bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defective Pt–Ni/graphene nanomaterials by simultaneous or sequential treatments of organometallic precursors by low‐pressure oxygen plasma
Authors: da Silva Pires Mathieu , Haye Emile , Zubiaur Anthony , Job Nathalie , Pireaux Jean‐Jacques , Houssiau Laurent , Busby Yan
Published: March 2019

A strategy to reduce critical raw metals in nanocatalysts is to synthesize nanocomposites based on defective or bimetallic nanoparticles deposition on carbon nanomaterials. Conventional solution‐based methods suffer from the extensive use of solvents and difficult scalability. In this study, defective Pt–Ni nanoparticles are formed on graphene nanoplatelets thanks to an original approach based on simultaneous or sequential low‐temperature oxygen plasma treatments of nickel and platinum acetylacetonates. The two processing conditions produce aggregated Pt–Ni nanoparticles with variable morphologies, size crystallinities, and oxidation states. The materials analytical characterizations show that the sequential treatment promotes small Pt–Ni particle aggregates nucleation, while the simultaneous treatment leads to complex interconnected Pt–Ni‐based phases. Such defective nanoparticles are promising for multiple applications in catalysis and energy.
Is quality of life related to risk of falling, fear of falling, and functional status in patients with hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Buker Nihal , Eraslan Umut , Kitis Ali , Kiter Ahmet Esat , Akkaya Semih , Sutcu Gulsah
Published: March 2019

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between health‐related quality of life and risk of falling, fear of falling, and functional status in patients with hip arthroplasty.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 48 hips of 45 patients who aged between 33 and 79 (53.56 ± 12.50) years and had cementless total hip arthroplasty between 2010 and 2014 were evaluated. Twenty‐seven of the patients participated in the study were female (60.0%) and 18 were male (40.0%). Health‐related quality of life with Nottingham Health Profile, function of the hip joint with Harris Hip Score, risk of falling with Performance‐Oriented Motion Assessment I, and fear of falling with Falls Efficacy Scale were assessed. In addition, chair stand test, 40‐m walk test, stair‐climb test, and single leg stance test were carried out. In analysing the relationships between these parameters, Pearson correlation analysis was employed. The level of significance was considered as p < 0.05.

Results

Among the cases, who were evaluated 87.10 ± 45.22 (22.43–214.71) weeks after the operation, a significant correlation was found between health‐related quality of life and risk of falling, function of hip joint, and functional tests (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The evaluation of the factors related to health‐related quality of life in hip arthroplasty patients may help identify patient needs and guide the rehabilitation process.
Synthesis, stability and insecticidal activity of 2‐arylstilbenes
Authors: Horty Lindsey G , Daeuble John F , Castetter Scott , Olson Monica B , Wessels Frank J , Wang Nick X
Published: March 2019

Background

A chemical scaffold‐hopping approach from known 3‐hydroxyl‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors identified (E/Z)‐2‐arylstilbenes as novel insecticidal hits against two lepidopteran species, Spodoptera exigua and Trichoplusia ni. A structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of the aryl substituents and the E/Z conformations was carried out in an effort to improve insecticidal potency.

Results

A series of (E/Z)‐2‐arylstilbenes was prepared and separated to evaluate their insecticidal potency against lepidopterous species in diet‐feeding assays. The results showed that the (Z)‐2‐arylstilbenes were more active than their corresponding (E)‐isomers, and a stereoselective synthesis was utilized to expand the SAR of the (Z)‐2‐arylstilbenes. (Z)‐4'‐Fluoro‐3′‐methyl‐2‐(2,4‐difluorostyryl)‐4‐fluoro‐5‐methoxy‐1,1′‐biphenyl was the most potent analog in this study with strong activity against S. exigua, T. ni, Helicoverpa zea, Plutella xylostella and Pseudoplusia includens.

Conclusion

The (Z)‐2‐arylstilbenes were found to have strong insecticidal potency against five lepidopteran species. Ultimately, synthetic efforts could not improve insecticidal potency to commercial levels, and a lack of UV stability led to efforts being discontinued. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Eco‐friendly rhamnolipid based fungicides for protection of soybeans from Phytophthora sojae
Authors: Sancheti Ashwin , Ju Lu‐Kwang
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Excessive use of chemical fungicides over the years for plant pathogen control has caused unwanted damage to non‐target organisms and resistance buildup in the target organisms. These harmful effects have prompted the industry to look for more sustainable and eco‐friendly solutions. Rhamnolipid is a naturally occurring surfactant that is biodegradable, relatively innocuous to non‐target species and can effectively lyse zoospores, the life form responsible for the spread of Phytophthora. In this study, rhamnolipid based coatings were developed and evaluated for protection of soybeans from P. sojae zoospores.

RESULTS

Pure (acidic) rhamnolipid, when coated on the soybeans, affects the germination negatively. However, sodium and calcium complexed rhamnolipids do not interfere with germination. Seeds coated with 15–20 mg of developed formulation were planted in soil pots and then subjected to P. sojae infection by simulating flooding conditions and zoospore inoculation. Statistical analysis showed that sodium rhamnolipid based coating significantly improved the germination in presence of P. sojae from 42% to 73% (P = 0.017) while the germination of stress‐free control was 85% (statistically similar to coated seeds, P = 1).

