bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Persistence of Gender Inequality in e-Science: The Case of eSec
Authors: Karakaş Öznur
Published: June 2024

E-science, or networked, collaborative and multidisciplinary scientific research on a shared e-infrastructure using computational tools, methods and applications, has also brought about new networked organizational forms in the transition of higher education towards the entrepreneurial academy. While the under-representation of women in ICTs is well-recorded, it is also known that the potential of new organizational forms such as networked structures to promote gender equality remains ambiguous, as they tend to perpetuate already existing inequalities due to their embeddedness in larger and longer-term structural or institutional gender effects. Based on a year-long ethnographic study in a networked academic e-science collaboration in Sweden and 45 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with its affiliated researchers, this article analyzes the multi-level obstacles to achieving gender equality in e-science to highlight the ways in which gendered disparities persist in this new, project-based academic networked organization in Sweden, hereafter called eSec. At the organizational level eSec remains deeply embedded in the traditional disciplinary and institutional academic setting, inadvertently reproducing existing gender imbalances across sciences. Furthermore, as a project-based organization, it is also embedded in the shift towards an entrepreneurial university model driven by new managerialism, the latter having a well-documented adverse effect in gender equality. This represents a structural-level obstacle which leads to especially female junior faculty leaving academy for industry. An individual level obstacle is observed alongside these as disavowal (Verleugnung) of gender disparities, an affect identified as a key mechanism of subjectivation in neoliberalism.
Whether Prayer Among Polish Employees Is Related to Egoism at Work: The Moderating Role of Employees’ Perception of Their Relationship With God and the Mediating Role of Humility
Authors: Wnuk Marcin
Published: June 2024

Prayer can provide some benefits at work, but only if it is connected with strengthening the person’s close and truthful relationship with God. There is a lack of research regarding the role of this religious practice in antisocial behavior at work and the mechanisms explaining these links. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying the association between prayer and egoism at work, taking into account the perception of the relationship with God as a moderator and humility as well as lack of haughtiness as mediators in this connection. The study sample consisted of 754 full-time Polish employees. The mechanisms underpinning the association between prayer and egoism at work were shown. Only for those employees with the highest results in their perception of their relationship with God was prayer positively related to humility and lack of haughtiness and negatively related to egoism at work. Moreover, only in a group of employees with higher than average results in their perception of their relationship to God was a moderated mediating effect noticed. In representatives of this group, prayer was positively related to humility and a lack of haughtiness, which in turn negatively predicted egoism at work. The benefits of prayer at work—humility and a lack of haughtiness and egoism—were confirmed, but only for employees with a perceived close relationship with God. In Polish employees who perceive that they have a close relationship with God, prayer is recommended for cultivating humility and reducing haughtiness as well as egoism at work.
Protocols versus practice: unravelling clinical checking variations in community pharmacies in England—a multi-method study
Authors: Elgebli Ali , Hall Jason , Phipps Denham L.
Published: June 2024

Background

Standardisation, a widely accepted concept for risk management, entails designing and implementing task-specific operating procedures. In community pharmacies, Standardised Operating Procedures (SOPs) are a mandatory requirement and are recognised as essential for upholding safety and quality.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate community pharmacists’ (CPs) compliance with SOPs when checking prescriptions, and the reasons for variations between standardised protocols and practice.

Method

Eight sets of SOPs underwent hierarchical task analysis (HTA) to generate a normative description of clinical checking execution as per protocols. Subsequently, twelve CPs were engaged in a simulated clinical checking exercise, verbalising their thoughts while checking virtual prescriptions. Transcribed data underwent content analysis, aligned with a descriptive model to uncover engagement patterns, and disparities between SOPs and CPs’ practices. Finally, a focus group discussion took place to contextualise the observed variations.

Results

HTA aided in constructing a clinical checking model with six primary subtasks and 28 lower subtasks. CPs often omitted subtasks during checks, diverging from prescribed protocols. These deviations, observed in controlled environment, reveal an ingrained aspect within the professional culture of pharmacists, where there may be a tendency not to strictly adhere to protocols, despite variations in work conditions. Contributing factors to this culture include the exercise of professional judgment, reliance on others, and prioritisation of patient preferences.

Conclusion

This study highlights ongoing deviations from SOPs during clinical prescription checks in community pharmacies, suggesting a cultural tendency. Future research should delve into risk management strategies for these deviations and address the delicate balance between flexibility and stringent compliance.
Justification as a dimension of rationality
Authors: Siscoe Robert Weston
Published: June 2024

How are justified belief and rational belief related? Some philosophers think that justified belief and rational belief come to the same thing. Others take it that justification is a matter of how well a particular belief is supported by the evidence, while rational belief is a matter of how well a belief coheres with a person’s other beliefs. In this paper, I defend the view that justification is a dimension of rationality, a view that can make sense of both of these conflicting accounts. When it modifies belief, ‘rational’ is a multidimensional adjective, as there are multiple dimensions along which a belief can be rational. I will argue that one of these dimensions is justification, an account that can not only explain why philosophers give diverging theories of the relationship between justified belief and rational belief, but can also reveal why rational belief and justified belief are closely related despite being distinct.
Saving logic from paradox via nonclassical recapture
Authors: Castaldo Luca
Published: June 2024

