bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A grid tied solar photovoltaic based off board electric vehicle charger in G2V and V2G mode
Authors: Kumbhare Jyoti M. , Kadwane Sumant G.
Published: September 2024

The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) is becoming vital for both the transportation and energy sectors. At the same time, they need an appropriate charging facility. Photovoltaic (PV) powered electric vehicle chargers are gaining popularity since they require negligible maintenance and steadily enhance the efficiency of PV modules. In this paper, a grid tied solar PV with a 12 pulse Line Commutated Converter (LCC) based off board EV charger is presented. The specialty of the proposed method is that it does not require an extra controller for ac grid synchronization. In addition, simplified maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is proposed, which will track the MPP of the PV array. The main disadvantage of LCC is its poor harmonics profile, which can be improved by a higher pulse number with adequate phase shift. With 12 pulse LCC, high characteristics harmonics are greatly reduced. The performance and efficacy of the suggested method have been confirmed by simulation, which proves the feasibility of the proposed solution for EV charging in both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) modes.
Dual-wavelength, nanosecond, miniature Raman laser enables efficient photoacoustic differentiation of water and lipid
Authors: Wang Hanjie , Zhao Lin , You Huiyue , Wu Huiling , Zhao Qingliang , Dong Xin , Bai Shengchuang , He Hongsen , Dong Jun
Published: September 2024

Functional photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) requires laser sources with multiple wavelengths targeting abundant substances, where lipid and water are important components of living organisms. Here, we propose to use a single compact dual-wavelength passively Q-switched solid-state laser as the excitation source to directly achieve PA differentiation of water and lipid simultaneously. The main contribution of our work is to use the excitation difference under 1064- and 1176-nm lasers for mapping water and lipid in PAM, respectively. Meanwhile, the miniature structure (cavity size: ∼10 × 10 × 5.5 mm3) of the laser source is not only promising for portable applications but also benefits the PA-desired nanosecond (<2 ns) laser pulse establishment. Our technique is confirmed by efficient PA imaging of water and lipid in biological tissues at high spatial resolution and improved sensitivity. This laser provides a novel and low-cost imaging source for PAM to track changes in water and lipid distribution.
Progress in multicomponent thermodiffusion studies in connection with the DCMIX space experiments
Authors: Shevtsova V. , Köhler W. , Bou-Ali M. M. , Mialdun A.
Published: September 2024

Understanding of thermodiffusion in ternary mixtures has made significant progress during the course of the DCMIX (Diffusion and Thermodiffusion Coefficients in ternary mixtures) microgravity experiments onboard the International Space Station (ISS). Here, we give a short overview of the four DCMIX campaigns that were successfully launched between 2012 and 2018. Essential for the success was a detailed understanding of the impact of residual vibrations on the thermodiffusion experiments. A systematic analysis was performed during the Influence VIbration on DIffusion in Liquids campaign and accelerations were monitored during the DCMIX experiments. Two-color optical techniques, as employed in the Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument experiment on the ISS, are frequently used to separate the two independent concentrations in a ternary mixture. We describe the essential ideas and methods for data processing. In any case, a frequently ill-conditioned contrast factor matrix needs to be inverted, which leads to a strong error amplification along a certain direction in the ternary composition space. Exemplarily, we discuss major outcomes of the DCMIX campaign and related laboratory experiments. A benchmark for ternary mixtures was established by a detailed comparison of DCMIX1 microgravity data and ground-based measurements. Other than in binary mixtures, cross-diffusion can provide a significant contribution to the separation in the Soret equilibrium. A newly developed approach introduces Soret vectors to describe the local composition variation over the entire Gibbs triangle. For the DCMIX3 system, the existence of a singular point could be demonstrated, where all three Soret coefficients vanish simultaneously. The difficult inversion of the contrast factor matrix can be avoided in situations where additional a priori assumptions can be made, e.g., polymers or colloids in mixed solvents.
Absolute electron impact ionization cross-sections for CF4: Three dimensional recoil-ion imaging combined with the relative flow technique
Authors: Wolff W. , Dogan M. , Luna H. , Coutinho L. H. , Mootheril D. , Baek Woonyong , Pfeifer T. , Dorn A.
Published: September 2024

Here we present measurements of dissociative and non-dissociative cross-sections for the electron impact of the CF4 molecule. The present experiments are based on a Recoil Ion Momentum Spectrometer (RIMS), a standard gas mixing setup for CF4, and a reference gas. The measurements were carried out at several electron energies up to 1 keV, covering the energy range of previous experiments. We apply the relative flow technique (RFT) to convert the relative cross-sections measured by the RIMS into absolute values. Using the combination of RIMS and RFT, ion collection and calibration errors were minimized. The results were compared with theoretical and experimental studies available in the literature. Previous electron impact experiments present relative cross-sections or use correction terms for the absolute cross-sections due to losses of energetic ions. We elucidate the differences between the new measurement method and the existing ones in the literature and explain why the present method can be considered reliable. Furthermore, we show how reducing correction terms affects the results.
Numerical investigation of stagnation point heat transfer with MHD effects using finite difference method: Analysis of thermal absorption and generation
Authors: Irshad Sadia , Jahan Shah , Majeed Afraz Hussain , Ghith Ehab , Tlija Mehdi , Asghar Atif , Rehman Nusrat
Published: September 2024

