bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence about art-based interventions for Indigenous people: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Motta-Ochoa Rossio , Patenaude David , Barbe-Welzel Monika Andrea , Incio-Serra Natalia , Audeoud Esmé Renée , Gómez-Rendón Angélica , Flores-Aranda Jorge
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Indigenous people experience a unique set of health inequalities and social determinants that can negatively affect their physical health, mental health and wellness. This critical state of affairs is compounded by the limited availability of culturally appropriate care services and treatments for the different groups. In response, increasing numbers of studies are turning their focus to art-based interventions and how these might benefit Indigenous lives. The proposed scoping review aims to map this growing field of research.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review is based on the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework and the subsequent enhancements proposed by Levacet al. Academic databases and grey literature sources will be searched to identify appropriate studies for inclusion. The search strategies of all databases were tested on 25 April 2024. This will be followed by a two-step screening process to be conducted by two researchers and consisting of (1) a title and abstract review and (2) a full-text review. Data from the selected studies will be extracted, collated and charted to summarise all relevant interventions, their outcomes and key findings. An Indigenous research partner will be hired as a consultant, and the research will be further informed by other stakeholders.

Ethics and dissemination

This study is the first step in a research programme involving working with Indigenous artists to codesign a pilot art-based intervention aimed at improving mental health and wellness among Indigenous people. The scoping review will identify the specific components in documented art-based interventions that have proven beneficial to this group. Since it will draw exclusively on data from published and public sources, no ethics approval is required. The results will be disseminated through knowledge translation activities with Indigenous organisations and art therapy groups; a summary of the results will also be distributed through Indigenous networks.
Effect of intraocular pressure reduction on progressive high myopia (PHM study): study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Jingwen , Lin Tingting , Lin Fengbin , Kong Kangjie , Wang Peiyuan , Song Yunhe , Zhou Fengqi , Wang Zhenyu , Jin Ling , Liu Yuhong , Gao Xinbo , Chen Jinmei , Chen Meiling , Lam Dennis S C , Jonas Jost B , Chen Shida , Zhang Xiulan
Published: June 2024

Background

In adult patients with high myopia (HM), progressive axial elongation poses a significant risk for the development of subsequent ocular complications that may lead to visual impairment. Effective strategies to reduce or prevent further axial elongation in highly myopic adult patients have not been available so far. Recent studies suggested that medically lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) may reduce axial elongation.

Objective

This clinical randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to evaluate the efficacy of medical IOP reduction in adult patients with progressive HM (PHM).

Trial design

Single-centre, open-label, prospective RCT.

Methods

This RCT will recruit 152 participants with PHM at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (ZOC). Randomised in a ratio of 1:1, participants will receive IOP-lowering eyedrops (intervention group) or will be followed without treatment (control group) for 12 months. Follow-up visits will be conducted at 1, 6 and 12 months after baseline. Only one eye per eligible participant will be included for analysis. The primary outcome is the change in axial length (AL) within the study period of 12 months. Secondary outcomes include the incidence and progression of visual field (VF) defects, changes in optic disc morphology and incidence and progression of myopic maculopathy. Difference in AL changes between the two groups will be analysed using linear regression analysis. For the secondary outcomes, a multifactor Poisson regression within a generalised linear model will be used to estimate the relative risk of progression in VF defects and myopic maculopathy, and the rate of thinning in retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform will be assessed through Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests.

Ethics and dissemination

Full ethics approval for this trial has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of ZOC, Sun Yat-sen University, China (ID: 2023KYPJ110). Results of this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

NCT05850936.
Antenatal cardiotocography in primary midwife-led care: a budget impact analysis
Authors: Neppelenbroek Elise , Jornada Ben Ângela , Nij Bijvank Bas S W A , Bosmans Judith E , Groenen Carola J M , Jonge Ank de , Verhoeven Corine J M
Published: June 2024

Objectives

In many countries, the healthcare sector is dealing with important challenges such as increased demand for healthcare services, capacity problems in hospitals and rising healthcare costs. Therefore, one of the aims of the Dutch government is to move care from in-hospital to out-of-hospital care settings. An example of an innovation where care is moved from a more specialised setting to a less specialised setting is the performance of an antenatal cardiotocography (aCTG) in primary midwife-led care. The aim of this study was to assess the budget impact of implementing aCTG for healthy pregnant women in midwife-led care compared with usual obstetrician-led care in the Netherlands.

Methods

A budget impact analysis was conducted to estimate the actual costs and reimbursement of aCTG performed in midwife-led care and obstetrician-led care (ie, base-case analysis) from the Dutch healthcare perspective. Epidemiological and healthcare utilisation data describing both care pathways were obtained from a prospective cohort, survey and national databases. Different implementation rates of aCTG in midwife-led care were explored. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted to estimate the uncertainty surrounding the budget impact estimates.

Results

Shifting aCTG from obstetrician-led care to midwife-led-care would increase actual costs with €311 763 (97.5% CI €188 574 to €426 072) and €1 247 052 (97.5% CI €754 296 to €1 704 290) for implementation rates of 25% and 100%, respectively, while it would decrease reimbursement with −€7 538 335 (97.5% CI −€10 302 306 to −€4 559 661) and −€30 153 342 (97.5% CI −€41 209 225 to −€18 238 645) for implementation rates of 25% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis results were consistent with those of the main analysis.

