bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Aortic Function Evaluation in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Guala Andrea , Teixido-Turá Gisela , Evangelista Arturo , Rodriguez-Palomares Jose
Published: March 2020

Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a common cardiovascular disease consisting of marked dilation of the aorta. Aortic aneurysms carry a high risk of life-threatening complications such as aortic dissection or rupture. Classically, maximum aortic diameter has been used as the sole descriptor of aneurysm severity and is considered the main predictor of complications. However, maximum aortic diameter measurement is often poorly reproducible and about 60% of type A and 80% of type B aortic dissections occurred in patients with an aortic diameter inferior to that recommended for the indication of elective surgical treatment. Therefore, new biomarkers for risk stratification in thoracic aortic aneurysm are needed. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a non-invasive imaging technique widely used for diagnosis, clinical follow-up and research in thoracic aortic aneurysms. CMR applications to thoracic aortic aneurysms are generally based on either cine CMR images, which are time-resolved images providing dynamic structural visualization, or phase-contrast images, which utilise a flow-encoding gradient to assess time-resolved velocity data. Particularly with 3D velocity encoding (4D flow MRI), phase-contrast imaging permits detailed study of haemodynamic in thoracic aortic aneurysms while cine CMR is often used to assess aortic geometry and its changes through the cardiac cycle or during follow-up. The possibilities offered by CMR for studying thoracic aortic aneurysms and a description of their applications in Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) and Marfan patients are here reviewed.
Методичні аспекти планування розвитку систем озброєння протиповітряної оборони в умовах ресурсного обмеження
Authors: Турінський О.В. , Демідов Б.О. , Гриб Д.А. , Хмелевська О.О.
Published: March 2020

У статті виділяються аспекти і положення підготовки і реалізації планів і програм розвитку складних систем військового призначення. Значна увага приділена напрямку визначення шляхів заощадження ресурсів для створення нових систем багатовартісних зразків озброєння і військової техніки.

У статті виділяються деякі положення з позитивного досвіду, які б могли бути результативно застосованими у практиці підготовки і реалізації планів і програм розвитку системи озброєння протиповітряної оборони держави з урахуванням специфічних особливостей існуючих обмежень різного характеру, у тому числі організаційних і фінансових.

Перспективна багатопозиційна система протиповітряної оборони має включати до себе новітні вогневі засоби, засоби розвідки, управління і забезпечення з бережливими їх життєвими циклами, а система озброєнь протиповітряної оборони у цілому має мати свій бережливий керований життєвий цикл. Реалізація планів і програм розвитку має бути зорієнтована на виконання цих вимог.

Концепція розвитку системи озброєння протиповітряної оборони має у системній єдності відображувати оперативно-стратегічні й оперативно-тактичні потреби, науково-технічні можливості і воєнно-економічну доцільність реалізації запланованих напрямків вдосконалення і розвитку системи озброєння у програмному періоді часу.

Розробка і виробництво нових і вдосконалення існуючих зразків ОВТ має декілька їх варіантів реалізації, а саме – це революційний і еволюційний варіанти і глибокої, середньої і незначної модернізації.
Підвищення надійності навігаційного забезпечення військових споживачів інформації глобальних навігаційних супутникових систем
Authors: Деденок В.П. , Рєзніков Ю.В. , Березіна С.І.
Published: March 2020

Для організації контролю цілісності глобальних навігаційних супутникових систем в інтересах військових споживачів запропонований критерій відповідності точності навігаційних рішень заданим вимогам, який на відміну від традиційних не вимагає безпосереднього порівняння конкуруючих оцінок по усіх можливих напрямах і ґрунтується на використанні поняття мінімального власного числа матриці. Запропонований метод компенсації ефемеридної похибки на основі формування моделі похибки з можливістю екстраполяції її значень за часом і здійснення псевдодиференціального режиму без організації реального каналу зв'язку з базовою станцією.
Godard pelo celular e Le livre d’image
Authors: Martins Bruno Guimarães , Bertol Domingues Rachel , Cardoso Filho Jorge Luiz Cunha
Published: March 2020

O texto tem como ponto de partida a entrevista coletiva concedida por Jean-Luc Godard, por meio de um celular, a jornalistas no Festival de Cannes de 2018, sobre seu filme Le livre d’image (2018), realizado com imagens de arquivo (sem atores). Ao se apresentar na pequena tela de um smartphone, o cineasta propõe uma reflexão sobre o que o cinema expõe e compõe em relação a outras mídias. Nossa hipótese neste ensaio analítico é que a função tátil (da digital e do digital) ocupa lugar central nessa conjunção, permitindo a brincadeira com as linguagens, explorando seus limites, com a decomposição de texto, imagem e som. Nesse exercício, Godard sobrepõe temporalidades e posiciona-se de forma crítica diante de desafios políticos contemporâneos.
Diversidad, abundancia y estacionalidad del polen alergénico en la atmósfera de Mar del Plata (Argentina)
Authors: Abud Sierra Laura , Latorre Fabiana
Published: March 2020

