bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Verhoeff’s Otostigmus subgenus Malaccopleurus, the nudus group of
Otostigmus subgenus Otostigmus Porat, 1876, and Digitipes Attems, 1930, with a description of the foetus stadium larva in O. sulcipes Verhoeff, 1937, (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)
Authors: LEWIS JOHN G. E.
Published: November 2015

The species of Verhoeff’s Southeast Asian subgenus Malaccopleurus (an unavailable name) are here assigned to subgenus Otostigmus. His Otostigmus (M.) trisulcatus Verhoeff, 1937 is a junior subjective synonym of O. (M.) sulcipes Verhoeff, 1937. The foetus stadium of O. sulcipes is described. Otostigmus (M.) sutteri Würmli, 1972, is also assigned to the subgenus Otostigmus and may be conspecific with O. geophilinus Haase, 1887, the specimens of which show some variation. The specimen from Teinzo, Myanmar with labels O. politus Karsch, 1881, and O. geophilinus is of uncertain identity. Otostigmus sulcipes closely resembles O. nudus Pocock, 1890, and O. taeniatus Pocock, 1896, of Lewis’s (2010) nudus group. Otostigmus lawrencei Dobroruka, 1968, resembles a Cormocephalus species and is of uncertain identity.        The genus Digitipes is characterised by the process on the femur of the ultimate legs in males. Three African species have been recognised. The males of Digitipes verdascens Attems, 1930, D. reichardti (Kraepelin, 1903) are known but                D. krausi Dobroruka, 1968, lacks the femoral process and was described as a female. In these three species, only the tergite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment is marginate but in other characters D. krausi resembles Otostigmus species and is assigned to Otostigmus as O. krausi (Dobroruka, 1968) comb. nov. The Indian Digitipes periyarensis Joshi & Edgecombe, 2013, which differs markedly from other Digitipes species is a junior subjective synonym of Otostigmus nudus.        It is possible that future molecular studies may show that some species currently assigned to Otostigmus are, in fact, Digitipes.
A new species of Dolicholana Bruce, 1986 (Isopoda, Cymothoidea, Cirolanidae), the first record of the genus from the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: PAIVA RICARDO J. C. , SOUZA-FILHO JESSER F.
Published: November 2015

The isopod genus Dolicholana Bruce, 1986, previously known only from the Indo-West Pacific, is recorded for the first time from the Atlantic Ocean. A new species, Dolicholana brucei sp. nov., is described from the northeastern Brazilian coast, and is the first record of the genus Dolicholana Bruce, 1986 for the Atlantic Ocean. The material was collected from the upper part of the continental slope off Rio Grande do Norte (150 m depth). The new species is characterized by pereopod 1 propodal palm being crenulate, ischium of pereopod 1 and 2 with a plumose seta on the anterior margin, peduncle of pleopods 3–5 bearing an accessory lobe acute on the distolateral angle, pleotelson posterior margin being rounded, and the uropodal endopod and the exopod apices distally being rounded. A revised key to the genus is provided.
Revision of the aphyonid genus Aphyonus (Teleostei, Ophidiiformes) with a new genus and two new species
Authors: NIELSEN JØRGEN G.
Published: November 2015

The cosmopolitan, deep sea, aphyonid genus Aphyonus is known from less than 100 specimens. The type species A. gelatinosus Günther, 1878 and three additional valid species, A. brevidorsalis Nielsen, 1969, A. bolini Nielsen, 1974, and A. rassi Nielsen, 1975 were all based on single specimens. Since then several specimens have been caught of which 52 are examined for the present revision. Most of the specimens are referred to A. gelatinosus but also to A. bolini and A. rassi. A result of the enlarged material is that the type species, A. gelatinosus, is found to differ so much from the remaining species that a new genus, Paraphyonus, is established for these species. Furthermore two new species of Paraphyonus are here described, P. iselini based on six specimens from the tropical northwestern Atlantic Ocean and P. merretti based on three specimens from the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. The present knowledge of the variation of the Paraphyonus species makes it relevant to transfer Barathronus solomonensis Nielsen & Møller, 2008 to this genus.
Morphological diversity of the labial sensilla of phytophagous and predatory Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with reference to their possible functions
Authors: PARVEEN SHAMA , AHMAD AYASHAA , BROŻEK JOLANTA , RAMAMURTHY VILAYANOOR VENKATARAMAN
Published: November 2015

Sensory structure on the labial surface of five genera of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) belonging to two subfamilies i.e. Asopinae and Pentatominae have been studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Three representatives of the subfamily Pentatominae (phytophagous)—Dolycoris indicus (Stal), Plautia crossota (Dallas) and Piezodorus hybneri (Gmelin) and two of Asopinae (predatory)—Perillus bioculatus (Fabricius) and Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) were studied to morphologically characterize and compare the sensory structures present on the labium. Six types of labial sensilla were found on their labial tip and surface. The labial sensilla identified were sensilla peg (SP), basiconica (SB), campaniformia (SCa), chaetica (SCh), styloconica (SStc) and trichodea (ST). Their possible functions were discussed relating to morphology and location. A new form of sensilla basiconica was also observed in D. indicus. Sensilla styloconica were restricted only to the predatory pentatomid bugs. Cuticular projections (Cpr) on the sensorial region of the studied pentatomids were also observed along with labial cuticular pores.
Impacts of Gulf of Mexico SST Anomalies on Southern Plains Freezing Precipitation: ARW Sensitivity Study of the 28–30 January 2010 Winter Storm
Authors: Mullens Esther D. , Leslie Lance M. , Lamb Peter J.
Published: November 2015

