bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Multiview Holographic Display with Wide Field of View Based on Metasurface
Authors: Xiong Haoran , Zhang Xue , Li Peijin , Zhao Ruizhe , Li Xin , Geng Guangzhou , Li Junjie , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling
Published: October 2024

3D display technology offers a more realistic visual experience by allowing users to perceive depth and spatial awareness, enhancing interactivity and immersion. Among various approaches, multiview display technology constructs 3D images by offering multiple smooth views along the horizontal plane. Metasurfaces, with ultra‐thin physical structures and flexible functional designs, are positioned to make significant contributions to the evolution of 3D display technologies. Here, a 3D multiview holographic display system based on metasurfaces is proposed. Using generalized Snell's law, a spatially multiplexed metasurface is designed with nine views and achieves 3D display by cascading the metasurface with a spatial light modulator (SLM). By projecting holograms onto different areas of the metasurface via the SLM, corresponding reconstructed images can be observed from specific designed directions. Thanks to the large numerical aperture (NA) of the metasurface, the system successfully achieves nine views within a 120° field of view (FOV, with a theoretical maximum of 180°), validated experimentally. This system promises potential applications in VR/AR display, surgical navigation, geographic information system (GIS), and other fields.
Selective Preparation of Pyrrolo[2,3‐c]tetrahydroquinolines and Indolo[3,2‐c]tetrahydroquinolines through N‐Arylation/Cycloaddition/Rearrangement Annulation Reactions of Alkynyl‐Tethered Oximes with Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Nie Chang‐Rui , Pan Mei‐Mei , Deng Rong , Zhong Xin‐Xian , Chen Chun‐Hua , Mo Dong‐Liang
Published: October 2024

We describe a selective preparation of a variety of functionalized pyrrolo[2,3‐c]tetrahydroquinolines and indolo[3,2‐c]tetrahydroquinolines in 40–82% and 40–80% yields from alkynyl‐tethered oximes with diaryliodonium triflates, respectively. The one‐pot reaction underwent N‐arylation, intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition, selective [1.3] or [3,3]‐rearrangement of N−O bond in total three steps. Experimental studies revealed that EtOAc solvent and copper(II)‐catalyst played crucial roles on the formation of these two tetrahydroquinoline scaffolds. Moreover, these two tetrahydroquinoline scaffolds could be converted into various tetrahydroquinoline building blocks by further transformations.
Regional Stiffness and Hardening Indices: New Indicators Derived from Multidimensional Dynamic CTA for Aneurysm Risk Assessment
Authors: Huang Tianming , Qi Xiaoyu , Cao Lan , Yang Ming , Luo Huan , Li Qin , Qian Peidong , Lu Jia , Lei Ziqiao , Luo Yuanming , Yang Chao
Published: October 2024

Two indices, indicating the regional average stiffness and the pace of strain hardening respectively, are derived from the nonlinear stress–strain behavior obtained from biomechanical analysis of aneurysm. A comprehensive method based on electrocardiographic‐gated multidimensional dynamic computed tomography angiography (MD CTA) is developed for extracting these mechanical characteristics in vivo. The proposed indices are evaluated by 26 cases including 9 healthy, one aortosclerosis, and 16 abdominal aortic aneurysm cases. The difference of SSI and dSSI value between aneurysmal and healthy groups is up to orders in magnitude. Significant correlation of these indices with the clinical indicator of aneurysm diameter is found. Logistic models based on these indices are capable to sharply discriminate the healthy and the aneurysmal arteries with AUC>0.98. This work introduces new tools and new indices for aortic mechanical assessment which may shed light on understanding the mechanical condition, pathological state and eventually benefit clinical decision‐making.
Super‐Enhancer‐Driven IRF2BP2 is Activated by Master Transcription Factors and Sustains T‐ALL Cell Growth and Survival
Authors: Yu Juanjuan , Zhang Zimu , Chen Yanling , Wang Jianwei , Li Gen , Tao Yanfang , Zhang Yongping , Yang Yang , Zhang Chenyue , Li Tiandan , Cheng Jia , Ji Tongtign , Wei Zhongling , Wang Wenjuan , Fang Fang , Jiang Wei , Chu Peipei , Yin Hongli , Wu Di , Li Xiaolu , Wang Xiaodong , Fan Jun‐Jie , Hu Shaoyan , Zhu Zhen‐Hong , Wu Shuiyan , Lu Jun , Pan Jian
Published: October 2024

Super enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of transcriptional enhancers driving the expression of genes crucial for defining cell identity. In cancer, tumor‐specific SEs activate key oncogenes, leading to tumorigenesis. Identifying SE‐driven oncogenes in tumors and understanding their functional mechanisms is of significant importance. In this study, a previously unreported SE region is identified in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) patient samples and cell lines. This SE activates the expression of interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2 (IRF2BP2) and is regulated by T‐ALL master transcription factors (TFs) such as ETS transcription factor ERG (ERG), E74 like ETS transcription factor 1 (ELF1), and ETS proto‐oncogene 1, transcription factor (ETS1). Hematopoietic system‐specific IRF2BP2 conditional knockout mice is generated and showed that IRF2BP2 has minimal impact on normal T cell development. However, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that IRF2BP2 is crucial for T‐ALL cell growth and survival. Loss of IRF2BP2 affects the MYC and E2F pathways in T‐ALL cells. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) assays and immunoprecipitation revealed that IRF2BP2 cooperates with the master TFs of T‐ALL cells, targeting the enhancer of the T‐ALL susceptibility gene recombination activating 1 (RAG1) and modulating its expression. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory network within T‐ALL cells, identifying potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Gene Therapy for Inflammatory Cascade in Intrauterine Injury with Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Hybrid Snail Mucus‐enhanced Adhesive Hydrogels
Authors: Peng Xiaotong , Wang Tao , Dai Bo , Zhu Yiping , Ji Mei , Yang Pusheng , Zhang Jiaxin , Liu Wenwen , Miao Yaxin , Liu Yonghang , Wang Shuo , Sun Jing
Published: October 2024

