bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Stability and Microbial Biotransformation of Five Deschloroketamine Derivatives as Prerequisite for Wastewater‐Based Epidemiology Screening
Authors: Frankenfeld Fabian , Wagmann Lea , Meyer Markus R.
Published: December 2024

Wastewater (WW)‐based epidemiology (WBE) is a powerful tool for screening and surveillance of drugs (of abuse) or new psychoactive substances (NPSs) in larger population. Since the drug market changes frequently, it is crucial for WBE to define screening and surveillance biomarkers considering drug metabolism and (microbial) stability. The aims of the presented work were first to identify metabolites, potentially serving as a WBE biomarker of five deschloroketamine derivatives (DCKDs) in rat feces samples after oral administration in addition to already known urinary metabolites, and second to elucidate the microbial biotransformation and WW stability of five DCKDs and their metabolites detected in urine and feces. Microbial biotransformation and stability of DCKD and their metabolites in WW were assessed by incubating parent compounds at 0.1 mg/L or rat urine or rat feces samples in freshly collected, untreated, influent WW over a period of 24 h. All samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry. All parent compounds, seven Phase I, and one Phase II metabolite were detected in rat feces samples. After WW incubations, all tested DCKD and their metabolites were still detectable at least in trace amounts, but particularly, peak areas of the Phase II N‐ and O‐glucuronides showed a markable decrease. This is in line with previous findings where Phase II conjugates were identified to be unstable in WW and thus not recommended as a WW biomarker. Hence, incubations demonstrated that the five DCKD and most of their metabolites were sufficiently stable in WW influent and can thus be used as analytical targets in the context of WBE.
Aerial Imagery Reveals Abnormal Stingray, Taeniura lymma (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), in the Central Red Sea
Authors: Ciocănaru Ioana Andreea , Nieuwenhuis Brian Owain , Lubambo Ostrovski Raquel , Cochran Jesse E. M. , McIvor Ashlie J. , Jones Burton H.
Published: December 2024

While morphological abnormalities have been widely reported in batomorphs, ontogenetic deformities of the posterior pectoral fin are rare. In this paper, we present a bluespotted ribbontail ray, Taeniura lymma (Forsskål, 1775), with symmetrically deformed posterior pectoral fins. The specimen was observed through aerial imagery on a coastal sandflat in the central Red Sea (22.30° N, 39.09° E). The bilateral symmetry of the deformity indicates it likely has a genetic base. However, lacking access to the specimen, the ultimate cause of the abnormality remains uncertain. The incomplete disk closure did not seem to affect survival, as the specimen reached a disk width of 22 cm, well above the regional size at sexual maturity. Our observations constitute both the first report of a morphological abnormality in T. lymma and the first record of a batomorph with a symmetrically deformed posterior pectoral fin. In this paper, we present a bluespotted ribbontail ray, Taeniura lymma (Forsskål, 1775), with symmetrically deformed posterior pectoral fins. The specimen was observed through aerial imagery on a coastal sandflat in the central Red Sea (22.30° N, 39.09° E). Our observations constitute both the first report of a morphological abnormality in T. lymma and the first record of a batomorph with a symmetrically deformed posterior pectoral fin.
Runners with a high body mass index and previous running‐related problems is a high‐risk population for sustaining a new running‐related injury: A 18‐month cohort study
Authors: Lindman Ida , Abrahamson Josefin , Nielsen Rasmus O.
Published: December 2024

High body mass index (BMI) and a previous running‐related injury (RRI) have been highlighted as two risk factors for sustaining an RRI. However, a critical gap exists in the knowledge of whether runners with both elevated BMI and a previous RRI constitute a particularly vulnerable subgroup in terms of susceptibility to new RRIs. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate if those with high BMI and a concomitant history of running‐related problems in the past 3 months were more prone to sustain a new RRI compared with runners with normal BMI and without previous running‐related problems. This study was part of the “Garmin‐RUNSAFE Running Health Study,” an 18‐month cohort study. The runners completed a baseline questionnaire containing questions regarding demographic data and previous running‐related problems and were asked to continuously track their running activities. The exposure were dichotomized into “no previous running‐related problem” or “previous running‐related problem,” and each group was further categorized into four subgroups depending on BMI. Time‐to‐event analysis was used to estimate the cumulative incidence risk difference (cIRD). The results highlight those with a BMI >30 kg/m2 with a previous running‐related problem to face the highest injury risk of 71%, whereas those with a BMI between 19 and 25 kg/m2 without a previous running‐related problem had the lowest injury risk of 43% corresponding to a cIRD of 28% [95% CI: 19%; 36%]. This result highlights those with high BMI and previous running‐related problems as a high‐risk subpopulation that would benefit from interventions of preventing running‐related injuries.
A Novel Image‐Based Assessment for Pork Quality Classification via Electrochemical Impedance Combined With Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Mao Yuezhong , Yan Chuanyong , Liu Xiaotong , Shi Shuangni , Qin Yumei , Tian Shiyi
Published: December 2024

