bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co1−xS@CNT composite with a three-dimensional skeleton for high-performance magnesium–lithium hybrid batteries
Authors: Shan Changwei , Wei Wutao , Ling Ximin , Qin Xuyan , Liu Zhao , Song Mingjie , Mi Liwei
Published: February 2024

Porous Co1−xS@CNT composites were prepared using simple materials using ice crystals as templates. The composite material has a porous three-dimensional skeleton structure and is highly reversible as an electrode for Mg2+/Li+ hybrid cells.
Direct laser induced writing of high precision gold nanosphere SERS patterns
Authors: Geladari Olympia , Haizmann Philipp , Maier Andre , Strienz Markus , Eberle Martin , Scheele Marcus , Peisert Heiko , Schnepf Andreas , Chassé Thomas , Braun Kai , Meixner Alfred J.
Published: February 2024

Introducing a fast, reliable, and flexible “Direct Laser Writing” technology for printing precise and complex SERS-patters on different substrates of any desired structure with nanometer resolution for applications in sensor technology and optoelectronics.
Photocatalytic antibacterial agents based on inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials: a review
Authors: She Ping , Li Shuming , Li Xuejing , Rao Heng , Men Xiaoju , Qin Jun-sheng
Published: February 2024

A systematic summary of recent disinfection developments based on inorganic nanomaterials, which hold great potential for future photocatalytic antibacterial applications, has been exhibited.
Near-visible light active biomass derived benzoin photoinitiators for energy curing applications
Authors: Singathi Ravichandranath , Baburaj Sruthy , Parthiban Jayachandran , Carroll Gregory T. , Jockusch Steffen , Sivaguru Jayaraman
Published: February 2024

Benzoin derived photoinitiators were successfully synthesized from biomass and are effective in promoting free radical polymerization under near-visible light irradiations.
Photoinduced amination of iodoalkanes enabled by bifunctional O-benzoyl oxime
Authors: Zheng Meng-Jie , Qi Xu-Kuan , Yang Chao , Guo Lin , Zhao Yating , Xia Wujiong
Published: February 2024

A photo-induced amination strategy that facilitates the transformation of iodoalkanes and bifunctional O-benzoyl oxime into alkyl amines is herein reported.
“Gear-driven”-type chirality transfer of tetraphenylethene-based supramolecular organic frameworks for peptides in water
Authors: Yan Chaochao , Li Qingfang , Wang Kaige , Yang Wanni , Han Jingyu , Li Yawen , Dong Yunhong , Chu Dake , Cheng Lin , Cao Liping
Published: February 2024

A “gear-driven”-type chirality transfer mechanism has been proposed to illustrate the multiple-step chirality transfer of TPE-based supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) for peptides.
Boryls, their compounds and reactivity: a structure and bonding perspective
Authors: Guo Xueying , Lin Zhenyang
Published: February 2024

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the reaction chemistry of boryl compounds, including transition metal boryl complexes and diborane(4) compounds, from a structure and bonding perspective.
Analysis of photocatalytic CO2 reduction over MOFs using machine learning
Authors: Özsoysal Simay , Oral Burcu , Yıldırım Ramazan
Published: February 2024

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction over metal organic frameworks is investigated by constructing a database from published articles and analyzed using machine learning tools to predict the total gas product yield and predominant product types under various conditions.
Constructing plasmonic electron acceptors on TiO2 for full-spectrum-driven photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Lu Changhai , Cai Xiaoyan , Liu Xiaolei , Tian Dehua , Li Baojun , Li Juan , Lou Zaizhu
Published: February 2024

W-doped TiO2 nanodots (WTO-NDs) as plasmonic electron acceptors were controllably grown on TiO2 nanosheets (TO-NSs) to construct a plasmonic isotype heterostructure of WTO-NDs/TO-NSs for full-spectrum-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Unlocking the potential of coinage-based quaternary chalcogenides for thermoelectricity
Authors: Gholami Mahsa , Hajiahmadi Zahra , Naghavi S. Shahab
Published: February 2024

The pursuit of thermoelectric materials poses a formidable challenge, given that numerous predicted candidates fail in real-world applications.
Manganese oxide-based mesoporous thin-film electrodes: manganese disproportionation reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Durukan Irmak Karakaya , Ulu Işıl , Dag Ömer
Published: February 2024

In this study, we explore the disproportionation reaction mechanism in alkaline media during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) utilizing mesoporous electrodes, namely LiMn2O4 (m-LMO), Mn3O4 (m-Mn3O4), and Mn2P2O7 (m-MnPP).
Challenges for reliable analysis of uranium in natural waters using laser-induced fluorimetry/LED-fluorimetry in the presence of fluoride and diverse humic substances in hot arid regions and future advances – review
Authors: Rathore D. P. S. , Tarafder P. K. , Balaram V.
Published: February 2024

There is large variations in diverse water samples due to time interval between sample collection and analysis in the presence of fluoride and humic substances in hot arid regions.
Indazolin-3-ylidenes (Indy*): easily accessible, sterically-hindered indazole-derived N-heterocyclic carbenes and their application in gold catalysis
Authors: Zhang Jin , Liu Ting , Zhang Gaopeng , Cai Jianglong , Wang Yue , Tong Jianbo , Ma Yangmin , Szostak Roman , Szostak Michal
Published: February 2024

