found that weaning on d 21 significantly increased (P < 0.05) ADG, and ADFI (calculated based on wet weight and dry matter), while reduced (P < 0.05) F: G, the activities of trypsin and lipase of jejunum and villus height of ileum, compared with 28-d weaning. The protein levels of Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1 of ileum in the groups weaning on d 21 were less (P < 0.05) than the groups weaning on d 28. Moreover, dietary supplementation with fermented diet upregulated (P < 0.05) Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1 proteins of ileum, compared with the groups treated with control diet both weaning on d 21 and d 28. In addition, dietary supplementation with fermented diet decreased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Clostridia (class) and increased (P < 0.05) Bacteroidia (class) level of cecal microbiota, compared with the groups treated with control diet both weaning on d 21 and d 28. However, supplementation with fermented diet did not affect the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Therefore, our data suggest that feed digestibility is improved in piglets weaned at 21 days, but intestinal barrier function is weaker than in piglets weaned at 28 days. However, compared with feeding control diet, supplementation with fermented diet both improved feed conversion and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets by modulating intestinal microbiota.
MiR-30a-5p Downregulation Induces Neuronal Autophagy by Activating AMPK After 2856MHz Microwave Radiation
Authors: Hao Yanhui , Li Wenchao , Wang Hui , Zhang Jing , Wang Haoyu , Dong Ji , Yao Binwei , Xu Xinping , Zhao Li , Peng Ruiyun
Published: November 2021

Background With the development of science and technology, microwaves are being widely used. More and more attention has been paid to the potential health hazards of microwave exposure. The regulation of miR-30a-5p (miR-30a) on autophagy is involved in the pathophysiological process of many diseases. Our previous study found that 30 mW/cm2 microwave radiation could reduce miR-30a expression and activate neuronal autophagy in rat hippocampus. However, the roles played by miR-30a in microwave-induced neuronal autophagy and related mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Results In the present study, we established neuronal damage models by exposing rat hippocampal neurons and rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell-derived neuron-like cells to 30 mW/cm2 microwave, which resulted in miR-30a downregulation and autophagy activation in vivo and in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted, and Beclin1, Prkaa2, Irs1, Pik3r2, Rras2, Ddit4, Gabarapl2 and autophagy-related gene 12 (Atg12) were identified as potential downstream target genes of miR-30a involved in regulating autophagy. Based on our previous findings that microwave radiation can cause a neuronal energy metabolism disorder, Prkaa2, encoding adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase α2 (AMPKα2, an important catalytic subunit of energy sensor AMPK), was selected for further analysis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay results showed that Prkaa2 is a downstream target gene of miR-30a. Microwave radiation increased the expression and phosphorylation (Thr172) of AMPKα both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the transduction of cells with miR-30a mimics suppressed AMPKα2 expression, inhibited AMPKα (Thr172) phosphorylation and reduced autophagy flux in neuron-like cells. Importantly, miR-30a mimics abolished microwave-activated autophagy and inhibited microwave-induced AMPKα (Thr172) phosphorylation. Conclusions AMPKα2 was a newly founded downstream gene of miR-30a involved in autophagy regulation, and miR-30a downregulation after microwave radiation could promote neuronal autophagy by increasing AMPKα2 expression and activating AMPK signaling.
Effect of Tourniquet use on Blood Loss, Pain, Functional Recovery, and Complications in Robot-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lai Yahao , Xu Hong , Su Qiang , Wan Xufeng , Yuan Mingcheng , Zhou Zongke
Published: November 2021

