bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treinamento de manipuladores de alimentos no segmento de fast-food e avaliação da aprendizagem utilizando a metodologia de Plickers
Authors: Silva Márcia Renata da , Nascimento Kamila de Oliveira do
Published: December 2024

O objetivo do trabalho foi treinar manipuladores de alimentos no segmento de fast-food e avaliar o aprendizado utilizando a metodologia de Plickers. Trata-se de uma pesquisa científica quantitativa, exploratória, descritiva e interventiva, que integra uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o treinamento de manipuladores de alimentos em fast-foods na cidade de Piraí-RJ. Para o treinamento dos manipuladores de alimentos, foram aplicadas dinâmicas sobre BPF simples e práticas. A metodologia de Plicklers foi aplicada visando avaliar a consolidação do conhecimento destes manipuladores sobre o conhecimento em Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF). Verifica-se que a maioria dos manipuladores de alimentos são do sexo feminino, 72% (n=8). Antes da aplicação do treinamento, os colaboradores foram avaliados quanto ao entendimento sobre as BPF, onde pode-se observa que 90% (n=10) dos manipuladores de alimentos, sabem corretamente a respeito das práticas não permitidas nos locais de produção. Entretanto, 81% (n=9) não souberam responder o que deve ser feito quando se tem um ferimento nas mãos. Observa-se que mesmo após o treinamento utilizando a metodologia Plickers, os manipuladores possuem dúvidas sobre a correta forma de higienização das mãos, onde 37% (n=4) não souberam responder corretamente. Conclui-se que, após o treinamento, houve melhoria no entendimento sobre a manipulação segura de alimentos, embora ainda haja lacunas, especialmente em relação à higiene das mãos. Assim, é necessária a implementação de treinamentos contínuos e dinâmicas para abordar essas questões.
Efetividade de capacitação em ressuscitação cardiopulmonar na aprendizagem de alunos do curso de Pedagogia
Authors: Sloboda Dyenily Alessi , Haus Thaís , Silva Carla Luiza , Bordin Danielle , Reche Péricles Martim , Bonatto Simonei , Souza Andressa Larissa Dias Muller de
Published: December 2024

Introdução: Dentro do ambiente escolar, professores com treinamento em Suporte Básico de Vida contribuem para uma comunidade mais segura, promovendo uma cultura de prevenção e respostas rápidas às emergências. Objetivo: Demonstrar a efetividade de uma capacitação em Suporte Básico de Vida na aprendizagem de alunos do curso de Pedagogia inseridos em uma Universidade Pública do município de Ponta Grossa/PR. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo quase-experimental, com abordagem quantitativa. O estudo ocorreu em 3 etapas, sendo: 1. Pré-teste, com avaliação do conhecimento teórico prévio dos alunos sobre a manobra de Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar no adulto; 2. Aplicação da capacitação em Suporte Básico de Vida através de uma aula expositiva e simulada; 3. Pós- teste, com aplicação do mesmo instrumento da primeira fase. O teste Exato de McNemar foi utilizado para a análise estatística e o nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 81 alunos, prevalecendo o sexo feminino (96,3%) com média de idade de 27,92 anos. A maioria (81,5%) nunca recebeu capacitação em SBV. A frequência de acertos no pós-teste aumentou significativamente em comparação ao pré-teste. Conclusão: A capacitação mostrou-se efetiva para os alunos, com melhor desempenho sempre no pós-teste. Isso destaca a importância de incluir treinamentos em Suporte Básico de Vida nos currículos universitários, preparando futuros educadores para emergências e promovendo um ambiente escolar mais seguro.
The impact of changes in the mass of an extended charge and a braking cable on the motion of a rocket engine
Authors: Tkachyck Pavlo , Horchinskiy Igor , Velychko Lev , Sorokati Mykola
Published: December 2024

The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war has significantly increased the use of mines and improvised explosive devices. In Ukraine, there are hundreds of square kilometers of minefields and numerous group and individual locations containing mines, ammunition, and other explosive materials. To prevent personnel and equipment losses, demining of these areas is essential. This can be done through both mechanized and manual demining. Roller, hammer, and knife mine plows provide up to a 95% probability of neutralizing explosive devices. However, their tactical and technical characteristics are not favorable for use in close proximity to the enemy. In such cases, extended charges are used to create a passage through the minefield, with a probability of mine neutralization reaching 90%. However, the dynamics of the rocket engine, the extended charge, and the braking cable have not been sufficiently studied. This paper proposes a mathematical model for the movement of this mechanical system, taking into account changes in the mass of rocket fuel, the cable charge, and the braking cable. The resulting system of second-order nonlinear differential equations allows for the assessment of the impact of the rocket engine mass, launch angle, fuel consumption laws, and other factors on the flight range of the rocket engine. The study considered the movement of the mechanical system without considering air resistance. The parameters of the rocket engine's motion (flight range, trajectory height, final speed, and flight duration) were determined for cases where the rocket force is constant and the guide angle is 60°. Future research will focus on determining the effects of the guide angle and the law of changing rocket force on the flight range of the rocket engine.
Assessment of the impact of metrological ensuring technical quality indicators maintenance of military communication equipment
Authors: Sakovych Lev , Ryzhov Yevhen Yevhen , Kuriata Yana , Semekha Serhiy
Published: December 2024

