bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Study of the Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Asthma Control in Children
Authors: Abdul-Razzak Jaqueline , Ionescu Mihaela , Diaconu Radu , Popescu Alexandru Dan , Niculescu Elena Carmen , Gafencu Mihai , Petrescu Ileana Octavia , Singer Cristina Elena , Anghelina Liliana , Gheonea Cristian
Published: January 2025

Asthmatic children who tested positive for COVID-19 experienced changes in lung function and persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, even for several months after diagnosis, and with the same features as in an acute phase. This study aimed to analyze a pediatric age group (between 0 and 17 years old) diagnosed with asthma, and SARS-CoV-2 infection attending regular monitoring visits in a Pediatric Department of a Regional Tertiary Hospital (Filantropia Clinical Municipal Hospital Craiova, Romania) during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic time interval (i.e., March 2020–July 2024), and identify how the infection influenced their long-term symptoms and treatment. Materials and Methods. The following variables were recorded: demographic data (gender, age group, residence), data related to allergies (allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies), the presence of exacerbations, the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, the ventilatory function, the asthma phenotype (allergic or non-allergic), as well as the GINA assessment of asthma control at clinical visits were analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 infections were evaluated in terms of year of infection, symptoms, cough presence and persistence, and modifications of the asthma treatment during and after COVID-19 disease. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS, using the Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis H, and Chi-Square tests. Results. A lower incidence of COVID-19 cases was recorded in the first pandemic of asthmatic patients (2020 and 2021), but an increase in the rate of cases was observed at the beginning of the second pandemic, in 2022. The nitric oxide values in asthmatic children who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 were statistically significantly increased (p < 0.0005), especially for children with persistent cough for more than 4 weeks. A significant increase in the number of exacerbations was also observed in patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.0005). Ventilatory function values were statistically significantly different in asthmatic children with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The persistence of cough after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the changes in ventilatory tests emphasize the need of periodic medical check-ups, as well as the implementation of a therapeutic regimen appropriate for each pediatric patient.
Efficacy of Hearing Aids in Patients with Hearing Difficulties in Noise: Focus on Hidden Hearing Loss
Authors: Boulet Marc , Veleur Marine , Chédeau Julie , Lefeuvre Jérôme , Fain Gérald , Paul Antoine , Alexandru Mihaela , Nevoux Jérôme
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Hearing aids (HAs) have been used for standard high-frequency hearing loss and tinnitus, but their effects on speech intelligibility in noise (SIN) in people with normal hearing, including hidden hearing loss (HHL), have been little explored. Methods: We included in a prospective cohort study patients who experience poor SIN and have normal pure tone average in quiet conditions or slight HL. We used open-fit HAs. The FraMatrix test was used to explore SIN. The benefit of HAs in daily situations and for tinnitus was evaluated. Results: Forty patients were explored, including 12 with HHL. FraMatrix and quality of life improved significantly (p < 0.001) with HAs, especially in those with HHL (2.0 dB SNR of speech recognition threshold improvement). HAs also effectively suppress tinnitus. Participants used HAs 9.9 h per day. Conclusions: This study shows an improvement of SIN with HAs in patients with slight HL but more importantly in patients with HHL.
Motor Assessment Timed Test (MATT): A New Timed Test to Assess Functional Mobility in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Authors: Sebastia-Amat Sergio , Tortosa-Martínez Juan , Pueo Basilio
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that significantly impairs motor function, leading to mobility challenges and an increased risk of falls. Current assessment tools often inadequately measure the complexities of motor impairments associated with PD, highlighting the need for a reliable tool. This study introduces the Motor Assessment Timed Test (MATT), designed to assess functional mobility in PD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 57 participants (38 men and 19 women) aged 44 to 84, diagnosed with idiopathic PD. Participants were recruited from three PD associations and underwent a series of assessments, including MATT, to evaluate gait, balance, and dual-task performance under conditions that reflect real-life challenges faced by individuals with PD. Results: MATT demonstrated excellent reliability with intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.99), inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.96–0.99), and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.93–0.99). The coefficient of variation for total time and each segment ranged from 4.73% to 13.71%, indicating consistent performance across trials. The concurrent validity showed very high correlations with established tools such as the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test (ρ = 0.86, p < 0.001) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (ρ = −0.83, p < 0.001), among others. Only 7.3% of participants reported difficulties in understanding the MATT, predominantly those in advanced stages of the disease. In addition, 23.6% of participants experienced significant challenges in performing the test, particularly individuals with lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (≤ 26) and more advanced disease progression. Conclusions: MATT is a promising tool for assessing motor complications in PD, offering a comprehensive evaluation of functional mobility. Its implementation in clinical practice could enhance the management of PD, facilitating tailored interventions and improving patient outcomes.
Therapeutic Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)—Is There Something Between PPI and Fundoplication? An Overview
Authors: Rosen Harald , Sebesta Christian , Sebesta Marie Christine , Sebesta Christian
Published: January 2025

