bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplay between Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties in the p0-d Semi-Heusler Compounds: The Case of Li-Based Compounds
Authors: Özdoğan Kemal , Galanakis Iosif
Published: July 2024

Half-metallic semi-Heusler compounds (also known as half-Heusler compounds) are currently at the forefront of scientific research due to their potential applications in spintronic devices. Unlike other semi-Heuslers, the p0(d0)-d compounds do not appear to crystallize in the typical variant of the C1b structure. We investigate this phenomenon in the p0-d Heusler compounds LiYGa and LiYGe, where Y varies between Ca and Zn, using first-principles ab initio electronic band-structure calculations. We examine the electronic and magnetic properties of these compounds in relation to the three possible C1b structures. Notably, LiVGa, LiVGe, LiMnGa, and LiCrGe are half-metallic ferromagnets across all three variations of the C1b lattice structure. Our findings will serve as a foundation for future experimental studies on these compounds.
A Highly Efficient Plasmonic Polarization Conversion Metasurface Supporting a Large Angle of Incidence
Authors: Cheng Bo , Jiang Zengxuan , Zou Yuxiao , Song Guofeng
Published: July 2024

The angle of incidence of the compact polarization conversion device is crucial for practical use in integrated miniaturized optical systems. However, this index is often ignored in the design of quarter-wave plate based on metasurface. Herein, it is shown that a thick metallic cross-shaped hole array supports extraordinary optical transmission peaks controlled by a Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonator mode. The positions of these peaks have been proven to be independent over a large range of incidence angles. We numerically design a miniatured quarter-wave plate (QWP) with an 80 nm bandwidth (840~920 nm) and approximately 80% average efficiency capable of effectively functioning as a linear-to-circular (LTC) polarization converter at an incidence inclination angle of less than 30°. This angle-insensitive compact polarization conversion device may be significant in a new generation of integrated metasurface-based photonics devices.
Time-Dependent Study of Inclusions in Bearing Steel Subjected to Rare Earth Treatment with Secondary Oxidation
Authors: Wang Weining , Xia Wenzhi , Zhou Yun , Deng Aijun , Bao Guangda , Liao Zhiyou , Wang Haichuan
Published: July 2024

Due to the strong reducibility and chemical activity of rare earths, the diffusion behavior and secondary oxidation of rare earths in the steel liquid will also have a significant impact on the modified products when rare earths are added to bearing steel, resulting in poor control of distribution behavior. Therefore, this paper studies the influence of time factors on the evolution of rare earth inclusions. The inclusion evolution behavior at different times when the bearing steel was treated with rare earths and subjected to secondary oxidation was simulated at 1873 K (1600 °C). At a cerium content of 0.012% in steel and a secondary oxidation of 0.0025%, the cerium content in steel and the total oxygen (T.O.) content in steel were determined at the 30 s, 3 min, 5 min, and 7 min after the addition and the inclusions were characterized by automatic scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated the formation of a cerium-enriched zone after the addition of the cerium alloy to the steel. As time progressed, a considerable number of inclusions were generated in the cerium-enriched zone, which subsequently disappeared. The trend in the composition of the inclusions can be described as Al2O3 → Ce2O2S + CeS → Ce2O2S. The final composition of the inclusions matches the thermodynamic phase diagram. Following the addition of the transient oxidant Fe2O3 to the molten steel, an oxygen-enriched zone was formed. As time progressed, a considerable number of inclusions were generated in the oxygen-enriched zone and subsequently disappeared. The trend of inclusions composition was as follows: Ce2O3 + CeAlO3 + Al2O3 → Ce2O3 + CeAlO3 → Ce2O2S + CeAlO3. The final inclusion composition coincides with the thermodynamic phase diagram.
Characterization of the Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium decipiens (Dinophyceae) from Jiaozhou Bay, China
Authors: Yao Jialin , Fan Yingyi , Chen Qiantong , Chen Xinxin , Deng Yunyan , Sun Yuanyuan , Wang Jinxiu , Hu Zhangxi , Tang Ying Zhong
Published: July 2024