To maintain the necessary level of reliability of military communication equipment during its operation, it is advisable to use maintenance according to the condition, which minimizes the expenditure of forces and resources without reducing the quality of work.
Maintenance is an integral part of operation and includes: checking the parameters for compliance with technical conditions, adjustment, debugging, checking the completeness, control of the technical condition, and if necessary, bringing the parameter values ​​to the norm by searching for faulty product elements and eliminating detected malfunctions. Maintenance is a set of operations to maintain the serviceability or operability of products during their technical operation, which is assessed by duration, labor intensity, and cost. In real time, special attention is paid to maintenance by condition, when product parameters are checked after a certain period of time, and the list of works depends on the results of the check.
Known works are aimed at substantiating the measuring equipment necessary for this, as well as the sequence of checking parameters, but the reliability of the technical condition of the products after the completion of the work is not quantitatively evaluated. Therefore, the article formalizes the procedure for determining the probability of correctly assessing the real technical condition of military communication equipment after its maintenance and quantifying the time of work, which is important for planning the activities of repair bodies. Examples of the use of research results for specific samples of military communication equipment are given. It is noted that the effect of the implementation of the received recommendations is to clarify the maintenance time of military communication equipment by up to 21% and increase the reliability of the assessment of its technical condition when replacing analog measuring equipment with digital ones from 2 to 4.5 times.
Новые тренды и технологии в научной специальности 1.6.15. Землеустройство, кадастр и мониторинг земель
Authors: Атаманов Сергей Александрович , Григорьев Сергей Александрович , Илюшина Татьяна Владимировна , Литвиненко Мария Васильевна , Сизов Александр Павлович
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматриваются новые тренды и технологии в области землеустройства, кадастра и мониторинга земель в контексте научной специальности 1.6.15. Землеустройство, кадастр и мониторинг земель. В условиях цифровой трансформации и внедрения технологий четвертой промышленной революции исследование посвящено анализу современного состояния и перспектив применения сквозных технологий, определенных Национальной технологической инициативой (НТИ), в данной отрасли. Проведен сопоставительный анализ старого и нового паспортов научной специальности, что позволило выделить ключевые направления исследований по технической отрасли науки. Основное внимание уделено разработке и применению таких технологий, как искусственный интеллект, большие данные, геоинформационные системы и технологии распределенных реестров. Результаты исследования выявляют недостаточную проработанность ряда направлений в существующих научных публикациях и патентной базе Роспатента, что подчеркивает необходимость активизации научных исследований в данных областях. Сделаны выводы о необходимости уточнения тематики научных работ в соответствии с актуальными трендами и повышения их значимости для практического применения в землеустройстве и кадастре.
Охрана земель в Республике Казахстан. Рекультивация нарушенных земель в системе устойчивого развития землепользования
Authors: Есжанова Тазакуль Сулейменовна , Жарников Валерий Борисович , Ильиных Анастасия Леонидовна
Published: December 2024

Рекультивация земель в системе устойчивого развития землепользования (УРЗ) играет одну из важных ролей в государстве, поскольку только с использованием ее технологий возможно вернуть к жизни значительные территории выбывших из основных, наиболее значимых для человека видов землепользования. Причин этому немало, но в большинстве случаев все они рукотворные. Казахстан, как и Россия, активно решает подобную проблему, обусловленную масштабным строительством и необходимостью оперативной реабилитации – рекультивации окружающих созданные объекты земель. Поэтому актуальность программ устойчивого землепользования, в первую очередь сельскохозяйственного, особенно высока в развивающихся странах и их регионах. Значимы теория и практика рекультивации, определяющие перспективы ее дальнейшего технологического развития, новые социально–экономические подходы и решения. В этой связи цель данного исследования состоит в том, чтобы представить глобальную значимость проблемы УРЗ и одного из механизмов ее реализации – рекультивацию земель с конкретным примером практики, в том числе нормативной, в Республике Казахстан (РК). В числе решенных задач: установлены требуемые условия и нормативы, составлен проект будущей трансформации территории действующего объекта недропользования, определены наиболее рациональные направления будущего использования восстановленной территории. Проект выполнен по заказу дирекции предприятия с участием специалистов местного муниципалитета в качестве кардинального средства – рекультивации земель, способного устранить значительную часть нанесенного физического и экологического ущерба.
Применение цифровых технологий при проведении мониторинга земель сельскохозяйственного назначения
Authors: Уварова Екатерина Леонидовна
Published: December 2024

