bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contamination Assessment of Sediments and Bivalves in Estuaries of the Southern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Bonnail Estefanía , Cruz-Hernández Pablo , Antón-Martín Rocío , Riba Inmaculada , DelValls T. Ángel
Published: October 2024

Human activities directly impact estuaries, where the biota is exposed to sediment contamination. A contamination assessment was carried out in several estuaries in the Southern Iberian Peninsula. Sediment samples were analyzed for the presence of metals/metalloids, and bioaccumulation tests were conducted with clams (Ruditapes philippinarum). Huelva Estuary had the highest contamination levels, while the inner bay of Cádiz and the outer stations of the estuaries from Guadiana, Guadalquivir, Palmones, and Guadarranque were the lesser contaminated. All sampling points (except Huelva) had low contamination levels of As and Cd, but they had high concentrations of Cu. The elements Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, As, and Hg displayed correlations between the concentrations in sediments and the biota. High bioaccumulation of Zn, Cu, and As was observed in Huelva and Barbate. Important insights into the sediment contamination in Southern Iberian Peninsula estuaries suggest greater management and conservation efforts in these critical ecosystems.
The Application of an Improved LESS Dung Beetle Optimization in the Intelligent Topological Reconfiguration of ShipPower Systems
Authors: Tan Yinchao , Liu Sheng , Zhang Lanyong , Song Jian , Ren Yuanjie
Published: October 2024

To address the shortcomings of the Dung Beetle Optimization (DBO) algorithm in ship power-system fault reconfiguration, such as low population diversity and an imbalance between global exploration and local exploitation, the authors of this paper propose an improved Dung Beetle Optimization (LESSDBO) algorithm. The improvements include optimizing the initial population using Latin hypercube sampling and an elite population strategy, optimizing parameters with an improved sigmoid activation function, introducing the sine–cosine algorithm (SCA) for position update optimization, and performing multi-population mutation operations based on individual quality. The LESSDBO algorithm was applied to simulate the fault reconfiguration of a ship power system, and it was compared with the traditional DBO, Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MSCPSO) methods. The simulation results showed that LESSDBO outperformed the other algorithms in terms of convergence accuracy, convergence speed, and global search capability. Specifically, in the reconfiguration under Fault 1, LESSDBO achieved optimal convergence in seven iterations, reducing convergence iterations by more than 30% compared with the other algorithms. In the reconfiguration under Fault 2, LESSDBO achieved optimal convergence in eight iterations, reducing convergence iterations by more than 23% compared with the other algorithms. Additionally, in the reconfiguration under Fault Condition 1, LESSDBO achieved a minimum of four switch actions, which is 33% fewer than the other algorithms, on average. In the reconfiguration under Fault Condition 2, LESSDBO achieved a minimum of eight switch actions, which is a 5.9% reduction compared with the other algorithms. Furthermore, LESSDBO obtained the optimal reconfiguration solution in all 50 trials for both Faults 1 and 2, demonstrating a 100% optimal convergence probability and significantly enhancing the reliability and stability of the algorithm. The proposed method effectively overcomes the limitations of the traditional DBO in fault reconfiguration, providing an efficient and stable solution for the intelligent topology reconfiguration of ship power systems.
The Formation Criteria of LPSO Phase in Type I LPSO Mg-Y-X Alloy from the Perspective of Liquid–Solid Correlation
Authors: Ma Tangpeng , Wang Jin , Zhou Jixue , Qin Jingyu , Cheng Kaiming , Yu Huan , Zhao Dongqing , Yang Huabing , Zhan Chengwei , Zhao Guochen , Li Xinxin
Published: October 2024

The formation criteria of the LPSO phase are important for the design of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) Mg alloys. This work focuses on Type I LPSO Mg-Y-X alloys and attempts to explore the formation criteria of the LPSO phase from the perspective of liquid-solid correlation. With the aid of ab-initio molecular dynamics simulation, liquid Mg-Y-X alloys are investigated to obtain the common liquid characteristics from the reported Type I LPSO Mg-Y-X alloys. Following the liquid characteristics, a new Type I LPSO alloy, i.e., Mg-Y-Au, is experimentally confirmed. The discovery of a new Type I LPSO alloy supports liquid–solid correlation, and hence, the formation criteria of the LPSO phase in Type I LPSO alloys can be developed based on the common liquid characteristics of Type I LPSO Mg-Y-X alloys as follows: X should result in the reduction in equilibrium volume and cohesive energy; Y should repulse Y and be attracted by both Mg and X, and X should be repulsed by both Mg and X; X should enhance the threefold and fourfold symmetries and weaken the fivefold and sixfold ones so that the local structural symmetries are distributed close to liquid pure Mg.
How Do We Analyze the Accident Causation of Shield Construction of Water Conveyance Tunnels? A Method Based on the N-K Model and Complex Network
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xiang , Li Meng , Qi Guoqing
Published: October 2024