Introducción y objetivos: Los granos de polen representan uno de los principales contaminantes biológicos del aire ya que causan alergias en gran parte de la población. Conocer la calidad biológica del aire y cómo varía a lo largo del año, es fundamental para implementar medidas terapéuticas y preventivas. En este trabajo, se planteó: 1) determinar la potencialidad alergénica del espectro polínico atmosférico de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, 2) elaborar un calendario polínico con los taxones más alergénicos, y 3) establecer estaciones polínicas que permitan identificar los periodos con mayor incidencia de polen alergénico, reconociendo los principales contribuyentes.
M&M: Se realizó un monitoreo aerobiológico durante un año con una muestreador aerobiológico, volumétrico y continuo.
Resultados: Las concentraciones medias diarias sumaron 12742 granos. Se registraron 50 tipos polínicos, 30 de los cuales fueron alergénicos (21 arbóreos y 9 herbáceos). Los taxones con una alergenicidad moderada o alta fueron: Cupressaceae, Poaceae, Cedrus y Platanus con más del 5% anual, y Acer, Urticaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Populus, Ulmus y Fraxinus con valores entre 2 y 5%. Con ellos, más Ambrosia y Artemisia que son altamente alergénicos, se estableci un calendario polínico que permitió visualizar la duración, intensidad y estacionalidad de cada período de polinación individual. Además, se determinaron cinco estaciones polínicas definidas por taxones abundantes y con niveles altos de alergenicidad: febrero-marzo, abril, agosto, setiembre-octubre, noviembre-diciembre.
Conclusiones: El 95% del polen anual es alergénico o potencialmente alergénico. Se continúa con el monitoreo aerobiológico para incorporar las variaciones interanuales.
La etnobotánica Aonik’enk (Tehuelches de Santa Cruz, Argentina) inédita de Raúl Martínez Crovetto: Fitonimia, correspondencias botánicas y análisis nomenclatural
Authors: Scarpa Gustavo Fabián , Anconatani Leonardo Martín , Rosso Cintia Natalia , Huircapán Néstor Daniel
Published: March 2020

Introducción y objetivo: En el Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE) se hallaron valiosos datos inéditos de Raúl Martínez Crovetto (M.C.) -pionero de las investigaciones etnobotánicas en Argentina- sobre la etnobotánica aonik’enk registrados durante 1967 en la provincia de Santa Cruz. El objetivo de esta primera contribución es analizar e interpretar el voluminoso conjunto de informaciones que M.C. ha relevado sobre la fitonimia Aoni’kenk, a los fines de contribuir al patrimonio cultural de este pueblo y a la comprensión de su etnobotánica.

M&M: La metodología empleada es la correspondiente a la “etnobotánica histórica”, la cual considera a los datos del pasado como una fuente de información primaria sobre los cuales se aplica el método etnobotánico clásico.

Resultados: Se comprueba que M.C. registra un total de 105 fitónimos aonik’enk que se emplean para denominar a 165 taxa botánicos (la mayoría de ellos -88.5 %- nativos), en un total de 236 correspondencias. El análisis semántico de la nomenclatura vernácula consigna 45 lexemas primarios, 10 lexemas secundarios y 28 nombres metafórico-descriptivos, además de 22 préstamos de traducción y absolutos re-fonologizados tomados de otras lenguas.

Conclusiones: Se destacan la puesta en valor, el análisis y las implicancias etnotaxonómicas de la cuantiosa información referida, así como su actualización y datos originales aportados por los autores.
COVID 19 – An Environmental Pandemic!
Authors: DATTA JAYDIP
Published: March 2020

Corona Virus – A Spasmo-demic (Non dictionary term) ! . Spasmodic + Epidemic – used here. Spasmodic w.r.t our environment. A critical Virological pathogen throughout theWorld is destroying the environmental sustainability increasing the Death rate every Day . The COVID19 is the latest model is one of the greatest headache to World Health Organisation ( WHO ) , Environmental Protection agency ( EPA ) .DATTA, J. (2020, April 7). PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AND PEACE : ANOTHER WAY OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT ( Experiment Finding )-Addendum for Covid 19. Retrieved from osf.io/bjgz9 MLA DATTA, JAYDIP. "PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AND PEACE : ANOTHER WAY OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT ( Experiment Finding )-Addendum for Covid 19." OSF Preprints, 7 Apr. 2020. Web. Chicago DATTA, JAYDIP. 2020. "PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AND PEACE : ANOTHER WAY OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT ( Experiment Finding )-Addendum for Covid 19." OSF Preprints. April 7. osf.io/bjgz9. Get more citations Enter citation style (e.g., "APA") OSF Explore (https://osf.io/explore/activity/) Contact (mailto:contact@osf.io)
SMARCA2 (BRM) expression is associated with enhanced survival in patients with breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2020

