bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GC-MS Analysis and Hemolytic, Antipyretic and Antidiarrheal Potential of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Essential Oil
Authors: Uchôa Lopes Cristiane , Saturnino de Oliveira João , Holanda Vanderlan , Rodrigues Antonio , Martins da Fonseca Caíque , Galvão Rodrigues Fábio , Camilo Cicera , Lima Vera , Coutinho Henrique , Kowalski Radosław , da Costa José
Published: June 2020

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is a spice widely used for its medical properties, though the species lacks scientific evidence regarding its toxicity and biologic effects. The aim of this study was the chemical identification by GC-MS analysis and evaluation of the hemolytic, anticoagulant, antidiarrheal and antipyretic activities of the essential oil from S. aromaticum (EOSa) in adult male mice. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and provided 9.8% v/w yield. GC-MS analyses allowed the identification of nine constituents, with eugenol (84.63%) as the majority. EOSa was diluted in several concentrations (0.005–2 mg/mL) for hemolytic assays, showing hemolytic activity above 20% in concentrations higher than 0.625 mg/mL. Different concentrations of EOSa induced a coagulation time 100% higher than control blood. 50 and 100 mg/kg of EOSa caused additional intestinal motility induced by castor oil by 90–100%. Fever, induced by Saccharomyces cerevisae 15% (s.c.), was controlled by 50 and 100 mg/kg EOSa (p.o.), effects similar to 100 mg/kg dypirone. Results showed that when used orally, EOSa may have a certain degree of toxicity in high dosages, but with antipyretic and intestinal motility properties.
Low-Grade B Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder Masquerading as Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Chan Rory , Kuo Chris RuiWen , Lipworth Brian
Published: June 2020

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common persistent disorders of the developed world, requiring input from various specialists including primary care physicians, otolaryngologists, respiratory physicians, and allergologists. B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (BLPDs) are a heterogenous group of malignant conditions defined by an accumulation of mature B lymphocytes in the bone marrow, blood, and lymphoid tissues. We present a case report of an elderly man with rhinosinusitis-like symptoms and atypical features prompting further investigations that culminated in a diagnosis of BLPD.
Evaluation of Malaria Diagnostic Methods as a Key for Successful Control and Elimination Programs
Authors: Mbanefo Afoma , Kumar Nirbhay
Published: June 2020

Malaria is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) world malaria report for 2018, there were 228 million cases and 405,000 deaths worldwide. This paper reviews and highlights the importance of accurate, sensitive and affordable diagnostic methods in the fight against malaria. The PubMed online database was used to search for publications that examined the different diagnostic tests for malaria. Currently used diagnostic methods include microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Upcoming methods were identified as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), isothermal thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification (tHDA), saliva-based test for nucleic-acid amplification, saliva-based test for Plasmodium protein detection, urine malaria test (UMT), and transdermal hemozoin detection. RDT, despite its increasing false negative, is still the most feasible diagnostic test because it is easy to use, fast, and does not need expensive equipment. Noninvasive tests that do not require a blood sample, but use saliva or urine, are some of the recent tests under development that have the potential to aid malaria control and elimination. Emerging resistance to anti-malaria drugs and to insecticides used against vectors continues to thwart progress in controlling malaria. Therefore, future innovation will be required to enable the application of more sensitive and affordable methods in resource-limited settings.
Rainfall Variability and Trend Analysis of Rainfall in West Africa (Senegal, Mauritania, Burkina Faso)
Authors: Nouaceur Zeineddine , Murarescu Ovidiu
Published: June 2020

This study concerns the West African Sahel. The Sahelian climate is characterized by a long dry season and a rainy season which starts in June and ends in September–October. This latter season is associated with the process of oceanic moisture transfer to the mainland (the West African Monsoon). This movement is governed by an overall moving of the meteorological equator and its low-pressure corridor (Intertropical Convergence Zone, ITCZ) towards the north, under the effect of the attraction of the Saharan thermal depressions and a greater vigor of the anticyclonic nuclei. This study was conducted on 27 Sahelian climatic stations in three countries (Burkina Faso, Mauritania, and Senegal). The method used to determine the modes of this variability and the trends of rainfall is the chronological graphic method of information processing (MGCTI) of the “Bertin Matrix” and continuous wavelets transform (CWT). Results show a rain resumption observed in the recent years over the Sahelian region and a convincing link with the surface temperature of the Atlantic Ocean.
Pediatric Vaccine Administration: Sustaining an Improved Process in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Durham Marianne , Didovic Ines , Gingell Monica
Published: June 2020

Background: Pediatric vaccine errors may lead to patient harm, including unknown disease vulnerability requiring costly revaccination.

Local Problem: Pediatric vaccine administration errors (expired and wrong vaccine) in a Federally Qualified Health Center prompted a root cause analysis. System and human factors issues were identified including a variable and complex administration process; multiple administering staff (medical assistants, registered nurses, nurse practitioners);
competency training gaps; and storage opportunities driving error.

Methods: Using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, the administration process and storage system were improved.

