bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lemon flavonoids nutraceutical (Eriomin®) attenuates prediabetes intestinal dysbiosis: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ramos Fernanda M. M. , Ribeiro Carolina B. , Cesar Thais B. , Milenkovic Dragan , Cabral Lucélia , Noronha Melline F. , Sivieri Katia
Published: September 2023

Eriocitrin (eriodictyol 7‐O‐β‐rutinoside), a citrus flavonoid from lemon juice and peel, reduces hyperglycemia and improves diabetes‐related biomarkers in prediabetes patients. Eriocitrin is first metabolized by gut microbiota, producing energy for gut cells and short chain fatty acids that play a relevant role in glycemic control. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Eriomin®, a nutraceutical composed of 70% eriocitrin, 5% hesperidin, and 4% naringin, on the microbiota of prediabetic patients. Patients were randomly divided into two groups and received unlabeled capsules of Eriomin® (200 mg/day) or placebo during 12 weeks. After treatment with the nutraceutical, it was a 6% decrease of hyperglycemia and 22% increase of GLP‐1 blood levels of (p < .05). The profile of intestinal microorganisms, obtained by 16S rRNA sequencing of the patients' feces extract, showed changes in microbiota composition, such as lower growth of Firmicutes and less abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family. The family Ruminococcaceae increased and Blautia genus reduced with Eriomin® supplementation. In additional, Blautia was positively correlated with hyperglycemia reduction. In conclusion, the nutraceutical Eriomin® moderately reduced the growth of microorganisms associated with intestinal dysbiosis and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Changes promoted mainly by the flavonoid eriocitrin in the microbiota were related to a lower glycemic level and increased production of GLP‐1 in patients with prediabetes.
Drought‐stress induced changes of fatty acid composition affecting sunflower grain yield and oil quality
Authors: Ghaffari Mehdi , Gholizadeh Amir , Rauf Saeed , Shariati Farnaz
Published: September 2023

Water availability is the most important key factor affecting sunflower productivity and its oil quality. This study investigated the effect of drought stress on sunflower fatty acids and its effects on grain yield and related components. Thirteen sunflower hybrids were evaluated as randomized complete block design with three replications under normal and drought stress conditions in Karaj, Iran, during 2 years (2019 and 2020). Drought stress was imposed by water withholding during the reproductive stage. Drought stress accelerated the maturity of sunflower and caused a reduction in grain yield (30%), grains weight (11%), and grain numbers/head (22%) compared with normal irrigation. Means of grain yield were 2.7 and 1.8 t/ha under normal and drought stress conditions respectively. Grain numbers/head had higher correlation with grain yield than grains weight under both conditions. Among the fatty acids, the contents of palmitic and linoleic acids were increased (11% and 3%, respectively) while stearic and oleic acids were decreased (6% and 11%). The results indicated that sunflower hybrids benefit from the escape strategy differentially to adapt drought stress condition. However, this adaptation changes sunflower fatty acid profile that reduces grain yield and quality of sunflower oil in Karaj conditions in Iran. In order to achieve the higher yields and higher oil quality, it is necessary to avoid drought stress in sunflower production fields.
Ethnic inequality and public health
Authors: Ponnusamy Sundar , Hakeem Mohammad Abbas
Published: September 2023

We examine the association between ethnic inequality and various key health outcomes for a global set of developed and developing countries. Our results show that higher ethnic inequality is associated with a poor state of public health, such as higher child and maternal mortality, increased stillbirths and child stunting, and reduced life expectancy at birth. This set of effects is found to be predominant mainly in developing countries, and Sub‐Saharan African countries. Results remain robust to the inclusion of various other measures of inequality, ethnic composition indices, geographic endowments, and other relevant controls. We argue that lower contraceptive usage and poor vaccination rates are potential mechanisms through which ethnic inequality affects health outcomes. Policies targeted at improving public health may need to focus more on these key intermediate channels in ethnic minority regions.
Compartmental tongue surgery for intermediate‐advanced squamous cell carcinoma: A multicentric study
Authors: Calabrese Luca , Tagliabue Marta , Grammatica Alberto , De Berardinis Rita , Corso Federica , Gazzini Luca , Abousiam Monir , Fazio Enrico , Mattavelli Davide , Fontanella Walter , Giannini Lorenzo , Bresciani Lorenzo , Bruschini Roberto , Gandini Sara , Piazza Cesare , Ansarin Mohssen
Published: September 2023

Background

A multicentric study was conducted on technical reproducibility of compartmental tongue surgery (CTS) in advanced tongue cancers (OTSCC) and comparison to standard wide margin surgery (SWMS).

Methods

We studied 551 patients with OTSCC treated by CTS and 50 by SWMS. Oncological outcomes were analyzed. A propensity score was performed to compare survival endpoints for the two cohorts.

