bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scleroderma and Related Disorders
Authors: Phillips Kristine
Published: January 2021

Scleroderma spectrum diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are distinguished by abnormalities of the connective tissue in the skin and, in some cases, other organs. Each disorder may be characterized by the extent of cutaneous and internal involvement, as well as histopathologic features of skin biopsy. Scleroderma spectrum diseases include systemic scleroderma, localized scleroderma, and eosinophilic fasciitis. This chapter reviews the classification, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, outcome measures, management, and clinical course of scleroderma as well as the definition and classification, etiology/genetics, differential diagnosis, and treatment of localized scleroderma. Also discussed are the definition and classification, epidemiology, etiology/genetics/pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of eosinophilic fasciitis. Tables review the classification of—and antinuclear antibodies in—scleroderma as well as the key assessments and interventions in scleroderma management. Figures illustrate the disease's presentation and clinical manifestations, including several images of scleroderma of the hands; face, palmar, and buccal telangiectasias in a patient with scleroderma; a radiograph demonstrating calcinosis of the elbow; Raynaud’s phenomenon; high-resolution computed tomographic images of diffuse cutaneous scleroderma, scleroderma and severe pulmonary hypertension, and limited cutaneous scleroderma; plus an esophagram demonstrating hypomotility.
This review contains 11 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 72 references.
Acute Leukemia
Authors: Larson Richard A. , Walter Roland B
Published: January 2021

The acute leukemias are malignant clonal disorders characterized by aberrant differentiation and proliferation of transformed hematopoietic progenitor cells. These cells accumulate within the bone marrow and lead to suppression of the production of normal blood cells, with resulting symptoms from varying degrees of anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia or from infiltration into tissues. They are currently classified by their presumed cell of origin, although the field is moving rapidly to genetic subclassification. This review covers epidemiology; etiology; classiﬁcation of leukemia by morphology, immunophenotyping, and cytogenetic/molecular abnormalities; cytogenetics of acute leukemia; general principles of therapy; acute myeloid leukemia; acute lymphoblastic leukemia; and future possibilities. The figure shows the incidence of acute leukemias in the United States. Tables list World Health Organization (WHO) classification of acute myeloid leukemia and related neoplasms, expression of cell surface and cytoplasmic markers for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia and mixed-phenotype acute leukemia, WHO classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, WHO classification of acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage, WHO classification of myelodysplastic syndromes, European LeukemiaNet cytogenetic and molecular genetic subsets in acute myeloid leukemia with prognostic importance, cytogenetic and molecular subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, terminology used in leukemia treatment, and treatment outcome for adults with acute leukemia.
This review contains 2 figures, 15 tables, and 119 references.
Keywords: Acute leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, cancer, cytogenetics, chromosomal abnormality
Cystic Tumors of the Pancreas
Authors: Zyromski Nicholas J.
Published: January 2021

Pancreatic cysts are common, affecting up to 10% of the general population. Widespread use of abdominal cross-sectional imaging has increasingly identified asymptomatic patients with "incidental" pancreatic cysts. Our understanding of common pancreatic cysts has improved; however, the ideal management of patients with pancreatic cysts (particularly those with malignant potential) has not been standardized. This review discusses the clinical approach to patients with pancreatic cysts, with particular attention to those with "premalignant" cysts such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs).
This review contains 17 figures, 13 tables, and 42 references.
Keywords: Pancreatic tumor, cyst, branch duct intraductal papillary neoplasm, main duct intraductal papillary neoplasm, incidental finding, mucinous neoplasm
Acid-Base Disorders
Authors: Skolnik Aaron , Monas Jessica
Published: January 2021

Under physiologic conditions, the acid-base balance of the body is maintained via changes in ventilation that eliminate carbon dioxide, buffering of acid loads, and renal excretion of hydrogen ions. Failure to maintain the pH of the blood between 7.35 and 7.45 can result in life-threatening conditions. This review details the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis and treatment, and disposition and outcomes of acid-base disorders. Figures show the relationship between hydrogen ions and blood pH, proximal tubular bicarbonate reabsorption, the secretion of hydrogen ions, renal ammonia production, ammonium diffusion, metabolic alkalosis, electrocardiographic changes in hypokalemia and hyperkalemia, pseudoinfarction caused by hyperkalemia, and an algorithmic approach to suspected acid-base disorders. Tables list causes of high–anion gap metabolic acidosis, metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap, type 1 renal tubular acidosis, type 4 renal tubular acidosis and aldosterone resistance, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis; treatment of hyperkalemia; and a stepwise approach for the evaluation of suspected acid-base disorders.
This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 9 tables, 64 references, and a list of pertinent Web sites.
Pediatric Infectious Diarrhea and Dehydration
Authors: Martel John W. , McCorvey Scott
Published: January 2021

