bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study: Application of Hemoglobin and Cortisol Levels, and A Memory Test to Evaluate the Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients on Chemotherapy
Authors: Loo Wings TY , Yip Michael CW , Chow Louis WC , Liu Qing , Ng Elizabeth LY , Wang Min , Chen Jianping
Published: December 2013

Background

Short-term memory (STM) decline in breast cancer patients resulting from chemotherapy was evaluated by means of blood biomarkers, a questionnaire, and a computerized STM test.

Methods

This study was conducted from January 2013 to June 2013, recruiting 90 subjects: 30 breast cancer patients beginning the 3rd of 4th cycles of docetaxel and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, 30 recovered patients (who completed 4 cycles of docetaxel for a minimum of 6 months), and 30 healthy subjects (disease-free females). The levels of hemoglobin, red and white blood cells, and cortisol in serum, and a computerized STM test were analyzed to estimate the effects of chemotherapy on STM. A questionnaire was given to all subjects to assess quality of life.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed for the blood parameters (hemoglobin, red and white blood cells, and cortisol levels) between healthy and on-treatment subjects (respectively 13.47±0.96 g/dL vs 5.37±0.38 g/dL, 4.58±0.41 1012/L vs 2.07±0.13 1012/L, and 6.15±1.03 109/L vs 0.86±0.41 109/L). Scores of the STM test were significantly lower for patients compared to healthy subjects. As indicated by the results of the questionnaire, breast cancer patients had a higher tendency to forget than healthy controls (X2=3.15; p<0.0001) and recovered subjects (X2=3.15; p<0.0001).

Conclusion

We found depleted levels of hemoglobin, red and white blood cells as a result of chemotherapy, and elevated levels of stress correlated with poor performances in the computerized STM test. A higher cortisol level might be an important precursor of STM deterioration. Monitoring cortisol would be beneficial for evaluating the quality of life of breast cancer patients on chemotherapy.
Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) squeezed in a complex fish community dominated by perch (Perca fluviatilis)
Authors: Sandlund Odd Terje , Haugerud Eivind , Rognerud Sigurd , Borgstrøm Reidar
Published: December 2013

In the complex fish community of Lake Skasen, southeastern Norway, the relative population density, habitat use and diet of Arctic charr, perch, roach and burbot was studied by a gill net survey during June-September 2010. A marked segregation in habitat use was observed, with Arctic charr and burbot captured in the profundal and deepest part of the pelagic habitat, and perch and roach captured in the littoral and upper part of the pelagic. Perch dominated the total catches, followed by roach. Arctic charr occurred in low numbers in the catches, and also had a low annual growth rate. Even in June, at low water temperatures, Arctic charr were confined to the profundal. Both Arctic charr, roach and perch fed on the same cladocerans, but all size groups of perch had fish as an important part of the diet. Analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes revealed a narrow trophic niche of Arctic charr, positioned at the extreme pelagic end of the carbon gradient relative to the other fish species. These had a wider span of δ13C signatures, but more positioned towards the littoral end of the carbon gradient. The low growth rate of Arctic charr, despite a low population density, indicates that food is a limiting resource for charr in this lake, probably due to a confinement to the profundal habitat as a result of competition and predator avoidance. Since all age-classes of Arctic charr seem to be enclosed in the profundalhabitat, intraspecific competition and predation may be supplementary stressors resulting in low annual recruitment and low population density, as well as low individual growth rate, i.e. the population is squeezed. The narrow trophic niche of Arctic charr compared to perch, roach and burbot, revealed by stable isostope analysis, supports this conclusion.
Historical information on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Norway
Authors: Kleiven Einar
Published: December 2013

The common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) is an introduced fish species in Norway over the past 300 years. Many attempts have been conducted in order to try to create self-sustaining populations, but the species is very rare. Several authors have asserted that carp was introduced by monks, but this is not documented. The first written reference to common carp in Norway is the often quoted information in Pontoppidan (1753). However, the oldest knowledge of common carp can now be dated back to about 1685. The first introduction took place in the Bergen area, western Norway.
A checklist of invertebrates from Norwegian caves and mines
Authors: Østbye Eivind , Lauritzen Stein-Erik
Published: December 2013

The invertebrates hitherto registered from Norwegian caves and mines are presented in a checklist. Each species is listed with localities, cavity type with altitude, total length and depth, and also minimum age ka (i.e. in units of 1000 years) if available. The species from each recorded taxa are listed in tables, with reference to the specific cave or mine where it is recorded, and to relevant publications. Taxa are classified according to their hypogean environment as trogloxenes, habitual or accidental, troglofiles and troglobites based on existing information. In total, 244 species were recorded representing 14 higher taxa. Insecta and Collembola together dominate with 85% of the recorded species, while Diptera alone stand for 42% of the species. The invertebrate fauna in Norwegian caves and mines are relatively poor compared to what is found further south in Europe.
Emerson-Exemplar: Friedrich Nietzsche's Emerson Marginalia: Introduction
Authors: Golden Mason
Published: December 2013

