bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Study on Attribute Recognition of Heated Metal Mark Image Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Mao  Keming , Lu  Duo , E  Dazhi , Tan  Zhenhua
Published: June 2018

Heated metal mark is an important trace to identify the cause of fire. However, traditional methods mainly focus on the knowledge of physics and chemistry for qualitative analysis and make it still a challenging problem. This paper presents a case study on attribute recognition of the heated metal mark image using computer vision and machine learning technologies. The proposed work is composed of three parts. Material is first generated. According to national standards, actual needs and feasibility, seven attributes are selected for research. Data generation and organization are conducted, and a small size benchmark dataset is constructed. A recognition model is then implemented. Feature representation and classifier construction methods are introduced based on deep convolutional neural networks. Finally, the experimental evaluation is carried out. Multi-aspect testings are performed with various model structures, data augments, training modes, optimization methods and batch sizes. The influence of parameters, recognitio efficiency and execution time are also analyzed. The results show that with a fine-tuned model, the recognition rate of attributes metal type, heating mode, heating temperature, heating duration, cooling mode, placing duration and relative humidity are 0.925, 0.908, 0.835, 0.917, 0.928, 0.805 and 0.92, respectively. The proposed method recognizes the attribute of heated metal mark with preferable effect, and it can be used in practical application.
Satellite Launcher Navigation with One Versus Three IMUs: Sensor Positioning and Data Fusion Model Analysis
Authors: Beaudoin Yanick , Desbiens André , Gagnon Eric , Landry René
Published: June 2018

Using multiple IMUs allows both their distribution along vehicle structures and a reliance on integration methods, which is not possible with a single IMU. This paper addresses the issue of relying on three IMUs instead of only one of a higher quality in the context of a satellite launcher. The impact of the IMU positions was tested by comparing collocated IMUs against IMUs installed in the head of each launcher stage. For multi-IMU configurations, three integration methods were tested: all IMUs fused in a single INS, multiple INSs fused in a stacked filter, and multiple INSs fused in a stacked filter with geometrical constraints. All navigation solutions were aided by a three-axis attitude reference sensor and were tested with and without a GPS receiver. The results show that distributing IMUs along the launcher structure does not improve navigation performances compared to having them collocated. The fusion of multiple IMUs in one INS provides equivalent results as one IMU. However, fusing multiple INSs greatly reduces estimation errors. Performances are further improved with the addition of geometrical constraints. During long GPS outages, relative velocity and position constraints should not be exploited, as they may lead to filter divergence.
An Improved Heuristic Drift Elimination Method for Indoor Pedestrian Positioning
Authors: Deng Zhihong , Cao Yun , Wang Pengyu , Wang Bo
Published: June 2018

Indoor positioning is currently a research hotspot. In recent years, Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) has been widely used in indoor positioning. However, the positioning error caused by heading drifts will accumulate as the walking distance increases, so some methods need to be used to correct the heading angle. Heuristic Drift Elimination (HDE) is an effective heading correction algorithm, which only uses the information of a building’s dominant directions to reduce the heading error, but it does not apply to the non-dominant direction condition. In this paper, we propose a heading drift suppressing method for the limitation of HDE. Firstly, the method constructs membership functions to judge the pedestrian’s motion according to the result of comprehensive evaluation. Then, it further determines by a threshold condition whether the pedestrian walks along the dominant directions, and a heading error measurement is introduced for heading correction. Finally, we verify by experiments that the proposed method can correct heading angles properly for different conditions, which indicates an adaptability to the environment.
Analysis of the Scalability of UWB Indoor Localization Solutions for High User Densities
Authors: Ridolfi Matteo , Van de Velde Samuel , Steendam Heidi , De Poorter Eli
Published: June 2018

Radio frequency (RF) technologies are often used to track assets in indoor environments. Among others, ultra-wideband (UWB) has constantly gained interest thanks to its capability to obtain typical errors of 30 cm or lower, making it more accurate than other wireless technologies such as WiFi, which normally can predict the location with several meters accuracy. However, mainly due to technical requirements that are part of the standard, conventional medium access strategies such as clear channel assessment, are not straightforward to implement. Since most scientific papers focus on UWB accuracy improvements of a single user, it is not clear to which extend this limitation and other design choices impact the scalability of UWB indoor positioning systems. We investigated the scalability of indoor localization solutions, to prove that UWB can be used when hundreds of tags are active in the same system. This paper provides mathematical models that calculate the theoretical supported user density for multiple localization approaches, namely Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) and Two-Way Ranging (TWR) with different MAC protocol combinations, i.e., ALOHA and TDMA. Moreover, this paper applies these formulas to a number of realistic UWB configurations to study the impact of different UWB schemes and settings. When applied to the 802.15.4a compliant Decawave DW1000 chip, the scalability dramatically degrades if the system operates with uncoordinated protocols and two-way communication schemes. In the best case scenario, UWB DW1000 chips can actively support up to 6171 tags in a single domain cell (no handover) with well-selected settings and choices, i.e., when adopting the combination of TDoA (one-way link) and TDMA. As a consequence, UWB can be used to simultaneously localize thousands of nodes in a dense network. However, we also show that the number of supported devices varies greatly depending on the MAC and PHY configuration choices.
Monitoring Highway Stability in Permafrost Regions with X-band Temporary Scatterers Stacking InSAR
Authors: Dai Keren , Liu Guoxiang , Li Zhenhong , Ma Deying , Wang Xiaowen , Zhang Bo , Tang Jia , Li Guangyu
Published: June 2018