Diarrhea is a common emergency department (ED) complaint, leading to more than 1.5 million outpatient visits and 200,000 hospital admissions in the United States alone. Although concomitant dehydration also exists in some cases, there are no standard clinical criteria to aid in identifying those children who merit intravenous resuscitation. Current pediatric volume repletion guidelines are based primarily on the estimated degree of volume depletion per the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and American Academy of Pediatrics criteria. These practice guidelines stratify patients into mild (3 to 5% volume depletion), moderate (5 to 10% volume depletion), and severe (> 10% volume depletion). The vast majority of pediatric patients presenting with nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea suffer from virus-mediated enterocolitis and require no testing or intravenous fluid resuscitation due to the self-limiting nature of these syndromes; rotavirus and Norwalk virus are two of the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in both developing and developed countries. Although bacterial pathogens rarely cause infectious colitis, children who present with more severe symptoms, including fever, bloody stool, and significant abdominal discomfort, warrant additional diagnostic evaluation. Obtaining a careful history, including exposures to livestock, well water, travel, and antibiotic use, as well as recent intake of undercooked meat, is key to identifying patients who may be at higher risk for bacteria-mediated illnesses. Tables identify common diarrheal pathogens, diarrheal subtypes, and clinical abnormalities associated with volume depletion and more severe syndromes, such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
This review contains 5 figures, 9 tables, and 79 references.
Key words: Clostridium difficile, dehydration, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, pediatrics
Urologic Infections
Authors: Vayngortin Tatyana , Atigapramoj Nisa S
Published: January 2021

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect people of all ages. Although the incidence of invasive bacterial diseases continues to decline, the prevalence of UTIs in febrile pediatric patients continues to remain a focus for serious bacterial infection in this population. In older age groups, symptoms become more obvious and present more classically. Clinical practice guidelines have been developed because morbidity can be dependent upon the rapid identification of a UTI with prompt initiation of appropriate antimicrobials. This review provides a summary for the evaluation of UTIs with discussion of diagnosis and management. 

This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables and 47 references
Key words: antibiotics, cystitis, pyelonephritis, urinary tract infection, uropathogens
Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Authors: Ryou Marvin , Kumar Nitkin
Published: January 2021

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a versatile tool that can be used to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract. The proximity of the echoendoscope to the pancreas, liver, and other thoracic and abdominal organs allows detailed examination or minimally invasive intervention that would not be feasible by surgical or percutaneous approaches. EUS is available with radial or linear scanning arrays and is capable of guiding fine-needle aspiration to acquire tissue for cytologic analysis. This review covers the role of EUS in chronic pancreatitis; pancreatic cysts; submucosal tumors; suspected choledocholithiasis; fecal incontinence; staging of malignancy in esophageal, pancreatic, gastric, and rectal cancer; celiac plexus block/neurolysis; fiducial placement; pseudocyst drainage and cystogastrostomy/cystoduodenostomy; endoscopic necrosectomy; and biliary drainage. Figures show peripancreatic cysts, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, common bile duct stone, esophageal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic head mass causing biliary obstruction and invading portal confluence, fine-needle aspiration of a pancreatic head mass, rectal adenocarcinoma, abdominal aorta with celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery, celiac plexus neurolysis, necrosectomy, and EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy for failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Tables list the Rosemont criteria for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cystic lesions.
 
Key words: bile duct stone, biliary drainage, echoendoscope, endoscopic ultrasonography, fine-needle aspiration, pancreatic cyst
 
This review contains 12 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, and 62 references.
Midshaft Hypospadias: Review of Surgical Technique
Authors: McNamara Erin R. , Sack Bryan , Retik Alan B.
Published: January 2021

Surgical technique for midshaft hypospadias has evolved since the time of Horton and Devine. The most common type of repair that is currently used is the tubularized incised plate urethroplasty, which is a modification of the Thiersch-Duplay hypospadias repair. The authors review the steps of this procedure in detail and discuss troubleshooting for issues that may arise during the repair. Alternatives for chordee correction and skin coverage are reviewed. The authors briefly discuss outcomes and possible complications. In addition, there is a step-by-step video of a midshaft hypospadias repair that highlights the surgical technique.
This review contains 9 figures, and 23 references.
Key Words: chordee, dartos flap, hypospadias, midshaft hypospadias, surgical technique, tubularized incised plate (TIP), urethrocutaneous fistula, ventral curvature
Medical Management of Wilms Tumor
Authors: Sze Sei-Gyung K. , Tracy Elisabeth T. , Routh Jonathan C. , Rice Henry E. , Wechsler Daniel S.
Published: January 2021

Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal tumor of childhood and accounts for 5-7% of all childhood cancers. Remarkable progress in the treatment of WT has been made in the last several decades through collaborative clinical trials in the United States and Europe. With a multimodal approach including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy, overall survival for WT is greater than 90%. However, there remains a subgroup of patients for which cure remains a challenge, and late effects of therapy are significant. New insights into clinical and biologic prognostic markers are being used to improve risk stratification and to tailor therapy to individual patients. Current treatment strategies aim to maintain excellent survival while reducing late effects for low-risk patients and optimize therapy to improve cure rates for high-risk patients.
This review contains 1 figures, 4 tables, and 45 references. 
Key Words: chemotherapy, COG, kidney neoplasms, nephroblastoma, NWTS, pediatric cancer, radiotherapy, treatment outcome, SIOP, Wilms tumor
Management of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Black Peter C
Published: January 2021

Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) makes up 75% of the fifth most common cancer in North America. With a high rate of recurrence and progression, which leads to significant treatment burden for patients and high costs to healthcare systems, NMIBC poses several critical clinical challenges. Enhanced cystoscopic techniques are improving detection and optimal resection of these tumors. The administration of intravesical therapies, including especially cytotoxic chemotherapy and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, continues to evolve, and several promising agents are under development. Refined definitions of treatment failure are promoting clinical trial activity in this domain. The optimal timing of radical cystectomy for BCG therapy–unresponsive patients continues to be a key unresolved question, but advances in the molecular characterization of NMIBC are likely to enhance individualized, risk-adapted therapy in the near future.
 
This review contains 3 Figures, 10 Tables and 91 references
Key words: bladder cancer; cystoscopy; narrow band imaging; fluorescence cystoscopy; transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT); intravesical chemotherapy; bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy; urine markers.
Sperm Retrieval in the Obstructive, Nonobstructive Azoospermic and Aspermic Patients
Authors: Flannigan Ryan , Schlegel Peter N. , Vaughan Jr. E. Darracott
Published: January 2021

Sperm retrieval includes essential procedures in the treatment and management of male factor infertility. Appropriate diagnostic investigation is necessary to correctly identify the etiology of azoospermia among obstructive, nonobstructive (defective spermatogenesis), and aspermia. In this chapter, we discuss the necessary work-up of an individual presenting with azoospermia along with the relevant medical and surgical management to optimize success with surgical sperm retrieval.
This review contains 7 figures, 2 tables, and 68 references. 
Key Words: anejaculation, azoospermia, MESA, microTESE, nonobstructive azoospermia, obstructive azoospermia, PESA, TESE, testicular biopsy
Not Only Diabetes but Also Prediabetes Leads to Functional Decline and Disability in Older Adults
Authors: Shang Ying , Fratiglioni Laura , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Dove Abigail , Welmer Anna-Karin , Xu Weili
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is
linked to functional decline, but the impact of prediabetes on physical
function is unknown. We aimed to examine and compare the impact of prediabetes
and diabetes on physical function and disability progression and to explore
whether cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mediate these associations.

RESEARCH
DESIGN AND METHODS: A cohort of 2,013 participants aged ≥60 from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care
in Kungsholmen, an ongoing population-based longitudinal study, was followed
for up to 12 years. Physical function was measured with chair stand (s) and walking
speed (m/s) tests, and disability was measured by summing the numbers of
impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Diabetes was
identified through medical examinations or clinical records, medication use, or
glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥5.7–6.4% in
diabetes-free participants. CVDs were ascertained through clinical examinations
and the National Patient Registry. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models
and mediation models.

RESULTS: At baseline,
650 (32.3%) had prediabetes and 151 had diabetes (7.5%). In
multi-adjusted mixed effect models, prediabetes
was associated with an increased chair stand time (0.33, 95% CI 0.05
to 0.61), a
decreased walking speed (-0.006, -0.010 to -0.002), and an
accelerated disability progression (0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08), even after
controlling for the future development of diabetes. Diabetes led to faster
functional decline than prediabetes. In mediation
analyses, CVDs mediated 7.1%, 7.8%, and 20.9% of the associations between prediabetes
and chair stand, walking speed, and disability progression, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Prediabetes, in addition to diabetes, is associated with faster
functional decline and disability, independent of the future development of
diabetes. This association may be in part mediated by CVDs.
“And the Image of the Emperor [...] I Have Torn Itinto a Thousand Pieces.” Mental Frontiers in the Năsăud Region at the End of the Great War
Authors: SABĂU Claudia Septimia
Published: January 2021

