bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal perceived stress, HIV status, and feeding styles are predictors of infant dietary intake in Ghana
Authors:   McGill University, Adhikari P , Marquis GS , Lartey A ,   University of Ghana
Published: January 2023

Indicators of poor maternal mental health have been associated with non-responsive feeding styles that affect dietary intake in infants. This study examined the association between maternal mental health indicators and infant dietary intake and infant feeding behaviors within a 2003 to 2008 longitudinal observational cohort study in Ghana (the Research to Improve Infant Nutrition and Growth [RIING] project). A random sample of one third of the RIING cohort (19 HIV positive [HIV-P], 29 HIV negative [HIV-N], and 24 HIV unknown [HIV-U]) and their infants was selected for an in-home 24-hr weighed dietary study at 9 months postpartum. Maternal depressive symptoms and perceived stress scores had been measured at 6 months using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), respectively. All foods and liquids were weighed to determine energy and nutrient intake values. Human milk intake was weighed. Each feeding session was observed, and the feeding style was recorded. Multiple linear regression showed that maternal perceived stress was negatively associated with total food (-12.4 g, 95% CI: -21.0 to -3.8), energy (-19.5 kcal, 95% CI: -33.8 to -5.2), and fat (-0.7 g, 95% CI: -1.4 to -0.1) intake from complementary foods and liquids in infants. An HIV-P status was associated with a lower intake of fat (-6.3 g, 95% CI: -11.1 to -1.5) and vitamin A (-293.9 µg, 95% CI: -529.9 to -57.8) compared to HIV-N. Maternal mental health indicators were not associated with feeding style. However, a positive feeding style was associated with a higher intake of fat (4.8 g, 95% CI: 0.3 to 9.2) and vitamin A (245.3 µg, 95% CI: 28.2 to 462.5) compared to a passive feeding style. This study highlights the importance of focusing on how the infants are fed during the complementary feeding period. Interventions to improve infant dietary intake should prioritize maternal mental health and promote positive feeding styles among high-risk caregivers. Key words: maternal depression, perceived stress, HIV, infant, feeding style, diet, Ghana
Cassava-gari value chain participation and rural women’s wellbeing: An exploratory study
Authors:   University of the Witwatersrand, Anning-Dorson T
Published: January 2023

Gender disparity has a severe and long-term consequence on women especially in developing African countries such as Ghana. The socio-economic effect of gender inequality is harsher on rural women dwellers in Ghana due to lack of access to business and livelihood empowering opportunities. One way to deal with the above and improve the economic wellbeing of rural women dwellers is to create economic opportunities from which they can earn a good income. In Ghana, rural women could participate in the entire value chain of food crops such as cassava as they already participate in its cultivation (upstream activities of the supply chain). The current study adopts the approach of literature review on cassava and gari production in Ghana; and conducts interviews and observations on gari processing in Ghana to share useful lessons on how to deal with socio-economic effect of gender disparity among rural women dwellers. This study interviewed women in two gari processing enclaves in the country to provide useful insight on how women wellbeing could be enhanced. A total of 17 women entrepreneurs, 33 female workers and 7 farmers from 10 communities were interviewed and observed. Firstly, this study provides an understanding of the cassava-gari (roasted fermented cassava in a form of tiny grains) value chain, and the role rural women entrepreneurs can play to enrich their livelihood. Secondly, the study highlights the key activities of gari processing by women in rural Ghana, the challenges faced, and provides valuable conclusions on how to bridge the gender gap through women’s participation in an enhanced cassava-gari value chain. Lastly, two important issues are highlighted with respect to rural women’s participation in an enhanced gari value chain: (1) the opportunity for affordable nutrition through a common local farm produce, and (2) the economic livelihood of rural women. While rural women possess enough capacity to participate meaningfully in the value chain, there are still constraints that can be dealt with by any enterprise that seeks to venture into large-scale commercial fortified gari production. Such ventures, be it a social (businesses for social good) or commercial (profit centered businesses) enterprise, will enhance access to affordable nutrition as well as economic empowerment. Key words: Value Chain, Food-processing, Gari, Women Entrepreneurship, Wellbeing, Africa
Factors influencing women’s acceptance of palm weevil larvae for consumption in peri-urban communities in the Ashanti region, Ghana
Authors:   McGill University, Chamoun L , Quinonez MH , Marquis G
Published: January 2023

