bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES ABOUT CONTRACEPTIVE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP FEMALES
Authors: Meena Dr. Shiv Charan , Singh Dr. Raghvendra
Published: June 2019

Background: Aim of current study was to assess the knowledge, attitude & practices of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age group.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on females between 18-49 years served as inclusion criteria, while unmarried females were excluded. The women interviewed were informed of the study and consent was taken. The participation was on voluntary basis. Questions regarding factors responsible for non use of contraception were also asked.

Results: Out of 1000 women, 690 (69.00%) had knowledge about family planning. 61.00% knew about condom, followed by OCPs & other methods.

Conclusions: Effort should be made to educate the public about the safety and convenience of modern, long term, reversible methods of contraception among both in health care professional and public.

Keyword: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Contraception
A CLINICAL STUDY OF INTRATHECAL KETAMINE WITH ADRENALIN FOR LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES
Authors: Singh Dr. Raghvendra , Meena Dr. Shiv Charan
Published: June 2019

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy, onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, occurrence of delirium reaction and other complications of Ketamine with Adrenaline given intrathecally.

Methods: After informed and written consent, ASA Physical status I and II aged 18-60 years, of either sex randomly selected 100 Patients for elective lower abdominal surgeries were been enrolled after inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients with severe systemic disease metabolic disorders, neurological, congenital or cardiovascular diseases were excluded from this study.

Results: In the present study the maximum level achieved ranged from T6-T10. The time taken to achieve maximum sensory blockade ranged from 2-8 minutes. There were no significant changes in mean systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure or pulse rate. Intra-operatively, nystagmus was seen in all patients. Sedation and delirium was seen in 72 patients and 2 patients respectively.

Conclusion: We conclude that intra thecal ketamine with adrenaline produces a reliable anaesthesia, better operative conditions and patients comfort with minimal side effects in elective lower abdominal surgeries.

Keywords: Anaesthesia,  Ketamine,  Adrenaline, Intrathecal.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF NURSES REGARDING INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES IN THE SELECTED HEALTH FACILITIES OF DELHI
Authors: Lata Dr. Mohan , Singh Dr. Ranjana , Rana Dr. Monika , Jerath Dr. Suparna Ghosh
Published: June 2019

Introduction :Universal precautions as defined by Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is “a set of precautions or actions designed to prevent the transmission of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and other body fluids, blood borne pathogens when providing health care to a patient”. This study aims to assess the knowledge and practice of nurses on infection control measures in the selected health facilities of Delhi and identify the factors affecting their adoption of the practices.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional mixed method study. Quantitative data was collected from 159 nurses working in selected public hospitals, using a pre tested structured questionnaire and qualitative data was collected from key stakeholders using in depth interview guide. For analysis Stata version 14.2 was used.

Result: The adequate knowledge (>80 percent score) was found in 71.7 percent nurses. There were also a few (1.3 percent) nurses who had poor level of knowledge. The adequate level of practice (>80 percent score) was found in 72.9 percent of participants. There were also few nurses (1.3 percent) whose practice level was poor. Further linear regression was done to look for determinants of knowledge and practice. The likelihood of knowledge score was significantly more among those who have seen SOPs and have attended training on infection control measures. Practice score was significantly more among those who have more knowledge and have attended training. The major barriers reported were understaffing, patient over load, record keeping and data entry and sometimes non-availability of adequate resources.

Conclusion: It was found in the present study that knowledge and practice of infection control among nurses was adequate but needs to be improved further to provide a completely safe working environment for the study population and prevent them from the risk of occupational hazard. The need for extensive trainings, adequate staff patient ratio and for making the resources available are suggested
ADEQUACY OF AXILLARY LYMPH NODE CLEARANCE IN BREAST CARCINOMA: ARE WE ACHIEVING THE RECOMMENDED STANDARDS?
Authors: Raviraj Dr. Subramaniyam , Balasingam Thileebphan
Published: June 2019

Introduction: In the setup of breast cancer management, axillary lymph node clearance plays a role in staging and planning of adjuvant chemotherapy and local control of cancer. Harvesting minimum of 10 lymph nodes for histopathological analysis is cut off value to consider a 90% certainty of a true negative axillary lymph node after axillary clearance.

Aim: To assess the adequacy of axillary lymph node clearance considering influence of tumor factor (size, site, grade, type, lymphovascular invasion and hormonal and HER 2-NEU receptor status).

Method: Retrospective analysis of histopathological report included 117 patients underwent mastectomy and axillary lymph node clearance from January 2011 to July 2016 in professorial surgical unit teaching hospital Jaffna. The analysis assessed the adequacy of the axillary lymph node clearance considering the influence of tumor factor.

Results: Adequate axillary lymph node clearance was done in 89.7% (105). None of considered factors showed significance influence (p<0.05) except tumor type.

Conclusion: Unit achieved desirable adequacy in axillary lymph node clearance, clearance adequacy is not associated with considered tumor factors except tumor type.

Keywords: Axillary lymphnode clearance, Adequacy, Breast cancer, nodal status
STUDY OF SERUM ELECTROLYTES IMBALANCES IN FEMALE THYROID PATIENTS AT AIIMS, PATNA: A HOSPITAL BASED COMPARATIVE STUDY.
Authors: Kumari Dr. Jyoti , Kant Dr. Dev , Mahto Dr. Mala
Published: June 2019

Objectives: This present study was to compare the serum electrolytes (Na, K and Cl) imbalances in hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism with euthyroidism female cases.

