bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Models of Innovation Development: Measurement Indicators and their Interaction (a Case Study of Kazakhstan)
Authors: BISHIMBAYEVA Saule Kozykeyevna , NURASHEVA Kulyanda Kulbosynovna , NURMUKHANBETOVA Aigul Adilzhanovna
Published: September 2018

The goal of the study is to demonstrate that the Triple Helix model neither sufficiently reflects the process of innovation development nor justifies the fourth helix, the indicators of which describe the real situation in the social and economic area of the country and are an important element of the innovation ecosystem. The study uses empirical methods: observation, measurement, description of facts; logical inferences; sampling of the required information, its grouping; system and statistical analysis; and comparison of the indicators under study. The analysis of the existing models of innovation development and their applicability in Kazakhstan practice has been carried out. Considering the Triple Helix concept of innovation development, a proposal is made to introduce a fourth player – the civil society, which ensures the influence and voice of the people and serves as a channel of communication with the authorities. The solution of the innovation problem presented in the article is of interest to the post-Soviet countries and emerging economies, where social issues and the welfare of citizens have not received sufficient attention, but the components of the Triple Helix (government, universities and business) do not work without their solution. The distinction of the study lies in the development of a model of the fourth helix of innovation development, which reflects the state of the civil society and socioeconomic processes in the country.
On Two Hypotheses in Economic Analysis of Stochastic Processes
Authors: ENDOVITSKY Dmitry Aleksandrovich , DAVNIS Valery Vladimirovich , KOROTKIKH Viacheslav Vladimirovich
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Development of the apparatus of the stochastic processes econometric modeling. Discussion: The authors identify risk component in the dynamics of stochastic processesin the economy. Theoretical justification of the alternative and proportional expectations is usedto make probabilistic nature of the risk. Results: The authors suggest stochastic process decomposition based on econometric approach to allocate a probability space of risks, and to identify shocks realizations that lie beyond the boundary of this space. Proportional expectations hypothesis distinguished two types of the event influence on the stochastic process realization: continuous (risk) and discrete (shock). The authors suggest model errors and residualsas the main source of information for the identification of the probability space of risks. The technique of econometric modeling of the price and return processes on stock market under theconditions of the proposed hypotheses is considered in the empirical part of the study. F-testresults have not disproved the statement that the model residuals provide additional information about the simulated rate in the case of lack of relevant factors.
The Characteristics of Non-Litigation Resolution for Life Insurance Lawsuit in Indonesia
Authors: HUDA Mokhamad Khoirul , HERNOKO Agus Yudha , KHAIRANDY Ridwan
Published: September 2018

This study analyzed the characteristics of non-litigation resolution for life insurance lawsuit in Indonesia. The result found that the non-litigation solution for life insurance lawsuit in Indonesia must be through Department of Mediation and Arbitration of Insurance (in Indonesia, known as BMAI). When the mediation -as the legal action from a costumer- was objected, the lawsuit would proceed to the adjudication. When the customer won on this adjudication level, the insurance company was then obligated to do some payment as mentioned on the insurance policy. Furthermore, when the legal action of a customer was objected, the customer was then free to do an arbitrage legal action. The arbitration was final and had fixed legal power. Thus, any appeal, cassation, or judicial review could not be held. The solution for life insurance lawsuit through BMAI has several characteristics such as quick in procedures, dynamic, innovative, cheap, and low budget. In addition, the dispute solution through BMAI is confidential, quick in time, and supported by some experts on related types of lawsuit, thus, it may result in fair judgment.
Modernization of Social Security System Legal Regulation in Kazakhstan: Experience and Standards of the OECD Members Implementation
Authors: MUKHAMADIYEVA Gulzhan N. , MUKALDYEVA Gulyiya , KARASHEVA Zhanar T. , KHAMZIN Amangeldy Sh. , BURIBAYEV Yermek A. , KHAMZINA Zhanna A.
Published: September 2018

The main idea of the study is to substantiate legislative proposals, recommendations on the introduction in Kazakhstan of the standards of social protection systems of OECD member countries. As a result of the research, conclusions were drawn up aimed at improving the norms of the current legislation and law enforcement practice, and on modernizing measures to implement social policy in the context of the process of the progressive development of Kazakhstan as a social state. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations, proposals focused on the further development of the legal framework of the social sphere in Kazakhstan as a perspective orientation of legal science and as the most important mechanism for implementing a number of constitutional human and citizen rights. The purpose of the study is limited to four main areas, namely the analysis of social protection systems of OECD countries in the event of the following social risks: disability, poverty, retirement age, and social security guarantees for the family and the child. The applied objective of the work is related to the justification and elaboration of a set of proposals to improve the current social legislation, proposals to increase the effectiveness of state social policy, to introduce the standards of OECD countries in the field of social protection into Kazakhstan's domestic law. Targeted users of the research results are the interested state bodies, the scientific community, students, undergraduates, doctoral students, a wide range of persons interested in the problems of legal provision of state social policy, social human rights.
Import Substitution in the Belgorod Region in the Context of Economic Security
Authors: STRYABKOVA Elena Anatolyevna , KULIK Anna Mikhailovna , GERASIMOVA Natalya Anatolyevna , DRUZHNIKOVA Elena Petrovna , KOGTEVA Anna Nikolaevna
Published: September 2018

