bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New subtribes of Arachnocephalini (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae) and a new genus and species of this tribe from South Africa
Authors: Gorochov A.V.
Published: December 2020

The tribe Arachnocephalini is divided into three subtribes: [1] Pseudomogoplistina subtrib. nov. with one genus lacking ventrolateral lobes on the tarsi and having a massive Y-shaped sclerite in the male genitalia; [2] Bothromogoplistina subtrib. nov. including two genera with similar tarsi but with a different structure of the male genitalia (lacking a Y-shaped sclerite and having a long and thin virga-like sclerotised rachis inside a membranous invagination of the ventral fold); [3] Arachnocephalina Gorochov, 1984 possibly including all the other genera of this tribe (these genera are with a pair of ventrolateral lobes on the second tarsal segment and/or with the male genitalia more or less similar to those of Bothromogoplistina subtrib. nov.). One new genus with one new species (Bothromogoplistes paraproctalis gen. et sp. nov.) are described from a burrow in the arid territory of South Africa. This cricket is probably related to the genera Cycloptiloides Sjöstedt, 1910 and Eucycloptilum Chopard, 1936, but their males differ from each other in the pronotal length, the presence or absence of wings and tympana, and the shape of the paraprocts and genital plate. One species, Cycloptiloides parvum (Chopard, 1961), comb. nov., is transferred from Eucycloptilum to Cycloptiloides.
As representações sociais e o programa de residência pedagógica para licenciandos em letras no sertão de Pernambuco
Authors: De Pinho Cavalcanti Larissa
Published: December 2020

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar as representações sociais sobre o Programa de Residência Pedagógica da CAPES presentes nos relatórios finais dos bolsistas vinculados à Licenciatura em Letras de uma universidade pública no sertão de Pernambuco. As representações sociais são construções coletivas compartilhadas por membros de grupos sociais que organizam e categorizam os elementos e os eventos do mundo empírico. Com base nos estudos de Moscovici (2000, 2003), Abric (1994), Jodelet (2001) e Py (2000, 2004), investigamos as representações sociais que discentes ligados ao PRP, nossa análise identificou como representações centrais do PRP a formação docente e a definição institucional do programa articuladas em função de: presença em sala de aula, interação entre teoria e prática, por um lado, e o programa como experiência e qualificação positiva. As representações periféricas dizem respeito aos estágios supervisionados e críticas a parceiros do programa.
Odnos
ličnosti i predrasuda
Authors: Matić Bojić Jelena
Published: December 2020

U posljednjih dvadesetak godina, uslijed teorijskoga i analitičkog napretka,
obnovljen je interes za dispozicijska objašnjenja sklonosti predrasudama.
Istraživačke su se tradicije ranoga dispozicijskoga i socijalnog pristupa kroz
povijest istraživanja predrasuda izmjenjivale u popularnosti i suočavale s
oštrom debatom o ulozi osobe nasuprot ulozi situacije u razvoju i održavanju
predrasuda. Suvremena istraživačka praksa, međutim, inklinira k integraciji tih
pristupa, a empirijski su utvrđene i određene komplementarnosti dispozicijskih
i socijalnih perspektiva. Cilj je ovoga rada kontekstualizirati dispozicijski
pristup istraživanju predrasuda, prikazati osnovne koncepte, teorijsko
polazište i empirijske podatke o vezi ličnosti i predrasuda te skrenuti pažnju
na otvorena pitanja i moguće pravce budućih istraživanja. Fokus je rada na vezi
ličnosti i predrasuda prema različitim društvenim grupama koje se nerijetko
prikazuju pod okriljem konstrukta generaliziranih predrasuda. Budući da je taj
konstrukt od središnje važnosti za razumijevanje dispozicijskih doprinosa
objašnjenju predrasuda, on se u radu pobliže predstavlja. Središnji dio rada
sadrži prikaz Duckittove dvoprocesne kognitivno-motivacijske teorije ideologije
i predrasuda koja je u podlozi odnosa ličnosti i predrasuda, pri čemu se
poseban naglasak stavlja na pojašnjenje uloge ideoloških varijabli desne
autoritarnosti i orijentacije na socijalnu dominaciju koje posreduju u tome
odnosu. Slijedi prikaz empirijskih nalaza o povezanosti predrasuda i ličnosti
prema petofaktorskoj konceptualizaciji te konceptualizaciji. Kao ključni
antecedenti predrasuda izdvajaju se otvorenost prema iskustvu, ugodnost i poštenje
– poniznost. U završnome se dijelu rada problematiziraju aktualni prijepori u
području istraživanja povezanosti ličnosti i predrasuda: status ugodnosti kao
prediktora predrasuda te konzistentnost dispozicijskih korelata generaliziranih
predrasuda.
Psihometrijska
obilježja Youngova upitnika shema (YSQ-S3)
Authors: Mišetić Irena , Bubić Andreja , Antičević Vesna
Published: December 2020

