bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Special Aspects of Hair Transplantation
Authors: Stough D. Bluford
Published: May 2014

The desire for an improvement in appearance and the strong emphasis currently placed on contemporary hair styles for men, have increased the number of requests for hair transplants during the past decade. Esthetics is probably the strongest motivation.
Cryo Corner: The Measurement of Low Frequency Electrical Impedance as a Guide to Effective Cryosurgery
Authors: Le Pivert Patrick J.
Published: May 2014

Cryo Corner is a new feature we have instituted that will present original observations and clinical applications of cryosurgical techniques of interest to the dermatologist. We welcome submission of such material for possible publication. All correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Zacarian, the feature editor, 50 Maple Street, Springfield, Ma. 01103.
Cryosurgical Treatment of Epitheliomas Using the Cone‐Spray Technique
Authors: Torre Douglas
Published: May 2014

By use of cone‐shaped devices to confine liquid nitrogen spray to a restricted area on the skin surface, it is practical to treat selected epitheliomas without the aid of thermocouples. “Depth dose” is estimated by measuring the lateral spread of freezing on the surface beyond the restricted area, timing the duration of freeze, and from this information calculating the depth of freeze and the relationship of various isotherms (such as the −25° C isotherm) with the frozen mass.
Treatment of Basal‐Cell Carcinomas by a Combination of Curettage and Cryosurgery
Authors: Spiller William F. , Spiller Rachel F.
Published: May 2014

A method of treatment of basal‐cell carcinomas by removing the bulk of the tumor by curettage and then treating the base and edges by cryosurgery is described, its indications discussed, and preliminary results presented.
The Management of Pressure Sores
Authors: El‐Toraei I. , Chung B.
Published: May 2014

The authors review their clinical experience in diagnosis and management of over 2,500 cases of pressure sores, of which more than half (1,351) required surgical operations. Pressure sores have been classified in 4 grades, a classification that the authors believe is helpful in planning treatment. Different conservative regimens of management are given. Surgical procedures are given in some detail and specific operations are tabulated. Pre‐ and postoperative management is especially stressed.
Extirpation of Warts by a Loop Electrode and Cutting Current
Authors: Wyre H.W. , Stolar Robert
Published: May 2014

Warts are a common dermatologic problem. Electrodesiccation has been the recommended surgical approach for therapy. An alternate method utilizing a wire loop electrode and cutting current is presented. The authors feel it is the surgical treatment of choice for most warts.
Acanthoma Fissuratum Cutis: Report of a Case and a Review of Previous Cases
Authors: Wilkin Jonathan K.
Published: May 2014

Acanthoma fissuratum cutis is a benign cutaneous lesion apparently caused by constant minor trauma. In the case here reported it seemed to have been caused by poorly fitting spectacles. Since a lesion of this type may be mistaken for a basal‐cell epithelioma, its accurate diagnosis will spare the patient needless surgery and expense.
Pigmentary Correction of Piebaldism by Autografts: I. Procedures and Clinical Findings
Authors: Selmanowitz Victor J. , Rabinowitz Asher D. , Orentreich Norman , Wenk Eugene
Published: May 2014

Full‐thickness and epidermal autografts of normally pigmented skin were transplanted within hypopigmented areas in each of two patients with piebaldism. Full‐thickness punch grafts 2 to 4 mm in size retained their pigmentation (donor dominance) and within 4 months pigment was found to have spread around them. Within a year, melanization covered roughly triple the diameter of the grafts (or 9 times their areas) and then came to a standstill. Epidermal grafts (about 12 mm in diameter) healed with no visible scars at either donor or recipient sites. These grafts, too, retained their pigmentation, but no pigment was seen to spread from them in 8 months of observation. Controls of hypopigmented, full‐thickness autografts placed into comparable hypopigmented areas showed either no change or but slight pigmentation along the rim of the graft and no spread of pigment.
The Many Faces of Basal‐Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wade Thomas R. , Ackerman A. Bernard
Published: May 2014

This is the first of a series of contributions by Doctors Thomas Wade and A. Bernard Ackerman on typical, common and variant expressions of cutaneous malformations and neoplasms. Many skin diseases have uniform or exceedingly characteristic histologic appearances, but even those that ordinarily have pathognomonic histologic characteristics often enough have variant appearances that may cause confusion and may lead to diagnostic and, consequently therapeutic, error. The purpose of this series of presentations, then, will be to illustrate and notate the typical, the common, and the many variants of histologic patterns and findings that may be seen in several dysplasias and neoplasias.
Microscopically Controlled Excision of Malignant Neoplasms on and around Eyelids Followed by Immediate Surgical Reconstruction
Authors: Ceilley Roger I. , Anderson Richard L.
Published: May 2014

Mohs' fresh‐tissue technique of ablating malignant neoplasms is a highly reliable, yet conservative method of treating cutaneous cancers. Removal of such lesions on eyelids by this technique, followed by immediate reconstruction is a most efficacious way to manage them. Forty‐seven cases of recurrent, invasive, or large carcinomas on eyelids and canthi were excised by this method followed by immediate reconstruction. The excisions were done by dermatologists specializing in Mohs' techniques and the reconstruction by an oculoplastic surgeon. The advantages of the combined procedures are: 1) high cure rate, 2) conservation of tissue, 3) reduced operating time, and 4) maximum utilization of specialized competence.
Suturing Techniques for Dermatologic Surgery
Authors: Stegman Samuel J.
Published: May 2014

