bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization technique combined with deep learning method for teeth recognition in dental panoramic radiographs
Authors: Mahdi Fahad Parvez , Motoki Kota , Kobashi Syoji
Published: November 2020

Computer-assisted analysis of dental radiograph in dentistry is getting increasing attention from the researchers in recent years. This is mainly because it can successfully reduce human-made error due to stress, fatigue or lack of experience. Furthermore, it reduces diagnosis time and thus, improves overall efficiency and accuracy of dental care system. An automatic teeth recognition model is proposed here using residual network-based faster R-CNN technique. The detection result obtained from faster R-CNN is further refined by using a candidate optimization technique that evaluates both positional relationship and confidence score of the candidates. It achieves 0.974 and 0.981 mAPs for ResNet-50 and ResNet-101, respectively with faster R-CNN technique. The optimization technique further improves the results i.e. F1 score improves from 0.978 to 0.982 for ResNet-101. These results verify the proposed method’s ability to recognize teeth with high degree of accuracy. To test the feasibility and robustness of the model, a tenfold cross validation (CV) is presented in this paper. The result of tenfold CV effectively verifies the robustness of the model as the average F1 score obtained is more than 0.970. Thus, the proposed model can be used as a useful and reliable tool to assist dental care professionals in dentistry.
Better understanding and prediction of antiviral peptides through primary and secondary structure feature importance
Authors: Chowdhury Abu Sayed , Reehl Sarah M. , Kehn-Hall Kylene , Bishop Barney , Webb-Robertson Bobbie-Jo M.
Published: November 2020

The emergence of viral epidemics throughout the world is of concern due to the scarcity of available effective antiviral therapeutics. The discovery of new antiviral therapies is imperative to address this challenge, and antiviral peptides (AVPs) represent a valuable resource for the development of novel therapies to combat viral infection. We present a new machine learning model to distinguish AVPs from non-AVPs using the most informative features derived from the physicochemical and structural properties of their amino acid sequences. To focus on those features that are most likely to contribute to antiviral performance, we filter potential features based on their importance for classification. These feature selection analyses suggest that secondary structure is the most important peptide sequence feature for predicting AVPs. Our Feature-Informed Reduced Machine Learning for Antiviral Peptide Prediction (FIRM-AVP) approach achieves a higher accuracy than either the model with all features or current state-of-the-art single classifiers. Understanding the features that are associated with AVP activity is a core need to identify and design new AVPs in novel systems. The FIRM-AVP code and standalone software package are available at https://github.com/pmartR/FIRM-AVP with an accompanying web application at https://msc-viz.emsl.pnnl.gov/AVPR.
RNA seq analyses of chicken reveals biological pathways involved in acclimation into different geographical locations
Authors: Kumar Himansu , Choo Hyojun , Iskender Asankadyr U. , Srikanth Krishnamoorthy , Kim Hana , Zhunushov Asankadyr T. , Jang Gul Won , Lim Youngjo , Song Ki-Duk , Park Jong-Eun
Published: November 2020

Transcriptome expression reflects genetic response in diverse conditions. In this study, RNA sequencing was utilized to profile multiple tissues such as liver, breast, caecum, and gizzard of Korean commercial chicken raised in Korea and Kyrgyzstan. We analyzed ten samples per tissue from each location to identify candidate genes which are involved in the adaptation of Korean commercial chicken to Kyrgyzstan. At false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and fold change (FC) > 2, we found 315, 196, 167 and 198 genes in liver, breast, cecum, and gizzard respectively as differentially expressed between the two locations. GO enrichment analysis showed that these genes were highly enriched for cellular and metabolic processes, catalytic activity, and biological regulations. Similarly, KEGG pathways analysis indicated metabolic, PPAR signaling, FoxO, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis, MAPK signaling, CAMs, citrate cycles pathways were differentially enriched. Enriched genes like TSKU, VTG1, SGK, CDK2 etc. in these pathways might be involved in acclimation of organisms into diverse climatic conditions. The qRT-PCR result also corroborated the RNA-Seq findings with R2 of 0.76, 0.80, 0.81, and 0.93 for liver, breast, caecum, and gizzard respectively. Our findings can improve the understanding of environmental acclimation process in chicken.
Oroxylin A alleviates immunoparalysis of CLP mice by degrading CHOP through interacting with FBXO15
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxin , Wang Yun , Shan Yating , Zhou Ri , Yin Wu
Published: November 2020

