bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Intraperitoneal Rupture of Giant Hydronephrosis Presenting as Acute Abdomen
Authors: Kogulan T. , Jeyaruban J. , Thamaneeyan M.
Published: January 2025

Hydroureteronephrosis is caused by upper or lower urinary tract obstruction due to intrinsic or extrinsic causes. Functional lower urinary tract obstruction causing giant hydronephrosis in young adults is rare. Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of thinned-out renal cortex of giant hydronephrosis presenting as an acute abdomen in a young adult is exceedingly rare.
Economic and Social Impact of Female Home-Makers: A Case Study of the Women Farmers' Organization in the Western Province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayakodi J. M. R. D.
Published: January 2025

In Sri Lanka, 34.5% of the females participate in the labour force. One of the projects launched by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2016, was the establishment of ‘Sithamu’ (Let’s think) the women farmers’ organizations to boost rural development with female participation in agriculture. The purpose of this paper is to explore the Economic and Social impacts of such organizations on the Female Home-Makers; based on Bourdieu’s theory of capital (1986). It was conducted as a case study on a woman farmers’ organization (WFO) in the Western Province selected through convenience sampling. The informants of the study were eight members of the organization. This study included a background information questionnaire, a semi-structured interview schedule, observational field notes and document analysis. The thematic analysis of data revealed that the WFO contributed to the development of their social inter-connections, relevant government officials, resource persons, local agricultural entrepreneurs and other agencies related to agriculture. This paves the way for the development of members’ social capital through developing mutual trust, networks, sharing of information and collective decision making amongst them. The social capital has an impact on alleviating poverty through opportunities for self-employment and development of their entrepreneurial skills, their living standards, their capabilities…etc. Being members of the WFO gave them many opportunities to engage in both non-formal and informal learning. The sources of non-formal learning included instructional sessions, field visits, demonstrations and training sessions organized by the local Agrarian Service Centre. Field visits, meetings and informal interactions among the members provided them the informal learning. They helped members to develop social, cultural and economic capital in various ways. It is recommended to empower women farmers by providing them with more access to government-provided training, funding and social recognition as farmers and also to benefit them with these types of organizations and learning opportunities.
President’s message SLOA 2023
Authors: Piyasena Bandujeewa
Published: January 2025

No abstract available
Selecting the appropriate study design for your research
Authors: Chandrarathne N. , Senarath U.
Published: January 2025

In the realm of clinical research, it is essential for both researchers and clinicians to possess a comprehensive understanding of different study designs, their inherent advantages, disadvantages, and the potential for bias associated with each.Broadly, research designs fall into two categories: observational studies (e.g., cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies) and experimental studies (specifically, randomized controlled trials or RCTs). Each design serves a specific purpose, and they all come with their unique sets of strengths and weaknesses.Selecting the most appropriate design hinges on two critical factors. Firstly, it depends on the specific research question at hand. For instance, if the research seeks to determine disease prevalence, a cross-sectional study is ideal; if it's centered around identifying harmful factors, a case-control study is more suitable; when examining prognosis, a cohort study comes into play; and for testing the effectiveness of a therapy, RCTs are often considered as the the gold standard. Secondly, practical considerations, including budget, time, availability of suitable patient populations, and the expertise of the research team, also play pivotal roles in determining the choice of study design. These factors can significantly constrain options.While this paper provides a brief introduction to common study types, it is essential to recognize that conducting such studies requires access to far more comprehensive and detailed sources of information. As you embark on your research journey, you will likely need to delve deeper into these methodologies and seek guidance from more extensive resources.
Clinical outcomes of double fascicular nerve transfer for restoring elbow flexion in brachial plexus injuries :A case series
Authors: Sandamali T. M. S. , Wickremaratne M. , Wickemarachchi I. , Mathangasinghe Y. , Rajapakse G. K.
Published: January 2025

No abstract available
Innovative PVD Technology Solutions for Advanced Substrate, EMI Shielding, and Backside Metal
Authors: Turner Jeff
Published: January 2025

Traditional silicon scaling with Moore’s law is facing fundamental technical and cost challenges. Several IDM and foundry customers are utilizing heterogenous integration and system in package approaches to meet next generation performance and cost requirements. A number of integration scheme approaches for SiP (System in Package) implementation are being developed. Each of these approaches poses challenges that require innovative technical solutions. 5G, AI, and HPC devices are driving this adoption of Heterogeneous Integration (HI). HI uses various packaging technologies to integrate different functional chips in side-by-side or die stack formats from different fabless design houses, foundries, wafer sizes, and feature sizes into a system. For the next few decades, we will see the trend of a higher level of HI, whether it is for time-to-market, performance, form factor, power consumption, signal integrity, or cost savings.

One example to be covered of how the industry is working to accomplish these market trends and requirements, is by the deposition of metal layers using PVD on the backside of wafers for thermal dissipation purposes. This is especially critical for the high thermal dissipation requirements for power devices such as SiC, GaN, and IGBT.

