bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicações da telemedicina no cenário da pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Uesugi Juliana Hiromi Emin , Fernandes Caroline Ferreira , Silva Jonatan Carlos Cardoso da , Martins Hadassa Hanna Soares , Trindade Eliane Leite da , Ferreira Lucas Araújo
Published: January 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as aplicações da telemedicina no atual cenário da pandemia de COVID-19 com enfoque no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico acerca dos impactos positivos e negativos do uso da telemedicina na atualidade. A literatura foi obtida das plataformas SciELO, ResearchGate, PubMed e World Wide Science. A telemedicina pode se tornar uma ferramenta fundamental para garantir a universalização da saúde, pois possibilita que consultas e atendimentos especializados sejam realizados de maneira remota, reduzindo custos com deslocamento e ampliando o acesso à saúde pela população. Com as medidas de segurança impostas com a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, a telessaúde se tornou uma opção viável, pois evita a exposição de indivíduos ao vírus nas unidades de saúde. Apesar disso, existem desafios relacionados à sua utilização, como o alto custo, a resistência de profissionais de saúde e pacientes, as desigualdades regionais e a falta de profissionais qualificados. Portanto, cabe refletir acerca da aplicabilidade da telemedicina no atual cenário brasileiro. Embora existam algumas dificuldades quanto à adesão da telemedicina no país, é evidente que ela traz muitos benefícios para os sistemas de saúde. Com o aumento dos investimentos em todas as regiões brasileiras de acordo com as suas necessidades, a telemedicina poderá solucionar desafios recorrentes no sistema de saúde, a partir da ampliação da cobertura de serviços especializados, melhoria da qualidade da atenção, redução do tempo de diagnóstico e terapia e diminuição de custos com deslocamento.
Árvores de florestas urbanas: uma ótica ecológica para uma gestão promotora e mantenedora da biodiversidade na cidade
Authors: Osako Luciano Katsumy , Brito Lucilene , Silva Paulo Antonio
Published: January 2022

A urbanização representa uma ameaça à biodiversidade, já que a área construída difere substancialmente do ambiente natural. Portanto, é necessário produzir dados ecológicos para uma gestão urbana mais conservacionista, i.e., que objetiva promover e manter a biodiversidade. Nesse sentido, realizamos uma documentação arbórea em 10 áreas florestais urbanas, i.e., reflorestamentos, florestas regeneradas e remanescentes de Mata Atlântica Estacional Semidecidual, de Presidente Prudente, oeste do estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Usando o método de ponto-quadrante, bem como diferentes índices de diversidade, constatamos uma considerável riqueza e diversidade de espécies arbóreas nativas em reflorestamentos, sobretudo em remanescentes. Em um desses remanescentes há inclusive uma espécie arbórea ameaçada de extinção. Contudo, há florestas regeneradas cujas árvores são de uma única espécie exótica, a qual tem atributos de invasora. O estado fitossanitário de muitas dessas árvores sugere um proeminente potencial de alastramento. Os remanescentes de florestas urbanas são referências prioritárias para ações de conservação voltadas a promover e manter biodiversidade na cidade.
Superação de dormência em sementes de Senna spectabilis (DC) H. S. Irwin & Barneby
Authors: Barbosa Jessia Elem Cunha , Lira Neto Abel Barbosa , De Souza Santos Daniel , Porto Lopes Esmeralda Aparecida , De Lima Mendes Gabrielle , Silva de Souza Giselle , Santos João Lucas Cavalcante , Neves Jhonatan David dos Santos das , Santos Leonardo da Silva , Costa Millena Duarte , Barros Rubens Pessoa de , Mendoça de Araujo Stephany Flávia , Xavier Tamara da Nascimento , Santos Thaíse da Silva , Almeida Thalyta Maria dos Santos
Published: January 2022

