bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable All‐Day Thermoelectric Power Generation From the Hot Sun and Cold Universe
Authors: Liu Meiling , Li Xiansheng , Li Liang , Zhao Shanguang , Zhu Jinglin , Zhou Ting , Lin Zhihan , Li Jianjun , Sun Bowen , Pei Gang , Zhao Bin , Zou Chongwen
Published: May 2024

Energy conversion from the environment into electricity is the most direct and effective electricity source to sustainably power off‐grid electronics, once the electricity requirement exceeds the capability of traditional centralized power supply systems. Normally photovoltaic cells have enabled distributed power generation during the day, but do not work at night. Thus, efficient electricity generation technologies for a sustainable all‐day power supply with no necessity for energy storage remain a challenge. Herein, an innovative all‐day power generation strategy is reported, which self‐adaptively integrates the diurnal photothermal and nocturnal radiative cooling processes into the thermoelectric generator (TEG) via the spectrally dynamic modulated coating, to continuously harvest the energy from the hot sun and the cold universe for power generation. Synergistic with the optimized latent heat phase change material, the electricity generation performance of the TEG is dramatically enhanced, with a maximum power density exceeding 1000 mW m−2 during the daytime and up to 25 mW m−2 during the nighttime, corresponding to an improvement of 123.1% and 249.1%, compared with the conventional strategy. This work maximizes the utilization of ambient energy resources to provide an environmentally friendly and uninterrupted power generation strategy. This opens up new possibilities for sustained power generation both daytime and nighttime.
Multi‐objective optimization‐based and fault localization‐oriented test case generation for novice programs
Authors: Liu Yong , Yang Zezhong , Fan Luxi , Wu Yonghao , Chen Xiang , Zhou Xiaotang
Published: May 2024

Online judgment (OJ) systems are capable of evaluating program results by automatically executing test cases, significantly improving the efficiency of traditional guidance approaches. Moreover, existing studies attempt to assist novices through automated fault localization techniques to provide feedback to novices, which can help them quickly find the location of faulty statements. Among them, spectrum‐based fault localization (SBFL) techniques have been widely used for their lightweight and efficiency, which only requires coverage information and test results of test cases to conduct fault localization. However, manually constructing high‐quality test cases for a large number of OJ questions is tough work to complete. To solve this problem, we propose the novice program‐orientedMulti‐Objective Optimization‐BasedFault Localization‐OrientedTestCaseGeneration (MFTCG) for automatically generating test inputs. Specifically, we use multi‐objective optimization algorithms to evolve the test case in terms of both fault localization and faulty code detection capability. We conduct experiments with 8911 programs from the well‐known public OJ platform AtCoder. The results show that our proposed approach MFTCG can achieve the best fault localization performance compared with existing automated test case generation approaches in most cases and can achieve the similar faulty code detection capability compared to manually designed test cases.
Solvent‐Induced Structural Rearrangement in Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yi Jaekyung , Lee Gyuwon , Park Sarah S.
Published: May 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline extended structures featuring permanent porosity, assembled from metal ions and organic ligands, often synthesized by the solvothermal method (50–260 °C, 12–72 h). Here, an alternative synthetic approach—solvent‐induced structural rearrangement in ultrasound‐assisted synthesis is presented. Six representative Zn‐based MOFs, each composed of distinct secondary building units, are synthesized within 2–180 min consuming less solvent (>0.03 m) at room temperature. It is observed that ultrasonication induces the construction of a coordination network, and subsequent solvent exchange triggers structural rearrangement to yield MOFs of high crystallinity and porosity. Furthermore, the scalability of this method is demonstrated through the bulk synthesis of MOF‐5, MOF‐74, ZIF‐8, and MFU‐4l within 90 min. The initiation of nucleation through ultrasound and the subsequent transformation induced by solvent exchange offer an alternative method for efficiently synthesizing MOFs in bulk, potentially broadening their range of applications.
Structural Interaction between BaO and Al2O3 in Aluminosilicate Slags
Authors: Chen Zhang , He Xiaobo , Yang Wenjie , Wang Lijun
Published: May 2024

The effect of BaO and Al2O3 on the viscosity of SiO2–CaO–MgO–Al2O3–BaO slag from 1673 to 1873 K is studied by the rotating cylinder method. The structure of slag is examined by Raman spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. In this study of viscosity, Al2O3 shows amphoteric oxide characteristics and BaO shows characteristics different from the basic oxide. The viscosity increases as the BaO increases from 2 to 4 wt% in the slag with CaO/SiO2 = 1.07. However, the viscosity decreases when the BaO content increases from 6 to 8 wt%. From molecular dynamics simulations and Raman analysis, the increase in BaO content leads to a greater aggregation of Al around Ba atoms and increases the number of Al–O bonds. This indicates that higher BaO content promotes the polymerization of the [AlO4] tetrahedral structure. Furthermore, a good quantitative relationship between viscosity and the ratio of Q3/Q2 of the Raman spectrum of the slag is observed.
The role of membrane filtration in wastewater treatment
Authors: Mansor Eman , abdallah Heba , Shaban Ahmed M.
Published: May 2024