The objective of this research endeavor is to examine the properties of stagnation point flow in the presence of absorption, viscous dissipation, and internal thermal generation with respect to a shrinking surface. The resulting system of differential equations is notoriously challenging to solve analytically. The equations controlling the boundary layer flow were solved using a finite difference method. The analysis includes the examination of important physical quantities through the presentation of plots and tabulated values. Our findings reveal a strong connection between the presence of solutions for high shrinking parameters and the magnetic field that was applied. Temperatures increase when there is an increase in both Ec and α at the same time. These results also suggest a shallowing of the thermal boundary layer. As a result of these findings, it appears that temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness are sensitive to changes in these factors.
Study on performance optimization of a liquid desiccant air conditioning system driven by photovoltaic thermal–air source heat pump
Authors: Guo Chunmei , Bai Ruxue , Gao Rong , Li Yu , Xiong Hang , He Zhonglu , You Yuwen , Wang Leilei
Published: September 2024

Compared to conventional condensation dehumidification systems, a solar liquid desiccant air conditioning system (SLDAC) offers distinct advantages, enabling independent control of temperature and humidity while operating at low carbon levels. This paper proposes a low-carbon SLDAC thermal mass exchange model that uses an indirect evaporative cooling liquid dehumidifier and photovoltaic thermal and air source heat pump for combined driving of the solution regeneration process. The system simulation model was created using MATLAB and TRNSYS software. An experimental comparison was conducted between the dehumidification module and the regeneration module, and the system's performance was simulated with an airflow of 150 m3/h in the Tianjin area. The results indicate an average dehumidification efficiency of 44.03% and a regeneration efficiency of 40.80% throughout the cooling season. During the cooling season, the power generation of the system met the power demand and produced a surplus of 85.36 kWh, achieving overall self-sufficiency in power consumption. The optimized system's operating parameters were proposed, with regeneration temperatures of 57 °C in June and September and 65 °C in July and August. During the cooling season, the system's regeneration capacity exceeded its dehumidification capacity for 84.90% of the operating time. As a result of optimization, the system's carbon emissions were reduced by 59.35%.
Analysis of two-dimensional stochastic acoustic radiation problems with immersed media interface uncertainties
Authors: Ma Houbiao , Sui Guohao , Tian Ali , Kong Yue , Xia Maolong
Published: September 2024

Unlike uncertainties stemming from loads and material properties, interface uncertainties arising from variations in immersed media within the acoustic field can significantly alter the solution domain, leading to substantial dispersion in radiated acoustic pressure. To address this issue, this study introduces the extended finite element method (XFEM), Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN), and direct probabilistic integration method to develop a two-dimensional stochastic acoustic radiation analysis approach for systems with immersed media interface uncertainties. The XFEM with DtN enables accurate capture of the non-smooth solutions at the interface by constructing enriched functions without modifying the original mesh and allows the introduction of random parameters to describe the interface modifications. The input probability space of the parameters is partitioned and the Dirac δ function is smoothed, and the statistical properties such as the probability density function of system responses are obtained by summing the response under each representative point, which can efficiently treat the propagation of interface uncertainties. The computational performance of the proposed scheme is validated using examples of infinite oscillating rigid cylinders and submarine acoustic radiation. Furthermore, the impact of parameters such as the position and thickness of porous material domains on the radiated acoustic pressure is discussed.
Exploration of the physical laws of forced vibration in granular assemblies
Authors: Zhang Shengwu , Xu Wei , Wang Chiming , Chen Zhimin , Yang Hesen , Zhang Yuanchao , Li Yanan
Published: September 2024

To better realize the design and application of particle damping technology, this study explores the physical laws of vibration in granular assemblies within a confined space under forced vibration conditions and investigates the frequency-dependent characteristics of vibration state transitions in cylindrical granular bodies using experimental methods and discrete element methods. The findings indicate that under forced vibration conditions, granular assemblies exhibit five typical states, namely, solid-like, micro-vibrational, intermediate vibrational, strong vibrational, and gas-like. The vibration patterns demonstrate significant frequency-dependent characteristics, and the loss capacity of different vibration states of granular assemblies is discussed. The transition boundary of different vibration states of granular assemblies is analyzed. The influence of particle size, mass, and granular material on the parameters of the vibration state transition boundary is analyzed. The conversion and control of the vibration state of granular assemblies will be beneficial to achieve engineering applications by changing the dynamic behavior of the particles.
Incompressible extended magnetohydrodynamics waves: Implications of electron inertia
Authors: Shorba Noura E. , Mahmoud Abeer A. , Abdelhamid Hamdi M.
Published: September 2024