Early hyper‐inflammation caused by intrauterine injury triggered subsequent intrauterine adhesion (IUA). STAT1‐mediated M1 macrophages are confirmed to secrete pro‐inflammatory cytokines to accelerate inflammatory cascade and IUA formation by multi‐omics analysis and experimental verification. However, clinically used hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels are prone to slip out of injury sites due to poor bio‐adhesion properties. Therefore, there are still challenges in applying hydrogels for M1 macrophage intervention in IUA treatment. Herein, an engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) hybrid snail mucus (SM)‐enhanced adhesive hydrogels to improve bio‐adhesion property is fabricated and M1 macrophage intervention through targeting delivery and STAT1 silencing is achieved. First, inspired by the high bio‐adhesion capacity of SM, SM and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) solution are mixed to construct GelMA/SM (GS) hydrogel. Then, folic acid‐modified extracellular vesicles (FA‐EVs) are synthesized for targeting the delivery of STAT1‐siRNA. Upon injection of FA‐EVs hybrid GS hydrogel into the uterine cavity, a protective hydrogel layer forms on the surface of injury sites and sustains the release of STAT1‐siRNA‐loaded FA‐EVs to curtail M1 macrophages generation through inhibiting STAT1 phosphorylation, resulting in reduction of myofibroblasts activation and collagen deposition. In addition, the pregnancy rate and the number of fetuses in rats treated with this hydrogel were much higher than those in other groups, suggesting that the hydrogel could promote functional endometrial regeneration and restore fertility. Overall, this study presents a promising strategy for employing FA‐EVs hybrid adhesive hydrogel with superior bio‐adhesion properties and M1 macrophage targeting delivery for IUA treatment and uterus recovery.
Confining Flat Ru Islands into TiO2 Lattice with the Coexisting Ru–O–Ti and Ru–Ti Bonds for Ultra‐Stable Hydrogen Evolution at Amperometric Current Density and Hydrogen Oxidation at High Potential
Authors: Chen Luyun , Li Chunlei , Liu Mengling , Dai Ziruo , Wang Haibin , Zhou Xuan , Zhao Qiuping , Cong Yuanyuan
Published: October 2024

Effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under high current density and enhanced hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) over a wide potential range remain challenges for Ru‐based electrocatalysts because its strong affinity to the adsorbed hydroxyl (OHad) inhibits the supply of the adsorbed hydrogen (Had). Herein, the coexisting Ru─O─Ti and Ru─Ti bonds are constructed by taking TiO2 crystal confined flat‐Ru clusters (F‐Ru@TiO2) to cope with above‐mentioned obstacles. The different electronegativity (χTi = 1.54 < χRu = 2.20< χO = 3.44) can endow Ti in Ru─O─Ti bonds with more positive charge and stabilize Ru of Ru–Ti bonds with the low‐valence. The strength of Ru─OHad is then weakened by the oxophilicity of positively charged Ti in Ru─O─Ti bonds and the stronger Ti─OHad bond could release active Ru, especially for low‐valence Ru in Ru─Ti bonds, to serve as exclusive Had sites. As expected, F─TiRu@TiO2 shows a low HER overpotential of 74 mV at 1000 mA cm−2 and an ultrahigh mass activity (j0,m) of 3155 A gRu−1 for HOR. More importantly, F─Ru@TiO2 can tolerate the HER current density of 1000 mA cm−2 for 100 h and the high anodic potential for HOR up to 0.5 V versus RHE.
As‐Doped Polycrystalline CdSeTe: Localized Defects, Carrier Mobility and Lifetimes, and Impact on High‐Efficiency Solar Cells
Authors: Ščajev Patrik , Nardone Marco , Reich Carey , Farshchi Rouin , McReynolds Kevin , Krasikov Dmitry , Kuciauskas Darius
Published: October 2024

The efficiency potential for single‐junction photovoltaics (PV) is described by the detailed balance model, which requires the elimination of nonradiative recombination and perfect minority carrier collection. Improvements in GaAs, Si, and perovskite PV follow this model. It might be more complex for CdTe, a leading thin‐film PV technology. While lifetime, passivation, and doping goals for 25% efficient CdTe solar cells are largely reached, voltage is ≈20% below the detailed balance limit. Why is that? In Se‐alloyed CdSexTe1‐x (Se is required for >20% efficiency) additional losses can occur due to electrostatic and bandgap fluctuations and due to electronic trap states. To understand mechanisms limiting CdSeTe solar cell performance and to suggest improvements, carrier dynamics, and transport in CdSexTe1‐x with variation in Se composition and as doping is analyzed. It is shown that trapping, likely due to anion‐site defects and their complexes, is correlated with low charge carrier mobility of 0.1–0.6 cm2 (Vs)−1. Even with 1000 ns charge carrier lifetimes, carrier diffusion length is less than the absorber thickness, reducing efficiency to ≈23%. Device simulations are used to analyze the performance of CdSexTe1‐x solar cells; thermodynamic models are not sufficient for absorbers with electronic disorder and trapping.
Bioassay‐Guided Extraction and Isolation of Natural Herbicides from Dried Zanthoxylum limonella Alston Fruits
Authors: Chotpatiwetchkul Warot , Charoenying Patchanee , Teerarak Montinee , Meesin Jatuporn , Jongkon Nathjanan , Chotsaeng Nawasit , Laosinwattana Chamroon
Published: October 2024

