bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Rectangular Core-Shell Double Gate Junctionless Transistor (RCS-DGJLT)
Authors: Narula Vishal , Verma Shekhar , Saini Amit , Agarwal Mohit
Published: November 2023

The shrinking of the device parameters' dimensions could be a solution for
improving the performance and high transistor density of traditional MOSFETs.
However, the short-channel effects could create a problem in the performance of the
device. This chapter examines and performs comprehensive simulations of the standard
junctionless double-gate transistor. In this research, silicon thickness and work function
engineering are used to better understand the junctionless transistor's operation. As
silicon thickness increases, the junctionless double-gate FET's performance begins to
decline. Additionally, the typical double-gate junctionless FET is modelled, and the
change in silicon thickness, work function, gate dielectric, and doping concentration is
studied. The findings of the analysis and simulation are found to be quite similar. As a
result, the device is referred to as a rectangular core-shell double-gate junctionless
transistor because of the core being sandwiched between the two shells of the device
(RCS-DGJLT). While the core-shell is doped with acceptor impurities in an n-type
RCS-DGJLT, donor impurities are used in the shells. The device performance
parameters have been improved such that IOFF of order ~10-14A, ION ~10-5A, ION/IOFF ~109
,
SS nearly 68.9mV/decade, DIBL nearly 52.6mV/V are obtained at a total silicon
thickness of 12nm and channel length of 20nm. The effect of channel length variation
on RCS-DGJLT is also studied. RCS-DGJLT is found to have better performance than
conventional DGJLT.
Performance Analysis of Electrical Characteristics of Hetero-junction LTFET at Different Temperatures for IoT Applications
Authors: Chander Sweta , Kumar Sinha Sanjeet
Published: November 2023

Scaling down the metal-oxide- semiconductor (MOS) technology in the
nanometer regime has been performed to achieve high device performance, but
reliability and power consumption are the main concern for the semiconductor
industry. In the past few years, area-scaled tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs)
have been researched aggressively to enhance the tunneling cross-sectional area of
devices. Although the area-scaled Tfet increases the device footprint for the same
channel length when compared to the conventional TFET structure. This problem can
be resolved by considering a nonplanar device structure. The LTFET structure
enhances the on-state current and reduces the device footprint area. In the present
study, a detailed analysis of the electrical characteristics of L-shaped TFET (LTFET)
through 2-D TCAD simulations is presented. The proposed hetero-junction LTFET
with 20 nm gate length exhibits a high ION of 1.08×10-4 A/µm, low IOFF of 1.57×10-14
A/µm, high ION/IOFF of 1010, and steep sub-threshold slope (SS) of 25 mV/dec at room
temperature. The analysis has been carried out to encounter the effect of Gaussian traps
at the channel–gate oxide interface at a wide range of temperatures from 250 K to 350
K. An extensive study on the influence of temperature variations on various DC
analysis, AC analysis, linearity analysis, and electrical noise analysis has been carried
out. The study reveals that the electrical parameters like ION, IOFF, and SS, on which all
figures of merit (FOMs) of the device depend, show a small variation with increasing
temperature. The drain current noise spectral density (SID) changes from 2.12×10-26
A
2
/Hz to 2.42×10-20 A2
/Hz, and voltage noise spectral density (SVG) changes from
1.79×10-11 V2
/Hz to 1.97×10-5 V2
/Hz on increasing temperature from 250 K to 350 K.
The change in temperature does not impact the on-current of the device, while a small
variation in the off-current occurs. The various FOMs of the device also show small
variations in the results with increasing temperature. The only unfavorable factor where
the evident change in the results has been observed is the electrical noise characteristics
of the device. The reliability analysis clarifies that the proposed LTFET device
performs well at a wide range of temperatures and can be well-suited for low-power
applications.
FinFET Advancements and Challenges: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Ghosh Rahul , Majumder Tanmoy , Bhattacharjee Abhishek , Debbarma Rupanjal
Published: November 2023

A review of the electrical and physical characteristics of FinFETs is
presented here. This work focuses on the latest structures of FinFET according to its
classifications and three-dimensional schematics. Through studying the output I-V
characteristics, the transfer characteristics, and the subthreshold current in the FinFET
channel, the electrical characteristics of FinFETs have been analyzed. Considerations
were made of coulomb, phonon, and surface roughness scattering to examine effective
charge carrier mobility in the FinFET channel. Lastly, in this chapter, the impact of the
Fin layer shape on device performance is studied.
Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Energy Harvesting
Authors: Shrivastava Anup , Saini Shivani , Singh Sanjai
Published: November 2023

