bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
M6a Regulator-Associated Methylation Modification Patterns Shape Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ning Bobin , Xue Yonggan , Liu Hongyi , Sun Hongyu , Jia Baoqing
Published: August 2021

Although substantial achievements in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have led to fundamental improvements both in the basic research and clinical management, the potential mechanisms and regulatory relationships between m6A regulators and the TME are still unknown. We first conducted unsupervised clustering on the samples according to the core m6A expression, and then compared the signaling pathways, differential genes (DEGs), and TME between the m6A phenotypes, and re-validated the relationship between m6A regulators and TME by single cell sequencing. Then, the geneCluster was obtained by another unsupervised clustering of the DEGs, and the clinical as well as TME traits were evaluated among the geneClusters. Finally, the m6A scores of individual patients were calculated by principal component analysis (PCA) to verify the correlation from multiple perspectives, including survivals, clinical characters, mutations, TME, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Through a comprehensive analysis of 729 samples, we classified HCC patients into three m6A clusters and three geneClusters. Each group exhibited remarkable variations in terms of signaling pathways, clinical traits, and survival expectations. Notably, the m6A phenotypes corresponded to three different types of TME, namely immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert, respectively. In addition, the m6A regulator can accurately reflect the individualized microenvironment in HCC, and present supreme expression levels in the stromal microenvironment. However, the m6A score system is able to make accurate predictions not only in terms of clinical traits, survival prediction, and TME mentioned above, but also in the sensitivity of HCC patients to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. This study revealed the uniqueness and pluripotency of m6A regulators in the TME of HCC by combining single-cell sequencing and bulk sequencing. The quantified m6A modification indices were able to accurately predict patient survival expectations, clinical traits, TME, and sensitivity to immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
Thorough statistical analyses of breast cancer co-methylation patterns
Authors: Sun Shuying , Dammann Jael , Lai Pierce , Tian Christine
Published: August 2021

Background
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers. It is associated with DNA methylation, an epigenetic event with a methyl group added to a cytosine paired with a guanine, i.e., a CG site. The methylation levels of different genes in a genome are correlated in certain ways that affect gene functions. This correlation pattern is known as co-methylation. It is still not clear how different genes co-methylate in the whole genome of breast cancer samples. Previous studies are conducted using relatively small datasets (Illumina 27K data). In this study, we analyze much larger datasets (Illumina 450K data).
Results
Our key findings are summarized below. First, normal samples have more highly correlated, or co-methylated, CG pairs than tumor samples. Both tumor and normal have more than 93% of positive co-methylation, but normal samples have significantly more negatively correlated CG sites than tumor samples (6.6% vs. 2.8%). Second, both tumor and normal samples have about 94% of co-methylated CG pairs on different chromosomes, but normal samples have 470 million more CG pairs. Highly co-methylated pairs on the same chromosome tend to be close to each other. Third, a small proportion of CG sites’ co-methylation patterns change dramatically from normal to tumor. The percentage of differentially methylated (DM) sites among them is larger than the overall DM rate. Fourth, certain CG sites are highly correlated with many CG sites; the top 100 of such super-connector CG sites in tumor and normal samples have no overlaps. Fifth, both highly changing sites and super-connector sites’ locations are significantly different from the genome-wide CG sites’ locations. Sixth, chromosome X co-methylation patterns are very different from other chromosomes. Finally, the network analyses of genes associated with several sets of co-methylated CG sites identified above show that tumor and normal samples have different patterns.
Conclusions
Our findings will provide researchers with a new understanding of co-methylation patterns in breast cancer. Our ability to thoroughly analyze co-methylation of large datasets will allow researchers to study relationships and associations between different genes in breast cancer.
Body Navigation-loaded Ultrasound Acquisition Technology: a Pilot Comparison With Conventional Ultrasound
Authors: Sim Ki Choon , Park Beom Jin , Kim Byunjun , Han Yeo Eun , Han Na Yeon , Kim Min Ju , Sung Deuk Jae , Park Sang Hyun , Lee Kwang-Sig , Cho Yongwon
Published: August 2021

