bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Situación y desafíos de la producción y comercialización de maíz en Tulantepec, Hidalgo
Authors: Aguilar-Curiel Alma Janeth , Quintero-Ramírez Juan Manuel , Sangerman-Jarquín Dora Ma. , Omaña Silvestre José Miguel
Published: November 2021

El municipio de Santiago Tulantepec de Lugo Guerrero, Hidalgo, se ve favorecido en la producción de maíz en sus distintas variedades debido a que las condiciones climatológicas y el tipo de suelo se prestan para producir este cultivo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre la producción y comercialización de maíz, para conocer los beneficios económicos que resulte en mayor utilidad para los productores de la zona. El análisis demandó conocer su producción y comercialización y los costos de siembra hasta su cosecha, tomando información en el ciclo productivo 2017-2018. La recopilación de datos se basó en una muestra finita; a través, de un muestreo aleatorio simple, con un instrumento de recopilación de datos de dieciocho ítems, aplicado a productores de maíz, tomando como universo a los 407 productores inscritos en el programa ProAgro, calculando y resultando la aplicación a 198 como muestra para el estudio. Se aplicó una prueba de confiabilidad mediante Alfa de Crobach, la cual arrojó 0.702, para dar confiabilidad y validez a la investigación. La información recopilada se procesó en una base de datos del programa estadístico SPSS, obteniendo las medidas de tendencia central. Finalmente, a partir de los resultados se hacen recomendaciones y propuestas basadas en la mejora de los procedimientos de comercialización para los productores, que puede dar pauta a nuevas investigaciones para el sector agrario en el municipio.
Ad eruendam veritatem
Authors: Bellodi Ansaloni Anna
Published: November 2021

Lo studio si propone di affrontare il tema della ricerca della verità come fine dell’indagine processuale attraverso l’analisi delle fonti giuridiche e retoriche in tema di interrogatorio cum tormentis (quaestio). Punto di partenza è la definizione che dello strumento dà ULPIANO in D. 47.10.15.41: tormenta et corporis dolorem ad eruendam veritatem . L’indagine è impostata secondo le tre linee conduttrici che emergono nella riflessione giurisprudenziale ( quando, modus e fides ) ed offre una ricostruzione dei controversi rapporti tra verità e tortura, soprattutto sotto il profilo dell’elaborazione di criteri e tecniche cui attenersi nella fase dell’interrogatorio. L’impronta metodologica così segnata finirà per superare i confini della quaestio e porterà all’individuazione di regole destinate a rimanere fondamentali in materia di istruzione probatoria, specialmente in tema di audizione dei testimoni.
Il prestito marittimo in diritto romano
Authors: Pontoriero Ivano
Published: November 2021

La ricerca, che ha per oggetto lo studio del prestito marittimo in diritto romano, si articola in sei capitoli. I primi tre sono dedicati all’analisi dei caratteri strutturali dell’operazione e dei profili di specialità della relativa disciplina. Nel quarto e nel quinto la trattazione affronta il tema dei rapporti tra il prestito marittimo e il sistema contrattuale romano. Il sesto capitolo prende in considerazione la legislazione giustinianea in materia di prestito marittimo e alcune previsioni contenute nel Νόμος ῾Ροδίων ναυτιϰός.
Nemo tenetur se detegere
Authors: Tassinari Davide
Published: November 2021

Il tema dei profili sostanziali del nemo tenetur se detegere è stato di rado analizzato dalla letteratura penalistica italiana, che se ne è occupata in pochi – ma assai pregevoli – studi. La possibile valenza del principio quale causa di non punibilità, operante al di fuori dell’angusto ambito segnato dall’art. 384 c.p., è stata, a seconda dei diversi punti di vista, tout court esclusa, ovvero ricondotta all’ambito dell’antigiuridicità penale, ovvero ancora al discusso contesto della inesigibilità. La problematica viene affrontata attraverso un’analisi del principio, estesa ai suoi profili storici e filosofici, nei sistemi di common law, ove esso è stato per la prima volta affermato ed ha altresì trovato un espresso riconoscimento nel quinto Emendamento della Costituzione statunitense. Lo studio di diritto comparato assume un ruolo centrale per la ricostruzione della struttura e dei contenuti del se detegere anche nell’ordinamento italiano. In particolare, il principio si rivela connotato da una duplice valenza, oggettiva e soggettiva, al contempo valore dell’ordinamento e prerogativa individuale, e perciò interagisce con i diversi livelli della struttura del reato: tipicità, antigiuridicità e colpevolezza. Nell’ambito dell’antigiuridicità, il suo modus operandi viene ricostruito mediante un’innovativa analisi dei problemi (di fatto lasciati irrisolti dal dibattito dottrinale del nostro Paese) del bilanciamento di interessi e del concorso di persone nel reato; nel contesto della colpevolezza, per contro, emergono i profili umanistici del se detegere, ed esso non viene in considerazione quale diritto, ma assume una fisionomia ribelle e anarchica, dominata dall’impulso del reo alla ricerca dell’impunità.
La «privatizzazione» delle fonti di diritto penale
Authors: Torre Valeria
Published: November 2021

