bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Isothermal Rheological Response During Elongational Flow
Authors: Matsumoto Takayoshi , Bogue Donald C.
Published: July 2002

Rheological response in the presence of a rapidly changing temperature is an important problem, both as a basic study in rheology and as an applied problem in polymer processing. Here we carry out basic studies in which samples of polystyrene are simultaneously deformed at a constant elongation rate and cooled with linear temperature histories. Generalized time-temperature superposition theory, presented earlier in the form of shift factors aT[T(t)], is considered further. We conclude that the effect of cooling rate R must be introduced explicitly, especially near Tg; a modified equation is suggested in the form aT[T(t),Tg(R)]. From a processing point of view, the most interesting result is that, at high cooling rates, the stress seems to be expressible in terms of a viscosity—not, however, one which is simply related to the shear viscosity.
Methylohalomonadaceae fam. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: March 2023

Me.thy.lo.ha.lo.mo.nad.a.ce'ae N.L. fem. n.
Methylohalomonas
, the type genus of the family, ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Methylohalomonadaceae
the
Methylohalomonas
family.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Methylohalomonadales / Methylohalomonadaceae fam. nov.

The family
Methylohalomonadaceae
includes obligately methylotrophic, aerobic bacteria from hypersaline salt lakes. They are moderate halophiles utilizing C
1
compounds as the energy and carbon source via the serine cycle. The family is a member of the order
Methylohalomonadales
in the
Gammaproteobacteria
and consists of a single genus
Methylohalomonas
. The family‐level status was established by phylogenomic analysis based on the Genome Taxonomy DataBase classification.

DNA G
+
C content (%)
: 59.4 (genome sequence).

Type genus
:
Methylohalomonas
Sorokin et al. 2007
VP
.
Thiohalorhabdaceae fam. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: March 2023

Thi.o.ha.lo.rhab.da.ce'ae N.L. fem. n.
Thiohalorhabdus
, the type genus of the family; L. fem. pl. n. suff.‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thiohalorhabdaceae
, the
Thiohalorhabdus
family.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiohalorhabdales / Thiohalorhabdaceae fam. nov.

The family
Thiohalorhabdaceae
incorporates facultatively anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria from hypersaline habitats. They are extreme halophiles utilizing reduced sulfur compounds as energy sources with either O
2
or nitrate as the electron acceptor and assimilating CO
2
via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. The family is a member of the order
Thiohalorhabdales
in the
Gammaproteobacteria,
and it consists of a single genus
Thiohalorhabdus
. The family‐level status was established by phylogenomic analysis based on the Genome Taxonomy DataBase classification.

DNA G
 + 
C content (%)
: 68.9 (genome of the type strain).

Type genus
:
Thiohalorhabdus
Sorokin et al. 2008
VP
.
Our Roots Run Deep in the Disability World
Authors: de Miranda John
Published: March 2023

A disability rights pioneer died this week last week: Judy Heumann. She was 75 years old.
Lawmakers try again with revived methadone prescribing bill
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2023

As if the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) did not have a massive proposed rule reforming treatment with methadone — but keeping Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs) in charge — congressional lawmakers have again tried to pass a bill that would make prescriptions of methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD) available from any addiction clinician, and allow pharmacies to dispense methadone for OUD.
Treatment chain charged with fraud
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2023

The Department of Justice this month charged the operators of a chain of treatment centers for not providing (but still billing for) counseling, billing for multiple counseling sessions that didn't take place, concealing tax crimes convictions, causing identity theft and money laundering, filling fraudulent prescriptions using doctors’ names without their permission, and causing millions of dollars in fraudulent billing to Medicare and other health insurers.
An Additively Manufactured Wide Angle and Broadband Electromagnetic Camouflage Metasurface
Authors: Liang Qingxuan , Yin Haoyu , Feng Jiakun , Xu Jiahui , Yang Zhen , Duan Yubing , Li Dichen
Published: March 2023

Metasurface reveals distinguished application prospects profiting from its excellent manipulating capacity for electromagnetic (EM) wave using ultrathin thickness and the simple design method. Easy to conformal metasurface with high performance and integrated EM functions is highly in demand in many EM devices. Herein, an arched dual‐wavelength cloaking–illusion‐integrated metasurface consisting of two‐layer meta‐atoms is proposed successfully. A composite‐fused deposition molding packaging strategy of additive manufacturing is explored to fabricate the multilayer structures for metal meta‐atoms and dielectric substrates simultaneously. Simulation and measurement results show that the arched metasurface possesses polarization‐insensitive cloaking and illusion functions in 4.3–4.8 and 14.8–16.3 GHz, respectively. The effective incidence angle range covers from −45° to 45°. The excellent EM camouflage performance proves the effectiveness of our design and fabricating strategy, which paths a way for multifunctional metasurface‐based devices.
Electric Field‐Induced Microstructural Evolution in Polycrystalline Bi2O3‐Doped ZnO in Presence of a Secondary Liquid Phase
Authors: Yan Qizhang , Luo Jian
Published: March 2023

