bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Tranexamic Acid with GCS in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ziad Kamil , Khan Inayat Ali , Shehbaz Lal , Sidhwani Santosh Kumar , Fawad Bina , Fahim Ariba
Published: May 2022

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) occurs due to head injury ranging from simple blow to penetrating injury. TBI refers to a violently produced brain damage that is either blunting or piercing that accelerates or decelerates, resulting in the development of various clinical signs and symptoms such as loss of consciousness or lowered awareness level, entire or partial loss of memory, and various neurological or neuropsychological abnormalities, all of which can lead to disability or death. . As a result, antifibrinolytic drugs like tranexamic acid (TXA) may help to prevent traumatic intra-cranial hemorrhage. The aim of current study was to determine the effect of Tranexamic acid on Glasgow Coma Scale score in TBI patients

Methodology: In this Quasi experimental type of study the 126 patients were recruited from the emergency department of Ziauddin University and Hospital North site who were presented with the traumatic brain injury. Confirmed patients of TBI were distributed into two groups; Tranexamic acid Group: A group of TBI patient received 1 gm. of tranexamic acid infused over ten minutes within three hours of injury along with standard treatment and Placebo Group: A group of TBI patient only received standard treatment.

Results: The mean age of the study subjects was found to be 45.6±18.7 ranged between 18 to 89 years. While assessing the clinical parameters mean temperature recorded is 36.6 ºC, with mean respiratory rate and pulse rate of 20.3 and 91.6 respectively. The comparative analysis of the two treatment groups in which one group got the TXA and other had the usual recommended drugs only with the effectiveness of TXA in term of improvement of GCS score showed highly significant statistical association.

Conclusion: Use of Trenaxamic acid (TXA) helps in improvement of GCS at many intervals of 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours as compared to those who received conventional treatment.
The challenges of working with emotion in coaching
Authors: Duffell Peter , Lawton-Smith Carmelina
Published: May 2022

The role of emotion in coaching has attracted significant recent debate and this article summarises three potential perspectives that coaches may be using in respect of emotion. It then goes on to highlight a number of potential issues that need further exploration. Firstly, defining emotion remains a complex area of debate and without a shared understanding with clients of what is meant by ‘emotion’, coaches may find it hard to work with effectively. Secondly, dealing with emotion in the coaching interaction often relies on the recounting and recalling of a previous event and is therefore subject to memory. The coach is working with the account of the event from memory, rather than the event itself. This has implications for the role of the coach in dealing with the subsequent client meaning making of emotional events. Lastly, the limitations of language may influence the coaching interaction when discussing emotions, leading to unhelpful consequences. Some suggestions are made to help inform coaching practice when working with emotion.
Growing the ‘I’ and the ‘We’ in Transformational Leadership: The LEAD, LEARN & GROW Model
Authors: Watts Mary , Corrie Sarah
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the LEAD, LEARN & GROW Model of leadership development – an approach emerging from practice-based insights – and describes how the Model was received by coaching psychologists in the context of a workshop facilitated by the first author at the Annual Conference of the Special Group in Coaching Psychology (SGCP) in December 2012. Participants’ reactions to the Model suggested that it had face validity and was a potentially useful framework for leadership coaching; thus, the idea for this article was born. In this article the authors describe both the model and the workshop in which it was explored and developed. Ideas and discussion emerging from the workshop participants have been incorporated into the article, which concludes with a series of questions offered as aids for further reflection and guidance in the application of the LEAD, LEARN & GROW Model.
A behavioural approach to BIG problems encountered in coaching: Behaviour Incompatible with Goals
Authors: Palmer Stephen , Dunkley Christine
Published: May 2022

In this article a method of addressing Behaviour Incompatible with Goals (BIG) that can prevent coachees from making progress and achieving their goals will be covered. The methodology is derived from Dialectical Behaviour Therapy and adapted to coaching practice. Problems or issues that occur out-of-session are addressed.
Rational Coaching: A cognitive behavioural approach
Authors: Palmer Stephen
Published: May 2022

Rational Coaching is based on the Rational Emotive Behavioural Approach developed by Albert Ellis. It is suitable for personal/life, performance, executive and health coaching. This paper covers the basic theory and practice of Rational Coaching and includes the ABCDEF coaching framework for assessment and intervention.
Mindfulness in coaching: A model for coaching practice
Authors: Passmore Jonathan
Published: May 2022

This is the first in a series of papers to look at mindfulness coaching as an approach suitable for use with coaching clients. This paper presents a brief overview of mindfulness for readers who are less familiar with the approach and highlights other sources for a fuller account of mindfulness coaching. The paper sets the scene for a subsequent series of papers in this and future issues of The Coaching Psychologist Techniques Section. Each of these subsequent techniques papers presents a short description of a technique grounded in mindfulness that can be used with clients or by coaching psychologists to enhance their own presence, resilience and empathy.
‘Mindfulness in Coaching’: STOP
Authors: Passmore Jonathan
Published: May 2022

This short article focuses on a specific technique, STOP, which is part of a wider series of papers on Mindfulness Coaching. The paper offers a short description of the process and when this technique may be most helpful within a coaching conversation.
Narrative coaching – Part 3: Approaches for groups, teams, organisations and community
Authors: Law Ho
Published: May 2022