Clinical reports have found that with the improvement of treatment, most septic patients are able to survive the severe systemic inflammatory response and to enter the immunoparalysis stage. Considering that immunoparalysis leads to numerous deaths of clinical sepsis patients, alleviation of the occurrence and development of immunoparalysis has become a top priority in the treatment of sepsis. In our study, we investigate the effects of oroxylin A on sepsis in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mice. We find that the 60 h + 84 h (30 mg/kg) injection scheme of oroxylin A induce the production of pro-inflammatory factors, and further significantly improves the survival of CLP mice during the middle or late stages of sepsis. Mechanistically, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) is upregulated and plays anti-inflammatory roles to facilitate the development of immunoparalysis in CLP mice. Oroxylin A induces the transcription of E3 ligase F-box only protein 15 gene (fbxo15), and activated FBXO15 protein binds to CHOP and further mediates the degradation of CHOP through the proteasome pathway, which eventually relieves the immunoparalysis of CLP mice. Taken together, these findings suggest oroxylin A relieves the immunoparalysis of CLP mice by degrading CHOP through interacting with FBXO15.
Obesity is positively related and tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are negatively related to an increased risk of thyroid cancer
Authors: An Soo-Youn , Kim So Young , Oh Dong Jun , Min Chanyang , Sim Songyoung , Choi Hyo Geun
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity with thyroid cancer in Korean residents. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort includes individuals ≥ 40 years who were assessed from 2002 to 2013. In total, 4977 thyroid cancer participants were matched with respect to age, sex, income, and region of residence with 19,908 controls at a ratio of 1:4. Crude and adjusted (for the Charlson comorbidity index, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, and obesity) odds ratios (ORs) were analyzed using conditional logistic regression analyses. Additionally, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The adjusted OR of smoking for thyroid cancer was 0.62 (95% CI 0.54–0.72, P < 0.001), and that of alcohol consumption was 0.83 (95% CI 0.75–0.92, P < 0.001). The adjusted ORs of the BMI categories were 1.13 (95% CI 1.05–1.22, P = 0.002) for obese I, and 1.24 (95% CI 1.04–1.47, P = 0.014) for obese II. The ORs of smoking and alcohol consumption were lower, and those of overweight and obesity were higher in thyroid cancer patients than in individuals in the control group.
In vitro and in vivo BNCT investigations using a carborane containing sulfonamide targeting CAIX epitopes on malignant pleural mesothelioma and breast cancer cells
Authors: Alberti Diego , Michelotti Alessia , Lanfranco Alberto , Protti Nicoletta , Altieri Saverio , Deagostino Annamaria , Geninatti Crich Simonetta
Published: November 2020

This study aims at merging the therapeutic effects associated to the inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX), an essential enzyme overexpressed by cancer cells including mesothelioma and breast cancer, with those ones brought by the application of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). This task was pursued by designing a sulfonamido-functionalised-carborane (CA-SF) that acts simultaneously as CAIX inhibitor and boron delivery agent. The CAIX expression, measured by Western blot analysis, resulted high in both mesothelioma and breast tumours. This finding was exploited for the delivery of a therapeutic dose of boron (> 20 μg/g) to the cancer cells. The synergic cytotoxic effects operated by the enzymatic inhibition and neutron irradiation was evaluated in vitro on ZL34, AB22 and MCF7 cancer cells. Next, an in vivo model was prepared by subcutaneous injection of AB22 cells in Balb/c mice and CA-SF was administered as inclusion complex with a β-cyclodextrin oligomer. After irradiation with thermal neutrons tumour growth was evaluated for 25 days by MRI. The obtained results appear very promising as the tumour growth was definitively markedly lower in comparison to controls and the CAIX inhibitor alone. This approach appears promising and it call consideration for the design of new therapeutic routes to cure patients affected by this disease.
Besifloxacin liposomes with positively charged additives for an improved topical ocular delivery
Authors: dos Santos Giselly Almeida , Ferreira-Nunes Ricardo , Dalmolin Luciana Facco , dos Santos Ré Ana Carolina , Anjos Jorge Luiz Vieira , Mendanha Sebastião Antônio , Aires Carolina Patrícia , Lopez Renata F. V. , Cunha-Filho Marcilio , Gelfuso Guilherme M. , Gratieri Taís
Published: November 2020