Water is vital for the sustainable growth of human communities. Due to the greatest population and significant economic development, demands on water and purification have significantly risen. Classical wastewater treatment procedures have made some progress over the years in purifying effluents for disposal, but they fall lacking in the way they deeply control emerging harmful substances. The potential to reuse treated wastewater for home, agricultural, and industrial needs depends on breakthroughs in purifying technologies. One of the most recent breakthroughs to be implemented effectively in reducing contaminants to desirable levels is membrane technology. Nanofiltration, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and membrane bioreactors are examples of widely utilized membrane processes depending on features such as size or charge. Over traditional treatment, membrane technology offers various benefits. This review article discusses a number of membrane‐related topics, including membrane categorizing, application in various fields, benefits, and drawbacks. Furthermore, offers an outlook of the filtering membranes that will be used in the future. Smart membranes have gained interest because of their tunable permeability and selectivity characteristics. Technological advancements in the media that are utilized in activated growth membrane bioreactors. Modified interfacial polymerization approaches have been investigated in addition to adsorptive ultrafiltration mixed matrix membranes to enhance the performance of the polyamide thin‐film composite and thin‐film nanocomposite membranes.
Institutionalized Individualism in Post-collectivist China
Authors: Constantin Sandra V.
Published: May 2024

This second chapter explores the dynamics of individualization in China across time to unravel the complexities of the individualization process in a rapidly transforming society.

The pre-Maoist period, often mischaracterized as solely group-oriented, is reevaluated through the lens of Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong. It not only reveals a society rooted in individual autonomy within a network of personal relationships, but it also sheds light on how the transformative intellectual movements of the early twentieth century sought to redefine the “Chinese national character” to modernize the country, challenging traditional family structures and promoting individual autonomy. The May 4th movement marked a peak in this reformist wave, introducing elements of individualism that clashed with Confucian morals.

Furthermore, the chapter reveals that during the Maoist period, despite a shift towards collectivism, Maoist policies contributed to a partial disembedding of individuals from traditional solidarities, particularly for women.

In a last movement, the chapter shed light on the subsequent economic reforms from the late 1970s and how it marked a new phase. While the Party-State maintains strong political and economic control, it enjoins individuals to take responsibility for their life-course. It supports individualization in the labor market while rejuvenating family obligations and solidarities.
Spin-2 universal minimal solutions on type IIA and IIB supergravity
Authors: Lima Mariana
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the spin-2 field perturbations of four families of supergravity solutions. These include AdS5 and AdS7 backgrounds of type IIA as well as AdS4 and AdS6 backgrounds of Type IIB. As the main result, we show that, in all the cases, there is a solution given by a combination of the warp factors. We also find the respective mass spectra. We analyze the normalizability of the solutions and identify the superconformal multiplets dual to them.
Enhancing sustainability in polymer 3D printing via fusion filament fabrication through integration of by-products in powder form: mechanical and thermal characterization
Authors: Castanon-Jano Laura , Palomera-Obregon Paula , Lázaro Mariano , Blanco-Fernandez Elena , Blasón Sergio
Published: May 2024

FFF (fused filament fabrication) is a type of 3D printing that utilizes filament for part creation. This study proposes using by-products or waste to replace part of the plastic in FFF filament, reducing environmental impact. The aim is to maintain a simple manufacturing process involving extrusion on a single-screw desktop machine followed by printing. The plastic matrix comprises polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol (PETG), with added powdered by-products: seashells, car glass and mill scale (metal). Additives will be incorporated at 10% and 20% by weight, with two grain sizes: up to 0.09 mm and up to 0.018 mm. Mechanical tests (tensile, flexural and hardness) and thermal characterization tests will be conducted. Findings suggest adding 10%w powder of any variety to PETG increases tensile strength up to 48%, with metal powder (mill scale) showing the highest enhancement, even at 20%w, resulting in a 41% increase. Conversely, adding powder to PLA worsens mechanical properties without stiffening the material; instead, the elastic modulus decreases. Metal grain size has minimal impact, with grain sizes lower than 0.09 mm optimal for PLA. Thermal conductivity in polymers blended with powder additives is lower than in virgin polymers, likely due to air void formation, supported by density and microscopic evaluations. This research underscores the potential of utilizing waste materials with a simple FFF filament production to enhance sustainability in 3D printing practices.
A novel in vitro high-content imaging assay for the prediction of drug-induced lung toxicity
Authors: Fitzpatrick Paul A. , Johansson Julia , Maglennon Gareth , Wallace Ian , Hendrickx Ramon , Stamou Marianna , Balogh Sivars Kinga , Busch Susann , Johansson Linnea , Van Zuydam Natalie , Patten Kelley , Åberg Per M. , Ollerstam Anna , Hornberg Jorrit J.
Published: May 2024