The dinoflagellate genus Karlodinium J. Larsen is well known to form harmful algal blooms (HABs), some of which can produce karlotoxins or other ichthyotoxins and thus cause fish-killing events. Among the 16 currently accepted species of Karlodinium (about half of which are reported to be toxic), six species (K. australe, K. decipiens, K. digitatum, K. elegans, K. veneficum, and K. zhouanum) have been reported or described in the coastal waters of China. However, a fine morphological and molecular characterization of the seldom-observed species K. decipiens has not been conducted; moreover, the negative effects of this species on aquatic animals have not been investigated. This work reports the morphological and phylogenetic characterization of a strain of K. decipiens isolated from Jiaozhou Bay, China, in 2019. The characterization of the strain was conducted using light and scanning electron microscopy, LSU, SSU rDNA, and ITS sequences-based systematic analyses, pigment analysis, and a detailed investigation of its potential toxic/harmful activity on aquatic animals. We observed the typical diagnostic features of K. decipiens, including its relatively large size, ellipsoidal or ovoid cell shape, ventral pore, ventral ridge connecting the two displaced ends of the cingulum, cingulum with a displacement of about one-third of the cell length, numerous polyhedral or slightly elongated chloroplasts distributed peripherally, and large nucleus located centrally. However, we also observed a large amphiesmal vesicle at the dorsal end of the ASC at the dorsal epicone, which is a novel feature that has never been reported from any species of the genus. Based on the results of this study, it is not clear whether this feature is a specific structure of the species or a common characteristic of the genus; therefore, this novel feature is worthy of further examination. Fucoxanthin was the most abundant pigment among all the carotenoids detected. The phylogenies inferred using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) techniques confirmed the conspecificity of our isolate with the holotype K. decipiens (accession no. EF469236). In molecular trees, K. decipiens and K. antarcticum form a separate clade from other species of Karlodinium, and it should be examined whether a large amphiesma vesicle may be a characteristic of this clade. The exposure bioassays using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) indicated that K. decipiens exhibited toxicity to zooplankton, with 100% and 68% mortality observed in brine shrimp using live cell cultures and cell culture lysates over 120 h, respectively. Our work provides a detailed morphological and molecular characterization of K. decipiens from China. The results of this study broaden the known geographical distribution of this species and demonstrate it to be a harmful dinoflagellate.
Monitoring Wearable Devices for Elderly People with Dementia: A Review
Authors: Rocha Inês C. , Arantes Marcelo , Moreira António , Vilaça João L. , Morais Pedro , Matos Demétrio , Carvalho Vítor
Published: July 2024

The growth in the prevalence of dementias is associated with a phenomenon that challenges the 21st century, population aging. Dementias require physical and mental effort on the part of caregivers, making it difficult to promote controlled and active care. This review aims to explore the usability and integration of wearable devices designed to measure the daily activities of elderly people with dementia. A survey was carried out in the following databases: LILACS, Science Direct and PubMed, between 2018 and 2024 and the methodologies as well as the selection criteria are briefly described. A total of 27 articles were included in the review that met the inclusion criteria and answered the research question. As the main conclusions, the various monitoring measurements and interaction aspects are critically important, demonstrating their significant contributions to controlled, adequate and active monitoring, despite the incomplete compliance with the key aspects which could guarantee solutions economically accessible to institutions or other organizations through the application of the design requirements. Future research should not only focus on the development wearable devices that follow the essential requirements but also on further studying the needs and adversities that elderly people with dementia face as a pillar for the development of a feasible device.
Diagnosis and Management of Scalp Metastases: A Review
Authors: Cedirian Stephano , Rapparini Luca , Sechi Andrea , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Starace Michela
Published: July 2024

Scalp metastases (SMs) are particularly noteworthy, representing around 4–7% of cutaneous neoplasms in this region of the body, possibly due to its rich blood supply. Diagnosis of SMs involves a systematic approach encompassing oncologic history, clinical examination, dermoscopy, imaging, and histopathological assessment. Clinical presentations of SM can vary, but dermoscopy reveals unique vascular patterns aiding in diagnosis. Imaging, particularly MRI and CT, and histopathological evaluation are mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Treatment strategies vary depending on tumor characteristics and staging, ranging from surgical excision to systemic therapies like chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Multimodal approaches tailored to individual cases yield optimal outcomes. The diagnostic tools available do not always allow SMs to be diagnosed, and often the lack of knowledge on the part of oncologists in suspecting SMs can delay an early diagnosis. This review provides clinicians with a practical guide for the timely diagnosis and management of SM, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and personalized treatment strategies for improved patient outcomes.
Weight-Bearing CT for Diseases around the Ankle Joint
Authors: Kim Jahyung , Kim Jaeyoung , Kim Saintpee , Yi Young
Published: July 2024

Weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) enables acquisition of three-dimensional bony structure images in a physiological weight-bearing position, which is fundamental in understanding the pathologic lesions and deformities of the ankle joint. Over the past decade, researchers have focused on validating and developing WBCT measurements, which has significantly enhanced our knowledge of common foot and ankle diseases. Consequently, understanding the application of WBCT in clinical practice is becoming more important to produce improved outcomes in the treatment of disease around the ankle joint. This review will describe an overview of what is currently being evaluated in foot and ankle surgery using WBCT and where the course of research will be heading in the future.
Cognitive Targeted Prostate Biopsy Alone for Diagnosing Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Selected Biopsy-Naïve Patients: Results from a Retrospective Pilot Study
Authors: Olivetta Michelangelo , Manfredi Celeste , Spirito Lorenzo , Quattrone Carmelo , Bottone Francesco , Stizzo Marco , Amicuzi Ugo , Lecce Arturo , Rubinacci Andrea , Romano Lorenzo , Della Rosa Giampiero , Papi Salvatore , Tammaro Simone , Coppola Paola , Arcaniolo Davide , Fusco Ferdinando , De Sio Marco
Published: July 2024