Ice storms are an infrequent but significant hazard in the U.S southern Great Plains. Common synoptic profiles for freezing precipitation reveal advection of low-level warm moist air from the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), above a shallow Arctic air mass ahead of a midlevel trough. Because the GOM is the proximal basin and major moisture source, this study investigates impacts of varying GOM sea surface temperature (SST) on the thermodynamic evolution of a winter storm that occurred during 28–30 January 2010, with particular emphasis on the modulation of freezing precipitation. A high-resolution, nested ARW sensitivity study with a 3.3-km inner domain is performed, using six representations of GOM SST, including control, climatological mean, uniform ±2°C from control, and physically constrained upper- and lower-bound basin-average anomalies from a 30-yr dataset. The simulations reveal discernable impacts of SST on the warm-layer inversion, precipitation intensity, and low-level dynamics. Whereas total precipitation for the storm increased monotonically with SST, the freezing-precipitation response was more varied and nonlinear, with the greatest accumulation decreases occurring for the coolest SST perturbation, particularly at moderate precipitation rates. Enhanced precipitation and warm-layer intensity promoted by warmer SST were offset for the highest perturbations by deepening of the weak 850-hPa low circulation and faster eastward progression associated with enhanced baroclinicity and diabatic generation of potential vorticity. Air-parcel trajectories terminating within the freezing-precipitation region were examined to identify airmass sources and modification. These results suggest that GOM SST can affect the severity of concurrent ice-storm events in the southern Great Plains, with warmer basin SST potentially exacerbating the risk of damaging ice accumulations.
Assessing Seasonality in the Surface Urban Heat Island of London
Authors: Zhou Bin , Lauwaet Dirk , Hooyberghs Hans , De Ridder Koen , Kropp Jürgen P. , Rybski Diego
Published: November 2015

This paper assesses the seasonality of the urban heat island (UHI) effect in the Greater London area (United Kingdom). Combining satellite-based observations and urban boundary layer climate modeling with the UrbClim model, the authors are able to address the seasonality of UHI intensity, on the basis of both land surface temperature (LST) and 2-m air temperature, for four individual times of the day (0130, 1030, 1330, and 2230 local time) and the daily means derived from them. An objective of this paper is to investigate whether the UHI intensities that are based on both quantities exhibit a similar hysteresis-like trajectory that is observed for LST when plotting the UHI intensity against the background temperature. The results show that the UrbClim model can satisfactorily reproduce both the observed urban–rural LSTs and 2-m air temperatures as well as their differences and the hysteresis in the surface UHI. The hysteresis-like seasonality is largely absent in both the observed and modeled 2-m air temperatures, however. A sensitivity simulation of the UHI intensity to incoming solar radiation suggests that the hysteresis of the LST can mainly be attributed to the seasonal variation in incoming solar radiation.
Tidal Mixing in the South China Sea: An Estimate Based on the Internal Tide Energetics
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Peng Shiqiu , Liu Zhiyu , Huang Rui Xin , Qian Yu-Kun , Li Yineng
Published: November 2015

By taking into account the contributions of both locally and remotely generated internal tides, the tidal mixing in the Luzon Strait (LS) and the South China Sea (SCS) is investigated through internal-tide simulation and energetics analysis. A three-dimensional nonhydrostatic high-resolution model driven by four primary tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) is used for the internal-tide simulation. The baroclinic energy budget analysis reveals that the internal tides radiated from the LS are the dominant energy source for the tidal dissipation in the SCS. In the LS, the estimated depth-integrated turbulent kinetic energy dissipation exceeds O(1) W m−2 atop the two subsurface ridges, with a dissipation rate of >O(10−7) W kg−1 and diapycnal diffusivity of ~O(10−2) m2 s−1. In the SCS, the most intense turbulence occurs in the deep-water basin with a dissipation rate of O(10−8–10−6) W kg−1 and diapycnal diffusivity of O(10−3–10−1) m2 s−1 within the ~2000-m water column above the seafloor as well as in the shelfbreak region with a dissipation rate of O(10−7–10−6) W kg−1 and diapycnal diffusivity of O(10−4–10−3) m2 s−1. These estimated values are consistent with observations reported in previous studies and are at least one order of magnitude larger than those based solely on locally generated internal tides.
On the Effects of Listening and Talking to Humans and Devices on Driving
Authors: Caird Jeff K.
Published: November 2015