The development of inhaled drugs for respiratory diseases is frequently impacted by lung pathology in non-clinical safety studies. To enable design of novel candidate drugs with the right safety profile, predictive in vitro lung toxicity assays are required that can be applied during drug discovery for early hazard identification and mitigation. Here, we describe a novel high-content imaging-based screening assay that allows for quantification of the tight junction protein occludin in A549 cells, as a model for lung epithelial barrier integrity. We assessed a set of compounds with a known lung safety profile, defined by clinical safety or non-clinical in vivo toxicology data, and were able to correctly identify 9 of 10 compounds with a respiratory safety risk and 9 of 9 compounds without a respiratory safety risk (90% sensitivity, 100% specificity). The assay was sensitive at relevant compound concentrations to influence medicinal chemistry optimization programs and, with an accessible cell model in a 96-well plate format, short protocol and application of automated imaging analysis algorithms, this assay can be readily integrated in routine discovery safety screening to identify and mitigate respiratory toxicity early during drug discovery. Interestingly, when we applied physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to predict epithelial lining fluid exposures of the respiratory tract after inhalation, we found a robust correlation between in vitro occludin assay data and lung pathology in vivo, suggesting the assay can inform translational risk assessment for inhaled small molecules.
Diversity and Bioprospection of Gram-positive Bacteria Derived from a Mayan Sinkhole
Authors: Wissner Julian L. , Parada-Fabián José Carlos , Márquez-Velázquez Norma Angélica , Escobedo-Hinojosa Wendy , Gaudêncio Susana P. , Prieto-Davó Alejandra
Published: May 2024

Water-filled sinkholes known locally as cenotes, found on the Yucatán Peninsula, have remarkable biodiversity. The primary objective of this study was to explore the biotechnological potential of Gram-positive cultivable bacteria obtained from sediment samples collected at the coastal cenote Pol-Ac in Yucatán, Mexico. Specifically, the investigation aimed to assess production of hydrolytic enzymes and antimicrobial compounds. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing led to the identification of 49 Gram-positive bacterial isolates belonging to the phyla Bacillota (n = 29) and Actinomycetota (n = 20) divided into the common genera Bacillus and Streptomyces, as well as the genera Virgibacillus, Halobacillus, Metabacillus, Solibacillus, Neobacillus, Rossellomorea, Nocardiopsis and Corynebacterium. With growth at 55ºC, 21 of the 49 strains were classified as moderately thermotolerant. All strains were classified as halotolerant and 24 were dependent on marine water for growth. Screening for six extracellular hydrolytic enzymes revealed gelatinase, amylase, lipase, cellulase, protease and chitinase activities in 93.9%, 67.3%, 63.3%, 59.2%, 59.2% and 38.8%, of isolated strains, respectively. The genes for polyketide synthases type I, were detected in 24 of the strains. Of 18 strains that achieved > 25% inhibition of growth in the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, 4 also inhibited growth in Escherichia coli ATCC 35,218. Isolates Streptomyces sp. NCA_378 and Bacillus sp. NCA_374 demonstrated 50–75% growth inhibition against at least one of the two pathogens tested, along with significant enzymatic activity across all six extracellular enzymes. This is the first comprehensive report on the biotechnological potential of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from sediments in the cenotes of the Yucatán Peninsula.
Context-specific adaptation for head fakes in basketball: a study on player-specific fake-frequency schedules
Authors: Güldenpenning Iris , Böer Nils T. , Kunde Wilfried , Giesen Carina G. , Rothermund Klaus , Weigelt Matthias
Published: May 2024

In basketball, an attacking player often plays a pass to one side while looking to the other side. This head fake provokes a conflict in the observing opponent, as the processing of the head orientation interferes with the processing of the pass direction. Accordingly, responses to passes with head fakes are slower and result in more errors than responses to passes without head fakes (head-fake effect). The head-fake effect and structurally similar interference effects (e.g., Stroop effect) are modulated by the frequency of conflicting trials. Previous studies mostly applied a block-wise manipulation of proportion congruency. However, in basketball (and also in other team sports), where different individual opponents can be encountered, it might be important to take the individual frequency (e.g., 20% vs. 80%) of these opponents into account. Therefore, the present study investigates the possibility to quickly (i.e., on a trial-by-trial basis) reconfigure the response behavior to different proportions of incongruent trials, which are contingent on different basketball players. Results point out that participants indeed adapted to the fake-frequency of different basketball players, which could be the result of strategic adaptation processes. Multi-level analyses, however, indicate that a substantial portion of the player-specific adaptation to fake frequencies is accounted by episodic retrieval processes, suggesting that item-specific proportion congruency effects can be explained in terms of stimulus-response binding and retrieval: The head orientation (e.g., to the right) of a current stimulus retrieves the last episode with the same head orientation including the response that was part of this last episode. Thus, from a theoretical perspective, an attacking player would provoke the strongest detrimental effect on an opponent if s/he repeats the same head movement but changes the direction of the pass. Whether it is at all possible to strategically apply this recommendation in practice needs still to be answered.
ESIT – a digital twin of air surveillance infrastructure
Authors: Schreiber Helmut , Bösch Wolfgang , Paulitsch Helmut , Schlemmer Andreas , Schäfer Matthias , Kraft Marc
Published: May 2024