Herein, a spectrum of electric field–induced microstructural evolution phenomena are observed in polycrystalline Bi2O3‐doped ZnO, and the underlying mechanisms are revealed. An applied electric field can drive the migration of bismuth (Bi) toward the negative electrode (including the motion of the charge‐neutral Bi‐rich liquid phase via electrochemical coupling), which produces a Bi‐free zone near the anode. The field‐induced migration of Bi creates a junction between electron‐conducting ZnO and ion‐conducting Bi2O3‐doped ZnO (via Bi2O3‐enriched liquid‐like intergranular films [IGFs]), where an oxygen ion current is converted to an electron current while generating O2 gas, generating a porosity belt. Aberration‐corrected electron microscopy further reveals the formation of three distinct types of grain boundaries (GBs). “Clean” ZnO GBs are observed near the anode, where Bi is depleted by the electric field. Bi2O3‐enriched liquid‐like IGFs (disordered GBs) are observed in the middle section. Near the cathode, electrochemical reduction induces an GB disorder–order transition to form fast‐moving Bi2O3‐enriched ordered GBs, which causes abnormal grain growth. Herein, several new field–matter interaction phenomena are discovered and an exemplar of field effects on microstructural evolution are established at multiple length scales in the presence of GB complexion (phase‐like) transitions.
Principles for 2D‐Material‐Assisted Nitrides Epitaxial Growth
Authors: Chen Qi , Yang Kailai , Shi Bo , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: March 2023

Beyond traditional heteroepitaxy, 2D‐materials‐assisted epitaxy opens opportunities to revolutionize future material integration methods. However, basic principles in 2D‐material‐assisted nitrides’ epitaxy remain unclear, which impedes understanding the essence, thus hindering its progress. Here, the crystallographic information of nitrides/2D material interface is theoretically established, which is further confirmed experimentally. It is found that the atomic interaction at the nitrides/2D material interface is related to the nature of underlying substrates. For single‐crystalline substrates, the heterointerface behaves like a covalent one and the epilayer inherits the substrate's lattice. Meanwhile, for amorphous substrates, the heterointerface tends to be a van der Waals one and strongly relies on the properties of 2D materials. Therefore, modulated by graphene, the nitrides’ epilayer is polycrystalline. In contrast, single‐crystalline GaN films are successfully achieved on WS2. These results provide a suitable growth‐front construction strategy for high‐quality 2D‐material‐assisted nitrides’ epitaxy. It also opens a pathway toward various semiconductors heterointegration.
Site Diversity and Mechanism of Metal‐Exchanged Zeolite Catalyzed Non‐Oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Yuan Yong , Zhao Zhaoqi , Lobo Raul F. , Xu Bingjun
Published: March 2023

Metal‐exchanged zeolites are well‐known propane dehydrogenation (PDH) catalysts; however, the structure of the active species remains unresolved. In this review, existing PDH catalysts are first surveyed, and then the current understanding of metal‐exchanged zeolite catalysts is described in detail. The case of Ga/H‐ZSM‐5 is employed to showcase that advances in the understanding of structure–activity relations are often accompanied by technological or conceptional breakthroughs. The understanding of Ga speciation at PDH conditions has evolved owing to the advent of in situ/operando characterizations and to the realization that the local coordination environment of Ga species afforded by the zeolite support has a decisive impact on the active site structure. In situ/operando quantitative characterization of catalysts, rigorous determination of intrinsic reaction rates, and predictive computational modeling are all significant in identifying the most active structure in these complex systems. The reaction mechanism could be both intricately related to and nearly independent of the details of the assumed active structure, as in the two main proposed PDH mechanisms on Ga/H‐ZSM‐5, that is, the carbenium mechanism and the alkyl mechanism. Perspectives on potential approaches to further elucidate the active structure of metal‐exchanged zeolite catalysts and reaction mechanisms are discussed in the final section.
π Learning: A Performance‐Informed Framework for Microstructural Electrode Design
Authors: Niu Zhiqiang , Zhao Wanhui , Wu Billy , Wang Huizhi , Lin Wen‐Feng , Pinfield Valerie J. , Xuan Jin
Published: March 2023

Designing high‐performance porous electrodes is the key to next‐generation electrochemical energy devices. Current machine‐learning‐based electrode design strategies are mainly orientated toward physical properties; however, the electrochemical performance is the ultimate design objective. Performance‐orientated electrode design is challenging because the current data driven approaches do not accurately extract high‐dimensional features in complex multiphase microstructures. Herein, this work reports a novel performance‐informed deep learning framework, termed π learning, which enables performance‐informed microstructure generation, toward overall performance prediction of candidate electrodes by adding most relevant physical features into the learning process. This is achieved by integrating physics‐informed generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and with advanced multi‐physics, multi‐scale modeling of 3D porous electrodes. This work demonstrates the advantages of π learning by employing two popular design philosophies: forward and inverse designs, for the design of solid oxide fuel cells electrodes. π learning thus has the potential to unlock performance‐driven learning in the design of next generation porous electrodes for advanced electrochemical energy devices such as fuel cells and batteries.
Rape seedling density estimation in‐field conditions based on improved multi‐column convolutional neural network
Authors: Yang Hai‐Chao , Yuan Hao‐Yu , Wang Yan‐Li , Li Yi , Yin Zi‐Qin
Published: March 2023

