bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19. Liver damage – visualization features and possible causes
Authors: Vinokurov A. S. , Nikiforova M. V. , Oganesyan A. A. , Vinokurova O. O. , Yudin A. L. , Yumatova E. A.
Published: October 2020

Item. To evaluate the features of CT imaging of the liver and the possible causes of pathological changes in COVID-19.

Materials and methods. An analysis of the literature and our own data on the features of CT imaging of the liver in combination with biochemical analyzes in patients with COVID-19 was performed. The main possible causes of changes in the liver, as well as symptoms with CT, are examined.

Results. The main target of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is the respiratory system. But among patients with COVID-19, along with damage to the central nervous system, myocardium, and intestines, cases of liver damage or dysfunction have been reported. This is expressed in an increase in biochemical markers of liver damage, as well as in a diffuse decrease in its density during CT, which is usually observed in the acute stage of the disease.
Comparison of the СT patterns and pulmonary histology in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Pershina E. S. , Cherniaev A. L. , Samsonova M. V. , Varyasin V. V. , Omarova Z. R. , Pereshivailov S. O. , Berezhnaia E. E. , Parshin V. V. , Mikhailichenko K. Yu. , Shilova A. S. , Shchekochikhin D. Y. , Gilyarov M. Y.
Published: October 2020

Aim. Compare radiological patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia with pulmonary histology in deceased patients.

Materials and methods. The analysis of recent lifetime CT studies of deceased patients was performed with the identification of all existing and leading CT symptoms, including “ground glass”, “crazy paving”, consolidation, as well as the symptom complex (pattern) of organizing pneumonia. Based on the CT symptoms, we selected the target points for taking the specimens by 3-D reconstructions. At the autopsy the lungs were entirely fixed into the front and then marked on CT sections cut from 1 to 3 pieces that were placed in paraffin and processed according to the standard technique, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and fuchsin-facelina. The specimens were analyzed by identifying all available histology changes and selecting the leading one.

Results. 45 targeted pieces of lung tissue were obtained from 14 deceased COVID-19 patients (7 men/ 7 women), with an average age of 77.1 ± 12.9 (49–90 years). In deceased patients with the presence of the "ground glass" symptom, in most cases (57.1%) revealed an increase in intra-alveolar cellularity, hyaline membranes, desquamation of the alveolar epithelium and infiltration of the interalveolar septum by lymphocytes, which corresponds to the exudative phase of diffuse alveolar damage (DAP). Mosaic histological changes with alternation of filled alveoli (intraalveolar edema, clusters of red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes) and air alveoli were detected from the areas of “crazy paving” zones. Several cases demonstrated interstitial edema and lymphoid infiltration of interalveolar partitions of different severity without their thickening. Areas of consolidation were histologically represented by extensive intraalveolar hemorrhages and / or typical zones of hemorrhagic infarcts in 45.5% of cases. Perilobular consolidation, subpleural cords, symptoms of “halo” and “reverse halo”, which we considered as part of the symptom complex of organizing pneumonia in 43% of cases, morphologically corresponded to organizing pneumonia (the proliferative phase of DAP), as well as to distelectases.

Conclusion. Comparison of CT patters and post-mortem pulmonary histology in COVID-19 deceased patients demonstrated that CT symptoms and patterns correspond to certain morphological changes of different phases of DAP.
The norm of the small bowel on computed tomography
Authors: Egorov A. A. , Koshelev E. G. , Belyaev G. Yu. , Chestnova S. S. , Sokolova O. V.
Published: October 2020

Purpose of the study. Determination of normal thickness and contrast of the wall of the small bowel (SB) depending on the phase of digestion on computed tomography (CT).

Material and methods. We examined 358 patients aged 20 to 88 years. According to the results of the survey, patients are divided into two groups. The main group consisted of patients examined on an empty stomach (n = 329), and an additional group consisted of patients examined after eating (n = 29). A CT scan of the abdomen was performed with a cut-off thickness of not more than 2 mm and a bolus contrast enhancement (CE) with a nonionic contrast medium. The results of measurements of the wall thickness of the SB and the intensity of its contrast were subjected to grouping and statistical processing.

Results and discussion. According to the results of our study, the average value of the wall thickness of the SB is normally 3.1 ± 1.2 mm, with a tendency to decrease this indicator in the distal direction. The regularities of changes in the thickness and intensity of contrasting of the wall of the SB in the norm depending on the age and the last meal were determined. With increasing age, diffuse thinning of the SB wall occurs. Normally, after eating, there is a thickening of the SB wall to 4.6 ± 1.8 mm and an increase in the intensity of contrast, mediated by an increase in blood supply, with a density gradient of + 10%. After CE, the proximal sections of the SB are contrasting brighter than the distal. The gradient of contrastion of the proximal and distal parts of the SB increases after meals, is maximum in young patients and decreases with age.

