bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Multi-Parametric/Multimodal Spectroscopy Apparatus for Characterization of Functional Interfaces
Authors: Zhou Lang , Arugula Mary , Easley Christopher J , Shannon Curtis , Simonian Aleksandr
Published: December 2015

With increasing significance of characterization in functional interfaces, a Multi-Parametric/Multimodal Spectroscopy Apparatus was proposed here to enhance the power of interface characterization sensing techniques. By designing a novel flowcell and coupling an external laser, this new system has been proved capable of detecting electrochemical proximity assay (ECPA), covalent binding as well as layer-by-layer assembly in an asynchronous and simultaneous fashion. The surface fluorescence was detected successfully after binding of fluorescence labeled pieces and confirmed to be excited by surface plasmon field. This work supplies promising integration of three characterization techniques and will allow a fundamental understanding of the dynamics in the formation of ECPA with an unprecedented level, which can overcome several key limitations of current, widely-used surface characterization technology.
Effect of Oxygen Impurity on Nitrogen Radicals in Post-Discharge Flows
Authors: Shiba Yoshinobu , Teramoto Akinobu , Suwa Tomoyuki , Watanabe Kensuke , Nishimura Shinichi , Shirai Yasuyuki , Sugawa Shigetoshi
Published: December 2015

Because oxygen impurity in the silicon nitride film deteriorate the quality of the nitride film it is important to research the behavior of oxidizing species during the nitride formation process. We investigate the effect of oxygen molecules in the ground state on nitrogen radicals in post-discharge flows using ultra clean gas supply technology. Although oxygen atoms are not only excited directly by the discharge process, but the N2O and O3 are also generated in the gas. The nitrogen radicals in mixture gas of O2 and nitrogen radical easily excite the oxygen molecules and they become oxidizing species. As a result, the nitrogen radicals are inactive, and then oxygen impurity must be reduced in the process using nitrogen radicals.
Alkali Metal Ions Induced Electrochemical Oscillations in H2O2 - H2SO4 - Pt System
Authors: Mukouyama Yoshiharu , Kawasaki Hirokazu , Hara Daisuke , Kikuchi Mitsunobu , Yamada Yuri , Nakanishi Shuji
Published: December 2015

A new electrochemical oscillation, named oscillations J, has been found to appear during the H2O2 reduction on Pt in strongly acidic solutions. It appears both as current and potential oscillations when the salts such as Na2SO4 and K2SO4 are added to the acidic solutions containing H2O2. The appearance of oscillation J is attributed to the presence of alkali metal ions such as Na+ and K+ ions, which increases the local pH at the electrode surface from acidic to basic during H2O2 reduction. Furthermore, oscillation J also appears during H2O2 reduction in strongly basic solutions. Although the role of an N-shaped negative differential resistance (N-NDR) for oscillation J is not clarified yet, oscillation J is probably classified into a coupled N-NDR (CN-NDR) oscillator.
Cellular Toxicity Assessment and Environmental Impact of Pre- and Post-CMP Nanoparticle Slurries
Authors: Kosaraju Karshak , Crawford Steven , Aravamudhan Shyam
Published: December 2015

Nanoparticles (NPs) of silica, ceria and alumina are used as polishing slurries for Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP). However, the regulations for use and toxic levels of ENPs in slurries are yet to be established. NPs’ reactivity along with their cellular toxicity and uptake are largely dependent on their physicochemical characteristics. This paper will also present the correlation between physicochemical properties of NPs and toxicity level so as to design and develop benign CMP ENPs. The current study will present a comparison between pre- and post-CMP slurries containing colloidal silica and ceria NPs. Post-CMP slurry waste were generated by polishing patterned test wafers of HDP oxide were comprehensively characterized using DLS, zeta potential, BET, XRD, FTIR, Raman, SEM and TEM. Next, slurries and waste were exposed to A549 lung epithetical cell lines for 6-48 hours to determine IC50 for cytotoxicity (cell viability and membrane integrity). It was observed that colloidal silica NPs in slurries showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Next, using label-free analytical technique, ICP spectroscopy, we observed that pre- and post-CMP ceria ENPs in slurries, exhibited dose-dependent uptake in A549 cells.
Finite Elements Approach to Predicting Impedance Response of Geometrically Convoluted Samples
Authors: Vanýsek Petr , Vyroubal Petr , Novák Vitězslav , Haňka Jiří
Published: December 2015

Capacitance and resistance are extensive variables that depend on the geometry of a sample. Therefore, to obtained a normalized value, attributable to the material and not the sample shape and dimension, the geometry has to be taken into account. While with certain geometric forms simple division of multiplication, based on length and cross-section can be applied, with more convoluted forms this is not as straightforward. Ideal measurement will be done on samples geometrically simple. However, with awkward shapes or irregular electrode placements, measurements are still done and the geometry effect can be corrected after the fact. As an example is a ceramic disc with grain and boundary resistance and capacitance, that could be encountered in studies of advanced high temperature materials, e.g., for sensors of high-temperature fuel cells. The disks prepared by various methods of synthesis are contacted on their flat sides to the impedance analyzer circuitry. Our study correlates the (simulated) measured data to data that would be expected if perfectly symmetrical all-covering contacts were used.
n-Digit Benford Converges to Benford
Authors: Khosravani Azar , Rasinariu Constantin
Published: December 2015

