bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulating the Behavior of Reservoirs with Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Alakeely Abdullah , Horne Roland N.
Published: January 2020

Recent experience in applying recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to interpreting Permannt Downhole Gauge (PDG) records has highlighted the potential utility of machine learning algorithms to learn reservoir behavior from data. The power of the RNN resides in its ability to retain information in a form of memory of previous patterns and information contained in the previous behavior of phenomena being modeled. This memory plays a role of informing the decision at the present time by using what happened in the past. This property suggests RNNs as a suitable choice to model sequences of reservoir information, even when the reservoir modeler is faced with incomplete knowledge of the underlying physical system.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are another variant of machine learning algorithms that have shown promise in sequence modeling domains, such as audio synthesis and machine translation. In this study, RNN and CNN were applied to tasks that traditionally would be modeled by a reservoir simulator. This was achieved by formulating the relationship between physical quantities of interest from subsurface reservoirs as a sequence mapping problem. In addition, the performance of a CNN layer as compared to RNN was evaluated systematically to investigate their capabilities in a variety of tasks of interest to the reservoir engineer.

Preliminary results suggest that CNNs, with specific design modifications, are as capable as RNNs in modeling sequences of information and as reliable when making inferences to cases that has not been seen by the algorithm during training. Design details and reasons pertaining to the way these two seemingly different architectures process information, and handle memory are also discussed.
Porous Limestone Formation Stimulation Using Deep Penetrating Acidizing Technique for Both Injectors and Producers
Authors: Lu Yan , Wang Da , Liang Jiabo , Feng Puyong , Shao Shangqi , Wang Chao
Published: January 2020

Matrix acidizing is commonly used to enhance the production of damaged wells. As to undamaged wells, it is commonly believed that matrix acidizing can hardly enhance their productivity or injectivity. In Iraq X Oilfield, the acidizing operations for four undamaged wells have failed to enhance their performances, which seemed to meet this assupmtion.

A novel deep penetrating long wormhole creation acidizing technique has been proposed and tested in X Oilfield to stimulate these undamaged wells. In comparison with averaged acidizing technique, it can create a much deeper dominant wormhole by applying a much larger acid volume and pumping rate so as to further enhance the well's productivity or injectivity. Very important, it applies a new type of solvent that can better remove asphalt from the rock surface to facilitate the rock-acid reaction and a retarded acid system to make sure the acid can go deeper into the formation.

This novel technique has been tested in all of the fore-mentioned three production wells and one injection well, which have been failed by averaged acidizing technique before. For these three production wells, the production enhancement ratio after using averaged acidizing technique was only 7% on average. However, the well test result for one of these wells showed that despite the low production enhancement, the post stimulation skin factor is −2.08, which showed that the near wellbore pollution had already been removed by the average acidizing technique. Then they were treated with deep penetrating acidizing technique and the production increased correspondingly. In addition, for the injection well, after averaged acidizing technique treatment, the injectivity index quickly decreased from 252m3/(d.Mpa) to 95m3/(d.Mpa) in only two months. However, after the deep penetrating technique operation, the injection pressure stabilizes at 0 injection pressure for more than 9 months with the same injection rate.

This new technique has been the first time tried in this porous limestone formation to stimulate undamaged wells after the failure using averaged acidizing technique. Though first tried in this Iraqi Oilfield, it can be extraopolated to other oilfields with similar limestone formation around the world.
Octree Volume: Reducing the Burden in Analyzing Spectral Decomposition Data
Authors: Al-Dossary Saleh , Wang Jinsong
Published: January 2020

Spectral decomposition has commonly been applied to interpret discrete stratigraphic features by decoding full frequency seismic volumes into each discrete frequency. It typically produces a large number of seismic data volumes that illuminate subsurface structures with different frequency focus. Visualizing and interpreting large numbers of volumes individually is a cumbersome process so it is advantageous to integrate selected discrete frequency volumes back together to highlight events that are indistinct in the original seismic volume. This paper introduces the "Octree Volume", which integrates multiple volumes into a single volume that contains all the individual content to enhance interpretation efficiency.
Determining NOx And SOx Emissions by Soft Sensor
Authors: Bangert Patrick
Published: January 2020

The NOx and SOx output of a combined heat and power plant is studied with the aim of replacing the physical sensor array with a mathematical formula that can compute the emissions rather than measure them. The model is determined using machine learning from historical measurements and uses neural networks. As the model can be cheaply deployed, will not drift, and will not malfunction or fail, the model has significant added value over a physical sensor. We find that the accuracy of the model is comparable to the accuracy of the measurement and is thus suitable for a full replacement.
Improving Completion Reliability by Integrating ESPs, Intelligent Completion and Zonal Downhole Monitoring Using a Compact Horizontal Wellhead
Authors: Jacob Suresh , Al-Nakhli Maithem , Munir Muhammad
Published: January 2020

