bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Honey bees and honeydew honey production from oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi on sorghum plants in Egypt
Authors: Farag Rasha M. A. , Metwaly Amr A. A. , Farag Marwa M. A.
Published: September 2024

Climate changes may play an important role in the level of plant growth and the degree of their response and sensitivity to insect infections and may affect the distribution and spread of insects. The current study draws attention to the emergence of honeydew honey produced from sorghum plants, which has spread in some governorates of Egypt, including Fayoum, Assiut, and Sohag. Samples of aphids were collected from Sorghum bicolor (L.) plants in Fayoum Governorate during the infestation. Samples were also taken from the beehives after the honeydew honey harvest. The aphids were classified, and the honey samples obtained were analyzed for some physical and chemical characteristics. The results of the research showed that the S. bicolor were infected with oat-birdcherry aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) which caused the appearance of honeydew. The honeybee colonies collected them and produced honeydew honey. Most samples showed high electrical conductivity, and physical and chemical analyses were in accordance with Egyptian standard specifications, while acidity showed a noticeable increase, ranging from 36.0 meq. /kg to 66.5 meq. /kg with a range of 48.83 meq. /kg. Thus, some newly harvest honeydew honey samples exceeded the permissible limits of Egyptian standard specifications while molds and yeasts isolation, enumeration and identification from honeydew honey produced a unique marker from containing fungi Penicillium apimei that produces penicillin. This study may open further future studies on the possibility of the emergence of another type of honeydew honey in Egypt. It may also be good to track these types and set specifications in a way that their precision is consistent with their composition and production conditions without tampering with the quality of the product.
Bioactives and nutrients evaluation of the leaves and fruits of Solanum Melongena
Authors: Emeribe E.O. , Ogbuehi H.C.
Published: September 2024

Leaves and fruits of garden egg (Solanum melongena) were analyzed for proximate analysis, mineral contents, vitamins, quantification  and determination of phytochemicals at the School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology Laboratory, Federal University of  Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria in October, 2018. Results of proximate analysis showed: moisture content (81.6 and 87.3) %, ash  (0.86 and 0.52) %, fibre (3.2 and 1.3) %, protein (9.0 and 4.8) % fat, (1.4 and 0.7) % carbohydrate, (4.1 and 5.5) % for leaves and fruits  respectively. Minerals were higher in leaves (Mg 135.2, Ca 89.6, K 45.4, Zn 1.9) g than fruit samples (Mg 65.8, Ca 13.4, K 39.3, Zn 0.16) g. On  vitamins, leaves were also higher than the fruits (calcium (89.6, 13.4 mg/100) g, potassium (45.4, 39.3 mg/100) g, magnesium (135.2,  63.8 mg/100)g and zinc (1.9, 0.16 mg/100)g respectively. Both samples contained vitamins A and C with values of (4.95 mg/100, 1.15  mg/100) g and (13.03 mg/100, 5.52 mg/100) g for leaves and fruits respectively. The phytochemical composition results revealed the  presence of bioactive compounds that are higher in leaves than fruits, such as alkaloids (2.50 and 0.08) %, flavonoid (1.30 and 1.10) %, phenols (0.033 and 0.009) % and tannin (0.18 and 0.03) % respectively. This study reveals the usefulness of Solanum melongena leaves  and fruits for herbal and nutritional purposes, as they are rich in bioactive compounds, essential vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals,  making them suitable for treating high blood pressure, cancer, and other diseases.
Comparative evaluation of native and modified starches produced from rice, cocoyam and cassava
Authors: Austin Ihemeje
Published: September 2024

The study focused on comparative evaluation of native and modified starches produced from rice, cocoyam and cassava. Starch was  respectively extracted from rice, cocoyam and cassava. The starch from each of the food material was divided into two parts. One part  was modified while the other served as the raw counterpart giving a total of six samples. The functional, pasting and physical properties  of the samples were analyzed. The results obtained for functional properties of the starches ranges from 1.21% to 3.82% (water  absorption capacity), 0.26% to 0.85% (Bulk density), 0.84% to 2.49% (oil absorption capacity), 1.12% to 3.61% (swelling capacity), 1.61 to  7.63±0.04% (foaming capacity) and 6.34±0.05 to 6.56±0.02% (pH). Significant (p<0.05) differences were observed from the functional  properties of the starches due to modification. The pasting properties analyzed were, peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback  viscosities as well as pasting temperature and peak time with their values ranging from 96.40 to 216.16RVU, 32.32 to 163.94RVU, 17.89 to  64.51RVU, 59.33 to 276.3RVU, 25.24 to 111.39RVU, 60.78 to 83.26 0C and 3.80 to 6.00 minutes respectively. All the parameters analyzed for  pasting properties as well as physical properties (solubility, pH, etc.) differed significantly (p<0.05) from each other. The study generally  proved that modification enhanced the functional, pasting and physical properties of the respective starch samples. The modified starches are therefore recommended for inclusion in food formulation where their qualities can be harnessed.
