bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation mechanism of axial macrosegregation of primary phases induced by a static magnetic field during directional solidification
Authors: Li Xi , Fautrelle Yves , Ren Zhongming , Moreau Rene
Published: April 2017

Understanding the macrosegregation formed by applying magnetic fields is of high commercial importance. This work investigates how static magnetic fields control the solute and primary phase distributions in four directionally solidified alloys (i.e., Al-Cu, Al-Si, Al-Ni and Zn-Cu alloys). Experimental results demonstrate that significant axial macrosegregation of the solute and primary phases (i.e., Al2Cu, Si, Al3Ni and Zn5Cu phases) occurs at the initial solidification stage of the samples. This finding is accompanied by two interface transitions in the mushy zone: quasi planar → sloping → quasi planar. The amplitude of the macrosegregation of the primary phases under the magnetic field is related to the magnetic field intensity, temperature gradient and growth speed. The corresponding numerical simulations present a unidirectional thermoelectric (TE) magnetic convection pattern in the mushy zone as a consequence of the interaction between the magnetic field and TE current. Furthermore, a model is proposed to explain the peculiar macrosegregation phenomenon by considering the effect of the forced TE magnetic convection on the solute distribution. The present study not only offers a new approach to control the solute distribution by applying a static magnetic field but also facilitates the understanding of crystal growth in the solute that is controlled by the static magnetic field during directional solidification.
TM4SF1 Promotes Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer via Regulating the Expression of DDR1
Authors: Yang Jia-chun , Zhang Yi , He Si-jia , Li Ming-ming , Cai Xiao-lei , Wang Hui , Xu Lei-ming , Cao Jia
Published: April 2017

Transmembrane-4-L-six-family-1(TM4SF1), a four-transmembrane L6 family member, is highly expressed in various pancreatic cancer cell lines and promotes cancer cells metastasis. However, the TM4SF1-associated signaling network in metastasis remains unknown. In the present study, we found that TM4SF1 affected the formation and function of invadopodia. Silencing of TM4SF1 reduced the expression of DDR1 significantly in PANC-1 and AsPC-1 cells. Through double fluorescence immuno-staining and Co-immunoprecipitation, we also found that TM4SF1 colocalized with DDR1 and had an interaction with DDR1. In addition, upregulating the expression of DDR1 rescued the inhibitory effects of cell migration and invasion, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 and the formation and function of invadopodia when TM4SF1 silenced. In pancreatic cancer tissues, qRT-PCR and scatter plots analysis further determined that TM4SF1 had a correlation with DDR1. Collectively, our study provides a novel regulatory pathway involving TM4SF1, DDR1, MMP2 and MMP9, which promotes the formation and function of invadopodia to support cell migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer.
Structures and energetics of hydrated deprotonated cis-pinonic acid anion clusters and their atmospheric relevance
Authors: Hou Gao-Lei , Zhang Jun , Valiev Marat , Wang Xue-Bin
Published: April 2017

Pinonic acid, a C10-monocarboxylic acid with a hydrophilic –CO2H group and a hydrophobic hydrocarbon backbone, is a key intermediate oxidation product of α-pinene – an important monoterpene compound in biogenic emission processes that influences the atmosphere.
Life cycle assessment of CO2-based C1-chemicals
Authors: Sternberg André , Jens Christian M. , Bardow André
Published: April 2017

We present a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) for the CO2-based production of formic acid, carbon monoxide, methanol, and methane.
Magnetic nanocomposites of boron and vitamin C
Authors: Icten Okan , Hosmane Narayan S. , Kose Dursun Ali , Zumreoglu-Karan Birgul
Published: April 2017

Magnetic nanocomposites of boron and vitamin C for potential targeted delivery/therapy applications are reported here.
Sulfonic acid functionalized silica nanoparticles as catalysts for the esterification of linoleic acid
Authors: Aboelhassan Mohamed M. , Peixoto Andreia F. , Freire Cristina
Published: April 2017

Sulfonic acid functionalized SiO2-nanoparticles showed excellent performance in linoleic acid esterification: 100% conversion, 2 h reaction time, TOF = 53–498 h−1.
Enantioselective aza-Henry reaction of t-Boc protected imines and nitroalkanes with bifunctional squaramide organocatalysts
Authors: Susam Dilşad , Tanyeli Cihangir
Published: April 2017

A quinine-derived sterically encumbered squaramide organocatalyst afforded high enantioselectivity and excellent conversion in an aza-Henry reaction performed with imines and nitroalkanes.
Mechanistic studies of the copolymerization between ethyl diazoacetate and cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Cheng , Li Feifei , Liao Liqiong , Liu Lijian
Published: April 2017

Ndiazo,Cω-diradical species and their chain propagation mechanism during copolymerization.
Thermoelectric properties of AMg2X2, AZn2Sb2(A = Ca, Sr, Ba; X = Sb, Bi), and Ba2ZnX2(X = Sb, Bi) Zintl compounds
Authors: Sun Jifeng , Singh David J.
Published: April 2017

We report a theoretical investigation of the electronic structure and transport properties of eleven Zintl compounds including nine 122 phases (AMg2X2, AZn2Sb2(A = Ca, Sr, Ba; X = Sb, Bi)) and two 212 phases (Ba2ZnX2(X = Sb, Bi)).
A highly specific and ultrasensitive fluorescent probe for basal lysosomal HOCl detection based on chlorination induced by chlorinium ions (Cl+)
Authors: Wang Yawei , Wu Liu , Liu Caiyun , Guo Bingpeng , Zhu Baocun , Wang Zuokai , Duan Qingxia , Ma Zhenmin , Zhang Xiaoling
Published: April 2017