The paper presents an oil well completion integrating multilaterals, intelligent completions, permanent downhole monitoring systems, electric submersible pump (ESP) and a horizontal wellhead system. The reliability of the completion was improved by using a concentric tubing system that avoided the use of a downhole wet connect tool to disconnect the intelligent completion control lines during ESP workovers. The concentric production tubing design enabled the separation of the intelligent completion from the ESP tubing. The intelligent completion was installed as a first run with a big bore 7 inch tubing in the upper section. The ESP was later installed inside the 7 inch tubing as a second trip. This separation between the intelligent completion and the ESP production tubing enables ESP workover without disturbing the control lines of the intelligent completion. Each of the technologies used in this well are well-established in the industry and have extensive track record but industry survey indicate that the case presented in this paper is the world's first completion integrating all this technology in a single installation. This unique and challenging integration was required to meet well requirements and to build field experiences for future applications in more challenging environments that require ESPs and intelligent completions. The paper discusses the drivers for this integrated completion, completion design, individual equipment, preparation, field experience during installation and the performance of the system during production. Three simulated cases of inflow optimization are presented to show the capability of intelligent completion to monitor and optimize inflow without well intervention. The paper also presents details of the special compact horizontal wellhead that integrated the multiple tubing hangers and wellhead spools while maintaining the overall height of the wellhead. The completion has been successfully installed and the lessons are being applied in designing future installations.
Environmentally Preferable Smart Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Dhulipala Prasad , Wyatt Melanie , Armstrong Charles
Published: January 2020

The oil and gas industry uses chemicals like acids and oxidizers as polymer breakers in hydraulic fracturing and triazene and glyoxal for H2S mitigation. In addition to serving the intended purpose, the chemicals cause secondary effects like non-specific oxidation, acid corrosion, precipitation and danger to oil field personal. We present novel, environmentally preferable chemistries to address various issues in the oil and gas industry.

The studies using -Mannanase HT enzyme as polymer breaker showed breaking of cross-linked guar polymers at elevated pH (7-12) and temperature ( 175°F) ranges. Chlorophyll-treated cross-linked fluids showed more than 90% viscosity reduction. The chlorophyll worked efficiently up to 250°F, but the optimum temperatures are at 175 to 200°F. The chlorophyll treatment also showed a reduction of molecular weights of a linear polymer from 1,472,000 to 6,000. Further, H2S mitigation was addressed using a novel recombinant Sulfide Quinone Reductase enzyme (SQR). Functional studies conducted by treatment of soured brine and oil revealed 72% and 90% reduction in H2S concentration, respectively. The scavenger showed 75% reduction of sulfide in simulated mixed production samples containing a 30:70 ratio of brine to oil. Field testing of SQR showed a reduction of headspace sulfide from 400 ppm to 2 ppm and BS&W values less than 0.5%.

These studies confirm that this novel biotechnology based environmentally preferable tools can be successfully used to break polymers and mitigate H2S in various systems. Further, the biotechnology solutions have several advantages such as meeting environmental regulations, reducing, or eliminating secondary effects and health hazards that are associated with current chemical treatments.
Comparative Analysis Between Different Artificial Based Models for Predicting Static Poisson’s Ratio of Sandstone Formations
Authors: Gowida Ahmed , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Moussa Tamer
Published: January 2020

The mechanical behavior of the rocks can greatly assist in optimizing the drilling operation and well completion design. This behavior can be expressed in terms of Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Reliable Poisson’s ratio values can be estimated experimentally from core measurements however this method consumes time and economically ineffective.

This study involved the development of two models using neural networks (ANN) and fuzzy logic to estimate static Poisson’s ratio (PRstatic) of sandstone rocks based on the conventional well-log data including bulk density and sonic log data. The models are developed using 692 of actual data core data and the corresponding logging data. The models are optimized after several runs of the different combinations of the available tuning parameters.

The results showed that the neural network model outperformed the model developed using the fuzzy logic tool and yielded a great match with correlation coefficient (R) of 0.98 and AAPE of 1.5% between the predicted and measured PRstatic values. The developed ANN-based model is then validated using unseen data from another well within the field to estimate PRstatic over a certain interval. The validation process results showed a significant agreement with correlation coefficient (R) of 0.95 between the predicted PRstatic values and the actual measured ones. The results demonstrated the ability of the developed model to provide a continuous profile of static Poisson’s ratio (PRstatic) whenever the petrophysical logging data are available.
Numerical Simulation of Gas Lift Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm for a Middle East Oil Field: Feasibility Study
Authors: AlJuboori Mustafa , Hossain Mofazzal , Al-Fatlawi Omar , Kabir Akim , Radhi Abbas
Published: January 2020

Gas-lift technique plays an important role in sustaining oil production, especially from a mature field when the reservoirs’ natural energy becomes insufficient. However, optimally allocation of the gas injection rate in a large field through its gas-lift network system towards maximization of oil production rate is a challenging task. The conventional gas-lift optimization problems may become inefficient and incapable of modelling the gas-lift optimization in a large network system with problems associated with multi-objective, multi-constrained, and limited gas injection rate. The key objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of utilizing the Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique to optimize the allocation of the continuous gas-lift injection rate in a network system of a Middle Eastern oil field with 43 gas-lift injected wells through numerical modelling and simulation studies. Reservoir pressure and water cut sensitivity studies are performed to investigate the potential impacts of these parameters on well production performance and production life cycle of the field. Sample economics analysis are exercised to broaden the understanding of potential benefit of the implementation gas lift techniques in the field from both technical and economic viewpoint.

