bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transparent Silicone Calcium Fluoride Nanocomposite with Improved Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Schneider René , Lüthi Stefan R. , Albrecht Katrin , Brülisauer Martina , Bernard André , Geiger Thomas
Published: August 2014

Heat dissipation is an important issue in many electronic devices and therefore materials showing high thermal conductivity are required for their construction and packaging. The intrinsically low thermal conductivity of polymeric materials can be improved when employing (nano‐) composites; however, the required high filler content then renders these materials opaque. This paper reports on a composite material that combines high transparency and improved thermal conductivity by using calcium fluoride (CaF2) particles in a silicone elastomer. The refractive index of the silicone matrix is matched to the filler material, light scattering is prevented, and transparent composites with enhanced thermal conductivity at modest filler content (starting at 0.2 volume fraction) are obtained.
Subcritical Hamilton–Jacobi fractional equation in
Authors: Dlotko Tomasz , Kania Maria B.
Published: August 2014

Solvability of Cauchy's problem in
for fractional Hamilton–Jacobi equation (1.1) with subcritical nonlinearity is studied here both in the classical Sobolev spaces and in the locally uniform spaces. The first part of the paper is devoted to the global in time solvability of subcritical equation (1.1) in locally uniform phase space, a generalization of the standard Sobolev spaces. Subcritical growth of the nonlinear term with respect to the gradient is considered. We prove next the global in time solvability in classical Sobolev spaces, in Hilbert case. Regularization effect is used there to guarantee global in time extendibility of the local solution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scattering by a highly oscillating surface
Authors: Bendali A. , Poirier J.‐R.
Published: August 2014

The boundary function method [A. B. Vasil'eva, V. F. Butuzov, and L. V. Kalachev, The boundary function method for singular perturbation problems, SIAM Studies in Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, 1995] is used to build an asymptotic expansion at any order of accuracy of a scalar time‐harmonic wave scattered by a perfectly reflecting doubly periodic surface with oscillations at small and large scales. Error bounds are rigorously established, in particular in an optimal way on the relevant part of the field. It is also shown how the maximum principle can be used to design a homogenized surface whose reflected wave yields a first‐order approximation of the actual one. The theoretical derivations are illustrated by some numerical experiments, which in particular show that using the homogenized surface outperforms the usual approach consisting in setting an effective boundary condition on a flat boundary. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence and uniqueness of solutions of sequential nonlinear fractional difference equations with three‐point fractional sum boundary conditions
Authors: Sitthiwirattham Thanin
Published: August 2014

In this paper, we consider a discrete fractional boundary value problem of the form:
urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3263:mma3263-math-0001
where 0 < α,β≤1, 1 < α + β≤2, λ and ρ are constants, γ > 0, , is a continuous function, and Eβx(t) = x(t + β − 1). The existence and uniqueness of solutions are proved by using Banach's fixed point theorem. An illustrative example is also presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steroid‐induced ocular hypertensive response in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non‐hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: de Queiroz Mendonca Cristiano , de Souza Cristiano Prado , Martins‐Filho Paulo Ricardo Saquete , Viana Simone Santana , Leal Bruno Campelo , Cipolotti Rosana
Published: August 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with use of glucocorticoids in children and adolescents treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. We carried out a prospective descriptive study with measurement of IOP before treatment (D0), 8th (D8), 14th (D14), and 28h days (D28) of treatment. We examined 12 patients, with two cases of ocular hypertension, and it was found a statistically significant difference between the means of IOP between D0 versus D8 and D0 versus D14 (P = 0.013). The possibility of silent ocular hypertension with irreversible blindness indicates the need of IOP verification. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2083–2085. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of VEGFA −583C > T polymorphism on serum VEGF levels and the susceptibility to acute chest syndrome in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Redha Noor A. , Mahdi Najat , Al‐Habboubi Hebah H. , Almawi Wassim Y.
Published: August 2014

We investigated the association of VEGFA −583C > T on VEGF serum levels and acute chest syndrome (ACS) in 351 pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), of whom 90 had ACS, and 261 were ACS‐free controls. Significant differences in −583C > T minor allele and genotype frequencies were seen between ACS cases and controls, evidenced by enrichment of −583T/T genotypes in patients with ACS, which were linked with reduction in VEGF serum levels. VEGFA −583C > T and reduced VEGF serum levels may influence ACS risk in patients with SCD, which will aid in identifying patients with SCD who are at high risk of ACS. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2310–2312. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical phenotype and genetic analysis of RPS19, RPL5, and RPL11 genes in Greek patients with Diamond Blackfan Anemia
Authors: Delaporta Polyxeni , Sofocleous Christalena , Stiakaki Eftichia , Polychronopoulou Sophia , Economou Marina , Kossiva Lydia , Kostaridou Stavroula , Kattamis Antonis
Published: August 2014

Background

Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital, bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by normochromic macrocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia and absence or insufficiency of erythroid precursors in normocellular bone marrow, frequently associated with somatic malformations. Here, we present our findings from the study of 17 patients recorded in the Greek DBA registry.

