bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social practices of environmental consciousness: Regional aspect
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kalinnikova Marina V.
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the environmental consciousness of the region's population as a special property of reflecting the social nature of a person, expressed through personal concern about the state of the environment, through the acquisition of environmental information and practical activities to preserve and restore the natural environment. Particular attention in the article is given to theoretical approaches to the consideration of the phenomenon of ecological consciousness. Human consciousness as a "specific property of organized complexity" is considered in the works of Teilhard de Chardin, V. I. Vernadsky, I. R. Prigogine. In the philosophical direction (R. S. Karpinskaya, I. K. Liseev, N. N. Moiseev), a co-evolutionary approach is used, which reflects the unity of human, society and the nature that undergoes changes. The study of environmental consciousness with the help of a rational sociological approach involves the use of statistical methods for researching a particular region. Understanding the ecological consciousness as the three-element system "man – society – nature" enables us to compose a model of ecological consciousness in the form of three components: world perception, information, activity. In the course of the author's sociological study, it was found that a significant number of the of the Saratov region residents (88%) are personally concerned about environmental problems. At the same time, the population is informed both about global environmental problems and about the environmental situation in the region. However, residents of the region towns do not consider themselves sufficiently informed about the environmental problems of their place of residence. Most of the respondents (71%) take an active part in the implementation of environmental activities, for example, 67.5% participated in community work days to clean up the territory; 22.8% – participated in tree planting campaigns; 49.1% try not to use plastic bags and bottles, if possible, etc. The conclusion made is that the environmental consciousness of the population in the Saratov region fully corresponds to the compiled model, due to the fact that the population feels personal responsibility for the state of the environment, is aware of the environmental principles that enable conscious environmental activities of the nature protection to be performed.
Women’s careers in sports during the COVID-19 pandemic: Socio-economic aspect
Authors:   Saratov State University, Rykova Inna I.
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the features of implementing women's sports career in the context of the coronavirus epidemic. Ways to maintain a career in isolation and options for its development, as well as government initiatives during this period, are analyzed. This includes a comparison of budget expenditures from the start of physical education funding to the post-pandemic period. In addition, types of careers are considered, including the ones typical to the current situation particular, the transformative type of career with a gradual upward movement and subsequent change of activity. This type of career is characterized by a high rate of job advancement (expansion of influence), which can be either gradual or abrupt. The predisposition of women to end their sports career is considered. The author's analysis is based on a sociological study conducted in 2021 in a specially designed questionnaire in Telegram using the survey method, as well as an in-depth interview with a master of sports in ballroom dancing and her career path, which combined several sports, as well as coaching. The current changes in sports practices, including the example of innovations with the help of social networks, which influenced the popularity of a healthy lifestyle are analyzed. The problems of youth sports school students and professional athletes due to the lack of equipment and the complexity of professional training at home are considered. In conclusion, the article examines the consequences not only of the pandemic, but also the ban on the participation of Russian athletes in international competitions, as well as the Olympic Games, and its possible consequences, which will negatively affect the wages of our athletes. In addition to that, there is a number of serious socio-economic problems, including the lack of financial resources for the construction of sports facilities in the regions.
Digitalization and patriotic education: Conflict of two basic state strategies to form political identity of Russian youth
Authors:   Saratov State University, Shestov Nikolay I.
Published: December 2023

There are two important directions within the structure of current Russian domestic policy, i.e. the policy of patriotic education of youth and the policy of digitalization of various areas of public and state, as well as private life of citizens. Based on the idea of the need for a state to maintain the integrity and consistency of its political interests and management decisions, both directions should complement each other and thereby make domestic policy more effective. Especially taking into account the fact that both of these directions are connected to the solution of a strategic task of formation of a stable political identity among the new generation of Russian citizens. In reality, these two directions are in conflict today at the highest level of public presentation of those specific tasks that the younger generation will have to solve in the process of finding their identity. An analysis of the way digitalization policy is presented shows that today it contains a real risk of undermining all the work to form the patriotic identity of Russian youth.
Ekosistemski pogled na Dravsko polje
Authors: Vovk Ana
Published: December 2023

V poglavju je v uvodnem delu pojasnjen pojem ekosistem ter ekosistemski pristop. Izhodišče obravnave pokrajine so njeni homogeni deli, sestavljeni iz ekosfere in biosfere. Ekosistemski pristop omogoča celostno razumevanje izbrane pokrajine. Na Dravskem polju so bile z ekosistemskim pristopom določene pokrajinske ekološke enote, ki se med seboj razlikujejo po reliefu, naklonu, nadmorski višini, kamninah oz. sedimentih in tipu prsti ter tipu vegetacije. S pomočjo reliefnega profila je bilo izrisano zaporedje posameznih enot, poimenovanih pokrajinskoekološke enote. Tem so bile določene izbrane fizičnogeografske lastnosti ter podan kvantificiran pogled na značilnosti prsti, reliefa, kamnin, klime, vegetacije in vodnih razmer. Pomen določanja pokrajinskoekoloških enot je njihovo varovanje pred naravnimi nesrečami.
Activist Discourse and the Origins of Feminist Shakespeare Studies
Authors: Nerio Magdalena
Published: December 2023