SMARCA2, also known as Brahma (BRM) (1) is a component of the mammalian switch sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex that interacts with nucleosomes, the proteins that bind DNA, to alter the confirmation of the genetic code and thereby regulate transcription (2, 3). Subunits of the SWI/SNF complex are recurrently mutated in a wide variety of cancers (4-6). We mined published tumor transcriptome data with paired survival data to discover genes associated with survival outcomes in breast cancer (7, 8). We found that SMARCA2 was among the genes most differentially expressed in both primary and metastatic tumor tissues when comparing tumor transcriptomes based on survival at 24 months. SMARCA2 expression was significantly higher in patients surviving greater than 24 months, suggesting that increased SMARCA2 expression confers a survival benefit to patients with metastatic and localized breast cancer.
SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN UUD 1945 SEBELUM PERUBAHAN (PASCA DEKRIT)
Authors: Sidqi Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Dengan berlakunya kembali UUD tanggal 5 Juli 1959, Indonesia memasuki periode demokrasi terpimpin. UUD 1945 menggunakan Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial. Presiden Soekarno menjadi Kepala Negara sekaligus sebagai Kepala Pemerintahan RI Sistem kepemimpinannya disebut orde lama. Inkonsistensi penerapan Sistem Pemerintahan ini merupakan bentuk penyimpangan terhadap ketentuan UUD 1945 sendiri yang jelas-jelas mengatur Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial. Namun keinkonsistensian penerapan Sistem Pemerintahan tersebut didasari atas konvensi ketatanegaraan dan hukum kebiasaan yang telah diterapkan sebelumnya. Disamping itu juga dapat dikatakan karena UUD 1945 sendiri memang dimaksudkan hanya sebagai revolutie –grondwet atau undang-undang dasar kilat (ucapan Bung Karno dalam sidang BPUPKI) yaitu undang-undang dasar yang hanya dimaksudkan sebagai naskah konstitusi untuk sementara waktu dalam rangka persiapan Indonesia menjadi Negara yang merdeka dan berdaulat.Selama rezim Orde Baru tidak terjadi perubahan Sistem Pemerintahan. Akan tetapi, pelaksanaan lembaga kePresidenan sangat dominan. Hal ini dapat dilihat di dalam UUD 1945 yang menyatakan tugas dan kewenangan Presiden mencakup tidak hanya bidang eksekutif, tetapi juga dalam bidang legislatif dan yudikatif.
SARANA HUKUM KEPERDATAAN DALAM HUKUM ADMINISTRASI NEGARA
Authors: Sidqi Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Pemerintahan merupakan organ untuk menjalankan wewenang yang memikul kewajiban dan tanggung jawab terhadap rakyat. Meskipun jabatan pemerintahan memiliki hak dan kewajiban/diberikan hak untuk melakukan kegiatan hukum, pemerintah tidak dapat bertindak sendiri. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu peraturan-peraturan dan sarana-sarana agar pemerintahan bisa menjalankan hak dan kewajibannya dengan baik. Dalam urusan usaha negara, pemerintahan merupakan tombak utama dalam kegiatan tersebut, karena keputusan yang akan diambil atau dikeluarkan oleh badan atau pejabat tata usaha negara harus sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Oleh sebab itu disini akan dijelaskan apa itu peraturan perundang-undangan dan keputusan-keputusan tata usaha negara yang memuat pengaturan yang bersifat umum. Kemudian di dalamnya diperlukan sarana-sarana lain untuk menjalankan pemerintahan tersebut.
SISTEM INFORMASI REKAM MEDIK PASIEN (STUDI KASUS KLINIK SEULANGA TAPAK TUAN ACEH SELATAN)
Authors: Jiem Jurnal
Published: March 2020

Klinik Seulanga bergerak sebagai salah satu instansi kesehatan di daerah Tapak Tuan Aceh Selatan ini memiliki banyak pasien yang berobat setiap harinya. Tidak dapat dipungkiri, bahwa pelayanan kesehatan pada Klinik Seulanga pun harus ditingkatkan, mulai dari pelayanan pada saat pasien akan melakukan pendaftaran, kemudian selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan sampai memberikan resep serta mengambil obat yang harus digunakan oleh pasien. Masalah yang terdapat di Klinik ini adalah pada sistem rekam medik atau pendataan pasiennya, dimana data-data yang dibutuhkan saat pelayanan pasien berlangsung masih dicatat dan disimpan secara manual yang mengakibatkan sering terjadinya kesalahan dalam pencatatan data pasien yang disimpan masih berupa buku, sehingga terjadi penumpukan data dan keamanan dari datanya kurang terjamin, selain itu pembuatan laporan harian dan laporan bulanan membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan sering terjadinya kesalahan dalam penulisan dan perhitungan jumlah kasus di Klinik. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk membantu proses pelayanan kesehatan terhadap rekam medik pasien yang membutuhkan data-data di setiap prosesnya, sehingga memberikan pelayanan yang lebih cepat dan efektif serta efesien dan juga dukungan untuk pengolahan data dan menginput data rekam medik yang baik. Melihat permasalahan yang ada maka metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam perancangan sistem informasi rekam medik pasien ini adalah metode observasi, wawancara dan diteratur. Perancangan perangkat lunak sistem aplikasi rekam medik pasien yang penulis rancang terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yaitu rancangan masukan, rancangan keluar, rancangan data base, rancangan proses, rancangan proses, rancangan kontrol, rancangan waktu,rancangan tenaga kerja dan rancangan biaya. Dengan menggunakan sistem yang baru ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan sistem informasi yang baik dan teratur, dapat mempercepat proses pengolahan data pasien, dapat mencegah terjadinya kerangkapan data, serta memudahkan dalam pembuatan laporan.
Associations between individual variations in visual attention at 9 months and behavioral competencies at 18 months in rural Malawi
Authors: Pyykkö Juha , Ashorn Ulla , Chilora Eletina , Maleta Kenneth , Ashorn Per , Leppänen Jukka
Published: March 2020