Methods: A detail history, clinical examinations and relevant investigations were performed to all female thyroid cases. Thyroid hormones were estimated by chemiluminiscence method using Siemens Advia Centaur XP instrument. Electrolyte levels (Na+, k+ & Cl-) were measured by ion selective electrode method using Eschweiler combi.

Results: Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS (version 26) software. Paired samples statistics was used. Mean ± standard deviation and t value were calculated. P value was taken less than or equal to 0.05 (p ≤ 0.05) for significant differences.

Conclusions: This present study concluded that electrolytes sodium, potassium and chloride levels were significantly reduced in hypothyroidism female cases compared to euthyroids female (controls). This suggests that hypothyroid patients should be regularly checked for serum electrolytes. Early detection and treatment can prevent the further complications related to the disorder and will be helpful during the management of thyroid patients.

Key words: Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, euthyroidism, electrolytes.
UV SPECTROPHOTOMETER: PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Arora Vandana , Singh Deepanmol
Published: June 2019

This article deals with UV Spectroscopy its application (practical) and its mode. There are various modes of UV spectrophotometer namely photometric, spectrum, quantitation, kinetics, time scan, multi-component and bio-method. Photometric measures absorbance or % transmittance of a sample at arbitrary wavelengths. Spectrum Scans a wavelength range to measure the absorbance and % transmittance of a sample as a function of wavelength. Single beam energy measurement can also be performed. Data processing such as peak detection, smoothing, and mathematical calculation may be applied to the measured spectrum. Quantitation creates a calibration curve from a standard sample and quantitates an unknown sample. Kinetics Calculates enzyme activity from the time dependent change in absorbance. Time scan This function is used to measure the change in the rate of absorbance, transmittance, or energy in the fixed wavelength. Multi-component Enables samples with up to 8 constituent components to be measured and quantitated. In the Bio-method Mode, DNA Quantitation and Protein measurement are done. These modes are used for different analysis.
A Manifestation of Cloud Computing Environments for Application Clusters, High-Performance Clusters and Allocation strategies for Virtual Machines
Authors: Kumar. K Kranthi , Rindha Reddy R. , Sushmitha Kurumaddali
Published: June 2019

Cloud Computing (CC) is the advancement of the Grid Computing (GC) worldview in the direction of administration arranged structures. The phrasing connected to this sort of handling, while portraying shared resources, alludes to the idea of Service of X. Such assets are accessible on interest and at an altogether low cost contrasted with self-conveyance of individual segments. CC is found everywhere in current situations, from vast scale associations to a just little scale business, everybody is equipping themselves cloud. Due to its effortlessness, observing and support over remote association, expansive territory inclusion. Cloud can be any sort Software as an administration, stage as an administration, foundation as an administration dependent on its use. High Performance Computing (HIPECO) implies the accumulation of computational capacity to build the capacity of handling substantial issues in science, designing, and business. HIPECO on the cloud permits performing on interest HIPECO errands by superior clusters in a cloud atmosphere. Currently, CC arrangements (e.g., Microsoft Azure, Amazon EC2) enable the users to make use of only the fundamental storage and computational utilities. They prevent the allowance of custom adjustments of the topology designs or parameters of the system. The associations structures of the nodes in HIPECO clusters ought to give a quick bury node correspondence. It is vital that adaptability is safeguarded also. In a foundation, as an administration, virtualization viably maps virtual machines to the physical machines. In spite of the fact that it is difficult, undertaking for hypervisor to choose fitting host to serve up and coming virtual machine is a must requirement. In this paper, our main aim is to examine different techniques/types of cluster topology mapping and their necessities in numerous Cloud situations to accomplish higher dependability along with adaptability of utilization which is executed inside Cloud resources (CR), HIPECO resource allocation (RA) on the cloud clusters and Cluster based designation procedure.
Implementation of a Voice Based App for Booking Cab Services
Authors: Swathi Baswaraju
Published: June 2019

The Transportation industry has seen an exponential technological growth with the preface of Applications and services which provide with an easy option of travel by booking Cabs which will turn up at the doorstep. Some of the foremost apps in this category are Ola, Uber and so many more. Nevertheless, these apps provide services to the common demographic of people/users. India is a country with over 13 million visually impaired individuals as per Census of 2011. With the advancement of the applications and technologies being available a means of easy and safe transport to these impaired individuals can be proposed. E-Cab Service aims at providing these voice-based transportation services aiming visually impaired as an application which is instinctive to book cabs.
Face Recognition Based Attendance Marking System
Authors: V Shilpa , H M Sushma , G Swetha
Published: June 2019