Weeds are problematic plant species around the world. Various strategies exist for controlling weeds, but chemical treatment remains the preferred method, particularly when using natural substances. In this research, a crude aqueous‐methanol extract from dried Zanthoxylum limonella fruits was acid‐base partitioned into four fractions: neutral extract (NE), acid extract (AE), basic extract (BE), and aqueous extract (AQ). These fractions were further separated into seventeen subfractions: NEF1 to NEF7, AEF1 to AEF5, and BEF1 to BEF5, which were then tested for herbicidal activity against the growth of Chinese amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus‐galli). Active subfractions were isolated via column chromatography and identified using spectroscopic methods, yielding seven active compounds: xanthoxyline (1), tambulin (2), atanine (3), prudomestin (4), skimmianine (5), p‐methoxybenzoic acid (6), and methyl caffeate (7). Compounds 2–7 had not been previously reported in Z. limonella. Xanthoxyline (1) was identified as the most potent botanical herbicide, fully inhibiting seed germination of Chinese amaranth and barnyard grass. This compound also decreased seed imbibition and α‐amylase activity in both species. Molecular docking studies on the α‐amylase enzyme (PDB ID: 1BG9) revealed that the aromatic, hydroxy, and carbonyl groups of xanthoxyline (1) interact with the enzyme's active sites.
Lebendzell‐Identifizierung von Inhibitoren des Lipid‐Transfer Proteins CERT Mithilfe von Nanoluciferase Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (NanoBRET)
Authors: Kirmpaki Maria‐Anna , Saied Essa M. , Schumacher Fabian , Prause Kevin , Kleuser Burkhard , Arenz Christoph
Published: October 2024

Es wird ein BRET‐System beschrieben, für das Nanoluciferase mit dem Lipidtransferprotein CERT fusioniert wurde. Dadurch wird ein effizienter Energietransfer auf ein mit Nilrot markiertes Ceramid ermöglicht, das entweder direkt an CERT gebunden oder zur benachbarten Golgi‐Membran transportiert wird. Der CERT‐vermittelte Transfer des Intermediats Ceramid ist Voraussetzung für die Bildung von Sphingomyelin, einer wichtigen Plasmamembrankomponente bei Säugetieren. CERT gilt als vielversprechende Zielstruktur für Medikamente, jedoch gibt es keine direkten zellbasierten Methoden zur effizienten Identifizierung von Inhibitoren. Der Nutzen der hier entwickelten Methode wurde anhand einer Bibliothek von 140 Derivaten des CERT‐Inhibitors HPA‐12 demonstriert. Diese wurden in einer kombinatorischen Synthese mittels Festphasen‐Transacylierung gewonnen. Das Screening der Bibliothek führte zur Identifizierung von sechs Verbindungen, die in einer Dosis‐Wirkungs‐Studie sowie in einer orthogonalen Lipidomics‐Analyse als dem HPA‐12 überlegen bestätigt wurden.
Robust and Reversible Thermal/Electro‐Responsive Supramolecular Polymeric Adhesives via Synergistic Hydrogen‐Bonds and Ionic Junctions
Authors: Deng Qizhe , Han Shengli , Wu Yanggui , Chen Yiwen , Zhang Yinhua , Zhao Yonggang , Chen Senbin , Zhu Jintao
Published: October 2024

Adhesive conducting elastomers are rising materials towards cutting‐edge applications in wearable and implantable soft electronics. Yet, engineering the conductive adhesives with robust and tunable interfacial bonding strength is still in its infancy stage. We herein identify a structurally novel supramolecular polymer scaffold, characterized by synergistic coexistence of hydrogen‐bonding (H−bonding) interactions and electrostatic ionic junctions, endowing the robust and tunable elastic conducting adhesives with remarkable thermal/electro‐responsive performance. H−bonding association and electrostatic interaction play orthogonal yet synergistic roles in the strong supramolecular adhesive formation, serving as the leveraging forces for opposing both cohesion and adhesion energy. To do so, six‐arm star‐shaped random copolymers P1, and P2 are strategically designed, bearing H−bonding PDAP (poly(diaminopyridine acrylamide)) and PThy (poly(thymine)) segments, which can form hetero‐complementary DAP/Thy H−bonding association, along with ionic conductive poly(ionic liquid)s segment: PMBT, (poly(1‐[2‐methacryloylethyl]‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)‐sulfonamide)). DAP/Thy H−bonding association, along with electrostatic ionic interaction, can yield dual supramolecular forces crosslinked polymeric networks with robust cohesion energy. Moreover, coexistence of poly(ionic liquid)s can impact and interfere the configuration of H−bonding association, liberate more free DAP and Thy motifs to form H−bonds towards substrate, affording strong surface adhesion in a synergistic manner. This work demonstrates a significant forward step towards potential adhesives devoted to hybrid electronic devices.
Precise Single‐Atom Modification of Hybrid Lead Chlorides for Electron Donor‐Acceptor Effect and Enhanced Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation
Authors: Li Yukong , Wang Ziyi , Jiang Yilin , Wu Chao , Sun Chen , Zhang Qingran , Zhang Chi , Fei Honghan
Published: October 2024