Cilj je
ovoga istraživanja bio ispitati neke psihometrijske karakteristike hrvatske
verzije Youngova upitnika shema. Istraživanje je provedeno na kliničkome
uzorku od 269 pacijenata liječenih od anksioznih poremećaja i poremećaja
raspoloženja (Mdobi = 46.8, SDdobi = 10.5). Provedena je metoda glavnih
komponenata uz ortogonalnu (Varimax) rotaciju. Rezultati provjere konstruktne
valjanosti pokazali su da hrvatska verzija Youngova upitnika shema u većoj
mjeri potvrđuje originalnu faktorsku strukturu (potvrđeno je 16 od 18 faktora
kojima je objašnjeno 56.32 % ukupne varijance toga konstrukta). Cronbachov
alfa koeficijent za cijeli upitnik iznosi .96, dok se vrijednosti
koeficijenta pouzdanosti za pojedine sheme kreću u rasponu .71 do .93, uz
iznimku sheme samokažnjavanje čija je pouzdanost tipa unutarnje konzistencije
.49. Kako bismo provjerili konvergentnu valjanost upitnika, korišteni su
Beckov inventar depresije – II (Beck i sur., 2011) i Ljestvica anksioznosti
kao stanja i osobine ličnosti (Spielberger, 2000). Korelacije između
rezultata na Youngovu upitniku shema i Beckovu inventaru depresije – II
kretale su se između .12 i .62, a korelacije između rezultata na Youngovu
upitniku shema i Ljestvici anksioznosti kao stanja i osobine ličnosti bile su
između .23 i .50. Rezultati su pokazali da je hrvatska verzija Youngova
upitnika shema mjerni instrument primjerene konstruktne i konvergentne
valjanosti te zadovoljavajuće pouzdanosti tipa unutarnje konzistencije koji
se može koristiti za procjenu ranih neprilagođenih shema na kliničkoj
populaciji osoba koje se liječe od anksioznih i depresivnih poremećaja.
Екологічна проблематика в загальноукраїнських газетах: спільне та відмінне
Authors: Ковальчук Олена
Published: December 2020

Увага до теми охорони природи є одним зі складників колективної свідомості автохтонної нації в гомогенній країні або народів у багатонаціональній державі. Багато десятиліть екологічна свідомість українського населення була викривленою внаслідок шкідливої політики правлячої компартії. Щонайменші протестні прояви рішуче обривались.Перші, ще несміливі спроби по-іншому ставитися до збереження навколишнього середовища почали робитися в хрущовську відлигу, яка, втім, швидко закінчилась. Більш серйозні зміни сталися під час горбачовської перебудови, у другій половині 1980-х років. Розпад СРСР та утворення на його уламках незалежних держав закріпив ці зміни – принаймні, в Україні. Екологічною публіцистикою активно займалися шістдесятники – Л. Костенко, І. Дзюба, Є. Сверстюк, Д. Павличко, В. Яворівський, Ю. Щербак та ін. Їх підтримали дипломовані журналісти Б. Олійник, С. Колесник, О. Глушко, В. Карпенко та ін.У незалежній Україні з розвитком наукових і соціальних комунікацій з’явилося й кілька поколінь журналістикознавців, котрі вивчають природоохоронну тематику та проблематику, екологічну публіцистику.Збереження довкілля потребує постійного моніторингу, над чим працюють депутати, міністерські та місцеві чиновники, експерти із забруднення всіх середовищ, лісівники, єгері, працівники рибоохорони, зоологічних парків, екологічні активісти. Показники їхньої роботи важливо постійно висвітлювати в засобах масової інформації та комунікації. Особливо репрезентативними в цьому плані є щоденні газети паперового та електронного форматів, які мають змогу день у день віддзеркалювати процеси збереження чи забруднення природи, які мають місце. До того ж, як показує історіографія цієї наукової проблеми, останні результати були отримані досить давно й тому свіжі дані є вкрай важливими.
Effect of microwave treatment on cooking time, colour, sensory and nutritional properties of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea)
Authors: Oyeyinka Samson A. , Iyiola Oluyinka A. , Patel Nikita , Fasogbon Beatrice M. , Badmos Abdul-Hameed A. , Olatunde Sogo J. , Oyeyinka Adewumi T. , Akintayo Olaide A. , Ajisafe Aishat O.
Published: December 2020

Bambara groundnut is a leguminous crop that currently experiences a low level of utilisation because it is hard-to-cook and difficulty to dehull.

