bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupled Macro and Micro-Scale Modeling of Polyurethane Foaming Processes
Authors: Geier Stephanie , Piesche Manfred
Published: October 2014

Polyurethane foam is used for manufacturing different kinds of products, such as refrigerators, car dashboards or steering wheels. First, we developed a macro-scale simulation tool that is able to predict foam flow in such complex molds. Depending on the location within a product, final properties of polyurethane foams may vary significantly. These properties (e.g. thermal conductivity or impact strength) are strongly dependent on local foam structure. Modeling complex geometries like refrigerators completely on bubble scale is neither possible nor would it be efficient. The computational effort would be enormous. Therefore, we developed a micro-scale model describing bubble growth and the evolution of the foam microstructure in polyurethane foams considering a limited number of bubbles in a representative volume. Finally, we coupled our macro and micro-scale simulation approaches. For that purpose, we introduced tracer particles into our mold filling simulations. We are able to record information about density and temperature changes or varying flow conditions along particle trajectories. This information is then used to set up corresponding simulations on bubble scale. Through this coupling, a basis for studying the evolution of the local foam microstructure in complex geometries is provided.
A Diffuse-Interface Tracking Method for the Numerical Simulation of Motions of a Two-Phase Fluid on a Solid Surface
Authors: Takada Naoki , Matsumoto Junichi , Matsumoto Sohei
Published: October 2014

Applicability of two kinds of computational-fluid-dynamics method adopting Cahn-Hilliard (CH) and Allen-Cahn (AC)-type diffuse-interface advection equations based on a phase-field model (PFM) is examined to simulation of motions of microscopic incompressible two-phase fluid on solid surface. A capillarity-driven gas-liquid motion in rectangular channel is simulated by use of a PFM method for solving Navier-Stokes (NS) equations and a CH equation, whereas an immiscible liquid-liquid flow in a microchannel with T-junction and square cross section is simulated by use of another PFM method proposed in this study, which adopts a lattice-Boltzmann method based on fictitious particles kinematics as numerical scheme for solving NS equations and an AC equation that is modified to improve volume-of-fluid conservation. The major findings are as follows: (1) effect of capillary force on the dynamic two-phase fluid system with a high density ratio is well predicted for cross-sectional aspect ratio of the channel = 1 and 2; (2) mono-dispersed slug flow pattern transition is reproduced in good agreement with experimental observations in terms of variation in length and interval of droplets as increasing their volumetric flow rates at a constant flow rate ratio = 1. These results prove that the PFM methods can be used for analyzing two-phase fluid motions in various microfluidic devices and micro fabrication processes.
Influence of Transient Thermal Response of Solid Wall on Bubble Dynamics in Pool Boiling
Authors: Zhang Liang , Li Zhen-Dong , Li Kai , Li Hui-Xiong , Zhao Jian-Fu
Published: October 2014

Numerical simulation of single bubble pool boiling process including transient thermal response of solid wall is performed using the ghost fluid method and the level set method for the sharp interface representation. The results show that non-physical initial condition in the numerical simulation deeply affects the process of bubble growth, and then multi-cycle simulation is necessary to eliminate its influence. It is shown by the present results that two nucleate criteria, i.e. constant waiting time and constant nucleate superheat, for determining the appearance time for the subsequent bubble lead to the same quasi-steady process of bubble growth if they are matched with each other. A periodically expanding and receding thermal “hollow” can be observed inside solid wall underneath the growing bubble. The recovery of the temperature on the nucleate site and the thermal boundary layer near the heating surface is influenced by transient heat conduction inside solid wall, which can affect evidently bubble thermal dynamics and heat transfer.
CFD for Subcooled Flow Boiling: Analysis of DEBORA Tests
Authors: Krepper Eckhard , Rzehak Roland
Published: October 2014

In this work we investigate the present capabilities of CFD for wall boiling. The computational model used combines the Euler/Euler two-phase flow description with heat flux partitioning. Very similar modelling was previously applied to boiling water under high pressure conditions relevant to nuclear power systems. Similar conditions in terms of the relevant non-dimensional numbers have been realized in the DEBORA tests using Dichlorodifluoromethane (R12) as the working fluid. This facilitated measurements of radial profiles for gas volume fraction, gas velocity, liquid temperature and bubble size.

Robust predictive capabilities of the modelling require that it is validated for a wide range of parameters. In previous studies (Krepper and Rzehak, 2011, 2013) it was shown that a careful calibration of correlations used in the wall boiling model is necessary to obtain agreement with the measured data. We here consider tests under a variety of conditions concerning liquid subcooling, flow rate and heat flux. It is investigated to which extent a set of calibrated model parameters suffices to cover at least a certain parameter range.