Rapid detection of pork quality has garnered increasing attention due to its status as one of the most widely consumed meats in the world. This study developed an electrochemical impedance combined with sensory evaluation method to achieve real‐time imaging and quality assessment of pork. The optimal parameters for pork detection were determined through system performance tests and a Design of Experiment, which included the use of an adjacent excitation pattern, an excitation current of 15 mA at 10 kHz, a detector diameter of 5 cm, and stainless‐steel electrodes embedded in the pork. This method facilitated real‐time imaging, evaluated the distribution of lean and fat, and accurately distinguished different qualities, demonstrating strong correlation with sensory assessments. Furthermore, it could assess pork with varying levels of freshness, achieving a distinguishing index of 99.93. Hence, this approach holds promising potential for applications in the domain of meat quality assessment.
Monocyte‐Derived Macrophages Induce Alveolar Macrophages Death via TNF‐α in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Xiao Junjie , Hou Fei , Wang Huan , Wang Ruixuan , Liu Ying , Wu Xiayan , Xie Lixin
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Acute lung injury (ALI) and its subsequent progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are severe respiratory conditions. They are marked by rapid lung function deterioration and extensive pulmonary inflammation, often resulting in critical patient outcomes. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) are two distinct subsets of lung macrophages present in the alveoli during ALI. Both are critical mediators of pulmonary inflammation. Our study examined the interplay between AMs and MDMs in the inflammatory environment of ALI/ARDS.

Methods

Mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish ALI models. The lung tissues of mice were subjected to hematoxylin‐eosin staining to observe the degree of tissue damage. In vivo, CCR2‐deficient mice or depleting peripheral blood mononuclear cells by clodronate liposomes were used to reduce MDMs recruitment. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) supernatants were used for cytokine and total protein analyses. AMs and MDMs in the BALF were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of AMs death were determined through propidium iodide staining and measured by flow cytometry. In vitro, primary AMs were exposed to MDM‐conditioned medium or TNF‐α, and their death levels were assessed under a fluorescence microscope with propidium iodide staining.

Results

AMs significantly decrease in number and undergo extensive cell death during ALI. The reduced MDMs recruitment can increase the number of AMs, reduce AMs death, and alleviate lung injury. In vitro, MDM‐conditioned medium can induce AMs death and TNF‐α is one of the major secretions. It indicates that TNF‐α stimulation in vitro promotes AMs death. In vivo, MDMs are identified as the primary cells secreting TNF‐α. Additionally, the treatment with TNF‐α antagonists can reduce AMs death and the severity of lung injury.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that MDMs contribute to AMs death during ALI through TNF‐α. Targeting TNF‐α may offer a therapeutic strategy to mitigate AMs death and lung injury in ALI/ARDS.
N6‐Methyladenosine Modification on the Function of Female Reproductive Development and Related Diseases
Authors: Cui Xiangrong , Li Huihui , Huang Xia , Xue Tingting , Wang Shu , Zhu Xinyu , Jing Xuan
Published: December 2024

Background

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a widespread and reversible epigenetic alteration in eukaryotic mRNA, playing a pivotal role in various biological functions. Its significance in female reproductive development and associated diseases has recently become a focal point of research.

Objective

This review aims to consolidate current knowledge of the role of m6A modification in female reproductive tissues, emphasizing its regulatory dynamics, functional significance, and implications in reproductive health and disease.

Methods

A comprehensive analysis of recent studies focusing on m6A modification in ovarian development, oocyte maturation, embryo development, and the pathogenesis of reproductive diseases.

Results

m6A modification exhibits dynamic regulation in female reproductive tissues, influencing key developmental stages and processes. It plays critical roles in ovarian development, oocyte maturation, and embryo development, underpinning essential aspects of reproductive health. m6A modification is intricately involved in the pathogenesis of several reproductive diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), and endometriosis, offering insights into potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Conclusion

The review highlights the crucial role of m6A modification in female reproductive development and related diseases. It underscores the need for further research to explore innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for reproductive disorders, leveraging the insights gained from understanding m6A modification's impact on reproductive health.
Glucocorticoid promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer via co‐regulation of glucocorticoid receptor and TET2
Authors: Song Yanwei , Ren Shuqiang , Wu Shumei , Liu Weidong , Hu Chenghao , Feng Siting , Chen Xinyu , Tu Rui , Gao Fei
Published: December 2024

Glucocorticoids (GCs), commonly used for anti‐inflammatory and cancer treatments, have been linked to the promotion of cancer metastasis. Yet, the molecular mechanisms behind this potential remain poorly understood. Clarifying these mechanisms is crucial for a nuanced understanding and potential refinement of GC therapies in the context of cancer treatment. In HEK293T cells, co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) were used with antibodies of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and ten‐eleven translocation enzymes (TET) family proteins (TET1, TET2, TET3). Drug repositioning was performed through the Connectivity Map database, using common target genes of GR and TET2 in HEK293 and HCT116 cell lines and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cell migration and invasion were tested in CRC cell lines with varying GR expression, that is, HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. Dexamethasone (Dex) treatment resulted in a significant difference in cell migration rates in two CRC cell lines with disparate GR expression levels. Co‐IP and ChIP‐seq analyses substantiated the interaction between GR and TET family proteins in HEK293T cells. Belinostat, the selected compound, was successfully validated for its potential to counteract the effects of GC‐induced invasion in CRC cells in vitro. Transcriptomic analyses of Belinostat‐treated HCT116 cells revealed down‐regulation of target genes associated with cancer metastasis. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying GC‐induced metastasis, introducing newly repositioned compounds that could serve as potential adjuvant therapy to GC treatment. Furthermore, it opens avenues for exploring novel drug candidates for CRC treatment.
Effective Targeting of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells by Inducing Differentiation Mediated by Low‐Dose Vitamin C via β‐Catenin Retention in the Cell Membrane
Authors: Shanavas Shanooja , Sen Utsav , Banerjee Rajkumar , Shenoy P. Sudheer , Bose Bipasha
Published: December 2024

