bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Securing Sustainability Through Artificial Intelligence and Blue Economy
Authors: Zaeri Naser
Published: February 2025

The blue economy has gained considerable significance as a critical global catalyst for sustainable economic growth through the practical usage of marine resources. In this context, artificial intelligence researchers can substantially contribute to this growing field of knowledge. This work discusses new technology developments that facilitate the establishment of successful strategies for the digital transformation essential to the blue economy, where the role of artificial intelligence in securing sustainability within the maritime sector is explored. The work further discusses the need for advanced environmental protection and the related economic impacts. Moreover, the study will explain various facets and applications of digitization for the blue economy and sustainability. Furthermore, case studies on implementing new technologies within the context will be explained.
Enhancing Hazardous Waste Management Through the “SIPENGOLAH LIMBAH B3” Innovation
Authors: Nur Andi Cudai , Nur Andi Irwan
Published: February 2025

Effective management of hazardous and toxic waste (B3) is crucial for environmental sustainability and public health protection. This study examines the implementation of the “SIPENGOLAH LIMBAH B3” innovation by the Environmental and Forestry Service of South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Utilizing George C. Edwards III's policy implementation model and Everett M. Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations theory as analytical frameworks, the research evaluates how this technological innovation has enhanced waste management practices, improved service efficiency, increased transparency, and contributed to environmental sustainability. Data were collected through interviews with key stakeholders involved in the program's implementation, including departmental heads and staff members. The findings indicate that the program successfully reduced waste processing times from up to 72 hours to approximately 18 minutes, digitized administrative processes, and minimized errors in waste recording.
Swarm Intelligence-Enhanced Detection of Small Objects Using Key Point-Driven YOLO
Authors: Han Shaolong , Wang Shangrong , Liu Wenqi , Gu YongQiang , Zhang Yujie
Published: February 2025

Traditional object detection methods, such as anchor-based YOLO variants, face challenges due to the irregular shapes and small sizes of these contaminants. This paper introduces a novel approach that leverages swarm Intelligence to enhance the performance of a keypoint-driven YOLO framework. By integrating keypoint detection with Boundary-Aware Vectors (BBAVectors) and utilizing swarm intelligence algorithms for model optimization, our approach improves the localization and identification of small, irregularly shaped non-metallic objects. By optimizing the feature extraction process through swarm-based techniques and incorporating keypoint-driven object detection, our model significantly boosts precision and recall compared to traditional methods. Evaluated on a custom dataset of fiber like materials, our approach achieves a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 92.9% at IoU 0.5, demonstrating strong performance in real-world applications.
Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns of Uropathogens in Hospitalized Patients at Teaching Hospital Jaffna
Authors: Thilukshikka K. , Anuruddha A. N. , Croos M. V. Spelman , Erandi R. , Pravina S. , Kumar R. , Balagobi B. , Rajanthi R. , Ambalavanar V.
Published: February 2025

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in hospital settings. Awareness of local antimicrobial resistance patterns is essential for prudent empirical therapy of urinary tract infections. This study describes the uropathogens isolated, their antibiotic sensitivity patterns and associated factors in adult inpatients with a positive urine culture at Teaching Hospital Jaffna. All positive urine culture reports and relevant request forms of adult inpatients (≥18years) investigated at the Microbiological Unit of Teaching Hospital Jaffna during a three-month period (October 1st to December 31st 2020) were analyzed retrospectively with SPSS v27. Standard descriptive statistics and the chi square test were used (critical value 0.05). Data were extracted from 426 culture reports. Mean age of the sample was 53.2 years (SD 19.9); 47.2% (n=201) of the reports belonged to patients ≥60 years and 60.1% (n=256) were of females. Antibiotics prescribed prior to culture were documented in 183 (43%) reports. The most commonly prescribed empirical antibiotic was co-amoxiclav (24%, n=183). Coliforms were the commonest isolate (63.4%, n=270) and showed resistance to several commonly prescribed antibiotics; antibiotic sensitivity was relatively low to ampicillin (9.5%), ceftriaxone (40%) and amoxicillin (48.1%); highest susceptibility was to meropenem (87.6%). Age group and gender were significantly associated with the type of uropathogen isolated (p≤0.05).Prior antibiotic therapy was common among inpatients with urinary tract infection at the Teaching Hospital Jaffna. Sensitivity patterns suggest that antibiotic resistance is a major concern. Empirical therapy needs to be guided by institutional policies and local sensitivity patterns.
Clear-cell meningioma: An uncommon aggressive variant of meningioma
Authors: Tathe Shilpa P. , Jaiswal Kirti N.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Clear-cell meningioma is a rare subtype, representing 0.2–0.8% of all meningiomas. It is classified as grade 2 according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification due to its aggressive clinical course. Morphologically, it can mimic other clear-cell tumors arising in the central nervous system, each having different clinical behavior, therapeutic protocol, and prognostic outcome.