This paper explores how narrative coaching is applied for groups, teams, organisations and communities using techniques called outsider witness and definitional ceremony. It includes applications in the organisational context and discussions on their implications for research and practices. In Part 2, I called for action research as part of narrative coaching practice. This paper demonstrates how the process of action research can be embedded in narrative coaching. The procedures are powerful, effective, and an efficient way to widen access to training and psychological interventions especially in crisis situations e.g. the Grenfell Tower fire in 2017, Covid-19 pandemic and climate emergency.
Building reflective capability to enhance coaching practice
Authors: Kovacs Louise , Corrie Sarah
Published: May 2022

The ability to reflect on our work is increasingly recognised as a vital competence of skilled professional practice. However, reflection is a concept that has proved difficult to define and operationalise which can hamper the ability to devise effective means of enhancing this capability. This article examines the concept of reflection, reviews some of the literature which seeks to inform our understanding of reflective practice, and provides an illustration of its use in coaching research and practice. The article concludes with some recommendations for coaches and coaching psychologists who wish to develop their skills as reflective practitioners.
Special section on Coaching Psychology and Clinical Disorders
Authors: Szymanska Kasia
Published: May 2022

This paper addresses how to manage clients with depression in the coaching relationship. The symptoms of depression are discussed, as are the strategies used to work with clients and if required the subsequent referral process for psychotherapy.
Mammoth bipartisan bill would revamp SAMHSA programs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2022

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is up for some significant changes, including a long‐awaited reauthorization — and, with it, a name change for the block grant — in a bill under consideration in Congress. On May 6, Representatives Frank Pallone, Jr. (D–NJ) and Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R–Wash.), chairman and ranking member of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, released proposed legislation that would reauthorize SAMHSA and revamp many of its programs. Markup (voting by the Health Subcommittee) of the bill, the Restoring Hope for Mental Health and Well‐Being Act of 2022, was scheduled for May 11, with a second markup scheduled for this week. Changes included in the bill include changes to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA).
NIAAA director on alcohol‐drug interactions: “2+2=5”
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2022

We asked George Koob, Ph.D., director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), about his reflections on combining alcohol and cannabis. While it's obvious that established central nervous depressants like opioids or benzodiazepines would, when combined with alcohol, cause serious problems, what about tetrahydrocannbinol (THC), the active ingredient of cannabis? “My usual explanation for any combination of alcohol and a sedative hypnotic or an opioid is 2 plus 2 equals 5,” Koob told us last month. This would apply also to “any drug that slows you down – and THC slows you down,” he added. “The interaction with alcohol is pretty dramatic” for such drugs.
The Effects of Washing and Formaldehyde Sterilization on the Mechanical Performance of Poly(methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Parts Produced by Material Extrusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing or Material Jetting
Authors: Petersmann Sandra , Hentschel Lukas , Gonzalez-Gutierrez Joamin , Tödtling Martin , Schäfer Ute , Arbeiter Florian , Üçal Muammer
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, personalized medical implants are frequently produced through additive manufacturing. As all medical devices have to undergo specific washing and sterilization before application, the effects of a predefined cleaning routine that is available to the clinical institutes, washing with chemical agent and formaldehyde fumigation, on the mechanical behavior of printed parts are examined. Mechanical properties of parts manufactured by fused filament fabrication (FFF) and ARBURG plastic freeforming (APF) using two poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐based materials, 3Diakon and CYROLITE MD H12, respectively, are analyzed using flexural and impact tests. An influence of cleaning treatments on the mechanical properties of APF samples is not detected. FFF samples, however, show lower impact strength after washing, but not after sterilization. The fracture surfaces, porosity values, or chemical structure assessed by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy could not explain this decrease. Influence of the cleaning treatments on the material itself is assessed using thin compression‐molded specimens. The influence on the stress–strain curves is negligible, apart from a slight but significant reduction in the yield stress. FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses of the fracture surfaces do not show detectable differences among differentially treated samples.
RuO2 Supercapacitor Enables Flexible, Safe, and Efficient Optoelectronic Neural Interface
Authors: Karatum Onuralp , Yildiz Erdost , Kaleli Humeyra Nur , Sahin Afsun , Ulgut Burak , Nizamoglu Sedat
Published: May 2022

Optoelectronic biointerfaces offer a wireless and nongenetic neurostimulation pathway with high spatiotemporal resolution. Fabrication of low‐cost and flexible optoelectronic biointerfaces that have high photogenerated charge injection densities and clinically usable cell stimulation mechanism is critical for rendering this technology useful for ubiquitous biomedical applications. Here, supercapacitor technology is combined with flexible organic optoelectronics by integrating RuO2 into a donor–acceptor photovoltaic device architecture that facilitates efficient and safe photostimulation of neurons. Remarkably, high interfacial capacitance of RuO2 resulting from reversible redox reactions leads to more than an order‐of‐magnitude increase in the safe stimulation mechanism of capacitive charge transfer. The RuO2‐enhanced photoelectrical response activates voltage‐gated sodium channels of hippocampal neurons and elicits repetitive, low‐light intensity, and high‐success rate firing of action potentials. Double‐layer capacitance together with RuO2‐induced reversible faradaic reactions provide a safe stimulation pathway, which is verified via intracellular oxidative stress measurements. All‐solution‐processed RuO2‐based biointerfaces are flexible, biocompatible, and robust under harsh aging conditions, showing great promise for building safe and highly light‐sensitive next‐generation neural interfaces.
Functional Carbon Nitride Materials in Photo‐Fenton‐Like Catalysis for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Lin Jingkai , Tian Wenjie , Guan Zheyu , Zhang Huayang , Duan Xiaoguang , Wang Hao , Sun Hongqi , Fang Yanfen , Huang Yingping , Wang Shaobin
Published: May 2022