The rapid advancement in technologies and a surge in the global population
with the swift Industrialization led to severe challenges in fulfilling global energy
demand. In the last few decades, researchers have been fiercely looking for the
development of sustainable energy sources to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality and
green energy generation. Among the various approaches to green energy generation,
solar and thermoelectric conversions are the most lucrative. In both solar and
thermoelectric means of energy generation, direct conversion of sunlight and
temperature gradient into useful electricity is possible without involving heavy
mechanical instruments or hazardous gases, which makes it more robust and prone to
environmental degradation. Despite the several advantages, solar cell and
thermoelectric power generation are still suffering from the challenges of low power
conversion efficiency and long-term stability. In 2004, graphene was discovered,
ushering in a new age of 2D materials research. The family of two-dimensional
materials has been intensively explored in recent years as a reliable and effective
alternative material for numerous applications, including thermoelectric power
conversion and solar cell components, due to their distinctive material features.
Geometric symmetry has a big impact on the electrical characteristics of 2D layered
nanomaterials because they are highly sensitive to structural perfection. Numerous
nanomaterials have recently been exfoliated, and computational predictions have been
made for their potential applications in solar cells and thermoelectric generators. In this
chapter, we will basically discuss the insight of emerging nano-materials, their key
properties, and applications for designing renewable energy devices. The ultra-thin
layer-based solar cells and nano-materials-based thermoelectric generators will also be
introduced as a section of the chapter. The concept of emerging classes of nano-materials such as Janus monolayers, van-der Waals structures, and group-IV
chalcogenides further piques the interest of the reader to learn about the different
perspectives of nano-materials and nano-devices.
System edukacji oraz kształcenie nauczycieli wychowania przedszkolnego i edukacji wczesnoszkolnej w Norwegii
Authors: Michalczuk Karol
Published: November 2023

Artykuł prezentuje problematykę związaną z norweskim systemem edukacji, zwracając szczególną uwagę na edukację przedszkolną i początkowy etap edukacji szkolnej, a także system kształcenia nauczycieli wychowania przedszkolnego i edukacji wczesnoszkolnej w Norwegii. Doboru treści dokonano na podstawie analizy literatury przedmiotu, ramowego planu nauczania obowiązującego w przedszkolach norweskich oraz podstawy programowej przedmiotów szkolnych w norweskim systemie edukacyjnym, aktach prawnych oraz oferty Uniwersytetu OsloMet w Oslo. Oparto się tu również na raportach i analizach statystycznych z norweskich baz danych dostępnych w Internecie oraz własnych doświadczeniach, wynikających z wieloletniej pracy w norweskim systemie edukacji.
Strategia sukcesu Roberta Biedronia w wyborach na Prezydenta Miasta Słupska w 2014 roku. Jak rozbić szklany sufit?
Authors: Kupczyk Alicja
Published: November 2023

Artykuł poświęcony jest kampanii wyborczej Roberta Biedronia na Prezydenta Miasta Słupska w wyborach samorządowych w 2014r. Poruszone zostaną kwestie związane z budowaniem wizerunku kandydata, kulisy tworzenia strategii wyborczej, przebieg kampanii. Podjęta zostanie próba odpowiedzi na pytania: Jak przy niewielkim budżecie przeprowadzić skuteczną kampanię? W jaki sposób wykorzystano media, zarówno tradycyjne, jak i nowe, w opisywanej kampanii ? Jakie czynniki odegrały kluczową rolę w drodze do zwycięstwa?
Kształtowanie umiejętności społecznych dzieci i młodzieży wobec zagrożeń cyberprzemocą w odniesieniu do opowiadań Wieża ciśnień i Pstryk
Authors: Krzemiński Maciej
Published: November 2023

Artykuł jest próbą opisu zjawisk rywalizacji rówieśniczej i związanej z nią cyberprzemocy obecnych w nowych mediach w odniesieniu do literatury dla dzieci i młodzieży. Analizowane opowiadania są ilustracją realnych zagrożeń, które niesie wirtualna rzeczywistość. Tego rodzaju literatura zarówno w formie i treści stanowi dla młodego odbiorcy ważne źródło wiedzy dotyczącej otaczającego go świata. Opowiadania te są zatem dobrą propozycją do lektury tak dla rodziców, nauczycieli a zwłaszcza młodzieży.
Assurantheit en geilheit. Representaties van vrouwelijke seksualiteit in de Republiek tussen 1710 en 1740
Authors: Van Meer Auke
Published: November 2023

Na een periode van pornografische hoogtijdagen in de Republiek volgde in de eerste decennia in de achttiende eeuw een afname van seksueel expliciete romans. Dit artikel analyseert discoursen van vrouwelijke seksualiteit aan de hand van bronnen die tot voorheen een beperkte rol kenden in de historiografie over seksuele representaties.
Op de bres voor de vrouwelijke notaris. Vrouwenemancipatie in het Nederlandse notariaat
Authors: Roos Dirk , Cikot Roos Theus
Published: November 2023

Bijna honderd jaar geleden vochten vrouwen voor toegang tot het notariaat. Hoewel zij wel de opleiding tot kandidaat-notaris mochten volgen, en als zodanig werken op een notariskantoor, konden zij niet benoemd worden tot notaris. Tegen deze discriminatie verzette een groepje vrouwelijke kandidaat-notarissen zich met een bezoek aan de minister van Justitie en een rekest aan de Tweede en Eerste Kamer. De christelijke partijen hielden openstelling van het notariaat voor vrouwen echter (opnieuw) tegen. Pas na de Tweede Wereldoorlog was het tij gekeerd en werd de eerste vrouwelijke notaris in Nederland benoemd.
Exploring the spiritual and experiential dimensions of Sharia-compliant hotels in Indonesian halal tourism: A netnographic analysis of TripAdvisor reviews
Authors: Alam Azhar , Sukmana Raditya , Ratnasari Ririn Tri , Arfiatin Intan , Mellinia Rashifahunnisa’
Published: November 2023

