bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Stem Cross Section Properties, Height and Heading Date in a Collection of Spanish Durum Wheat Landraces
Authors: Ávila Carmen M. , Requena-Ramírez María Dolores , Rodríguez-Suárez Cristina , Flores Fernando , Sillero Josefina C. , Atienza Sergio G.
Published: June 2021

Durum wheat landraces have a high potential for breeding but they remain underexploited due to several factors, including the insufficient evaluation of these plant materials and the lack of efficient selection tools for transferring target traits into elite backgrounds. In this work, we characterized 150 accessions of the Spanish durum wheat collection for stem cross section, height and heading date. Continuous variation and high heritabilities were recorded for the stem area, pith area, pith diameter, culm wall thickness, height and heading date. The accessions were genotyped with DArTSeq markers, which were aligned to the durum wheat ‘Svevo’ genome. The markers corresponding to genes, with a minor allele frequency above 5% and less than 10% of missing data, were used for genome-wide association scan analysis. Twenty-nine marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified and compared with the positions of previously known QTLs. MTAs for height and heading date co-localized with the QTLs for these traits. In addition, all the MTAs for stem traits in chromosome 2B were located in the corresponding synteny regions of the markers associated with lodging in bread wheat. Finally, several MTAs for stem traits co-located with the QTL for wheat stem sawfly (WSS) resistance. The results presented herein reveal the same genomic regions in chromosome 2B are involved in the genetic control of stem traits and lodging tolerance in both durum and bread wheat. In addition, these results suggest the importance of stem traits for WSS resistance and the potential of these landraces as donors for lodging tolerance and WSS resistance enhancement. In this context, the MTAs for stem-related traits identified in this work can serve as a reference for further development of markers for the introgression of target traits into elite material.
Lemna minor Cultivation for Treating Swine Manure and Providing Micronutrients for Animal Feed
Authors: Devlamynck Reindert , de Souza Marcella Fernandes , Leenknegt Jan , Jacxsens Liesbeth , Eeckhout Mia , Meers Erik
Published: June 2021

The potential of Lemna minor to valorise agricultural wastewater into a protein-rich feed component to meet the growing demand for animal feed protein and reduce the excess of nutrients in certain European regions was investigated. Three pilot-scale systems were monitored for nine weeks under outdoor conditions in Flanders. The systems were fed with a mixture of the liquid fraction and the biological effluent of a swine manure treatment system diluted with rainwater in order that the weekly N and P addition was equal to the N and P removal by the system. The design tested the accumulation of elements in a continuous recirculation system. Potassium, Cl, S, Ca, and Mg were abundantly available in the swine manure wastewaters and tended to accumulate, being a possible cause of concern for long-operating recirculation systems. The harvested duckweed was characterised for its mineral composition and protein content. In animal husbandry, trace elements are specifically added to animal feed as micronutrients and, thus, feedstuffs biofortified with essential trace elements can provide added value. Duckweed grown on the tested mixture of swine manure waste streams could be considered as a source of Mn, Zn, and Fe for swine feed, while it is not a source of Cu for swine feed. Moreover, it was observed that As, Cd, and Pb content were below the limits of the feed Directive 2002/32/EC in the duckweed grown on the tested medium. Overall, these results demonstrate that duckweed can effectively remove nutrients from agriculture wastewaters in a recirculated system while producing a feed source with a protein content of 35% DM.
Assessment of General Toxicity of the Glycyrrhiza New Variety Extract in Rats
Authors: Kim Dong-Gu , Lee Jeonghoon , Kim Wonnam , An Hyo-Jin , Lee Jong-Hyun , Chang Jaeki , Kang Sa-Haeng , Song Young-Jae , Jeon Yong-Deok , Jin Jong-Sik
Published: June 2021

The Glycyrrhiza radix (Licorice) is one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in Asian countries, such as China, India, and Korea. It has been traditionally used to treat many diseases, including cough, cold, asthma, fatigue, gastritis, and respiratory tract infections. A Glycyrrhiza new variety, Wongam (WG), has been developed by the Korea Rural Development Administration and revealed pharmacological effects. However, the potential adverse effects of WG have not been revealed yet. This study evaluates the general toxicity of the WG extract through a single and repeated oral dose toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. After single oral dose administration, no significant toxicological changes or mortality was observed up to 5000 mg/kg. Over a 4-week repeated oral dose toxicity study, no adverse effects and target organs were observed up to 5000 mg/kg/day. Over a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity study, no mortality or toxicological changes involving ophthalmology, water consumption, or hematology were observed up to 5000 mg/kg/day. Although other parameters were changed, the alterations in question were not considered toxicologically significant, since responses remained within normal ranges and were not dose-dependent. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of WG was higher than 5000 mg/kg/day, and no target organs were identified in rats.
Combined Proteomic and Physiological Analysis of Chloroplasts Reveals Drought and Recovery Response Mechanisms in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Chen Silin , Li Ping , Tan Shunling , Pu Xiaojun , Zhou Ying , Hu Keming , Huang Wei , Liu Li
Published: June 2021