Among various advanced oxidation processes, coupled photocatalysis and heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalysis (known as photo‐Fenton‐like catalysis) to generate highly reactive species for environmental remediation has attracted wide interests. As an emerging metal‐free photocatalyst, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4, CN) has been recently recognized as a promising candidate to catalyze robustly heterogeneous photo‐Fenton‐like reactions for wastewater remediation. This review summarizes recent progress in fabricating various types of CN‐based catalysts for the photo‐Fenton‐like reaction process. Innovative engineering strategies on the CN matrix are outlined, ranging from morphology control, defect engineering, nonmetal atom doping, organic molecule doping to modification by metal‐containing species. The photo‐Fenton‐like catalytic activities of CN loaded with auxiliary sub‐nanoscale (e.g., quantum dots, organometallic molecules, metal cations, and single atom metals) and nanoscale metal‐based materials are critically evaluated. Hybridization of CN with bandgap‐matching semiconductors for the construction of type‐II and Z‐scheme heterojunctions are also examined. The critical factors (e.g., morphology, dimensionality, light absorption, charge excitation/migration, catalytic sites, H2O2 generation and activation) that determine the performance of CN‐based photocatalysts in Fenton‐like catalysis are systematically discussed. After examining the structure–activity relationship, research perspectives are proposed for further development of CN‐based photocatalysts toward more efficient photo‐Fenton‐like reactions and their application in practical water treatment.
Structural Design and Fabrication of Multifunctional Nanocarbon Materials for Extreme Environmental Applications
Authors: Wu Sijia , Li Huajian , Futaba Don N. , Chen Guohai , Chen Chen , Zhou Kechen , Zhang Qifan , Li Miao , Ye Zonglin , Xu Ming
Published: May 2022

Extreme environments represent numerous harsh environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, corrosion, and radiation. The tolerance of applications in extreme environments exemplifies significant challenges to both materials and their structures. Given the superior mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and chemical stability of nanocarbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, they are widely investigated as base materials for extreme environmental applications and have shown numerous breakthroughs in the fields of wide‐temperature structural‐material construction, low‐temperature energy storage, underwater sensing, and electronics operated at high temperatures. Here, the critical aspects of structural design and fabrication of nanocarbon materials for extreme environments are reviewed, including a description of the underlying mechanism supporting the performance of nanocarbon materials against extreme environments, the principles of structural design of nanocarbon materials for the optimization of extreme environmental performances, and the fabrication processes developed for the realization of specific extreme environmental applications. Finally, perspectives on how CNTs and graphene can further contribute to the development of extreme environmental applications are presented.
Achieving Ultrahigh‐Rate Planar and Dendrite‐Free Zinc Electroplating for Aqueous Zinc Battery Anodes
Authors: Pu Shengda D. , Gong Chen , Tang Yuanbo T. , Ning Ziyang , Liu Junliang , Zhang Shengming , Yuan Yi , Melvin Dominic , Yang Sixie , Pi Liquan , Marie John‐Joseph , Hu Bingkun , Jenkins Max , Li Zixuan , Liu Boyang , Tsang S. C. Edman , Marrow T. James , Reed Roger C. , Gao Xiangwen , Bruce Peter G. , Robertson Alex W.
Published: May 2022

Despite being one of the most promising candidates for grid‐level energy storage, practical aqueous zinc batteries are limited by dendrite formation, which leads to significantly compromised safety and cycling performance. In this study, by using single‐crystal Zn‐metal anodes, reversible electrodeposition of planar Zn with a high capacity of 8 mAh cm−2 can be achieved at an unprecedentedly high current density of 200 mA cm−2. This dendrite‐free electrode is well maintained even after prolonged cycling (>1200 cycles at 50 mA cm−2). Such excellent electrochemical performance is due to single‐crystal Zn suppressing the major sources of defect generation during electroplating and heavily favoring planar deposition morphologies. As so few defect sites form, including those that would normally be found along grain boundaries or to accommodate lattice mismatch, there is little opportunity for dendritic structures to nucleate, even under extreme plating rates. This scarcity of defects is in part due to perfect atomic‐stitching between merging Zn islands, ensuring no defective shallow‐angle grain boundaries are formed and thus removing a significant source of non‐planar Zn nucleation. It is demonstrated that an ideal high‐rate Zn anode should offer perfect lattice matching as this facilitates planar epitaxial Zn growth and minimizes the formation of any defective regions.
Tailoring Oxygen Reduction Reaction Pathway on Spinel Oxides via Surficial Geometrical‐Site Occupation Modification Driven by the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: An Li , Hu Yang , Li Jianyi , Zhu Jiamin , Sun Mingzi , Huang Bolong , Xi Pinxian , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: May 2022

