bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greening America's Rivers: The Potential of Climate Financing for Nature-Based Water Quality Improvement
Authors: Thomas Evan , Limb Braden , Quinn Jason , Johnson Alex , Sowby Rob , Mehrabi Zia
Published: December 2023

Nature-based solutions have been used to improve in-stream water quality in lieu of building electricity-consuming gray infrastructure. We propose that carbon financing can provide a potential novel incentive to accelerate this transition. Combining data on impaired waters, treatment technologies, and life cycle greenhouse gas emission accounting in the continental United States, we compare traditional gray treatment technologies to green technologies which include constructed wetlands, saturated buffers, and agricultural management practices. We show that across the contiguous United States, green alternatives are less expensive, less energy intensive, and less carbon intensive than gray infrastructure alternatives and could save $15.6 billion USD, 21.7 terawatt-hours of electricity, and 29.8 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent emissions per year while sequestering over 4.2 million CO2e per year over a 40 year time horizon. While incentivizing adoption of green infrastructure remains challenging because of utility and regulator risk aversion, we find that the green solutions may have the potential to generate $679 million annually in carbon credit revenue (at $20/credit), which represents a unique opportunity to help institutionalize green solutions that meet the same water quality standards as gray infrastructure.
Dietary partitioning in the sympatric Paradoxurinae civets in Borneo suggested by compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids
Authors: Nakabayashi Miyabi , Tsutaya Takumi , Ahmad Hamid Abdul , Sasaki Yoko , Ogawa Nanako O , Ishikawa Naoto F , Ohkouchi Naohiko
Published: December 2023

The sympatric four wild Paradoxurinae civet species in Borneo share similar ecological characteristics, but the coexistence mechanism of these species is unclear. We investigated their faunivory, reflected in their tropic positions (TP), by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of bulk hair and compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids. The bulk stable isotope analysis showed distinctly lower nitrogen isotope ratios in binturongs among the four subject species, suggesting the lowest degree of faunivory. The compound-specific stable isotope analysis confirmed little faunivory in binturong and showed a probably varying degree of faunivory in the other species. The estimated TP was the lowest in binturongs (2.0–2.1) and higher in small-toothed palm civets (2.4–2.5), masked palm civets (2.7), and common palm civets (2.9). Although the number of the measured sample for the compound-specific stable isotope analysis is small (n = 2 for each species), our results suggest the varying degree of consumption of animal food sources, such as insects, is the key mechanism of niche partitioning in these four Paradoxurinae civet species in Borneo. Such subtle but important differences in closely related sympatric species would maintain high biodiversity in tropical regions.
Identification of Bacterial Endophytes Isolated From Different Medicinal Plants.
Authors: Shekhawat Beena Kanwar , Kaura Sonia , Sailaja Inampudi , Muhtari Kasim
Published: December 2023

Plants have very potential to live on earth as they supply 90% of human calorie intake, 80% of protein intake directly, and perhaps the most vital sources of medicine with a vast diversity of microorganisms. As such it’s important to know those microorganisms, their kinds, the features they possess, and the significant compounds/metabolites they can produce. So, this study is based on identifying such microorganisms. To achieve this aim, isolation of endophytes has been done to know their biochemical activities and properties. Various identification procedures have been followed to get pure endophytic strains without any contamination. Surface sterilization of the plant tissue is a must in this progress, various surface sterilization techniques have been tried and finally, for 4/5 plant tissues, sodium hypochlorite and ethanol were given the best result and for 1/5 with the addition of mercuric chloride were the standardized method for surface sterilization. About 30 different bacterial endophytes have been isolated from five kinds of medicinal plants. 4% sodium hypochlorite and 75% ethanol were found effective in sterilizing the surface of Psidium guajava, Cassia occidentalis, Calotropis procera, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensa. While Mangifera indica required an addition of 0.1% mercuric chloride. 19 strains isolated were Gram-positive, 11 Gram-negative (5 were Lactose fermenters and 6 were not), and most of which were bacilli. All isolates have shown different biochemical results, 25 showed a positive result for oxidase, and 28 gave a positive result for catalase. Most of the endophytes identified in this work are Bacillus spp. This identification is based on biochemical reactions; the exact species can be identified by molecular identification.
Developing a framework system for sustainability performance of cities: A case of Eskisehir city, Türkiye
Authors: Özbayrak Selcan , Özdemir Alp
Published: December 2023