Conclusion. In order to reliably differentiate the pathological thickening and change the contrasting of the SB wall from the physiological one, it is imperative to ascertain the time and nature of the last meal and to take into account the age of the patient. In "non-contact" patients, an indirect orientation is possible according to the degree of filling of the stomach and SB.
Ultrasonic differential diagnostics of cyst and cystic tumors of the spleen
Authors: Stepanova Yu. A. , Alimurzaeva M. Z. , Ionkin D. A.
Published: October 2020

The incidence of focal lesions in the spleen is 3.2–4.2% per 100,000 population. Spleen cysts are rare (incidence 0.75 per 100,000). These are single or multiple, thin- and smooth-walled cavities filled with a transparent liquid. Distinguish between primary (or true) cysts, lined with epithelium, and secondary (or false), devoid of epithelial lining. Among the primary cysts, there are congenital cysts formed in the embryonic period due to the migration of peritoneal cells into the spleen tissue, dermoid and epidermoid cysts. A special group of primary cysts are parasitic cysts. Cystic tumors of the spleen include lymphangioma and lymphoma.

The main difficulties in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen are associated with the rarity of this pathology and, as a consequence, a small number of works, including a significant number of the cases. However, in those works where a large number of the cases are described, most often this is one morphological form and an analysis of its various characteristics.

Purpose. Based on the analysis of our own examination data of a significant number of patients with cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen, to assess the possibility of differential diagnosis of individual morphological forms according to ultrasound data.

Materials and methods. 323 patients with cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen from 15 to 77 years old (men – 105 (32.5%); women – 218 (67.5%) were treated at A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery for the period from 1980 to 2020. All patients underwent ultrasound during examination. Surgical treatment was carried out in various ways – (85.1%), when making a preoperative diagnosis of an uncomplicated spleen cyst of small size, dynamic observation was carried out (verification by puncture biopsy data).

Results. Morphological verification of cysts and cystic tumors of the spleen was presented as follows (taking into account possible difficulties in identifying the epithelial lining): true cyst – 182 (56.4%); dermoid cyst – 3 (0.9%) (malignant – in 1 case); pseudocyst – 16 (5.0%); pancreatogenic – 34 (10.5%); echinococcus – 52 (16.1%); lymphangioma – 24 (7.4%); lymphoma – 10 (3.1%); ovarian cancer metastasis – 2 (0.6%). The article describes the ultrasound signs of the above forms of the lesions with an emphasis on the complexity of diagnosis.

Conclusions. Primary and parasitic spleen cysts are well differentiated according to ultrasound; false cysts of the spleen, depending on the cause of their occurrence, can create difficulties in their identification and differentiation (they require careful dynamic control); cystic tumors of the spleen should be differentiated from malignant tumors and metastases of a cystic structure, as a result of which such vigilance should always be present when they are detected.
Techniques of left atrial appendage tomography for planning intervention treatment of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kashtanova N. Yu. , Kondratyev E. V. , Ratnikov V. A. , Karpov R. A.
Published: October 2020

Due to intracardiac circulatory changes atrial fibrillation creates conditions for thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The presence of thrombus in LAA is poor prognostic factor of subsequent cardiovascular events. It is the source of up to 64% of ischemic stroke cases, and concomitant anticoagulant therapy leads to a high frequency of hemorrhagic conversion. For patient with symptomatic and drug-refractory arrhythmia is recommended surgical rhythm correction or electrical cardioversion. There is a high risk of cardioembolic stroke during the intervention, so it is necessary to exclude LAA thrombosis at pre-operation stage. The main method of LAA visualization is transesophageal echocardiography, but today computed tomography and, less, magnetic resonance tomography become important. The purpose of this review is to analyze the possibilities of each visualisation technique and their role in the diagnostic algorithm when examining patients before catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation sources.
An empirical analysis of town-forming enterprises' corporate social responsibility: Evidence from the Volga Federal District
Authors: Badykova I.R.
Published: October 2020

Subject. This article explores the determinants of social responsibility of backbone enterprises. Objectives. The article aims to investigate the relationships between the socio-economic situation of the monotown where the backbone company operates, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Methods. For the study, I used a regression analysis and univariate analysis of spatial data. The rating estimates calculated using an original methodology are used as a CSR proxy (dependent variable). Results. Presenting information about the current situation of backbone enterprises and monotowns in Russia, the article reveals the existence of relationships between the backbone enterprise's affiliation to a monotown with a certain socio-economic situation and the level of corporate social responsibility. Conclusions. The situation of the backbone companies is likely to deteriorate. Increasing the level of social responsibility during a crisis seems unlikely.
Endoscopic reduction of gastric volvulus in a patient with hiatal hernia
Authors: Kharawala Amrin M. , McCain Josiah , Ruff Kevin
Published: October 2020

Background:

Gastric volvulus, characterized by twisting of the stomach over its axis, is an under-recognized complication of hiatal hernia. It is difficult to pass an endoscope through a volvulus, and hence, surgery is considered as the most common treatment modality. However, in this report, we provide a stepwise approach with images to provide therapeutic treatment via endoscopy with its role in the diagnosis of this condition.

Case Presentation:

We present the case of a 78-year-old female who presented with an acute episode of nausea and vomiting, associated with severe upper abdominal and mid-chest pain radiating to her back. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed the presence of gastric volvulus in the sac of a large hiatal hernia, which was confirmed on computed tomography. We avoided the need for an emergency surgery by successfully reducing the gastric volvulus via endoscopy under monitored anesthesia care and endotracheal intubation.

