bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anterior Optic Nerve Head Perfusion is Dependent on Adjacent Parapapillary Choroidal perfusion
Authors: Lee Kyoung Min , Kim Joon Mo , Lee Eun Ji , Kim Tae-Woo
Published: July 2019

Recent studies reported that parapapillary microvascular dropout (MvD) was significantly associated with glaucoma and glaucoma progression. To understand the clinical relevance/importance of MvD, it is essential to know the exact vascular anatomy of optic nerve head (ONH). Although it is known that parapapillary choroid and the deep ONH structure including prelaminar tissue are both supplied by branches of short posterior ciliary artery, it remains controversial whether parapapillary choroid provides a major contribution to the prelaminar tissue perfusion. This study investigated perfusion within and around the ONH using indocyanine green angiography. Thirty-three eyes from 33 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 10 eyes from 10 normal subjects were included. The temporal sequence of dye appearance in various tissues was analyzed. We also sought the microvessels directly responsible for blood supply to the prelaminar tissue. The perfusion of the prelaminar tissue, which occurred in a sectoral fashion, was dependent on the dye appearance in the adjacent parapapillary choroid. In addition, microvessels crossing over the optic disc margin from the parapapillary choroid to the ONH were found. The findings suggest that the centripetal flow from the parapapillary choroid is an important source of prelaminar tissue perfusion.
Investigation of Strain Effects on Photoelectrochemical Performance of Flexible ZnO Electrodes
Authors: Abdullayeva Nazrin , Altaf Cigdem Tuc , Mintas Merve , Ozer Ahmet , Sankir Mehmet , Kurt Hamza , Sankir Nurdan Demirci
Published: July 2019

In this report, the growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals with various morphologies, nanoflower, nanosheet, and nanorod, on flexible stainless steel (SS) foils to be utilized as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cells has been presented. It has been aimed to provide flexibility and adaptability for the next generation systems with the incorporation of SS foils as electrode into PEC cells. Therefore, physical deformation tests have been applied to the prepared ZnO thin film photoanodes. These thin films have been thoroughly characterized before and after straining for better understanding the relationship between the morphology, straining effect and photoelectrochemical efficiency. We observed a notable increase in the maximum incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) and durability of all ZnO photoelectrodes after straining process. The increase in IPCE values by 1.5 and 2.5 folds at 370 nm has been observed for nanoflower and nanorod morphologies, respectively after being strained. The maximum IPCE of 69% has been calculated for the ZnO nanorod structures after straining. Bending of the SS electrodes resulted in the more oriented nanorod arrays compared to its flat counterpart, which improved both the light absorption and also the photo-conversion efficiency drastically. The finite-difference time-domain simulations have also been carried out to examine the optical properties of flat and bent ZnO electrodes. Finally, it has been concluded that SS photoanodes bearing ZnO semiconducting material with nanoflower and nanorod morphologies are very promising candidates for the solar hydrogen generator systems in terms of efficiency, durability, flexibility, and lightness in weight.
Synchrony of nitrogen supply and crop demand are driven via high maize density in maize/pea strip intercropping
Authors: Fan Zhilong , Zhao Yanhua , Chai Qiang , Zhao Cai , Yu Aizhong , Coulter Jeffrey A. , Gan Yantai , Cao Weidong
Published: July 2019

Cereal density may influence the balance between nitrogen (N) supply and crop N demand in cereal/legume intercrop systems. The effect of maize (Zea mays L.) plant density on N utilization and N fertilizer supply in maize/pea (Pisum sativum L.) strip intercropping was evaluated in a field study with sole maize, sole pea, and intercropped maize/pea with three maize densities (D1, 45,000 plants ha−1; D2, 52,500 plants ha−1; D3, 60,000 plants ha−1) and two N treatments (N0, 0 kg N ha−1; N1, 450 kg N ha−1 for maize and 225 kg N ha−1 for pea). Soil mineral N in intercropped strips decreased with increased maize density. Increased maize density decreased N accumulation for intercropped pea but increased it for maize and the sum of both intercrops. The land equivalent ratio for grain yield (LER grain) showed a 24–30% advantage for intercrops than corresponding sole crops, and was greater with D3 than D1 and D2. Maize/pea intercropping had 4–113% greater nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than sole maize, which was enhanced with increased maize density. Increasing maize density improved the synchrony of N supply and crop demand in maize/pea strip intercropping.
Capturing sleep–wake cycles by using day-to-day smartphone touchscreen interactions
Authors: Borger Jay N. , Huber Reto , Ghosh Arko
Published: July 2019

Body movements drop with sleep, and this behavioural signature is widely exploited to infer sleep duration. However, a reduction in body movements may also occur in periods of intense cognitive activity, and the ubiquitous use of smartphones may capture these wakeful periods otherwise hidden in the standard measures of sleep. Here, we continuously captured the gross body movements using standard wrist-worn accelerometers to quantify sleep (actigraphy) and logged the timing of the day-to-day touchscreen events (‘tappigraphy’). Using these measures, we addressed how the gross body movements overlap with the cognitively engaging digital behaviour (from n = 79 individuals, accumulating ~1400 nights). We find that smartphone use was distributed across a broad spectrum of physical activity levels, but consistently peaked at rest. We estimated the putative sleep onset and wake-up times from the actigraphy data to find that these times were well correlated to the estimates from tappigraphy (R2 = 0.9 for sleep-onset time and wake-up time). However, actigraphy overestimated sleep as virtually all of the users used their phones during the putative sleep period. Interestingly, the probability of touches remained greater than zero for ~2 h after the putative sleep onset, and ~2 h before the putative wake-up time. Our findings suggest that touchscreen interactions are widely integrated into modern sleeping habits—surrounding both sleep onset and waking-up periods—yielding a new approach to measuring sleep. Smartphone interactions can be leveraged to update the behavioural signatures of sleep with these peculiarities of modern digital behaviour.
A highly efficient fluorescent probe based on tetrahydroxanthylium–coumarin for the detection of bisulfite in mitochondria
Authors: Wu Meng-Xiang , Wei Xue-Rui , Wei Yu-Fang , Sun Ru , Xu Yu-Jie , Ge Jian-Feng
Published: July 2019