Topical ophthalmic antibiotics show low efficacy due to the well-known physiological defense mechanisms of the eye, which prevents the penetration of exogenous substances. Here, we aimed to incorporate besifloxacin into liposomes containing amines as positively charged additives and to evaluate the influence of this charge on drug delivery in two situations: (i) iontophoretic and (ii) passive treatments. Hypothesis are (i) charge might enhance the electromigration component upon current application improving penetration efficiency for a burst drug delivery, and (ii) positive charge might prolong formulation residence time, hence drug penetration. Liposomes elaborated with phosphatidylcholine (LP PC) or phosphatidylcholine and spermine (LP PC: SPM) were stable under storage at 6 ºC for 30 days, showed mucoadhesive characteristics, and were non-irritant, according to HET-CAM tests. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements showed that neither the drug nor spermine incorporations produced evident alterations in the fluidity of the liposome's membranes, which retained their structural stability even under iontophoretic conditions. Mean diameter and zeta potential were 177.2 ± 2.7 nm and − 5.7 ± 0.3 mV, respectively, for LP PC; and 175.4 ± 1.9 nm and + 19.5 ± 1.0 mV, respectively, for LP PC:SPM. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericide concentration (MBC) of the liposomes forP. aeruginosashowed values lower than the commercial formulation (Besivance). Nevertheless, both formulations presented a similar increase in permeability upon the electric current application. Hence, liposome charge incorporation did not prove to be additionally advantageous for iontophoretic therapy. Passive drug penetration was evaluated through a novel in vitro ocular model that simulates the lacrimal flow and challenges the formulation resistance in the passive delivery situation. As expected, LP PC: SPM showed higher permeation than the control (Besivance). In conclusion, besifloxacin incorporation into positively charged liposomes improved passive topical delivery and can be a good strategy to improve topical ophthalmic treatments.
Ediacaran Doushantuo-type biota discovered in Laurentia
Authors: Willman Sebastian , Peel John S. , Ineson Jon R. , Schovsbo Niels H. , Rugen Elias J. , Frei Robert
Published: November 2020

The Ediacaran period (635–541 Ma) was a time of major environmental change, accompanied by a transition from a microbial world to the animal world we know today. Multicellular, macroscopic organisms preserved as casts and molds in Ediacaran siliciclastic rocks are preserved worldwide and provide snapshots of early organismal, including animal, evolution. Remarkable evolutionary advances are also witnessed by diverse cellular and subcellular phosphatized microfossils described from the Doushantuo Formation in China, the only source showing a diversified assemblage of microfossils. Here, we greatly extend the known distribution of this Doushantuo-type biota in reporting an Ediacaran Lagerstätte from Laurentia (Portfjeld Formation, North Greenland), with phosphatized animal-like eggs, embryos, acritarchs, and cyanobacteria, the age of which is constrained by the Shuram–Wonoka anomaly (c. 570–560 Ma). The discovery of these Ediacaran phosphatized microfossils from outside East Asia extends the distribution of the remarkable biota to a second palaeocontinent in the other hemisphere of the Ediacaran world, considerably expanding our understanding of the temporal and environmental distribution of organisms immediately prior to the Cambrian explosion.
Author Correction: Farnesoid X receptor activation inhibits TGFBR1/TAK1-mediated vascular inflammation and calcification via miR-135a-5p
Authors: Li Chao , Zhang Shijun , Chen Xiaoqing , Ji Jingkang , Yang Wenqing , Gui Ting , Gai Zhibo , Li Yunlun
Published: November 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Untargeted high-resolution paired mass distance data mining for retrieving general chemical relationships
Authors: Yu Miao , Petrick Lauren
Published: November 2020

Untargeted metabolomics analysis captures chemical reactions among small molecules. Common mass spectrometry-based metabolomics workflows first identify the small molecules significantly associated with the outcome of interest, then begin exploring their biochemical relationships to understand biological fate or impact. We suggest an alternative by which general chemical relationships including abiotic reactions can be directly retrieved through untargeted high-resolution paired mass distance (PMD) analysis without a priori knowledge of the identities of participating compounds. PMDs calculated from the mass spectrometry data are linked to chemical reactions obtained via data mining of small molecule and reaction databases, i.e. ‘PMD-based reactomics’. We demonstrate applications of PMD-based reactomics including PMD network analysis, source appointment of unknown compounds, and biomarker reaction discovery as complements to compound discovery analyses used in traditional untargeted workflows. An R implementation of reactomics analysis and the reaction/PMD databases is available as the pmd package.
Self-assembling peptide–etoposide nanofibers for overcoming multidrug resistance
Authors: Zhang Li-Song , Yan Li-Xin , Gao Shan , Long Hui , Xi Zhen , Li Lu-Yuan , Zhang Zhi-Song
Published: November 2020