Theoretical and empirical considerations suggest that individual differences in infant visual attention correlate with variations in cognitive skills later in childhood. Here we tested this hypothesis in infants from rural Malawi (n = 231-377, depending on analysis), who were assessed with eye tracking tests of visual orienting, anticipatory looks, and attention to faces at 9 months, and more conventional tests of cognitive control (A-not-B), motor, language, and socioemotional development at 18 months. The results showed no associations between measures of infant attention at 9 months and cognitive skills at 18 months, either in analyses linking infant visual orienting with broad cognitive outcomes or analyses linking specific constructs between the two time points (i.e., switching of anticipatory looks and manual reaching responses), as correlations varied between -0.07 and 0.14. Measures of physical growth, and family socioeconomic characteristics were also not correlated with cognitive outcomes at 18 months in the current sample (correlations between -0.10 and 0.19). The results do not support the use of eye tracking as a predictive tool for 18-month-old infants’ cognitive skills in the Malawian setting. The results are discussed in light of the potential limitations of infant tests and restricted range of variability in cognitive outcomes in homogeneous samples from low-resource settings.
The elusive effects of incidental anxiety on reinforcement-learning
Authors: Ting Chih-Chung , Palminteri Stefano , Lebreton Maël , Engelmann Jan Benjamin
Published: March 2020

Anxiety is a common affective state, characterized by the subjectively unpleasant feelings of dread over an anticipated event. Anxiety is suspected to have important negative consequences on cognition, decision-making and learning. Yet, despite a recent surge in studies investigating the specific effects of anxiety on reinforcement-learning, no coherent picture has emerged. Here, we investigated the effects of incidental anxiety on instrumental reinforcement learning, while addressing several issues and defaults identified in a focused literature review. We used a rich experimental design, featuring both a learning and a transfer phase, and a manipulation of outcomes valence (gains vs losses). In two variants (N = 2x50) of this experimental paradigm, incidental anxiety was induced with an established threat-of-shock paradigm. Model-free results show that incidental anxiety effects seem limited to a small, but specific increase in post-learning performance measured by a transfer task. A comprehensive modelling effort revealed that, irrespective of the effects of anxiety, individuals give more weight to positive than negative outcomes, and tend to experience the omission of a loss as a gain (and vice versa). However, in line with results from our targeted literature survey, isolating specific computational effects of anxiety on learning per se proved to be challenging. Overall, our results suggest that learning mechanisms are more complex than traditionally presumed, and raise important concerns about the robustness of the effects of anxiety previously identified in simple reinforcement-learning studies.
Exploring the pathways between transformative group experiences and identity fusion.
Authors: Kavanagh Christopher Michael , Kapitány Rohan , Putra Idhamsyah Eka , Whitehouse Harvey
Published: March 2020

A growing body of evidence suggests that two distinct forms of group alignment are possible: identification and fusion (the former asserts that group and personal identity are distinct, while the latter asserts group and personal identities are functionally equivalent and mutually reinforcing). Among highly fused individuals, group identity taps directly into personal agency and so any attack on the group is perceived as a personal attack and motivates a willingness to fight and possibly even die as a defensive response. As such, identity fusion is relevant in explaining violent extremism, including suicidal terrorist attacks. Identity fusion is theorized to arise as a result from the sharing of personally transformative experiences with other group members, however evidence for this relationship remains limited to date. Here, we present a pre-registered study in which we examine the role of transformativeness and perceived sharedness of group- defining events in generating identity fusion. We find that both of these factors are predictive of identity fusion but that the relationship with transformativeness was more consistent than perceived sharedness across analyses in a sample of Indonesian Muslims.
Cognitive flexibility mediates the association between early life stress and habitual behavior
Authors: Zhou Xinqi , Meng Yayun , Schmitt Helena , Montag Christian , Kendrick Keith , Becker Benjamin
Published: March 2020

Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to high levels of early life stress (ELS) may lead to a lasting shift between goal-directed and habitual behavioral tendencies. Cognitive flexibility has been shown to be impaired following early life stress and represents a protective factor for the formation of rigid maladaptive behavior, however, whether cognitive flexibility mediates their association is not clear. Against this background we employed a mediation approach in a sample of n = 560 young healthy Chinese to determine whether cognitive flexibility mediates the association between ELS and habitual behavioral tendencies as assessed by the Creature of Habits Scale (COHS). We present and validate a Chinese version of the COHS (COHS-C) and replicate the two factor solution of the original version. Higher ELS exposure was associated with higher habitual behavioral tendencies and lower cognitive flexibility. Importantly, the association between ELS and habitual behavior was fully mediated by cognitive flexibility, suggesting that ELS-associated deficient cognitive flexibility promotes habitual behavioral tendencies in everyday life. Early intervention approaches that aim at promoting cognitive flexibility may increase resilience for dysregulated habit formation following ELS in adulthood.
Comparing Means under Heteroscedasticity and Nonnormality: Further Exploring Robust Means Modeling
Authors: Counsell Alyssa , Chalmers Robert Philip , Cribbie Rob
Published: March 2020

Researchers are commonly interested in comparing the means of independent groups when distributions are nonnormal and variances are unequal. Robust means modeling (RMM) has been proposed as an alternative to ANOVA-type procedures when the assumptions of normality and variance homogeneity are violated. This paper extends work comparing the Type I error and power rates of RMM to those for the trimmed Welch procedure. A Monte Carlo study was used to investigate RMM and the trimmed Welch procedure under several conditions of nonnormality and variance heterogeneity. Our results suggest that the trimmed Welch provides a better balance of Type I error control and power than RMM.
Evaluating Equivalence Testing Methods for Measurement Invariance
Authors: Counsell Alyssa , Cribbie Rob
Published: March 2020