Early‐stage rape seedling density is closely related to yield estimation, growth diagnosis, cultivated area statistics, and field management. Currently, manual sampling and counting, which are inefficient and inaccurate, are heavily relied upon to estimate rape seedling density. Computer vision techniques have emerged as a promising solution to the automation of this task, as digital images have become more commonplace. Farmland field environments, however, face many challenges, including scale variation, denseness, and background occlusion. An improved multi‐column convolutional neural network, called seedling rape density prediction network (SRDPNet), has been proposed in this study to resolve the issues related to accurate density estimation and counting of rape seedlings in complex farmland scenarios. Based on the multi‐column convolutional attention encoder, filters of different sizes are used to capture the basic feature of rape seedlings at various scales. The channel attention and position attention modules are introduced into branches to alleviate the impact of low counting accuracy caused by background error and growth state differences. The SRDPNet was validated using the seedling rapeseed plant counting (SRPC) dataset created in this study. The experimental results showed that the SRDPNet demonstrated high accurate counting performance for the SRPC dataset with a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.97396) and mean absolute error (MAE = 3.26, mean square error = 4.56), which are superior to that of the comparison method. SRDPNet can effectively solve the visual challenges of rape seedlings in complex farmland scenes and improve the robustness for complex visual variations.
Monitoring Cardiac Biomarkers with Aptamer‐Based Molecular Pendulum Sensors
Authors: Mahmud Alam , Chang Dingran , Das Jagotamoy , Gomis Surath , Foroutan Farid , Chen Jenise B. , Pandey Laxman , Flynn Connor D. , Yousefi Hanie , Geraili Armin , Ross Heather J. , Sargent Edward H. , Kelley Shana O.
Published: March 2023

Reagent‐free electronic biosensors capable of analyzing disease markers directly in unprocessed body fluids will enable the development of simple & affordable devices for personalized healthcare monitoring. Here we report a powerful and versatile nucleic acid‐based reagent‐free electronic sensing system. The signal transduction is based on the kinetics of an electrode‐tethered molecular pendulum—a rigid double stranded DNA with one of the strands displaying an analyte‐binding aptamer and the other featuring a redox probe—that exhibits field‐induced transport modulated by receptor occupancy. Using chronoamperometry, which enables the sensor to circumvent the conventional Debye length limitation, the binding of an analyte can be monitored as these species increase the hydrodynamic drag. The sensing platform demonstrates a low femtomolar quantification limit and minimal cross‐reactivity in analyzing cardiac biomarkers in whole blood collected from patients with chronic heart failure.
Cascade Synthesis of Benzotriazulene with Three Embedded Azulene Units and Large Stokes Shifts
Authors: Liang Yimin , Wang Shangshang , Tang Min , Wu Lin , Bian Lifang , Jiang Liang , Tang Zheng‐Bin , Liu Jiali , Guan Aocong , Liu Zhichang
Published: March 2023

We report here the one‐pot synthesis of benzo[1,2‐a : 3,4‐a′ : 5,6‐a′′]triazulene (BTA), wherein three azulene units are embedded through a tandem reaction comprising two steps, Suzuki coupling and Knoevenagel condensation, between a readily available triborylated truxene precursor and 8‐bromo‐1‐naphthaldehyde. Its nitration leads to a regioselective trinitrated product, namely, BTA‐NO2. Single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography revealed that the superstructure of BTA consists of a dimer stacked by two enantiomeric helicene conformers, while that of BTA‐NO2 consists of an unprecedented π‐tetramer stacked from two enantiomeric dimers, that is, four distinct helicene conformers. Both compounds show excellent stability and fluorescence with large Stokes shifts of up to 5100 cm−1. In addition, BTA‐NO2 exhibits a unique solvatochromic effect in different solvents and hydrogen‐bonding‐induced emission transfer in different ratios of THF/H2O solutions.
Unsupervised Learning‐Guided Accelerated Discovery of Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells
Authors: Zou Xiuyang , Xu Guodong , Fang Pengda , Li Weizheng , Jin Zhiyu , Guo Siyu , Hu Yin , Li Meisheng , Pan Ji , Sun Zhe , Yan Feng
Published: March 2023

Without insight into the correlation between the structure and properties, anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for fuel cells are developed usually using the empirical trial and error method or simulation methods. Here, a virtual module compound enumeration screening (V‐MCES) approach, which does not require the establishment of expensive training databases and can search the chemical space containing more than 4.2×105 candidates was proposed. The accuracy of the V‐MCES model was considerably improved when the model was combined with supervised learning for the feature selection of molecular descriptors. Techniques from V‐MCES, correlating the molecular structures of the AEMs with the predicted chemical stability, generated a ranking list of potential high stability AEMs. Under the guidance of V‐MCES, highly stable AEMs were synthesized. With understanding of AEM structure and performance by machine learning, AEM science may enter a new era of unprecedented levels of architectural design.
Visible Light Conjugation with Triazolinediones as a Route to Degradable Poly(ethylene glycol)–Lipids for mRNA Lipid Nanoparticle Formulation
Authors: Golba Bianka , Soete Matthieu , Zhong Zifu , Sanders Niek , Du Prez Filip E. , Houck Hannes A. , De Geest Bruno G.
Published: March 2023

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is considered as the gold standard for colloidal stabilization of nanomedicines, yet PEG is non‐degradable and lacks functionality on the backbone. Herein, we introduce concomitantly PEG backbone functionality and degradability via a one‐step modification with 1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐diones (TAD) under green light. The TAD‐PEG conjugates are degradable in aqueous medium under physiological conditions, with the rate of hydrolysis depending on pH and temperature. Subsequently, a PEG‐lipid is modified with TAD‐derivatives and successfully used for messenger RNA (mRNA) lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery, thereby improving mRNA transfection efficiency on multiple cell cultures in vitro. In vivo, in mice, mRNA LNP formulation exhibited a similar tissue distribution as common LNPs, with a slight decrease in transfection efficiency. Our findings pave the road towards the design of degradable, backbone‐functionalized PEG for applications in nanomedicine and beyond.
Electrochemical CaC2‐Mediated Conversion of Biochar to C2H2: High Carbon Efficiency and Low Contamination
Authors: Zhang Jichen , Wang Zhiyong , Bennaceur Salima , Jin Xianbo
Published: March 2023