A simple pH-mediated lysosome-targetable fluorescent probe with picomolar sensitivity for HOCl was firstly developed to visualize basal lysosomal HOCl.
Preparation of ordered N-doped mesoporous carbon materials via a polymer–ionic liquid assembly
Authors: Cui Xili , Yang Qiwei , Xiong Yijun , Bao Zongbi , Xing Huabin , Dai Sheng
Published: April 2017

A facile and efficient method for the synthesis of carbon materials with uniform channels and a high-nitrogen-content coating layer was successfully developed through a polymer–ionic liquid assembly strategy.
Synthesis of calcium carbonate in trace water environments
Authors: Magnabosco Giulia , Polishchuk Iryna , Pokroy Boaz , Rosenberg Rose , Cölfen Helmut , Falini Giuseppe
Published: April 2017

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was synthesized from diverse water-free alcohol solutions, resulting in the formation of vaterite and calcite precipitates, or stable particle suspensions, with the dimensions and morphology depending upon the conditions used.
Synthesis of SAPO-34 nanoaggregates with the assistance of an inexpensive three-in-one non-surfactant organosilane
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Yang Miao , Zhang Wenna , Xu Shutao , Guo Peng , Tian Peng , Liu Zhongmin
Published: April 2017

SAPO-34 nanoaggregates with improved MTO reaction catalytic activity were synthesized by the assistance of tri-functional organosilane PZPMS.
Co-organizing synthesis of heterogeneous nanostructures through the photo-cleavage of pre-stabilized self-assemblies
Authors: Ji Wei , Zhang Shijin , Filonenko Georgy A. , Li Guanying , Sasaki Toshio , Feng Chuanliang , Zhang Ye
Published: April 2017

The photo-cleavage of a pre-stabilized self-assembled nanostructure targets metastable assemblies leading to exotic heterogeneous nanostructures that are inaccessible through conventional synthesis.
Assessment of van der Waals inclusive density functional theory methods for layered electroactive materials
Authors: Lozano Ariel , Escribano Bruno , Akhmatskaya Elena , Carrasco Javier
Published: April 2017

This work provides solid guidance for the selection of accurate and robust vdW-inclusive methods for high-throughput computational screening of layered electroactive materials.
Carborane-based polymers: a novel class of semiconductors with tunable properties
Authors: Dong B. , Oyelade A. , Kelber J. A.
Published: April 2017

Semiconducting boron carbides based on cross-linked carborane (B10C2H12) icosahedra, developed several decades ago, are of significant interest in a variety of emerging areas, including photocatalysis, spintronics, and especially neutron detection.
The effect of dynamical fluctuations of hydration structures on the absorption spectra of oxyluciferin anions in an aqueous solution
Authors: Hiyama Miyabi , Shiga Motoyuki , Koga Nobuaki , Sugino Osamu , Akiyama Hidefumi , Noguchi Yoshifumi
Published: April 2017

Photo-absorption spectra of firefly oxyluciferin anions reflecting different hydration structure formed on different isomers, as revealed by ab initio simulations.
Dynamic manipulation of the local pH within a nanopore triggered by surface-induced phase transition
Authors: Koyama Akira , Fukami Kazuhiro , Imaoka Yujin , Kitada Atsushi , Sakka Tetsuo , Abe Takeshi , Murase Kuniaki , Kinoshita Masahiro
Published: April 2017

Manipulating the local pH within nanopores is essential in nanofluidics technology and its applications.
Engineering the strongly correlated properties of bulk Ruddlesden–Popper transition metal oxides via self-doping
Authors: Pham Anh , Li Sean
Published: April 2017

By changing the order of the cationic layers, properties of stoichiometric oxides can be engineered without doping.
Hybridization of MOFs and polymers
Authors: Kitao Takashi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Kitagawa Susumu , Wang Bo , Uemura Takashi
Published: April 2017

This review highlights recent advances in the hybridization of Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and polymers.
Synthesis and structural characterisation of the aggregates of benzo-1,2-chalcogenazole 2-oxides
Authors: Ho Peter C. , Rafique Jamal , Lee Jiwon , Lee Lucia M. , Jenkins Hilary A. , Britten James F. , Braga Antonio L. , Vargas-Baca Ignacio
Published: April 2017

A benzoannulated iso-tellurazole N-oxide retains the ability to assemble supramolecular macrocycles. The selenium analogue crystallizes in supramolecular polymeric chains instead.
Phase-out-compliant fluorosurfactants: unique methimazolium derivatives including room temperature ionic liquids
Authors: Hummel M. , Markiewicz M. , Stolte S. , Noisternig M. , Braun D. E. , Gelbrich T. , Griesser U. J. , Partl G. , Naier B. , Wurst K. , Krüger B. , Kopacka H. , Laus G. , Huppertz H. , Schottenberger H.
Published: April 2017

Fluoroalkylations of the medicinal drug 1-methyl-3H-imidazole-2-thione provide high yields of superior surfactants with reduced toxicity.
Induction of lignin solubility for a series of polar ionic liquids by the addition of a small amount of water
Authors: Akiba Takashi , Tsurumaki Akiko , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: April 2017

As the water concentration increases, the proton accepting ability of polar ionic liquids decreases but the proton donating ability increases. This is the reason why some ionic liquids, that have no lignin dissolution ability, gain the lignin dissolution ability by the addition of a suitable amount of water.
LA-ICP-MS analysis of fluid inclusions: contamination effects challenging micro-analysis of elements close to their detection limit
Authors: Schlöglova Katerina , Wälle Markus , Heinrich Christoph A.
Published: April 2017