Using the sum invariance property of Benford random variables, we prove that ann-digit Benford variable converges to a Benford variable asnapproaches infinity.
Prospects for Irradiation in Cellulosic Ethanol Production
Authors: Saini Anita , Aggarwal Neeraj K. , Sharma Anuja , Yadav Anita
Published: December 2015

Second generation bioethanol production technology relies on lignocellulosic biomass composed of hemicelluloses, celluloses, and lignin components. Cellulose and hemicellulose are sources of fermentable sugars. But the structural characteristics of lignocelluloses pose hindrance to the conversion of these sugar polysaccharides into ethanol. The process of ethanol production, therefore, involves an expensive and energy intensive step of pretreatment, which reduces the recalcitrance of lignocellulose and makes feedstock more susceptible to saccharification. Various physical, chemical, biological, or combined methods are employed to pretreat lignocelluloses. Irradiation is one of the common and promising physical methods of pretreatment, which involves ultrasonic waves, microwaves,γ-rays, and electron beam. Irradiation is also known to enhance the effect of saccharification. This review explains the role of different radiations in the production of cellulosic ethanol.
Design of a Preview Controller for Discrete-Time Systems Based on LMI
Authors: Li Li , Liao Fucheng
Published: December 2015

A preview controller design method for discrete-time systems based on LMI is proposed. First, we use the difference between a system state and its steady-state value, instead of the usual difference between system states, to transform the tracking problem into a regulator problem. Then, based on the Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, the preview controller ensuring asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system for the derived augmented error system is found. And an extended functional observer is designed in this paper which can achieve disturbance attenuation in the estimation process; as a result, the state of the system can be reconstructed rapidly and accurately. The controller gain matrix is obtained by solving an LMI problem. By incorporating the controller obtained into the original system, we obtain the preview controller of the system under consideration. To make sure that the output tracks the reference signal without steady-state error, an integrator is introduced. The numerical simulation example also illustrates the effectiveness of the results in the paper.
Species Specificity of the Putative Male Antennal Aphrodisiac Pheromone inLeptopilina heterotoma,Leptopilina boulardi, andLeptopilina victoriae
Authors: Weiss Ingmar , Ruther Joachim , Stökl Johannes
Published: December 2015

Male antennal aphrodisiac pheromones have been suggested to elicit female receptiveness in several parasitic Hymenoptera, includingLeptopilina boulardi. None of the proposed pheromones, however, has been fully identified to date. It is also unknown whether these antennal pheromones are species specific, because the species specificity of mate recognition and courtship elicitation inLeptopilinaprevented such experiments. In this study we present an experimental design that allows the investigation of the species specificity of the putative male aphrodisiac pheromone ofL. heterotoma, L. boulardi,andL. victoriae. This is achieved by chemical manipulation of the odour profile of heterospecific females, so that males perceive them as conspecifics and show antennal courtship behaviour. Males courted the manipulated heterospecific females and antennal contact between the male and the female was observed. However, males elicited receptiveness only in conspecific females, never in the manipulated heterospecific females. Chemical analysis showed the presence of species specific unsaturated hydrocarbons on the antennae of males. Only trace amounts of these hydrocarbons are found on the antennae of females. Our results are an important step towards the understanding and identification of antennal pheromones of parasitic wasps.
The Role of miR-378a in Metabolism, Angiogenesis, and Muscle Biology
Authors: Krist Bart , Florczyk Urszula , Pietraszek-Gremplewicz Katarzyna , Józkowicz Alicja , Dulak Jozef
Published: December 2015

MicroRNA-378a (miR-378a, previously known as miR-378) is one of the small noncoding RNA molecules able to regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Its two mature strands, miR-378a-3p and miR-378a-5p, originate from the first intron of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta (ppargc1b) gene encoding PGC-1β. Embedding in the sequence of this transcriptional regulator of oxidative energy metabolism implies involvement of miR-378a in metabolic pathways, mitochondrial energy homeostasis, and related biological processes such as muscle development, differentiation, and regeneration. On the other hand, modulating the expression of proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, or interleukin-8, influencing inflammatory reaction, and affecting tumor suppressors, such as SuFu and Fus-1, miR-378a is considered as a part of an angiogenic network in tumors. In the latter, miR-378a can evoke broader actions by enhancing cell survival, reducing apoptosis, and promoting cell migration and invasion. This review describes the current knowledge on miR-378a linking oxidative/lipid metabolism, muscle biology, and blood vessel formation.
Existence and Uniqueness Results for Fractional Differential Equations with Riemann-Liouville Fractional Integral Boundary Conditions
Authors: Abbas Mohamed I.
Published: December 2015

We prove the existence and uniqueness of solution for fractional differential equations with Riemann-Liouville fractional integral boundary conditions. The first existence and uniqueness result is based on Banach’s contraction principle. Moreover, other existence results are also obtained by using the Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem. An example is given to illustrate the main results.
Coexistence of Takayasu Arteritis and Crohn’s Disease in a Maltese Patient
Authors: Caruana Galizia John Paul , Cassar Paul John
Published: December 2015