Nap-GFFpYK-etoposide1/2 (NFE1/2) increase the water solubility of etoposide, speed up its cellular uptake and protect the etoposide from MDR-mediated efflux, thus significantly improving the anticancer efficacy.
Bottlebrush polymer-reinforced transparent multiphase plastics with enhanced thermal stability
Authors: Yamauchi Yoshihiro , Samitsu Sadaki , Goto Kenta , Takeuchi Masayuki
Published: November 2020

Bottlebrush polymers (BPs) are highly tunable with regard to their glass transition temperature, refractive index, and shape.
The role of sulfur interactions in crystal architecture: experimental and quantum theoretical studies on hydrogen, halogen, and chalcogen bonds in trithiocyanuric acid–pyridine N-oxide co-crystals
Authors: Wzgarda-Raj Kinga , Palusiak Marcin , Wojtulewski Sławomir , Rybarczyk-Pirek Agnieszka J.
Published: November 2020

Hydrogen, halogen, chalcogen bonds and π interactions of the trithiocyanuric acid ring are responsible for crystal structure architecture and have been classified according to the QTAIM approach as closed-shell interactions.
A kinetic/thermodynamic study of transparent co-adsorbents and colored dye molecules in visible light based on microgravimetric quartz-crystal microbalance on porous TiO2films for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Mao Zhimin , Liu Weiqing , Cai Hongfeng , Shi Jing , Wu Zongjian , Yang Yan , Duan Junhong
Published: November 2020

A kinetic/thermodynamic study of the transparent co-adsorbents and colored dye molecules in visible light based on the microgravimetric quartz-crystal microbalance on porous TiO2films for dye-sensitized solar cells.
Eco-friendly dyeing of raw cotton fibres in an ethanol–water mixture without scouring and bleaching pretreatments
Authors: Xia Liangjun , Wang Aming , Wang Yunli , Zhang Chunhua , Wang Yangyang , Zhou Sijie , Fu Zhuan , Zhao Hui , Ding Cailing , Xu Weilin
Published: November 2020

Industrial-scale dyeing of raw cotton fibers with low discharge of dyeing effluents was realized by establishing an ethanol recovery system.
High-throughput fabrication of hepatic cell clusteroids with enhanced growth and functionality for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Wang Anheng , Madden Leigh A. , Paunov Vesselin N.
Published: November 2020

We report a novel inexpensive and up-scalable fabrication technique for viable hepatocyte clusteroids and demonstrate that they grow faster than individual cells in tissue engineering applications.
Indole – a promising pharmacophore in recent antiviral drug discovery
Authors: Dorababu Atukuri
Published: November 2020

The antiviral properties of indole derivatives discovered recently are described considering their inhibitory values, cytotoxicity and SAR studies. The study helps researchers to carry out further investigation and to design efficient antiviral agents.
Neuron-glia: understanding cellular copper homeostasis, its cross-talk and their contribution towards neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ashima , Ghosh Sandeepan , Chatterji Ajanta , Chakraborty Kaustav
Published: November 2020

Over the years, the mechanism of copper homeostasis in various organ systems has gained importance. This is owing to the involvement of copper in a wide range of genetic disorders, most of them involving neurological symptoms. This highlights the importance of copper and its tight regulation in a complex organ system like the brain. It demands understanding the mechanism of copper acquisition and delivery to various cell types overcoming the limitation imposed by the blood brain barrier. The present review aims to investigate the existing work to understand the mechanism and complexity of cellular copper homeostasis in the two major cell types of the CNS – the neurons and the astrocytes. It investigates the mechanism of copper uptake, incorporation and export by these cell types. Furthermore, it brings forth the common as well as the exclusive aspects of neuronal and glial copper homeostasis including the studies from copper-based sensors. Glia act as a mediator of copper supply between the endothelium and the neurons. They possess all the qualifications of acting as a ‘copper-sponge’ for supply to the neurons. The neurons, on the other hand, require copper for various essential functions like incorporation as a cofactor for enzymes, synaptogenesis, axonal extension, inhibition of postsynaptic excitotoxicity, etc. Lastly, we also aim to understand the neuronal and glial pathology in various copper homeostasis disorders. The etiology of glial pathology and its contribution towards neuronal pathology and vice versa underlies the complexity of the neuropathology associated with the copper metabolism disorders.
Molybdenum oxynitride nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped CNT architectures for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Ji Sucheng , Chen Wushuang , Zhao Zhixin , Yu Xu , Park Ho Seok
Published: November 2020

