bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortality and case fatality rates of covid-19 in the state of goiás, brazil
Authors: Alexandre Trivilato Rodrigo , Cristina Morais Tassiane , Elena Guerrero Daboin Blanca , Paiva Emidio Cavalcant Matheus , Cauê Jacintho Lucas , Daminello Raimundo Rodrigo , De Oliveira Eichemberg Jorge , Elmusharaf Khalifa , Eduardo Siqueira Carlos , Luiz de Figueiredo José
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the initial spread of the pandemic in Brazil was mainly affected by patterns of socioeconomic vulnerability. It should be noted that the Central-West region of Brazil is one of the regions with the lowest number of cases, but the states of this region together have the highest mortality rate of COVID-19 in the country. Goiás was the most affected state of this region, with the highest number of deaths in the area.
Objective: to assess the incidence of mortality and lethality caused by COVID-19 from March 2020 to June 2021 in the State of Goiás, Brazil.
Methods: an ecological study, using a series of time series of public and official data of the Department of Health of the State of Goiás, Brazil. Information was collected on cases and deaths from COVID-19 from March 2020 to June 2021. Mortality, case fatality, and incidence rates were calculated. The Prais-Wisten regression model was used to build time series. The daily percent change (DPC) and the effective reproductive number (Rt) were estimated.
Results: Goiás had a predominance of a greater viral spread during the first and the beginning of the second wave, with Rt higher than 1. The second wave from December 2020 to June 2021 was more lethal and had higher mortality rates than the first wave. It was observed, higher scores of case fatality and mortality belonged to males and the elderly.
Conclusion: an analysis of mortality and case fatality rates helps understand the COVID-19 pandemic behavior in Goiás. It is essential to monitor epidemiological indicators and strengthen intervention strategies to contain the pandemic in this state.
Trends in COVID-19 mortality and case-fatality rate in the State of Paraná, South Brazil: spatiotemporal analysis over one year of the Pandemic
Authors: De Siqueira Junior Djalma , Cristina Morais Tassiane , Portugal Isabella , Paiva Emidio Cavalcanti Matheus , Elena Guerrero Daboin Blanca , Daminello Raimundo Rodrigo , Cauê Jacintho Lucas , De Oliveira Echeimberg Jorge , Elmusharaf Khalifa , Eduardo Siqueira Carlos
Published: December 2021

Introduction: by late 2019, China notified a new disease rising, and with the agent’s identification, it was called COVID-19. Despite the efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO) and worldwide countries, the disease spread out of control; on March 11, WHO declared the pandemic state. Brazil is the biggest country in South America, demarcated into 26 states with different economic, cultural, and social aspects. Paraná is one of the Brazilian federative units, it is the sixth more economically important and ranks second in Education. Its first COVID-19 case was confirmed on March 12, 2020, and the first death was on March 27, two weeks after the first death in Brazil.
Objective: This study objective is to determine the mortality and case-fatality rates of COVID-19 in the State of Paraná, Brazil, from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021.
Methods: It is an ecological time-series study, using all cases (854,326) and deaths (17,229 deaths) of COVID-19 reported in public and official database of the State of Paraná Health Department. Case fatality and mortality rates were stratified by sex and age. For trend analysis, the period was divided into a first “wave” (March to November 2020) and a second “wave” (December 2020 to March 2021). The Prais-Winsten regression model for population mortality and case-fatality rates allowed classifying whether it increased, decreased, or was flat.
Results: Women were more affected by the number of cases, with 454,056 cases (53.15%) confirmed and 7,257 fatalities (42.12%). A total of 400,270 men (46.85%) were infected and 9,972(57.87%) died. For the first year of COVID-19, in the State of Paraná, the incidence was calculated as 7404.12/100,000 inhabitants, the mortality was 149.32/100,000 inhabitants, and the case-fatality rate was 2.02%. We saw a tendency for decreasing the case-fatality rate (DPC = -0,18; p<0,001). The mortality and incidence showed an increasing trend (DPC=1,13, p<0,001; DPC=1,58, p<0,001, respectively).
Conclusion: The level and variability of transmission during this first year of pandemic suggest that the disease in the State of Paraná was never under control.
الأدب العربي والحداثة: مراجعة في آثار الدارسين
Authors: باحشوان سلمى
Published: December 2021

يتناول هذا البحث شرح آراء عديد الباحثين ونقدها في مسألة الأدب العربيّ وإشكالية الحداثة، فقد اختلفت القراءات، فمنهم من يرى أنّ الأدب العربيّ لم يعرف حداثة ولا تجديدا في القديم، وأمّا في الحديث، فإنّها مسقطة ووافدة من الآخر ولا تحقّق شروط الإبداع، في حين يقول نقّاد آخرون: إنّ الأدب العربيّ شهد تحديثا مبكّرا مستدلين بنصوص كثيرة، وسأعمل في هذا البحث على تحليل هذين الرأيين المتباينين؛ الأول مرتكزه أنّ الأدب العربيّ إبداع منفصل عن السياق العربيّ ومنشدّ إلى المنجز الغربيّ، والثاني اعتبار الأدب العربيّ محقّق للحداثة العربيّة مجيب عن أسئلتها ومجسّد لملامحها وأهدافها.
مستوى الحاجة إلى المعلم المساعد للعمل في معاهد وبرامج التربية الخاصة من منظور المعلمين بالمملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: الوابلي عبدالله , القريني تركي
Published: December 2021