Takayasu arteritis (TA) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are uncommon chronic granulomatous disorders affecting the large arteries and the gastrointestinal tract, respectively. At least 40 occurrences of these two conditions in the same patient have been reported in the literature, raising the possibility of an association between them. We report the coexistence of TA and CD in a young Maltese patient and review the literature to discuss possible aetiological mechanisms that might explain this association.
MGL Receptor and Immunity: When the Ligand Can Make the Difference
Authors: Zizzari Ilaria Grazia , Napoletano Chiara , Battisti Federico , Rahimi Hassan , Caponnetto Salvatore , Pierelli Luca , Nuti Marianna , Rughetti Aurelia
Published: December 2015

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) facilitate uptake of carbohydrate antigens for antigen presentation, modulating the immune response in infection, homeostasis, autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the role of the macrophage galactose type C-type lectin (MGL) in the immune response against self-antigens, pathogens, and tumor associated antigens (TAA). MGL is a CLR exclusively expressed by dendritic cells (DCs) and activated macrophages (MØs), able to recognize terminal GalNAc residues, including the sialylated and nonsialylated Tn antigens. We discuss the effects on DC function induced throughout the engagement of MGL, highlighting the importance of the antigen structure in the modulation of immune response. Indeed modifying Tn-density, the length, and steric structure of the Tn-antigens can result in generating immunogens that can efficiently bind to MGL, strongly activate DCs, mimic the effects of a danger signal, and achieve an efficient presentation in HLA classes I and II compartments.
Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, and Phytotoxicity of Tannery Effluent Discharged into Palar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Roy Suki , Nagarchi Lubbnaz , Das Ishita , Mangalam Achuthananthan Jayasri , Krishnamurthy Suthindhiran
Published: December 2015

Ambur, a town located on the banks of Palar River, is considered one of the most polluted areas in India and occupied by hundreds of tanneries and leather product units. The present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effect of discharged tannery effluent (TE) on model agricultural crops, ecofriendly microorganisms, and human blood cells. The phytotoxic effects of TE tested onAllium cepaandLemna minorrevealed inhibition of root growth and significant reduction in number of fronds, protein, and chlorophyll content. Moreover, TE induced chlorosis and tissue necrosis inNostoc muscorumat low concentration (10%). TE has also negative impact on ecofriendly microorganisms,Bacillus thuringiensis,Rhizobium etli, andAspergillus terreuswhich play an important role in the nutrition of plant growth. The genotoxicity of TE was investigated in human leukocytes which showed interference with normal mitotic division with subsequent cell lysis. It also intervened with the normal replication process and induced micronucleus formation in the healthy leukocyte. 5% concentration of TE has been revealed to be toxic to erythrocytes. From this study TE found in the Palar River of Ambur has adverse effects on all the three levels of organisms in ecosystem even at lower concentrations.
Studies on Labour Safety in Construction Sites
Authors: Kanchana S. , Sivaprakash P. , Joseph Sebastian
Published: December 2015

Construction industry has accomplished extensive growth worldwide particularly in past few decades. For a construction project to be successful, safety of the structures as well as that of the personnel is of utmost importance. The safety issues are to be considered right from the design stage till the completion and handing over of the structure. Construction industry employs skilled and unskilled labourers subject to construction site accidents and health risks. A proper coordination between contractors, clients, and workforce is needed for safe work conditions which are very much lacking in Indian construction companies. Though labour safety laws are available, the numerous accidents taking place at construction sites are continuing. Management commitment towards health and safety of the workers is also lagging. A detailed literature study was carried out to understand the causes of accidents, preventive measures, and development of safe work environment. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey, which was distributed among various categories of construction workers in Kerala region. The paper examines and discusses in detail the total working hours, work shifts, nativity of the workers, number of accidents, and type of injuries taking place in small and large construction sites.
Optimization of Trajectory Correction Scheme for Guided Mortar Projectiles
Authors: Zhang Yongwei , Gao Min , Yang Suochang , Fang Dan
Published: December 2015

Guidance with traditional trajectory correction scheme usually starts from the trajectory apex time to reduce drag penalties early in flight; however, this method cannot get the max trajectory correction capability of canards according to our analysis. This paper presents an optimized trajectory correction scheme by taking different control phases of canards in ballistic ascending segment and ballistic descending segment. Simulation indicates that the optimized trajectory correction can improve the trajectory correction capability greatly. The result of an example trajectory and Monte Carlo simulations with the predictive guidance law and the trajectory tracking guidance law testifies the effectiveness of the optimized trajectory correction scheme.
Contribution of Ebullition to Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emission from Water between Plant Rows in a Tropical Rice Paddy Field
Authors: Komiya Shujiro , Noborio Kosuke , Katano Kentaro , Pakoktom Tiwa , Siangliw Meechai , Toojinda Theerayut
Published: December 2015