Various suture techniques that are commonly used in dermatologic surgery are discussed and illustrated. They are applicable to operations as simple as closure of elliptical excisions and as complex as cosmetic surgery.
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Authors: Mikhail George R. , Lynn Bruce H.
Published: May 2014

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a well‐differentiated sarcoma that rarely metastasizes but is characterized by a high recurrence rate. This is due to clinically undetectable, microscopic extensions into the surrounding dermis. Chemosurgery (Mohs) is effective in the ablation of this tumor because the extensions can be identified and eradicated.
So‐Called Cellulite: An Invented Disease
Authors: Nürnberger F. , Müller G.
Published: May 2014

The anatomic basis of so‐called cellulite, the hormonal basis for the clinical condition, the prevalence of it, the essential normality and inevitability of it in women, the supervention of it in hormonally feminized men, and the near futility of treating the non‐disease are explored in this paper.
The Glucagonoma Syndrome
Authors: Shupack Jerome L. , Berczeller Peter H. , Stevens Dwight M.
Published: May 2014

The glucagonoma syndrome is characterized by necrolytic migratory erythema, glossitis, ungual dystrophy, diabetes mellitus, anemia, weight loss, elevated plasma glucagon levels and an alpha‐cell glucagon‐secreting neoplasm of the pancreas. We are reporting a case of this syndrome in a middle‐aged woman, in whom the first complaints and signs were cutaneous. The recognition of the distinctive skin manifestations of the syndrome led to early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying malignant pancreatic tumor.
Basal‐Cell Carcinomas in the Center of the Face: Special Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Considerations
Authors: Mora Ricardo G. , Robins Perry
Published: May 2014

In a review of 848 successive cases of basal‐cell carcinomas treated during 1976 in the Chemosurgery Unit of the New York University Medical Center by far most were found on the face and scalp (751/848 = 88.6%), and those in the triangle of the face formed by lines drawn from the outer canthi to the philtrum of the upper lip that includes the nose and its alae accounted for more than one‐third of the entire number (316/848 = 37.2%) or two‐fifths (316/764 = 41.4%) of those on the head and neck. Further analysis of our data showed the basal‐cell carcinomas in the center of the face tended to be more invasive, more destructive, more recurrent, and more difficult to treat than were those in other sites. The reasons for seriousness and difficulty in management of basal‐cell carcinomas and special diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic considerations pertaining to them are illustrated by representative case reports.
Hamartomatous Basal‐Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hamilton Douglas G. , Zeitlin Arthur P.
Published: May 2014

A 25‐year‐old woman developed a basal‐cell carcinoma in the skin over the right scapula. The histopathology of the lesion revealed elements of typical basal‐cell carcinoma as well as adenoid, trichoepitheliomatous, and ductal differentiation. Hamartomatous basal‐cell carcinoma is a rare variant of ordinary basal‐cell car cinoma as well as adenoid, trichoepitheliomatous, and viduals. It is a less aggressive neoplasm and may remain stationary for years. Its recognition as an entity brings awareness that basal‐cell carcinomas sometimes occur in young persons.
Classification of Keloids
Authors: Onwukwe MBA F.
Published: May 2014

A classification of keloids based on location of the keloid, infection, sex incidence, and heredity, is presented.
Electron‐Beam Therapy for Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Nisce Lourdes Z. , Safai Bijan , Kim Jae Ho
Published: May 2014

The lesions of mycosis fungoides are radiosensitive and because extensive areas of the body are usually involved, the treatment of choice is with the electron beam. Since 1971, a fractionation scheme of weekly doses for irradiation of the entire skin surface has been practiced with a 6 MeV linear accelerator that generates 3.5 MeV electrons. One hundred and five patients were treated in this way by delivering 400 rads once weekly for six consecutive weeks. All patients enjoyed complete disappearance of the skin lesions at once. Of the 62 patients whom we were able to follow‐up after electron‐beam therapy, for periods ranging from one to nearly seven years (median, two years), the duration of remission was one‐half to nearly five and a half years (median, one and one‐half years). The treatment was well tolerated and no unusual skin reactions or hematopoietic depression occurred.
Radiotherapy of Benign Dermatoses: Indications, Practice, and Results
Authors: Lukacs Stefan , Braun‐Falco Otto , Goldschmidt Herbert
Published: May 2014

Limited indications for radiation treatment of benign dermatoses are presented in order to emphasize modern restrictions and techniques in the use of dermatologic radiation therapy and to promote measures of protection against stray radiation. The use of softer, less penetrating X rays, least effective doses and meticulous shielding are recommended. So done, radiation therapy offers an effective therapeutic alternative for conditions that do not respond to other forms of treatment.
Beads of a Dextran Polymer for the Local Treatment of Cutaneous Ulcers
Authors: Pace William E.
Published: May 2014