هدف البحث الحالي إلى استطلاع آراء المعلمين والمعلمات حول مدى الحاجة إلى المعلم المساعد للعمل في معاهد وبرامج التربية الخاصة بالمملكة العربية السعودية. وقد تكونت أداة البحث من قسمين شمل القسم الأول معلومات عامة عن أفراد عينة البحث فيما شمل القسم الثاني (30) ثلاثون عبارة تمثل مستوى الحاجة إلى المعلم المساعد في برامج التربية الخاصة. وشملت عينة البحث (1076) من بين (12820) معلماً ومعلمة للتربية الخاصة يعملون في برامج التربية الخاصة التي تقدم خدماتها لذوي الإعاقة في مختلف مناطق المملكة. واظهرت نتائج البحث وجود حاجة ماسة الى المعلم المساعد في تلك المؤسسات التعليمية؛ حيث جاءت الحاجة إليه وفقاً لطبيعة الأدوار والمهام مرتبة حسب الأهمية على النحو التالي: المساندة في الأعمال الأكاديمية، المساعدة في الإشراف والمراقبة والمتابعة والمساعدة في التقييم والتخطيط للبرامج، والقيام بالأعمال الاعتيادية أو الروتينية اليومية، المساندة في عمليات الاتصال والتواصل. كما اسفرت نتائج البحث عن وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية حول مستوى الحاجة الى المعلم المساعد وفقاً لمتغير الجنس بين أفراد العينة وذلك لصالح المعلمات. فيما لم تظهر النتائج فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية حول مستوى الحاجة الى مساعد المعلم تعود لاختلاف نوع إعاقة التلاميذ الذين يتعامل معها أفراد العينة، إلا في أبعاد ثلاثة.
السّرد النِّسويّ وتقنيَّة تعدّد الأصوات في روايات سحر خليفة رواية (لم نعد جواري لكم) نموذجًا
Authors: البرهو صالح , العلي رشا
Published: December 2021

يهدف هذا البحث إلى إلقاء الضّوء على تقنيّةٍ تميزت بها الرّواية الحداثيَّة عمومًا وروايات سحر خليفة خصوصًا، وهي تقنيّة تعدّد الأصوات؛ بوصفها تقنيّةً أساسيَّةً تجلتْ في هذا المسرود؛ ليصبح أكثر قدرة على الإقناع والمراوغة في إيصال أفكاره، بأسلوب مباشر وغير مباشر، فقد حاول خلخلة القواعد الاجتماعيَّة من خلال إفساحه المجال للأصوات الرّوائيَّة المهمشة اجتماعيًّا؛ للتعبير عن وجهات نظرها، والانحياز للأصوات الأنثويَّة، وجعلها أصواتًا مسيطرةً على السّرد النِّسويّ وفاعلة فيه، ومن ثم كان السّرد عمليَّة تعويض عمّا تعرضتْ له الذّات الأنثويَّة من حجب وإسكات وتهميش في مسيرتها الحياتيَّة.
موقف التشريع الجزائي الإماراتي من حالة الضرورة
Authors: الجراح أحمد
Published: December 2021

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على حالة الضرورة في الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الوضعي، وبيان السياسة العقابية في ضوء الفعل الضروري، وتوضيح الطبيعة القانونية لحالة الضرورة سواء باعتبارها سبباً من أسباب الإباحة أو مانعاً من موانع المسؤولية وبيان آثارها الجزائية؛ إذ تتطلب حالة الضرورة فعل يرتكب تحت تأثير التهديد بهذا الخطر، أي أن حالة الضرورة تقوم على ركنين أساسيين، يتمثل الأول في الخطر الذي يهدد النفس أو المال أو كليهما معاً، ويتمثل الثاني في فعل الضرورة الذي يلجأ إليه الإنسان لكي يواجه هذا الخطر، ويرى فيه وفقاً لتفكيره وظروف الحال أنه الوسيلة الوحيدة لدرء هذا الخطر. وتبين أن المشرع الإماراتي – كغيره من التشريعات العربية - لم يدرج حالة الضرورة ضمن أسباب الإباحة، بل جعلها مانعاً من موانع المسؤولية الجزائية، وتبين أن المشرع الجزائي الإماراتي قد أحسن في تضمين نص المادة (64) من قانون العقوبات الاتحادي لحالة الضرورة الجزائية على الخطر المهدد للنفس والمال، مما يدل على النظرة المستقبلية للمشرع الاتحادي الإماراتي ومواكبته لتغيرات الحياة وتطورها.
خصوصية حق الانتفاع في قانون المعاملات المدنية الإماراتي
Authors: اللهيبي صالح , الشويهي علي
Published: December 2021

حق الانتفاع من الحقوق العينية الأصيلة التي لم تنل حظها من البحث في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة من قبل الباحثين القانونين، عليه فقد وقع الاختيار على هذا العنوان، وقد حاولنا من خلال هذا البحث التمييز بين حق الانتفاع وحق المستأجر إذ وجدنا أن هذه من أكبر الإشكاليات التي لاحظناها في الواقع العملي، لاسيما إذا ما عرفنا أن هناك لجانًا خاصة لفض النزاعات الإيجارية تختص في الفصل في نزاعات الإيجار، أما نزاعات حق الانتفاع فهي تبقى ضمن الولاية العامة للقضاء ومن اختصاص المحاكم الابتدائية. لذلك أثرنا اختيار هذا الموضوع وحاولنا التوصل إلى بعض الحلول التي سنبينها في البحث.
مدى اعتماد القاضي للعرف في تقدير موجب الفرقة في دعاوى التطليق - دراسة مقارنة في القانونين الجزائري والمصري والعمل القضائي-
Authors: حجاري محمد
Published: December 2021

يمثل العرف دورًا مهما في أحكام الأسرة، وتحديدا تلك المتعلقة بالتفريق القضائي، بالنظر لما يقوم به القاضي من دور إيجابي في تقدير البينات القضائية، وهو ما يقتضي بيان حدود توظيف العرف في تلك الدعاوى وضوابطه، ومدى كفالة حقوق المتقاضين، من خلال الحكم بالظاهر أو القرائن في دعاوى التفريق التي أقرها الفقهاء بناء على ظروف وبيئات معينة، حيث يكون تقريرها بموجب نصوص قانونية مما ينبغي أن يراعى فيه مدى تغير تلك الظروف والأعراف التي  بنيت عليها، كما ينبغي على العمل القضائي فهم ذلك واستيعابه في كثير من الممارسات القضائية. إلا أنه مما يؤسف له عدم بيان العمل القضائي لمصدر أحكامه القضائية ومبناها، وهو ما قد يرقى بها لدرجة النص القانوني، فضلا على عدم وضع ضوابط يسترشد بها قضاة المحاكم الدنيا في تحديد العرف الذي تبنى عليه الأحكام.
How Robust Must International Law Be?
Authors: Silverburg Sanford
Published: December 2021