This study facilitates the sustainable city assessment, which is extremely useful yet intricate, to evaluate the sustainability of cities through the identification of both their strengths and areas that can be further improved. For this purpose, an easy-to-apply assessment framework was established, and a practical tool was developed by utilizing this framework. To prove the usability and utility of the study, a case study was conducted in Eskisehir and compared with Turkey’s average (based on 81 cities). In the assessment framework, at first, an indicator set was created using 45 criteria in terms of sustainability. For weighting the indicator set, the questionnaire study was conducted with experts. Then, a scaling study was carried out using minimum-maximum data values for normalization. Subsequently, the weighted average method was used to calculate the sustainability performance. The assessment results reveal that Eskisehir’s overall sustainability performance is approximately 69%, with the highest performance observed in the social area, and the lowest is in the economic area. This study made significant contributions to the literature through its key findings, including the development of a globally applicable framework for city sustainability assessment, the ability to individually evaluate cities based on their sustainability goals, the creation of a practical tool for assessing city sustainability in Turkey, and the execution of a comprehensive case study focused on Eskisehir. These findings are believed is provide an easily applicable assessment for cities to find valuable insights and guidance in determining new investments and policies for researchers and city stakeholders such as decision-makers, non-governmental organizations, and investors.
Optimization of Tio2-natural Hydrogels for Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Degradation in Wastewaters.
Authors: Ponce Jose , Peña Juan , Sanz David , Pastor Jose M
Published: December 2023

Agarose/micrometer anatase (TiO2) beads were essayed to test the photocatalytic capacity of two of the worldwide most prescribed drugs: paracetamol and ibuprofen. Although the first tests showed good degradation rates for both drugs, the presence of turbidity, due to TiO2 leakage, during the photocatalytic essays induced to improve the stability of the photocatalytic composites. Among the different strategies adopted to strengthen such materials, crosslinking with citric acid and the use of alternative gelling agents: gellan, agargel™ and agar were chosen. Composites obtained merging both strategies were characterized and employed to degrade both drugs under a simulated light that mimics the solar spectrum (indoor). Considering the superior degradation rates obtained when agar and agarose were used to shape the titanium oxide particles, such composites were subjected to a more realistic experiment (outdoor): solar illumination, tap water and higher volumes, that should facilitate its ulterior scale up as a real wastewater depollution procedure.
Activation of periodate by biocarbon-supported multiple modified nanoscale iron for the degradation of bisphenol A in high-temperature aqueous solution.
Authors: Zhao Jingnan , Chen Junwen , Wang Qun , Xiong Renxuan , Ma Jun
Published: December 2023

Sulfided nanoscale iron-nickel bimetallic nanoparticles supported on biocarbon (S-(nFe0-Ni)/BC) were synthesized and used as a catalyst to activate periodate (PI) for the removal of Bisphenol A (BPA). Control experiment results suggest that the primary mechanism for BPA degradation is the oxidation of active species generated by activated PI, with little contribution from BPA adsorption or direct reduction by (S-(nFe0-Ni)/BC). The catalysts exhibit exceptional PI activation capability. Radical scavenging experiments confirmed that \(\text{I}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{•}}\) was the predominant active species in the system. Based on kinetic research, the decomposition of BPA in a [S-(nFe0-Ni)/BC]/PI system can be divided into two stages at the 5-minute mark using pseudo-first-order rate constants. Nonlinear dynamic fitting research, coupled with scavenging experiments, characterized the competitive degradation of pollutants during stage one (0–5 minutes). This degradation was primarily driven by \(\text{I}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{•}}\),\({}^{\text{1}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\)and \({\bullet }\text{OH}\), with their contributions to BPA removal ranking in the order of \(\text{I}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{•}}\) >\({}^{\text{1}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\)>\({\bullet }\text{OH}\).Competitive dynamics aligned with the ExpAssoc model. The contribution rates of various active species during stage two (5-120 minutes) were calculated. Based on XRD, XPS, FTIR, SEM-EDS analysis, and the results of other experiments, a plausible reaction mechanism in the system is proposed. It suggests that surface heterogeneous synergistic catalysis plays a pivotal role in PI activation, with each component of (S-(nFe0-Ni)/BC)demonstrating an essential function. The impact of several parameters, including the dosage of S-(nFe0-Ni)/BC, initial PI concentration, BPA concentration, pH, temperature, and the presence of coexisting anions, was also investigated. Therefore, this research offers a viable approach for the degradation of BPA in high-temperature wastewater.
An in-depth study of mung bean ring rot symptom
Authors: Zhang Pengpai , Zhang Wenjing , Wu die , Zhu Mengke , Wang Shihong , Sun Yongmei Yongmei , Zhang Haiyan
Published: December 2023

Mung bean ring rot symptom is a disease caused by Ascochyta phaseolorum Sacc and affects seriously its production and quality. The biological characters and pesticides control of A. phaseolorum were investigated. The findings showed that czapek medium with inositol, 25°C, pH5 ~ 8, mannitol, corn steep liquor and 35 days of static continuous light were the ideal circumstances for the growth of A. Phaseolourm. 16 fungicides and 5 biolgical fungicides were tested to select optimal fungicide. Score (difenoconazole) was the best; following were Carbendazim and Sprochlomz. The optimum conditions for toxin production were found to be czapek medium with inositol, pH6 ~ 7, 25°C, sucrose as the carbon source and 26 days of static continuous light, respectively. It was thermally stable but photosensitive to different wavelengths, it maintained the majority of activity despite the higher temperature and pressure, which aids in its preservation in nature.
A tailored concrete-like interface layer for guiding the growth of Li dendrites in all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Zou Ruqiang , Di Longbang , Gao Lei , Zhu Jinlong , Wang Liping , Sun Mengyu , Zhao Shusen , Zhao Yusheng , Han Songbai
Published: December 2023