Background: Robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been largely studied to confirm its advantages in terms of accurate component positioning, microembolus formation, less blood loss and so on, but is currently usually performed under tourniquet due to its longer operative time than conventional TKA. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of tourniquet use in robot-assisted TKA on blood loss, pain, functional recovery, and complications.Methods: Patients scheduled for robot-assisted TKA were prospectively randomized into a tourniquet or non-tourniquet group (each n = 14). The primary outcome measure was blood loss. The secondary outcome measures were operation time; visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores; time to achieve the first straight-leg raise; swelling of the thigh, knee, and calf; range of motion; Hospital for Special Surgery score; length of stay; and postoperative complications. Results: There was no significant difference in total blood loss between the tourniquet and non-tourniquet groups (738.57 ± 276.158 vs. 866.85 ± 243.422 ml, P = 0.061). The tourniquet group showed significantly lower intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.001), but higher hidden blood loss (P = 0.002). The non-tourniquet group showed better knee range of motion on POD 1-3 (all P < 0.001), less thigh swelling on PODs 2 and 3 (P < 0.05), earlier straight-leg raising (P = 0.044), and shorter length of stay (P = 0.044). Thigh pain VAS score at 1 month after surgery was significantly greater in the tourniquet group (P < 0.001), as was knee pain during activity and at rest on PODs 2-3 (all P < 0.05). The tourniquet group also showed a significantly higher rate of tension blisters (28.8% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.038). Conclusions: Tourniquet use during robot-assisted TKA dose not reduce total blood loss and it appears to increase postoperative pain, aggravate muscle injury, and prolong postoperative recovery.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100041800. Registered 5 January 2021, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx
An Improved Biogeography-based Optimization with Hybrid Migration and Feedback Differential Evolution and its Performance Analysis
Authors: Zhang Ziyu , Gao Yuelin , Li Jiahang , Zuo Wenlu
Published: November 2021

Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is not suitable for solving high-dimensional or multi-modal problems. To improve the optimization efficiency of BBO, this study proposes a novel BBO variant, which is named ZGBBO. For the selection operator, an example learning method is designed to ensure inferior solution will not destroy the superior solution. For the migration opeartor, a convex migration is proposed to increase the convergence speed, and the probability of finding the optimal solution is increased by using opposition-based learning to generate opposite individuals. The mutation operator of BBO is deleted to eliminate the generation of poor solutions. A differential evolution with feedback mechanism is merged to improve the convergence accuracy of the algorithm for multi-modal and irregular problems. Meanwhile, the greedy selection is used to make the population always moves in the direction of a better area. Then, the global convergence of ZGBBO is proved with Markov model and sequence convergence model. Quantitative evaluations, compared with three self-variants, seven improved BBO variants and six state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms, experimental results on 24 benchmark functions show that every improved strategy is indispensable, and the overall performance of ZGBBO is better. Besides, the complexity of ZGBBO is analyzed by comparing with BBO, and ZGBBO has less computation and lower complexity.
Generation of nonlinearity in the electrical response of yeast suspensions
Authors: Muraji Masafumi , Tamura Keita , Tanaka Kenji , Shirafuji Tatsuru
Published: November 2021

The mechanism through which nonlinearity is generated in the response waveform of the electric current obtained by applying alternating current voltage to yeast suspension has not yet been elucidated. In this paper, we showed that the response waveform depends on the applied voltage and frequency. The results showed that distortion (nonlinearity) in the waveform increases as the applied voltage increases and/or the frequency decreases. We suggest a model for the generation of nonlinearity based on the influx of potassium ions into the cell via potassium ion channels and transporters in the membrane due to the applied voltage. Furthermore, we validated this model by simulating an electrical circuit.
Hypomagnesemia and Poor Glycemic Control Among Palestinian Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hamarshih Mohmmad , Hamshari Suha , Nazzal Zaher , Snobar Farha Abu , Mletat Rawa , Mazen Ola Abu , Maraqa Beesan
Published: November 2021

Background: Hypomagnesemia has been shown to have a significant impact on both glycemic control and diabetes complications in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aims to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM patients and find the association between serum magnesium levels and outcomes relevant to glycemic control and diabetic complications.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and included 373 patients (222 males and 151 females). Serum magnesium levels were measured by the Colorimetric Endpoint Method using the Cobas C501system. Hypomagnesemia was determined to be a serum magnesium level <1.6 mg/dL. In addition, the following data were also obtained; patients' characteristics, anthropometric measurements, smoking status, HbA1c, co-morbidities, and therapeutic management. Results: Patients' mean age was 56.2 ±10.8 years, 24.6% were smokers, and most were overweight or obese. About 60% have a history of hypertension, and the majority have had diabetes for more than ten years. Their mean HbA1c level was 8.5±2. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia was 11% (95% CI: 8%-14.6%). It was found to be significantly higher among females (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.2%-5.8%), patients with HbA1c ≥ 8% (adjusted OR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.1%-5.5%), and patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.1%-7.1%). Conclusions: the study showed that hypomagnesemia is more prevalent in females and is associated with diabetic retinopathy and poor glycemic control. Having a sufficient magnesium level may be associated with better glycemic control and a reduced occurrence of complications.
Deep Learning Model of Dock by Dock Process Significantly Accelerate the Process of Docking-Based Virtual Screening
Authors: Ma Wei , Xie Qin , Zhang Jianhang , Li Shiliang , Deng Xiaobing , Xu Youjun , Zhang Weilin
Published: November 2021