In the construction of water conveyance tunnels with the shield method, accidents have occurred from time to time, such as collapses and explosions, and it is of practical significance to explore the cause mechanism of the accident. However, previous research has not considered the effects of dependence between risks on the risk spread. In response, we propose a method based on the Natural Killing Model (the N-K Model) and complex network theory to analyze the cause of shield construction accidents in water conveyance tunnels. By deeply exploring the transmission mechanism and action intensity between system risks, this method can scientifically clarify the accident cause mechanism and provide support for engineering construction safety management. The method constructs a risk index system. Secondly, we introduce the N-K model to reveal the risk coupling mechanism. Then, based on complex network theory, we construct the incident causation model and revise the node’s centrality with the coupling value. Finally, the network topology parameters are calculated to quantitatively describe the causal characteristics of accidents, revealing the risk evolution process and critical causes. The research results indicate that the key causes of accidents are failure to construct according to regulations, inadequate emergency measures, poor ability of judgment and decision-making, and insufficient understanding of abnormal situations. The front end of critical links is subject to human or management risks and should be carefully controlled during construction.
Approaches for the On-Line Three-Dimensional Knapsack Problem with Buffering and Repacking
Authors: Huertas Arango Juan Manuel , Pantoja-Benavides German , Valero Sebastián , Álvarez-Martínez David
Published: October 2024

The rapid growth of the e-commerce sector, particularly in Latin America, has highlighted the need for more efficient automated packing and distribution systems. This study presents heuristic algorithms to solve the online three-dimensional knapsack problem (OSKP), incorporating buffering and repacking strategies to optimize space utilization in automated packing environments. These strategies enable the system to handle the stochastic nature of item arrivals and improve container utilization by temporarily storing boxes (buffering) and rearranging already packed boxes (repacking) to enhance packing efficiency. Computational experiments conducted on specialized datasets from the existing literature demonstrate that the proposed heuristics perform comparably to state-of-the-art methodologies. Moreover, physical experiments were conducted on a robotic packing cell to determine the time that buffering and repacking implicate. The contributions of this paper lie in the integration of buffering and repacking into the OSKP, the development of tailored heuristics, and the validation of these heuristics in both simulated and real-world environments. The findings indicate that including buffering and repacking strategies significantly improves space utilization in automated packing systems. However, they significantly increase the time spent packing.
Cell Type-Specific Anti- and Pro-Oxidative Effects of Punica granatum L. Ellagitannins
Authors: Olchowik-Grabarek Ewa , Sekowski Szymon , Mierzwinska Iga , Zukowska Izabela , Abdulladjanova Nodira , Shlyonsky Vadim , Zamaraeva Maria
Published: October 2024

Pomegranate and its by-products contain a broad spectrum of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins, having pleiotropic preventive and prophylactic properties in health disorders related to oxidative stress and microbial contamination. Here, we examined the biological effects of a pomegranate peel ellagitannins-enriched (>90%) extract, PETE. In vitro studies revealed that PETE has a strong antiradical action towards synthetic radicals and biologically relevant ROS surpassing or comparable to that of Trolox. In cellular models, it showed concentration-dependent (25–100 µg/mL) yet opposing effects depending on the cell membrane type and exposure conditions. In erythrocytes, PETE protected membrane integrity in the presence of the strong oxidant HClO and restored reduced glutathione levels to up to 85% of the control value while having much weaker acute and long-term intrinsic effects. Such protection persisted even after the removal of the extract from cells, indicating strong membrane interaction. In HeLa cancer cells, and at concentrations lower than those used for red blood cells, PETE induced robust potentiation of ROS production and mitochondrial potential dissipation, leading to autophagy-like membrane morphology changes and cell death. In S. aureus, the growth arrest and bacterial death in the presence of PETE (with MIC = 31.25 µg/mL and MBC = 125 µg/mL, respectively) can be linked to the tripled ROS induction by the extract in the same concentration range. This study indicates a specificity of ROS production by the pomegranate extract depending on the type of cell, the concentration of the extract and the time of incubation. This specificity witnesses a strong potential of the extract components as candidates in antioxidant and pro-oxidant therapy.
Effects of Inosine-5′-monophosphate Dehydrogenase (IMPDH/GuaB) Inhibitors on Borrelia burgdorferi Growth in Standard and Modified Culture Conditions
Authors: Siegel Eric L. , Rich Connor , Saravanan Sanchana , Pearson Patrick , Xu Guang , Rich Stephen M.
Published: October 2024

