bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of videophones to deliver a cognitive-behavioural therapy to hospice caregivers
Authors: Demiris George , Oliver Debra Parker , Wittenberg-Lyles Elaine , Washington Karla
Published: April 2011

We investigated the feasibility of videophones for the delivery of problem-solving therapy (PST) for informal hospice caregivers. Informal hospice caregivers were randomly assigned to receive PST from researchers using videophones, instead of communicating in face-to-face sessions. Outcome measures included caregiver anxiety, quality of life and problem-solving abilities, technical quality of videosessions and satisfaction of participants (including both subjects and researchers). A total of 42 hospice caregivers were enrolled (mean age 62 years). A total of 112 videocall attempts were documented. Of these, 100 (89%) resulted in successful videocalls and 12 (11%) were cases in which a call was not established. The average videocall duration was 38 min (range 18–84 min). The overall technical quality of the videocalls was very good. Caregivers reported a slightly higher quality of life post-intervention than at baseline, although this was not significant. Caregivers reported lower levels of anxiety post-intervention than at baseline ( P = 0.04). The subjects were generally satisfied with the videophones during their exit interviews.
Recognition of root canal orifices at a distance – a preliminary study of teledentistry
Authors: Brüllmann Dan , Schmidtmann Irene , Warzecha Katharina , d'Hoedt Bernd
Published: April 2011

The remote recognition of root canal orifices was tested on 50 images of endodontically accessed teeth acquired with an intra-oral camera. The images were stored on a laptop computer and were presented to 20 observers who marked the visible canal orifices using software which stored the canal locations in standard files. The marked positions were verified on histological slices. In 87% of the cases, the canal locations were marked correctly. Inter-observer reliability depended on the location of the reviewed root canal (kappa = 0.44–0.77). The detection rate was related to the professional experience of the observers. The maximum proportion of accurate detections was found for the observers with more than 10 years of professional experience. The minimum proportion of accurate detections, 79%, was by the observer with one year of experience. The results of the study suggest that remote recognition of root canals by experienced dentists can help younger colleagues in the detection of root canal orifices.
The benefit of smart phone usage in liver organ procurement
Authors: Croome Kris P , Shum Jeff , Al-Basheer Mamoun A , Kamei Hideya , Bloch Michael , Quan Douglas , Hernandez-Alejandro Roberto
Published: April 2011

A 56-year-old man was on the transplant list with end-stage liver disease secondary to hepatitis C when a donor liver became available at a location 545 km away. The procurement team, consisting of a senior and junior fellow, went on the retrieval, while the staff surgeon remained in the hospital with the recipient. At the time of organ procurement, a suspicious lesion was identified in the left lateral lobe. The transplant fellows took intraoperative pictures of the lesion with a smart phone and sent them to the staff surgeon for advice. A teleconsultation, facilitated by images sent from the smart phone, took place over the next 22 min. The decision was made to proceed with the transplant, as it was felt that the lesion could be resected from the liver allograft. Had the fellows not been able to interact with the staff surgeon in real-time during the surgery, there is a high likelihood that the organ would have been rejected by the staff surgeon due to the unexpected finding. The patient's postoperative course was relatively uneventful with no evidence of infection. The patient was discharged from hospital and continues to do well. We expect that the role of smart phones in remote consultation will continue to expand in future.
Low plasma triiodothyronine levels in heart failure are associated with a reduced anabolic state and membrane damage
Authors: Brenta Gabriela , Thierer Jorge , Sutton Marcela , Acosta Adriana , Vainstein Nora , Brites Fernando , Boero Laura , Gómez Rosso Leonardo , Anker Stefan
Published: April 2011

Background

Low plasma triiodothyronine (T3) levels are considered a prognostic predictor of death in heart failure (HF) patients.

Aim

To study an association between plasma T3 levels and several cardiac, neurohormonal, and metabolic markers of HF.

Methods

A total of 133 ambulatory HF patients (114 males; mean age 63.2 years) with left ventricular ejection fraction <40% were enrolled. TSH, total tetraiodothyronine (T4) and T3, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and other cardiac and metabolic parameters were measured. The lowest tertile of T3 (group 1) was compared against the two upper ones (group 2).

Results

In simple logistic regression, the lowest T3 tertile was associated with more advanced HF disease status: older (age: odds ratio (OR)=1.05; confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.01–1.09, P=0.004), lower functional capacity (walking test: OR=0.996; CI 95% 0.993–0.999, P=0.008), higher NT-proBNP (OR=1.64; CI 95% 1.19–2.27, P=0.003) and adiponectin levels (OR=1.07; CI 95% 1.02–1.11, P=0.004), lower DHEAS log-transformed (OR=0.50; CI 95% 0.31–0.80, P=0.004), and the presence of lower phase angle values as measured by body bioelectrical impedance analysis (OR=3.18; CI 95% 1.50–6.71, P=0.04) and worse renal function (OR=0.96; CI 95% 0.94–0.98, P=0.003). T3 levels in the lowest tertile were independently associated with low phase angle values (OR=2.95, CI 95% 1.16–7.50, P=0.02) and the log transformation of DHEAS (OR=0.56; CI 95% 0.32–0.97, P=0.04).

