bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elements of the Crime of Refraining from Assisting a Person in Danger according to Omani Penal Law: A Comparative Analytical Study
Authors: Mohamad Alomar Ahmad
Published: November 2020

تناول هذا البحث موضوع أركان جريمة الامتناع عن مساعدة شخص في حالة خطر في قانون الجزاء العماني: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة. وتجسدت أهداف البحث في دراسة هذه الجريمة، وبيان شروطها الخاصة، حيث تم تناولها وفق أحكام قانون الجزاء العماني، ثم مقارنتها بمثيلاتها في كل من قانون العقوبات الفرنسي، وقانون العقوبات الجزائري، وبعد ذلك بين موقف القضاء إزاءها، ومدى كفايتها في معالجة المسائل التي تثيرها هذه الجريمة في التطبيق العملي. وقد انتهى البحث إلى أن القوانين محل المقارنة تتفق على أن قيام هذه الجريمة يستلزم ركنًا ماديًا يتخذ صورة الامتناع عن المساعدة مع استطاعة تقديمها، ووجود شخص في خطر حقيقي، وحال، ويفترض هذا الركن أيضًا أن تقديم المساعدة لا يشكل خطرًا على القائم به. كما تتفق كذلك في استلزام ركن معنوي وهو العمد، بكون الامتناع إراديًا، وذلك باتجاه نية الشخص الممتنع إلى عدم تقديم المساعدة، مع علمه بالخطر الذي يحدق بالشخص المستغيث. ولا يشترط في الركن المعنوي سوء نية لدى الممتنع، أو قصد إلحاق الأذى بالشخص المهدد بالخطر. كما انتهى البحث إلى أن قانون الجزاء العماني يوسع من نطاق الخطر الذي يهدد المحتاج للمساعدة ليشمل نفسه وعرضه وماله، على خلاف القانونين الفرنسي والجزائري اللذين قصراه على الخطر الذي يهدد النفس فقط. وبالمقابل يشترط القانونان الفرنسي والجزائري ألا يكون من شأن تقديم المساعدة خطر، سواء على القائم بها أم على غيره، في حين قصر القانون العماني ذلك على القائم بها فقط.
Frequency of Mamelons in Relation to Age, Gender and Occlusion among the Saudi Population
Authors: Alalowi Munther , Al-Jhany Nouf
Published: November 2020

This observational study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the presence of mamelons while simultaneously correlating the age, gender, and bite relationship of the subjects.

Total sample size included 518 patients, both males and females. Study participants were selected by systematic random sampling using the randomizer.org website. Clinical examination as well as the presence of mamelons on each jaw and the relationship of anterior teeth such as open bite, functional contact, or not were screened by trained personnel performed by using a mouth mirror, latex gloves, a dental probe, and a dental chair light.

256 (49.4%) males and 262 (50.5%) females participated in this study. It was observed that the presence of mamelons was more frequent among females (84.7%) rather than males (79.3%). During the first decade of life, the percentage of mamelons is higher, irrespective of gender. However, the frequency and percentage of mamelons start to decrease with age. Mamelons are more prevalent in an open bite occlusion (90.0%) followed by a non-functional occlusion, i.e., 81.7% (edge to edge relation) and then a functional occlusion, i.e., 75.5%.

Persistence of mamelons in either gender is higher up to the age of 25 years, afterward mamelons dramatically reduce. Additionally, mamelons appear more in maxillary incisors than mandible incisors.
Sociocultural Adaptation and Program Management Strategies for International Doctoral Students of the “Confucius China Studies Program”
Authors: Fan Yang
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to understand the sociocultural adaptation status for international doctoral students of the “Confucius China Studies Program” (CCSP), as well as obtain suggestions from those students to the management of the program. This qualitative study applied an instrumental case study at a research site university in Beijing. Through distributing questionnaires to international students who participated in the program, as well as conducting one-to-one interviews with seven international students and two program management teachers, this study found that the sociocultural adaptation status of the international students of CCSP was generally high. The sociocultural adaptation status for doctoral students of the CCSP was analyzed from five aspects including interpersonal communication, academic performance, personal interest and social participation, environmental adaptation, and language proficiency. The interviewed international students proposed three suggestions to the management of the CCSP, including holding exchange and sharing activities for international doctoral students of the CCSP, compiling CCSP manual for international students of the program, and the establishment of a student writing center. This study also provides implications to administrators of the CCSP, international doctoral students, and policy-makers of this issue.
The Influence of Leadership and Work Environment on Employee Performance at PT. Suksesindo Pratama in Jakarta
Authors: Catio Mukhlis
Published: November 2020

To achieve the goals of the company, then a leader must apply a leadership style to manage his subordinates because a leader will greatly influence the success of the organization in achieving its objectives. This study aims to determine the effect of leadership and work environment on employee performance at PT. Suksesindo Pratama in Jakarta. The method used was explanatory research with a sample of 60 respondents. The analysis technique uses statistical analysis with regression testing, correlation, determination, and hypothesis testing. The results of this study leadership have a significant effect on employee performance by 45.5%, hypothesis testing obtained significance 0,000 <0.05. The work environment has a significant effect on employee performance by 24.4%, the hypothesis test obtained a significance of 0,000 <0.05. Simultaneous leadership and work environment significantly influence employee performance by 50.7%, hypothesis testing obtained significance 0,000 <0.05
Studi Tentang Motivasi Kerja Pegawai Pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Cabang Utama Makassar
Authors: Astuti Asti , Darwis Muh. , Saleh Sirajuddin
Published: November 2020