The First World War and the events concluding 1918, namely the unification of Transylvania with the old Kingdom of Romania, changed not only the geographical frontiers of the former Austrian-Hungarian province, but also the mental ones, which are less evident from the official documents of the era. The purpose of our exploratory study is to use edited archival documents, memoirs, and parochial chronicles in order to reconstruct the local context in which the transition from the ‘old’ to the ‘new order’ unfolded. The study focuses on a clearly delimited geographical area with a distinctive historical evolution: the region of Năsăud. Using the memoirs of veterinarian Pavel Tofan as a case study, we focused on identifying the symbolic gestures which mentally transformed the inhabitants of this region from loyal subjects of the Emperor in Vienna to Romanian citizens, loyal to the King of United Romania.
Export Oriented Agriculture in the Agri-History of India
Authors:   Division of Agronomy, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (110 012), India, Prasad Rajendra , Shivay Yashbir Singh
Published: January 2021

India’s agricultural research has the main emphasis on food grains production and rightly so because of short food supply and dependence on import of wheat from USA. Now the country has become self-sufficient in food and its research needs re-orientation because, most farmers remain below poverty line. Some attention was paid to traditional commercial crops such as cotton, sugarcane and potato for raising the level of farmers above poverty lines, but when they had surplus in production of these crops, they could not export these, because it was difficult to compete in the international market. Nevertheless, there are some herbal crops, where it can compete fairly well in the international export. For example, it has global monopoly in isabgol / psyllium and is topmost exporter in turmeric and only next to China in ginger. However, to maintain these positions in herbal crops in the international export market, India needs to invest a little more in agricultural, scientific and marketing research. Agricultural research is needed to develop high yielding varieties and their agronomy with higher content of main active chemicals and of course market research for new countries to export. Government of India needs to identify more such crops, the areas where they are grown and provide necessary research, processing facilities and procurement at pre-fixed price to facilitate their production and export. This will bring home the much needed foreign exchange and certainly raise the status of some farmers above the poverty line.
Incidencia del trabajo colaborativo de docentes universitarios en el contexto de la acreditación internacional
Authors: González García Guadalupe
Published: January 2021

En las organizaciones educativas el factor más importante es el humano, clave para el cambio y el mejoramiento. El presente documento busca respuestas a la siguiente pregunta: ¿cómo podría el trabajo colaborativo entre los docentes universitarios incidir de manera positiva en los procesos de acreditación de los programas educativos? Esta investigación bibliográfica de carácter expositivo primeramente aborda el trabajo colaborativo entre universitarios; continúa con la evolución de la acreditación en México y en el contexto internacional, y finalmente propone algunas acciones para vincular a ambos, trabajo colaborativo y acreditación, con la calidad educativa. Los procesos de acreditación de programas educativos demandan que los trabajos colaborativos entre docentes cumplan con la necesidad de compartir el conocimiento e incrementarlo. Los resultados llevan a las premisas recomendadas: 1) difundir los productos y logros entre los integrantes de la propia comunidad universitaria; 2) publicar los resultados a través de las redes de investigación de las universidades; 3) abordar la innovación articulando procesos creativos; 4) trascender en la coherencia de contenidos y 5) contribuir a la calidad de los programas. Por último, se considera que sería importante contar con esquemas de seguimiento para medir y evaluar el impacto de los trabajos colaborativos en la calidad de la educación, acorde a los parámetros de acreditación internacional.
The Retail Apocalypse as a Critical-Thinking Classroom Exercise
Authors: Wyld David C. , Budden Michael C. , Budden Heather L.
Published: January 2021

One does not have to teach retailing or supply chain management to be aware of the immense changes taking place in retailing. Indeed, the speed at which brick and mortar retailers were folding before the pandemic has only quickened given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across the economy. Staying abreast of the retailers and suppliers going out of business has become a challenge. At the same time, educating retailing and supply chain management students on the current and developing market realities in an interesting and educational manner has proven difficult. This article describes a game that can accomplish the goal of providing a meaningful, critical-thinking exercise for classroom use that will elicit student discussion and classroom satisfaction.
Influence of Project Implementation Strategies by Religious Organizations on Rural Development: A Case of Kitui Catholic Diocese, Kitui County, Kenya
Authors: Mbandi Antony Musyoki , Mwenda Mary Nyawira
Published: January 2021