The carbon to CaC2 route is promising to provide a sustainable elementary unit, C2H2, for the organic synthesis industry, but the traditional thermal reaction process suffers from low carbon efficiency, harmful gas contamination, high temperature operation, and risky CO management. We herein report a high carbon efficiency (ca. 100 %) conversion of biochar to C2H2 through an electrolytic synthesis of solid CaC2 in molten CaCl2/KCl/CaO at 973 K. The main reactions are carbon reduction to CaC2 at the solid carbon cathode and oxygen evolution at an inert anode. Meanwhile, the electrolysis removes S and P from the solid cathode, avoiding the formation of CaS and Ca3P2 in CaC2 and consequently eliminating H2S and PH3 contamination in the finally produced C2H2.
Switching Quantum Interference in Single‐Molecule Junctions by Mechanical Tuning
Authors: Zhu Yixuan , Zhou Yu , Ren Lu , Ye Jingyao , Wang Haichuan , Liu Xinyuan , Huang Ruiyun , Liu Haojie , Liu Junyang , Shi Jia , Gao Peng , Hong Wenjing
Published: March 2023

The charge transport through single‐molecule electronic devices can be controlled mechanically by changing the molecular geometrical configuration in situ, but the tunable conductance range is typically less than two orders of magnitude. Herein, we proposed a new mechanical tuning strategy to control the charge transport through the single‐molecule junctions via switching quantum interference patterns. By designing molecules with multiple anchoring groups, we switched the electron transport between the constructive quantum interference (CQI) pathway and the destructive quantum interference (DQI) pathway, and more than four orders of magnitude conductance variation can be achieved by shifting the electrodes in a range of about 0.6 nm, which is the highest conductance range ever achieved using mechanical tuning.
Missing‐Linker‐Confined Single‐Atomic Pt Nanozymes for Enzymatic Theranostics of Tumor
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Zhang Lei , Wang Changlai , Cheng Zhiyu , Zheng Wei , Xu Pengping , Chen Qianwang , Zhao Yanli
Published: March 2023

Conventional nanozymes often possess low active site density. Pursuing effective strategies for constructing highly active single‐atomic nanosystems with maximum atom utilization efficiency is exceptionally attractive. Herein, we develop a facile “missing‐linker‐confined coordination” strategy to fabricate two self‐assembled nanozymes, i.e., conventional nanozyme (NE) and single‐atomic nanozyme (SAE), which respectively consist of Pt nanoparticles and single Pt atoms as active catalytic sites anchored in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with encapsulated photosensitizers for catalase‐mimicking enhanced photodynamic therapy. Compared to a Pt nanoparticle‐based conventional nanozyme, a Pt single‐atomic nanozyme shows enhanced catalase‐mimicking activity in generating oxygen for overcoming tumor hypoxia, thus exhibiting a more efficient reactive oxygen species generation and high tumor inhibition rate.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Isodesmic C−H Iodination of Phenylacetic Weinreb Amides
Authors: Wang Hang , Zhou Chunlin , Gao Zezhong , Li Shangda , Li Gang
Published: March 2023

Isodesmic reactions represent mild alternatives to other chemical transformations that require harsh oxidizing agents or highly reactive intermediates. However, enantioselective isodesmic C−H functionalization is unknown and enantioselective direct iodination of inert C−H bond is very rare. Rapid synthesis of chiral aromatic iodides is of significant importance for synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report an unprecedented highly enantioselective isodesmic C−H functionalization to access chiral iodinated phenylacetic Weinreb amides via desymmetrization and kinetic resolution with PdII catalysis. Importantly, further transformations of the enantioenriched products are readily available at the iodinated or the Weinreb amide position, paving the way of related studies for synthetic and medicinal chemists.
Two‐Step Redox in Polyimide: Witness by In Situ Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Bai Yunfei , Wang Zhen , Qin Ning , Ma Detian , Fu Wenbin , Lu Zhouguang , Pan Xiaobo
Published: March 2023

Organic materials are promising candidates for future rechargeable batteries, owing to their high natural abundance and rapidly redox reaction. Elaborating the charge/discharge process of organic electrode is critical to unveil the fundamental redox mechanism of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), but monitoring of this process is still challenging. Here, we report a nondestructive electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique to real‐time detect the electron migration step within polyimide cathode. From in situ EPR tests, we vividly observe a classical redox reaction along with two‐electron transfer which only shows one pair of peaks in the cyclic voltammetry curve. The radical anion and dianion intermediates are detailed delineation at redox sites in EPR spectra, which can be further confirmed through density functional theory calculations. This approach is especially crucial to elaborate the correlation behind electrochemical and molecular structure for multistep organic‐based LIBs.
Biotransformation of ethylene glycol to glycolic acid by Yarrowia lipolytica: A route for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) upcycling
Authors: Carniel Adriano , Santos Ariane Gaspar , Chinelatto Luiz Silvino , Castro Aline M. , Coelho Maria Alice Zarur
Published: March 2023

