bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cometary Materials Originating from Interstellar Ices: Clues from Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Fresneau A. , Mrad N. Abou , LS d’Hendecourt L. , Duvernay F. , Flandinet L. , Orthous-Daunay F.-R. , Vuitton V. , Thissen R. , Chiavassa T. , Danger G.
Published: March 2017

We use laboratory experiments to derive information on the chemistry occurring during the evolution of astrophysical ices from dense molecular clouds to interplanetary objects. Through a new strategy that consists of coupling very high resolution mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), we investigate the molecular content of the organic residues synthesized from different initial ice compositions. We also obtain information on the evolution of the soluble part of the residues after their over-irradiation. The results give insight into the role of water ice as a trapping and diluting agent during the chemical evolution. They also give information about the importance of the amount of ammonia in such ices, particularly regarding its competition with the carbon chemistry. All of these results allow us to build a first mapping of the evolution of soluble organic matter based on its chemical and physical history. Furthermore, our results suggest that interstellar ices should lead to organic materials enriched in heteroatoms that present similarities with cometary materials but strongly differ from meteoritic organic material, especially in their C/N ratios.
SPIRITS 15c and SPIRITS 14buu: Two Obscured Supernovae in the Nearby Star-forming Galaxy IC 2163
Authors: Jencson Jacob E. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Johansson Joel , Contreras Carlos , Castellón Sergio , Bond Howard E. , Monson Andrew J. , Masci Frank J. , Cody Ann Marie , Andrews Jennifer E. , Bally John , Cao Yi , Fox Ori D. , Gburek Timothy , Gehrz Robert D. , Green Wayne , Helou George , Hsiao Eric , Morrell Nidia , Phillips Mark , Prince Thomas A. , Simcoe Robert A. , Smith Nathan , Tinyanont Samaporn , Williams Robert
Published: March 2017

SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey—SPIRITS—is an ongoing survey of nearby galaxies searching for infrared (IR) transients with Spitzer/IRAC. We present the discovery and follow-up observations of one of our most luminous (M
[4.5] = −17.1 ± 0.4 mag, Vega) and reddest ([3.6] − [4.5] = 3.0 ± 0.2 mag) transients, SPIRITS 15c. The transient was detected in a dusty spiral arm of IC 2163 (D ≈ 35.5 Mpc). Pre-discovery ground-based imaging revealed an associated, shorter-duration transient in the optical and near-IR (NIR). NIR spectroscopy showed a broad (≈8400 km s−1), double-peaked emission line of He i at 1.083 μm, indicating an explosive origin. The NIR spectrum of SPIRITS 15c is similar to that of the Type IIb SN 2011dh at a phase of ≈200 days. Assuming an A

V
 = 2.2 mag of extinction in SPIRITS 15c provides a good match between their optical light curves. The NIR light curves, however, show some minor discrepancies when compared with SN 2011dh, and the extreme [3.6]–[4.5] color has not been previously observed for any SN IIb. Another luminous (M
4.5 = −16.1 ± 0.4 mag) event, SPIRITS 14buu, was serendipitously discovered in the same galaxy. The source displays an optical plateau lasting ≳80 days, and we suggest a scenario similar to the low-luminosity Type IIP SN 2005cs obscured by A

V
 ≈ 1.5 mag. Other classes of IR-luminous transients can likely be ruled out in both cases. If both events are indeed SNe, this may suggest that ≳18% of nearby core-collapse SNe are missed by currently operating optical surveys.
On Weibull's Spectrum of Nonrelativistic Energetic Particles at IP Shocks: Observations and Theoretical Interpretation
Authors: Pallocchia G. , Laurenza M. , Consolini G.
Published: March 2017

Some interplanetary shocks are associated with short-term and sharp particle flux enhancements near the shock front. Such intensity enhancements, known as shock-spike events (SSEs), represent a class of relatively energetic phenomena as they may extend to energies of some tens of MeV or even beyond. Here we present an SSE case study in order to shed light on the nature of the particle acceleration involved in this kind of event. Our observations refer to an SSE registered on 2011 October 3 at 22:23 UT, by STEREO B instrumentation when, at a heliocentric distance of 1.08 au, the spacecraft was swept by a perpendicular shock moving away from the Sun. The main finding from the data analysis is that a Weibull distribution represents a good fitting function to the measured particle spectrum over the energy range from 0.1 to 30 MeV. To interpret such an observational result, we provide a theoretical derivation of the Weibull spectrum in the framework of the acceleration by “killed” stochastic processes exhibiting power-law growth in time of the velocity expectation, such as the classical Fermi process. We find an overall coherence between the experimental values of the Weibull spectrum parameters and their physical meaning within the above scenario. Hence, our approach based on the Weibull distribution proves to be useful for understanding SSEs. With regard to the present event, we also provide an alternative explanation of the Weibull spectrum in terms of shock-surfing acceleration.
Gluteus Maximus Advancement Flap Procedure for Reconstruction of Posterior Soft Tissue Deficiency in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Ricciardi Benjamin F. , Henderson Peter W. , McLawhorn Alexander S. , Westrich Geoffrey H. , Bostrom Mathias P. , Gayle Lloyd B.
Published: March 2017