It has been documented that religious institutions have influenced the development of education systems, health facilities, infrastructure such as roads, water provision structures and even building designs. This study sought to find out the influence of project implementation strategies by religious organisations on rural development in Kenya. The study focused on the Catholic Diocese of Kitui, in Kitui County and sought to document how project implementation strategies by Catholic Diocese of Kitui influence rural development in Kitui County of Kenya. The target population for this study was drawn out of a homogenous setting of Kitui County, Kitui East Subcounty, Nzambani and Chuluni wards and covered a total of 6939 households. The study covered a sample population of 364 out of the determined target population of 6939 households. The analysis of the data collected was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The study established that project implementation strategies by Catholic Diocese of Kitui influenced rural development in Kitui County as shown by a composite mean of 3.945. The Chi-Square test results of the association between project implementation strategies by religious organizations and rural development at Catholic Diocese of Kitui, Kitui County in Table 16, shows a Chi-Square value = 8.954, p = 0.003. The p-value is less than 0.05 and hence there is a statistically significant association between project implementation strategies and rural development at Catholic Diocese of Kitui. From the findings, the study found that if the independent variable, project implementation strategies, was held constant at zero, then the rural development in Kitui County will be 3.537. The study also found that a unit change in project implementation strategies changes would lead to a 0.843 unit change in rural development in Kitui County. The variable was significant since p-value=0.012<0.05. The study concluded that project implementation strategies had a great influence on rural development in Kitui County. The study recommends that there is need for capacity development to identify resource availability and build capacities in communities and have them assisted to undertake church based projects. The study recommends that there is need for capacity development to identify resource availability and build capacities in communities and have them assisted to undertake church based projects. To create more ownership of the projects, the study recommends that there should be involvement of user representatives from the initiation to the implementation phases of the projects.
The Role of Bank Value in Cash Holdings of Banks in Ghana
Authors: Asubonteng Samuel , Kong Yusheng
Published: January 2021

The current study explored the influence of bank value on cash holding among universal banks in Ghana. A panel data covering the period from 2009 to 2018 was used for the analysis. The Panel Least square regression model was utilized as the main technique for data analysis. The findings from this study revealed that, bank value has a significant positive influence on cash holdings of the universal banks in Ghana. Similarly, the study showed that, profitability, working capital and growth contribute positively to cash holdings of the banks. It is recommended that the universal banks should focus more on improving the bank value through value addition policies and measures. This will contribute to achieving a greater level of cash holdings. Keeping enough cash helps the banks to take advantage in any business opportunity that may arise at any time.
Undergraduate Perceptions of Economic Problems in Mexico
Authors: McKenzie Russell , Luna-Cruz Rajid Roberto , Moreno-Garcia Elena , Baraya Aristides R.
Published: January 2021

Without question, changes in U.S. policies have impacts beyond its own borders. This work reports an analysis of how university students perceive Mexico’s economic problems and their sources. The perceptions of younger Mexicans about economic problems are important, especially since young people represent 31% of Mexico’s population. A survey developed by the National Survey GEA-ISA was administered to 200 students in May 2019. The results of this survey show that students believe that their family economy today is vulnerable and will not improve next year, and that the economic outlook last year was better than today. Results also indicate that improvements in macroeconomic variables alone are not enough to generate a perceived improvement in the Mexican economy.
COVID-19 with Multiple Bacterial Co-infections: A Case Report
Authors: Saber Sadia , Ahmed Samia Rashna , Yasmin Naz , Alam Mohammed Tarek , Ibne Momen Abdul Basit , Hossain Mohammad Monower , Alam Rafa Faaria
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease which was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for this ongoing pandemic worldwide. COVID-19 itself has a high mortality rate but in addition with bacterial co-infection, the risk of death amplifies much higher. The diagnosis of COVID-19 along with other respiratory co-infections can be a difficult task due to the similarities in their presentations. Here, we present a case of 60-years-old gentleman who was COVID-19 positive, co-infected with three types of bacterial pathogens, which were Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas. The patient was isolated and treated according to the pathogens’ culture sensitivity reports and was discharged when his condition improved and advised for routine follow-up. The source of the co-infection could not be identified and may have been hospital acquired. Therefore, every hospital should give utmost priority to infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies.
Validity of Steiner’s Automobile Anxiety Inventory
Authors: Cernovsky Zack Z. , Fattahi Milad , Litman Larry C. , Tenenbaum Silvia , Leung Beta , Nosonova Vitalina , Zhao Crystal , Dreer Manfred
Published: January 2021