Today the issue regarding the need for import substitution has become particularly relevant in consequence of the application of economic sanctions against Russia in 2014, as well as the subsequent decrease in prices of primary recourses, sharp depreciation of the Russian ruble against world currencies, the blocking of access to credits on international financial markets, and termination of technology transfer. This has led the Russian economy to such a situation, where the issue arose about the need of mobilizing internal resources to support the economy and prevent its collapse. The present article uses scientific methods and general scientific principles of dialectical development and systematic approach. The major results concern the estimation of the food basket in the Belgorod region, discussions on the current status of the regional import substitution system, an evaluation of the effectiveness of state regulation measures of the import substitution policy, the formation of priority guidelines of import substitution in the context of increasing economic security of the Belgorod region.
Comperative aspect of terms „image”, „recording” and „dissemination” in view of art. 23 of Civil Code and art. 81 of Act of 4 February 1994 on Copyright and Related Rights and art. 191a of the Criminal Code
Authors: Witczak Karolina
Published: September 2018

The terms „image”, „recording” and „dissemination” are presented in art. 191a of the Criminal Code. However, the source of these phrases derives from civil law, especially art. 23 of Civil Code and art. 81 of Act of 4 February 1994 on Copyright and Related Rights. The article author makes a comparison of these terms in view of different legal orders (criminal law order and civil law order). The purpose of such a comparative study is to show differences and similarities in the range of designatums of analyzed terms. Furthermore, this article indicates “the most effective” structure of analyzed expressions on the grounds of law in action.
Cross-sectional correlates of nesfatin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein in metabolic syndrome patients with and without prediabetes
Authors: Al-Qudah Safa’a Ali , Kasabri Violet , Saleh Mohammad Issa , Suyagh Maysa , AlAlawi Sundos , Yasin Nada
Published: September 2018

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prediabetes (preDM) have crosslinked pathophysiologies with central obesity and insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to compare and correlate nesfatin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) plasma levels, adiposity, atherogenicity and hematological indices between non-diabetic MetS, newly diagnosed drug naive pre-diabetic MetS patients vs. normoglycemic lean controls.

Materials and methods

In a cross-sectional study, 29 apparently healthy controls, 29 non-diabetic MetS subjects and 30 preDM-MetS patients were recruited.

Results

The LBP level (ng/mL) was substantially higher in both MetS (non- and pre-diabetic) groups compared to healthy controls. In contrast, circulating level of nesfatin (pg/mL) was lower, though not significantly; in both pre-diabetic and non-diabetic MetS patients compared to lean normoglycemic controls. No correlation was found between nesfatin and LBP in MetS pool (n = 59). Remarkably unlike blood indices; adiposity indices [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height (WHtR) ratio, hip circumference (HC), body adiposity index (BAI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP) but not conicity index (CI)], atherogenicity indices [(atherogenicity index of plasma (AIP = Log10(TG/HDL-C ratio)), low density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C)] were substantially higher in both MetS (non- and pre-diabetic) groups vs. those of controls. Exceptionally pronounced and proportional nesfatin-DBP and LBP-BAI correlations were identified in total MetS pool (both non-diabetic and pre-diabetic).

Conclusions

Nesfatin and LBP can be potential targets and surrogate biomarkers to use as putative prognostic/predictive tools for the prevention and treatment for MetS and related disorders.
High incidence of concussion, but low knowledge levels among young adults
Authors: Chow Ronald , Hollenberg Drew , Ng Wesley , Pinto Dixon
Published: September 2018

Cerebral concussion is a brain injury, that involves a complex pathophysiological process that affects the brain as a result of biomechanical forces. With the increasing prevalence, it is important that the public is knowledgeable about concussion and its symptoms, so that they can bring attention to individuals with concussion symptoms soon after onset, for appropriate care. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledgeability of young adults. Secondary aims were to compare the knowledgeability of young adults of different age, of different countries of residence, of different sex, and of different perceived knowledge about concussions. An online survey was circulated to young adults in Canada, the US and the UK. The survey consisted of three components – a consent form, respondent demographics and eight questions to assess each respondent’s knowledgeability of concussions. The knowledgeability of each respondent was determined by the summation of the number of correct responses to the knowledge questions. A total of 307 respondents consented and completed the survey in its entirety. The mean knowledge score was 4.25 out of 8. None of the cohort analyses based on demographics – 19 years old and under vs. 20 years and older; North Americans vs. non-North Americans; females vs. males – suggested that one group was more knowledgeable than the other group. These results suggest that educational programs can be developed to increase awareness of concussions. As each cohort seems to have similar starting knowledge levels, it seems appropriate to develop a uniform program to first try to increase knowledgeability, and then produce specialised programs to raise knowledge of certain cohorts. However, prior to the establishment of programs, further studies should be conducted to verify the results disclosed herein.
What does social media have to do with health? A case study of Bangkok youths
Authors: Thianthai Chulanee
Published: September 2018

Objective

This qualitative research aims to understand how Bangkok youths perceive social media usage effects on their physical, psychological, social and spiritual health.

