bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’apport des monnaies sociales à la microfinance : le cas des banques communautaires de développement brésiliennes
Authors: Dissaux Tristan , Meyer Camille
Published: February 2017

La microfinance a acquis, depuis sa large diffusion au milieu des années 1990, une place importante dans les stratégies de réduction de la pauvreté. La dernière décennie a néanmoins vu la portée de sa principale technique financière, le microcrédit, relativisée voire remise en cause. Celui-ci souffrirait en effet d’un certain nombre de limites et, dans certains cas, pourrait même être dommageable à ceux qui sont censés en bénéficier. Après un état des lieux de la microfinance au Brésil et avoir rappelé les limites de l’outil microcrédit, nous nous intéresserons à une adaptation particulière du modèle microfinancier, celle mise en œuvre par les banques communautaires de développement brésiliennes, dont on en compte aujourd’hui plus d’une centaine sur l’ensemble du territoire. Une des principales innovations de ces organisations de la société civile est de coupler le microcrédit à l’émission d’une monnaie sociale, dont l’usage – en complément du réal brésilien – est circonscrit au territoire local. Nous verrons ce qu’apportent ces monnaies et dans quelle mesure elles viennent répondre à certaines des limites du microcrédit, à travers l’exemple de la Banque Palmas, fondatrice de ce modèle de finance solidaire. Non seulement outils économiques mais surtout constructions sociales, ces monnaies participent à un développement endogène et peuvent être le vecteur d’une coconstruction des politiques de réduction de la pauvreté. Classification JEL : E42, G23, O16, O54.
Adaptation transculturelle et tests psychométriques d’outils de mesure de l’efficacité personnelle et de l’adhésion thérapeutique pour une population d’adolescents diabétiques de type 1 français
Authors: Colson Sébastien , Côté José , Collombier Madeleine , Debout Christophe , Bonnel Galadriel , Reynaud Rachel , Lagouanelle-Simeoni Marie-Claude
Published: February 2017

Introduction : de nombreux programmes éducatifs structurés, utilisant le concept de sentiment d’efficacité personnelle, ont fait l’objet de recherches dans les pays anglophones. Contexte : des outils ont été développés en anglais pour évaluer ce concept, ainsi que l’adhésion thérapeutique. Cependant, il ne semble pas exister de version française de ces outils pour des recherches dans les milieux francophones selon la littérature scientifique. Objectif : procéder à l’adaptation en version française et tester les propriétés psychométriques du Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Self-Management (SEDM) et du Diabetes Self-Management Profile (DSMP). Méthode : une adaptation transculturelle du SEDM et du DSMP en version française a été réalisée. Les propriétés psychométriques ont été testées dans une étude pilote qui s’est déroulée entre le 1 er janvier et le 31 décembre 2015. Résultats : le coefficient alpha de Cronbach du SEDM version française était de 0.84, le test-retest de 0.80 et la sensibilité au changement était modérée. Le coefficient alpha de Cronbach et la sensibilité au changement du DSMP version française étaient faibles, le test-retest s’élevait à 0,71. Discussion et conclusions : les premiers résultats des propriétés psychométriques du SEDM en français étaient plutôt encourageants. L’utilisation de la version française du DSMP semble compromise au regard des propriétés psychométriques et de l’avis des participants.
La pratique fondée sur des preuves chez les infirmières de centres hospitaliers universitaires en Suisse romande : étude descriptive et corrélationnelle
Authors: Gentizon Jenny , Borrero Patricia , Vincent-Suter Sonja , Ballabeni Pierluigi , Morin Diane , Eicher Manuela
Published: February 2017

Introduction : la pratique basée sur les preuves (EBP) est peu appliquée en soins infirmiers et s’inscrit comme défi contemporain incontournable pour la discipline. Méthode et objectif : cette étude descriptive et corrélationnelle a été effectuée auprès de 221 infirmières issues de trois unités de centres hospitaliers universitaires en Suisse romande. L’étude visait à décrire leur niveau de connaissances et d’implémentation de l’EBP. Résultats : sur les 221 infirmières interrogées, 67 connaissaient l’EBP (30 %). Celles-ci ont des croyances et attitudes favorables envers l’EBP, mais indiquent manquer de compétences pour pouvoir l’implémenter. Comparées aux infirmières de médecine et gériatrie, les ISC ont une connaissance significativement plus élevée à l’égard de l’EBP et son implémentation. Les résultats indiquent d’ailleurs que des croyances favorables sont prédictives d’une meilleure implémentation de l’EBP dans la pratique. Discussion et conclusion : tel que l’ont démontré d’autres recherches, les résultats de la présente étude montrent que les connaissances de l’EBP sont peu répandues et que l’implémentation de l’EBP reste un défi même en milieu hospitalier universitaire. De futures recherches pourraient inclure des stratégies d’implémentation de l’EBP qui visent à surmonter les obstacles identifiés.
Les soins infirmiers : perspectives et prospectives
Authors: Lecordier Didier , Jovic Ljiljana
Published: February 2017