Il declino della legislazione di fonte statuale e la progressiva espansione della tendenza alla cosiddetta autonormazione hanno determinato un fenomeno per effetto del quale la disciplina di ampi settori delle attività sociali non è più rimessa all’originaria competenza statale, ma è, invece, affidata a quelli che sono i suoi più diretti destinatari, sì da dar luogo ad una sostanziale autodisciplina dei loro rapporti. Tali procedure di autoregolamentazione urtano, sul terreno del diritto penale, con il principio-cardine di questo ramo dell’ordinamento giuridico, che è rappresentato dal principio di [ii]riserva di legge . L’Autrice ritiene che questo contrasto possa essere superato in forza delle garanzie di democraticità interna che quelle procedure di autonormazione e di co-legislazione assicurano; e che, d’altra parte, le statuizioni, che ne sono il prodotto, paiono garantire un grado di effettività ben maggiore di quello associabile a quelle promananti da una legislazione statuale (che si vuole) esposta ad un alto grado di ineffettività. La materia sulla quale viene vagliata la tenuta complessiva di questi assunti è la disciplina penale della sicurezza sul lavoro. Si intraprende, in tal senso, un’ampia e articolata indagine comparata, che ha ad oggetto i paesi di common law e in particolare i modelli offerti dall’esperienza inglese e statunitense. Questa documentata disamina vale a confortare l’assunto per cui il ricorso all’autodisciplina, in sede di normazione avente ad oggetto la sicurezza sul lavoro nelle imprese, lungi dal condurre a riedizioni occulte del liberismo, garantisce il rispetto di tutti gli interessi in gioco; ciò in specie se e nella misura in cui alla stessa autodisciplina si abbina un sistema di controlli pubblici efficienti.
L’abuso dell’appello
Authors: Pacilli Matteo
Published: November 2021

Questa riflessione sistematica sull’abuso dell’appello muove dalla constatazione della difficoltà di assicurare la tutela giurisdizionale nel doppio grado: il principio costituzionale di ragionevole durata del processo si riflette nel concetto di abuso, vale a dire nella richiesta di protezione giuridica di posizioni che non ne sono meritevoli. Le recenti e non terminate tensioni legislative, che hanno visto l’introduzione nel 2012 del c.d. filtro in appello, esprimono la fatica nel trovare un giusto equilibrio fra il diritto di difesa e la necessità di sfoltire rapidamente le impugnazioni abusive. Tradizionalmente, l’interesse ad impugnare è stato identificato con la semplice soccombenza. L’autore propone, invece, di integrare tale presupposto dell’azione impugnativa con la sussistenza di una ragionevole attesa di ottenere un risultato utile. Se questo ulteriore elemento manca, l’appello risulta carente di interesse e quindi abusivo, il che giustifica l’adozione, da parte del legislatore, di misure (quelle attuali o altre diverse e future) idonee a permettere la reiezione dell’impugnazione in via immediata. Il punto non è solo italiano e l’autore lo dimostra analizzando le soluzioni di altri sistemi, da quello dell’Unione europea a quello tedesco, talora impropriamente assunto a modello della riforma del 2012. Le tesi svolte nel volume si distaccano, in una certa misura, dalla posizione della dottrina prevalente che ha ampiamente criticato l’introduzione del filtro in appello, proponendo invece una lettura che, almeno in parte, recupera in positivo l’iniziativa del legislatore
Doveri costituzionali e principio di solidarietà
Authors: Polacchini Francesca
Published: November 2021

Il volume offre una riflessione intorno al principio di solidarietà e allo statuto dei doveri costituzionali, evidenziandone il ruolo nell’ordinamento costituzionale. Lo studio muove dalla ricostruzione del significato del principio di solidarietà attraverso la lettura sistematica dei principi fondamentali. L’ampia prospettiva entro la quale si muove l’analisi consente di cogliere la connotazione solidaristica di molti principi della Carta repubblicana. Nell’ambito del lavoro si offre un affresco di alcune delle più recenti applicazioni del principio di solidarietà nell’ambito dei rapporti interprivati. Dall’esame della letteratura e della giurisprudenza che hanno compiuto uno sforzo di rilettura di alcuni istituti codicistici alla luce del principio solidarista emerge la straordinaria vitalità del testo costituzionale e delle sue disposizioni di principio. L’indagine non trascura di considerare anche il contesto dell’Unione europea, individuando in modo analitico tutte le sedi di emersione del principio di solidarietà, che viene considerato il paradigma di riferimento per i futuri sviluppi del processo d’integrazione sovranazionale. Si ricostruisce infine lo statuto costituzionale dei doveri costituzionali, tentando di chiarire la posizione di tali situazioni giuridiche soggettive all’interno del sistema giuridico.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENYIRAM TANAMAN OTOMATIS CABE RAWIT BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER
Authors: Muklis Achmad Aminul , Ilmi Ulul
Published: November 2021