Background: To investigate the usefulness of body navigation-loaded ultrasound including a real time transducer location and the inspection site compared with conventional ultrasound images.Methods: Under the approval of institutional review board, we prospectively enrolled total 29 healthy adult volunteers. One gastrointestinal radiologist performed abdominal ultrasound simultaneously using Ultrasound Navigation Image Convergence System developed by researchers. Subsequently, an equivalent conventional ultrasound image set was prepared. Three radiologists independently evaluated the two ultrasound image sets regarding the recognition of the target organ (2-points), the transducer location (2-points), and the transducer orientation (1-point). At intervals of two-weeks, conventional ultrasound images were analyzed first, and body navigation-loaded images were later analyzed. The score differences between the first and second evaluations were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Inter-rater agreement of three reviewers was obtained by the Fleiss’ Kappa test.Results: A total of 1402 navigation-loaded ultrasound images were obtained. Ultrasound operator carefully selected a total of 203 images for analysis. In all three reviewers, the interpretation score of each evaluation was significantly increased in the second analysis using the body navigation-loaded ultrasound image (in reviewer A, from 4.07±1.56 to 4.79±0.69 points; in reviewer B, from 3.83±1.59 to 4.49±0.88 points; in reviewer C, from 3.43±1.60 to 4.19±1.01 points; P<.0001). The inter-rater agreement of each evaluation also increased significantly in the second analysis using the body navigation-loaded ultrasound image (P<.0001).Conclusion: The body navigation-loaded ultrasound imaging system allows other medical staffs to easily and accurately interpret ultrasound images.
Compressed Sensing Technology for Spectral Reconstruction Based on Maximum Entropy Criterion
Authors: Zhao Shoubo , Yang Mengyu , Wang Yang , Fan Jianying
Published: August 2021

In order to choose the related sampling ratio in the information-poor and information-rich spectral fragments, this paper attempts to recover the spectral reflectance by compressed sensing technology based on maximum entropy criterion. The maximum entropy threshold method is the criterion that the optimal threshold is determined to segment the information content of spectral curves. The spectral reflectance in each sub-spectral fragment is reconstructed by compressed sensing. The wavelet orthogonal matrix performs a sparse representation of each segmented spectral curve. Undersampling spectral curve be collected by random gaussian measurement matrix. The orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm recovers sparse original signals from undersampling observed signals. In this paper, the four standard color blocks of Munsell and the spectral curves of five types of ground objects in the hyperspectral data set are used as the exper-imental objects. The reconstructed results are evaluated by spectral curve reconstruction, root mean square error and information entropy difference. The experimental results show that our approach improves the reconstruction accuracy of spectral reflectance effectively, compared with the traditional method.
Exploratory Laparotomy, Intestinal Resection In Children: Intraoperative Goal Directed Therapy, Intraoperative And Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Kumba Claudine
Published: August 2021

Background
Reported independent predictors of intraoperative and postoperative complications were Age, American Society of Anesthesiologists Score (ASA), emergency situations, surgery and transfusion. ASA was the independent predictor of mortality. We conducted a secondary analysis of the initial retrospective study in patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy and intestinal resection.
Objectives
To describe intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy and intestinal resection in the initial study and to implement improvement protocols for intraoperative and postoperative optimization.
Methods
Secondary analysis of the initial study. The Ethics Committee approved the study.
Results
There were 54 patients with a median age of 15.5[0–172] months. Thirty-seven (68.5%) patients had an intestinal resection, nine (16.7%) had an exploratory laparotomy and eight (16.8%) patients had a laparotomy for volvulus.
Increase of landslide activity after a low magnitude earthquake inferred by DInSAR interferometry
Authors: Martino S. , Fiorucci M. , Marmoni G. M. , Casaburi L. , Antonielli B. , Mazzanti P.
Published: August 2021

On August 16th, 2018, an Mw 5.1 earthquake struck the Molise region (central Italy), inducing 84 earthquake-triggered landslides that involved soil covers of clayey materials and flysch on gently-dip slopes predominantly. To quantify the spatio-temporal landslide activity in the months immediately after the earthquake, a Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) analysis was carried out in a time span comprising two years before the earthquake and one followed, recognising both first-time and reactivated landslides. The results showed a clear increase in landslide activity following the low magnitude earthquake occurrence with respect to the one recorded in the same months of the previous years. Several coherent landslides (earth slides and earth flows) were observed following the seasonally recurrent rainfall events. Such an increase was observed for both reactivations and first-time landslides, showing a decrease of inactivity period as well as activity over wider periods. Furthermore, spatial density distribution of the landslides was investigated in the post-seismic time along transepts perpendicular and parallel to the direction of the tectonic element responsible for the seismic event, respectively. An asymmetrical distribution was deduced parallel to the fault strike with the higher number of landslides located inside the compressional sector according to a strike-slip faulting mechanism.
First passage percolation in the mean field limit
Authors:   , Schertzer Adrien
Published: August 2021

This dissertation deals with two classical problems in statistical mechanics: the first passage percolation on Euclidean spaces, FPP for short, in both directed and undirected settings.
Multi-centered black holes, scaling solutions and pure-Higgs indices from localization
Authors: BEAUJARD Guillaume , Mondal Swapnamay , Pioline Boris
Published: August 2021