In this presentation, we will review new PVD processes and flows to improve the performance of packages while lowering the cost structure of 5G, AI, and HPC devices. Applied Materials offers various PVD solutions to meet those requirements, such as panel sputtering processing, backside metal deposition and EMI shielding.
Interconnect Transitions and the Challenges Ahead
Authors: Vardaman E. Jan
Published: January 2025

Industry Has Seen Many Changes in Packaging and Assembly

Wire Bond Still Accounts for Most of IC Package InterconnectAdvanced Packaging (FC & WLP) Show Higher Growth
Fan Out Wafer Level Package With Enhanced Product Reliability and Advanced Node Silicon Chip Package Integration
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Lakhera Nishant , Beddingfield Craig , Benson Mollie , Mawer Adnrew J.
Published: January 2025

Different fan out wafer level package

(FOWLP) versions are used in the industry for various device

applications in hand held consumer

products. Traditional wafer level fan out is a die first, die down FOWLP that has been in volume production for low end baseband, PMIC, Codec, Wi-Fi, RF products. A die up high-density fan out

package process has found adoption for

mobile phone processor and DRAM

integration in a package on package

format. For all these applications the

primary product package benefits are

small form factor, reduced height and

better electrical, thermal performance.

All these advantages are the result of

absence of substrate between the die

and printed circuit board (PCB), which

leads to reduced package size and

shorter electrical signal and thermal

conduction path. However, when the

package is directly mounted on PCB,

then board level temperature cycling

may lead to significant coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch

between the package and PCB in some

instances. This CTE mismatch may stress

the package solder joint leading to

cyclic fatigue related solder joint

cracking. Stiffer solder alloys have

been evaluated to minimize the fatigue

damage due to cyclic stress and thus

improve the solder joint fatigue life.

However, the higher stiffness of the

solder alloy may move the induced

cyclic stress and failure from the

solder joint to the package metal

interconnect. Moreover, wafer level

packages for advanced silicon nodes may have fragile low-k and extremely low-k

back end of line dielectric layers that

can also crack or delaminate in cyclic

fatigue.

In this work several design of experiment legs including different package interconnect layer stack ups, dielectric materials, solder alloys, were mechanically modelled and

empirically tested to achieve optimum

package design that passed the following product reliability

qualification conditions - high

temperature storage life (150°C, 2000

hours), application level temperature

cycling ((-40 °C to 125 °C, 600 cycles), board level temperature

cycling (-40 °C to 125 °C, 500 cycles)

and board level drop test (1500g/0.5ms,

30 drops). Excellent product reliability performance and successful chip package integration for all levels of interconnects (silicon-package-

board) was achieved.
Achieving Success in Automotive Leadframe Packages
Authors: Nickelsen John
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the quality and reliability requirements of the

automotive market have increased

significantly. Among other things,

automotive customers are demanding zero defects and zero delamination

after extended reliability testing. To

support these market requirements,Amkor has invested and continues to invest substantial resources in two strategic directions.

The first strategic direction is the

development of automation tools to

significantly reduce escaped defects

and achieve zero delamination. Defect

trapping/isolation has been improved

by marking tracking identification on

leadframe strips prior to the start of assembly. The tracking marks are then used to create defect maps when

automatic optical inspection (AOI) is

performed following wire bonding and

again during open and short (O/S)

electrical testing after the completion of assembly. In addition to preventing defective parts from

escaping, these automatic inspections

provide rapid feedback to the process engineering team in the factory. In

the case of the defects caught at AOI, there is a photographic record of all defects found that the engineering team can use to troubleshoot the issue without the need for further failure analysis.

As a part of the plan for extending

automation implementation for the automotive market, Amkor is currently developing support for Die

Traceability Systems (DTS) for leadframe products. DTS leverages the

equipment and processes put in place

to support defect trapping with the

addition of the integration of the die

attach equipment with the strip mark

tracking to link the customer electronic wafer map to leadframe strip maps. This creates a record of which die are placed on which

leadframe locations. The unit laser

markers near the end of the assembly

process then mark a 2D code on the

package identifying the package and

linking it to the information about

the die and wafer as well as the defect maps generated during the assembly process. The DTS records will

be electronically transferred to

customers as needed. The second strategic direction has

been the development of the capability for leadframe packages to consistently

achieve zero delamination following extended automotive reliability (AEC Q100 & Q006 G1 & G0) testing. Many

different combinations of processes and materials were tried before consistent results were achieved. With the initial success of these efforts, further implementation is occurring across the broad portfolio of

leadframe packages. This success has

been achieved by focusing on many

factors including design, process and

environmental controls, and the

interactions of physical properties of

the bill of materials (BOM) elements.

This paper discusses these strategic

directions in greater detail.
The Effects of the Global Pandemic on Women Athletic Training Students as They Transitioned to Practice
Authors: Kloepfer Marlaina E. , Gardiner-Shires Alison M. , Duckett Emily A. , Wood Heather N.
Published: January 2025

Context

The transition to practice process is complex and facilitated by many formal and informal processes. The coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic presented unique challenges for athletic trainers. An identity-specific focus is necessary to understand better the transition to practice process during the pandemic.