Conclusion

We have demonstrated an association between plasma T3 levels in the lower range and other deranged hormonal and metabolic parameters in HF patients.
Educational Perspectives
Authors: Doherty Elizabeth G. , Brodsky Dara
Published: April 2011

The 360-degree assessment is a new paradigm in medical evaluation in which a trainee is evaluated by multiple people in his or her sphere of influence. Evaluators measure identical parameters using the same rating scale, with an additional subset of uniquely designed items to capture areas particular to certain groups. This tool can help to identify differences between the trainee's self-assessment and ratings by other evaluators. Recent studies have shown that the 360-degree assessment is a reliable and valid instrument to improve physician performance. In addition, 360-degree feedback has been shown to provide training programs with a reproducible, quantifiable tool to assess the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (AGCME) competencies of their trainees. This review describes a step-by-step process outlining this new paradigm of trainee assessment. Although further research is necessary, studies thus far reveal that with thoughtful planning and implementation, the 360-degree assessment tool provides trainees with constructive feedback to elevate the level of patient care.
Metformin treatment with or without life style changes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Petrányi Gyula , Zaoura-Petrányi Mária
Published: April 2011

Treatment with metformin three times 500 mg daily had been advised since 2002, to patients suffering from the polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria and who did not want to take contraceptive pills. More recently, life style changes have also been introduced to treatment recommendation: increased physical activity, low glycaemic index diet; also with calorie restriction for the obese patients. Aim: To assess the efficacy of the two treatment forms on clinical symptoms of the disease. Method: The metformin only historical control group (metformin monotherapy) consisted of 27 patients between the ages from 18 to 39 years (mean 29 years); to which was the age-matched metformin and life style changes group (triple basal therapy) of 29 patients compared. The following parameters were registered at the beginning and the end of a six-month treatment period: global acne score, Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score, body mass index, waist-to-hip circumference ratio, and menstrual cycles. Results: By the end of the treatment period, both acne and hirsutism scores improved significantly in both treatment groups (P<0.001); the improvements did not differ between them: acne 8.6±5.7 vs. 9.2±5.9 (P = 0.70); hirsutism 2.5±2.0 vs. 2.6±1.6 (P = 0.83). Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio remained practically unchanged in the metformin only group: 0.26±1.0 kg/m2 (P = 0.21) and 0.001±0.02 (P = 0.71). Body mass index decreased in the triple therapy group by 0.91±1.1 kg/m2 (P<0.001); and waist-to-hip ratio by 0.019±0.03 (P<0.001). The decrease of the body mass index was more remarkable in overweight patients: 1.10±1.26 kg/m2 (P = 0.002) vs. 0.64±0.88 kg/m2 (P = 0.03) in lean patients. Recommendation on life style changes with metformin did not show further improvement of hyperandrogenic symptoms in comparison to metformin alone but the combined therapy diminished body size indexes. Conclusion: Authors recommend the triple basal treatment consisting of metformin, physical exercise and low glycaemic index diet to their patients with polycystic ovary syndrome for assessment of its long-term efficacy. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 628–632.
Impact of microRNAs on molecular epidemiology
Authors: Gőcze Katalin , Gombos Katalin , Pajkos Gábor , Magda Ingrid , Ember Ágoston , Juhász Krisztina , Patczai Balázs , Ember István
Published: April 2011

Cancer research concerning short non-coding RNA sequences and functionally linked to RNA interference (RNAi) have reached explosive breakthrough in the past decade. Molecular technology applies microRNA in extremely wide spectrum from molecular tumor prediction, diagnostics, progression monitoring and prevention. Functional analysis of tissue miRNA and cell-free serum miRNA in posttranscription and translation regulation innovated and restructured the knowledge on the field. This review focuses on molecular epidemiology and primary prevention aspects of the small non-coding RNA sequences. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 633–641.
Mandibular reconstruction with free osteocutaneous fibula flap using the occipital artery as recipient vessel
Authors: Halmy Csaba , Oberna Ferenc , Pesthy Pál , Suri Csilla , Csáki Gábor , Szentpétery László
Published: April 2011

Authors performed reconstructive surgery for extensive skin and mandibular bone defect following gunshot injury to the left side of the face. The soft tissue and bone defect was reconstructed with the free osteocutaneous fibula flap harvested from the left lower leg, as suitable local reconstructive flap was not available. The bony continuity was reestablished with a 7 cm long fibula segment. Microvascular anastomoses were performed to the left occipital artery and the left internal jugular vein. The occipital artery was chosen as the external carotid system was completely missing on the right side and was missing several branches on the left side due to the trauma. The fibular segment became fully incorporated and 95% of the flap healed by primary intention. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 642–645.
Formation of Si/SiC heterostructures for silicon-based quantum devices using single CH3SiH3-gas source free jet
Authors: Ohtani Ryota , Ikoma Yoshifumi , Motooka Teruaki
Published: April 2011

We have investigated the formation and current-voltage characteristics of Si-dots/SiC multilayer heterostructures on p+Si(100) substrates by means of supersonic free-jet chemical vapor deposition using a single gas source CH3SiH3. Si-dots were successfully deposited on epitaxial SiC thin films on Si(100) with assistance of a tungsten hot filament. Negative deferential resistance was observed in the current-voltage curve of SiC/Si-dot/SiC measured by an atomic force microscope using a gold-coated conductive cantilever. The observed current-voltage characteristics can be attributed to the hole resonant tunneling through the SiC double barriers.
Titanosauriform teeth from the Cretaceous of Japan
Authors: Saegusa Haruo , Tomida Yukimitsu
Published: April 2011

Sauropod teeth from six localities in Japan were reexamined. Basal titanosauriforms were present in Japan during the Early Cretaceous before Aptian, and there is the possibility that the Brachiosauridae may have been included. Basal titanosauriforms with peg-like teeth were present during the "mid" Cretaceous, while the Titanosauria with peg-like teeth was present during the middle of Late Cretaceous. Recent excavations of Cretaceous sauropods in Asia showed that multiple lineages of sauropods lived throughout the Cretaceous in Asia. Japanese fossil records of sauropods are conformable with this hypothesis.
A new squamate lizard from the Upper Cretaceous Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group), São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Nava William R. , Martinelli Agustín G.
Published: April 2011

