bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Sensing Technologies for Selective Tree Fruit Identification and Targeting in Robotic Harvesting Systems
Authors: Burks Thomas F. , Alchanatis Victor , Dixon Warren
Published: December 2021

The proposed project aims to enhance tree fruit identification and targeting for robotic harvesting through the selection of appropriate sensor technology, sensor fusion, and visual servo-control approaches. These technologies will be applicable for apple, orange and grapefruit harvest, although specific sensor wavelengths may vary. The primary challenges are fruit occlusion, light variability, peel color variation with maturity, range to target, and computational requirements of image processing algorithms. There are four major development tasks in original three-year proposed study. First, spectral characteristics in the VIS/NIR (0.4-1.0 micron) will be used in conjunction with thermal data to provide accurate and robust detection of fruit in the tree canopy. Hyper-spectral image pairs will be combined to provide automatic stereo matching for accurate 3D position. Secondly, VIS/NIR/FIR (0.4-15.0 micron) spectral sensor technology will be evaluated for potential in-field on-the-tree grading of surface defect, maturity and size for selective fruit harvest. Thirdly, new adaptive Lyapunov-basedHBVS (homography-based visual servo) methods to compensate for camera uncertainty, distortion effects, and provide range to target from a single camera will be developed, simulated, and implemented on a camera testbed to prove concept. HBVS methods coupled with imagespace navigation will be implemented to provide robust target tracking. And finally, harvesting test will be conducted on the developed technologies using the University of Florida harvesting manipulator test bed. During the course of the project it was determined that the second objective was overly ambitious for the project period and effort was directed toward the other objectives. The results reflect the synergistic efforts of the three principals. The USA team has focused on citrus based approaches while the Israeli counterpart has focused on apples. The USA team has improved visual servo control through the use of a statistical-based range estimate and homography. The results have been promising as long as the target is visible. In addition, the USA team has developed improved fruit detection algorithms that are robust under light variation and can localize fruit centers for partially occluded fruit. Additionally, algorithms have been developed to fuse thermal and visible spectrum image prior to segmentation in order to evaluate the potential improvements in fruit detection. Lastly, the USA team has developed a multispectral detection approach which demonstrated fruit detection levels above 90% of non-occluded fruit. The Israel team has focused on image registration and statistical based fruit detection with post-segmentation fusion. The results of all programs have shown significant progress with increased levels of fruit detection over prior art.
Salmonella enterica Interactions with Fresh Produce
Authors: Brandl Maria T. , Sela Shlomo , Parker Craig T. , Rodov Victor
Published: December 2021

The emergence of food-borne illness outbreaks linked to the contamination of fruits and vegetables is a great concern in industrialized countries. The current lack of control measures and effective sanitization methods prompt the need for new strategies to reduce contamination of produce. Our ability to assess the risk associated with produce contamination and to devise innovative control strategies depends on the identification of critical determinants that affect the growth and the persistence of human pathogens on plants. Salmonella enterica, a common causal agent of illness linked to produce, has the ability to colonize and persist on plants. Thus, our main objective was to identify plant-inducible genes that have a role in the growth and/or persistence of S. enterica on postharvest lettuce. Our findings suggest that in-vitro biofilm formation tests may provide a suitable model to predict the initial attachment of Salmonella to cut-romaine lettuce leaves and confirm that Salmonella could persist on lettuce during shelf-life storage. Importantly, we found that Salmonella association with lettuce increases its acid-tolerance, a trait which might be correlated with an enhanced ability of the pathogen to pass through the acidic barrier of the stomach. We have demonstrated that Salmonella can internalize leaves of iceberg lettuce through open stomata. We found for the first time that internalization is an active bacterial process mediated by chemotaxis and motility toward nutrient produced in the leaf by photosynthesis. These findings may provide a partial explanation for the failure of sanitizers to efficiently eradicate foodborne pathogens in leafy greens and may point to a novel mechanism utilized by foodborne and perhaps plant pathogens to colonize leaves. Using resolvase in vivo expression technology (RIVET) we have managed to identify multiple Salmonella genes, some of which with no assigned function, which are involved in attachment to and persistence of Salmonella on lettuce leaves. The precise function of these genes in Salmonella-leaf interactions is yet to be elucidated. Taken together, our findings have advanced the understanding of how Salmonella persist in the plant environment, as well as the potential consequences upon ingestion by human. The emerging knowledge opens new research directions which should ultimately be useful in developing new strategies and approaches to reduce leaf contamination and enhance the safety of fresh produce.
Genetic Linkage Mapping of Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Authors: Belanger Faith , Dudai Nativ , Katzir Nurit
Published: December 2021

The ultimate goal of this project is to develop a genetic linkage map of basil (Ocimumbasilicum). We received 1 year of funding from BARD to conduct a feasibility study. Below is a summary of our study. During this year we evaluated the cultivars ‘Perrie’ and ‘Cardinal’ for DNA sequence polymorphisms using AFLPs and gene-based markers. We evaluated an F2 population for variation in production of volatile compounds. We also determined the nuclear DNA content of 8 species of Ocimum. All of this information will be useful in the future for genetic linkage mapping of basil.
Molecular and Anatomical Characterization of Sweetpotato Storage Root Formation
Authors: LaBonte Don , Pressman Etan , Firon Nurit , Villordon Arthur
Published: December 2021