Procedure

Clinical evaluation of patients and data collection was performed followed by the molecular analysis of RPS19, RPL5, and RPL11 genes. Mutation screening included PCR amplification, ECMA analysis, and direct sequencing.

Results

Congenital anomalies were observed in 71% of the patients. Six patients (35.2%) were found to carry mutations on either the RPS19 gene (three patients,) or the RPL5 gene (three patients). Mutations c.C390G (p.Y130X) and c.197_198insA (p.Y66X) detected in the RPL5 gene were novel. No mutations at the RPL11 gene were identified in Greek patients with DBA.

Conclusions

The clinical course of the patients was similar to previous reports. The occurrence of thyroid carcinoma in an adult patient with DBA is the first to be reported in DBA. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2249–2255. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patient preferences for treatments to delay bone metastases
Authors: Hauber A. Brett , Arellano Jorge , Qian Yi , González Juan Marcos , Posner Joshua D. , Mohamed Ateesha F. , Gatta Francesca , Tombal Bertrand , Body Jean‐Jacques
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND

Most patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) develop bone metastases (BM) and present with bone complications like fracture. Bone‐targeted agents that prevent metastasis‐induced bone complications can cause adverse events. Understanding how patients view treatment options may optimize care. This study aimed to quantify how PCa patients value a hypothetical treatment that delays BM but can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). The study also assessed the value patients place on avoiding metastasis‐induced bone complications versus increased survival.

METHODS

PCa patients from the United Kingdom (n = 201) and Sweden (n = 200) on androgen‐deprivation therapy or hormone therapy for ≥ 3 years completed a 10‐question discrete‐choice‐experiment survey examining whether patients would accept a BM‐delaying treatment. Two time‐tradeoff questions assessed patients' willingness to tradeoff between survival and bone complications. Percentages of patients choosing treatment were summarized by levels of treatment efficacy and ONJ risk. Odds ratios from a logit model were used to evaluate how patient and medication characteristics affected treatment choice. Proportions of patients choosing each tradeoff scenario were calculated.

RESULTS

A majority of patients accepted treatment at the lowest benefit level (5‐month BM delay) and highest risk level (9% ONJ risk). PCa symptoms and prior treatment affected patient preferences. Nearly 80% of patients would tradeoff at least 3 months of survival to avoid bone complications.

CONCLUSIONS

PCa patients in the UK and Sweden may value a medication that delays BM, despite the risk of ONJ. Furthermore, patients were willing to tradeoff up to 5 months of survival for prevention of bone complications. Prostate 74:1488–1497, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapidly evolving narcolepsy‐like syndrome coinciding with severe OSA following pharyngoplasty in Prader‐Willi syndrome
Authors: Blecher Gregory , Wainbergas Natalie , McGlynn Michael , Teng Arthur
Published: August 2014

Our patient with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) not only displayed many typical syndromic features but also presented several unique challenges, with gross velopharyngeal insufficiency necessitating repair and severe obstructive sleep apnea developing thereafter, requiring ongoing non‐invasive ventilation. This coincided with development of a narcolepsy‐like syndrome, treated with dexamphetamine. Cataplexy, hypnogogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, sleep paralysis were absent and HLA‐DQB1*06:02 was negative. Growth hormone (GH) therapy was commenced at 8 months of age and, as recommended, regular polysomnograms were conducted. Adenotonsillar growth on GH therapy is reported as well as several reports of sudden death in PWS patients on GH. Despite GH, lifestyle measures with regular dietician review, and an exercise program, there was progressive excessive weight gain. Our patient also developed moderate tonsil hypertrophy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of severe obstructive sleep apnea secondary to sphincter pharyngoplasty coinciding with rapidly evolving narcolepsy‐like syndrome.
Shell‐Programmed Au Nanoparticle Heterodimers with Customized Chiroptical Activity
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Xu Liguang , Ma Wei , Liu Liqiang , Wang Libing , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai
Published: August 2014

Chiral plasmonic assemblies with strong and tunable chiroptical activity are emerging materials yet challenging to fabricate. Moreover, shell‐programmed chiroptical regulation is really rare. Here, the chiroptical activity of core–shell (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) heterodimers (HDs) with different types and thicknesses of the shell but featuring the same gap was exploited. It was found that the type of shell guided the position of the chiral peaks, and the shell thickness tuned the intensity but also moderately affected the wavelength shift at invariable interparticle distance. Shell deposition intensified the hot‐spot chirality, and evidently guided the enantiomorphous chiral configuration, resulting in a startlingly intense, asymmetric, dipolar coupling strength. The magnitude of the chiroptical activity showed an 8–10 fold enhancement with a maximum anisotropy factor (g‐factor) of 1.5 × 10−2. Shell‐driven chiroptical regulation opens new avenues to feasibly fabricate chiroptically active materials with desired chiroptical response for the development of switchable recognition units for sensitive and various target detections.
Interface Engineering for CVD Graphene: Current Status and Progress
Authors: Wan Xi , Chen Kun , Xu Jianbin
Published: August 2014

