bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Judicial practice of proceedings on cases of conditional early release from punishment in the absence of a convicted person
Authors: Dikaeva Elina
Published: September 2023

The article investigates the procedural procedure for considering the convicted person’s petition for parole, the process of proving that the convicted person does not need to fully serve the sentence imposed by the court. It is substantiated that the existing procedure for proceedings on parole in the absence of a convicted person contradicts the provisions of article 247 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes that the trial must be conducted with the mandatory participation of the defendant. In the absence of the defendant, the trial is allowed for crimes of small and medium gravity, if the defendant requests it, as well as in exceptional cases in cases of serious and especially serious crimes, if the convicted person is outside of Russia and (or) evades court appearance. In addition, by holding a court session without the participation of the convicted person, the court cannot evaluate the evidence presented for their admissibility and reliability, as well as decide what additional duties should be assigned to the convicted person.
Roma İmparatorluğu’nun Doğu Politikasında Polemon Krallığı’nın Rolü
Authors: EMİR Osman
Published: September 2023

Antik çağda Pontos Bölgesi, doğuda Kafkas Coğrafyası ile batıda Anadolu’yu birbirine bağlayan stratejik bir noktada yer alır. Tarihsel süreçte bölge, bulunduğu stratejik konumdan ötürü askerî ve siyasi alanda oldukça hareketli bir coğrafya olmuştur. Hellenistik Dönem’de Mithradates Krallığı’nın merkezinde yer alan bu coğrafya, Roma hâkimiyeti döneminde imparatorluğun doğuda yürüttüğü askerî faaliyetlerde ikmal üssü, hatta ileri bir garnizon görevi üstlenmiştir. Öyle ki Roma, kendisi için stratejik önem arz eden Pontos Bölgesi’ni coğrafi konumu, dağlık yapısı ve Roma hâkimiyet sahasına olan uzaklığından dolayı genellikle vassal krallıklarla yönetme yoluna gitmiştir. Roma’nın Pontos Bölgesi’nin yönetimini verdiği bu vassal krallıların başında ise Polemon Krallığı gelmektedir. Bu krallığın hanedanı üyeleri yaklaşık bir asır Pontos Bölgesi’ni Roma’ya bağlı bir krallık olarak yönetmiştir. Bu yönetim süresince krallık bölgede istikrarlı bir politika sürdürmüş, bu başarılarından dolayı da dönem dönem Roma tarafından yeni topraklarla ödüllendirilmiştir. Hanedanın son üyesi II. Polemon döneminde krallığın sınırları Pontos’dan başlayarak kuzeyde Bopsoros toprakları güneyde ise Armenia Minor’a kadar uzanmıştır. Polmeon Krallığı’nın bu bölgedeki başlıca görevi bir taraftan Roma hâkimiyetini bölgede tesis etmek iken, diğer taraftan Roma’nın doğu seferlerinde Roma ordularına ikmal ve asker desteğinde bulunmaktı. Bu çalışmada Polomon Krallığı’nın Pontos Bölgesi’ndeki faaliyetleri, krallığın Roma’nın doğu politikasında oynadığı rolü ve bölgenin Polemon Krallığı’nın güçlenmesindeki stratejik önemi incelenecektir.
SKYLINE QUERY BASED ON USER PREFERENCES IN CELLULAR ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Djatna Taufik , Annisa Annisa , Sitanggang Imas Sukaesih
Published: September 2023

The recommendation system is an important tool for providing personalized suggestions to users about products or services. However, previous research on individual recommendation systems using skyline queries has not considered the dynamic personal preferences of users. Therefore, this study aims to develop an individual recommendation model based on the current individual preferences and user location in a mobile environment. We propose an RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) score-based algorithm to predict the current individual preferences of users. This research utilizes the skyline query method to recommend local cuisine that aligns with the individual preferences of users. The attributes used in selecting suitable local cuisine include individual preferences, price, and distance between the user and the local cuisine seller. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in the JALITA mobile-based Indonesian local cuisine recommendation system. The results effectively recommend local cuisine that matches the dynamic individual preferences and location of users. Based on the implementation results, individual recommendations are provided to mobile users anytime and anywhere they are located. In this study, three skyline objects are generated: soto betawi (C5), Mie Aceh Daging Goreng (C4), and Gado-gado betawi (C3), which are recommended local cuisine based on the current individual preferences (U1) and user location (L1). The implementation results are exemplified for one user located at (U1L1), providing recommendations for soto betawi (C5) with an individual preference score of 0.96, Mie Aceh Daging Goreng (C4) with an individual preference score of 0.93, and Gado-gado betawi (C3) with an individual preference score of 0.98. Thus, this research contributes to the field of individual recommendation systems by considering the dynamic user location and preferences.
PEMBERDAYAAN TTG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI AMPIANG PADA MITRA DI KOTA PANGKALPINANG
Authors: Yuliyanto Yuliyanto , Zulfitriyanto Zulfitriyanto , Somawardi Somawardi , Ventani Embun
Published: September 2023