The development of today’s technology is increasing, people expect a tool that can help human work, for that technology becomes a necessity for humans. This undergraduate thesis makes a tool that can do the work of watering chili plants automatically. This tool aims to replace manual work to become automatic. The benefit obtained from this tool is to facilitate human work in watering chili plants. This tool uses soil sensors soil moisture that serves as a detector and sends commands to the ATmega328 microcontroller to turn on the driver relay so that the pump can flush the water as needed automatically. The making of this undergraduate thesis is done by designing, creating and implementing system components which include the ATmega328 Microcontroller as the controller, driver relay to turn on and turn off the water pump, the LCD (Cristal Display liquid) to display the score of soil moisture. The results of the research prove the tool made can work well and can be developed as expected. The tool can function when the soil moisture is above 1003 PH, however, it does not work if the soil moisture is less than 345PH.
IDENTIFIKASI RESIKO KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG BANK MANDIRI KEDIRI
Authors: Ajiono Rekso , SP Yosef Cahyo SP , Gunarto April , Sudjati Sudjati
Published: November 2021

Every job must have risks and potential hazards that threaten, the existence of rules and regulations governing the implementation of work intended to minimize the occurrence of a work accident. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of work accidents, the causes of work accidents and the most dominant factors. This research method uses quantitative descriptive. The sample in this study amounted to 40 of 62 respondents. Data collection by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The results of research on the types of workplace accidents that occur are tripping, hammering, electric shock, in the hands and legs. While the causes of work accidents that occur are lack of knowledge of workers, physical conditions that do not support, do not wear personal protective equipment, the alarm system does not meet the requirements, the authority of the equipment due to frequent use. The most dominant factor of the types of work accidents is statement X1.3 (hammered) with a percentage value of 62.50%, and from the cause of work, an accident is statement Y1.3 (Not wearing personal protective equipment) with a percentage value of 65 %.
IMPLEMENTASI MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW) PADA SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PROMOSI KENAIKAN JABATAN
Authors: Kurniawan Eddy , Ilmi Achmad Miftakhul , Balafif Nufan
Published: November 2021

Telkomsel Distribution Center (TDC) Jombang has problems in promoting employees to fill the Supervisor (SPV) and Branch Manager (BM) positions. TDC Jombang has several assessment criteria for employees to be able to fill SPV and BM positions. But in the assessment process, each criterion still tends to be subjective. In making decisions based on several criteria, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach can be used by applying the method that is considered most appropriate to produce the best alternative decision recommendations. This study aims to provide the best solution by implementing the Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach using the SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) method which will be programmed in a computer-based decision support system (SPK). The SAW method was chosen because it can weigh the values on each attribute and rank to get the best alternative recommendations. The data used are Jombang TDC employee data. From this study, it was obtained that the use of the SAW method programmed in the SPK succeeded in presenting information comparing the value of preferences between candidates. Candidates with the highest preference value are the most recommended alternatives to choose
ALAT PENGONTROL KADAR pH AIR DAN NUTRISI AB MIX MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO PADA SISTEM HIDROPONIK SAYUR HIJAU
Authors: Atmaja Tri , Kusuma Abdi Pandu
Published: November 2021

The world of technology today has developed quite rapidly with a lot of manufacture and development of various kinds of equipment that are able to help humans do work that is both control and automatic. One example of technological developments is automatic plant watering, smart home, automatic bird feeder, and many more. This study discusses a tool to control water pH levels and nutrients using Arduino in a green vegetable hydroponic system. The sensor used is the pH Electrode E201-C BNC sensor as a reader of pH levels in water, the TDS Meter V.1 sensor as a reader of nutrient density levels in water, and an ultrasonic sensor as a reader of water level in the reservoir to determine the volume of water so that it does not will run out. The software used is the Arduino Uno IDE. The way this tool works is that the input from the sensor will be processed by Arduino and the result is in the form of output conditioning, namely the actuator is on or not.
Zu Kontrakt und Setting in der Supervision
Authors: Leuschner Gerhard
Published: November 2021

Anhand einer ausführlichen Fallgeschichte werden Fragen nach einer gelungenen Auftragsklärung, einem tragfähigen Stetting und belastbaren Arbeitsbündnis sowie Führung und Verantwortung in Beratungsprozessen herausgearbeitet und diskutiert.
Warum erzählst du mir das?
Authors: Albrecht Carla
Published: November 2021

Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Fallgeschichte von Gerd Leuschner. Der Nutzen von Fallgeschichten für die Illustration theoretischer Konzepte sowie als Selbsterzählung zur Stabilisierung der eigenen Berateridentität werden diskutiert. Die Assoziationen der Autorin aufgrund der Art der Selbsterzählung (narrativer Ton, Schlüsselszenen, etc.) fokussieren auf den Umgang mit Macht im Beratungskontext. Zum Schluss werden Ideen für alternative Formen der Fallerzählung vorgeschlagen, die mehr Raum für Lernen und Assoziation ermöglichen.
Липосомальная композиция для комбинированной фотодинамической и фототермальной терапии на основе фталоцианина оксиалюминия и золотых наночастиц
Authors: Тарарина Лариса Анатольевна , Жарков Михаил Николаевич , Минаева О. В. , Бродовская Екатерина Павловна , Коваленко Елена Николаевна , Маев Игорь Вениаминович , Заборовский Андрей Владимирович , Юнина Дина Владимировна , Гуревич Константин Георгиевич , Андреев Дмитрий Николаевич , Пятаев Николай Анатольевич
Published: November 2021