Nietzsche once remarked of Emerson's Essays, “never have I felt so much at home in a book.” Indeed, throughout his intellectual life, Nietzsche returned to Emerson more than any other author. This text is a presentation, for the first time in English, of Nietzsche's Emerson marginalia of 1881, along with those passages that he copied, with variations and abridgments, from Emerson's Versuche (Essays) into a separate notebook in January 1882. For context, I have included in my notes brief passages from the German translation alongside Emerson's original that bear the most direct relevance to the texts here presented. Often these are passages Nietzsche himself underlined. With particular attention to the German translation Nietzsche was reading, I demonstrate in my introduction critical ways in which Emerson provoked Nietzsche's thought, and articulate what I take to be the basis of Nietzsche's deep and abiding affinity with the American thinker.
Internalization and Its Consequences
Authors: Beals William M.
Published: December 2013

Internalization is an important yet puzzling and undertheorized element in Nietzsche's moral psychology. The aim of this article is to resolve some textual puzzles by way of shedding light on Nietzsche's views on the general nature of internalization, and how it relates to other significant concepts deployed in his thought such as bad conscience, the pathos of distance, the will to power, and the ascetic ideal. I begin by providing a brief interpretation of internalization that is somewhat more perspicuous than exists in the literature. I then make a case for the claim that the consequences of internalization are dependent upon the nature of the attitudes that get redirected inward. This insight allows us to explain why Nietzsche does not give a uniform account of all instances of internalization, and provides resources to give a richer and more satisfying interpretation of his moral psychological and ethical thought.
Nietzsche, Naturalism, and Falsification
Authors: Andresen Joshua
Published: December 2013

This essay focuses on one of Nietzsche's greatest challenges to our understanding of perception and cognition: his “falsification thesis.” I argue that despite several innovative and insightful attempts to understand Nietzsche's claims about falsification, they have failed because they have not made an adequate connection between Nietzsche's falsification claims and his naturalistic account of the development of human cognition. Nietzsche's most important insight is that the basic falsifications and simplifications of sensation and language are not only often quite useful but are also the cornerstone of knowledge and science. The central implications that follow are that cognition can succeed without correspondence between mind and world and that the standard assumption thought to be absolutely indispensable for science, that the world is fundamentally ordered, or a cosmos, is unnecessary. That is, Nietzsche's naturalism explains how we may have knowledge and successfully pursue science without avoiding falsification altogether.
Dependencia e impacto social de la enfermedad de Parkinson
Authors: Arroyo Menéndez Millán , Finkel Morgenstern Lucila
Published: December 2013

Este artículo profundiza en el conocimiento y cuantificación de la dependencia, limitaciones y necesidades de apoyo de la enfermedad de Parkinson y aborda las diferentes implicaciones negativas que ésta conlleva desde una perspectiva sociológica. Se incide en el deterioro de la vida social del paciente, quien reduce su red de contactos y la intensidad y calidad de los mismos. También se deteriora la vida cotidiana de la persona cuidadora en el hogar, normalmente mujer o hija, que asume una gran carga de trabajo adicional. El análisis, centrado en España, se ha realizado a partir de la bibliografía y documentación disponible y una explotación original de los datos de la Encuesta sobre Discapacidad, Autonomía Personal y Situaciones de Dependencia (INE 2008) e incluye también información proveniente de una investigación cualitativa propia desarrollada por los autores.
Más allá de la discapacidad: reflexiones en torno a la relatividad de la organización sensorial
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Susana
Published: December 2013

En el presente artículo haremos un breve recorrido histórico y antropológico por algunas de las formas en las que la percepción sensorial ha sido concebida, algo que se encuentra íntimamente ligado a las particularidades de cada cultura, que ejerce su influencia en las formas individuales de percibir y, por consiguiente, en la definición de lo que es o no una discapacidad como ocurre en lo que convencionalmente se denomina cultura occidental con el caso de la discapacidad visual, dada la primacía actual del sentido de la vista sobre los demás sentidos. Asimismo, intentaremos replantear el concepto de discapacidad a favor de términos como el de diversidad funcional, que implica una forma más amplia de concebir la variabilidad de percibir la realidad, en virtud de la enorme plasticidad del ser humano, capaz de convertir lo que a primera vista puede parecer tan sólo una limitación física en un original desarrollo de nuevas habilidades.
Esclerosis múltiple: análisis de necesidades y calidad de vida de los afectados y su entorno
Authors: Carrón Sánchez José , Arza Porras Javier
Published: December 2013

La evolución en el paradigma desde el que se contempla la discapacidad, y en concreto la esclerosis múltiple, ha estado marcada por los cambios en el concepto de salud, en el avance en los derechos sociales subjetivos y en la implantación progresiva de un modelo inclusivo para su abordaje. Con esta investigación se pretende responder a las preguntas de ese nuevo paradigma, revisando la situación epidemiológica, los estudios anteriores, y el desarrollo de una metodología complementaria desde lo cuantitativo y lo cualitativo. El trabajo de campo –desarrollado en el ámbito de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra– y su posterior análisis nos ofrece una prevalencia considerablemente mayor que la habitualmente manejada hasta ahora, un perfil con características bastante estables en el que destaca el importante grado incapacitante y su correlato socioeconómico, y el aumento en los tratamientos farmacológicos respecto a datos anteriores. La ausencia de una respuesta curativa y el avance en las terapias paliativas exigen, como paso ineludible, la necesidad de poner el foco en aquellos aspectos que mejoren la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas y su entorno.
ATAD: Una Ayuda Técnica para la Autonomía en el Desplazamiento
Authors: Revuelta Sanz Pablo , Ruiz Mezcua Belén , Sánchez Pena José Manuel
Published: December 2013