The aim of the Community Service Program for the Ampiang manufacturing group partners in the Selindung Lama sub-district, Gabek District, Pangkalpinang City is to increase production capacity and quality and improve the partner's business management system. The survey results found problems in the fish grinding production process carried out by partners still using the manual method. As a result, partners' production capabilities are limited. In addition, from a business management perspective, partners are still not optimal. The average fish grinding ability of partners is 7-10 kg in 4 hours. From the results of the discussion, the production system was improved by holding a fish grinding machine and marketing management training. Making alternative concepts based on data from literature studies, interviews with partners. The alternative concept chosen as the machine design is assessed based on the results of discussions with partners which are seen in the aspects of frame dimensions, machine height, grinder dimensions, motor power used, machine plate size used. The manufacturing production process is carried out in the Mechanic workshop of the Bangka Belitung State Polytechnic of Manufacturing (Polman Babel). The trial results of the fish grinding machine obtained a very fast time of 10 kg/5 minutes. So that Ampiang's production, which was previously only 15 kg, increased to 45 kg. The business management training that was carried out included small/medium business bookkeeping training, and small industry business management training. As a result, the bookkeeping and marketing process is more focused and orders can be made online.
PELATIHAN DAN PENERAPAN CHSE DAN K3 BAGI PENGELOLA OBJEK WISATA PEMANDIAN AIR PANAS PADANG GANTING
Authors: Fardinal Fardinal , Komala Dewi Ranti
Published: September 2023

Padang Ganting Hot water springs, Tanah Datar regency has experienced a drastic increase in tourist visits in 3 years. Although the problem faced is that visitors often faint due to soaking in hot water and there are even some who are found dead after soaking in hot springs. In addition, visitors' neglect of health protocols in the context of preventing the transmission of Covid-19 while in the bathing area is also a problem that cannot be ruled out. This is exacerbated by the lack of information provided at the bathing location and the incompetence of the management officers in carrying out their respective duties, thereby risking the safety of visitors. Especially now that we are in the Adaptation of New Habits to fight the spread of the Coronavirus, no preventive action has been taken at this tourist attraction which refers to the Covid health protocol. The purpose of this activity is to increase the manager's understanding of K3 and CHSE (cleanliness, health, safety, and environment) at the Padang Ganting Hot Springs tourist attraction. The method of implementing this service activity begins with an initial survey in the field and then continues with Focus Group Discussion activities then training related to the implementation of CHSE (cleanliness, health, safety, environment), installation of occupational safety and health signs and signs calling for the application of CHSE and ends with monitoring and mentoring both directly and online at this tourist attraction. The result of this activity is that managers understand and implement CHSE, the availability of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) at Padang Ganting hot springs, and the installation of occupational safety and health signs (OSH) and the installation of signboards an appeal for the application of CHSE in Padang Ganting hot springs. So, can avoid the risk of visitors fainting and even dying while soaking in the Padang Ganting Hot Springs.
Analisis Pengaruh Pengujian Tekan Terhadap Suhu, Pengeringan Awal, Suhu dan lama Penahanan Waktu Pemanasan Bata Merah
Authors: Yuliyanto Yuliyanto , Yudo Eko , Ramli Ramli
Published: September 2023

Salah satu bahan yang sangat penting dalam pembuatan kontruksi rumah atau gedung adalah bata merah. Bata merah terbuat dari tanah liat yang dicampur dengan pasir dan air. Kemudian di campur secara merata dengan cara di pijak menggunakan kaki sampai kalis atau merata. Selanjutnya tanah yang sudah dicampur dicetak sesuai keinginan Umunya ukuran bata merah adalah panjang 200 mm, lebar 9 dan tinggi 10 mm. Menurut standar mutu Batu merah dikatakan bermutu dan berkualitas baik apabila memiliki beberapa kriteria diantaranya mempunyai ukuran, kuat tekan dan daya serap air yang dipersyaratkan. penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat Pengaruh lama waktu proses pengerasan setelah dicetak, pengaruh Waktu dan Temperatur Pemanasan Dan Topografi Permukaan Bata Merah Dengan Metode RSM. Hasinya Hasil menunjukan bahwa nilai uji tekan terkecil yaitu sebesar 131.4 kg/cm2. Nilai yang terbesar sebesar 148 kg/cm2. Pengaruh lama pengeringan, suhu pemanasan dan waktu proses sangat besar pengaruhnya terhadap kekuatan tekan. Dimana Semakin lama proses pengeringan maka hasil pengujian tekan semakin tinggi. Sedangkan semakin tinggi temperature pemanasan, maka nilai uji tekan terjadi penurunan walaupun tidak terlalu besar. pengaruh waktu proses terhadap kekuatan tekan tidak memberikan perngaruh yang besar walaupun terjadi penurunan. Hasil SEM menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi temperatur pemanasan maka permukaan batu bata akan membentuk Kristal yang menyebabkan penyatuan kekuatan tekan meningkat.
Sistem Informasi E-Disposisi Perguruan Tinggi XYZ Dengan Metode FAST
Authors: Afriansyah Riki , Pratama M Setya
Published: September 2023