CONCLUSION

Neutralized rhamnolipid can protect soybeans from P. sojae without any negative effect on germination. This work illustrates the strategy to use rhamnolipid as effective fungicide. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Theoretical study of the microhydration of 1‐chloro and 2‐chloro ethanol as a clue for their relative propensity toward dehalogenation
Authors: Petsis George , Salta Zoi , Kosmas Agnie Mylona , Ventura Oscar N.
Published: March 2019

This work reports a computational analysis of hydrogen‐bonded clusters of mono‐, di‐, tri‐, and tetrahydrates of the chlorohydrins CH3CHClOH (1ClEtOH) and CH2ClCH2OH (2ClEtOH). The goal of the study is to assess the role of the water solvent into the facilitation of the initial step for dehalogenation of these compounds, a process of interest in several contexts. Molecular orbital methods (MP2), density functional methods (B3LYP, M06, and ωB97X‐D), and composite model chemistries (CBS‐QB3, G4) were employed to investigate the structure, electronic distribution, and hydrogen‐bonded structure of seven monohydrates, six dihydrates, five trihydrates, and five tetrahydrates of both species. Standard reaction enthalpy and standard Gibbs free reaction energy () were computed for all aggregates with respect to n independent water molecules and with respect to the dimer, trimer, and tetramer of water, respectively, in order to evaluate stability and hydrogen bonding network. The influence of the water chains on the length and vibrational frequencies, especially of the CCl and OH bonds, was evaluated. Hydrogen bonding in the complexes is discussed at length.
Composite interaction tree for simultaneous learning of optimal individualized treatment rules and subgroups
Authors: Qiu Xin , Wang Yuanjia
Published: March 2019

Treatment response heterogeneity has long been observed in patients affected by chronic diseases. Administering an individualized treatment rule (ITR) offers an opportunity to tailor treatment strategies according to patient‐specific characteristics. Overly complex machine learning methods for estimating ITRs may produce treatment rules that have higher benefit but lack transparency and interpretability. In clinical practices, it is desirable to derive a simple and interpretable ITR while maintaining certain optimality that leads to improved benefit in subgroups of patients, if not on the overall sample. In this work, we propose a tree‐based robust learning method to estimate optimal piecewise linear ITRs and identify subgroups of patients with a large benefit. We achieve these goals by simultaneously identifying qualitative and quantitative interactions through a tree model, referred to as the composite interaction tree (CITree). We show that it has improved performance compared to existing methods on both overall sample and subgroups via extensive simulation studies. Lastly, we fit CITree to Research Evaluating the Value of Augmenting Medication with Psychotherapy trial for treating patients with major depressive disorders, where we identified both qualitative and quantitative interactions and subgroups of patients with a large benefit.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective C‐H Bond ortho‐Acetylation and Oxidative Homocoupling of N‐Arylcarbamates
Authors: Dabiri Minoo , Osmani Chiman , Nikbakht Roonak , Movahed Siyavash Kazemi
Published: March 2019

An efficient and straightforward protocol for the regioselective acyloxylation of N‐arylarbamates via Pd‐catalyzed C−H bond functionalization has been demonstrated. The aliphatic and benzoic acid derivatives were used as the acyloxyl source to convert aromatic sp2 C−H bonds into C−O bonds. Additionally, the oxidative homocoupling of N‐arylarbamates were evaluated and gave the corresponding homocoupled products in good yields.
An Efficient Method for Long‐Term Configurational Stabilization of Chiral Tricyclic Dipeptide via Heterocomplexation Approach
Authors: Hu Xiaoyun , Yin Zhongyou , Guo Jianxin , Borovkov Victor , Shan Zixing
Published: March 2019

An efficient and practical strategy has been established to enhance the configurational stability of chiral tricyclic dipeptide, which readily undergoes spontaneous racemization under environmental conditions. Complexation of the chiral dipeptide with racemic diols via non‐covalent interaction results in the corresponding heterocomplexes (HCs), which are able to preserve chirality of the dipeptide as long as 24 months. A nearly quantitative recovery of enantiopure dipeptide and racemic diols was achieved by simple treatment of the HCs with a biphasic system of H2O‐ethyl acetate and subsequent separation from aqueous and organic layers, respectively. This study not only provides a facile and handy method for the configurational stabilization of the chiral dipeptide, but also opens a further prospect for the long‐term chirality preservation of other instable enantiomeric compounds via heterocomplexation approach.
Mechanical Stability of Monolithic Catalysts: The Influence Mechanism of Primer on the Washcoat Adhesion to the Metallic Substrates
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Dongfang
Published: March 2019

The mechanical stability of monolithic catalysts significantly impacts the performance of industrial monolithic reactors, because the washcoat layer usually shows bad adhesion to the substrate. In this paper, to obtain washcoated monolith with high mechanical stability, a modified method is chosen: A primer is introduced first and an alumina slurry coating is further washcoated on FeCrAl alloy foils. Advisable coating compositions are determined and it is found that the calcination of primer has an obviously bad influence on the washcoat adhesion property. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of primer on the washcoat adhesion is discussed. It is speculated that the cross‐linkings between the alumina particles and PEG make the primer disperse homogeneously and connect tightly with the pretreated metallic substrate. When coating the second slurry layer, the dissolution of primer will narrow the gap between the primer and the slurry coating layer, which makes the particles at the primer‐slurry interface connect together, and all of these are conductive to obtain homogeneous and tightness washcoat, showing good adhesion to the metallic substrate.
Growth of Hierarchical MnO2 Nanospike on Three‐Dimensional Carbon Network for Enhancing Rechargeability as High‐rate Alkaline Battery Cathode
Authors: Zhou Lin‐Nan , Zhang Jing‐Xuan , Xu Meng‐Ying , Kuang Wen‐Tao , Liu Hong‐Tao , Li Yong‐Jun
Published: March 2019

