bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive capabilities of the central nervous system in the modern information area: clinic-psychological aspect
Authors: Борсуков  , Borsukov A. , Осипова  , Osipova N.
Published: June 2015

The system of mental adaptation in changed conditions of the information space is undergoing some transformation, which can be confirmed by the steady increasing of border forms of mental disorders, behavior deviations, including an increasing of various forms of auto- and gete-roagressive, dependent behavior, the depression prevalence. The change of implications of the new information space influence in the childhood is especially noticeable, which led to the spread of such diagnoses as "Infantile Autism", "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder" The transforming of mental adaptation is a factor that complicates not only the difficulty of differential diagnosis of the clinical and psychological phenomena and psychopathology syndromes, but also the prediction of the consequences of such exclusion. Existing traditional approaches to the diagnosis of mental disorders led to a significant expansion of such headings as "Upset of adaptive reactions" ad-justment disorder F43.2 »,« Behavior disorders F91», emphasizes the lack of differentiation of ex-isting disorders, which may allow to judge about such manifestations not only as about painful. In addition, further study morphofunctional characteristics of the central nervous system is needed and it may reflect changed behavioral strategies. The urgency of the problem is caused not only by the finding of the adaptation transformation, but also the understanding of mechanisms of coping and overcoming the difficulties encountered in the modern information space. The study of the psycho-logical definition "barrier" allows on the one hand, to understand how to overcome the difficulties as developing and on the other hand as delay of developing. In this sense, the consideration of cop-ing strategies used by modern people allows to understand the formation of adaptation to the envi-ronment mechanisms. In our view, understanding and interpretation of the mental state of a young person, as well as methods of mental adaptation requires new approaches, in particular, TCS, which will generate dif-ferent approaches to the early diagnosis and correction with positions of personalized medicine and clinical psychology.
Trwoga 10/04 w świetle badań opinii publicznej
Authors: Ścigaj Paweł
Published: June 2015

The Fear of 10.04 in the Light of Opinion Polls

April 10th 2010 is undoubtedly one of the most important dates in modern Polish political history. 96 high Polish officials, including President Lech Kaczynski, died in an airplane crash in Smolensk. It can be assumed that this tragedy had a great impact on political attitudes. Unfortunately, very few authors in Poland conducted empirical research on this topic. The paper addressed the issue of probable psychological consequences of Smolensk Crash on political attitudes in the light of terror management theory. On this ground it can be said that arousing of mortality awareness after April 10th should result in a widespread feeling of terror. In other words, “threat of annihilation” should occur as a consequence of recalling those who died in Smolensk in the media. One of the major mechanisms to manage such anxiety is construction and maintenance of cultural worldviews, like ideologies. It leads to the hypothesis that when threatened, people are more likely to think and act in accordance with the cultural worldviews they share. Political leaders can be seen as guards of these cultural worldviews and if it is so, then trust and support for the politicians should increase when mortality salience occurs. Some of the public opinion research conducted in the first days after Smolensk crash are used to illustrate this hypothesis.
Making the Best of a Bad Job?
Authors: Reeves Christopher
Published: June 2015

In the period 1969‑1971, the Nixon administration had significant misgivings regarding the Eastern Policy (Ostpolitik) of the new West German government led by Willy Brandt. These mainly stemmed from a fear that it could create divisions within NATO and instability within the Federal Republic. Of particular concern was that Brandt had made ratification of the renunciation of force treaty he signed with the Soviet Union in August 1970 contingent upon a Four Power Berlin Agreement. Nixon and his national security adviser, Henry Kissinger, did not view the talks with any enthusiasm, believing that it would be extremely difficult to achieve a satisfactory agreement. Moreover, they feared that the Three Western Powers would be negotiating from a position of weakness. Accordingly, in 1969 and 1970 the White House did not view the Berlin negotiations as a priority. At the beginning of 1971, however, Kissinger and Nixon appeared to perform a volte‑face when they decided, using their secret backchannel with the Soviets, to actively work to bring the talks to a successful conclusion. It is argued that this change was partly prompted by their wider diplomatic strategy; in particular, Nixon’s desire to obtain a summit meeting in Moscow with his Soviet counterpart. It is also suggested that political calculations, especially the pressing need for a foreign policy success before the 1972 presidential election, played a significant role. Nixon and Kissinger established a secret set of tripartite discussions in Bonn that ultimately resulted in the successful conclusion of a Four Power Berlin Agreement. In doing so, they effectively negotiated behind the backs of two of their chief allies in Western Europe, Britain and France, and officials in their own State Department.
Hispanics in the American Political Theatre – Leading or Supporting Actors?
Authors: Bartnik Anna
Published: June 2015

This article presents the impact of Latinos’ on American politics. Hispanic community living in the United States has become an important part of its society. Numbers describing Latinos are impressive as well as alarming. Data released by the U.S. Census shows a constant growth of Spanish‑speaking population in the USA. Because of these numbers, questions asked about the political power of Hispanics seem legitimate. However, Latinos do not fully use their electoral power. Their voter turnout is, among other issues, the main reason of their limited political influence. On the other hand, Hispanic activists are trying to show members of different Latino subgroups that their future in America depends on their political participation. The following article discusses these issues and shows the long way that Latinos have to go to become a real political power in the United States.
Developing and validating a national education programme for healthcare assistants in Ireland: a collaborative project
Authors: Kyle Geraldine , McLoughlin Roisin , Browne Vivienne , Greene Cathriona
Published: June 2015

This article documents the process of a collaborative approach in developing and validating an education programme for healthcare assistants by a national group of nurse educators working in 18 Centres for Nursing and Midwifery Education (CNMEs) in the Republic of Ireland.