Цель настоящей работы — синтез, характеризация и исследование цитотоксичности композиции для комбинированной фотодинамической и фототермальной терапии на основе липосом с фталоцианином оксиалюминия (ФЦОА) и золотыми наночастицами. Для синтеза липосом использовали ФЦОА и золотые частицы, стабилизированные цитратом натрия. Липосомы получали из фосфатидилхолина и холестерина методом гидратации тонких липидных пленок. Были синтезированы липосомы диаметром 187  47 нм с содержанием ФЦОА 0,9 мг/мл и золотых наночастиц 0,068 мг/мл суспензии. Изучена цитотоксичность на клетках Vero и влияние на активность мембран-атакующего комплекса системы комплемента. Установлено, что липосомы обладали дозозависимой цитотоксичностью, несколько превышающей таковую у их компонентов, а также активировали систему комплемента в концентрации, соответствующей IC50. Однако в ожидаемой терапевтической концентрации этот эффект не проявлялся, что свидетельствует о возможности их применения in vivo.
On the Use of a Modified Intersection of Confidence Intervals (MICIH) Kernel Density Estimation Approach
Authors: Ogbeide Efosa Michael , Erunmwosa Osemwenkhae Joseph
Published: November 2021

Density estimation is an important aspect of statistics. Statistical inference often requires the knowledge of observed data density. A common method of density estimation is the kernel density estimation (KDE). It is a nonparametric estimation approach which requires a kernel function and a window size (smoothing parameter H). It aids density estimation and pattern recognition. So, this work focuses on the use of a modified intersection of confidence intervals (MICIH) approach in estimating density. The Nigerian crime rate data reported to the Police as reported by the National Bureau of Statistics was used to demonstrate this new approach. This approach in the multivariate kernel density estimation is based on the data. The main way to improve density estimation is to obtain a reduced mean squared error (MSE), the errors for this approach was evaluated. Some improvements were seen. The aim is to achieve adaptive kernel density estimation. This was achieved under a sufficiently smoothing technique. This adaptive approach was based on the bandwidths selection. The quality of the estimates obtained of the MICIH approach when applied, showed some improvements over the existing methods. The MICIH approach has reduced mean squared error and relative faster rate of convergence compared to some other approaches. The approach of MICIH has reduced points of discontinuities in the graphical densities the datasets. This will help to correct points of discontinuities and display adaptive density. Keywords: approach, bandwidth, estimate, error, kernel density
presente como história
Authors: Mesquita Claudia
Published: November 2021

Na trilha de Andreas Huyssen (2014), que identifica uma preocupação central com a memória na cultura contemporânea (resposta à confiança decrescente no futuro das sociedades ocidentais), o artigo busca examinar como o cinema brasileiro recente tem elaborado a experiência histórica. Para tanto, realiza um pequeno inventário, testando a reunião dos filmes em séries, de modo a indicar e caracterizar “figuras de elaboração histórica” recorrentes nessa filmografia. Em nosso mapeamento, destaca-se a aposta no “presente como história”: sob a sombra de um “passado que não passa” ou desenhado como “avesso do futuro”, o presente ganha centralidade nessas obras.
NILAI KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING DAN BAHAN ORGANIK IN VITRO LITTER FERMENTASI PADA LAMA PERAM YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Christiyanto Marry , Tampoebolon Baginda Iskandar Moeda , Utama Cahya Setya , Nugroho Oktavian Setyo
Published: November 2021

Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh lama peram terhadap nilai kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK) dan kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO) litter broiler fermentasi sebagai pakan ruminansia. Sampel litter yang digunakan berasal dari 16 kandang yang kemudian difermentasi dan dilakukan uji kecernaan secara in vitro. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakukan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan meliputi T0: litter fermentasi lama peram 0 minggu, T1: litter fermentasi lama peram 3 minggu, T2: litter fermentasi lama peram 6 minggu, dan T3: litter fermentasi lama peram 9 minggu. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian adalah nilai KcBK dan nilai KcBO. Data di analisis ragam dengan taraf signifikasi 5%, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa lama peram litter ayam broiler fermentasi berpengaruh terhadap nilai kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO). Perlakuan yang direkomendasikan adalah lama pemeraman litter ayam broiler fermentasi selama 6 minggu, karena memberikan nilai KcBK yang paling optimal. Kata kunci : litter, in vitro, lama peram, KcBK, KcBO.
PERBANDINGAN UMUR SIMPAN BAHAN PAKAN TERNAK YANG DITAMBAHKAN PENGAWET ASAM PROPIONAT DENGAN MODEL PERSAMAAN ARRHENIUS
Authors: Adisti Rizqa
Published: November 2021

