bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La motivación en ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje
Authors: Leal Cantú Alicia Celina
Published: April 2023

Actualmente, no todos los estudiantes en modalidad virtual en nivel superior logran culminar sus estudios; por esto, es necesario identificar cómo influye la motivación en el proceso educativo y en la conclusión de sus estudios. El presente trabajo tiene como propósito identificar el rol de la motivación en los estudiantes que cursan el último ciclo escolar de nivel superior en la Universidad Virtual CNCI y utilizan la plataforma Blackboard Ultra. La metodología utilizada fue desde un enfoque mixto, y se utilizó como método de recolección de datos la encuesta vía electrónica, integrada por tres dimensiones. Primeramente, se identificaron los principales motivos para culminar sus estudios: superarse personalmente, obtener conocimientos necesarios para ser competente y exitoso en el campo laboral y aprender mediante recursos didácticos innovadores. Posteriormente, referente a la motivación y al contenido del curso: les motivan las actividades encaminadas a “aprender a aprender” de manera autónoma, y que se incluyan actividades que fortalezcan el desarrollo de habilidades para la resolución de problemas reales. Finalmente, la comunicación con el tutor virtual a través de anuncios, mensajes motivacionales o la sección de mensajes les parece motivante. Los resultados permitieron identificar la importancia de la motivación en el proceso de aprendizaje en una modalidad virtual.
La era de las competencias digitales en la empleabilidad
Authors: Gómez García César René
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo brinda una aproximación inicial a las competencias digitales como parte fundamental de la empleabilidad, debido a la existencia de una evidente utilización de canales de comunicación, tecnología e información que van posicionándose de manera emergente en el mundo laboral. Ante esta situación, es necesario impulsar las competencias digitales en el ámbito laboral, reconociendo su importancia y posicionamiento, especialmente a partir de la pandemia por COVID-19, que forzó a diversas empresas a explorar y/o fortalecer la digitalización de sus procesos y actividades laborales para mantener empleos. En primer término, se aborda la importancia de las competencias digitales como parte de los requerimientos a la empleabilidad en la actualidad; en segundo término, se aborda este tipo de competencias como tendencia de trabajo post COVID–19 y, por lo tanto, como parte de las habilidades que necesita desarrollar los trabajadores para llevar a cabo sus actividades laborales.
Changes in the structure and geography of tourist flows during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Manakov Andrei G. , Krastev Viliyan K. , Krasilnikova Irina N. , Ivanov Ivan A.
Published: April 2023

Tourism suffered more than many other sectors amid Covid-19 travel restrictions. This article looks at the impact of the pandemic on the territorial redistribution of tourist flows in the Baltic region. The study draws on regional annual and monthly data on international and domestic tourist arrivals between 2019 and 2021, available on the websites of the statistical offices of the Baltic Region countries. The regions earlier dependent on tourist arrivals from Russia experienced the largest drop in inbound tourism during the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet, domestic tourism burgeoned in most of the region’s countries. In 2021, the most dramatic increase in domestic arrivals occurred, year on year, in the border regions of Russia’s Northwest Federal District; the growth was also notable in Finland and the Baltic States. Domestic tourist flow compensated, partially or even fully, for the decrease in inbound tourist flow in most regions. The structure of inbound tourism changed markedly during the pandemic, with the share of tourists from the Baltic States growing. The strongest rise was in some regions of southern Finland and more modest in Latvia and Lithuania.
SEX EDUCATION AS A FOUNDATION OF CHRISTIAN FAITH TO THE HOLY DOCTRINES
Authors: Ming David
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Today's world continues to change, including the way people perceive sex problems. Some of the problems that arise are: What is meant by education? Sex in a world of sin? How is the Relationship of Sex Education as a Foundation of Christian Faith to the Doctrine of Holiness according to Reformed? The answer: (1) The Bible's view of sex education is God's work on humans since creation. (2) Sex is something sacred as God instituted marriage for the first time in Eden. (3) Sex education can be related to the doctrine of holiness as the foundation of Christian faith as follows: First, it is necessary to develop holiness education in schools, seminars and in churches in order to clarify the position of sexual sinfulness committed outside of marriage. Second, God-centered holiness becomes dependent only on God and not on humans. Third, the holiness modeled by Jesus becomes a figure that everyone can imitate so that everyone has a calling to live.Abstrak: Dunia sekarang ini terus mengalami perubahan termasuk pandangan orang terhadap masalah seks. Beberapa persoalan yang muncul adalah: Apakah yang dimaksud dengan pendidikan? Seks dalam dunia keberdosaan? Bagaimanakah Relasi Pendidikan Seks sebagai Landasan Iman Kristen terhadap Doktrin Kekudusan menurut Reformed? Jawabnya: (1) Pandangan Alkitab tentang pendidikan  seks adalah merupakan karya Allah pada diri manusia sejak diciptakan. (2) Seks adalah sesuatu yang sakral sebagaiman Allah melembagakan pernikahan pertama kali di Eden. (3) Pendidikan seks dapat direlasikan dengan doktrin kekudusan  sebagai landasan iman Kristen sebagai beriku: Pertama, perlunya dikembangkan pendidikan kekudusan di sekolah-sekolah, seminar maupun di gereja agar memperjelas posisi keberdosaan seks yang dilakukan di luar pernikahan. Kedua,  kekudusan yang berpusat kepada Allah menjadi ketergantungan hanya kepada Allah bukan kepada manusia. Ketiga, kekudusan yang diteladani oleh Yesus menjadi tokoh yang dapat diteladani  oleh semua orang sehingga setiap orang mempunyai panggilan untuk hidup
TANGGUNG JAWAB ORANG TUA KRISTEN DALAM PENDIDIKAN ANAK TERHADAP SPRITUALITAS ANAK TKK ANUGERAH IMMANUEL DI TAPANULI UTARA
Authors: Nainggolan Novina Fransisca , Sukri Urbanus
Published: April 2023