The Liar paradox arguably shows that a coherent and self-applicable notion of truth is governed by nonclassical logic. It then seems natural to conclude that classical logic is inadequate for defining a truth theory. In this article, we argue that this is not the case. In the spirit of Reinhardt (Math Logic Formal Syst 94:227, 1985; J Philos Logic 15:219–251, 1986), and in analogy with Hilbert’s program for the foundation of classical mathematics, we will articulate an instrumentalist justification for the use classical logic: it will be argued that classical reasoning is a useful but dispensable instrument, which can yield philosophically adequate truth theories.
Motivating a standardised approach to financial intelligence: a typological scoping review of money laundering methods and trends
Authors: Akartuna Eray Arda , Johnson Shane D. , Thornton Amy
Published: June 2024

Objectives

A comprehensive scoping review, followed by visual analyses of results, was conducted to understand the overall money laundering threat landscape.

Methods

A PRSIMA-ScR-compliant review of 105 money laundering ‘typologies and trends’ reports was conducted, coding different components of money laundering and addressing the often-inconsistent nature of typologies reporting.

Results

The review identified 16 typologies, over 200 value instruments, over 200 actors/entities and 2565 red-flag indicators relevant to money laundering. Results were visualised to identify aggregate trends, including the suspicious activities with which these actors/entities and value instruments are typically involved.

Conclusion

The review suggests that a more holistic and cross-typological approach to reporting money laundering-related financial intelligence can assist in fostering better data sharing and cooperation across jurisdictions. Implications are drawn for how ‘typologies’ can be reported and articulated across relevant stakeholders in a more standardised and effective manner to improve prevention measures.
Advances in the integration of microalgal communities for biomonitoring of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems of sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mulenga Mary , Monde Concillia , Johnson Todd , Ouma Kennedy O. , Syampungani Stephen
Published: June 2024

This review elucidated the recent advances in integrating microalgal communities in monitoring metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It also highlighted the potential of incorporating microalgae as bioindicators in emerging technologies, identified research gaps, and suggested directions for further research in biomonitoring of metal pollution. Reputable online scholarly databases were used to identify research articles published between January 2000 and June 2023 for synthesis. Results indicated that microalgae were integrated either individually or combined with other bioindicators, mainly macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, and fish, alongside physicochemical monitoring. There was a significantly low level of integration (< 1%) of microalgae for biomonitoring aquatic metal pollution in SSA compared to other geographical regions. Microalgal communities were employed to assess compliance (76%), in diagnosis (38%), and as early-warning systems (38%) of aquatic ecological health status. About 14% of biomonitoring studies integrated microalgal eDNA, while other technologies, such as remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and biosensors, are yet to be significantly incorporated. Nevertheless, there is potential for the aforementioned emerging technologies for monitoring aquatic metal pollution in SSA. Future monitoring in the region should also consider the standardisation and synchronisation of integrative biomonitoring and embrace the “Citizen Science” concept at national and regional scales.

Graphical abstract
Two-dimensional materials for future information technology: status and prospects
Authors: Qiu Hao , Yu Zhihao , Zhao Tiange , Zhang Qi , Xu Mingsheng , Li Peifeng , Li Taotao , Bao Wenzhong , Chai Yang , Chen Shula , Chen Yiqi , Cheng Hui-Ming , Dai Daoxin , Di Zengfeng , Dong Zhuo , Duan Xidong , Feng Yuhan , Fu Yu , Guo Jingshu , Guo Pengwen , Hao Yue , He Jun , He Xiao , Hu Jingyi , Hu Weida , Hu Zehua , Huang Xinyue , Huang Ziyang , Imran Ali , Kong Ziqiang , Li Jia , Li Qian , Li Weisheng , Liao Lei , Liu Bilu , Liu Can , Liu Chunsen , Liu Guanyu , Liu Kaihui , Liu Liwei , Liu Sheng , Liu Yuan , Lu Donglin , Ma Likuan , Miao Feng , Ni Zhenhua , Ning Jing , Pan Anlian , Ren Tian-Ling , Shu Haowen , Sun Litao , Sun Yue , Tao Quanyang , Tian Zi-Ao , Wang Dong , Wang Hao , Wang Haomin , Wang Jialong , Wang Junyong , Wang Wenhui , Wang Xingjun , Wang Yeliang , Wang Yuwei , Wang Zhenyu , Wen Yao , Wu Haidi , Wu Hongzhao , Wu Jiangbin , Wu Yanqing , Xia Longfei , Xiang Baixu , Xing Luwen , Xiong Qihua , Xiong Xiong , Xu Jeffrey , Xu Tao , Xu Yang , Yang Liu , Yang Yi , Yang Yuekun , Ye Lei , Ye Yu , Yu Bin , Yu Ting , Zeng Hui , Zhang Guangyu , Zhang Hongyun , Zhang Jincheng , Zhang Kai , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xinbo , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhao Chunsong , Zhao Yuda , Zheng Ting , Zhou Peng , Zhou Shuyun , Zhu Yuxuan , Yang Deren , Shi Yi , Wang Han , Wang Xinran
Published: June 2024