Conclusion:

Endoscopic reduction can be an effective therapy for the treatment of gastric volvulus, especially in patients who are poor surgical candidates.
Nuevas perspectivas de la educación física: tendencias, contenidos, métodos y evaluación en los municipios de Neiva y Pitalito
Authors: Olaya Muñoz Jazmín Andrea , Molina Rodríguez John Freddy
Published: October 2020

La investigación denominada “Tendencias pedagógicas vigentes de la clase de educación física del nivel de básica secundaria y media en las instituciones educativas públicas de los municipios de Neiva y Pitalito” constituyo en una investigación que pretendió analizar, descubrir, narrar y caracterizar los ambientes de aprendizaje actuales que se asocian y contribuyen al desarrollo y fortalecimiento de la Educación Básica en los municipios de Neiva y Pitalito; además, la necesidad de conocer las experiencias educativas por parte de los maestros en su práctica, conocer el tipo de tendencia utilizada, es decir, si el docente tiene en cuenta aspectos técnicos, de fundamentación, observa habilidades y destrezas por parte del estudiante y el desempeño que éste tenga.También, se consideró fundamental establecer en la actualidad cómo los docentes desarrollan sus currículos o contenidos, métodos, formas de trabajo y evaluación, que predominan en la clase, cómo se está desarrollando el proceso educativo y cuáles son las matices (modelos pedagógicos, estrategias didácticas, enfoques metodológicos) que implementan los docentes en sus clases, frente a innumerables alternativas que se pueden desarrollar en el área de Educación Física. El proyecto se realizó partiendo de de la imperiosa necesidad que se da desde el ámbito internacional, nacional, departamental y municipal de llevar a cabo estudios que visualicen la realidad educativa que se presenta en este contexto.
Effect of Nettle (Urtica dioca L.) density on fiber yield and quality in a natural ecosystem under East Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Kakabouki Ioanna , Zisi Charikleia , Karydogianni Stella , Priniotakis George , Darawsheh Mohammed K , Tselia Zoi
Published: October 2020

Nettle (Urtica dioica L.), a new industrial crop, has been cultivated since the 12th century for its fibers. This study was conducted to specify the optimal density of plants in order to move from wild harvest to nettle cultivation. For the present study, sampling was performed in 21 different fields throughout Greece, during October 2018. The effect of nine different plant densities on several agronomic (plants height, leaf area and dry matter) and fiber quality (straw length, fiber percentage, yield, extension at break, strength, length, diameter) characteristics was determined. The higher fiber yield occurred at the lower density (4 plants m2), while the higher fiber diameter observed at the highest density (12 plants m2). Comparisons were performed at the 5% level of significance (p ≤ 0.05). According to our results, there have been negative correlations between plant density and certain agronomic and quality characteristics such as plant height and fiber length, hence the optimal density is about seven plants per m2.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРИРОДНИХ ТА АБСОРБТИВНИХ СУБСТАНЦІЙ ДЛЯ ОЧИЩЕННЯ ПРИРОДНИХ ТА СТІЧНИХ ВОД
Authors: Matiiuk S. , Gribinko V.
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the use of biological agents (microorganisms, plants and fish) in the systems of the natural and water treatment which can be organization formed as natural ecosystems as a bioplateau and managed as after composition and duration of functioning.

It is shown that quality and perspective material in the processes of cleaning of drinkable and sewer waters are natural mineral sorbents. Their value is determined by high porosity, largeness of and absorption properties, by possibility sorbents the substances of inorganic and organic origin, by a capacity for a regeneration. Charts of cleaning of drinkable and sewer waters, where the modified basaltic tuffs come forward in quality of filter sorbent, are expedient and economically advantageous, and simplicity of apparatus registration allows their introduction on water-purifying building.
POTENSI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SERABUT KELAPA (COCOFIBER) MENJADI POT SERABUT KELAPA (COCOPOT) (The Potential Utilization of Coconut Fiber Waste into Vase of Coconut Fiber (Cocopot))
Authors: Azzaki Dawud Abdullah , Iqbal Muhammad , Maulidia Vera , Arifin Arifin , Apriani Isna , Rahayu Jati Dian
Published: October 2020

Abstract This study aims to examine the strength of cocopot, analyze cocopot as a seedling media, evaluate the potential utilization of coconut waste from making cocopot and analyze economic development from making cocopot to organic plant farmers. The study used a burlap karoni mold with dimensions of 30 cm x 15 cm. The study was carried out with variations in adhesives namely starch adhesives, wood glue and polybags as controls. Research on air falls and immersion in the air is done to fight cocopot's durability and adhesiveness. Research on the impact of using cocopot on plants was carried out with indicators of the height and number of leaves of cayenne. The results of the research on the strength of durability, the adhesiveness of cocopot and the impact of cocopot on plants prove that cocopot with starch adhesives is better than adhesives of wood glue and polybags. Keywords: Cocopot, cocofiber, organic pot. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kekuatan cocopot, menganalisa pengaruh cocopot sebagai media semai, mengevaluasi potensi pengurangan limbah serabut kelapa dari pembuatan cocopot dan menganalisa pengaruh ekonomi dari pembuatan cocopot terhadap petani tanaman organik. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat cetakan berlapis karung goni dengan dimensi 30 cm x 15 cm. Penelitian dilakukan dengan variasi perekat yaitu perekat kanji, lem kayu dan polybag sebagai kontrol. Penelitian terhadap jatuhan air dan perendaman dalam air dilakukan untuk menguji kekuatan daya tahan dan daya rekat cocopot. Penelitian dampak penggunaan cocopot terhadap tanaman dilakukan dengan indikator tinggi dan jumlah daun tanaman cabai rawit. Hasil penelitian kekuatan daya tahan, daya rekat cocopot dan dampak cocopot terhadap tanaman menunjukkan bahwa cocopot dengan perekat kanji lebih baik daripada perekat lem kayu dan polybag. Kata Kunci: Cocopot, cocofiber, pot organik.
Atom-Economical Cross-Coupling of Internal and Terminal Alkynes to Access 1,3-Enynes
Authors: Liu Mingyu , Tang Tianhua , Apolinar Omar , Matsuura Rei , Busacca Carl , Qu Bo , Fandrick Daniel , Zatolochnaya Olga , Senanayake Chris , Song Jinhua , Engle Keary
Published: October 2020