Docking-based virtual screening (VS process) selects ligands with potential pharmacological activities from millions of molecules using computational docking methods, which greatly could reduce the number of compounds for experimental screening, shorten the research period and save the research cost. Howerver, a majority of compouds with low docking scores could waste most of the computational resources. Herein, we report a novel and practical docking-based machine learning method called MLDDM (Machince Learning Docking-by-Docking Models). It is composed of a regression model and a classification model that simulates a classical docking by docking protocol ususally applied in many virtual screening projects. MLDDM could quickly eliminate compounds with low docking scores and the retained compounds with potential high docking scores would be examined for further real docking program. We demonstrated that MLDDM has a good ability to identify active compounds in the case studies for 10 specific protein targets. Compared to pure docking by docking based VS protocol, the VS process with MLDDM can achieve an over 120 times speed increment on average and the consistency rate with corresponding docking by docking VS protocol is above 0.8. Therefore, it would be promising to be used for examing ultra-large compound libraries in the current big data era.
A Modified Open-Door Laminoplasty with Reconstruction of the Cervical Posterior Ligamental Complex to Decrease Axial Pain in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Zhang Yayun , Chen Liangxi , Li Hao , Gao Xianlei , Zhao Hongwei , Pan Xin , Zhao Hua
Published: November 2021

Background:Cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients with multiple segments are usually treated with the posterior approach. But expansive open laminoplasty (ELAP) often results in heavy, rigid, and acid bilges feelings in the neck, shoulder, and back, collectively known as axial symptoms. Objective: To evaluate the effect of modified posterior cervical ligament complex reconstruction and single-door laminoplasty with titanium plate fixation on postoperative axial symptoms in patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis conducted from June 2016 to March 2018 collected more than 132 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy at our institute. Group A includes 74 patients and Group B includes 58 patients who use different surgery method. Gender, age, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, post-operative drainage volume, and follow-up time, Visual analogue scoring (VAS), cervical curvature index (CCI) and the cross-sectional area of the posterior cervical muscles of the two groups were recorded. Results: There was statistical significance in the incidence of axial pain 3 months after surgery (P =0.001), 6 months after surgery (P =0.006), and 1 year after surgery (P =0.015). And the VAS score was decreased in group A 1 week (P <0.0001), 1 ,3 month(P=0.0001), 6 months(P=0.0076), and 1 year(P=0.0085) post-surgery compared to group B. Also the CCI and the posterior cervical muscle area between groups A and B (P < 0.0001).Conclusion: Modified single open-door laminoplasty could relieve cervical axial pain in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
Predictive Factors for the Long-Term Clinical Course in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Second-Line Anti-Rheumatic Drugs in Real-World Practice: An Analysis Using Disease Activity Trajectory-Based Clustering Approach
Authors: Koo Bon San , Eun Seongho , Shin Kichul , Hong Seokchan , Kim Yong-Gil , Lee Chang-Keun , Yoo Bin , Oh Ji Seon
Published: November 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to stratify patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to the trend of disease activity by trajectory-based clustering and to identify the predictive factors for treatment response and the switching patterns of biologics according to trajectory groups. Methods: We analysed the data from a nationwide RA cohort from the Korean College of Rheumatology Biologics and Targeted Therapy (KOBIO) registry. Patients treated with second-line disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were included. Trajectory modeling for clustering was used to group the disease activity trend. The predictive factors and switching patterns of biologics for each trajectory were investigated.Results: The trends in the disease activity of 688 RA patients were clustered into 4 groups: rapid decrease and stable disease activity (group 1, N = 319), rapid decrease followed by an increase (group 2, N = 36), slow and continued decrease (group 3, N = 290), and no decrease in disease activity (group 4, N = 43). In the multivariable analysis for predictive factors, current smoking (OR, 7.845; 95% CI 2.158–28.220), low hemoglobin (OR 0.694; 95% CI, 0.532–0.901), and high initial disease activity score according to the 28-joint assessment (DAS28) (OR, 2.397; 95% CI, 1.638–3.586) were significantly associated with group 4 compared with group 1. Group 1 had a higher proportion of patients who had never had switching (86.5%) and who were initially treated with non-TNF inhibitors (44.2%) compared with groups 2 (52.8% and 25%), 3 (50.3% and 23.4%), and 4 (25.6% and 18.6%).Conclusions: The trajectory-based approach was useful for clustering the disease activity in longitudinal data in patients with RA. Among the four trajectories, the group with sustained high disease activity was associated with current smoking, low hemoglobin, high initial DAS28, and frequent switching of biologics.
Photophysical and Electronic Properties of Congo Red Dye Embedded in Polyvinyl Alcohol as an Efficient Laser Optical Limiter: Enhancement the Electrical Conductivity and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Mohammed M.I. , Al-Assiri Mohammed , Zahran H.Y. , AlAbdulaal T.H , Harraz Farid A. , Al-Assiri M. S. , Yahia I.S.
Published: November 2021