Solid-state electrolyte (SSE) is anticipated to exhibit proper mechanical strength and effectively inhibit the penetration of Li dendrites. However, in reality, the growth of Li dendrites is inevitable, which are driven by the intrinsic attributes of SSEs, such as grain boundaries, cracks, and pores. Hence, guiding the growth of Li dendrites in a controllable way is more feasible from a practical perspective than to aim for their complete prevention. Here we present a strategic design of concrete-like structure layer consisting of graded Li3N particle in different sizes (CLS-Li3N), which serves as guiding the growth of Li dendrites within restricted spaces. This CLS-Li3N layer is paired with a less Li-stable electrolyte (LZC or LGPS), enabling Li dendrites to be anchored within localized regions through a self-limiting mechanism akin to the expansion screw effect. The intentionally engineered CLS-Li3N|LZC electrolyte facilitates the dynamic stability for the SSEs/Li interface, enabling stable cycling in all-solid-state batteries featuring with Li metal anode and different cathodes. This concept of incorporating a concrete-like structure layer in electrolyte design holds broad applicability for regulating Li dendrites in all-solid-state Li-metal batteries.
Demographic factors impact children’s moral development in postwar Taiwan: Modeling naturalistic observations from historical texts
Authors: Sui Zhining , Wang Qinyan , Xu Jing
Published: December 2023

A core issue in the interdisciplinary study of human morality is its ontogeny in diverse cultures, but systematic, naturalistic data in specific cultural contexts are rare to find. This study conducts a novel analysis of 213 children’s socio-moral behavior in a historical, non-Western, rural setting, based on a unique dataset of naturalistic observations from the first field research on Han Chinese children. Using multilevel multinomial modeling, we examined a range of proactive behaviors in 0-to-12-year-old children’s peer cooperation and conflict in an entire community in postwar Taiwan. We modeled the effects of age, sex, kinship and behavioral roles, and revealed complex interactions between these four variables in shaping children’s moral development. We discovered linkages between coercive and non-coercive behaviors as children strategically negotiated leadership dynamics. We identified connections between prosocial and aggressive behaviors, illuminating the nuances of morality in real life. Our analysis also revealed gendered patterns and age-related trends that deviated from cultural norms and contradicted popular assumptions about Chinese family values. These findings highlight the importance of naturalistic observations in cultural contexts for understanding how we become moral persons. This re-analysis of historically significant fieldnotes also enriches the interdisciplinary study of child development across societies.
Preparation of shape memory polyurethane composite materials by grafting PCL onto CNFs with different carboxyl content
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Basta Altaf. H , Liu Rui , Fu Shiyu
Published: December 2023

This paper presented the preparation of cellulose nanofiber (CNFs) with different amount of carboxyl groups from rice straw pulp using TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO oxidation system. It is found that the obtained CNFs were in nano fibers with an average diameter of 6 nm and an average length of 160 nm. Subsequently, the CNFs were grafted with polycaprolactone (PCL) to form the grafted product CNFs-g-PCL, which was blended with shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) to obtain CNFs-g-PCL/SMPU composites. The graft ratio of PCL on CNFs decreased from 24.6–10.7% as the carboxyl content in CNFs increased 0.35mmol/g to 1.14mmol/g. So the hydrophobicity of the grafted product (CNFs-g-PCL) also decreases as the carboxyl content increases in CNFs. When the addition of CNFs-g-PCL was 10%, the elastic modulus (up to 54.4%) and tensile stress (up to 67.3%) of the CNFs-g-PCL / SMPU composite were both higher than those of the pure SMPU. In addition, the shape retention and shape recovery rates of the composite did not significantly change after the addition of CNFs-g-PCL. Therefore, the addition of CNFs-g-PCL can improve the mechanical properties of SMPU while maintaining its shape memory properties.
Morphological trait characterization of Enset(Ensete ventricosum landrace with Quantitative and Qualitative methods, in Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Mitiku Ashenafi , Fikre Kibebew
Published: December 2023

Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a perennial plant growing from 1200masl to 3100 masl and used as a major multipurpose crop in Ethiopia. Quantitative characterization of Enset is one of the curtail information to determine the yield of enset and qualitative characterization is important to determine the genetic variability of Enset. Wolkite University was conserving enset landrace since 2014, which is collected in different enset growing areas with the objective of morphological characterization of Enset landrace with both quantitative and qualitative trait characterization methods at the Yefereziye Enset conservation site from 2020 to 2021. The evaluation was conducted as a single plot experiment method with a total of 15 plants within a column, and each plant was planted with the size of 1.5m intervals. The data were collected randomly and tagged with five Enset landraces within a row. The data shows a higher significance (P < 0.001) within the enset landrace. Based on Pseudostem height, Pseudostem circumference, and plant height quantitative characterization, the following enset landrace Ankogena(136.6cm(1.34m), 127.8cm(1.3m) and 466.6cm(4.67m)), Ginbeniye (113.6cm(1.14m), 156cm (1.56m) and 354cm(3.54m)) and Erake (119cm(1.2m), 124.8cm(1.25m) and 410.4cm(4.1m)) enset landrace the higher performance respectively followed by Lemat, Fereziye, Gimbwe and Keribote enset landrace. Whereas the lower enset landrace performance was recorded from Cherkiwe (88cm(0.88m), 60.6cm(0.61m), and 336.6cm(3.4m)) and Ayides 55.4cm(0.55m), 6 8.4cm(0.68m) and 208cm 2.08m)) respectively. From the data, Ankogena, Ginbeniye, and Erake enset landrace were a higher performance compared to another enset landrace and recommended to the local farmer and for all food-insecure countries cultivating enset landrace to improve the livelihood.
An In Vivo Comparison of Trueness and Precision of a Novel Method to Improve Edentulous Intra-Oral Digital Scanner Accuracy with Full Arch Implant Scan Body Capture
Authors: Nulty Adam
Published: December 2023

Background
The purpose of this in vivo study is to evaluate the full arch scan accuracy (precision and trueness) of two digital intra-oral scanners when using two variants of a novel method in an edentulous full arch implant case. Previous studies have compared the accuracy of intra-oral scanners, which have proven to be adequately accurate in dentate arches but are less accurate in edentulous arches which is critical in importance within the field of dental implant restorations where passivity is required;
Methods
The present in vivo study compared two different intraoral scanners (Primescan and i700 ) to investigate the accuracy of each scanner both with and without the novel method of using two variants of the Scan Ladder system by examining the overall trueness and precision compared to a verified lab scan of a traditional impression cast as the master STL. A comparison was made with the master STL using a direct implant position analysis using a positional change calculator. The results were recorded and the data compared using SPSS statistical software;
Results
In the present study, the overall trueness was significantly more accurate with each scanner using the novel method with either variant.
Conclusions
This study confirms that intra-oral digital scanners cannot capture a reliable, reproducible full arch implant scan in edentulous patients without a scanning aid such as the Scan Ladder. The study also confirms that the novel method provides increased levels of accuracy to each scanner used.
Exploring Health Literacy in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Comprehensive Study on Access to Information, Teleorientation, and Social Media Engagement in Brazil
Authors: Silva Isabela Mayá Wayhs , Gil-da-Silva-Lopes Vera Lúcia
Published: December 2023

Background
Health literacy enables individuals to access, comprehend, and utilize essential health information and services to make informed decisions about their well-being. In Brazil, disparities in access to education persist, raising concerns regarding health literacy, particularly in the complex context of rare genetic diseases. One such condition is the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2 DS), a rare and heterogeneous genetic disorder that demands multidisciplinary lifelong healthcare support. This paper addresses the health literacy of Brazilian individuals with 22q11.2 DS and their caregivers. It explores the potential use of teleorientation and social media accounts for disseminating scientific knowledge about 22q11.2 DS, addressing families' doubts, and surveying to assess comprehension of the disease.
Results
The findings underscore the knowledge gap among caregivers of people with 22q11.2. The main doubts of the families remain on recognition and care of 22q11.2 DS clinical signs. The gap of knowledge about 22q11.2 DS, in turn, significantly affects aspects of the quality of life of caregivers associated with the environment of residence.
Conclusions
This study highlights the intricate correlation between education, health literacy, access to healthcare, and quality of life in families affected by 22q11.2 DS. Within this context, this article brings a set of strategies that can contribute to improving health literacy regarding 22q11.2 DS in Brazil.
Assessing the Carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic Health Risks of Metals in the Drinking Water of Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Moradnia Maryam , Movahedianattar Hossein , Hajizadeh Yaghoub , Lundh Thomas , Darvishmotevalli Mohammad
Published: December 2023

Metals are significant contributors to water pollution, posing serious threats to human health. This study aims to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with metals in Isfahan drinking water. Eighty water samples were randomly collected from the city's distribution network between January and March 2020–2021. Inductively coupled plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to measure toxic metals, namely Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, and As concentrations. Results revealed that the mean concentration of Ni (70.03 µg/L) exceeded the WHO reference value (70 µg/L), while the other metals were below the standard values. The average chronic daily intake order of toxic metals was Ni > Cr > Pb > As > Cd. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment through hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) demonstrated that both HQ total (HQingestion +HQdermal ) and HItotal (HIingestion +HIdermal ) were below the acceptable limit (less than 1). This indicated no non-carcinogenic risk to residents through water ingestion or dermal exposure. However, findings indicated that the ingestion route was the primary exposure pathway, with HQ values for ingestion exceeding HQ values for dermal adsorption. Carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the risk associated with the studied toxic metals exceeded the acceptable limit (1×10 − 6). Therefore, implementing treatment improvement programs and appropriate control measures is essential to safeguard the health of Isfahan City residents.
Low-Cost Otolaryngology Simulation Models for Early-Stage Trainees: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nzisabira Joselyne , Nuss Sarah , Candelo Estephanía , Oumo Ernest Aben , Shah Keshav V. , Kim Eric K. , Wiedermann Joshua , Masimbi Ornella , Shimelash Natnael , Xu Mary Jue
Published: December 2023