Abstrak: Orang tua merupakan komponen keluarga yang terdiri dari ayah dan ibu, dan merupakan hasil dari sebuah ikatan perkawinan yang sah yang dapat membentuk sebuah keluarga. Sebagai orang tua seharusnya memiliki tanggung jawab untuk mendidik, mengasuh dan membimbing anak-anaknya untuk mencapai tahapan tertentu yang menghantarkan anak untuk siap dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Sebagai orang tua harus memberikan bimbingan nilai-nilai moral sesuai ajarana agama, mendisiplinkan, mengendalikan, turut dalam mengasuh anak-anak serta memenuhi kebutuhan jasmani dan rohani anak. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Meningkatkan kualitas spiritualitas anak, (2) Meningkatkan jiwa-jiwa anak yang takut akan Tuhan, (3) Meningkatkan semangat anak agar tetap saling mengasihi sesamanya. Peneliti mengamati TK Kristen Anugerah masih banyak anak-anak yang kurang memiliki kecerdasan spiritualitas yang baik. Hal inilah yang menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab orang tua kepada anaknya sendiri. Jadi tanggung jawab sebagai orang tua harus mampu mengajarkan ajaran-ajaran agama Kristen kepada anak supaya anak lebih lebih mengasihi Tuhan dan sesamanya.
Formative Assessment in Secondary Mathematics: Moving Theory to Recommendations for Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Kenney Rachael H. , Lolkus Michael , Maeda Yukiko
Published: April 2023

Mathematics teacher educators play a key role in supporting secondary mathematics teachers’ development of effective, research-based formative assessment (FA) practices. We used qualitative research synthesis as a tool to identify actionable recommendations for mathematics teacher educators as they work with teachers on FA practices in secondary classrooms. These recommendations can strengthen the research-based practices of mathematics teacher educators as they support teachers’ collections and uses of FA data to move student thinking forward in secondary mathematics. We share and discuss recommendations for mathematics teacher educators to connect pedagogical content knowledge of students, teaching, and curriculum to FA practices. We also highlight the usefulness of the qualitative synthesis method, meta-aggregation, for generating research-based connections between theory and practice in mathematics education.
Cartografía del rojipardismo: "El arte de ser francés", de Michel Onfray
Authors: Castany Prado Bernat
Published: April 2023

Cartografía del rojipardismo: "El arte de ser francés", de Michel Onfray
Transgressions étudiantes et conflits de proximité dans le quartier montréalais de Milton-Parc
Authors: Mayer-Thibault Ashley , Beauchesne Pierre-Luc
Published: April 2023

Le quartier montréalais de Milton-Parc, parfois appelé « ghetto McGill », est souvent associé au clivage entre deux populations coexistant dans un même espace, mais interagissant peu : il y a leMilton-Parc des riverains, composé des ménages qui y sont installés de longue date, et leMilton-Parc des étudiantssans cesse renouvelé par la succession des cohortes universitaires. Cet article revient sur un travail d’observation et d’entretiens mené dans le quartier en 2019. Face aux conflits de proximité suscités par les pratiques transgressives étudiantes (en particulier les débordements lors des fêtes et l’accumulation et le mauvais tri des ordures ménagères), nous proposons que les « normes pratiques » de la régulation se caractérisent par une tolérance relative face aux écarts des étudiants. Cette tolérance prend appui sur des représentationsmoralesdu quartier perçu comme zone proprement étudiante justifiant des formes de régulation adaptées aux styles de vie de cette population. Même s’il peut arriver que les riverains aient recours à la loi, cette tolérance relative et les modes de régulation qui en résultent reposent sur une tendance à l’indulgence pour des pratiques assimilées à la « culture étudiante » ou à la « jeunesse », à même de susciter des projections intergénérationnelles chez les riverains.
« On ne peut que cracher sur la page du Code. » Pour une nouvelle cour de justice : la journaliste et la criminelle dans la presse quotidienne de la Belle Époque
Authors: Corbin Kathryne Adair
Published: April 2023

