bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Structural Transformations of Sundanese Wayang Golek Performance
Authors: Gunawan Wawan Ajen , Suganda Dadang , Dienaputra Reiza D. , Nalan Arthur S.
Published: June 2016

The Sundanese wayang golek performance has transformed over the years. The transformations happen not only in art elements but also in various elements of its performance including performers, equipments, play, language and literature, act composition, sabet (wayang’s movements), time and settings of performance, musical element, stage, and custome players. Regarding these transformations in wayang golek performance, this article tends to study it with the title “The Structural Transformations of Sundanese Wayang Golek Performance”. Specifically, this article focuses on the development of Sundanese wayang golek performance art in Karawang. To study it, this research uses qualitative method. Furthermore, its analysis uses social structuration theory approach of Giddens’ structuration theory (1984). The transformations of structural elements in wayang golek performance refer not only to additional aspects but also to the aspects of decrement, broadening, constringency, accession or degradation in managing many elements which are part of performance structure of the Sundanese wayang golek. The roles and functions of Sundanese wayang golek performance art include not only as performance art and guidance but also as a creative medium to realize Sundanese wayang golek performance art as a cultural tourism attraction which is beneficial to increase people’s welfare.
Economic Development and Sultan Zainul Abidin in Kashmir
Authors: Ali Andrabi Syed Damsaz
Published: June 2016

Among all nations and races that have come into contact with Kashmir none of them has left everlasting impact on culture of the Valley as Central Asia. Contacts with Central Asia were developed long before the political domination of Muslims. The foundation of Shah Miri opened the floodgates for the infiltration of Persian and Central Asian people in Valley of Kashmir especially during the reign of Sultan Zainul Abidin. When he ascended the throne in (823.A.H./1420.A.D) the whole administrative machinery had collapsed due to the narrow policy of Sultan Sikandar and Sultan Ali Shah but he reconstructed it successfully. His assiduous work turned Valley of Kashmir into industrial garden. Many new arts and crafts were introduced in the Valley of Kashmir. By this way whole Valley was engulfed by peace and prosperity.
Relationship between Blood Pressure and Retrobulbar Blood Flow in Dipper and Nondipper Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Marjanović Ivan , Marjanović Marija , Martinez Antonio , Marković Vujica , Božić Marija , Stojanov Vesna
Published: June 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the relationship between retrobulbar hemodynamic parameters in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery, and short posterior ciliary artery and 24-hour blood pressure (BP) measurements in dipper and nondipper patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods

A prospective, cross-sectional, and observational study was conducted on consecutive patients, referred or recruited, attending the outpatient service of our ophthalmology department. Ambulatory BP monitoring, Doppler imaging, and ocular pulse amplitude measurements were performed on the same day. Patients with nocturnal BP decrease up to 10% of the diurnal BP were defined as dippers and those with BP decrease less than 10% were defined as nondippers.

Results

A total of 114 patients (36 nondippers and 78 dippers) were included in the study. The end-diastolic velocity was significantly lower and the resistivity index (RI) was significantly higher in the dippers than in the nondippers (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). The RI in the OA was significantly correlated with daytime and nighttime systolic BP and with the daytime mean arterial pressure in the dippers.

Conclusions

The RI in the OA significantly correlates with BP in patients with POAG with nocturnal BP dips. Additionally, retrobulbar blood flow parameters are reduced in dippers as compared with nondippers with POAG.
Management of Dislocated Intraocular Lenses with Iris Suture
Authors: Faria Mun Y. , Ferreira Nuno P. , Canastro Mario
Published: June 2016

Purpose

Subluxated or malpositioned intraocular lenses (IOLs) and inadequate capsular support is a challenge for every ophthalmic surgeon. Iris suture of an IOL seems to be an easy technique for the management of dislocated 3-piece IOL, allowing the IOL to be placed behind the iris, far from the trabecular meshwork and corneal endothelium. The purpose of this study is to assess the results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and iris suture of dislocated 3-piece acrylic IOLs.

Methods

In this retrospective, nonrandomized, interventional case consecutive study, of a total of 103 dislocated IOLs, 36 eyes were considered for analysis. All 36 eyes had subluxated or totally luxated 3-piece IOL and underwent iris suture at the Ophthalmology Department of Santa Maria Hospital-North Lisbon Hospital Center, Portugal, from January 2011 until November 2015. All patients underwent 3-port 23-G PPV. The optic zone of the dislocated IOL was placed anterior to the iris with the haptics behind, in the posterior chamber. Haptics were sutured to iris followed by placement of the optics behind iris plane. Postoperative measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOL position, intraocular pressure, pigment dispersion, clinical signs of endothelial cell loss, and development of macular edema.