The current study describes the surgical technique and early outcomes of a gluteus maximus advancement flap procedure for the treatment of posterior soft tissue insufficiency among patients with complex revision total hip arthroplasty. This retrospective case series was conducted with a prospective, single-institution arthroplasty registry. Patients who underwent a gluteus maximus advancement flap procedure in the setting of revision total hip arthroplasty between January 2012 and January 2016 were eligible for inclusion (N=7). Primary indications for the gluteus maximus flap procedure included periprosthetic infection with persistent wound breakdown (n=4), persistent symptomatic aseptic pseudotumor in the setting of adverse local tissue reaction after unsuccessful operative debridement (n=2), and abductor insufficiency with recurrent hip instability after unsuccessful placement of a constrained liner (n=1). All patients who underwent a gluteus maximus advancement flap procedure for chronic periprosthetic infection or adverse local tissue reaction had healing of the wound and were infection-free at the last follow-up. In the early postoperative period, 2 patients had recurrent wound infection that required flap elevation. The patients remained infection-free after the subsequent procedure. No patient had repeat instability, and no complications of flap necrosis or nerve palsy occurred. The gluteus maximus advancement flap procedure provides a diverse range of soft tissue coverage options for patients with recalcitrant periprosthetic joint infection, adverse local tissue reaction with pseudotumor, or recurrent instability. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(3):e495–e500.]
Microscope-Integrated OCT Feasibility and Utility With the EnFocus System in the DISCOVER Study
Authors: Runkle Anne , Srivastava Sunil K. , Ehlers Justis P.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the feasibility and utility of a novel microscope-integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) system.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The DISCOVER study is an investigational device study evaluating microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT systems for ophthalmic surgery. This report focuses on subjects imaged with the EnFocus prototype system (Leica Microsystems/Bioptigen, Morrisville, NC). OCT was performed at surgeon-directed milestones. Surgeons completed a questionnaire after each case to evaluate the impact of OCT on intraoperative management.

RESULTS:

Fifty eyes underwent imaging with the EnFocus system. Successful imaging was obtained in 46 of 50 eyes (92%). In eight cases (16%), surgical management was changed based on intraoperative OCT findings. In membrane peeling procedures, intraoperative OCT findings were discordant from the surgeon's initial impression in seven of 20 cases (35%).

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrates the feasibility of microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT using the Bioptigen EnFocus system. Intraoperative OCT may provide surgeons with additional information that may influence surgical decision-making.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:216–222.]
Scleral Autograft for Optic Nerve Head Pit Associated Chronic Maculopathy
Authors: Shah Parag K. , Karandikar Smita S. , Narendran Venkatapathy
Published: March 2017

Chronic macular edema is a common finding seen in optic nerve head pits. There is no universally accepted modality present for this condition. Herein, the authors describe a novel surgical technique where a scleral autograft is used to plug the optic pit after microincision vitreous surgery.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:251–254.

]
Repair of Total Tractional Retinal Detachment in Norrie Disease: Report of Technique and Successful Surgical Outcome
Authors: Todorich Bozho , Thanos Aristomenis , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Capone Antonio
Published: March 2017

CASE REPORT:

Norrie disease is a rare, but devastating cause of pediatric retinal detachment, universally portending a poor visual prognosis. This paper describes successful surgical management of an infant with total retinal detachment associated with Norrie disease mutation. The infant was a full-term white male who presented with bilateral total funnel retinal detachments (RDs). He underwent genetic testing, which demonstrated single-point mutation 133 G>A transition in exon 2 of the
NDP
gene. The retinal detachment was managed with translimbal iridectomy, lensectomy, capsulectomy, and vitrectomy. Careful dissection of the retrolental membranes resulted in opening of the funnel. Single-stage surgery in this child's eye achieved re-attachment of the posterior pole with progressive reabsorption of subretinal fluid and cholesterol without the need for external drainage. Fluorescein angiography, performed at 2 months postoperatively, demonstrated perfusion of major vascular arcades, but with significant abnormalities and aneurysmal changes of higher-order vessels, suggestive of retinal and vascular dysplasia. The child has maintained brisk light perception vision. Early surgical intervention with careful dissection of tractional tissues can potentially result in good anatomic outcomes in some patients with Norrie disease-associated retinal detachment.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:260–262.

]
"Tit-Bits," New Journalism, and early Sherlock Holmes fandom
Authors: McClellan Ann
Published: March 2017

The Strand's more popular sister magazine, Tit-Bits, played a significant role in establishing Sherlock Holmes as a literary and cultural icon, particularly through its use of participatory practices, cross-promotion, and transmedia storytelling. I argue that Tit-Bits' late 19th-century New Journalism techniques like contests and prizes, inquiry columns, correspondence, and internal advertising fostered a corporately devised participatory fandom that directly contributed to Sherlock Holmes's popularity. Tit-Bits audiences were invited and encouraged to imagine new scenarios for their favorite character that were validated through publication. Such practices not only created a unique identity for Sherlock Holmes fandom but also directly contributed to the creation and maintenance of Holmes's fictional world. With fandom studies reaching more and more audiences—both academic and popular—historicizing early fan practices like the early publication and reception of the Sherlock Holmes stories provides important insight into how audiences have historically responded to, and interacted with, fictional characters, and how they helped sustain and expand those characters' fictional worlds.
florals": Female fans over 50 in the "Sherlock" fandom
Authors: Petersen Line Nybro
Published: March 2017