Revuelta Sanz, P. et al. (2013): “ATAD: Una Ayuda Técnica para la Autonomía en el Desplazamiento”. Revista Española de Discapacidad, I (2): 143-154.
II. The effect of various doses of gamma 60Co radiation upon some morphological features of China aster (Callistephus chinesis Nees) in M1 and M2 generations
Authors: Wosińska Alicja
Published: December 2013

The present paper discusses the effect of antecedent gamma radiation upon 4 varieties of China aster in M1 and M2 generations. Studies were undertaken on the effect of various doses of radiation upon the following features : height of plants, maximal length of ramification of the Ist order, diameter of inflorescence, and number of set inflorescence. In M1 generation (plants from irradiated seeds) negative effect of radiation was noted in almost all features under study, usually the greater the radiation dose. Only in case of two varieties ('Agnieszka' and 'Goplana') positive effect of irradiation upon plant height was noted, at radiation dose of 3 kR. However, further increase of radiation dose was harmful also for these two varieties. In M2 generation (progeny of irradiated plants) the effect of gamma radiation upon most features under study was beneficial - in most cases stimulation overbalanced rare symptoms of depression. Reaction was different in all varieties under study.
Research on the fertilizer demand and on the influence of detergent on sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) cv. 'Wirlarind', grown in hydroponic cultures
Authors: Gumiński Z.
Published: December 2013

The plants were grown in vessels composed of two parts: in the upper one, with the perforated bottom, was mixture of peat with brown coal or peat with scoria, and in the lower one - a nutrient solution to a height of 12 cm. The lowering of nitrogen fertillization (to 43%) and the increase in the molybdenum salt dose produced a positive difference in yield. A 3,7 g dose of fertilizer mixture per plant during the vegetation season has been found to be optimum. The detergent, when applied only once, improved the crop quality. When applied every fourth week, it caused a decrease in the number of racemes per plant grown on a slag~peat seedbed, whereas, on the lignitepeat seedbed all the detergent action was annulled.
Effect of foliar fertilization of Capsicum annuum L. together with optimal root fertilization in hydroponic culture on fruit yield and its capsaicin content
Authors: Nowak Tomasz J.
Published: December 2013

The Wrocław version of hydroponic culture was applied. The optimal dose of mineral nutrient solution for root-fertilizing was found to be 19,6g and 22,4g of mineral salts per one plant during the whole vegetation season. In a separate experiment plants with optimal root fertilization were sprayed with multicomponent solutions of mineral salts. The sprays were applied weekly for 15 weeks. The concentrations of solutions for spraying were: 0,28, 0,84 and 1,4 per cent. The greatest increase of fruit yield was noted after the 0,84 per cent solution. At optimal concentration of spray solution (0,84%) chelating agents added (EDTA or humate) had no effect. Addition of the chelating agents to the 1,4% solution attennated its inhibitory effect. The humate gave a better effect than EDTA. A tenfold increase of microelements content (6 mg/l of each instead of 0,6 mg/l) in 0,28 per cent spray solution produced a marked increase of the yield of fruits and of their capsaicin content.
Influence of increased doses of microelements in hydroponic nutrient solution on the yield of Capsicum annuum L. fruits and their capsaicin content
Authors: Nowak Tomasz J.
Published: December 2013

The Wrocław version of hydroponic culture was applied. The content of particular microelements (Cu, B, Mn, Mo, Zn) or several of them jointly was increased ten times (to 6 mg/l) as compared to the standard composition of the nutrient solution. It was found that the yield of fruits and of capsaicin per plant was significantly higher with 10 times increased content of Cu and B or Cu+B+Mo or Cu+Mn+Mo or B+Mn+Mo. Moreover, Cu and Mn applied alone or in combinations with other microelements in 10-fold increased proportion caused a marked increase of capsaicin content in the dry matter of the fruit. It is suggested that the proportions of microelements should be chosen individually for each plant species and for each type of agroclimatic conditions
Effect of gibberellin, auxin and kinetin treatments combined with foliar applied NPK on the yield of Capsicum annuum L. fruits and their capsaicin content
Authors: Nowak Tomasz J.
Published: December 2013

The Wrocław version of hydroponic culture was applied. Under optimal conditions of root fertilization the plants were sprayed with growth regulators sueh as gibberellins, auxins and kinetins, and .their mixtures. Each growth regulator treatment was applied with or without NPK added. The influence of these treatments on the fresh and dry weight of the fruit, percentage of ripe fruits and content and yield of capsaicin was studied. The highest yield of fruits and capsaicin. was obtained from plants sprayed with gibberellic acid and kinetin (in concentrations of 10 and 5 mg/l, respectively) together with NPK foliar application. No influence of ,growth regulators and foliar-applied NPK was noted on capsaicin content and dry weight of fruits.
Physiological changes in M 26 and M 106 softwood apple (Malus sp. Mill.) cuttings during their rooting
Authors: Górecki Ryszard S.
Published: December 2013

