bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adipose tissue microvascular endothelial cells form a tight vascular barrier that selectively transcytoses fatty acid tracers
Authors: Schipper Ruby , Ioannidou Anna , Maestri Alice , Baganha Fabiana , Werngren Olivera , Olofsson Peder S. , Malin Stephen G. , Fisher Rachel M. , Hagberg Carolina E.
Published: March 2024

In organs with continuous, non-leaky capillaries like white adipose tissue and the heart, microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) serve as a vital barrier, facilitating nutrient delivery to underlying tissues. While capillary heterogeneity between organs is well established, how these vascular layers have adapted their key functions – such as fatty acid transport – to their respective organs remains unclear, largely due to the lack of organotypic endothelial model systems. Here we demonstrate that the vascular barrier in white adipose tissue, a crucial organ for whole-body fatty acid handling, exhibits comparable impermeability to that of heart and muscle. To investigate if the adipose endothelium possesses tissue-specific functions for facilitating fatty acid transport, we developed anin vitrodual tracing-system that allows simultaneous monitoring of barrier integrity and fatty acid transport dynamics by modifying the classic transwell culture. Using this system, we can show human adipose-derived primary ECs selectively transport fluorescent fatty acid tracers while excluding other tracers like dextrans, a phenomenon not observed in other cultured human ECs. Additionally, our findings reveal EC-type specific responses to various transcytosis inhibitors. Our results underscore the unique characteristics of the adipose endothelium and enhances our understanding of how microvascular permeability and transport dynamics have adapted to their specific organ physiology.
WRN exonuclease imparts high fidelity on translesion synthesis by Y family DNA polymerases
Authors: Yoon Jung-Hoon , Sellamuthu Karthi , Prakash Louise , Prakash Satya
Published: March 2024

Purified translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases (Pols) replicate through DNA lesions with a low fidelity; however, TLS operates in a predominantly error-free manner in normal human cells. To explain this incongruity, here we determine whether Y family Pols, which play an eminent role in replication through a diversity of DNA lesions, are incorporated into a multiprotein ensemble and whether the intrinsically high error rate of the TLS Pol is ameliorated by the components in the ensemble. To this end, we provide evidence for an indispensable role of Werner syndrome protein (WRN) and WRN-interacting protein 1 (WRNIP1) in Rev1-dependent TLS by Y family Polη, Polι, or Polκ and show that WRN, WRNIP1, and Rev1 assemble together with Y family Pols in response to DNA damage. Importantly, we identify a crucial role of WRN's 3′ → 5′ exonuclease activity in imparting high fidelity on TLS by Y family Pols in human cells, as the Y family Pols that accomplish TLS in an error-free manner manifest high mutagenicity in the absence of WRN's exonuclease function. Thus, by enforcing high fidelity on TLS Pols, TLS mechanisms have been adapted to safeguard against genome instability and tumorigenesis.
Sugar Detection in Mosquitoes via Anthrone Tests
Authors: Peach Daniel A.H.
Published: March 2024

Adult mosquitoes feed on plant sugar, frequently in the form of floral nectar. However, because of spatial and temporal variation in this behavior, as well as to the predilection of most mosquitoes to alter their behavior in the presence of a researcher, observing mosquito nectar feeding and similar behaviors directly in real time is not always feasible. In this protocol, I describe methods for hot and cold anthrone tests, which can be used to quantify the degree to which mosquito sugar feeding occurs in nature.
Mosquito Pollination and Sugar Detection Methods: An Overview
Authors: Peach Daniel A.H.
Published: March 2024

The interactions between mosquitoes and plants and, particularly, between mosquitoes and plant sugars from flowers and other structures are often overlooked and are vastly underresearched compared to mosquito–vertebrate or mosquito–pathogen interactions. Given the importance of mosquito nectar-feeding behavior, as well as its impact on vectorial capacity and its implications for vector suppression, a better understanding of mosquito–plant interactions is needed. Direct observation of mosquitoes visiting plants to obtain sugar and other nutrients can be difficult because females may leave flowers to seek a blood meal from the observer, but this can be overcome with the right experimental procedures. This article discusses methods for the detection of sugar in mosquitoes and for assessing mosquito pollination.
A comparative analysis of COVID-19 pandemic effects on students’ academic performance in higher education sector
Authors: Magatef Sima , Abuhussein Tala , Ashour Laila , Rehman Shafique Ur , Al-Okaily Manaf
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to focus on exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the students’ academic performance in Jordanian higher education during the outbreak of the pandemic, evaluating the e-learning education and evaluating online education in practical lessons during the pandemic according to the university type, educational level, academic year and different specializations or faculty.

Design/methodology/approach

This study provides quantitative and qualitative analysis on the students’ e-learning performance during the pandemic. It presents the analysis of online learning preference of 424 questionnaires and 85 structured interviews with the university’s students and examines whether there is significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their academic performance.