Borrelia burgdorferi’s inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH, GuaB encoded by the guaB gene) is a potential therapeutic target. GuaB is necessary for B. burgdorferi replication in mammalian hosts but not in standard laboratory culture conditions. Therefore, we cannot test novel GuaB inhibitors against B. burgdorferi without utilizing mammalian infection models. This study aimed to evaluate modifications to a standard growth medium that may mimic mammalian conditions and induce the requirement of GuaB usage for replication. The effects of two GuaB inhibitors (mycophenolic acid, 6-chloropurine riboside at 125 μM and 250 μM) were assessed against B. burgdorferi (guaB+) grown in standard Barbour–Stoenner–Kelly-II (BSK-II) medium (6% rabbit serum) and BSK-II modified to 60% concentration rabbit serum (BSK-II/60% serum). BSK-II directly supplemented with adenine, hypoxanthine, and nicotinamide (75 μM each, BSK-II/AHN) was also considered as a comparison group. In standard BSK-II, neither mycophenolic acid nor 6-chloropurine riboside affected B. burgdorferi growth. Based on an ANOVA, a dose-dependent increase in drug effects was observed in the modified growth conditions (F = 4.471, p = 0.001). Considering higher drug concentrations at exponential growth, mycophenolic acid at 250 μM reduced spirochete replication by 48% in BSK-II/60% serum and by 50% in BSK-II/AHN (p < 0.001 each). 6-chloropurine riboside was more effective in both mediums than mycophenolic acid, reducing replication by 64% in BSK-II/60% serum and 65% in BSK-II/AHN (p < 0.001 each). These results demonstrate that modifying BSK-II medium with physiologically relevant levels of mammalian serum supports replication and induces the effects of GuaB inhibitors. This represents the first use of GuaB inhibitors against Borrelia burgdorferi, building on tests against purified B. burgdorferi GuaB. The strong effects of 6-chloropurine riboside indicate that B. burgdorferi can salvage and phosphorylate these purine derivative analogs. Therefore, this type of molecule may be considered for future drug development. Optimization of this culture system will allow for better assessment of novel Borrelia-specific GuaB inhibitor molecules for Lyme disease interventions. The use of GuaB inhibitors as broadcast sprays or feed baits should also be evaluated to reduce spirochete load in competent reservoir hosts.
Acute Retinal Necrosis Associated with Epstein–Barr Virus Successfully Treated with Antiviral Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: You Heejeong , Kim Joonhyung
Published: October 2024

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a rare cause of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) and is known for its poor prognosis and limited response to conventional antiviral treatment. Herein, we report a case of EBV ARN successfully treated with conventional systemic acyclovir and intravitreal ganciclovir injection. An 85-year-old man presented with visual disturbance of the right eye from 10 days prior. His visual acuity was 20/200 in the right eye and slit lamp examination showed keratic precipitates, 4+ anterior chamber cells, and 1+ anterior vitreous cells. Fundus examination revealed multiple retinal hemorrhages and yellow-whitish necrotic lesion. The patient was clinically diagnosed with ARN. A few days later, EBV DNA was identified in the aqueous humor and in the serum PCR assay. The patient received 350 mg of intravenous acyclovir three times a day with oral prednisolone, and an intravitreal ganciclovir injection (2 mg per dose) was given five times. Over the course of seven weeks, systemic acyclovir was switched to 1g of per-oral valaciclovir three times a day, and oral steroids were successfully tapered. His visual acuity improved to 20/100, and the previous necrotic lesion was markedly decreased in size. Intravenous acyclovir combined with intravitreal ganciclovir may yield successful treatment outcomes in acute retinal necrosis caused by EBV.
Genesis of Xinjiazui Gold Deposit: In Situ Geochemical Constraints from Arsenopyrite
Authors: Liu Ji , Kou Shaolei , Wang Zhanbin , Zhang Yixiang , Pan Yuan , Ji Dongping , Tian Yuan , Chen Hao , Gao Chao
Published: October 2024

The Xinjiazui gold deposit marks a notable significance in prospecting within the Back-Longmenshan tectonic belt, located on the northwest margin of the Yangtze Block, China. Despite the extensive studies conducted on this deposit, the source of the ore-forming materials remains unclear, leading to ongoing debates regarding the genesis of this deposit. This study analyzed in situ (EPMA and LA-ICP-MS) trace elements and S-Pb isotopes of arsenopyrite, solely from the principal metallogenic stage and paragenetic with native gold. The results show that the gold in arsenopyrite occurs as invisible gold (Au3+), with an average concentration of 9.38 ppm, whereas the concentrations of magma-related elements, such as W, Sn, Mo, and Bi, are very low. The sulfur isotopes (34S) of arsenopyrite range from 8.32‰ to 10.16‰, aligning closely with the deep metamorphic basement (Pt3l). Meanwhile, the lead isotopes in arsenopyrite display characteristics typical of those found in orogenic belts. A comprehensive analysis of the abundance of gold indicated that the metallogenic materials (sulfur and gold) primarily originated from Pt3l. Additionally, the arsenopyrite thermobarometer indicated that the Xinjiazui gold deposit formed in a medium–low-temperature, medium metallogenic environment (5.57–8.69 km), with a sulfur fugacity (log f (S2)) below −8.4. Combined with previous research results, this study proposes that the Xinjiazui gold deposit is a subduction-related mesozonal orogenic gold deposit. In gold prospecting and exploration in the Back-Longmenshan tectonic belt, it is essential to focus on the distribution of brittle-ductile shear zones and location of the quartz veins associated with pyrite and arsenopyrite mineralization.
Serendipitous Conversion of an Acetylamino Dideoxy-Octonic Acid Derivate into a Functionalized Carbohydrate–Pyrazole Conjugate and Investigation of the Method´s General Applicability
Authors: Berl Jelena K. , Czaschke Christian , Pramor Ann-Kathrin , Stark Christian B. W. , Thiem Joachim
Published: October 2024

