bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-center outcomes of artificial intelligence in management of pulmonary embolism and pulmonary embolism response team activation
Authors: Talon Andrew , Puri Chahat , Mccreary Dylan L , Windschill Daniel , Bowker Weston , Gao Yuqing A , Uppalapu Suresh , Mathew Manoj
Published: July 2024

Multidisciplinary pulmonary embolism response teams (PERTs) have shown that timely triage expedites treatment. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) may help improve pulmonary embolism (PE) management with early CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) screening and accelerate PERT coordination. This study aimed to test the clinical validity of an FDA-approved PE AI algorithm. CTPA scan data of 200 patients referred due to automated AI detection of suspected PE were retrospectively reviewed. In our institution, all patients suspected of PE received a CTPA. The AI app was then used to analyze CTPA for the presence of PE and calculate the right-ventricle/left-ventricle (RV/LV) ratio. We compared the AI’s output with the radiologists’ report. Inclusion criteria included segmental PE with and without RV dysfunction and high-risk PE. The primary endpoint was false positive rate. Secondary end points included clinical outcomes according to the therapy selected, including catheter-directed interventions, systemic thrombolytics, and anticoagulation. Fifty-seven of 200 exams (28.5%) were correctly identified as positive for PE by the algorithm. A total of 143 exams (71.5%) were incorrectly reported as positive. In 8% of cases, PERT was consulted. Four patients (7%) received systemic thrombolytics without any complications. There were six patients (10.5%) who developed high-risk PE and underwent thrombectomy, one of whom died. Among 46 patients with acute PE without right heart strain, 44 (95%) survived. The false positive rate of our AI algorithm was 71.5%, higher than what was reported in the AI’s prior clinical validity study (91% sensitivity, 100% specificity). A high rate of discordant AI auto-detection of suspected PE raises concerns about its diagnostic accuracy. This can lead to increased workloads for PERT consultants, alarm/notification fatigue, and automation bias. The AI direct notification process to the PERT team did not improve PERT triage efficacy.
“Reading the Heart”: Cosmology, Ethics, and Language of Chinese Divination as Therapeutic Resources
Authors: Li Geng
Published: July 2024

Through an ethnographic and comparative approach to counseling and psychotherapy, this article highlights the unique psychological mechanisms and cosmological perceptions involved in the practice of “reading the heart” ( du xinshu) in Chinese divination, particularly in the fortune-telling system based on bazi (one’s birth date and time). It reveals how diviners engage in a culturally specific dialogue that strategically influences clients’ cognitive, emotional, and moral experiences, how the professional ethics of divination can influence the ways in which practitioners guide customers, positively or negatively. Chinese divination, which emphasizes balance and a holistic worldview harmonizing society and nature, also compels diviners to pay great attention to reaching and touching customers’ hearts from an interpersonal perspective rather than resorting to mysterious supernatural forces. The focus of analysis is on the distinctive verbal skills and language performance of diviners, with a particular reference to a divination pedagogy manual that teaches communication skills to professional diviners. I argue that diviners’ language performance is intertwined with their effort to win the clients’ hearts and convictions in order to enhance their own authority and legitimacy. The distinctiveness of the Chinese indigenous approach provides a rich contrast to Western psychological practices. This analysis offers new insights on the therapeutic potential of divination as a culturally attuned method of counseling.
Unlocking Marketing Creativity Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Pagani Margherita , Wind Yoram
Published: July 2024

This article examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing marketing creativity by analyzing the synergy between computational and human creative processes. Through two studies, the authors investigate nongenerative and generative AI applications within marketing contexts using a conceptually driven and empirically derived approach. In Study 1, the authors observe how creative individuals, particularly artists, utilize AI and its effects on their creative experiences, revealing AI's role as (1) a new instrumental resource, (2) a tool for exploring possibilities, and (3) a means to deconstruct the creative process. Study 2 assesses 1,036 AI systems (2015–2021) and 241,292 AI models (2022–2024), categorizing them into four clusters and three levels of observed creativity. From these insights, the authors introduce a framework for AI-enabled creativity: (1) inspiring agile methods, (2) augmenting human creativity, and (3) inspiring unconventional thinking. Validated by three workshops, this framework equips marketing leaders with a deeper comprehension of AI's creative potential. The authors advocate for AI integration within agile, augmented, and unconventional marketing approaches, advancing our understanding of AI's contribution to marketing creativity. Additionally, they propose a research roadmap for empirical validation in real-world applications.
EXPRESS: The Impact of Physicians’ Short Video Posts on Consumers’ Virtual Visits
Authors: Liu Yuhua , Wang Xia
Published: July 2024