The Coulomb Branch Formula conjecturally expresses the refined Witten index for N=4 Quiver Quantum Mechanics as a sum over multi-centered collinear black hole solutions, weighted by
so-called `single-centered' or `pure-Higgs' indices, and suitably modified when the quiver has oriented cycles. On the other hand, localization expresses the same index as an integral over the
complexified Cartan torus and auxiliary fields, which by Stokes' theorem leads to the famous Jeffrey-Kirwan residue formula. Here, by evaluating the same integral using steepest descent methods, we show the index is in fact given by a sum over deformed multi-centered collinear solutions, which encompasses both regular and scaling collinear solutions. As a result, we confirm the Coulomb Branch Formula for Abelian quivers in the presence of oriented cycles, and identify the origin of the pure-Higgs and minimal modification terms as coming from collinear scaling solutions. For cyclic Abelian quivers, we observe that part of the scaling contributions reproduce the stacky invariants for trivial stability, a mathematically well-defined notion whose physics significance had remained obscure.
Generalized Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem on bosonic symmetry protected topological phases
Authors: Jiang Shenghan , Cheng Meng , Qi Yang , Lu Yuan-Ming
Published: August 2021

We propose and prove a family of generalized Lieb-Schultz-Mattis~(LSM) theorems for symmetry protected topological~(SPT) phases on boson/spin models in any dimensions.
The ``conventional'' LSM theorem, applicable to e.g. any translation invariant system with an odd number of spin-1/2 particles per unit cell, forbids a symmetric short-range-entangled ground state in such a system.
Here we focus on systems with no LSM anomaly, where global/crystalline symmetries and fractional spins within the unit cell ensure that any symmetric SRE ground state must be a non-trivial SPT phase with anomalous boundary excitations.
Depending on models, they can be either strong or ``higher-order'' crystalline SPT phases, characterized by non-trivial surface/hinge/corner states.
Furthermore, given the symmetry group and the spatial assignment of fractional spins, we are able to determine all possible SPT phases for a symmetric ground state, using the real space construction for SPT phases based on the spectral sequence of cohomology theory.
We provide examples in one, two and three spatial dimensions, and discuss possible physical realization of these SPT phases based on condensation of topological excitations in fractionalized phases.
Influence of the Registration Process and Requirements on Cooperative Performance in Zambia
Authors: Dewin Sikalumbi Arona
Published: August 2021

Having the registration process and requirements that are easy and affordable is one thing, and having the entire process that supports cooperative performance is yet another. This study intended to establish the influence of the registration process and requirements on the performance of the cooperative societies. The study adopted a descriptive research design using a mix method paradigm.12.6% of the total cooperatives in the Central province of Zambia were sampled from 16% of the total districts in the province. A total of 210 respondents were arrived at through purposive and systematic random sampling techniques. The desk review, semi-structured questionnaires with a reliability test of Cronbach's Alpha of 0.890, and interview schedules were the instruments used to collect data. The data were analyzed qualitatively using themes and quantitatively using descriptive statistics using SPSS Version 22. The study reveals that cooperative registration requirements are affordable, and the process is easy but hardly supports the cooperative growth and performance. The study, therefore, recommends the revision of the registration process being used so as to enhance cooperative performance and eventually bring about social and economic development in rural Zambia. Keywords: Cooperative registration, Cooperative requirements, Social and economic development, Performance.
Cо-perpetrators of torture: national and convention definition framework
Authors: Tavolzhanska Yuliia Serhiivna , Kopyova Iryna Anatoliivna
Published: August 2021

The article is prepared in continuation of development of author's dissertation researches. The paper reveals the peculiarities of objective and subjective features of cо-perpetration in torture (both on the basis of the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, and taking into account the provisions of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. When interpreting national criminal law norms in the light of convention provisions, the requirements of two-frame criminal law research are met. The authors' positions are supported by message from human rights organizations, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, and theoretical modeling. The article contains the following conclusions. A co-perpetrator of torture may commit this criminal offense by his or her own actions or omissions, use another person as a “means” of committing a criminal offense, or delegate the commission of a criminal offense to another person. A co-perpetrator of torture may join in committing torture at any stage of the commission of this criminal offense. If, under the circumstances of complicity in torture, a public official or other person acting in an official capacity direct torture, he or she is the perpetrator (co-perpetrator) of the offense. If, in complicity in torture, a public official or other person acting in an official capacity creates the conditions for committing the offense, he or she should be recognized as the organizer, instigator or accomplice of the torture (depending on the role he or she has played). If, in complicity in torture, a public official or other person acting in an official capacity doesn't interfere of torture, he or she is the accomplice to torture. Not preventing torture should not be confused with the mental violence that can be used to torture. Article 1 of the 1984 Convention also covers cases of involvement in the torture of public official or other person acting in an official capacity.
The Right to Property and Property Rights as Objects of Possession, which is Committed by the Abuse of an Official by his Official Position (Part 2 of Article 191 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine)
Authors: Berzin Pavlo Serhiiovych , Volynets Ruslan Anatoliiovych , Khomenko Mykhailo Mykhailovych
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the criminal and civil understanding of the concepts of "foreign property", "right to property" and "property law". Different meanings of these concepts are considered. Differences in criminal and civil law understanding of these concepts and their relationship are established.
It is substantiated that the subject of possession provided for in p. 2 art. 191 of the Criminal Code is only someone else's property, not the right to property and property rights.
It is substantiated that the concept of "property" in the relevant compositions of criminal offenses against property performs other functions than the concept of "property" in civil law, and that the criminal law understanding of property and civil law definition of property in p. 1 of art. 190 of the Civil Code are unequal (different).
On this basis and taking into account the legal positions of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Ukraine, the conclusion is formulated that the subject of possession in the relevant composition of criminal offenses against property can be only someone else's property, not the right to it or not a property actions.
The concepts of “property right” and “right to property” are not identical, and the concepts of “property right”, the term "right to property" constitute real rights on the property, but no other rights that are not property.
In view of this, the possession by an official by abusing his official position the right to property or, in other words, the possession by an official by abusing of the right to property cannot be qualified under the relevant part of art. 191 of the Criminal Code.
In addition, the article analyzes the definition of "right to property", which affect the recognition of the right to property as a kind of "subject" of the so-called "selfish abuses" under art. 364, 364-1 of the Criminal Code.
It is emphasized that when an official possession the right to property committed by abusing his official position, he cannot qualify under the relevant part of art. 191 of the Criminal Code, as there is no such mandatory feature of p. 2 of art. 191 of the Criminal Code of abuse as someone else's property that is the subject of abuse.
Means of ensuring the understandability of criminal legal norms under the authentic national legislation of the X-XVIII centuries
Authors: Musychenko Olha Mykhailivna
Published: August 2021