High-quality polymeric composite films containing Congo red dye and PVA were prepared using the casting technique. The proposed Cr-doped PVA composites were examined using XRD, UV–visible optical, dielectric, and optical limiting effect techniques. The XRD patterns of CR-doped PVA composite films display diffraction peaks, which belong to CR organic dye. There was a broadening and reduction of the initial peak intensity in polymer composite films at higher doping concentrations. The band edge of CR: PVA composites reduced with a massive shift from 4.63 eV to 1.86 e, were Congo red controls the energy bandgap of the PVA polymer. Dielectric permittivity diminishes with increasing the frequency and achieves constant values at higher frequencies through the relation between the electric dipole and the electric field differences. Increasing the percentage ratio of the CR doping enhances the electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivities due to the large size of the CR molecules. The strong optical limiting of the CR-doped PVA composites is determined using different laser sources of 632.8 and 532 nm wavelengths. The amazing obtained results imply that CR: PVA composite films are very significant for applying large-scale CUT-OFF laser filters for medical optical and electronic device systems.
ENSO Influence on Regional Atmospheric Circulation and Thermodynamics Over Northern South America
Authors: Ruiz-Vásquez Melissa , Arias Paola A. , Martínez J. Alejandro
Published: November 2021

The interannual variability of hydroclimatic conditions in Northern South America (NOSA), specially precipitation, is mainly influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We explored potential mechanisms that affect precipitation occurrence in NOSA during El Niño and La Niña events over the period 1980-2019, using data from the ERA5 reanalysis. We looked at the atmospheric moisture contribution from different sources using the Dynamic Recycling Model to track water vapour trajectories. Interestingly, conditions with reduced precipitation during El Niño events can take place along with increased precipitable water. To understand this, we analyzed thermodynamic conditions in the atmosphere that are necessary for precipitation to occur over the region, such as convective available potential energy, convective inhibition, lifting condensation level and low--level relative humidity. With this approach, we found more favorable atmospheric conditions for the occurrence of precipitation during La Niña events, even if the content of water vapor was equal or even less than during El Niño events. We also looked at the structure of the regional Hadley circulation in both types of events and found a weakening of the rising motion of the cell during El Niño, which further reduces convective processes over this region. This study provides an integral picture of how precipitation anomalies over NOSA during ENSO events are related both to thermodynamic conditions and sources of atmospheric moisture.
Responses of water environmental indicators to climate conditions in the middle and lower reaches of Lijiang River
Authors: Zhu Dantong , Cheng Xiangju , Li Wuhua , Niu Fujun , Wen Jianhui
Published: November 2021