Facial recognition is an important human ability; an infant innately responds to face shapes at birth and can discriminate his or her mother's face from strangers at the tender age of 45hours. Recognizing and identifying people is a vital survival skill, as is reading faces for evidence of ill health or deception. Improving significantly in the last several years ,technologies that can mimic or improve human abilities to recognize and read faces are now maturing for use in medical and security applications, and also face recognition is a billion dollar industry companies like Google photos(Google), Facebook, Flickr, Instagram, Photo bucket, iCloud photo library(Apple) are extensively using face recognition for identifying particular person, for grouping pictures of same person, and also for facial expression analysis. However, face recognition is a complex process, it includes challenges like illumination, pose, angle, noise, and even expressions, which make face recognition tedious process.
Farmers Household Strategy in Land Conversion Dynamics (Case Study of Penrang District, Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi)
Authors: Dewi Puspitasari , Darmawan Salman , Didi Rukmana , B. Eymal Demmalino.
Published: June 2019

The exploding demand for palm oil in the world market makes oil palm expansion in several tropical countries increasingly increasing, especially in Indonesia. The phenomenon of land conversion that occurred in Wajo Regency was caused by the entry of plantation companies which resulted in the shifting of livelihood systems and livelihood strategies. Changing agricultural land into an oil palm plantation area with a partnership system has an impact on the limited community in managing and accessing their land. Farming activities for both rice and other commodities such as cashew and others as well as cattle grazing activities cannot be done on agricultural lands that have been partnered for oil palm plantations. This condition triggered shocks to the farmer's household livelihood system. So that in the process the community carries out various adaptation of livelihood strategies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the livelihood strategy of the community in meeting household needs before and after the conversion of agricultural land to oil palm plantations. This study uses snowball sampling and in-depth interviews conducted in the village of Taddangpalie, Penrang District. The results showed that the livelihood strategies of farmer households before conversion which had the largest percentage were survival strategies (53%), consolidation (30%), accumulative (17%) with the agricultural basis. After land conversion occurs there is a decrease in the survival strategy phase which is to be (48%) because some households switch the consolidation phase by (40%), and the accumulative phase still remains at the percentage, with the dominant basis being agriculture and non-agriculture. Vulnerability in the form of shock, trend, and equality is overcome by two types of strategies namely survival strategies and consolidation strategies by adopting human capital, social capital, natural capital, and financial capital.
About creation of risk management systems at the enterprises
Authors: Bykov A. A.
Published: June 2019

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El avance tecnológico y su impacto en la educación inicial.
Authors: Velasteguí López Efraín
Published: June 2019

La educación inicial y sus avances tecnológicos en el ecuador ha desempeñado gran potencial en los niños con un  23.9% en la educación inicial, 12,3% en los adultos y esos no dejas con un 4,8% en la educación superior. Estos datos nos reflejan como los avances tecnológicos han venido revolucionando a nivel académico.

Por ese motivo la tarea docente implica identificar las capacidades que los nativos digitales necesitan para ser eficaces en esta nueva cultura o modo de ser; recreando metodologías y materiales basados en entornos digitales, aprovechando al máximo su eficacia, pero conservando nuestra humanidad.

La educación inicial tiene un conjunto de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras que se han ido consolidando a lo largo del tiempo. En tal sentido, la integración de las nuevas tecnologías a los procesos educativos con los niños pequeños constituye un reto y una oportunidad para modelar y optimizar nuestra práctica docente, respondiendo a la adaptación más rápida e importante que ha experimentado el cerebro en miles de años de evolución.

Es importante analizar el carácter que las personas y, como tales, también los maestros y los niños establecen con las tecnologías. Cada vez que las usamos para modificar un estado de cosas, a su vez somos modificados por ellas. Por tanto, a jugar con nuevas tecnologías, también se aprende.
El reciclaje de vidrio y sus beneficios en el medio ambiente.
Authors: Carrasco R. Tatiana
Published: June 2019

El reciclaje es la mejor forma para ayudar al medio ambiente, el hombre se ha convertido en el causante de contaminar día a día el medio en que vivimos, sin darnos cuenta hemos venido matando nuestra naturaleza cada vez más ,ya es hora que tomemos un poco de conciencia y ayudar en algo para recobrar su ambiente, es por ello que esta investigación se hablara sobre el reciclaje del vidrio y como su reusó ayudara al medio ambiente y disminuir un poco la contaminación que se da con el desecho del vidrio ,el reciclaje del vidrio es uno de los más gratificante ya que se puede reciclar al 100% sin desperdiciar nada, incluso existen envases de vidrio que con solo una buena limpieza queda como nuevo y permite volverlo utilizar ya sea en su misma función para la que fue elaborada o en otra que se estime conveniente. El reciclaje del vidrio beneficia  tanto al ser humano como al medio ambiente, al ser humano le permite por medio del reciclaje obtener incluso hasta ingresos económicos y al medio ambiente ayudamos a no contaminarlo más, para poder crear conciencia en el ser humano es muy importante hablar del medio que sus y como aporta a la vida del ser humano es por ello que en la investigación se trataran puntos muy importantes sobre lo que es el reciclaje, medio ambiente y el vidrio, además se tratara de hacer ver el aporte que esta da a la naturaleza ,principalmente, el reciclaje de vidrio. Según las estadísticas encontradas Europa es el continente que más recicla en el mundo, España se ha convertido en el país con la tasa de reciclaje más alta, en América Latina el reciclaje aun no es un tema de éxito y mucho menos en nuestro país.
Plataformas virtuales y su impacto en la Educación Superior.
Authors: Velasteguí Pablo
Published: June 2019

La educación en la actualidad es la encargada de no solo transmitir conocimientos e información, sino que debe proporcionar los medios, aptitudes y habilidades para producirlos y utilizarlos en la práctica pedagógica, creando nuevos escenarios donde desarrollan el proceso educativo.