Amid fierce competition in the telemedicine industry, physicians increasingly utilize short videos and online healthcare content to attract new consumers. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this approach remains unclear. To address this, the authors examined short video posts from 679 physicians alongside corresponding consumer virtual visits over 32 weeks. Findings indicate that the quantity of short video posts and the medical jargon used in their videos positively impact consumers’ virtual visits. Notably, the effect of video quantity is more pronounced for physicians with more followers and those specializing in chronic diseases. However, a higher follower count weakens the effect of medical jargon, and videos with more medical jargon serve as substitutes for telemedicine channels, resulting in a non-significant effect for physicians specializing in chronic (vs. acute) diseases. The authors draw on information processing theory to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Empirical evidence suggests that video quantity has an informative effect, leading to increased virtual visits via homepage traffic on telemedicine platforms, while medical jargon yields a persuasive effect, enhancing virtual visits through consumer likes.
Evaluation of Cannabis-Related Product Use Among Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Narrative Review
Authors: Shojaei Delaram , Zabihi Haleh , Maida Vincent , Kirchhof Mark G. , Alavi Afsaneh
Published: July 2024

The use of cannabis and cannabis-related products among patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is increasing globally. Given the potential anti-inflammatory, therapeutic, and pain management benefits of cannabis-related products, we reviewed primary literature to evaluate the prevalence and possible purpose for cannabis use among patients with HS and to provide recommendations to patients and physicians. A narrative review of original studies was conducted using Embase and Ovid Medline databases. The search strategy was confirmed by a librarian and conducted on September 1, 2023, using a detailed list of subject headings and keywords tailored to cannabis, cannabis-related products, HS, and both adult and pediatric populations. Among 43 identified studies, 6 met the eligibility criteria and encompassed 34,435 patients. Patients were mostly female, and studies were conducted across the United States, Canada, and France. Findings show higher cannabis use among HS patients, demonstrating efficacy in pain management, sleep, anxiety relief, itch relief, and improved quality of life. Cannabis may play a role in analgesia, improved quality of life, pain, itch, and overall mental health in patients with HS and healthcare providers including dermatologists should increase their familiarity in appropriate use of cannabis-related products.
Disability patterns in multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis on RAW and PIRA in the real-world context
Authors: Prosperini Luca , Ruggieri Serena , Haggiag Shalom , Tortorella Carla , Gasperini Claudio
Published: July 2024

Objective:

To summarize the current evidence on relapse-associated worsening (RAW) and progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) through a quantitative synthesis of real-world studies.

Methods:

Scientific databases were searched to identify suitable articles. Random-effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses and meta-regression models were ran to provide pooled estimates of RAW and PIRA events and to identify their potential moderators (PROSPERO registration: CRD42024503895).

Results:

Eighteen articles met the eligibility criteria, with a pooled sample size of 52,667 patients (93% relapsing–remitting, 6% clinically isolated syndrome and 1% progressive) followed for 2.4 to 12.1 years, yielding to 415,825 patient-years. Pooled event rates for RAW and PIRA were 1.6 (95 confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–2.1) and 3.1 (95% CI = 2.3–3.9) per 100 patient-years, respectively. Less RAW events were found in cohorts including patients with progressive course (β = −0.069, p = 0.006) and under high-efficacy disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) (β = −0.031, p = 0.007), while PIRA events were directly related to older age (β = 0.397, p = 0.027). In addition, we found significant differences in PIRA event rates according to the criteria adopted to define confirmed disability accrual ( p < 0.05).

Discussion:

PIRA accounts for most events causing disability accumulation in the real-world setting, even at the earlier disease stages, whereas RAW represents a less frequent phenomenon, likely due to effective treatments. The detection and statistical analysis of PIRA outcomes pose challenges, raising the risk of erroneous inference. When interpreting our findings, caution is needed given the wide heterogeneity of included studies.
Bonding versus fragmentation: What shapes disadvantaged intragroup empathy in advantaged contexts?
Authors: Kassem Nur , Cohen-Eick Noa , Halperin Eran , Perry Anat
Published: July 2024

Intragroup empathy is vital for resilience. However, it is often impaired in advantaged-dominated environments when one adopts advantaged-group characteristics to climb the social ladder. The current work examines contextual factors that may affect intragroup empathy: the motivation behind adopting the advantaged-group characteristics, and negative encounters with members of the advantaged group. We hypothesized that coercively, versus willingly, adopting advantaged-group characteristics will increase intragroup empathy both when the outcomes are negative and positive. We further hypothesized that a negative encounter with an advantaged-group member would increase intragroup empathy, compared to no encounter. In three studies, Palestinian students in Israeli academia were assigned to read scripts depicting the academic experience of a Palestinian student adopting advantaged-group characteristics. We tested (a) the effects of motivation following a negative outcome ( N = 182); (b) the effects following a positive outcome ( N = 205); and (c) the interaction between a negative encounter with an advantaged-group member and motivation, and its effect on intragroup empathy ( N = 282). Intragroup empathy was higher in the coerced condition compared to the free-willing condition both for negative and positive outcomes. A negative encounter with an advantaged-group member increased intragroup empathy in the willing condition. By illuminating contextual variables that shape intragroup empathy, this research shows that impairment in intragroup empathy is not inevitable. This work may serve as a foundation for future interventions.
Using Social Media Analytics to Understand the Impact of Government Intervention on Consumer Behaviour During a Pandemic
Authors: Quach Sara , Zuo Alec , Thaichon Park , Roberts Robin , Tang Wenzhu
Published: July 2024

