bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal and Amygdalar Morphological Abnormalities in Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Three Chinese MRI Datasets
Authors: Wei Yuanyuan , Huang Nianwei , Liu Yong , Zhang Xi , Wang Silun , Tang Xiaoying
Published: February 2021

Background:

Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its early stage, the mild cognitive
impairment (MCI), has important scientific, clinical and social significance. Magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) based statistical shape analysis provides an opportunity to detect regional structural
abnormalities of brain structures caused by AD and MCI.

Objective:

In this work, we aimed to employ a well-established statistical shape analysis pipeline, in
the framework of large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping, to identify and quantify the regional
shape abnormalities of the bilateral hippocampus and amygdala at different prodromal stages of
AD, using three Chinese MRI datasets collected from different domestic hospitals.

Methods:

We analyzed the region-specific shape abnormalities at different stages of the neuropathology
of AD by comparing the localized shape characteristics of the bilateral hippocampi and amygdalas
between healthy controls and two disease groups (MCI and AD). In addition to group comparison
analyses, we also investigated the association between the shape characteristics and the Mini Mental
State Examination (MMSE) of each structure of interest in the disease group (MCI and AD combined)
as well as the discriminative power of different morphometric biomarkers.

Results:

We found the strongest disease pathology (regional atrophy) at the subiculum and CA1 subregions
of the hippocampus and the basolateral, basomedial as well as centromedial subregions of the
amygdala. Furthermore, the shape characteristics of the hippocampal and amygdalar subregions exhibiting
the strongest AD related atrophy were found to have the most significant positive associations
with the MMSE. Employing the shape deformation marker of the hippocampus or the amygdala for
automated MCI or AD detection yielded a significant accuracy boost over the corresponding volume
measurement.

Conclusion:

Our results suggested that the amygdalar and hippocampal morphometrics, especially
those of shape morphometrics, can be used as auxiliary indicators for monitoring the disease status of
an AD patient.
Alzheimer’s Disease and its Related Dementia Types: A Review on Their Management Via Nanotechnology Based Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Siafaka Panoraia I. , Mutlu Gökce , Okur Neslihan Ü.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Dementia and its related types such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia
and mixed dementia belong to brain associated diseases, resulting in long-term progressive memory
loss. These diseases are so severe that can affect a person's daily routine. Up to date, treatment of
dementia is still an unmet challenge due to their complex pathophysiology and unavailable efficient
pharmacological approaches. The use of nanotechnology based pharmaceutical products could possibly
improve the management of dementia given that nanocarriers could more efficiently deliver drugs to
the brain.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to provide the current nanotechnology based drug delivery systems
for the treatment of various dementia types. In addition, the current diagnosis biomarkers for the
mentioned dementia types along with their available pharmacological treatment are being discussed.

Methods:

An extensive review of the current nanosystems such as brain drug delivery systems against
Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia was performed. Moreover, nanotheranostics
as possible imaging markers for such dementias were also reported.

Results:

The field of nanotechnology is quite advantageous for targeting dementia given that nanoscale
drug delivery systems easily penetrate the blood brain barrier and circulate in the body for prolonged
time. These nanoformulations consist of polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured
lipid carriers, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and liquid crystals. The delivery of the nanotherapeutics
can be achieved via various administration routes such as transdermal, injectable, oral,
and more importantly, through the intranasal route. Nonetheless, the nanocarriers are mostly limited to
Alzheimer’s disease targeting; thus, nanocarriers for other types of dementia should be developed.

Conclusion:

To conclude, understanding the mechanism of neurodegeneration and reviewing the current
drug delivery systems for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia types are significant for medical
and pharmaceutical society to produce efficient therapeutic choices and novel strategies based on multifunctional
and biocompatible nanocarriers, which can deliver the drug sufficiently into the brain.
RAGE Isoforms, its Ligands and their Role in Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Chellappa Rani C. , Palanisamy Rani , Swaminathan Karthikeyan
Published: February 2021

Receptor for Advanced Glycation End product (RAGE) plays a crucial role in a variety of
physiological and pathological processes due to its ability to bind a broad repertory of ligands. There
are also multiple forms of RAGE that exist; some work on promoting feed-forward pathways while
others perform inhibitory actions. This review focuses on the RAGE isoforms expression, its
intracellular pathways activation via RAGE- ligand interaction, and its importance in the physiological
and pathological process of the brain. Many studies have suggested that RAGE induces the
pathophysiological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by being an intermediator of inflammation
and inducer of oxidative stress. The critical roles played by RAGE in AD include its involvement in
amyloid-beta (Aβ) production, clearance, synaptic impairment, and neuronal circuit dysfunction.
RAGE-Aβ interaction also mediates the bi-directional crosstalk between peripheral and central
systems. This interaction underlies a potential molecular pathway that disrupts the material structure
and physiology of the brain. This review highlights the structure-function relation for RAGEAβ
interaction and the role of RAGE as a potential target in the development of treatments for AD.
Relationship of Neurofilament Light (NfL) and Cognitive Performance in a Sample of Mexican Americans with Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Authors: Hall James R. , Johnson Leigh A. , Peterson Melissa , Julovich David , Como Tori , O’Bryant Sid E.
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

This study characterized the relationship between plasma NfL and cognition
in a community-based sample of older Mexican Americans.

