bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Secure and Efficient Lightweight Symmetric Encryption Scheme for Transfer of Text Files between Embedded IoT Devices
Authors: Rajesh Sreeja , Paul Varghese , Menon Varun G. , Khosravi Mohammad R.
Published: February 2019

Recent advancements in wireless technology have created an exponential rise in the number of connected devices leading to the internet of things (IoT) revolution. Large amounts of data are captured, processed and transmitted through the network by these embedded devices. Security of the transmitted data is a major area of concern in IoT networks. Numerous encryption algorithms have been proposed in these years to ensure security of transmitted data through the IoT network. Tiny encryption algorithm (TEA) is the most attractive among all, with its lower memory utilization and ease of implementation on both hardware and software scales. But one of the major issues of TEA and its numerous developed versions is the usage of the same key through all rounds of encryption, which yields a reduced security evident from the avalanche effect of the algorithm. Also, the encryption and decryption time for text is high, leading to lower efficiency in IoT networks with embedded devices. This paper proposes a novel tiny symmetric encryption algorithm (NTSA) which provides enhanced security for the transfer of text files through the IoT network by introducing additional key confusions dynamically for each round of encryption. Experiments are carried out to analyze the avalanche effect, encryption and decryption time of NTSA in an IoT network including embedded devices. The results show that the proposed NTSA algorithm is much more secure and efficient compared to state-of-the-art existing encryption algorithms.
A Numerical Simulation of Silver–Water Nanofluid Flow with Impacts of Newtonian Heating and Homogeneous–Heterogeneous Reactions Past a Nonlinear Stretched Cylinder
Authors: Suleman Muhammad , Ramzan Muhammad , Ahmad Shafiq , Lu Dianchen , Muhammad Taseer , Chung Jae Dong
Published: February 2019

The aim of the present study is to address the impacts of Newtonian heating and homogeneous–heterogeneous (h-h) reactions on the flow of Ag–H2O nanofluid over a cylinder which is stretched in a nonlinear way. The additional effects of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and nonlinear thermal radiation are also added features of the problem under consideration. The Shooting technique is betrothed to obtain the numerical solution of the problem which is comprised of highly nonlinear system ordinary differential equations. The sketches of different parameters versus the involved distributions are given with requisite deliberations. The obtained numerical results are matched with an earlier published work and an excellent agreement exists between both. From our obtained results, it is gathered that the temperature profile is enriched with augmented values radiation and curvature parameters. Additionally, the concentration field is a declining function of the strength of h-h reactions.
The Role of Toxins in the Pursuit for Novel Analgesics
Authors: Maatuf Yossi , Geron Matan , Priel Avi
Published: February 2019

Chronic pain is a major medical issue which reduces the quality of life of millions and inflicts a significant burden on health authorities worldwide. Currently, management of chronic pain includes first-line pharmacological therapies that are inadequately effective, as in just a portion of patients pain relief is obtained. Furthermore, most analgesics in use produce severe or intolerable adverse effects that impose dose restrictions and reduce compliance. As the majority of analgesic agents act on the central nervous system (CNS), it is possible that blocking pain at its source by targeting nociceptors would prove more efficient with minimal CNS-related side effects. The development of such analgesics requires the identification of appropriate molecular targets and thorough understanding of their structural and functional features. To this end, plant and animal toxins can be employed as they affect ion channels with high potency and selectivity. Moreover, elucidation of the toxin-bound ion channel structure could generate pharmacophores for rational drug design while favorable safety and analgesic profiles could highlight toxins as leads or even as valuable therapeutic compounds themselves. Here, we discuss the use of plant and animal toxins in the characterization of peripherally expressed ion channels which are implicated in pain.
Endemic Melioidosis in Southern China: Past and Present
Authors: Zheng Xiao , Xia Qianfeng , Xia Lianxu , Li Wei
Published: February 2019

Melioidosis is a severe tropical infectious disease caused by the soil-dwelling bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, predominantly endemic to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Between the 1970s and the 1990s, the presence of B. pseudomallei causing melioidosis in humans and other animals was demonstrated in four coastal provinces in southern China: Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian, although indigenous cases were rare and the disease failed to raise concern amongst local and national health authorities. In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of melioidosis cases witnessed in the region, particularly in Hainan. Meanwhile, although China has established and maintained an effective communicable disease surveillance system, it has not yet been utilized for melioidosis. Thus, the overall incidence, social burden and epidemiological features of the disease in China remain unclear. In this context, we present a comprehensive overview of both historical and current information on melioidosis in Southern China, highlighting the re-emergence of the disease in Hainan. Surveillance and management strategies for melioidosis should be promoted in mainland China, and more research should be conducted to provide further insights into the present situation.
Priorities, Barriers, and Facilitators towards International Guidelines for the Delivery of Supportive Clinical Care during an Ebola Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Battista Marie-Claude , Loignon Christine , Benhadj Lynda , Nouvet Elysee , Murthy Srinivas , Fowler Robert , Adhikari Neill K. J. , Haj-Moustafa Adnan , Salam Alex P. , Chan Adrienne K. , Mishra Sharmistha , Couturier Francois , Hudon Catherine , Horby Peter , Bedell Richard , Rekart Michael , Hajek Jan , Lamontagne Francois
Published: February 2019