Dans cet article, nous verrons comment certaines femmes journalistes de la Belle Époque se positionnent contre le propos dominant dans la presse quotidienne pour s’en servir comme instrument de justice sociale. Alors que le propos du journaliste masculin de la grande presse « sensationnalise » les crimes perpétrés par des femmes (les « beaux crimes ») et propage des clichés sur la duplicité ou la perversité supposée de la condamnée, ou encore sur de prétendues envies de vengeance, Séverine (1855-1929), et plus tard les journalistes de La Fronde (1897-1905), cherchent à faire comprendre la vie de l’accusée et son impact sur ses actions. Nous verrons également comment les femmes journalistes réussissent à se servir de la médiatisation en faveur des victimes d’injustices sociales et de l’abolition de l’inégalité sociale dans le système judiciaire et carcéral. Ce faisant, elles ouvrent à la femme la voie/la voix de la cité. Ce nouvel espace, cette nouvelle cour d’empathie et de justice, cède la place à de nouveaux arguments en ce qui concerne la criminelle, la criminalité, le procès judiciaire, et leur médiatisation, à la fois à l’intérieur des pages d’un journal mais également par un dialogue entre quotidiens. Enfin, leur travail journalistique cherche à abolir le discours public qui surveille et punit la femme, la maintenant dans une position d’altérité, et ouvre à la place la voie à un discours public qui n’est plus strictement disciplinaire envers la femme.
A rapid and accurate method of mapping invasive Tamarix genotypes using Sentinel-2 images
Authors: Newete Solomon Wakshom , Mayonde Samalesu , Kekana Thabiso , Adam Elhadi
Published: April 2023

Background

The management of invasive Tamarix genotypes depends on reliable and accurate information of their extent and distribution. This study investigated the utility of the multispectral Sentinel-2 imageries to map infestations of the invasive Tamarix along three riparian ecosystems in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.

Methods

The Sentinel-2 image was acquired from the GloVis website (http://glovis.usgs.gov/). Random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were used to classify and estimate the spatial distribution of invasive Tamarix genotypes and other land-cover types in three riparian zones viz. the Leeu, Swart and Olifants rivers. A total of 888 reference points comprising of actual 86 GPS points and additional 802 points digitized using the Google Earth Pro free software were used to ground-truth the Sentinel-2 image classification.

Results

The results showed the random forest classification produced an overall accuracy of 87.83% (with kappa value of 0.85), while SVM achieved an overall accuracy of 86.31% with kappa value of 0.83. The classification results revealed that the Tamarix invasion was more rampant along the Olifants River near De Rust with a spatial distribution of 913.39 and 857.74 ha based on the RF and SVM classifiers, respectively followed by the Swart River with Tamarix coverage of 420.06 ha and 715.46 hectares, respectively. The smallest extent of Tamarix invasion with only 113.52 and 74.27 hectares for SVM and RF, respectively was found in the Leeu River. Considering the overall accuracy of 85% as the lowest benchmark for a robust classification, the results obtained in this study suggests that the SVM and RF classification of the Sentinel-2 imageries were effective and suitable to map invasive Tamarix genotypes and discriminate them from other land-cover types.
Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 promotes proliferation and migration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tan Ming , Lin Xiaoyu , Chen Huiying , Ye Wanli , Yi Jianqi , Li Chao , Liu Jinlan , Su Jiping
Published: April 2023

Background

Sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is a transcription factor involved in lipid metabolism that is encoded by sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1(SREBF1). SREBP1 overexpression is associated with the progression of several human tumors; however, the role of SREBP1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) remains unclear.

Methods

SREBF1 expression in pan-cancer was analyzed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data, and the association between SREBF1 expression and clinical characteristics of HNSC patients was examined using the UALCAN database. Enrichment analysis of SREBF1-related genes was performed using the Cluster Profiler R package. TCGA database was used to investigate the relationship between immune cell infiltration and SREBF1 expression. CCK-8, flow cytometry, and wound healing assays were performed to investigate the effect of SREBF1 knockdown on the proliferation and migration of HNSC cells.

Results

SREBF1 was significantly upregulated in several tumor tissues, including HNSC, and SREBF1 overexpression was positively correlated with sample type, cancer stage, tumor grade, and lymph node stage in HNSC patients. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that SREBF1 is associated with DNA replication and homologous recombination. SREBF1 upregulation was positively correlated with the infiltration of cytotoxic cells, B cells, T cells, T helper cells, and NK CD56 bright cells in HNSC. Knockdown of SREBF1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of HNSC cells (Hep2 and TU212) and induced apoptosis by downregulating the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid transfer 4 (STARD4).

Conclusions

SREBF1 may promote HNSC proliferation, migration and inhibit apoptosis by upregulating STARD4 and affecting the level of immune cell infiltration.
A Comprehensive Survey on Plant Leaf Disease Detection Using Image Analytics
Authors: Singh Sanika , Mukherjee Saurabh
Published: April 2023