Results

A total of 36 eyes of 36 patients were included. All underwent successful iris fixation of dislocated 3-piece IOL. Mean overall follow-up was 15.9 months (range 3-58 months). At presentation, 16 eyes (44.4%) had a luxated IOL and 20 eyes (55.6%) a subluxated IOL. As underlying cause, 17 eyes (47.2%) had a history of complicated cataract surgery, 5 eyes (13.9%) had a traumatic dislocation of the IOL, and 6 eyes (16.7%) had a previous vitreoretinal surgery. A total of 8 eyes (22.2%) had late spontaneous IOL dislocation after uneventful cataract surgery. The mean preoperative BCVA was 1.09 ± 0.70 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) units and mean postoperative BCVA was 0.48 ± 0.58 of logMAR units. The mean visual acuity improvement was 4.08 ± 5.33 lines on the logMAR scale. In this study, every IOL was stable at the last follow-up. As late complications, macular edema occurred in 1 patient and retinal detachment occurred in 2 patients. There were no cases of endophthalmitis.

Conclusions

Iris suture fixation of subluxated IOL is a good treatment option for eyes with dislocated IOLs, leading to long-term stability of the IOL. The advantage of this procedure is using the same IOL in a closed eye surgery. No astigmatic difference is expected as no large corneal incision is needed.
Successful Weaning from 65-day Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy in Influenza-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Buchtele Nina , Schellongowski Peter , Bojic Andja , Hermann Alexander , Robak Oliver , Lamm Wolfgang , Staudinger Thomas
Published: June 2016

Introduction

Data on prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) usage in influenza associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are lacking. Furthermore, no consensus exists on when to terminate ECMO treatment in refractory cases. This report highlights additional treatment measures and complications in prolonged ECMO therapy and discusses associated ethical burdens.

Case report

We report on a 64-year-old man with confirmed H1N1 influenza virus infection who was successfully weaned from 65-day ECMO treatment with an excellent outcome.

Conclusions

Our experience suggests that prolonged ECMO therapy may be provided as long as only 1-organ failure exists and no lung fibrosis occurs. Active physical therapy, facilitated by ECMO treatment, is crucial and should be performed as early as possible.
Effect of Substrate Bias on the Structural and Electrical Properties of Sputtered Mo Thin Films on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Xu Jiaxiong
Published: June 2016

The metal molybdenum (Mo) thin films deposited on flexible substrates can act as the contact electrode of flexible Cu(In, Ga)Se2 or Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells. In this work, in order to enhance the structural and electrical characteristics of flexible Mo thin films, a negative substrate bias was applied during the direct current sputtering of Mo thin films. The flexible substrates used for growing the Mo films were stainless steel foils and polyimides. The characteristics of Mo thin films were studied by x-ray diffraction and sheet resistance measurements. The measured results reveal that an optimal value of negative substrate bias can be found for improving the electrical and structural characteristics of Mo thin films on flexible substrates. The minimum sheet resistances of Mo thin films are 2.50 Ω/sq and 2.73 Ω/sq for the stainless steel foil and polyimide substrates, respectively.
Studies on Antibacterial Activities against S. Aureus of Chitosan Metal Chelates Prepared in Magnetic Field
Authors: Wang Chunbao , Duan Lihong , Qin Jian , Wu Zhengzhi , Guo Siyuan
Published: June 2016

In order to study the antibacterial activity of chitosan metal chelates prepared in magnetic effect, the antibacterial activities of these chelates on Staphylococcus aureus were investigated by the agar diffusion paper method. The minimum inhibition concentrations of chitosan-metal chelates were measured. With different degrees of substitution, the inhibition efficiency of the chitosan-metal chelates is different. The inhibition of chitosan on S. aureus increased with the chitosan concentration. Among the chitosan-metal chelates, the inhibition efficiency of CS-Cr is the best. The inhibition efficiency of chitosan-metal chelates prepared in the magnetic field of 400 kA/m on S. aureus is higher than the inhibition efficiency of chitosan-metal chelates prepared without the magnetic field enhanced. The minimum inhibitory concentrations are, respectively, as CS-Cu: 12.5 mg/mL, CS-Pb: 6.25 mg/mL, CS-Cr: 3.125 mg/mL. It is well known from the results that chitosan-metal chelates maybe applied in antibacterial process.
Preparation and Characterization of Zr(SO4)2/TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Huang Xin , Gu Zhenggui , Sun Hao
Published: June 2016

Solid acid Zr(SO4)2/TiO2 catalyst has highly catalytic activity, and has non-corrosiveness to equipment. It is separated from production expediently. As the above advantages, the influence of Zr(SO4)2 loading amount, calcination temperature, and calcination time on the solid acid Zr(SO4)2/TiO2 catalyst preparation process is discussed. The experimental condition is optimized by orthogonal test, the result indicate that Zr(SO4)2 load is 65%, calcination temperature is 430°C, and calcination time is 2.5 h. Solid acid catalyst Zr(SO4)2/TiO2 is analyzed and characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The results will provide the experimental condition for enlarging experimental study.
Relaxin-2 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Marioni Gino , Di Carlo Roberto , Ottaviano Giancarlo , Cappellesso Rocco , Bedogni Alberto , Marchese-Ragona Rosario , Stritoni Paola , Rossi Marco , Zanoletti Elisabetta , Favaretto Niccolò , Valentini Elisa , Apolloni Federico , Giacomelli Luciano , Martini Alessandro , Blandamura Stella
Published: June 2016

Background

When advanced, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) may involve adjacent non-epithelial structures, and the prognosis is worse for bone invasion. Human relaxin-2 is a peptide hormone that has recently been associated with cancer. It can induce human osteoclast differentiation and activation, suggesting a role in tumor-driven osteolysis. This study was a preliminary assessment of the prognostic role of relaxin-2 in surgical specimens of OSCC tissue and adjacent but uninvolved mandibular/maxillary bone.