By treatment of the peracetylated methylester of 4-acetylamino-2,4-dideoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-octonic acid (ADOA-PAE) with nitrosyl tetrafluoroborate, a serendipitous formation of a highly functionalized carbohydrate–pyrazole conjugate was observed in 95% yield. This observation is remarkable, as it involves a five-step one-pot synthesis that proceeds via an 1,3-acyl shift and a 1,5-electrocyclization, which usually requires thermal conditions; however, the reaction occurred at a temperature of 0 °C. Additionally, the excellent yield of the carbohydrate-decorated pyrazole and the regiospecificity of the cyclization are of particular interest, as regioselectivity is always a challenge in pyrazole synthesis. Subsequently, this novel access to pyrazoles starting from N-acetyl-allyl amides via nitrosation and electrocyclization was investigated. In addition, mechanistic studies for the formation of substituted pyrazoles of type were carried out.
The Development of a Flexible Humidity Sensor Using MWCNT/PVA Thin Films
Authors: Santos Ana R. , Viana Júlio C.
Published: October 2024

The exponential demand for real-time monitoring applications has altered the course of sensor development, from sensor electronics miniaturization, e.g., resorting to printing techniques, to low-cost, flexible and functional wearable materials. Humidity sensing has been used in the prevention and diagnosis of medical conditions, as well as in the assessment of physical comfort. This paper presents a resistive flexible humidity sensor composed of silver interdigitated electrodes (IDTs) screen printed onto polyimide film and an active layer of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersed in a water-soluble polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Different MWCNT/PVA sensor sizes and MWCNT percentages are tested to study their effect on the initial electrical resistance (Ri) values and sensor response at different humidity percentages. The results show that the Ri values decrease with the increase in % MWCNT. The sensor size did not influence the sensor response, while the % MWCNT affected the sensor behavior upon relative humidity (RH) increments. The 1% MWCNT/PVA sensor showed the best response, reaching a relative electrical resistance, ΔR/R0, of 509% at 99% RH. Comparable with other reported sensors, the produced MWCNT/PVA flexible sensor is simpler, greener and shows a good sensitivity to humidity, being easily incorporated in wearable monitoring applications, from sports to medical fields.
Microbiota Transplantation in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and a High Degree of Insulin Resistance
Authors: Gómez-Pérez Ana María , Muñoz-Garach Araceli , Lasserrot-Cuadrado Agustín , Moreno-Indias Isabel , Tinahones Francisco J.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the results of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy lean subjects in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D); Methods: We designed a phase II, randomized, single-blind, parallel-arm clinical trial. Twenty-one subjects (12 men [57.1%] and 9 women [42.9%]), who had previously signed an informed consent were randomized to FMT from lean donors, a probiotic (Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus LB-14), or placebo. Mean age at baseline was 62.5 ± 5.8 years and mean body mass index (BMI) at baseline was approximately 32.4 ± 2.4 kg/m2. Anthropometric measures, biochemical variables, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and a stool microbiota analysis were performed (baseline, 4 and 12 weeks). The trial was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice Guides (CPMP/ICH/135/95) and the current Spanish legislation regarding clinical trials (RD 223/2004).; Results: FMT changes occurred at the expense of the species found in the donor. No differences in weight, body mass index, HbA1c, or the results of the OGTT for glucose and insulin were found between groups after the intervention, although a decrease in uric acid was observed in the probiotic group (−0.5 mg/dL; p = 0.037) and a mild increase in HbA1c in the FMT group (+0.25%; p = 0.041); Conclusions: In our sample, neither FMT from healthy and lean donors nor a probiotic were effective in improving insulin sensitivity and HbA1c in patients with T2D.
Global Trends and Research Collaborations on Food and Beverages Warning Labels: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Hernández-Vásquez Akram , Visconti-Lopez Fabriccio J. , Vargas-Fernández Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a global health challenge, accounting for 74% of deaths worldwide. One of the recommended interventions to reduce the risk of NCDs is the implementation of warning labels (WLs) on food products to alert consumers about high levels of undesirable nutrients, such as sugar or saturated fats. We aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of scientific literature related to WL policies in food and beverages to evaluate global trends and collaborations. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Articles published between 1998 and 2023 were retrieved using the search terms “warning labels” AND “food” OR “beverage”. Bibliometric indicators, including publication counts, citations, collaborations, and thematic trends, were analyzed using the Bibliometrix package in R and VOSviewer. Results: We included 255 articles on WLs. Scientific production increased markedly from 2018 onwards, with over 30 articles published annually from 2018 to 2023. The most cited article, by Taillie et al., focused on the impact of Chile’s WL policies. The United States had the largest scientific production, followed by Brazil and Chile. Nutrients was the journal with the most publications on this topic. Conclusions: The growth in WL-related research, particularly in Latin America, reflects the increasing implementation of these policies. These results underscore key collaborations and evolving research themes, from food labeling to broader public health impacts, emphasizing the need for continued evaluation of WL effectiveness.
Nanotherapy for Cancer and Biological Activities of Green Synthesized AgNPs Using Aqueous Saussurea costus Leaves and Roots Extracts
Authors: Almayouf Mina A. , Charguia Raihane , Awad Manal A. , Ben Bacha Abir , Ben Abdelmalek Imen
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Nanoparticles derived from medicinal plants are gaining attention for their diverse biological activities and potential therapeutic applications. Methods: This study explored the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoral, and antimicrobial properties of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous leaf and root extracts of Saussurea costus (S. costus). The physicochemical characterizations of both biosynthesized AgNPs using the aqueous leaf extract (L-AgNPs) and root extract (R-AgNPs) were examined using UV spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity measured using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays showed that AgNPs, particularly from roots, had higher activity than aqueous extracts, attributed to phenolic compounds acting as capping and antioxidant agents. Results: Enzyme inhibition studies indicated that AgNPs exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting COX-1, 5-LOX, and secreted PLA2 enzymes by over 99% at 120 µg/mL, comparable to standard drugs. The anti-tumoral effects were evaluated on the human cancer cell lines HCT-116, LoVo, and MDA-MB-231, with AgNPs inhibiting cell proliferation dose-dependently and IC50 values between 42 and 60 µg/mL, demonstrating greater potency than extracts. The AgNPs also showed enhanced antimicrobial activities against various microbial strains, with IC50 values as low as 14 µg/mL, which could be linked to nanoparticle interactions with microbial cell membranes, causing structural damage and cell death. Conclusions: These findings suggest that S. costus-derived AgNPs are promising natural, biodegradable agents for various biological applications and potential new therapeutic agents, necessitating further research to explore their mechanisms and applications.
Evaluation of U-Notch and V-Notch Geometries on the Mechanical Behavior of PVDF: The DIC Technique and FEA Approach
Authors: Pereira Ingrid C. S. , de Sousa José Renato M. , Costa Celio A.
Published: October 2024

