bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Δημιουργία αλγορίθμου για την αξιολόγηση των προεγχειρητικών παραγόντων κινδύνου (risk factors), ως προς την ρήξη του οπίσθιου περιφακίου κατά την διενέργεια φακοθρυψίας
Authors: Ούστογλου Ειρήνη
Published: October 2022

Σκοπός: Η δημιουργία ενός πρακτικού και αποτελεσματικού εργαλείου για την προεγχειρητική αξιολόγηση της επέμβασης καταρράκτη με βάση στατιστικά δεδομένα. Ασθενείς-Μέθοδος: Διεξήχθη μία μελέτη δύο φάσεων σε τριτοβάθμιο Πανεπιστημιακό Οφθαλμολογικό Τμήμα, συμπεριλαμβανομένης μιας αναδρομικής κοόρτης για τα έτη 2014-2015 και μιας προοπτικής κοόρτης για το 2017-2018. Στην πρώτη φάση της μελέτης, συγκεντρώθηκαν και αναλύθηκαν όλα τα προεγχειρητικά αρχεία ασθενών με καταρράκτη (εξαιρουμένων περιστατικών καταρράκτη λόγω τραύματος, ραγοειδίτιδας και παιδιατρικού καταρράκτη) για την περίοδο 2014-2015. Δημιουργήθηκε ένας αλγόριθμος με βάση την προεγχειρητική αξιολόγησή τους και στη συνέχεια δοκιμάστηκε σε μια προοπτική κοορτή για την περίοδο 2017-2018, ακολουθώντας τα ίδια κριτήρια ένταξης. Αποτελέσματα: Από τους 1792 ασθενείς της αναδρομικής κοόρτης, η επιλογή του προγνωστικού παράγοντα έγινε με βάση μια ανάλυση μονοπαραγοντικής και πολυπαραγοντικής λογιστικής παλινδρόμησης. Το μοντέλο με το χαμηλότερο κριτήριο πληροφοριών Akaike διαμορφώθηκε περιλαμβάνοντας 3 παράγοντες ανεξάρτητα από την τιμή p τους (ηλικία, φύλο, μάτι) και τους στατιστικά σημαντικούς παράγοντες, ώριμο καταρράκτη, ψευδοαποφολίδωση, φακοδόνηση, διαβήτη, γλαύκωμα, μονοφθαλμία και ειδικευόμενο χειρουργό σε διαφορετικά ποσοστά επιρροής. Ο αλγόριθμος δοκιμάστηκε στην προοπτική κοόρτη (2017-2018) σε 2057 ασθενείς με καταρράκτη. Το συνολικό ποσοστό σφάλματος λανθασμένης ταξινόμησης ήταν 5,9% και η περιοχή κάτω από την καμπύλη ROC ήταν 0,62 (CI 0,57-0,67). Συμπεράσματα: Το μοντέλο που δημιουργήθηκε μπορεί να αξιολογήσει προεγχειρητικά τους ασθενείς και τον περιεγχειρητικό κίνδυνο επιπλοκών που αυτοί ενδέχεται να παρουσιάσουν, ενώ δίνει τη δυνατότητα ασφαλέστερου σχεδιασμού της χειρουργική επέμβασης. Κάθε πληθυσμός υπό μελέτη έχει μοναδικά χαρακτηριστικά και μπορούν να γίνουν ασφαλέστερες υποθέσεις όταν εντοπιστούν και ληφθούν υπόψη οι ιδιαιτερότητες. Η εξωτερική επικύρωση θα παρείχε περισσότερες πληροφορίες σχετικά με την εφαρμογή της σε άλλα διδακτικά τμήματα οφθαλμολογίας.
Postgraduate education in healthy and active ageing: learning needs, curriculum and expected outcomes: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Wiggin Daisy , Penič Benjamin , Sulopuisto Outi , Setti Annalisa , Mali Jana , Stitzel Andrea , Kuisma Raija , Baptista Fátima , Kukkonen Tuula , Konstantakopolou Olympia , Timonen Liisa , Carnide Filomena , Velanoki Venetia-Sofia , Ströckl Daniela Elisabeth , Zymbal Vera , Cardadeiro Graça , Nevala Elina , Kaitelidou Daphne , Sourtzi Panayota , Hlebec Valentina , Filipovič Hrast Maša , Timmons Suzanne
Published: October 2022

Background: As the European population ages, it becomes increasingly important to promote and facilitate healthy and active ageing and age-friendly societies. Professionals across a range of disciplines and sectors need knowledge and skills to support both.

Objective: This scoping review aims to identify and map the literature on learning needs, learning outcomes and respective curricula in healthy and active ageing and age-friendly society concepts.

Inclusion criteria: Studies focused on the teaching/learning process in healthy and active ageing and/or age-friendly society, of any design type, are eligible. Included studies may focus on undergraduate, postgraduate or continuing education and on any aspect of the educational process, such as needs analysis, content delivery, learner satisfaction/acceptability, or education outcome.