Interferograms with short wavelength (e.g., X-band) are usually prone to temporal decorrelation in permafrost regions, leading to the unavailability of sufficient high-coherence interferograms for performing conventional time series InSAR analysis. This paper proposes the utilization of temporary scatterers for the stacking InSAR method, thus enabling extraction of subsidence in a permafrost region with limited SAR images and limited high-coherence interferograms. Such method is termed as the temporary scatterers stacking InSAR (TSS-InSAR). Taking the Gonghe-Yushu highway (about 30 km), part of G214 National Highway in Qinghai province (in a permafrost region), as a case study, this TSS-InSAR approach was demonstrated in detail and implemented. With 10 TerraSAR-X images acquired during the period from May 2015 to August 2015, the subsidence along this highway was extracted. In this case the lack of a consistent number of SAR acquisitions limits the possibility to perform other conventional time series InSAR analysis. The results show that the middle part of this highway is in the thermokarst and seasonal frozen soil area, and its accumulated subsidence reach up to 10 cm in 110 days. The thawing phenomena is still the main reason for the instability of highway. The results demonstrate that the TSS-InSAR method can effectively extract the subsidence information in a challenging scenario with limited X-band SAR images and limited high-coherence interferograms, where other time series InSAR-based techniques cannot be applied in a simple way.
Real-Time Phase-Sensitive OTDR Based on Data Matrix Matching Method
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Yu , Wu Ruidong , Wang Dong , Bai Qing , Jin Baoquan
Published: June 2018

Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) is an effective technique to accomplish fully distributed vibration measurement along the entire fiber link. In this paper, a novel data matrix matching method is proposed and successfully employed in the Φ-OTDR system for real-time vibration detection and type identification. By using the novel method, the quantized response time is presented and improved to millisecond level for the first time. Meanwhile, the data can be extracted completely without packet loss, thus allowing vibration type identification to be obtained while maintaining the system simplicity. The experimental results demonstrate that the vibration signals can be detected and located with an average response time of 50.1 ms, under a data transmission speed which can go up to 77.824 Mbps. Moreover, different vibration types such as sine waves and square waves which are applied to the sensing fiber through a piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) cylinder can also be successfully identified. This method provides an efficient solution for real-time vibration location and type identification, thus exhibiting considerable application potential in many practical situations.
Strain Sensitivity Control of an In-Series Silica and Polymer FBG
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo , Bilro Lúcia , Nogueira Rogério
Published: June 2018

This work reports on the use of an in-series silica and polymer fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to control the FBG strain sensitivities and enhance in the case of the polymer fiber Bragg grating (PFBG). Due to differences in the Young’s Modulus of the fibers employed, the amount of strain is unequally distributed in each fiber section. By acting on the silica fiber length, it was possible to control the strain sensitivity of the two FBGs, allowing a polymer FBG strain sensitivity much higher than the one found in the elementary fiber to be obtained. The influence of the diameter of the polymer fiber on the strain sensitivities of the FBGs was also investigated. Results have shown that, besides the strain sensitivity control, an even greater improvement in the PFBG strain sensitivity can be achieved.
Toward a More Resilient Financial System: Should Banks Be Diversified?
Authors: Baselga-Pascual Laura , Del Orden-Olasagasti Olga , Trujillo-Ponce Antonio
Published: June 2018

This article empirically analyzes the effects of revenue diversification on the profitability and risk of a large sample of Eurozone banks over the period from 2000 to 2012. We use the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, which is also referred to as the system-GMM estimator. We conclude that higher income diversification favors bank profitability. However, our study does not find a significant relationship between revenue diversification and bank risk, even when considering a crisis period. Our results suggest that establishing restrictions in the universal banking model could damage the resilience of the financial system, and thus affect the sustainability of the uneven economic recovery in Europe.
An Original Approach Combining CFD, Linearized Models, and Deformation of Trees for Urban Wind Power Assessment
Authors: Konopka Jan , Lopes António , Matzarakis Andreas
Published: June 2018