The article describes the stages of the collaborative process, including how the work was planned, managed and executed. A total of 27 modules were developed for validation; 8 modules are required for a Major Award at QQI/FET level 5, so there is scope for variance of optional content. The Major Award discussed in this article is the recognised qualification for healthcare assistants in Ireland and is the equivalent of the country's Leaving Certificate.

The key benefits and challenges of the collaborative project are discussed and the possible significance of this work, nationally and internationally, is briefly addressed. This article should be of interest to support workers and their educators as an example of accountable leadership and meaningful collaboration between all stakeholders when developing and planning education programmes.
Challenging stereotyping and misconceptions about international HCA education
Authors: Hayes Catherine
Published: June 2015

The healthcare workforce is estimated to be strategically underpinned by the contribution of a vast number of HCAs who provide front line care to patients and their families and carers. Published statistics reveal that migrant workers constitute a considerable percentage of the HCA workforce. Because of this, the need to support their capacity to provide effective and high-quality care is of paramount importance to workforce development. Alongside this, within the context of educational provision, is the need to promote the avoidance of stereotyping how people from certain international and cultural backgrounds learn. This avoids homogenising international students indiscriminately in the context of learning and teaching where the individuality they bring to healthcare provision is neither acknowledged nor valued.

The capacity for the vast majority of international students to develop professionally and personally is at present largely understated in the proposals to develop healthcare assistant education. By supporting international colleagues in their roles, their commitment and sense of belonging will increase, thus impacting on the capacity of the healthcare workforce to recruit and retain valuable people with valuable skills and the personal capacity to provide compassionate care. This paper provides an overview of the issues for consideration in supporting migrant healthcare workers and the benefits this can bring to the whole HCA workforce in practice.
La propiedad de la tierra en la Laguna de Villena
Authors: Gil Olcina Antonio
Published: June 2015

A occidente del gran afloramiento triásico que divide la llanada cuaternaria de Villenase encontraba una amplia cuenca artesiana, ocupada por extensos sectores lacustres, que seprolongaba por los términos de Caudete y Sax. Hacia el interior de esta cuenca cerrada viertenlos caudales subterráneos de una serie de estructuras mesozoicas con áreas de alimentaciónconsiderables. Los mantos acuíferos, retenidos por el Keuper, y las formaciones arcillosabulosasdel Cuaternario, revisten excepcional importancia.
Consolidación de dominios en las Pías Fundaciones del Cardenal Belluga (Bajo Segura)
Authors: Gil Olcina Antonio , Canales Martínez Gregorio
Published: June 2015

Se analiza en este artículo el desmoronamiento y desintegración de las Pías Fundaciones creadas por el Cardenal Belluga en el Bajo Segura durante la primera mitad del XVIII. Merced a su enorme influencia, el prelado obtuvo mediante cesiones diversas una superficie en torno a 40.000 tahúllas (4.472 ha.) de humedales y terrenos pantanosos, que fueron saneados y en su gran mayoría establecidos a censo enfitéutico. Una serie de valiosos estudios han analizado la vida y la obra de Belluga, pero apenas se había investigado el desmantelamiento por las disposiciones desamortizadoras de las Pías Fundaciones. Mermadas con motivo de la real orden de 25 de septiembre de 1798 y declarado en estado de venta el patrimonio subsistente por ley de 1 de mayo de 1855, la consolidación de dominios se efectuó, empero, al amparo de la poco conocida ley de 11 de marzo de 1859. A través de la Contaduría de Hipotecas se ha podido documentar el proceso de redención de censos por los enfiteutas. Objeto de consideración es asimismo la problemática planteada en el término de Dolores por la devolución a la Casa de Rafal, en cumplimiento de sentencia del Tribunal Supremo, de las tierras de Majada Vieja.
Mercado sanitario privado y territorio en Galicia. Neoliberalismo y nuevas pautas de comportamiento social
Authors: González Pérez Jesús M.
Published: June 2015

La crisis del Estado del Bienestar, los procesos de reforma del sistema sanitario público y la introducción de la práctica privada en el Servicio Nacional de Salud (SNS) se inscriben en el contexto del neoliberalismo posmoderno. La devaluación del sistema público y la progresiva aceptación social hacia la regulación sanitaria a través de las leyes del mercado explican, por un lado, el reforzamiento de la práctica sanitaria privada y, por otro, la extensión de un modelo de gestión y planificación dominado por las compañías de seguros médicos privados. El aumento en el número de primas y de su facturación en los últimos años son expresión de la confianza que el sector privado significa para las clases sociales más acomodadas del país. La distribución de las distintas tipologías hospitalarias (por finalidad asistencial y tamaño) en Galicia se superponen a la jerarquía (poblacional, económica y funcional) de la red urbana. El papel regulador del mercado impone una estrategia de distribución territorial marcada por la búsqueda de clientes de un determinado poder adquisitivo. No obstante, la potencialidad económica y la proyección del sector todavía se encuentran demasiado supeditadas a las políticas públicas, al establecimiento de conciertos con el Servicio Galego de Saúde.
Disrupting the subscription journals’ business model for the necessary large-scale transformation to open access
Authors: Schimmer Ralf , Karin Geschuhn Kai , Vogler Andreas
Published: June 2015