Comparative efficacy of moringa, neem and lemon grass leaf powders in the control of bean beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus Fab.) infesting cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Authors: L. Sanusi  , N. D. Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

Insecticidal property of neem, moringa and lemon grass leaf powders were tested on C. maculatus feeding on stored cowpea in laboratory at 31.90C and relative humidity of 15.5 %. Eleven treatments were used, at three levels for each plant (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0/50g’. In addition, permethrin was used as positive control and untreated sample as negative control. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) replicated three times. Four pairs of insects were introduced into each treatment and mortality was recorded for ten days. The mortality was 100% on the sixth day in seeds treated with moringa and neem leaf powders. Highest weight loss was in the negative control 1.18 g (2.37%) compared to 0.48g (0.95%) in the neem. Toxicity and feeding deterrent effect of all the three treatments were dose dependent, i.e. it increases as the dose increases. Therefore, moringa and neem leaf powders were effective protectants of C. maculatus against cowpea. It is recommended that 1g of the moringa and neem be used, i.e. 2.0 % per 50g of cowpea.
Determinants of technical efficiency of small-scale rice farmers in Edo North Ecological Zone, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: J. Egbodion  , A.O. Oduwale  , A.O. Ehigie
Published: September 2024

The study estimated technical efficiency of farmers with a view to isolate significant factors that affect farmer’s efficiency in the study area. A two-stage sampling procedure involving purposive and simple random sampling was used to select 250 rice farmers for the study. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire which was administered to the farmers. The data obtained were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics and stochastic production function through Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method using the computer program for frontier version 4.1. Results show that most (68.4%) of the small-scale rice farmers were male and 78.4% were married with mean age of 43 years, as well household size of 7 persons respectively in the study area. About 86% of the farmers had formal education, with about 13 years-experience in rice farming and an average farm size of 2.9 hectares. Most (51.6%) of the farmers had contact with Extension Agent and use hired labour (54.8%). Average farm net income for the rice farmers was ₦599,681.28 per hectare. The MLE for technical efficiency shows that farm size, seeds herbicides and pesticides use influenced output of rice production in the study area while farming experience (-2.4260), literacy level (-02.6402, age of farmers (-2.6402) and source of capital (-1.3329) respectively jointly contributed to increase farmers efficiency in the study area. The study concluded that rice farming is profitable in the study area and recommends implementation of an integrated rice farming development program combining education, mentorship, financial support, and enhanced extension services. Focus on optimizing farm management, increasing technical efficiency, and boosting profitability across diverse farmer demographics.
A Predictive model for performance analysis of solar PV Systems in Kajiado County, Kenya
Authors: Ogweno Benjamin Elmard , Wekesa David Wafula , Musonye Fenwicks Shombe
Published: September 2024

Solar photovoltaic is one of the emerging technologies widely recognized as a potential solution to energy poverty due to its high  reliability, long life, and automatic operation with minimal maintenance requirements. despite its low conversion efficiency and high  capital costs. However, solar energy is non-dispatchable, hence not used as a peak load energy source, due to its sporadic  nature. Solar  PV system design and operation is also affected by intermittency. System design should consider site specific ambient conditions that  may affect the output. Such conditions are not often modeled and designers always use standard test conditions. There is need to  develop such models that can be used to guide system designers. This study focuses on the development and validation of a predictive  numerical system for solar PV systems in Kajiado County. Real-time data on solar irradiance, temperature, and system performance were  collected to model and simulate the performance of solar PV systems. The study employed an exploratory and predictive research design,  utilizing analytical and numerical techniques to develop and refine the predictive numerical model. The model was validated  using an existing solar PV system in Kajiado County, comparing the predicted performance metrics with the actual characteristics of the  system. Simulation procedures involved developing the model using module specifications and intermittency variables, and conducting  simulations based on site-specific data. The results were analyzed, and the accuracy of the predictive model was assessed. The model  demonstrated that solar PV systems perform well at low Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) conditions of 30 °C. Based on the  simulated data output, the PV module conversion efficiency varies between 20.32% and 16.72%. This differs from the expected efficiency  value, which in laboratory circumstances is 21.00%. The simulated power output values had a deviation of between 0.68% and 10.68% in  comparison to experimental data from a site specific location in Kajiado County, Kenya. The study concluded that the developed  predictive numerical system accurately predicts the performance of solar PV systems, and that the predicted power based on laboratory  test conditions is more than the real power based on real site conditions. The findings provide valuable insights for decision-making in  the design, operation, and management of solar PV systems. The research recommends further model refinement, expanded validation,  real-time monitoring, collaboration, and policy support to enhance the effectiveness and applicability of the predictive numerical system  in the renewable energy sector.