Methods:

544 participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests and were diagnosed using
clinical criteria. NfL was assayed using Simoa. NfL levels across groups and tests were analyzed.

Results:

Difference in NfL was found between normal and impaired groups and was related to global
cognition, processing speed, executive functions and a list of learning tasks with a significant negative
effect for all diagnostic groups. NfL had a negative impact on processing speed, attention, executive
functions and delayed and recognition memory for both normal and MCI groups.

Discussion:

The research supports plasma NfL as a marker of cognitive impairment related to neurodegenerative
processes in Mexican Americans and may be a marker of early changes in cognition in
those with normal cognition and at risk for developing MCI.
Prediction of Protein Structural Classes: Features Extraction to Classification Algorithm
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Yang Zhenyu , Wang Yaoxin , Dai Qi
Published: February 2021

The fast growth of protein sequencing and protein structure data has promoted the development
of the protein structural class prediction. Several prediction methods have been proposed to
study protein folding rate, DNA binding sites, as well as reducing the search of conformational
space and realizing the prediction of tertiary structure. This paper introduces the current approaches
of protein structural class prediction and emphasizes their steps from information extraction to
classification algorithms.
Critical Congenital Heart Disease in Neonates: A Review Article
Authors: Taksande Amar , Jameel Patel Zeeshan
Published: February 2021

Critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) are serious malformations that remain to be an important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The clinical presentations of CCHD are shock, cyanosis, or respiratory distress, which may be similar to that of other neonatal conditions. Failure to diagnose these conditions early on after birth may result in acute cardiovascular collapse and death. Screening with routine pulse oximetry is efficient in distinguishing newborns with CCHD and other hypoxemic illnesses, which may otherwise be potentially life-threatening. If the cardiovascular system cannot be observed by echocardiography, then treatment with continuous prostaglandin-E1(PGE1) infusion should be started in any newborn whose condition deteriorates in the first few days of life. This review aims to provide a concise summary of the presentation and management of various CCHDs and to emphasize the role of timely diagnosis in the management.
GST T1, M1, and IRS-1 G972R Genetic Variants Association to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Egyptian Women: Linkage to Maternal Hyperglycemia
Authors: Barseem Naglaa Fathy , Khattab Essam , Dawood Ragab , Mohamed Sally
Published: February 2021

Background:

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) shares in part the pathogenic mechanisms
of multiple genetic interactions. Some of the T2D susceptibility genes are encountered in association
with GDM.

Objective:

We aimed to investigate GST T1, M1, and G972R IRS-I gene polymorphisms with the
risk of developing GDM.

Patients and methods:

In this randomized case-control study, pregnant women with GDM were
genotyped by PCR analysis for glutathione s-transferase-T1, M1 variant polymorphisms. RFLP
was done for the G972R IRS 1 gene. Their newborns were additionally assayed for the whole of
the clinical, laboratory, and genetic aspects.

Results:

The T allele IRS-1rs1801278 TT genotype was more frequently detected in GDM mothers
in comparison to healthy control ones [for TT homozygous variant; OR(CI 95%): 2.05(1.09-3.87,
p: 0.025)]. Furthermore, GST T1 null was significantly presented in GDM mothers than those of
control mothers [OR (CI95%: 0.29 (0.084-1.02), p:0.04]. Added to the significant correlation of
glycemic indices to clinical parameters of infants born to GDM, the M1-null genotype of GST was
significantly correlated (p<0.05) to abnormal values of respiratory rates and 1 minute-APGAR
score noted for extra NICU care.

Conclusion:

Our results suggested that GST T1null and IRS-1 TT genotypic variants were claimed
for GDM development among Egyptian women with a possible impact on their newly born infants.
A Comparison of CT Manifestations Between Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Other Types of Viral Pneumonia
Authors: Mao Haixia , Li Xiaoshan , Lin Xiaoming , Zhou Lijuan , Zhang Xiuping , Cao Yang , Jiang Yilun , Chen Hongwei , Fang Xiangming , Gu Lan
Published: February 2021

Background:

Though imaging manifestations of COVID-19 and other types of viral
pneumonia are similar, their clinical treatment methods differ. Accurate, non-invasive diagnostic
methods using CT imaging can help develop an optimal therapeutic regimen for both conditions.

Objectives:

To compare the initial CT imaging features in COVID-19 with those in other types of viral
pneumonia.

Methods:

Clinical and imaging data of 51 patients with COVID-19 and 69 with other types of viral
pneumonia were retrospectively studied. All significant imaging features (Youden index >0.3)
were included for constituting the combined criteria for COVID-19 diagnosis, composed of two or
more imaging features with a parallel model. McNemar's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was
used to compare the validity indices (sensitivity and specificity) among various criteria.

