bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Relevance of Intraperitoneal Pressure in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Castellanos Loreley Betancourt , Clemente Esther Ponz , Cabañas Conchita Blasco , Parra Dolors Marquina , Contador Mabel Bolós , Morera Juan Carlos Oliva , Daly Jaume Almirall
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Intraperitoneal pressure (IPP) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) increases in sitting and upright positions and is related to some individual characteristics. Adverse effects can appear with IPP > 20 cm H2O. Few studies about peritoneal transport or abdominal wall problems have directly measured IPP. We measured IPP in our prevalent PD patients to identify the clinical factors related to its variability and its possible association with peritoneal transport and abdominal wall complications.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, observational study of our stable PD patients. Intraperitoneal pressure was measured using the Durand's method in supine, sitting, and upright position.

Results

Forty-nine patients were included, 70% males, mean age 61.1 ± 15 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.9 ± 5.2 kg/m2. The mean of supine IPP was 18.0 ± 4.4 cm H2O. Intraperitoneal pressure in sitting and upright positions were similar and higher than in supine. Supine IPP showed a positive correlation with BMI ( p < 0.0005) and comorbidity ( p < 0.05). A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that BMI and comorbidity ( p < 0.005) had a positive correlation with IPP; time on PD and daily total ultrafiltration (UF) (p < 0.005) showed a negative correlation. Patients with an IPP ≥ 20 cm H2O had more hernias (35% vs 17%) and leakages (21% vs 8%) without statistical significance.

Conclusion

Our supine IPPs were higher than others published in adults. Intraperitoneal pressure has an individual value associated with body size. Greater IPP was correlated with lower daily total UF and more hernias and leakages. The measurement of IPP is a simple technique and can help with PD prescription, especially in obese patients.
Outcomes of Corynebacterium Peritonitis: A Multicenter Registry Analysis
Authors: Htay Htay , Cho Yeoungjee , Pascoe Elaine M. , Darssan Darsy , Hawley Carmel , Clayton Philip A. , Borlace Monique , Badve Sunil V. , Sud Kamal , Boudville Neil , McDonald Stephen P. , Johnson David W.
Published: July 2017

Background

Corynebacterium is a rare cause of peritonitis that is increasingly being recognized in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The aims of this study were to compare Corynebacterium peritonitis outcomes with those of peritonitis caused by other organisms and to examine the effects of type and duration of antibiotic therapy on outcomes of Corynebacterium peritonitis.

Methods

Using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) data, we included all PD patients who developed peritonitis in Australia between 2004 and 2014. The primary outcome was peritonitis cure by antibiotic therapy, defined as resolution of a peritonitis episode with antibiotics alone and without being complicated by recurrence, relapse, catheter removal, hemodialysis transfer, or death. Peritonitis outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

A total of 11,122 episodes of peritonitis in 5,367 patients were included. Of these, 162 episodes (1.5%) were due to Corynebacterium. Compared with Corynebacterium peritonitis, the odds of cure were lower in peritonitis due to Staphylococcus aureus (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45 – 0.97), Pseudomonas (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14 – 0.33), other gram-negative organisms (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35 – 0.75), fungi (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01 – 0.03), polymicrobial organisms (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.22 – 0.47), and other organisms (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44 – 0.99) but similar for culture-negative and other gram-positive peritonitis. Similar results were observed for hemodialysis transfer and death. The outcomes of Corynebacterium peritonitis were not associated with the type of initial antibiotic selected (vancomycin vs cefazolin) or the duration of antibiotic therapy (≤ 14 days vs > 14 days).

Conclusions

Outcomes for Corynebacterium peritonitis are generally favorable compared with other forms of peritonitis. Cure rates did not appear to differ if peritonitis was treated initially with vancomycin or cefazolin or if treatment duration was prolonged beyond 14 days.
Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). II. Refined System Parameters and Transit Timing Analysis of HAT-P-33b
Authors: Wang Yong-Hao , Wang Songhu , Liu Hui-Gen , Hinse Tobias C. , Laughlin Gregory , Wu Dong-Hong , Zhang Xiaojia , Zhou Xu , Wu Zhenyu , Zhou Ji-Lin , Wittenmyer R. A. , Eastman Jason , Zhang Hui , Hori Yasunori , Narita Norio , Chen Yuanyuan , Ma Jun , Peng Xiyan , Zhang Tian-Meng , Zou Hu , Nie Jun-Dan , Zhou Zhi-Min
Published: July 2017

We present 10 R-band photometric observations of eight different transits of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-33b, which has been targeted by our Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project. The data were obtained by two telescopes at the Xinglong Station of National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC) from 2013 December through 2016 January, and exhibit photometric scatter of

. After jointly analyzing the previously published photometric data, radial-velocity (RV) measurements, and our new light curves, we revisit the system parameters and orbital ephemeris for the HAT-P-33b system. Our results are consistent with the published values except for the planet to star radius ratio (