This paper presents a practical guide to an optimized analytical procedure for the reliable quantification of trace element concentrations in fluid inclusions hosted by natural minerals, using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
In situ mRNA isolation from a microfluidic single-cell array using an external AFM nanoprobe
Authors: Li Xuan , Tao Yinglei , Lee Do-Hyun , Wickramasinghe Hemantha K. , Lee Abraham P.
Published: April 2017

mRNA probing from single cells within microfluidic arrays, combining the non-destructive and precise-control of a single-cell mRNA probe with sealed microfluidic systems' multifunctional capability.
Ultrasensitive and stretchable resistive strain sensors designed for wearable electronics
Authors: Liao Xinqin , Zhang Zheng , Kang Zhuo , Gao Fangfang , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Yue
Published: April 2017

Strain sensors with both of stretchability and ultrahigh sensitivity have been designed and fabricated for various wearable monitoring applications.
Efficient mass-fabrication of amorphous MnSiO3/C with high stability through a simple water-boiling treatment and its Li-ion storage performance
Authors: Wang Yue-Ya , Lun Ning , Qi Yong-Xin , Bai Yu-Jun
Published: April 2017

Amorphous manganese silicate with high stability up to 700 °C was prepared by simply water-boiling a mixture of Na2SiO3·9H2O and MnCl2·4H2O and subsequently coating with carbon. The amorphous silicate reveals stable cycling performance even at 500 mA g−1.
Changing the path of least resistance, or access to endo-dig products via a sequence of three exo-trig transition states: electronic effects in homoallyic ring expansion cascades of alkenyl isonitriles
Authors: Gomes Gabriel dos Passos , Evoniuk Christopher J. , Ly Michelle , Alabugin Igor V.
Published: April 2017

Substituent effects reshape the potential energy surfaces for radical homoallylic expansion/fragmentation cascades that transform alkenyl isonitriles into N-heteroaromatics
Light-triggered unfolding of single linear molecular bottlebrushes from compact globular to wormlike nano-objects in water
Authors: Henn Daniel M. , Lau C. Maggie , Li Christopher Y. , Zhao Bin
Published: April 2017

The photocleavage of o-nitrobenzyl moieties drives shape transitions from globular to wormlike in stimuli-responsive homografted and binary heterografted molecular bottlebrushes.
Discrete supertetrahedral CuInS nanoclusters and their application in fabrication of cluster-sensitized TiO2photoelectrodes
Authors: Li Zhao-Qi , Mo Chong-Jiao , Guo Yao , Xu Nan-Nan , Zhu Qin-Yu , Dai Jie
Published: April 2017

Supertetrahedral nano-CuInS clusters are prepared and the crystals can instantly dissolve in a solution having high ionic strength to create a solution with uniform T5 clusters. The nano-CuInS clusters can be easily wet-modified on a TiO2electrode and show excellent photo-sensitive properties.
Tuning the ion permeability of an Al2O3 coating layer on Fe2O3 photoanodes for improved photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Fan Zhongwen , Xu Zhe , Yan Shicheng , Zou Zhigang
Published: April 2017

An ion-permeable Al2O3 overlayer can enhance the injection efficiency (Φinj) of Ti-Fe2O3 photoanodes up to 95%.
The light-switching conductance of an anisotropic azobenzene-based polymer close-packed on horizontally aligned carbon nanotubes
Authors: Li Shuangwen , Feng Yiyu , Long Peng , Qin Chengqun , Feng Wei
Published: April 2017

We present an anisotropic photo-responsive film of azobenzene–poly(methyl methacrylate) (Azo–PMMA) close-packed on the sidewalls of horizontally aligned carbon nanotubes (HACNTs), showing anisotropic conductance and light-switching properties.
Red-emitting Au7 nanoclusters with fluorescence sensitivity to Fe2+ ions
Authors: Yang Lina , Chen Juan , Huang Ting , Huang Li , Sun Zhihu , Jiang Yong , Yao Tao , Wei Shiqiang
Published: April 2017

We report a new red-emitting luminescent Au7 nanocluster, whose fluorescence could be quenched selectively and sensitively by Fe2+ ions.
Invisible photochromism and optical anti-counterfeiting based on D–A type inverse diarylethene
Authors: Wang Jiaxing , Gao Ya , Zhang Junji , Tian He
Published: April 2017

Aldehyde-modified inverse diarylethene (DAE) exhibits invisible photochromism. Combined with its switchable fluorescence feature, photochromic anti-counterfeit materials were successfully fabricated.
Einsatz des Beschwerdenvalidierungstests BEVA in der sozialmedizinischen Begutachtung
Authors: Walter F. , Lid N. , Petermann F. , Kobelt A.
Published: April 2017

Die vorliegende Studie ermittelt, inwiefern der BEVA als Screening geeignet ist, um negative Antwortverzerrungen bei Rentenantragstellern mit psychosomatischen Erkrankungen in der sozialmedizinischen Begutachtung zu erfassen.

107 Versicherte, die eine Erwerbsminderungsrente aufgrund einer psychosomatischen Erkrankung beantragt haben, füllten den BEVA, den SFSS sowie einen soziodemografischen Fragebogen aus. Die sozialmedizinischen Gutachter schätzen die Glaubwürdigkeit der Beschwerdendarstellung der Versicherten ein. Es wurde ein Known-Group-Design bzw. ein Bootstrapping-Design genutzt, um die Validität des BEVA zu schätzen.

Bei dem Außenkriterium SFSS konnten folgende psychometrische Kennwerte für den BEVA ermittelt werden: Spezifität=0,86, Sensitivität=0,42, positiv prädiktiver Wert=0,81, negativ prädiktiver Wert=0,51. Die Interrater-Reliabilität entspricht Cohens κ=0,253. Für die Gutachtereinschätzung als Außenkriterium konnten weitere psychometrische Kennwerte berechnet werden: Spezifität=0,71, Sensitivität=0,32, positiv prädiktiver Wert=0,38, negativ prädiktiver Wert=0,66. Die Beurteilerübereinstimmung beträgt Cohens κ=0,031.

Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass der BEVA vor allem eine sehr gute Spezifität aufweist, um negative Antwortverzerrungen zu erheben. Dies ist im Hinblick auf ethische Aspekte dringend anzustreben. Weiterhin zeigt die Studie, dass - neben den Gutachtereinschätzungen – weitere Verfahren die Erkennung von negativen Antwortzerrungen verbessern könnten.
Quality Assessment of Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Developmental Disorders – A Feasibility Study Using the Example of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Ulusoy Marta , Borusiak Peter , Hameister Karin , Geraedts Max
Published: April 2017

The question of a possible presence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is raised with increasing frequency in pediatric practice. There are guidelines and expert recommendations for diagnostic approaches. But there are no instruments available to evaluate the structural, process and outcome quality. In this pilot study, a set of quality indicators on the treatment quality of ADHD was analyzed in terms of their feasibility in tertiary referral centers.

A set of 39 quality indicators (QI) on ADHD developed in advance in a multistage procedure was assessed at 9 tertiary referral centers, with a focus on process verifiability and feasibility. QI values were calculated as ratios for individual centers as well as across centers, followed by an explorative analysis to assess feasibility under due consideration of possible influencing factors.

QI assessment is possible but highly complex and expensive in practice. Calculated QI values showed a high degree of heterogeneity between facilities as well as between institutions, which was mainly due to a lack of standardization in the documentation of required data.

Basically, it is possible to assess the quality of ADHD treatment via QIs. The approach described here in assessing QIs may be also applied to other types of developmental disorders.
Einfluss einer „Offenen-Tür-Politik“ auf die Stationsatmosphäre: Auswirkungen auf die Behandlungsqualität
Authors: Lo Sou , Gaupp Rainer , Huber Christian , Schneeberger Andres , Garic Gabrijela , Voulgaris Alexander , Walter Marc , Borgwardt Stefan , Lang Undine
Published: April 2017

Ziel der Studie war es, die Veränderung des Stationsklimas während eines Türöffnungsprozesses zu untersuchen.

Methodik Die Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES) wurde auf neu geöffneten (n = 2, 1 Jahr), geöffneten (n = 2, 4 Jahre) und langjährig offenen (n = 2, > 20 Jahre) Stationen untersucht.

Ergebnisse Die Stationsatmosphäre auf den neu geöffneten Stationen verbesserte sich signifikant. Zwangsmaßnahmen und Entlassungen gegen ärztlichen Rat wurden reduziert.

Schlussfolgerung Die Öffnung von Akutstationen kann zu einem günstigeren Stationsklima führen.
Die Behandlung des Alkoholentzugs mit Oxazepam oder Clomethiazol – eine naturalistische Beobachtungsstudie
Authors: Verthein Uwe , Kuhn Silke , Gabriel Katrin , Mautsch Ulrich , Reimer Jens , Behrendt Klaus
Published: April 2017

Clomethiazol und Oxazepam in der stationären Alkoholentzugsbehandlung werden miteinander verglichen. Es handelt sich um eine naturalistische, stratifizierte Nichtunterlegenheitsstudie. Zielkriterium ist die Entzugssymptomatik (AWS) der ersten fünf Tage. 453 Patienten nahmen teil, die mittlere Behandlungsdauer betrug 14,0 (± 6,3) Tage. Der durchschnittliche AWS-Wert der Oxazepamgruppe betrug 50,0 (± 26,5), der der Clomethiazolgruppe 56,2 (± 31,5) Punkte (p < 0,05; d = – 0,25). Oxazepam ist unter Routineversorgungsbedingungen bei der Behandlung der Entzugssymptomatik dem in Deutschland lange Zeit (vorrangig) verwendeten Clomethiazol mindestens gleichwertig.
Inanspruchnahme der Anschlussrehabilitation nach einer Bandscheibenoperation
Authors: Dannenmaier Julia , Ritter Sabrina , Jankowiak Silke , Kaluscha Rainer , Krischak Gert
Published: April 2017

Ziel der Studie ist die Identifikation von Merkmalen, die die Inanspruchnahme einer Anschlussrehabilitation (AR) einschließlich einer möglichen häuslichen Übergangszeit zwischen Akutaufenthalt und AR beeinflussen.

Mithilfe eines verknüpften Routinedatensatzes der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund, Deutschen Rentenversicherung Baden-Württemberg und der AOK Baden-Württemberg wurde der Einfluss von ambulanten und akutstationären Behandlungen sowie von Patientenmerkmalen auf die Inanspruchnahme einer AR und deren Zeitpunkt mittels logistischer Regression geprüft.

Eine AR wurde eher von älteren und deutschen Patienten in Anspruch genommen. Ebenso gingen Patienten mit Adipositas sowie diese, die in der Akutklinik physikalisch-therapeutische Einzelmaßnahmen erhielten, eher zur AR. Erhielten die Patienten während der Operation mind. eine Bluttransfusion, nahmen sie nur halb so oft eine AR in Anspruch.

Eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Direktverlegung in die Rehabilitationseinrichtung wiesen weibliche und ältere Patienten auf sowie diese, die physikalisch-therapeutische Einzelmaßnahmen erhielten. Zwischen 2005 und 2010 nahm die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine AR ohne Direktverlegung, also über eine häusliche Übergangszeit, zu.