Wind energy is relevant to self-sufficiency in urban areas, but the accuracy of wind assessment is a barrier to allowing wind energy development. The aim of this work is to test the performance of the Griggs-Putnam Index of Deformity of trees (G-PID) over urban areas as an alternative method for assessing wind conditions. G-PID has been widely used in open terrains, but this work is the first attempt to apply it in urban areas. The results were compared with CFD simulations (ENVI-met), and finally, with the linear model WAsP to inspect if deformed trees can offer acceptable wind power assessments. WAsP (meso-) and ENVI-met (micrometeorological model) showed similar results in a test area inside the University of Lisbon Campus. All trees showed a deformation with the wind direction (S and SE). The mean G-PID wind speed for all trees was 5.9 m/s. Comparing this to the ENVI-met simulations results (mean speed for all trees was 4.25 m/s) made it necessary to adapt the index to urban terrains by reducing each Index Deformation class by about ~2 m/s. Nevertheless, more investigation is needed, since this study is just a first approach to this integrated methodology. Also, tree species and characteristics were not taken into account. These questions should be addressed in future studies, because the deformation of trees depends also on the tree species and phytosanitary conditions.
Sustainability Intervention Mechanisms for Managing Road Freight Transport Externalities: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Tob-Ogu Abiye , Kumar Niraj , Cullen John , Ballantyne Erica E. F.
Published: June 2018

With road freight transport continuing to dominate global freight transport operations, there is increasing pressure on the freight transport industry and its stakeholders to address concerns over its sustainability. This paper adopts a systematic review to examine the academic literature on road freight transport sustainability between 2001 and 2018. Using content and thematic analysis, the paper identifies and categorises sustainability intervention mechanisms providing useful insights on key research applications areas and continental distribution of sustainable road freight transport (SRFT) research. In addition to the six-overarching sustainability intervention mechanism themes identified: decoupling, Information and Communications Technology (ICT), modality, operations, policy, and other, future research can explore the effectiveness of different interventions mechanisms identified in this study to improve sustainable practices across different continents.
Exploring a Stakeholder Based Urban Densification and Greening Agenda for Rotterdam Inner City—Accelerating the Transition to a Liveable Low Carbon City
Authors: Tillie Nico , Borsboom-van Beurden Judith , Doepel Duzan , Aarts Martin
Published: June 2018

Work on a liveable low carbon city has often been approached in a technocratic way, not linking to other disciplines and urban practices at a large scale. This paper explores a stakeholder based urban agenda for a more liveable low carbon city by densifying and greening with the case study of Rotterdam inner city. Rotterdam presents a unique European case with a modernistic inner city. Like many North American cities, the inner city for a long time mainly served as a business or shopping district with few inhabitants and few synergetic links between flows, urban functions, and areas. In line with other cities, Rotterdam aims to reduce carbon emissions and provide a high quality of life. To address this, the hypothesis ‘densifying and greening leads to a more sustainable inner city’, was tested and applied with stakeholders using transition management combined with urban data, modelling, and design. With sustainability indicators, geographic information system (GIS) mapping, and urban models, a baseline study was completed and expected outcomes were described and, where possible, validated in reality. The outcomes confirmed the stated hypothesis and showed that linking design, GIS mapping, and city data to transition management proved successful.
Employee Fitness Programs: Exploring Relationships between Perceived Organizational Support toward Employee Fitness and Organizational Sustainability Performance
Authors: Wang Zhe , Liu Chunhong , Yang Shuai , Li Lei
Published: June 2018

This study investigates the influence of employee fitness programs on organizational sustainability performance from the perspective of organizational support as perceived by employees. Organizational sustainability performance was specified as a second-order factor, which was affected by three first-order factors: financial performance, social performance, and environmental performance. A snowball sampling method was employed to conduct an online survey of working adults in Shanghai to test the proposed hypotheses. Results show that perceived organizational support toward employee fitness has a positive and significant effect on organizational sustainability performance, and the positive effect is mediated by job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This study also provides theoretical and managerial implications.
Climate Change Sensitivity of Multi-Species Afforestation in Semi-Arid Benin
Authors: Noulèkoun Florent , Khamzina Asia , Naab Jesse B. , Khasanah Ni’matul , Van Noordwijk Meine , Lamers John P. A.
Published: June 2018

The early growth stage is critical in the response of trees to climate change and variability. It is not clear, however, what climate metrics are best to define the early-growth sensitivity in assessing adaptation strategies of young forests to climate change. Using a combination of field experiments and modelling, we assessed the climate sensitivity of two promising afforestation species, Jatropha curcas L. and Moringa oleifera Lam., by analyzing their predicted climate–growth relationships in the initial two years after planting on degraded cropland in the semi-arid zone of Benin. The process-based WaNuLCAS model (version 4.3, World Agroforestry Centre, Bogor, Indonesia) was used to simulate aboveground biomass growth for each year in the climate record (1981–2016), either as the first or as the second year of tree growth. Linear mixed models related the annual biomass growth to climate indicators, and climate sensitivity indices quantified climate–growth relationships. In the first year, the length of dry spells had the strongest effect on tree growth. In the following year, the annual water deficit and length of dry season became the strongest predictors. Simulated rooting depths greater than those observed in the experiments enhanced biomass growth under extreme dry conditions and reduced sapling sensitivity to drought. Projected increases in aridity implied significant growth reduction, but a multi-species approach to afforestation using species that are able to develop deep-penetrating roots should increase the resilience of young forests to climate change. The results illustrate that process-based modelling, combined with field experiments, can be effective in assessing the climate–growth relationships of tree species.
Measuring the Cultivated Land Use Efficiency of the Main Grain-Producing Areas in China under the Constraints of Carbon Emissions and Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution
Authors: Xie Hualin , Zhang Yanwei , Choi Yongrok
Published: June 2018