Интенсификация выявления в рамках государственного мониторинга земель подвергшихся деградации сельскохозяйственных угодий способствует формированию актуальной информационной базы. Такая база в свою очередь представляет собой первый шаг на пути решения стратегической задачи РФ – вовлечение неиспользуемых земель сельскохозяйственного назначения в оборот. Цель исследования – разработать алгоритм сопровождения проведения мероприятий по мониторингу земель с помощью QGIS для уточнения неиспользуемых площадей сельскохозяйственных угодий. Усовершенствование мониторинга земель сельскохозяйственного назначения с помощью внедрения цифровых технологий при его проведении способно значительно сократить временные затраты. Разработанный автором алгоритм проведения мониторинга земель с помощью ГИС затрагивает все его составляющие: наблюдение, оценку и прогнозирование. Предлагаемая в рамках оценки двухэтапная классификация сельскохозяйственных угодий учитывает как степень зарастания, так и вид древесно-кустарниковой растительности, что в дальнейшем позволит не только рассчитать материальные затраты на вовлечение угодий в хозяйственный оборот, но и наметить комплекс культур-технических мероприятий по восстановлению сельскохозяйственных угодий. Представленная автором техника выполнения прогнозирования степени зарастания сельскохозяйственных угодий основана на встроенных функциях Qgis (cвободная географическая информационная система с открытым кодом), что делает ее доступной для использования. В общем виде алгоритм прогнозирования представляет собой экстраполяцию графическим способом. Апробация исследования произведена по материалам Лужского района Ленинградской области.
Автоматизированная сегментация и классификация данных мобильного лазерного сканирования для векторизации контурной части топографического плана городской территории
Authors: Алтынцева Марина Анатольевна , Комиссаров Александр Владимирович , Алтынцев Максим Александрович
Published: December 2024

Для сокращения времени, затрачиваемого на создание топографических планов, требуется разрабатывать специальные методики, которые, в первую очередь, зависят от применяемого метода получения данных и уровня застройки территории. Наибольшую сложность представляет собой решение этой задачи на основе данных лазерного сканирования, в том числе мобильного, полученных для городских территорий. Если создание высотной части по данным лазерного сканирования в большей степени автоматизировано за счет возможности применения методов распознавания точек поверхности земли, их прореживания, создания по ним горизонталей и надписей отметок высот, то контурная часть создается в основном полностью с помощью интерактивных операций. В связи с этим задача повышения уровня автоматизации создания контурной части топографического плана является наиболее актуальной. Для решения этой задачи предложено последовательно применять ряд методов автоматической сегментации и классификации массивов точек лазерных отражений с целью повышения точности автоматизированного распознавания отображаемых на топографических планах контуров или упрощения их интерактивной векторизации. На основе всех предлагаемых методов разработана методика автоматизированного создания топографических планов по данным мобильного лазерного сканирования, которая учитывает недостатки существующих методик их обработки. Предлагаемая методика апробирована по данным мобильного лазерного сканирования, полученным на протяженную городскую улицу. Представлены результаты применения оптимальных для городской территории методов сегментации и классификации.
Разработка алгоритма классификации плотных облаков точек на примере городской застройки
Authors: Василенко Дмитрий Владимирович
Published: December 2024

Данные дистанционного зондирования Земли (ДЗЗ), к которым относятся космическая и аэрофотосъемка, воздушное лазерное сканирование являются ценным источником информации об объектах и местности. В результате обработки таких данных с помощью специализированных программных решений создаются различные информационные продукты: ортофотопланы, цифровые модели рельефа и местности, 3D-модели строений, карты, топопланы и другие материалы, используемые в разных отраслях экономики. Появление новых типов съемочной аппаратуры, увеличение объема данных, качественный и количественный рост потребителей материалов ДЗЗ требует постоянного совершенствования программного обеспечения. Если использование нейронных сетей и классификация растров хорошо изучены в случае двумерных изображений, то классификация трехмерных нерегулярных облаков точек еще плохо исследована. В работе рассмотрены подходы к решению этой задачи – проекционные, воксельные, многослойные перцептроны и свертки точек. Цель работы – разработать алгоритм классификации облаков точек, полученных в результате лазерного сканирования или фотограмметрической обработки аэросъемки. Объект исследования – методы автоматической классификации облаков точек. Предмет – алгоритм применения искусственной нейронной сети (ИНС) к облаку точек.
Инструмент визуальной аналитики в рамках концепции No-Code и Low-Code
Authors: Кухаренко Евгений Леонидович
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается импортозамещающий сервис визуализации геопространственных данных, связанных данных и мультимедиаданных без программирования на примере проекта «Федеральные трассы Российской Федерации». Обосновывается новый метод создания сервисов визуализации данных на всех программно-аппаратных платформах, на основе только одной конфигурации с метаданными. Создавая ее интерактивно, визуально, без какого-либо кода, без программирования получаются веб-, мобильные и десктоп приложения. Показаны шаги использования приложения, функционирующего в веб-браузере. Активно применены концепции No-Code и Low-Code, когда непрофессиональный пользователь для решения актуальной отраслевой задачи визуализации данных применяет только конфигурирование программного обеспечения сервиса визуализации данных по предлагаемым шагам авторского алгоритма через адаптивные интерфейсы, формируемые автоматически согласно данным пользователя и непосредственно на основе параметров, ранее установленных пользователем и (или) изменяемых ими интерактивно в виде формализмов для решения поставленной им задачи с созданием приложений для визуализации данных для веб-браузеров, смартфонов и локального приложения ОС Windows. Для создания решения как практического результата применены авторские теоретические подходы как цели авторского исследования, состоящие из принципа метаданных, двух обширных формализмов описания существенных свойств предметной области непрофессионального пользователя и ее визуализации, алгоритма их применения. Цели исследования были достигнуты – разработаны обоснованные теоретические решения, позволяющие без программирования массово создавать приложения визуализации данных с их широким переиспользованием для различных программно-аппаратных платформ одним набором теоретических и практических инструментов, тем самым решив актуальную проблему геоинформатики.
Разработка концепции создания объектов древесной растительности для цифрового двойника местности с использованием геопространственных знаний и данных дистанционного зондирования
Authors: Лебзак Анастасия Олеговна , Лебзак Евгений Викторович , Ступин Владимир Павлович
Published: December 2024