In the paper the potential of the application of a population balance model is demonstrated. The measured gas bubble size profiles show an increase of the bubble size with increased distance from the heated wall caused by bubble coalescence. Furthermore the model framework is shown to be able to describe a shift from wall peak to core peak in the radial gas volume fraction profiles with increasing inlet temperature respective decreasing subcooling temperature, which was observed in some test series.
Plasmodium falciparum infection rates for some Anopheles spp. from Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
Authors: Sanford Michelle R. , Cornel Anthony J. , Nieman Catelyn C. , Dinis Joao , Marsden Clare D. , Weakley Allison M. , Han Sarah , Rodrigues Amabelia , Lanzaro Gregory C. , Lee Yoosook
Published: October 2014

Presence of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a sample of Anopheles gambiae s.s., A. melas and A. pharoensis collected in Guinea-Bissau during October and November 2009. The percentage of P. falciparum infected samples (10.2% overall) was comparable to earlier studies from other sites in Guinea-Bissau (9.6-12.4%). The majority of the specimens collected were identified as A. gambiae which had an individual infection rate of 12.6 % across collection sites. A small number of specimens of A. coluzzii, A. coluzzii x A. gambiae hybrids, A. melas and A. pharoensis were collected and had infection rates of 4.3%, 4.1%, 11.1% and 33.3% respectively. Despite being present in low numbers in indoor collections, the exophilic feeding behaviors of A. melas (N=18) and A. pharoensis (N=6) and high infection rates observed in this survey suggest falciparum-malaria transmission potential outside of the protection of bed nets.
The Control of Sand Curtains Used in Abrasion Testing
Authors: Sabatino Daniel R.
Published: October 2014

Abrasion testing that follows the ASTM G65-04(2010) test method involves the delivery of a test sand to an abrasion wheel that removes material from a test specimen. The sand flow is controlled by a supply valve and delivered to a nozzle in order to form a uniform “curtain.” It has been found that as the nozzle exit area is increased, the sand flow becomes widely dispersed and unstable. An experimental study was performed to determine the cause of this effect and to identify a means to mitigate it. By visualizing the inlet and outlet flow of different nozzles it was found that the dispersed flow occurs when the feed tube does not completely fill with sand. This sparsely packed flow in the nozzle is able to exit with a wide range of exit angles and yields the dispersed flow pattern as well as a higher flow rate. It was found that when the flow is controlled at the nozzle outlet, allowing the system to completely fill with sand before the flow is initiated, a desirable narrow sand curtain forms because the particles are more closely packed and thus their motion is more constrained. The narrow curtain is associated with lower flow rates than the dispersed pattern for the same geometry and once established will remain stable until the flow is terminated.
The different requirement of l-T4 therapy in congenital athyreosis compared with adult-acquired hypothyroidism suggests a persisting thyroid hormone resistance at the hypothalamic–pituitary level
Authors: Bagattini Brunella , Cosmo Caterina Di , Montanelli Lucia , Piaggi Paolo , Ciampi Mariella , Agretti Patrizia , Marco Giuseppina De , Vitti Paolo , Tonacchera Massimo
Published: October 2014

Background

Levothyroxine (l-T4) is commonly employed to correct hormone deficiency in children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and in adult patients with iatrogenic hypothyroidism.

Objective

To compare the daily weight-based dosage of the replacement therapy withl-T4in athyreotic adult patients affected by CH and adult patients with thyroid nodular or cancer diseases treated by total thyroidectomy.

Design and methods

A total of 36 adult patients (27 females and nine males) aged 18–29 years were studied; 13 patients (age: 21.5±2.1, group CH) had athyreotic CH treated withl-T4since the first days of life. The remaining 23 patients (age: 24±2.7, group AH) had hypothyroidism after total thyroidectomy (14 patients previously affected by nodular disease and nine by thyroid carcinoma with clinical and biochemical remission). Patient weight, serum free thyroid hormones, TSH, thyroglobulin (Tg), anti-Tg, and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies were measured. Requiredl-T4dosage was evaluated. At the time of the observations, all patients presented free thyroid hormones within the normal range and TSH between 0.8 and 2 μIU/ml.

Results

Patients had undetectable Tg and anti-thyroid antibodies. The daily weight-based dosage of the replacement therapy withl-T4to reach euthyroidism in patients of group CH was significantly higher than that in those of group AH (2.16±0.36 vs 1.73±0.24 μg/kg,P<0.005). Patients of group CH treated withl-T4had significantly higher serum TSH levels than patients of group AH (P=0.05) as well as higher FT4concentrations.

Conclusions

To correct hypothyroidism, patients of group CH required a dailyl-T4dose/kg higher than group AH patients, despite higher levels of TSH. The different requirement of replacement therapy between adult patients with congenital and those with surgical athyroidism could be explained by a lack of thyroid hormones since fetal life in CH, which could determine a different set point of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis.
Sunitinib achieved fast and sustained control of VIPoma symptoms
Authors: de Mestier Louis , Walter Thomas , Brixi Hedia , Lombard-Bohas Catherine , Cadiot Guillaume
Published: October 2014

VIPomas are rare-functioning neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Overproduction of vasointestinal peptide (VIP) leads to the Verner–Morrison syndrome, whose management is challenging when refractory to somatostatin analogs. Two patients with progressive metastatic pancreatic NETs and refractory VIPoma symptoms were treated with sunitinib. This led to fast and sustained total relief of VIPoma symptoms, enabling earlier discharge from hospital and improvement in their quality of life. In both cases, sunitinib discontinuation led to the quick recurrence of watery diarrhea, which resolved within a few days after reintroducing sunitinib. The anti-secretory effect of sunitinib on VIPoma syndrome was probably not related to any anti-tumor effect. These observations agree with the rare reported cases of anti-secretory effects with targeted therapies. The sunitinib-driven inhibition of multiple-tyrosine kinase receptors might act on secretory pathways and describe sunitinib's ability to improve VIPoma symptoms. Sunitinib could be a therapeutic option to control refractory VIPoma symptoms in patients with NETs.
Understanding the Performance of a Microfluidic Electrolysis Cell for Routine Organic Electrosynthesis
Authors: Green Robert A. , Brown Richard C. D. , Pletcher Derek
Published: October 2014