Conclusions

From the Dutch healthcare perspective, we estimated that implementing aCTG in midwife-led care may increase the associated actual costs. At the same time, it might lower the healthcare reimbursement.
Preclinical testing of expired antivenoms and its uses in real-world experience: a systematic review
Authors: Soopairin Sutinee , Patikorn Chanthawat , Taychakhoonavudh Suthira
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Limited access to antivenoms is a global challenge in treating snakebite envenoming. In emergency situations where non-expired antivenoms are not readily available, expired antivenoms may be used to save lives with the risk of deteriorating quality, efficacy and safety. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review and summarise the sparse preclinical evidence of neutralising efficacy of expired antivenoms and real-world experience of using expired antivenoms in humans.

Methods

We searched for articles published until 1 March 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase. Studies demonstrating the preclinical studies evaluating expired antivenoms or studies describing the real-world experience of using expired antivenoms were included. Narrative synthesis was applied to summarise the evidence of expired antivenoms.

Results

Fifteen studies were included. Ten were preclinical studies and five were real-world experiences of using expired antivenoms in humans. The expired duration of antivenoms in the included studies ranged from 2 months to 20 years. The quality of expired antivenoms was evaluated in one study, and they met the standard quality tests. Five studies demonstrated that the expired antivenoms’ immunological concentration and venom-binding activity were comparable to non-expired ones but could gradually deteriorate after expiration. Studies consistently exhibited that expired antivenoms, compared with non-expired antivenoms, were effective when stored in proper storage conditions. The safety profile of using expired antivenoms was reported in two included studies. However, it was inconclusive due to limited information.

Conclusion

Even though the quality and efficacy of expired antivenoms are comparable to non-expired antivenoms in preclinical studies, the information is limited in terms of real-world experiences of using expired antivenoms and their safety. Therefore, the use of expired antivenoms may be generally inconclusive due to scarce data. Further investigations may be needed to support the extension of antivenoms’ expiration date according to their potential efficacy after expiration.
Performance of 21 Early Warning System scores in predicting in-hospital deterioration among undifferentiated admitted patients managed by ambulance services
Authors: Guan Gigi , Lee Crystal Man Ying , Begg Stephen , Crombie Angela , Mnatzaganian George
Published: June 2024

Background

The optimal Early Warning System (EWS) scores for identifying patients at risk of clinical deterioration among those transported by ambulance services remain uncertain. This retrospective study compared the performance of 21 EWS scores to predict clinical deterioration using vital signs (VS) measured in the prehospital or emergency department (ED) setting.

Methods

Adult patients transported to a single ED by ambulances and subsequently admitted to the hospital between 1 January 2019 and 18 April 2019 were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality; secondary outcomes included 3-day mortality, admission to intensive care or coronary care units, length of hospital stay and emergency call activations. The discriminative ability of the EWS scores was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Subanalyses compared the performance of EWS scores between surgical and medical patient types.

Results

Of 1414 patients, 995 (70.4%) (53.1% male, mean age 68.7±17.5 years) were included. In the ED setting, 30-day mortality was best predicted by VitalPAC EWS (AUROC 0.71, 95% CI (0.65 to 0.77)) and National Early Warning Score (0.709 (0.65 to 0.77)). All EWS scores calculated in the prehospital setting had AUROC <0.70. Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (0.83 (0.73 to 0.92)) and New Zealand EWS (0.88 (0.81 to 0.95)) best predicted 3-day mortality in the prehospital and ED settings, respectively. EWS scores calculated using either prehospital or ED VS were more effective in predicting 3-day mortality in surgical patients, whereas 30-day mortality was best predicted in medical patients. Among the EWS scores that achieved AUROC ≥0.70, no statistically significant differences were detected in their discriminatory abilities to identify patients at risk of clinical deterioration.

Conclusions

EWS scores better predict 3-day as opposed to 30-day mortality and are more accurate when estimated using VS measured in the ED. The discriminatory performance of EWS scores in identifying patients at higher risk of clinical deterioration may vary by patient type.
Leveraging computer vision for predicting collision risks: a cross-sectional analysis of 2019–2021 fatal collisions in the USA
Authors: Nguyen Quynh C. , Alirezaei Mitra , Yue Xiaohe , Mane Heran , Li Dapeng , Zhao Lingjun , Nguyen Thu T , Patel Rithik , Yu Weijun , Hu Ming , Quistberg D. Alex , Tasdizen Tolga
Published: June 2024

Objective

The USA has higher rates of fatal motor vehicle collisions than most high-income countries. Previous studies examining the role of the built environment were generally limited to small geographic areas or single cities. This study aims to quantify associations between built environment characteristics and traffic collisions in the USA.