The partial nitridation of transistion metal-based electrocatalysts are considered the potential alternative to nobel metal-based ones owing to their comparable electrocatalytic activity, durability, and low cost for oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Using experimental and computational approaches to probe an unusual carbon–carbon bond cleavage observed in the synthesis of benzimidazole N-oxides
Authors: Politano Fabrizio , Sandoval Arturo León , Uranga Jorge G. , Buján Elba I. , Leadbeater Nicholas E.
Published: November 2020

An unusual carbon–carbon bond-cleavage is explored using a combination of experimental and computational studies.
Synthesis and properties of GuNA purine/pyrimidine nucleosides and oligonucleotides
Authors: Kumagai Shinji , Sawamoto Hiroaki , Takegawa-Araki Tomo , Arai Yuuki , Yamakoshi Shuhei , Yamada Katsuya , Ohta Tetsuya , Kawanishi Eiji , Horie Naohiro , Yamaguchi Takao , Obika Satoshi
Published: November 2020

Facile synthesis of GuNA (guanidine-bridged nucleic acid) phosphoramidites bearing thymine, adenine, guanine, and 5-methylcytosine nucleobases and a robust method for the preparation of GuNA-modified oligonucleotides are described.
Thiol–ene enabled preparation of S-lipidated anti-HBV peptides
Authors: Shepperson Oscar A. , Cameron Alan J. , Wang Carol J. , Harris Paul W. R. , Taylor John A. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: November 2020

Highly potent anti-HBV lipopeptides were prepared by S-lipidation using the “Cysteine Lipidation on a Peptide or Amino Acid” (CLipPA) thiol–ene reaction. Interestingly, target binding efficacy correlated poorly with inhibitory potency.
Tin(ii) chloride dihydrate/choline chloride deep eutectic solvent: redox properties in the fast synthesis of N-arylacetamides and indolo(pyrrolo)[1,2-a]quinoxalines
Authors: Trujillo Sergio Alfonso , Peña-Solórzano Diana , Bejarano Oscar Rodríguez , Ochoa-Puentes Cristian
Published: November 2020

Physicochemical and redox properties of SnCl2·2H2O/ChCl deep eutectic solvent were studied and applied in the synthesis of anilines, N-arylacetamides and indolo(pyrrolo)[1,2-a]quinoxalines starting from nitroaromatic compounds.
Development and in vitro evaluation of κ-carrageenan based polymeric hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Aslam Khan Muhammad Umar , Raza Mohsin Ali , Mehboob Hassan , Abdul Kadir Mohammed Rafiq , Abd Razak Saiful Izwan , Shah Saqlain A. , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Amin Rashid
Published: November 2020

The excellent biocompatible and osteogenesis characteristics of porous scaffolds play a vital role in bone regeneration.
Large-pore-size membranes tuned by chemically vapor deposited nanocoatings for rapid and controlled desalination
Authors: Zhu Mengfan , Mao Yu
Published: November 2020

Chemical vapor modification simultaneously improved the membrane wetting resistance and permeate flux for membrane distillation. The modification enabled desalination using membranes with pore size > 1 μm and demonstrated significant flux enhancement.
Two-photon absorption and two-photon-induced isomerization of azobenzene compounds
Authors: Dudek Marta , Tarnowicz-Staniak Nina , Deiana Marco , Pokładek Ziemowit , Samoć Marek , Matczyszyn Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

The process of two-photon-induced isomerization occurring in various organic molecules, among which azobenzene derivatives hold a prominent position, offers a wide range of functionalities, which can be used in both material and life sciences.
Physical organic studies and dynamic covalent chemistry of picolyl heterocyclic amino aminals
Authors: Ciou Ji-Ming , Zhu Hong-Feng , Chang Chia-Wen , Chen Jing-Yun , Lin Ya-Fan
Published: November 2020

The physical organic and dynamic properties of a series of aminals with C–N dynamic covalent bonds have been examined.
Preparation of Al/Fe-PILC clay catalysts from concentrated precursors: enhanced hydrolysis of pillaring metals and intercalation
Authors: Vallejo Carlos Andrés , Galeano Luis Alejandro , Trujillano Raquel , Vicente Miguel Ángel , Gil Antonio
Published: November 2020

Significantly intensified preparation of Al/Fe-hydrolysed-pillaring solutions and solvent-free intercalation of bentonites yielding Al/Fe-PILCs highly active in catalytic wet peroxide oxidation.
Realizing the synergy of Sn cluster incorporation and nitrogen doping for a carbonaceous hierarchical nanosheet-assembly enables superior universal alkali metal ion storage performance with multiple active sites
Authors: Wang Gongrui , Li Yapeng , Jiao Shuhong , Li Jie , Peng Bo , Shi Liang , Zhang Genqiang
Published: November 2020