The levels of rooting cofactors, monohydroxyphenols, o-dihydroxyphenols, total phenols and protein, as well as the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxydase were compared in the leaves and stems of untreated vs IBA-treated cuttings. The cuttings of M 26 and M 106 clone were analysed on days: 0, 16 and 24 of rooting. Marked differences were found between the clones and treatments compared in levels of the substances analysed but these were not correlated with the rooting ability of cuttings. Only low monophenols' content in the IBA-treated M 106 cutting stems was correlated with the best rooting obtained.
The use of composition of carbendazim and captafol in control of diseases of apple tree
Authors: Borecki Z. , Borecka D. , Bystydzieńska K. , Karolczak W.
Published: December 2013

The composition of two fungicides: carbendazim 40% and captafol 40% gave very good to fair control of apple tree diseases. This formulation was used in field experiments against apple scab, bark canker fungi and bitter rot of apple fruits. The 0,06 per cent concentration was very effective against strains of Venturia inaequnlis tolerant and resistant to benzimidazole fungicides. The 0,1 per cent concentration gave very good control of Nectria galligena and Pezicula malicorticis and fair control of Stereum purpureum and Phvtophthora cactorum.
Use of weed communities for estimation of field habitats for needs of agriculture
Authors: Warcholińska Urszula A.
Published: December 2013

Closed connection was found between particular weed communities and the edaphic agricultural complexes of the investigated field region (see Tab. l ). Taking adventage of bioindicative properties of weed communities the numeric values were found depicting present state of field biotops of investigated region concerning termic relations, humidity relations, soil pH, soil nitrogen content and biological activity of the soil. These resultes were further used as an aid to evaluate particular field biotops to agricultural use.
The influence of various doses of phosphorus and of the addition of calcium or potassium fertilization upon the yield of tomatoes in Wrocław hydroponic culture using two intensities of light
Authors: Gumicka Z. , Branicka T. , Osmelak M.
Published: December 2013

Two experiments were carried out with phosphate fertilization of tomatoes in hydroponic culture. It has been proved that an additional dose of phosphorus given during the second cluster bloom, caused an yield increase. The optimal dose is 12 g of superphosphate (16% P2O5) per plant. The "green back" symptoms did not appear in these conditions. The parallel additional applying of calcium or potassium gave a decrease of the yield. When the light intensity was lowered to about 50%, the yield has decreased by half. In these conditions an additional applying of calcium (0,4 g CaCO3) and phosphorus (1g superphosphate) annulated the negative influence of the low light intensity.
Effect of sucrose in a holding solution on some processes associated with ageing of cut carnations
Authors: Łukaszewska Aleksandra
Published: December 2013

Vase-life of cut carnations and their response to a preservative (8-HQS+S) depended on the sucrose and reducing sugar content in the petals at the time of harvest. The reducing sugar level decreased in the wilted flowers kept in water and increased above the initial level in the carnations given sucrose in a holding solution. This increase in reducing sugars was small or 2-3 fold in the flowers with high and low initial sugar levels, respectively. Changes in the endogenous sucrose levels in the petals were less pronounced but a trend (i.e. increase-decrease) was also dependent on the initial sucrose level. Considerable sucrose accumulation was found in the leaves of plants placed in the solution of 5% sucrose plus 200 ppm 8-HQS. Use of an exogenous sugar in a holding solution prevented an increase in free amino acids in carnation petals, a symptom for flower ageing. Carnations placed in a preservative solution had a had anthocyanin content then the control flowers. Lower activities of acid phosphatases and RNases were found in the flowers placed in the solutions tested as compared to those kept in water.
Plant communities of cereals with respect to the location of field in mountain region
Authors: Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz Ewa
Published: December 2013

Studies on weed infestation of cereals with respect to the location of the field under various mountain conditions (bottom ofthe valley, slopes with different exposure, local top area) were carried out in the central part of the Dunajec valley in the Beskidy Mountains. Plant communities on the slopes and top area contained more species than those in the bottom of the valley. Coverage of soil by weeds on the slopes was also higher. However, slope exposure had no pronounced effect on the differentiation of weed composition. Dominating species in all area where the studies were carried out were: Stellaria media, Galium aparine, Centaurea cyanus, Apera spica-venti and Cirsium arvense.
The floristic changes in the second year after sowing of different grasses and clovers on excluded from intensive agricultural production field
Authors: Jabłoński Wojciech , Widera Maria
Published: December 2013

The floristic changes on excluded from intensive agricultural production field, after sowing of different clover-grass mixtures, was investigated. On the second year of the experiment, it has been found the great elimination of different species of weeds, at treatment, it has been found the great elimination of different species of weeds, at treatment where clover and grass plants were growing. The best mixture for elimination so dangerous weed as Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and Agropyron repens (L.) P. B., was the mixture from 50% Trifolium pratense L. and 45% Phleum pratense L. with the addition of Achillea millefolium L. plants.
Effect of growing conditions at greenhouse on vitamin E content in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits
Authors: Horbowicz Marcin , Stępowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2013