Original objectives: Anatomical study of storage root initiation and formation. Induction of storage root formation. Isolation and characterization of genes involved in storage root formation. During the normal course of storage root development. Following stress-induced storage root formation.   Background:Sweetpotato is a high value vegetable crop in Israel and the U.S. and acreage is expanding in both countries and the research herein represents an important backstop to improving quality, consistency, and yield. This research has two broad objectives, both relating to sweetpotato storage root formation. The first objective is to understand storage root inductive conditions and describe the anatomical and physiological stages of storage root development. Sweetpotato is propagated through vine cuttings. These vine cuttings form adventitious roots, from pre-formed primordiae, at each node underground and it is these small adventitious roots which serve as initials for storage and fibrous (non-storage) “feeder” roots. What perplexes producers is the tremendous variability in storage roots produced from plant to plant. The marketable root number may vary from none to five per plant. What has intrigued us is the dearth of research on sweetpotato during the early growth period which we hypothesize has a tremendous impact on ultimate consistency and yield. The second objective is to identify genes that change the root physiology towards either a fleshy storage root or a fibrous “feeder” root. Understanding which genes affect the ultimate outcome is central to our research. Major conclusions: For objective one, we have determined that the majority of adventitious roots that are initiated within 5-7 days after transplanting possess the anatomical features associated with storage root initiation and account for 86 % of storage root count at 65 days after transplanting. These data underscore the importance of optimizing the growing environment during the critical storage root initiation period. Water deprivation during this phenological stage led to substantial reduction in storage root number and yield as determined through growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments. Morphological characterization of adventitious roots showed adjustments in root system architecture, expressed as lateral root count and density, in response to water deprivation. For objective two, we generated a transcriptome of storage and lignified (non-storage) adventitious roots. This transcriptome database consists of 55,296 contigs and contains data as regards to differential expression between initiating and lignified adventitious roots. The molecular data provide evidence that a key regulatory mechanism in storage root initiation involves the switch between lignin biosynthesis and cell division and starch accumulation. We extended this research to identify genes upregulated in adventitious roots under drought stress. A subset of these genes was expressed in salt stressed plants.
Enhanced Climate Control of Semi-arid and Arid Greenhouses Equipped with Fogging Systems
Authors: Linker Raphael , Kacira Murat , Arbel Avraham , Giacomelli Gene , Kubota Chieri
Published: December 2021

The main objectives were (1) to develop, implement and validate control procedures that would make it possible to maintain year-round air temperature and humidity at levels suitable for crop cultivation in greenhouses operating in arid and semi-arid regions and (2) to investigate the influence of the operational flexibility of the fogging system on the performance of the system. With respect to the development of climate controllers, we developed a new control approach according to which ventilation is used to maintain the enthalpy of the greenhouse air and fogging is used to adjust the humidity ratio inside the greenhouse. This approach is suitable mostly for greenhouses equipped with mechanized ventilation, and in which the air exchange rate can be controlled with enough confidence. The development and initial validation of the controllers were performed in a small experimental greenhouses located at the Agricultural Research Organization and very good tracking were obtained for both air temperature and relative humidity (maximum mean deviations over a 10-min period with constant setpoints lower than 2.5oC and 5% relative humidity). The robust design approach used to develop the controllers made it possible to transfer successfully these controllers to a much larger semi-commercial greenhouse located in the much drier Arava region. After only minimal adjustments, which did not require lengthy dedicated experiments, satisfactory tracking of the temperature and humidity was achieved, with standard deviation of the tracking error lower than 1oC and 5% for temperature and relative humidity, respectively. These results should help promote the acceptance of modern techniques for designing greenhouse climate controllers, especially since given the large variety of greenhouse structures (shape, size, crop system), developing high performance site-specific controllers for each greenhouse is not feasible. In parallel to this work, a new cooling control strategy, which considers the contribution of humidification and cooling from the crop, was developed for greenhouses equipped with natural ventilation. Prior to the development of the cooling strategy itself, three evapotranspiration models were compared in terms of accuracy and reliability. The cooling strategy that has been developed controls the amount of fog introduced into the greenhouse as well as the percentage of vent openings based on the desired vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and enthalpy, respectively. Numerical simulations were used to compare the performance of the new strategy with a constant fogging rate strategy based on VPD, and on average, the new strategy saved 36% water and consumed 30% less electric energy. In addition, smaller air temperature and relative humidity fluctuations were achieved when using the new strategy. Finally, it was demonstrated that dynamically varying the fog rate and properly selecting the number of nozzles, yields additional water and electricity savings.
Desiccation Tolerance in Salmonella and its Implications
Authors: Sela Shlomo , McClelland Michael
Published: December 2021