Dans la continuité de ses travaux et du séminaire sur l’enseignement des sciences infirmières de 2014, l’Association de recherche en soins infirmiers (Arsi) a organisé les 3 et 4 juin 2016 à Nantes, un séminaire intitulé : « Les soins infirmiers : perspectives et prospectives ». Plus d’une cinquantaine de participants venant de l’espace francophone et représentant divers secteurs d’exercice : clinique, enseignement, gestionmanagement, recherche et étudiants se sont réunis pour débattre et produire des repères permettant de soutenir le développement des sciences infirmières en France et de dessiner des orientations futures d’exercice clinique et de formation. Les séances successives ont permis de poser les termes de la problématique des soins, des savoirs infirmiers aujourd’hui et des éléments méthodologiques relatifs à la prospective, de réfléchir et confronter les opinions, de faire des propositions. Au terme de ce séminaire très créatif, de nouvelles pistes de réflexion ont émergé, décalant notre regard habituel sur la profession d’infirmière. Des orientations de formation et de modes d’exercice se sont précisées avec des enjeux différents selon le niveau de la formation et de l’engagement professionnel. Les liens forts entre discipline professionnelle, scientifique et académique se sont aussi précisés montrant toute l’importance de tenir à la fois une exigence théorique et scientifique élevée, une pratique clinique rigoureuse, un engagement professionnel important et un leadership efficace.
L’acceptabilité de l’intervention Revie ⊕ : perception et vécu des infirmières
Authors: Da Rocha Rodrigues Maria Goreti , Colin Sophie , Shaha Maya , Pautex Sophie
Published: February 2017

Lors de la confrontation à un cancer avancé, les patients peuvent éprouver un niveau élevé de détresse existentielle. Des pensées et des préoccupations autour de la mort peuvent surgir ; accompagnées de sentiments de perte de sens ou de découragement. Il est important de développer des interventions qui visent à soulager la détresse existentielle afin de promouvoir la dignité des personnes avec un cancer avancé. Dans le cadre d’une étude de faisabilité, une intervention intitulée Revie ⊕ a été développée et réalisée auprès de 41 patients avec un cancer avancé dans un secteur ambulatoire et un secteur hospitalier d’un hôpital universitaire suisse. Le but de cet article est de présenter les résultats liés à l’acceptabilité de l’intervention pour les infirmières à travers un questionnaire, le suivi de notes personnelles et l’animation d’un focus groupe. Des statistiques descriptives sont utilisées pour l’analyse du questionnaire. Une analyse thématique a été effectuée pour le suivi des notes des infirmières et le focus groupe. Le croisement des résultats met en évidence que les infirmières perçoivent un effet bénéfique des interventions Revie ⊕ autant pour les patients que pour leur posture professionnelle et souhaitent son implantation dans la pratique. Des recommandations sont proposées pour favoriser l’implémentation.
Valores humanos y voluntariado: Un estudio en personas mayores
Authors: Ariza-Montes Antonio , Tirado-Valencia Pilar , Fernández-Rodríguez Vicente
Published: February 2017

Purpose: This research goes in depth in the human values profile that influences elderly to volunteer. In exploring possible relationships between values and volunteering, we adopt the analysis perspective of the Theory of Basic Human Values framework developed by Schwartz (1992).Design/methodology/approach: Based on an initial exploratory analysis, the study presents a logistic regression model that shows the extent to which an individual’s personal values explain his/her volunteer behaviour on elderly people.Findings: The results confirm that a retiree’s engagement or lack of engagement in volunteer activities may be satisfactorily explained by the set of human values. The results show that retired volunteers experience a stronger sense of self-transcendence and predisposition towards change, and higher aversion to self-enhancement and conservation.Practical implications: To increase the commitment and motivation of retired elder volunteers and to thus firmly confront challenges that threaten the non-profit sector, human resource professionals of non-profit organizations must ensure consistency between individual values and the nature of activities that volunteers perform, increasing such way those people’s commitment.Originality/value: Despite the abundant studies that have related volunteering by elders to physical and socio-emotional wellbeing and to seniors’ motivations while performing volunteer work, fewer studies have focused on personal values that prompt such individuals to participate in altruistic efforts.
Relationships between the dimensions of organizational justice and students' satisfaction in university contexts
Authors: Castillo Cristian , Fernandez Vicenc
Published: February 2017