In this study, the effects of different microwaving power of 450, 500, 600 and 750 W and time (0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 s) on cooking time, colour, sensory and nutritional properties of Bambara groundnut using standard methods were investigated. Microwaving generally reduced the cooking time of Bambara groundnut. The cooking time reduced by approximately 28, 46, 52 and 55% when Bambara groundnut was microwaved at 450, 500, 600 and 750 W for 240 s, respectively. Microwaving did not significantly (p>0.05) affect the colour and appearance of the grain.
Bambara groundnut had similar lightness values (60.66-63.15), but slightly different a (3.38-5.57) and b values (16.16-19.20) after microwaving. Protein (23.90-26.88%) and carbohydrate (47.85-58.58%) were
the major components of raw and microwaved grains. Microwaved grains showed higher digestibility values (approx. 78-85%) compared to the raw Bambara groundnut (approx. 71%). Mean sensory scores revealed that Bambara groundnut microwaved at 600 W for 240 s had comparable acceptability with the control sample. Microwaving can be used to reduce
cooking time of Bambara groundnut, improve protein content and digestibility without significantly altering the sensory properties.
The Interface between Tradition and Modernity in Naga Society: A Critique from Gender Perspective
Authors: Longkumer Purlemla
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT This paper questions to what extent do modern beliefs have an impact on the traditional values concerning the status of Naga women. Nagaland entered the modern era owing to the contact with the British administrators, Christian missionaries and the attainment of statehood. It was believed that the ushering of the modern era would uplift Naga women, however the traditional values were kept much intact, which hinders the opportunities promised by modernity. The interface of tradition and modernity is examined to highlight the incorporation of traditional practices, which hinders Naga women to exploit their potentials. A detailed enquiry through the prevailing customary laws and case studies conducted on the experiences of women provides an interesting account as to why Naga women are yet to achieve a status as par with Naga man. Such constraints can be traced to the ideologies, which glorified the Naga man and thereby occupy a secondary position to males till today.
A review of domestic and foreign experience of steel treatment in CCM tundishes
Authors: Protasov A. V. , Sivak B. A. , Smirnov L. A.
Published: December 2020

The modern steelmaking facilities melt as a rule a semi product, which is further subjected to various processes of refining in steel ladle. Recently an additional treatment of the metal in CCM tundish became widespread in the domestic and foreign practice. A tendency of transforming tundish into a multifunctional metallurgical reactor was noted, since more and more technological operations are transferred in it, including alloying, stirring, various methods of heating, modifying and removal of nonmetallic inclusions. Examples of comprehensive utilization of a bloom CCM tundish at some Japanese plants of Kobe Steel in Kakagava presnted, at which the metal is filtered when going through holes in the two partitions thus effectively removing nonmetallic inclusions. New variants of metal blowing off in the tundish by inert gas developed by domestic specialists considered, including a technology for metal blowing off by an inert gas and a facility for the inert gas supply through the stopper of the tundish. Supply of inert gas through the stopper results in efficiency increasing of degassing and nonmetallic inclusions removal as well as submerged nuzzles service time increase, which is particularly important at casting of steels with high content of aluminum. Examples of solutions of metal treatment in tundish by cored and aluminum wire given. Schemes of cored wire introduction into tundish and liquid steel treatment in a CCM mold considered. Considerable attention was given to the problem of metal temperature control in tundish, including by an electric arc, induction and plasma heating. List of domestic and foreign plants presented, implemented facilities of steel plasma heating in the CCM tundish. It was noted, that steel chemical heating in tundish can be applied at unforeseen problems arising at casting.
CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE ADAPTATION PHENOMENON
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Dorzheeva A. A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Modern rapidly changing society requires significant adaptive abilities of a person because the success of both professional and cognitive activities depends on the degree of adaptation. The paper aims to conduct the content analysis of the phenomenon of adaptation. Materials and methods. The philosophical and psychological-pedagogical literature was analyzed, and subsequent generalization was made to accomplish this objective. Research result. The study indicates that adaptation is a process of changing to fit the environment, which can occur at various levels: biological, physiological, psychological, social, social-psychological, and social-pedagogical. Adaptation is an individual process based on the examination of the needs and motives of a person. Furthermore, there is a difference between adaptation as a process and adaptability as a result. There are also several types of adaptation: alloplastic and autoplastic, as well as external and internal. Conclusion. The findings have indicated the main features, approaches, and varieties of the adaptation process; and the characteristic of the phenomenon of adaptation within various forms and categories. Keywords: adaptation, content analysis, social adaptation, behaviorism, humanistic psychology, psychoanalysis, Russian psychology.
THE DEVELOPING SPEECH ENVIRONMENT IN AN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION AS A BASIS FOR IMPROVING THE CULTURE OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
Authors:   Institute of Education Development of Irkutsk Region, Ponomaryova N. V.
Published: December 2020