Aim:

This study aims to describe clinicopathological characteristics of clear-cell meningioma and to discuss the histomorphological features and differential diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:

The demographic, clinical, radiological, histopathological features, and follow-up of the patients were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

Clear-cell meningioma constituted 1.3% of all meningiomas. The age of the patients ranged from 16–46 years (mean age – 27 years), with a slight female predominance. Follow-up varied from six months to six years. Recurrence was noted in four patients while three patients died. Histopathology revealed sheets of clear cells with prominent blocky interstitial and perivascular collagen deposition. Focal vague whorl formation and occasional intranuclear inclusions could be identified on careful search. Conventional meningothelial areas or typical psammoma bodies were not seen.

Conclusion:

Clear-cell meningioma is a rare subtype of meningioma with aggressive behavior. The presence of blocky collagen, a careful search for whorl formation, and intranuclear inclusions are helpful in approaching the correct diagnosis. An interdisciplinary approach by correlating the clinical, radiological, and histological features can enhance the accuracy of diagnosis.
A curious case of a solitary lower lip papule: A case report
Authors: Debnath Rajarshi , Roy Tripti , Das Mou
Published: February 2025

Solitary small painless lower lip lesions are common and can be of variable etiologies, giving rise to a wide number of clinical and histopathological differentials. From a clinico-pathological perspective, the diagnostic differentials may vary from vascular malformation, basal cell carcinoma, epidermal cyst, traumatic neuroma, neurofibroma, schwannoma, neurilemmoma, skin adnexal tumor, to other mucosal neuromas. Here we are reporting one such rare case masquerading as mucocele in a patient aged 37 years who reported first time at the ENT outpatient department. On biopsy and histopathological examination, a diagnosis of palisaded encapsulated neuroma (PEN), an uncommon benign nerve sheath tumor, was made.
Effect of Shoulder Stability Exercises on Functional Hand Grip in Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Authors: Yadav Sanjana Prittam , Kanase Suraj
Published: February 2025

Background:

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the myelin sheaths of the peripheral nervous system. A prevalent factor is the primary weakness of proximal muscles. This weakness in the upper limbs can significantly impact hand function and create challenges when performing daily activities. The focus of this study was to assess the impact of shoulder stability exercises on enhancing functional hand grip in individuals affected by GBS.

Methods:

This randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Neuro Physiotherapy Department of the Krishna Vishwa Vidhyapeeth Deemed University, Karad. A total of 24 participants diagnosed with GBS were enrolled. In this study, subjects were randomly allocated to either the experimental or control groups. The experimental group undertook 45 min exercise sessions for 6 weeks. The shoulder stability exercises involved quadruped static positions, ball holding against the wall, prone static positions, and side sitting on both hands. The control group performed exercises for the upper limb, electrical stimulation, and hand muscle strengthening exercises. Functional outcomes were measured with the help of two tests: the modified sphygmomanometer test (MST) and the Box and Block test (BBT).

Results:

Randomization assigned 12 participants to each group. After 6 weeks, the participants in the experimental group had improved their right- and left-hand grip by 40.9 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.15–51.5) and 29.2 mmHg (95% CI: 19.3–39.3), respectively, more than those in the control group. These participants had also improved their right and left-hand function by 6.5 blocks (95% CI: 4.09–8.90) and 2.16 blocks (95% CI: 0.3–3.9), respectively, more than those in the control group.

Conclusion:

Functional hand grip improved substantially after shoulder stability exercise. The evidence suggests that these exercises optimize hand muscle recruitment by stimulating joint proprioceptors.
Systematic review of artificial intelligence enabled psychological interventions for depression and anxiety: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Joshi Amey C. , Ghogare Ajinkya S. , Madavi Priya B.
Published: February 2025

Psychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety represent significant global health challenges, affecting individuals of all ages and contributing to a substantial disability burden worldwide. Despite advancements in mental health care, barriers such as cost, geographical limits, and social stigma may prevent individuals from receiving early psychological interventions. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a prominent tool to address these issues by facilitating early detection, personalized treatment, and intervention delivery for individuals experiencing depression and anxiety. Hence, the present systematic review focused on AI-enabled conversational chatbots for the identification and management of depression and anxiety. The current systematic review yielded a total of ten studies after a thorough analysis. The majority of studies were randomized controlled trials. The most frequently utilized AI method was conversational AI agents which are chatbots available through online software accessible via computers or smartphones. The investigations revealed significant outcomes by using AI for the enhancement of psychotherapy. The majority of studies showed a low risk (71.67%), indicating their reliability, while unclear studies (15%) exhibited some ambiguity without invalidating results. Conversely, studies classified as high risk (13.33%) indicated significant bias and potential errors. Chatbots have emerged as an effective medium for self-help depression and anxiety management. Studies have revealed significant positive outcomes, showing the potential of AI augmentation in psychotherapy to reduce clinical symptomatology. Notably, chatbot-delivered therapies have proven to be more successful than limited bibliotherapy, demonstrating their ability to effectively reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety while encouraging a stronger therapeutic alliance among participants.
Assessment of psychological flow as a predictor of psychological exhaustion among educational counselor using the Flow State Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Educators Survey: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alkfare-Alkferi Wedad Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Background:

With the demanding nature of educational counseling, understanding the interplay between psychological states such as psychological flow and psychological exhaustion is crucial for counselor well-being. Previous research has highlighted the defensive role of a heightened psychological flow in mitigating psychological burnout emphasizing the need to explore this relationship. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological flow and psychological exhaustion among educational counselors using the Flow State Scale (FSS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Educators Survey (MBI-ES).