In the past decade, graphene and graphene‐like 2D materials have drawn more and more attention in both academia and industry due to their fascinating properties. As an atomically thin 2D layered material, graphene has extremely high environmental susceptibility, that is, its properties are strongly affected by its surroundings. In this review, the current status and progress in graphene interface engineering are systematically discussed, including the interface between graphene (carbon sources) and an underlying growth substrate (catalyst), the interface between graphene and a supporting layer during a transfer process, as well as the interface between graphene and a modified substrate from the viewpoint of device applications. These key techniques involved in graphene synthesis, transfer, and device substrates can be further applied to other related 2D layered materials such as MoS2. Moreover, by combining 2D crystals in one particular stack, 2D‐based heterostructures with desired functionalities can be achieved, which opens up a new avenue for the future applications of 2D layered materials.
A Unique (3,3,4)‐Connected CdII Coordination Polymer with Dicarboxylate and Imidazole‐Containing Coligands: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Luminescent Property
Authors: Jia Huali , Wang Chunjie , Guo Feng
Published: August 2014

The three‐dimensional (3D) coordination polymer {[Cd2(4,4′‐sdb)2(tib)(H2O)3]·H2O}n (1) [4,4′‐H2sdb = 4,4′‐sulfonyl‐dicarboxylic acid and tib = 1,3,5,‐tris(1‐imidazolyl) benzene] was prepared by the combination of a V‐shaped 4,4′‐sulfonyl‐dicarboxylic acid and neutral organonitrogen coligands. The structure of the neutral polymeric complex 1 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Complex 1 exhibits a twofold interpenetrated (3,3,4)‐connected 3D architecture with the point symbol (6.82).(64.82).(83). In addition, the luminescent property of complex 1 was investigated.
Mesh Repair Versus Non‐Mesh Repair for Strangulated Inguinal Hernia: Systematic Review with Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hentati Hassen , Dougaz Wajih , Dziri Chadli
Published: August 2014

Background

The optimal technique to cure strangulated inguinal hernia remains controversial. The use of mesh in cases of strangulated hernia is still debated due to the potential risk of infection.

Objective

This systematic review aimed to determine whether or not the mesh repair technique is associated with a higher risk of surgical site infection than non‐mesh techniques for strangulated inguinal hernias in adults.

Methods

An electronic search of the relevant literature was performed on 15 December 2012 using the following databases: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science. Articles reporting a comparison between the mesh repair technique and a non‐mesh technique to treat strangulated inguinal hernias in adults, and published in the English or French language in a peer‐reviewed journal, were considered for analysis. The quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Jadad scoring system. To assess the quality of non‐randomized trials, we used the Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies (MINORS).

Results

A total of 232 papers was found in the initial search; nine were included in the meta‐analysis. The wound infection rate in the mesh repair technique group was lower than in the control group, with a trend towards significance (odds ratio [OR] 0.46, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.20–1.07; p = 0.07). The hernia recurrence rate was lower in the mesh repair group (OR 0.2, 95 % CI 0.05–0.78; p = 0.02).

Conclusion

The mesh repair technique is a good option for the treatment of strangulated inguinal hernias in adults, giving an acceptable wound infection rate and fewer recurrences than non‐mesh repair. Our study does not allow us to recommend the use of mesh in cases of bowel resection. We emphasize that, except the two RCTs, the results are predicated on patient selection bias by careful surgeons. Further RCTs are required to obtain more powerful evidence‐based data.
Characterization of type III TGF‐β receptor expression in invasive breast carcinomas: a potential new marker and target for triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Pang Judy C. , Virani Nilam K. , Kidwell Kelley M. , Kleer Celina G.
Published: August 2014

Invasive breast carcinomas are heterogeneous and exhibit distinct molecular features and biological behavior. Understanding the underlying molecular events that promote breast cancer progression is necessary to improve treatment and prognostication. TGF‐β receptor III (TBR3) is a member of the TGF‐β signaling pathway, with functions in cell proliferation and migration in malignancies, including breast cancer. Recent studies propose that TBR3 may function as a tumor suppressor and that its loss may correlate with disease progression. However, there are limited data on the expression of TBR3 in breast cancer in relationship to tumor type, hormonal receptor status and HER‐2/neu, and patient outcome. In this study, we investigated the expression of TBR3 in a cohort of 205 primary invasive breast carcinomas in tissue microarrays (TMAs), with comprehensive clinical, pathological and follow‐ up information. Sections were stained for TBR3 and evaluated for intensity of reactivity based on a 4‐tiered scoring system (1 to 4; TBR3 low = scores 1–2; TBR3 high = scores 3–4). Of the 205 invasive carcinomas, 123 were luminal type (95 type A, 28 type B), 8 were HER‐2 type, and 62 were triple negative (TN). TBR3 was high in 112 (55 %) and low in 93 (45 %) cases. Low TBR3 was associated with higher histological grade and worse disease free and overall survival, all features of biologically aggressive breast carcinomas. TBR3 was significantly associated with the subtype of breast cancer, as low TBR3 was detected in 95 % of TN compared to 22 % of luminal tumors (p < 0.0001). We discovered a significant association between low TBR3 protein expression, TN breast cancer phenotype, and disease progression. These data suggest that TBR3 loss might be linked to the development of TN breast cancers and pave the way to investigating whether restoring TBR3 function may be a therapeutic strategy against TN breast carcinomas.
The Politics of New African Marriage in Segregationist South Africa
Authors: Healy-Clancy Meghan
Published: August 2014