During the Ebola outbreak, mortality reduction was attributed to multiple improvements in supportive care delivered in Ebola treatment units (ETUs). We aimed to identify high-priority supportive care measures, as well as perceived barriers and facilitators to their implementation, for patients with Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). We conducted a cross-sectional survey of key stakeholders involved in the response to the 2014–2016 West African EVD outbreak. Out of 57 email invitations, 44 responses were received, and 29 respondents completed the survey. The respondents listed insufficient numbers of health workers (23/29, 79%), improper tools for the documentation of clinical data (n = 22/28, 79%), insufficient material resources (n = 22/29, 76%), and unadapted personal protective equipment (n = 20/28, 71%) as the main barriers to the provision of supportive care in ETUs. Facilitators to the provision of supportive care included team camaraderie (n in agreement = 25/28, 89%), ability to speak the local language (22/28, 79%), and having treatment protocols in place (22/28, 79%). This survey highlights a consensus across various stakeholders involved in the response to the 2014–2016 EVD outbreak on a limited number of high-priority supportive care interventions for clinical practice guidelines. Identified barriers and facilitators further inform the application of guidelines.
Classifying the Unclassified: A Phage Classification Method
Authors: Chibani Cynthia Maria , Farr Anton , Klama Sandra , Dietrich Sascha , Liesegang Heiko
Published: February 2019

This work reports the method ClassiPhage to classify phage genomes using sequence derived taxonomic features. ClassiPhage uses a set of phage specific Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) generated from clusters of related proteins. The method was validated on all publicly available genomes of phages that are known to infect Vibrionaceae. The phages belong to the well-described phage families of Myoviridae, Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Inoviridae. The achieved classification is consistent with the assignments of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), all tested phages were assigned to the corresponding group of the ICTV-database. In addition, 44 out of 58 genomes of Vibrio phages not yet classified could be assigned to a phage family. The remaining 14 genomes may represent phages of new families or subfamilies. Comparative genomics indicates that the ability of the approach to identify and classify phages is correlated to the conserved genomic organization. ClassiPhage classifies phages exclusively based on genome sequence data and can be applied on distinct phage genomes as well as on prophage regions within host genomes. Possible applications include (a) classifying phages from assembled metagenomes; and (b) the identification and classification of integrated prophages and the splitting of phage families into subfamilies.
Duck Plague Virus Promotes DEF Cell Apoptosis by Activating Caspases, Increasing Intracellular ROS Levels and Inducing Cell Cycle S-Phase Arrest
Authors: Zhao Chuankuo , Wang Mingshu , Cheng Anchun , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Jia Renyong , Zhu Dekang , Chen Shun , Liu Mafeng , Zhao Xinxin , Zhang Shaqiu , Liu Yunya , Yu Yanling , Zhang Ling , Tian Bin , Rehman Mujeeb Ur , Pan Leichang , Chen Xiaoyue
Published: February 2019

Background: Duck plague virus (DPV) can induce apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) and in infected ducks, but the molecular mechanism of DPV-induced apoptosis remains unknown. Methods: We first used qRT-PCR and a Caspase-Glo assay to determine whether the caspase protein family plays an important role in DPV-induced apoptosis. Then, we used an intracellular ROS detection kit and the mitochondrial probe JC-1 to respectively detect ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Finally, flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Results: In this study, the mRNA levels and enzymatic activities of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were significantly increased during DPV-induced apoptosis. The caspase inhibitors Z-DEVD-FMK, Z-LEHD-FMK, and Q-VD-Oph could inhibit DPV-induced apoptosis and promote viral replication. Subsequently, a significant decrease in MMP and an increase in the intracellular ROS levels were observed. Further study showed that pretreating infected cells with NAC (a ROS scavenger) decreased the intracellular ROS levels, increased the MMP, inhibited apoptosis, and promoted viral replication. Finally, we showed that DPV infection can cause cell cycle S-phase arrest. Conclusions: This study shows that DPV causes cell cycle S-phase arrest and leads to apoptosis through caspase activation and increased intracellular ROS levels. These findings may be useful for gaining an understanding of the pathogenesis of DPV and the apoptotic pathways induced by α-herpesviruses.
Analysis of State-Specific Differences in Childhood Vaccination Coverage in Rural India
Authors: Shrivastwa Nijika , Wagner Abram L. , Boulton Matthew L.
Published: February 2019

There is little research on state-level differences in child health outcomes in India. The aim of this study was to identify state-level characteristics that relate to childhood immunizations. Most state-level characteristics came from the 2011 Indian Census. Individual-level data and other state-level characteristics were obtained from the 2007–2008 District Level Household and Facility Survey. Predictors of full vaccination were assessed with logistic regression models. Among 86,882 children 12–36 months, 53.2% were fully vaccinated. Children living in bigger households (≥7 members), born in non-institutional settings, and female had lower odds of complete vaccination. Individuals living in states in the mid-range of poverty had lower odds of full vaccination compared to those in lower or higher poverty states (3rd vs. 1st quintile: odds ratio [OR]: 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30, 0.42). Greater average population per primary health center was associated with decreased odds of full vaccination (5th vs. 1st quintile: OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.47). Vaccination coverage in India can be explained by a complex interplay of individual- and state-level factors. Solutions to increasing vaccination must be multisectoral and acknowledge the cultural and socio-economic diversity that influences an individual child’s vaccination coverage along with within-state disparities.
Multi-Level Energy Management—Part II: Implementation and Validation
Authors: van Reeven Vital , Hofman Theo
Published: February 2019

