bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hábitos de consumo de cigarros convencionais e eletrônicos entre acadêmicos de Medicina
Authors: Souza Daniela Maysa , Faria Elisa Andrade
Published: February 2025

Introdução: O tabagismo é um problema de saúde pública com prevalência crescente entre os jovens, impulsionada pelo aumento do uso de cigarros eletrônicos. Objetivo: Investigar os hábitos de tabagismo e o conhecimento sobre o cigarro eletrônico, dos acadêmicos do curso de medicina da Universidade Regional de Blumenau. Material e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, realizado com 232 estudantes regularmente matriculados no curso de medicina da Universidade Regional de Blumenau, aprovado sob Certificado de Apresentação de Apreciação Ética 71107823.1.0000.5370. Os dados foram coletados em agosto de 2023, por meio de um questionário estruturado, via plataforma Google®. A análise descritiva dos dados foi feita com auxílio do Microsoft Excel®. Resultados e Discussão: Emergiram três categorias analíticas: Hábitos de utilização de cigarro convencional e eletrônico; Conhecimento sobre o cigarro convencional comparado ao eletrônico e Abordagem sobre cigarro eletrônico na graduação. O perfil dos fumantes é composto por homens, cursando o internato, com idade de 24,8 anos, residem sozinhos, com saídas noturnas de duas a três vezes por semana. 3,4% se consideram fumantes regulares de cigarro convencional e 23,4% de cigarro eletrônico, com consumo diário de cigarro convencional superior ao eletrônico. Quanto a fonte de obtenção de informações acerca da temática, a maioria indicou a mídia informal. Conclusão: Os estudantes conhecem em partes os riscos à saúde envolvidos com o hábito do consumo, consideram os conhecimentos adquiridos na graduação insuficientes para a prática clínica, sentindo-se inseguros à futura prática profissional. É imprescindível que este tema seja amplamente discutido na graduação.
Management of Principal Leadership in Improving Teacher Performance to Optimize the Quality of Education at Tenggarong Elementary School
Authors: Basuni  , Komariyah Laili , Nurlaili
Published: February 2025

An effective school principal must possess good leadership skills to create a conducive learning environment, develop teacher competencies, and ensure that the learning process runs smoothly. This study aims to describe the planning, organizing, implementation, and supervision carried out by the principal in improving teacher performance to maximize the quality of education at Muhammadiyah 1 Elementary School in Tenggarong. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection techniques include observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with data validity checks through source and method triangulation. The results indicate that at the planning stage, Muhammadiyah 1 emphasizes strengthening religious values and utilizing technology in learning; at the organizing stage, a deliberative approach is used with support from Muhammadiyah institutions; at the implementation stage, the focus is on religious activities and the use of technology to create a dynamic and interactive learning environment; and at the supervision stage, it is conducted through structured evaluations, classroom observations, and regular evaluation meetings. By implementing the results of this research, it is hoped that a better and more competitive educational environment can be created, capable of producing a higher quality generation.
Building for Success? Ninth-Grade Course Failures and School Configurations
Authors: Morris Sarah , McKenzie Sarah
Published: February 2025

This research study investigates the influence of school building configurations on the likelihood of ninth-grade student course failure. We analyze data from the 2017-18 and 2018-19 school years in Arkansas, and we categorize buildings as “Non-transitional,” “Focus,” or “Traditional.” Employing logistic regression models and interaction terms, our research finds that ninth-grade students are less likely to fail in “Focus” building configurations compared to “Non-transitional” and “Traditional” building configurations. Moreover, we find economically disadvantaged ninth-grade students are less likely to fail when they attend “Focus” buildings than “Non-transitional” or “Traditional” buildings. Our findings emphasize the importance of interventions and policy adjustments to address ninth-grade students’ academic challenges, especially in transitional years and buildings, and underscore the relationship between building environments and cultures on ninth-grade achievement.
An Investigation into Two Mathematics Score Reports: Problem Solving Measure (PSM) and Measurement of Academic Progress (MAP)
Authors: Lawson Benjamin , Bostic Jonathan
Published: February 2025