Sharia-compliant hotels constitute a pivotal element of Indonesia's burgeoning halal tourism sector. This research employs a netnographic methodology, employing TripAdvisor reviews, to elucidate the spiritual encounters and divergent assessments encountered by visitors to these Sharia hotels. The escalating demand for accommodations adhering to Sharia principles has driven exceptional industry expansion. Nevertheless, there is a noticeable paucity of scholarly investigations into the religious experiences of patrons frequenting such establishments. This netnographic investigation endeavors to discern and provide qualitative insights into the dichotomy of positive and negative reviews, alongside the spiritual dimensions encountered by guests at Sharia hotels within Indonesia. Analyzing a dataset comprising 427 reviews spanning nine Sharia hotels through grounded theory, our findings reveal that 24.35% of patrons perceive these establishments as meticulously designed with subtle religious nuances and Middle Eastern themes. Furthermore, 25.61% of positive reviews accentuate attributes such as cleanliness, orderliness, and comfort, whereas 53.70% of negative reviews underscore deficiencies in facilities. This study acknowledges its limitation concerning the number of Sharia hotels meeting the specified research criteria. Nevertheless, its findings hold considerable significance as a foundation for service enhancements, and it calls for further research elucidating advanced marketing strategies tailored to address guest feedback concerning Islamic hotels.
An eHealth Prevention Program for Substance Use, Sexual Assault, and Sexual Risk Behaviors for Adolescents in Primary Care: Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial of Teen Well Check (Preprint)
Authors: Gilmore Amanda K , Fortson Kennicia , Mullican K Nicole , García-Ramírez Grisel , Hutchins Anna , Bartlett Alyssa M , Gooding Holly C , Wallis Elizabeth , Levy Sharon , Ruggiero Kenneth J , Kaysen Debra , Danielson Carla Kmett , Platner Robert , Hartman April , Self-Brown Shannon
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk behaviors are common among adolescents and are interrelated. Nearly 1 in 5 adolescents use substances before sexual encounters, placing these young people at risk for both sexual assault and sexual risk behaviors. Primary care visits present a unique opportunity to address multiple health risk behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

Teen Well Check is a web-based integrated prevention program for substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk behaviors with demonstrated usability and acceptability among patients and providers. The aim of this study was to conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial to assess feasibility.

METHODS

Adolescents (n=123) aged 14 to 18 years from diverse backgrounds were recruited from primarily Medicaid-serving pediatric primary care clinics. Participants completed a baseline survey; were randomized to receive Teen Well Check or an assessment-only control; and completed 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up surveys. Feasibility was assessed in terms of recruitment and retention rates. Preliminary changes from baseline to follow-up periods were examined separately in the Teen Well Check and control conditions.

RESULTS

We recruited 123 participants (Teen Well Check: n=61, 49.6%; control: n=62, 50.4%). Of the 61 participants assigned to the Teen Well Check condition, 55 (90%) completed the full program and viewed all intervention content. Of the 123 participants, 105 (85.4%) were retained across at least 1 follow-up period, and there was no difference in follow-up rates between the conditions (χ21=0.6; P=.43). The completion of Teen Well Check took an average of 6.2 (SD 5.8) minutes. Preliminary analyses revealed that there were significant reductions in perceived peer norms (descriptive norms) for substance use before sex across follow-ups among participants in the Teen Well Check condition (P=.001 from baseline to 6 months), whereas there were significant increases among participants in the control condition (P=.003 from baseline to 6 months). In addition, there were nonsignificant reductions in substance misuse risk from baseline to the 6-month follow-up among participants in the Teen Well Check condition (P=.16).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings support the feasibility of Teen Well Check delivery within pediatric primary care clinics. A randomized clinical trial is needed to assess efficacy.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT3489434; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03489434
Road Accident and Safety Issue in Bangladesh: A Critical Review
Authors: Razzaque Naimul , Runa Sharmin Jahan , Hossain Md. Sagor
Published: November 2023

Road accidents are a major public health concern in Bangladesh, causing significant harm to individuals and society as a whole. Despite various initiatives taken by the government, the number of road accidents continues to increase, highlighting the need for a legal approach to address this issue. This study aims to analyze the current legal framework in Bangladesh with regards to road safety and identify potential areas for improvement. The study found that the current legal framework in Bangladesh contains several provisions aimed at promoting road safety, including the Bangladesh Road Transport Act, the Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation Act, and the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority Act. However, these laws lack effective enforcement mechanisms, and there is limited accountability for those who violate traffic rules. This has led to widespread flouting of traffic regulations and a high incidence of road accidents. The study recommends the introduction of stricter penalties for those who violate traffic rules, including fines and imprisonment. It also suggests the establishment of an independent road safety commission to monitor compliance with traffic rules and to ensure effective implementation of road safety measures. The commission should have the authority to investigate road accidents and to take appropriate actions against those found responsible persons. Additionally, the study recommends the introduction of mandatory training programs for all drivers and the provision of better infrastructure and technology to support road safety. This may include the installation of traffic lights and speed cameras, as well as the use of innovative technologies such as GPS-based monitoring systems. In conclusion, a legal approach is crucial in addressing the problem of road accidents in Bangladesh. By introducing stricter penalties, establishing an independent road safety commission, and investing in road safety infrastructure and technology, the government can help to reduce the number of road accidents and save lives. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these measures and to identify additional ways to promote road safety in Bangladesh.
The Formation and Analysis of the Concept of Tea Horse Ancient Road
Authors: Hongliang Yan , Ming Chen
Published: November 2023