In hybrid electric vehicles, energy management systems (EMS) using optimization show superior fuel efficiency compared to rule-based strategies. However, little research shows its real-life applicability. In Part II of this work, the multi-level, model-predictive EMS from Part I is implemented on a heavy-duty parallel hybrid electric vehicle, using GPS and map data as preview. The power split, hybrid mode, and gear selection, including switching costs, are optimized in real time, thereby proving the feasibility of optimal control techniques for hybrid driveline control. Functional validation of the EMS on a test track confirm the fuel-saving mechanism as simulated in Part I. In addition to a fuel saving of 36%, the EMS also improves the drivability, by reducing the amount of open driveline events.
Streams with Riparian Forest Buffers versus Impoundments Differ in Discharge and DOM Characteristics for Pasture Catchments in Southern Amazonia
Authors: Dalmagro Higo J. , Lathuillière Michael J. , Sallo Fernando da S. , Guerreiro Maurel F. , Pinto Osvaldo B. , de Arruda Paulo H.Z. , Couto Eduardo G. , Johnson Mark S.
Published: February 2019

Forest to pasture land use change following deforestation in Southern Amazonia can result in changes to stream water quality. However, some pasture streams have riparian forest buffers, while others are dammed for farm ponds. Stream corridor management can have differential effects on hydrology and dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics. We examined rainfall-runoff patterns and DOM characteristics in a pasture catchment with a forested riparian buffer, and an adjacent catchment with an impoundment. Total streamflow was 1.5 times higher with the riparian buffer, whereas stormflow represented 20% of total discharge for the dammed stream versus 13% with buffer. Stream corridor management was also the primary factor related to DOM characteristics. In the impounded catchment, DOM was found to be less structurally complex, with lower molecular weight compounds, a lesser degree of humification, and a larger proportion of protein-like DOM. In the catchment with a forested buffer, DOM was dominated by humic-like components, with fluorescence characteristics indicative of DOM derived from humified soil organic matter under native vegetation. Our results suggest that differences in stream corridor management can have important implications for carbon cycling in headwater pasture catchments, and that such changes may have the potential to influence water quality downstream in the Amazon basin.
A Systematic Review of Coastal Vulnerability Assessment Studies along Andhra Pradesh, India: A Critical Evaluation of Data Gathering, Risk Levels and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Kantamaneni Komali , Sudha Rani N.N.V. , Rice Louis , Sur Koyel , Thayaparan Menaha , Kulatunga Udayangani , Rege Rajshree , Yenneti Komali , Campos Luiza C.
Published: February 2019

The establishment and alteration of any coastal feature is largely dependent upon complex hydrological and geomorphologic processes. Therefore, understanding hazard factors and threat risk level is crucial for mitigating risk in coastal zones. This study examines coastal vulnerability factors and their influence along the Coastal Andhra Pradesh (CAP) region in India. CAP has been exposed to frequent hydrological and meteorological hazards due to variations in the geographical, geological, and bathymetric characteristics. Despite substantial vulnerabilities, the risk to the coastline of Andhra Pradesh has not been rigorously evaluated. The current research systematically reviews the drivers and effects of hazards and vulnerabilities in CAP. Findings indicate that urban cities have a considerably higher risk of cyclones and floods due to their locations on the Bay of Bengal tectonic plate, the topology of this coastal region, and higher population density. The study revealed that the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) data along CAP is mostly gathered using low-resolution satellite data and/or field observation surveys. The study further revealed that there are very few existing mitigation strategies developed or discussed within the obtained results. However, more accurate data gathering techniques for coastal vulnerability factors are available such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): Air-borne and LiDAR sensors, which provide very high resolution data and low-cost accessibility to physically inaccessible places, making them suitable for vulnerability data collection in coastal locations. These findings are useful for stakeholders seeking to reduce or ameliorate the impact of coastal disasters and their impacts on the CAP economy, environment, and population. The study further helps to reduce the existing shortcomings in the assessment techniques used previously.
Dirhodium(II)-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of N-arylaminocyclopropane with alkyne derivatives
Authors: Liu Wentong , Kuang Yi , Wang Zhifan , Zhu Jin , Wang Yuanhua
Published: February 2019

Dirhodium(II) complex-catalyzed [3 + 2] reactions between N-arylaminocyclopropanes and alkyne derivatives are described. The cycloaddition products proved to be versatile synthetic intermediates. trans-Cyclic β-amino acids and derivatives thereof can be conveniently synthesized using this cycloaddition protocol.
Bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus terrestris) collecting honeydew from the giant willow aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Cameron Sydney A. , Corbet Sarah A. , Whitfield James B.
Published: February 2019

