bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On -Line UPS with Low Frequency Transformer for Isolation
Authors: Hussein Husham
Published: April 2020

This paper addressed the design of online uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system with a low frequency transformer for isolation, based on given specifications which include bypass switch and battery and taken into account the concentrated on open loop operation. Depending on the application, the online UPS system is composed by two stage conversions of AC/DC and DC/AC, the enclosure of these freeloading effects of all components and devices is very important to design the UPS system for acceptable performance. The initial stage of the design is based on the theoretical calculations and few assumptions have been made throughout the design. Simulation work has been carried out by MATLAB/Simulink program to validate the operation of the online UPS system with low frequency transformer isolation. The analysis of the results are presented and the justifications with regards to performance evaluation parameters which some are not satisfied the design specifications are discussed in details.
Matlab/Simulink Modeling of Four-leg Voltage Source Inverter With Fundamental Inverter output Voltages Vector Observation
Authors: Omar Riyadh , Thejel Rabee
Published: April 2020

Four-leg voltage source inverter is an evolution of the three-leg inverter, and was ought about by the need to handle the non-linear and unbalanced loads. In this work Matlab/ Simulink model is presented using space vector modulation technique. Simulation results for worst conditions of unbalanced linear and non-linear loads are obtained. Observation for the continuity of the fundamental inverter output voltages vector in stationary coordinate is detected for better performance. Matlab programs are executed in block functions to perform switching vector selection and space vector switching.
Speed Control of BLDC Motor Based on Recurrent Wavelet Neural Network
Authors: Obed Adel , Saleh Ameer
Published: April 2020

In recent years, artificial intelligence techniques such as wavelet neural network have been applied to control the speed of the BLDC motor drive. The BLDC motor is a multivariable and nonlinear system due to variations in stator resistance and moment of inertia. Therefore, it is not easy to obtain a good performance by applying conventional PID controller. The Recurrent Wavelet Neural Network (RWNN) is proposed, in this paper, with PID controller in parallel to produce a modified controller called RWNN-PID controller, which combines the capability of the artificial neural networks for learning from the BLDC motor drive and the capability of wavelet decomposition for identification and control of dynamic system and also having the ability of self-learning and self-adapting. The proposed controller is applied for controlling the speed of BLDC motor which provides a better performance than using conventional controllers with a wide range of speed. The parameters of the proposed controller are optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The BLDC motor drive with RWNN-PID controller through simulation results proves a better in the performance and stability compared with using conventional PID and classical WNN-PID controllers.
Sistem Visual Asian Games 2018: Upaya Memetakan Rumusan Konsep Visual yang Digunakan
Authors: Paramayuga Daru , Tanrere Rezki
Published: April 2020

Peristiwa olahraga Asian Games tahun 2018 yang diselenggarakan di Indonesia ini mungkin akan mengandung upaya branding di dalamnya, agar peristiwa ini mendapat tanggapan positif dari masyarakat secara nasional, regional, maupun internasional. Salah satu upayanya adalah melibatkan bidang desain komunikasi visual, untuk berperan dan berkontribusi dalam mengorganisasikan satuan dan elemen-elemen visual yang diproduksinya. Penelitian yang kami lakukan menitik beratkan pada melacak derivat elemen-elemen visual Asian Games 2018 yang bersumber dari logo utamanya.
Analisis Perubahan Desain Logo Gojek Tahun 2019
Authors: Everlin Shierly , Erlyana Yana
Published: April 2020

Pembentukan identitas dalam bentuk logo sebagai salah satu alat komunikasi yang digunakan dalam menyampaikan visi dan misi perusahaan ke depan. Analisis perubahan logo perusahaan Gojek ini diharapkan bisa menambah wawasan mengenai pentingnya sebuah desain logo untuk menggambarkan citra perusahaan dan juga menarik perhatian masyarakat. Perubahan logo yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan Gojek ini didasari adanya pengembangan pelayanan yang ditawarkan sehingga harus disertai dengan perubahan desain logo baru. Desain logo yang baik dapat mewakili perusahaan dan juga mudah diingat oleh publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian studi kasus, dimana penelitian ini bersifat eksplanatoris dimana data diinterpretasikan oleh peneliti dan diolah melalui pengamatan, pencatatan, sesuai dengan kategori yang dipakai berdasarkan metode analisis dengan menggunakan dasar teori segitiga makna Peirce. Perubahan desain logo yang dilakukan karena adanya perubahan pada pelayanan dan jasa yang ditawarkan oleh Gojek kepada penggunanya. Gojek mulai memperluas layanan sehingga perlu mengubah logo agar sesuai dengan citra perusahaannya yang baru. Dari hasil analisis, tampilan desain logo Gojek yang baru bersifat universal, longlasting, memorable, fleksibel, unik, dan sederhana.
Kajian Fenomena Viral Meme Internet Chuck Norris
Authors: Khasanah Annisa Nurul , Mansoor Alvanov
Published: April 2020

Meme Internet merupakan salah satu komedi kontemporer yang menyebar melalui jaringan internet global yang dirancang memalui pembajakan dan pengubah-suaian konten keseharian manusia dan populer. Meme internet Chuck Norris adalah salah satu meme populer yang menyebar secara global pada tahun 2007 sampai 2015. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memaparkan menganalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif yang dikaji dengan teori Tipping Point dari Malcolm Gladwell. Adapun temuan penelitian ini adalah fenomena populernya meme internet Chuck Norris disebabkan oleh penggunaan penekanan konten keseharian yang dibuat bombastis dan penunggangan pada konten populer lain yang menyebar melalui forum online dan media sosial.
Analisis Elemen Visualisasi Budaya Kematian dalam Film Animasi "Coco"
Authors: Amelinda Felita Malva , Franzia Elda
Published: April 2020