Although bubble ebullition through water in rice paddy fields dominates direct methane (CH4) emissions from paddy soil to the atmosphere in tropical regions, the temporal changes and regulating factors of this ebullition are poorly understood. Bubbles in a submerged paddy soil also contain high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), implying that CO2 ebullition may occur in addition to CH4 ebullition. We investigated the dynamics of CH4 and CO2 ebullition in tropical rice paddy fields using an automated closed chamber installed between rice plants. Abrupt increases in CH4 concentrations occurred by bubble ebullition. The CO2 concentration in the chamber air suddenly increased at the same time, which indicated that CO2 ebullition was also occurring. The CH4 and CO2 emissions by bubble ebullition were correlated with falling atmospheric pressure and increasing soil surface temperature. The relative contribution of CH4 and CO2 ebullitions to the daily total emissions was 95–97% and 13–35%, respectively.
The Therapeutic Potential of the Ketogenic Diet in Treating Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Storoni Mithu , Plant Gordon T.
Published: December 2015

Until recently, multiple sclerosis has been viewed as an entirely inflammatory disease without acknowledgment of the significant neurodegenerative component responsible for disease progression and disability. This perspective is being challenged by observations of a dissociation between inflammation and neurodegeneration where the neurodegenerative component may play a more significant role in disease progression. In this review, we explore the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. We review evidence that the ketogenic diet can improve mitochondrial function and discuss the potential of the ketogenic diet in treating progressive multiple sclerosis for which no treatment currently exists.
Evaluation of the Relationship between the NRT-Ratio, Cochlear Anatomy, and Insertions Depth of Perimodiolar Cochlear Implant Electrodes
Authors: Mittmann Philipp , Rademacher Grit , Mutze Sven , Hassepass Frederike , Ernst Arneborg , Todt Ingo
Published: December 2015

The position of the cochlear implant electrode array within the scala tympani is essential for an optimal postoperative hearing benefit. If the electrode array changes in between the scalae intracochlearly (i.e., from scala tympani to scala vestibuli), a reduced auditory performance can be assumed. We established a neural response telemetry-ratio (NRT-ratio) which corresponds with the scalar position of the electrodes but shows within its limits a variability. The aim of this study was to determine if insertion depth angle or cochlea size influences the NRT-ratio. The intraoperative electrophysiological NRT data of 26 patients were evaluated. Using a flat panel tomography system, the position of the electrode array was evaluated radiologically. The insertion depth angle of the electrode, the cochlea size, and the NRT-ratio were calculated postoperatively. The radiological results were compared with the intraoperatively obtained electrophysiological data (NRT-ratio) and statistically evaluated. In all patients the NRT-ratio, the insertion depth angle, and the cochlea size could be determined. A significant correlation between insertional depth, cochlear size, and the NRT-ratio was not found. The NRT-ratio is a reliable electrophysiological tool to determine the scalar position of a perimodiolar electrode array. The NRT-ratio can be applied independent from insertion depth and cochlear size.
Study of Electrical Conductivity and Microcosmic Structure of Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Films Doped by Boron
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Zhao Yuqing
Published: December 2015

A type of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) film that was doped by boron (ta-C:B) is focused on in this paper. The ta-C film is prepared by filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) technique and then doped with boron using the thermal diffusion method. Then the microcosmic structure and electrical conductivity of the ta-C are characterized by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method and four-probe method, respectively. The results show that the conductivity of ta-C:B is significantly increased; the resistivity decreases from 1.5 × 106 Ω·cm to 350 Ω·cm approximately, while the percentage of sp3bonds in the film is changed from 87% to 60% approximately. It means that this type of film preserved the mechanical characteristics of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films and improved the electrical characteristics greatly at the same time.
Effect of the Side Chains and Anode Material on Thermal Stability and Performance of Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells Using DPP(TBFu)2Derivatives as Donor Materials
Authors: Kovalenko Alexander , Honová Jana , Vala Martin , Luňák Stanislav , Fekete Ladislav , Horáková Petra , Dokládalová Lenka , Kubáč Lubomír , Weiter Martin
Published: December 2015

An optimized fabrication of bulk-heterojunction solar cells (BHJ SCs) based on previously reported diketopyrrolopyrrole donor, ethyl-hexylated DPP(TBFu)2, as well as two new DPP(TBFu)2derivatives with ethyl-hexyl acetate and diethyl acetal solubilizing side-chains and PC60BM as an acceptor is demonstrated. Slow gradual annealing of the solar cell causing the effective donor-acceptor reorganization, and as a result higher power conversion efficiency (PCE), is described. By replacing a hole transporting layer PEDOT:PSS with MoO3we obtained higher PCE values as well as higher thermal stability of the anode contact interface. DPP(TBFu)2derivative containing ethyl-hexyl acetate solubilizing side-chains possessed the best as-cast self-assembly and high crystallinity. However, the presence of ethyl-hexyl acetate and diethyl acetal electrophilic side-chains stabilizes HOMO energy of isolated DPP(TBFu)2donors with respect to the ethyl-hexylated one, according to cyclic voltammetry.
A Clinicopathological Analysis of Soft Tissue Sarcoma with Telangiectatic Changes
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Ae Keisuke , Tanizawa Taisuke , Gokita Tabu , Motoi Noriko , Matsumoto Seiichi
Published: December 2015