A new polymer of dextran in the form of beads, 0.1 to 0.3 mm in diameter, was applied topically to 39 cutaneous ulcers of various causes. The material, which is powerfully hydrophilic, promptly absorbed serous and purulent exudate from the surfaces of the ulcers. This action decreased the bacterial load and prevented crust formation. Healthy granulation tissue then developed quickly in many ulcers and healing time seemed to be shorter in some cases. The exudate‐absorbing capability of the beads of dextran was particularly beneficial in ulcers that had uneven surfaces, undercut margins, and sinus tracts. Complete healing was achieved in some of these cases that had previously resisted many kinds of treatment. The most important undesirable effect of the beads of dextran is their tendency to dehydrate the bases of ulcers too much, which slows or stops healing in some cases. This effect may be overcome by alternating applications of the material with hydrating forms of treatment or changing entirely to such treatment when applications of the beads has removed all exudate from the ulcers. No allergic, irritant, or toxic reaction from the dextran was encountered.
Treatment of Complicated Cutaneous Malignant Neoplasms by Modern Radiotherapy: Principles, Practice, and Results
Authors: Farina Anthony , Leider Morris
Published: May 2014

The indispensability of modern radiotherapy for certain complicated cases of cutaneous malignant neoplasms is demonstrated by a review of its principles and demonstration of results achieved by its practice in five representative cases.
Dermabrasion by Diamond Fraises Revolving at 85,000 Revolutions per Minute
Authors: Fulton James E.
Published: May 2014

Use of a high‐speed, air‐driven turbo‐grinder equipped with diamond fraises that revolve at 85,000 revolutions per minute has improved results in dermabrasions on the face by, it is estimated, 50%. Dermabrasions have been done with this turbo‐grinder for scarring from acne, actinic damage, syringomata, lesions of adenoma sebaceum and some other facial conditions. The rapid evaporation, noninflammability, nonnarcotic, and excellent freezing properties of Freon 12® eliminate the necessity for auxiliary cooling fans. It is thought too that the incidence of secondary infections and keloids have been decreased by use of an ointment of erythromycin (1%) topically during the healing period.
Therapeutic Vascular Occlusion
Authors: Berenstein Alex , Kricheff Irvin I.
Published: May 2014

Therapeutic vascular occlusion has been developed to a practicable point by now. The materials used and methods practiced in the Department of Radiology of the New York University School of Medicine are presented in detail.
Hemangiosarcoma Subsequent to Radiotherapy for a Hemangioma in Infancy
Authors: Bennett Richard G. , Keller James W. , Ditty Jack F.
Published: May 2014

A case is presented of a 31‐year‐old white man who developed a hemangiosarcoma in the very place where 30 years ago a hemangioma had been treated by radiotherapy. The rarity of such an occurrence is attested to by the fact that only two similar cases were found in the English medical literature.
Regeneration of Axillary Hair and Related Phenomena After Removal of Deep Dermal and Subcutaneous Tissue by a Special “Shaving” Technique
Authors: Inaba Masumi , Anthony Joseph , Ezaki Tetsuo , Mackinstry Chieko
Published: May 2014

A subcutaneous tissue “shaver” was used in the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis. Regeneration of axillary hair was observed postoperatively even if subcutaneous tissue and dermis were removed almost up to the level of sebaceous ducts. Hair regenerated more often in male patients whose sebaceous glands and follicular isthmus were designedly left intact than in female patients whose sebaceous glands were designedly removed completely. Some function of apocrine and eccrine glands tends to return over a two‐year period.
Desmoplastic Malignant Melanoma: Study of a Case by Light and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Valensi Quentin J.
Published: May 2014

This article is a study by light and electron microscopy of a case of desmoplastic malignant melanoma that attempts to resolve the conflict in views regarding the nature of the cells responsible for the desmoplasia associated with this clinico‐pathologic entity. On the basis of evidence presented, it is concluded that the cells are dedifferentiated cells of the malignant melanoma with fibroblastic features and probably fibroblastic functions rather than host‐engendered fibroblasts in response to invasive melanoma. The evidence consists of the finding of macular desmosomes between those cells, a feature previously noted in amelanotic and melanotic melanomas, the finding of others by electron microscopy of fibroblast‐like cells in spindle‐cell squamous carcinomas, and the finding by light microscopy of features of vascular invasion of the malignancy. That the diagnosis of this variant of malignant melanoma by pattern can be made by light microscopy is reaffirmed.
The Combined Use of Cryosurgery and Intralesional Injections of Suspensions of Fluorinated Adrenocorticosteroids for Reducing Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars
Authors: Ceilley Roger I. , Babin R. W.
Published: May 2014

Freezing with liquid nitrogen in the conventional manner of cryosurgery followed immediately by injection of a suspension of a fluorinated adrenocorticosteroid is an effective way of treating keloids and hypertrophic scars. Details of the method are given.
Dermatologic Quiz
Authors: Ramsay David L.
Published: May 2014

This is a new section that will appear regularly in the Journal. It is designed to serve as a means of self‐testing of what has been gleaned from articles that have appeared in the Journal. Authors whose articles have been accepted by the Journal are requested to frame several questions on them. The quiz is based upon these questions and consists of ten, singleresponse, multiple‐choice questions. Answers and references are to be found on page 156.
Complications of Implantation of Synthetic Fibers into Scalps for “Hair” Replacement: Experience with Fourteen Cases
Authors: Lepaw Marvin I.
Published: May 2014

