bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synchronized electrochemical detection of hydroquinone and catechol in real water samples using a Co@SnO2–polyaniline composite
Authors: Saleem Qasar , Shahid Sammia , Javed Mohsin , Iqbal Shahid , Rahim Abdur , Mansoor Sana , Bahadur Ali , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A. , Almufarij Rasmiah S. , Elkaeed Eslam B.
Published: March 2023

The sensors are effectively used in the determination of Hq and Cat in a real water sample.
Multi-enzyme catalysed processes using purified and whole-cell biocatalysts towards a 1,3,4-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline
Authors: Weber Douglas , de Souza Bastos Lucas , Winkler Margit , Ni Yeke , Aliev Abil E. , Hailes Helen C. , Rother Doerte
Published: March 2023

In this work, two multi-enzyme catalysed processes to access a 1,3,4-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ), using either purified enzymes or lyophilised whole-cell catalysts, are presented.
Enhanced lignin depolymerisation to produce butylated hydroxytoluene and 4-propylguaiacol on carbon-nitride supported molybdenum catalysts
Authors: Wu Zhen , Bai Hongli , Ji Yifan , Wang Tao , Zhao Zihe , Jiang Yetao , Wang Xiaoyu , Xu Jiaxing , He Aiyong , Chen Sheng , Hu Lei
Published: March 2023

Carbon nitride-supported molybdenum catalyst was synthesised for the enhancement of lignin conversion to butylated hydroxytoluene and 4-propylguaiacol.
A cobalt–manganese modified theophrastite phase of nickel hydroxide nanoflower arrays on nickel foam as a self-standing bifunctional electrode for overall water electrolysis
Authors: Kharabe Geeta Pandurang , Illathvalappil Rajith , Barik Sidharth , Kanheerampockil Fayis , Walko Priyanka S. , Bhat Suresh K. , Devi R. Nandini , Kurungot Sreekumar
Published: March 2023

Alkaline water electrolysis for green H2 production using nanoflower arrays of ternary metal hydroxides ((Co0.3Mn0.1Ni0.6)(OH)2/NF) as a self-standing bi-functional catalyst.
2D titanium catecholate metal–organic frameworks with tunable gas adsorption and ionic conductivity
Authors: Li Yueting , Liu Huanyu , Dai Lu , Wang Changli , Lv Jianning , Meng Xiangjian , Dong Anwang , Wang Bo , Li Pengfei
Published: March 2023

The CO2 uptake and ion conductivity of 2D Ti-catecholate metal–organic frameworks show an increasing trend when varying the counter ions.
Accelerating bone regeneration in cranial defects using an injectable organic–inorganic composite hydrogel
Authors: Bian Qiao , Guo Chao , Cui Shuquan , Liu Jia , Xu Guohua , Feng Wei
Published: March 2023

An injectable organic–inorganic composite hydrogel with sol–gel transition was developed and applied in bone regeneration. The SIM/(Sr/β-TCP)/PCLA–PEG–PCLA composite hydrogel showed superior performance for bone repair in cranial defects.
Covalent functionalization of tin disulfide with porphyrin for ultrafast optical limiting
Authors: Wei Zhiyuan , Fang Yan , Li Hui , Guan Zihao , Shan Naying , Liu Fang , Zhao Yang , Fu Lulu , Huang Zhipeng , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi
Published: March 2023

A covalently-linked SnS2–Por nanohybrid with enhanced optical limiting performance is reported. The boost in optical limiting can be attributed to the effective charge transfer between the SnS2 nanosheets and the grafted porphyrin moieties.
Reversible Zn2+/Al3+intercalation in niobium-substituted polyoxometalates and demonstration of energy storage smart windows
Authors: Feng Tong , Guo Huili , Xing Xiaoxiao , Bai Yan , Dang Dongbin , Zhao Weizhen
Published: March 2023

A non-aqueous Zn2+/Al3+electrolyte was used for P2W15Nb3–TiO2films that can significantly enhance the electrochromic performance and charge capacity.
How animal models can be utilized to find new biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Shimosawa Tatsuo
Published: March 2023

It has been more than 60 years since the colonized genetic model of hypertension was first established. Model animals contribute greatly to the advance of understanding of the pathophysiology and development of effective therapy. In this review, the author focuses on two points: gene-related biomarkers and the use of humanized mice to search for biomarkers. First, the author provides an overview of the history of the establishment of hypertension and salt-sensitivity model rats, as well as advances in genetic analysis of causative genes of hypertension and the theory of renal causes of salt-sensitive hypertension. The recent animal model analysis adds the notion of the importance of epigenetic alterations in addition to the genetic causes of hypertension. Both germline mutations and epigenetic analysis of congenic animal models are complementary and should carry out furtherly. Among epigenetic factors, non-coding RNA is a promising new ‘liquid biopsy’ which is originally applied to diagnose cancers by detecting cancer cell-derived DNA, RNA, or other molecules in a person’s body fluid and now it can be applied to any pathophysiological conditions. Then, the author reviews the usefulness of humanized mice. Few studies have used such mice in cardiovascular research, but the present study highlights a study of immune-related disease and the search for biomarkers in such mice. Perspectives on using humanized mice in cardiovascular research are discussed.
Consensus control of semi‐Markov jump topology multiple direct‐drive motion system
Authors: Qiu Li , Yu Junjie , Monirul Islam Md , Liu Chengxiang , Wu Zongze
Published: March 2023