The paper refers to the issues of setting up the effective conditions for creating the developing speech environment as a basis for improving the culture of the Russian language proficiency in educational organizations of the Russian Federation. It analyzes both the theory and practice of creating the developing speech environment. While dealing with these problems, the author relies on the experience of educational organizations in Irkutsk Region, schools and kindergartens, as well as the SAI SPE “Institute of Education Development of Irkutsk Region work” in the sphere of the human resources development (teachers’ professional development) on creating the developing speech environment. Keywords: education, language, developing speech environment, the culture of the Russian language proficiency, Irkutsk region, teachers’ professional development.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERPRETATIVE ABILITIES OF THE SUVOROVITES WHEN TEACHING EXPRESSIVE READING OF THE BALLAD “HEATHER HONEY” BY R. L. STEVENSON
Authors:   St. Petersburg Suvorov Military School of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Lelinkova E. V.
Published: December 2020

. The introduction to the paper outlines its aim to find ways of developing interpretative skills of the 5th-grade Suvorovites when teaching expressive reading. Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of psychological, pedagogical, and methodological literature, which help to teach the 5th-grade Suvorovites to deeply percept and understand literary text and subtext, and can foster the development of interpretative skills while teaching them to expressive reading. The research involves considering artistic interpretation as one of the most important directions of the literary development of reading Suvorovites. According to the study, the interconnection between the hermeneutic and axiological approaches to teaching expressive reading contributes to the development of recreational and creative imagination in the Suvorovites and reveals the deepest meanings of the work of fiction on a personal level. The results of the study. The study has determined the role of the hermeneutic and axiological aspects in the methodology of expressive reading. It has also considered the ways of building the interpretative competence in the younger adolescents of the Suvorov Military School through the work with the sounding word. Some features of the literary text perception by the Suvorovites have been analyzed, and the problems of the formation of the reader’s competence and interpretative skills have been identified, given a gender aspect. The paper also presents an interpretive analysis of the 5th-grade Suvorovites’ expressive reading of R. L. Stevenson’s ballad “Heather Honey” (translated by S. Ya. Marshak). This analysis of the Suvorovites work focuses on the development of emotional responsiveness, expansion of the intonation range, and teaching the empathetic principle in conjunction with the formation of ideas about the moral conceptual complex, which helps to deepen understanding of the ballad subtext and, therefore, not only improves the acting skills of the students but also cultivates their spiritual qualities (axiological aspect). Conclusion The study proves that the interconnection between the hermeneutic and axiological approaches to teaching expressive reading contributes to the efficient development of the interpretative skills of the Suvorovites-readers, allows them to penetrate the deepest meaning of the text, and forms the emotional intelligence and personal qualities of the first-year students of the Suvorov Military School. Keywords: expressive reading, interpretative abilities, hermeneutic approach, axiological approach, interpretative competence, acting analysis, emotional intelligence, text, subtext.
IMAGE OF WOMEN’S WEIGHTLIFTING: MAIN COMPONENTS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
Authors:   Moscow State Pedagogical University, Stepanova O. N. , Stepanova D. P. ,   Moscow State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2020

Purpose of research. The study aimed to develop a statistical model of an image of women’s weightlifting. Methods and organization of research. The first stage of the study involved interviewing 77 Moscow schoolgirls aged 12–14. The girls were asked to express their associations, thoughts, or value judgments related to women’s weightlifting. The obtained data were processed using qualitative and quantitative content analysis. The second stage of the study focused on selecting antonymic (opposite in meaning) pairs of statements characterizing women’s weightlifting. Thus, a set of 31 bipolar scales of the semantic differential was obtained. In the third stage of the study, the same 77 schoolgirls aged 12–14 were asked to evaluate their attitude to women’s weightlifting using the developed semantic differential scales. The obtained data underwent factor analysis with the rotation of reference axes according to the Varimax criterion. The result of factorization was a statistical model of the image of women’s weightlifting. Research result. The statistical (factor) model of the image of women’s weightlifting consists of seven components with groups of characteristics inherent in each of them: 1) aesthetic qualities, the popularity of the sport, its positive impact on the corporal and personal dimension of women; 2) gender appropriateness of the sport and its positive effect on health and social status of women; 3) accessibility (physical, financial) and safety of the sport; 4) the quality of the sports infrastructure, demand for this kind of sport among the youth; 5) influence on women’s social status; 6) positive impact on the moral and volitional powers of women going in for weightlifting; fashion for men’s sports; 7) public recognition of sporting success and achievements of national athletes. Conclusion. The results of the research can be used to develop a program for correcting the women’s weightlifting image and to formulate arguments for the successful positioning of women’s weightlifting among teenagers and young people. Keywords: women’s weightlifting, image, teenage girls, factor model of the women’s weightlifting image.
A STATISTICAL MODEL OF PROFESSIONAL IMAGE OF A SCHOOL SPORTS COACH
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Zagorodnikova A. Yu.
Published: December 2020