Salmonella enterica is a worldwide food-borne pathogen, which regularly causes large outbreaks of food poisoning. Recent outbreaks linked to consumption of contaminated foods with low water-activity, have raised interest in understanding the factors that control fitness of this pathogen to dry environment. Consequently, the general objective of this study was to extend our knowledge on desiccation tolerance and long-term persistence of Salmonella. We discovered that dehydrated STm entered into a viable-but-nonculturable state, and that addition of chloramphenicol reduced bacterial survival. This finding implied that adaptation to desiccation stress requires de-novo protein synthesis. We also discovered that dried STm cells develop cross-tolerance to multiple stresses that the pathogen might encounter in the agriculture/food environment, such as high or low temperatures, salt, and various disinfectants. These findings have important implications for food safety because they demonstrate the limitations of chemical and physical treatments currently utilized by the food industry to completely inactivate Salmonella. In order to identify genes involved in desiccation stress tolerance, we employed transcriptomic analysis of dehydrated and wet cells and direct screening of knock-out mutant and transposon libraries. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that dehydration induced expression of ninety genes and down-regulated seven. Ribosomal structural genes represented the most abundant functional group with a relatively higher transcription during dehydration. Other large classes of induced functional groups included genes involved in amino acid metabolism, energy production, ion transport, transcription, and stress response. Initial genetic analysis of a number of up-regulated genes was carried out). It was found that mutations in rpoS, yahO, aceA, nifU, rpoE, ddg,fnr and kdpE significantly compromised desiccation tolerance, supporting their role in desiccation stress response.
ІННОВАЦІЇ ЯК СКЛАДОВА СТРАТЕГІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЮ СУБ’ЄКТА ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ
Authors: Бреус Світлана , Бондар Анна
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню теоретико-методичних аспектів інноваційного розвитку суб’єкта господарювання у контексті визначення ролі та значення інновацій як складової стратегії управління його конкурентоспроможністю. Систематизовано, узагальнено та згруповано концептуальні підходи до управління конкурентоспроможністю суб’єкта господарювання. Наведено основні принципи формування стратегій управління конкурентоспроможністю суб’єкта господарювання, розроблення яких передбачає визначення та формулювання стратегічних цілей. Розглянуто основні завдання, що вирішуються у процесі розроблення стратегій конкурентоспроможності з використанням інноваційної складової. Здійснено систематизацію підходів до формування та реалізації стратегії управління конкурентоспроможністю суб’єкта господарювання з урахуванням реалізації інноваційної складової.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ МИТНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ: ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКІ ПРАКТИКИ
Authors: Войченко Тетяна
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням ефективної організації митних процедур, пов’язаних зі здійсненням митного контролю. Проаналізовано досвід країн Європейського Союзу. Відзначено, що митні адміністрації діють на основі комплексного підходу. Встановлено, що діяльність митних органів одночасно спрямована на підвищення ефективності та спрощення митних процедур. Підкреслено значний рівень цифровізації процесів. Зосереджено увагу на використанні митного пост-аудиту як сучасної форми митного контролю, досліджено специфіку його запровадження в країнах Європейського Союзу. Визначено шляхи удосконалення діяльності митних органів в сфері контролю, які представляють інтерес для подальшої адаптації в Україні.
MUNDO-VIDA DE MULHERES BISSEXUAIS
Authors: Davi Edmar Henrique Dairell , Queiroz de Santana Carolina
Published: December 2021

Nosso objetivo é compreender os significados e os sentidos que mulheres bissexuais atribuem ao processo de construção de sua identidade sexual, as dificuldades encontradas e as estratégias para lidar com o preconceito nas suas trajetórias de vida. Considerando a singularidade da bissexualidade enquanto orientação sexual, observam-se na atualidade diversos estereótipos sobre a vivência destas pessoas, principalmente em relação à legitimidade e confiabilidade em termos afetivos e sexuais, como também, à legitimidade desta identidade sexual. Para conhecer as vivências destas pessoas e seu mundo-vida, elegemos o método fenomenológico e as reflexões de Maurice Merleau-Ponty para analisarmos os discursos de duas mulheres negras bissexuais residentes na Bahia. Os resultados apontaram quatro categorias: (1) Vivências afetivas na infância e adolescência: descobrindo e experimentando; (2) Aprendendo as diferenças; (3) Assumindo a bissexualidade e (4) Manejando relações para viver a bissexualidade. Embora gozem de maior visibilidade na atualidade, a representatividade e aceitação não se dá da mesma forma para todos (as) LGBT´s. Quanto às pessoas bissexuais, ainda incidem representações ambivalentes e percepções equivocadas, o que leva estas pessoas a adotaram uma agência criativa ao negociar intimidade e apoio social em suas vidas cotidianas e seu mundo-vida.
Analysis Of Service Quality, Food Quality, Atmosphere Against Revisit Intention and Positive Word Of Mouth at Casual Dining Restaurant in Batam City
Authors: Lee Ho Gefi , Christiarini Renny
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to analysis the impact of three elements of service quality dimensions (reliability, responsiveness and tangible), food quality and atmosphere on satisfaction, and to analysis if customer satisfaction have an impact to customer revisit intention and positive word of mouth. Data were collected from customers who had visited casual dining restaurants in Batam city through a self-administered questionnaire. Research questionnaires were distributed by researchers via google form, and have collected 359 (three hundred and fifty-nine) respondent data. This study shows that the three dimensions of service quality and food quality were significant to customer satisfaction. Also, the customer satisfaction were significant to positive word of mouth. But this study also shows that atmosphere was found not significant to customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction not significant to revisit intention. This research conjectured that factors that influence the customers to be more satisfaction and do revisit to the casual dining restaurant are worthy of repeat research because of the decrease COVID-19 cases in batam city.
Використання методології управління проектами в створенні системи фізичного захисту ядерних установок
Authors: Gramotkin F. , Kuzmiak I. , Kravtsov V.
Published: December 2021

Розглянуто можливість використання у сфері ядерної захищеності методології управління проектами, розробленої Project Management Institute (США), на прикладі модернізації або створення системи фізичного захисту на ядерній установці. Показано, що ця методологія дає змогу грамотно та гнучно управляти проектами з фізичного захисту, забезпечуючи ефективний контроль за їх своєчасним виконанням із дотриманням запланованого бюджету та якості.
Втрата стійкості і форма можливого вигину напрямних каналів тепловидільних збірок ядерних реакторів ВВЕР-1000
Authors: Yefimov A. , Maksymov M. , Romashov Yu.
Published: December 2021