For Ghanaian women of reproductive age (WRA), anemia remains a pressing issue. Currently, at the global level, anemia affects 35% of this population according to the most recent “State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World” report. In Ghana, anemia is mostly associated with iron deficiency and, if left untreated, could result in several adverse outcomes including severe fatigue and exhaustion resulting in decreased work productivity, neurocognitive impairment, and complications with chronic kidney disease. Various strategies can effectively reduce iron-deficiency anemia at the population level, including food fortification, supplementation, and dietary improvement. Unfortunately, these have failed to reach Ghanaian women adequately and equitably, resulting in many not meeting their nutritional needs. As an alternative strategy to curtail iron deficiency, edible insects, such as palm weevil larvae, have been suggested for their nutritional benefits, cost-effective rearing, and yearly availability. As such, popularizing their consumption could present an opportunity to improve WRA’s iron status in Ghana. To assess the feasibility of this strategy, formative research is needed to examine local attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs associated with the consumption of palm weevil larvae. Formative research was conducted in five peri-urban communities in the Ashanti region of Ghana that were purposefully selected for the study. These communities were separated into two clusters based on their access to palm trees. The analysis was based on 12 focus group discussions conducted with 121 female respondents, at which point data saturation was reached. Thematic analysis was used to examine the facilitators and barriers to palm weevil larvae consumption as well as WRA’s general knowledge of nutrition and anemia. Women generally had favorable perceptions of palm weevil larvae as a nutritious food in its raw, frozen, and processed forms, and were eager to be involved in its value chain. The factors positively influencing the acceptance of palm weevil larvae were its perceived nutritional and health benefits, and its taste. The main barriers to its consumption in all communities were its scarcity, difficult and inconsistent access, and fear of unauthenticity and unsafety. Finally, despite women’s general awareness of the importance of iron, persistent misinformation by health-professionals undermined their perceived seriousness of iron-deficiency anemia. Women’s clear interest in palm weevil larvae is encouraging for the community-based domestication of palm weevil larvae. Future studies should examine the feasibility and logistical requirements of such a strategy and its impact on increasing the consumption of palm weevil larvae. Key words: formative research, palm weevil larvae, edible insects, food fortification, anemia
Marital transition is associated with food insecurity, low dietary diversity, and overweight in a female population in rural Ghana
Authors:   McGill University, Dallmann D , Marquis GS , Colecraft EK ,   University of Ghana, Dodoo ND
Published: January 2023

Research from high-income countries shows that marital transition affects individuals’ nutrition outcomes. Yet, little is known about its effect on women’s food security status and nutrition outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, most published studies merge cohabitation and marriage into one category, but these statuses might have a distinct effect on nutrition outcomes in different settings. This study examined the association between the marital transition of women living in a rural district in Ghana and their food security status, minimum dietary diversity, and overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2). This analysis used representative data from women with a child less than 12 months from the Upper Manya Krobo District, which was collected for the 2014 baseline of the Nutrition Links project in 137 villages (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01985243). Women’s marital transition was assessed by merging their current and previous marital status into five categories: i) continuously married; ii) remarried; iii) cohabitating with a previous union; iv) cohabitating with no previous union; v) single (majority never previously married). The adjusted logistic regression showed that, compared to women who were continuously married, those cohabitating—with or without a previous union—and those who were single were more likely to be food insecure (aOR = 2.49; 95% CI [1.31, 4.72], aOR = 2.01; 95% CI [1.13, 3.58], and aOR = 1.85; 95% CI [1.02, 3.38], respectively). Women who were cohabitating—with or without a previous union—were more likely not to meet the minimum dietary diversity than those who were continuously married (aOR = 1.82; 95% CI [0.98, 3.38] and aOR = 1.78; 95% CI [1.01, 3.12], respectively). Finally, compared to the continuously married group, cohabitating women with no previous union were less likely to be overweight (aOR = 0.40; 95% CI [0.22, 0.74]). These results are consistent with previous publications that showed married women were wealthier and more overweight. Moreover, these results indicate that cohabitation affects nutrition-related outcomes differently compared to marriage in a sub-Saharan setting. More attention must be placed on better understanding the social aspects that link women’s marital transition to diet and nutrition outcomes. Key words: Marriage, marital status, food security, diet, overweight, women, Ghana, Africa
A net-map analysis of stakeholder connections and influence in agriculture-for-nutrition policymaking in Ghana
Authors:   McGill University, Boadi P , Marquis GS , Aryeetey R ,   University of Ghana, Tetteh A
Published: January 2023