We report novel sterically-hindered ligands with strong σ-donation from the C3-indazole carbene center and flexible N-substitution with a 2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)aryl group that extends beyond the metal center in non-classical N-heterocyclic carbenes.
Correction: Effect of pomelo seed-derived carbon on the performance of supercapacitors
Authors: Yin Zhenyao , Xu Yaping , Wu Jinggao , Huang Jing
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘Effect of pomelo seed-derived carbon on the performance of supercapacitors’ by Zhenyao Yin et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2021,3, 2007–2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NA00778A.
Status, challenges, and promises of data‐driven battery lifetime prediction under cyber‐physical system context
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Sihui , Li Peiyi , Wan Jiayu , Li Xin
Published: February 2024

Energy storage is playing an increasingly important role in the modern world as sustainability is becoming a critical issue. Within this domain, rechargeable battery is gaining significant popularity as it has been adopted to serve as the power supplier in a broad range of application scenarios, such as cyber‐physical system (CPS), due to multiple advantages. On the other hand, battery inspection and management solutions have been constructed based on the CPS architecture in order to guarantee the quality, reliability and safety of rechargeable batteries. In specific, lifetime prediction is extensively studied in recent research as it can help assess the quality and health status to facilitate the manufacturing and maintenance. Due to the aforementioned importance, the authors aim to conduct a comprehensive survey on the data‐driven techniques for battery lifetime prediction, including their current status, challenges and promises. In contrast to existing literature, the battery lifetime prediction methods are studied under CPS context in this survey. Hence, the authors focus on the algorithms for lifetime prediction as well as the engineering frameworks that enable the data acquisition and deployment of prediction models in CPS systems. Through this survey, the authors intend to investigate both academic and practical values in the domain of battery lifetime prediction to benefit both researchers and practitioners.
A two‐stage, four‐layer robust optimisation model for distributed cooperation in multi‐microgrids
Authors: Rong Haobo , Wang Jianhui , Kuang Honghai
Published: February 2024

As the integration of microgrids (MG) and energy storage continues to grow, the need for efficient distributed cooperation between MGs and common energy storage (CES) becomes paramount. A robust optimisation model for the distributed cooperation of MG‐CES is presented, taking into account distributed generation under uncertainty. The proposed model follows a two‐stage, four‐layer ‘min‐min‐max‐min’ structure. In the first stage, the initial layer ‘min’ addresses the distributed cooperation problem between MG and CES, while the second stage employs ‘min‐max‐min’ to optimise the scheduling of MG. To enhance the solution process and expedite convergence, the authors introduce a column‐constrained generation algorithm with alternating iterations of U and D variables (CCG‐UD) specifically designed for the three‐layer structure in the second stage. This algorithm effectively decouples subproblems, contributing to accelerated solutions. To tackle the convergence challenges posed by the non‐convex MG‐CES model, the authors integrate the Bregman alternating direction method with multipliers (BADMM) with CCG‐UD in the final solution step. Real case tests are conducted using three zone‐level MGs to validate the efficacy of the proposed model and methodology. The results demonstrate the practical utility and efficiency of the developed approach in addressing distributed cooperation challenges in microgrid systems with energy storage.
Analysis of fault current contributions from small‐scale single‐phase photovoltaic inverters and their impacts on the protection of electric power distribution systems
Authors: de Almeida Lucas Rodrigues , da Costa Lima Rodrigo Nobis , Macedo Junior José Rubens
Published: February 2024

This paper presents an analysis of the fault current contributions of small‐scale single‐phase photovoltaic inverters under grid‐connected operation and their potential impact on the protection of distribution systems. To conduct this analysis, an autotransformer‐based voltage dip generator is proposed as a means to test the photovoltaic inverters' contribution to short‐circuit currents. Laboratory tests are then performed to obtain the short‐circuit current contribution of eight single‐phase photovoltaic inverters. Using the short‐circuit current data obtained, a behaviour model is developed and simulated on Matlab‐Simulink. The model is then applied to a real distribution system and case studies are conducted to simulate the potential impacts on the protection system. Results indicate that while the massive penetration of small‐scale single‐phase photovoltaic inverters can alter the protection system's operating time, the impacts are not significant. Only in very specific scenarios, such as events related to high impedance faults, some impact can be observed. In these situations, the presence of photovoltaic inverters further complicates the already difficult task of identifying high impedance faults through conventional overcurrent protections. This study provides valuable insights into the integration of photovoltaic inverters into distribution systems, and can aid in the development of effective protection measures for future grid designs.
Application of context-driven methodology for implementing the smart city concept in Czech republic
Authors: Schwarzová Zuzana , Walletzký Leonard , Ge Mouzhi , Procházka Patrik
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the significance of context comprehension within the smart city domain by emphasizing the various perspectives of stakeholders such as ministries, municipalities, and citizens. Since the value of service provision depends on the interactions across different service systems within distinct domains and contexts, through an exploration of the value chain and formulation of value propositions, the paper aims to achieve the synergy among diverse service contexts. Using the smart city context of the Czech Republic as a case study, the paper systematically examines the implementation of context-driven methodology and provides insights for the broader development of smart cities. Also, this study highlights the importance of understanding service overlaps and identifies key issues for future service research, with potential applicability in smart city initiatives, particularly in middle and eastern EU countries.
Novel ways to analyse and cope alert-fatigue phenomenon in intensive care units
Authors: Rozenes Shai , Fux Adi , Kagan Ilya , Hellerman Moran , Tadmor Boaz , Benis Arriel
Published: February 2024