The Tea Horse Ancient Road is an original achievement proposed by the Chinese academic community that differs from the concept of the Western Silk Road. It was initially proposed by six scholars, including Mu Jihong and Li Xu. This concept has completely different characteristics from the popular concept of the Southern Silk Road. The Tea Horse Ancient Road mainly transports tea to Tibet, rather than overseas trade. It is not a so-called branch line of the Southern Silk Road, and the main trading goods of the two commercial routes are also different. One is cake tea, and the other is Shu cloth and silk. From this, it can be seen that the formation of the Tea Horse Ancient Road is mainly due to the tea trade.
DDoS Attack Detection in SDN using ML Techniques
Authors: Reddy N. Narasimha , Reddy G. M. Vema
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The increasing prevalence of DDoS attacks poses a serious threat to modern network infrastructures. SDN has been proposed as a promising solution for enhancing network security. However, detecting and mitigating DDoS attack in software definednetwork remains a challenging task. In this research paper, suggest an innovative approach in order to identify DDoS assaults in software-defined networks using (ML) techniques. Ourmethod entails gathering and analyzing network data. Traffic data using SDN controllers. We use variety of ML techniques analyze the traffic information to discover unexpected traffic patterns that might point to the presence of a DDoS attack. Random Forest, DecisionTree, K-Means clustering are among the algorithms used. We evaluate our approach using a real-world dataset and compare it to existing DDoS detection techniques in SDN. Our results show that our approach achieves high accuracy, precision, and recall rates indetecting DDoS attacks. We also demonstrate that our technique can detect either known and unexpected DDoS assaults with low false-positive rates. Overall, our study indicates thepotency of applying machine learning methods to SDN DDoS attack detection. Our methodoffers a promising remedy for boosting network security in contemporary infrastructures.
Design and Analysis of Cube Satellite Structure
Authors: Jadhav Miss. Bhagyashri Sunil , Date Dr. Digambar Dharmraj
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Currently, with new technologies, lower and cheaper satellites have been designed and launched. similar satellites fit as educational tools to unborn masterminds. With many kilograms and reduced confines, they've simple operation, despite being complete systems able to perform real operations. During CubeSat platform development, the conception of the design process is formulated and standard physical connections are proposed to find number of optimal design result in terms of introductory limitations and features comity. Specifically, new modular structure is proposed in order to allows flexible subsystems agreement. This paper checks and estimates the eventuality of one- unit CubeSat platform
Survey based Study on Levels of Radiation Safety Awareness among Non-Radiology Staff
Authors: Raj Aman , Sultana Nazreen , Kumar Bablu , Siddharth Saurav , Dhadwal Anjali
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Background: The recent years have witnessed a notable surge in the utilization of Ionizing Radiation, primarily driven by advancements in diagnostic technology within the Radiology field. However, it's crucial to acknowledge that exposure to such radiation poses significant risks to both healthcare professionals and patients. Ionizing radiation comes with various disadvantages and potential harmful effects, the severity of which depends on the dose and duration of exposure. Recent reports have underscored the imperative need to enhance our understanding of ionizing radiation and its associated risks. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out within the Swami Vivekanand Group of Institutes. A total of 101 participants, excluding those from the Radiology and Operation Theatre departments, completed a questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple-choice questions. There were no age restrictions for participation, and the identities of the participants remained anonymous. The only eligibility criterion was that participants should not be affiliated with the Radiology and Operation Theatre departments. Each participant was provided with a self-administered questionnaire, and over a span of 45 days, their knowledge about radiation safety.
VISHODHANAM: E-Waste Handling Web Application
Authors: Damahe Manoj , Jambhulkar Mrunali , Suhagpure Prathmesh , Mamadge Manoj , Gawande Aashutosh , Sajid Prof. Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Abstract: VISHODHANAM E-waste Handling Web Application is an innovative online platform designed to handle the critical issues of electronic trash (e-waste) management. This online application provides a user-friendly interface adapted to the demands of consumers, companies, and recycling organizations, therefore expediting the e-waste disposal and recycling process. As electronic gadgets grow increasingly ingrained in our daily lives, the significance of appropriate e-waste management cannot be stressed. VISHODHANAM aspires to give a long-term solution to the rising problem of e-waste by not only simplifying the disposal process but also instilling a feeling of responsibility and understanding about the environmental effects of e-waste. VISHODHANAM is prepared to make a substantial contribution to the ongoing struggle to manage e-waste effectively. This study paper delves into the application's features, design, and possible influence on increasing environmental awareness and supporting responsible e-waste disposal and recycling.
Blockchain Based E-Voting and Electoral Fraud Detection
Authors: Shevtekar Prof. Sumit , Kalambarkar Varad
Published: November 2023