Nutrition-sensitive agriculture approaches can improve farming household incomes, food security, and diet quality. Adopting nutrition-sensitive agriculture approaches means placing a nutrition lens on the policies, strategies, and investments in the food and agriculture sector without detracting from the sector's traditional goals of food supply. To understand the processes involved in developing agriculture-for-nutrition policies in Ghana, this paper examined the influence of stakeholders' interconnections using a visual participatory mapping technique, Virtual Net-Map. Three convening platforms were identified for stakeholder engagement: the Agriculture Sector Working Group, the National Agricultural Technical Committee, and the Public-Private Partnership Dialogue Platform. Sixty stakeholders with 188 connections were recognised for their involvement in agriculture-for-nutrition policymaking in Ghana. Fourteen stakeholders, twelve from government organizations and two from donor and development partner organizations, were identified as the most influential. International stakeholders (donors and development partners) were critical in funding agriculture-for-nutrition policymaking activities. While all stakeholders had a joint mandate to ensure policies were developed, the Ministry of Food and Agriculture led the policy development process in Ghana's food and agriculture sector. Moreover, government stakeholders notably received more support from other stakeholders for funding, advocacy, dissemination, and technical assistance than the support they offered. Generally, stakeholders were more engaged in technical assistance activities and least involved in disseminating agriculture-nutrition information in the agriculture-for-nutrition policymaking process. The information on stakeholders' interconnections and influence showed areas that had the most and least stakeholder engagements, which will enable potential stakeholders to identify niche(s) to support the nutrition agenda in Ghana's food and agriculture sector and help Ghana meet the Global Nutrition Targets and the Sustainable Development Goals for 2025 and 2030, respectively. In addition, the evidence presented on Ghana's agriculture-for-nutrition policymaking network can lead to better ways of centralizing nutrition in agricultural policies and designing initiatives that encompass most, if not all, relevant stakeholders. Key words: Agriculture, Nutrition, Policymaking, Net-Map, Influence, Connections, Ghana, Nutrition-sensitive agriculture
“Now we’ve all turned to eating processed foods”: A photovoice study of the food and nutrition security implications of ‘galamsey’ in Ghana
Authors:   University of Denver, Nyantakyi-Frimpong H , Christian AK ,   University of Ghana, Ganle J , Aryeetey R
Published: January 2023

Galamsey, a popular name for small-scale mining in Ghana, is an important livelihood for many rural Ghanaians. Although concerns have been raised in the popular media about the adverse effects of galamsey on the environment, human health, and livelihoods, there is a representational paucity of evidence regarding its links with local food systems, particularly, from the perspective of affected mining communities. The current study explored community perceptions and experiences of galamsey and its perceived effects on food security and livelihoods in the East Akim Municipality in the Eastern region of Ghana. Primary data was collected in the East Akim Municipality of Ghana, using a photovoice method. Thirty-six male and female adults were purposively selected with the help of a community focal persons and advertisements in the study communities. Respondents participated in a one-day photography training and thereafter, were deployed to take at least fifteen photos that portray the effect of galamsey on food security and health. Subsequently, each participant was asked to select five of the photographs they have taken and explain why they captured that image. A photo exhibition was held to facilitate community conversation and perspectives on the effects of galamsey on food and nutrition security. Galamsey has resulted in degradation of, otherwise, fertile agricultural land, and contamination of freshwater sources. As a consequence, there is reduced cultivable land, reduced crop production, shortage of essential staple foods, increase in food price, and increased consumption of ultra-processed foods. There is also perception of increased exposure to heavy metals like mercury in locally-produced food. Given the adverse health consequences of both food and nutrition insecurity, and increased consumption of processed foods, it is important that public and policy discussions to minimize the effects of galamsey in Ghana should include considerations about food and nutrition insecurity in mining communities. Key words: mining, galamsey, food security, health, agriculture, land degradation, food system
Local meanings and perceptions of women’s empowerment: Qualitative evidence from female and male farmers in rural Ghana
Authors:   McGill University, Abdu A , Marquis GS , Colecraft EK ,   University of Ghana
Published: January 2023

Assessing the relationship between empowerment and nutrition along the agriculture-nutrition pathway is limited by dissimilar emic and etic views of the construct, limited understanding of its contextual variation, and measurement difficulties. This study explored local meanings and perceptions of empowerment among women and men farmers in rural Ghana. The qualitative study took place within the LinkINg Up project, a quasi-experimental, nutrition-sensitive agriculture intervention (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03869853) in three sub-districts of the Eastern Region. The intervention was implemented through farmer-based organizations (FBO) that were selected using a set of criteria such as female representation and level of member participation. Within the FBO, all women were recruited to participate along with one male adult family member (spouse/partner, older son, father). Non-FBO members (women and their male family member) from the same communities were also enrolled as a comparison group. This manuscript addresses an independent research question on empowerment, not the LinkINg Up intervention outcomes. For the question, participants (53 females and 45 males) were selected purposefully based on FBO membership of the woman (member, non-member). During the first three months of the project, eight focus group discussions (FGD) with women and seven FGD with men were conducted to probe into local understandings of empowerment and women’s empowerment (WE). The FGD were translated to English from the local language and transcripts were coded using a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach (open, axial, selective coding) with MAXQDA 2022. Women and men described empowerment in terms of an individual’s capability to improve circumstances by setting and meeting intentional and measurable goals. The construct of empowerment was made up of internal and external components. Internal components were those that were essential to allow one to be empowered, such as self-confidence, while the external components of empowerment were related to personal and community factors that empowered people, for example, asset ownership and social support. Emic understandings of WE were often related to women’s relationships with others and their roles (reproductive, productive, and community) within the studied context. The local descriptions of an empowered woman were categorized as someone who: i) exhibits qualities that are perceived to help one achieve goals, ii) takes actions to achieve goals, and iii) works with others to achieve own goals or common goals. When assessing WE in the study area, it is important to incorporate measures for women’s goal-setting capacity in relation to farming and business activities, and their ability to implement their goals, while taking into account relational aspects. Key words: Nutrition-sensitive agriculture, Farmers, Empowerment, Emic, Women, Gender, Low-income population, Ghana
Diet modelling in the development of a healthy diet for the Ghanaian population
Authors:   University for Development Studies, Azupogo F , Agbemafle I ,   University of Health and Allied Sciences, Owusu R , Wijesinha-Bettoni R ,   Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Addy P ,   Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Aryeetey R ,   University of Ghana
Published: January 2023