This article uses e-mail interviews with nine female fans to explore what it means to be a fan over the age of 50 of the popular BBC drama Sherlock (2010–). The research aims to better understand the role of fandom in later life, in particular how the participants in this study negotiate their perceptions of their subjective age in relation to being a fan in this part of their life course. This study combines theory on cultural gerontology with fan studies and mediatization theory in order to understand the dynamics and processes that guide fans' negotiations of subjective age as well as the role of fan practices and the affordances of social media in these processes. I argue that fandom, as a manifestation of a mediatized culture, augments the relevance of subjective age and informs the way in which participants in middle and later life perceive and negotiate their own subjective age specifically in relation to fandom as youth culture, women's passion, and creativity.
Unifying a Framework of Organizational Culture, Organizational Climate, Knowledge Management, and Job Performance
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: March 2017

This chapter introduces the framework and causal model of organizational culture, organizational climate, knowledge management, and job performance related to business process orientation. It argues that dimensions of organizational culture, organizational climate, and knowledge management have mediated positive effect on job performance. Knowledge management positively mediates the relationships between organizational culture and job performance and between organizational climate and job performance. Organizational culture is positively related to organizational climate. Furthermore, the author hopes that understanding the theoretical constructs of organizational culture, organizational climate, knowledge management, and job performance through the use of the framework and causal model will not only inform researchers of a better design for studying organizational culture, organizational climate, knowledge management, and job performance, but also assist in the understanding of intricate relationships between different factors.
Designing Business Models for Creating and Capturing Shared Value
Authors: Najmaei Arash , Sadeghinejad Zahra
Published: March 2017

Business models define configurations of activities that jointly enable a firm to create and capture value. The value paradigm is shifting from sharing created value to creating shared value in which firms and societies jointly create and share value to nurture more benefits for a sustainable business-environment symbiosis. Drawing on this logic, we develop a framework for designing business models that enable creation and capture of shared value. Our model builds on the practice theory and activity system and depicts business models as complex adaptive systems that co-evolve with markets. Using the shared value framework proposed by Porter and Kramer (2011) we propose three design themes namely the Product-Market Design (PMD), the Value Chain Design (VCD) and the Social Cluster Design (SCD). We specify features of each school from the activity perspective. Subsequently, we will discuss implications of our framework for theory, practice and management education and illuminate some directions for future research.
Boundaries and Challenges for Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: March 2017

Social and economic progress is inextricably intertwined. Charity and aid can improve the quality of life and the life chances of the poor by subsidizing interventions education and health care and increasing access to clean water and so forth. However, these interventions may not alleviate poverty in a sustained way unless increased economic participation and empowerment for the poor is ensured. Existing large corporations could support the economic engagement of the poor for the betterment of society. If there is an arena in which boundaries need to be defined and challenges understood well, it is social entrepreneurship, so that social enterprises and social entrepreneurs will be able to achieve their goals and objectives in a coherent and meaningful manner. The thrust of this chapter is to understand social entrepreneurship, its differentiators and its boundaries along with the challenges faced by social entrepreneurs. Based on content analysis, in-depth literature review and published reports, the chapter findings relate to the strategies which need to be adopted to overcome the challenges. It is also hoped that the global examples would serve as role models for future entrepreneurs.
Supporting Entrepreneurship in High Cost Economies
Authors: O'Connor Allan , Corral de Zubielqui Graciela , Li Mushui Huanmei , Dissanayake Manjula
Published: March 2017

This chapter sets out the findings of a comprehensive literature review that addressed three objectives: to review internationally recognised and accepted methodologies of entrepreneurial human and firm characteristics data collection and analysis; to formulate the contemporary view and latest research on entrepreneurial characteristics and how these characteristics contribute to a model of entrepreneurial firm behaviour; to examine developments in the literature that explain to what extent human characteristics influence and predict the performance of firms. The implications of this work are that firms with high potential in either innovation or market-based growth opportunities need to have the right environmental settings in terms of social, political, regulatory, economics, and technology for firms with a high success potential to realise this potential. The concept of stage progression and the relationship between the characteristics of the individual, the firm, and the opportunity provide the elements of a framework through which to consider government support programs and interventions.
Connecting Social Enterprise and Higher Education
Authors: Calvo Sara
Published: March 2017

Despite the increased attention paid to enterprise and entrepreneurship education in recent years, there exist limited bodies of research on the extent to which higher education institutions support and promote social enterprises. This chapter addresses this by drawing on previous research concerning enterprise and entrepreneurship education in universities and their role as drivers in bringing social change and improvement in individuals and the wider society. This chapter provides many examples of social enterprise curricular and co-curricular programmes in higher education institutions in the United Kingdom and concludes with a discussion of the opportunities and challenges of universities supporting social enterprise initiatives with a roadmap for future research directions.
Academic Entrepreneurship and Knowledge Transfer Networks
Authors: Pinto Hugo , Cruz Ana Rita , de Almeida Helena
Published: March 2017