Methods

Relaxin-2 immunohistochemical expression and reaction intensity were assessed in tumor and uninvolved adjacent mandibular/maxillary bone specimens from 23 operated OSCC patients.

Results

All OSCC specimens were positive for relaxin-2. The intensity of its reaction in OSCC correlated significantly with the pattern of the tumor's invasion front (p = 0.02), being higher with the infiltrative pattern. Mean relaxin-2 immunohistochemical expression was higher in patients whose OSCC recurred after treatment than those experiencing no recurrence (81.3% ± 22.6% vs. 59.5% ± 29.7%, respectively). A significant direct association emerged between relaxin-2 expression in OSCC specimens and recurrence rate (p = 0.049).

Conclusions

Relaxin-2 expression in OSCC should be further investigated as a potentially useful marker for identifying patients at higher risk of recurrence, who might benefit from closer follow-up and more aggressive adjuvant therapy. In other oncological settings, increasing evidence of relaxin being produced by cancer cells is prompting efforts to synthesize human relaxin-2 analogs capable of acting as antagonists and limiting tumor growth.
Medical Management of Urinary Calculi: Up to Date 2016
Authors: Marangella Martino
Published: June 2016

Nephrolithiasis (NL) is one of the most prevalent nontransmissible diseases in western countries. It is being associated with other frequent diseases, including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, through a putative common link with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance or altered mineral metabolism. This review will focus on classification, physicochemical basis, risk factors, laboratory and imaging investigations, medical management.

Classification as to stone composition includes calcium, uric acid (UA), cystine (Cys), infected, 2-8 dihydroxyadenine and rare NL. According to pathophysiology, NL is classified as primary, secondary to systemic diseases or drugs, caused by renal or metabolic hereditary disorders.

A stone can only form in supersaturated environment, and this is sufficient in UA, Cys and infected NL, but not in Ca-NL, which results from the imbalance between supersaturation and inhibition. All types are characterized by derangements of peculiar risk factors. Laboratory investigations aim at identifying type of NL, underlying risk factors and state of saturation, and pathophysiology. This justifies a rationale therapy able to dissolve some types of stones and/or produce reduction in recurrence rate in others.

Medical management includes alkali and allopurinol for UA nephrolithiasis (UA-NL), thiols and alkali in Cys-NL, dietary and pharmacological intervention for Ca-NL. Thiazides and alkaline citrate salts are the most widely used drugs in Ca-NL, where they proved efficient to prevent new stones. Other drugs have only been used in particular subsets.

Proper medical management and modern urological approaches have already notably improved clinical outcomes. Future studies will further clarify mechanisms of NL with expected new and targeted therapeutic options.
Genitourinary Cancers: Molecular Determinants for Personalized Therapies
Authors: Mazzucchelli Roberta , Gasparrini Silvia , Galosi Andrea B. , Massari Francesco , Raspollini Maria Rosaria , Scarpelli Marina , Lopez-Beltran Antonio , Cheng Liang , Montironi Rodolfo
Published: June 2016

Recent insights and emerging strategies for individualized therapeutic approaches in patients with genitourinary (GU) cancers are based on patient's genomic and cancer's molecular profiles. This depends on the significant advances made in molecular biology technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and whole-exome sequencing. The rise of such novel techniques has grayly increased our knowledge on cancer cell biology and development, thus allowing to identify complex abnormalities at the genomic level. These findings have paved the way toward what is called precision medicine, thus providing healthcare from an individual perspective in patients with GU tumors.
Editor’s Note: Little Cogs Make Big Machines Work
Authors: Verbeten Sharon
Published: June 2016

Hasn’t it been an extraordinary year to be involved in children’s literature? As I write this, I’m still basking in the glow of the Youth Media Awards, which gave us some amazing and somewhat surprising winners. But overall, the squeals of delight could be heard throughout rainy Boston. It’s an invigorating experience to be sure, much like every convention experience I’ve had.
Shifting Gears . . . It’s How We Roll: Minnesota’s Award-Winning BookBike
Authors: Acerro Heather
Published: June 2016

In April 2015, Rochester (MN) Public Library (RPL) launched its BookBike, a bicycle-powered outreach cart filled with books, library information, and fun giveaways. RPL works with a service population of 141,985 in Olmsted County, through an 85,470-square-foot downtown library and a Bookmobile.
Helping Hands: Author’s Memory Concreted in Picturebook
Authors: Verbeten Sharon
Published: June 2016

“I never actually let myself believe that he was not going to make it.”That’s what author Kathryn Otoshi said when she heard her friend Bret Baumgarten—always so full of life—was fighting stage 4 pancreatic cancer. But in 2014, when he died at age 44, Otoshi could at least take some comfort that he had left behind a legacy for his two children—one which she helped make happen.
Everyday Advocacy: Start Anywhere: The Everyday Advocacy Challenge
Authors: Nemec-Loise Jenna
Published: June 2016