Random jump of network communication topology challenges the tracking accuracy of linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) system. This paper studies the pilot‐following consensus control of the multiple direct‐drive motion system (MDDMS) with semi‐Markov jump topology. The mathematical model of LSRM is constructed and the multi‐phase excitation strategy is studied. The directed graph is used to model the information transmission among the leaders and follower, and a new mechanism consensus based on previous states is provided. A consensus system based on semi‐Markov jump topology is constructed and the problem of consensus is shifted into a problem of stability analysis. A sufficient condition for consensus problem is obtained by using semi‐Markov switching system theory and graph theory. The MDDMS achieves consensus in the form of exponential convergence under the designed consensus controller. Several groups of simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed consensus control method.
Multiple harmonic sources identification including inverter‐based distributed generations using empirical Fourier decomposition
Authors: Motlagh Shayan Z. T. , Akbari Foroud Asghar
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes an intelligent approach based on the empirical Fourier decomposition (EFD) to identify harmonic sources at the point of common coupling (PCC) when different inverter‐based distributed generations (DGs) like microturbine (MT), battery energy storage system (BESS), photovoltaic (PV), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), wind turbine with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), and doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine are presented. In order to decrease memory storage and computational burden, strife feature selection is used. Applying just voltage signals consumes less processing time and decreases measurement devices. Moreover, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) as the optimizer of the parameters of the support vector machine (SVM) classifier is used. Consequently, the results from the proposed method can be helpful for both engineers and researchers to plan and develop a better strategy to mitigate harmonic distortion.
AT 2020wey and the class of faint and fast tidal disruption events
Authors: Charalampopoulos P. , Pursiainen M. , Leloudas G. , Arcavi I. , Newsome M. , Schulze S. , Burke J. , Nicholl M.
Published: March 2023

We present an analysis of the optical and ultraviolet properties of AT 2020wey, a faint and fast tidal disruption event (TDE) at 124.3 Mpc. The light curve of the object peaked at an absolute magnitude of Mg = −17.45 ± 0.08 mag and a maximum bolometric luminosity of Lpeak = (8.74 ± 0.69)×1042 erg s−1, making it comparable to iPTF16fnl, the faintest TDE to date. The time from the last non-detection to the g-band peak is 23 ± 2 days, and the rise is well described by L ∝ t1.80 ± 0.22. The decline of the bolometric light curve is described by a sharp exponential decay steeper than the canonical t−5/3 power law, making AT 2020wey the fastest declining TDE to date. The multi-band light curve analysis shows first a slowly declining blackbody temperature of TBB ∼ 20 000 K around the peak brightness followed by a gradual temperature increase. The blackbody photosphere is found to expand at a constant velocity (∼1300 km s−1) to a value of RBB ∼ 3.5 × 1014 cm before contracting rapidly. Multi-wavelength fits to the light curve indicate a complete disruption of a star of M⋆ = 0.11−0.02+0.05 M⊙ by a black hole of MBH = 106.46−0.09+0.09 M⊙. Our spectroscopic dataset reveals broad (∼104 km s−1) Balmer and He II 4686 Å lines, with Hα reaching its peak with a lag of ∼8.2 days compared to the continuum. In contrast to previous faint and fast TDEs, there are no obvious Bowen fluorescence lines in the spectra of AT 2020wey. There is a strong correlation between the MOSFIT-derived black hole masses of TDEs and their decline rate. However, AT 2020wey is an outlier in this correlation, which could indicate that its fast early decline may be dictated by a different physical mechanism than fallback. After performing a volumetric correction to a sample of 30 TDEs observed between 2018 and 2020, we conclude that faint TDEs are not rare by nature; they should constitute up to ∼50–60% of the entire population and their numbers could alleviate some of the tension between the observed and theoretical TDE rate estimates. We calculate the optical TDE luminosity function and we find a steep power-law relation dN/dLg ∝ Lg−2.36±0.16.
Multi-wavelength spectroscopic study of shock-driven phenomena in explosive outbursts in symbiotic-like recurrent novae with an emphasis on RS Ophiuchi
Authors: Azzollini Alessandra , Shore Steven N. , Kuin Paul , Page Kim L.
Published: March 2023

Aims. Our goal is to detail the development of RS Ophiuchi and the other Galactic symbiotic-like recurrent novae throughout their outburst and quiescence, with a particular emphasis on the propagation of the shock wave during the outburst of the binaries.

Methods. The spectral analysis has been performed using archival data according to the features of the individual datasets. Swift grism spectra were reduced and extracted using a combination of the pre-existing UVOTPY Python routine and newly written pipelines in Matlab. Other datasets were directly available in reduced form, already corrected for instrumental or background contamination, and calibrated in wavelength and flux or intensity. The work on these was done through pipelines suited for reading the data and elaborating them to extract quantities of interest for the analysis.