(1) Background: To identify a particular setting of biopsy-naïve patients in which it would be reasonable to offer only cognitive targeted prostate biopsy (PBx) with a transrectal approach. (2) Methods: We designed an observational retrospective pilot study. Patients with a prostatic specific antigen (PSA) level > 10 ng/mL, either a normal or suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE), and a lesion with a PI-RADS score ≥ 4 in the postero-medial or postero-lateral peripheral zone were included. All patients underwent a transrectal PBx, including both systematic and targeted samples. The detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) (Gleason Score ≥ 7) was chosen as the primary outcome. We described the detection rate of csPCa in systematic PBx, targeted PBx, and overall PBx. (3) A total of 92 patients were included. Prostate cancer was detected in 84 patients (91.30%) with combined biopsies. A csPCa was diagnosed in all positive cases (100%) with combined biopsies. Systematic PBxs were positive in 80 patients (86.96%), while targeted PBxs were positive in 84 men (91.30%). Targeted PBx alone would have allowed the diagnosis of csPCa in all positive cases; systematic PBx alone would have missed the diagnosis of 8/84 (9.52%) csPCa cases (4 negative patients and 4 not csPCa) (p = 0.011). (4) Conclusions: Cognitive targeted PBx with a transrectal approach could be offered alone to diagnose csPCa in biopsy-naïve patients with PSA ≥ 10 ng/mL, either normal or suspicious DRE, and a lesion with PI-RADS score ≥ 4 in the postero-medial or postero-lateral peripheral zone.
An Automated Real-Time PCR Assay versus Next-Generation Sequencing in the Detection of BRAF V600 Mutations in Melanoma Tissue Samples
Authors: Lenders Daniela , Bonzheim Irina , Hahn Matthias , Gassenmaier Maximilian , Aebischer Valentin , Forschner Andrea , Lenders Max Matthias , Flatz Lukas , Forchhammer Stephan
Published: July 2024

Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is the most commonly used method for determining BRAF mutational status in patients with advanced melanoma. Automated PCR-based methods, such as the IdyllaTM system, are increasingly used for mutation diagnostics, but it is unclear what impact the choice of diagnostic method has on the management of melanoma. Objectives: To compare the concordance rate of BRAF V600 mutational analysis using IdyllaTM and NGS and to analyze the technical and clinical turnaround time. The clinical relevance is compared by analyzing the impact on the treatment decision. Methods: In this monocentric prospective cohort study, the BRAF mutation status of 51 patients was determined using both methods in parallel. Results: BRAF V600 mutation was detected in 23/51 cases (45%). IdyllaTM showed a 100% concordant result with a faster turnaround time (0.2 days) compared to NGS (12.2 days). In general, less tumor material was required for IdyllaTM than for NGS. Most patients received immunotherapy as a first-line therapy regardless of the BRAF V600 status. Conclusions: IdyllaTM testing proved to be a reliable and rapid alternative to NGS in the determination of BRAF V600 mutation. Although BRAF. status was available earlier, this had no influence on the treatment decision in most cases.
Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Display (HMD) and Preoperative Patient-Specific Simulation: Impact on Decision-Making in Pediatric Urology: Preliminary Data
Authors: Lanfranchi Giulia , Costanzo Sara , Selvaggio Giorgio Giuseppe Orlando , Gallotta Cristina , Milani Paolo , Rizzetto Francesco , Musitelli Alessia , Vertemati Maurizio , Santaniello Tommaso , Campari Alessandro , Paraboschi Irene , Camporesi Anna , Marinaro Michela , Calcaterra Valeria , Pierucci Ugo Maria , Pelizzo Gloria
Published: July 2024

Aim of the Study: To assess how virtual reality (VR) patient-specific simulations can support decision-making processes and improve care in pediatric urology, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Patients and Methods: Children diagnosed with urological conditions necessitating complex procedures were retrospectively reviewed and enrolled in the study. Patient-specific VR simulations were developed with medical imaging specialists and VR technology experts. Routine CT images were utilized to create a VR environment using advanced software platforms. The accuracy and fidelity of the VR simulations was validated through a multi-step process. This involved comparing the virtual anatomical models to the original medical imaging data and conducting feedback sessions with pediatric urology experts to assess VR simulations’ realism and clinical relevance. Results: A total of six pediatric patients were reviewed. The median age of the participants was 5.5 years (IQR: 3.5–8.5 years), with an equal distribution of males and females across both groups. A minimally invasive laparoscopic approach was performed for adrenal lesions (n = 3), Wilms’ tumor (n = 1), bilateral nephroblastomatosis (n = 1), and abdominal trauma in complex vascular and renal malformation (ptotic and hypoplastic kidney) (n = 1). Key benefits included enhanced visualization of the segmental arteries and the deep vascularization of the kidney and adrenal glands in all cases. The high depth perception and precision in the orientation of the arteries and veins to the parenchyma changed the intraoperative decision-making process in five patients. Preoperative VR patient-specific simulation did not offer accuracy in studying the pelvic and calyceal anatomy. Conclusions: VR patient-specific simulations represent an empowering tool in pediatric urology. By leveraging the immersive capabilities of VR technology, preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation can greatly impact surgical decision-making. As we continue to advance in medical simulation, VR holds promise in educational programs to include even surgical treatment of more complex urogenital malformations.
Oral Tori Findings in an Adult Albanian Population: A Single-Center Pilot Study
Authors: Disha Valbona , Zaimi Bora , Petrela Elizana
Published: July 2024