A country's economy depends heavily on agriculture, and there are many varieties of crops that can be cultivated by farmers. The issue or problems arise when the farmers are unaware of a plant disease that is affecting their crops at the appropriate moment, thus harvests become afflicted. Most of the time farmers are not aware about the disease and its type when it is discovered.Given these challenges, research in the field of automatic leaf disease detection in agriculture is of significant importance, since it could offer benefits in the detection of bigger fields of crops and help to detect diseases since they appear on plants leaf. The examination to various pattern present above the plant leaves is necessary for study of plant disease.
Comparison of Analgesic Effect of Clonidine as an Adjuvant with Different Concentration of Ropivacaine (0.35% and 0.2%) in Thoracic Paravertebral Block among Modified Radical Mastectomy Patients: A Randomised Double Blinded Clinical Study
Authors: Raiger Lalit Kumar , Jain Pooja , Sharma Sandeep
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Thoracic Paravertebral Block (TPVB) appears promising for reduction of postoperative pain in Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM). Various combinations of local anaesthetics and adjuvants have been tried in TPVB but search for an ideal combination is still on. Aim: To evaluate analgesic efficacy of clonidine (1 µg/kg) as adjuvant with different concentrations of ropivacaine (0.35%, 0.2%) for TPVB in MRM surgery. Materials and Methods: This randomised double blind comparative clinical study was carried out in a tertiary care centre in Southern Rajasthan from January 2019 to March 2020, clinical study, 120 American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I, II patients aged 18-60 years female patients undergoing MRM surgery were randomised into three groupsRP, RC and LDRC to receive 0.35% Ropivacaine 19 mL, 0.35% Ropivacaine 19 ml+Clonidine (1 µg/kg) and 0.2% Ropivacaine 19 ml+Clonidine(1 µg/kg) diluted upto total 20 ml with normal saline, respectively. TPVB was performed at T4 level as single injection followed by administration of general endotracheal anaesthesia. The primary outcome measured was duration of analgesia. Secondary outcomes measured included consumption of rescue analgesic, Visual analog scale and perioperative haemodynamic parameters. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square test respectively. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean duration of analgesia was prolonged in clonidine groups RC and LDRC (811.5±110.99 and 753±119.76 min, respectively) as compared to group RP (400.125±108.13 min), although no statistically significant difference was noted between group RC and LDRC. Similar observations were noted when total dose of rescue analgesic in group RC (82.50±7.21 mg) and LDRC (99.38±35.57 mg) was compared to group RP (142.50±53.169 mg) as well as when total number of rescue analgesic doses in group RC (1.10±0.496) and group LDRC (1.32±0.474) were compared to group RP (1.92±0.694). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was noted at rest, cough, movement at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours and showed a statistically significant difference between ropivacaine group RP and ropivacaine clonidine groups. Conclusion: Addition of clonidine to ropivacaine in TPVB during breast cancer surgery results in lower pain scores, prolong duration of analgesia and reduce postoperative requirement of rescue analgesics. Both lower (0.2%) and higher (0.35%) concentrations of ropivacaine provide equally effective postoperative analgesia.
Situation of the Practice of Mother Tongues in Cameroon and Proposal of Methods Aimed at Facilitating Their Learning
Authors: Christophe Fopoussi Tuebue Jean
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to highlight the situation of the practice of mother tongue in Cameroon in order to provide the community with a relevant technique capable of facilitating its teaching-learning in the neediest areas. For this, the work was jointly carried out in the field and indoors. Indoors, it was a question of refining the approaches as well as the means of their application, of processing the results obtained, then of writing the final report. In the field, it was a matter of communicating about the project and carrying out the tests. Many facts emerge from this study. Thus, the closer you get to rural areas, the more the mother tongue is used, and vice versa. In both rural and urban areas, the mother tongue is used much more in families with low purchasing power. In detail, however, people from the Northern part of Cameroon (Adamaoua, Far North, and North), regardless of their area of ​​residence (in their Region of origin or not), are those who speak the maternal language the most. Many endogenous and exogenous factors can disturb the expected results; here we can cite education, the consideration attributed to ancestral culture, and the motivation of children. The most appropriate technique in urban areas to improve the practice of the mother tongue within families is that based on the alphabet (APAA); this approach can be beneficially combined with that based on the repetition of sentences and words by children without bonuses (AARPSB). It is all the more relevant as it also offers parents the opportunity to improve while supporting their children. Overall, the vast majority of parents were flattered by this project.
Carbon Source Utilisation as a Basis of Variability among Different Ramularia Isolates Collected from Cotton Belt of Odisha, India
Authors: Boblina B. , Senapati A. K. , Panda A. G. , Ranasingh N. , Beura S. K. , Jena B.
Published: April 2023

The impact of various carbon sources on the growth and sporulation of six different Ramularia isolates was investigated by testing eight different sources of carbon in liquid Richard's medium. The mycelial growth was assessed by determining the dry biomass weight, and there were three replicate flasks for each combination of isolates and carbon source. The study showed that the extent of utilization of different carbon sources varied among the isolates, and the highest mean dry biomass weight was recorded by RGKN1 followed by RGGNPR1. Maltose and sucrose were found to be the best source of carbon supporting highest mycelial growth and sporulation. Starch and lactose supported the least mycelial growth and sporulation. The results clearly established the essentiality of carbon source for metabolic activities of the fungus. The study proved the existence of cultural variability among the Ramularia isolates basing on their carbon utilisation.
Lithofacies Analysis of Multistorey Braidplain Sandstone, Lokoja-Bassange Formation, Benin Flank of Anambra Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Omoniyi Bayonle A.
Published: April 2023

A braidplain sandstone body in the Cretaceous Lokoja-Bassange Formation was studied for the purpose of classifying its constituent lithofacies, developing a conceptual sedimentological model that reflects its alluvial architecture, and assessing the implications of this architecture for reservoir development. The NE-SW trending sandstone is approximately 1.2 km long, 55 m wide and, at least, 15 m thick.

Four sedimentary logs, produced at selected points across the sandstone body, were combined with its sedimentary attributes to construct a conceptual sedimentological model that captures its geometrical framework. The morphology of the channel sandstone is classified into three groups based on decreasing magnitude: (1) cross-bedded, tabular morphology with sheet geometry, extending to maximum length of 1,200 m and maximum thickness of 15 m, (2) multistorey channel morphology with laterally stacked geometry, extending to 90 m in length and 8 m in thickness, and (3) single channel morphology with lenticular geometry, extending over lateral and vertical distances of 2-5 m and 1.7 m, respectively. Amalgamation of beds is common, enabling thick laterally extensive channel-fill sequence to develop. The sequence consists of pebbly sandstone and medium to very coarse sandstone with claystone clasts that are randomly distributed.