A fluorescent probe based on tetrahydroxanthylium–coumarin was designed and synthesized for the detection of bisulfite in an aqueous solution and mitochondria.
MIP-coated Eu(BTC) for the fluorometric determination of lincomycin in eggs
Authors: Wu Pu , Du Qiuzheng , Sun Yiyang , Li Zhonghong , He Hua
Published: July 2019

This study provides a new perspective for the determination of weak ultraviolet absorption or non-fluorescent substances.
A versatile polyion complex can intelligently respond to a tumor microenvironment to eliminate tumor stem cells for enhanced lung cancer targeted therapy
Authors: Zhang Jiulong , Zhao Xiufeng , Yang Chunrong , Huang Ziyuan , Shi Menghao , Pan Shuang , Hu Haiyang , Qiao Mingxi , Chen Dawei , Zhao Xiuli
Published: July 2019

A versatile polyion complex was fabricated which could response to tumor microenvironment and possess remarkable tumor penetrating capability with elevated antitumor activity for LCSCs elimination in vivo.
A computational survey of semiconductors for power electronics
Authors: Gorai Prashun , McKinney Robert W. , Haegel Nancy M. , Zakutayev Andriy , Stevanovic Vladan
Published: July 2019

A broad computational search to identify novel materials for future power electronics, beyond Si, SiC, GaN, and Ga2O3.
One-step synthesis of cross-linked and hollow microporous organic–inorganic hybrid nanoreactors for selective redox reactions
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Jing , Wang Daquan , Yang Zhiwei , Yan Kai , Meng Lingjie
Published: July 2019

Fabrication of yolk–shell Pt@PZS HMNs and their application for nanoreactors. Pt@PZS HMNs exhibit excellent catalytic selectivity towards the substrates of TMB and ABTS by filtration of the highly cross-linked PZS outer shells.
Experimental determination of single molecule toroic behaviour in a Dy8 single molecule magnet
Authors: Zhang Qing , Baker Michael L. , Li Shiqi , Sarachik Myriam P. , Baldoví José J. , Gaita-Ariño Alejandro , Coronado Eugenio , Alexandropoulos Dimitris I. , Stamatatos Theocharis C.
Published: July 2019

Multi-orientation single-crystal magnetisation measurements unpick the spin structure of Dy8, identifying a canted antiferrotoroidic tetramer ground-state with slow magnetic relaxation.
Carbon fragments as highly active metal-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: a mechanistic study
Authors: Mao Keke , Zhang Wei , Dai Jun , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: July 2019

Carbon fullerene fragments with low group-symmetry are highly active catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Regioselective C–C cross-coupling of 1,2,4-thiadiazoles with maleimides through iridium-catalyzed C–H activation
Authors: Tian Ting , Dong An-Shun , Chen Dan , Cao Xian-Ting , Wang Guannan
Published: July 2019

A regioselective C–C cross-coupling of 1,2,4-thiadiazoles with maleimides through iridium catalysis was developed.
Ab initio RAFT emulsion polymerization mediated by small cationic RAFT agents to form polymers with low molar mass dispersity
Authors: Stace Sarah J. , Vanderspikken Jochen , Howard Shaun C. , Li Guoxin , Muir Benjamin W. , Fellows Christopher M. , Keddie Daniel J. , Moad Graeme
Published: July 2019

We report on low molar mass cationic RAFT agents that provide predictable molar mass and low molar mass dispersities (Đm) in ab initio emulsion polymerization.
Cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in a nitrogen and oxygen dual-doped carbon matrix as high-performance microwave absorbers
Authors: Zeng Sifan , Wang Mengyu , Feng Wanlin , Zhu Lini , Teng Zhen , Zhang Haibin , Peng Shuming
Published: July 2019

Co@NOC composites showed impressive microwave absorption properties owing to multiple dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms.
Three-dimensional hollow reduced graphene oxide spheres with a hierarchically porous structure for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Mengxia , Dai Ying , Pei Xinmei , Chen Wen
Published: July 2019

A three-dimensional HrGO with a hierarchically porous structure was successfully synthesized as a sulfur-hosting material with high sulfur loading for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries.
Performance enhancement in up-conversion nanoparticle-embedded perovskite solar cells by harvesting near-infrared sunlight
Authors: Ma Dongyu , Shen Yingli , Su Tongtong , Zhao Juan , Rahman Naveed Ur , Xie Zongliang , Shi Feng , Zheng Shizhao , Zhang Yi , Chi Zhenguo
Published: July 2019

NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ up-conversion nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into perovskite solar cells for performance enhancement by harvesting near-infrared sunlight.
Annealing effect on UV-illuminated recovery in gas response of graphene-based NO2 sensors
Authors: Yang Chia-Ming , Chen Tsung-Cheng , Yang Yu-Cheng , Meyyappan M.
Published: July 2019

The response and recovery of a graphene-based sensor for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensing is improved by a combination of two treatments including rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of graphene and UV illumination during the pump down period.
The aqueous extract ofOlea europaealeaves protects from haematotoxicity and kidney damage induced by diclofenac in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Soussi Raouya , Hfaiedh Najla , Sakly Mohsen , Ben Rhouma Khémais
Published: July 2019

Olea europaealeaves are one of the most widely used by-products in traditional medicine due to their biological properties.
Preparation and characterization of PEG/surface-modified layered double hydroxides as a new shape-stabilized phase change material
Authors: Zhu Suhong , Ji Tao , Yang Bin , Yang Zhengxian
Published: July 2019

A new shape-stabilized phase change material based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) and surface-modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was prepared. Its potential benefits for thermal management of building and pavement materials is highly expected.
The preparation of liquefied bio-stalk carbon nanofibers and their application in supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Xia , Liu Chao , Shi Gaofeng , Wang Guoying , Wang Zhao , Jia Shiming , Dong Yucan , Mishra Puranjan , Tian Haoqi , Liu Yanrong
Published: July 2019

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been widely used in electrochemical energy storage devices because of their excellent conductivity, extremely large surface area and structural stability.
DNA-binding, antioxidant, H2O2 sensing and photocatalytic properties of biogenic silver nanoparticles using Ageratum conyzoides L. leaf extract
Authors: Chandraker Sandip Kumar , Lal Mishri , Shukla Ravindra
Published: July 2019

Green nanotechnology is gaining widespread interest owing to the elimination of harmful reagents and offers a cost-effective synthesis of expected products.
Chemical and genetic discrimination of commercial Guangchenpi (Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’) by using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolomics and DNA barcoding approaches
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yating , Su He , Qiu Xiaohui , Gong Lu , Huang Juan , Bai Junqi , Huang Zhihai , Xu Wen
Published: July 2019

An integrated method, combining DNA barcoding with LC-MS metabolomics analysis, is a powerful and reliable way for differentiating Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ (GCP) from other Citrus cultivars.
Preparation of magnetic ion imprinted polymer with waste beer yeast as functional monomer for Cd(ii) adsorption and detection
Authors: Xie Chunsheng , Wei Shoulian , Chen Dan , Lan Wenying , Yan Zijun , Wang Zhenxing
Published: July 2019

In this work, a magnetic ion imprinted polymer (MIIP) with specific recognition capability toward cadmium was prepared by a sol–gel method using waste beer yeast, which is a macromolecule biomass, as a functional monomer.
A novel water-soluble naked-eye probe with a large Stokes shift for selective optical sensing of Hg2+ and its application in water samples and living cells
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Zhang Chao , Wu Yingnan , Zhao Bing , Wang Liyan , Song Bo
Published: July 2019

A water-soluble and colorimetric fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift (139 nm) for rapidly detecting Hg2+, namely Hcy-mP, was synthesized by using an indole derivative and 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde as starting materials.
A bio-inspired strategy for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the cell extract of cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. EA03: from biological function to toxicity evaluation
Authors: Ebadi Mojgan , Zolfaghari Mohammad Reza , Aghaei Seyyed Soheil , Zargar Mohsen , Shafiei Morvarid , Zahiri Hossein Shahbani , Noghabi Kambiz Akbari
Published: July 2019

Cyanobacteria, as one of the largest groups of phototrophic bacteria, have a high potential as an excellent source of fine chemicals and bioactive compounds, including lipid-like compounds, amino acid derivatives, proteins, and pigments.
Introducing hydrophilic ultra-thin ZIF-L into mixed matrix membranes for CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Zhu Weifang , Li Xueqin , Sun Yanyong , Guo Ruili , Ding Siyuan
Published: July 2019

Schematic diagram of CO2 transfer in Pebax/hZIF-L mixed matrix membranes.
Keggin-structure heteropolyacid supported on alumina to be used in trans/esterification of high-acid feedstocks
Authors: da Conceição Leyvison Rafael V. , Reis Cristiano E. R. , de Lima Rosemar , Cortez Daniela V. , de Castro Heizir F.
Published: July 2019

Heteropolyacids (HPA) with Keggin structures, such as H3PMo12O40 (H3PMo), have been described as efficient catalysts in trans/esterifications of high-acid feedstocks due to their tolerance to water and free fatty acids contents.
Significantly improved dielectric properties of multiwall carbon nanotube-BaTiO3/PVDF polymer composites by tuning the particle size of the ceramic filler
Authors: Silakaew Kanyapak , Thongbai Prasit
Published: July 2019

The effects of different BaTiO3 sizes (≈100 nm (nBT) and 0.5–1.0 μm (μBT)) on the dielectric and electrical properties of multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT)-BT/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites are investigated.
Effects of linker and liposome anchoring on lactose-functionalized glycomacromolecules as multivalent ligands for binding galectin-3
Authors: Freichel Tanja , Laaf Dominic , Hoffmann Miriam , Konietzny Patrick B. , Heine Viktoria , Wawrzinek Robert , Rademacher Christoph , Snyder Nicole L. , Elling Lothar , Hartmann Laura
Published: July 2019