In the article the normative acts that contained criminal law norms and operated on the territory of modern Ukraine were analyzed, which made it possible to trace the development of legal techniques and identify the directions used by the compilers for a clear statement of criminal law norms. It is established that at the first stages of formation of legal technique commitment for intelligibility was reflected only in the proximity of the language of acts (primarily vocabulary) to the living vernacular. It was gradually realized that not only the improvement of terminology, but also the specifics of syntax, standardization of individual articles of criminal law, clear structure and sequence of material both within articles and in general are necessary for intelligibility of the criminal law.

An analysis of the texts of Russkaya Pravda (various editions), three Lithuanian Statutes, "Rights under which the Little Russian people are tried" showed that during the existence and validity of these acts there was a process of forming an authentic national tradition of lawmaking, legal technique of criminal law was improving. These acts, compared to the then European ones which were difficult to perceive and understand, were easily applied and generally understandable to a wide range of subjects of criminal law. For this purpose, linguistic and stylistic means were used and subsequently improved: in the conditions of diglossia the language of normative acts was brought closer to the vernacular with the obligatory use of clear, according to their origin, legal tokens; an attempt to describe accurately the action through a casuistic statement and at the same time an awareness of the need for an abstract statement (so far only by supplementing the lists with generalizing words); uniformity of construction of criminal law prohibitions; more logical systematization of normative material, structuring both acts as a whole and certain criminal law provisions. At the same time the desire for accuracy and clarity gradually leveled such a requirement as conciseness.
Perspective on Criminalization of Smuggling of Goods
Authors: Grodetsky Yurii Vasylovych
Published: August 2021

The article examines the perspective on criminalization of smuggling of goods arising in connection with the Draft Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine on criminalization of smuggling of goods and excisable goods and inaccurate declaration of goods» (№ 5420). The Draft Law provides for the following criminal offenses: smuggling (Article 201); transporting across the customs border of Ukraine out of customs control or with concealment from customs control of timber or lumber of valuable and rare species of trees, unprocessed timber, as well as other timber prohibited for export out of the customs territory of Ukraine (Article 201-1); smuggling of goods (Articles 201-2); smuggling of excisable goods (Articles 201-3); smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors or falsified medicines (Article 305). They form a homogeneous group of actions, between which there must be systemic connections. It follows that the reasons for formulating the peculiar title of Article 201-1 are missing. The title of this article should be formulated as follows: «Smuggling of timber or lumber of valuable and rare species of trees, unprocessed timber, as well as other timber prohibited for export out of the customs territory of Ukraine». It was found that Article 201-2 of the Draft Law provides for the general description of a criminal offense, and the description of criminal offenses specified in Articles 201, 201-1, 201-3 and 305 of the Draft Law are peculiar. In this regard, it seems appropriate to swap the Criminal Law provisions of Articles 201 and 201-2 of the Draft Law.
In Section 4 of Article 201-4 of the Draft Law, the phrase «assistance in any form by a customs official to commit such acts with the use of power or official position» is not a qualifying feature, but an independent structure. If there is a need to criminalize this act, it may be provided for in a separate article or should be specified in a separate section of Article 201-4 of the Draft Law as an independent act.
It is established that on the one hand, the criminalization of smuggling of goods is an urgent need in Ukraine, on the other side the present Draft Law of Ukraine cannot effectively address this issue, as it requires additional elaboration.
In memory of Tatiana Andreevna Denisova
Authors: Editorial Board Editorial Board
Published: August 2021