Importance:
There is a notable lack of low-cost OHNS simulation models that are relevant for early medical trainees and students. By conducting this study, we will understand the current landscape of low-cost otolaryngology-head and neck surgery simulation for early medical trainees and students.
Objectives:
Medical simulation is essential for surgical training yet is often too expensive and inaccessible in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS), while simulation training is often focused on senior residents and specialists, there is a critical need to target general practitioners who carry a significant load of OHNS care in countries with limited OHNS providers. This scoping review aims to describe affordable, effective OHNS simulation models for early-stage trainees and non-OHNS specialists in resource-limited settings and discuss gaps in the literature.
Evidence Review:
This scoping review followed the five stages of Arksey and O’Malley’s Scoping Review Methodology. Seven databases were used to search for articles. Included articles discussed physical models of the ear, nose, or throat described as “low-cost,” “cost-effective,” or defined as <$150 if explicitly stated; related to the management of common and emergent OHNS conditions; and geared towards undergraduate students, medical, dental, or nursing students, and/or early-level residents.
Findings:
Of the 1706 studies screened, 17 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in HICs. Most models were low fidelity (less anatomically realistic) models. The most common simulated skills were peritonsillar abscess aspiration and cricothyrotomy. Information on cost was limited, and locally sourced materials were infrequently mentioned. Simulations were evaluated using questionnaires and direct observation.
Conclusion and Relevance:
Low-cost simulation models can be beneficial for early medical trainees and students in LMICs, addressing resource constraints and improving skill acquisition. However, there is a notable lack of contextually relevant, locally developed, and cost-effective models. This study summarizes existing low-cost OHNS simulation models for early-stage trainees and highlights the need for additional locally sourced models. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of these models.
Redefining copy number variation and single-nucleotide polymorphism counting via novel concepts based on recent PCR enhancements.
Authors: Park Byoung Chul , Kim Jae Jong , Park Hyoung-Min , Kyoung A. Young , Lim Si-Kyu , Lee J. Eugene
Published: December 2023

Human genes exist as numerous copy number variations (CNV) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that exert control over the majority of the bodies’ core functions. By virtue of numerous genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we now know that CNVs and SNPs can coexist in certain genomic regions, amplifying expression, regulation, and susceptibility effects. Because of the significant impact of CNVs and SNPs, research groups worldwide have eagerly sought an adequate method for measuring both simultaneously only to end as measured separately. To overcome the current limitations, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based novel approach which combines primers designed by the STexS method with multiplex probes used in the STexS II method. The method successfully measured both CNVs and SNPs of CYP2A6 and CYP2A7 in a single quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Further testing of 100 human genomic DNA samples enabled calculation of the overall frequency of [T] and [G] components within an East Asian population, yielding results that were not only highly congruent with a previous NIH database, but also correcting it. The novel method should redefine genetic profiling and could provide a means to not only successfully predict one’s genetic characteristics, but further enhance personalized medicine and individualized treatments.
A Systematic Review of Studies on Public Health Status during the COVID-19 Pandemic by Visualizing their Structure using Co-Occurrence and VOSviewer Software
Authors: Wei Huimin , Lu Liyun , Xu Yanhua , Lu Xiaoxu , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xiaoyun , Huang Zhijie
Published: December 2023

Background
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, many public health issues have arisen. However, based on bibliometric analyses, little attention has been paid to overall trends in this area. This study sought to describe the status of public health events in the COVID-19 pandemic using systematic review of high-quality research evidence, thereby revealing the trend of public health during COVID-19, research hotspots, and provide lessons and references for future research in the field of public health emergencies.
Methods
Co-Occurrence and VOSviewer bibliometric methods were used to analyze the literature related to the public health during COVID-19 in the Web of Science (WOS) core database. The public health characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic were explored by analyzing the number of publications, countries, institutions, and keywords.
Results
This study included 1911 original research articles and reviews in English on public health issues during the pandemic. The United States, China, and England are the main forces in this field, and they collaborate closely with each other. Research institutions in each country are dominated by universities, with the University of Toronto being the most productive institution in the world. The authors with most publications are Larson, Looi, and Neumark-sztainer. Visual analysis shows that the main focus of research are characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic, problems encountered by Citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic and responses to Public Health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions
These results reveal emerging research on public health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially the impacts caused by the pandemic on public health determinants.
Automated remote sleep monitoring needs machine learning with uncertainty quantification
Authors: Heremans Elisabeth , Bulcke Laura Van den , Seedat Nabeel , Devulder Astrid , Borzée Pascal , Buyse Bertien , Testelmans Dries , Bossche Maarten Van Den , Schaar Mihaela van der , De Vos Maarten
Published: December 2023