Explanatory models and treatment practices of mental illnesses among traditional healers in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Kokota Demoubly , Stewart Robert C. , Abbo Catherine , Bandawe Chiwoza
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to explore explanatory models and treatment practices for mental illness/ bio-psycho-social disability by traditional healers in Blantyre, Malawi. The study adopted an exploratory design using qualitative methods. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. It was conducted in Blantyre, a district in southern Malawi. Participants were traditional healers practising in the district. Purposive sampling was used to select the study sample. In total, ten indepth interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted. The sample was determined based on data saturation. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data aided by Nvivo 12. Four themes were identified in the data: presentation of a person with mental illness; types of mental illness; causes of mental illness; and management modalities. The findings show that although traditional healers are capable of recognizing mental illnesses, it is patients exhibiting significant behavioural disturbances that are mostly identified. Supernatural attributions and management dominated. Mistrust of the allopathic health system also exists among the healers.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Earnings Management: Evidence from Non-Financial Firms in Tanzania and Kenya.
Authors: Patrick Janeth , Derefa Moshi
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 on accrual-based earnings management (AEM) in Kenya and Tanzania, two countries with similar economies but different pandemic responses. Using a panel data regression model on 43 non-financial firms listed on the Nairobi and Dar-es-Salaam Stock Exchanges, covering 344 firm-year observations, the study analyzed the relationship between a COVID-19 dummy variable and absolute discretionary accruals (Abs_[DAC]). The 2017-2019 period is defined as "pre-pandemic" and 2020-2022 as "pandemic." The results show an insignificant positive relationship between COVID-19 and Abs_[DAC] across the sample, indicating no statistically significant impact on AEM for both Kenyan and Tanzanian firms. However, a significant negative relationship was found for Kenyan firms, suggesting a reduction in AEM,likely due to stringent lockdowns and economic uncertainty. These findings provide insights for investors and policymakers on how pandemic-response policies influence financial reporting. Future research could explore alternative earnings management measures and account for differences in economic conditions and regulations.
Effect of Denture on Oral Microbiome Diversity of Denture-Wearing Older Adult
Authors: NWAOKORIE Francisca O. , AKINBOBOYE Bolanle Oyeyemi , AKEREDOLUA Patricia Adetokunbo , DANIA Mitchelle
Published: September 2024

Background: Dentures remain a treatment option for toothreplacement, however, their role in defining the oralmicrobiome is still elusive.Objective: To evaluate the effect of the insertion of dentureson oral microbiomial profile using metagenomics.Methods: Baseline denture sonicate was obtained from thedenture before insertion, supragingival plaque was collectedbefore and after denture insertion. Metagenomic DNAextraction and next-generation sequencing on the IlluminaMiseq platform were all done using standard protocols.Structural composition analysis was done using QuantitativeInsights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME).Results: A total of 9 respondents, five males (55.6%) and fourelderly females (44.4%) with a mean age of 69.89±3.79participated in this study. The five most common speciesfound in the dental plaque before the insertion of dentureswere Stenotrophomonas (26.06%), Capnocytophaga (9.11%),Streptococcus (3.24%), Unknown (10.58%) and HaemophilusParainfluenza (8.29%). After insertion and use of dentures for6 months, the bacteria identified in the dental plaque wereStenotrophomonas which increased in quantity from 26.06.%to 40.22%. The top five species found on the same dentureafter insertion were Pseudomonas veronii (41.29%) and othersimilar species of Pseudomonas (21%), Stenotrophomonas(30.45%), unknown species ( in the range of 1.93 to 53.53%),Methylobacterium adhaesivum (4.04%) and Pelomonassp.(3.12%). All the species found at baseline on the denturethat was positive with microorganisms before insertion wereabsent on the same denture 6 months after except forStreptococcus species that was also present consistently in 4dentures out of the 9 dentures tested (44.4%). Streptococcusspecies was not one of the top five common species in dentalplaque compared to denture plaque (44.4%).Conclusion: The study observed a relatively diverse microbialcommunity from the dental plaque which increased afterinsertion of a denture. It is suggested that the microbial loadof the denture before insertion might be a risk factor for oralinfection in older people.