On January 7, 2021, the heart of a prominent scientist and talented teacher, doctor of law, professor, member of the Presidium of the NGO "All-Ukrainian Association of Criminal Law" Tatiana Andreevna Denisova stopped beating. The Presidium of the All-Ukrainian Association of Criminal Law expresses its deepest condolences to her husband, Denisov Serhiy Fedorovych, relatives, friends and colleagues.
Traffic signal light detection and recognition based on canny operator
Authors: Yuming Liu , Shuqing Guo
Published: August 2021

In this paper, five classical edge detection operators are compared, and then a traffic signal light detection and recognition scheme that can be used for intelligent connected vehicles is implemented. Firstly, the image to be processed is obtained by detecting the traffic signal light through the vision sensor. The image is preprocessed: the color space of the image is converted from RGB space to HSV space. Through the grayscale, histogram equalization, image binarization processing, using the morphological closure operation, the five operators are compared in noise sensitivity, positioning accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio, the Canny edge detection operator is selected for image edge detection, and the target recognition area is obtained. Finally, using the histogram drawn, the number of red, green and yellow pixel points in the histogram can be clearly counted, and the color with the largest number of pixel points can be identified as the color of the identified traffic signal light, and the identification of the traffic signal light can be completed. The actual pictures are simulated on the MATLAB, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed method of traffic signal light recognition method based on Canny operator in this paper, which can correctly identify the color of the traffic signal light.
Porous g-C3N4 with defects for the efficient dye photodegradation under visible light
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Yage , Wu Baofan , Ning Zhichao , Song Miaoyan , Zhang Haifeng , Sun Xuzhuo , Wan Dongjin , Li Bo
Published: August 2021

Porous graphitic carbon nitride (p-C3N4) was fabricated via simple pyrolyzing treatment of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The defects could be introduced into the structure of g-C3N4 by breakage of some bonds, which was beneficial for the generation of electron–hole pairs and inhibiting their recombination. Compared with g-C3N4, p-C3N4 showed a narrow band gap to promote the utilization of visible light. Furthermore, the porous structure also increased the specific surface area to maximize the exposure of active sites and promote mass transfer during photodegradation. As a result, the as-reported p-C3N4 exhibited considerably higher degradation efficiency for Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methyl Orange (MO) than that of the original g-C3N4. Moreover, the photocatalyst showed high durability and stability in recycling experiments.
Fiction text in the classroom in Russian as a foreign language (advanced stage of study)
Authors: Kamshuk Sofia Sergeevna
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the method of working with a literary text in a foreign language audience on the example of the story of L.S. Petrushevskaya "Mania of the Rose". A presentation of unknown vocabulary with the use of various types of commenting, a system of tasks and exercises when working with this text in the lesson of Russian as a foreign language (RFL) for students with a B1 level is presented. The article is addressed to teachers of RFL and foreign students.
Estabilidades de cristal: claves y categorías para caracterizar el trabajo de limpieza no doméstica en Argentina
Authors: Capogrossi María Lorena
Published: August 2021