Civil air traffic surveillance and management depends heavily on the use of aircraft transponders replying to radio interrogations from cooperative surveillance systems such as secondary surveillance radars, multilateration and collision avoidance systems. A high number of such surveillance systems combined with a high aircraft density can cause a large quantity of interrogations, therefore having a detrimental impact on transponder behavior and sometimes even causing a loss of replies and thus a deterioration in aircraft surveillance. In order to ensure the safe operation of European air traffic management, the European Commission obligates the member states to take measures to ensure that the transponder load in their air spaces does not exceed a safe level. EUROCONTROL, in its function as network manager responsible for supporting the monitoring, management and coordination of the scarce spectrum resource, has contracted the implementation of a European simulation tool to Austro Control in collaboration with SeRo Systems and the Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering as subcontractors. This paper examines the development and use of this tool as well as the functionality it provides.
A low-cost, open-source-based optical surgical navigation system using stereoscopic vision
Authors: Tsui Darin , Ramos Kirsten , Melentyev Capalina , Rajan Ananya , Tam Matthew , Jo Mitsuhiro , Ahadian Farshad , Talke Frank E.
Published: May 2024

Computer-assisted surgical navigation systems have gained popularity in surgical procedures that demand high amounts of precision. These systems aim to track the real-time positioning of surgical instruments in relation to anatomical structures. Typically, state-of-the-art methods involve tracking reflective 3D marker spheres affixed to both surgical instruments and patient anatomies with infrared cameras. However, these setups are expensive and financially impractical for small healthcare facilities. This study suggests that a fully optical navigation approach utilizing low-cost, off-the-shelf parts may become a viable alternative. We develop a stereoscopic camera setup, costing around $120, to track and monitor the translational movement of open-source based fiducial markers on a positioning platform. We evaluate the camera setup based on its reliability and accuracy. Using the optimal set of parameters, we were able to produce a root mean square error of 2 mm. These results demonstrate the feasibility of real-time, cost-effective surgical navigation using off-the-shelf optical cameras.
A bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on alternate wetting and drying (AWD)
Authors: Vuciterna Rina , Ruggeri Giordano , Corsi Stefano , Facchi Arianna , Gharsallah Olfa
Published: May 2024

The study presents a bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on alternate wetting and drying (AWD) as a water-saving irrigation practice for rice cultivation. Data were collected from the Web of Science, resulting in a database of 439 articles written by 2574 authors in 167 journals. The study reveals the growing importance of AWD in publications from the 90s to mid-2022, with fast growth and reaching its peak in the last 5 years, suggesting that the full potential of AWD remains yet to be realised and explored. Most papers are produced in oriental countries, except the USA and Australia. The trend of keywords in the research on AWD reveals a persistence of certain themes throughout the years while simultaneously showcasing a clear evolution of the topics being addressed. In addition to optimising productivity and agricultural yields, research now encompasses environmental issues and human and crop health, reflecting a broader trend in agriculture and research towards sustainable and environmentally responsible practices. This analysis provides insights into the development and direction of research in AWD, emphasising the need for future research to address the emerging concerns of the impact of AWD on the environment, human and crop health, and economic profitability of AWD adoption.
Approximation in the extended functional tensor train format
Authors: Strössner Christoph , Sun Bonan , Kressner Daniel
Published: May 2024

This work proposes the extended functional tensor train (EFTT) format for compressing and working with multivariate functions on tensor product domains. Our compression algorithm combines tensorized Chebyshev interpolation with a low-rank approximation algorithm that is entirely based on function evaluations. Compared to existing methods based on the functional tensor train format, the adaptivity of our approach often results in reducing the required storage, sometimes considerably, while achieving the same accuracy. In particular, we reduce the number of function evaluations required to achieve a prescribed accuracy by up to over $$96\%$$

96
%

compared to the algorithm from Gorodetsky et al. (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 347, 59–84 2019).
Hierarchical reinforcement learning for handling sparse rewards in multi-goal navigation
Authors: Yan Jiangyue , Luo Biao , Xu Xiaodong
Published: May 2024