Manajemen yang baik dalam pengelolaan persuratan sangat diperlukan bagi instansi pemerintah. Di era digital saat ini pengelolaan administrasi surat dengan menggunakan sistem layanan persuratan lebih efektif dan efisien dibandingkan pengelolaan yang menggunakan cara konvensional. Polman Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung masih menggunakan cara konvensional dalam pengelolaan administrasi surat. oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah sistem informasi e-disposisi agar mempermudah dalam pengelolaan surat seperti disposisi dan pencarian dokumen yang lebih efisien dari sisi waktu. Sistem informasi dapat diakses dimanapun sehingga mempermudah pimpinan dan pejabat kampus untuk melakukan disposisi dengan cepat. Dalam perancangan sistem informasi e-disposisi ini menggunakan metode FAST. Pada tahapan analisa kebutuhan menggunakan metode UML karena sistem yang dikembangkan berorientasi objek serta pada tahapan pengujian menggunakan metode black box testing. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa fungsional sistem e-disposisi berjalan dengan baik serta dilakukan perbandingan pengukuran waktu diperoleh bahwa untuk melakukan pencarian dan disposisi memerlukan waktu kurang dari 1 menit.
Desain dan Implementasi Modul Kit Laboratorium Mikrokontroler AT89S52 dengan Single PCB, Portable dan Prospektif
Authors: Yuliza Milda , Rahmana Putra Fatum , Yultrisna Yultrisna , Madona Era , Chandranata Adi
Published: September 2023

This study aims to design and implement a new design of a single PCB, portable and prospective laboratory kit module. The laboratory kits made are easy to assemble, with relatively small dimensions. and suitable for use in laboratories with limited experimental space and funds. The objectives of this research are (a) creating a microcontroller trainer by creating a series of minimum systems, inputs, outputs, Analog Digital Converter (ADC), (b) system programming using the Keil C51 IDE, (c) measuring and testing trainer performance. The research method starts from making a physical trainer, programming the microcontroller and measuring circuit performance. Pulse width modulation (PWM) of DC motors and the direction of rotation of the motor can be controlled using a potentiometer. The wave that is obtained when the motor is at full speed is in the form of a straight line with a voltage of 9.12 V, while when the motor is at half-full speed, a PWM pulse wave is obtained with a voltage of 4.35 V. The test is carried out based on student practicum work on each input circuit, and the output results are all applications tested successfully as expected.
Metode Matrix Morfology Untuk Perancangan Bangun Alat Perakit Knob Switch Assy Electric Park Brake Module
Authors: Wahyu Cahyo Purnomo A , Ardhian Nugroho Oktavianus , Dwi Septiawan Eustachius
Published: September 2023

Mesin Press untuk switch Assy EPB Modul merupakan SPM (Spesial Purpose Machine) dengan fungsi khusus untuk melakukan proses pengepresan produk EPB (Electric Park Brake) yaitu rem parkir yang dikontrol secara elektronik, di mana pengemudi mengaktifkan mekanisme penahan dengan sebuah tombol. Selama ini proses assembly produk EPB menggunakan mekanisme manual dengan menekan part-part oleh operator. Proses ini masih belum optimal, karena itu dibutuhkan pengembangan system assembly EPB baru guna meningkatkan dan mencapai proses produksi yang maksimal. system pengepresan produk EPB sebelumnya menggunakan jig. jig dirancang dan dibuat menggunakan sensor photoelectrik yang terintegrasi dengan PLC. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan Quality Assurance dari tiap produk EPB serta meningkatkan produktivitas menjadi lebih stabil. Proses assembly produk EPB sebelumnya dilakukan secara manual oleh operator dan sering terjadi kesalahan berupa ketidak sesuaian pemasangan dalam prosesnya. Dalam tulisan ini telah dirancang dan dibuat sebuah mesin press dengan operasi sistem secara sekuensial dengan program bahasa ladder yang disimpan dalam PLC. Sekuensial akan berjalan bedasarkan trigger dari limit switch dan photoelectric untuk mendeteksi setiap produk yang masuk pada proses pengepresan. Hasil dari penelitian ini kualitas dan efisiensi proses assembly EPB meningkat di mana human error yang menyebabkan kegagalan produk menjadi berkurang, selain itu alat yang dibuat mempunyai keunggulan antaralain idletime dalam proses produksi EPB dapat diminimalisir.
Acoustic detections and sightings of blue whales Balaenoptera musculus in the Seychelles, western tropical Indian Ocean (2020-2022)
Authors: Stafford KM , Boussarie G , Caputo M , Irvine L , Laing S , Nancy E , Pearson H , Kiszka JJ
Published: September 2023

Historically, the Seychelles archipelago was an opportunistic whaling ground for fleets en route to and from the Antarctic. Soviet whalers illegally killed 500 blue whales near the Seychelles in the 1960s. Since then, no dedicated research has occurred to understand the ecological importance of this region for blue whales. Based on opportunistic sightings, we undertook 2 expeditions to assess the occurrence of blue whales. The overall goals were to determine blue whale distribution, obtain photo-identification data and collect the first acoustic data on this species in this region using a hydrophone deployed for a year. The expeditions consisted of vessel-based visual surveys that focused on the slope habitat (500-2000 m) off the northern portion of the Mahé Plateau. Over the 2 expeditions, a total of 5 sightings of up to 10 animals were seen. The results of our acoustic monitoring off Seychelles demonstrate that blue whales occur there regularly, primarily from December to April, and that the acoustic population identity matches that from near Sri Lanka. Published records and the results of our work suggest that blue whales from the northwestern Indian Ocean are seasonally present in the western equatorial Indian Ocean.
Have you diagnosed a patient with NMOSD or gMG?
Authors: Alexion
Published: September 2023