Methods

A total of 74 Bangkok youths, aged 15–24 years old, divided according to each age and gender group participated in in-depth interviews and mobile phone search observations. Health impact was categorized into the four health aspects through content analysis according to sociological perspectives.

Results

Bangkok youths view social media to have both positive and negative effects on their health. Increased awareness of negative results was shown with increased age. While younger youths use social media for entertainment, older youths also use social media for self-development. Interests and degree of sensitivity varied among the genders.

Conclusion

Effective health education can only be achieved through future youth-centered research on social media usage based on age, gender and cultural variations.
Leadership, Law and Development
Authors: Baxter Jamie
Published: September 2018

This article critically examines the role of political leadership in shaping and sustaining institutional reforms. While leadership has recently attracted a great deal of attention from other social scientists, law and development scholars have only begun to seriously consider the influence of leaders on institutions and development outcomes. The article explores the new mantra that “leadership matters” as cause for both careful optimism and renewed attention to some deeper anxieties about the future directions of law and development. On one side, emerging models of leadership provide important insights about how to change dysfunctional institutions and how to sustain those changes over the long run. A number of major studies published in the last few years have made some version of the claim that successful reforms inevitably require the dedicated leadership of one or more prominent individuals, positing good leaders as a necessary condition for institutional transitions. But the argument that good leadership itself determines good institutions also risks reproducing one of the most obstinate dilemmas in modern social theory: the contest between “structure” and “agency” as causal explanations of social change. If the new mantra that “leadership matters” represents a shift in focus away from the structure of law and politics and towards the influence of individual agents’ choices, actions, talents and beliefs, there is good reason to be sceptical about whether simply privileging agency over structure—or the inverse—has any greater chance of success than the many failed attempts to do just that in other fields of knowledge over the past several decades. Instead, the present moment could be a valuable opportunity to assess whether alternative and more integrative approaches to the longstanding structure-agency impasse in development law and policy are possible.
Meister Eckharts Abendmahlsverständnis
Authors: Kern Udo
Published: September 2018

Eckharts Abendmahlverständnis ist prägendes Summarium seines philosophisch-theologischen Denkens. Autor des Abendmahles ist der ganze Christus, auch der leidende. Das Sakrament signalisiert die Einheit der Kirche. Durch das Sakrament wird Leben zugeteilt. Im Sakrament wird Christus in affectu und in intellectu begriffen.
Mehr als nur reden
Authors: Thiel Christian , Götz Susanne
Published: September 2018

Der Beitrag beleuchtet das Erhebungsinstrument Familieninterview methodisch und methodologisch. Zu diesem Zweck werden Forschungserfahrungen einer getätigten Studie dargestellt, die anhand von empirischem Material auf Möglichkeiten, Besonderheiten und Herausforderungen aufmerksam machen und diese zugleich reflektieren. Thematisiert werden hier u.a. das gemeinsame Sprechen der Familie, ihre Interaktionen mit den InterviewerInnen, ihre im Interview geleistete narrative Identitätsarbeit sowie nonverbale Aspekte der Interviewsituation. Dabei kristallisiert sich heraus, dass Familieninterviews eine ganz spezielle Form von Gruppeninterviews darstellen, die bei Erhebung und Auswertung ein familiensoziologisches Grundverständnis der Besonderheiten und Komplexitäten des familialen Beziehungs- und Interaktionsgefüges erforderlich machen.
Allein oder gemeinsam?
Authors: Weißmann Marliese
Published: September 2018

Der Beitrag nimmt zwei methodische Zugänge in den Blick, die in der Forschung mit ALG-II-Beziehenden zum Einsatz kommen, aber bislang kaum verglichen wurden: das biographisch-narrative Interview und die Gruppendiskussion. Es handelt sich je um mündliche Interviewformen, jedoch unterscheiden sie sich hinsichtlich des Settings, möglicher Fragestellungen und Auswertungsperspektiven. Die Analyse empirischer Daten insbesondere von Personen, zu denen aus beiden Interviewformen Daten vorliegen, verdeutlicht, dass sich in den Gruppendiskussionen vor allem ausschlussbasierte Vergemeinschaftungsprozesse erfassen lassen; die Gruppe konstituiert sich stark über negative Abgrenzungen. Im biographisch-narrativen Interview hingegen zeigen sich eher Versuche, Autonomie zu behaupten oder sich als einzelne Person zu besondern. Zudem können Handlungsorientierungen im zeitlichen Verlauf und ihrer biographischen Einbettung sowie Begründung untersucht werden.
„Connecting with the Disconnected“
Authors: Fuchs Philipp , Gellermann Jan F. C. , Kutzner Stefan
Published: September 2018