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated as the underlying cause of tumor recurrence due to their refractoriness to conventional therapies. Targeting CSCs through novel approaches can hinder their survival and proliferation, potentially reducing the challenges associated with tumor relapse. Our previous study demonstrated that colorectal cancer stem cells (CR‐CSCs) showed sensitivity to Vitamin C (Vit C), displaying a dose‐responsive effect where low doses (2–10 µM) promoted cell proliferation while high doses induced cell death. In this study, we unraveled the mechanistic effects of low doses that, although induced proliferation, remarkably facilitated stemness reduction in HT‐29 cell line‐derived CR‐CSCs. Our findings revealed that Vit C doses of 2 and 6 µM resulted in a reduction in stemness as evidenced by a reduced CD44+ cell population, representing CR‐CSCs. The key finding was the remarkable increase in the expression of β‐catenin protein following low‐dose Vit C treatment, despite a reduction in stemness, accompanied by a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET). The sequestration of upregulated β‐catenin via E‐cadherin to the cell membrane was identified as a mechanism for reduced stemness, MET, and differentiation of CR‐CSCs. Importantly, the epithelial phenotype induced by low‐dose Vit C rendered CR‐CSCs sensitive to conventional treatments, enhancing chemosensitivity to Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, and 5‐Fluorouracil by 60%–90%. These findings suggest that low dose Vit C could serve as an adjuvant to conventional therapeutic strategies for targeting advanced colorectal cancer by sensitizing CR‐CSCs to chemotherapy and potentially reducing tumor recurrence.
Why Super Typhoon Occurrence Over the Western North Pacific Ocean Tends to be More in Autumn Than Summer
Authors: Feng Zhiming , Yao Xiuping , Liao Chenfei , Ma Jiali , Pan Ning , Lin Yanluan
Published: December 2024

Based on the tropical cyclone (TC) best‐track datasets from the China Meteorological Administration during 1949–2020 and the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) datasets, we investigate the characteristics of super typhoons (SuperTYs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) and associated mechanism in this study. The results show that SuperTYs are prone to occur in autumn over the WNP, nearly 30% of the autumn TCs develop into SuperTYs, and autumn SuperTYs account for more than half of the annual total. This is due to both favourable oceanic and atmospheric conditions. In southeastern WNP, the sea surface temperature (SST) in autumn is higher than that in summer, inducing zonal circulation anomalies and enhancing low‐level westerlies. Consequently, the monsoon trough strengthens and extends eastward, favouring enhanced autumn typhoon occurrence in the southeastern WNP. This southeastward shift facilitates TCs to remain over the warm ocean for a longer period and makes them more prone to develop into SuperTYs. Furthermore, TCs tend to take westward‐moving tracks in autumn due to stronger easterly steering flows compared with summer, resulting in more TCs passing over the South China Sea (SCS) to the east of the Philippines where the vertical wind shear (VWS) is relatively weaker and prone to develop into superTYs.
Holistic Comparison of the Lipidomes Simultaneously From 12 Panax Herbal Medicines By Ultra‐High‐Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled With Ion Mobility‐Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hong Lili , Wang Yu , Wang Simiao , Xiong Ying , Xu Bei , Chen Qinhua , Yang Yang , Ding Mengxiang , Wang Hongda , Yang Wenzhi
Published: December 2024

Researches regarding quality control of ginseng focusing on the lipids are rare. Herein, ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography/ion mobility‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPSFC/IM‐QTOF‐MS) combined with untargeted metabolomic analysis was utilized to holistically characterize and compare the lipidomic difference among 12 Panax‐derived herbal medicines. The established UHPSFC/IM‐QTOF‐MS method, using a Torus 1‐AA column with CO2/CH3OH (modifier) as the mobile phase, well resolved the ginseng lipidome within 30 min. The lipid isomers and those easily co‐eluted by conventional reversed‐phase chromatography got separated, and integrated analyses of the positive‐/negative‐mode MS data and IM‐derived collision cross section (CCS) greatly enhanced lipids identification. By the pattern recognition chemometric analysis of 90 batches of ginseng samples, the root ginseng samples showed significant differences in lipidome composition from those stem/leaf and flower samples. In contrast, red ginseng also contained lipids significantly different from the other root ginseng. Totally 82 potential differential lipids were discovered and identified based on the positive‐mode data and 90 ones in the negative mode. Some of these lipid markers might be diagnostic for their authentication. Conclusively, we first report the lipidomic difference among 12 ginseng varieties, and the information obtained can lay foundation for the accurate identification of ginseng from the lipidome level.
Epistaxis Risk in Patients Treated With Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Versus Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Mandloi Shreya , Nunes Kathryn , Sina Elliott M. , Benedict Peter A. , Kahn Chase , Duffy Alexander , Shing Samuel R. , Urdang Zachary D. , Rosen Marc , Toskala Elina , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Nyquist Gurston G.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Anticoagulants (AC) are associated with epistaxis in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is a treatment that allows AF patients to stop AC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of developing epistaxis following LAAO versus direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and warfarin.