Measurement Invariance (MI) is often concluded from a nonsignificant chi-square difference test. Researchers have also proposed using change in goodness-of-fit indices (ΔGOFs) instead. Both of these commonly used methods for testing MI have important limitations. To combat these issues, To combat these issues, it was proposed using an equivalence test (EQ) to replace the chi-square difference test commonly used to test MI. Due to concerns with the EQ's power, and adjusted version (EQ-A) was created, but provides little evaluation of either procedure. The current study evaluated the Type I error and power of both the EQ and EQ-A, and compared their performance to that of the traditional chi-square difference test and ΔGOFs. The EQ was the only procedure that maintained empirical error rates below the nominal alpha level. Results also highlight that the EQ requires larger sample sizes than traditional difference-based approaches or using equivalence bounds based on larger than conventional RMSEA values (e.g., > .05) to ensure adequate power rates. We do not recommend the proposed adjustment (EQ-A) over the EQ.
A new scaling rule for context-dependent moral judgments.
Authors: Gomis-Pont Sandra , Navarro-Plaza Mari Carmen , Navajas Joaquin , Quiroga Rodrigo Quian , Sala Salvador , Martinez Luis M.
Published: March 2020

Moral judgments are typically explained by a combination of either deontological considerations about the nature of actions, or quantitative assessments of the consequences of those actions. These proposals, however, have serious limitations such as being insensitive to personal biases and global circumstances. This study presents an alternative approach based on comparative affective evaluations that modulate responses as more contextual information is presented to the choice set. We show that, when we make a moral decision, we do not simply judge the action and/or its consequences, we judge the protagonist performing the action embedded in a given set of circumstances and we normalize their behavior using the same gain control mechanism that operates in other sensory and motor domains. The explanatory power of this novel approach is broader than that provided by traditional paradigms and can be easily applied to more ecologically relevant scenarios.
Partisan polarization is the primary psychological motivation behind political fake news sharing on Twitter
Authors: Osmundsen Mathias , Bor Alexander , Vahlstrup Peter Bjerregaard , Bechmann Anja , Petersen Michael Bang
Published: March 2020

The rise of “fake news” is a major concern in contemporary Western democracies. Yet, research on the psychological motivations behind the spread of political fake news on social media is surprisingly limited. Are citizens who share fake news ignorant and lazy? Are they fueled by sinister motives, seeking to disrupt the social status quo? Or do they seek to attack partisan opponents in an increasingly polarized political environment? This manuscript is the first to test these competing hypotheses based on a careful mapping of psychological profiles of over 2,300 American Twitter users linked to behavioral sharing data and sentiment analyses of more than 500,000 news story headlines. The findings contradict the ignorance perspective but provide some support for the disruption perspective and strong support for the partisan polarization perspective. Thus, individuals who report hating their political opponents are the most likely to share political fake news and selectively share content that is useful for derogating these opponents. Overall, our findings show that fake news sharing is fueled by the same psychological motivations that drive other forms of partisan behavior, including sharing partisan news from traditional and credible news sources.
Communication on COVID-19 to community – measures to prevent a second wave of epidemic
Authors: Bikbov Boris , Bikbov Alexander
Published: March 2020

The manuscript highlights available data on gap in public awareness about recent clinical and scientific facts about COVID-19, insufficient community knowledge about symptoms and preventive measures during COVID-19 and previous MERS-CoV epidemic, and lack of monitoring the community perception and adherence to preventive measures. We also summarize literature evidence about reluctance to change social behavior and disregard recommendations for social distancing among persons who percept to having low risk of infection or complications, and briefly describe destructive psychological response and misleading communications.Our analysis could be translated into important policy changes in two directions:(1)to communicate recent scientific discoveries about COVID-19 pathophysiology to better prepare public opinion to longer period of extraordinary measures;(2)to implement sociological feedback on knowledge, attitudes and practices among general public and some vulnerable social groups.
The anomaly P syndrome in green frogs: the history of discovery, morphological features and possible causes
Authors: Svinin A.O. , Ermakov O.A. , Litvinchuk S.N. , Bashinskiy I.V.
Published: March 2020

The anomaly P in green frogs was firstly found in 1952 in France by French writer and scientist Jean Rostand. Mild form of anomaly P manifestation includes polydactyly, while complex morphological transformations affect the fore and hindlimbs and include combinations of traits: polydactyly, brachymely, hind limb flexion, small additional limbs, bone outgrowths, tumors and edema in the hind limbs. Rostand experimentally showed that this anomaly is not inherited and is caused by some environmental factors. It was recorded only in Western Palearctic green frogs of the genus Pelophylax and was absent in other amphibian species, despite their syntopic occurrence. The severe cases of anomaly P were not found for a long time by researchers and were re-discovered after half a century since its last observation. A new record was made in 2016 in the central part of Russia in the Privolzhskaya Lesostep’ nature reserve. The morphological features of the anomalous frogs in the study area turned out to be similar to those described by Rostand. Symmetric polydactyly, brachymely, hind limb flexion, edema of hind limbs, small additional limbs in thighs, outgrowths, and concomitant anomalies – mandibular hypoplasia, unmoved hind limb, open opercular chamber. The frequency of occurrence of the anomaly in the studied population reached 24.7% (n = 384). Moreover, the “severe forms” of the anomaly P were noted in 4.7% of cases, and the “light” (polydactyly) in 20.0%. Growing tadpoles together with freshwater mollusks allowed us to obtain the anomaly P in the laboratory. It was revealed that the mollusks Planorbarius corneus are the intermediate hosts (vectors) for the “infectious agent” of this anomaly. As the most possible cause of the anomaly, the infection by trematodes species is considered.
Late Pleistocene and Holocene small mammal (Lipotyphla, Rodentia, Lagomorpha) remains from Medvezhyi Klyk Cave in the Southern Russian Far East
Authors: Omelko V.E. , Kuzmin Y.V. , Tiunov M.P. , Voyta L.L. , Burr G.S.
Published: March 2020