We combine multivalent presentation of glycan ligands on sequence-defined oligo(amidoamines) and liposomes to achieve high avidity ligands targeting galectin-3.
Reversal of reaction type selectivity by Lewis acid coordination: the ortho photocycloaddition of 1- and 2-naphthaldehyde
Authors: Stegbauer Simone , Jeremias Noah , Jandl Christian , Bach Thorsten
Published: July 2019

Lewis acids, such as AlBr3, completely alter the photochemical behaviour of naphthaldehydes. Instead of typical carbonyl photochemistry, the aldehydes undergo cycloaddition reactions at the arene core upon visible-light irradiation.
A porous hybrid material based on calixarene dye and TiO2 demonstrating high and stable photocatalytic performance
Authors: Chen Yi-Fan , Huang Jian-Feng , Shen Min-Hui , Liu Jun-Min , Huang Li-Bo , Zhong Yu-Hui , Qin Su , Guo Jing , Su Cheng-Yong
Published: July 2019

A facile strategy to prepare a robust porous hybrid material (HO-TPA-TiO2) is presented by combining TiO2 with calixarene dye, HO-TPA, through a simple sol–gel method, offering efficient and persistent dual-function photocatalytic activities.
Strain and electric field modulated electronic structure of two-dimensional SiP(SiAs)/GeS van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Zhu Yingmei , Wang Xiaocha , Mi Wenbo
Published: July 2019

Type-II alignment appears in the SiP(SiAs)/GeS heterostructures, which can be tuned by strain and an electric field.
The GIST pipeline: A multi-purpose tool for the analysis and visualisation of (integral-field) spectroscopic data
Authors: Bittner A. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Nedelchev B. , Dorta A. , Gadotti D. A. , Sarzi M. , Molaeinezhad A. , Iodice E. , Rosado-Belza D. , de Lorenzo-Cáceres A. , Fragkoudi F. , Galán-de Anta P. M. , Husemann B. , Méndez-Abreu J. , Neumann J. , Pinna F. , Querejeta M. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Seidel M. K.
Published: July 2019

We present a convenient, all-in-one framework for the scientific analysis of fully reduced, (integral-field) spectroscopic data. The Galaxy IFU Spectroscopy Tool (GIST) is entirely written in Python 3 and conducts all the steps from the preparation of input data to the scientific analysis and to the production of publication-quality plots. In its basic set-up, it extracts stellar kinematics, performs an emission-line analysis, and derives stellar population properties from full spectral fitting and via the measurement of absorption line-strength indices by exploiting the well-known pPXF and GandALF routines, where the latter has now been implemented in Python. The pipeline is not specific to any instrument or analysis technique and provides easy means of modification and further development, thanks to its modular code architecture. An elaborate, Python-native parallelisation is implemented and tested on various machines. The software further features a dedicated visualisation routine with a sophisticated graphical user interface. This allows an easy, fully interactive plotting of all measurements, spectra, fits, and residuals, as well as star formation histories and the weight distribution of the models. The pipeline has been successfully applied to both low- and high-redshift data from MUSE, PPAK (CALIFA), and SINFONI, and to simulated data for HARMONI and WEAVE and is currently being used by the TIMER, Fornax3D, and PHANGS collaborations. We demonstrate its capabilities by applying it to MUSE TIMER observations of NGC 1433.
Ross 128 – GL 447
Authors: Ibañez Bustos R. V. , Buccino A. P. , Flores M. , Mauas P. J. D.
Published: July 2019

Context. Long-term chromospheric activity in slow-rotating fully convective stars has scarcely been explored. Ross 128 (Gl 447) is a slow-rotator and inactive dM4 star that has been extensively observed. It hosts the fourth closest extrasolar planet.

Aims. Ross 128 is an ideal target to test dynamo theories in slow-rotating low-mass stars.

Methods. To characterize the magnetic activity of Ross 128, we studied the SK-indexes derived from CASLEO, HARPS, FEROS, UVES, and X-shooter spectra. Using the generalized Lomb-Scargle and CLEAN periodograms, we analyzed the whole SK time-series obtained between 2004 and 2018. We performed a similar analysis for the Na I-index, and we analyzed its relation with the SK-index.

Results. From both indexes, we obtain a possible activity cycle with a period of about five years, which is one of a small handful of activity cycles that have been reported for a slow-rotating fully convective star.
Analysis of a geometric catastrophe model with discrete-time batch renewal arrival process
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Barbhuiya Farida P. , Gupta Umesh C.
Published: July 2019

Discrete-time stochastic models have been extensively studied since the past few decades due to its huge application in areas of computer-communication networks and telecommunication systems. However, the growing use of the internet often makes these systems vulnerable to catastrophe/ virus attack leading to the removal of some or all the elements from the system. Taking note of this, we consider a discrete-time model where the population (in the form of packets, data, etc.) is assumed to grow in batches according to renewal process and is likely to be affected by catastrophes which occur according to Bernoulli process. The catastrophes have a sequential impact on the population and it destroys each individual at a time with probabilityp. This destruction process stops as soon as an individual survives or when the entire population becomes extinct. We analyze both late and early arrival systems independently and using supplementary variable and shift operator methods obtain explicit expressions of steady-state population size distribution at pre-arrival and arbitrary epochs. We deduce some important performance measures and further show that for both the systems the tail probabilities at pre-arrival epoch can be well approximated using a single root of the characteristic equation. In order to illustrate the computational procedure, we present some numerical results and also investigate the change in the behavior of the model with the change in parameter values.
Synergistic effect of electron cyclotron current drive and poloidal shear flow on the tearing mode
Authors: Sun Guanglan , Gan Yanbiao , Dong Chunying , Shi Qingfan
Published: July 2019