Results. We find striking similarities in different outbursts of the same object and for different novae. For example, RS Oph 2021 was almost identical to the 2006 outburst, despite having occurred at a different orbital phase with the observations made from a different line of sight through the red giant wind. Despite the intrinsically different properties of the binaries, striking similarities are found for different systems of the same class, for instance, the trend of the electron density over time during outburst appears to follow a general temporal development.
Toward nebular spectral modeling of magnetar-powered supernovae
Authors: Omand C. M. B. , Jerkstrand A.
Published: March 2023

Context. Many energetic supernovae (SNe) are thought to be powered by the rotational energy of a highly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron star. The emission from the associated luminous pulsar wind nebula (PWN) can photoionize the SN ejecta, leading to a nebular spectrum of the ejecta with signatures that might reveal the PWN. SN 2012au is hypothesized to be one such SN.

Aims. We investigate the impact of different ejecta and PWN parameters on the SN nebular spectrum, and test whether any photoionization models are consistent with SN 2012au. We study how constraints from the nebular phase can be linked into modeling of the diffusion phase and the radio emission of the magnetar.

Methods. We present a suite of late-time (1–6 yr) spectral simulations of SN ejecta powered by an inner PWN. Over a large grid of one-zone models, we study the behavior of the physical state and line emission of the SN as the PWN luminosity (LPWN), the injected spectral energy distribution (SED) temperature (TPWN), the ejecta mass (Mej), and the composition (pure O or realistic) vary. We discuss the resulting emission in the context of the observed behavior of SN 2012au, a strong candidate for a PWN-powered SN. We used optical light-curve models and broadband PWN models to predict possible radio emission from SN 2012au.

Results. The SN nebular spectrum varies as TPWN varies because the ejecta become less ionized as TPWN increases. Ejecta models with low mass and high PWN power obtain runaway ionization for O I, and in extreme cases, also O II, causing a sharp decrease in their ion fraction over a small change in the parameter space. Certain models can reproduce the oxygen line luminosities of SN 2012au reasonably well at individual epochs, but we find no model that fits over the whole time evolution. This is likely due to uncertainties and simplifications in the model setup. Using our derived constraints from the nebular phase, we predict that the magnetar powering SN 2012au had an initial rotation period ~15 ms, and it is expected to be a strong radio source (F > 100 μJy) for decades.
Dynamics of intermediate mass black holes in globular clusters
Authors: Di Cintio Pierfrancesco , Pasquato Mario , Barbieri Luca , Trani Alessandro A. , di Carlo Ugo N.
Published: March 2023

Context. We recently introduced a new method for simulating collisional gravitational N-body systems with approximately linear time scaling with N. Our method is based on the multi-particle collision (MPC) scheme, previously applied in fluid dynamics and plasma physics. We were able to simulate globular clusters with a realistic number of stellar particles (at least up to several times 106) on a standard workstation.

Aims. We simulated clusters hosting an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH), probing a broad range of BH-cluster and BH–average-star mass ratios, unrestricted by the computational constraints that affect direct N-body codes.

Methods. We set up a grid of hybrid particle-in-cell-MPC N-body simulations using our implementation of the MPC method, MPCDSS. We used either single mass models or models with a Salpeter mass function (a single power law with an exponent of −2.35), with the IMBH initially sitting at the centre. The force exerted by and on the IMBH was evaluated with a direct sum scheme with or without softening. For all simulations we measured the evolution of the Lagrangian radii and core density and velocity dispersion over time. In addition, we also measured the evolution of the velocity anisotropy profiles.

Results. We find that models with an IMBH undergo core collapse at earlier times, the larger the IMBH mass the shallower they are, with an approximately constant central density at core collapse. The presence of an IMBH tends to lower the central velocity dispersion. These results hold independently of the mass function of the model. For the models with Salpeter MF, we observed that equipartition of kinetic energies is never achieved, even long after core collapse. Orbital anisotropy at large radii appears to be driven by energetic escapers on radial orbits, triggered by strong collisions with the IMBH in the core. We measured the wander radius, that is the distance of the IMBH from the centre of mass of the parent system over time, finding that its distribution has positive kurtosis.

Conclusions. Among the results we obtained, which mostly confirm or extend previously known trends that had been established over the range of parameters accessible to direct N-body simulations, we underline that the leptokurtic nature of the IMBH wander radius distribution might lead to IMBHs presenting as off-centre more frequently than expected, with implications on observational IMBH detection.
Discussion on variety of cross-section candidate obtained by cross-section adjustment method
Authors: Odani Sohei , Takeda Satoshi , Kitada Takanori
Published: March 2023

The cross-section adjustment method gives only one best-estimated cross-section set based on Bayesian theory. In this study, cross-section sets other than the best-estimated set were discussed. The cross-section sets were obtained by the random sampling method using a covariance matrix adjusted by the cross-section adjustment method. 1,000,000 cross-section sets were obtained by the random sampling method. From these cross-section sets, significant cross-section sets other than the best-estimated set were considered. 593,340 cross-section sets that accurately evaluate nuclear characteristics were obtained. The result of the cross-section adjustment method shows that the change due to U235 χ is the largest positive. However, keff is not changed to the positive side by U235 χ in 179,994 of the 593,340 cross-section sets obtained by the random sampling method. Although the best-estimated cross-section set is obtained by the cross-section adjustment method, the result suggests there are various candidates for the adjusted cross-section set.
Covariance of resonance parameters ascribed to systematic uncertainties in experiments
Authors: Endo Shunsuke , Kimura Atsushi , Nakamura Shoji , Iwamoto Osamu , Iwamoto Nobuyuki , Rovira Gerard
Published: March 2023