Results:

Ground glass opacities (GGO) dominated density, peripheral distribution, unilateral lung,
clear margin of lesion, rounded morphology, long axis parallel to the pleura, vascular thickening,
and crazy-paving pattern were more common in COVID-19 (p <0.05). Consolidation-dominated
density, both central and peripheral distributions, bilateral lung, indistinct margin of lesion, tree-inbud
pattern, mediastinal or hilar lymphadenectasis, pleural effusion, and pleural thickening were
more common in other types of viral pneumonia (p < 0.05). GGO-dominated density or long axis
parallel to the pleura (with the highest sensitivity), and GGO-dominated density or long axis parallel
to the pleura or vascular thickening (with the highest specificity) are well combined criteria of
COVID-19.

Conclusion:

The initial CT imaging features are helpful for the differential diagnosis of
COVID-19 and other types of viral pneumonia.
A Review on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Treatment for Epilepsy
Authors: Ghanta Mohan Krishna , Merchant Neha , Bhaskar Lakkakula V.K.S.
Published: February 2021

Epilepsy responds to pharmacotherapy in its initial stages. The response of some forms
of epilepsy, like the refractory epilepsy, is extremely low. Surgical management of epilepsy is associated
with complications, which necessitates the search for novel and modern strategies for the
treatment of epilepsy. Neuroprotection and neuronal regeneration are the major targets that must be
accomplished by the new strategies. Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSCs) therapy for epilepsy has
shown promising results in pre-clinical studies with marginal clinical effects. This review explores
the characteristics, mechanism of action, and clinical significance of HSCs therapy for the treatment
of epilepsy.
A Novel Natural Polymers Based Nanoparticles Gel Formulation for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Optimization and In-vivo Evaluation
Authors: Chaudhary Sushma , Singh Manjul Pratap , Rao Chandana Venkateaswara , Rawat Ajay Kumar Singh
Published: February 2021

Background:

In 1988, the US Food and Drug Administration permitted low dose methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis that would change the progression of the disease. Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist and its systemic use causes numerous side effects; including hepatic toxicity. It would be preferable to deliver methotrexate by the topical route to reduce side-effects along with ease of administration and reduced dosing frequency. So, nanoparticle gel is a hopeful approach to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective:

The study aims to develop a nanoparticles gel containing novel natural polymer-based methotrexate nanoparticles and evaluate its therapeutic potential on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant– Induced Arthritis rat model and compare it to methotrexate and dexamethasone gel.

Materials and Methods:

The five batches of methotrexate nanoparticles gel were prepared viz. F1W2, F2W2, F3W2, F4W2 and methotrexate gel for the topical application by using different concentrations of Carbopol 934 base and characterized for their evaluation parameters: homogeneity, grittiness, pH, spread-ability, viscosity determination, and drug content studies. The arthritic potential of methotrexate-nanoparticles gel was evaluated by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant–Induced Arthritis rats model based on percent inhibition oedema and arthritic score.

Result and Discussion:

Methotrexate nanoparticles gel significantly reduced the percentage inhibition of oedema compared to methotrexate and dexamethasone gel. The therapeutic activity of nanoparticles gel was found to be F3W2 ≥ F2W2 ≥ F1W2 ≥ F4W2 ≥ MTX gel. So, the optimized nanoparticle gel formulation F3W2 can be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusion:

The developed novel nanoparticles gel formulation can be a promising alternative to existing methotrexate and dexamethasone gel.
A Comprehensive Survey on Current Literature, Standards, Applications
and Projects of Self-Organizing Aerial Ad Hoc Network (AANET) in
Smart Cities
Authors: Ali Qutaiba Ibrahim , Qassab Mustafa Siham
Published: February 2021

In the last few decades, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been introduced
aiming to bring more comfort to human life by integrating smartness into daily objects,
resulting in the idea of the smart city. Guaranteeing the well-being of residents and assessing industry
and urban planning from an ecological and sustainable perspective are the main goals for the
smart city. Great potentials are brought to the public and civil areas by the Aerial Ad Hoc Network
(AANET) concept, especially in applications that are risky to human lives. AANET, like any emerging
technology, comes with many challenges that have to be overcome to be employed efficiently.
In this paper, we make a detailed survey on current literature, standards, and projects of selforganizing
AANET in smart cities. Also, we intend to present a profound knowledge of this active
research area by identifying features, design characteristics, architectures, routing protocols, and
security aspects for the design and implementation of self-organizing AANET. Furthermore, we
discuss existing solutions, indicate assessment metrics along with current applications, and highlight
the main research scope for further developments. This article surveys the work done toward
AANET-related outstanding issues, intending to encourage further research in this field.
A viagem entre o feitiço e a maldição
Authors: Matos Mário
Published: February 2021

This contribution focuses on the multifaceted conceptualization of travel in Western cultural history. Several discourses will be addressed that, over time, have oscillated between the sceptical and restrictive on the one hand, and the truly admiring perspectives of the journey on the other. A number of visions of the phenomenon of travel under the binomial spell/curse will be analysed. The different contexts and historical factors that determined the value of travel will be exposed, from its great power of attraction to its restriction by inward looking religious and political systems.
Trije stúdzjes oer Obe Postma. Oer Dreaun fan ierde’ dream fan Philippus Breuker yn ferhâlding ta In libben dat bloeide nei syn aard fan Tineke Steenmeijer-Wielenga en Geart van der Meer
Authors: Veenbaas J.
Published: February 2021