Motivasi kerja pegawai pada setiap perusahaan menjadi sangat penting artinya, berkaitan dengan hal tersebut maka sekarang ini segenap pegawai di setiap perusahaan harus meningkatkan produktivitas kerjanya baik dalam arti volume maupun kualitas dari pekerjaannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat motivasi kerja pegawai PT. Bank Sulselbar Cabang Utama Makassar. Penelitian ini tergolong jenis penelitian deskriptif yang dirancang untuk menggambarkan secara cermat, jelas dan obyektif mengenai motivasi kerja pegawai. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni observasi, dokumentasi, angket dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi kerja pegawai pada Bank Sulselbar cabang utama Makassar dapat dikategorikan sudah baik, hal ini dapat dilihat dari masing-masing setiap hasil indikator yaitu prestasi yang hasilnya dapat dikategorikan baik, penghargaan yang hasilnya dikategorikan baik, tantangan yang hasilnya dikategorikan cukup baik, tanggung jawab yang hasilnya dikategorikan kurang baik, pengembangan yang hasilnya dikategorikan baik, keterlibatan hasilnya dikategorikan baik, dan kesempatan yang hasilnya dikategorikan baik.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter di SMK-TI Makassar
Authors: Sabri Muhammad , Ibsik H. Sangkala , Manda Darman
Published: November 2020

Abstrak. Pendidikan karakter berpijak pada karakter dasar manusia dari nilai moral. Pendidikan karakter merupakan kata kunci dari proses transformasi nilai-nilai luhur di sekolah terkhsusu di SMK-SMTI Makassar. Penelitian ini bertujuan (i) Untuk mengetahui tentang pembelajaran pendidikan karakter di desain secara terintegrasi oleh para guru PKn di SMK-SMKTI Makassar.(ii) Untuk mengetahui tentang peran Kepala Sekolah dalam upaya pembinaan pendidikan karakter di SMK-SMKTI Makassar.(iii) Untuk mengetahui prestasi belajar peserta didik di bidang Pendidikan Karakter yang terjadi pada mata pelajaran PPKn. Manfaat penelitian ini (i) Manfaat Teoritis, (ii) Manaat Praktis. Metode penelitian menggunakan metodologi Kualitatif, Fokus Penelitian (i) Para tenaga pendidik yang mengampuh mata pelajaran PPKn di sekolah SMK-SMKTI Makassar. (ii) Kepala Sekolah  SMK-SMKTI Makassar sebagai Pembina dari para pendidik. (iii) Para peserta didik yang menerima langsung proses belajar mengajar di SMK-SMKTI Makassar.Teknik Pengumpulan Data (i) Observasi, (ii) Wawancara, (iii) Dokumentasi. Teknik Analisis Data (i) Reduksi Data, (ii) Penyajian Data, (iii) Penarikan Kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, (i) Pembelajaran pendidikan karakter di SMK-SMKTI Makassar di desain secara terintegrasi oleh para guru PPKn dengan cara melihat pola dan perilaku peserta didik, melihat permasalahan dari setiap peserta didik serta memberikan materi kepada peserta didik yang lebih cepat dipahami. (ii) Peran kepala sekolah dalam upaya pembinaan pendidikan karakter di SMK-SMKTI Makassar adalah dengan cara memberikan fasilitas sarana dan prasarana bagi tenaga pendidik untuk mampu mengimplementasikan pembelajaran pendidikan karakter terhadap para peserta didik serta memberikan motivasi bari para peserta didik untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang kita harapkan. (iii) Prestasi belajar peserta didik dibidang pendidikan karakter yang terjadi pada mata pelajaran PPKn ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya hasil pembelajran pendidikan karakter yang ada di SMK-SMKTI Makassar.
PHONOLOGICAL PROCESS OF PREFIX /IN-/ IN FRENCH
Authors: Masthuroh Siti Ayu , Suryadi M , Subiyanto Agus
Published: November 2020