View our latest infographic, which provides updates in the field of neurological conditions, focusing on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myasthenia gravis (gMG). These rare autoimmune diseases are detailed with prevalence statistics and primary treatment goals, as well as the common goal of ensuring an early and accurate diagnosis in order to optimise patient outcomes.
DAMPAK DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM AKIBAT TERJADINYA PENGGABUNGAN PERUSAHAAN (MERGER) TERHADAP KARYAWAN
Authors: Munandar Aris , Apriani Rani
Published: September 2023

Companies usually decide to merge with the aim of increasing the variety of business fields, funds, the level of efficiency of company management, to liquidity. Although a merger can bring many advantages, it also has some negative effects that can occur. Especially for the parties in the company. One of them is the employee. The problems that will be studied by the author in this study are: 1). What is the impact of the merger on employees; 2). How is the legal protection due to the merger of companies (merger) for employees. This research is a normative juridical research. The results of this study conclude that the impact of the merger for employees is that layoffs can occur which are very detrimental. Therefore, legal protection must be given to employees to ensure justice for them.

Keywords: Merger; Impact and Legal Protection; Employee.
Introduction
Authors: Maury Corinne
Published: September 2023

This chapter propose a definition of place in contemporary cinema. Neither space nor territory, place is altogether different from landscape, the celebrated topos of film studies. Drawing on social sciences, geography, sociology, ethnography, architecture and literature, this chapter first defines the notions of site, landscape, territory. In a second step, it defines the place as a telluric spatiality, a territorial concreteness that describes the state of the world. Place can also acknowledge difference, legitimize strangeness, respect what is apart. In a phenomenological approach, this chapter states that the most notable and substantial quality of place is its capacity to host events, to condense the experiences produced by bodies. Within these spaces, forces of emancipation and existential adynamy are at play. This chapter discuss the place as a spatial and temporal refuge where daily practices are stored, exposed, experimented with, but are not exclusively related to forms of stability, regularity or norms. Sometimes, insecurities and vulnerabilities can hide in it and spread.
Introduction
Authors: Snir Reuven
Published: September 2023

The Introduction describes how the recent developments in various branches of Palestinian and Arab-Jewish cultures and identities may be analysed throughout the recent theoretical contributions on identity and the issue of inessential solidarities by major cultural theorists and sociologists. The question, and the theorization, of identity is a matter of considerable political significance, and is only to be advanced when both the necessity and the impossibility of identities, and the suturing of the psychic and the discursive in their constitution, are fully and unambiguously acknowledged. Throughout the last decades, discussions around the idea of identity have been channeled into two major positions or models: the primordialist and the non-primordialist. The first assumes that there is an essential content to any identity which is defined by common origin or common structure of experience. The second major position, which encompasses all other non-primordialist views regarding identity, including the instrumentalist and the constructivist, argues that identities are constructed through an interplay of cultural reproduction, everyday reinforcements, as well as institutional arrangements. The non-primordialist position emphasizes the impossibility of fully separate distinct identities.
Chronicle: The Ongoing Nakba
Authors: Snir Reuven
Published: September 2023

The chapter deals with a chronicle of the Palestinian people in the mid-1980s against the backdrop of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 and the years prior to the outbreak of the first Intifāḍa in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in December 1987. In fact, it is a chronicle undertaken by a single poet, the Palestinian Maḥmūd Darwīsh, one of the most popular Arab poets in modern times, especially against the backdrop of the marginalization of poetry within the already marginalized role of literature in the age of mass media and the Internet. Although poets tend to avoid speaking in the name of collective communities, poetry as a means of expressing the agonies and miseries of a collective is still being written. One example is the poetry used by the Palestinians to chronicle their Nakba (the catastrophe of 1948) and its unending agonies. The discussion in the chapter will concentrate on the collection Ward Aqall (Fewer Roses) (1986), which the present writer considers to be one of the peaks of modern Arabic poetry.
Identity: Inessential Solidarities
Authors: Snir Reuven
Published: September 2023

The chapter is theoretically oriented, discussing the issue of Arab-Jewish identity and the changes in the concept of identity and belonging among the Arabized Jews during the twentieth century. The main argument is that, due to some processes that the Arabized Jews had experienced and because of some global developments, they gradually developed a negative sensitivity toward the notion of stable identity, whatever identity that may be, asserting instead their particular singularities and searching for alternative forms of identification, mostly various kinds of inessential solidarities and feelings of belonging. In order to present the changes of the notion of identity among the Arabized Jews, I will use the term “interpellation” coined by Louis Pierre Althusser when theorizing the constitutive process by which individuals acknowledge and respond to ideologies.
The Archaeology of Southwest Afghanistan, Volume 1
Authors: Trousdale William B. , Allen Mitchell
Published: September 2023