In addition, while application of GA is not a new idea, this paper elaborates the GA based optimization techniques for improving the oil production rate by implementing gas lift in a large Middle Eastern oil field. The optimization model is presented step by step, so it can easily be followed, and be used as a guide, especially by frontline production engineers involved in designing and development of gas-lift system towards optimally allocation of gas injection rate to individual well in a network system for a field with limited gas injection rate.
Streamline Simulation Based Vector Flow Field Characterization and Reconstruction Method for High Water Cut Reservoir
Authors: Zhao Pingqi , He Shumei , Cai Mingjun , Tao Ziqiang , Zhao Ming , Wu Xi , Ni Tianlu , Guo Qi , Wei Pengpeng , Wang Quanguo , Ren Ruichuan , Cuo Guan
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the flow field distribution of reservoir was calculated by commercial numerical simulation software, and the concept of streamline cluster was proposed. By extracting the spatial coordinates and attribute parameters of streamline particles, the vector flow field characterization parameters of streamline cluster potential, streamline cluster flow rate and oil content of streamline cluster are formed respectively. The Lorentz curve is introduced to evaluate the seepage velocity of the grid and to form a characterization method of reservoir flow heterogeneity. Based on the idea of balanced seepage field, the reconstruction methods of "building flow field", "planting flow field", "compensating flow field", "transferring flow field", "steadying flow field" and "controlling flow field" are established for different seepage field characteristic regions, and it is proved by an example. The results show that the property of streamline cluster between injection and production wells can effectively measure the horizontal and vertical development potential and displacement intensity of the reservoir, and the flow heterogeneity coefficient represents the fluid distribution difference in different development stages of the reservoir. The vector flow field characterization method is applied to a block in GD oilfield and its development status is evaluated. The vector reconstruction method established in this study is adopted to adjust the characteristics of different flow field regions. After the implementation of the adjustment scheme, the injection-production correspondence rate increased from 78.6% to 92.4%, the water drive control degree increased from 69.2% to 89.7%, and the EOR increased by 5.16%. The effect was obviously improved.
Revisiting the Coefficient of Isothermal Oil Compressibility Below Bubble Point Pressure and Formulation of a New Model using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Technique
Authors: Ayoub Mohammed A. , Zainal Siti Nornajwa , Elhaj Mysara E. , Ku Ishak Ku Esyra Hani , Ahmed Quosay
Published: January 2020

Isothermal oil compressibility coefficient is one of the physical properties that requires an exact description for applied and theoretical science applications, especially in the solution of petroleum reservoir engineering problems. Conventional empirical correlations are however inconsistent and yield high error due to high input parameters needed and regional crudes-based development. For a reservoir with pressure below bubble point, the effect of co to the fluid flow is insignificant as it is overshadowed by the presence of large gas compressibility (cg). This study aims to increase the range of applicability and accuracy of the formula used for estimating the co by eliminating the limitations that occur in existing correlations. A new formula for the estimation of the coefficient of isothermal oil compressibility below bubble point pressure is devised using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The approach is a combination of neural networks and fuzzy logic. This method targets to model imprecise mode of reasoning in order to make rational decisions in an environment of uncertainty and imprecision. A benchmark has been set based on the best model available in the literature using the current set of data. Trial-and-error approach was followed with the assist of the trend analysis to check a model that represents the true phenomenon. A total number of 369 data points were collected from worldwide fluid samples for the purpose of training and testing the model. Exhaustive trend analysis has been conducted to verify that the proposed ANFIS model honors the true physical behavior. The new proposed model found to follow the correct trend which implies its reliability. In addition, a comparative study was carried out using the best available correlations to confirm the significance of the results of the oil compressibility prediction using ANFIS. Different statistical analyses have been shown to verify the robustness of the newly developed model. The statistical analyses showed a positive outcome whereby the proposed model obtained the lowest average absolute percent relative error of 3.3976% and the highest correlation coefficient of 99.76%. The best model tested among the other models has five input parameters and average absolute percent relative error of 12.07% and a correlation coefficient of 98.27%. The new approach managed to produce the most accurate model to predict the coefficient of isothermal oil compressibility below the bubble point when compared to the best available models in the literature. The new proposed model overcome the limitations described by the locality of some correlations as they are depending on data from certain locations.
Fiber Optics Leak Detection Systems Performance Evaluation for Detection of Pinhole Leaks in Above-Ground and Buried Pipelines Under Multiphase Flow
Authors: Velarde Salvador Alejandro Ruvalcaba , Hernandez Jose Luis Rodulfo , Karande Dadasaheb
Published: January 2020