Pendugaan umur simpan pada bahan pakan sangat penting untuk diketahui demi membantu  industry pakan dalam mengatur penyimpanan, ketersediaan dan menjaga kualitas nutrisi pakan ternak yang dihasilkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk  membandingkan  pollard dan wheat bran yang ditambahkan pengawet asam propionat pada tingkat penyimpanan suhu yang berbeda berdasarkan nilai bilangan peroksida menggunakan model Arrhenius. Umur simpan ditentukan dengan cara,  pollard dan wheat bran ditambahkan  asam  propionat  kemudian disimpan pada suhu 15, 35 dan 45 °C selama 49 hari di dalam inkubator. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bilangan peroksida. Hasil penelitian ini didasarkan pada perhitungan model Arrhenius. Pada pollard dengan pengawet asam propionat diketahui umur simpan pada suhu 15, 35 dan 45 °C berturut turut 38,9 bulan, 35,6 bulan dan 15,9 bulan sedangkan pollard tanpa pengawet berturut turut 27,3 bulan, 22,2 bulan dan 13,1 bulan. Pada wheat bran  dengan pengawet asam propionat diketahui umur simpan pada suhu 15, 35 dan 45 °C berturut turut 32,9 bulan, 21,2 bulan dan 21,2 bulan sedangkan pada wheat bran tanpa pengawet beturut turut 25,1 bulan, 15,1 bulan dan 14,8 bulan.

 

Kata kunci : Arrhenius, asam propionat, peroksida, pollard, wheat bran
STUDI PRODUKTIVITAS KAMBING PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN TOLITOLI
Authors: Lasandrang Fajar Syadik
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Faktor Produktivitas perkembangan ternak kambing di Kabupaten Tolitoli dan menghitung pertambahan bobot badan pada ternak kambing  umur 0-3 bulan dan  3-6 bulan di Kabupaten Tolitoli. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari  sampai Bulan Juni  2013, mengunakan metode deskriptif. Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan melalui kegiatan survey, wawancara yang dilengkapi dengan daftar pertanyaan kuisioner, dan penimbangan berat badan ternak kambing, penentuan tempat penelitian digunakan metode (purposive sampling)  yaitu : 1). Bagian utara (Tolitoli Utara dan Dako Pemean), 2). Bagian tengah (Lampasio dan Ogodeide) 3). Bagian selatan (Dampal Selatan dan Dampal Utara) dengan jumlah responden keseluruhan 135 responden.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan faktor yang mempengaruhi peroduktivitas kambing adalah tingkat kelahiran 181%/tahun, tingkat kematian anak kambing 16%/ tahun dan tingkat panen anak 145%, dengan Produktivitas ternak kambing dilihat dari pertambahan bobot badan harian ternak kambing jantan tunggal di Tolitoli umur 0-3 bulan 80 g/ekor/hari dan 3-6 bulan 83g/ekor/hari, mengunakan sisitim pemeliharaan ekstensif.

 

(Kata kunci: Produktivitas, Pertambahan Bobot Badan, Kambing)
Improving the Design Stage of Air Pollution Studies Based On Wind Patterns
Authors: Zabrocki Léo , Alari Anna , Benmarhnia Tarik
Published: November 2021

A growing literature in economics and epidemiology has exploited changes in wind patterns as a source of exogenous variation to better measure the acute health effects of air pollution. Since the distribution of wind components is not randomly distributed over time and related to other weather parameters, multivariate regression models are used to adjust for these confounding factors. However, this type of analysis relies on its ability to correctly adjust for all confounding factors and extrapolate to units without empirical counterfactuals. As an alternative to current practices and to gauge the extent of these issues, we propose to implement a causal inference pipeline to embed this type of observational study within an hypothetical randomized experiment. We illustrate this approach using daily data from Paris, France, over the 2008-2018 period. Using the Neyman-Rubin potential outcomes framework, we first define the treatment of interest as the effect of North-East winds on particulate matter concentrations compared to the effects of other wind directions. We then implement a matching algorithm to approximate a pairwise randomized experiment. It adjusts nonparametrically for observed confounders while avoiding model extrapolation by discarding treated days without similar control days. We find that the effective sample size for which treated and control units are comparable is surprisingly small. It is however reassuring that results on the matched sample are consistent with a standard regression analysis of the initial data. We finally carry out a quantitative bias analysis to check whether our results could be altered by an unmeasured confounder: estimated effects seem robust to a relatively large hidden bias. Our causal inference pipeline is a principled approach to improve the design of air pollution studies based on wind patterns.
Linking stormwater control performance to stream ecosystem outcomes: incorporating a performance metric into effective imperviousness
Authors: Walsh Christopher John , Burns Matthew J , Fletcher Tim D , Bos Darren G , Poelsma Peter , Kunapo Joshphar , Imberger Moss
Published: November 2021