In resonance analyses, experimental uncertainties affect the accuracy of resonance parameters. The resonance analysis code REFIT can consider the statistical uncertainty of the experimental data when evaluating the resonance parameter uncertainty. However, since the systematic uncertainties are not independent at each measured energy, they must be treated differently from the statistical uncertainty. In the present study, we developed a new method to incorporate the systematic uncertainty coming from sample thickness into the uncertainty of resonance parameters. We applied this method to transmission of natural zinc measured at ANNRI of MLF in J-PARC and derived the systematic uncertainty of resonance parameters. We found that some of resonance parameters have larger systematic uncertainties than the statistical ones.
Fast-neutron capture cross section data measurement of minor actinides for development of nuclear transmutation systems
Authors: Katabuchi Tatsuya , Iwamoto Osamu , Hori Jun-ich , Kimura Atsushi , Iwamoto Nobuyuki , Nakamura Shoji , Rovira Gerard , Endo Shunsuke , Shibahara Yuji , Terada Kazushi , Kodama Yu , Nakano Hideto , Sato Yaoki , Matsuura Shota
Published: March 2023

The neutron capture cross sections of 237Np, 243Am and 241Am in the keV energy region were measured by the time-of-flight method at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). Characterization of the minor actinide samples were made to reduce the uncertainties of the cross section. A neutron beam filter system was developed and installed in ANNRI to solve the double-bunch mode issue of J-PARC. The pulse-height weighting technique was employed to determine the neutron capture cross sections. The neutron capture cross sections of 237Np, 243Am and 241Am were determined with higher accuracies than the past experiments.
Covariances and parameter confidence intervals from light-element R-matrix evaluations
Authors: Paris Mark , Hale Gerald
Published: March 2023

R-matrix parameter covariances for light elements with A 16 are calculated within the Wigner-Eisenbud multichannel unitary R-matrix theory. We review the theoretical foundation, numerical approach, and determination of the parameter covariances within this approach. We derive the relation between the parameter variance, as the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix, and the parameter confidence interval based upon the chi-squared distribution. Cross section covariances computed from the parameter confidence intervals are calculated for several compound systems and discussed.
Similarity evaluation between neutron multiplication factors and nuclide inventories during nuclear fuel burnup
Authors: Harada Hiroki , Chiba Go
Published: March 2023

There are several different types of the integral data of nuclear fission systems, and the accuracy of the numerical predictions of them are related with each other via the nuclear data commonly used in the numerical simulations. Thus, it is sometimes possible that measurement data of one type of the integral data are used to improve the prediction accuracy of the different type of the integral data. To quantitatively evaluate such possibility, the similarity of the different types of the integral data is important. In this study, we quantitatively evaluate the similarity between neutron multiplication factors and nuclide inventories during nuclear fuel burnup from the viewpoint of the nuclear data uncertainties using the representativity factors. Using the Burner module of the CBZ reactor physics code system for fuel pin-cell burnup problems, we calculated the sensitivity of the neutron infinite multiplication factors and the inventories of the 17 actinoids at several fuel burnup points. The neutron multiplication factor during the fuel burnup was considered the target parameter for which the prediction accuracy is improved, and the degree of similarity of the nuclide inventory data during burnup to the target was quantitatively evaluated using the representative factor. Subsequently, multiple nuclide inventory data were combined using the concept of the extended bias factor method to create a fictitious parameter, and we investigated how much this fictitious parameter can increase the representativity factor for the target parameter. As a result, the representativity factor for the target parameters could be increased to more than 0.8 using some nuclide inventory data, and up to 0.92 depending on the burnup, even taking into consideration the measurement error.
Uncertainty estimation in neutron TOF measurements with ANNRI
Authors: Kimura Atsushi , Nakamura Shoji , Endo Shunsuke
Published: March 2023

To improve data accuracy of neutron-capture and total cross sections of minor actinides and long-lived fission products, the time-of-flight experimental instrument named ”Accurate Neutron-Nucleus Reaction measurement Instrument” was constructed, and neutron time-of-flight experiments have been performed with an intense pulsed-neutron beam at MLF in J-PARC. Detailed analysis methods and deduced uncertainties for capture and total cross-section measurements are presented using an example of the experiments of 243Am. The deduced uncertainties are categorized into five types.
Uncertainty evaluation of peak energy of giant dipole resonance propagated from uncertainty of parameters of effective interaction
Authors: Inakura Tsunenori
Published: March 2023

We evaluate uncertainty of giant dipole resonance (GDR) peak energy propagated from the uncertainty of effective interaction parameter. The Monte Carlo calculation of microscopic random phase approximation using randomized parameter sets is performed. Under the condition that correlations between the parameters are considered, the calculated GDR peak energy has an uncertainty of ∼1 MeV irrespective of nuclear mass and is strongly correlated with the parameters, in the present calculations. Our result serves as a guide for a new parametrization of effective interaction.
Genetic diversity management of sculpin (Cottus spp.) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Cairault Alban , Schulz Ralf
Published: March 2023