With global climate change and increasingly extreme weather conditions, the water environment of the Lijiang River Basin is facing huge threats. Past studies have mostly focused on large-scale areas or have regional characteristics. Therefore, this study is based on the meteorological, hydrological, and water quality data of the Lijiang River from 2012 to 2018, using the analysis method Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, sensitivity , and contribution rate to quantitative analysis of the relationship between climate conditions and water environment indicators. The results show that the oxidation and alkalinity of the water in the Lijiang River Basin gradually increase, and the intensity becomes stronger as it goes downstream. DO increase and the concentrations of COD Mn , BOD 5 , and NH 4 -N all decreased, and water quality improved year by year. The input of external pollution has led to an upward trend in TP in Yangshuo. DO is positively correlated with wind speed and negatively correlated with other climate indicators. NH 4 -N and TP are mainly affected by precipitation, streamflow, humidity, and sunshine duration, only sunshine duration is negatively correlated. Pollutants from Guilin to Yangshuo on both sides of the Lijiang River were carried by the surface runoff into the water body contain a certain amount of organic matter and acidic matter. Water environment indicators are not very sensitive to precipitation and streamflow, humidity and wind speed have higher sensitivity. Water temperature and sunshine duration have a positive effect on reducing NH 4 -N and TP. Various climate conditions can help reduce organic matter in the water body where there are few external sources and the opposite contribution with external sources. No climate condition can dominate one water environment indicator of two stations at the same time. The difference between Yangshuo and Guilin is mostly due to the input of external sources on both sides of the Lijiang River, which leads to the difference in sensitive climate conditions. Construction of non-point source pollution reduction facilities and sewage treatment measures are very necessary.
Consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with abdominal obesity in rotating shift workers
Authors: Júnior Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes , Fajardo Virgínia Capistrano , de Oliveira Jonathas Assis , Machado-Coelho George Luiz Lins , Pimenta Fausto Aloísio Pedrosa , de Oliveira Fernando Luiz Pereira , Neto Raimundo Marques do Nascimento , de Freitas Sílvia Nascimento , Meireles Adriana Lúcia
Published: November 2021

Background and aims: Higher intake of ultra-processed foods might be associated with an increased risk of obesity. Our objective was to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods and their association with nutrient intake and excess body adiposity in shift workers.Design: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 with 238 male rotating shift workers. Dietary data is obtained by the 24-hour recall and classified according to processing by the NOVA classification system. Body adiposity indicators assessed were waist circumference and body mass index. Logistic regression models were built and adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary variables.Results: Ultra-processed foods represented on average 22.3% of the total caloric value of the individuals' food consumption, with a maximum value of 66.9%. Participants with the highest tercile of ultra-processed foods consumed more carbohydrate (57%), protein (35%), total fat (96%), saturated fat (79%), cholesterol (68%), and sodium (44%) intake compared to the first tercile (p < 0.001). The most frequencies of ultra-processed foods consumed were bread (81.0%), followed by cookies (45.9%), sweetened beverages (45.7%), processed meats (46.8%), and margarine (46.8%). In multivariable analysis, the highest consumption of ultra-processed foods had 183% higher odds of abdominal obesity (OR = 2.83, 95%CI 1.29-6.22), compared with the lowest consumption. Conclusion: Ultra-processed foods are important contributors to the energy intake of these workers, and higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with abdominal obesity.
Clinicopathologic features and prognostic value of DNA mismatch protein expression patterns in stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ colorectal cancer.
Authors: Shang An , Zhao Zeyun , Wang Zhaoyong , Li Donglin , Guo Yu , Qi Rui , Yang Yang , Wang Min
Published: November 2021

Background

MSI CRCs were associated with better prognosis and limited predictive value for adjuvant chemotherapy. However, whether the same is true in Northeastern China is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of clinicopathologic features and MMR/MSI status determined with immunohistochemistry analysis in Northeast China patients with stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ CRCs. Particularly, we sought to detect the relationship between MMR/MSI status and efficacy of oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine based adjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods

In total, 476 pathological specimens from eligible stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ CRCs were analyzed with IHC between 2016 and 2018, of which 63 CRCs were diagnosed with MMR protein deficiency. Clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) were compared between these above two groups.
Result

The incidence of dMMR CRCs in our cohort was 13.2% (63/476). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed two common dMMR IHC patterns in 63 dMMR CRCs. And dMMR type1 showed a higher proportion of women (P=0.001) and earlier pathological N stage (P=0.075). In the multivariate Cox regression model, POC (Postoperative chemotherapy) and dMMR were associated with a favor prognosis in CRC patients with stage II/III (HR 0.47, 95%CI 0.30-0.74, P=.001; HR 0.34, 95%CI 0.14-0.79, P=.013). However, adjuvant chemotherapy based on oxaliplatin and fluorouracil cannot prolong the OS of dMMR CRCs (P=0.182).
Conclusions