In Intensive Care Units (ICUs), patient monitoring relies on many devices configured to trigger alarms when specific physiological parameters surpass pre-established thresholds, including metrics like heart rate and oxygen saturation. Nevertheless, these alerts are susceptible to fallibility and frequently contribute to a common issue called “alert fatigue,” wherein healthcare practitioners become desensitized to the alarms due to their frequent occurrence, often with questionable accuracy. This research introduces an innovative model to mitigate the alert fatigue phenomenon in ICUs by diminishing the overall requirement for medical interventions. The model is developed following the system dynamics (SD) methodology framework. The initial phase of the study encompasses the development of a current-state model, which, when implemented, was validated by medical and nursing professionals in the ICU. The subsequent phase involves a simulated implementation of our novel model, resulting in a reduction in the total number of interventions, thereby, based on the common assumption, reducing the alert fatigue phenomenon. This simulated SD model lays the groundwork for the prospective design of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) systems, which are poised to contribute significantly to mitigate alert fatigue and enhance patient safety.
Intelligence Augmentation and capability co-elevation in healthcare enabled by reasoned transparency
Authors: Carrubbo Luca , Megaro Antonietta
Published: February 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems in healthcare can have a significant impact on the performance of the actors involved, encouraging, for example, increasingly early diagnoses, personalized treatments and more accurate data management and processing techniques. However, these results may depend on increasingly profitable human-machine interactions, Intelligence Augmentation, and potential in terms of capability co-elevation. Starting from this assumption, this study aims to understand which can be the Intelligence Augmentation and capability co- elevation driver in healthcare. This conceptual paper has been carried out with the conceptual goal of delineating, so, to address the research question, a deductive reasoning approach was applied and the methodological approach followed has been based on the description of the theoretical background, definition of evidence from an illustrative case, Livongo Health, addressed by analyzing secondary data extrapolated from the website contents, and development conclusions. From the illustration case, insights have been outlined to understand how to achieve the objectives of Intelligence Augmentation and capability co-elevation: it has been observed how the reasoned transparency in AI systems can be understood as an enabling factor.
La dent : un marqueur d’anomalies génétiques du développement
Authors: de La Dure-Molla Muriel , Gaucher Céline , Dupré Nicolas , Bloch Zupan Agnès , Berdal Ariane , Chaussain Catherine
Published: February 2024

L’odontogenèse résulte d’évènements reflétant de multiples processus impliqués dans le développement : crêtes neurales, interactions épithélio-mésenchymateuses, minéralisation. Les anomalies dentaires sont donc d’excellents marqueurs de l’impact de mutations de gènes qui affectent différents systèmes biologiques, tels que le métabolisme minéral, l’os, le rein, la peau ou le système nerveux. Dans cette revue, nous présentons de façon synthétique les gènes impliqués dans plusieurs maladies rares au travers de défauts des dents caractéristiques, de nombre, de forme et de structure.
Le cancer de la cavité orale : une entité spécifique ?
Authors: Rochefort Juliette , Radoi Lorédana , Campana Fabrice , Fricain Jean-Christophe , Lescaille Géraldine
Published: February 2024

Les carcinomes épidermoïdes de la cavité orale sont le 17e cancer le plus fréquent dans le monde. Les facteurs de risque principaux sont l’alcool et le tabac mais des facteurs alimentaires, familiaux, génétiques ou certaines maladies orales peuvent intervenir dans la genèse de ces cancers. Le diagnostic est tardif, entraînant un pronostic sombre. De nouvelles approches, comme l’utilisation de l’intelligence artificielle ou de marqueurs biologiques salivaires pourraient réduire ces délais. La prise en charge actuelle de ces cancers repose sur la chirurgie, la chimiothérapie et la radiothérapie, mais avec une iatrogénie importante. Les immunothérapies pourraient devenir une alternative à ces traitements et certaines caractéristiques du microenvironnement immunitaire pourraient constituer un/des marqueurs pronostiques.
Continuity of the solution set mappings to parametric unified weak vector equilibrium problems via free-disposal sets
Authors: Zhou Daqiong , Peng Zaiyun , Lin Zhi , Wang Jingjing
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the lower and upper semicontinuity of the solution mappings for parametric unified weak vector equilibrium problem (PUWVEP) are established, via free-disposal set and non-linear scalarization function. Moreover, example is given to illustrate the obtained results. The results improve the corresponding ones in the literature [Z.Y. Peng and S.S. Chang, Optim. Lett. (2014) 8 159–169.], [Z.Y. Peng, X.B. Li, X.J. Long and X.D. Fan, Optim. Lett. (2018) 12 1339–1356.], [Z.Y. Peng, J.W. Peng, X.J. Long and J.C. Yao, J. Global Optim. 70 (2018) 55–69.].
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Treated by Homoeopathy: An Evidence-Based Case Report
Authors: Nahar Laijun , Shil Ratan Chandra
Published: February 2024

Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies among reproductive women. Cardinal manifestations of PCOS include hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation and/or polycystic ovarian morphology. Affected women often display notable metabolic co-morbidities. Plenty of evidence on PCOS favouring homoeopathy is available in the literature. In this case, also individualised medicine portrayed a favourable response within a short span of time.