Carbonaceous hierarchical nanosheet-assembly with Sn cluster incorporation and nitrogen doping (c-SnNC-HNA) have been prepared, acting as universal alkali metal ion storage host with remarkable specific capacity and outstanding cycling performance.
A biodegradable block polyurethane nerve-guidance scaffold enhancing rapid vascularization and promoting reconstruction of transected sciatic nerve in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Niu Yuqing , Galluzzi Massimiliano
Published: November 2020

Schematic of nerve guidance scaffold for reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects in Sprague-Dawley rats.
A self-adhesive wearable strain sensor based on a highly stretchable, tough, self-healing and ultra-sensitive ionic hydrogel
Authors: Yin Jianyu , Pan Shenxin , Wu Lili , Tan Liyina , Chen Di , Huang Shan , Zhang Yuhong , He Peixin
Published: November 2020

A self-adhesive wearable strain sensor based on a highly stretchable, tough, self-healing and ultra-sensitive ionic hydrogel.
Mitochondrial DNA in innate immune responses against infectious diseases
Authors: Das Palamou , Chakrabarti Oishee
Published: November 2020

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can initiate an innate immune response when mislocalized in a compartment other than the mitochondrial matrix. mtDNA plays significant roles in regulating mitochondrial dynamics as well as mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR). The mislocalized extra-mtDNA can elicit innate immune response via cGAS–STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes) pathway, inducing the expression of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Also, cytosolic damaged mtDNA is cleared up by various pathways which are responsible for participating in the activation of inflammatory responses. Four pathways of extra-mitochondrial mtDNA clearance are highlighted in this review — the inflammasome activation mechanism, neutrophil extracellular traps formation, recognition by Toll-like receptor 9 and transfer of mtDNA between cells packaged into extracellular vesicles. Anomalies in these pathways are associated with various diseases. We posit our review in the present pandemic situation and discuss how mtDNA elicits innate immune responses against different viruses and bacteria. This review gives a comprehensive picture of the role of extra-mitochondrial mtDNA in infectious diseases and speculates that research towards its understanding would help establish its therapeutic potential.
Exercise alters LPS-induced glial activation in the mouse brain
Authors: Mota Bibiana C. , Kelly Áine M.
Published: November 2020

Experimental and epidemiological evidence suggest that modifiable lifestyle factors, including physical exercise, can build structural and cognitive reserve in the brain, increasing resilience to injury and insult. Accordingly, exercise can reduce the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain associated with ageing or experimentally induced neuroinflammation. However, the cellular mechanisms by which exercise exerts this effect are unknown, including the effects of exercise on classic or alternative activation of astrocytes and microglia. In the present study, we assess the effects of nine consecutive days of treadmill running on the glial cell response to a single systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and, in parallel, the effects on spatial learning and memory. We show that prior exercise protects against LPS-induced impairment of performance in the object displacement task concomitant with attenuation of IL-1β, TNFα and IL-10 mRNA expression in the hippocampus. Assessment of isolated astrocytes and microglia revealed that LPS induced a proinflammatory response in these cells that was not observed in cells prepared from the brains of mice who had undergone prior exercise. The results suggest that exercise modulates neuroinflammation by reducing the proinflammatory microglial response, suggesting a mechanism by which exercise may be neuroprotective.
Vibroacoustic influence use in training young boxers
Authors: Khasanov Albert , Shayakhmetova Elvira , Jamileva Rita , Matveeva Ludmila , Matveev Stanislav
Published: November 2020

The article presents mobility and balance of nervous processes analysis in young boxers during vibroacoustic influence use. The research was held on the basis of Republican boarding school N5 of sports profile in Ufa. 82 boxers took part in the research (14-15 years old). The respondents were divided into two groups: control group (n=48) and the experimental group (n=34). General mobility, balance and power of nervous processes estimation was held at psychophysiological testing gadget “Sports psychophysiologist”. As the means of rehabilitation we used tinting with the help of medical apparatus “Vitophone”. Young boxers’ calf muscles tinting was held in the following regimen: twice (10-15 minutes each) at the end of the first daily training lesson of special-preparatory period. During microvibrations use at the end of the first training lesson we reveal nervous system excitability in young boxers, the power of nervous processes also increases in terms of external disturbances, the accuracy of reactions increases, there is balance of irritation and inhibition. As a result of the research we revealed the possibilities of vibroacoustic influence use in the process of young boxers training.
Influence of arm speed strength abilities on the sports result of elite cross-country female skiers in competitions at various distances
Authors: Golovachev Alexander , Kolykhmatov Vladimir , Shirokova Svetlana
Published: November 2020