Late Pleistocene-Holocene faunal complexes of small mammals (Lipotyphla, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha) from the Russian Far East are described for the first time. We used material from the Medvezhyi Klyk Cave, located in Southern Sikhote-Alin. The numerous fossil findings from the cave display a remarkable taxonomic diversity and high degree of preservation. AMS 14C dating used for determination of deposits age. The Holocene sediments were divided into three periods: Early, Middle, and Late. The Pleistocene deposits age was not exactly determined, but under approximately estimation it can reach 50–60 ka. Thirty-nine species were found, including one member of the extinct genus of arvicolins. There are six faunal complexes identified from the studied Late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. In general, the faunal complexes characterized by the dominance of Craseomys rufocanus within rodents, Sorex caecutiens within lipotyphlans; and relatively stability composition of most number of the dominant, codominant and subdominant species. Accordingly, the faunal complexes were described by means of two determining criteria only: relative number of species; and presence or absence of certain species. The dominant species are eurytopic and so they cannot use for reconstruction of the paleoenvironment.
New insights into the molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Issidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea)
Authors: Gnezdilov V.M. , Konstantinov F.V. , Bodrov S.Y.
Published: March 2020

The phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of the planthopper family Issidae were explored by analyzing a molecular dataset of nine fragments (COI, CytB, 12S, H3, 16S, 18SII, 18SIII, 28S D3–D5, 28S D6–D7) and 48 terminal taxa. Bayesian and Maximum likelihood analyses yielded similar and mostly well-resolved trees with moderate to high support for most branches. The obtained results suggest subdivision of the family Issidae Spinola into two subfamilies, Issinae Spinola, 1839 (= Thioniinae Melichar, 1906, = Hemisphaeriinae Melichar, 1906) and Hysteropterinae Melichar, 1906. The Issinae was clustered into the tribes Issini Spinola, 1839, with the subtribes Issina Spinola, 1839 and Thioniina Melichar, 1906, Sarimini Wang, Zhang et Bourgoin, 2016, Parahiraciini Cheng et Yang, 1991, Hemisphaeriini Melichar, 1906, and Kodaianellini Wang, Zhang et Bourgoin, 2016. The Hysteropterinae incorporates the rest of Western Palaearctic taxa except Issina. Chimetopini Gnezdilov, 2017, stat. nov. is elevated to tribe from the subtribal level. Most well-supported clades showed clear geographical pattering. Newly obtained data contradicts the scenario of an early split of American Thioniinae from other Issidae and possible origin of the family in the New World, while the combination of Palaearctic Issus Fabricius and Latissus Dlabola with Oriental and American taxa in one well supported clade may serve as an evidence for a common ancestor for extant Oriental, American, and Palaearctic issids.
Sergey Alexandrovich Chernov (1903–1964): biography of herpetologist
Authors: Ananjeva N.B. , Doronin I.V.
Published: March 2020

The scientific biography of the outstanding herpetologist and specialist in zoogeography Sergei Alexandrovich Chernov (1903–1964) was reconstructed on the base the study of archival materials and literature sources. The text is divided into four parts, reflecting the main stages of his biography: 1903–1930 – Kharkiv, the beginning of the scientific career; 1930–1941 – relocation to Leningrad, Tajik-Pamir expedition; 1941–1945 – Great Patriotic War and evacuation; 1945–1964 – period after the Great Patriotic War. In the paper, we emphasize the line of teacher–student continuity begun by A.M. Nikolsky and S.A. Chernov in the herpetology department of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The appendix contains a list of his publications (52 titles), taxa, described by him (11) and named in his honor (6). In majority of his publications, Chernov was the sole author; most of them were published in Russian; only one paper was written in a foreign (German) language. One of the main achievements of Chernov should be recognized a publication of the Guide of amphibians and reptiles of the USSR together with P.V. Terentyev. He made the greatest contribution to the study of the systematics of lizards and snakes, composition, zoogeography, and the history of the formation of the herpetofauna of Central Asia. According to his studies, the fauna of Central and Central Asia are subsidiaries of the once united region, what contradicted the views of his teacher Nikolsky, who developed the concept of M.A. Menzbir about the young postglacial origin of the Aral-Caspian deserts and the ancient, Eocene origin of the deserts of Central Asia.
FORMATION OF THE OFFICER'S COMMUNICATION CULTURE AS A PEDAGOGICAL
PROBLEM
Authors: Ahmadova Gulnur
Published: March 2020