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been demonstrated as a critical technology for both energy conversion technologies and hydrogen peroxide intermediate production. Herein, an in situ oxygen evolution reaction (OER) surface evolution strategy is applied for changing the surface structure of MnCo2O4 oxide with tetrahedral and octahedral cations vacancies to realize reaction pathway switching from 2e− ORR and 4e− ORR. Interestingly, the as‐synthesized MnCo2O4‐pristine (MnCo2O4‐P) with the highest surficial Mn/Co octahedron occupation favors two electrons reaction routes exhibiting high H2O2 selectivity (≈80% and reaches nearly 100% at 0.75 V vs RHE); after surface atoms reconstruction, MnCo2O4‐activation (MnCo2O4‐A) with the largest Mn/Co tetrahedron occupation present excellent ORR performance through the four‐electron pathway with an ultrahigh onset potential and half‐wave potential of 0.78 and 0.92 V, ideal mass activity (MA), and turnover frequencies (TOF) values. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the concurrent modulations of both Co and Mn by the surface reconstructions, which improve the electroactivity of MnCo2O4‐A toward the 4e− pathway. This work provides a new perspective to building correlation of OER activation–ORR property, bringing detailed understating for reaction route transformation, and thus guiding the development of certain electrocatalysts with specific purposes.
Chiral Mesostructured Carbonate with Vibrational Circular Dichroism
Authors: Huang Maofu , Zhang Xueliang , Han Lu , Che Shunai , Duan Yingying
Published: May 2022

The absorption‐based optical activities (OA) of chiral inorganic materials without the assistance from organic molecules are limited in the plasmon of chiral metallic nanomaterials and the electron transition of chiral semiconductors at the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) region. In this work, chiral mesostructured manganese carbonate (CMMC) nano‐dumbbells with hierarchically chiral structures are synthesized, exhibiting vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) signals. CMMC powders are synthesized by a chiral‐molecule‐induced hydrothermal method. Three levels of hierarchical chirality exist in the CMMC, including primary twisted nanoflakes with distorted crystal lattices at the atomic level, secondary stacking of nanoflakes to form a nanoplate, and tertiary arranged nanoplates to form a twisting nano‐dumbbell. Antipodal CMMC samples exhibit antipodal VCD signals at the infrared region (IR) absorption 1400 and 860 cm–1, attributed to vibrational transitions in the asymmetric electric field and selective light harvesting in the hierarchically chiral structures.
Topological Supercavity Resonances in the Finite System
Authors: Huang Lujun , Jia Bin , Chiang Yan Kei , Huang Sibo , Shen Chen , Deng Fu , Yang Tianzhi , Powell David A , Li Yong , Miroshnichenko Andrey E
Published: May 2022

Acoustic resonant cavities play a vital role in modern acoustical systems. The ultrahigh quality‐factor resonances are highly desired for some applications such as high‐resolution acoustic sensors and acoustic lasers. Here, a class of supercavity resonances is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated in a coupled acoustic resonator system, arising from the merged bound states in the continuum (BICs) in geometry space. Their topological origin is demonstrated by explicitly calculating their topological charges before and after BIC merging, accompanied by charges annihilation. Compared with other types of BICs, they are robust to the perturbation brought by fabrication imperfection. Moreover, it is found that such supercavity modes can be linked with the Friedrich–Wintgen BICs supported by an entire rectangular (cuboid) resonator sandwiched between two rectangular (or circular) waveguides and thus more supercavity modes are constructed. Then, these coupled resonators are fabricated and such a unique phenomenon—moving, merging, and vanishing of BICs—is experimentally confirmed by measuring their reflection spectra, which show good agreement with the numerical simulation and theoretical prediction of mode evolution. The results may find exciting applications in acoustic and photonics, such as enhanced acoustic emission, filtering, and sensing.
Unravelling Alkali‐Metal‐Assisted Domain Distribution of Quasi‐2D Perovskites for Cascade Energy Transfer toward Efficient Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cai Wanqing , Ali Muhammad Umair , Liu Ping , He Miao , Zhao Cong , Chen Ziming , Zang Yue , Tang Man‐Chung , Meng Hong , Fu Hongyan , Wei Guodan , Yip Hin‐Lap
Published: May 2022

Solution processable quasi‐2D (Q‐2D) perovskite materials are emerging as a promising candidate for blue light source in full‐color display applications due to their good color saturation property, high brightness, and spectral tunability. Herein, an efficient energy cascade channel is developed by introducing sodium bromide (NaBr) in phenyl‐butylammonium (PBA)‐containing mixed‐halide Q‐2D perovskites for a blue perovskite light‐emitting diode (PeLED). The incorporation of alkali metal contributes to the nucleation and growth of Q‐2D perovskites into graded distribution of domains with different layer number . The study of excitation dynamics by transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy confirms that NaBr induces more Q‐2D perovskite phases with small n number, providing a graded energy cascade pathway to facilitate more efficient energy transfer processes. In addition, the nonradiative recombination within the Q‐2D perovskites is significantly suppressed upon Na+ incorporation, as validated by the trap density estimation. Consequently, the optimized blue PeLEDs manifest a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.0% emitting at 486 nm with a maximum luminance of 1699 cd m−2. It is anticipated that these findings will improve the understanding of alkali‐metal‐assisted optimization of Q‐2D perovskites and pave the way toward high‐performance blue PeLEDs.
Realizing Negatively Charged Metal Atoms through Controllable d‐Electron Transfer in Ternary Ir1−xRhxSb Intermetallic Alloy for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lin Zhiping , Xiao BeiBei , Huang Min , Yan Linghui , Wang Zongpeng , Huang Yucong , Shen Shijie , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Zhong Wenwu
Published: May 2022