. Introduction. The relevance of this topic is determined by current problems in modern children and youth sports. The paper aims to develop a statistical (factor) model of the image of a school sports coach based on surveys of young athletes. Materials and methods. Surveys (questionnaires, interviews) were conducted, quantitative and qualitative content analysis and the factor analysis with the rotation of reference axes according to the Varimax criterion were used to build the model of a professional image of a school sports trainer. The results of the study. A statistical (factorial) school sports coach image model represented by five factors has been developed. The study proposes the identification of each factor and gives the content of the identified factors and their percentage ratio. Practical recommendations are formulated to build a positive image of the school sports trainer. Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to make practical recommendations for creating a positive image. They can also serve as a basis for developing a technology to improve the professional image of school sports trainers. Keyword: factor model of the image of school sports coach, image of school sports coach, factor analysis, young athletes.
APPLICATION OF GAME TECHNOLOGIES IN SOCIOCULTURAL ACTIVITY IN DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE ABILITIES OF CHILDREN
Authors:   Volgograd State Institute of Arts and Culture, Molchanova N. V.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The paper examines the features of using game technologies for organizing the work of a specialist in sociocultural activities. The subject of research is the features of the application of game technologies in sociocultural activities for the development of creative abilities in children. Materials and methods: The study employs the method of observation; analysis and generalization of scientific and research sources; study of the experience in sociocultural activities in the creative development of children; survey method; experimental work; project methods; and statistical methods of data processing. The research aims to identify the specific features and main trends in the use of game technologies for sociocultural activities in the development of children’s creative abilities. The objectives of the study are to define the aims of game activities; to develop a program for optimizing the use of game technologies in sociocultural institutions; to examine the effectiveness of games in a particular sociocultural institution in the city of Volgograd. Results: The research has identified the specific features of the development of children’s creative abilities; and indicated the effectiveness of game technologies for sociocultural activities in the development of children’s creative abilities. Conclusion: The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of modern game technologies and their adoption in the cultural and leisure institutions, and in the identification of the effect these technologies produce on the creative development of children. Keywords: sociocultural activity, game, game technologies, creative abilities, culture, art, development, technology.
THE PROBLEM FIELD OF MODERN HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Lapina O. A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The paper is concerned with the processes of professional-pedagogical education in modern higher educational institutions and the problems of business and speech culture that face the students involved in educational and cognitive activities. Objective. The objective of the paper is to substantiate the relationship between the activity of students in the educational process and the level of their human development and communicative creativity. The research aimed to develop a methodology to organize an educational process facilitating the actualization of professionally oriented thinking (the ability to understand, reveal, and explain the value of facts and phenomena). Materials and methods. The research methodology is a generalizing analysis of the problems of vocational education, its orientation, and contents at various levels of the specialist’s personality development. The units of practical assessment were self-esteem, speech activity, knowledge of the basic forms of work with words, and interpretation of meaning within the topic of reasoning. Research results.The findings have indicated the relationship between the student’s activity in the educational process and the level of their human development, communicative creativity, business and speech culture, passivity/activity in educational and cognitive activities, the degree of understanding the responsibility for choosing a profession, and the meaning of the “professionally-oriented rapport” concept. The ways of actualizing professionally-oriented thinking have been determined. A methodology for building an interest in the investigative type of thinking and the gradual conscious acquisition of a block of knowledge has been developed and tested. The study has clarified the professional significance of the organizational forms contributing to the development of cognitive and communicative competence of pro¬fessional thought creation. Discussion and conclusion. What are the advantages of the proposed model? It reveals the meaning of what has been learned, expands the desire to understand, conveys the essence of information, develops a professionally-oriented ability to substantiate one’s viewpoint; forms an opinion on science, a scientific subject, theory, and technology in a professionally significant field of activity. The research continues, however, the preliminary findings allow the following conclusions. The result of these actions is positive dynamics in understanding the value of teachers’ professional activity, the formation of a habit of self-organization and learn-and-create activity. Keywords: educational space of the university, professionally-oriented thinking, cognitive activity, culture of education, transformation of professional education, new literacy.
Effect of nutritional status on the course and outcomes of acute respiratory infections in children affecting the lower respiratory tract
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kremplevskaya S.P. ,   Khimki Regional Hospital, Khimki, Russian Federation, Muzyka A.D. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Melekhina E.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Fokina V.A. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Barykin V.I. ,   Khimki Regional Hospital, Khimki, Russian Federation, Mirzonov V.A. ,   Khimki Regional Hospital, Khimki, Russian Federation, Gorelov A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the effects of nutrition in children on the course and outcomes of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) affecting the lower respiratory tract. The clinical pathogenic aspects of the severe course of respiratory infections (including community-acquired pneumonia) in infants younger than 1 year of age with protein-energy malnutrition based on the recent foreign published data are addressed. The data on the association between nutrition prior to the onset of ARI and the course of bronchiolitis are uncovered. It was demonstrated that a child’s organism experiences protein deficiency during the acute fever resulting from reduced nutritional intake, increased protein loss, and the changes in protein metabolism. This leads to immune dysfunction. The authors report that all children older than 1 year of age who were admitted to hospitals with ARIs are underweight. Considering this, the development of diet correction algorithms using sipine products in children older than 1 year of age with the acute stage of respiratory infections is a relevant and littleknown issue. In addition to the correction of protein, fat, and carbohydrate composition of nutrition, a complex approach using vitamin mineral complexes, probiotics, and prebiotics is required. KEYWORDS: nutritional status, acute respiratory infections, community-acquired pneumonia, children older than 1 year of age, proteinenergy malnutrition. FOR CITATION: Kremplevskaya S.P., Muzyka A.D., Melekhina E.V. et al. Effect of nutritional status on the course and outcomes of acute respiratory infections in children affecting the lower respiratory tract. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(11):691–697. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-11-691-697.
Monostrain and multistrain probiotics for respiratory diseases in children
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dzottsoeva E.S. , Gorelov A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children are common conditions characterized by high morbidity. ARIs account for up to 75% of all cases of antibiotic use. Dysbiosis results in the impaired performance of vital functions, i.e., digestion, synthesis, colonization resistance, and the regulation of immune system. Probiotics are one of the effective tools to affect the composition of gut microbiota and to restore its metabolic activity. Probiotics, their effects on human organism, and their use in various diseases have received an enormous attention. Meanwhile, the use of antibiotics and the etiological diversity of ARIs account for the lack and irrationality of extensive preventive measures (as in flu) and raise the interest in non-specific prophylaxis. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB-12 are well-studied strains. Lactobacillus plantarum LP01 and LP02, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR04 and LR05, and Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 used as monostrain probiotics are also of interest. Multistrain probiotics are gaining traction. However, these probiotics are understudied and require more attention. KEYWORDS: microbiome, monostrain probiotics, multistrain probiotics, acute respiratory infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, antibiotic-associated syndrome, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium lactis. FOR CITATION: Dzottsoeva E.S., Gorelov A.V. Monostrain and multistrain probiotics for respiratory diseases in children. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(11):698–704. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-11-698-704.
Estrogénios tópicos na prevenção de infeções do trato urinário recorrentes em mulheres em pós-menopausa: uma revisão baseada na evidência
Authors:   Médico de Família, Oliveira Rita M. , Pereira Carina M. ,   Médico de Família, Silva Catarina Henriques da ,   Médico de Família
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Determinar a eficácia da utilização de estrogénios tópicos na prevenção de ITU recorrentes nas mulheres em pós-menopausa. Fonte de dados: MEDLINE, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines Finder, Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines, Cochrane Library, DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects) e Bandolier (pesquisa inicial) e referências bibliográficas dos artigos selecionados da pesquisa primária (pesquisa em cascata). Métodos de revisão: Foi feita uma pesquisa de normas de orientação clínica (NOC), meta-análises (MA), revisões sistemáticas (RS) e ensaios clínicos (EC) publicados entre janeiro de 2008 e abril de 2018, nas línguas inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa. Os termos MeSH utilizados foram Urinary Tract Infections, Postmenopause e Estrogens. Para a avaliação dos níveis de evidência e atribuição da força de recomendação foi utilizada a escala Strength Of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT), da American Family Physician, e para a avaliação da qualidade dos EC foi utilizada a escala de Jadad. Resultados: Da pesquisa efetuada obtiveram-se 69 artigos tendo sido selecionados sete que cumpriam a totalidade dos critérios de inclusão: três NOC e quatro RS. Não foram encontrados EC publicados no período de estudo. Apesar da maioria das RS e NOC se sustentarem nas mesmas fontes bibliográficas, as recomendações e respetivas forças de recomendação são ainda assim divergentes, provavelmente refletindo as limitações da evidência disponível. Conclusões: Face à existência de poucos EC e de qualidade insuficiente que sustentam a evidência atual, é atribuída uma força de recomendação B, de acordo com a escala SORT da American Family Physician, relativamente ao uso de estrogénios tópicos na mulher em pós-menopausa para a prevenção de ITU recorrentes. São necessários mais estudos de elevada qualidade, de metodologia e com maiores amostras e período de seguimento, que suportem a evidência de melhoria de resultados orientados para o doente.
Intoxicação por metotrexato: relato de caso
Authors:   Médico de Família, Ventura Ana Mafalda , Fernandes Maria Paula ,   Médico de Família, Franco Fátima ,   Médico de Família, Gomes Ana Luísa ,   Médico de Família
Published: December 2020