Case Summary A case of PCOS with the complaint of irregular, delayed menses, acne on the face and dark pigmentation on the neck for the last 3 years is presented here. The outcome was assessed by using two validated measurement scales. After 4 months of follow-up, the case was markedly improved on the Outcome Related to Impact on Daily Living (ORIDL) scale (+4) as per the patient's perspective. Clinical improvement was correlated with objective evidence from the ultrasonography report. Modified Naranjo criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) score recorded at the final visit (+8 on the ‘−6 to 13’ scale) is suggestive of a high likelihood of improvement by homoeopathic intervention.

Conclusion The case report presented here has produced significant evidence of the effect of individualised homoeopathic medicine in the treatment of PCOS within a short time.
Fibroma desmoplásico na tíbia proximal: Relato de caso
Authors: Pujol Oriol , Castellanos Sara , Carrasco María G. , Garzón Alejandro , Romagosa Cleofe , Vélez Roberto
Published: February 2024

O fibroma desmoplásico do osso é um tumor fibrogênico muito incomum, benigno, mas localmente agressivo. Este relato descreve o caso de uma paciente de 45 anos com um enorme fibroma desmoplásico na tíbia proximal. Foi realizado com sucesso um procedimento cirúrgico em dois tempos: ressecção ampla e reconstrução endoprotética. Os cirurgiões devem estar cientes da complexidade de seu tratamento nos casos localmente avançados e agressivos. Uma revisão abrangente da literatura também é fornecida.
Atualização no manejo da dor musculoesquelética
Authors: Tsai André Wan Wen , Kobayashi Ricardo , Liu Ibrahim Afrânio Willi , Fim Márcio , Liggieri André Cicone , Machado Edilson Silva
Published: February 2024

A dor é a queixa mais comum recebida pelo ortopedista no ambulatório e/ou emergência. Inúmeras publicações relatam o manejo inadequado tanto da dor aguda quanto da dor crônica pelos profissionais da saúde. O objetivo desse artigo de atualização é trazer informações sobre a dor musculoesquelética, sua classificação, avaliação, diagnóstico e abordagem terapêutica multimodal para cada situação. Desta maneira, nas dores agudas seu controle adequado possibilita um trabalho de reabilitação mais precoce, bem como diminui os índices de cronificação da dor. Nas dores crônicas sua abordagem além da diminuição de sua intensidade, visa também melhorar a qualidade de vida. Atualmente alguns procedimentos estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados com auxílio de aparato de imagem com objetivo diagnóstico e terapêutico.
Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome through Individualised Homoeopathic Medicine: Two Case Reports
Authors: Verma Divya , Kumar Arun
Published: February 2024

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common metabolic and reproductive disorders among women of reproductive age. Women suffering from PCOS present with menstrual dysfunction and androgen excess. Two patients aged 16 and 19 years suffering from PCOS were treated successfully with individualised homoeopathic medicine. These two cases of PCOS were treated with marked improvement within 1.5 years by individualised homoeopathic medicine with change in potency and repetition as per requirement. Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) was used as a tool for attributing a causal relationship between the homoeopathic intervention and outcome. Visual analogue scale was used as a tool for assessing pain during menses (dysmenorrhoea). The improvement is evident from the regularity of the menstrual cycle, along with the resolution of cysts in ovaries as evidenced by ultrasonography reports which indicate a positive response of homoeopathy in relieving the symptoms as well as pathology associated with PCOS.
The characteristics of Cu-doped lead apatite (LK-99) synthesized with the removal of Cu2S using ammonia solution: A diamagnetic semiconductor
Authors: Lei Zhujialei , Lin Chin-Wei , Chen I-Nan , Chou Chun-Tse , Lin Yen-Lin , Chen Jau-Han , Sung Huang-Huei , Wang Li-Min
Published: February 2024

This study evaluated the superconducting properties of Cu-doped lead apatite “LK-99” and synthesized LK-99 samples using the process proposed by a team from Korea, who first described the process. Additionally, whether the results of this Korean team were related to Cu2S was also examined using an ammonia solution (NH3·H2O) to remove Cu2S. Through x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses, a distinct Cu2S phase was identified in the LK-99 samples. This phase was effectively eliminated through a subsequent treatment using an ammonia solution. The appearance of blue Cu+2 ions in the solution and the elimination of the Cu2S peak in XRD supported the conclusion. The magnetic and electrical properties of LK-99 with and without Cu2S suggest that the superconductor-like behavior in LK-99 predominantly arises from a transition in resistivity due to the influence of Cu2S. As such, LK-99 is better classified as a diamagnetic semiconductor than a room-temperature superconductor. The room-temperature superconductors still require further research.
Coherent optical response driven by non-equilibrium electron–phonon dynamics in a layered transition-metal dichalcogenide
Authors: Fukuda Takumi , Makino Kotaro , Saito Yuta , Fons Paul , Ando Atsushi , Mori Takuya , Ishikawa Ryo , Ueno Keiji , Afalla Jessica , Hase Muneaki
Published: February 2024

Layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are model systems to explore ultrafast many-body interactions and various nonlinear optical phenomena. For the application of TMD-based optoelectronic devices capable of ultrafast response, it is essential to understand how characteristic electron–hole and electron–phonon couplings modify ultrafast electronic and optical properties under photoexcitation. Here, we investigate the sub-picosecond optical responses of layered semiconductor 2H–MoTe2 in the presence of an electron–hole (e–h) plasma and a long-lived coherent phonon. Transient reflectivity measurements depending on photon energy reveal that the optical response for short-time delays (< 1ps) was significantly modified by band-gap renormalization and state filling due to the presence of the e–h plasma. Furthermore, octave, sum, and difference phonon frequencies transiently appeared for the early time delays (< 2ps). The emergent multiple phonon frequencies can be described as higher-order optical modulations due to deformation-potential electron–phonon coupling under resonant photoexcitation conditions. This work provides comprehensive insights into fundamental physics and the application of non-equilibrium quasiparticle generations on TMDs under time-periodic phonon driving forces.
Switching in harmony: Tailoring the properties of functional materials with orthogonal stimuli
Authors: Thaggard Grace C. , Maldeni Kankanamalage Buddhima K. P. , Park Kyoung Chul , Haimerl Johanna , Fischer Roland A. , Shustova Natalia B.
Published: February 2024

Bridging the current gap between the precision and efficiency demonstrated by natural systems and synthetic materials requires interfacing and independently controlling multiple stimuli-responsive building blocks in a single platform. The mentioned orthogonal control over material properties (i.e., the ability to selectively activate one stimuli-responsive moiety without affecting another) could pave the way for a multitude of applications, including logic-gated optoelectronics, on-demand drug delivery platforms, and molecular shuttles, for example. In this Review, we highlight the recent successful strategies to achieve orthogonal control over material properties using a combination of stimuli-responsive building blocks and multiple independent stimuli. We begin by surveying the fundamental studies of multi-stimuli-responsive systems, which utilize a variety of stimuli to activate a single stimuli-responsive moiety (e.g., spiropyran, diarylethene, or dihydroazulene derivatives), because these studies lay the foundation for the design of systems containing more than one independently controlled fragment. As a next step, we overview the emerging field focusing on systems which are composed of more than one unique stimuli-responsive unit that can respond to independent stimuli, including distinct excitation wavelengths, or a combination of light, heat, pH, potential, or ionic strength. Recent advances clearly demonstrate how strategic coupling of orthogonally controlled stimuli-responsive units can allow for selective modulation of a range of material properties, such as conductivity, catalytic performance, and biological activity. Thus, the highlighted studies foreshadow the emerging role of materials with orthogonally controlled properties to impact the next generation of photopharmacology, nanotechnology, optoelectronics, and biomimetics.
Atomic force microscopy gets a feel for electron spins
Authors: Miller Johanna
Published: February 2024

The microscopic mechanical measurements yield new insights into single molecules’ chemical properties—and even their isotopic composition.
Estimating the attainable soil organic carbon deficit in the soil fine fraction to inform feasible storage targets and de-risk carbon farming decisions
Authors: Karunaratne Senani , Asanopoulos Christina , Jin Huidong , Baldock Jeff , Searle Ross , Macdonald Ben , Macdonald Lynne M.
Published: February 2024

Context Defining soil organic carbon (SOC) ‘potential’ storage, underpins the economic feasibility of carbon sequestration; however, ‘potential’ storage is not quantifiable using historical and current empirical data. We propose a framework to define ‘attainable’ SOC storage that varies with soil properties, environmental conditions and management practices. Aims Within the soil fine fraction, we quantified additional storage capacity of the fine fraction SOC attainable deficit (FFSOC_Attainable_Def) by the difference between attainable (FFSOC_Attainable) and actual fine fraction SOC. Methods Using three analyses, we developed a framework to: (1) estimate the FFSOC_Attainable_Def of the fine fraction of Australian agricultural soils within broad mean annual precipitation ranges and soil depth classes; (2) establish rapid prediction capability for the FFSOC_Attainable_Def using infrared/partial least square regression modelling; and (3) generate spatial FFSOC_Attainable_Def estimates for agricultural regions with ensemble Random Forest modelling. Key results Global analyses of FFSOC_Attainable_Def do not consider key environmental drivers of carbon inflows and outflows nor soil depth. Separate analyses of soils derived from different combinations of precipitation and soil depth need to include variations in environmental conditions and soil properties to accurately define FFSOC_Attainable and FFSOC_Attainable_Def within the fine fraction. Spatially estimated FFSOC_Attainable_Def stocks revealed an opportunity to increase current fine fraction SOC stock by 3.47 GT (0–0.10 m depth) and 3.24 GT (0.10–0.30 m depth). Conclusions Our findings suggests that FFSOC_Attainable_Def is dynamic, not static. Caution is needed when interpreting the results from this analysis. Implications Deriving estimates of FFSOC_Attainable_Def will reduce risks in decision making on carbon farming in national policies.
Cell lineage–guided mass spectrometry reveals increased energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species in the vertebrate organizer
Authors: Baxi Aparna B. , Li Jie , Quach Vi M. , Pade Leena R. , Moody Sally A. , Nemes Peter
Published: February 2024