The study aims to examine the impact of contagious disease cues and the government’s nonpharmaceutical interventions on customer sentiment related to perishable products with high touch frequency such as fresh fruits during a pandemic. Through social media analytics 659,537 individual tweets were collected from Twitter, by users based in two major cities in Australia (one of two major cities is the world’s longest COVID-19 lockdown). Our findings suggest that in general contagious disease cues will negatively affect consumer sentiment about fresh produce, and this effect is moderated by government interventions. In particular, except for customer sentiment related to the use of chemicals, daily case numbers had a significant negative impact on customer sentiment related to freshness, healthiness and contamination in both Sydney and Melbourne. Compared to contagious disease cues, the effect of government interventions is less consistent between Sydney and Melbourne. The findings offer significant implications for marketers and policymakers to effectively adapt to emerging customer demands and expectations. The results also confirm the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions, specifically lockdowns, in mitigating the negative effect of contagious disease cues on customer sentiment.
Reinforce, readjust, reclaim: How artificial intelligence impacts journalism’s professional claim
Authors: Møller Lynge Asbjørn , Skovsgaard Morten , de Vreese Claes
Published: July 2024

Major advances in artificial intelligence have fuelled a rapid increase in the automation and augmentation of journalistic work, challenging the centrality of journalists in the news production process. This article theoretically explores news automation by adopting a system of professions framework from the sociology of professions to provide a holistic perspective on the impact of artificial intelligence on journalistic work. This framework posits that different factors influence professional control over work, and problems caused by these factors have left journalism vulnerable to automation. The routine and mundane nature of a significant portion of journalistic tasks suggests that artificial intelligence may potentially replace many journalists in the future, thereby challenging the profession’s claim to expertise. For journalism to uphold its professional authority in the future, it needs to brace for the impact of artificial intelligence. Building on this analysis, we explore strategies for journalism to do so. This involves reinforcing professional ideals in new algorithmic practices, readjusting knowledge and skill taught in education, and reclaiming specialised work practices in organisations. Rather than a threat, the emergence of artificial intelligence then presents an opportunity for journalism to reintroduce the distinctiveness of the profession and rejuvenate its professional promise.
Path following of underactuated surface vessels based active disturbance rejection control considering lateral drift
Authors: Zhang Hugan , Zhang Xianku , Gao Shihang , Ma Daocheng
Published: July 2024

To address the challenges posed by unmodeled dynamics, lateral drift, external disturbances, and the difficulty in measuring velocities in underactuated surface vessels (USVs) motion systems, an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) with two linear extended state observers (LESO) is proposed for USV path following. Firstly, we employ the Backstepping technique to create a virtual heading angle while estimating lateral drift and unmodeled dynamics using LESO. Subsequently, the ADRC algorithm is employed to control the heading angle. Since measuring the velocities of USV is challenging, velocity observers are introduce to estimate surge and sway velocities. Finally, we utilize the MMG model with high precision to track straight-line and curved paths, respectively. Simulation results validate that our developed controller accurately follows the reference path even in the presence of disturbances, affirming the effectiveness of our proposed control strategy.
An Expert Delphi Consensus on Risk Factors for Adverse Events After Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Tier 1 Study From the International RIsk Stratification in EVAR (IRIS-EVAR) Working Group
Authors: Talbot Adam B. , Schermerhorn Marc L. , Forbes Thomas L. , Golledge Jonathan , Verhagen Hence J. M. , Torella Francesco , Antoniou George A.
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Tier 1 of the International RIsk Stratification in EndoVascular Aneurysm Repair (IRIS-EVAR) project aimed to identify important risk factors for adverse events following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Materials and Methods:

Initially, the steering committee proposed a number of risk factors for adverse events following EVAR. A Delphi consensus was performed as expert panelists were presented with risk factors and provided the opportunity to propose additional risk factors during the process. Experts in EVAR completed an online survey via 3 structured rounds. The first round opened in July 2022, and the third round closed in December 2022. Panelists rated risk factors using a 4-point Likert scale. Consensus was defined as >70% of participants agreeing/strongly agreeing or disagreeing/strongly disagreeing with a statement in each round.

Results:

Thirty-five panelists from 12 countries completed the 3 rounds of surveys. Of a total of 64 individual risk factors assessed by the panelists, 37 (58%) had consensus that they were important for adverse events following EVAR. Risk factors were stratified in 4 domains: 14 (38%) were related to preoperative anatomy, 3 (8%) related to the aortic device selection, 8 (22%) related to the procedure performance, and 12 (32%) related to postoperative surveillance. Factors with the highest consensus in each domain were as follows: proximal aortic neck length <15 mm (98% consensus), anatomy non-compliant with instructions for use (94% consensus), length of achieved proximal aortic neck post implantation <10 mm (98% consensus), and non-satisfactory seal at landing or overlapping zones/sac expansion/kink or stenosis (100% consensus each), respectively.