Over the past 70 years, the semiconductor industry has undergone transformative changes, largely driven by the miniaturization of devices and the integration of innovative structures and materials. Two-dimensional (2D) materials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and graphene are pivotal in overcoming the limitations of silicon-based technologies, offering innovative approaches in transistor design and functionality, enabling atomic-thin channel transistors and monolithic 3D integration. We review the important progress in the application of 2D materials in future information technology, focusing in particular on microelectronics and optoelectronics. We comprehensively summarize the key advancements across material production, characterization metrology, electronic devices, optoelectronic devices, and heterogeneous integration on silicon. A strategic roadmap and key challenges for the transition of 2D materials from basic research to industrial development are outlined. To facilitate such a transition, key technologies and tools dedicated to 2D materials must be developed to meet industrial standards, and the employment of AI in material growth, characterizations, and circuit design will be essential. It is time for academia to actively engage with industry to drive the next 10 years of 2D material research.
Electrostatic Dipole Polarizability and Plasmon Resonances of Multilayer Nanoshells
Authors: Ugwuoke Luke. C. , Tame Mark. S.
Published: June 2024

We propose a generalized formula for calculating the dipole polarizability of spherical multilayer nanoshells (MNSs) within the long-wavelength approximation (LWA). Given a MNS with a finite number of concentric layers, radii, and dielectric properties, embedded in a dielectric medium, in the presence of a uniform electric field, we show that its frequency-dependent and complex dipole polarizability can be expressed in terms of the dipole polarizability of the preceding MNS. This approach is different from previous more involved methods where the LWA polarizability of a MNS is usually derived from scattering coefficients. Using both finite-element method- and Mie theory-based simulations, we show that our proposed formula reproduces the usual LWA results, when it is used to predict absorption spectra, by comparing the results to simulated spectra obtained from MNSs with n number of layers up to n = 6 layers. An iterative algorithm for calculating the dipole polarizability of a MNS based on the generalized formula is presented. A Fröhlich function whose zeroes correspond to the dipolar localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) supported by the MNS is proposed. We identify a pairing behaviour by some LSPRs in the Fröhlich function that might also be useful for mode characterization.
Effect of trabecular architectures on the mechanical response in osteoporotic and healthy human bone
Authors: Bregoli Chiara , Biffi Carlo Alberto , Tuissi Ausonio , Buccino Federica
Published: June 2024

Research at the mesoscale bone trabeculae arrangement yields intriguing results that, due to their clinical resolution, can be applied in clinical field, contributing significantly to the diagnosis of bone-related diseases. While the literature offers quantitative morphometric parameters for a thorough characterization of the mesoscale bone network, there is a gap in understanding relationships among them, particularly in the context of various bone pathologies. This research aims to bridge these gaps by offering a quantitative evaluation of the interplay among morphometric parameters and mechanical response at mesoscale in osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic bones. Bone mechanical response, dependent on trabecular arrangement, is defined by apparent stiffness, computationally calculated using the Gibson-Ashby model. Key findings indicate that: (i) in addition to bone density, measured using X-ray absorptiometry, trabecular connectivity density, trabecular spacing and degree of anisotropy are crucial parameters for characterize osteoporosis state; (ii) apparent stiffness values exhibit strong correlations with bone density and connectivity density; (iii) connectivity density and degree of anisotropy result the best predictors of mechanical response. Despite the inherent heterogeneity in bone structure, suggesting the potential benefit of a larger sample size in the future, this approach presents a valuable method to enhance discrimination between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic samples.

Graphical Abstract
Microstructural Analysis of K-TIG-Welded New Ni-Based Superalloy VDM Alloy 780
Authors: Ariaseta Achmad , Khan Abdul Khaliq , Andersson Joel , Ojo Olanrewaju
Published: June 2024

The fusion zone microstructures in K-TIG-welded and post-weld solution heat-treated new superalloy VDM Alloy 780 were examined. In addition, the kinetics of the base metal grain growth during solution heat treatments were analyzed. (S)TEM analyses show that major interdendritic microconstituents formed in the fusion zone due to elemental microsegregation are MC carbides and coarse irregularly shaped Laves phase. Additionally, minor secondary interdendritic phases are found to include γ′, γ″, and tiny plate-like Laves particles. To prevent any potential deterioration of mechanical properties caused by the irregular Laves phase, post-weld solution heat treatments (PWSHTs) at 954 °C to 1060 °C/1 hours were performed to remove the Laves phase. PWSHT at 954 °C only partially eliminates the Laves particles while forming an abundance of interdendritic δ/η phase. Laves phase is dissolved entirely without forming δ/η platelets after PWSHT at 1060 °C. It is proven that Laves eutectics in VDM Alloy 780’s fusion zone can be eliminated through PWSHT without significantly coarsening the base metal’s grain size in comparison to Alloy 718 as a result of substantial grain growth inhibition likely caused by solute segregation at grain boundaries.
Navigating paradoxical tension: the influence of big corporations on startup sustainability performance in asymmetric collaborations
Authors: Ammirato Salvatore , Felicetti Alberto Michele , Filippelli Serena , Maran Thomas
Published: June 2024