Methods: This review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for conducting scoping reviews. Four electronic databases, PubMed, EBSCO (Academic Search Complete), Scopus and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), will be searched, limited to studies published from 1st January 2000. Text language will be limited to English, German, Greek, Portuguese, Finnish, and Slovenian. Google Scholar and Research Gate will be searched for grey literature, limited to the first 50 results of each. Title and abstract screening, followed by full-text screening will be undertaken independently by at least two reviewers. The JBI extraction tool will be adapted for data extraction. Quality assessment will be conducted using a tool developed by Hawker and colleagues. A narrative synthesis will outline the data in relation to the aims and objectives outlined.
Development and implementation of a customised rapid syndromic diagnostic test for severe pneumonia
Authors: Navapurkar Vilas , Bartholdson Scott Josefin , Maes Mailis , Hellyer Thomas P , Higginson Ellen , Forrest Sally , Pereira-Dias Joana , Parmar Surendra , Heasman-Hunt Emma , Polgarova Petra , Brown Joanne , Titti Lissamma , Smith William PW , Scott Jonathan , Rostron Anthony , Routledge Matthew , Sapsford David , Török M. Estée , McMullan Ronan , Enoch David A , Wong Vanessa ,   VAP-Rapid investigators, Curran Martin D , Brown Nicholas M , Simpson A John , Herre Jurgen , Dougan Gordon , Conway Morris Andrew
Published: October 2022

Background: The diagnosis of pneumonia has been hampered by a reliance on bacterial cultures which take several days to return a result, and are frequently negative. In critically ill patients this leads to the use of empiric, broad-spectrum antimicrobials and compromises good antimicrobial stewardship. The objective of this study was to establish the performance of a syndromic molecular diagnostic approach, using a custom TaqMan array card (TAC) covering 52 respiratory pathogens, and assess its impact on antimicrobial prescribing.

Methods: The TAC was validated against a retrospective multi-centre cohort of broncho-alveolar lavage samples. The TAC was assessed prospectively in patients undergoing investigation for suspected pneumonia, with a comparator cohort formed of patients investigated when the TAC laboratory team were unavailable.

Co-primary outcomes were sensitivity compared to conventional microbiology and, for the prospective study, time to result. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to validate findings in prospective samples. Antibiotic free days (AFD) were compared between the study cohort and comparator group.

Results: 128 stored samples were tested, with sensitivity of 97% (95% confidence interval (CI) 88-100%). Prospectively, 95 patients were tested by TAC, with 71 forming the comparator group. TAC returned results 51 hours (interquartile range 41-69 hours) faster than culture and with sensitivity of 92% (95% CI 83-98%) compared to conventional microbiology. 94% of organisms identified by sequencing were detected by TAC. There was a significant difference in the distribution of AFDs with more AFDs in the TAC group (p=0.02). TAC group were more likely to experience antimicrobial de-escalation (odds ratio 2.9 (95%1.5-5.5)).

Conclusions: Implementation of a syndromic molecular diagnostic approach to pneumonia led to faster results, with high sensitivity and impact on antibiotic prescribing.
The genome sequence of the meadow field syrph, Eupeodes latifasciatus (Macquart, 1829)
Authors: Falk Steven ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Chua Physilia ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2022

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Eupeodes latifasciatus (meadow field syrph; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Syrphidae). The genome sequence is 846 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (96.8%) is scaffolded into 4 chromosomal pseudomolecules with the X sex chromosome assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 18.5 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl has identified 12,848 protein coding genes.
The genome sequence of the wood white butterfly, Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Lohse Konrad , Höök Lars , Näsvall Karin , Backström Niclas ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2022

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Leptidea sinapis (the wood white; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Pieridae). The genome sequence is 686 megabases in span. The majority (99.99%) of the assembly is scaffolded into 48 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with three Z sex chromosomes assembled. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl has identified 14,800 protein coding genes.
The CINAMR (Clinical Information Network-Antimicrobial Resistance) Project: A pilot microbial surveillance using hospitals linked to regional laboratories in Kenya: Study Protocol
Authors: Akech Samuel , Nyamwaya Brian , Gachoki Jackline , Ogero Morris , Kigo Joyce , Maina Michuki , Mutua Edna , Ooko Ednah , Bejon Philip , Mwarumba Salim , Bahati Felix , Mvera Benedict , Musyimi Robert , Onsare Robert , Hutter Jack , Tanui Emmanuel , Wesangula Evelyn , Turner Paul , Dunachie Susanna , Lucey Olivia , McKnight Jacob ,   CINAMR Investigators
Published: October 2022

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat and is thought to be acute in low-and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, including in Kenya, but there is limited unbiased surveillance that can provide reliable estimates of its burden. Current efforts to build capacity for microbiology testing in Kenya are unlikely to result in systematic routine microbiological testing in the near term. Therefore, there is little prospect for microbiological support to inform clinical diagnoses nor for indicating the burden of AMR and for guiding empirical choice of antibiotics.

Objective: We aim to build on an existing collaboration, the Clinical Information Network (CIN), to pilot microbiological surveillance using a ‘hub-and-spoke’ model where selected hospitals are linked to high quality microbiology research laboratories.