The body of research on cognitive distraction while driving is vast and spans many decades. To this research, the authors of the target article add three experiments that measure a number of cognitive tasks across laboratory, simulation, and on-road contexts. The pattern of decrements is similar across contexts, when expressed as an index, and when compared to previous research. Measurement, task, and generalizability issues arise from the approaches taken by the authors. For example, the use of “pure” cognitive tasks may not necessarily generalize to everyday driving behavior, wherein visual and physical distractions are inherently interleaved with cognitive tasks. A valuable contribution of the authors’ future research on cognitive distractions would be to predict relative crash risk.
Worker Struggles as Community Struggles: The Politics of Protest in Nkaneng, Marikana
Authors: Naicker Camalita
Published: November 2015

This article deals with the changing spatial landscape of the mines in the post-apartheid era. It is here that the link between worker and community struggles becomes apparent, given the changing nature of space and community on the mines. It becomes more difficult to deny women’s roles and contributions to political life on the mines in South Africa when we are confronted with the Marikana massacre. For the first time, women on the mines made a public statement about living and working and being on the mines, a realm of experience previously ignored or silenced in most labour historiography. After the 1980s, mine compounds were ethnically desegregated and post-1994, mine companies began to offer a living out allowance (LOA) to mineworkers who preferred not to stay in the hostels. As a result, there was an immediate growth of shack settlements around the platinum belt. With the development of shack settlements has been the introduction of family life on the mines, which has brought with it a new form of community politics that have not been adequately addressed in the public sphere or in new labour literature. This shows how independently organised worker struggles are linked to, and reinforced by, the struggles of women and the community. More specifically the paper presents research undertaken in Marikana in November 2012 and it is an attempt to write a living history of people who currently occupy the shack settlement where most of the mineworkers involved in the 2012 strike live; it is called Nkaneng.
Negative Interest Rate Policy as Conventional Monetary Policy
Authors: Kimball Miles S.
Published: November 2015

As long as all interest rates move in tandem – including the rate of return on paper currency – economic theory suggests no important difference between interest rate changes in the positive region and interest rate changes in the negative region. Indeed, in standard models, only the real interest rate and spreads between real interest rates matter. Thus, in most respects, negative interest rate policy is conventional. It is only (a) what needs to be done with paper currency, (b) difficulties in understanding negative rates or (c) institutional features interacting with negative rates that make negative interest rate policy unconventional.
Improving the assessment of depression remission with the Remission Evaluation and Mood Inventory Tool
Authors: Aikens James E , Klinkman Michael S , Sen Ananda , Nease Donald E
Published: November 2015

Objective

The Remission Evaluation and Mood Inventory Tool (REMIT) is a practical 5-item self-report measure of key positive mood states associated with recovering from depression, as distinct from depressive symptoms per se. The study goal was to identify a clinically useful threshold for interpreting REMIT responses in the context of mild to moderate depressive symptoms.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional dataset initially used to develop and validate the REMIT. Primary care patients being treated for depressive symptoms of either mild or moderate severity ( n = 247 and 240, respectively) rated their perceived degree of depression remission prior to completing the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) and the REMIT. We summed the totals of the latter two measures to form the PHQ + REMIT index.

Results

Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis indicated that the PHQ + REMIT threshold ≥13 was associated with good sensitivity (92%) and acceptable specificity (43%) to the absence of patient-perceived remission. In contrast, the PHQ had only 21% specificity at this sensitivity level. Area under the curve was 0.815 (95% C.I.: 0.765–0.865), which was significantly greater than that of the PHQ-8 alone (area under the curve = 0.745, 95% C.I.: 0.691–0.805, p(diff) = 0.0002). Threshold performance was unaffected by adjustment for demographic characteristics and variation in remission percentage. Compared with standard symptom-based classification, using the REMIT reclassified 27% of mildly symptomatic patients as remitted.

Conclusions

Using the REMIT with patients who have mild to moderate depressive symptoms improves the assessment of patient-perceived remission, which is indicated by a summed PHQ + REMIT index of less than 13. Longitudinal research is needed to test whether this broadened patient-centered approach to assessing remission improves clinical decision making and long-term outcomes.
Drug-induced parkinsonism following chronic methamphetamine use by a patient on haloperidol decanoate
Authors: Matthew Binoj J , Gedzior Joanna S
Published: November 2015

This report attempts to highlight that use of an antipsychotic and concurrent chronic use of methamphetamine can cause drug-induced parkinsonism. Methamphetamine is usually not encountered in the list of agents that induce drug-induced parkinsonism and so its consideration particularly during chronic use by a patient who is also on an antipsychotic is worthwhile because of its popularity as an illegal narcotic. This case report describes just such a case of drug-induced parkinsonism which is a subacute syndrome that mimics Parkinson’s disease. Although less alarming than dystonia, it is more common, more difficult to treat and can be the cause of significant disability during maintenance treatment especially in the elderly. In most cases, symptoms are reversible in days or weeks, but occasionally, especially in the elderly, or if long-acting injectable antipsychotics are used—as in this case—symptoms may last for weeks or months. The report also illustrates the neuronal workings due to chronic methamphetamine-use and the additive effects of dopamine blockade by antipsychotics such as haloperidol.
Pivot Points
Authors: Wickersham Carol , Westerberg Charles , Jones Karen , Cress Margaret
Published: November 2015