In order for microflow electrolysis cells to make their full contribution to routine laboratory organic synthesis, they must be capable of carrying out reactions with good selectivity and high conversion at a high rate of conversion. In addition to appropriate choice of the electrolysis medium and control of the overall cell chemistry, both the design of the electrolysis cell (including materials of construction) and the correct selection of the cell current and flow rate of the solution are critical in determining performance. The conclusions are tested using the methoxylation of N-formylpyrrolidine as the test reaction in a microflow electrolysis cell with a single, long, patterned flow channel.
Effect of land use on mayfly assemblages structure in Neotropical headwater streams
Authors: SIEGLOCH ANA EMILIA , SURIANO MARCIA , SPIES MARCIA , FONSECA-GESSNER ALAÍDE
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was to test the effect of agricultural and forestry land use on the structure of mayfly assemblages in low-order streams. Twenty-nine headwater streams were investigated in the state of São Paulo. We analyzed 15 streams in pristine areas (mixed tropical rainforest, semideciduous forest and dense tropical rainforest), and 14 streams covered with sugarcane, eucalyptus and pasture. Mayfly richness obtained by rarefaction curves was higher in pristine areas (21 genera), especially in mixed and semideciduous forest when compared to land use (9 genera), where values were particularly low in sugarcane plantation (3 genera). The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination showed clear difference in mayfly assemblages between land uses and pristine areas, supported by analysis of similarity (R=0.67, p=0.001). In partial redundancy analysis (pRDA), the environmental descriptors that best explained differences in assemblage structure were Riparian, Channel and Environmental Inventory (RCE) index score, percentage of fine sediment stream substrate, water pH and land elevation. Our results show that agricultural and forestry land use has a strong negative effect on the structure of mayfly assemblages. These results also support the use of mayflies as environmental indicators, as some genera were sensitive to changes in land use, while others responded to naturally occurring changes in the study area.
Biflorin: an o-naphthoquinone of clinical significance
Authors: WISINTAINER GABRIELLE G.N.S. , SIMÕES EVELYNE R.B. , LEMOS TELMA L.G. , MOURA SIDNEI , SOUZA LUCIANA G.S. , FONSECA ALUISIO M. , MORAES MANOEL ODORICO , PESSOA CLAUDIA , ROESCH-ELY MARIANA , HENRIQUES JOÃO A.P.
Published: October 2014

Biflorin is an o-naphthoquinone with proven cytotoxic effects on tumor cells showing antimicrobial, antitumor and antimutagenic activities. Biflorin is an isolated compound taken from the roots of the plant Capraria biflora L. (Schrophulariaceae), indigenous of the West Indies and South America, which is located in temperate or tropical areas. This compound has shown to be strongly active against grampositive and alcohol-acid-resistant bacteria. It has been efficient in inhibiting the proliferation tumor cell lines CEM, HL-60, B16, HCT-8 and MCF-7. Recently, SK-Br3 cell line was treated with biflorin showing important cytotoxic effects. In this article, information related to the first structural characterization studies are presented, as well as the latest reports concerning the biological activity of this molecule.
Mao's steps in Monroe's backyard: towards a United States-China hegemonic struggle in Latin America?
Authors: León-Manríquez Jose , Alvarez Luis F.
Published: October 2014

Contrary to what could be expected given the United States' historical hegemony of Latin America, growing Chinese influence in this region has not led to a dispute between China and the US. Despite activism of hard-line groups in the United States, both parties have faced the issue with noticeable pragmatism. This attitude could be explained by three variables: the US political negligence towards Latin America in the Post-Cold War, the focus of Sino-Latin American relations on economic rather than geopolitical or ideological affairs, and the scanty relevance of the region in the top priorities of overall Washington-Beijing relations.
Swords into ploughshares? China's Soft Power strategy in Southeast Asia and its challenges1
Authors: Liu Tony Tai-Ting , Tsai Tung-Chieh
Published: October 2014

Since the 1990s, alongside China's economic growth, the international community has fostered a general anxiety towards a "China threat." In order to relieve itself from suspicion, China adopted the dual strategies of "harmonious worldview" and "good neighbor policy." The strategies led to the use of soft power in China's foreign policy. China aimed to reduce security concerns implied by the threat theory by supporting an image that caters to international peace and development. This article seeks to explain how China achieves its interests in Southeast Asia through the use of soft power. The authors address the concepts of "harmonious worldview" and "good neighbor policy" and how the twin strategies and soft power have shaped China's foreign policy in recent years. This article aims to provide insights into China's policy options in Southeast Asia in the near future.
China's rising Soft Power: the role of rhetoric in constructing China-Africa relations
Authors: Corkin Lucy Jane
Published: October 2014