For the mission-educated men and women known as “New Africans” in segregationist South Africa, the pleasures and challenges of courtship and marriage were not only experienced privately. New Africans also broadcast marital narratives as political discourses of race-making and nation-building. Through close readings of neglected press sources and memoirs, this article examines this political interpolation of private life in public culture. Women’s writing about the politics of marriage provides a lens onto theorizations of their personal and political ideals in the 1930s and 1940s, a period in which the role of women in nationalist public culture has generally been dismissed as marginal by scholars.
Queer Agency in Kenya’s Digital Media
Authors: Mwangi Evan
Published: August 2014

Although scholars have noted the rising potentials for democracy in Africa as a result of increased use of digital media and mobile technologies, there seems to be a disregard or disavowal of queerness as part of that growing democratic space, as well as a related tendency to regard African culture solely in terms of mainstream writing and journalism. This article seeks to bridge this gap in the scholarship by means of a discourse analysis of comments about queer identities that can be found in the digital media (Facebook, chat rooms, blogs, YouTube comments, and online newspaper feedback) in contemporary Kenya. Following work on queer arts and “low” theory, the article explores the possibilities offered by the Internet to challenge homophobia in Kenya. While acknowledging that digital-media venues contain more homophobia than mainstream media (books, television, newspapers) in terms of intensity and quantity, the article demonstrates that they also offer a unique platform in which gay people can respond to homophobic representations of their experiences and desires.
Associations of Parental and Peer Rejection With Preadolescents’ Loneliness: Emotional Sensitivities as Mediators
Authors: Ferguson Samantha , Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J.
Published: August 2014

The pervasive emotional and cognitive experience of loneliness has been linked to rejection experiences and emotional sensitivity, such as rejection sensitivity (RS), defined as the tendency to anxiously expect and overreact to rejection. Moreover, RS is founded on attachment theory and has been described as a correlate of anxiety and avoidance of intimacy in close relationships. The aims of this study of 639 preadolescents (Grades 5 to 7) were to test whether the association between relationship stressors and loneliness is indirect due to the mediational role of RS, and whether the association between RS and loneliness is indirect via anxiety and avoidance of peer intimacy. As expected, regression results showed that adolescents who reported heightened perceptions of parental rejection and victimisation by peers had greater RS, which in turn was associated with adolescents’ greater feelings of loneliness. Also, as predicted, adolescents with heightened RS reported more avoidance and anxiety about peer intimacy. Although anxiety about intimacy mediated the association between RS and loneliness for both boys and girls, avoidance mediated between girls’, but not boys’, RS and loneliness. The findings highlight the interrelations between multiple forms of emotional sensitivities, and the importance of parent-child relationships, peer victimisation, and emotional sensitivity for explaining loneliness.
ON REGULAR GROUPS AND FIELDS
Authors: GOGACZ TOMASZ , KRUPIŃSKI KRZYSZTOF
Published: August 2014

Regular groups and fields are common generalizations of minimal and quasi-minimal groups and fields, so the conjectures that minimal or quasi-minimal fields are algebraically closed have their common generalization to the conjecture that each regular field is algebraically closed. Standard arguments show that a generically stable regular field is algebraically closed. LetKbe a regular field which is not generically stable and letpbe its global generic type. We observe that ifKhas a finite extensionLof degreen, thenP(n)has unbounded orbit under the action of the multiplicative group ofL.

Known to be true in the minimal context, it remains wide open whether regular, or even quasi-minimal, groups are abelian. We show that if it is not the case, then there is a counter-example with a unique nontrivial conjugacy class, and we notice that a classical group with one nontrivial conjugacy class is not quasi-minimal, because the centralizers of all elements are uncountable. Then, we construct a group of cardinality ω1with only one nontrivial conjugacy class and such that the centralizers of all nontrivial elements are countable.
DIOPHANTINE SETS OF POLYNOMIALS OVER ALGEBRAIC EXTENSIONS OF THE RATIONALS
Authors: DEGROOTE CLAUDIA , DEMEYER JEROEN
Published: August 2014

Let L be a recursive algebraic extension of ℚ. Assume that, given α ∈ L, we can compute the roots in L of its minimal polynomial over ℚ and we can determine which roots are Aut(L)-conjugate to α. We prove that there exists a pair of polynomials that characterizes the Aut(L)-conjugates of α, and that these polynomials can be effectively computed. Assume furthermore that L can be embedded in ℝ, or in a finite extension of ℚp (with p an odd prime). Then we show that subsets of L[X]k that are recursively enumerable for every recursive presentation of L[X], are diophantine over L[X].
ONE DIMENSIONAL T.T.T STRUCTURES
Authors: LOWENGRUB DANIEL
Published: August 2014

In this paper we analyze the relationship between o-minimal structures and the notion of ω-saturated one-dimensional t.t.t structures. We prove that if removing any point from such a structure splits it into more than one definably connected component then it must be a one-dimensional simplex of a finite number of o-minimal structures. In addition, we show that even if removing points doesn’t split the structure, additional topological assumptions ensure that the structure is locally o-minimal. As a corollary we obtain the result that if an ω-saturated one-dimensional t.t.t structure admits a topological group structure then it is locally o-minimal. We also prove that the number of connected components in a definable family is uniformly bounded, which implies that an elementary extension of an ω-saturated one-dimensional t.t.t structure is t.t.t as well.
MODEL THEORETIC PROPERTIES OF METRIC VALUED FIELDS
Authors: YAACOV ITAÏ BEN
Published: August 2014

We study model theoretic properties of valued fields (equipped with a real-valued multiplicative valuation), viewed as metric structures in continuous first order logic.