Military personnel must communicate clearly and effectively to carry out their missions. Although we live in an era of rapid personal and mass communication that was barely imagined just a few years ago, the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan still require face-to face briefings, background papers, and staff packages to keep the mission moving forward. This article provides the information to ensure clear, precise, and logical communications.
EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON FORMING THE READINESS OF PILOTS OF CIVIL AVIATION FOR ACTIONS IN AN EXTRAORDINARY SITUATION
Authors: Biryukov A.A.
Published: March 2020

The article provides information about the organization, conduction and results of experimental work on the formation of readiness of civil aviation pilots to act in an emergency. Initial level of their readiness to act in emergency situations was determined based on the methods developed in pedagogy and psychology for diagnosing the level of pilots ' skills and competencies in the field of their professional qualities, which turned out to be insufficient . After the formative stage, during which the developed pedagogical conditions and structural and functional model of training pilots for actions in an emergency were tested, developed new curricula and programs for individual subjects, special courses, cases, trained teachers, instructors and psychologists, a control stage was conducted and a control diagnosis of the formed qualities of pilots ' readiness for actions in emergency situations, the results of the ascertaining and control stages of experimental work are presented, the conclusion is made based on the results of the experiment and the evidence of the scientific assumption.
ARCHETYPES AND IMAGES OF THE KAZAKH NATIONAL CULTURE IN CREATIVITY
CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS
Authors: Krykbaeva S.M. , Abdurahmanova G.A. , Bakirova L.Sh.
Published: March 2020

Background. reveals art analysis of archetypes and artistic images reflecting the Kazakh national culture in the paintings of modern artists of Kazakhstan The ways of art history analysis have been revealed for the most characteristic archetypes and artistic images of the Kazakh national culture, which are revealed by modern Kazakhstani artists in their paintings. A typological method is suggested in studying the development of contemporary contemporary art in Kazakhstan. The revival of the traditional worldview in the modern art of Kazakhstan is justified.
Scientific novelty is connected with the historical and art history analysis of symbolizing, ethnosign functions of culture on the basis of reconstruction of the sign-symbolic system of the pictorial type, through which an interpretation of various types of contemporary art of Kazakhstan is given. Contemporary art of Kazakhstan is characterized by the integration of various types, genres and styles, while the development of the world by new means is carried out through signs and symbols established in the context of traditional culture.
The performed art history analysis indicates that the sign-symbolic system of the Tengrian world picture is actively and quite fully implemented in various types and genres of modern art in Kazakhstan. In the works of contemporary artists, along with geometrics, signs and symbols of the animated world (plant and zoomorphic) are used, relevant in the aspect of the ecology of culture, as an answer to the global challenges of our time. The results are significant for theoretical and practical understanding of the problem under consideration, in particular, for Евразийский Союз Ученых (ЕСУ) # 2(71), 2020 5 deepening the description and analysis of works of art by Kazakh artists, as well as for further systematic analysis of works with elements of archetypal motifs and mythological images. Article materials can be used in training courses of art faculties and specialties
INFLUENCE OF VIRTUAL REALITY ON THE SPIRITUALITY OF INFORMATION SOCIETY
Authors: Pirnazarov Nurnazar Rahsid ulı
Published: March 2020

In this article, we will examine a new understanding of spirituality in the modern information society and the impact of globalization. And also, the socio-philosophical understanding of the nature of spirituality, which is considered as a system of stable ties between man and society, as a way of organizing and existing a value principle in the content of universal human being. Acting as a universal social value and an indispensable element of sociocultural life, spirituality is analyzed in the context of social transformations taking place in the global community. Its religious and secular interpretations, methodology and effectiveness in the cognition of two types of society are studied: consumption and creation in modern globalization.
THE SYSTEM OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN
Authors: Mazko Galina Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2020

A system for the growth and development of the human body from the “m” module to the age of the newborn and the age of the long-liver for the male and female figures has been created. Module “m” - a fertilized human egg with a double charge of energy is divided, multiplying the mass of the body and energy exponentially, forms in different quantities the growth formulas of the figures, turns into the shape of the human body. After laying the “m” module, the growth and development of the human body goes from the “Crotch” mark up and down, and up more intensively. At the age of 12-15 years, the human body enters the stage of "ripening". From this period, the
“m” measurement (the distance between the skin fold on the upper nail phalanx of the little finger of the hand and the apical point of the skin of the little finger) on the human body remains unchanged until the end of life. Growth (length and body weight) lasts up to 18-25 years. After this, only cell renewal occurs due to redox reactions. The development of the body occurs throughout its life
LIPID METABOLISM DISEASES BY EXAMPLE GM2 GANGLIOZIDOSIS AND
PREDISPOSITION TO THEM OF CERTAIN ETHNIC GROUPS OF PEOPLE
Authors: Zyukina Z.V. , Lobaeva T.A.
Published: March 2020

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the scientific literature does not have sufficient data on the predisposition of certain ethnic groups of people to metabolic diseases on the example of GM2 gangliosidosis, so the purpose of the work is to clarify and analyze this predisposition of some ethnic groups of people to Tey — Sachs disease (GM2 gangliosidosis, amaurotic idiocy). The research materials and methods are a scientific and analytical review of modern publications on this topic. Research result: a review of the scientific literature has shown that the Jewish population of Eastern European origin (Ashkenazi Jews) has a higher incidence of TaySachs disease and other lipid accumulation diseases. Conclusions: the frequency of hereditary metabolic diseases ranges from 1: 2000 newborns to 1:1000000, and many of these diseases are characterized by differences in the frequency of occurrence in different ethnic groups and populations. In relation to GM2 gangliosidosis, it is shown that 1 in 27-30 Ashkenazi Jews in the United States is a recessive carrier of this disease. BTS affects 1 in 3,600 newborn Jews. One in 20 Jews have a hereditary predisposition to the disease.
THE RESEARCH OF "HYDROBANK-COOLER" SYSTEMS OF HYDRAULIC POWER UNITS OF HYDRAULIC MINING MACHINES
Authors: Abduazizov N. A. , Toshov Zh. B. , Zhuraev A. Sh.
Published: March 2020