Background: Steiner’s Automobile Anxiety Inventory (AAI) is a 23 item questionnaire which provides a quantitative measure of vehicular anxiety (amaxophobia), common in survivors of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). The present study examines criterion and convergent validity of the AAI. Method: De-identified data from a sample of 50 patients (mean age=39.1, SD=12.1; 17 men, 33 women) injured in high impact MVAs included the scores on Steiner’s AAI, as well as the pain ratings on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), scores on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire, Subjective Neuropsychological Symptoms Scale (SNPSS), Whetstone Vehicle Anxiety Questionnaire, and on Driving Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ). The patients’ scores were compared to de-identified AAI data of 22 normal controls (mean age=45.9, SD=21.3; 10 men, 12 women). Results: Mean score of the patients on Steiner’s AAI (mean=15.0, SD=2.5) was significantly higher than the one of normal controls (mean=3.2, SD=3.8) in a t-test (t=15.6, df=70, p<.001). The underlying correlation is very high (r=.88): this indicates an excellent criterion validity. Satisfactory convergent validity is suggested by significant correlations (p<.001) of Steiner’s AAI scores to the Whetstone Vehicle Anxiety Questionnaire (r=.58) and Driving Anxiety Questionnaire (r=.52). The AAI correlated at p<.001 with post-accident neuropsychological impairments as measured by Rivermead (r=.89) and SNPSS (r=.72). Internal consistency of the AAI is satisfactory (Cronbach alpha=.95). Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate satisfactory criterion and convergent validity of the Automobile Anxiety Inventory.
Implementasi Teknologi Informasi untuk Meningkatan Mutu Layanan Perpustakaan
Authors: Muslina Muslina
Published: January 2021

Library services in this case the library services include circulation services, reference services, journal / magazine services, multimedia services, internet services and computer stations. These services must follow technological developments in providing information in accordance with the needs of users. IT in libraries is often a benchmark of progress and modernization of a library. The goal of information technology in improving service quality is easy, fast and accurate access through telecommunications networks (LAN, WAN , and internet). This article tries to explain what and how the implementation of information technology to improve the quality of library services. The conclusion is the implementation of information technology in improving the quality of library services is the application of technology used in conveying and processing information to improve quality or standards that must be achieved in the main activities in each library. services such as application to circulation services, reference services, periodical journal or magazine services, multimedia or audio-visual services, internet and computer station services, security services and procurement services.
Электромагнетизм и гравитация - порождение структуры частицы
Authors: Чеснаков Михаил
Published: January 2021

Аннотация

Концепция, согласно которой все частицы находятся в непрерывной связи между собой, в статье дополнена концепцией развития структуры связанного состояния от простого к сложному.

Показано, как в рамках модели последовательное усложнение структуры связанного состояния гипотетических мнимых частиц приводит к появлению материальных частиц с всевозможными формами взаимодействия и созданному частицами сложному пространству. При этом оказалось возможным объединить электрические, магнитные и силы гравитации. Масса не является формой потенциальной энергии, а является одним из двух компонентов импульса. По способу и месту образования существуют спиновая, оболочечная, релятивистская и зарядовая массы. Вектор электрической составляющей фотона на самом деле оказался вектором магнитной составляющей. Из модели также следует, что взаимодействие между частицами отвечает принципу квантовой нелокальности (информация о локализации частицы проходит со скоростью выше скорости света, следовательно, свойства частиц не определенны до взаимодействия), и, так называемая, «квантованная запутанность» есть следствие этого принципа.

Abstract.

The concept according to which all particles are in continuous communication with each other is supplemented in the article with the concept of the development of the structure of a bound state from simple to complex. It is shown how, within the framework of the model, the sequential complication of the structure of the bound state of hypothetical imaginary particles leads to the appearance of material particles with all possible forms of interaction and a complex space created by particles. In this case, it turned out to be possible to combine electric, magnetic and gravitational forces. Mass is not a form of potential energy, but one of two components of momentum. According to the method and place of formation, there are spin, shell, relativistic and charge masses. The vector of the electrical component of the photon actually turned out to be the vector of the magnetic component. It also follows from the model that the interaction between particles corresponds to the principle of quantum no locality (information about the localization of a particle passes at a speed higher than the speed of light, therefore, the properties of particles are not determined before the interaction), and the so-called "quantized entanglement" is a consequence of this principle.
Knowledge Creation in Reflective Teaching and Shared Values in Social Education: A Design for an International Classroom
Authors: Christensen Jonas , Thönnessen Joachim , Weber Bret
Published: January 2021