Only rarely have bumble bees (Bombus) been observed collecting honeydew from aphids (Aphididae) feeding on phloem sap. This behavior may be rare because the percentage of sugar in honeydew egested from aphids is generally well below the sugar concentration in floral nectars preferred by bumble bees. Nonetheless, in August 2018, near St. Buryan, Penzance, Cornwall, UK (56.0602N; -5.6034W) we observed large numbers of wildBombusterrestris(Linnaeus) collecting honeydew from a colony of the giant willow aphidTuberolachnussalignusGmelin feeding on the stems of the willowSalixalba. Unlike aphid-tending ants, who glean fresh honeydew directly from the aphid anal opening, the bumble bees were collecting honeydew from leaf litter below the aphid colony. We hypothesized that honeydew collected from exposed ground surfaces was more concentrated due to evaporation under ambient conditions than that released directly from the anus (fresh honeydew). We thus monitored sugar concentrations of fresh honeydew and compared them with the concentrations of the crop contents of worker bumble bees foraging from the leaf litter. Our data show that the concentration of sugar in fresh honeydew was as much as 10% w/w lower than that collected from leaf surfaces, as measured from the crop contents of foragers. The unusually hot, dry weather in Cornwall may have enhanced evaporative concentration of honeydew while restricting floral nectar sources, thus favoring honeydew collection byB.terrestris, a generalist bumble bee forager.
Serpúlidos (Annelida, Serpulidae) colectados en las campañas oceanográficas de Fauna Ibérica
Authors: Martínez María José , San Martín Guillermo
Published: February 2019

Se han identificado las colecciones de poliquetos de la familia Serpulidae (Annelida) recolectados en las campañas oceanográficas de Fauna Ibérica, las cuales se encuentran depositadas en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (MNCN), en el marco del Proyecto Fauna Ibérica. Se estudiaron algo más de 100 muestras, que fueron recolectadas en el ámbito íbero-balear desde profundidades someras hasta más de 700 m de profundidad. Se han identificado un total de 24 especies pertenecientes a 15 géneros; se han observado algunas anomalías morfológicas, como por ejemplo características intermedias entre dos especies de Serpula o quimeras bioperculadas en Hydroides. También se ha profundizado en el estudio de los complejos de géneros Apomatus-Protula y Filograna-Salmacina.
Een stad tonen: Brussel en zijn subjectieve portretten
Authors: Reverseau Anne
Published: February 2019

Het eerste deel van de tentoonstellingstrilogie over Brussel, voorgesteld door de CENTRALE for contemporary art, BXL Universel, vormt ons uitgangspunt om te reflecteren over wat een “expositie-stadsportret” is. De expositie van 2017 was een antwoord op de uitdaging om een stad te tonen en Brussel daarbij voor te stellen als een “creatieve thuishaven” door de continuïteit tussen zijn verleden en heden te tonen en er even diverse als subjectieve portretten van te maken. De door Carine Fol ontworpen expositie wordt zowel vergeleken met andere exposities die de laatste jaren aan Brussel werden gewijd als getoetst aan de recente onderzoeken over portretten van territoria. Dit artikel strekt er aldus toe de grondslagen te leggen voor een reflectie over exposities-stadsportretten in het algemeen en verschillende mogelijkheden voor te stellen om het specifieke karakter van Brussel te tonen en daarbij de nadruk te leggen op het belang van folklore, de blik van buitenaf en de collectieve dynamische processen.
Presenting a city: Brussels and its subjective portraits
Authors: Reverseau Anne
Published: February 2019

Based on BXL Universel – the first part of the trilogy of exhibits on Brussels proposed by CENTRALE for contemporary art – we explore the concept of an “exhibit/portrait of a city”. The 2017 exhibit met the challenge of presenting a city by making Brussels a “creative home port”, by showing the continuity between its past and its present, and by making portraits of it which were diverse as well as subjective. The exhibit created by Carine Fol is put into perspective, both in the context of other exhibits devoted to Brussels in recent years, and of recent research on portraits of territories. This article thus intends to lay the foundations for an analysis of exhibits/portraits of cities in general, and proposes several approaches to the specificity of Brussels as a city being presented, by insisting in particular on the significance of folklore, the foreign perspective and the collective dynamic.
The Effect of Substituting Metakaolin for Sand on the Thermomechanical Behaviour of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC)
Authors: Adamou Doumi Nawal Siham , Bournine Amrane Hadjila , Benyahia Ali Ahmed
Published: February 2019

The weakening of the behavior of reactive powder concrete (RPC) under high temperature is a major drawback; therefore, it is necessary to find an ingredient that improves their resistance under rising temperatures. The present work involves the use of metakaolin as a substitute for sand in a reactive powder concrete (RPC) in order to assess its effect on the mechanical strength at high temperatures. The test specimens are preheated up to 100°, 300°, 500°, 700° and 900°C, respectively following a well-defined cycle, thereafter subjected to a three-point bending followed by compression tests. Samples of the tested specimens were used for thermal, mineralogical and microstructural analyses using the thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG / DTA), the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the scanning electron microscopic Analysis (SEM).The heating tests revealed that all the specimens exploded before reaching 500°C. However, they can withstand 300°C before exploding for different exposure durations depending on the metakaolin substitution ratio. Therefore, the mechanical tests were applied only on unheated specimens and those heated up to 100°C. The results showed that the use of metakaolin improves the mechanical strength of the RPC, both at room temperature (25°C±1°C) and at 100°C. This result is confirmed by the microstructure analysis, which revealed the absence of portlandite. The latter did react with the metakaolin silica to form new calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) enhancing the mechanical strength.
Synthesis of Si-Based Refractory Compounds from Coconut Shell by Carbothermal Method
Authors: Adediran Adeolu Adesoji , Alaneme Kenneth Kanayo , Oladele Isiaka
Published: February 2019