In a short period of time two biographies of the Frisian poet Obe Postma were published. In 2017 Obe Postma. In libben dat bloeide nei syn aard appeared, a book consisting of two parts: a life story of Postma by Tineke Steenmeijer-Wielenga, entitled „Al wat ik skriuw, dat is wier bard‟, and a series of articles by Geart van der Meer, mostly about Postma‟s poetry and translations, called „Fier haw ik myn dreamen weide/ En de himmel iepen sjoen‟. One year later, in 2018, Philippus Breuker published another sizeable biography: Dreaun fan ierde‟ dream. In this article it is argued that Breuker‟s new book is in many ways very rich and instructive. His analysis of Postma‟s philosophical world view is excellent and hischapters about the poet‟s studies of Frisian history are probably unsurpassable. Still, Steenmeijer-Wielenga‟s biography also has certain unique qualities. She brings the poet to life in an empathetic way, often by means of well-chosen quotations from Postma‟s letters or articles. Besides, her book has a fine composition and is elegantly written. Van der Meer‟s articles sometimes miss subtlety, especially when he comments on Postma‟s religious outlook or on the technical aspects of his poetry. But he too adds valuable views, for instance when he notices a permanent paradox betweenPostma‟s search for an all-encompassing whole and his passionate love for sensory details. Together, these three books form an impressive enrichment of the study material about this great Frisian poet.
Usability, Usefulness, and Acceptance of a Novel, Portable Rehabilitation System (mRehab) Using Smartphone and 3D Printing Technology: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Bhattacharjya Sutanuka , Cavuoto Lora Anne , Reilly Brandon , Xu Wenyao , Subryan Heamchand , Langan Jeanne
Published: February 2021

Background

Smart technology use in rehabilitation is growing and can be used remotely to assist clients in self-monitoring their performance. With written home exercise programs being the commonly prescribed form of rehabilitation after discharge, mobile health technology coupled with task-oriented programs can enhance self-management of upper extremity training. In the current study, a rehabilitation system, namely mRehab, was designed that included a smartphone app and 3D-printed household items such as mug, bowl, key, and doorknob embedded with a smartphone. The app interface allowed the user to select rehabilitation activities and receive feedback on the number of activity repetitions completed, time to complete each activity, and quality of movement.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the usability, perceived usefulness, and acceptance of the mRehab system by individuals with stroke and identify the challenges experienced by them when using the system remotely in a home-based setting.

Methods

A mixed-methods approach was used with 11 individuals with chronic stroke. Following training, individuals with stroke used the mRehab system for 6 weeks at home. Each participant completed surveys and engaged in a semistructured interview. Participants’ qualitative reports regarding the usability of mRehab were integrated with their survey reports and quantitative performance data.

Results

Of the 11 participants, 10 rated the mRehab system between the 67.5th and 97.5th percentile on the System Usability Scale, indicating their satisfaction with the usability of the system. Participants also provided high ratings of perceived usefulness (mean 5.8, SD 0.9) and perceived ease of use (mean 5.3, SD 1.5) on a 7-point scale based on the Technology Acceptance Model. Common themes reported by participants showed a positive response to mRehab with some suggestions for improvements. Participants reported an interest in activities they perceived to be adequately challenging. Some participants indicated a need for customizing the feedback to be more interpretable. Overall, most participants indicated that they would like to continue using the mRehab system at home.

Conclusions

Assessing usability in the lived environment over a prolonged duration of time is essential to identify the match between the system and users’ needs and preferences. While mRehab was well accepted, further customization is desired for a better fit with the end users.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04363944; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04363944
Relationship Between Coronavirus-Related eHealth Literacy and COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among US Adults: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: An Lawrence , Bacon Elizabeth , Hawley Sarah , Yang Penny , Russell Daniel , Huffman Scott , Resnicow Ken
Published: February 2021

Background

During a global pandemic, it is critical that the public is able to rapidly acquire new and accurate health information. The internet is a major source of health information. eHealth literacy is the ability of individuals to find, assess, and use health information available on the internet.

Objective

The goals of this study were to assess coronavirus-related eHealth literacy and examine the relationship between eHealth literacy and COVID-19−related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs).

Methods

We conducted a web-based survey of a representative sample of 1074 US adults. We adapted the 8-item eHealth Literacy Scale to develop the Coronavirus-Related eHealth Literacy Scale (CoV-eHEALS) to measure COVID-19−related knowledge, conspiracy beliefs, and adherence to protective behaviors (eg, wearing facial masks and social distancing). Our analyses identified sociodemographic associations with the participants’ CoV-eHEALS scores and an association between the CoV-eHEALS measure and COVID-19 KAPs.

Results

The internal consistency of the adapted CoV-eHEALS measure was high (Cronbach α=.92). The mean score for the CoV-eHEALS was 29.0 (SD 6.1). A total of 29% (306/1074) of the survey participants were classified as having low coronavirus-related eHealth literacy (CoV-eHEALS score <26). Independent associations were found between CoV-eHEALS scores and ethnicity (standardized β=–.083, P=.016 for Black participants) and education level (standardized β=–.151, P=.001 for participants with high-school education or lower). Controlling for demographic characteristics, CoV-eHEALS scores demonstrated positive independent associations with knowledge (standardized β=.168, P<.001) and adherence to protective behaviors (standardized β=.241, P<.001) and a negative association with conspiracy beliefs (standardized β=–.082, P=.009).