MnO2 material has been widely utilized in primary batteries because of its high theoretical capacity, rich resources, and low cost, which, however, does not exhibit satisfactory reversible capacity and cycle life when used as a secondary battery cathode. To upgrade the rechargeability of MnO2 material, we herein fabricated a hierarchical nanocomposite by in‐situ growth of MnO2 nanostructure on carbonized melamine sponge (MnO2/C). The optimized MnO2/C nanostructure consisting of hierarchical nanospikes shows a high reversible capacity of 205 mAh⋅g‐1 at 1 C and retained 96% of its initial capacity after 400 cycles, and even at 5 C (i. e. 1540 mA⋅g‐1), the capacity retention still reaches 90% after 400 cycles, indicative of its remarkable high‐rate cycling stability. This study provides a new avenue for designing high‐rate rechargeable MnO2 cathode and may further advance the development of MnO2‐based secondary batteries.
The Use of Lewis Acids for Repairing Chemoselectivity of the Organocatalyzed Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Reaction
Authors: Fallek Amit , Portnoy Moshe
Published: March 2019

A substantial improvement in the chemoselectivity of the Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman reaction was realized by adding a diimino‐ or diaminopyridine coordination site within the backbone of bis‐imidazole organocatalysts and using Lewis acids situated at this coordination site. The optimal outcome of 90–95% selectivity was achieved by proper matching of the catalyst/additive pair, as well as their respective amount (0.4 equiv. of AgOAc per 1 equiv. of diaminopyridine‐incorporating catalyst).
Creation of DABCO‐Based Amphoteric Ionic Liquid Supported TiO2 Nanoparticles: Execution of Amplified Catalytic Properties on Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of N‐Substituted Pyrroles
Authors: Mondal Priya , Chatterjee Sauvik , Bhaumik Asim , Maity Suvendu , Ghosh Prasanta , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: March 2019

This is the first report of DABCO based amphoteric ionic liquid supported TiO2 nanoparticles, a supported catalyst with an ionic liquid layer (SCILL). It is highly efficient, recyclable, quasi heterogeneous catalyst for microwave assisted solvent free synthesis. Highly polar DABCO based ionic liquid with high dielectric constant of titanium dioxide nanoparticles enables the system as efficient microwave irradiation absorber. Amplified catalytic properties of this new combined green catalytic system have been first time implemented for the chromatography‐free synthesis of highly functionalised pyrrole moieties under microwave assisted solvent‐free conditions. The generation of catalyst and ionic liquid capping over titanium dioxide nanoparticles were characterised via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Powder X‐Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Energy Dispersive Analysis X‐ray (EDAX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR spectra). This combined quasi heterogeneous twin catalytic system, containing both acidic and basic environment afford the desired products in excellent yields within short reaction time. Here, the catalytic effect featuring the synergetic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and amphoteric DABCO based ionic liquid were magnificently tethered.
Thermochromic Behavior of Azobenzene‐based Coordination Polymer with Reversible Breathing Process
Authors: Chen Weijun , Lu Wenxiu , Xie Jieling , Song Lijun , Sa Rongjian , Song Jun‐Ling
Published: March 2019

A multiple stimuli‐responsive coordination polymer, namely, [Zn(H2O)6][Zn4Na2L4(H2O)12](H2O)12 (1) (H3L=5‐(4‐Sulfophenylazo) salicylic acid), was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. It reveals a 2D elastic layer‐structured framework, forming a three‐dimensional (3D) interlinked networks driven by extensive π…π stacking interactions. Removing water molecules by heating or vacuum freeze drying, it not only shows a reversible thermo‐chromism but also exhibits a selective gas absorption and breathing effect. In addition, this material exhibits skeleton stability under reversible dehydration/hydration. The reversible thermochromic behaviour is mainly attributed to the change of the coordination environment of Zn2+ ions during the dehydration/hydration process. Furthermore, the film of 1 on the polylactic acid (PLA) support displayed similar reversible thermochromic behaviour with high sensitivity (large color‐change and rapid response upon cooling or heating), promoting its application in switching fibres and devices, and naked‐eye colorimetric sensor in the future.
On‐Surface Synthesis of 8‐ and 10‐Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Sun Kewei , Ji Penghui , Zhang Junjie , Wang Jinxi , Li Xuechao , Xu Xin , Zhang Haiming , Chi Lifeng
Published: March 2019

Armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) with 8 and 10 carbon atoms in width (8‐ and 10‐AGNRs) are synthesized on Au (111) surfaces via lateral fusion of nanoribbons that belong to different subfamilies. Poly‐para‐phenylene (3‐AGNR) chains are pre‐synthesized as ladder ribbons on Au (111). Subsequently, synthesized 5‐ and 7‐AGNRs can laterally fuse with 3‐AGNRs upon annealing at higher temperature, producing 8‐ and 10‐AGNRs, respectively. The synthetic process, and their geometric and electronic structures are characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). STS investigations reveal the band gap of 10‐AGNR (2.0 ± 0.1 eV) and a large apparent band gap of 8‐AGNRs (2.3 ± 0.1 eV) on Au (111) surface.
Advances in Biological Liquid Crystals
Authors: Zhao Jianguo , Gulan Utku , Horie Takafumi , Ohmura Naoto , Han Jun , Yang Chao , Kong Jie , Wang Steven , Xu Ben Bin
Published: March 2019

Biological liquid crystals, a rich set of soft materials with rod‐like structures widely existing in nature, possess typical lyotropic liquid crystalline phase properties both in vitro (e.g., cellulose, peptides, and protein assemblies) and in vivo (e.g., cellular lipid membrane, packed DNA in bacteria, and aligned fibroblasts). Given the ability to undergo phase transition in response to various stimuli, numerous practices are exercised to spatially arrange biological liquid crystals. Here, a fundamental understanding of interactions between rod‐shaped biological building blocks and their orientational ordering across multiple length scales is addressed. Discussions are made with regard to the dependence of physical properties of nonmotile objects on the first‐order phase transition and the coexistence of multi‐phases in passive liquid crystalline systems. This work also focuses on how the applied physical stimuli drives the reorganization of constituent passive particles for a new steady‐state alignment. A number of recent progresses in the dynamics behaviors of active liquid crystals are presented, and particular attention is given to those self‐propelled animate elements, like the formation of motile topological defects, active turbulence, correlation of orientational ordering, and cellular functions. Finally, future implications and potential applications of the biological liquid crystalline materials are discussed.
Interfacial Assembly of Signal Amplified Multienzymes and Biorecognized Antibody into Proteinosome for an Ultrasensitive Immunoassay
Authors: Yan Xu , Wang Tingting , Yao Dong , Xu Jiayun , Luo Quan , Liu Junqiu
Published: March 2019

Enzyme as signal tag has been widely employed in colorimetric immunoassays for decades. Nevertheless, it remains a great challenge to substantially improve the detection sensitivity of enzyme‐based immunoassays, which inhibits further critical applications. To circumvent this confinement, a multifunctional self‐assembled proteinosome based on the integration of signal amplification elements (enzyme) and biorecognition unit (antibody) is proposed for fabricating an immunoassay strategy with significantly enhanced sensitivity. Owing to the self‐assembly technique, this proteinosome not only efficiently loads abundant enzymes to possess high catalytic activity, but also enhances enzymatic stability and maintains recognition ability of antibody. Using imidacloprid as a model target, the proteinosome‐based immunoassay reaches a limit of detection down to the picogram mL−1 level, which is 150‐fold lower than that of conventional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. This method provides a versatile approach for constructing spherical proteinosome as a recognizer and amplifier for profiling a broad range of target antigen.
Layered Electrodes Based on 3D Hierarchical Porous Carbon and Conducting Polymers for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zeng Shuaibo , Li Xin , Zhong Hai , Chen Shaowei , Mai Yaohua
Published: March 2019

Easy dissolution of polysulfides and low loading of active materials are two major factors that limit the cathode cycling stability and energy density in lithium‐sulfur batteries. Herein, 3D hierarchical carbon with abundant pores is used for sulfur encapsulation (S@DHPC), which achieves a high sulfur content of 74 wt% and high sulfur loading of 5.8 mg cm−2. Importantly, coating the obtained S@DHPC electrode with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conducting polymers is found to effectively impede the diffusion of polysulfide species, leading to marked improvement of the cycling stability of the electrode; and the electrode performance increases with an increasing number of the S@DHPC/PEDOT:PSS layer. For a three‐layer electrode, at a current density of 2 C, it delivers a discharge capacity of 846 mAh g−1 in the first cycle and maintains a capacity of 716 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles, corresponding to a fading rate of only 0.033% cycle−1. Results from this study suggest that layered electrodes can be exploited as a unique electrode architecture for the fabrication of high‐performance lithium‐sulfur batteries.
A Bifunctional Saddle‐Shaped Small Molecule as a Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Material and Interfacial Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lai Xue , Meng Fei , Zhang Qian‐Qian , Wang Kai , Li Gongqiang , Wen Yaping , Ma Haibo , Li Wenhui , Li Xianqiang , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei , Du Mengzhen , Guo Xiao , Wang Jianpu , Huang Wei
Published: March 2019

Herein, a new bifunctional saddle‐shaped organic small molecule named 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N, N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenyl‐aniline)‐α, β‐cycloocta[1,2‐b:4,3‐b′:5,6‐b′:8,7‐b″′]tetrathiophenyl (α, β‐COTh‐Ph‐OMeTAD) is synthesized. When compared with spiro‐OMeTAD, a star hole transporting material (HTM) for highly efficient perovskite solar cells, the new material has a deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of −5.30 eV, and a higher hole mobility of 2.88 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. With dopant‐free α, β‐COTh‐Ph‐OMeTAD as a HTM and an interfacial layer combinined with chlorobenzene (CB) as the anti‐solvent, mesoporous perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated, which exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.22% under AM 1.5 conditions, which is a little higher than that of devices based‐on doped spiro‐OMeTAD under the same conditions, which is 16.83%. Notably, the PSCs devices with dopant‐free α, β‐COTh‐Ph‐OMeTAD as both the HTM and interfacial layer show better stability, and after being stored in dark and dry air without encapsulation for nearly 800 h, the PCE can still be maintained at 86% of the maximum. This opens a new avenue for efficient and stable PSCs by exploring new dopant‐free materials as alternatives to spiro‐OMeTAD.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol on the Surface of Graphene Based Nanocomposites: An Introduction and Review to it in Recent Studies
Authors: Ehsani A. , Heidari A. A. , Asgari R.
Published: March 2019