Interventions: A simplified and standardized pediatric vaccine administration process was implemented. Administering staff completed 10 hours of education and competency training. Audits with feedback were conducted to monitor process behaviors linked to achieving the five rights of medication administration.

Results: Twenty-four audits were conducted over a six-month period after implementation to monitor steps in the process. Early post-implementation analysis
revealed performance variability and additional improvement activities were deployed. Behaviors have improved over time and are nearing consistent performance and no reported vaccine errors.

Conclusions: Continuous analysis and improvement are needed to sustain safe practice until behaviors to achieve the five rights are normalized and impact patient outcomes.

Keywords: vaccine error, quality improvement, sustainability, patient safety
Delays in referral from primary care worsen survival for patients with colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Arhi Chanpreet S , Burns Elaine M , Bottle Alex , Bouras George , Aylin Paul , Ziprin Paul , Darzi Ara
Published: June 2020

Background

Delays in referral for patients with colorectal cancer may occur if the presenting symptom is falsely attributed to a benign condition.

Aim

To investigate whether delays in referral from primary care are associated with a later stage of cancer at diagnosis and worse prognosis.

Design and setting

A national retrospective cohort study in England including adult patients with colorectal cancer identified from the cancer registry with linkage to Clinical Practice Research Datalink, who had been referred following presentation to their GP with a ‘red flag’ or ‘non-specific’ symptom.

Method

The hazard ratios (HR) of death were calculated for delays in referral of between 2 weeks and 3 months, and >3 months, compared with referrals within 2 weeks.

Results

A total of 4527 (63.5%) patients with colon cancer and 2603 (36.5%) patients with rectal cancer were included in the study. The percentage of patients presenting with red-flag symptoms who experienced a delay of >3 months before referral was 16.9% of those with colon cancer and 13.5% of those with rectal cancer, compared with 35.7% of patients with colon cancer and 42.9% of patients with rectal cancer who presented with non-specific symptoms. Patients referred after 3 months with red-flag symptoms demonstrated a significantly worse prognosis than patients who were referred within 2 weeks (colon cancer: HR 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29 to 1.81; rectal cancer: HR 1.30; 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.60). This association was not seen for patients presenting with non-specific symptoms. Delays in referral were associated with a significantly higher proportion of late-stage cancers.

Conclusion

The first presentation to the GP provides a referral opportunity to identify the underlying cancer, which, if missed, is associated with a later stage in diagnosis and worse survival.
Preventative health screening community events, a mechanism to target minority ethnic populations in improving primary care utilisation to improve health outcomes
Authors: Naqvi Raza , Gale Octavia
Published: June 2020

Background

Preventative medicine has become a central focus in primary care provision, with greater emphasis on education and access to health care screening. The Department of Health reports existing health inequalities and inequalities in access within ethnic minority groups. Studies assessing the value of community engagement in primary care have reported variable outcomes in term of subsequent service utilisation.

Aim

To consider the benefit of community-based health screening checks to improve access and health outcomes in minority ethnic groups.

Method

An open community health screening event (n = 43), to allow targeted screening within an ethnic minority population. Screening included BP, BMI, BM and cholesterol. Results were interpreted by a healthcare professional and counselling was provided regarding relevant risk factors. Post-event feedback was gathered to collate participant opinion and views.

Results

Seventy-nine per cent of participants were from ethnic minority backgrounds: 64% were overweight or obese and 53% of participants were referred to primary care for urgent review following abnormal findings. All those referred would not have accessed healthcare without the event referral. All (100%) participants believed it improved health education and access to health care.

Conclusion

This study clearly demonstrates the value of targeted community-led screening and education events in public health promotion. There was a significant benefit in providing community-based screening. There is a need for a longitudinal analysis to determine the impact on health outcomes and long-term access to healthcare provision.
Bringing together child health professionals and dental experts to tackle oral health in children
Authors: Vasikaran Vinoshini , Soni Arpana , Watson Mando
Published: June 2020

Background

In the UK, poor oral health among children continues to be a major public health concern. Primary care professionals are encouraged to take a proactive approach in engaging parents and carers to develop better oral health practices for their children. Unfortunately, research has shown that patients are often exposed to inconsistent and at worst conflicting advice.

Aim

To increase the confidence of primary care professionals in their knowledge surrounding preventative oral health and ensure the delivery of consistent and proactive oral health advice.

Method

A local dentist and dental health educator were invited to a general practice multidisciplinary meeting to deliver an educational session on oral health advice for children. Qualitative and quantitative data in form of a questionnaire was collected to analyse the impact of the education session.

Results

The meeting was attended by 15 healthcare professionals including GPs, paediatricians, a community mental health representative, and a school nurse. There were 78% of attendees who reported that they had never received any formal teaching on oral health care prior to this session. Qualitative data highlighted specific gaps in knowledge, while confidence ratings suggest significant improvement in confidence of attendees in their knowledge of oral health in children.