Chloroplasts play essential roles in plant metabolic processes and stress responses by functioning as environmental sensors. Understanding chloroplast responses to drought stress and subsequent recovery will help the ability to improve stress tolerance in plants. Here, a combined proteomic and physiological approach was used to investigate the response mechanisms of Nicotiana benthamiana chloroplasts to drought stress and subsequent recovery. Early in the stress response, changes in stomatal movement were accompanied by immediate changes in protein synthesis to sustain the photosynthetic process. Thereafter, increasing drought stress seriously affected photosynthetic efficiency and led to altered expression of photosynthesis- and carbon-fixation-related proteins to protect the plants against photo-oxidative damage. Additional repair mechanisms were activated at the early stage of recovery to restore physiological functions and repair drought-induced damages, even while the negative effects of drought stress were still ongoing. Prolonging the re-watering period led to the gradual recovery of photosynthesis at both physiological and protein levels, indicating that a long repair process is required to restore plant function. Our findings provide a precise view of drought and recovery response mechanisms in N. benthamiana and serve as a reference for further investigation into the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying plant drought tolerance.
The In Vitro α-Glucosidase Inhibition Activity of Various Solvent Fractions of Tamarix dioica and 1H-NMR Based Metabolite Identification and Molecular Docking Analysis
Authors: Niaz Aamir , Adnan Ahmad , Bashir Rashida , Mumtaz Muhammad Waseem , Raza Syed Ali , Rashid Umer , Tan Chin Ping , Tan Tai Boon
Published: June 2021

The Tamarix dioica (T. dioica) is widely used medicinal plant to cure many chronic ailments. T. dioica is being used to manage diabetes mellitus in traditional medicinal system; however, very little scientific evidence is available on this plant in this context. The current study involves the fractionation of crude methanolic extract of T. dioica using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-butanol. The screening for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was carried out. The in vitro antidiabetic potential was assessed by measuring α-glucosidase inhibition. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined for each fraction. The metabolites were identified using highly sensitive and emerging 1H-NMR technique. The results revealed the ethyl acetate fraction as the most potent with DPPH scavenging activity of 84.44 ± 0.21% and α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 value of 122.81 ± 2.05 µg/mL. The total phenolic and flavonoid content values of 205.45 ± 1.36 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram dried extract and 156.85 ± 1.33 mg quercetin equivalent per gram dried extract were obtained for ethyl acetate fraction. The bucketing of 1H-NMR spectra identified 22 metabolites including some pharmacologically important like tamarixetin, tamaridone, quercetin, rutin, apigenin, catechin, kaempferol, myricetin and isorhamnetin. Leucine, lysine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, and tyrosine were the major amino acids identified in ethyl acetate fraction. The molecular docking analysis provided significant information on the binding affinity among secondary metabolites and α-glucosidase. These metabolites were most probably responsible for the antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of ethyl acetate fraction. The study ascertained the ethnomedicinal use of T. dioica to manage diabetes mellitus and may be a helpful lead towards naturopathic mode for anti-hyperglycemia.
Design and Verification of Two-Stage Brake Pressure Servo Valve for Aircraft Brake System
Authors: Zhang Lilei , Huang Zhipeng , Fu Chengwei , Xu Yuepeng , Wang Yunhe , Kong Xiangdong
Published: June 2021

Wheel braking devices is some of the most widely used landing deceleration devices in modern aircraft. Jet pipe pressure servo valves are widely used in large aircraft wheel brake control systems because of their high anti-pollution ability, high sensitivity and fast dynamic response. However, most brake systems suffer vibration phenomena during the braking process. The pressure servo valve is an important part of the hydraulic brake system, and also an important factor affecting the vibration of the system. In order to solve the vibration problem in the brake system this paper present a two-stage brake pressure servo valve design. We place feedback channels at both ends of the main spool to stabilize the output pressure. In addition, modeling, simulation and experimental verifications are carried out. Firstly, the principle and structure of the pressure servo valve are described. An accurate mathematical model of the two-stage brake pressure servo valve and the testing system is established. Then a simulation analysis is carried out. Finally, a two-stage brake pressure servo valve testing experimental platform system is built for experimental verification. The experimental results show that the mathematical model of the two-stage brake pressure servo valve and the test system established in this paper have high accuracy, and the designed servo valve structure can restrain vibrations. The above research results provide a useful theoretical reference for performance optimization, stability analysis and valve body structure improvement of brake pressure servo valves.
Privacy Intrusiveness in Financial-Banking Fraud Detection
Authors: Găbudeanu Larisa , Brici Iulia , Mare Codruța , Mihai Ioan Cosmin , Șcheau Mircea Constantin
Published: June 2021