Визначено критичні стискні сили і відповідні їм форми можливого вигину напрямних каналів тепловидільних збірок ядерних реакторів

ВВЕР-1000 через втрату стійкості в період експлуатації. Отримані значення критичних стискних сил показують, що форма вигнутого через втрату стійкості напрямного каналу може містити кілька точок перегину, наслідком чого може бути збільшення часу падіння кластерів поглинаючих елементів до низу активної зони реактора і порушення, таким чином, нормальних умов експлуатації реактора.
Динаміка зміни концентрації радіоактивних аерозолів під час вилучення паливовміщуючих матеріалів з об’єкта «Укриття»
Authors: Batii V. , Sizov A. , Fedorchenko D. , Kholodiuk A.
Published: December 2021

Проведено аналіз динаміки зміни концентрації радіоактивних аерозолів під час вилучення паливовміщуючих матеріалів (ПВМ) та інших радіоактивних відходів з об’єкта «Укриття» з урахуванням системи вентиляції нового безпечного конфайнменту (НБК). Показано, що в разі вилучення за зміну двох контейнерів з ПВМ об’ємом 3 м3 критерій нормальної експлуатації НБК не перевищуватиметься. В умовах суттєвої інтенсифікації роботи потрібно вживати додаткових заходів протирадіаційного захисту (пилопригнічення тощо).
THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT WORKSHEET BASED ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS IN IMPROVING MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Kuswari Retno Intan , Choiruddin Choiruddin
Published: December 2021

The use of instruction tools that only explains the instruction material, but does not know the extent to which students' understanding causes the instruction process to be less than optimal. This study aims to find out the development process, feasibility, and the influence of using student worksheet based on higher order thinking skills in improving Mathematics learning outcomes at MIN 3 Tulungagung and SDI Qurrota A'yun Ngunut Tulungagung. This study uses the development research model of Borg, and Gall. The results show that: (1) The development of HOTS-based worksheets begins with preparing instruction materials in accordance with the Core Competencies and Basic Competencies listed in the 2013 Curriculum.Furthermore, the researcher makes examples of HOTS questions that are in accordance with the material that has been presented, making questions individual and group practice questions and then make competency test questions at the end of the chapter. (2) The worksheets based on HOTS are suitable for use in improving Mathematics learning outcomes. This can be seen from the results of due diligence by media and material experts. (3) There is an influence of using HOTS-based worksheets as indicated by the significant difference in learning outcomes between the experimental class that does instruction using HOTS-based worksheets and the control class that does instruction without HOTS-based worksheets. This is based on the data from the t-test results in which sig-2 0.040 <0.050 is obtained.
Verbal Extensions and Valency in Limbum
Authors: Ndamsah Gratiana Linyor
Published: December 2021

The objective of this paper is to examine the extent to which verbal extensions in Limbum affect valency. Limbum is a Grassfield Bantu language of the Northern group, spoken by the population who occupy a greater part of the Nkambe plateau in Donga-Mantung Division of the North West Region of Cameroon Binan Bikoi (ed) (2012). To attain my set objective, I carry out an analysis of those affixes (in the case of Limbum, they are suffixes), which are usually attached to verbs and the effect the addition of these suffixes has on the number of arguments in the sentence. Some of these suffixes have a valency decreasing effect, while some have a valency increasing effect on the verbs. The orientation of the discussions here centres on the description of the morpho-syntactic structure of the Limbum verb. In this regard, the analysis herein draws inspiration from the theory of Valency as proposed by Tesnière in 1959 and his followers and the Structuralist Framework as propounded by De Saussure and his disciples who hold that linguistic unit: words, phrases and sentences are perceived as a concatenation of smaller units which hold a close relationship between them. The structure of the Limbum sentence containing verbal extensions that express aspectual meanings have three consequences on the number of arguments that the verb takes: the discussions here show that, while the morphemes -ri, -Si, and -se marking the attenuative, the pluractional, and the distributive aspects respectively have no effect on the number of arguments taken by the verb to which they are suffixed, the causative morpheme -si, has a  valency increasing effect on the verb to which it is affixed. In the same light, the reciprocative -ni, the separative -ti and the iterative -Nger, when suffixed to a verb, have the tendency of increasing the number of arguments that the verb takes. In a bid to clarify the structural cartography of verbal extensions in Limbum, the last part of this paper is dedicated to a presentation of some suffixes like -ri and -si, which has, with the evolution of the language, fossilized with the verb root to the extent that they have become an integral part of the verb in a way that they cannot be detached from each other. Conclusively, the paper shows that verbal extensions in Limbum are, for the most part, suffixal morphemes. While some of these suffixes have no effect on the number of arguments the verb subcategorizes for, some have a valency decreasing effect on the verb while others, on the other hand, have a valency increasing effect. Others have outrightly merged with the verb root.
Examining the Values Allocated to the Natural Environment: Non-human beings in focus: The Case of Some Selected Districts in East Gojjam Zone
Authors: Mesfin Yikunoamlak
Published: December 2021