The record of non-mosasaur squamates (Reptilia, Squamata) is sparse in the Cretaceus fossil record of Brazil and include six putative reports, three from the Aptian-Albian of the Araripe Basin (Tijubina pontei Bonfim-Júnior and Marques, Olindalacerta brasiliensis Evans and Yabumoto, and a lizard indet.) and three from the Upper Cretaceous of the Bauru Group (Pristiguana brasiliensis Estes and Price, Anilioidae gen. et sp. indet., and Squamata gen. et sp. indet.). In this contribution, a new genus and species of lizard, Brasiliguana prudentis gen. et sp. nov., is described based on an isolated left maxilla with teeth. The material was discovered in an outcrop of the Upper Cretaceous Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group) located in the proximity of Presidente Prudente Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. The new taxon is considered a basal non-Priscagamidae+Acrodonta iguanian based on the presence of a weakly inclined anterior margin of the maxillary nasal process and maxillary tooth shape and tooth implantation similar to that of iguanians rather than of other lizard groups (e.g. teiids). This finding significantly increases the squamate lizard diversity of South America, which is still poorly understood and sparsely represented in the fossil record.
New information on Riograndia guaibensis Bonaparte, Ferigolo & Ribeiro, 2001 (Eucynodontia, Tritheledontidae) from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil: anatomical and biostratigraphic implications
Authors: Soares Marina B. , Schultz Cesar L. , Horn Bruno L.D.
Published: April 2011

The tritheledontid Riograndia guaibensis was the first cynodont described for the "Caturrita Formation" fauna from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil (Santa Maria 2 Sequence). The type materials did not preserve anatomical information regarding braincase, occiput, basicranium, zygomatic arch, postdentary bones and craniomandibular joint. Here new materials are described and supply the missing information. Riograndia shows a suite of important anatomical features quite derived among the non-mammaliaform eucynodonts, such as the partial closure of the medial orbital wall and braincase, extensive secondary osseous palate, wide primary palate, basicranium with jugular foramen separated from the periphery of fenestra rotunda, narrow zygomatic arch and much reduced postdentary bones. Many of these features constitute synapomorphies shared only with the other members of mammaliamorpha. Thus, the almost complete cranial, mandibular and dental information from the new fossils of Riograndia can bring a significant improve in the understanding of the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the tritheledontids and help to elucidate the transformational steps involved in the cynodont-mammal transition. Additionally, Riograndia is a key taxon in refining the "Caturrita Formation" biostratigraphy, enabling the connection of several fossiliferous outcrops that have a rich tetrapod fauna that can be correlated with other Triassic faunas from Gondwana and Laurasia.
Speeds and stance of titanosaur sauropods: analysis of Titanopodus tracks from the Late Cretaceous of Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: González Riga Bernardo J.
Published: April 2011

Speed estimations from trackways of Titanopodus mendozensis González Riga and Calvo provide information about the locomotion of titanosaurian sauropods that lived in South America during the Late Cretaceous. Titanopodus ichnites were found at Agua del Choique, a newly discovered track site in the Loncoche Formation, Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian of Mendoza, Argentina. This speed study follows the hypothesis of dynamic similarity proposed by Alexander. As a refinement of this method, a complementary equation is presented here based on an articulated titanosaurian specimen collected in strata that are regarded as correlative to those that have yielded Titanopodus tracks (Allen Formation, Neuquén Basin). This analysis indicates that hip height can be estimated as 4.586 times the length of the pes track in derived titanosaurs. With an estimation of the hip height and the stride measurements, the speed is calculated. The study of two wide-gauge trackways indicates that Titanopodus ichnites were produced by mediumsized titanosaurs (hip height of 211-229 cm) that walked at 4.7-4.9 km/h towards the south and southwest, following, in part, a sinuous pathway. These speeds and some taphonomic features of tracks (prominent rims, distorted elongated shapes)indicate the capacity of derived titanosaurs for walking effectively over a very wet and slippery substrate. In the ichnological record, the walking speeds of Titanopodustrackmakers are somewhat faster than those previously inferred for most sauropods.
New mutation in the CASR gene in a family with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT)
Authors: Rodrigues Luiza Souza , Cáu Ana Carolina Arias , Bussmann Luciane Zgoda , Bastida Gabriela , Brunetto Oscar H. , Corrêa Pedro Henrique Silveira , Martin Regina Matsunaga
Published: April 2011

A loss of calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) function due to inactivating mutations can cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) or neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT). NSHPT represents the most severe expression of FHH and courses as a life-threatening condition. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize a CASR mutation in a female infant brought to the health service due to dehydration, apathy, lack of breast feeding and severe hypercalcemia. Molecular analysis was performed on genomic DNA of the index case and her parents. A novel homozygous mutation (p.E519X) in CASR was identified in the proband; both mother and father had the same mutation in heterozygous state, confirming their FHH condition. The mutation results in a truncated and inactive protein due to the lack of transmembrane and intracellular domains. The identification of this novel CASR gene mutation established the basis of hypercalcemia in this family and allowed a genetic counseling.
Hormônio de crescimento e hipersensibilidade por imunocomplexo (Tipo III): uma contraindicação para a dessensibilização
Authors: Forte Wilma Carvalho Neves , Kochi Cristiane , Faria Claudia Dutra Costantin , Calliari Luis Eduardo Procópio , Monte Osmar , Longui Carlos Alberto
Published: April 2011