Results

In the CTS group, survival and prognosis were significantly associated with positive lymph‐nodes, extranodal extension, depth of invasion and involvement of the soft tissue connecting the tongue primary tumor to neck lymph nodes (T‐N tract), independently from the center performing the surgery. SWMS versus CTS showed a HR Cause‐Specific Survival (CSS) of 3.24 (95% CI: 1.71–6.11; p < 0.001); HR Loco‐Regional Recurrence Free Survival (LRRFS) of 2.54 (95% CI: 1.47–4.40; p < 0.001); HR Overall Survival (OS) of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.01–0.77; p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Performing the CTS could provide better CSS and LRRFS than SWMS regardless of the center performing the surgery, in advanced OTSSC.
Magnitude and predisposing factors of intestinal parasitosis and tuberculosis coinfection at five health institutions in Southern Ethiopia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shibabaw Agumas , Tilahun Mihret , Gedefie Alemu , Sahle Zenawork , Belete Melaku A. , Ebrahim Hussen , Debash Habtu , Sharew Bekele
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Intestinal parasites affect the tuberculosis disease outcome by shifting the cell‐mediated to humoral immune response and host immune system suppression. However, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection favors the immune escape of parasites. Hence, exploring the rate of intestinal parasitic coinfection with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and its predisposing factors to take better preventive, control, and management measures.

Methods

A facility‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from September to December 2020 at five health institutions in Hawassa city. A total of 214 PTB patients were diagnosed using the GeneXpert assay and enrolled in this study. Demographic, clinical, and risk factors data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples were collected using a clean, labeled, and leak‐proof stool cup. Stool samples were examined using direct saline microscopy and the formal‐ether concentration technique. The data were entered and coded in SPSS software for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed to identify the associated risk factors. A p‐value less than  0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The overall rate of intestinal parasitic‐MTB coinfection was 36.9%. The most dominant intestinal parasite was Gardia lamblia (17.8%, 38), followed by Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (9.3%, 20). Intestinal parasitosis coinfection of PTB was associated with being rural resident (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–4.8), not washing of fruits and vegetables before eating [AOR = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.92–9], being at the early stage of anti‐TB treatment [AOR = 3; 95% CI: 1.5–6.3] and presence of chronic diseases [AOR = 7; 95% CI: 3.4–14].

Conclusion

The burden of intestinal parasites‐MTB coinfection was high. Those who wash fruits and vegetables before eating should be encouraged, early treatment of PTB patients and avoiding the practice of open‐field defecation, especially in rural communities, is necessary. The dual effect of coinfection on disease severity and treatment success needs further cohort study.
Characteristics of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with cervical radiculopathy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Teymouri Alireza , Emami Razavi Seyede Zahra , Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Hosseini Maryam
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Cervical radiculopathy (CR) is a group of signs and symptoms caused by cervical root dysfunction. Patients with this condition may also have carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), which is caused by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. This coexistent condition is referred to as double crush syndrome (DCS) which is explained by proximal disruption in axoplasmic flow that may result in nerve dysfunction. Yet, the accuracy of this hypothesis remains controversial.

Materials and Methods

Patients with confirmed CR according to electromyography were included in this retrospective study. However, we omitted patients with overt diabetic neuropathy, prior spinal or hand surgery and/or fractures, and rheumatoid arthritis. Patients underwent electrodiagnostic studies, and the results were used to determine CTS severity. We used Pearson's χ2 test to assess the correlation between the severity of CTS and CR. Descriptive analysis was used to report patient characteristics and the prevalence of CTS in CR patients.

Results

We included 291 participants, 59% of whom were women. Although insignificant, DCS was observed more in women (n = 110) compared to men (n = 71). However, we found that patients with DCS (54.81 ± 13.3) were older than non‐DCS patients (43.71 ± 12.94) which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was statistically no correlation between the severity of CR and CTS, ipsilaterlly (p > 0.05). In total, CTS was observed in 62.2% (n = 181) patients.

Conclusion

In summary, we found a relatively high prevalence of DCS in the present study. In patients with and without DCS, gender did not seem to play a role but the growing age seemed to contribute to DCS. The severity of CTS was not related to CR severity at any cervical level, which negates a causal relation between the pre‐existing CR and newly diagnosed CTS.
Assessment of changes in severity of compound drought and saltwater intrusion events based on a multi‐index approach in Pearl River estuary
Authors: Li Dan , Liu Bingjun , Lu Yang , Fu Jianyu
Published: September 2023

Global warming alters the inherent variability of climate variables and induces more frequent extremes of hydroclimatic compound events with substantial impacts. The concurrence of hydrological drought and saltwater intrusion in the estuary can have devastating effects on agricultural production, water security, and ecological health. In this study, the compound drought and saltwater intrusion extreme indices, including the Blend Drought and Saltwater intrusion Index (BDSI), the Compound drought and Saltwater intrusion Index (CDSI) and the Standardized Drought and Saltwater intrusion Index (SDSI), were constructed to monitor compound extremes in the critical zone of Pearl River Estuary during the dry season from 1999 to 2016. The results reveal that the three compound indices can effectively depict different aspects of compound drought and saltwater intrusion extreme events in the critical zone of Pearl River Estuary. Among the three indices, the SDSI performed best in depicting compound drought‐saltwater intrusion events, while the BDSI outperformed the other indices in depicting high value of Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) and Standardized Saltwater intrusion Index (SSI), and the CDSI outperformed the other indices in depicting low values of SRI and SSI. Using those developed compound indices, we found that the frequency of abnormal and moderate compound drought‐saltwater intrusion events increased from 9.26% to 12.03% during the period of 1999–2016, while severe, extreme and exceptional compound drought‐saltwater intrusion events were rare.
The relationship between dietary inflammatory index values and thyroid function in the US adult population: An analysis of the NHANES 2007–2012 cohort
Authors: Wang Mingzheng , Lu Xiaofeng , Zheng Xiaogang , Liu Junru
Published: September 2023