Tori are bony growths in the mouth caused by genetic and environmental factors. Oral tori may grow over time and interfere with oral hygiene, speech, mastication, and the application of dentures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of torus mandibularis and torus palatinus according to age and gender among people in Albania. A single-center pilot study was conducted at Diamond Dental Hospital (DDH) from 1 February to 30 April 2024 in Tirana, Albania. Written consent was obtained from each participant. The patients were interviewed by one trained researcher and examined intraorally by one experienced examiner. Photographs were taken of any positive findings. The prevalence of oral tori in this sample from Albania was very high at 48%, and the peak incidence was in the 18–29 age group (54%). The most common type was torus mandibularis, with a prevalence of 39%. The most prevalent form of torus palatinus was flat (71%) and of torus mandibularis was solitary bilateral (48%). This single-center pilot study found a high prevalence of oral tori among people in Tirana, Albania. Its prevalence was not related to gender or bruxism. Dental professionals should note the high occurrence of oral tori and their importance in dental practice.
Improved PSO-Based Two-Phase Logistics UAV Path Planning under Dynamic Demand and Wind Conditions
Authors: Tang Guangfu , Xiao Tingyue , Du Pengfei , Zhang Peiying , Liu Kai , Tan Lizhuang
Published: July 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have increasingly become integral to logistics and distribution due to their flexibility and mobility. However, the existing studies often overlook the dynamic nature of customer demands and wind conditions, limiting the practical applicability of their proposed strategies. To tackle this challenge, we firstly construct a time-slicing-based UAV path planning model that incorporates dynamic customer demands and wind impacts. Based on this model, a two-stage logistics UAV path planning framework is developed according to the analysis of the customer pool updates and dynamic attitudes. Secondly, a dynamic demand and wind-aware logistics UAV path planning problem is formulated to minimize the weighted average of the energy consumption and the customer satisfaction penalty cost, which comprehensively takes the energy consumption constraints, load weight constraints, and hybrid time window constraints into consideration. To solve this problem, an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based multiple logistics UAV path planning algorithm is developed, which has good performance with fast convergence and better solutions. Finally, extensive simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm can not only adhere to the UAV’s maximum load and battery power constraints but also significantly enhance the loading efficiency and battery utilization rate. Particularly, compared to the genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing (SA), and traditional PSO strategies, our proposed algorithm achieves satisfactory solutions within a reasonable time frame and reduces the distribution costs by up to 9.82%.
Social Emotional Learning in Teacher Education: Biographical Narrative as a Method for Professional Development
Authors: Shalev Maayan , Gidalevich Stella
Published: July 2024

Social emotional learning (SEL) of teachers is crucial both to teachers and their students. Thus, teachers’ professional development should focus on cognitive, emotional, and social skills in order to promote teachers’ identity formation. Teacher professional development is a life-long process that begins in teachers’ education. The Biographical Narrative, the story about our lives, was chosen as a method with the potential to promote SEL. Eighteen preservice teachers participated in a workshop focusing on emotional and social skills as part of professional development and shared their Biographical Narrative with the group. Data from the reflections of 12 participants were collected and analyzed qualitatively. The purpose of the study was to understand preservice teachers’ perceptions about their professional development, and the contribution of the Biographical Narrative to the social emotional learning of the tellers, the listeners, and the group. The findings revealed that the participants related to cognitive, emotional, and social aspects of development. The developmental process occurs throughout all stages of the method—planning, performance, and reflection. In addition, the Biographical Narrative influenced not only the tellers, but also the listeners and the group. Implications are discussed regarding teachers’ professional development as preservice teachers and as teachers in their work in schools.
The Contributions of Creativity to the Learning Process within Educational Approaches for Sustainable Development and/or Ecosocial Perspectives: A Systematic Review
Authors: López Utdin Harvey , Vázquez-Vílchez Mercedes , Salmerón-Vílchez Purificación
Published: July 2024