K-12 teachers and staff need high-quality score reports that accurately report students’ results. However, research about score reports that K-12 teachers and staff use indicates that they infrequently are given opportunities to share feedback to developers. To address this, we gathered feedback from teachers and administrators, in an explanatory sequential design of a mixed-methods study. A purpose of the study was to examine score report quality from two mathematics assessments. Two researchers surveyed in-service professionals (n = 34) about two score reports. Then, we conducted follow-up interviews (n = 6) to further unpack what school personnel find valuable and useful in score reports. Results indicated that teachers and administrators found the two score reports to be satisfactory but generally preferred one over the other. K-12 teachers and staff also expressed value in being able to perceive student growth easily across grade levels. This study illuminates the importance of providing quality introductory information on a score report for test users. Improvements for these score reports and recommendations for scholarship related to their development is offered. The present study calls upon score report developers to maintain best practices described by past research.
The return of Vyborg governorate to the "inner" Russia: the legal dimension of the search for national borders
Authors: Tarabara Dmitry Olegovich
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the analysis of projects for joining first part and then the entire territory of the Vyborg province of the Grand Duchy of Finland to the St. Petersburg province bordering it. The features of the government discourse that emerged during the discussion of the planned transformations are considered, and a comparative analysis of cases of "symbolic" confrontation of the imperial administration with alternative national projects for territories with a special institutional structure is carried out. The object of the study is the national policy of the Russian Empire towards Finland in the 1910s, the subject is the office materials of the Special Meeting on the Affairs of the Grand Duchy of Finland and the interdepartmental Commission chaired by Secretary of State S. E. Kryzhanovsky. The main attention is paid to the draft law "On the accession of the Kivineb, Novokirk and Teriyok communities of the Vyborg province to the St. Petersburg province." The author used traditional methods for historical and legal research: analysis, synthesis, a systematic approach and formal legal. It is concluded that the projects under study, on the one hand, reflected a change in the priorities of the national policy of the Russian government from a broad program of Russification of the outskirts to the formation of the "national core" of the empire, on the other hand, represented a unique attempt to harmonize two different institutional systems and alternative approaches to political modernization. In this regard, the work places special emphasis on the limits of social and political transformations acceptable to the highest Russian bureaucracy in such matters as the class affiliation of subjects, the organization of local self-government and the unification of the legal system. The results of the study make it possible to correct traditional historiographical approaches to the national policy of the late Russian Empire, and also highlight the complex internal logic of the legislative process during the Duma monarchy.
"One-story" Zemstvo: K. N. Paskhalov's project on the abolition of provincial zemstvo institutions
Authors: Polyanina Olga  Anatolyevna
Published: February 2025

The subject of the study is the project of one of the leaders of the right-wing movement of pre-revolutionary Russia, K. N. Paskhalov, on the abolition of provincial zemstvo institutions. The main purpose of the work is to evaluate Paskhalov's reforms that took place in the zemstvo —local government system. Based on this goal, the author faced two tasks: 1) to analyze the mechanism of transition to a "one-story" zemstvo developed by Paskhalov; 2) to study the results of the discussion of these ideas in zemstvos and on the pages of the periodical press. Special attention is paid to the legal prerequisites for the formation of the Paskhalov concept. The emphasis is placed on the relevance of this topic, since the arguments of Paskhalov's supporters and opponents may be in demand during the discussion on the territorial organization of local self-government in modern Russia. The methods used in this study include historical and legal ones. Methodological foundations also include the principle of objectivity, the principle of historicism, and the principle of consistency. The scientific novelty of the work consists in comparing Paskhalov's project with the responses to his proposals from the zemstvo authorities and individual municipal figures. According to Paskhalov, the Zemstvo Regulations should have clearly delineated the powers and functions of the two levels of zemstvo self-government. The absence of such standards led to an increase in unproductive expenditures of the provincial zemstvo and to the depletion of county budgets. Paskhalov argued that the county should remain the only territorial unit of local government. The procedure for the transition to a single-level model provided for the gradual transfer of the provincial zemstvo's property and capital into the hands of the counties. In the course of the study, it was found that Paskhalov's project caused quite a large public outcry. In 1909-1910, this topic was discussed at county zemstvo meetings in different regions. Many zemstvo leaders agreed with Paskhalov's theses on the need to reform medical institutions, road and insurance business. Several county zemstvos decided on the need to abolish provincial local government bodies. In 1911, the topic was repeatedly discussed on the pages of the specialized magazine Zemstvo Business. Objecting to the complete transition to a "one-story" zemstvo, the authors of the magazine, at the same time, proposed a number of specific measures to regulate the relationship between provincial and county zemstvos.
Female image in Russian village prose (religious aspect)
Authors: Wang Fan' , Galai Karina Nazirovna
Published: February 2025

In Russian village prose, the female image is often viewed through the prism of the religious aspect, which emphasizes its deep spiritual nature and connection with traditions. Women in these works act as bearers of folk morality and religious values, and their characters and actions often illustrate biblical archetypes. The study of female images in the context of religion allows us to identify their role in preserving the cultural identity and spiritual life of the village. Women, as keepers of traditions, are symbols of steadfastness and devotion, which makes them important figures in the literary heritage. Analyzing their images, we can better understand the relationship between religiosity and social status, as well as the influence of religious ideas on the formation of female identity in the context of village life. Subject of the study: studying female images in Russian village prose through the prism of religious beliefs and the influence of Orthodox traditions on the formation of their characters. Literary analysis of texts (works by Shukshin, Rasputin and others), comparative analysis (analysis of religious motives in the works of different authors), historical and cultural approach, sociological approach, phenomenological approach, symbolic analysis and contextual analysis are the research methodology of this article. Russian village prose has traditionally focused on the depiction of rural life and its close connection with the Orthodox faith and cultural foundations. The female image in this literature acts not only as the keeper of family values, but also as a symbol of religious traditions, embodying spiritual quests and sacrifice. The role of religion in the lives of Russian village women deeply influences their decisions, internal conflicts and destinies. This study aims to reveal religious motives in the construction of these images, analyze their influence on the heroines and their interaction with spiritual and social expectations.
Creating the effect of presence in mobile broadcasts of the main media during emergency events
Authors: Zhou Shengnan
Published: February 2025