Methods

Built environment characteristics were derived from Google Street View images and summarised at the census tract level. Fatal traffic collisions were obtained from the 2019–2021 Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Fatal and non-fatal traffic collisions in Washington DC were obtained from the District Department of Transportation. Adjusted Poisson regression models examined whether built environment characteristics are related to motor vehicle collisions in the USA, controlling for census tract sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

Census tracts in the highest tertile of sidewalks, single-lane roads, streetlights and street greenness had 70%, 50%, 30% and 26% fewer fatal vehicle collisions compared with those in the lowest tertile. Street greenness and single-lane roads were associated with 37% and 38% fewer pedestrian-involved and cyclist-involved fatal collisions. Analyses with fatal and non-fatal collisions in Washington DC found streetlights and stop signs were associated with fewer pedestrians and cyclists-involved vehicle collisions while road construction had an adverse association.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the utility of using data algorithms that can automatically analyse street segments to create indicators of the built environment to enhance understanding of large-scale patterns and inform interventions to decrease road traffic injuries and fatalities.
Clinical, prognostic and pathophysiological implications of MOG-IgG detection in the CSF: the importance of intrathecal MOG-IgG synthesis
Authors: Greco Giacomo , Risi Mario , Masciocchi Stefano , Businaro Pietro , Rigoni Eleonora , Zardini Elisabetta , Scaranzin Silvia , Morandi Chiara , Diamanti Luca , Foiadelli Thomas , Giannoccaro Maria Pia , Morelli Luana , Liguori Rocco , Barone Paolo , Tozzo Alessandra , Passarini Alice , Gelibter Stefano , Patti Francesco , Banfi Paola , Simone Anna Maria , Bisecco Alvino , Ruggieri Martino , Maimone Davide , Bruno Giorgia , Siliquini Sabrina , Bova Stefania , Di Filippo Massimiliano , Lanzillo Roberta , Gallo Antonio , Colombo Elena , Franciotta Diego , Gastaldi Matteo
Published: June 2024

Background

Cerebrospinal fluid myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG (CSF MOG-IgG) are found in a proportion of patients with MOG antibody-associated disorder (MOGAD) and have been associated with severe disease presentations. However, most studies did not systematically investigate the role of MOG-IgG intrathecal synthesis (ITS).

Methods

We retrospectively studied 960 consecutive patients with paired serum and CSF samples screened for MOG-IgG using a live cell-based assays. MOG-IgG-specific antibody index (AIMOG) was systematically calculated using serum and CSF titres to assess MOG-IgG ITS, and clinical features were compared between MOG-IgG CSF+/CSF− and ITS+/ITS− patients.

Results

MOG-IgG were found in 55/960 patients (5.7%; serum+/CSF−: 58.2%, serum+/CSF+: 34.5%; serum−/CSF+: 7.3%). Serum/CSF MOG-IgG titres showed a moderate correlation in patients without ITS (ρ=0.47 (CI 0.18 to 0.68), p<0.001), but not in those with ITS (ρ=0.14 (CI −0.46 to –0.65), p=0.65). There were no clinical–paraclinical differences between MOG-IgG CSF+ vs CSF− patients. Conversely, patients with MOG-IgG ITS showed pyramidal symptoms (73% vs 32%, p=0.03), spinal cord involvement (82% vs 39%, p=0.02) and severe outcome at follow-up (36% vs 5%, p=0.02) more frequently than those without MOG-IgG ITS. A multivariate logistic regression model indicated that MOG-IgG ITS was an independent predictor of a poor outcome (OR: 14.93 (CI 1.40 to 19.1); p=0.03). AIMOGcorrelated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores at disease nadir and at last follow-up (p=0.02 and p=0.01).

Conclusions

Consistently with physiopathology, MOG-IgG ITS is a promising prognostic factor in MOGAD, and its calculation could enhance the clinical relevance of CSF MOG-IgG testing, making a case for its introduction in clinical practice.
Iron deficiency in patients with a Fontan circulation and its impact on exercise capacity
Authors: van Hassel Gaston , Rivrud Sean C S , Timmerman Frank J , van der Meer Peter , Hoendermis Elke S , Liem Eryn T , Berger Rolf M F , van Melle Joost P
Published: June 2024

Background

Iron deficiency (ID) has been reported in patients with congenital heart disease. There is, however, a scarcity of data on its prevalence in patients with a Fontan circulation. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of ID in Fontan patients and to investigate the association between ID and exercise capacity in this population.

Methods and results

Blood count and haematological parameters were determined in plasma of 61 Fontan patients (51% female, mean age 29±9 years). ID was defined as transferrin saturation (TSAT) ≤19.8%. The prevalence of ID was 36% (22/61 patients). Especially among women, the diagnosis of ID was highly prevalent (52%) despite normal haemoglobin levels (153.7±18.4 g/L). Mean ferritin levels were 98±80 µg/L and mean TSAT levels were 22%±12%. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in 46 patients (75%). Patients with ID had a lower peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) (1397±477 vs 1692±530 mL/min; p=0.039), although this relationship was confounded by sex. The presence of ID increased the likelihood of not achieving a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) ≥1.1 by 5-fold (p=0.035).