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects millions globally, with traditional treatments like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and surgical fundoplication presenting challenges such as long-term medication dependency and disturbing long term side effects following surgery. This review explores emerging, alternative therapies that offer less invasive, personalized alternatives for GERD management. Endoscopic approaches, including Stretta therapy, transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF), and endoscopic full-thickness plication (EFTP), demonstrate promising but also controversial outcomes in symptom relief and reduced acid exposure. Laparoscopic electrical stimulation therapy (EndoStim®) and the LINX® magnetic sphincter augmentation system address LES dysfunction, while endoscopic anti-reflux mucosectomy and/or ablation techniques aim to construct a sufficient acid barrier. The RefluxStop™ device offers structural solutions to GERD pathophysiology with intriguing results in initial studies. Despite promising results, further research is required to establish long-term efficacy, safety, and optimal patient selection criteria for these novel interventions. This review underscores the importance of integrating emerging therapies into a tailored, multidisciplinary approach to GERD treatment.
The Potential of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Improving Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Review and Discussion of Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Chmiel James , Kurpas Donata , Stępień-Słodkowska Marta
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent incurable nontraumatic neurological disability in young individuals. It causes numerous symptoms, including tingling, fatigue, muscle spasms, cognitive deficits, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This disease significantly worsens quality of life (QoL), and this dimension of general functioning provides valuable information about the effectiveness of treatment and well-being. There are psychological interventions that can improve QoL, but their number is limited. Therefore, searching for new methods that are as effective and safe as possible is ongoing. Methods: This review examines the potential effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in improving the quality of life in patients with MS. Searches were conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Research Gate, and Cochrane databases. Results: The search yielded seven studies in which QoL was a primary or secondary outcome. Stimulation protocols displayed heterogeneity, especially concerning the choice of the stimulation site. Four studies demonstrated the effectiveness of tDCS in improving QoL, all of which (two) used anodal stimulation of the left DLPFC. Stimulation of the motor cortex has produced mixed results. The potential mechanisms of action of tDCS in improving QoL in MS are explained. These include improved synaptic plasticity, increased cerebral blood flow, salience network engagement through tDCS, and reduction of beta-amyloid deposition. The limitations are also detailed, and recommendations for future research are made. Conclusions: While the evidence is limited, tDCS has shown potential to improve QoL in MS patients in some studies. Prefrontal stimulation appears promising, and further research is recommended to explore this approach.
The Impact of Dialysis Duration on Multidimensional Health Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sułkowski Leszek , Matyja Andrzej , Matyja Maciej
Published: January 2025

Background: Dialysis patients face multidimensional challenges that affect their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dialysis duration and various physical, cognitive, and psychosocial parameters, including fatigue, pain, sexual satisfaction, bowel control, vision, cognitive deficits, mental health, social support, quality of life, and life satisfaction, while incorporating sociodemographic data for greater context. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using validated instruments such as the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Pain Effect Scale (PES), Sexual Satisfaction Scale (SSS), Bowel Control Scale (BWCS), Impact of Visual Impairment Scale (IVIS), Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ), Mental Health Inventory (MHI), Modified Social Support Survey (MSSS), WHOQOL-BREF, and Cantril Ladder. Associations between dialysis duration and these parameters were analyzed. Correlations between current and future life satisfaction were also examined. Results: Dialysis duration significantly affected sexual satisfaction, with scores worsening over time (p = 0.029). Cognitive deficits in planning and organization exhibited a near-significant trend (p = 0.072). Patients with low current life satisfaction anticipated significant future declines (p = 0.001). However, no significant associations were observed between dialysis duration and fatigue, pain, bowel control, vision, mental health, social support, overall quality of life, or life satisfaction. Conclusions: Prolonged dialysis negatively influences sexual satisfaction and may impact specific cognitive domains. The relationship between current and expected life satisfaction highlights the importance of addressing psychological health in this population. While other parameters remained unaffected, individualized care strategies focusing on sexual, cognitive, and psychological support could improve outcomes. Future research should focus on exploring these relationships further and developing targeted interventions to address vulnerable areas, such as sexual, cognitive, and psychological health.
Determinants of Severe Hypocalcemia After Parathyroidectomy in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease and Renal Hyperparathyroidism: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tan Zi Kheng , Looi Wan Limm , Chen Fangxia , Yeo See Cheng , Bairy Manohar
Published: January 2025