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable advancements in navigation tasks in recent years. However, tackling multi-goal navigation tasks with sparse rewards remains a complex and challenging problem due to the long-sequence decision-making involved. Such multi-goal navigation tasks inherently incorporate a hybrid action space, where the robot needs to select a navigation endpoint first before executing primitive actions. To address the problem of multi-goal navigation with sparse rewards, we introduce a novel hierarchical RL framework named Hierarchical RL with Multi-Goal (HRL-MG). The main idea of HRL-MG is to divide and conquer the hybrid action space, splitting long-sequence decisions into short-sequence decisions. The HRL-MG framework is composed of two main modules: a selector and an actuator. The selector employs a temporal abstraction hierarchical architecture designed to specify a desired end goal based on the discrete action space. Conversely, the actuator utilizes a continuous goal-oriented hierarchical architecture developed to enact continuous action sequences to reach the desired end goal specified by the selector. In addition, we incorporate a dynamic goal detection mechanism, grounded in hindsight experience replay, to mitigate the challenges posed by sparse reward landscapes. We validated the algorithm’s efficacy on both the discrete environment Maze_2D and the continuous robotic environment MuJoCo ‘Ant’. The results indicate that HRL-MG significantly outperforms other methods in multi-goal navigation tasks with sparse rewards.
On the distribution of zeros of analytic functions in angles in $$\mathbf{C} \backslash \{ {0}\} $$
Authors: Fernández Árias A.
Published: May 2024

In this article some results on the value distribution theory of analytic
functions defined in angles of $$\mathbb{C}$$
C
, due mainly to B. Ja. Levin and A. Pfluger,
will be extended to the more general situation where the functions are defined in
angles of $$\mathbb{C}\backslash\{ 0\}$$

C
\
{
0
}

. More precisely, angles $$S ( \theta_{1},\theta_{2}) $$

S
(

θ
1

,

θ
2

)

with vertex at the origin will be
considered and where a singularity at zero is allowed. An special class of these
functions are those of completely regular growth for which it is proved a basic result
which yields an expression of the density of its zeros in terms of the indicator
function.
Weighted weak-type iterated Hardy–Copson inequalities
Authors: García V. García , Salvador P. Ortega
Published: May 2024

We characterize the good weights for some weighted weak-type iterated Hardy-Copson inequalities to hold.
Modelling the Flow Conditions and Primary Atomization of an Air-Core-Liquid-Ring (ACLR) Atomizer Using a Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian Approach
Authors: Ballesteros Martínez Miguel Ángel , Becerra Deisy , Gaukel Volker
Published: May 2024

The Air-Core-Liquid-Ring atomizer is a pioneering internal-mixing pneumatic atomization technique designed for energy-efficient spray drying of highly viscous liquid feeds with substantial solid contents. However, it can suffer internal flow instabilities, which may lead to spray droplets with a wide variation in diameter. Experimental investigation of how flow conditions mechanistically determine the resulting droplet sizes is hindered by high velocities near the nozzle outlet. Therefore, this study addressed the issue by implementing a numerical model, employing a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach with adaptive mesh refinement, to simulate the breakup of the liquid into ligaments and droplets. Additionally, Large Eddy Simulation was incorporated to replicate turbulent flow conditions observed in experiments. The numerical model demonstrated significant improvement in predicting liquid film thickness, compared to previous work. Additionally, the simulated droplet size distributions mirrored experimental trends, shifting to smaller sizes as pressure increased. Unfortunately, while reduced, there is a persistent underestimation of the lamella thickness and the droplet sizes at 0.2 MPa. In spite of this, the fact that the error propagates between the two phenomena underscores the effective coupling between Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches.
A Personalised Approach to Identifying
Important Determinants of Well-being
Authors: Ciarrochi Joseph , Sahdra Baljinder , Hayes Steven C. , Hofmann Stefan G. , Sanford Brandon , Stanton Cory , Yap Keong , Fraser Madeleine I. , Gates Kathleen , Gloster Andrew T.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To develop effective and personalized interventions, it is
essential to identify the most critical processes or psychological drivers that
impact an individual’s well-being. Some processes may be universally
beneficial to well-being across many contexts and people, while others may only
be beneficial to certain individuals in specific contexts.

Method

We conducted three intensive daily diary studies, each with
more than 50 within-person measurement occasions, across three data sets
(n1 = 44; n2 = 37; n3 = 141). We aimed
to investigate individual differences in the strength of within-person
associations between three distinct process measures and a variety of outcomes.
We utilized a unique idiographic algorithm, known as i-ARIMAX (Autoregressive
Integrated Moving Average), to determine the strength of the relationship (Beta)
between each process and outcome within individuals (“i”). All of
the computed betas were then subjected to meta-analyses, with individuals
treated as the “study”.

Results

The results revealed that the process-outcome links varied
significantly between individuals, surpassing the homogeneity typically seen in
meta-analyses of studies. Although several processes showed group-level effects,
no process was found to be universally beneficial when considered individually.
For instance, processes involving social behavior, like being assertive, did not
demonstrate any group-level links to loneliness but still had significant
individual-level effects that varied from positive to negative.