Methods

This study uses the TriNetX database as well as institutional records. The TriNetX database was searched for AF patients on a DOAC, warfarin, or treated with LAAO. Epistaxis odds ratios were compared 1 day–6 months and 6 months–3 years following initiation of DOAC, warfarin, or LAAO. Records of LAAO patients at our institution were also reviewed.

Results

The TriNetX query returned 1,185,862 patients. On TriNetX, LAAO patients had significantly higher odds of epistaxis likely due to antiplatelet therapy from 1 day–6 months compared to warfarin patients with DOAC patients (p < 0.0001). From 6 months–3 years after treatment initiation, LAAO patients experience reduced odds of epistaxis and epistaxis requiring nasal packing compared to warfarin patients (OR: 0.69 p = 0.0003; OR: 0.58 p = 0.0043). Institutionally, epistaxis resolved in 66% (8/12) LAAO patients with a history of epistaxis with an average follow‐up of 1.5 years.

Discussion

LAAO decreased the frequency of epistaxis and epistaxis requiring nasal packing in AF patients on warfarin after 6 months. Our institutional experience demonstrates long‐term improvement in epistaxis after LAAO for DOAC and warfarin patients. Additional studies need to be performed to account for dual antiplatelet following LAAO on epistaxis risk.

Level of Evidence

Level 3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Indications of recovery of anadromous fishes in a mid-Atlantic estuary of North America: Spatial and seasonal patterns near a dam
Authors: Keller David H. , Rohrback Colin R. , Morrill Daniel P.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Rivers on the east coast of North America once supported vast runs of anadromous fishes, such as Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis and American Shad A. sapidissima. Declines in runs were attributed to, in part, dams and poor water quality that have since been improved by fishways and improvements to wastewater treatment, respectively. The goal of this study was to determine the status of anadromous fishes upstream and downstream of a dam in a heavily urbanized tributary that has undergone improvements in fish passage and water quality.

Methods

We used boat electrofishing to index fish densities during the spring and summer over 2 years.

Result

We found a substantial run of anadromous Blueback Herring, a species that was extirpated in the 1970s but observed in low numbers in the 1990s and early 2000s. We also found a general pattern of decreasing densities of Blueback Herring and Striped Bass Morone saxatilis upstream of the dam than downstream, suggesting that the dam remains a major impediment to the full recovery of Blueback Herring and other anadromous fishes despite a fish ladder being installed in 1998.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that highly urbanized rivers, such as the Cooper River, can and in some cases do support substantial runs of anadromous fishes. It is important that urban waters be considered for restoration efforts such as improved fish passage to increase access to historical spawning grounds if these fisheries are to recover. Continued monitoring of urbanized streams and tidewater is needed to better describe the long-term responses of anadromous fishes to efforts that ameliorate threats caused by urbanization.

Impact statement In a highly urbanized river, we found a substantial run of anadromous Blueback Herring, a species that was extirpated in the 1970s but observed in low numbers in the 1990s and early 2000s. The increased numbers of Blueback Herring and other anadromous fishes corresponds to improvements in water quality and fish passage over a 50-year period.
Study of Asymmetric Face Failure and Limit Support Pressure During Curved Tunnels Excavation in Sandy Soils
Authors: Zhang Mengxi , Zhang Xue
Published: December 2024

With the continuous urban development, tunnels are increasingly designed with curved alignments to avoid existing structures and to make better use of the underground space. However, these tunnels are usually subjected to complex forces, and current research on the curved tunnels face stability remains incomplete. This paper presents a detailed face stability analysis of curved tunnels, both analytically and numerically. Initially, a series of 3‐D numerical simulations are performed to investigate the spatially asymmetric failure pattern of the soil ahead of the curved tunnel face and the stress transfer mechanism of the soil arching effect during the excavation process is explored. Subsequently, based on traditional limit equilibrium methods and the results from numerical simulations, an improved wedge‐prism model and corresponding theoretical calculation formulas for the limit support pressure are proposed. The validity of the improved model is confirmed through illustrative analyses, while sensitivity analyses are conducted on the impacts of soil internal friction angle, structural depth ratio, and tunnel curvature radius on the limit support pressure. This study can aid in the calculation of the stability of the tunnel face and the limit support pressure in curved tunnel excavation.
Allocation of Scattered Teeth From a Batavia 1629 Communal Grave
Authors: Bower Robert , Knott Stephen , Shefi Deb , Souter Corioli
Published: December 2024