This systematic review identifies the contributions of creativity to learning and its integration into teaching within educational approaches with an ecosocial and/or sustainable perspective based on scientific publications in the Web of Science and SCOPUS databases, following the PRISMA methodology guidelines. This study establishes a comprehensive understanding of creativity from a sociocultural perspective and examines the relationship between creativity and educational approaches based on sustainable education. The results highlight that creativity is incorporated into teaching in a cross-cutting manner in the ideation, design, and implementation of pedagogical strategies that include diverse techniques, resources, and methodologies. Creativity contributes to learning by being multifaceted and transforming the student experience through the identification, understanding, appropriation, and applicability of concepts. Various strategies and methodologies are identified that promote creativity by involving students in collaborative and reflective processes. Creativity stimulates imagination, interdisciplinary and intercultural integration, and experimentation. The fundamental role of the teacher and the learning environment is emphasized. Finally, the need to integrate creativity into educational plans from these approaches is highlighted, fostering the adaptability to uncertainty and the generation of creative and sustainable responses. This review provides a synthesized and updated resource for teachers and individuals interested in the relationship between creativity, learning, and sustainability.
Development of Educational Video Capsules for Active Learning in Environmental Sciences through Universal Design for Learning
Authors: Navarro Nuria , Corrales Patricia , Vila-Bedmar Rocio , González-Montesino Rayco H. , de Luis Oscar , Espada-Chavarria Rosa
Published: July 2024

Social changes in higher education have led to a transformation in teaching innovation for developing a critical and creative mentality in students. To this end, video capsules have emerged as an optimal tool that allows combining the management of information and communication technologies and collaborative work. Video capsules were elaborated by groups of students for the virtualization of the laboratory practices of the subjects Environmental Microbiology and Biochemistry of the Degree in Environmental Sciences for two academic years (2022–2023 and 2023–2024), paying special attention to the principles of Universal Design of Learning. To assess the impact of this activity on the knowledge acquired by the students in the laboratory practices, the marks from these academic years were compared with the previous academic year (2021–2022) without the generation of video capsules. Moreover, an evaluation of the development and acquisition of cross-curricular competencies was carried out. The generation of video capsules by the students tended to increase the average grade obtained in the laboratory practices of both subjects. Furthermore, instrumental, interpersonal, and systemic competencies obtained by the students by performing the video capsules improved their transversal skills. The creation of video capsules during laboratory practices and the methodology used had a very positive direct influence on the academic outcomes of the subjects and facilitated the acquisition of transversal competencies for the students.
Perceived Unfairness in University Settings: Findings from a Qualitative Study among Students in Germany
Authors: Herr Raphael M. , Deyerl Veronika M. , Rathmann Katharina , Diehl Katharina
Published: July 2024

In universities, perceived unfairness is associated with negative outcomes, such as dissatisfaction, lower engagement, higher drop-out and stress, and poorer mental health. It is, however, still unclear which aspects constitute perceived unfairness in students. Therefore, this qualitative study explored students’ perceptions of unfairness with twenty semi-structured interviews. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed following Mayring’s qualitative content analysis. A set of main codes and subcodes was developed and refined. The identified sources of unfairness can be summarized as organizational aspects, such as the registration and administration processes, the treatment of students, including the behavioural patterns of lecturers and university staff, and the individual situation of students. This study identified different sources of perceived unfairness in the university setting, potentially related to less engagement, higher drop-out rates, and worse mental health of the students. To keep students engaged and healthy, it seems beneficial to address the sources of unfairness.
Teachers’ Perception of the Gender Gap in STEAM Subjects in Pre-University Stages
Authors: Sánchez-Jiménez María , Fernández-Arias Pablo , Vergara Diego , Antón-Sancho Álvaro , Orosa José A.
Published: July 2024

The term STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) is associated with a promising pedagogical approach to improve the development of students at different educational stages. Degrees linked to a STEAM approach encourage real-world problem solving through the application of multidisciplinary knowledge. The objective of this research is to analyze the perception of Early Childhood and Primary to Secondary Education teachers on the existence of the gender gap among pre-university students in subjects related to STEAM degrees in Spain. Given the results obtained, it is possible to affirm that according to teachers, there is a gender gap among students in the early educational stages in topics related to STEAM careers, which can mark their future gender gap in university education. Given this scenario, it is necessary to continue researching the possible factors that influence the gender gap in these degrees to understand possible gender inequalities in the educational field. Furthermore, the need to implement educational strategies that promote gender equality in Spain from the first educational stages is highlighted.
Modelling Student Retention in Tutorial Classes with Uncertainty—A Bayesian Approach to Predicting Attendance-Based Retention
Authors: Nimy Eli , Mosia Moeketsi
Published: July 2024

A Bayesian additive regression tree (BART) is a recent statistical method that blends ensemble learning with nonparametric regression. BART is constructed using a Bayesian approach, which provides the benefit of model-based prediction uncertainty, enhancing the reliability of predictions. This study proposes the development of a BART model with a binomial likelihood to predict the percentage of students retained in tutorial classes using attendance data sourced from a South African university database. The data consist of tutorial dates and encoded (anonymized) student numbers, which play a crucial role in deriving retention variables such as cohort age, active students, and retention rates. The proposed model is evaluated and benchmarked against the random forest regressor (RFR). The proposed BART model reported an average of 20% higher predictive performance compared to RFR across six error metrics, achieving an R-squared score of 0.9414. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the utility of the highest density interval (HDI) provided by the BART model, which can help in determining the best- and worst-case scenarios for student retention rate estimates. The significance of this study extends to multiple stakeholders within the educational sector. Educational institutions, administrators, and policymakers can benefit from this study by gaining insights into how future tutorship programme student retention rates can be predicted using predictive models. Furthermore, the foresight provided by the predicted student retention rates can aid in strategic resource allocation, facilitating more informed planning and budgeting for tutorship programmes.
Determining the Perception Created by Health Warnings on Plain Cigarette Packs with Visual Attention: Eye-Tracking Technique
Authors: Korkmaz Adem , Gülsecen Sevinc , Kosunalp Selahattin , Mihaylov Grigor
Published: July 2024