Discussion

Using i-ARIMAX might help reduce the number of candidate
variables for complex within-person analyses. Additionally, the size and pattern
of i-ARIMAX betas could prove useful in guiding personalized
interventions.
Bitcoin Price Prediction Using Sentiment Analysis and Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Arslan Serdar
Published: May 2024

Cryptocurrencies have garnered significant attention recently due to widespread investments. Additionally, researchers have increasingly turned to social media, particularly in the context of financial markets, to harness its predictive capabilities. Investors rely on platforms like Twitter to analyze investments and detect trends, which can directly impact the future price movements of Bitcoin. Understanding and analyzing Twitter sentiments can potentially provide insights into future Bitcoin price movements and can shed light on how investor sentiment affects cryptocurrency markets. In this study, we explore the correlation between Twitter activity and Bitcoin prices by examining tweets related to Bitcoin price sentiments. Our proposed model consists of two distinct networks. The first network exclusively utilizes historical price data, which is further decomposed into various components using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method. This decomposition helps mitigate the impact of irregular fluctuations on Bitcoin price predictions. Each of these components is then separately processed by Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. The second network focuses on modeling user sentiments and emotions in conjunction with Bitcoin market data. User opinions are categorized into positive and negative classes and are integrated with historical data to predict the next-day price using LSTM networks. Finally, the outputs of each network are combined to form the ultimate prediction values. Experimental results demonstrate that Twitter sentiment can effectively helps us predict Bitcoin price trends. Furthermore, to validate our proposed model, we compared it with several state-of-the-art methods. The results indicate that our approach outperforms these existing models in terms of accuracy.
The mediating role of self-regulated online learning behaviors: Exploring the impact of personality traits on student engagement
Authors: Kara Ahmet , Ergulec Funda , Eren Esra
Published: May 2024

Online learning environments have become increasingly prevalent in higher education, necessitating an understanding of factors influencing student engagement. This study examines the mediating role of self-regulated online learning in the relationship between five-factor personality traits and student engagement among university students. A sample of 437 university students from educational sciences, social sciences, and health sciences disciplines participated in the study. Data were collected using ‘The Big Five Inventory’ to assess personality traits, the ‘Self-Regulated Online Learning Questionnaire’ to measure self-regulated online learning, and the ‘Student Engagement Scale in the Online Learning Environment’ to evaluate student engagement. Structural equation modeling with bootstrap analysis was employed to analyze the data. The study findings indicate that the five factor personality traits significantly predict self-regulated online learning. Furthermore, self-regulated online learning is a significant predictor of students’ engagement in the online learning environment. Additionally, the five factor personality traits are found to be significant predictors of student engagement in the online learning environment. Lastly, self-regulated online learning plays a partially mediating role in the relationship between the five factor personality traits and student engagement in the online learning environment. This study underscores the importance of considering individual differences in personality traits and fostering self-regulated learning strategies to enhance student engagement in online learning environments. Understanding these dynamics can inform the design of effective interventions aimed at improving student outcomes in online education.
Exploring the influence of instagram use on materialism and situational intrinsic learning motivation: An online experimental study
Authors: Otto Thorsten , Thies Barbara
Published: May 2024

In recent years, social media such as YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram have become an essential part of the everyday lives of children and young adults. Integrating elements of these social media into higher education may have the potential to enhance situational intrinsic learning motivation through the emotional design and proximity to students' lives, but this also poses the risk of fostering a situational materialistic focus due to the ubiquitous materialistic content on especially Instagram, undermining situational intrinsic learning motivation. In the present study, we examined if the primary use of Instagram is associated with higher materialism and how exposure to Instagram-framed pictures influences situational intrinsic learning motivation. The current study conducted an online experiment. Participants (N = 148) were randomly assigned to one of three groups after they rated items about general and problematic social media use and materialism. In the first two groups, participants were asked to rate the pleasantness of luxury or nature Instagram-framed pictures. A third group received no pictures. Afterwards, the situational intrinsic learning motivation was assessed through a mock working task. The findings prove that people who (primarily) use Instagram tend to be more materialistic than people who (primarily) use another social medium and that exposure to Instagram-framed pictures neither positively nor negatively influenced situational intrinsic learning motivation but moderated the relationship between problematic social media use and situational intrinsic learning motivation. Limitations, implications, and future directions for social media use inhigher education are discussed.
Exploring effects of climate-smart agriculture innovations on women smallholders’ livelihoods in Ethiopia
Authors: Tsige Meseret , Synnevåg Gry , Aune Jens B.
Published: May 2024

Studies do not often provide evidence as to how innovations improve women smallholders’ livelihoods in male-headed households by analyzing women farmers in their own rights which is vital to develop and implement future gender responsive and transformative agricultural innovations. This study investigates if Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) – specifically conservation agriculture (CA) and small-scale irrigation schemes (SSIS) – improve women smallholders’ livelihoods. A concurrent mixed method was applied, and data was collected using survey, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Descriptive and t- statistics were used to analyze quantitative data and thematic and narrative analysis methods to analyze qualitative data. Findings demonstrate that gender norms and intersectional identities and experiences of women together with the absence of gender equity and equality based structural works limit improvement in women’s livelihoods. While the use of CA did not change both men and women farmers livelihoods, SSIS improved men users’ financial and physical capitals. Hence, future CSA innovations should first identify the root causes of contextual gender inequalities and CSA innovations should be implemented based on women smallholders needs, experiences and realities. Building women smallholders’ livelihood capitals through off-farm income-generating activities and broadening the operational scale of CSA innovations for addressing strategic gender needs are desired. Explicitly, there is a need to move to a gender transformative approach (GTA) when implementing CSA innovations as GTA challenges and transforms gender norms and intersectional problems including unequal gendered access to livelihood capitals and decision-making power, unequal gender role distributions and gendered representations and implementation processes in economic policies.
Detecting spatial and spatio-temporal clusters of rape in India, 2011–2020
Authors: Mathews Maria , V. S. Binu , Guddattu Vasudeva
Published: May 2024