Background: Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is generally curative in renal hyperparathyroidism (RHPT) that is refractory to medical treatment in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. Severe hypocalcemia is a common complication of PTX and results in increased monitoring, interventions, lengths of stay, and costs of care. This study aimed to find the determinants and cutoff values of the biochemical determinants, if any, for severe post-operative hypocalcemia after PTX in adult patients with ESKD. Methods: Severe post-operative hypocalcemia was defined as a lowest adjusted serum calcium level < 2 mmol/L during a hospitalization stay following PTX. Receiver operating curves (ROCs) with area under the curve (AUC) values for pre-operative intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and pre-operative alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels against hypocalcemia were used to determine cutoffs. Generalized linear models using Poisson regression with robust error variance were used to estimate the relative risk of severe post-operative hypocalcemia. Results: In total, 75 patients (38 women, 50.7%) with a mean age of 53.8 ± 11.4 years were enrolled; 43 (57%) patients developed severe hypocalcemia post-PTX and had higher pre-operative serum iPTH and ALP levels, as well as a significantly longer hospitalization post-operation (10.5 vs. 4.3 days, p =< 0.001). A pre-operative iPTH level of >166 pmol/L had an AUC-ROC of 0.73 and 72% sensitivity and 73% specificity, respectively, in predicting severe post-operative hypocalcemia with a relative risk of 2.00 [95% CI 1.27–3.33, p = 0.003]. Conclusions: A pre-operative iPTH level > 166 pmol/L is a strong risk predictor for post-operative severe hypocalcemia. Pre-emptive interventions in this high-risk group could potentially result in a reduced length of stay and lower acuity of care.
Association Between Lower Limb Strength Asymmetry and Gait Asymmetry: Implications for Gait Variability in Stroke Survivors
Authors: Lee Yungon , Kim Gi Beom , Shin Sunghoon
Published: January 2025

Background: Gait disturbances characterized by asymmetries in lower limb strength and gait patterns are frequently observed in stroke patients, which increases gait variability and fall risk. However, the extent to which lower limb strength asymmetry influences gait asymmetry and variability in this population remains unclear. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 84 participants, comprising stroke survivors and age- and sex-matched healthy older adults. A portable dynamometer was used to assess lower limb strength, and inertial measurement units to analyze gait parameters. Asymmetry indices were used to quantify strength and gait asymmetries. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlations and stepwise regression to examine the relationships among lower limb strength asymmetry, gait asymmetry, and gait variability. Results: Stroke survivors exhibited significantly greater lower limb strength and gait asymmetries than healthy older adults (p < 0.001). Knee extension (KE) strength asymmetry was a significant predictor of increased gait variability in stroke survivors (R2 = 0.448, p < 0.001) but not in healthy controls. Moreover, longer poststroke duration was associated with greater asymmetry in KE strength (r = 0.42, p < 0.05) and double support time (r = 0.45, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Lower limb strength asymmetry, specifically in knee extensors, is a critical determinant of gait asymmetry and variability in stroke survivors. The association between poststroke duration and increased asymmetry indicates the progressive nature of these impairments. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions to reduce strength asymmetry and address chronic impairments in poststroke rehabilitation to improve gait stability and reduce fall risk.
Short Course of Systemic Steroids for Acute Respiratory Diseases During Infancy and Final Adult Height, Weight, and BMI: Preliminary Results from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Papadopoulou Athina , Lampidi Stavroula , Makris Konstantinos , Chronopoulos Efstathios
Published: January 2025

Background: Systemic corticosteroids are frequently used to manage acute respiratory diseases in infancy, but concerns about the long-term impacts on growth remain. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of short courses of systemic steroids administered exclusively during infancy on final adult height, weight, and BMI, adjusted by sex and cumulative steroid use. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted including 257 participants (49.4% males, 11.2 ± 3.5 years) of which two groups of cases were firstly analyzed: the control group (CG) and the group that received systemic steroids only during infancy (ssccINF). Final adult height, weight, and BMI were compared between the groups, adjusted also for breastfeeding history, food allergies, history of fractures, physical activity, and family smoking habits. Results: No significant differences in final adult height were observed between males in the CG and ssccINF group (179.32 vs. 179.40). In females, the ssccINF group was slightly shorter by 2.5 cm (165.51 vs. 162.98), although this difference was not linked to cumulative days of steroid use during infancy (mean = 3.91 ± 2.37, p = 0.37). A regression analysis revealed no significant influence of additional covariates on height, weight, or BMI outcomes. Conclusions: Short courses of systemic steroids administered exclusively during infancy did not appear to have a significant long-term impact on growth. The minor height difference observed in females was not associated with steroid use duration. These findings suggest that the benefits of short-term steroid therapy, such as reduced hospitalizations and improved management of acute respiratory diseases, outweigh potential risks, supporting its safe use in clinical practice.
Non-Linear Biomechanical Evaluation and Comparison in the Assessment of Three Different Piece Dental Implant Systems for the Molar Region: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Serrato-Pedrosa Jesus Alejandro , Villanueva-Fierro Ignacio , Marquet-Rivera Rodrigo Arturo , Hernández-Vázquez Rosa Alicia , Cruz-Lopez Salvador , Loera-Castañeda Verónica
Published: January 2025