Findings

The findings of this study present evidence of students’ improvement in their academic performance and lend credence to the notion that organizational characteristics may play a role in the adaptation of emergency remote teaching. This was evident that more scientific-based faculties (engineering, pharmaceutical and medicine) faced more challenges during the pandemic, and it negatively influenced students’ performance. This was justifiable to the need for a more practical one-to-one interaction and integration.

Originality/value

The findings of this research present evidence of students’ improvement in their academic performance and lend credence to the notion that organizational characteristics may play a role in the adaptation of emergency remote teaching. This was evident that more scientific-based faculties (engineering, pharmaceutical and medicine) faced more challenges during the pandemic and it negatively influenced students’ performance. This was justifiable to the need for a more practical one-to-one interaction and integration.
Investigating links between teacher leadership, collective efficacy and teacher commitment in Egyptian schools: a mediated-effects analysis
Authors: Hammad Waheed , Polatcan Mahmut , Morad Hosam
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Research investigating the impact of school leadership on teachers’ emotions and practices has mostly focused on the leadership behaviors of school principals, thus ignoring the potential leadership qualities of other school members, especially teachers. The current study aimed to bridge this gap by providing further insight into the link between teacher leadership and teacher outcomes in Egyptian schools. Specifically, the study examined the mediating role of collective teacher efficacy in the relationship between teacher leadership and teacher commitment.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed structural equation modeling and bootstrapping to analyze survey data collected from 497 teachers in primary and middle schools in Damietta city, Egypt.

Findings

The results supported our proposition that teachers’ leadership practices have more indirect than direct effects on teacher commitment through collective teacher efficacy. That is, teacher leadership practices positively affect teachers’ efficacy beliefs, which, in turn, increase their sense of commitment to school.

Originality/value

The study adds a new aspect to the literature by investigating the potential role of teacher leadership in promoting positive teacher attitudes that can have a positive impact on student learning. This is significant given the growing emphasis that educational systems place on enhancing school effectiveness. Specifically, understanding the factors that contribute to teacher commitment can inform strategies for retaining effective teachers and improving the overall quality of the teaching workforce. Additionally, since most of the empirical research on teacher leadership has been produced in Western contexts, it is important to enrich the field with studies conducted in other societies, especially in the Arab region.
Development and validation of teachers’ e-readiness scale: a study on higher education institutions in India
Authors: Kohli Jasneet Kaur , Raj Rahul , Rawat Navneet , Gupta Ashulekha
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Due to the growing complexity involved in leveraging the endless possibilities of ICT on all levels, the technical competence of faculties of higher education institutions (HEI) and effective methods for fostering e-readiness has become questionable.

Design/methodology/approach

This research has developed and validated an empirically supported e-readiness scale, which can be used by HEIs to assess faculty members’ preparedness toward online teaching. The measurement model and the structural model were developed as the results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 245). The previously identified components and their indicators were validated using the structural models and the final scale was developed with five dimensions (“online technological readiness, pedagogical readiness, institutional readiness, learning and delivery readiness and content readiness”).

Findings

The faculties’ e-readiness assessment tool, as a useful tool, could aid institutions in identifying problems that affect the implementation of e-learning or digitalization in the institutions and developing strategies in response.

Research limitations/implications

Like any research this research also has some limitations and can be considered as future research probability like the responses for this research were collected from HEI in India; however, a cross-cultural study can be conducted to understand the parameters across the globe. Although the psychometric qualities of the e-readiness scale are acceptable, additional research in various higher educational environments, both nationally and internationally, is required to further establish the scale’s relevance, validation and generalizability.

Originality/value

Although many scales have been developed to assess the readiness level in the education sector, a scale, that holistically measures, the readiness level of faculties from an overall perspective was required. This scale can be used to recognize the e-readiness level of teachers in HEIs. This scale can also help the institutions assess the readiness level of their faculty members and address any improvements required in their teaching and learning pedagogy, further acknowledging training needs.
Spillover effects of microcredit on the GDP of surrounding cantons in Ecuador
Authors: Ordóñez Vizcaíno Carlos Fernando , Téllez Valle Cecilia , Giráldez Puig Pilar
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to analyse the spillover effects of microcredit on the economy of Ecuador, with a particular focus on its potential as a poverty alleviation mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach

To address our research questions, we take into account the distance between cantons (Ecuador’s own administrative distribution) by adopting a spatial autoregressive (SAR) model. To this end, a database will be constructed with macroeconomic information about the country, broken down by canton (administrative division of Ecuador), and in a 2019 cross section, with a total of 1,331 microcredit operations in all 221 of Ecuador’s cantons.

Findings

We find a positive effect of microcredit on these neighbouring regions in terms of wealth generation.