The studies on effect of growing conditions on vitamin E content in fruits of two cultivars of sweet pepper (Bendigo F1 and Lamuyo F1) were carried out. The influence of growing substrate type (sphagnum peat or rockwool, Flormin, Poland), season of fruits harvesting (Summer or Autumn) and dosages of mineral Iiquid nutrition were investigated. It was found that fruits of sweet pepper grown in rockwool contained more vitamin E than those from sphagnum peat substrate (ring culture), during Summer harvesting„ ln Autumn differences appeared too. but most of them were not statistically proved. The sweet pepper fruits harvested at Summer contained more vitamin E than fruits from Autumn. There were not significant differences among vitamin E level in fruits of the plants cultivated in rockwool at different dosages of fertilizers.
The Effect of Methyl Jasmonate Vapour on Some Characteristics of Fruit Ripening, Carotenoids and Tomatine Changes in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Czapski Janusz , Saniewski Marian
Published: December 2013

Tomato ripening in normal red-fruited cultivar (Fiorin) was delayed by treatment with methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) vapour. A visual scoring system for describing tomato ripening was used. Surface of fruits exposed to JA-Me vapour, increased in yellow and decreased in red as determined by HunterLab colour meter. JA-Me significantly altered the firmness of fruits after 21 days storage. Vapour of JA-Me enhanced the level of β-carotene in outer part (peel with 3 mm pericarp tissue) of fruit, while it had no effect in peeled fruit pericarp. JA-Me treatment decreased the level of lycopene in outer part and pericarp tissue, however, in outer part lycopene content decreased at a higher rate than in pericarp. Amount of tomatine in fruits treated with JA-Me had enhanced four-fold in outer part and by 62% in peeled fruit pericarp as compared with the control.
Pathogenic mycoflora on carrot seeds
Authors: Nowicki Bogdan
Published: December 2013

Altogether 300 seed samples were collected during 9 years in 8 regions of Poland and the fungi Were isolated and their pathogenicity to carrot seedlings was examined. Alternaria rudicina provcd to be the most important pathogen although. A. alternata was more common. The other important pathogens were Fusarium spp., Phoma spp. and Botrytis cinerea. The infection of carrot seeds by A. radicina should be used as an important criterium in seed quality evaluation.
Patogenic fungi associated with blue lupine seeds
Authors: Nowicki Bogdan
Published: December 2013

Over 10% ofseeds harvested in 1991 and 1992 (50 samples, 400 seeds in each sample) proved to be infested with various fungi. Fusarium spp. and Botrytis cinerea were the most common pathogens isolated. Fusarium avenaceum was the most common and highIy pathogenic species. Fusarium semitectum and F. tricinctum were highly pathogenic to lupin seedlings but they were the least common Fusarium isolated from seeds. Similarily, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was isolated only from 0,2% seeds tested but this fungus was highly pathogenic to lupin seedlings. Some other fungi know as lupin pathogens (F. oxysporum, Stemphylium botryosum, Pleiochaeta setosa and Phomopsis leptostromiformis) were also noted in tested seeds.
Influence of pesticides used potatoes control on the growth of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from potatoes fields
Authors: Miętkiewicz Ryszard , Sapiecha Anna
Published: December 2013

The growth of Metarhizium anisopliae, M.flavoviridae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus was estimated on Sabouraud's medium to which insecticides and herbicides were added in three doses: A - 10 times higher from recommended field dose, B - as recommended field dose, C - 10 timer lower than recommended. Fungicides were used in B and C doses as well as in dose D - 100 times lower than recomended one. The fungi were obtained from soil under potatoes using Galleria mellonella as bait insect. Chlorothalonil and copper oxychloride were chosen from fungicides, linuron, MCPA, fluazifop-P-butyl and dikwat - from herbicides and deltamethrin, teflubenzuron and fozalon from insecticides. The growth of both species of Metarhizium was stronger inhibited than of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus by fungicides however colonies of Metarhizium always overpassed 50% controls colonies apart from M. flavoviridae on medium with copper oxychloride at concentration B. Herbicide linuron was more toxic to fungi than fungicides. M. anisopliae and M. fluvoviridae did not grow on medium containing dose A and dose B this herbicide but the colonies of P. fumosoroseus at dose B did not overpass 20% of controlled ones. MCPA and fluazifop-P-butyl inhibited fungal colonies in approximated way. On the medium with these herbicides in concentration A fungal colonies were strongly inhibited and the growth of fungi on medium with MCPA at this concentration appeared not before 5 days after inoculation. Dikwat in dose A strongly inhibited the growth of M. anisopliae but in remaining combinations growth of fungal colonies was similar to controlled ones. Fozalon, among insecticides, inhibited the growth of inwestigated fungi strongest. On the medium containing this insecticide in dose A all fungi did not grow, and in dose B colonies of both species of Metarhizium did not overpass 40% of controlled ones. Deltamethrin in dose A and B inhibited the growth of M. anisopliae and M. flavoviridae, but teflubenzuron did not inhibit growth of entomopathogenic fungi at all concentrations.
Stimulation of development of Cucumis sativus L. plants by low concentration of aluminium in vitro conditions
Authors: Szymańska Maria , Molas Jolanta
Published: December 2013