Alloying noble metals with non‐noble metals is a promising method to fabricate catalysts, with the advantages of reduced noble metal usage and excellent activity. In this work, electron‐abundant Ir/Rh sites, as highly active centers for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), are realized by fabricating Ir1−xRhxSb alloys through the arc‐melting method. The electron transfer from Sb to Ir/Rh makes the latter negatively charged, leading to considerably optimized adsorption for active H species during HER. As a result, the Ir1−xRhxSb alloy exhibits outstanding activity for HER, with an optimized overpotential of 22 mV at 10 mA cm–2 and a Tafel slope of 47.6 mV dec–1. This work provides insights into highly active alloys and sheds light on the utilization of electron‐abundant metal atoms.
Highly Reliable Synaptic Cell Array Based on Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Bilayer Stack toward Precise Offline Learning
Authors: Cha Jun-Hwe , Jang Byung Chul , Oh Jungyeop , Lee Changhyeon , Yang Sang Yoon , Park Hamin , Im Sung Gap , Choi Sung-Yool
Published: May 2022

As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) soars, the development of novel neuromorphic computing is demanding because of the disadvantages of the von Neumann architecture. Furthermore, extensive research on electrochemical metallization (ECM) memristors as synaptic cells have been carried out toward a linear conductance update for online learning applications. In most cases, however, a conductance distribution change over time has not been studied as a major issue, giving less consideration to inference‐only computing accelerators based on offline learning. Herein, organic–inorganic bilayer stacking for synaptic unit cells using poly(1,3,5‐trivinyl‐1,3,5‐trimethyl cyclotrisiloxane) (pV3D3) and Al2O3thin films is suggested, showing highly enhanced reliability for offline learning. The bilayer structure achieves better reliability and control of the analog resistive switching and synaptic functions, respectively, through the guided formation of conductive filaments via tip‐enhanced electric fields. In addition, 5‐bit multilevel states achieve long‐term stability (>104 s) following an in‐depth study on conductance‐level stability. Finally, a device‐to‐system‐level simulation is performed by building a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the hybrid devices. This highlighted the significance of multilevel states in fully connected layers. It is believed that the study provides a practical approach to using ECM‐based memristors for inference‐only neural network accelerators.
Dual Stiffness Tensegrity Platform for Resilient Robotics
Authors: Zappetti Davide , Sun Yi , Gevers Matthieu , Mintchev Stefano , Floreano Dario
Published: May 2022

Collision resilience is an important feature of robots deployed in unstructured and partially unpredictable environments. Herein, a novel dual stiffness (DS) tensegrity platform to integrate collision resilience into a robot body is proposed. The proposed DS tensegrity platform is rigid during normal robot operation, but softens upon collision to withstand the impact. The DS behavior is achieved by means of a novel DS strut that is rigid, but can buckle without breaking under high loads, thus preventing damage to the robot. Compression tests and finite element method simulations show that both the DS struts and DS tensegrities undergo substantial stiffness change with maximum load‐bearing ratios up to 10.5 and 5.74, respectively, before and after buckling. These DS tensegrity structures are integrated into two types of robots, a drone and a rover, that are shown to withstand falls from 2 and 5 m, respectively. The mechanical tunability of the proposed DS tensegrity system makes it suitable for impact attenuation in a wide range of situations and robot types.
A CRISPR view of hematopoietic stem cells: Moving innovative bioengineering into the clinic
Authors: Worthington Atesh K. , Forsberg E. Camilla
Published: May 2022