Methods:

A total of 30 educational counselors were purposively (randomly) selected ensuring diversity across educational settings. The FSS scores measured the psychological flow, whereas the MBI-ES scores assessed the psychological exhaustion among the participants. Demographic data, counseling experience, and educational backgrounds were collected. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and multiple regression analysis were applied for the comparison of the data obtained.

Results:

The participants demonstrated diverse demographic profiles with a balanced gender distribution and varied counseling experiences and educational backgrounds. Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed negative correlation between the mean FSS scores (psychological flow) and the mean MBI-ES scores (psychological exhaustion) for the total sample, as well as in case of both the male and female respondents individually, indicating an inverse relationship between psychological flow and psychological exhaustion in the sample studied.

Conclusion:

The present study provides valuable insights into the inverse relationship between psychological flow and psychological exhaustion among educational counselors. The observations made in the present study have practical implications for interventions aimed at enhancing counselors’ psychological well-being by fostering positive psychological states. However, in future, more longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal relationships because of the cross-sectional nature of the present study.
Strangulated Intestinal Obstruction due to Appendiceal Tourniquet: A Case Report
Authors: Camara Kajali , Roberts Charles A. , Minteh Lamin S. , Manneh Ndumbeh
Published: February 2025

Intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency. It has many causes, which may be either benign or malignant. However, appendicitis is not a common cause of intestinal obstruction, hence the challenge in making a diagnosis. Radiological and clinical diagnoses of this could be difficult; hence, diagnosis is mostly intraoperative. This case study involved a 54-year-old male, who presented at Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital with features of acute intestinal obstruction for 5 days. During surgery, a gangrene of a loop of the bowel was found with an inflamed and partly gangrenous appendix, forming a tourniquet around the loop of the bowel. Appendicectomy and resection of the gangrenous bowel were performed. The postoperative period was uneventful. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 12. We publish this case report to add to the existing literature. In addition, no such case has been reported in the subregion. Appendicitis is not common in the age group in our case study, which makes it different from other cases presented in literature.
Giant Pituitary Adenoma Presenting with Craniovertebral Junction Instability: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Patel Adarsh , Shah Nishit , Deopujari Chandrasekhar E. , Mohanty Chandan B.
Published: February 2025

A 47-year-old man presented with a large midline skull base lesion, with panclival erosion leading to a very rare event of CV junction instability causing severe neck pain and movement restriction as the predominant symptom presented. Sub-total excision of the lesion through the endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal transclival approach followed by occiput-C2-C3 fixation was successfully performed as a one-stage procedure. Although the initial hormonal evaluation showed normal values, serial dilution confirmed very high prolactin levels. Careful evaluation for instability and the importance of the serial dilution method for prolactin levels is emphasized for proper treatment. We present an extremely rare scenario of invasive giant pituitary adenoma and review the pertinent literature.
Long-Term Functional and Tumor Outcomes Following Uni-Nostril Endoscopic Surgery for Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas: Results in 172 Patients
Authors: Baldia Manish , D’Souza Wilson P. , Girishan Shabari , Asha Hesarghatta S. , Backianathan Selvamani , Rajaratnam Simon , Rajshekhar Vedantam
Published: February 2025

Background:

Long-term functional and tumor outcomes in patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) are not well documented.

Objective:

To study factors influencing the extent of resection (EOR) and long-term visual, hormonal, and tumor outcomes following uni-nostril endoscopic surgery in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.

Methods:

In total 172 patients, with ≥1 year follow-up, operated between 2005 and 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Risk factors were analyzed, with logistic regression analysis, for EOR and long-term visual and hormonal outcomes. Recurrence rates were correlated with EOR and adjuvant radiation therapy (RT).