Specialty literature and solutions in the market have been focusing in the last decade on collecting and aggregating significant amounts of data about transactions (and user behavior) and on refining the algorithms used to identify fraud. At the same time, legislation in the European Union has been adopted in the same direction (e.g., PSD2) in order to impose obligations on stakeholders to identify fraud. However, on the one hand, the legislation provides a high-level description of this legal obligation, and on the other hand, the solutions in the market are diversifying in terms of data collected and, especially, attempts to aggregate data in order to generate more accurate results. This leads to an issue that has not been analyzed yet deeply in specialty literature or by legislators, respectively, the privacy concerns in case of profile building and aggregation of data for fraud identification purposes and responsibility of stakeholders in the identification of frauds in the context of their obligations under data protection legislation. This article comes as a building block in this direction of research, as it contains (i) an analysis of existing fraud detection methods and approaches, together with their impact from a data protection legislation perspective and (ii) an analysis of respondents’ views toward privacy in case of fraud identification in transactions based on a questionnaire in this respect having 425 respondents. Consequently, this article assists in bridging the gap between data protection legislation and implementation of fraud detection obligations under the law, as it provides recommendations for compliance with the latter legal obligation while also complying with data protection aspects.
Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Microplastics in Tallo River, Makassar, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Wicaksono Ega Adhi , Werorilangi Shinta , Galloway Tamara S. , Tahir Akbar
Published: June 2021

Attention towards microplastic (MP) pollution in various environments is increasing, but relatively little attention has been given to the freshwater-riverine environment. As the biggest city in the eastern Indonesia region, Makassar can be a potential source of MP pollution to its riverine area. This study aimed to determine the spatial trends, seasonal variation, and characteristics of MPs in the water and sediment of Tallo River, as the main river in Makassar. Water samples were collected using a neuston net and sediment samples were collected using a sediment corer. The samples collected contained MPs with an abundance ranging from 0.74 ± 0.46 to 3.41 ± 0.13 item/m3 and 16.67 ± 20.82 to 150 ± 36.06 item/kg for water and sediment samples, respectively. The microplastic abundance in the Tallo River was higher in the dry season and tended to increase towards the lower river segment. Fragments (47.80–86.03%) and lines (12.50–47.80%) were the predominant shapes, while blue (19.49–46.15%) and transparent (14.29–38.14%) were the most dominant color. Polyethylene and polypropylene were the common MP polymers found in the Tallo river. Actions to prevent MP pollution in the Makassar riverine area are needed before MP pollution becomes more severe in the future.
Puritan Projections In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s "The Scarlet Letter" And Stephen King’s "Carrie"
Authors: Anastasova Maria
Published: June 2021

It is considered that the Puritans that populated New England in the 17th century left a distinctive mark on the American culture. The article explores some projections of Puritan legacy in two American novels of different periods – Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter (1850) and Stephen King’s Carrie (1974). After establishing a connection between the Puritan writings and gothic literature, the two novels are analyzed in terms of some Puritan projections, among which are the problem of guilt and the acceptance of an individual in the society. Some references regarding the idea of the witch and the interpretations it bears, especially in terms of the female identity, are also identified. Despite the different approach of the authors in terms of building their characters, those references are mostly used in a negative way, as an instrument of criticism and exposing inconvenient truths.
Clinical use of direct oral anticoagulants in modern practice. Efficiency and safety
Authors: Kadyseva Elvina Ramisovna , Nigmedzyanova Albina Zaynutdinovna , Kulagina Lyudmila Yurievna , Maksimov Maksim Leonidovich
Published: June 2021

The article considers clinical and pharmacological approaches to rational pharmacotherapy with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). The main issues of the mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, and interaction of these medicines, as well as adverse reactions and, consequently, risks associated with taking DOAC, and the principles of selecting direct oral anticoagulants are discussed. The materials are presented on the basis of modern data from domestic and foreign literature.
Features of radiation diagnostics in determining femoral stump defects in primary prosthetics
Authors: Khasanov Rustamzhon Solievich , Shokirov Mahmutali Hotamovich , Turgunboev Farrukh Yusubjonovich , Ruziboev Dilmurod Ruzimetovich
Published: June 2021