), the ingress/egress duration (τ) and the total duration (T
14), which together indicate a slightly shallower and shorter transit shape. Our results are based on more complete light curves, whereas the previously published work had only one complete transit light curve. No significant anomalies in Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) are found, and we place upper mass limits on potential perturbers, largely supplanting the loose constraints provided by the extant RV data. The TTV limits are stronger near mean-motion resonances, especially for the low-order commensurabilities. We can exclude the existence of a perturber with mass larger than 0.6, 0.3, 0.5, 0.5, and

near the 1:3, 1:2, 2:3, 3:2, and 2:1 resonances, respectively.
The Solar X-Ray Limb
Authors: Battaglia Marina , Hudson Hugh S. , Hurford Gordon J. , Krucker Säm , Schwartz Richard A.
Published: July 2017

We describe a new technique to measure the height of the X-ray limb with observations from occulted X-ray flare sources as observed by the RHESSI (the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Spectroscopic Imager) satellite. This method has model dependencies different from those present in traditional observations at optical wavelengths, which depend upon detailed modeling involving radiative transfer in a medium with complicated geometry and flows. It thus provides an independent and more rigorous measurement of the “true” solar radius, which means that of the mass distribution. RHESSI’s measurement makes use of the flare X-ray source’s spatial Fourier components (the visibilities), which are sensitive to the presence of the sharp edge at the lower boundary of the occulted source. We have found a suitable flare event for analysis, SOL2011-10-20T03:25 (M1.7), and report a first result from this novel technique here. Using a four-minute integration over the 3–25 keV photon energy range, we find

R

X
‐
ray

=
960.11
±
0.15
±
0.29

arcsec, at 1 au, where the uncertainties include statistical uncertainties from the method and a systematic error. The standard VAL-C model predicts a value of 959.94 arcsec, which is about 1σ below our value.
Simulations of the Fe Kα Energy Spectra from Gravitationally Microlensed Quasars
Authors: Krawczynski H. , Chartas G.
Published: July 2017

The analysis of the Chandra X-ray observations of the gravitationally lensed quasar RX J1131−1231 revealed the detection of multiple and energy-variable spectral peaks. The spectral variability is thought to result from the microlensing of the Fe Kα emission, selectively amplifying the emission from certain regions of the accretion disk with certain effective frequency shifts of the Fe Kα line emission. In this paper, we combine detailed simulations of the emission of Fe Kα photons from the accretion disk of a Kerr black hole with calculations of the effect of gravitational microlensing on the observed energy spectra. The simulations show that microlensing can indeed produce multiply peaked energy spectra. We explore the dependence of the spectral characteristics on black hole spin, accretion disk inclination, corona height, and microlensing amplification factor and show that the measurements can be used to constrain these parameters. We find that the range of observed spectral peak energies of QSO RX J1131−1231 can only be reproduced for black hole inclinations exceeding 70° and for lamppost corona heights of less than 30 gravitational radii above the black hole. We conclude by emphasizing the scientific potential of studies of the microlensed Fe Kα quasar emission and the need for more detailed modeling that explores how the results change for more realistic accretion disk and corona geometries and microlensing magnification patterns. A full analysis should furthermore model the signal-to-noise ratio of the observations and the resulting detection biases.
Is WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 Really a Magnetically Active, Pole-on L Dwarf?
Authors: Route Matthew
Published: July 2017

The interplay of rotation and manifested magnetic activity on ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) is of key importance for gathering clues regarding the operation of the dynamos within these objects. A number of magnetized UCDs host kG-strength magnetic fields. It was recently reported that the L8 dwarf WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 is a radio-emitting UCD that is likely observed pole-on, due to its lack of photometric variability and narrow spectral lines. Follow-up radio observations at Arecibo Observatory, together with a careful analysis of previously published details, however, suggest that the scientific and statistical significance of the radio and spectroscopic data has been overstated. If the UCD is observed along its aligned spin/magnetic axis, the absence of observed Hα activity may present challenges to the auroral model of UCD magnetism, although short-term or long-term cyclic magnetic activity may explain this behavior. The Monte Carlo simulations presented here suggest that the source probably rotates with

km s−1, indicating that its inclination angle and rotational velocity are unexceptional and that its angular momentum has evolved as expected for brown dwarfs observed in ∼1 Myr old clusters. The discovery and verification of the most rapidly and slowest rotating brown dwarfs places valuable constraints on the angular momentum evolution and magnetic activity histories of these objects.
Ab Initio Simulations of a Supernova-driven Galactic Dynamo in an Isolated Disk Galaxy
Authors: Butsky Iryna , Zrake Jonathan , Kim Ji-hoon , Yang Hung-I , Abel Tom
Published: July 2017