Hybrid lead halides show significant potential in photocatalysis due to their excellent photophysical properties, but the atomically precise modification of their organic component to achieve synergistic interactions with the lead halide units remains a great challenge. Herein, for the first time, we have employed the crystal engineering strategy to construct a class of single‐atom‐substituted hybrid lead halides with electron donor‐acceptor (D‐A) effect. The lead halide frameworks consist of 1D linear [PbCl]+ chains as inorganic building units and benzoxadiazole/benzothiadiazole/ benzoselenadiazole‐funtionalized dicarboxylates as linkers. The covalent bonding between the organic ligands with electron−withdrawing groups and the electron‐rich lead halide units not only facilitate the charge separation, but also enhance structural robustness that is critical for photocatalysis. The D‐A structured lead halides serve as highly efficient heterogeneous photooxidation catalysts, including aerobic oxidation of C(sp3)−H bonds, oxidative coupling of primary amines, oxidation of phenylboronic acids and selective oxidation of sulfides that are demonstrated in 30 examples. Importantly, these photooxidation reactions are able to be driven by natural sunlight and ambient air to afford quantitative yields. Moreover, our lead halide photocatalysts are successful to fix into a photocatalytic flow system, which enables the flow‐type synthesis of high value‐added photooxidation products on a gram scale.
Rational Design of an Activatable Near‐Infrared Fluorogenic Platform for In Vivo Orthotopic Tumor Imaging and Resection
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Deng Yu , Wang Rui , Kim Heejeong , Kim Gyoungmi , Xu Ying , Hong Kyung Tae , Lee Jun‐Seok , Hu Jing‐Jing , Liang Gaolin , Yoon Juyoung
Published: October 2024

Rational and effective design of a universal near‐infrared (NIR) light‐absorbed platform employed to prepare diverse activatable NIR fluorogenic probes for in vivo imaging and the imaging‐guided tumor resection remains less exploited but highly meaningful. Herein, mandelic acid with a core structure of 4‐hydroxylbenzyl alcohol to link recognition unit, a fluorophore and a quencher was employed to prepare activatable probes. We exemplified ester as carboxylesterase (CE)‐recognized unit, ferrocene as quencher and phenothiazinium as NIR fluorophore to afford fluorogenic probes termed NBS‐Fe‐CE and NBS‐C‐Fe‐CE. These probes enabled the conversion toward CE with significant fluorescence increases and successfully discriminate CE activity in cells. NIR light enhances the tumor penetration and enable imaging‐guided orthotopic tumor resection. This specific case demonstrated that this platform can be effectively used to construct diverse NIR probes for imaging analytes in biological systems.
A DNA Polymerase Variant Senses the Epigenetic Marker 5‐Methylcytosine by Increased Misincorporation
Authors: Henkel Melanie , Fillbrunn Alexander , Marchand Virginie , Raghunathan Govindan , Berthold Michael R. , Motorin Yuri , Marx Andreas
Published: October 2024

Dysregulation of DNA methylation is associated with human disease, particularly cancer, and the assessment of aberrant methylation patterns holds great promise for clinical diagnostics. However, DNA polymerases do not effectively discriminate between processing 5‐methylcytosine (5 mC) and unmethylated cytosine, resulting in the silencing of methylation information during amplification or sequencing. As a result, current detection methods require multi‐step DNA conversion treatments or careful analysis of sequencing data to decipher individual 5 mC bases. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel DNA polymerase‐mediated 5 mC detection approach. Here, we describe the engineering of a thermostable DNA polymerase variant derived from Thermus aquaticus with altered fidelity towards 5 mC. Using a screening‐based evolutionary approach, we have identified a DNA polymerase that exhibits increased misincorporation towards 5 mC during DNA synthesis. This DNA polymerase generates mutation signatures at methylated CpG sites, allowing direct detection of 5 mC by reading an increased error rate after sequencing without prior treatment of the sample DNA.
Self‐microemulsifying drug delivery system‐based gastroretentive in situ raft of pazopanib with enhanced solubility and bioavailability
Authors: Sachdeva Vridhi , Mehra Anshula , Singh Gurdeep , Kumar Akshay , Kumar Pranesh , Singh Gurpreet , Bedi Neena
Published: October 2024