Fourteen cases of complications from implantation of acrylic fibers into scalps for correction of male‐pattern baldness were studied. The complications were severe enough in all of them to force attempts to remove the fibers, many of which from the nature of their knotted insertion could not be extracted. Thus, immediate complications were encountered and serious, delayed, bad effects are anticipated. Among the early complications already observed are marked edema of the face; hemorrhagic oozing; microbial infection; foreign‐body reactions; scarring; acneform comedones and pustules; pain, pruritus, and numbness; and loss of natural hair. Complications in the future are likely to be progressive sclerosis from irretrievable fragments and knots of the artificial materials and conceivably malignant degeneration of tissues of the scalp. For all of these known and possible bad effects, implantation of present‐day synthetic fibers into the scalp must be judged to be a dangerous practice that must be stopped at once.
Supervention of a Pigmented Basal‐Cell Carcinoma upon a Nevus Sebaceus
Authors: Braitman Max
Published: May 2014

A case is reported of a deeply pigmented, pedunculated mass that developed upon a verrucous nevus. Biopsy proved the combined lesion to be a pigmented basal‐cell carcinoma upon a nevus sebaceus. The carcinoma was completely contained in the biopsy and the nevus sebaceus it sprang from was ablated by surgical excision. Modern experience and management of such cases are reviewed briefly.
Benign Follicular Neoplasias
Authors: Rahbari Homayoon , Mehregan Amir H.
Published: May 2014

The generality of benign epithelial neoplasias of follicular origin or with differentiation toward follicular structures is briefly reviewed. Recently delineated examples of this group are more extensively discussed.
Chemosurgery for Verrucous Carcinoma
Authors: Mohs Frederic E. , Sahl William J.
Published: May 2014

The first cases of verrucous carcinoma treated by chemosurgery are herewith reported. We classify verrucous carcinoma in variants according to site as pan‐oral, genito‐gluteal, and plantar. Chemosurgery is advocated as the treatment of choice for verrucous carcinoma because ablation, being microscopically monitored, is most likely to be complete, and because by this means maximal conservation of tissue is assured.
An Improved Method of Closure of Donor Sites in Hair Transplantation
Authors: Pierce Harold E.
Published: May 2014

A modification of a method previously reported is herein described as particularly good for closure of donor sites in hair transplantation. When properly performed it defies detection even by the most observant of barbers.
Strip and Punch Grafting for Alopecia of the Eyebrow
Authors: Lewis Leonard A. , Resnik Sorrel S.
Published: May 2014

Lack of eyebrows is bound to be distressing to both men and women. Corrective measures by punch or strip grafts of hair‐bearing skin from the scalp are possible and produce a pleasing cosmetic result. The techniques of both procedures are described.
Wound Healing: A Review: III. Nutritional Factors Affecting Wound Healing
Authors: Pollack Sheldon V.
Published: May 2014

Wound healing proceeds more efficiently and quickly in well‐nourished individuals who are in good general health at the time that they have to undergo surgery. Per contra, individuals who are malnourished and chronically ill heal less well and are in general at greater risk of complications during and after surgery. For the latter, elective surgery may be deferred until nutritional improvement is attained, but for emergency or urgent operations, institution of measures promoting good nutrition has to be concurrent with necessitous surgery and continued postoperatively. In this paper, the importance to wound healing of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and trace elements and minerals is reviewed.
Basal‐Cell Carcinoma in the Youthful: Report of a Case in a Young Woman*
Authors: Horay Pascal , Duperrat‐Noury Gabrielle , Puissant Antoine
Published: May 2014

A rare instance of the spontaneous development of a basal‐cell carcinoma in front of the tragus in a young person of 19 years and its management are described.
Eosinophilie Fasciitis: A Problem in Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Robinson June K.
Published: May 2014

Seven clinical criteria and corroborative findings from a properly taken biopsy are necessary for the diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis. A properly taken biopsy for eosinophilic fasciitis must be to muscle. The technique of taking a specimen of tissue to muscle depth is described.
Complex Radiotherapeutic Techniques Required in the Management of Certain Cutaneous Malignancies
Authors: Cooper Jay S. , Alderman Stephen J.
Published: May 2014

Complex radiotherapeutic techniques are occasionally required in the management of certain cutaneous malignancies. This report cites two clinical conditions and their circumstances for which such techniques were applicable, and illustrates the results obtained.
Techniques of Biopsy of Cutaneous Neoplasms
Authors: Bart Robert S. , Kopf Alfred W.
Published: May 2014

General principles of biopsy technique of cutaneous malignancies are given and specific techniques are described in detail for lesions of different types. Schematic drawings further elucidate subtleties not easily put into words.
The Preauricular Site for Donor Grafts of Skin: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Caveats
Authors: Field Lawrence M.
Published: May 2014