Conclusion

ID is highly prevalent among patients with a Fontan circulation. V̇O2peak is lower in patients with ID. Fontan patients with ID are less likely to achieve an RER≥1.1 during cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial morphology negatively affected in mice lacking Xin
Authors: Martin Grace , Al-Sajee Dhuha , Gingrich Molly , Chattha Rimsha , Akcan Michael , Monaco Cynthia M.F. , Hughes Megan C. , Perry Christopher G.R. , Rebalka Irena A. , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Hawke Thomas J.
Published: June 2024

Altered mitochondrial structure and function are implicated in the functional decline of skeletal muscle. Numerous cytoskeletal proteins are known to affect mitochondrial homeostasis, but this complex network is still being unraveled. Here, we investigated mitochondrial alterations in mice lacking the cytoskeletal adapter protein, XIN (XIN-/-). XIN-/- and wild-type littermate male and female mice were fed a chow or high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal fat) for 8 weeks before analyses of their skeletal muscles were conducted. Immuno-electron microscopy (EM) and immunofluorescence staining revealed XIN in the mitochondria and peri-mitochondrial areas, as well as the myoplasm. Intermyofibrillar mitochondria in chow-fed XIN-/- mice were notably different from wild-type (large, and/or swollen in appearance). Succinate dehydrogenase and Cytochrome Oxidase IV staining indicated greater evidence of mitochondrial enzyme activity in XIN-/- mice. No difference in body mass gains or glucose handling was observed between cohorts with HFD. However, EM revealed significantly greater mitochondrial density with evident structural abnormalities (swelling, reduced cristae density) in XIN-/- mice. Absolute Complex I and II-supported respiration was not different between groups, but relative to mitochondrial density, was significantly lower in XIN-/-. These results provide the first evidence for a role of XIN in maintaining mitochondrial morphology and function.
Towards quantum technologies with gamma photons
Authors: Ujeniuc S. , Suvaila R.
Published: June 2024

In the context of the second quantum revolution, the ability to manipulate quantum systems is already used for various techniques and a growing number of technology demonstrators, mostly with low energy photons. In this frame, our intention is to extend quantum technologies to gamma photons. Our aim is to take advantage of resources brought by entanglement with higher energy particles, particularly electron-positron annihilation quanta. Tools for low frequency quantum experiments are not suitable for penetrant radiation, consequently we need to use effects typical to the keV-MeV energy range instead. High energy photon protocols would include fundamental properties testing, industrial imaging, quantum random number generators, quantum simulators, military applications and improvement of already existing medical procedures. In this paper we review some important steps in the study of annihilation photon correlations, we point out the experimental differences and necessities with respect to the energy increase in quantum photonic experiments and we describe the design of a quantum gamma device we propose for experiments meant to prove feasibility of gamma ray based protocols. The perspective behind our project is to evidence the possibility to communicate via entangled quanta through media which are not transparent for low energy photons.
An intelligent threshold selection method to improve orbital angular momentum-encoded quantum key distribution under turbulence
Authors: Li Jia-Hao , Tang Jie , Wang Xing-Yu , Xue Yang , Yu Hui-Cun , Deng Zhi-Feng , Cao Yue-Xiang , Liu Ying , Wu Dan , Hu Hao-Ran , Wang Ya , Lun Hua-Zhi , Wei Jia-Hua , Zhang Bo , Liu Bo , Shi Lei
Published: June 2024

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) encoded by orbital angular momentum (OAM) presents significant advantages in terms of information capacity. However, perturbations caused by free-space atmospheric turbulence decrease the performance of the system by introducing random fluctuations in the transmittance of OAM photons. Currently, the theoretical performance analysis of OAM-encoded QKD systems exists a gap when concerning the statistical distribution under the free-space link. In this article, we analyzed the security of QKD systems by combining probability distribution of transmission coefficient (PDTC) of OAM with decoy-state BB84 method. To address the problem that the invalid key rate is calculated in the part transmittance interval of the post-processing process, an intelligent threshold method based on neural network is proposed to improve OAM-encoded QKD, which aims to conserve computing resources and enhance system efficiency. Our findings reveal that the ratio of root mean square (RMS) OAM-beam radius to Fried constant plays a crucial role in ensuring secure key generation. Meanwhile, the training error of neural network is at the magnitude around 10−3, indicating the ability to predict optimization parameters quickly and accurately. Our work contributes to the advancement of parameter optimization and prediction for free-space OAM-encoded HD-QKD systems. Furthermore, it provides valuable theoretical insights to support the development of free-space experimental setups.
OPTIMUM LEARNING MODEL FOR TEMPERATURE PROFILE PREDICTION IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Authors: AHMED SHAIKH TAUSEEF , LOKHANDE AMOL D. , SHAFIK R. SAYYAD
Published: June 2024

In recent years, several industries have made extensive use of additive manufacturing (AM) as it creates complicated parts by layer-by-layer deposition and offers high customization and rapid production. Nonetheless, hardware failure or thermal stress during the AM process can result in defects. In addition, the thermal history of the AM process is typically simulated using finite element research, but they are expensive and time-consuming. In this research, an essential element of a methodological approach for developing real-time control systems based on data-driven models is designed and developed. Finite element techniques are used to generate the database and resolve time-dependent heat equations The proposed approach makes use of the adaptive falcsreech buzpullet search algorithm (FBSO-LSTM) model, which forecasts the temperatures of subsequent voxels utilizing inputs like laser characteristics, to address problems with extremely unpredictable solutions as well as the temperatures of preceding voxels. The performance with the lowest error values is achieved by the adaptive FBSO-LSTM model utilizing the GAMMA database with values of 6.00, 107.51, 5.24, and 0.26 for MAE, MAPE, MSE and RMSE, respectively. Similarly, the FEM database with values of 6.00, 49.51, 5.26, and 0.27 for MAE, MAPE, MSE and RMSE, respectively.
Identification of Object Roughness Using a Flexible Capacitive 3D Force Transducer Featuring an Interlocking Microstructure
Authors: Song Zeqian , Luo Xuanzi , Chen Guanzheng , Yu Hang , Cheng Lin , Liu Aiping
Published: June 2024

