bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Goat meat supply and demand in Vietnam: global context and opportunities and risks for smallholder producers
Authors: Olmo Luisa , Nguyen Huu Van , Nguyen Xuan Ba , Bui Thi Nga , Ngo Cuc Thi Kim , Nguyen Viet Don , Hoang Nam , Morales Luis Emilio , Walkden-Brown Stephen
Published: August 2024

Goats are the fastest increasing livestock population on earth, growing by 29% in the past decade. In Vietnam, goat numbers grew remarkably faster at 103% in the same period. To understand the reasons for this rapid growth and implications, we explored the characteristics of Vietnamese goat supply and demand and identified risks and opportunities for smallholder goat producers. Our analysis finds that the continued growth of goat consumption in Vietnam is driven by Vietnam’s: (1) large and growing population (97.3 million) and economy; (2) high meat consumption relative to Gross Domestic Product; (3) high social value placed on goat consumption; (4) increasing popularity of meat consumption; (5) established socio-cultural goat consumption practices; (6) increasing preference for grass-fed meat; and (7) increasing supply from neighbouring countries. As a result, growth in Vietnamese goat meat prices has continually outperformed growth in goat supply over the past decade. Supply is mainly produced by thousands of smallholder farmers in Vietnam and neighbouring Laos. Hence, there are important livelihood and rural development opportunities for producers to increase and diversify into goats. In Laos, each additional goat sold represents a 4.75% increase in smallholder household income per year. To reduce risks to goat producers, research is needed to: (1) forecast the current and future demand for goats in Vietnam to prevent oversupply leading to price collapse; (2) understand how premiums are awarded for goat characteristics; (3) investigate pathways for formalising trade and its impacts on smallholders; and (4) establish strategies for producers to improve supply without degrading natural resources, or increase disease outbreak risk.
Assessing local landowner versus non-local public support for a red wolf reintroduction using varying message treatments
Authors: Toth Madaline G. , Rubino Elena C.
Published: August 2024

Context Large carnivore reintroductions often face unique challenges, as they can conflict with human interests and face public opposition. To increase the probability of success, reintroduction programs can use strategic communications to increase public support and achieve conservation goals. Aims Although there is initial research testing theoretically-grounded messages on generating support for reintroductions, there is much to learn about the efficacy of messaging strategies, particularly how specific themes perform against each other. Despite the established importance of local support for successful reintroductions, there is little research examining local versus non-local communities’ responses to different messaging. This study fills these gaps by examining how strategic messaging can be employed to increase public support for a potential red wolf (Canis rufus) reintroduction in Ozark National Forest, Arkansas, USA. Methods We used an online survey panel of 844 Arkansas respondents to test five randomly assigned messages: a descriptive control and four treatments related to trust in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); red wolf benefits to humans; red wolf benefits to the ecosystem; and mitigating perceived red wolf risks. We compared Ozark National Forest-adjacent landowner (ONFALO) respondents to all other respondents to understand the effects of messaging on local versus non-local communities. Key results Our findings indicated significant differences among ONFALO respondents and other respondents. We found key differences in how messaging induced these two groups. Additionally, our pre-test-post-test approach demonstrated ONFALO were less influenced by messaging about a potential reintroduction than other respondents. Finally, we found that ONFALO respondents agreed with negative statements about red wolves more often than other respondents. Conclusions Overall, we conclude that messaging that highlights red wolf information may increase ONFALO respondents’ support for a potential red wolf reintroduction, and that efforts to increase self-efficacy in risk mitigation, and messaging related to ecosystem benefits of red wolves may also be beneficial. Implications Our results demonstrate the need for messaging related to wildlife reintroductions to be strategically tailored based on the audience, where specific attention should be paid to local community values and concerns.
Demonstratives as attention tools: Evidence of mentalistic representations within language
Authors: Jara-Ettinger Julian , Rubio-Fernandez Paula
Published: August 2024

Linguistic communication is an intrinsically social activity that enables us to share thoughts across minds. Many complex social uses of language can be captured by domain-general representations of other minds (i.e., mentalistic representations) that externally modulate linguistic meaning through Gricean reasoning. However, here we show that representations of others’ attention are embedded within language itself. Across ten languages, we show that demonstratives—basic grammatical words (e.g., “this”/“that”) which are evolutionarily ancient, learned early in life, and documented in all known languages—are intrinsic attention tools. Beyond their spatial meanings, demonstratives encode both joint attention and the direction in which the listener must turn to establish it. Crucially, the frequency of the spatial and attentional uses of demonstratives varies across languages, suggesting that both spatial and mentalistic representations are part of their conventional meaning. Using computational modeling, we show that mentalistic representations of others’ attention are internally encoded in demonstratives, with their effect further boosted by Gricean reasoning. Yet, speakers are largely unaware of this, incorrectly reporting that they primarily capture spatial representations. Our findings show that representations of other people’s cognitive states (namely, their attention) are embedded in language and suggest that the most basic building blocks of the linguistic system crucially rely on social cognition.
Loss of primary cilia and dopaminergic neuroprotection in pathogenic LRRK2-driven and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Khan Shahzad S. , Jaimon Ebsy , Lin Yu-En , Nikoloff Jonas , Tonelli Francesca , Alessi Dario R. , Pfeffer Suzanne R.
Published: August 2024