This research is an initial investigation into the ways community-based learning increase the cognitive skills central to the exercise of the sociological imagination. In addition to identifying a means to reveal that learning had occurred, we looked for evidence that the students were mastering sociological content, especially the concepts and habits of the sociological imagination. Using a grounded theory approach, a student/faculty research team conducted a content analysis of 160 field notes from 34 undergraduate participant-observers enrolled in an academically grounded, field-based sociology course. The analysis revealed patterns of “pivot points” where students’ understanding is characterized by a noticeable jump rather than as incremental or gradual change in knowledge acquisition. These pivot points are fundamental, categorical shifts in understanding connecting particular observations to generalized theories or constructs.
Creating an Engaged Workforce
Authors: Jiang Hua , Men Rita Linjuan
Published: November 2015

Scholars have increasingly recognized the importance of studying factors leading to employee engagement. However, few researchers have created and tested theoretical models that propose mechanisms linking employee engagement to social contextual variables. Based on a random sample of employees ( n = 391) working across different industrial sectors in the United States, we proposed and tested a model (rooted in the Social Exchange Theory and the Job Demands-Resources Model) that examined how authentic leadership, transparent organizational communication, and work-life enrichment are interrelated. A simplified model containing both significant direct and indirect effects fits the data. Theoretical contributions and managerial ramifications of the study were discussed.
Motivating Compliance Behavior Among Offenders
Authors: Murphy Kristina , Bradford Ben , Jackson Jonathan
Published: November 2015

Research shows that procedural justice can motivate compliance through the mediating influence of either legitimacy or social identity. Using three waves of longitudinal survey data collected from 359 tax offenders, we examine whether procedural justice is important to offenders’ decisions to comply with future tax obligations despite fear of sanctions, and whether legitimacy and social identity processes mediate the relationship between procedural justice and compliance. Our results reveal that (a) legitimacy mediates the effect of procedural justice on compliance, (b) social identity mediates the procedural justice/compliance relationship, (c) identity seems to matter slightly more than perceptions of legitimacy when predicting tax compliance, and (d) perceived risk of sanction plays a small, but counterproductive role in predicting tax compliance. We conclude that normative concerns dominate taxpayers’ compliance decisions. Implications are relevant for understanding behavioral compliance and how procedural justice can motivate such behavior.
The Potential Explanatory Role of Perceived Stress in Associations Between Subjective Social Status and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Homeless Smokers
Authors: Garey Lorra , Reitzel Lorraine R. , Kendzor Darla E. , Businelle Michael S.
Published: November 2015

Homeless individuals smoke at high rates relative to the general population and are at heightened risk of tobacco-related illnesses and poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Homeless smokers also report low subjective social status (SSS) or perceived social standing relative to others. SSS may contribute to poor HRQoL, potentially through perceived stress. The current study examined the role of perceived stress in the association of SSS and HRQoL among 227 (70.9% male, Mage = 43.2) homeless smokers. Participants completed self-report measures of SSS, perceived stress, and HRQoL. Perceived stress partially explained the relation between SSS (United States and Community) and HRQoL in covariate-adjusted analyses. Results suggested that perceived stress is a pathway through which SSS contributes to HRQoL among homeless smokers. Findings broaden current understanding of the impact of social disadvantage and perceived stress on HRQoL among homeless smokers.
Distress Tolerance as a Predictor of Adherence to a Yoga Intervention
Authors: Baird Scarlett O. , Hopkins Lindsey B. , Medina Johnna L. , Rosenfield David , Powers Mark B. , Smits Jasper A. J.
Published: November 2015

This study tested whether distress tolerance, body image, and body mass index (BMI) predicted adherence to a yoga intervention. Participants were 27 women who participated in a yoga intervention as part of a randomized controlled trial. Attendance and distress tolerance were assessed weekly, and body image and BMI were measured at baseline. Multilevel modeling revealed a three-way interaction of distress tolerance, BMI, and body image ( p < .001). For participants with few body image concerns, distress tolerance was positively associated with adherence regardless of BMI ( p = .009). However, for those with poor body image, increases in distress tolerance were associated with increases in adherence among overweight participants ( p < .001) but lower adherence among obese participants ( p = .007). Distress tolerance may be implicated in adherence to a yoga intervention, although its effects may be dependent on body image concerns, BMI, and their interaction. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
Reflection
Authors: Smith Stephanie Shintani
Published: November 2015