This paper explores plasma wave modes using the extended magnetohydrodynamics (XMHD) model, incorporating Hall drift and electron inertia effects. We utilize the geometric optics ansatz to study perturbed quantities, with a focus on incompressible systems. Our research concludes with the derivation of the dispersion relation for incompressible XMHD and the associated eigenvector solutions, offering new perspectives on plasma wave behavior under these extended scenarios. The dispersion relation shows distinct ion cyclotron and whistler wave branches, with characteristic saturation at the ion and electron gyrofrequencies, respectively. Comparisons between Hall MHD and XMHD demonstrate that XMHD provides a more accurate representation of plasma dynamics, especially at higher wave numbers, bridging the gap between simplified models and comprehensive two-fluid descriptions and smoothing out singularities present in Hall MHD solutions and capturing more physics of the full two-fluid model.
Capillary flow in nanoslits: Transition from deviation to conformance with the Lucas–Washburn equation
Authors: Tsao Yu-Hao , Liao Ying-Chih , Tsao Heng-Kwong
Published: September 2024

The Lucas–Washburn (L-W) equation does not accurately describe capillary flow in graphene-based nanoslits, particularly in terms of channel width dependence. In this study, the dynamics of imbibition in nanoslits are explored using many-body dissipative particle dynamics across various channel widths. For smooth channel walls like those of graphene, the impact of channel width on the imbibition rate varies oppositely between narrower and wider channels. A local minimum in imbibition rate is observed, indicating decreased rates in narrower channels and increased rates in wider ones, across various wettabilities. Conversely, for rough channel walls, where wall slippage is absent, the L-W equation holds, and the imbibition rate increases linearly with channel width. This discrepancy is attributed to wall slippage on smooth surfaces, with the slip length found to increase with channel width before approaching an asymptotic value. For narrower nanoslits with smooth walls, the dynamic contact angle (CA) derived from the L-W equation with a slip condition can be less than the static CA, challenging the prevailing understanding. This “effective” dynamic CA does not accurately represent the meniscus at the liquid front but instead suggests enhanced surface wettability.
A catastrophe phenomenon produced by impact of drop trains
Authors: Zeng Qin , Qian Shangtuo , Yan Feng , Luo Ping , Zhang Wenming , Kan Kan , Chen Huixiang
Published: September 2024

The impact of drop trains is widespread in industrial and agricultural applications, as well as in nature, making it crucial to investigate. In this study, the impact of drop trains on solid surfaces is experimentally investigated using a high-speed camera. A catastrophe phenomenon that had previously been overlooked is discovered: with the successive impact of drop trains, the impact result undergoes a discontinuous catastrophe, from a thin film impact generating the crown splash to a thick film impact generating the Worthington jet. The thickness of the thin film is less than 0.23 times the impact drop's diameter, while the thickness of the thick film ranges from 0.52 to 1.05 times the impact drop's diameter. The reason for the catastrophe is revealed from a phenomenological perspective. The number of impact drops and the impact Weber number are important factors determining the occurrence of catastrophe, and the critical number of impact drops for the catastrophe is linearly and positively correlated with the impact Weber number. Based on the cusp catastrophe theory, a catastrophe threshold model for drop train impact is established. This model is able to predict the threshold for the occurrence of catastrophe and provide a method for identifying the thin film stage, the thick film stage, and the transient catastrophe stage between these two stages. The catastrophe threshold model achieves the identification accuracy of 83.48%, 91.72%, and 77.50% for the total measured data, the thin film stage, and the thick film stage, respectively, indicating its good performance.
Inherited human RelB deficiency impairs innate and adaptive immunity to infection
Authors: Le Voyer Tom , Maglorius Renkilaraj Majistor Raj Luxman , Moriya Kunihiko , Pérez Lorenzo Malena , Nguyen Tina , Gao Liwei , Rubin Tamar , Cederholm Axel , Ogishi Masato , Arango-Franco Carlos A. , Béziat Vivien , Lévy Romain , Migaud Mélanie , Rapaport Franck , Itan Yuval , Deenick Elissa K. , Cortese Irene , Lisco Andrea , Boztug Kaan , Abel Laurent , Boisson-Dupuis Stéphanie , Boisson Bertrand , Frosk Patrick , Ma Cindy S. , Landegren Nils , Celmeli Fatih , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Tangye Stuart G. , Puel Anne
Published: September 2024