A Senna spectabilis (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae) é uma espécie arbórea que ocorre no norte de Minas Gerais e Nordeste brasileiro, presente em formações de caatinga com solos profundos e drenados. Possui importância econômica como madeireira, medicina caseira, planta ornamental, restauração florestal, sistemas agroflorestais e forrageira. O estudo objetivou-se conhecer o efeito dos Microrganismos Eficientes (EM) em diferentes diluições na quebra de dormência na germinação de sementes da Senna spectabilis. Para a execução do trabalho os frutos foram coletados no Bosque das Arapiracas, em Arapiraca, e em seguida foram levados para o Laboratório de Recursos Florestais no Polo Tecnológico Agroalimentar, onde realizou-se o teste de germinação. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado –DIC feito em quatro tratamentos e 5 repetições. Onde T1 é o controle/testemunha com 100% de água destilada; T2 – com 2% de bokashi+ água destilada; T3 – com 3% de bokashi + água destilada e T4 – com 4% de bokashi + água destilada. Após os tratamentos as sementes foram colocadas para germinar em câmara de germinação (BOD). Os dados foram coletados e registrados em uma planilha do Excel para análise de IE e IVE. As sementes de S. spectabilis semeadas em bokashi a 4% obtiveram um bom índice de germinação e de velocidade de germinação. O tratamento que obteve melhor resultado foi o T4, seguido pelo T2 e o Tratamento 3 com bokashi a 3% teve o maior índice de morte das sementes. O experimento confirmou que é possível quebrar a dormência das sementes utilizando método de quebra com EM.
KUALITAS COOKIES DENGAN KOMBINASI TEPUNG SINGKONG (Manihot utilissima), TEPUNG AMPAS TAHU, DAN TEPUNG KECAMBAH KACANG HIJAU (Phaseolus radiatus L.)
Authors:   Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Teknobiologi, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Indonesia, Engko Sara Putri , Pranata Franciscus Sinung ,   Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Teknobiologi, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Indonesia, Swasti Yuliana Reni ,   Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas Teknobiologi, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Cookies merupakan salah satu dari beberapa produk pangan yang dibuat dengan bahan dasar tepung terigu. Tepung singkong, tepung kecambah kacang hijau, dan tepung ampas tahu digunakan dalam pembuatan cookies sebagai bahan dasar guna meningkatkan kualitas kimia, fisik, dan mikrobiologis dari produk cookies. Penelitian ini menggunakan sistem rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan menggunakan empat variasi kombinasi tepung singkong, tepung kecambah kacang hijau, dan tepung ampas tahu (100 : 0 : 0, 70 : 3 : 27, 60 : 6 : 34, 50 : 9 : 41). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah produk cookies dengan kombinasi tepung singkong, tepung kecambah kacang hijau, dan tepung ampas tahu memiliki kadar air 4,84 % - 5,61 %; kadar abu 2 % - 2,6 %; kadar protein 3,509 % - 6,878 %; kadar lemak 24,75 % - 27 %; kadar karbohidrat 58,926 % - 63,553 %; kadar serat kasar 12,2 % - 16 %; kadar serat larut 3,55 % - 9,85 %; tekstur 1168,25 N/mm2 – 5230,75 N/mm2; Warna cookies sumber cahaya; serta uji mikrobiologis berupa perhitungan angka lempeng total dan angka kapang khamir yang telah memenuhi SNI cookies. Cookies dengan perlakuan 70 : 3 : 27 merupakan perlakuan dengan kualitas yang paling baik.
KUALITAS SELAI LEMBARAN KOMBINASI UMBI BIT MERAH (Beta vulgaris L. var. rubra L.) DAN EKSTRAK PEKTIN DAMI NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.)
Authors:   Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Indonesia, Paramita Intan Diah , Pranata Franciscus Sinung ,   Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Indonesia, Swasti Yuliana Reni ,   Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Dami nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) merupakan sumber pektin yang berpotensi dalam pembentukan gel selai lembaran dengan dikombinasikan bersama umbi bit merah (Beta vulgaris L. var rubra L.), sehingga menghasilkan selai lembaran yang menarik. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi umbi bit merah dan ekstrak pektin dami nangka terhadap kualitas (kimia, fisik, mikrobiologi, dan organoleptik), serta menentukan kombinasi umbi bit merah dan ekstrak pektin dami nangka yang tepat untuk menghasilkan selai lembaran kualitas terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi umbi bit merah dan ekstrak pektin dami nangka memberi pengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, abu, serat kasar, serat larut, pektin, total padatan terlarut, total asam tertitrasi, analisis tekstur, serta memberi pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata terhadap analisis warna, analisis mikrobiologi meliputi angka lempeng total (ALT) dan kapang khamir. Selai lembaran dengan kombinasi umbi bit merah berbanding ekstrak pektin dami nangka 70 : 82,5 merupakan kualitas terbaik dengan karakteristik kimia meliputi kadar air 8,27%, abu 1,47%, serat kasar 2,35%, serat larut 6,37%, pektin 1,43%, total padatan terlarut 83,10%, total asam tertitrasi 0,82%, karakteristik fisik meliputi tekstur sebesar 542,17 g dan dihasilkan selai lembaran berwarna merah muda. Karakteristik mikrobiologi meliputi ALT sebesar 1,79 logCFU/gram, kapang khamir 1,46 logCFU/gram dan sebagian besar telah memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia.
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN DERAJAT KEASAMAN MINUMAN SARI BUAH PEDADA (Sonneratia sp.) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN NATRIUM BENZOAT
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Baiturrahim Indonesia, Dari Dini Wulan , Alfiatul Luluk ,   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Baiturrahim Indonesia, Junita Dini ,   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Baiturrahim Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Salah satu mangrove yang dimanfaatkan buahnya adalah buah pedada (sonneratia sp.). Buah pedada sudah banyak diteliti dan memiliki nilai gizi yang tinggi, namun buah pedada memiliki rasa yang asam. Altenatif untuk memanfaatkan nilai gizi buah pedada dengan pengolahan sederhana seperti minuman sari buah yang ditambah dengan natrium benzoat. Tujuan peneltian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan natrium benzoat terhadap karakteristik kimia pada minuman sari buah pedada (Sonneratia sp.). Penelitian ini merupakan desain eksperimen atau perlakuan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Karakteristik kimia diuji dengan analisis proksimat (karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serat, kadar air dan kadar abu) serta pH atau derajat keasaman dengan pH meter. Karakteristik kimia dianalisis deskriptif murni. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei-Agustus 2020. Uji karakteristik kimia dilakukan di Laboratorium Perternakan Fakultas Perternakan Universitas Jambi. Karakteristik kimia minuman sari buah pedada formulasi terpilih PN2 (natrium benzoat 0,04%) mengandung karbohidrat 70,61%, protein 2,15%, kadar lemak 3,36%, kadar serat 0,08%, kadar air 21,71%, kadar abu 2,16%, pH 1,66 kategori asam.
PENGARUH PROPORSI LESITIN DAN SUSU SKIM SEBAGAI EMULSIFIER TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK HARD CANDY TOFFEE
Authors:   Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Indonesia, Siswanto Catharina Jenny Swanthika , Ristiarini Susana ,   Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Indonesia, Suseno Thomas Indarto Putut ,   Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh proporsi lesitin dan susu skim terhadap sifat fisikokimia dan sensoris hard candy toffee. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan satu faktor, yaitu konsentrasi lesitin dan konsentrasi susu skim (P) yang terdiri atas tujuh taraf: 0,7:0% (P1); 0,6:0,1% (P2); 0,5:0,2% (P3); 0,4:0,3% (P4); 0,3:0,4% (P5); 0,2:0,6% (P6); dan 0,1:0,6% (P7) dan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Parameter pengujian meliputi kadar air, kestabilan emulsi, tekstur (kekerasan dan daya patah), warna dan kesukaan yang meliputi warna, tekstur, dan rasa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Analysis of Variance (Anova) pada α=5%. Apabila terdapat perbedaan nyata antar perlakuan, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada α=5%. Hasil penelitian kadar air hard candy toffee 0,68-3,06; tingkat kekerasan 7.952-16.421 g.Force; nilai lightness 44,02-55,63; nilai chroma 10,93-17,50; dan nilai ohue 51,78-56,16. Proporsi lesitin dan susu skim terbaik berdasarkan organoleptik adalah P6 (4,89) yang berarti netral hingga agak suka.
STUDY ON SUBSTITUTION OF Moringa Oleifera FLOUR AND BREADFRUIT FLOUR (Artocarpus altilis) IN MAKING SUPPLEMENTARY FOODS FOR PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors:   Universitas Kusuma Husada Surakarta Indonesia, Setyaningsih Aryanti
Published: January 2022