Activating leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations cause Parkinson’s and phosphorylation of Rab10 by pathogenic LRRK2 blocks primary ciliogenesis in cultured cells. In the mouse brain, LRRK2 blockade of primary cilia is highly cell type specific: For example, cholinergic interneurons and astrocytes but not medium spiny neurons of the dorsal striatum lose primary cilia in LRRK2-pathway mutant mice. We show here that the cell type specificity of LRRK2-mediated cilia loss is also seen in human postmortem striatum from patients with LRRK2 pathway mutations and idiopathic Parkinson’s. Single nucleus RNA sequencing shows that cilia loss in mouse cholinergic interneurons is accompanied by decreased glial-derived neurotrophic factor transcription, decreasing neuroprotection for dopamine neurons. Nevertheless, LRRK2 expression differences cannot explain the unique vulnerability of cholinergic neurons to LRRK2 kinase as much higher LRRK2 expression is seen in medium spiny neurons that have normal cilia. In parallel with decreased striatal dopaminergic neurite density, LRRK2 G2019S neurons show increased autism-linked CNTN5 adhesion protein expression; glial cells show significant loss of ferritin heavy chain. These data strongly suggest that loss of cilia in specific striatal cell types decreases neuroprotection for dopamine neurons in mice and human Parkinson’s.
The PAWS project – Promoting and supporting the wellbeing of undergraduate students with service dogs
Authors: O’Hagan Anna Donnla , Gavigan Nathan , Goss Hannah
Published: August 2024

There is growing concern for young peoples’ mental health nationally and internationally, with third-level students identified as a high-risk group for mental health difficulties. In particular, exams are considered periods of extreme stress for college students, which can lead to poor academic performance, greater tension, and increased physiological stress. The current study examined the impact of an unstructured, canine-assisted intervention delivered during the final week of the semester on undergraduate student wellbeing. Two on-campus events were run, during which N=122 undergraduate students (Males=32, Females=86, Transgender=1, Non-Binary=3; Mage=20.28±1.64) completed a battery of tests [State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – State Anxiety Inventory, Stress Visual Analog Scale, Brunel Mood Scale Questionnaire] as measures of anxiety, perceived stress, and mood, prior to and following spending 10–15 min with a service dog and their handler. Significant reductions were observed in state anxiety (
p
=<0.001), perceived stress (
p
<0.001), tension (
p
<0.001), depression (
p
<0.001), anger (
p
<0.001), fatigue (
p
<0.001), and confusion (
p
<0.001) prior to and following time spent with the service animals. Spending a relatively short amount of time with a service animal had a positive effect on psychological markers of anxiety, stress, and negative mood states. Short, unstructured, on-campus canine-assisted interactions have the potential to positively impact student wellbeing and mental health.
On the ensemble Kalman inversion under inequality constraints
Authors: Hanu Matei , Weissmann Simon
Published: August 2024

The ensemble Kalman inversion (EKI), a recently introduced optimisation method for solving inverse problems, is widely employed for the efficient and derivative-free estimation of unknown parameters. Specifically in cases involving ill-posed inverse problems and high-dimensional parameter spaces, the scheme has shown promising success. However, in its general form, the EKI does not take constraints into account, which are essential and often stem from physical limitations or specific requirements. Based on a log-barrier approach, we suggest adapting the continuous-time formulation of EKI to incorporate convex inequality constraints. We underpin this adaptation with a theoretical analysis that provides lower and upper bounds on the ensemble collapse, as well as convergence to the constraint optimum for general nonlinear forward models. Finally, we showcase our results through two examples involving partial differential equations.
Anhysteretic strains in ferroelectric ceramics under electromechanical loading
Authors: Babori Chaimae , Barati Mahmoud , Segouin Valentin , Corcolle Romain , Daniel Laurent
Published: August 2024