Weil Menschen in prekären Lebenslagen wie insgesamt Angehörige randständiger Milieus für die Forschung nicht ohne Weiteres erreichbar sind, sind in diesem Bereich explorative Vorgehensweisen angezeigt, so dass hier vor allem qualitative Forschungsmethoden zur Anwendung kommen. Unabhängig von den Forschungsmethoden stellen sich im Kontakt mit Angehörigen dieser Personenkreise besondere Herausforderungen: Das betrifft die Feldzugänge, das Kontaktmanagement, die Interviewpraxis aber auch das Verhältnis der Forschenden zu ihren jeweiligen Interviewpartnern. Auch wenn immer wieder auf die hohe Bedeutung des Feldzugangs wie des Verhältnisses zu den Interviewpartnern hingewiesen wird, findet sich in der bestehenden Handbuchliteratur dazu relativ wenig. Damit korrespondiert, dass diese Probleme immer spezifisch und nicht durch Rückgriff auf standardisierte Verfahren angegangen werden müssen. Auf der Basis einer qualitativen Längsschnittuntersuchung zu sogenannten „entkoppelten Jugendlichen“ wird im Aufsatz dargestellt, wie diese Herausforderungen in den Phasen der Felderschließung und der Materialerhebung bewältigt wurden.
Optimization Based on Orthogonal Experiment Design and Numerical Simulation for Carburizing Quenching Process of Helical Gear
Authors: Miao Shan , Ju Dong-Ying , Chen Yong , Liu Yi-qi
Published: September 2018

Predictions of distortion and hardness after heat treatment by numerical simulation are very useful for determining the optimum condition and for controlling the distortion of machinery parts. In this article, the combination method of orthogonal experiment and numerical simulation is used to optimize the standard heat treatment condition by reducing the distortion after carburizing quenching. A helical gear made of carburizing steel 20MnCrS5 is simulated using three-dimensional coupled analysis that is based on thermo-mechanical theory. The good agreement between the experiment and simulation is verified by the comparison between the experimental data and the simulated data. Firstly, the influencing factors of distortion after carburizing quenching are investigated and discussed. Four influence factors of heat treatment are selected as follows: carburizing time, the cooling time before 860°C, the holding time at 860°C, and the gear orientation during quenching. Next, selection of the optimal case is then determined by comparing the distortions. Finally, a new optimization method of minimum distortion after carburizing quenching is provided.
EFEITO DA MEFLOQUINA NO COMPORTAMENTO REOLÓGICO DO SOLUPLUS® COMO UM CONHECIMENTO PRÉVIO PARA HOT MELT EXTRUSION
Authors: De Sales Daniel Lins , Marcomini André Luís , Beatrice Cesar Augusto Gonçalves , Franco Pedro Henrique Da Rocha , Dantas Fábio Moysés Lins , Da Rocha-Leão Maria Helena Miguez
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento reológico do excipiente farmacêutico Soluplus® em função da temperatura e a presença do insumo farmacêutico ativo, mefloquina, e o Span® 20, como surfactante e plastificante comumente usado na indústria farmacêutica, visando ao processo de hot melt extrusion. A Mefloquina é o principal fármaco antimalárico fornecido pelo governo brasileiro, entretanto é altamente lipofílico e possui baixa solubilidade. A dispersão sólida amorfa é considerada a melhor estratégia para aumentar a solubilidade e a taxa de dissolução de fármacos fracamente solúveis. Hot melt extrusion tem sido considerada uma poderosa ferramenta para obter dispersão sólida amorfa, uma vez que tal tecnologia é um processo farmacêutico continuo livre de solvente, e rápida. A temperatura de extrusão tem sido considerada um parâmetro chave. Comumente, tem sido dito que 20-40 ° C acima da temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) seria uma temperatura adequada para a extrusão, no entanto, esta estimativa não foi totalmente bem sucedida. Portanto, a reologia pode ser útil para identificar a temperatura ótima de processamento. Os gráficos de viscosidade complexa (σ *) versus temperatura (T) para polímero puro, polímero com 2,5%, 5,0% e 7,5% Span® 20 a foram feitos. Em seguida, uma mistura física de Mefloquina: matriz de polímero (1: 3) foi testada.
Modesta Again
Authors: Brock Richard
Published: September 2018

The story of Modesta Avila, the first convicted felon in Orange County, California, is both a popular California legend and a potent metaphor used by scholars to illustrate themes of social injustice, ethnic intolerance, railroad intransigence, the decline of the Californios, and the treatment of Hispanics following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Because of its frequent use as a metaphor to explain serious historical themes, the accuracy of the story is important; however, key elements are inaccurate and need revision. New research—into original land titles, Mexican land grants, genealogy, trial transcripts, applications for appeals to governors Markham and Waterman, the personal notes of the historian Jim Sleeper, and hundreds of contemporary news articles—results in a revised and compelling story that has even stronger metaphorical import for historians and others to deploy in their work.
Case Studies of the Effect of Loading and Unloading Cargo in Ship
Authors: Mishra Chandra Sekhar
Published: September 2018

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Investigating the complexity of consent forms in ESL research
Authors: Sterling Scott
Published: September 2018