Great things don’t always have to start at the beginning. Sometimes the most exciting things can start right smack in the middle.For example, think of your favorite informational book for kids. If it’s a great informational book (and I’ll bet it is since you love it), you can open it up to any page, and voilà! You can dig right in because of all the text features available to guide you: Headings, captions, sidebars, photographs, and more. Because of its specialized design, any page in an informational book is an entry point and a prime opportunity for learning.
Research Roundup: Digital Media and Young Children
Authors: Goldsmith Annette Y. , Diamant-Cohen Betsy
Published: June 2016

The research on screen time, digital media, and young children is of great interest to families and the librarians who work with them, as evidenced by comments in the Preschool Services Discussion online and by the large number of participants at the Preschool Services Discussion Group meeting at the ALA Midwinter Meeting in Boston. As a follow-up, this column will highlight a few studies regarding children and media and will also present a selection of media mentorship resources, including some collected by the Preschool Services Discussion Group (with thanks to Sue McCleaf Nespeca and Linda L. Ernst).
The Last Word: A Celebration of Storytimes
Authors: Campana Kathleen , Mills J. Elizabeth , Ghoting Saroj
Published: June 2016

Our new book, Supercharged Storytimes: An Early Literacy Planning and Assessment Guide, translates the research findings of Project VIEWS21 into easy-to-follow tips and explanations on how to enhance storytimes and contribute to the early learning development of the children who attend. Enjoy this excerpt and celebrate the magic and fun of storytimes.
From everyday communicative figurations to rigorous audience news repertoires: A mixed method approach to cross-media news consumption
Authors: Kobbernagel Christian , Schrøder Kim Christian
Published: June 2016

In the last couple of decades there has been an unprecedented explosion of news media platforms and formats, as a succession of digital and social media have joined the ranks of legacy media. We live in a ‘hybrid media system’ (Chadwick, 2013), in which people build their cross-media news repertoires from the ensemble of old and new media available. This article presents an innovative mixed-method approach with considerable explanatory power to the exploration of patterns of news media consumption. This approach tailors Q-methodology in the direction of a qualitative study of news consumption, in which a card sorting exercise serves to translate the participants’ news media preferences into a form that enables the researcher to undertake a rigorous factor-analytical construction of their news consumption repertoires. This interpretive, factor-analytical procedure, which results in the building of six audience news repertoires in Denmark, also preserves the qualitative thickness of the participants’ verbal accounts of the communicative figurations of their day-in-the-life with the news media.
Investigating communication networks contextually: Qualitative network analysis as cross-media research
Authors: Hepp Andreas , Roitsch Cindy , Berg Matthias
Published: June 2016

This article introduces the approach of contextualised communication network analysis as a qualitative procedure for researching communicative relationships realised through the media. It combines qualitative interviews on media appropriation, egocentric network maps, and media diaries. Through the triangulation of these methods of data collection, it is possible to gain a differentiated insight into the specific meanings, structures and processes of communication networks across a variety of media. The approach is illustrated using a recent study dealing with the mediatisation of community building among young people. In this context, the qualitative communication network analysis has been applied to distinguish “localists” from “centrists”, “multilocalists”, and “pluralists”. These different “horizons of mediatised communitisation” are connected to distinct communication networks. Since this involves today a variety of different media, the contextual analysis of communication networks necessarily has to imply a cross-media perspective.
Researching intimacy through social media: A cross-platform approach
Authors: Miguel Cristina
Published: June 2016

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of how to study the way people build intimacy and manage privacy through social media interaction. It explores the research design and methodology of a research project based on a multi-sited case study composed of three different social media platforms: Badoo, CouchSurfing, and Facebook. This cross-platform approach is useful to observe how intimacy is often negotiated across different platforms. The research project focuses on the cities of Leeds (UK) and Barcelona (Spain). In particular, this article discusses the methods used to recruit participants and collect data for that study - namely, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and user profiles analysis. This cross-platform approach and multi-method research design is helpful to investigate the nature of intimacy practices facilitated by social media at several levels: online/offline, across different platforms, among different types of relationships, within both new and existing relationships, and in different locations
The media go-along: Researching mobilities with media at hand
Authors: Jørgensen Kristian Møller
Published: June 2016

This article contributes methodologically and theoretically to Christine Hine’s call for a mobilities oriented internet ethnography. First, a ‘media go-along’, combining interviews and observations of a personal communication service at hand, is developed. Research participants give verbal and visual tours, framed by the researcher’s discursively constituted invitations for orientation. Then, a theoretical framework integrating an analysis of media environment mobilities is developed. From research material on hook-up and dating apps targeting non-heterosexual men, it is shown how 1) research participants’ navigation is materially contingent upon the medium and subject to momentary purposes and styles, 2) researcher presence and access must regularly be re-inscribed discursively, and 3) mobile media analysis, based on the media go-along’s representations of verbal, material, affective, and kinetic aspects of social interaction, is useful in the analysis of socially-conditioned access to, and production of, single media practice and experience.
Fra monteret monolog til direkte dialog
Authors: Berg Freja Sørine Adler
Published: June 2016