In the era of mobile Internet, smart devices provide the ability to quickly disseminate information. In emergency situations, mainstream media use mobile technologies to promptly cover events through live broadcasts, which has become an important channel for informing the society. Mobile live broadcasting is divided into fast and slow depending on the content update and audience interaction. The integration of augmented and virtual reality technologies enhances the effect of presence, allowing for a closer connection between viewers and victims. However, this also places new demands on the professionalism of journalists and the reliability of the information provided, which can lead to the spread of rumors. The main objective of this paper is to investigate how mainstream media create the effect of presence in mobile broadcasts by analyzing the content delivery mode, updating technologies and audience mobilization. This study identifies gaps in the theoretical basis for constructing the feeling of presence in live broadcasts based on a systematic review of the literature on this topic. Case studies, empirical research and content analysis are used to study the communication characteristics of modern technologies and their impact on the effectiveness of informing in mobile broadcasting during emergency situations. Empirical research shows that mobile live broadcasting has several advantages: firstly, it is more flexible to carry and shoot, which reduces the workload of journalists; secondly, the lens allows recording events from different angles and carrying out various live broadcasts; thirdly, the continuous presence of mobile reporting in real time minimizes the loss of relevant information, increasing the completeness and reliability of emergency content. It is obvious that the flexibility of mobile equipment and the multidimensional nature of live broadcasting significantly increase the audience's trust in the media. In this regard, the mainstream media needs to adapt to modern challenges and continuously improve the quality of news coverage in order to effectively protect the public interest and meet the needs of their audiences.
The destructive emotion of anger in Korean idioms
Authors: Pak Marianna Davidovna
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the destructive emotion of anger is considered through the prism of Korean idioms. The research is aimed at identifying the semantic features of idioms, various aspects of their use and the conceptual metaphors they use. The main focus is on how physiological reactions to anger are reflected in language, as well as how cultural contexts influence the understanding of these idioms, as well as how linguistic features of the Korean language shape the perception and expression of anger in society. The subject of the study is the destructive emotion of anger and its reflection in Korean idioms, as well as cultural and social aspects that influence the formation of these expressions. The destructive emotion of anger is a complex psychological condition that can have a significant impact on human behavior and interaction with others. It is important to note that anger not only affects individual feelings, but also affects cultural norms and linguistic expressions, including idioms.Research methodology: The study uses a qualitative analysis of idiomatic expressions related to anger using a comparative method. The lexical composition and semantics of idioms, as well as their cultural context, are analyzed. The content analysis method is also used to identify common themes and patterns in the use of idioms. The novelty of the research: The work is the first comprehensive study of the destructive emotion of anger in Korean idioms, which allows us to identify unique aspects of Korean culture and language. The study also establishes parallels between Korean and Russian idioms, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the universality and specificity of metaphorical perception of emotions. Conclusions: The results of the study show that Korean idioms associated with anger not only reflect emotional states, but also serve as indicators of social norms and values. The revealed metaphors emphasize the importance of context in the interpretation of emotions and indicate the need to take into account cultural differences in the study of linguistic expressions. The research opens up new horizons for further study of the influence of language on emotional perception in different cultures.
Collection of proverbs by Marquis de Santillana and his contribution to the formation of the Pyrenean paremiological tradition
Authors: Bakanova Anna Valentinovna , Terent'eva Ekaterina Dmitrievna
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the early stage of the formation of the Spanish paremiological tradition and the literary and collecting activities of the Marquis de Santillana. The 15th century plays a special role in the history of Spanish folklore, as voluminous annotated dictionaries of proverbs and sayings began to be actively published during this period. The research material is the first collection of proverbs published in Spain, "Refranes … que diçen las viejas tras el fuego; e van ordenados por la orden del A, B, C", the authorship of which is attributed to the Spanish statesman and poet Marquis de Santillana (Iñigo Lopez de Mendoza y de la Vega). X. de Navascuez notes that the edition of the collection of paremias was prepared by Santillana by order of King Juan II. Researchers (Y. L. Obolenskaya, N. G. Sulimova, M. M. Rayevskaya) emphasize that the Renaissance in Spain is strongly influenced by the Italian humanistic tradition, thanks to which new poetic forms are coming to Spanish literature, and Santillana is the first among Spanish authors to turn to the sonnet. A special contribution to the study of poetic art is made by Santillana's letter to the Constable Don Pedro of Portugal, which is considered the first Spanish poetics and which examines the issues of literary history and theory. The internal conditions for the development of Spanish culture during this period were the focus of new trends in aristocratic circles, an increased interest in the humanities, including folk culture, which, in the absence of an established literary tradition, makes proverbs and sayings in Castilian examples of correct linguistic usage. It is also necessary to take into account the influence of the Northern European humanist tradition with its attentive attitude to oral folk art and the authoritative collection of proverbs by Erasmus of Rotterdam. The folklore texts from Santillana's collection are vivid examples of the Spanish folk tradition and laid the foundation for the formation of the Pyrenean paremiological fund in the 15th century.
China's Image in the People's Daily Newspaper on the Russian Platform VK
Authors: Chen Zhe
Published: February 2025