This book is the first of two volumes comprising a legacy report of ten years of a joint US/Afghan archaeological project in the southwest quadrant of Afghanistan-- the Helmand Valley and Sistan region. Though conducted in the 1970s, political events in Afghanistan make this both the first and most recent archaeological synthesis of the region, likely the only one for decades to come. The Helmand River is one of the main routes between the Middle East, South, and Central Asia over the past 5,000 years and project findings reflect that mixing of cultures. Our research identified key monuments from Bronze Age, Persian, Hellenistic, Buddhist, Zoroastrian, and Islamic cultures, and explored the role of intensive irrigation agriculture in one of the world’s driest regions. Among key findings of preIslamic Sistan include a previously unknown Iron Age culture, the westernmost Buddhist shrine from the early expansion of the religion, an extensive canal system that irrigated the otherwise-barren Sar-o-Tar plain, and contemporary shrines of Buddhist, Zoroastrian, and Greek religions. Contributions to Islamic archaeology include the first material correlates of the Saffarid Dynasty of the 10th-11th centuries CE, the cultural history of Shahr-i Gholghola (ancient Taq), the large fortress city occupied for almost 1500 years, and the plotting of extensive rural estates of the Timurid era.
History of the Sistan Region
Authors: Trousdale William B. , Allen Mitchell
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces the region of Sistan, the southwestern corner of Afghanistan and neighboring Pakistan and Iran, and the development of the Helmand Sistan Project, a joint US-Afghan archaeological project that conducted the most extensive fieldwork in this region in the 1970s. The primary geographic features of the area are briefly described. The forty-year process of producing a final publication of this project is chronicled. The contents of the remaining chapters of the volume are summarized.
Excavated Sites
Authors: Trousdale William B. , Allen Mitchell
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes the 11 sites excavated by the Helmand Sistan Project in the 1970s. Each site is identified with its coordinates, its type, its occupation dates(s), and its listing in the 2019 Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan (if any). A brief description of the excavation work conducted at each site is provided, including the extent and strategy of the excavation. A brief summary of the architecture and material culture found there is provided. Photographs of the site and key excavated features are included. Sites include Parthian, Sasanian, and Timurid houses, a Buddhist stupa, a Mesopotamian-style temple with Greek architectural features, a Timurid mausoleum, two fire temples, and two stratified mounds.
“Her Own Creed of Bloom”: The Transcendental Ecofeminism of Mary E. Wilkins Freeman
Authors: STONE SUSAN M.
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the influence and impact of literary transcendentalism on Mary E. Wilkins Freeman’s short fiction. It explores her desire to promote key goals such as social reform, respect for the individual and self-culture, and the study of one’s corresponding relationship to environment. The chapter also explores her efforts to go beyond the ecocritical aims of earlier writers by showcasing forward-moving, influential fictional protagonists who actually achieve and reflect on these lofty aspirations in a way similar to ecofeminism. Through analysis of four stories, “Christmas Jenny” , “Arethusa” , “The Great Pine” , and “The Apple-Tree” , this essay argues that Freeman’s characters educate and improve themselves and their worlds by challenging and changing restrictive views on gender, not only prioritizing and appreciating the spiritual beauty and companionship of the natural world—as did the first-wave transcendentalists—but also protecting it, confronting and transforming environmental irresponsibility and the patriarchal institutions who seek to perpetuate nature’s destruction for profit.
“It Won’t Be Long Before the Grind-Mill Gets Hold of Him”: Child Labor in Mary E. Wilkins Freeman’s The Portion of Labor
Authors: Dawkins Laura
Published: September 2023

This chapter argues that The Portion of Labor is one of the few works of fiction that examines the controversial issue of child labor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Freeman protests the theft of education, vitality, and individuality from generations of children who began to work for wages at an early age. Writing in the tradition of “moral realism” exemplified by Jacob Riis’s How the Other Half Lives (1890), Freeman departs from Riis in her insistence that only the organization of labor unions and the political activism of the working class—not the middle-class social reform and philanthropy that Riis espouses—can effectively address the problems of worker exploitation and childhood poverty. She demonstrates how working-class parents become trapped within a family wage economy in which older workers are discharged so that their preadolescent children, a cheaper source of labor, can fill their places. Her haunting portraits of child laborers, like her more familiar depictions of aging, impoverished women, attempt to awaken the social conscience of America and expose the ills of industrialism and assert the nation’s obligation to protect its most vulnerable citizens.
Mobilizing the Great War in Mary E. Wilkins Freeman’s Edgewater People
Authors: Mrozowski Daniel
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the rarely mentioned Great War fiction of Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, mostly collected in her 1919 volume, Edgewater People. It describes the energies of American military mobilization and enlistment as crucial concerns in her representations of the home front in a small but vital series of stories: “The Liar,” “Both Cheeks,” “The Soldier Man,” and “The Return”. This analysis confirms the flexibility and power of Freeman’s established style, while contextualizing her personal anxieties about her supposedly waning artistic and cultural influence. It also considers her place in the tradition of women’s war writing, while exploring the ways in which older, more established women writers during World War I might trouble disciplinary lines of periodization in literary history. In sum, the mobilization fiction of Edgewater People offers us an opportunity to rethink the standard stories we tell about late Freeman and about a generation of realist writers active and publishing well within the periodized confines of modernism.
Prophets, Popes and Princes
Authors: Patapan Haig
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the way revealed religion reconceived philosophy and politics, so that the modern philosopher king was now seen as someone who combined divine wisdom with political power. According to Christian doctrine, the munus triplex Christi or threefold functions or offices of Christ in his earthly ministry are those of prophet (Christ declares the will of God), priest (by which he makes sacrifice for sin) and king (by which he rules with authority over people). Prophetic, priestly and princely therefore represent the three contending ways the paradox and the promise of the philosopher king was addressed and transformed by piety. The chapter examines the nature of the prophet, and how the Christian prophet soon gave way to the establishment of the Church as Corpus Christi , giving rise to pious princes and the papacy. It then shows how struggles between princes and the papacy, combined with modern critiques of piety, undermined the ambitions of pious modern philosopher kings
The Hidden Philosopher King
Authors: Patapan Haig
Published: September 2023