Objective

Researchers have developed the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) as a tool to quantify the inflammatory potential of a given diet. Higher DII scores indicated a more proinflammatory diet. While inflammation is known to have a strong impact on thyroid function, the precise nature of the association between DII scores and thyroid function has yet to be clarified. This study was conducted with the goal of exploring this relationship in a representative population of adults from the United States.

Methods

For this study, we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Standardized questionnaires were used to collect demographic and dietary data from the participants, and laboratory tests were used to collect data on the participants' thyroid parameters and other relevant data. Linear regression models and smoothed curve fitting were used to assess the relationship between DII scores and thyroid function, with weighted data analyses and subgroup analyses being conducted as appropriate.

Results

In total, 7712 subjects were recruited from the NHANES 2007–2012 cohort. Their weighted mean age was 44.87 (0.47) years, mean DII score was 1.41 (0.05). Mean FT3 was 3.20 (0.01) pg/mL and mean TT4 was 7.81 (0.03) µg/dL. In adjusted analyses, higher DII values were related to increases in FT3 (β = .007; p = .027) and TT4 (β = .050; p = .005) levels. Subgroup analyses showed a negative correlation between FT3 levels and DII scores in a population with high urinary iodine concentrations.

Conclusion

These data indicate that the consumption of a more proinflammatory diet, as evidenced by elevated DII scores, is correlated with significant increases in FT3 and TT4 levels. However, for people with high urinary iodine concentrations, a more proinflammatory diet was associated with lower FT3 levels. Additional research will be vital to clarify the mechanistic basis for these findings.
KDM2B regulates inflammation and oxidative stress of sepsis via targeting NF‐κB and AP‐1 pathways
Authors: Li Xin , Tian Xinyu , Zhang Dongliang
Published: September 2023

Backgrounds

The kidney is an easily affected organ with sepsis which is a main underlying cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Histone‐modifying lysine‐specific demethylase 2B (KDM2B) is involved in numerous pathological processes, such as cell senescence and tumor development. However, the role of KDM2B in sepsis‐induced AKI is unclear.

Objects

To investigate the role of KDM2B on cell viability, inflammation and oxidative stress of sepsis‐associated AKI, and the involved signaling pathways.

Methods

An AKI model in vitro was established through lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induction in HK‐2 cells. Western blots were performed to evaluate the expression of KDM2B, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), p65, c‐Jun and c‐Fos, as well as p65 phosphorylation. Cell viability was measured using CCK‐8 kit. ELISA was performed to analyze the production of layered double hydroxide (LDH), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐18, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and H2O2. The qPCR was used to evaluate the transcription level of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐18, and VCAM‐1.

Results

KDM2B knockdown alleviated LPS‐induced cytotoxicity, decreased LDH release, and improved cell viability. KDM2B knockdown reduced concentration of inflammation‐related molecules including TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐18, and VCAM‐1, and inhibited their transcription. Moreover, KDM2B knockdown promoted the quantity of SOD and GSH, while declined the production of MDA, H2O2, COX2, and iNOS. Further, KDM2B played a role in LPS‐induced HK‐2 cell injury by activating nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) and activator protein 1 (AP‐1) pathways.

Conclusion

KDM2B knockdown reduced cytotoxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS‐induced AKI via inhibiting NF‐κB and AP‐1 pathways, indicating KDM2B may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis‐associated AKI.
Evaluating interactions of polygenic risk scores and NAT2 genotypes with tobacco smoking in bladder cancer risk
Authors: Pradhan Pranoti , Jia Guochong , Khankari Nikhil K. , Zheng Wei
Published: September 2023

Tobacco smoking is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer. Previous studies have identified the N‐acetyltransferase (NAT2) gene in association with bladder cancer risk. The NAT2 gene encodes an enzyme that metabolizes aromatic amines, carcinogens commonly found in tobacco smoke. In our study, we evaluated potential interactions of tobacco smoking with NAT2 genotypes and polygenic risk score (PRS) for bladder cancer, using data from the UK Biobank, a large prospective cohort study. We used Cox proportional hazards models to measure the strength of the association. The PRS was derived using genetic risk variants identified by genome‐wide association studies for bladder cancer. With an average of 10.1 years of follow‐up of 390 678 eligible participants of European descent, 769 incident bladder cancer cases were identified. Current smokers with a PRS in the highest tertile had a higher risk of developing bladder cancer (HR: 6.45, 95% CI: 4.51‐9.24) than current smokers with a PRS in the lowest tertile (HR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.52‐3.84; P for additive interaction = <.001). A similar interaction was found for genetically predicted metabolizing NAT2 phenotype and tobacco smoking where current smokers with the slow NAT2 phenotype had an increased risk of developing bladder cancer (HR: 5.70, 95% CI: 2.64‐12.30) than current smokers with the fast NAT2 phenotype (HR: 3.61, 95% CI: 1.14‐11.37; P for additive interaction = .100). Our study provides support for considering both genetic and lifestyle risk factors in developing prevention measures for bladder cancer.
Spontaneously hatching human blastocyst is associated with high development potential and live birth rate in vitrified‐warmed single blastocyst transfer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Han E Jung , Park Jae Kyun , Eum Jin Hee , Bang Soyoung , Kim Ji Won , Lee Woo Sik
Published: September 2023

Objective

To investigate the effect of hatching status on predicting pregnancy outcomes in single vitrified‐warmed blastocyst transfer (SVBT) by objectively subdividing pre‐implantation blastocysts according to hatching status.