Film animasi “Coco” karya Studio Pixar (2017) mengangkat upacara adat Dia de los Muertos atau “Hari Kematian” yang dilaksanakan dan dibudayakan oleh masyarakat Meksiko setiap awal November atau tanggal 31 Oktober. Upacara ini diadakan untuk menghormati kerabat mereka yang telah tiada. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk memahami secara mendalam tema dan visualisasi fim tersebut, dan pengaruhnya terhadap hasil film secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif, untuk pemaparan elemen-elemen visual film. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui berbagai sumber visual dan referensi pustaka, untuk menganalisis tanda-tanda visual pada film animasi “Coco”. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggambaran kematian dalam film tidak selalu harus berhubungan dengan elemen-elemen visual yang pada umumnya diasosiasikan dengan kematian seperti suasana suram yang diciptakan dengan spektrum warna gelap. Visualisasi film “Coco” dibuat untuk merayakan dan menghormati kerabat yang sudah tidak ada. Film ini dengan tema yang diangkat pada akhirnya dapat mendorong penonton untuk mengidentifikasikan cerita yang diangkat dengan budaya mereka dan mendorong pula popularitas film ini dengan masyarakat Meksiko.
Perspektif Perempuan Urban di Jakarta pada Perubahan Majalah Digital
Authors: Wardhani Ariani
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang persepsi perempuan terhadap penggunaan majalah digital yang sudah cukup lama beredar. Tidak semua para perempuan Indonesia mau menerima perubahan penggunaan majalah digital, namun semua itu ada penyebabnya dikarenakan mereka masih merasa nyaman dalam membaca majalah cetak. Penggunaan antara majalah cetak ke digital selain banyak mengandung unsur pergeseran budaya juga menghasilkan persepsi yang berbeda. Setiap pembaca memiliki proses menerima rangsangan atau data dari berbagai sumber sebelum menghasilkan persepsi dalam sesuatu. Kebanyakan data yang diperoleh dari panca indera dari pembaca, sehingga dapat mempelajari sebelum mencerna dari melihat, merasakan, mencium, mendengar, atau menyentuhnya. Ketika diadakannya focus group discussion setiap individu pembaca perempuan memiliki faktor-faktor sebelum mempersepsikan ketika membaca majalah cetak dan digital. Penelitian ini mencari tentang persepsi perempuan urban terutama di Jakarta dalam membaca majalah digital, sehingga hasil dari penelitian ini dapat berguna bagi kemajuan majalah digital di Indonesia.
Eksplorasi Visual Naratif Indonesia-Tionghoa dalam Film Karya Mahasiswa
Authors: Santyaputri Lala , Nursalim Olivia , Karenina Catherine
Published: April 2020

Indonesian-Chinese in Indonesian films rarely become the main subject of the narrative and even still marginalized. Marginalization in Indonesian-Chinese looks back at the Indonesian history, which doesn’t provide the similar space as other Indonesian citizens. The development of Indonesian films now gives new space to new filmmakers, especially those academicaly speaking graduated from film schools. Narative and visual analysis was carried out on two works on Indonesian-Chinese by using a narrative research methodology with a qualitative approach. Stages of research conducted by the director will be the starting point in this research, especially in studying history. The research objects of these studies taken the biopic documentary "Lebih Cina dari Tionghoa" (2019), and the fiction genre film "Bulikan"(2019). These two films represent present-day and Indonesian-Chinese representations. This research is a study of representation on the visualization and narration of film by young generation.
Pemanfaatan Media Audio Visual untuk Meningkatkan Keterlibatan Audiens dalam Belajar
Authors: Almira Rahma Anggi , Mutiaz Intan
Published: April 2020

Media adalah segala sesuatu, baik perangkat keras maupun perangkat lunak, yang dapat digunakan untuk mengirim pesan. Media audio visual (A-V) menyampaikan informasi melalui suara dan gambar secara bersamaan. Perkembangan pendidikan saat ini menjadikan penggunaan media A-V menjadi media pembelajaran yang populer karena dianggap dapat meningkatkan minat dan memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik dalam pembelajaran. Ini berbanding lurus dengan tingkat keterlibatan audiens dalam pembelajaran, semakin kuat keterlibatan audiens, semakin baik pemahaman akan diterima. Metode yang digunakan dalam ulasan artikel ini adalah membandingkan penggunaan tiga media A-V digital (animasi, naratif A-V, dan realitas virtual) sebagai media pembelajaran. Penulis menjelaskan bagaimana setiap media pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan audiens. Berdasarkan penelitian media pembelajaran A-V tersebut, kesimpulannya adalah media A-V dapat meningkatkan tingkat keterlibatan audiens dalam pembelajaran. Keterlibatan audiens dapat melalui pengalaman pengguna, emosi, atau fisik. Semakin interaktif media, semakin banyak elemen audiens akan terlibat dalam pembelajaran. Tujuan dari ulasan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis media A-V apa yang paling tepat untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan audiens dan bagaimana media tersebut dapat secara aktif melibatkan audiens dalam pembelajaran.
Konstruksi Citra Wanita dalam Media Online (Analisis Framing pada Popbela.Com)
Authors: Ayulestari Soemardi Ardita , Mutiaz Intan
Published: April 2020