Selective carbon–carbon (C–C) bond formation in chemical synthesis generally requires pre-functionalized building blocks. However, the requisite pre-functionalization steps undermine the efficiency of multi-step synthetic sequences, which is particularly problematic in large-scale applications, such as in the commercial production of pharmaceuticals. Herein, we describe a selective and catalytic method for synthesizing 1,3-enynes without pre-functionalized building blocks. This method is facilitated by a tailored P,N-ligand that enables regioselective coupling and suppresses secondary E/Z-isomerization of the product. The transformation enables several classes of unactivated internal acceptor alkynes to be coupled with terminal donor alkynes to deliver 1,3-enynes in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner. The scope of compatible acceptor alkynes includes propargyl alcohols, (homo)propargyl amine derivatives, and (homo)propargyl carboxamides. The reaction is scalable and can operate effectively with 0.5 mol% catalyst loading. The products are versatile intermediates that can participate in various downstream transformations. We also present preliminary mechanistic experiments that are consistent with a redox-neutral Pd(II) catalytic cycle.
Oxidation Level and Glycidyl Ether Structure Determine Thermal Processability and Thermomechanical Properties of Arabinoxylan-Derived Thermoplastics
Authors: Deralia Parveen Kumar , Maire du Poset Aline , Lund Anja , Larsson Anette , Ström Anna , Westman Gunnar
Published: October 2020

Herein we present arabinoxylan (AX)-based thermoplastics obtained by ring opening oxidation and subsequent reduction (dA-AX) combined with hydrophobization with three different glycidyl ethers [n-butyl (BuGE), isopropyl (iPrGE) and 2-ethylhexyl (EtHGE) glycidyl ether]. We also present the relationship of structural composition, thermal processing and thermomechanical properties. The BuGE and iPrGE etherified dA-AXs showed glass transition temperatures (Tg) far below their degradation temperatures and gave thermoplastic materials when compression-molded at 140˚C. The BuGE (3 mole) etherified dA-AX films at 19 and 31 % oxidation levels exclusively exhibit 244 % (±42) and 267 % (±72) elongation. In contrast, iPrGE-dA-AX samples with shorter and branched terminals in the side chains had maximum 60 % (±19) elongation. The dramatic difference in elongation is assumed to be due to the presence of longer alkoxide chains, higher molar substitution and dual Tg for the BuGE samples. Such superior elongation of AX thermoplastic films and its relationship with molar substitution and Tg has not been reported before.
Rotary friction welding of Al/Al2O3 Composites with Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Siedlec Robert , Strąk Cezary
Published: October 2020

Friction welding is one of the most economical process for solid-state joining materials. This technique allows to weld similar and dissimilar materials in a very short time. Friction welding of metal with composites gives new possibilities of application, due to the fact that materials have different physical and mechanical properties. In the study, aluminum alloy 44200 was friction welded to Al/Al2O3 composite. In addition, the following exam were used: optical microscopy, microhardness measurements and also tensile strength for all joints produced by friction welding. All of studies were performed to evaluate the quality of bonding aluminum alloy with metal matrix composite reinforced ceramic phase of Al/Al2O3.
Chiral covalent organic frameworks: design, synthesis and property
Authors: Han X , Yuan C , Hou B , Liu Lujia , Li H , Liu Y , Cui Y
Published: October 2020

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are constructed using reticular chemistry with the building blocks being connected via covalent bonds and have emerged as a new series of porous materials for multitudinous applications. Most COFs reported to date are achiral, and only a small fraction of COFs with chiral nature are reported. This review covers the recent advances in the field of chiral COFs (CCOFs), including their design principles and synthetic strategies, structural studies, and potential applications in asymmetric catalysis, enantioselective separation, and chiral recognition. Finally, we illustrate the remaining challenges and future opportunities in this field.
Reversible redox switching of magnetic order and electrical conductivity in a 2D manganese benzoquinoid framework
Authors: Liu Lujia
Published: October 2020