The surgeon‐scientist offers a unique perspective as one who can arguably best comprehend clinical needs, identify areas ripe for research, and translate discoveries from bench to bedside. However, the long transition from postdoc to independent investigator can prove to be quite challenging. Surgeons have long been described as having results‐oriented personalities, and so the long road to independence can be fraught with frustration at times. It requires humility in seeking scientific direction and mentorship, institutional support, and ultimately extramural funding. This reflection piece examines some hallmark steps along the pathway to independence for one otolaryngology–head and neck surgeon‐scientist in her early academic career.
Systematic Review of Endoscopic Obliteration Techniques for Managing Congenital Piriform Fossa Sinus Tracts in Children
Authors: Lachance Sophie , Chadha Neil K.
Published: November 2015

Background

Piriform fossa sinus tracts (PFSTs) are a recognized cause of recurrent deep neck infections in the pediatric population. Conventional management has historically required open resection, but over recent years minimally invasive endoscopic approaches to obliterate the pharyngeal opening of the sinus have been performed in many centers. However, there is a lack of clear evidence regarding the success rate and safety of these approaches.

Objective

To determine the success rate of endoscopic management of PFST through a systematic review of the existing literature.

Data Sources

MEDLINE (1964‐2014) and bibliographies of identified papers.

Review Methods

Two authors independently reviewed 170 abstracts and identified relevant studies for full‐text review. Data were independently extracted from those studies, and the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine guidelines were used to classify the level of evidence.

Results

Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 84 patients. All included studies were evidence level 4 (case series). Various methods of obliterating the PFST were described: electrocautery (n = 39), laser (n = 19), trichloroacetic acid (n = 19), silver nitrate (n = 4), combination of silver nitrate and laser (n = 2), and fibrin glue (n = 1). The success rate for endoscopic management of PFST was 89.3% overall (90.5% in primary cases and 85.7% in revision cases). The only adverse event reported was temporary vocal cord immobility in 2.4% (n = 2) of cases.

Conclusion

Endoscopic management of pediatric PFST appears to be safe and effective, as a primary option and for revision after open surgery.
Perceived Family Support and Antiretroviral Adherence in HIV-Positive Individuals
Authors: Poudel Krishna C. , Buchanan David R. , Amiya Rachel M. , Poudel-Tandukar Kalpana
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between perceived family support, either positive or negative, and adherence to antiretroviral medication regimens among HIV-positive individuals in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. We measured past 3-month antiretroviral adherence among 233 HIV-positive individuals, in relation to perceived family support, both positive (in terms of emotional and instrumental support) and negative (in the form of negative interactions), using the 10-item Nepali Family Support and Difficulty Scale. Medium and high levels of perceived emotional support from family were associated with reduced risk of antiretroviral nonadherence, compared with low levels of perceived emotional support (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]  = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.16, 0.88], and AOR  = 0.23, 95% CI [0.08, 0.64], respectively). Conversely, higher levels of felt emotional distance (AOR  = 1.46, 95% CI [1.00, 2.14]) and experienced physical harm (AOR  = 2.04, 95% CI [1.07, 3.91]) were associated with increased risk of nonadherence. The results support the recommendation that service providers need to be aware of the significant role of family support in shaping antiretroviral adherence and to consider ways to strengthen positive family support while minimizing negative family interactions to increase adherence rates.
The postapocalyptic imagination
Authors: Doyle Briohny
Published: November 2015

Apocalypse as a literary genre, as well as a political and religious agenda, has been criticized by writers such as Lee Quinby and Katherine Keller for its formula, which tends toward punishment for transgression and salvation of an elect. These same writers critique postapocalypse for its propensity for nihilism and portrayal of a human species ‘beyond redemption’. But perhaps it is precisely this refusal to redeem that endows postapocalypse with dangerous possibilities. The postapocalypse does not have to be considered (and subsequently neutralized) via the same moral underpinnings that structure apocalypse. This paper frames postapocalypse not as a literature of pessimism or warning but as a radical context to explore dangerous possibilities without rehearsing apocalypse’s characteristic damnation, salvation and enforcement of a horizon of revelation that simultaneously works to obliterate aberrant possibilities. In order to explore these claims, the process of thinking beyond revelation in apocalypse is defined here as ‘the postapocalyptic imagination’. Its expressions are found in postapocalyptic texts, but also in other kinds of texts that respond to, and in some cases resist, the teleological drive of late capitalist narratives of endless progress. The postapocalyptic world is host to mutations, amalgamations and strange appropriations of forms and ideas left in the wreckage beyond the end. It is the task of the postapocalyptic imagination to explore what possibilities these ‘abominations’ might offer. This paper considers the motifs, characters and settings of postapocalyptic texts, alongside some of the anxieties and critiques they express.
Assessing Measurement Invariance of the Student Personal Perception of Classroom Climate Across Different Ethnic Groups
Authors: Rubie-Davies Christine , Asil Mustafa , Teo Timothy
Published: November 2015