Biological recycling of PET waste has been extensively investigated recently to tackle plastic waste pollution, and ethylene glycol (EG) is one of the main building blocks recovered from this process. Wild‐type Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682 can be a biocatalyst to biodepolymerize PET. Herein, we report its ability to perform oxidative biotransformation of EG into glycolic acid (GA): a higher value‐added chemical with varied industrial applications. We found that this yeast tolerates high EG concentrations (up to 2 M) based on maximum non‐inhibitory concentration (MNIC) tests. Whole‐cell biotransformation assays using resting yeast cells showed GA production uncoupled to cell growth metabolism, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis confirmed GA production. Moreover, higher agitation speed (450 vs. 350 rpm) resulted in a 1.12‐fold GA production improvement (from 352 to 429.5 mM) during Y. lipolytica cultivation in bioreactors after 72 h. GA was constantly accumulated in the medium, suggesting that this yeast may also share an incomplete oxidation pathway (i.e., it is not metabolized to carbon dioxide) as seen in acetic acid bacterial group. Additional assays using higher chain‐length diols (1,3‐propanediol, 1,4‐butanediol, and 1,6‐hexanediol) revealed that C4 and C6 diols were more cytotoxic, suggesting that they underwent different pathways in the cells. We found that this yeast consumed extensively all these diols, however, 13C NMR analysis from supernatant identified solely the presence of 4‐hydroxybutanoic acid from 1,4‐butanediol, along with GA from EG oxidation. Findings reported herein reveal a potential route for PET upcycling to a higher value‐added product.
How the pandemic altered Americans' debt burden and retirement readiness
Authors: Hasler Andrea , Lusardi Annamaria , Mitchell Olivia S.
Published: March 2023

This article analyzes Americans' perceptions of being debt‐constrained. We focus on which population subgroups reported feeling most debt‐constrained, how this perception was impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic, and how it relates to financial literacy and retirement readiness. To this end, we analyze two datasets, namely the 2020 and 2021 TIAA Institute‐GFLEC Personal Finance Index files (P‐Fin Index). The evidence shows that, prior to and during the pandemic, one in three American adults felt constrained by their debt. The percentage was even higher among vulnerable subgroups such as Black and Hispanic individuals, those lacking a bachelor's degree, those with lower incomes, and those with low levels of financial literacy. Being debt‐constrained also has long‐term financial consequences, as it is negatively linked to planning and saving for retirement. Finally, we show that financial literacy has a strong connection to both debt and retirement money management, confirming that financial knowledge is essential if people are to be able to manage their debt and build financial well‐being.
Guidelines for Evaluating the Hygienic Design of Confectionery Machines
Authors: Lörcher Marc , Diekmann Ralf , Golz Peter , Kolb Gudrun , Pruß Katherina , Eckermann Burkhard , Pickenhahn Frank
Published: March 2023

Der Verbraucherschutz ist eines der wichtigsten Kriterien innerhalb der industriellen Lebensmittelherstellung. In der Maschinenrichtlinie und in der DIN EN 1672‐2:2021‐05 finden sich allgemeine Anforderungen für eine hygienegerechte Gestaltung und Reinigbarkeit von Nahrungsmittelmaschinen. Dennoch kommt es vor, dass Maschinen oder Ausrüstungsteile eingesetzt werden, die nicht für die zu verarbeitenden Produkte geeignet sind. Die Folgen daraus reichen bis hin zu einem öffentlichen Rückruf von Produkten mit einem entsprechenden Image‐Schaden für den Lebensmittelhersteller. Der Arbeitskreis aus Maschinenherstellern und Süßwarenunternehmen im IVLV hat sich auf Ebene des Verbandes im Rahmen eines vorwettbewerblichen Austausches mit der Problematik auseinandergesetzt und einen Handlungsleitfaden sowie unterstützende Formblätter für den Beschaffungsprozess von Süßwarenmaschinen unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Hygiene erarbeitet.
Transcriptomic analysis of mosaic brain differentiation underlying complex division of labor in a social insect
Authors: Muratore Isabella Benter , Mullen Sean Patrick , Traniello James Francis Anthony
Published: March 2023

Concerted developmental programming may constrain changes in component structures of the brain, thus limiting the ability of selection to form an adaptive mosaic of size‐variable brain compartments independent of total brain size or body size. Measuring patterns of gene expression underpinning brain scaling in conjunction with anatomical brain atlases can aid in identifying influences of concerted and/or mosaic evolution. Species exhibiting exceptional size and behavioral polyphenisms provide excellent systems to test predictions of brain evolution models by quantifying brain gene expression. We examined patterns of brain gene expression in a remarkably polymorphic and behaviorally complex social insect, the leafcutter antAtta cephalotes. The majority of significant differential gene expression observed among three morphologically, behaviorally, and neuroanatomically differentiated worker size groups was attributable to body size. However, we also found evidence of differential brain gene expression unexplained by worker morphological variation and transcriptomic analysis identified patterns not linearly correlated with worker size but sometimes mirroring neuropil scaling. Additionally, we identified enriched gene ontology terms associated with nucleic acid regulation, metabolism, neurotransmission, and sensory perception, further supporting a relationship between brain gene expression, brain mosaicism, and worker labor role. These findings demonstrate that differential brain gene expression among polymorphic workers underpins behavioral and neuroanatomical differentiation associated with complex agrarian division of labor inA. cephalotes.
PSAK: A provably secure authenticated key agreement scheme based on extended Chebyshev chaotic maps for smart grid environments
Authors: Wang Cong , Li Xiaohang , Ma Maode , Zhou Tong , Xu Guangquan , Xiong Naixue , Zhang Yiying
Published: March 2023