© 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Materials with switchable magnetic and electrical properties may enable future spintronic technologies, and thus hold the potential to revolutionize how information is processed and stored. While reversible switching of magnetic order or electrical conductivity has been independently realized in materials, the ability to simultaneously switch both properties in a single material presents a formidable challenge. Here, we report the 2D manganese benzoquinoid framework (Me4N)2[MnII2(L2-)3] (H2L = 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxo-1,4-benzoquinone), as synthesized via post-synthetic counterion exchange. This material is paramagnetic above 1.8 K and exhibits an ambient-temperature electrical conductivity of σ295 K = 1.14(3) × 10-13 S cm-1 (Ea = 0.74(3) eV). Upon soaking in a solution of sodium naphthalenide and 1,2-dihydroacenaphthylene, this compound undergoes a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC-SC) reduction to give Na3(Me4N)2[Mn2L3]. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm this reduction to be ligand-based, and as such the anionic framework is formulated as [MnII2(L3-)3]5-. Magnetic measurements confirm that this reduced material is a permanent magnet below Tc = 41 K and exhibits a conductivity value of σ295 K = 2.27(1) × 10-8 S cm-1 (Ea = 0.489(8) eV), representing a remarkable 200 000-fold increase over the parent material. Finally, soaking the reduced compound in a solution of [Cp2Fe]+ affords Na(Me4N)[MnII2(L2-)3] via a SC-SC process, with magnetic and electrical properties similar to those observed for the original oxidized material. Taken together, these results highlight the ability of metal benzoquinoid frameworks to undergo reversible, simultaneous redox switching of magnetic order and electrical conductivity.
Implementing the Health Early Warning System based on syndromic and event-based surveillance at the 2019 Hajj
Authors: Bieh Kingsley Lezor , Khan Anas , Yezli Saber , El Ganainy Ahmed , Asiri Sari , Alotaibi Badriah , Ghallab Sujoud , Elkholy Amgad , Abubakar Abdinasir , Jokhdar Hani
Published: October 2020

Background: During the 2019 Hajj, the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia implemented for the first time a health early warning system for rapid detection and response to health threats. Aims: This study aimed to describe the early warning findings at the Hajj to highlight the pattern of health risks and the potential benefits of the disease surveillance system. Methods: Using syndromic surveillance and event-based surveillance data, the health early warning system generated automated alarms for public health events, triggered alerts for rapid epidemiological investigations and facilitated the monitoring of health events. Results: During the deployment period (4 July–31 August 2019), a total of 121 automated alarms were generated, of which 2 events (heat-related illnesses and injuries/trauma) were confirmed by the response teams. Conclusion: The surveillance system potentially improved the timeliness and situational awareness for health events, including non-infectious threats. In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, a health early warning system could enhance case detection and facilitate monitoring of the disease geographical spread and the effectiveness of control measures.
Berita Bohong (Hoax) Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Aksin Nur , Baedowi Sunan
Published: October 2020

Dewasa kini, perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi  bertumbuh sangat cepat. Layaknya jamur di musim hujan, informasi tentang segala macam hal sangatlah mudah dijumpai. Alur komunikasi yang lancar pada saat ini, sangatlah mendukung dalam penyebaran informasi. Hampir di seluruh aspek kehidupan, sangat bergantung pada penyebaran informasi. Hal tersebut bisa dikaitkan dalam berbagai macam bidang, seperti halnya bidang ekonomi, kesehatan, pendidikan hingga politik serta unsur kenegaraan. Seiring berkembangnya zaman, media informasi juga mengalami berbagai macam perkembangan. Tidak hanya melalui koran, televisi maupun radio, kini informasi juga dapat diperoleh melalui jaringan yang lebih luas. Berbagai macam artikel, jurnal, berita maupun bentuk-bentuk media informasi lainnya sangat mudah didapatkan dan juga sangat mudah untuk disebarkan. Selain itu, berbagai informasi tersebut juga dapat kita ubah, baik dari segi redaksi maupun ilustrasi pendukungnya. Sehingga jika kita telaah kembali, terdapat beberapa hal yang patut kita garisbawahi. Hal tersebut adalah, bahwasanya informasi yang ada pada saat ini tidak seluruhnya merupakan informasi yang bersifat aktual. Tidak dapat dipungkiri, informasi tersebut dapat mengandung berbagai hal yang tidak berdasarkan fakta yang ada dan tidak jarang pula berisi suatu hal yang berlebihan. informasi yang tidak berdasarkan fakta tersebut, kini kita kenal sebagai berita palsu (hoax). Hoax yang telah tersebar pada masyarakat dalam bentuk informasi, nantinya akan sangat mudah untuk dijadikan konsumsi umum serta bahan referensi. Isinya yang sangat tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan akan menimbulkan beberapa efek negatif. Negara sudah tentu memiliki beberapa kebijakan untuk menanggulangi serta menanggapi fenomena hoax tersebut, melalui peraturan perundang-undangan maupun kebijakan lainnya. Adapun perihal hoax dalam agama Islam, sudah tentu merupakan perbuatan yang dilarang. Ajaran di dalam Islam, selalu berlandaskan pada nilai-nilai kejujuran serta keadilan, membawa hal yang haq serta menghindarkan dari berbagai macam hal yang bathil. Islam juga telah memiliki beberapa aturan dan cara dalam bertukar informasi. Melalui media dakwah, umat Islam dapat memperoleh berbagai macam informasi dan ilmu. Selain itu, juga terdapat media musyawarah dimana di dalam kegiatan tersebut umat Islam dapat saling bertukar informasi. Seluruh kegiatan tersebut sudah tentu harus berlandaskan pada etika yang baik, sehingga hoax akan dapat dihindari. Senantiasa memilih serta mencermati sebuah ilmu maupun informasi yang diterima, juga merupakan bagian dari tata cara bertukar ilmu maupun informasi dalam Islam.
Comparison of laparotomic omentopexy vs. laparoscopic abomasopexy treatments of left displaced abomasum in dairy cows under field conditions: biochemical analysis
Authors: Haloun Tomáš , Rajmon Radko , Řehák Dalibor , Hartlová Helena , Ptáčková Zuzana , Marek Jaroslav , Folková Petra , Slavík Petr , Šterc Jan
Published: October 2020