The sedimentological model suggests that the Campanian braidplain sandstone has a complex history of bar migration that produced laterally-stacked multistorey channel sandstone. This architecture will facilitate effective pressure communication across producing reservoir intervals. Lack of organised stratification and discontinuous mudstone may turn these reservoirs into a single hydraulic unit that supports effective lateral displacement of fluids to production wells. Such laterally connected channel sandstone, however, requires a trapping mechanism for hydrocarbon to accumulate and impermeable floodplain mudstone to preserve it. Laterally extensive floodplain mudstone, on the other hand, poses a major risk to vertical flow because of its potential for flow segregation across net pay intervals.
Prenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medication and Incidence of Childhood- and Adolescence-Onset Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Dreier Julie Werenberg , Bjørk Marte-Helene , Alvestad Silje , Gissler Mika , Igland Jannicke , Leinonen Maarit K. , Sun Yuelian , Zoega Helga , Cohen Jacqueline M. , Furu Kari , Tomson Torbjörn , Christensen Jakob
Published: April 2023

Importance

Prenatal antiseizure medication (ASM) exposure has been associated with adverse early neurodevelopment, but associations with a wider range of psychiatric end points have not been studied.

Objective

To examine the association between prenatal exposure to ASM with a spectrum of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence in children of mothers with epilepsy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective, population-based register study assessed 4 546 605 singleton children born alive in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2017. Of the 4 546 605 children, 54 953 with chromosomal disorders or uncertain birth characteristics were excluded, and 38 661 children of mothers with epilepsy were identified. Data analysis was performed from August 2021 to January 2023.

Exposures

Prenatal exposure to ASM was defined as maternal prescription fills from 30 days before the first day of the last menstrual period until birth.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome measure was diagnosis of psychiatric disorders (a combined end point and 13 individual disorders). Estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) using Cox proportional hazards regression and cumulative incidences with 95% CIs are reported.

Results

Among the 38 661 children of mothers with epilepsy (16 458 [42.6%] exposed to ASM; 19 582 [51.3%] male; mean [SD] age at the end of study, 7.5 [4.6] years), prenatal valproate exposure was associated with an increased risk of the combined psychiatric end point (aHR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.60-2.03]; cumulative risk at 18 years in ASM-exposed children, 42.1% [95% CI, 38.2%-45.8%]; cumulative risk at 18 years in unexposed children, 31.3% [95% CI, 28.9%-33.6%]), which was driven mainly by disorders within the neurodevelopmental spectrum. Prenatal exposure to lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and oxcarbazepine was not associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, whereas associations were found for prenatal exposure to topiramate with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (aHR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.40-4.06) and exposure to levetiracetam with anxiety (aHR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.26-3.72) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (aHR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.03-3.07).

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings from this explorative study strengthen the evidence for the warning against the use of valproate in pregnancy and raise concern of risks of specific psychiatric disorders associated with topiramate and levetiracetam. This study provides reassuring evidence that lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and oxcarbazepine are not associated with long-term behavioral or developmental disorders but cannot rule out risks with higher doses.
Floral resources in Swedish grasslands remain relatively stable under an experimental drought and are enhanced by soil amendments if regularly mown
Authors: Roth Nina , Kimberley Adam , Guasconi Daniela , Hugelius Gustaf , Cousins Sara A. O.
Published: April 2023

One of the main reasons why insect pollinators are declining is a lack of floral resources. In agricultural landscapes, remaining seminatural grasslands play a key role for providing such resources. However, droughts pose an increasing threat to the abundance and continuity of flowers. Soil amendments are a novel management tool for Swedish grasslands aiming to increase carbon sequestration and soil water holding capacity. In this study, we examined how drought is affecting floral resources (i.e. floral units, nectar quantity and nectar continuity) in grasslands with different mowing regimes, and if soil amendments could mitigate potential negative drought effects.

In summer 2019, we set up an experiment combining rain‐out shelters (‘drought’), soil amendments (‘compost’) and different mowing regimes (‘mown’ vs. ‘abandoned’) in four extensively managed Swedish grasslands (48 plots, size 2 m2). Between May and August 2021, we counted the floral units nine times in each plot. We derived values for the nectar sugar production per floral unit from an existing database.

We observed a decrease in floral units under drought in the mown, but not in the abandoned plots. Nectar quantity and continuity over the season were not significantly affected by drought across both mowing regimes—in the abandoned plots the nectar provision even extended slightly in duration (towards late summer). The compost treatment had positive effects on the floral units, nectar quantity and continuity (extending it towards early summer) in the mown, but not in the abandoned plots. The plant species in our study reacted differently to the treatments. Most of the nectar was provided by only few species (mainly Lathyrus pratensis, Vicia cracca and Anthriscus sylvestris).