Pazopanib hydrochloride (PZH) is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II drug that faces challenges at the formulation forefront including low aqueous solubility (0.043 mg/mL) and poor oral bioavailability (14–39%). The present investigation aimed to develop a self‐microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of PZH using a blend of Capryol® 90, Labrasol®, and propylene glycol to improve its solubility. Furthermore, a sustained‐release SMEDDS‐based gastroretentive floating system was developed and optimized using the Central Composite Design approach of DoE. The optimized SMEDDS‐based in situ gelling raft, R‐SM‐PZH, exhibited minimal floating lag time (3.09 ± 0.8 s), optimal viscosity (1229.4 ± 20.9 cP) and density (0.327 ± 0.15 g/mL) as compared to other formulations under study. Additionally, R‐SM‐PZH was evaluated for its in vitro dissolution in FaSSGF and FeSSGF, pharmacokinetic profile, and MTT assay (against NCI‐H460 lung cancer cells) compared to pure PZH. A 12 h sustained release, three‐fold augmentation in dissolution rate and bioavailability, and 15‐fold enhancement in cytotoxicity were observed in comparison to pure PZH. Thus, the SMEDDS‐based in situ gelling raft presents a promising approach to advancing the developability potential of PZH.
Measuring autism with the ADOS‐2 using a bifactor model
Authors: Albert Phebe , Kaldes Gal , Tully Erin , Romski MaryAnn , Morris Robin D. , Sevcik Rose A. , Dilly Laura
Published: October 2024

The measurement of autism characteristics can be challenging due to variability of social impairments and restricted and repetitive behaviors or interests (RRBs). Psychometrically strong measures such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS‐2) can improve our capacity for thorough autism assessment. The conceptualization of the ADOS‐2 has been shaped by research exploring the structure of its items, which evaluate autism traits associated with social affect and RRBs. Continuously refining our understanding of these items and their relations to other characteristics, such as cognition, is crucial for more accurate autism assessment and diagnosis. This study used data from a sample of 188 school‐age children with mostly average cognitive functioning referred for clinical autism evaluations to (1) test the dimensionality of the ADOS‐2, Module 3 (appropriate for children with relatively higher verbal ability), across two sets of items (i.e., algorithm only, algorithm with three non‐algorithm RRB items) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and (2) examine the relations of cognition to the dimensions tested in the ADOS‐2. A bifactor model, featuring a general autism trait and two subfactors (RRB and Social Affect), provided superior fit for algorithm‐only and algorithm with three non‐algorithm items. Cognitive functioning was not significantly related to the general or specific factors in the model with only algorithm items. While the findings support the validity of the ADOS‐2, it may not fully capture RRBs among children referred for autism. This study enhances our understanding of the ADOS‐2, highlighting the utility of a bifactor model for characterizing its dimensionality, measuring autism traits with minimal cognitive influence, and identifying its limitations in assessing RRBs.
Umgang mit geotechnischen Besonderheiten im Fachmodell Baugrund – ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Clostermann Dennis , Schwabe Kevin , Vollberg Felix
Published: October 2024

Die Dr. Spang GmbH hat in den vergangenen Jahren zahlreiche Fachmodelle Baugrund erarbeitet und entsprechende Erfahrungen in der Baugrundmodellierung gesammelt. Hierbei hat sich unternehmensintern ein standardmäßiges Vorgehen zur Erstellung der Fachmodelle entwickelt. Softwaretechnisch liefert die automatische Vermaschung (trianguliertes 3D‐Flächennetz der Schichtgrenzen) für viele Standardfälle bereits brauchbare Ergebnisse. In der Geotechnik existieren allerdings nicht nur Standardfälle. Geotechnische Besonderheiten (bspw. inhomogene Schichtungen) haben einen erhöhten händischen Modellierungsaufwand zur Folge. Dieser Beitrag soll den Umgang mit diesen Besonderheiten in der Modellierung beleuchten, die zusätzlichen Modellierungsschritte darstellen und softwaretechnische Grenzen aufzeigen, die bei der automatischen Vermaschung (Interpolation bzw. Triangulation) in diesen Sonderfällen auftreten.
Novel Anthracene‐Appended Calix[4]triazacrown‐5 as an Effective Fluorescence Probe for Co2+ and Hazardous Cr2O72− Ions
Authors: Sayin Serkan
Published: October 2024

A new calix[4]triazacrown‐5–derived fluorescence chemosensor (AntUr‐AzClx) at cone conformation was synthesized to afford an effective fluorescent probe, which enables an enhancement in the fluorescence intensity specifically in the presence of Co2+ metal ions as well as a turnoff response for hazardous dichromate anions. 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, ESI‐MS, and elemental analysis techniques were used to characterize the structure of the anthracene‐appended calix[4]triazacrown‐5 (AntUr‐AzClx). The metal ion–binding ability of AntUr‐AzClx was evaluated against Co2+, Ba2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ ions. On the basis of various metal ion recognition phenomena, AntUr‐AzClx exhibited outstanding selectivity for only the Co2+ ion among other metal ions. Also, the calix[4]triazacrown‐5–derived fluorescence chemosensor showed high sensitivity towards the Co2+ ion with a very low limit of detection (LOD) 0.142 μmol L−1. In addition, anion binding abilities of AntUr‐AzClx against various anions such Cr2O72−, HCO3−, CO32−, NO3−, SO32−, SO42−, N3−, F−, and I− demonstrated that AntUr‐AzClx enables selective and highly sensitive detection of the Cr2O72− anion with an excellent LOD of 4.182 nmol L−1 in DMF/PBS (1/1, v/v; pH: 7.05). Furthermore, the calix[4]triazacrown‐5–derived fluorescence chemosensor displayed a significant sensing behavior to detect the presence of dichromate anions even in real samples.
Resilience Development Among Adult Patients With De Novo Acute Leukemia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Li Danyang , Li Jing , He Xinyu , Zhang Meiyun
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the development process of psychological resilience among adult patients with de novo acute leukemia.