Providing quick response time and accurate detection of small leaks in multiphase pipelines is of great importance for risk mitigation in the oil and gas industry. The emphasis of implementing state-of-the-art technologies to mitigate both safety and environmental risks in the field becomes of particular importance as aging pipelines transport sour hydrocarbon products crossing populated areas. Fiber Optics Leak Detection Systems (FOLDS) have the capability to detect small pinhole leaks even in multiphase flow, due to its distributed sensing and advanced signal processing features. With this motivation in mind, it is important to evaluate the ability of FOLDS to detect leaks under different scenarios of varying fiber cable location, product phase distribution, propagation media, pressure, temperature, leak sizes and leak locations.

Due to the high amount of varying parameters, safety hazards and environmental constraints associated with field testing FOLDS, an industrial third-party multiphase flow facility enables FOLDS performance evaluation across the range of applications of interest. In this particular case, different Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) FOLDS were simultaneously tested for detecting the pipeline leaks. The overall performance test scope and procedure presented in this paper was custom developed to simulate as close as field parameters for validation across multiphase and wet gas flow conditions.

The customized performance evaluation test program led to results that show the sensitivity of technology performance to different operational conditions, ranging from physical flow parameters to fiber optic location with respect and leak propagation media. FOLDS solutions performance validation is presented in terms of leak detection, stability and consistency. This leads to a conclusive benchmarking of each solution performance based on the test results for multiphase pipelines.

This paper guides the audience through the methodology of customized performance evaluation testing of pinhole leak detection for oil multiphase and wet gas pipelines. It also provides value by highlighting the impact of testing procedures, different flow parameters and installation setups on the actual system performance.
An Effective Use of New Generation Adaptive Completion for Successful Water Shut-Off in Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Sharma Hemant K , AlKhalifah Qasim , K. Al-Mulhim Abdulrahman , Al-Shabibi Hussain
Published: January 2020

Reducing water production for a horizontally completed well in a fractured carbonate reservoir is one of the dreams of a production engineer. Many technologies are being used worldwide for water shut-off to keep the water inside the reservoir and produce oil with limited success, including isolating the wellbore using inflatable packer and dumping cement; either above the packer or by isolating the bottom section with cement, chemical water shut-off by isolating the matrix and wellbore, etc.

A new innovative technology was developed lately by producing the horizontal well in compartments using an equalizer completion consisting of inflow control devices (ICDs) and isolating them through openhole packers and constrictors. This helps to eliminate the imbalanced production in the wellbore avoiding early water breakthrough. Currently, two kinds of ICDs are used, passive and adaptive. The passive ICDs are always opened to production. In cases where specific ICDs start to contribute undesired water production over time, water shut-off of the length below the ICDs had to be performed; leaving much of the oil behind. In cases where the water production is from the heel or in the middle compartment with high oil production from the bottom, the options are very limited.

A new generation of adaptive ICDs has lately been installed in the openhole horizontal producers, which can be selectively closed/opened by a setting tool to control the water production. Using this type of completion, the oil production has been substantially increased with a consequent decrease in water production.

Selecting the right array production logging tool (APLT) to identify which ICD is contributing to water production is the main contributor to success. Considering the fact that this kind of completion increases fluids velocities, turbulence and enhance emulsion creation, an APLT that consists of capacitance sensors helps to overcome these challenges and increase the rate of success selection of ICDs to be closed.

To operate the adaptive ICDs, either a wireline tractor with a modular anchor and shifting tool or coil tubing with a shifting tool can be used to open/close the ICDs. The opening/closing of ICDs can be clearly monitored in real time and confirmed due to changes in the load when the shifting tool engages with the profile of the active ICDs. With the signature from the log, the position of the ICD sleeve can be confirmed — whether opened or closed and there is no need to have additional production logging runs to confirm the position of the sleeve, which can be confirmed with surface flow rates with a reduction in water cut

This paper details the design and advantages of the new generation of adaptive ICDs in horizontal wells, designing the APLT program to investigate the completion performance and how the shifting tool is being effectively used for selective operation of the ICDs.
Identification of Diagenetic Facies in Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs Based on Self-Organizing-Map Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Lu Yan , Liu Keyu , Wang Ya
Published: January 2020