Una de las vías fundamentales para el desarrollo de tales propósitos es la utilización de las Aulas Virtuales, como apoyo al docente permiten elevar el desempeño y el trabajo colaborativo, a través de la interactividad y la comunicación entre el docente y el estudiante, aprovechando las facilidades que brindan los productos multimedia para la presentación de contenidos.

Las aulas virtuales como espacio educativo se han convertido en un medio muy utilizado en las universidades, a través de ellas los docentes y estudiantes participan en un proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje mediante el empleo efectivo de las computadoras para acceder, comunicar, compartir y crear conocimientos que conducen al aprendizaje.

La adecuación de tales prácticas tecnológicas en el ámbito educativo promueve la creación de nuevos entornos didácticos que afectan de manera directa tanto a los actores del proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje como al escenario donde se lleva a cabo el mismo.

Son un nuevo ámbito de aprendizaje, una poderosa herramienta de comunicación, información e interacción entre los docentes y los estudiantes, trascienden las barreras de espacio y tiempo, permiten una comunicación directa y atención personalizada inmediata o diferida entre docente y estudiantes, brindan una variedad de recursos que promueven el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje colaborativo y la construcción de nuevos conocimientos a través de ellas.

La educación virtual es una nueva forma viable de enseñanza que viene a suplir necesidades, precariedades propias de la educación presencial y del mal uso de la tecnología educativa.
El reciclaje de vidrio y su impacto en la conservación del medio ambiente.
Authors: Carrasco R. Tatiana
Published: June 2019

Este documento tiene como tema principal el impacto ambiental de las botellas de vidrio, el impacto que este tiene actualmente es un tema bastante hablando y muy discutido, según los entendidos el vidrio no contamine al medio ambiente, como también existen otros autores que afirman que el vidrio y los envases de vidrio llegan a ser muy perjudiciales para la naturaleza ya que es un producto que resiste generaciones.

Las botellas de vidrio se las realizan con materia prima a muy altas temperaturas ese es el proceso que lleva la fabricación de las botellas, algunos investigadores dicen que las fabricaciones de estos dañan la atmosfera del planeta porque este produce demasiada energía.

Hoy en día existe muchas personas trabajando para la conservación y cuidado del medio ambiente ellos han optado por el reciclaje de los desechos inorgánicos, tales como tela, metal, cartón o papel, plástico, vidrio, aunque el reciclaje de vidrio es poco a nivel mundial, las grandes industrias prefieren fabricar que reutilizar el envase. El reciclaje de las botellas de vidrio es muy bueno porque si obtenemos 3.000 botellas se ahorra mucho de lo que consume la elaboración de este producto. Con las botellas de vidrio se pueden hacer infinidades de manualidades para el hogar y también para vender. 

En Alemania utilizan el canjeo y el descuento en la compra de otro producto de vidrio así se llega al reciclaje de estos productos utilizando un mecanismo como de ingresos y descuento para el hogar en ecuador el reciclaje de vidrio es muy poco llegando a un porcentaje en reciclaje de 12,68% en el año 2014.
Molecular characterization and identification of three stored grain pests based on mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences
Authors: Md Aslam Abu Faiz , Sultana Sharmin , Rain Faria Farhana , Das Sumita Rani , Siddika Ayesha , Howlader Abdul Jabber
Published: June 2019

Stored grain pests are discovered in food as immature stages, which further complicates the identification process. A DNA barcode dataset of some important pests that can be used for easy and confirm identification in stages of life is constructed. COI genes of three stored grain insect pests i.e,, Sitophilus oryzae, Callosobruchus chinensis and Oryzaephilus surinamensis were sequenced. The sequenced genes were submitted to NCBI GenBank and obtained accession numbers MG967331.1, MG967332.1, MG967333.1 and MK041216.1. BLAST analysis showed 99 to 100% homology with existing GenBank sequences. The nucleotide composition analysis revealed that the value of A+T (64.8%) is greater than G+C (35.2%). Genetic distance among four sequences of three store pests were ranged from 0.00293-0.32807. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these three species are originated from different clades. Haplotype analysis of mitochondrial COI gene of the stored grain insect pests showed high genetic diversity among them. C. chinensis, O. surinamensis and S. oryzae were separated from their common ancestor by 80, 73 and 64 mutational steps. These information may be helpful for attempting any successful control measures against the pest species. In conclusion, present author established the first DNA barcode dataset of three store grain pests and confirmed its efficiency for identifying these pests.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 1-11, 2019
Molecular phylogeny of common sun skink, Eutropis (Squamata: Scincidae), of northwestern part of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mosharrof , Jing Che
Published: June 2019

A study on the phylogenetic relationship of Bangladeshi Skink confirmed species as Eutropis multifasciata by Bayesian inference (BI) (100%) and 98% node support to maximum likelihood (ML) tree topology, respectively. The sequence divergences between Eutropis multifasciata and other congeneric species were significant, ranging from 0.1 to 13.6% for 16S rRNA. Intraspecific genetic divergence within E. multifasciata was estimated 10.3%. E. multifasciata formed a distinct clade with high posterior probability support. This maiden study on Bangladeshi Skink results support that one monophyletic subgroup containing all specimens of E. multifasciata and all recently recognized E. multifasciata populations have evolved from one common ancestor.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 13-25, 2019
Biochemical analysis of different nutritional components of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in relation to parasitic infestation
Authors: Yesmin Sabina , Khanum Hamida
Published: June 2019