The study aims to identify the spatial and spatio-temporal patterns of rape in India from 2011 to 2020 using crime data aggregated at the district level. The study also tries to understand persistent patterns in the spatial variation of rape incidence across the country during the study period. The annual rape data from 2011 to 2020 were extracted from the National Crime Records Bureau. Retrospective spatial and temporal cluster analyses were performed using the purely spatial (Kulldorff’s and Mann–Whitney scan statistic) and space–time scan statistic (Kulldorff’s based on the discrete Poisson model). Cluster frequency analysis was performed. Results showed the spatial heterogeneity in the pattern of rape crime across the country as well as its localization among geographically contiguous regions across time and space. The detected primary spatial clusters (P < 0.05) persisted mainly in the Central, North, and North Eastern zones of the country over the ten year study period. The primary spatio-temporal cluster (LLR = 5560.09, P < 0.001) appeared between the time frame 2014 to 2016 and was concentrated mainly in the Northern zone. Thirty-seven districts of India (5.78%) contributed to spatial clusters in all years of the study period. The heterogeneous distribution of rape across India could be due to the spatio-temporal variations in the determinants of rape (such as socioeconomic status, demographics, urbanisation, and gender equality) across the country. Identification of the localized rape clusters could result in understanding the contextual factors of rape and, thereby be beneficial to national and regional rape control strategies.
Optical $$n(p,\ T_{90})$$ Measurement Suite 2: H$$_2$$O and D$$_2$$O
Authors: Egan Patrick F. , Yang Yuanchao
Published: May 2024

A suite of measurements of refractive index $$n(p,\ T_{90})$$

n
(
p
,

T
90

)

is reported for gas phase ordinary water H$$_2$$

2

O and heavy water D$$_2$$

2

O. The methodology is optical refractive index gas metrology, operating at laser wavelength $$633\ \text {nm}$$

633

nm

and covering the range $$(293< T_{90} < 433)\ \text {K}$$

(
293
<

T
90

<
433
)

K

and $$p < 2\ \text {kPa}$$

p
<
2

kPa

. A key output of the work is the determination of molar polarizabilities $$A_{\text {R}} = 3.7466(18) \cdot [1 + 1.5(6) \times 10^{-6} (T/\text {K} - 303) ]\ \text{cm}^3 \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$$

A
R

=
3.7466

(
18
)

·

[
1
+
1.5

(
6
)

×

10

-
6

(
T
/
K
-
303
)

]

cm
3

·

mol

-
1

for ordinary water, and $$A_{\text {R}} = 3.7135(18) \cdot [1 + 4.4(10) \times 10^{-6} (T/\text {K} - 303) ]\ \text{cm}^3 \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$$

A
R

=
3.7135

(
18
)

·

[
1
+
4.4

(
10
)

×

10

-
6

(
T
/
K
-
303
)

]

cm
3

·

mol

-
1

for heavy water, with the numbers in parentheses expressing standard uncertainty. For heavy water, this work appears to be only the second gas phase measurement to date. For both ordinary and heavy water, this work agrees within $$0.15\ \%$$

0.15

%

with recent ab initio theoretical results for $$A_{\text {R}}$$

A
R

, but the comparison is affected by imperfect knowledge of dispersion. For ordinary water, the close agreement between the present work and theory suggests problems at the $$2\ \%$$

2

%

level in the low density limit of the reference formulation for refractivity.
Optimal fiscal policy under finite planning horizons
Authors: Jung Euiyoung , Lee Chul-In
Published: May 2024

We propose a novel framework that revisits the seminal Chamley-Judd zero capital taxation result in light of bounded rationality stemming from a finite policy planning horizon and structural frictions in fiscal institutions. We show a mechanism that generates positive optimal capital taxation in the long run. Our numerical results indicate that the current tax system in the United States could be near-optimal in a constrained environment where policymakers exhibit limited policy planning horizons and imperfect altruism toward household welfare under subsequent governments.
Effects of School-Based Neurofeedback Training on Attention in Students with Autism and Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Gacek Michał , Smoleń Tomasz , Krzywoszański Łukasz , Bartecka-Śmietana Agnieszka , Kulasek-Filip Beata , Piotrowska Maja , Sepielak Dominika , Supernak Katarzyna
Published: May 2024