Factors Associated with Knowledge and Attitudes of HIV Patients towards HIV-Based Services at Kibagabaga District Hospital
Authors: Karamage Axell , Kubahoniyesu Theogene , Nsanzabera Charles , Kidane Andegiorgish Ammanuel
Published: September 2024

BackgroundHIV is still a significant global public health issue. World health organization (WHO) recommends that people infected with HIV should initiate HIV-based services as early as possible. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude levels of HIV patients towards HIV-based services and associated factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 274 HIV patients obtaining HIV-based services at Kibagabaga Hospital. Descriptive analysis, bivariate and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 21. P-value <0.05 was declared as significant.ResultsThe majority of respondents were female 158 (57.7%) and 107 (39.1%) were aged 50 years old and more. Analysis revealed that 86.1% had good knowledge on HIV-based services and 81% exhibited positive attitudes. Respondents aged 40-49 years (AOR: 11.59; 95% CI: 1.560 - 86.063), aged 50 years (AOR: 16.44; 95% CI: 2.150 - 125.653), Urban (AOR: 7.05; 95% CI: 1.999 - 24.88) and engaged for more than 5 years (AOR: 13.29; 95% CI: 1.694 - 104.182) were more likely to exhibit good knowledge towards HIV-based services.ConclusionThe study revealed favorable knowledge and attitudes towards HIV-based services, However, improved awareness is needed to improve uptake in rural communities.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):229-238
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections among Patients in Referral Hospitals in Rwanda
Authors: Niyomugabo Aloys , Mukeshimana Madeleine , Collins Anita , Felix Bongomin  , Geldine Chironda
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPost-operative surgical site infections (SSIs) are a global public health problem, disproportionately affecting developing countries. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors for SSIs among patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Rwanda.Methods A retrospective cross-sectional involving 396 medical files for surgical patients discharged between July 2020, and December 2021 to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with surgical site infections. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.ResultsOf 396 participants,121(30.6%) developed SSIs. SSIs was significantly associated with spending more than 120 minutes (COR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.58-5.23) in operation and undergoing emergency admission (COR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.08-2.57) were associated with higher odds of developing surgical site infections. In multivariable analysis, after controlling for covariates, spending more than 120 minutes in operation (AOR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.29-4.93) and undergoing emergency admission (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.03-2.73) remained significantly associated with surgical site infections.ConclusionThe 30.6% of surgical patients developed post-operative SSIs despite receiving prophylactic antibiotic. Therefore, regular infection surveillance and adherence to preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative infection prevention measures are crucial to reduce the burden of SSIs.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):260-272
Factors Associated with Adherence to Medication among Hypertensive Patients in a District Hospital, Northern Province, Rwanda
Authors: Abazimana Denys , Okova Rosemary , Habtu Michael
Published: September 2024

BackgroundGlobally, half of cardiovascular deaths are related to hypertension. Unfortunately, sub-Saharan Africa is burdened with lower adherence to anti-hypertensive medications. Hence, to successful-ly control and prevent the now-increasing hypertension crisis and its complications is to ensure good adherence to anti-hypertensive medications. AimThe aim of this study was to assess factors associated with adherence to hypertensive medica-tions among hypertensive patients in a district hospital of Northern Province in Rwanda. MethodsA cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 272 hypertensive patients. Data were ana-lyzed using SPSS version 21.0 in which bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. The significance level was set at p < 0.05; and odds ratio and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. ResultsSelf-reported adherence was 64.3%. Factors associated with adherence to hypertension medi-cations were being a female (AOR= 4.188, 95% CI [1.555-11.281], p=0.005); having been diag-nosed and on treatment for five years or more (AOR=33.35, 95% CI [5.016-221.2851], p<0.001), good belief of medication (AOR=16.867 95% CI [5.438-52.321], p<0.001), taking medication even when there are no symptoms (AOR: 24, 95% CI [4.831-119.281], p<0.001); in the past hav-ing been a smoker but stopped (AOR: 9.348, 95%CI [2.594-33.686], p=0.001).ConclusionAdherence was low, and multiple factors were associated. As a result, there is a need to develop and strengthen strategies aiming at improving medication adherence among hypertensive pa-tients by addressing the factors associated. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2024;7(2):140-150
Effect of dapagliflozin on metabolic disorders, β islets cell function and serum protein expressions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ji Guifang , Ma Mingmei , Zheng Yongyu , Wei Lingjun , Cheng Tuan
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on metabolic disorders, pancreatic islets β-cell function and serum protein expressions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: One hundred patients with T2DM in Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China from June 2022 to March 2023 were selected and randomly divided into control and study groups, with 50 patients in each group. Patients in control group received basic treatment (instruction to control diet intake), while patients in study group received dapagliflozin (10 mg/day) for 6 weeks, plus basic treatment. Pre and post-treatment physical examination, blood glucose and blood lipid parameters were determined. Furthermore, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits while serological indices were determined using radioimmunoassay.
Results : Post-treatment levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h BG), lipid levels, and GLP 1 levels in the two groups were significantly lower than pre-treatment levels (p < 0.05), but the levels in study group were significantly lower than those in control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, HbA1c level of study group was significantly lower than that of control group (p < 0.05). After treatment, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and body mass of the two groups were significantly lower than pretreatment values, with study group having significantly lower values than control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Dapagliflozin is effective in the treatment of patients with T2DM, as it significantly improves pancreatic islets β-cell function, blood glucose and lipid metabolism, and reduces body weight. Future studies using larger sample size and diverse study centers are recommended prior to application in clinical practice.