The subject of this study is the analysis of content published by the official account of *People's Daily* on the VK platform, aimed at promoting a positive image of China among the Russian audience. The research covers publications from January to September 2024 and includes thematic and quantitative analysis to identify key communication strategies. Focus is placed on content formats, user engagement levels, and cultural adaptation of materials. The study is based on the theoretical foundations of intercultural communication, uses and gratification theory, and framing theory. Results emphasize the importance of content localization, multimedia elements, and cultural context in effective communication with the Russian audience. The study also provides recommendations for improving external communication strategies. Methods of content and thematic analysis are applied, using Popster software to examine the official *People's Daily* account's publications on VK. The analysis aims to identify key themes, content formats, and engagement levels of the Russian audience. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a comprehensive approach to studying digital communication on the VK platform, revealing the relationship between content type, presentation format, and audience engagement levels. The use of thematic modeling (LDA) for classifying publications highlights the importance of personalized interaction strategies in intercultural communication. The study demonstrates how adapting foreign economic communications to the local cultural and cognitive characteristics of the Russian audience improves perception and increases engagement. Practical recommendations are proposed, including the use of gamification, interactive events, and multimedia content creation, which help boost user interest. These findings contribute to expanding knowledge about the processes of building national image in the context of global digitalization. The work can serve as a foundation for developing effective media strategies that consider cultural context and platform-specific interaction.
REVIEW OF THE GENUS TONDANOTETTIX C. WILLEMSE, 1928 (ORTHOPTERA: TETRIGIDAE)
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia, Storozhenko S. Yu.
Published: February 2025

The genus Tondanotettix C. Willemse, 1928 includes two species endemic to
Sulawesi Island (Indonesia). The third species, T. doloduo sp. n., is described from northeast
part of this island. Tondanotettix is most similar to the genus Hyboella Hancock, 1915
(Metrodorinae) but differs from latter in the arch-like infrascapular area and a deeply
excised apex of pronotal process. Therefore Tondanotettix is transferred here from subfamily
Cladonotinae to subfamily Metrodorinae. An annotated list and a key to species and subspecies
of this genus are provided also.
NEW RECORDS OF ORB-WEAVING SPIDERS OF THE GENUS CYCLOSA MENGE 1866 (ARANEI: ARANEIDAE) FROM THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST
Authors:   State University, Bukireva Street 15, Perm, 614600, Russia, Tiunov A. V. , Ustinova A. L. ,   State University, Bukireva Street 15, Perm, 614600, Russia
Published: February 2025