Stormwater control measures, such as raingardens, tanks, or wetlands, are often employed to mitigate the deleterious effects of urban stormwater drainage on stream ecosystems. However, performance metrics for control measures, most commonly pollutant-load reduction, have not permitted prediction of how they will change stream ecosystems downstream. Stream ecosystem responses have more commonly been predicted by catchment-scale measures such as effective imperviousness (percentage of catchment with impervious cover draining to sealed drains). We adapt effective imperviousness, weighting it by a performance metric for stormwater control measures aimed at stream protection, the stream stormwater impact metric. Weighted effective imperviousness can serve as a predictor of stream response to stormwater control. We demonstrate its application in a before-after-control-reference-impact experiment aiming to test if stream health is improved by dispersed stormwater control measures. Trends in weighted effective imperviousness showed wide variation in degree of stormwater control achieved in the six experimental sub-catchments, despite similar effort in implementing control measures across the sub-catchments. Greater reductions in weighted effective imperviousness (on a log-scale, on which stream response is predicted) per unit effort were observed in smaller catchments with lower starting effective imperviousness. While implementation of control measures was sufficient to expect a stream response in at least two of the experimental sub-catchments, we did not achieve the reduction in effective imperviousness that we were aiming for. Primary limitations to success were the lack of available space in these established suburbs, particularly for final control measures near pipe outlets into streams, and a lack of demand for harvested stormwater. The use of the continuous variable, weighted effective imperviousness, to measure impact on streams, and the protracted period of SCM implementation that varied among catchments, required a new approach to modelling “before-after-control-impact” experiments, which has potentially broader application.
A Surrogate Modeling Approach for Rocking-Flexure Interaction
Authors: da Silva Andréia Horta Alvares , Stojadinovic Bozidar
Published: November 2021

Uplift of a structure is a seismic isolation technique: it works as a structural fuse limiting the maximum base moment (rocking foundation) or base shear (rocking podium) transferred to the foundation. To use uplifting in seismic design, the interaction between rocking and flexure must be understood well. Ideally, surrogate models to predict the seismic response of such systems should be also available to facilitate design. This paper presents the equations of motion of a building mounted on a rocking foundation and on a rocking podium in modal coordinates, then surrogate models are developed by applying component mode synthesis. Analytical equations for calculating the uplifted frequency and modal shapes are derived and used to compare how uplift affects both systems.In the following, it is shown that the overturning moment in both systems is dominated by the first mode, therefore a surrogate model with two degrees of freedom (2DOF surrogate), namely the rocking angle and the first mode coordinate, is considered adequate to represent the entire system. Finally, a hundred different buildings, with varying periods, aspect ratios and number of stories, are generated and the maximum dynamic response of the complete system is compared to the 2DOF surrogate ones, the coefficient of determination between all the responses is greater than 0.81 for all cases, thus the 2DOF surrogate is considered adequate to represent the response of the full model.
A Bayesian Modelling Approach to Examine the Role of Testosterone Administration on the Endowment Effect and Risk-Taking
Authors: Votinov Mikhail , Knyazeva Irina S , Habel Ute , Konrad Kerstin , Puiu Andrei A.
Published: November 2021

We investigated the effects of testosterone administration on aspects of decision-making within the Prospect Theory framework. Using bayesian modeling, we assessed risk-taking under framing and Endowment Effect (effect of possession). We administered 100mg testosterone to forty men in a double-blind placebo-controlled fully-randomized cross-over experiment where they participated in two tasks. One was a risktaking task with binary choices under positive and negative framing with different probabilities. In a second task, participants had to bid for for two categories of items, hedonic and utilitarian. We observed a signiﬁcant increase in serum testosterone concentrations after transdermal application. Compared to placebo, testosterone administration increased risk-taking under the positive framing and decreased under the negative framing. The sensitivity to gain was positive in each framing. Our model showed that decision-making is jointly inﬂuenced by testosterone and the trade-off between gains and losses. Moreover, while the endowment effect was more pronounced for hedonic than for utilitarian items, the effect was independent of testosterone. The ﬁndings provide novel information for the complex modulatory role of testosterone on risk-taking. The proposed models of effects of individual differences in testosterone on risk-taking could be used as predictive models.
Predicting self-harm and suicide ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: A nationwide survey report
Authors: Liem Andrian , Prawira Benny , Magdalena Selvi , Siandita Monica Jenifer , Hudiyana Joevarian
Published: November 2021

Background: It is estimated that 77.0% of suicide cases occurred in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), which would increase because of the COVID-19 pandemic and socioeconomic inequity. However, there is lack of reports on this topic from LMICs, especially during the pandemic. Therefore, this nationwide study aimed to explore self-harm and suicide ideation and its predictive variables during the pandemic in Indonesia as a MIC with the highest COVID-19 fatality rate in Asia.Methods: Non-random sampling online survey was conducted nationwide between 25 May and 16 June 2021. The collected data were demographic variables (i.e. age group), loneliness from social isolation using The UCLA Loneliness Scale Six Items (ULS-6), and self-harm and suicide ideation using item 9 of The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Predictive model was analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression.Results: A total of 5,211 participants from all 34 provinces in Indonesia completed the survey. Among 39.3% of them reported self-harm and suicide ideation during the pandemic, which significantly correlated with loneliness. The predictive variables associated with the likelihood of self-harm and suicide ideation were age, residence, job, religion, sex-gender, sexual orientation, HIV status, disability status, and loneliness. The predictive model showed a significant goodness-of-fit to the observed data (x2(15) = 1,803.46, p<.001), RN2 = .40.Conclusion: Four out of 10 Indonesians experienced self-harm and suicide ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly people within the age range of 18-24, living in the Java Island, unemployed/student/retired and freelancer, women, members of minority and marginalized communities, and experience of loneliness during the pandemic.
Expressive in Counseling: Play and Humor
Authors: Aliifah Jihan
Published: November 2021