The separate and synergistic effects of both the electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) and poloidal shear flow on the tearing mode are investigated numerically by using two-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamics equations in slab geometry. For the misaligned ECCD, effects of radial and poloidal misalignments have been compared emphatically. It is found that the suppression effect of ECCD is weakened with the increase of malposed ratio and it is more sensitive to the radial misalignment. The stability effect of shear flow is not positively related to the flow shear; the effects of starting moment of ECCD and shear flow are similar but not identical. The synergistic stability effect of ECCD and shear flow is more effective than ECCD or shear flow acts alone on the tearing mode without considering the “flip” instability. Furthermore, the combinatorial stability effect is more obvious when ECCD has a radial misalignment as a result of the continuous poloidal shift of magnetic island.
Selectorless resistive switching memory: Non-uniform dielectric architecture and seasoning effect for low power array applications
Authors: Chen Ying-Chen , Huang Hui-Chun , Lin Chih-Yang , Hu Szu-Tung , Lin Chao-Cheng , Lee Jack C.
Published: July 2019

In this work, the nonlinear (NL) characteristics of bi-layer high-k/low-k dielectrics structure, i.e. high-k layer with the low-k layer, are for selectorless oxide-based resistive random-access memories (RRAM) memory array application. It has been shown that such structure enhances the read currents at full read voltage (∼10-3 A) as compared to the bi-layer low-k/low-k structure (∼10-4 A), reduces low-voltage current, increases I-V nonlinearity and thereby suppresses the sneak path currents in the selectorless RRAM. Improved seasoning effect has also been demonstrated using the bilayer dielectric structure. The Fowler-Nordheim tunneling behavior has been found in the first RESET process (-0.45 to -1.25 V) as followed by the high self-rectifying characteristics that enlarge the immunity to the sneak path current and reduce the read errors in the array applications. The breakdown controllability of the forming process dominates the followed seasoning cycles which leads to two different performances in bilayer stacks i.e. efficient seasoning and inefficient seasoning, which provides an intrinsic design of selectorless RRAM devices. The device characteristics with current transport mechanisms have also been investigated. Our results provide additional insights into ways to achieve high performance and excellent reliability of built-in nonlinearity in selectorless RRAM (NL > 120, memory window > 100, sub-μs switching speed, and NL retention) for the future low-power RRAM memory array configurations.
The dual-frequency zero-backward scattering realized in a hybrid metallo-dielectric nanoantenna
Authors: Xu Chaowei , Cheng Kaiyang , Li Quan , Shang Xiaobing , Wu Chao , Wei Zeyong , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Hongqiang
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we propose a hybrid metallo-dielectric core-shell nanorod for the Kerker-type effect at two different frequencies. The effect arises from the interference of the scattering waves of the nanorod, which are generated by the magnetic dipole moment (MD) of the high-index hollow particle and the electric dipole moment (ED) induced in both metallic and dielectric particles. Interestingly, we find that such kind of unidirectional radiation properties, (i.e., zero back scattering occurring at dual frequencies) can be sustained with a single nanorod, which usually being equivalent to a local electric dipole source. The effect of substrate is also considered to investigate the typical experimental realization for the dual-frequency unidirectionalities of the nanoantenna. Furthermore, the unidirectionality can be further improved by the design of one-dimensional array of the hybrid nanoantenna. Our results could provide an additional degree of freedom for light scattering manipulation, and widen the versatile applications in nanoantennas, optical sensor, light emitters, as well as photovoltaic devices.
Investigation of dynamic fragmentation of laser shock-loaded tin at different phases with the integrated diagnostic techniques
Authors: Xi Tao , Chu Genbai , Zhu Bin , Shui Min , Zhao Yongqiang , Fan Wei , Gu Yuqiu , Xin Jianting , He Weihua
Published: July 2019

We investigated the dynamic fragmentation of laser shock-loaded tin to gain insights on the underlying mechanism of this process. In the experiments, tin samples were shock-loaded by nanosecond laser over sequential pressures ranging from 7 GPa to 43 GPa. Integrated diagnostic techniques, including four-frame optical transverse shadowgraph imaging system, soft recovery, and photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV), were employed. They provide the shape of the ejecta in the dynamic fragmentation process, the recovered ejecta, as well as the loading parameters. These experimental results were compared with those obtained using one-dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamics simulation. The crossed results over sequential pressures allowed us to gain better insights on the different dynamic fragmentation processes of spall fracture and micro-spalling, which can help develop reliable models for dynamic fragmentation of triangular-wave shocking metals.
Characteristics of unintentionally doped and lightly Si-doped GaN prepared via pulsed sputtering
Authors: Ueno Kohei , Kobayashi Atsushi , Fujioka Hiroshi
Published: July 2019