Abstract: By focusing on its applicability in the identification and mitigation of electoral fraud, this review article investigates the potential value of blockchain technology in enhancing the integrity of electronic voting (e-voting) systems. It is more important than ever to safeguard the legitimacy and security of democratic processes as e-voting becomes more popular worldwide. Blockchain offers a promising way to strengthen confidence and transparency in electronic voting because of its decentralized organization and immutable record. This review analyzes blockchain’s potential for detecting and preventing electoral fraud, explains its benefits and drawbacks, and supports its viability with relevant case studies. This work adds to the continuing conversation about robust and durable e-voting systems by combining existing studies.
Blockchain Based Decentralized Web Hosting System
Authors: Dole Aditya
Published: November 2023

Abstract: In today’s digital era, the internet heavily depends on a centralized framework where powerful servers support content on well-known platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. Although this centralization is proficient in content delivery, it comes with significant drawbacks, including a single point of failure and vulnerability to censorship. The need for a decentralized web hosting structure is growing due to its promise of content accessibility regardless of a user’s geographical location, while still maintaining the speed and reliability of conventional web services. Currently, the internet’s structure is defined by centralization, introducing risks related to cyber-attacks and service disturbances. For example, even a brief disruption to a large platform like Facebook can leave millions without internet access. Additionally, large corporations and government bodies possess significant control over the internet, enabling them to alter and censor content. To confront these problems, it becomes essential to develop a decentralized web structure that is publicly owned. This study delves into the issues arising from the centralized internet and investigates potential solutions by utilizing blockchain technology to decentralize web structure, subsequently improving traditional web services and fortifying the internet’s robustness and accessibility
Review on Comparative Study of Flutter App and Android App
Authors: Dhiman Nidhi , Choudhary Ankush , Chaudhary Satish
Published: November 2023

Abstract: In today lives, mobile application can be increasing vital. In flutter is a cross platform framework and other native mobile application is one particular operating system. The time of 2015 year mobile application development increasing day by day. and also, the time of COVID-19 mobile application was very popular there was huge competition between the mobile application that available in a market. flutter can support both iOS and Android platform application. The main focused on the paper highlight the comparison between flutter mobile application and other native android mobile application. In this we can comparison on flutter SDK and android SDK on the basic of compilation, memory consumption, CPU usage, app size, etc.
Desafios e potencialidades observados no planejamento na atenção primária à saúde: estudo descritivo
Authors: Figueiredo Inês Dolores Teles , Torres Geanne Maria Costa , Monte Simão Cicera Emanuele do , Sousa Raiza Amanda Gonçalves de , Torres Anna Clara Silva , Silva Maria Rocineide Ferreira da
Published: November 2023

A incorporação do planejamento nas ações em saúde potencializa os momentos de participação e decisão na realidade do cotidiano da atenção primária à saúde, garantindo direcionamentos, enfrentamento de desafios e alcance dos objetivos propostos. Por isso, o planejamento é necessário para proporcionar mudanças na qualidade das ações e dos serviços ofertados à população. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se analisar o planejamento na atenção primária à saúde e descrever os principais desafios encontrados e as potencialidades desse tipo de intervenção. Trata- se de estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com dez profissionais de saúde e gestores atuantes em um município da região metropolitana de Fortaleza, Brasil, entre abril e maio de 2016. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupo focal submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Dos resultados emergiram duas categorias: desafios do planejamento na atenção primária à saúde; e potencialidades do planejamento na atenção primária à saúde. Como desafios, observaram-se a reprodução de práticas de saúde inapropriadas, a inadequação do perfil profissional e uma comunicação deficitária entre os serviços primários e o nível secundário de saúde. Revelaram-se como potencialidades o processo comunicacional entre as equipes e a gestão, a resolubilidade e a multiprofissionalidade para a realização das ações e dos serviços de saúde. Conclui-se que o pensamento coletivo e a participação ativa são aspectos fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de competências que permeiam o processo de trabalho que envolve o planejamento em saúde, no alcance da efetividade das políticas de saúde.
Desafios e oportunidades na promoção e educação em saúde em comunidades indígenas: relato de experiência
Authors: Gomes Orlando Vieira , Nicacio Jandir Mendonça , Guimarães Manoel Pereira , Morená Leela , Souza Carlos Dornels Freire de , Armstrong Anderson da Costa
Published: November 2023

As populações indígenas do Brasil enfrentam desafios significativos na mudança do perfil epidemiológico. Além das doenças infectocontagiosas, o aumento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis é atribuído às mudanças no estilo de vida e aos hábitos alimentares inadequados. Em 2015, foi criado o Projeto de Aterosclerose em Indígenas para estudar o impacto da urbanização na saúde de duas comunidades indígenas do Nordeste do Brasil. Neste artigo, será relatada a experiência vivenciada por estudantes e docentes de duas universidades públicas do Vale do São Francisco em um projeto que permitiu o desenvolvimento de habilidades para abordar necessidades específicas das comunidades indígenas. Durante essa experiência, os participantes puderam compreender a complexidade e fragilidade do sistema de saúde dessas comunidades, bem como estabelecer uma relação dialógica, respeitosa e construtiva, valorizando os indígenas como protagonistas do processo.
Por meio da construção mútua de aprendizado, foi possível superar as barreiras associadas a preconceitos e estereótipos, possibilitando uma abordagem mais humanizada e efetiva para atender às necessidades dessas populações. O projeto permitiu compreender os desafios enfrentados pelas populações indígenas na transição epidemiológica e a necessidade de políticas públicas de saúde específicas. A lacuna na formação de profissionais de saúde em relação às competências para atender esses povos também foi identificada. O projeto destacou a importância de o ensino superior assumir um compromisso social com essas comunidades, garantindo uma formação mais abrangente e inclusiva para oferecer assistência qualificada e humanizada.
Atenção à saúde para travestis e transexuais no Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Lima Rafael Rodolfo Tomaz de , Noro Luiz Roberto Augusto
Published: November 2023