Research limitations/implications

We acknowledge that this study is limited to Ecuadorian cantons. Nonetheless, it is crucial to emphasize that focussing on an under-represented developing country like Ecuador adds significant value to the research.

Practical implications

Facilitating access to microcredit is one of the main solutions to address the goals proposed in the sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Social implications

Microcredit activity contributes to the creation of value and wealth in Ecuador, exerting a spillover effect in neighbouring areas that can generate positive multiplier effects and alleviate poverty. For all of the above reasons, our proposal for the country is to support and promote microcredit as one of the main solutions to address the goals proposed in the SDGs.

Originality/value

The novelty of this study lies in the use of spatial econometrics to observe the indirect effects of microcredit on the regions bordering the canton in which it was issued, thus examining the spatial effects of microcredit on wealth distribution.
A proposed digital transformation model for implementation by digital leaders
Authors: Razmak Jamil , Farhan Wejdan
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was threefold: to trace the extent to which digital transformation strategies are being implemented in organizations; to statistically measure, validate, predict and examine how digital leaders perceive a synthesized digital transformation model (DTM); and to explore whether leaders with different demographic characteristics perceive the DTM similarly.

Design/methodology/approach

The study authors surveyed 778 leaders/managers from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to assess the synthetized DTM consisting of four dimensions and nine perception constructs that represent how leaders manage employees in a digital environment. The survey questions were adapted from the 2014 Westerman leading digital book published in Harvard business press.

Findings

The general findings revealed that UAE organizations that were already in the digital transformation stage before COVID-19 reacted and responded extremely quickly to speed up the implementation of their respective digital transformation strategies. We concluded that our proposed and synthetized DTM is valid and predictable, and can be adapted to trace the stages of digital transformation by leaders. A positive relationship was found between the DTM’s four dimensions and their related constructs as perceived by the leaders, regardless of differences in their demographic characteristics.

Originality/value

The synthesized digital transformation model is unique in that the authors believe there is no other research that purports to synthesize, validate and correlate using the digital transformation campus dimensions and its related constructs, reflecting leaders' perceptions toward adopting this campus. As well, this is the first UAE study to explore and compare the perspectives of leaders on their digital practices after COVID-19 in a country that has an established IT infrastructure.
Occupations and occupational therapy practice with Chinese older adults living with life‐limiting illnesses in Singapore: A focus group study
Authors: Lim Geck Hoon , Yong Celine , Breen Lauren J. , Keesing Sharon , Buchanan Angus
Published: March 2024

Introduction

While Singapore is rapidly ageing and the need for palliative care services is projected to rise, there has been limited exploration of the occupations of Chinese older adults with life‐limiting conditions. This study is the third in a series of three studies aimed to address this issue. This study also sought to discuss future directions for occupational therapy practice with Chinese older adults living with life‐limiting illnesses in Singapore.

Method

The study adopted a qualitative exploratory design using focus groups. Participants were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling. Inclusion criteria were occupational therapists who had attained full registration status with the Allied Health Professionals Council in Singapore, had two or more years of practice as an occupational therapist, and had a current or recent palliative care caseload.

Findings

Three focus groups with 16 participants were conducted, and three themes were constructed from the data through reflexive thematic analysis. Reflections on culture and occupations is about the impact of a collectivist culture on occupations, such as tensions new caregivers experience between keeping clients safe and respecting clients' choices. It also highlights that there will always be individual differences within any cultural group. Challenges of occupational therapy practice in palliative care describe the need for therapists to be comfortable with rest and ethical tensions participants faced with billing for sessions that mainly involved time spent conversing with clients and when clients and caregivers' goals differed. Finally, Moving forward is about the importance of having mentors and the learning needs of occupational therapists in palliative care.

Conclusion

Occupational therapists experienced in providing services to palliative care clients in Singapore emphasised the collectivist nature of Singaporean Chinese families and contributed more information to its possible impact on occupations and occupational therapy practice and made suggestions for future practice.
Expanding the special education professional toolbox: A case study of a digitalised special education practice in Sweden
Authors: Holmgren Martin
Published: March 2024

Two educational trends that have had major impacts on school policies of the last few decades are inclusive education and digitalisation. To that end, the purpose of this study is to examine how inclusive education and the digitalisation of education are related, understood, and represented in one case of Swedish special education practice. Using activity theory as a theoretical framework, the results of this study suggest that the meaning of inclusive education has shifted, and that digitalisation has entailed both congruencies and contradictions in special education activities aiming for inclusive education. Although digitalisation was described as providing alternatives for inclusive school practices, new expectations and work assignments sometimes exceeded the special educators' professional knowledge.
Calcimimetics treatment strategy for serum calcium and phosphate management in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing dialysis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized studies
Authors: Nakai Kentaro , Kono Keiji , Yamada Shunsuke , Taniguchi Masatomo , Hamano Takayuki , Fukagawa Masafumi
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Several calcimimetics, other than cinacalcet, are commercially available; however, their effects on calcium and phosphate levels have not yet been fully studied. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the impact of calcimimetics on the management of serum calcium and phosphate levels in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing dialysis.