Value is a worth given to something either for its consequential utility for the valuers or a worth given for its own sake. While the former way of evaluation is called extrinsic value, the latter is called intrinsic value. Any kind of approach we adapt to anything emerges from a kind of value we allocate to the thing in question, i.e., kind of value people attribute to the natural environment in general and to non-human, in particular, determine people's treatment, evaluation, action and attitude toward the being in focus. Supposing that the ever-increasing environmental crisis is anthropogenic, this paper is trying to examine the kind of value allocated to the environment and non-human beings in East Gojjam. A qualitative approach and case study design were employed to achieve the objective. Both Primary and secondary dated dates were collected. To collect data, focus group discussion, semi-structured interview, key informant interview, and document review were employed as data collecting instruments. Hence, the participants: officials and exports from the office of wildlife protection, office of natural resource management as well as the office of forest enterprise, local people and religious leaders were purposively selected, and the sample size was determined by data saturation. Finally, the collected data was analyzed thematically. The research found out that the kind of value ascribed to environments is extrinsic. Treating animals and plants as the mere means for the manifold end of human being paves the way for human beings to have untrammeled intervention in the environment.
Technologies-enhanced Anatomical Study in Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Thintharua Pakpoom , Dharmasaroja Permphan
Published: December 2021

Anatomy is an essential pre-clinical subject of undergraduate medical education. The traditional practical studies on cadavers are widely used in medical schools. It enhances active and deep learning, preparing students for clinical practice. However, the high costs, the time-consuming, and the health problems, which the staff exposed to chemical hazards are considered. Computer-based learning (CBL) technologies can increase the efficiency of students in understanding anatomy. This review provides an overview of CBL technologies such as Anatomage table 7.0, zSpace, Complete Anatomy app, and 4D Interactive Anatomy that prepare Ramathibodi (RA) medical students for enhanced anatomical understanding and self-learning. The integration methods between traditional cadaveric dissection and the CBL in the curriculum can enhance the classroom experience, student engagement, learning, retention, and improvement of RA medical student's knowledge in anatomy.
Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki Düzensiz Gürcü Göçmenler ve Yerel Yönetim(siz)ler
Authors: Güzel Bekir
Published: December 2021

20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinden itibaren küresel ve bölgesel düzeyde yaşanan gelişmelere (savaşlar, işgaller, ekonomik krizler ve iç çatışmalar) bağlı olarak Türkiye’ye yönelik gerçekleşen düzensiz göç hareketleri niceliksel bir artış göstermektedir. Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü’nün (GİGM) 2019 yılı istatistikleri göz önüne alındığında Türkiye sınırları içinde tespit edilen ve hakkında işlem yapılan düzensiz göçmen sayısı 454.662 kişidir. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki düzensiz Gürcü göçmenlerin deneyimlerini keşfetmeye yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilen fenomenolojik bir araştırmadan hareketle hazırlanan bu çalışmanın temel amacı; bölgede bulunan göçmenlerin yerel yönetimlerle olan ilişkilerinin, yerel yönetimlere yönelik deneyimlerinin ve beklentilerinin keşfedilmesidir. 15 Haziran–15 Ağustos 2018 tarihleri arasında toplam 48 katılımcı ile yarı yapılandırılmış form aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilen derinlemesine görüşmeler neticesinde elde edilen veriler yedi aşamalı fenomenolojik veri analizi süreci takip edilerek analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre kimi zaman belediyelerin talepleri karşısında kapitalizmin ruhuna uygun olarak ücret karşılığında işgücünü ortaya koyan düzensiz göçmenlerin, kimi zaman da nepotizmin ruhuna uygun olarak belediyelerden iş aldıkları görülmektedir.
Kaos ve Kozmos Arası Gelgitler
Authors: Sayın Hüdayi
Published: December 2021

Bu metin boyunca, Nadine Labaki yönetmenliğinde 2018 yapımı Kefernahum ve Ruben Östlund yönetmenliğinde 2017 yapımı Kare filmleri çerçevesinde göç sorunu tartışılmıştır. Göçe neden olan küresel eşitsizlikler ve sorunun yapısallığına dikkat çekmek üzere filmlere, metaforik olarak antikçağ Yunan felsefesinden khaos ve cosmos kavramları ile yaklaşılmıştır. Bu nedenle, insan hareketlerinin kaynağı olarak gösterilen yokluk ve yoksunluk içinde bir gündeliği izleyicisine sunan Kefernahum ile göçmenlerin erişmek istedikleri korunaklı varsıl burjuva yaşamlarının resmedildiği Kare filmleri seçilmiştir. Her iki sinema örneğinde yönetmenlerin göç temasına yaklaşımları, filmlerinde göçmenlerin betimlenmesi analiz edilmiştir. Labaki’nin Kefernahum’u Lübnan’da Suriyeli kimliksiz mülteci çocuk Zain ile Etopyalı Rahil karakterlerini buluşturan bir kaos ortamında gerçekleşmiştir. Filme adını veren bu kaotik gündelik resmi ile göçmen öznelerin değişim değerleri oluşmuş metaya dönüştürüldüğü yapısal eşitsizliğin khaos cephesi temsili tartışılmıştır. Östlund’un güvenli bölgeyi temsil eden Kare’si ile ise sınırları belli ve içine yabancıları almayan refah toplumları temsili ile verilmeye çalışılan cosmos resmi içinde göçmen yaşamlar analiz edilmiştir.
Türk Sinemasında Düzensiz Göç: Tarihsellik Bağlamında bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Eker Kemal
Published: December 2021