We study the magnetic field evolution of an isolated spiral galaxy, using isolated Milky Way–mass galaxy formation simulations and a novel prescription for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) supernova feedback. Our main result is that a galactic dynamo can be seeded and driven by supernova explosions, resulting in magnetic fields whose strength and morphology are consistent with observations. In our model, supernovae supply thermal energy and a low-level magnetic field along with their ejecta. The thermal expansion drives turbulence, which serves a dual role by efficiently mixing the magnetic field into the interstellar medium and amplifying it by means of a turbulent dynamo. The computational prescription for MHD supernova feedback has been implemented within the publicly available ENZO code and is fully described in this paper. This improves upon ENZO's existing modules for hydrodynamic feedback from stars and active galaxies. We find that the field attains microgauss levels over gigayear timescales throughout the disk. The field also develops a large-scale structure, which appears to be correlated with the disk’s spiral arm density structure. We find that seeding of the galactic dynamo by supernova ejecta predicts a persistent correlation between gas metallicity and magnetic field strength. We also generate all-sky maps of the Faraday rotation measure from the simulation-predicted magnetic field, and we present a direct comparison with observations.
The Tabanidae of the Mitaraka expedition, with an updated check list of French Guiana (Diptera)
Authors: Krolow Tiago Kütter , Henriques Augusto Loureiro , Pollet Marc
Published: July 2017

This paper documents the horse fly fauna collected in lowland rainforest in the southwesternmost part of French Guiana (Mitaraka). During this “Our Planet Revisited” survey nine tabanid species were recorded from French Guiana for the first time:Chrysops ecuadorensisLutz,C. incisusMacquart,Catachlorops amazonicusHenriques & Gorayeb,Chlorotabanus flagellatusKrolow & Henriques,Cryptoylus cauriStone,Phaeotabanus phaeopterusFairchild,Philipotabanus stigmaticalis(Kröber),Stypommisa captiroptera(Kröber) andTabanus amapaensisFairchild. An updated check list of Tabanidae of French Guiana is presented, including 79 species and one unidentifiedChrysops.
Pour une compréhension centrée sur la personne de la conscience et de l’inconscient
Authors: Wilkins Paul , Ducroux-Biass Françoise
Published: July 2017

Depuis les temps anciens, la nature de la conscience a toujours préoccupé les penseurs. Aujourd’hui, avec l’arrivée de la démarche scientifique, la conscience est, pour Wilkins, synonyme de prise de conscience. Or, d’après Rogers, quand la prise de conscience, capacité unique de l’homme, s’ajoute à l’experiencing, caractéristique de tout le règne animal, il en résulte un organisme merveilleusement réaliste. Pour Rogers, les individus sont conduits par la tendance actualisante vers un plein fonctionnement. Cette vision est constructive et à l’opposé de la domination du ça freudien. Y aurait-il alors des degrés de conscience ? La conscience est quelque chose d’évolutif, un processus de devenir. Il y a un réservoir de vécu intérieur qui n’est pas immédiatement accessible à la prise de conscience. En Approche centrée sur la personne, il semble évident que nous avons les capacités de « retrouver » les expériences, idées, sentiments que nous avons semés dans une partie non consciente de notre esprit. Toutefois, les questions relatives à la conscience et à l’inconscient sont loin d’être résolues. Les choses bougent dans le domaine de la conscience, et Wilkins montre qu’un certain nombre de questions qu’il aborde n’ont aujourd’hui pas de réponse.
Réponse aux couples et aux familles en détresse : les six conditions de Rogers vécues à l’aune du medium unique de la thérapie relationnelle
Authors: O’Leary Charles J , Stora Nicole
Published: July 2017

La psychothérapie relationnelle telle que l’envisage Charles O’Leary peut être considérée comme une application de l’Approche centrée sur la personne aux contextes particuliers du couple et de la famille. Dans ces configurations, le thérapeute est face à une entité minimale de deux personnes qui représente le client s’il s’agit d’un couple, ou de plusieurs personnes s’il s’agit d’une famille ; les uns et les autres se trouvant dans la relation spécifique qui les relie. Dans cet article, l’auteur a procédé à une étude systématique des conditions thérapeutiques définies par Rogers appliquées à des instances qui sont propres aux deux situations en question pour démontrer que la thérapie relationnelle s’inscrit dans les paradigmes de l’Approche centrée sur la personne.
Agir dans la diversité des langues
Authors: Grobet Anne
Published: July 2017

La notion de topic conversationnel étudiée par Anne-Claude Berthoud se trouve au cœur de ce chapitre, qui l’envisage dans le contexte de différents types d’interactions en classe. Il s’agit d’examiner comment les topics sont introduits, repris, réorientés et clôturés dans le cadre de négociations, envisagées ici comme impliquant minimalement trois phases, à savoir une proposition, une réaction et une ratification. L’analyse détaillée de séquences extraites d’interactions en classe bilingue de différents degrés permet de mettre en évidence les interrelations entre la gestion des topics, certes marquée par l’asymétrie des rôles de l’enseignant et des apprenants, et la situation (degré, discipline), le cadre participatif (plus ou moins polygéré) et la gestion des faces des interactants.
Agir dans la diversité des langues
Authors: Gajo Laurent
Published: July 2017