Methods: Children admitted to paediatric wards of 12 participating hospitals will have a sample taken for blood culture at admission before antibiotics are started. Indication for blood culture will be a clinician’s prescription of antibiotics. Samples will then be transported daily to the research laboratories for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing and results relayed back to clinicians for patient management. The surveillance will take place for 6 months in each hospital. Separately, we shall conduct semi-structured interviews with frontline health workers to explore the feasibility and utility of this approach. We will also seek to understand how the availability of microbiology results might inform antibiotic stewardship, and as an interim step to the development of better national or regional laboratories linked to routine surveillance.

Conclusions: If feasible, this approach is less costly and periodic ‘hub-and-spoke’ surveillance can be used to track AMR trends and to broadly guide empirical antibiotic guidance meaning it is likely to be more sustainable than establishing functional microbiological facilities in each hospital in a LMIC setting.
Old Karelian personal names
Authors: Kuzmin Denis
Published: October 2022

The article analyzes old personal names of the Karelian population. As the author demonstrates, the revealed corpus of historical Karelian names is yet very incomplete and severely understudied. This is to be due to a number of causes, including the relative scarcity of names recorded in historical documents, the limited number of sources, and the lack of research devoted to medieval Karelian names. Thus, this article is the author’s look into the evolution of the old given names of Karelians and a step towards their further description and study.

Kokkuvõte. Denis Kuzmin: Vanad karjalaste isikunimed. Artiklis analüüsitakse Karjala elanikkonna vanu isikunimesid. Nagu autor näitab, on teadaolevate ajalooliste karjalaste nimede korpus veel väga puudulik ja väheuuritud. Põhjusi selleks on mitu, sealhulgas ajalooürikutes kirja pandud nimede suhteline nappus, allikate piiratus, keskaegsete karjala nimede vähene uuritus. Käesolev artikkel annab ülevaate karjalaste vanade eesnimede kujunemisest ning on samm nende edasise kirjeldamise ja uurimise suunas.
Use of Interdisciplinary Approach in Performance-based Assessment in the New Normal
Authors: Naquita Marjorie P. , Balagtas Marilyn U.
Published: October 2022

This descriptive research study aimed to assess the management of the existing policies, guidelines, and procedures on the implementation of the interdisciplinary approach in performance-based assessment (IAPA) before and during Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a basis for proposing improvements for its implementation in the “new normal”. 30 senior high school science teachers and school leaders from 5 private and 5 public schools in Metro Manila, Philippines, participated in this study. The participants assessed the management of existing policies, guidelines, and procedures on the IAPA’s implementation using a survey questionnaire and identified its strengths and weaknesses using an interview guide. The researchers developed the instruments used for data collection but subjected to experts’ validation and reliability test. Results reveal that the management of IAPA was effective and that it benefits students and teachers in many ways. However, it has also weaknesses, which are associated with the role of school leaders in the implementation of the policies, guidelines, and/or procedures, especially during the new normal education setting. The study provides suggestions for improving IAPA implementation in the new normal covering both the face-to-face and online learning modalities
Empowering Pre-service English Teachers' Metacognitive Awareness in Teaching Through Reflections
Authors: Mbato Concilianus Laos , Triprihatmini Veronica
Published: October 2022

Successful teaching requires teachers' reflections and metacognitive awareness. However, few studies have investigated the impacts of reflections on teachers' metacognitive awareness in teaching. This study aimed to examine whether or not reflections can empower Indonesian pre-service English teachers' metacognitive awareness in teaching. Mixed-methods research was conducted to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 36 pre-service English teachers (PSETs) in two micro-teaching classes at the Undergraduate Program, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Quantitative data from the pre-semester and post-semester were analyzed descriptively and statistically. Qualitative data from reflections and focus group discussions (FGD) focused on determining key issues related to PSETs' metacognitive awareness in teaching. Data analyses revealed that Indonesian PSETs' perceived metacognitive awareness in teaching increased post-semester. They also admitted the positive contributions of reflections in enhancing their metacognitive awareness in teaching. The increase was primarily attributable to the implementation of explicit reflections of the elements of metacognitive awareness in teaching. This research provides recommendations for teachers, lecturers, and future researchers.
A cross-sectional study on the effect of bedtime smartphone usage on sleep quality, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness in medical students
Authors:   Department of Physiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India., Mohapatra Dipti , Ali Syed Bilal ,   IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India., Patnaik Lipilekha ,   Department of Community Medicine, IMS & SUM Hospital, SOA University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India., Mishra Tapaswini ,   Department of Physiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India.
Published: October 2022

Background: Sleep is a physiological phenomenon. It is a condition of unawareness that the body regulates homeostatic. Sleep is essential because it plays a leading role in mental and physical function, removing toxins, preventing diseases, etc. Reduced sleep among young adults is becoming a significant health problem worldwide. Several factors have been shown to lead to poor sleep quality, but the reason smartphone use creates sleep disorders in young adults has attracted great curiosity for a few years. The study aimed to assess sleep quality, duration, and daytime sleep dysfunction among medical students who use their smartphones at bedtime. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 109 medical students. The data was collected using a pre-validated questionnaire about bedtime mobile phone usage and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The means were calculated, and the association was determined using statistical analysis. Results: In the study, 60% of participants indicated poor sleep quality was due to prolonged bedtime smartphone usage. The average global PSQI score was 5.4±2.5. Conclusion: This study concluded that participants had poor sleep quality measured by PSQI. In addition, prolonged smartphone usage during bedtime was strongly co-related to poor sleep latency.
In vitro resistance pattern of Citrobacter infections: A retrospective study
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Otta Sarita , Bhoi Priyadarshini ,   Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Rout Bidyut Prava ,   Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Sahu Kundan Kumar ,   Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be) University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Swain Bichitrananda ,   Department of Microbiology, KD Medical college hospital and Research Centre, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: October 2022