We report two unrelated adults with homozygous (P1) or compound heterozygous (P2) private loss-of-function variants of V-Rel Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog B (
RELB).
The resulting deficiency of functional RelB impairs the induction of
NFKB2
mRNA and NF-κB2 (p100/p52) protein by lymphotoxin in the fibroblasts of the patients. These defects are rescued by transduction with wild-type
RELB
complementary DNA (cDNA). By contrast, the response of RelB-deficient fibroblasts to Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) or IL-1β via the canonical NF-κB pathway remains intact. P1 and P2 have low proportions of naïve CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells and of memory B cells. Moreover, their naïve B cells cannot differentiate into immunoglobulin G (IgG)- or immunoglobulin A (IgA)-secreting cells in response to CD40L/IL-21, and the development of IL-17A/F-producing T cells is strongly impaired in vitro. Finally, the patients produce neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons (IFNs), even after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, attesting to a persistent dysfunction of thymic epithelial cells in T cell selection and central tolerance to some autoantigens. Thus, inherited human RelB deficiency disrupts the alternative NF-κB pathway, underlying a T- and B cell immunodeficiency, which, together with neutralizing autoantibodies against type I IFNs, confers a predisposition to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections.
Topology-driven collective dynamics of nematic colloidal entanglement
Authors: Jiang Jinghua , Akomolafe Oluwafemi Isaac , Wang Xinyu , Asilehan Zhawure , Tang Wentao , Zhang Jing , Chen Zijun , Wang Ruijie , Ranabhat Kamal , Zhang Rui , Peng Chenhui
Published: September 2024

Entanglement in a soft condensed matter system is enabled in the form of entangled disclination lines by using colloidal particles in nematic liquid crystals. These topological excitations are manifested as colloidal entanglement at equilibrium. How to further utilize nonequilibrium disclination lines to manipulate colloidal entanglement remains a nontrivial and challenging task. In this work, we use experiments and simulations to demonstrate the reconfigurations of nematic colloidal entanglement in light-driven spatiotemporal evolutions of disclination lines. Colloidal entanglement can sense subtle changes in the topological structures of disclination lines and realize chirality conversion. This conversion is manifested as the “domino effect” of the collective rotation of colloids in the disclination lines. By programming the topological patterns and the geometry of the disclination lines, colloidal entanglement can be assembled and split. More remarkably, a double-helix entangled structure can be formed by controlling the changes in the morphology of the disclination lines. Thus, this work will provide opportunities to program colloidal composites for smart materials and micromachines.
Review of the Low-Lying Excited Baryons Σ*(1/2−)
Authors: Wang 王 En 恩 , Geng 耿 Li-Sheng 立升 , Wu 吴 Jia-Jun 佳俊 , Xie 谢 Ju-Jun 聚军 , Zou 邹 Bing-Song 冰松
Published: September 2024

Strong empirical and phenomenological indications exist for large sea-quark admixtures in the low-lying excited baryons. Investigating the low-lying excited baryon Σ
*(1/2−) is important for determining the nature of the low-lying excited baryons. We review the experimental and theoretical progress on the studies of the Σ
*(1/2−). Although several candidates have received intensive discussions, such as Σ(1620) and Σ(1480), their existence needs further confirmation. Following the prediction of the unquenched quark models for the Σ
*(1/2−), many theoretical works suggested the existence of these states in various processes. Future experimental measurements could shed light on the existence of the low-lying excited Σ
*(1/2−) state.
An ultrasonic pressure field measurement system for ultrasonic-assisted machining based on 6-axis industrial robot
Authors: Ao Sheng-Jun , Sun Yi-Jia , Yuan Song-Mei , Liu Xu-hui , Zhao Chun-yang , Gong Hu
Published: September 2024

Acoustic signals are commonly used to analyze the vibration characteristics of ultrasonic transducers in many fields such as ultrasonic-assisted machining. In traditional measurements, the microphone is fixed at one or several points to measure the acoustic signal. However, the vibration characteristics of the ultrasonic transducer cannot be efficiently analyzed according to acoustic signals from one or several points without knowing the distribution of the sound pressure field. To comprehensively and efficiently analyze the acoustic signals radiated from the ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic pressure field measurement system for ultrasonic transducers in ultrasonic-assisted machining based on a 6-axis industrial robot is presented. A free-field condenser microphone is fixed to an industrial robot and can be positioned by the industrial robot to measure points in any attitude. Compared to traditional measurement methods, measurements based on industrial robots can improve the measurement range and flexibility. In addition, a robot measurement path generation algorithm based on the ant colony algorithm is proposed. The algorithm can generate and optimize measurement paths based on the shape of the tool to reduce measurement time and improve measurement accuracy. In addition to ultrasonic-assisted machining, this system can also be used in many applications that require ultrasonic transducers, such as acoustic field measurements for ultrasonic cleaners. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed method with two examples.
Density of periodic measures for piecewise monotonic maps
Authors: Tazume Ryuji
Published: September 2024

We show that any ergodic measure for a piecewise monotonic map with positive metric entropy is approximated by periodic measures in the weak-* sense. This partially answers Hofbauer-Raith's conjecture.
A novel plaintext-related dynamic DNA image encryption algorithm based on a 4D conservative chaotic system
Authors: Yan Shaohui , Zhang Jiandong , Jiang Defeng , Cui Yu
Published: September 2024