Ce chapitre propose une réflexion sur la nature des activités métalinguistiques et le rôle du travail plurilingue dans l’interaction en classe. L’analyse de deux séquences enregistrées dans des classes bilingues, l’une au secondaire et l’autre au primaire, montre la subtilité du passage entre le traitement des objets de savoirs et celui des moyens linguistiques. L’intervention de la deuxième langue met en évidence cette subtilité et, tout à la fois, permet de l’outiller en créant des lieux de passage, des mouvements d’intégration. Si l’analyse semble résister, ce n’est pas la notion de continuum – entre « méta » et « non méta » – qui permet de répondre de manière satisfaisante, mais plutôt celle de continuité. Cette dernière relève du traitement, de l’orientation vers les objets et non de la nature de ceux-ci. Le recours à une deuxième langue dans l’interaction peut ainsi engager un processus de « re-médiation », un deuxième accès aux objets de savoirs, apparaissant alors dans leur épaisseur et dans leurs contingences linguistiques. De manière générale, cette contribution montre l’intérêt de travailler sur des situations de discours particulièrement complexes, où le multicodage (passages de l’oral à l’écrit), le multilinguisme (mobilisation possible d’une diversité de langues) et la multimodalité (recours à diverses ressources de médiation, parmi lesquelles le langage) jouent un rôle important.
Agir dans la diversité des langues
Authors: Steffen Gabriela
Published: July 2017

L’enseignement bilingue s’inscrit potentiellement dans une didactique du plurilinguisme : par l’enseignement en plusieurs langues, il peut donner lieu à un apprentissage intégré des langues et réaliser un apprentissage intégré des disciplines et des langues. Ce potentiel ne peut se réaliser pleinement, d’une part, lorsque l’enseignement est organisé de manière à orienter le travail en classe uniquement vers les contenus disciplinaires, dont la langue est un véhicule traité comme transparent, le développement des ressources langagières utiles pour et spécifiques à une discipline restant ainsi en grande partie implicite. D’autre part, ce potentiel reste largement inexploité lorsqu’on sépare entièrement les langues d’enseignement et que les cours se déroulent en L2 sans faire explicitement appel à la L1. Les extraits – présentés dans ce chapitre, et issus de classes bilingues en maternelle, au secondaire supérieur et au tertiaire – montrent que les enseignants recourent à un usage alterné des langues et mettent ainsi à contribution les ressources bilingues et/ou la confrontation, voire la problématisation des savoirs en L2 et en L1, dans un cadre institutionnel qui tend à séparer les langues dans les enseignements. Ces pratiques en classe mettent en évidence que l’intégration des apprentissages en et de L1 et L2 va au-delà de la simple articulation de deux apprentissages monolingues et tient à une posture bi-plurilingue des enseignants privilégiant des approches qui travaillent avec un répertoire plurilingue et qui didactisent le contact de langues dans l’enseignement des disciplines. De manière similaire, l’enseignement/apprentissage des langues et des disciplines s’articule et s’incorpore de manière complexe dans une approche qui intègre travail sur les ressources langagières (en L2 et/ou en L1) et élaboration des contenus disciplinaires et thématiques. Les extraits présentés illustrent bien que les activités qui articulent et intègrent l’enseignement/apprentissage des répertoires langagiers et celui des disciplines en plusieurs langues donnent lieu à des apprentissages riches et complexes.
Agir dans la diversité des langues
Authors: Van de Craen Piet , Joret Marie-Ève , Surmont Jill
Published: July 2017

Ce chapitre montre que l’approche CLIL/EMILE (content and language integrated learning/enseignement d’une matière intégré à une langue étrangère) dépasse le cadre strict de l’apprentissage des langues. Dans une première partie, le chapitre résume les effets linguistiques, psycho-sociaux, cognitifs et cérébraux. Trois aspects didactiques d’EMILE sont ensuite examinés, à savoir le multilinguisme additif, le principe de répétition et le transfert des compétences, attestant que cette approche possède des caractéristiques tout à fait particulières et difficilement comparables à l’apprentissage traditionnel des langues. La prise en compte des résultats scolaires liés à l’influence du développement cognitif renforce encore cette thèse. Le cas des mathématiques étudié ensuite est exemplaire en ce qu’il montre que les élèves issus de l’enseignement bilingue ont de meilleurs résultats que ceux de l’enseignement traditionnel. La troisième partie présente le processus conduisant à ces résultats. Il est suggéré que l’apprentissage implicite de la langue cible est responsable des bons scores réalisés dans les tests de mathématiques. Enfin, les effets cognitifs de l’enseignement par immersion sont mis en regard de ceux obtenus dans l’enseignement musical implicite effectué dans le cadre de la méthode Suzuki. Ces parallèles démontrent que, dans les deux cas, l’apprentissage implicite a des effets cognitifs similaires sur les fonctions exécutives des enfants.
Agir dans la diversité des langues
Authors: Coste Daniel
Published: July 2017