This research aims to determine the organoleptic properties and nutritional value of the biskuit formulation by substituting Moringa leaf flour and breadfruit flour as a modified form of PMT biskuits for pregnant women. The breadfruit flour which has a high carbohydrate and fiber content and moringa flour have rich in iron can be used in substituting biskuits as supplementary food for pregnant women. This study used a completely randomized design with four variations of biskuit formulation with breadfruit and moringa flour substitutions, namely F0 (kontrol), F1 (20 g moringa flour: 40 g breadfruit flour), F2 (15 g moringa flour: 30 g flour. breadfruit), F3 (10 g moringa flour: 20 g breadfruit flour). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Mann Whitney at the 95% confidence level (α: 0.05). The results showed that difference based on the supplementary food biskuit formulation of pregnant women with Moringa leaf flour and breadfruit flour on color, aroma, texture, and taste. The results of the organoleptic test on biskuits showed that F0 was the most preferred in terms of color, taste, aroma, and texture. The higher of moringa flour and breadfruit flour substitution , the lower the overall preference for the resulting biskuits. Based on the results of the proximate biskuit test, it is known that the F1 formulation has the highest energy content, protein content, fat content, ash content, and iron content compared to other formulations. The water content and carbohydrate content of F1 formulation biskuits had the lowest levels.
THE EFFECT OF EGGPLANT JUICE TO THE THICKNESS OF AORTIC WALL IN WHITE RAT
Authors:   Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya Indonesia, Dwijayanti Ira
Published: January 2022