This chapter underlines contributions that Science and Technology Studies (STS) can give to the analysis of the knowledge transfer process and academic entrepreneurship. The central objective of the chapter is to understand the challenges that an academic entrepreneur has to face to implement an innovative idea. To achieve this goal, the chapter presents two spin-off case studies from the Algarve region (Portugal). The case studies pay attention to academic entrepreneurship in the medical field (F1) and in eco-tourism (E1). It is given attention to the translation phases and to the network creation.
Advocating Entrepreneurship Education and Knowledge Management in Global Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: March 2017

This chapter reveals the perspectives of advocating entrepreneurship education and knowledge management (KM) in global business, thus describing the theoretical and practical concepts of network economy, sharing economy, entrepreneurship education, and KM; the empirical studies of entrepreneurship education and KM in the network economy and the sharing economy; the significance of entrepreneurship education in global business; and the significance of KM in global business. The achievement of entrepreneurship education and KM is crucial for modern organizations that seek to serve suppliers and customers, improve business performance, facilitate competitiveness, and obtain routine success. Thus, it is essential for modern organizations to explore their entrepreneurship education and KM applications, develop a strategic plan to investigate their advancements, and respond to entrepreneurship education and KM needs of customers. Applying entrepreneurship education and KM has the potential to enhance organizational performance and achieve strategic goals in the digital age.
Motivations and Challenges of Female Entrepreneurship in Developed and Developing Economies
Authors: Chandan Harish C.
Published: March 2017

Globally, women entrepreneurs manage micro enterprises, social enterprises, small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) and knowledge-based businesses. The entrepreneurship rates for women vary globally and, in general, are smaller than those for men. Both the Individual-centric approach and country-specific approach is necessary since women in different countries operate in a specific socioeconomic context (Singh, 2012; Pathak et al., 2013). For increasing the entrepreneurial rates of women businesses in a country, one has to consider the individual, psychological, socioeconomic and political context including education, mentoring, financial support, networking, and social, cultural and religious norms (GEM, 2014). An egalitarian social paradigm is proposed which removes social, cultural and religious constraints for women and counts on men to share equally in the household and family care activities. The motivations and challenges, of women entrepreneurs have to be understood in the context of the gender role and the duality of modernization vs. tradition (Belwal, 2014).
The Advent of Social Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aloulou Wassim J.
Published: March 2017

Social entrepreneurship is attracting growing interest of several actors in the society. It is not only seen as response to numerous constraints, but also to a pressing social demand. Thus, it offers a development model in which social mission, social value creation, social responsibility and sustainability are the key words. In this chapter, the author introduces the emerging field of social entrepreneurship and the new social business models and strategies needed to meet differently social needs and ensure a growing social sector in the global economy. The author chooses to study a specific context: the Saudi context; then, presents the context of social entrepreneurship, the existing Saudi ecosystem and selected social entrepreneurial initiatives undertaken by several stakeholders. These initiatives are reviewed and some inclusive business models are discovered. Finally, the author discusses the empirical findings and opens up research perspectives aiming to understand more the phenomenon in such context with political, practical and educational issues.
A Study on the Effect of Culture and Human and Social Capital on Entrepreneurial Strategies in Family Businesses in Iran
Authors: Moghaddam Hossein , Russ Meir
Published: March 2017

Family businesses are formed and often transferred to new generations in order to achieve both financial and non-financial desired performances. Socioemotional wealth, such as a family's desire to exercise authority, and enjoyment of family influence, is an important driver of non-financial desires. Family business owners take into account socioemotional gains or losses for the family when considering the relative risks and benefits of various strategic choices. Culture, human capital, and social capital are some of the variables that influence decisions regarding socioemotional gains and losses. Entrepreneurship is also favorable for any economy and the interconnectivity of family businesses and entrepreneurship is of a great importance. To study the effect of the mentioned variables we have studied family business in Iran, a family oriented country with a strong cultural consistency which in many cases influences businesses. This study aims to analyze how culture, human capital, and social capital affect the preservation and development of socioemotional wealth in families and how they affect the firm's performance.
Entrepreneurship in Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: March 2017

In Startup Rising: The Entrepreneurial Revolution Remaking the Middle East, Schroeder reminds one that the collective GDP of the Arab world is larger than Russia's and India's and nearly twice that of China on a per capita basis. The Middle East has more than 350 million people whose disposable income has grown by 50 percent over the last three years and whose Internet appetite has been expanding at a speed that rivals that of any other region in the world. More than 40 percent of those online denizens say that they would like to start their own businesses. Sultanate of Oman is no exception and eyeing towards more entrepreneurial activities. The government is also keen to facilitate entrepreneurship development. In this backdrop, the aim of this paper is to understand entrepreneurship with reference to Sultanate of Oman, a stable balanced developing economy in Middle East. With rising trends towards entrepreneurship, and hotbeds of entrepreneurial activity emerging therein, the core of the paper is to provide insights of entrepreneurship in Sultanate of Oman through case approach.
How Globalization Sparked Entrepreneurship in the Developing World
Authors: Dau Luis Alfonso , Moore Elizabeth M. , Soto Margaret A. , LeBlanc Cory R.
Published: March 2017