The class climate is acknowledged as being related to student learning. Students learn more in classrooms that are supportive and caring. However, there are few class climate instruments at the elementary school level. The aim of the current study was to assess the measurement invariance of a recently developed scale in a different context (New Zealand) from where it was developed (the United States) and across different ethnic groups. A total of 1,924 elementary school students (963 males and 961 females) participated. Students completed the Student Personal Perception of Classroom Climate (SPPCC). Results of the invariance tests of the SPPCC across four ethnic samples (New Zealand European, Māori, Pasifika, and Asian) indicated that the SPPCC represented the same four factors in classroom climate for each of these groups (configural invariance). Results also revealed that full metric invariance was supported although only partial scalar invariance was achieved because of a lack of invariance in the thresholds for five items. Therefore, this study provided empirical support for the SPPCC when used within a new context and with different ethnic groups. Future studies to enhance the usability of the SPPCC are discussed.
Function of sustained released resveratrol on IL-1β-induced hBMSC MMP13 secretion inhibition and chondrogenic differentiation promotion
Authors: Wu Gang , Wang Lei , Li Hong , Ke Yu , Yao Yongchang
Published: November 2015

Metalloproteinase-13 is the major type II collagenase that directly implicates cartilage matrix destruction. Metalloproteinase-13 is inducted and activated by interleukin-1 β, which is a commonly observed proinflammatory cytokine in the joint cavity of arthritic patients. Depression of interleukin-1 β function can inhibit metalloproteinase-13 expression and protect the cartilage extracellular matrix. In this study, resveratrol release microspheres were developed, and the direct function of the released resveratrol on the interleukin-1 β was discussed. The resveratrol-loaded microspheres were fabricated using oil-in-water emulsion and solution-evaporation methods. The particle size and the encapsulation efficiency for the techniques, which used different fabrication conditions, were within 8.3–63.9 μm and 37%–82%, respectively. The effect of drug release lasted for more than 650 h in a PBS solution at 37℃. Human bone mesenchymal stem cells were chosen for cell experiments. Interleukin-1 β was used to induce an inflammatory condition. The effect of sustained resveratrol release from the microspheres on the cells' gene expression was observed using the transwell co-culturing method. The results indicated that metalloproteinase-13 mRNA expression was upregulated after interleukin-1 β induction. The released resveratrol directly inhibited the function of interleukin-1 β and thus downregulated metalloproteinase-13 mRNA expression. Moreover, the upregulation of Col2, aggrecan and Sox9 mRNA expressions, which are major chondrocyte markers, was observed after resveratrol was released into the culture medium. Resveratrol was observed to maintain the cells' chondrogenic gene expression when subject to the inflammation condition. The sustained released resveratrol inhibited interleukin-1 β-inducted metalloproteinase-13 activation and promoted chondrocyte differentiation. This drug-loading microsphere is a promising candidate for arthritis therapy.
The Use of Talking Circles to Describe a Native American Transcultural Caring Immersion Experience
Authors: Lowe John , Wimbish-Cirilo Rose
Published: November 2015

Background: The Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing at the Florida Atlantic University is grounded in the Nursing as Caring theory. A transcultural caring immersion experience for nursing students is provided within the tribal community of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokees. Aims: The purpose of this study was to ascertain descriptions of nursing students’ transcultural immersion experience. Design: A qualitative descriptive approach was used via the Talking Circle method. The consensual qualitative research analytical approach was used to categorize participant responses. Findings: Six themes emerged that are consistent with the Nursing as Caring theoretical key concepts: (1) persons are caring as diverse human beings, (2) persons care from a unique cultural perspective moment to moment, (3) persons are whole and complete in the moment when engaging with diverse others, (4) personhood is a process of living with meaningful purpose by diverse persons, (5) personhood evolves while caring for diverse others in nurturing relationships, and (6) connecting nursing as both a profession and a discipline occurs among unique and diverse persons. Conclusions: The findings from this study reveal the value of providing a transcultural caring immersion experience to students from a Nursing as Caring theoretical perspective.
The performative spirit of Amalia Mesa-Bains’ New World Wunderkammer
Authors: Gomoll Lucian
Published: November 2015

Amalia Mesa-Bains’ New World Wunderkammer (2013–2014) reactivates the Early Modern cabinet of curiosities, a display form that European collectors once used to express their knowledge and possession of the known world. Her art installation restages the Caribbean collision of Native American, African, and European peoples that began in 1492, connecting it to the colonial histories of objects from the Fowler Museum at UCLA’s permanent collections. In her creative, feminist, decolonial interventions, Mesa-Bains secures agency for the oppressed by invoking Lucumí—a spiritual practice born in the Caribbean—and by performatively implicating her audience in related processes of coming together and healing.
Designing freedom into trajectory-based operations
Authors: Kuenz Alexander , Schwoch Gunnar , Korn Bernd
Published: November 2015

