bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Compliance of Standard Precautions among Student Nurses
Authors: Labrague Leodoro Jabien , Rosales Rheajane Aguilar , Tizon Maricel Mabulac
Published: October 2013

Student nurses are often exposed to various infections during their clinical exposure. Knowledge and compliance with standard precautions is essential in the prevention of health care infections and protection of patients as well as medical workers from exposure to infectious agents. This investigation assessed the knowledge and degree of compliance regarding standard precautions among student nurses in a government university in Samar, Philippines. A cross-sectional study was adopted for this investigation and data were collected over a period of one month from April 8 to May 7, 2012. Fifty eight student nurses who were enrolled in the university were all asked to complete the self report questionnaires regarding standard precautions. Vast majority (89.65%) of the student nurses have good knowledge (m = 14.45/19) and high compliance (m = 3.59) of standard precautions. The use of mask has the highest degree of compliance (m = 3.95) while the use of eye goggles has the lowest degree of compliance (m = 3.19). Findings suggest no significant association between knowledge and compliance with standard precautions. Teaching approaches must be geared towards intensifying further the compliances especially with the use of other protective equipments such eye goggles and gloves. Furthermore, environment that models and promotes standard precaution practices should be developed by the faculty.
Images of health among hospital patients in Jordan: A qualitative study
Authors: Shoqirat Noordeen Awath
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine hospital patients’ understanding of health and its cultural constructions in Jordan. Focus group discussions (n=4) were carried out with hospital patients. The findings showed three images of health among patients in Jordan with different complexity levels. This included health as the freedom from illness, health as being in good social and psychological wellbeing, health as being physically, psychologically, socially and economically satisfied. Gender related conceptualisation of health have been associated with the role of men and women in the society. Hospital patients’ understanding of health is diverse, multidimensional, and affected by their gender. Therefore, hospital nurses are urged to incorporate patients’ conceptualisations of health and factors involved into the framework of the patient’s daily care plan and health promotion activity. The study limitations and recommendations for practice and future research are also outlined. Keywords: focus group discussions, health, hospital patients, culture, Jordan, nursing
A Qualitative Study of Mothers Who Work Full-Time as Hospital Floor Nurses
Authors: Firmin Michael W. , Lipscomb Megan Bailey
Published: October 2013

We conducted qualitative interviews with a sample of 13 female floor nurses in a Midwest hospital. The women worked full-time and also had children at home for whom they provided care. The overall four results reported include particular challenges they faced in their dual-roles, including separating home from work, high stress, sleep deprivation, odd hours, and difficulty in advancing due to home life pressures. The nurses also related perceived assets and drawbacks of their profession for the given season of life. They described what they believed to be necessities for success in the dual-roles of professional nurse and care taker. Last, they related two wish-list components they desired at this point their careers as they engaged in child rearing.
Topical use of human breast milk for diaper rash in infants, “This paper has been withdrawn”
Authors: Penjvini Susan , Shahsawari Siroos , Gazerani Farideh , Abdolkawand Sohaila
Published: October 2013

This paper has been withdrawn.
Pain Management Barriers in Jordanian Critical Care Units, “This paper has been withdrawn”
Authors: Batiha Abdul-Monim
Published: October 2013

“This paper has been withdrawn”
A Valid and Reliable Tool to Assess Nursing Students` Clinical Performance
Authors: Pazargadi Mehrnoosh , Ashktorab Tahereh , Khosravi Sharareh , Alavi majd Hamid
Published: October 2013

Background: The necessity of a valid and reliable assessment tool is one of the most repeated issues in nursing students` clinical evaluation. But it is believed that present tools are not mostly valid and can not assess students` performance properly.Objectives: This study was conducted to design a valid and reliable assessment tool for evaluating nursing students` performance in clinical education.Methods: In this methodological study considering nursing students` performance definition; the tool, its domains and items were specified through expert interviews and literature review. To determine validity; face validity (using expert viewpoints and item impact method) and content validity (using expert viewpoints, content validity ratio and content validity index) were considered. Reliability was evaluated through Cronbach`s alpha and interclass correlation (ICC).Results: Seven domains and 55 items were found and the primary tool was designed. Item impact score and content validity ratio were 1.5 and more and 0.54 and more for each item, respectively and total content validity index was 0.94. Cronbach`s alpha for the whole tool was 0.992 and ICC was 0.89.Conclusion: The designed tool with a high validity and reliability is considered proper and can be used for evaluating nursing students` clinical performance.
An Evaluation to assess the Knowledge regarding Prevention and Management of Chickenpox in Children among Mothers having Children below 10 years of age residing at selected community area of Allahabad (India)
Authors: Joseph Jemy Elizabeth , Mathew Shiju
Published: October 2013