Results:

Gross total resection (GTR) or near total resection (NTR) was achieved in 120 (69.7%) patients. Higher Knosp grade and previous surgery were associated with lower EOR (P = 0.02 and 0.004, respectively). On long-term follow-up (mean, 72.5 months), visual impairment score improved in 59.4% and remained the same in 38.5% of patients. The hormonal axis remained the same in 55.8% and worsened in 39.5% of patients. The 10-year recurrence rate for patients who had NTR of the tumor was 0% with RT and 63.2% without RT. Overall, the 10-year recurrence rate in the non-RT group was higher (51.2%) than the RT group (3.2%) (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Long-term visual outcome following uni-nostril surgery for NFPA is excellent or good in over 80% of patients but most patients need life-long hormonal replacement therapy. RT following surgery is associated with excellent tumor control in patients undergoing less than a GTR, but it leads to higher rates of pituitary dysfunction.
Effect of COVID-19 Related Social Isolation on Cognitive Decline in Neurocognitive Disorder Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Landsteiner Isabela , Pinheiro Jonathan A. , Leles Vieira de Souza Bruna , Setti Frizon Dione M. , Federighi Baisi Chagas Eduardo , Marques Payão Spencer L.
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 lockdown placed individuals at significant risk of social isolation. Particularly, older people were more vulnerable to the deleterious effects on mental and physical health caused by the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine, in which social confinement was associated with aggravated cognitive function among older adults. Correspondingly, it concerns the repercussions of the lockdown on the cognitive function of patients with dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) during the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the hypothesis that COVID-19 might cause cognitive decline in dementia patients due to social isolation by assessing changes in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores between the pre and post-pandemic era. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for eligible studies from inception to April 2023. We included studies reporting the MMSE in patients with dementia or MCI one year prior to the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and one year after the lockdown. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled with a random-effects model. Among 4,160 studies, twelve were included, comprising 4,096 patients with dementia or MCI. Patients with dementia exhibited significant MMSE decline compared to pre-pandemic levels (SMD = 0.341, P < 0.001). Similarly, MCI patients demonstrated an MMSE decline during lockdown (SMD = 0.315, P = 0.015). Sub-analyses of dementia types also indicated cognitive decline during lockdown, and a 12-month follow-up revealed an MMSE decline among dementia patients. During the COVID-19 lockdown, there was an overall decline in MMSE scores amongst those with dementia or MCI when compared to pre-pandemic parameters.
Epidemiology and Prehospital Characteristics of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Requiring Emergency Surgical Intervention: Survey from a Level I Neuro-Trauma Care Center
Authors: Baby Priya , Tyagi Gaurav , Srinivas Dwarakanath
Published: February 2025

Background:

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) pose a major public health challenge to the Indian health system. The trajectory of patients from the site of injury to definitive management needs to be understood to improve prehospital management.

Objective:

We conducted a prospective survey to review the epidemiological and pre-hospital characteristics of TBI patients requiring emergency surgical intervention at a level I neuro-trauma care center.

Methods and Materials:

Patients who underwent emergency neurosurgical management for TBI at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS, Bangalore) between June 2021 and December 2021 were included in the study.

Results:

A total of 214 patients were included in the study (86% males). The most common cause of TBI was road traffic accidents (70%) which involved a motorized two-wheeler in 87% of the cases. No safety gear was used in 87% of the road traffic accidents. The median delay in first contact with any medical facility was 60 min. The median time of seeking care at NIMHANS was 6 h and 50 min after the injury. More than one-third of the patients had visited two or more health facilities before reaching NIMHANS for treatment.

Conclusion:

Road traffic accidents without safety gear constitute the major cause of TBIs requiring emergency surgery. A major challenge exists in prehospital care and organized hospital transfer of acute TBI patients requiring emergency surgery.
A Pilot Study of Enterade (VS001), an Oral Amino Acid Formulation, in Malnourished Bangladeshi Children with Environmental Enteric Dysfunction
Authors: Alam Masud , Ferdous Tahsin , Ara Rifat , Siddique Abdulla , Kabir Mamun , Haque Rashidul , Donowitz Jeffrey R.
Published: February 2025

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subacute syndrome characterized by increased intestinal inflammation and permeability that affects children in low-income countries. It is associated with growth and neurodevelopmental deficits, and there is currently no known treatment for EED. VS001 (AmiLyfe Bioscience, LLC, Norwood, MA) is a medical food (beverage) containing free amino acids that has been shown to decrease enteric inflammation and improve gut permeability in murine models. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to assess the acceptability and tolerability of VS001 in Bangladeshi children aged 1–2 years (n = 10 per arm). We also examined the effects on EED biomarkers (lactulose–mannitol (LM) ratio, fecal lactoferrin, alpha-antitrypsin, myeloperoxidase, and neopterin). Participants received 8 oz. of VS001 or an identical vehicle without amino acids daily for 14 days. Tolerability and acceptability were measured using parental surveys and daily in-home adverse event monitoring. Subjects took an average of 118 minutes to complete the dose each day. Caregivers found the product convenient and easy to administer and either agreed or strongly agreed that they would give this product to their child again. None reported that the intervention negatively affected their child’s appetite. There were three mild adverse events deemed possibly related to the intervention, with two occurring in the active arm and one in the control arm. Children in the active arm exhibited a nonsignificant decrease in LM ratios (a marker of intestinal permeability) after treatment compared with the control arm (0.19–0.08 versus 0.19–0.17; P = 0.16). VS001 was acceptable to parents and reasonably well tolerated. Given the decrease in permeability observed in the active arm, a larger trial is warranted.
Numerical Analysis of Capillary Performance of Various Lattice Structures for Vapor Chamber Application
Authors: Sundararaj Senthilkumar , Hudge Ajay , Basuroy Suhashini , Kang Shung-Wen
Published: February 2025