The notch effect of semicrystalline PVDF was investigated using U- and V-notch geometries with different depths, and tensile tests were performed at 23 °C using the DIC technique and FEA. Both unnotched and notched dumbbell-shaped specimens were subjected to tensile loading with the DIC technique to obtain mechanical curves and strain maps. The experimental data were compared to a numerical model, analyzing both global mechanical curves and local strain maps around the notch region to assess the accuracy of the simulations. The results demonstrated that the geometry and depth of the notch influence the mechanical behavior of PVDF, presenting a decrease in load and displacement compared to unnotched specimens. This aspect was corroborated by strain maps, which showed the increase in the local strain around the notch tip. For FEA, the global analysis indicated a good correlation with experimental results, and the local analysis demonstrated a reasonable agreement in strain map results within 0.5 mm of the notch neighborhood. Overall, the DIC technique and FEA provided a reliable evaluation of notch behavior on the PVDF used as pressure sheaths with reasonable precision.
Analysis of the Biennial Productivity of Arabica Coffee with Google Earth Engine in the Northeast Region of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Manoel Maria Cecilia , Rosa Marcos Reis , Queiroz Alfredo Pereira de
Published: October 2024

Numerous challenges are associated with the classification of satellite images of coffee plantations. The spectral similarity with other types of land use, variations in altitude, topography, production system (shaded and sun), and the change in spectral signature throughout the phenological cycle are examples that affect the process. This research investigates the influence of biennial Arabica coffee productivity on the accuracy of Landsat-8 image classification. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and the Random Forest algorithm were used to process the annual and biennial mosaics of the Média Mogiana Region, São Paulo (Brazil), from 2017 to 2023. The parameters evaluated were the general hits of the seven classes of land use and coffee errors of commission and omission. It was found that the seasonality of the plant and its development phases were fundamental in the quality of coffee classification. The use of biennial mosaics, with Landsat-8 images, Brightness, Greenness, Wetness, SRTM data (elevation, aspect, slope), and LST data (Land Surface Temperature) also contributed to improving the process, generating a classification accuracy of 88.8% and reducing coffee omission errors to 22%.
Dense 3D Point Cloud Environmental Mapping Using Millimeter-Wave Radar
Authors: Zeng Zhiyuan , Wen Jie , Luo Jianan , Ding Gege , Geng Xiongfei
Published: October 2024