Popbela.com merupakan media online yang menyajikan berita ataupun informasi seputar dunia wanita yang meliputi fashion, beauty, relationship, dan karir. Rubrik Fashion pada Popbela.com membahas aspek fashion dari dalam ataupun luar negeri yang menjadi tren. Sebagai media online yang menyiarkan informasi kepada publik, Popbela.com menampilkan citra wanita yang menjadi rujukan pada pembacanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menggunakan analisis William A. Gamson dan Modgliani berpendapat bahwa frame adalah cara bercerita yang menghadirkan konstruksi makna atas peristiwa-peristiwa yang berkaitan dengan objek suatu wacana. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana konstruksi makna dari tulisan pada rubrik fashion yang terkait dengan citra wanita dalam wacana Popbela.com. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi dokumenter data primer, dengan cara mengumpulkan artikel yang tertulis pada rubrik fashion pada Popbela.com dari tanggal 1-5 Desember 2019 dan analisis data berdasarkan hasil pengumpulan data tersebut. Artikel yang dipilih adalah artikel yang terpopuler pada saat periode tersebut. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa Popbela.com mengonstruksi wanita sebagai sosok yang ekspresif, suka mencari perhatian, melihat sosok ideal adalah wanita yang tinggi semampai, dan kecenderungan menyukai fashion item mewah berharga fantatis dipengaruhi oleh gaya fashion selebriti yang menjadi panutannya.
Perceived barriers to help-seeking for depression among secondary school students in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adeosun I , Adegbohun A , Peters T , Jeje O , Bello A , Manuwa O
Published: April 2020

Objective: In spite of a wide range of effective treatment options, a huge treatment gap persists for depression among adolescents especially in low and middle-income countries. The barriers to help seeking for depression among Nigerian adolescents are currently under-researched. Identifying these barriers is critical to the design of interventions towards better utilisation of mental health services. This study assessed the barriers to help-seeking for depression among adolescent secondary school students in Lagos Nigeria.

Method: Using a cross-sectional study design, 156 adolescent students attending a public co-educational secondary school in Lagos, south-West Nigeria completed a vignette-based questionnaire which assessed barriers to help-seeking for depression. The vignette depicted an adolescent with depression according to the DSM-1V criteria.

Result: The mean age of the participants was 15.9 (± 1.1) years and 49% were males. The most commonly perceived barrier to help-seeking for depression was stigma (50.6%). Other barriers reported included disapproval by families/friends (21.2%), illness-related factors (7.7%), negative attitudes to treatment (7.1%), financial constraint (5.1%), ignorance (3.9%) and preference for spiritual treatment (3.9%).

Conclusion: Stigma, ignorance, misperceptions and negative attitudes to treatment are major barriers to help-seeking for depression among adolescents. Destigmatisation and mental health literacy interventions are crucial steps towards facilitating help-seeking among adolescents with depression.
Determinants of coital frequency and adaptations during pregnancy in a South-western Nigerian town
Authors: Sotunsa JO , Imaralu JO , Ani FI , Olaleye AO
Published: April 2020

Objective: To determine the trends in the frequency of coital intercourse in pregnancy, the factors responsible for these changes and adaptations by couples in Sagamu, Southwestern Nigeria.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey, examined the determinants of coital sexual frequency and adaptations for coitus in pregnancy among 364 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu.

Results: Decline in coital frequency occurred in 51.3% of respondents; with increasing maternal age (p=0.016, 95% CI=0.013-0.017), monogamous marriage setting (p<0.001), duration of marriage (p<0.001) and lack of awareness of HIV status (p<0.001) having significant deterrent effects. Parity (p=0.355, 95% CI=0.3450.364) and co-habitation with spouse (p=0.094, 95%CI=0.088-0.099), however had no similar effect.

Although sexual dysfunction was observed (29.6% of respondents), this decline in frequency was caused mainly by uncomfortable position (51.7%). Consequently, the commonest change noted was a decreased use of the man-on-top position from 83.4% of the participants before pregnancy; to 32.7% during pregnancy. Most of the participants (76.6%) recommended continued coital activity in pregnancy.Conclusion: Coital sexual decline in pregnancy observed in Sagamu is less prevalent than reported and physical discomfort is mainly responsible for this decline. Health care providers can help couples maintain positive sexual behaviour in pregnancy against STIs and HIV .
The Impact of an educational intervention on knowledge of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among primary school teachers in Lagos Nigeria
Authors: Adeosun I , Ogun O , Adeyemo S , Bello A , Fatiregun O
Published: April 2020

Objective: Primary school teachers have been identified as important partners in the prompt recognition, referral and management of children with ADHD. However their capacity to function in these roles is hinged on their extent of knowledge about ADHD. Furthermore teachers' knowledge about ADHD may influence the education and clinical outcomes of children with ADHD. This study assessed the impact of an educational intervention program on knowledge about ADHD among primary school teachers in Lagos, Nigeria.