Additive manufacturing has made it possible for the design of increasingly complex structures that require precise manufacturing. This may be particularly beneficial for heat pipe and vapor chamber design – particularly for the wick structure, a very important component. This study uses numerical simulation to analyze three different types of lattice structures of increasing complexity, in terms of their capillary performance. This is one of the most important parameters which determine the wick efficacy. Simple cubic, Column and Octet lattice models are computationally designed and CFD is used to simulate capillary action in a pipe of 0.4 mm inner radius for 2 milliseconds, after validation of the numerical model with existing experimental results. It is found that the Octet lattice (with the most complex inner structure) has the greatest capillary rise in the same amount of time. The rate of rise is not uniform for any structure, but is highest for Octet. This study demonstrates the feasibility of CFD analysis of architected materials and other complex structures, and the efficacy of lattice structures as heat pipe and vapor chamber wicks, with the advantages of additive manufacturing.
Characterization of Mechanical, Thermal, and Chemical Properties of Natural Fiber Composites: A Case Study of Bamboo Leaves and Coconut Leaves
Authors: D R Rajkumar , O Vivin Lenin , R Saktheevel , S Edwin Roshan
Published: February 2025

The research project focused on investigating the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of composite plates made from bamboo leaves and coconut leaves reinforced with epoxy resin that has received limited attention in previous studies. The bamboo and coconut leaves underwent alkaline treatment, were thoroughly washed with distilled water, and dried in sunlight for 24 hours. For the fabrication of three composite plates, Hand lay up method was employed according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The compositions of the composite plates were varied as first Composition has 25 wt% bamboo leaves, 25 wt% coconut leaves and 50 wt% resin, the Second Composition has 30 wt% bamboo leaves, 30 wt% coconut leaves, and 40 wt% resin and the third composition has 35 wt% bamboo leaves, 35 wt% coconut leaves, and 30 wt% resin. Tensile test, shear and flexural tests helped determine the tensile strength, shear strength, and flexural strength of the composite materials. Additionally, Thermo- gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed according to ASTM E- 1131 to assess the degradation temperature of the composite plates. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were also conducted to identify the functional groups of the organic materials present with in the composite plates. The outcomes of this research are anticipated to contribute to a more sustainable utilization of waste bamboo and coconut leaves.
Influence of Fibre Weight Fraction on the Mechanical Characteristics of the Caryota Urens Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite
Authors: Santhanam K , Raja K. , Naveen M , Saranbala M , M Naveenkumar
Published: February 2025

The present study aims to assess the tensile properties of Caryota urens fibre reinforced polyester composites. Composites were fabricated with different fiber weight fractions starting from 5% to 35% with 5% increment. The mechanical testing of composite material was conducted using ASTM standards. The results indicated that the tensile, impact, and flexural properties of composite material were increased up to 25% fiber weight fraction; after that, they have been reduced due to some factors, like fiber distribution, which may not be uniform, and adhesion between fiber and matrix may be reduced. The optimal weight fraction of caryota urens fiber found from this study is 25%. The maximum tensile, impact, and flexural strength obtained for the composites were 36.22 MPa, 62.21 MPa, and 0.224 N/m, respectively. Water absorption characteristics show the increase of water intake behavior of composites due to their hydrophobic nature.
Advanced AI Tools for Haste Alloy Machining: ANFIS Approach to Advanced Machining Optimization
Authors: Pasupuleti Thejasree , Natarajan Manikandan , Ramesh Naik Mude , Somsole Lakshmi Narayana , Silambarasan R
Published: February 2025

The intention of this exploration is to evolve an optimization method for the Electrochemical Machining (ECM) process on Haste alloy material, taking into account various performance characteristics. The optimization relies on the amalgamation of the Taguchi method with an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Haste alloy is extensively utilized in the aerospace, nuclear, marine, and car sectors, specifically in situations that are prone to corrosion. The experimental trials are organized based on Taguchi's principles and involve three machining variables: feed rate, electrolyte flow rate, and electrolyte concentration. This examination examines performance indicators, including the pace at which material is removed and the roughness of the surface. It also includes geometric factors such as overcut, shape, and tolerance for orientation. The results suggest that the rate at which the feed is supplied is the most influential element affecting the necessary performance standards. For improving the accuracy of predictions, numerous regression models are created and performance metrics are constructed. A validation test was performed to authenticate the findings acquired through the ANFIS methodology. The test outcomes show that the suggested strategy is considerably more efficient than earlier approaches.
Enhancing Disc Brake Performance: Investigating Squeal Noise, Wear, and the Application of Functionally Graded Materials in Brake Rotors
Authors: C V Prasshanth , S Gurumoorthy , Bhaskara Rao Lokavarapu , S Sridhar , S Badri Narayanan , Kumar Ajay , Biswas Sayan
Published: February 2025