The carbon emissions and agricultural nonpoint source pollution constraints were incorporated into the input–output index system, and the epsilon-based measure (EBM) super efficiency model and global Malmquist–Luenberger (GML) index were used to measure the cultivated land use efficiency and changes in the total factor productivity (TFP) of cultivated land use in the main grain-producing areas in China from 1993–2016. The results indicate that: (1) from 1993 to 2016, the cultivated land use efficiency in the main grain-producing areas in China showed a tendency to fluctuate and increase, with obvious stage characteristics; however, the overall level was not high. (2) There is a significant difference in the cultivated land use efficiency under the constraints of carbon emissions and nonpoint source pollution in the main grain-producing areas in the different provinces, and low-efficiency provinces have higher input redundancy and undesired output redundancy than high-efficiency provinces. It can be observed that input redundancy and undesired output redundancy have a significant negative effect on cultivated land use efficiency. (3) The TFP of cultivated land use under the constraints of carbon emissions and nonpoint source pollution in China’s main grain-producing areas is estimated by the GML index. The results show that the TFP of cultivated land use in the main provinces in the main grain-producing regions is greater than 1, indicating that the productivity levels of all the provinces in China’s main grain-producing areas are increasing. From the perspective of the power sources in each province, global pure technological change (GPTC) and global scale technological change (GSTC) are the main driving forces for the TFP of cultivated land use, while global pure efficiency change (GPEC) and global scale efficiency change (GSEC) are the bottlenecks for increasing the TFP of cultivated land use.
Computing the Metric Dimension of Gear Graphs
Authors: Imran Shahid , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Imran Muhammad , Hussain Muhammad , Bilal Hafiz Muhammad , Cheema Imran Zulfiqar , Tabraiz Ali , Saleem Zeeshan
Published: June 2018

Let G = (V, E) be a connected graph and d(u, v) denote the distance between the vertices u and v in G. A set of vertices W resolves a graph G if every vertex is uniquely determined by its vector of distances to the vertices in W. A metric dimension of G is the minimum cardinality of a resolving set of G and is denoted by dim(G). Let J2n,m be a m-level gear graph obtained by m-level wheel graph W2n,m ≅ mC2n + k1 by alternatively deleting n spokes of each copy of C2n and J3n be a generalized gear graph obtained by alternately deleting 2n spokes of the wheel graph W3n. In this paper, the metric dimension of certain gear graphs J2n,m and J3n generated by wheel has been computed. Also this study extends the previous result given by Tomescu et al. in 2007.
The Impact of Compact and Mixed Development on Land Value: A Case Study of Richmond, Virginia
Authors: Suen I-Shian (Ivan)
Published: June 2018

Sustainable development entails various development patterns commonly associated with compact and mixed development that usually leads to reduced driving, more public transportation utilization, lower energy consumption, better walkability, and improved public health. To examine if the benefits of compact and mixed development are reflected in land value, this study sets forth to measure development compactness and land use mix and assesses the impacts of such patterns on land value. Impacts of accessibility to jobs, retail stores, and public transportation on land value are also investigated and compared to the impacts from development patterns. The study finds that: (1) accessibility has greater impacts than development pattern on land value; (2) compact development and mixed land use influence land value differently depending on the nature of existing land uses and land values; (3) accessibility to jobs and retail stores always contributes to the increase of land value; and (4) accessibility to public transportation helps but it does not influence land value in a consistent fashion. The results suggest that areas with higher residential property values, good proximity to the city center, less industrial land uses, and good access to jobs and retail stores have greater potential to realize an increase of land value resulted from compact and mixed development in Richmond, Virginia.
Application of SWAT Model with CMADS Data to Estimate Hydrological Elements and Parameter Uncertainty Based on SUFI-2 Algorithm in the Lijiang River Basin, China
Authors: Cao Yang , Zhang Jing , Yang Mingxiang , Lei Xiaohui , Guo Binbin , Yang Liu , Zeng Zhiqiang , Qu Jiashen
Published: June 2018

The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model (CMADS) have been widely applied in recent years because of their accuracy. An evaluation of the accuracy and efficiency of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and CMADS for simulating hydrological processes in the fan-shaped Lijiang River Basin, China, was carried out. The Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) algorithm was used for parameter sensitivity and uncertainty analysis at the daily scale. The pair-wise correlation between parameters and the uncertainties associated with equifinality in model parameter estimation were investigated. The results showed that the SWAT model performed well in predicting daily streamflow for the calibration period (2009–2010). The correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.92, and the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) was 0.89. For the validation period (2011–2018), R2 = 0.89, NSE = 0.88, and reasonable values for the P-factor, R-factor, and percent bias (PBIAS) were obtained. In addition, the spatial and temporal variation of evapotranspiration (ET), surface runoff, and groundwater discharge were analyzed. The results clearly showed that spatial variation in surface runoff and groundwater discharge are strongly related to precipitation, while ET is largely controlled by land use types. The contributions to the water budget by surface runoff, groundwater discharge, and lateral flow were very different in flood years and dry years.
A Location Intelligence System for the Assessment of Pluvial Flooding Risk and the Identification of Storm Water Pollutant Sources from Roads in Suburbanised Areas
Authors: Szewrański Szymon , Chruściński Jakub , Van Hoof Joost , Kazak Jan K. , Świąder Małgorzata , Tokarczyk-Dorociak Katarzyna , Żmuda Romuald
Published: June 2018