This study examines the effects of the plain packaging policy implemented in Türkiye, analyzing how different demographic groups perceive health warnings on cigarette packaging. Employing advanced eye-tracking technology, the research identifies distinct visual attention patterns between smokers and non-smokers when exposed to ‘Anxiety’ and ‘Disturbing’ visual cues. Detailed metrics, including fixation counts, durations, and saccade amplitudes, are used to measure and analyze the responses of these groups to the health warnings. The findings reveal that non-smokers significantly focus more on textual warnings, suggesting that text-based elements are more impactful for this group. Conversely, smokers tend to either avoid or become desensitized to disturbing imagery. Additionally, the study finds that female participants exhibit higher saccade amplitudes compared to males, indicating a more thorough examination of the packaging. This gender-specific difference is especially pronounced in their responses to ‘Disturbing’ images, where females show greater engagement, pointing to an increased sensitivity to such stimuli. These insights not only advance our understanding of effective health communication but also underscore the importance of designing public health interventions that cater to the unique responses of different demographic groups. This research significantly enriches the field of tobacco control, providing evidence-based strategies to enhance the effectiveness of visual warnings, thereby supporting targeted smoking cessation efforts.
Reinforcement-Learning-Assisted Service Function Chain Embedding Algorithm in Edge Computing Networks
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Shengpeng , Zhang Peiying , Liu Kai
Published: July 2024

Edge computing networks are critical infrastructures for processing massive data and providing instantaneous services. However, how to efficiently allocate resources in edge computing networks to meet the embedding requirements of service function chains has become an urgent problem. In this paper, we model the resource allocation problem in edge computing networks as a service function chain embedding problem model, aiming to optimize the resource allocation through reinforcement learning algorithms to achieve the goals of low cost, high revenue, and high embedding rate. In this paper, the basic concepts of edge computing network and service function chain are elaborated, and the resource allocation problem is transformed into a service function chain embedding problem by establishing a mathematical model, which provides a foundation for the subsequent algorithm design. In this paper, a service function chain embedding algorithm based on reinforcement learning is designed to gradually optimize the resource allocation decision by simulating the learning process. In order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, a series of simulation experiments are conducted in this paper and compared with other algorithms. The experimental results show that the service function chain embedding algorithm based on reinforcement learning proposed in this paper exhibits superior performance in resource allocation. Compared with traditional resource allocation methods, the algorithm achieves significant improvement in terms of low cost, high revenue, and high embedding rate.
Direct Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Zr–Ce-Incorporated SBA-15 Catalysts for the Pyrolysis Reaction of Algal Biomass
Authors: Ghimiș Simona-Bianca , Oancea Florin , Raduly Monica-Florentina , Mîrț Andreea-Luiza , Trică Bogdan , Cîlțea-Udrescu Mihaela , Vasilievici Gabriel
Published: July 2024

In recent years, algae have emerged as a promising feedstock for biofuel production, due to their eco-friendly, sustainable, and renewable nature. Various methods, including chemical, biochemical, and thermochemical processes, are used to convert algal biomass into biofuels. Pyrolysis, a widely recognized thermochemical technique, involves high temperature and pressure to generate biochar and bio-oil from diverse algal sources. Various pyrolytic processes transform algal biomass into biochar and bio-oil, including low pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis, and hydropyrolysis. These methods are utilized to convert a range of microalgae and cyanobacteria into biochar and bio-oil. In this publication, we will discuss catalytic pyrolysis using mesoporous materials, such as SBA-15. Mesoporous catalysts have earned significant attention for catalytic reactions, due to their high surface area, facilitating the better distribution of impregnated metal. Pyrolysis conducted in the presence of a mesoporous catalyst is viewed more as efficient, compared to reactions occurring within the smaller microporous cavities of traditional zeolites. SBA-15 supports with incorporated Zr and/or Ce were synthesized using the direct hydrothermal synthesis method. The catalyst was characterized using structural and morphological technical analysis and utilized for the pyrolysis reaction of the algal biomass.
Hidden Potential of the Subdominant Ant Formica lemani Bondroit (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): The Formation of Large Nest Complexes and Restructuring Behavioural Stereotypes
Authors: Novgorodova Tatiana , Taranenko Dmitry
Published: July 2024