This study investigates anhysteretic strains in PZT ceramics. The anhysteretic curves are associated with a stable balanced state of polarization in the domain structure, excluding dissipative effects related to mechanisms such as domain wall pinning. Anhysteretic measurements are representative of an -ideal- scenario in which the material would undergo no energy loss due to dissipative processes, focusing on the stable and reversible aspects of the domain configuration. The different methodologies employed to measure deformations under electromechanical loading are presented, leading to the introduction of digital image correlation (DIC) as the chosen technique, recognized for its ability to capture detailed information on transverse and longitudinal strain. The article then describes a procedure developed to obtain anhysteretic strain and anhysteretic polarisation for different levels of compressive loadings. The subsequent presentation of the results of the transverse and longitudinal strain analyses provides valuable insights into the reversible and irreversible behavior of the material. They can be used as a basis for the thermodynamical modelling approaches grounded on separating reversible and irreversible contributions or as a validation of existing models describing anhysteretic behavior. The compressive stress affects both the shape of hysteretic and anhysteretic curves. The anhysteretic curve represents a stable equilibrium in the domain structure. Compressive stress reduces strain by affecting the pinning of domain walls. These points justify the interest in studying the effect of compressive stress on the anhysteretic behavior of ferroelectrics.
Broadband optically transparent microwave absorber made of interdigital metasurfaces in rotational symmetry with a single air spacer
Authors: Wan Longxin , Xu Xiaofei , Duan Kun , Zhao Junming
Published: August 2024

A broadband optically transparent metasurface microwave absorber (MMA) is designed and experimentally studied. The MMA is made of two indium tin oxide (ITO) resistive films deposited on two transparent polyethylene terephthalate substrates respectively, between which is sandwiched a single air spacer. The top ITO resistive film is etched with periodic interdigital metasurface patterns in rotational symmetry, while the bottom ITO resistive film is an integrated sheet with a low resistance working as the backplane. By carefully optimizing the functional interdigital metasurface structures in a numerical solver, a desirable 4-octave broadband MMA is achieved. The absorbing bandwidth is 4.53–18.71 GHz (122.03%) in the numerical predictions for the perpendicular incidence, in which the absorptivity is greater than 90%. Its total thickness is only 5.8 mm or 0.088λ
L, where λ
L is the wavelength (66.23 mm) at the lowest 4.53 GHz. The absorber is validated in experiments. Results are observed in good agreement with the simulated ones. The interdigital MMA is polarization-insensitive and able to operate for wide-angle incidences up to 45°. These properties are demonstrated in both simulations and experiments.
Applications of emulation and Bayesian methods in heavy-ion physics
Authors: Paquet Jean-François
Published: August 2024

Heavy-ion collisions provide a window into the properties of many-body systems of deconfined quarks and gluons. Understanding the collective properties of quarks and gluons is possible by comparing models of heavy-ion collisions to measurements of the distribution of particles produced at the end of the collisions. These model-to-data comparisons are extremely challenging, however, because of the complexity of the models, the large amount of experimental data, and their uncertainties. Bayesian inference provides a rigorous statistical framework to constrain the properties of nuclear matter by systematically comparing models and measurements. This review covers model emulation and Bayesian methods as applied to model-to-data comparisons in heavy-ion collisions. Replacing the model outputs (observables) with Gaussian process emulators is key to the Bayesian approach currently used in the field, and both current uses of emulators and related recent developments are reviewed. The general principles of Bayesian inference are then discussed along with other Bayesian methods, followed by a systematic comparison of seven recent Bayesian analyses that studied quark-gluon plasma properties, such as the shear and bulk viscosities. The latter comparison is used to illustrate sources of differences in analyses, and what it can teach us for future studies.
Manipulating a beam of barium fluoride molecules using an electrostatic hexapole
Authors: Touwen A , van Hofslot J W F , Qualm T , Borchers R , Bause R , Bethlem H L , Boeschoten A , Borschevsky A , Fikkers T H , Hoekstra S , Jungmann K , Marshall V R , Meijknecht T B , Mooij M C , E Timmermans R G , Ubachs W , Willmann L ,   NL-eEDM collaboration
Published: August 2024

An electrostatic hexapole lens is used to manipulate the transverse properties of a beam of barium fluoride molecules from a cryogenic buffer gas source. The spatial distribution of the beam is measured by recording state-selective laser-induced fluorescence on an emccd camera, providing insight into the intensity and transverse position spread of the molecular beam. Although the high mass and unfavorable Stark shift of barium fluoride pose a considerable challenge, the number of molecules in the low-field seeking component of the N = 1 state that pass a 4 mm diameter aperture 712 mm behind the source is increased by a factor of 12. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the molecular beam can be displaced by up to ±5 mm by moving the hexapole lens. Our measurements agree well with numerical trajectory simulations. We discuss how electrostatic lenses may be used to increase the sensitivity of beam experiments such as the search for the electric dipole moment of the electron.
Impact of torque on active Brownian particle: exact moments in two and three dimensions
Authors: Pattanayak Anweshika , Shee Amir , Chaudhuri Debasish , Chaudhuri Abhishek
Published: August 2024