Objective

To understand (1) what socializing factors influence a cohort of women athletic trainers who graduated from the same professional master’s (PM) athletic training program as they transitioned to practice and (2) the unique challenges the women athletic trainers faced as they sought employment and transitioned into their first professional roles during the pandemic.

Design

Qualitative phenomenological cohort study.

Setting

Semistructured, in-depth, 1-on-1 videoconference interviews.

Patients or other Participants

Six women (24.83 ± .96 years old) who graduated from the same PM athletic training program now working in various athletic training settings.

Data Collection and Analysis

We conducted semistructured interviews via Zoom (Zoom Video Communications). Interviews were transcribed, and a general phenomenological approach to analysis was used. Member checks, multiple analyst triangulation, and peer review were used to ensure trustworthiness.

Results

Three main themes emerged that describe the effects of the pandemic on the transition to practice of women athletic trainers: (1) personal identity, (2) relational identity, and (3) professional identity. Several subthemes were also identified to further illustrate the participants’ lived experiences.

Conclusions

Although some of the participants’ socialization and transition to practice experiences were similar to other graduates described in the literature, the personal, relational, and professional identities of these women athletic trainers were influenced by the pandemic. The participants purposefully sought women mentors to assist them with navigating the challenges of developing a professional identity during the pandemic. There is a need to create gender-specific networks to support individuals during their growth from novice to professional.
Prospective Study of the Impact of Preoperative Nutrition on Postoperative Outcomes in Paediatric Surgery Using a Novel Two-axis Classification Scheme
Authors: Chacko Benjamin , Zameer M. M. , Vinay  , D’cruz Ashley L. J. , Rao Sanjay
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Malnutrition is a significant concern in the hospitalized surgical cohort. Despite this there is no standardized scheme tailored for the pediatric surgical cohort. This study evaluated the feasibility to of the novel two-axis scheme to fill the lacunae in pediatric nutritional assessment.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to study the effect of the preoperative nutritional status on the clinical outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

This is a prospective, observational, and cohort study of all pediatric patients undergoing surgery at our center from January 2021 to September 2022. Preoperative anthropometry was measured and all subjects were classified using the two-axis scheme incorporating body mass index and height z-scores into nonoutliers or one of the four outlier groups: underweight short, underweight tall, overweight short, and overweight tall. All complications within 30 days postsurgery were recorded and graded by the Clavien–Dindo classification.

Results:

The study included a total of 827 patients who underwent 1022 surgeries, 70.5% being males. About 33% of the cohort was under 5 years of age. Overall incidence of complications was 10.1% with underweight short group having the highest (19.7%). Underweight short group had higher incidence of composite and healthcare-associated infections (P < 0.05) and higher odds of all types of complication in comparison to the nonoutliers. No significant relation was noted between the nutritional groups and the severity of the complication.

Conclusions:

This study supported the predictive value and feasibility of this novel two-axis nutritional classification scheme in the pediatric surgical outcomes. The underweight short subjects are at higher risk of developing postoperative complications.
Ecological Impact on Stingless Bees: Evaluating Pollen Load and Body Size Post-Introduction
Authors: Suhri Andi Gita Maulidyah Indraswari , Kahono Sih , Riendriasari Septiantina Dyah , Syahribulan  , Salatnaya Hearty , Rahmah Mufti Hatur
Published: January 2025

Changes in foraging behavior of stingless bees are caused by their introduction to new environments with varying biotic and abiotic factors. These bees struggle to adapt due to the shift from their original range. Biotic factors, particularly food source abundance, are crucial for their survival. Limited resources and reduced competition can decrease hive pollen, affecting larval nutrition and adult morphological growth. This study examines the physical effects of introducing stingless bees from Sulawesi to Jawa, Indonesia, using PCA to analyze 35 morphological traits and a haemocytometer to calculate pollen load. Morphometry was performed on ten separate colonies and ten different individual worker bees. Research findings indicate that the most significant size changes were observed in the forewing and hindwing lengths of worker bees at the introduction site. The smaller body size in the new environment indicates less available food in the nest. The lower pollen collection in the new environment compared to their natural habitat confirms this. The decline in pollen load is attributed to biotic factors like competition and food availability. When stingless bees become non-native, they face competition with existing species, including natives. Abiotic factors do not significantly influence the reduction in worker bees' foraging activity in the new environment. Changes in environmental factors significantly influenced the morphometric measurements of worker bees, following their introduction to lowland areas.
Potential Probiotic Yeasts of the Pichia Genus Isolated from ‘Dadih’, a Traditional Fermented Food of West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Chihombori Tatenda Calvin , Mustopa Apon Zaenal , Astuti Rika Indri , Mutiara Ilma , Refli Redoyan , Umami Rifqiyah Nur , Fatimah  , Irawan Herman , Ekawati Nurlaili , Trinugroho Joko P , Akmaliyah Rizna , Chairunnisa Sheila , Amani Febriyanti Nur , Manguntungi Baso , Hertati Ai , Mamangkey Jendri
Published: January 2025