Smart grid (SG) has attracted great attention for its reliability, sustainability, and efficiency, which uses artificial intelligence technology, automation technology, and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In SG, it is crucial to set up a secure communication between an Aggregator (AG) and a Smart Meter (SM) to achieve mutual authentication and key agreement. However, most previous authentication and key management solutions have their own shortcomings in either security or efficiency, which make them difficult to satisfy the security requirements of SG. In this paper, in order to balance the security and efficiency, we propose an efficient and provably secure authenticated key agreement scheme based on the extended Chebyshev chaotic maps for SG environments. The AG and SM can conduct a mutual authentication and key agreement process by applying the extended Chebyshev polynomial operations to reduce the total calculation delay. The proposed scheme provides anonymity protection for SMs to achieve perfect forward secrecy and can resist to the typical attacks including replay attacks and identity forgery attacks by informal security analysis. The security properties are evaluated by using the Canetti and Krawczyk (CK) adversary model. The performance comparison demonstrates that the proposed scheme is efficient and the required security attributes are not compromised.
Geology, geochemistry and genesis of the Suolong gold deposit in the West Qinling Orogen, Gansu Province, China
Authors: Xue Rongsen , Liu Jiajun , Carranza Emmanuel John M. , Liu Tianhang , Zhao Delong
Published: March 2023

The Suolong gold deposit is in the eastern part of the Min‐Li metallogenic belt within the West Qinling Orogen. It is hosted in Lower Permian sandstone and siltstone. The gold mineralization is fault‐ and joint‐controlled. Four hydrothermal stages of mineralization, including the sulphide‐quartz stage, the arsenian pyrite‐quartz stage, the polymetallic sulphide‐quartz‐carbonate stage and the sulphide‐carbonate stage, were identified. Here we report results from fluid inclusion studies and C‐H‐O‐S‐Pb isotopes to get insight into the characteristics of mineralization and ore genesis. Fluid inclusion results indicate that the ore‐forming temperatures and salinities were in the range from 135 to 419°C and 0.18 to 15.27 wt.%, respectively. The δ34S values of pyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite varied in the 5.3‰–11.4‰ range, suggesting that sulphur originated from stratum sulphur. Lead isotopic compositions of sulphide (206Pb/204Pb = 18.344–18.418, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.628–15.701, 208Pb/204Pb = 38.508–38.743) indicate an upper crust source for Pb. The δ18OH2O‐SMOW and δDSMOW values range from 1.01‰ to 10.31‰ and −116.0‰ to −29.2‰, respectively, indicating that metamorphic water was the source of ore‐forming fluids. The δ13CPDB values (−11.4 to −2.1‰) show that the carbon in the ore‐forming fluids originated predominantly from a deep source. Our data suggest that the Suolong gold deposit is an orogenic gold deposit related to the subduction of an oceanic plate along the Mianlue belt.
Numerical analysis on the heat and mass transfer MHD flow characteristics of nanofluid on an inclined spinning disk with heat absorption and chemical reaction
Authors: Shankar Goud B. , Yanala Dharmendar Reddy , Wakif Abderrahim
Published: March 2023

This work examines the heat transfer properties of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow. Through a similarity conversion, the leading structure of partial differential equations is changed to that of ordinary differential equations. A rigorous mathematical bvp4c methodology is used to generate numerical results. The purpose of this study is to characterize the different temperature, concentration, and velocity limitations on a nanofluid with a magnetic effect that is spinning. The findings for rotating nanofluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanoparticles are shown using graphs and tables. The influence of physical factors such as heat transfer rates and skin friction coefficients is studied. When the magnetic parameter M is raised, the velocity of the nanoliquid decreases. A rise in thermal radiation (Rd) causes the temperature graphs to grow substantially, although the concentration profiles exhibit the opposite tendency. The effect of the convective heat transfer factor Bi on temperature is shown to increase as Bi increases, but the concentration distribution decreases as Biot increases.
Independent and joint associations of general and abdominal obesity with the risk of conventional adenomas and serrated polyps: A large population‐based study in East Asia
Authors: Bai Hao , Xu Zenghao , Li Jiayu , Zhang Xiaocong , Gao Kai , Fei Xinglin , Yang Jinhua , Li Qilong , Qian Sangni , Zhang Wanting , Gao Xiangrong , Tang Mengling , Wang Jianbing , Chen Kun , Jin Mingjuan
Published: March 2023

Evidence regarding associations of general and abdominal obesity with the risk of conventional adenomas (ADs) and serrated polyps (SPs) from Asian population is scarce. Our study aimed to investigate the independent and joint associations of general obesity assessed by body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity assessed by waist circumference (WC) or waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) with the risk of ADs and SPs among 25 222 participants recruited by a population‐based screening program. Compared to participants with normal BMI, those with a BMI ≥28 kg/m2 had increased risk of ADs (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36‐1.70) and SPs (OR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.38‐2.07). For participants with a WC ≥102 cm (≥88 cm for females), the risk of ADs (OR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.25‐1.51) and SPs (OR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.52‐2.16) was higher than that of the reference group. For participants with a WHR ≥0.95 (≥0.90 for females), the risk of ADs (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.16‐1.36) and SPs (OR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.26‐1.69) was higher than that of the reference group. Moreover, participants with both BMI ≥28 kg/m2 and WC ≥102 cm (≥88 cm for females) had 61% and 119% higher risk of ADs (OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.39‐1.85) and SPs (OR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.70‐2.82) compared to those with both normal BMI and WC. These findings indicate that both general and abdominal obesity are associated with SPs and ADs, presenting stronger association with SPs than ADs. Moreover, the association is more evident when both obesities exist.
Parent–adolescent reminiscing and youth psychopathology: A cross‐sectional and longitudinal investigation
Authors: Dewhirst Mary N. , Hammond Matt D. , Salmon Karen
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Robust research links qualities of parent–child discussions about past emotion‐laden events to socioemotional development and broader psychological outcomes during childhood. The role of parent–adolescent reminiscing in adolescent psychological adjustment, however, has received less attention, despite adolescence being a time of heightened vulnerability for the development of internalizing symptoms. In the current multimethod study, we investigated cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between the qualities of conversations between mothers and adolescents (ages 13–16) and adolescents' internalizing problems.