Two catfish: Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) and C. gariepinus (Burchell) were selected for examination during June, 2014 to May, 2016. The percentage (g/100 g) of nutrients such as moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate contents (mg/100 g) and energy (K cal) in C. batrachus and C. gariepinus was determined. Analyses were done to measure the nutrition value of edible body parts (flesh) of C. batrachus and C. gariepinus. The effects of modifying factors such as, season, sex, length, and diet of the hosts on the abundance of parasites were also studied. Present observation on biochemical analysis showed small variation in nutrient contents between C. batrachus and C. gariepinus. Protein, fat, moisture, carbohydrate levels were higher in non-infected C. batrachus (moisture 78.25 ± 0.06 g/100 g, ash 1.42 ± 0.09 g/100 g, fat 1.20 ± 0.04 g/100 g, protein15.05 ± 0.19 g/100 g, carbohydrate 5.53%) and non-infected C. gariepinus (moisture 78.62 ± 0.01 g/100 g, ash 1.22 ± 0.10 g/100 g, fat 1.19 ± 0.03 g/100 g, protein 14.69 ± 0.07 g/100 g, carbohydrate 4.95% than those of infected C. batrachus and C. gariepinus. In both species the highest presence of most of the nutrient components was observed in winter.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 27-39, 2019
Temperature and host dependent functional response of Anisopteromalus calandrae (How.) and Choetospila elegans (Westw.) parasitods in parasitizing wheat infesting Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Authors: Rahman MM , Islam W
Published: June 2019

Rhizopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is an internal feeder of whole wheat seed, flour, etc. R. dominica is parasitized by two pteromalid ectoparasitoids, Anisoptetromalus calandrae (How.) and Choetospila elegans (Westw.) in the larval and pupal stages. The effects of host density and temperature on the functional response of the parasitoids in parasitizing the larval and pupal stages of the hosts were examined. Four temperatures and five host densities were used. A functional response equation was used in which a quadratic component that included temperature was substituted for handling time. Functional response of parasitization by A. calandrae and C. elegans fit a formula of Hassell et al. (1977) type III model. The maximum rate of parasitization of A. calandrae was 8.6 larvae/24 hrs and 7.2 larvae/24 hrs of C. elegans at 30ºC, respectively. Handling time and instantaneous search rate varied with temperatures. The ability of A. calandrae and C. elegans to find and parasitize R. dominica over a broad range of temperatures demonstrate it as a good candidate for natural control of the pest.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 41-47, 2019
Polymorphic loci analysis of 16s ribosomal RNA gene of economically important marine lizardfish Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus)
Authors: Saha Sristy , Ferdous Zannatul , Jahan Hawa , Khandaker Ashfaqul Muid , Md Shahjahan Reza , Begum Rowshan Ara
Published: June 2019

Attempts were made to combine morphological and molecular techniques for identification and analysis of evolutionary relationship of commercially important marine lizardfish (Bombay duck) from the Bay of Bengal. For molecular identification, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was extracted using CTAB extraction protocol and 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR method. Morphological identification was supported by molecular data generated by 99% identity of BLAST search result of Harpadon nehereus. The nucleotide sequence of H. nehereus was 586 bp long and the G+C content was 51% and intraspecies polymorphic sites were 0.5%. According to interspecies polymorphic sites analysis, 4.9% polymorphism was observed when H. nehereus and H. microchir were compared. Phylogenetic tree was constructed and both the Harpadon spp. formed a monophyletic clade. This analysis will be used to study molecular diversity as well as conservation of this fish species.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 49-57, 2019
Oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activity of three edible oils (black seed, sesame and soybean oils) against puls beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Lin.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on green gram, Vigna radiata
Authors: Akter Sharmin , Sultana Shanjida , Akter Tangin , Begum Shefali
Published: June 2019

The effectiveness of three different edible oils - black seed (Nigella sativa), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and soybean (Glycene max) was evaluated for the control of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis on green mung pulse, Vigna radiata. The oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activity of these three oils were compared between fresh mung pulses and pulses treated at different doses (1, 3 and 6 μl). The results indicated that the rate of oviposition and the mean number of emerged adults of C. chinensis on mung pulses treated with black seed, sesame and soybean oil were lower than their respective control pulses. The lowest number of eggs were recorded in soybean oil treated seeds (13.8 ± 1.07, 12.6 ± 1.36, 10.0 ± 1.82) followed by sesame (51.8 ± 4.63, 25.8 ± 8.52, 14.2 ± 4.50) and black seed oil (67.2 ± 9.71, 27.4 ± 5.52, 21.0 ± 5.54) at dose 1 μl, 3 μl and 6 μl, respectively in order. Soybean oil at the rate of 6μl/50 seeds was significantly effective (10.0 ± 1.82) to inhibit egg deposition. In case of ovicidal activity, minimum number of adults were emerged from black seed oil treated pulses (25.2 ± 2.73, 24.2 ± 0.58, 22.4 ± 1.17 at dose 1, 3 and 6 μl, respectively). Black seed oil at the rate of 6μl/ 50 seeds was the most effective (22.4 ± 1.17) than other edible oils.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 59-65, 2019
Occurrence of intestinal parasites among school going children of a slum area in Dhaka city
Authors: Hossain Md Rahat , Musa Sharmin , Zaman Rimi Farhana , Khanum Hamida
Published: June 2019