In today's competitive landscape, startups and large corporations increasingly acknowledge the mutual benefits of collaboration. Despite the apparent benefits, collaborations come with their own set of challenges that may affect their success. This research delves into the dynamics of collaborations between startups and large corporations, assuming the startup’s perspective. It aims to explore the paradoxical tensions arising from this asymmetrical relationship and how they impact the sustainability performance of startups. It further investigates how startups manage the pressures of large corporations to prioritise short-term gains over long-term sustainability goals, examining the role of ambidexterity in maintaining a commitment to sustainability when facing these challenges. Through a survey conducted among 189 Born-Sustainable Italian startups engaged in open innovation initiatives with large corporations, this paper seeks to uncover how these pressures influence startups' ability to achieve sustainable performance and balance immediate performance expectations with long-term sustainability goals. The findings are expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that enable startups to navigate the complexities of collaborations, enhancing innovation, resilience, and sustainability performance, thus fostering a more collaborative and productive partnership.
Screening and Testing for Homologous Recombination Repair Deficiency (HRD) in Breast Cancer: an Overview of the Current Global Landscape
Authors: Daly Gordon R. , Naidoo Sindhuja , Alabdulrahman Mohammad , McGrath Jason , Dowling Gavin P. , AlRawashdeh Maen M. , Hill Arnold D. K. , Varešlija Damir , Young Leonie
Published: June 2024

Purpose of Review

Homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD) increases breast cancer susceptibility and influences both prophylactic and active management of breast cancer. This review evaluates HRD testing and the therapeutic implications of HRD in a global context.

Recent Findings

Ongoing research efforts have highlighted the importance of HRD beyond BRCA1/2 as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. However, despite the improved affordability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the discovery of PARP inhibitors, economic and geographical barriers in access to HRD testing and breast cancer screening do not allow all patients to benefit from the personalized treatment approach they provide.

Advancements in HRD testing modalities and targeted therapeutics enable tailored breast cancer management. However, inequalities in access to testing and optimized treatments are contributing to widening health disparities globally.
The aortic root, do we see the ‘hole’ picture?
Authors: Belitsis Georgios , Finch Jonathan Robert
Published: June 2024

The aortic root is the segment of the aorta between the left ventricular outflow tract and the sinotubular junction of the ascending aorta, and, on one level, is merely a tube, with a valve at its base, dynamic structures below it, and notable for having the life-limiting coronary arteries originate within its sinuses. However, we propose that the perception of the aortic root has been historically grossly over-simplified by virtue of a bias towards its internal aspect, in terms of coronary ostia and subvalvar relationships through the fibrous skeleton and in so-doing a myocardial component on the external aspect has all but been ignored. This myocardial mass, a component of the left ventricular free wall, is sometimes termed the ‘left ostial process’ but appears to be rarely, if ever, considered by anatomists, cardiologists, and surgeons alike. By virtue of its direct continuity to the aortic root and proximal left coronary artery, it may have unique roles and, at the very least, deserves greater recognition and investigation. Herein, we propose that it could play a crucial role in cardiac embryology including coronary dominance, and may afford a physiological advantage, to the extent that it may have been selected for in evolutionary terms.
Consortium blockchain based secure and efficient data aggregation and dynamic billing system in smart grid
Authors: Oksuz Ozgur
Published: June 2024

In a smart grid, collected electricity consumption periodically from smart meters allow entities to bill the customers, power company to operate the grid successfully, and users to control the use of their appliances. However, energy consumptions of users should be protected since the data provides the user’s daily habit that an adversary uses the data to extract useful information about the users. Moreover, users’ identities should not be disclosed to untrusted entities since the untrusted entities map identities to their real identities. In this paper, we propose a system that protects users’ data privacy using multi-pseudorandom identities and a randomization technique. Moreover, the proposed work provides fast authentication for smart meters to send their readings to data aggregators. Furthermore, the proposed work is based on consortium blockchain to eliminate a single point of failure and provides transparency of messages and operations. In addition, we use dynamic billing and pricing mechanism for the users to see their bills.
NMR chemical shift assignment of Drosophila odorant binding protein 44a in complex with 8(Z)-eicosenoic acid
Authors: Cotten Myriam L. , Starich Mary R. , He Yi , Yin Jun , Yuan Quan , Tjandra Nico
Published: June 2024