When the Dutch ship Batavia wrecked in 1629 on Morning Reef in the Houtman Abrolhos Islands off the coast of Western Australia, most of the passengers and crew survived the wreck, but about 200 of the survivors later perished on and around Beacon Island where they had landed after the wreck. As many as 81 bodies may be buried on Beacon Island and 21 bodies have been excavated to date. During the 2017–2018 excavations, seven of the buried individuals were excavated from a communal grave. During the excavation, 18 teeth were found scattered in the soil around the bodies. A systematic method is presented to allocate isolated teeth to their appropriate skeleton using tooth morphology and tooth wear as the primary criteria for allocation. Tooth wear must be similar to the adjacent and opposing dentition before the tooth is considered for allocation. If the wear is similar, the tooth is gently fitted into the proposed tooth socket. The fit of the tooth in the tooth socket is visually assessed, and if close, the tooth is radiographed in situ to confirm the allocation. Each separated tooth must be tested in all the sites to which it is appropriate. If a tooth fits more than one site, it cannot be allocated. Use of this method allowed allocation of 10 separated teeth in 28 possible sites. The possible cause of the separation of teeth from the skeleton is discussed.
Overcoming underestimation of the share of colorectal cancer cases attributable to excess weight: a population‐based study
Authors: Mandic Marko , Safizadeh Fatemeh , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: December 2024

Objective

Previous research may have underestimated the relationship between overweight/obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by overlooking important potential sources of bias.

Methods

We used data from a large, population‐based case–control study encompassing 7098 CRC cases and 5757 age‐ and sex‐matched controls with comprehensive information on risk factors, including self‐reported body weight. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the associations of BMI with CRC risk before and after considering prediagnostic weight loss, history of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, and potentially increased CRC risk beneath the overweight threshold (BMI 25 kg/m2). Subsequently, population attributable fractions were calculated.

Results

In the standard analysis evaluating the BMI‐CRC association, in which none of the three aforementioned factors was considered, the fraction of CRC cases attributable to overweight and obesity was estimated to be 11.5%. This finding is consistent with estimates from previous studies, which mostly did not consider any of the three factors. However, when all three factors were considered in the analysis, a higher BMI was estimated to account for 23.4% of all CRC cases.

Conclusions

Careful consideration of important sources of bias suggests that a substantially larger share of the CRC burden may be attributable to excess weight than previously thought.
Citizen science platforms can effectively support early detection of invasive alien species according to species traits
Authors: González‐Moreno Pablo , Anđelković Ana A. , Adriaens Tim , Botella Christophe , Demetriou Jakovos , Bastos Rita , Bertolino Sandro , López‐Cañizares Celia , Essl Franz , Fišer Živa , Glavendekić Milka , Herremans Marc , Hulme Philip E. , Jani Viola , Katsada Dimitra , Kleitou Periklis , La Porta Nicola , Lapin Katharina , López‐Darias Marta , Lozano Vanessa , Martinou Angeliki F. , Oldoni Damiano , Per Esra , Rorke Stephanie , Roy Helen E. , Schweinzer Karl‐Manfred , Swinnen Kristijn , Tricarico Elena , Vicente Joana R. , de Groot Maarten , Pocock Michael J. O.
Published: December 2024

Early detection and rapid response are essential to deal effectively with new introductions of invasive alien species (IAS). Citizen science platforms for opportunistic recording of species are increasingly popular, and there is potential to harvest their data for early detection of IAS, but this has not been tested.

We evaluated the potential of data from existing citizen science platforms for early detection of IAS by obtaining 687 first records of species from 30 European countries where there was both an official first record (i.e. published in scientific literature or by a government agency) and a record in a citizen science platform. We tested how the difference between the two (time lag) was related to species traits, popularity in citizen science platforms, public and research attention and regulatory status.

We found that for 50% of the time lag records, citizen science platforms reported IAS earlier than or in the same year as the official databases. Although we cannot determine causality (the first official record could have been from a citizen science platform, or contemporaneous with it), this demonstrates that citizen science platforms are effective for IAS early detection.

Time lags were largely affected by species traits. Compared with official records, vertebrates were more likely to have earlier records on citizen science platforms, than plants or invertebrates. Greater popularity of the IAS in citizen science platforms and its observation in neighbouring countries resulted in earlier citizen science reporting. In contrast, inclusion in the EU priority list resulted in earlier official recording, reflecting the efficacy of targeted surveillance programmes. However, time lags were not affected by the overall activity of citizen platforms per country.

Synthesis and applications. Multi‐species citizen science platforms for reporting nature sightings are a valuable source of information on early detection of IAS even though they are not specifically designed for this purpose. We recommend that IAS surveillance programmes should be better connected with citizen science platforms, including greater acknowledgement of the role of citizen scientists and better data flow from smaller citizen science initiatives into global databases, to support efficient early detection.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Effect of laminae count and manufacturing methods on mechanical properties of thin‐ply woven composites
Authors: Kushwaha Shashank , Mahrous Mahmoud A. , Meyer Jacob L. , Chadha Charul , Jasiuk Iwona M.
Published: December 2024