Diet modelling is one of the important steps in developing food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs). However, this component remains uncommon in the FBDGs of many low-and middle-income countries. A diet modelling package (DietSolve) provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was used to formulate a healthy diet based on estimating the daily proportions of food groups that best meet the dietary goals established for the FBDGs for Ghana. Input data for the modelling included a list of commonly eaten foods across the agreed food groups, nutrient and energy content of the foods, current energy and nutrient consumption, and energy and nutrient constraints linked to the dietary goals, as determined by the FBDG multi-Sectoral Technical Task Team (MTTT). The modelling was based on assumptions and constraints including a total daily dietary energy target of 2000 kcal/day; the percentage contribution (energy targets) of the macronutrients as follows: carbohydrates (55-70%), protein (10-20 %), and fat (20-30%) to the total energy target; and calcium (1100 mg/day), iron (20 mg/day), and zinc (11 mg/day) constraints. The situation analysis and evidence review carried out as a prior step guided the diet modelling constraints. Energy contributions were also set for a serving of each food group. The final recommendations were based on food groups with each food group consisting of a variety of commonly consumed foods. The total weight of the optimized diet was estimated at 1514 g/day, including 144g/day of animal-source foods, 41.5g/day of discretionary choices, 226g/day of fruit, 227g/day of vegetables, 6g/day of healthy fats and oil, 198g/day of legumes, nuts, and seeds, and 672g/day of staples. This food group composition will provide an estimated 2639 kcal/day, a deviation of about 32% above the energy target set, made up of ~59% from carbohydrates, ~15% from protein and ~25% from fat, and meeting/exceeding the micronutrient targets set. The Optimised diet is healthier compared to the present dietary patterns of the population; its lower ASF component is known to impact less on the environment. Key words: Food-based dietary guidelines, linear programming, diet modelling, healthy diet, infood-graphic, Ghana
Development of a facilitator guide for nutrition education on overweight and obesity in the eastern region of Ghana
Authors:   Stellenbosch University, Kushitor SB , Colecraft EK ,   University of Ghana
Published: January 2023

Overweight and obesity are global public health problems. Although overweight and obesity are high in urban areas, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing steadily in rural areas. However, interventions to address overweight and obesity in rural areas are limited. This study reports on the process of developing a facilitator guide for a nutrition education program on overweight and obesity in rural Ghana. The transtheoretical model guided this study. The study was conducted in three districts in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The facilitator guide was developed according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation’s (FAO) guidelines for planning community nutrition education. This study engaged nutrition and agricultural officers working in the study area and academics through an iterative process to draft, revise, and design the facilitator guide. The procedures included a desk literature review, analysis of secondary data, telephone interviews, a seminar and two workshops. The guide consists of five lessons. Lesson 1 creates an awareness of overweight and obesity by providing a definition and the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale. It also includes data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity and abdominal obesity of women in the study area. Lesson 2 discusses body image perceptions and their association with overweight and obesity. Lesson 3 highlights the economic, social and health consequences of overweight and obesity. Lesson 4 explains the four-star diet and how to achieve it. The lesson includes a description of each star of the four-star diet with local examples. Lesson 5 discusses physical activity and steps to increase physical activity. Each lesson ends with a key message. Songs were developed for Lessons 3, 4 and 5. This study describes the process of developing a facilitator guide for overweight and obesity education at the community level. The guide can be used to raise awareness of overweight and obesity and weight management. Key words: Overweight, Obesity, Transtheoretical theory, Four-star diet, Overweight intervention, Exercise, Ghana
Predictors and consequences of overweight and obesity in the household: A mixed methods study on rural Ghanaian women and men farmers
Authors:   McGill University, Arnouk MK , Marquis GS , Dodoo ND ,   University of Ghana
Published: January 2023