Methods

A systematic literature search through October 2023 and a meta‐analysis were conducted on the effects of upacicalcet, etelcalcetide, evocalcet, and cinacalcet on serum calcium and phosphate levels in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing dialysis; we searched PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and 21 studies comprising 6371 patients undergoing dialysis were included.

Results

Participants treated with calcimimetics had lower serum calcium and phosphate levels than placebo.

Conclusion

Calcimimetics significantly reduced serum calcium and phosphate levels compared to placebo in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing dialysis, independent of therapeutic strategy or concomitant vitamin D treatment.
Timing and causes of death to 1 year among children presenting to emergency departments
Authors: Ames Stefanie G. , Salvi Apoorva , Lin Amber , Malveau Susan , Mann N. Clay , Jenkins Peter C. , Hansen Matthew , Papa Linda , Schmitz Sabrina , Sabogal Cesar , Newgard Craig D. ,   for the Pediatric Readiness Study Group
Published: March 2024

Background and objectives

A better characterization of deaths in children following emergency care is needed to inform timely interventions. This study aimed to describe the timing, location, and causes of death to 1 year among a cohort of injured and medically ill children.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children <18 years requiring emergency care in six states from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2017, with follow‐up through December 31, 2018, for patients who were not discharged from the emergency department (ED). In this cohort, 1‐year mortality, time to death within 1 year, and causes of death were assessed from ED, inpatient, and vital status records.

Results

There were 546,044 children during the 6‐year period. The 1‐year mortality rate was 2.2% (n = 1356) for injured children and 1.4% (n = 6687) for medically ill children. Matched death certificates were available for 861 (63.5%) of 1356 deaths in the injury cohort and for 4712 (70.5%) of 6687 deaths in the medical cohort. Among deaths in the injury cohort, 1274 (94.0%) occurred in the ED or hospital. The most common causes of death were motor vehicle collisions, firearm injuries, and pedestrian injuries. Among the 6687 deaths in the medical cohort, 5081 (76.0%) children died in the ED or hospital (primarily in the ED) and 1606 (24.0%) occurred after hospital discharge. The most common causes of death were sudden infant death syndrome, suffocation and drowning, and congenital conditions.

Conclusions

The 1‐year mortality of children presenting to an ED is 2.2% for injured children and 1.4% for medically ill children with most deaths occurring in the ED. Future interventional trials, quality improvement efforts, and health policy focused in the ED could have the potential to improve outcomes of pediatric patients.
Identification of polymorphic markers for germplasm conservation of three precious Chinese palace goldfish using whole‐genome sequencing
Authors: Huang Yuwei , Cao Aiying , Zhang Beiyuan , Li Sen , He Chuan , Gao Jian , Cao Xiaojuan
Published: March 2024

China was the first country in the world to breed goldfish and has generated many unique goldfish varieties, including the most aristocratic Chinese palace goldfish. Due to the lack of scientific research on Chinese palace goldfish, their selection and breeding are mainly carried out through traditional hybridization, leading to serious inbreeding and the degradation of germplasm resources. To this end, whole‐genome resequencing was performed to understand the genetic variation among three different varieties (eggpompons, goosehead, and tigerhead) from nine core conserved populations in China. A total of 15 polymorphic SSRs were developed for population genetics, and all tested populations were considered moderately polymorphic with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.4943. Genetic diversity in different varieties showed that all conserved populations were well protected with the potential for continued exploitation. This study provides reliable molecular tools and a basis for designing conservation and management programs in Chinese palace goldfish.
Skeletal muscle mass increases after viral eradication with direct‐acting antivirals in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A longitudinal study
Authors: Coelho Marta Paula Pereira , de Vries Thais Pontello , Pires Aline Marcos , Parreira Milena Pereira , de Alvarenga Érika Ramos , Cambraia Rodrigo Dias , dos Santos Rodrigo Ribeiro , Bezerra Juliana Maria Trindade , Colosimo Enrico Antonio , Rocha Gifone Aguiar , Silva Luciana Diniz
Published: March 2024

Background

Results of studies evaluating the effect of viral eradication following direct‐acting antiviral (DDA) therapy on skeletal muscle mass of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are scarce.

Aim

To assess the components of sarcopenia (low muscle mass, low muscle strength and low physical performance) in a cohort of CHC individuals before and after DAA therapy.