Chickenpox is a worldwide disease and is no respecter race or class. The incidence increases in spring & winter months in the temperate zones. In the tropics, the peak incidence is during winter and early spring. The disease in fact started spreading from February itself. Lack of knowledge among common people on preventing water contamination is helping the virus to spread rapidly. The descriptive study attempts to assess the knowledge regarding prevention and management of chickenpox among mothers of below 10 years of age children who are residing at Naini, Allahabad with a view to develop an information booklet. Method: The study involved single group test without a control, using non-experimental descriptive design, with non-probability convenient sampling. 60 women were involved in data collection by using structured questionnaire. The study came to an end by implementation of information booklet on chickenpox and its prevention and management, and the results were described using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The overall mean knowledge score was found to be 48.86 % and S.D 5.87. The highest mean knowledge score was found on general health (46.5%). The mean knowledge score varied from 46.5% to 55.6% on different aspects of chickenpox.  Chi-square test implies that there was a statistically significant association between selected demographic variables with knowledge of prevention and home care management of chickenpox at 5 percent level. Conclusion: The overall findings of the study clearly showed that there is lack of knowledge of prevention and home care management of chickenpox among mothers and the results revealed that distribution of information booklet on chickenpox and its prevention and management will be helpful for the women to gain knowledge.
Nurses’ Job satisfaction and Burnout : Is there a Connection?
Authors: Rosales Rheajane Aguilar , Rosales Gilbey Lao , Labrague Leodoro Jabien
Published: October 2013

Burnout associated with stress has been documented in healthcare professionals including nurses and is considered as one of the potential hazards occurring among individuals who do “people work” (Cherniss, 1980). This study aimed to determine the level of job satisfaction and burnout among nurses in three government hospitals of Samar, Philippines. Descriptive-correlational method of research was utilized to all (48) regular nurses in three Government Hospitals of Western Samar, Philippines. Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) by Pul E. Spector, and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) by Cristina Maslach were administered to the respondents. Findings indicated that respondents experienced a moderate level of burnout and claimed to be slightly unsatisfied with their job. The highest scored subscale on the JSS was the Nature of the Work (m = 3.97) while the lowest scored subscale was the Fringe Benefit (m = 2.40). Findings revealed that the highest ranked subscale on the MBI was the Emotional Exhaustion (m = 3.28).  On the other hand, Depersonalization subscale was the lowest scored subscale with a mean of 2.74. Analyses also showed that there is a significant relationship between the respondent’s level of burnout and their level of Job Satisfaction. The result showed a statistically significant relationship between the nurse-respondents level of burnout and their level of job satisfaction which may affect on the quality of care given to their patients. Thus, proper measures must be made to prevent and manage nurses’ burnout. Furthermore, it proposed a job enrichment program to increase the level of job satisfaction and prevent burnout.
Multidisciplinary Approaches Interventions in Prevention of Childhood Obesity: targeted systematic review
Authors: Tork Hanan Mohamed , Boggatz Thomas
Published: October 2013

AbstractAmong children ages 7–19, about 1 in 3 are overweight and obese (BMI-for-age at or above the 85th percentile of the 2000 CDC growth charts.); 32.1% of all boys and 31.3% of all girls are overweight and obese. Because of the dramatic and alarming increase in childhood obesity and its associated health risks, obesity prevention programs targeting children can and should be developed to promote the health of the public. This study is an overview of different interventions conducted, to guide efforts for an effective management of childhood obesity. The aim of this review was to assess the literature regarding the prevention of childhood obesity. Databases that were accessed for current literature included Medline, Cochrane and CINAHL. A total of 26 articles were found based on the inclusion criteria for this study. Only 38% of studies required parents' participation, the sample sizes of the studies varied considerably from 201 to 3135 children. 92% of studies used randomized controlled trials and the range of intervention duration ranged from eight weeks to four years. Implications for future research and practice are presented.
Nurse Caring: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Potter Danita R. , Fogel Joshua
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this paper was to review the literature on caring among nurses. The approach utilized studies on nurse caring behaviors in a variety of patient care settings. Articles published between 1987-2012 in the CINAHL, Medline, and PubMed databases were used. Overall, fourteen different articles were deemed relevant and were included in the review. The review articles were grouped into three categories which were Acute/Surgical, Community/Institutionalized, and Postpartum/Childbirth. In conclusion, human needs assistance was a consistent aspect of caring valued by patients.  We recommend that nurses learn their patient’s likes and dislikes while also providing for topics related to patient physical needs. Also when caring for children, nurses should use entertainment and humor as part of their caring approach.
Introduction of Music Therapy for Stuporous Patient Attached to a Mechanical Ventilator at Bethany Hospital in Tacloban City, Philippines
Authors: Almazan Joseph Uy , Patosa Florabelle , Argota Elnora
Published: October 2013