Conclusions:

Clinically important risk factors for adverse events after EVAR were identified via expert consensus. These factors will be used to develop an expert consensus-informed risk stratification and surveillance strategies.

Clinical impact

This is the first study to apply an in-depth Delphi methodology to achieve an expert consensus on risk factors for adverse events after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Important risk factors were stratified in 4 domains: preoperative anatomy (14 factors), aortic device (3 factors), EVAR procedure (8 factors), and postoperative surveillance (12 factors). This study will potentially influence future clinical practice by providing evidence informed by experts regarding predictors of adverse events following EVAR that can be taken into account during decision making and developing post-EVAR surveillance strategies. These findings will inform a risk stratification tool for everyday use by vascular surgeons.
Vascular Aging Entails Arterial Dilatation in Addition to Increased Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Schaafsma A. , Molanus L. , van Rooijen G. J.
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

The increase in arterial blood pressure occurring with aging is considered an important risk factor for end-organ damage in, among others, the brain. How exactly this risk emerges is largely unknown.

Methods:

We investigated the effect of aging on middle cerebral flow velocity (MCAFV) and noninvasive arterial blood pressure (NIBP) in 105 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 82 years. Both pulsatile signals were analyzed determining the first (Sys1) and second systolic peak (Sys2) and the diastolic flow velocity 560 ms after stroke onset (D560).

Results:

For NIBP, a linear increase was found with aging for Sys2 and D560 (0.72 and 0.14 mm Hg/year, respectively) but not for Sys1. For MCAFV, a linear decrease was found with aging for all variables, being more rapid for Sys1 than for Sys2 or D560 (−0.94, −0.41, and −0.54 cm/s/year, respectively). Both signals change from Sys1 dominant in young adults to increasingly Sys2 dominant in the elderly.

Discussion:

That MCAFV decreases with aging, whereas NIBP increases can best be explained by assuming arterial dilatation. Apart from the generally accepted increase in arterial stiffness, arterial dilatation may be an important additional factor in vascular aging: the loss of elastin allows arteries to dilate until restricted by arterial collagen.

Conclusion:

Normal values collected in this study support protocols for non-invasive monitoring that require a correction for age.
No immediate change in systemic cytokines following an eccentric muscle training session in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Alt Yasmin , Wochatz Monique , Schraplau Anne , Engel Tilman , Sharon Hadar , Gurevich Michael , Menascu Shay , Mayer Frank , Kalron Alon
Published: July 2024

Background:

Eccentric muscle contractions elicit distinct physiological responses, including modulation of the cytokine profile. Although relevant for rehabilitation, the effect of eccentric muscle training on the immune system has never been investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives:

Examine the immediate cytokine response of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, IL-17a, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha after a moderate eccentric training session in individuals with MS. Additionally, further investigate the association between systemic cytokine levels at rest and clinical measures of mobility and lower limb functional strength.

Design:

Observational study.

Methods:

The first session included blood sampling for baseline cytokine measures. Subsequently, the participant completed a battery of clinical assessments related to mobility and lower limb strength, that is, the Timed-Up-and-Go Test, Five-Repetition-Sit-to-Stand-Test (5STS), Four-Square-Step-Test, and Two-Minute-Walk-Test. The second session included the eccentric exercise training session, followed by a second blood sampling to assess the acute cytokine response to the eccentric training bout. This session comprised 10 exercises concentrating on the strength of the trunk and lower extremities.

Results:

Twenty-seven people with MS (pwMS), with a mean age of 40.1 years, participated in the study. No difference was demonstrated in the cytokine concentration values between baseline and immediately after the eccentric training session. The 5STS explained 30.3% of the variance associated with interferon-gamma, 14.8% with IL-4, and 13.8% with IL-10.

Conclusion:

An eccentric training bout does not impact cytokine concentration in the blood and, consequently, does not boost a pro-inflammatory response, thus, it can be performed on pwMS in a rehabilitation setting.
Autonomous 4? Learners’ Collaborative Problem Solving in Chamber Music Rehearsals With and Without a Coach
Authors: Roesler Rebecca A.
Published: July 2024