Effect of continuous blood purification combined with reduced glutathione on endotoxin, inflammatory mediators and severity of liver injury in patients with septic shock
Authors: Liu Run , Meng Yunxia
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the impact of continuous blood purification in conjunction with reduced glutathione on endotoxin levels, inflammatory mediators and the severity of liver injury in septic shock patients.
Methods: A cohort of 100 septic shock patients admitted at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, China between May 2020 and May 2023 were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into study and control groups, each comprising 50 patients. Both groups received standard interventions. In addition, control group underwent continuous blood purification, while study group received reduced glutathione therapy for two weeks. Acute physiology score + age point + chronic health point (APACHE II) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores, intensive care unit (ICU) and mechanical ventilation duration, oxygenation levels, 28-day mortality, organ injury, serum endotoxin levels, inflammatory markers, as well as serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate aminotransferase (ALT) levels were determined before and after treatment. Adverse events during treatment were documented.
Results: Both groups exhibited a significant decrease in APACHE II and SOFA scores, with greater decreases observed in study group (p < 0.05). The study group had shorter ICU stays and mechanical ventilation durations. The groups had no significant differences in 28-day mortality or organ injury (p > 0.05). Study group demonstrated significantly lower levels of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), procalcitoninogen (PCT), ALT and AST in comparison to control group (p < 0.05). Adverse reactions were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Combining continuous blood purification with reduced glutathione therapy reduces endotoxin and inflammatory mediator levels, mitigates liver injury and supports patient recovery in septic shock, with a favorable safety profile. Future studies to accommodate the diverse profiles of septic shock patients from multiple centers will be needed to validate the outcomes of this study.
Effects of path based oral care combined with compound chlorhexidine gargle on oral hygiene, comfort and intubation related complications in ICU patients undergoing tracheal intubation
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Shuang , Qiao Shuang , Liu Xiaoqian , Zhang Yingli , Zhang Yueyu
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To assess the effect of path-based oral care combined with compound chlorhexidine gargle on oral hygiene, comfort and intubation-related complications in patients in intensive care unit (ICU) undergoing tracheal intubation.
Methods: One hundred and fifty intensive care unit patients receiving tracheal intubation at Shanghai East Hospital ICU, Shanghai, China were split into study group (routine chlorhexidine gargle 0.2 % with additional path-based oral care) and control group (routine chlorhexidine gargle 0.2 %). This approach was evaluated for its impact on intubation-related complications. Oral health and care effects were assessed before and after a 14-day nursing period. Comparisons were made between the groups for oral cleanliness, mucosa state and odontopathy, Beck and VAS scores, oral odor, inflammation proportions, and post-nursing complications.
Results: Before nursing, there was no significant difference in oral health status and oral care between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, after nursing, scores of oral health status and indices increased and decreased in both groups, respectively. The scores for oral health status in the study group were significantly higher than those in control group, while the scores of the oral study indices were significantly lower than those in control group (p < 0.05). After nursing, however, the proportions of patients with oral odor and oral inflammation and the incidence of intubation-related complications in the study group were lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Path-based oral care combined with compound chlorhexidine gargle improves oral care effect and comfort, and reduces the incidence of intubation-related complications in ICU patients undergoing tracheal intubation. This study will need to be conducted in a larger population in the future to validate these findings.
Neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser vitreolysis versus oral iodized lecithin tablets for the management of symptomatic vitreous opacities
Authors: Yang Mochi , Chen Zichang , Wang Jinxing , Zhang Hongli , Tang Xuemin , Ma Yaling
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the comparative therapeutic effectiveness and safety of neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser vitreolysis and oral iodized lecithin tablets in treating symptomatic vitreous opacities caused by posterior vitreous detachment.
Methods: 111 patients admitted to the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University China were enrolled and randomly assigned to study and control groups. The study group comprised 56 patients (58 eyes) undergoing YAG laser treatment while control group comprised 55 patients (60 eyes) taking oral iodized lecithin tablets. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, intraocular pressure (IOP), macular central fovea thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, efficacy rates, and vitreous opacity scores were assessed in both groups before and after treatment, with follow-up at intervals.
Results: No significant changes were seen in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) within or between groups after treatment. Contrast sensitivity in the study group improved significantly (p < 0.05), while control group showed no improvement. The study group also exhibited significantly higher post-treatment contrast sensitivity compared to control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, laser group displayed a significantly higher effectiveness in subjective scores (p < 0.01), while objective vitreous opacity scores differed significantly before and after treatment in both groups (p < 0.01), with intergroup differences also significant (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the study group reported better subjective outcomes and objective vitreous opacity scores after treatment (p < 0.01). There were no significant adverse reactions in either group.