This essay reconsiders interpretations of Shakespeare by Irish writer Anna Murphy Jameson and the American Transcendentalist Margaret Fuller. Developing an informal method in which the voice of the female critic rallies in defence of Shakespeare’s heroines, they intervene in a male-dominated intellectual sphere to model alternative forms of women’s learning that take root outside of formalized institutional channels. Jameson, in Shakespeare’s Heroines, invokes the language of authentic Romantic selfhood and artistic freedom, recovering Shakespeare’s female characters from earlier critical aspersion as figures of exceptional female eloquence and resilience; she adopts a conversational critical voice to involve her female readers in the interpretative process itself. Fuller, in Woman in Nineteenth Century, speaks authoritatively as a kind of female prophet to argue that women’s creative reinterpretations of Shakespeare point the way to a revitalization of a sterile literary critical field. Both writers call for the reform of women’s education through revisionist interpretations of history attuned to the representation of female exceptionalism. In embryonic form, these nineteenth century feminist writings formulate a persistent strain of socially engaged, activist feminist criticism of Shakespeare.
Translating the Slavonic Present Participles in the Early Romanian Psalters (16th Century)
Authors: Felea Ion-Mihai
Published: December 2023

It is often said that early Romanian biblical translations from Church Slavonic follow the source texts slavishly. This is believed to be especially true about the 16th century Romanian Psalters, a group of seven texts (both printed and hand-copied) descending from a single translation. Indeed, these texts stay close to their Church Slavonic originals in topic, lexical content, and orthographical rules. However, we aim to describe how the 16th century translators and redactors dealt with Church Slavonic structures that could not be easily adapted into Romanian by means of formal equivalence. The Slavonic present participle, which appears plenty in the Slavonic Psalter, was chosen as litmus test. While theoretically having a formal correspondent in Old Romanian (the gerund), the Slavonic present participle has a range of uses and meanings that the Old Romanian gerund lacks. Thus, Romanian scribes must depart from the comfort of formal equivalence that calques and loans provide and choose the translation that convey meaning. The dynamic equivalence is obtained by selecting different solutions: gerunds, adjectives, objects and, most often, clauses, especially relative ones. Rendering participles with clauses (i.e. adjectives with verbs) forces the translator to make decisions going beyond the Slavonic participle itself. The analysis shows a tension between betraying the Slavonic text as little as possible and rendering it to the best of the redactor’s ability.
Initial Value Problems: a Didactic Tool in Evolution
Authors: Caligaris Marta G. , Rodríguez Georgina B. , Laugero Lorena F.
Published: December 2023

Various science and engineering problems, generally time-dependent, are modeled with ordinary differential equations with conditions at the same value of the independent variable, called initial value problems. The use of technological resources during the learning process allows students to execute routine procedures quickly and simply, enabling them to have more time to discuss concepts. The use of these resources helps to generate a learning environment where, through the use of certain mathematical skills, students can achieve meaningful and comprehensive learning. The aim of this work is to show an update of a self-designed tool to approximate the solution of initial value problems that allows comparisons between some one-step methods and multi-step methods and the analysis of the numerical solutions obtained when varying certain parameters. The update of the tool arises to satisfy different requirements discovered after the use of the previous tool.
Motivation for Fruitful Physics Learning
Authors: Yehya Fouad Mounier
Published: December 2023

This research paper attempts to highlight the effect of motivation in the process of learning physics. For that purpose, some factors that affect motivation are described, using as a starting point the answers obtained from a questionnaire given to students in their secondary education. The study adopted the pragmatic paradigm. It was further enhanced as it relied on quantitative research methods to make a critical evaluation of learners’ motivation towards physics learning. Quantitative data was collected from a survey that was filled by learners at secondary school at Sharjah-UAE. The findings of the descriptive statistics show the major role of factors such as students’ interests and awareness towards the importance of physics, the interfere of physics in students’ daily habits and teachers’ professionalism in engaging students. Finally, recommendations for a teaching methodology are proposed with the intention of future development to be provided for fruitful physics learning.
PEMBUATAN TAHU SUSU MENGGUNAKAN KOAGULAN DARI BONGGOL NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) [MANUFACTURING MILK TOFU USING COAGULANTS FROM PINEAPPLE HUMPS (Ananas comosus L.)]
Authors: Pratama Ryan , Handayani Ratna
Published: December 2023

Bromelain enzyme is a protease enzyme that can coagulate casein in milk. The use of pineapple waste, namely pineapple humps, can be used as a coagulant in making milk tofu. This research aimed to determine the best bromelain enzymes from two types of pineapple humps based on protein content and enzyme activity, as well as to analyzed the effect of bromelain enzyme crude extract concentration as a coagulant in making tofu with different heating temperatures. In phase I of the research, crude extract of bromelain enzymes was isolated and analyzed by yield, protein content, and enzyme activity. In phase II, milk tofu was made using a crude enzyme extract concentration of 0.50%; 1,00%; and 1.50% with a clotting temperature of 60 oC and 80 oC which were then analyzed by yield, water content, fat content, ash content, protein content, color and texture. The results of phase I analysis showed that the best type of humps was Queen pineapple humps with protein content of 0.12 ± 0.007 µg/ml and activity of 76.27 ± 4.43 U/ml, subsequently the humps were used for phase II analysis. The best treatment from phase II research was a crude enzyme extract concentration of 1.0% and a clotting temperature of 80oC with a yield value of 24.27 ± 0.01%, a moisture content of 68.89 ± 3.30% and a protein content of 4.64 ± 0.008%. 