As reações alérgicas ao GH são raras e usualmente representadas por reações de hipersensibilidade tipo I (IgE mediadas), passíveis de tratamento por dessensibilização. Neste relato de caso, descrevemos a presença de reação alérgica ao GH mediada por imunocomplexo (hipersensibilidade tipo III). Nesta situação, a tentativa de dessensibilização pode perpetuar a formação de imunocomplexo, cujo depósito pode determinar insuficiência renal e respiratória.
Increased levothyroxine requirement in a woman with previously well-controlled hypothyroidism and intestinal giardiasis
Authors: Radaeli Rafael de Figueiredo , Diehl Leandro Arthur
Published: April 2011

The most common cause of apparent inefficiency or resistance to oral therapy with levothyroxine for hypothyroidism is nonadhesion. However, in some subjects in whom the control of hypothyroidism is extremely difficult, levothyroxine bioavailability defects should be considered. We report here the case of a 57-year-old woman with hypothyroidism that was well-controlled for the previous 6 years but suddenly presented with poor hormonal control and abdominal symptoms, despite repeatedly reporting good compliance to therapy. Adequate control of thyroid function was only obtained after intestinal giardiasis was diagnosed and treated.
O envolvimento do plexo coróide e epêndima na tuberculose sua importância na disseminação da doença no sistema nervoso central
Authors: Queiroz Aristides Cheto de , Cendon Filha Sônia Perez
Published: April 2011

Neste trabalho é mostrado o estudo histopatológico do plexo coróide e epêndima em 42 casos necropsiados de tuberculose do SNC. Lesões granulomatosas características da tuberculose foram encontradas em 75% dos plexos examinados. É chamada a atenção para a existência de granulomas que se destacam da superfície do plexo - granulomas flutuantes - que parecem importantes para o entendimento da patogenia da doença no SNC. A lesão ependimária, vista em 97% dos casos examinados, é característica da ependimite granular da tuberculose. A alta frequência de lesões nestas estruturas fortalece a hipótese de que estas podem ser pontos de partida na disseminação da tuberculose meníngea.
Weber's syndrome with recovery ct demonstration of an end-zone infarction in the territory of the mesencephalic artery
Authors: Oliveira-Souza R. , Gusmão D. L.
Published: April 2011

Weber's syndrome is one of the classically described brainstem syndromes. The mesencephalic artery and the syndromes resulting from occlusion of its branches have been attracting increasing interest in the past few years. We present here a case of Weber's syndrome emphasizing that (1) it is one of the major syndromes deriving from infarction in the territory of the mesencephalic artery; (2) that at least two clinical patterns of Weber's syndrome may be distinguished on the basis of the presence or lack of abnormal somnolence, mental confusion, and abulia; and (3) that each one of these patterns seems to be correlated with damage to distinct zones within the general territory of the mesencephalic artery.
The brain/mind complex an epistemological approach
Authors: Sanvito Wilson Luiz
Published: April 2011

It is stressed that the brain/mind complex constitutes a monolithic system that functions with emergent properties at several levels of hierarchical organization. These hierarchical levels are non-reducible to one another; they are at least three (neuronal, functional, and semantic), and they function within an interactional plan. From the epistemological view-point, the brain/mind complex uses logical and non-logical mechanisms to dea) with day-to-day problems. Logic is necessary for the thinking process, but it is not sufficient. Emphasis is given to non-logical mechanisms; fuzzy logic and heuristics, which allow the mind to develop strategies to find solutions, are analysed.
Etiology of epilepsy a prospective study of 210 cases
Authors: Arruda Walter Oleschko
Published: April 2011

The objective of this study was to establish the etiology of epilepsy in 210 chronic epileptics (110 female, 100 male), aged 14-82 years (34.2±13.3). Patients less than 10 years-old and alcoholism were excluded. All underwent neurological examination, routine blood tests, EEG and CT-scan. Twenty patients (10.5%) were submitted to spinal tap for CSF examination. Neurological examination was abnormal in 26 (12.4%), the EEG in 68 (45.5%), and CT-scan in 93 (44.3%). According to the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (1981), 101 (48.1%) have generalized seizures, 66 (31.4%) partial seizures secondarily generalized, 25 (11.8%) simple partial and complex partial seizures, and 14 (6.6%) generalized and partial seizures. Four patients (2.0%) could not be classified. In 125 (59.5%) patients the etiology was unknown. Neurocysticercosis accounted for 57 (27.1%) of cases, followed by cerebrovascular disease 8 (3.8%), perinatal damage 5 (2.4%), familial epilepsy 4 (1.9%), head injury 4 (1.9%), infective 1 (0.5%), and miscelanea 6 (2.8%).
Distrofia muscular congênita estudo clinico de 17 pacientes
Authors: Oliveira A. S. B. , Gabbai A. A. , Kiyomoto B. H. , Ferreira Neto A. , Schmidt B. , Lima J. G. C.
Published: April 2011