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası Avrupa’nın yeniden inşası için Marshall Planı yürürlüğe konmuş ve gelişmeye başlayan Avrupa ülkeleri, ihtiyaç duydukları iş gücünü göçmenler ile karşılamışlardır. Ancak 1973 Petrol Krizi sonrasında göçmen alımını durdurmuşlar ve “kapalı kapı” politikası izlemeye başlamışlardır. Soğuk Savaş sonrası yaşanan siyasi çalkantılar ve küreselleşme süreci, uluslararası göç hareketlerini de küresel boyuta taşımış ve Avrupa Kalesi daha da güçlendirilmiştir. Arap Baharı ve Suriye iç savaşı yeni bir göç krizi yaratırken göçe karşı alınan önlemler daha da sıkılaştırılmıştır. Bu nedenle göçmenler, daha tehlikeli rotalar izlemek zorunda kalmış ve göç güzergâhları boyunca ölüm ve kayıplar dünya genelinde artmıştır. Bu trajedi, doğal olarak sinemacıların da dikkatini çekmiştir. Dünya sinemasıyla eş zamanlı olarak Türk sinemasında da düzensiz göç temalı filmlerin sayısında artış kaydedilmiştir. Çünkü Türkiye, uluslararası göç hareketlerinin dönüşümü kapsamında her zaman merkezî bir konumda yer almıştır. Türk sinemasında düzensiz göç temalı filmler incelendiğinde bu dönüşüm net bir şekilde görülmektedir.
ANALISIS KONSUMSI ARUS LISTRIK PADA MOBIL MULTI PURPOSE VEHICLE
Authors: Firdaus Hendra , Rustendi Endang , Herdiana Ade
Published: December 2021

Mobil tidak terbatas hanya pada mesin, namun juga berhubungan dengan sistem kelistrikan untuk menjalankan fungsinya. Listrik diperlukan untuk proses pembakaran yang terdapat pada mobil. Untuk menyimpan sumber energi listrik diperlukan Accu. Arus yang berasal dari Accu yaitu arus searah atau arus DC (Alternating Current) tegangan 12 Volt. Fungsi Accu antara lain; Pada saat mesin mati, Accu berfungsi sebagai sumber tenaga listrik yang berfungsi untuk menghidupkan sistem kelistrikan yang ada pada kendaraan, misalnya lampu sein (lampu tanda belok), klakson (horn), indikator yang ada pada dashboard, lampu kota, lampu kepala dan lain sebagainya. Pada saat mesin masih belum hidup, Accu merupakan sumber tenaga listrik satu-satunya yang digunakan, karena pada saat ini altenator pada kendaraan belum berfungsi. Pada saat melakukan starter menggunakan elektrik starter, baterai juga merupakan satu-satunya sumber listrik yang digunakan untuk menghidupkan atau menjalankan motor starter. Pada saat mesin sudah hidup, maka altenator pada kendaraan sudah berfungsi, sehingga baterai sudah tidak lagi menjadi sumber utama penyedia energi listrik. Namun pada saat mesin hidup baterai masih memiliki fungsi yaitu sebagai penstabil tegangan dari alternator. Mengingat kerja altenator kurang stabil dan bergantung dengan putaran altenator, walaupun pada alternator sudah dilengkapi dengan regulator namun masih memerlukan baterai sebagai penstabil tegangan, tegangan tersebut dialirkan ke sistem kelistrikan yang ada pada kendaraan. Di Indonesia mobil yang jumlah penumpang rata-rata mampu memuat 6 sampai 7 penumpang, adalah jenis MPV merupakan singkatan dari Multi Purpose Vehicle. Penelitian dilakukan pada salah satu jenis mobil MVP yaitu mobil merk Avanza. Sumber listrik utama yang dipakai pada mobil Toyota Avanza yaitu Accu 12 Volt 32 Ah. Dari hasil pengukuran dan perhitungan pada kelistrikan mobil dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa dengan sumber listrik utama Accu 12V/32Ah mampu memberi kebutuhan Arus Listrik ke semua beban dengan total arus 102,5 A  selama 0,31h sebelum Accu kosong kembali
Türkiye'deki Tüketicilerin Katı Atıkların Geri Dönüşümü Konusundaki Bilinç Düzeylerinin ve Farkındalıklarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Alptekin Mert , NİYAZ Özge , TOMAR Oktay
Published: December 2021