This review gives an overview of the electrochemical investigations about the properties of various types of graphene composites in the ethanol oxidation. Various routes to provide appropriate graphene‐based materials required electrochemical techniques for investigation of different types of the materials as well as their performance and efficacy in ethanol oxidation are discussed in detail. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the incorporation of suitable materials, e. g. noble metals (graphene‐supported binary and ternary metal nanoparticles), metal oxides, conductive polymer, etc, with graphene results in excellent electrocatalytic activity, superb durability and selectivity in ethanol oxidation. Immobilization of electrocatalytically active NPs on graphene supports using physical approaches is considered as an effective route to prepare direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) anode catalysts.
Electrochemical Performance of Transition Metal‐Coordinated Polypyrrole: A Mini Review
Authors: Xie Yibing
Published: March 2019

The conductive polymer of polypyrrole can be acted as electroactive electrode material of supercapacitor due to reversible redox behavior and high capacitance. It usually suffers from low electrochemical stability due to the breakdown of polymer molecule chain in the long‐term charge and discharge process. The monometallic or bimetallic‐coordinated polypyrrole usually exhibits the improved electrochemical performance. The transition metal ions such as ruthenium, iron, copper and cobalt are adopted for the coordination modification. The transition metal‐coordinated polypyrrole includes the intrachain and interchain coordination structure between transition metal ion and nitrogen atom of pyrrole ring. It is able to reinforce the polymer molecule chain strength to overcome excessive volumetric swelling and shrinking during charge‐discharge process, improving the cycling stability and rate capability of polypyrrole. Accordingly, the transition metal‐coordinated polypyrrole keeps simultaneously high capacitance performance and electrochemical stability, acting as the promising conductive polymer‐based supercapacitor electrode material for effective energy storage.
Harnessing the Power of Video to Increase Classroom Text Discussion Quality
Authors: Matsumura Lindsay Clare , Zook‐Howell Dena , Bickel Donna DiPrima , Walsh Marguerite , Correnti Richard
Published: March 2019

The authors describe a method for integrating video into the work of elementary literacy coaches. Drawing on their research in developing an online application of a successful literacy‐coaching program called Content‐Focused Coaching, the authors describe an approach that coaches can use to reflect with teachers on their video recorded lessons to advance the quality of their classroom text discussions.
Modification of the Baltic Sea wind field by land‐sea interaction
Authors: Svensson Nina , Bergström Hans , Rutgersson Anna , Sahlée Erik
Published: March 2019

The wind and turbulence fields over a small, high‐latitude sea are investigated. These fields are highly influenced by the proximity to the coast, which is never more than 200 km away. Simulations with the WRF model over the Baltic Sea are compared with a simplified, stationary wind model driven by the synoptic forcing. The difference between the models is therefore representative of the mesoscale influence. The results show that the largest wind‐field modifications compared with a neutral atmosphere occur during spring and summer, with a mean monthly increase of up to approximately 1 ms−1 at typical hub heights and upper rotor area (120‐170 m height) in the WRF model. The main reason for this is large‐scale low‐level jets caused by the land‐sea temperature differences, likely increasing in strength due to inertial oscillations. These kind of events can be persistent for approximately 12 hours and cover almost the entire basin, causing wind speed and wind shear to increase considerably. The strongest effect is around 2000 to 2300 local time. Sea breezes and coastal low‐level jets are of less importance, but while sea breezes are mostly detected near the coastline, other types of coastal jets can extend large distances off the coast. During autumn and winter, there are fewer low‐level jet occurrences, but the wind profile cannot be explained by the classical theory of the one‐dimensional model. This indicates that the coastal environment is complex and may be affected by advection from land surfaces to a large degree even when unstable conditions dominate.
A New Fluorescent Probe for Selective Cd2+ Detection and Cell Imaging
Authors: Lin Wenxin , Xie Xiaochun , Wang Yijia , Chen Jianjun
Published: March 2019

A new highly selective fluorescent probe, (E)‐4‐(4‐([2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridin]‐4′‐yl)styryl)‐1‐octadecylpyridin‐1‐ium bromide (ZC‐F8), was designed and synthesized for cadmium detection and cell imaging. The fluorescence spectra of ZC‐F8 exhibited its excellent response towards Cd2+ via intramolecular charge transfer effect and aggregation induced emission effect. The cell‐imaging experiment was carried out to estimate the actual biological application of ZC‐F8. The probe displayed ideal membrane permeable and labeled property for cadmium, indicating its promising application for metal ions detection and tracing in living cells.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on FDI Attractiveness: Romania, Slovakia and Greece in Comparison
Authors: Kasapi Kalliopi , Lampou Andriana , Economakis George , Androulakis George , Zisimopoulos Ioannis
Published: March 2019