We have grown structurally high-quality GaN with a low residual shallow donor concentration (<5 × 1015 cm−3) through pulsed sputtering. Light Si doping to this film with a Si concentration of 2 × 1016 cm−3 leads to the formation of an n-type film with room temperature electron mobility of 1240 cm2V−1s−1, which is comparable to that of the best values for n-type GaN as obtained via conventional growth techniques. At lower temperatures, electron mobility increased, and it reached to 3470 cm2V−1s−1 at 119 K primarily owing to the reduction in the phonon scattering rate. A conventional scattering theory revealed that such high electron mobility in GaN grown via pulsed sputtering can be attributed to the precise control of low-level intentional donors and the reduction in compensating centers. These results are expected to provide significant benefits for future GaN technology by offering high-quality GaN at cost effectively and at low temperatures.
Stress distribution around waist hole on finite plate based on mapping function
Authors: Liu Kun , Wang Zili
Published: July 2019

Holes exist on parts of ships and offshore structures to satisfy functional requirements, reduce weight, and achieve economic benefits. However, stress concentration often occurs around holes and affects the safety of structures. Analytical methods have been proposed for calculating the stress distribution for regular shapes of holes, such as circular, square, and triangular, particularly for the waist hole on the infinite plate. However, the stress distribution of other types of holes on the finite plate is difficult to calculate, although it is more important in practice. In this study, the stress distribution around the waist hole on the finite plate is explored. An improved mapping function for the waist hole, which introduces a new variable based on the rational mapping theory, is proposed, and the range and variation of each parameter in the formula are given according to the structural characteristics of the waist hole. The typical waist hole on the finite plate is calculated using the proposed method, and related numerical simulations are also performed. The results verify the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. Moreover, the stress distribution of the waist hole under different loads is calculated and discussed. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for practical engineering applications.
A semi-classical model for the charge exchange and energy loss of slow highly charged ions in ultrathin materials
Authors: Guo Xun , Fu Yanjun , Zhang Xitong , Wang Xinwei , Chen Yan , Xue Jianming
Published: July 2019

We present a simple and reliable method, based on the over-barrier model and Lindhard’s formula, to calculate the energy loss, charge transfer, and normalized intensity of highly charged ions penetrating through 2D ultrathin materials, including graphene and carbon nanomembranes. According to our results, the interaction between the ions and the 2D material can be simplified as an equivalent two-body collision, and we find that full consideration of the charge exchange effect is key to understanding the mechanism of ion energy deposition in an ultrathin target. Not only can this semiclassical model be used to evaluate the ion irradiation effect to a very good level of accuracy, but it also provides important guidance for tailoring the properties of 2D materials using ion beams.
Exploring the multiparameter nature of EUV-visible wave mixing at the FERMI FEL
Authors: Foglia L. , Capotondi F. , Höppner H. , Gessini A. , Giannessi L. , Kurdi G. , Lopez Quintas I. , Masciovecchio C. , Kiskinova M. , Mincigrucci R. , Naumenko D. , Nikolov I. P. , Pedersoli E. , Rossi G. M. , Simoncig A. , Bencivenga F.
Published: July 2019

The rapid development of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and x-ray ultrafast coherent light sources such as free electron lasers (FELs) has triggered the extension of wave-mixing techniques to short wavelengths. This class of experiments, based on the interaction of matter with multiple light pulses through the Nth order susceptibility, holds the promise of combining intrinsic ultrafast time resolution and background-free signal detection with nanometer spatial resolution and chemical specificity. A successful approach in this direction has been the combination of the unique characteristics of the seeded FEL FERMI with dedicated four-wave-mixing (FWM) setups, which leads to the demonstration of EUV-based transient grating (TG) spectroscopy. In this perspective paper, we discuss how the TG approach can be extended toward more general FWM spectroscopies by exploring the intrinsic multiparameter nature of nonlinear processes, which derives from the ability of controlling the properties of each field independently.
A flexible single-electrode-based triboelectric nanogenerator based on double-sided nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Man , Xia Liangping , Dang Suihu , Shi Lifang , Cao Axiu , Deng Qiling , Du Chunlei
Published: July 2019

In this study, we report a flexible single-electrode-based triboelectric nanogenerator based on double-sided polymer surface nanostructures. The triboelectric nanogenerators have been applied to harvest all kinds of mechanical energy in our daily life and convert them into electricity, and also used as a self-powered sensor system for touching pad and smart skin technologies. To enhance the performance of triboelectric nanogenerator, we fabricate a single-electrode-based triboelectric nanogenerator based on double-sided polydimethylsiloxane nanostructures and indium tin oxide electrode film using nanoimprint lithography. The nanostructures are nanopillar arrays with the diameter of about 200 nm to enhance the triboelectric effect. Open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the as-prepared samples are recorded using an oscilloscope with applying different external force at room temperature. The single-electrode-based triboelectric nanogenerator delivers an open-circuit voltage up to about 160 V, a short-circuit current of about 3 μA, and power density of 423.8 mW/m2, which provides an attractive solution to work as self-powered devices. This study greatly expands the applications of triboelectric nanogenerator as energy harvesting, environmental monitoring, and self-powered sensor systems.
Enhancing fluorescence of shallow nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond by surface coating with titanium oxide layers
Authors: Zhang Wen-long , Lou Li-ren , Zhu Wei , Wang Guan-zhong
Published: July 2019