There is an examination of the political, economic, social, and humanitarian status of the globe.  The intent is to determine the extent to which extraordinary degrading conditions in the world that can be ameliorated by the application and enforcement of international law. Substantial literature will be cited that support the exposed conditions which have a deleterious effect on humans.  As a final note and conclusion, the study shows there is an imperative demand that subjects of international law, particularly states, and international organizations, comply with principles of international law and ensure its enforcement for the benefit of the international community.
ولاية القضاء المحلي لإمارة أبوظبي
Authors: الصندل مريم , محمود سيد
Published: December 2021

يتميز القضاء في دولة الإمارات بالازدواجية؛ فهو يشمل القضاء الاتحادي والقضاء المحلي لبعض الإمارات التي اختارت استقلال قضائها عن القضاء الاتحادي، وينظم الدستور في المواد من 94 إلى 109 العلاقة بين هذين النظامين وتشرح أصولها بشكل عام، بينما تركت بيان تفصيلاتها للقضاء المحلي للإمارة دون أن يخالف أو يتعارض مع المبادئ الكلية التي وضعها الدستور. ولكل إمارة من الإمارات السبع الحق في اختيار إما أن تكون جزء من السلطة القضائية الاتحادية، أو الحفاظ على النظام القضائي المحلي الخاص بها. وتلتزم كل جهة قضائية بحدود ولايتها القضائية، التي يتم تحديديها بناء على ما ورد في الدستور والقوانين الاتحادية والمحلية.

وقد استقل قضاء إمارة أبوظبي بناء على القانون رقم 23 لسنة 2006، ويتكون قضاء إمارة أبوظبي من هيئات قضائية مستقلة خاصة بها، وتعنى بالمسائل التي لم يُعهد بها للقضاء الاتحادي، وفقاً لأحكام الدستور. وحددت التشريعات الولاية القضائية للمحاكم والتشكيلات القضائية المتخصصة التابعة للإمارة.
El juego como propuesta didáctica en educación física con alumnos de primaria
Authors: HernándezMartín P. , HernándezInduráin I. , Moral García José E.
Published: December 2021

: En este artículo se va a analizar el papel que desempeña la Educación Física y el juego en los niños de Educación Primaria a través de los contenidos
habilidades motrices y conocimiento corporal. El sedentarismo está relacionado con
la aparición de enfermedades, por ello la importancia de inculcar hábitos saludables
desde edades tempranas. Las habilidades motrices y el conocimiento corporal aparecen desde los primeros años de vida: andar, saltar, reconocer su propio cuerpo, etc.,
por ello, potenciar dichas capacidades es labor del docente. Los juegos en Educación
Física suscitan diferentes emociones en los alumnos en función de la clasificación
motriz del propio juego (psicomotores, cooperación, oposición o cooperación-oposición). Algunas metodologías óptimas para el desarrollo de estos contenidos en Educación Física son el descubrimiento guiado o la resolución de problemas, aumentado ambas la autoestima y la implicación del estudiante en su propio proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Editorial
Authors: Andaluz Romanillos Ana María
Published: December 2021

Editorial
Algoritmos, big data e inteligencia artificial: ¿un nihilismo anunciado?
Authors: Valle Jiménez Dune , García Ramírez Diego
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo analiza los vínculos entre la técnica de la era digital y el nihilismo. Ante el anuncio de un camino certero hacia la perfección y la plenitud, a través del desarrollo exponencial de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, contraponemos las filosofías de Nietzsche, Jünger y Heidegger. El advenimiento de una sociedad de la certeza, en la que el cálculo y la planificación controla las esferas existenciales individuales y colectivas, en diálogo con estos autores resuena a nihilismo tecnológico. La inteligencia artificial y sus aplicaciones, entendida como el gran relato del Siglo XXI, genera un nihilismo pasivo e incompleto, que remplaza la teleología divina con una profecía tecnológica, en la que la inteligencia artificial, comprendida como valor absoluto, nos conduce hacia el mejor de los mundos posibles.
Polarización social y control político: algunas consecuencias de la inteligencia artificial y las redes sociales para la razón práctica
Authors: Sarrión Andaluz José , Rodríguez-Gordo Carlos
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza diversas implicaciones político-filosóficas de las Inteligencias Artificiales que dirigen las Redes Sociales. En primer lugar, se estudia la polarización social, la cual se observa como consecuencia de la búsqueda de beneficios económicos, que crea, a su vez, la necesidad de ofrecer contenidos polémicos para maximizar la presencia de los usuarios en las Redes Sociales. En segundo lugar, aborda el aumento del control político, debido a la capacidad predictiva y manipulativa de las IA que dirigen dichas redes. Por último, se centrará en la pretendida neutralidad y transparencia de dicha tecnología. En los tres momentos de este trabajo se emplearán herramientas procedentes del arsenal analítico que nos han legado algunos autores de la filosofía del siglo XX tales como Horkheimer, Marcuse, Habermas, Mosterín, Gramsci y Quintanilla, entre otros, cuyas propuestas se aplican a la realidad estudiada. Finalmente, se bosquejarán propuestas prácticas ante la problemática descrita.
SACRISTÁN, Manuel, Sobre Jean-Paul Sartre. Edición de Salvador López Arnal y José Sarrión Andaluz. Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2021, 188 pp.
Authors: Aviñó McChesney Ariane
Published: December 2021