MMR protein appeared distinct associations with tumor staging, serum CEA level and tumor size. And MMR protein was an independent prognostic marker in patients with stage Ⅱ CRC, whereas dMMR CRC patients did not seem to benefit from oxaliplatin combined with fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
Quality of Life in a Randomized Trial Comparing Two Neoadjuvant Regimens for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer – INCAGI004.
Authors: Araujo Rodrigo Otavio de Castro , Vieira Fernando Meton , Ornellas Ana Paula Victorino , Torres Claudia Carrada , Martins Ivanir , Guaraldi Simone , Valadão Marcus Vinicuis , Linhares Eduardo , Ferreira Carlos Gil , Thuler Luiz Claudio
Published: November 2021

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neoCRT) followed by surgery is the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), but the emergence of different drug regimens may result in different response rates. Good clinical response translates into greater sphincter preservation, but quality of life (QOL) may be impaired after treatment due to chemoradiotherapy and surgical side effects. Objective: To prospectively evaluate the QOL in a randomized trial comparing two neoadjuvant regimens for locally advanced rectal cancer.Methods: Stage II and III rectal cancer patients were randomized to receive neoCRT with either capecitabine (Group 1) or 5-Fu and leucovorin (Group 2) concomitant to long course radiotherapy. Clinical downstaging was accessed using MRI 6-8 weeks after treatment. EORTCs QLQ C30 and CR38 were applied before treatment (T0), after neoCRT (T1), after rectal resection (T2), early after adjuvant chemotherapy (T3), and one year after end of treatment or stoma closure (T4). Wexner scale was used for continence evaluation at T4. A C30SummaryScore (Geisinger et cols) was calculated to compare QOL results. Results: 32 patients were assigned to Group 1 and 31 to Group 2. Clinical downstaging occurred in 70.0% of Group 1 and 53.3% of Group 2 (p=0.288). pCR was 23.3% in group 1 and 10.0% in Group 2(p=0.165). Sphincter preservation was 83.3% in Group 1 and 80.0% in Group 2(p=0.111). No difference in QOL was detected comparing the two treatment groups before and after neoCRT. C30SummaryScore detected improvement comparing T0 to T1 and deterioration comparing T1 to T2 (p=0.025), and global health status improved at T1 and T4 compared to T0(p=0.004). Mean Wexner scale score was 9.2, and a high score correlated with symptoms of diarrhea and defecation problems at T4.Conclusions: Clinical and pathological response rates were equivalent in both treatment groups. QOL was improved after neoCRT corresponding to clinical response but decreased following rectal resection. Wexner score was high after sphincter preservation. C30SummaryScore was a useful tool to detect differences in overall QOL in EORTCs multiple item questionnaire.Trial registration: NCT03428529. Registered 02/09/2018 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03428529.
Landscape Characteristics Influence Ranging Behavior of Asian Elephants at The Human-Wildlands Interface in Myanmar
Authors: Chan Aung Nyein , Wittemyer George , McEvoy John , Williams Amirtharaj Christy , Cox Nick , Soe Paing , Grindley Mark , Shwe Nay Myo , Chit Aung Myo , Oo Zaw Min , Leimgruber Peter
Published: November 2021

ContextAsian elephant numbers are declining across much of their range driven largely by serious threats from land use change resulting in habitat loss and fragmentation. Myanmar, holding critical range for the species, is undergoing major developments due to recent sociopolitical changes. To effectively manage and conserve the remaining populations of endangered elephants in the country, it is crucial to understand their ranging behavior.ObjectivesOur objectives were to (1) estimate the sizes of dry, wet and annual ranges of free ranging elephants in Myanmar; and quantify the relationship between dry season (the period when human-elephant interactions are the most likely to occur) range size and configurations of agriculture and natural vegetation within the range, and 2) evaluate how percentage of agriculture within dry core range (50% AKDE range) of elephants relates to their daily distance traveled.MethodsWe used autocorrelated kernel density estimator (AKDE) based on a continuous-time movement modeling (ctmm) framework to estimate dry season (26 ranges from 22 different individuals), wet season (12 ranges from 10 different individuals), and annual range sizes (8 individuals), and reported the 95%, 50% AKDE, and 95% Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) range sizes. We assessed how landscape characteristics influenced range size based on a broad array of 48 landscape metrics characterizing aspects of vegetation, water, and human features and their juxtaposition in the study areas. To identify the most relevant landscape metrics and simplify our candidate set of informative metrics, we relied on exploratory factor analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Based on this analysis we adopted a final set of metrics into our regression analysis. In a multiple regression framework, we developed candidate models to explain the variation in AKDE dry season range sizes based on the previously identified, salient metrics of landscape composition. ResultsElephant dry season ranges were highly variable averaging 792.0 km2 and 184.2 km2 for the 95% and 50% AKDE home ranges, respectively. We found both the shape and spatial configuration of agriculture and natural vegetation patches within an individual elephant’s range play a significant role in determining the size of its range. We also found that elephants are moving more (larger energy expenditure) in ranges with higher percentages of agricultural area.ConclusionOur results provide baseline information on elephant spatial requirements and the factors affecting them in Myanmar. This information is important for advancing future land use planning that takes into account space-use requirements for elephants. Failing to do so may further endanger already declining elephant populations in Myanmar and across the species’ range.
Resolvin D1 inhibits endothelial permeability and mitochondrial damage following cardiac ischemia reperfusion in diabetic mice
Authors: Zhang Jialiang , Huang Fangyang , Chen Li , Li Guoyong , Xiao Dan , Lei Wenhua , Zhao Jiahao , Liao Yanbiao , Li Changming , Chen Mao
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Novel strategies for preventing myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) in a diabetic heart are urgently needed. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) plays important therapeutic roles in inflammatory diseases. However, the therapeutic role of RvD1 in diabetic MIRI is still unknown.
Methods