As China turns increasingly to the cultivation of soft power in the course of developing its foreign policy, the use of political rhetoric and its explicit and implicit audiences become more and more important, both on a bilateral level and within the international arena at large. Using the case of China's relations with African countries, this article examines key themes within China's diplomatic narrative regarding its role on the African continent and contrasts with Western and African responses.
Brazil, China, US: a triangular relation?
Authors: Guilhon-Albuquerque José-Augusto
Published: October 2014

This article is divided in three sections. The first one explores the so-called "strategic partnership" between Brazil and China. In the second section we shall examine how US-China relations in the global system could affect both Brazil-US, and Brazil-China bilateral relations. A final section presents some recommendations for Brazil strategic orientations regarding the current systemic transition in the allotment of global power.
China's proposing behavior in Global Governance: the cases of the WTO Doha Round negotiation and G-20 process
Authors: Liu Hongsong
Published: October 2014

This article examines China's proposals on the reform of global governance, and discusses the main features of China's proposing behavior in the cases of the WTO Doha Round negotiation and G-20 Process. The main findings are: (1) in the critical junctures of global governance reform, China engaged the reform of the global governance institutions proactively, and put forward a series of reform proposals; (2) in proposing behavior, China argued the global governance institutions should be properly adjusted without intention to change the basic principles, refrained from playing a leadership role while proposing jointly with other countries, and upheld the principled idea of pro-development.
South-South relations and the English School of International Relations: Chinese and Brazilian ideas and involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Marques Joseph , Spanakos Anthony
Published: October 2014

The rise of large developing countries has led to considerable discussions of re-balancing global relations and giving greater priority to understanding South-South relations. This paper, in exploring the central ideas of Chinese and Brazilian foreign policy and the behavior of these two rising Southern countries toward Sub-Saharan Africa, argues that the English School of International Relations is well suited to understanding the intentions and actions that characterize South-South relations.
Between system maker and privileges taker: the role of China in the Greater Mekong Sub-region
Authors: Vu Truong-Minh
Published: October 2014

Utilizing China's leadership projects in the Great Mekong Sub-Region (GMS) as a case study, this paper aims to investigate whether China qualifies as an international leader. This work argues that its geographic position and economic rise allow China to be a "system maker and privilege taker," which is a dual role forming in economic-political relations in the GMS in the last ten years. China is among major driving forces to set up an economic zone in GMS. Growing Chinese regional power is intimately related to the creation of various hubs connecting regional transportation, communication and energy systems that foster the economic development of this region. However, China also proves dark sides of rising powers which take advantage of their privileges to gain benefits. As a "system maker" with its own position and capability, China has notably benefited from building hydropower systems. More importantly, while China is pursuing its benefits and privileges, its hydropower projects have caused some negative effects for the ecosystem in the region. The inflation of dam constructions in both China and GMS countries is raising concerns about using natural resources of the Mekong River. Our concluding part addresses the pressing need to start a serious discussion on the balance between national interests and regional solidarity within the formulation of Chinese foreign policy in GMS.
Chinese energy policy progress and challenges in the transition to low carbon development, 2006-2013
Authors: Basso Larissa , Viola Eduardo
Published: October 2014

If the world is not to jeopardize the chances for human life on Earth, climate change must be mitigated; therefore, achieving low carbon development is crucial. China is the world's greatest GHG emitter, energy producer and energy consumer; investigating its energy-climate policy developments and international positions are of utmost importance to understand and tackle current stumbling blocks of the global energy and climate governance.
Chinese engagement for Global Governance: aiming for a better room at the table?
Authors: Oliveira Henrique Altemani de , Leite Alexandre César Cunha
Published: October 2014

The text defends the thesis that China is aware that its process of modernization is still recent and needs more growth, maturation and consolidation to assume the role and responsibilities of a regional or even a global leader. This text pursues an understanding about the Chinese stance in relation to the negotiations for the redefinitions of the International Order and the International System (and, hence, Global Governance) and, secondly, seeks to perceive the reactions of non-developed and developed countries in relation to Chinese strategies.
The use of Virtual Reality for upper limb rehabilitation of hemiparetic Stroke patients
Authors: Soares Antonio Vinicius , Woellner Simone Suzuki , Andrade Camile dos Santos , Mesadri Thiago Julian , Bruckheimer Alessandro Diogo , Hounsell Marcelo da Silva
Published: October 2014

Introduction The Stroke is a neurologic disturbs that leads to a serious impact to the functionality and the quality of life of the survivors. It is necessary to develop new tools with rehabilitation objectives, where the Virtual Reality (VR) is introduced as a useful therapeutic resource to the motor recovery, in an attractive and efficient way, restoring functions through adapted games. Objective Analyzing the therapeutic effects of the Virtual Reality (Serious Game) in the recovery of the upper limb in hemiparetic Stroke patients. Methods Quasi-experimental research type time series, there are three pre and three post-tests already accomplished around 20 VR sessions. In the assessments the following measurement instruments were used: Fugl-Meyer Scale – session of the upper limb (FMS - UL); Range of Motion (ROM) for flexion and abduction shoulder; Box and Block Test (BBT); Nine Holes and Peg Test (9HPT); the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP); and the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Results Significant gains were observed in the FMS-UL tests, with increase of 25.6%; increase ROM of shoulder with 34.0% for abduction and 19% for flexion; BBT 25.0%; also reported improvement in quality of life by NHP; it did not occurred significant alterations for 9HPT nor in MAS. Conclusion Although the results found in this research are preliminary, they are indicative that the VR can contribute for the recovery of the upper limb in hemiparetic Stroke patients.
Importance of domestic guidelines for women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Freitas Síssi Sisconeto de , Meirelles Maria Cristina Cortez Carneiro , Mendonça Adriana Clemente
Published: October 2014