Descrevemos 17 pacientes (12m, 5f) com idades que variaram de 1 a 24 anos (mediana 6 anos) com distrofia muscular congênita (DMC), que foram estudados do ponto de vista genético, clínico, laboratorial, eletrofisiológico e anátomo-patológico. A apresentação segundo a herança foi da forma esporádica (76,5%) ou possivelmente autossômica recessiva (23,5%). A diminuição da movimentação fetal intra-uterina foi referida em 57% dos casos, hipotonia neonatal em 82% e retardo no desenvolvimento motor em 88,2%. Fraqueza muscular, diminuição dos reflexos profundos e contraturas articulares estavam presentes em todos os casos. A piora na função motora estava muito relacionada ao aumento ou aparecimento de novas retrações articulares. A CK nunca ultrapassou valores acima de 8 vezes o normal. O ENMG foi de padrão miopático em 73,3%, neuropático em 13,3% e normal em 13,3% dos casos. Aspectos tomográficos com hipodensidade da substância branca subcortical foram vistos em 8 casos. Ao tratamento impôs-se fisioterapia adequada e cirurgia corretiva das deformidades articulares. Novas contraturas desenvolveram-se mais tarde e estavam relacionadas freqüentemente a fisioterapia insuficiente.
Função vísuo-espacial em paralisia cerebral e proposta de novo teste com a ajuda de computador
Authors: Guerreiro Marilisa M. , Moura-Ribeiro M. Valeriana L. de
Published: April 2011

Os autores apresentam o estudo da função vísuo-espacial em uma criança com paralisia cerebral (PC). Apoiados nas teorias de Luria e Piaget, justificam a existência de tal distúrbio em PC. A criança-propósito deste estudo apresentou elementos teórico-práticos que embasaram esta idéia. Face às limitações dos testes disponíveis, propomos novo teste aplicável tanto em papel quanto em computador. Trata-se de quatro linhas dispostas equidistantemente em diferentes inclinações. A simplicidade do teste permitiu seu uso em computador, o que ampliou e aprofundou a investigação, acrescentando novos elementos ao estudo.
Isolamento, identificação e sorotipagem de candida albicans a partir de secreção vaginal
Authors: Garcia Antonio Luengo , Siqueira Antonio Martins de
Published: April 2011

Foram estudadas 104 amostras de secreção vaginal de mulheres com suspeita de candidiase segundo observações clinicas, na cidade de Alfenas-MG. Encontrou-se 55,7% de positividade para Candida albicans .prevalecendo maior índice na raça negra (64% de 25 amostras), sendo de 53,1% (79 amostras), a positividade na raça branca. Em 14 gestantes, a pesquisa da levedura mostrou-se positiva na totalidade dos casos. A maioria das amostras positivas (93,1%) procedia de mulheres com idade compreendida entre 20 40 anos. O uso de anticoncepcionais, antibióticos e presença de displasias cervicais mostraram-se como fatores que contribuiram para maior incidência do fungo. Das 58 amostras de C. albicans isoladas, 50 (86,2%) pertenciam ao sorotipo "A", sendo 37 (74%) isoladas de mulheres da raça branca e 13 (26%) da raça negra. Apenas 08 amostras (13,8%) pertenciam ao sorotipo "B", sendo 05 (11,9%) isoladas a partir de mulheres da raça branca e 03 (18,75%) da raça negra.
Os morcegos e a raiva na região oeste do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Albas Avelino , Souza Edson Aroldo Novaes de , Picolo Miléia Ricci , Favoretto Silvana Regina , Gama Adriana Ruckert da , Sodré Miriam Martos
Published: April 2011

INTRODUÇÃO: O laboratório do Pólo da Alta Sorocabana de Presidente Prudente, SP, em parceria com outras instituições de pesquisa, realizou estudos pertinentes aos morcegos da região oeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Para tal, foram pesquisadas algumas situações, tais como: a) isolamento do vírus rábico, no período 2006 a 2008; b) as respectivas variantes antigênicas; c) abrigos diurnos do morcego hematófago Desmodus rotundus. MÉTODOS: As amostras para exame foram provenientes de morcegos não hematófagos encaminhadas ao laboratório sendo submetidas aos testes de imunofluorescência direta e prova biológica. As amostras positivas foram caracterizadas antigenicamente por meio do teste de anticorpos monoclonais. Quanto aos morcegos, foram identificados e classificados, e também foi realizado mapeamento de abrigos dos mesmos. RESULTADOS: O laboratório recebeu 1.113 morcegos não hematófagos para diagnóstico laboratorial, sendo 11 (1%) deles positivos, e dentre as amostras positivas, 5 (45,5%) delas tiveram variante antigênica 3 associada ao morcego D. rotundus e 4 (36,5%) foram compatíveis com amostras de morcegos insetívoros. Foram pesquisados 16 abrigos de morcegos hematófagos e observou-se a presença de outras 3 espécies de morcegos não hematófagos convivendo com eles. CONCLUSÕES: Os experimentos mostraram que o vírus rábico continua circulando na região com pelo menos 3 variantes antigênicas, e que, a coabitação de morcegos hematófagos com não hematófagos pode ter alguma relação com a disseminação do vírus rábico.
Trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of enterococci in a Brazilian tertiary hospital: a 4-year study
Authors: Conceição Natália , Oliveira Cristina da Cunha Hueb Barata de , Silva Paulo Roberto da , Ávila Bárbara Godoi Melo , Oliveira Adriana Gonçalves de
Published: April 2011

INTRODUCTION: In the past two decades members of the genus Enterococcus have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens worldwide. This study prospectively analyzed the distribution of species and trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of enterococci in a Brazilian tertiary hospital from 2006-2009. METHODS: Enterococcal species were identified by conventional biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile was performed by disk diffusion in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). A screening test for vancomycin was also performed. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for vancomycin was determined using the broth dilution method. Molecular assays were used to confirm speciation and genotype of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). RESULTS: A total of 324 non-repetitive enterococcal isolates were recovered, of which 87% were E. faecalis and 10.8% E. faecium. The incidence of E. faecium per 1,000 admissions increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 0.3 in 2006 to 2.3 in 2009. The VRE rate also increased over time from 2.5% to 15.5% (p < 0.001). All VRE expressed high-level resistance to vancomycin (MIC >256µg/ mL) and harbored vanA genes. The majority (89.5%) of VRE belonged to E. faecium species, which were characteristically resistant to ampicillin and quinolones. Overall, ampicillin resistance rate increased significantly from 2.5% to 21.4% from 2006-2009. Resistance rates for gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin significantly decreased over time, although they remained high. Quinolones resistance rates were high and did not change significantly over time. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained show a significant increasing trend in the incidence of E. faecium resistant to ampicillin and vancomycin.
How effective is dog culling in controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis? a critical evaluation of the science, politics and ethics behind this public health policy
Authors: Costa Carlos Henrique Nery
Published: April 2011