The Capuchin Lecler du Tremblay, counsellor to Cardinal de Richerlieu was referred to as the éminence grise. Is a philosopher who advises or counsels kings a modern answer to the problem of philosopher king? Such a suggestion is made by the Athenian Stranger in Plato’s Laws, where a philosopher who joins a young and ruthless tyrant is recommended as the solution for radical constitutional innovation and new political foundings. Much later, Machiavelli in The Prince offers his services to Lorenzo in his attempt to show the usefulness of philosophy. Yet as an examination of the discussion of secretaries in The Prince, chapters XXII and XXIII shows, Machiavelli has concerns regarding the efficacy of this solution. This chapter contrasts Machiavelli’s reservations with those of Confucius who in his Analects, proposes the Sage-king as both feasible and desirable. It concludes by examining how modern bureaucracies can be said to fulfil such a role, and how the contest between Hegel and Weber on this question shows the limits to this modern form of the philosopher king.
Hybrid Politics and Media Instrumentalisation
Authors: Selvik Kjetil , Høigilt Jacob
Published: September 2023

The chapter introduces the political and media contexts of Tunisia and Lebanon and discusses why media instrumentalisation has accompanied press freedom and pluralism. Fragile institutions, a culture of informality, and social volatility make countries that have recently democratized or that oscillate between democracy and autocracy especially vulnerable to media capture. The chapter compares the trajectories of Tunisian and Lebanese journalism as contrasting stories of rise and decline. It goes on to discuss how media instrumentalisation manifests itself in the two cases. Lebanon is the hardest hit, and the problem is openly addressed among the country’s journalists. Their Tunisian counterparts are also exposed to political influences but more reticent to acknowledge it.
Introduction
Authors: O'Shaughnessy Martin
Published: September 2023

This introduction outlines the book’s approach to crisis and explains its structure and the rationale behind it. Borrowing from Žižek’s analysis of violence, it suggests that crisis is best understood when approached sideways rather than frontally. It uses Rancière, Lazzarato and others to propose a tripartite understanding of crisis as a moment of systemic faltering, a routine aspect of neoliberalism, and a privileged form of neoliberal governance. It argues that, because of this complexity, crisis resists any simple before and after temporality and any corpus of crisis films therefore refuses over-neat temporal delimitation. Moving on to the book’s structure, it explains its movement from films of triumphant neoliberal subjectivity, through those tracking indebted or suicidal subjects to works which open spaces of hope and help us explore ways to move beyond neoliberalism.
Making Texts Speak
Authors: O’Malley Austin
Published: September 2023

Chapter 5 further examines the self-reflexivity of the Conference of the Birds’ frame-tale structure, demonstrating how the text itself is conflated with the fictional homiletic assembly that it depicts. Characters within the frame-story and anecdotes become avatars and reception figures, fictive listeners calibrated to guide readers’ responses. The self-reflexive potential of the frame-tale is pushed to its limit at the end of the poem, when the birds themselves read a manuscript that narrates a scene from the story of Joseph’s reunion with his brothers, a story that is allegorically reduplicated in the birds’ subsequent reconciliation with the Simorgh. The paradoxical implication of these recursively nested textual encounters is that the Conference of the Birds, too,will be re-enacted in the lives of its readers and listeners.
Anecdotal Disruptions
Authors: O’Malley Austin
Published: September 2023

Chapter 7 shows how many (if not quite all) of the anecdotes in ʿAttar’s masnavis follow a common narrative pattern: they seem to invoke common-sense religious expectations only to suddenly overturn them in favour of radical, more demanding and frequently counter-intuitive interpretations of well-worn religious norms. These narrative reversals are informed by sufism’s emphasis on sincerity and its tendency to invert common-sense religious valuations, along with deep rooted notions of conversion and repentance as a sudden, unpredictable event that results in a total life reorientation. By seeding what seem to be reasonable religious hierarchies and understandings only to invert them in the process of redefinition, ʿAttar forces readers to reconsider their own spiritual standing while providing an opportunity to break through ossified religiosity and recommit themselves to a life of sufi piety.
Italian ready-to-wear fashion through Cori-carousels
Authors: Caffaro Giulia
Published: September 2023