This article aims to know sound variations of prefix /in-/ in French and to explain phonological process of prefix /in-/ in French. The addition of the prefix / in- / can change the meaning of words into the opposite meaning. This prefix has orthographic and phonetic variation which means there are phonological rules in it, the focus of research is on sound variations and phonological rules prefix / in- / in French. The research subject is French, while the object research is adjective in French with prefix / in- /. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with observation method and note-taking technique. The approach used is transformational generative phonology. The addition of the prefix /in-/ indicates that this prefix has a function as a negative marker (negative prefixes). The result of the analysis shows that sound variations of prefix /in-/ in French are [iŋ-], [in-], [im-], [il-], [iʁ-]. The phonological process that occurs in it is an assimilation process. Assimilation process that occurs in the form of nasalization because there are changes in the sound of consonants that are nasalized in the nasal sound environment.
PENGARUH SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN FULL DAY SCHOOL TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER RELIGIUS SISWA SIT AL-BIRUNI MANDIRI MAKASSAR
Authors: Rahman Nurmaidah , Awaru A. Octamaya Tenri
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh sistem pembelajaran full day school terhadap pembentukan karakter religius siswa SIT Al-Biruni Mandiri Mandiri Makassar. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah full day school, sedangkan variabel terikatnya karakter religius. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) dan siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) di SIT Al-Biruni Mandiri Makassar tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang berjumlah 105 orang siswa, sedangkan sampelnya yaitu sebanyak 83 orang yang diambil dari 6 kelas Sekolah Mengah Pertama (SMP) dan 3 kelas Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) ditentukan melalui teknik probability sampling dengan menggunakan sampling acak sederhana (simple random sampling), dengan kriteria informan yaitu siswa yang rajin. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu kuesioner/ angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji prasyarat analisis yaitu uji nomalitas, uji homogenitas, uji parsial (uji T), analisis regresi sederhana dan analisis korelasi linier.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel X (full day school) berpengaruh terhadap variabel Y (Religius) pada siswa SIT Al-Biruni Mandiri Makassar. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dari hasil analisis product moment sebesar 0,751 dibandingkan dengan  tingkat signifikan 5% N=83 sebesar 0,215. Jadi besar dari , maka dapat ditarik bahwa hipotesis nol (Hο) ditolak dan (H) diterima. Dengan koefisien determinasi variabel X terhadap variabel Y sebesar 56,40% dan selebihnya yang 43,6%, ini berarti sistem full day school berperan dalam pembentukan sikap religius siswa. Dari hasil penelitian, saran bagi pihak sekolah agar meningkatkan lagi pencapaian tujuan sekolah dengan mengadakan monitoring dan evaluasi pelaksanaan sistem full day school. Kemudian untuk siswa agar selalu menambah pembiasaan karakter religiusnya baik disekolah atau di luar sekolah agar lebih baik lagi. Tidak lupa juga untuk orangtua agar selalu mengarahkan anaknya dalam beribadah sehingga apa yang sudah di dapatkan di sekolah tetap terlaksana ketika di luar sekolah, karena orang tua adalah orang terdekat siswa selain di lingkungan sekolah.  Kata Kunci : Full day school, karakter religius.
Workshop Seni Lukis Tingkat Sekolah Menengah Atas dan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Sederajat Di Kota Palembang
Authors: Mubarat Husni , Lail Muhammad Idris
Published: November 2020

Kegiatan workshop seni lukis tingkat SMA dan SMK sederajat di Kota Palembang dengan tema “Pesona Perempuan Palembang Dalam Lukisan” terlaksana atas kerjasma antara Museum Basoeki Abdullah dengan Museum Balaputra Dewa Negeri Sumatera Selatan, yang dilaksanakan pada hari Kamis, 12 November 2020. dilakukan secara berkala setiap tahun dengan mengusung tema yang berbeda-berbeda, namun tetap dalam bingkai ke-Indonesiaan, baik dari aspek sosialnya maupun dari aspek budaya. Kegiatan ini melukiskan pesona perempuan Palembang dalam ragam pakaian tradisional. Adapun tujuan kegiatan workshop adalah untuk memberikan wawasan dan keterampilan melukis bagi remaja, memperkenalkan Sosok Basoeki Abdullah beserta Museumnya, dan memperkenalkan kembali pakaian tradisional perempuan Palembang di masa lampau. Kegiatan workshop ini menggunakan metode presentasi materi, demonstrasi, bimbingan, dan evaluasi. Adapun hasil workshop adalah karya lukisan akrilic di atas kertas 40 cm x 60 cm, dengan mengusung gaya realis dan naturalis. Diharapkan kegiatan ini dapat menstimulus peserta untuk mempelajari seni lukis lebih jauh lagi dengan harapan munculnya generasi muda seniman lukis, khususnya di Kota Palembang.   Kata Kunci: Lukisan; Perempuan Palembang; Basoeki Abdullah; Museum
Malam Baretong Sebagai Sumber Penciptaan Komposisi “Night Of Baghetong”
Authors: Martiano Vereki , Asril Asril , Haris Asep Saepul
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK Malam baretong merupakan salah satu kegiatan gotong royong, sumbang-menyumbang dalam pesta perkawinan yang dilakukan pada saat menghitung uang dari para tamu yang hadir pada malam terakhir atau malam penutupan perelatan di Pariaman Limau Purut. Berdasarkan pandangan positif dan negatif yaitu pada nilai social yang terjadi, memberikan dampak solusi dalam segi menilai kebudayaan. Sehingga pesan dari komposisi musik yang diwujudkan dari hal-hal ekstramusikal digarap dengan menggunakan konsep bentuk analogi musikal melalui instrument konfensional dan non konfensional secara berdialog dan eksperimental bunyi dengan garapan re-interpretasi tradisi. Kata kunci : Baretong, Positf, Negatif, Ekstramusikal, Analogi Musikal.
MUSIK JAZZ MELAYU DALAM KAJIAN KREATIVITAS
Authors: Sahputra Tri Warta Hadi , Martarosa Martarosa , Warhat Zainal
Published: November 2020