Atherosclerosis is a complex chronic disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids within arterial walls. Delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroylrutinoside)-5-glucoside (nasunin), an anthocyanin, was isolated as purple-colored crystals from eggplant peels. Nasunin protection against induced lipid peroxidation in rat. The aim of study was to determine the effect of eggplant juice to the thickness of aortic wall of white rat with atherogenic diet. This true experimental laboratoric study using control group post test design performed in white rat that placed in pharmacologic laboratory of Brawijaya University. Sampling was carried out by completely random sampling with 25 rats for the total sample. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 16. Statistical test using one-way ANOVA and continuing with post hoc Tukey. The result showed there was a significant effect between positive control of diet atherogenic with the dosage I (1,3 gr/3 ml), dosage II (2,6 gr/3 ml), and dosage III (5,2 gr/3 ml) of eggplant juice to aorta wall thickness (p=0,000;p<0,05) . We can conclude that the effective dosage of eggplant juice for reducing the progression of aortic wall thickening is dosage III (5,2 gr/3 ml).
PEMANFAATAN COFFEE HUSK DENGAN PENAMBAHAN KULIT BUAH DURIAN SEBAGAI COFFEE HUSK LEATHER
Authors:   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Indonesia, Keizha Evan , Surjoseputro Sutarjo ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Indonesia, Setijawaty Erni ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditi yang tingkat produksinya di Indonesia sangat tinggi, sehingga menempatkan Indonesia sebagai produsen kopi terbesar nomor empat di dunia. Produksi kopi yang tinggi akan menyebabkan limbah hasil samping pengolahan kopi juga meningkat. Salah satu limbah yang dihasilkan adalah coffee husk. Pemanfaatan Coffee husk dalam bidang pangan masih sangat terbatas sehingga memberikan peluang untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi produk fruit leather. Fruit leather merupakan salah satu jenis produk olahan pangan yang berasal dari bubur daging buah yang dikeringkan hingga kadar air berkisar 10-15%. Leather dengan bahan 100% coffee husk tidak dapat membentuk tekstur yang kenyal karena pembentukan gel yang tidak kokoh akibat kandungan pektin pada coffee husk yang hanya sebesar 1.6% sehingga untuk memperbaiki tekstur leather tersebut ditambahkan pektin dari bubur kulit buah durian. Kulit buah durian memiliki kandungan pektin sebesar 9.16%. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Non Faktorial yang terdiri dari satu faktor yaitu penambahan bubur kulit buah durian dengan konsentrasi (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, dan 60%) dan diulang sebanyak 4 (empat) kali. Parameter yang diuji meliputi sifat fisikokimia (kadar air, tekstur, pH, dan warna) dan sifat organoleptik (kesukaan terhadap tekstur, warna, dan rasa). Perbedaan konsentrasi penambahan bubur kulit buah durian yang semakin banyak menghasilkan peningkatan pH (3,39 – 3,49), peningkatan kadar air (9,08 – 13,45), penurunan aktivitas air (0,60 – 0,56), peningkatan nilai gumminess (31,13 – 736,61). Rentang nilai lightness (25,88 – 31,59), chroma (2,40 – 8,98), dan hue (179,89° - 12,95°). Perlakuan terbaik dipilih berdasarkan uji organoleptik dengan metode spider web adalah konsentrasi penambahan kulit buah durian sebesar 40%.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK SELAI KOPI DENGAN CARRIER LABU KUNING (Curcubita moschata Duchesne)
Authors:   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya Indonesia, Handoyo Alvina , Suseno Thomas Indarto Putut ,   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Selai merupakan produk pangan berbahan dasar buah yang ditambahkan air dan gula dan diproses hingga diperoleh konsistensi sesuai. Kopi adalah bahan yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat selai. Produktivitas kopi di Indonesia tinggi namun konsumsinya masih sangat rendah. Perlu ditambahkan carrier dan pengental agar diperoleh karakteristik fisik selai yang diinginkan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan Labu kuning (Curcubita moschata Duchesne) sebagai carrier dan Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) sebagai pengental. CMC memiliki rentang pH yang cukup luas, yaitu 3-11 dengan pH optimum 5-10 sehingga dapat digunakan pada selai kopi yang memiliki pH 5-6. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi CMC terhadap sifat fisikokimia dan organoleptik selai kopi. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan satu faktor, yaitu konsentrasi CMC, yaitu 0,60% (P1); 0,90% (P2); 1,20% (P3); 1,50% (P4); 1,80% (P5); 2,10% (P6) dari berat bubur buah. Pengulangan dilakukan sebanyak empat kali. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh dengan menghitung luas segitiga dari parameter Aw, rasa, aroma, mouthfeel. Parameter lain yang diuji yaitu daya oles, viskositas, sineresis, dan warna. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui ada pengaruh konsentrasi CMC terhadap sifat fisikokimia dan organoleptik selai kopi dengan carrier labu kuning. Peningkatan konsentrasi CMC menyebabkan penurunan Aw, daya oles dan sineresis serta peningkatan viskositas. Rata-rata kesukaan konsumen terhadap rasa 3,82-4,11, mouthfeel 4,28-4,82, aroma 4,24-5,14 dengan skala skor 1-7. Perlakuan terbaik dengan luas segitiga 68,0353, Aw 0,930, daya oles 24,91 cm2, viskositas 9442,25 cP, sineresis 5,06-12,53%, tingkat kesukaan panelis terhadap rasa agak tidak suka, mouthfeel netral, aroma agak suka adalah selai dengan konsentrasi CMC 0,60%.
BUSINESS RISK IN TIMES OF ECONOMIC RECESSION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: HORÁK JAKUB , DLOUHÝ PAVEL
Published: January 2022

The issue of business risk in times of recession or growth is very topical in these times. The Czech Republic and its neighboring countries are currently struggling with the economic problems caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of the paper is to analyze the number of insolvency petitions in the Czech Republic from the years 2010–2020 and to compare them with each other. The data source are data from publicly available resources from the Creditreform group and also from the CRIF database of the Cribis platform. First were created tables for the Agriculture and Forestry, Manufacturing, Construction and Transport sectors. Data for the relevant years were added to them from the aforementioned resources. Then was created a line chart for each industry. Using time series analysis and comparison, we analyze and compare the development of insolvencies. At the same time, we use causal analysis to find out why there were high numbers of insolvencies in the given years. We are also looking at which sectors were hit hardest during the insolvency crisis, when they were hit hardest, how they did in times of economic growth and how they should adapt to the next possible crisis. During the Great Recession, the construction sector was hit the hardest, and then the transport sector also suffered greatly. The largest numbers of insolvencies can be observed in 2012. At a time of economic growth, which began in 2014, the numbers of insolvencies fell in all sectors analyzed, but mostly in agriculture and forestry and transport. Businesses in the sectors analyzed can adapt to the next crisis by creating larger cash reserves or changing, for example, crop production or transport by temporarily reducing fares to attract new customers. We see the benefit of this work in the analysis of the number of insolvencies in the given sectors, which has not been recorded in almost any academic papers. We also see a benefit in determining the conditions for how companies can prevent another crisis.
Application of Nucleic Acid Frameworks in the Construction of Nanostructures and Cascade Biocatalysts: Recent Progress and Perspective
Authors: Zhu Gan , Song Ping , Wu Jing , Luo Minglan , Chen Zhipeng , Chen Tingjian
Published: January 2022