Tomando como caso de estudio a las mujeres que trabajan en empresas de limpieza no doméstica en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, en este artículo definimos algunas categorías teóricas que, por un lado, recuperan las significaciones, sentidos y valoraciones que las operarias dan a sus ocupaciones y, por el otro, contemplan los rasgos principales de este tipo de empleo. Para ello adoptamos una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa, de carácter etnográfico, basada en observaciones de campo, registros y notas y diez entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas a distintas mujeres empleadas en diferentes empresas del sector. Luego de identificar las tensiones que aparecen entre los sentidos que estas operarias dan a su trabajo y los rasgos precarizantes que las investigadoras observamos dentro de este nicho laboral, proponemos la categoría estabilidades de cristal como recurso teórico que contempla las diferentes dimensiones que reviste este universo laboral. Ese concepto permite, por un lado, incorporar aquellos rasgos que este tipo de ocupaciones presenta, a saber, formalidad contractual pero acompañada de salarios depreciados, horas extraordinarias no pagas, imposibilidad de planificar las vacaciones, limitaciones en el uso de las licencias, penalizaciones, control y maltratos.  Por el otro, también posibilita entender por qué estos empleos son opciones preferibles con relación a las trayectorias previas de las mujeres. Lo que se valora del trabajo de limpieza no doméstica es la estabilidad contractual y salarial en comparación con sus empleos anteriores.
Representaciones morales y grados de participación en el conflicto de 2007 en la industria pesquera de Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Schulze María Soledad
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las representaciones sobre la conflictividad laboral durante el año 2007 en un grupo de trabajadores de la industria de procesamiento de pescado de la ciudad puerto de Mar del Plata (Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina). La atracción se dirige a este grupo de trabajadores/as que histórica y generacionalmente ha sufrido los efectos devastadores de la precariedad y la flexibilización laboral en la rama del filet. Específicamente, pretendemos explorar el grado de participación de nuestros entrevistados en un conflicto particular acontecido en el año 2007 en la industria pesquera de Mar del Plata. Consideramos sustantivo indagar dichas representaciones con relación a las trayectorias laborales, las condiciones laborales involucradas en dichas trayectorias y las relaciones de producción. Para lograr los objetivos planteados se utilizaron principalmente fuentes primarias, construidas a partir de una entrevista semiestructurada aplicada en terreno a 161 trabajadores y trabajadoras.
La gestión del patrimonio: entre la horizontalidad y la verticalidad. Un caso de estudio en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Conforti María Eugenia , Mariano Mercedes , Baier Micaela
Published: August 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los diferentes mecanismos de gestión empleados en los actuales procesos de activación patrimonial en la localidad de Benito Juárez, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Para la selección de instituciones estatales y no estatales, optamos por utilizar una metodología cualitativa y, de la misma forma, buscamos grupos comunitarios colectivos que realicen la gestión del patrimonio. Se realizó un abordaje etnográfico, basado en la observación participante y entrevistas en profundidad. Esto nos permitió construir un mapa de sentidos, que se teje dentro de la comunidad a través de procesos participativos de activación del patrimonio. Como resultado, observamos dos formas diferentes pero complementarias de concebir la participación ciudadana en el marco de la gestión del patrimonio cultural local. Pudimos identificar similitudes y diferencias entre los valores construidos en torno al patrimonio mismo, así como un énfasis reiterado en la importancia de vincular el patrimonio local, la identidad y los bienes materiales desde la fundación del pueblo. No obstante, se destaca en los grupos comunitarios una tendencia hacia nuevas lógicas en la construcción de significados patrimoniales, diferentes a las propuestas por las organizaciones formales.
Una mirada a la antropología laboral desde la economía
Authors: Guzmán Coronado Camilo
Published: August 2021

En Imprentas en la era neoliberal, Daniel Velandia Díaz profundiza en la dinámica de una actividad económica desde una perspectiva local y de forma particular. Este libro coloca como foco de análisis la industria de las artes gráficas en Bogotá y su proceso de transformación a finales del siglo xx y comienzos del siglo xxi. El autor muestra como la nueva estructura impuesta desencadenó nuevas relaciones laborales, demanda de capacidades, conocimientos y tecnología; estas relaciones marcaron esta actividad, así mismo evidenciaron algunas “fallas” de mercado, tales como la ausencia de regulación y competencia desleal, entre otros. Por otra parte, el autor analiza, a partir de la experiencia directa de los involucrados en diferentes roles del sector, las dinámicas jerárquicas en el que hacer laboral, los roles de género, el “aprender haciendo”, entre otras dimensiones que describen a esta industria desde el pasado siglo.
Mundo del trabajo: subjetividades, saberes y culturas en el siglo XXI
Authors: Velandia-Díaz Daniel
Published: August 2021

¿Cuáles son los intereses y perspectivas de algunos enfoques antropológicos contemporáneos, alrededor del mundo del trabajo en el siglo xxi? Esta inquietud está en el centro de este número de la revista, aunque también forma parte de las preocupaciones intelectuales de un grupo mayor de investigadoras e investigadores. Recientemente se publicó un trabajo enorme dedicado a investigaciones en antropología del trabajo; el “Tratado latinoamericano de antropología del trabajo” muestra un horizonte amplio en el cual gravitan no solo distintos enfoques de investigación, sino también, intereses por reconocer diversos colectivos sociales que se dedican al trabajo (Ruiz Arrieta et al, 2020). En palabras de Antunes, nos interesa “la clase que vive del trabajo” (2000).
Promising Enzymes for Inhibitors Development Against COVID-19
Authors: Sun Zhi-Gang , Yu Feng-Ling , Qiu Xiang-Ting , Li Shuang , Li Xue-Tang , Zhu Hai-Liang
Published: August 2021

:

After the emergence of COVID-19 in 2019, it has now become a pandemic. COVID-19 has
brought painful disasters to people all over the world. It not only threatens lives and health but also
induces economic crises. At present, promising methods to eradicate COVID-19 mainly include drugs
and vaccines. Enzyme inhibitors have always been a reliable strategy for the treatment of related diseases.
Scientists worldwide have worked together to study COVID-19, obtained the structure of key
SARS-CoV-2 associated enzymes, and reported the research of inhibitors of these enzymes. This article
summarizes COVID-19-related enzyme inhibitors' recent development, mainly including 3CLpro,
PLpro, TMPRSS2, and RdRp inhibitors, hoping to provide valuable weapons in the ensuing battle
against COVID-19.
Recent Developments on the Use of Nanomaterials for the Treatment of
Epilepsy
Authors: Pedrero Sara G. , Staedler Davide , Gerber-Lemaire Sandrine
Published: August 2021