Conclusion: The findings show that Nd: YAG laser vitreolysis demonstrates superior efficacy compared to oral iodized lecithin tablets for treating symptomatic vitreous opacities, with no significant adverse effects. Future studies should employ a larger sample size with long-follow-up periods
Challenges in chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) management: A systematic review
Authors: Badarudin Nurul Suhaida , Shah Noraida Mohamed , Ismail Fuad , Islahudin Farida , Tahir Nurul Ain Mohd
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To systematically evaluate evidence regarding the barriers and challenges associated with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).
Methods: The databases Pubmed, Ovid, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online, and Web of Science were searched using the following keywords: challenges, prevention, CINV, chemotherapy and their corresponding alternative keywords. This review included all studies involving adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy exclusively, the caretaker, and healthcare professionals handling cancer patients, without geographical restriction. The articles used were in English language and were original primary studies. The data extraction form was developed based on PRISMA guide. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the studies.
Results: From 1,170 related articles retrieved, 38 were included in this review of which 9 articles were from European countries while 7 were from the United States of America. All articles met the criterion of the JBI critical appraisal. The reviews indicated that the barriers and challenges reported in the management of CINV would include failure to adhere to the antiemetic guideline, misconception about CINV and its prevention, and nausea and delayed CINV.
Conclusion: Interventions such as enhancing nausea and delayed vomiting control, raising awareness of antiemetic guidelines among healthcare professionals, and dispelling misconceptions need to be planned and implemented to overcome the barriers and challenges and improve the quality of CINV management.
A study on the mechanism of cordycepin in regulating autophagy and alleviating renal tubular interstitial fibrosis
Authors: Sun Ke , Fan Zhenliang , Fan Junfeng
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To elucidate the role of cordycepin in modulating autophagy and mitigating renal tubular interstitial fibrosis in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).
Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to four groups: control, sham, UUO and cordyceps-treated groups (10 rats per group). The UUO and cordyceps groups underwent surgery to induce unilateral ureteral obstruction. The cordyceps group received intravenous cordycepin (10 mg/kg) daily for 14 days, while the control and UUO groups received normal saline. Histopathological examination, assessment of fibrosis markers (α-SMA, collagen III) and autophagy markers (Atg5, LC3II/I) were conducted.
Results: The UUO group exhibited significant tubular damage and interstitial fibrosis, with elevated serum levels of pro-inflammatory and oxidative markers (p < 0.05). Cordycepin treatment attenuated these pathological changes, evidenced by reduced fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Enhanced autophagic activity was observed in the cordycepin group, suggesting a potential mechanism of its renoprotective effect.
Conclusion: Cordyceps is effective in inhibiting renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, potentially through the activation of autophagy and reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. Future studies should focus on unraveling the specific molecular mechanisms of cordycepin's action and assessing its applicability in CKD treatment.
Effect of J147 on irritable bowel syndrome mouse: Involvement of 5-HT1A-dependent PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Kaiping , Bao Yuyan , Qi Guoli , Lin Zhenjian , Zhou Jie , Zhang Xiaomin
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To determine the effect of J147 on depression, anxiety, and gut malfunction triggered by stress in a mouse model exhibiting symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Methods: An IBS mouse model was established by chronic/acute combined stress and housed individually. The stressed mouse was exposed to 21 consecutive days of random chronic unpredictable stress and received 3 h of acute restraint stress on day 2. Forced swimming test (FST) and elevated plus-maze test were used to evaluate depressive and anxiety behaviour, respectively. The intestinal motility and visceral sensitivity of mouse were measured by abdominal withdrawal reflex test (AWR). Also, 8-OH-DPAT (a 5-HT1A receptor agonist) and NAN-190 hydrobromide (a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist) were used in combination with different doses of J147 (2 and 10 mg/kg) for three weeks and AWR test was done. Furthermore, IBS-related protein expression (PKA, pCREB, BDNF) in the hippocampus, colon and ileum was determined by western blotting.
Results: After CACS induction, mice showed depression/anxiety-like behaviour along with intestinal allergy, and altered levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in both the hippocampus and gut. Furthermore, J147 significantly alleviated depression, anxiety, intestinal motility disorders, and intestinal hypersensitivity. Additionally, it normalized abnormal levels of brain-gut 5-HT neurotransmitters observed in IBS mice. Pre-treatment with NAN-190 reversed the effect of J147, whereas the addition of 8-OH-DPAT, augmented the effect of low dose J147 (2 mg/kg) on behavioural abnormalities associated with CACS. Furthermore, J147 significantly increased expression levels of IBS-related proteins in the hippocampus, and decreased their levels in the ileum and colon.