The widely available options of different manufacturers in dental implant systems have complicated the selection criteria process for periodontists, necessitating careful consideration of various factors when selecting suitable solutions for individual patient needs. Optimal implant selection requires careful consideration of the patient-specific factors, implant design, and surgical technique. Understanding the biomechanical behavior of implant–tissue interactions is crucial for achieving successful and long-lasting implant therapy. To adequately address this issue and improve the rigorous selection criteria from a biomechanically numerical approach, this research aims to analyze the stress distribution fields, strain patterns, and load transfer displacements within the implant system and the implant–biological interface (gingival and bony tissues) of titanium three-piece to two–one-piece ceramic implant systems. Thus, three different commercially available dental implants designed to be placed in the jaw molar region were considered for evaluation through the finite element method under both oblique and occlusal loading conditions. The results have exhibited an increasing trend to highlight the outstanding behavior of two-piece ceramic implants to dissipate the stress distribution better (6 and 2 times lower than the three- and one-piece systems under occlusal loads and almost 5 and 1.3 times more efficient for oblique loading, respectively), minimize peak stress values (below 100 MPa), and reduce strain peak patterns compared with the other two evaluated designs. On the other hand, the effects generated in biological tissues are strongly associated with implant geometry features. This biomechanical approach could provide a promising strategy for predicting micro-strains and micromotion in implant system pieces and geometries. Hence, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the biomechanics spectrum in the behavior of dental implant systems and emphasize the importance of carefully selecting appropriate material systems for accurate patient-specific biomechanical performance.
Development of Prevascularized Synthetic Block Graft for Maxillofacial Reconstruction
Authors: Buranawat Borvornwut , Shaalan Abeer , Garna Devy F. , Di Silvio Lucy
Published: January 2025

Cranio-maxillofacial bone reconstruction, especially for large defects, remains challenging. Synthetic biomimetic materials are emerging as alternatives to autogenous grafts. Tissue engineering aims to create natural tissue-mimicking materials, with calcium phosphate-based scaffolds showing promise for bone regeneration applications. This study developed a porous calcium metaphosphate (CMP) scaffold with physicochemical properties mimicking natural bone, aiming to create a prevascularized synthetic bone graft. The scaffold, fabricated using sintered monocalcium phosphate with poly (vinyl alcohol) as a porogen, exhibited pore sizes ranging from 0 to 400 μm, with the highest frequency between 80 and 100 μm. The co-culture of endothelial cells (ECs) with human alveolar osteoblasts (aHOBs) on the scaffold led to the formation of tube-like structures and intrinsic VEGF release, reaching 10,455.6 pg/mL This level approached the optimal dose for vascular formation. Conversely, the co-culture with mesenchymal stem cells did not yield similar results. Combining ECs and aHOBs in the CMP scaffold offers a promising approach to developing prevascularized grafts for cranio-maxillofacial reconstruction. This innovative strategy can potentially enhance vascularization in large tissue-engineered constructs, addressing a critical limitation in current bone regeneration techniques. The prevascularized synthetic bone graft developed in this study could significantly improve the success rate of maxillofacial reconstructions, offering a viable alternative to autogenous grafts.
Improving Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Operational Reliability Through Cabin-Based Fuzzy Control in Costal Standalone Observation Systems in Antarctica
Authors: Wang Jin , Dou Yinke , Zuo Guangyu , Fan Bo , Xing Yuru
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen energy generation plays a crucial role in enhancing the utilization of clean energy at coastal stations with abundant wind and solar resources in Antarctica. In response to the reliable demand for the application of hydrogen fuel cells in standalone observation systems in Antarctica, in this research, a power supply scheme based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is introduced. Transient models of the PEMFC are developed, and the optimum operational and environmental conditions are determined through experimental investigations conducted at low temperatures. Based on the findings, a PEMFC-based power supply system is designed, encompassing a fuel cell stack, a measurement and control system, and an operation cabin. A temperature-coordinated control system leveraging a BP neural network, fuzzy logic rules, and the fuzzy-based active disturbance rejection control (Fuzzy-ADRC) strategy are proposed to ensure that the temperature of the PEMFC and cabin can reach the optimal state rapidly and that the output voltage is stable. The results indicate that the stack temperature reaches the specified value more rapidly than with PID and ADRC control methods when the current loading and changes in the ambient temperature are considered, and the output voltage oscillation amplitude can be more effectively minimized. This research provides preliminary guidance for a reliable energy supply scheme for PEMFCs, especially in standalone observation systems in coastal locales.
Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Molecular Mechanism of Acetic Acid Increasing Monascus Pigment Production in Monascus ruber CICC41233
Authors: Wang Yan , Wu Weiwei , Wu Xiaoshu , Li Weiyu , Cui Jingjing , Long Chuannan
Published: January 2025