For technical reasons we prefer to consider not the valued field (K, |·|) directly, but rather the associated projective spaces KPn, as bounded metric structures.

We show that the class of (projective spaces over) metric valued fields is elementary, with theory MVF, and that the projective spaces Pn and are Pm biinterpretable for every n, m ≥ 1. The theory MVF admits a model completion ACMVF, the theory of algebraically closed metric valued fields (with a nontrivial valuation). This theory is strictly stable (even up to perturbation).

Similarly, we show that the theory of real closed metric valued fields, RCMVF, is the model companion of the theory of formally real metric valued fields, and that it is dependent.
RELATIVE PREDICATIVITY AND DEPENDENT RECURSION IN SECOND-ORDER SET THEORY AND HIGHER-ORDER THEORIES
Authors: KENTARO SATO
Published: August 2014

This article reports that some robustness of the notions of predicativity and of autonomous progression is broken down if as the given infinite total entity we choose some mathematical entities other than the traditionalω. Namely, the equivalence between normal transfinite recursion scheme and newdependent transfinite recursionscheme, which does hold in the context of subsystems of second order number theory, does not hold in the context of subsystems of second order set theory where the universeVof sets is treated as the given totality (nor in the contexts of those ofn+3-th order number or set theories, where the class of alln+2-th order objects is treated as the given totality).
CONSERVATIONS OF FIRST-ORDER REFLECTIONS
Authors: ARAI TOSHIYASU
Published: August 2014

The set theory ΚΡΠN+1 for ΠN+1-reflecting universes is shown to be ΠN+1-conservative over iterations of ΠN-recursively Mahlo operations for each N ≥ 2.
Gender equality in African customary law: has the male ultimogeniture rule any future in Botswana?
Authors: Fombad Charles Manga
Published: August 2014

The actual and perceived conflicts between customary law and human rights law, especially in issues dealing with gender equality, have remained a major challenge in Africa. Some of these conflicts are further complicated by the varying and contradictory interpretation of some customary laws by the courts. Different approaches have been adopted at different times and in different places to deal with some of these conflicts. One of the most controversial areas of customary law has been the traditional exclusion of women from property inheritance. This paper takes a critical look at how the courts in Botswana have dealt with the issue of the right to inherit the homestead or family home. It examines this issue in the specific context of the recent case of Ramantele v Mmusi in which the Court of Appeal had to consider the customary law rule of male ultimogeniture – which permits only the last-born son to inherit the homestead intestate to the exclusion of other siblings, especially females. It argues that courts need to be more proactive and progressive in their approach to dealing with such issues than they have been in the past in order to recognise the nature and extent of changes that are taking place today. The main lesson that can be drawn from the Botswana case is that if customary law is to survive and develop, more needs to be done to promote research and scholarship in this area and judges also need to take advantage of this research and deal with these customary law disputes with knowledge, understanding and sensitivity.
What Are You Reading?
Authors: Solga Kim
Published: August 2014

In May 2010, a general election in the United Kingdom produced a coalition government headed by David Cameron's Conservatives and (nominally) the Liberal Democrats under deputy PM Nick Clegg. The coalition (still in power in 2014) quickly plunged the nation into a period of postcrash austerity the likes of which had not been seen for generations. When I landed at Heathrow in June 2012 to start a new job at Queen Mary University of London, the ground was thick with casualties—and getting thicker. Significant challenges to the U.K. welfare state have been launched before, of course: most visibly and famously under Margaret Thatcher, perhaps more insidiously and tenaciously under Tony Blair. Blair, having learned the lessons of Thatcher's blunt brutality, was a consummate salesman of the public–private partnership, but in 2010 the facade of “feel good” neoliberalism was almost instantly in danger of cracking. Shortly after the election, Clegg backtracked on his promise not to raise tuition fees, allowing the government to triple university students' annual bills to £9,000. By the end of that year protests had taken over the streets; Brits of all social classes were struggling, and angry.
Nomadic Chutzpah: The Vilna Troupe's Transnational Yiddish Theatre Paradigm, 1915–1935
Authors: Caplan Debra
Published: August 2014