Methods

This study utilized a descriptive qualitative approach, employing a purposeful sampling method to select a sample of 15 newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia (AL) who underwent their initial induction chemotherapy treatment at the Hematology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with the selected patients. Content analysis methodology was used to analyze, summarize, and extract themes from the collected data.

Results

Three categories emerged—namely, (1) negative period, (2) adaptive response phase, and (3) growth transformation period. The negative period occurs during the initial diagnosis and throughout the treatment cycle. However, influenced by both internal and external protective factors, including personal characteristics and social support, individuals enhance their psychological resilience through emotional regulation, mental adjustment, and adaptive strategies vis‐à‐vis healthcare decision‐making and disease management. Overall, psychological resilience development follows an upward spiral trajectory.

Conclusions

This study identified that negative emotions and symptom clusters impede the development of patients' psychological resilience. Moreover, it revealed a substantial need for disease‐related information among patients. Therefore, healthcare professionals should prioritize addressing the negative emotions of patients, early identification of protective factors, dynamic monitoring of symptom clusters, effective management, and provision of psychological counseling and interventions. Simultaneously, providing personalized, professional, and systematic disease‐related information is vital for promoting psychological resilience development.
The Structure Characterization of Polysaccharides from Codonopsis Pilosula and the Structure‐Activity Relationship with Immune‐Regulation on THP‐1 Cells
Authors: Fu Junjie , Chang Cong , Ren Jinyang , Cheng Jingjing , Gao Ziwei , Meng Yan
Published: October 2024

In recent years, polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula (CPs) have received increasing attention for their excellent behaviors in immune‐regulation. However, the relationship between the structure and immunomodulatory activity has rarely been reported. In this work, four fractions purified from crude CPs (CPW, CPS0.2, CPS0.5, CPS1) by chromatographic column separation were explored with both structure and immunomodulatory effects by THP‐1 cells. The results showed that the monosaccharide composition, chain conformation, molecular weight (Mw) and aggregated state of CPs were different. At the same time, the immunomodulatory effects of CPs were also varied depend on structure differences, as indicated by the released cytokines of TNF‐α and IL‐1β by LPS‐induced THP‐1 cells. The results showed that the monosaccharide combination differences of polysaccharides might lead to anti‐inflammatory or pro‐inflammatory activity. Moreover, the higher percentage of glucose, the relatively large particle size, as well as the extended chain conformation of CPs might be the key factors attributed to better immune‐enhancing effects. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for establishing the structure‐activity relationship of CPs.
Endothelial Unfolded Protein Response‐Mediated Cytoskeletal Effects
Authors: Folahan Joy T. , Fakir Saikat , Barabutis Nektarios
Published: October 2024

The endothelial semipermeable monolayers ensure tissue homeostasis, are subjected to a plethora of stimuli, and their function depends on cytoskeletal integrity and remodeling. The permeability of those membranes can fluctuate to maintain organ homeostasis. In cases of severe injury, inflammation or disease, barrier hyperpermeability can cause irreparable damage of endothelium‐dependent issues, and eventually death. Elucidation of the signaling regulating cytoskeletal structure and barrier integrity promotes the development of targeted pharmacotherapies towards disorders related to the impaired endothelium (e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis). Recent reports investigate the role of unfolded protein response in barrier function. Herein we review the cytoskeletal components, the unfolded protein response function; and their interrelations on health and disorder. Moreover, we emphasize on unfolded protein response modulators, since they ameliorate illness related to endothelial leak.
Chromium oxide nanoparticles in‐situ immobilized onto nitrogen‐doped carbon plates with boosted catalytic activity toward nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Jing , Tang Chenbo , Liufu Hui , Zeng Xia , Huang Ziyi , Ma Lin , Li Hanjia , Chen Yajie , Sun Jinyi
Published: October 2024

A chromium oxide‐based nanocomposite (Cr2O3@NC) is designed and prepared via a simple pyrolysis route with Cr‐based metal organic framework (MOF) as a template. The research results indicate that Cr2O3 nanoparticles have an average size of ~70 nm and are in situ formed and imbedded onto the Cr‐based MOF‐derived 2D N‐doped carbon microplates. When employed as an inexpensive electrocatalyst for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to synthesize ammonia, Cr2O3@NC demonstrates an improved and stable catalytic activity in comparison with bare Cr2O3. A large ammonia production rate of 29.42 μg mg−1cat h−1 under a lower potential of −0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) can be acquired with a Faradic efficiency of 9.89% in sodium sulphate solution. Additionally, a satisfactory selectivity can also be achieved without hydrazine byproduct. The greatly promoted catalytic activity of Cr2O3@NC is regarded to be concerned with its desirable structures such as 2D planar topological structure with expanded active surface area, abundant catalytic sites, and effective combination with conductive carbon.
Discovering and Ranking Urban Social Clusters Out of Streaming Social Media Datasets
Authors: Celik Mete , Dokuz Ahmet Sakir , Ecemis Alper , Erdogmus Emre
Published: October 2024