The article presents the correlation dynamics between indicators of arm speed strength abilities (explosive arm power, speed strength endurance) and sports results of elite cross-country female skiers at various distances of races for the final year of Olympic training. The analysis involved the results of 18 elite female athletes specializing in various types of competitive activities, aged 20 to 27 years. Functional surveys of arm speed strength abilities were conducted in the laboratory of cyclic Olympic sports of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Physical Culture & Sport (Moscow). The test program included the maximum muscle load on a ski ergometer Concept-2 (SkiErg), simulating the work of the hands with competitive intensity in several modes (pushing with maximum power and 5 minutes of work in competitive mode). The obtained indicators of explosive arm power and speed strength endurance were subjected to a correlation analysis with the results at the goal-setting starts of the sports season 2017-2018. The research results allowed to establish the most informative indicators and the differential significance of arm speed strength abilities in ensuring the effectiveness of performance at various distances of ski races.
Pilates as an effective means for developing physical qualities of Agricultural University students
Authors: Druzhinina Olga , Vershinina Natalya , Mart’yanova Lada , Zhujkov Roman , Kosenovich Oleg
Published: November 2020

The Pilates method was developed about 100 years ago. It is popular among students. This method combines low-impact, health-improving and muscle-strengthening exercises for backbone and muscles strengthening. It may be said that Pilates provides complex load for all muscle groups. In physical education classes at Agricultural University, aerobics and Pilates means are wildly used. In this article, the results of the experimental method, based on the usage of Pilates means among Agricultural University students, are given. The students doing aerobics were divided into 2 groups (control group and experimental group). During the academic year, the students of the experimental group were doing Pilates. The lecturers of Physical Education Department at Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy were monitoring state of health and physical conditions of the students. Finally, positive results were received. The effectiveness of the experimental Pilates method was proven, as physical and mental conditions of the students were improved. And some of the health indicators were increased.
Some aspects of goalkeepers mental conditioning in KHL hockey teams
Authors: Latipova Minnur , Tukhvatullina Gulnur , Kamalova Elvina , Agazaryan Marzpetuni , Kuznetsova Elena
Published: November 2020

A lot of things in the training of hockey players depend on their psychological state, on their psychological mood to win. Especially in extra class goalkeepers training. Responsible and highly motivated activity is always concerned about these athletes. The excitement degree for success in competitions determines the athlete’s mental state before going to the start. Even worldclass athletes cannot curb their nerves, relieve excessive nervous tension and calm down. The value of mental conditioning, complex methods on mental conditioning, risk factors in mental conditioning. Review of special educational and scientific literature, sociological survey, comparative analysis of training and competitive activities of goalkeepers in the WHL and CHL teams, mathematical processing of research data. Mental conditioning will be successful if you follow all the research materials’ rules.
Effectiveness of Crossfit exercises introduction as the possibility to improve the level of physical readiness among senior schoolchildren at general education institutions
Authors: Postolnik Julia , Ivanova Olga , Golova Ekaterina , Mikhailova Olga , Mnukhina Olga
Published: November 2020

The article considers the use of “Crossfit” exercises system during physical culture lessons among senior schoolgirls in terms of educational program at general education institution. The author created the experimental content of the lessons on the basis of “Crossfit” exercises. It was distributed within a weekly load fulfillment using different variations of exercises. Owing to innovative technology of this “Crossfit” exercises system, used at physical culture lessons, the authors stated interest increase among senior schoolgirls in physical culture lessons. They proved valid increase of the following indices: the level of physical readiness, subjective indices of psychoemotional state and in general health state improvement. The held research proves the expediency of “Crossfit” exercises system use at physical culture lessons among senior schoolgirls in comparison to classical variants of means used at general education schools.
Attitude to health among athletes with extremities injuries
Authors: Malikova Lyubov , Yakovleva Natalia
Published: November 2020

