bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Chinese Style Oligarchy System Changing?: The Assessment the Beginning of Xi Jinping From the Perspective of Elite Politics
Authors:   Asia-Europe Perspective Association, Joo Jang-Hwan
Published: June 2018

This article challenges the widely held view of the change of Chinese style oligarchy system that has also been officially named collective leadership system. This leadership system has been constructed during Jiang Zemin and Hu Jinto era, since Deng Xiaoping has designed it. This view is based on the judgement that is strengthening of Xi Jinping’ political power from th assessments of the political strength of Xi Jinping have varied widely over the year since he became China’s new top leader.
Xi Jinping really has a fast start in the political game of CCP. Gauging the political strength and policy preferences of the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) new general secretary Xi Jinping has been a major preoccupation of observers of Chinese leadership politics over the past year. Early estimates began in the summer of 2013 with the conclusion that Xi aspires to be the New Mao, enhancing his personal power at the expense of the collective leadership pattern of the Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao periods. A constant theme of Xi Jinping’s early days in office has been the fight against corruption. Starting with Xi’s inaugural press conference, in which he cited problems of corruption and discipline, he has led the charge against corruption. Especially, he very drastically have dealt with Zhou Yongkang case. This article, however, addresses the question of Xi’s power in light of the results of the 18th Central Committee’s Third Plenum in November 2013 and of other recent trends.
As a result, however, the preceding perspectives may aid in assessing Xi Jinping’s political strength more accurately and in context. Critical elements of personal political power ―factionbuilding and solid ties to the PLA brass― appear so far to be either limited or lacking, although they may emerge more clearly ahead. Also, this article argue that these perspectives can be refuted from some sides and the change of Chinese style oligarchy system has not been started at present.
La Investigación en el Desarrollo del Conocimiento Científico
Authors: Andrade Albán Noemí
Published: June 2018

Editorial que destaca la importancia de la investigación para el desarrollo científico de las Instituciones de Educación Superior
State-Organized Starvation: A Weapon of Extreme Mass Violence in Matabeleland South, 1984
Authors: Cameron Hazel
Published: June 2018

This paper explores an episode of state led extreme mass violence in Zimbabwe, commonly referred to as Gukurahundi, with a specific focus on the second phase of the campaign in Matabeleland South in early 1984. During this phase, the state targeted both the political structure of the main political opposition party of ZAPU, as well as the minority Ndebele ethnic group from which ZAPU drew much of its grassroots level political support. Between February and April 1984, the Government of Zimbabwe used food as a political and military weapon of coercion, torture, punishment, and death against the Ndebele people of Matabeleland South. Analysis of (a) transcripts of interviews with survivors and witnesses, and (b) official government communications, between the US Department of State and the American embassy in Harare during 1984, obtained by Freedom of Information (FOI) requests, sheds a critical new lens on the policy of starvation and punishment. The original sources compiled in this study provide evidence of: (1) the suffering of the innocent Ndebele victims of state crime, (2) the knowledge that was available to the Western diplomatic community, (3) the response of the US government to the atrocities, and (4) the response of the Government of Zimbabwe to the atrocities. This study concludes that the deprivation of food supplies, which formed a significant element of this state campaign, deliberately brought between 350,000 and 400,000 people to the extreme edge of starvation in contravention of international law. Corroborating reports from credible sources evidences that these Zimbabwean state crimes resulted in the death of men, women, and children from starvation and dehydration as well as through injuries and illness exacerbated by hunger and malnutrition induced by the government's strict curfew and forced starvation.
Surface morphology and phase stability of titanium irradiated with 168 MeV 136Xe ions
Authors: Kaminski Mariusz , Budzynski Piotr , Surowiec Zbigniew , Wiertel Marek , Skuratov Vladimir A.
Published: June 2018

A titanium sample was irradiated with Xe 168 MeV energy at fluences of 1 × 1014, 2.2 × 1014, and 5 × 1014 ions · m−2. Changes induced by the ions with irradiation were analysed with an atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. The irradiation at a fluence of 1 × 1014 ions · cm−2 leads to formation of hillocks with a density of 9 × 106 hillocks · cm−2. An increase in the fluence value results in disappearance of the hillocks and formation of void–dislocation lines. The changes in the surface topography are accompanied by a change in the relative content of the hcp (α) and fcc phases. The substantial changes in the crystalline structure (increased content of the fcc phase, reduction of lattice constants, changes in stresses) resulted from irradiation at a fluence of 1 × 1014 ions · cm−2. Irradiation of massive titanium samples with xenon ions at a fluence of 168 MeV 1 × 1014 ions · cm−2 at room temperature leads to a transition of ∼10% of the hexagonally closed-packed phase – hcp (α) into a face centred cubic structure (the fcc phase). Higher Xe ion fluences contribute to further reduction of lattice constants and crystallite sizes as well as reduction of the phase fcc content and lower values of stresses. It has been found for the first time that irradiation at higher fluences leads to partial recovery of the hcp (α) phase. Irradiation changes the texture of∼50% of the fcc phase crystallites.
Phase relationship of the Ag–Zr–Cr system at 1000 and 750°C
Authors: Shi Chenying , Pan Yafei , Yang Biaobiao , Liu Yuling , Liu Shuhong , Du Yong , Liang Jianlie
Published: June 2018