To address the challenges of sparse point clouds in current MIMO millimeter-wave radar environmental mapping, this paper proposes a dense 3D millimeter-wave radar point cloud environmental mapping algorithm. In the preprocessing phase, a radar SLAM-based approach is introduced to construct local submaps, which replaces the direct use of radar point cloud frames. This not only reduces data dimensionality but also enables the proposed method to handle scenarios involving vehicle motion with varying speeds. Building on this, a 3D-RadarHR cross-modal learning network is proposed, which uses LiDAR as the target output to train the radar submaps, thereby generating a dense millimeter-wave radar point cloud map. Experimental results across multiple scenarios, including outdoor environments and underground tunnels, demonstrate that the proposed method can increase the point cloud density of millimeter-wave radar environmental maps by over 50 times, with a point cloud accuracy better than 0.1 m. Compared to existing algorithms, the proposed method achieves superior environmental map reconstruction performance while maintaining a real-time processing rate of 15 Hz.
Monocyte and Macrophage Functions in Oncogenic Viral Infections
Authors: Echevarria-Lima Juliana , Moles Ramona
Published: October 2024

Monocytes and macrophages are part of innate immunity and constitute the first line of defense against pathogens. Bone marrow-derived monocytes circulate in the bloodstream for one to three days and then typically migrate into tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages. Circulatory monocytes represent 5% of the nucleated cells in normal adult blood. Following differentiation, macrophages are distributed into various tissues and organs to take residence and maintain body homeostasis. Emerging evidence has highlighted the critical role of monocytes/macrophages in oncogenic viral infections, mainly their crucial functions in viral persistence and disease progression. These findings open opportunities to target innate immunity in the context of oncogenic viruses and to explore their potential as immunotherapies.
Viral Diversity in Mixed Tree Fruit Production Systems Determined through Bee-Mediated Pollen Collection
Authors: Vansia Raj , Smadi Malek , Phelan James , Wang Aiming , Bilodeau Guillaume J. , Pernal Stephen F. , Guarna M. Marta , Rott Michael , Griffiths Jonathan S.
Published: October 2024

Commercially cultivated Prunus species are commonly grown in adjacent or mixed orchards and can be infected with unique or commonly shared viruses. Apple (Malus domestica), another member of the Rosacea and distantly related to Prunus, can share the same growing regions and common pathogens. Pollen can be a major route for virus transmission, and analysis of the pollen virome in tree fruit orchards can provide insights into these virus pathogen complexes from mixed production sites. Commercial honey bee (Apis mellifera) pollination is essential for improved fruit sets and yields in tree fruit production systems. To better understand the pollen-associated virome in tree fruits, metagenomics-based detection of plant viruses was employed on bee and pollen samples collected at four time points during the peak bloom period of apricot, cherry, peach, and apple trees at one orchard site. Twenty-one unique viruses were detected in samples collected during tree fruit blooms, including prune dwarf virus (PDV) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) (Genus Ilarvirus, family Bromoviridae), Secoviridae family members tomato ringspot virus (genus Nepovirus), tobacco ringspot virus (genus Nepovirus), prunus virus F (genus Fabavirus), and Betaflexiviridae family member cherry virus A (CVA; genus Capillovirus). Viruses were also identified in composite leaf and flower samples to compare the pollen virome with the virome associated with vegetative tissues. At all four time points, a greater diversity of viruses was detected in the bee and pollen samples. Finally, the nucleotide sequence diversity of the coat protein regions of CVA, PDV, and PNRSV was profiled from this site, demonstrating a wide range of sequence diversity in pollen samples from this site. These results demonstrate the benefits of area-wide monitoring through bee pollination activities and provide new insights into the diversity of viruses in tree fruit pollination ecosystems.
Assimilation of Satellite-Derived Reservoir Storage Data to Improve Global Hydrodynamic Modeling
Authors: Liu Ping , Ran Yulong , Zhao Yimeng , Lu Zehao , Hao Shufeng , Wang Shengyu , Tian Feng
Published: October 2024

In this study, we explore the potential of assimilating satellite-derived reservoir storage data into the global-scale hydrodynamic model CaMa-Flood, focusing on the Yangtze River basin. We evaluated three data assimilation (DA) methods: direct assimilation (DIR), anomaly based assimilation (ANO), and normalized assimilation (NOM). Our results show that the DIR method achieved the most significant improvements in reservoir storage and downstream discharge simulations. DIR reduced the average relative root mean square error (rRMSE) of reservoir storage estimates by 80.5%, and increased discharge correlation (ΔCC) by 78.6% in the 14 validated discharge stations. ANO, while effective in certain cases, led to mixed results, with 56.4% of the 39 assimilated dams showing improved storage estimates and a modest 7.8% reduction in average RMSE. NOM had minimal impact, with negligible changes in RMSE or discharge correlation (ΔCC). The direct assimilation method (DIR) consistently outperformed the others, improving both reservoir storage and downstream discharge estimates. However, the magnitude of improvement varied across locations, highlighting the need for the further refinement of DA techniques and input data, especially for regions with complex reservoir operations. Our findings enhance reservoir representation in global hydrodynamic models and improve the predictability of river dynamics and water resource management.
A Fuzzy C-means Algorithm to Detect Learning Styles in Online Learning Environment
Authors:   School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China, Muhammad Bello Ahmad
Published: October 2024