Background: Citrobacter infections are associated with a high mortality rate of about 33-48% if infected patients develop bacteremia. This is partly due to high prevalence of intrinsic resistance, extended spectrum beta lactamases and inducible chromosomal Amp C beta lactamases in Citrobacter spp. thus limiting the therapeutic options. We undertook this study to throw light on the current scenario of infection with this organism. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted over a period of 1 year in Microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern part of India. From various samples, 146 clinically significant Citrobacter spp. identified by standard biochemical tests and susceptibility testing performed by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method were included in this study. Results: Majority of patients age ranged of 41-50 year. The highest number (70/146, 47.9%) of Citrobacter spp. was isolated from pus and wound swabs followed by urine (46/146, 31.5%) and out of these, 51.4% strains were of Citrobacter koseri whereas 48.6% were of Citrobacter fruendii. Of Citrobacter isolates 36.6% were ESBL producers. They showed 54.1%, 37.9%, 47.1%, 39.8% and 58.5% resistance to imipenem, netilmycin, piperacillin tazobactam, minocycline and levofloxacin respectively. We also found 9.6% and 28.4% strains of Citrobacter spp. being resistant to colistin and tigecycline respectively. Conclusion: Citrobacter spp. showed high degree of resistance to carbapenem and there were colistin resistance strains as well. This study reiterates the emerging resistance in these supposedly low virulence microbes which may pose future challenge in infection control activities.
Pre- and Post-anthesis Deficit Irrigation of Corn in the West Central Great Plains— Working with Less Water
Authors: Schlegel Alan , Lamm Freddie , Assefa Yared
Published: October 2022

Highlights

Concentrating deficit irrigation during the post-anthesis period optimized grain yield and water productivity, while minimizing the seasonal irrigation amount.

Corn grain yields were not greatly affected by deficit irrigation strategy, but irrigation amounts varied as much as 62%.

Seeding rates ranging from 62,000 to 74,000 corn plants per hectare were acceptable under deficit irrigation.

Corn hybrid effects were not consistent across years and location.

Abstract. A three-year study (2018 to 2020) was conducted in west central and northwestern Kansas on silt loam soils to determine corn grain yield and yield component response, water use, and crop water productivity as affected by irrigation capacity and timing, corn hybrid, and seeding rate. A range of four irrigation treatments concentrated greater application amounts in either the pre-anthesis or post-anthesis period. The Pre-38 treatment applied 38 mm weekly pre-anthesis as needed (limited by weather-based scheduling) and only applied 38 mm every two weeks during the post-anthesis period. The Pre-25 treatment applied 25 mm weekly as needed pre-anthesis, followed by 25 mm applications every two weeks post anthesis. Post-38 and Post-25 treatments had application amounts similar to Pre-38 and Pre-25, respectively, but had the weekly applications concentrated during the post anthesis period and less frequent (every two weeks) applications pre-anthesis. Two corn hybrids (Pioneer 1197 and Pioneer 0801) were planted at seeding rates of 62 and 74 thousand seeds ha-1. Averaged across location and year, the Pre-25 irrigation treatment had approximately 5% less yield than the other three treatments but received approximately 28% less irrigation. Overall, when averaged across all irrigation, hybrid and seeding rate treatments, the yield components of kernels ear-1 and kernel mass varied approximately 2% and 3%, respectively and were responsible for nearly all of the grain yield variation. The Pre-25 and Post-25 treatment had the greatest water productivity and generally had similar yields to the other deficit irrigation treatments and thus should be considered as effective strategies to reduce irrigation in this region. Seeding corn at 74 thousand seeds ha-1 increased yield only 2% compared with 62 thousand seeds ha-1 indicating that a considerable range of seeding rates produce similar yields when using deficit irrigation strategies in this region. Hybrid effects were not consistent across years and locations. Keywords: Crop water productivity, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation scheduling, Limited irrigation, Maize.
A Study on the Whole-skin Peeling System of a Snakehead Based on Three-dimensional Reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Ming Yan , Lin Min , Xu Peng
Published: October 2022

Highlights

A 3D reconstruction algorithm is proposed to determine the snakehead area.

The whole-skin peeling system of snakehead is designed by a convolutional neural network.

An automatic whole-skin peeling device is presented with computer vision technology.