The isothermal sections of the Ag–Cr–Zr ternary system at 1000 and 750°C were experimentally established. A series of phases as well as their compositions and crystal structures were characterized on the annealed alloys by means of optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Our studies have detected four three-phase regions at both 1000 and 750°C. (Ag) was observed to exist in the solid state at 750°C, and in the liquid state at 1000°C. No ternary compound was found in this system. The maximal solubilities of Cr in (Ag), Ag in ZrCr2, and Cr in AgZr2 at 1000°C are 4.12, 2.13, 0.91 at.%, respectively. At 750°C, the solid solubilities of Cr in AgZr, AgZr2, and that of Ag in αZrCr2 are determined to be about 1 at.%.
АНАЛИЗ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ КОТЕЛЬНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ С КОМБИНИРОВАННОЙ ТЕПЛОУТИЛИЗАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМОЙ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ РЕЖИМАХ РАБОТЫ КОТЛА
Authors: Fialko N. , Stepanovа А. , Navrodskaya R. , Novakovskiy M.
Published: June 2018

Представлены результаты анализа работы котельной установки с комбинированной теплоутилизационной системой на основе разработанного метода, использующего эксергетический подход и методы теории линейных систем.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТОДА КВАЗИДИФФЕРЕЦИАЛЬНОЙ КАЛОРИМЕТРИИ ПРИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРИБОРА ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ТЕПЛОТЫ СГОРАНИЯ
Authors: Vorobiov L.I. , Dekusha L.V. , Nazarenko O.A. , Gryshchenko T.G.
Published: June 2018

Предложен метод квазидифферециальной калориметрии и рассмотрено его применение при реализации прибора для измерения теплоты сгорания. Рассмотрено устройство и методика настройки параметров квазидифференциального бомбового калориметра теплового потока. Прибор имеет две ячейки – основную рабочую с необходимыми размерами для размещения реакционного сосуда и компенсационную – значительно меньшего размера. Для выравнивания динамических характеристик ячеек и чувствительных элементов в калориметрический прибор введено звено коррекции сигнала чувствительного элемента компенсационной ячейки.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СЕЛЕКТИВНОСТИ ТЕПЛОВОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ СПЛАВОВ НА МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОГРЕШНОСТИ ИХ КЛАССИЧЕСКОЙ И ДВУХЦВЕТОВОЙ КОМПЕНСАЦИОННОЙ ТЕРМОМЕТРИИ
Authors: Zhukov L.F. , Petrenko D.А.
Published: June 2018

Представлено результати енергетичУстановлены значительно более высокие метрологические характеристики, по сравнению с известными решениями, предложенного метода двухцветовой компенсационной пирометрии излучения металлических сплавов со случайно изменяющейся селективностью излучения. Методические погрешности нового метода ниже погрешностей энергетической одноцветовой, а также спектрального отношения пирометрии излучения в 4,4...6,2 и 40,2 раза, соответственно.
ЦИКЛИЧЕСКАЯ МИКРОВОЛНОВАЯ СУШКА ПЛОТНОГО СЛОЯ ЗЕРНОВЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ
Authors: Boshkova I.L. , Volgusheva N.V.
Published: June 2018

Приведены результаты экспериментального исследования кинетики циклической микроволновой сушки плотного слоя зерна при различных длительностях продувки. Установлено влияние температуры воздуха при продувке слоя на основные характеристики процесса. Определены режимные параметры для оптимальной циклической сушки, установлена качественная зависимость скорости сушки в различные периоды циклов от длительности процесса.
АНАЛИЗ РАБОТОСПОСОБНОСТИ УСТАНОВКИ С КОМБИНИРОВАННОЙ ТЕПЛОУТИЛИЗАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМОЙ ДЛЯ ПОДОГРЕВА ВОДЫ И ДУТЬЕВОГО ВОЗДУХА КОТЛОАГРЕГАТА
Authors: Stepanova A.
Published: June 2018

Показана возможность использования комплексного подхода, основанного на применении методов эксергетического анализа совместно с методами теории линейных систем, для оценки работоспособности установки, включающей котел и комбинированную теплоутилизационную систему для подогрева воды и дутьевого воздуха.
ТЕПЛООБМЕН ПРИ ТЕЧЕНИИ ВОДЫ СВЕРХКРИТИЧЕСКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ В ТЕПЛОВЫДЕЛЯЮЩЕЙ СБОРКЕ В НЕСТАЦИОНАРНЫХ РЕЖИМАХ
Authors: Avramenko A.A. , Kovetskaya M.M. , Kovetskaya Yu.Yu. , Kravchuk A.V. , L.V. L.V.
Published: June 2018

Выполнено численное моделирование теплообмена при течении воды сверхкритического давления в семистержневой тепловыделяющей сборке. Проанализировано влияние изменения тепловой мощности и расхода теплоносителя на условия возникновения и развития режимов ухудшенного теплообмена.
ЯВИЩЕ ГІДРОДИНАМІЧНОЇ КАВІТАЦІЇ ЯК ДІЄВИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ ДИСПЕРГУВАННЯ ПРИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ДИСКРЕТНО-ІМПУЛЬСНОГО ВВЕДЕННЯ ЕНЕРГІЇ
Authors: Dolinsky A.A. , Avdeev L.Y. , Zhukotskyy E.K. , Makarenko A.A.
Published: June 2018