Overweight/obesity (OW/OB) rates are increasing in Ghana. This study aims to identify the predictors of OW/OB in women, men, and at the household level (having at least one person as OW/OB in the household) in rural Ghana and examine local perceptions of the consequences of having an OW/OB person in the household. This was a cross-sectional mixed methods study. The quantitative data was a secondary analysis of the baseline data from the LinkINg Up (LU) project; a nutrition-sensitive agriculture intervention in eight rural communities in the Eastern Region of Ghana (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03869853). The sample included 331 women and 205 men, 19-90 years old; there were 196 households that had both a participating woman and man (spouse, son, brother, or father). Logistic regression was used to assess variables associated with OW/OB in women (n=322), men (n=205), and households (n=196). Exposure variables included age, social support, mental health, self-efficacy, food security, the other family members’ OW/OB status, and others. Qualitative data included six focus group discussions (FGDs) (three with women and three with men, aged 22-69 years and recruited from the comparison arm of the LU project) were conducted in February-March 2022 in three of the eight project communities. A structured guide and a body figure instrument were used. The FGD recordings were translated and transcribed from Krobo to English. The analysis used an inductive thematic approach. Both women and men’s OW/OB were positively associated with age and wealth. Women’s OW/OB was negatively associated with age squared, and the score for mental health symptoms. Men’s OW/OB was negatively associated with being Krobo compared to other ethnicities. Households in the highest wealth tertile were 2.5-fold more likely to have at least one person who is OW/OB as compared to households in a lower wealth tertile. Participants expressed positive social consequences of having an OW/OB person for their families (for example respect). A person’s size was concerning only when it affected one’s ability to farm or make money, which would harm the household unit (for example lead to food insecurity, children dropping out of school). Having money was seen as a modifier for the negative effects. No negative consequences were perceived for OW people. The implications of the interruption of an OB person’s work on their family are worrisome and call for interventions that address poverty and food insecurity along with nutrition. Key words: Africa, farmer, household, social norms, perceptions, body image, overweight, obesity, predictors
Drivers of anaemia reduction among women of reproductive age in the eastern and upper west regions of Ghana: A secondary data analysis of the Ghana demographic and health surveys
Authors:   University of Ghana, Tetteh A , Adanu RMK , Folson G , Agyabeng K , Dwomoh D , Aryeetey R
Published: January 2023

Anaemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) increases the risk of pregnancy-related morbidity, mortality, and poor pregnancy outcomes. Globally, there is growing interest to reduce anaemia among WRA. In Ghana, anaemia among WRA declined at the national level between 2008 (59%) and 2014 (42%). There were also important declines at the sub-national level. The Eastern region (in the south) and Upper West region (in the north) provide an interesting opportunity to understand the decline. Identifying the drivers of anaemia reduction among WRA in Ghana provides important implementation science evidence for designing effective interventions. This current study examined the drivers of reduced anaemia prevalence in women of reproductive age using data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys for 2008 and 2014. Anaemia was diagnosed as haemoglobin<12.0g/dl. Data were summarized using proportions and 95% confidence intervals. A weighted binary logistic-based multivariate decomposition technique was used to identify the potential drivers of anaemia across surveys for 2003, 2008 and 2014. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to test the robustness of the results of the decomposition analysis using haemoglobin concentration. The results of the decomposition analysis were presented as endowment and coefficient effects. Statistical analysis was carried out using Stata version 15. There was an improvement in access to water and sanitation, health services, family planning, and health insurance across surveys. Drivers of anaemia reduction over time at the national level included wealth index and maternal age, education, use of hormonal contraception and body mass index (BMI). In the Eastern region, the drivers of change were household wealth index, maternal age, hormonal contraceptive use and BMI. The drivers of change in the Upper West region, were household access to water, maternal education and BMI. The findings suggest that multi-level interventions are needed across sectors to further reduce anaemia among WRA. Key words: Anaemia, Women, Nutrition, Reproductive-age, Ghana, Haemoglobin, Regression, Decomposition analysis
Sobre a importância de fazer perguntas incômodas
Authors: Dittrich Alexandre
Published: January 2023

Neste ensaio, apresento sinteticamente dois artigos complementares publicados pelo professor José Antônio Damásio Abib em 1993: (1) “‘A Psicologia é ciência?’ O que é ciência?”; (2) “‘A Psicologia é ciência?’ Ciência é articulação de discursos da filosofia, da his­tória da ciência e da Psicologia”. Aponto porque os argumentos presentes nesses artigos foram importantes para minha formação como behaviorista radical e analista do comportamento – e, por extensão, porque podem ser importantes para a formação de outras pessoas. Abib evidencia que as respostas a perguntas complexas, como aquelas que aparecem nos títulos dos artigos, exigem a conjugação de esforços de várias disciplinas, tanto filosóficas quanto científicas. Com isso, contrapõe-se ao conformismo das respostas imediatas, simples e fixas, levando-nos a ampliar e aprofundar o debate. A insistência no questionamento, na dúvida, no ceticismo e na investigação caracterizam a obra do professor Abib, e servem de exemplo à nossa comunidade.
IOSEPHO MARAIANO MACIONI ELEGIA
Authors: Bologna Antonio
Published: January 2023

Elegy for Joseph Macjon.
QUID ISOCRATES DE BENE SUA GERENTIS VIRTUTE EXCULTA IUDICAVERIT
Authors: Danek Zbigniew
Published: January 2023