Epilepsy affects more than 40 million people worldwide, constituting one of the most debilitating
disorders of the Central Nervous System (CNS). It results from an imbalance in the electrical
activity of neurons, which is primarily mediated by calcium ions. In many cases, treatment with Antiepileptic
Drugs (AEDs) that regulate calcium channel activity results in successful seizure control.
However, AEDs frequently cause adverse effects that range in severity from minimal impairment of
the CNS to death from aplastic anemia or hepatic failure. Moreover, 30% of epileptic patients show
drug-resistant epilepsy and do not respond to any form of medical treatment.
In this context, nanotechnology has emerged as an excellent tool to overcome AEDs limitations. Numerous
nano-strategies have been proposed as therapeutics and diagnostics for epilepsy through inhibition
of different calcium channel types in the brain. In addition, limited brain access of classical
AEDs in patients showing refractory epilepsy could be improved through the design of targeted drug
delivery nanosystems.
This report presents a review of the nanocarriers developed so far that could facilitate the interaction
with calcium channels in the brain and the transport of AEDs through the blood-brain-barrier, mapping
out a potential future direction in the research of epilepsy treatment.
Abuse-Deterrent Formulations in Constraining the Abuse Potential of Prescription
Medicines: A Myth or Truth
Authors: Phaugat Parmita , Nishal Suchitra , Dhiman Rakhi
Published: August 2021

Background:

Diverse pain killers used for the management of varied categories of pain
are being misused in order to have extreme pleasant effects by a large number of populations. To
overcome the misuse of prescription drugs, regulatory bodies have given stress on the development
of abuse resistance.

Methods:

We studied numerous literatures: (1) Research and review papers including the guidelines
for pain management, abuse, and abuse deterrence; (2) Description and categorization of pain
along with the management approaches; (3) Advantages and disadvantages of the abuse-deterrent
formulations.

Results:

Abuse-deterrent formulations are the contemporary remedial treatment for pain with reduced
prospects of being abused. But these comprise huge expense in contrast to the generic drugs
as well as the non-deterrent branded equivalents

Conclusion:

Many challenges are faced throughout the development of abuse-deterrent formulations.
These formulations displayed a substantial drop in abuse incidences but it may lead to other
modes of abuse, which may prove more harmful for the users.
Enhancement of the Solubility of Asenapine Maleate Through the Preparation
of Co-Crystals
Authors: Al-Nimry Suhair S. , Khanfar Mai S.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Asenapine maleate, an anti-schizophrenic drug, is a class II drug with low
solubility and high permeability. This exerts a rate-limiting effect on drug bioavailability.

Objective:

To improve the solubility/dissolution rate of asenapine maleate and hence the bioavailability
using the co-crystal approach.

Method:

Co-crystals were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. Since the drug has Hbond
acceptor count of 6, and H-bond donor count of 2, several co-formers (nicotinamide, urea,
succinic, benzoic, and citric acid) were investigated in different ratios. The optimized co-crystals
(drug-nicotinamide in a ratio of 1:3) were evaluated using PXRD, DSC, FTIR spectroscopy, and
SEM. Additionally, in vitro dissolution and stability studies were conducted.

Results:

Preparation of the co-crystals was successful except when citric and benzoic acids were
used. PXRD patterns showed that the co-crystals were crystalline. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed
the formation of H-bond between the drug and the co-former. DSC indicated a lower melting point
than that of the components followed immediately by an exothermic peak, which confirmed the formation
of co-crystals. SEM showed the formation of crystals with different size and habit. The dissolution
of the drug from all the prepared co-crystals was almost similar and much enhanced compared
to that of the unprocessed drug. The initial dissolution of the drug from the optimized batch
was much faster than that from the other co-crystals and the physical mixture with the same ratio.
The optimized batch exhibited long term stability.

Conclusion:

Co-crystals with improved solubility/dissolution rate of asenapine maleate were prepared
successfully and were expected to enhance the bioavailability of the drug.
Facile Synthesis of Substituted Trifluoromethyl Piperidines with Diversifying Functionalization
Authors: Jatoi Wahid Bux , Balouch Ashique Hussain , Khaskheli Mazhar Iqbal , Shahani Nafeesa Khatoon , Shaikh Qurat-Ul-Ain , Katohar Nisar Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Piperidine-based alkaloids are undoubtedly an important class of biologically active
natural products. When a unique group, like trifluoromethyl (Tfm), is added to an active compound,
it significantly ameliorates its bioactivity, bioavailability, physical, and chemical properties.
Many fluorination and trifluoromethylation methods have been reported. In the present paper,
we have shown that among all other trifluoromethylation pathways, the Mannich reaction has
the great tendency to introduce the Tfm group in a saturated or aromatic heterocyclic compound.
Applications of this reaction are elaborated in preparing several derivatives of piperidine-based
alkaloids with trifluoromethyl at α-position. Furthermore, the substitution at C-4 and C-6 was
successfully achieved with a variety of saturated and aromatic groups.
High-Risk Neuroblastoma: Poor Outcomes Despite Aggressive Multimodal
Therapy
Authors: Abbas Adil Abdelhamed , Samkari Alaa Mohammed Noor
Published: August 2021