Her geçen gün artan dünya nüfusuna paralel olarak insan ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak niyeti ile tüketim de artmaktadır. Bununla birlikte katı atık miktarı da yükselmektedir. Geri dönüşüm, yeniden değerlendirilme imkanı olan katı atıkların, çeşitli işlemlerden geçirilerek yeniden üretim sürecine dahil edilmesidir. Geri dönüşüm programlarının başarısı, tüketicilerin katılımı ile doğru orantılıdır. Bu sebeplerle atıkların geri dönüşümünde tüketici davranışlarının araştırılması büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki tüketicilerin katı atıkların geri dönüşümü konusundaki bilinç düzeylerinin ve farkındalıklarının belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışmada online anket formu ile elde edilen birincil veriler kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenen 415 tüketici ile anket yapılmıştır. Anketlerden elde edilen birincil veriler, temel istatistiki yöntemler ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre; Türkiye’deki tüketicilerin %47,7’si cam eşyaları, %41,4’ü plastik malzemeleri, %53,5’i kağıt, karton ve türevlerini, %41,4’ü kumaş eşyaları ve %39,8’i elektronik eşyalar ve pilleri geri dönüşüme ayırdıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Araştırma kapsamındaki tüketicilerin bilinç düzeyleri genel olarak yüksektir. Türkiye’deki tüketicilerin geri dönüşüm ile ilgili ana sorunları; geri dönüşüm yapmak isteyen tüketiciler için sağlanan imkanların yetersiz olmasıdır. Bu nedenle özellikle yerel yönetimler kanalıyla geri dönüşüm kutularının sayılarının arttırılması ve bu kutulara her atık için ayrı bölmeye sahip olma özelliği kazandırılarak geri dönüşüm kutularının çeşitliliğinin sağlanması önerilmektedir.
Modifiye Atmosfer Paketleme ve Normal Atmosfer Koşullarında Depolanan ‘’Roxana’’ Kayısı Çeşidinin Aroma Bileşenlerindeki Değişim
Authors: VARLI YUNUSOĞLU Serpil , EKİNCİ Neslihan , GÜNDOĞDU Mehmet Ali
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma ticari olum döneminde hasat edilen ‘’Roxana’’ kayısı çeşidine ait meyveler ile yürütülmüştür. Meyveler hasattan sonra Normal Atmosfer ve Modifiye Atmosfer Paketleme koşullarında muhafaza edilmiş ve meyvelerin muhafaza süresince aroma bileşenlerinde meydana gelen değişimleri incelenmiştir. Hasat edilen meyvelere 1 gün süresince ön soğutma uygulanmış ve meyveler Normal atmosfer ve Modifiye Atmosfer Paketleme koşullarında depolanmak üzere 2 gruba ayrılmıştır. Meyveler 0±0,5 °C sıcaklıkta ve %90±5 oransal nem koşullarında 45 gün süresince soğuk hava deposunda muhafaza edilmiştir. Hasattan hemen sonra başlangıç analizleri yapılmış ve muhafaza süresince 15 günlük periyotlarla analizler tekrarlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı (%), titre edilebilir asitlik (% malik asit), meyve eti sertliği (N), iç kararması şiddeti ve aroma bileşen kompozisyonu parametreleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Modifiye Atmosfer Paketleme koşullarında muhafaza edilen meyvelerde, meyve eti sertliği ve titre edilebilir asitlik ölçümlerinde, Normal Atmosfer koşullarında muhafaza edilen meyvelere kıyasla daha olumlu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Başlangıç analizlerinde 310,48 µg/kg olarak bulunan hekzil asetat bileşeni, muhafaza süresinin sonunda artarak Normal Afmosfer koşullarında 553,48 µg/kg, Modifiye Atmosfer Paketleme uygulamasında 501,78 µg/kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. Modifiye Atmosfer Paketleme uygulaması meyvelerde olgunlaşma hızını yavaşlatarak meyvelerin bozulmasını engellemiş ve böylece kayısının karakteristik aroma bileşenlerinin oluşumuna katkı sağlamıştır. Bu bileşenlerden olan lakton bileşenlerinin sentezinde Modifiye Atmosfer Paketleme uygulaması, Normal Atmosferde muhafaza yöntemine göre daha başarılı olmuştur. Ancak diğer yandan 30 günlük muhafaza süresinin sonunda Modifiye Atmosfer içerisindeki CO2 bileşen oranının yükselmesi bu gruba ait meyvelerde iç kararması şiddetinin artmasına ve muhafaza sonuna doğru alkol bileşenlerinin yükselmesine neden olmuştur.
CYBERSPACE AS A SPACE: ANALYSIS OF METAPHORICAL STATEMENTS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Černý Michal
Published: December 2021

Over the last thirty years, technology has created a new space (cyberspace) where people meet each other, seek information, or simply try to navigate through. However, there is no consensus in research on the character of cyberspaces and the extent to which they are real. In the first systematic empirical research of this nature, the study found an answer to this question through a survey of metaphorical accounts of university students in Information Studies, and Librarianship (N=102) collected over three years (2019-2021). Cyberspace is a real space in students' experiences, language, and thought structures. A space that allows movement, orientation, and search to be related with one another. An environment in which cognition, learning, and knowledge are structuring activities. Learning and cognition in this space occur differently than in the physical environment, which poses a challenge for developing specific didactic practices and social programs for students. Students perceive cyberspace as linked to the need to acquire new epistemic tools to help them overcome the crisis of knowledge they experience through this space. Keywords: cyberspace, didactic practices, information literacy, metaphors, pragmatism, tacit knowledge, on life
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm (SPN) of the Pancreas: A 7-year Study in A Tertiary Level Teaching Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Mehdi Ashik , Asaduzzaman -
Published: December 2021

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas, also referred to as Frantz's tumour, is a rare tumour and represents 1-3% of all pancreatic tumours, which typically affects young women without significant clinical symptoms. This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical Un iversity (BSMMU) between January 2009 and December 2015. A total of nineteen cases of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of pancreas were detected in patients and included in this study. In all the patients the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology after the surgery. Tumours were nodular, cystic or solid-cystic, often encapsulated. Some of them were received as irregular fragmented pieces, as intact removal was not possible. Cut surfaces were partly grey-white and partly tan-brown with cystic degeneration. Areas of necrosis and hemorrhage were present in all the specimens.The age range was of 14-45 years (mean age 26.9±3.7 years) (Table-I). Among the tumours, 18 were found in female patients, while only 1 was from male patient. In all the cases, preoperative imaging contributed to diagnosis of an abdominal mass in the patients. 11 of these were reported as pancreatic mass, while 3 as pancreatic cystic mass, 2 as retroperitoneal mass, 2 as mesenteric mass and only 1 as adrenal mass. Tumour-size ranged from 6 to 19 cm (mean size 9.3±1.5 cm). 7 tumours were solid and cystic in nature, while 8 were solid and 4 were only cystic. Complete capsule was found in 17 specimens. Calcifications were found in only 5 specimens. Surgical resection was found generally curative. In our study, absence of metastasis suggests that these tumours hardly show aggressive clinical behaviour. However, follow-up is important to observe potential local recurrence and metastasis.