Bahasa Indonesia Abstract:

Enzim bromelin merupakan enzim protease yang dapat menggumpalkan kasein pada susu. Penggunaan limbah nanas yaitu bonggol nanas dapat digunakan sebagai koagulan dalam pembuatan tahu susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan ekstrak kasar enzim bromelin terbaik dari dua jenis bonggol nanas berdasarkan kadar protein dan aktivitas enzimnya, serta untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak kasar enzim bromelin sebagai koagulan dalam pembuatan tahu dengan suhu pemanasan yang berbeda. Pada penelitian tahap I dilakukan ekstrak kasar enzim bromelin diisolasi dan dianalisis secara rendemen, kadar protein, dan aktivitas enzim. Pada tahap II dilakukan pembuatan tahu susu menggunakan konsentrasi ekstrak kasar enzim 0,50%; 1,00%; dan 1,50% dengan suhu penggumpalan 60 oC dan 80 oC yang selanjutnya dianalisis secara rendemen, kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar abu, kadar protein, warna dan tekstur. Hasil analisis tahap I menunjukkan bahwa jenis bonggol terbaik adalah bonggol nanas Queen dengan kadar protein 0,12 ± 0,007 µg/ml dan aktivitas 76,27 ± 4,43 U/ml, selanjutnya bonggol tersebut digunakan untuk analisis tahap II. Perlakuan terbaik dari penelitian tahap II adalah konsentrasi enzim 1,0% dengan suhu penggumpalan 80 oC dengan nilai rendemen 24,27 ± 0,01%, nilai kadar air 68,89 ± 3,30% dan nilai kadar protein 4,65 ± 0,008%.
ITARD e o "Selvagem de Aveyron”
Authors: Lancillotti Samira Saad Pulchério
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo traz a análise da experiência pioneira na educação de pessoas com deficiência intelectual. Toma por referência o trabalho de Jean Marc-Gaspard Itard (1774-1838), médico francês, que educou um “jovem selvagem”, de nome Victor, capturado em 1800 nas cercanias da Floresta de La Caune. Itard trabalhou no Instituto Nacional dos Surdos-Mudos, em Paris, e publicou o primeiro relatório sobre a educação do menino em 1801, sob o título "Da educação de um homem selvagem ou dos primeiros desenvolvimentos físicos do jovem Selvagem do Aveyron". No referido relatório, Itard descreveu suas ações e os resultados alcançados na educação de Victor ao longo dos primeiros nove meses de atividade. A análise toma por referência a categoria teórica "organização do trabalho didático" (OTD), desenvolvida por Alves, para compreender as práticas educativas aplicadas a pessoas com deficiência intelectual. O estudo evidencia que, enquanto a educação comum se consolidou de conformidade com a proposta de Jan Amós Comenius (1592-1670), por meio do ensino coletivo e uso de manuais didáticos, a educação de crianças com deficiência intelectual, desde seus primórdios, adotou a proposta do ensino individualizado. Essa abordagem continuou a ser desenvolvida ao longo do século XX e acabou se estabelecendo como referência no campo da educação especial, particularmente para crianças com deficiências cognitivas mais graves. A análise destaca a importância de compreender a historicidade das práticas educativas voltadas às pessoas com deficiência intelectual, o que permite apreender os desafios postos à educação desse alunado e avançar, no sentido de assegurar-lhes acesso ao conhecimento científico, artístico e filosófico junto dos demais estudantes.
Perceptions regarding the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with severe trauma in Korea: a survey of trauma specialists
Authors: Lee Shin Ae , Joo Yeon Jin , Chang Ye Rim
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Patients with multiple trauma necessitate assistance from a wide range of departments and professions for their successful reintegration into society. Historically, the primary focus of trauma treatment in Korea has been on reducing mortality rates. This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the current state of multidisciplinary treatment for patients with severe trauma in Korea. Based on the insights of trauma specialists (i.e., medical professionals), we aim to suggest potential improvements.Methods: An online questionnaire was conducted among 871 surgical specialists who were members of the Korean Society of Traumatology. The questionnaire covered participant demographics, current multidisciplinary practices, perceived challenges in collaboration with rehabilitation, psychiatry, and anesthesiology departments, and the perceived necessity for multidisciplinary treatment.Results: Out of the 41 hospitals with which participants were affiliated, only nine conducted multidisciplinary meetings or rounds with nonsurgical departments. The process of transferring patients to rehabilitation facilities was not widespread, and delays in these transfers were frequently observed. Financial constraints were identified by the respondents as a significant barrier to multidisciplinary collaboration. Despite these hurdles, the majority of respondents acknowledged the importance of multidisciplinary treatment, especially in relation to rehabilitation, psychiatry, and anesthesiology involvement.Conclusions: This survey showed that medical staff specializing in trauma care perceive several issues stemming from the absence of a multidisciplinary system for patient-centered care in Korea. There is a need to develop an effective multidisciplinary treatment system to facilitate the recovery of trauma patients.
BİR OSMANLI KENTİNDE MAHREMİYETİN SINIRLARINI ARAMAK: ANKARA’DA MAHALLE, SOKAK VE EVLER ÜZERİNDEN BİR MAHREMİYET OKUMASI
Authors: ŞİMŞEK M. Bedreddin
Published: December 2023