In this work, we investigate the effects of torque, accounting for translational diffusion, on active Brownian particles (ABPs) in two (2d) and three (3d) dimensions. The torque is equivalent to chirality in 2d, well known as chiral active Brownian particles (cABPs), whereas in 3d, this is introduced as an external torque on the ABPs. Despite the inherent complexity in solving the Fokker–Planck equation, we demonstrate a Laplace transform method to precisely calculate the temporal evolution of various dynamic moments. Our analysis yields explicit expressions for multiple moments, such as the second and fourth moments of displacement, revealing the impact of persistence and chirality/torque. These moments exhibit oscillatory behavior, and excess kurtosis indicates deviations from the Gaussian distribution during intermediate time intervals.
Edge modes in finite-size systems with different edge terminals
Authors: Wang 王 Huiping 会平 , Ren 任 Li 莉 , Zhang 张 Xiuli 修丽 , Qin 秦 Liguo 立国
Published: August 2024

We investigate the behavior of edge modes in the presence of different edge terminations and long-range (LR) hopping. Here, we mainly focus on such model crystals with two different types of structures (type I: “…–P–Q–P–Q–…” and type II: “… = P–Q = P–Q = …”), where P and Q represent crystal lines (CLs), while the symbols “–” and “=” denote the distance between the nearest neighbor (NN) CLs. Based on the lattice model Hamiltonian with LR hopping, the existence of edge modes is determined analytically by using the transfer matrix method (TMM) when different edge terminals are taken into consideration. Our findings are consistent with the numerical results obtained by the exact diagonalization method. We also notice that edge modes can exhibit different behaviors under different edge terminals. Our result is helpful in solving novel edge modes in honeycomb crystalline graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides with different edge terminals.
Fault line selection algorithm for single-phase high-impedance ground faults in distribution networks based on the hilbert-huang transform
Authors: Liu Hejin , Zhang Linli , Hang Min , Li Lisheng
Published: August 2024

High-impedance faults in distribution networks have stable characteristics, making them difficult to identify. This paper proposes a fault line selection algorithm for single-phase high-impedance ground faults in distribution networks based on the Hilbert-Huang Transform. The Hilbert-Huang Transform analysis method is used to distinguish fault lines. The first intrinsic mode function component obtained from the decomposition of the zero-sequence current within several cycles after the fault is subjected to a Hilbert Transform, yielding the HHT spectrum peak values. These are then combined with the peak values of the zero-sequence current to construct a two-parameter fault line selection criterion. Finally, simulation data of a single-phase ground fault model in a distribution network verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault line selection method.
Static response of MEMS double layered simply supported beams containing quasicrystals
Authors: Huang Yunzhi , Wang Penghui , Liu Yuepeng
Published: August 2024

The static response of Micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) double-layer simply-supported beams made of quasicrystalline (QC) and crystal (C) is studied considering the influence of nonlocal scale effects. In light of the theory of nonlocal elasticity for QCs, the closed responses of phonon, phason, and electric fields are derived using the state vector formula and propagator matrix method. Calculation results indicate that theoretical responses are consistent with the simulation ones via the finite element. Among the three micro-distributed forces, the magnitude of their effects is in order of electric field, Casimir, and van der Waals micro-forces. The rising van der Waals and Casimir micro-forces elevates the displacement with the stress of beams. The displacement decreases slowly when nonlocal scale parameters grow. The phonon displacement of microbeams with C/QC stacking order is larger than the corresponding value of QC/C stacking order. This paper’s results support the design and evaluation of MEMS structures containing QCs.
Analysis of influencing factors on numerical computation of underwater explosion of slender tapered charge
Authors: Fang Houlin , Liu Cunxu , Lu Qiang , Guo Quanshi , Tang Shiying , Guo Zhiyun , Zhang Dezhi
Published: August 2024

To accurately calculate the shock-wave pressure curve of the underwater explosion of slender tapered charge, this research constructs a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model. In this foundation, this research further investigates the influence of the computational domain size, computational domain symmetry, gauge grid size, charge grid size, and biaxial grid uniformity on the shock-wave pressure curve. As a whole, this research reveals the following several findings. To begin with, increasing the size of the computational domain is helpful to weaken the curve oscillation, and so is maintaining the symmetry of the computational domain. Secondly, an excessive ratio of the number of two-dimensional grids, which is manifested by the non-uniformity of biaxial grids, leads to the grid being too slender at the boundary and the oscillation amplitude of the pressure curve increasing obviously. Furthermore, the gauge grid size exerts a notable influence on the peak pressure of the shock wave. Lastly, in the case of a fine grid covering the gauge, the charge grid size generates no obvious influence on the peak pressure.
Mechanical properties analysis of bending-torsion coupled blades with different skin area angles
Authors: Jin Xiaoyin , Liu Jiang
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the CFD-FEM method is used to study the mechanical properties of wind turbine bend-twist coupled blades by changing the bias angle of the inner and outer skins under the rated wind speed. The results show that the wind turbine blade’s inner and outer skin offset ± 45° respectively, and the maximum stress and maximum strain of the wind turbine blade decreased by 27.7% and 2.1%, indicating that the blade load reduction performance is the best in this case. Changing the skin angle on the blade deformation does not have much effect, and the maximum increase in blade deformation is only 2.5%.
Impacts of mandrel parameters on forming quality of tube bending with small bending radius
Authors: Wan Tao , Fang Jun , Shang Wenxuan , Wang Kelu , Lu Shiqiang
Published: August 2024