Conclusion

Achieving good oral health for all children requires the support of a wide range of healthcare professionals. Further education sessions such as this encourages joint learning and relationship building between professionals and influences behaviour to improve child health care as part of making every contact count. The emerging Primary Care Networks provide an excellent setting to deliver this education.
General practice is ‘different’: qualitative study of acculturation experiences of East Staffordshire general practice specialty trainees
Authors: Perera Dinusha , Mohanna Kay
Published: June 2020

Background

Undergraduate medical education and postgraduate foundation training are largely secondary care based. General practice trainees also spend nearly half of their training in hospital rotations. Little is known about factors that support effective transition into general practice specialty training or belongingness experiences throughout training.

Aim

To explore the reported experiences of general practice trainee transition into general practice, training in hospital settings, and views of the future.

Method

Semi-structured interviews with 18 purposively selected trainees plus observation and stakeholder discussions by a visiting Sri Lankan general practice trainee attending the vocational training scheme in a participant observer role.

Results

Mastering core skills of general practice, undergraduate and early experience in general practice during specialty training, and general practice trainer guidance and role modelling facilitated transition. A reduced sense of belongingness during hospital rotations impacted on training and work. Building bridging social connections, personal agency initiatives to bring general practice relevance into hospital training, and secondary care affiliative behaviours were adaptive strategies. Allocation to more general practice relevant duties was thought to create value within the hospital team. General practice trainees are thriving with the support of general practice trainers and colleagues, vocational training scheme, and good work/life balance. International graduates require additional support in specific areas.

Conclusion

Adequate support towards transition into general practice and fostering belongingness in hospital settings is important due to the wider impact on training, patient care, and primary/secondary care integration. We propose a theoretical explanation based on Wenger’s social learning model, which may have useful practical implications.
An exploration of stakeholders’ perceptions of the extent to which the individual and collective views of patients with long-term conditions and their carers are heard and used to inform commissioning decisions within primary care
Authors: Brooks Jane
Published: June 2020

Background

Involving patients and carers in decisions that influence the delivery of health services is a statutory requirement across the NHS. However, current evidence suggests a gap exists between the theory, legislation and policy intentions and their practical implementation.

Aim

This research aimed to identify the nature and extent of that perceived gap.

Method

Adopting a mixed-methods approach using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, stakeholders’ perceptions were explored regarding the extent to which the views of patients with long-term conditions and their carers are heard and used within primary care, across four clinical commissioning groups. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data; thematic analysis was applied to explore the qualitative data.

Results

Data analysis demonstrated considerable difference between patients’ and carers’ perceptions and those of healthcare professionals regarding how well involvement is implemented. Three key themes emerged that were perceived to influence the effectiveness of involvement. These related to the need for effective communication of relevant, accessible information that meets people’s requirements; the need to take account of individuals’ expectations, ability, motivation, assumptions, and previous experience; and the need for organisations to provide effective systems and processes, including adequate time and focused training to support involvement, in addition to robust monitoring and evaluation of the extent to which outputs from involvement influence commissioning decisions.

Conclusion

The literature suggests that no existing framework addresses all three key themes. Therefore, a revised framework for involvement was developed, informed by the three key themes, that can be tested across a larger sample and different healthcare settings.
Time for change? A comparative analysis of GPs’ opinions on appointment length
Authors: Murdoch Katherine
Published: June 2020

Background

The research on the benefits, disadvantages and factors that affect appointment length in general practice is fragmented. There is a need to draw the evidence together and who better to assess this than those on the front line.

Aim

To investigate GPs’ opinions on appointment length, including the factors that affect appointment length, its impact on doctors and the validity of increasing appointment length.

Method

A questionnaire was sent to six general practices in Bristol and was completed by 30 GPs (response rate = 100%). Analysis of current appointment length, satisfaction and the ideal length was undertaken, alongside thoughts about the advantages and disadvantages of longer appointments. Ethical approval was successfully sought from Student Research Ethics Committee.

Results

Most doctors have 10-minute appointments (n = 29); however, 90% (n = 27) wished for 15 minutes. Appointments overrunning was described as a constant problem and resulting in stress. Longer appointments were due to multiple problems in a single consultation, mental health and multimorbidity. There did not appear to be any variation in viewpoints with practices, clinician experience and session length. The benefits of a longer appointment were a greater ability to deal with complex conditions, improved decision making, stress reduction and time to talk about interventions. However, 93.3% (n = 28) of doctors were concerned that there would be less appointments available if appointment lengths increased.

Conclusion

Most doctors would like longer appointments. In light of the concern about appointment availability, there needs to be research into whether this would substantiate.
GP views on the routine identification of older people living with frailty in primary care
Authors: Mulla Ebrahim , Orton Elizabeth , Kendrick Denise
Published: June 2020

Background

To meet the challenges of an ageing population, the updated 2017/18 NHS GP contract requires primary care providers to use evidence-based frailty identification tools to risk-stratify all patients aged >65 years. Those patients flagged as moderately or severely frail should be clinically reviewed and if severe frailty is confirmed, providers have been asked to consider offering relevant interventions, with the overall aim of enabling these patients to live well for longer. However, there is limited knowledge about how this frailty contractual requirement is being operationalised in primary care.