Methods

This retrospective study included 817 SVBT cycles performed between January 2016 and December 2017. Transferred embryos were categorized according to their hatching status as follows: group I (n = 147), non‐hatching blastocysts; group II (n = 484), hatching blastocysts; and group III (n = 186), completely hatched blastocysts. Hatching blastocysts (group II) were then classified based on the ratio of the blastocystic diameter outside and inside the zona pellucida into early (n = 185), mid‐ (n = 103), and late (n = 196) hatching stages. Implantation rate (IR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR), multiple pregnancy rate (MPR), miscarriage rate, and neonatal outcomes were evaluated.

Results

For groups I, II, and III, respectively, the results were as follows: IR (28.6%, 43.6%, and 53.8%; P < 0.001), CPR (27.9%, 42.8%, and 53.2%; P < 0.001), and LBR (23.1%, 32.0%, and 42.5%; P < 0.001). Group III had better IR, CPR, and LBR. Among hatching blastocysts, late‐hatching blastocysts had the highest IR (33.5%, 46.6%, and 51.5% for early, mid‐, and late hatching, respectively; P = 0.002) and CPR (33.0%, 45.6%, and 50.5%; P = 0.002), with a tendency for a higher rate of LBR. Neonatal outcomes were not influenced by the hatching status.

Conclusion

Advanced hatching status is positively associated with a higher rate of clinical pregnancy and live birth with no negative effects on neonatal outcomes. Additionally, the quantitative classification of hatching status was found to be predictive of pregnancy outcomes.
Research procedure acceptability through women during pregnancy and postpartum: A pilot study
Authors: Simon Julien , Thisse Jeanne , Chabert Camille , Barasinski Chloé , Ambroise Grandjean Gaëlle
Published: September 2023

Objective

To assess the feasibility and relevancy of a systematic data collection process in characterizing factors influencing research acceptability through women during pregnancy and early postpartum.

Methods

A pilot prospective observational crossover unicentric study was conducted in Est France. All the women (except language barrier and intensive care transfer) were called upon to complete a survey (33 questions). The primary endpoints were the participation rate and the completeness of the information. The secondary endpoint was the participants' sociodemographic background and preferences regarding research (bivariate analysis, P value <0.20).

Results

Within the research period (February 23–March 8, 114 childbirths), 105 women fitting the criteria were called upon for the survey. The participation rate and completeness were high. The participation rate was 93% with six lost to follow‐up, and one refusal. The global filling rate was 95%. We highlighted two plausible variables of interests for research participation: women age older (P value 0.119) and level of education (P value 0.176). A sufficient cooling‐off period, the commitment of women's health providers, and the possibility to accede research results might favor women's involvement. Acceptability would appear to be decreasing when the protocol implied fetal or neonatal data collection (compared to maternal data), unless research led to a better therapeutic option.

Conclusion

The data collection process is highly feasible and provide consistent data. Larger‐scale output obtention should enhance the conception and rollout of projects, first by calculating sample size based on potentials for recruitments adjusted to populations, characteristics and second by fitting the experimental design to women's expectations.
The impact of a previous cesarean section on the risk of perioperative and postoperative complications during vaginal hysterectomy
Authors: Weiss Moran , Baumfeld Yael , Rotem Reut , Gedalia Yuval , Erenberg Miriam , Weintraub Adi Y.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To investigate whether a previous cesarean section increases the risk of perioperative and postoperative complications during vaginal hysterectomy.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of women who had undergone a vaginal hysterectomy for benign indications between 2014 and 2019 was conducted, comparing patients with or without a previous cesarean section. Perioperative and postoperative complications during vaginal hysterectomy were assessed according to the Clavien‐Dindo classification system within 30 days of surgery. Duration of surgery, estimated blood loss, and postoperative hospitalization days were also recorded. A two‐sided P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

A total of 185 women were included, 25 (13.5%) patients had undergone a previous cesarean section (study group) and 160 (86.5%) had no history of cesarean section (comparison group). We found no significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics as well as postoperative complications and interventions, duration of surgery, estimated blood loss, and postoperative hospitalization days (P > 0.05). However, patients who underwent two or more cesarean sections had a significantly (P = 0.01) higher rate and grade of complications during vaginal hysterectomy, compared with women with only one previous cesarean section. All women who underwent two or more cesarean sections had mild complications during vaginal hysterectomy (40% grade I and 60% grade II, P = 0.01).