Methods

We performed a longitudinal study of patients with CHC who underwent body composition assessment before (T0), and at 12 (T1) and 48 (T2) weeks after DDA therapy. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis was used to assess skeletal mass muscle (SM) and phase angle (PhA). SM index (SMI) was calculated by dividing the SM by squared height. Muscle function was evaluated by hand grip strength (HGS) and timed up‐and‐go (TUG) test. Mixed‐effects linear regression models were fitted to SMI, HGS and physical performance and were used to test the effect of HCV eradication by DAA.

Results

62 outpatients (mean age, 58.6 ± 10.8 years; 58% with compensated cirrhosis) were included. Significant decreases in liver fibrosis markers and an increase of 0.20 and 0.22 kg/m2 in the SMI were observed at T1 and T2. Following DAA therapy, an increase of one unit of PhA was associated with a reduction of 0.38 min in TUG.

Conclusion

HCV eradication with DAA therapy was associated with a dynamic reduction of non‐invasive markers of liver fibrosis and increased muscle mass in 62 patients with CHC who had an undetectable HCV load at 12 weeks after completion of antiviral treatment.
Small‐molecule inhibitor HI‐TOPK‐032 improves NK‐92MI cell infiltration into ovarian tumours
Authors: Deng Mengqi , Yang Ruiye , Sun Qi , Zhang Jiamin , Miao Jinwei
Published: March 2024

The effectiveness of natural killer (NK) cells transferred adoptively in combating solid tumours is limited by challenges such as their difficulty in penetrating tumours from the bloodstream and maintaining viability without the support of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). Genetically modified NK‐92MI cells, which can release IL‐2 to sustain their viability, have been identified as a promising alternative. This adaptation addresses the negative consequences of systemic IL‐2 administration. The role of PSD‐95/discs large/ZO‐1 (PDZ)‐binding kinase (PBK) in cancer development is recognized, but its effects on immunity are not fully understood. This study explores how PBK expression influences the ability of NK‐92MI cells to infiltrate ovarian tumours. Elevated levels of PBK expression have been found in various cancers, including ovarian cancer (OV), with analyses showing higher PBK mRNA levels in tumour tissues compared to normal ones. Immunohistochemistry has confirmed increased PBK expression in OV tissues. Investigations into PBK's role in immune regulation reveal its association with immune cell infiltration, indicating a potentially compromised immune environment in OV with high PBK expression. The small‐molecule inhibitor HI‐TOPK‐032, which inhibits PBK, enhances the cytotoxicity of NK‐92MI cells toward OV cells. It increases the production of interferon‐γ and tumour necrosis factor‐α, reduces apoptosis and encourages cell proliferation. Mechanistic studies showed that contact with OV cells treated with HI‐TOPK‐032 upregulates CD107a on NK‐92 cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that HI‐TOPK‐032 improves the antitumour effects of NK‐92MI cells in OVCAR3Luc xenografts, extending survival without significant side effects. Safety assessments in mice confirm HI‐TOPK‐032's favourable safety profile, highlighting its potential as a viable antitumour therapy. These results suggest that combining NK‐92MI cells with HI‐TOPK‐032 enhances antitumour effectiveness against OV, indicating a promising, safe and effective treatment strategy that warrants further clinical investigation.
Exploring the relationship between personality traits and locus of control in early adolescence. Does gender play a role?
Authors: Filipiak Sara , Łubianka Beata
Published: March 2024

The main aim of this study was to analyse associations between the five‐factor model personality traits and locus of control of successes and failures based on the theory of social learning and to assess whether gender moderated relationships between these variables in Polish early adolescents. The following instruments were used: the Picture Based Personality Survey for Children and the Locus of Control Questionnaire. A total of 1016 students participated in the study, including 49% boys and 51% girls. Both for girls and boys, the highest correlations were found between conscientiousness and locus of control in success situations. Neuroticism correlated negatively with the two types of locus of control. A moderating effect of gender was observed between openness to experience and locus of control of successes, and it was stronger in girls than in boys.
Bark and ambrosia beetles on native and transplanted dead wood along an altitudinal tropical forest gradient
Authors: Weiss Matthias , Zimová Kateřina , Mogia Martin , Novotny Vojtech
Published: March 2024

Global warming is expected to shift the distribution ranges of many species towards higher latitudes and altitudes. This will rewire plant‐herbivore food webs as new combinations of herbivore species encounter novel host plants. We investigated the effects of a simulated altitudinal shift in an herbivore‐host community of bark and ambrosia beetles on fig trees in a tropical mountain forest on Mt. Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea. We reared beetles from wood baits cut from five local Ficus species in their natural altitudinal ranges, between 200 and 1700 m a. s. l. Further, we transplanted baits from three of these tree species 500 m below the limits of their natural distribution range, to simulate a mean temperature increase of 2.7°C. Beetle species richness declined, and their species composition changed with increasing elevation. Furthermore, while altitude explained a large proportion of variance in beetle composition, host tree species was more important for bark beetles than ambrosia beetles. Beetle communities that assembled on the transplanted baits were similar in diversity and host specificity to those on the fig trees native to the same elevation, but also contained a number of unique species. Overall, these results indicate that saproxylic beetles in this tropical forest are highly resilient and flexible to the potential effects of climate change.