This article is based on an international comparative social policy module held annually at Malmö University (Sweden) with partner universities from several countries. Our study examines the results of intra- and interpersonal dynamics among participants and lecturers, which we call "productive tension", in relation to overarching questions about knowledge acquisition and the importance of reflexivity and reflectivity in the learning process. Students and faculty create a "community of practice" (CoP) (Lave & Wenger 1991) that benefits from a continuous interactive environment and direct engagement. Our study uses a mixed method approach. The analysis considers qualitative data from interviews with the participating students and quantitative data from questionnaires. In this article, we focus on the productive tension inherent in the reflective and reflexive processes. Reflective and reflexive processes are identified that influence the students' experience of cross-border cooperation and their professional identity. Our study also demonstrates how the knowledge about "Social Work" as a profession can be broadened through international comparative teaching and learning. The main conclusion of this work is that reflective and reflexive learning processes in social work education enable participants to see and understand themselves from a broader perspective and strengthen their own professional identity.
Belongingness and maladaptive schemas: A wellbeing group intervention program for high-school teachers
Authors: Lupaș Raul V. , Rusu Alina S.
Published: January 2021

Belongingness has been related with several positive aspects in the life of an individual, including academic and psychosocial success. The current paper aims to review the theoretical foundations of belongingness and to present the results of the implementation of a 2-months wellbeing-based program targeting the development of belongingness for high school teachers in a private school in Romania. The targeted variables were the social connectedness (as a measure of social belongingness), social assurance, and, as a moderator variable, the number of maladaptive cognitive schemas. The results indicate that the number of cognitive maladaptive schemas did moderate the intervention effect. Also, the efficiency of the wellbeing-training program in the direction of improving the social connectedness (belongingness) was supported by the data.
Efficient ways to develop reading comprehension skills
Authors: Chiș Olga , Grec Claudia
Published: January 2021

In the past few years, there is an increasing emphasis on a pedagogy for skills. One of the most complex skills, which is formed from the first years of schooling, is the reading-writing skill. Students begin first grade with high ex-pectations towards reading, with the desire to discover the mysteries of the letters. Reading requires - in addition to the ability to decode a written text and the comprehension of the reading - identifying the meaning of the word and the message to be transmitted. Failure in this sense has repercussions on the formation of the personality of the child. Teachers in the classroom are mainly concerned with the prevention of any difficulties that may arise in the formation of the ability to read and write, trying to come up with ways to intervene in the context of the education-al process. This paper aims to find ways of training and developing reading comprehension methods that can be applied in the teaching and learning activities. This is particularly important for understanding and responding to the needs of each student in the class.
The curricular model of personal development and the multimodal text in the context of new curricula for Romanian language and literature. Diachronic and synchronic perspective
Authors: Halaszi Monica , Bocoș Mușata
Published: January 2021

The new pedagogies have forced a rethinking of the educational system, including the curriculum. The curricular model of personal development, dominant in the school curricula applied in the gymnasium, shifts the focus to the student, favors active-participatory methods and favors reflection on oneself, on others and on the world. Although there is more talk now about this curricular model, it is recurrent in visions of education from Aristotle to Dewey, being explicitly found in Bain's vision of “exceptional learning”. The inclusion of the multimodal text in the Romanian language and literature curriculum for the gymnasium, built on the curricular model of personal development, is justified precisely because it stimulates self-knowledge, understanding of the world and creativity. Although the concept of multimodal text is present in the school curriculum, including at the level of competences, textbooks do not pay much attention to it.
Opinions of primary education teachers on the advantages and disadvantages of on-line teaching
Authors: Muste Delia
Published: January 2021

"In Romania, schools were closed, courses were suspended on March 11, 2020. The Ministry of Education and Research sent teachers the recommendation to conduct online courses at home. Over the following weeks, this recommendation was supplemented by others, the Ministry recommend that teachers take online courses, without making them compulsory. On March 20, 2020, the Ministry of Education approved the Methodology on the distance continuation of the educational process in quarantine conditions that establishes the way to continue the educational process in primary, secondary and high school institutions in quarantine conditions. The methodology establishes the obligation to conduct distance learning courses through various online platforms (eg Viber, Whatsapp, Facebook, Google Classroom, Zoom, etc.) and allows the assessment of students during this period and the registration of grades in the catalog.
The large number of platforms available online for conducting such courses, as well as the lack of a national or local decision on the use of a single platform, has generated quite a bit of confusion among teachers and especially among students. We wanted to find out the opinions of primary school teachers regarding the advantages and disadvantages they perceive regarding online teaching, through interviews with them."
Multiculturality and interculturality in the educational system
Authors: Stan Cornelia
Published: January 2021