Abstract. A whole-skin peeling system for a snakehead is designed in this article. The snakehead photos are taken from multiple angles and are first filtered to extract the image features, before reconstructing the sparse model. Then, the characteristic parameters of the snakehead are determined through the point cloud coordinates, and dense reconstruction is carried out based on sparse points. The accurate three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the snakehead are obtained by the octree algorithm and Poisson surface reconstruction algorithm. Based on the triangular meshing algorithm, the skin area of a snakehead is calculated to determine whether the snakehead meets the peeling conditions. A trained Faster Region Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) is used to identify the fin position on the snakehead reconstruction model and program the cutting route on the fish neck, while the cutting route of the fish belly is determined by selecting the area of the excretory hole through the ROI region of interest. Finally, the designed mechanical structure is used to peel the whole skin of the snakehead. The experimental results show that the maximum fluctuation rate of the snakehead area calculated by the proposed three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm is less than 4.0%, and the accuracy reaches 87.3%. The average precision (AP) for the determination method of the fish neck cutting position on the snakehead is 90.89%, which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of this method. The present results provide useful technical support for automating fish whole-skin peeling and shedding light on the accurate determination of the surface area and the extrication of the morphological feature parameters of other organisms. Keywords: Neural network, Point cloud, Snakehead, Skin peeling, Three-dimensional reconstruction.
Using NDVI for Variable Rate Cotton Irrigation Prescriptions
Authors: Stone Ken , Billman Eric D. , Bauer Philip J. , Sigua Gilbert
Published: October 2022

Highlights

Crop coefficients (Kcb) were calculated using Normalized Difference Vegetative Indices (NDVI) and compared to the FAO-56 method.

Cotton yields using NDVI-Kcb based irrigation scheduling to a uniform checkbook irrigation were compared.

Irrigated cotton yields were not significantly different between irrigation methods but were significantly higher in years requiring higher volumes of irrigation water.

Cotton fiber quality was not significantly different for the two irrigation methods or plant populations.

Abstract. Irrigation timing is crucial for achieving high cotton yields and lint quality. This irrigation timing is more challenging in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain region due to its spatial variable sandy soils with low water and nutrient holding capacities and rainfall variability during the growing season. To address these challenges, we conducted a 2-year (2017 and 2018) study evaluating two irrigation scheduling methods under a variable rate irrigation system. The two irrigation methods were: (1) a uniform irrigation management based on weekly crop water usage, and (2) spatial crop coefficients derived from normalized difference vegetative indices (NDVI). We compared cotton yields and water use efficiency using the two irrigation scheduling methods at two different planting densities. The two plant populations were 5 and 11.5 plants m2 to provide different NDVI readings and water requirements. In 2017, there were no significant differences in cotton yields due to the adequate rainfall during the growing season that required only three irrigations events. The mean irrigation depth for the NDVI method was significantly lower than the uniform method (56 and 64 mm, respectively, LSD = 4.2). In 2018, there was lower rainfall during the growing season requiring eight irrigation events and the cotton yields in the two irrigation treatments were significantly higher than the rainfed treatment. Irrigation depths in 2018 were not significantly different for the two irrigation methods. Water use efficiencies were not significantly different for the two irrigation methods. The planting density had little impact on the cotton yields, irrigation depth, water use efficiency, or cotton fiber quality. These results indicate that the NDVI-derived crop coefficient values were as effective in prescribing irrigation applications as the uniform irrigation method for irrigation management. The NDVI-derived crop coefficient irrigation method appears to be a useful tool for managing irrigation and developing irrigation prescriptions. Keywords: Cotton, Irrigation scheduling, Normalized difference vegetation indices, Variable rate irrigation
Phase noise mitigation of the microwave-to-photonic conversion process using feedback on the laser current
Authors: Teyssieux Damien , Boudot Rodolphe , Fluhr Christophe , Millo Jacques
Published: October 2022

The generation and transfer of ultra-stable microwave signals are of paramount importance in numerous applications spanning from radar systems to communications and metrology. We demonstrate residual phase noise mitigation at 10 GHz of a directly modulated laser system through active control of the laser bias current. The latter is tuned to a finely selected point, where the current-to-phase dependence, measured at several microwave power and frequency values, is maximized. A residual phase noise of

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, is measured. These performances are compliant with the transfer of the most stable microwave signals available to date, obtained with cryogenic sapphire oscillators or combs locked to cavity-stabilized lasers. This approach is of interest for the distribution of ultra-stable microwave signals in a very simple photonic configuration.
H∞ filter-based dynamic joint carrier frequency offset and linear phase noise tracking for CO-OFDM systems
Authors: Liu Shuai , Du Xinwei , Yu Changyuan
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a robust, dynamic and joint carrier frequency offset (CFO) and linear phase noise (LPN) tracking algorithm is proposed by utilizing the H∞ filter for CO-OFDM systems. The dynamic tracking is implemented by Bayesian filtering which time-recursively updates the posterior state estimates based on the prior state information and calculated gain. To improve the robustness of the dynamic tracking process against the uncertainty of the noise terms, we adopt the H∞ filter, which designs a min-max optimization problem with a performance bound-defined constraint. The H∞ filter obtains the state estimates by limiting the worst-case estimation error, which guarantees its robustness to the system uncertain noise terms and external disturbances. After the joint estimation of CFO and LPN, we then propose a decision-feedback algorithm to achieve accurate signal detection. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm are verified in an 88.9 Gb/s 16-QAM CO-OFDM system, by comparing with the conventional extended Kalman filter (EKF) and Gaussian particle filter (GPF). Simulation results show that the MSEs of CFO and LPN by H∞ filter can reach the Cramér-Rao Lower Bounds (CRLBs) as well as the Bayesian CRLB (BCRLB), and possesses excellent noise and chromatic dispersion (CD) tolerance.
Simulation of X-ray Hartmann wavefront sensing with the Synchrotron Radiation Workshop
Authors: Huang Lei , Wang Tianyi , Chubar Oleg , Dovillaire Guillaume , He An , Rakitin Maksim , Idir Mourad
Published: October 2022