AbstrackMusik Melayu adalah aliran musik tradisional yang bermula dan berkembang di wilayah pantai timur Sumatra, Kalimantan, dan Semenanjung Malaya, musik ini biasanya dinyanyikan oleh orang-orang dari suku bangsa Melayu yang tidak jarang diiringi pula dengan tarian khas Melayu setempat misalnya tari Persembahan dalam perhelatan atau pesta adat, penyambutan tetamu kehormatan, dan dalam kegiatan keagamaan. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman musik melayu mengalami perubahan gaya musik, misalnya seperti perpaduan dengan aliran musik pop, jazz, dan dangdut. Eksistensi dan konsistensi musik melayu diwujudkan dengan adanya proses kreativitas yang terdapat di.musik melayu tidak semata-mata bersikeras menjunjung nilai keasliannya saja, tetapi musik melayu selalu mengikuti ke mana arah perkembangan zaman. Hibriditas menjadi salah satu kekuataan musik melayu, dan membedakan jenis musik ini dengan yang lain. Musik melayu menerima segala perbedaan, bahkan musik melayu memadupadankan seluruh elemen yang ada. Dalam melihat proses yang terjadi, etnografi, metode penelitian seni dn pembacaan sejarah menjadi metode yang digunakan dalam menafsirkan fenomena yang ada.
PERJALANAN KREATIF KELOMPOK KANTOR TEATER JAKARTA “SEBUAH KELAHIRAN YANG SAKIT”
Authors: Putra Wanda Rahmad
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK Tulisan ini adalah studi pendahuluan atas fenomena Kantor Teater Jakarta (KTJ), sebuah kelompok teater yang menolak keberadaan sutradara dalam setiap proses kreatifnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk merekam perjalanan kreatif KTJ dalam perspektif teori habitus Pierre Bourdieu. Studi ini menggambarkan awal perjalanan kreatif KTJ yang penuh dengan 'pengalaman rasa sakit', sering mengalami keterbatasan ruang dan penolakan dari masyarakat, dan juga sering menghadapi para petugas keamanan yang kerap mengebiri kreativitas mereka. Keterbatasan ruang, keglamoran dan eksklusivitas gedung dan pertunjukan teater di Indonesia membuat mereka merumuskan konsep 'teater portabel'. KTJ menghadapi eksklusivitas keglamoran itu dengan 'melemparkan tubuh aktor keluar dari panggung' dan membuat panggung teater mereka sendiri di jalanan. Melalui cara ini KTJ dapat pentas di mana pun mereka ingin.Kata Kunci : Kantor Teater Jakarta, menolak sutradara, glamoritas, eksklusifisme, teater jalanan, habitus This paper is a preliminary study of the phenomenon of the Kantor Teater Jakarta (KTJ), a theatre group that rejects the existence of a director in every creative process. This study uses qualitative research methods to record KTJ's creative journey in the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu's habitus theory. This study describes the beginning of KTJ's creative journey that is full of 'painexperiences', often experiences limited space and opposition from the community, and also often confronts ecurity officers who often castrate their creativity. Space limitations, glamorous, and exclusivity of theatre and performances in Indonesia made them formulate the concept of 'portabletheatre'. KTJ faces this glamorous exclusivity by 'throwing the actors bodies out of the stage' and making their own theatre on the streets. In this way KTJ can perform wherever they want. Keywords: Kantor Teater Jakarta, theatre group, rejecting directors, street theatre, habitus.
PENCIPTAAN FILM “WAYANG PADANG” DENGAN PENDEKATAN FRENCH NEW WAVE
Authors: Gugat Topan Dewa , Sulaiman Sulaiman , Nazar Sahrul
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe act of Wayang Padang generally tells about the threat of disintegration behind the turmoil of political world, indecision in the establishment of various regulations, disunity of a number of political parties, selective application of law, and endless corruption. These threats as if the fire in the husk, it cannot be seen from the outside but it’s on fire inside. All forms of  this turmoil are fire dots that’s getting bigger and bigger and then burnt down the pillar of this nation. Therefore, it can be concluded that Wisran Hadi through Wayang Padang  wants to rebuke and give awareness toward this nation. The process of film making done was fiction film with the style of French New Wave. Fiction film is often called as the type of second film. Fiction film should be tied to the plot and the story presented must be out of reality (scriptwriter’s imagination). Keywords: Wayang Padang, French New Wave, Film, Drama  ABSTRAKLakon Wayang Padang secara umum bercerita tentang ancaman desintegrasi dibalik kesemrawutan dunia politik, tarik ulur dalam berbagai penetapan undang-undang, perpecahan sejumlah partai, penerapan hukum yang tebang pilih, dan korupsi yang entah kapan berakhir.  Ancaman ini bagai api dalam sekam, tak tampak dari luar tapi nyala di dalam. Segala bentuk kesemrawutan itu adalah titik-titik api yang terus membesar, menjalar, dan membakar persendian bangsa. Maka dari itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Wisran Hadi melalui Wayang Padang ingin menegur dan memberikan penyadaran terhadap bangsa ini. Proses penciptaan film yang dilakukan adalah film fiksi dengan gaya French New Wawe. Film fiksi sering juga disebut dengan jenis film kedua, film fiksi sebaiknya harus terikat dengan plot dan cerita yang disajikan harus diluar kenyataan (imajinasi penulis scenario). Katakunci: wayang padang, french new wave, film, drama
GEMA DI WAKTU SUBUH
Authors: Rianggi Yogi Elga , Rafiloza Rafiloza , Sriwulan Wilma
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTGema di Waktu Subuh (in English, it’s translated into Echo at the Dawn Time) is the work of multimedia music with the method of sound exploration in the form of sound-design composition. This composition consists of manipulative sounds that describe the atmosphere occurring at the time of Subuh prayer in Salayo Tanang Bukit Sileh, Lembang Jaya sub-district, Solok district. This composition includes in illustration music that explores the sounds of nature at dawn such as river sound, cicada’s sound, rooster’s sound, vehicle sound, the sound of people’s reciting verses in Quran, and Shalawat Tahrim as the sign of the entrance of Subuh prayer time. Gema di Waktu Subuh was processed through the application of Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) cubase5 with the assistance of Virtual Sound Technology (VST) namely Waves 9, processed with producing 3d sound. Keywords: Multimedia Music, Manipulation, Exploration, Breaking Dawn Echo.  ABSTRAKGema di Waktu Subuh merupakan karya musik multimedia dengan metode eksplorasi bunyi dalam bentuk penggarapan Sound Design. Karya ini merupakan suara-suara manipulasi yang menggambarkan suasana yang terjadi ketika akan masuknya waktu sholat subuh di daerah Salayo Tanang Bukit Sileh Kecamatan Lembang Jaya Kabupaten Solok .Karya ini termasuk musik ilustrasi mengeksplorasi suara-suara Alam diwaktu  subuh, seperti: bunyi sungai, bunyi jangkrik, bunyi ayam berkokok, bunyi kendaraan, bunyi orang yang membacakan Tilawah ayat suci Al-Qur’an, dan Shalawat Tahrim sebagai penanda masuknya waktu sholat Subuh.Gema di Waktu Subuh diolah melalui sarana pengaplikasian Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) cubase5 dengan bantuan Virtual Sound Technology (VST) yaitu Waves 9, diolah dengan menghasilkansuara 3d sound. Kata kunci: Musik-Multimedia, Manipulasi, Eksplorasi, Gema-Shubuh.
PENATAAN ANCAMAN EKONOMI SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI KEADAAN BAHAYA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Adhari Agus
Published: November 2020