A cross sectional study was carried out among school going children of Ganaktuli slum area in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. A total of 183 stool samples were collected from children of age between 5 and 16 years of both sexes during May, 2017 to April, 2018. Collected samples were examined using Formal-Ether Concentration technique. 61.20% samples were found positive for intestinal parasites. Eight species of parasites were identified, where Entamoeba histolytica (3.83%), Giardia lamblia (6.01%), Diphyllobothrium latum (3.28%), Paragonimus westermani (3.83%), Ascaris lumbricoides (24.59%), Trichuris trichiura (12.02%), Ancylostoma duodenale (5.46%) and Enterobius vermicularis (2.19%) was recorded. Male children showed higher (63.95%) prevalence than female (58.76%). The highest and lowest prevalence (82.46 and 39.29%) were found among 8 - 10 and 14 - 16 years children, respectively. The highest prevalence of E. histolytica (7.02%), A. lumbricoides (38.60%), T. trichiura (14.04%) and A. duodenale (8.77%) were observed in 8 - 10 years age group; G. lamblia (7.41%), P. westermani (5.56%) and E. vermicularis (3.70%) in 11 - 13 years age group and D. latum (6.90%) was found highest in 14 - 16 years age group. Statistically it was observed that age groups had significant association with parasitic infestation (p < 0.05) but prevalence did not alter significantly according to sexes (p > 0.05). Highest abundance of parasites was recorded for A. lumbricoides.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 67-75, 2019
Growth performances and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) cultured using different market feeds
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Sakib Md Nazmus , Zahid Md Al , Sultana Nahid , Hassan Md Rakibul
Published: June 2019

The study was conducted to determine growth performances and bioaccumulation of Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni in fish organs such as intestines, muscle and gills of study species after culturing them for twelve weeks by using different commercial fish feeds. The highest average daily gain (ADG, g/day) and specific growth rate (SGR; %/day) were found in fish fed quality feed and lowest values were found in the fish fed mega feed. Best feed conversion ratio (FCR) value was found in fish fed quality feed among five different feeds. In cultured Koi, the concentration of heavy metals were found higher than initial concentration in fish feeds and collected fingerling samples. Heavy metal levels in cultured fish was Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni and levels of bioaccumulation in individual organs was intestines > gills > muscle. The concentration of Cu, Pb and Cr exceed the tolerable limit approved by FAO in fishes cultured with the experimental feeds. Considering the present study, Koi cultured with these experimental feeds may not safe for human consumption.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 77-88, 2019
The abundance and mechanical control of Icerya purchasi (Maskell, 1878) (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) on Mangifera indica in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Nowrin Samiha , Begum Murshida , Khatun Mousumi , Howlader Moksed Ali
Published: June 2019

The cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi, one of the devastating pests of citrus and ornamentals distributed all over the world. A study was conducted on the biology, abundance and mechanical control of this pest on mango plants from at two locations of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Simple linear regression lines were produced on the lengths and widths of different nymphal instars and adult of this pest. It was proved that body lengths and widths were highly correlated with the successive changing of the nymphal instars from 1st, 2nd and 3rd to adults. The maximum abundance of the I. purchasi on mango leaves was 310 ± 21 in March, 2016. The results of the mechanical control method by hand crushing showed that it was highly effective to control this insect. Abundances of this insect before and after treatment were significantly different (p < 0.05). Abundances of insects in different sampling times were showed different by Tukey’s HSD test (p < 0.05).

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 89-96, 2019
Seasonal abundance of major sucking and chewing insects of guava
Authors: Amin Md Ruhul , Khisa Shubhati , Rahman Habibur , Jannat Rayhanur , Badruzzaman Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Seasonal abundances of the sucking insects, namely mealy bug, white fly and scale insects, and chewing insect viz., fruit fly was monitored during September, 2016 to June, 2017 in a guava Psidium guajava orchard. Sucking insect was monitored by weekly observation on the leaves and chewing insect was captured using methyl eugenol trap. The mealy bug, white fly and scale insects were abundant during 4th week of November to 4th week of January and they showed fluctuations in their population. The mealy bug, white fly and scale insects had peak abundance in the 1st week of January, 4th week of November and 1st week of December, respectively. The scale insect revealed significantly higher abundance compared to other sucking insects. Two species of fruit fly, namely Bactrocera tryoni and B. dorsalis were found in the guava orchard and B. tryoni showed significantly higher abundance compared to B. dorsalis both in winter and summer seasons. In winter, B. tryoni reached the peak abundance in the 2nd week of January and their peak abundance in summer occurred in the 1st week of May. The daily mean temperature and relative humidity influenced the abundance of the sucking and chewing insects. Temperature individually contributed 30.0, 59.6, 59.3% abundance and temperature with relative humidity had 34.8, 60.9 and 73.5% abundance on mealy bug, white fly and scale insect, respectively. The effect of temperature on the abundance of fruit fly in winter and summer were 42.6 and 50.3%, respectively and the combined effect of temperature with relative humidity were 68.7% in winter and 61.9% in summer.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 97-105, 2019
Water quality, growth and production performance of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) in cemented tanks with two different stocking densities
Authors: Roy Dulon , Masud Abdullah Al , Saha Pritam Kumar , Kutubuddin MM , Islam Md Muzahidul
Published: June 2019