A flexible capacitive three-dimensional (3D) force transducer with four bottom electrodes is proposed. A dielectric layer with ionic effects and pyramid-like microstructures is designed to improve the sensing performance of this sensor. The arrayed sensor exhibits remarkable capabilities in capturing and decoupling 3D forces, showcasing a high sensitivity, a wide response range (0–30[Formula: see text]kPa), rapid response time (62[Formula: see text]ms), excellent repeatability under continuous pressure, as well as static and dynamic responses. By assembling a robotic arm to grasp various objects, the sensor demonstrates exceptional sensing capabilities for object roughness, thereby highlighting its potential application as a touch recognition system in human–computer interaction scenarios.
RESPECT 2024: Call for Participation
Authors: Pearson Tamara
Published: June 2024

We are excited to invite you to attend RESPECT 2024. The Conference on Research in Equity and Sustained Participation in Engineering, Computing, and Technology (RESPECT) is the premier venue for research on equity, inclusion, and justice in computing and computing education. Now in its ninth edition, the RESPECT 2024 conference will be held in Atlanta, GA on May 16-17, 2024.
Response to chronic crowding stress in shy and bold behavioral groups of male and female zebrafish
Authors: Fernando Gallage Chanuka P. , Khansari Ali R. , Tort Lluis
Published: June 2024

This paper analyzes the response of zebrafish to crowding stress through a new approach focused on the peripheral response dynamics of the skin, the main mucosal tissue, and involving sex and behavioral phenotype influences. Shy males showed significant distress as observed by body condition, physiological and transcriptional response, and global DNA methylation. Nuances in stress response across behavioral phenotypes and sex indicate a genetic and behavioral specificity and further inherent epigenetic regulatory dimension.
Electroneutral Na+/Cl− cotransport activity of zebrafish Slc12a10.1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes
Authors: Ota Chihiro , Nagashima Ayumi , Kato Akira
Published: June 2024

Na+/Cl− cotransporter 2 (Slc12a10; Ncc2) is a protein highly homologous to Ncc (Slc12a3; Ncc1); however, there are only a few reports measuring the activity of Slc12a10. Electrophysiological analysis of Xenopus oocytes expressing zebrafish Slc12a10.1 showed that Slc12a10.1 acts as an electroneutral Na+/Cl−cotransporter. This is the third report on the activity of Slc12a10, following previous reports on Slc12a10 in eels.
Sympathoinhibition during cardiopulmonary baroreceptor loading is attenuated in older females
Authors: Katayama Keisho , Shiozawa Kana , Lee Jordan B. , Kondo Haruna , Seo Natsuki , Ishida Koji , Millar Philip J. , Banno Ryoichi , Ogoh Shigehiko
Published: June 2024

There were no available data concerning the effect of age on the sympathoinhibitory response to cardiopulmonary baroreceptor loading in females. The magnitude of the decrease in muscle sympathetic nerve activity during passive leg raising (10°–40°) was smaller in older females than in young females. In females, inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor outflow during cardiopulmonary baroreceptor loading could be blunted with advancing age.
Chronic infusion of the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine increases mean arterial pressure in male Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Irsik Debra L. , Chen Jian-Kang , Bollag Wendy B. , Isales Carlos M.
Published: June 2024

In humans, an elevated serum concentration of kynurenine has long been associated with negative outcomes in various disease states as well as in aging. However, it has been unknown whether these increased kynurenine levels are mediating the disorders or simply associated with them. This study shows that chronically infusing kynurenine can contribute to the development of hypertension and kidney impairment. The mechanism of this action remains to be determined in future studies.
Effects of prosthetic stiffness and added mass on metabolic power and asymmetry in female runners with a leg amputation
Authors: Ashcraft Kara R. , Grabowski Alena M.
Published: June 2024

Females with unilateral transtibial amputation can improve running performance through reductions in net metabolic power by using a running-specific prosthesis (RSP) that is less stiff than manufacturer-recommended. Lower RSP stiffness values are associated with greater leg stiffness and contact time asymmetry, and lower stance-average vertical ground reaction force asymmetry. However, we found that adding mass to the RSP did not affect net metabolic power and stance-phase biomechanical asymmetries during running.
Allostatic Load and Metabolic Syndrome in Depressed Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Osei Francis , Wippert Pia-Maria , Block Andrea
Published: June 2024