Introduction The importance of domestic guidelines as a help in the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) is evident, but its influence on the quality of life (QoL) of incontinent women, when applied without supervision, is unknown. Objective To evaluate the influence of domestic guidelines for the treatment of UI on the QoL of incontinent women. Methods This is a quasi-experimental before and after study. Seventy one women with UI and a mean age of 53.47 (± 14.21) years were assessed, instructed with the aid of an illustrative and explanatory folder and reassessed after six months using the King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ). KHQ data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test for paired samples, with significance level of 5%. Results There was a statistically proven improvement in six of the eight domains and in six of the ten symptoms assessed (p < 0.05). Conclusion We conclude that the domestic guidelines for treatment of UI positively influenced the QoL of the women who participated in this study.
Fear of falling and activity restriction{ in older adults from the urban community of Londrina: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fucahori Fabiana Satiko , Lopes Anália Rosário , Correia Juliana Jaqueline Aparecida , Silva Carolina Kruleske da , Trelha Celita Salmaso
Published: October 2014

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the fear of falling and restriction of activities in the elderly of the city of Londrina (PR). Materials and method A cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals over 60 years old of both sexes. They were interviewed at their home with the Falls Efficacy Scale International - Brazil the Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly a socio-demographic and health perception questionnaire. Results The participants were 38 elderly people (mean age 71.6 ± 6.1 years) with a prevalence of women (68.4%). The occurrence of a fall in the last year was reported by 44.7% of the elderly, and the prevalence of the fear of falling again by 56.3%. In the evaluation of the Falls Efficacy Scale, 97.4% of participants reported fear of falling in at least one of the activities while 55.3% had score ≥ 23 points showing high risk for falls. Fifty two percent of the elders restricted their activity due the fear of falling. Conclusion These results show a high frequency of fear of falling associated with restriction of activities and individuals with a high risk potential for falls. The evaluation of this data contributes to establishing indicators and development of preventive strategies and specific interventions for the elderly with fear of falling.
Effect of Global Postural Reeducation on cardiovascular system of healthy subjects
Authors: Abreu Elizângela Márcia de Carvalho , Cunha Tatiana Sousa , Paula Júnior Alderico Rodrigues de , Oliveira Marco Antonio de
Published: October 2014

Objective To evaluate the effect of Global Postural Reeducation (GPR) on cardiovascular system by heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Materials and methods Seventeen healthy men (22.47 ± 3.02 years) were submitted to the postures frog on the floor, frog on the air, sitting, standing against the wall and inclined standing, two postures per session. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and HR were recorded. The intervals between heartbeats were collected during the whole session (Polar S810i). The frequency domain was analyzed (Wavelet Transform), the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) were obtained. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey (p < 0.05). Results Increased LF/HF ratio was observed in the frog on the floor (1 ± 0.1 vs. 2 ± 0.3 p < 0.05) and on the air postures (1 ± 0.1 vs. 2 ± 0.2 p < 0.01). There was an increase in SBP in the postures frog on the floor (123 ± 2 vs. 136 ± 4 p < 0.05), frog on the air (122 ± 2 vs. 133 ± 3 p < 0.05), standing against the wall (123 ± 2 vs. 136 ± 4 p < 0.05), inclined standing (124 ± 3 vs. 146 ± 5 p < 0.05). There was increase of DBP in the postures frog on the floor (69 ± 2 vs. 81 ± 2 p < 0.01), frog on the air (72 ± 2 vs. 83 ± 3 p < 0.05), sitting (85 ± 2 vs. 102 ± 3 p < 0.01). There was increase in HR in the postures frog on the air (67 ± 2 vs. 77 ± 3 p < 0.05) and inclined standing (88 ± 3.5 vs. 101 ± 3 p < 0.05). Conclusion The increase in LF/HF ratio and also the BP and HR indicates high sympathetic activity, possibly related to the work isometric developed during GPR method. [P]
Influence of gender and physical exercise on balance of healthy young adults
Authors: Torres Sarina Francescato , Reis Júlia Guimarães , Abreu Daniela Cristina Carvalho de
Published: October 2014