Ce chapitre fait retour sur les évolutions qui, dans le domaine des politiques linguistiques éducatives et de la didactique des langues, ont suivi la publication, en 2001, du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues (CECR) et du Portfolio européen des langues, instruments mis à disposition par la Division des politiques linguistiques du Conseil de l’Europe. Les usages constatés du CECR sont commentés en termes de succès différenciés dans les secteurs de l’évaluation, de la méthodologie d’enseignement, de la prise en compte de la pluralité linguistique, de la conception des curricula. Sont évoqués les débats auxquels ces effets pluriels ont donné lieu. Une partie des travaux engagés dans le prolongement du CECR s’est orientée vers les dimensions plurilingues de l’éducation, notamment avec la parution du Guide pour l’élaboration des politiques linguistiques éducatives en Europe. Et dans ce mouvement, la langue principale de scolarisation est peu à peu devenue un objet majeur de réflexion. Un tel passage progressif d’une focalisation sur les langues étrangères à une centration sur la langue de scolarisation résulte de la dynamique même du projet d’éducation plurilingue. C’est dans la logique de cette évolution que le projet « Langues dans l’éducation, langues pour l’éducation » prend son sens et détermine son équilibre : toutes les langues présentes en quelque manière dans l’école sont posées comme langues de l’éducation, mais tout le dispositif gravite autour de la langue de scolarisation, comme matière scolaire et comme constitutive des apprentissages des autres matières. Une Plateforme de ressources et de références pour l’éducation plurilingue et interculturelle, dispositif en ligne, a été créée et rassemble des textes divers qui présentent et illustrent les principes et démarches possibles relevant de ce qui, dans la perspective retenue par l’Unité des politiques linguistiques, est recouvert par la notion d’éducation plurilingue et interculturelle.
Socially Assistive Robots: Measuring Older Adults' Perceptions
Authors: Beuscher Linda M. , Fan Jing , Sarkar Nilanjan , Dietrich Mary S. , Newhouse Paul A. , Miller Karen F. , Mion Lorraine C.
Published: July 2017

To address manpower shortages, health care leaders recommend technology, including robots, to facilitate and augment processes for delivery of efficient, safe care. Little is known regarding older adults' perceptions of socially assistive robots (SARs). Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use Technology framework, a survey was developed and tested for capturing older adults' likelihood to use SARs. The Robot Acceptance Survey (RAS) comprises three subscales: Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, and Attitude. Older adults completed the RAS pre- and post-experimental procedure with a SAR. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.77 to 0.89. Subscales were sensitive to change, with more positive reactions after exposure to SAR activities. Future studies must identify robotic programming capable of providing cognitive, physical, and social assistance, as well as person-, activity-, situation-, and robot-specific factors that will influence older adults' acceptance of SARs. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(12), 35–43.]
What we talk about when we talk about decentralization? Insights from post-revolution Tunisia
Authors: Salman Lana
Published: July 2017

Ce papier examine le langage de la décentralisation en Tunisie postrévolutionnaire. Il présente l’hypothèse que les institutions financières internationales mobilisent un langage de décentralisation qui leur permet d’attirer de nouveaux clients et de se réinventer dans un paysage politique en mutation. La montée en popularité des politiques de décentralisation dans un moment postrévolutionnaire dans les pays du Moyen Orient et de l’Afrique du Nord est partiellement due à ce langage. Dans une région où les expériences en terme de décentralisation restent limitées, il ne suffit pas d’examiner les incitations des décideurs à décentraliser ou bien l’effet des politiques de décentralisation une fois mise en œuvre. En fait, il s’avère nécessaire d’examiner la convergence de pressions locales pour pluraliser un champ politique restreint et des agendas de développement conçus par des institutions financières internationales qui présente les politiques de décentralisation comme modèle de développement approprié dans un contexte postrévolutionnaire. Pour défendre cette hypothèse, j’analyse le langage utilisé dans les rapports mondiaux de développement pour les années 2008 et 2009 de la Banque Mondiale qui tracent le justificatif intellectuel des politiques de décentralisation. Ensuite, je compare ce langage à celui utilisé par la société civile en Tunisie qui propose d’octroyer des « réparations » aux « régions victimes » au lieu de la pour redresser les injustices territoriales vécus sous le régime précèdent, au lieu d’une simple politique de décentralisation définie comme l’autonomie politique, financière et administrative des communes. Cette comparaison est importance puisqu’elle montre deux modèles de développement divergents et nous aide à repenser l’universalité du concept de la décentralisation à partir de la Tunisie.
La démocratie au concret : Les enjeux politiques et territoriaux de la mise en place du Budget Participatif dans la Tunisie post-Ben Ali (2011-2016)
Authors: Som- Joseph-Désiré , De Facci Damiano
Published: July 2017