Conclusions

This study provides an estimate of coronavirus-related eHealth literacy among US adults. Our findings suggest that a substantial proportion of US adults have low coronavirus-related eHealth literacy and are thus at a greater risk of lower and less-protective COVID-19 KAPs. These findings highlight the need to assess and address eHealth literacy as part of COVID-19 control efforts. Potential strategies include improving the quality of health information about COVID-19 available on the internet, assisting or simplifying web-based search for information about COVID-19, and training to improve general or coronavirus-specific search skills.
Adoption of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: A Balance Between Privacy and Effectiveness
Authors: Seto Emily , Challa Priyanka , Ware Patrick
Published: February 2021

With the relative ubiquity of smartphones, contact tracing and exposure notification apps have been looked to as novel methods to help reduce the transmission of COVID-19. Many countries have created apps that lie across a spectrum from privacy-first approaches to those that have very few privacy measures. The level of privacy incorporated into an app is largely based on the societal norms and values of a particular country. Digital health technologies can be highly effective and preserve privacy at the same time, but in the case of contact tracing and exposure notification apps, there is a trade-off between increased privacy measures and the effectiveness of the app. In this article, examples from various countries are used to highlight how characteristics of contract tracing and exposure notification apps contribute to the perceived levels of privacy awarded to citizens and how this impacts an app’s effectiveness. We conclude that finding the right balance between privacy and effectiveness, while critical, is challenging because it is highly context-specific.
Evaluating the state-of-the-art in missing data imputation for clinical data (Preprint)
Authors: Luo Yuan
Published: February 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

The Data Analytics Challenge on Missing data Imputation (DACMI) presented a shared clinical dataset with ground truth for evaluating and advancing the state-of-the-art in imputing missing data for clinical time series. The challenge attracted 12 international teams spanning three continents across multiple industries and academia. The challenge participating systems practically advanced the state-of-the-art with considerable margins, and their designing principles will inform future efforts to better model clinical missing data.
Peningkatan visceral adiposity index berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik remaja obesitas
Authors: Dieny Fillah Fithra , Jauharany Firdananda Fikri , Tsani A Fahmy Arif , Fitranti Deny Yudi
Published: February 2021

The increased visceral adiposity index associated with metabolic syndrome in obese adolescentsBackground: Metabolic syndrome is a complex risk factor of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type II. Metabolic syndrome scores are calculated to describe the severity of the risk of metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue is an independent risk factor for metabolic changes related to metabolic syndrome. One indicator to calculate the distribution and fat function is through the calculation of the visceral adiposity index (VAI).Objective: Analyzing the correlation of VAI with metabolic syndrome score in adolescents in the City of Semarang.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 95 obese adolescents in Semarang City aged 12-17 years who were selected by consecutive sampling method. The inclusion criteria were students aged 12-17 years; subjects were obese based on BMI for age (BMI/U > 95th percentile CDC 2000 curves); not in chronic pain or the care of a doctor; and not on a certain diet. Data collected were waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, fasting blood sugar levels, triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Metabolic syndrome scores are calculated using metabolic syndrome risk score (cMets). VAI is calculated to measure fat distribution and dysfunction. Correlation of VAI with metabolic syndrome and the component was analyzed with the Spearman test.Results: VAI score has a range of 1.8-14.9 with a greater mean in female subjects. The metabolic syndrome score has a range of -5.9 to 6.3 with a greater mean in male subjects. The Spearman correlation test showed a significant relationship between VAI and HDL levels (r=-0.427), triglyceride levels (r=0.914), and metabolic syndrome scores (r=0.439) in male, and HDL levels (r=-0.427), triglyceride levels (r=0.955), WC (r=0.346), and metabolic syndrome scores (r=0.691) in female.Conclusions: VAI has a significant relationship with the metabolic syndrome score which indicates the body's metabolic profile which is getting worse, so the body's metabolic profile can be described from the magnitude of VAI.
Pengaruh Waktu Distilasi Minyak Biji Pala (Myristica fragrans) dengan Metode Distilasi Uap dan Identifikasi Komponen Kimiawi
Authors: Astuti Rini
Published: February 2021