Purpose: Identify the relationships between the organizational justice dimensions and the students’ satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach: It has embraced a quantitative methodological approach, where we chose the individual questionnaire as a tool of data collection.Findings: We found a positive relationship between satisfaction of university students and the distributive justice, informational justice and personal justice. However, this relationship not exists with overall procedural justice. Also, we identified a relationship between the procedural justice and interactional justice (personal and informational justice) in university contexts.Research limitations/implications: The sample of this study is from a small number of Spanish universities, therefore, the conclusions must be generalized with caution. Practical implications: We established foundations between the perceived justice of university students and their satisfaction, stating early relationships for expansion in future research. With them, the lecturers and the chancellor could manage the course taking into account aspects that it could harm the satisfaction of their students. So, they could look for other alternatives.Originality/value: We introduced the organizational justice context in the university context and we related it with the satisfaction of university students. So, it stimulates discussion and reflection about the experience of the higher education students and give the foundations to understand how some lecturers and professors’ decisions and actions affect the students’ satisfaction.
Postconcussion Syndrome: Neuropsychological Evaluation and Management
Authors: Goeke John M.
Published: February 2017

It has estimated that between 10% and 50% of people suffering a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) do not recover as expected. They often exhibit physical, cognitive, and psychological sequelae that seem out of proportion to the severity of the initial injury, and symptoms may persist for 1 year or more postinjury. People exhibiting this symptom pattern after mTBI often meet criteria for a diagnosis of postconcussion syndrome (PCS). Management of patients with PCS poses many potential challenges for the clinician. There is no clearly established treatment algorithm for PCS, and symptoms are highly variable in individual patients. In many cases, confounding social issues such as litigation or workers' compensation involvement are present. These issues further cloud the clinical picture and may have an impact on patient treatment response. Neuropsychological approaches to the evaluation and management of this complex patient population are commonly used conjointly with medical modalities. This article reviews common issues and controversies in PCS from the perspective of the assessment and management of cognitive and psychological symptoms.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2017;47(2):92–96.]
Final Remarks for the Investigation in Ontology in IS and Possible Future Directions
Authors: Sawsaa Ahlam F. , Lu Joan
Published: February 2017

This study is concluded in this chapter. The research problem and questions derived from it are answered. In addition, the achievements and the limitations of this study are discussed. The research started with identifying the problem. To achieve these objectives, the OIS was designed and developed. Feedback and evaluation from the domain's experts has led to constant improvement in the ontology's development. The current version of the OIS ontology is presented in this research. At the end of this chapter, possible research leads for the future are suggested. The study aimed at the creation of OIS ontology of Information Science domain to visualise its knowledge, in order to be integrated with other ontologies to be applied for a specific application. The resulting ontology covers three main areas of domain knowledge: library science, archival science and computing science. The vocabularies of these branches are formalised in class hierarchy with relations which are interconnecting concepts from all these areas, in order to define a sufficient model of the Information Science domain.
Quality of Experience (QoE) for Wireless Video Over Critical Communication Systems
Authors: Danish Emad , Alshamrani Mazin I.
Published: February 2017

Video streaming is expected to acquire a massive share of the global internet traffic in the near future. Meanwhile, it is expected that most of the global traffic will be carried over wireless networks. This trend translates into considerable challenges for Service Providers (SP) in terms of maintaining consumers' Quality of Experience (QoE), energy consumption, utilisation of wireless resources, and profitability. However, the majority of Radio Resource Allocation (RRA) algorithms only consider enhancing Quality of Service (QoS) and network parameters. Since this approach may end up with unsatisfied customers in the future, it is essential to develop innovative RRA algorithms that adopt a user-centric approach based on users' QoE. This chapter focus on wireless video over Critical communication systems that are inspired by QoE perceived by end users. This chapter presents a background to introduce the reader to this area, followed by a review of the related up-to-date literature.
Enhancing Global Competency of Future Construction Professionals
Authors: Sertyesilisik Begum
Published: February 2017

A globalized world requires future professionals to be global citizens; to perceive their market as a global market. Globalization challenges future professionals due to its potential impacts on the labour profile. Labour markets' skills and talents as well as their adaptation to the global trends can contribute to the sustainability of the labour market and to the competitiveness of the companies globally. This chapter focuses on the future construction professionals' global competency as the construction industry is labour intensive and site based. Site based nature of the construction industry requires construction professionals to work in different countries within multidisciplinary and multicultural teams. This chapter covers the following topics: construction industry's contribution to the economy and employment rate of the countries; globalization in the construction industry; globalization as a challenge for future construction professionals; impacts of the globalization on the future construction professionals' profile; education of future construction professionals.
A estatuária funerária no Brasil: um olhar indagador sobre as imagens de Jesus Cristo nos cemitérios brasileiros
Authors: Borges Maria Elizia , Carneiro Maristela
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo se presta a analisar representações artísticas de Jesus Cristo encontradas em um conjunto de cemitérios de cidades brasileiras de pequeno e médio porte, discutindo seu papel como uma iconografia devocional. Cemitérios são espaços de grande elaboração artística, simbólica e religiosa, capazes de expressar muito acerca das sociedades que os produziram. Nossa análise compreende considerações acerca da configuração dos cemitérios secularizados no Brasil, assim como uma discussão sobre as possibilidades temáticas das imagens crísticas no horizonte artístico. A partir dessas considerações, estudamos imagens devocionais de Jesus Cristo nos cemitérios pesquisados, ponderando como estas abordam modelos tradicionais de representação crística.
Credit risk management and shareholder value creation: with special reference to listed commercial banks in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera L. A. S. , Morawakage P. S.
Published: February 2017