The odorant binding protein, OBP44a is one of the most abundant proteins expressed in the brain of the developing fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Its cellular function has not yet been determined. The OBP family of proteins is well established to recognize hydrophobic molecules. In this study, NMR is employed to structurally characterize OBP44a. NMR chemical shift perturbation measurements confirm that OBP44a binds to fatty acids. Complete assignments of the backbone chemical shifts and secondary chemical shift analysis demonstrate that the apo state of OBP44a is comprised of six α-helices. Upon binding 8(Z)-eicosenoic acid (8(Z)-C20:1), the OBP44a C-terminal region undergoes a conformational change, from unstructured to α-helical. In addition to C-terminal restructuring upon ligand binding, some hydrophobic residues show dramatic chemical shift changes. Surprisingly, several charged residues are also strongly affected by lipid binding. Some of these residues could represent key structural features that OBP44a relies on to perform its cellular function. The NMR chemical shift assignment is the first step towards characterizing the structure of OBP44a and how specific residues might play a role in lipid binding and release. This information will be important in deciphering the biological function of OBP44a during fly brain development.
Regulating microstructure and composition by carbonizing in-situ grown metal-organic frameworks on cotton fabrics for boosting electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Jin Jie , Long Hongsen , Liu Hu , Guo Yan , Bai Tiantian , Xu Ben Bin , Amin Mohammed A. , Qiu Hua , Helal Mohamed H. , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu , El-Bahy Zeinhom M. , Guo Zhanhu
Published: June 2024

High-temperature carbonized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives have demonstrated their superiority for promising electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers, but they still suffer from limited EMW absorption capacity and narrow bandwidth. Considering the advantage of microstructure and chemical composition regulation for the design of EMW absorber, hierarchical heterostructured MoS2/CoS2-Co3O4@cabonized cotton fabric (CF) (MCC@CCF) is prepared by growing ZIF-67 MOFs onto CF surface, chemical etching, and carbonization. Aside from the dual loss mechanism of magnetic-dielectric multicomponent carbonized MOFs, chemical etching and carbonization process can effectively introduce abundant micro-gap structure that can result in better impedance matching and stronger absorption capacity via internal reflection, doped heteroatoms (Mo, N, S) to supply additional dipolar polarization loss, and numerous heterointerfaces among MoS2, CoS2, Co3O4, and CCF that produce promoted conduction loss and interfacial polarization loss. Thus, a minimal reflection loss of −52.87 dB and a broadest effective absorption bandwidth of 6.88 GHz were achieved via tunning the sample thickness and filler loading, showing excellent EMW absorption performances. This research is of great value for guiding the research on MOFs derivatives based EMW absorbing materials.
Optimization of precharge placement in sheet molding compound process
Authors: Ebrahimian Fariba , Rodriguez Sebastian , Di Lorenzo Daniele , Chinesta Francisco
Published: June 2024

This study aims to provide precise predictions for the compression of reinforced polymers during the sheet Molding Compound (SMC) process, ensuring the attainment of a predefined structure while preventing material overflow during the process. The primary challenge revolves around identifying the optimal initial shape to prevent material rebound during the process. To confront this issue, a numerical model is utilized, faithfully simulating the SMC process and forming the foundation for our investigations. Furthermore, to optimize the pre-fill stage, a surrogate model is proposed to enhance modeling efficiency, and then an inverse analysis method is applied. This approach of minimizing material rebound during the SMC process results in a reliable metamodel to predict an initial mass shape accurately and at a low computational cost, thus ensuring the squeezed material fits the mold shape.
Exploring an Organizational-Level Mindfulness-Based Intervention in Private Workplace Settings
Authors: Bonde Emilie H. , Mikkelsen Eva G. , Fjorback Lone O. , Juul Lise
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility assessed by reach and dose of an organizational-level workplace-adapted mindfulness-based intervention (MBI). Secondarily, potential changes in mental health and organizational outcomes were evaluated.

Method

Using a quasi-experimental design without a control group, the study included four small- and medium-sized private companies. A three-step MBI was delivered live online via Zoom. Feasibility was assessed using data on reach (number of participants) and dose (number of sessions attended). Data on mental health and organizational outcomes were collected at baseline and 3- and 12-month follow-up and analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression for continuous variables, and mixed-effects logistic regression for dichotomous variables.

Results

In total, 278 (75.54%) employees and managers participated in an introductory session, and 169 (45.92%) signed up for a workplace-adapted 10-week MBSR course, while 3 (75.00%) companies participated in an implementation workshop. Among MBSR-participants, the median dosage was 9/10 sessions in three companies, and 8/10 in one company. Only small statistically non-significant changes were seen in mental health outcomes, such as tendencies to decreased perceived stress and increased well-being at 3-month follow-up. However, these tendencies were not sustained at 12-month follow-up. Yet, a positive impact was seen on respondents’ ability to decenter, and thus observe one’s thoughts and feelings, at both 3- and 12-month follow-up. Organizational impact at 3-month follow-up varied across outcome measures, with a statistically significant reduced likelihood of occasionally experiencing negative acts. However, at 12-month follow-up, this reduction was no longer statistically significant, and measures of social capital and psychological safety had generally decreased.

Conclusions

This workplace MBI is deemed feasible. However, the potential impacts on mental health and organizational outcomes remain unclear.