Na atenção à saúde brasileira, as questões relacionadas à identidade de gênero devem ser consideradas marcadores sociais e determinantes estruturais do processo saúde-doença. Todavia, pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade, como travestis e transexuais, ainda enfrentam desafios para ter o direito à saúde de forma integral, visto que suas necessidades de saúde e identitárias não são reconhecidas por completo. Diante disso, esta tese de doutorado em saúde coletiva objetiva caracterizar a atenção à saúde para pessoas travestis e transexuais no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Para tanto, optou-se pela realização de um estudo envolvendo três desenhos metodológicos: análise bibliométrica, protocolo de revisão sistemática e revisão sistemática. Os achados da análise bibliométrica de teses e dissertações brasileiras revelam que os estudos sobre a tríade travestilidade, transexualidade e saúde estão em ascensão nos últimos vinte anos, com diminuição no enfoque sobre o adoecimento de travestis e transexuais e aumento do foco nos aspectos sociais, organizacionais e políticos que interferem no acesso dessas pessoas aos serviços de saúde. Apesar da existência do programa Processo Transexualizador no SUS, os artigos incluídos na revisão sistemática evidenciam que a atenção à saúde para pessoas travestis e transexuais é composta por uma série de violações, incluindo o despreparo de profissionais da saúde para acolher e cuidar de pessoas travestis e transexuais. Dentro das suas limitações, a apresentação dos resultados da tese contribui para caracterizar a atenção à saúde para pessoas travestis e transexuais no âmbito do sistema de saúde brasileiro como excludente, fragmentada, centrada no cuidado especializado e pautada por ações curativas, assemelhando- se aos modelos de atenção que antecedem o SUS e que são fortemente criticados desde o surgimento do movimento da reforma sanitária brasileira.
Genetic Algorithm Based Optimization on Approximate Fractional Delay Differential Equations With Conformal Operator
Authors: Sultana Mariam , Arshad Uroosa
Published: November 2023

Delay Differential Equations (DDEs) are differential equations with time
delays, which are used in various life sciences disciplines like
population dynamics, epidemiology, immunology and physiology. These
models are used to analyze and predict phenomena, such as the duration
of latent processes like the life cycle, infection, and immune response.
The dynamics of a system at a given moment in time are influenced by its
previous history or memory, increasing the complexity of the system and
improving the dynamics of a differential model. Fractional models of
DDEs have been used to explore various phenomena, such as brain
networking, population dynamics, and physiology. This study investigates
the numerical approximations of the Nonlinear Fractional Pantograph
Delay Differential Equation (NFPDDE) using the Fractional Novel
Analytical Scheme (FNAS) and optimization procedures based on the
Genetic Algorithm (GA), referred as Fractional Novel Analytical Genetic
Algorithm (FNAGA). The FNAGA is used to optimize an error-based fitness
function constructed through fractional delay differential equations.
The Conformable fractional derivative T η is taken into consideration.
To implement the proposed methodology, an error analysis is conducted.
The solution behavior of NFPDDEs is also shown graphically at different
values of η. The findings of the FNAGA are contrasted with those
of the FNAS, indicating that the newly developed algorithm exhibits
rapid convergence, produces precise solutions, and demonstrates enhanced
accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving the
synchronization objective is demonstrated through simulations and can be
easily applied to various fractional models.
Ready to rebuild: Modeling proliferation and remodeling stages of the wound healing process
Authors: Patrick Amanda , Chen-Charpentier Benito
Published: November 2023

A wound is an injury of the living tissue in the body and its integrity
is compromised. The wound repair process consists of four overlapping
stages: homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. In
this paper we propose a model for the formation of the provisional
matrix in the proliferation and maturation stages. This model assumes
that the cells and other factors are uniformly distributed and is based
on a system of six ordinary differential equations. The real processes
are very complex but the presented model includes the main assumptions
and uses the parameter values found in the medical literature.
Experimental values of the parameters are hard to obtain so a global
sensitivity analysis is performed to determine which parameters cause
the largest variations in the solutions. Numerical simulations are
performed but since the reported data has large variations a system of
stochastic differential equations is also introduced and solved
numerically. The models can help test hypotheses about how the different
species interact, and their relative importance.
Abundant resources compensate for the uneven distribution of ungulates in desert regions driven by complex landforms and water sources
Authors: XIAOWEI GOU , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Tsubo Mitsuru , Peng Fei , Cheng Yunxiang
Published: November 2023