Recensión de SACRISTÁN, Manuel, Sobre Jean-Paul Sartre. Edición de Salvador López Arnal y José Sarrión Andaluz. Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2021, 188 pp.
La sinodalidad, criterio orientador de la acción pastoral de la Iglesia
Authors: Andrades Ledo Francisco José
Published: December 2021

Con el pontificado de
Francisco se ha reactivado en la Iglesia
el proceso de recepción del Concilio Vaticano II, destacando la sinodalidad
como elemento constitutivo de la Iglesia. El documento de la Comisión Teológica Internacional sobre esta temática
ha concedido importancia a lo que ella
supone para la teología de la Iglesia y
para su misión pastoral. Con la siguiente reflexión se quiere profundizar
en su incidencia en la práctica de la
Iglesia, apuntando algunos criterios de
acción que puedan hacerse operativos
en la vida de la comunidad eclesial.
La geografía de la pobreza en el siglo XVIII. Los españoles acogidos a la caridad de la archicofradía de la Resurrección en Roma
Authors: Calvo Gómez
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo de investigación histórica trata de analizar una
parte de la obra caritativa española en
Roma durante el siglo XVIII. La archicofradía de la Santísima Resurrección, que
actuó junto a otras instituciones nacionales, como las iglesias y hospitales de
Santiago de los Españoles y Santa María
de Monserrat, entre otros, fue erigida
por bula de Gregorio XIII en 1579. Esta
pía institución desarrolló una amplia actividad litúrgica, sobre todo a lo largo del
siglo XVII. La procesión de la Resurrección en Plaza Navona fue, durante décadas, la expresión más viva de la grandeza
de la Monarquía Católica en la Urbe el siglo XVIII, sin embargo, las posibilidades económicas de la archicofradía se
redujeron notablemente. Aun así, la lista
de los pobres atendidos por el procurador de la nación en 1726 fue prolija y permite estudiar, desde una mirada historiográficamente menos habitual, la realidad de las necesidades materiales de la
comunidad española en Roma.
(Anty)bohaterowie w gąszczu aluzji. Poetyka powieści fantastycznej w "Słowodzicielce" Anny Szumacher
Authors: Kucharczyk Łukasz
Published: December 2021

In the article, I analyze Anna Szumacher’s novel Słowodzicielka as a metatextual work, talking about the conventions and traditions of fantastic literature. I begin by discussing the ontological status of the novel’s characters, their mismatch with the heroic pattern established in the tradition, and I define them as anti-heroes. Then I go on to discuss the intertextual strategies presented in the novel. I end my analysis with a discussion of the morphology of genres change in Słowodzicielka.
Obecnie stosowane oraz nowe strategie terapii przeciwko COVID-19
Authors: Kwiatek Agnieszka , Adamczyk-Popławska Monika , Szuster-Ciesielska Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 (ang. coronavirus disease 2019) to nazwa ostrej choroby zakaźnej układu oddechowego, wywołanej zakażeniem wirusem SARS-CoV-2. Pomimo długiego okresu trwającej pandemii, sposoby leczenia COVID-19 pozostają skromne. W poniższej pracy przedstawiamy informacje dotyczące dostępnych oraz potencjalnych terapeutyków będących związkami różnych typów. Podkreślamy również, że poszukiwania nowych strategii z jednej strony są przyśpieszone ze względu na dostępność dużej liczby pacjentów, ale z drugiej strony trzeba pamiętać o krytycznej weryfikacji wyników planowanych i przeprowadzonych badań klinicznych.
Charakterystyka betacoronavirusów oraz wariantów SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kwiatek Agnieszka , Dudek Inga
Published: December 2021

SARS-CoV-2, czynnik etiologiczny choroby koronawirusowej 2019 (COVID-19), pojawił się w Chinach w 2019 i rozprzestrzenił się globalnie, powodując pandemię. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiamy stan wiedzy o SARS-CoV-2 uwzględniając budowę i rolę białek: kolca S, E, M i N, a także cykl replikacyjny tego wirusa. Szczególnie istotne jest białko kolca ponieważ w trakcie rozwoju pandemii pojawiły się różne warianty wirusa SARS-CoV-2, które dotyczą głównie zmian w tym białku, a charakteryzują się zwiększoną infekcyjnością.
Pandemie. Wstęp
Authors: Kwiatek Agnieszka , Płytycz Barbara , Kubiak Jacek Z.
Published: December 2021

Wstęp
Pandemics. Introduction
Authors: Kwiatek Agnieszka , Płytycz Barbara , Kubiak Jacek Z.
Published: December 2021

Introduction
Analysis of the Effect of Climate Change on Flood Flows of Kemer Ağva River, Antalya
Authors: ÖZKOCA Tuğba
Published: December 2021

The environment and atmosphere are largely polluted due to increased urbanization, especially greenhouse gases from industrial and residential areas, and the trend of warming air on a global scale is increasing. In the event that global climate change persists for many years, it is expected that there may be significant increases in the severity, frequency and activity of hydrological natural disasters such as floods caused by these events, as well as extreme weather events. In recent years, Turkey has seen an increase in summer temperatures caused by climate change, a decrease in winter precipitation, and sudden and heavy rains and flood. Especially in the Western Mediterranean basin, heavy rainfall and flood events have started to be seen frequently due to climatic changes. In this study, current flood flow rates in Antalya Kemer Agva Stream and flood flow rates of 2050, 2075 and 2100 projections of HadGEM2-ES, MPI-ESM-MR and CNRM CM 5.1 climate models outputs were determined according to RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. With this study, it has been revealed that the flood flows in the Kemer Agva basin will increase in the period until 2050 compared to the current situation, and will decrease in the periods of 2075 and 2100.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penggajian Karyawan PT. Target Kelola Securindo Jakarta
Authors: Harnawan Satriya Permana , Taswi Muhamad
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan teknologi modern yang di butuhkan oleh setiap perusahaan yang akan berkembang ke lingkup global. Penelitian meliputi pembuatan sebuah program untuk memudahkan berjalananya sistem penggajian di PT Target Kelola securindo.Metode yang digunkan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pengembangan dengan teknik pembuatan program yang memudahkan pekerjaan administrator penggajian melakukan pekerjaan.Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan perusahaan. Program dapat digunakan oleh perusahaan untuk melakukan kegiatan penggajian karyawan di lingkungan perusahaan. Administrator tidak menemui kesulitan dalam menjalankan program yang telah di buat.
Artroscopia diagnóstica en cirugía maxilofacial
Authors: Valdés-Reyes José Manuel , Guzmán-Castillo Galo Fernando , Pardo-Chiriví Paula Melissa , Russi-Santamaría María Teresa , Andrade-Castro Arnulfo
Published: December 2021