Consider an unlikely scenario. In the midst of World War I, a motley group of Jewish refugees in their teens and early twenties becomes obsessed with the idea of creating a “Yiddish art theatre” modeled upon Stanislavski's famous Russian company. By day they work as laborers, storekeepers, housepainters, and wartime smugglers; by night they teach themselves the basics of acting and stagecraft from outdated Russian and German books. The only theatre building where they can afford to perform is a dilapidated former circus on the outskirts of town, repurposed by the German army as a military stable. The roof leaks, and the stage reeks of horse dung. It is a bitterly cold winter, and since there is no money for heat, the actors rehearse with frozen limbs and thaw their stage makeup over the footlights. They eat one meal a day—a single boiled potato—and rehearsals are routinely interrupted when actors faint from hunger.
Trafficking in Transnational Brands: The New “Broadway-Style” Musical
Authors: Savran David
Published: August 2014

In a theatre world increasingly dominated by multinational corporations, in which brand-name companies make the rounds of international festivals and multilingual performances are bankrolled by consortia of state-supported theatres, the national identity of theatrical productions is becoming more and more difficult to decide. This identity crisis is especially pronounced in the case of the one theatre form that for generations has been associated with a single New York thoroughfare that for people around the world symbolizes singing and dancing, glamor and dazzle. The form to which Broadway is categorically linked, the Broadway musical, may have circumnavigated the globe countless times, but a national and municipal identity remains embedded in its name. In the twenty-first century, however, this jet-setting genre needs to be analyzed less from a national or international perspective than a transnational perspective that emphasizes interconnectedness and the cross-border fluidity of cultures and species of capital. Shows such asThe Lion KingandWickedmay have premiered in New York, but their continuing multibillion-dollar success in cities on six continents suggests that the traffic in the most popular form of theatre in the world can no longer be linked to one metropolis or one national tradition.
Deontology and value
Authors: McNaughton David , Rawling Piers
Published: August 2014

Integration and coherence are central values in human existence. It would be a serious objection to any proposed way of life that it led to us being alienated or cut off from others or from some importan part of ourselves. Morality, with the strenuous demands it makes on us, is one area in which alienation is both particularly threatening and peculiarly undesirable. If morality cuts us off from some important part of ourselves then it appears unattractive, and if it cuts us off from others then it seems self-defeating. While there are few philosophers who take the radical view that morality is, by its very nature, an alienating force, a more common complaint has been that some particular moral theories should be rejected because the picture of moral thought which they offer inevitably leads to the alienation of moral agents. The main target of criticism has been consequentialism, but some deontological theories, especially Kantianism, have also come under attack.
Emotion, Cognition and Action
Authors: Charles David
Published: August 2014

Contemporary philosophers have not, at least until very recently, been much concerned with the study of the emotions. It was not always so. The Stoics thought deeply about this topic. Although they were divided on points of detail, they agreed on the broad outline of an account. In it

emotions are valuational judgments (or beliefs) and resulting affective states.
An extended Arctic proxy temperature database for the past 2,000 years
Authors: McKay Nicholas P. , Kaufman Darrell S.
Published: August 2014

Robust climate reconstructions of the most recent centuries and millennia are invaluable for placing modern warming in the context of natural variability. Here we present an extended and revised database (version 1.1) of proxy temperature records recently used to reconstruct Arctic temperatures for the past 2,000 years. The datasets are presented in a machine-readable format, and have been extended with the geochronologic data and consistently generated time-uncertain ensembles, which will be useful in future analyses of the influence of geochronologic uncertainty. A standardized description of the seasonality of the temperature response for each record, as reported by the original authors, is also included to motivate a more nuanced approach to integrating records with variable seasonal sensitivities. Despite the predominance of seasonal, rather than annual, temperature responders in the database, comparisons with the instrumental record of temperature suggest that, as a whole, the datasets best record annual temperature variability across the Arctic, especially in northeast Canada and Greenland, where the density of records is highest.
Direct Observation of Coherent Oscillations in Solution due to Microheterogeneous Environment
Authors: Das Dipak Kumar , Makhal Krishnandu , Bandyopadhyay Soumendra Nath , Goswami Debabrata
Published: August 2014

We report, for the first time, direct observation of coherent oscillations in the ground-state of IR775 dye due to microheterogeneous environment. Using ultrafast near-infrared degenerate pump-probe technique centered at 800 nm, we present the dynamics of IR775 in a binary mixture of methanol and chloroform at ultra-short time resolution of 30 fs. The dynamics of the dye in binary mixtures, in a time-scale of a few fs to ~740 ps, strongly varies as a function of solvent composition (volume fraction). Multi-oscillation behavior of the coherent vibration was observed, which increased with decreasing percentage of methanol in the dye mixture. Maximum number of damped oscillations were observed in 20% methanol. The observed vibrational wavepacket motion in the ground-state is periodic in nature. We needed two cosine functions to fit the coherent oscillation data as two different solvents were used. Dynamics of the dye molecule in binary mixtures can be explained by wavepacket motion in the ground potential energy surface. More is the confinement of the dye molecule in binary mixtures, more is the number of damped oscillations. The vibrational cooling time, τ2, increases with increase in the confinement of the system. The observed wavepacket oscillations in ground-state dynamics continued until 1.6 ps.
The significance of p40 expression in sclerosing hemangioma of lung
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhang Chang , Qiao Haiguo
Published: August 2014