Siden nedlæggelsen af montageafdelingen i DR i 2008 har dansk public service-taleradio været kritiseret for at mangle kunstneriske ambitioner. I artiklen bliver det dokumenteret, at P1 og Radio24syv vægter aktualitet, lytterengagement og lytterinteraktivitet over de tidskrævende, monterede formater. Den kvantitative indholdsanalyse af en uges programmer i 2007 og 2015 viser et fald i formidlingsformer som oplæsning, reportage, interviews uden for studiet, dokumentar og drama. Dertil måles en stigning i studieinterviews og dialog. Gennem en dokumentanalyse vurderes det, at både DR og Radio24syv ønsker at være brede og modtagerorienterede. Det konkluderes, at der er sket en ensretning af formidlingsformerne siden 2007, og at public service-taleradioen i den forstand blevet mere smal i dens udbud. Artiklen er samtidig et metodisk eksempel på, hvordan man kan arbejde kvantitativt med radiooutput.
Loss of Frataxin induces iron toxicity, sphingolipid synthesis, and Pdk1/Mef2 activation, leading to neurodegeneration
Authors: Chen Kuchuan , Lin Guang , Haelterman Nele A , Ho Tammy Szu-Yu , Li Tongchao , Li Zhihong , Duraine Lita , Graham Brett H , Jaiswal Manish , Yamamoto Shinya , Rasband Matthew N , Bellen Hugo J
Published: June 2016

Mutations in Frataxin (FXN) cause Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), a recessive neurodegenerative disorder. Previous studies have proposed that loss of FXN causes mitochondrial dysfunction, which triggers elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to the demise of neurons. Here we describe a ROS independent mechanism that contributes to neurodegeneration in fly FXN mutants. We show that loss of frataxin homolog (fh) in Drosophila leads to iron toxicity, which in turn induces sphingolipid synthesis and ectopically activates 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (Pdk1) and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (Mef2). Dampening iron toxicity, inhibiting sphingolipid synthesis by Myriocin, or reducing Pdk1 or Mef2 levels, all effectively suppress neurodegeneration in fh mutants. Moreover, increasing dihydrosphingosine activates Mef2 activity through PDK1 in mammalian neuronal cell line suggesting that the mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved. Our results indicate that an iron/sphingolipid/Pdk1/Mef2 pathway may play a role in FRDA.
Exploring Perceived Fairness in Hotel Service Recovery: The Case of Kingdom Plaza, Wuhan
Authors: Chen Hanyu , Lee Yun Lok , Weiler Betty
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the fairness perceptions of Chinese hotel consumers about service recovery. A total of 460 Chinese hotel guests participated in this study. The measures were adopted from previous studies and data were collected in a hotel in Wuhan. The findings confirmed the importance of compensation to Chinese consumers whilst highlighting their emphasis on interactional fairness. The study also revealed that Chinese hotel consumers lacked the knowledge in procedural fairness.
Longitudinal conjunction between MESSENGER and STEREO A: Development of ICME complexity through stream interactions
Authors: Winslow Reka M. , Lugaz Noé , Schwadron Nathan A. , Farrugia Charles J. , Yu Wenyuan , Raines Jim M. , Mays M. Leila , Galvin Antoinette B. , Zurbuchen Thomas H.
Published: June 2016

We use data on an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) seen by MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) and STEREO A starting on 29 December 2011 in a near‐perfect longitudinal conjunction (within 3°) to illustrate changes in its structure via interaction with the solar wind in less than 0.6 AU. From force‐free field modeling we infer that the orientation of the underlying flux rope has undergone a rotation of ∼80° in latitude and ∼65° in longitude. Based on both spacecraft measurements as well as ENLIL model simulations of the steady state solar wind, we find that interaction involving magnetic reconnection with corotating structures in the solar wind dramatically alters the ICME magnetic field. In particular, we observed a highly turbulent region with distinct properties within the flux rope at STEREO A, not observed at MESSENGER, which we attribute to interaction between the ICME and a heliospheric plasma sheet/current sheet during propagation. Our case study is a concrete example of a sequence of events that can increase the complexity of ICMEs with heliocentric distance even in the inner heliosphere. The results highlight the need for large‐scale statistical studies of ICME events observed in conjunction at different heliocentric distances to determine how frequently significant changes in flux rope orientation occur during propagation. These results also have significant implications for space weather forecasting and should serve as a caution on using very distant observations to predict the geoeffectiveness of large interplanetary transients.
Changes in groundwater recharge under projected climate in the upper Colorado River basin
Authors: Tillman Fred D , Gangopadhyay Subhrendu , Pruitt Tom
Published: June 2016

Understanding groundwater‐budget components, particularly groundwater recharge, is important to sustainably manage both groundwater and surface water supplies in the Colorado River basin now and in the future. This study quantifies projected changes in upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) groundwater recharge from recent historical (1950–2015) through future (2016–2099) time periods, using a distributed‐parameter groundwater recharge model with downscaled climate data from 97 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate projections. Simulated future groundwater recharge in the UCRB is generally expected to be greater than the historical average in most decades. Increases in groundwater recharge in the UCRB are a consequence of projected increases in precipitation, offsetting reductions in recharge that would result from projected increased temperatures.
Production of cosmogenic isotopes 7Be, 10Be, 14C, 22Na, and 36Cl in the atmosphere: Altitudinal profiles of yield functions
Authors: Poluianov S. V. , Kovaltsov G. A. , Mishev A. L. , Usoskin I. G.
Published: June 2016