The localities, illustrations and diagnostic characters for three species of the
genus Cyclosa Menge, 1866 (Araneidae) are given. Two species, C. ginnaga Yaginuma,
1959 and C. onoi Tanikawa, 1992, are new for the fauna of Primorsky Krai, while C.
sedeculata Karsch, 1879 is recorded from Russia for the first time.
Trauma hepático: abordagens clínicas, tratamento não operatório e desafios em cuidados de emergência
Authors: Pereira João Vitor Galaxe de Andrade , Fernandes Jonathan Jordão de Mello , Camurça João Paulo Aniceto , Barbosa Maria Eduarda Souza , França Eduarda Freitas , Amaral Isadora Bichiatto do , Montina Diego Neves , Silva Isabella Peres da , Almeida Maria Fernanda Campos de , Sacramento Neidejany de Assunção do
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar as estratégias e intervenções no controle de danos em traumas hepáticos, identificando abordagens eficazes e os principais desafios no manejo inicial e nas fases subsequentes do tratamento. Metodo: Revisão integrativa realizada por meio de uma busca na base de dados PubMed Central (PMC), sendo incluídos 13 artigos que abordam o controle de danos em traumas hepáticos, publicados entre 2019 e 2024, em inglês e espanhol. Resultados: O manejo não operatório (MNO) mostrou-se eficaz, principalmente em pacientes hemodinamicamente estáveis e com lesões hepáticas de menor gravidade, apresentando taxas de sucesso elevadas e menor tempo de internação. No entanto, casos graves (grau IV ou V), hemoperitônio significativo e a necessidade de angioembolização foram fatores associados ao aumento do risco de falha do MNO, indicando a necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica. A angioembolização e o tamponamento hepático emergiram como técnicas complementares para controlar hemorragias e estabilizar os pacientes. Considerações finais: A abordagem multidisciplinar e individualizada é essencial no manejo do trauma hepático. O MNO é eficaz na maioria dos casos, mas a seleção adequada dos pacientes e a disponibilidade de estratégias adicionais são fundamentais para melhorar os desfechos clínicos.
Desafios no diagnóstico e tratamento da dor abdominal em pacientes idosos
Authors: Ceccon Taíse Cássia Dias , Maize Stephany Camilla Soares , Oliveira Ana Caroline Moura de , Silva Maria Vitória Rodrigues , Ramos Leonardo Pizzolatti Miranda , Bezerra Paulo Victor de Sant Ana , Barros Bruna Machado de , Fabiano Érica Domiciano , Sacramento Neidejany de Assunção do
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre a identificação da causa da dor abdominal em idosos e o manejo adequado para um tratamento satisfatório, utilizando uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica, que utilizou a base de dados eletrônica PubMed. Os termos de pesquisa incluíram "dor abdominal", "dor abdominal em idosos", "manejo" e suas combinações. Um total de 12 artigos foram selecionados para análise detalhada. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram as complexidades associadas ao diagnóstico e tratamento da dor abdominal em idosos. Estudos recentes destacam as dificuldades no manejo desses pacientes e a importância de abordar essas lacunas, pois uma compreensão mais detalhada pode levar a melhorias nas estratégias de tratamento, reduzindo a morbidade e mortalidade associadas a diversas condições. Considerações Finais: Ressalta-se a importância de um manejo rápido e eficaz nesses casos, uma vez que, em pacientes idosos, as ações devem ser mais resolutivas e assertivas para garantir melhores desfechos clínicos.
Emergências abdominais em pacientes oncológicos: desafios clínicos e manejo de complicações críticas
Authors: Godoy Leticia Jacomassi de , Muller Nathan Augusto , Cardoso Thatiane Silva , Silveira Gabriel Barbiero Castiglione , Carneiro Anna Vitória de Matos , Queiroga Carolina Santucci , Francisco Samara Haddad de Oliveira , Anschau Jenifer Katerine Peres , Sousa Ianna Lanza de , Silva Gabriela Maranhão da
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Explorar e analisar as evidências sobre emergências abdominais em pacientes oncológicos, identificando os principais desafios no diagnóstico e tratamento, bem como suas implicações no prognóstico e qualidade de vida. Métodos: Este estudo é uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa, conduzida seguindo a estratégia PVO. Foram realizadas buscas na base de dados PubMed Central (PMC) usando termos específicos, resultando em 106 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão – artigos dos últimos 10 anos relacionados ao tema – 15 artigos foram selecionados. Resultados: Cirurgias paliativas para pacientes com obstrução intestinal maligna carecem de critérios claros para identificar quem pode se beneficiar. O Seprafilm é amplamente utilizado na prevenção de obstruções intestinais por aderências pós-cirurgias gastrointestinais, sem aumentar complicações como infecções ou vazamentos. O uso de somatostatina ou octreotídeo reduz secreções pancreáticas, favorecendo o manejo conservador. No tratamento cirúrgico do câncer colorretal, complicações como hérnia incisional (IH) e infecções do sítio cirúrgico (SSI) afetam diretamente a recuperação e a qualidade de vida. Considerações finais: São necessárias futuras investigações e contínua atualização dos profissionais para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes oncológicos.
The Influence of Parental Neglect on School Dropout among Multicultural Adolescents: The Double Mediation Effect of Teacher Relationships and School Adjustment
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Psychology, Lim Da-Eun , Cho Young-Il
Published: February 2025

As the population of multicultural adolescents in Korean society continues to grow(Basic Educational Statistics, 2023), the need for research on the characteristics and adaptation of these adolescents is growing. In particular, multicultural adolescents have a higher school dropout rate compared to their non-multicultural peers, which underscores the need to study risk factors related to dropout among these adolescents. This study aims to examine the double mediation effect of teacher relationships and school adjustment on the influence of parental neglect on school dropout among multicultural adolescents. SPSS Process Macro (Model 6) was used for analysis, utilizing data from the 9th wave (2019) of the first wave of the Multicultural Adolescent Panel Data, with a sample of 1,146 participants. The results show that parental neglect significantly influences both lifestyle and attitude-related school dropout risk factors, as well as dropout risk factors related to peer and senior-junior relationships, through teacher relationships and school adjustment. Specifically, school maladjustment affects lifestyle and attitude-related dropout risk factors, while school adjustment impacts dropout risk factors related to peer and senior-junior relationships. Based on these findings, this study suggests appropriate intervention methods to address school dropout among multicultural adolescents.
A Study on the Criminal’s Character-Forming
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Psychology, Jeong Duke-Young
Published: February 2025