Bermain dan humor (play and humor) adalah seni tingkat tertinggi. Keduanya sering kurang dimanfaatkan, tidak dihargai, dan terkadang disalahpahami, hingga doabaikan untuk digunakan dalam proses konseling, karena konseling dianggap sebagai pekerjaan yang serius dan dipandang sebagai kebalikan dari kesenangan dan kenikmatan. Dengan demikian, artikel ini dibuat untuk membahas terkait play and humor dalam konseling, serta bagaimana efektivitasnya jika digunakan dalam konseling. Artikel ini dibuat dengan metode studi literatur mengenai play and humor di dalam konseling. Hasilnya membuktikan bahwa play and humor efektif untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu teknik dalam konseling.
Numerosity Structures the Expression of Quantity in Lexical Numbers and Grammatical Number
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: November 2021

Using data from the World Atlas of Language Structures and other sources, this study analyzed 905 languages for the presence of grammatical number (GN) and lexical numbers (LNs) to investigate what the distribution of these linguistic features might suggest about the relationship between language and numerosity, the perceptual system for quantity. Nearly 7% of the sample had LNs but lacked GN, and GN never occurred without LNs, implying that LNs may develop first and that GN is neither necessary nor sufficient for developing LNs, despite its role in helping children acquire number concepts when present as a feature of language. The geographic-temporal distribution of the two linguistic features additionally supported the idea that LNs may emerge prior to GN. Furthermore, the “one-two-three-many” structure of both LNs and GN, along with the failure of historic artificial intelligence modeling to converge on real-world number system solutions, suggested that numerosity may structure the expression of quantity in both linguistic domains. The role of the hand in numbers (the interaction of numerosity with cognitive processes such as finger gnosia, haptic perception, and neural reactions to tools) implies that LNs may originate in tactile engagement with material structures that may subsequently extend to nontactile domains, such as GN.
Finger-Counting and Numerical Structure
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: November 2021

Number systems differ cross-culturally in characteristics like how high counting extends and which number is used as a productive base. Some of this variability can be linked to the way the hand is used in counting. The linkage shows that devices like the hand used as external representations of number have the potential to influence numerical structure and organization, as well as aspects of numerical language. These matters suggest that cross-cultural variability may be, at least in part, a matter of whether devices are used in counting, which ones are used, and how they are used.
Pragmatic Transfer in Advanced Saudi EFL Learners’ Refusals
Authors: Al-Juraywi Jawaher Abdulaziz Hamad
Published: November 2021

The present study investigated pragmatic transfer in the refusals of advanced Saudi learners of English as a foreign language (SEFL) in terms of the frequency and content of the emantic formulas, and whether their refusals correspond more to those of Saudi native speakers of Arabic (NSA) or native speakers of English (NSE). A total of 45 female subjects participated in the study and were divided into three groups: advanced SEFL as the target group (n = 15), NSA as a baseline data group (n = 15), and NSE as a baseline data group (n = 15). The study employed a mixed-method data collection approach consisting of a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) and semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using the chi-square test and descriptive statistics. The results of the study revealed that pragmatic transfer was evident in the refusals of the SEFL group in both the frequency and content of semantic formulas. Moreover, the SEFL group’s realization of the speech act of refusal corresponded more to the NSA group than the NSE group. The analysis revealed that the SEFL group’s use of the direct refusal strategies, indirect refusal strategies, and adjuncts to refusals either resembled or approximated the NSA group’s use of the strategies to refuse all of the four stimulus types: requests, invitations, offers, and suggestions. Both the SEFL and NSA groups used the direct refusal strategies in a similar pattern; they used the direct strategies significantly less with interlocutors of a lower and higher social status, and significantly more with interlocutors of an equal social status. Furthermore, the content of the semantic formulas used by the SEFL group corresponded more to the content of the semantic formulas used by the NSA group in terms of the degree of specificity and the choice of the type of specific excuses. The SEFL group significantly approximated the NSA group’s use of both specific and unspecific excuses; they used three categories of specific excuses in a similar frequency: family, health, and personal preferences or needs.
Materiality and Numerical Cognition: A Material Engagement Theory Perspective
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, the author applies Malafouris’s material engagement theory to counting technologies (bodies and artifacts) through three central ideas: the extended mind hypothesis suggests that numerical cognition includes material devices for counting in a way that goes beyond mere causal linkage. Counting technologies have different affordances that alter their material agency and varies numerical system outcomes. The enactive significance of material signs is compared to the communicative significance of linguistic signs to suggest that numerical system outcomes are shaped, at least in part, by the ways in which they differ. Insights from material engagement theory are then applied to representational counting technologies to suggest new ways of interpreting Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic artifacts.
Updating the Abstract-Concrete Distinction in Ancient Near Eastern Numbers
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: November 2021