Disc brakes play a vital role in automotive braking systems, offering a dependable and effective means of decelerating or halting a vehicle. The disc brake assembly functions by converting the vehicle's kinetic energy into thermal energy through friction. The performances of the brake assembly and user experience are significantly impacted by squeal noise and wear behaviour. This paper delves into the fundamental mechanisms behind squeal noise and assesses the wear performance of the disc brake assembly. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are an innovative type of composite material, characterized by gradual variations in composition and structure throughout their volume, leading to changes in properties such as mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance. FGMs have emerged as a groundbreaking solution in the design and manufacturing of brake rotors, addressing significant challenges related to thermal stress, wear resistance, and overall performance. These studies evaluate the noise and wear behaviour of disc brake assemblies made with FGMs. The paper also investigates the application of FGMs in brake rotors, highlighting their distinctive properties and the advantages they offer to automotive braking systems. The study underscores the importance of further research and development to fully leverage the benefits of FGMs in enhancing brake system performance.
Gear Misalignment Optimization for Electric Drive Unit Using Machine Learning Based Prescriptive Analytics
Authors: Penumatsa Venkata Ramana Raju , Thomas Benson , Black Derrick , Jain Sachin
Published: February 2025

In Electric vehicle Drive Unit Gears, high mesh misalignments result in shift in load distribution of a gear pair that can increase contact and bending stresses. It can move the peak bending and contact stresses to the edge of the face width and increase gear noise as well. Lower misalignment value is often required to reduce the peak bending and contact stresses and have a balanced load distribution along the gear flank, which in turn helps in reducing noise and improving durability of drive unit.

This paper delineates Prescriptive Analytics method that combines virtual simulations, Machine learning (ML) and optimization techniques to minimize different gear misalignments for the electric vehicle drive units. Generally, the manual optimization process is carried out by sequential modifications of stiffness of individual components. However, this process is time consuming and does not account for interactions between the components. In this study, firstly, Machine learning models are developed based on design of experiments (DOE) simulations. These ML models are used as surrogates for actual simulations in generic algorithms (Differential Evolution) based optimization techniques. It finally prescribes changes in stiffness of different components to get optimum misalignment value.
A Novel Approach to develop the Exhaust Backpressure Measurement System for Automotive Application
Authors: Mandal Goutam , Biswas Sanjoy
Published: February 2025

Backpressure is one of key acoustic performance evaluation criteria of exhaust muffler (or Silencer) /EATS (Exhaust after treatment system) as well as for the exhaust system. Exhaust back pressure is an important parameter for fuel efficiency of a vehicle. Typically, the engine manufacturer specifies an upper limit for this. Usually, exhaust back pressure is measured during the driving condition of the vehicle at maximum power condition of the engine either on road or on chassis dynamometer. Both these methods, need a lot of preparatory works, test setup arrangement, 3 or more manpower and special skills.

In this research, authors are tried to develop a new backpressure measurement set up for automotive vehicle application, which is simple and innovative, to fulfill the backpressure test requirement. In this design, mainly following devices are used namely Pitot tube, Compressed air, Manometer (or pressure gauge), Thermocouple, Fluke thermometer, along with standalone exhaust layout. Two numbers of case studies done to verify the usefulness and effectiveness of measurement system and set up with respect to the present backpressure measurement methods. The proposed method found helpful in simplifying the task (Back-Pressure measurement) to a great extent along with significant time saving. Also, it shows the measurement accuracy level of around 97% in reference to existing methods. This method can be extended to different vehicle platforms with different engine size. The proposed method is also suitable to develop product (i.e. -Exhaust System layout) through optimization based on Design of Experiments (DoE).
A Comparative Study on Fault Diagnosis of Electrical Vehicle Motor Testing Machine Gear Components Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: S Ravikumar , Syed Shaul , V Muralidharan , D Pradeep Kumar
Published: February 2025

Electric vehicles (EVs) are paving the way for future mobility, with drive motors playing a central role in their efficiency and performance. Motor testing machines are crucial for validating EV motors, yet flaws in testing equipment, such as gear issues, often lead to operational disruptions. This study aims to enhance motor testing by implementing machine learning and vibration signal analysis to detect gear faults early. Using statistical feature extraction and classifiers like Quadratic SVM and Bagged Trees, the collected vibration signals are categorized as normal or faulty under loaded (0.275 kW) and no-load conditions. Performance comparison reveals the Bagged Trees algorithm's superior accuracy of 95.3%. This approach offers an intelligent, preventive maintenance solution, improving the motor test bench’s reliability.
Optimum Scheduling of a Multi-Machine FMS with Alternative Routing Using Crow Search Algorithm
Authors: Mareddy Padma Lalitha , Reddy K Ajaya , Katta Lakshmi Narasimhamu , Siva Rami Reddy Narapureddy
Published: February 2025