Introdução: Os medicamentos de alerta máximo têm um potencial de causar dano ao doente em caso de utilização incorreta, devido à gravidade dos seus efeitos adversos. O metotrexato (MTX) é um antimetabolito frequentemente utilizado no tratamento de doenças reumatológicas e um exemplo de medicamento de alerta máximo. Descrição de caso: Apresenta-se o caso de um doente de 64 anos que recorreu ao médico de família por quadro de disfagia, sensação de globus faríngeo, lesões cutâneas eritematosas pruriginosas e halitose. À observação apresentava extensa mucosite oral com edema da orofaringe. Após revisão terapêutica constatou-se que, por erro de interpretação, estaria a fazer diariamente 17,5mg de MTX com pausa semanal. Foi então referenciado ao serviço de urgência para observação por ORL e dermatologia e investigação adicional do quadro, nomeadamente de eventual toxicidade medular. Comentário: A forma mais comum de toxicidade por MTX é a sobredosagem acidental pelo doente, geralmente com efeitos secundários graves, podendo mesmo ser fatal. Este caso permite refletir sobre alguns aspetos importantes na segurança do medicamento com este tipo de fármacos.
Comunidade Formativa do Estoril: uma comunidade de prática centrada no internato médico e orientada para o futuro
Authors:   Médico de Família, Sá Vanessa , Coutinho Magda ,   Médico de Família, Póvoa Ana ,   Médico de Família, Medeiros Rita ,   Médico de Família, Santos Joana ,   Médico de Família, Biscaia André ,   Médico de Família, Couto Isabel ,   Médico de Família
Published: December 2020