Protected areas can make an important contribution to the conservation of genetic diversity in the current biodiversity crisis. We have examined two representative freshwater fish taxa, Cottus spp. and Salmo trutta, in 15 midmountain headwaters of the Franco-German Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve in Central Europe to facilitate freshwater genetic diversity protection. Population genetic analyses of microsatellites and mtDNA showed lower genetic diversity, but distinctly differentiated genetic structure in Cottus spp., and higher diversity, but less differentiated structure in Salmo trutta. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA designated most sculpin to Cottus gobio, but also identified the first known population of Cottus rhenanus in the region. In addition to species-specific recommendations, we derived stream-specific guidance in an attempt to make optimal use of the combined genetic information on both taxa for habitat-oriented management prioritization and improved conservation of freshwater genetic diversity.
Efficient inequality-preserving integrators for differential equations satisfying forward Euler conditions
Authors: Zhang Hong , Qian Xu , Xia Jun , Song Songhe
Published: March 2023

Developing explicit, high-order accurate, and stable algorithms for nonlinear differential equations remains an exceedingly difficult task. In this work, a systematic approach is proposed to develop high-order, large time-stepping schemes that can preserve inequality structures shared by a class of differential equations satisfying forward Euler conditions. Strong-stability-preserving (SSP) methods are popular and effective for solving equations of this type. However, few methods can deal with the situation when the time-step size is larger than that allowed by SSP methods. By adopting time-step-dependent stabilization and taking advantage of integrating factor methods in the Shu–Osher form, we propose enforcing the inequality structure preservation by approximating the exponential function using a novel recurrent approximation without harming the convergence. We define sufficient conditions for the obtained parametric Runge–Kutta (pRK) schemes to preserve inequality structures for any time-step size, namely, the underlying Shu–Osher coefficients are non-negative. To remove the requirement of a large stabilization term caused by stiff linear operators, we further develop inequality-preserving parametric integrating factor Runge–Kutta (pIFRK) schemes by incorporating the pRK with an integrating factor related to the stiff term, and enforcing the non-decreasing of abscissas. The only free parameter can be determined a priori based on the SSP coefficient, the time-step size, and the forward Euler condition. We demonstrate that the parametric methods developed here offer an effective and unified approach to study problems that satisfy forward Euler conditions, and cover a wide range of well-known models. Finally, numerical experiments reflect the high-order accuracy, efficiency, and inequality-preserving properties of the proposed schemes.
Biodégradabilité des plastiques biosourcés : revue bibliographique sur l’acide polylactique
Authors: Lors Christine , Leleux Pauline , Park Chung-Hae
Published: March 2023

Le développement de plastiques biosourcés est une alternative intéressante pour diminuer la dépendance au pétrole et pour limiter l’effet des plastiques pétrosourcés sur l’environnement conduisant à des effets délétères sur les écosystèmes terrestres et marins. En parallèle du développement de plastiques biosourcés, il est important de se préoccuper de leur fin de vie. Leur dégradation par des processus biologiques en conditions aérobies ou anaérobies permettrait de réduire leur impact environnemental. Parmi les plastiques biosourcés déjà développés depuis plusieurs années, l’acide polylactique (PLA) est l’un des biopolymères les plus produits actuellement. Cet article dresse un état de l’art sur la biodégradation des plastiques à base de PLA en détaillant les principaux mécanismes de biodégradation impliqués en conditions aérobies et anaérobies et les micro-organismes catalysant les différentes réactions biochimiques. Il reporte également les différents essais de biodégradation existants standardisés ou non et les techniques analytiques permettant d’évaluer la biodégradabilité du PLA.
Pflanzliche Ernährung und ausreichende Proteinzufuhr für ein gesundes Altern
Authors: Haß Ulrike , Norman Kristina
Published: March 2023

Da die zunehmend ungesunde Ernährungs- und Lebensweise westlicher Industrienationen zur steigenden Prävalenz ernährungsbedingter, chronischer Erkrankungen beitragen, rückt eine
pflanzenbasierte Ernährung (PBE) immer mehr in den Fokus der Forschung. Insgesamt ist eine PBE mit vorteilhaften Effekten auf die kardiovaskuläre und metabole Gesundheit assoziiert. Dies
wird auf die höhere Nährstoffdichte und reduzierte Proteinzufuhr zurückgeführt, die sich auch günstig auf das Mortalitätsrisiko auszuwirken scheint. Unklar ist allerdings, wie günstig sich
eine PBE im höheren Lebensalter auswirkt, da longitudinale Daten speziell für die ältere Generation fehlen. Außerdem besteht im Alter (> 65 Jahre) ein Proteinmehrbedarf, sodass aufgrund
der geringeren Proteindichte und Proteinqualität einer PBE Bedenken bez. einer adäquaten Proteinversorgung bestehen. Sehr restriktive Ernährungsweisen werden aufgrund des zu erwartenden
Protein- und Nährstoffmangels insbesondere im höheren Lebensalter nicht empfohlen.
Can Classifications Adequately Represent Genital Malformations?
Authors: Kiblboeck Stephanie , Oppelt Peter , Oppelt Patricia , Stein Raimund , Ommer Stefanie , Pavlik Roman , Rall Katharina , Kongrtay Kuralay , Wagner Helga , Hermann Philipp , Trautner Philip Sebastian
Published: March 2023

Introduction Genital malformations are a common clinical occurrence that can be represented using different classifications. Reproducibility is an essential quality characteristic
for a classification, and it plays an important role, especially in consultations and the treatment of infertile patients and in obstetric management. The aim of this study is to
demonstrate the reproducibility and clinical practicality of three commonly used classifications: the ESHRE/ESGE (European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology/ European Society
for Gynecological Endoscopy), VCUAM (Vagina Cervix Uterus Adnex-associated Malformation), and AFS (American Fertility Society) classifications.