New consistent and precise computations of the production of five cosmogenic radioisotopes, 7Be, 10Be, 14C, 22Na, and 36Cl, in the Earth's atmosphere by cosmic rays are presented in the form of tabulated yield functions. For the first time, a detailed set of the altitude profiles of the production functions is provided which makes it possible to apply the results directly as input for atmospheric transport models. Good agreement with most of the earlier published works for columnar and global isotopic production rates is shown. Altitude profiles of the production are important, in particular for such tasks as studies of strong solar particle events in the past, precise reconstructions of solar activity on long‐term scale, tracing air mass dynamics using cosmogenic radioisotopes, etc. As an example, computations of the 10Be deposition flux in the polar region are shown for the last decades and also for a period around 780 A.D. and confronted with the actual measurements in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores.
Heat as a tracer for understanding transport processes in fractured media: Theory and field assessment from multiscale thermal push‐pull tracer tests
Authors: Klepikova Maria V. , Le Borgne Tanguy , Bour Olivier , Dentz Marco , Hochreutener Rebecca , Lavenant Nicolas
Published: June 2016

The characterization and modeling of heat transfer in fractured media is particularly challenging as the existence of fractures at multiple scales induces highly localized flow patterns. From a theoretical and numerical analysis of heat transfer in simple conceptual models of fractured media, we show that flow channeling has a significant effect on the scaling of heat recovery in both space and time. The late time tailing of heat recovery under channeled flow is shown to diverge from the
behavior expected for the classical parallel plate model and follow the scaling
for a simple channel modeled as a tube. This scaling, which differs significantly from known scalings in mobile‐immobile systems, is of purely geometrical origin: late time heat transfer from the matrix to a channel corresponds dimensionally to a radial diffusion process, while heat transfer from the matrix to a plate may be considered as a one‐dimensional process. This phenomenon is also manifested on the spatial scaling of heat recovery as flow channeling affects the decay of the thermal breakthrough peak amplitude and the increase of the peak time with scale. These findings are supported by the results of a field experimental campaign performed on the fractured rock site of Ploemeur. The scaling of heat recovery in time and space, measured from thermal breakthrough curves measured through a series of push‐pull tests at different scales, shows a clear signature of flow channeling. The whole data set can thus be successfully represented by a multichannel model parametrized by the mean channel density and aperture. These findings, which bring new insights on the effect of flow channeling on heat transfer in fractured rocks, show how heat recovery in geothermal tests may be controlled by fracture geometry. In addition, this highlights the interest of thermal push‐pull tests as a complement to solute tracers tests to infer fracture aperture and geometry.
Reaction mechanism and kinetics for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane on a Pt/CNT catalyst
Authors: Chen Wenyao , Li Dali , Wang Zijun , Qian Gang , Sui Zhijun , Duan Xuezhi , Zhou Xinggui , Yeboah Isaac , Chen De
Published: June 2016

A reaction mechanism is proposed for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane on a Pt/CNT catalyst. A combination of thermodynamic analysis and FTIR measurement reveals that B‐containing byproducts are mainly in the form of an NH4B(OH)4‐B(OH)3 mixture rather than NH4BO2 reported previously. The revised main reaction is
, involving the B–H, B–N, and O–H bond cleavages. Isotopic experiments using D2O instead of H2O as reactant or introducing D2 into the reaction atmosphere suggest the O–H bond cleavage being in the rate‐determining step, and an unfavorable occurrence of the chemisorbed H2O dissociation (i.e., the direct O–H bond cleavage), respectively. Different reaction pathways with indirect O–H bond cleavages are analyzed, and then
is suggested as the rate‐determining step. Subsequently, a Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model is developed, which fits well with the experimental data. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 60–65, 2017
A high‐throughput assay for screening modifiers of calcium oxalate crystallization
Authors: Ramamoorthy Sriram , Kwak Jun Ha , Karande Pankaj , Farmanesh Sahar , Rimer Jeffrey D.
Published: June 2016

Controlling crystal habit using growth modifiers provides novel avenues for tailoring properties of crystalline materials. Here, we report on the design of a high‐throughput screening assay for rapid identification of growth modifiers using calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization as a model system. We conducted a systematic study of assay parameters (sample volume, shaking, and temperature) on crystallization kinetics. Crystallization half‐time (t1/2), defined as the time at which crystallization is 50% complete, was obtained from the logistic fit of kinetic data and used as a measure of growth modifier potency. A test library of 13 peptides composed of aspartic acid and alanine residues was screened to determine their growth promotion or inhibition potentials. Leads identified from this study are in good agreement with ion‐selective electrode measurements and a single time point measurement of free calcium ion concentration is an excellent end‐point for evaluating modifier potency. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3538–3546, 2016
Normal growth, altered growth? Study of the relationship between harris lines and bone form within a post‐medieval plague cemetery (Dendermonde, Belgium, 16th Century)
Authors: Boucherie Alexandra , Castex Dominique , Polet Caroline , Kacki Sacha
Published: June 2016

Objectives

Harris lines (HLs) are defined as transverse, mineralized lines associated with temporary growth arrest. In paleopathology, HLs are used to reconstruct health status of past populations. However, their etiology is still obscure. The aim of this article is to test the reliability of HLs as an arrested growth marker by investigating their incidence on human metrical parameters.