The potential of subdominant ants of the Formica fusca group and their role in forests are still underestimated. Since ant behaviour is dependent on colony size, studying the functional organisation of nest complexes (NC) is most promising for a more accurate assessment of species capabilities. The study focused on the main ecological and ethological issues of the life activity of Formica lemani Bondroit within large NC (>150 nests) and beyond. After preliminary mapping of the F. lemani NC (main nests, trails, foraging trees), off-nest activity, aggressiveness, and trophobiotic relationships with aphids in and outside the NC territory were studied. Within the NC, the dynamic density, the intensity of movement on trails, and aggressiveness of F. lemani were significantly higher than beyond; the range of symbiont aphids was twice as small, with aphids on birches playing a key role in carbohydrate nutrition of F. lemani. The latter ensures accelerated restoration of trophobiotic interactions in spring and stability of the food supply until autumn. Combined with the lack of pressure from F. rufa group ants, this allowed F. lemani to maintain high population densities, and significantly increased its competitiveness, and role in plant protection against phytophages.
The Role of Leaching in Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Distributions in Subalpine Coniferous Forests on Gongga Mountain, Southwest China
Authors: He Xiaoli , Wang Yaning , He Junbo , Wu Yanhong
Published: July 2024

To explore the role of leaching in mountainous nutrient cycling, we investigated the altitudinal distribution of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in the subalpine coniferous forest ranging from 2628 to 3044 m on the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga. The results revealed that concentrations of C and N, as well as the atomic ratios of C:N and N:P, showed no significant difference among the sampling sites (p > 0.05) in O horizons. The concentrations of P in O horizons increased gradually with altitude. In contrast, notable variations in C, N, and P concentrations and stoichiometry were observed in the mineral horizons. Lower concentrations of C, N, and P were found in A horizons, while higher contents were present in B and C horizons compared to previous studies. Additionally, results of the random forest model indicated that C and N concentrations in the O, B, and C horizons, as well as P concentration in the B horizons, were primarily influenced by Feox concentrations. This suggested that these nutrients leached from O horizons and accumulated in B and C horizons alongside Feox. Except for C:N ratios in the O horizon, the C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios in the O, B, and C horizons were mainly affected by concentrations of Feox or Alox. These results underscored the substantial impact of leaching processes on the spatial distribution of soil C, N, and P, ultimately leading to changes in the gradient distribution of soil C:N:P stoichiometry. Specifically, the C:N ratio in the mineral horizons at the 2781 m site was significantly higher compared to other sites (p < 0.05), indicating a greater movement of C relative to N. The C:P and N:P ratios in the B horizon at the 2781 m site were notably higher than at other sampling sites (p < 0.05). Conversely, the N:P ratio in the A horizon at the 2781 m site was relatively low. Furthermore, concentrations of C and N in the B horizon at the 2781 m site were significantly higher than in other sampling points, while P concentrations were notably lower (p < 0.05). This suggested a more pronounced downward leaching of C and N compared to P at the 2781 site, indicating stronger leaching effects. Overall, this study emphasizes the significant influence of leaching processes on the spatial distributions of soil C, N, and P in subalpine coniferous forests in Southwest China.
Gradient-Based Aero-Stealth Optimization of a Simplified Aircraft
Authors: Thoulon Charles , Roge Gilbert , Pironneau Olivier
Published: July 2024

Modern fighter aircraft increasingly need to conjugate aerodynamic performance and low observability. In this paper, we showcase a methodology for a gradient-based bidisciplinary aero-stealth optimization. The shape of the aircraft is parameterized with the help of a CAD modeler, and we optimize it with the SLSQP algorithm. The drag, computed with the help of a RANS method, is used as the aerodynamic criterion. For the stealth criterion, a function is derived from the radar cross-section in a given cone of directions and weighed with a function whose goal is to cancel the electromagnetic intensity in a given direction. Stealth is achieved passively by scattering back the electromagnetic energy away from the radar antenna, and no energy is absorbed by the aircraft, which is considered as a perfect conductor. A Pareto front is identified by varying the weights of the aerodynamic and stealth criteria. The Pareto front allows for an easy identification of the CAD model corresponding to a chosen aero-stealth trade-off.
Combining Sliding Mode and Fractional-Order Theory for Maximum Power Point Tracking Enhancement of Variable-Speed Wind Energy Conversion
Authors: Al-Dhaifallah Mujahed , Saif Abdul-Wahid A. , Elferik Sami , Elkhider Siddig M. , Aldean Abdalrazak Seaf
Published: July 2024