The results are species specific, thus other plant communities might respond differently. However, our experiment shows that nectar provision (based on database values) in grasslands with a native plant community and natural soil conditions remains relatively stable under drought. We also found that soil amendments increase floral resources in managed grasslands.
Elucidating the Corneal Endothelial Cell Proliferation Capacity through an Interspecies Transcriptome Comparison
Authors: Català Pere , Vivensang Flora , van Beek Daan , Adriaens Michiel E. , Dickman Mor M. , LaPointe Vanessa L.S. , Kutmon Martina
Published: April 2023

The regenerative capacity of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) differs between species; in bigger mammals, CECs are arrested in a non‐proliferative state. Damage to these cells can compromise their function causing corneal opacity. Corneal transplantation is the current treatment for the recovery of clear eyesight, but the donor tissue demand is higher than the availability and there is a need to develop novel treatments. Interestingly, rabbit CECs retain a high proliferative profile and can repopulate the endothelium. There is a lack of fundamental knowledge to explain these differences. Gaining information on their transcriptomic variances could allow the identification of CEC proliferation drivers. In this study, human, sheep, and rabbit CECs are analyzed at the transcriptomic level. To understand the differences across each species, a pipeline for the analysis of pathways with different activities is generated. The results reveal that 52 pathways have different activity when comparing species with non‐proliferative CECs (human and sheep) to species with proliferative CECs (rabbit). The results show that Notch and TGF‐β pathways have increased activity in species with non‐proliferative CECs, which might be associated with their low proliferation. Overall, this study illustrates transcriptomic pathway‐level differences that can provide leads to develop novel therapies to regenerate the corneal endothelium.
Optimal control method of induction motor torque ripple based on harmonic component
Authors: Hu Yinquan , Liu Heping
Published: April 2023

The torque ripple of an induction motor has strong harmonic interference, which causes stator current distortion. Stability control is always a difficult problem in this field. An optimal control method for the torque ripple of induction motors based on harmonic components is proposed. To address the instability and significant energy loss caused by torque ripple in induction motors, an optimization control method for torque ripple in induction motors based on harmonic components is studied and designed. On the basis of the induction motor model, according to the characteristics and generation principle of torque ripple, combined with controllable and uncontrollable parts of harmonic torque, the stator current harmonics are used to suppress torque harmonics and minimize torque ripple. For the purpose of to cancel the harmonic component of the output voltage, achieve digital output voltage filtering, reduce the harmonic component of the stator current, and achieve optimal control of the torque ripple of the induction motor, the resonant digital filter is simultaneously deployed at the controller's output. The test results showed that the maximum torque ripple value was 2 Nm and the minimum torque ripple value was 0.1 Nm, which can restrain the distortion of stator current to the greatest extent and reduce the harmonic content of torque. In summary, the optimization control method proposed in the study can effectively suppress harmonic interference, which has important practical implications for future harmonic research.
Integrated Low‐Dimensional Semiconductors for Scalable Low‐power CMOS Logic
Authors: Chuang Meng‐Hsi , Chiu Kuan‐Chang , Lin Yu‐Ting , Tulevski George , Chen Po‐Han , Pezeshki Atiye , Chen Chung‐Jen , Chen Po‐Yen , Chen Lih‐Juann , Han Shu‐Jen , Lee Yi‐Hsien
Published: April 2023

Scalable nanoelectronics with energy‐efficient logic technology is crucial for next‐generation edge devices. Low‐dimensional semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), have tunable properties with reduced short‐channel effects. The unique properties of each material can be utilized owing to the heterogeneous integration of multiple semiconducting channels to form complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) logic. However, the integration remains challenging. This study reveals the realization of low static power hetero‐CMOS inverters by the integration of n‐type monolayer MoS2 and p‐type SWCNT networks. The balanced inverter exhibits a large peak gain of ≈67 at a supply voltage of 2 V with the customized design of the wafer‐scale synthetic process and channel integration. An ultralow standby power consumption of ≈5 pW and a practical peak gain of ≈7 at a reduced supply voltage of 0.25 V are achieved. A high noise margin (>70%) validates the circuit's tolerance to external noises and the dynamic analysis of the inverting amplifier in push–pull configuration exhibits a large AC gain. This work paves the way toward the wafer‐scale integration of low‐dimensional materials for low‐power nanoelectronics.
Tetrabutylammonium Bromide Functionalized Ti3C2Tx MXene as Versatile Cathode Buffer Layer for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Ping , Ding Ling , Chen Ziming , Wang Dianhui , Peng Hongliang , Yuan Changlai , Hu Chaohao , Sun Lixian , Luponosov Yuriy N. , Huang Fei , Xue Qifan
Published: April 2023

2D Ti3C2Tx MXene, possessing facile preparation, high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and solution processability, shows good application potential for enhancing device performance of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). In this study, tetrabutylammonium bromide functionalized Ti3C2Tx (TBAB‐Ti3C2Tx) is developed as cathode buffer layer (CBL) to regulate the PCBM/Ag cathode interfacial property for the first time. By virtue of the charge transfer from TBAB to Ti3C2Tx demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance and density functional theory, the TBAB‐Ti3C2Tx CBL with high electrical conductivity exhibits significantly reduced work function of 3.9 eV, which enables optimization of energy level alignment and enhancement of charge extraction. Moreover, the TBAB‐Ti3C2Tx CBL can effectively inhibit the migration of iodine ions from perovskite layer to Ag cathode, which synergistically suppresses defect states and reduce charge recombination. Consequently, utilizing MAPbI3 perovskite without post‐treatment, the TBAB‐Ti3C2Tx based device exhibits a dramatically improved power conversion efficiency of 21.65% with significantly improved operational stability, which is one of the best efficiencies reported for the devices based on MAPbI3/PCBM with different CBLs. These results indicate that TBAB‐Ti3C2Tx shall be a promising CBL for high‐performance inverted PVSCs and inspire the further applications of quaternary ammonium functionalized MXenes in PVSCs.
Transparent and Reusable Nanostencil Lithography for Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Nanodevices
Authors: Han Bin , Liu Bo , Wang Guanghui , Qiu Qi , Wang Zhe , Xi Yuying , Cui Yanxia , Ma Shufang , Xu Bingshe , Hsu Hsien‐Yi
Published: April 2023