Conclusion

Vaginal hysterectomy is a safe procedure with few severe complications, regardless of a previous cesarean section. More than one previous cesarean section may increase the risk of minor complications during a vaginal hysterectomy. Patients who underwent a previous cesarean section could be reassured that they do not face an increased risk of complications during a vaginal hysterectomy.
Successful embolization of subcutaneous mesenteric varices within an ileal conduit in a patient with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Sakurai Ayaka , Ohtsu Akira , Arai Seiji , Aoki Masanori , Ikeya Miho , Tokue Hiroyuki , Hori Keisuke , Fujizuka Yuji , Sekine Yoshitaka , Koike Hidekazu , Suzuki Kazuhiro
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Venous hemorrhage from ectopic varices is potentially fatal. This report describes a rare case in which bleeding from mesenteric varices in an ileal conduit was treated successfully by embolization therapy.

Case presentation

The patient was an 82‐year‐old man who had previously undergone total pelvic exenteration for colon cancer with creation of an ileal conduit for urinary diversion. He subsequently developed liver cirrhosis and underwent partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. 9 years after his colon surgery, he was admitted with gross hematuria. Computed tomography revealed subcutaneous mesenteric varices in the ileal conduit and hemorrhage as a result of rupture of the varices. The bleeding continued despite repeated manual compression but was eventually stopped by embolization therapy.

Conclusion

Embolization therapy may be helpful for hemostasis in the event of intractable bleeding from mesenteric varices in an ileal conduit.
High‐performance piezoresistive sensors based on transfer‐free large‐area PdSe2 films for human motion and health care monitoring
Authors: Zhang Rui , Lin Jie , He Tao , Wu Jiafang , Yang Zhuojun , Liu Liwen , Wen Shaofeng , Gong Yimin , Lv Haifeng , Zhang Jing , Yin Yi , Li Fangjia , Lan Changyong , Li Chun
Published: September 2023

Two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are needed in high‐performance piezoresistive sensors due to their strong strain‐induced bandgap modification and thereby large gauge factors. However, integrating a conventional high‐temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐grown TMD with a flexible substrate necessitates a transfer process that inevitably degrades the sensing properties of the TMDs and increases the overall fabrication complexity. We present a high‐performance piezoresistive strain sensor that employs large‐area PdSe2 films grown directly on polyimide (PI) substrates via plasma‐assisted selenization of a sputtered Pd film. The reliable strain transfer from the substrate to the PdSe2 film ensures an outstanding strain‐sensing capability of the sensor. Specifically, the sensors have a gauge factor of up to −315 ± 2.1, a response time under 25 ms, a detection limit of 8 × 10−6, and an exceptional stability of over 104 loading–unloading cycles. By attaching the sensors to the skin surface, we demonstrate their application for measuring physiological parameters in health care monitoring, including motion, voice, and arterial pulse vibration. Furthermore, using the PdSe2 film sensor combined with deep learning technology, we achieved intelligent recognition of artery temperature from arterial pulse signals with only a 2% difference between predicted and actual temperatures. The excellent sensing performance, together with the advantages of low‐temperature fabrication and simple device structure, make the PdSe2 film sensor promising for wearable electronics and health care sensing systems.

image
Radiolabeled imaging agents for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wu Jiajun , Li Kexin , Yang Jie , Mao Meiting , Cheng Yan
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with long preclinical and prodromal phases in older people. Molecular imaging is a promising approach for noninvasive in vivo identification and tracking pathophysiological changes. In particular, nuclear neuroimaging in AD has extended beyond traditional evaluation of brain perfusion and glucose metabolism, and has achieved substantial progress over the past 2 decades. To gain a comprehensive understanding of nuclear neuroimaging with different targets in the brain, this review provides an overview of the literature on the current status and recent progress of the development of radioligands for definitive and differential diagnosis of AD.
Total Calcium Intake Is Associated With Trabecular Bone Density in Adolescent Girls With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Saunders Rylee K , Kilroe Kathleen M , Joseph Taïsha V. , Caksa Signe , Bouxsein Mary L , Misra Madhusmita , Mitchell Deborah M
Published: September 2023

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) confers an increased risk of fracture and is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and altered microarchitecture compared with controls. Adequate calcium (Ca) intake promotes bone mineralization, thereby increasing BMD. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the associations of total daily Ca intake with bone outcomes among youth with T1D. This was a cross‐sectional analysis of girls ages 10–16 years with (n = 62) and without (n = 60) T1D. We measured Ca intake with a validated food‐frequency questionnaire and BMD, microarchitecture, and strength estimates with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Total daily Ca intake did not differ between groups (950 ± 488 in T1D versus 862 ± 461 mg/d in controls, p = 0.306). Serum 25OHD was lower in T1D (26.3 ± 7.6 versus 32.6 ± 9.0 ng/mL, p = <0.001), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) was higher in T1D (38.9 ± 11 versus 33.4 ± 9.7 pg/mL, p = 0.004). Trabecular volumetric BMD and thickness at the tibia were lower in T1D (p = 0.013, p = 0.030). Ca intake correlated with trabecular BMD at the radius and tibia among T1D participants (β = 0.27, p = 0.047, and β = 0.28, p = 0.027, β = 0.28, respectively) but not among controls (pinteraction = 0.009 at the radius, pinteraction = 0.010 at the tibia). Similarly, Ca intake was associated with estimated failure load at the tibia in T1D but not control participants (p = 0.038, β = 0.18; pinteraction = 0.051). We observed the expected negative association of Ca intake with parathyroid hormone in controls (p = 0.022, β = −0.29) but not in T1D participants (pinteraction = 0.022). Average glycemia as measured by hemoglobin A1c did not influence the relationship of Ca and PTH among participants with T1D (pinteraction = 0.138). These data suggest that youth with T1D may be particularly vulnerable to dietary Ca insufficiency. Increasing Ca intake may be an effective strategy to optimize bone health in this population. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
How duration of storage affects food waste behavior
Authors: Xie Vivian (Jieru) , Bagchi Rajesh
Published: September 2023

We investigate how duration of storage affects food waste behavior. We propose and demonstrate a negative impact of duration of storage: even when two packaged food products are otherwise identical (i.e., same manufacturing/expiration dates, not expired, and unopened), the product that has been stored for a longer duration under current ownership is more likely to be wasted and is likely to be wasted in greater quantities. This occurs because duration of storage lowers consumers' perceptions of food freshness, even when normative justification is not possible. The duration of storage has an independent effect over and above those due to manufacturing and expiration dates, and the effect persists in both single and joint evaluations. We draw from research in several areas, including ownership, mental accounting, food science, and waste management to develop our theory. We report findings from six pre‐registered studies, provide process evidence, and identify interventions to lower food waste.
Chemical activation of Microcystis aeruginosa biomass: a promising approach for enhanced diclofenac sorption and water treatment
Authors: Momin Sengjrang Ch , Nath Jyotishma , Mahana Abhijeet , Pradhan Ran Bahadur , Mehta Surya Kant
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Diclofenac (DCF), a widely used nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, has been detected in the environment. Its presence is of concern due to potential ecological impacts and health risks. The development of effective technologies for the removal of DCF from water is of paramount importance. The efficient removal of DCF from highly diluted solutions poses a further significant challenge. Microcystis aeruginosa, a rapidly growing cyanobacterium, possesses significant potential as a valuable biomass resource that is currently underutilized. This study investigates various pretreatments to enhance the adsorption capacity of nontoxic M. aeruginosa ACCMU‐118 biomass for DCF removal.

RESULTS

Alkali‐pretreated biomass achieved over 90% DCF removal at concentrations of 1000–5000 μg L−1. The modified biomass showed comparable efficiency in removing DCF from binary solutions containing heavy metals (Cd2+) or ibuprofen. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed hydroxyl, carboxylic acid and alkene functional groups on the biomass surface contributing to DCF sorption. Chemical pretreatment enhanced binding site exposure, increasing DCF sorption capacity. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the exothermic sorption and thermodynamically favorable process. Methanol regeneration allowed multiple sorption–desorption cycles, enhancing sustainability.

CONCLUSION

This cost‐effective approach demonstrates the potential of M. aeruginosa biomass for selective and efficient DCF removal from contaminated water sources. Chemical pretreatment expands the application potential of M. aeruginosa biomass as a biosorbent, showcasing its advantages in addressing the challenges of contaminated water treatment. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Attenuation of quorum sensing regulated virulence functions and biofilm of pathogenic bacteria by medicinal plant Artemisia annua and its phytoconstituent 1, 8‐cineole
Authors: Khan Mo Ahamad , Shahid Mohammad , Celik Ismail , Khan Haris M. , Shahzad Anwar , Husain Fohad Mabood , Adil Mohd
Published: September 2023

The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacterial pathogens is a serious public health concern. A significant therapeutic target for MDR infections is the quorum sensing‐regulated bacterial pathogenicity. Determining the anti‐quorum sensing abilities of certain medicinal plants against bacterial pathogens as well as the in‐silico interactions of particular bioactive phytocompounds with QS and biofilm‐associated proteins were the objectives of the present study. In this study, 6 medicinal plants were selected based on their ethnopharmacological usage, screened for Anti‐QS activity and Artemisia annua leaf extract (AALE) demonstrated pigment inhibitory activity against Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472. Further, the methanol active fraction significantly inhibited the virulence factors (pyocyanin, pyoverdine, rhamnolipid and swarming motility) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Serratia marcescens MTCC 97 at respective sub‐MICs. The inhibition of biofilm was determined using a microtiter plate test and scanning electron microscopy. Biofilm formation was impaired by 70%, 72% and 74% in P. aeruginosa, C. violaceum and S. marcescens, respectively at 0.5xMIC of the extract. The phytochemical content of the extract was studied using GC–MS and 1, 8‐cineole was identified as major bioactive compound. Furthermore, 1, 8‐cineole was docked with quorum sensing (QS) proteins (LasI, LasR, CviR, and rhlR) and biofilm proteins (PilY1 and PilT). In silico docking and dynamics simulations studies suggested interactions with QS‐receptors CviR’, LasI, LasR, and biofilm proteins PilY1, PilT for anti‐QS activity. Further, 1, 8‐cineole demonstrated 66% and 51% reduction in violacein production and biofilm formation, respectively to validate the findings of computational analysis. Findings of the present investigation suggests that 1, 8‐cineole plays a crucial role in the QS and biofilm inhibitory activity demonstrated by Artemisia annua extract.

Research Highlights

Artemisia annua leaf extract (AALE) methanol fraction demonstrated broad‐spectrum QS and biofilm inhibition

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed biofilm inhibition

Molecular docking and simulation studies suggested positive interactions of 1,8‐cineol with QS‐receptors and biofilm proteins
Moderate to severe hepatic steatosis on computerized tomography imaging: Prevalence in obese Pacific Islanders and Asians
Authors: Thomas Bradley James Ikaika , Takakusagi Melia Nicole , Zhang Ruixue , Yoon Hyo‐Chun
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim

Hepatic steatosis (HS) is common worldwide, but there is little data on the prevalence of HS in Pacific Islanders (PIs) and Asians within the United States. Our aim was to compare prevalence of HS in obese 18–50‐year‐olds of Asian and PI ethnicity who underwent computerized tomography (CT).

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of all members of an integrated healthcare system who self‐identified as Asian or PI, were between the ages of 18 and 50 years, had a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30, and underwent a CT scan that included the liver during 2021, resulting in 748 subjects. Imaging was analyzed using a method sensitive and specific for moderate to severe HS. Additionally, multiple binary logistic regression was performed to explore the relationship between HS and HbA1c, BMI, and age.

Results

Of the 748 patients, 311 (41.6%) had HS. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of HS between Asians and PIs (χ21 = 1.3, P = 0.25), between Asian and PI men (χ21 = 2.8, P = 0.096), or between Asian and PI women (χ21 = 0.053, P = 0.82). Higher odds of HS was associated with increasing BMI (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.06–1.11; P < 0.001) and HbA1c (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04–1.26; P = 0.00489), but HS was not associated with age in this age range (OR = 0.993; 95% CI: 0.973–1.01; P = 0.46).

Conclusion

Moderate to severe HS is very common in obese Asian and PI adults, and occurs at similar rates in these ethnicities. Abdominal CT imaging presents an opportunity to diagnose HS and provides relevant information to patients and healthcare providers.
Age‐related genes USP2 and ARG2 are involved in the reduction of immune cell infiltration in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cheng Qi , Chen Mo , Liu Mengdan , Wang Fangying , Chen Xin , Sun Wenjia , Du Yan , Wu Huaxiang
Published: September 2023

Background

There are large differences in clinical manifestations and biological markers between elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (EPRA, age >60) and younger patients with RA (YPRA, age ≤60), partly owing to variations in the immune system of different age groups. Here, we focused on the changes of immune cell infiltration in YPRA and EPRA.

Methods

The R packages “ssGSEA” and “GSEA” were used to identify the changes in immune cell infiltration and immune‐related pathways between the two groups. The R packages “WGCNA” and “DEseq2” were used to screen and verify age‐related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Hub genes were identified using Cytoscape and cytoHubba. Spearman correlation coefficient was conducted to evaluate correlations between hub age‐related genes and immune cells.

Results

Compared with 54 established YPRA, several immune cells and immune‐related pathways were markedly decreased in 29 EPRA synovial tissues. Moreover, 78 age‐related DEGs related to amino acid and glycosphingolipid synthesis and metabolism were identified. USP2 and ARG2 were verified to be upregulated in EPRA, signifying that these two genes could effectively distinguish YPRA and EPRA and have potential as biomarkers. In addition, we found that USP2 was significantly negatively correlated with B cells and monocytes, while there was a significant negative association between ARG2 and T cells.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this study is the first to systematically analyze changes in immune cell infiltration between YPRA and EPRA patients and obtain hub age‐related genes, which may provide the basis for illuminating the pathogenesis of EPRA and informing treatment strategies.
Transforming the transfer process: A quality improvement project to assess and improve transfer notes
Authors: DeGrazia Robert J. , Kalkat Meher , Miller Leslie , Niessen Timothy , Chatterjee Souvik , Wright Scott
Published: September 2023

Transfer notes (TNs) standardize handoffs from one inpatient unit to another to optimize patient safety. They are especially important when patients are downgraded from high acuity settings such as intensive care units (ICU). Despite this, there is a paucity of evidence around safe transfers. The study objective was to assess the impact of a quality improvement initiative on the completion rate and quality of TNs. A retrospective chart review of TNs was conducted at a single academic center in Baltimore, MD. We analyzed 76 MICU to floor transfers pre‐intervention and 73 transfers during the intervention period. Note quality was determined using a novel TN assessment tool; validity evidence was established. Chi‐square analysis was used to compare the presence and quality of TNs. There was a statistically significant increase in note completion rate from 19.7% to 42.5 % during the study (p < 0.003). There was a statistically significant increase in mean quality of completed TNs (10.3 pre‐intervention vs. 12.3 intervention period: maximum score 15, p = 0.005). This QI intervention appears to have translated into more consistent and higher quality TNs. These improvements should facilitate better and safer care of patients moving from MICU to medical floors.
Comparing the Effect of Mechanical Loading on Deep and Superficial Cartilage Using Quantitative UTE MRI
Authors: Wang Hanqi , Li Zhihui , Li Qing , Sommer Stefan , Chen Tongtong , Sun Yao , Wei Hongjiang , Yan Fuhua , Lu Yong
Published: September 2023

Background

The biomechanical properties of deep and superficial cartilage may be different, yet in vivo MRI validation is required.

Purpose

To compare the effect of mechanical loading on deep and superficial cartilage in young healthy adults using ultrashort echo time (UTE)‐T2* mapping.

Study Type

Prospective, intervention.

Subjects

Thirty‐one healthy adults (54.8% females, median age = 23 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, PD‐FS, and UTE sequences with four echo times (TEs = 0.1, 0.5, 2.8, and 4.0 msec; 0.6 mm isotropic spatial resolution) of the left knee, acquired before and after loading exercise.

Assessment

Quantitative UTE‐T2* maps of the entire knee were generated using UTE images of four TEs. In deep and superficial cartilage of patella, medial and lateral femur, medial and lateral tibia cartilage (PC, MFC, LFC, MTC, and LTC), which were segmented manually, cartilage thickness and T2* values before and after loading were measured, extracted, taken averages of, and compared. Scan–rescan repeatability was evaluated. Body weight and body mass index (BMI) data were collected. Physical activity levels were evaluated using International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Statistical Tests

Paired sample t‐tests, paired Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney tests, Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses, Kruskal–Wallis tests with post‐hoc Bonferroni correction. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The scan–rescan repeatability was good (RMSA‐CV < 10%). After exercise, deep cartilage exhibited no significant differences in cartilage thickness (PPC = 0.576, PMTC = 0.991, PMFC = 0.899, PLTC = 0.861, PLFC = 0.290) and T2* values (PPC = 0.914, PMTC = 0.780, PMFC = 0.754, PLTC = 0.327, PLFC = 0.811), which both significantly decreased in superficial PC, MFC, LFC, and MTC. The T2* values of superficial MTC and deep MFC were moderately correlated with higher body weight (ρ = 0.431) and lower BMI (ρ = −0.499), respectively.

Data Conclusion

Deep and superficial cartilage may respond differently to mechanical loading as assessed by UTE‐T2*.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Absorption of an engineered medium‐chain fatty acid analogue in two short bowel syndrome minipig models
Authors: Fligor Scott C. , Tsikis Savas T. , Hirsch Thomas I. , Pan Amy , Mitchell Paul D. , Quigley Mikayla , Carbeau Sarah , Nedder Arthur , Gura Kathleen M. , Puder Mark
Published: September 2023

Background

Enteral drug therapy is challenging in short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS‐IF) because of unpredictable absorption. SEFA‐6179 is an enterally administered medium‐chain fatty acid analogue under development for intestinal failure–associated liver disease. We investigate the pharmacokinetics of two SEFA‐6179 formulations in two large‐animal models of SBS‐IF, including a new pseudojejunostomy model.

Methods

Twenty Yucatan minipigs were obtained. Half underwent pre‐resection pharmacokinetic study with single‐dose SEFA‐6179 administration. All minipigs then underwent 90% jejunoileal resection, with either a jejunoileal anastomosis or bypass of the intraperitoneal colon with anastomosis just proximal to the rectum (pseudojejunostomy). On postoperative day 3, a single‐dose pharmacokinetic study was performed.

Results

Both SBS‐IF models were well tolerated. Compared with the jejunoileal anastomosis minipigs, pseudojejunostomy minipigs had a more severe malabsorptive phenotype with weight loss by postoperative day 4 (+0.1 vs −0.9 kg, P = 0.03) and liquid diarrhea (Bristol 5 vs Bristol 7, P = 0.0007). Compared with pre‐resection minipigs, both jejunoileal and pseudojejunostomy minipigs had lower total plasma exposure of SEFA‐6179 measured by area under the curve (jejunoileal: 37% less, P = 0.049; pseudojejunostomy: 74% less, P = 0.0001). Peak plasma concentration was also lower in the pseudojejunostomy group compared with pre‐resection (65% less, P = 0.04), but not lower in the jejunoileal group (P = 0.47).

Conclusion

In two SBS‐IF minipig models, SEFA‐6179 had substantially decreased absorption compared with pre‐resection minipigs. Dose optimization for different intestinal anatomy and function may be required. We describe a new SBS‐IF pseudojejunostomy model that may improve the translation of preclinical research to patients with SBS‐IF who have enterostomies.
Splitting of pollutant NO molecules inside Sc20C48X12 (X = C, N, P) structures: A DFT‐D study
Authors: Salas‐Zepeda M. G. , Tlahuice‐Flores Alfredo
Published: September 2023

The study of the interaction of NO molecules with two P‐ and N‐doped volleyballenes is delivered. It is found that [Sc20C48N12][0,−1] and [Sc20C48P12]−1 structures are able to split N‐O bonds without an energy barrier. The N‐doped structures can break up to six NO molecules, and therefore, their IR/Raman spectra are missing of N‐O vibration peaks. Moreover, we determine that N‐O bond can be considered as broken starting from 1.39 Å distance.