Aim

To improve understanding of the barriers and facilitators GPs encounter when routinely identifying, risk-stratifying and providing interventions for people living with frailty in primary care.

Method

This was a two-part study: an initial survey via online questionnaire, with participants selected by maximum variation sampling to be followed up with a semi-structured telephone interview. All GPs working in the East Midlands region (Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, and Northamptonshire) were eligible to take part. The online questionnaire was analysed using descriptive statistics. Interview transcripts were analysed using framework analysis to identify key themes.

Results

In total, 188 GPs responded to the survey. Eighteen GPs were interviewed. Four themes were identified: 1) beliefs about stratification and pro-active identification of frailty; 2) frailty stratification tools; 3) managing complexity, resources and models of care; and 4) drivers of GP behaviour.

Conclusion

The study findings will inform the further development of NHS England policy on the frailty contractual requirement for primary care providers.
Healthcare professionals’ perspectives on lung cancer screening in the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: Margariti Charikleia , Kordowicz Maria , Selman Gillian , Nair Arjun , Akande Yvonne , Saleem Azhar , Rua Tiago
Published: June 2020

Background

Lung cancer screening with low-dose CT has been shown to decrease mortality. Low lung cancer survival rates in the UK, driven primarily by late-stage presentation, provide the impetus for implementing screening. Nascent guidance on screening in the UK recommends primary care case-finding. However, the potential impact and acceptability on primary care, and the opportunistic utilisation of other case-finding routes such as pharmacies, smoking cessation services and respiratory clinics, have not been fully explored.

Aim

To explore healthcare professionals’ views and perspectives about lung cancer screening and their preparedness and willingness to be involved in its implementation.

Method

A qualitative study was carried out with semi-structured interviews conducted with GPs, pharmacists and staff from smoking cessation services within Southwark and Lambeth and from respiratory clinics in Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Trust in London in 2018. Sixteen participants were interviewed, and the interview transcripts were analysed thematically.

Results

Participants described lung cancer screening as an important diagnostic tool for capturing lung cancer at an earlier stage and in increasing survivorship. However, the majority expressed a lack of awareness and understanding, uncertainty and concerns about the validity of screening, its misuse and the potential impact on their patients and workload.

Conclusion

Study participants had mixed opinions about lung cancer screening and expressed their concerns about its implementation. Addressing these concerns by providing resources and effective and detailed guidelines for their use may lead to greater engagement and willingness to be involved in lung cancer screening.
Cancer treatment decisions for people living with dementia: experiences of family carers
Authors: Hynes Catherine , Mitchell Caroline , Wyld Lynda
Published: June 2020

Background

Dementia and cancer are both diseases associated with older age. The National Cancer Data Audit in England found that 4.4% of people diagnosed with cancer also had cognitive impairment. Decisions about cancer treatment can be very complex when someone already has dementia. Often someone’s closest relative may be asked to make decisions on their behalf. Little is known about the psychosocial impact that this has on carers, or what their support needs are during this time.

Aim

To explore the experiences of family carers who have been involved in making cancer treatment decisions on behalf of a relative with dementia, in particular identifying challenges and support needs.

Method

The authors are conducting semi-structured interviews with carers of people with dementia who have been involved in making decisions about cancer treatment on their behalf. Data is being thematically analysed using an inductive approach. Two researchers will independently verify themes.

Results

The authors expect to have completed 14–18 interviews and will report their preliminary findings. Family carers experience many difficulties in the context of cancer and dementia, including lack of support when coping with the aftereffects of cancer treatment, lack of awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the authority granted by a lasting power of attorney and the anxiety created by feeling responsible for identifying cancer recurrence.

Conclusion

This study will highlight that supporting someone with dementia through cancer treatment, and having to make decisions about it on their behalf, creates unique challenges for carers. Currently there is a significant lack of support for those facing this distressing experience.
Donor-Derived Cell Free DNA: Is It All the Same?
Authors: Melancon Joseph K. , Khalil Ali , Lerman Mark J.
Published: June 2020

Background

Clinical utility of donor-derived, cellfree DNA (dd-cfDNA) in transplantation has been extensively reviewed, supporting its use as a surveillance tool for the early and accurate detection of allograft injury. Yet studies comparing different assay methods have been lacking.

Methods

Paired sampling of commercially available dd-cfDNA (AlloSure and Prospera) was compared and examined against histology and manufacturer guidance. A total of 76 patients were prospectively assessed, with 11 biopsy sample–proven rejections (antibody-mediated rejection, n=2; T cell–mediated rejection, n=9).

Results

Prospera demonstrated larger measurements of dd-cfDNA in comparison with AlloSure, but this was NS (P=0.12). At current manufacturer recommended diagnostic cutoffs, there was no significant difference in sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, or positive predictive value of AlloSure versus Prospera in detecting rejection. AlloSure demonstrated a significantly shorter turnaround time (P=0.01) from blood draw to patient result.