Wearable electroencephalography (EEG) devices emerge as a cost-effective and ergonomic alternative to gold standard polysomnography, paving the way for better health monitoring and sleep disorder screening. Machine learning allows to automate sleep stage classification, but trust and reliability issues have hampered its adoption in clinical applications. Estimating uncertainty is a crucial factor in enhancing reliability by identifying regions of heightened and diminished confidence. In this study, we investigated the utility of an uncertainty-centered machine learning pipeline, U-PASS, on sleep staging in a challenging real-world dataset of single-channel EEG and accelerometry collected with a wearable device from elderly sleep apnea patients. We demonstrated that U-PASS effectively limited the uncertainty at training time and communicated uncertainty to clinical experts at deployment time to improve the machine learning model's reliability. This effectively increased the 5-stage sleep scoring accuracy of a state-of-the-art machine learning model from 63.9% to 71.2% on our dataset. Remarkably, the machine learning approach outperformed the human expert in interpreting these wearable data. Manual review by sleep specialists, without specific training for sleep staging on wearable EEG, proved ineffective. The diagnostic capabilities of this automated remote monitoring system were also demonstrated, establishing a strong correlation between the predicted sleep features and the most important clinical marker for sleep apnea. In essence, an automated data processing pipeline enhanced with uncertainty estimation presents a promising avenue to unlock the full potential of machine learning in revolutionizing remote patient care.
Causal association of sarcopenia with brain cortical structure: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhan yuxuan , Zhang Zhiyun , Lin Siyi , Du Bang , Wu Jian , Xu Hongxia
Published: December 2023

Background
Patients with sarcopenia are often accompanied by cognitive decline even affecting cortical structures, however, the causal link has not been explained. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to explain the relationship between muscle and cortical structure.
Methods
Genome-wide association studies summary data of appendicular lean mass (ALM) in 450,243 UK Biobank participants were used to identify genetically predicted ALM. Data from 454,633 individuals from UK Biobank were used to assess genetically determined body fat percentage (BFP); 461,089 participants from the UK Biobank were used to evaluate genetically predicted right-hand grip strength (HGS-R); 461,026 participants from the UK Biobank were used to evaluate genetically predicted left-hand grip strength (HGS-L). Further, data from 51,665 patients from the ENIGMA Consortium were used to assess the relationship between ALM, BFP, HGS-L, and HGS-R with alterations in cortical thickness (TH) or surficial area (SA) of the brain. We used three different MR methods: inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median test. For significant estimates, we further used Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analyses and MR-PRESSO to assess heterogeneity.
Results
At the global level, the genetically predicted HGS-R significantly linked to the increase of global SA (β = 5048.6960 mm2, 95% CI: 2123.3746 mm2 to 7974.0174 mm2, P = 0.0007). At the functional region level, ALM was found to significantly decrease the TH of lateral occipital gyrus (β = -0.0079 mm, 95% CI: -0.0117 mm to -0.0041 mm, P = 4.17 × 10− 5) and notably increase the TH of pars opercularis gyrus(β = 0.008 mm, 95% CI: 0.0042 mm to 0.0117 mm, P = 3.12 × 10− 5);BFP significantly raised the TH of the superior parietal gyrus (β = -0.0136 mm, 95% CI: 0.0066 mm to 0.0207 mm, P = 1.61 × 10− 4).
Conclusions
Our study shows a significant association between sarcopenia and cortical structure, supporting the muscle-brain axis theory. Brain MRI could potentially be utilized for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders in individuals with sarcopenia, and patients with sarcopenia may improve cognition through exercise.
Mortality risk model to predict bacterial infection in the paediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Hou Ming-Hui , Qu Jing-Xin , Dai Zhen-Yuan , Li Xv-Feng , Yang Ke-xin , Liu Zi-Feng , Chen Zhuang-Gui , Li Ya-Ting
Published: December 2023

Background Bacterial infections have historically posed a substantial threat to the survival of children in intensive care unit. Predicting high mortality risk in children due to bacterial infections is crucial for prevention and management, but there is currently no effective predictive method. In this study, we investigated a novel approach to address this challenge.Methods We utilized the Paediatric Intensive Care (PIC) database for this study. Hospitalised children with positive bacterial cultures were divided into three groups: positive culture, gram-positive, and gram-negative groups. We extracted data on demographics, vital signs, and laboratory analyses within 24 h of admission. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and XGBoost algorithms were employed to select and rank important features, and a logistic regression (LR) algorithm was used for model development with varying numbers of features. Evaluation of the models was done using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared against the Paediatric Mortality Risk Score III (PRISM III), Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score-2 (PELOD-2), and Paediatric Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (P-MODS).Results A total of 3695 children with bacterial infections were included. We developed LR models for three distinct groups of infection separately. These models demonstrated superior performance in predicting mortality risk compared to the PRISM III, PELOD-2, and P-MODS, achieving ROC-AUC(Receiver Operating Characteristic - Area Under the Curve) scores over 0.70.Conclusion This study created models for forecasting mortality risk in children with bacterial infections. The final models outperform traditional scoring models in predicting mortality while utilising fewer features. Additionally, these models are more comprehensible for paediatricians.
Antiparasitic effect of Nootkatone against Argulus japonicus infestation on Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Pramanik Avijit , Kumar Saurav , Kumari Pushpa , Brahmchari Rajive Kumar , Deo Ashutosh D. , Dash Gadadhar , Raman R. P.
Published: December 2023