Conservative chaotic systems can circumvent the flaws of dissipative systems, as they do not form chaotic attractors, thus enhancing their resilience to attacks. In this paper, a new non-Hamiltonian 4D conservative system is proposed, and the system’s conservativeness and chaotic properties are confirmed through the analysis of equilibrium points, chaotic flow projections, Poincaré sections, Lyapunov exponents, and Hamiltonian energy. Moreover, the system exhibits rich dynamical behaviors such as multistability, spectral entropy complexity, and offset-boosting. Building on this, a plaintext-related initial state generation algorithm using hash function is proposed, increasing sensitivity to plaintext. Also, a dynamic DNA algorithm is proposed by using plaintext information to control DNA operations. This ensures that the encryption operation is unique for each image. This algorithm enriches the encoding rules, thus enhancing the algorithm’s security. Experimental results show that the algorithm exhibits outstanding performance and strong resilience against various attacks.
Single photon scattering with the giant and small atom interplay in a one-dimensional coupled resonator waveguide
Authors: Tian 田 Xi 茜 , Zhang 张 Xiaojun 晓君 , Zhao 赵 Wei 微 , Hou 侯 Jingcheng 京城 , Wang 王 Zhihai 治海 , Tian 田 Tian 甜
Published: September 2024

We study single photon scattering in a one-dimensional coupled resonator waveguide, which is dressed by a small and a giant artificial atom simultaneously. Here, we have set the small atom to be a neighbor to one leg of the giant atom, and the giant atom couples to the waveguide via two distant sites. When the small and giant atoms are both resonant with the bare resonator in the waveguide, we observe the perfect reflection of the resonant incident photon. On the other hand, when the small atom is detuned from the giant atom, the single photon reflection is characterized by a wide window and Fano line shape. We hope our work will pave the way for the potential application of small and giant atom hybrid systems in the study of photonic control in the low-dimensional waveguide structure.
Recent progress on fabrication, spectroscopy properties, and device applications in Sn-doped CdS micro-nano structures
Authors: Cao Bo , Tian Ye , Wen Huan Fei , Guo Hao , Wu Xiaoyu , Li Liangjie , Zhang Zhenrong , Liu Lai , Zhu Qiang , Tang Jun , Liu Jun
Published: September 2024

One-dimensional semiconductor materials possess excellent photoelectric properties and potential for the construction of integrated nanodevices. Among them, Sn-doped CdS has different micro-nano structures, including nanoribbons, nanowires, comb-like structures, and superlattices, with rich optical microcavity modes, excellent optical properties, and a wide range of application fields. This article reviews the research progress of various micrometer structures of Sn-doped CdS, systematically elaborates the effects of different growth conditions on the preparation of Sn-doped CdS micro-nano structures, as well as the spectral characteristics of these structures and their potential applications in certain fields. With the continuous progress of nanotechnology, it is expected that Sn-doped CdS micro-nano structures will achieve more breakthroughs in the field of optoelectronics and form cross-integration with other fields, jointly promoting scientific, technological, and social development.
Motor imagery with cues in virtual reality, audio and screen
Authors: Santosh Baberwal Sonal , Alejandra Magre Luz , Sanjaya D Gunawardhana K R , Parkinson Michael , Ward Tomás , Coyle Shirley
Published: September 2024

Objective. Training plays a significant role in motor imagery (MI), particularly in applications such as Motor Imagery-based Brain–Computer Interface (MIBCI) systems and rehabilitation systems. Previous studies have investigated the intricate relationship between cues and MI signals. However, the medium of presentation still remains an emerging area to be explored, as possible factors to enhance Motor Imagery signals. Approach. We hypothesize that the medium used for cue presentation can significantly influence both performance and training outcomes in MI tasks. To test this hypothesis, we designed and executed an experiment implementing no-feedback MI. Our investigation focused on three distinct cue presentation mediums—audio, screen, and virtual reality(VR) headsets—all of which have potential implications for BCI use in the Activities of Daily Lives. Main results. The results of our study uncovered notable variations in MI signals depending on the medium of cue presentation, where the analysis is based on 3 EEG channels. To substantiate our findings, we employed a comprehensive approach, utilizing various evaluation metrics including Event-Related Synchronization(ERS)/Desynchronization(ERD), Feature Extraction (using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE)), Machine Learning methodologies (using Ensemble Learning), and participant Questionnaires. All the approaches signify that Motor Imagery signals are enhanced when presented in VR, followed by audio, and lastly screen. Applying a Machine Learning approach across all subjects, the mean cross-validation accuracy (Mean ± Std. Error) was 69.24 ± 3.12, 68.69 ± 3.3 and 66.1 ± 2.59 when for the VR, audio-based, and screen-based instructions respectively. Significance. This multi-faceted exploration provides evidence to inform MI-based BCI design and advocates the incorporation of different mediums into the design of MIBCI systems, experimental setups, and user studies. The influence of the medium used for cue presentation may be applied to develop more effective and inclusive MI applications in the realm of human–computer interaction and rehabilitation.
Binocularly incongruent, multifrequency-coded SSVEP in VR: feasibility and characteristics
Authors: Yang Liuyin , Sun Qiang , Van Hulle Marc M
Published: September 2024