Розглянуто вплив кавітаційних явищ на інтенсифікацію процесу диспергування при реалізації механізмів ДІВЕ. Розроблений та змонтований експериментальний стенд для дослідження впливу гідродинамічної кавітації на диспергування складних гетерогенних систем. Наведені результати експериментальних досліджень впливу теплофізичних режимів диспергування системи з фосфоліпідами на властивості утворених частинок.
Penerapan Data Mining dengan Memanfaatkan Metode Association Rule untuk Promosi Produk
Authors: Rerung Rintho Rante
Published: June 2018

Dalam suatu bisnis diperlukan upaya memaksimalkan keuntungan diantaranya dengan melakukan promosi. Banyak cara yang bisa dilakukan untuk mempromosikan produk seperti dengan cara online dengan memanfaatkan media sosial Facebook dan situs-situs yang menyediakan iklan. Namun demikian, untuk memperoleh hasil yang maksimal maka perlu dilakukan perhitungan seberapa besar kemungkinan pelanggan akan tertarik terhadap produk yang ditawarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan data mining untuk promosi produk Distro Nasional. Dalam bidang keilmuan data mining, terdapat suatu metode yang dinamakan association rule. Metode ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan nilai asosiatif antara jenis-jenis produk yang dibeli oleh pelanggan sehingga terlihatlah suatu pola berupa produk apa saja yang sering dibeli oleh palanggan tersebut. Dengan mengetahui jenis produk yang sering dibeli maka dapat dibuat sebagai sebuah dasar keputusan untuk menentukan produk apa saja yang cocok untuk dipromosikan kepada pelanggan tersebut. Algoritma Apriori juga akan dipergunakan untuk menentukan frequent itemset sehingga hasil akhir yang dicapai yaitu untuk menghitung persentase ketertarikan (confindence) pelanggan terhadap produk yang ditawarkan.Kata kunci: promosi, data mining, association rule, produk In a business, there is required efforts to maximize profits include by promotion. Many ways can be conducted in promoting a product such as by using Facebook as an online social media and sites which provide advertisements. On the other hand, in gaining a maximum result is required a calculation about how big customer probability to get interested in a product offered. This study aims to apply data mining for product promotion of Distro Nasional store. In a science of data mining there is a method called association rule. This method was intended to indicate associative values among product types were bought by customers. So that, it can be seen a pattern which types of product that often bought by customers. By knowing that information it can be made as a decission base to determine which appropriate products get promotted to that customer. Apriori algorithm will also be used to determine the frequent itemset so that the final result achieved is to calculate the percentage of customer interest (confindence) on the product offered.Keywords: promotion, data mining, association rule, product
The Complexity of History
Authors: Kollmann Nancy Shields
Published: June 2018

This article finds Steven Pinker’s argument for a decline of violence too Eurocentric
and generalizing to fit all cases. Study of the early modern Russian criminal law, and
society in general, shows that different states can develop radically different approaches to
violence when influenced by some of the same factors (in this case Enlightenment values).
The centralized Muscovite autocracy in many ways relied less on official violence and exerted
better control over social violence than did early modern Europe, while at the same
time it supported violence in institutions such as serfdom, exile, and aspects of imperial
governance. Violence in the form of capital punishment declined but many aspects of social
and official violence endured. Such a differentiated approach is explained by the state’s
need to mobilize scarce human and material resources to survive and expand.
Hakemler İçin Mesleki Haz Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması-HİMHÖ
Authors: KARAÇAM Aydın , PULUR Atilla
Published: June 2018

Çalışmanın
amacı Hakemler İçin Mesleki Haz Ölçeği’nin (HİMHÖ) geliştirilmesidir. Çalışma
grubu uygun örnekleme yöntemi ile oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın örneklemini
2016-2017 sezonunda aktif hakemlik yapan 314 kişilik hakem grubu oluşturmuştur.
Bu hakemlerin %36 (n:113) basketbol, %33 (n:106) futbol, %5 (n:16) tekerlekli
sandalye basketbol, %10 (n:31) hentbol, % 10 (n:30) voleybol ve % 6 (n:18)
tenis hakemidir. Araştırmaya katılan hakem grubunun %14’ünü (n:44) kadın, %
86’sını (n:270) erkek hakemler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan hakemlerin
yaş ortalanması 26, hakemlik tecrübeleri ortalama 6 yıldır. Araştırmaya katılan
hakemlere ölçek müsabakalarının olmadığı bir zamanda yüz yüze uygulanmıştır. Verilerin
çözümlenmesi SPSS 21 ve AMOS programları kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı
geçerliği için temel bileşenler analizi ve varimax döndürme teknikleri
kullanılmıştır. HİMHÖ’nün ölçüt geçerliğini ve madde ayırt ediciliğini belirlemek
için pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon katsayısı ve t-testi kullanılmıştır.
HİMHÖ’nün ölçüt geçerliği için Karaçam ve Pulur (2017) tarafından geliştirilen Hakem
Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği (HÖYÖ) kullanılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda
toplam açıklanan varyansın %50.59 olduğu ve maddelerin tek faktör altında
toplandığı görülmüştür. Ölçek için alfa iç tutarlık katsayı .83  ve KMO değerinin .85 olduğu görülmüştür.
Ölçeğe uygulanan DFA analizi sonucunda c2/sd = 1.636
RMSEA = .07, CFI = .96, GFI = .94, AGFI = .90, RMR = .01 ve NFI = .92 olduğu
görülmüştür. HİMHÖ’nün madde toplam korelasyonlarının .56 ile .84 arasında
değişiklik gösterdiği ve t-değerlerinin tüm maddelerde anlamlı olduğu
saptanmıştır (p<.001). Ölçüt geçerliği için HİMHÖ toplam puanı ile HÖYÖ toplam puanı ve
HÖYÖ’nün alt faktörleri arasındaki korelasyon .52 ile .62 arasında
değiştiği ve bu katsayıların p = .01 düzeyinde anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlar
HİMHÖ ölçeğinin hakemlerin mesleki haz düzeylerini ölçmede geçerli ve güvenilir
olduğunu göstermektedir.
Associated Valvular Heart Diseases among ASD Patients Undergoing Surgical Repair
Authors: Roy Ratna Rani , Saha Pankaj Kumar , Yusuf Mohammad Abdullah , Saha Haridas , Hasan Md Ibnul , Sarkar Rajib Dey
Published: June 2018