This paper is based on a clinical and laboratory study of 43 patients and persons with disabilities who underwent primary prosthetics of the femoral stump. The observations were carried out from 1 month to 6 months after surgery in the period from 2014 to 2019 in the clinic of the National Center for Rehabilitation and Prosthetics of Persons with Disabilities. The results of the complex studies are presented: clinical (orthopedic, neurological), psychological, radiological, ultrasound studies, and Doppler sonography.
A clinical case of hemorrhagic syndrome with simultaneous use of amiodarone and warfarin in an elderly patient
Authors: Nigmedzyanova Albina Zaynutdinovna , Kadyseva Elvina Ramisovna , Kulagina Lyudmila Yurievna , Khaziakhmetova Veronika Nikolaevna , Maksimov Maksim Leonidovich
Published: June 2021

The article considers a clinical case of an adverse drug reaction with simultaneous use of amiodarone and warfarin, manifested by hemorrhagic syndrome. It also provides an overview of data available from domestic and foreign sources regarding the drug interaction of warfarin and amiodarone, as well as the features of pharmacotherapy in elderly patients, including the features of pharmacodynamics in this group of patients. The main result of the presented literature review is the conclusion that doctors in their practice should take into account the possibility of drug interaction and pay attention to this section in the instruction leaflets of medicinal products, especially in the treatment of an elderly patient.
World fintech: main trends
Authors: Evdokimova Yuliya Viktorovna , Shinkareva Olga Vladimirovna
Published: June 2021

Recently, digital technologies in the fi nancial sector have been actively developing. The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 only spurred this process. The result of these events was the structural transformation of the global fi nancial services market, which is the object of this study. The subject of the study is the processes taking place in this market as a result of its digital transformation and the development of fi nancial technologies. Analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction were used as research methods. The multidisciplinary nature of the study should be noted due to the interconnection of sectors such as information technology, fi nancial technology, economic aspects. The study examines the basic characteristics of fi ntech solutions introduced into the practice of the world business, an ecosystem of fi nancial services, reveals the features of such models of the development of fi nancial innovations as USChinese, European and Russian. The impact of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection of COVID-19 on the fi nancial services market was analyzed, it was noted that fi nancial and technological leaders of this sector of the economy can benefi t from the current situation. New criteria for the optimality of fi nancial services are highlighted, in particular, international nature, round-the-clock access, instant conversion with minimal costs and the presence of both fi at money and cryptocurrency. The volume of the global fi ntech market was analyzed, as well as forecasts regarding its development in the future, the volume of global investments in fi ntech in the fi eld of mergers and acquisitions was considered. The main directions of the fi ntech segment development according to the results of the 2019 study were considered and the countries in which this segment is developing most actively were highlighted. The evolution of traditional banks and revealed fi ntech trends in the banking industry in 2020.
Menuju Gereja Apostolik Transformatif
Authors: Pakpahan Gernaida K. R. , Pantan Frans , Handojo Epafras Djohan
Published: June 2021

Peter Wagner, as an expert on church growth, stated that the Apostolic church is a church that is experiencing rapid growth. This claim is made because many Apostolic churches have been built around the world. The church continued the spirit of the apostles at the time of the early church's birth. However, it is important to conduct an in-depth study regarding the realization in the field; whether a thriving Apostolic church is carrying out God's mission or the personal ambition of a charismatic church leader. This study analyzes how the church which is said to be an Apostolic church runs its organization so that it experiences significant growth. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The researcher tries to explore the phenomena and data obtained through respondents about the transformative apostolic church that was developed in the ministry of the Indonesian Bethel Church of Gatot Subroto. In conclusion, GBI Gatot Subroto is a transformative apostolic church, because of several things, such as a visionary church, senior pastors or mentor pastors as apostolic leaders, divine authority and the work of the Holy Spirit have an impact, the church as a center for leadership training and discipleship across generations implements apostolic ministry followed by other gifts/services, prioritizing mission, and focusing on the Kingdom of God.AbstrakPeter Wagner, sebagai salah satu ahli pertumbuhan gereja, menyatakan bahwa gereja Apostolik adalah gereja yang mengalami pertumbuhan secara pesat. Klaim ini disampaikan karena banyak-nya terbangun gereja-gereja beraliran Apostolik di seluruh dunia. Gereja tersebut melanjutkan semangat para rasul pada masa lahirnya gereja mula-mula. Namun, penting untuk dilakukan kajian mendalam terkait realisasi di lapangan; apakah gereja Apostolik yang berkembang menja-lankan misi Allah atau ambisi pribadi dari pemimpin gereja yang berkharismatik. Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana gereja yang dikatakan sebagai gereja Apostolik menjalankan organisa-sinya, sehingga mengalami pertumbuhan yang signifikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Peneliti berusaha mengeksplorasi fenomena dan data-data yang diperoleh melalui responden tentang gereja apostolik transformatif yang dikembangkan dalam pelayanan Gereja Bethel Indonesia Gatot Subroto. Kesimpu-lannya, GBI Gatot Subroto adalah gereja apostolik transformatif, karena beberapa hal, seperti: gereja yang visioner, gembala senior atau gembala pembina sebagai pemimpin kerasulan, otoritas Ilahi dan pekerjaan Roh Kudus berdampak, gereja sebagai pusat pelatihan kepemimpinan dan pemuridan lintas generasi, menerap-kan jawatan rasuli diikuti karunia-karunia/jawatan lainnya, memprioritaskan misi, dan berfokus pada Kerajaan Allah.
MEANS OF PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF FORENSICALLY SIGNIFICANT INFORMATION FOR THE INCREASEMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CRIME SOLVING AND INVESTIGATION
Authors: Nenia O.
Published: June 2021