The objective of this retrospective study was to compare the effects of the two methods (laparoscopic or laparotomic) of LDA (left displaced abomasum) correction under field conditions by means of survival rate and biochemical profile evaluation. Holstein cows from one farm with LDA over a 20-month period were included in the study. Cows underwent laparoscopic abomasopexy (Janowitz’s method, LS) or a laparotomic right flank omentopexy (Dirksen’s method, LT). Blood samples for biochemical analysis were taken just prior to surgery (D1) and on days 10 (D10) and 30 (D30) following surgery. Blood profiles of healthy cows identified from the farm’s routine transition cow monitoring program were used as control (C). Aiming to minimize disruptive effects of quite a long period of data collection, the cows’ biochemical profile was evaluated in three orthogonal comparisons: LS cows vs. control group, LT cows vs. control group, and LS cows vs. LT cows. The rate of animal survival was similar for both methods (loss of about 11% until 30 days after treatment). Most of the blood parameters from LS and LT groups were comparable in all three sampling terms indicating continual organism recovery. At D10 the difference of higher cholesterol concentration and lower haptoglobin concentration were favourable for the LS group (P < 0.05). Total protein, calcium, magnesium and albumin showed more positive dynamics in the LS group too. This proves previous laboratory and clinical indices of expediency of LDA laparoscopy treatment under field conditions.
Comparison of plasma and intra-articular gentamicin levels after intravenous administration in healthy horses
Authors: Ferreira Marília Alves , Aguiar Mayra Lissoni , Grigoletto Renan , Passarelli Danielle , Arantes Julia de Assis , Reginato Gustavo Morandini , Brito Pedro Henrique Salles , da Silva Thiago Jonatha Fernandes , Dória Renata Gebara Sampaio
Published: October 2020

Septic arthritis is considered one of the most severe disorders that affect horses’ joints. Therapy is intended to eliminate the microorganisms that cause this infection. The intravenous administration of antibiotics is an easily performed technique, but there is no guarantee that the antibiotics will reach the joint milieu at high concentrations and remain elevated for a certain period of time. This study aimed to determine and compare the levels of gentamicin in the plasma and synovial fluid of healthy horses after intravenous administration for seven days. Five horses received 6.6 mg/kg intravenous gentamicin every 24 h for seven consecutive days. Blood and synovial fluid samples were collected from the right metacarpal-phalangeal joint before the start of the treatment (T0) and after 6 h (T6), 12 h (T12), and every 24 h during antibiotic therapy for seven days (D1 to D7). The levels of gentamicin in serum and synovial fluid were quantified by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The intravenous administration of 6.6 mg/kg of gentamicin, in horses, after a period of 24 h, promotes synovial fluid concentrations below the MIC of the drug, in spite of reaching high plasma concentrations of gentamicin, daily mean serum concentration which was 29-fold higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drug. The intravenous administration every 24 h during seven consecutive days did not cause systemic side effects, such as hepatic or renal injury.
Suspected alimentary poisoning by aluminium phosphide in horses – a case report
Authors: Široká Zuzana , Melka Radek , Honzlová Alena , Dobšíková Radka , Svobodová Zdeňka
Published: October 2020