The interplay of an ever-growing number of inhabitants, sprawl development, soil sealing, changes in urban traffic characteristics, as well as observed climate trends gives rise to more frequent pluvial flooding in cities, a higher run-off of water, and an increasing pollution of surface water. The aim of this research is to develop a location intelligence system for the assessment of pluvial flooding risks and the identification of storm water pollutant sources from roads in newly-developed areas. The system combines geographic information systems and business intelligence software, and it is based on the original Pluvial Flood Risk Assessment tool. The location intelligence system effectively identifies the spatial and temporal distribution of pluvial flood risks, allows to preliminarily evaluate the total run-off from roads, and helps localise potential places for new water management infrastructure. Further improvements concern the modelling of a flow accumulation and drainage system, the application of weather radar precipitation data, and traffic monitoring and modelling.
Nutrient Reduction in Agricultural Green Infrastructure: An Analysis of the Raccoon River Watershed
Authors: Canning James F. , Stillwell Ashlynn S.
Published: June 2018

Agricultural intensification has had the undesirable effect of degrading water quality throughout the United States. Nitrate pollution presents a difficult problem for rural and urban communities, and it contributes to the immense Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Zone. Current U.S. policy prohibits regulation of agricultural runoff because it is a nonpoint source. The Raccoon River Watershed upstream of Des Moines, Iowa, USA has some of the highest nitrate levels in the nation, and the drinking water utility in Des Moines unsuccessfully pursued litigation against drainage districts in the watershed. We propose a cooperative solution between urban residents and upstream rural residents—namely, the installation of agricultural green infrastructure in the form of riparian buffers throughout the watershed enabled by the principles of water quality trading. We compare this distributed, green approach with a centralized, gray approach (i.e., building a new nitrate removal facility at the drinking water utility). Using terrain analysis, we determined that first-order streams are the most fitting location for riparian buffers. We estimate the buffer installation to cost between $155–$185 million; maintenance of the current nitrate removal facility will cost $72 million, while a new facility could cost up to $184 million. Riparian buffer installation offers more indirect, non-quantified benefits than maintaining or building new centralized, gray treatment (e.g., living-wage jobs and in-stream water quality improvement). Our analysis could act as a model for water quality trading and distributed agricultural green infrastructure in other communities facing similar water quality challenges.
Modelling and Evaluation of Battery Packs with Different Numbers of Paralleled Cells
Authors: Chang Fengqi , Roemer Felix , Baumann Michael , Lienkamp Markus
Published: June 2018

To better evaluate the configuration of battery packs in electric vehicles (EV) in the early design phase, this paper proposes a mathematic model for the simulation of battery packs based on the elementwise calculations of matrices. This model is compatible with the different battery models and has a fast simulation speed. An experimental platform is built for the verification. Based on the proposed model and the statistic features of battery cells, the influence of the number of paralleled cells in a battery pack is evaluated in Monte-Carlo experiments. The simulation results obtained from Monte-Carlo experiments show that the parallel number is able to influence the total energy loss inside the cells, the energy loss caused by the balancing of the battery management system (BMS) and the degradation of the battery pack.
A zero-dimensional topologically nontrivial state in a superconducting quantum dot
Authors: Marra Pasquale , Braggio Alessandro , Citro Roberta
Published: June 2018

The classification of topological states of matter in terms of unitary symmetries and dimensionality predicts the existence of nontrivial topological states even in zero-dimensional systems, i.e., systems with a discrete energy spectrum. Here, we show that a quantum dot coupled with two superconducting leads can realize a nontrivial zero-dimensional topological superconductor with broken time-reversal symmetry, which corresponds to the finite size limit of the one-dimensional topological superconductor. Topological phase transitions corresponds to a change of the fermion parity, and to the presence of zero-energy modes and discontinuities in the current–phase relation at zero temperature. These fermion parity transitions therefore can be revealed by the current discontinuities or by a measure of the critical current at low temperatures.
Recent applications of chiral calixarenes in asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Durmaz Mustafa , Halay Erkan , Bozkurt Selahattin
Published: June 2018

The use of calixarenes in asymmetric catalysis is receiving increasing attention due to their tunable three-dimensional molecular platforms along with their easy syntheses and versatile modification at the upper and lower rims. This review summarizes the recent progress of synthesis and use of chiral calixarenes in asymmetric syntheses which emerged later than 2010.
A GRB and Broad-lined Type Ic Supernova from a Single Central Engine
Authors: Barnes Jennifer , Duffell Paul C. , Liu Yuqian , Modjaz Maryam , Bianco Federica B. , Kasen Daniel , MacFadyen Andrew I.
Published: June 2018