Conclusions

Although dd-cfDNAs are similar, they are not the same. Extensive evidence for dd-cfDNA interpretation remains the key to building clinical utility when considering clinical implementation, and remaining consistent to a single platform is important when creating data comparisons.
Ameliyathanede Çalışan Hemşirelerin Cerrahiye Bağlı Basınç Yaralanmalarına İlişkin Bilgi Düzeyi
Authors: AKTAŞ Dilek , KOÇAŞLI Sema
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışma ameliyathanede çalışan hemşirelerin intraoperatif dönemde basınç yaralanmaları risk faktörlerine ve önleme yöntemlerine ilişkin bilgi düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem: Çalışma Ankara’da yer alan üç eğitim araştırma hastanesinin ameliyathane bölümünde çalışan hemşireler ile tanımlayıcı olarak yapıldı. Örneklemi bu hastanelerin ameliyathanelerinde çalışan araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü 85 hemşire oluşturdu. Araştırma verileri araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan bireylerin tanımlayıcı özelliklerini, kurumlarındaki basınç yaralanması politikalarını ve risk değerlendirmelerini içeren 10 sorunun ve ameliyathane basınç yaralanması risk faktörlerini ve önleme yöntemlerini içeren likert tipi 23 maddenin yer aldığı veri toplama formu kullanılarak toplandı.
Bulgular: Hemşirelerin %71.8’inin intraoperatif sürecin basınç yaralanması gelişiminde rol aldığını düşündüğü, %18.8’inin basınç yaralanmasına ilişkin kurum içi protokolden haberdar olduğu ve % 60.0’ının kurumlarında cerrahi girişim uygulanan hastalarda ameliyat öncesinde veya ameliyathanede basınç yaralanması risk değerlendirilmesi yapılmadığını ifade ettiği, ameliyathanede basınç yaralanması risk değerlendirilmesi yapıldığını ifade eden hemşirelerin % 79.4’ünün basınç yaralanması risk değerlendirilmesinde risk değerlendirme skalası kullanmadıklarını belirttiği saptandı. Hemşirelerin basınç yaralanması risk faktörleri ve önleme girişimlerine ilişkin ifadelerde ortalama doğru cevap sayısı 16,97 + 3,34’dür. Kurum politikalarından haberdar olan hemşirelerin doğru cevap sayısı anlamlı oranda yüksektir.
Sonuç: Ameliyathane hemşirelerinin basınç yaralanması risk faktörleri ve önleme yöntemlerine ilişkin bilgi düzeyi yetersizdir. Ayrıca hemşirelerin çoğunluğu da çalıştıkları kurumun basınç yaralanması politikasından haberdar değildi. Bu nedenle ameliyathane hemşirelerine basınç yaralanmaları hakkında güncel bilgiler doğrultusunda düzenli eğitimlerin yapılması, kurum içi protokoller hakkında hemşirelerin bilgilendirilmesi ve uygulamaların takip edilmesi önerilmektedir.
A máquina fílmica e a tela preta/branca como ferramentas de desterritorialização
Authors: Shilina-Conte Tanya
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho explora os papéis e as funções da tela preta e branca no cinema. Toma como base a filosofia de Gilles Deleuze em geral e sua teoria do cinema em especial, fazendo uma análise transversal dos quadros conceituais. Explorando as abordagens contemporâneas do cinema menor, e através de uma comparação com o conceito de “literatura menor” de Deleuze e Félix Guattari, examina-se a tela preta/branca como uma ferramenta de desterritorialização da linguagem cinematográfica hegemônica e como uma introjeção da gagueira e do mutismo nas obras. Defende-se que as telas pretas e brancas são empregadas no cinema como um método de desterritorialização ou como uma forma de “tornar estranho” o regime de significação dominante dos códigos e práticas de Hollywood. Esses cortes pretos ou brancos contrapõem-se à História oficial no singular e à grande narrativa enquanto totalidades, introduzindo na obra uma multiplicidade de outras possíveis narrativas (histórias).
Cinema e intensidades: close-up e esgotamento
Authors: Speglich Érica , Amorim Antonio Carlos Rodrigues de
Published: June 2020

A partir da produção audiovisual Jamais seque lágrimas sem luvas, buscamos analisar a construção das imagens em si, aceitando o convite de pensá-las em sua capacidade não de representar o movimento da realidade ou a realidade do movimento, mas talvez de conjugar, ou até conjurar, um outro plano de movimento e sentido, em especial, as formas de movimentação da câmera de aproximação ou close-ups e suas potências de construção de um sentido de esgotamento. As questões que nos movimentam são: por que essas imagens e palavras estão aqui? Que intensidades e encontros nos provocam? E, nos encontros com as provocações de Gilles Deleuze: o que a leitura dessas imagem ensinam?
The effect of zinc supplementation in delayed preterm delivery and biometric of neonates suspected with preterm delivery in mothers suspected of having a preterm delivery
Authors: Shabanian Sheida , Bayati-Eshkaftaki Fatemeh , Khoshdel Abolfazl , Mohammadi Belgheis , Lotfizadeh Masoud
Published: June 2020