Bu makale, Ankara kentindeki üç mekânı incelemektedir: mahalle, sokak ve ev. Bu mekânlarda kent sakinlerinin mahremiyet algısını tartışmak için Lale Devri’ne ait şer‘iyye sicillerinden yararlanılmıştır. Mahallenin bir parçası olan sokak ve evlerin kendine ait sınırları olup her birinin mahremiyet anlayışının farklı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Buna göre mahalleler, mahremiyetin ilk katmanını oluşturmakta ve mahremiyetin sınırlarını ihlal eden kişilerin mahalleden uzaklaştırılmasına yönelik ortak bir karar alınmasına neden olmaktadır. Mahalle ile ev arasında bir bağlantı görevi gören sokaklar, orta katmanı oluşturur ve mahallelere kıyasla daha katı bir mahremiyet anlayışına sahiptir. Evler ise mahremiyetin çekirdeğini oluşturur ve mutlak bir mahremiyet anlayışıyla korunur. Bu yapıların etrafı, duvarlarla çevrilmiş ve her şeyden önce kadınların bulunduğu kısımlar, gözlerden uzak tutulmaya çalışılmıştır. Böylece makale, mahremiyetin mekânsal olarak mahalleden eve doğru kademeli bir şekilde daraldığını ortaya koymakta ve insanların farklı mekânlardaki mahremiyet ihlallerine verdikleri tepkilere ışık tutmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Ankara’nın kent tarihine ve Osmanlı mahremiyet araştırmalarına katkıda bulunmaktır.
Regulation of the Financial System in the Republic of Congo
Authors: Issie Franchel Mbon
Published: December 2023

After the 2008 subprime crisis, financial institutions in the Congo (Brazzaville) underwent a series of significant adjustments and reforms in line with their regulatory traditions of systemically important financial institutions, the evolution of the regulatory system, and the country’s financial development needs. This paper needs to analyze and study financial regulation in the Republic of Congo. This paper mainly analyzes the current situation of the financial regulatory system of the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville), finds the problems in the financial regulatory system, collects accessible financial data and financial indicators, and constructs the financial regulatory system of the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) with principal component analysis. This paper uses the GARCH-CoVaR model to assess the contribution of banks’ systemic risk in Congo Brazzaville. Then, it constructs a risk assessment system for Congo based on the indicator method. The results show that banks’ systemic risk is not limited to the systemic risk of individual banks. The systemic risk of banks in the Republic of Congo mainly originates from six major banks: the Central Bank of the State of Congo, the Bank of Congo, the Bank of Commerce and Credit of Congo, the Savings Bank of Congo, the Central Bank for the Development of Central African States, the Central Bank of Africa, and the Central Bank of Africa.
Urgent need for planetary health education for healthcare professionals and students in India
Authors: Pattnaik Anandita , Vaz Manjulika
Published: December 2023

The current climate crisis has had a significant negative impact on human health across the globe including India. Climate change is leading to global heating, rising sea levels and more severe extreme weather events such as floods, cyclones and droughts. These events have direct and indirect detrimental impacts on human health such as increased risk of water-related illnesses, vector-borne diseases, malnutrition due to food insecurity and pollution-related poor health. These effects are disproportionately borne by vulnerable communities, primarily low socioeconomic groups, women, children, and the elderly. Health professionals need to be upskilled to anticipate, diagnose and manage climate-related health issues and respond to environmental emergencies. The emerging transdisciplinary field of planetary health is based on the principle of protecting the planet to protect the health of humans. The authors argue that it is an ethical imperative to include planetary health education in the curricula of medical and other health professions in a way that would help ensure both climate resilience and social justice.
Pandemic potential of henipaviruses
Authors: Wojtkiewicz Aleksandra , Szota Maciej , Kędziora–Kornatowska Kornelia
Published: December 2023