X-ray wavefront measurement is an important beam diagnostic tool, especially for the diffraction-limited X-ray beam. These in situ diagnostics give a better understanding of beam imperfections, and they enable feedback for possible corrections and/or optical alignment improvements. Hartmann wavefront sensing is one of the promising techniques to perform in situ X-ray wavefront measurements. In this work, a simulation tool of the X-ray Hartmann Wavefront Sensor (HWS) is developed under the Synchrotron Radiation Workshop (SRW) framework. Using this new simulation capability, one can take advantage of the full SRW package to simulate Hartmann wavefront sensing with the beam traveling from the X-ray source to the sample through different X-ray optical components. This SRW HWS simulation tool can help to optimize the wavefront sensor parameters for a specific X-ray energy range. It can also simulate an in situ wavefront measurement experiment with a particular beamline optical layout and predict the expected results of the wavefront measurement under different beamline configurations.
Phase-quadrature quantum imaging with undetected photons
Authors: Haase Björn Erik , Hennig Joshua , Kutas Mirco , Waller Erik , Hering Julian , von Freymann Georg , Molter Daniel
Published: October 2022

Sensing with undetected photons allows access to spectral regions with simultaneous detection of photons of another region and is based on nonlinear interferometry. To obtain the full information of a sample, the corresponding interferogram has to be analyzed in terms of amplitude and phase, which has been realized so far by multiple measurements followed by phase variation. Here, we present a polarization-optics-based phase-quadrature implementation in a nonlinear interferometer for imaging with undetected photons in the infrared region. This allows us to obtain phase and visibility with a single image acquisition without the need of varying optical paths or phases, thus enabling the detection of dynamic processes. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method on a static phase mask opaque to the detected photons as well as on dynamic measurement tasks as the drying of an isopropanol film and the stretching of an adhesive tape.
Silicon-photonics-based waveguide Bragg grating sensor for blood glucose monitoring
Authors: Li Hongqiang , Zhu Zhiyue , Meng Wentao , Cao Lu , Wang Yingjie , Lin Zhilin , Li Enbang , Prades Joan Daniel
Published: October 2022

We demonstrated the design of two different structures, a two-sided structure and a top-surface structure, of glucose waveguide Bragg grating (WBG) sensors in a single-mode silicon-on-insulator (SOI) chip. A two-sided WBG structure was fabricated, and chip preparation was realized by lithography and other processes. A photonic platform for testing the two-sided WBG using glucose was built and completed. When the blood glucose concentration changed by 1 mg/mL, the two-sided WBG had a wavelength offset of 78 pm. The experimental results show that the two structures can achieve the sensing of different blood glucose concentrations. The two-sided WBG had better sensing performance and thus has a wide range of application prospects.
Single-pixel imaging of a randomly moving object
Authors: Xiao Leping , Wang Jianyu , Liu Xintong , Lei Xinxing , Shi Zuoqiang , Qiu Lingyun , Fu Xing
Published: October 2022

Single-pixel imaging enjoys advantages of low budget, broad spectrum, and high imaging speed. However, existing methods cannot clearly reconstruct the object that is fast rotating or randomly moving. In this work, we put forward an effective method to image a randomly moving object based on geometric moment analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that reconstructs the shape and motion state of the target without prior knowledge of the speed or position. By using the cake-cutting order Hadamard illumination patterns and low-order geometric moment patterns, we obtain a high-quality video stream of the target which moves at high and varying translational and rotational speeds. The efficient method as verified by simulation and experimental results has great potential for practical applications such as Brownian motion microscopy and remote sensing.
On-fiber high-resolution photonic nanojets via high refractive index dielectrics
Authors: Aljuaid Wasem , Riley Joseph Arnold , Healy Noel , Pacheco-Peña Victor
Published: October 2022