Fermented buffalo milk, known as dadih, serves as a reservoir of potential probiotic yeasts. Over the past two decades, probiotic yeasts have gained increasing attention in both basic and clinical sciences due to their health benefits. This study aimed to isolate and characterize probiotic yeasts from dadih. Yeasts were isolated using yeast Extract, peptone, and dextrose (YPD) medium, and molecularly identified through 18S-rRNA sequencing. Probiotic potential was assessed by evaluating resistance to acidic pH, bile salts, proteolytic, lipolytic, and hemolytic activities. Secondary metabolites produced during fermentation were tested for antimicrobial properties. GBT30 and GBT37 isolates were selected based on their superior performance in probiotic property assays for further analysis. Molecular identification revealed these isolates as Pichia occidentalis (GBT30) and Pichia kudriavzevii (GBT37). Both strains demonstrated in vitro survivability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and exhibited antimicrobial activity. Whole-genome sequencing of P. kudriavzevii GBT37 identified a genome size of 10,906,850 base pairs, distributed across four chromosomes with a GC content of 38.26%. Notably, secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes were located on contig 7. In addition, 26 probiotic-related genes, including GSY1, HSC82, HSP104, TPS1, ARN1, FLO1, ALA1, SIR2, and others, were identified in P. kudriavzevii GBT37, indicating its potential as a probiotic yeast. The traditional fermentation process of dadih offers probiotic yeasts with promising health benefits, supporting its potential as a functional food.
In Silico and In Vitro Inhibitory Activity of Indonesian Herbal Compound Extracts against SARS-COV-2 Recombinant Papain-Like Protease
Authors: Fatiningtyas Fairuz Andini , Napitupulu Riswanto , Malik Amarila , Helianti Is
Published: January 2025

The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) is essential for viral replication and a promising target for drug discovery. This study explored the inhibitory potential of compounds from Indonesia herbals Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L), Star fruit leaves (Averrhoa carambola L.), and Java plum leaves (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) against PL pro through molecular docking and in vitro assays. The molecular docking method utilized the target protein PLpro (PDB ID: 7CMD), with the native ligand obtained from compounds identified in these plant extracts. The compounds were identified using the KNApSAcK database and analyzed for drug-likeness based on Lipinski's Rule of Five. The physicochemical characteristics affecting absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) were determined using the pkCSM descriptor algorithm protocol. Validation was performed using the redocking method, achieving an RMSD score of 0.728 Å, which indicated validity (RMSD <2.0 Å). The results identified four ligands with the lowest binding affinities from these extracts: (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate, folic acid, petunidin 3-glucoside, and ellagic acid, with binding scores of -8.6, -8.3, -7.1, and -7.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Prior to conducting the PLpro in vitro inhibition assay, a fluorescence-based inhibition assay was performed using Z-RLRGG-AMC as the substrate and GRL0617as the control inhibitor. All extracts were subjected to 70% ethanol maceration. The IC50 value of GRL0617 was 3.38 μM, while fluorescence tests showed that Java plum leaf extract exhibited the highest inhibition percentage at 66.10±3.22%. These findings indicate that all three plant extracts contain compounds capable of inhibiting PLpro activity.
Assessment of Biological Activity, Total Phenolic Content, and Cytotoxicity of Ethyl Acetate Extracts from an Endophytic Fungus, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64
Authors: Mat Jalil Mohd Taufiq , Zakaria Nurul Aili , Yahya Mohd Fakharul Zaman Raja , Mohamad Sharifah Aminah Syed , Ibrahim Darah
Published: January 2025