CBMJ 2020 July: Vol. 09 No. 02 P: 34-38
Coinfection of Mycobacterial diseases
Authors: Das Pankaj Kumar , Mia Md Rajibe , Alam Md Shafiul , Sharmeen Atia , Islam Md Shahidul
Published: December 2021

Although both mycobacterial infections are endemic in developing countries, the coinfection has hardly been reported in the last decade. The combined National TB & Leprosy Control Programme of Bangladesh came into effect in 1994. Though the Elimination of Leprosy (<1 case / 10,000 population) was achieved nationally in 1998, Bangladesh is still endemic for Tuberculosis. A 10 years cohort study was conducted in six districts of the Northern part of Bangladesh, covered by the Damien Foundation. This cohort consisted of a total of 4,788 leprosy cases registered from 2007 to 2016. Reviewing the records of all these cases, 25 (0.52%) patients were identified as having coinfection with Tuberculosis & Leprosy. All cases were coinfected with smear positive pulmonary TB. This study concludes that duel infection with mycobacteria is uncommon. Early diagnosis is very important for better outcomes of both diseases.

CBMJ 2020 July: Vol. 09 No. 02 P: 39-41
Riittävästi ymmärretty on aidosti ymmärretty
Authors: Hämäri Severi
Published: December 2021

Väärinymmärryksiä on hyödyllinen johdanto viestintään ja vuorovaikutustilanteiden haasteisiin. Vaikka teos ei sinällään käsittele luokkahuoneiden väärinymmärryksiä, sen opit soveltuvat opetustilanteisiin. Kirja kuvaa monipuolisesti väärinymmärtämisen tutkimuksen poikkitieteellistä kenttää. Viitteet ja lähteet ohjaavat löytämään lisää tietoa aiheesta. Näin kirja soveltuu tutkimusaiheen etsinnän lähtökohdaksi, jos mietinnässä ovat väärinymmärryksen tutkimus kouluissa tai aikuiskasvatuksessa.
Surveillance of hospital-acquired infections and monitoring of empiric antibiotic therapy in an internal medicine department
Authors: Pomilio Irene , Mazzoni Isidoro
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are the most serious and frequent complication of healthcare systems. In 2019 the Marche Region has introduced a project to check HAIs and also the use of antibiotics in empirical therapy. The aim of this analysis was to conduct a periodic descriptive prevalence study according to the regional plan.
Materials and Methods: In the quarter January-March 2020, the Internal Medicine Department of the Mazzoni Hospital of Ascoli Piceno has been considered, enrolling patients with HAIs to whom has been prescribed at least one antibiotic in empirical therapy. To assess the prevalence of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO), microbiological isolates were examined and laboratory response times were measured as a quality indicator. Besides, the incidence of HAIs from medical device, the clinical outcomes and the average length of stay have been analyzed.
Results: The results show: high incidence of HAIs and high percentage of MDRO. The response time of the laboratory analysis is on average over 48-72 hours after sampling. The data show a widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and low adherence to the new regional empiric therapy guidelines.
Conclusions: The high incidence of HAIs implies the urgent need of an active surveillance of an Antimicrobial Stewardship team. This would represent a strategic solution to prevent and limit antimicrobial resistance and reduce morbidity, mortality and costs.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang
Authors: Sihabudin Sihabudin
Published: December 2021

One of the variables that have a major effect on employee engagement is leadership style. In addition, one of the factors that influence employee efficiency is leadership. Since it is important to pay attention to two points at the top, it is important to pay attention to leadership style. Employee success is one of the most powerful variables in the workplace. Employees of Administration Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, a total of 104 people, were studied from January to March 2020, with a total sample size of 82 people. The research employs a quantitative approach that is processed using the application SPSS 20. The data is collected through interviews, evaluation, and a Google Form Sample to deploy a questionnaire. Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang
Bupivacaine-lidocaine versus Ropivacaine-lidocaine Retrobulbar Anesthesia in Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Choi Yeong A , Jeong Areum , Sagong Min
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To compare efficacies of bupivacaine-lidocaine and ropivacaine-lidocaine mixtures in terms of inducing retrobulbar anesthesia during vitrectomy.Methods: Sixty patients who underwent retrobulbar anesthesia during vitrectomy were divided into two groups. Patients in group 1 received a mixture of bupivacaine and lidocaine (n = 30); patients in group 2 received a mixture of ropivacaine and lidocaine (n = 30). The effects of the two combinations were retrospectively compared and analyzed. The onset times of analgesia and akinesia were measured. Two hours after surgery, sensory blockade was assessed by touching the corneas with cotton swabs and by communicating with patients. Ocular movement was evaluated in four gaze direction quadrants. A 10-point visual analog pain scale was used to assess pain during and 2 hours after surgery. Intra- and postoperative complications were recorded.Results: The mean analgesia onset times in groups 1 and 2 were 94.62 ± 28.87 and 92.32 ± 35.53 seconds, respectively (p = 0.071); the mean akinesia onset times were 147.89 ± 59.35 and 132.57 ± 76.38 seconds (p = 0.223), respectively. Patients in group 2 reported significantly less postoperative pain and exhibited less postoperative ocular movement, compared with patients in group 1 (both p = 0.002). One patient in group 1 experienced respiratory depression after retrobulbar blockade.Conclusions: When retrobulbar anesthesia is required during vitrectomy, a ropivacaine-lidocaine mixture and a bupivacaine-lidocaine mixture induce anesthesia with similar rapidity. However, the ropivacaine-lidocaine mixture is safer and affords better-quality intra- and postoperative anesthesia.