Altered levels of consciousness (ALC) are among the most common problems in general medicine which intensive care unit is included. One of its deepest levels is stupor. Meanwhile, it has shown that the use of music therapy improved levels of consciousness in a patient that has altered levels of consciousness and is ventilated. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of music therapy after a series of listening classic CD songs attached to a built-in CD drive of the mechanical ventilator for stuporous patient using earphones in both ears. Quasi –experimental design was adopted utilizing the both primary data and secondary data.   There were 24 stuporous patients invited to participate as respondents with an age range of 23-92 years old.  Four parameters were evaluated: vital signs of patients when attached to a mechanical ventilator with music therapy; duration of the health status; health status as evidenced by a change in level of consciousness based on doctor’s order and nurses notes. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 19.The researchers found out the use of music therapy (attached to the mechanical ventilator) was effective in improving the level of consciousness; this has been useful in implementation in the Intensive Care Unit.
Knowledge and attitude towards pain management. A comparison between oncology and non-oncology nurses in Jordan
Authors: Abed El-Rahman Mona , Al Kalaldeh Mahmoud Taher , Muhbes Fakhria
Published: October 2013

Background: Knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward pain management have an influence on medical judgment and patients' perception of pain control. Aim: To assess and compare oncology and non-oncology nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward pain management. Method: A cross sectional descriptive comparative design was used. Nurses were recruited conveniently from one specialized oncology center and one main general medical city in Jordan. Participants were required to complete a specific questionnaire. The total number of participant was 207 nurses (124 oncology and 93 non-oncology nurses). Results: It was evident that oncology nurses received post-registration training or courses in the field of pain management more than non-oncology nurses. Both oncology and non-oncology nurses exhibited an appropriate knowledge and attitude toward pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management strategies. However, oncology nurses scored higher in the overall knowledge and attitude toward pain compared to non-oncology nurses. Nurses showed knowledge deficit in assuming the risk for addiction and the use of narcotics in pediatric patients. Conclusions: The study revealed that oncology nurses were more knowledgeable compared to non-oncology nurses in managing pain. Professional development for nurses in the field of pain management is required whether during academic preparations or post-graduation.
Prevalence of leprosy Cases in Eastern Visayas, Philippines
Authors: Almazan Joseph Uy
Published: October 2013

Leprosy is an important global health problem. Moreover, important for its potential to cause progressive and permanent physical disability. However, there is limited study conducted pertaining to the  prevalence of leprosy in Eastern Visayas region, as well as to the association of its treatment, population,  poverty rate, and gender. This study aimed to explore the  prevalence of leprosy in terms of population growth, poverty rate, its treatment, and to determine association between provinces and the type of leprosy treatment for both completed and continuing treatment, between newly diagnosed (2010) and population in its provinces, between average per capita (2001-2009) and continuing treatment of leprosy (2001-2009) between the completed treatment (2001-2009) and population (2001-2009),  leprosy cases (2010) between sexes among provinces. It employed descriptive inferential design, and utilizing chi-square test with the used of SPSS version 19. Findings revealed that there were no significant association between provinces and the type of leprosy treatment for both completed and continuing treatment, between newly diagnosed (2010) and provinces, between average per capita (2001-2009) and continuing treatment of leprosy(2001-2009) between the completed treatment (2001-2009) and population (2001-2009), leprosy cases (2010) between sexes among provinces. Finding of this investigation suggests everyone is prone to leprosy, whether or not it’s male or female, and rich or poor. Furthermore, studies identifying other factors like literacy rate, present health status could also be investigated.
Effect of non-nutritive sucking and leg massage on physiological and behavioral indicators of pain following heel blood sampling in term neonates
Authors: Mirzarahimi Mehrdad , Mehrnoush Nasrin , Shahizadeh Sahife , Samadi Nasrin , Amani Firouz
Published: October 2013

Background: Pain management is especially important for neonates who are not able to verbally express their pain. Non-pharmacological pain management method as an alternative to pharmacological pain medication has increased nowadays. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of leg massage and non-nutritive sucking (NNS) on reducing the pain that neonates experience when undergoing the heel stick procedure for blood testing. Methods: This investigation was a random controlled clinical trial study on ninety neonates who were selected randomly among admitted neonates to NICU in Alavi hospital at Ardabil. The subjects were randomly classified in two case and one control groups. The neonates received leg massage (n=30), NNS (n=30), and no intervention (n=30) respectively. Measurements of HR and SaO2 were taken twice: once before and then again after intervention. Pain response was measured by the PIPP scale. Results: The study showed that the HR of the three groups significantly increased after heel stick compared to before heel stick. The change of SaO2 levels in NNS groups was lower than the control and massage groups. The change of PIPP scores in massage and NNS groups was lower than that of the control group; however, there was not statistically significant differences between NNS & massage groups(p=0.91) Conclusion: pain management and pain relief in the infant is an important issue in neonatal health care. It is suggested that the single or combined use of massage and a pacifier is effective in reducing pain responses in neonates undergoing heel stick.
Progressive Muscle Relaxation: An adjuvant therapy for reducing pain and fatigue among hospitalized cancer patients’ receiving radiotherapy.
Authors: Pathak Pragya , Mahal Rajinder , Kohli Adarsh , Nimbran Vinod
Published: October 2013