Several donor sites may be considered to obtain grafts for large defects on the nose. Preauricular skin is excellent for small and large grafts for nasal reconstructions, but the facial nerve is at risk of injury from operations in this site. A case is described in which reconstruction of the nose after ablation of an extensive recurrent basal‐cell carcinoma required the taking of a large graft of preauricular skin and in which complications ensued. These complications happily resolved, in part spontaneously and in part by practice of judicious conservative measures. The final result was gratifying.
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus, Multiple Dysplastic Keratoses, and Squamous‐Cell Carcinoma of the Glans Penis
Authors: Weigand Dennis A.
Published: May 2014

A man who had been circumcised in adulthood developed, in sequence, balanitis xerotica obliterans (lichen sclerosus et atrophicus), multiple dysplastic keratoses, and a superficial, well‐differentiated squamous‐cell carcinoma on the glans penis. Squamous‐cell carcinoma that develops after circumcision in adulthood tends to be more aggressive in biologic behavior and more malignant‐looking in histology. Cancer developing within lesions of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus has been reported rarely.
Cutaneous Metastases from a Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Hamilton Douglas
Published: May 2014

A 56‐year‐old man developed several deep cutaneous nodules in the pelvic area and on the upper extremities, trunk, and scalp. Biopsy revealed cutaneous metastases from a follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, for which the patient had been treated two and one‐half years previously.
Nitrous Oxide‐Oxygen Analgesia in Dermatologic Surgery
Authors: Maloney J. Michael
Published: May 2014

Nitrous oxide‐oxygen analgesia is a safe and effective means of abating pain and anxiety. It is applicable to a wide range of patients and procedures, has minimal side effects, and minimizes need for additional sedation. Determination of its ultimate usefulness and practicality in dermatologic surgery requires controlled clinical trials.
Implantation of Collagen for Depressed Scars
Authors: Stegman Samuel J. , Tromovitch Theodore A.
Published: May 2014

Zyderm® Collagen Implant is a highly purified, pepsin‐solubilized bovine collagen, which can be injected in the skin to correct soft‐tissue depressions. Thus far, it has been used in California without serious difficulty. Clinical improvement from its use is estimated to be from 50–85%. The material is useful for scars resulting from acne, varicella, and trauma, and for some wrinkles and creases on the face.
Treatment of Lentigo Maligna and Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
Authors: Coleman William P. , Davis Ronald S. , Reed Richard J. , Krementz Edward T.
Published: May 2014

Thirty‐eight cases of lentigo maligna and 22 cases of lentigo maligna melanoma, were reviewed in order to compare cure rates of various methods of treatment. Surgical excision resulted in the best cure rate (91%); destructive modalities were less successful (45%). All lesions treated with 5% 5‐fluorouracil recurred.
Cutaneous Wound Healing Following Dermabrasion
Authors: Hill Thomas G.
Published: May 2014

Superficial wound healing, especially following dermabrasion, is discussed. A routine of postoperative‐care techniques following dermabrasion that is drawn from the literature and personal experience is presented.
Reduction of Male Pattern Baldness in Multiple Stages: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bosley L. Lee , Hope Craig R. , Montroy Robert E. , Straub Paul M.
Published: May 2014

Seven hundred and forty‐nine reductions of male pattern baldness were reviewed retrospectively with respect to selection of patients, operative techniques, complications, benefit obtained during successive stages of reduction, optimum intervals between operations, ages of patients, and prior operations on the scalp. A classification of mobility of the scalp is also given.
Chromomycosis: Report of a Case and Management by Cryosurgery, Topical Chemotherapy, and Conventional Surgery
Authors: Nobre Gustavo , Oliveira António Da Silva , Verde S. Fidalgo , Martins Orlando , Picoto António Da Silva
Published: May 2014

A case of chromomycosis caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi is described in a woman who had lived in Angola for 23 years.
Treatment of Adenoma Sebaceum by Cryosurgery: Report of a Case
Authors: Oliveira António Da Silva , Picoto António Da Silva , Verde S. Fidalgo , Martins Orlando
Published: May 2014

A case of adenoma sebaceum in a young girl treated by cryosurgery with excellent cosmetic results is reported.
Extirpation of Keratoacanthomas by Blunt Dissection
Authors: Habif Thomas P.
Published: May 2014

Fifteen patients with keratoacanthomas had their lesions removed by blunt dissection. There were recurrences in but two cases. Excellent cosmetic results were achieved.
Basal‐Cell Carcinoma: An Unusual Clinical and Histologic Variant
Authors: Kuflik Emanuel G.
Published: May 2014

An unusual clinical variant of basal‐cell carcinoma that occurs exclusively on the lower part of the legs is described. It can be differentiated clinically and histologically from other types of basal‐cell carcinomas, and is referred to as the “kerato‐purpuric” type of basal‐cell carcinoma.
Malignant Acanthosis Nigricans: A Review
Authors: Rigel Darrell S. , Jacobs Michael I.
Published: May 2014

Malignant acanthosis nigricans is a dermatosis that appears grossly as a hyperpigmented, velvety, or verrucous hyperplasia of the epidermis, most marked in flexural areas. It is always associated with a malignancy. In 277 cases reviewed, the condition was associated with gastric carcinomas in 55.5%, with other intra‐abdominal carcinomas in 17.7%, and with malignancies in other sites in 26.8%. Current theories for the association and pathogenesis of the cutaneous process are discussed.
A Glomus Tumor Mimicking a Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Horn Martin S. , Pierson Dean L.
Published: May 2014