Перспективное направление развития геоинформационных технологий – создание цифровых двойников местности (DTT), которые находят свое применение в самых различных сферах. Цель исследования заключается в разработке концепции создания объектов древесной растительности для цифрового двойника местности с использованием геопространственных знаний и данных дистанционного зондирования. В статье изучен опыт разработки и применения цифровых двойников, в том числе в сфере лесного хозяйства, выявлены единые принципы создания цифровых двойников. В ходе исследования сделан вывод о том, что особенный интерес технология цифровых двойников представляет для лесного хозяйства из-за возможности воссоздания в виртуальном пространстве полного жизненного цикла объектов. Лесные массивы, являясь сложно организованной системой, существуют под влиянием множества факторов, как негативно, так и позитивно воздействующих на их существование и рост. Эти факторы оказывают влияние в разной степени, поэтому решение вопроса о влиянии каждого из них требует привлечения экспертов в области ботаники и лесоводства. Определить степень воздействия каждого из факторов оптимально при помощи метода экспертных оценок. Функционирующий цифровой двойник способен формировать геопространственные знания о местности и наполнять базу геопространственных знаний, аналитические данные, полученные при помощи цифрового двойника, могут оптимизировать процессы, связанные с охраной, восстановлением и управлением лесами.
Penerapan ECDSA dan BLAKE2B Untuk Membentuk Tanda Tangan Digital Sebagai Autentikasi Dokumen
Authors: Amaludin Luthfi , Rahmatulloh Alam
Published: December 2024

Dokumen digital rentan terhadap risiko pemalsuan dan manipulasi, sehingga membutuhkan mekanisme autentikasi yang andal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengatasi celah dalam sistem keamanan dokumen elektronik dengan mengeksplorasi kombinasi Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) dan fungsi hash BLAKE2b. Pendekatan yang digunakan melibatkan implementasi algoritma menggunakan library secp256k1 pada Python, serta pengujian menyeluruh pada dokumen PDF dan DOCX. Proses penandatanganan digital mencakup hashing dokumen menggunakan BLAKE2b untuk menghasilkan message digest unik, yang kemudian ditandatangani dengan kunci privat ECDSA. Verifikasi dilakukan dengan mencocokkan hash baru terhadap tanda tangan digital menggunakan kunci publik. Hasil menunjukkan kombinasi algoritma ini memiliki keunggulan signifikan, dengan waktu verifikasi 10,89% lebih cepat dibandingkan proses penandatanganan. Perbedaan ini diakibatkan oleh variasi kompleksitas operasi pada setiap tahapan. Meskipun metode ini bekerja dengan baik untuk dokumen PDF, ditemukan kendala teknis pada file DOCX terkait keterbatasan panjang hash. Penelitian ini menawarkan pendekatan inovatif untuk meningkatkan autentikasi dokumen digital, memberikan jaminan integritas dan keaslian dokumen elektronik. Hal ini juga membuka peluang untuk eksplorasi lebih lanjut dalam pengembangan sistem tanda tangan digital yang lebih efisien.
Unique target binding by the C-terminal region of FHR1 provides a new perception of aHUS pathology
Authors: Perie Luce , Stippa Selina , Saffer Christoph , Hartmann Andrea , Mörgelin Mathias , Zipfel Svante L. H. , Figge Marc Thilo , Wiech Thorsten , Skerka Christine , Zipfel Peter F.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

FHR1 is a multifunctional human plasma protein with three C-terminal domains, namely short consensus repeats (SCR) 3–5, showing 98% sequence-identity with the complement inhibitor Factor H. We show that FHR1 uses all three C-terminal SCR to make surface contact. The conserved C-terminal regions of FHR1 and Factor H are altered in patients with atypical-hemolytic-uremic-syndrome. Therefore, we compared FHR1 isoforms with sequence-variations in SCR3, and pathogenic mutants with sequence variations in SCR5.

Methods

FHR1 binding to apoptotic cells was evaluated EM and fluorescent microscopy and in kidney biopsies. FHR1 and Factor H variants and mutants were generated and expressed. The variants and mutant proteins were tested in binding studies to C3b , C3d and heparin, in hemolytic assays and for the induction of inflammatory cytokines. The action profiles of FHR1 and Factor H were calculated and compared.

Results

Functional data revealed that residues YVQ vs HLE in SCR3 and LA vs SV in SCR5 altered ligand binding and surface interaction, influenced target recognition and complement control. Amino-acid-sequence variations in SCR3 influenced FHR1 contact with surface constituents, such as glycosaminoglycans. By contrast, SCR5, the most C-terminal domain, was more relevant for C3b/C3d contact. Notably, wild-type FHR1LA selected C3d, while pathogenic aHUS-associated alterations FHR1SV selected C3b. In consequence mutant FHR1SV altered fined-tuned FHR1-directed effector functions while pathogenic Factor HLA modified C3-convertase control.