To enhance the quality of tube bending with a small bending radius, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate numerically controlled (NC) bending of stainless steel tubes made from 21-6-9 alloy. Subsequently, an analysis was conducted to examine the influence of mandrel parameters on the forming quality in terms of the rate of wall thickening, rate of wall thinning, and ovality of cross-section. The findings indicate that increasing the mandrel axial feed or mandrel diameter leads to a slight decrease in wall thickening rate, a noticeable increase in wall thinning rate, and a significant reduction in cross-section ovality. Optimal values for the mandrel axial feed and mandrel diameter are determined to be 0.5 mm-1.5 mm and 5.23 mm-5.43 mm, respectively. These results have important implications for guiding the design of mandrel parameters and enhancing the forming quality of NC bending for stainless steel tubes made from 21-6-9 alloy with a small bending radius.
Structural optimization and drag reduction research of biomimetic hydrofoils inspired by pufferfish
Authors: Wei Kairan , Zhao Lei , Zhu Dongpo , Tian Guizhong
Published: August 2024

The underwater glider will be subjected to fluid resistance during operation, which greatly reduces its endurance and fuel conversion efficiency. Therefore, reducing its surface fluid resistance is an effective way to improve its working capacity and reduce energy consumption. With the development of bionics, people begin to learn various functional surfaces. In this paper, inspired by pufferfish, the tiny spinal protrusions of pufferfish are simplified into microstructure and arranged on NACA0012 airfoil for research. The performance of the bionic microstructure is affected by many factors. The orthogonal test is designed to optimize its structure to evaluate the influence of different heights, bottom radius, arrangement position, and arrangement spacing on the resistance of the hydrofoil. The SST k-ω turbulence model is used for numerical simulation. The bionic hydrofoil has a drag reduction effect of about 6.05 %, which means that the bionic microstructure will be further optimized in the future to be applied to other airfoils.
Study on thermo-mechanical coupling model in pantograph-catenary system of rail vehicle
Authors: Jiang Hangyan , Zhou Ning , Cheng Yao , Wei Haifei , Yan Jingke , Zhang Weihua
Published: August 2024

The coupling of the pantograph-catenary system represents a complex multi-disciplinary challenge, intertwining multi-fields and intricate interactions. Based on thermodynamic theory, this paper establishes a thermal-force coupling model for the pantograph carbon slider of high-speed trains, taking into account multiple physical field factors such as heat, dynamics, and electricity. Utilizing a pantograph-catenary contact test bench, we validate a full-scale thermo-mechanical coupling model for the pantograph carbon slider. Thereafter, we assess the coupled temperature and stress outcomes of the carbon slider. The results indicate that dynamic variations in the surface temperature of the carbon slider could lead to the formation of localized high-temperature zones. The phenomena of thermal expansion and contraction, combined with heat accumulation, increase the risk of thermal stress cracks and carbon strip fractures. Longitudinal reverse heat warping deformation occurs in the carbon strip. The airway of the aluminum bracket experiences the highest coupled stress and requires enhanced load-bearing capacity.
Study on inertial migration behaviours under secondary flow patterns using a fluid-structure interaction approach
Authors: Tan Xin , Lin Ying
Published: August 2024

In the present work, the critical aspects of how particles influence the structure of secondary flows are explored. Despite its significance in the manipulation and detection of particles and cells in microfluidic applications, this topic has received limited attention until now. Employing a fluid-structure interaction method, this research examines the two-way coupling between particles and secondary flows at a Reynolds number (Re) of 80, revealing significant insights into the behaviour of particles under such conditions. The investigation explores the intricate relationships between particle transverse migration, rotation, and secondary flow fields, emphasizing how these interactions amplify with both particle size and secondary flow intensity. The findings underscore the critical role of secondary flow vortices in generating drag forces, which in turn influence particle motion. Notably, the study demonstrates that for larger particles (a/H=0.375), the vortex-induced additional force acts repulsively, discouraging their movement along with the secondary flow. Through detailed analysis, this paper elucidates the lateral migration behaviour of particles, their rotational dynamics in response to secondary flows, and the overarching effects of their interactions with secondary flow structures. This research provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing particle behaviour in microfluidic environments, offering potential advancements in particle manipulation and detection.
Integrative Design Process for Regenerative Sustainability: A Framework for Architectural Design Studios
Authors: Jang Hyunju
Published: August 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals have given directions to multidisciplinary approaches for designing cities and communities. A comprehensive, integrated approach is essential for fostering a profound synergy that extends well beyond the project‘s confines. This has been questioned about how to create a framework of architectural design studios helping students experience the integrative design process and redefine the roles of architects. This paper is to share insights from teaching ‘Regenerative Architecture’ seeking to create positive impacts through a system thinking approach. Objectives include understanding regenerative built environments and holistic design processes adaptable to local contexts. The framework of the design methodology of the studio is set in four phases: 1) reviewing environmental development and performance; 2) establishing an environmental story; 3) exploring design alternatives; 4) developing a design proposal. Various teaching methods were applied as per the contents of each phase. There are three main findings based on observation on students’ outcomes and feedback. First, appropriate assessment tools enhance students’ grasp of integrative design process. Second, successful case studies encourage students to build constructive questions in the holistic design process. Third, a studio syllabus dividing research and design separately was not much effective for consistent and progressive design outcomes.
Environmental User Preferences in Indonesian Cities Railway Station: Towards Sustainable Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
Authors: Fadlilah S A J , Sudo S , Novianto D
Published: August 2024