Tanaman Pala (Myristica fragrans) adalah tanaman asli Indonesia. Indonesia merupakan negara pengekspor biji dan fuli terbesar di dunia. Biji Pala menghasilkan fixed oil 20-40% yang terdiri dari asam miristat, trimiristin dan gliserida dari asam laurat, stearat dan palmitat. Diperoleh kandungan minyak terbanyak pada lama distilasi 3 jam.Trimiristisin yang terkandung dalam biji pala mencapai 85% dan dimanfaatkan pada industri kosmetik. Minyak atsiri dari biji pala diperoleh dengan metode distilasi uap dan dianalisis komponen kimia minyak atsiri dengan metode GC-MS. . Dalam penelitian ini, lama waktu distilasi yang dilakukan adalah 1 jam, 2 jam dan 3 jam. Diperoleh minyak 1ml , 1,5 ml dan 1,8 ml. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh minyak atsiri yang terbanyak 1,8 ml pada waktu 3 jam lama distilasi uap dan  berwarna kuning jernih dan beraroma khas pala. Identifikasi komponen kimiawi dengan metode GC-MS menunjukkan minyak atsiri biji pala hasil isolasi mengandung Sabinene (42,76%), α-Pinene (3,61%), cyclobutane (15,01%), β Phelladrene (6,94%); Gamma Terpinene (5,41%), Terpinolene(1%); Terpineol-4 (4,98%), Safrene (4,12%); α Phellandrene (3,32%); Myristicin (0,95%).
Rancang Bangun 7-Band Graphic Equalizer Sebagai Penunjang Praktikum Dasar Sistem Komunikasi
Authors: Supriyanto Eko , Ratri Aestatica
Published: February 2021

Rangkaian Filter merupakan salah satu rangkaian yang sangat penting baik dibidang audio maupun telekomunikasi. Oleh karena itu pengetahuan tentang rangkian filter ini perlu diajarkan kepada mahasiswa pada saat praktikum. Baik itu dari jenis filter, cara merancang hingga bagaimana cara mengukur dan menggambarkan karakteristik dari filter itu sendiri. Pada penelitian ini, dikenalkan tentang rangkaian ekualiser. Yang merupakan pengembangan dari rangkaian filter dasar yang telah dikenalkan sebelumnya kepada mahasiswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengamati output dari rangkaian ekualiser, kemudian memplot hasil pengukurannya dalam bentuk grafik dengan skala semilog. Dan dari sini nantinya mahasiswa diharapkan bisa menganalisa output dari rangkaian ekualiser tersebut sekaligus bisa memahami salah satu bentuk modifikasi dari sebuah rangkaian filter dasar. Selanjutnya diharapkan mahasiswa bisa mengaplikasikan pengembangan rangkaian filter ini dalam sebuah kegiatan diluar praktikum.
Influence of cover splices on the stress-strain state of plate-ribbed wood-composite panels
Authors: Labudin Boris V. , Popov Egor V. , Oshchepkova Ekaterina S. , Sopilov Valery V. , Ruslanova Anastasia V. , Fukalov Alexandr A.
Published: February 2021

Wooden-composite plate-ribbed bent panels with structural plywood and oriented strand board sheathing with breaks are considered. An overview of studies researching and improving the effectiveness of different types of panels is presented. On the basis of the theory of calculation of composite rods by A.R. Rzha- nitsyn, a mathematical model has been compiled, which makes it possible to calculate the stress-strain state of these structures, taking into account the pre- sence of breaks in the sheathing and the flexibility of the mechanical fasteners of the sheathing and ribs. An equation for finding the coordinates of the most dangerous section of wooden ribs in the presence of breaks in the sheathing, which may not match with the middle of the span, is obtained. Panels with sheathing in a compressed zone with different locations of joints, symmetrically relative to the middle of the panel span are considered. Panels without joints in the skin are considered to compare the results. The graphs of the dependence of the maximum tensile stresses in the ribs in the most dangerous section and the maximum vertical displacements from the stiffness coefficient of the shear ties and the location of the breaks in the sheathing are presented. The values of the coefficients for the engineering design of panels, taking into account the decrease in the strength and deformation characteristics of the composite section of panels with breaks in the sheathing, as compared to panels with a solid sheathing, are obtained. The conclusions and recommendations, based on the results of the investigations, which can be used in the design of wooden-composite plate-ribbed structures, are formulated.
Construction of routes in augmented reality using GIS technologies
Authors: Yudin Alexandr V. , Stratienko Artem N. , Madumarov Mukhriddin M. , Myrnenko Margaryta A.
Published: February 2021

At present, one of the promising directions of development in the field of information technologies is augmented reality, which offers access to real-world data through the device's camera using an interactive data display approach. Augmented reality is widely applied in various areas of life: beginning from game applications, finishing with professional applications for briefing, training for personnel in a manufacturing sector, heavy mechanical engineering and the high-tech sector, thereby providing an opportunity to use virtual instructions for implementation of the qualified operations. Also, the main way to apply augmented reality is location service - the possibility to track the position of objects on the geographic information map in real time. The article discusses ways of constructing routes in augmented reality on the field of location service data and explores the peculiarities of application. Problems identified when applying the above method are analyzed. An example of route construction is given on the map with reference to location service data and on the stage of augmented reality with calculated coordinates of route points. Methods of converting geographical coordinates into coordinates of augmented reality scene are presented.
Understanding Cross-National Differences in Inclusive Education Coverage: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Entrich Steve R.
Published: February 2021