Methods

The study was performed on 69 individuals (28 adults, 41 subadults) from the Dendermonde plague cemetery (Belgium, 16th century). HLs were rated on distal femora and both ends of tibiae. Overall prevalence and age‐at‐formation of each detected lines were calculated. ANOVA analyses were conducted within subadult and adult samples to test if the presence of HLs did impact size and shape parameters of the individuals.

Results

At Dendermonde, 52% of the individuals had at least one HL. The age‐at‐formation was estimated between 5 and 9 years old for the subadults and between 10 and 14 years old for the adults. ANOVA analyses showed that the presence of HLs did not affect the size of the individuals. However, significant differences in shape parameters were highlighted by HL presence. Subadults with HLs displayed slighter shape parameters than the subadults without, whereas the adults with HLs had larger measurements than the adults without.

Conclusions

The results suggest that HLs can have a certain impact on shape parameters. The underlying causes can be various, especially for the early formed HLs. However, HLs deposited around puberty are more likely to be physiological lines reflecting hormonal secretions. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 29:e22885, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Composite blending of ionic liquid–poly(ether sulfone) polymeric membranes: Green materials with potential for carbon dioxide/methane separation
Authors: Mohshim Dzeti Farhah , Mukhtar Hilmi , Man Zakaria
Published: June 2016

The incorporation of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids into a poly(ether sulfone) (PES) polymeric membrane resulted in a dense and void‐free polymeric membrane. As determined through the ideal gas permeation test, the carbon dioxide (CO2) permeation increased about 22% compared to that of the pure PES polymeric membrane whereas the methane (CH4) permeation decreased tremendously. This made the CO2/CH4 ideal separation increase substantially by more than 100%. This study highlighted the utilization of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids in the synthesis of ionic liquid polymeric membranes (ILPMs). Two different ionic liquids were used to compare the CO2 separation performance through the membranes. The glass‐transition temperatures (Tgs) of ILPMs were found to be lower than the Tg of the pure PES polymeric membranes; this supported the high CO2 permeation of the ILPMs due to the increase in PES flexibility caused by ionic liquid addition. The results also draw attention to new trends of ionic liquids as a potential green candidates for future membrane synthesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43999.
Myelinated Axons in the Auricular Branch of the Human Vagus Nerve
Authors: Safi Sami , Ellrich Jens , Neuhuber Winfried
Published: June 2016

Transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) resulted in deactivation of temporal lobe structures, similar to invasive cervical vagus nerve (CVN) stimulation. Presumably, both methods stimulated myelinated afferent beta axons mediating anti‐convulsive effects. How numbers of A beta axons in the human ABVN compare to those of the CVN is unknown. The ABVN, CVN, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and thoracic vagus nerve (TVN) were dissected from embalmed bodies. Numbers and calibers of myelinated axons were analyzed in semithin sections. Myelinated axons in the left and right ABVN averaged to 385 and 363, respectively. Numbers of A beta axons measuring ≥7 µm averaged to 64 and 78 on the left and right, respectively. Numbers of A beta axons in CVN were estimated by subtracting myelinated presumed motor axons in RLN from the total count of CVN. This resulted in 280 and 504 A beta axons on the left and right, respectively, concurring well with the thick myelinated axon count of the ipsilateral TVN (255 and 466, respectively). Thus, the ratio of A beta axons in the ABVN and CVN was ∼1:5 and 1:6 on the left and right side, respectively. These results indicate that transcutaneous ABVN stimulation might be a promising alternative to invasive CVN stimulation. Anat Rec, 299:1184–1191, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The pectoral fin muscles of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae: Functional and evolutionary implications for the fin‐to‐limb transition and subsequent evolution of tetrapods
Authors: Miyake Tsutomu , Kumamoto Minayori , Iwata Masamitsu , Sato Ryuichi , Okabe Masataka , Koie Hiroshi , Kumai Nori , Fujii Kenichi , Matsuzaki Koji , Nakamura Chiho , Yamauchi Shinya , Yoshida Kosuke , Yoshimura Kohtaroh , Komoda Akira , Uyeno Teruya , Abe Yoshitaka
Published: June 2016