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are one of the most common developmental errors in humans.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the frequencies of various types of atrial septal defect (ASD) and associated cardiovascular disorders in patients undergoing surgical repair.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients undergoing surgical repair at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) or the National Heart Foundation and Research Institute (NHF & RI) in Dhaka, during the period of July, 2010 to June, 2011. Patients presented with ASD at any age of both sexes were selected as study population. Diagnoses were revealed with echocardiography and confirmed preoperatively by registered cardiac surgeons.Results: The morphological types of ASD were ostium secundum type in 96% cases and sinus venosus type in 4% cases. Atrial septal defects were either small or larger defects associated with pulmonary hypertension in 38 (76%) cases, varying degree of tricuspid regurgitation was seen in 33 (66%) patients and dilated pulmonary artery was noted in 24 (48%) cases. Ventricular septal defect in 4 (8%) cases, tricuspid atresia in 2 (4%) cases and mitral valve prolapse in 6 (12%) cases were also observed.Conclusions: Ostium secundum type of ASD is found to be the commonest type of ASDJournal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2018;5(2):60-63
Clinical Profiles of Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage Patients: Experience of 100 Cases in Dhaka City
Authors: Rashid Md Mamnur , Islam Md Ariful , Sagir Golam , Islam Md Rafiqul , Khan Muhammad Abdul Momen , Moslehuddin Farhana , Alam Md Badrul
Published: June 2018

Background: Clinical features are the important diagnostic tools for the detection of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage patients.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the clinical profiles of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage patients.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurology at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2012 to June 2014 for a period of two (2) years. Patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage who were admitted in the Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medicine at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka were selected as study population. Both male and female patients with the age group of ≥18 years, first ever spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage and hospital admission within 48 hours of onset were included for this study. The clinical features of the study population were collected after admission of the patients like headache, hemiplegia or paresis, vomiting, and deterioration of consciousness, dysphasia, dysarthria and hemisensory loss.Result: Headache was observed the most frequent complaint in 81.0% (n=79) patients. Hemiparesis or hemiplegia was the most frequent focal neurological deficit in 69.0% (n=68) patients. Vomiting was common also 58.0% (n=57) patients. Twenty five (26.0%) respondents were presented with deterioration of consciousness. Dysphasia/aphasia was found in 15.0% patients. Convulsion was not a common presenting feature (7%).Conclusion:  In conclusion headache, vomiting and deterioration of consciousness are the most common form of clinical feature of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2018;5(2):64-67
CO2 Capture by Alkaline Solution for Carbonate Production: A Comparison between a Packed Column and a Membrane Contactor
Authors: Salmón Israel , Cambier Nicolas , Luis Patricia
Published: June 2018

A comparison between a traditional packed column and a novel membrane contactor used for CO2 absorption with carbonate production is addressed in this paper. Membrane technology is generally characterized by a lower energy consumption, it offers an independent control of gas and liquid streams, a known interfacial area and avoids solvent dragging. Those advantages make it a potential substitute of conventional absorption towers. The effect of the concentration and the flow rates of both the flue gas (10–15% of CO2) and the alkaline sorbent (NaOH, NaOH/Na2CO3) on the variation of the species present in the system, the mass transfer coefficient, and the CO2 removal efficiency was evaluated. Under the studied operation conditions, the membrane contactor showed very competitive results with the conventional absorption column, even though the highest mass transfer coefficient was found in the latter technology. In addition, the membrane contactor offers an intensification factor higher than five due to its compactness and modular character.
A Versatile Velocity Map Ion-Electron Covariance Imaging Spectrometer for High-Intensity XUV Experiments
Authors: Rading Linnea , Lahl Jan , Maclot Sylvain , Campi Filippo , Coudert-Alteirac Hélène , Oostenrijk Bart , Peschel Jasper , Wikmark Hampus , Rudawski Piotr , Gisselbrecht Mathieu , Johnsson Per
Published: June 2018