Background: Cancer patients’ face number of problems, among those pain and fatigue are common problems. To manage pain and fatigue among cancer patients, studies now a days are even focusing on use of non-pharmacological/ non invasive methods as exercises, imagery etc. But studies on effect of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) exercises on pain and fatigue among admitted patients are scarce. Objective: The study was done to evaluate effectiveness of PMR exercises on pain and fatigue among hospitalized cancer patients’ receiving radiotherapy. Methods: The study design was quasi-experimental Pre test Post test control group design. Total of 100 participants, 50 in each intervention and control group were included. The subjects in the intervention group received four PMR exercise sessions in 4weeks along with routine standardized treatment while subjects in control group received treatment as usual with no added intervention. Results: There was significant difference (p<0.01) in Pre NPRS (4.42±2.35) to post NPRS (3.44±2.05) scores among intervention group (PMR). Pre assessment mean fatigue scores (CFS) of subjects were 33.80±10.62 in intervention group (PMR) and 33.24±7.02 in controls where as post assessment CFS were 28.52±12.74 and 36.52±7.53 in intervention and control group respectively. There was significant (p<0.01) reduction in pre to post CFS in PMR group while fatigue increased significantly (p<0.01) in control group. Conclusion: PMR along with routine standard treatment is effective in reducing pain and fatigue among hospitalized cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.
Are anatomical landmark measurements accurate for predicting endotracheal tube depth?
Authors: Mangar Devanand , Sprenker Collin Jurgen , Karlnoski Rachel Anne , McDonough John P , Dodson Robert K , Brashears Bill H , Downes Katheryne L , Camporesi Enrico M
Published: October 2013

Background: A traditional method for depth of intubation in adult patients is taping the endotracheal tube (ETT) at the upper incisors a distance of 21 or 23 cm for women and men respectively (21/23 method). A novel “topographical” measurement for estimating proper intubation depth has been suggested as a better depth predictor compared to the 21/23 method.   Objectives: To compare the 21/23 method to topographical measurements. Methods: 100 ASA physical status I-II patients scheduled for elective surgery were enrolled. The 21/23 method was initially utilized for intubation and the ETT tip to carina distance was then fiberoptically measured. Anatomical (topographical) measurements were then obtained from each patient by adding the distance from the corner of the mouth to the mandibular angle to the distance from the mandibular angle to the center of the sternal notch and were recorded as the topographical intubation depth. Both measurements were assessed for percentage of ETTs that fell outside of our desired tip to carina range of 2-4 cm. Results: After the 21/23 method, 29% of ETTs fell outside our desired tip to carina range compared to 47% of ETTs with the topographical method (p=0.010). No correlation was found between the topographical measurements and airway length (upper incisors to vocal cords) (r=0.248). Conclusions: Topographical measurements were not re-confirmed as an accurate intubation method and were found to be less reliable than the 21/23 method. We maintain that regardless of ETT insertion method utilized, the gold standard to ensure accurate ETT placement is fiberoptic inspection.
Understanding undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge of, and attitudes to, prenatal genetic screening in Malaysia: A preliminary study
Authors: Soon Lean Keng , Pricilia Dew Maria Stephen , Lai Sue Yi
Published: October 2013

Background: Nursing students must be able to ensure that patients understand important health screening information. However, studies have reported a deficit in nursing students’ knowledge of genetics and genetic disorders. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate nursing students’ knowledge of, and attitudes to prenatal genetic screening. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted with final year undergraduate nursing students recruited from a tertiary teaching hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia. Thirty-four of the 37 students returned a self-administered questionnaire (response rate=97%) that assessed knowledge of, and attitudes to, prenatal genetic screening. Findings: The majority of the respondents demonstrated an adequate level of knowledge regarding prenatal genetic screening (65%), and 62% were more supportive than others of screening. Approximately one third (35%) had limited knowledge. Simple linear regression analysis uncovered a significant linear relationship between the attitude score and the knowledge score (R2=0.48, P<0.05, 95% confidence interval). Conclusions: These findings suggest the need to improve and upgrade the nursing education strategy concerning genetics. The deficit in nursing students’ knowledge of prenatal genetic screening may result in inappropriate counselling, health teaching and referrals, which can have serious repercussions.
Study on ecological awareness and performance of nursing personnel in dialysis units
Authors: Zyga Sofia , Baroutsou Panagiota , Prezerakos Panagiotis , Lazakidou Athina , Rekleiti Maria , Malliarou Maria M
Published: October 2013