The ability to detect learners’ learning styles based on their learning behaviors is of utmost importance for online educational systems, as it greatly enhances student engagement, motivation, and overall learning outcomes. Knowing the learning preferences of learners may significantly aid in creating personalized learning recommendations and empower learners to identify their own learning styles. However, learners exhibit diverse behaviors in an online setting, which poses significant difficulties in detecting their learning style. This paper proposes a novel approach for detecting learning styles using graph representation learning techniques and machine learning algorithms. While our approach is not reliant on a particular learning style model, our approach may be divided into two distinct parts. Initially, we represented the behavior of learners as a bipartite graph and then transformed this graph into a lower-dimensional representation using the graph embedding approach. This lower-dimensional representation was then utilized for machine learning tasks. Furthermore, we categorize the encoded learner’s sequence using a clustering technique based on the selected learning style model. Our methodology uses the Felder-Silverman model as the learning style model and the Fuzzy C-means algorithm as a clustering technique. Our approach was evaluated using the 2015 KDD Cup dataset through a series of comprehensive experiments to showcase its effectiveness. The findings demonstrate that our approach surpasses the previous approach, achieving an average precision of 0.8737 and an accuracy of 0.9182.
GAT-LS: A Graph Attention Network for Learning Style Detection in Online Learning Environment
Authors:   School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710062, China, Suo Wanying , Muhammad Bello Ahmad ,   School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan, 453003, China, Zhang Zhichao ,   School of Information Science and Technology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China, Liu Bo ,   School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710062, China
Published: October 2024

In the context of the information age, the rapid growth and increasing diversity of learning resources underscore the urgency of personalized learning, while learning style is the most crucial factor to consider in personalized learning as it significantly influences students’ academic achievements and learning experiences. Traditional methods of assessing learning styles, such as completing questionnaires, have many drawbacks, including subjectivity and time costs. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have been exploring automatic methods to identify learning styles by analyzing students’ interactive behaviors. Motivated by these limitations, we propose a learning style detection method using a graph attention network (GAT), named GAT-LS. We originally constructed a bipartite graph between learners and learning materials, utilizing node features to represent the students’ behavior. Subsequently, we employ GAT to obtain hidden vectors for the graph nodes. These hidden vectors encapsulate both the overall graph information and the importance of neighboring nodes. We employ a multi-head attention network to process student nodes and combine a dropout mechanism with a single-layer attention network to process learning material nodes. Finally, we map the obtained hidden node features to the Felder-Silverman learning style model (FSLSM) and use K-means clustering to detect learning styles. The proposed method can be integrated into various types of educational systems or online learning platforms, providing a better educational experience and learning resource recommendations for both teachers and students. Experiments on the real-world dataset, KDD CUP 2015, demonstrated the superiority of our method. Our proposed approach achieved outstanding results with average values of 0.9647 accuracy, 0.9478 precision, 0.9171 recall, and 0.9346 F1 score.
Architectural Design and Test Case Analysis of a Simulator for Failure Localization
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada, Lu Xiangzhu , Jiao Yan ,   Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada, Ho Pin-Han ,   Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the design and implementation of a simulator comprising the following components: a rule database, a topology generator, a failure generator, and an alarm generator. The topology generator produces network topologies to simulate various network conditions, while the failure generator generates simulated failures. Subsequently, the alarm generator utilizes the rule database to generate corresponding alarm data. The generated data structures include failures/alarms, alarm flows, alarm chains, and alarm correlation trees. Furthermore, a test case is introduced to validate the accuracy of the simulator.
Variability of low frequency laboratory measurements of acoustic isolation of floor/ceiling assemblies
Authors: WAY Evelyn
Published: October 2024

It has long been recognized that building acoustics measurements performed in laboratories exhibit a high degree of variability between and within labs. Traditional metrics limited the use of data to above the 100Hz or 125Hz one-third octave bands. In recent years, focus has widened
the range of frequencies of interest to the 50Hz one-third octave band or lower. Analyzing measurements of low frequencies in buildings is complicated by the physical reality of wavelengths that are similar in scale to common room dimensions resulting in modal behavior and the mathematical
simplification of the wave equation in building acoustic calculations that assumes a diffuse field which discounts both phase and angle of incidence. Evaluation of common building isolation measurements of the same test floor/ceiling structure sample in the same lab and between labs across
the frequency spectrum allows the comparison of the repeatability and reproducibility at low frequency ranges to those at high frequency ranges. Measurements and their associated metrics of various sources, including pink noise produced by loudspeakers, the standard tapping machine, and the
impact ball are included in the analysis.
Acoustic Natural Ventilation Openings - OVNA : How to get rid of the impossible choice between too much heat inside or too much noise !
Authors: TOCHON-DANGUY Samuel , LAFFONT Charlotte , CLEMENT Adrien
Published: October 2024