We report on the design and performance of a velocity map imaging (VMI) spectrometer optimized for experiments using high-intensity extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources such as laser-driven high-order harmonic generation (HHG) sources and free-electron lasers (FELs). Typically exhibiting low repetition rates and high single-shot count rates, such experiments do not easily lend themselves to coincident detection of photo-electrons and -ions. In order to obtain molecular frame or reaction channel-specific information, one has to rely on other correlation techniques, such as covariant detection schemes. Our device allows for combining different photo-electron and -ion detection modes for covariance analysis. We present the expected performance in the different detection modes and present the first results using an intense high-order harmonic generation (HHG) source.
MPC and PSO Based Control Methodology for Path Tracking of 4WS4WD Vehicles
Authors: Tan Qifan , Dai Penglei , Zhang Zhihao , Katupitiya Jay
Published: June 2018

Four wheel steering and four wheel drive (4WS4WD) vehicles are over-actuated systems with superior performance. Considering the control problem caused by the system nonlinearity and over-actuated characteristics of the 4WS4WD vehicle, this paper presents two methods to enable a 4WS4WD vehicle to accurately follow a predefined path as well as its reference trajectories including velocity and acceleration profiles. The methodologies are based on model predictive control (MPC) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), respectively. The MPC method generates the virtual inputs in the upper controller and then allocates the actual inputs in the lower controller using sequential quadratic programming (SQP), whereas the PSO method is proposed as a fully optimization based method for comparison. Both methods achieve optimization of the steering angles and wheel forces for each of four independent wheels simultaneously in real time. Simulation results achieved by two different controllers in following the reference path with varying disturbances are presented. Discussion about two methodologies is provided based on their theoretical analysis and simulation results.
Optimal Configuration and Path Planning for UAV Swarms Using a Novel Localization Approach
Authors: Wang Weijia , Bai Peng , Li Hao , Liang Xiaolong
Published: June 2018

In localization estimation systems, it is well known that the sensor-emitter geometry can seriously impact the accuracy of the location estimate. In this paper, time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) localization is applied to locate the emitter using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms equipped with TDOA-based sensors. Different from existing studies where the variance of measurement noises is assumed to be independent and changeless, we consider a more realistic model where the variance is sensor-emitter distance-dependent. First, the measurements model and variance model based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are considered. Then the Cramer–Rao low bound (CRLB) is calculated and the optimal configuration is analyzed via the distance rule and angle rule. The sensor management problem of optimizing UAVs trajectories is studied by generating a sequence of waypoints based on CRLB. Simulation results show that path optimization enhances the localization accuracy and stability.
Calcium-Binding Proteins with Disordered Structure and Their Role in Secretion, Storage, and Cellular Signaling
Authors: Grzybowska Ewa A.
Published: June 2018

Calcium is one of the most important second messengers and its intracellular signaling regulates many aspects of cell physiology. Calcium ions, like phosphate ions, are highly charged and thus are able to alter protein conformation upon binding; thereby they constitute key factors in signal transduction. One of the most common calcium-binding structural motifs is the EF-hand, a well-defined helix-loop-helix structural domain, present in many calcium-binding proteins (CBPs). Nonetheless, some CBPs contain non-canonical, disordered motifs, which usually bind calcium with high capacity and low affinity, and which represent a subset of proteins with specific functions, but these functions rarely involve signaling. When compared with phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction, the role of intrinsic disorder in calcium signaling is significantly less prominent and not direct. The list of known examples of intrinsically disordered CBPs is relatively short and the disorder in these examples seems to be linked to secretion and storage. Calcium-sensitive phosphatase calcineurin is an exception, but it represents an example of transient disorder, which is, nevertheless, vital to the functioning of this protein. The underlying reason for the different role of disordered proteins in the two main cellular signaling systems appears to be linked to the gradient of calcium concentration, present in all living cells.
ANN Laser Hardening Quality Modeling Using Geometrical and Punctual Characterizing Approaches
Authors: Maamri Ilyes , Barka Noureddine , El Ouafi Abderrazak
Published: June 2018

Maximum hardness and hardened depth are the responses of interest in relation to the laser hardening process. These values define heat treatment quality and have a direct impact on mechanical performance. This paper aims to develop models capable of predicting the shape of the hardness profile depending on laser process parameters for controlling laser hardening quality (LHQ), or rather the response values. An experimental study was conducted to highlight hardened profile sensitivity to process input parameters such as laser power (PL), beam scanning speed (VS) and initial hardness in the core (HC). LHQ modeling was conducted by modeling attributes extracted from the hardness profile curve using two effective techniques based on the punctual and geometrical approaches. The process parameters with the most influence on the responses were laser power, beam scanning speed and initial hardness in the core. The obtained results demonstrate that the geometrical approach is more accurate and credible than the punctual approach according to performance assessment criteria.
Copper Delafossites under High Pressure—A Brief Review of XRD and Raman Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Garg Alka B. , Rao Rekha
Published: June 2018