Die Inanspruchnahme und der Zeitpunkt der AR spiegeln die individuellen Behandlungsbedürfnisse der Patienten wider und scheinen insofern bedarfsorientiert zu erfolgen. Dennoch gibt es Hinweise auf eine Unterinanspruchnahme bestimmter Patientengruppen (ausländische Staatsangehörige, Arbeitslose, männliche Patienten).
Vom psychiatrischen Fachbegriff zur schädlichen Plattitüde – Eine kognitionspsychologische Analyse
Authors: Nischk Daniel , Merz Philippe
Published: April 2017

In psychiatrischen Institutionen werden Menschen mit psychischen Störungen häufig unreflektiert mithilfe von Fachbegriffen aus verschiedenen Disziplinen beschrieben und analysiert. Durch solche Gewohnheiten werden Fachbegriffe jedoch zu unscharfen, allzu evaluativen und real gedachten Alltagsbegriffen, die durch Prozesse des schematischen Denkens das unvoreingenommene Verständnis gegenüber psychisch Kranken und die Validität der Diagnosen gefährden sowie den therapeutischen Prozess erheblich erschweren können. Die Kenntnis dieser Mechanismen, die regelmäßige Analyse der eigenen sprachlichen Gewohnheiten sowie bestimmte klinische Kontextbedingungen können helfen, diese Gefahren zu erkennen und abzumildern.
„Ich bin nicht die Diagnose – aber sie ist auch ein Teil von mir“ – Eine qualitative Interviewstudie zu Sichtweisen von psychisch erkrankten Menschen
Authors: Peter Olivia , Lang Johanna , Stein Katharina , Wirth Katharina , Jungbauer Johannes
Published: April 2017

Zielsetzung Subjektive Sichtweisen psychisch erkrankter Menschen im Hinblick auf ihre Diagnose sollten differenziert untersucht werden.

Methode 16 qualitative Interviews mit psychiatrischen Patienten wurden geführt und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Betroffene erfahren aufgrund ihrer Diagnose oft Ablehnung und Stigmatisierung. Zugleich sehen sie die Diagnose als Orientierungshilfe und Ansatzpunkt für Veränderungen. Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Diagnose wird als langfristiger Prozess beschrieben, der die Sicht auf die Erkrankung und die eigene Person nachhaltig verändert.

Schlussfolgerungen Die „Aneignung“ einer psychiatrischen Diagnose ist ein komplexer identitätsbezogener Prozess, der durch geeignete Beratungsangebote unterstützt werden sollte.
Efficacy and safety of PICOPREP tailored dosing compared with PICOPREP day-before dosing for colon cleansing: a multi-centric randomised study
Authors: Kiesslich Ralf , Schubert Stefan , Mross Michael , Klugmann Tobias , Klemt-Kropp Michael , Behnken Imke , Bonnaud Gillaume , Keulen Eric , Groenen Marcel , Blaker Michael , Ponchon Thierry , Landry Wilfred , Stoltenberg Meredin
Published: April 2017

Background and study aims The success of any colonoscopy procedure depends upon the quality of bowel preparation. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a new tailored dosing (TD) regimen compared with the approved PICOPREP day-before dosing regimen (DBD) in the European Union.

Patient and methods Patients (≥ 18 years) undergoing colonoscopy were randomised (2:1) to TD (Dose 1, 10 – 18 hours; Dose 2, 4 – 6 hours before colonoscopy) or DBD (Dose 1 before 8:00AM on the day before colonoscopy; Dose 2, 6 – 8 hours after Dose 1). The primary endpoint of overall colon cleansing efficacy was based on total Ottawa Scale (OS) scores (0 – 14, excellent-worst). The key secondary endpoint was a binary endpoint based on the ascending colon OS (success 0 or 1, failure [≥ 2]). Convenience and satisfaction were evaluated similar to the primary and key secondary endpoints. Safety and tolerability were also evaluated.

Results Use of the PICOPREP TD regimen resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the mean total Ottawa Scale score compared to the PICOPREP DBD regimen (–3.93, 95 % confidence intervals [CI]: – 4.99, – 2.97; P < 0.0001) in the intent-to-treat analysis set. The PICOPREP TD regimen also resulted in a statistically significant increase in the odds of achieving an ascending colon OS score ≤ 1, compared to the PICOPREP DBD regimen (estimated odds ratio 9.18, 95 % CI: 4.36, 19.32; P < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall rate of treatment-emergent adverse events (12 % (TD) and 5.7 % (DBD), respectively, P = 0.2988). The convenience and satisfaction were comparable in the two groups.

Conclusion The TD regimen was superior to the DBD regimen for overall and ascending colon cleansing efficacy.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02239692
Proton pump inhibitor is a risk factor for recurrence of common bile duct stones after endoscopic sphincterotomy – propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Fukuba Nobuhiko , Ishihara Shunji , Sonoyama Hiroki , Yamashita Noritsugu , Aimi Masahito , Mishima Yoshiyuki , Mishiro Tsuyoshi , Tobita Hiroshi , Shibagaki Koutarou , Oshima Naoki , Moriyama Ichiro , Kawashima Kousaku , Miyake Tatsuya , Ishimura Norihisa , Sato Shuichi , Kinoshita Yoshikazu
Published: April 2017

Background and study aims Recurrence of common bile duct stones (CBDS) in patients treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) can lead to deterioration in their quality of life. Although the pathology and related factors are unclear, we speculated that proton pump inhibiter (PPI) administration increases the risk of CBDS recurrence by altering the bacterial mixture in the bile duct.

Patients and methods The primary endpoint of this retrospective study was recurrence-free period. Several independent variables considered to have a relationship with CBDS recurrence including PPI use were analyzed using a COX proportional hazard model, with potential risk factors then evaluated by propensity score matching analysis.

Results A total of 219 patients were analyzed, with CBDS recurrence found in 44. Analysis of variables using a COX proportional hazard model demonstrated that use of PPIs and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), as well as the presence of periampullary diverticula (PD) each had a hazard ratio (HR) value greater than 1 (HR 2.2, P = 0.007; HR 2.0, P = 0.02; HR 1.9, P = 0.07; respectively). Furthermore, propensity score matching analysis revealed that the mean recurrence-free period in the oral PPI cohort was significantly shorter as compared with the non-PPI cohort (1613 vs. 2587 days, P = 0.014). In contrast, neither UDCA administration nor PD presence was found to be a significant factor in that analysis (1557 vs. 1654 days, P = 0.508; 1169 vs. 2011 days, P = 0.121; respectively).