This investigation explored collaborative problem solving with and without a coach by analyzing problem-solving (PS) and problem-solving-prompting (PSP) behaviors by group members and coaches in six total coached rehearsals with three collegiate string quartets, and six autonomous rehearsals with the same string quartets. Teachers’ and learners’ PS and PSP behaviors were compared in three settings: autonomous chamber music rehearsals, chamber music rehearsals with a coach, and one-to-one instruction. Coaches and students performed the same problem-solving component behaviors and most of the same PSP behaviors as observed in one-to-one instruction and in rehearsals of a professional chamber ensemble. As in one-to-one instruction, coaches could engage learners in problem solving, and in this setting invite them to collaborate with one another, by asking questions and varying the specificity of feedback and directives. Coaches’ Attention Directives preceded the most learner problem solving and collaborative engagement. During autonomous rehearsals learners often switched leadership roles fluidly, often prompting one another to problem solve. Implications for a pedagogy of coaching and inclusion of small ensembles within music education are discussed.
Cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula visualisation by intrathecal pressurization: A technical note and illustrative case
Authors: Lützen Niklas , Zander Charlotte , Dersch Rick , Beck Jürgen , Urbach Horst
Published: July 2024

CSF-venous fistulas (CVFs) are an important cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension and challenging to diagnose. Lateral decubitus positioning during myelography and a technique called “resisted inspiration” has shown to improve CVF detection. However, the impact of intrathecal pressurization to improve visualization of CVF has mostly been speculated on. In this brief report, we demonstrate how a CVF became progressively more visible only after stepwise intrathecal pressurization: An indication of the importance of pressurization for CVF detection.
The impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on cystic fibrosis health-related quality of life and decision-making about daily treatment regimens: a mixed methods exploratory study
Authors: Basile Melissa , Polo Jennifer , Henthorne Katherine , DeCelie-Germana Joan , Galvin Susan , Wang Janice
Published: July 2024

Background:

Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has reduced many symptoms of cystic fibrosis (CF).

Objectives:

We sought to identify the impact of ETI on both symptoms and treatment decisions among adults with CF.

Design:

Participants were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Surveys were sent via a RedCap link. Semistructured interviews were administered remotely via Microsoft Teams. Interviews were audio recorded and professionally transcribed.

Methods:

We assessed Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) subscales for physical, respiratory, emotion, and treatment, and analyzed semistructured interviews covering CF treatment regimens and daily living. Quantitative and qualitative results were analyzed separately and via a mixed-methods convergence coding matrix.

Results:

Twenty-four adults with CF taking ETI were included. CFQ-R subscale scores (mean scores/standard deviation) were physical (82.1/22.8), respiratory (83.7/11.2), emotion (65.3/14.2), and treatment (57.5/20.1). Three themes about decision-making for non-ETI-treatments emerged: (1) How I’m feeling, (2) Not noticing a difference, and (3) Uncertainty about long-term impact of modifying treatment regimens, and we found participants weighed each of these factors in their treatment decisions. Key findings from mixed-methods analysis show that among individuals experiencing higher CFQ-R scores for physical and respiratory compared to emotion and treatment, there were statements indicating that while those participants were experiencing better physical health, many continued their burdensome treatment regimens.

Conclusion:

With little long-term data on the impact of reducing non-ETI treatments, participants weighed how they were feeling, treatment efficacy beliefs, and risk tolerance when making treatment decisions.
Lack of awareness and ethnic polarity is a major cause of metabolic associated fatty liver disease in high-risk diabetes population in South London
Authors: Ajaz Saima , Chamley Mark , Lok James , Soliman Riham , Khan Reece , Ahir Karan , Curtis Monique , Guerra-Veloz María Fernanda , Agarwal Kosh
Published: July 2024

Background:

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) stands as the leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. Notably, individuals with metabolic risk factors, such as diabetes and obesity, exhibit a staggering prevalence of MAFLD, with estimates reaching up to 70%. However, despite its widespread occurrence, there’s a noticeable gap in understanding and awareness about MAFLD among these high-risk groups.

Objectives:

The main objective of this study was to assess the awareness and prevalence of MAFLD among diabetic patients who regularly receive secondary care focusing particularly on how multiethnic backgrounds and associated lifestyle preferences influence these health outcomes.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who regularly attend Lambeth Diabetes Intermediate Care Team clinics were invited to undergo MAFLD screening using FibroScan. Those who agreed to participate were provided with structured questionnaires on diet, physical activity, and MAFLD knowledge by a hepatologist. For each participant, anthropometric data, medical history, liver stiffness measurement, and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were documented. Steatosis was identified with a CAP value of ⩾275 dB/m, and advanced fibrosis was flagged at values of ⩾8 kPa.

Results:

The FibroScan data was valid in 96.4% (215), 53.5% (115/215) had steatosis and 26.2% (58/215) had liver fibrosis in this multiethnic high-risk group. Awareness of MAFLD was notably low at 30.9%. Alarmingly, 69% of patients diagnosed with liver fibrosis were unfamiliar with the condition. Additionally, understanding of MAFLD showed variation among different ethnic groups with highest levels were demonstrated in the Caucasian/White population (46%). Majority (96%) of these subjects were receiving specific lifestyle advice from healthcare professionals due to metabolic conditions and comorbidities. However, most patients preferred diets that were rich in carbohydrates (65.8%) and only 43% subjects performed moderate exercise daily highlighting lack of understanding regarding MAFLD and lifestyle management.