Method: An experimental study of the impact of a brief educational intervention on ADHD literacy among primary school teachers (n=144) in Lagos, Nigeria. At baseline, knowledge about symptoms and treatment of ADHD was elicited with a vignette-based questionnaire. The intervention consisted of the administration of an educational leaflet about ADHD, designed by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. One week post-intervention, the baseline assessments were repeated.

Results: At baseline, 92.4% of the teachers could not recognise features of ADHD. The majority were also unaware of the role of teachers, medications and psychological interventions in the management of children with ADHD. Post-intervention, significantly greater number of respondents compared with baseline (88.0% vs. 7.6%) correctly identified symptoms of ADHD (p<0.005), and agreed that ADHD could be successfully managed with medications (63.2% vs. 9.0%; p<0.005) and psychological treatment (79.2% vs. 16.7%; p<0.005).

Conclusion: A simple low-cost educational intervention is effective in improving knowledge about ADHD among primary school teachers in the shortterm. Further research is required to evaluate the impact of this intervention in the long term.
Perception and uptake of contraception among health workers in Ile-Ife, South-western Nigeria
Authors: Olaleye A , Orji E , Akintayo A , Olaleye A , Imaralu J
Published: April 2020

Objective: This study was carried out to assess the perception of health workers towards contraceptive methods, determine the proportion of health workers using modern contraceptive methods and identify factors influencing their contraceptive practice.

Methods: A cross sectional descriptive survey of 300 practicing nurses in the health facilities within Ile-Ife, Nigeria was done using pre-tested, self-administered semi-structured questionnaires.

Results: Most of the respondents were less than 30years, married, multiparous and had practised for more than 2years. Prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 75.2%. Knowledge of contraceptives was poorest for injectables and oral contraceptive pills (32% each). Twenty six percent of respondents believed that contraception should be limited to women who had completed their families, while 32.4% were either uncertain or disagreed with the safety of contraceptives. The commonest method used was the condom, though contraceptive choice varied with cadre of staff. Desire for another pregnancy was the main reason for discontinuing contraception (51.2%). Older age, religion and marriage positively influenced contraceptive use.

Conclusion: Knowledge and perception of contraception among nurses in Ile-Ife is relatively poor. Ensuring accurate information on contraception among this target group of health workers is an important step towards achieving success in the national family planning programme.
Perception of Prenatal Sex Selection among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a South Western Nigerian Town
Authors: Imaralu J , Ani FI , Olaleye AO , Sotunsa JO , Adelowo OO
Published: April 2020

Objective: To determine the perception of child sex selection and the factors affecting acceptance of assisted reproductive techniques for child sex selection among pregnant women in Ogun state, Southwestern Nigeria.

Methods: A cross sectional survey conducted among 400 antenatal clinic attendees in the three largest hospitals in Sagamu and its environs in Ogun state.

Results: Participants were mostly Yorubas (83.1%), Christians (71.5%) and had tertiary education (52.8%). The male child was preferred among respondents who indicated their choice (84.8%). Relative subfertility before index conception influenced the preference for a male child (p<0.001); it however, did not have any significant influence on awareness of methods of prenatal sex selection (p=0.965, CI=0.960-0.969). Presence of existing male children had a significantly negative effect on preferred child sex (p=0.377, CI=0.365-0.390). In-vitro fertilization with embryo transfer (71.3%) is the method of assisted conception most known to the respondents while selective embryo transfer is the commonest method of prenatal sex selection they are aware of (42.6%). Educational level (p<0.001), ethnicity (p<0.05) and religion (p<0.001), determined the acceptance of prenatal sex selection. Most (77.8%) of the respondents who welcomed the idea, would undergo procedures to have a male child; a choice which however did not significantly influence their opinion on legal regulation of these procedures.

Conclusion: Pregnant women in Sagamu are mostly aware of assisted reproductive techniques for prenatal sex selection and would consider them for difficulty in bearing male offspring. This choice however did not significantly affect their attitudes towards legal restrictions of sex selective procedures.
Bleeding patterns and weight gain in users of injectable progestogen-only contraceptives: A retrospective study
Authors: Sotunsa JO , Inofomoh A , Akinseku AK , Ani FI , Olatunji AO
Published: April 2020

Objective: Modern contraceptive methods have been very effective in family planning and well-being. The injectable contraceptives, though effective, had been discontinued by some users because of side effects like abnormal menstrual bleeding and weight gain. This study compared the pattern of menstrual bleeding and weight gain in users of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) and Norethisterone-Enanthate (Noristerat) in Sagamu.

Method: A retrospective study of 323 patients who used either DMPA or Noristerat over a 7-year period (January 2007 to December 2013). Data extracted from case notes included bio-data, parity, previous contraceptive methods and reasons for discontinuation of the contraceptives. Clients' weights, pattern of menstrual cycle and side effects were also documented for the rst, second and third visits, and up to 1 year after commencing the injectable contraceptives.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.72± 5.47 years. About 13.5% experienced no change in their menstrual cycle, but 55.9% and 58.9% of those who used Noristerat and DMPA respectively, had amenorrhoea by the end of one year. The mean weight was 62.89kg±12.84 for Noristerat group and  0.93kg±9.94 for DMPA group at commencement and 65.15kg±13.70 for Noristerat group and 64.05kg±10.30 for DMPA group at the end of one year. There was significant weight gain (p<0.05) in both groups by the end of the First year. Weight gain was perceived as a problem by 2% of Noristerat users and 0.9% users of DMPA.