Molecular understanding of the vertebrate Organizer, a tissue center critical for inductive signaling during gastrulation, has so far been mostly limited to transcripts and a few proteins, the latter due to limitations in detection and sensitivity. The Spemann–Mangold Organizer (SMO) in the South African Clawed Frog (
X. laevis
), a popular model of development, has long been known to be the origin of signals that pattern the mesoderm and central nervous system. Molecular screens of the SMO have identified several genes responsible for the ability of the SMO to establish the body axis. Nonetheless, a comprehensive study of proteins and metabolites produced specifically in the SMO and their functional roles has been lacking. Here, we pioneer a deep discovery proteomic and targeted metabolomic screen of the SMO in comparison to the remainder of the embryo using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Quantification of ~4,600 proteins and a panel of targeted metabolites documented differential expression for 460 proteins and multiple intermediates of energy metabolism in the SMO. Upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and redox regulatory proteins gave rise to elevated oxidative stress and an accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the SMO. Imaging experiments corroborated these findings, discovering enrichment of hydrogen peroxide in the SMO. Chemical perturbation of the redox gradient perturbed mesoderm involution during early gastrulation. HRMS expands the bioanalytical toolbox of cell and developmental biology, providing previously unavailable information on molecular classes to challenge and refine our classical understanding of the Organizer and its function during early patterning of the embryo.
Root-specific photoreception directs early root development by HY5-regulated ROS balance
Authors: Li Jiaojiao , Zeng Jian , Tian Zhaoxia , Zhao Zhong
Published: February 2024

Root development is tightly controlled by light, and the response is thought to depend on signal transmission from the shoot. Here, we show that the root apical meristem perceives light independently from aboveground organs to activate the light-regulated transcription factor
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5
(
HY5
). The ROS balance between H
2
O
2
and superoxide anion in the root is disturbed under darkness with increased H
2
O
2
. We demonstrate that root-derived HY5 directly activates
PER6
expression to eliminate H
2
O
2
. Moreover, HY5 directly represses
UPBEAT1
, a known inhibitor of peroxidases, to release the expression of
PERs
, partially contributing to the light control of ROS balance in the root. Our results reveal an unexpected ability in roots with specific photoreception and provide a mechanistic framework for the HY5-mediated interaction between light and ROS signaling in early root development.
A macrophage-collagen fragment axis mediates subcutaneous adipose tissue remodeling in mice
Authors: Vujičić Milica , Broderick Isabella , Salmantabar Pegah , Perian Charlène , Nilsson Jonas , Sihlbom Wallem Carina , Wernstedt Asterholm Ingrid
Published: February 2024

Efficient removal of fibrillar collagen is essential for adaptive subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) expansion that protects against ectopic lipid deposition during weight gain. Here, we used mice to further define the mechanism for this collagenolytic process. We show that loss of collagen type-1 (CT1) and increased CT1-fragment levels in expanding SAT are associated with proliferation of resident M2-like macrophages that display increased CD206-mediated engagement in collagen endocytosis compared to chow-fed controls. Blockage of CD206 during acute high-fat diet-induced weight gain leads to SAT CT1-fragment accumulation associated with elevated inflammation and fibrosis markers. Moreover, these SAT macrophages’ engagement in collagen endocytosis is diminished in obesity associated with elevated levels collagen fragments that are too short to assemble into triple helices. We show that such short fragments provoke M2-macrophage proliferation and fibroinflammatory changes in fibroblasts. In conclusion, our data delineate the importance of a macrophage-collagen fragment axis in physiological SAT expansion. Therapeutic targeting of this process may be a means to prevent pathological adipose tissue remodeling, which in turn may reduce the risk for obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Aqueous chemimemristor based on proton-permeable graphene membranes
Authors: Wang Yongkang , Seki Takakazu , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Chen Yunfei , Nagata Yuki , Bonn Mischa
Published: February 2024

Memristive devices, electrical elements whose resistance depends on the history of applied electrical signals, are leading candidates for future data storage and neuromorphic computing. Memristive devices typically rely on solid-state technology, while aqueous memristive devices are crucial for biology-related applications such as next-generation brain-machine interfaces. Here, we report a simple graphene-based aqueous memristive device with long-term and tunable memory regulated by reversible voltage-induced interfacial acid-base equilibria enabled by selective proton permeation through the graphene. Surface-specific vibrational spectroscopy verifies that the memory of the graphene resistivity arises from the hysteretic proton permeation through the graphene, apparent from the reorganization of interfacial water at the graphene/water interface. The proton permeation alters the surface charge density on the CaF
2
substrate of the graphene, affecting graphene’s electron mobility, and giving rise to synapse-like resistivity dynamics. The results pave the way for developing experimentally straightforward and conceptually simple aqueous electrolyte-based neuromorphic iontronics using two-dimensional (2D) materials.
Discovery of lirafugratinib (RLY-4008), a highly selective irreversible small-molecule inhibitor of FGFR2
Authors: Schönherr Heike , Ayaz Pelin , Taylor Alexander M. , Casaletto Jessica B. , Touré B. Barry , Moustakas Demetri T. , Hudson Brandi M. , Valverde Roberto , Zhao Songping , O’Hearn Patrick J. , Foster Lindsey , Sharon Dina A. , Garfinkle Sam , Giordanetto Fabrizio , Lescarbeau André , Kurukulasuriya Ravi , Gerami-Moayed Nastaran , Maglic Dejan , Bruderek Kamil , Naik Gaauri , Gunaydin Hakan , Mader Mary M. , Boezio Alessandro A. , McLean Thomas H. , Chen Rongfeng , Wang Yanxia , Shaw David E. , Watters James , Bergstrom Donald A.
Published: February 2024