Conclusion Our results showed that oral PPI administration is a risk factor for CBDS recurrence in patients who undergo ES.
Ultra-relativistic double explosions
Authors: Lyutikov Maxim
Published: April 2017

We consider fluid dynamics of relativistic double explosion—when a point explosion with energy E1 is followed by a second explosion with energy E2 after time td (the second explosion could be in a form of a long lasting wind). The primary explosion creates a self-similar relativistic blast wave propagating with Lorentz factor Γ1(t). A sufficiently strong second explosion, with total energy E2≥10−2E1, creates a fast second shock in the external fluid previously shocked by the primary shock. At times longer than the interval between the explosions td, yet short compared with the time when the second shock catches up the primary shock at ∼tdΓ12, the structure of the second shock is approximately self-similar. The self-similar structure of the second shock exists for the case of constant external density (in this case Γ2∝t−7/3), but not for the wind environment. At early times, the Lorentz factor of the second shock may exceed that of the primary shock and may boost the synchrotron emission of locally accelerated electrons into the Fermi Large Area Telescope range.
Continuous-wave operation and 10-Gb/s direct modulation of InAsP/InP sub-wavelength nanowire laser on silicon photonic crystal
Authors: Takiguchi Masato , Yokoo Atsushi , Nozaki Kengo , Birowosuto Muhammad Danang , Tateno Kouta , Zhang Guoqiang , Kuramochi Eiichi , Shinya Akihiko , Notomi Masaya
Published: April 2017

We demonstrated sub-wavelength (∼111 nm diameter) single nanowire (NW) continuous wave (CW) lasers on silicon photonic crystal in the telecom-band with direct modulation at 10 Gb/s by optical pumping at cryogenic temperatures. To estimate the small signal response and pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) modulation of our CW lasers, we employed a new signal detection technique that employs a superconducting single photon detector and a time-correlated single photon counting module. The results showed that our NW laser was unambiguously modulated at above 10 Gb/s and an open eye pattern was obtained. This is the first demonstration of a telecom-band CW NW laser with high-speed PRBS modulation.
Particle acceleration in laser-driven magnetic reconnection
Authors: Totorica S. R. , Abel T. , Fiuza F.
Published: April 2017

Particle acceleration induced by magnetic reconnection is thought to be a promising candidate for producing the nonthermal emissions associated with explosive phenomena such as solar flares, pulsar wind nebulae, and jets from active galactic nuclei. Laboratory experiments can play an important role in the study of the detailed microphysics of magnetic reconnection and the dominant particle acceleration mechanisms. We have used two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to study particle acceleration in high Lundquist number reconnection regimes associated with laser-driven plasma experiments. For current experimental conditions, we show that nonthermal electrons can be accelerated to energies more than an order of magnitude larger than the initial thermal energy. The nonthermal electrons gain their energy mainly from the reconnection electric field near the X points, and particle injection into the reconnection layer and escape from the finite system establish a distribution of energies that resembles a power-law spectrum. Energetic electrons can also become trapped inside the plasmoids that form in the current layer and gain additional energy from the electric field arising from the motion of the plasmoid. We compare simulations for finite and infinite periodic systems to demonstrate the importance of particle escape on the shape of the spectrum. Based on our findings, we provide an analytical estimate of the maximum electron energy and threshold condition for observing suprathermal electron acceleration in terms of experimentally tunable parameters. We also discuss experimental signatures, including the angular distribution of the accelerated particles, and construct synthetic detector spectra. These results open the way for novel experimental studies of particle acceleration induced by reconnection.
Chaotic edge density fluctuations in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak
Authors: Zhu Z. , White A. E. , Carter T. A. , Baek S. G. , Terry J. L.
Published: April 2017

Analysis of the time series obtained with the O-Mode reflectometer [Rhodes et al., 1997 Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 40, 493–510 (1998)] and the gas puff imaging [Cziegler et al., Phys. Plasmas 17(5), 056120 (2010)] systems on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak reveals that the turbulent edge density fluctuations are chaotic. Supporting evidence for this conclusion includes the observation of exponential power spectra (which is associated with Lorentzian-shaped pulses in the time series), the population of the corresponding Bandt-Pompe probability distributions [Bandt and Pompe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 174102 (2002)], and the location of the signal on the complexity-entropy plane (C-H plane) [Rosso et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 154102 (2007)]. The classification of edge turbulence as chaotic opens the door for further work to understand the underlying process and the impact on turbulent transport.
Iterative blip-summed path integral for quantum dynamics in strongly dissipative environments
Authors: Makri Nancy
Published: April 2017

The iterative decomposition of the blip-summed path integral [N. Makri, J. Chem. Phys. 141, 134117 (2014)] is described. The starting point is the expression of the reduced density matrix for a quantum system interacting with a harmonic dissipative bath in the form of a forward-backward path sum, where the effects of the bath enter through the Feynman-Vernon influence functional. The path sum is evaluated iteratively in time by propagating an array that stores blip configurations within the memory interval. Convergence with respect to the number of blips and the memory length yields numerically exact results which are free of statistical error. In situations of strongly dissipative, sluggish baths, the algorithm leads to a dramatic reduction of computational effort in comparison with iterative path integral methods that do not implement the blip decomposition. This gain in efficiency arises from (i) the rapid convergence of the blip series and (ii) circumventing the explicit enumeration of between-blip path segments, whose number grows exponentially with the memory length. Application to an asymmetric dissipative two-level system illustrates the rapid convergence of the algorithm even when the bath memory is extremely long.
Switch from thermal to force-driven pathways of protein refolding
Authors: Kouza Maksim , Lan Pham Dang , Gabovich Alexander M. , Kolinski Andrzej , Li Mai Suan
Published: April 2017