Objective To verify the effects of gender and physical activity on postural sway. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze upright balance of young men and women between the ages of 20-30, both active and sedentary. Study participants were 60 individuals, who were divided into: active women (n = 15), sedentary women (n = 15), active men (n = 15) and sedentary men (n = 15). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form, was used to evaluate each participant’s level of physical activity. According to the questionnaire, active individuals are those who carry out moderate activity, with an energy expenditure between 3.5 and 6 METs (1 MET: 3.5 ml/kg/min), or vigorous activity, with an energy expenditure above 6 METs, at least three days a week for 20 minutes. To assess control of postural sway, we measured the amplitude and velocity of anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) sway in standing position, with their eyes open and closed, with and without foam, on a force platform. Results Comparison between genders revealed that, when compared to sedentary women, sedentary men displayed poorer performance in velocity and amplitude of AP postural control sway with their eyes closed, with and without foam. There were no differences in the amplitude and velocity of ML sway, both with open and closed eyes among groups (p < 0.05). There were no differences when comparing physically active men and women either. Conclusion Sedentary men seem to rely more on vision for maintaining postural control in quiet standing situations with respect to women.
Impact of physiotherapy on neuromotor development of premature newborns
Authors: Coutinho Giselle Athayde Xavier , Lemos Daniela de Mattos , Caldeira Antônio Prates
Published: October 2014

Introduction The population of children born prematurely has increased in line with improving the quality of perinatal care. It is essential to ensure to these children a healthy development. Objective We evaluate the neuromotor development of a group of preterm infants regularly assisted by a physiotherapy service in comparison to full-term newborns, checking, so the impact of the service. Materials and methods We randomly assigned preterm and full-term infants that formed two distinct groups. The group of preterm infants was inserted into a monitoring program of physiotherapy while the other infants were taken as a control group not receiving any assistance in physiotherapy. The groups were compared using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at forty-week, four and six months of corrected gestational age and the scores were compared using Student's t-test, assuming a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results The preterm group had significantly lower scores at 40th week compared to the control group, but subsequent scores showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion The timely and adequate stimulation was efficient to promote the motor development of premature infants included in a follow up clinic.
Postural biomechanical risks for nursing workersRiscos biomecânicos posturais em trabalhadores de enfermagem
Authors: Abdalla Douglas Reis , Freitas Fábio Sisconeto de , Matheus João Paulo Chieregato , Walsh Isabel Aparecida Porcatti de , Bertoncello Dernival
Published: October 2014

Introduction In the hospital environment, several types of professionals must be involved in continuous working shifts, under working conditions that are often unsatisfactory. Objective The objective of the present study was to analyze the biomechanical risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD). Material and methods This was a cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive and quantitative study and its analysis considered 15 workers, in three shifts. A questionnaire containing personal information and general data regarding the work environment was applied. The REBA protocol was used for posture assessment, once the workers were recorded while performing their activities. The results were presented descriptively. Results In light of the results obtained, the working day was found excessive, particularly considering the weekly frequency and period of time of the working shifts. The REBA protocol showed that the positions adopted presented high risk for the development of WRMD in all nine activities evaluated. Conclusion The nursing activities were characterized as stressful for the workers involved.
Analysis of cardiac exams: electrocardiogram and echocardiogram use In Duchenne muscular dystrophies
Authors: Bachur Cynthia Kallás , Garcia Marlon Hermógenes , Bernardino Camila Araújo , Requel Rogério Camillo , Bachur José Alexandre
Published: October 2014

Introduction Duchenne Muscular Dystrophies (DMD) is a genetic muscle disorder that causes degeneration and atrophy of skeletal muscle and heart. Objective The aim of this survey is accomplish an evaluation electrocardiographic and echocardiography in the patients bearers of Duchene Muscular Dystrophies (DMD), to observe which alterations, which the degree of cardiac compromising these patient present and the effectiveness of these exams in the evaluation cardiologic. Methods Nine patients of the sex male bearers of DMD, with medium age of 14.12 ± 4.19 years, varying of 7 to 23 years were appraised. All were submitted to the evaluation physiotherapy and the cardiologic: electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. Results The experimental conditions of the present survey we propitiate the observation of the alterations echocardiography, as well as: significant increase in the diastolic diameter of the left ventricular (LV), increase in the systolic diameter of the left atrium (LA), and significant decrease of the ejection fraction of the LV, characterizing global systolic function reduced, and of the alterations electrocardiographic suggested possible overload of RV, septum hypertrophy, blockade of left previous fascicle and overload of atrium left. Compatible alterations of hypertrophy left ventricular were not observed. Conclusion The evidences corroborate with the data described in the literature in the characterization of an important heart compromising that these patient present, like this the evaluation cardiologic, through the complemented exams of the echocardiography and electrocardiography provide important information for the prognostic, the accompaniment, and the treatment of patient bearers of DMD.
The Pilates® Method in the treatment of lower back pain
Authors: Vasconcellos Marcelo Henrique Oliveira de , Silva Ramon Diego Santana da , Santos Sheila Maria Bispo dos , Merlo José Reynaldo de Carvalho , Conceição Tatiana Maíta Alves
Published: October 2014

Introduction The Pilates® method incorporates a number of the guidelines recommended for therapeutic exercises considered to be effective in the treatment of chronic lower back pain, such as the contraction of the transversus abdominis and multifidus muscles, associated with breathing, while taking into account the individual characteristics of patients. Objective To assess the effects of the Pilates® method on the treatment of lower back pain. Method This systematic review includes papers published from 2000 to 2010 in the BIREME, LILACS, MEDLINE and SciELO databases. The keywords used were spinal stabilization, Pilates®, and back pain and their equivalents in Portuguese. Results Imbalance among the trunk’s agonist-antagonist muscles and the ineffective activation of the transversus abdominis are risk factors for the onset of lower back pain that can be mitigated with the practice of Pilates®-based exercises. Conclusion The method has clinical effects similar to those obtained with traditional stabilization exercises and Back School exercises in the treatment of chronic lower back pain and are considered more satisfactory than conservative treatments.
Iontophoresis: principles and applications
Authors: Krueger Eddy , Claudino Junior José Luiz , Scheeren Eduardo Mendonça , Neves Eduardo Borba , Mulinari Eduardo , Nohama Percy
Published: October 2014