Modern flight management systems (FMS) are able to predict highly precise 4D trajectories for complete flights from take-off to touchdown. The generated trajectories take into account aircraft’s performance parameters, altitude-, speed- and time constraints, given procedures, and the expected weather conditions, as forecasted. Based on these trajectories, a traffic scheduler can generate and guarantee conflict-free traffic—as long as every aircraft sticks to the plan. However, even the most accurate trajectory becomes unrealizable when significant disturbances arise that were not foreseeable at prediction time. Uncertainties like imprecise weather forecasts, inaccurate departure times, and issues with delayed passengers influence a direct implementation of pre-planned 4D schedules in practice. If such disturbing events are rare, the overall plan may be adapted. Too many disturbances might ruin the whole schedule though. In the initial planning stage, larger margins increase overall robustness, but obviously also downgrade the possible optimum of the whole system. This article therefore discusses the trade-off between built-in robustness and efficiency. Resilience is added by increasing the separation between trajectories. Assuming that the mandatory distance for guaranteeing safe operations remains constant, the additional separation provides freedom for aircraft following their trajectories.
Observer-based guidance law against maneuvering targets without line-of-sight angular rate information
Authors: He Shaoming , Lin Defu
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a robust observer-based finite-time convergent guidance law to intercept maneuvering targets. To avoid the undesired chattering phenomenon existing in classical sliding mode control, the adaptive super-twisting algorithm is first introduced to design a robust guidance law to drive the line-of-sight (LOS) angular rates to a small region around the origin in finite time. The important feature of the proposed adaptation algorithm is in nonoverestimating the values of the guidance law gains, which is achieved by using a ‘detector’ scheme in the updating law. Moreover, with the proposed adaptive law, the presented guidance law requires no information on target maneuvers. Since the LOS angular rate is difficult for a pursuer to measure accurately for some seekers, a novel adaptive super-twisting observer is proposed to estimate it and a composite guidance law is then synthesized. Detailed finite-time stability analysis and comparison results with other guidance laws demonstrate the superiority of the proposed formulation.
Pour une histoire à l’imparfait du présent : La Dernière Catastrophe d’Henry Rousso
Authors: Bracher Nathan
Published: November 2015

Cet article prend La Dernière Catastrophe : l’histoire, le présent, le contemporain de l’historien français Henry Rousso comme point de départ pour un essai sur le rôle de l’historien et la fonction de l’histoire dans le contexte de ce vingt-et-unième siècle naissant. Écrite par nécessité dans une époque encore et toujours secouée par les soubresauts et cataclysmes – c’est-à-dire les catastrophes, justement – du siècle dernier, l’histoire contemporaine se caractérise par une double « imperfection » : l’inachèvement des événements étudiés et l’implication de l’historien dans l’objet de son étude. Si cette imperfection résulte d’évolutions culturelles relativement récentes (de la fin XIXème siècle), le métier de l’historien du temps présent et la vocation de ses analyses et récits s’inspirent toujours de principes formulés dès la naissance de la discipline dans la Grèce antique et réaffirmés tout le long de son évolution selon les inflexions imposées par les événements et les contextes intellectuels. Or les prétendues « imperfections » se révèlent à la longue une richesse pour une histoire visant non seulement à nous faire mieux vivre et plus loin, comme le veut Nietzsche, mais aussi à répondre aux exigences de l’éthique, comme l’insiste Lévinas.
Why Do South Korea’s Scientists and Engineers Delay Returning Home? Renewed Brain Drain in the New Millennium
Authors: Song Hah Zoong , Song Emily
Published: November 2015

Despite South Korea’s stability and economic prosperity following the 1997 Asian financial crisis, scientists and engineers who have received their doctorates in the US in recent years opt to remain there in larger numbers than previous generations. This article describes the changing nature of the brain drain problem that has continued to plague South Korea during its ascent into a developed economy. A review of the factors that discourage educated, high-quality human capital from returning to South Korea reveals renewed brain drain.
Mapping the Return of Argentine Researchers
Authors: Bayle Paola
Published: November 2015

Since 2003 the Argentine government runs the RAÍCES Programme (Network of Argentine Researchers and Scientists Abroad). This programme has been designed to mitigate the negative effects of the loss of skilled human resources. This study will address one of the main programme results of the RAÍCES Programme: the return of an important group of Argentine researchers who reinserted themselves into the main national agency dedicated to the promotion of scientific research in Argentina, that is, the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET, for its Spanish acronym). We will attempt to draw a map of their repatriation, giving some insights into its structural dynamics and highlighting the characteristics of the returnees using a statistical approach. At the same time, we will link different variables in order to understand different itineraries of returnees in the Argentine university scientific field that help us explain this geography.
The contemporary muscular Christian instrument: A scale developed for contemporary sport
Authors: Meyer Andrew R , Wynveen Christopher J , Gallucci Andrew R
Published: November 2015