Materials and Methods Sixty-five patients with female genital malformations were included in this prospective, multicenter, exploratory, observational study. All participants
underwent a clinical examination and a medical interview. The investigators were instructed to classify the presenting malformations according to the ESHRE/ESGE, VCUAM, and AFS
classifications using a structured questionnaire. Investigators were asked whether the malformation could be reproducibly classified (yes/no) and about the grade (grade 1–5 from “very
good” to “deficient”) they would assign to each classification. Classification assessment was queried for vagina, cervix, uterus, adnexa, and associated malformations and was scored from 1
to 5.

Results Reproducibility was rated as 80% (n = 52/65), 92.3% (n = 60/65), and 56.9% (n = 37/65) for the ESHRE/ESGE, VCUAM, and AFS classification, respectively. ESHRE/ESGE, VCUAM
and AFS were rated as “very good” or “good” for 83.3%, 89.2%, and 10.8% of vaginal malformations; for 75.8%, 87.5%, and 24.2% of cervical malformations; and for 89.7%, 89.5%, and 86.2% of
uterine malformations, respectively. VCUAM was rated as “very good” or “good” for 77.8% and 69.6% of adnexal malformations and associated malformations, respectively. ESHRE/ESGE and AFS
were rated as “sufficient” or "deficient” for 100% and 75% of adnexal malformations and for 77.3% and 69.6% of associated malformations, respectively.

Conclusion The prospective multicenter EVA (ESHRE/ESGE | VCUAM | AFS) study revealed that the organ-based ESHRE/ESGE and VCUAM classifications of female
genital malformations perform better in terms of reproducibility as well as in the assessment of individual compartments than the non-organ-based AFS classification.
An Efficient Route towards Quinazolinone Derivatives via I2/DMSO-Promoted Oxidative Decarboxylation of α-Amino Acids and Subsequent Oxidative Annulation Reaction
Authors: Bera Mrinal K. , Samanta Surya Kanta
Published: March 2023

An efficient and straightforward strategy to synthesize a wide range of quinazolinone derivatives from commercially inexpensive 2-aminobenzamides and various amino acids via molecular iodine promoted oxidative decarboxylation of α-amino acids, followed by oxidative cyclization reaction, is revealed. Operational simplicity, consistent yield, functional group tolerance and sustainability are the other noteworthy features of the reaction. A large number of quinazolinone derivatives were conveniently prepared employing the current strategy. The synthesis of other related heteroarenes, such as benzoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives, following the same reaction conditions broadens the scope of the method.
Design of Y-Shaped Trimers of Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalysts for the Asymmetric Alkylation of Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Liu Yan , Maruoka Keiji , Yu Shengyu , Liu Jiahao , Wang Zhe , Kato Terumasa
Published: March 2023

A series of soluble Y-shaped trimers of chiral phase-transfer catalysts were synthesized and utilized in the asymmetric alkylation of amino acid Schiff bases. The length of the linker between the ammonium cation of the simplified Maruoka catalyst and a phloroglucinol moiety was varied and excellent yields and enantioselectivity were observed when using the Y-shaped trimer of chiral phase-transfer catalyst with an octamethylene linker. A theoretical study of the most efficient Y-shaped trimer of chiral phase-transfer catalyst suggests the chiral ammonium center of the catalyst is more exposed and thus more available in the reaction.
An Illustrative Case of Vein of Labbe Thrombosis Presented as a Glioma
Authors: Malikov Azad , Saylak Fatma Betul , Ertugrul Yavuz , Ocal Ozgur , Daglioglu Ergun
Published: March 2023

Cerebral vein thrombosis is a unique and rare type of cerebrovascular disease. The main challenge in identifying cerebral vein thrombosis is the presence of vague signs and symptoms that can resemble a variety of other intracranial pathologies. Our goal is to present the unique case of a young patient whose MRI scan revealed an abnormally enhancing tumor-like brain lesion that was heterogeneous in intensity and whose intraoperative view and histopathological findings were consistent with the vein of Labbe thrombosis, with ipsilateral transverse and sigmoid sinus involvement.
Formation mechanism of trench defects in green InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells
Authors: Shi Zhiming , Tian Aiqin , Sun Xiaojuan , Li Xuan , Zang Hang , Su Xujun , Lin Hao , Xu Peng , Yang Hui , Liu Jianping , Li Dabing
Published: March 2023

Trench defects, resulting in low emission efficiency in green and longer spectrum ranges, are widely observed in III-nitride alloy multiple quantum wells (MQWs), particularly in those with high indium content. There is a lack of understanding of the atomic formation mechanism of trench defects; however, it is crucial to the efficiency of devices. Here, we provided a thermodynamic analysis through first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory combined with experimental confirmation to reveal the atomic formation mechanism of trench defects in the InGaN MQWs system. The In-rich region is easy to form and induces basal plane stacking faults (BSFs) at the interface between the InGaN quantum well and the GaN quantum barrier (QB). The boundary between BSF and non-BSF regions exhibits a much slower growth rate due to the formation of homoelementary bonds, resulting in a V-shaped groove shape. Based on high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, we observe the trench defects originating from the thick GaN QB layer due to the formation of closed-loop V-shaped grooves and the BSF. Besides, the cathodoluminescence measurements show that the InGaN QW within the defect has excess indium and poor crystal quality.
Bayesian-optimized infrared grating for tailoring thermal emission to boost thermophotovoltaic performance
Authors: Zhao Yiting , Yang Fan , Song Jinlin , Hu Run
Published: March 2023