Consent forms tell potential participants what to expect when joining a research project and are considered critical documents to the research process. However, there has been limited investigation into how to properly create a usable consent form for ESL learners. Most of our current knowledge on the topic comes from various governmental mandates, rules of thumb, or from fields outside of linguistics or TESOL research. This paper details an investigation looking into the practices of consent form writing in 40 published ESL-based dissertations. Findings show that the average consent form was around 2.38 pages long and written above the 11th grade level. Additionally, vocabulary from the forms included a large representation of infrequent words that might not be known by ESL participants. Consent forms written for ESL participants appear to be highly complex documents with their difficulty unlikely to provide truly informed consent. A troubling finding since these researchers could be considered experts in understanding ESL learner needs.
Berlin Dada and the Time of Revolution
Authors: McBride Patrizia C.
Published: September 2018

Despite its brief history, Berlin Dada (1918–20) produced a glut of chronicles and memoirs, as if to immortalize its ephemeral insurgency. Its self-appointed chronicler, Richard Huelsenbeck, tried to harness this compulsion to memorialize in the service of Dadaist agitation he hoped would unleash a revolutionary time and redeem the failure of the communist uprisings at the end of World War I. his seditious temporality was based on two incompatible concepts of revolution: a properly political notion aimed at overthrowing an unjust regime and a vitalist discourse aimed at tapping into the circular low of life. he clash of the two modes of revolutionary time is enacted in Hannah Höch's photomontage “Cut with the Kitchen Knife” (1919). he spectral temporality that sustains both is conjured by the Dada Almanac (1920), a literary compendium that doubles as a quirky inquiry into political normativity and an inluential paradigm of Dada's self-legitimation.
Immortality, Romanticism, and the Limit of the Liberal Imagination
Authors: Kantor Jamison
Published: September 2018

At Margaret hatcher's funeral, in 2013, attendees received a program with William Wordsworth's Immortality Ode printed on the back. This was unsurprising. he ode has always been popular with igures who champion liberal capitalist democracy as the most efective form of governance, one that delivers reform through incremental change and pragmatic policies rather than revolutionary idealism. Framed by the current unrest in Western civic life, this essay paints a darker picture of this reigning political order. Considering readings of the ode by John Stuart Mill, Cleanth Brooks, and Lionel Trilling, I suggest that the poem allowed liberal intellectuals to romanticize reformist politics. For these readers, Wordsworth reveals a core of sublime possibility within systems built on routinized order. However, idealizing a gradualist approach to reform allows progress to be pushed into the future indeinitely. Tracing the commitment to practical sublimity may reveal an emergent theory of liberal technocracy, in which citizens are compelled to operate under a vast, incomprehensible array of protocols that never quite deliver meaningful social change.
Behind the Seams: The “Colored Historian” of the White House and Her Parodists
Authors: Nelson Anna
Published: September 2018

The African American author Elizabeth Keckly has garnered signiicant attention in recent decades as a result of renewed interest in her memoir and exposé of the family of Abraham Lincoln, Behind the Scenes; or, hirty Years a Slave, and Four Years in the White House (1868). Meanwhile, the anonymous author who, writing as “Betsey Kickley,” viciously parodied her book in Behind the Seams; by a Nigger Woman Who Took in Work from Mrs. Lincoln and Mrs. Davis (1868) has remained an enigma. his essay identiies the mysterious author of Behind the Seams as Daniel Ottolengui, a Jewish newspaper correspondent and writer from Charleston, South Carolina. he parody was reprinted in 1945 by another pseudonymous author, identiied here as the Manhattan-based book dealer Charles P. Everitt. he contents and contexts of both editions of Behind the Seams illustrate the enduring inluence of Keckly's challenge to hegemonic narratives of American history.
Yes to the New Education, but What Kind?
Authors: Newfield Christopher
Published: September 2018

Cathy N. Davidson's core claim in thenew educationis fundamentally important: the university system in the united states is undermining itself with a factory-production model that wasn't great in the twentieth century and is dysfunctional in the twenty-first. Whenever they come under political fire, nonelite colleges and universities proclaim their eagerness to Taylorize student learning—make it more efficient with tighter process control— through the more rigorous application of output measures like cost per unit and time to degree. hey regulate learning with grades and bell curves, which we now know do not neutrally measure learning but systematically favor some types of students over other types. Even worse, they apply stock forms of evaluation that not only mismeasure learning but actively reduce it. Whatever money standardization saves in the short run is lost many times over in the long run through limited learning and reduced creativity in the millions of graduates cranked out by this restricted and outdated system.
The effect of weather on the severity of multi-vehicle crashes: a case study of Iran
Authors: Yazdani Mirbahador , Nassiri Habibollah
Published: September 2018