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas genome engineering has emerged as a powerful tool to modify precise genomic sequences with unparalleled accuracy and efficiency. Major advances in CRISPR technologies over the last 5 years have fueled the development of novel techniques in hematopoiesis research to interrogate the complexities of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. In particular, high throughput CRISPR based screens using various “flavors” of Cas coupled with sequencing and/or functional outputs are becoming increasingly efficient and accessible. In this review, we discuss recent achievements in CRISPR‐mediated genomic engineering and how these new tools have advanced the understanding of HSC heterogeneity and function throughout life. Additionally, we highlight how these techniques can be used to answer previously inaccessible questions and the challenges to implement them. Finally, we focus on their translational potential to both model and treat hematological diseases in the clinic.
Long‐term outcomes of patients with conjunctival extranodal marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Saul Eduardo Edelman , Alderuccio Juan Pablo , Reis Isildinha M. , Zhao Wei , Iyer Sunil G. , Rodriguez Gregor , Desai Amrita , Chapman Jennifer R. , Tse David T. , Markoe Arnold M. , Isrow Derek M. , Lossos Izidore S.
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive information on clinical features and long‐term outcomes of primary conjunctival extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (PCEMZL) is scarce. We present a large single‐institution retrospective study of 72 patients. The median age was 64 years, and 63.9% were female. Stage I was present in 87.5%. Radiation therapy (RT) alone was the most common treatment (70.8%). Complete response (CR) was 87.5%, and 100% in RT‐treated patients. With a median follow‐up of 6.7 years, relapse/progression and death occurred in 19.4% each, with one relapse within the RT field. The 10‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 68.4% (95% CI 52.8%–79.8%) and 89.4% (95% CI 77.4%–95.2%), respectively. The 10‐year rate for time to progression from diagnosis was 22.5% (95% CI 11.6%–35.7%). The 10‐year PFS and OS of MALT‐IPI 0 versus 1–2 were 83.3% versus 51.3%, (p = .022) and 97.6% versus 76.6%, (p = .0052), respectively. The following characteristics were associated with shorter survival: age > 60 years (PFS: HR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.08–7.95; p = .035, OS: HR = 9.07, 95% CI 1.17–70.26; p = .035) and MALT‐IPI 1–2 (PFS: HR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.12–6.31; p = .027, OS: HR = 6.64, 95% CI 1.45–30.37; p = .015). CR following frontline therapy was associated with longer PFS (HR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.04–0.45; p = .001), but not OS. Using the Fine and Gray regression model with death without relapse/progression as a competing risk, RT and CR after frontline therapy were associated with lower risk of relapse (SHR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.12–0.96 p = .041 and SHR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.36; p < .001, respectively). Patients with PCEMZL treated with frontline RT exhibit excellent long‐term survival, and the MALT‐IPI score appropriately identifies patients at risk for treatment failure.
Preparation of Functionalized Amides Using Dicarbamoylzincs
Authors: Djukanovic Dimitrije , Ganiek Maximilian A. , Nishi Kohei , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Mashima Kazushi , Knochel Paul
Published: May 2022

We report a new convenient preparation of dicarbamoylzincs of type (R1R2NCO)2Zn by the treatment of ZnCl2and formamides R1R2NCHO with LiTMP in THF (15 °C, 15 min) or by the reaction of formamides R1R2NCHO with TMP2Zn (25 °C, 16 h). This second method tolerates sensitive groups such as an ester, ketone or nitro function. Reaction of these dicarbamoylzincs with allylic, benzylic, aryl, alkenyl bromides, acid chlorides, aldehydes or enones provided various polyfunctional amides in 47–97 % yields.13C NMR characterization of these new carbamoylzinc derivatives is reported.
Anwendung der ETB‐Richtline auf Befestigungselemente von Fenstern und Fassaden
Authors: Eierle Benno , Jehl Wolfgang , Sack Norbert
Published: May 2022

Die ETB‐Richtlinie „Bauteile, die gegen Absturz sichern“ aus dem Jahr 1985 ist eine der ältesten Vorschriften, die in den aktuellen Technischen Baubestimmungen (Teil A, Lfd. Nr. A 1.2.1.3) enthalten sind. Sie definiert ebenso wie der Eurocode 1 die Einwirkungen auf absturzsichernde Bauteile, enthält im Gegensatz zum EC1 jedoch auch Nachweismethoden und Anforderungen an Stoßlasten. Dieser Bericht umreißt den Anwendungsbereich, für den die ETB‐Richtlinie heute noch relevant ist, und stellt die theoretischen Hintergründe für den Nachweis von Befestigungselementen für den weichen Stoß dar, die bisher nur schlecht dokumentiert sind. Zudem werden erweiterte Lastansätze und Nachweismethoden für die Fensterbefestigung in hochwärmedämmendem Mauerwerk vorgestellt, die im Rahmen eines durch das DIBt geförderten Forschungsprojekts erarbeitet wurden.
Construction of joint confidence spaces for the optimal true class fraction triplet in the ROC space using alternative biomarker cutoffs
Authors: Shi Peng , Bantis Leonidas E.
Published: May 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer of the liver. Finding new biomarkers for its early detection is of high clinical importance. As with many other diseases, cancer has a progressive nature. In cancer biomarker studies, it is often the case that the true disease status of the recruited individuals exhibits more than two classes. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) surface is a well‐known statistical tool for assessing the biomarkers' discriminatory ability in trichotomous settings. The volume under the ROC surface (VUS) is an overall measure of the discriminatory ability of a marker. In practice, clinicians are often in need of cutoffs for decision‐making purposes. A popular approach for computing such cutoffs is the Youden index and its recent three‐class generalization. A drawback of such a method is that it treats the data in a pairwise fashion rather than consider all the data simultaneously. The use of the minimized Euclidean distance from the perfection corner to the ROC surface (also known as closest to perfection method) is an alternative to the Youden index that may be preferable in some settings. When such a method is employed, there is a need for inferences around the resulting true class rates/fractions that correspond to the optimal operating point. In this paper, we provide an inferential framework for the derivation of marginal confidence intervals (CIs) and joint confidence spaces (CSs) around the corresponding true class fractions, when dealing with trichotomous settings. We explore parametric and nonparametric approaches for the construction of such CIs and CSs. We evaluate our approaches through extensive simulations and apply them to a real data set that refers to HCC patients.
gBOIN‐ET: The generalized Bayesian optimal interval design for optimal dose‐finding accounting for ordinal graded efficacy and toxicity in early clinical trials
Authors: Takeda Kentaro , Morita Satoshi , Taguri Masataka
Published: May 2022