A patient was found to have a solitary glomus tumor near the posterior cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve at a wrist. For years, his symptoms mimicked a peripheral neuropathy. The location, color, and soft vascular consistency of the lesion helped us to make the correct diagnosis in this case and simple ablation of the lesion effected a cure.
On the Long‐Term Behavior of Grafts of Meshed Skin
Authors: Horn Werner
Published: May 2014

In the past four years, 47 patients in our institution had grafts of meshed skin placed on a variety of defects. Indications, advantages and disadvantages, and postoperative phenomena are presented. Ten cases were available for a follow‐up study of one to four years. Subjective complaints in the graft sites; vulnerability of the grafts to ordinary trauma; the patient's opinion of the postoperative condition; visibility of the mesh pattern; level; hyper‐ or hypopigmentation of the grafted sites; occurrence of hypertrophic scars or keloids; return of sensations (touch, pressure, cold, warmth, and epicritic pain); and thermographic findings in the graft sites were inquired about and judged objectively.
Bovine Collagen Implant: Histologic Chronology in Pig Dermis
Authors: Burke Karen E. , Naughton Gail , Waldo Elaine , Cassai Nick
Published: May 2014

The histologic fate of an injectable form of type I bovine dermal collagen (Zyderm Collagen Implant, ZCI) in the pig dermis and subcutaneous tissue has been studied. Biopsies were taken sequentially and analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Weigert's stain, by birefringence, by direct immunofluorescence (using a highly specific rabbit anti‐Zyderm antibody), and by electron microscopy. The implant material was found to stimulate a host response resulting in implant degradation and replacement by newly generated host collagen.
Dermabrasion for the Management of Traumatic Tattoos
Authors: Notaro William A.
Published: May 2014

A man developed traumatic tattoos of the face from the accidental discharge of a muzzle‐loading rifle. One day after the accident, the involved area was dermabraded with good cosmetic results. Dermabrasion is a useful modality in the treatment of traumatic tattoos.
Chiseling of Exposed Bone to Stimulate Granulation Tissue after Mohs Surgery
Authors: Vanderveen Evelyn E. , Stoner John G. , Swanson Neil A.
Published: May 2014

Extensive Mohs surgery for carcinomas of the forehead and scalp occasionally requires the removal of periosteum. The exposed bone presents a wound management problem. One method, if healing by secondary intention is a viable option, is to chisel bone to stimulate granulation tissue and promote healing. A case is presented that describes this procedure in an elderly patient.
Early Surgical Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Azab A. Sherief , Kamal M. Shawky , Haggar M. Shawky El , Metawaa Bahgat A. , Hindawy D. S.
Published: May 2014

Cutaneous leishmaniasis, treated or untreated, is known to leave disfiguring scars. These scars are usually on exposed parts, for which plastic surgery may be required. The present work deals with the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis using surgical techniques from the onset. In 20 patients, 35 lesions were excised down to the deep fascia. To cover the resulting defect, subcuticular sutures were used in 7 small lesions. Dufourmental (LLL flap)6 and Limberg flaps7,8 were used in 23 lesions of moderate size. Free grafting was resorted to in five large lesions. Using these techniques, morbidity was reduced and cosmetic results were satisfactory.
Technetium Antimony Sulfur Colloid Scintiscan in Selective Lymph Node Dissection for Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Doss Larry L. , Padilla R. Steven , Hladik William B.
Published: May 2014

Lymphoscintigraphy with Technetium antimony sulfur colloid (TASC) was used in four patients with malignant melanoma to identify the pattern of lymphatic drainage, allowing selective lymph node dissection. TASC is safe and predictive of lymph node drainage patterns. Using this technique allows visualization of multiple tiers of lymph nodes in 2 to 6 hours.
Malignant Melanoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient Treated for Severe Pustular Psoriasis
Authors: Friedman Kenneth J. , Vollmer Robin T.
Published: May 2014

A case of cutaneous malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma arising in psoriatic plaques of a patient with severe, pustular psoriasis is presented. The possible role of therapy in the development, growth, and spread of cutaneous malignancy in this patient and in other reported treated psoriatic patients is reviewed.
Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma Originating in the Supra‐Parotid Region
Authors: Dzubow Leonard M.
Published: May 2014

A patient with a basal cell carcinoma originating from the skin overlying the parotid gland was found histologically to have lymphatic, hematogenous, and neural involvement. Conditions possibly relevant to the metastatic potential of basal cell carcinomas are discussed.
Nostalgic constructions of nurse education in British national newspapers
Authors: Gillett Karen
Published: May 2014

Aim

To explore nostalgic constructions of nurse education in British National newspapers.

Background

British newspaper discourse relating to the increased academic level of nurse education in the UK is negative, evoking comparisons between negative constructions of nurse education in the present and an idealized nostalgic view of the past.

Design

Discussion paper.

Data Sources

This study used a critical discourse analysis approach to analyse 11 British Newspaper articles, which exemplify nostalgic constructions of nurse education. This was a purposive sample from a database search (LexisNexis) of British national newspaper articles relating to the increasing academic level of nurse education in the period from 1999–2012.