The impact of the quenched force on protein folding pathways and free energy landscape was studied in detail. Using the coarse-grain Go model, we have obtained the low, middle, and high force regimes for protein refolding under the quenched force. The folding pathways in the low force regime coincide with the thermal ones. A clear switch from thermal folding pathways to force-driven pathways in the middle force regime was observed. The distance between the denatured state and transition state xf in the temperature-driven regime is smaller than in the force-driven one. The distance xf obtained in the middle force regime is consistent with the available experimental data suggesting that atomic force microscopy experiments deal with the force-regime which is just above the thermal one.
Wireless actuation of piezoelectric coupled micromembrane using radio frequency magnetic field for biomedical applications
Authors: Sinha Dhiraj
Published: April 2017

We report on a novel technique of wireless actuation of a micromembrane mounted on a piezoelectric stack using radio frequency magnetic fields. The magnetic field component of the radio frequency field induces time varying voltage across the leads of the piezoelectric stack which results in vibrations of the piezoelectric stack which are eventually transferred to a micromembrane of silicon nitride mounted on top of it. Thus, wireless actuation of micromembranes is achieved which is measured using a laser-photodetector system. Wireless actuation of micromembranes has applications in controlled drug delivery with rates of the order of tens of nanolitres per second. It can also be used in controlling capsule endoscopes, in vivo sensors, and micromachines for biomedical applications.
Perspective: Echoes in 2D-Raman-THz spectroscopy
Authors: Hamm Peter , Shalit Andrey
Published: April 2017

Recently, various spectroscopic techniques have been developed, which can measure the 2D response of the inter-molecular degrees of freedom of liquids in the THz regime. By employing hybrid Raman-THz pulse sequences, the inherent experimental problems of 2D-Raman spectroscopy are circumvented completely, culminating in the recent measurement of the 2D-Raman-THz responses of water and aqueous salt solutions. This review article focuses on the possibility to observe echoes in such experiments, which would directly reveal the inhomogeneity of the typically extremely blurred THz bands of liquids, and hence the heterogeneity of local structures that are transiently formed, in particular, in a hydrogen-bonding liquid such as water. The generation mechanisms of echoes in 2D-Raman-THz spectroscopy are explained, which differ from those in “conventional” 2D-IR spectroscopy in a subtle but important manner. Subsequently, the circumstances are discussed, under which echoes are expected, revealing a physical picture of the information content of an echo. That is, the echo decay reflects the lifetime of local structures in the liquid on a length scale that equals the delocalization length of the intermolecular modes. Finally, recent experimental results are reviewed from an echo perspective.
Langmuir wave filamentation in the kinetic regime. I. Filamentation instability of Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal modes in multidimensional Vlasov simulations
Authors: Silantyev Denis A. , Lushnikov Pavel M. , Rose Harvey A.
Published: April 2017

A nonlinear Langmuir wave in the kinetic regime kλD≳0.2 may have a filamentation instability, where k is the wavenumber and λD is the Debye length. The nonlinear stage of that instability develops into the filamentation of Langmuir waves which in turn leads to the saturation of the stimulated Raman scattering in laser-plasma interaction experiments. Here, we study the linear stage of the filamentation instability of the particular family (H. A. Rose and D. A. Russell, Phys. Plasmas 8, 4784 (2001)) of Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) modes (I. B. Bernstein et al., Phys. Rev. 108, 546 (1957)) that is a bifurcation of the linear Langmuir wave. Performing direct 2 + 2D Vlasov–Poisson simulations of collisionless plasma, we find the growth rates of oblique modes of the electric field as a function of BGK's amplitude, wavenumber, and the angle of the oblique mode's wavevector relative to the BGK's wavevector. Simulation results are compared to theoretical predictions.
The role of Li+ ions in the gas phase dehydrohalogenation and dehydration reactions of i-C3H7Br and i-C3H7OH molecules studied by radiofrequency-guided ion beam techniques and ab initio methods
Authors: López E. , Lucas J. M. , de Andrés J. , Albertí M. , Bofill J. M. , Aguilar A.
Published: April 2017

Gas phase reactive collisions between lithium ions and i-C3H7X (X = Br, OH) molecules have been studied under single collision conditions in the center of mass (CM) 0.01-10.00 eV energy range using a radiofrequency-guided ion beam apparatus. Mass spectrometry analysis of the products did show the presence of [C3H6—Li]+, [HX—Li]+, C3H7+, and C2H3+ as well as of the [Li—i-C3H7Br]+ adduct while [Li—i-C3H7OH]+ was hardly detected. For all these reactive processes, the corresponding cross sections have been measured in absolute units as a function of the CM collision energy. Quantum chemistry ab initio calculations done at the second order Möller Plesset level have provided relevant information on the topology of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) where a reaction takes place allowing the characterization of the stationary points on the respective PESs along their reaction pathways. The connectivity of the different stationary points localized on the PESs was ensured by using the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) method, confirming the adiabatic character of the reactions. The main topology features of the reactive PESs, in the absence of dynamical calculations, were used to interpret at the qualitative level the behavior of the experimental excitations functions, evidencing the role played by the potential energy barriers on the experimental dynamics of the reactions. Reaction rate constants at 303.2 K for different reactions have been calculated from measured excitation functions.
Conformation-selective resonant photoelectron imaging from dipole-bound states of cold 3-hydroxyphenoxide
Authors: Zhu Guo-Zhu , Huang Dao-Ling , Wang Lai-Sheng
Published: April 2017