Strategically managing livestock grazing in arid regions optimizes land
use and curtails the damage caused by overcultivation. Controlled
grazing preserves soil quality and fosters sustainability despite
resource limitations. Uneven resource distribution can lead to diverse
grazing patterns and land degradation, particularly in undulating
terrains. In this study of a complex desert landscape encompassing dunes
and interdunes, we developed a herbivore foraging algorithm based on a
Resource Selection Function model. Our findings reveal that cattle
prefer areas with abundant vegetation and proximity to water sources
while avoiding higher elevations. However, abundant resource
availability mitigated these impacts and enhanced the role of water
points, particularly during late grazing periods. In summary,
resource-driven decisions influence livestock grazing patterns,
indicating that effective management should prioritize resource-based
strategies such as enhancing food resources near water points as
vegetation declines. Further, thoughtful water source placement and the
subdivision of pastures into areas with varied terrain are crucial
considerations.
Musculoskeletal Misdiagnoses in Pediatric Patients with Spinal Tumors
Authors: Dybedokken Aurora , Mathiasen René , Hasle Henrik , Herlin Troels , Callesen Michael Thude , Hansen Søren Holm , Jensen Laura Hallundbæk , Amstrup Jesper , Hagstroem Søren , Brix Ninna
Published: November 2023

Objective: Childhood spinal tumors often present with
musculoskeletal symptoms, potentially causing a misdiagnosis and delays
in diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to identify, characterize,
and compare children with spinal tumors who had prior musculoskeletal
misdiagnoses to those without, analyzing clinical presentation,
diagnostic interval, and outcome. Study design: This
retrospective cohort study evaluated all children aged 0-14 years
diagnosed with a spinal tumor in Denmark from 1996 to 2018. The cohort
was identified through the Danish Childhood Cancer Registry, and the
registry data were supplemented with data from medical records. The
survival was compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results:
Among 58 patients, 57% (33/58) recieved musculoskeletal misdiagnoses
before the spinal tumor diagnosis. Misdiagnoses were mostly non-specific
(64%, 21/33), involving pain and accidental lesions, while 36% (12/33)
were rheumatic diagnoses. The patients with prior misdiagnosis had less
aggressive tumors, fewer neurological/general symptoms, and 5.5 months
median diagnostic interval versus 3 months for those without a
misdiagnosis. Those with prior misdiagnoses tended to have a higher
5-year survival of 83% (95% CI 63-92%) compared to 66% (95% CI
44-82%) for those without (p=0.15) Conclusion: Less aggressive
spinal tumors may manifest as gradual skeletal abnormalities and
musculoskeletal symptoms without neurological/general symptoms, leading
to misdiagnoses and delays.
Hatching plasticity is associated with a more advanced stage at hatching in an Ambystoma with terrestrial eggs
Authors: Treadaway Kimberly , Hale Rebecca
Published: November 2023

Hatching plasticity allows fish and amphibians to initiate hatching in
response to environmental cues including predation, flooding, and
hypoxia. In species with terrestrial eggs, hatching plasticity often
manifests as extended development of embryos when water is not
available. Although these effects are taxonomically widespread, little
attention has focused on differences in plasticity across closely
related species with terrestrial and aquatic embryos. We propose that
terrestrial embryonic environment that favors slower and extended
development that, together, result in a more advanced stage at hatching
than an aquatic embryonic environment. We test this hypothesis by
comparing embryonic development between two fall-breeding mole
salamanders, Ambystoma opacum and A. annulatum. Most Ambystoma lay eggs
submerged in ponds but A. opacum lays its eggs on land, where hatching
is triggered when eggs are submerged by rising pond levels. We compared
embryonic development of A. opacum with A. annulatum, which lays eggs in
water, in a common laboratory environment. Embryos of both species were
reared in environments simulating either aquatic or terrestrial nests
sites. We found that the A. opacum embryos exhibited slower development
and took longer to hatch than A. annulatum embryos. We also found that
A. opacum hatched at a more advanced stage, but only when reared in an
environment that mimicked a terrestrial nest. This plasticity was absent
in A. annulatum. Our results suggest that the terrestrial-laying A.
opacum has evolved a developmental plasticity that allows its embryos to
extend development when in terrestrial nests, while retaining the
ability to hatch at a stage more typical of congeners when submerged in
water.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE IN CORRUGATED CONVERGING PIPE
Authors: Fadodun Olatomide G. , Olatinwo Adenike , Amosun Adebimpe A. , Adeyanju Adefope , Micheal T. Ojo
Published: November 2023

This study examines turbulent convective heat transfer performance
(CHTP) and entropy production rate (EPR) of distilled water flowing in
outwardly corrugated converging pipes (CCPs) of various diameter ratios
(DR). The SST k - ω turbulence models were used to simulate the flow of
H O inside the pipe. The effects of Reynolds number ( 5
. 0 × 10 3 ≤ Re  ≤ 5 . 0 × 10 4 ), and DR ( 1 ≤ DR  ≤ 2 ) on average
Nusselt number ( Nu ), Poiseuille number (fRe) thermal performance
evaluation criterion (PEC), EPR, and thermal effectiveness number ( I )
Nu were investigated parametrically. The findings revealed a significant
improvement in Nu in the modified pipe compared with the straight pipe.
This improvement is attributed to flow acceleration and increases in the
mixing rate of hot fluid near the wall with cold fluid at the core fluid
zone. Also, Nu , fRe , and EPR increase with increasing Re and DR.
However, the opposite is the case for PEC and   I . Finally, the values
of PEC, and I revealed that the modified pipe is advantageous compared
with a straight pipe at ( 5 × 10 3 ≤ Re ≤ 1 . 0 × 10 4 ) .
A renewed glance at the Palearctic golden eagle: genetic variation in space and time
Authors: Karabanina Ekaterina , Lansink Gerhardus , Ponnikas Suvi , Kvist Laura
Published: November 2023