The biological activities of ethyl acetate extracts of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 were assessed in the present study. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH scavenging assay, antibacterial activity via broth microdilution, and total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. In vivo toxicity was determined using a brine shrimp lethality assay. The fraction extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with an EC50 of 441.6 µg/ml, surpassing the crude extract's. The EEELP showed a relatively low phenolic content of 13.273 µg GAE/mg extract. Regarding antibacterial activity, both crude and fraction extracts demonstrated MIC values ranging from 62.5 to 250 µg/ml against Gram-positive bacteria, while MBC values ranged from 125 to 500 µg/ml for both extracts. The MIC values for crude and fraction extracts against Gram-negative bacteria were 250-500 µg/ml, whilst the MBC values for both crude and fraction extracts were in the range of 500–2,000 µg/ml. The findings also revealed that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to both extracts (crude and fraction) than Gram-negative bacteria. The crude extract exhibited a non-cytotoxic effect with an LC50 value of 2054.88 µg/ml for acute exposure and a low cytotoxic effect with an LC50 value of 199.69 µg/ml for chronic exposure. Meanwhile, the fraction extract demonstrated a non-cytotoxic effect for both acute and chronic with an LC50 value of 5744.14 µg/ml and 1035.94 µg/ml, respectively. Therefore, the present study suggests that the fraction extract could be an effective pharmaceutical agent and safe for drug development due to its low toxicity.
Sustaining Biodiversity and Ecological Roles in a Heritage Landscape: The Role of Coffee Agroforestry in Kluncing, Indonesia
Authors: Kurnianto Agung Sih , Dewi Nilasari , Sulistyowati Hari , Siddiq Arif Mohammad , Ratnasari Tri , Khowatini Husnul , Yulianto Roni , Firdaus Anggun Sausan
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the role of coffee agroforestry in sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem functions in Kluncing, Ijen, Indonesia. By quantifying bird, butterfly, and coffee insect diversity using the Shannon-Wiener index, it evaluates ecological dynamics and their implications for sustainable land management. Bird communities demonstrated the highest diversity (2.911), indicating ecosystem stability, while butterflies (2.481) and coffee insects (1.841) exhibited lower diversity, reflecting habitat and resource limitations. Trophic network modeling using NetworkX identified keystone species like Collocalia linchi (21.9% relative abundance) among birds and the Formicidae family (29.8% relative abundance) among coffee insects, emphasizing their critical roles in ecosystem balance. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) highlighted the influence of environmental factors on species distribution. Species such as Ariadne ariadne and Delias belisama were sensitive to humidity and temperature, while Collocalia linchi favored areas with higher light intensity. The findings underscore the importance of tailored management practices to address species-specific responses to microclimatic variations. Sustainable agroforestry management is vital for preserving biodiversity, maintaining ecosystem stability, and ensuring agricultural productivity. This study also highlights challenges posed by habitat degradation and climate change, emphasizing the need for adaptive strategies to safeguard this unique agroforestry landscape.
Genetic Population of Hypothenemus hampei Ferarri (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) from Coffee (Coffea spp.) in Sumatra, Indonesia Using The Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I Gene
Authors: Sitompul Aida Fitriani , Dahelmi Dahelmi , Roesma Dewi Imelda
Published: January 2025

Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari, 1867, is a globally significant pest of coffee (Coffea spp.). Genetic information about H. hampei from various locations, including countries in America, Africa, and Asia (Java, Indonesia), is available. However, the data has yet to be available for Sumatra. This research aims to study the genetic population of H. hampei in coffee plants in Sumatra. In this study, a total of 27 mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences were used to estimate the population genetics of H. hampei in Sumatra, collected from C. arabica, C. canephora, and C. liberica at nine locations. The analysis of the COI gene sequences revealed that they contained 236 base pairs (53.76%) of conserved sites, 203 base pairs (46.24%) of variable sites, 153 base pairs (34.85%) of parsimony sites, and 50 base pairs (11.38%) of informative single sites out of a total of 439 base pairs. Haplotype analysis of the COI gene in H. hampei from Sumatra revealed 10 haplotypes, with a haplotype diversity (h) of 0.649 and nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.004. Genetic differentiation (Fst) of H. hampei is low among populations in Sumatra. Genetic variation within populations is higher, and between populations is low. The genetic distance of 0-0.28%, 27 H. hampei sequences from Sumatra are in the same branch, indicating low genetic variation. This information holds great potential for designing sustainable control strategies to manage this pest species in coffee plants, particularly in the Sumatra region.
High-Resolution Microscopic Images of Mosquito Vectors (Diptera: Culicidae): Proper Identification of Culex and Aedes during Dengue Outbreak Situation in Bangladesh
Authors: Yesmin Farzana , Hasan Md. Fahad , Hossain Tahera , Akter Shamme , Uddin Md Nazim , Md. Hasanuzzaman
Published: January 2025

High-resolution microscopic images of the 8th abdominal segment, comb scales, pectin, tuft of hairs, saddle, head antenna, thoracic hooks and other morphological characteristics of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus have been provided for the first time in Bangladesh. Mosquitoes spread deadly diseases (dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, malaria, filariasis) that kill millions of people every year including Bangladesh. During dengue and dengue outbreak situations, it is very much necessary to identify the dengue-occurring mosquito vectors. Proper identification of the mosquito vectors of Bangladesh is the key factor for public health protection and disease prevention. Larval movement patterns and habitat characterization were also observed. Results obtained in this study revealed that dengue virus can also be carried by other Aedes species rather than A. aegypti. Results were discussed with previous study dealing with Aedes mosquito samples of Bangladesh. The findings will be very useful for the proper identification of dengue mosquito vectors in Bangladesh and the knowledge assists in the accuracy of mosquito control activities as well as prevention of mosquito-borne diseases.
Relative abundance, activity pattern and habitat suitability of Great Argus (Argusianus argus grayi) in Sungai Wain Protected Forest, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan
Authors: Ramadhanti Hanny , Perwitasari-Farajallah Dyah , Mulyani Yeni Aryati , Rianti Puji
Published: January 2025