Background and aims: Micronutrient deficiency in women of reproductive age is considered as a major health problem in many developing countries. Therefore, it is important to prevent micronutrient shortage before pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc (Zn) supplementation on delaying preterm delivery and biometric neonates with suspected preterm birth. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 140 women with preterm delivery were selected by a gynecologist in the Hajar hospital of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The women were divided into four groups. Then, the serum Zn level of the mother’s blood and the umbilical cord was measured First group had a normal level; Zn level in the second group was between 50-70 mg/dL; in the third group between 20-50 mg/dL; and in the fourth group fewer than 20 mg/dL. Three groups received <20-70 mg/dL oral Zn and the normal group was given a placebo. Next, the serum Zn levels of mothers were measured and recorded at the end of the eighth month and delivery time. Infant anthropometric parameters at birth, 1 month to 3 months were measured as well. Overall, 71 (50%) and 69 (49.3%) infants were males and females, respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical statistics tests. Results: The average age of 140 pregnant women was 30.39±5.33 years old and their age range was between 18 and 41 years. In addition, the maternal Zn serum level was 56.52±33.38 mg/dL on admission and the serum level on the cord blood at birth was 53.22 ± 66.94 μg/ dL. A significant relationship was reported between the level of serum Zn on cord blood and the maternal serum Zn level on admission with growth in babies at birth and the first, second, and third month (P<0.05). Conclusion: In general, Zn is effective in children’s growth and the use of Zn supplementation can be suggested during pregnancy.
Exploring the Attitudes of Native and Non-native (Turkish) English-speaking Parents towards Formal Instruction of English in Turkish Kindergartens
Authors: ŞAN BOZOĞLU Nalan
Published: June 2020

For many preschoolers in Turkish kindergartens, English instruction starts in the third year of their lives when they have barely begun to articulate their thoughts in their own mother tongue, Turkish. Parents have a dual role as models and decision makers in their children’s foreign language education. As the fifteen participant parents of this study are either proficient non-native English speakers (NNEPs) or native English speakers (NEPs), they can provide linguistic input themselves and expose their children to limited or extensive input in different forms. Thus, this study aims to explore the attitudes of NEPs and NNEPs towards the formal instruction of English in Turkish kindergartens. Fifteen questionnaires and interviews were conducted to gather data using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results demonstrated that all of the participants have positive attitudes towards their children’s early initiation into English both in kindergartens and at home and they provide different kinds of scaffolding at home, including natural and self-provided input despite the fact that they mostly harbor a deep sense of mistrust in the qualifications of English teachers in Turkish kindergartens in general.
Wait-time in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) Context: A Conversation Analytic Perspective
Authors: SÜT Ayşe Merve
Published: June 2020

This study aims to discover to what extent native ESL teachers utilize wait-time in their classes and to what extent wait-time gives way to more student contribution. Wait-time is considered as a part of classroom interactional competence, and relevant utilization of it may improve learning in the classroom. Accordingly, six classroom hours of data were analyzed via Conversation Analysis (CA) and whether teachers implement wait-time or not during their lessons were analyzed qualitatively. The participants of the research are teachers and students in a higher education setting in the UK. In order to analyze the data collected, all the videos were transcribed in accordance with the conventions of the Conversation Analysis (CA). The findings suggest that the teachers frequently implement wait-time in their classes. It has been found that wait-time usually leads to students’ contribution in language classes, which may lead to creating space for interaction and language learning.
Molecular Characterization of Anisakis typica (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the Mediterranean Sea Coasts of Turkey: First Mitochondrial rrnS Sequence Data
Authors: PEKMEZCİ Gökmen Zafer , ONUK Ertan Emek
Published: June 2020