Discussion

This influences timing of complement control and inflammatory effector actions at modified self-surfaces. Pathogenic FHR1SV, directed to C3b-decorated targets, adds inflammatory activity at a time when C3-convertase control is appropriate and conversely, mutant Factor HLA adds C3-convertase control at C3d-coated surfaces when inflammatory effector functions are favorable. Further, our computational modeling approach confirms such distinct effects of FHR1 monomers and dimers as compared to flexible Factor H. These effects may explain inappropriate timing of complement regulation and inflammation of the aHUS-derived mutant proteins FHR1SV and Factor HLA.
Influence of Perceived Legitimacy and Perceived Value of Professional Association Members on Attitudinal Loyalty
Authors: Sánchez-del-Río-Vázquez María-Elena , Rodríguez-Rad Carlos , Orta-Pérez Manuel , Revilla-Camacho Maria-Ángeles
Published: December 2024

This article explores the discoveries related to organizational legitimacy, focusing on its three key types: pragmatic, moral, and cognitive. It examines how perceived value plays a crucial role in the generation of legitimacy and its direct impact on attitudinal loyalty. The study, based on a survey of 156 members of the Professional Association of Economists of Seville, demonstrates the significant influence of perceived value and legitimacy on the three dimensions of organizational legitimacy and attitudinal loyalty. Based on the findings, the paper recommends a management approach that emphasizes perceived value to reinforce legitimacy, which in turn strengthens loyalty. Another important contribution of our work is that it fills a gap in the literature related to professional association membership loyalty and its antecedents. Further research is suggested to investigate the causes and effects of legitimacy in different organizational contexts.
Temporal Dynamics of Soil Carbon Stocks and Mineralization Rates in Coffea arabica Agroforestry Systems
Authors: Soilueang Phonlawat , Chromkaew Yupa , Mawan Nipon , Wicharuck Suwimon , Kullachonphuri Sasiprapa , Buachun Sureerat , Wu Yu-Ting , Chen Yaoliang , Iamsaard Kesinee , Khongdee Nuttapon
Published: December 2024

The increasing demand for agricultural land is driving deforestation, which contributes to rising greenhouse gas emissions—a primary driver of climate change. Agroforestry systems present a valuable alternative approach for mitigating these emissions. This study investigates the influence of various agroforestry systems on key parameters for assessing soil carbon dynamics, including soil carbon stock, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial respiration (MR) in northern Thailand. The study compared different agroforestry systems, such as coffee monoculture (CA), coffee intercropped with forest trees (CF), coffee intercropped with persimmon trees (CP), and natural forest (NF), as reference areas. Soil samples were collected from three depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) across three seasons (rainy, cold, and summer). Results showed that soil carbon from land use changes from NF to coffee agroforestry systems led to a 12.10% increase in CF and an 11.89% decrease in CP. The CA system showed a non-significant 9.06% decrease compared to the natural forest. MBC levels were higher in the agroforestry coffee areas (CF and CP), comparable to those in NF. However, CA exhibited significantly lower MBC (p < 0.05) compared to other treatments. While MBC and MR showed a positive correlation, higher MBC did not necessarily indicate increased microbial activity or significant dissolved organic carbon (DOC) accumulation. Environmental factors, particularly seasonal variations, significantly influenced the results across all three investigations. This study demonstrates that both agroforestry coffee systems (CF and CP) more effectively mitigate deforestation impacts and enhance soil fertility compared to coffee monoculture. For carbon stock enhancement specifically, CF emerged as the optimal choice.
Research on Soil Erosion Based on Remote Sensing Technology: A Review
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Yang Jiuchun , Li Zhi , Ke Liwei , Li Qingyao , Fan Jianwei , Wang Xue
Published: December 2024

Monitoring and assessing soil erosion is essential for reducing land degradation and ensuring food security. It provides critical scientific insights for developing effective policies and implementing targeted preventive measures. The emergence of remote sensing technology has significantly bolstered soil erosion research, empowering researchers to comprehensively and accurately understand and address soil erosion-related challenges. Consequently, remote sensing has become pivotal in soil erosion research methodologies. In recent years, significant progress has been made in remote sensing research on soil erosion. This study aims to encapsulate the current status and advancements of remote sensing technology applications in soil erosion research. It catalogs commonly used remote sensing data sources and introduces innovative methodologies for detecting soil-erosion-related information utilizing remote sensing data and technology. Furthermore, it delves into the analysis of remote sensing acquisition methods for factors influencing soil erosion and examines the crucial role of remote sensing in prevalent soil erosion simulation and prediction models. Additionally, this study identifies existing challenges in research and outlines the prospects and developmental directions of remote sensing in soil erosion research, emphasizing its potential to contribute to sustainable land management practices and environmental conservation efforts.
The Impact of Resource Spatial Mismatch on the Configuration Analysis of Agricultural Green Total Factor Productivity
Authors: Chen Pengwei , Ding Xuhui , Chen Mo , Song Huiqi , Imran Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Green agriculture represents the future of agricultural transformation in developing countries, such as China. Identifying an effective resource combination path is vital for enhancing the green quality of agriculture in these nations. This study draws on the resource spatial mismatch theory from New Economic Geography, using a “multisource heterogeneous” approach that combines qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) with the EBM-GML index measurement model. Using panel data from 2005 to 2021, the study investigated the effects and mechanisms of spatial resource combinations on improving green agricultural quality. The key findings are as follows: (1) While improving spatial resource misallocation helps boost green agricultural quality, the diversity of resource combination patterns has diminished, decreasing from five modes in 2005 to four in 2021. (2) In terms of mechanisms, reducing externalities, such as pollutant emissions, while strengthening material and human capital offers a potential pathway for improvement. (3) Negative externalities, including emissions from fertilizers and petroleum, significantly hinder improvements in green agricultural quality. (4) The absence of sufficient pesticide and fertilizer resources is a critical factor influencing the outcome. These findings provide practical insights for developing countries seeking to enhance regional resource allocation efficiency and improve agricultural green quality. Additionally, they contribute theoretical support to the enrichment of theories on resource allocation and sustainable agricultural development.
A New Grazing–Vegetation Tradeoff and Coordination Indicator: The Grazing Intensity and Vegetation Cover Harmonization Index (GVCI)
Authors: Huang Qinyi , Chen Jianjun , Li Xinhong , Li Hucheng , Chen Zizhen , Lan Yanping , Ling Ming , You Haotian , Han Xiaowen
Published: December 2024