This chapter is dedicated to a series of short videos for the television advertising programme Carosello, the first Italian TV show dedicated to the promotion of consumer goods broadcast since 1957. In ‘The Italian Ready-to-wear Fashion through the GFT’s carousels’ Giulia Caffaro draws attention to the Gruppo Finanziario Tessile, a key player in the Italian ready-to-wear fashion industry, and its production of shorts between 1964 and 1973 which promoted new female identities. These carousels demonstrate how companies constructed femininity through the use of clothes and their expressiveness, but mainly, through the representation of new role models, performed by new mass celebrities. Ultimately, Caffaro demonstrates the reasons why the collaboration between the ready-to-wear fashion industry and the Italian media channel became so successful.
Epilogue ‘The Shelley of my Age’: Hart Crane’s Afterlives
Authors: Bratton Francesca
Published: September 2023

The book concludes by moving from the communities of his lifetime to explore his afterlives and presence in contemporary poetry. I begin with elegies to Crane published in Poetry, examining the magazine’s ongoing curation of his reception. The epilogue concludes with a critical examination of patterns in poems to Crane published elsewhere, and the profound influence of Crane on twentieth-century and contemporary poets (while his critical reputation has somewhat languished), including Geoffrey Hill, Mark Ford, Eileen Myles and Adrienne Rich. I see poems such as Hill’s ‘Improvisations for Hart Crane’, Ford’s ‘The Death of Hart Crane’, Myles’s ‘hart!’ and Rich’s ‘“The Night Has a Thousand Eyes’ as forming a body of ‘creative criticism’ that challenges the dominant critical narratives that surround Crane’s poetry. I argue that these poems form, to different degrees, critical essays-in-verse on the poet and his legacy. Crane’s invigorating legacy is seen as alive and well in these varied poetic engagements with his work, which are read as implicit meditations on Crane’s ill-founded reputation for difficulty and his association with grand ‘failure’.
Introduction Medical Mission Work and Building Trust
Authors: Ebrahimi Sara Honarmand
Published: September 2023

The introductory chapter presents the book’s focus and remits. It starts with a brief history of the Kashmir hospital – the first medical mission of the CMS – which exemplifies the way in which medical missions were considered as the best means of gaining the trust of the indigenous population. The introduction then discusses the rise of medical mission work, highlighting how the issue of obtaining trust undepinned the growth of medical mission work in the “Muslim World”. Subsequently, it outlines the importance of emotions to the history of Christian missions, before explaining the book’s methodology which develops Monique Scheer’s concept of “emotional practice” in a completely new historical context. It ends with summaries of the book’s individual chapters and overall structure.
Conclusion Affecting Bodies, Saving Souls
Authors: Ebrahimi Sara Honarmand
Published: September 2023

The conclusion first summarises the book’s central argument: focusing on lack of resources, local people’s opposition, absence of professional architects, climatic conditions, or these supposedly hard and rational things, makes us lose sight of some historical realities. We can offer more nuanced discussions of why male and female missionaries did what they did by turning to emotions. It then makes some speculations regarding the ‘affective lives’ of mission hospitals. It does so through an especial reference to the Kerman and Yazd hospitals. More precisely, it highlights the promise of emotions history to understand colonial buildings’ diverse and sometimes contradictory affective lives.
Keyword: Diffusion
Authors: Sangster Matthew
Published: September 2023

This keyword lays out the evidence for the vast expansion of media provision during the 1820s, discussing technologies such as the steam-driven press, the Fourdrinier papermaking machine and stereotyping while considering their effects on the size, make-up and qualities of the reading public. It argues that the burgeoning of new media forms and formats made the 1820s a decade in which print-cultural mediation became both ubiquitous and unavoidable.
Feeding the 1820s: Bread, Beer and Anxiety
Authors: Middleton Lindsay
Published: September 2023

This essay considers two texts that engage with common foodstuffs from markedly different perspectives: Friedrich Accum’s 1820 Treatise on Adulterations of Food and Culinary Poisons and William Cobbett’s 1821 Cottage Economy. It analyses the pivotal moment in nutrition and perceptions of eating and the wider social unrest that these texts engaged with at the beginning of the 1820s. Accum’s treatise was one of the first widely-read exposés of food adulteration, paving the way for public unrest surrounding consumption and new means of food production. Meanwhile, Cobbett’s text argues for a return to pastoral self-sufficiency as an act of resistance in the face of governmental control. Utilising an examination of the language used in Cottage Economy and Adulterations, as well as in contemporary reactions to them from newspapers and periodicals, the essay demonstrates that the public’s responses to these texts highlight some principal concerns of the age – both those encoded in food specifically and those that extended outwards from consumption, relating to areas such as political reform and poverty. Both texts play with nostalgia and fear, enlisting food as a vehicle through which to question the position of 1820s Britain in history.
‘Innovation and Irregularity’: Religion, Poetry and Song in the 1820s
Authors: Grande James
Published: September 2023