Preregistration

This study is registered at ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN93567471).
The potent potential of MFAP2 in prognosis and immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Huang Jing , Xu Yuting , Qi Shengnan , Zheng Qi , Cui Can , Liu Lei , Liu Fan
Published: June 2024

Backgrounds

Microfibril-associated protein 2 (MFAP2) is a protein presenting in the extracellular matrix that governs the activity of microfibrils through its interaction with fibrillin. While the involvement of MFAP2 in metabolic disorders has been documented, its expression and prognostic significance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unexplored.

Methods

We acquired datasets pertaining to breast cancer (BC) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Next, a Venn diagram was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs were used to perform Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein–protein interaction (PPI), immune and survival analysis. The expressions of MFAP2, PD-1 and PD-L1 were examined by immunohistochemistry and western blot and their relationship with clinical pathological parameters were analyzed by clinical specimen samples from patients with TNBC. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER, https://cistrome.shinyapps.io/timer/) was adopted to calculate the immune infiltration level of TNBC. The link between gene expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB) was described using Spearman’s correlation analysis.

Results

We identified 66 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were up-regulated. Among these DEGs, MFAP2 was found to be overexpressed in TNBC and was associated with a lower probability of survival. This finding was confirmed through the use of immunohistochemistry and western blot techniques. Additionally, MFAP2 was found to be related to various pathological parameters in TNBC patients. Mechanistically, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that MFAP2 primarily influenced cellular biological behavior in terms of epithelial mesenchymal transition, glycolysis, and apical junction. Notably, MFAP2 expression was positively correlated with the abundance of macrophages, while a negative correlation was observed with the abundance of B cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells through immune analysis. Furthermore, it was observed that MFAP2 displayed a negative correlation not only with tumor mutational burden (TMB), a recognized biomarker for PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, but also with PD-L1 in samples of TNBC.

Conclusion

MFAP2 may be an important prognostic biomarker for TNBC, as well as a viable target for immunotherapy in this disease.
The relationship between contrast-enhanced computed tomography radiomics features and mitosis karyorrhexis index in neuroblastoma
Authors: Chen Xin , Wang Haoru , Xia Yuwei , Shi Feng , He Ling , Liu Enmei
Published: June 2024

Objective

Mitosis karyorrhexis index (MKI) can reflect the proliferation status of neuroblastoma cells. This study aimed to investigate the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) radiomics features associated with the MKI status in neuroblastoma.

Materials and methods

246 neuroblastoma patients were retrospectively included and divided into three groups: low-MKI, intermediate-MKI, and high-MKI. They were randomly stratified into a training set and a testing set at a ratio of 8:2. Tumor regions of interest were delineated on arterial-phase CECT images, and radiomics features were extracted. After reducing the dimensionality of the radiomics features, a random forest algorithm was employed to establish a three-class classification model to predict MKI status.

Results

The classification model consisted of 5 radiomics features. The mean area under the curve (AUC) of the classification model was 0.916 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.913–0.921) in the training set and 0.858 (95% CI 0.841–0.864) in the testing set. Specifically, the classification model achieved AUCs of 0.928 (95% CI 0.927–0.934), 0.915 (95% CI 0.912–0.919), and 0.901 (95% CI 0.900–0.909) for predicting low-MKI, intermediate-MKI, and high-MKI, respectively, in the training set. In the testing set, the classification model achieved AUCs of 0.873 (95% CI 0.859–0.882), 0.860 (95% CI 0.852–0.872), and 0.820 (95% CI 0.813–0.839) for predicting low-MKI, intermediate-MKI, and high-MKI, respectively.

Conclusions

CECT radiomics features were found to be correlated with MKI status and are helpful for reflecting the proliferation status of neuroblastoma cells.
Bright X/$$\gamma$$-ray emission and lepton pair production by strong laser fields: a review
Authors: Yu Tong-Pu , Liu Ke , Zhao Jie , Zhu Xing-Long , Lu Yu , Cao Yue , Zhang Hao , Shao Fu-Qiu , Sheng Zheng-Ming
Published: June 2024

The advent of high-power ultra-short laser pulses opens up new frontiers of relativistic non-linear optics, high energy density physics and laboratory astrophysics. As the laser electric field in the particle rest frame approaches the Schwinger field $$E_{cr} = 1.3 \times 10^{18}\,\textrm{V} \textrm{m}^{-1}$$