Urban social media mining is the process of discovering urban patterns from spatio‐temporal social media datasets. Urban social clusters are the clusters formed by the social media posts of users living in cities at a certain time and place. Discovering and identifying urban social clusters is of great importance for urban and regional planning, target audience identification, a better understanding of city dynamics and so forth. Discovering and ranking urban social clusters out of streaming social media datasets require efficient filtering approaches and mining algorithms. In the literature, there are several studies performed that address the discovery of the importance of urban clusters. Most of these studies take into account the spatial expansions over time and the changes in the numbers of elements within clusters when identifying the significance of urban clusters. However, in contrast to these studies, we have also considered cluster temporal formation stability, spatial density variation, and the impact of meta‐information on urban social clusters. In this study, Temporal, Spatial, and Meta Important Urban Social Clusters Miner (TSMIUSC‐Miner) algorithm is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, urban social clusters are discovered, and their importance relative to each other are compared and ranked. The temporal, spatial and meta importance scores of the clusters are calculated and then, the clusters that satisfy predefined score thresholds are discovered. The performance of the proposed TSMIUSC‐Miner algorithm compared with that of a naive approach using real‐life streaming Twitter/X dataset. The results showed that the proposed TSMIUSC‐Miner algorithm outperforms the naive approach in terms of execution time.
Request Deadline Split and Interference‐Aware Request Migration in Edge Cloud
Authors: Wang Jie , Yu Huiqun , Fan Guisheng , Zhang Jiayin
Published: October 2024

Edge computing extends computing resources from the data center to the edge of the network to better handle latency‐sensitive tasks. However, with the rise of the Internet of Things, edge devices with limited processing capabilities face difficulties in executing requests with fluctuating request peaks. In order to meet the deadline constraints of latency‐sensitive tasks, a feasible solution is to offload some latency‐sensitive tasks to other nearby edge devices. This article studies the problem of request migration in edge computing systems and minimizes the request deadline violation rate based on actual online arrival patterns, performance interference phenomena, and deadline constraints. Since a request contains multiple services and request migration will lead to changes in server resource competition pressure, we split the problem into three sub‐problems, dividing the request deadline to determine the maximum response time of the service, determining the performance of the service under different resource pressures and the request migration strategies. To this end, we propose two deadline splitting methods, a performance interference model under multi‐resource pressure, and two heuristic request migration strategies. Since this article considers online edge scenarios, the number and type of requests are black boxes. We conduct simulation experiments and find that our method has only one‐third the number of request violations of other methods.
GEDI: An R Package for Integration of Transcriptomic Data from Multiple Platforms for Bioinformatics Applications
Authors: Stokholm Mathias N. , Rabaglino Maria B. , Kadarmideen Haja N.
Published: October 2024

Transcriptomic data is often expensive and difficult to generate in large cohorts relative to genomic data; therefore, it is often important to integrate multiple transcriptomic datasets from both microarray‐ and next generation sequencing (NGS)‐based transcriptomic data across similar experiments or clinical trials to improve analytical power and discovery of novel transcripts and genes. However, transcriptomic data integration presents a few challenges including reannotation and batch effect removal. We developed the Gene Expression Data Integration (GEDI) R package to enable transcriptomic data integration by combining existing R packages. With just four functions, the GEDI R package makes constructing a transcriptomic data integration pipeline straightforward. Together, the functions overcome the complications in transcriptomic data integration by automatically reannotating the data and removing the batch effect. The removal of the batch effect is verified with principal component analysis and the data integration is verified using a logistic regression model with forward stepwise feature selection. To demonstrate the functionalities of the GEDI package, we integrated five bovine endometrial transcriptomic datasets from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus. These transcriptomic datasets were from multiple high‐throughput platforms, namely, array‐based Affymetrix and Agilent platforms, and NGS‐based Illumina paired‐end RNA‐seq platform. Furthermore, we compared the GEDI package to existing tools and found that GEDI is the only tool that provides a full transcriptomic data integration pipeline including verification of both batch effect removal and data integration for downstream genomic and bioinformatics applications. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: ReadGE, a function to import gene expression datasets

Basic Protocol 2: GEDI, a function to reannotate and merge gene expression datasets

Basic Protocol 3: BatchCorrection, a function to remove batch effects from gene expression data

Basic Protocol 4: VerifyGEDI, a function to confirm successful integration of gene expression data
Taking a Global View of the OSFED Category From Inside and Outside the DSM‐5: Comment on Dang et al. 2024
Authors: Claudino Angélica M. , Hay Phillipa J.
Published: October 2024

This Commentary discusses the findings of Dang et al.'s systematic review and metanalysis on the “Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder” (OSFED) category in the context of current conceptualizations and main international diagnostic schemes of classification, the DSM‐5 and the ICD‐11. The aim to reduce less specified eating disorder categories in these classifications has not been completely achieved and OSFED cases remain prevalent. Different definitions of OSFED contribute to difficulties in study selection and limitation of data aggregation in metanalysis, highlighting the need for improving methodologies for studying OSFED subtypes. Although use of either the DSM‐5 or ICD‐11 scheme concurs with Dang et al.'s main finding that OSFED comprises categories of similar clinical significance to the recognized eating disorders, the ICD‐11 includes more people with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge‐eating disorder who would receive a DSM‐5 OSFED diagnosis. This may have impacts for epidemiological studies of distribution as well as for identification and treatment of the individual. We support that before creating new eating disorder categories, consideration be given to also broadening current DSM‐5 criteria. This approach may result in fewer OSFED subtypes needing elevation to distinct categories, potentially limiting these to just purging disorder and night eating syndrome.
Drowning in Medicalization? Commentary on: Dang et al. “Taking a Deeper Dive Into OSFED Subtypes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis”
Authors: Mond Jonathan M.
Published: October 2024