Implications for Nursing

A dominant nostalgic discourse constructs a ‘golden era’ of nurse education, which idealizes the past, making the present flawed in comparison. Nostalgic constructions create group identities creating contrasting ‘caring’ nurses educated in the idealized past with those educated now, who are perceived as too educated to care. An inherent characteristic of the nostalgic discourse is the notion that the solution to current problems with nurse education is a return to an idealized version of the past. Another less common newspaper discourse views nostalgia as a problematic construct.

Conclusion

Nostalgic discourse with a focus on the past potentially acts as a barrier to creating an effective nurse education system for the 21st Century. This focus on an idealized past also has potential consequences in terms of public opinion and legitimization of government policy, which might otherwise be viewed as retrograde.
Nurse religiosity and spiritual care
Authors: Taylor Elizabeth Johnston , Park Carla Gober , Pfeiffer Jane Bacon
Published: May 2014

Aims

To describe how the religiosity of Christian nurses motivates their practice and manifests during patient care, especially spiritual care.

Background

Nurses around the world are often religious. This religiosity inherently affects nursing practice. Ethical codes, however, direct that nurses ought to never proselytize their religion while caring for patients. Little is known about how the religion of nurses affects their nursing practice.

Design

Cross‐sectional phenomenological study.

Methods

Data were collected during semi‐structured interviews in 2009–2011 with 14 Christian nurses in the USA. Data were coded and thematically analysed after transcription.

Findings

Informants described how they approached patients with religious conversation or spiritual care interventions that were overtly Christian in nature. With some awareness of the potential for harm in presenting their Christian beliefs and practices, these nurses also observed for patient cues before raising religious discourse and maintained caution so as to respect patient autonomy. Religiosity also was a personal resource for these nurses as they cared for very ill patients. The following themes were described: religious determinants and influences, perceptions of divine promptings and protection, religious approaches to spiritual care, respecting patient spirituality/religiosity and religious preparation for daily work.

Conclusion

Understanding these religious motivations and religious spiritual care practices of Christian nurses provides evidence that can stimulate debate for policy makers and scholars. It can also inform educators teaching spiritual care and administrators supervising religious nurses.
Feeling the green? Value orientation as a moderator of emotional response to green electricity
Authors: Nilsson Andreas , Hansla André , Biel Anders
Published: May 2014

Framing effects on emotional responses in a green electricity choice are investigated in a survey of a random sample of 655 Swedish residents. The results show that overall more positive and less negative emotions are experienced for a promotion frame (“choosing green electricity and paying more”) than for a prevention frame (“not choosing green electricity and paying less”). Value orientation is shown to moderate the framing effect in that for the promotion frame, individuals with a self‐transcendence value orientation show the most positive and least negative emotion, whereas for the prevention frame, individuals with a self‐enhancement value orientation show the most positive and least negative emotion. Emotional responses are further shown to mediate the relationship between value orientation and intention to purchase eco‐labeled electricity.
Testing the direct, indirect, and interactive roles of referent group injunctive and descriptive norms for sun protection in relation to the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Bodimeade Harriet , Anderson Ellen , La Macchia Stephen , Smith Joanne R. , Terry Deborah J. , Louis Winnifred R.
Published: May 2014

The theory of planned behavior was used to predict participants' (n = 219) sun protection intentions and (longitudinally) self‐reported behavior from attitudes, perceptions of control, and subjective norms. Norm focus theory was incorporated by distinguishing injunctive and descriptive norms. In turn, subjective descriptive and injunctive norms were examined in relation to the norms of a salient referent group: university students. Referent group norms were found to be associated with subjective norms, and to influence intentions indirectly. A marginal interaction of referent group descriptive and injunctive norms was also observed on behavior. Results highlight the importance of examining indirect effects in order to capture the effect of group‐level processes when multiple sources and levels of normative influence are examined.
The Market's Valuation of Fraudulently Reported Earnings
Authors: Hui Kai Wai , Lennox Clive , Zhang Guochang
Published: May 2014

This study examines the market valuation of accounting earnings during the period before it is publicly revealed that the earnings are fraudulent. Using both cross‐sectional and time‐series valuation models, we first find that the market accords less weight to earnings when the accounting numbers are fraudulent. We also show that the market better anticipates the presence of fraud when there is information in the public domain indicating a high ex‐ante risk of fraud. Our findings suggest that investors are able to accurately assess the probability of fraud and that such assessments affect the market's valuation of earnings even before it is publicly announced that fraud has occurred.
Earnings Management Constraints and Classification Shifting
Authors: Abernathy John L. , Beyer Brooke , Rapley Eric T.
Published: May 2014