Overgrazing typically leads to grassland vegetation degradation and reduction, which in turn triggers a series of ecological problems. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the effects of different Grazing Intensities (GIs) on the Vegetation Ecosystem (VE) to achieve sustainable grazing development. This study proposes a new quantitative index, the Grazing Intensity and Vegetation Cover Harmonization Index (GVCI), based on multiple indicators such as fractional vegetation cover (FVC), net primary productivity (NPP), and GI. The GVCI was used to quantify the “Harmonization and Conflict” status between GI and the VE in 39 Prefecture-Level Cities (PLCs) of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and to evaluate the sustainable development level of grazing in different regions. In addition, the Random Forest (RF) model was used to simulate the GVCI development trend of various PLCs from 2015 to 2040. The results showed the following: (1) The GVCI can effectively quantify the response relationship between GI and the VE. The overall GVCI of the QTP was in the “Harmonization” state, with the proportion of areas in the “Harmonization” state fluctuating upwards. (2) The level of economic development intuitively affects the harmonization between grazing and the VE. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one of the important indicators of economic development level. PLCs with higher GDP levels exhibited a strong positive correlation between the GVCI and regional GDP. (3) The simulation results indicate that an increasing number of PLCs on the QTP will shift toward a “Harmonization” state. However, some PLCs in the western regions were still in an “Overload” state, and there is a need for close monitoring of their grazing activities and VE dynamics. The GVCI proposed in this study provides a novel methodology for quantifying the complex relationship between GI and the VE. It offers important scientific support for the sustainable development of grazing in ecologically fragile areas such as the QTP. The research results can be a robust scientific basis for the government to formulate reasonable grazing plans.
Optimizing Cabbage Cultivation in Paddy-Converted Fields Using Discarded Coir Substrates and Controlled Irrigation
Authors: Wang Xin , Lee Yongjae , Kang To , Park Jongseok
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to reuse discarded coir substrates and optimize irrigation as a low-cost solution for addressing waterlogging in paddy-converted farmland. We employed a 2 × 4 factorial design, with two cultivation methods consisting of paddy soil (PS) and coir substrates (CS), and four irrigation levels (IL) set as 140% crop evapotranspiration (ETc140), 100% ETc (ETc100), 60% ETc (ETc60), and non-irrigated control (ETc0). We evaluated the growth and physiological characteristics of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata), including the outer leaf growth, yield components, water use efficiency (WUE), photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content, proline content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and glucosinolates (GLs) content. The results indicated that the interaction between the CS and IL significantly improved cabbage growth, photosynthetic activity, and stress resistance compared with PS. Notably, when CS was combined with ETc100 and ETc60 irrigation levels, cabbage exhibited optimal growth parameters, and CS-ETc60 achieved the highest WUE. This study indicated that using discarded coir substrates combined with appropriate irrigation levels offers an effective and low-cost solution for mitigating waterlogging problems.
Blending of Slow-Release N Fertilizer and Urea Improve Rainfed Maize Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency While Reducing Apparent N Losses
Authors: Guo Jinjin , Yang Hanran , Yuan Yong , Yin Pengzhou , Zhang Nv , Lin Zhizhao , Ma Qichang , Yang Qiliang , Liu Xiaogang , Wang Haidong , Zhang Fucang
Published: December 2024