Great Argus (Argusianus argus) is a globally threatened species that is protected by law in Indonesia. This species is a habitat specialist that tends to be confined to primary forests and is susceptible to human disturbance and environmental change. Sungai Wain Protected Forest (SWPF) is an isolated lowland rainforest in Kalimantan. The rising deforestation rate has threatened species sustainability in recent decades, including the Great Argus in SWPF. This study aimed to systematically analyze camera trap data on the Great Argus's abundance, activity patterns, and habitat suitability prediction in SWPF. We used camera trap data from 2018-2022 at the SWPF. Great Argus's lowest relative abundance index was in 2020, and the highest was in 2022. Overall, the relative abundance index of the Great Argus was approximately 3.125 independent events per 100-day trap night. The activity pattern of the Great Argus started at dawn and then constantly decreased until dusk. The habitat suitability prediction for the Great Argus was mostly in primary forests. Distance to road and building were the variables that contributed the most to the results of habitat suitability modeling. Habitat loss and suitability are the determining factors for the sustainability of significant argus populations.
Drought-Induced Morphophysiological and Metabolite Changes in Oil Palm Seedlings from Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: Andesmora Evan Vria , Hamim  , Sulistijorini  , Muttaqin Mafrikhul , Triadiati
Published: January 2025

Oil palm requires sufficient water for optimal growth. However, oil palm plantations in Indonesia face the challenge of global climate change, which causes increased temperatures and unpredictable rainy seasons. The research aimed to analyze oil palm accessions from Jambi that are tolerant to drought based on plant morphophysiological characteristics and metabolite profile. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using a factorial randomized block design. Five oil palm accessions were evaluated in this study, i.e., Muara Jambi (MJ), Tebo (TB), Tanjung Jabung Barat (TJB), Merangin (MR), and Simalungun (SM). Seedlings were planted in pots containing 20 kg of soil and acclimatized for 14 days before treatment. Drought treatments were carried out for two, four, and six weeks. Observations were made on growth, physiological, and metabolite changes at the end of each drought period. The study showed that the SM accession exhibited a higher photosynthetic rate and fresh and dry biomass than the other accessions. However, the content of proline and MDA increased significantly in oil palm throughout the drought periods. Metabolomic profiling revealed a significant increase in 13 metabolites under drought stress, i.e., citramalate, L-tyrosine, ferulate, and 3-4-dihydroxybenzoate were the four most prevalent metabolites in the leaf. The root produced more L-proline, aspartate, aconitate, kaempferol-3-o-pentoside, oxoadipate, citrate, L-phenylalanine, maltose, phenylacetic acid, and citramalate. These metabolites have roles in plant metabolic pathways such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), lysine biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism.
Characterization and Enzymatic Assay of Cellulase-Producing Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Fermented Bamboo of Bangladesh
Authors: Marma Mauching , Chakroborty Koushik , Lee Jong Min , Rahman Zinia , Rafiquzzaman S. M.
Published: January 2025

Fermented bamboo (also known as Ngwopo) is a traditional food item among the indigenous population living in the south-east of Bangladesh. Though fermented foods harbour a significant number of probiotics and enzyme-producing bacteria, there is a lack of research on isolating beneficial bacteria from native fermented food products in Bangladesh. Thus, considering the extensive utilisation of cellulase enzymes and probiotics, our study was conducted with the objective of isolating and characterizing native cellulase-producing bacteria from fermented bamboo and performing crude enzyme activity assay. The sample was collected from Khagrachari hill tracts district of Bangladesh. Three isolated bacteria, namely FB-1, FB-2, and FB-3, screened based on the carboxymethyl cellulose medium, were tested for biochemical and probiotic properties, and the best isolate was genetically identified by molecular characterization through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and evolutionary analysis. All three gram-positive isolates were observed to be positive for starch hydrolysis and fermentation of sucrose, suggesting their ability to breakdown carbohydrates while testing negative for gelatinase, indole, and H2S test. The isolates demonstrated moderate bile salt and pH tolerance and low to medium autoaggregation. FB-2 had 75% susceptibility to the tested antibiotics, while other isolates were susceptible to 50% antibiotics. All of the bacteria were non-pathogenic, showing γ-haemolysis. FB-2 strain showed an enzyme production capacity of 1.56 units/ml. The best performing isolate was identified as Bacillus cereus. Therefore, the study discovered a native bacteria potentially suitable as probiotic and as a source of cellulase for industrial processes, highlighting the enriched indigenous cuisines of Bangladesh.
Bird Diversity and Existence at Pringtali Block: Implications for Conservation in Meru Betiri National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Mohammad Siddiq Arif , Sulistiyowati Hari , Aprilia Palupi Annisaa , Firmansyah Puji
Published: January 2025

Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP) is one of the conservation areas with an essential bird habitat in East Java. In the conservation monitoring and evaluation framework, we studied the diversity and existence of birds in the bird hotspot (Pringtali Block) as an implication for bird conservation in the MBNP. Bird observations were collected during January-February 2023 at the Pringtali Block using the point count method at six representative sites. The primary data recorded included bird species, abundance of each species, and frequency of encounters. Meanwhile, the secondary data were obtained from web queries covering bird conservation status and distribution through https://www.iucnredlist.org/. Data analysis was conducted in three stages:  determining species composition, species diversity index (H'), and species existence value (Ef). The results recorded 70 bird species, consisting of 57 genera and 33 families, in the Pringtali Block of MBNP. The diversity index of birds was included in the high category (H' = 3.31). The average existence value (Ef) of the bird is 48.57 or x̄=3 s, which are included in the medium category. This reveals that birds in the Pringtali block have important structural and functional values in the MBNP ecosystem. This value also illustrates the importance of the presence of a bird species in the ecosystem and represents the uniqueness of the bird species. The birds with the highest Ef values were the Javan Hawk-eagle Nisaetus bartelsi (86.67) and White-rumped Woodpecker Meiglyptes tristis (86.67). Both species have low frequencies, are an endangered category, and are endemic to Java. Therefore, conservation efforts associated with MBNP have been successful.
Pemberdayaan Pendidikan dan Pembenahan Kebersihan Lingkungan untuk Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Laladon Ciomas Bogor
Authors: Mahyudin Erta , Fudhaili Achmad , Kurnia Salsabilla Afifah
Published: January 2025

Di antara problem sosial yang terjadi di lingkungan masyarakat Desa Laladon, Kecamatan Ciomas, Kabupaten Bogor adalah minimnya kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya pendidikan dan lemahnya perhatian terhadap kebersihan lingkungan. Rumusan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang ingin dijawab adalah bagaimana upaya yang efektif dalam pemberdayaan pendidikan dan meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan masyarakat di Desa Laladon untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang bersih, sehat, dan berdaya saing. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah di lokasi pengabdian masyarakat adalah pendekatan problem solving, yang meliputi identifikasi masalah, penentuan masalah, penentuan strategi, pengaturan strategi, riset, analisis, dan pengambilan keputusan. Untuk mengatasi kedua masalah utama tersebut, kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini mengimplementasikan beberapa solusi, antara lain: mengklasifikasikan sampah menjadi organik dan anorganik, membuat alat pembakar sampah (insinerator), melaksanakan program Sabtu Bersih, mengajar anak-anak Sekolah Dasar, serta mengembangkan keterampilan hidup. Pemilahan sampah organik dan anorganik dilakukan secara rutin setiap minggu. Mesin insinerator dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat. Program fun study dirancang untuk membuat anak-anak lebih antusias dan termotivasi dalam belajar.
Meningkatkan Peran dan Fungsi Majelis Taklim Sebagai Wadah Pendidikan dan Penguatan Karakter Masyarakat
Authors: Khasanah Siti Uswatun , Atmowidjoyo Sutardjo , Madian Madian , Hanafi Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Majlis Taklim sebagai media pendidikan dan media penguatan terhadap karakter masyarakat secara historis telah hadir sejak zaman nabi yang digunakan untuk membimbing, membina dan mengkader umat. Sampai saat ini majelis taklim menjadi wadah efektif pendidikan dan penguatan karakter masyarakat. Tujuan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini adalah memberikan penyuluhan edukatif kepada masyarakat tentang peran dan fungsi majelis taklim sebagai wadah pendidikan dan penguatan karakter masyaraka. Kegiatan Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Ciwaru, Kecamatan Ciemas, Sukabumi, dengan metode berbasis penyuluhan, diskusi, sesi tanya jawab, analisis respons peserta, dan dokumentasi aktivitas. Sasaran dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah masyarakat setempat, termasuk tokoh agama, pengurus Majelis Taklim, guru, dan orang tua. Dengan melibatkan kategorisasi data berdasarkan tema-tema utama, seperti toleransi, pengembangan ekonomi, dan penguatan silaturahmi. Dengan kegiatan ini peran dan fungsi majelis taklim meningkat di masyarakat sekaligus memberikan wawasan yang mendalam tentang dinamika sosial dan keagamaan masyarakat Desa Ciwaru, yang menjadi dasar untuk merancang rekomendasi peningkatan peran Majelis Taklim.
Diversifikasi Sumber Pendapatan Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Nelayan Kampung Tambak Reja Kabupaten Cilacap
Authors: Muhaimin Muhaimin , Windianingsih Agustin
Published: January 2025