Social scientists have conducted quantitative research investigations since at least the early 1980s. However, to date no valid, reliable and objective survey instrument has been developed for sport sociologists to measure important religious ideals in contemporary sport. Historical and theoretical scholarship identifies muscular Christianity as primary to modern sport ideals. Therefore we developed and validated The Contemporary Muscular Christian Instrument, an easily distributable survey that measures the prevalence of muscular Christian values among contemporary participants and consumers of recreation and sport. Our aim in developing this quantitative instrument is to provide social sport scholars a research tool that informs their understanding of these muscular Christian values as they continue to influence notions of sport, recreation, the body, physical activity, and other social indices. This valid and reliable scale allows scholars to examine larger populations and provides data suited to identify differences in levels of the constructs measured, thus allowing researchers and theorists alike to deepen their understanding of the relationship sport and religion have in the globalized social context.
A Culturally Appropriate Self-Management Program for Hispanic Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Low Health Literacy Skills
Authors: Brunk Debra R , Taylor Ann Gill , Clark Myra L. , Williams Ishan C. , Cox Daniel J.
Published: November 2015

Purpose: This study assessed the feasibility of adapting a patient-centered educational intervention for type 2 diabetes (T2D) self-management for a Hispanic population with low health literacy skills. Design: A descriptive qualitative study design and phenomenological analyses were used. Nine Hispanic adults with T2D recruited from a rural community health center participated in an educational program that instructed on low glycemic food choices, meaningful glucose self-monitoring, and physical activity to decrease blood glucose spikes. Participants’ feedback was recorded during four 2-hour focus group sessions. Findings/Results: Participants’ feedback clustered around four themes: information and knowledge, motivation and barriers to change, experiences with new behaviors, and personal responsibility. Discussion/Conclusions: Data support the feasibility of adapting an established health-enhancing approach for promoting self-management of T2D to a low health literacy Spanish-speaking population. Implications for Practice: The findings may help in further development of tools and strategies for improved T2D self-management in the study population.
You Are (Not) Welcome Here
Authors: Grissett Judy Orton , Kaufmann Jodi , Greenberg Daphne , Hilton Krista
Published: November 2015

Although prior research has indicated a relationship between educational climate and educational outcomes, there is a lack of research in this area in adult literacy programs. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to assess the actual and perceived educational climate for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual (LGBT) students at an adult literacy program. Interview data from four heterosexual students, five LGBT students, and three heterosexual teachers were thematically analyzed. Students perceived the educational climate to be one of both comfort and discomfort, and teachers perceived it to be one of only discomfort for LGBT students. Sources of discomfort were twofold: implicit through lack of acceptance and silencing in the curricula, and explicit through actual and perceived harassment. Multiple implications for adult literacy educators and researchers are discussed.
Building Power Between Polarities
Authors: Ventres William B.
Published: November 2015

In this article, I introduce the concept of the space-in-between. This space-in-between is born of the realization that, between the expression of any two polarities (across dimensions such as emotion, thought, geography, and ideology), there exists a philosophical construct useful for framing thinking about practice, research, and managerial relationships in the health professions. Out of this construct emerge practical considerations useful for structuring the conduct of meaningful interpersonal and intercultural interactions. I describe how the idea of a space-in-between developed out of my medical practice, grew as a result of my experiences in international environments. and has found fulfillment in my ongoing work. I explore the application of a space-in-between in public health, medical anthropology, medical ethics, and global health. I review how, as a result of incorporating this space in their daily work, clinicians, educators, researchers, and managers can grow as leaders by sharing the presence that arises from the space-in-between them and the people in the communities they serve.
An adaptive controller for nonlinear flutter suppression and free-play compensation
Authors: Mannarino Andrea , Dowell Earl H , Mantegazza Paolo
Published: November 2015

A technique aimed at neutralizing the presence of free-play effects in a control surface actuation chain is presented. It is based on an adaptive inversion of a function approximating such a nonlinearity. A simple, yet robust, on-line adaptive algorithm is proposed to identify the free-play parameters, i.e. free-play width, the equivalent control stiffness and friction. The procedure is then coupled to an immersion and invariance control law to drastically reduce possible residual closed-loop limit cycle oscillations due to the free-play nonlinearity. Within such a framework, the so chosen compensation technique can be interpreted as a control augmentation, easily extendable to multiple control surfaces. The methodology is then verified on a four-degree-of-freedom airfoil in a transonic regime, characterized by highly nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic loads, producing significant shock motions and large limit cycles, at a relatively high frequency. The presence of both aerodynamic and structural nonlinearities makes such a system bistable, leading to complex responses dependent on the initial conditions and the input used to excite the system. The effective suppression of these auto-induced vibrations becomes even more challenging because the limit cycle oscillations generated by different sources are characterized by differing amplitudes and frequencies.
On noise and the performance benefit of nonblocking collectives
Authors: Widener Patrick M , Levy Scott , Ferreira Kurt B , Hoefler Torsten
Published: November 2015

Relaxed synchronization offers the potential for maintaining application scalability, by allowing many processes to make independent progress when some processes suffer delays. Yet the benefits of this approach for important parallel workloads have not been investigated in detail. In this paper, we use a validated simulation approach to explore the noise-mitigation effects of idealized nonblocking collectives, in workloads where these collectives are a major contributor to total execution time. Although nonblocking collectives are unlikely to provide significant noise mitigation to applications in the low operating system noise environments expected in next-generation high-performance computing systems, we show that they can potentially improve application runtime with respect to other noise types.