The synthesis of Si-based refractory compounds from coconut shells (CS) by carbothermal treatment was investigated. Coconut shells, an agro-waste was utilised in the processing of the Si-based refractory compounds in a single stage carbothermal processing route. The treatment scheduled was carried out in a conventional heat treatment furnace at a temperature window of (900-1900 °C) at 10 °C/min heating rate in a controlled atmosphere. X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) was used to analyzed and quantify the crystalline and amorphous phases in the reaction products. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that, the dominant functional groups present after the carbothermal treatment were mainly Si-O-Si and Si-C groups. Also, the XRD results showed that the polytypes are mainly of α-SiC type precipitating as hexagonal symmetry of 6H-SiC and 4H-SiC type. The silica polytypes amount to about 8-14 wt.% of the silica polytypes as observed for different processing temperatures adopted. However, the total yield of SiC-made up between 11 to 40 wt.% of the crystalline phases as identified by XRD from the process. It is evident that the adoption of this processing route is a viable option for the synthesis of coconut shells as potential reinforcement for composites design.
Contactless Silicon-Based Multi-Dimensional Hall Sensor with Simultaneous Magnetic Sensing and Omni-Rotational Angle Measurement
Authors: Kaewjumras Yongyut , Prabket Jirawat , Titiroongruang Wisut , Niemcharoen Surasak
Published: February 2019

This experimental research proposes a contactless silicon-based two-dimensional (2D) Hall sensor capable of simultaneous parallel-and perpendicular-directional magnetic sensing, with a 360° angle measurement. The Hall sensor was of non-symmetrical five-ohmic contact configuration (C1 – C5). In the study, experiments were carried out in three stages. In the first-stage experiment, the current (I) and voltage (V) of the 2D Hall sensor were determined under three schemes: schemes A (C1&C2), B (C2&C5), and C (C3&C4). In the second-stage experiment, the parallel and perpendicular absolute sensitivities of the 2D sensor were examined. Considering the discrepancy between the parallel and perpendicular absolute sensitivities, signal conditioning circuitry was incorporated into the sensor system to compensate, and the rotational angles measured in the final-stage experiment. The results revealed that the I-V curves were dominantly linear, corresponding to Ohm’s law. However, the parallel and perpendicular absolute sensitivities were low and unequal. Thus, signal conditioning circuitry was incorporated into the system to address the discrepancy and improve the performance. Importantly, the 2D Hall sensor exhibited a mere ±3odiscrepancy between the measured and reference rotational angles, given the magnetic flux density of 1000 G, with the hysteresis error of 2.8%. In essence, the proposed contactless silicon-based 2D Hall sensor possesses high potential for high-precision industrial applications.
The Effect of Type and Height of Piers on the Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Bridges
Authors: Djemai Mohamed Cherif , Bensaibi Mahmoud , Halfaya Fatma Zohra
Published: February 2019

Bridges are commonly used lifelines; they play an important role in the economic activity of a city or a region and their role can be crucial in a case of a seismic event since they allow the arrival of the first aid. Reinforced concrete (RC) bridges are worldwide used type view their durability, flexibility and economical cost. In fact, their behavior under seismic loading was the aim of various studies. In the present study the effect of two structural parameters i.e. the height and the type of piers of reinforced concrete bridges on seismic response is investigated. For that reason, different multi-span continuous girder bridges models with various geometrical parameters are considered. Then, non-linear dynamic analyses are performed based on two types of piers which are: multiple columns bent and wall piers with varying heights. In this approach, a serie of 40 ground motions records varying from weak to strong events selected from Building Research Institute (BRI) strong motion database are used including uncertainty in the soil and seismic characteristics. Modelling results put most emphasis on the modal periods and responses of the top pier displacements, they show the influence of the considered parameters on the behavior of such structures and their impact on the strength of reinforced concrete bridges.
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy ZK60 Sheets after Multi-Pass Hot Rolling
Authors: Hwang Yeong Maw , Wang Yung Lin
Published: February 2019

Magnesium alloys have been widely used in automotive, bicycle, aerospace industries. Improving the mechanical properties of the materials by various forming processes has been an important issue. Grain refinement is an effective method to improve material properties. In this study, single-pass and multi-pass hot rolling processes are carried out to generate dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and fine grains and to obtain better mechanical properties on the rolled products. A mathematical model linked with FEM software DEFORM-2D is proposed to predict the dynamic recrystallization ratio and the grain size distributions during various multi-pass hot rolling processes. The effects of different thickness reductions on the grain size distributions inside the sheet are discussed. Multi-pass hot rolling experiments of magnesium alloy ZK60 sheets are carried out and the metallographic microstructures are observed. The measured grain sizes are compared with the simulation results to verify the validity of the proposed model. The effects of different thickness reductions on the mechanical properties of the rolled magnesium alloy ZK60 sheets are also investigated.
Measurement of Negative Poisson's Ratio of CFRP Laminates Using 3D Digital Scanning Method
Authors: Oikawa Rikuto , Kubo Gai , Matsuda Tetsuya , Goto Keita , Ohno Nobutada , Arai Masahiro
Published: February 2019