Conclusion: There were significant weight changes with use of injectable contraceptives. However, very few clients perceived this as a problem. Amenorrhoea was the commonest menstrual change experienced by clients over the period.
Neonatal Resuscitation at a privately owned tertiary hospital in Nigeria: Knowledge gap among Health workers and need for sustenance
Authors: Solarin AU , Olutekunbi OA , Renner J , Akodu SO
Published: April 2020

Objective: Neonatal resuscitation has evolved over the last three decades from word of mouth teachings to organised methods. Resuscitation efforts are geared towards mitigating the adverse sequalae of perinatal asphyxia.  To evaluate the cognitive knowledge of  health workers primarily involved in care of newborn on neonatal resuscitation and document the effects neonatal resuscitation training course have on improving the knowledge of health workers.

Method: Standardized pre-test and post-test as used by American Academy of Pediatrics and American Heart Association (AAP/AHA) were administered to the health workers who participated in the neonatal resuscitation training course. Nurses and doctors were from three key departments- Paediatrics, Anaesthesia and, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The pass mark was set at a cut-off score of ≥ 70%. 

Results: Thirty health workers participated in the neonatal resuscitation course. 70% of them were nurses while 30% were doctors. 70% of the participants were from the department of paediatrics while participants from Anaesthesia and Obstetrics and Gynaecology accounted for 16.7% and 13.3% respectively. The mean pre-test and post-test scores among all participants were 40.65±18.05 and 68.00±16.36 respectively (p< 0.001). Participants from paediatrics performed better than other specialties (p <0.001).

Conclusion: There is an obvious knowledge gap among health workers directly involved in the care of the new born. Neonatal resuscitation training coursesand regular retraining can bridge this gap in knowledge.
Automated diagnosis of Tuberculosis: A review of advancements
Authors: Shobowale EO , Coker AO , Adegunle BA
Published: April 2020

Objective: A narrative review of advances in automated diagnostic tests for diagnosis of tuberculosis infections.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for tests on automation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis identication. Studies were selected and evaluated that tested for the performance of new and old methods in automated diagnosis with significant impact on the turn-around time of diagnosis and also positive impact on patient care with respect to outcomes.

Results: A total of 40 studies were included. Overall, the gene expert system was found to be superior when applied to respiratory samples as opposed to other body fluids when compared to other test methods.

High specificity estimates suggest that  Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATS) should be the first-line test for rapid diagnosis of meningitis, but that they also need to be combined with the result of other tests in order to rule out disease. 

Discussion: Fully automated liquid culture methods overall are superior to mycobacterial culture on solid media, in terms of speed of diagnosis, ease of use and their accuracy with several user friendly systems that can be applied to the Nigerian environment.

Conclusion: The DNA amplification tests provide a reliable way of increasing the specificity of diagnosis. Their superior diagnostic capability has been found to hold up in routine clinical practice, and they could confer several advantages on tuberculosis control programs.
Possible Risk factors in the occurrence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization among a group of Nigerian Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Oyedele TA , Folayan MO , Oziegbe EO
Published: April 2020

Objective: Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is systemic in origin, and affects one to four permanent first molars. It frequently affects the incisors also. Its aetiology remains unknown, with some evidence suggesting association with childhood diseases during the first four years of life, the use of antibiotics (amoxicillin, a macrolide), and exposure to dioxins.

This report is documented to highlight the  possible risk factors for MIH in four sets of  monozygotic twins.

Methods: A case series consisting of four related case  reports.

Results: In each of the four cases described, precipitating environmental factors could be identified. This ranged from prolonged use of antibiotics, to early childhood illnesses, prenatal maternal ill health, and long duration of breast feeding.

The possibility of genes in the aetiology of MIH is further strengthened by the observation in this study, that all the monozygotic twin pairs identified with MIH during public oral health screening exercises, had the lesion. 

Conclusion: The aetiology of MIH may be due to early childhood illnesses and the use of amoxicillin. Also, the possible role of genetic disposition needs to befurther investigated.
Level of preparedness of Religious Leaders for the Prevention of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria
Authors: Awopegba RO , Oladepo O , Solademi OB , Sotunsa JO , Ani FI
Published: April 2020

Objective: HIV/AIDS is a pandemic affecting over 3.2 million Nigerians. Over 90% of the African population belong to religious congregation and are often inuenced by the religious leaders. Since health education is a very effective tool in the control of HIV/AIDS, it is expedient to assess the level of preparedness of religious leaders for the prevention of HIV/AIDS so as to maximize opportunities of controlling this menace. This study aims to assess the preparedness of religious leaders to promote and support HIV/AIDS prevention.

Methodology: This is a cross sectional study involving 252  religious leaders (Christians and Islamic) from Oyo and Kaduna State Nigeria randomly selected across the senatorial districts of the state. Questionnaire was used to collect information about demographic characteristics, knowledge about HIV/AIDS education/promotion, history of HIV/AIDS training and the level of preparedness of the respondents for prevention of HIV/AIDS.

Results: Of the 252 respondents, from Oyo State (122) and Kaduna State (130), majority were male (96%), over 30 years of age (96.6%), willing to be screened for HIV(64.7%) and educated their congregation about HIV/AIDS (51.2%), had minimum of secondary education (89.6%) while 22.6% ever tested for HIV. Though 96.4% acknowledge the need for basic knowledge on HIV/AIDS, only 23.8% wanted to know its presentation while 5.6% wanted to know how to carefor persons affected with HIV.