INTRODUCTION: Zoonotic kala-azar, a lethal disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania is considered out of control in parts of the world, particularly in Brazil, where transmission has spread to cities throughout most of the territory and mortality presents an increasing trend. Although a highly debatable measure, the Brazilian government regularly culls seropositive dogs to control the disease. Since control is failing, critical analysis concerning the actions focused on the canine reservoir was conducted. METHODS: In a review of the literature, a historical perspective focusing mainly on comparisons between the successful Chinese and Soviet strategies and the Brazilian approach is presented. In addition, analyses of the principal studies regarding the role of dogs as risk factors to humans and of the main intervention studies regarding the efficacy of the dog killing strategy were undertaken. Brazilian political reaction to a recently published systematic review that concluded that the dog culling program lacked efficiency and its effect on public policy were also reviewed. RESULTS: No firm evidence of the risk conferred by the presence of dogs to humans was verified; on the contrary, a lack of scientific support for the policy of killing dogs was confirmed. A bias for distorting scientific data towards maintaining the policy of culling animals was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Since there is no evidence that dog culling diminishes visceral leishmaniasis transmission, it should be abandoned as a control measure. Ethical considerations have been raised regarding distorting scientific results and the killing of animals despite minimal or absent scientific evidence
Fases da germinação de sementes de Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer em diferentes temperaturas
Authors: Costa Paula Nepomuceno , Bueno Silvana Sales Catarina , Ferreira Gisela
Published: April 2011

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar as fases da germinação de sementes de araticum-de-terra-fria (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) sob diferentes temperaturas. Para tanto, o trabalho foi dividido em dois experimentos: um para a determinação das fases I e II da germinação, e outro para a fase III. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 3 tratamentos e 4 repetições de 25 sementes por parcela, em ambos os experimentos. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas temperaturas constantes de 25ºC e 30ºC e temperatura alternada de 20-30ºC (8-16 h, respectivamente), com luz constante. As variáveis analisadas foram a variação do grau de umidade ao longo do tempo (experimento 1), a porcentagem e a velocidade média de germinação (experimento 2). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade e regressão polinomial. A variação do grau de umidade ao longo do tempo foi estudada através da regressão não linear monomolecular, com os parâmetros das funções comparados conforme os tratamentos, ajustados, submetidos à análise de variância e teste Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se que as sementes mantidas a 30ºC apresentaram maiores valores para velocidade de aquisição de água, atingindo 27,85% de grau de umidade na mudança da fase I para a fase II. Quando as sementes foram submetidas a 25ºC, a fase I teve duração de 60 horas, atingindo 28,35% de grau de umidade e, sob 20/30ºC, a fase durou 72 horas, alcançando 28,33% de grau de umidade. Embora 30ºC tenha promovido a maior velocidade de embebição, não refletiu em maior porcentagem de germinação (fase III), que foi observada nas sementes mantidas a 20/30ºC.
Colômbia: mais insegurança humana, menos segurança regional
Authors: Tokatlian Juan Gabriel
Published: April 2011

No contexto da grave crise que atravessa a região andina em seu conjunto, o exemplo da Colômbia é o mais dramático e serve potencialmente de modelo de intervenção externa nos assuntos internos de um país do hemisfério. Nesse sentido, analisa-se o tipo de guerra que vive a Colômbia, assim como o chamado novo intervencionismo e as possíveis saídas para o conflito armado no referido país. Trata-se de uma situação complexa e instável em que se misturam e confundem guerra política, violência criminal, demolição do Estado, violação dos direitos humanos e expansão do poderio estadunidense na região. Como decorrência do aumento dos confrontos internos, da persistência da "guerra contra as drogas" e do começo da "guerra contra o terrorismo", a ingerência dos Estados Unidos é cada vez mais eloqüente e preocupante. Enquanto isso, uma América do Sul passiva não parece querer comprometer-se com uma saída viável para um conflito expansivo no coração dos Andes.
Sensory nerve conduction in the caudal nerves of rats with diabetes
Authors: Carvalho Celina Cordeiro de , Maia Juliana Netto , Lins Otávio Gomes , Moraes Sílvia Regina Arruda de
Published: April 2011

PURPOSE: To investigate sensory nerve conduction of the caudal nerve in normal and diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetes was induced in twenty 8-weeks old Wistar male rats. Twenty normal rats served as controls. Caudal nerve conduction studies were made before diabetes induction and the end of each week for six consecutive weeks. The caudal nerve was stimulated distally and nerve potentials were recorded proximally on the animal's tail using common "alligator" clips as surface electrodes. RESULTS: After induction, nerve conduction velocities (NCV) increased slower in the diabetic than in the control group. Sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) conduction velocities increased slower in the diabetic than in the control group (slope of regression line: 0.5 vs 1.3m/s per week; NCV in the 15th week = 39±3m/s vs 44±4m/s). Tukey's tests showed differences between groups at the 11th, 13th and 15th weeks old. From the 10th week on, SNAP amplitudes increased faster in the diabetic than in the control group (slopes of the regression line: 10 vs 8µV per week; SNAP amplitudes in the 15th week: 107±23µV vs 85±13µV). Differences at the 12th, 13th and 15th weeks were significant. CONCLUSION: In diabetic rats nerve conduction velocities were slower whereas amplitudes were larger than in normal rats.
Modelagem de aterramentos elétricos para fenômenos de alta frequência e comparação com resultados experimentais
Authors: Alípio Rafael Silva , Afonso Márcio Matias , Oliveira Tarcísio Antônio Santos de , Schroeder Marco Aurélio de Oliveira
Published: April 2011