Le budget participatif est une modalité de la démocratie locale, gage d’une meilleure participation des citoyens à la coproduction de l’action publique locale. Son usage semble remporter un certain succès dans une dizaine de communes tunisiennes depuis 2014, au point que se fait jour la volonté de plusieurs acteurs étatiques et associatifs de l’institutionnaliser à l’échelle nationale. La promotion de dispositifs participatifs au niveau local est loin d’être une « idée neuve » en Tunisie et fut jadis au service d’un projet de légitimation du régime et de contrôle de proximité des citoyens. Mais dans ses nouvelles mises en œuvre, sans rompre totalement avec les anciennes logiques, il permet d’identifier certaines des dynamiques territoriales et politiques qui façonnent le processus de décentralisation dans la Tunisie de l’après-Ben Ali. A partir d’une entrée par les policy transfers, nous montrons que le budget participatif est le fruit d’une combinatoire. D’un côté, il est le produit de la rencontre entre des arènes circulatoires de la participation et des entrepreneurs locaux du monde associatif ; de l’autre, il est au cœur d’enjeux et de luttes politiques territorialement situées. Espace d’énonciation d’un nouveau rapport au politique, il est aussi pour plusieurs acteurs locaux, notamment les exécutifs municipaux en mal de légitimité, une opportunité de construction d’un capital politique et une modalité de cadrage des dynamiques populaires.
Technology-Infused Balanced Literacy for Enhancing the Reading Skills of Early Grade Children
Authors: Khan Amar Ali , Maqsood Manzile , Umair Sajid
Published: July 2017

English is considered as a universal and global language. It serves as a bridge between different cultures and countries. Owing to its great importance research studies are being carried out across the world in order to find out the best ways of teaching English Language at earlier stages of schooling. One such identified way is balanced literacy. This is a systematic approach towards teaching English not as a subject but as a language. This study was conducted to see the effect of technology infused balanced literacy approach on the learning skills and engagement level of English learners in context of Pakistani schools where English is taught as a second Language. An intervention of six weeks was carried out. During the study the conventional teaching methodology of English was also observed. The results of the study suggest the use of balanced literacy for improvement of reading skills.
Principles of Learning in the Technology-Enhanced Classroom
Authors: Krahenbuhl Kevin S.
Published: July 2017

This chapter presents a contextual overview of common misconceptions, challenges, and conceptual frames of importance with respect to learning with technology. Having explored these foundational elements, it adapts principles of learning and multimedia informed by empirical research in cognitive science for the technology-enhanced classroom. The chapter concludes with areas for future research expanding on this synthesis of research and a discussion of its implications and applications for educators in these technologically rich learning environments.
Self-Directed Learning With Technology and Academic Motivation as Predictors of Tablet PC Acceptance
Authors: Yilmaz Ramazan , Yilmaz Fatma Gizem Karaoglan , Ezin Cigdem Cavus
Published: July 2017

In this study, it has been attempted to examine the role of self-directed learning with technology and academic motivation in students' status of tablet PC acceptance at a high school where each student's processes of classroom and out of class learning are tried to be supported upon delivery of tablets to each student. The participants of the research have been consisted of 310 high school students. The data of the research has been obtained with use of questionnaire questions developed by the researchers, the tablet PC acceptance scale, self-directed learning with technology scale and the academic motivation scale. The structural equation modelling has been made use of data analysis. Research findings have shown that self-directed learning with technology and academic motivation were in turn effective in students' tablet PC acceptance. Some suggestions have been made for students, teachers and administrators in the light of findings of the research.
Technology Integration and Upgradation of Higher Secondary Education
Authors: Mahmood Afshan S. , Khattak Nayab , Haq Noorul , Umair Sajid
Published: July 2017

Given the growing impact of Science and Technology, particularly, information and communication technologies on every dimension of human life today, many parts of the world have been quicker in their response to the change for their own betterment. The wise realize that education lies at the centre of development in all fields. Therefore, these nations are now focused on upgrading all tiers of education to equip their youth with all essential skills to not only survive but lead their nations through 21st century. Pakistan is, unfortunately, one of the countries that lag behind. It has been, though, successful in upgradation of higher education. A lot needs to be done to bring school and college education up to the mark. Higher secondary education needs specific focus as this stage marks transitional phase of a child from adolescence to early adulthood at 16-18; hence significant changes in child's overall personality.
A Critical Analysis of the Use of Mobile Devices in the Classroom and Its Implication for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Adjin-Tettey Theodora Dame , Akrobotu Vincentia Abui
Published: July 2017

The use of mobile devices, especially, by teens has been looked at with much apprehension and suspicion with some saying that it can be used to acquire information which can be detrimental to their social and psychological growth. Some teachers complain that it affects teens' studies as these teenagers stay up late in the night browsing, chatting, watching movies and playing games which cause them to sleep in class or pay little attention because of tiredness. In Ghana students in public schools up to Senior High School are not allowed to use personal mobile phones, laptops and other mobile gadgets in school because of implications such as those enumerated above. On the other hand, some, including those in prominent positions in government, have called for a rethink of such a directive by the Ministry of Education. This chapter critically looks into previous literature on the use of mobile devices in the classroom and suggests ways in which it can be effectively used to advance academic work in the classroom.
Multi Criteria Decision Making Techniques in Urban Planning and Geology
Authors: Kumlu Kadriye Burcu Yavuz , Tüdeş Şule
Published: July 2017