Thin‐ply woven composites exhibit exceptional mechanical performance by delaying the onset of damage, making them suitable for high‐performance structural applications. This study outlines the impact of manufacturing techniques (vacuum bagging and hot pressing), ply count, and fiber waviness on the mechanical properties of aromatic thermosetting copolyester/carbon‐fiber (ATSP/CF) composites. The analysis encompasses several different ply counts, evaluating their effects on the in‐plane elastic modulus (0°–90°) and tensile strength. Results demonstrate that reducing the waviness (or crimp) ratio significantly enhances the in‐plane elastic modulus, with improvements up to 188%, highlighting the importance of fiber alignment. Vacuum bagging produced ply thicknesses from 128 to 58 μm for 1–36 plies, with in‐plane elastic moduli from 30.3 to 87.2 GPa, and 4‐ and 8‐ply samples showed approximately 40% higher stiffness than those made by hot pressing. ATSP resin with high thermal stability (up to 400°C) and recyclability was used. Furthermore, this study highlights the microstructural enhancements achieved through vacuum bagging, as revealed by scanning electron and optical microscopy, and micro‐computed tomography imaging. This paper provides insights into damage mitigation and achieving enhanced mechanical properties by controlling fiber waviness using vacuum bagging and higher ply count in thin‐ply ATSP/CF composites.

Highlights

Crimp ratio reduction enhances elastic in‐plane elastic modulus up to 188%.

Vacuum bagging increases modulus over the hot pressing manufacturing method by 40%.

Lowering thickness‐per‐ply increases failure strain from 0.8% to 1.2%.

Explored the performance of a novel ATSP matrix with high recyclability and thermal stability.
Addressing Sample Mix‐Ups: Tools and Approaches for Large‐Scale Multi‐Omics Studies
Authors: Fu Yingxue , Yuan Zuo‐Fei , Wu Long , Peng Junmin , Wang Xusheng , High Anthony A.
Published: December 2024

Advances in high‐throughput omics technologies have enabled system‐wide characterization of biological samples across multiple molecular levels, such as the genome, transcriptome, and proteome. However, as sample sizes rapidly increase in large‐scale multi‐omics studies, sample mix‐ups have become a prevalent issue, compromising data integrity and leading to erroneous conclusions. The interconnected nature of multi‐omics data presents an opportunity to identify and correct these errors. This review examines the potential sources of sample mix‐ups and evaluates the methodologies and tools developed for detecting and correcting these errors, with an emphasis on approaches applicable to proteomics data. We categorize existing tools into three main groups: expression/protein quantitative trait loci‐based, genotype concordance‐based, and gene/protein expression correlation‐based approaches. Notably, only a handful of tools currently utilize the proteogenomics approach for correcting sample mix‐ups at the proteomics level. Integrating the strengths of current tools across diverse data types could enable the development of more versatile and comprehensive solutions. In conclusion, verifying sample identity is a critical first step to reduce bias and increase precision in subsequent analyses for large‐scale multi‐omics studies. By leveraging these tools for identifying and correcting sample mix‐ups, researchers can significantly improve the reliability and reproducibility of biomedical research.
Research on the Safety Response Characteristics of Composite Charges Under Shock Wave Loading
Authors: Li Zhi‐peng , Lu Ying , Deng Chuan , Yu Wei , Tian Chao , Ji Chun‐liang , Hao Li‐xiao , Wen Yu‐shi
Published: December 2024

In this work, reaction intensity diagnostic techniques such as self‐shorting electrical probes and witness plates were used to establish a new large‐scale gap test device, which can be used to effectively study the influence of shock wave pressure, confinement strength, and insensitive explosive layer thickness on the safety response under shock loading. Taking a composite charge consisting of a TATB‐based and an HMX‐based aluminized explosive as an example, the influence of shock wave pressure, shell confinement, and composite charge structure on the reaction intensity was studied in detail. The results show that the reaction intensity of the charge is positively correlated with the shock wave pressure, increases with the shell confinement strength, and decreases with the insensitive explosive layer thickness. For the same composite charge structure and confinement strength, the reaction intensity level of the charge increases with the shock pressure. When PBX‐5 is 40 mm thick and PBX‐6 is 60 mm thick, under initial pressures of 6.45, 3.61, and 1.51 GPa, the reaction levels are detonation, deflagration, and no reaction, respectively. Under the same shock pressure, the reaction intensity increases with the confinement strength and decreases with the insensitive explosive layer thickness. For the same composite charge structure and shock pressure (5 mm PBX‐5, 95 mm PBX‐6; 1.51 GPa shock pressure value), when the sleeve is 5 mm steel, 5 mm aluminum, 2 mm steel or weaker, the reaction levels are detonation, detonation, and no reaction, respectively. These results are helpful to the safety design of composite charges.
Robust Damage‐Sensing and Corrosion‐Warning Polymeric Coatings: a New Approach to Visually Monitor the Degradation Dynamics of Coated Mg‐Alloys
Authors: Cheng Li , Zhang Aimeng , Cao Lan , Deng Kangqing , Hou Peimin , Liu Chengbao
Published: December 2024