This paper makes the strong, fact-based case for a large-scale transformation of the current corpus of scientific subscription journals to an open access business model. The existing journals, with their well-tested functionalities, should be retained and developed to meet the demands of 21st-century research, while the underlying payment streams undergo a major restructuring. There is sufficient momentum for this decisive push toward open access publishing. The diverse existing initiatives must be coordinated so as to converge on this clear goal. The international nature of research implies that this transformation will be achieved on a truly global scale only through a consensus of the world’s most eminent research organizations. All the indications are that the money already invested in the research publishing system is sufficient to enable a transformation that will be sustainable for the future. There needs to be a shared understanding that the money currently locked in the journal subscription system must be withdrawn and re-purposed for open access publishing services. The current library acquisition budgets are the ultimate reservoir for enabling the transformation without financial or other risks. The goal is to preserve the established service levels provided by publishers that are still requested by researchers, while redefining and reorganizing the necessary payment streams. By disrupting the underlying business model, the viability of journal publishing can be preserved and put on a solid footing for the scholarly developments of the future.
A quem deve servir o conhecimento?
Authors: Oliveira Gislene Farias de
Published: June 2015

Tão importante quanto se obter o  conhecimento é saber inserir o mesmo na  prática cotidiana. O acesso ao conhecimento, por si só, não é garantia de sua efetiva aplicabilidade, mas pode representar uma contribuição muitíssimo significativa nesta direção. Mas, o  que fazer com toda a informações e todo o conhecimento disponibilizado? Acreditamos que caberá ao leitor mais motivado, a iniciativa deste desafio.
Assessing quality and functionality of DNA isolated from FFPE tissues through external quality assessment in tissue banks
Authors: Ahmad-Nejad Parviz , Duda Angelika , Sucker Antje , Werner Martin , Bronsert Peter , Stickeler Elmar , Reifenberger Guido , Malzkorn Bastian , Oberländer Martina , Habermann Jens K. , Bruch Hans-Peter , Linnebacher Michael , Schadendorf Dirk , Neumaier Michael
Published: June 2015

Biobanks are becoming increasingly important for assessment of disease risk as well as identification and validation of new diagnostic biomarkers and druggable targets. The validity of data obtained from biobanks is critically limited by the biomaterial quality of the biological samples. External quality assessment (EQA) programs suitable to comprehensively measure the biomaterial quality in archived materials are currently lacking. We report on quantitative assay designs for the analysis of both structural and functional integrity of DNAs that were applied in a first pilot EQA within the priority program on tumor tissue biobanking funded by the German Cancer Aid.

Participating biobanks isolated DNAs from a standardized set of 10 samples comprising sections of four different formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using their standard operating procedures. Isolated DNAs and analytical results were returned and analyzed centrally for nucleic acids yield, purity, fragmentation and amplificability at a quantitative level using dedicated assay designs.

The amount of extracted DNA varied in isolates ranging between 1.5 μg and 25.8 μg. Quantification of DNA fragmentation and amplificability allowed to highlight considerable discrepancies in DNA quality. Amplicons yielded from the isolates of these identical EQA samples ranged from 105 to 411 bp suggesting differences between residual inhibitors of downstream enzymatic reactions.

The quality of extraction of bioanalytes from biomaterial archives is heterogeneous even for stable biomolecules like DNA isolated with highly standardized methods. EQAs are appropriate tools to uncover strengths and weaknesses in biobanks in a systematic fashion. Biomaterial integrity is insufficiently reflected by standard methods, but needs to be assessed to improve biobank interoperability. Finally, our results also point towards the problem of measuring the quality of more delicate biomolecules like proteins or metabolites.
Metrology-based quality and process control in automated stem cell production
Authors: Schenk Friedrich W. , Kulik Michael , Schmitt Robert
Published: June 2015

We present a fully automated production platform for the generation,
cultivation and differentiation of induced pluripotent stem
cells. Cell culture, the process by which cells are grown outside of
their natural environment, is a highly individual process. It can only
be performed automatically by employing specialized metrology in
combination with adaptive process control. A main motivation for
automated versus manually assisted cell production is the increase in
throughput and quality. Therefore all devices in the production
platform have to be high-throughput capable and deliver reproducible
results. Especially by combining high-speed microscopy with
intelligent automation, a metrology-based quality and process control
could be realized which allows the production of iPS cells on an
industrial scale for the first time.
Time Series Analysis About The Relationship Between Foreign Trade and Exchange Rate in Turkish Economy
Authors: Kargi Bilal
Published: June 2015