Allostatic load (AL) is the cumulative wear and tear on the body due to the chronic adverse physical or psychosocial situations. The acute stress response activates the primary mediators of AL, which include cortisol, epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S). Secondary outcomes, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular, and immune system changes, can result from long‐term stress responses. Given these complex reactions to an acute stressor, a multidimensional stress assessment is required when investigating individual stress reactivity in an experimental setting. This study is aimed at examining the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. MDD patients (n = 164, age = 18–65 years old) with MetS+ (n = 46, weight = 93.10 ± 16.43 kg) and without MetS‐ (n = 118, weight = 73.08 ± 15.22 kg) were analyzed cross‐sectionally. Stepwise binary regression and Welch’s t‐test were used to find the associations and differences between the two groups. The regression analysis was fully adjusted for age, sex, and the Beck Depression Inventory‐II score. In unadjusted model, cortisol (b = −0.003, p = 0.034) was inversely associated with MetS. In fully adjusted model, EPI (b = −0.006, p = 0.007) was inversely associated with MetS. However, significant differences (p = 0.005) were observed for cortisol between MDD patients without MetS‐ (410.13 ± 144.63 nmol/l) and MDD patients with MetS+ (340.90 ± 132.98 nmol/l) with a small effect size (Cohen’s d of 0.489). Significant differences (p = 0.001) were observed for EPI between MDD patients without MetS‐ (185.67 ± 124.44 pg/ml) and MDD patients with MetS+ (124.95 ± 84.38 pg/ml) with a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d of 0.530). These observations are of clinical importance for the management of MDD patients.
Study of Ground Vibration Site Effects on Substation in Inhomogeneous Strata
Authors: Yang Jingqiu , Zhu Quanjun , Li Xinming , Zhang Jinrui , Li Xiaolin
Published: June 2024

A large substation confronts the risk of frequent tectonic earthquakes with a relatively high magnitude, thus it is necessary to analyze the seismic response of the site. To provide a reference for the seismic analysis of this substation, the seismic response of the substation site was investigated. Based on the Mohr–Coulomb elastic‐plastic constitutive model, the finite element models of the soft soil site and engineering site were established, and the seismic responses of the soft soil site with and without backfill were analyzed. Subsequently, the effect of layered soil site on the acceleration amplification of various ground shocks was further studied, yielding the seismic acceleration amplification coefficients for soft soil site and engineering site. The results of the finite element model show that the seismic amplification factor of the soft soil site is 1.292. The seismic amplification factor of the engineering site varies under the action of simple harmonic wave, El Centro wave, and Kobe wave, with the amplification factors ranging from 1.092 to 1.405. Therefore, considering the effects of the spectral properties of seismic waves is essential for the seismic design.
A Primary Telangiectatic Mandibular Osteosarcoma With Germ‐Line Malignancy‐Associated DNA Damage Repair Gene Polymorphisms: A Case Report
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Wei Eric X. , Madelaire Carlina , Yu Alice S. , Herrera Guillermo A. , Shackelford Rodney E.
Published: June 2024

Primary mandibular telangiectatic osteosarcomas are very rare lesions, with only nine cases reported. Histologically, these lesions show multiple cystic blood‐filled cavities traversed by neoplastic bone in septa lined by high‐grade malignant cells. Here, we report an 81‐year‐old woman who presented with a mandibular mass, which was surgically resected and analyzed by histologic examination and whole exome DNA sequencing. A diagnosis of telangiectatic osteosarcoma was given. Comparative sequencing data analysis of paired benign and tumor DNA revealed 1577 variants unique to the tumor DNA, which clustered into several gene families, including those regulating DNA repair and apoptosis. Comparison of benign and tumor DNA revealed many shared gene polymorphisms associated with an increased cancer risk. These included polymorphisms in the ATM, p53, BRCA1, and BRCA2 and many other genes. Interestingly, the patient’s family history showed an unusually high cancer incidence, likely related to these cancer risk–associated polymorphisms. To our knowledge, this is the first‐time sequencing applied to a mandibular telangiectatic osteosarcoma. Our findings may shed light on the molecular origins of these rare tumors and how they may relate to other tumors in related kindreds.
Review of the Predictive Value of Biomarkers in Sepsis Mortality
Authors: Zhang Nai , Liu Yujuan , Yang Chuang , Li Xinai
Published: June 2024

Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality among severely ill individuals, primarily due to its potential to induce fatal organ dysfunction. For clinicians, it is vital to have appropriate indicators, including the physiological status and personal experiences of patients with sepsis, to monitor the condition and assess prognosis. This approach aids in preventing the worsening of the illness and reduces mortality. Recent guidelines for sepsis focus on improving patient outcomes through early detection and timely treatment. Nonetheless, identifying severe cases and predicting their prognoses remain challenging. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in utilising the C‐reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR) to evaluate the condition and forecast the prognosis of patients with sepsis. This research concentrates on the significance of CAR in the pathological process of sepsis, its association with prognosis, and the latest developments in employing procalcitonin, lactic acid, CRP, and other potential biomarkers. The CAR, with its predictive value for sepsis prognosis and mortality, is increasingly used as a clinical biochemical marker in diagnosing and monitoring patients with sepsis.
EBV‐Positive Pleomorphic Variant Transformation of CD5‐Negative Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Song Amy , Li Julie Y. , Cockey Samuel G. , Shao Richard , Zhang Hailing
Published: June 2024