Attempt has been taken to develop intensive tank culture technique providing natural environment for Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) inside tank to increase survival rate as well as production. The experiment was conducted for a period of 150 days in two tanks (T1 and T2) of 300 m2. Fish fries with a mean weight and length ranged from 1.02 to 2.2 g and 2.7 to 3.5 cm were stocked in T1 and T2, respectively. Stocking density of fingerlings were 1, 25,000 and 1, 50,000 per Ha in T1 and T2, respectively. Commercial pelleted feed was supplied to tank reared fish twice daily at a rate of 3-10% of body weight per day and later feeding rate was adjusted based on body weight by sampling. Important water quality parameters (temperature, DO, pH, transparency, ammonia and nitrate) were recorded weekly throughout the culture period. Survival rate was 87% and 84% in T1 and T2, respectively. Mean final weight were 41.73 ± 2.09g and 40.6 ± 0.90 g in T1 and T2, respectively. Length-weight relationship indicates that the growth rate was always higher in T1 followed by T2. Results showed that net yield was relatively higher in T2 (5115.35 ± 113.13 Kg/ha) than T1 (4537.12 ± 227.4 Kg/ha). In case of production, there was significant difference (p < 0.05) between two treatments. This experiment demonstrated the potential of H. fossilis production through new technique of tank culture system. However, more research is needed using local feed ingredients with higher stocking density.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 107-119, 2019
Parasite diversity in mallard: A cross sectional study on Anas platyrhynchos from Munshiganj, Dhaka
Authors: Begum Aleya , Mukutmoni Mandira , Akter Farjana
Published: June 2019

Among the 60 Anas platyrhynchos domesticus (32 males and 38 females), all the mallards were infested with Anaticola cassicornis and Lipeurus caponis. A. cassicornis displayed the peak intensity (15.5 ± 3.64) in female ducks. The lowest prevalence was of Colpocephalum turbinatum (25%) and found in male but the intensity was high (15 ± 2.23). Among the endoparasites, the highest prevalence was of Ascaridia galli (85.71%) found in female ducks and the lowest was in Echinostoma trivolvus (12.5%) found in male. The peak intensity was of Sobolevicanthus sp. (17.8 ± 2.34) in female following Echinostoma revolutum (17.33 ± 0.97). Ectoparasites were seen to infest all the seasons. But endoparasites were more prevalent in summer than the autumn and winter.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 121-128, 2019
Personal hygiene practices and socio-economic conditions as influential factors for intestinal parasitic infection in Dhaka city dwellers
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Aminul Islam , Jhinu Zannatun Nahar , Jaliluzzaman - , Mukutmoni Mandira
Published: June 2019

A total of 200 stool samples were examined and five species of intestinal parasites were identified. Two of them were protozoans (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis) and the rest of which three species were nematode parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloids stercoralis). The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 50%. Individually the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloids stercoralis was 25%, 13%, 6%, 3.5% and 2.5%, respectively. Patients of different age and sex had a variable degree of infection. Children aged under ten years showed the highest prevalence (73.97%) compared to other groups. Accordingly, male patients were found slightly more susceptible to the infection (50.38%) compared to the female (49.29%). People belonging to different occupation and educational qualification had various degree of infection. As expected patients who had no education and poor monthly income, showed the highest prevalence of infection, 77.77% and 90%, respectively. Personal hygiene practices of the patients had much influence on the parasitic prevalence and rate of infection. Respectively 58.82%, 91.42%, 80% and 63.55% prevalence were found among the patients who used to drink unsafe water, wash hands without soap, stay barefooted most of the time and do not trim their nails regularly. The present study supposed to reveal that socioeconomic conditions and behavioral factors may influence the prevalence of parasitic infections.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 129-136, 2019
Organochlorine pesticide residues in different fishes and shell fishes collected from the flood plains of Sonargaon upazila, Bangladesh
Authors: Mustafa Tonima , Naser M Niamul , Latifa Gulshan Ara , Shoeb Mohammad , Nahar Nilufar
Published: June 2019