This article addresses the machines and automated guided vehicles (AGVs) concurrent scheduling with alternative machines in a multi-machine flexible manufacturing system (FMS) in order to provide the best optimum sequences for the minimization of makespan (MKSN).The assignment of AGVs and related trips, such as the dead headed trip and loaded trip times of AGVs to jb-ons, as well as the decision to select machines for job-operations (jb-ons) and the sequencing of jb-ons on the machines, make this problem extremely difficult to solve. This paper offers a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation for modeling the problem, as well as the crow search algorithm (CSA) to solve the problem. For verification, a manufacturing company's industrial problem is employed. The findings indicate that CSA performs better than the existing techniques, and that the utilization of alternative machines for the operations can bring the MKSN and cost down.
Investigating the Influence of Fiber Orientation on the Natural Frequency of Laminated Composite Plates
Authors: N Suhas , C V Prasshanth , U Anish Kumar , Bhaskara Rao Lokavarapu
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the frequency response characteristics of laminated composite rectangular plates, focusing on the influence of fiber orientation. The composite plates, composed of 12 layers of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites (GFRP), were chosen for their superior mechanical properties and broad applicability in engineering fields, including the automotive sector. In automotive engineering, these composites are valued for their lightweight properties and high strength, contributing to enhanced performance and fuel efficiency. The analysis employed a combination of finite element methods and Taguchi experimental design techniques to understand how fiber orientation affects the dynamic behavior of these plates. To systematically explore the impact of fiber orientation on the frequency response, the study utilized Taguchi's orthogonal array design. Specifically, the L9 (3^3) and L16 (4^4) orthogonal arrays were employed to structure the experimental runs effectively. These arrays minimize the number of experimental trials while ensuring a comprehensive exploration of the parameter space. Each group of three or four plies was treated as a control factor, with fiber orientation angles varied from 7.5 to 90 degrees. This range was chosen to encompass a wide spectrum of possible orientations, providing a thorough investigation. To identify the optimal fiber orientations for maximizing the frequency response, the study employed signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis. This technique is integral to Taguchi methods, quantifying the robustness of the design by measuring the deviation of the response from the desired target. Higher S/N ratios correspond to better performance and stability, guiding the selection of optimal fiber orientations. Additionally, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to discern the statistical significance and contribution percentages of the control factors influencing the frequency response. This statistical tool was crucial in identifying the most influential parameters and their respective contributions. The combined use of finite element modeling, Taguchi design techniques, S/N ratio analysis, and ANOVA culminated in a comprehensive understanding of the frequency response characteristics of laminated composite plates. The findings highlight the critical role of fiber orientation in enhancing the frequency response of GFRP composite plates. Optimizing fiber orientation in composite materials can significantly improve vehicle performance by reducing vibrations and enhancing structural integrity.
Innovative Design and Comprehensive Computational Investigations on the Performance Enhancement of Advanced Horizontal Axis Turbines for Unmanned Marine Vehicles
Authors: Gunasekaran Durga Devi , Kannan Haridharan , Sourirajan Laxana , Vinayagam Gopinath , Gnanasekaran Raj Kumar , Kulandaiyappan Naveen Kumar , Stanislaus Arputharaj Beena , L Natrayan , Raja Vijayanandh
Published: February 2025

The integration of advanced horizontal axis turbines (HATs) into unmanned marine vehicles (UMVs) significantly enhances their operational efficiency by providing power sources. These vehicles, designed for diverse applications, require efficient power systems to operate autonomously over extended periods. The major disadvantages are limited battery life and energy storage capabilities that restrict the operational range and endurance of the UMVs. Utilizing HATs in UMVs provides a renewable energy source, reducing operational costs. This continuous power supply enhances mission capabilities and promotes energy independence, making them ideal for long-term missions. Thus, using Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, hydrodynamic and aerodynamic analyses were carried out. For the hydrodynamic scenario, a velocity of 10 m/s and for the aerodynamic case, 27.7778 m/s, were taken into consideration. It is concluded that the UMV with Stepped HAT modification can be effectively employed for energy extraction because it provides the maximum torque, which is 50.65% more in hydrodynamic analysis and 58.03% more in aerodynamic study than the base case. It was also found that the performance was enhanced by the HATs, thus concluding that the modified HAT blades provided better results.
Enhancing Thermal Performance of Trapezoidal Porous Medium Solar Ponds Experimental and Numerical Analysis
Authors: J Vinoth Kumar
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the potential of salt gradient solar ponds (SGSPs) as a sustainable and effective solution for thermal energy storage. The study examines the design, construction, and performance of SGSP systems that incorporate coal cinder, comparing their performance with traditional SGSPs without coal cinder. A combination of experimental and numerical approaches is used to evaluate the thermal characteristics and energy efficiency of these systems. The findings indicate that the salt gradient solar pond with coal cinder (SGSP-CC) achieves notably higher temperatures across the Upper Convective Zone (UCZ), Non-Convective Zone (NCZ), and Lower Convective Zone (LCZ), with measured temperatures of 42.57°C, 56.8°C, and 69.86°C, respectively. These represent increases of 7.53%, 12.01%, and 15.49% over those in the conventional SGSP (SGSP-C). Additionally, the energy efficiency gains in the UCZ, NCZ, and LCZ for the SGSP-CC are noteworthy, with increases of 38.06%, 39.61%, and 42.73%, respectively, compared to the SGSP-C. The numerical simulations align closely with the experimental data, showing deviations of less than 5% in both temperature distribution and energy efficiency across all zones. This research highlights the potential of SGSPs with reflectors for improved thermal storage efficiency.
Pravica do združitve družine in merila jezikovne integracije
Authors: Samobor Ana
Published: February 2025

The Family Reunification Directive (2003/86/EC) sets out common European standards in the field of the family reunification of third-country nationals, but leaves certain regulatory decisions to the Member States. One of these decisions is the introduction of (linguistic) integration measures for  third-country nationals and their family members. In the light of the right to family life, the paper outlines the legal framework in the area of family reunification and highlights the limits set by human rights standards to the establishment of such integration measures. In doing so, it focuses on the recent amendments to the Slovenian Aliens Act, which make the extension of a residence permit for family reunification conditional on a "survival-level" knowledge of Slovenian, and places them in the broader context of the European trend towards stricter integration criteria.
Glena bipennaria bipennaria and Apatelodes pandara (Lepidoptera): new defoliating insects associated with Khaya in Brazil
Authors: Covre Luana de Souza , Haack Robert A. , Flechtmann Carlos Alberto Hector
Published: February 2025

The expansion of African mahogany (Khaya spp.) plantations in Brazil has led to an increase in the number of associated insect pests. Here we report the first instances of defoliating caterpillars [Glena bipennaria bipennaria (Guenée) (Geometridae) and Apatelodes pandara Druce (Apatelodidae)] on commercial stands of African mahogany in Brazil, specifically Khaya grandifoliola C. DC. and Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. Glena b. bipennaria was the dominant defoliator in all stands, with A. pandara only found in K. senegalensis stands. We provide data on seasonal development, defoliation severity, and natural enemies. It is currently unclear whether the Glena b. bipennaria outbreak reported is an isolated incident or will become more common in the future. Serious insect outbreaks, particularly those caused by defoliating caterpillars, only became frequent several decades after the introduction of Eucalyptus species to Brazil. African mahogany species were introduced much more recently, suggesting that additional native insects may adapt to these new exotic Khaya species in the coming years.
Forecasting the evolution of the current unrest of Campi Flegrei by defining anomalies through experts’ elicitation
Authors: Ferrara Salvatore , Selva Jacopo , Sandri Laura , Marzocchi Warner , Elicitation VI Working Group: Elicitation VI Working Group: , Acocella Valerio , Bagagli Matteo , Bianco Francesca , Borgstrom Sven , Caliro Stefano , Capaccioni Bruno , Castellano Mario , Chiodini Giovanni , Crescentini Luca , D’Auria Luca , D’Antonio Massimo , De Cesare Walter , De Martino Prospero , Del Pezzo Edoardo , Esposito Antonietta , Galluzzo Danilo , Garg Deepak , Giudicepietro Flora , La Rocca Mario , Longo Antonella , Mangiacapra Annarita , Montagna Chiara , Orazi Massimo , Papale Paolo , Peluso Rosario , Petrillo Zaccaria , Petrosino Simona , Ricciolino Patrizia , Rouwet Dmitri , Sandri Laura , Scarpa Roberto , Tammaro Umberto , Todesco Micol , Zaccarelli Lucia
Published: February 2025

The Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy, is considered one of the most high-risk volcanic areas on the planet due to its location within the metropolitan area of Naples. Campi Flegrei caldera is currently undergoing unrest. The unrest is linked to an uplift phase that started in 2005, which is accompanied by gas emissions and volcano-tectonic seismicity. Owing to the limited knowledge of the plumbing system and the pre-eruptive processes, tracking the evolution of a volcanic unrest is often based on probabilities obtained by experts’ elicitation. In this work, we present the daily variation of the probability that the unrest is driven by a shallow magma movement and the monthly probability of eruption based on the Bayesian Event Tree for Eruption Forecasting (BET_EF) model calibrated for Campi Flegrei by means of the outcomes of the VI experts’ elicitation carried out in 2015. The results show that according to the interpretive framework provided by experts, the probability that the mechanism behind the current unrest is shallow magma movements is not negligible, but the monthly probability of eruption remained overall constant during the entire period.