Delafossites, with a unique combination of electrical conductivity and optical transparency constitute an important class of materials with their wide range of applications in different fields. In this article, we review the high pressure studies on copper based semiconducting delafossites with special emphasis on their structural and vibrational properties by synchrotron based powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic measurements. Though all the investigated compounds undergo pressure induced structural phase transition, the structure of high pressure phase has been reported only for CuFeO2. Based on X-ray diffraction data, one of the common features observed in all the studied compounds is the anisotropic compression of cell parameters in ambient rhombohedral structure. Ambient pressure bulk modulus obtained by fitting the pressure volume data lies between 135 to 200 GPa. Two allowed Raman mode frequencies Eg and A1g are observed in all the compounds in ambient phase with splitting of Eg mode at the transition except for CuCrO2 where along with splitting of Eg mode, A1g mode disappears and a strong mode appears which softens with pressure. Observed transition pressure scales exponentially with radii of trivalent cation being lowest for CuLaO2 and highest for CuAlO2. The present review will help materials researchers to have an overview of the subject and reviewed results are relevant for fundamental science as well as possessing potential technological applications in synthesis of new materials with tailored physical properties.
Dislocation-Free SiGe/Si Heterostructures
Authors: Montalenti Francesco , Rovaris Fabrizio , Bergamaschini Roberto , Miglio Leo , Salvalaglio Marco , Isella Giovanni , Isa Fabio , Von Känel Hans
Published: June 2018

Ge vertical heterostructures grown on deeply-patterned Si(001) were first obtained in 2012 (C.V. Falub et al., Science2012, 335, 1330–1334), immediately capturing attention due to the appealing possibility of growing micron-sized Ge crystals largely free of thermal stress and hosting dislocations only in a small fraction of their volume. Since then, considerable progress has been made in terms of extending the technique to several other systems, and of developing further strategies to lower the dislocation density. In this review, we shall mainly focus on the latter aspect, discussing in detail 100% dislocation-free, micron-sized vertical heterostructures obtained by exploiting compositional grading in the epitaxial crystals. Furthermore, we shall also analyze the role played by the shape of the pre-patterned substrate in directly influencing the dislocation distribution.
Approaching Retinal Ganglion Cell Modeling and FPGA Implementation for Robotics
Authors: Linares-Barranco Alejandro , Liu Hongjie , Rios-Navarro Antonio , Gomez-Rodriguez Francisco , Moeys Diederik P. , Delbruck Tobi
Published: June 2018

Taking inspiration from biology to solve engineering problems using the organizing principles of biological neural computation is the aim of the field of neuromorphic engineering. This field has demonstrated success in sensor based applications (vision and audition) as well as in cognition and actuators. This paper is focused on mimicking the approaching detection functionality of the retina that is computed by one type of Retinal Ganglion Cell (RGC) and its application to robotics. These RGCs transmit action potentials when an expanding object is detected. In this work we compare the software and hardware logic FPGA implementations of this approaching function and the hardware latency when applied to robots, as an attention/reaction mechanism. The visual input for these cells comes from an asynchronous event-driven Dynamic Vision Sensor, which leads to an end-to-end event based processing system. The software model has been developed in Java, and computed with an average processing time per event of 370 ns on a NUC embedded computer. The output firing rate for an approaching object depends on the cell parameters that represent the needed number of input events to reach the firing threshold. For the hardware implementation, on a Spartan 6 FPGA, the processing time is reduced to 160 ns/event with the clock running at 50 MHz. The entropy has been calculated to demonstrate that the system is not totally deterministic in response to approaching objects because of several bioinspired characteristics. It has been measured that a Summit XL mobile robot can react to an approaching object in 90 ms, which can be used as an attentional mechanism. This is faster than similar event-based approaches in robotics and equivalent to human reaction latencies to visual stimulus.
Approach to Evaluating Accounting Informatization Based on Entropy in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Li Ming , Wei Wendan , Wang Jialin , Qi Xiaoyu
Published: June 2018

Accounting informatization is an important part of enterprise informatization. It affects the accounting and finance operational efficiency. With the comprehensive evaluation of accounting informatization from multiple aspects, we can find the strengths and weaknesses of corporate accounting informatization, which then can be improved precisely. In this paper, an evaluation approach of accounting informatization is proposed. Firstly, the evaluation index system is constructed from the aspects of strategic position, infrastructure construction, implementation of accounting informatization, informatization guarantee, and application efficiency. Considering the complexity and ambiguity of the index, experts are required to give linguistic ratings which are then converted into intuitionistic fuzzy number. Then, an entropy and cross entropy method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets is proposed to derive the weights of experts so as to reduce the error caused by personal bias. By combining the weights of the index and weighted ratings, the evaluation results are obtained. Finally, a case of accounting information evaluation is given to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
From “Goal-Orientated, Strong and Decisive Leader” to “Collaborative and Communicative Listener”. Gendered Shifts in Vice-Chancellor Ideals, 1990–2018
Authors: Peterson Helen
Published: June 2018

