BUDGET AND BUDGET SYSTEM OF RUSSIA
Authors:   North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia, Tadtaeva Naira V. 
Published: February 2025

The article highlights the essence and relationship of two categories that are most important for the country’s economy in modern conditions: the budget and the budget system. Through the budget system, at various periods of its development, the state has the opportunity to regulate and influence social and economic processes, respecting the interests of all members of society.
With the development and transformation of society, those financial resources that were mobilized into the budget system served as a guarantor for all government bodies in the state to fulfill their functions and obligations to citizens. Each country has its own budget system, demonstrating the social situation in it, political and economic.
The domestic budget system plays a very important role in the activities of the state. Fiscal policy has a global impact both on the development of the country, economic growth, and on the widespread implementation of the results of scientific and technological progress.
One of the most important institutions of the state in the Russian Federation is the budget system. It can be defined as a unified economic system of financial relations associated with the formation, distribution and use of income and expenses at all levels of the budget system. This is done to achieve certain goals of regulating economic and social processes in the interests of society.
Such a concept as a budget can be considered from several points of view (from economic or material). For example, as a fund of funds or financial relations. From a legal point of view, a budget is a state document that has the force of law, with a clear plan for the use of funds for the financial year.
Since we live in a period of development of the domestic economy, naturally our budget system periodically undergoes certain changes with one single goal – to improve the budgetary organization in the state. Every year, the role and importance of budgets increases, as they are the most important instruments of government regulation.
With the transition from a planned to a market economy, the country’s socio-economic system changed. Consequently, the most important mechanism promoting the development of the country is financial policy, of which the budget system is a part. The system of budgetary relations in the Russian Federation is constantly developing and improving in legal and economic-social directions.
The validity and relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that in a market economy, the role of the budgetary system in the regulation of economic processes by the state increases many times over. The main goal of the work is to study the budget system, the efficiency of its functioning and identify current problems, analysis of trends and prospects for its development, as well as development of recommendations for improving the development of the budgetary system.
To achieve your goals, you must complete the following tasks:
1) a statement of the essence of the budget, budget structure and budget system;
2) coverage of legislative regulation of the formation of budget revenues and expenditures and its execution;
3) it is necessary to study the problems and propose possible ways to resolve them, give recommendations for improving the state of the budgetary system;
4) consider the prospects for the development of the Russian budget system.
The budget system itself is the object of study. The subject is the structural elements of the budget system, as well as the problems of their activities and ways of improvement, taking into account development prospects.