Objective. Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) in response to flickering stimuli are popular in brain–computer interfacing but their implementation in virtual reality (VR) offers new opportunities also for clinical applications. While traditional SSVEP target selection relies on single-frequency stimulation of both eyes simultaneously, further called congruent stimulation, recent studies attempted to improve the information transfer rate by using dual-frequency-coded SSVEP where each eye is presented with a stimulus flickering at a different frequency, further called incongruent stimulation. However, few studies have investigated incongruent multifrequency-coded SSVEP (MultiIncong-SSVEP). Approach. This paper reports on a systematical investigation of incongruent dual-, triple-, and quadruple-frequency-coded SSVEP for use in VR, several of which are entirely novel, and compares their performance with that of congruent dual-frequency-coded SSVEP. Main results. We were able to confirm the presence of a summation effect when comparing monocular- and binocular single-frequency congruent stimulation, and a suppression effect when comparing monocular- and binocular dual-frequency incongruent stimulation, as both tap into the binocular vision capabilities which, when hampered, could signal amblyopia. Significance. In sum, our findings not only evidence the potential of VR-based binocularly incongruent SSVEP but also underscore the importance of paradigm choice and decoder design to optimize system performance and user comfort.
An experimental analysis of enhancement of pool boiling heat transfer on copper substrate with addition of surfactant
Authors: Sinha Mahapatra Abhishek , Prakash Kar Satya , Swain Abhilas , Sarangi R K , Sekhar P C
Published: September 2024

In this article, the effect of adding Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS), a surfactant to base fluid acetone on heat transfer enhancement during the pool boiling process on a Copper substrate is studied. The aqueous solution is prepared with different concentration of surfactant of SLS varying from 200 ppm to 1000 ppm. By adjusting the super heat degree, the heat flux to the copper working substrate can be changed. The heat transfer coefficient is determined taking different heat flux values and surfactant concentrations. It has been shown that adding surfactant, as opposed to pure liquid, improves the Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient (PBHTC) when the surfactant concentration is within critical micelle concentration (CMC). The maximum enhancement in heat transfer coefficient is noted as 650 % in 400 PPM aqueous solution of SLS - Acetone at heat flux of 13.636 kW/m2.The lowest surface super heat is found to be 0.9 °C at 19.09 kW/m2 in 400 ppm SLS concentration compared to 3.7 °C in pure acetone. Therefore, the reduction in excess temperature is found to be 75.675 %. When heat flux is 65.45 kW/m2 in 400 ppm solution, the heat transfer coefficient is determined to be 26.18 kW/m2 °C, which is 148% larger than the value of 10.557 kW/m2 °C in pure acetone.
Analysis of Heat Transfer of the Nanofluid Al2O3/H2O Flow Across a Stretching Sheet under the Effects of Thermal Radiation
Authors: Krishnendu S , Nagaraja K V , Shali S
Published: September 2024

Efficient heat transfer is very crucial for the various industries in electrical, nuclear power, aerospace and automobile fields. By exhibiting improved thermal conductivity, nanofluids have emerged as an alternative for enhanced thermal and energy efficiency applications. The present study examines the movement of nano fluid across a surface that extend when heat radiation and magnetic fields are present. Using appropriate similarity variables, governing partial differential equations are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Engineering factors which are discussed include Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient. Numerical analysis is optimized using the response surface methodology. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with face-centred Central Composite Design is utilized to calculate heat flux transfer at the stretched sheet. The interaction of heat radiation, magnetic field parameter, and solid volume fraction are investigated in the present work. It is worth noting that the local Nusselt number responds positively to the magnetic field parameter and the solid volume fraction, whereas the skin friction coefficient responds negatively.
Experimental Investigation on Hybrid Solar Dryer for drying mangoes
Authors: Debadatta Behera Debashree , Sankar Das Shiv , Mohanty R.C. , Mohanty A.M. , Bijeta Nayak Bijaya
Published: September 2024

Solar energy is considered free and clean energy. Solar drying technology is adopted as a sustainable way of food preservation. In this research, the drying of mango and preparation of bread toast has been investigated through experiments. A baffled-type solar dryer with a feature for hot air exhaust recirculation has been used for the experimental analysis. The collector efficiency, drying efficiency, and drying rate have been calculated by creating turbulence and exhaust hot air recirculation with and without exhaust hot air circulation. Performance indicators such as drying rate, coefficient of performance, heat utilization factor, and drying efficiency have been evaluated. A satisfactory drying effect is produced by employing an electric coil at night to raise the temperature within the drying chamber to a maximum of 66.7°C. It is observed that the drying rate in the case of forced convection type hybrid solar dryer is higher when compared to natural convection type and open sun drying. Thus, solar drying is a hygienic process without negative environmental externalities and is most suitable in food processing industries.
Study of thermoelectric subcooling on small-scale CO2 transcritical systems for performance improvement with and without ejector and heat recovery
Authors: Singha Prosenjit , Sankar Dasgupta Mani , Bhattacharyya Souvik , Hafner Armin
Published: September 2024