The main purpose of this contribution is to evaluate the key macroeconomic factors that may affect inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in Romania, Slovakia, and Greece in the context of European integration. Economic complexity, which depicts the level of economic development, is also examined as a factor that may influence inward FDI. Moreover, the research concentrates on how each country’s trade balance is affected by FDI and how the process of European integration affects external trade. In conclusion, the process of European integration seems to be connected with a general downgrading of all countries as receivers of FDI. Moreover, the effect of FDI on their trade balances is rather vague.
European Imbalances: The Sound and the Fury
Authors: Creel Jérôme
Published: March 2019

As in the novel by William Faulkner, the perspective which is chosen to tell a story or, here, to explain a broad crisis matters a lot. The European crisis is no exception. Different views can explain the growing imbalances in the Eurozone, from the fiscal view to the labour market view. In this chapter, I critically review these separate explanations and highlight the necessity to gather the pieces to understand the full story. So doing, I can discuss the recent reforms (aggregate fiscal stance, productivity boards), the current agenda of reforms (e.g. Eurozone budget) and alternative proposals to enhance Eurozone governance, integration, and future development.
Somatic comorbidity in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Agnafors Sara , Norman Kjellström Anna , Torgerson Jarl , Rusner Marie
Published: March 2019

In the adult population, psychiatric disorders are associated with somatic illness. Explanatory life style factors have been found, but also a failure to recognize somatic illness in this group. Another factor is side effects from long-term use of antipsychotic drugs. Given the psychiatric-somatic comorbidity in the adult population, it is of interest to investigate whether an association exists already during childhood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of somatic illness in children and adolescents with a psychiatric diagnose. Data were obtained from the regional health care database Vega, Sweden. Psychiatric and somatic diagnoses obtained during 2011–2013 for individuals aged 3–18 years were extracted. Descriptive statistics were used to examine difference in somatic morbidity between children with and without psychiatric diagnoses. Logistic regression was used in age-stratified models to test the association between psychiatric and somatic diagnoses. Anxiety and behavioral disorders were associated with all somatic conditions investigated at nearly all ages. The same applied to substance use, investigated at age 9–18 years. Affective disorders were associated with all somatic conditions at age 12–18 years. Psychotic conditions were associated with asthma, bowel disorders and myalgia in adolescents. Children with psychiatric disorders are at remarkably high risk for concurrent somatic illness. The associations span across many types of conditions and across all ages. The results support the need for awareness of somatic morbidity in child and adolescent psychiatric clinical settings, and the need for coordinated health care for children with comorbid states.
Process-Structure-Property Modeling for Severe Plastic Deformation Processes Using Orientation Imaging Microscopy and Data-Driven Techniques
Authors: Fernandez-Zelaia Patxi , Melkote Shreyes N.
Published: March 2019

Machining is a severe plastic deformation process, wherein the workpiece material is subjected to high deformation rates and temperatures. During metal machining, the dynamic recrystallization mechanism causes grain refinement into the sub-micron range. In this study, we investigate the microstructure evolution of oxygen-free high conductivity copper (OFHC Cu) subject to a machining process where the cutting speed and rake angle are controlled to manipulate the process strain, strain rate, and temperatures. Microstructures of the deformed chips are quantified using orientation imaging microscopy and novel statistical descriptors that capture the morphology and local lattice misorientations generated during the several mechanistic stages of the dynamic recrystallization process. Mechanical properties of the resulting chips are quantified using spherical nanoindentation protocols. A multiple output Gaussian process regression model is used to simultaneously model the structure-property evolution, which differs from more common approaches that establish such relationships sequentially. This modeling strategy is particularly attractive since it can flexibly provide both structure and property uncertainty estimates. In addition, the statistical modeling framework allows for the inclusion of multi-fidelity data. The statistical metrics utilized serve as efficient microstructure descriptors, which retain the physics of the observed structures without having to introduce ad hoc microstructure feature definitions.
Diagnosis and Management of Non-Purulent Cellulitis in the Emergency Department
Authors: Yadav Krishan , Rosenberg Hans , Eagles Debra , Suh Kathryn N.
Published: March 2019

A 47-year-old homeless male presents to the emergency department (ED) with right lower extremity swelling, erythema and pain. He has diabetes mellitus, and had one prior episode of cellulitis three months ago affecting the same leg. He has a history of medication noncompliance. At triage, his temperature is 38.3°C but the remaining vital signs are unremarkable. On examination of the affected leg, there is an approximately 10 × 10 cm area of erythema, induration and increased warmth. There is mild tenderness to palpation and you wonder if there is a small degree of fluctuance. There is no lymphangitis, crepitus, necrosis or pain out of proportion to clinical findings.
Standards of Practice in Acute Ischemic Stroke Intervention International Recommendations
Authors: Pierot Laurent , Jarayaman Mahesh , Szikora Istvan , Hirsch Joshua , Baxter Blaise , Miyachi Shigeru , Mahadevan Jeyaledchumy , Chong Winston , Mitchell Peter J. , Coulthard Alan , Rowley Howard A. , Sanelli Pina C. , Tampieri Donatella , Brouwer Patrick , Fiehler Jens , Kocer Naci , Vilela Pedro , Rovira Alex , Fischer Urs , Caso Valeria , van der Wort Bart , Sakai Nobuyuki , Matsumaru Yuji , Yoshimura Shin-ichi , Biscoito Luisa , Pumar Manuel , Diaz Orlando , Fraser Justin , Lifante Italo , Liebeskind David S. , Nogueira Raul G. , Hacke Werner , Brainin Michael , Yan Bernard , Soderman Michael , Taylor Allan , Pongpech Sirintara , Terbrugge Karel
Published: March 2019