Methods

Participants were 67 mother–adolescent dyads (total N = 134, 58.8% of youth identified as female) located across regions of New Zealand/Aotearoa. Each dyad discussed a past shared conflict, coded for supportive and unsupportive reminiscing conversational qualities with an adapted dyadic coding scheme. Youth internalizing symptoms were assessed at two‐time points, 12‐month apart.

Results

Dyadic structural equation modeling analyzed cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between conversational qualities and adolescents' internalizing problems. Findings indicated concurrent associations between unsupportive mother–adolescent reminiscing qualities and heightened youth anxiety symptoms: Specifically, mothers' avoidance and lower levels of emotion discussion and adolescents' emotional disengagement were linked to greater youth anxiety symptoms. Moreover, increases in youth anxiety symptoms 12 months later were weaker for youth who engaged in greater levels of the supportive reminiscing qualities of balanced emotion discussion and active problem‐solving.

Conclusions

These novel findings highlight the transactional nature and complex dynamics of reminiscing during adolescence and their relationship with youth mental health, which has implications for theory and clinical practice.
Delivering effective combined treatments in mental health settings with difficult‐to‐treat patients: A bipolar case study illustrating the role of teamwork and other mediators
Authors: Scherb Elena , Kerman Bernardo
Published: March 2023

Even in well‐delivered treatments, a significant proportion of patients with severe diagnoses will not achieve sustained remission. For example, research demonstrates that in Bipolar II disorder, while psychological interventions combined with pharmacotherapy yield much better results than pharmacotherapy alone, relapse rates remain very high. In this article, we show the successful treatment of Mrs. C., who was diagnosed with Bipolar II disorder and fell into the non‐responders. The treatment integrated a novel approach grounded on a cognitive‐behavioral theory with a systemic perspective. The psychotherapist, the psychiatrist, and a family therapist composed the teamwork and delivered the treatment in three phases. In the first phase, the psychotherapist conjointly with the psychiatrist aimed at reducing symptoms. In the second phase, the psychotherapist and the family therapist addressed the dysfunctional relationship patterns that negatively reinforced emotional dysregulation. Finally, in the third phase, the aim was to consolidate the achievements, changes, and good outcomes.
Evaluation of the potential removal of phosphate using rice husk ash‐derived zeolite NaP1
Authors: Tran‐Nguyen Phuong Lan , Ly Kim‐Phung , Nguyen Thanh‐Ty , Santoso Shella Permatasari , Tran Nguyen‐Phuong‐Dung , Angkawijaya Artik Elisa , Yuliana Maria , Nguyen Minh‐Nhut , Thi‐Tran‐Anh Tuan
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Zeolite NaP1 with high crystalline intensity and good shape has been synthesized by utilizing rice husk ash. Several factors related to the formation of zeolite, such as mixing ratios, aging time, and reaction time, were investigated. Furthermore, the potential phosphate adsorption of the optimal synthesized zeolite was evaluated.

RESULTS

Under the optimal conditions (SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio = 4.0, NaOH concentration = 1.5 M, aging time = 12 h, and reaction time = 8 h), the surface area and pore diameter of the zeolite NaP1 obtained were 50 m2 g−1 and 40.77 Å, respectively. By varying the aging and reaction times, zeolite NaP1 with different surface areas could be created. Specifically, reducing the aging time and reaction time result in zeolite NaP1 with a lower surface area. The adsorption efficiency and adsorption capacity of the optimal synthesized zeolite NaP1 were 38.67% and 19.97 mg g−1, respectively, at pH 6.0, with an initial phosphate concentration of 100 mg L−1, an adsorbent dosage of 2 g L−1, and a contact time of 120 min. The data are well described under the Temkin and Redlich‐Peterson models, with the correlation coefficients of 0.991 and 0.995, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Langmuir model reached 19.053 mg g−1.

CONCLUSION

The main contribution of this work is the direct use of rice husk ash without pretreatment to generate high crystalline zeolite NaP1 in a shorter time. The phosphate ion removal efficiency by zeolite NaP1 may be further improved by functionalizing zeolite surfaces and expanding its other applications. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Safety and efficacy of double plasma molecular adsorption system with sequential low‐volume plasma exchange in intermediate‐stage hepatitis B virus‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Xu Wenxiong , Zhu Shu , Yang Luo , Li Zhipeng , Wu Lina , Zhang Yeqiong , Chen Jia , Deng Zhexuan , Luo Qiumin , Peng Liang
Published: March 2023