In this study, a through-the-thickness negative Poisson's ratio of an angle-ply carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminate is experimentally investigated using a 3D digital scanning method. For this, an image-based measurement method using a 3D digital scanner is developed to obtain the thickness change of CFRP laminates. The thickness change is used to calculate the through-the-thickness Poisson's ratio of CFRP laminates. Then, a tensile test of a [±θ°] angle-ply CFRP laminate is performed, and the through-the-thickness Poisson's ratio is measured based on the developed method. The results obtained suggest that the through-the-thickness Poisson's ratio exhibits negative values which become increasingly negative as (visco)plastic deformation progresses in the laminate, as demonstrated in our previous analysis.
Numerical Analysis of the Impact Fracture of Metallic Glass Based on Free Volume Model
Authors: Umeda Tsutomu , Mimura Koji
Published: February 2019

The yield behavior of amorphous metals including the metallic glass shows intrinsic dependence on the hydrostatic stress, so that yield criterion models such as Mohr-Coulomb and Drucker-Prager are often used. Both the models can explain the asymmetry in the yield stress under uniaxial compression and tension conditions, while the asymmetry in the angle of fracture surface is not able to be determined based on any of those models. The free volume model is able to provide that foundation. Shibutani et al. proposed a new constitutive model for amorphous metals that was derived from some free volume models and the flow rule using the Drucker-Prager yield function as a plastic potential, and investigated the yield behavior and the formation of localized shear band under some temperature conditions using the implicit static FEM code. The formation of shear bands is an unstable phenomenon that is greatly affected by the initial imperfection. In this model, on the other hand, the temperature or the strain rate also affects the yield behavior considerably. In this study, the impact fracture of metallic glass was investigated by implementing the constitutive model proposed by Shibutani et al. into the explicit dynamic FEM code DYNA3D, with laying emphasis on reproducing asymmetry in the angle of fracture surface and the examination of effects of strain rate and temperature change.
A Graphical Method to Estimate Forming Limit Curve of Sheet Metals
Authors: Pham Quoc Tuan , Duc Toan Nguyen , Kim Jin Jae , Kim Young Suk
Published: February 2019

Since its foundation, the concept of forming limit diagram has been widely accepted in sheet metal forming community as a powerful tool for studying formability. There are pyramid models that were developed to estimate the forming limit curve theoretically, for example, Swift's diffuse necking criterion, Hill's localized necking criterion, Marciniak and Kuczynski model, Modified Maximum Force Criterion, etc.. Implement of these models, however, is a laborious task. To simply the task, this study presents a graphical method to estimate forming limit curve of sheet metal. Some new insights into the Modified Maximum Force Criterion, the Hora method, are discussed. The insights pertain to the use of a graphic tool to estimate limit strains at three critical forming modes in sheet metal forming that are the uniaxial tension, plane strain, and equi-biaxial tension. Connecting three points by linear lines yields to a simple graph of forming limit curve. Method validation is supported by comparing the estimated forming limit curve with experimentally measured data for several automotive sheet metals.
Respiratory Enterovirus (like Parainfluenza Virus) Can Cause Chronic Lung Disease if Protection by Airway Epithelial STAT1 Is Lost
Authors: Zhang Yong , Mao Dailing , Keeler Shamus P. , Wang Xinyu , Wu Kangyun , Gerovac Benjamin J. , Shornick Laurie L. , Agapov Eugene V. , Holtzman Michael J.
Published: February 2019

Epithelial barrier cells are proposed to be critical for host defense, and airway epithelial cell capacity for IFN signal transduction is presumed to protect against respiratory viral infection. However, it has been difficult to fully test these concepts given the absence of tools to analyze IFN signaling specific to airway epithelial cells in vivo. To address these issues, we generated a new line of transgenic mice with Cre-driver genes (Foxj1 and Scgb1a1) for a floxed-Stat1 allele (designated Foxj1-Scgb1a1-Cre-Stat1f/f mice) to target the master IFN signal regulator STAT1 in airway epithelial cells and tested these mice for control of infection because of mouse parainfluenza (Sendai) virus and human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). Indeed, both types of infections showed increases in viral titers and severity of acute illness in Foxj1-Scgb1a1-Cre-Stat1f/f mice and conventional Stat1−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. In concert, the chronic lung disease that develops after Sendai virus infection was also increased in Foxj1-Scgb1a1-Cre-Stat1f/f and Stat1–/– mice, marked by airway and adjacent parenchymal immune cell infiltration and mucus production for at least 7 wk postinfection. Unexpectedly, relatively mild EV-D68 infection also progressed to chronic lung disease in Foxj1-Scgb1a1-Cre-Stat1f/f and Stat1−/− mice but was limited (like viral replication) to airways. The results thereby provide proof-of-concept for a critical role of barrier epithelial cells in protection from acute illness and chronic disease after viral infection and suggest a specific role for airway epithelial cells given the limitation of EV-D68 replication and acute and chronic manifestations of disease primarily to airway tissue.
Задача Бомбиери для ограниченных однолистных функций
Authors: Gordienko Valerii Gennad'evich , Prokhorov Dmitri Valentinovich
Published: February 2019