In this study, the relationship between the foreign trade data and the exchange rate is tested using the monthly data for the period of 1992:01-2014:01 in Turkish Economy. The devaluation of local currency is expected to increase export while decreasing import rates, thus it will close the foreign trade deficit, theoretically. However, this effect is observed in varying degrees in the on both short and long terms. One of the most fundamental problems of the Turkish Economy is the foreign trade deficit, beside the Turkish Lira is a quite frequently fluctuating currency. The relationship between the foreign trade data and the exchange rate is an important topic to examine when the dependence of export to import is especially considered. In this study, the longterm relation between these two main variables and their causality are examined as using the time series analysis. Therefore, the tested hypothesis will be „there is a long term relationship between the exchange rate and the foreign trade in Turkish Economy“. It is was empirically observed that this hypothesis is correct as a result of the tests. It is also observed that there is Granger causality from the exchange rate to the exports, imports and net foreign trade in addition to the fact that the long term relationship exists between the foreign trade and the rate of exchange.
Mutual Separation of Uranium, Plutonium and Fission Products by Gradient Multistage Extraction
Authors: Ishimori Tomitaro , Akatsu Johkun
Published: June 2015

Uranium, plutonium and fission products are separated by means of a simple multistage extraction of 20% TBP-carbontetrachloride vs. nitric acid series. In order to enhance the mutual separation, the acidity of the aqueous portions is lowered stepwise. All fission products, plutonium and uranium are obtained in aqueous solutions in the sequence mentioned, leaving no active material in the organic solutions of the extractor. The plutonium fractions contain some fission products and a small amount of uranium. However, uranium is obtained with a fairly high purity. The same organic solutions can be used several times giving more or less the same separated products.
Strahlenchemische Veränderungen in Polymeren
Authors: Heusinger H. , Weber E.
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung Die Einwirkung ionisierender Strahlung, in diesem Falle Reaktorstrahlung, auf Phosphore, gelöst in

Polystyrol, wurde sowohl in Gegenwart von Luft als auch unter Ausschluß von Sauerstoff untersucht.
Die wesentlich größere Zerstörungsrate des Phosphors bei Bestrahlung in Gegenwart von Luft zeigt, daß
dem Sauerstoff eine wichtige Rolle bei der Phosphorzerstörung zukommt.
Bei Bestrahlung unter Luft treten zwei lineare Bereiche der Phosphorzerstörung auf. Sie werden dadurch
erklärt, daß im unteren Dosisbereich die Zahl der strahleninduzierten aktiven Zentren, im höheren
Dosisbereich dagegen die Sauerstoffdiffusion geschwindigkeitsbestimmend ist.
Das Polystyrol selbst erleidet durch die Bestrahlung unter den gegebenen Bedingungen keine UV.-spektroskopisch
nachweisbaren Veränderungen
Aktivierungsanalytische Bestimmung von Verunreinigungen in Aluminium
Authors: Kiesl W. , Bildstein H. , Hecht F.
Published: June 2015

Es wird eine selektive Extraktionsmethode für Kupfer beschrieben. Sie beruht darauf, daß Kupfer(I)- ionen mit 2,2'-Dichinolyl einen mit Amylalkohol extrahierbaren Komplex bilden. Mit Salpetersäure wird das Kupfer in die wässerige Phase rückextrahiert, mit α-Benzoinoxim gefällt und mit der 0,51-MeV-Peak (Vernichtungsstrahlung) gemessen. Das Dysprosium wird nach einer Kurzzeitbestrahlung zerstörungsfrei bestimmt. Ausgemessen wird der 91-keV-Peak.
Hot Atom Reactions in Organic Bromides
Authors: Mailinson J . H. , Miller G. E. , Shaw P. F. D.
Published: June 2015

The yields of parent bromide from neutron irradiation of bromoethane, 1:1 -dibromoethane and 1:1:2:2- tetrabromoethane have been measured as a function of either bromine or hydrogen bromide concentration. The results appear to be consistent with those predicted by the "billiard-ball" replacement mechanism.
Entwicklung einer Apparatur zur Durchführung schneller Flüssig-flüssig-Extraktionen
Authors: Koch L. , Münzel H. , Thoma H.
Published: June 2015

Es werden mehrere Ausführungsformen einer auch in heißen Zellen anwendbaren Apparatur beschrieben, welche zur schnellen Durchführung von Flüssig-flüssig-Extraktionen dient. Diskontinuierliche Extraktionen im Laboratoriumsmaßstab können damit in etwa 10-20 Sekunden durchgeführt werden. Die gewünschte abgetrennte Phase ist - besonders bei Verwendung der mit einem „Ventil" versehenen Modelle - völlig frei von der unerwünschten Phase. Die Apparatur kann auch zur kontinuierlichen Extraktion verwendet werden.
Retention and Annealing Reactions in Dichromates
Authors: Getoff N. , Maddock A. G.
Published: June 2015

A comparison of the thermal, radiation and ultra violet annealing of neutron irradiated potassium and ammonium dichromates is reported. Although substantial thermal annealing is possible in the ammonium salt the process is eventually limited by gross thermal decomposition. Ultra-violet irradiation of the neutron irradiated salts leads to a reduction in retention in the ammonium salt. This is explained in terms of a photochemical reaction between the CrO2
2+ fragment and the ammonium ions or their photolytic product.
Schutzeffekt in Styrol-Acrylnitril-Copolymeren bei der Einwirkung ionisierender Strahlung
Authors: Weber Ernst J. , Heusinger Helmut
Published: June 2015