Applying a critical gendered lens, this article examines academic leadership ideals. It draws on a content analysis of job advertisements for Vice-Chancellors at Swedish higher education institutions from 1990 until 2018. The aim of the article is to investigate to what extent masculine or feminine wordings have been used to describe the ideal Vice-Chancellor in these documents. The analysis reveals that a shift in the leadership ideal has taken place during the time period investigated. Before this shift, during the 1990s, the ideal Vice-Chancellor was described as competitive, bold, strong, tough, decisive, driven, and assertive. These wordings are still included in the job advertisements from the 2000s and the 2010s. However, a more communicative and collaborative leadership ideal also emerges during these decades. There is thus a significant shift in how the leadership ideal is described. This shift is analyzed from a gendered perspective, suggesting that the traditional masculine-biased leadership ideal has decreased in influence with the feminine, transformational leadership ideal acting as a counterweight. The article argues that the shift in leadership ideals, as constructed in the job advertisements, mirrors the increase of women Vice-Chancellors appointed in the Swedish higher education sector.
Volatility Spillovers between Energy and Agricultural Markets: A Critical Appraisal of Theory and Practice
Authors: Chang Chia-Lin , Li Yiying , McAleer Michael
Published: June 2018

Energy and agricultural commodities and markets have been examined extensively, albeit separately, for a number of years. In the energy literature, the returns, volatility and volatility spillovers (namely, the delayed effect of a returns shock in one asset on the subsequent volatility or covolatility in another asset), among alternative energy commodities, such as oil, gasoline and ethanol across different markets, have been analysed using a variety of univariate and multivariate models, estimation techniques, data sets, and time frequencies. A similar comment applies to the separate theoretical and empirical analysis of a wide range of agricultural commodities and markets. Given the recent interest and emphasis in bio-fuels and green energy, especially bio-ethanol, which is derived from a range of agricultural products, it is not surprising that there is a topical and developing literature on the spillovers between energy and agricultural markets. Modelling and testing spillovers between the energy and agricultural markets has typically been based on estimating multivariate conditional volatility models, specifically the Baba, Engle, Kraft, and Kroner (BEKK) and dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) models. A serious technical deficiency is that the Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Estimates (QMLE) of a Full BEKK matrix, which is typically estimated in examining volatility spillover effects, has no asymptotic properties, except by assumption, so that no valid statistical test of volatility spillovers is possible. Some papers in the literature have used the DCC model to test for volatility spillovers. However, it is well known in the financial econometrics literature that the DCC model has no regularity conditions, and that the QMLE of the parameters of DCC has no asymptotic properties, so that there is no valid statistical testing of volatility spillovers. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the theory and practice in testing for volatility spillovers between energy and agricultural markets using the multivariate Full BEKK and DCC models, and to make recommendations as to how such spillovers might be tested using valid statistical techniques. Three new definitions of volatility and covolatility spillovers are given, and the different models used in empirical applications are evaluated in terms of the new definitions and statistical criteria.
Influence of High-Speed Train Power Consumption and Arc Fault Resistances on a Novel Ground Fault Location Method for 2 × 25 kV Railway Power Supply Systems
Authors: Platero Carlos A. , Serrano Jesús , López-Toledo Máximo , Granizo Ricardo
Published: June 2018

The 2 × 25 kV power supply system is the most frequently used traction rail system to provide the huge power needed by high-speed trains. However, locating the ground fault in this power supply system is more complicated than in other configurations of electrical railway power supply due to the installation of autotransformers throughout the line section. In previous papers, the authors have described a ground fault location method with an insignificant installation cost. The method and, moreover, the location discriminate between whether the ground fault is located between a positive conductor and ground or a negative conductor and ground. The current of the high-speed train influences the accuracy of the location of the ground fault. An additional factor which influences the location method is the existence of an arc resistance between the positive or negative conductor and ground. In this paper, the influence of high-speed train currents and arc resistances are analysed to evaluate the error in the location method. The major conclusion of the paper is that the location method has an acceptable precision even taking into consideration the high-speed train current and arc resistance. The validation of the method has been performed by laboratory tests and computer simulations with satisfactory results.
Investigation of Discharge Coefficients for Single Element Lean Direct Injection Modules
Authors: Yu Han , Zhu Pengfei , Suo Jianqin , Zheng Longxi
Published: June 2018

Lean direct injection (LDI) combustion has a high potential as a low pollution combustion method for gas turbines. The present research aims to further investigate the discharge coefficient of an LDI module, axial swirler and convergent outlet under non-reaction and reaction conditions by theoretical, numerical and experimental methods. The functional relationship between the discharge coefficient of the LDI module, axial swirler and convergent outlet was established, and the effect of swirl angle (30°, 32°, 34°, 36°, 38°, 40°) and vane number (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) on discharge coefficient was studied, and finally the differences in effective flow area of LDI combustor under different inlet conditions were analyzed. The results indicate that the flow separation on the suction side increases as the swirl angle increases, which leads to a decrease of the discharge coefficient of the axial swirler, however the discharge coefficient of the convergent outlet remains unchanged first and then decreases. As the vane number increases, the flow separation on the suction side decreases and the flow friction loss increases, so that the discharge coefficient of the axial swirler and convergent outlet will first increase with the increase of vane number and then decrease with further increases. The effective flow area of combustor changes as the conditions change, but it is approximately equal under high power conditions and normal temperature and pressure conditions.
Improvement in Harmonic Compensation of a Smart Charger with a Constant DC-Capacitor Voltage-Control-Based Strategy for Electric Vehicles in Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders
Authors: Nishikawa Kei , Ikeda Fuka , Okamoto Yuki , Yamada Hiroaki , Tanaka Toshihiko , Okamoto Masayuki
Published: June 2018