The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of credit risk management on the shareholder value in listed commercial banks in Sri Lanka. The research has used only the secondary data for the purpose of analysis and the sources of data include the annual reports of selected quoted public banks. This study employed return on shares to measure the shareholder value while non-performing ratio, Capital adequacy ratio and Loans to deposits ratio have been used as the indicators of the credit risk management of the banks. Regression models were employed to do the empirical analysis and focuses on the descriptions of the output obtained from the SPSS. The findings reveal that credit risk management has a significant effect on shareholder value in all eight banks. Among the three credit risk management indicators, NPLR has the most significant effect on the return on shares. Through the results of the study it can be concluded that null hypothesis can be rejected since there is a significant relationship between credit risk management and shareholder value.
Images of person-organization fit: elements affecting employee organizational behavior
Authors: Barylska Ilona Swiatek
Published: February 2017

The purpose of the paper is to build upon the existing literature a new approach to personorganization fit, in particular, employees’ perception of the P-O fit, taking into consideration two main criteria: 1) the level of formalization as a company’s characteristics and 2) an employee’s certainty orientation as a person’s characteristics. The congruence between the situational factor (level of formalization) and personal traits (certainty orientation) influence individual organizational behavior. A two-dimension model illustrated by a four-element matrix is created by the author to present the concept and describe employees’ organizational behaviors. There are four images of P-O fit developed in the paper: 1) a kayak on a stormy ocean 2) ferries on a lake, 3) a cruise ship in a pond and 4) yacht on friendly seas.
Use of image processing to easy e-content reader for physically differently-abled personnel
Authors: Mithrasena A. H. R. P. , Kulasekara D. M. R. , Wedasinghe N.
Published: February 2017

Differently-abled or disability is distinct as limitation of a person’s ability to carry out the activities of daily living, to the level that he or she may need help in doing so. The differentlyabled personnel, especially people with various amputations face the issue of not being able to use the devices that allow them to access e-content properly. In this paper, here suggest an application that is able to scroll the page of an e-content with the help of human face. The face is identified and tracked in real-time to use their actions for scrolling events. The basic strategy for detection is fast extraction of the face of the image in front of the screen with image processing technology. Between-the-Eyes is selected as a face representative because of its features are common to most people and is easily seen for a varied range of face orientation. After identifying the face, the head movement is used to trigger the scrolling event based on the suggested proposed system.
Multicenter Systems Analysis of Human Blood Reveals Immature Neutrophils in Males and During Pregnancy
Authors: Blazkova Jana , Gupta Sarthak , Liu Yudong , Gaudilliere Brice , Ganio Edward A. , Bolen Christopher R. , Saar-Dover Ron , Fragiadakis Gabriela K. , Angst Martin S. , Hasni Sarfaraz , Aghaeepour Nima , Stevenson David , Baldwin Nicole , Anguiano Esperanza , Chaussabel Damien , Altman Matthew C. , Kaplan Mariana J. , Davis Mark M. , Furman David
Published: February 2017

Despite clear differences in immune system responses and in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases between males and females, there is little understanding of the processes involved. In this study, we identified a gene signature of immature-like neutrophils, characterized by the overexpression of genes encoding for several granule-containing proteins, which was found at higher levels (up to 3-fold) in young (20–30 y old) but not older (60 to >89 y old) males compared with females. Functional and phenotypic characterization of peripheral blood neutrophils revealed more mature and responsive neutrophils in young females, which also exhibited an elevated capacity in neutrophil extracellular trap formation at baseline and upon microbial or sterile autoimmune stimuli. The expression levels of the immature-like neutrophil signature increased linearly with pregnancy, an immune state of increased susceptibility to certain infections. Using mass cytometry, we also find increased frequencies of immature forms of neutrophils in the blood of women during late pregnancy. Thus, our findings show novel sex differences in innate immunity and identify a common neutrophil signature in males and in pregnant women.
Effects of folic acid supplementation on the performance of broiler chicken
Authors: Meremikwu V.N. , Akpet O , Essien A , Orok E.E.
Published: February 2017

Sixty (60) day- old broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of graded levels of folic acid supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens. The study was carried out using complete randomized design. Commercial starter and finisher diets were used for the experiment which lasted for eight weeks. The folic acid supplement was administered in drinking water within the first seven (7) days of life of the broiler chickens at the following levels: O, 15, 30 and 45mg per litre of drinking water, corresponding to treatments T1 (control), T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitum.The lowest (15mg) and highest (45mg) levels of folic acid supplementation did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from the control in most of the parameters measured (final body weight, average growth rate, and feed conversion ratio). The T3 group (30mg of folic acid supplement|) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other levels including the control in the above mentioned parameters. This level (30mg of folic acid supplementation pre Littre of drinking water provided a safety margin of 1.45mg of supplemental folic acid per bird per day.Keywords: Folic acid, supplementation, tolerable intake level, performance
Entrevista a Benjamín Romano
Authors: Mas Llorens Vicente , Oliver Isabel , García-Gasco Sergio
Published: February 2017