Traffic crashes are a social problem around the world and climate change is one of the major environmental factors that cause road crashes. The severity of multi-vehicle crashes under different weather conditions was investigated in this study. Crash data for three levels of crash severity (i.e. crashes involving property damage only (PDO), injury or fatality) from six highways in Iran were evaluated. Ordered logit models were selected for the analysis because of the ordinal nature of crash severity. The final model consists of seven independent variables: temperature below −7°C, temperature above 19°C, rainfall exceeding 5 mm/d, working day of the week, density (vehicles/km), roadside equipment and season of the year. These variables were found to have significant values at 0·95 confidence intervals. The model also showed that the probability of occurrence of a PDO crash is 77·5%, while the probability of occurrence of injury and fatal crashes are 18·9% and 3·6%, respectively.
Cold hardiness of peach flowers at different phenological stages
Authors: László Szalay , Imre Gergő Gyökös , Zsuzsanna Békefi
Published: September 2018

At the colder peach production regions it is important to know the cold hardiness of peach cultivars at different phenological stages of flowering. In our experiment, artificial freezing tests were conducted in a climate chamber in five selected years between the period of 2007 and 2016 to determine the freeze tolerance of generative organs of three peach cultivars (‘Venus’, ‘Redhaven’, ‘Piroska’) at different phenological stages of bloom. Based on the results of the laboratory freezing tests LT50 values were calculated. Our results showed that LT50 values of examined peach cultivars in swelled bud stage averaged over five years were between –6.8 and –11.2°C according to cultivar, and as phenological phases progressed, cold hardiness of generative organs decreased. At the end of bloom LT50 values varied between –1.7 and –4.1°C. Cultivar ‘Piroska’ had the highest freeze tolerance and cultivar ‘Venus’ showed the lowest in each year studied. This study shows that trees with delayed development are more prone to cold damage to flowers.
19. YÜZYIL SONLARINDA FERİKÖY’DE BULGAR RAHİPLER VE GÜRCÜ RAHİBELER ARASINDA BİLİNMEYEN BİR ARSA ANLAŞMAZLIĞI
Authors: Şenyurt Oya
Published: September 2018

Feriköy, 19. yüzyılın sonlarında İstanbul’un etnik köken ve dinsel
farklılığının çok fazla çeşitlilik gösterdiği bir semt olarak tanımlanabilir.
Bu dönemde Osmanlı tebaasından Rum ve Ermeni ile Avrupa ülkelerinden gelen yabancıların
semtte yaşadığı bilinmekle birlikte, Bulgar ve Gürcülerin varlığı daha az
dikkat çekmiştir. Feriköy ve Şişli civarında kamusal yapıları bulunan Ortodoks
Bulgarlar ve Katolik Gürcülerin, yönetime ilişkin bir karar sonucunda çatışma
içine girmeleri; semt ve kentin tarihine ilişkin bilinmeyen bazı ilginç olaylar
dizini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Feriköy’de Katolik Gürcü Kilisesi’nin bitişiğinde
yer alan ve bahçe olarak kullanılan bir arsanın okul yapılması amacıyla, Bulgar
cemaatine verilmesi hakkında alınan karar; söz konusu iki grubun birbirleriyle
zorlu bir mücadelenin içine girmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu makalede, Başbakanlık
Osmanlı Arşivi’nde yer alan bazı belgeler aracılığıyla, Bulgar Ruhban Okulu
inşa kararının kent mekânını kullanan kişiler arasında yarattığı çatışma süreci
ele alınmış, Ortodoks Bulgar ve Katolik Gürcülerin arasındaki anlaşmazlığın sonucu
genel olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
A Comparative Study of Scopus and Web of Science: Climate Related Literature Retrieval
Authors: Das Arijit , Mondal Sukanya
Published: September 2018

There are various databases to retrieve information; sometimes users find it difficult to select the material to be read. To make the right decision for selecting the appropriate database there are some important factors such as coverage, functionality etc. This paper compares two popular bibliographic databases - Web of Science and Scopus for their coverage and retrieval of Climate related literature. Four keywords were used to carry out the searches and the paper examines the weakness and strength of these two databases.
Efectividad de marketing. Una contribución desde la programación lineal
Authors: Hernández Ruíz Alma , Gómez García Luis Demetrio
Published: September 2018

It is a must-have matter for all companies to know their marketing efforts’ effectiveness level. The specializedliterature acknowledges several approaches with which organizational effectiveness can be discussed. Withregard to the specific case on marketing functions, it is essential that any measuring system implementedacknowledge at least three fundamental effectiveness dimensions that share an undissolvable interrelation:Finances, clients and competitiveness. On the other hand, while in search of marketing effectiveness,companies can make use of the mathematical tools that contribute with a more accurate approach in orderto reach the established goals.This study presents the design and validation of a linear programming model. applied to a commercialenterprise of convenience and shopping goods, which will maximize the business’ profits as well as satisfythe customers’ demands in a more effective fashion than the competition’s.
Medir el clima organizacional
Authors: Cardona A Diego Alonso , Buelvas Sergio
Published: September 2018