Kabupaten Cilacap, dengan populasi sekitar 2 juta jiwa, dikenal sebagai wilayah pesisir penghasil ikan terbesar di Pulau Jawa. Sebagian besar masyarakatnya menggantungkan hidup pada sektor perikanan, namun perekonomian nelayan di Kampung Tambak Reja masih tergolong rendah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh faktor cuaca yang tidak menentu, penurunan kualitas ekosistem laut, tingginya biaya peralatan melaut, serta kurangnya perhatian dari pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya untuk memperkenalkan pentingnya diversifikasi sumber pendapatan bagi nelayan, agar mereka tidak bergantung sepenuhnya pada hasil laut dan tetap dapat bertahan dalam kondisi ekonomi yang sulit. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan mengenai alternatif pendapatan, seperti pengolahan hasil laut menjadi produk bernilai tambah dan pengelolaan pariwisata berbasis masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan dan diskusi kelompok kecil dengan para nelayan. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas nelayan mulai memahami pentingnya diversifikasi pendapatan untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada sektor perikanan. Diharapkan, dengan adanya diversifikasi, kesejahteraan nelayan di Kampung Tambak Reja dapat meningkat secara berkelanjutan.
The Effectiveness of Constitutional Supervision Judges by the Constitutional Court Honorary Council
Authors: Fernanda Diah Ayu , Jabbar Achmad Arbi' Nur Badrotin , Rachmaddany Saifullah Yudha Noorman , Maghfiroh Ajeng Ayu
Published: January 2025

After the Judicial Commission is no longer an institution that carries out the function of supervising the behavior of constitutional judges, and the existence of the Constitutional Court Ethics Council in 2020 was abolished. The supervisory institution of the Constitutional Court is currently only held by the MKMK, which is only on an ad hoc or temporary basis. This research will examine the effectiveness of the MKMK's role in supervising constitutional judges. The method used in this research is normative juridical. The results of this research provide an illustration that constitutional judges need to have a supervisory institution, this of course starts from the freedom that judges have so that it is not misused. This research succeeded in showing that the MKMK decision Number 2/MKMK/L/11/2023, which states that the Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court is proven to have committed a serious violation of the provisions of ethics and behaviour of constitutional judges, then given the sanction of removal as chairman of the Constitutional Court, without being accompanied by dismissal as a constitutional judge, raises issues regarding the absence of legal certainty and clarity of the supervisory institution of the behaviour of constitutional judges as well as the effectiveness of MKMK in carrying out its supervisory duties.
Norm Clash in Lex Superior Derogate Legi Inferiori Principle's Implementation on Circular Letters and Laws
Authors: Wijayanti Sri , Sari Zeti Nofita , Salam Safrin , Firdaus Arif Ananda
Published: January 2025

A circular letter is a legal product classified as a beleidregel issued by a specific institution, which is general and serves to support certain policies without contradicting the law. This research discusses two important aspects related to: the implication of the principle of lex superior derogat legi inferiori and the conflict of norms between Circular Letters and the Law. This study aims to analyze how the principle is applied in enacting Circular Letters and its impact on the hierarchy of laws and regulations in Indonesia. The research method used is a normative study with a legislative approach and case analysis. The results show that Circular Letters often ignore the principle of lex superior derogat legi inferiori by overriding regulations that have a higher position, which causes norm clashes. This creates legal uncertainty and harms public trust in the legal system. As a legal product, circular letters should comply with the freies ermessen principle to provide flexibility, but still within the corridors of applicable law. In conclusion, stricter supervision is needed to prepare Circular Letters to ensure compliance with the regulatory hierarchy. The recommendation of this research is to strengthen the testing mechanism and understanding of legal principles in drafting Circular Letters to maintain the integrity of the legal system.
PENDAMPINGAN MASYARAKAT DESA AKEKOLANO DALAM MENGHADAPI ERA DAKWAH DIGITAL MELALUI PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT
Authors: Burhan Burhan , Tohe Ansar , Rafa'al Mubaddilah , Amalia Niila Khair
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the community mentoring program in Desa Akekulano in facing the era of digital preaching. The goal of this program is to enhance the understanding and skills of the village community in utilizing digital media for da'wah activities. The methods used include counseling, training, and mentoring for community groups in the village. The results obtained show an increase in the knowledge and ability of the community in using digital platforms for preaching, as well as an increase in the number of digital preaching activities in the village. Through the training provided, the community not only understands the potential of digital media but also the importance of ethics in information dissemination. Although hallenges in infrastructure and digital literacy still exist, the community is beginning to show positive changes in utilizing social media to spread peaceful and inspirational Islamic messages.Keywords: Media; Da'wah; Digital.
INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB BERTEKNOLOGI ARTIFICIAL INTELLEGENCE
Authors: Sarif Suharia , Paputungan Moh Zulkifli , Samad Musdelifa Abu
Published: January 2025

Arabic language learning in Indonesia, especially in Islamic educational institutions, faces challenges in conventional and less attractive teaching methods. Innovation through Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is expected to improve learning effectiveness. This activity uses an interactive training method for students at MTs Al Huda Gorontalo City, integrating AI-based applications that support speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills. The results of the implementation showed significant improvements in students‘ motivation and Arabic language skills, as well as teachers’ ability to provide faster and more personalised feedback. The discussion revealed that the use of chatbots and voice recognition applications provided an interactive and enjoyable learning experience. The implication of this innovation is the strengthening of the quality of Arabic language education, as well as being a model for other institutions in optimising technology-based learning in the digital era.Keywords: Learning innovation; Arabic language; Artificial intelligence.