To investigate the morphology and evolutionary origin of muscles in vertebrate limbs, we conducted anatomical dissections, computed tomography and kinematic analyses on the pectoral fin of the African coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. We discovered nine antagonistic pairs of pronators and supinators that are anatomically and functionally distinct from the abductor and adductor superficiales and profundi. In particular, the first pronator and supinator pair represents mono‐ and biarticular muscles; a portion of the muscle fibers is attached to ridges on the humerus and is separated into two monoarticular muscles, whereas, as a biarticular muscle, the main body is inserted into the radius by crossing two joints from the shoulder girdle. This pair, consisting of a pronator and supinator, constitutes a muscle arrangement equivalent to two human antagonistic pairs of monoarticular muscles and one antagonistic pair of biarticular muscles in the stylopod between the shoulder and elbow joints. Our recent kinesiological and biomechanical engineering studies on human limbs have demonstrated that two antagonistic pairs of monoarticular muscles and one antagonistic pair of biarticular muscles in the stylopod (1) coordinately control output force and force direction at the wrist and ankle and (2) achieve a contact task to carry out weight‐bearing motion and maintain stable posture. Therefore, along with dissections of the pectoral fins in two lungfish species, Neoceratodus forsteri and Protopterus aethiopicus, we discuss the functional and evolutionary implications for the fin‐to‐limb transition and subsequent evolution of tetrapods. Anat Rec, 299:1203–1223, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of professional development on teachers' gendered feedback patterns, students' misbehaviour and students' sense of equity: results from a one‐year quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Consuegra Els , Engels Nadine
Published: June 2016

There have been numerous studies investigating the extent to which teacher–student classroom interactions differ between boys and girls and the results of these studies suggest that teacher negative feedback is higher for boys, which in turn leads to lower levels of on‐task behaviour. The article describes the results of a quasi‐experimental study, involving 30 teachers and a selection of 129 of their students, aimed at improving teacher feedback patterns, student behavioural responses and student perception of equity in the classroom environment. Fifteen teachers took part in a five‐session professional development programme in which they investigated their own teaching practice by means of collaborative appreciative inquiry. The pre‐test and post‐test data in the control group illustrate that girls who receive very high levels of positive feedback at the beginning of the year succeed in maintaining and even strengthening their position as favoured students while at the same time lowering their level of raising hands and increasing their level of calling out to the teacher. By contrast, the data in the intervention group show a drop of very high levels of positive feedback and we see the levels of misbehaviour in boys and girls rise. Students' sense of equity increases for all conditions to some extent. The paper considers two alternative explanations for the results: some students actively resist changes in teacher treatment and various confounding factors might have been omitted. Implications and suggestions for further research and the design of professional development programmes on gendered classroom interactions are discussed.
Could we also be regenerative superheroes, like salamanders?
Authors: Dall'Agnese Alessandra , Puri Pier Lorenzo
Published: June 2016

Development of methods to reawaken the semi‐dormant regenerative potential that lies within adult human tissues would hold promise for the restoration of diseased or damaged organs and tissues. While most of the regeneration potential is suppressed in many vertebrates, including humans, during adult life, urodele amphibians (salamanders) retain their regenerative ability throughout adulthood. Studies in newts and axolotls, two salamander models, have provided significant knowledge about adult limb regeneration. In this review, we present a comparative analysis of salamander and mammalian regeneration and discuss how evolutionarily altered properties of the regenerative environment can be exploited to restore full regenerative potential in the human body.
Energy for two: New archaeal lineages and the origin of mitochondria
Authors: Martin William F. , Neukirchen Sinje , Zimorski Verena , Gould Sven B. , Sousa Filipa L.
Published: June 2016

Metagenomics bears upon all aspects of microbiology, including our understanding of mitochondrial and eukaryote origin. Recently, ribosomal protein phylogenies show the eukaryote host lineage – the archaeal lineage that acquired the mitochondrion – to branch within the archaea. Metagenomic studies are now uncovering new archaeal lineages that branch more closely to the host than any cultivated archaea do. But how do they grow? Carbon and energy metabolism as pieced together from metagenome assemblies of these new archaeal lineages, such as the Deep Sea Archaeal Group (including Lokiarchaeota) and Bathyarchaeota, do not match the physiology of any cultivated microbes. Understanding how these new lineages live in their environment is important, and might hold clues about how mitochondria arose and how the eukaryotic lineage got started. Here we look at these exciting new metagenomic studies, what they say about archaeal physiology in modern environments, how they impact views on host‐mitochondrion physiological interactions at eukaryote origin.
Evaluation of surrogate tissues as indicators of drug activity in a melanoma skin model
Authors: Parekh Palak R. , Choudhuri Rohini , Weyemi Urbain , Martin Olga A. , Bonner William M. , Redon Christophe E.
Published: June 2016

The development of novel cancer treatments is a challenging task, partly because results from model systems often fail to predict drug efficacy in humans, and also tumors are often inaccessible for biochemical analysis, preventing effective monitoring of drug activity in vivo. Utilizing a model system, we evaluated the use of drug‐induced DNA damage in surrogate tissues as indicators of drug efficacy. Samples of a commercially available melanoma skin model (Mattek MLNM‐FT‐A375) containing keratinocyte and fibroblast layers with melanoma nodules were subjected to various chemotherapeutic regimens for one, four, or eight days. At these times they were analyzed for DNA double‐stranded breaks (γH2AX foci) and apoptosis (TUNEL). A wide range of drug responses in both tumor and normal tissues were observed and cataloged. For the melanoma, the most common drug response was apoptosis. The basal keratinocyte layer, which was the most reliable indicator of drug response in the melanoma skin model, responded with γH2AX foci formation that was abrupt and transient. The relationships between tumor and surrogate tissue drug responses are complex, indicating that while surrogate tissue drug responses may be useful clinical tools, careful control of variables such as the timing of sampling may be important in interpreting the results.