The 1820s was simultaneously an ‘age of doubt’ (as David Stewart has recently argued) and a period of fervent faith, a tension expressed in the relationship between poetry and song. In histories of music and religion in Britain, 1820 has been seen to mark the final acceptance of congregational hymn-singing by the Church of England, after a court case brought against Thomas Cotterill, a Sheffield curate, who had published a ‘Selection of Psalms and Hymns’ with the poet James Montgomery. The same year, another provincial clergyman, Reginald Heber, wrote to the bishop of London from his Shropshire parish, seeking approval for his own collection of hymns, which would eventually be published after Heber’s appointment as Bishop of Calcutta and death in India in 1826. I situate these collections of religious song alongside both the keepsakes and annuals of the 1820s and the new popularity of devotional poetry evident in the success of John Keble’s The Christian Year (1827). The chapter concludes with a reading of Wordsworth’s late ode ‘On the Power of Sound’ (1828-9) as a response to the elevated status of religious song in the 1820s.
Being an Artist Is an Art in Itself : On the ‘First Work’ and the Notion of ‘Oeuvre’
Authors: Verschaffel Bart
Published: September 2023

Institutional art theory can explain how a work becomes 'art', but not how a person becomes an artist, that is, acquires the authority to effectively occupy the position of artist. One must start pretending to be an artist until others believe so. This makes it understandable that, against institutional art theory, the romantic myth of 'natural' artistry nonetheless persists. The myths of the 'first work' – these always fabricated as ‘first’ after the fact - serve to affirm retroactively the artistic talent and a ‘natural’ artistic vocation, prior to institutionally recognised artistry.
Production and Distribution
Authors: Williams Helen S.
Published: September 2023

This chapter covers the technologies of printing, including a section on printing presses, as well as the development of the supply trades (type, paper and ink) and the distribution of print. It considers the organisation of work in the print shop and the early growth of trade associations particularly among operative printers. These organisations included the ‘chapel’ which governed the work within the print shop, and wider groups, known as typographical societies, established as welfare organisations in a number of printing centres by 1800. The associations also undertook the function of collective bargaining with employers over wages on an ad hoc basis.
Newsbook to Newspaper: Changing Format, Layout and Illustration in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Periodical News
Authors: Ryan Yann
Published: September 2023

This chapter follows the development of the physical aspects – format, layout and illustrations – of printed periodical news in Britain and Ireland, from its beginnings in 1620 to its relative stabilisation in the early part of the eighteenth century. The unwieldy term ‘printed periodical news’ is used deliberately, as the word ‘newspaper’ was not used until later – before that, a whole range of terms was common. The chapter examines the format, layout and illustrative material of corantos (1620-1641), Civil War and Interregnum newsbooks, the London Gazette, and post-1695 weeklies, bi-weeklies, tri-weeklies and dailies. The form and materiality of early modern news greatly impacted the way in which these publications were received by readers, making it crucial that these aspects are not entirely forgotten in the switch to digital research of the early press. The chapter also includes a case study of the physical form and content of Irish news printed in English newsbooks in 1649.
News, Debate and the Public Sphere
Authors: Rogers Pat
Published: September 2023

The chapter considers the ways in which the press contributed to the circulation of information in the wider public arena and whether the sheer growth in media outlets is the same thing as the existence of a healthy political or intellectual culture. Habermas’s concept of the public sphere is examined in relation to both the role of coffee houses in the creation of a more informed body of citizens and the impact of writers such as Daniel Defoe, and, in particular, his journal The Review. The chapter includes a case study of the career of the Jacobite printer and editor Nathaniel Mist, treating him not as a wholly representative case but as a symbolic instance of perils that journalists faced throughout the period.
European Exchanges, Networks and Contexts
Authors: Dooley Brendan
Published: September 2023

This chapter investigates the development and integration of European news communication along with the formation of new types of news publication capable of conveying details and impressions of a rapidly changing geopolitical order to the first mass audiences. Particularly fertile generators of new genres were the Thirty Years War and English Civil War, which in turn received the effects of news distribution while supplying new material for consumption. New research demonstrates, for instance, that events occurring as far away as Naples were discussed in London, whereas Neapolitans took cues from regime-changing episodes in Civil War Britain. The study takes account of recent studies tending to emphasise continuities as well as discontinuities, not only between the press history of Britain and Ireland and the press history of neighbouring states, but also between the history of printed newspapers and of older media types.
The Medical Press
Authors: Taavitsainen Irma
Published: September 2023

The chapter examines the dissemination of medical knowledge beginning with the mid-seventeenth-century newsbooks followed by the very important Philosophical Transactions. For the eighteenth century the focus is on early specialised London periodicals followed by the Edinburgh specialised medical periodicals and in particular the Edinburgh Medical Journal (EMJ). Investigating genre developments, the chapter examines a) how the mode of writing varies from monologic language use to interactive negotiation with the readers and b) the range of epistolary texts from foreign and domestic correspondents. The last decades of the eighteenth century brought along innovative novel concepts and new types of journals which distributed knowledge of recent medical achievements and clinical advances among professional medical doctors. The chapter also includes a case study, based on corpus linguistics methodology, of how knowledge about reproduction and childbirth was communicated in the earliest medical press.