To explore the histogenesis of cuboidal and polygonal tumor cells in the sclerosing hemangioma of lung (SHL), eighteen cases of SHL were retrospectively studied. SPB, p40, TTF-1,EMA,CKpan, vimentin,SMA, CgA,Syn and CD34 were immunohistochemically labeled by the EnVisionmethod. It was found that the four main types of structure in SHL were solid,papillary, hemorrhagic and sclerotic patterns. The tumor cells were composed mainly of two types of cells: cuboidal tumor cells and polygonal tumor cells. The immunohistochemistry showed that p40 was expressed only in cuboidal tumor cells. TTF-1 and EMA were expressed in both polygonal cells and cuboidal cells. SPB was also expressed in cuboidal tumor cells; vimentin was expressed in all polygonal tumor cells and some cuboidal cells. The findings suggest that the p40-positive cuboidal tumor cells may be pluripotent original respiratory epithelial cells, with multi-directional differentiation capacity.
Functionalized lanthanide coordination polymer nanoparticles for selective sensing of hydrogen peroxide in biological fluids
Authors: Tan Hongliang , Ma Chanjiao , Li Qian , Wang Li , Xu Fugang , Chen Shouhui , Song Yonghai
Published: August 2014

The fluorescence of Phe/Tb CPNPs functionalized with CPBA (Phe/Tb-CPBA CPNPs) was selectively quenched upon the addition of H2O2.
Aptasensor based on tripetalous cadmium sulfide-graphene electrochemiluminescence for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Shi Gui-Fang , Cao Jun-Tao , Zhang Jing-Jing , Huang Ke-Jing , Liu Yan-Ming , Chen Yong-Hong , Ren Shu-Wei
Published: August 2014

A facile label-free electrochemiluminescence aptasensor based on cadmium sulfide–graphene nanocomposites was designed for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen.
Centrifugal microextraction tube-cloud point extraction coupled with gas chromatography for simultaneous determination of six phthalate esters in mineral water
Authors: Lv Yun-Kai , Zhang Wei , Guo Meng-Meng , Zhao Fang-Fang , Du Xiao-Xue
Published: August 2014

In this study, a centrifugal microextraction tube was first fabricated and used for CPE coupled microwave-assisted back-extraction of six phthalates from mineral water.
Design of growth factor sequestering biomaterials
Authors: Belair David G. , Le Ngoc Nhi , Murphy William L.
Published: August 2014

This Feature Article provides an overview of the natural mechanisms of GF sequestering in the cell milieu, and reviews the recent bioengineering approaches that have sequestered GFs to modulate cell function.
Sydnone anions and abnormal N-heterocyclic carbenes ofO-ethylsydnones. Characterizations, calculations and catalyses
Authors: Wiechmann Sascha , Freese Tyll , Drafz Martin H. H. , Hübner Eike G. , Namyslo Jan C. , Nieger Martin , Schmidt Andreas
Published: August 2014

Sydnone anions and their deprotonatedO-ethyl derivatives (aNHCs) form catalytically active Pd complexes.
Crystal-to-crystal transformation in solid-state electrochemical doping of Cl− ions to the nanoporous neutral radical lithium phthalocyanine: revelation of electron–electron correlations in the 1D half-filled system
Authors: Miyoshi Yasuhito , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Awaga Kunio
Published: August 2014

Solid-state electrochemical doping of Cl− ions to nanoporous LiPc crystals induces crystal-to-crystal transformation to LiPc·Clx.
Azobenzene-functionalized iridium(iii) triscyclometalated complexes
Authors: Pérez-Miqueo J. , Telleria A. , Muñoz-Olasagasti M. , Altube A. , García-Lecina E. , de Cózar A. , Freixa Z.
Published: August 2014

Photochromic triscyclometalated iridium(iii) organometallic complexes based on azobenzene-containing phenylpyridyl-type ligands.
Electrode reactions of iron oxide–hydroxide colloids
Authors: Mahmoudi Leila , Kissner Reinhard
Published: August 2014

FeO(OH) colloids adsorb spontaneously on conductors and undergo three subsequent voltammetric reductions.
Control parameters for electrochemically relevant materials: the significance of size and complexity
Authors: Maier J.
Published: August 2014

This contribution is concerned with the control parameters for arriving at defined, electrochemically relevant materials. The treatment is precise as far as the equilibrium situation of simple crystals is concerned, but becomes more and more qualitative if the distance from equilibrium or the (structural or compositional) complexity increases. It proves useful to distinguish between in situ parameters and ex situ parameters, the number ratio of which decreases with increasing distance from equilibrium. A particularly complex situation is met if not only size, shape and phase distribution are important, but even morphological details are of relevance, as it is the case for modern battery electrodes (“electrochemical integrated circuits”). For such cases archetypical examples along with their advantages or disadvantages for electrochemical storage properties are discussed. In this context, special emphasis is placed upon the dimensionality and distribution topology of building elements.
Synthesis, structure, and ionic conductivity of solid solution, Li10+δM1+δP2−δS12 (M = Si, Sn)
Authors: Hori Satoshi , Suzuki Kota , Hirayama Masaaki , Kato Yuki , Saito Toshiya , Yonemura Masao , Kanno Ryoji
Published: August 2014