Este artigo apresenta os fundamentos físicos e matemáticos de uma metodologia de cálculo de transitórios eletromagnéticos em aterramentos elétricos, solicitados por fenômenos de alta frequência, por exemplo, aqueles associados à incidência de descargas atmosféricas. As equações resultantes são oriundas da aplicação direta das equações básicas do eletromagnetismo no domínio da frequência, cuja solução é obtida mediante aplicação da técnica numérica Método dos Momentos. Os resultados advindos do modelo proposto são comparados com dados de medição e com resultados de outro modelo, considerado referência na literatura técnica especializada. De tais comparações verifica-se a consistência da modelagem proposta.
Avaliação e tratamento da dor perineal no pós-parto vaginal
Authors: Francisco Adriana Amorim , Oliveira Sonia Maria Junqueira Vasconcellos de , Santos Jaqueline de Oliveira , Silva Flora Maria Barbosa da
Published: April 2011

OBJETIVOS: Identificar a prevalência, intensidade e medidas terapêuticas de alívio da dor perineal, após o parto vaginal. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado na Unidade de Alojamento Conjunto do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo e os dados foram colhidos por entrevista, junto a 303 puérperas que tiveram parto vaginal, com escala numérica (0 a 10) para avaliar a dor perineal, avaliação perineal e dados do prontuário. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da dor perineal foi de 18,5%, com intensidade moderada (51,8%), associada à presença de episiotomia (p=0,001). Houve 303 partos vaginais; 80,5% apresentaram trauma perineal, 75,4% episiotomias e 24,6% lacerações. O analgésico oral foi o método mais utilizado para alívio da dor perineal. CONCLUSÃO: Há diversos tratamentos para o alívio da dor perineal; não há método com completa eficácia para a resolução do problema.
Sexualidade de puérperas com bebês de risco
Authors: Belentani Leda Maria , Marcon Sônia Silva , Pelloso Sandra Marisa
Published: April 2011

OBJETIVO: Identificar possíveis alterações na sexualidade de mulheres que experienciaram o puerpério com bebês de risco. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo coorte realizado com 193 puérperas que tiveram filhos nascidos entre maio e outubro de 2008 e incluídos no Programa de Vigilância ao Recém-nascido de Risco de Maringá-PR. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-struturada em duas visitas domiciliares, aos 45 dias e seis meses pós-parto. RESULTADOS: Entre as puérperas participantes 45,8% e 26,3% afirmaram que sua sexualidade estava pior do que antes da gravidez, respectivamente, aos 45 dias e seis meses após o parto. Não foi observada associação estatística entre sexualidade e qualquer variável aos 45 dias, mas o foi aos seis meses, após o parto em relação às intercorrências na gravidez (p=0,0259) e convívio com o companheiro (p=0,0093). CONCLUSÃO: Mães de recém-nascidos de risco, em especial, as que apresentaram intercorrência gestacional, necessitam de acompanhamento multidisciplinar e a longo prazo
Regeneração in vitro via organogênese direta de Bauhinia cheilantha
Authors: Gutiérrez Ingrid Estefania Mancia de , Nepomuceno Cristina Ferreira , Ledo Carlos Alberto da Silva , Santana José Raniere Ferreira de
Published: April 2011

Bauhinia cheilantha, conhecida como "pata-de-vaca", possui grande relevância econômica e etnofarmacológica no semiárido brasileiro. Nas suas sementes constatou-se dormência, o que dificulta a obtenção de plantas uniformes e em curto período de tempo, diante disso, o presente trabalho objetivou estabelecer um protocolo de micropropagação para a espécie. Os segmentos cotiledonar e nodal de plântulas emergidas in vitro foram inoculados em meio de cultura WPM, suplementado com diferentes concentrações de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ) ou cinetina (KIN) para induzir a regeneração de brotos adventícios. Na fase de enraizamento foram testadas diferentes concentrações de ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) e de carvão ativado. Nos segmentos nodais houve maior capacidade organogênica do que no segmento cotiledonar. O maior número de brotos (4,3 e 2,1) foi obtido com 1,0mg L-1 de TDZ e 1,5mg L-1 de BAP, respectivamente. No entanto, na presença de TDZ foram observadas as menores brotações. A presença de 2,0mg L-1 de AIB com carvão ativado (CA) promoveu a maior porcentagem de enraizamento (cerca de 60,0%) e maior número de raízes adventícias (2,5). As brotações enraizadas foram transferidas para casa de vegetação e aclimatizadas com sucesso.
Waterborne ammonia and silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen: survival and growth
Authors: Miron Denise dos Santos , Becker Alexssandro Geferson , Loro Vania Lúcia , Baldisserotto Bernardo
Published: April 2011