Introduction: When designing new hospital construction or refurbishment can be adopted green practices both in design and in construction and operation. Objective: To explore the ecological awareness and behavior of nursing staff in a dialysis unit. Methods: This survey involved 90 Registered Nurses and Nurses’ aides of General Hospitals in the Capital (Athens) and in province of Greece (Region of Peloponnese). These individuals were given an overall anonymous self-completed questionnaire. Results: The most important finding is that 70.8% considered as mandatory an organized effort to protect the environment in their workplace. Nurses think that greater environmental awareness is obtained 37.1% by using guidelines, 23.6% with relative stimulation, and 20.2% with educational lectures, 10.1% using poster and 6.7% in view educational videos. Finally, the correlations of ecological awareness with demographic characteristics of the sample revealed that older nursing staff with more years of working experience knows about environmental management (p-value=0.012). At the same time, gender (p-value=0,030) and educational level of the nursing staff plays an important role in the knowledge of it (p-value=0,044). Conclusions: To control costs and environmental pollution guidelines for saving energy and water and the use of environmentally friendly materials should be implemented. Thus, hospitals can become more competitive by reducing the amount of natural resources used.
Solutions of Fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov Equations By FCT method; This paper has been withdrawn
Authors: Molliq R. Yulita
Published: October 2013

This paper has been withdrawn
Design of Dual Band Patch Antennas for Cellular Communications by Genetic Algorithm Optimization
Authors: Jayasinghe Jeevani , Uduwawala Disala , Anguera Jaume
Published: October 2013

Designing multiband antennas with low volume becomes of practical interest for mobile telecommunications. This paper presents the designs of five small dual band patch antennas for GSM 1800 (1710-1880MHz) and Bluetooth (2400-2483.5MHz) applications using a genetic algorithm combined with MoM (Method of Moments). A substrate with dielectric constant 3.2 and height 8mm is used for the first two dual band designs. The height is reduced thanks to the optimization process to 6mm in the third design by inserting a shorting pin to the fragmented patch antenna. Further the height is reduced to 4mm in the by inserting two shorting pins. In the final design with three shorting pins, the height is only 3mm. The patch dimensions are similar to that of the conventional rectangular patch for the center frequency of the lowest frequency band but with the advantage of having dual-band operation at the desired bands. Genetic algorithm optimization is used to optimize the patch geometry, feed position and shorting positions. HFSS is used to carry out simulations. The antenna thickness is reduced from 8mm to 3mm by incorporating shorting pins which position is optimized by the genetic algorithm.
Common Fixed Points of Weakly Compatible Mappings in ~-Chainable Intuitionistic Fuzzy Metric Spaces
Authors: Mehra Seema
Published: October 2013

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of~-chainable intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces and prove a common fixed point theorem for four weakly compatible mappings in this newly defined space. Our result is intuitionistic fuzzy version of Cho and Jung's [1] and Mukherjee's [9] results in ~-chainable fuzzy metric space.
An ant colony system for solving fuzzy flow shop scheduling problem
Authors: Pour Nasser Shahsavari , Ashkezari Mohammad hossein Abolhasani , Andargoli Hamed Mohammadi
Published: October 2013

During the past years, the flow shop has been regarded by many researchers and some extensive investigations have been done on this respect. Flow Shop includes n works performed on m machines in a same sequence. It is very difficult in the real world to determine the exact process time of an operation on a machine. Therefore, we consider in this article the process time as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Our purpose is that we obtain a sequence of works using such fuzzy numbers in order to minimize maximum fuzzy time of completion entire jobs or fuzzy makespan. We offered an optimization algorithm of Ant Colony System (ACS) to solve this problem. Finally, we present computational results for explanation and comparison with other articles in future.
Calculating the Fuzzy Project Network Critical Path
Authors: Pour Nasser Shahsavari , Zeynali Samira , Kheradmand Mansoor
Published: October 2013

A project network consists of various activities. To determine the length of project time and the amount of the needed sources, the time of project completion must correctly and exactly be calculated, so the critical path is calculated. The activities on this path have no floating. It means that there is no delay on these activities. As a result the calculation of the critical path in a project network has a special importance. In this paper a simple method for calculation the critical path is proposed. Assignment an exact time on any activity in real world is not correct; So the fuzzy and uncertainty theories are used to assigned a length of time on any activities. In the present study the trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are assigned to the length of activity time, and the total time of the project is also a fuzzy number. In addition, to compare the fuzzy numbers, ranking of fuzzy numbers are used. Finally a practical example will show the efficiency of the method.
Host-Parasitoid Model With Intraspecific Competitions
Authors: Sahoo Banshidhar , Poria Swarup
Published: October 2013

In this paper a discrete-time host-parasitoid model with intraspecific competitions is proposed. Phase portraits are drawn for different types of intraspecific competitions to notice the effects of intraspecific competitions for biologically reasonable range of parameter values. Bifurcation analysis is done with respect to instantaneous search rate as well as handling time for different types of intraspecific competitions. Many forms of complex dynamics such as chaos, periodic windows etc. are observed. The stable coexistence as well as oscillatory coexistence of host and parasitoid are shown under different types of intraspecific competitions. The Hopf point and attractor crises exist for different intraspecific competitions.
Socio Technical Impact of Broadband Services in Baluchistan
Authors: Ahthasham Saira , Shaikh Aftab Ahmed , Iqbal Muhammad , Sajid Ahtsham , Shahzad Amir
Published: October 2013