In this study, performance of TEC and TEC-TEG modules for providing subcooling in multi evaporator CO2 booster systems with and without ejector operating at high ambient is explored. Effect on heat recovery potential is also determined. The degree of subcooling explored is from 1K to 5K with TEC. Subcooling decreases heat rejection pressure, which improves cooling COP. For the conventional system, the cooling COP of baseline is 1.57 at 45 °C ambient, which improves to a maximum of 1.68 a 7% increment when 5K subcooling with externally powered TEC is implemented. Further, power required for 1K subcooling can be generated using TEG, leading to an increment in COP to 1.623, a 3.2% improvement. For the ejector system the baseline has a cooling COP of 1.9, which improves to 2 with 5K subcooling when TEC is used. In this case also TEG is able to supply the power of 1K subcooling to TEC that results in performance improvement around 3.2%.
Laser-Assisted Selective Surface Metallization of Polymer Substrates for Electronics Applications: A Review
Authors: Gautam Khagendra , Gogoi Debashish , Donarld Kongnyui Tanyu , Kumar Manjesh , Kumar Chandan
Published: September 2024

This study explores recent advancements in metallizing polymer substrates for electronic applications, particularly through electroless plating with laser-assisted surface pretreatment. The demand for lightweight, flexible, and cost-effective electronic devices has spurred significant research in polymer-based electronics. Electroless plating, which involves integrating metallic layers onto polymer substrates, has emerged as a promising solution, overcoming challenges related to adhesion and compatibility. Laser treatment selectively modifies polymer surfaces, improving their receptivity to metal deposition and enhancing adhesion. Synthesizing recent studies, it examines the impact of laser-assisted surface pretreatment on morphology, chemical composition, and adhesion properties of polymer substrates. Additionally, it addresses challenges in the field, such as uniformity, reproducibility, and scalability. The integration of laser technology with electroless plating presents a synergistic approach, paving the way for multifunctional electronic devices with improved performance and durability. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the latest developments in polymer substrate metallization, emphasizing the role of laser-assisted surface pretreatment in enhancing the efficiency and applicability of electroless plating processes.
Improvement in the Life of Refractory Material Applicable with Technical Aspects
Authors: Marotrao Sawai Nandkishor , Yadav Chandrmani , Mankar Avinash R. , Bagade Asmita A. , Nandkishor Chopkar Yashraj
Published: September 2024

The furnace is an essential part of any industrial process. It is worked between low to high temperature ranges. Refractory is required for that purpose due to high heat energy sustainability. The purpose of this experimental investigation was to determine the effects of different temperatures on an installed furnace by manipulating the arrangement of metallic anchors. The results obtained by experimentally have been also validated by using the ANSYS R 17.1 programme. This testing allows for the generation of data and analysis for various monolithic structures throughout the course of several heating and cooling cycles. It calculated the refractory’s liner thermal expansion coefficient and that of implanted in the material. Additionally, strain and real thermal stress in refractory were determined at increased temperatures. Results revealed that the strain in metallic anchors has been increased by 70.7% than the strain in refractory in temperature range 44-275°C. Also, the temperature stress on the refractory-embedded anchor and the real expansion needs may be better measured with this experiment.
Marine Supply Chain Management: Ranking of Waste Materials Generated during Ship Building and Ship Repair
Authors: Sahoo Sitikantha , Singhal Deepak , Tripathy Sushanta
Published: September 2024

The paper focuses on waste materials generated during shipbuilding and ship repair and assesses their hazard levels. It discusses various methods of classifying and segregating waste from shipyards, and thereafter managing them, through recycling, energy recovery, reuse, landfill and other disposal methods. It also mentions the examination of heavy metals in marine samples and the importance of determining their bioavailability and potential negative effects on marine life. The need for identification of effective waste management techniques through the ranking of waste according to toxicity, persistence, and potential harm to marine life is emphasized, and studies waste is ranked based on indices.
Optimization of austenitic stainless steel weld joint by using the analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Gope A , Mukherjee A , Chatterjee B , Hasan M , Das S
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is getting used more and more in many manufacturing and fabrication industries due to its good quality welding possibility maintaining productivity. Automatic servo controlled wire feed system makes the weld material deposition rate uniform requiring less skill of the operator. Even higher end mechanization, automation or robotization is possible with the use of GMAW system. Among several types of welding processes, people always try to find appropriate, simple, effective and reliable process in which many variables can be possible to adjust, and from those, Gas Metal arc Welding is much favoured. For its suitability, it is important to control its parameter for various types of materials. So, for optimizing this process, the simple method named the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be employed. In this work, an attempt is made to optimize welding parameters in GMAW by making butt joints on 4 mm thick austenitic stainless steel (304L) using CO2 as active gas. Furthermore, Visual inspection and Dye Penetration test for examining defects have been done. Weld bead geometry of the welded joints is examined with the help of optical microscope to find the best welding parameters through the Analytical Hierarchy Process.
Identification of causes of resource waste during concrete processes - Case study
Authors: Špak Matej , Spišáková Marcela , Kozlovská Mária
Published: September 2024