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a mature B‐cell lymphoma associated with cyclin D family rearrangements and typically expresses CD5 and cyclin D1. Epstein–Barr virus‐ (EBV‐) positive MCL is rare, and the role of EBV infection and its transformation in MCL remains unclear. We present a case of CD5‐negative classic MCL that progressed to an EBV + pleomorphic MCL six years after the initial diagnosis. Molecular studies confirmed the same clonal origin. To the best of our knowledge, the EBV‐positive transformation of CD5‐negative MCL into a pleomorphic variant has rarely been reported, and its recognition is important for the diagnosis and the management of patients with MCL.
Retrospective Tertiary Care‐Based Cohort Study on Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Ceftazidime‐Avibactam‐Resistant Carbapenem‐Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections
Authors: Ahmed Fatema , Abraham Betsy , Kamal Saeed Nermin , Mohamed Naser Hasan , Sridharan Kannan
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The advent of ceftazidime‐avibactam (CAZ‐AVI)‐resistant carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates has been steadily documented in recent years. We aimed to identify risk factors of CAZ‐AVI‐resistant CRKP infection and assess clinical outcomes of patients. Methods. The study retrospectively examined the clinical and microbiological data of patients with ceftazidime avibactam susceptible and ceftazidime avibactam‐resistant Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenem‐resistant enterobacteriaceae infection to identify risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. A total of 152 patients with CRKP infection were enrolled in this study. Patients with CAZ‐AVI‐resistant CRKP isolates (20/34 = 58.8%) had prior exposure to carbapenems (p = 0.003) and had more tracheostomies (16/34 = 47.1%) (p = 0.001). Only 8/28 (28.6%) patients with CAZ‐AVI susceptible CRKP isolates died amongst those administered ceftazidime‐avibactam compared to 49/90 (54.4%) who did not receive the same (p = 0.016). 1/9 (11.1%) patients with CAZ‐AVI‐resistant CRKP isolates who received colistin died compared to 13/25 (52%) who did not receive colistin (p = 0.03). There was no association between presence of CAZ‐AVI‐resistant CRKP isolates and overall mortality (odds ratio: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.3, 1.6), and no independent predictors of risk factors to overall mortality in the group with CAZ‐AVI‐resistant CRKP isolates were noted. Conclusion. Early advent of CAZ‐AVI resistance in CRE isolates highlights the dynamic necessity of routine CAZ‐AVI resistance laboratory testing and antimicrobial stewardship programmes focusing on the utilization of all antibiotics. Consolidating the hospital infection control of tracheostomies may help to prevent CAZ resistance in CRKP. Colistin may aid in decreasing of mortality rates among patients with CAZ‐AVI CRKP isolates.
Elucidating the Immune Microenvironment and Therapeutic Targets in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma through Bioinformatics
Authors: He Shasha , Zheng Yongbo
Published: June 2024

Background. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), prevalent in East Asia and associated with EBV infection, poses unique challenges due to its complex immunological interactions. This study aims to dissect the molecular and immune mechanisms of NPC, providing a pathway to novel treatments. Methods. Through bioinformatics, we analyzed gene expression and immune cell infiltration in NPC tissues. Differential gene expression profiling, single‐cell RNA sequencing, and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were performed to understand the immune landscape and identify EBV‐related molecular changes. Results. The differential gene expression analysis highlighted a diverse immune cell composition, suggesting an intricate immune evasion landscape. GSVA pinpointed pathways linked to tumor immunity and EBV pathogenesis. Notably, the expression of immune checkpoints, such as PD‐L1, was significantly associated with NPC, offering a potential target for immunotherapy. Conclusions. Our findings underscore the potential of immunotherapeutic approaches in NPC, particularly those modulating the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis. The integration of bioinformatics and immunology in NPC research provides a foundation for personalized medicine and warrants further exploration into combination therapies to enhance treatment efficacy.
Interaction between Viscoelastic Composite Beams and Vehicles by a Decoupled Method and Its Application in Engineering
Authors: Zhang Xia , Chen Enli , Jiang Wei , Wang Guoqing , Wu Ali
Published: June 2024

Asphalt mixture is a viscoelastic material composed of aggregates, asphalt mastics, and voids. Meanwhile, the dynamic interaction between vehicle and bridge makes asphalt deck pavement in a more complex stress state, leading to premature damage such as cracks and ruts during its operation service period. Therefore, the effects of the viscoelastic characteristics of asphalt mixtures and vehicle‐bridge interactions on the dynamic behaviors of deck pavement cannot be ignored. However, it is difficult to directly couple the viscoelastic properties of mixtures and vehicle‐bridge interactions using the finite element method. Thus, this paper presents a decoupled method named the separation reconstruction algorithm. To theoretically verify whether the separate construction (SR) algorithm is consistent with the direct coupling (DC) algorithm, two dynamic system models of a Bernoulli–Euler composite beam under a moving vehicle are established, which correspond to the two algorithms. The kinematic equations of the system are derived and dispersed by the classical Galerkin method. The nonlinear integral term is simplified by the parity of the function, periodicity of the trigonometric function, and derivation. Then, the coupled equation can be rewritten in an ordinary differential form and solved with the Runge–Kutta method. Finally, it is proven that the proposed SR algorithm is basically consistent with the DC algorithm, and the SR algorithm is extended to practical engineering to study the coupling dynamic responses of viscoelastic deck pavement more accurately. Some new insight is gained by exploring the stress status of viscoelastic deck pavement under coupled conditions, which is conducive to more accurate evaluations of surface tensile effects induced by vehicle‐bridge interactions.
An End‐to‐End CRSwNP Prediction with Multichannel ResNet on Computed Tomography
Authors: Lai Shixin , Kang Weipiao , Chen Yaowen , Zou Jisheng , Wang Siqi , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Xiaolei , Lin Yu
Published: June 2024