The culture of cucumber plants Cucumis sativus L. Wisconsin cultivar, from seeds and leaf explants, were carried out on the basic medium ofMurashige and Skoog in vitro conditions. In the culture set from the leaf explants the MS medium was supplemented with IAA (0,5 mg/dm3) and BAP (2 mg/dm3). Aluminium (as AlCl3) was added to the media in concentration Of 1 mg/dm3. The media pH was adjusted to 6,2 or 4,2. In seedling culture, aluminium substantially stimulated the growth and development of the root system while a shoot to a small degree only (it advanced leaf formation mainly), causing no morphological and developmental anomalies. In the culture from the leaf explants Al induced the process of rhizogenesis which did not take place on the media without Al. It also stimulated a shoot morphogenesis. After 8 weeks of culture, 32 % leafexplants formed plants with short shoots (2-3,5 cm), long ones (5,5-7 cm) and with long but poorly branched root system„ In the acid conditions (pH 4,2), the effect 0 Al on plant growth was Iower than on the media with pH 6,2. Also a number of regenerated explants with comparable direction of differentiation won a fewer in low pH.
The cytotoxic influence of aluminium on Cucumis sativus L seedling roots
Authors: Szymańska Maria , Molos Jolanta
Published: December 2013

The roots of 5-days old cucumber seedling cv. Wisconsin were incubated in the Al solutions (AICl3) of pH 4,2. AI was applied in the following concentrations: 20, 30 and 40 mg/dm3. All the Al concentrations caused both the inhibition of root elongation and reduction of mitotic activity of apical meristem. The complete inhibition of mitoses and elongation growth was determined in the presence of 30 and 40 mg Al/dm3 after 4 and 3 days of incubation. After 5 incubation days the changes in the morphology of seedling roots, resulting mainly from the inhibition of the main root elongation and formation of a greater number of lateral roots, were noted. The reduction of root cap dimensions was accompanied by the apical meristem shortening and in short distance, differentiation of numerous lateral root primordia. The meristematic cell got elongated while their nuclei and nucleoli enlarged (particularly at 20 and 30 mg Al/dm3) and cytoplastn vacuolized. In the region of elongation and lateral roots differentiation, the cells of epidermis and primary cortex got shrunk, degenerationed and after falling off the tissue they made bigger (40 mg Al/dm3) or smaller (20 and 30 mg Al/dm3) hollows and cracks on the outer side of the root.
Effects of environmental preconditioning, donor tissue and isolation conditions on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) protoplast yield
Authors: Kuźniak Elżbieta , Wielanek Marzena , Małolepsza Urszula , Urbaniak Henryk
Published: December 2013

The effects of soil or in vitro grown plants, pretreatment conditions, donor tissue and isolation procedure on protoplast yield from cotyledons and leaves of tomato cv. 'Perkoz' and 'Zorza' were studied. The highest protoplast yield of 1.5 x 107/g FW was obtained from leaves of in vitro grown plants. Low light intensity during donor plants in vitro culture and dark pretreatment were essential for successful protoplast isolation while cold pretreatment was not. Tissue preplasmolysis prior to transfer to enzyme mixture increased 4-fold the number of isolated protoplasts. Glycine and bovine serum albumin in the isolation medium did not significantly influence the protoplast yield.
Effect of temperature and type of packages on quality of stored lettuce
Authors: Bąkowski Józef , Michalik Helena , Horbowicz Marcin
Published: December 2013

Lettuce head cv. Sanora non-wrapped, wrapped with perforated PE film, unperforated PE film, and in stretch film was stored at different temperatures: 1, 6, 20 and 28°C. The lettuce can be stored at 1°C up to 10 days, and at 6°C during 8 days period. Longer storage time caused clear loses of lettuce quality. During first two - three days of storage in both temperatures 1 and 6°C loses of ascorbic acid, dry matter, colour and organoleptic value were not observed. Faster decrease of ascorbic acid content was noted in leuuce stored in unperforated PE film and stretch film, in comparison to perforated PE film. The highest lettuce quality were found in case where lettuce were stored in perforated PE bags at 1°C.
Anatomy of the floral nectaries of 9 species from subf. Pomoideae (Rosaceae)
Authors: Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Konarska Agata
Published: December 2013

The nectaries anatomical features of nine species of Pomoideae subfamily Aronia melanocarpa Ell., Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne, C. praecox Vilm.-Andr., C. lucida Schlecht., Crataegus monogyna Jacq., C. coccinea L., C. crus-galli L., Sorbus aucuparia L., Sorbus intermedia Pers. were compared. The flower longitudinal sections by means of vibratome and semithin slides by use of ultramicrotome were made. The thickness of nectary epidermis, glandular layer and the structure of subglandular layer as well as the n,n of vascular bundles were studied. It was stated that the height of epidermis cells and the thickness of their wall were approximate in the most investigated taxons. Stomata occurred in the nectaries of all species. They were located on a level with the epidermis cells in Aronia and Sorbus genera, in small hollows in Cotoneaster and considerably below the level of epidermis cells in Crataegus. The thickness of glandular layer was approximate for each genera. Sorbus intermedia and the species of Crataegus genus wer distinguishable by the thickest nectaries. The concentration of brachysclereids occurred in subglandular tissue of Crataegus crus-galli and of Sorbus both species. Vascular bundles, stocking the nectary, mostly consisted of phloem and xylem, but in Aronia, Cotoneaster praecox and C. lucida only phloem was noticed. The dependence between thickness of glandular layer, studied anatomical features and the volume of secreted nectar is discussed.
Comparison of defence responses to Botrytis cinerea infection in tomato plants propagated in vitro and grown in vivo
Authors: Patykowski Jacek , Kuźniak Elżbieta , Urbaniak Henryk
Published: December 2013