In this paper, Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) processes will be clarified in the context of the disciplines related with the spatial information, as urban planning and its geographical perspective. For this purpose, first Spatial MCDM will be introduced, then the relation between the geographical data and GIS is established. Therefore, following sections include the detailed explanation of three widely used Spatial MCDM techniques, as Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). These techniques will be clarified by giving examples related with urban planning and geological science.
The Challenges of Sustainable Business Development in the Post-Industrial Society in the First Half of the 21st Century
Authors: Roblek Vasja , Erenda Ivan , Meško Maja
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the chapter is to find out the meaning of the sustainable development in the post-industrial society in the first half of the 21st century. The financial crisis that started in 2008 is an indicator of how short-term profitability mindsets and related strategies, policies and actions of individuals and individual organizations can cause global economic, ecological and ethical crises. These events have contributed to the judgement that most organizations operate on business models that are not sustainable. The conceptual content contributes to the ongoing discussion about the increasingly important role of sustainable development as a major concern for the profit and non-profit sector that wish to develop the policies that will enable low but sustainable growth of society.
Microfinance Institutions Influenced by National Culture
Authors: Banász Zsuzsanna , Csepregi Anikó
Published: July 2017

Many studies deal with the determinants of countries' culture or efficiency of microfinance institutions (MFIs). The purpose of this chapter is to fill the gap in the literature, namely, to analyze the connection between national cultural features and indicators of countries' microfinance institutions. The authors summarize the mission and operation of microfinance institutions, the six dimensions of national culture and three knowledge strategies. 35 countries representing the subject of the research, the statistics of which are available for both MFIs' side and national cultural side. The rank correlation and the investigation of TOP 5 countries show that the MFIs are successful in countries characterized by high level of power distance, collectivistic culture, high level of uncertainty avoidance and restraint culture. The chapter also lists few countries where MFIs could be successfully introduced based on their national cultural features and recommends certain knowledge strategies for effective operation.
Perspectives of the Hydrology of the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands of Kenya
Authors: Ondieki Christopher Misati
Published: July 2017

ASALs in the tropics present challenges to sustainable livelihoods that include; drought vagaries, land use/change, and increasing population with inherent water supply demands and vulnerability to pollution. Water insecurity, environmental degradation and declining agricultural productivity are threats to livelihoods. Climate change impacts on water resources and transboundary conflicts make resource management a daunting task. Knowledge on hydrologic processes of recharge, erosion and pollution and; climate change informs policy and stakeholder engagement. This chapter outlines the ASAL characteristics, rainwater harvesting techniques and gives insight on transboundary issues. It concludes that sustainable resource planning and development can be achieved through stakeholder engagement and multidisciplinary activities best carried out in watersheds. Planning based on information and data could yield improved livelihoods in ASALs.
Death and Culture
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel , George Babu
Published: July 2017

Taking cues from the surging popularity of thana-tourism, this paper argues that its prevalence echoes the end days of capitalism. The predominant forms of tourism in a society reflect the ethos of that society. What we once called ‘mass tourism' reflected the spirit of classical capitalism; later, ecotourism and various other alternative forms of tourism reflected a critical turn in capitalism, often called the ‘sympathetic capitalism'. These were incremental alternations, however. Thana-tourism is a qualitatively discontinuous form of tourism and its surge should thus correspond with a similarly discontinuous, radical, shift in capitalism. The authors present scholarly perspectives to bring home the view that thana-tourism might indeed be symptomatic of the end of capitalism
5G
Authors: Yarrabothu Ravi Sekhar
Published: July 2017

In evolution towards a successful mobile communications, the radio technology plays major role and the chosen radio technology should be spectrally efficient, robust and reliable. OFDM provided the much needed spectral efficiency, reliability, robustness and scalability for LTE, compared to the previous access methods such as TDMA, FDMA, and CDMA. For 5G, we should look for more spectrally efficient and massively scalable radio technology to cater to IoT and high bandwidth applications. The objective of this chapter is to introduce the 5G radio system, its challenges from both user and network perspective, and the key disruptive technologies for 5G – such as carrier aggregation, waveform engineering, full duplex, Multi-RAT, flexible networks, and Massive MIMO. Finally, the chapter discusses the current developments in 5G radio research.
Data Compaction Techniques
Authors: Kumar R. Raj , Viswanath P. , Bindu C. Shoba
Published: July 2017

A large dataset is not preferable as it increases computational burden on the methods operating over it. Given the Large dataset, it is always interesting that whether one can generate smaller dataset which is a subset or a set (cardinality should be less when compare to original dataset) of extracted patterns from that large dataset. The patterns in the subset are representatives of the patterns in the original dataset. The subset (set) of representing patterns forms the Prototype set. Forming Prototype set is broadly categorized into two types. 1) Prototype set which is a proper subset of original dataset. 2) Prototype set which contains patterns extracted by using the patterns in the original dataset. This process of reducing the training set can also be done with the features of the training set. The authors discuss the reduction of the datasets in the both directions. These methods are well known as Data Compaction Techniques.
Methodologies and Technologies to Retrieve Information From Text Sources
Authors: Singha Anu , Namgay Phub
Published: July 2017