In his Panathenaic speech, Isocrates contrasts his own teaching program with traditional models of Greek education, both the earlier one and the more scientific one that is favoured in his times: his aim is to form the minds of students in such a manner that they can seize any opportunity that comes along, that in the social intercourse they always remain indulgent and patient, and – what seems the most important here – that they become able to endure both luck and misfortune with courage and appreciate not the things obtained merely by chance, but the ones gained by their toil and effort (Panath. 30–32). And Isocrates’ respect to steadily working mind becomes even greater with time: the result of such a labour must be some prudence (“phronesis”) – the aim of every justly conceived education. Isocrates’ “phronesis” is not Platonic excellence of mind, permanent and always the same, it is the skill and talent of discovering how to adjust to changing public affairs, but at the same time it shall remain constant and unchangeable in its imperative good – the benefit of Athens and its citizens.
Análisis filogenético de aislamientos patogénicos de la familia botryosphaeriaceae en cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en la zona de Los Ríos
Authors: Jiménez Wendy , Ramírez Andrés , López Jonathan , Alvarez Andry
Published: January 2023

Los problemas fitosanitarios causados por hongos vasculares que afectan a las plantaciones de cacao CCN-51, han tomado gran importancia en las últimas décadas, por los daños que le producen. Especies de la familia Botryosphaeriaceae están asociadas a cancros y secamiento de yemas, muerte descendente, pudrición de frutos y pudrición del cuello, síntomas que se han observados en diferentes zonas y que merman la producción de la planta. Con el objetivo de caracterizar e identificar a nivel molecular aislamientos patogénicos de este hongo, se muestrearon cinco árboles sintomáticos seleccionados de fincas localizadas los cantones: Buena Fe, Mocache, Quevedo, Quinsaloma y Valencia de la provincia de Los Ríos, obteniendo 15 aislamientos de los cuales se extrajo ADN y utilizaron secuencias de las regiones de ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) y EF1-a (Factor de elongación de alpha). Los tamaños de secuencia se verificaron mediante electroforesis y se establecieron las identidades putativas de 3 especies utilizando la herramienta de Basic local aligment (BLAST). Los árboles filogenéticos construidos mediante los algoritmos de máxima verosimilitud y vecinos cercanos, con los aislamientos en cinco cantones, confirmaron la presencia de Lasiodiplodia theobromae en Quevedo, Diplodia seriata en Quinsaloma y Botryosphaeria dothidea en Valencia, Mocache y Buena Fe, resaltando una politomía entre estos últimos.
NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DAN KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM CERITA RAKYAT SUMBAWA
Authors: Desmawanti Rosa
Published: January 2023

This study deals with the values of character education and local wisdom in Sumbawa Regency’s folklores.. This study aims to describing the types, content,  the values of character education, the local wisdoms, and relevance with literature taught in elementary school. There are three sub-districts in Sumabawa Regency, they are Plampang, Lenanggular, and Utan. The subjects of this study were folklores entitled Paruma Ero, Batu Tongkok, Bola Sabale, and Meke Serep. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The technique of the data  analysis employs flow model analysis starting from collection, reduction, service, and conclusion. The raw data from the fields were selected, grouped, and arranged into an easy-to-analyze form to conclude. The research result from folklores ere; a myth, a legend, and a tale. The four folklores contain many character education values to impart curiosity, caring about environment, peace, high-determination, spirit of nationality, responsibility, honesty, creativity, religion, discipline, and independence.
SHU’UBATU KITABATI AL-JUMALI AL-‘ARABIYYATI LADA THULLABI MA’HADI MAWARIDISSALAM BATANGKAIS DELI SERDANG SUMATRA AL-SYIMALIYYAH
Authors: Rahmawati Baiq Laili , Nasution Alifuddin , Bahruddin Uril
Published: January 2023

Abstract

This research is a research oriented to the analysis of difficulties in writing Arabic sentences in third grade students of Tsnawiyah Mawaridussalam, Batangkais, North Sumatra. The purpose of this study is to find out what difficulties are experienced by students, what factors cause these difficulties, and how they affect students. This study use descriptive qualitative research methods, while the data collection techniques use unstructured interviews and data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, presentation, and verification. The results of this study indicate that students still have difficulty in distinguishing letters that have a similar appearance and makharijul letters are similar. The influencing factors are divided into internal factors in the form of interest, motivation, and knowledge of students towards the mufradat and qaidah of Arabic writing and external factors in the form of environment, teachers, and infrastructure. These difficulties have an impact on students' academic achievement. This study shows that the difficulties and factors as well as the impact on the difficulty of writing Arabic for each person are different, but cannot be separated from the things that have been mentioned in the study.