Defence reactions: O2 - generation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activities after B. cinerea infection in tomato plants propagated in vitro and grown in vivo have been compared. Infection resulted in rapid O2 - generation. Superoxide dismutase activity increase was slower than O2 - response. In plants propagated in vitro catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities after infection were induced less strongly than in plants grown in vivo. K2HPO4 pretreatment of plants grown in vitro enhanced significantly the activities of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase after infection. Slight restriction of B. cinerea infection development in in vitro propagated plants pretreated with K2HP04 was observed.
The effect of the weight of cloves on the growth and the yield of fall-planted garlic
Authors: Nurzyńska-Wierdak Renata
Published: December 2013

In three years trials (1990-1993) the effect of weight cloves on growth and yield of local garlic ecotype R was assesed. Seven classes of cloves were studied. Significant effect of weight of cloves on growth and yield of garlic was found out. The plants grown from big cloves gave higher and better quality yield then those grown from smaller cloves. There was no difference in yield of plants grown from big and medium cloves.
Effect of copper deficiency and of water stress on the microstructure of tomato leaf surface
Authors: Dyki Barbara , Borowski Jan , Kowalczyk Waldemar
Published: December 2013

The reaction of tomato plants cv. Tukan F1 to copper deficiency and to water stress was compared. Plants grown in copper deficiency and in conditions of water stress were significantly smaller than controls. They had also lower turgor. The epidermis cells of the upper side leaf in the plants growing in copper deficiency or water stress conditions were smaller than in control plants. However the stomata and trichomes number of leaves plants with copper or water deficiency grown were bigger in comparision with control. The pores of stomata were always larger in leaves of control plants than in other objects.
Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) on uptake and distribution of mineral elements
Authors: Wójcik Paweł
Published: December 2013

The aim of this study was to examine effect of boron (B) fertilization of 'Šampion' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) grafted on M.26 rootstock on uptake and distribution of mineral elements. The trees were planted at a distance of 4,0 x 2,5 m on sandy-loam soil with low hot-water extractable B content. The study was carried out in 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Station located near Skierniewice. The following treatments were applied: (i) soil B application at a rate of 2g B tree-1 as Bortrac fertilizer (16% B in form of boric acid); (ii) three times leaf B applications before full bloom at a rate of0,67g B tree' at the stage: green and pink bud and beginning of flowering; (iii) three times leaf B applications after bloom at a rate of0,67g B tree-1. First spraying was applied at petal fall and next two ones at 2-weeks interval; (iv) control-trees unfer tilized with B. The measurements included: soil chemical analysis (contents of available phosphorus (P) and boron (B) and exchange potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) and plant analysis (concentrations of N,P,K,Mg,Ca and B in the spur leaves, the leaves from oneyear-old shoots and the apple flesh). It was shown that B fertilization had not effect on N uptake and its distribution within apple tree. It was found that soil B application stimulated P uptake which increased concentration of this element in the spur leaves, the leaves from current shoots and the apple flesh. Boron sprayings after bloom increased Ca uptake which rised Ca concentration in studied plant parts. Additionally, leaf B application after bloom reduced plant Mg uptake. As a result of B sprayings after bloom, K concentration was increased in the spur leaves and decreased in the apple flesh. Boron spraying before bloom was less effective in increasing this microelement in plant than leaf B applications after bloom and soil B application.
The studies on redistribution of boron in apple trees as a result of leaf boron application
Authors: Wójcik Paweł
Published: December 2013

Redistribution of boron (B) within apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) as a result of leaf B application was examined. The experiments were canied out in a greenhouse on M.26 apple rootstock and in field conditions on five-year-old 'Elstar' and 'Szampion' apple trees grafted on M.26 rootstock. Boron was applied in a form of boric acid solution. It was found that leaf B application resulted in movement of B to leaves, flowers and apple fiuits untreated with B. These results clearly showed that B was retranslocated within apple tree. The retranslocation of B within apple trees took place when leaf B applications were done both in summer and autumn. Additionally, it was observed that B from leaf application had paiticularly high ability of movement within plant at insufficient B content (0,2μM) in solution. Generally, these data indicated that B within apple trees was transported in phloem, however mechanism of this phenomenon has not been well known yet. Thus, leaf B application of apple trees can be more successful treatment in reduction of B deficiency in plants compared to soil B application.
Influence of Bacillus polymyxa on the growth and development of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae
Authors: Saniewska Alicja
Published: December 2013

Antagonistic effect of Bacillus polymyxa, strain S13, toward Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae was evaluated iii vitro and in vivo. The growth of the pathogen was greatly inhibited in dual cultures with Bacillus polymyxa on potato dextrose agar. Suspension of B. polymyxa and its filtrate substantially inhibited spore germination and development of Fusarium oxysporuum f. sp. tulipae on tulip bulbs.
Effect of the number of calcium chloride sprays on 'Jonagold' apple quality
Authors: Wójcik Paweł
Published: December 2013