Bei der Einwirkung ionisierender Strahlung auf Polystyrol, Polyacrylnitril und das Copolymere aus Styrol und Acrylnitril fanden wir, daß jedes der Polymeren linear mit der Dosis ansteigend ausschließlich Wasserstoff entwickelt. Bei Polyacrylnitril steht dies im Gegensatz zu Literaturangaben. Im Hinblick auf die Menge des aus dem Copolymeren entwickelten Wasserstoffs ist ein Schutzeffekt des Styrols auf Acrylnitril festzustellen, der bei kleinen Styrolgehalten (Molfraktion = 0,05) ein Maximum hat. Für diesen Schutzeffekt muß ein Energieübergang vom Acrylnitril auf das Styrol im Copolymeren verantwortlich sein. Er ist vom Aufbau des Copolymeren abhängig und besonders effektiv, wenn größere Sequenzen von Acrylnitril in der Copolymerkette vorliegen.
On the Szilard-Chalmers Recoil of 60Co and 60mCo in [Co(NH3)6] (NO3)3 and trans- [Co en2 (NO2)2] NO3
Authors: Gorla P. , Lazzarini E. , Sangiust V.
Published: June 2015

The possibility of different behaviours of 60Co and 60mCo in the Szilard-Chalmers recoil was investigated and proved in [Co(NH)3)6] (NO3)3 and trans
- [Co en2(NO2)2] NO3. It was found that the retentions of 60Co and 60mCo atoms in the original compounds, for irradiation time approaching zero, are different. Particularly the ratio of i0B,Co to eoCo retentions at zero irradiation time is 0.90 + 0.02 for [Co(NH3)5] . (NO3)3 and 1.26 + 0.04 for trans
- [Co en2(NO2)] NO3. The annealing kinetics of recoiled 60Co and 60mCo atoms under fast neutron and γ-ray irradiations at a temperature of 40 °C are also different.
Systems Thinking in Short-term Health Missions: A Conceptual Introduction and Consideration of Implications for Practice
Authors: Swanson Robert Chad , Thacker Brian J
Published: June 2015

A strong tradition of short-term health missions (STHMs) exists around the world. STHMs have positive and negative effects on local health systems, and these consequences are often unanticipated and unintended. Conceptualizing local health systems as complex adaptive systems (CASs) may help global health actors approach global health activities, including health missions with a greater appreciation for local cultural and environmental context, leading to increased local capacity and impact while minimizing unintended negative consequences. For some, this might entail a shift in practice as it relates to short-term humanitarian work. In this paper, we introduce readers to health as a complex adaptive system (CAS). We then consider implications for practice, including adopting a “learning health system approach,” that engages local stakeholders in an ongoing, iterative process of mutual learning and self-organization.
In-Situ Scanning Electron Microscope Observations of Strain-Confined Lithium Nucleation at Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces in All-Solid-State-Lithium Battery
Authors: Motoyama Munekazu , Ejiri Makoto , Iriyama Yasutoshi
Published: June 2015

We have studied electrochemical Li deposition/dissolution processes at amorphous solid electrolyte (LiPON) interfaces with 30-nm-thick-Cu-current collectors at different current densities by in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When the current density is smaller than 300 μA cm−2, Li islands continue to grow under a Cu film without coalescing with their neighbors. Consequently, they produce small cracks in the Cu film leading to isolated Li rod growth from the cracks. On the other hand, a current density of 1.0 mA cm−2 provokes the nucleation of Li islands with a higher number density. They rapidly coalesce under a Cu film in all lateral directions before cracking the Cu film. High current density conditions therefore suppress Li rod growths.
A Differential Scanning Calorimetric Study of Carbide Transition in 10Cr Tempered Martensitic Steels
Authors: Wang H.C.
Published: June 2015

The process and kinetics of carbide precipitation upon tempering of an Fe-10Cr-0.15C (wt.%) alloy fabricated from high-purity components has been studied. Differential scanning calorimetry reveals three exotherms in a temperature range of 100-700°C. Using advanced electron microscopy and Kissinger analysis, the exothermic processes have been interpreted. Cementite precipitated first upon tempering at temperatures as low as 200°C; M7C3 and M23C6 appear at higher temperatures, precipitating at approximately the same time but on different sites (M7C3 within grains and laths and M23C6 on grain and lath boundaries). Subsequently, the more stable M23C6 coarsens at the expense of M7C3, which dissolves. The first exotherm was interpreted as being related to the precipitation of cementite whilst the other two overlapping exotherms were interpreted as relating to the concurrent precipitation and coarsening of M7C3 and M23C6, respectively. In-situ SEM and TEM observation is being conducted in order to obtain a more precise understanding and further validate the interpretation of the DSC results.
Alpha-synuclein A53T mutation is not frequent on a sample of Brazilian Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Longo Gabriela S. , Pinhel Marcela A. S. , Gregório Michele L. , Oliveira Bruno A. P. , Quinhoneiro Driele C. G. , Tognola Waldir A. , Oliveira Fábio N. , Martins Denise Poltronieri , M. Cezario Sabrina , Sado Caroline L. , Nakazone Marcelo A. , Calastri Maria C. J. , Souza Dorotéia R. S.
Published: June 2015