The research article considers that the investigation of the scene is one of the most important and primary investigative actions, which begins the entire course of the investigation of a criminal offense, and the quality of which directly affects the effectiveness of the solving and investigation of the crime.
The analysis of understanding of the concept of “forensically significant information” by individual scientists, as well as its types and sources is carried out.
Attention is focused on the fact that a successful examination of the place of a criminal offense depends on the correct preparation of the investigator for its conduct. The analysis of scientific sources allows us to state that along with a fairly complete consideration of the issues in terms of the organizational and tactical aspects of the inspection of the scene of a criminal offense, there is a certain gap regarding the protection of the scene. This issue is of an unconditional practical significance and relevance, in particular for avoiding damage and destruction of material objects associated with the circumstances of the crime.
Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the results of the study and development work carried out by the State Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine to create several prototypes of a mobile tent and a special set of protective screens to ensure the safety of forensically significant information during investigative (search) activities.
Analysis of the tactical and technical characteristics of protective equipment of both domestic and foreign production showed that they are very different. There are the tents that are very simple to manufacture and operate; in particular, they do not even have side walls. In turn, there are multifunctional and complex tents, which make it possible to preserve 98% of natural light, provide conditions for research, including the identification of various traces using cyanoacrylate, and even shield the action of wireless communication devices (smartphones, tablets, devices GPS, etc.).
The created samples of protective equipment were the result of a search for optimal characteristics, in particular, the properties of the fabric cover and frame materials. Based on the analysis of the samples of tents and protective screens existing in domestic and foreign markets, as well as the requirements to the forensic support department of the Main Investigation Department of the National Police of Ukraine, including number to its mobility.
THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORENSIC LINGUISTICS
Authors: Svyrydova L.
Published: June 2021

At the stages of preparing materials for conducting a forensic linguistic examination and in the process of research, problematic issues of a procedural and methodological nature arise, which are debatable due to the lack of regulation and the absence of systematic scientific theoretical research in the field of linguistic examination. The analysis of expert practice indicates the need for further developments in the field of forensic linguistic expertise, based on which the author makes proposals for improving the methods of authorship research and the development of directions for further research in the field of semantic and textual research. The author focuses on the need to carry out developments in the field of linguistic expertise, taking into account not only the current practice of conducting forensic linguistic expertise. Also taking into account the generalization of new literary sources, the number of which is increasing and the data of which are of interest to linguistic expertise from the point of view of analyzing emerging in the field of modern linguistics problems, as well as the socio-political situation in the country.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the judicial and investigative authorities appoint linguistic examinations at almost all stages of the consideration of cases/proceedings or the investigation of offenses, and it is also becoming increasingly popular in connection with the appeals of individuals/legal entities. The data of the conducted research can serve as the basis for the creation of new directions of research in the field of forensic linguistic examination and contribute to the development of its theoretical and methodological foundations.
TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAGNETO-OPTICAL IMAGING METHOD IN THE RESEARCH OF RELIEF SIGNS OF THE METAL OBJECTS
Authors: Koshel O.
Published: June 2021