Conclusion: Religious leaders had demonstrated high preparedness for the prevention of HIV-AIDS in this study. However, appropriate and consistent education and promotion is required for the clergy to identify challenges early and be capable of proffering appropriate solution.

Key words: HIV, AIDS, Religious leaders, HIV/AIDS education, faith-based organization, preparedness.
Prevalence of High Blood Pressure among Adolescents in a Private University in Nigeria
Authors: Ogu NC , Ladele AE , Afolabi DO , Sotunsa JO , Ani FI
Published: April 2020

Objectives: High blood pressure among adolescents is not as researched as it is among adults, notwithstanding that hypertension in adults is being tracked back to childhood. This study identied the prevalence of hypertension among adolescents, the age related pattern of prevalence and associated risk factors.

Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among university students who presented for preadmission medical examination. Blood pressuremeasurement was conducted and cut off reading was based on JNC VII classication for hypertension. 

Results: A total of 952 students had complete data. Participants were aged 14 – 19 years with a mean age of 16.6 ± 1.03 years. Prevalence of hypertensionamong the adolescents was 6.4%. High blood pressure (HBP) distribution was as follows; systolic HBP (54%), diastolic HBP (31.15%) and combinedsystolic and diastolic HBP (14.75%).

The risk factors significantly associated with HBP were male gender, obesity, overweight, alcohol, smoking and high blood sugar (p values 0.001, 0.039, 0.001, 0.016, and 0.001 respectively). However family history of hypertension was not significantly associated with hypertension (p=0.053). The majority of the adolescents with hypertension were unaware of the morbidity.

Conclusion: Hypertension is identifiable in adolescents  and it appears to increase with age. Notable risk factors for hypertension in adults are also associatedwith hypertension among adolescents. Regular screening will improve awareness and help mitigate the complications of this condition.
The Prevalence and Pattern of Refractive error in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Aham-Onyebuchi UO , Jagun OO , Betiku A , Olijide O , Leshi M
Published: April 2020

Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of refractive errors in Ogun State, Nigeria. The prevalence of blindness was also determined.

Method: A cross sectional descriptive survey.  Participants aged 15years and above were randomly selected from 1125 attendees of different community medical outreaches conducted in 5 Local government areas of Ogun State between August 2012 and March 2013. Participants underwent ocular examination and refraction (automated objective and subjective assessments).

Results: The sample consisted of 780 participants. Their mean age was 49.14 (±18.37), and 52.8% were females. About two-thirds [67.7%] had presenting visual acuity [VA] of at least 6/18, while 14.3% were legally blind [VA worse than 3/60].Astigmatism was the most prevalent refractive error [40%] but on conversion tospherical equivalents, hyperopia [28.5%] became the most prevalent error. Apart from refractive errors, cataract and glaucoma were found to be the other major causes of visual impairment amongst the respondents.

Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive errors and blindness in the study population was higher than previously documented with hyperopia being the most prevalent spherical equivalent refractive error. An urgent integration of primary eye care into the existing primary health care system for prevention of  blindness is advocated.
Career aspirations of a set of new intake students at a Government owned medical school in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Akinyinka MR , Ashipa T , Oluwole EO , Odusanya O , Alakija W
Published: April 2020

Objective: This study was carried out in order to identify the career aspirations of new intake of medical students in a government-owned school in Lagos Nigeria, the factors influencing their choice of a specialty and reasons behind the choice of a medical career and medical school.
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study that made use of a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire to elicit career aspirations of the total population of new intake of medical students in 200 level of study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Health research and Ethics Committee of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19 was used for data analysis.
Results: There was a 95.6% response rate (65/68). Over half of the respondents were in the 20 -29 year age group (53.8%) with a similar proportion of the students being female. A majority of respondents (82.1%) chose to study medicine on account of personal interest or love for the profession and would be willing to continue medical practice after graduation (83.1%). Surgery was the preferred specialty of most respondents (47.3%). The most common motive for choice of specialty was interest in, or love for the specialty (89.1%).
Conclusion: Desire for eventual specialization in one of the fields of medicine was evident at the early stages of the training programme. Counselling about medical specialties should therefore commence very early to provide guidance for new intakes.
Dental caries, frequency of refined sugar consumption and body mass index among freshmen undergraduate students in Nigeria
Authors: Oyedele TA , Jegede AT , Adetayo AM , Sodipo BO
Published: April 2020

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine association between dental caries and body mass index (BMI), and dental caries and frequency of sugar consumption freshmen undergraduate student in Nigeria.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 1,164 students between 15 to 23 years of age. The independent variables for this study included age, sex, socioeconomic status, BMI, frequency of consuming refined sugars between meals and action taken after consumption of refined sugars. Descriptive analysis was used for all the quantitative variables while inferential analysis using logistic regression was used to determine predictors of dental caries.

Results: A total of 1,164 students participated in the study, comprising 61.9% females and 38.1% males. The mean age of the participants was 18.13 (±4.99) and mean BMI was 21.68 (±7.93).  The prevalence of dental caries was 10.6% and the mean Decay Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) was 0.32 (±1.05). Age and socioeconomic status were the significant predictors of dental caries (p=0.02; p=0.04 respectively). However, there was increase odds of having dental caries in students with normal BMI ((AOR: 1.19; P=0.62), students that consumed refined sugar 3-4 between meals (AOR: 1.27; P=0.28) and students that did nothing after consumption of refined sugar (AOR: 1.43; P=0.51).

Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries in this study population was low, older students from middle socioeconomic status had significant caries prevalence and there were increase odds of dental caries in students with normal BMI, and in those that consumed refined sugars 3-4 times between meals.
Comparison Of The Effect Of Two-dose And One-dose Dexamethasone On Post-inﬂammatory Complications In Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Adetayo AM , Oyedele TA , Ajomoko AO , Adetayo MO , Adeyemi MO , Somoye MS , Gbotolorun MO
Published: April 2020

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of administration of both preoperative and postoperative dexamethasone with that of only preoperative dexamethasone, and with that of a no dexamethasone (control) on reduction of pain, trismus and swelling following lower impacted 3rd molar surgery.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled double blinded study at the dental clinic of Babcock University Teaching Hospital on 84 subjects that were divided into 3 groups. Group A had both preoperative and postoperative dexamethasone, while group B had only preoperative dexamethasone and group C was a 'no dexamethasone' group. Differential mean facial swelling, mouth opening and pain scores were compared within the three groups.

Results: The pattern of postoperative swelling, pain and trismus showed a general decrease from day 1 to 7, with group A showing the highest rate of decrease. On postoperative day 1, there was a difference between the swelling of groups A and C (p =0.01) and groups B and C (p = 0.02) and also between the pain scores of group A and group C (p = 0.01). On postoperative day 3, there was only a difference between the swelling of groups A and C (p = 0.02), but not in pain and trismus and no difference was seen in all the measured variables on postoperative day 7.

Conclusion: Administration of a combination of both preoperative and post operative dexamethasone to reduce the postoperative inflammatory sequelae that follows lower third molar surgery gave better results than administration of only a single preoperative dose.
Prevalence and correlates of adverse childhood experiences among adolescents living with HIV-AIDS in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemo S , Adeosun I , Ogun O , Adegbohun A
Published: April 2020

Objective: Adverse childhood experience is a known risk factor for risky behavior and negative mental health outcomes. There is dearth of information on adverse childhood experiences among adolescents living with HIV-AIDS in Nigeria. This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and correlates of adverse childhood experience among adolescents with HIV/AIDS attending two tertiary health facilities in Lagos, Nigeria.Method: Using a cross-sectional study design, 201 adolescents with HIV-AIDS attending out-patient clinics at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos and the Lagos state University Teaching Hospital completed the adverse childhood experience questionnaire (ACE) and a socio-demographic questionnaire. The data was analysed with SPSS version 20.

Result: The mean age of the participants was 13.88 (± 2.53) years, and 61.7% were males. High levels of adverse childhood experiences ( AC E > 4 ) were reported by 28.4% of the participants. Nearly three quarters (73.6%) were victims of physical abuse, while 48.7% and 11.8% had been emotionally and sexually abused. There was statistically significant association between high levels of adverse experiences in childhood and occupational class of the father (p=0.022), previous history of hospitalisation (p=0.027) and having HIV positive siblings (p=0.009).

Conclusion: There is a crucial need for interventions targeted towards prevention of physical, emotional and sexual child abuse, and other forms of adverse childhood experiences.HIV-AIDS, adverse childhood experiences, child abuse, adolescents
Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among postpartum women attending a maternity Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Omoniyi MO , Adeosun II , Oluwaniyi SO
Published: April 2020

Objective: The postpartum period is characterized by significant physical, social and psychological changes which could be overwhelming. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of suicidal behaviour in postpartum women six weeks after delivery.

Study design: This was a cross sectional study which consecutively recruited 235 postpartum women from the postnatal outpatient clinic of the Lagos Island Maternity Hospital, Nigeria. Suicidal behavior was assessed with the Mini International Neuro-Psychiatric Interview (MINI). The Oslo Social Support scale and a socio-demographic questionnaire were also administered.

Result: The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 48 years with a mean age of 30.7 (± 5.0) years. The prevalence of suicidal behaviour was 11.1%. The factors associated with suicidality on bivariate analysis were unemployment (p=0.005), poor social support (p=0.002), lack of emotional involvement of partner (p=0.032) and high perfectionism personality trait in the postpartum women (p=0.003). On regression analysis, unemployment status (OR=3.05, 95% CI=0.978-1.459, p=0.016) and high perfectionism personality trait of the women (OR=1.29, 95% CI= 1.049-1.578, p=0.015) were significantly associated with suicidality.

Conclusion: This study underscores the need for comprehensive mental health evaluation among postpartum women for optimal maternal and infant health.
Orbital Cellulitis And Subperiosteal Abscess Of Frontal Bone Complicating Unilateral Pansinusitis: A Case Report
Authors: Akinola MA , Betiku AO , Adefalujo AP , Yusuf AOA , Sorungbe AO , Yahaya OP
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of this report is to demonstrate that acute rhino-sinusitis may result in orbital cellulitis and even life threatening complications especially intracranial abscesses in children and young adults. Rare complications such as subperiosteal abscess seen in this patient may also occur Morbidity and mortality can be prevented through early diagnosis and treatment by relevant specialists.

Method: We present a case report and literature review on unilateral pansinusitis complicated with orbital cellulitis and subperiosteal abscess of the frontal bone.