Conclusion:

There’s a pressing need for increased awareness of MAFLD, especially in multiethnic high-risk groups. Additionally, the development of cost-effective strategies to stratify risk is essential to address this growing health concern.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, C, and its associated risk factors among clinically suspected patients attending poly and Maraki Health Centers, Gondar City, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Solomon , Alemu Adefework , Bizualem Endalkachew , Mehabie Daniel , Alelign Amir
Published: July 2024

Background:

Hepatitis B and C viruses are major global health problems with a high mortality rate, mostly due to serious liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the hepatitis B and C viruses and associated risk factors among clinically suspected patients attending Poly and Maraki Health Centers in Gondar City.

Methods:

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit 422 clinically suspected patients attending Poly and Maraki Health Centers between June and August 2020. The blood sample was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-Hepatitis C virus antibodies using commercially available rapid test kits. We used logistic regression and chi-square analysis to assess factors associated with Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus infections.

Results:

The overall prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-Hepatitis C virus antibodies was 29 (6.9%) and 5 (1.2%), respectively. The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus was found to be significantly higher at Maraki Health Center. Multiple sexual partners (adjusted odd ratio (AOR = 12.299; 95% CI = 2.515–60.142), history of delivery by traditional birth attendants (AOR = 6.284; 95% CI = 2.373–16.637), surgical history (AOR = 3.679; 95% CI = 1.009–13.417), previous hepatitis infections (AOR = 10.374; 95% CI = 1.128–95.444), and upper abdominal pain (AOR = 3.382; 95% CI = 1.215–9.414) were significantly associated with an increased risk of Hepatitis B virus infections. On the other hand, a history of blood transfusion (AOR = 43.132; 95% CI = 1.385–1343.176) and a history of kidney dialysis (AOR = 71.199; 95% CI = 2.074–2444.646) were significantly associated with Hepatitis C virus infection.

Conclusions:

According to the WHO endemicity classification, the prevalence of the hepatitis B virus was intermediate, while that of the hepatitis C virus was low. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the efforts to control and prevent Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus infections.
Exploring Pre-Service Teachers’ Cognitive Processes and Calibration with an Unsupervised Learning-Based Automated Evaluation System
Authors: Yoo Jiseung , Park Jisun , Ha Minsu , Mae Lagmay Darang Chelcea
Published: July 2024

In the context of formative assessment in classrooms, the incorporation of automated evaluation (AE) systems and teachers’ interactions with them hold significant importance. This study aimed to investigate the cognitive processes of pre-service teachers as they engaged with an AE system. We developed an unsupervised learning-based AE system, the Scoring Assistant using Artificial Intelligence (SAAI). SAAI calculates scores without relying on predefined labels and generates scientific keywords from student responses to provide constructive feedback. We collected a substantial number of constructed responses from students, and four pre-service teachers evaluated these responses initially without any external assistance and then re-evaluated them using SAAI scores as a reference point. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study demonstrated a strong level of consistency between human raters and SAAI scores. Pre-service teachers also reflectively recalibrated their assessments and adjusted their rubrics to identify students’ learning more accurately. This study highlights the practical application of AE in real classroom settings and demonstrates how AE can enhance efficiency and accuracy in K-12 science assessments, thus supporting teachers.
A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Consumer Ethnocentrism
Authors: Yadav Shashi
Published: July 2024

The paper analyses the scientific research on consumer ethnocentrism using bibliometric analysis from 1958 to 2023 from the Scopus database. The research investigates the evolution of the consumer ethnocentrism studies published to date; prolific authors, journals, research articles, institutions and countries; predominant themes and their evolution; emerging areas through systematic literature review, bibliographic coupling and keyword co-occurrence technique. The results highlight that the year 2022 witnessed the maximum publications; Journal of International Marketing is at the leading position; USA has dominance in publications; the article titled “Domestic Country Bias, Country-of-Origin Effects, and Consumer Ethnocentrism: A Multidimensional Unfolding Approach” by Balabanis and Diamantopoulos has maximum citations; theoretical foundation and measurement, antecedents, moderators, possible outcomes, and emerging areas are the central themes based on keywords. The study reveals the scope of future research on tourism, education, and health sector in cross-cultural settings.
Eliciting Customers’ Preferences in the Cooperative Insurance Industry: Evidence from the Saudi Motor Insurance Market
Authors: Almulhim Tarifa , Al-Mahish Mohammed , Alabdulqader Mohammed
Published: July 2024

This research aimed to provide a better understanding and analysis of consumer patterns relative to behavioral preferences in the Saudi cooperative motor insurance market. This aim was motivated by the fact that customers’ preferences have been underexplored in this market. Thus, this paper applied a multi-attributes decision analysis methodology to analyze the decision process of purchasing or retaining cooperative motor insurance based on a discrete choice experiment and a choice-based conjoint analysis. The methodology was conducted via a designed questionnaire that asked 385 customers in the Eastern Region to choose between a finite set of decision purchase options that varied along three key attributes: type of coverage, availability of discount, and insurance premium. Sample results showed that the most important attributes were the insurance premium, followed by the type of coverage. The availability of a discount was the least important attribute; however, compared with men, women placed a higher importance on coverage and discounts. The findings can be valuable to policymakers and managers of insurance companies in designing new characteristics for cooperative motor insurance products in Saudi Arabia in line with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030.