The structured elaboration of a personal system of values, in line with the culture to which we belong, represents a lasting process, parallel to development, which involves completions and restructurings, adaptations and modifications of the cognitive, attitudinal, affective and axiological system. The conditions of the modern world, oriented towards globalization, no longer allow the isolation of cultures, and the mobility of people creates favorable conditions for the intersection and mutual influence of cultures. For this reason, the development of the capacity to decode cultural meanings and to rationally select multicultural elements that lead to the flexible and creative reorganization of values different from those of the culture of origin, is a desideratum of the education and training of individuals.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Fungi Endofit dari Rimpang Jahe Gajah (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) terhadap Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Sari Ni Ketut Yuliana , Kawuri Retno , Parwanayoni Ni Made Susun
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri fungi endofit dari rimpang jahe gajah (Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe) terhadap MRSA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplorasi yang dilanjutkan dengan eksperimental. Sampel penelitian diperoleh dari tiga lokasi. Sampel pertama dari Desa Pancasari, Singaraja, Bali. Sampel kedua dari Desa Peguyanganan, Denpasar, Bali. Sampel ketiga dari Desa Tebuana, Tampaksiring, Bali. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Udayana. Delapan isolat fungi endofit berhasil diisolasi dengan masing-masing zona hambat terhadap MRSA yaitu Fusarium sp. 1 (21 mm), Fusarium sp. 2 (19 mm), Fusarium sp. 3 (20 mm), Fusarium sp. 4 (21 mm), Aspergillus sp. 1 (32 mm), Aspergillus sp. 2 (25 mm), Fungi S3F1 (13 mm) dan Fusarium sp. 5 (25 mm). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa fungi endofit dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif penghasil senyawa antibakteri.

 

Kata Kunci : Antibakteri, fungi endofit, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum × africanum Lour.) dan Efektivitasnya Sebagai Lotion Antinyamuk terhadap Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762)
Authors: Yanti Ni Luh Made Yuli Indra , Arpiwi Ni Luh , Yulihastuti Dwi Ariani
Published: January 2021

Nyamuk Aedes aegypti L. merupakan vektor penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Salah satu upaya pengendalian vektor adalah dengan mengoleskan lotion antinyamuk pada kulit. Minyak atsiri daun kemangi diformulasikan menjadi lotion antinyamuk yang praktis dan mudah dibawa kemana mana. Pemakaian lotion antinyamuk dengan bahan aktif alami miyak atsiri daun kemangi merupakan salah satu solusi yang aman untuk mengusir nyamuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung rendemen, mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa aktif minyak atsiri daun kemangi, menguji daya proteksi lotion antinyamuk, menguji sifat fisik lotion dan menganalisis persepsi probandus terhadap lotion. Minyak atsiri dieksrak dengan destilasi uap. Senyawa aktif diidentifikasi dengan GC-MS. Uji daya proteksi lotion antinyamuk terhadap Ae. aegypti L. dilakukan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan tangan yang dimasukkan dalam kandang. Uji sifat fisik lotion meliputi uji organoleptik, pH, viskositas, homogenitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak atsiri daun kemangi sebanyak 0,26% ± 0,05 b/b. Hasil uji GCMS menunjukkan terdapat 25 komponen senyawa aktif minyak atsiri daun kemangi. Hasil uji daya proteksi terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti L. yang paling optimal yaitu lotion konsentrasi minyak atsiri kemangi 5%. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan tekstur kental, warna putih kekuningan, aroma minyak olive dan kemangi dan kesan lembut pada kulit. Hasil uji pH, viskositas dan homogenitas menunjukkan bahwa lotion antinyamuk yang mengandung minyak atsiri kemangi telah memenuhi ketentuan dalam Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Uji hedonik menunjukkan probandus menyukai lotion konsentrasi minyak atsiri kemangi 5%. Pengaruh lotion memberikan kelembutan, kenyamanan dan tidak adanya gejala sensitivitas setelah dioleskan pada kulit.

 

Kata Kunci: Aedes aegypti L., antinyamuk, DBD, minyak atsiri, daun kemangi, lotion
PROTECTING POLITICAL RIGHTS OR INTERFERING IN THE POLITICAL ARENA?
Authors: Lima Flavia Danielle Santiago
Published: January 2021

The interactions between legal and political system has been strengthened in recent years, especially through judicial review, with the transference to Courts of themes that define and divide a political system. In brazilian case, in the absence of legislative deliberation some of these discussions are forwarded Brazilian courts, who gave controversial decisions about “mega politics”. So, the research´s question “” is the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court (re) building electoral legislation, as a manifestation of judicial activism, interfering in mega politics?The study starts from a theoretical approach, with the deductive method, combined with a qualitative case analysis about courts´s decisions regarding party loyalty, coalition verticalizations, threshold clauses and the rights of legislative minorities, and political donations. Therefore, the research is supported by a bibliographical and documentary survey. Based on the methodological approach of Judicial Politcs, the legal protection of fundamental political rights and the structure of the Brazilian strong judicial system are described (Normative Theory), and evaluated the motivations of legal decisions, taking into account judicialization as exercise of a political activity (Positive Theory).