After five positive randomized controlled trials showed benefit of mechanical thrombectomy in the management of acute ischemic stroke with emergent large-vessel occlusion, a multi-society meeting was organized during the 17th Congress of the World Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology in October 2017 in Budapest, Hungary. This multi-society meeting was dedicated to establish standards of practice in acute ischemic stroke intervention aiming for a consensus on the minimum requirements for centers providing such treatment. In an ideal situation, all patients would be treated at a center offering a full spectrum of neuroendovascular care (a level 1 center). However, for geographical reasons, some patients are unable to reach such a center in a reasonable period of time. With this in mind, the group paid special attention to define recommendations on the prerequisites of organizing stroke centers providing medical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke, but not for other neurovascular diseases (level 2 centers). Finally, some centers will have a stroke unit and offer intravenous thrombolysis, but not any endovascular stroke therapy (level 3 centers). Together, these level 1, 2, and 3 centers form a complete stroke system of care. The multi-society group provides recommendations and a framework for the development of medical thrombectomy services worldwide.
From Metropole to Margin in UNESCO’s General History of Africa – Documents of Historiographical Decolonization in Paris and Ibadan
Authors: Schulte Nordholt Larissa
Published: March 2019

This archival research report details the uses and disuses of UNESCO’s Paris archives of its General History of Africa. By looking in detail at what African historians have been doing as well as writing, we can reach a better understanding of the reality of African history writing in the immediate postcolonial era. That means taking into account the complexity of the archive; and using J.F. Ade-Ajayi’s archive in Ibadan as an example we can see that the vast Paris collection of material relating to the writing of the General History of Africa is complemented by documents scattered across different archives.
SYMMETRIC ITINERARY SETS: ALGORITHMS AND NONLINEAR EXAMPLES
Authors: HARDING BRENDAN
Published: March 2019

We describe how to approximate fractal transformations generated by a one-parameter family of dynamical systems $W:[0,1]\rightarrow [0,1]$ constructed from a pair of monotone increasing diffeomorphisms $W_{i}$ such that $W_{i}^{-1}:[0,1]\rightarrow [0,1]$ for $i=0,1$. An algorithm is provided for determining the unique parameter value such that the closure of the symbolic attractor $\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}}$ is symmetrical. Several examples are given, one in which the $W_{i}$ are affine and two in which the $W_{i}$ are nonlinear. Applications to digital imaging are also discussed.
Factors associated with acquisition of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci during a single-strain outbreak
Authors: Deboscker S. , Schneider P. , Séverac F. , Ménard C. , Gaudart J. , Lavigne T. , Meyer N.
Published: March 2019

The aim of our study was to describe and to investigate the factors associated with glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE) acquisition during a single-strain outbreak which occurred in several wards of hospital from September 2013 to January 2014. We designed a case–control study. Analyses were performed using Bayesian methods. Univariate logistic regressions with informative priors from published studies were conducted. A multivariate model was build including variables with a probability of odd-ratio exceeding one (Pr) >85% or <15%. Thirteen cases and 52 controls were recruited. The description of this outbreak highlighted the importance to quickly detect patients at risk of GRE carriage in order to implement the isolation measures and to transfer to dedicated department if they are effectively carriers. Following multivariate analysis, antibiotics during hospitalisation (Pr = 0.968), number of hospitalisation days in the year (Pr = 0.964), antacids intake (Pr = 0.878) (with a risk increase), immunosuppression (Pr = 0.026) and isolation measures (Pr = 0.003) (both with protective effect) were associated with GRE acquisition. The use of Bayesian statistics was useful because of our study's small population size and prior information availability.
Development of predictive nomograms for clinical use to quantify the risk of isolating resistance prone organisms in patients with infected foot ulcers
Authors: Farkas A. , Lin F. , Bui K. , Liu F. , An G. L. , Pakholskiy A. , Stavropoulos C. F. , Lantis J. C. , Yassin A.
Published: March 2019

Pseudomonas aeruginosaand methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) have been considered prevalent pathogens in foot infections. However, whether empiric therapy directed against these organisms is necessary, and in whom to consider treatment, is rather unclear. The aim of this study was to develop predictive algorithms for forecasting the probability of isolating these organisms in the infected wounds of patients in a population where the prevalence of resistant pathogens is low. This was a retrospective study of regression model-based risk factor analysis that included 140 patients who presented with infected, culture positive foot ulcers to two urban hospitals. A total of 307 bacteria were identified, most frequently MRSA (11.1%).P. aeruginosaprevalence was 6.5%. In the multivariable analysis, amputation (odds ratio (OR) 5.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–27.63), renal disease (OR 5.46, 95% CI 1.43–25.16) and gangrene (OR 2.78, 95% CI 0.82–9.59) were identified as risk factors associated with higher while diabetes (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01–0.34) and Infectious Diseases Society of America infection severity >3 (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.03–0.65) were associated with lower odds ofP. aeruginosaisolation (Cstatistic 0.81). Similar analysis for MRSA showed that amputation was associated with significantly lower (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.79) risk, while history of MRSA infection (OR 5.63, 95% CI 1.56–20.63) and osteomyelitis (OR 2.523, 95% CI 1.00–6.79) was associated with higher odds of isolation (Cstatistic 0.69). We developed two predictive nomograms with reasonable to strong ability to discriminate between patients who were likely of being infected withP. aeruginosaor MRSA and those who were not. These analyses confirm the association of some, but also question the significance of other frequently described risk factors in predicting the isolation of these organisms.
The basic valency orientation of Old English and the causativeja-formation: a synchronic and diachronic approach
Authors: GARCÍA GARCÍA LUISA
Published: March 2019