Introduction The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) involves both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, with focus on the mutation in thealpha-synucleingene (SNCA).Objective To analyse the polymorphism SNCA-A53T in patients with familial PD (FPD) and sporadic PD (SPD).Method A total of 294 individuals were studied, regardless of sex and with mixed ethnicity. The study group with 154 patients with PD, and the control group included 140 individuals without PD. The genotyping ofSNCA-A53T was performed by PCR/RFLP. Significance level was p < 0.05.Results Among all patients, 37 (24%) had FPD and 117 (75.9%) had SPD. The absence ofSNCA-A53T mutation was observed in all individuals.Conclusion SPD is notably observed in patients. However, the SNCA-A53T mutation was absent in all individuals, which does not differ controls from patients. This fact should be confirmed in a Brazilian study case with a more numerous and older population.
Madeiras tropicais: análise econômica das principais espécies florestais exportadas
Authors: ANGELO Humberto , BRASIL Alexandre Anders , dos SANTOS Joaquim
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho trata do comportamento das exportações brasileiras de madeiras tropicais por espécie, no período de 1980-98. O desenvolvimento de modelos de tendência foi utilizado para estimar a taxa de crescimento e explicar o comportamento das exportações. As principais espécies tropicais exportadas nesse período foram, em ordem decrescente, mogno, jatobá, virola, cedro, angelim, ipê, andiroba, sucupira, tatajuba, cedrorana, assacu, cerejeira, pau-marfim, freijó e jacarandá. Apenas seis espécies representaram 40% do volume e do valor total exportado. As espécies classificadas como outras aumentaram suas exportações na década de 90. Espécies como mogno, virola, andiroba, sucupira e freijó apresentaram taxas decrescentes, ao passo que jatobá, cedro, ipê e cerejeira expandiram sua participação no mercado internacional de madeiras tropicais. O preço de todas as espécies mostra uma tendência positiva ao longo do período estudado e valores relativamente baixos, quando comparados ao preço do mogno.
Uma nova Sterculia L. (Sterculiaceae) para a Amazônia
Authors: da SILVA José Augusto Coelho , da SILVA Marlene Freitas
Published: June 2015

Descoberta na Reserva A. Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Sterculia duckei Taylor ex J. A. C. Silva et Μ. F. Silva, nov. sp., mostra afinidade com S. pruriens, diferindo dela, principalmente, por apresentar em suas flores pêlos estrelados e glândulas distribuídos desde o ápice até a base do cálice, pêlos glandulares ausentes. É registrada para os Estados do Amazonas e Pará.
Infecção de Conotrachelus humeropictus Fiedler (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) por Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sor. e Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. no solo
Authors: MENDES Antonio C. B. , MAGALHÃES Bonifácio P. , OHASHI Orlando S. , BASTOS Cleber N.
Published: June 2015

Foi avaliada a infecção de larvas de Conotrachelus humeropictus Fiedler, séria praga do cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.) e do cupuaçuzeiro (T. grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum.) na Amazônia brasileira, por Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sor. e Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida nos campos experimentais da Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira - CEPLAC, em Ouro Preto D'Oeste, Rondônia. Foram testadas suspensões de 3,93 χ 1010 conídios/ml de M. anisopliae e 4,26 χ 1010 conídios/ml de B. bassiana, pulverizadas superficialmente em solo contido em recipientes de PVC, onde em diferentes dias após a pulverização (um, três, sete e quatorze dias) liberou-se larvas do último ínstar da praga. Beauveria bassiana mostrou-se mais eficiente (52,0% de mortalidade) do que M. anisopliae (42,7%), evidenciando assim, seu maior potencial no controle da praga. Os índices de mortalidade foram estatisticamente iguais para larvas liberadas até o 7º dia da contaminação, decrescendo significativamente no 14º dia. A queda na efetividade pode estar associada à presença de microrganismos antagonistas no solo.
Tolerância de leguminosas de cobertura do solo a Herbicidas
Authors: SILVA José Ferreira da , BUENO Carlos Roberto
Published: June 2015

São poucas as pesquisas de tolerância de leguminosas de cobertura do solo a herbicidas visando selecionar produtos que sejam seletivos a estas plantas e que apresentem controle satisfatório das plantas daninhas. Com o objetivo avaliar a tolerância de quatro leguminosas a herbicidas, instalou-se um experimento em condições de casa-de-vegetação. As leguminosas foram plantadas em sacos plásticos de dois litros, contendo substrato homogeneizado com duas sementes das leguminosas Pueraria phaseoloides, Desmodium ovalifolium, Mucuna aterrima e Mucuna cochinchinensis. Os herbicidas aplicados foram 2,4-DB, em pós-emergência, e alachlor, imazaquin e pendimethalin em pré-emergência. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial de 4x4x5x4 com quatro espécies de leguminosas, quatro herbicidas e cinco doses de cada herbicida, respectivamente, repetidos quatro vezes. Aos trinta e seis dias após o plantio a Pueraria phaseoloides mostrou-se tolerante aos herbicidas alachlor e imazaquin e suscetível ao 2,4-DB e pendimethalin. O Desmodium ovalifolium foi suscetível aos herbicidas nas doses usadas, exceto o alachlor. A Mucuna aterrima apresentou tolerância ao alachlor, imazaquin e pendimethalin e foi suscetível ao 2,4-DB. Os herbicidas alachlor e imazaquin não foram fítotóxicos à Mucuna cochinchinensis, enquanto 2,4-DB e pendimethalin causaram severas injúrias.
The relationship between stem vessel parameters and the development of strata in the early stages of secondary forest succession in Amazonia
Authors: TSUCHIYA Akio , HIRABUKI Yoshihiko , NISHIZAWA Toshie , LISBOA Pedro Braga , SILVA Carlos Rosário da
Published: June 2015