In light of globalization, the international business literature has focused on the economic impacts of interconnectedness resulting in new trade patterns, monetary and labor flows, and global governance. The political science literature has focused on the possibility of new liberal norms allowing for collective action and inter-state relations. While these two theoretical paths have been studied independently, less attention has been given to the interplay between them. Does the changing political environment impact multinational corporations, entrepreneurial activity, and firm performance? The purpose of this chapter is to understand and analyze entrepreneurship in emerging markets through the lens of intergovernmental organizations, global governance and geopolitics, and the changing nature of the over-arching political system. Through a case study of Peru, this chapter aims to provide theoretical insight to the discussion of entrepreneurship within emerging markets to better understand the global antecedents of entrepreneurial activity in order to propel economic development.
Caliber persistent artery in the anterior palate of an Egyptian patient with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a rare case report
Authors: Khalele Bacem A.E.O.
Published: March 2017

This paper reports a very rare case of isolated ulcerative lesion of the palate in a patient with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The patient refused to run any radiological tests, other than the periapical radiograph. This rendered the diagnostic dilemma more challenging. Through histochemical and immunohistochemical stains, the case could be non-invasively diagnosed as caliberpersistent artery. All differential diagnoses were excluded based on concrete findings.
Transient idiopathic central diabetes insipidus: is severe sepsis a possible cause?
Authors: Lazzari Ilaria , Graziani Alessandro , Mirici Federica , Stefanini Giuseppe Francesco
Published: March 2017

Idiopathic central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a disorder characterized by hypotonic polyuria and polydipsia, without any identified etiology. Here we report a case of a 57-year-old woman, with idiopathic CDI, admitted to our department with severe sepsis and acute kidney failure. After clinical and radiological investigations, she was diagnosed with idiopathic CDI. In this case report the findings suggest that severe sepsis could be the trigger for this disease. In addition, we hypothesise that apelin, a diuretic neuropeptide, plays a role in such a process. Apelin levels are known to increase during severe sepsis, which in turn counteracts vasopressin actions through inhibition of vasopressin neuron activity and vasopressin release.
An old woman with chronic palmar dermatosis, rheumatism, and nail changes
Authors: Modesto dos Santos Vitorino , Lima Pedrosa David , Abreu Soares Ferreira Leonardo , Silva Helbingen Mariely Fernanda
Published: March 2017

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition with variable changes on the skin and nails, sometimes associated with osteoarticular manifestations characterizing the psoriatic arthritis. This arthritis may precede, follow, or be concomitant with the skin lesions of psoriasis. Unsuspected psoriatic arthritis may be misdiagnosed by other seronegative spondyloarthritis, mainly in primary care attention, and ominous outcomes are related to late and inadequate management. Therefore, diagnostic exercises with base on significant clinical and radiological images might contribute to enhance the suspicion index about these challenging conditions.
Metabolism plays the key roles in Th cells differentiation
Authors: Hosseinzadeh A. , Soukhtehzari S. , Ghaedi M. , Mansouri R.
Published: March 2017

The increasing rate of autoimmunity in recent decades cannot be related to only genetic instabilities and disorders. Diet can directly influence our health. Studies have shown that there is a relationship between nutritional elements and alteration in the immune system. Among immune cells, the function of T lymphocyte is important in directing immune response. T CD4+ cells lead other immune cells to respond to pathogens by secreting cytokines. HIV+ patients, who have largely lost their T CD4+ cells, are susceptible to opportunistic infections, which do not normally affect healthy people. It seems that the metabolism of T cells is critical for their differentiation and their consequent functions. After activation, T cells need to undergo clonal expansion, which is a high energy- consuming process. Studies have shown that specific metabolites deprivation or their excess supply affects T CD4+cells subsets differentiation. Abnormal induction of subsets of T CD4+ cells causes some autoimmunity reactions and hyper-sensitivity as well, which may result from imbalance of diet uptake. In this mini-review, we describe the findings about fatty acids, glucose, amino acids, and vitamins, which are effective in determining the fates of T CD4+ cells. These findings may help us uncover the role of diet in autoimmune diseases.
Some dyke-Gabbro relationships in the Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus
Authors: Stillman C J
Published: March 2017

This study derives from a brief field-mapping survey made in 1983 to support the petrographic and geochemical logging of core from drill hole CY-4. Two areas were examined: the first south and east of Agros, about 6.5 km west of CCSP Hole CY-4, where the passage
from sheeted dykes to underlying gabbros is well exposed, the second, east of Kato and Pano Amiandos, and 8.5 km west of Agros, where deeper layered gabbros are seen. The form and nature of the dyke-gabbro interface and the geometric relationship of the dykes to the gabbro layering were shown to be
consistent with a model of magma emplacement in a cl uster of small discrete plutons, which fed dykes through dilational fissures related to the roofs of the plutons. The sheeted dyke complex does not appear to be emplaced from a single narrow fissure, but from a large number of such fissures each
of limited length and related to specific small magma chambers. Whole-rock chemical analysis of a limited number of samples indicates that the magma parental to the dykes and probably the gabbros is of a supra-subduction zone origin, mostly of early island arc tholeiite affinity, though some may be
of a boninitic character.
Petrological features of gabbroic and ultramafic rocks from deep drill CY-4, Cyprus
Authors: Laurent R , Hebert R
Published: March 2017