In November 2018, a horse owner from the Czech Republic experienced the loss of two of his stallions in consequence of probable poisoning. The affected animals were kept in the stable only. The mares, which were grazing on pasture during the day, were not affected. All the animals were fed the same type of feed. The day before the animals became sick, between 15:00 to 19:00 h the stable was not secured against the entry of strangers. When the mares were brought back to the stable and all animals were closed and locked for the night, no signs of health issues were observed. In the following morning, the two stallions were found in lateral recumbency with seizure attacks. Despite symptomatic treatment (infusion with saline, flunixine meglumine, activated charcoal) and applications of myorelaxants, the symptoms persisted until the afternoon, and the owner agreed with euthanasia. Based on the clinical signs and pathological examination, poisoning by pesticides was suspected. The results of toxicological analyses revealed that carbofuran, metaldehyde, and strychnine were not responsible for the poisoning as they were not detected in the samples. The only positive finding was a high aluminium concentration in the stomach content, liver and kidney samples. Based on the observed symptoms and the high aluminium concentration, it was presumed that aluminium phosphide could be the source of poisoning. As there was no evidence of the possession of such product by the horse breeder and the stable stayed unsupervised for a few hours, intentional poisoning cannot be excluded.
Effects of time and temperature on blood gas and electrolytes in equine venous blood
Authors: Filho José Dantas Ribeiro , Santos Paulo Vinícius de Morais , Alves Samuel Rodrigues , Monteiro Lorena Chaves , Costa Caio Monteiro , Viana Rinaldo Batista , Avanza Marcel Ferreira Bastos , Dantas Waleska de Melo Ferreira , da Silva Micheline Ozana
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the viability time of horse venous blood samples kept at laboratory temperature (LT) and in water with ice (WI), to perform blood gas analysis. Eleven blood samples were collected in duplicates from 10 healthy horses. The samples were transported to the laboratory and subjected to one of the 24 h storage method. Each pair of syringes was distinctly kept at LT or submerged in WI. Blood gas tests were performed at times T0h, T1h, T2h, T3h, T4h, T5h, T6h, T8h, T10h, T12h and T24h after collection. Analyses of electrolytes were also performed from the same samples. A difference in blood pH was found between the treatments (P< 0.05). From T4h, pH decreased in samples kept at LT, but in WI, pH did not change. For partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), a difference between treatments (P< 0.05) was noted starting at T8h. In samples kept at LT, pCO2increased; no changes occurred in samples stored in WI. There was a decrease in the base concentration beginning at T5h in samples kept at LT (P< 0.05), but no variation in samples kept in WI. These changes can be attributed to the erythrocyte metabolism, still activein vitro, which generates lactic acid from anaerobic glycolysis. The potassium concentration increased in samples kept in WI from T4h, with a gradual increase until T24h. Conservation of equine venous blood samples in WI is efficient in reducing cellular metabolism, thereby increasing the viability of samples for examination and interpretation of results.
The impact of temperature-humidity index on blood morphology and β-hydroxybutyrate in different sheep breeds
Authors: Autukaitė Jurgita , Poškienė Indrė , Juozaitienė Vida , Antanaitis Ramūnas , Žilinskas Henrikas
Published: October 2020

Climatic variations directly affect the animals, changing their physiology. Several factors such as species, breed, sex, age, nutrition, diseases, physiological stage, and seasonal variations can affect the pattern of haematological values. Quantitative and morphological changes in blood cells are associated with higher temperatures and humidity. Sixty-seven sheep (3 years old, not pregnant, clinically healthy) were used in the study to determine the effect of the temperature-humidity index (THI) and breed on morphological blood indices and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). The sheep were divided into groups by the breed (4 breeds) and the THI (2 classes). The blood samples from each animal were collected monthly. Significant differences between the values of leukocytes (WBC), neutrophils (NEU), erythrocytes (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (MON) and platelet count (PLT) in THI groups were observed. In THI 1, the mean values of MCHC (5.68%, P < 0.05), MCH (0.52%), and HCT (4.90%, P < 0.05) were higher compared to those in THI 2. Multivariate test showed a significant effect of breed on NEU (P < 0.05), RBC (P < 0.05), HGB (P < 0.05) and MCHC (P < 0.05). The concentration of BHB in group THI 2 was by 12.9% higher (P < 0.05), compared to group THI 1. A significant effect of the breed (P < 0.05) and THI class (P < 0.05) on BHB was determined, whereas the impact of breed interaction with the THI was found to be non-significant. The observations reported in this study suggest that the response to temperature is dependent on animal breed. It was found that both morphological blood indices and BHB were affected by the temperature-humidity index.
Serological investigation of ovine chlamydiosis in small ruminants in Western Turkey
Authors: Malal Mehmet Engin , Karagül Mustafa Sencer , Akar Kadir
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of ovine chlamydiosis caused byChlamydia abortusin sheep and goats in Western Turkey. Chlamydial abortion causes late term abortions with a worldwide occurence particularly in sheep and goats; it also leads to significant financial losses. Seroepidemiological studies provide useful data regarding the prevalence of the disease. Isolation ofChlamydia abortusas the causative agent of the disease is a time consuming and laborious procedure requiring appropriate biosafety measures. Serological methods are commonly used for routine diagnosis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is generally recommended for surveillance studies. In this study, a total of 833 blood samples obtained from 126 herds of sheep and goats located in all provinces of the Marmara region, Western Turkey, were analyzed. Total seroprevalence was found to be 25.81% through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, the proportion of seropositive herds was observed at 62.70%, which is higher than the total seroprevalence. This study confirms the presence ofChlamydia abortusexposure in sheep and goat herds in the Marmara region and provides original seroprevalence data in the provinces, which have not been reported so far. The data gathered are useful for the evaluation and elaboration on the seroprevalence of chlamydiosis in small ruminants in the Marmara region, Turkey.
Computed tomographic imaging and surgical treatment of an acquired dentigerous cyst in a Slovakian Chuvach – a case report
Authors: Václavíková Jana , Tutt Cedric , Fichtel Tomáš , Raušer Petr , Stehlík Ladislav , Putnová Barbora , Georgiou Marilena Szazeidou
Published: October 2020

Dentigerous cysts occur infrequently in dogs and they should be a primary consideration in young dogs presented with oral swelling in the edentulous area. They are even less common in cats compared to dogs. Classification of lesions in animals is not very different from those described in humans. Dentigerous cysts are most frequently seen affecting the mandibular first premolar area with unerupted mandibular first premolar teeth. This report describes the clinical case of a four-year-old female Slovakian Chuvach that suffered from long-term difficulties associated with epistaxis and swelling of the facial area. Computed tomography revealed a cyst-like structure associated with an intra-nasal canine, prompting the suspected diagnosis of an odontogenic cyst. Histopathological examination of tissues obtained during the subsequent surgical procedure confirmed the diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst.
A complex approach to a complex problem: the use of whole-genome sequencing in monitoring avian-pathogenic Escherichia coli – a review
Authors: Papoušková Aneta , Čížek Alois
Published: October 2020