Quantitative identification of diagenetic facies is critical for favorable reservoir prediction. In this study, the diagenetic facies of the Chang-8 reservoir in the Zhenbei area of the Ordos Basin was investigated using an integrated analysis of casting thin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Chang-8 reservoirs can be subdivided into five major diagenetic facies categories: 1) weakly-dissolved chlorite cemented facies, 2) moderately-compacted mineral dissolution-susceptive facies, 3) moderately-dissolved kaolinite-bearing facies, 4) moderately-compacted carbonate cemented facies, and 5) strongly-compacted tight sandstone facies. On the basis of the above analyses, the diagenetic facies were identified from well logs by involving the supervised-mode self-organizing-map neural network (SSOM) algorithm. Six wireline logs sensitive to the diagenetic facies characteristics were used as the model input, the diagenetic facies prediction model was built using SSOM. The prediction results of the diagenetic facies are in good agreement with the core analysis types, with a matching of 83.87%. Our work also sheds light on reservoir typing by linking the diagenetic facies with reservoir quality and oil testing data.
An Integrated Approach to Calculate Vertical and Horizontal Resistivity Utilizing Conventional Logs in Low Resistivity Pay Reservoirs in Gulf of Suez: Case Study
Authors: Elhadidy Abdelrahman , Elhadidy Modather , Youssef Ibraham Ahmed
Published: January 2020

The occurrence of Low Resistivity Pay (LRP) have been widely reported. The conventional induction resistivity log does not recognized LRP, because this phenomenon affects the conventional resistivity log to read lower response. This problem typically occurs because of the shoulder effect of shale laminae on resistivity measurements of oil saturated sand intervals and as a result, conventional petro-physical interpretations would be unable to identify pay intervals in such low-resistivity measurements. Conventional well log evaluation usually considers these intervals water-bearing (60-70%) interval, which completely conceal oil occurrence. Numerous case studies showed water-free oil production from low resistivity laminated reservoirs. When these laminations thickness are less than the vertical resolution of conventional resistivity measuring device itself, the measured resistivity values is no longer representative to these laminations, however it becomes an average of the resistivity of these thin laminations, dominated by the laminations with lower resistivity. These apparent average values of resistivity curves may mask the recognition of hydrocarbon presence.

This formation evaluation challenge is usually addressed using simultaneous measurements of horizontal (Rh) and vertical (Rv) resistivity measurements. Such measurements are not conventionally used and therefore unconventional interpretation would be impossible or at least difficult. In the present paper, an innovative technique is developed to calculate the resistivity of sand intervals within thin laminated reservoirs from conventional apparent resistivity measurements and lithology logs. This is achieved considering two main concepts; separating apparent resistivity in Rh and Rv using Moran and Gianzero (1979) formula and calculating sand resistivity using sand - shale resistivity connections (parallel and series connections).

In North Morgan Belayiem reservoir located in the Gulf of Suez in Egypt, which was discovered since 1965, a new detailed interpretation and formation evaluation analysis have been done to re-interpret thin sand shale laminations having low conventional resistivity curves. Pay was identified using Rv and Rh calculations in petro-physical interpretation instead of using pervious conventional resistivity and lithology logs. After validating the petro-physical analysis and making an integration with available production data, the potential of the LRP zones in this reservoir was confirmed and quantified using petro-physical attribute.
Using Drill Bit Metamorphism to Aid in Formation Evaluation of Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Qubaisi Khalid , Torlov Vladislav , Fernandes Alan , Bajsair Amr
Published: January 2020

Deep clastic gas reservoirs, characterized by heterogenetic, low porosity and permeability rocks, and varying quantities of clay, are often drilled using oil-based mud (OBM) systems. It is well known, that presence of OBM affects surface mud gas data due to OBM contamination and drill bit metamorphism (DBM) phenomenon. The scope of this work is to identify and attempt to eliminate OBM contamination and DBM effects, therefore extracting only true formation gas response in order to identify zones of hydrocarbon potential from advanced mud gas (AMG) logging data.

Enhancements in AMG analysis enabled identification of DBM while drilling by measuring artificially generated hydrocarbons, such as ethene (C2H4), the so-called cracked gas, which is not found in formation hydrocarbons. The use of the DBM detection from AMG analysis allows for the differentiation of formation hydrocarbons from artifacts induced by drilling processes. The provided workflow also aids in identifying tighter reservoir intervals, which can be particularly useful in cases of long horizontal sections. This study also presents cases, where a DBM workflow and mud gas fluid compositional data assists in estimating zones of higher porosity with hydrocarbon potential, as well differentiating between prolific and tight sections.

Utilization of the workflow in exploration wells is useful in many instances to optimize formation evaluation during downhole formation testing, and subsequent drill stem test (DST) design. In addition, in development wells, the workflow can aid multi-stage fracking design and net-to-gross estimation.