Diabetic mice were established with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ). The mice were pretreated with RvD1 via intraperitoneal injection for 3 days, followed by MIRI. To evaluate the effects of RvD1 on chronic cardiac remodelling, RvD1 was administered for another 2 weeks after MIRI. The effects of RvD1 following MIRI were measured, including the severity of infarct size, regional inflammation, cardiac function, and permeability of cultured endothelial monolayers. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MitoROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined using MitoSOX and JC-1.
Results

RvD1 pretreatment significantly reduced infarct size and the Evans blue content in diabetic injured hearts, which was associated with improved endothelial permeability. At 2 weeks after MIRI, RvD1 treatment partially improved cardiac performance and reduced cardiac fibrosis in diabetic MIRI mice. In vitro, RvD1 attenuated endothelial leakage induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation, H2O2, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) under high glucose (HG) conditions. Meanwhile, RvD1 remarkably protected endothelial cells from H2O2-induced mitochondrial damage, as evidenced by increased MMP and decreased MitoROS, which was associated with the preservation of VE-cadherin.
Conclusion

RvD1 alleviates MIRI-induced endothelial permeability and mitochondrial damage injuries in diabetic hearts. Therefore, RvD1 could be a potential therapeutic target for MIRI in diabetes.
Left Atrial Appendage Morphology With The Progression of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Takaya Yoichi , Nakayama Rie , Yokohama Fumi , Toh Norihisa , Nakagawa Koji , Miyamoto Masakazu , Ito Hiroshi
Published: November 2021

Left atrial appendage (LAA) size is crucial for determining the indication of transcatheter LAA closure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in LAA morphology according to the types of atrial fibrillation (AF). A total of 340 patients (mean age: 65 ± 15 years) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were included. Patients were classified into non-AF (n = 105), paroxysmal AF (n = 86), persistent AF (n = 87), or long-standing persistent AF (n = 62). LAA morphology, including LAA ostial diameter and depth, was assessed using TEE. Patients with long-standing persistent AF had larger LAA ostial diameter and depth, greater LAA lobes, and lower LAA flow velocity. The maximum LAA ostial diameter was 19 ± 4 mm in patients with non-AF, 21 ± 4 mm in patients with paroxysmal AF, 23 ± 5 mm in patients with persistent AF, and 26 ± 5 mm in patients with long-standing persistent AF. LAA ostial diameter was increased by 2 or 3 mm with the progression of AF. LAA ostial diameter was correlated with LA volume index (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) and the duration of continuous AF (r = 0.30, p < 0.01), but not with age or the period from the onset of AF. In conclusion, LAA size, which is the determinant for selecting device size of transcatheter LAA closure, was increased with the progression of AF. Our findings have potential implications for therapeutic strategy of transcatheter LAA closure.
Effect of Intradermal Thumbtack Needle for Functional Constipation: Study Protocol for a Real- World Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhao WenQian , Xu Ying , Liao Jingjing , Li Ji , Wang Li , Cao Jingkui , Tang Yishi , Gu Jirui , Li Dehua
Published: November 2021