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of waterborne un-ionized ammonia (NH3) on the survival and growth of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Juveniles were exposed to 0.10, 0.22, and 0.42mg L-1 NH3 at pH 8.2 for 45 days. After 15 days, a significant mortality rate (33%) was observed in the fish exposed to 0.42mg L-1 NH3. After 20 days, 23% and 43% mortality (both significant) was observed in fish exposed to 0.22 and 0.42mg L-1 NH3, respectively. A significant negative relationship between survival, length, daily weight gain, standard growth rate, and biomass of juveniles of silver catfish per tank with waterborne NH3 levels was found at the end of the experiment. The resulting survival and waterborne NH3 relationship indicated that, to avoid any mortality of silver catfish, the maximum level of chronic NH3 exposure at pH 8.2 would be 0.01mg L-1.
Calli induction in leaf explants of coffee elite genotypes
Authors: Rezende Juliana Costa de , Carvalho Carlos Henrique Siqueira de , Pasqual Moacir , Santos Ana Carolina Ramia , Carvalho Stephan Malfitano de
Published: April 2011

Three experiments were carried out with the objective of achieving high effectiveness in calli induction from high heterozygosis leaf explants of Coffea arabica through indirect somatic embryogenesis. A randomized-block design in a 2x5 factorial arrangement made up of two media [BOXTEL & BERTHOULY (1996) and TEIXEIRA et al. (2004)] and five C. arabica genotypes were used in the first experiment. In the second experiment the embryogenic calli production potential was evaluated in ten genotypes. Each of them was considered as a treatment. In the third experiment the variations in both 2.4-D (2.5 e 20µM) and 2-iP (2.5 e 20µM) concentrations in TEIXEIRA et al. (2004) medium and secondary media were evaluated. Crops were kept in a growth room under darkness, at 25±2oC. The medium described by TEIXEIRA et al (2004) was found to be superior when compared to that described by BOXTEL & BERTHOULY (1996) in the 2.2 and 7.2 genotypes. An opposite behavior was noticed in 4.2 genotype, that is, BOXTEL & BERTHOULY (1996) had medium superiority. Both 3.0 and 5.0 genotypes had the same behavior in both media studied, which shows that the somatic embryo production depends on the genotype. Calli induction depends on the 2-iP and 2.4 D ratio. The 20.0µM of 2.4-D and 20.0µM of 2-iP combination caused the highest embryogenic calli induction rate.
Reidratação de inflorescências de boca-de-leão após o armazenamento refrigerado e seco
Authors: Vieira Luciana Marques , Santos Joice Simone dos , Finger Fernando Luiz , Barbosa José Geraldo , Cecon Paulo Roberto
Published: April 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes soluções sobre a reidratação e longevidade de inflorescências de boca-de-leão após armazenamento refrigerado a seco. As hastes foram colhidas com seis a sete flores abertas e, após 24 horas em água, foram embaladas em papel-craft, acondicionadas em sacos plásticos perfurados e armazenadas a 5°C por dois, quatro ou seis dias. Após o período de armazenamento a frio, as hastes foram colocadas em recipientes contendo 400mL de (1) água desionizada (controle), (2) solução de Flower® (Ecoplanet, SC) ou (3) solução preparada com 20g L-1 sacarose + 150mg L-1 ácido cítrico + 200mg L-1 de 8-HQC. As soluções foram trocadas a cada 48 horas, quando foi realizado o corte a 2cm na base da haste. Foi estabelecido o fim da vida de vaso quando as inflorescências apresentavam 50% de abscisão ou murcha das flores. A longevidade das inflorescências diferiu com o tempo de armazenamento e com a solução de vaso utilizada. A maior vida de vaso foi obtida quando as hastes foram armazenadas por dois dias e, posteriormente mantidas em solução de sacarose+ácido cítrico+8-HQC. A solução de Flower® propiciou ganho de massa fresca e aumento do teor relativo de água das pétalas durante a reidratação. O uso apenas de água desionizada não foi eficiente em manter a qualidade das inflorescências de boca-de-leão, possivelmente pelo bloqueio dos vasos xilemáticos.
Rizóbios nativos do Rio Grande do Sul simbioticamente eficientes em Lotus glaber
Authors: Fontoura Ricardo de Albuquerque , Frizzo Márcio Leandro dos Santos , Sá Enilson Luiz Saccol de , Osório Filho Benjamin Dias , Tonon Brenda Cristye , Binz Andréia , Silva Marta Coutinho da , Camargo Flavio Anastácio de Oliveira , Selbach Pedro Alberto
Published: April 2011

As leguminosas forrageiras, além de contribuírem para o aumento da oferta de forragem com alto teor de proteína, também são importantes como cobertura vegetal de solos. Entre as leguminosas com grande potencial forrageiro, espécies do gênero Lotus têm se destacado. Este trabalho visou à seleção de rizóbios nativos eficientes em Lotus glaber a partir de amostras de solo de cinco localidades do Rio Grande do Sul. Obtiveram-se 259 isolados de rizóbios, que foram avaliados quanto à morfologia colonial e produção de melanina. Destes, 15 isolados foram selecionados para avaliação da eficiência na fixação simbiótica de nitrogênio em experimento em casa de vegetação e caracterizados geneticamente por comparação do perfil eletroforético dos produtos de amplificação do DNA genômico, por PCR com os oligonucleotídeos iniciadores BOX e ERIC. Apenas cinco isolados produziram melanina. Nove isolados foram mais eficientes do que a estirpe SEMIA 830, que é autorizada para a produção de inoculante para L. glaber no país. Na caracterização genética, observou-se que nenhum isolado apresentou identidade com as estirpes recomendadas, o que demonstra que, nos solos do Rio Grande do Sul, existem rizóbios autóctones eficientes na fixação simbiótica de nitrogênio com L. glaber, podendo ser recomendados para estudos a campo, visando a uma futura produção de inoculantes para estas leguminosas no Brasil.