The CY-4 plutonic sequence, below 1000 meters, consists of: (1) a lower ultramafic unit (2263-1746 m); (2) a median layered gabbronorite unit (1746-1533 m); (3) an upper massive gabbronorite unit (1533-1000 m). Unit 1 is a well layered suite of isomodal
websterite mesocumulates interbedded with lherzolitic and gabbronoritic layers. Below 1900 m, these rocks show evidence of high temperature ductile deformation. Low chromium and aluminum Cpx is the dominant phase (Wo43_45 - En51 _48 - Fs6_7). Unit 2 is layered and mainly consists of two-pyroxene
gabbro adcumulates. An-rich PI is the predominant mineral. Unit 3 is a relatively uniform noritic gabbro. Ranges of mineral compositions in the gabbroic units are limited: Pl (An89_94), Opx (En66_75) and Cpx (Wo47_44 - En44_41 - Fs9_15). Bulk chemistry and cryptic mineral variations show that the
sequence forms a single differentiation suite recording distinct fractionation stages of the same magma. Thus, the plutonic sequence appears to have evolved in a relatively confined system, where increasing water pressure was a significant factor, rather than under conditions of a magma chamber
periodically replenished by fresh influxes of parental magma. The differentiation trend is dominated by the effect of the co-crystallization and fractionation of Cpx and Opx. The calculated ' liquid line of descent' of the cumulates is in line with the trend defined by UPL glass suggesting that the
CY -4 plutonic rocks and Troodos upper volcanic rocks are comagmatic.
Fine-scale modal layering and cyclic units in ultramafic cumulates from the CY-4 borehole, Troodos Ophiolite: evidence for an open system magma chamber
Authors: Browning P , Roberts S , Alabaster T
Published: March 2017

The ultramafic cumulates intersected in the lower third of the CY-4 borehole are characterised by a series of cyclic units which are defined by modal layering on about a three metre scale. Wavelength dispersive electron microprobe data on mineral phases for
selected intervals of core sampled at about a one metre spacing reveal cryptic variation at this scale. Particularly striking is the rapid variation in mineral composition with height and the overall coherence in mineral chemistry between coexisting phases within the cyclic units. The cyclic units
suggest a process involving fractional crystallisation in an open system magma chamber. Rapid variation in Cr20 3 content indicates that a cyclic unit 1.65 m thick formed by crystallisation of a magma body of 1.80 m vertical dimension. This thickness is orders of magnitude less than the total
thickness of the Troodos cumulate pile; models involving large and well-mixed magma chambers are precluded. The unexpected overall coherence in vertical profiles of compatible and incompatible elements suggests that, in this cumulate pile, the geochemical consequences of compaction and the
concomitant expulsion of an intercumulus melt were limited in extent.
Hypersaline fluids discovered in the Troodos Ophiolite
Authors: Vibetti N J , Kerrich R , Fyfe W S
Published: March 2017

Two distinct hydrothermal fluids have been identified in the Troodos ophiolite from fluid inclusion studies of alteration minerals encountered in drillhole CY-4. Alteration mineral assemblages signify zeolite (laumontite-stilbite-analcite-calcite±gypsum) to
greenschist (albite-actinolite-epidote-anorthite-quartzdiopside) facies conditions of hydrothermal alteration. The first population of primary fluid inclusions are two phase liquid+ vapour, with Te= -31 to -19°C, Tm= -5 to -0.1°C, and Th= 140 to 354°C, corresponding to NaCl thermal
waters of 8 to 0.7 wt.% NaCl equivalent salinity, plausibly evolved seawater. A second population of primary fluid inclusions contain liquid, vapour ± NaCl daughter crystals, where Te = -55 to -43°C, Tm = -34 to -0.3°C, and Th = 130 to 300°C. Such fluids are dominantly
hypersaline CaClrNaCl brines, involved in local Ca-metasomatism of the ophiolite. Enhanced salinities may have resulted from the reaction of seawater with peridotite to produce serpentine + brine. Sporadic low salinity fluids may represent either condensate from a boiling hydrothermal fluid, or a
third, late-stage aqueous reservoir.
Magnetic properties, oxide petrography, and alteration in the Cyprus crustal study project drill hole CY-4 section through the lower sheeted complex and upper plutonic complex of the Troodos, Cyprus, Ophiolite
Authors: Hall J M , Fisher B , Walls C , Ward T , Hall L , Johnson H P , Pariso J
Published: March 2017