Broadband infrastructure is a key component of knowledge economy. Broadband service both on fixed and mobile networks are becoming an indicator of the knowledge economy. Globally it is viewed that countries with developed broadband infrastructures are working more efficiently and effectively towards social and economic growth. To achieve worldwide broadband connectivity level Government of Pakistan and industry must play a combine role for the betterment and improvement of the said industry. Government and market players must come up with innovative broadband packages that can capture the customer demand. This paper analysis market trends, customer expectation and socio-technical impact of broadband service in Baluchistan.
Improvement of BGP Session Maintenance
Authors: Amin Sadia , Ahthasham Saira , Shaikh Aftab Ahmed , Sajid Ahthasham , Mehmood Mirza Aamir
Published: October 2013

In the early days, the Internet used static routes, but very quickly network administrators couldnt keep manually updating their routing tables. Later, Internet network administrator used a protocol called EGP but EGP was not scalable so BGP was introduced to solve all problems and more. BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol and the most current version is BGP4. BGP is a routing protocol that runs on routers. BGP allows fully decentralized management of the Internet. That means, if BGP router is on the Internet, it can tell all other routers that what networks are available to everyone in the world. BGP calls each routing domain an autonomous system (AS). It selects the best path, through the Internet, by choosing the route that has to traverse the fewest autonomous systems. As BGP provides information for controlling the flow of packets between ASes, the protocol plays a critical role in Internet efficiency, reliability, and security. However, slow convergence and abnormal termination of session are major vulnerability of BGP. Simplifying BGP design complexity helps in research, for the root cause analysis of BGP. Deriving technique to prevent the loss of data, reduce the convergence time and maintaining the sessions of BGP by instantly diverting the traffic from teardown / flapped link to the backup link considering as active link. It will be a great success to achieve the goal to maintain the sessions and reduce the BGP convergence time.
Performance of the Salt Bridge Based Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Khan Maksudur R. , Bhattacharjee Ripon , Amin M. S. A.
Published: October 2013

Electricity generation from readily biodegradable organic substrates accompanied by decolorization of azo dye was investigated using a Microbial fuel cell (MFC). Biodegradation was the dominant mechanism of the dye removal, and glucose was the optimal substrate for Red Cibacron-2G (RC) decolorization. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the MFC. As compared to traditional anaerobic technology higher decolorization efficiency was achieved by MFC. Effect of initial dye concentration and external resistance on power generation were studied. Polarization experiments were also directed to find the maximum power density. Maximum Power density of 100mW/m2 (1.04A/m2) was recorded at optimum operating conditions.
Reduced Size & Wide Band Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna loaded with �STRR� at 1.52GHz, �This paper has been withdrawn�
Authors: Garg Bimal , Sharma Vijay , Agrawal Nitin , Dubey Prashant
Published: October 2013

This paper has been withdrawn
Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Incorporated with Innovative Metamaterial Structure for Dual band operation and Amelioration in Patch Antenna Parameters with Negative � and ?
Authors: Garg Bimal , Verma Rahul Dev , Samadhiya Ankit
Published: October 2013

In this work a dual band rectangular microstrip patch antenna along with the innovative metamaterial structure is proposed at a height of 3.2mm from the ground plane, which consists of a rectangular geometry incorporated with c shaped structure. This work is mainly focused on increasing the potential parameters of microstrip patch antennas and analyzing the dual band operation of proposed antenna. The proposed antenna is designed to resonate at 2.478GHz and 2.919GHz frequency. The impedance bandwidth of the patch antenna along with the proposed metamaterial structure at 2.478GHz is improved by 20.4MHz and return loss is reduced by 20.128dB. At 2.919GHz the impedance bandwidth is improved by 25.4MHz and return loss is reduced by 19.564dB. For verifying that the proposed metamaterial structure possesses Negative values of Permeability and Permittivity within the operating frequency ranges, Nicolson-Ross-Weir method (NRW) has been employed. For simulation purpose CST-MWS Software has been used.
Design a Microstrip Band Pass Filter for 6 GHz, �This paper has been withdrawn�
Authors: Jadaun Veerendra Singh , Sharma Pavan , GUPTA HEMANT , Mahor Devesh Kumar
Published: October 2013

This paper has been withdrawn.
Design & Investigation of Five Element Liquid yagi uda antenna at L-band(1Ghz)applications
Authors: Patidar Deepak Kumar , Singhal P.K , Gupta Hemant Kumar , Prjapati Rajkumar
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this paper is to design a liquid yagi uda antenna at 1 GHz for L-band Application. The designing formulas and structure were discussed. The antenna characteristics like return loss with different liquids are filled in the all the yagi elements were also discussed in this paper.
A new approach to solving the time-cost trade-off problem based on the genetic algorithm and fuzzy theory
Authors: Pour Nasser Shahsavari , Ghamginzadeh Arman , Pour Kheradmand Mansoor
Published: October 2013