There is no study about the molecular characterization of the mitochondrial rrnS gene of Anisakis typica from the Turkish Mediterranean coasts. Thus, molecular characterization of the rrnS gene of A. typica from Turkish waters is aimed for the first time in the present study. Ascaridoid marine nematodes were collected and morphologically identified by light microscope. Identified Anisakis type I larvae were randomly selected and molecularly analysed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Anisakis typica larvae identified by PCR-RFLP analyses were amplified and sequenced with both directions for the rrnS gene. The rrnS sequence of A. typica from the Mediterranean coasts of Turkey (MT395672) showed 99.80% identity (100% query coverage) with rrnS gene of A. typica (JX500052) from the Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean. Between A. typica from the Mediterranean Sea (MT395672) isolate and the Caribbean Sea isolate differed by only one nucleotide (C‒T, at alignment position 437). Pairwise genetic distance between the rrnS sequence of A. typica herein and other A. typica from the Caribbean Sea was 0.002. Consequently, we determined the mitochondrial rrnS data of A. typica from the Mediterranean Sea in the present study for the first time. The valid genetic data (MT395672) reported here can be used to molecular identification of Anisakis species from the Mediterranean Sea and worldwide.
Analisa Rancang Bangun Sistem SCADA Pengontrolan Kelistrikan AC dan PC Laboratorium Pemrograman Gedung Elektro
Authors: Syahrizal Endi , Amri Hikmatul
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan pengujian terhadap pengontrolan kelistrikan laboratorium Gedung Elektro. Dengan adanya pengujian ini peneliti dapat melihat perbandingan antara pengontoran kelistrikan tidak menggunakan SCADA mempunyai kekurangan dalam pegawasan di mana dengan menggunakan SCADA bisa dikontrol melalui laptop. Penelitian ini menggunakan PLC Mitsubishi FX2N-48MR dan relay double pole double throw digunakan sebagai alat pengontrolan kelistrikan secara real time. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan kelistrikan di laboratorium di mana apabila tidak menggunakan sistem SCADA ketika pada saat jam perkuliahan sering terjadi AC dan PC tidak dimatikan oleh mahasiswa/i. Oleh karena itu dengan adanya sistem SCADA tidak ada lagi AC dan PC yang tidak dimatikan lagi, selain itu sistem SCADA bisa menurukan pemakaian energi listrik yang sangat baik digunakan di ruangan perkuliahan. SCADA dikontrol melalui laptop dengan beban yang begitu besar. Sebelum menggunakan SCADA pemakaiannya tinggi dengan nilai Rp 183,564 sedangkan menggunakan SCADA pemakaian listrik menurun dengan nilai Rp 93,375. Hasil penelitian bahwa pengontrolan dengan sistem SCADA menurunkan biaya pemakaian sebesar 50,87 %.
Cover dan Daftar isi Vol 1 No 1
Authors: Amri Hikmatul
Published: June 2020

Cover dan Daftar isi Vol 1 No 1
PERWUJUDAN ADJEKTIVA BAHASA SULA DIALEK FALAHU DI DESA SAWAH KECAMATAN NAMLEA
Authors: iye risman
Published: June 2020

Abstract This research supports to obtain the English morphology of Sula Falahu dialect in Sawah Village, Namlea District. This research is field research with data collection techniques, namely elicits, record and records. The data source of this research is oral data obtained through informants. The results showed that additional embodiments of 1) morphological characteristics of adjectives, adjective syntax, and semantic adjectives of the Sula Falahu dialect. The results showed that the embodiment of adjectives included 1) the morphological features of adjective morphology, syntactic adjectives, and semantic adjectives of the Sula Falahu dialect. The morphological characteristics of Sula dialectal in the Falahu dialect include the process of word-formation by affixing affixes to the basic words; the syntactic features of the Sula Falahu dialect, namely adjectives that manifest as attributes and attributes; and the semantic characteristics of the Sula Falahu dialect, among others, are in the form of comparative, cooperative, and superlative. 2) Types of adjectives in the Sula Falahu dialect include adjectives of nature, state, shape, time, distance, method, color, senses, and feelings. 3) the Sula form of adjectives in the Falahu dialect, namely in the form of basic words and formed words. Keyword : embodiments, adjectives, Sula languages, Falahu dialects
Греки, болгары и латиняне: противостояние раннего XIII века во Фракии и Малой Азии
Authors: Kanellopoulos N.
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article describes and analyzes the armed conflicts in Thrace and Asia Minor between the Byzantines, the Bulgarians and the Latin Empire of Constantinople during the first decades following the Fourth Crusade. The conflicts took the form of pitched battles, “indirect” warfare and sieges while was common practice between the opponents to form and broke alliances in an attempt to exploit each other’s difficulties. Finally the role of ideology and religion during these wars is briefly investigated.

Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются и анализируются вооруженные конфликты во Фракии и Малой Азии между ромеями, болгарами и Латинской империей Константинополя в первые десятилетия, последовавшие за Четвертым крестовым походом.
Конфликты эти принимали форму открытых сражений, рейдов и осад, причем все эти формы сопровождались заключением и разрывом союзов, призванных эксплуатировать слабость другой стороны. В заключении кратко рассматриваются роли идеологии и религии в указанных конфликтах.
Named for Lewon the Young. The Medieval Name and the Date of Construction of Yilankale
Authors: Григорян С.
Published: June 2020

Аннотация
Неясность средневекового названия Йиланкале – что по-турецки означает «Змеиная крепость» – являет собой лакуну в исторической географии Армянского королевства Киликии. Величественная крепость, возвышающаяся над драконовидным известняковым обнажением, расположена в сердце Киликийской Равнины, приблизительно в 15 километрах к северо-востоку от места средневекового Мсиса (Eski Misis), ныне поселения Йакапинар.
Автор публикуемого исследования показывает, что в Армянском королевстве Киликии было по меньшей две крепости, названные в честь двух монархов с именем «Левон». Хронологически первая была построена в 1272 году и названа в честь короля Левона II (1270-1289). В первоисточниках она известна как Левонклай, Левонберд, берд Леони и Ламберд. Ее современное название Маран Калеси. Вторая крепость, ныне известная как Йиланкале, по мнению автора, была построена между 19 июня 1320 г. и 26 января 1329 г. и названа в честь Левона IV (1320-1342). Средневековые авторы именовали ее Tłay Lewonin (подразумевая Klay Tłay Lewonin, то есть «Крепость Левона Отрока»), и очевидно также – Тагаворашеном, что означает «Построенная королем». Автор также предлагает именовать указанные крепости Левонклай I и Левонклай II соответственно, в хронологической последовательности их возникновения.