Realizamos esta entrevista al arquitecto Benjamín Romano Jafi f en un apartamento situado en uno de sus edifi cios más destacados: la Torre Bosques Residencial, un bloque lineal de 29 plantas situado al oeste de la Ciudad de México, cerca de la frontera entre el Distrito Federal y el municipio de Huixquilucan. Se trata de un edificio que incorpora el concepto de Unidad de Habitación o edificio ciudad. Es decir, no solo es el lugar de vivienda, sino que también tiene espacios comunitarios, como aparcamiento, piscinas, gimnasios, solarios. El edifi cio parece dar soporte físico a todas las actividades humanas, excepto la laboral.
Reforma 222. México DF
Authors: Teodoro González de León Arquitecto
Published: February 2017

Es un conjunto de usos mixtos que integra el espacio público del Paseo de la Reforma a un Paseo Peatonal interno de 150 metros de profundidad, es un espacio arbolado y protegido de la lluvia por una cubierta de cristal y flanqueado por dos esbeltas torres que alojan entre ellas un gran pórtico para el acceso principal.
Aerosol concentrations determine the height of warm rain and ice initiation in convective clouds over the Amazon basin
Authors: Braga Ramon Campos , Rosenfeld Daniel , Weigel Ralf , Jurkat Tina , Andreae Meinrat O. , Wendisch Manfred , Pöschl Ulrich , Voigt Christiane , Mahnke Christoph , Borrmann Stephan , Albrecht Rachel I. , Molleker Sergej , Vila Daniel A. , Machado Luiz A. T. , Grulich Lucas
Published: February 2017