The study of relief marking of metal objects is one of the constantly demanded areas of expert research, especially for objects such as weapons and vehicles.
The question of choosing a research method for these objects, which is constantly topical for an expert, acquires particular relevance in the case of rare and historical objects, new expensive products.
In the last decade, a non-destructive method of magneto-optical imaging, which was developed at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute more than 20 years ago, has been successfully applied abroad for these studies in 40 countries. During this time, the technical implementation of the method has been developed, the technical components of the complex have been significantly improved and changed.
In 2008 basing on the results of practical application on specially designed test objects, including those with three thicknesses of paint coatings, the developers carried out studies in which they assessed the sensitivity of magnetic powder, electrochemical and magneto-optical methods.
Obtained results demonstrated a higher sensitivity of the magneto-optical method for thin-walled objects and the sensitivity for thick-walled objects is not worse than other methods.
Practical application of the modern REGULA 7517 complex in expert studies under various operating conditions confirms its high sensitivity, testifies to the high speed of operation, reliability, autonomy of the complex and wide temperature conditions of use.
The high efficiency of the non-destructive method of magneto-optical imaging makes it possible to consider it as one of the most promising methods in trace studies, as well as in materials science studies, where information on the state and structure of the surface and near-surface layers of metal objects is needed.
METHODS OF SEPARATION AT THE PREPARATORY STAGE OF CRIMINAL EXAMINATION OF MATERIAL EVIDENCE
Authors: Baraniak V.
Published: June 2021

In expert practice, questions often arise related to the separation of research objects from a mixture of dissimilar particles of solid materials, liquids of different densities, emulsions, and two-phase media. During the study, physical and chemical separation methods are used.
The choice of the separation method depends on the percentage composition and properties of the mixture and its constituent components. Expert research is carried out using various separation methods: by mass (inertial), by size, electrical, magnetic, radiometric, photometric, etc. Chemical separation is its separate type.
The analysis of expert practice indicates that separation is mainly applied during the forensic investigation of metals and alloys (solids), drugs (solids, liquid substances) and petroleum products (liquid substances).
The article analyzes the methods of separation at the preparatory stage of the expert study of micro-particles of precious metals and handicraft drugs.
Forensic investigation of products made of metals and alloys is one of the most difficult, since the detection and separation of micro-particles of the metal under study from other metal particles and their subsequent identification require the use of both chemical and instrumental research methods.
The separation of the metal under study from the mixture of other metal particles was carried out by the method of mechanical and magnetic separation and chemical (selective dissolution) separation.
In the course of the expert study opium acetylated using chromatographic methods difficulties often arise associated with separation of components due to the presence of large amounts of acetylated opium extractable from poppy straw ballast substances (in particular chlorophyll).
The use of an inertial separation method makes it possible to speed up the separation of an aqueous solution of a narcotic drug emulsion and an extracting organic solvent.
USING THE AUTOCAD COMPUTER PROGRAM IN DETERMINING IDENTIFICATION SIGNS IN THE HANDWRITING EXAMINATION OF SIGNATURES
Authors: Zablotskyi I. , Pereimybida V.
Published: June 2021

The last decades have been characterized by the rapid development of computer technologies and its widespread use in various fields of science, education, production, etc. The sphere of law enforcement is no exception, including the use of these technologies for conducting expert research. At the same time, certain problems of digitalization (translation of information into digital form) of technical and forensic studies and, in particular, studies of handwriting studies, are still observed.
The article deals with the issue of the possibility of using the computer system AutoCAD in determining the identification signs in the handwriting examination of signatures.
Comparing the numerical values of handwriting features obtained for a number of samples and for the objects under study, at the stage of comparative research, it is possible to establish whether the resulting numerical values characterizing some individual graphic features of the signature under study do not go beyond the variability limits determined for samples of signatures of a certain person
Perhaps, by deepening and developing this method, it will be possible to identify such parameters that are characteristic only of the signature of a certain person.
It should be noted that the proposed method of numerical expression of some graphic features of signatures does not cover all the variety of these features. These are signs related to the shape of the movements, direction, curvature, sequence of execution, the method of beginning and ending movements, etc. Such incompleteness needs to be carefully refined and opens wide opportunities for further research.
THE CYBERNETIC MODELING METHOD APPLICATION IN FOREIGN PRACTICE IN WRITING FORENSIC HANDWRITING EXAMINATION
Authors: Dikevych K.
Published: June 2021