Harsh drilling conditions in tight abrasive rocks drilled using OBM muds introduces artificial hydrocarbons not indigenous to the formation and introduces false positive gas peaks on mud logs. Recognition and removal of such artifacts from analyses is important in an integrated formation evaluation. To-date, mud logging companies have been able to identify the effect of DBM on mud gas and often correlate the phenomena to bit degradation, which is an important indicator for drilling optimization. The authors attempt to summarize such findings into a formation evaluation process to assist in the identification and delineation of sampling, production, and stimulation of reservoir intervals.
The challenges of development of Journalism in Nigeria
Authors: Talabi Felix Olajide
Published: January 2020

Development journalism is perceived as alternative journalism that primarily focuses onnational development especially in the third world countries. This paper examines the reasons fordissociation from the advancement perspective of the developed world, the challenges faced bydevelopment journalism and discusses the way the nation should go to attain her desire in thecommittee of nations Library research was used to generate secondary data for this paper. Thewriting is anchored on the theoretical proposition of development theory of the press whichpersuades the developing nations to engage in development journalism. The paper suggests thatNigeria press should generate and manage contents to help society build consensus for the neededchanges and growth.
Effects of Malnutrition on the Academic Performance: A Case Study of Grade 6-8 Learners in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Shabbir  , Qamar-uz-Zaman  , Muhammad Atif
Published: January 2020

The present research is design to assess the “effects of malnutrition on the academic performance of grade 6-8 learners in rural areas of Tehsil Hafizabad”. Quantitative research approach was used to achieve the objectives of the study. Quantitative data was gathered by using Scheduled Interview from the sample of 150 learners of the three selected schools. Data was analyzed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The outcomes of the study revealed that the malnutrition, particularly the use of low quality foods significantly lowers the academic performance in terms of lowering the understanding level of the learners and attainments; it reduces the attendance rate ultimately. It was observed that the less participation in physical activities, low income of the household and crowded demographic conditions reduced the learning capacity of the students. Some useful suggestions were also made, strictly ban on low quality food, awareness programs should be launched for public, and more studies must be conducted to highlight and overcome the issue.
Desarrollo de la empatía de los estudiantes, de un colegio de gestión privada, que participan del programa de inserción social educación
Authors: Eichenbrenner Giret Norma
Published: January 2020

Cuando se piensa en el desarrollo de la empatía desde el desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional de los adolescentes y jóvenes, surge la necesidad de buscar estrategias innovadoras que logren impactar en los estudiantes desarrollando aprendizajes de actitudes y conductas solidarias. La investigación presentada tiene como foco la estrategia pedagógica de una institución que desarrolla más de 10 años la experiencia de Inserción Social aplicado a estudiantes de la Educación Media en la concreción de los aprendizajes planteados del Eje transversal de Aprender a convivir que busca el desarrollo de la Empatía. El colegio plantea el "Programa de Inserción Social" como una estrategia pedagógica, consiste en la vivencia, en un contexto diferente a lo cotidiano, durante una semana. Se ofrece a los estudiantes la oportunidad de vivir una semana en un colegio agropecuario en la modalidad de internado.
Determination of the whitten effect based on vaginal cell characteristics, vulva appearance and behavior in grouped female mice
Authors: Zakaria Nur Hannan , Sukardi Sabrina
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Pheromones are chemicals produced by an animal that affects the behavior of another animal or the same species. Information conveyed includes location, presence of food or threat, sexual attraction, courtship, and dam–pup interactions. Pheromones are used widely in laboratory mice facilities to synchronize estrus and simultaneous breeding for logistic purposes. Female mice housed together in the absence of the male exhibit the Lee-Boot effect of lengthened diestrus or ovarian inactive period of up to several weeks. Whitten effect is described when a large number of female mice housed together in the absence of the male and having diestrus, will enter estrous 48 to 72 hours later upon exposure to male odors or male mouse urine soaked-bedding. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the time taken for the Whitten effect to occur based on changes in vaginal cell characteristics, vulva appearance and behavior in grouped female mice. Methodology: Ten female mice were acclimatized to the animal facility for 3 estrus cycles or 12 days.  Phases of the estrus cycle were evaluated by visual observation to assess changes to the vulva and vaginal cytology. Male urine soaked-bedding were exposed to females for 3 days and the time taken for the Whitten effect to occur was determined based on changes in vaginal cell characteristics, vulva appearance and observation of behavior. Result: The Cochran's Q test was used to observe the changes from diestrus to proestrus and later estrus. The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the number of mice that successfully enter the proestrus and estrus phases over a four time point, ?2 (2) = 18.857. Conclusion: The Whitten effect occurs after 72 hours of exposure to male urine soaked-bedding based on vulva appearance, vaginal cell characteristics and behavior in grouped female mice.
A Variante Hipocrómica da Micose Fungoide no Quotidiano Médico
Authors: Teixeira Campos Camila , Gonçalves Morati Ediane
Published: January 2020

Introdução: O nosso objetivo foi rever sucintamente a literatura da micose fungoide hipocrómica e destacar diag- nósticos diferenciais comuns.

Métodos: Este artigo consiste uma revisão de literatura, e a busca de referências foi realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) em português, inglês e espanhol, no total de 47 fontes.