Abstract. We have investigated how pollution aerosols affect the height above cloud base of rain and ice hydrometeor initiation and the subsequent vertical evolution of cloud droplet size and number concentrations in growing convective cumulus. For this purpose we used in-situ data of hydrometeor size distributions measured with instruments mounted on HALO (High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft) during the ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign over the Amazon during September 2014. The results show that the height of rain initiation by collision and coalescence processes (Dr, in units of meters above cloud base) is linearly correlated with the number concentration of droplets (Nd in cm−3) nucleated at cloud base (Dr ≈ 5 Nd). When Nd exceeded values of about 1000 cm−3, Dr became greater than 5000 m, and particles of precipitation size were initiated as ice hydrometeors. Therefore, no liquid water raindrops were observed within growing convective cumulus during polluted conditions. Furthermore, also the formation of ice particles took place at higher altitudes in the clouds in polluted conditions, because the resulting smaller cloud droplets froze at colder temperatures compared to the larger drops in the unpolluted cases. The measured vertical profiles of droplet effective radius (re) were close to those estimated by assuming adiabatic conditions (rea), supporting the hypothesis that the entrainment and mixing of air into convective clouds is almost completely inhomogeneous. Secondary nucleation of droplets on aerosol particles from biomass burning and air pollution reduced re below rea, which further inhibited the formation of raindrops and ice particles and resulted in even higher altitudes for rain and ice initiation.
Quantifying nutrient fluxes with a new hyporheic passive flux meter (HPFM)
Authors: Kunz Julia Vanessa , Annable Michael D. , Cho Jaehyun , von Tümpling Wolf , Hatfield Kirk , Rao Suresh , Borchardt Dietrich , Rode Michael
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The hyporheic zone is a hotspot of biogeochemical turnover and nutrient removal in running waters. However, nutrient fluxes through the hyporheic zone are highly variable in time and locally heterogeneous. Resulting from the lack of adequate methodologies to obtain representative long-term measurements, our quantitative knowledge on transport and turnover in this important transition zone is still limited.In groundwater systems passive flux meters, devices which simultaneously detect horizontal water and solute flow through a screen well in the subsurface, are valuable tools for measuring fluxes of target solutes and water through those ecosystems. Their functioning is based on accumulation of target substances on a sorbent and concurrent displacement of a resident tracer which is previously loaded on the sorbent.Here we evaluate the applicability of this methodology for investigating water and nutrient fluxes in hyporheic zones. Based on laboratory experiments we developed hyporheic passive flux meters (HPFMs) with a length of 50 cm which were separated in 5–7 segments allowing for vertical resolution of horizontal nutrient and water transport. The HPFMs were tested in a 7 day field campaign including simultaneous measurements of oxygen and temperature profiles and manual sampling of pore water. The results highlighted the advantages of the novel method: with HPFMs, cumulative values for the average N and P flux during the complete deployment time could be captured. Thereby the two major deficits of existing methods are overcome: first, flux rates are measured within one device instead of being calculated from separate measurements of water flow and pore-water concentrations; second, time-integrated measurements are insensitive to short-term fluctuations and therefore deliver more representable values for overall hyporheic nutrient fluxes at the sampling site than snapshots from grab sampling. A remaining limitation to the HPFM is the potential susceptibility to biofilm growth on the resin, an issue which was not considered in previous passive flux meter applications. Potential techniques to inhibit biofouling are discussed based on the results of the presented work. Finally, we exemplarily demonstrate how HPFM measurements can be used to explore hyporheic nutrient dynamics, specifically nitrate uptake rates, based on the measurements from our field test. Being low in costs and labour effective, many flux meters can be installed in order to capture larger areas of river beds. This novel technique has therefore the potential to deliver quantitative data which are required to answer unsolved questions about transport and turnover of nutrients in hyporheic zones.
Temperature variability in the Iberian Range since 1602 inferred from tree-ring records
Authors: Tejedor Ernesto , Saz Miguel Ángel , Cuadrat José María , Esper Jan , de Luis Martín
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Tree rings are an important proxy to understand the natural drivers of climate variability in the Mediterranean Basin and hence to improve future climate scenarios in a vulnerable region. Here, we compile 316 tree-ring width series from 11 conifer sites in the western Iberian Range. We apply a new standardization method based on the trunk basal area instead of the tree cambial age to develop a regional chronology which preserves high- to low-frequency variability. A new reconstruction for the 1602–2012 period correlates at −0.78 with observational September temperatures with a cumulative mean of the 21 previous months over the 1945–2012 calibration period. The new IR2Tmax reconstruction is spatially representative for the Iberian Peninsula and captures the full range of past Iberian Range temperature variability. Reconstructed long-term temperature variations match reasonably well with solar irradiance changes since warm and cold phases correspond with high and low solar activity, respectively. In addition, some annual temperature downturns coincide with volcanic eruptions with a 3-year lag.
Bedload transport measurements with Swiss impact plate geophones
in two Austrian mountain streams (Fischbach and Ruetz): system
calibration, grain size estimation, and environmental signal pick-up
Authors: Rickenmann Dieter , Fritschi Bruno
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The Swiss plate geophone system is a bedload surrogate measuring technique that has been installed in more than 20 streams, primarily in the European Alps. Here we report about calibration measurements performed in two mountain streams in Austria. The Fischbach and Ruetz gravel–bed streams are characterized by important runoff and bedload transport during the snowmelt season. A total of 31 (Fischbach) and 21 (Ruetz) direct bedload samples were obtained during a six year period. Using the number of geophone impulses and total transported bedload mass for each measurement to derive a calibration function, results in a strong linear relation for the Fischbach, whereas there is only a poor linear calibration relation for the Ruetz measurements. Instead, using geophone impulse rates and bedload transport rates indicates that two power law relations best represent the Fischbach data, depending on transport intensity; for lower transport intensities, the same power law relation is also in reasonable agreement with the Ruetz data. These results are compared with data and findings from other field sites and flume studies. We further show that the observed coarsening of the grain size distribution with increasing bedload flux can be qualitatively reproduced from the geophone signal, when using the impulse counts along with amplitude information. Finally, we discuss implausible geophone impulse counts that were recorded during periods with smaller discharges without any bedload transport, and that are likely caused by vehicle movement very near to the measuring sites.
Water scarcity under various socio-economic pathways and its potential effects on food production in the Yellow River basin
Authors: Yin Yuanyuan , Tang Qiuhong , Liu Xingcai , Zhang Xuejun
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Increasing population and socio-economic development have put great pressure on water resources of the Yellow River (YR) basin. The anticipated climate and socio-economic changes may further increase water stress. Many studies have investigated the changes in renewable water resources under various climate change scenarios, but few have considered the joint pressure from both climate change and socio-economic development. In this study, we assess water scarcity under various socio-economic pathways with emphasis on the impact of water scarcity on food production. The water demands in the 21st century are estimated based on the newly developed shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) and renewable water supply is estimated using the climate projections under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario. The assessment predicts that the renewable water resources would decrease slightly then increase. The domestic and industrial water withdrawals are projected to increase in the next a few decades and then remain at the high level or decrease slightly during the 21st century. The increase in water withdrawals will put the middle and lower reaches in a condition of severe water scarcity beginning in the next a few decades. If 40 % of the renewable water resources were used to sustain ecosystems, a portion of irrigated land would have to be converted to rain-fed agriculture, which would lead to a 2–11 % reduction in food production. This study highlights the links between water, food and ecosystems in a changing environment and suggests that trade-offs should be considered when developing regional adaptation strategies.
Implementing nonlinear viscoplasticity in ASPECT: benchmarking
and applications to 3D subduction modeling
Authors: Glerum Anne , Thieulot Cedric , Fraters Menno , Blom Constantijn , Spakman Wim
Published: February 2017