The characterization of early token-based accounting using a concrete concept of number, later numerical notations an abstract one, has become well entrenched in the literature. After reviewing its history and assumptions, this article challenges the abstract-concrete distinction, presenting an alternative view of change in Ancient Near Eastern number concepts, wherein numbers are abstract from their inception and materially bound when most elaborated. The alternative draws on the chronological sequence of material counting technologies used in the Ancient Near East—fingers, tallies, tokens, and numerical notations—as reconstructed through archaeological and textual evidence and as interpreted through Material Engagement Theory, an extended-mind framework in which materiality plays an active role (Malafouris 2013).
Knowledge and practice modifications regarding COVID-19 among dental practitioners of Nepal
Authors: Ranjit Rebicca , Manandhar Pratik , Bista Soni , Ranjit Elijma
Published: November 2021

Introduction: COVID-19 has adversely gridlocked many sectors including dentistry. A good knowledge regarding the disease eventually determines the preparedness of dentists to provide relatively safe dental services.

Objectives: This research was conducted to evaluate knowledge and relevant practice modifications among dental practitioners of Nepal during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology: A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted among dental practitioners of all the provinces of Nepal. They were enquired for sociodemographic details and their knowledge, and the modifications they adopted while practising dentistry during this pandemic. The scores were summed up, and mean scores for knowledge and practice were calculated respectively which were further expressed as a percentage. Inferential statistics (Independent t-test and ANOVA, p < 0.05) were used to examine differences between study variables.

Results: Out of 422 participants, most of them belonged to 31-40 years age group (178, 42.2%) and majority were females (246, 58.3%). Mean knowledge scores were significantly higher among practitioners of age ≥51 years, males, specialists, those working in both clinic and hospital, and those who have been practising dentistry for ≥10 years.  Mean practice scores were significantly better among specialists.

Conclusion: The overall mean scores for knowledge was good (81.3%) while for practice, overall mean score was poor (44.6%). The main reason behind the poor practice modifications despite good knowledge score could be the lack of minimum requirements for infection control in developing countries like Nepal.
Head and Neck Swelling: A Cytopathological Perspective in a Hospital Based Study.
Authors: Shrestha Sujan , Khadka Dinesh , Bhandari Sujita
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is a simple, relatively less painful, cost-effective minimal invasive procedure commonly employed in the evaluation of head and neck swellings. There are limited studies on cytological findings of head and neck swelling in Nepal.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to study cytological findings of head and neck swellings. This study further intends to classify the nature of the swelling and use standardized international reporting system wherever required.
Methodology: This is a retrospective hospital-based study done in the Department of Pathology at the Helping Hands Community Hospital, Kathmandu between 1 January 2019 and 32 December 2019. Slides of all FNAC from head and neck swelling done during this period was retrieved and evaluated for the study. Chi-Squared (χ2) test was used to investigate the significance of epidemiological and cytological parameters.
Results: Males (56%) had more head and neck swelling than females (44%). The younger age group of less than twenty-five (< 25) years had more frequency of head and swelling followed by the older age group of more than fifty (>50) years. The most common site for Fine needle aspiration was lymph nodes (58%) followed by thyroid swelling (23%). Salivary gland swellings were the least frequent (5%). Of all the swelling, 17% of cases were attributed to malignant causes. Infective/Inflammatory causes (55%) were the most common cause of lymph node swellings. Metastatic carcinoma was more prevalent in the older age group of more than fifty (>50) years with a prevalence of 21% of total cases studies. Most of the thyroid swellings were found to be benign (58%) whereas 16% of thyroid swellings belonged to the malignant category. The total numbers of salivary gland swelling were the least with 55% of cases having benign neoplastic etiology. Diagnosis of developmental anomalies like a thyroglossal cyst, lymphangioma, branchial cyst, though relatively less common (10%) were also made with the help of cytologic studies.
Conclusion: Fine Needle Aspiration is a useful method to differentiate benign and infective cases of head and neck swelling from neoplastic cases.
Outcome of Tobacco Smoking Habit on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant parameters in Anemic Individuals
Authors: Madhikarmi Nirjala Laxmi , Gautam Madhav
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Globally tobacco smoking is considered as a foremost public health problem. Erythrocytes membrane lipids are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and the oxidative effects of oxygen on its membrane are greater than other tissues and the condition is heightened by tobacco smoke.Free radicals present in the tobacco increases peroxidation products in blood and vascular tissues are chiefly responsible for harmful effects.

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the impact of stress induced by tobacco smoke on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters in patients with anemia.

Methodology: A hospital-based case-control study was carried out in Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital, included 150 tobacco smoking anemic and 150 healthy volunteers. The stress parameter was assessed by the determination of malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide and nitric oxide. The non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E and total antioxidant activity and enzymatic antioxidants were catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were also determined.

Result: Hemoglobin level in anemic smokers showed raised level as compared to healthyindividualsbut there was diminished antioxidants status and elevated free radical parameters in anemic smokersdespite their raised hemoglobin status.We found statistically increased malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide and nitric oxide levels and decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status, thus increasing the oxidative stress.

Conclusion: The present study showed high concentration of hemoglobin, low status of non-enzymatic antioxidants and high levels of oxidants as compared to controls reflecting the destructive and oxidative effects of tobacco smoke.