Corrosion and degradation of magnesium (Mg) alloy result in serious damage and limit its application in new‐energy automobile industry. Considerable protective coating is proposed, yet it is hindered by the difficulties in avoiding and visually monitoring coating micro‐damage and localized metal corrosion. Herein, a novel anticorrosion coating system with autonomously monitoring multiple levels of damages in coated Mg‐alloy system, is proposed. In this design, the top layer of coating consists of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microcapsules containing crystal violet lactone (CVL) and polyurethane resin dispersed with SiO2 nanoparticles. Upon surface damage, the presence of SiO2 triggers the chromogenic reaction of CVL liberated from ruptured microcapsules, resulting in an immediate blue coloration to highlight coating damage. Meanwhile, the primer coating incorporates PMMA microcapsules with a phenolphthalein (PHP) core, which timely reveals alkaline corrosion pits at Mg alloy/coating interface by generating pink coloration. Furthermore, the microcapsules‐embedded coating exhibits superior corrosion resistance. The failure evolution dynamics of coating‐Mg system, including both the external coating damage and internal localized corrosion, can be visually indicated. This work provides an innovative strategy to tailor and monitor the degradation of coated Mg alloys, thereby presenting promising prospects for application in automotive anticorrosion engineering.
Lewis Acid Sites Assisted PtCu/CeO2‐C Enabling High‐Performance for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Ren Yangyang , Li Beibei , Zhang Guichao , Lu Zunming , Li Lanlan , Yang Xiaojing , Zhang Xinghua , Yu Xiaofei
Published: December 2024

Improvement in the durable and active low‐Pt nanocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the essential target for clean energy. Herein, an efficient CeO2 supported PtCu alloy catalyst (PtCu/CeO2‐C) for ORR in acid media is developed. The CeO2 support can effectively anchor the PtCu particles and inhibit their migration during the long‐life cycling, which is beneficial to the catalytic performance. According to the electrochemical experiments, the specific and mass activities of PtCu/CeO2‐C are 1.09 mA cm−2 and 0.49 A mgPt−1 at 0.9 V, which are 9.9 and 6.1 times as large as that of Pt/C, demonstrating its outstanding ORR activities in acid media. Moreover, the theoretical studies confirm that oxygen vacancies (VO) as Lewis acid sites can facilitate the adsorption and dissociation of O2, regulate the electronic structure of Pt, and thus endow PtCu/CeO2‐C with an efficient 4‐electron ORR pathway. The results suggest that the rational design of supported Pt‐based catalysts is of great significance for efficient ORR reaction.
Inflection of Resistive Switching Behavior in Atomically Precise Silver Cluster‐Assembled Materials
Authors: Alam Noohul , Rahaman Towhidur , Das Anish Kumar , Pal Arun K. , Datta Ayan , Ray Soumya Jyoti , Mondal Pradip Kumar , Polentarutti Maurizio , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: December 2024

Bottom‐up design of electronic materials based on nanometer‐sized building blocks requires precise control over their self‐assembly process. Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) are the well‐characterized building blocks for crafting tunable nanomaterials. Here, a solution‐processed assembly of a newly synthesized molecular silver nanocluster (0 D Ag12‐NC) into a 1D nanocluster chain (1 D Ag12‐CAM) is mediated by 4,4′‐bipyridine linker Both 0 D Ag12‐NC and 1 D Ag12‐CAM consist of Ag12 core that adopts the cuboctahedron geometry protected by organic ligands. The resistive switching devices are fabricated in a sandwich‐like structure of ITO (Indium tin oxide)/X/Ag (where X is either 0 D Ag12‐NC or 1 D Ag12‐CAM). The device based on 1 D Ag12‐CAM exhibited excellent resistive switching behaviour, enduring up to 1000 cycles and boasting a fivefold higher Ion/Ioff ratio compared to the device based on the molecular 0 D Ag12‐NC nanocluster. Furthermore, the device based on 1 D Ag12‐CAM demonstrated negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomena, achieving a peak‐to‐valley ratio of 2.34 with a switching efficiency of 23 Ns. This work highlights the importance of interconnecting molecular nanoclusters into 1D nanocluster chains for fine‐tuning resistive memory properties in futuristic electronic appliances.
Nanoscale Projection Hard X‐ray Microscope for Operando Statistical Analysis of Chemical Heterogeneity in Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Jo Sugeun , Kim Hwiho , Kim Sangwoo , Nam Chihun , Lim Jongwoo , Lim Jun
Published: December 2024

The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the state of charge (SOC) within battery electrodes significantly impairs the rate capability and cycle life of lithium‐ion batteries. However, mapping this heterogeneity is challenging owing to the lack of experimental methods that quantify the SOC at the electrode scale, while also offering nanoscale resolution for in‐depth analyses of individual particles. Herein, this work reports an advanced projection X‐ray microscopy that combines nanometric resolution, a large field of view, and high chemical sensitivity using spectroscopic imaging. This method enables the operando imaging of SOC heterogeneity across electrodes containing numerous Ni‐rich layered oxide (NRLO) particles, while significantly lessening the radiation dose and maintaining rapid imaging speeds. This work characterizes the SOC heterogeneity in the degraded electrode with a cross‐section, thereby revealing the considerable heterogeneity in the battery degradation progresses at the individual‐particle‐level. Further, this work observes inter‐ and intra‐particle heterogeneity during NRLO particle calcination, thereby identifying rapidly oxidized particles that likely facilitate the calcination process.
Standardizing Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Forensic Processes
Authors: Kebande Victor R. , Ikuesan Richard A.
Published: December 2024