The present study was carried out to assess the concentrations of organochlorine pesticide residues (DDTs; DDE, DDD, 2,4´-DDT and 4,4´-DDT) in natural fishes and prawn species during rainy-season (June-September, 2014) from flood plains of Sonargaon upazila, Bangladesh. The samples were extracted by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method and the extracts were cleaned-up by using H2SO4. Analysis of the samples for DDTs residues were carried out by using Gas Chromatograph with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). Controlled fish sample (Cultured Rui fish) was used for the recovery experiments. Percent (%) recovery was found to be in the range of 70%- 113%. The total DDTs contents of the head of different fish and prawn species ranged from 7.53 ± 0.50 ng/g in Jatpunti (P. sophore) to 39.20 ± 3.76 ng/g in Bele (G. giuris) and of the body from 7.55 ± 0.50 ng/g in Jatpunti (P. sophore) to 41.93 ± 3.63 ng/g in Chewa (P. elongatus). While the total DDTs of the total body of seven fish and two prawn species ranged from 4.56 ng/g in Gurachingri (unidentified) to 37.15 ng/g in Chewa (P. elongatus). In the present study, 66.66% samples having value of (DDE + DDD)/DDT, lower than 0.5 ratios indicated the presence of new DDT inputs in the environments of Sonargaon area. The concentrations of total DDTs in all the samples were within the permissible MRL level i.e. for human consumption recommended by FAO-IAEA-WHO. As DDT is a long persistent and bioaccumulative substance in the environment, intake of significant amount of these toxic elements with our diet is a matter of great health concern.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 137-148, 2019
All male nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fry nursing in net cages at haor of Sunamganj, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam MS , Begum N
Published: June 2019

Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) of average 2.08 ± 0.06 to 2.14 ± 0.19 g fry nursed in nine-floating net-cages of 3 × 3 × 1.5 m in highstocking densitiesof 600, 800 and 1000 fry m–3 densities in triplicate. The fish were hand-fed a commercial tilapia floating feed at a rate of 5 to 30% of their body weight thrice daily. The final mean weight of tilapia ranged 15.13 ± 0.28 to 24.10 ± 0.35 g with the mean daily weight gain of 0.21 ± 0.11 to 0.38 ± 0.05 g/day. The low stocking density of 600 fry m–3 had significant higher mean weight, daily growth rate and specific growth rate than did the higher density treatment of 1000 fry m–3.The food conversion ratio were (1.46 to 2.30) significantly affected by stocking density (p<0.05). Moreover, the net profit (BDT 1262 ± 85 - 2152 ± 55) showeda significant difference with increasing stocking density (p < 0.05). The growth of nursing fry was found to be density dependent. However, survival rates were found high in all treatments and were not affected by density. But, higher gross yield was observed at the highest density. The results of this study has clearly demonstrated that the higher density (800and1000 fry m–3) could be more profitable for tilapia cages than the lower density (600fry m–3) in terms of cost effectiveness and to meet the demand for large scale fish production.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 149-158, 2019
Helminth endoparasites of black drongo, Dicrurus macrocercus (Passeriformes: Dicruridae) from Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Acharjee Rajib , Islam Toufikul
Published: June 2019

The common passerine bird species of Bangladesh, the Black Drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus), was collected between November 2013 and March 2014 from paddy fields around the Chittagong University campus to study endohelminth parasites. In total, four helminth adult parasite species, one trematoda (Eumegacetes triangularis), one cestoda (Notopentorchis sp.), two nematoda (Viguiera dicrurusi and Diplotriaena bargusinica) and single unidentified pleurocercoid larva were evident from the body cavity and digestive tracts of the sampled birds. With prevalence, mean intensity and abundance of 52.94%, 3.33 ± 3.04 and 1.76, respectively. It was apparent that the nematodes were the most prevalent (41.18%) species and the male (60%) hosts were found to be more susceptible to infection with the helminths. The mean intensity and the abundance of male also followed the same trend. However, the maximum (100%) prevalence was in February 2014. Parasitic abundance was found to be dependent with total length (t = 40.19, p = 0.000), body length (t = 31.97, p = 0.000) and body weight (t = 39.88, p = 0.000) of the host. Among the identified helminths E. triangularis, Notopentorchis sp. and Diplotriaena bargusinica are the new records for Bangladesh and from the present host. Stomach contents showed that the bird is affirmed as insectivorous, predominant abundance of insect (97-100%) having an abundance gradient of lepidopteran > odonates > dipteran > coleopterans > hemipterans > hymenopterans. The present study coincided with the winter and spring season of an isolated study area, i.e. Chittagong University campus only. Therefore, a detailed study is expected to have a complete helminth profile and epidemiological aspects of the present host at different ecological areas of the country.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 159-171, 2019
On the management of single fish species of hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) resources of Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker M Nath , Naser M Niamul , Uddin Md Sharif , Das N Nanda , Humayun Md
Published: June 2019

Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) belonging to the family Clupeidae is a diadromous migratory fish species. It is an important fish in the countries bordering to the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh harvest about 60% of world hilsa catch. Hilsa contributed12.9% of the country’s total fish production in 2017-2018 with an estimated annual production of 517,198 tons, which was 1.0% to the GDP to support livelihoods of 1.2 million hilsa fishers of Bangladesh. In spite of the importance, there was an alarming situation in hilsa production, where over fishing of hilsa with a result of decline in inland production were observed. In the present study age and growth parameters L=57.7 cm total length and growth rate K=0.90 per year were calculated using VBGF growth function. Population parameters Z=4.90 were calculated using length converted catch curve, M (at water temperature 27°C) =1.45 using Pauly’s formula, F=1.09 and E=70 were estimated. Results indicates both recruitment overfishing and growth over fishing occur through indiscriminate fishing of juvenile hilsa (Jatka) as wel as brood hilsa(mother). Fishing effort has to be reduced at any cost and the affected fishers should be rehabilitated in a proper manner for obtaining the sustainable production of hilsa resources.

Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 173-183, 2019