Background. Soft tissue sarcoma with a hemorrhagic component that cannot be easily diagnosed by needle biopsy is defined here as soft tissue sarcoma with telangiectatic changes (STST).Methods. We retrospectively reviewed clinicopathological data of STST from 14 out of 784 patients (prevalence: 1.8%) with soft tissue sarcoma.Results. Tumors were found mostly in the lower leg. Histological diagnoses were undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (n=5), synovial sarcoma (n=5), epithelioid sarcoma (n=2), and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and fibrosarcoma (n=1). No history of trauma to the tumor site was recorded in any patient. Needle aspiration transiently reduced the tumor volume, but subsequent recovery of tumor size was observed in all cases. Out of 14 patients, 9 presented with a painful mass. MRI characteristics included intratumoral nodules (64.3%). The local recurrence rate was 14.3%, and the 2-year event-free survival rate was poorer (50%) than that of most sarcomas.Conclusions. STST is unique in its clinicopathological presentation. Painful hematomas without a trauma history, intratumoral nodules within a large hemorrhagic component, and subsequent recovery of tumor size after aspiration are indicative of the presence of STST.
Development of a Cost-Effective Solar/Diesel Independent Power Plant for a Remote Station
Authors: Omogoye Okeolu Samuel , Ogundare Ayoade Benson , Akanji Ibrahim Olawale
Published: December 2015

The paper discusses the design, simulation, and optimization of a solar/diesel hybrid power supply system for a remote station. The design involves determination of the station total energy demand as well as obtaining the station solar radiation data. This information was used to size the components of the hybrid power supply system (HPSS) and to determine its configuration. Specifically, an appropriate software package, HOMER, was used to determine the number of solar panels, deep-cycle batteries, and rating of the inverter that comprise the solar section of the HPSS. A suitable diesel generator was also selected for the HPSS after careful technical and cost analysis of those available in the market. The designed system was simulated using the HOMER software package and the simulation results were used to carry out the optimization of the system. The final design adequately meets the station energy requirement. Based on a life expectancy of twenty-five years, a cost-benefit analysis of the HPSS was carried out. This analysis shows that the HPSS has a lower cost as compared to a conventional diesel generator power supply, thus recommending the HPSS as a more cost-effective solution for this application.
Hopf Bifurcation Analysis and Chaos Control of a Chaotic System withoutilnikov Orbits
Authors: Li Na , Tan Wei , Zhao Huitao
Published: December 2015

This paper mainly investigates the dynamical behaviors of a chaotic system withoutilnikov orbits by the normal form theory. Both the stability of the equilibria and the existence of local Hopf bifurcation are proved in view of analyzing the associated characteristic equation. Meanwhile, the direction and the period of bifurcating periodic solutions are determined. Regarding the delay as a parameter, we discuss the effect of time delay on the dynamics of chaotic system with delayed feedback control. Finally, numerical simulations indicate that chaotic oscillation is converted into a steady state when the delay passes through a certain critical value.
The Stabilization of Continuous-Time Networked Control Systems with Data Drift
Authors: Zhu Qixin , Lu Kaihong , Zhu Yonghong
Published: December 2015

By data drift, we mean the data received by the controller may be different from that sent by the sensor, or the data received by actuator may be different from that sent by the controller. The issues of guaranteed cost control for a class of continuous-time networked control systems with data drift are investigated. Firstly, with the consideration of data drift between sensor and controller, a closed-loop model of networked control systems including network factors such as time-delay and data-dropouts is established. And then, selecting an appropriate Lyapunov function, a guaranteed cost controller in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) is designed to asymptotically stabilize the networked control system with data drift. Finally, simulations are included to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Angiogenesis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Alkim Canan , Alkim Huseyin , Koksal Ali Riza , Boga Salih , Sen Ilker
Published: December 2015

Angiogenesis is an important component of pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Chronic inflammation and angiogenesis are two closely related processes. Chronic intestinal inflammation is dependent on angiogenesis and this angiogenesis is modulated by immune system in IBD. Angiogenesis is a very complex process which includes multiple cell types, growth factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and signal transduction. Lymphangiogenesis is a new research area in the pathogenesis of IBD. While angiogenesis supports inflammation via leukocyte migration, carrying oxygen and nutrients, on the other hand, it has a major role in wound healing. Angiogenic molecules look like perfect targets for the treatment of IBD, but they have risk for serious side effects because of their nature.
CD44, Sonic Hedgehog, and Gli1 Expression Are Prognostic Biomarkers in Gastric Cancer Patients after Radical Resection
Authors: Jian-Hui Chen , Er-Tao Zhai , Si-Le Chen , Hui Wu , Kai-Ming Wu , Xin-Hua Zhang , Chuang-Qi Chen , Shi-Rong Cai , Yu-Long He
Published: December 2015