Introdução: Uma comunidade de prática consiste num grupo de pessoas que se unem em torno de um mesmo tópico ou interesse, trabalhando em conjunto para melhorar o que fazem através de interações regulares. A Comunidade Formativa do Estoril reúne o grupo de orientadores e internos de medicina geral e familiar e saúde pública da zona do Estoril, com o objetivo de alargar o seu leque de experiências e vivências, espelhando os princípios de uma comunidade de prática. Este artigo relata a experiência desta Comunidade e tem como principal objetivo dar a conhecer as suas práticas, incentivar a partilha de experiências entre grupos e inspirar a formação de novas comunidades. Descrição: A Comunidade Formativa do Estoril nasceu no ano de 2015, composta pelos internos e orientadores de formação específica em medicina geral e familiar e de saúde pública de quatro das unidades funcionais do edifício de São João do Estoril do Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde (ACeS) de Cascais. Desde a criação da Comunidade, têm vindo a ser desenvolvidas várias atividades, como reuniões periódicas, elaboração do jornal e das I Jornadas da Comunidade Formativa do Estoril, entre outras. Conclusão: A Comunidade Formativa representa uma mais-valia para orientadores e internos, numa interação em que o todo é mais vasto do que a soma das partes. No caso da Comunidade Formativa do Estoril a proximidade originada pelo trabalho no mesmo edifício permitiu aos seus membros gerar este projeto, numa atmosfera colaborativa e de interajuda – uma comunidade frutífera, permeável ao que a rodeia e tendo sempre presente o desejo e a capacidade para evoluir através do contributo de cada novo membro e das interações que daí se criam.
A consulta telefónica em sete passos
Authors:   Médico de Família, Lobo Rui , Silva Eurico ,   Médico de Família
Published: December 2020

Em todo o mundo a prática de consulta telefónica encontra-se em forte expansão e existe boa evidência de que estas consultas, quando indicadas para a situação visada e adequadas aos objetivos pretendidos, proporcionam níveis elevados de satisfação dos utentes e de eficácia clínica. Entre outras vantagens, as consultas telefónicas permitem aumentar a acessibilidade dos utentes e reduzir custos e inconvenientes da deslocação das populações à sua unidade de saúde. Até há pouco tempo não havia nos cuidados de saúde primários em Portugal muita experiência no uso deste tipo de consultas e a sua prática encontra-se ainda associada a algumas limitações. Os autores propõem algumas estratégias, como a estruturação da consulta telefónica em sete passos e a otimização dos registos clínicos como ferramenta importante para aumentar a sua eficácia e eficiência, rentabilizando o tempo dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos e fazendo destas um bom complemento à atividade assistencial presencial.
Effect of eating habits, BMI value, physical activity and smoking cigarettes on blood lipid indices of adolescent boys from Poland
Authors: Piotrowska Ewa , Godyla-Jabłoński Michaela , Bronkowska Monika
Published: December 2020

Background. The lifestyle of young boys has impact on the risks of cardiovascular diseases.
Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of atherosclerosis risk factors determined by overweight and obesity and lifestyle, i.e.: eating habits, low physical activity and smoking cigarettes, on blood lipid profile of boys at the age of 16 to 18.
Material and Methods. The study covered 369 boys from secondary schools. They were evaluated for the supply of dietary constituents with atherogenic and protective actions, for nutritional status acc. to Cole’s criteria, the level of physical activity, and smoking cigarettes. Lipid metabolism was determined based on criteria recommended by the American National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Logistic regression analysis was conducted and risk odds ratio [OR] was determined.
Results. Analyses showed the boys to be characterized by overweight (10.8%) and obesity (2.7%), and by inappropriate concentration of total cholesterol (26.5%), LDL (13.3%), HDL (21.7%) and triglycerides (41.7%). High BMI turned out to be a significant risk factor of an elevated total cholesterol concentration: [aOR]=2.27; triglycerides: [aOR]=2.35 and LDL: [aOR]=2.41. Low physical activity was found to negatively affect the concentration of LDL: [aOR]=1.88. The boys smoking cigarettes were shown to have a reduced HDL: [aOR]=1.65. The total content of fat and saturated fatty acids in diet exerted a significantly negative impact on blood lipid profile of the boys.
Conclusions. The lifestyle of the young boys was demonstrated to determine the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity in particular, were found to be a significant risk factor of disorders in their lipid metabolism.
Knowledge on risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus among secondary school students
Authors: Góra Aleksandra , Szczepańska Elżbieta , Janion Karolina
Published: December 2020