Effective nitrogen (N) management practices are essential for achieving efficient and sustainable agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to improve N use efficiency (NUE) and minimize N loss by optimizing the rate and type of N fertilizer application while maintaining a high yield of maize. A two-year field experiment with U (urea), S (slow-release N fertilizer), and SU (blending of S and U) under four N application levels (N1: 90 kg ha−1, N2: 120 kg ha−1, N3: 180 kg ha−1, N4: 240 kg ha−1) was conducted to investigate their effects on ammonia (NH3) volatilization, residual soil nitrate N (NO3−-N), yield, NUE, apparent N losses of rainfed maize. NH3 volatilization in SU and S were 38.46% and 16.57% lower than that in U, respectively. SU and S were found to reduce the apparent N losses by 42.98% and 62.23%. SU decreased NO3−-N leaching in deep soils and increased NO3−-N content in topsoil. Compared with U and S, SU significantly increased yield, plant N accumulation, and NUE. SUN4 achieved the maximum maize yield and plant N accumulation, averaging 7968.36 kg ha−1 and 166.45 kg ha−1. In addition, the high yield and NUE were obtained when the mixing ratio of S and U was 53–58% and the N application rate was 150–220 kg ha−1. The findings highlight that SU effectively reduces N losses while ensuring high yield, which could be used as one of the optimal N fertilization strategies for rainfed maize in Northwest China.
Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation Effects on In Vitro Oocyte Maturation, Lipid Peroxidation, and Embryonic Development in Prepubertal and Aging Thai–Holstein Cows
Authors: Ratchamak Ruthaiporn , Authaida Supakorn , Koedkanmark Thirawat , Boonkum Wuttigrai , Chankitisakul Vibuntita
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on in vitro oocyte maturation, lipid peroxidation, and embryonic development in prepubertal and aging Thai–Holstein cows. First, we used slaughterhouse-derived oocytes to confirm that CoQ10 (50 μM) significantly enhanced cleavage (53.33% vs. 37.50%) and blastocyst formation rates (46.81% vs. 27.50%). Thereafter, oocytes were collected from four prepubertal and four aging cows via ovum pick-up and matured in vitro with or without CoQ10 supplementation. The follicular development and oocyte quality were assessed. Aging cows exhibited significantly more follicles (24.00 vs. 16.67) and greater oocyte recovery (16.67 vs. 11.67) than prepubertal cows. Additionally, CoQ10 supplementation significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels in aging cows (1.28 vs. 0.61 nmol/mL), indicating reduced lipid peroxidation. Finally, CoQ10 significantly improved cleavage rates in both age groups (prepubertal: 22.50 to 32.50%; aging: 41.71 to 65.00%) and blastocyst formation rates in aging cows (prepubertal: 17.50 to 20.00%; aging: 31.44 to 53.72%). These results suggest that CoQ10 supplementation enhances oocyte maturation and embryonic development, particularly in aging cows, likely by mitigating oxidative stress and supporting mitochondrial function. Therefore, CoQ10 may be a valuable supplement in assisted reproductive technologies for improving reproductive efficiency in cattle breeding programs.
Green Silver Nanoparticles: An Antibacterial Mechanism
Authors: Mikhailova Ekaterina O.
Published: December 2024

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a promising tool in the fight against pathogenic microorganisms. “Green” nanoparticles are especially valuable due to their environmental friendliness and lower energy consumption during production, as well as their ability to minimize the number of toxic by-products. This review focuses on the features of AgNP synthesis using living organisms (bacteria, fungi, plants) and the involvement of various biological compounds in this process. The mechanism of antibacterial activity is also discussed in detail with special attention given to anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing activities. The toxicity of silver nanoparticles is considered in light of their further biomedical applications.
Safety and Effectiveness of BPaL-Based Regimens to Treat Multidrug-Resistant TB: First Experience of an Italian Tuberculosis Referral Hospital
Authors: Gualano Gina , Musso Maria , Mencarini Paola , Mosti Silvia , Cerva Carlotta , Vittozzi Pietro , Mazzarelli Antonio , Cannas Angela , Navarra Assunta , Ianniello Stefania , Faccendini Paolo , Palmieri Fabrizio
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is preventable and curable, but multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) pose significant challenges worldwide due to the limited treatment options, lengths of therapies, and high rates of treatment failure. The management of MDR-TB has been revolutionized by all oral anti-TB drug regimens that are likely to improve adherence and treatment outcomes. These regimes include bedaquiline (B), pretomanid (P), and linezolid (L) (BPaL), and moxifloxacin if resistance to fluoroquinolones is not detected (BPaLM). Based on the evidence generated by the TB-PRACTECAL and ZeNix randomized controlled trials, BPaL/BPaLM regimens are recommended over the currently recommended longer regimens in patients with MDR-TB or monoresistance to rifampin (RR). To our knowledge, no data are currently available on the implementation of BPaL/BPaLM regimens in Italy. Results: Seventeen patients completed the BPaL/BPaLM regimen, with a treatment success rate of 90% (17/19), consistent with the literature data. Eleven patients out of the nineteen retained in care (58%) complained about symptoms consistent with adverse events (AEs). No treatment interruption was necessary due to AEs. Methods: Here, we report the real-world experience of a tertiary referral hospital for TB in Italy, from 2022 to 2024, in the management, outcomes, and adverse drug reactions of a cohort of twenty-two MDR/RR patients treated with BPaL and BPaLM regimens. Conclusions: BPaL-containing regimens also serve as promising options for patients with RR/MDR-TB in terms of real-life experience, but further multicentric studies are required in Europe to confirm the efficacy of shorter regimens to eliminate MDR TB.
Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability for a Hospital Building Using Field Data and Various Numerical Analyses Considering Bidirectional Ground Motion Effects
Authors: Kharazian Alireza , Guardiola-Villora Arianna , Galiana-Merino Juan José , Molina Sergio , Ortuño-Sáez Gonzalo , Soler-Llorens Juan Luís , Huesca-Tortosa José Antonio , Gómez Igor , Montiel-López David
Published: December 2024