Aim. CD44 and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling are important for gastric cancer (GC). However, the clinical impact, survival, and recurrence outcome of CD44, Shh, and Gli1 expressions in GC patients following radical resection have not been elucidated.Patients and Methods. CD44, Shh, and Gli1 protein levels were quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association between CD44, Shh, and Gli1 expression and clinicopathological features or prognosis of GC patients was determined. The biomarker risk score was calculated by the IHC staining score of CD44, Shh, and Gli1 protein.Results. The IHC positive staining of CD44, Shh, and Gli1 proteins was correlated with larger tumour size, worse gross type and histological type, and advanced TNM stage, which also predicted shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after radical resection. Multivariate analysis indicated the Gli1 protein and Gli1, CD44 proteins were predictive biomarkers for OS and DFS, respectively. If biomarker risk score was taken into analysis, it was the independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS.Conclusions. CD44 and Shh signaling are important biomarkers for tumour aggressiveness, survival, and recurrence in GC.
Optimum IMFs Selection Based Envelope Analysis of Bearing Fault Diagnosis in Plunger Pump
Authors: Du Wenliao , Wang Zhiyang , Gong Xiaoyun , Wang Liangwen , Luo Guofu
Published: December 2015

As the plunger pump always works in a complicated environment and the hydraulic cycle has an intrinsic fluid-structure interaction character, the fault information is submerged in the noise and the disturbance impact signals. For the fault diagnosis of the bearings in plunger pump, an optimum intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) selection based envelope analysis was proposed. Firstly, the Wigner-Ville distribution was calculated for the acquired vibration signals, and the resonance frequency brought on by fault was obtained. Secondly, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was employed for the vibration signal, and the optimum IMFs and the filter bandwidth were selected according to the Wigner-Ville distribution. Finally, the envelope analysis was utilized for the selected IMFs filtered by the band pass filter, and the fault type was recognized by compared with the bearing character frequencies. For the two modes, inner race fault and compound fault in the inner race and roller of rolling element bearing in plunger pump, the experiments show that a promising result is achieved.
Nanoparticles‐Assisted Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Zhu Kai , Li Jun , Wang Yulin , Lai Hao , Wang Chunsheng
Published: December 2015

Stem cell therapy has attracted increasing attention as a promising treatment strategy for cardiac repair in ischemic heart disease. Nanoparticles (NPs), with their superior physical and chemical properties, have been widely utilized to assist stem cell therapy. With the help of NPs, stem cells can be genetically engineered for enhanced paracrine profile. To further understand the fate and behaviors of stem cells in ischemic myocardium, imaging NPs can label stem cells and be tracked in vivo under multiple modalities. Besides that, NPs can also be used to enhance stem cell retention in myocardium. These facts have raised efforts on the development of more intelligent and multifunctional NPs for cellular application. Herein, an overview of the applications of NPs‐assisted stem cell therapy is given. Key issues and future prospects are also critically addressed.
Immunotolerant Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Updated Review
Authors: Faiella Whitney , Atoui Rony
Published: December 2015

Stem cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic option to regenerate damaged myocardium and restore function after infarct. Current research is focused on the use of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their unique immunomodulatory characteristics and ability to be harvested from young and healthy donors. Both animal and human studies support the immunoprivileged state of MSCs and even demonstrate improvements in cardiac function after transplantation. This research continues to be a topic of interest, as advances will ultimately enable the clinical use of these universal cells for therapy after a myocardial infarction. Updated in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial studies are discussed in detail in the following review.
Differential Proteomic Analysis of Human Placenta‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured on Normal Tissue Culture Surface and Hyaluronan‐Coated Surface
Authors: Wong Tzyy Yue , Chen Ying-Hui , Liu Szu-Heng , Solis Mairim Alexandra , Yu Chen-Hsiang , Chang Chiung-Hsin , Huang Lynn L. H.
Published: December 2015

Our previous results showed that hyaluronan (HA) preserved human placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSC) in a slow cell cycling mode similar to quiescence, the pristine state of stem cells in vivo, and HA was found to prevent murine adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells from senescence. Here, stable isotope labeling by amino acid in cell culture (SILAC) proteomic profiling was used to evaluate the effects of HA on aging phenomenon in stem cells, comparing (1) old and young passage PDMSC cultured on normal tissue culture surface (TCS); (2) old passage on HA‐coated surface (CHA) compared to TCS; (3) old and young passage on CHA. The results indicated that senescence‐associated protein transgelin (TAGLN) was upregulated in old TCS. Protein CYR61, reportedly senescence‐related, was downregulated in old CHA compared to old TCS. The SIRT1‐interacting Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) increased by 2.23‐fold in old CHA compared to old TCS, and is 0.48‐fold lower in old TCS compared to young TCS. Results also indicated that components of endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) pathway were upregulated in old CHA compared to old TCS cells, potentially for overcoming stress to maintain cell function and suppress senescence. Our data points to pathways that may be targeted by HA to maintain stem cells youth.
Salivary Cortisol Levels and Depressive Symptomatology in Consumers and Nonconsumers of Self-Help Books: A Pilot Study
Authors: Raymond Catherine , Marin Marie-France , Hand Anne , Sindi Shireen , Juster Robert-Paul , Lupien Sonia J.
Published: December 2015

The self-help industry generates billions of dollars yearly in North America. Despite the popularity of this movement, there has been surprisingly little research assessing the characteristics of self-help books consumers, and whether this consumption is associated with physiological and/or psychological markers of stress. The goal of this pilot study was to perform the first psychoneuroendocrine analysis of consumers of self-help books in comparison to nonconsumers. We tested diurnal and reactive salivary cortisol levels, personality, and depressive symptoms in 32 consumers and nonconsumers of self-help books. In an explorative secondary analysis, we also split consumers of self-help books as a function of their preference for problem-focusedversusgrowth-oriented self-help books. The results showed that while consumers of growth-oriented self-help books presented increased cortisol reactivity to a psychosocial stressor compared to other groups, consumers of problem-focused self-help books presented higher depressive symptomatology. The results of this pilot study show that consumers with preference for either problem-focused or growth-oriented self-help books present different physiological and psychological markers of stress when compared to nonconsumers of self-help books. This preliminary study underlines the need for additional research on this issue in order to determine the impact the self-help book industry may have on consumers’ stress.
Exercise‐Induced Changes in Caveolin‐1, Depletion of Mitochondrial Cholesterol, and the Inhibition of Mitochondrial Swelling in Rat Skeletal Muscle but Not in the Liver
Authors: Flis Damian Jozef , Olek Robert Antoni , Kaczor Jan Jacek , Rodziewicz Ewa , Halon Malgorzata , Antosiewicz Jedrzej , Wozniak Michal , Gabbianelli Rosita , Ziolkowski Wieslaw
Published: December 2015

The reduction in cholesterol in mitochondria, observed after exercise, is related to the inhibition of mitochondrial swelling. Caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) plays an essential role in the regulation of cellular cholesterol metabolism and is required by various signalling pathways. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged swimming on the mitochondrial Cav‐1 concentration; additionally, we identified the results of these changes as they relate to the induction of changes in the mitochondrial swelling and cholesterol in rat skeletal muscle and liver. Male Wistar rats were divided into a sedentary control group and an exercise group. The exercised rats swam for 3 hours and were burdened with an additional 3% of their body weight. After the cessation of exercise, their quadriceps femoris muscles and livers were immediately removed for experimentation. The exercise protocol caused an increase in the Cav‐1 concentration in crude muscle mitochondria; this was related to a reduction in the cholesterol level and an inhibition of mitochondrial swelling. There were no changes in rat livers, with the exception of increased markers of oxidative stress in mitochondria. These data indicate the possible role of Cav‐1 in the adaptive change in the rat muscle mitochondria following exercise.
Estimating the Evaporation from Irrigation Canals in Northwestern China Using the Double-Deck Surface Air Layer Model
Authors: Liu Suhua , Wang Weizhen , Mori Makito , Kobayashi Tetsuo
Published: December 2015

The evaporation from irrigation canals was estimated by the aerodynamic method based on the double-deck surface air layer model (called “DSAL model” for short hereafter). The DSAL model describes the surface air layer over a canal as a composite air layer with two sublayers, the lower sublayer and the upper sublayer. The lower sublayer is a few tens of centimeters thick and formed by the flowing water, in which there is no advection; the upper sublayer is over the lower sublayer and formed by the surface wind. The results were compared to those obtained by the heat balance method; field experiments were conducted in the middle reaches of the Heihe River in northwestern China. Results showed that cumulative evaporation instances estimated by the DSAL model were equal in order of magnitude to those by the heat balance method on observed days during the daytime (0700~1900 BST). We infer from these experimental results that the evaporation loss in transport in this region is of the order of one percent at most.
Neuregulin 1 Promotes Glutathione‐Dependent Neuronal Cobalamin Metabolism by Stimulating Cysteine Uptake
Authors: Zhang Yiting , Hodgson Nathaniel , Trivedi Malav , Deth Richard
Published: December 2015

Neuregulin 1 (NRG‐1) is a key neurotrophic factor involved in energy homeostasis and CNS development, and impaired NRG‐1 signaling is associated with neurological disorders. Cobalamin (Cbl), also known as vitamin B12, is an essential micronutrient which mammals must acquire through diet, and neurologic dysfunction is a primary clinical manifestation of Cbl deficiency. Here we show that NRG‐1 stimulates synthesis of the two bioactive Cbl species adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) and methylcobalamin (MeCbl) in human neuroblastoma cells by both promoting conversion of inactive to active Cbl species and increasing neuronal Cbl uptake. Formation of active Cbls is glutathione‐ (GSH‐) dependent and the NRG‐1‐initiated increase is dependent upon its stimulation of cysteine uptake by excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), leading to increased GSH. The stimulatory effect of NRG‐1 on cellular Cbl uptake is associated with increased expression of megalin, which is known to facilitate Cbl transport in ileum and kidney. MeCbl is a required cofactor for methionine synthase (MS) and we demonstrate the ability of NRG‐1 to increase MS activity, and affect levels of methionine methylation cycle metabolites. Our results identify novel neuroprotective roles of NRG‐1 including stimulating antioxidant synthesis and promoting active Cbl formation.
Reference Evapotranspiration Changes: Sensitivities to and Contributions of Meteorological Factors in the Heihe River Basin of Northwestern China (1961–2014)
Authors: Du Chaoyang , Yu Jingjie , Wang Ping , Zhang Yichi
Published: December 2015