Nucleic acids underlie the storage and retrieval of genetic information literally in all living organisms, and also provide us excellent materials for making artificial nanostructures and scaffolds for constructing multi-enzyme systems with outstanding performance in catalyzing various cascade reactions, due to their highly diverse and yet controllable structures, which are well determined by their sequences. The introduction of unnatural moieties into nucleic acids dramatically increased the diversity of sequences, structures, and properties of the nucleic acids, which undoubtedly expanded the toolbox for making nanomaterials and scaffolds of multi-enzyme systems. In this article, we first introduce the molecular structures and properties of nucleic acids and their unnatural derivatives. Then we summarized representative artificial nanomaterials made of nucleic acids, as well as their properties, functions, and application. We next review recent progress on constructing multi-enzyme systems with nucleic acid structures as scaffolds for cascade biocatalyst. Finally, we discuss the future direction of applying nucleic acid frameworks in the construction of nanomaterials and multi-enzyme molecular machines, with the potential contribution that unnatural nucleic acids may make to this field highlighted.
Surface Modification of Polycaprolactone Scaffold With Improved Biocompatibility and Controlled Growth Factor Release for Enhanced Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Qin Xiaoyan , Wu Yixin , Liu Shuang , Yang Lei , Yuan Hongxia , Cai Susu , Flesch Julia , Li Zehao , Tang Yujing , Li Xiaomin , Zhuang Yi , You Changjiang , Liu Chaoyong , Yu Changyuan
Published: January 2022

Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been widely used as a scaffold material for tissue engineering. Reliable applications of the PCL scaffolds require overcoming their native hydrophobicity and obtaining the sustained release of signaling factors to modulate cell growth and differentiation. Here, we report a surface modification strategy for electrospun PCL nanofibers using an azide-terminated amphiphilic graft polymer. With multiple alkylation and pegylation on the side chains of poly-L-lysine, stable coating of the graft polymer on the PCL nanofibers was achieved in one step. Using the azide-alkyne “click chemistry”, we functionalized the azide-pegylated PCL nanofibers with dibenzocyclooctyne-modified nanocapsules containing growth factor, which rendered the nanofiber scaffold with satisfied cell adhesion and growth property. Moreover, by specific immobilization of pH-responsive nanocapsules containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), controlled release of active BMP-2 from the PCL nanofibers was achieved within 21 days. When bone mesenchyme stem cells were cultured on this nanofiber scaffold, enhanced ossification was observed in correlation with the time-dependent release of BMP-2. The established surface modification can be extended as a generic approach to hydrophobic nanomaterials for longtime sustainable release of multiplex signaling proteins for tissue engineering.
Importance of Neighborhood Aspect Ratio and Storm Climate to Adaptation Efforts to Reduce Coastal Flood Mortality
Authors: Zhang Fanglin , Orton Philip M.
Published: January 2022

Low-lying Coastal Landfill Neighborhoods (CLaNs) often have a large aspect ratio, defined here as the coastline length divided by neighborhood width, due to the common practice of reclaiming fringing wetlands along tidal waterways. Flood risk reduction for CLaNs frequently involves elevated barriers, in the form of berms, seawalls, or levees, which reduce risk but cannot completely eliminate residual risk (e.g., due to overtopping during extreme events). Managed retreat is an alternative approach for flood risk reduction, the general idea of which is to strategically ban development in hazard zones, relocate structures, and/or abandon land. This study aims at exploring the tradeoffs between elevated barriers and managed retreat in terms of both CLaN aspect ratio and storm climate, for both short-term and long-term risk reduction with sea-level rise. Hydrodynamic flood modeling of an idealized CLaN protected by different adaptation plans is used to simulate flood conditions and mortality for a range of storm surge amplitudes for both the present-day and under different sea-level rise scenarios. Results show that for a berm and a case of managed retreat of an equal cost, retreat becomes more beneficial than the berm in terms of mortality risk reduction for neighborhoods with a larger aspect ratio. The study also shows that berms are generally less effective for reducing mortality in regions with less common but higher intensity storms. This study reveals the potential of idealized modeling to provide fundamental insights on the physical factors influencing the efficacy of different adaptation strategies for mortality risk reduction.
Multi-Omics Characterization of Circular RNA-Encoded Novel Proteins Associated With Bladder Outlet Obstruction
Authors: Zhu Baoyi , Kang Zhanfang , Zhu Sihua , Zhang Yuying , Lai Xiangmao , Zhou Lilin , Huang Hai , Gao Xiaofeng , Jiang Chonghe , Zeng Jianwen
Published: January 2022

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is a common urologic disease associated with poorly understood molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the possible involvements of circRNAs (circular RNAs) and circRNA-encoded proteins in BOO development. The rat BOO model was established by the partial bladder outlet obstruction surgery. Differential expression of circRNA and protein profiles were characterized by deep RNA sequencing and iTRAQ quantitative proteomics respectively. Novel proteins encoded by circRNAs were predicted through ORF (open reading frame) selection using the GETORF software and verified by the mass spectrometry in proteomics, combined with the validation of their expressional alterations by quantitative RT-PCR. Totally 3,051 circRNAs were differentially expressed in bladder tissues of rat BOO model with widespread genomic distributions, including 1,414 up-regulated, and 1,637 down-regulated circRNAs. Our following quantitative proteomics revealed significant changes of 85 proteins in rat BOO model, which were enriched in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways such as the PPAR and Wnt pathways. Among them, 21 differentially expressed proteins were predicted to be encoded by circRNAs and showed consistent circRNA and protein levels in rat BOO model. The expression levels of five protein-encoding circRNAs were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR and mass spectrometry. The circRNA and protein profiles were substantially altered in rat BOO model, with great expressional changes of circRNA-encoded novel proteins.
Roles of Drosophila Hox Genes in the Assembly of Neuromuscular Networks and Behavior
Authors: Joshi Rohit , Sipani Rashmi , Bakshi Asif
Published: January 2022