The organizational climate is a fundamental component of the productivity and development of organizationsand therefore companies have lately been becoming interested in studying this subject. The goal is to diagnosethe organizational climate in the Land Property Management department of the company “Autopistas delSol S.A” in Cartagena. The research was a case study of a descriptive type which systematically dissectsand interpret the features of this organization’s climate issue. Deemed as study variables are: Participation,leadership approach, satisfaction and communication.Gathering of the information takes place with survey type tools structured by the Likert measurement tableand in-depth interview with management plus direct observation. It is evident that the internal environmentor organizational climate being managed within the land department of the company “Autopistas del SolS.A” is a congenial one that in turn, however, shows a series of symptoms of dissent from some participantswith regard to certain issues.
Las empresas multinacionales y la ley de prácticas corruptas extranjeras
Authors: Jones, J.D Marcus D , Haile Semere
Published: September 2018

Multinational Corporations (MNC) play a major role in the world economy and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act has had a major impact on how MNC conducts business. The passage of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) by the U.S. government in 1977 was a watershed event in the fight against corruption in the postwar era (Cragg 2002).  In the wake of  the Watergate investigations, which revealed extensive bribery of foreign officials by American corporations, there was a  maelstrom of moral outrage  (Brown, 1998).  The same sort of moral outrage that was heard in the wake of ENRON and more  recently in the Halliburton investigation involving Nigerian contracts. The U.S. government is bringing an increasing number of cases under the banner of the (FCPA), which is intended to curtail bribery committed by both U.S. and foreign corporations. The increase is especially worrisome for companies looking to make international acquisitions, as they face the burden of  being saddled with any liabilities under FCPA committed by the company they are buying. It should also concern foreign companies in general, as the U.S. government has shown a willingness to investigate and bring actions against corporations whose presence in the U.S. is limited only to some representation in the capital markets-for instance, a local stock market  listing in the form of an American depositary receipt (Friedlander, 2005). The FCPA is just one example of how the U.S. government has sought to regulate the conduct of American MNCs in foreign countries (Borg, 2003).  U.S. firms seeking to  do business in foreign markets must be familiar with the FCPA. This paper will review the history and parts of the FCPA, its  effectiveness, and its current and future impact on American Multinational Corporations.
Derecho, diferencias y minorías étnicas en la constitución política de 1991
Authors: Carrillo de la Rosa Yezid
Published: September 2018

The first half of this research, along with the support of history and the various social and philosophicaltheories, attempted to reconstruct the way this contemporary world’s issue concerning the difference andminorities’ rights is perceived and interpreted. There are three thematic axes or tensions that serve as atheoretical and conceptual framework: globalization versus localization, modernity versus post modernity,and finally liberalism versus multiculturalism. The second half of this research focuses on exposing how thisdebate has influenced on the theory of law as well as the reception and development that such a problem hashad in Colombia’s regulatory and jurisprudential scope, especially that related to the indigenous minoritiesin Colombia.
Los medios de comunicación vinculados a las estrategias de resistencia y afirmación cultural de los pueblos indígenas. Caso Kankuama tv.
Authors: Morales Urueta Grace Angeline
Published: September 2018

The research conducted on indigenous communication and ethnic minorities’ media – through observation, systematization and studies on communicative experiences conducted by indigenous people or them being the target – show the social, political, economic and cultural aspects inherent to the so called ethnic minorities in Latin America. The Kankuama Tv research, a Communicative Resistance Initiative for the Recovery of the Kankuama people’s Identity, acts within a disciplinary outlook: the communicative one which values the implementation of the media and its importance in the resistance processes; likewise, it looks to generate theoretical contributions on Ethnic Minority Media which has been insufficiently discussed in Latin America. This research aims at interpreting the Kankuama TV process from the citizens and indigenous people’s media outlook as a strengthening strategy for the cultural recovery of theKankuama ethnic group in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. This study was conducted with the qualitative methodology and this research’s scheme corresponds to what Gundermann (2001) calls “unique case”. The research relies on ethnographic type techniques such as The Observation, The Interview, The Workshop as well as the implementation of techniques such as the documents and records Analysis
Introducción a la responsabilidad del estado colombiano por la acción de las fuerzas militares
Authors: Echeverría Acuña Mario Armando , Molina Barboza Emilio
Published: September 2018

The Constitution, the Law and the Jurisprudence of the State Council have established that the State through its Military Forces is materially responsible for the actions and omissions that cause illegal damages to victims who are not obliged to withstand. Article 90 of the Political Charter embodies this system under which the plaintiff has to demonstrate or prove that the authority in question acted with participation or omission in a way that caused him or her harm and that such behavior and harm are causally related. In view of this situation, the State could be exonerated from any liability only if blame is on the force majeure, the victim’s own action or a third party’s action without any chance to allege an unforeseeable circumstance or action with due care since in that type of responsibility, before the illegality of the administrative entity’s act, what matters most is the illegality of the damages.
Actos de corrupción como violación a los derechos humanos
Authors: Clavijo Castañeda Angélica Sofía
Published: September 2018