Introduction and purpose. Hendra and Nipah are two highly dangerous zoonotic viruses belonging to the group of henipaviruses. Although they have been known for more than 20 years, no human drug or vaccine has been invented for them. The aim of this paper is to describe the epidemiology of the reported paramyxoviruses, the pandemic potential of henipaviruses and a standardised action plan to counter their spread. This paper is a review of scientific articles from 2012-2023 published in the scientific databases such as Pubmed, Researchgate and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used: pandemic potential of henipaviruses, Hendra virus, Nipah virus, henipavirus epidemics.
Description of the state of knowledge. The mortality rate of henipaviruses varies between 50-100%. The Nipah virus is particularly dangerous, with epidemics recurring virtually every year in Asia since 1998. The Hendra virus situation is more manageable because there is an effective vaccine for horses, which are most vulnerable to infection. Through anthropogenic changes, the terrain and climate where the animals that are the reservoir of the virus are found are changing. Due to the numerous outbreaks of henipaviruses in areas of Asia and Australia, great care is being taken to quickly neutralise the outbreaks that occur.
Conclusions. Due to the high pandemic threat from henipaviruses, more research into drugs and vaccines is required. It is also important to develop effective bio-assurance plans, introduce controls on their operation and educate the population on the issue. Reservoir animals, through anthropogenic changes in the environment, are changing habitats and feeding sites, making more and more territories vulnerable to the disease. New species of henipaviruses are emerging all the time, posing an epizootic challenge to public health, so a key action is to increase the amount of research into the epidemic development of the virus and to conduct it as widely as possible.
Variability, cycles, and trends of mean air temperature north of Colombia
Authors:   Universidad del Magdalena. Grupo de Investigación Suelo, Ambiente y Sociedad, Carrera 32 No. 22 - 08, Santa Marta D.T.C.H. - Colombia, Patricia Manrique-Cantillo Andrea , Morales-Acuña Enrique de Jesús ,   Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Centro Interdisciplinario para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Sinaloa, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Boulevar Juan de Dios Batíz Paredes 250, Colonia San Joachin, Guasave, Sinaloa, CP 81101, México, Linero-Cueto Jean Rogelio ,   Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad del Magdalena. Carrera 32 No 22 – 08 Santa Marta D.T.C.H. - Colombia
Published: December 2023

Climate variability is of global interest due to its socioeconomic and environmental effects on the world’s population. In Colombia, temperature changes affect food security, especially for the most vulnerable people in the Caribbean region. We analyzed monthly air temperature in northeastern Colombia (Cesar, La Guajira, and Magdalena departments). We reconstructed time series with missing data using nonlinear principal component analysis. Subsequently, temporal variability, associations with events of climatic variability, and temporal trends were evaluated. Periodicity analyses indicate the dominance of annual variability, although statistically significant associations with periods between 3 and 7 years show the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The Spearman correlation coefficient with N = 360 and 95% significance shows a better association with the Multivariate ENSO Index (rsp mean = 0.38) and the Southern Oscillation Index (rsp mean = –0.32). The multi-year monthly analysis shows positive trends, with maximum values between March (1.04 ºC month–1), and June (1.07 ºC month–1) in the valley of the Cesar department, and a minimum in March, at the northernmost La Guajira (0.2 ºC month–1).
In Constructive and Informal Mathematics, in Contradistinction to Any Empirical Science, there are Non-Trivially True Statements with the Predicate of the Current Knowledge in the Subject
Authors: Tyszka Apoloniusz
Published: December 2023

We assume that the current mathematical knowledge K is a finite set of statements from both formal and constructive mathematics, which is time-dependent and publicly available. Any theorem of any mathematician from past or present belongs to K. The set K exists only theoretically. Ignoring K and its subsets, sets exist formally in ZFC theory although their properties can be time-dependent (when they depend on K) or informal. In every branch of mathematics, the set of all knowable truths is the set of all theorems. This set exists independently of K. Algorithms always terminate. We explain the distinction between algorithms whose existence is provable in ZFC and constructively defined algorithms which are currently known. By using this distinction, we obtain non-trivial statements on decidable sets X⊆N that belong to constructive and informal mathematics and refer to the current mathematical knowledge on X. This and the next sentence justify the article title. For any empirical science, we can identify the current knowledge with that science because truths from the empirical sciences are not necessary truths but working models of truth about particular real phenomena.
Assessing Drought Frequency and Predictive Climate Analysis in two Biosphere Reserves of Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Dossou-Yovo Hubert O. , Osseni Abdel Aziz , Al-Robai Sami Asir , Hegbe Apollon D. M. T. , Sinsin Brice
Published: December 2023

Climate change is affecting the planet, compromising survival and altering forest ecosystems. Investigating climatic variations in all regions is important. The aim of this research was to assess such variations in the W and Pendjari Biosphere Reserves in Benin from 1985 to 2015 and predict climate up to 2045. Drought frequency was assessed by using the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and correlation was performed between climatic variables. Then a predictive analysis was computed. From 1985 to 2015, there was change in the climate with few severe dry and wet years while no extreme climatic condition was noticed. Most of the years showed nearly normal climatic conditions. The predicted climate indicates an absence of extreme conditions up to 2045 but an increase in the annual humidity is expected. A low decrease in annual mean temperature with high confidence is expected. Decision-makers can better organize adaptation programs and sensitize people in the reserves on their role in environmental conservation and mitigation of climate change using these outputs.
Evaluating the Causal Relationship of Levo-Carnitine and Risk of Schizophrenia: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Qiu Haoyuan , Zhong Zicheng , Wu Tianxing , Hu Haoran , Zhou Meijuan , Feng Zhijun
Published: December 2023