Unusually high velocities (≳0.1c) and correspondingly high kinetic energies have been observed in a subset of Type Ic supernovae (so-called “broad-lined Ic” supernovae; SNe Ic-BL), prompting a search for a central engine model capable of generating such energetic explosions. A clue to the explosion mechanism may lie in the fact that all supernovae that accompany long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) belong to the SN Ic-BL class. Using a combination of two-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamics and radiation transport calculations, we demonstrate that the central engine responsible for long GRBs can also trigger an SN Ic-BL. We find that a reasonable GRB engine injected into a stripped Wolf–Rayet progenitor produces a relativistic jet with energy ∼1051 erg, as well as an SN whose synthetic light curves and spectra are fully consistent with observed SNe Ic-BL during the photospheric phase. As a result of the jet’s asymmetric energy injection, the SN spectra and light curves depend on viewing angle. The impact of viewing angle on the spectrum is particularly pronounced at early times, while the viewing-angle dependence for the light curves (∼10% variation in bolometric luminosity) persists throughout the photospheric phase.
Revisiting the Stellar Mass–Angular Momentum–Morphology Relation: Extension to Higher Bulge Fraction and the Effect of Bulge Type
Authors: Sweet Sarah M. , Fisher David , Glazebrook Karl , Obreschkow Danail , Lagos Claudia , Wang Liang
Published: June 2018

We present the relation between stellar specific angular momentum j
*, stellar mass M
*, and bulge-to-total light ratio β for The H i Nearby Galaxy Survey, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey, and Romanowsky & Fall data sets, exploring the existence of a fundamental plane between these parameters, as first suggested by Obreschkow & Glazebrook. Our best-fit M
*–j
* relation yields a slope of α = 1.03 ± 0.11 with a trivariate fit including β. When ignoring the effect of β, the exponent α = 0.56 ± 0.06 is consistent with α = 2/3 that is predicted for dark matter halos. There is a linear β–j
*/M
* relation for β ≲ 0.4, exhibiting a general trend of increasing β with decreasing j
*/M
*. Galaxies with β ≳ 0.4 have higher j
* than predicted by the relation. Pseudobulge galaxies have preferentially lower β for a given j
*/M
* than galaxies that contain classical bulges. Pseudobulge galaxies follow a well-defined track in β–j
*/M
* space, consistent with Obreschkow & Glazebrook, while galaxies with classical bulges do not. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that while growth in either bulge type is linked to a decrease in j
*/M
*, the mechanisms that build pseudobulges seem to be less efficient at increasing bulge mass per decrease in specific angular momentum than those that build classical bulges.
Synthetic Observations of 21 cm H i Line Profiles from Inhomogeneous Turbulent Interstellar H i Gas with Magnetic Fields
Authors: Fukui Yasuo , Hayakawa Takahiro , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Torii Kazufumi , Okamoto Ryuji , Tachihara Kengo , Onishi Toshikazu , Hayashi Katsuhiro
Published: June 2018

We carried out synthetic observations of interstellar atomic hydrogen at 21 cm wavelength by utilizing the magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations of the inhomogeneous turbulent interstellar medium. The cold neutral medium (CNM) shows a significantly clumpy distribution with a small volume filling factor of 3.5%, whereas the warm neutral medium (WNM) has a distinctly different and smooth distribution with a large filling factor of 96.5%. In projection on the sky, the CNM exhibits a highly filamentary distribution with a subparsec width, whereas the WNM shows a smooth, extended distribution. In the H i optical depth, the CNM is dominant and the contribution of the WNM is negligibly small. The CNM has an area covering factor of 30% in projection, while the WNM has a covering factor of 70%. This means that the emission–absorption measurements toward radio continuum compact sources tend to sample the WNM with a probability of 70%, yielding a smaller H i optical depth and a smaller H i column density than those of the bulk H i gas. The emission–absorption measurements, which are significantly affected by the small-scale large fluctuations of the CNM properties, are not suitable for characterizing the bulk H i gas. Larger-beam emission measurements that are able to fully sample the H i gas will provide a better tool for that purpose, if a reliable proxy for hydrogen column density, possibly dust optical depth and gamma rays, is available. The present results provide a step toward precise measurements of the interstellar hydrogen with ∼10% accuracy. This will be crucial in interstellar physics, including identification of the proton–proton interaction in gamma-ray supernova remnants.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Coronal Loops Using Seismology of Damped Kink Oscillations and Forward Modeling of EUV Intensity Profiles
Authors: Pascoe D. J. , Anfinogentov S. A. , Goddard C. R. , Nakariakov V. M.
Published: June 2018