Introduction Iontophoresis is a noninvasive technique used to increase transdermal penetration of substances through the skin layer (epidermis, dermis and hypodermis) in a controlled manner. Technological advance in recent decades have provided reduced cost of equipment needed for implementation, which allowed for the expansion of this technique. Objective The aim of this paper is to present the state of the art on iontophoresis, ranging from the atomic characteristics of the ion formation to the current applications of the technique. Methods Were researched papers from databases: IOP publishing, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Springer, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar and books with keywords iontophoresis, ions, topical applications between 1967 and 2010. Results Were selected (number of papers and database) 1 IOP Publishing, 1 from ScienceDirect, Central, 1 from Springer, 2 from PubMed, 11 from IEEE Xplore, 35 from Google Scholar, and 15 books, totaling 66 references and websites with nationally marketed electrotherapy products. Conclusion Iontophoresis is suitable for applications such as acetic acid (calcific tendinitis and myositis ossificans), calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate (control of musculoskeletal spasms), dexamethasone (inflammation), lidocaine (inflammation of soft tissues), zinc oxide (rheumatoid arthritis). It is also used in cosmetic applications with devices attached to the skin and for eye treatment aimed at specific tissues of the eye, providing a treatment option for various eye diseases, reducing the complications secondary to traditional methods of treatment. The advantages are the significant increase in the release and control of therapeutic agents, including drugs with high molecular weight. The disadvantages of iontophoresis are the complexity of the drug release system and prolonged exposure of the skin to an electrical current.
Superação de dormência em sementes de três espécies de Ipomoea
Authors: Pazuch Daiana , Trezzi Michelangelo Muzell , Diesel Francielli , Barancelli Marcos Vinícius Jaeger , Batistel Sorhaila Camila , Pasini Renato
Published: October 2014

O conhecimento do método de superação de dormência mais adequado para cada espécie auxilia na identificação do tipo de dormência, bem como na definição de estratégias de manejo que permitam o controle mais eficaz. As espécies do gênero Ipomoea encontram-se amplamente distribuídas nos estados brasileiros, as mais comumente encontradas em lavouras de soja na região Sudoeste do Paraná são I. purpurea, I. indivisa e I. grandifolia. Assim, neste trabalho, o objetivo foi selecionar métodos eficazes de superação da dormência nas espécies Ipomoea indivisa, I. grandifolia e I. purpurea e determinar como eles influenciam na cinética da germinação das sementes dessas espécies. Os tratamentos utilizados foram água quente, escarificação mecânica, escarificação mecânica + resfriamento, escarificação química e testemunha. Na avaliação do efeito dos tratamentos, determinou-se a porcentagem de germinação, tempo médio, índice de velocidade e frequência relativa de germinação. A escarificação com ácido sulfúrico incrementou a germinação das sementes de I. indivisa e I. purpurea e o índice de velocidade de germinação àquelas de I. purpurea. O tratamento com água quente foi o mais eficiente em promover a germinação das sementes de I. grandifolia, e em reduzir o tempo médio de germinação das sementes de I. grandifolia e I. purpurea, de forma que, nos tratamentos de superação de dormência, há sincronização do processo de germinação.
Teores de proteínas e lipídeos de Chlorella sp. cultivada em concentrado de dessalinização residual
Authors: Matos Ângelo Paggi , Morioka Luiz Rodrigo Ito , Sant'Anna Ernani Sebastião , França Kepler Borges
Published: October 2014

A dessalinização é um método de obtenção de água potável limitado pelos problemas ambientais, causados pelo resíduo gerado em seu processo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o cultivo de Chlorella sp., em meio de cultura a base de concentrado de dessalinização, e determinar os teores de proteínas e lipídeos ao longo dos ciclos de cultivo. Os cultivos foram desenvolvidos em fotobiorreatores cônicos invertidos (4L) e mantidos durante 28 dias resultando em quatro ciclos de cultivo. Para cada ciclo de cultivo, os valores de biomassa (peso seco, g L-1) resultaram em 1º ciclo, 1,55; 2º ciclo, 0,96; 3º ciclo, 0,62, e 4º ciclo em 0,42. Os teores de proteínas e lipídeos variaram entre 45,2 a 48,8% e 8,5 a 11,4%, respectivamente. O primeiro ciclo de cultivo apresentou a maior produtividade em biomassa (PB = 200 mg L-1 dia-1) e produtividade lipídica (PL = 19,6 mg L-1 dia-1), bem como o maior teor de proteínas (48,8%). O maior teor de lipídeos (11,4%) foi obtido no segundo ciclo de cultivo. Foi observado, nos quatro ciclos de cultivo, que a produtividade em biomassa está diretamente correlacionada com a produtividade lipídica, indicando que quanto maior a PB maior será a PL. Os resultados da cultura de Chlorella sp. demonstraram que é possível utilizar o concentrado de dessalinização residual como meio de cultura alternativo e obter biomassa ao longo de quatro ciclos de cultivo, sem comprometer os teores de proteínas e lipídeos na célula microalgal.
Total phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and antioxidant activity of lima beans conserved in a Brazilian Genebank
Authors: Agostini-Costa Tânia da Silveira , Teodoro Ana Flávia Pádua , Alves Rosa de Belem das Neves , Braga Leandro Ribeiro , Ribeiro Ieler Ferreira , Silva Joseane Padilha , Quintana Luciane Gomes , Burle Marília Lobo
Published: October 2014