This article examines the experience of foreign practice over the past several decades in the field of creating a scientific basis for forensic examination of handwriting, as well as software and software systems that automate some of the examination processes.
Shared with: tools that compute functions and provide visualizations to assist the handwriting researcher; verification methods that ensure the degree of consistency between the questioned and the sample documents; identification methods that narrow the search in the electronic document repository with the authors available in it.
Various methods of computer scanning and pattern recognition, which have been developed over the past 40 years, are investigated to the problems of identification of the writer and the authenticity/personality of handwriting.
It has been established that the ability to use handwriting to identify a person is of great importance for the justice systems and law enforcement agencies. Over the past 30 years, there has been a limited amount of research on the use of computers to improve and automate the analysis performed by forensic handwriting experts.
Based on the study, the need for further research is emphasized to obtain new tools in the form of computer programs for solving identification and diagnostic problems, obtaining new tools in the form of computer programs to identify disguised handwriting, as well as to help restore or decipher damaged or partially destroyed documents
THE USE OF A PIPE CUTTER AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CRIMINAL OFFENSE AT THE TIME OF THEFT OF CABLE AND WIRING PRODUCTS: FEATURES OF IDENTIFICATION RESEARCH
Authors: Miller D.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with a widespread modern device for plumbing work - a pipe cutter for polypropylene pipes, as an adapted instrument of crime in theft of cable and wire products, primarily a telephone cable. The main attention is focused on the following aspects of the problem: design features of a pipe cutter with a ratchet mechanism, in the context of solving identification issues; systematization of traces that the pipe cutter leaves on the surfaces of the constituent elements of the telephone cable; problematic in the study of cut traces on a telephone cable.
The structure of the pipe cutter is considered in detail, with an indication of its main parts.
In accordance with the design features, the type of the considered tool is determined, relative to the existing modern forensic classification.
The features are generalized and systematized that leave the components of the pipe cutter, the complex of which allows you to identify tools of this type in research without a comparative sample.
The main stages of the mechanism of trace formation are modeled, understanding of which makes it possible to trace the areas of the contacting surfaces of the tool. A visual diagram of the phased movement of the pipe cutter blade has been drawn up, which illustrates the mechanism of the formation of certain general and particular features in the cut marks, including simplifying the solution of identification problems.
The article considers the possibility of compiling an information retrieval model of a crime instrument, as well as the effectiveness of its use in operational search activities and the investigation of crimes related to theft of a telephone cable.
The main problematic points identified in practice, in comparative traceological studies of the cut traces left by the pipe cutter, are generalized and explained, among which the most common are a relatively short identification period, the instability of the trace formation mechanism and the limited surface area of the telephone cable elements, on which informative traces remain.
FORENSIC AND ECOLOGICAL EXAMINATION – A NEW DIRECTION OF THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR FORENSIC EXPERTISE OF THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE
Authors: Trifautsan V.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the current environmental situation at the global level in the Republic of Moldova. The National Center for Forensic Expertise, summarizing and analyzing the practice and experience of other countries, presents a new perspective for the development of forensic science in the Republic of Moldova, that is, forensic environmental examination, to identify crimes, objectively study the causes of anthropogenic impact on the environment in accordance with national legislation.
In this article, the author emphasizes that when appointing a forensic environmental forensic examination; the investigator must follow the rules of seizure of objects of examination in accordance with procedural laws and correctly formulate tasks taking into account current legislation, professional knowledge, instructions, methodological and forensic recommendations for conducting such an examination.
FEATURES OF CONDUCTING FORENSIC EXPLOSIVE EXAMINATIONS OF OXYGEN CYLINDERS EXPLOSIONS
Authors: Shmereho O.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the issues on which the procedure for conducting forensic examinations and expert studies related to the study of the circumstances of oxygen cylinder explosions. Conducting such studies is one of the most difficult in explosive examination, because the results of chemical studies of the remains seized at the site of the explosion do not give any results on the explosive transformation of substances and materials. Examination has to be carried out on the results of such phenomena only on those objects that were found at the site of the explosion. However, there is no expert methodology for conducting such research, and the phenomena of such a process have not been fully studied today. The methodological recommendations developed by the staff of the Institute in the main part are not the result of generalizing the literature data. The recommended system of work consisted primarily of processing the material obtained in the process of accumulating experience in fire-technical and explosive-technical expertise and was the result of a generalization of this experience. The structure and content of the recommended research methods is the result of the analysis and generalization of a large amount of factual material over a long period of experts’ work. The provisions in the guidelines are illustrated with examples from practice. In addition to examples of the experts’ work, there are instructive cases of incorrect, unsuccessful solution of certain issues. This is of cognitive value, provides opportunities to more easily, and correctly address issues raised by experts. Yet, this is only the first experience. Therefore, the authors do not claim to be exhaustive of the stated provisions, believing that these recommendations should be improved based on discussions with the practitioners, further accumulation and generalization of facts of similar phenomena and events.
HBIM AS A SOLUTION TO THE ACCOUNTING AND EXPERT RESEARCH OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES
Authors: Komandyrov O. , Levchenko O. , Kosarevska R.
Published: June 2021