Urbanization and population growth in Indonesia have increased the demand for public transportation, but the recent impact of Urban Heat Island (UHI) has created problems that affect the convenience of users in using railway station buildings and environment. This study aims to determine user preferences for train station facilities of major cities in Indonesia, with a focus on satisfaction levels and areas that need improvement. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect user data from various regions. The qualitative method is carried out by conducting a site visit at a train station in the city of Surabaya and conducting a literature review to identify key factors that influence user preferences, while the quantitative method is carried out by distributing questionnaires containing questions about the condition of the train station facilities now and in the future. The results of the study show the impact of adequate facilities such as seats, Wi-Fi, air conditioning, cleanliness, and entertainment areas to users’ preference in using train stations. Correlation and factor analysis also will be conducted to understand the variables influencing the performance of built environment. In addition, this study also evaluates and discuss the accessibility, comfort, and security. These findings can provide insights for railway station management, policy makers to improve the quality of facilities, services and promote green sustainable Transit-Oriented Development (TOD).
Fisherman Community Resilience Study in Disaster-Prone Areas in Kuala Cangkoi Village, North Aceh
Authors: Fithri Cut Azmah , Yulianur Alfiansyah , wulandari Elisa , Dewi Cut
Published: August 2024

Resilience represents a means for individuals to endure, adapt, and recover from disasters by utilizing available resources and enhancing conditions for their utilization. Kuala Cangkoi Village, located in North Aceh District along the coast, boasts a rich fishery sector with a fish auction site directly on the beach. The community comprises small-scale fishermen, and the area also includes rainfed rice fields. Despite this potential, the region has faced challenges in the form of earthquakes and tsunamis. The objective of this study is to examine the resilience of the fishermen communities in Kuala Cangkoi Village, North Aceh District. Employing a qualitative descriptive exploratory method, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Subsequently, the data were analyzed to assess the level of resilience. The study revealed that the fishermen community exhibited survival due to their cooperative and consultative nature, supplemented by additional sources of income available to them. Furthermore, the presence of facilities and infrastructure contributed to their resilience. However, it was observed that some fishermen community houses are still situated as close as 50 meters from the beach, and there is a lack of accessible clean water networks.
Integration of Gabion Wall for Enhancing Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in Mosque Building: A Case Study of Educational Facilities
Authors: Kamaruddin Maqbul , Khidmad Rendy Perdana , Satria Widi Dwi , Asriana Nova , Aziz Naufal , Deenanti Dara Alya , Putri Syafhira Wachyundha
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the integration of gabion walls as a sustainable solution for improving thermal comfort and Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) on At-Tanwir Mosque located on the campus of the Sumatra Institute of Technology (ITERA) in South Lampung, Indonesia. The primary objective is to assess the impact of gabion walls on the Mosque’s thermal performance and IEQ, highlighting their significance in sustainable architecture.

The research involves re-measuring the existing Mosque, creating a digital model using SketchUp, and conducting simulations with Energy Plus. Data analysis utilises the CBE Thermal Comfort for evaluating thermal comfort indices to explore the integration of gabion walls within the research framework.