Time and cost are two important and controllable objectives in project structures which are considerably dependent on each other. Recently, beneficiaries demands for cost and time reduction in completing a project have been increased. This study proposes a new method for time-cost trade off problem (TCTP) in uncertainty condition. To solve the model a multi objective genetic algorithm has been integrated with fuzzy theory. Efficiency of this algorithm is demonstrated through an existing case example from the literature. Finally to make the algorithm more efficient the existing parameters in the model have been set through Taguchi method.
Generation of Bio-electricity by Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Khan Maksudur R. , Karim M. R. , Amin M. S. A.
Published: October 2013

Renewable energy is an increasing need in our society. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology represents a new technology for the regeneration of electricity from what would otherwise be considered waste and can be a vital candidate for energy in this respect. Electricity directly generated by using bacteria while accomplishing wastewater treatment in MFC processes. The present study deals with performance of proton exchange membrane and cation exchange resin for ion transfer. The effect of dimension of Resin Bridge on electricity generation and COD removal was reported. A maximum voltage of 10.5 mV was observed at 400ppm of KMnO4 along with 400ml of dairy in an anode chamber. Average COD removal was in the range of 70% to 90%.
Monopole Antenna with Modify Ground Plane
Authors: Rajoriya Kamal raj Singh , Singhal P.K.
Published: October 2013

This paper presents on modified the ground plane of monopole antenna with varying the shape and length. Basically the length of ground plane of monopole antenna is equal and greater than ?/4. Here analyzed a different ground plane of monopole antenna that is provided an efficient bandwidth with sufficient return loss.
Optimization a new mathematical model of hybrid flow shop work order problem by the Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Pour Nasser Shahsavari , Asadi Hamed , Kheradmand Mansoor
Published: October 2013

In competitive business, one of the challenges of management in industrial units is reducing the prime cost. Hybrid flow shop is one of the common production environments which lead to a significant decrease in production costs if it has a good and appropriate scheduling in production. Hybrid flow-shop problems overcome one of the limitations of the classical flow-shop model by allowing parallel processors at each stage of task Processing. In this paper we study the hybrid flow shop work order problems. A brief enumeration of the essential constraints that characterize this kind of organization is given. Problem is minimizing the production and inventory cost in Hybrid flow-shop organization. To solve problem we used the genetic algorithm to obtain the minimum of production cost. An illustrative example explains in detail the feature of the proposed model.
Finite element solution of thermal radiation effect on unsteady MHD flow past a vertical porous plate with variable suction, �This paper has been withdrawn�
Authors: Gundagani Murali , Reddy MCK , Babu NVN , Sivaiah S.
Published: October 2013

This paper has been withdrawn.
Slotted Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna Designs for multiband Application in Wireless Communication
Authors: Gupta Hemant Kumar , Singhal P.K. , Sharma Pavan Kumar , Jadon Veerendra Singh
Published: October 2013

The paper present the Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna designs with slit-slot for multiband purpose in wireless communication. We have designed a circular microstrip patch antenna (CMPA) for 1.3GHz used in wireless communication. We have designed CMPA with 2slit slot, 3slit-slot, and 6slit-slot and observed results for different designs, and finally it is shown that as slit-slot increases to six slit-slot Return-loss and Bandwidth of CMPA are reduced.The multiband antenna use for wireless communication in different applications. Bandwidth improvement is about 63.3%, 72.10% and 37.5% respectively in two, three and six slit-slotted patch when compared to their basic design bandwidth band. Antenna is changed to multiband by slit-slot Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna (CMPA).
A High Gain & Wide Band Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna loaded with �Interconnected SRR� Metamaterial Structure
Authors: Singhal Pramod , Garg Bimal
Published: October 2013

Communication applications require wide band and highly directive planner antennas. For such requirement this work deals with the analysis and simulation of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna loaded with INTERCONNECTED SRR metamaterial structure at a height of 3.2mm from the ground plane. The work also investigates the potential properties of the proposed metamaterial structure. The proposed Antenna is designed at a operating frequency of 2.75GHz to meet S-Band (2-4GHz) applications. By loading Interconnected SRR metamaterial structure with the rectangular patch antenna at a height of 3.2mm, the antennas bandwidth is found to be increased up to 378MHz and return loss is reduced to -42.2dB i.e. the potential properties like return loss, bandwidth, directivity and total efficiency of the proposed antenna increases to a great extent in comparison to the rectangular patch antenna alone. Double Negative properties of metamaterial have been proved by Nicolson-Ross-weir (NRW) method.
Digital design and optimization of higher order adaptive system using Continuous genetic algorithm
Authors: Yadav Vijay , Bhadauria Sarita Singh
Published: October 2013

An algorithm for design and optimization of higher order adaptive system are presented in this paper. In this work, the algorithm applied on the continuous search space parameter rather than discrete search space parameter. A new continuous genetic operator such that Rank based selection, Normal crossover and mutations are used to improve the rate of convergence and solution quality has been proposed.
Enhancing the Performance of Microstrip Circuit Using Defected Ground Structure
Authors: Mahor Devesh Kumar , Verma Atal , Jadaun Veerendra Singh , Sharma Pavan Kumar
Published: October 2013