This article aims to analyze economic threats in times of emergency. Threats in the modern era consist of many types, and most of it dominated by nonmilitary threats such as disasters and social conflicts. However, apart from these two threats, economic threats also have the same effect on national security. The Indonesian government has been responded to economic threats differently since 1998 when it faced an economic crisis, then when it faced the threat of an economic recession due to the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic. The difference in ways of responding to economic threats is because Indonesia does not regulate economic threats as threats of state of emergency, so policies to respond to economic threats are limited by rules that cannot be violated. Therefore, this article will discuss the arrangement of economic threats in times of emergency. As a result, by regulating an economic threat as part of a state of emergency, the government has the power to shape economic policy by deviating from the provisions that apply under normal conditions. The economic emergency arrangement is carried out by regulating economic threats as part of a state of emergency through the law, then also regulates the scope of the President's powers, the organ of exercising power, time limits, and forms of responsibility.
Comprehensive Surface Facilities Debottlenecking Strategy to Maximize Delivery Potential in South Mahakam – Pertamina Hulu Mahakam
Authors: Rusdi R.
Published: November 2020

South Mahakam (SMK) surface facilities were designed and built at a capacity of 250 MMscfd as defined in Plan of Development. Development sequences were arranged to manage field natural decline in order to keep South Mahakam keep producing at the maximum capacity. After drilling, it was found the wells’ performance were much higher than calculated. Consequently, all the potential could not be produced due to surface facilities limitation. Reviewing South Mahakam capacity, bottlenecks were found on individual well facility limitation, safety system set point and pipeline capacity. Some of the low-cost efforts/modifications were applied sequentlly to increase production capacity from 250 MMscfd up to 356 MMscfd as follows: 1. Debottleneck SMK-Process area (PPA) pipeline by reviewing pipeline capacity (max.limitation at erosional velocity) in steps, succeeded to increase pipeline capacity from 250 MMscfd to 350 MMscfd; 2. Well's choke modification by replacing internal part to gain higher capacity. Observed gain from this modification was 5-10 MMscfd/well; 3. Increasing Process Safety Valve (PSV )capacity by swapping orifice from "dead" well. Estimated gain from this step was 10 MMscfd/well; 4. Safety system review, as part of Management of Change procedure, was done to increase platform capacity by resetting Pressure Switch High High (PSHH) set point. This review was performed to ensure the new set point, that was higher than the original one, would not jeopardize overall safety system and logic. Set point increase of 4 barg succeeded to improve platform production capacity by 10-15 MMscf in proper and safe way; 5. Drag Reducing Agent (DRA) injection to pipeline, succeeded to reduce 5 barg backpressure or equal to 15 MMscfd additional gaAll of the efforts mentioned above were studied and implemented in relatively short period of time at a low cost and succeeded in boosting SMK production up to 356 MMscfd, highly appreciated for the great collaboration works between many disciplines in Field Operation, Engineering and Supply Chain. All the debottlenecking method above can be used partially or all-in-one by any fields that expect to increase existing production capacity at low cost without jeopardizing the safety aspects.
Integrated Optimization of SIMOPS (Drilling, Well Intervention, and Production) on Jackup Rig : a Case Study of Under Cantilever Operations at X-1 Platform in Mahakam Asset
Authors: Hidayat R.
Published: November 2020

Deliverability of a field shall be reflected through its hydrocarbon production. In offshore fields, the backbone for stability of production comes from drilling and well intervention operations. One makes new wells while the other maintains existing wells to minimize impact of the decline. Nevertheless, these operations may become a double-edge sword for production. For example, rig activities that shut in existing wells in an offshore platform create production loss of that field. This situation may be ludicrous, but it is a dire consequence for mature/sensitive wells, in which potential loss might be proportional to shut in duration required. This ironic situation prompts two (2) challenges which are to maintain production existing wells and to start production of new wells while respecting the safety aspect in operation. Thus, in order to overcome these challenges, an integrated optimization of SIMOPS between drilling, well intervention and production is ushered in X-1 drilling campaign where production activities continue and well intervention operates under cantilever of the jackup rig during the whole drilling campaign.PT Pertamina Hulu Mahakam (PHM) delivers one well in offshore area between 17-25 days in average, depending on the well type. As a continuous saving initiative process, every possible scenario was exercise to optimize cost and three (3) objectives were identified for cost optimization which are to reduce the shortfall of existing wells by re-perforation to revive well, optimize rig duration at respective wells safely through offline well intervention activities and accelerate the production of new wells. As a result, all three (3) objectives had been achieved during the complex campaign with deliverability including no LTI during operation, three (3) new wells , two (2) workover and sidetracked wells with longer open hole record at X-1, offline well intervention activities (perforation) of existing well at X-1, offline production activities to revive existing wells at X-1 through offload to atmosphere and offline well connection activities for new wells (earlier). In the final analysis, integrated SIMOPS optimization generates production gain and enhances cost effectiveness safely. This paper shall provide the methodology to design and prepare an integrated SIMOPS as well as the corresponding result and lesson learnt.
3D Natural Fracture Prediction Using Integrated Method of Structural Restoration and Geomechanical Forward Modelling: Case Study in South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Risyad M.
Published: November 2020