With the adoption and ratification of the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006, inclusive education became an international human right and a global norm. But, “Education for All” remains a worldwide challenge. It appears that some countries achieved higher inclusive education rates than others. Why this is the case has barely been empirically investigated. To address this gap, this study analyzes cross-national differences in inclusive education coverage in over 50 societies. First, the data gap is addressed by providing an overview of inclusive education rates in 52 societies. In the theoretical part of the paper, hypothetical causes for the cross-national differences are discussed from a new institutionalist perspective, before concrete, testable hypotheses are derived. Third, a secondary meta-analysis based on self-assembled data from national and international sources is conducted predicting the cross-national differences by means of ordinary least squares regressions. Findings show that national income or educational expenses have no impact on the level of institutionalization of inclusive education in a society; the cross-national differences in school inclusion are mainly due to the structural conditions of the school system and its own institutional logic (especially the degree of institutional differentiation); and the definition of what is recognized as special educational needs and promoted in a national education system largely affects the extent of inclusive education coverage. The findings of this analysis prove to be a good start for future endeavors in macro-sociological and educational analyses of international inclusive education and have major policy implications.
Macbeth Projeto
Authors: Maria Jose Martinez Sanchez  , Aleksandar Dundjerovic
Published: February 2021

Macbeth Projeto is a performing arts project that used elements of Shakespeare’s Macbeth as a framework for exploring different types of performativity. The central research question was ‘how migration of dramatic text , migratory geography deconstruction of stasis and transformation of form create different aesthetic qualities and performative experiences’? The project resulted in a series of novel rehearsal methodologies for adapting a dramatic text into a multisensorial performance via open rehearsal, creative workshops, and mixed visual and performing creative techniques. The project grew out of the researcher’s previous work with Brazilian theatre – including two co-authored books; Brazilian Collaborative Theatre ( 2017) and Brazilian Performing Arts (2019).Shakespeare’s original text was used as a framework for devising novel methodologies that combined different performance digital media methods with Brazilian collaborative contemporary theatre techniques. Rehearsals began with free collaborative improvisation workshops, out of which emerged material that was selected for further development. From this process the focus fell on the Act 3 scene 4, ‘feast’ scene. From this starting point, ‘The Party’, the relationship with Lady Macbeth, witches and ghosts became the key resources around which new narratives were developed. The research resulted in six performance cycles, each of which explored a different theatre form: Physical and group theatre; Site-specific, Solo-performance, Installation art, Augmented Reality, and Video/Performance Art (created as a remote on-line devised performance). Collaborators and co-producers with CIPA on the research project were Centrala, Digbrew (Birmingham), International Federation of Theatre Research (IFTR), VUK Theatre (Belgrade), Prague Quadrennial, AHRC, Shanghai Theatre Academy, and Teatro Os Satyros (Sao Paulo). It has been performed at the Royal Birmingham Conservatoire (UK), IFTR, Prague Quadrennial of Performance Design 2019 and as part of an AHRC UK-China Creative Industries Partnership Development Programme with Shanghai Theatre Academy, Shanghai.
DISABILITY AND SOCIAL MEDIA: EXPLORING UTILIZATION OF INSTRAGRAM PLATFORM AS A TOOL FOR DISABILITY ADVOCACY
Authors: Cahyadi Ani , Setiawan Agus
Published: February 2021

Social media such as Instagram has been a tool to facilitate subjective interests of its users, either individually or collectively. Furthermore, Instagram is an effective campaign and advocacy tool for issues like disability and inclusiveness. Therefore, this study aims to explore how this platform is used as an advocacy tool for the disabled and its relation with disability advocacy from the phenomenological approach. The respondents in this study were two actors with disabilities, while the informants were four individuals from the Banjarbilitas group that care about disabilities. Data analysis was carried out using the Social Model of Disability. The discoveries of this study lead to two main points. Firstly, Instagram as a new social media, has transformed into an important networking platform, which provides opportunities for the disabled to advocate and negotiate their existence and that of their groups in relation to equality in society. Secondly, it has provided them with basic access to job vacancies, freedom to express themselves, connect with other individuals and share information and most significantly the opportunity to facilitate both their personal and group interest in order to increase their prosperity and accessibility progressively and comprehensively.
is hypoalbuminemia a new biomarker in severe pneumonia associated with coronavirus disease 2019?
Authors: Otal Yavuz , AVCIOĞLU GAMZE , Haydar Fadime Gullu
Published: February 2021

Objective: In the present study, the importance of albumin level in
severe pneumonia due to covid 19 was investigated. Design: This was a
retrospective study. Setting:Emergency Department of Ankara City
Hospital, between 1 september 2020 and 1 february May 2021. Subjects:
Effective triage and early detection are very important for the control
and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. For this purpose the relation
between hypoalbuminemia and other acute phase reactants was compared in
severe pneumonia due to Covid-19. Main outcome measures: The data of 122
patients diagnosed with pneumonia due to Covid 19 and 60 healthy control
group were retrospectively analyzed in statistical terms in computer
medium. The cases were divided into 3 groups as Healthy Control Group,
Intubated Group, and Non-Intubated Group. The lung tomography of
patients diagnosed with Covid 19 pneumonia was examined one-by-one. The
RT-PCR (Real-Time Polymerized Chance Reaction) test results were
recorded from the system. The albumin, WBC (White Blood Cell), N/L
(Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio), CRP (C-Reactive Protein) levels, who are
acute phase reactant levels, of the patients were compared with the
Control Group. Also, the two groups who were intubated and not intubated
were also compared. Results: When all the data were examined, it was
found that the albumin levels were lower at statistically significant
levels in all 3 study groups (p<0.01). The other acute phase
reactants, N/L ratio and CRP levels were significantly higher
(p<0.05). Hypoalbuminemia was found to be significantly lower
as a result of the comparisons of the two groups that were intubated and
not intubated (p=0.02), and no differences were detected in terms of
other parameters (p>0.05). Conclusion: Serum albumin levels
may be lower in severe Covid 19 pneumonia. Hypoalbuminemia can be a
biomarker indicating the severity of the disease as an acute phase
reactant.
Genetic evidence supporting fibroblast growth factor 21 signalling as a pharmacological target for cardiometabolic outcomes and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Larsson Susanna , Gill Dipender
Published: February 2021