Abstract in Česky is available with online material.
Multivariate analysis of the effect of keratinized mucosa on peri‐implant tissues with platform switching: A retrospective study
Authors: Suzuki Azusa , Nakano Tamaki , Inoue Masaki , Isigaki Shoichi
Published: March 2024

Background

In recent years, platform switching implant treatment has been increasing, which is believed to minimize bone loss around the implant after placement. However, there have been no reports on the relationship between keratinized mucosa width (KMW) and bone loss and soft tissue recession in platform switching implants.

Objective

We evaluated the effect of the KMW on the amount of bone loss and soft tissue recession around a platform switching implant retrospectively using multivariate analysis.

Materials and Methods

This one‐year retrospective study included 91 implants in 48 patients. Age, sex, a history of periodontitis, implant location, oral hygiene status, and the KMW were included as explanatory variables to evaluate bone loss (BL) and buccal gingival height (GH). Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to evaluate the effect of the KMW on platform switching peri‐implant tissues.

Results

The mean bone loss on the mesial (ΔBLm), distal (ΔBLd), and buccal (ΔBLb) sides of the implant were 0.16 ± 0.27 mm, 0.19 ± 0.34 mm, and 0.24 ± 0.50 mm, respectively, at 1 year after superstructure placement. The mean amount of change of GH (ΔGH) on the buccal side was 0.30 ± 0.47 mm. After correcting for confounders using GEEs, the results suggested that KMW <1.5 mm was a significant factor (P < 0.001) for bone loss over time in ΔBLm, ΔBLd, and ΔBLb. In addition, for soft tissues on the buccal side, KMW <1.5 mm was a significant factor for ΔGH reduction over time (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Keratinized mucosa width ≥1.5 mm was associated with a higher probability less hard and soft tissue recession around the platform switching implant after 1 year from superstructure placement.
Interaction between regional temperature and shade level shapes saproxylic beetle communities
Authors: Goßmann Anika , Öckinger Erik , Schroeder Martin , Lindman Ly , Ranius Thomas
Published: March 2024

Aim

The ‘concept of relative constancy of habitats’ assumes that species differ in their habitat preferences depending on the regional temperature so that all populations experience similar microclimatic conditions. Our aim was to assess the relevance of this concept by disentangling the effects of shade level and regional temperature on southern and northern distributed saproxylic (=dead wood dependent) beetle species.

Location

Sweden.

Methods

We established a field experiment by placing 435 logs of Norway spruce (Picea abies) along shade gradients in six regions differing in regional temperature (along a 1200 km latitudinal gradient). For each log, we sampled the saproxylic beetle community and calculated the Community Temperature Index (CTI), indicating to what extent the community is dominated by southern or northern species.

Results

Species richness and total abundance were better explained by shade level, whereas species composition was better explained by study region. In colder regions, CTI varied along the shade gradient, whereas in warmer regions, CTI was more similar along the shade gradient. Moreover, in colder regions, the number of southern species was higher in sun‐exposed logs, whereas in warmer regions, the number of southern species was higher in shaded logs. This supports the concept of relative constancy of habitats. In contrast, northern species preferred shaded conditions regardless of the regional temperature.

Main Conclusions

Regional temperature, shade level and resulting microclimate are important drivers of species richness, total abundance and composition. Occurrence patterns of saproxylic beetle species follow to some extent the concept of relative constancy of habitats since their habitat preferences vary with regional temperature. Northern species are of conservation concern due to disadvantages by climate warming and clear‐cutting. They are favoured by preserving forests with rarely disturbed canopies.
Comparative transcriptomic characterization of the ovary in the spawning process of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain
Authors: Tu Shisheng , Yu Guohong , Ge Fuqiang , Xu Rui , Jin Zhongwen , Xie Xi , Zhu Dongfa
Published: March 2024