Introducción: Los desarreglos internos de la Articulación Temporomandibular son los más comunes. La artroscopia es de gran utilidad en Cirugía Maxilofacial como alternativa para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los desarreglos internos de la Articulación Temporomandibular. Objetivo: El objetivo de la presente revisión es describir la artroscopia diagnóstica de la Articulación Temporomandibular. Me?todos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura y búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed, Proquest, Scielo, Mendeley y Elsevier, en idioma ingle?s y espan?ol empleando los descriptores (Artroscopia diagnóstica, Articulacion Temporomandibular) en español e ingles.  Se seleccionaron arti?culos publicados en un periodo de 40 an?os (1980-2020), incluyendo en el estudio un total de 26 arti?culos y 6 libros de 702 documentos revisados. Discusión: En la artroscopia de la Articulación Temporomandibular se puede observar la posición, calidad, textura del cartílago articular, la vascularización y la redundancia de la membrana sinovial, y se pude realizar procedimientos como técnicas de artroscopia avanzada. Conclusiones: La artroscopia diagnóstica facilita el diagnóstico y manejo de las patologías intraarticulares. Siendo necesario e imprescindible el conocimiento de esta técnica.
İran-ABD İlişkileri ABD’nin Ortak Kapsamlı Eylem Planı’ndan Ayrılması ( 2015 - 2020)
Authors: OZDEMİR Secil
Published: December 2021

İran İslam Cumhuriyeti’nde (İran) 2017 seçimleri ardından Hasan Ruhani ikinci kez Cumhurbaşkanı seçilmiştir. Ruhani’nin seçim süreci ve sonrasında İran-Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ilişkilerinde uzlaşmacı söylemlerin sürdürülmesinin zorlaştığı bir döneme girilmiştir. İran-ABD ilişkilerinde yükselen gerilim bölgesel politikalara yansımış ve başta Suriye, Irak, Lübnan, Yemen olmak üzere bölgesel aktörler arasında rekabeti artırmıştır.ABD’de Barack Obama yönetimi İran-ABD ilişkilerinde diplomasi seçeneğini ön plana çıkarmasına rağmen Donald Trump yönetimi haydut devlet söylemine dönmüş, bu durum taraflar arasındaki gerilimin tırmanmasına etki etmiştir.Seçim vaatlerinden biri Ortak Kapsamlı Eylem Planı’ndan (Nükleer Anlaşma) - The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) ABD’yi kurtarmak olan Trump göreve geldiğinde bu sözünü tutmuştur. ABD Başkanı, İran’ı maksimum baskı politikasıyla beklentilerine uygun bir müzakereye ikna etmeye çalışmıştır. Buna karşın İran yönetiminin maksimum direniş politikası taraflar arasında uzlaşmayı zorlaştırmıştır. İran-ABD ilişkileri Kasım Süleymani suikastini takip eden süreçte Irak coğrafyasında seyreden bir çatışma ile savaşın eşiğine gelmiştir.Bu çalışmada ABD’nin Nükleer Anlaşmadan ayrılması sonrasında İran-ABD ilişkilerinde diplomasiden uzaklaşılmasını değerlendirmek ve bölgesel güvenliğin sürdürülebilmesi için diplomasi seçeneğinin etkisini vurgulamak amaçlanmaktadır.
Participation of Women Farmers Group Members on Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) Program In Kendari City Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Arianti Fitri , Taridala Sitti Aida Adha , Sadimantara Fahria Nadiryati
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the participation rate of Women Farmers Group members in implementing the Pekarangan Pangan Lestari program in Kendari City and analyze the relationship between the participation rate with internal and external factors of Women Farmers Group members in the Pekarangan Pangan Lestari program. The research was conducted in June-July 2021. The population in this study was 53 members of the Women Farmers Group. Using the census method, 53 group members were obtained as research samples. The variables of this research are the participation rate, internal factors, and external factors. Data analysis used descriptive statistical analysis through the Likert scale measuring tools and Spearman Rank correlation. The results showed that the participation rate of Women Farmers Group members in implementing the Pekarangan Pangan Lestari program was the Seruni Women Farmers Group was in the medium category, and the Mekopoaso Women Farmers Group was in the high sort. The relation between the participation rate with internal and external factors of the Women Farmers Group members in the Pekarangan Pangan Lestari is the participation rate obtained which is significantly related to internal factors, namely the level of education and type of work, and external factors, namely the availability of agricultural tools and facilities.
Implementasi Keterampilan Refleksi Perasaan Konseli Oleh Guru Bimbingan Konseling Dalam Konseling Individual
Authors: Anggraini Eka Guslia , Sunaryo A.I
Published: December 2021

Keterampilan refleksi adalah teknik memfokuskan perasaan klien pada pada sesi konseling. Sehingga perasaan yang ragu-ragu atau kabur dapat menjadi lebih jelas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi keterampilan refleksi guru BK di SMKN-1 Palangkaraya dalam pelaksanaan konseling individual  terhadap siswa. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yaitu penjelasan pada penelitian ini lebih jabarkan oleh sumber data dalam penelitian ini harus sampai jenuh atau dapat dikatakan pernyataan yang ada didalam penelitian tidak berubah-ubah. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 12 orang yang terdiri dari 4 guru BK dan 8 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa guru BK SMKN-1 Palangkaraya menampilkan keterampilan perasaan pada saat konseling yang diawali dengan mendengarkan secara cermat, menafsirkan perasaan yang tersirat, dan merumuskan dalam kalimat jelas yang berisi tentang perasaan. Disimpulkan bahwa guru BK melakukan keterampilan refleksi perasaan dengan baik, sehingga itu yang membuat siswa sering datang keruang BK. Didukung dengan pernyataan siswa pada saat wawancara setelah mengikuti konseling bahwa mereka merasa lega dan secara jelas memahami perasaan mereka sendiri.
Numerāļi Ērģemes izloksnē un tās apkaimē
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Latviešu valodas institūts, Daina Anete
Published: December 2021