The addition of acetic acid to Monascus ruber cultures is usually used to inhibit the growth of heterotrophic bacteria; however, we found that acetic acid also promotes the growth of M. ruber CICC41233, as well as the synthesis of Monascus pigments (MPs). Compared with no acetic acid or HCl addition, the diameter of M. ruber CICC41233 colonies increased significantly under acetic acid conditions. On the sixth day of fermentation, the yield of total pigments in M. ruber increased significantly by 9.97 times (compared with no acetic acid) and 13.9 times (compared with hydrochloric acid). The transcriptomics data showed that the differentially expressed genes between M. ruber with acetic acid and without acetic acid were mainly involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, and that these differentially expressed genes were not involved in amino acid metabolism. Gene expression analysis showed that the relative expression levels of MP synthesis genes (MpPKS5, MppA, MpFasB, MppB, MppD, and MppR2) were significantly up-regulated under acetic acid conditions. This study clarified the metabolic mechanism of acetic acid promoting the growth of M. ruber and the synthesis of MPs, which provided some theoretical guidance for the large-scale production of MPs in the industry in future.
ESG Ratings and Financial Performance in the Global Hospitality Industry
Authors: Lu Kefan , Onuk Cagri Berk , Xia Yifei , Zhang Jianing
Published: January 2025

Existing research critically examines the influence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings on corporate financial performance (CFP), with outcomes varying considerably. This study employs a dataset of publicly traded firms across 16 countries within the hospitality sector from 2005 to 2022 to examine the ESG-CFP relationship. Fixed effects regression results demonstrate a positive linkage between ESG ratings and CFP, utilizing both comprehensive ESG ratings and discrete pillar ratings. These findings remain robust across various performance measures including return on assets, return on equity, and Tobin’s Q. Heteroscedasticity and endogeneity concerns are mitigated through generalized least squares and two-stage least squares methods, respectively. Moreover, the positive impact of ESG on CFP exhibits greater potency in the United States relative to other countries and was more pronounced during the COVID-19 era. These findings offer valuable insights for business executives, investors, and policymakers in supporting ESG initiatives, guiding investment decisions, and formulating effective policy directives.
Oil Shocks, US Uncertainty, and Emerging Corporate Bond Markets
Authors: Kwon Dohyoung
Published: January 2025

Using a structural VAR model, this paper investigates how oil price shocks and US uncertainty affect emerging market corporate bond returns. The key finding is that the response of emerging market corporate bond returns varies significantly depending on the underlying sources of oil price changes. Oil supply shocks generally have a negative impact on corporate bond returns, while aggregate demand and oil market-specific demand shocks lead to a temporary increase in returns, followed by a gradual fall. That is, when oil price increases are driven by stronger global economic activity or by speculative demand reflecting increased risk appetite, they can lead investors to search for higher yields in emerging markets, and thus raise corporate bond returns in the short term. Conversely, an unexpected rise in US uncertainty strengthens investors’ risk aversion and results in a substantial decline in emerging market corporate bond returns. These findings have crucial policy implications not only for portfolio strategies of global investors, but also for government authorities in emerging market economies.
Correction: Linh et al. Contested Living with/in the Boeng Chhmar Flooded Forests, Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia. Land 2022, 11, 2080
Authors: Linh Vu Thi Phuong , Shannon Kelly , De Meulder Bruno
Published: January 2025

Text Correction [...]
Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Coastal Wetland Landscape Patterns and Prediction Analysis—A Case Study of Panjin Wetland, China
Authors: Cheng Qian , Chen Ruixin , Xu Wei , Wang Meiqing
Published: January 2025

The Panjin Wetland is a complex ecosystem comprising coastal and inland wetland. It has an important function in wetland conservation and ecological. For this research, we quantified the landscape type changes in Panjin Wetland from 1992–2022, and analyzed the interaction between the combined PLUS and InVEST models to predict the future evolution of spatial and temporal patterns of habitat quality (HQ) and landscape patterns in Panjin Wetland. The results showed the following: (1) The change in natural wetland area from 1992 to 2022 generally showed a decreasing trend, the landscape patterns showed a trend of fragmentation. In 2032, the ecological protection scenarios showed an increase of 79.51 km2 of natural wetland, while the other scenarios showed a decrease. (2) In 2022, the average habitat quality score is 0.441, and in 2032, the average habitat quality scores in the natural development scenarios, farmland protection scenarios, ecological protection scenarios, and economic development scenarios are 0.427, 0.448, 0.438, and 0.416, respectively. (3) The outcomes of this study offer insights into the sustainable management and rational development of coastal wetland, thereby contributing to the existing body of knowledge in the field of coastal wetland research, particularly in the areas of land planning and forecasting.
Assessing the Public’s Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy Management in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Hsing-Chih , Lee Chun-Hung , Seekings Timothy Bernd Wallace , Nguyen Linh Bao
Published: January 2025