Oviposition is induced upon mating in most insects. Spawning is a physiological process that is fundamental for the reproduction of Scylla paramamosain. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the spawning process in this species are poorly understood. Herein, comprehensive ovary transcriptomic analysis was conducted at the germinal vesicle breakdown stage (GVBD), spawning stage, 0.5 h post‐spawning stage, and 24 h post‐spawning stage of S. paramamosain for gene discovery. A total of 67,230 unigenes were generated, and 27,975 (41.61%) unigenes were annotated. Meanwhile, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the different groups were identified, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was subsequently conducted. These results suggested that octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) could induce oviposition, while dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine [5‐HT]) inhibit oviposition. The 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) and methyl farnesoate (MF) signal pathways might be positively associated with oviposition. Furthermore, numerous transcripts that encode neuropeptides and their G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as CNMamide, RYamide, ecdysis‐triggering hormone (ETH), GPA2/GPB5 receptor, and Moody receptor, appear to be differentially expressed during the spawning process. Eleven unigenes were selected for qRT‐PCR and the pattern was found to be consistent with the transcriptome expression pattern. Our work is the first spawning‐related investigation of S. paramamosain focusing on the ovary at the whole transcriptome level. These findings assist in improving our understanding of spawning regulation in S. paramamosain and provide information for oviposition studies in other crustaceans.
The association between body mass index and health‐related quality of life in the 2017 and 2018 health survey of England data: A cross‐sectional observational analysis
Authors: Luah Xiao Wen , Holst‐Hansen Thomas , Lübker Christopher
Published: March 2024

Aim

To provide an updated estimate of the association between body mass index (BMI) and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) among the general population in England and to identify population subgroups with the highest potential utility gains from obesity interventions.

Materials and Methods

The sample included 12 158 adults with valid HRQoL and BMI data from the 2017 and 2018 Health Survey for England. Robust standard error linear regression, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle behaviours and obesity‐related comorbidities, was used for the baseline analysis. Robustness checks assessed the impact of (a) estimator selection; (b) model specifications; (c) statistical outliers at high BMI; (d) potential BMI measurement error; and (e) data pooling.

Results

The study found a significant association between HRQoL and BMI, which exhibited an inverted U‐shaped relationship. The mean HRQoL peaked at 25.7 kg/m2 in men and 22.6 kg/m2 in women and was reduced in the underweight, overweight and obesity BMI ranges. Sensitivity analyses reported similar coefficients, suggesting a robust model specification.

Conclusions

Reduced HRQoL beyond optimal BMI underlines the importance of maintaining a normal BMI range for overall health. The rising prevalence of class III obesity is a major public health concern given its disproportionate impact on health, health care utilization and costs. Obesity management is key to preventing the reduction in HRQoL associated with obesity‐related comorbidities, and this analysis supports the development of targeted policies and population health initiatives for people with class III obesity.
Perceived changes in transformational leadership: The role of motivation and perceived skills in educational leadership training under an EU‐China cooperation project
Authors: Cheng Zhao , Zhu Chang , Dinh Ngoc Bich Khuyen
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the relationship among motivation for joining an educational leadership training programme (MOT), perceived skills (PS), and perceived changes in transformational leadership (PCTFL) in educational leadership training. The study drew on survey data from 761 participants who were associated with a leadership development programme under an EU‐China cooperation project. The conceptual model was tested by structural equation modelling (SEM) by the Mplus programme. MOT and PCTFL were measured, respectively, by second‐order factor structure assessments due to their multi‐dimensional nature. The findings of the study suggest that motivation positively influences perceived changes in transformational leadership, and this relationship is positively mediated by perceived skills as learning gains in educational leadership training. The study provides novel empirical evidence on motivation that leads to transformational leadership changes in leadership training programmes. Policymakers and other key stakeholders can use these findings to gain a deeper understanding of the success of projects and encourage academic members to participate in leadership training programmes to improve transformational leadership.
Unlocking the potential of research‐informed practice: Insights into benefits, challenges, and significance among teachers in Catalonia, Poland, and England
Authors: Ion Georgeta , Kowalczuk‐Walędziak Marta , Brown Chris
Published: March 2024

This survey‐based study delves into the intricate interplay of research utilisation in the pedagogical approaches of a sample of 534 teachers across Catalonia (Spain), Poland, and England. Applying Baudrillard's Theory of Consumption lenses, we present novel insights into the multifaceted aspects of research use, including its benefits, costs, and significance within the teaching profession. Our findings underscore the interdependencies among the perceived benefits, costs, and significance of research utilisation, bolstered by factor analysis. Specifically, our results indicate that teachers regard research as a means to enhance their understanding of educational theories, providing valuable insights to inform their teaching practices. Moreover, research empowers teachers to challenge entrenched conceptions and adopt innovative pedagogical strategies. In addition, the significance of research use is associated with its alignment with school priorities and integration into the decision‐making processes. Furthermore, teachers identified various obstacles to research use, including issues of research literacy, support mechanisms, and the accessibility of research resources. The study sheds additional insight into the dynamics of research utilisation among teachers operating within diverse national contexts. It underscores the intricate relationships between individual and organisational factors that shape and influence teaching practices.
Energizing a literature review to boldly go where no one has gone before
Authors: Craighead Christopher W. , Ketchen David J.
Published: March 2024