Бомбиери предложил описать строение множества значений
начальных коэффициентов нормированных конформных отображений круга
в окрестности угловой точки, соответствующей функции Кебе.
Числа Бомбиери характеризуют предельные положения
опорных гиперплоскостей, проходящих через критическую угловую точку.
В статье задача Бомбиери переносится на класс
ограниченных нормированных конформных отображений круга,
где роль функции Кебе передается функции Пика.
Вычислены числа Бомбиери для пары
двух нетривиальных начальных коэффициентов.
Библиография: 10 названий.
О группах с обособленной $2$-подгруппой
Authors: Sozutov Anatolii Il'ich , Durakov Boris Evgenievich
Published: February 2019

В работе найдены достаточные условия, когда группа с обособленной
$2$-подгруппой является группой Фробениуса.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Определяемость вполне разложимых абелевых групп без кручения
полугруппами эндоморфизмов и группами гомоморфизмов
Authors: Pushkova Tat'yana Aleksandrovna , Sebel'din Anatolii Mikhailovich
Published: February 2019

Пусть $C$ - абелева группа. Класс $X$ абелевых групп назовем
$ _CE^\bullet H$-классом, если для любых групп $A,B\in X$
из изоморфизмов $E^\bullet(A)\cong E^\bullet(B)$
и $\operatorname{Hom}(C,A)\cong\operatorname{Hom}(C,B)$ следует
изоморфизм $A\cong B$.
В статье описаны необходимые и достаточные условия на вполне
разложимую абелеву группу $C$ без кручения, чтобы заданный класс
абелевых групп без кручения был $ _CE^\bullet H$-классом.
Библиография: 11 названий.
Методы решения некорректных экстремальных задач,
обладающие оптимальным и экстраоптимальным качеством
Authors: Leonov Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: February 2019

Вводится понятие качества приближенных решений некорректно
поставленных экстремальных задач и изучаются апостериорные
оценки качества для различных методов решения. Даются примеры
функционалов качества, которые могут быть использованы при
решении практических экстремальных задач. Определяются новые
понятия оптимального, оптимального по порядку и экстраоптимального
качества метода решения экстремальной задачи. Развивается теория
устойчивых методов решения экстремальных задач (регуляризующих
алгоритмов) с оптимальным по порядку и экстраоптимальным качеством,
в которой, в частности, изучается свойство состоятельности оценочной
функции качества. Приводятся примеры регуляризующих алгоритмов
с экстраоптимальным качеством решений для экстремальных задач.
Библиография: 30 названий.
Асферичность групп, заданных графами
Authors: Bereznyuk Vadim Yurevich
Published: February 2019

Помеченный множеством $S$ граф $\Gamma$ задает группу $G(\Gamma)$,
образующими которой является множество меток $S$,
а соотношениями - все слова, которые можно прочитать
на замкнутых путях этого графа. Мы вводим понятие асферичного графа
и доказываем, что такой граф задает асферичную группу.
Этот результат обобщает теорему Доминика Грубера для графов,
удовлетворяющих графическому условию $C(6)$,
а также позволяет получить новые графические условия асферичности,
аналогичные некоторым классическим условиям.
Библиография: 7 названий.
Короткое замечание о мультипликативной энергии спектра
Authors: Shkredov Ilya Dmitrievich
Published: February 2019

Получена верхняя оценка для мультипликативной энергии спектра
произвольного подмножества $\mathbb F_p$, которая является
наилучшей по модулю наших текущих теоретико-числовых знаний.
Библиография: 20 названий.
Нелинейная аддитивная задача
с простыми числами специального вида
Authors: Eminyan Karapet Mkrtichevich
Published: February 2019

В настоящей статье решается нелинейная аддитивная задача
в простых и натуральных числах, двоичные разложения которых
имеет специальный вид.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Множители абсолютной сходимости
Authors: Tsagareishvili Vakhtang Shalvovich , Tutberidze G
Published: February 2019

В работе рассмотрены последовательности положительных чисел $(d_n)$,
которые при умножении на коэффициенты Фурье $(C_n(f))$ функций
из заданных функциональных классов обеспечивают сходимость рядов
вида $\sum|C_n(f)|^pd_n$, ${1\leqslant p<2}$. Установлено,
что полученные условия неусиляемы в некотором смысле.
Из результатов статьи, в частности, вытекают известные следствия
для тригонометрических рядов Фурье.
Библиография: 9 названий.
Верна ли гипотеза Зарембы?
Authors: Kan Igor' Davidovich
Published: February 2019

Доказывается, что не превосходящие числа $N$ знаменатели тех конечных цепных
дробей, все неполные частные которых принадлежат алфавиту $\{1,2,3,5\}$, образуют множество мощности $\gg N^{0.85}$. Расчет, произведенный по аналогичной теореме Бургейна-Конторовича 2011 г., дает ответ $\gg N^{0.80}$.
Библиография: 25 названий.
Инварианты Фоменко-Цишанга невыпуклых топологических биллиардов
Authors: Vedyushkina Viktoriya Viktorovna
Published: February 2019