In this manuscript, we present high spatial resolution focusing of electromagnetic waves at telecommunication wavelengths (λ0 = 1.55 µm) by using high-refractive index mesoscale dielectrics placed at the end of an optical fiber. Our approach exploits photonic nanojets (PNJs) to achieve high-intensity, spatially narrow focal spots. The response of the device is evaluated in detail considering 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) configurations using high-index mesoscale cylindrical and spherical dielectrics, respectively, placed on top of an optical fiber. It is shown how the PNJs can be shifted towards the output surface of the mesoscale high-index dielectric by simply truncating its 2D/3D cylindrical/spherical output profile. With this setup, a PNJ with a high transversal resolution is obtained using the 2D/3D engineered mesoscale dielectric particles achieving a Full-Width at Half-Maximum of FWHM = 0.28λ0 (2D truncated dielectric), and FWHMy = 0.17λ0 and FWHMx = 0.21λ0 (3D truncated dielectric). The proposed structure may have potential in applications where near-field high spatial resolution is required, such as in sensing and imaging systems.
Effect of laser repetition rate on the fluorescence characteristic of a long-distance femtosecond laser filament
Authors: Xue Jiayun , Zhang Nan , Guo Lanjun , Zhang Zhi , Qi Pengfei , Sun Lu , Gong Cheng , Lin Lie , Liu Weiwei
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the effect of the laser repetition rate on the long-distance femtosecond laser filament in air is investigated by measuring the fluorescence characteristic of the filament. A femtosecond laser filament emits fluorescence due to the thermodynamical relaxation of the plasma channel. Experimental results show that as the repetition rate of femtosecond laser increases, the fluorescence of the filament induced by a single laser pulse weakens, and the position of the filament moves away from the focusing lens. These phenomena may be attributed to the slow hydrodynamical recovery process of air after being excited by a femtosecond laser filament, whose characteristic time is on the millisecond time scale and comparable to the inter-pulse duration of the femtosecond laser pulse train. This finding suggests that at a high laser repetition rate, to generate an intense laser filament, the femtosecond laser beam should scan across the air to eliminate the adverse effect of slow air relaxation, which is beneficial to laser filament remote sensing.
SCHOTT laser glass [Invited]
Authors: Usher-Ditzian T.-M.
Published: October 2022

Laser glass is a highly engineered optical material that enables the amplification of light in laser systems. It is known for being the heart of the largest laser facilities ever built, where thousands of neodymium-doped meter-sized slabs of laser glass create intense beams of near-infrared laser radiation used to study fusion reactions. Or if doped with ytterbium and erbium, laser glass can be made into millimeter-sized components empowering range-finders and dermatological lasers. Decades of development have poised laser glass for the next challenge on the horizon: amplifying light for sustainable inertial fusion energy power plants.
Spin relaxation of rubidium atoms in an octadecyltrichlorosilane anti-relaxation and anti-reflection coated vacuum multipass cell
Authors: Li Shuguang , Dai Pengfeng , Liu Jinsheng , Xu Zekai , Chida Kelvin
Published: October 2022

Optically-dense alkali-metal vapor cells with low optical losses are widely used in quantum precision measurements, yet atomic behaviors in coated cells still need further study. We developed an octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) anti-relaxation and dielectric anti-reflection coated multipass optical cell filled with rubidium vapor at high density, and investigated the spin relaxation as well as the spin noise of the atomic ensembles. High contrast spin noise spectrum was observed and we find that the quantum coherence lifetime is equal to the classical transverse spin relaxation time. Number density measurements give the spin-exchange possibility of 14% between rubidium atoms trapped in the coating.
Ultrawideband metamaterial absorber for oblique incidence using characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Gao Kun , Cao Xiangyu , Gao Jun , Li Tong , Yang Huanhuan , Li Sijia
Published: October 2022

An ultrawideband, polarization-insensitive, metamaterial absorber for oblique angle of incidence is presented using characteristic mode analysis. The absorber consists of conductive meander square loops and symmetric bent metallic strips, which are embedded with lumped resistors. With the aid of modal currents and modal weighting coefficients, the positions of the lumped resistors are determined. After that, the equivalent circuit (EC) model and admittance formula are proposed and analyzed to further understand the working principle and ultrawide bandwidth. The proposed absorber measures an absorption bandwidth of 4.3–26.5 GHz (144.1% in fractional bandwidth) for 90% absorptivity under normal incidence. At the oblique angle of incidence of 45°, the bandwidth of 90% absorptivity is still 5.1–21.3 GHz (122.72%) for transverse electric (TE) polarization, and 6.8–29.5 GHz (125.07%) for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. The good agreement among simulation, measurement, and EC calculation demonstrates the validity of the proposed method and indicates that the method can be applied to other microwave and optical frequency bands. The proposed metamaterial absorber can be widely applied in electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic interference, radar stealth, and biomedical detection.
Parafibromin governs cell polarity and centrosome assembly in Drosophila neural stem cells
Authors: Deng Qiannan , Wang Cheng , Koe Chwee Tat , Heinen Jan Peter , Tan Ye Sing , Li Song , Gonzalez Cayetano , Sung Wing-Kin , Wang Hongyan
Published: October 2022

Neural stem cells (NSCs) divide asymmetrically to balance their self-renewal and differentiation, an imbalance in which can lead to NSC overgrowth and tumor formation. The functions of Parafibromin, a conserved tumor suppressor, in the nervous system are not established. Here, we demonstrate thatDrosophilaParafibromin/Hyrax (Hyx) inhibits ectopic NSC formation by governing cell polarity. Hyx is essential for the asymmetric distribution and/or maintenance of polarity proteins.hyxdepletion results in the symmetric division of NSCs, leading to the formation of supernumerary NSCs in the larval brain. Importantly, we show that human Parafibromin rescues the ectopic NSC phenotype inDrosophila hyxmutant brains. We have also discovered that Hyx is required for the proper formation of interphase microtubule-organizing center and mitotic spindles in NSCs. Moreover, Hyx is required for the proper localization of 2 key centrosomal proteins, Polo and AurA, and the microtubule-binding proteins Msps and D-TACC in dividing NSCs. Furthermore, Hyx directly regulates thepoloandaurAexpression in vitro. Finally, overexpression ofpoloandaurAcould significantly suppress ectopic NSC formation and NSC polarity defects caused byhyxdepletion. Our data support a model in which Hyx promotes the expression ofpoloandaurAin NSCs and, in turn, regulates cell polarity and centrosome/microtubule assembly. This new paradigm may be relevant to future studies on Parafibromin/HRPT2-associated cancers.
Zoonoses and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population: A One Health scoping review
Authors: Riley Tamara , Anderson Neil E , Lovett Raymond , Meredith Anna , Cumming Bonny
Published: October 2022