JEL Classification: C9, D7, C13, G22
Evaluation of Tibial Slope on Radiographs in Pediatric Patients With Tibial Spine Fractures: An Age- and Sex-Matched Study
Authors: Shin Chang Ho , Syed Akbar N. , Swanson Morgan E. , Kushare Indranil V. , Shea Kevin G. ,   ASTEROID;, Ganley Theodore J. ,   Contributing members of ASTEROID:, Baghdadi Soroush , Cruz Aristides I. , Ellis Henry B. , Fabricant Peter D. , Ganley Theodore J. , Green Daniel W. , Kerrigan Alicia , Kirby Julia , Kocher Mininder , Kushare Indranil V. , Jay Lee R. , MacDonald James P. , McKay Scott D. , Parikh Shital N. , Patel Neeraj M. , Yen Yi-Meng , Schmale Gregory A. , Shea Kevin G. , Justin Mistovich R.
Published: July 2024

Background:

A recent study has reported that the radiographic measurement of posterior tibial slope (PTS) is larger in male pediatric patients with tibial spine fractures (TSF) than in controls. However, they found no difference in PTS between female patients and controls.

Purpose:

(1) To identify whether PTS is larger in female pediatric patients with TSF than in female controls and (2) to validate the relationship between PTS and pediatric TSF in male patients.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

After an a priori power analysis, 84 pediatric patients with TSF (50 female patients and 34 male patients) and 84 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Demographic information, including sex, age, and race, was recorded. Skeletal maturity was determined based on the stage of epiphyseal union on knee radiographs. PTS was defined as the angle between a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tibia and the posterior inclination of the medial tibial plateau on standard knee lateral radiographs.

Results:

The mean age when the TSF occurred was 11.2 ± 2.7 years for female patients and 12.9 ± 2.5 years for male patients. There was no significant difference in skeletal maturity between female patients and female controls or between male patients and male controls. The mean PTS was not significantly different between female patients (8.8°± 2.8°) and female controls (8.3°± 3.1°) ( P = .366) or between male patients (9.0°± 2.8°) and male controls (9.3°± 2.6°) ( P = .675). Those with a PTS >1 SD (2.9°) above the mean (8.8°) had no greater odds (1.0 [95% CI, 0.4-2.5]; P≥ .999) of having a TSF than others.

Conclusion:

PTS was not found to be a risk factor for pediatric TSF in female or male patients in this study.
Is There a Relationship Between Grip Strength and Injuries in Professional Baseball Players?
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Buchheit Paul , Rauch Joseph , Ciccotti Michael G. , Paul Ryan W. , Cohen Steven B.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Injuries in professional baseball players have become exceedingly common. Efforts to mitigate injury risk have focused on the kinetic chain, shoulder motion, and so forth. It is unclear whether grip strength is related to injury risk in professional baseball pitchers.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to determine if grip strength was a risk factor for injury. It was hypothesized that pitchers with weaker grip strength would have a higher likelihood of sustaining a shoulder or elbow injury compared with pitchers with stronger grip strength.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All professional pitchers from a single Major League Baseball organization were included. Dominant and nondominant grip strength were measured after each pitching outing throughout the 2022 season. Injuries over the course of the season were recorded, and data were compared between pitchers who sustained a shoulder or elbow injury and those who did not.

Results:

Overall, 213 pitchers were included, of whom 53 (24.9%) sustained a shoulder or elbow injury during the season. The mean grip strength for all pitchers was 144.0 ± 20.8 lb (65.3 ± 9.4 kg). The mean dominant-arm grip strength was 142.6 ± 20.8 lb (64.7 ± 9.4 kg) for pitchers who did not sustain a shoulder or elbow injury and 148.2 ± 20.9 lb (67.2 ± 9.5 kg) for pitchers who did sustain an injury, with no significant group difference in grip strength ( P > .05). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in change in grip strength over the course of the season between the groups.

Conclusion:

There was no significant difference in mean grip strength or change in grip strength over the course of a single season between professional baseball pitchers who sustained a shoulder or elbow injury and those who did not.
Comparison of Trends and Complications of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Versus Periarticular Knee Osteotomy Among ABOS Part II Oral Examination Candidates
Authors: Callan Kylie T. , Smith Eric , Karasavvidis Theofilos , Wang Dean
Published: July 2024

Background:

While unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and osteotomy procedures are commonly used to treat knee osteoarthritis, the differences in complication profiles between procedures are still poorly understood.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to assess the trends and complication rates of UKA and periarticular knee osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis among newly trained surgeons by using the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II Oral Examination Case List database. It was hypothesized that more adult reconstruction fellowship-trained surgeons would perform UKA, while more sports medicine fellowship-trained surgeons would perform osteotomy, and that both procedures would have low rates of complications.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The ABOS database was queried for patients who underwent UKA, high tibial osteotomy, and distal femoral osteotomy procedures in examination years 2011 to 2021. Patient characteristics, surgeon fellowship training history, surgeon-reported postoperative complications, and readmission and reoperation rates were recorded. Comparisons between the UKA and osteotomy groups were performed using independent t tests and chi-square tests.