This article pays attention to the numerals, their forms, and usage in Ērģeme subdialect and its surroundings. As already acknowledged by Marta Rudzīte, cardinal numerals’ forms in the Middle dialect mostly differ phonetically (Rudzīte 1964, 121). It is possible to observe this difference also in Ērģeme subdialect and its surroundings, for example, viens ‘one’ in Standard Latvian language vs. vienc in subdialect. There is also an interesting form of trīs ‘three’, that is – m. trīsi, f. trīsas, which is assumed to be influenced by numerals divi ‘two’ and četri ‘four’ that are next to three.
Paradīzes ābols un tā līdzinieki Eiropas valodās: ģeolingvistisks pārskats
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Latviešu valodas institūts, Timuška Agris
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the semantic motivation of names denoting tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). It is based on the material recorded in subdialects of European languages as answers to the questionnaire of the Atlas Linguarum Europae and presented in a geolinguistic map. In general, 6motivational groups of names have been established: 1) names based on Nahuatl tomatl, cf. Fr. tomate, Gm. Tomate, Port., It. tomata, Engl., Welsh, Irish, Scots, Manx tomato, Latv. t(u)omāts / t(u)omats / tumāts, Lith. tumãtas, etc.; 2) names based on Nahuatl tomatl with voiced anlaut, cf. Gr., Turk. domata, Alb. domate, Mac. domat, Serb. domatija; 3a) ‘apple of paradise’, cf. Gm. Paradeisapfel, Cr. paradajske, Hung. paradiscom, Cz. paradajka / rajče; 3b) ‘love-apple’, cf. Engl. love-apple / apple of love, Gm. Liebesapfel, Fr. pomme d'amour, It. pomodamore; 3c) ‘small apple’, cf. Cors. pumata, Sard. bomata; 3d) ‘golden apple’, cf. It. pomodoro, Russ., Bruss., Ukr., Pol., Cr. pomidor, Lith. pomidoras / pamidoras / pamidoris, Latv. pamidòrs, etc.; 3e) ‘Frankish apple’, cf. Gr. frango¬milo, Bulg. frenki; 3f) ‘swine-apple’, cf. Kalm. haxan aľmn; 4a) ‘egg-plant’, cf. Bulg. patladžan, Russ., Ukr. baklažan; 4b) ‘Frankish egg-plant’, cf. Gr. frangomɛlindzána; 4c) ‘red(dish) egg-plant’, cf. Bosn. crveni patlidžan; 5a) ‘red tomato’, cf. Bulg. črveno domate; 5b) ‘red cucumber’, cf. Kum. k՚՚yzylbadirdzag; 6) ‘sth. red / pink’, cf. Rum. roşie / roşă. Having examined the attested forms regarding their origin and semantics, the author concludes that the names denoting a tomato plant or its fruit are rich in variants in the Baltic languages. But in some European languages, the tomato has been named after another fruit or vegetable (preferably apple, eggplant, and cucumber). Some phraseological units using the name of tomato are met in colloquial German. Only a few toponyms with the names of tomato have been attested in Latvian toponymy; there are no anthroponyms derived from them.
Darbības vārdi būt un būti otrās baltu valodas apguvē
Authors:   Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Kaija Inga ,   Latvijas Universitāte, Matemātikas un informātikas institūts, Puškorjute-Riduliene Daiva ,   Vītauta Dižā universitāte
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses the various meanings of the words būt and būti ‘to be’ in Latvian and Lithuanian and their acquisition. The aim of the research is to discover in what meanings these words are used by the learners of the second Baltic language, i.e., the learners whose mother tongue is a Baltic language and who are learning the other Baltic language – Latvian for Lithuanians and Lithuanian for Latvians. Both languages are closely related, and the meanings are similar. However, their grouping in each linguistics tradition is different. Therefore, this paper attempts to group meanings from both languages into a single system that could be used to compare usage tendencies. Such a system was made based on the Latvian grouping tradition but is not concise. The meanings in which būt/būti is used may depend on the topics of the texts. There seems to be an overuse of the location meaning in texts written by learners of Latvian; learners of Lithuanian seem to be using the verb in a larger variety of meanings. Perfect times are also more present in texts written by learners of Lithuanian. It seems to hint at a systemic difference between Baltic languages: Latvian tends to use perfect times in situations when Lithuanian does not.
Tautomers of the Orotate Anion Have Anti-Inflammatory Effects in the Correction of Drug-Induced Hepatitis in Rats
Authors:   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Pazinenko Kseniya A. , Chuchkova Natalʼya N. , Smetanina Marina V.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper was to conduct a comparative experimental study of the anti-inflammatory effects of tautomeric forms of orotic acid in the correction of drug-induced hepatitis in rats. Materials and Methods. A total of 40 rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (n = 10); intervention group with drug-induced hepatitis (n = 15); animals with drug-induced hepatitis who were injected with orotic acid (ОА) tautomers: initial oxo-form (n = 5), hydroxy-form (n = 5) and dihydroxyform (n = 5) at a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight a day in the course of 14 days. The tautomers were obtained by mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill AGO-2C for 1 (hydroxy-form) and 6 (dihydroxyform) hours. In the blood of animals of all experimental groups, the content of leukocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes was determined. Liver sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to assess the histo- and cytostructure of the tissues, and immunohistochemically using a set of monoclonal antibodies to detect the expression of the CD68+ macrophage marker. Results. It was found that when correcting drug-induced hepatitis with the hydroxy-form of OA, the severity of leuko- and monocytosis decreased and the number of lymphocytes was restored. The number of CD68+ macrophages with a pro-inflammatory phenotype decreased in the group receiving the hydroxy-form of OA (by a factor of 1.32; p = 0.019), but remained unchanged at the administration of oxo- and dihydroxy-forms of OA. The intensity of reaction product expression decreased by a factor of 1.5 in the group administered with the initial drug and by a factor of 1.9 in animals administered with mechanically activated drugs (p = 0.0001). Thus, the obtained data indicate a pronounced anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroxyform of OA, which can substantiate its use as a hepatoprotective agent. For citation: Pazinenko K.A., Chuchkova N.N., Smetanina M.V. Tautomers of the Orotate Anion Have Anti-Inflammatory Effects in the Correction of Drug-Induced Hepatitis in Rats. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 366–373. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z074
Transgressive nature and chilled margins of the Upper Zone in the western Bushveld Complex, South Africa
Authors: Chistyakova Sofya Yu. , Latypov Rais M. , Kruger F. Johan , Zaccarini Federica
Published: December 2021