Conclusion: J147 inhibits IBS-like depression, anxiety, and visceral hypersensitivity by modulating the 5-HT1A-dependent PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway. Thus, there is need for further studies on the development of J147 in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
Efficacy and safety of Qishen Yiqi drop pill for coronary heart disease: An overview of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Jingwen , Zhang Chaorong , Chen Xiaohui , Yan Jiaqi , Zhu Wanwen , Jin Lili , Yu Weiqing
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate current pieces of evidence on Qishen Yiqi drop pill (QSYQ) in coronary heart disease (CHD).
Methods: All systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (Mas) on QSYQ for CHD were collected by searching six databases and evaluated using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2). The grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system was applied to assess the quality of outcomes.
Results: Five SRs/MAs were analyzed and twenty-four outcome indicators were reported. The AMSTAR 2 revealed that 3 (12.5 %) of the outcome indicators were of moderate quality, 6 (25 %) were of low quality, and 15 (62.5 %) were of deficient quality. Five SRs/MAs (80 %) described adverse reactions, with two reporting no significant adverse reactions and two reporting minor adverse reactions (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Combining QSYQ with conventional therapy improves CHD patients' electrocardiogram and overall health outcomes. Future high-quality clinical trials and standardized study methods are needed to further investigate the safety of QSYQ.
Effect of Calotropis procera extract against Eimeria piriformis oocyst- and sporozoite-infected rabbits
Authors: Murshed Mutee , AL-Tamimi Jameel , Aljawdah Hossam , Mares Mohammed , Al-Quraishy Saleh
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) extract on Eimeria piriformis (E. piriformis) oocysts and sporozoites (coccidiosis) isolated from commercial rabbits.
Methods: Calotropis procera extract was obtained from dried, pulverized leaves, and macerated in 80 % methanol for 30 h. The extract was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy (IR). Twelve-well plates of 3 mL containing 1 x 104 non-sporulated oocyst were tested in 6 groups: Negative (untreated) control received 2.5 % potassium dichromate solution. Other groups received four concentrations of C. procera leaf extract (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL) for oocysts vitality test. Toltrazuril (25 µl/mL) was used as positive control. Moreover, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 μg/mL of C. procera extract were tested for sporozoites vitality test. The mixture was examined daily for 4 days for oocysts vitality and after 12 and 24 h for sporozoite vitality.
Results: Findings of IR showed that extracts contained 5 biologically active chemical components, indicating the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenols. The extract showed a significant inhibitory effect on E. piriformis oocysts at 100 mg/mL with suppression rates of approximately 89 % after 96 h, nearly similar to toltrazuril (p ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, C. procera extract showed inhibition at the highest repression (p ≤ 0.01) of 89 % of E. piriformis sporozoites viability at 1000 µg/mL after 24 h. The inhibitory rate increased proportionately with an extended incubation duration and high concentration.
Conclusion: C. procera extract is as effective as the positive control in treating coccidiosis in rabbits. However, further studies are necessary to determine the active constituents of C. procera and their mode(s) of action.
Oral acute toxicity of pericarp extract from Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxh) Leenh in rats
Authors: Konsue Ampa , Maneechai Suthira , Luang-In Vijitra , Butkhup Luchai , Katisart Teeraporn
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the acute toxicity of Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxh.) Leenh. (Sapindaceae) pericarp extract in rats.
Methods: A total of 25 male and female rats were orally administered the extract at different doses (5, 50, 300 and 2,000 mg/kg) while control rats received distilled water. The body weights were recorded weekly for 2 weeks. After administration, the relative organ weights were calculated and the hematological values and biochemical examination including lipid profiles, and liver and kidney function parameters were measured from fasting blood samples collected by cardiac puncture. Liver and kidney tissue of rats were collected by abdomen dissection after 2 weeks of the experiment for histological study.
Results: At all doses tested, the extract neither caused death in rats nor were there signs of toxicity within 24 h in the first instance and after 14 days. There was significant increase in the mean weekly weights of rats (p < 0.05) but did not affect relative organ weight. The morphology of blood cells showed no abnormalities suggesting that the extract had no acute toxic effect on the circulatory system of the rats that received the extract even at the highest dose of 2,000 mg/kg. The rats did not experience changes in the histological characteristics of the liver. It is thus been proposed that the extract has no liver toxicity. There was no significant change in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (p < 0.05) and no changes in the histological features of the kidneys were observed.
Conclusion: The extract is safe at all tested doses and is devoid of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and abnormalities in the circulatory system.
Efficacy of oral calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 granules for the management of pains in growing limbs in children
Authors: Wang Yibing , Cui Jian , Zhang Nan , Zhang Xuteng , Li Zhengqiang , Zheng Xinghui , Bu Jianli
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 granules in bone density and growing limbs in children.