The present study used the wind turbine as a model to focus on combining sliding mode and fractional-order theory for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) enhancement. The combination of sliding mode and fractional-order theory was implemented considering the nonlinearity of the studied model for studying the system’s response. The response of the wind turbine was evaluated after introducing disturbance to the output of the regulator. The results showed the excellent ability of the system to track the reference, regardless of any disturbances. There was no impact of any disturbance on the system or the system’s good follow-up. Moreover, the control scheme showed robustness as regards rejecting the disturbances.
Self-Organizing Optimization Based on Caputo’s Fractional Order Gradients
Authors: Tan Sunfu , Zhang Ni , Pu Yifei
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses the condition necessary to guarantee no divergence for Caputo’s fractional order gradient descent (C-FOG) algorithm on multivariate functions. C-FOG is self-organizing, computationally efficient, simple, and understandable. It converges faster than the classical gradient-based optimization algorithms and converges to slightly different points when the order of the fractional derivative is different. The additional freedom of the order is very useful in situations where the diversity of convergence is required, and it also allows for more precise convergence. Comparative experiments on a typical poor conditioned function and adversarial sample generation frameworks demonstrate the convergence performance of C-FOG, showing that it outperforms currently popular algorithms in terms of convergence speed, and more excitingly, the diversity of convergence allows it to exhibit stronger and more stable attack capability in adversarial sample generation procedures (The code for experiments is available at: https://github.com/mulertan/self_optimizing/tree/main, accessed on 30 April 2024).
Editorial for the “Genetics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Insects” Special Issue
Authors: Chen Zhiteng
Published: July 2024

The rapid advancement of sequencing technologies has revolutionized our understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of insects, enabling researchers to generate extensive molecular data with unprecedented detail [...]
The Connection between Sleep Patterns and Mental Health: Insights from Rural Chinese Students
Authors: Lyu Jiayang , Jin Songqing , Ji Chen , Yan Ru , Feng Cindy , Rozelle Scott , Wang Huan
Published: July 2024

Background: The association between sleep patterns and young students’ mental health, which is crucial for their development, remains understudied in rural China. Therefore, the relationship between sleep patterns and mental health among primary and junior high school students in rural China was examined. Method: A total of 1592 primary and junior high school students from rural areas of Gansu Province were surveyed, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) was utilized to assess mental health, alongside self-reported data on their daily sleep patterns. Results: Significant sleep inadequacies were identified: 28% of students received less than 8 h of sleep on weekdays, and 19% went to bed later than recommended. On weekends, 38% of students had delayed bedtimes, though only 7.2% received less than 8 h of sleep. Notably, a “U-shaped” relationship was uncovered between sleep duration and mental health for students on weekends, with optimal mental health correlated with receiving 10–11 h of sleep, while both shorter and longer sleep durations on weekends worsened outcomes. This pattern is absent on weekdays. Additionally, adequate sleep and an earlier bedtime was linked to a 6–8% decrease in mental health risks. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers seeking to enhance student mental well-being in rural settings, emphasizing the importance of implementing measures that promote balanced sleep habits among young students.
Diagnostic Values of Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers after Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Bocea Bogdan-Axente , Roman Mihai-Dan , Ion Nicolas Catalin Ionut , Fleaca Sorin Radu , Mohor Cosmin-Ioan , Popa Darius Alexandru , Mihaila Romeo-Gabriel
Published: July 2024

One of the complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Numerous studies have been performed to explore the value of biological parameters in the early identification of infection rates after THA and TKA. This study investigates alterations in inflammatory markers associated with PJI. This retrospective study focused on a cohort of patients with hip and knee arthroplasty treated between 2016 and 2022. CRP, ESR, and fibrinogen were observed preoperatively, on days one, three, six, and twenty-one postoperatively. From a total of 4076 THA and TKA performed during this period, 62 patients were identified with periprosthetic infections. We also identified the pathogens responsible for infections in order to assess if asymptomatic preoperative infections were involved in PJI. In patients with acute infections following TKA, days one and three postoperative recorded a CRP value below the expected range. The value of CRP in patients with early infection after THA was significantly increased on day six postoperative. ESR and fibrinogen values were not statistically significantly correlated with early PJI. The CRP level in acute PJI shows different patterns than those shown in the literature.
Overcommitment, Work-Related Behavior, and Cognitive and Emotional Irritation in Veterinarians: A Comparison of Different Veterinary Working Fields
Authors: Thielmann Beatrice , Pohl Robert , Böckelmann Irina
Published: July 2024

Mental health is a serious problem among veterinarians. The aim of this study was to analyze work-related behaviors and experience (AVEM), overcommitment (OC), and cognitive and emotional irritation (IS) in different veterinary working fields. The survey included 724 German veterinarians (average age 41.0 ± 9.72 years). Validated questionnaires were used to assess overcommitment, work-related behavior and experience patterns (health-promoting pattern G or S; health-hazardous risk pattern A or B), and irritation in several working fields. A correlation analysis and a multivariate test were performed. Increased OC was observed in 35.8% of veterinarians (mixed animals vs. inspectors, p = 0.042; small vs. mixed animals, p = 0.001). A total of 66% of veterinarians exhibited AVEM risk pattern A or B. There was no significant association of AVEM risk patterns and veterinary specialty. Only the AVEM dimension “tendency toward resignation in the face of failure” differed among working fields (p = 0.04). Regardless of direct animal contact, German veterinarians showed increased psychological stress. Inadequate compensation and prolonged stress are significant factors that can lead to burnout or depression. These risks should be considered in the context of occupational healthcare.