Results:

There were 2524 patients in the UKA group and 270 patients in the osteotomy group. The majority of newly trained surgeons performing UKA (70.5%) had fellowship training in adult reconstruction, while the majority of those performing osteotomy (57.8%) had fellowship training in sports medicine ( P < .001). The incidence of UKA and osteotomy increased during the study period (18.8 UKAs and 1.8 osteotomies performed per 10,000 cases in 2011 vs 39.5 UKAs and 4.2 osteotomies performed per 10,000 cases in 2021). Rates were significantly higher for osteotomy compared with UKA regarding anesthetic complications (2.2% vs 0.6%; P = .015), surgical complications (23.7% vs 7.3%; P < .001), reoperation (5.2% vs 1.9%; P = .002), and infection (6.7% vs 1.4%; P < .001). There were no significant differences in rates of medical complication, readmission, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or stiffness/arthrofibrosis.

Conclusion:

Among newly trained surgeons taking the ABOS Part II Oral Examination, the incidence of UKA and periarticular knee osteotomy increased over the past decade. Compared with UKA, complication rates were higher after osteotomy, with an overall surgical complication rate of 23.7%.
Extensor Retinaculum Syndrome of the Ankle: An Adult Case Series
Authors: Carlson Bradley , Carlson DuWayne , Chirongoma Tadiwanashe , Scheid D. Kevin
Published: July 2024

Background:

Extensor retinaculum syndrome (ERS) is a relatively rarely diagnosed compartment syndrome-like entity caused by elevated pressures in the tissues deep to the superior extensor retinaculum (SER). ERS is identified as out-of-proportion anterior ankle pain, pain with passive toe plantarflexion, elevated SER pressures (>40 mm Hg), and ultimately toe extension weakness and first web space numbness. Although previously described in a pediatric population, this case series is the first to our knowledge in an adult population.

Methods:

Seven nonconsecutive cases over 18 years from 2 surgeons are reported who underwent complete SER release for ERS either through the direct lateral approach to the fibula or the anterolateral approach to the distal tibia. All were associated with traumatic injuries including 3 bimalleolar ankle fractures, 3 tibial pilon fractures, and 1 distal tibial/fibular shaft fracture. All patients developed writhing anterior ankle pain worsened with passive toe plantarflexion. SER compartment pressures ranged from 50 to >135 mm Hg. Five cases displayed decreased first web space sensation.

Results:

The diminished or absent first web space sensation uniformly improved post-release. Complications included 1 patient with complex regional pain syndrome type 1, 1 patient required hardware removal, and 2 had persistent but improved first web space sensation changes.

Conclusion:

Clinical suspicion for possible ERS should arise after distal tibial/fibular fractures when the excruciating pain localizes to the ankle instead of the classic anterior leg muscle bellies. If pain is worsened with passive toe plantarflexion, this diagnosis should be considered. Recommended treatment involves complete release of the SER anywhere on the anterior surface between the tibia and fibula depending on the approach needed for fixation of the associated fracture.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Interventions for improving the design and conduct of scientific research: A scoping review
Authors: Mott Andrew , McDaid Catriona , Kirkham Jamie J , Hewitt Catherine , Strachan Luke , Fulbright Helen
Published: July 2024

Background

Research waste is a costly problem for scientific research, with poor design and conduct of the research being key elements which contribute to wastage. Interventions to address poor design and conduct may save time and money. The objective of the study was to map the interventions that have been evaluated for improving the design or conduct of scientific research to identify any gaps in the evidence.

Methods

We undertook a systematic scoping review. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EconLit, ERIC, Social Policy and Practice, HMIC, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global and MetaArXiv from 1st January 2012 to 13th June 2022. Evaluated interventions that aimed to improve the design or conduct of scientific research by targeting researchers or research teams were included. Screening was completed by two reviewers and data charting by a single reviewer with another reviewer checking.

Results

A total of 81 evaluated interventions were included. Most of the interventions targeted research conduct, primarily focussed on registration, publishing, and reporting. Most included studies used observational evaluation methods. Categorising the interventions by the behaviour change wheel framework we found that most studies utilised restriction, coercion, and persuasion and fewer used enablement, training, or incentivisation to achieve their aims.

Conclusions

More evaluations of interventions aimed at how researchers design their research are needed, these should be developed appropriately and evaluated for effectiveness using experimental methods.