This paper focuses how to enhance the performance of microstrip circuits using DGS. A DGS is a defected ground structure where the ground plane metal of a microstrip circuit is intentially modified to enhance performance. Finally, the main application of DGS in microwave technology fields are summarized and the evolution trend of DGS is given.
Yagi-Uda Antenna For L-Band Frequency Range
Authors: Sharma Gulshan , Sharma Anand N. , Duvey Ashish , Singhal P. K.
Published: October 2013

A yagi-uda antenna for L-band (1- 2GHz) frequency range is presented. The designing formulas and related antenna characteristics such as return loss, radiation pattern and gain were also discussed in this paper.
Microstrip Planner Five-element Yagi-Uda Antenna for ISM Band Application, �This paper has been withdrawn�
Authors: Patidar Deepak , Singhal P.K , Gupta Hemant Kumar , Sharma Gulshan
Published: October 2013

This paper has been withdrawn.
A Wideband Printed Antenna for Covering Major Cellular Bands with a C- Shaped Patch
Authors: Misra P. , Tripathy A.
Published: October 2013

In this paper the design of a new multistandard antenna is proposed suitable for major cellular bands. A C-shaped radiator with a microstrip feed line is proposed which supports major cellular communication band like AWS, DCS, DECT, PCS, PHS, 3G, UMTS, DSR, Wi-Bro, ISM, and DMB in the range of 1.7- 2.9 GHz. The designed antenna is simulated using CST Microwave Studio to achieve such wide frequency coverage. The simulation results of the designed structure in terms of return loss, VSWR and radiation pattern are presented.
An Approach for Solving Linear Fractional Programming Problems
Authors: Odior Andrew Oyakhobo
Published: October 2013

Linear fractional programming problems are useful tools in production planning, financial and corporate planning, health care and hospital planning and as such have attracted considerable research interest. The paper presents a new approach for solving a fractional linear programming problem in which the objective function is a linear fractional function, while the constraint functions are in the form of linear inequalities. The approach adopted is based mainly upon solving the problem algebraically using the concept of duality and partial fractions and an example is given to clarify the developed method.
Constructal Hypothesis for Mechanical Deformation
Authors: Chatterjee Atanu
Published: October 2013

Mild Steel specimen, when subjected to tensile forces shows considerable plastic deformation before fracture. A cross-section of the fractured specimen has the familiar cup cone form and shows traces of a three dimensional parabolic geometry. The morphing of the steel specimen from a volume to a point as a spontaneous, entropy producing or energy dispersing process is analysed using the Constructal law.
Designing Microstrip Low Pass Filter In ISM Band For Rectenna System
Authors: Sharma Pavan , Jadaun Veerendra , Mahor Devesh , Verma Atal
Published: October 2013

The filter is required in all RF-communication techniques. Low Pass Filters play an important role in wireless power transmission systems. Transmitted and received signals have to be filtered at a certain frequency with a specific bandwidth. In this paper the design of filter is done in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band whose frequency lies between 1.55GHz- 3.99GHz. After getting the specifications required, we realized the filter structure with the help of CST-MW software.
Comparison of different orders optimization using Continuous Genetic Algorithm �THIS PAPER HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN�
Authors: Yadav Vijay , Bhadauria S.S.
Published: October 2013

THIS PAPER HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN
Study on Dual-Concentric-Core Dispersion Compensating Photonic Crystal Fiber
Authors: Habib Md. Selim , Habib Md. Samiul , Razzak S.M.A
Published: October 2013

The dual-concentric-core photonic crystal fiber composed of pure silica and air is proposed in this paper. Around 1.55 ?m, it exhibits a negative chromatic dispersion as high as 20000 ps/(km.nm). The finite element method with perfectly matched absorbing layers boundary condition is used to investigate the guiding properties. The explanations to propagation states of the fundamental mode and the second mode are given elaborately
Finite Element Analysis of Disc Insulator Type and Corona Ring Effect on Electric Field Distribution over 230-kV Insulator Strings
Authors: Akbari Ebrahim , Mirzaie Mohammad , Rahimnejad Abolfazl , Asadpoor Mohammad Bagher
Published: October 2013

Insulator strings are widely used in power systems for the dual task of mechanically supporting and electrically isolating the live phase conductors from the support tower. However, the electric field and voltage distribution of insulator string is uneven which may easily lead to corona, insulators surface deterioration and even flashover. So the calculation of the electric field and voltage distribution along them is a very important factor in the operation time. Besides, despite the variety of insulator material and profiles, no remarkable endeavor regarding their impacts upon electric field distribution has been made so far. In this paper, three-dimensional Finite Element Method (3-D FEM) softwareMaxwell is employed to simulate several 230-kV insulator strings with various types of porcelain and glass disc insulators and the electric field along them were compared, to investigate the effect of insulator types on electric field distribution.