We report a photoelectron imaging and photodetachment study of cryogenically cooled 3-hydroxyphenoxide (3HOP) anions, m-HO(C6H4)O−. In a previous preliminary study, two conformations of the cold 3HOP anions with different dipole bound states were observed [D. L. Huang et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 2153 (2015)]. Five near-threshold vibrational resonances were revealed in the photodetachment spectrum from the dipole-bound excited states of the two conformations. Here, we report a more extensive investigation of the two conformers with observation of thirty above-threshold vibrational resonances in a wide spectral range between 18 850 and 19 920 cm−1 (∼1000 cm−1 above the detachment thresholds). By tuning the detachment laser to the vibrational resonances in the photodetachment spectrum, high-resolution conformation-selective resonant photoelectron images are obtained. Using information of the autodetachment channels and theoretical vibrational frequencies, we are able to assign the resonant peaks in the photodetachment spectrum: seventeen are assigned to vibrational levels of anti-3HOP, eight to syn-3HOP, and five to overlapping vibrational levels of both conformers. From the photodetachment spectrum and the conformation-selective resonant photoelectron spectra, we have obtained fourteen fundamental vibrational frequencies for the neutral syn- and anti-m-HO(C6H4)O⋅ radicals. The possibility to produce conformation-selected neutral beams using resonant photodetachment via dipole-bound excited states of anions is discussed.
An elevated-temperature depth-sensing instrumented indentation apparatus for investigating thermo-mechanical behaviour of thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Qu Zhaoliang , Yu Miao , Liu Yanchao , Xu Baosheng , He Rujie , Pei Yongmao , Zhao Hongwei , Fang Daining
Published: April 2017

In our study, an elevated-temperature depth-sensing instrumented indentation apparatus was designed and developed to investigate thermo-mechanical response of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). A furnace was used to heat the test region up to 1600 °C and a heat protection design was proposed to protect electronic devices from high temperature environment. Load was applied by a precise loading motor and a piezoelectric actuator in high (0–440 N) and low (0–40 N) load ranges, respectively. A loading shielding scheme was designed to protect the low load sensor during the high loading process. In order to obtain reliable test data, the as-developed apparatus was calibrated at room and elevated temperatures. It is found that the developed apparatus was suitable to obtain the intended data. After that, two typical TBCs were tested from 600 to 1500 °C, and the load-depth curves were presented to show the main functions and usability of the measuring system.
Frequency-domain synthetic aperture focusing for helical ultrasonic imaging
Authors: Jin H. , Chen J. , Wu E. , Yang K.
Published: April 2017

The synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) is widely used to provide significant improvement in the lateral resolution of ultrasonic images. Frequency-domain SAFT has shown higher accuracy and greater efficiency than time-domain SAFT. However, frequency-domain SAFT should be helix-based for ultrasonic scanning of cylindrical structures such as pipes and axletrees. In this study, a frequency-domain SAFT is proposed for 3D helical ultrasonic imaging applications. This technique adjusts the phase spectra of the images to complete the synthetic aperture focusing process. The focused image is precise because the proposed algorithm is established on the basis of the wave equation in a helical coordinate system. In addition, the algorithm can efficiently separate out point scatterers and present volume scatterers. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm yields lower side lobes and enhances the angular resolution of the ultrasonic image to approximately 1°– 1.5°, which is much better than the performance of time-domain SAFT. The maximum deviations are only 0.6 mm, 0.5°, and 0.4 mm along the r-axes, θ-axes, and z-axes, respectively, which are appropriate for normal ultrasonic nondestructive testing.
Giant field-induced adiabatic temperature changes in In-based off-stoichiometric Heusler alloys
Authors: Pandey Sudip , Quetz Abdiel , Aryal Anil , Dubenko Igor , Blinov Mikhail , Rodionov Igor , Prudnikov Valerii , Mazumdar Dipanjan , Granovsky Alexander , Stadler Shane , Ali Naushad
Published: April 2017

Direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change (ΔTAD) of Ni50Mn35In14.5B0.5 have been done using an adiabatic magnetocalorimeter in a temperature range of 250–350 K, and with magnetic field changes up to ΔH = 1.8 T. The initial susceptibility in the low magnetic field region drastically increases with temperature starting at about 300 K. Magnetocaloric effects parameters, adiabatic temperature changes, and magnetic entropy changes were found to be a linear function of H2/3 in the vicinity of the second order transitions (SOT), whereas the first order transitions do not obey the H2/3 law due to the discontinuity of the transition. The relative cooling power based on the adiabatic temperature change for a magnetic field change of 1.8 T has been estimated. Maximum values of ΔTAD = −2.6 K and 1.7 K were observed at the magnetostructural transition (MST) and SOT for ΔH = 1.8 T, respectively. The observed ΔTAD at the MST exceeds the ΔTAD for Ni50Mn35In14X with X = In, Al, and Ge by more than 20% and is larger than the Gd based Heusler alloys.
Hotspot cooling with jumping-drop vapor chambers
Authors: Wiedenheft Kris F. , Guo H. Alex , Qu Xiaopeng , Boreyko Jonathan B. , Liu Fangjie , Zhang Kungang , Eid Feras , Choudhury Arnab , Li Zhihua , Chen Chuan-Hua
Published: April 2017

Hotspot cooling is critical to the performance and reliability of electronic devices, but existing techniques are not very effective in managing mobile hotspots. We report a hotspot cooling technique based on a jumping-drop vapor chamber consisting of parallel plates of a superhydrophilic evaporator and a superhydrophobic condenser, where the working fluid is returned via the spontaneous out-of-plane jumping of condensate drops. While retaining the passive nature of traditional vapor-chamber heat spreaders (flat-plate heat pipes), the jumping-drop technique offers a mechanism to address mobile hotspots with a pathway toward effective thermal transport in the out-of-plane direction.