This report describes the distribution of five magnetic and nine oxide petrographic properties for the 2263 m vertical section through the Troodos Cyprus ophiolite, sampled in the Cyprus Crustal Study Project drillhole CY-4. The magnetic properties reported are
intensity of natural remanence, Jo, initial susceptibility, K, mean demagnetization field, MDF, saturation magnetization, Js, and Curie Temperature, Tc. The Fe-Ti oxide parameters reported are deuteric oxidation state, hydrothermal oxidation state, low temperature oxidation state, titanomagnetite
secondary reconstruction, chains of secondary magnetite, overgrowths of secondary magnetite, martite, secondary hematite replacement of magnetite, and a measure of the ratio of primary to secondary magnetite. The principal general results are the close correspondence between the main lithologic,
magnetic and oxide alteration zones, and the intense polyphase alteration in the dike zone, with clearly decreased intensity of alteration in the dikes of the Sheeted Complex-Plutonic Complex transition zone.
The physical properties of diabases, gabbros and ultramafic rocks from C.C.S.P. drill hole CY-4 at Palekhori, Cyprus
Authors: Smith G C , Vine F J
Published: March 2017

The physical properties bulk and grain density, porosity, compressional and shear wave velocity, electrical conductivity, intensity and inclination of the natural remanent magnetization and magnetic susceptibility have been measured. On the basis of these
physical properties the CY-4 section is thought to provide an analogue of oceanic seismic layers 2C, 3A and 3B. Layer 2C which extends to 724 metres in CY-4, the midpoint of the transition from sheeted dykes to isotropic gabbro, is characterized by gradients in density, seismic velocities, porosity
and electrical conductivity. Within layer 3A, the gabbros, there is little depth variation in physical properties. The 3A-3B boundary at a depth of 1750 metres is marked by a sharp increase in velocity and density from the gabbros above to the cumulate ultramafics below. Within layer 3B there is
little variation in the physical properties with depth, except where there is an enhanced degree of serpentinization. This causes major changes in all the physical properties; a decrease in density and seismic velocities, an increase in Poisson's ratio, NRM intensity and susceptibility, and a
decrease in electrical conductivity due to modification of the porosity. The inclinations of the remanent magnetization vectors in the ultramafics suggest that the serpentinization occurred on the seafloor rather than during the recent uplift of the ophiolite.
Geology and geophysics of borehole CY-4 of the Cyprus crustal study project: summary
Authors: Malpas J , Robinson P T , Salisbury M
Published: March 2017

The CY-4 borehole provides a continuous sample (99% recovery) of a 2263 m-thick section through the sheeted dyke complex and plutonic sequence of the Troodos ophiolite. Five zones are recognized on the basis of lithology and phase chemistry: ( 1) 0-675 m.
Sheeted diabase dykes. (2) 675-900 m. Fine- to medium-grained gabbro. (3) 900-1330 m. Fine- to medium-grained gabbro-norite and two-pyroxene diabase dykes. (4) 1330-1740 m. Medium- to coarse-grained gabbro-norite. (5) 1740-2263 m. Medium- to coarse-grained websterite and related rocks. Contacts
between these zones are either gradational (Zone 2/3), intrusive (Zones 3/4) or faulted (Zones 4/5). Alteration throughout most of the plutonic section is limited to partial replacement of pyroxenes by actinolite; olivine is partially serpentinized but plagioclase remains essentially unaltered.
There is a general trend towards more primitive primary mineral compositions with increasing depth with a sharp break at the intrusive contact between Zones 3 and 4. Results suggest that the gabbros and ultramafic rocks from Zones 4 and 5 crystallized in a relatively closed magma chamber. In
contrast, the rocks of the upper zones appear to reflect crystallization in a magma chamber that was open to periodic replenishment. Laboratory measurements of magnetic and other physical properties and downhole logging of compressional and shear wave velocity, density, porosity, electrical
resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and field strength, temperature and hole diameter, strongly suggest that the oceanic layer 2/3 boundary coincides with the sheeted dyke/gabbro transition.
Geological and geochemical data for sediment and pore water samples from the Nares Abyssal Plain, North western Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Winters G V , Buckley D E , Granston R E , Fitzgerald R A , Stoffyn M , Stoffyn-Egli P
Published: March 2017

This report includes geological and chemical data that were compiled sediment and pore water analyses of cores collected from the Nares Abyssal Plain, in the north western Atlantic Ocean. Sediment samples were taken from 5 cores. Sediment analyses included
colour, mean grain size, water content, organic carbon, total carbon, total metals (Ca, Mg, K, Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni), weak acid leachable metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni), and reducible metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu,Ni). Pore water analyses included major cations (Na, Mg, Ca, K), nutrients (silicate,
nitrate, phosphate), total alkalinity, total sulfate, trace metals (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd), free hydrogen ion, free electrons and sulfide ion.
Effects of small scale seafloor roughness on acoustic reflectivity measurements on the Newfoundland Shelf
Authors: Simpkin P G
Published: March 2017

Recently there has been an increase in the use of acoustics, and in particular the amplitude of seismic reflections, for the prediction of the physical properties of marine sediments. These techniques generally assume a plane wave reflection from a smooth
seafloor and do not calculate the contribution of energy scattered from a rough surface. The effect of seafloor roughness on the spectral content of echoes produced by a boomer profiling system (the Huntec Deep Towed Seismic - DTS System) are evaluated in this report. Estimates of roughness using
shot to shot coherence at discrete positions are compared to roughness obtained from a suite of bottom photographs. Information of a more regional nature has been obtained by continuous and simultaneous display of the seismic profile along with reflectivity parameters and coherence functions. The
calculation of the contribution of the scattered component to the overall energy content of a reflection is required as a first step in the modelling of downsection acoustic properties as indicators of geotechnical parameters.
Index to samples collected by the Atlantic Geoscience Centre for 1984
Authors: Hardy I A , Fisher L E , Holt D R , Langdon D R
Published: March 2017