E

cr

=
1.3
×

10
18

V

m

-
1

, the laser interaction with matter enters into the quantum electrodynamics (QED) dominated regime, where extremely rich non-linear phenomena take place, such as a violent acceleration of charged particles, copious lepton pair production, and ultra-brilliant X/$$\gamma$$
γ
-ray emission. Among them, X/$$\gamma$$
γ
-ray emission based on the laser-plasma is generally characterized by large photon flux, high brilliance, small source size, and high photon energy, which can even annihilate into lepton pairs by colliding with photons. Though various schemes have been proposed for bright high-energy photon emission and lepton generation and acceleration, many predictions remain to be confirmed and thoroughly tested in experiments. In this review, we introduce recent advances in bright X/$$\gamma$$
γ
-ray radiation and lepton pair generation in the QED regime by the interaction of relativistic intense lasers with various plasma targets. The characteristics of the radiation and secondary particles generated via these schemes are summarized, and the experimental progresses are elaborated.
Whole-genome resequencing of tea grey geometrid provides insights into their population structure and adaptation to tea crops
Authors: Yuan Ruizhong , Chen Yusi , Zhou Xiaogui , Shu Xiaohan , Lu Zhaohe , Tang Pu , Ye Xiqian , Wang Zhizhi
Published: June 2024

Tea grey geometrid, Ectropis grisescens (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), is a chewing defoliator of high fecundity and gluttony, whose larvae heavily consume leaves and shoots, and consequently cause significant losses to tea crops in terms of both yield and quality. Nevertheless, a lack of population genome information has hindered previous research on the species as a tea crop pest. Here, we re-sequenced genomes of 43 tea grey geometrid individuals representing 13 distinct geographic regions and 12 individuals of its sibling species, the tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), collected from four different sites in China. A genomic variation atlas of 627,569 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from whole-genome resequencing of 43 individuals was identified. Surprisingly, the populations of the tea grey geometrid (EG) are found to be assigned into two distinct subpopulations, EGA and EGB. The sample locations indicate that the subpopulation EGA is mainly distributed in the region of Zhejiang Province, where it co-occurred with tea geometrids (EO). The EGB subpopulation is distributed in the southern and central areas of China. Demographic history analysis has revealed fluctuations in population size of the tea grey geometrid over time, but following tea cultivation, the population size has started to stabilize. Meanwhile, the migration event analysis has uncovered a significant migration event between EGA and EO. Furthermore, genes (such as P-glycoprotein and lactase) under selection show possible metabolic adaptation of tea grey geometrid to the tea plants. These findings provide a broader foundation and additional resources for understanding the geometrid evolution and the genetic mechanisms underlying agriculturally important traits.
Space‐Time Monitoring of Seafloor Velocity Changes Using Seismic Ambient Noise
Authors: Guo Peng , Saygin Erdinc , Kennett Brian
Published: June 2024

We use seismic ambient noise recorded by dense ocean bottom nodes (OBNs) in the Gorgon gas field, Western Australia, to compute time‐lapse seafloor models of shear‐wave velocity. The extracted hourly cross‐correlation (CC) functions in the frequency band 0.1–1 Hz contain mainly Scholte waves with very high signal‐to‐noise ratio. We observe temporal velocity variations (dv/v) at the order of 0.1% with a peak velocity change of 0.8% averaged from all station pairs, from the conventional time‐lapse analysis with the assumption of a spatially homogeneous dv/v. With a high‐resolution reference (baseline) model from full waveform inversion of Scholte waves, we present an elastic wave equation based double‐difference inversion (EW‐DD) method, using arrival time differences between the reference and time‐lapsed Scholte waves, for mapping temporally varying dv/v in the heterogeneous subsurface. The time‐lapse velocity models reveal increasing/decreasing patterns of shear‐wave velocity in agreement with those from the conventional analysis. The velocity variation exhibits a ∼24‐hr cycling pattern, which appears to be inversely correlated with the diurnal variations in sea level height, possibly associated with dilatant effects for porous, low‐velocity shallow seafloor and rising pore pressure with higher sea level. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using dense passive seismic surveys and wave‐equation time‐lapse inversion for quantitative monitoring of subsurface property changes in the horizontal and depth domain.
Sources and Flux of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in the Hydrothermally Active Corner of a Backarc Basin (Southwestern Okinawa Trough)
Authors: Lin Yu‐Shih , Huang Wei‐Jen , Lin Li‐Hung , Lan Tefang , Shao Huan‐Jie , Su Chih‐Chieh , Fu Ke‐Hsien , Lee Hsiao‐Fen , Huang Chun‐Chieh , Wang Bo‐Shian , Takahata Naoto , Sano Yuji , Chen Song‐Chuen , Wang Yunshuen , Lee I‐Huan
Published: June 2024

CO2 released from subduction zones plays a vital role in the tectonic carbon cycle. However, the contribution of submarine backarc components to carbon emissions remains poorly understood compared to subaerial arc volcanos. This study utilized a combination of geochemical and hydrodynamic approaches to investigate the sources and flux of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the deep basin of the southwestern Okinawa Trough. Most deep‐water (depth ≥1,000 m) samples, even those retrieved from sites distant from active venting, exhibited mild geochemical anomalies of elevated 3He/4He ratios and higher DIC content than reference sites. Hydrodynamic observations using bottom‐mounted acoustic instruments in the deep basin revealed strong tidal currents and enhanced turbulent mixing. These findings suggest that active solute dispersal and mixing are responsible for the prevalence of mild geochemical anomalies in the basin. Mixing models indicated that hydrothermal vent fluids are the primary source of excess 3He and DIC above background levels in the deep basin, whereas both CO2 and mineral acid in hydrothermal fluids cause excess acidity. Based on hydrodynamic and geochemical data, a box model estimated a hydrothermal DIC flux of 0.62 ± 1.40 × 1010 mol y−1, equivalent to 40% of CO2 emissions from persistently degassing volcanos in the Ryukyu Arc. Our results suggest that submarine carbon emissions are quantitatively important in subduction systems with subaqueous backarc components.
The Importance of Contemporaneous Wind and pCO2 Measurements for Regional Air‐Sea CO2 Flux Estimates
Authors: Nickford S. , Palter J. B. , Mu L.
Published: June 2024