Hox genes have been known for specifying the anterior-posterior axis (AP) in bilaterian body plans. Studies in vertebrates have shown their importance in developing region-specific neural circuitry and diversifying motor neuron pools. In Drosophila, they are instrumental for segment-specific neurogenesis and myogenesis early in development. Their robust expression in differentiated neurons implied their role in assembling region-specific neuromuscular networks. In the last decade, studies in Drosophila have unequivocally established that Hox genes go beyond their conventional functions of generating cellular diversity along the AP axis of the developing central nervous system. These roles range from establishing and maintaining the neuromuscular networks to controlling their function by regulating the motor neuron morphology and neurophysiology, thereby directly impacting the behavior. Here we summarize the limited knowledge on the role of Drosophila Hox genes in the assembly of region-specific neuromuscular networks and their effect on associated behavior.
Crucial Players for Inter-Organelle Communication: PI5P4Ks and Their Lipid Product PI-4,5-P2 Come to the Surface
Authors: Ravi Archna , Palamiuc Lavinia , Emerling Brooke M.
Published: January 2022

While organelles are individual compartments with specialized functions, it is becoming clear that organellar communication is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. This cooperation is carried out by various interactions taking place on the membranes of organelles. The membranes themselves contain a multitude of proteins and lipids that mediate these connections and one such class of molecules facilitating these relations are the phospholipids. There are several phospholipids, but the focus of this perspective is on a minor group called the phosphoinositides and specifically, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P2). This phosphoinositide, on intracellular membranes, is largely generated by the non-canonical Type II PIPKs, namely, Phosphotidylinositol-5-phosphate-4-kinases (PI5P4Ks). These evolutionarily conserved enzymes are emerging as key stress response players in cells. Further, PI5P4Ks have been shown to modulate pathways by regulating organelle crosstalk, revealing roles in preserving metabolic homeostasis. Here we will attempt to summarize the functions of the PI5P4Ks and their product PI-4,5-P2in facilitating inter-organelle communication and how they impact cellular health as well as their relevance to human diseases.
HAP2-Mediated Gamete Fusion: Lessons From the World of Unicellular Eukaryotes
Authors: Pinello Jennifer F. , Clark Theodore G.
Published: January 2022

Most, if not all the cellular requirements for fertilization and sexual reproduction arose early in evolution and are retained in extant lineages of single-celled organisms including a number of important model organism species. In recent years, work in two such species, the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and the free-living ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, have lent important new insights into the role of HAP2/GCS1 as a catalyst for gamete fusion in organisms ranging from protists to flowering plants and insects. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge around how mating types from these algal and ciliate systems recognize, adhere and fuse to one another, current gaps in our understanding of HAP2-mediated gamete fusion, and opportunities for applying what we know in practical terms, especially for the control of protozoan parasites.
Bioactivity of Inhaled Methane and Interactions With Other Biological Gases
Authors: Juhász László , Tallósy Szabolcs Péter , Nászai Anna , Varga Gabriella , Érces Dániel , Boros Mihály
Published: January 2022

A number of studies have demonstrated explicit bioactivity for exogenous methane (CH4), even though it is conventionally considered as physiologically inert. Other reports cited in this review have demonstrated that inhaled, normoxic air-CH4 mixtures can modulate the in vivo pathways involved in oxidative and nitrosative stress responses and key events of mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis. The overview is divided into two parts, the first being devoted to a brief review of the effects of biologically important gases in the context of hypoxia, while the second part deals with CH4 bioactivity. Finally, the consequence of exogenous, normoxic CH4 administration is discussed under experimental hypoxia- or ischaemia-linked conditions and in interactions between CH4 and other biological gases, with a special emphasis on its versatile effects demonstrated in pulmonary pathologies.
Infrared Spectra of Hydrogen-Bonded Molecular Complexes Under Spatial Confinement
Authors: Chołuj Marta , Luis Josep M. , Bartkowiak Wojciech , Zaleśny Robert
Published: January 2022

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is commonly used in chemical laboratories to study the geometrical structure of molecules and molecular complexes. The analysis of experimental IR spectra can nowadays be reliably supported by the results of quantum-chemical computations as vibrational frequencies and corresponding vibrational transition intensities are routinely calculated using harmonic approximation by virtually all quantum chemistry packages. In the present study we combine the methodology of computing vibrational spectra using high-level electron correlation treatments with an analytical potential-based approach to take into account spatial confinement effects. Using this approach, we perform a pioneering analysis of the impact of the spatial confinement caused by a cylindrical harmonic oscillator potential on the harmonic vibrational transition intensities and frequencies of two hydrogen-bonded complexes: HCN…HCN and HCN…HNC. The emphasis is put on the largest-intensity bands, which correspond to the stretching vibrations. The obtained results demonstrate that embedding the molecular complexes in an external confining potential causes significant changes of transition intensities and vibrational frequencies.
Electrocardiography Score for Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Non-ST Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Lin Wei-Chen , Hsiung Ming-Chon , Yin Wei-Hsian , Tsao Tien-Ping , Lai Wei-Tsung , Huang Kuan-Chih
Published: January 2022

Background: Few studies have characterized electrocardiography (ECG) patterns correlated with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).

Objectives: This study aims to develop ECG pattern-derived scores to predict LV systolic dysfunction in NSTE-ACS patients.