This finding demonstrates that gabion walls are more effective at reducing room temperature than conventional brick walls. The average temperature difference between the two is 1.7°C. From 06:00 to 09:00, the PMV index sensed by occupants ranges from +0.23 to +0.60, which indicates neutral conditions. This number rises to +2.24 on the scale, indicating that occupants feel extremely heated and uncomfortable. The presence of air gaps caused by the arrangement of gabion stones has a significant impact on the air exchange within the building, as well as the PMV index of the occupants.
Decarbonizing Indonesia’s New Capital City: Retrofitting The Design of Ministries Complex in IKN With Closed-loop System of Carbon Capture and Microalgae Secondary Skin
Authors: Putri HKA , Anandyasputri KD , Bhanuwati SAD , Xian GE , Novianto D
Published: August 2024

The construction of the new capital IKN has the challenge of achieving carbon neutrality. With the IKN area currently inhabited by around 144,000 people, it is estimated that the carbon produced reached 57,152 kg, while with a target population of 1.6 million people in 2024, the carbon produced will increase 11 times. Plans of IKN to reduce the carbon produced are diverse, ranging from reforestation, providing renewable energy to saving energy use, the efforts in architecture are minimal, including solar panels, vertical gardens and green spaces in buildings. Low-e glass material will be used massively. This raises the need for new innovations. By using existing design analysis research methods, secondary data collection methods through literature review and design methods, the authors create a design transformation scheme that take advantage of the potential that the original design and site of IKN have, namely the microalgae secondary skin closed-loop system which is an integration of two main technologies; open air carbon capturing, and photobioreactor with microalgae cultivation on the facade of buildings whose role is to process carbon dioxide, produce energy and by-products of oxygen, biomass and microalgae. Oxygen is released into the air, biomass is processed into renewable energy, while microalgae is harvested for food, medicine and cosmetics. Method of testing is conducted by using empirical data and data assumptions calculated through corresponding variables and comparison study. The study finds that by implementation, carbon in buildings will be reduced to almost three times the previous one. The low-e glass technology passively reduces carbon emissions by 1,999.3 CO2, while the innovation reduces carbon emissions actively and passively by 5,999.3 CO2. The innovation goes beyond the principle of carbon neutral and will assist IKN in realizing new potential advances for sustainability.
Designing folded modular houses as refugee shelters at disaster sites
Authors: Kusbiantoro K. , Lesmana C. , Gunawan I.V.
Published: August 2024

Indonesia is a country that is often hit by earthquakes. Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) recorded 8,264 earthquakes in 2020, 10,519 earthquakes in 2021 and 10,792 earthquakes in 2022. This makes Indonesia the second most earthquake-prone country in the world. The need for temporary housing for refugees during a disaster is a challenge to build community resilience.

This paper describes the process of designing a modular house that is intended as an emergency shelter in a disaster evacuation site. The requirements for this house are that the capacity is for 1-2 people, it is safe from the weather, light weight and easy to mobilize, sturdy, easy to assemble even by just 1-2 people, relatively free of maintenance, and environmentally friendly. The selection of appropriate and environmentally friendly materials and earthquake resistant building designs are the main keys of the design.

Using an experimental method, a folding method was designed to allows the house to be folded into a box that can fit into a truck so that it can easily mobilized to the disaster area. The frame of this building uses mild steel which is assembled with hinges. To ensure that this modular house is easy to carry to the site, the wall material needs to be made light. For this reason, the team conducted experiments using cloth material coated with resin and woven bamboo for ventilation so that air could flow inside the house.

Currently this research is still in the prototype study stage before entering the industrial design feasibility study stage.
Water absorption of common pavement concrete block: A preliminary study for permeable pavement development
Authors: Damanik Novita Hillary Christy , Arminda Wenny , Sitompul Rabita Akbari , Ferdiansyah
Published: August 2024

Concrete paving block is one of the environmental surface coverings that is widely used by people in Indonesia. Besides being easy to install, concrete pavement also has a relatively cheap price, but is not optimal in absorbing water. This research was conducted to determine the comparison of concrete pavement materials made by small and medium enterprises and its ability to absorb water. Water absorption tests were carried out on two types of concrete pavement samples with different sand:gravel:cement ratios. From the test results it is known that concrete pavement with a smaller amount of sand has a greater water absorption percentage (14.24%). The results of this research can be used in the development of permeable pavement which can be carried out by researchers.
The Energy Use and Living Behavior in Urban Retrofit Vernacular Architecture
Authors: Sumanti A E , Xian G E , Hidayat R T , Julian T C , Novianto D
Published: August 2024

Joglo House, which is an iconic symbol of Javanese architecture has been traded and inherited by modern people, who have made modifications to suit their lifestyle. This paper examines the changes made to the Joglo house, which was modernized and adapted to the needs of its users. This research also analyzes the changes in energy use resulting from these modifications. This research involved measurements and documentation of the Joglo house to record the changes made by its users. Direct interviews with the users were also conducted to gather information on their habits and activities, as well as the atmospheric conditions on the site. The collected data was analysed to determine the building’s condition and energy usage. This research documented the modifications made to the Joglo house, which included the installation of modern appliances and the addition of new rooms. These modifications increased energy usage, with the house’s energy consumption higher than before. Joglo houses in the pre-modern period only uses firewood as a source of energy for daily living, making no direct energy usage such as electricity and gas. The rise of electrical energy usage till this day has reached a high number of 4.4 Kilowatt per month. The research also revealed the habits and activities of the users, which were found to have a significant impact on energy consumption. This paper is expected to be a valuable resources for future research in architecture and lifestyle. The result of this research shows the differences in area of activity and thermal comfort.
Housing spatial transformation as a translation of community resilience in Kampung Cungkeng, Bandar Lampung City
Authors: Widya Amelia T , N Antusias , Aziza Melati R , Tanjung Adinda S , Kurniawan Guruh K , Basica Embun A A , S Ramadhania , Pratama Zidan A R R
Published: August 2024