Naturally fractured reservoir has important role in oil and gas development in onshore South Sumatra Basin Indonesia. There are several fields in Indonesia have hydrocarbon (oil or gas) potential in this type of reservoir. One of the fields is Northeast Betara operated by PetroChina International Jabung Ltd. The Northeast Betara structure consists of a basement high with tertiary burial that has been inverted due to compressive stresses during Late Miocene – Pliocene. The company plans to develop Lower Talang Akar Formation (LTAF) conglomeratic sand reservoir of Northeast Betara field which is believed to be naturally fractured. Well-B was drilled targeting conglomerate and fractured basement reservoir in the field. Unfortunately, even the Well-B intersected more fractures, the hydrocarbon test result was under expectation compared to previous Well-A 5 Km away, which encountered similar reservoir but shows better production test. Due to productivity discrepancy, this study is conducted to answer this issue by predicting natural fracture distribution across the field. An integrated structural restoration and geomechanical forward modelling is carried out thoroughly in order to better target the next well intersecting productive fractures. Structural restoration with finite element method provides layer geometries from initial deposition to the present day enabling explicit coupling with Stress Simulation engine at each geological time. Forward modelling could then be achieved by applying strain boundary conditions at the base of the model using known differential vertical displacement from one geological time to the next and lateral strain at the vertical boundaries of the model. Geomechanical forward modelling (GFM) simulates the evolution of structures of a geomechanical model from deposition up to present day and captures the geomechanical details with geological time. The main result of the study is plastic shear strains across the field, which subsequently converted into fracture density with orientation and inclination and can delineate the location of productive fractures. The fracture planes are defined by orientation and inclination matched over >85% of the observed fractures in the wells. Simulation results suggest that most fractures in the location of Well-A in the field are critically stressed and therefore expected to have better hydrocarbon production potential. This paper showcases approach of advanced geomechanical technique to predict 3D natural fracture distribution using existing data. The result will be used as reference to determine further development strategy.
MISSED OPPORTUNITIES OF IMMUNISATION AMONG CHILDREN BELOW 24 MONTHS VISITED ELMAK NIMIR TEACHING HOSPITAL, SUDAN 2016
Authors: Dawria Adam , Mohieldin Ali , Alshehk Fatima , Tutu Zamzam Omer
Published: November 2020

Immunization has often been cited as one of the greatest medical success stories in human history. A cross-sectional hospital based study conducted from the period started from March 2016 to December 2016 .the study aimed to assess the missed opportunity of vaccine amongst under 24 months in Shendi locality, Total of 220 children under 2 years were been selected using convenience universal coverage for all children attending to the hospital seeking medical care, structured Questionnaire filed by their care givers. Our results revealed that, the prevalence of missed opportunity among the study population were 35% as aver all children examined, 20 % for BCG, 23% (Penta, Rota and polio vaccines), 40% for Measles 1st dose and 60% for Measles 2nd dose. These results show high percentage of dropout due to the missed opportunity from the main hospital in the Shendi locality. The main recommendations of our study are, institute primary health care unit to provide immunisation services in the teaching hospital and this is will minimize the gab of vaccine missed opportunity ,implement intensive health education programme to the local community especially rural community.
DECREASING ACTUAL POWER LOSS BY REFINED ABC ALGORITHM
Authors: Lenin K.
Published: November 2020

Refined ABC algorithm (RABC) proposed in this paper to solve the optimal reactive power problem. An artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is one of copious swarm intelligence algorithms that employ the foraging behavior of honeybee colonies. To progress the convergence performance and search speed of finding the best solution RABC algorithm has been developed. The main objective in this problem is to minimize the real power loss and also to keep the variables within the specified limits. Proposed Refined ABC (RABC) algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulations results reveal about the better performance of the proposed Refined ABC algorithm (RABC) algorithm in reducing the real power loss and the voltage profiles within the limits.
PENENTUAN JENIS KELAMIN BURUNG KENARI (Serinus canaria) BERDASARKAN GEN Chromodomain Helicase DNA-Binding 1 (CHD1)
Authors: Akhrom Afif Muhammad , Soedarmanto Indarjulianto , Yanuartono Yanuartono , Susmiati Trini , Nururrozi Alfarisa , Raharjo Slamet
Published: November 2020