Due to global warming, summer comfort in buildings is a prime issue, and so is indoor air quality. Natural ventilation is encouraged by "low-carbon" approaches to cool the buildings and reduce air-conditioning. However, remaining free constructible areas in dense cities are
mainly noisy, and the inhabitants should not be forced to choose between too much heat inside or too much noise ! The first step is to anticipate buildings' façades " eligibility for natural ventilation through opened windows ", depending on their exposure to the forecoming
noise sources. Since 2015 LASA has been carrying R&D on " Acoustic Natural Ventilation Openings - OVNAs" which aims to bring great amounts of fresh air in the buildings, for cooling and ventilate them without allowing noise inside ! It implies to develop accurate exposure models
for "noise peaks" which cause sleep or work disturbances, and anticipate the required noise reductions for each windows. On the basis of this work, and an ongoing PhD at LASA, we seized the opportunity to build two OVNA prototypes and to carry out listening sessions and acoustic/thermal
measurements. Theses experiments have enabled LASA to confirm the OVNA's performances (sound attenuation, etc.) and improve the modelisation and assessing methods.
Application of a novel visual representation method for urban noise source monitoring
Authors: JUNG In-Jee , CHO Wan-Ho
Published: October 2024

Increasing urban mobility has led to a rise in the number of vehicles, resulting in urban noise pollution, which can cause health problems. Conventional methods for noise control can be adopted to reduce noise near the sources. However, this is not cost-effective to reduce overall noise
level in the urban area. Therefore, it is preferable to encourage drivers to voluntarily reduce noise by applying methods such as cracking down on road noise sources. To this end, a real-time urban noise source monitoring system is needed, but processing large amounts of data can be difficult.
In this study, a novel visual representation method, DoAgram, is applied for urban noise source monitoring. DoAgram can represent the time, frequency, and spatial information of the sound source within a 2D color graph. Therefore, the long-term spatial information of the sound source acquired
from the sensor array node can be transmitted as a single image. Also, one can restore spatial information of the source from an image through a decoding process corresponding to the encoding method. One can find that the proposed method can be utilized as a database that can efficiently conduct
urban noise source monitoring.
Enhancing immersive sensation at the Iwami Kagura performance space using omnidirectional speakers: a case study of the worship halls at Shrines in the Iwami region, Japan
Authors: SHRESTHA Aakriti , SHIMIZU Takafumi
Published: October 2024

Iwami Kagura, originated from Iwami region in western Shimane, Japan-is a religious rituals narrating Japanese mythology has been persevered through centuries, maintaining its relevance in the present time. These religious rituals mainly dedicated to gods, features dynamic masked dance,
fast music and vibrant costume creating an immersive experience for diverse audiences. The Iwami Kagura performances are popular inside and outside of Japan making a source of tourism for the region. Originally, Iwami Kagura was performed in the worship halls at shrines, therefore, it is important
to understand the sacred atmosphere created by the performance considering acoustic measures that make the space immersive. In this study, we focused on the Iwami Kagura performed at worship halls of two shrines and compared the acoustic effects of omnidirectional speakers in both the shrines.
Usually, directional speakers are used to amplify parts of performers' voices and music, however, performing space at shines are small in volume, and the directional speakers will provide strong direct sound to performers' voices and sound of flute. Thus, we studied acoustic characteristics
of performance space within the precincts of the shrines, the acoustic effects of loudspeakers used and improved sense of presence using omnidirectional speakers.
Survey on sound exposure for musician using a noise dosemeter
Authors: UEDA Mari , HIROE Masaaki , YAMADA Shoma , NISHIGUCHI Isoharu
Published: October 2024

Recently, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan has revised guidelines for the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss among workers in the workplace. The target group is workers who are engaged in noisy work in factories and construction sites. It is thought that
it is not only those engaged in noisy work who are exposed to loud noises. We considered that musicians playing musical instruments are also exposed to loud noises on a daily basis. Therefore, we have considered protecting musicians from hearing loss by determining the extent to which they
are exposed to loud sounds on a daily basis. As a basic study, we explored the daily sound exposure of professional musicians using a RION dosemeter, which was developed in accordance with the Guidelines for the Prevention of Noise Disturbance.
Noise analysis of variable-speed rotor technology on the coaxial lift-offset helicopter
Authors: YUK Taeseok , KIM Homin , LEE Soogab
Published: October 2024

The impact of variable-speed rotor technology on the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of a coaxial lift-offset helicopter was investigated using a numerical analysis approach. The free wake vortex lattice method was utilized to predict aerodynamic performance, while the
Ffowcs-Williams Hawkings acoustic analogy was employed to evaluate the noise impact. The Harrington coaxial rotor was used as the baseline configuration. Results show that reducing the rotational speed, in combination with lift-offset, leads to a decrease in overall power required during forward
flight by lowering both collective and cyclic pitch. This is primarily due to a reduction in profile power across the speed range. However, excessive rotor deceleration can lead to an expanded reverse flow region, increasing induced power at high forward speeds. From an acoustics perspective,
the reduced rotor speed mitigated loading noise radiated toward the ground, especially in the region 40-60 degrees below the rotor plane, achieving a maximum 2.6 dB reduction at the evaluated observer location. This study indicates that the technology can offer advantages for both performance
and noise in forward flight conditions.