The study by Dang and colleagues in this issue is a timely reminder of the need for careful consideration when it comes to the inclusion of putative new diagnoses in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM). The authors conclude that findings from their systematic review and meta‐analysis of recent literature bearing on the DSM‐5 other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED) category “support the conceptualization of atypical AN, PD and NES as clinically significant EDs with similar severity to full‐threshold EDs.” This commentary attempts to provide some additional context, historical context in particular, that the author believes may be helpful when considering the potential implications of Dang and colleagues' findings. This is achieved through reference to the construct, well‐known in the sociology and feminist literature, of medicalization and by highlighting certain issues relevant to the determination of “clinical significance.” I hope that readers approaching Dang and colleagues' research from the currently dominant, medical‐model perspective might be persuaded of the importance of considering alternative perspectives when interpreting findings from research of this kind.
Wolves foraging on berries is likely a widespread behavior in southern boreal ecosystems
Authors: Evavold Isabella C. , Gable Thomas D. , Homkes Austin T. , Bump Joseph K.
Published: October 2024

Wolves are opportunistic generalists that can respond quickly to new and unique food sources. Wolves in some ecosystems will consume berries and other fruits when they are abundant and available; however, many aspects of this behavior remain unknown. In the Greater Voyageurs Ecosystem (GVE), Minnesota, USA, wolves consistently consume berries, particularly blueberries, when they are available. We deployed remote cameras in blueberry patches to record wolves foraging on berries over several years. We captured footage of wolves of all age classes, social statuses, and sex foraging on blueberries alone or with other wolves. Our observations indicate berry consumption by wolves is a widespread behavior in the GVE and likely in similar southern boreal ecosystems. We hope our work spurs researchers across wolf range to examine whether berry consumption by wolves is a widespread and ubiquitous behavior for wolves.
Anthropogenic determinants of species presence in amphibian communities across a regional elevation gradient
Authors: Rodríguez Silvia , Galán Pedro , Martínez‐Abraín Alejandro
Published: October 2024

Identifying and quantifying the main factors that are jeopardizing amphibian communities worldwide is essential for planning effective amphibian conservation. We collected data on the presence/absence of salamanders and newts (Caudata) and frogs and toads (Anura) in >3600 water points from a large region (30,000 km2) in NW Spain during a 10‐year period (2004–2013). We contrasted a large set of hypotheses explaining presence/absence as a function of anthropogenic factors across the regional elevation gradient (1–2036 m). Logistic regression modeling revealed that salamanders and newts were mainly influenced by pollution and by land use changes, and that the effect of these factors changed with elevation. However, frogs and toads were affected by a larger set of factors acting synergistically, although not including land use changes, and their effect operated at all elevation ranges, except in the case of biological factors (invasive species and wild boar abundance) with higher effects at low elevation. Changes in land use was the most common factor at any elevation and included the abandonment of rural areas, which favors shrub and tree encroachment on former open land, and loss of water points. The most resilient species at any elevation were two frogs, Pelophylax perezi and Rana parvipalmata. The least resilient species were two salamanders, Chioglossa lusitanica and Lissotriton helveticus, followed closely by two toads, Alytes obstetricans and Pelobates cultripes. Unoccupied sites had higher frequencies of biological effects and of changes in land use in the first 5 years of study and lower frequencies of direct human influence factors in the second period. Overall, our results showed that the studied amphibian metacommunity was negatively influenced both by direct and indirect anthropogenic factors, but also that many amphibian species were not only capable of occupying sites which had been altered by human action, but were even favored by land uses generating open habitat, a habitat type that is increasingly uncommon in the region, in the entire Iberian Peninsula and in Europe.
Method Validation for the Determination of Ciprofloxacin in Lucilia sericata Larvae via Capillary Electrophoresis Combined With Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Czuma‐Pokusa Magdalena , Walczak Maria
Published: October 2024

Substances derived from insects can serve therapeutic functions due to their diverse biological properties. This article focuses on the species Lucilia sericata and the benefits of larval therapy in patients who, due to hospitalization, have developed pressure ulcers and other difficult‐to‐heal wounds. Larval therapy, also known as maggot debridement therapy, employs sterile fly larvae to treat chronic, non‐healing wounds by enzymatically degrading necrotic tissue and decreasing bacterial colonization. The larvae are applied to the wound for a period of 48–72 h, during which they effectively clean the wound and stimulate tissue regeneration. This therapeutic approach is particularly efficacious for recalcitrant wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers and pressure sores, which have not responded to conventional treatments. Larvae may also constitute an alternative material in entomotoxicological studies to detect substances ingested at not only toxic but also therapeutic doses. The present work describes a method for assaying ciprofloxacin in L. sericata larvae using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. The developed method features high sensitivity with a limit of quantification of 100 ± 0.018 ng/mL, as well as accuracy and precision estimated within 87%–103% and 1%–4%, respectively. An application of a simple and fast precipitation of proteins procedure for sample cleaning resulted in a highly satisfactory recovery of the analyte (90%–104%). The method was linear in a range of 100–1000 ng/mL with a determination coefficient higher than 0.9973. The method was used to determine ciprofloxacin in larval homogenate after antibiotic administration to the patient at a dose of 500 mg twice daily per os during application of the larvae dressing. Ciprofloxacin was shown to distribute from the patient's circulation to the larvae at a concentration of 150 ng/mL (750 ng/g).