For the assessment of seismic effects on RC buildings, the real structural condition has to be modelled as accurately as possible. Medical facilities and hospitals have to resist seismic actions and remain operational after seismic events. For this reason, a detailed seismic vulnerability assessment of a hospital building located in Orihuela, Spain, is presented in this paper using a combination of field monitoring data and numerical analysis. Ambient noise measurements from field monitoring using Raspberry Shake-based sensors are used to capture dynamic characteristics that describe the building behaviour. Data from these sensors were used to update and refine the finite element model of the structure for a detailed analysis of the building’s seismic performance. The different analytical procedures included both elastic and inelastic modelling, as well as static and dynamic assessments, to provide an exhaustive evaluation of the building’s behaviour under seismic loads. In the numerical model, the effect of masonry infill walls is considered, taking into account detailed material properties and structural configurations. Furthermore, the study carefully selects ground motion records representing two limit states—Damage Limitation (DL) and Severe Damage (SD)—to conduct an extensive seismic analysis. In each limit state applied to the structure, there are 14 bidirectional ground motions with components alternately directed along the two principal directions of the building. This analysis evaluated the structural response, focusing on torsional effects, inter-storey drift ratios, and the seismic performance of individual components. The results were compared to other analysis types, considering both overall and localised behaviour, to determine the reliability of different approaches. The findings support the idea that field monitoring data should be combined with advanced modelling techniques to achieve a more accurate evaluation of the building’s seismic vulnerability, considering bidirectional effects.
Statistical Analysis of Cutting Force and Vibration in Turning X5CrNi18-10 Steel
Authors: Felhő Csaba , Namboodri Tanuj
Published: December 2024

X5CrNi18-10 is a corrosion-resistant steel that has become popular in the automotive, marine, food, nuclear, and other industries. Chromium alloyed in the X5CrNi18-10 increases the material’s toughness, which influences the cutting phenomena such as the cutting force and vibration. It is necessary to investigate the effect of the machining parameters on the X5CrNi18-10 turning, particularly the feed, which has significant effects on the cutting phenomena. The objective of this research is to investigate the correlation between the feed and cutting phenomena to improve the product quality, reduce machining disruptions, and optimize the parameters for a low cutting speed and vibration. Statistical analysis has shown promise in identifying the impact of variables using correlation analysis and estimated marginal means plots. This study highlights the findings of the Pearson’s correlation analysis between the feed, active cutting force, and active vibration as well as the estimated marginal means plots between the machining parameters and cutting phenomena. The results indicate that there is a strong correlation between the feed and active cutting force with a coefficient of correlation of 0.688, as well as the feed and active vibration with a coefficient of correlation of 0.697. The estimated marginal means plots indicate that as the cutting speed increases, the value of the active vibration and the active force decreases.
Effect of Nonlinear Hysteresis Details of Isolation System on In-Structure Response Spectra
Authors: Lee Seung Jae , Kim Jung Han
Published: December 2024

To evaluate the seismic safety of components in a structure, an in-structure response spectrum (ISRS) must be obtained, and this also applies to seismically isolated structures. The main variables for designing seismic isolators are effective stiffness and effective damping, which can be given as the characteristic strength and secondary stiffness in seismic isolators for nonlinear behaviors. Many studies on the ISRS of isolated structures have been conducted to evaluate the effects of these two variables of isolators, but the effect of other variables related to the hysteresis curve of isolators also needs to be studied. This study focused on the effect of the initial stiffness of isolators on an ISRS because there were no clear criteria for determining the initial stiffness in isolator design standards, which has an effect on the ISRS that cannot be ignored. As a result, the initial stiffness contributed significantly to the ISRS not only at the natural frequency of the structure but also at low frequencies. An analysis was also performed in terms of the uncertainty of each variable. The sharpness of the yield point in the hysteresis curve was implemented using the Bouc–Wen model, and its impact was analyzed. In addition, the frequency content of the ISRS depending on the seismic intensity, which can considerably change the nonlinear hysteresis behavior, was examined. Through this study, although secondary stiffness and characteristic strength are the most important characteristics of seismic isolation design, it was confirmed that other variables also have a significant impact on the frequency content of an ISRS. Based on this study, the considerations when developing the ISRS of an isolated structure can be established.
Identification of Allergenic Tropomyosins with Known and Unknown Sequences in Seafood Products
Authors: Godlewska Marta , Minkiewicz Piotr , Darewicz Małgorzata , Iwaniak Anna
Published: December 2024

Invertebrate tropomyosins belong to the key food allergens. Several peptides likely to be released during proteolysis can be found in many sequences of proteins from this family. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of identifying tropomyosins with known and unknown amino acid sequences in unheated, boiled and fried seafoods. The workflow included in silico proteolysis simulation of tropomyosin sequences and analysis of the distribution of resulting peptides among proteins. The experiment entailed the proteolysis of unheated, boiled and fried products, containing crustaceans or mollusks, and the identification of resulting peptides using LC-MS/MS. Finally, taxonomic lineages of identified peptides were determined. Predicted peptides were identified in unheated samples. The boiling of seafoods resulted in an increase in the length of peptides containing predicted sequences. Some peptides from the boiled samples contained entire linear epitopes. The prediction of tropomyosin cleavage sites failed in the case of fried products. Peptides from the unheated and boiled samples were attributed to crustacean, arthropod or molluscan tropomyosins. In turn, peptides from the fried samples possessed inconclusive taxonomic lineages. Our results show that bioinformatics analysis (especially using Unipept program) may be a viable tool supporting LC-MS/MS experiments aimed at the detection of allergens.