Renewable energy (RE) is one of the keys to achieving the global goal of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Understanding the factors influencing public participation behavior and social acceptance in RE management (REM) is thus essential to a sustainable energy transition embraced by communities and stakeholders. This study aims to assess nine indicators in REM across three dimensions of social acceptance through the public lens, employing an importance–performance analysis. Our findings reveal a significant gap between the perceived importance and performance of various REM components, suggesting dissatisfaction among respondents. Furthermore, the highest priority for improvement was given to the following strategies: “strengthening communication with residents”, “reducing air pollution emissions from power plants”, “establishing supervision and management mechanisms”, and “building smart grid and power storage equipment” to ensure successful implementation of REM policies. We also found that respondents who were under 50 years of age, lived in northern Taiwan, had a higher monthly income, and had a better awareness of social acceptance were more likely to participate in the energy transition. The insights gained from this study outline policy implications for improving the public’s social acceptance and advancing the development of RE in Taiwan, contributing to the world’s carbon-neutral mission.
Thermographic Scan of the Thoracolumbar Area in Dogs with Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion (IVDE): A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zaha Cristian , Cărpinișan Liliana , Schuszler Larisa , Paula Nistor , Căsălean Tudor , Florea Tiana , Cristina Văduva , Sicoe Bogdan , Rujescu Ciprian , Dascălu Roxana
Published: January 2025

Background: several authors have documented variations in local temperature in both horses and dogs presenting acute intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) along the entire spinal column. However, none have demonstrated distinct temperature differences between healthy animals and those with IVDE. A retrospective study was conducted to assess the efficacy of thermography at evaluating local temperature and thermal patterns in healthy dogs as well in those with IVDE across the T11–L3 area. Methods: the study included 20 healthy dogs and 32 dogs with IVDE. For both groups of dogs, the thoracolumbar region was trimmed and, subsequently, scanned using the Flir E50 thermography device. The Flir Tool software was used to analyze three designated areas (Bx1, Bx2, Bx3) within the thoracolumbar region by comparing the average temperature of the minimum, maximum, and mean temperature recordings between the two groups. Results: the thermal pattern and the local temperature of the thoracolumbar area present differences between healthy dogs and those with IVDE. Conclusions: we recommend thermographic scanning of the thoracolumbar area to find differences in local temperature between healthy dogs and those with intervertebral disc extrusion. Further investigations are required to differentiate between disc extrusion that exhibits lateralization to the right or left.
Regulation of LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via TLR4-Mediated NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways by Lactoferrin
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhang Ruizhen , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Min , Su Hong , Zhao Feifei , Wang Daqing , Cao Guifang , Zhang Yong
Published: January 2025

Lactoferrin (LF), a member of the transferrin family, is widely present in mammalian milk and other secretions, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-infective properties. Although the biological functions of LF have been extensively studied, there are few reports on its effects and molecular mechanisms concerning bovine mastitis caused by bacterial infection. This study used bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) cultured in vitro as the research model. An inflammatory injury model was established by stimulating BMECs with LPS to investigate whether LF at different concentrations (10, 50, 100, and 200 μg·mL−1) could inhibit the inflammatory response before and after the onset of inflammation. The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α at both the gene and protein levels was detected using RT-qPCR and ELISA. Western blotting was employed to evaluate the phosphorylation levels in the inflammatory signaling pathways MAPK/P38/ERK and NF-κB/P65, while RT-qPCR was used to examine the impact on TLR4 receptor gene expression. The results display that pretreatment with LF prior to LPS-induced inflammation in BMECs reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α at both the gene and protein levels (p < 0.05). LF also inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB/P65 and MAPK/P38/ERK signaling pathways and downregulated TLR4 receptor gene expression (p < 0.05). However, when LF was added after the onset of LPS-induced inflammation, inflammatory cytokine expression and phosphorylation levels in the NF-κB/P65 and MAPK/P38/ERK pathways remained elevated, along with high expression of the TLR4 receptor gene (p < 0.05). These findings show that LF can antagonize LPS-induced inflammatory responses in BMECs and reduce cytokine expression, exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects when administered before inflammation. Conversely, when LF is added post-inflammation, it appears to enhance cytokine expression, potentially promoting the recruitment of more cells or factors to resolve inflammation rapidly. Both effects are mediated through the TLR4 receptor and the NF-κB/P65 and MAPK/P38/ERK signaling pathways.
Impact of the Ketogenic Diet on Neurological Diseases: A Review
Authors: Rubio Carmen , López-Landa Alejandro , Romo-Parra Hector , Rubio-Osornio Moisés
Published: January 2025