Organic—inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted considerable attention for developing novel optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent photoresponses. However, conventional nanolithography of hybrid perovskites remains a challenge because they undergo severe damage in standard lithographic solvents, which prohibits device miniaturization and integration. In this study, a novel transparent stencil nanolithography (t‐SL) technique is developed based on focused ion beam (FIB)‐assisted polyethylene terephthalate (PET) direct patterning. The proposed t‐SL enables ultrahigh lithography resolution down to 100 nm and accurate stencil mask alignment. Moreover, the stencil mask can be reused more than ten times, which is cost‐effective for device fabrication. By applying this lithographic technique to hybrid perovskites, a high‐performance 2D hybrid perovskite heterostructure photodetector is fabricated. The responsivity and detectivity of the proposed heterostructure photodetector can reach up to 28.3 A W−1 and 1.5 × 1013 Jones, respectively. This t‐SL nanolithography technique based on FIB‐assisted PET direct patterning can effectively support the miniaturization and integration of hybrid‐perovskite‐based electronic devices.
Development and Implementation of Microbial Antifreeze Protein Based Coating for Anti‐Icing
Authors: Muganlı Zülal , Saeidiharzand Shaghayegh , Rekuviene Regina , Samaitis Vykintas , Jankauskas Audrius , Koşar Ali , Gharib Ghazaleh , Sadaghiani Abdolali
Published: April 2023

Ice formation on a solid surface is a major challenge in industrial applications, it causes higher energy consumption and performance deterioration and may lead to catastrophic results. The preparation of anti‐icing surfaces to prohibit ice accumulation on a surface is crucial to reduce operational costs and to extend the surface's lifetime. The utilization of cryoprotectants to obtain anti‐icing surfaces is an effective method and is applicable in multiple fields. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are natural cryoprotectants to obtain anti‐icing surfaces, which have the ability to decrease the freezing point and to prevent ice‐crystal growth via thermal hysteresis (TH) and ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI). This study reports the molecular cloning, expression, and production of AFP protein from Escherichia coli (E. Coli). This wok also demonstrates the activity of coated AFP on aluminum surfaces. The expressed AFP is immobilized on aluminum surfaces treated by oxygen plasma. The coated AFP exhibits promising antifreeze activity with a high anti‐icing ability on aluminum surfaces in the size of evaporator fins (40 × 40 cm). The outcome of this study provides new insights into the biotechnological implementation of AFPs to various industrial applications for energy‐saving and higher performance.
Efficient 1.55 and 2 μm Dual‐Band SOI Grating Coupler for Light Coupling and On‐Chip Wavelength Division (De)multiplexing
Authors: Cheng Guanglian , Yi Qiyuan , Xu Fanglu , Yang Min , Yan Zhiwei , Li Qiyuan , Zou Yongchao , Yu Yu , Shen Li
Published: April 2023

Efficient fiber‐chip couplers operating at distinct wavelength bands are key components to combine or split different optical bands for emerging data transmission and nonlinear applications. Herein, a dual‐band silicon‐integrated grating coupler (GC) operated at 1.55 and 2 μm wavebands is designed and demonstrated. The proposed device can simultaneously couple 1.55 and 2 μm wavebands light into the in‐plane waveguides at the same incident angle. Numerical simulations indicate that coupling efficiencies (CEs) are −2.5 and −3.9 dB for center wavelengths at 1561 and 1979 nm, respectively. The dual‐band GC is experimentally demonstrated on a commercially available 340 nm silicon‐on‐insulator wafer. The fabricated dual‐band GC with center wavelengths of 1559 and 1968 nm obtains CEs of −4.9 and −6.4 dB, with 3 dB bandwidths of 81 and 80.4 nm, respectively. Also, the first proof‐of‐concept demonstration of 10 Gb s−1 wavelength division multiplexing transmission at 1.55 and 2 μm waveband is presented based on the fabricated dual‐band GC.
The Zinc Transporter SLC39A10 Plays an Essential Role in Embryonic Hematopoiesis
Authors: He Xuyan , Ge Chaodong , Xia Jun , Xia Zhidan , Zhao Lu , Huang Sicong , Wang Rong , Pan Jianwei , Cheng Tao , Xu Peng‐Fei , Wang Fudi , Min Junxia
Published: April 2023