The reduction of wasted resources presents an important part of the lean construction principle. This article is focused on the identification of the causes of resource waste during the realization of concrete structures. Resources are divided into groups containing materials, human sources as well as building devices. The starting point for solutions is the analysis of risks in the concreting process for particular resource groups. Input data is obtained from realized concrete structures, in the form of a structured interview and many visits to the construction site. The problem is solved on case studies of selected building. The aim of the research is to point out the waste of resources by identifying possible project risks during concreting processes as well as to identify the possible causes and consequences in the realization of concrete constructions. The paper pointed out the risks associated with production of fresh concrete, formwork and transport of concrete. At the same time, paper has identified the application of permanent formwork elements as one of the possible approaches to material wastage within lean production. The waste of resources, whether material, human or devices, can be significantly reduced by thoroughly identifying the causes.
Monitoring Design Buzz: A Visual BIM-Based Approach
Authors: Abou-Ibrahim Hisham , Lappalainen Eelon , Oraskari Jyrki , Aliheidarloo Atoosa
Published: September 2024

The requirements of modern buildings have increased the complexity of design, where several systems need to be developed and coordinated simultaneously. Although BIM has improved the construction process, it has also led to increased information size generated by each discipline, which complicates the monitoring and control of the process. Several tools allow the one-to-one comparison of BIM model versions to reveal progress aspects related to location, geometry, and property changes. Although these tools are beneficial, current platforms do not document progress over time or reveal the zones in the BIM model where design efforts are exercised. This study develops an artefact that (1) tracks changes in model versions over time, (2) categorises them based on location and recency, and (3) visualises the progress while showing the areas having the main design buzz. The visual artefact is expected to increase process transparency among different disciplines, promote concurrent engineering by carefully managing design works in selected zones, enhance the control of design progress against a pre-set schedule, and support takt production by linking current design work to the information needs of takt areas.
Charting the Exoskeleton Industry: A Comprehensive Insight into Dynamics and Trends
Authors: Al-Khiami M I , Lindhard S M , Wandahl S
Published: September 2024

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) emerge amongst the main causes of early retirement, absenteeism, and loss of productivity in construction and broader industrial sectors, particularly due to repetitive and challenging tasks performed by workers often in non-optimal postures. The situation presses the industrial sector towards a paradigm shift in its traditional practices promoting social sustainability. Exoskeletons, devices designed to support the human body during work, are considered a prominent technology in mitigating WMSDs. Recognizing their potential, necessitates a thorough examination of the current landscape of exoskeleton production. A descriptive methodological approach, encompassing a review of industry reports, academic literature, and market analysis was conducted. The findings have revealed 132 distinct exoskeleton models distributed across 22 countries amongst 72 companies and a growing interest in exoskeleton manufacturing. Notably, 33% of the exoskeleton models targets the healthcare sector while 66% targets the industrial sector. Though, the industrial sector is more diversified, including various sub-sectors, of which the percentage of models none exceeding 16%. Despite 14% of the models claiming support for the construction sector, all are broadly applicable and not specifically tailored to its unique demands. This is also true to other sub-sectors. Additionally, most of the exoskeleton models are designed to support the back, followed by the upper extremities. These findings emphasize the need for sector-specific exoskeleton solutions to enhance worker safety and productivity, thereby supporting the transition towards socially sustainable industrial practices. It also allows for manufacturers to gain a consensus of the market and identify the gaps needed within this technology.
Towards an artificial intelligence model for the automated prediction of building value
Authors: Rubinstein Simon , Witt Emlyn , Ullah Kaleem
Published: September 2024

Property markets are volatile, necessitating the constant recalculation of property values for a variety of reasons including for the efficient design and construction of buildings. This research is aimed at the automation of the property valuation process using Artificial Intelligence. In a three-part research effort, a Multiple Criteria Decision Method (MCDM) approach using Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) is first applied to predict the property value of new residential units on the basis of a comprehensive list of building characteristic variables identified as relevant for describing a particular property type (in the test case, terraced houses). For initial testing and validation of the valuation prediction calculations, the weights and values of criteria are determined through experts’ opinions and the estimated value of a test property is derived. This first part of the research is described in this report. The second phase of the research involves the automatic acquisition of the variables’ values for any building from the recently digitalised Estonian Building Register. The third part of the research focuses on replacing the need for experts’ opinions of the relative importance weightings of variables through the use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model which is to be trained on existing and continuously refined on new property transaction price data and property characteristics from building permit applications and existing building registers. Parts two and three of this research are still to be carried out and they are outlined in this research paper. It is anticipated that this research will lead to greater efficiency and sustainability through better alignment between building design, construction and market-based property values.