This paper presents an improvement in harmonic compensation performance of a previously proposed smart charger (SC) with a constant dc-capacitor voltage-control (CDCVC) strategy for electric vehicles (EVs) in single-phase three-wire distribution feeders (SPTWDFs). A controller for 3rd harmonic currents in d-q coordinates is added to the previously proposed SC. This addition improves harmonic compensation performance of the source currents. We briefly introduce harmonic current compensation using the previously proposed CDCVC-based algorithm for the SC. Then, the basic principles of the proposed controller for the 3rd harmonic currents in d-q coordinates are discussed in detail. It is shown that synchronization of the current controllers for both the fundamental and 3rd harmonic components is required. The switching frequency of a three-leg pulse-width modulated rectifier with a bidirectional dc–dc converter, which performs the SC, is determined considering the synchronization of the current controllers. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that balanced and sinusoidal source currents with a unity power factor are achieved during both battery charging and discharging operations in EVs, improving the harmonic compensation performance of the previously proposed SC. Experimental results also demonstrate that the total harmonic distortion values of source currents are improved by 8.4% and 3.6% with the proposed controller for 3rd harmonic currents, when the SC is discharging, for example.
Short-Term Forecasting for Energy Consumption through Stacking Heterogeneous Ensemble Learning Model
Authors: Khairalla Mergani A. , Ning Xu , AL-Jallad Nashat T. , El-Faroug Musaab O.
Published: June 2018

In the real-life, time-series data comprise a complicated pattern, hence it may be challenging to increase prediction accuracy rates by using machine learning and conventional statistical methods as single learners. This research outlines and investigates the Stacking Multi-Learning Ensemble (SMLE) model for time series prediction problem over various horizons with a focus on the forecasts accuracy, directions hit-rate, and the average growth rate of total oil demand. This investigation presents a flexible ensemble framework in light of blend heterogeneous models for demonstrating and forecasting nonlinear time series. The proposed SMLE model combines support vector regression (SVR), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and linear regression (LR) learners, the ensemble architecture consists of four phases: generation, pruning, integration, and ensemble prediction task. We have conducted an empirical study to evaluate and compare the performance of SMLE using Global Oil Consumption (GOC). Thus, the assessment of the proposed model was conducted at single and multistep horizon prediction using unique benchmark techniques. The final results reveal that the proposed SMLE model outperforms all the other benchmark methods listed in this study at various levels such as error rate, similarity, and directional accuracy by 0.74%, 0.020%, and 91.24%, respectively. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the ensemble model is an extremely encouraging methodology for complex time series forecasting.
A Fully Coupled Numerical Model for Microwave Heating Enhanced Shale Gas Recovery
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Jianguo , Leung Chunfai , Gao Feng
Published: June 2018

Formation heat treatment (FHT) can be achieved by converting electromagnetic energy into heat energy (that is microwave heating or MWH). Experimental evidence shows that such FHT can significantly enhance oil and gas recovery. As relatively few research studies have been reported on microwave heating enhanced shale gas recovery (MWH-EGR), a fully coupled electromagnetic-thermo-hydro-mechanical (ETHM) model is developed for the MWH-EGR in the present study. In the ETHM model, a thermal-induced gas adsorption model is firstly proposed for shale gas adsorption and fitted by experimental data. This thermal-induced adsorption model considers the increase of matrix pore space due to the desorption of the adsorbed phase. Further, a thermal-induced fracture model in shale matrix is established and fitted by experimental data. Finally, this ETHM model is applied to a fractured shale gas reservoir to simulate gas production. Numerical results indicated that the thermal-induced fracturing and gas desorption make predominant contributions to the evolution of matrix porosity. The MWH can increase cumulative gas production by 44.9% after 31.7 years through promoting gas desorption and matrix diffusion. These outcomes can provide effective insights into shale gas recovery enhancement by microwave assistance.
3-Leg Inverter Control for 2-Phase Outer Rotor Coreless Torque Actuator in Hybrid Multi-D.O.F System
Authors: Joo Kyoung Jin , Lee Gang Seok , Hong Hyun Seok , Won Sung Hong , Lee Ju
Published: June 2018

Since an existing 3-phase inner rotor torque actuator (TA) has severe torque ripples, it is not appropriate for a gimbal system that requires precise position control. Therefore, a coreless TA is considered to eliminate the core causing torque ripples. In order to compensate for several problems (e.g., problems of production structures and output degradation) when a coreless type is used, the final 2-phase outer rotor is proposed for the low vibration and high power TA in the gimbal system. To control the 2-phase TA applied to such the gimbal system, special inverter control methods, such as bi-directional drive for tilting control and control for output torque improvement, are required. The 2-phase 3-leg inverter is free of DC capacitor voltage unbalance compared to the 2-leg inverter, and is economical because it uses less power switches than the 4-leg inverter. Therefore, the 2-phase 3-leg inverter is applied to drive the 2-phase outer rotor coreless TA of a hybrid gimbal system, and it is verified through simulation.