The Upper Zone of the Bushveld Complex has long been known to have formed from a major influx of magma into the chamber that caused large-scale erosion of the chamber floor cumulates. The most dramatic manifestations of this process are two major gap areas (Northern and Southern) in the western Bushveld Complex in which the Upper Zone appears to have eroded away the underlying cumulates down to the very base of the Complex. However, due to almost complete lack of outcrops in the gap areas, no direct field observations have ever been reported to confirm the transgressive nature of the Upper Zone. Here, we present for the first time such observations from the Kameelhoek chromite mine located at the margin of the Northern Gap. In the open pit we have documented several transgressive depressions (up to 40 m in width) in the orthopyroxenite and chromitites of the Lower Critical Zone that are filled in with magnetite gabbro of the Upper Zone. The magnetite gabbro is chilled against the sidewalls of the depressions, forming glassy and fine-grained textured rocks with plagioclase laths arranged in radial clusters. Mineralogically and chemically, the magnetite gabbro correlates with cumulates from the lowermost part of the Upper Zone at its normal position in the complex. Three major points that have emerged from this study are: (1) the Critical Zone has been eroded away by magma that was parental to the Upper Zone, (2) this eroding magma was not the one that initiated formation of the Pyroxenite Marker, but rather the evolved melt that replenished the chamber at some later stage, and (3) the melt was phenocryst-free and likely derived from a deep-seated staging chamber. Our study thus supports a recent notion that even during the formation of the Upper Zone, the Bushveld chamber had still been operating as an open system that was replenished by melts from deeper magma sources.
Big Data as a essential facilities in the antitrust regulation of digital markets
Authors:   Synergy University, Kovalenko Alexander I.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the issue of applying the Essential Facilities Doctrine to big data for the purpose of antitrust regulation of digital markets. The concept of big data is revealed, which currently does not have a normative legal fixation in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The article identifies the difference between big data and regular data, between the organizational, managerial, economic and legal content of these phenomena of the digital age. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, law enforcement and judicial practice of antimonopoly agencies of foreign countries and Russia, the author systematizes the directions of using big data in competition in digital markets. The article also reveals the content of the doctrine of essential facilities in competition law. The author describes the key ideas of the scientific discussion on the application of the doctrine of essential facilities to big data. The article contains author’s suggestions and recommendations for the correct division of the complex of big data technology into competitive (AI) and infrastructure (data sets) components. If necessary, the doctrine of essential facilities can be extended to computing power, server data storage, data sets (in an unstructured form) of digital giants. The author believes that applying the doctrine of essential facilities to big data can eliminate the abuse of dominance by tech giants. But the application of the doctrine of essential facilities is not able to systematically change the state of affairs in digital markets. In order to remove the incentives of Internet giants to abuse dominance with the help of big data, it is necessary to separate from the Internet giants business units, that would exclusively provide non-discriminatory access to Big Data management services. And the competencies associated with the development and application of big data analytics (AI) technologies should be assigned to business units, that would compete in derivative digital markets independently.
Formation of investment attractiveness of a gaming virtual team based on goodwill management in cybersport
Authors:   Synergy University, Andreeva Marina Yu. , Sentyabov Yury N. ,   Synergy University
Published: December 2021

The development of the Internet, the transition to the fourth technological order contributes to the quantitative and qualitative change in virtual organizations. A special place in the virtual environment is occupied by the gaming segment, the volume of which in 2018 reached over 116 trillion dollars, nearly doubling in the past five years. COVID-19 has undoubtedly played into the hands of the online gaming industry, increasing sales across all segments. This study analyzes the massively multiplayer online role-playing game that created the phenomenon of the virtual world. It is the virtual game worlds that have formed the niche of the virtual gaming commercial teams (VGCT`s), which specialize in the provision of services for the development of content produced by development organizations for user players. However, in order to successfully operate in the face of tough virtual gaming competition, a commercial team needs both an understanding of the business process and attracting sources of funding. The article discusses the strategy of forming the investment attractiveness of VGCT, as one of the key aspects of competitiveness. The paper presents the author`s definition of the investment attractiveness of VGCT, carried out SWOT analysis of the working VGCT “Zeta”, assessed the investment attractiveness on the basis of unidentified assets. The purpose of the study is to develop approaches to determining the investment attractiveness of VGCT in the specific conditions of the economy of the virtual world of multiplayer games. Brief statement of the problem is to substantiate the need of managing goodwill of a virtual organization as the main tool for increasing its competitiveness. The article used general scientific methods and methods of SWOT-analysis. The definition of the economy of the virtual gaming world of multiplayer role-playing online games is given. The essence of the concept of “investment attractiveness” is revealed in relation to a specific object of research – a virtual gaming commercial team, its assessment is carried out in the context of external and internal factors. It was determined that goodwill constitutes the basis of VGCT’s investment attractiveness, and the task of increasing the competitiveness of VGCT is inextricably linked with the management of goodwill as a set of unidentifiable assets.
New schemes of investment alliances
Authors:   Synergy University, Osipenko Oleg V.
Published: December 2021