Scholars depict punishment as a moral dialogue between the community and the offender, which addresses both the offender’s crime and character. However, how the penal message evolves vis a vis that crime and character as it passes through the different stages of the criminal process has remained under-theorized. This article, building on communicative theory, explores the interrelation between crime and character along the penal process, from sentencing, through prison, to parole release. We argue that in the penal dialogue the relationship between crime and character evolves in a dynamic way through three phases: separateness(sentencing), fusion(prison), and re-distinction(parole) of crime and character. The proposed analysis develops the communicative meaning of the penal process, provides a normative account of the work of punishment administration authorities, and explores applications of our proposed normative analysis for the administration of the punishment.
A Study on Strengthening Practical Connectivity of Security Service Major Curriculum : Focusing on Field Practitioners' Evaluation
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Psychology, Jeong Seung Min
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the practical relevance of the security service major curriculum and develop improvement measures. According to the research findings, while the practical suitability and field applicability of the current curriculum were evaluated as moderate, 12% of the evaluations indicated inadequate field applicability. In particular, regarding the gap between curriculum and practical work, 48% reported a moderate level, while 32% indicated a significant gap, demonstrating an urgent need for improving practical education. The study identified mental capacity, communication skills, and crisis response capabilities as core competencies required for enhancing practical connectivity, with field training, qualification-related special lectures, and team projects suggested as effective teaching methods. Based on this analysis, this study suggests the following improvement measures. First, a practical competency-based curriculum is necessary, requiring expanded field training and internship programs, along with the introduction of a team-teaching system involving field practitioners. Second, an industry-academia cooperation system should be established to expand field training opportunities and regularize special lectures by field experts. Third, specialized programs should be introduced to strengthen core competencies, including mental capacity, communication skills, and crisis response abilities. Fourth, connections with professional qualification systems should be strengthened, and an employment support system should be established. The effective implementation of these improvement measures requires both independent efforts from educational institutions and continuous cooperation with industry.
An analysis of sentencing in rape cases: Does victim typicality play a role
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Psychology, Han Sang Woo , Lee Jungwon
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the impact of victim-related characteristics, including “ideal victimhood,” as well as defendant and case-related factors on judgments of guilt and sentencing in rape cases. Using a database of 637 court rulings, logistic regression and multiple regression analyses were conducted. The findings indicate that when the victim's testimony is deemed inadmissible as evidence, the likelihood of a guilty verdict decreases as the time gap between the incident date and the first trial ruling increases. Additionally, cases where the defendant’s personal information is disclosed show an increased likelihood of a guilty verdict. In terms of sentencing, when the defendant has a close relationship with the victim, the sentence tends to be reduced, whereas in cases involving a defendant with prior criminal records, the sentence tends to increase as the time gap between the incident and the ruling widens. These results suggest that perceptions of victimhood may influence decisions on guilt and sentencing, highlighting the importance of the victim's initial response and credibility assessment in rape cases.
A Study on Theimprove Criminal Policy on Youth gambling psychological addiction
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Psychology, Kim Bong Soo
Published: February 2025

Gambling is one of the difficult crimes of healing and recovery because it destroys human nature. In other words, it is a typical crime called a person who stops drinking due to dry drinking symptoms and lasts a long time, but has a personality defect like drinking alcohol, and an adult child (ACOA) who has grown up and behaves inappropriately and immaturely without recovering from experience even in adulthood. The adult child problem of an addict in adulthood causes the seriousness of the child experience of the addict.
According to the analysis results of the National Police Agency, 171 juvenile offenders suspected of gambling (ages 14 to 19) were criminally charged in 2023, a 2.3 times increase from '22 (74), and most of them were male adolescents (92.4%). Although the number of high school students (64 students) was higher than that of middle school students (32), the average age was 16.1 years, which has been steadily decreasing over the past five years, confirming that gambling crimes are spreading to younger age groups. In particular, adolescents have been exposed to new crimes called gambling, such as false perceptions of play in our society, impulses, academic and family discord, the impact of peer relationships, difficulties in family relationships, and irrational gambling beliefs.
Adolescents' gambling problem is different from adult gambling addiction. According to the diagnostic criteria of DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition), a mental disease classification system, adult gambling problem behavior can be diagnosed as an addiction disorder, but in the case of adolescents, the term 'gambling problem' is preferred by academia rather than by expressing it as a pathological gambling addiction disorder. Currently, most members of our society use smartphones, and since the beginning of 2020, the problems related to smartphone addiction and online gambling among adolescents have increased rapidly. Hereinafter, I would like to suggest ways to improve the criminal policy calculation for youth gambling psychological addiction.
Relationship between foreign contact and fear of criminal victimization
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Psychology, Kim Yujin , Cho Younoh
Published: February 2025