This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between Levo-carnitine (LC) and its derivatives and schizophrenia (SZ) using a Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Forward MR analysis was conducted using LC and its derivatives as exposure and SZ as the outcome. Candidate data were obtained from the openGWAS server. Instrumental variables (IVs) were identified as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely associated with exposure, and were harmonized with the outcome data after removing confounders and outliers. Hence, MR analysis was performed using inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary approach, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the reliability and robustness of the MR results. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was carried out using the same analytical procedures as the forward one. The MR results indicate a significant negative causal relationship between isovalery-LC and SZ (P < 0.05), but in no other groups (P>0.05). Additionally, the reverse MR analysis did not identify any causal relationship between SZ and LC related exposures (P>0.05). Sensitivity analyses, including pleiotropy and heterogeneity analysis, did not reveal any potential bias on the MR results (P>0.05). The results implied that elevated levels of isovalery-LC may potentially mitigate the risk of developing SZ, thereby highlighting the prospective therapeutic and preventive implications of isovalery-LC in the clinical management of SZ.Keywords: schizophrenia; levo-carnitine; carnitine; mendelian randomization
Estimation of Land Surface Temperature from CHINESE ZY1-02E IRS Data
Authors: Dou Xianhui , Li Kun , Zhang Qi , Ma Chenyang , Tang Hongzhao , Qian Yonggang , Chen Jun , Li Jinglun , Li Yichao , Wang Tao , Wang Feng , Yang Juntao , Liu Xining
Published: December 2023

The role of land surface temperature (LST) is of utmost importance in multiple academic disciplines such as climatology, hydrology, ecology, and meteorology. Until to now, many methods have been proposed to estimate LST from satellite thermal infrared data. The Thermal Infrared Sensor (IRS) on the Chinese ZY1-02E satellite is a pivotal instrument employed for gathering thermal infrared (TIR) data of land surfaces. The objective of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of a single-channel approach based on water vapor scaling (WVS) for deriving LST from ZY1-02E IRS data because of its wide spectrum range, i.e., 7~12μm, affected strongly by both atmospheric water vapor and ozone. Three study areas, namely Baotou, Heihe River Basin, and Yantai-sea sites, were selected as validation sites to evaluate the LST inversion accuracy. This evaluation was also conducted by cross-comparison between the retrieved LST and MODIS LST product. The results revealed that the WVS-based method exhibited an average bias of 0.63K and an RMSE of 1.62K compared to the in-situ LSTs. The WVS-based method demonstrated reasonable accuracy through cross-validation with the MODIS LST product, with an average bias of 0.77K and RMSE of 2.0K. These findings provide that the WVS-based method is effective to estimate LST from ZY1-02E IRS data.
Unlocking the Secrets of Exosomes: Neurobiological Signalling, Adult Neurogenesis, and Influence of Exosome in Progression of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kamath Krithik N , Bose Alin
Published: December 2023

Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, have emerged as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication, revolutionizing our comprehension of cellular interactions. Their diverse cargo, comprising proteins, nucleic acids, and bioactive molecules, plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes. In the intricate landscape of adult neurogenesis, exosomes wield significant influence, actively participating in the generation of new neurons within the adult mammalian brain. Originating predominantly from non-niche cells, these vesicles contribute substantially to the regulation of neuroinflammation, thereby impacting neurogenesis and offering therapeutic promise for neurological disorders. In the specific context of Parkinson's disease (PD), exosomes assume a multifaceted role, prominently implicated in the propagation of α-synuclein oligomers and the orchestration of neuroinflammation. Stem cell-derived exosomes present themselves as promising therapeutic agents, capable of reshaping the microenvironment, repairing neuronal damage, and mitigating apoptosis. The ongoing exploration of exosomes continues to unravel intricate biological processes, paving the way for innovative medical interventions and treatments, particularly within the challenging landscape of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. The comprehensive understanding of exosomal functions holds the potential to advance our therapeutic approaches, offering new avenues for intervention and treatment strategies in the realm of neurodegenerative disorders.
Effect of Blood-Derived Products on Senescence Associated Se-Cretory Phenotype in an Etoposide Induced Senescence Human Dermal Fibroblast Model
Authors: Kuehnel Harald , Pasztorek Markus , Kuten-Pella Olga , Kramer Karina , Bauer Christoph , Lacza Zsombor , Nehrer Stefen
Published: December 2023