The article highlights the new configurations of investment alliances regulated by the terms of corporate agreements that are in demand in large and moderately large businesses. The author draws the reader’s attention to the reference targets implemented in the operation of the corresponding models of such agreements of investors in the shares of joint-stock companies and shares in the authorized capital of limited liability companies, as well as on the management and legal tools for achieving these goals. Among others, the authors analyze structures that effectively support the joint business practice of majority and minority shareholders, significant minority shareholders who consolidate corporate control with their help, activate the possibilities of corporate agreements concluded under Russian law for the implementation of mergers and acquisitions projects, as well as anti-raider protection target company. The author refers to the new trends in structuring and formatting agreements of participants in domestic business entities: the desire of participants in corporate alliances to consolidate in shareholder agreements specific technologies for implementing cooperation between signatories, corresponding to their actual organizational, financial and (or) management mission in the structure of an investment alliance at a certain stage of the company's development; application of the structure of a corporate agreement as a compromise scheme for getting out of a conflict situation; active participation of interested third parties in determining a special procedure for exercising the rights of participants; integration of the institution of corporate agreement into the sphere of distribution relations; combining the institution of a corporate agreement with other types of transactions, as well as with the construction of freedom of contractual relations.
REPRESENTATION OF CONREPRESENTASI BUDAYA KONSUMEN DI KOMUNITAS MINIMALIS LYFE WITH LESSSUMER CULTURE IN LYFE WITH LESS MINIMALIST COMMUNITY
Authors: Putri Dini Eka
Published: December 2021

The culture of consumerism is almost a pathology for people all over the world. Consumerism culture according to Jean Baudrillard is the fulfillment of the human need for signs. Therefore, it is also necessary to identify a consumerist culture in a minimalist community that has thoughts or principles that are contrary to consumerism. The Lyfe With Less minimalist community or can be shortened to the LWL community is an Indonesian minimalist community. This community is a place for people to learn to be minimalist. Minimalism is closely related to reducing consumption in life, in order to get more happiness. Based on the many programs owned by the LWL community, there is one program that is the hallmark of this community. The programs are cross-linked. The research objective is to answer major and minor questions. The major question is how the interrelationships of consumer culture and processes in the LWL community are interrelated. While the minor question is how the involvement of consumerism culture when the process crosses over. This research method uses a virtual ethnographic qualitative method. The results show that the LWL minimalist community has anti-consumerism thoughts, including cross-linking programs to extend the functionality of goods.
PENGARUH AGENCY COST TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN BUMN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Nurmalasari Made Ratih , Merry Nirmala Yani Ni Wayan
Published: December 2021

Agency problem timbul akibat adanya perbedaan kepentingan antara agen dan prinsipal. Kepemilikan saham pada perusahaan BUMN yang terkonsentrasi pada kepemilikan pemerintah sebagai prinsipal cenderung memungkinkan terjadinya agency problem yang lebih besar. Agency problem akan menimbulkan biaya yang harus ditanggung oleh perusahaan yang disebut agency cost. Pengukuran tingkat agency cost pada penelitian ini menggunakan expense ratio dan total turnover ratio. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh agency cost terhadap nilai perusahaan BUMN yang diproksikan dengan rasio Tobin’s Q.
STUDI LITERATUR: IMPLEMENTASI GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PADA BISNIS KELUARGA
Authors: Annisa Salma , Rizal Muhammad , Herawaty Tetty
Published: December 2021

STUDI LITERATUR: IMPLEMENTASI GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PADA BISNIS KELUARGA. Dunia bisnis dilanda VUCA. Agar perusahaan dapat bertahan dan berkembang dalam lingkungan bisnis yang kompetitif, maka perusahaan perlu melakukan upaya untuk mengamankan dan mengelola perusahaan. Salah satu perusahaan yang sangat memerlukan sistem tata kelola perusahaan adalah perusahaan keluarga. Karena terdapat kepentingan bisnis dan keluarga di sebuah perusahaan, hal tersebut dapat menimbulkan konflik dalam pengambilan keputusan yang akan berdampak pada keberlanjutan perusahaan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur yang bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran implementasi sistem tata kelola perusahaan pada bisnis keluarga. Hasil studi menemukan bahwa bisnis keluarga sangat membutuhkan implementasi sistem tata kelola perusahaan karena terdapat kesulitan dalam mempertahankan bisnis keluarga tersebut sampai generasi ketiga. Implementasi tersebut dapat dimaksimalkan berdasarkan prinsip transparency, accountability, responsibility, independency, fairness yang akan sangat membantu perusahaan dalam suksesi keberlanjutan perkembangan bisnis bagi generasi-generasi selanjutnya.
PERAN EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS KARYAWAN SELAMA WORK FROM HOME
Authors: Rahayu Tina , Muna Nailil
Published: December 2021

Peran Empowering Leadership Dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas Karyawan Selama Work From Home. Kebijakan Work Fom Home (WFH) di masa pandemi belakangan ini menimbulkan banyak dilema bagi organisasi terkait keberhasilan kinerjanya atau tidak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara Work from home (WFH) dan Computer-mediated communication (CMC) dengan produktivitas yang didukung dengan pemberdayaan kepemimpinan sebagai mediasi. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 89 responden yang termasuk dalam kelompok pekerja milenial. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan alat analisis SmartPLS 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan yang memberdayakan mampu memediasi hubungan antara WFH dan CMC dengan meningkatkan produktivitas pekerja milenial. Fleksibilitas yang ditawarkan oleh WFH dan kenyamanan CMC serta dukungan intens dari para pemimpin dapat meningkatkan produktivitas.