The approval by the Ukrainian government of the concept for the introduction of BIM technologies in the construction of Ukraine provides many opportunities for the development and implementation of BIM as a tool for creating archival documentation and storing the state register of cultural heritage sites of Ukraine, in particular architectural monuments.
The application of the principles of BIM technologies to historical buildings is widespread in the EU countries and allows combining 3D-models with textual information (databases) and is included in international practice as HBIM (BIM technologies applicable to the sites of historical heritage). The proposed method of modeling and description using software tools, applying the best excellent achievements, allows improving the state of registration of historical sites, architectural monuments and urban planning on the territory of Ukraine.
MODERN ASPECTS OF FORENSIC ECONOMIC EXAMINATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Authors: Gurin V. , Lupu S. , Lopatenko I.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the legal and methodological aspects of conducting economic and financial forensic examination in the Republic of Moldova, including the main tasks and issues solved by these types of forensic examinations, as well as a new type of forensic examination: engineering and economic. In this article, it is emphasized that the purpose of the general theory of economic and financial forensic examination in the Republic of Moldova is, first of all, to systematize the categories of all types of economic and financial forensic examinations accumulated to date in the Republic of Moldova. The concept of the subject of examination, objects of research, expert tasks, special knowledge of an expert, the concept of expert competence and competence, technology of expert research and many others.
ON THE EXPERT’S COMPETENCE IN SOLVING THE TASKS OF FORENSIC AND ECONOMIC EXAMINATION ON ISSUES LAND PAYMENT CALCULATIONS
Authors: Syvova I.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of issues arising in the conduct of examinations and expert studies related to the determination of the amount of payment for land (rent and land tax).
The purpose of the article is to determine approaches to conducting an expert economic research, when solving problems of calculating land payments. Approaches to documentary and regulatory confirmation of the formation of payments to the budget, the fulfillment of civil and economic and legal obligations have been systematized.
Payment for land is a set of payments provided for by legislation or an agreement, paid by individuals and legal entities in connection with the exercise by them of the rights of the owner or user of a land plot.
The purpose of the conducted expert economic research in solving the problem of calculating land payments is documentary and regulatory confirmation of the formation of budget revenues, the fulfillment of civil and economic and legal obligations and creates significant interest for further scientific research.
ANALYSIS OF PRICE PROPOSALS FOR THE NEW GOODS
Authors: Syrota O.
Published: June 2021

In this article, the issue of setting the market value of the new goods is examined. Inclusion of price proposals for all new goods to the analysis of price proposals results in setting a wrong market value. The new goods category includes many of the goods, which significantly differ by their prices and groundlessly influence on the market value. In fact, these goods are not new but they may be taken by mistake in the analysis of the price proposals.
When carrying out a forensic merchandising examination with a new product, you should carefully check the product, at a price significantly lower. If it is established that it belongs to the refurbished goods, it is impractical to include it for comparison.
Based on the above analysis, we can conclude that in order to establish objectively the market value of new goods, it is necessary to take price proposals for the first and second groups of goods, which were determined at the beginning. Goods belonging to the third group should not be included in the analysis, as this may affect the correctness of the market value determination.
FEATURES MERCHANDISING RESEARCH OF FUR PRODUCTS
Authors: Жиленко  , Новицька
Published: June 2021

Today, the range of fur products on the market is formed mainly due to the products of foreign manufacturers. Every year it is more and more difficult for a consumer to find a product of appropriate quality, since retail chains include in their assortment low-quality goods, the manufacturers of which do not fulfill the quality and safety requirements according to domestic regulatory documents.
The purpose of this article is to study features that affect the quality and grade of fur and finished fur products, study defects and its impact on products, draw up a consistent scheme for researching fur products, analyze consumer properties and evaluate the quality of fur products using mink coats as an example.
A merchandising expert examination of fur goods when determining its market value consists in classifying the goods as one of the classification categories, determining the characteristics of the goods and changing its quality indicators, and establishing the production method. The variety of semi-finished fur products is determined in accordance with the quality of the fur, depending on the maturity of the hairline, the presence of defects, the definition of ridge, size and other characteristics that significantly affect the quality and price of fur raw materials.
The use of the proposed scheme for the study of fur products will allow determining quickly the type, quality and grade of fur and finished fur products, to prevent errors in determining the market value of fake, artificial, dyed and low-quality fur.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EMOTIONAL STATE OF A PERSON IN CASES OF COMPENSATION FOR MORAL HARM, IN CONSEQUENCE OF THE DEATH OF A RELATED PERSON
Authors: Arefina N.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the main aspects, the identification of which is directed by the methodological approach used in expert practice in cases of causing personal suffering and compensation for moral harm. There are highlighted the main stages of the experience of grief in connection with the loss of a loved one. The features and nature of the suffering of the grieving person are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the importance of analyzing the life roles of the plaintiff, their changes under the influence of legal circumstances.
Based on the analysis of special psychological literature, as well as the experience of applying special knowledge in the field of expertise, the nuances of changing the emotional state of a person experiencing grief of loss are noted. The factors that hinder the functioning of the existing and the emergence of new mechanisms of adaptation to the emerging circumstances are noted.