Phenotype determination of sex in young canaries is very low in accuracy. This study aimed to develop a genotypic sexing method in canaries. This study used 12 canaries consisting of 3 mature males, 3 mature females and 6 one-month-old canaries. Phenotypic sexing by cloacal observation was done on all birds, continued by genotypic sexing to identification CHD1 gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR used blood samples for mature canaries, and feather for mature and one-month-old canaries. The results of phenotypic observations showed that all mature male canaries had prominent and pointed cloaca forms, all mature females had flat and wide, whereas all one-month-old birds had a flat cloaca. The result of PCR showed a single band (500 bp) for mature male and double bands (500 bp and 300 bp) for mature female canaries. The PCR results of one-month-old canaries showed that there were one male and five females. Based on this study, it was concluded that genotypic sexing using the PCR method is effective in the sex determination of canaries.Keywords: canary, CHD1, genotype, PCR, sexingÂ ABSTRAKPenentuan jenis kelamin burung kenari muda secara fenotip akurasinya sangat rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis kelamin burung kenari secara genotip. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 ekor burung kenari, terdiri dari 6 ekor dewasa (3 jantan, 3 betina) serta 6 ekor umur 1 bulan. Semua burung ditentukan jenis kelaminnya dengan mengamati kloaka dan identifikasi gen CHD1 menggunakan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sampel DNA berasal dari darah dan bulu untuk burung dewasa serta bulu untuk burung umur 1 bulan. Pengamatan fenotip menunjukkan bahwa burung kenari dewasa jantan mempunyai bentuk kloaka menonjol dan runcing, dewasa betina berbentuk datar dan lebar, sedangkan semua burung umur 1 bulan mempunya bentuk kloaka datar. Hasil identifikasi gen CHD1 diperoleh adanya 1 pita gen sekitar 500 bp dari sampel darah dan bulu semua burung kenari dewasa jantan, dan 2 pita gen sekitar 500 bp dan 300 bp dari sampel semua burung kenari betina dewasa. Hasil PCR pada sampel burung umur 1 bulan menunjukkan bahwa 1 ekor jantan dan 5 ekor betina. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penentuan jenis kelamin secara genotip menggunakan gen CHD1 dapat dilakukan pada burung kenari.
PURIFIKASI PROTEIN IMUNOGENIK 31 DAN 56 kDa DARI KELENJAR SALIVA Aedes aegypti
Authors: Wathon Syubbanul , Mutiah Fitria , Oktarianti Rike , Senjarini Kartika
Published: November 2020

Purification of 31 and 56 kDa Immunogenic ProteinsÂ from the Salivary Glands of Aedes aegyptiThe salivary gland of arthropod vector contains various bioactive compounds and plays a role in the transmission of pathogens to the host. The host develops anti-salivary antibodies against vector saliva exposure. Our previous research has identified two immunogenic proteins with molecular weights of 31 and 56 kDa from the Aedes aegypti salivary gland protein extract. However, the role of the 31 and 56 kDa immunogenic proteins from saliva Ae. aegypti is not fully known, so it is necessary to purify two immunogenic protein fractions to better specify the target of developing a dengue vaccine. This study aimed to purify the 31 and 56 kDa immunogenic protein fractions by electroelution and dialysis methods. The purification of the two protein fractions has been successful which were confirmed by the SDS-PAGE by the existence of single-band parallel to the positive control. These results were further supported by the dot blot analysis which showed a positive reaction in the form of dark spots in the two protein fractions which were reacted with dengue patients' serum, endemic healthy people, and neonates. These results indicated that the purified 31 and 56 kDa immunogenic protein fraction can be identified by specific antibodies.Keywords: dialysis, electroelution, immunogenic, purification, saliva Â ABSTRAKKelenjar saliva vektor arthropoda mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif dan berperan dalam transmisi patogen ke tubuh inang. Tubuh inang mengembangkan antibodi anti-saliva terhadap paparan saliva vektor. Penelitian kami sebelumnya telah mengidentifikasi dua protein imunogenik dengan berat molekul 31 dan 56 kDa dari ekstrak protein kelenjar saliva Aedes aegypti. Namun demikian, peranan protein imunogenik 31 dan 56 kDa dari saliva Ae. aegypti belum diketahui sepenuhnya sehingga perlu dilakukan purifikasi dua fraksi protein imunogenik untuk lebih menspesifikkan target pengembangan vaksin dengue. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan purifikasi fraksi protein imunogenik 31 dan 56 kDa melalui metode elektroelusi dan dialisis. Keberhasilan purifikasi dua fraksi protein 31 dan 56 kDa terbukti dari hasil konfirmasi SDS-PAGE dengan terbentuknya pita tunggal sejajar dengan kontrol positif. Hasil tersebut diperkuat dengan analisis dot blot yang menunjukkan reaksi positif dengan munculnya noktah gelap pada dua fraksi protein tersebut ketika direaksikan dengan serum pasien DBD, penduduk sehat endemik dan neonatus. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa fraksi protein imunogenik 31 dan 56 kDa hasil purifikasi dapat dikenali oleh antibodi spesifik.
Performance Enhancement of Oil pipeline Monitoring for a Simulated Underwater Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Jassim Waseem M. , Abdelkareem Ammar E.
Published: November 2020

In the last two decades, underwater acoustic sensor networks have begun to be used for commercial and non-commercial purposes. In this paper, the focus will be on improving the monitoring performance system of oil pipelines. Linear wireless sensor networks are a model of underwater applications for which many solutions have been developed through several research studies in previous years for data collection research. In underwater environments, there are certain inherent limitations, like large propagation delays, high error rate, limited bandwidth capacity, and communication with short-range. Many deployment algorithms and routing algorithms have been used in this field. In this work a new hierarchical network model proposed with improvement to Smart Redirect or Jump algorithm (SRJ). This improved algorithm is used in an underwater linear wireless sensor network for data transfer to reduce the complexity in routing algorithm for relay nodes which boost delay in communication.  This work is implemented using OMNeT++ and MATLAB based on their integration. The results obtained based on throughput, energy consumption, and end to the end delay.
Performance assessment of the atmospheric electric dowsing mechanism
Authors: Shuleikin V.N. , Kupovykh G.V.
Published: November 2020