Наряду с классическим плоским биллиардом можно рассмотреть топологический биллиард, движение при котором происходит на локально плоской поверхности, полученной изометричной склейкой нескольких плоских областей вдоль границ, являющихся дугами софокусных квадрик. Здесь точка движется внутри каждой из областей вдоль отрезков прямых, переходя из одной области в другую при попадании на границу склейки. Ранее автором была получена лиувиллева классификация всех таких топологических биллиардов, полученных склейками вдоль выпуклых границ. В настоящей работе классифицируются все топологические интегрируемые биллиарды, полученные склейкой как вдоль выпуклых, так и вдоль невыпуклых границ из элементарных биллиардов, ограниченных дугами софокусных квадрик. Для всех таких невыпуклых топологических биллиардов вычислены инварианты Фоменко-Цишанга (меченые молекулы $W^*$) лиувиллевой эквивалентности.
Библиография: 25 названий.
Antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of propolis against bacteria that cause mastitis in cattle
Authors: Klhar Gabriela Thais , Isola José Victor , Da Rosa Cintia Saydelles , Giehl Diciane Zeni , Martins Anelise Afonso , Bartmer Monica Elisa , Segabinazzi Luciane Rumpel
Published: February 2019

A própolis é uma substância coletada por abelhas, especialmente pela Apis mellifera, a partir de resinas de brotos de plantas que possuem numerosas propriedades biológicas, como antimicrobiana e antiinflamatória. Atividades como a pecuária leiteira orgânica apresentam alta demanda por produtos naturais com propriedades como as presentes na própolis, uma vez que a contaminação do leite e a mastite são grandes problemas da indústria de laticínios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do extrato etanólico de própolis (EEP) em diferentes concentrações. Ação do EEP extraído de colmeias no sul do Brasil foi testada contra 13 diferentes gêneros de agentes bacterianos causadores de mastite em bovinos leiteiros. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de Parasitologia e Microbiologia da Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Dom Pedrito – RS, durante os meses de maio e junho de 2016. Seguiram-se as técnicas de difusão em ágar e microdiluição em placas. Através dos resultados do teste de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), pode-se afirmar que o EEP possui atividade inibitória em 100% das bactérias testadas em concentrações acima de 10% (p/v). Tais resultados mostram que a própolis apresenta potencial antimicrobiano frente as principais bactérias envolvidas nos processos de mastite.
Cloud geometry from oxygen-A-band observations through an aircraft side window
Authors: Zinner Tobias , Schwarz Ulrich , Kölling Tobias , Ewald Florian , Jäkel Evelyn , Mayer Bernhard , Wendisch Manfred
Published: February 2019

Abstract. During the ACRIDICON-CHUVA (Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation,
and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud Systems–Cloud
Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil: A Contribution to
Cloud Resolving Modeling and to the GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement)) aircraft campaign in September 2014 over the
Amazon, among other topics, aerosol effects on the development of cloud
microphysical profiles during the burning season were studied. Hyperspectral
remote sensing with the imaging spectrometer specMACS provided cloud
microphysical information for sun-illuminated cloud sides. In order to derive
profiles of phase or effective radius from cloud side observations, vertical
location information is indispensable. For this purpose, spectral
measurements of cloud-side-reflected radiation in the oxygen A absorption
band collected by specMACS were used to determine absorption path length
between cloud sides and the instrument aboard the aircraft. From these data,
horizontal distance and eventually vertical height were derived. It is shown that, depending on aircraft altitude and sensor viewing
direction, an unambiguous relationship of absorption and distance exists and
can be used to retrieve cloud geometrical parameters. A comparison to
distance and height information from stereo image analysis (using data of an
independent camera) demonstrates the efficiency of the approach. Uncertainty
estimates due to method, instrument and environmental factors are provided.
The main sources of uncertainty are unknown in cloud absorption path
contributions due to complex 3-D geometry or unknown microphysical
properties, variable surface albedo and aerosol distribution. A systematic
difference of 3.8 km between the stereo and spectral method is found which can
be attributed to 3-D geometry effects not considered in the method's
simplified cloud model. If this offset is considered, typical differences
found are 1.6 km for distance and 230 m for vertical position at a typical
distance around 20 km between sensor and convective cloud elements of
typically 1–10 km horizontal and vertical extent.
The Arctic Traits Database – a repository of Arctic benthic invertebrate traits
Authors: Degen Renate , Faulwetter Sarah
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The recently increased interest in marine trait-based studies
highlights one general demand – the access to standardized, reference-based
trait information. This demand holds especially true for polar regions, where
the gathering of ecological information is still challenging. The Arctic
Traits Database is a freely accessible online repository
(https://doi.org/10.25365/phaidra.49;
https://www.univie.ac.at/arctictraits, last access: 20 February 2019) that fulfils these requests for one important component of
polar marine life, the Arctic benthic macroinvertebrates. It accounts for
(1) obligate traceability of information (every entry is linked to at least
one source), (2) exchangeability among trait platforms (use of most common
download formats), (3) standardization (use of most common terminology and
coding scheme) and (4) user-friendliness (granted by an intuitive
web interface and rapid and easy download options, for the first
time including the option to download a fuzzy coded trait matrix). The combination of
these aspects makes the Arctic Traits Database the currently most
sophisticated online accessible trait platform in (not only) marine ecology
and a role model for prospective databases of other marine compartments or
other (also non-marine) ecosystems. At present the database covers 19 traits
(80 trait categories) and holds altogether 14 242 trait entries for
1911 macro- and megabenthic taxa. Thus, the Arctic Traits Database will
foster and facilitate trait-based approaches in polar regions in the future
and increase our ecological understanding of this rapidly changing system.