Abstract. ASPECT (Advanced Solver for Problems in Earth’s ConvecTion) is a massively parallel finite element code originally designed for modeling thermal convection in the mantle with a Newtonian rheology. The code is characterized by modern numerical methods, high-performance parallelism and extensibility. This last characteristic is illustrated in this work: we have extended the use of ASPECT from global thermal convection modeling to upper mantle-scale applications of subduction. Subduction modeling generally requires the tracking of multiple materials with different properties and with nonlinear viscous and viscoplastic rheologies. To this end, we implemented a frictional plasticity criterion that is combined with a viscous diffusion and dislocation creep rheology. Because ASPECT uses compositional fields to represent different materials (and, since recently, tracers), all material parameters are made dependent on a user-specified number of fields. The goal of this paper is primarily to describe and validate our implementations of complex, multi-material rheology by reproducing the results of four well-known two-dimensional benchmarks: the indentor benchmark, the brick experiment, the sandbox experiment and the slab detachment benchmark. Furthermore, we aim to provide hands-on examples for prospective users by demonstrating the use of multi-material viscoplasticity with three-dimensional, thermomechanical models of oceanic subduction, putting ASPECT on the map as a community code for high-resolution, nonlinear rheology subduction modeling.
Ground-penetrating radar reveals ice thickness and undisturbed englacial layers at Kilimanjaro's Northern Ice Field
Authors: Bohleber Pascal , Sold Leo , Hardy Douglas R. , Schwikowski Margit , Klenk Patrick , Fischer Andrea , Sirguey Pascal , Cullen Nicolas J. , Potocki Mariusz , Hoffmann Helene , Mayewski Paul
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Although its Holocene glacier history is still subject to debate, the ongoing iconic decline of Kilimanjaro's largest remaining ice body, the Northern Ice Field (NIF), has been documented extensively based on surface and photogrammetric measurements. The study presented here adds, for the first time, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data at centre frequencies of 100 and 200 MHz to investigate bed topography, ice thickness and internal stratigraphy at NIF. The direct comparison of the GPR signal to the visible glacier stratigraphy at NIF's vertical walls is used to validate ice thickness and reveals that the major internal reflections seen by GPR can be associated with dust layers. Internal reflections can be traced consistently within our 200 MHz profiles, indicating an uninterrupted, spatially coherent internal layering within NIF's central flat area. We show that, at least for the upper 30 m, it is possible to follow isochrone layers between two former NIF ice core drilling sites and a sampling site on NIF's vertical wall. As a result, these isochrone layers provide constraints for future attempts at linking age–depth information obtained from multiple locations at NIF. The GPR profiles reveal an ice thickness ranging between (6.1 ± 0.5) and (53.5 ± 1.0) m. Combining these data with a very high resolution digital elevation model we spatially extrapolate ice thickness and give an estimate of the total ice volume remaining at NIF's southern portion as (12.0 ± 0.3) × 106 m3.
A methodology for the design and testing of atmospheric boundary layer models for wind energy applications
Authors: Sanz Rodrigo Javier , Churchfield Matthew , Kosovic Branko
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The GEWEX Atmospheric Boundary Layer Studies (GABLS) 1, 2 and 3 are used to develop a methodology for the design and testing of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) models for wind energy applications. The first two GABLS cases are based on idealized boundary conditions and are suitable for verification purposes by comparing with results from higher-fidelity models based on large-eddy simulation. Results from three single-column RANS models, of 1st, 1.5th and 2nd turbulence closure order, show high consistency in predicting the mean flow. The third GABLS case is suitable for the study of these ABL models under realistic forcing such that validation versus observations from the Cabauw meteorological tower are possible. The case consists on a diurnal cycle that leads to a nocturnal low-level jet and addresses fundamental questions related to the definition of the large-scale forcing, the interaction of the ABL with the surface and the evaluation of model results with observations. The simulations are evaluated in terms of surface-layer fluxes and wind energy quantities of interest: rotor equivalent wind speed, hub-height wind direction, wind speed shear and wind direction veer. The characterization of mesoscale forcing is based on spatially and temporally averaged momentum budget terms from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations. These mesoscale tendencies are used to drive single-column models, which were verified previously in the first two GABLS cases, to first demonstrate that they can produce similar wind profile characteristics to the WRF simulations even though the physics are more simplified. The added value of incorporating different forcing mechanisms into microscale models is quantified by systematically removing forcing terms in the momentum and heat equations. This mesoscale-to-microscale modeling approach is affected, to a large extent, by the input uncertainties of the mesoscale tendencies. Deviations from the profile observations are reduced by introducing observational nudging based on measurements that are typically available from wind energy campaigns. This allows the discussion of the added value of using remote sensing instruments versus tower measurements in the assessment of wind profiles for tall wind turbines reaching heights of 200 m.
Blind test comparison of the performance and wake flow between two in-line wind turbines exposed to different turbulent inflow conditions
Authors: Bartl Jan , Sætran Lars
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This is a summary of the results of the fourth blind test workshop that was held in Trondheim in October 2015. Herein, computational predictions on the performance of two in-line model wind turbines as well as the mean and turbulent wake flow are compared to experimental data measured at the wind tunnel of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). A detailed description of the model geometry, the wind tunnel boundary conditions and the test case specifications was published before the workshop. Expert groups within computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were invited to submit predictions on wind turbine performance and wake flow without knowing the experimental results at the outset. The focus of this blind test comparison is to examine the model turbines' performance and wake development with nine rotor diameters downstream at three different turbulent inflow conditions. Aside from a spatially uniform inflow field of very low-turbulence intensity (TI = 0.23 %) and high-turbulence intensity (TI = 10.0 %), the turbines are exposed to a grid-generated highly turbulent shear flow (TI = 10.1 %).Five different research groups contributed their predictions using a variety of simulation models, ranging from fully resolved Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models to large eddy simulations (LESs). For the three inlet conditions, the power and the thrust force of the upstream turbine is predicted fairly well by most models, while the predictions of the downstream turbine's performance show a significantly higher scatter. Comparing the mean velocity profiles in the wake, most models approximate the mean velocity deficit level sufficiently well. However, larger variations between the models for higher downstream positions are observed. Prediction of the turbulence kinetic energy in the wake is observed to be very challenging. Both the LES model and the IDDES (improved delayed detached eddy simulation) model, however, consistently manage to provide fairly accurate predictions of the wake turbulence.
Confronting perspectives: Modeling perspectival complexity in language and cognition
Authors: Zeman Sonja
Published: February 2017