The basic valency orientation of Old English has been addressed in a number of studies, without any consensus emerging so far. From a synchronic point of view, a key question is whether the pronounced tendency to labile coding in Present-day English can be traced back to the Old English period. In order to give a convincing answer, this article examines from a synchronic and diachronic point of view two of the procedures by which the basic valency of Old English has been assessed: computation of verbs and evaluation of the causativeja-formation. Concerning the former, it shows that the valency of whole verb classes in Old English is determined by previous processes of morphophonetic merger and cannot therefore be used as evidence for labilisation processes (transitivisation or detransitivation) taking place in OE itself. With respect to the latter, the article assesses whether the causativeja-formation is still a transitivising operation in Old English by examining the valency of all causativeja-pairs and incorporating recent research on the effectiveness of sound alternations as morphological markers. This article concludes that it is not, as it does not consistently signal an increase in valency. Rather, a tendency to labile coding is detected. In this respect, the article supports, with more conclusive evidence, previous research which advanced the same hypothesis.
Die saure Patientin
Authors: Oestmann Andreas , Stöppler Annika
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten über eine 75-jährige Patientin mit einer metabolischen Azidose mit erhöhter Anionenlücke. Die Abklärung ergab eine Pyroglutamatazidose, bedingt durch eine Behandlung mit Paracetamol in therapeutischer Dosierung bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen weiterer Risikofaktoren wie Mangelernährung, Alkoholkonsum, Niereninsuffizienz, Hepatopathie und weibliches Geschlecht. Nach Sistieren des Paracetamols und Verabreichung von Bicarbonat und N-Acetylcystein wurde eine rasche klinische und laboranalytische Besserung erreicht.
PIRATA: A Sustained Observing System for Tropical Atlantic Climate Research and Forecasting
Authors: Bourlès Bernard , Araujo Moacyr , McPhaden Michael J. , Brandt Peter , Foltz Gregory R. , Lumpkin Rick , Giordani Hervé , Hernandez Fabrice , Lefèvre Nathalie , Nobre Paulo , Campos Edmo , Saravanan Ramalingam , Trotte‐Duhà Janice , Dengler Marcus , Hahn Johannes , Hummels Rebecca , Lübbecke Joke F. , Rouault Mathieu , Cotrim Leticia , Sutton Adrienne , Jochum Markus , Perez Renellys C.
Published: March 2019

Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) is a multinational program initiated in 1997 in the tropical Atlantic to improve our understanding and ability to predict ocean‐atmosphere variability. PIRATA consists of a network of moored buoys providing meteorological and oceanographic data transmitted in real time to address fundamental scientific questions as well as societal needs. The network is maintained through dedicated yearly cruises, which allow for extensive complementary shipboard measurements and provide platforms for deployment of other components of the Tropical Atlantic Observing System. This paper describes network enhancements, scientific accomplishments and successes obtained from the last 10 years of observations, and additional results enabled by cooperation with other national and international programs. Capacity building activities and the role of PIRATA in a future Tropical Atlantic Observing System that is presently being optimized are also described.
Crystal Mush Flow in Small Concentrically Expanded Pluton (Castle Crags Pluton; Klamath Mountains, CA, USA)
Authors: Machek Matěj , Závada Prokop , Roxerová Zuzana , Petrovský Eduard , Špičák Aleš , Kusbach Vladimír
Published: March 2019

Understanding of the processes of magmatic fabric formation in crystal‐rich magmas and their reflection in rock magnetic properties are important for understanding pluton formation and intrusion mechanisms. On the example of small concentrically zoned Castle Crags pluton in the Klamath Mountains (CA, USA) we provide reconstruction of the flow/deformation mechanisms of the crystal‐rich magma and pluton growth based on detailed structural mapping and microstructural analysis employing the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, microstructural analysis, and crystallographic preferred orientation. Our study reveal microstructural evidence for progressive development of magmatic textures in the pluton core transitioning to submagmatic and eventually subsolidus fabric at the pluton periphery, that is interpreted in terms of the flow/deformation of the crystal mush. The documented magmatic textures are linked to anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility parameters and orientation. The recorded anomalous degree of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility found in the pluton is attributed to tiling and plastic deformation of magnetite grains by the surrounding phenocrysts. The concentric structure of the pluton resulted from horizontal compaction and margin parallel stretching of the dense crystal mush around the vertically intruding trondhjemite magma in the pluton core. The Castle Crags pluton is interpreted as a concentrically expanded pluton, which grew at least by two increments of granodiorite and trondhjemite magma emplacement.