Blood-derived products (BP) like citrate-platelet-rich plasma (CPRP) or hyperacute serum (HAS) are known to contain many growth factors. Combined mitogenic and DNA damaging stimuli might lead to increased senescent cell burden and altered senescence-associated secretory pheno-type (SASP). Therefore, the senescent state was extensively tested by γH2AX staining, p21 Q-PCR and western blot, growth curves and senescence associated ß-galactosidase staining. Two main treatments with BP were performed early (immediately after etoposide) and late (after addition-al 11days). Effects of the BP treatment was evaluated by IL-6 and IL-8 measurement as well as collagen (COL1) and p21 mRNA expression. Additionally, XTT assays, cell size measurements, viability assays, and cell number calculations were performed. HAS treated cells in early treat-ment had the lowest observed IL-6 and IL-8. In contrast, there was a clear inflammatory response for IL-8 on HAS and CPRP treated cells in late treatment. For COL1 expression an upregulation in early treatment could be shown, meanwhile cells in the late treatment group remained unaf-fected. In CPRP treated cells, the COL1 expression decreased. All in all, BP treatment seems to have slightly positive effects regarding skin rejuvenation.
Soil Forming Factors of High-Altitude Mountains Along the East-Africa Rift Valley: The Case of the Mount Guna Volcano, Ethiopia
Authors: Sisay Mekonnen Getahun , Tsegaye Enyew Adgo , Tolossa Alemayehu Regassa , Nyssen Jan , Frankl Amaury , Van Ranst Eric , Dondeyne Stefaan
Published: December 2023

The soils of the high-altitude mountains along the East African Rift Valley are poorly understood. Understanding the potential of soils for agriculture, climate change mitigation, and environmental functioning necessitates an understanding of their relationship to soil-forming factors. Therefore, this study focuses on the volcanic soils of Mount Guna. Eighty-five soil profiles, between 3000 and 4120 m a.s.l., were described and sampled along seven topographic transects. The samples were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics using standard methods and classified according to WRB 2022. The clay mineralogy of six profiles was analyzed with X-ray diffraction. The first four-factor axes, which are related to elevation, parent material, climate, and land use were found by factor analysis, explaining more than 60% of the total variation. The clay portions are primarily composed of trioctahedral chlorite, trioctahedral mica (phlogopite or biotite), vermiculite, kaolinite, some quartz, some amorphous silicates (most likely pyroclastic glass), and minor feldspar. The presence of weatherable minerals (biotite, amphibole, feldspars, and so on) suggests that these soils have not been weathered extensively. The dominant Reference Soil Groups found in the study area are Andosols, Phaeozems, Leptosols, Regosols, Cambisols, Luvisols, and Vertisols. As a result, our findings suggest that altitudinal variation, climate, lithology, and their contributions to the variability of soil characteristics and development along the toposequence cannot be separated in this study; more similar studies in other high-elevation/altitude mountains are required. There have been no other studies of high-altitude mountains in East Africa where so many soil profiles have been examined.
Phenolic Compounds of Honey Enriched by Wild-growing Spring Flowers as a New Diet Ingredient
Authors: Czernicka Maria , Sowa-Borowiec Patrycja , Dudek Tomasz , Cichoński Jan , Puchalski Czesław , Chrzanowski Grzegorz
Published: December 2023

Is it possible that the addition of wild-growing flowers with anti-inflammatory applications can improve the antioxidant properties of rapeseed and multifloral honey? The study objective was a comparative analysis of two honey varieties enriched by flowers of six plant species, based on the content of the antioxidant capacity as well as total flavonoids and phenolic content. Experiments demonstrated that at each level of enrichment there was an improvement in antioxidant properties compared to honey of both varieties without additives, especially in the case of dried flowers. Primula veris L. and Pulmonaria officinalis L. improved the antioxidant properties and phenolic content most effectively in honey at all levels of enrichment. Rapeseed-type honey produces a better matrix for the incorporation of natural plant metabolites into honey. The content of biologically active substances in honey enriched with flowers gives hope for new applications of health-promoting substances contained in wild plants.
Exploring the Impact of Ambient and Character Sounds on Player Experience in Video Games
Authors: Haehn Luise , Schlittmeier Sabine J. , Böffel Christian
Published: December 2023

Elaborate sound design, including background music, ambient sounds (sounds describing the game world), and character sounds (sounds generated by the character’s actions), plays a pivotal role in modern videogames. However, the influence of these different types of sound on the player experience has not been extensively researched. This study examines the influence of these sound types on immersion, avatar identification, fun and perceived competence. In two experiments, participants played League of Legends in four different sound conditions. The first experiment revealed a non-significant trend in the effect of character sound on avatar identification. Ambient sounds, however, were limited in this experiment because the task restricted participants’ movement across the game map. Consequently, we adapted the task to allow for a wider variety of ambient sounds in the second experiment. Here, a significant impact of character sounds on immersion, avatar identification, and fun, was observed, as well as an interaction effect of character sounds and ambient sounds on fun. Furthermore, we observed a trend, though not statistically significant, suggesting that ambient sounds may influence the player’s sense of flow. These findings underline the distinct effects of different sound types and we discuss implications for the design of sound in video games.
Idiopathic Toe Walking: What’s New? An Integrative Review
Authors: Santos Letícia D’Ordaz Lhano , Generoso Talissa Oliveira , De Angeli Luiz Renato Agrizzi , Blumetti Francesco Camara , Barcelos Filipe Machado
Published: December 2023