The role of zinc in hematopoiesis is currently unclear. Here, SLC39A10 (ZIP10) is identified as a key zinc transporter in hematopoiesis. The results show that in zebrafish, Slc39a10 is a key regulator of the response to zinc deficiency. Surprisingly, both slc39a10 mutant zebrafish and hematopoietic Slc39a10‐deficient mice develop a more severe form of impaired hematopoiesis than animals lacking transferrin receptor 1, a well‐characterized iron gatekeeper, indicating that zinc plays a larger role than iron in hematopoiesis, at least in early hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Furthermore, it is shown that loss of Slc39a10 causes zinc deficiency in fetal HSCs, which in turn leads to DNA damage, apoptosis, and G1 cell cycle arrest. Notably, zinc supplementation largely restores colony formation in HSCs derived from hematopoietic Slc39a10‐deficient mice. In addition, inhibiting necroptosis partially restores hematopoiesis in mouse HSCs, providing mechanistic insights into the requirement for zinc in mediating hematopoiesis. Together, these findings indicate that SLC39A10 safeguards hematopoiesis by protecting against zinc deficiency‐induced necroptosis, thus providing compelling evidence that SLC39A10 and zinc homeostasis promote the development of fetal HSCs. Moreover, these results suggest that SLC39A10 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for treating anemia and zinc deficiency‐related disorders.
Glutathione‐Scavenging Nanoparticle‐Mediated PROTACs Delivery for Targeted Protein Degradation and Amplified Antitumor Effects
Authors: Liu Hai‐Jun , Chen Wei , Wu Gongwei , Zhou Jun , Liu Chuang , Tang Zhongmin , Huang Xiangang , Gao Jingjing , Xiao Yufen , Kong Na , Joshi Nitin , Cao Yihai , Abdi Reza , Tao Wei
Published: April 2023

PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are an emerging class of promising therapeutic modalities that selectively degrade intracellular proteins of interest by hijacking the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. However, the lack of techniques to efficiently transport these degraders to targeted cells and consequently the potential toxicity of PROTACs limit their clinical applications. Here, a strategy of nanoengineered PROTACs, that is, Nano‐PROTACs, is reported, which improves the bioavailability of PROTACs and maximizes their capacity to therapeutically degrade intracellular oncogenic proteins for tumor therapy. The Nano‐PROTACs are developed by encapsulating PROTACs in glutathione (GSH)‐responsive poly(disulfide amide) polymeric (PDSA) nanoparticles and show that ARV@PDSA Nano‐PROTAC, nanoengineered BRD4 degrader ARV‐771, improves BRD4 protein degradation and decreases the downstream oncogene c‐Myc expression. Benefiting from the GSH‐scavenging ability to amply the c‐Myc‐related ferroptosis and cell cycle arrest, this ARV@PDSA Nano‐PROTACs strategy shows superior anti‐tumor efficacy with a low dose administration and good biocompatibility in vivo. The findings reveal the potential of the Nano‐PROTACs strategy to treat a broad range of diseases by dismantling associated pathogenic proteins.
F‐Doped Carbon Nanoparticles‐Based Nucleation Assistance for Fast and Uniform Three‐Dimensional Zn Deposition
Authors: Xiong Lingyun , Kim Youjoong , Fu Hao , Han Weiwei , Yang Woochul , Liu Guicheng
Published: April 2023

Aqueous Zn metal‐based batteries have considerable potential as energy storage system; however, their application is extremely limited by dendrite development and poor reversibility. In this study, to overcome both challenges, F‐doped carbon nanoparticles (FCNPs) are uniformly constructed on substrates (Ti, Zn, Cu, and steel) by a plasma‐assisted surface modification, which endows reversible and uniform deposition of Zn metal. FCNPs with high surface charge density act as nucleation assistors and form numerous homogenous Zn nucleation sites toward Zn 3D growth, which improves Zn plating kinetic and results in uniform Zn deposition. Furthermore, the ZnF2 solid electrolyte interface generated during cycling contributes to rapid mass transfer and enhances Zn reversibility, but also suppresses the side reaction. Accordingly, the half‐cell of P‐Ti coupled with Zn exhibits an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.47% with 500 cycles. The symmetric cell of the P‐Zn anode presents a lifespan of over 1500 h at the current density of 5 mA cm−2. Notably, the cell works for 100 h at 50 mA cm−2. It is believed that this ingenious surface modification broadens revolutionary methods for uniform metallic deposition, as well as the dendrite‐free rechargeable batteries system.
Substrate‐Free Transfer of Large‐Area Ultra‐Thin Electronics
Authors: Oliveira Hugo De Souza , Catania Federica , Lanthaler Albert Heinrich , Carrasco‐Pena Alejandro , Cantarella Giuseppe , Münzenrieder Niko
Published: April 2023

Innovation in materials and technologies has promoted the fabrication of thin‐film electronics on substrates previously considered incompatible because of their chemical or mechanical properties. Indeed, conventional fabrication processes, typically based on photolithography, involve solvents and acids that might harm fragile or exotic substrates. In this context, transfer techniques define a route to overcome the issues related to the nature of the substrate by using supportive carriers in the electronics stack that mitigate or avoid any damages during the fabrication process. Here, a substrate‐free approach is presented for the transfer of ultra‐thin electronics (<150nm‐thick) where no additional layer besides the electronics one remains on the final substrate. Devices are transferred on several surfaces showing good adhesion and an average performance variation of 27%. Furthermore, a sensor bent to a radius of 15.25µm, shows variation in performance of 5%. The technique can also be sequentially repeated for the fabrication of stacked electronics, enabling the development of ultra‐thin devices, compliant on unconventional surfaces.