One of the primary objectives of an oncology dose‐finding trial for novel therapies, such as molecular targeted agents and immune‐oncology therapies, is to identify an optimal dose (OD) that is tolerable and therapeutically beneficial for subjects in subsequent clinical trials. These new therapeutic agents appear more likely to induce multiple low‐ or moderate‐grade toxicities than dose‐limiting toxicities. Besides, efficacy should be evaluated as an overall response and stable disease in solid tumors and the difference between complete remission and partial remission in lymphoma. This paper proposes the generalized Bayesian optimal interval design for dose‐finding accounting for efficacy and toxicity grades. The new design, named “gBOIN‐ET” design, is model‐assisted, simple, and straightforward to implement in actual oncology dose‐finding trials than model‐based approaches. These characteristics are quite valuable in practice. A simulation study shows that the gBOIN‐ET design has advantages compared with the other model‐assisted designs in the percentage of correct OD selection and the average number of patients allocated to the ODs across various realistic settings.
Built to last: Theta and delta changes in resting‐state EEG activity after regulating emotions
Authors: Lapomarda Gaia , Valer Stefania , Job Remo , Grecucci Alessandro
Published: May 2022

Background

: Over the past years, electroencephalography (EEG) studies focused on task‐related activity to characterize cortical responses associated with emotion regulation (ER), without exploring the possibility that regulating emotions can leave a trace in the brain by affecting its oscillatory activity. Demonstrating whether the effect of regulation alters the brain activity after the session and whether this reflects an increased cognitive regulatory ability has great relevance.

Methods

: To address this issue, 5 min of electrical brain activity at rest were recorded before and after (1) one session in which participants perceived and regulated (through distancing) their emotions (regulation session, ReS), and (2) another session in which they only perceived emotions (attend session, AtS). One hundred and sixty visual stimuli were presented, and subjective ratings of valence and arousal of stimuli were recorded.

Results

: Behavioral results showed the efficacy of the regulation strategy in modulating both arousal and valence. A cluster‐based permutation test on EEG data at rest revealed a significant increase in theta and delta activity after the ReS compared to the AtS, suggesting that regulating emotions can alter brain activity after the session.

Conclusions

: These results allowed us to outline a comprehensive view of the neurophysiological mechanisms associated with ER, as well as some possible implications in psychotherapy.
Free speech, politics, and campus safety
Authors: Zacarese Lawrence M.
Published: May 2022

By the time you are reading this column, the spring 2022 semester will be behind all of us, commencements will be over, and for those campuses with summer classes and events, those activities will already be well underway.
Did court dismiss student's negligence claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: May 2022

Jane Doe was an Allegheny College student residing in an on‐campus residence hall. The residence hall had nine entrances accessible via proximity access cards and/or student identification cards.
First‐line chemotherapy in advanced intra‐abdominal well‐differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma: An EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group retrospective analysis
Authors: Stacchiotti Silvia , Van der Graaf Winette T. A. , Sanfilippo Roberta G. , Marreaud Sandrine I. , Van Houdt Winan J. , Judson Ian R. , Gronchi Alessandro , Gelderblom Hans , Litiere Saskia , Kasper Bernd
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

No prospective trial with anthracycline‐based chemotherapy has individually assessed response in a well‐differentiated (WD)/dedifferentiated (DD) liposarcoma patient cohort. We conducted a retrospective analysis of first‐line chemotherapy in liposarcoma of intra‐abdominal origin (IA‐LPS) in patients who had entered the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)/Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group (STBSG) trials.

METHODS

We searched for all adult patients treated with first‐line chemotherapy for advanced IA‐LPS in the EORTC STBSG phase 2 and 3 trials from 1978. Treatment was aggregated into 5 groups: anthracycline alone, ifosfamide alone, doxorubicin plus ifosfamide (D+IFO), doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/vincristine/dacarbazine, and “other” (brostallicin, trabectedin). Response was assessed prospectively by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors or World Health Organization criteria. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were computed by Kaplan‐Meier method.

RESULTS

A total of 109 patients with IA‐LPS from 13 trials were identified (104 evaluable for response). Overall, there were 10/109 (9.2%) responders: 3/48 (6.3%) in the anthracycline alone group, 2/15 (13%) in the ifosfamide alone group, and 4/18 (22%) in the D+IFO group. At the 10‐month median follow‐up (interquartile range, 6‐24), the median OS was 19 months (95% CI, 15‐21) and median PFS 4 months (95% CI, 3‐6). D+IFO achieved a not statistically significant longer median PFS (12 months) and median OS (31 months) than observed with other regimens. Univariate/multivariate analysis did not identify prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONS

Cytotoxic chemotherapy, in particular anthracycline alone, had marginal activity in advanced IA‐LPS. Ifosfamide‐containing regimens showed higher activity, although it was not statistically significant and in a small number of cases, with the combination of doxorubicin and ifosfamide appearing to be the more active regimen available in fit patients. This series provides a benchmark for future trials on new drugs in WD/DD liposarcoma.;
Reduced All‐Cause Mortality With Bisphosphonates Among Post‐Fracture Osteoporosis Patients: A Nationwide Study and Systematic Review
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Hsuan , Li Chia‐Chun , Liang Fu‐Wen , Peng Zi‐Yang , Chang Yin‐Fan , Hsu Jason C. , Ou Huang‐Tz , Wu Chih‐Hsing
Published: May 2022

We assessed the survival outcomes associated with real‐world bisphosphonate use, stratified by fracture site, type, administration, and duration of treatment, among patients with osteoporosis. A systematic review that incorporates our findings was conducted to provide up‐to‐date evidence on survival outcomes with bisphosphonate treatment in real‐world settings. Patients diagnosed with osteoporosis who had been hospitalized for major fractures were identified from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database 2008–2017 and followed until 2018. There were 24,390 new bisphosphonate users who were classified and compared with 76,725 nonusers of anti‐osteoporosis medications in terms of survival outcomes using Cox model analysis. An inverse probability of treatment weighted Cox model and landmark analyses for minimizing immortal time bias were also performed. Bisphosphonate users vs. nonusers had a significantly lower mortality risk, regardless of fracture site (hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for patients with any major fracture, hip fracture, and vertebral fracture: 0.90 (0.88, 0.93), 0.83 (0.80, 0.86), and 0.86 (0.82, 0.89), respectively). Compared with nonuse, zoledronic acid (0.77 (0.73, 0.82)) was associated with the lowest mortality, followed by ibandronate (0.85 (0.78, 0.93)) and alendronate/risedronate (0.93 (0.91, 0.96)). Using bisphosphonates for ≥ 3 years had lower mortality (0.60 (0.53, 0.67)) than using bisphosphonates for < 3 years (0.98 (0.95, 1.01)). Intravenous bisphosphonates had a lower mortality than that of oral bisphosphonates. Our results are consistent with the systematic review findings among real‐world populations. In conclusion, bisphosphonate use, especially persistence to intravenous bisphosphonates (e.g., zoledronic acid), may reduce post‐fracture mortality among patients with osteoporosis, particularly those with hip/vertebral fractures. This supports the rational use of bisphosphonates in post‐fracture care.
Ivabradine in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lin Yu‐Sheng , Jan Jeng‐Yu , Chang Jung‐Jung , Lin Ming‐Shyan , Yang Teng‐Yao , Wang Po‐Chang , Chen Mien‐Cheng
Published: May 2022

Aims

Ivabradine is indicated for heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but limited data are available with regards to the use of ivabradine in those with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). To assess the effect of ivabradine in HFrEF patients with paroxysmal AF, we analysed heart failure (HF) hospitalization and mortality from multiple‐centre registry database.

Methods and results

We conducted a multicentre observational matched cohort study, and this study enrolled patient with symptomatic HFrEF from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018 who had a history of paroxysmal AF in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital medical database in Taiwan. A total of 2042 patients were eligible for the study, of whom 887 were prescribed with ivabradine and 1115 were not. The primary outcome, including HF hospitalization and cardiovascular death, and individual outcome during the 12 month observation period were analysed after inverse probability of treatment weighting. The ivabradine group had significantly lower mean heart rate after 12 months follow‐up than the non‐ivabradine group (P < 0.05). The primary outcome was significantly higher in the ivabradine group than the non‐ivabradine group after 12 months follow‐up (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–2.00, P < 0.001). Moreover, the ivabradine group had a significantly higher event rate of HF hospitalization (HR = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.40–1.75, P < 0.001) and HF death (HR = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.14–2.44, P = 0.009) than the non‐ivabradine group.

Conclusions

Ivabradine treatment was associated with an increased risk of HF hospitalization in symptomatic HFrEF patients with a history of paroxysmal AF. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted.
Experimental investigation on direct‐contact condensation of subatmospheric pressure steam in cocurrent flow packed tower
Authors: Chen Xiqing , Tian Zuoxu , Guo Feng , Yu Xufeng , Huang Qunwu
Published: May 2022

Exhaust steam condensation equipment is an important component in thermal power generation systems. Direct‐contact condensation offers high heat transfer efficiency, small flow resistance, simple structure, and less scaling; therefore, its application to exhaust steam condensation equipment is conducive to reducing equipment investment and operation costs. In this study, the direct‐contact condensation of subatmospheric pressure steam (exhaust steam) is investigated in a cocurrent flow packed tower. The effects of steam temperature, steam flow, cooling water temperature, and cooling water flow on the condensation rate, subcooling, number of liquid‐phase heat transfer units (NTUL), and total volume heat transfer coefficient (KV) are investigated. The results show that the direct‐contact condensation of exhaust steam can yield a high condensation rate, low subcooling, and good stability in the cocurrent flow packed tower. Lower steam temperature, higher steam flow, higher inlet‐water temperature, and lower water flow are conducive to the increase in NTUL. It is discovered that NTUL and KV can be expressed by dimensionless parameters of flow and temperature, and that the empirical correlations of NTUL and KV agree well with experimental data.