Today, powerful expensive equipment is used in mining enterprises. Downtime, breakdowns and repairs of hydraulic mining machines lead to large financial losses of mining enterprises. Mechanical particles, microdroplets of water and air bubbles that fall into hydraulic fluids during operation, significantly affect the properties of the working fluid. In this regard, maintaining the quality of the working fluid used in expensive hydraulic mining machines is one of the most important tasks of modern hydraulics.
SMART POWER AS THE FACTOR IN THE SINO-U.S. RELATIONS
Authors: Guo Cheng , Qun Yin
Published: March 2020

This research work analyzes the characteristics of American public diplomacy from the perspectives of smart power theory, comparing China and the United States’ smart power strategy. The article revealed that globalization and the process of technological evolution have led profound changes in the contempopary world politics and international relations, the smart power factors such as culture, science, technology, and information have become increasingly prominent in political science. These factors have not only created the fundamental theory of smart power, but also affected the form and definition of diplomacy. The research methodology is based on a complex combination of scientific methods, mainly comparative, analytical, systematic. The obtained conclusions can be referred that smart power as a key factor, has become a new theoretical perspective for understanding changes in contempopary international relations and foreign policy. It has naturally become the theoretical support for public diplomacy, meanwhile public diplomacy itself is also an important content and strategic path for smart power construction.
Studying the history of aesthetics of Russian language and speech at the lessons with foreign students
Authors: Sokolova G. Е.
Published: March 2020

The article considers the history of the emergence, gradual expansion, and development of the concepts of „aesthetics of language” and „aesthetics of speech” in terms of teaching these aspects to students studying Russian as a foreign language. The purpose of the article is to analyze the scientific works of Russian linguists on these issues. After all, in order to better understand and master the Russian language, to read wonderful works of Russian writers and poets, speak Russian beautifully, observing all the rules of communication, it is necessary to teach foreign students the aesthetics of speech. Studying these aspects of language is very important for students, as with their help they gradually improve, develop the speech, make it accurate, clear, informative, correct and beautiful. Many problems of the aesthetics of language and speech are far from being solved. Thus, in the history of linguistics, literature, and philosophy, the speech ideal has not yet been described, so the authors - theorists made only the most general considerations. Students studying communication rules, communication etiquette, linguistics, and speech aesthetics will be able to better understand, master Russian and love Russia.
Psychological aspects of the relationship of consciousness mechanisms and individualization of learning
Authors: Guslyakova A. , Guslyakova N. , Vetkhova M. , Kirsanov V.
Published: March 2020

The article covers the problem of the relationship of teacher’s consciousness and the individualization of learning. Special attention is paid to the historical aspects of the problem of individualization of education and its various interpretations in the works of researchers. It is shown that today the situation of social uncertainty, which requires a person to constantly choose a social position, action, way of achieving their goals, stands behind the problem of educational individualization. The professional consciousness of the teacher is considered as a form of life of the subject, providing a solution to professional problems in the process of teaching. Taking into account the relationship between consciousness and the individualization of learning, the authors show how this problem is resolved when the reflection and goal-setting mechanisms are included in the paradigm of joint activities between a teacher and a student, ensuring the development of professional and pedagogical consciousness at the stage of higher education. Thus, educational and professional activities and mechanisms for the development of consciousness of subjects of activity, conditioning each other, find their place in the context of solving problems of implementing the individualization of learning of the subject (child).
P.D. Yurkevich – the founder of the national systematic scientific pedagogy
Authors: Tsvetkov E.A.
Published: March 2020

The article examines the main concepts of pedagogy of Prof. P.D. Yurkevich – undeservedly forgotten Russian philosopher and teacher. It is noted that Yurkevich was the first in Russia to strongly oppose reductionism, reducing psychology to physiology, and called for pedagogy to be based not on utilitarian considerations, but on higher principles, “from the spirit”. Yurkevich’s ideas about the purpose of education, the closest connection between education and training, and the contrast between pagan and Orthodox pedagogy are presented and discussed. Various methods and forms of Yurkevich’s teaching are analyzed. It is concluded that all modern innovations in pedagogy (except computers) have already been applied by Yurkevich.
Actualization of the healthy lifestyle of the older generation in a megapolis
Authors: Yanbukhtin T. , Tarasenkova E.
Published: March 2020

In the article, improving public health is associated with the need to identify and introduce into practice a healthy lifestyle for citizens of the older generation of modern health-saving technologies as part of the sports direction of the “Moscow Longevity” project. The authors conducted a survey among older people in the South-Eastern District of Moscow who are independently engaged in physical activities and physically inactive people. The survey showed the need to expand the area of fitness and health activities, to popularize the knowledge about the ways and means of promoting health, which are thereby included in the system of personal values of the individual, becoming a guide to action and a behavior model.