Notwithstanding the considerable rise in the number of foreign nationals residing in South Korea, xenophobic attitudes towards foreigners remain pervasive in the country. These prejudices and associated misconceptions and stereotypes not only impede social integration but also engender unwarranted fear. However, there is a paucity of research examining the relationship between prejudice-related factors and fear of crime victimization in Korea. This study aimed to ascertain whether the frequency of actual contact with foreigners reduces fear of crime victimization. This was done in order to test Allport's (1954) contact theory, which states that prejudice and negative attitudes toward other groups decrease as contact with them increases. A total of 463 respondents were analyzed in the secondary data downloaded from the Social Science Research Institute's “Survey on Perceptions of Changes in Criminal Policies Related to Multiculturalism.” The results indicated a significant correlation between the frequency of foreign contact and fear of crime victimization. However, contrary to what contact theory suggests, the more frequent the foreign contact, the greater the fear of crime victimization. Furthermore, gender and age group had a significant effect on fear of crime victimization, but average monthly personal income had no effect. This paper provides an interpretation of the results, discusses the need to develop multicultural policies to reduce fear of crime victimization, and presents policy recommendations based on the results.
Program Kokoh Cerdas Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Dan Penanganan Stunting Di Dusun Loncatan Desa Mangaran Kecamatan Ajung Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Utami Bayu Tri , Wati Lovia Fradella , Prasetyo Eko , Anggariesta Zhenvio Gilang , Romadhan Khoirul , Susanto Tantut
Published: February 2025

Penyelesaian  permasalahan pada   program   inovasi stunting harus dilakukan  dengan  kerjasama  yang  melibatkan berbagai  pihak,  baik  pihak  internal  maupun pihak eksternal. Program inovasi yaitu KOKOH DAN CERDAS (KOmunitas KOmpak & Harmonis Dalam menANgani & menCegah Risiko Stunting) dengan tujuan untuk menurunkan dan pencegahan kejadian stunting dengan melibatkan lintas sektor dimana program yang dicanangkan berisi program berbasis evidence based sehingga optimalisasi program dapat diukur, dievaluasi secara terstruktur dan program tersebut dapat dikembangkan menjadi sebuah program yang berkelanjutan. Program ini dilakukan selama tiga bulan sejak bulan November-Desember 2024. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah metode dengan pendekatan sosialisasi dan edukasi yang disertai adanya pre-test dan post-test. Pre-test dan post-test dilakukan untuk melihat pengetahuan dan sikap para kelompok sasaran sebelum dan sesudah di intervensi atau di edukasi. Metode ini menggunakan desain survei untuk melihat perubahan perilaku pada sasaran yang terlibat dalam pencegahan dan penangan stunting. Hasil pengabdian didapatkan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku ibu tentang stunting sebagian adalah cukup (50%), kurang (50%), dan cukup (37,5%). Sedangkanpengukuran Food Recall menggunakan instrument foto model makanan didapatkan bahwa masih banyak ketidaksesuaian komposisi makanan yang diberikan pada anak balita dengan stunting, dan berdasarkan wawancara dengan ibu responden didapatkan hasil bahwa pernah diajarkan tentang komposisi makanan tetatpi waktunya sedikit dan sepintas saja saat diposyandu. Diperlukan sebuah program dan evaluasi yang berkelanjutan yang dilaksanakan untuk penurunan stunting.
К вопросу о противодействии экстремизму в России
Authors: Батюкова В.Е.
Published: February 2025

Рассматривается современное понимание экстремизма и экстремистской деятельности в России. Автор анализирует статистику, свидетельствующую о росте преступлений экстремистской направленности, и современное законодательство о противодействии экстремизму, а также определяет наиболее распространенные формы экстремизма. Предложены некоторые меры, направленные на противодействие экстремизму, с учетом его наиболее распространенных форм.

The article examines the modern understanding of extremism and extremist activity in Russia. The author analyzes statistics indicating the growth of extremist crimes and modern legislation on counteracting extremism, and also identifies the most common forms of extremism. Some measures aimed at counteracting extremism are proposed, taking into account its most common forms.
Расположение в Уголовном кодексе РФ уголовно-правовых норм о контрабанде и его влияние на судебную практику
Authors: Боев А.В.
Published: February 2025