Keywords: Difficulty, Writing Skills, Students, Learning Arabic

 

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AL 'ALAAQAH BAINA ISTII'AABI AL ASHWAT AL 'ARABIYYAH LADAA ATH THALIBAAT WA QUDRATIHINNA FII FAHMI AL MASMUU'
Authors: Sari Maya
Published: January 2023

The questions from this research are: Is there a relationship between the students comprehension of Arabic sounds and their ability to comprehend audio for the third secondary grade at Ma’had Ulun Nuha, Medan Johor. This research aims to find out the relationship between female students' comprehension of Arabic sounds and their ability to comprehend listening for the third secondary grade at Ma’had Ulun Nuha, Medan Johor. The research methodology used is quantitative field research with relational type, and the data analysis method used is a statistical method with the symbol Rank Order. The result of this research was that the result of the relationship between female students’ comprehension of Arabic sounds and their ability to understand listening for the third secondary grade at Ma’had Ulun Nuha, Medan Johor is 0.468, which indicates that the relationship between them is moderate or moderate in a positive way. And knew that the commutative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Finally, knew that there was a relationship between the two variables.
DAAFA’IYATU ATTA’LIIM WA’ALAAQOTUHAA BISTII’AABI QOWAAIDI ALLUGAH AL’AROBIYYAH BIMA’HAD SABIILIL ALMUKMININ
Authors: Lubis Arbonas , Rozaanah Rozaanah , Ginting Qurrata Ayuni Br
Published: January 2023

One of the general principles of teaching Arabic grammar is that the learner must feel the need for the rules and feel their usefulness, and the need for internal motivation. Research question: Is there a relationship between learning motivation and comprehension of Arabic grammar among eleventh grade students in the secondary stage at Sabeel Al-Muminin Institute in Najai? Its aim is to find out the relationship between learning motivation and comprehension of Arabic grammar among eleventh grade students in the secondary stage at Sabeel Al-Muminin Institute in Najai. The method used is the quantitative method of the relational type, and the method of analyzing the data used is a statistical method with the symbol Product Moment. As a result of the research, there is a relationship between learning motivation and comprehension of Arabic grammar among eleventh grade students in secondary school at Sabeel Al-Muminin Institute in Nagai, with a correlation coefficient value of 0.808, and the relationship is strong in the same direction. The reciprocal hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. In conclusion, there is a strong relationship between learning motivation and comprehension of rules.
TATBIQU TA’LIM AL ASHWAT AL AROBIYYAH ‘ALA AL MANHAJ AD DIROSY 2013 BI MADROSATI ATSANAWIYYAH
Authors: Rahman Ali Fathur
Published: January 2023

This study examines application of Arabic Ashwat Learning based on the 2013 curriculum at MA Palapa Nusantara East Lombok. The aim of the study was to analyze the strategy for implementing Arabic Ashwat learning in Madrasahs at MA Palapa Nusantara East Lombok and to find out and analyze the influence of Arabic ashwat learning based on the 2013 curriculum at MA Palapa Nusantara East Lombok. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The data collection method used is the method of observation, interviews, and documentation to obtain data or information related to Arabic Ashwat Learning at MA Palapa Nusantara East Lombok. Teaching sounds, not only in studying sound material for Arabic, in every educational subject there must be teaching sounds, teaching sounds is mandatory for all Arabic language teachers to continue to apply and continue in all their lessons. Arabic aswat learning at Palapa Nusantara school has implementation based on the curriculum, in which the teacher directs and applies orderly learning starting from the opening, reviewing previous learning, learning, question and answer, practice, and assignments.
MEDIA X-RECORDER DAN YOUTUBE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA MODA DARING
Authors: Sholihah Imro'atus
Published: January 2023

This study describes the use of X-Recorder and Youtube media applications and explains how the effectiveness of using X-Recorder and Youtube media in increasing student motivation in learning Indonesian at MTsN 4 Jombang. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. This research was conducted on class VII students of MTsN 4 Jombang. The research was conducted for two cycles with several stages which included planning, implementing actions, observing activities, and reflecting. Based on the results of the research, the enthusiasm of students in carrying out online learning has increased significantly so that it can be said that the application of X-Recorder and Youtube media can increase student motivation because students can feel the presence and guidance of the teacher so that learning is more directed and meaningful. This research concludes that the application of X-Recorder and Youtube media can increase students' learning motivation at MTs.Negeri 4 Jombang. Student learning outcomes are strongly influenced by the quality of learning implemented in madrasas. One that determines the quality of learning is the use of appropriate learning media and also the presence of a teacher. One of the learning media that can be applied to online learning is the X-Recorder and Youtube media
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS EKSPOSISI ANALITIK MENGGUNAKAN MODEL CAFE
Authors: Trisnawati Trisnawati
Published: January 2023