:

Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a highly malignant embryonal tumor that originates from the
primordial neural crest cells. NBL is the most common tumor in infants and the most common extracranial
solid tumor in children. The tumor is more commonly diagnosed in children of 1-4 years
of age. NBL is characterized by enigmatic clinical behavior that ranges from spontaneous regression
to an aggressive clinical course leading to frequent relapses and death. Based on the likelihood
of progression and relapse, the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group classification system categorized
NBL into very low risk, low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk (HR) groups. HR NBL is
defined based on the patient's age (> 18 months), disease metastasis, tumor histology, and MYCN
gene amplification. HR NBL is diagnosed in nearly 40% of patients, mainly those > 18 months of
age, and is associated with aggressive clinical behavior. Treatment strategies involve the use of intensive
chemotherapy (CTR), surgical resection, high dose CTR with hematopoietic stem cell support,
radiotherapy, biotherapy, and immunotherapy with Anti-ganglioside 2 monoclonal antibodies.
Although HR NBL is now better characterized and aggressive multimodal therapy is applied, the
outcomes of treatment are still poor, with overall survival and event-free survival of approximately
40% and 30% at 3-years, respectively. The short and long-term side effects of therapy are tremendous.
HR NBL carries a high mortality rate accounting for nearly 15% of pediatric cancer deaths.
However, most mortalities are attributed to the high frequency of disease relapse (50%) and disease
reactiveness to therapy (20%). Newer treatment strategies are therefore urgently needed. Recent
discoveries in the field of biology and molecular genetics of NBL have led to the identification
of several targets that can improve the treatment results. In this review, we discuss the different
aspects of the epidemiology, biology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment of HR
NBL, in addition to the recent developments in the management of the disease.
Withdrawal Notice: Application of Precision and Personalized Medicine for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Dewangan Hitesh Kumar , Sharma Bhavna , Singh Shubham
Published: August 2021

The article has been withdrawn from the journal Current Cancer Therapy Reviews due to language inconsistencies and incoherent text.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

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Occurrence and Severity of Adverse Reactions of Immune Checkpoint
Inhibitors (PD-1 and PD L1) Based on Mordovian Dispensary Data
Analysis
Authors: Marzoog Basheer
Published: August 2021

Background:

Recently, a novel therapeutic technique has been revealed to recruit PDL1
and PD1 inhibitors to promote and enhance the cytotoxic T cell activity in combating the tumor.
But unfortunately, several followed patients who didn’t tolerate the drug appeared unfavorable
autoimmune side effects, such as anemia, pneumonitis, hepatitis, colitis, in addition to fatigue/
asthenia, decreased appetite, nausea, cough, dyspnea, constipation.

Aim:

To assess the severity of the adverse reactions of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in treating patients
with positive PD-1 or PD-L1; non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLCs), small cell lung
cancer (SCLC), nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma, classic Hodgkin's lymphoma, gastric cancer,
renal cell carcinoma, caecal carcinoma, buccal mucosa carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma,
laryngopharynx cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, and melanoma.

Materials and Methods:

The study data was collected and analyzed randomly from the period of
January 2019 to November 2020 from the Mordovian oncological dispensary. The data are collected
from the electronic archive of the hospital. Then, we followed up with the patients for the same
period, and we recorded the presented adverse reactions. The patients received anti-tumor drug;
PD-L1/PD-L inhibitors (Atezolizumab; 1200mg, Pembrolizumab; 200mg, and Nivolumab; 240mg
or 3 mg/kg) every 21 or 14 days they got IV infusion of PD-1 and/or PD-L1 inhibitors. After the
progression and metastasis of the tumor, the patients received a combination of chemotherapy prior
to the immunotherapy.

Results:

The analyzed data have shown 7.14% of the studied patients (n=28) have developed adverse
reactions that ranged from mild to moderate severity (anemia and biochemical tests deviation).

Conclusion:

These clinical findings supported the moderate risk of developing life-threatening adverse
reactions after administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab,
Atezolizumab) to patients with advanced-stage tumors. The patients who were treated with PD-1 inhibitors
developed less severe adverse reactions than patients who were treated with PD-L1 inhibitors.
The adverse reaction severity depends on the period of administration and the type of the treated
tumor, which consequently determines the dose of immunotherapy. Also, the aggressiveness of
the autoimmune reactions depends on the patient's immune state and its reactivity.