Methods: A total of 466 patients with NSTE-ACS were retrospectively enrolled. LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed by echocardiography within 72 h after the first triage ECG acquisition; there was no coronary intervention in between. ECG score was developed to predict LVEF < 40%. Performance of LVEF, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE), Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) and ECG scores to predict 24-month all-cause mortality were analyzed. Subgroups with varying LVEF, GRACE and TIMI scores were stratified by ECG score to identify patients at high risk of mortality.

Results: LVEF < 40% was present in 20% of patients. We developed the PQRST score by multivariate logistic regression, including poor R wave progression, QRS duration > 110 ms, heart rate > 100 beats per min, and ST-segment depression ≥ 1 mm in ≥ 2 contiguous leads, ranging from 0 to 6.5. The score had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.824 in the derivation cohort and 0.899 in the validation cohort for discriminating LVEF < 40%. A PQRST score ≥ 3 could stratify high-risk patients with LVEF ≥ 40%, GRACE score > 140, or TIMI score ≥ 3 regarding 24-month all-cause mortality.

Conclusions: The PQRST score could predict LVEF < 40% in NSTE-ACS patients and identify patients at high risk of mortality in the subgroups of patients with LVEF ≥ 40%, GRACE score > 140 or TIMI score ≥ 3.
Using Innovative Machine Learning Methods to Screen and Identify Predictors of Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Qu Yanji , Deng Xinlei , Lin Shao , Han Fengzhen , Chang Howard H. , Ou Yanqiu , Nie Zhiqiang , Mai Jinzhuang , Wang Ximeng , Gao Xiangmin , Wu Yong , Chen Jimei , Zhuang Jian , Ryan Ian , Liu Xiaoqing
Published: January 2022

Objective: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are associated with an extremely heavy global disease burden as the most common category of birth defects. Genetic and environmental factors have been identified as risk factors of CHDs previously. However, high volume clinical indicators have never been considered when predicting CHDs. This study aimed to predict the occurrence of CHDs by considering thousands of variables from self-reported questionnaires and routinely collected clinical laboratory data using machine learning algorithms.

Methods: We conducted a birth cohort study at one of the largest cardiac centers in China from 2011 to 2017. All fetuses were screened for CHDs using ultrasound and cases were confirmed by at least two pediatric cardiologists using echocardiogram. A total of 1,127 potential predictors were included to predict CHDs. We used the Explainable Boosting Machine (EBM) for prediction and evaluated the model performance using area under the Receive Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves (AUC). The top predictors were selected according to their contributions and predictive values. Thresholds were calculated for the most significant predictors.

Results: Overall, 5,390 mother-child pairs were recruited. Our prediction model achieved an AUC of 76% (69-83%) from out-of-sample predictions. Among the top 35 predictors of CHDs we identified, 34 were from clinical laboratory tests and only one was from the questionnaire (abortion history). Total accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.65, 0.74, and 0.65, respectively. Maternal serum uric acid (UA), glucose, and coagulation levels were the most consistent and significant predictors of CHDs. According to the thresholds of the predictors identified in our study, which did not reach the current clinical diagnosis criteria, elevated UA (>4.38 mg/dl), shortened activated partial thromboplastin time (<33.33 s), and elevated glucose levels were the most important predictors and were associated with ranges of 1.17-1.54 relative risks of CHDs. We have developed an online predictive tool for CHDs based on our findings that may help screening and prevention of CHDs.

Conclusions: Maternal UA, glucose, and coagulation levels were the most consistent and significant predictors of CHDs. Thresholds below the current clinical definition of “abnormal” for these predictors could be used to help develop CHD screening and prevention strategies.
Development Characteristics and Finite Element Simulation of Fractures in Tight Oil Sandstone Reservoirs of Yanchang Formation in Western Ordos Basin
Authors: Wang Shilin , Li Hu , Lin Lifei , Yin Shuai
Published: January 2022

Structural fractures have a significant control effect on the large-scale accumulation of hydrocarbons in the Yanchang Formation. Previous studies have affirmed the important role of fractures in hydrocarbon accumulations in strongly deformed zones. However, for low-amplitude structural areas, the degree of fracture development is relatively low, and their control on sweet spots of hydrocarbons has not yet formed a unified understanding. In this paper, taking the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the western Ordos Basin as an example, the development characteristics, prediction method, and the distribution of fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs in low-amplitude structural areas have been systematically studied using a large number of cores, thin sections, paleomagnetism, FMI logging, acoustic emission, productivity data, and finite element method. The research results showed that the Yanchang Formation in the study area mainly develop high-angle and vertical fractures, which were formed by regional tectonic shearing. Fractures are mainly developed in the fine-grained and ultra-fine-grained sandstones of the distributary channel and estuary bar microfacies, while the fractures in the medium-grained sandstones of the distributary channel and the mudstones of the distributary bay are relatively underdeveloped. The core fractures and micro-fractures of the Yanchang Formation all have the regional distribution characteristics, and the fracture strikes are mainly between NE50° and NE 70°. Moreover, the finite element method was used to predict the fractures in the target layer, and the prediction results are consistent with the actual distribution results of the fractures. The coupling analysis of fractures and tight oil sandstone distribution showed that the existence of fractures provided conditions for the accumulation of hydrocarbons in the Yanchang Formation. The confluence and turning areas of the river channels were repeatedly scoured by river water, and the rocks were brittle and easy to form fractures. The thickness of the fractured sandstone in these areas is usually greater than 0.4 m. Moderately developed fracture zones are prone to form hydrocarbon accumulation “sweet spots,” and the fracture indexes of these areas are usually distributed between 0.8 and 1.2. However, when the fracture index exceeds 1.2, over-developed fractures are unfavorable for the accumulation of hydrocarbons.
Case Report: Prophylactic Plate Fixation for Incomplete Atypical Ulnar Fractures Resulting From the Use of Denosumab for Bone Metastases
Authors: Murai Atsuro , Tada Kaoru , Nakajima Tadahiro , Akahane Mika , Matsuta Masashi , Nakamura Yuta , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: January 2022