Resultados: A micose fungoide é um linfoma cutâneo de células T de evolução crónica, no seio da qual se inclui uma variante hipocrómica que é rara com clínica diversificada, conferindo um diagnóstico desafiador, além de tardio, à doença. Por se assemelhar a dermatoses comuns, como a hanseníase, a micose fungoide hipocrómica é subdiagnosticada ou com atraso no diagnóstico.

Conclusão: Destaca-se a importância de realizar anamnese e exame físico detalhados nas consultas médicas para o diagnóstico correto desta doença incomum e capacitar a atenção primária na detecção de casos comuns com precisão, encaminhando apenas os demais ao dermatologista.
Lepra: Da Antiguidade aos Nossos Tempos
Authors: Máquina Atanásio , Catarino Alexandre , Silva Leandro , Catorze Goreti , Ferreira Lurdes , Viana Isabel
Published: January 2020

A lepra é uma doença infecciosa, causada pelos bacilos Mycobacterium leprae e Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Atinge de forma preferencial a pele e os nervos periféricos. Se não for diagnosticada e tratada precocemente pode provocar graves deformações e incapacidades. Paradoxalmente, à medida que o tratamento se tornou curativo, muitos centros especializados fecharam o que levou ao menor conhecimento da doença. Com a crescente imigração para a Europa de pessoas provenientes de países de elevada prevalência da lepra, tem-se verificado o aparecimento de novos casos no continente europeu, nomea- damente em Portugal. Um forte estigma, baseado no medo de contágio, contribui para o sofrimento prolongado, atrasos no diagnóstico e tratamento destes doentes. Fazemos uma breve revisão desta doença milenar, da antiguidade até aos nossos dias.
Digital Ulcers as Presentation of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Gomes T. F. , Kieselova K , Santiago F. , Daniel A. , Henrique M.
Published: January 2020

Ulcerating and mutilating variant of carpal tunnel syndrome occurs in longstanding cases of untreated disease. Pa- tients present with painless ulcers of the second and third fingers, accompanied with other cutaneous and sensory changes. These patients are often misdiagnosed as having a Raynaud disease or systemic sclerosis. Clinical assessment is the gold standard for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome, but hand radiography and electromyography help supporting the diagnosis. The authors present two cases of this ulcerating variant of carpal tunnel syndrome.
EMPOWERMENT STRATEGIES OF MICRO, SMALL, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) TO IMPROVE INDONESIA EXPORT PERFORMANCE
Authors: Adrian Adi
Published: January 2020

In international trade itself can not be separated from the export and import sectors. One way that can be done to increase the value of exports is to improve the empowerment of products Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises. MSMEs is considered to be a solution in improving the economy in Indonesia. But the development of the era makes the challenges facing MSMEs is getting higher. The strategy that can be done by umkm in overcoming the development of the times is by the control of the market. However, in order to dominate the market, MSMEs need to get information easily and quickly to expand the marketing network of MSMEs. other than that Information technology application on SMEs will facilitate in expanding the market both in the country and overseas markets and the establishment of IT-based MSMEs Development Center.
THE GUIDANCE OF TECHNOPRENEURSHIP USING EXPERT SYSTEM COMPUTING APPROACH BASED ON ENTREPRENEURIAL VALUES AND MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Authors: Hastuti Indra , Purnomo Singgih , Lestari Wiji
Published: January 2020

This study aims to build the Guidance of technopreneurship, especially Information Technology (IT) technopreneurship using expert system approach based on entrepreneurial values and multiple intelligences.The research consists of several steps : system analysis and design, system development and test and implementation system.The result is the guidance of technopreneurship using an expert system. Expert system consists of expertise domain, knowledge representation, rules, and input and output data. Data input consists of indicators of entrepreneurial values and multiple intelligences. The data output consists of conformity with 8 IT tecnopreneurships ie Software Application Developer, Data Analyst, System Analyst, Software Engineering, Computer Network Engineer, Graphics Designer & Animator, Multimedia System Developer and Embedded & Computer System Engineer.he test results with internal testing and external testing show the system works well.

Keyword : Guidance;Technopreneurships; Information Technology Expert System; Entrepreneurial Values; Multiple Intelligences
USE OF TECHNOLOGY APPROPRIATE TO BATIK'S SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES UP CLASS THROUGH E-CATALOG
Authors: Jatmika Dodik , Andarwati Mardiana
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of using appropriate technology on batik UKM going up the class through e-catalog. The population of this study is the owner and batik maker and business manager of batik in Trenggalek Regency with a total of 107 people, and from all population numbers sampled. The results of the study indicate that the use of appropriate technology influences the E-catalog. The use of appropriate technology has a direct negative effect on UKM in high-grade batik. The e-catalog has an effect on UKM in batik up the class. The use of appropriate technology has an effect on UKM in hand-painted batik going up the class through e-catalog. Recommendations for researchers who will research appropriate technology and e-catalogs for batik are advised to look for implications for the impact on user satisfaction of accounting information systems.

Keywords: appropriate technology, UKM go up to class, e-catalog
THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL RATIO, LOCAL SIZE AND LOCAL STATUS ON FINANCIAL DISTRESS
Authors: Indriaty Novica , Setiawan Doddy , Pravasanti Yuwita Ariessa
Published: January 2020

This study is aimed to examine the effects of financial ratio empirically, local size and local status on financial distress. The status of financial distress is the condition of the inability of the local government to repay the loan principal and the loan interest. The population of this study include local governments in Indonesia that publish Report on Local Government Finances in 2008-2014. Samples were selected based on purposive sampling method and obtained 641 as research observation. With logistic regression, this study found that financial ratio included current ratio (CR), debt to equity ratio (D/E), operating revenues to total revenues ratio (OR/TR), return on assets ratio (ROA), return on equity ratio (ROE), and macro-economic variables were local size and local status have a significant effect on financial distress.

Keywords : Financial Distress, Financial Ratio, Local Size, Local Status, Logistic Regression, Report on Local Government Finances
Hierarchy of Needs to Staff Performances that Affect to Employees Loyalty of Chengde Steel Logistics Co.,Ltd.
Authors: Liu Jiajun , Kittimanorom Prapatsorn
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the hierarchy of needs to staff performances, to study employees' loyalty of Chengde Steel Logistics Co., Ltd., and to study the relationship of the hierarchy of needs to staff performances that employees Loyalty of Chengde Steel Logistics Co., Ltd. The research instrument was the questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed through frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The sampling of this study was 223 individuals, those aged between 21-30 years, graduated with a bachelor’s degree, 31-40 years of the work period, and those with production staff. The analytic results of the hierarchy of needs to staff performances of Chengde Steel Logistics Co., Ltd, with mean score of 4.18 from highest to lowest mean scores as follows, the respondents had high, ate level, needs for Physiological, needs for Security or Safety needs, and need for esteem needs at low level respectively. In terms of Loyalty, overall the respondents had a moderate level, with a mean score of 3.42. The factors were ranked from highest to lowest mean scores as follows: affective aspect, behavioral aspect and cognitive aspect at low level respectively. The results of hypothesis testing showed that the Hierarchy of needs to staff performances positively related to the employee's loyalty to Chengde Steel Logistics Co., Ltd, was high related. The statistic significant was .05
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN SKRENING SINDROM METABOLIK DI DESA PA’LALAKANG KABUPATEN TAKALAR
Authors: Syam Aminuddin , Jafar Nurhaedar , Kurniati Yessy , Virani Devintha , Adriani Irma
Published: January 2020

Sindroma metabolik adalah kondisi seseorang yang memiliki tekanan darah tinggi, obesitas sentral, dan dislipidemia, dengan atau tanpa hiperglikemik. Sindrom metabolik telah menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan di masyarakat. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegahnya adalah dengan melakukan skrening secara dini. Kader dusun merupakan salah satu komponen masyarakat yang dapat menjadi agen untuk melakukan skrening tersebut. Sebagai kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat, maka pelatihan kader dusun dapat menjadi upaya pencegahan sindrom metabolik. Tujuan dari pelatihan adalah memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada kader dusun untuk melakukan skrening sindrom metabolik di masyarakat. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan pemberian materi dan demonstrasi tentang cara melakukan skrening sindrom metabolik  dan diikuti oleh 34 orang peserta. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan jumlah kader dusun yang memiliki pengetahuan dalam kategori baik sebesar 43,2%. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan saat pendampingan, kader dusun yang dilatih dapat melakukan skrening sindrom metabolik  seperti yang diharapkan. Kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan yang dilakukan cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader dusun dalam melakukan skrening sindrom metabolik di Kabupaten Takalar.
Mengungkap Pemahaman Konsep Listrik Dinamis di Sekolah Berbasis Kemaritiman
Authors: Setiawan Doni
Published: January 2020

This study aims to describe the understanding of students' concepts on dynamic electric metrics in maritime-based schools in the city of Tegal. The study was conducted through a four-stage diagnostic test. The concept of dynamic electricity includes: Electric current strength, potential difference, series-parallel circuit, electric power, and Kirchoff's 1 law. The study was conducted at Tegal Nahdlatul Ulama High School as a sample of maritime-based schools in Tegal in the 2018/2019 school year. The sample used in the study was 29 students of class XII IPA Nahdlatul Ulama High School in Tegal city. The stages of research include (1) Reviewing references and journals related to understanding concept research; (2) Reviewing the syllabus to obtain misconceptions in the material of dynamic electric chapter physics; (3) Designing a question instrument in the form of a four tier test that can diagnose student misconceptions; (5) Validation by experts, namely with lecturers; (6) Test instruments to determine validity, reliability, degree of difficulty and differentiation of questions; (7) Test of student misconceptions carried out to students of class XII IPA at Nahdlatul Ulama High School. The results of data analysis obtained a description of students' understanding which could be categorized as understanding concepts, misconceptions, not understanding concepts and errors.