Abstract
The obscurity of the medieval name of Yilankale, which means “Snake Castle” in Turkish, is one of the blind spots of the historical geography of the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia. This magnificent fortress rises above a limestone outcrop located in the heart of the Cilician Plains, about 15 km north-east of the site of medieval Msis (Eski Misis), presently Yakapinar.
The published study clearly shows that there were two fortresses named after two Lewons in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. The first one was built in 1272 and was named after the king Lewon II (1270–1289). It is mentioned as Lewonklay, Lewonberd, berd Lēōni and Lamberd in primary sources. Its modern name is Maran kalesi. The second fortress, now called Yilankale, was constructed between June 19, 1320 and January 26, 1329 and was named after the king Lewon IV (1320–1342). the medieval authors called it Tłay Lewonin (with Klay Tłay Lewonin in mind), apparently also Tʽagaworašen. In addition to these names, the the study’s author proposes to designate the fortresses by the conditional names Lewonklay I and Lewonklay II respectively, in chronological sequence.
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM INFORMASI ADMINISTRASI KEPENDUDUKAN DALAM PELAYANAN KARTU TANDA PENDUDUK PADA DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN CATATAN SIPIL KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Tarifu La
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe the Implementation of Population Administration Information System in the Management of Identity Card Services (KTP) at the Population and Civil Registry Office of Kendari City. Data collection is done by in-depth interview techniques, observations, and document studies, while data analysis techniques are done qualitatively and quantitatively. The informant selection technique uses one of the techniques in sampling or determining the informant with consideration or certain criteria (purposive) in the Research Methodology. The results of the study indicate the factors that influence the implementation of policies that contain communication, resources and dispositions run effectively. This can be seen from good communication, technological guidance for resources and a loyal attitude towards a policy. In a no-no situation, the population administration information system is good enough. However, in the context of population registration, it has not run optimally due to inadequate facilities. While in the context of civil registration can also be seen from the work of employees always based on existing rules. Then in the context of information management, it must also be good enough to improve information and also must provide more adequate facilities.
Prevalence and potential risk factors associated with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Dairy farms
Authors: El-Fateh Mohamed , El-Gohary Adel , Elsayed Mona , El-Gohary Fatma
Published: June 2020

Objective: A cross sectional study was conducted between June 2017 and August 2018 in around Dakahlia governorate to identify Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to determine risk factors associated with the occurrence of mastitis in dairy cows. Design: Cross sectional study Animals and samples: 130 dairy cattle (744 samples) and 181 environmental samples (36 bedding, 37 bulk tank milk BTM, 27 feed troughs, 27 water troughs, 27 milk linear and 27 worker’s nasal swabs), with a total of 925 samples were studied. Procedures: Three hundred and seventy-two quarters were examined to detect clinical and subclinical mastitis by physical examinations and California mastitis test. In addition, bacteriological isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were carried on the above milk samples of above mentioned quarters, teat swabs and environmental samples. Results: The overall prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA was 59.4 and 22.4, respectively. The MRSA were more prevalent in mastitic quarter (X2 = 31.146, P-value = 0.000), Holstein Friesian breed (P-value = 0.021), Old aged dairy cattle (>8 years) (P-value = 0.000), Multiparous cows (P-value = 0.000), large herd size (>=2000) (P-value = 0.000). Conclusion and clinical relevance: The present result indicates that MRSA is a major cause of mastitis in dairy farms at northern Egypt, where one of the key elements for controlling its spreading depends mainly on determining its potential risk factors responsible for its existence.
INTEGRATIVE USE OF PENMAN-MONTEITH EQUATION WITH REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNIQUES TO ESTIMATE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION VRIANCES IN IRAQ
Authors: & Abed Mohamed Jawad
Published: June 2020

This research was aimed to construct an integrative system which is capable of accurate determining and analyzing evapotranspiration rates in Iraq for long period , Since high evapotranspiration rates and extreme shortage in precipitation are the main causes of aridity, which considered principal reason for land degradation and land desertification eventually. FAO Penman-Monteith method was adopted because it's the international standard method. In this work meteorological readings of nine stations with comprehensive covering for Iraq's area were taken for every ten years in a long-term range (31 years). The daily evapotranspiration values had been calculated, then after the annual summation value determined for the years (1987, 1997, 2007, and 2017). The use of spatial analysis schemes proved that generally eighties decade of the last century had climax (Etr) values, then ETr rates rapidly decreased in whole Iraq except some anomalies. There were two reasons for this decrement, firstly air temperature value decent which increase relative humidity. Secondly wind speed rates falling (which considered the principal cause for reference evapotranspiration rates descending in this case).