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase inhibitors have been shown to be effective in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other advanced solid tumors harboring
FGFR2
alterations, but the toxicity of these drugs frequently leads to dose reduction or interruption of treatment such that maximum efficacy cannot be achieved. The most common adverse effects are hyperphosphatemia caused by FGFR1 inhibition and diarrhea due to FGFR4 inhibition, as current therapies are not selective among the FGFRs. Designing selective inhibitors has proved difficult with conventional approaches because the orthosteric sites of FGFR family members are observed to be highly similar in X-ray structures. In this study, aided by analysis of protein dynamics, we designed a selective, covalent FGFR2 inhibitor. In a key initial step, analysis of long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations of the FGFR1 and FGFR2 kinase domains allowed us to identify differential motion in their P-loops, which are located adjacent to the orthosteric site. Using this insight, we were able to design orthosteric binders that selectively and covalently engage the P-loop of FGFR2. Our drug discovery efforts culminated in the development of lirafugratinib (RLY-4008), a covalent inhibitor of FGFR2 that shows substantial selectivity over FGFR1 (~250-fold) and FGFR4 (~5,000-fold) in vitro, causes tumor regression in multiple
FGFR2
-altered human xenograft models, and was recently demonstrated to be efficacious in the clinic at doses that do not induce clinically significant hyperphosphatemia or diarrhea.
The intricate construction of projection in news reports
Authors: Arús-Hita Jorge
Published: February 2024

This paper looks at projection in the discourse of news reports in English and Spanish. The analysis reveals the
extent to which projection pervades these texts, not only at clause complex level – the traditional object of study of
projection – but also below the clause complex, at clause simple and at group level. The discussion of a number of examples from
English and Spanish news reports serves to answer the three research questions guiding this research, which concern (a) the
preferred types of projection in news reports, (b) the preferred realizations of the different types of projection in news
reports, and (c) the main cross-linguistic similarities and contrasts of projection in news reports. The answers to these issues
ultimately contribute to a broader understanding of the concept of projection.
What Happens Next? Resonance—Answer
Authors: Featonby David , Dovalova Kristina
Published: February 2024

I demonstrate in the answer some of the resonances that occur when the strings of the piano are free to vibrate.
Research on multi-image encryption method based on image scaling and ghost imaging
Authors: Qiu Guoqiao , Zhang Yiqiang , Zhang Leihong
Published: February 2024

Optical information processing technology itself is characterized by high speed and parallelism, while the wavelength of light is short and the loading information capacity is large. Therefore, optical encryption is of great significance in the field of image encryption. For multi-image encryption, a multi-image encryption system (ISK-MGI) based on image scaling and ghost imaging is proposed in this paper. In the encryption process, image scaling is used to embed the image information to be encrypted into the artifact image to achieve the first step of artifact encryption; then the ghost imaging encryption is used to encrypt any of the artifact images and the intensity sequence obtained from the barrel detector is used as the cipher text; the integration property of Fourier transform is used to obtain the modulation patterns of other artifact images as the key. The feasibility, security and robustness of the scheme are verified by experiments and simulations. The scheme not only solves the image information crosstalk problem of multi-image encryption, but also has high security. Each image in this method has a primary public key and a secondary private key, which solves the potential risk of sharing public keys and provides a new idea for optical information encryption.
THz transition radiation of electron bunches laser-accelerated in long-scale near-critical-density plasmas
Authors: Gorlova D A , Tsymbalov I N , Tsygvintsev I P , Savelev A B
Published: February 2024

Direct laser electron acceleration in near-critical density plasma produces collimated electron beams with high charge Q (up to µC). This regime could be of interest for high-energy THz radiation generation, as many of the mechanisms have a scaling

∝

Q
2

. In this work, we focus specifically on the challenges that arise during numerical investigations of transition radiation in such interactions. Detailed analytical calculations that include both the diffraction and decoherence effects of the characteristics of transition radiation in the THz range were conducted with the input parameters obtained from 3D particle-in-cell and hydrodynamic simulations. The calculated characteristics of THz radiation are in good agreement with the experimentally measured ones. Therefore, this approach can be used both to optimize the properties of THz radiation and to distinguish the transition radiation contribution if several mechanisms of THz radiation generation are considered.
Characteristics of the electromagnetic wave propagation in magnetized plasma sheath and practical method for blackout mitigation
Authors: Wu 吴 Xiang 翔 , Zhang 张 Jiahui 珈珲 , Dong 董 Guoxiang 果香 , Shi 石 Lei 磊
Published: February 2024