Background: The ketogenic diet (KD), high in fat and low in carbohydrates, was introduced in the 1920s as a non-pharmacological treatment for refractory epilepsy. Although its mechanism of action is not fully understood, beneficial effects have been observed in neurological diseases such as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Objective: This review examines the impact of the ketogenic diet and its molecular and neuroglial effects as a complementary therapy for neurological diseases. Discussion: KD is associated with neuroprotective and antioxidant effects that improve mitochondrial function, regulate neurotransmitter flow, and reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Glial cells play an essential role in the utilization of ketone bodies (KBs) within the central nervous system’s metabolism, particularly during ketosis induced by the KD. Thus, the KD represents a broad and promising strategy that involves both neurons and glial cells, with a molecular impact on brain metabolism and neuroinflammatory homeostasis. Conclusion: Multiple molecular mechanisms have been identified to explain the benefits of the KD in neurological diseases; however, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to address various molecular pathways in order to achieve conclusive results.
The Relationship Between Arterial Stiffness and Circulating Lipids in Firefighters
Authors: Holland-Winkler Angelia M. , Ruiz Ramie Jonathan J. , Moore Andrew R. , Kohler Austin A.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Firefighters have an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus, it is vital to determine areas of health associated with the development of CVD that need improvement in the firefighter population, such as circulating lipids and arterial stiffness. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential relationship of lipid and lipoprotein metrics with measures of arterial stiffness in full-time firefighters in the southeastern United States. Methods: Twenty male full-time firefighters underwent a fasted blood draw to assess circulating lipids. Resting arterial stiffness was then assessed via pulse wave velocity (PWV) using an aortic measure. To determine the linear relationships between arterial stiffness and lipid measures of interest, a series of bivariate correlations were conducted as appropriate. The outcome variable was PWV measured continuously in m/s. The predictor variables were total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) measured in mg/dL. All analyses were carried out using SPSS version 29 (α = 0.05). Results: TG levels were positively and moderately correlated with PWV (rs = 0.497, p = 0.026). No other significant relationships were detected between PWV and the remaining variables TC (rs = 0.104, p = 0.664), HDL-C (rs = −0.328, p = 0.158), LDL-C (rs = 0.184, p = 0.436), or sdLDL-C (rs = 0.330, p = 0.155). Conclusion: Higher TG levels are associated with higher PWV and thus, arterial stiffness. Management of circulating TG may be an important consideration in maximizing arterial health and minimizing CVD risk.
Soluble IL-2R as a Marker of T Cell Activation in Immune-Mediated Diseases: Review and Case-Based Interpretation
Authors: Oportus Josefa , Hojman Lía , Gonzalez Vicente , Karsulovic Claudio
Published: January 2025

The soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) is a novel biomarker associated with a variety of immune-mediated diseases. It is produced through the proteolytic cleavage of the membrane-bound interleukin-2 receptor α-chain on activated T lymphocytes; hence, its increase reflects T-cell activation and immune dysregulation. Elevated sIL-2R levels are frequently documented in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, relapsing polychondritis, histiocytosis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, lymphomas, and graft-versus-host disease, suggesting a potential role in monitoring disease activity and progression. However, sIL-2R levels may increase in the context of immune response to infections and malignancies, requiring careful interpretation. It is essential to determine whether elevated levels of this marker within specific ranges could suggest a specific entity, due to the implications this may have for the management of patients. This case-based review presents five patients with different immune-mediated diseases, highlighting how these different conditions can present with characteristic ranges of sIL-2R elevation. By integrating clinical findings with sIL-2R measurements, we emphasize the biomarker’s utility in guiding diagnosis, as well as monitoring disease activity and determining prognosis, which can enhance clinical decision-making and patient management in rheumatology and related fields.
Effect of Inert Gas Cover on the Static and Fatigue Behavior of AA6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Spot Lap-Shear Welds
Authors: Alkhafaji Amir , Camas Daniel , Al-Asadi Hayder
Published: January 2025