A tool which algorithmically traces the effectiveness of the text files would be helpful in determining whether the text file have all the characteristic of important concepts. Every text source is build up on key phrases, and these paramount phrases follow a certain grammatical linguistic pattern widely used. An enormous amount of information can be derived from these key concepts for the further analysis such as their dispersion, relationship among the concepts etc. The relationship among the key concepts can be used to draw a concept graphs. So, this chapter presents a detailed methodologies and technologies which evaluate the effectiveness of the extracted information from text files.
Use of Social Network Analysis in Telecommunication Domain
Authors: Mishra Sushruta , Mishra Brojo Kishore , Tripathy Hrudaya Kumar , Mishra Monalisa , Panda Bijayalaxmi
Published: July 2017

Social network analysis (SNA) is the analysis of social communication through network and graph theory. In our chapter the application of SNA has been explored in telecommunication domain. Telecom data consist of Customer data and Call Detail Data (CDR). The proposed work, considers the attributes of call detail data and customer data as different relationship types to model our Multi-relational Telecommunication social network. Typical work on social network analysis includes the discovery of group of customers who shares similar properties. A new challenge is the mining of hidden communities on such heterogeneous social networks, to group the customers as churners and non-churners in Telecommunication social network. After the analysis of the available data we constructed a Weights Multi-relational Social Network, in which each relation carry a different weight, representing how close two customers are with one another. The centrality measures depict the intensity of the customer closeness, hence we can determine the customer who influence the other customer to churn.
Forty Years of Organizational Communication
Authors: Salem Philip J. , Timmerman C. Erik
Published: July 2017

This essay begins with a description of the emergence of organizational communication as a discipline. The authors explain how Murray's notion of a discipline framed a 1976 organizational communication conference and two consequent conferences held twenty years apart. Because all three conferences featured the same distinctive way to present material, the conferences provided a unique opportunity to track the development of the discipline. This chapter provides a representative review of the organizational communication literature over 40 years as an historical context. This chapter begins by explaining Murray's categories, and the authors describe 40 year trends in the literature within each category. The authors end the chapter by highlighting the challenges and opportunities ahead.
Exploring the Intersections of Individual and Collective Communication Design
Authors: Barbour Joshua B. , Gill Rebecca , Barge J. Kevin
Published: July 2017

The goal of this chapter is to articulate an agenda for the study of collective communication design. The chapter begins with an introduction to communication as design (CAD) and then presents distinctions between individual and collective objects and subjects of communication design. Messages, interaction architectures, moments, and flows are explored as categories of communication design activity. The chapter ends with a discussion of CAD as normative, practical theory, and makes the case that communication effectiveness depends on communicators' reflexivity, the sophistication of their models of communication, and their skill and ability in enacting preferred designs for communication. The intersections between individual and collective communication design should empower theoretical efforts to understand and explain interventions in organizing through communication.
From Personal Knowledge Management to Corporate Knowledge Management
Authors: Sezgin Ayşe Aslı , İplik Esengül
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study is to identify the applications to be used for personal knowledge management, determine their area of use, and specify and analyze the examples obtained for their use at administrative levels in corporations. Within this framework, this study includes the assessment of the work flow of a top manager with the required experience and professionalism in the field of knowledge management. Besides the literature review conducted in line with the content of the subject area in this study, applications that enable personal knowledge management in particular and the similarities between these applications and the features of their social media networks were detected, and their specific purpose of use was clarified. Evernote, chosen as a sample application to be used at corporations, following personal knowledge management, has been assessed within the framework of managers' experiences with the use of depth interview technique.
The Role of Knowledge Transfer in Modern Organizations
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: July 2017

This chapter reveals the overview of knowledge transfer; knowledge transfer, labor mobility, and labor diversity; knowledge transfer and subsidiary perspectives; barriers to knowledge transfer; knowledge transfer and absorptive capacity; knowledge transfer and knowledge acquisition; knowledge transfer and virtual teams; and the advanced issues of knowledge transfer in modern organizations. The process of transferring knowledge is an ongoing progression of learning, adjusting, and improving. At the organizational level, knowledge transfer manifests itself through changes in the knowledge of a unit. Most successful knowledge transfer efforts actively involve both the source of the knowledge and its receiver. Establishing performance expectations for those who will use the knowledge further quantifies the value of the transfer. Companies considering or using knowledge transfer processes, should continuously evaluate their social media readiness. The benefits of knowledge transfer for workplaces include the increases in productivity, speed, agility, profits, and growth.
Tunisia
Authors: Esen Ömer , Aydın Celil
Published: July 2017

Turkey has been providing considerable political and economic support to Tunisia, which has recently been struggling with economic, social, and political crises. In this process, mutual diplomatic visits have become intense on one hand, and economic relations and commercial affairs have gained momentum between the two countries on the other hand. The political and economic support of Turkey has been playing an important role in the alleviation of problems such as unemployment, lack of investment, and socio-economic problems in Tunisia. However, another challenging process is awaiting Tunisia in the following period. Hence, the positive contributions to be made by Turkey will keep on playing a significant role there. In this regard, it is highly important to explore the possible areas in which Turkey will contribute to the solution of problems in the troublesome process Tunisia is very likely to experience and to make efforts for the improvement of bilateral relations.