“Magnetic window” is considered as an effective method to solve the communication blackout issue. COMSOL software package based on the finite element method is utilized to simulate the propagation of right-handed circularly polarized wave in the magnetized plasma sheath. We assume a double Gaussian model of electron density and an exponential attenuation model of magnetic field. The propagation characteristics of right-handed circularly polarized wave are analyzed by the observation of the reflected, transmitted and loss coefficient. The numerical results show that the propagation of right-handed circularly polarized wave in the magnetized plasma sheath varies for different incident angles, collision frequencies, non-uniform magnetic fields and non-uniform plasma densities. We notice that reducing the wave frequency can meet the propagation conditions of whistle mode in the weak magnetized plasma sheath. And the transmittance of whistle mode is less affected by the variation of the electron density and the collision frequency. It can be used as a communication window.
Heat transport in a non-homothermal turbulent particle-laden flow in the collisional regime
Authors: Pour Hamid Reza Zandi , Iovieno Michele
Published: February 2024

In this investigation, we explore the impact of particle collisions on turbulent heat flux within a temporally developing thermal mixing layer arising from the interaction of two homothermal regions driven by a statistically homogeneous and isotropic velocity field. Employing two-way thermally coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Direct Numerical Simulations (DNSs) at a Taylor microscale Reynolds number up to 124, we examine the influence of particle collisions for a Stokes number from 0.2 to 3, maintaining a fixed thermal to kinetic relaxation times ratio of 4.43. Our study quantifies the reduction in average heat transport induced by particle-to-particle collisions, which disrupt the temperature-velocity correlation created by the initial temperature difference. Notably, while collisions diminish this correlation, our analysis reveals their overall impact remains minor, even at the highest simulated Stokes number. Additionally, we present statistics of the temperature difference among colliding particles across various flow conditions.
Topology optimization of a pseudo 3D microchannel heat sink: influence of the initial guess
Authors: Bianco N , Fragnito A , Iasiello M , Mauro GM
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, the optimization of microchannel heat sinks involves using algorithms, e.g., topology optimization (TO), to find the optimal layout of fluid channels to enhance certain objectives, e.g., heat transfer, pressure drop. The outcome is an unintuitive material distribution in the design space, subject to constraints such as manufacturability, fluid flow requirements, and thermal performance. This approach has been shown to provide significant benefits compared to traditional design methods, leading to increased cooling performance. However, depending on the application, defining an initial (i.e., starting) guess for the optimization problem is not trivial. Initial guess for TO, i.e., starting design for the optimization process, can play a crucial role in determining the final optimized design. Its choice may affect the convergence rate, the performance of the final solution, and the computational effort, as it can be set in a variety of ways, e.g., a random distribution, a preconceived design, or a combination of these two. In this study, we propose a heuristic approach for incorporating a genetic algorithm (GA) as outer algorithm into the TO routine in order to find the initial guess that ensures the lowest thermal resistance while limiting the pumping power. The aim is to correlate initial designs with final objectives and to define new useful insights on microchannel optimization, since TO has proved to be a promising area of research for the development of advanced thermal management systems.
CFD design of a novel device for temperature profile measurement in Waste-to-Energy plants
Authors: Grossi G. , Arpino F. , Canale C. , Cortellessa G. , Ficco G. , Lombardi T.
Published: February 2024

Monitoring the flue gas temperature is a crucial issue for Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants companies, since it is essential to preserve the materials in the post-combustion chamber, the energy efficiency of the plants as well as to control the emissions of pollutants. As of today, the temperature of flue gases in such plants is commonly monitored by means of thermocouples, infrared pyrometers or aspirated thermocouples. However, all these instruments show limitations in terms of accuracy and reliability inside post-combustion chambers. In this paper, the authors present the thermo-fluid dynamics design of a novel device aimed at mitigating the issues of existing technologies, realised by using the modern CFD techniques. Numerical analyses, performed with the open-source OpenFOAM code, allowed to find a suitable shape for the device and to give a first estimate of the measuring errors, which are of the order of 2% (∼26 K at the typical working temperature of WtE plants’ post-combustion chambers).
Numerical simulation of shear driven film instability over heterogeneous surfaces via enhanced lubrication theory
Authors: Suzzi Nicola , Croce Giulio
Published: February 2024

The prediction of the transition between continuous film, ensemble of rivulets and moving droplets is crucial in applications such as in-flight icing on airfoil wings or a number of chemical reactors. Here, lubrication theory is used to numerically investigate the stability of a continuous liquid film, driven by shear, over a heterogeneous surface. The disjoining pressure is used to model surface wettability, while the full implementation of the film curvature allows to investigate contact angles up to 60°. Different heterogeneous surface configurations occurring in real problems are investigated. An extended computational campaign records the transition from continuous film to rivulet regime and, if present, the further transition from rivulet to droplets at different flow conditions. A moving grid approach allows for accurate prediction of instability phenomena at low computational cost. The numerical results are successfully validated with experimental evidence in case of critical flow rate leading to a stable dry patch and compared with literature results involving the inherently multiscale in-flight icing phenomenon, providing useful statistical information, required to transfer the present detailed small-scale information into larger scale CFD computational approaches.