In order to compare the development of strata in the early stages of secondary forest succession with vessel parameters of the tree species, a forest inventory was carried out in 4-year (Q1: 48 m2), 11-year (Q2: 400 m2) and 20-year (Q3: 400 m2) forests and vessel parameters were investigated from stem cross sections of 18 species obtained in Q2. Thirty three species (21 families), 77 species (35 families), 39 species (20 families) were found in Ql, Q2, Q3, respectively. The percentage of dead individuals, dead stems and the percentage of individuals with multiple stems increased with time after clear cutting. Also, the total D2H of Q3 was 26.1 times that of Q1, and the development of strata started in Q2 and Q3. The image analysis of vessel size, area and number of vessels revealed that species which reach the forest canopy had a large D2H value, vessel diameter and area, while species which remain near the forest floor had smaller ones. Poecilanthe effusa (Huber) Ducke is an example of the latter case, with a large number of individuals and abundant sprouting of new stems from stumps, but with high mortality.
Urbanization of Brazilian spotted fever in a municipality of the southeastern region: epidemiology and spatial distribution
Authors: Nasser Jeanette Trigo , Lana Rafael César , Silva Claudia Maria dos Santos , Lourenço Roberto Wagner , Silva Darllan Collins da Cunha e , Donalísio Maria Rita
Published: June 2015

INTRODUCTION: Brazilian spotted fever is an emerging zoonosis notified mainly in the Southeast of Brazil, especially due to its high level of lethality. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological and spatial pattern of the disease in the municipality of Valinhos (106,793 inhabitants), São Paulo, Southeastern region of Brazil, in the period between 2001 and 2012. METHODS: All laboratory-confirmed cases with likely site of infection in the city (n = 49) notified in the Brazilian Case Registry Database were studied. Sites were geocoded using the cartographic base of the city and Google Earth (geographic coordinates) with correction according to the Brazilian Geodetic System. We used the Kernel estimator to analyze the density of the cases on the map. Land cover and distance to basins of all cases were analyzed. Information about tick species and primary hosts were obtained from reports of the Superintendence of Control of Endemic Diseases. RESULTS: Seasonality of the disease was observed with the highest incidence from June to November, and in 2005 and 2011. The most affected groups were men (79.6%) aged 20-49 years old (49%). Lethality was found to be 42.9%. Maps showed the progressive registration of cases in the urban area. Capybaras were reported as the main primary host, and Amblyomma cajennense was identified in probable sites of infection during field investigation. The likely sites of infection were mostly located near basins, dirty pastures, and bordering woods. CONCLUSIONS: The transmission pattern of Brazilian spotted fever in Valinhos is similar to that in other cities in the region, where capybara is the main primary host and an amplifier of R. rickettsii. Over the years, a higher occurrence of cases has been identified in the urban area of the city.
A population-based cohort study of oral health in South Brazil: The Porto Alegre Study
Authors: Haas Alex Nogueira , Gaio Eduardo José , Wagner Marcius Comparsi , Rios Fernando Silva , Costa Ricardo dos Santos Araujo , Rösing Cassiano Kuchenbecker , Oppermann Rui Vicente , Albandar Jasim , Susin Cristiano
Published: June 2015

Few population-based cohort studies have been established in Dentistry and this is especially true for Latin America. We conducted a population-based prospective study focusing on oral health in Porto Alegre, south Brazil, and herein we describe its methodology and discuss directions for further research. The cohort was established in 2001 using a multistage probability sample of 1,465 toothed and 121 edentulous subjects. A 5-year follow-up was performed in 2006 that included 755 individuals. The main aim of this study was to determine the pattern and risk factors for periodontal disease progression and tooth loss incidence. A full-mouth protocol was used including periodontal assessments at six sites per tooth. Primary outcomes were periodontal attachment loss and tooth loss. Oral mucosal lesions, dental plaque, gingivitis, supragingival calculus, probing depths, gingival recession, and dental caries were also assessed. This is the first population-based cohort study to focus on periodontal disease in Latin America. Findings will contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology of periodontal disease and provide valuable data for the planning and implementation of preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Postpartum depression among women with unintended pregnancy
Authors: Brito Cynthia Nunes de Oliveira , Alves Sandra Valongueiro , Ludermir Ana Bernarda , Araújo Thália Velho Barreto de
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between unintended pregnancy and postpartum depression.METHODS This is a prospective cohort study conducted with 1,121 pregnant aged 18 to 49 years, who attended the prenatal program devised by the Brazilian Family Health Strategy, Recife, PE, Northeastern Brazil, between July 2005 and December 2006. We interviewed 1,121 women during pregnancy and 1,057 after childbirth. Unintended pregnancy was evaluated during the first interview and postpartum depression symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Screening Scale. The crude and adjusted odds ratios for the studied association were estimated using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS The frequency for unintended pregnancy was 60.2%; 25.9% presented postpartum depression symptoms. Those who had unintended pregnancies had a higher likelihood of presenting this symptoms, even after adjusting for confounding variables (OR = 1.48; 95%CI 1.09;2.01). When the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) variable was included, the association decreased, however, remained statistically significant (OR = 1.42; 95%CI 1.03;1.97).CONCLUSIONS Unintended pregnancy showed association with subsequent postpartum depressive symptoms. This suggests that high values in Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Screening Scale may result from unintended pregnancy.
Field performance of cold- and hot-applied joint sealants
Authors: Badr Atef , von-Heuser-Mason Peter
Published: June 2015