The Atlantic Geoscience Centre (AGC) at the Bedford lnstitute of Oceanography (BIO) is responsible for providing and assisting with the procurement and curation of core, dredge, grab and other marine geological samples routinely collected onboard government
oceanographic/hydrographic survey vessels off the East Coast of Canada and High Arctic, and from Geological Survey of Canada field parties conducted onshore Eastern Canada by AGC staff. One mandate of the Geological Survey of Canada is to protect all fundamental resources for geoscientific study in
Candda . To meet this responsibility, the Program Support Subdivision at AGC maintains all soft sediment marine samples within the confines of a core sample repository located at BIO. ln 1984, 14 sampling cruises and 7 field programs obtained samples from more than 450 locations. A Sample Management
System on the BIO Cyber mainframe in System 20UO provides direct access to the storage location, procurement, sampling history and processing for these samples. Plots of the samples obtained in 1984 are included at a scale of 1:1,000,000 and 1:6,000,000.
Ages of diabase dyke intrusions, Great Slave Lake shear zone, Northwest Territories
Authors: Pehrsson S J , van Breemen O , Hanmer S
Published: March 2017

U-Pb isotopic analysis of baddeleyite from two diabase dykes within the Great Slave Lake shear zone, both trending 080°, yield disparate Proterozoic ages. A dyke which cuts Archean leucogranite is 2038 +/- 3 Ma old, suggesting that this intrusion is part of
the Hearne dyke swarm of the southeastern Archean Slave Province. A slightly altered dyke emplaced into early Proterozoic biotite-hornblende granite has yielded an age of 1267 +/- 3 Ma. This age justifies correlation with the northwesterly-trending Mackenzie dyke swarm.
Preliminary geochronological results from the Winter Lake-Lac de Gras Slave Province NATMAP project, Northwest Territories
Authors: Villeneuve M
Published: March 2017

U-Pb ages on three plutonic and two volcanic rocks are reported from the Winter Lake-Lac de Gras NATMAP project in the central Slave Province. Two volcanic rocks from the north-trending, Courageous Lake Volcanic Belt give disparate ages. A rhyolite, near
Matthews Lake, has an age of 2671 +5/-4 Ma, typical of Yellowknife Supergroup volcanic rocks throughout the Slave Province. The other rhyolite porphyry intrudes mafic metavolcanics near Courageous Lake and gives and age of 2729 +8/-7 Ma. this age is about 15 Ma older than the oldest recognized
volcanic rock from the Yellowknife belt. A strained monzogranite, previously postulated as part of a granitoid gneiss basement complex to turbiditic metasediments, has a zircon crystallization age of 2720 +8/-7 Ma and a titanite age, interpreted to reflect final cooling of the pluton through
550°C, of 2657 +/- 5 Ma. The Couregeous Lake pluton, a circular, post- to late deformational pluton gives and age of 2613 +6/-5 Ma, in accord with a 2587 +/- 2 Ma monazite age on a post-deformational dyke that crosscuts amphibolitic layering in the northern part of the map
area.
U-Pb age of the Canoe Landing Lake Formation, Tetagouche Group, New Brunswick
Authors: Sullivan R W , van Staal C R
Published: March 2017

A U-Pb age of 470 +4/-2 Ma for the Canoe Landing Lake Formation has been determined using zircon and monazite from a rhyolite intercalated with alkalic basalts. The zircons contain inheritance with superimposed recent lead loss. The monazite ages are variable and
have higher errors, but appear somewhat older. The age of the rhyolite confirms the presence of a thrust fault between the basalts and the immediately underlying rhyolites occurring at the top of the Flat Landing Brook Formation (465 +/- 2 Ma).
Geology of the Early Proterozoic gold metallotect, Hurwitz Group in the Cullaton-Griffin lakes area, central Churchill Structural Province, Northwest Territories
Authors: Miller A R , Balog M J , Barham B A , Reading K L
Published: March 2017

Remnants of northeast-trending sediment-dominated fold and thrust belts are distributed across the Churchill Structural Province, north of 60°. These belts record early Proterozoic transpression across the entire Churchill Province. The early Proterozoic
Hurwitz Group in the southern half of the Churchill Province is host to one past-producing gold mine and numerous gold prospects. Vein-type lode gold is confined to thrusts, imbricate thrust stacks, and coeval extensional faults associated with surge zones in para-autochthonous lower Hurwitz Group
strata. Zoned hydrothermal alteration assemblages are temporally and spatially related to the earliest phase of basement-cover infolding. Hydrothermal fluids are interpreted to have been generated in the Archean basement and focused along Proterozoic thrusts and related faults. Regional variation of
alteration assemblages in metasomatised Proterozoic rocks reflect hydrothermal fluid reaction with lithologically distinct Archean basement domains.