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices, which can break the Shockley–Queisser limit (33.7%) and enhance the thermal energy utilization efficiency, have garnered increasing attention in recent decades. Structuring the emitter surface has been demonstrated to be powerful for tailoring thermal emission to enhance the power density and system efficiency of a TPV system. However, the design and optimization of the broad parameters of the surface nanostructures manually remain to be thorny issues. In this paper, the Bayesian algorithm under the framework of material informatics was coupled with a rigorous coupled wave analysis to optimize the geometry of the infrared grating nanostructure to achieve wavelength-selective emission to boost the TPV performance. It is demonstrated that only less than 0.173% of the total candidate structures were calculated to find out the optimal structure with high spectral emittance in the range of 0.3–1.708 μm, and the power density and system efficiency of the TPV system were enhanced to 4.20 W/cm2 and 35.37%, respectively. The present machine-learning-based optimization of a multi-parameter nanostructure can improve the performance of the TPV system significantly and can be extended to other physical fields in a feasible manner.
Metastable argon dynamics in a pulsed microplasma at 43 GHz
Authors: Navarro Rafael , Hopwood Jeffrey
Published: March 2023

Short pulses of millimeter wave (MMW) radiation at 43 GHz create microplasma within a photonic crystal for pressures from 40 to 600 Torr (1.3 × 103–8.0 × 104 Pa). Gas breakdown occurs within a photonic crystal, which acts as an electromagnetic resonator to create a strong initial electric field. The time response of the argon metastable density is experimentally determined during the pulse and in the afterglow using laser absorption. The metastable density overshoots the steady-state condition at the beginning of the pulse and during the afterglow. Modeling is presented to understand these observations. The overproduction of argon 1s5 at the beginning of each pulse is due to a concurrent overshoot in the MMW electric field within the photonic crystal. This field overheats the plasma electrons and enhances the production of excited states. The burst of argon metastables observed in the afterglow is due to the pooled energy of the plasma stored in electrons, ions, and excited states of argon. Understanding metastable production is an important intermediate step to ionization and is also critical in the study of diode-pumped rare gas lasers.
Strong-field ionization and AC-Stark shifted Rydberg states in OCS
Authors: Abu-samha Mahmoud , Madsen Lars Bojer
Published: March 2023

We present theoretical results for intensity-dependent above-threshold ionization (ATI) spectra from oriented OCS molecules probed by intense femtosecond laser pulses with wavelengths of 800 and 400 nm. The calculations were performed using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation within the single-active-electron approximation and including multielectron polarization effects. The results capture some of the experimental findings (Yu et al 2017 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
50 235602), in particular when considering the sensitivity of the ATI spectra on the molecular orientation. We identify characteristic features in the ATI spectra which correspond to resonant multiphoton ionization via highly-excited Rydberg states are captured by the theory.
Directly-coupled well-wire hybrid quantum confinement lasers with the enhanced high temperature performance
Authors: Tai Hanxu , Wang Yuhong , Duan Ruonan , Zheng Ming , Lu Wei , Shi Yue , Zhang Jianwei , Zhang Xing , Ning Yongqiang , Wu Jian
Published: March 2023

It is well known that the laser diode performance will inevitably deteriorate when the device is heated. It has been a difficult issue to solve to date. In this letter, we are reporting a new solution to improve high-temperature performance of the laser diodes. The device uses a kind of directly-coupled well-wire hybrid quantum confinement (HQC) structure of the active medium based on the InGaAs–GaAs–GaAsP material system. This special HQC structure is constructed based on the strain-driven indium (In)-segregation effect and the growth orientation-dependent on-GaAs multi-atomic step effect. The measurement and analysis for the HQC laser sample show that the carrier leakage loss, the Auger recombination and gain-peak shifting due to heating are reduced in the HQC structure. It therefore increases the optical gain for lasing at high temperature. The power conversion efficiency is enhanced by >57% and the threshold carrier density drops by >24% at T ⩾ 360 K, in comparison to the traditional quantum-well laser performance. A higher characteristic temperature of 240 K is obtained as well. It implies the better thermal stability of the HQC laser structure. These achievements show a significant prospect for developing high thermo-optic performance of laser diodes.
Optically enhanced single- and multi-stacked 1.55 μm InAs/InAlGaAs/InP quantum dots for laser applications
Authors: Yu Xuezhe , Jia Hui , Dear Calum , Yuan Jiajing , Deng Huiwen , Tang Mingchu , Liu Huiyun
Published: March 2023