With limited access to animal health services, and high disease burdens among domesticated animals, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia face higher risk of disease including zoonoses. However, we lack understanding of the contribution of often preventable zoonoses to the health of these communities, which would enable us to enhance public health strategies and improve health outcomes. We conducted a scoping review to identify the current state of evidence on zoonoses in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. We examined the size, scope and characteristics of the evidence base and analysed the zoonoses detected in the studies within a One Health framework. We identified 18 studies that detected 22 zoonotic pathogens in animals, people, and the environment, with most studies detecting pathogens in a single One Health sector and no studies investigating pathogens in all three sectors. Findings indicate that despite the strong conceptual foundations of One Health throughout the evidence base, evidence is lacking in application of this concept. There is a need to undertake further research that prioritises Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership, considers the contribution of human, animal and environmental health factors, and investigates the prevalence and impact of zoonoses in communities through a One Health approach.
Management of febrile illness in rural Guinea over a seven-year period: A retrospective study
Authors: Kourouma Karifa , Grovogui Fassou Mathias , Delamou Alexandre , Chérif Mahamoud Sama , Ingelbeen Brecht , Beavogui Abdoul Habib , van Griensven Johan , Bottieau Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Febrile illnesses constitute a major clinical challenge in tropical settings. We aimed to assess the frequency, presentation and management of febrile illness at two health facilities in Forécariah, Guinea, with a focus on appropriateness of antibiotic prescription.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective study conducted in patient files in a health center and a district hospital. Proportions of antibiotic prescription were determined by age group and syndromes as well as appropriateness of antibiotic prescription using the WHO model list (2019).

Results

From 2014 to 2020, 23,583 of 62,185 (38.0%) visits were related to febrile illness. Most patients with fever were female (56.1%) and evaluated at the health center (81.0%). Gastrointestinal (40.6%) and respiratory syndromes (36.8%), and undifferentiated fever (30.0%) were the most common presentations. Malaria was confirmed in 61.3% of the cohort. Overall, the rate of antibiotic prescription was high (14,834/23,583, 62.9%), mostly among patients aged <5 years (5,285/7,566, 69.9%), those with respiratory (7,577/8,684, 87.3%) and gastrointestinal (6,324/9,585, 66.0%) syndromes. Moreover, 7,432/14,465 (51.4%) patients with malaria were also prescribed an antibiotic. Penicillin (42.0%), cotrimoxazole (26.3%) and quinolones (18.7%) were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics. Overall, appropriateness of antibiotic prescription was low (38.3%), and even more so in patients with respiratory (29.1%) and gastrointestinal (25.8%) syndromes.

Conclusions

Febrile illness is a major cause of consultation in rural Guinea. Rate of antibiotic prescription was high, even in confirmed malaria and was often considered inappropriate. There is a pressing need to investigate the etiological spectrum and improve the diagnostic approach of febrile illness in Guinea.
Behavioral and brain anatomical analysis of Foxg1 heterozygous mice
Authors: Erickson Kirsty R. , Farmer Rebekah , Merritt Jonathan K. , Miletic Lanaghan Zeljka , Does Mark D. , Ramadass Karthik , Landman Bennett A. , Cutting Laurie E. , Neul Jeffrey L.
Published: October 2022

FOXG1 Syndrome (FS) is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder that is caused by a heterozygous loss-of-function (LOF) mutation of the FOXG1 gene, which encodes a transcriptional regulator important for telencephalic brain development. People with FS have marked developmental delays, impaired ambulation, movement disorders, seizures, and behavior abnormalities including autistic features. Current therapeutic approaches are entirely symptomatic, however the ability to rescue phenotypes in mouse models of other genetic neurodevelopmental disorders such as Rett syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and Phelan-McDermid syndrome by postnatal expression of gene products has led to hope that similar approaches could help modify the disease course in other neurodevelopmental disorders such as FS. While FoxG1 protein function plays a critical role in embryonic brain development, the ongoing adult expression of FoxG1 and behavioral phenotypes that present when FoxG1 function is removed postnatally provides support for opportunity for improvement with postnatal treatment. Here we generated a new mouse allele of Foxg1 that disrupts protein expression and characterized the behavioral and structural brain phenotypes in heterozygous mutant animals. These mutant animals display changes in locomotor behavior, gait, anxiety, social interaction, aggression, and learning and memory compared to littermate controls. Additionally, they have structural brain abnormalities reminiscent of people with FS. This information provides a framework for future studies to evaluate the potential for post-natal expression of FoxG1 to modify the disease course in this severe neurodevelopmental disorder.