Housing transformation is a dynamic adaptation process to individual and environmental changes or threats. It could be changed in residential elements up to the settlement scale and urban. Housing transformation is one of the translation resilience forms. Kampung (urban village) Cungkeng, Teluk Betung, is one of the Bugis-Makassar settlement tribes on the coast of Bandar Lampung City. This research aims to identify spatial transformation and the determinant of the transformation process as community resilience translation in Kampung Cungkeng. The study used the qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection process was carried out by interviewing the owners of Bugis-Makassar housing and field observation. The results showed that community resilience translated to community adaptation by transforming the house gradually. The spatial transformation of the dwelling can be observed both vertically and horizontally, particularly in the land house. Transformation is only identified horizontally in homes on the water. The spatial transformation followed is conversion, addition/removal, extension/subtraction, demolition/construction of partition, interior arrangement, and layout zoning changes. The determinant causing residential transformation are financial support, space requirements, and space inefficiency. On the other hand, losing the stilt house with an underneath space in land houses indicates the faded community resilience regarding the tidal flood.
Place Attachment in Kampung Kemlayan as a Tourism Kampung
Authors: Dianingrum Anita , Nurul Handayani Kusumaningdyah
Published: August 2024

Kampung Kemlayan is one of the kampungs with a wealth of historical and cultural heritage. Kemlayan serves as the ‘spirit’ of the traditional art maestros of the Solo Palace. In line with the development of the Gatotsubroto-Ngarsopuro corridor, Kemlayan is proposed to be developed into a tourism kampung that can support and enliven the Gatot Subroto-Ngarsopuro corridor as a public space and a new tourist destination. The community’s attachment to place (place attachment) is necessary to ensure the sustainability of the presented tourism kampung. Several studies conducted in Kampung Kemlayan still need to address the potential of kampungs related to the community’s attachment to the place (place attachment). Therefore, mapping the potential of the community’s attachment to the historical space (place attachment) present in Kemlayan is very important to maximize the kampung’s potential. Observation and in-depth interviews map the community’s attachment to the historical space (place attachment) in Kemlayan. Several historical places have been identified as having place attachment and potential to be developed as tourist destinations. Cultural tourism is a suitable tourism concept for the characteristics of Kampung Kemlayan. The involvement and collaboration of various parties (kampung residents, descendants, and relevant government/stakeholders) are critical factors in realizing a sustainable tourism kampung, thereby preserving the existence of Kampung Kemlayan.
Grey Spaces in Contemporary Thai Architecture: Integrating Cultural and Environmental Aspects into Design
Authors: Schoch M , Lawanyawatna S
Published: August 2024

The concept of grey spaces in architectural design has been a significant aspect of early, primarily Asian architectural traditions. Contemporary Thai architecture draws its understanding and utilization of grey spaces from the tropical context, aiming to create semi-outdoor spaces that offer comfort and extended functionalities. This paper explores whether and how the theory and knowledge of grey spaces have influenced contemporary Thai architecture. The research includes building analysis of realized buildings and interviews with three architects who explicitly or implicitly address the grey space concept in their theoretical and design approaches. Results present ideas of grey spaces that can be successfully translated into contemporary Thai architecture, addressing aspects of design that may be unique to the region and playing a vital role in creating functional and socially fitting buildings. The discussion highlights the importance of designing contemporary architecture that enhances the user’s experience by promoting interaction with the environment and community. The findings affect architects, designers, and policymakers who aim to create sustainable and culturally appropriate architecture.
The Resilience of Public Space in Kampung Mojo Surakarta in Global Modernity
Authors: Pitana Titis Srimuda
Published: August 2024

Modernity has inevitably gained the community’s consent to modify their perspectives and behaviours according to the contemporary conditions. The urban architecture, which is a reflection (expression) of the community’s modernity, can identify the character of the urban village community and its accompanying modernization, as happened in Kampung Mojo in Surakarta. In this context, it is considered important and relevant to bring up the discussion about the pressure of rationality on the morality of society in modernism with the case of the survival of public space in the community that occurs in Kampung Mojo in Surakarta. The method of observation and active participation is the right way to explore the data to be analysed in order to reveal Kampung Mojo as a form of ideal urban settlement architecture in Surakarta that is able to maintain the morality and social space of the community in its public space.