Цель исследования — проанализировать существующий результат кодификации уголовно-правовых норм об ответственности за контрабанду во взаимосвязи со сложившейся судебной практикой и предложить способы устранения имеющихся противоречий. Методологическую основу исследования составляет аналитический метод, применение которого было необходимо для анализа расположения уголовно-правовых норм об ответственности за контрабанду относительно друг друга и их места в структуре уголовного закона. В результате выявлены противоречия в кодификации уголовно-правовых норм об ответственности за контрабанду. В большинстве случаев совершение контрабанды образует реальную совокупность преступлений с теми уголовно наказуемыми деяниями, составы которых находятся в других разделах и главах Уголовного кодекса РФ и имеют иной объект. Предложено логически завершить кодификацию, исходя из предмета посягательства.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing result of the codification of criminal law norms on responsibility for smuggling in conjunction with established judicial practice and propose ways to eliminate existing contradictions. The methodological basis of the study is an analytical method, the use of which was necessary to analyze the location of criminal law norms on responsibility for smuggling relative to each other and their place in the structure of criminal law. As a result, contradictions were revealed in the codification of criminal law norms on responsibility for smuggling. In most cases, the commission of smuggling forms a real set of crimes with those criminally punishable acts, the compositions of which are in other sections and chapters of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and have a different object. It is proposed to logically complete the codification based on the subject of the encroachment.
Photorelease Reaction of Alcohol from 1,4-Naphthoquinone-based Photodegradable Molecules
Authors: Nurohmah Beta Achromi , Washisaka Motonori , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Morimoto Tsumoru
Published: February 2025

Photodegradable molecules have been extensively studied and practically used for on-demand generation of chemical substances with under ambient conditions. We here present a series of photodegradable molecule based on 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) with a carbonate linker unit and their substituent effect on the photochemical reactivity for alcohol release. The new compounds 3a-d are synthesized and accessed in methanol, acetonitrile (MeCN), and toluene under UV light irradiation by 1H NMR and spectroscopy analysis. The aryl ring substituent on the C-2 position significantly affects the photosensitivity of the photorelease reaction in polar and non-polar solvents. In addition, the coexistence of an external reagent (ethyl vinyl ether) in this photoreaction led to the isolation of Diels-Alder adduct compound 5, rationalized that the 1,4-NQ framework is transformed to intermediate quinone methylene after photorelease, leading to the dimerization of photo-byproduct 4a. From the effect of solvent polarity, reaction rate, and the photoreaction quantum yield, we propose a possible reaction mechanism for the photorelease reaction of alcohols from a naphthoquinone-based photodegradable compound via electron transfer.
Global Kinetic-Thermodynamic Responses: Derivation of a General Non-Linear Equation and Demonstrations on Chemical Reactions
Authors: Garcia-Padilla Eduardo , Qiu Guanqi
Published: February 2025

How to accelerate a reaction has been a critical question in physical organic chemistry, eliciting multiple models describing the interplay between kinetics and thermodynamic driving forces. However, existing models often come with inevitable limitations: valid only within finite thermodynamic ranges, rely on heavy physical assumptions, or treat specific observed reactivity as isolated occurrences. We present the derivation of the non-linear relationship that generalises the relationship between activation energies with respect to reaction energies in chemical reactions, providing a broader and more overarching model than the classical Bell-Evans-Polanyi relationships, Leffler equation, and Marcus equation. This formulation is reached with minimal assumptions, stemming from the principle of microscopic reversibility. In contrast to the commonly observed Brønsted slopes and intrinsic barriers which represent the local approximation of the kinetic-thermodynamic response of a family of reactions only within a small range of reaction energies, we introduce a new set of thermodynamic-independent parameters (Emin, Eeq and θ) that capture the global kinetic-thermodynamic relationship across the entire thermodynamic range. We showcase the applicability of this model and the insights it provides from a set of 1,2-hydride shifts and Beckmann rearrangements, identifying the origin of differences in activation barriers across substrates and enabling the rational evaluation of reactivity trends. The findings demonstrate the chemical significance of the three parameters in the non-linear model inherently affording information about the reaction unattainable through simple data fitting. The equation governing the non-linear relationship provides new paths for the rational modulation of energy barriers, new perspectives towards developing reaction methodology. Our global non-linear relationship can still be applied to a linear approximation within finite thermodynamic ranges, while also enabling the examination and improvement of its reliability, providing straightforward practical guidance for reaction analysis and optimisation.
Development of CPA-Catalyzed b-Selective Reductive Amination of Cardenolides for the Synthesis of Hydrolytically Stable Analogs
Authors: Perry Natasha , Schmitt-Ulms Gerold , Nagorny Pavel
Published: February 2025

This article describes the development of novel, hydrolysis-resistant cardiotonic steroid analogs featuring a 3b-aniline moiety instead of the commonly found 3b-carbohydrates such as oleandrose. To establish the desired 3b-amine configuration stereoselectively, a new method based on chiral phosphoric acid-controlled diastereoselective reductive amination with Hantzsch esters was developed. This method utilizes readily available unsubstituted (S)-BINOL-based hydrogen phosphate as the catalyst, enabling the synthesis of 13 distinct 5b-androsterone and digitoxigenin analogs with up to 36:1 b:a diastereoselectivity. Additionally, this strategy was applied to generate a novel oleandrigenin analog 15 in three steps from the readily available gitoxigenin. The synthetic analogs were screened against the NCI-60 human tumor cell lines, revealing several digitoxigenin derivatives with potent tumor cell growth inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity in the submicromolar range.