The movement of the frame in the operator’s hand is provoked by the repulsion of the excess negative charge of air and the negative charge of the frame, equal in density to the charge of the Earth. A powerful increase in the repulsive forces is achieved due to the lever effect and is estimated by the ratio of the distance of the point on the horizontal knee to the radius of the vertical knee. Further strengthening is achieved by increasing the radius of the horizontal knee of the frame.
Methodical approach to forecasting zones in oil and gas bearing basins favorable for the formation of non-anticlinal traps
Authors: Shuster V.L.
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the goals, objectives, methods and types of geological and geophysical studies, as well as the forecast criteria for non-anticlinal oil and gas traps at the regional stage of exploration. Proposals are made to improve and systematize existing methods for predicting non-anticlinal traps. Geological and geophysical data on hydrocarbon deposits and exploration areas of Western Siberia are utilized. Comprehensive analysis of seismic data, well logs and core data is carried out using modern research methods.
Residual life estimation of healthy and cracked composite beam using experimental and numerical modal analysis methods
Authors: Ramprasad Gedela , Ramakrishna Shinigam
Published: November 2020

Preventive maintenance is beneficial to minimize unexpected breakdowns in industries with continuous production. Composite structures are used for naval applications like ship hulls and marine propellers. In most of the industries, composite structural health analysis using experimental and numerical model are available for damage detection and estimate the residual life of composite beams. The present work is focusses on identification of damage and estimate residual life of composite healthy and cracked beams. Free vibrational analysis is carried out on composite beam made of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) with a different crack orientation. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum analyzer associated with engineering data management (EDM) software utilized for experimental analysis to detect presence of damage in cracked composite beam. FEM software called Analysis of composite pre/post (ACP) available in ANSYS R3 is used to compare the natural frequency results of healthy composite beam with cracked composite beam with different ply orientations. For validation of numerical modal evaluation, the consequences acquired from ANSYS R3 FEA software are in comparison with experimental results received by impact hammer method. The fatigue life of a damaged composite beam is estimated the use of “Hwang and Han’s” fatigue life equation.
Residual life estimation of structural beam using experimental and numerical modal analysis methods
Authors: Siva Ganda Anand , Ramakrishna Shinigam
Published: November 2020

A structural beam is a common element in many mechanical structures such as ship propeller shaft, crane boom, and air craft wings. In the present paper experimental and numerical modal analysis are carried out for estimating the damage detection, geometric location of the damage, severity of damage and residual life of structural beam to prevent unexpected failures of the mechanical structures. Experimental and numerical modal analysis results for healthy and cracked beam are compared for validation of numerical methodology used in the present paper. Experimental modal analysis is performed on both healthy and cracked beam with the help of impact hammer, acceleration sensor and FFT analyzer associated with EDM (Engineering Data Management) software. Modal tests are conducted using impact method on selected locations of the entire healthy and cracked beam to find the first three natural frequencies, which are used to detect the presence of damage and geometric location of the damage. Three parametric studies are carried out to know the effect of crack depth, crack location and crack orientation on the natural frequencies of the cracked beam. Finally,  residual life of a healthy and cracked beam was estimated using Basiquin’s equation and finite element analysis software called ANSYS 18.1.
Formation, propagation and detection of gravitational waves
Authors: Shaliq Mohamed Armoon , R., Sharath Prasanna Sharath Prasanna R.
Published: November 2020

Gravitational waves are a new form of energy that is too sensitive to measure. The study of gravitational waves paves a unique way to approach the new era of universal science. It is quite interesting to note that experimental proof of early theory of Einstein is successfully proven after many years. The manuscript depicts the concepts of gravitational waves, propagation of gravitational waves, its effect on objects on earth and various factors that affect the measurements along with their method of approach to detect gravitational waves. Detecting gravitational waves is a tedious process and it requires a very highly sensitive experimental setup to carry out the detection as well as on considering the current trend of technology it is observed that detection faceses massive limitations. Detection of gravitational waves  opens up a new way for understanding supermassive binary systems such as neutron stars and black holes and also for studying  on Early universe history.
Adverse effects of high-dose paracetamol on thyroid gland of female rats
Authors: EREN Banu , ULUBAY Sare , SAĞIR Dilek , DEMİREL YILMAZ Burcu , MERCAN Sevcan
Published: November 2020

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine whether paracetamol, an analgesic whose mechanism of action is not yet fully known but used unconsciously, causes toxicity on the thyroid gland.Materials and Methods: A total of 25 female Wistar albino rats divided into five groups as Control (C), Paracetamol 7 days (P7), Paracetamol 14 days (P14), Paracetamol 21 days (P21) and Paracetamol 28 days (P28). The Paracetamol groups were given 750 mg/kg/day paracetamol via oral gavage administration until the day they were sacrificed. Routine histological procedures were applied to the removed thyroid glands. Thyroid tissue sections were evaluated morphometrically and histopathologically.Results: Cytoplasmic vacuolization and deterioration in follicle and colloid structures were detected in follicular epithelial cells in thyroid tissue sections of groups given paracetamol. The mean of follicle diameter measurement of the P7 group was significantly decreased compared to the control group (p<0.05). In all paracetamol groups, the mean follicular epithelium height increased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: These results show that high doses of paracetamol cause toxic effects on the thyroid gland depending on the duration of use.