Patients with bone metastases are treated with long-term bone resorption inhibitors such as bisphosphonates and denosumab. However, resorption inhibitors have been known to cause fractures, such as atypical femoral fractures (AFFs). In recent years, there have been an increasing number of reports of atypical ulna fractures (AUFs) caused by bone resorption inhibitor usage. Treatment of AUFs is complicated, especially when they occur in patients with bone metastases, because it is difficult to discontinue bone resorption inhibitor treatment without the risk of aggravating metastatic lesions. Prophylactic surgery is recommended in AFFs when fractures are predicted, but there are few reports of prophylactic surgery for AUFs. Here, we report a case of incomplete AUF in a 74-year-old woman which was surgically treated with prophylactic plate fixation. The patient had been using denosumab for 6 years to treat bone metastases due to thyroid cancer. After surgery, no fractures were observed for 2 years without discontinuing denosumab, and her forearm function was adequate. AUFs are rare and difficult to treat, so oncologists who treat bone metastases need to pay special attention to diagnose this incomplete AUF before the fracture worsens. We believe that detection of a possible fracture and prophylactic surgery can improve prognosis.
The Combination of High Levels of Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance Are Affected by Aging in Non-Obese Old Peoples
Authors: Muratsu Jun , Kamide Kei , Fujimoto Takashi , Takeya Yasushi , Sugimoto Ken , Taniyama Yoshiaki , Morishima Atsuyuki , Sakaguchi Katsuhiko , Matsuzawa Yuji , Rakugi Hiromi
Published: January 2022

Background

Adipokine dysregulation is a key feature of insulin resistance and a metabolic syndrome associated with obesity. Low adiponectin levels are associated with higher risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, high adiponectin levels have also been associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the elderly. This adiponectin paradox has yet to be clarified, which has hindered our understanding of the biological role of adiponectin. Adipokine dysregulation and insulin resistance are also associated with energy-deprivation conditions, such as frailty in old age. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between plasma adiponectin and insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) classified by age. In particular, we sought to determine the factors of the subjects associated with both high adiponectin levels and HOMA-IR (H-adiponectin/H-HOMA) and high adiponectin levels and low HOMA-IR (H-adiponectin/L-HOMA).

Methods

The eligible subjects in this cross-sectional study were 33,216 individuals who had undergone health checkups at the Physical Checkup Center of Sumitomo Hospital between April 2008 and December 2018. After excluding 26,371 individuals who were under 60 years old, 529 who had been taking medications for diabetes mellitus, and 690 with missing data, the present study included 5,673 (3,467 males, 2,206 females) subjects with no missing data. The relationship between serum adiponectin levels and HOMA-IR was assessed using logistic regression models adjusted by clinically relevant factors.

Results

In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, age and low BMI were shown to positively correlate with the characteristics of H-adiponectin/H-HOMA. In females, systolic blood pressure was also shown to be an associated factor.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study showed that aging or a low BMI may contribute to high adiponectin levels and insulin resistance.
Assessment of Soil Health Indicators Under the Influence of Nanocompounds and Bacillus spp. in Field Condition
Authors: Chaudhary Parul , Chaudhary Anuj , Bhatt Pankaj , Kumar Govind , Khatoon Hina , Rani Alka , Kumar Saurabh , Sharma Anita
Published: January 2022

Agricultural yield of major crops is low due to the injudicious use of chemical fertilizers that affects soil fertility and biodiversity severely and thereby affecting plant growth. Soil health is regulated by various factors such as physicochemical properties of the soil, availability of micro/macronutrients, soil health indicator enzymes and microbial diversity which are essential for agriculture productivity. Thus, it is required to draw attention towards an eco-friendly approach that protects the beneficial microbial population of soil. Application of different bioinoculants and agriusable nanocompounds has been reported to enhance soil quality with increased nutrient status and beneficial bacterial population, but additive effects of combined treatments on soil microbial population are largely unknown. The present study investigated the impact of nanozeolite and nanochitosan along with two Bacillus spp. on rhizospheric microbial flora and indicator enzymes to signify soil health under field conditions on maize. Soil health was ascertained by evaluating physicochemical analysis; total bacterial counts including N, P, and K solubilizing bacteria; and soil health indicator enzymes like fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase, amylase, and arylesterase. Change in copy number of 16S rRNA as a marker gene was used to quantify the bacterial population using quantitative PCR (qPCR) in different treatments. Our study revealed that nanocompounds with Bacillus spp. significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced total microbial count (16.89%), NPK solubilizing bacteria (46%, 41.37%, and 57.14%), and the level of soil health indicator enzymes up to twofold over control after 20, 40, and 60 days of the experiment. qPCR analysis showed a higher copy number of the 16S rRNA gene in treated samples, which also indicates a positive impact on soil bacterial population. This study presents a valuable approach to improve soil quality in combined treatments of nanocompounds and bioinoculants which can be used as a good alternative to chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture.