bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La democracia usurpada. Persecución, cárcel y exilio de los demócratas y republicanos jiennenses (1849-1923) = The Usurped Democracy. Prosecution, Prison and Exile of the Democrats and Republicans in Jaén (1849-1923)
Authors: Jaén Milla Santiago
Published: August 2019

Los demócratas y republicanos de Jaén pusieron en marcha numerosas iniciativas –sociales, culturales, políticas y económicas– para politizar a las clases populares y trabajadoras de la provincia y para que se unieran a la causa republicana, a la causa de la democracia. Sin embargo, los sectores monárquicos no reconocieron ni asumieron las prácticas y demandas republicanas, y lejos de favorecer su participación política y ampliar los derechos ciudadanos se replegaron sobre sí mismas, y ejercieron todo tipo de violencias y atropellos contra los republicanos. Este texto subraya las dificultades que encontraron estos sectores para llevar a cabo su proyecto e iniciativas políticas.  AbstractThe Democrats and Republicans of Jaén initiated numerous social, cultural, political and economic initiatives to politicize the popular and working classes of the province and to encourage them join the Republican cause, the cause of democracy. However, these practices were not welcomed by the monarchist sectors, and far from favoring the political participation of the opposition groups and the development of the citizens’ rights, they retreated on themselves, and they exercised all type of violence and abuses against the republicans. This text highlights the difficulties these sectors encountered in carrying out their project and their policy initiatives.
Resistance Pattern of Nitrofurantoin of Uropathogens in Different Age Groups at Dr. Lal Path Labs, National Reference Laboratory, Rohini, Delhi
Authors: Singh Puneeta , Malik Shalabh , Lal Vandana
Published: August 2019

Aims and Objectives: This study was undertaken to highlight the resistance pattern of Nitrofurantoin among 5162 UTIs causing isolates at Microbiology Department of Dr. Lal Path Labs between April to June 2019.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed in Department of Microbiology at Dr. Lal Path Labs, Delhi during period April to June 2019. Standard loopful midstream urine samples collected in a sterile container were inoculated on UTI Chromagar and incubated overnight at 37ºC and demonstrating significance colony count of ≥105 CFU/ml. Common Enterobacteriaceae group of isolates and Gram positive isolates identified by MALDI TOF-MS (Bruker, Daltonics) were included in this study. To determine Nitrofurantoin resistance by VITEK-AST (Biomerieux) system on 280/P628 antibiotic susceptibility testing cards respectively as per as CLSI M100-S-29. Proteus spp, Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp, of complicated UTI isolates were excluded from this study. 

Results: Of the 29485 urine samples tested during April to June 2019, 5162 (17.5%) were culture positive. Out of the 5162 positive isolates 2856 (55.3%) were isolated from female patients and 2306 (44.7%) from male patients. The most common bacterial isolates were members of  Enterobacteriaceae 4728 (91.5%) and Gram positive were 434 (8.5%). The most predominant age group infected with uropathogens were elderly adults ≥ 50 years of age constituted 58.1% of the UTIs culture positive cases. Klebsiella pneumoniae demonstrated highest resistance of 92.3% whereas Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated the least resistance of 8.3%.

Discussion and Conclusion: The alarming substantial resistance to Nitrofurantoin in decreasing order has been noticed in Enterobacteriaceae i.e., Klebsiella pneumonia (92.3%), Enterobacter spp.(58.2%), Citrobacter spp (42.6%) and Gram positive Enterococcus spp. (45.6%) which is across all age groups. Most susceptible to Nitrofurantoin were Escherichia coli (69.9%) in Gram negative and Staphylococcus aureus (91.7%) in Gram positive. This finding emphasis the need of robust restriction of Nitrofurantoin antibiotic policy and usage to uncomplicated UTIs caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
A New and Simple Prime Sieving Technique for Generating Primes Ending with a Given Odd Digit
Authors: Ufuoma Okoh
Published: August 2019

The essence of this paper is to furnish a simple prime sieving technique which deletes composites from a nite list of natural numbers ending with any given odd digit with the exception of the digit 5, leaving behind prime numbers ending with the given digit. This technique is so much like the Eratosthenes' sieving technique.
THERMAL COMFORT SIMULATION ON CIK DITIRO CORRIDOR
Authors: Prayoga Septian Eka , Kusumawanto Arif
Published: August 2019

Surface materials that turn into hard surface material and lack of vegetations are some of the effects of rapid development that can affect the micro climate in urban areas. This happened on Cik Ditiro corridor in the city of Yogyakarta which had quite dense activities, this was marked by various functions of land use and human activities throughout the day. The method is simulation method that uses the EnviMET 4.0 software and the empirical measurements. This method is to simulate the value of each climate variable in existing conditions and ideal conditions. The results of this research show that the condition of the Cik Ditiro corridor still belongs to the heat which is uncomfortable thermal conditions. Recommendations result of this research is to make better thermal comfort on corridor. The result of this research to give recommendations in terms of improving better for thermal comfort.
Researcher Explores Using AI to Overcome Language Barriers With Patients
Authors: Hswen Yulin , Schweitzer Kate
Published: December 2024

This Medical News article is an interview with K. Casey Lion, MD, MPH, about the need for greater equity in health care for those with language barriers and how artificial intelligence translation tools may help bridge the gap.
Drug Overdose Deaths Among Medicaid Beneficiaries
Authors: Mark Tami L. , Huber Benjamin D.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Medicaid programs have expanded coverage of substance use disorder treatment and undertaken many other initiatives to reduce drug overdoses among beneficiaries. However, to date, no information has been published that tracks overdose deaths among the Medicaid population.

Objective

To determine the rate of drug overdose among Medicaid beneficiaries.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cross-sectional study, US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data from 2016 to 2020 that linked enrollment and demographic data from all Medicaid beneficiaries in the US with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Death Index were used to determine the rate of drug overdose death among Medicaid beneficiaries. The Medicaid population rates were compared with those of the total US population, overall and by age and sex.

Exposure

Participation in the Medicaid program.

Main Outcome

Death of a drug overdose.

Results

In 2020, the drug overdose death rate among Medicaid beneficiaries was 54.6 per 100 000, a rate that was twice as high as the drug overdose rate among all US residents (27.9 per 100 000). In 2020, Medicaid beneficiaries comprised 25.0% of the US population but 48% of all overdose deaths (44 277 of 91 783). For each age and sex group older than 15 years, overdose deaths were higher for the Medicaid population than for the US population, with the greatest difference occurring among adults ages 45 to 64 years. From 2016 to 2020, Medicaid overdose deaths increased by 54%.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this study suggest that more research is needed to understand why Medicaid beneficiaries have higher rates of drug overdoses than all US residents. Additionally, research is needed to understand how best to prevent overdoses among Medicaid beneficiaries. The federal government should support these efforts by routinely linking Medicaid claims and enrollment data to death records.
Prevalence of Life Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Women in Iceland
Authors: Thordardottir Edda Bjork , Song Huan , Shen Qing , Bjornsson Andri , Hilmarsdottir Hildur Yr , Guðmundsdottir Berglind , Sigurdsson Engilbert , Tómasson Gunnar , Rúnarsdóttir Harpa , Lu Donghao , Arnberg Filip K. , Jakobsdóttir Jóhanna , Fang Fang , Aspelund Thor , Hauksdóttir Arna , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur Anna
Published: December 2024

Importance

Comprehensive data on the prevalence of various life stressors and their role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among women are lacking.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of a broad range of life stressors and their association with PTSD in a large nationally representative cohort of women.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional analysis used data from the population-based Stress-And-Gene-Analysis, which invited women in Iceland to complete an online survey from March 1, 2018, to July 1, 2019. Participants were a nationally representative sample of women 18 to 69 years of age. This analysis was conducted from January 21, 2022, to September 13, 2024.

Exposures

History of 23 life stressors assessed with the Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5) and additional survey questions.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was probable PTSD during the past month assessed for the worst life stressor experienced as evaluated with the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Modified Poisson log-linear models were used to assess prevalence ratios (PRs) of PTSD by type of life stressor, adjusting for multiple covariates, including number of life stressors and time since the worst life stressor.

Results

Overall, 28 199 women participated in the study (mean [SD] age, 43.8 [13.7] years). The prevalence of life stressors varied substantially, ranging from 3.3% for war or armed conflict–related events to 66.4% for unwanted sexual experiences. The overall prevalence of probable PTSD was 15.9% and varied substantially across life stressor types. The highest prevalence of probable PTSD was for sexual assault (1427 of 3872 [36.9%]) and lowest for natural disasters (15 of 456 [3.3%]). Interpersonal trauma, specifically sexual assault (adjusted PR [APR], 6.66 [95% CI, 4.01-11.04]), other unwanted sexual experience (APR, 4.33 [95% CI, 2.53-7.42]), and physical assault (APR, 4.44 [95% CI, 2.63-7.49]) were associated with the highest prevalence increase of probable PTSD compared with natural disasters as the reference category.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study of 28 199 women in Iceland, which ranks highest globally in gender equality, found that sexual and physical assaults were among the most common life stressors reported and were associated with the highest prevalence of probable PTSD. The propensity of such trauma to result in PTSD calls for widespread societal efforts to prevent sexual and physical violence and reduce gender-based disparities in mental health.
Ternary Thermosensitive Hydrogel‐Encapsulated Macrolactam Heneicosapeptide Eliminates Epidermal Multidrug‐Resistant Bi‐Microbial Colonization
Authors: Zeng Ping , Zhang Pengfei , Yi Lanhua , Wang Honglan , Gao Wei , Yao Liang , Zhang Lei , Chen Pu , Wong Kwok‐Yin , Chen Sheng , Leung Sharon Shui Yee , Chan Kin‐Fai
Published: December 2024

Superbug epidemic has rendered antibiotic therapeutics increasingly ineffective. Worse still, there are few applicable medication regimens for polymicrobial infections caused by two or more multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Herein, a panel of antibacterial cyclic peptides are designed and synthesized and the lead compound cyclo‐zp80r shows favorable activities against a broad spectrum of bacteria. Encouragingly, it exhibited a strong bactericidal effect against two important epidermic species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus for both single‐ and co‐infections. The peptide cyclo‐zp80r is proposed to destroy the membrane structures of both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, inducing a variety of physiological disorders. To better adapt to topical administration of this novel antibacterial agent, a hydrogel formulation consisting of poloxamer 407, poloxamer 188, and hyaluronic acid is optimized. This ternary hydrogel system is able to form in situ gel at skin temperature. Encapsulated peptide molecules are released steadily in both human skin ex vivo model and mouse wound in vivo model to treat bi‐microbial infection. This work systematically investigates the design, synthesis, antibacterial mechanism of a novel cyclic peptide, and its drug delivery strategy for topical wound infection, offering a promising therapeutics to treat multidrug‐resistant polymicrobial wound infections.
Multiple Stimuli‐Switchable Electrocatalysis and Drug Logic Gates of N‐acetylcysteine Based on Graphdiyne/Copper Hexacyanoferrate Nanocomposites and Hydrogel
Authors: Li Mingming , Zhai Zhenhua , Zhang Shuman , Liu Ying , Tan Huiyi , Li Jiang , Ding Runmei , Guan Suzhen , Yao Huiqin
Published: December 2024

In recent years, researchers have shown great interest in intelligent electrochemical interfaces due to their potential applications. This work addresses the challenge of integrating multiple stimuli‐responsive properties while maintaining a robust electrochemical response. In this work, graphdiyne (GDY) is loaded on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by dropping method to obtain the GDY/GCE layer. Copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) is then electrodeposited onto the GDY/GCE, creating a catalytic layer for N‐acetylcysteine (NAC). The stimuli‐responsive hydrogel poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) (PDEA) is applied on the catalytic layer surface via drop‐coating. This configuration facilitated reversible electrochemical responses to changes in temperature, electrolyte composition, and pH levels. By analyzing peak current differences and corresponding potential changes, a type of logic gate is successfully simulated, including a 4‐input/7‐output logic gate and a three‐state logic gate. This novel approach significantly advanced the construction of electrochemical pharmaceutical logic gates.
Ion Redistribution Gel Electrolyte Dissipates Interfacial Turbulence for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Yihan , Wei Zijian , Hu Sanlue , Tang Bo , Qu Guangmeng , Yue Chencheng , Li Xinming , Han Cuiping
Published: December 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZBs) degrade under a high current density due to the existence of interfacial turbulence with severe concentration polarization. Herein, an ion redistribution gel electrolyte is introduced to stabilize the electrode‐electrolyte interface by regulating the ion density gradient. Negatively charged carboxymethyl groups in carboxymethyl starch ether polymer (PCMS) electrolytes can preferentially regulate the ion concentration at the anode interface. The quasi‐solid PCMS gel electrolytes can dissipate the charge accumulation caused by ion concentration differences, which is beneficial for achieving excellent electrochemical stability at high current densities. As a result, the symmetric Zn cells with PCMS gel electrolyte can be cycled for more than 2000 h at a high current density of 40 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the Zn//I2 cell using PCMS gel electrolyte also sustained cycling for over 8000 cycles, and the pouch cell with PCMS gel electrolyte exhibited practical deformable applications in flexible devices. This work highlights an effective gel electrolyte approach for enhancing interfacial stability, potentially advancing the development of highly reversible AZBs.
Potassium fertilization effects on dollar spot of annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass
Authors: Xu Zhongqi , Clarke Bruce B. , Ward Daniel L. , Murphy James A.
Published: December 2024

The effect of potassium on dollar spot of annual bluegrass (ABG; Poa annua L. forma reptans (Hausskn.) T. Koyama) and creeping bentgrass (CBG; Agrostis stolonifera L.) is poorly understood. Two field trials were conducted in 2020 and 2021 to determine the effect of K fertilization on dollar spot of ABG and CBG turf grown on a sand mat layer overlying a sandy loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, semiactive, and mesic Typic Hapludults) and mowed at 2.8 mm. A 4 × 2 factorial, randomized complete block design evaluated K (potassium sulfate) applied at 0, 3.4, 6.9, and 13.8 kg ha−1 every 2 weeks and N (urea) applied at 4.9 kg ha−1 every 7 or 28 days over 20 weeks. Infection centers were counted over a 2‐week period each year after inoculation with Clarireedia jacksonii in mid‐September and used to calculate the disease severity. Increasing K fertilization rate consistently increased dollar spot severity on ABG and CBG. Higher N rate either slightly increased or did not affect disease severity on ABG, and either decreased or had no effect on CBG. This is the first study to document the impact of K fertilization on dollar spot severity of ABG turf. Regression analysis indicated that increases in both leaf tissue and mat layer K were associated with greater dollar spot severity on both species. Future research should determine whether the increased dollar spot response to K fertilization occurs at higher antecedent mat layer and leaf tissue K. Additionally, a broader range of N rates may clarify the dollar spot response.
Does It Run in Your Family? Inherited Truncating PSMD12 Variants Broaden the Phenotypic Spectrum of Stankiewicz‐Isidor Syndrome
Authors: Feresin Agnese , Spedicati Beatrice , Zampieri Stefania , Morgan Anna , Magnolato Andrea , Tesser Alessandra , Tommasini Alberto , Bonati Maria Teresa , Girotto Giorgia , Faletra Flavio
Published: December 2024

Alteration in the ubiquitin‐proteasome system results in human disorders with neurological and/or autoinflammatory presentation. Haploinsufficiency of PSMD12, which encodes a subunit of the core component of the proteasome, causes Stankiewicz‐Isidor syndrome (STISS), characterized by intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, craniofacial dysmorphisms, with or without other congenital anomalies, and autoinflammation. We described six patients (four adults) from two unrelated families carrying a known p.(Arg289*) or a novel p.(Tyr111*) PSMD12 variant. Portraying a completely penetrant condition with inter‐ and intra‐familiar clinical variability, all individuals presented with developmental delay, intellectual disability, craniofacial, and skeletal anomalies. Novel findings in our cohort included unilateral ectopic fingernail, cholesteatoma, oligodontia, and the occurrence of an ovarian teratoma. Most subjects had acne, short stature, and developed obesity since late childhood. Eating behavior was reported. Good sociality and behavioral concern emerged as well. None presented clinical manifestations of autoinflammation and the detected IFN‐I signature perturbations were not specific. Together with a complete literature review, we expanded the clinical spectrum of STISS, highlighting the relevance of inherited variants, and discussing challenges in diagnosis and management. We finally consider the intriguing role of PSMD12 in human development and propose to index “onychoheterotopia” among the Human Phenotype Ontology terms.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Hydrolysis of Nitriles to Alcohols
Authors: Kuloor Chakreshwara , Akash  , Goyal Vishakha , Zbořil Radek , Beller Mathias , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V.
Published: December 2024

Nitriles are an abundant class of compounds that are widely used as versatile feedstocks to produce various chemicals including pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals as well as materials. Here we report Ni‐catalyzed reductive hydrolysis of nitriles to alcohols in the presence of molecular hydrogen. This conversion likely occurs in a domino reaction sequence that first involves the hydrogenation of nitrile to primary imine, then the hydrolysis of imine, and subsequent deamination to the aldehyde, which is finally hydrogenated to the desired alcohol. Crucial for this reductive hydrolysis process is the commercially available triphos‐ligated Ni‐complex that enables highly efficient and selective transformation of aromatic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic nitriles including fatty nitriles to prepare functionalized primary alcohols. Further, the synthetic applicability of this Ni‐based protocol is presented for the selective conversion of nitrile to alcoholic group in structurally diverse and complex drug molecules as well as agrochemicals. The resulting products, alcohols are indispensable chemicals commonly used in organic synthesis and life sciences as well as material and energy technologies.
First Reports on Reproductive Traits of the Endemic Southwestern Atlantic Rio Skate Rioraja agassizii (Rajiformes, Arhynchobatidae) in Captivity
Authors: Lenain Victoria M. , Matusevich Florencia , Gabbanelli Valeria , Vazquez Diego M. , Awruch Cynthia A. , Díaz de Astarloa Juan M. , Mabragaña Ezequiel
Published: December 2024

This study provides novel data on fecundity and oviposition rate of Rioraja agassizii and complementary information on incubation period in captivity. Two females of R. agassizii were maintained in captivity over 1‐year period. Oviposition rate was 0.28 and 0.26 egg cases per day, and fecundity was 114 and 92 egg cases for each female. Incubation period was determined for two embryos resulting in 105 and 114 days with average incubation temperatures ranging from 17.5°C (± 0.81) to 22.1°C (± 1.32). Captive studies contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive biology and complement investigations carried out in the wild.
Credibility Theory Under the Least Squared Relative Loss Function
Authors: Yong Yaodi , Zhang Yiying , Zhu Xiaobai
Published: December 2024

The classical Bühlmann model employs a least squared loss criterion that penalizes pricing errors equally across all risk classes. In contrast, this paper develops a new credibility theory based on the least squared relative loss (LSRL) function to address scenarios where the classical approach may fall short. We derive explicit expressions of LSRL‐based credibility estimators, including non‐parametric versions and Bühlmann–Straub extensions. Through a comparative study, we illustrate the real‐world applicability of the LSRL estimator across different scenarios, highlighting its advantages and limitations in comparison to the classical model. Additionally, we explore different LSRL formulations to provide deeper insights into their practical viability.
O‐Acetyl Bakuchiol Exhibits Analgesic, Anti‐Inflammatory and Anti‐Arthritic Effects: A Combined In Silico and In Vivo Experimental Study
Authors: Kumar Hitesh , Gupta Nidhi , Dar Mohammad Ovais , Dangroo Nisar A. , Gupta Sumeet
Published: December 2024

In the present manuscript, we evaluated the analgesic, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐arthritic effects of bakuchiol derivative, O‐acetyl bakuchiol (BAc), at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o. doses in adult Sprague–Dawley rats. BAc at 20 mg/kg p.o. exhibited maximum analgesic (47.4%), anti‐inflammatory (66.50%) and anti‐arthritic effects. Among the different parameters studied for anti‐arthritic effects, BAc at 20 mg/kg increased the body weight (2.89%), decreased the paw thickness (72.46%) and decreased the paw inflammation (48.59%) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)‐induced arthritic rats. In haematological/serum and biochemical parameters, BAc at 20 mg/kg brought the altered levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Hb, HCT, RBC, TLC and platelet count, HDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) factor near to the normal. Moreover, the spleen weight was also reduced in BAc‐treated rats at 20 mg/kg. Histopathological analysis further revealed that a reduction in paw inflammation was observed in paw ankle joints, and no inflammation was observed in brain, liver, lungs and kidney in BAc‐treated rats at 20 mg/kg p.o. Molecular docking studies further revealed that BAc has better binding affinity for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) (Protein Data Bank [PDB] ID: 7JRA) −7.19 kcal/mol comparable to standard methotrexate with binding affinity −9.56 kcal/mol. Therefore, the present investigation provided the basis for the development of BAc as a potential candidate for the treatment of arthritis.
Coexistence Between Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Protein S Deficiency in a Patient With Transverse Sinus Thrombosis: A Rare Association
Authors: Mahmoud Ziryab Imad Taha , Abdalla Yassin Abdelrahim , Omer Hoyam Bakri Gafar Elhaj , Ali Obada Mohamed Ahmed , Suliman Muhammad Salah Ali , Awad Asma , Hamza Salih Boushra , Elmobark Sara Omar Elamin , Gafar Mohammedelmuntaga , Osman Abuobieda Omer
Published: December 2024

The primary antiphospholipid syndrome and protein S deficiency are known hypercoagulable states predisposing to strokes. We present a 34‐year‐old woman presented to rheumatology clinic complaining of right side weakness and aphasia for 2 months before the visit. There was joint pain in the right elbow and shoulder joints, hyperpigmentation on her face and dry painful red eyes mainly the right eye in addition to dry mouth. She had a history of recurrent abortions. Neurological examination showed hypertonia on right lower and upper limb and normal on left one, while the power was grade 3 on right side and normal in left one. Upper motor neuron signs and facial palsy was noted. Hyperpigmentation in the face was observed. MRI brain showed that left temporoparietal hemorrhagic infraction involving the basal ganglia and MRV brain showed left transverse sinus thrombosis and attenuation of sigmoid and internal jugular vein. B2‐glycoprotein Ig AGM, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin (IgG, IgM, and IgA), protein S were positive. ANA profile was borderline for PCNA. We report unusual venous sinus thrombosis with primary antiphospholipid syndrome and acquired protein S deficiency.
A Patient With Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis Presenting With Severe Abdominal Pain
Authors: Islam Sumona , Ahmed Dewan Saifuddin , Khan Nabila Tasneem , Rakhi Farjana Sultana
Published: December 2024

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach and intestine. It is a rare disorder with bizarre presentations, making it difficult to diagnose and often leading to misdiagnoses. It can present with abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, obstruction, ascites, etc. Here, we report a case of a middle‐aged female who presented with severe abdominal pain and was initially suspected to have acute pancreatitis. She received conservative management, but symptoms did not improve. This led to further evaluation, which revealed peripheral blood eosinophilia. Although the mucosa appeared normal on esophagogastroduodenoscopy, biopsy from multiple sites revealed eosinophilic infiltration in the gastric and duodenal lamina propria. The patient was then successfully treated with oral steroid. Due to its varied presentations, eosinophilic gastroenteritis should be considered as the differential diagnosis in different abdominal presentations.
Orbital Apex Syndrome Following Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: A Case Report and Clinical Approach
Authors: Motamed Shariati Mehrdad , Shekarchian Farid , Zolfaghari Ali
Published: December 2024

Given the potential for rapid progression and significant morbidity, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for OAS in patients with HZO who present with neurological symptoms such as ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and sensory loss.
Rapid and Efficient Ring‐Opening Homo‐ and Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide with Glutaric Anhydride Using Titanium Promoter Under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Nath Priyanku , Sagar Shweta , Das Suman , Kumar Ravi , Ray Aranya , Sarkar Alok , Panda Tarun K.
Published: December 2024

A novel β‐ketimine ligand‐supported titanium complex, [Ti (DippNHC(Me) = CHC(Me)O2)Cl2] (2) enabling competent ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and copolymerization (ROCOP) of CHO and glutaric anhydride (GA) is unveiled. Incredibly well‐controlled poly(cyclohexene oxide) (PCHO) with a range of molecular weights and narrow polydispersity index (PDI) is achieved. The ROP reaction proceeded under mild reaction conditions without the aid of any exogenous initiator. The thermal properties of the polyethers showed a glass transition temperature (Tg) ranging from 60 °C to 69 °C in the DSC curve and high thermal stability of the polymers up to 387 °C in the TGA curve. The Ti(IV) catalyst additionally showed superior activity in the ROCOP of CHO and GA. ROCOP reactions were performed using a diverse range of CHO and GA monomer equivalents, demonstrating the random insertion of epoxide units per glutaric anhydride and forming a random copolymer.
Supramolecular Gels Derived from Primary Ammonium Salts of Naproxen and its Amino Acid Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Structures and its Application as Anti‐cancer Agent Against Melanoma Cell B16‐F10
Authors: Manna Utsab , Ghosh Subhajit , Pharas Asish , Roy Nabanita , Pal Pradip , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: December 2024

Supramolecular synthon approach was employed to synthesize a series of primary ammonium monocarboxylate (PAM) salts derived from a well‐known nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) naproxen (NAP) and its amino acid conjugates namely naproxen‐L‐phenylalanine (NAP‐PHE) and naproxen‐L‐alanine (NAP‐ALA), and four amines namely tyramine (TYRM), tryptamine (TRPM), 3,4‐dimethoxyphenethylamine (DMP) and phenethylamine (PEA) as potential supramolecular gelators for developing self‐drug delivery system. Out of the total twelve PAM salts thus synthesized, 75 % of the salts showed gelation ability. Importantly, majority of the gelator salts (67 %) displayed gelling abilities with topical gel formulating solvent methyl salicylate. One such salt, NAP‐PHE⋅PEA was an ambidextrous gelator producing hydrogel with pure water and organogel with methyl salicylate with a minimum gelator concentration (MGC) of 0.5 wt % (w/v) thereby qualifying as a supergelator. The gels were extensively characterized by dynamic rheology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Supramolecular interactions such as π‐π and C−H…π were probed by variable‐temperature 1H‐NMR spectroscopy in the hydrogelation process of NAP‐PHE⋅PEA. Single crystal structures of nine out of twelve salts were determined and the supramolecular synthon present therein was carefully analyzed. Intriguing insights of the gel‐network structure was also investigated by structure‐property correlation based on single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction (SXRD, PXRD, respectively) analysis of gelator/nongelator salts. The gelator salt NAP‐PHE⋅PEA displayed significant anti‐cancer property against cancer cells (B16‐F10, HeLa and A375); it was found non‐cytotoxic against normal cell lines (E. derm and HEK‐293) at comparable concentrations as revealed by MTT assays. The gelator salt NAP‐PHE⋅PEA also displayed significant anti‐cancer behaviour against B16‐F10 (scratch assay) and HeLa (multi‐cellular tumour spheroid). The methyl salicylate gel of NAP‐PHE⋅PEA displayed shape‐sustaining, load‐bearing, self‐healing properties along with rheoreversibility, which are considered important for topical applications.
Adsorption mechanism of neodymium onto a South American ion‐adsorption clay and its associated minerals (goethite and silicon dioxide)
Authors: Ding Lingyang , Azimi Gisele
Published: December 2024

Ion‐adsorption clays, where rare earth elements (REEs) are adsorbed on surfaces due to weathering, elution, and adsorption processes, have been the primary sources of REEs, especially in China. Recently, South American ion‐adsorption clays, containing significant amounts of associated minerals such as goethite, silicon dioxide, and monazite, have gained attention for their complex REE occurrence and surface adsorption mechanisms. This study examines the performance and mechanisms of Nd3+ adsorption by South American ion‐adsorption clay. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms are investigated for the clay and its associated minerals (goethite and silicon dioxide) to clarify the REE adsorption mechanism. Additionally, attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) is used to analyze the samples before and after adsorption, and zeta potential measurements are conducted to determine the point of zero charge (pHpzc). Results indicate that ion‐adsorption clay carries a negative charge and surface hydroxyl groups, leading to both physisorption and chemisorption of Nd3+, with an activation energy of 6.0 kJ/mol. The negative surface charge is attributed to kaolinite, while hydroxyl groups are provided by both clay and associated minerals. Nd3+ adsorption on goethite and silicon dioxide is homogeneous monolayer chemisorption, driven by surface hydroxyl groups. Silicon dioxide exhibits a lower activation energy (23.6 kJ/mol) compared with goethite (39.6 kJ/mol), likely due to its smaller pHpzc and larger negative zeta potential at pH 6. However, goethite showed a higher adsorption capacity due to its more abundant surface hydroxyl groups.
The Significance of the ′Insignificant′: Non‐covalent Interactions in CO2 Reduction Reactions with 3C‐TM (TM=Sc‐Zn) Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Lu Linguo , Huang Jingsong , Guerrero Alvaro , Street Ian , Mosali Sriram , Sumpter Bobby G. , Mustain William E. , Chen Zhongfang
Published: December 2024

With energy shortages and excessive CO2 emissions driving climate change, converting CO2 into high‐value‐added products offers a promising solution for carbon recycling. We investigate CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR) catalyzed by 10 single‐atom catalysts (SACs), incorporating weak non‐covalent interactions, specifically lone pair‐π and H‐π interactions. The SACs, consisting of transition metals coordinated by three carbon atoms in a defective graphene substrate (3C‐TM, TM=Sc‐Zn), leverage these interactions to influence the energy fluctuations of intermediates and the limiting potentials of CO2RR, without altering the overall reaction pathway. Our findings show that SACs based on early transition metals (Sc, Ti, V, Cr) can serve as catalysts for C1 products, including HCOOH, HCHO, CH3OH, and CH4, while those based on Fe and Co are suitable for CO formation. Driving force analysis helps bridge theoretical results with experimental observations and propose a modified approach for assessing hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) competition. SACs based on Ni and Cu exhibit moderate HER tolerance, while early transition metals excel in selective CO2 reduction. We also identify a linear scaling relationship between the free energies of *COOH and *CO. This study offers valuable insights for future experimental studies and large‐scale computational screenings.
Electrochemical valorization of dilute reactive nitrogen compounds into ammonia: advances in catalysis and reactive separations
Authors: Lee Wonjun , Kim DongYeon , Kim Kwiyong
Published: December 2024

The global demand for sustainable nitrogen management has brought attention to the challenge of efficiently converting dilute nitrogen compounds, such as nitrates and nitrogen oxides, into valuable ammonia. This review emphasizes on innovative catalyst designs, including homogeneous and heterogenous catalysts tailored to low‐concentration reactive nitrogen species. Moreover it explores the integration of advanced separation and concentration techniques, such as electrosorption and dialysis, to overcome mass transport limitations and enable effective electrochemical valorization. This review also examines reactive separation strategies for post‐purification, focusing on the integration of recovery processes with catalysis in a direct manner. By detailing these approaches, this work outlines pathways to scalable and energy‐efficient solutions for converting waste nitrogen streams into ammonia, addressing critical challenges in nitrogen valorization and offering prospects for industrial applications.
Evaluation of Aliphatic Alcohols for CO2 Capture Using the Characteristic Carbonate Frequency
Authors: Delibas Berk , Cotton Dani , Sudhakaran Keerthy P. , Dawlaty Jahan M.
Published: December 2024

Control over CO2 capture and utilization are important scientific and technological challenges. Although a variety of amine absorbents are used for capture, releasing the captured CO2 is often difficult and limits their recyclability. Therefore, it is crucial to control the strength of the CO2 bond with the absorbent. Furthermore, it is desirable to use a method that can conveniently report the strength of this bond. This motivates exploring adducts of CO2 with alcohols in the presence of a base, using vibrational spectroscopy to report on the bond strength. Although reactions of alcohols with CO2 to form alkyl carbonates are known, a systematic study of these adducts has not been conducted. Here we show formation of alkyl carbonates by a series of alcohols spanning the pKa range 9.5 to 16.8. We show experimental and computational results for the frequency of the characteristic asymmetric stretch of the carbonate and demonstrate that it correlates inversely with the pKa of the alcohol. Based on computations of the bond lengths and previous work, we propose that this frequency also correlates inversely with the adduct strength. This work extends the scope of CO2 capture reagents and inspires further research in tuning alcohols as reversible absorbents.
Modeling on High‐Frequency Parasitic Parameters of Artificial Mains Network Based on Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Zhibo , Yan Wei , Zhao Yang
Published: December 2024

The performance of the artificial mains network (AMN) has an important influence on the accuracy of the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise measurement. The high‐frequency features of the AMN like impedance and voltage division factor (VDF) should be calibrated to enhance the precision of the conducted EMI noise measurement. Because the parasitic parameters of passive devices at high‐frequency have a significant influence on the performance of the AMN, a high‐frequency model of the AMN with parasitic parameters is established in the current study, and the high‐frequency parasitic parameters are extracted based on an improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm and AMN topology. The live wire impedance and VDF of R&S AMN ENV216 are obtained according to the presented approach. The results of the proposed method are compared with those extracted using the scattering parameters and a vector network analyzer, and the effectiveness of the method is validated. This study will aid in the calibration of the AMN and contribute to the accurate measurement of conducted EMI noise in electronic devices.
Mental Health After COVID‐19 Death‐Related Loss in Individuals With Eating Disorders: A Multi‐Country Nested Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: Costello Kayla , Birgegård Andreas , Borg Stina , Thornton Laura M. , Thompson Katherine A. , Hedlund Elin , Peat Christine M. , Goode Rachel W. , Termorshuizen Jet D. , Mantilla Emma Forsén , van Furth Eric F. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Watson Hunna J.
Published: December 2024

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic caused millions of deaths worldwide and significantly impacted people with eating disorders, exacerbating symptoms and limiting access to care. This study examined the association between COVID‐19 death‐related loss—defined as the death of a family member, friend, or acquaintance due to COVID‐19—and mental health among people with preexisting eating disorders in the United States (US), the Netherlands, and Sweden.

Method

Participants with a history of eating disorders completed a baseline survey early in the pandemic (US: N = 511; Netherlands: N = 510; Sweden: N = 982) and monthly (US, the Netherlands) or biannual (Sweden) follow‐ups from April 2020 to May 2021. The surveys assessed pandemic impact on eating disorder‐related behaviors and concerns, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and COVID‐19‐related deaths. A matched nested case–control design was used to compare individuals experiencing a death‐related loss with matched controls.

Results

A substantial proportion experienced a COVID‐19 death‐related loss (US: 33%; Netherlands: 39%; Sweden: 17%). No significant differences were found between cases and controls on eating disorder, anxiety, depression, or sleep outcomes.

Discussion

Despite the expected influence of COVID‐19 death‐related loss on mental health, our study found no significant association. Reactions to pandemics may be highly individual, and practitioners may want to consider broader losses—such as bereavement, missed educational experiences, relationship disruptions, financial instability, and employment challenges—when addressing patients' needs. Future research should continue to explore how death‐related loss impacts eating disorder risk and progression.
The Secret Family Life of a Group of Golden Jackals on Samos, Greece
Authors: Custers Jonas , Hatlauf Jennifer , van der Niet Sem , Tintoré Beatriz , Miliou Anastasia
Published: December 2024

The golden jackal (Canis aureus) is remarkably flexible in terms of behaviour. This is advantageous to the range expansion of the species to northern and western Europe. Despite the widespread distribution of the golden jackal, many aspects of its behaviour are still poorly known. In this study, we have aimed to improve our general understanding of golden jackal social behaviour by monitoring one family group of a unique insular population living on Samos (Greece) using camera trap data over a study period of 9 months. Successful identification of individual golden jackals based on visual characteristics, determination of the dominance hierarchy and social network analyses has allowed us to gain insights into the group's social organisation, mating system and social structure determined by social relationships. We revealed the studied family group to be relatively stable, consisting of a dominant adult pair and one or two generations of their offspring. Some major changes occurred during the breeding season in terms of social behaviour, group composition and structure. A total of six pups were born, which were cared for by both dominant adults as well as one male and one female yearling who stayed as helpers at the nest. Both the dominant female and the female yearling showed signs of lactation, suggesting either a case of pseudopregnancy or allonursing. Using non‐invasive methods combined with individual identification based on coat colouration patterns, this research contributes to our understanding of the social behaviour of the golden jackal population on Samos in Europe and, by extension, of the species as a whole.
Disparities in Perimyotis subflavus Body Mass Between Cave and Culvert Hibernacula in Georgia, USA
Authors: Ferrall Emily A. , Perea Santiago , Morris Katrina M. , Pattavina Pete E. , Irwin Brian J. , Hepinstall‐Cymerman Jeff , Castleberry Steven B.
Published: December 2024

The tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus), once common in the eastern United States, has experienced significant mortality due to white‐nose syndrome (WNS), a fungal disease that primarily affects bats hibernating in caves and mines. In coastal regions of the southeastern United States, where caves and mines are scarce, tricolored bats often use roadway culverts as hibernacula. However, WNS infection dynamics in culverts are poorly understood. Previous research indicated that bats with higher body mass at the onset of hibernation have a higher probability of surviving repeated arousal events from WNS. Therefore, we compared tricolored bat winter body mass between cave and culvert hibernacula and identified culvert characteristics influencing body mass during hibernation in Georgia, USA. From 2018 to 2022, we measured body mass of 754 individuals in early and late hibernation across 32 culverts (n = 497) and four caves (n = 257). Our study revealed a southward spread of the fungus over multiple years, with the first confirmed case of WNS in a Georgia culvert in 2022. Overall, tricolored bats in caves weighed more in early hibernation than those in culverts, but bats in culverts weighed more in late hibernation. Across all sites, female tricolored bats entering and leaving hibernation had greater mass than males but lost more mass during hibernation, possibly due to differences in torpor‐arousal patterns and WNS infection rates. Additionally, all bats lost more mass in longer culverts. Understanding culvert characteristics affecting bat body mass will inform management strategies to mitigate WNS effects. Identifying risk factors for specific tricolored bat hibernacula can guide managers on where to focus winter WNS monitoring efforts and potential treatments.
Impacts of Climate Change Conditions on the Potential Distribution of Anoplophora glabripennis and Its Host Plants, Salix babylonica and Salix matsudana, in China
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Ping , Xie Guanglin , Wang Wenkai
Published: December 2024

The Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) is a phytophagous pest that is seriously endangering Salix babylonica Linn. and S. matsudana Koidz. Poor control can damage local ecosystems, resulting in economic losses and management risks. In the context of climate change, the climatic ecological niche of organisms is no longer compatible with the surrounding environment. To mitigate the effects of climate change, some organisms respond adaptively to climate change through different mechanisms and in different ways. In this study, an optimized MaxEnt model was used to explore the potential distribution areas of A. glabripennis and its host plants, S. babylonica and S. matsudana, in response to current and future climate and to determine their movement routes and relative dynamics. The results show that the optimized model exhibits the lowest complexity and excellent prediction accuracy. It is important to note that both temperature and precipitation are the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of suitable habitats for A. glabripennis and its host plants. This is evidenced by the mean temperature of the warmest quarter and precipitation of the wettest month being the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of suitable habitats for the host plants. Similarly, the minimum temperature of the coldest month and precipitation seasonality are the primary bioclimatic variables constraining the dispersal of A. glabripennis. Under climate change, the suitable areas of both S. babylonica and S. matsudana are declining, while the suitable areas of A. glabripennis are expanding in future climates. Furthermore, three species exhibited a proclivity for migration to higher latitudes in response to climate change. In conclusion, this study contributes to our understanding of the biogeographic characteristics of these A. glabripennis, S. babylonica, and S. matsudana and provides a basis for the formulation of timely conservation strategies to reduce the potential impacts of climate change. This is of great significance for the rational management, utilization, and protection of forest ecosystems in China.
Mono‐, Di‐, and Trinuclear Complex Anions of RuF5 in Rb[RuF6], Cs[Ru2F11], and [O2][Ru3F16]
Authors: Koch Björn , Graubner Tim , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian
Published: December 2024

Herein, we report the synthesis of Rb[RuF6], Cs[Ru2F11], and [O2][Ru3F16] containing mononuclear [RuF6]−, dinuclear [Ru2F11]−, and trinuclear [Ru3F16]− anions, respectively, and their characterization by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Such a trinuclear anion is described for Ru for the first time. Rb[RuF6] was additionally investigated by Raman spectroscopy while Cs[Ru2F11] was studied by IR and Raman spectroscopy. The fluoride ion affinities of RuF5 and the hypothetic molecules Ru2F10 and Ru3F15 were studied by quantum‐chemical calculations and shown to decrease with increasing nuclearity in contrast to SbxF5 ⋅ x species. Intrinsic bond orbital calculations show essentially ionic μ‐F−Ru bonds in the anions [Ru2F11]− and [Ru3F16]−.