In this study we aimed to assess the influence of school-based neurofeedback training on the attention of students with autism and intellectual disabilities. We assessed 24 students of a special education center who attended neurofeedback training sessions during the schoolyear; we also assessed 25 controls from the same center. We used two computer tasks to assess sustained attention in simple and cognitively demanding test situations, and we used a pen-and-paper task to assess selective attention. Each student who took part in the study was tested at the beginning and at the end of the schoolyear. Students from the experimental group significantly improved their performance in the task related to sustained attention to simple stimuli. No performance improvement related to neurofeedback treatment was observed in either sustained attention in cognitively demanding situations or selective attention. School-based neurofeedback training may improve sustained attention to simple stimuli in students with developmental disabilities.
A Systematic Syllabi Review on Interdisciplinary Personnel Preparation Programs
Authors: Alexandre Suzanne G. , Szocik Katherine , Ghildyal Prachi , Xu Yaoying
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to develop an effective evaluation tool to review course syllabi as a method for ensuring effective outcomes for interdisciplinary personnel preparation. A well-written course syllabus reflects the quality of the academic program in which the coursework is a part. A review of the syllabi across interdisciplinary programs is an attempt to align the quality of the courses and the graduate student competencies as set forth by each program. A syllabus evaluation form was developed and used systematically by three reviewers who gave each syllabus in the program a rating based on the three project target competencies and the listed indicators. For this project, three common components of syllabi were reviewed: learning outcomes, readings, and assignments. The findings suggest that a systematic syllabi review can be used to determine individual course alignment and for overall program evaluation. Findings also suggest that a syllabi evaluation form can be an effective tool to use in systematic syllabi reviews.
Photoelectrochemical properties of doped TiO2 nanowires grown by seed-assisted thermal oxidation
Authors: Zimbone Massimo , Battiato Sergio , Calcagno Lucia , Pezzotti Escobar Gianni , Pellegrino Giovanna , Mirabella Salvo , Giuffrida Federico , Impellizzeri Giuliana
Published: May 2024

Titanium dioxide Nanowires (NWs) are particularly interesting because of their very high surface/volume ratio and their photocatalytic activity allows them to be used in a myriad of applications. This manuscript presents a study of nanowires grown on a conductive substrate making use of a seed-assisted thermal oxidation process. To obtain doped NWs, before the oxidation, metallic titanium was doped with Fe (or Cr) by ion implantation technology. Analyses showed good quality Rutile phase and light absorption in the visible range. Transport properties of the NWs/electrolyte junction were investigated by using linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. They allowed us to measure the photovoltage and the barrier height of the junction. We also evaluated the density of hole trap states at the interface during illumination. Electrical results indicate that the formation of deep levels, induced by doping, influences the electron concentration in the TiO2 and the transport properties.

Graphical abstract
Role of interfacial layer as PANI–silicene in Si-based photodiodes
Authors: Kocyigit Adem , Yıldız Dilber Esra , Taşaltın Nevin , Yıldırım Murat
Published: May 2024

Silicene is a 2D monoatomic sheet of silicon and can be used for various applications such as degradation, therapy, and biosafety. Polyaniline (PANI) is a conducting polymer employed for electronic devices. In this study, we synthesized PANI–silicene composites and operated as an external interfacial layer between Al and different type substrates of p-Si and n-Si to compare Schottky-type photodiodes of PANI–silicene/n-Si and PANI–silicene/p-Si. The silicene structures were investigated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Also, the light power intensity dependent of PANI–silicene/n-Si and PANI–silicene/p-Si photodiodes carried out in the range 0–100 mW/cm2 and I–t measurements utilized to determine the response time of the photodiodes. Basic parameters of devices such as ideality factors barrier, height, and series resistance were obtained by Norde and Cheung methods and thermionic emission (TE) theory from I–V graphs. While the PANI–silicene/n-Si exhibited high ideality factor values of 5.49, the PANI–silicene/p-Si photodiodes showed a low ideality factor of 1.48. The photodiode parameters such as detectivity and responsivity were calculated as 6.40 × 109 Jones and 38.9 mA/W for n-Si substrate and 78.2 mA/W and 8.81 × 109 Jones for p-Si substrate. The case of basic electrical properties for PANI–silicene composite interlayer-based photodiodes was analyzed in detail.
Role of carbon substitutional and vacancy in tailoring the H2 adsorption energy over a hexagonal boron nitride monolayer: an ab initio study
Authors: Ghosh Sulagna , Nath Palash , Moshat Sudipta , Sanyal Dirtha
Published: May 2024

The effect of the substitutional and vacancy type defects on the H2 adsorption energy over a monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate has been studied by using the van der Waals density functional theory calculations. Carbon doping at the boron site or formation of boron vacancy can be an effective way to increase the adsorption energy value of a pristine h-BN substrate. The repulsive lateral interaction present in between the two H2 molecules plays a vital role in case of multiple H2 molecule adsorption over the substrate. Also, the carbon cluster formation during doping can have a favorable effect in the overall storage capacity of the h-BN substrate.