Methods: One hundred children with pains in growing limbs were recruited as the study group, juxtaposed with a blank group  comprised of 100 healthy children with no pains. Both groups underwent physical examinations at Bethune International Peace Hospital,  Shijiazhuang City, China during the study period. Children in the study group were further randomized into treatment group (n = 50)  which received orally administered calcium carbonate (500 mg) and vitamin D3 granules (35 μg) once daily for 3 months and control  group (n = 50) without treatment intervention. Bone density, pain severity, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D), calcium, and  phosphorus levels were determined in all groups.
Results: There was no significant difference in serum calcium, phosphorus, and bone  density Z-scores in the study and control groups (p > 0.05). Also, the presence of pains in growing limbs of children was associated with  significantly lower serum levels of 25-(OH)D (p < 0.05), but treatment with calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 granules significantly  ameliorated pain (p < 0.05). After treatment, children who received calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 granules exhibited significantly  higher bone density Zscores, with higher scores observed in those with effective treatment outcomes compared to those with ineffective  outcomes (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Pains in growing limbs of children are associated with serum 25-(OH)D levels. Oral administration of  calcium carbonate and vitamin D3 granules significantly alleviates the severity of pains and improves bone density. Further studies using  larger patient populations and multi-racial centers will be needed to consider potential factors such as genetic and environmental that  may have an impact on the study outcomes.
Regulatory mechanism of lncRNA miR143HG in miR-504 and its effect on proliferation and apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Li Zhe , Liu Jinhua , Zhu Yingqun , Cai Qian
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the expression and functional role of miR143HG in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its effect on human  lung adenocarcinoma cell behavior.
Methods: Differential expression of miR143HG between NSCLC tissues and healthy counterparts was identified through bioinformatic analysis. Subsequently, this expression difference in A549 and BEAS2B cells was validated using  quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Overexpression of miR143HG in A549 cells was achieved through liposome-mediated  transfection, while cell proliferation as well as apoptosis levels were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, and protein blotting. Expression of miR-504 (predicted as a target of miR143HG) was determined. Furthermore, A549 cells that overexpress  both miR143HG and miR-504 were generated for comparison with cells overexpressing only miR143HG.
Results: Compared to BEAS-2B  cells, A549 cells showed significantly reduced miR143HG and elevated miR-504 levels (p < 0.05). In A549 cells with miR143HG  overexpression, cell proliferation and miR-504 expression significantly reduced while pro-apoptotic proteins (BAX, p53) significantly  increased (p < 0.05). Simultaneous overexpression of miR143HG and miR-504 in A549 cells counteracted the effect of miR143HG alone,  thus enhancing proliferation and diminishing pro-apoptotic protein expression, similar to control.
Conclusion: Downregulation of  MiR143HG occurs in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Upregulation of MiR143HG impedes A549 cell proliferation, promotes apoptosis  through pro-apoptotic protein modulation and suppresses miR-504. Co-overexpression of miR143HG and miR-504 reverses these effects,  resembling control conditions. Thus, miR143HG exerts its anti-cancer effect in A549 cells by modulating miR-504 and activating p53  pathway.
Factors influencing bone metastasis in HER-2 negative breast cancer and the efficacy of capecitabine plus docetaxel
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Tianzuo , Gao Yan , Hu Yapeng , Zhao Jingjing , Yuan Chunluan
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The clinical data of HER-2 negative breast cancer patients were analyzed to investigate factors that influence bone metastasis.
Methods: A total of 754 HER-2 negative breast cancer patients composed of the bone metastasis (237 patients) and non-bone metastasis  (481 patients) group, were retrospectively and systematically evaluated for their clinicopathological characteristics, treatment modalities  and their influencing factors. Both groups were administered a combined treatment of capecitabine and docetaxel and the statistical association between these factors and the development of bone metastases was investigated. Primary tumor location was identified  through imaging while the hormone receptor status and tumour molecular classification were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC)  on tumor samples and protein expression/genetic profiling, respectively.
Results: A significant difference was seen between the groups  in terms of T-stage, N-stage, hormone receptors, tumour molecular classification, axillary lymph node metastasis and quality of life scores (FACT-B) after combined therapy with capecitabine plus docetaxel (p < 0.05), while statistical significance was absent in terms of age and  location of the primary site (p > 0.05). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed that high T-stage, Luminal A molecular staging  and the occurrence of axillary lymph node metastases were all risk factors for bone metastases in HER-2 negative breast cancer patients  (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Combined therapy with capecitabine and docetaxel is effective in the treatment of bone metastases in patients  with HER-2 negative breast cancer. A more comprehensive study involving a larger population of diverse patients will be conducted in the  future to provide more reliable clinical data.