In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), the absence of standardized forensic processes presents substantial hurdles to effective investigations. As IIoT devices become ubiquitous in critical infrastructure, ensuring consistency and reliability in forensic procedures becomes imperative. This paper aims to front the critical need for standardized IIoT forensic processes, challenges, impact and industry and government roles in achieving this. The motivation for this study is underscored by recent incidents where the absence of standardization impeded forensic analysis, leading to delayed or inconclusive results. By proposing a taxonomy of forensic processes tailored to the IIoT landscape, this paper examines and reviews the challenges, impacts, and the roles of industry and government in achieving standardization. The proposed approach aims to significantly enhance the ability of investigators to conduct thorough forensic investigations, ultimately improving accountability, security, and resilience in IIoT ecosystems.
Caregiver‐reported increased food motivation and adiposity in dogs receiving antiseizure drugs
Authors: Morros‐Nuevo Anna , Packer Rowena M. A. , Regan Nicole , Raffan Eleanor
Published: December 2024

Background

Idiopathic epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease in dogs and requires lifelong administration of antiseizure drugs (ASD). A decreased level of energy and increased food intake and weight gain have been described as long‐lasting side effects.

Methods

We assessed food motivation (FM), using the previously validated dog obesity risk assessment questionnaire, in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy (n = 222) and healthy dogs (n = 7086) to determine if epilepsy and ASD were associated with increased FM and adiposity and decreased activity. We also assessed how caregivers managed weight gain in this population of dogs in the study.

Results

Dogs with idiopathic epilepsy receiving ASD had significantly higher FM than healthy dogs. Their carers also reported significantly greater interventional effort and food restriction compared with healthy dogs, yet they had significantly higher adiposity. Minimal modelling showed that within the epileptic group, ASD had the highest impact on FM, with an effect size of 32%.

Limitations

Carer‐reported data were used, which could have introduced bias. Furthermore, the sample size did not allow us to distinguish the effect of individual ASD.

Conclusions

ASD increases FM in dogs, resulting in greater adiposity.
Towards a Quantum Theory
Authors: van Suijlekom Walter D.
Published: December 2024

In the final Chapter of this book we present an overview of recent and ongoing work, taking the first steps towards a quantum theory for noncommutative geometry. Indeed, in the applications to particle physics phenomenology one applies the usual, physicist’ textbook renormalization group methods to the spectral action, in order to arrive at couplings and mass parameters at lower energy. And even though the appearance of such experimentally testable results from a geometrical framework valid at high-energies is very intriguing, this step remains a weak point of the noncommutative approach to particle physics. In other words, it means that in the passage to the quantum theory one looses the elegant spectral and unifying picture that one started with.
Finite Noncommutative Spaces
Authors: van Suijlekom Walter D.
Published: December 2024

In this chapter (and the next) we consider finite discrete topological spaces. However, we will stretch their usual definition, which is perhaps geometrically not so interesting, to include the more intriguing finite noncommutative spaces. Intuitively, this means that each point has some internal structure, described by a particular noncommutative algebra. With such a notion of finite noncommutative spaces, we search for the appropriate notion of maps between, and (geo)metric structure on such spaces, and arrive at a diagrammatic classification of such finite noncommutative geometric spaces.
Balancing Sustainability Elements
Authors: Zhao Xinyan
Published: December 2024

To protect sustainable development interests, WTO panels must consider all relevant elements. These elements vary according to different sustainable development interests. This chapter outlines the factors that WTO panels must consider when balancing these diverse interests. To avoid redundancy, I categorise these factors into four groups based on the TSDCs. They involve (1) poverty eradication and inequality reduction, (2) food security and sustainable agriculture, (3) human health and life, and (4) climate change, the ocean, and clean energy. This chapter explains how WTO panels avoid undermining any SDGs when reviewing the legality of domestic measures related to various SDGs. In other words, it addresses how to ensure that WTO members pursue one TSDC without violating others using the sustainability test. The findings in this chapter are based on a critical analysis of WTO jurisprudence. Therefore, each section will first explore the SDGs related to a TSDC, their relevance to WTO dispute settlement, and the issues in existing cases before indicating how WTO panels should balance these factors when implementing the sustainability test.
Localization of the 5D supergravity action and Euclidean saddles for the black hole index
Authors: Cassani Davide , Ruipérez Alejandro , Turetta Enrico
Published: December 2024

Abstract

We investigate equivariant localization of the gravitational on-shell action in odd dimensions, focusing on five-dimensional ungauged supergravity. We analyze the conditions for cancellation of boundary terms, so that the full action integral is given in terms of the odd-dimensional analog of the nuts and bolts of Gibbons-Hawking. We specialize to supersymmetric configurations with an additional U(1) symmetry preserving the supercharge and provide a formula for the localized on-shell action. We construct asymptotically flat Euclidean supersymmetric non-extremal solutions with two independent rotations and an arbitrary number of electric charges, providing black hole saddles of the gravitational path integral that computes a supersymmetric index, and evaluate their action equivariantly. We find that these Euclidean saddles interpolate between supersymmetric extremal black holes and two-center horizonless microstate geometries. The interpolation involves dialing the temperature and implementing different analytic continuations. The corresponding on-shell action does not depend on temperature but is affected by the analytic continuations.