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a global disease characterized by poor treatment outcomes and high recurrence rates, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. Due to its complex pathophysiology and diverse clinical presentations, CRS is categorized into various subtypes to facilitate more precise diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction. Among these, CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is further divided into eosinophilic CRSwNP (eCRSwNP) and noneosinophilic CRSwNP (non‐eCRSwNP). However, there is a lack of precise predictive diagnostic and treatment methods, making research into accurate diagnostic techniques for CRSwNP endotypes crucial for achieving precision medicine in CRSwNP. This paper proposes a method using multiangle sinus computed tomography (CT) images combined with artificial intelligence (AI) to predict CRSwNP endotypes, distinguishing between patients with eCRSwNP and non‐eCRSwNP. The considered dataset comprises 22,265 CT images from 192 CRSwNP patients, including 13,203 images from non‐eCRSwNP patients and 9,062 images from eCRSwNP patients. Test results from the network model demonstrate that multiangle images provide more useful information for the network, achieving an accuracy of 98.43%, precision of 98.1%, recall of 98.1%, specificity of 98.7%, and an AUC value of 0.984. Compared to the limited learning capacity of single‐channel neural networks, our proposed multichannel feature adaptive fusion model captures multiscale spatial features, enhancing the model’s focus on crucial sinus information within the CT images to maximize detection accuracy. This deep learning‐based diagnostic model for CRSwNP endotypes offers excellent classification performance, providing a noninvasive method for accurately predicting CRSwNP endotypes before treatment and paving the way for precision medicine in the new era of CRSwNP.
Addressing Conservation Needs: Genetic Diversity and Population Ecology of the Endemic Tree Spondias tuberosa Arruda
Authors: Sales Raiane Pereira de , Silva Luan Cavalcanti da , Neves Abidã Gênesis da Silva , Fajardo Cristiane Gouvêa , Pinheiro Luciana Gomes , Vieira Fábio de Almeida
Published: June 2024

Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as umbuzeiro or imbuzeiro, is a fruit tree native to the semiarid region of Brazil. The extractive harvesting of its fruits contributes significantly to the economy, generating an annual revenue of approximately $4,2 million. The present study aimed to assess the spatial pattern, allometric variations, fruit measurements, and genetic diversity of trees within a remaining forest of the Caatinga biome, with a focus on intrapopulation analysis. We used intersimple repeated sequence markers and the second‐order function density of neighbours to determine the genetic and spatial structure. The density of neighbours was highest within a 10‐meter radius. Biometric analyses revealed average fruit lengths of 31.12 mm (±0.22), diameters of 28.68 mm (±0.25), and fresh masses of 15.56 g (±0.33). Diaspores exhibited an average length, diameter, and thickness of 19.27 mm, 13.95 mm, and 11.14 mm, respectively, with a fresh mass of 2.28 g. Notably, the fresh mass demonstrated the highest coefficient of variation. Ten molecular markers were selected, generating 103 highly polymorphic loci (99.03%) with an average informative content of 0.45. Nei’s diversity index (0.37) and Shannon’s index (0.55) indicated moderate genetic diversity. Furthermore, Bayesian analysis revealed a population structure with two distinct genetic groups. The Infinite Allele and Mutation Step Models suggested a significant historical decline in population size, indicative of a genetic bottleneck. As a result, proactive in situ conservation strategies, including establishing protected natural areas, become essential, considering the socioeconomic significance of the species. Additionally, it is recommended to establish germplasm banks for ex situ conservation and the development of managed cultivation initiatives to reduce the pressure on native populations of S. tuberosa caused by extraction.
Quadruple Primary Malignancies over 2 Years with Germline Mutation in Krebs Cycle Enzyme Gene Fumarate Hydratase
Authors: Aminian Solaleh , Al-Alloosh Fawaz , Yadegari Fatemeh , Zarinfam Shiva , Al-Abedi Haider Hamza , Majidzadeh-A. Keivan
Published: June 2024

Multiple primary cancers (MPCs) are defined as the presence of more than one cancer in an individual that is not due to recurrence, metastasis, or local spread. Different factors such as copathogenic genetic mutations, environmental factors, lifestyle, and first cancer treatment increase the possible occurrence of subsequent malignancies. In recent years, the risk of MPCs has increased due to improved treatment; however, quadruple primary malignancies are still rare and require further investigation and treatment of the underlying cause. Here, we present a 64‐year‐old man with a 40‐year history of cigarette smoking who developed quadruple primary malignancies of the epiglottis, kidney, pancreas, and lung. To investigate the possible genetic cause, we performed WES, and a variant of c.580G > A (Ala194Thr) was discovered in exon 5 of the Krebs cycle enzyme gene, fumarate hydratase (FH). This substitution was classified as VUS in Clinvar and likely pathogenic by Varsome and Franklin software. The structural analysis showed that the variation found was localized in a highly conserved alpha helix in the D2 domain near the FH hinge region (<6 Å), suggesting that enzyme activity was affected by a perturbation in protein quaternary structure. Because of the well‐established role of FH mutations in renal cancer risk, it was possible that the FH mutation could have led to the development of renal cell carcinoma in this case. The biological mechanisms of MPCs suggest that subsequent primary malignancies are triggered by the combined effects of environmental factors, such as smoking and genetics.