Few observational platforms are able to sustain direct measurements of all the key variables needed in the bulk calculation of air‐sea carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange, a capability newly established for some Uncrewed Surface Vehicles (USVs). Western boundary currents are particularly challenging observational regions due to strong variability and dangerous sea states but are also known hot spots for CO2 uptake, making air‐sea exchange quantification in this region both difficult and important. Here, we present new observations collected by Saildrone USVs in the Gulf Stream during the winters of 2019 and 2022. We compared Saildrone data across co‐located vehicles and against the Pioneer Array moorings to validate the data quality. We explored how CO2 flux estimates differ when all variables needed to calculate fluxes from the bulk formulas are simultaneously measured on the same platform, relative to the situation where in situ observations must be combined with publicly‐available data products. We systematically replaced variables in the bulk formula with those often used for local and regional flux estimates. The analysis revealed that when using the ERA‐5 reanalysis wind speed in place of in situ observations, the ocean uptake of CO2 is underestimated by 8%; this underestimate grows to 9% if the NOAA Marine Boundary Layer atmospheric CO2 product and ERA‐5 significant wave height are also used in place of in situ observations. Overall our findings point to the importance of collecting contemporaneous observations of wind speed and ocean pCO2 to reduce biases in estimates of regional CO2 flux, especially during high wind events.
Tropospheric and Stratospheric Boreal Winter Jet Response to Eddying Ocean in a Seasonal Forecast System
Authors: Hirahara S. , Ishikawa I. , Fujii Y. , Nakano H. , Tsujino H. , Adachi Y. , Naoe H.
Published: June 2024

Understanding the impacts of high‐resolution ocean model provides valuable insights for future research. However, the outcomes of sea surface state changes in both the tropics and mid‐latitudes remain unclear, and initialized seasonal forecasts have not been studied extensively. This study investigates the impact of ocean model resolution with the first long‐term hindcast experiment of an eddy‐resolving (0.1°) ocean model used for global seasonal forecasting. We show that using the high‐resolution ocean model significantly changes boreal winter jet streams in the atmosphere, based on the comparison of 30‐year hindcasts with ocean resolutions ranging from 1° to 0.1° for the Japan Meteorological Agency/Meteorological Research Institute Coupled Prediction System version 3. In boreal winters, the cold sea surface bias in the equatorial Pacific is significantly reduced, leading to an equatorward shift in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and enhanced convective activity in the western equatorial Pacific. The subtropical jet shifts equatorward due to the ITCZ shift and the weakening of equatorward propagation of mid‐latitude atmospheric eddies. The enhanced convective activity in the tropics has a remote influence in the mid‐latitudes, significantly reducing the upward eddy propagation of zonal wavenumber 1. Sea surface warm‐up in the mid‐latitudes partially cancels the reduction impact by enhancing the zonal wavenumber 2. Overall, the polar night jet accelerates due to the reduced supply of eddy forcing.
Assessing the Fidelity of Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Convective‐Scale Environments in the Warn‐On‐Forecast System Using Radiosondes
Authors: Schenkel Benjamin A. , Jones Thomas , Waugh Sean
Published: June 2024

Forecasts of tropical cyclone (TC) tornadoes are less skillful than their non‐TC counterparts at all lead times. The development of a convection‐allowing regional ensemble, known as the Warn‐on‐Forecast System (WoFS), may help improve short‐fused TC tornado forecasts. As a first step, this study investigates the fidelity of convective‐scale kinematic and thermodynamic environments to a preliminary set of soundings from WoFS forecasts for comparison with radiosondes for selected 2020 landfalling TCs. Our study shows reasonable agreement between TC convective‐scale kinematic environments in WoFS versus observed soundings at all forecast lead times. Nonetheless, WoFS is biased toward weaker than observed TC‐relative radial winds, and stronger than observed near‐surface tangential winds with weaker winds aloft, during the forecast. Analysis of storm‐relative helicity (SRH) shows that WoFS underestimates extreme observed values. Convective‐scale thermodynamic environments are well simulated for both temperature and dewpoint at all lead times. However, WoFS is biased moister with steeper lapse rates compared to observations during the forecast. Both CAPE and, to a lesser extent, 0–3‐km CAPE distributions are narrower in WoFS than in radiosondes, with an underestimation of higher CAPE values. Together, these results suggest that WoFS may have utility for forecasting convective‐scale environments in landfalling TCs with lead times of several hours.