Stone mastic asphalt (SMA) and thin surfacing have been used in the UK for over 15 years. The primary location of failure and deterioration on the majority of thin surfacing is along the longitudinal joints. Traditionally, contractors used hot bitumen as the joint edge sealant material. More recently, many contractors used cold-applied bituminous edge sealants. This paper presents the findings of field and laboratory investigations aimed to explore which method provides the optimum performance of longitudinal joints. Dynamic shear rheology (DSR), indirect tensile strength (ITS), pull-off, permeability and air void content tests were performed. The results of the DSR tests showed that cold-applied sealant could outperform the field performance of the hot-applied 40/60 pen bitumen sealants. However, the adhesion and ITS tests showed that hot-applied sealant was more effective than the cold-applied sealant in creating a good bond between two asphalt mats. There was no significant difference in the permeability of joints constructed using either sealant. The survey of roads constructed using hot- and cold-applied sealants showed that both methods are capable of constructing durable longitudinal joints on roads with low-to-medium traffic volume.
Portrait of a 21st Century’s Innovator
Authors: Koroleva Diana , Khavenson Tatiana
Published: June 2015

This is an analysis of social and professional characteristics, as well as value orientations of a modern educational innovator. The survey included participants of the 2014 Contest of Innovations in Education, with the sample of 304 respondents. Value orientations were revealed with the help of a questionnaire based on the Schwartz’s value theory. The results were compared to those of the European Social Survey of the Russian population conducted in 2012. Answers of the Contest participants differed dramatically from those of an average Russian, both in subjective importance of specific value orientations and in the structure of value orientation hierarchy. Innovators appreciated more often the values of self-sufficiency, kindness and universalism, as well as willingness to take risks in their professional life. They were less guided in their actions by the desire to take and to hold power which was not associated with their personal achievements. The survey demonstrated that innovations in education could be offered and implemented not only by experts, i. e. people working in educational institutions of different levels, but also by  employees of companies that are not directly related to education, as well as by school and university students. Innovators have a better educational background and participate actively in supplementary education events.
Determinants of Cognitive Skills and Competencies: Preliminary Statistical Analysis of PIAAC Data
Authors: Bruhanov Maxym , Polyachenko Sergiy
Published: June 2015

The paper presents results of factor and regression analysis of determinants affecting cognitive skills assessed with PIAAC tests. Comparative analysis of competencies by occupation categories and by specializations shows that results of the Russian sample fall remarkably behind the average OECD scores in literacy and numeracy. The difference is especially perceptible between lawmakers, high-level public officials, top- and middle-level managers, most highly skilled professionals, and respondents from humanities, social sciences, business, law, mathematics, or computer sciences. However, respondents with low education levels (8 years of school or less) and unqualified workers scored better than their average European counterparts. OECD graduates from “natural sciences, mathematics and computer sciences” had higher points in numeracy in the PIAAC sample. Russia demonstrated almost no difference between the numeracy points obtained by people who majored in “humanities, languages and art”, “natural sciences, mathematics and computer sciences”, “engineering sciences, production and construction”, “health  are”, or “services”. We believe that graduates from “natural sciences, mathematics and computer sciences” cannot enjoy a competitive advantage in numeracy due to no rigid selection of school students, to the low-level requirements to university graduates, and to no efficient labor markets available.
The Old Argument. Rewiew of the books: Katkov M. (1902) Our Learning Reform. Moscow: S. Fischer’s Edition. Shchapov A. (1870) Social and Educational Conditions of Russian People’s Mental Development. Saint Petersburg: N. Polyakov’s Edition
Authors: Lyubzhin Aleksey
Published: June 2015

Collision of M. Katkov’s and A. Shchapov’s ideas is seen as a fundamental conflictthat sheds light on what preceded destruction of the traditional Russian school. The contemporary Russian school embodies the almost sesquicentennial ideas of A. Shchapov and vigorous denial of the teaching principles of M. Katkov, the ideologue of the Russian gymnasium of the last years of its existence.
The Internationalization of the Academic Profession in Europe. A Quantitative Study of 11 National Systems
Authors: Kwiek Marek
Published: June 2015

This paper explores various aspects of the internationalization of the academic profession in Europe, using a micro-level (individual) approach which relies on the primary data collected in a comparable format from 17,211 European academics from 11 countries. It focuses, in particular, on 1) the patterns of internationalization of teaching, research, and publishing in hard vs. soft clusters of academic fields and on 2) the role of international research cooperation in individual research productivity. Research productivity and international publication co-authorship of  “internationalists” and “locals” (or academics collaborating and not collaborating internationally) across Europe are compared. Finally, policy implications of the study for national research policies are briefly discussed.