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a human metabolic hormone that is
being pursued in early stage clinical trials as pharmacological target
to treat a range of metabolic diseases. In animal models, increased
FGF21 signalling has been shown to have beneficial effects on
cardiometabolic outcomes, Alzheimer’s disease risk and lifespan.
However, studies investigating the effect of FGF21 signalling on these
clinical outcomes in humans have been inconclusive. In this study, a
genetic variant associated with higher circulating FGF21 levels was
leveraged to investigate its clinical effects in humans. Higher
genetically proxied circulating FGF21 levels were associated favourably
with lipid levels, blood pressure traits, waist-to-hip ratio, chronic
inflammation, cardiovascular outcomes, Alzheimer’s disease risk and
lifespan. These findings may be used to anticipate the effects of
pharmacologically increasing FGF21 signalling and inform the design of
further clinical trials.
Revising A Voluntary Disclosure Decision
Authors: Bagnoli Mark , Watts Susan G.
Published: February 2021

Public information that becomes available after a manager's initial voluntary disclosure decision creates incentives for her to reconsider and possibly change that decision. We show that if she has private information that is value-relevant or that impacts the firm's ability to compete in its product market, the option to revise an initial disclosure decision in the face of a public release of information alters both the initial decision and the overall frequency of disclosure. These effects are amplified if she believes that public information arrival is more likely or if the firm's value is more sensitive to it. We also show that an increase in the initial disclosure cost reduces the probability of an initial disclosure and increases the probability of a subsequent disclosure. These effects are reversed if the cost of a subsequent disclosure increases.
A Tale of Two Enforcement Venues: Determinants and Consequences of the SEC's Choice of Enforcement Venue After the Dodd-Frank Act
Authors: Zheng Xin
Published: February 2021

The Dodd-Frank Act allows the SEC to choose either an administrative proceeding or a federal court as an enforcement venue for resolving violations of federal securities laws. I examine determinants and consequences of the SEC's choice of enforcement venue after the Dodd-Frank Act. Results show that material cases are 28–35 percent more likely to be assigned to federal courts, and politically connected defendants are about 14 percent more likely to be routed to administrative proceedings. While monetary penalties by venue are statistically indifferent, politically connected defendants in administrative proceedings are associated with lower penalties. Additionally, I find that administrative proceedings process cases 27 times faster than federal courts. Results suggest the SEC's private incentives affect enforcement venue selection and possibly enforcement outcomes. The SEC is more likely to use administrative proceedings when political and economic costs are greater, and use federal courts when political and economic benefits are greater.

JEL Classifications: G18; G28; G38; M41; M48; D72.
Ncor2/PPARα-Dependent Upregulation of MCUb in the Type 2 Diabetic Heart Impacts Cardiac Metabolic Flexibility and Function
Authors: Cividini Federico , Scott Brian T. , Suarez Jorge , Casteel Darren E. , Heinz Sven , Dai Anzhi , Diemer Tanja , Suarez Jorge A. , Benner Christopher W. , Ghassemian Majid , Dillmann Wolfgang H.
Published: February 2021

The contribution of altered mitochondrial Ca2+ handling to metabolic and functional defects in type 2 diabetic (T2D) mouse hearts is not well understood. In this study, we show that the T2D heart is metabolically inflexible and almost exclusively dependent on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation as a consequence of mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) inhibitory subunit MCUb overexpression. Using a recombinant endonuclease-deficient Cas9-based gene promoter pulldown approach coupled with mass spectrometry, we found that MCUb is upregulated in the T2D heart due to loss of glucose homeostasis regulator nuclear receptor corepressor 2 repression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α as a mediator of MCUb gene expression in T2D cardiomyocytes. Upregulation of MCUb limits mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ uptake and impairs mitochondrial energy production via glucose oxidation by depressing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. Gene therapy displacement of endogenous MCUb with a dominant-negative MCUb transgene (MCUbW246R/V251E) in vivo rescued T2D cardiomyocytes from metabolic inflexibility and stimulated cardiac contractile function and adrenergic responsiveness by enhancing phospholamban phosphorylation via protein kinase A. We conclude that MCUb represents one newly discovered molecular effector at the interface of metabolism and cardiac function, and its repression improves the outcome of the chronically stressed diabetic heart.