Background: Many high-quality clinical trials have proved the efficacy of acupuncture in the improving frequency of spontaneous bowel movements, stool characteristics, and et cetera of Functional Constipation (FC) [1]. However, the high requirement of time make many patients unable to attend, this clinical trial will demonstrate the efficacy of intradermal thumbtack needle in ameliorate spontaneous bowel movement of FC.Methods: This multi-center real world clinical trial is performed involving 482 FC patients. All patients are randomly allocated into 2 group, which are group A to receive intradermal thumbtack needle twice a week for 4 weeks (intervention group n=241) or group B to take oral administration of mosapride 3 times a day for 4 weeks (control group n=241). This trial includes a 4-week treatment period and a 4-week follow-up period. The primary outcome is the number of completely spontaneous defecation per week, we use Weekly CSBMs analyze the frequency of spontaneous defecation per week during treatment and follow-up period to compared with the baseline. The secondary outcomes include FC patients’ stool consistence, gastrointestinal or anorectal symptoms, quality of life, anxiety and depression levels during treatment and follow-up period and efficacy expectations. The relevant assessment tools include: Bristol tool Form Scale (BSFS), Cleveland Constipation Score (CCS), Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life Questionnaire(PAC－QOL), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) , Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Efficacy Expectancy Scale. At the end, the scales filled by patients and researchers will be entered by data administrator, all the outcome assessments will be performed by independent outcome assessors and will be analyzed by professional statisticians with SPSS 25.0 software.Discussion: We hypothesize that intradermal needle is better than or equal to positive drugs in the improving frequency of spontaneous bowel movements, stool characteristics，and et cetera of FC patients . The results of this trial will provide us with a clinical basis for the application of intradermal needles in the treatment of FC.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChinCTR2100043684.Registered on 26 February 2021.
Predictors for Development of Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Cancer Patients as Determined by Ordered Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Kanbayashi Yuko , Ishikawa Takeshi , Kuriu Yoshiaki , Tabuchi Yusuke , Otsuji Eigo , Takayama Koichi
Published: November 2021

Purpose This retrospective study aimed to identify predictors for the development of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OXAIPN). Methods Between January 2017 and March 2021, a total 322 cancer patients at our hospital who were receiving oxaliplatin were enrolled. For the regression analysis of factors associated with oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, variables were extracted manually from medical charts. The level of OXAIPN was evaluated using the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5). Multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for the development of OXAIPN. Optimal cut-off thresholds were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Values of P <0.05 (2-tailed) were considered significant. Results Significant factors identified included body mass index (BMI) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.12; P = 0.046), number of cycles (OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.05–1.14; P <0.0001), S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) regimen (OR = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.32–0.92; P = 0.023), concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (OR = 1.64, 95%CI = 1.05–2.58; P = 0.031) and concomitant use of analgesic adjuvant (OR = 3.30, 95%CI = 1.09–9.97; P = 0.035). Conclusion BMI, number of cycles, SOX regimen, concomitant use of PPIs and concomitant use of analgesic drugs were identified as significant predictors for the development of OXAIPN.
PROM SSCOL – Impact of a Papillomavirus Vaccination Promotion Program in Middle School: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: TRAN Phuong Lien , Chirpaz Emmanuel , Boukerrou Malik , Bertolotti Antoine
Published: November 2021

Background: In Reunion Island, incidence and mortality for uterine cervical cancer is high, yet coverage rate for HPV vaccination is low. The main objective of the study is to evaluate, the impact of a health promotion program, promoting HPV vaccination, on the proportion of middle school girls who complete the full HPV vaccination schedule (2 or 3 doses) by the end of school year.Methods: This study is a cluster controlled intervention study using a superiority design. A combined health promotion program will be offered, containing: information to students and parents, training of general practitioners and free school-based vaccination (in a "health bus"). Children who will benefit from this program will constitute the intervention group, and will be compared to children from another middle school who will not benefit from any program, constituting the control group.Discussion: Our hypotheses were as follow : Clear and appropriate information for the target population as well as for their parents, will improve their knowledge about HPV vaccination, and thus increase their adherence to this vaccination ; combining information with vaccination in the school setting will reduce any material obstacles that may prevent the vaccination process; raising awareness among general practitioners will enable them to better understand the benefits and risks of HPV vaccination, and thus encourage families, who naturally trust them, to adhere to the program. Final implication would be an extension of this program in all middle schools of the Island and thus increase HPV vaccination coverage.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04459221