Taking stock of a research stream through a literature review can provide tremendous value. Whether this potential is fully realized depends on the degree to which the review energizes a research stream by setting a course toward exploration of compelling and exciting research questions. The purpose of this editorial is twofold. First, we describe four key tactics that scholars can use to create an energizing literature review: (1) launching research ideas from the conceptual platform built by the review; (2) ripping cutting‐edge research ideas from news and industry headlines; (3) unveiling a portfolio of theoretical opportunities; and (4) constructing an accessible research agenda. Second, we introduce the five literature reviews contained in this special topic forum with particular attention to their energizing features.
Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator lead failure and revision following transcutaneous bicaval valve (TricValve®) implantation
Authors: Plant Allan , Stewart Fergus , Hooks Darren
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Tricuspid regurgitation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and occurs at a higher rate in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Percutaneous strategies for managing tricuspid regurgitation are evolving, including the development of bicaval valve implantation which has been successfully used in patients with pacing leads.

Methods and Results

We present the first documented case of lead failure following TricValve® implantation, a dedicated self‐expanding system for bicaval valve implantation, and the first successful lead revision procedure in this setting.

Conclusion

The case illustrates important considerations in undertaking percutaneous intervention in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, and their ongoing management.
Fluorescence intensity of composite resin for direct veneer removal using a fluorescence‐aided identification technique
Authors: Zeine Giovana Maria , Omoto Érika Mayumi , Ramos Fernanda de Souza e Silva , Briso André Luiz Fraga , dos Santos Paulo Henrique , Fagundes Ticiane Cestari
Published: March 2024

Objectives

This laboratory study evaluated the influence of the fluorescence intensity of composite resins on additional tooth wear and the presence of restorative material in different dental thirds during the retreatment of direct veneers.

Materials and Methods

The crown dimensions of 60 bovine incisors were reduced to 10 × 8 mm. The teeth were classified according to the fluorescence intensity of the composites: low (LOW) (TPH Spectra), medium (MED) (Opallis), and high (HIGH) (Essentia) groups. The teeth were divided according to the removal methods: conventional (CON) and fluorescence‐aided identification technique (FIT). The specimens were scanned (T0), received veneer preparation, and scanned again (T1). After restorations, the composites were removed and the teeth were scanned (T2). Measurement assessments between T1 and T2 were performed to determine additional wear, presence of residual areas, and the average between additional wear and the presence of residual areas. Kruskal Wallis, Mann–Whitney, Friedman, 2‐way ANOVA, and post‐Tukey tests were performed (α < 0.05).

Results

The comparison of composite resins indicated a smaller area of additional wear and greater residue presence in the HIGH group than the LOW group for both techniques in the cervical third. Regarding removal methods, the FIT produced greater additional wear than the CON method for the LOW and MED groups in the middle and cervical thirds. The incisal third exhibited greater additional wear than the other thirds.

Conclusions

Composite resins with high fluorescence intensity removed using FIT had less tooth wear. The incisal third was the most affected area for direct veneer removal procedures.

Clinical Significance

A FIT has been proposed for composite resin removal; however, the different fluorescence intensities of composite resins can influence tooth wear caused during this procedure.
Publication trends of the Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Rocha Aurélio de Oliveira , dos Anjos Lucas Menezes , Lima Thaine Oliveira , Miranda Natalia de Oliveira , Magini Ricardo de Souza , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Henriques Bruno , Cardoso Mariane
Published: March 2024

Objective

The Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry (JERD) stands out as one of the most prominent international journals publishing research in esthetic dentistry. This study analyzed articles published by JERD since the year 2000 through bibliometric analysis.

Methodology

The search was conducted in January 2024 using Scopus. The following data were extracted from the articles: citation count, year, language, access type, funding agency, study design, theme (general and specific), country, institution, authors, and keywords. The VOSviewer software was used to generate collaborative network maps among the data. Dimensions were consulted to measure altmetric data. Google Trends was used to investigate the global popularity of JERD research.

Results

A total of 1394 articles were included in this analysis. Citation count ranged from 0 to 625 (average: 16.9). Articles were published between 2000 and 2023. Laboratory studies were more prevalent (n = 850), with the most investigated general theme being restorative procedures (n = 882), and the highlighted specific theme being the use of composite resin (n = 327). The United States had the highest number of articles (n = 640), with the diverse distribution among other countries. The most common keyword was “cad/cam” (n = 63). VOSviewer demonstrated high collaboration among countries. Intense mentions were identified primarily on Facebook. According to Google Trends, Egypt was the country that searched for JERD the most.

Conclusions

JERD exhibited significant growth in the number of published articles and their diversity by topics, types, origin (country), number of citations, and impact factor.

Clinical Significance

The JERD is a journal that publishes studies influencing clinical practice. Identifying the key characteristics of this journal is essential for charting future paths.