The shape of the damping profile of kink oscillations in coronal loops has recently allowed the transverse density profile of the loop to be estimated. This requires accurate measurement of the damping profile that can distinguish the Gaussian and exponential damping regimes, otherwise there are more unknowns than observables. Forward modeling of the transverse intensity profile may also be used to estimate the width of the inhomogeneous layer of a loop, providing an independent estimate of one of these unknowns. We analyze an oscillating loop for which the seismological determination of the transverse structure is inconclusive except when supplemented by additional spatial information from the transverse intensity profile. Our temporal analysis describes the motion of a coronal loop as a kink oscillation damped by resonant absorption, and our spatial analysis is based on forward modeling the transverse EUV intensity profile of the loop under the isothermal and optically thin approximations. We use Bayesian analysis and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to apply our spatial and temporal models both individually and simultaneously to our data and compare the results with numerical simulations. Combining the two methods allows both the inhomogeneous layer width and density contrast to be calculated, which is not possible for the same data when each method is applied individually. We demonstrate that the assumption of an exponential damping profile leads to a significantly larger error in the inferred density contrast ratio compared with a Gaussian damping profile.
Mapeamento de fluxo de valor aplicado a reestruturação organizacional
Authors: Bonadio Victor , Moura Delmo Alves
Published: June 2018

Esse artigo é resultado de um estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa brasileira prestadora de serviços de transportes. Essa empresa que já foi líder de mercado, frente a crises econômicas e a entrada de novos concorrentes perdeu a liderança do segmento. Nesse contexto, vários departamentos da empresa passaram por restruturações organizacionais em busca da redução de custos, afetando diretamente o departamento de vendas focada no business-to-business (B2B), que estava organizada de forma descentralizada e passou a ter uma organização centralizada.O desenvolvimento das novas práticas de mercado está diretamente relacionado com o modo que as organizações se relacionam com seus clientes, contudo desenvolver e sustentar uma relação de fidelidade com o cliente no B2B ainda é pouco explorado. Para esse estudo será utilizada a metodologia de mapa de fluxo de valor a fim de entender quais desperdícios existiam na antiga estrutura organizacional (descentralizada) que poderiam ter sido otimizados dentro da nova estrutura (centralizada). Dessa forma esse artigo tem por objetivo entender a viabilidade da utilização da metodologia e identificar quais processos de vendas geram valor ao cliente dentro do B2B.Os resultados demonstraram que a utilização da metodologia de mapa de fluxo de valor aplicado a serviços, mais especificamente ao departamento de vendas é de fato eficaz para a identificação dos principais desperdícios. A utilização da ferramenta pela empresa, previamente a alteração organizacional poderia ter levado a uma estrutura ainda mais preparada para atender ao cliente, pois em ambos os mapas foram encontradas as mesmas oportunidades de melhoria.
Manutenção centrada em confiabilidade: aplicação em motoredutores de transportadores de correias em uma refinaria de alumina
Authors: Viana Herbert Ricardo Garcia , Marques Adeliane , Birani Samir , Sena Salomão , Nobumasa Gilberto Hirokazu
Published: June 2018

Este trabalho apresenta uma aplicação do estudo de Confiabilidade através da análise de dados e geração das curvas R(t), F(t), f(t) e λ(t), contemplando seu uso na base operacional da área de filtragem de hidrato de uma refinaria de alumina. Nele, busca-se dimensionar o grau de confiabilidade dos motoredutores do modelo KA87/T AM132S/M, utilizados no acionamento dos transportadores de correia do sistema de filtragem de hidrato. O estudo de confiabilidade dos motoredutores KA87/T AM132S/M das correias transportadoras foi realizado através do software ProConf 2000. Através dos testes de aderência, percebe-se que a distribuição de Weibull descreve satifatoriamente a amostra de dados acerca as falhas do motoredutor, com valores de χ2 com nivel de seignificancia de 60,82%, e com teste análitico de Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) de 30%. Obtém-se um tempo médio até o reparo ou MTTF (do inglês Mean Time to Failure) do motoredutor de 648,98 horas. Os valores de t10 e t50 que consistem nos limites de tempos em que 10% e 50% dos reparos ocorreram, ficaram em 31,71 horas e 352,58 horas, respectivamente. Para um intervalo de confiança de 95%, o tempo médio até o reparo (MTTF) compreende valores entre 356,15 a 867,04 horas, foi verificado também que a taxa de falhas corresponde a curva da banheira, e que as principais falhas têm como origem o sistema de vedação do eixo de entrada do motoredutor, ao final indica-se a aplicação da Manutenção Centrada na Confiabilidade (MCC) para os equipamentos críticos da planta.
Proposta de modelo de análise e otimização de processos para o setor de serviços visando a melhoria da qualidade
Authors: De Paula Izabel Alinne Alves
Published: June 2018