Results: Following a diagnosis of orbital cellulitis and subperiosteal abscess of the frontal bone from a unilateral pansinusitis, an initial intravenous antibiotic was given for 72 hours, followed by a surgical drainage with subsequent rapid improvement.

Conclusion: Acute rhinosinusitis may be complicated by orbital cellulitis and abscess formation. Prompt referral to a tertiary health facility as well as ooperation between the Ophthalmologists and Otorhinolaryngologists is very important to prevent life threatening complications.

Key words: Orbital cellulitis, Pansinusitis, Subperiosteal abscess
Pioneer craniotomy at Babcock University Teaching Hospital: Anaesthetic management
Authors: Oguntade FAO , Aderinto DA , Salami OF
Published: April 2020

Glioblastoma multiforme is the highest grade glial tumour and most common in the astrocytic line. This usually requires craniotomy for tumour biopsy, relief of intracranial pressure and reduction in tumour mass as much as possible. In the anaesthetic management of patient for craniotomy, emphasis should be on the provision of safe and optimal preoperative conditions, preservation of neurocognitive functions and a rapid high quality recovery. Maintenance of adequate cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), normal intra-cranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral oxygenation (CMRO2) is the mainstay of neuro-anaesthesia and requires a thorough understanding of the physiology of the central nervous system (CNS). We report a case of a 59 year old man with glioblastoma multiforme and features of raised intracranial pressure that successfully underwent craniotomy and decompression of the tumour.
Relativna in absolutna kronologija (bavarsko)staro- in ‑srednjevisokonemških izposojenk v slovenščini
Authors: Šekli Matej
Published: April 2020

V prispevku sta predstavljeni relativna in absolutna kronologija (bavarsko)staro- in -srednjevisokonemških izposojenk v (narečni in knjižni) slovenščini, izdelani na osnovi relativne in absolutne kronologije diagnostičnih glasovnih sprememb tako v (bavarski) stari in srednji visoki nemščini kot v slovenščini oz. njenih starejših časovnih različicah. Podane so tudi nove glasoslovne interpretacije nekaterih nemških izposojenk v slovenščini, npr. skedȅnj, joger in šípa.
Z wewnątrzsłowiańskich kontaktów językowych: pacię ‘prosię’, ‘świnka’, paciuk ‘wieprz’, ‘świnia’ oraz pac, pacuk ‘szczur’
Authors: Krystyna Rembiszewska Dorota , Siatkowski Janusz
Published: April 2020

Prispevek obravnava problematiko znotrajslovanskih jezikovnih stikov. Proučevanje vplivov, povezav, izposoje na meji več jezikovnih sistemov omogoča razumevanje vzajemnega prepletanja posameznih jezikov. Zapletenost leksikalnih raziskav na stiku več jezikov je prikazana na primeru besed pac, pacuk in pacię, ki so izpričane na poljsko‑vzhodnoslovanskem obmejnem območju.
Данные венгерского языка в славянской этимологии [Dannye vengerskogo jazyka v slavjanskoj ètimologii]
Authors: Дарья Ващенко [Dar’ja Vaščenko]  , Татьяна Шалаева [Tat’jana Šalaeva]
Published: April 2020

Članek analizira zemljepisno razširjenost slovanskih leksemov, prevzetih v madžarščino, in hungarizmov v slovanskih narečjih, ki se kartirajo skupaj z ustreznimi madžarskimi oblikami. Dobljeni izsledki navajajo na novo etimologijo posameznih slovanskih besed. Tudi madžarščina daje podlago za preveritev posameznih praslovanskih rekonstrukcij.
Когнитивно‑эволюционная интерпретация концепции Б. Ф. Поршнева о физиологических предпосылках появления языка [Kognitivno-èvoljucionnaja interpretacija koncepcii B. F. Poršneva o fiziologičeskih predposylkah pojavlenija jazyka]
Authors: Сергей Попов [Sergej Popov]
Published: April 2020

Članek je kognitivna in evolucijska interpretacija pogledov B. F. Poršnjeva na fiziološke predpostavke pojavitve jezika. Podane so kognitivne osnove in analizirano bistvo pogledov Poršnjeva, preverjeni sta stopnja in jezikovna vrednost njegovih pogledov ter nadalje izvedene kognitivne in evolucijske raziskave.
Istrskobeneški jezikovni atlas severozahodne Istre Suzane Todorović
Authors: Jakop Tjaša
Published: April 2020

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Življenje čeških besed ob izginjanju narečij
Authors: Kohoutková Zdeňka
Published: April 2020

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Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU
Authors: ISJ-FR
Published: April 2020

Besedilo problematizira razumevanje nadiškega narečja v Italiji kot samostojnega jezika oziroma posebnega slovanskega narečja. Predstavljeni so jezikoslovni argumenti, ki nadiško narečje umeščajo v narečni sistem slovenskega (in ne katerega koli drugega) jezika.
Zakaj se prebivalcem Bertokov pravi Bertošani?
Authors: Furlan Metka
Published: April 2020

V prispevku se prebivalsko ime dvojezičnega slovensko‑italijanskega kraja Bertoki/Bertocchi, tj. Bertošan(i) s š in ne č, razlaga s slovensko narečno varianto krajevnega imena Brtohi ‘Bertoki’, v kateri je h iz k nastal v slovenskem istrskem narečnem razvoju v antroponimu Bertok italijanskega izvora iz Bertocco