Anthropogenic pressures on nature have been causing population declines
for centuries. Intensified persecution of apex predators, like the
golden eagle, resulted in population bottlenecks during the
19-20 centuries. To study
population genetics and demographic history of the golden eagle
throughout its distribution, we collected museum samples from previously
underrepresented regions, such as Russia and Central Asia. We used 12
microsatellite loci and a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control
region to re-evaluate phylogeography of Eurasian golden eagles and study
the impacts of the population bottleneck. Our results revealed a
north-south genetic gradient, expressed by the difference of
Mediterranean and Holarctic lineages, as well as genetically distinct
Northern Europe and Central Asia and Caucasus regions. Furthermore,
Northern Europe exhibited the lowest, whereas Central Asia and Caucasus
had the highest genetic diversity. Although golden eagles maintained
relatively high genetic diversity, we detected genetic signatures of the
recent bottleneck, including reduced genetic diversity and a decline in
the effective female population size around the year 1975. Our study
improves the knowledge of the genetic composition of Eurasian golden
eagles and highlights the importance of understanding their historical
population dynamics in the face of ongoing and future conservation
efforts.
The Effect of Land Use Change Imposed on Carbon storage and Multi-Scenario Prediction in Hainan Island Using InVEST and CA-Markov Models
Authors: Lei Jinrui , Zhang Le , Chen Zongzhu , Wu Tingtian , Chen Xiaohua , Li Yuanling
Published: November 2023

As a fundamental element of global carbon storage, the storage carbon in
terrestrial ecosystem is significant for climate change mitigation. Land
use/cover change (LUCC) is a main impact element of ecosystems’ carbon
storage. Evaluating the relation between land use change and carbon
storage is vital for lowering global carbon emissions. Taking Hainan
Island as an example, this paper employs the InVEST as well as the
CA-Markov models to assess and predict how different land use affects
carbon storage in various situations from 2000 to 2020 and from 2030 to
2050 on Hainan Island. The influence factors, together with driving
mechanisms of carbon storage spatial distribution are quantitatively
analyzed as well in this paper. The results demonstrate that, from 2000
to 2020, Hainan Island’s net increase in built land was 605.49 km2,
representing a growth rate of 77.05%. Over the last 20 years, Hainan
Island’s carbon storage and density have decreased by 5.90 Tg and 1.75
Mg/hm2, respectively. The sharp rise in built land mainly makes the
carbon storage decline. From 2030 to 2050, land use changes on Hainan
Island are expected to result in differing degrees of carbon storage
loss in various scenarios. In 2050, Hainan Island’s carbon storage will
decline by 17.36 Tg in the Natural Development Scenario (NDS), 13.61 Tg
in the Farmland Protection Scenario (FPS), and 8.06 Tg in the Ecological
Protection Scenario (EPS) compared to 2020. The EPS can efficiently
maintain carbon sequestration capability, but it cannot effectively
prevent cropland area loss. Regarding the carbon storage’s spatial
distribution, Hainan Island generally exhibits a pattern of high carbon
storages in the low and middle carbon storages in the surrounding areas.
Geographic detection presented the spatial differentiation of carbon
storage in Hainan Island is mainly influenced by factors like slope,
land use intensity, and DEM, as well as its interaction with other
factors is significantly strengthened (p<0.05)
Warming and nitrogen addition alter flowering phenology and plant community composition in a desert steppe
Authors: Bai Lu , Han Guodong , Crowther Thomas , Zohner Constantin , Yu Kailiang , Xu Zhuwen , Wang Zhongwu , Wu Qian , Zhu Yi , Tang Jinglei , Ren Haiyan
Published: November 2023

The strong control of temperature on the timing of plant phenology is
expected to cause substantial shifts in flowering times under climate
change. Yet, the sensitivity of flowering phenology in dryland regions
to climate change, and the potential implications for community
composition, remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the effects
of climate warming and nitrogen addition on flowering phenology of four
C3 plants and two C4 plants and explore cascading effects on shifts in
C3 vs C4 plant dominance in a 17-year field experiment in a desert
steppe. Across the last 10 years of the experiment (2013–2022), we
found that warming had a greater effect on phenological shifts in C3
than in C4 plants. Warming significantly advanced the flowering time of
C3 plants by 4.3 ± 0.1 days and of C4 plants by 2.8 ± 0.1 days. Warming
also reduced the duration of flowering by 1.8 ± 0.1 days and decreased
the dominance of C3 plants compared to C4 plants (P＜0.05). Nitrogen
addition extended the duration of flowering of C4 plants by 3.4 ± 0.2
days and increased their relative dominance, while having no effect on
C3 plants. Structural equation models highlighted that these
phenological responses were influenced by soil temperature and soil
water availability. Our results show the divergent phenological
responses between C3 and C4 plants under global changes, predicting
shifts in dominance between these plant types in temperate dryland
ecosystems.