We present an enhancement of the fluorescence of shallow (<10 nm) nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers by using atomic layer deposition to deposit titanium oxide layers on the diamond surface. In this way, the shallow NV− center charge states were stabilized, leading to the increasing fluorescence intensity of about 2 times. This surface coating technique could produce a protective layer of controllable thickness without any damages to the solid-state quantum system surface, which might be an approach to the further passivation or packaging techniques for the solid-state quantum devices.
Electrochemical CO2 reduction on Pd-modified Cu foil
Authors: Sun Zhi-juan , Sartin Matthew M. , Chen Wei , He Fan , Cai Jun , Ye Xu-xu , Lu Jun-ling , Chen Yan-xia
Published: July 2019

Bimetallic catalysts can improve CO2 reduction efficiency via the combined properties of two metals. CuPd shows enhanced CO2 reduction activity compared to copper alone. Using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and electrochemical infrared (IR) spectroscopy, volatile products and adsorbed intermediates were measured during CO2 and CO reduction on Cu and CuPd. The IR band corresponding to adsorbed CO appears 300 mV more positive on CuPd than that on Cu, indicating acceleration of CO2 reduction to CO. Electrochemical IR spectroscopy measurements in CO-saturated solutions reveal similar potentials for CO adsorption and CO32− desorption on CuPd and Cu, indicating that CO adsorption is controlled by desorption of CO32−. DEMS measurements carried out during CO reduction at both electrodes showed that the onset potential for reduction of CO to CH4 and CH3OH on CuPd is about 200 mV more positive than that on Cu. We attribute these improvements to interaction of Cu and Pd, which shifts the d-band center of the Cu sites.
Direct Z-scheme CdS-CdS nanorod arrays photoanode: Synthesis, characterization and photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Fan Yi , Song Zhi-min , Dong Jing-jing , Wang Zhi-yu , Yang Yue , Zhu Xiao-di , Sun Song , Gao Chen , Bao Jun
Published: July 2019

Direct Z-scheme CdO-CdS 1-dimensional nanorod arrays were constructed through a facile and simple hydrothermal process. The structure, morphology, photoelectrochemical properties and H2 evolution activity of this catalyst were investigated systematically. The morphology of the obtained nanorod is a regular hexagonal prism with 100-200 nm in diameter. The calcination temperature and time were optimized carefully to achieve the highest photoelectrochemical performance. The as-fabricated hybrid system achieved a photocurrent density up to 6.5 mA/cm2 and H2 evolution rate of 240 µmol·cm−2·h−1 at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which is about 2-fold higher than that of the bare CdS nanorod arrays. The PEC performance exceeds those previously reported similar systems. A direct Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on the structure and photoelectrochemical performance characterization results, which can well explain the high separation efficiency of photoinduced carriers and the excellent redox ability.
Obscuration elimination in three-dimensional nonsymmetrical optical systems
Authors: Cai Danyun , Gross Herbert
Published: July 2019

In order to avoid central obscuration in reflective optical systems, off-axis designs with mirrors tilting and decentering about optical axis are popular. With the help of freeform surfaces, the field of view and resolution of the off-axis mirror systems have been greatly improved. However, it is important to take care of mechanical vignetting during the design process and recalculate the unobscured transmitted field after the design is completed. In this paper, one method to compute obscuration-free fields in a fixed off-axis plane symmetrical system is developed. Then, one algorithm that automatically eliminates obscuration in optical systems which have no symmetry in three-dimensional space is put forward. In the end, two examples are shown to prove the feasibility of this idea.
Quantitative comparison of camera technologies for cost-effective super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI)
Authors: Van den Eynde Robin , Sandmeyer Alice , Vandenberg Wim , Duwé Sam , Hübner Wolfgang , Huser Thomas , Dedecker Peter , Müller Marcel
Published: July 2019

Super-resolution (SR) fluorescence microscopy is typically carried out on research microscopes equipped with high-NA TIRF objectives and powerful laser light sources. Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) is a fast SR technique capable of live-cell imaging, that is compatible with many wide-field microscope systems. However, especially when employing fluorescent proteins, a key part of the imaging system is a very sensitive and well calibrated camera sensor. The substantial costs of such systems preclude many research groups from employing SR imaging techniques. Here, we examine to what extent SOFI can be performed using a range of imaging hardware comprising different technologies and costs. In particular, we quantitatively compare the performance of an industry-grade CMOS camera to both state-of-the-art emCCD and sCMOS detectors, with SOFI-specific metrics. We show that SOFI data can be obtained using a cost-efficient industry-grade sensor, both on commercial and home-built microscope systems, though our analysis also readily exposes the merits of the per-pixel corrections performed in scientific cameras.
Outdoor Mobility and Use of Adaptive or Maladaptive Walking Modifications Among Older People
Authors: Skantz Heidi , Rantanen Taina , Palmberg Lotta , Rantalainen Timo , Aartolahti Eeva , Portegijs Erja , Viljanen Anne , Eronen Johanna , Rantakokko Merja
Published: July 2019

Background

In old age, decline in functioning may cause changes in walking ability. Our aim was to study whether older people who report adaptive, maladaptive, or no walking modifications differ in outdoor mobility.

Methods

Community-dwelling people aged 75–90 years (N = 848) were interviewed at baseline, of whom 761 participated in the 2-year follow-up. Walking modifications were assessed by asking the participants whether they had modified their way of walking 2 km due to their health. Based on the responses, three categories were formed: no walking modifications (reference), adaptive (eg, walking more slowly, using an aid), and maladaptive walking modifications (reduced frequency of walking, or having given up walking 2 km). Differences between these categories in life-space mobility, autonomy in participation outdoors, and unmet physical activity need were analyzed using generalized estimation equation models.