For the development of InAs/InP quantum dot (QD) lasers for 1.55 μm telecom wavelength, there are two main challenges: (1) morphological preference for quantum dashes over QDs, and (2) generally poor size uniformity of QDs (dashes). This study addresses the issues, in synchronous, by demonstrating the improved optical properties of 1.55 μm InAs/InP QDs at room temperature with excellent reproducibility. A high-density (∼4 × 1010 cm−2) dot-like morphology was initially attained via adjusting the growth parameters, albeit with a large full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of ∼80 meV and a peak position of a wavelength longer than 1.55 μm. For improvement, the indium-flush technique was employed, which enhanced the uniformity of InAs QDs and substantially lowered the FWHM of five (single) stacked QDs to 50.9 meV (47.9 meV). This technique also blue-shifted the emission peak to 1530.2 nm (1522 nm). The InAs/InP QDs presented are appropriate for the fabrication of high-performance 1.55 μm lasers on InP (001) and, potentially, emerging light sources on the important Si (001).
Oxygen vacancy and hydrogen in amorphous HfO2
Authors: Sklénard Benoît , Cvitkovich Lukas , Waldhoer Dominic , Li Jing
Published: March 2023

Amorphous hafnium dioxide (a-HfO2) is widely used in electronic devices, such as ultra-scaled field-effect transistors and resistive memory cells. The density of oxygen vacancy (OV) defects in a-HfO2 strongly influences the conductivity of the amorphous material. Ultimately, OV defects are responsible for the formation and rupture of conductive filament paths which are exploited in novel resistive switching devices. In this work, we studied neutral OV in a-HfO2 using

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methods. We investigated the formation energy of OV, the binding energy of di-OVs, the OV migration, unperturbed and in the close presence of a hydrogen atom, as well as the migration of hydrogen atom towards OV. A shallow and short-range OV migration barrier (0.6 eV) exists in a-HfO2 in contrast to the barrier (2.4 eV) in crystalline HfO2. Nearby hydrogen has a limited impact on the OV migration; however, hydrogen can diffuse easily by hopping among OVs.
Bearing fault diagnosis method using the joint feature extraction of Transformer and ResNet
Authors: Hou Shixi , Lian Ao , Chu Yundi
Published: March 2023

The failure of rotating machinery can be prevented and eliminated by a regular diagnosis of bearings. In deep learning (DL) models of bearing fault diagnosis driven by big data, problems, such as data acquisition difficulties, data distribution imbalance, and high noise, often exist in the samples. This study proposes a novel bearing fault diagnosis method using the joint feature extraction of Transformer and residual neural network (ResNet) coupled with transfer learning (TL) strategy to overcome the aforementioned issues. First, the data are transmitted to the Transformer encoder and ResNet architecture, respectively, where the input obtained by the encoder must separate features and word embedding via a one-dimensional convolutional layer. Next, the feature sequences mined using encoder and ResNet are connected and classified. Moreover, the TL strategy with model fine-tuning is exploited to reduce the training difficulty of the proposed method in new tasks. Experiments on two bearing fault datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively combine the characteristics of both architectures. Moreover, the prediction accuracy outperforms traditional DL networks in high-noise environments.
Bioinspired bistable dielectric elastomer actuator based on low-melting-point alloy phase change regulation
Authors: Fan Qinyang , Niu Chenguang , Tang Jian , Xiong Xiaoyan , Guo Jibao
Published: March 2023

Soft bistable actuators that exhibit flexibility, fast response, and low energy consumption are key components for applications such as fast grippers, shape reconfiguration actuators, and deployable soft robots. Inspired by the structure of rhododendron leaves, we designed a bistable dielectric elastomer actuator (BDEA) by integrating a dielectric elastomer with a low-melting-point alloy. The developed BDEA can operate reversibly between two stable states through the synergistic application and control of high voltage and Joule heating. The transition process between the two stable states of the actuator was elucidated using finite element analysis. The bending angles of the actuator in the two deformation directions were measured, and grasping experiments were performed. The experimental results show that the direction and magnitude of deformation of the bistable actuator can be tuned to conform to the shape of the target object. The developed BDEA has enhanced shape adaptability and higher bearing capacity compared to conventional soft actuators.
Tunable reflection and broadband absorption of flexural waves by adaptive elastic metasurface with piezoelectric shunting circuits
Authors: Liu Feng , Shi Pengtao , Chen Zhaolin , Shen Yizhou , Xu Yanlong , Yang Zhichun
Published: March 2023

Elastic metasurfaces have attracted lots of attention due to their extraordinary ability in manipulating elastic waves. Among various elastic metasurfaces, the adaptive elastic metasurface (AEM) has more flexibility because of the tunability in function and working frequency band without changing the geometrical configuration. In this paper, we propose an AEM composed of sandwiched plates with mass blocks at their free ends to realize tunable reflection and high-efficiency absorption of flexural waves in broadband. The upper and lower parts of the sandwiched plate are piezoelectric patches individually shunted with a hybrid circuit in series of a resistance and negative capacitance. We solve the reflection coefficient/phase shift of the subunit and the full reflected wave field of the AEM by using the transfer matrix method and coupled-mode theory, respectively. The modulation mechanisms of the phase shift and reflection coefficient are revealed. Especially, the influence of negative effective rigidity on the phase shift is investigated. The moment of inertia generated by the mass block plays a key role in reducing the sensitivity of the phase shift to negative capacitance. Based on the theoretical analyses, the AEMs are designed to realize tunable reflection, switchable asymmetric reflection and high-efficiency absorption. The results obtained from analytical solutions and finite element simulations are consistent with each other. The proposed AEM may have potential applications in vibration control and noise reduction.