This research aimed to describe the implementation of cafe (critical thinking, active, fun, environment) model to enhance the students’ proficiency in writing analytical exposition texts The CAFE model was designed to make it easier for the students to write their analytical exposition texts by using three writing steps, pre-writing, writing, and post-writing activities. Some difficulties faced by students when they have to make a thesis, argue for it, and find evidence to support the arguments. The problem formulation of this research is how the CAFÉ learning model can enhance students’ ability to write analytical expository texts in XI IPA3 MAN IC Gorontalo. The method used in the research is Classroom Action Research with two cycles. Each cycle is conducted in three meetings. The respondents are 17 students in grade XI IPA3. The result shows that the average score in cycle one was 62.64, compared to 79.12 in cycle two. The CAFÉ model has proved that it can address the students’ difficulties in making their thesis, making arguments, finding evidence, connecting their ideas, and making a reiteration in writing analytical expository text.
PENGARUH MODEL QUICK ON THE DRAW TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI MENGIDENTIFIKASI INFORMASI TEKS LAPORAN HASIL OBSERVASI
Authors: Fahrizal Zaki
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Quick on The Draw model on student learning motivation and student learning outcomes in the basic competence of identifying text information on observation reports. The method used is a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The independent variable in this study is the Quick on The Draw model while learning motivation and student learning outcomes are the dependent variable. The population in this study were students of class VII MTsN 4 Tangerang, Academic Year 2022-2023 with a sample of class VII.1 students as the control class and students of class VII.2 as the experimental class. The sampling technique is simple random sampling. Data collection was carried out using multiple choice written tests to measure student learning outcomes and student motivation questionnaires to determine student motivation. Based on the results of the study, learning motivation and student learning outcomes in the experimental class were higher than those in the control class with a significance value (0.000 <0.05). Based on the results of the t-test analysis, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Quick on The Draw model on learning motivation and student learning outcomes in the basic competencies of identifying information in the text of observation reports.
Медіасоціалізація як компонент медіаосвіти
Authors: Венідіктов С. В.
Published: January 2023

У статті показано, що стихійність медіасоціалізації проявляється через такі особливості: 1) брак усвідомлюваної суб’єктом мети; 2) суперечливість усвідомлюваних індивідом завдань медіасоціалізації; 3) неоднорідність компетентностей, що набуваються; 4) залежність від специфіки локального інформаційного середовища; 5) взаємообумовленість із завданнями основної активності в офлайн-середовищі; 6) брак точних хронологічних рамок; 7) неоднозначність з’ясування параметрів медіасоціалізованої особистості. Стихійний процес медіасоціалізації не суперечить загальному керованому характеру медіаосвіти, а доповнює його, формуючи нове медійне середовище, новий тип суб’єкта освітнього простору. Найбільш перспективним напрямом у статті визначено інтеграцію практик стихійної медіасоціалізації в медіаосвітні програми, що дозволить ефективно використати природний процес розвитку медійної грамотності та систематизувати необхідні компетентності.
«Мова перемоги» в інформаційному дискурсі війни
Authors: Супрун В. М.
Published: January 2023

У статті йдеться про нове явище вітчизняного медіадискурсу, інспіроване широкомасштабною війною 2022 року, яке пропонуємо назвати «мовою перемоги». Установлено, що воно займає полярну позицію до вже відомого, добре дослідженого поняття «мова ворожнечі».  З’ясовано, що механізм упливу «мови перемоги» на масову аудиторію має меліоративно позитивний, стимулюючий характер: реципієнт відчуває єднання, силу подолати будь-які перешкоди на шляху до перемоги, довгоочікуваного миру. Функціонуючи у межах єдиного інформаційного марафону, «мова перемоги» представлена різними ситуативними контекстами. Зазначено, що «мова перемоги» інспірує віру в непереможність української нації, абсолютизує служіння в ім’я захисту мирного життя на своїй землі.
Соціальна відповідальність брендів в Україні (на прикладі організації спортивних заходів)
Authors: Фісенко Т. В. , Балюн О. О.
Published: January 2023

У статті на прикладі брендів «Нова пошта», Wizz Air розглянуто організацію забігів у 2021 р., медіаефект від них, потенційний вплив на імідж у контексті корпоративної соціальної відповідальності (КСВ). У дослідженні використано методи: контент-аналіз,а вейвлет-аналіз. За допомогою першого методу було визначено, які саме події мали найбільший резонанс в інформаційному полі. Вейвлет-аналіз, що здійснювався за допомогою Attack Index, був застосований для побудови графіка коливання інформаційних хвиль як для усіх подій навколо брендів, так і для деталізованого пошуку за назвами подій. За результатами розгляду кейсів з організації бігових подій було визначено доцільні для брендів прийоми з організації, які мають відчутний медійний, іміджевий ефект.
Формування комп’ютерної компетентності студентів спеціальності 061 «Журналістика»
Authors: Головко О. А.
Published: January 2023

Статтю присвячено розгляду питань формування комп’ютерної компетентності студентів спеціальності 061 «Журналістика». Комп’ютерна компетентність визначається як готовність студентів спеціальності 061 «Журналістика» застосовувати на практиці різноманітні програмні засоби для збору, зберігання, обробки та передачі інформації. Вона проявляється у знанні можливостей комп’ютерної техніки, вмінні ефективно реалізовувати їх у конкретній практичній професійній та соціальній діяльності.