Background. Diabetes is a set of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by improper action and/or secretion of insulin. Currently, diabetes is becoming a serious challenge in modern medicine, this disease affects 425 million people, and the forecasts indicate that by 2045 the number of cases will increase to 629 million.
Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge about risk factors for type 2 diabetes among secondary school students in the Silesian Province in Poland and to determine whether there are differences between the level of knowledge between girls and boys and between first-, second- and third-grade students.
Material and methods. The survey was conducted among 650 high school students. The research tool was the author's questionnaire. The obtained results were developed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistica 13.3 (TIBCO Inc.).
Results. The definitions of type 2 diabetes were known to 63.9%. 91.8% of high school students indicated excessive body mass as a risk factor for morbidity, while 18.8% of people indicated the appropriate type of obesity increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes. Most of the students considered abnormal eating habits as an important factor increasing the occurrence of the disease (92.4%). The most numerous group of high school students were people with average level of knowledge (89.6%).
Conclusions. The knowledge of high school students about risk factors for type 2 diabetes was varied. The most numerous group were high school students characterised by the average level of knowledge. There were no statistically significant differences between the proportion of correctly provided responses by women and men. There were statistically significant differences between the proportion of correctly provided responses by first-, second- and third-graders. Our research shows that educational activities should be undertaken, especially about modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
Strawberry: evolution of the domestic assortment and direction of selection
Authors: Marchenko Lyudmila
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the varieties of strawberry included in the State register of breeding achievements, approved for use in the Russian Federation in 2020 to identify promising areas of crop selection. Methods. The analytical method was used to evaluate varieties by the terms of their inclusion in the state register, maturation period, signs of adaptation and productivity. Results. Analysis of the assortment allows us to conclude that out of 88 short-day varieties, the greater variety is represented in the Central (33 varieties), North Caucasus (28 varieties), Volga-Vyatka (25 varieties), and West Siberian (25 varieties) regions. The main part of varieties is accounted for by domestic selection. The basis of the industrial assortment is still short-day varieties (the usual type of fruiting). Most of the varieties (56 pcs.) belong to the average maturation period. Early maturation period is characterized by 19 varieties, late – 13 varieties. For most areas of domestic berry growing, winter hardiness remains the limiting factor for growing strawberry crops. Only 9.1 % of varieties have the highest resistance to winter damage factors (they are zoned in more than five regions). In the southern regions, drought tolerance and heat tolerance are important signs of adaptability of varieties. The ability of strawberry varieties to resist the most common diseases that cause economic damage to the crop is still an important component in the development of varieties and the main way to obtain high-quality products. The analysis revealed that the task of creating varieties of early and late maturation periods is still relevant. At the present stage, solving the problem of improving the quality characteristics of strawberries in accordance with market requirements is a priority for the formation of a competitive assortment. Scientific novelty. Based on a comparative analysis of strawberry varieties included in the state register, as well as the achievements of crop selection at the present stage in Russia and abroad, the directions for possible improvement of the domestic assortment are identified.
Expression pattern of MRPS18 family genes in malignantly transformed b-cells
Authors: Kovalevska L. , Kashuba E.
Published: December 2020

Summary. Aim: To compare expression patterns of proteins of a family of mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18 (MRPS18) in tumor cell lines of the B-cell origin. Materials and Methods: The study has been performed on different subsets of tonsil B-cells and tumor cell lines of the B-cell origin using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, bioinformatic analysis of the publicly available data bases on expression. Results: We have found that genes of the MRPS18 family (1–3) show different expression patterns in tumor cell lines of the B-cell origin. The highest levels of expression were shown for MRPS18-3, the lowest — for MRPS18-1. MRPS18-2 was expressed at the highest levels in germinal center cells, Burkitt lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines. At the protein levels, MRPS18-2 showed the highest expression in Burkitt lymphoma and B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. In lymphoblastoid cell lines, and in germinal center B-cells MRPS18-2 levels were somewhat lower, but higher than in memory and plasma B-cells. Conclusions: The differential expression pattern of the MRPS18 family proteins suggests that they play various roles in cellular processes.