This paper investigates reference evapotranspiration(ET0)changes, sensitivities to and contributions of meteorological factors in the Heihe River Basin (arid and inland region). Results show that annualET0over the whole basin has increasing trend (2.01 mm·10 yr−2) and there are significant increasing spatial variations from the upper (753 mm yr−1) to the lower (1553 mm yr−1) regions. Sensitivity analysis indicates that relative humidity is the most sensitive factor for seasonal and annualET0change, and the influence is negative. The sensitivity of minimum temperature is the weakest and negative. Contribution analysis shows that the main contributors toET0changes are aerodynamic factors rather than radiative factors. This study could be helpful to understand the response of ecoenvironment to the meteorological factors changes in the Heihe River Basin.
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Expansion in Contact with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in a Hanging Drop Model Uncovers Disadvantages of 3D Culture
Authors: Schmal Olga , Seifert Jan , Schäffer Tilman E. , Walter Christina B. , Aicher Wilhelm K. , Klein Gerd
Published: December 2015

Efficient ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells with a concomitant preservation of stemness and self‐renewal potential is still an unresolved ambition. Increased numbers of methods approaching this issue using three‐dimensional (3D) cultures were reported. Here, we describe a simplified 3D hanging drop model for the coculture of cord blood‐derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). When seeded as a mixed cell suspension, MSCs segregated into tight spheroids. Despite the high expression of niche‐specific extracellular matrix components by spheroid‐forming MSCs, HSPCs did not migrate into the spheroids in the initial phase of coculture, indicating strong homotypic interactions of MSCs. After one week, however, HSPC attachment increased considerably, leading to spheroid collapse as demonstrated by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining. In terms of HSPC proliferation, the conventional 2D coculture system was superior to the hanging drop model. Furthermore, expansion of primitive hematopoietic progenitors was more favored in 2D than in 3D, as analyzed in colony‐forming assays. Conclusively, our data demonstrate that MSCs, when arranged with a spread (monolayer) shape, exhibit better HSPC supportive qualities than spheroid‐forming MSCs. Therefore, 3D systems are not necessarily superior to traditional 2D culture in this regard.
Breaking the Taboo: Illicit Drug Use among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hogendorf Anna M. , Fendler Wojciech , Sieroslawski Janusz , Bobeff Katarzyna , Wegrewicz Krzysztof , Malewska Kamila I. , Przudzik Maciej W. , Szmigiero-Kawko Malgorzata , Sztangierska Beata , Mysliwiec Malgorzata , Szadkowska Agnieszka , Mlynarski Wojciech
Published: December 2015

Background. The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of illicit drug use in a group of Polish adolescents with type 1 diabetes (DM1) in comparison with a national cohort of their healthy peers.Methods. Two hundred and nine adolescents with DM1, aged 15–18 years, were studied in 2013 with an anonymous questionnaire prepared for the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). The control group was a representative sample of 12114 students at the same age who took part in ESPAD in 2011. Metabolic control was regarded as good if self-reported HbA1c was <8% or poor if HbA1c was ≥8%.Results. Lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use was lower among adolescents with DM1 than in the control group [58 (28%) versus 5524 (46%),p=10-5]. Cannabis preparations were the most frequently used substances [38 (18.3%) versus 3976 (33.1%),p=10-5], followed by tranquilizers, sedatives, and amphetamine. Lifetime and last 12-month use of cannabis were associated with poorer glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 8%),p<0.01and 0.02, respectively.Conclusions. Adolescents with DM1 report using illicit drugs to a lesser extent than their healthy peers. The use of cannabis is associated with a poorer metabolic control in teens with DM1.
The Coadministration of N‐Acetylcysteine Ameliorates the Effects of Arsenic Trioxide on the Male Mouse Genital System
Authors: da Silva Raquel Frenedoso , Borges Cibele dos Santos , Villela e Silva Patrícia , Missassi Gabriela , Kiguti Luiz Ricardo Almeida , Pupo André Sampaio , Barbosa Junior Fernando , Anselmo-Franci Janete Aparecida , Kempinas Wilma De Grava
Published: December 2015

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has shown effectiveness in treatment of leukemia but is also associated with reproductive toxicity. Since remediation with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) may mitigate the adverse effects caused by exposure, we assessed the effects of As2O3 and its potential reversibility after exposure cessation or coadministration of NAC. Animals received 0.3 or 3.0 mg/Kg/day of As2O3 subcutaneously and 40 mM of NAC in tap water. As2O3 treatment impaired spermatogenesis and sperm motility and decreased seminal vesicle weight and testosterone serum levels; after suspension of treatment, these parameters remained altered. When NAC was administered, animals showed improvement in sperm parameters and seminal vesicle weight. In vitro epididymal contractility was increased in As2O3‐treated animals. We concluded that As2O3 is toxic to the male mouse genital system by compromising sperm quality and quantity; these effects persisted even after suspension of the treatment. However, the coadministration of NAC ameliorates the harmful effects of the drug on the male genital system.