Background: Idiopathic Toe Walking (ITW) is the persistence of a forefoot strike pattern at initial contact while walking beyond the age of three years, in the absence of other justifiable causes. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge on the subject and to highlight recent advancements in literature. Methods: We conducted an electronic search in the following databases up to June 2023: Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCO, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and PubMed. The PICO framework was employed to define search terms. Results: Despite considerable methodological heterogeneity among studies, we found a stronger inclination toward investigating etiological and prognostic factors. There is a trend for a higher prevalence in boys with a positive family history. Novel classifications have been proposed to improve differential diagnosis. Among conservative treatment options, there is stronger evidence for gait improvement with the use of serial casting followed by orthoses. Severe cases may benefit from surgical Zone III gastrocsoleus lengthening. Conclusion: Further studies with standardized methodologies are required to clarify questions about the etiology, classification, and treatment of this condition. Nonetheless, there is a higher level of evidence supporting conservative treatments with serial casting and orthoses, as well as gastrocsoleus Zone III surgical lengthening for severe cases in the second decade of life.
Origin and Clinical Impact of Early Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Contamination in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Sorrentino Martina , Capretti Giovanni , Nappo Gennaro , Gavazzi Francesca , Ridolfi Cristina , Pagnanelli Michele , Nebbia Martina , Morelli Paola , Zerbi Alessandro
Published: December 2023

Introduction
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) occur more frequently after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) compared to other abdominal surgeries, and infective complications are a leading cause of postoperative morbidity following PD. Pre-operative biliary stent (PBS) placement often leads to biliary contamination, which in turn plays a significant role in postoperative infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of MDR contamination on short-term postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing PD and to examine the relationship between MDR bacteria, PBS, and bile contamination.
Methods
This is a retrospective study based on a prospectively maintained database comprising 825 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) between January 2010 and December 2020 at our center. All procedures were conducted with a standardized resection by a dedicated group of surgeons in a specialized pancreatic surgery unit, and the patients were managed according to the same perioperative enhanced recovery protocol.

Results
MDR bacteria were present in 17.5% of bile cultures, exclusively within the stented group. In our multivariate analysis, the development of a major postoperative complication (MPC) was correlated with the presence of MDR bacteria in the bile (OR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.1-2.52; p = 0.02). MDR bacteria were detected early in the surgical drainage in 144 out of 825 patients (12.1%), with 72.2% having a previous biliary stent placement and 27.8% without stents (p < 0.001). In our multivariate analysis, the development of an MPC was associated with the presence of MDR bacteria in the drainage (OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.21-2.73, p= 0.0042).
Conclusions
We demonstrated that MDR contamination worsens the short-term outcomes of patients undergoing PD. Specifically, when MDR bacteria are present in both the bile and drainage, there is a statistically significant increase in the incidence of major postoperative complications (MPC). Our data suggest that the majority of MDR surgical site infections stem from biliary contamination resulting from the placement of a pre-operative biliary stent (PBS).
Research on Algorithm for Authenticating the Authenticity of Calligraphy Works based on Improved EfficientNet Network
Authors: Wang Weijun , Jiang Xuyao , Yuan Hai , Chen Jinyuan , Wang Xintong , Huang Zucheng
Published: December 2023

Calligraphy works have high artistic value, but there is a rampant problem of forgery. Indeed, authentication of traditional calligraphy heavily relies on calligraphers' subjective judgment. Therefore, spurred by the recent development of neural networks, this paper proposes a method for authenticating calligraphy works based on an improved EfficientNet network. Specifically, the developed method utilizes the character box algorithm and the centroid algorithm to extract individual calligraphy characters, which are then augmented and used as the training set for the model. The training process employs CBAM and Self-Attention modules to enhance the attention mechanism of the EfficientNet network. The model is tested on authentic works, imitated works, and works from other calligraphers and is compared with other networks. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively achieves the authentication of calligraphy works, and the improved CBAM-EfficientNet network and SA-EfficientNet network achieve better authentication performance.
A Synthetic Pathway for the Production of Benzylsuccinate in Escherichia coli
Authors: Mock Johanna , Schühle Karola , Linne Uwe , Mock Marco , Heider Johann
Published: December 2023

Benzylsuccinate is generated in anaerobic toluene degradation by radical addition of toluene to fumarate and further degraded to benzoyl-CoA by a beta-oxidation pathway. Using metabolic modules for benzoate transport and activation to benzoyl-CoA and the enzymes of benzylsuccinate beta-oxidation, we established an artificial pathway for benzylsuccinate production in Escherichia coli, which is based of its degradation pathway running in reverse. Benzoate is supplied to the medium, but needs to be converted to benzoyl-CoA by an uptake transporter and a benzoate-CoA ligase or CoA-transferase. In contrast, the second substrate succinate is endogenously produced from glucose under anaerobic conditions, and the constructed pathway includes a succinyl-CoA:benzylsuccinate CoA-transferase that activates it to the CoA-thioester. We present first evidence for the feasibility of this pathway and explore product yields under different growth conditions. Compared to aerobic cultures, the product yield increased more than 1000-fold in anaerobic glucose-fermenting cultures and showed further improvement under fumarate-respiring conditions. An important bottleneck to overcome appears to be product excretion, based on much higher recorded intracellular concentrations of benzylsuccinate, compared to those excreted. While no export system is known for benzylsuccinate, we observed an increased product yield after adding an unspecific mechanosensitive channel to the constructed pathway.