The present study aimed to evaluate the antiparasitic efficacy (AE) of Nootkatone, a component of grapefruit oil, against the Argulus parasite infecting goldfish under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Under in vitro conditions, AE of Nootkatone at concentrations of 60, 70, and 80 ppm against Argulus was found to be 33.3, 50, and 100%, respectively, within 6h. An estimated median effective concentration (6 h EC50) of Nootkatone for Argulus was found 65.61 ppm. An acute toxicity test of Nootkatone on goldfish revealed that the median lethal concentrations (LC50) of 23.60 ppm at 12 h, 19.23 ppm at 48 h, 18.36 ppm at 72 h, and 17.57 ppm at 96 h. Further, under in vivo testing, Nootkatone at 18.4 ppm resulted in the complete detachment of Argulus from the goldfish within 9 h of bath treatment. Additionally, the detached Argulus, when left in the same treatment solutions, exhibited complete parasite mortality after an additional 3 hours of exposure. The therapeutic index (TI) calculated for Nootkatone at 12 h was 1.54, indicating a relatively safe dose for treating argulosis in goldfish. Thus, the present findings suggest that Nootkatone can be used as a promising antiparasitic agent against Argulus in the ornamental fish industry.
Beyond Mosquito Bites: A Systematic Literature Review on Malaria Prevention Behavior Intervention
Authors: Mohamad Emma , Genapathy Sivasangari , Damanhuri Hazwani , Azlan Arina Anis , Hamzah Mohammad Rezal , Pasi Hafizah , Isa Affendi , Sulong Mohd Rahim
Published: December 2023

Malaria is a significant health problem, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, regardless of it being a preventable disease. Despite numerous measures taken by health-related agencies, malaria cases continue to increase globally. These interventions are intended to change the behaviors of individuals and communities to reduce the risk of malaria transmission, especially in the long run. However, studies that systematically review existing literature on behavioral intervention for malaria prevention are limited. Hence, this systematic review aims to highlight and synthesize studies implementing behavioral interventions to prevent malaria infection among at-risk communities. This study includes English articles from Scopus and Web of Science, between the years 2009 to 2022, conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2020 (PRISMA 2020). Out of the initial 67 articles identified through the screening process, four eligible studies of good to medium quality were selected for review. Three main themes were determined based on the deductive thematic analysis: i) tailor-made content, ii) community engagement and outreach, and iii) interpersonal communication. Based on an impact analysis on the four studies, this review concludes that behavioral interventions are an effective strategy to combat the prevalence of malaria worldwide. Hence, communities at risk of malaria would benefit from intervention programs that tap into behavioral change approaches inclusive of the three main themes identified in this review.
The optimal time and clinical implications of measurable residual disease detection in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Yi Shuhua , Yan Yuting , Huang Yanshan , Yu Ying , li yuxi , Lv Rui , Wang Tingyu , Xiong Wenjie , Wang Yi , Wang Qi , Liu Wei , An Gang , Sui Weiwei , Xu Yan , Huang Wenyang , Zou Dehui , Qiu Lugui
Published: December 2023

Recent advances in measurable residual disease (MRD) technology have significantly enhanced predictive accuracy for outcomes in various hematologic malignancies, serving as a crucial surrogate endpoint. However, in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), identifying the optimal timing for MRD assessment and understanding the prognostic implications of MRD dynamics remain challenging, primarily due to limited extensive MRD data. Our study encompassed 102 patients with MCL, all presenting with clonal B-cell involvement in bone marrow as determined by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC). MRD evaluations were conducted every two cycles. 75.5% (77/102) achieved MRD negativity during induction therapy. We found the MRD status at the end of four cycles treatment had the best predictive ability for survival (HR = 3.2, C-index = 0.664). 32 of 77 patients (41.6%) had a rapid tumor burden reduction and achieved MRD negativity within two cycles treatment. Notably, this swift shift to MRD negativity was observed more frequently in patients classified as MIPI high-risk. However, this rapid clearance of MRD did not confer any prognostic benefit to these patients. Subgroup analyses revealed that MRD negativity held prognostic value in almost all categories, except for those with blastoid/pleomorphic morphology. MRD assessment serves as a valuable complement to the traditional response evaluation, particularly benefiting for patients attaining partial remission. These findings highlighted the importance of MRD detection during response evaluation of MCL therapy and determined that after four treatment cycles is the best MRD detection timepoint.
A Hierarchical Security Events Correlation Model for Real-time Threat Detection and Response
Authors: Maosa Herbert , Ouazzane Karim , Ghanem Mohamed Chahine
Published: December 2023