The aim of this study was to examine effect of frequency of calcium chloride (CaCl2) sprays on 'Jonagold' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) quality. The experiment was carried out in 1996-1998 in the Experimental Orchard of the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice. Apple trees were grafied on M.26 rootstock and planted in 1992 at a distance of 4 x 2 m on a sandy loam soil with high available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents. Four experimental treatments were applied: (i) three sprays with CaCl2 solutions at 2, 10 and 18 weeks after full bloom, (ii) six sprays with CaCl2 at 2, 6, 10, 14, 16 and 18 weeks after full bloom, (iii) nine sprays with CaCl2 at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 weeks after full bloom and (iv) control plot - trees unsprayed with CaCl2. The results showed that fruit Ca concentration increased with the number of CaCl2 sprays during the growing season. Apples nine-times sprayed with CaCl2 solutions were smaller, less mature at harvest and after storage, had lower titratable acidity and soluble solids contents after storage and were less sensitive to bitter pit, internal breakdown and Gloeosporium-rot compared to other treatments; however these effects were influenced by the growing season. Six CaCl2 sprays only in one year of the study increased fruit firmness after storage, fruit resistance to bitter pit and internal breakdown. Three CaCl2 sprays decreased bitter pit incidence; however this effect was found only in one investigated year.
Preliminary studies on cultivation of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in Poland and evaluation of its raw material
Authors: Buchwald Waldemar
Published: December 2013

The possibility of introducing of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge into cultivation in Poland was investigated. The effect of method of introduction plantation on plant development and root mass was studied. The mass of raw material was higher in case of micropropagation. The roots of plants cultivated in Poland contained less tannins and more tanshinones than the Asiatic raw material (Salviae miltiorrhizae radix). Their contents of polyphenolic compounds were similar. In Polish cultivation Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge blossomed from May till August and fruited from August till first ground frosts. Dropping part of flowers and late fruitage prove, that Salvia miltiorrhiza is not entirely fitted into Polish climate conditions. However it seems this interesting species could be acclimatized in Poland.
Initial studies of the populations of fungi and bacteria in the soil under the influence of the cuItivation of spring wheat and winter wheat in a growth chamber
Authors: Pięta Danuta
Published: December 2013

The purpose of the studies was to determine the populations of fungi and bacteria after the cultivation of spring wheat and winter wheat. As a result of the studies it was found out that winter wheat had a stimulating effect on the total number of bacteria, especially Pseudomonas spp. On the other hand, spring wheat had a smaller influence on the growth of bacteria, while stimulating the growth of the number of fungi. Among the bacteria and saprophytic fungi isolated from the soil after the cultivation of particular plants there were microorganisms having antagonistic effect towards phytopathogens . Three times as many antagonists were found in the soil after the cultivation of winter wheat as after the cultivation of spring wheat.
Effect of crustacean chitin on the efficacy of plant growth promoting bacteria in the control of root infecting fungi of sunflower and chickpea
Authors: Sutana Viqar , Ehteshamul-Haque Syed , Ara Jehan , Qasim Rashid , Ghaffar Abdul
Published: December 2013

Soil amendment with crustacean chitin used alone or with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacillus subtilis significantly (p<0,05) reduced infection of Rhizoctonia solani Fusarium solani on sunflower and R.solani on chickpea. Crab chitin used alone or with P.aeruginosa or B.subtilis completely controlled the infection of Macrophomina phaseolina on chickpea. Prawn or shrimp powder used 1% w/w of soil was found phytotoxic on chickpea but not on sunflower. Maximum fresh weight of shoot was produced by P.aeruginosa used with shrimp powder in sunflower and with crab chitin in chickpea. P.aeruginosa produced greater plant height in chickpea used with shrimp chitin.
Response of seed·propagated geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum L. H. Bailey) to application of flurprimidol
Authors: Pobudkiewicz Anna
Published: December 2013

In 1998 and 1999 flurprimidol spray applications to seed-propagated geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum L.H.Bailey) cultivars were made to evaluate efficacy and identify optimum concentration of flurprimidol. Growth retardant was applied as a single spray at O, 7,5, 15 and 22,5 mg L-1, when plants were 9-13 cm in height. The response of plants to flurprimidol application varied depending on geranium cultivar. At the time of flowering the plants sprayed with flurprimidol at concentrations of 7,5, 15 and 22,5 mg L-1 were significantly shorter than the untreated ones. The plant diameter, floret diameter, floret peduncle length and inflorescence diameter of geranium treated with flurprimidol were significantly smaller than those of the control plants. Flurprimidol hastened flowering of geranium cultivars 'Suzan Improved', 'Pinto Salmon' and 'Ringo 2000 Violet' by 5-8 days in 1999 but had no significant effect on days to flowering in 1998. The chemical name used: a-(1-methylethyl)-a-[4-(trifluoromethyloxy)-phenyl]-5-pyrimidine-methanol (flurprimidol).
The effect of storage temperature of cucumber fruit on chlorophyll fluorescence
Authors: Kosson Ryszard
Published: December 2013

The effect of three storage temperature levels: 12,5°C, 20°C, and 1,5°C on basic indexes of chlorophyll fluorescence of cucumber fruits was studied. The greenhouse grown cucumber fruits cv. Wiktor F1 were stored in perforated polyethylene bags or without packages. The minimum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fo), maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fm), variable chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv) and relative variable fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of the cucumber peel were measured. Relative variable fluorescence was decTeasing when cucumbers were stored at temperature lower or higher than optimum level. The chlorophyll fluorescence measurements can be helpful for determination of appropriate temperature parameters of cucumber storage.