Prior literature has investigated three forms of earnings management: real earnings management (REM), accruals earnings management (AEM) and classification shifting. Managers make trade‐off decisions among these methods based on the costs, constraints and timing of each strategy. This study investigates whether managers use classification shifting when their ability to use other forms of earnings management is constrained. We find that when REM is constrained by poor financial condition, high levels of institutional ownership and low industry market share, managers are more likely to use classification shifting. Further, we find that when AEM is constrained by low accounting system flexibility and the provision of a cash flow forecast, managers are more likely to use classification shifting. In addition, when we limit our sample to firms that are most likely to have manipulated earnings, we continue to find support for constraints of both REM and AEM leading to higher levels of classification shifting. We also find support for the hypothesis that the timing of each earnings management strategy influences managers’ trade‐off decision. Our results indicate that managers use classification shifting as substitute form of earnings management for both AEM and REM.
Initiation of activities and alertness in individuals with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Munde V. , Vlaskamp C.
Published: May 2014

Background

When providing activities to individuals with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD), direct support persons (DSPs) often face questions that are, among other things, related to the alertness of the person with PIMD. While previous studies have revealed that stimulation might have a greater impact on levels of alertness than the internal conditions of the individual, they have also emphasized the importance of interaction in order to influence the level of alertness. Because the initiation of this interaction has been described as one of its core components, the present study has focused on the relationship between the stimuli presented, the initiation of the activity (by the person with PIMD or the DSP), and the level of alertness of the person with PIMD.

Method

Videotapes of the one‐to‐one interactions of 24 individuals with PIMD and their DSPs in multisensory environments have been scored using the Alertness Observation List. In a sequential analysis, the percentages of stimuli presented were related to the percentages of initiation. Furthermore, two other analyses focused on the relationship between the level of alertness and the preceding and subsequent percentages of initiation respectively.

Results

The results show that high percentages of the activities are initiated by the DSPs. In addition, activities that were initiated by the individual with PIMD were preceded and followed by higher percentages of alert behaviour than those initiated by the DSP. Outcomes differed for the different types of stimuli.

Conclusions

These results have striking implications for the lives of individuals with PIMD. It is quite possible that DSPs often act too quickly, whereas they would be better off waiting for a reaction on the part of their client. In general, DSPs need to find a balance between being passive themselves and promoting in the individual with PIMD a state of being as active and alert as possible.
Household Leverage
Authors: CORRADIN STEFANO
Published: May 2014

I propose a life‐cycle model where a finitely lived risk‐averse household finances its housing investment by opting to provide a down payment. Given that the household may default, risk‐neutral lenders efficiently charge a default premium to hedge against expected losses. This has two major consequences. First, the higher the house price volatility, the higher the down payment the household provides to decrease the volatility of the equity share in the house. Second, in the presence of borrowing constraints, higher risk of unemployment persistence and/or a substantial drop in labor income decreases the leveraged position the household takes on.
Power‐Sharing in Monetary Policy Committees: Evidence from the United Kingdom and Sweden
Authors: CHAPPELL HENRY W. , MCGREGOR ROB ROY , VERMILYEA TODD A.
Published: May 2014

Committees may make better monetary policy decisions than individuals; however, the benefits of group decision making could be lost if committee members cede power to a chairman. We develop an econometric model to describe intracommittee power‐sharing across members. Estimation of the model permits us to classify monetary policy committees into the typology developed by Blinder (, ). We estimate our model for the United Kingdom's Bank of England (BOE) and Sweden's Riksbank. Results for the BOE suggest that the Governor has little influence over other committee members, while those for the Riksbank indicate that the Governor is highly influential.
The Riskiness of Corporate Bonds
Authors: TABOGA MARCO
Published: May 2014

We use an index of riskiness recently proposed by Aumann and Serrano () to analyze how the riskiness of diversified portfolios of corporate bonds changes across rating classes and through time and how it compares to the riskiness of other financial instruments. We find that differences in riskiness among portfolios of bonds belonging to different rating classes are seldom statistically significant. We instead find significant time variation in riskiness, driven mainly by return volatility, inflation, and average bond yields. In particular, we find that increases in average bond yields have historically tended to reduce the riskiness of portfolios of corporate bonds by increasing their expected return and by lowering the probability of portfolio losses.
Bank Heterogeneity and Interest Rate Setting: What Lessons Have We Learned since Lehman Brothers?
Authors: GAMBACORTA LEONARDO , MISTRULLI PAOLO EMILIO
Published: May 2014

A substantial literature has investigated the role of relationship lending in shielding borrowers from idiosyncratic shocks. Much less is known about how lending relationships and bank‐specific characteristics affect the functioning of the credit market in an economy‐wide crisis. We investigate how bank and bank–firm relationship characteristics have influenced interest rate setting since the collapse of Lehman Brothers. We find that interest rate spreads increased by less for those borrowers having closer lending relationships. Furthermore, firms borrowing from banks endowed with large capital and liquidity buffers and from banks engaged mainly in traditional lending were kept more insulated from the financial crisis.
What Asset Prices Should Be Targeted by a Central Bank?
Authors: NUTAHARA KENGO
Published: May 2014

This paper investigates the monetary policy design for restoring equilibrium determinacy. Our interests are whether a central bank should respond to asset price fluctuations, and if so, what asset prices should be targeted. We show that a monetary policy response to the price of a productive tangible asset (capital price) is helpful for equilibrium determinacy, while that to the price of an intangible asset that reflects a firm's profit (share prices) is a source of equilibrium indeterminacy. This result comes from the two assets' prices moving in opposite directions in response to a permanent increase in inflation.