Solid solutions of the silicon and tin analogous phases of the superionic conductor Li10MP2S12 (M = Si, Sn) were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction in an evacuated silica tube at 823 K. The ranges of the solid solutions were determined to be 0.20 < δ < 0.43 and −0.25 < δ < −0.01 in Li10+δM1+δP2−δS12 (0.525 ≤ k ≤ 0.60 and 0.67 ≤ k ≤ 0.75 in Li4−kM1−kPkS4) for the Si and Sn systems, respectively. The ionic conductivity of these systems varied as a function of the changing M ions: the Si and Sn systems showed lower conductivity than the Ge system, Li10+δGe1+δP2−δS12. The conductivity change for different elements might be due to the lattice size and lithium content affecting the ionic conduction. The relationship between ionic conduction, structure, and lithium concentration is discussed based on the structural and electrochemical information for the silicon, germanium, and tin systems.
Asymmetric benzoylation and Henry reaction using reusable polytopic bis(oxazoline) ligands and copper(ii)
Authors: Torres-Werlé Maria , Nano Adela , Maisse-François Aline , Bellemin-Laponnaz Stéphane
Published: August 2014

Multitopic bis(oxazoline)-based chiral ligands are associated with copper to generate catalysts for the asymmetric benzoylation of meso-hydrobenzoin, the kinetic resolution of rac-hydrobenzoin and the asymmetric Henry reaction.
Neither azeotropic drying, nor base nor other additives: a minimalist approach to 18F-labeling
Authors: Richarz R. , Krapf P. , Zarrad F. , Urusova E. A. , Neumaier B. , Zlatopolskiy B. D.
Published: August 2014

A novel radiofluorination procedure using only precursor and [18F]fluoride without the need for azeotropic drying, base and other ingredients was developed.
Tuning the interaction of an immiscible poly(l-lactide)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) blend by adding poly(methyl methacrylate) via a competition mechanism and the resultant mechanical properties
Authors: Chen Hai-ming , Wang Xiong-fei , Liu Dan , Wang Yang-peng , Yang Jing-hui , Wang Yong , Zhang Chao-liang , Zhou Zuo-wan
Published: August 2014

Through improving the interaction and forming an occlusion structure, significantly improved ductility is achieved by adding PMMA into a PLLA/PVDF blend.
Antioxidant-related and kinetic studies on the reduction effect of catechins and esterified catechins on acrylamide formation in a microwave heating model system
Authors: Cheng Jun , Chen Xinyu , Lu Huangping , Chen Quan , Zhang Yu
Published: August 2014

The reduction effect of catechins and esterified catechins on the kinetic behavior of acrylamide formation and its correlation with the change in antioxidant properties of Maillard reaction products in an equimolar asparagine–glucose microwave heating model system was investigated.
Influence of amine additives on morphology and phase of antimony(iii) oxide nanostructures and study of their optical properties
Authors: Behnoudnia Fatemeh , Dehghani Hossein
Published: August 2014

Preparation and characterization of nanoscaled antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) in the presence of tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) and ethylenediamine (EDA).
Effect of Al(iii) and curcumin on silk fibroin conformation and aggregation morphology
Authors: Yao Ting , Jiang Teng , Pan Deng , Xu Zhi-Xue , Zhou Ping
Published: August 2014

Al(iii) can accelerate the conformation transition of silk fibroin from random coils into β-sheets, and curcumin can reverse the transition.
Functionalized phosphonium based ionic liquids: properties and application in metal extraction
Authors: Barsanti Alessandra Caterina , Chiappe Cinzia , Ghilardi Tiziana , Pomelli Christian Silvio
Published: August 2014

Trioctyl(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) and trioctyl(4-vinylbenzyl) phosphonium based ILs have been used with success as hydrophobic polar extraction media for metal ions recover from water.
On the use of analogy to connect core physical and chemical concepts to those at the nanoscale
Authors: Muniz Marc N. , Oliver-Hoyo Maria T.
Published: August 2014

Nanoscale science remains at the forefront of modern scientific endeavors. As such, students in chemistry need to be prepared to navigate the physical and chemical concepts that describe the unique phenomena observed at this scale. Current approaches to integrating nanoscale topics into undergraduate chemistry curricula range from the design of new individual nano courses to broad implementation of modules, experiments, and activities into existing courses. We have developed and assessed three modular instructional materials designed to explicitly connect core physical and chemical concepts to those at the nanoscale. These modular instructional materials aim to be readily adapted to existing curricular format and have been designed based on an educational framework for analogy. The findings from a qualitative study involving undergraduate chemistry students indicate that analogical transfer from core physical and chemical concepts to those at the nanoscale can be facilitated through the use of these instructional materials. Conceptual challenges as well as evidence for analogical transfer are provided herein, along with recommendations for instructor implementation and future work.
Polytriphenylamine derivative with high free radical density as the novel organic cathode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Su Chang , Yang Fang , Ji Lvlv , Xu Lihuan , Zhang Cheng
Published: August 2014

Initial charge–discharge profiles of PTPA and PDDP with two obvious voltage platforms, and the possible electron donating–accepting process during the two charge–discharge stages.