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) technology relies on the generation of frictional heat during the rotation of the welding tool in contact with the workpiece as well as the stirring effect of the tool pin to produce solid-state spot joints, especially for lightweight materials. Although FSSW offers significant advantages over traditional fusion welding, the oxidation of the interfacial bond line remains one of the most challenging issues, affecting the quality and strength of the joint under both static and cyclic loading conditions. In this experimental study, inert argon gas was employed to surround the joint, aiming to prevent or minimize the formation of the interfacial oxides. Two welding processes were conducted with identical welding process parameters and welding tool geometry: the conventional process and another that employs an inert gas cover. Micrographs of as-welded specimens were analyzed using a computerized optical microscope to characterize the interfacial bond lines and an energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS) was used to quantify the interfacial oxides. Specimens from both welding conditions were tested under static and cyclic loads to investigate the static and fatigue behaviors, respectively. The fatigue tested specimens were examined under different load levels to investigate the fatigue crack behavior and the modes of failure at low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue conditions. The optical micrographs showed significant improvement in bond line morphologies (33% enlarged fully bonded area) and both static and fatigue strengths (35% reduced partially bonded area) when the inert gas cover was used. The EDS analysis revealed a maximum reduction of the interfacial oxide of 41% in the bond line achieved in the argon-surrounded joints compared to specimens of the conventional welding process. Accordingly, an improvement of 14% in the static strength was reached, along with 60% and 26% in the fatigue strengths at low- and high-cycle fatigue conditions, respectively.
Quaternion Fractional Fourier Transform: Bridging Signal Processing and Probability Theory
Authors: Samad Muhammad Adnan , Xia Yuanqing , Siddiqui Saima , Bhat Muhammad Younus , Urynbassarova Didar , Urynbassarova Altyn
Published: January 2025

The one-dimensional quaternion fractional Fourier transform (1DQFRFT) introduces a fractional-order parameter that extends traditional Fourier transform techniques, providing new insights into the analysis of quaternion-valued signals. This paper presents a rigorous theoretical foundation for the 1DQFRFT, examining essential properties such as linearity, the Plancherel theorem, conjugate symmetry, convolution, and a generalized Parseval’s theorem that collectively demonstrate the transform’s analytical power. We further explore the 1DQFRFT’s unique applications to probabilistic methods, particularly for modeling and analyzing stochastic processes within a quaternionic framework. By bridging quaternionic theory with probability, our study opens avenues for advanced applications in signal processing, communications, and applied mathematics, potentially driving significant advancements in these fields.
A Method for Detecting Overlapping Protein Complexes Based on an Adaptive Improved FCM Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Wang Caixia , Wang Rongquan , Jiang Kaiying
Published: January 2025

A protein complex can be regarded as a functional module developed by interacting proteins. The protein complex has attracted significant attention in bioinformatics as a critical substance in life activities. Identifying protein complexes in protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks is vital in life sciences and biological activities. Therefore, significant efforts have been made recently in biological experimental methods and computing methods to detect protein complexes accurately. This study proposed a new method for PPI networks to facilitate the processing and development of the following algorithms. Then, a combination of the improved density peaks clustering algorithm (DPC) and the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm (FCM) was proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional FCM algorithm. In other words, the rationality of results obtained using the FCM algorithm is closely related to the selection of cluster centers. The objective function of the FCM algorithm was redesigned based on ‘high cohesion’ and ‘low coupling’. An adaptive parameter-adjusting algorithm was designed to optimize the parameters of the proposed detection algorithm. This algorithm is denoted as the DFPO algorithm (DPC-FCM Parameter Optimization). Finally, the performance of the DFPO algorithm was evaluated using multiple metrics and compared with over ten state-of-the-art protein complex detection algorithms. Experimental results indicate that the proposed DFPO algorithm exhibits improved detection accuracy compared with other algorithms.
Line Spreads That Produce Projective Planes
Authors: Van Maldeghem Hendrik
Published: January 2025

We explicitly classify those line spreads of projective 5-space over a field that have the property that the given spread induces a spread in the 3-space generated by any pair of spread lines. We determine their fix groups and conclude that there exist such spreads with a trivial fix group. Also, we characterise regular line spreads among all line spreads of projective 3-space by their projectivity group and also by a weakening of the regularity condition.
Chaotic Dynamics Analysis and FPGA Implementation Based on Gauss Legendre Integral
Authors: Wen Li , Cui Li , Lin Hairong , Yu Fei
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we first design the corresponding integration algorithm and matlab program according to the Gauss–Legendre integration principle. Then, we select the Lorenz system, the Duffing system, the hidden attractor chaotic system and the Multi-wing hidden chaotic attractor system for chaotic dynamics analysis. We apply the Gauss–Legendre integral and the Runge–Kutta algorithm to the solution of dissipative chaotic systems for the first time and analyze and compare the differences between the two algorithms. Then, we propose for the first time a chaotic basin of the attraction estimation method based on the Gauss–Legendre integral and Lyapunov exponent and the decision criterion of this method. This method can better obtain the region of chaotic basin of attraction and can better distinguish the attractor and pseudo-attractor, which provides a new way for chaotic system analysis. Finally, we use FPGA technology to realize four corresponding chaotic systems based on the Gauss–Legendre integration algorithm.