In search of a deeper understanding of perspective-taking, the paper aims at isolating the basic components of complex perspectivization tasks. Based on the assumption that perspective is a relational concept constituted by the dynamic relation between a conceptualizer’s point of view and a conceptualized object and, as such, a concept which is shared by both language and cognition, the paper draws a comparison between the developmental stages of cognitive perspectival capabilities, grammatical perspectivization, and viewpoint comprehension in narrative discourse. This comparison leads to a multi-stage model of degrees of perspectival complexity, whereby the most complex tasks in both language and cognition are characterized by a three-point constellation that integrates contrasting internal vs. external perspectives under a superordinated monitoring viewpoint. As a result, the paper argues that a concept of perspective ‘taking’ is not sufficient to capture the specific aspects of L(anguage)-perspectivization, but has to be complemented by a concept of ‘confronting’ perspectives.
Realistic Stimuli Reveal Selective Effects of Motor Expertise During a Mental Body Rotation Task
Authors: Habacha Hamdi , Lejeune-Poutrain Laure , Molinaro Corinne
Published: February 2017

To investigate the effects of stimulus features on the implementation of motor expertise in body rotations during a mental body rotation task, 2 experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, we investigated the mental rotation abilities in 27 male participants: 14 experts in real body rotations (national level gymnasts) and 13 nonexperts (national handball players). The mental rotation task used left–right judgments and involved 3 types of stimuli: images of a stick figure person, images of line drawings of the human body, and photographs of real male persons. In Experiment 2, 10 experts and 11 nonexperts performed a mental body rotation task on the same stimuli as in Experiment 1 using this time a same–different judgment. Results showed that stimulus features had a significant effect on the mental rotation of the participants because the more realistic stimuli resulted in shorter response times. Furthermore, experts outperformed nonexperts when the stimuli were presented in unfamiliar orientations (180° rotation). However, this pattern was significant only during the mental rotation task of photographs with left– right judgments, suggesting that stick figure person and line drawings of the human body did not differentiate experts and nonexperts. In conclusion, results suggest the existence of optimal stimulus features to elicit optimal embodiment and allow revealing selective effects of motor expertise in body rotations.
The Impacts of Company Size on Leadership
Authors: Marx Thomas George
Published: February 2017

This paper empirically tests the impacts of company size, measured by total sales revenues, on the importance of 12essential leadership functions, (e.g., encouraging teamwork), six skills (e.g., interpersonal), seven traits (e.g., beingdecisive), four leadership styles - participatory, directive, tasks oriented, and employee oriented, and on leadershipeffectiveness.The findings evidence patterns of leadership at larger companies that are significantly different from smallercompanies. The collective findings make a compelling argument that increasing company size reduces theimportance of leaders engaging and interacting with followers. This likely reflects characteristics of larger companiesthat lessen the importance of or substitute for employee engagement and interpersonal interactions. However, theleadership at larger companies was not found to be less or more effective. The study also found that largercompanies are more risk averse, which has additional implications for leadership. The findings have a number ofimplications for practitioners, researchers, and faculty teaching leadership.