Even though corruption is an issue that has been studied for so long, there has been no possible way to eradicate it. As a form of strategy to fight corruption research and prevention work has been intensified in order to reduce future events. By identifying this phenomenon as a cause of human rights violation, it can be inferred as one of the main poverty and inequality generating factors around the world; for this reason, full participation of all society sectors is vital for strengthening the investigation measures, penalties and prevention of such a crime.
La gestión empresarial de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas del subsector metalmecánico de Cartagena en el período 2004-2010
Authors: González Díaz Jaime Eduardo , Álvarez Sampayo Álvaro Argemiro
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this article is to describe the features that characterize the management of micro, small and medium sized companies in the metal-mechanic sub-sector of Cartagena from 2004 to 2010. This paper points out administrative work aspects such as the planning, organizational structure of the surveyed companies, management and control. Finance areas are also exposed, highlighting aspects like budgetary accounting management, and financing among others. Likewise, marketing related aspects are addressed; these are pricing, product lines, advertising, etc. On the other hand, there is an assessment of the production department along with its elements, processes, technologies, quality management and others linked to this functional area. Finally, aspects linked to the human talent area are highlighted; they are personnel selection, recruitment, training, compensation and others in this area.
La contametría como técnica de medición de la ciencia contable
Authors: Ruiz Malbarez Mayra C , Santa María Kariel González
Published: September 2018

Requirements and analysis of accounting information are more complex every day, so there is the need for a scientific method of measurement in accounting; there is one recognized only by a small group of scholars in the accounting science; it is called “contametria” “contometry” “account metrics”. This article is the first of a series that attempts to illustrate the use of “contametria” within the accounting analysis.
Competencias comunicativas en los servidores turísticos de Cartagena
Authors: Barrios Vargas Carmiña , Manyoma Ledesma Enyel
Published: September 2018

Research findings presented here become part of an investigative macro project by the Fundacion Universitaria Colombo Internacional-UNICOLOMBO; it focuses on evaluating the current level of the tourism servers’ English communicative skills in the city of Cartagena as the fruits of an educational process that based on what is proposed by the Development Plan for the District of Cartagena emphasizes on bilingual education from pre-school up to middle-school as a response to the city’s tourist status and the development of educators’ work skills. From that perspective, the aim is to promote skills for mastering a second language (English) as well as the quality of this language teaching programs. The focus is on the fact that the students “learn what they need to learn, use it appropriately and benefit throughout their lives” in any type of contexts they perform in whether it is the tourist, cultural, social or educational field. That poses a challenge addressing the needs of the global context that recognizes Cartagena as a privileged tourist destination par excellence. The results of this research’s third stage respond to an assessment of the approaches, methods and theories that were implemented while teaching of English to the tour guides of the city of Cartagena to then formulate a proposal targeting the improvement or enhancement of a foreign language teaching learning processes in a context that was declared a World Heritage Site by Unesco.
Fundamentos filosófico científicos de la teoría neopatrimonialista de la contabilidad
Authors: Suárez Nieves Sergio Agustín
Published: September 2018

In order to analyze some of the research frontiers plus the countable universe, the purpose of this work is to evince the philosophical and scientific elements that constitute the base of the Neopatrimonialist theory of accounting and its methodological and scientific perspectives emphasizing on its philosophy and its scientific nature. The Neopatrimonialist theory states that Accounting is the science in charge of studyingthe patrimony of the social cells and how prosperity depends on its efficacy, plus it states that Accounting is responsible for the progress and stability of the nations. Neopatrimonialism presents a set of scientific approaches in order to help companies and institutions satisfy human needs and social balance. This approach will allow an insight on the theoretical fundamentals, axioms and theorems that compose its scientific statute, its epistemological, methodological and teleological background, in order to finally conclude with a theoretical-critical goal.
Atentados contra las publicaciones científicas
Authors: Pérez Capdevila Javier
Published: September 2018

Hereby, we present a paper of scientific critique that deals with those relevant aspects that threaten the goalof every single scientific journal, that is, the objective of communicating to the interested reader the resultsof the research performed by people or groups that are committed to generating scientific knowledge. Thisis not a thorough analysis, but of one that coherently selects those factors that stand out the most, based onobservation, analysis, synthesis, and opinions of the experts as essential methods used by the author in orderto expose in a rational manner the problems that affect, in a meaningful way, authors and scientific journals.
Obligaciones de los estados parte de la convención americana
Authors: González Serrano Andrés
Published: September 2018

The article addresses both the question of which are the obligations of the States that have been ratified by the American Convention on Human Rights and have granted jurisdiction to the Inter American Court, as well as the general objective of identifying the elements of each obligation. The results are obtained through the development of a basic, deductive and descriptive research.
Implicaciones de utilizar títulos valores en materia de arrendamiento de vivienda urbana
Authors: Jurado Ferrer Cristian David
Published: September 2018

While it is common the use of securities to support the obligations acquired by the lessee under an urban house lease contract, the truth is that it is more than unnecessary, inconvenient and injurious of the legal system. The regulation of urban housing lease prohibits the use of cash deposits or any real security to ensure the compliance to the obligations of the lessee, even through an intermediary or different document from the lease contract, including securities. Therefore, its utilization entails primarily an absolute nullity, not to mention inefficiency due to inexistence and a number of instructions that may turn into abuse. Despite being well-known, urban housing lease legislation situations are overlooked by judicial officials and lawyers involved, which is not consistent with law or justice.