The objective of this study was to characterize for the first time polyphenols and DPPH (2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical) antioxidant activity in commonly cultivated accessions of Phaseolus lunatus from an ex situ germplasm collection maintained by Embrapa, in Brazil. Furthermore, the study aimed to detect changes in total polyphenols, total flavonoids and condensed tannin for the same accessions after regeneration in a greenhouse. The results showed the diversity of the lima bean collection for phenolic compounds, which were strongly correlated with antioxidant activity. Lima beans accessions with the highest polyphenols and antioxidant activity were those with colored seeds. Conservation through cold storage of P. lunatus seeds in a cold chamber in the germplasm collection did not necessarily affect phenolic compounds. Variations observed in values after regeneration seeds may be mainly results of biotic and abiotic factors, including not only cultivar, but also environmental conditions. This study suggests that polyphenols in the lima beans present antioxidant activity, with possible beneficial effects for human health. It was expected that the potential of this tasty legume can be also used as a functional food crop and/or as a new ingredient in gastronomy.
Crescimento de Jacarandá-da-Bahia (Dalbergia nigra((Vell.) Fr. All. ex Benth)) sob diferentes doses de NPK
Authors: Gonçalves Elzimar de Oliveira , Paiva Haroldo Nogueira de , Neves Julio Cesar Lima , Klippel Valéria Hollunder , Caldeira Marcos Vinicius Winckler
Published: October 2014

O uso de mudas bem nutridas e de qualidade, é um dos fatores que contribui para o sucesso da implantação de plantios florestais. Neste estudo, objetivou-se verificar por meio de características morfológicas, os efeitos dos nutrientes nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio no crescimento de mudas do jacarandá-da-bahia (Dalbergia nigra ((Vell.) Fr. All. para estabelecer a dose ideal de cada nutriente a ser adicionada em diferentes substratos, visando a garantir a produção de mudas com melhor qualidade. Para tanto, as mudas foram produzidas, em três tipos de solos: Argissolo Vermelho-amarelo mestrófico (PVAm), Latossolo Vermelho-amarelo álico (LVAa) e Latossolo Vermelho-amarelo distrófico (LVAd). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no período de fevereiro de 2006 a junho de 2006. Foram delimitados 11 tratamentos, segundo uma matriz baconiana, onde se variaram os nutrientes (N, P e K) em três doses diferentes e dois tratamentos adicionais (zero e referência). Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As mudas foram plantadas em vasos com capacidade de 2,1 dm³, e após 120 dias da semeadura foram coletados as dados. Após análise dos dados, concluiu-se que para a produção de mudas de jacarandá-da-bahia recomenda-se a adição doses iguais ou superiores a 600 mg.dm-3 de P e 200 mg.dm-3 de N, quando se usar terra de subsolo na produção de mudas, provenientes de Latossolo Vermelho-amarelo e 300 mg.dm-3 de P e 90 mg.dm-3 de N quando usar Argissolo Vermelho-amarelo. Quanto à adição de K, como as mudas se mostraram pouco exigentes, ou os teores disponíveis nos solos foram suficientes para o suprimento de suas necessidades, recomenda-se a aplicação de dose mínima testada que é de 50 mg.dm-3 de solo, até que novos estudos com dose inferiores a esta sejam testados.
Stream flow regime of springs in the Mantiqueira Mountain Range region, Minas Gerais State
Authors: Oliveira Alisson Souza de , Silva Antônio Marciano da , Mello Carlos Rogério de , Alves Geovane Junqueira
Published: October 2014

The stream flow regime of four springs located in the Mantiqueira Mountain Range region (MG) was evaluated and correlated to the respective recharge area, relief characteristics, land cover and physical and hydrologic soil characteristics. The streamflow regime was characterized by monitoring of discharges, calculating the surface runoff and specific discharge and by modeling the discharge over the recession period using the Maillet method. As all recharge areas have similar relief the effect of it on the streamflow was not possible to identify. Analysis included determining the effect of drainage area size, soil characteristics and land cover on the indicators of the streamflow regime. Size of the recharge area had a positive influence on the indicators mean discharge and surface runoff volume and on the regulation of the streamflow regime (springs L4 and L1). The spring under the smallest area of influence provided the worst results for the above mentioned indicators (spring L3). The effect of forest cover (natural and planted), associated with soil characteristics, was evidenced by the indicators surface runoff (in depth) and specific yield, both independent of the recharge area size (springs L4 and L2). The interaction of area size, soil characteristics and forest cover (natural and planted) provided the best results for all indicators of streamflow regime in the springs studied in the Mantiqueira Mountain Range (spring L4).