Current evidence suggests that the mortality rate of intermediate‐stage hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) remains high. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of double plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS) with sequential low‐volume plasma exchange (LPE) treatment in intermediate‐stage HBV‐related ACLF. This prospective study recruited intermediate‐stage HBV‐related ACLF patients and was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 04597164). Eligible patients were randomly divided into a trial group and a control group. Patients in both groups received comprehensive medical treatment. Patients in the trial group further received DPMAS with sequential LPE. Data were recorded from baseline to Week 12. Fifty patients with intermediate‐stage HBV‐related ACLF were included in this study. The incidence of bleeding events and allergic reactions in the trial group was 12% and 4%, respectively, with no other treatment‐related adverse events. The levels of total bilirubin and prothrombin time‐international normalized ratio, and model for end‐stage liver disease scores after each session of DPMAS with sequential LPE were significantly lower than those before treatment (all p < 0.05). The 12‐week cumulative liver transplantation‐free survival rates in the trial and control groups were 52% and 24%, respectively (p = 0.041). The 12‐week cumulative overall survival rates in the trial and control groups were 64% and 36%, respectively (p = 0.048). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed significant differences in liver transplantation‐free survival (p = 0.047) and overall survival (p = 0.038) between the trial and control groups. Cox regression analysis indicated that blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.038), DPMAS with sequential LPE (p = 0.048), and Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B‐ACLF II score (p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for mortality. DPMAS with sequential LPE treatment is safe and effective for patients with intermediate‐stage HBV‐related ACLF.
Repurposing of the antibiotic nitroxoline for the treatment of mpox
Authors: Bojkova Denisa , Zöller Nadja , Tietgen Manuela , Steinhorst Katja , Bechtel Marco , Rothenburger Tamara , Kandler Joshua D. , Schneider Julia , Corman Victor M. , Ciesek Sandra , Rabenau Holger F. , Wass Mark N. , Kippenberger Stefan , Göttig Stephan , Michaelis Martin , Cinatl Jindrich
Published: March 2023

The antiviral drugs tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir are considered for mpox (monkeypox) treatment despite a lack of clinical evidence. Moreover, their use is affected by toxic side‐effects (brincidofovir, cidofovir), limited availability (tecovirimat), and potentially by resistance formation. Hence, additional, readily available drugs are needed. Here, therapeutic concentrations of nitroxoline, a hydroxyquinoline antibiotic with a favourable safety profile in humans, inhibited the replication of 12 mpox virus isolates from the current outbreak in primary cultures of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts and a skin explant model by interference with host cell signalling. Tecovirimat, but not nitroxoline, treatment resulted in rapid resistance development. Nitroxoline remained effective against the tecovirimat‐resistant strain and increased the anti‐mpox virus activity of tecovirimat and brincidofovir. Moreover, nitroxoline inhibited bacterial and viral pathogens that are often co‐transmitted with mpox. In conclusion, nitroxoline is a repurposing candidate for the treatment of mpox due to both antiviral and antimicrobial activity.
Net clinical benefit of oral anticoagulants in Korean atrial fibrillation patients with low to intermediate stroke risk: A report from the Clinical Survey on Stroke Prevention in patients with Atrial Fibrillation (CS‐SPAF)
Authors: Jung Moonki , Byeon Kyeongmin , Kang Ki‐Woon , Lee Wang‐Soo , Kim Sang Wook , Park Yae Min , Hwang You Mi , Lee Sung Ho , Jin Eun‐Sun , Roh Seung‐Young , Kim Jin Seok , Ahn Jinhee , Lee So‐Ryoung , Choi Eue‐Keun , Ahn Min‐Soo , Lee Eun Mi , Park Hwan‐Cheol , Lee Ki Hong , Kim Min , Choi Joon Hyouk , Ko Jum Suk , Kim Jin Bae , Kim Changsoo , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Shin Seung Yong ,   the Clinical Survey on Stroke Prevention in patients with Atrial Fibrillation (CS‐SPAF) Investigators
Published: March 2023

Background

The balance of stroke risk reduction and potential bleeding risk associated with antithrombotic treatment (ATT) remains unclear in atrial fibrillation (AF) at non‐gender CHA2DS2‐VASc scores 0–1. A net clinical benefit (NCB) analysis of ATT may guide stroke prevention strategies in AF with non‐gender CHA2DS2‐VASc scores 0–1.

Methods

This multi‐center cohort study evaluated the clinical outcomes of treatment with a single antiplatelet (SAPT), vitamin K antagonist (VKA), and non‐VKA oral anticoagulant (NOAC) in non‐gender CHA2DS2‐VASc score 0–1 and further stratified by biomarker‐based ABCD score (Age [≥60 years], B‐type natriuretic peptide [BNP] or N‐terminal pro‐BNP [≥300 pg/mL], creatinine clearance [<50 mL/min], and dimension of the left atrium [≥45 mm]). The primary outcome was the NCB of ATT, including composite thrombotic events (ischemic stroke, systemic embolism, and myocardial infarction) and major bleeding events.

Results

We included 2465 patients (age 56.2 ± 9.5 years; female 27.0%) followed‐up for 4.0 ± 2.8 years, of whom 661 (26.8%) were treated with SAPT; 423 (17.2%) with VKA; and 1040 (42.2%) with NOAC. With detailed risk stratification using the ABCD score, NOAC showed a significant positive NCB compared with the other ATTs (SAPT vs. NOAC, NCB 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–4.66; VKA vs. NOAC, NCB 2.38, 95% CI 0.56–5.40) in ABCD score ≥1. ATT failed to show a positive NCB in patients with truly low stroke risk (ABCD score = 0).

Conclusions

In the Korean AF cohort at non‐gender CHA2DS2‐VASc scores 0–1, NOAC showed significant NCB advantages over VKA or SAPT with ABCD score ≥1.