Infections associated with Escherichia coli are responsible for immense losses in poultry production; moreover, poultry products may serve as a source of pathogenic and/or resistant strains for humans. As early as during the first hours of life, commercially hatched chickens are colonized with potentially pathogenic E. coli from the environment of hatcheries. The source of contamination has not been quite elucidated and the possibility of vertical spread of several avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) lineages has been suggested, making the hatcheries an important node where cross-contamination of chicken of different origin can take place. The recent technological progress makes the method of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) widely accessible, allowing high-throughput analysis of a large amount of isolates. Whole-genome sequencing offers an opportunity to trace APEC and extended-spectrum/plasmid-encoded AmpC beta-lactamases-producing E. coli (ESBL/pAmpC-E.coli) along the poultry processing chain and to recognize the potential pathways of “epidemicˮ sequence types. Data from WGS may be used in monitoring antimicrobial resistance, comparative pathogenomic studies describing new virulence traits and their role in pathogenesis and, above all, epidemiologic monitoring of clonal outbreaks and description of different transmission routes and their significance. This review attempts to outline the complexity of poultry-associated E. coli issues and the possibility to employ WGS in elucidating them.
Physiological influence of tylosin tartrate overdose in vivo in rats
Authors: Kang JeongWoo , Hossain Akil , Park Hae-chul , Kim Tae-wan , Jeong Sang-Hee
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of tylosin in rats. Tylosin was administered orally to pubertal male and female rats at concentrations of 0.005, 0.2, 10 and 200 mg/kg b.w. for 6 weeks. The overall body and organ weights were recorded. Serum levels of immunoglobulins, haematological values, histopathological lesions in different organs, and gene expression profiles in pituitary glands were investigated. The mean platelet volume was increased, and the monocyte count was decreased significantly in both male and female rats treated with tylosin. Compared to the untreated control, alanine transaminase in both types of rats and total serum bilirubin in female rats were increased significantly with the administration of tylosin (200 mg/kg), however, lactate dehydrogenase in female rats was decreased. The levels of immunoglobulin M were reduced in both male and female rats but immunoglobulin G levels were significantly reduced only in female rats which were treated with tylosin. Cell proliferation- and adhesion-associated genes were expressed more but apoptosis gene expressions were decreased in the pituitary gland of tylosin-treated rats. In conclusion, this study revealed that the use of tylosin at therapeutic dosage is possibly not completely safe.
Fresh semen characteristics in captive accipitrid and falconid birds of prey
Authors: Piaček Vladimír , Zukal Jan , Seidlová Veronika , Heger Tomáš , Němcová Monika , Přibyl Michal , Vitula František , Pikula Jiří
Published: October 2020

Artificial insemination (AI) is the most frequently used assisted reproductive technique for captive propagation of rare avian species. As semen quality is critical for reproductive success, baseline data are needed for evaluating and selecting the best male bird donors. To this end, we used computer-assisted semen analysis to assess male eastern imperial eagles (n = 7), northern goshawks (n = 24) and peregrine falcons (n = 20). While imperial eagles and northern goshawks donate ejaculate voluntarily, peregrine falcons required cloacal massage. Eight peregrine falcon females were inseminated with semen from eight males, with fresh ejaculates (15 to 50 µl) applied to the pars uterina of the oviduct immediately after collection and examination. All females were inseminated within 2 h of laying an egg. A fertilization rate of 70% was achieved using this method. Minimum semen characteristics associated with egg fertilization included a semen concentration of 115.12 × 106/ml, 33.52% total motility, 1.92% spermatozoa with progressive motility and 0.17% with rapid motility. Comparative data on spermatozoa concentration and kinematics suggest that eastern imperial eagles concentrate on high quality semen investment at the start of the breeding season, northern goshawks compensate for a decrease in motility-associated parameters with increased semen concentration and peregrine falcons maintain semen production standards throughout the breeding season. Our data show that, in birds of prey, levels of egg fertilization following AI with fresh semen can be almost as successful as after natural mating.
EFFECTIVE CRM ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIES FOR INDIAN RETAIL MARKET
Authors: Ker-Chang Chang Henry , Lin Hardy , Patankar Nilesh
Published: October 2020

The retail sector in India is one of the fast paced moving sectors and as per the experts; retail sector market size growth is expected to USD 1.3 trillion by 2020. Among India’s most attractive features for doing business, investors rated its vast domestic market and availability of cheap labor as most appealing which made India as a most promising emerging market among Asian countries and has become Centre of attraction for investors all around the globe. Taiwan is also not behind the race. After President Tsai’s proposal of “new southbound policy”, many investors from Taiwan including Terry Gou have shown a keen interest in Indian market. Though the potential growth is immense, due to ever increasing competition retailers are always under pressure to engage their customers more efficiently than before. The purpose of this paper is to explain incorporation of RFM analysis techniques to provide key insights to the retailers. It is expected that with the proposed approach retailers and investors from India and Taiwan will be able to create customer focused sales driven strategies to create amazing shopping experience for its customers.