A literatura aponta diversas ferramentas capazes de avaliar e melhorar a qualidade em serviços, entretanto predominam-se mecanismos subjetivos, que se resumem a mensurar a satisfação do cliente ao fim do processo. É certo que, a qualidade tem foco no cliente, mas na atual Era da Qualidade assume-se que ela é gerada durante o processo produtivo. Daí objetivou-se construir um modelo de análise e melhoria de processo, respaldado nos preceitos da Gestão da Qualidade, capaz de otimizar processos executados no setor de serviços, através do uso de técnicas de gestão e estatística, como também gerasse dados objetivos para que assim a tomada de decisão fosse feita de forma mais robusta. Para isto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de cunho teórico-conceitual, de aspecto exploratório, qualitativo e de natureza básica. Ao fim, através da concatenação das fases do Método de Análise e Solução de Problemas (MASP) com as etapas de Planejamento Experimental foi obtido modelo.
Segurança alimentar e imagem organizacional: o uso do vensim® na redução do desperdício
Authors: Andrade Júnior Hermes De , Rodrigues Borges Paulo Cesar
Published: June 2018

O presente trabalho é um estudo de caso de uma empresa do ramo hortifrutigranjeiro sediada na CEASA de Brasília-DF, de onde se levantou elementos para identificar as causas do desperdício de maçãs no biênio 2010-2011 e contribuir para alguns acréscimos na segurança alimentar da população local. Usando pesquisa qualitativa, documental e modelagem dinâmica para simular o desempenho de sistemas de controle e armazenamento, seus dados principais foram tratados pelo VENSIM® (versão gratuita – PLE), com simulações que identificam vales e picos na geração deste desperdício. Resultados sugerem que o processo de geração de desperdício esteja relacionado prioritariamente às condições de armazenamento do produto, caracterizadas pela inobservância de manutenção de refrigeração adequada e pela proliferação de gases interferentes na conservação das frutas, provocando a deterioração dos produtos, com a consequente perda. Conclui-se que o processo de geração de desperdício no setor hortifrutigranjeiro pode impactar negativamente a segurança alimentar da população atendida pela empresa em questão, no sentido oposto em que a política pública afirmaria o direito de todos ao acesso regular e permanente aos alimentos de qualidade e em quantidade suficientes, sem prejuízo de suas necessidades essenciais. Incentiva-se ainda o acréscimo das práticas de gestão alimentares que preservam e que melhoram a saúde das pessoas e que sejam sustentáveis em todas as suas dimensões.Palavras-chave: segurança alimentar; políticas públicas; imagem organizacional; resíduos sólidos; sistemas dinâmicos
O uso de SIG no mapeamento de Orientação
Authors: Dos Santos Valker Araújo , Júnior José Marcato
Published: June 2018

The aim of this article is to present the use of GIS (Geographic Information Systems) as a support tool for cartographical mapping related to the Orienteering Sport, as a contribution for the enhancement of the currently used techniques, which result will be spread between the members of the Quadro de Mapeadores da CBO (Brazilian Federation of Orienteering), which gathers the main cartographers of the sport in Brazil and regulates the main aspects related to the production of maps for Orienteering. Therefore, the Campus of UFMS (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul) was mapped, according to the ISSOM 2007 (International Specification for Sprint Orienteering Maps), on the scale of 1:4.000 using orthophotographs with ground sample distance of 10 cm and vectorial files (contour lines with equidistance of 1 metre and urban zoning) of Campo Grande city distributed freely by Prefeitura Municipal de Campo Grande as data source for the base map. The data was processed using the software QGIS (QGIS Development Team 2016), a free and open source Geographical Information System (GIS), and the Original Computer File was developed using OCAD software, an specific program for Orienteering maps, being validated by its utilisation on the final stage of the II Campeonato Sul-Mato-Grossense de Orientação (2nd Orienteering Championship of Mato Grosso do Sul). To ratify, in official ways, the obedience to the international specifications, it was sent to the evaluation of the Quadro de Mapeadores da CBO (the official cartographers group of CBO) and, as a result, it was approved and included in the data base of the confederation, under the register number 232.
Análise bibliográfica sobre as potencialidades da aquisição de imagens multi e hiperespectrais por VANTs no auxílio à inspeção de obras de arte especiais
Authors: Rauber Édina Regina , Bordin Fabiane , Anschau Mônica Müller , Veronez Mauricio Roberto , Silveira Jr. Luiz Gonzaga da , Framarim Carlo
Published: June 2018

Bridges arose with the intention to facilitate the urban mobility. Therefore, it is essential the realization of periodic inspections and preventive maintenance, in order to identify possible pathological manifestations. Nowadays the techniques used are based on visual inspection, which the main problem is accessibility to all places in the bridge. In this sense, it is search other methods that can help these inspections, such as the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (VANTs) and multi and hyperspectral images. The methodology of the work consisted on the analysis of the current methods of inspection and identification of its requirements to compose solutions using the remote acquisition system. The inspection with this system ensures agility and security, as well as aid in the interpretation and analysis for the diagnosis of pathological manifestations.
Gerenciamento de processos, reciclagem e governo eletrônico como vetores para o planejamento e desenvolvimento
Authors: Catapan Anderson , Oliveira Antonio Gonçalves de
Published: June 2018

Este editorial apresenta os artigos do segundo número do sétimo volume da Revista Brasileira de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento (RBPD). Este número trouxe contribuições para o planejamento e desenvolvimento, assim como em números anteriores e já de praxe deste periódico, de professores do Brasil e de diversos outros países.