Intrusion detection systems perform post-compromise detection of security breaches whenever preventive measures such as firewalls do not avert an attack. However, these systems raise a vast number of alerts that must be analysed and triaged by security analysts. This process is largely manual, tedious and time-consuming. Alert correlation is a technique that tries to reduce the number of intrusion alerts by aggregating those that are related in some way. However, the correlation is performed outside the IDS through third-party systems and tools, after the high volume of alerts has already been raised. These other third-party systems add to the complexity of security operations. In this paper, we build on the very researched area of correlation techniques by developing a novel hierarchical event correlation model that promises to reduce the number of alerts issued by an Intrusion Detection System. This is achieved by correlating the events before the IDS classifies them. The proposed model takes the best of features from similarity and graph-based correlation techniques to deliver an ensemble capability not possible by either approach separately. Further, we propose a correlation process for correlation of events rather than alerts as is the case in current art. We further develop our own correlation and clustering algorithm which is tailor-made to the correlation and clustering of network event data. The model is implemented as a proof of concept with experiments run on the DARPA’99 Intrusion detection set. The correlation achieved 87% data reduction through aggregation, producing nearly 21,000 clusters in about 30 seconds.
Anti-lung cancer compounds derived from marine sponges: in-silico, pharmacological and bibliometric analyses
Authors: Zare Afshin , Mussin Nadiar , Kaliyev Asset , Aringazina Raisa , Bakhshalizadeh Shabnam , Shirazi Reza , Tanideh Nader , Mahdipour Mahdi , Rahmanifar Farhad , Zhilisbayeva Kulyash , Tamadon Amin
Published: December 2023

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, necessitating improved treatment strategies. Consequently, researchers have focused on the development of novel anti-lung cancer agents in recent decades. Marine sponges have garnered attention as promising sources of diverse anticancer components. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to identify the most frequently studied compounds associated with the anticancer properties of marine sponges. Subsequently, molecular docking analysis was performed to identify compounds with high binding affinity to apoptotic receptors in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, we employed the PROTOX and Way2Drug online tools to predict the pharmacological features of the selected compounds as potential drugs. The bibliometric analysis revealed Alkaloids, Sesquiterpene, and Quinone as the most commonly studied keywords. Molecular docking and pharmacological analysis displayed that Dactyloquinone B-D, Dysidavarone D, Smenohaimien F, and Sollasin E exhibited the strongest binding tendency to apoptotic receptors in lung cancer cells and also, they have some remarkable pharmacological effects and potential side-effects as future anti-lung cancer drugs. Ultimately, the findings from this study could significantly contribute to the development of novel anti-lung cancer drugs.
Association between Arterial Oxygen and Mortality Across Critically Ill Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: Results from an International Collaborative Network
Authors: Dumas Guillaume , Morris Idunn S , Hensman Tamishta , Bagshaw Sean M , Demoule Alexandre , Ferreyro Bruno L , Kouatchet Achille , Lemiale Virginie , Mokart Djamel , Pène Frédéric , Mehta Sangeeta , Azoulay Elie , Munshi Laveena
Published: December 2023

Rationale:
Patients with hematological malignancies are at high risk for life-threatening complications. To date, little attention has been paid to the impact of hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use on mortality.
Objectives
To investigate the association between partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with hematologic malignancies.
Methods
Data from three international cohorts (Europe, Canada, Oceania) of patients who received respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula, invasive mechanical ventilation) were obtained. We used mixed-effect Cox models to investigate the association between day one PaO2 or excess oxygen use (inspired fraction of oxygen ≥ 0.6 with PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day-28 mortality.
Measurements and Main Results:
11,249 patients were included. On day one, 5716 patients (50.8%) had normoxemia (60 ≤ PaO2 ≤ 100 mmHg), 1454 (12.9%) hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg), and 4079 patients (36.3%) hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg). Excess oxygen was used in 2,201 patients (20%). Crude day-28 mortality rate was 40.6%. There was a significant association between PaO2 and day-28 mortality with a U-shaped relationship (p < 0.001). Higher PaO2 levels (> 100 mmHg) were associated with day-28 mortality with a dose-effect relationship. Subgroup analyses showed an association between hyperoxemia and mortality in patients admitted with neurological disorders; however, the opposite relationship was seen across those admitted with sepsis and neutropenia. Excess oxygen use was also associated with subsequent day-28 mortality (aHR[95%CI]: 1.11[1.04–1.19]). This result persisted after propensity score analysis (matched HR associated with excess oxygen:1.31 [1.20–1.1.44]).
Conclusion
In critically-ill patients with hematological malignancies, exposure to hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use were associated with increased mortality. Heterogeneity of treatment effect was noted. This might be a modifiable factor to improve mortality.