Results

Participants with maladaptive walking modifications (n = 238) reported the most restricted life-space mobility (β = −9.6, SE = 2.5, p < .001) and autonomy in participation outdoors (β = 1.7, SE = 0.6, p = .004) and the highest prevalence of unmet physical activity need (odds ratio = 4.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.1–16.5) at baseline and showed a decline in these variables over time. Those with no walking modifications (n = 285) at baseline exhibited the best values in all outdoor mobility variables and no change over time. Although at baseline those with adaptive walking modifications (n = 325) resembled those with no modifications, their outdoor mobility declined over time.

Conclusion

Adopting adaptive modifications may postpone decline in outdoor mobility, whereas the use of maladaptive modifications has unfavorable consequences for outdoor mobility.
Life-span Extension Drug Interventions Affect Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Aging
Authors: Mau Theresa , O’Brien Martin , Ghosh Amiya K , Miller Richard A , Yung Raymond
Published: July 2019

The National Institute on Aging (NIA)-sponsored Interventions Testing Program (ITP) has identified a number of dietary drug interventions that significantly extend life span, including rapamycin, acarbose, and 17-α estradiol. However, these drugs have diverse downstream targets, and their effects on age-associated organ-specific changes are unclear (Nadon NL, Strong R, Miller RA, Harrison DE. NIA Interventions Testing Program: investigating putative aging intervention agents in a genetically heterogeneous mouse model. EBioMedicine. 2017;21:3–4. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.038). Potential mechanisms by which these drugs extend life could be through their effect on inflammatory processes often noted in tissues of aging mice and humans. Our study focuses on the effects of three drugs in the ITP on inflammation in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) of HET3 mice—including adiposity, adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) M1/M2 polarization, markers of cellular senescence, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. We found that rapamycin led to a 56% increase of CD45+ leukocytes in gWAT, where the majority of these are ATMs. Interestingly, rapamycin led to a 217% and 106% increase of M1 (CD45+CD64+CD206−) ATMs in females and males, respectively. Our data suggest rapamycin may achieve life-span extension in part through adipose tissue inflammation. Additionally, HET3 mice exhibit a spectrum of age-associated changes in the gWAT, but acarbose and 17-α estradiol do not strongly alter these phenotypes—suggesting that acarbose and 17- α estradiol may not influence life span through mechanisms involving adipose tissue inflammation.
Calculating maximum morphine equivalent daily dose from prescription directions for use in the electronic health record: a case report
Authors: Goud Anil , Kiefer Elizabeth , Keller Michelle S , Truong Lyna , SooHoo Spencer , Riggs Richard V
Published: July 2019

To demonstrate a process of calculating the maximum potential morphine milligram equivalent daily dose (MEDD) based on the prescription Sig for use in quality improvement initiatives. To calculate an opioid prescription’s maximum potential Sig-MEDD, we developed SQL code to determine a prescription’s maximum units/day using discrete field data and text-parsing in the prescription instructions. We validated the derived units/day calculation using 3000 Sigs, then compared the Sig-MEDD calculation against the Epic-MEDD calculator. Of the 101 782 outpatient opioid prescriptions ordered over 1 year, 80% used discrete-field Sigs, 7% used free-text Sigs, and 3% used both types. We determined units/day and calculated a Sig-MEDD for 98.3% of all the prescriptions, 99.99% of discrete-Sig prescriptions, and 81.5% of free-text-Sig prescriptions. Analyzing opioid prescription Sigs to determine a maximum potential Sig-MEDD provides greater insight into a patient’s risk for opioid exposure.
Pediatric Sporotrichosis in Jilin Province of China (2010–2016): a Retrospective Study of 704 Cases
Authors: Yao Lei , Song Yang , Cui Yan , Zhou Jun-Feng , Zhong Shu-Xia , Zhao Dong-Yang , Li Shan-Shan
Published: July 2019

Background

Pediatric patients make a substantial contribution to the epidemiologic profile of sporotrichosis in Jilin Province, a region of China in which the disease is strongly endemic. However, the exact epidemiologic and clinical manifestations of childhood sporotrichosis in China are unclear.

Methods

The medical records of 704 pediatric patients aged <15 years with sporotrichosis diagnosed by fungus culture at the Department of Dermatology at the First Hospital of Jilin University in a 7-year period (January 2010 to December 2016) were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were from rural areas of Jilin Province, located in northeast China.

Results

Among the 704 pediatric patients, the male/female ratio was 1.41:1, and the highest incidence of sporotrichosis (63%) occurred in those aged 0 to 6 years; 561 patients (80%) contracted sporotrichosis in a colder month. Overall, 655 (93%) patients had lesions in the facial region, whereas 602 (86%) patients had fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis. The incidence of the fixed cutaneous form in the 0- to 6-year age group was significantly higher than that in the 7- to 14-year age group (P = .009). Patients were treated with 10% potassium iodide solution, itraconazole, or terbinafine.

Conclusions

The characteristics of pediatric sporotrichosis in Jilin Provence include the following: (1) a more frequent occurrence in the colder months; (2) the facial region is affected predominantly, in most cases manifesting in the fixed cutaneous form; and (3) significantly more cases occur in younger children than in older ones. Decaying cornstalks used as fire materials might be the source of infection in this population; however, additional research is needed to explore the exact mechanism of infection.