Attitude to health presents the inner mechanism of activity and behavior self-regulation. For a professional athlete positive attitude to health is the base for a successful career. However, the system of a personality’s attitudes is a dynamic construct. It is influenced by many factors, including sports injuries. During the research we tried to describe the peculiarities of health-protecting behavior, including the attitude to health of professional athletes with extremities injuries. In order to define the specific influence of sport as a professional activity we chose athletesamateurs with extremities injuries as the group of comparison. The results of the held research prove that the attitude to health is the main determinant of professional athletes health-protecting behavior and at the same time, it is not included into the model of health –protection of athletesamateurs. It reflects the influence of professional specificity in the system of personality’s attitudes formation.
Calorimetry of students’ heart rate during exercises of various intensity
Authors: Nagovitsyn Roman , Chelnokova Elena , Vaganova Olga , Smirnova Zhanna , Kutepov Maxim
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the study: based on data analysis, to develop a formula for calorimetry of students’ heart rate during physical activity and experimentally prove the effectiveness of its application in the training process. The study participants (n=98) were divided by body weight into groups (n=7), regardless of gender and age (20-25 years). Various mobile devices with the function of heart rate calculation and monitoring of kilocalories burning were used in the implementation of control physical activities at different levels of intensity. Analysis of the obtained calorimetric data for each group and the level of training intensity allowed us to identify patterns and develop a formula based on them for an affordable and simple calculation of kilocalories. N=0.00168-0.098/P, where N is the number of kilocalories burned for 1 heart contraction per 1 kilogram of body weight, P is the heart rate in physical training (beats per minute). An experimental study confirmed the effectiveness of using the author’s formula of heart rate calorimetry for the accuracy and uniformity of kilocalories burning in students when they exercise aerobic physical activity.
An innovative technology of an athlete’s organism functional reserves increase based on bioacoustical stimulation of the respiratory system
Authors: Dragan Sergey , Bogomolov Alexey , Razinkin Sergei , Berzin Igor , Erofeev Gennady
Published: November 2020

In order to increase an athlete’s organism functional reserves we created the innovative technology based on low-frequency vibrations influence on respiratory system. First we measured acoustic impedance of an athlete’s organism for three phases of respiration at polyharmonic acoustic signal within the range of frequency from 3 Hz to 51 Hz. After that during 2 weeks we organized six sessions of bioacoustical stimulation among the group of 20 athletes, divided into subgroups with an effective (130 dB) and placebo (60 dB) effect. It was stated that six-fold effect of a scanning tonal signal with the level of sound pressure 130 dB within the range 22-36 Hz led to resonance frequency of respiratory system increase, respiratory system sound vibrations imbibitio coefficient decrease and its resistance to sound wave increase because of reserve alveoli opening and the increase of area of cross section of alveolar ways and respiratory bronchial tubes.
Comparative analysis of functional changes indicators in the body of students with different teaching of physical culture lessons
Authors: Orlov Andrey , Kolesnikova Olga , Schneider Marina
Published: November 2020

Based on the position of psychological theory of activity, the question of the need to improve the functional state of students in universities is actualized. On the basis of the ascertaining experiment, the most informative functional test was identified, which characterizes the adaptive mechanisms of the organism. Taking into account the practice of introducing extracurricular activities into physical education of university students, a comparative analysis of the index of functional changes in the organism of students engaged in different ratios of educational process organization forms is carried out.
Shooting sports as the means of professional-applied physical training at maritime University
Authors: Zub Igor
Published: November 2020

Training specialists of water transport at maritime University presents a complex of knowledge and skills. They are necessary for the specialists in order to fulfill their professional duties. Apart from special subjects an important stage of training becomes professional-applied physical training. Its complexes are formed from different kinds of sport or during going in for professional-applied kinds of sport and provide professionally important qualities development, which define during professiograms creation according to each specialty. During water transport specialists’ professiograms analysis it is seen that the general professionally important qualities are vestibular apparatus steadiness and statokinetic resistance. These qualities help specialists of water transport realize their job duties during pitching.

One of the kinds of sport, the effectiveness of which depends on statokinetic resistance, is shooting sports. Shooting sports is a separate kind of sport, but as a kind of sport it is included into the complex of marine all-round competitions. Marine all-round competitions are professional-applied kind of sport for the specialists of water transport. They provide necessary professionally important qualities development. Shooting sports is the means of the following things development: statokinetic resistance, the ability to focus attention, psycho-emotional resistance. It is important during extreme situations. The conclusion, received as a result of scientific works analysis, helps to define the place of this kind of sport in the training diagram of marine all-round athletes, for getting the effect of positive transfers in the training process.
Use of computer innovative technologies in improving the dartsmen training
Authors: Makarova Elina , Dubatovkin Vladislav , Berezinskaya Nataliya , Barkhatova Lyudmila , Oleynik Elena
Published: November 2020

The research is focused on studying the possibility of effective use of the dart grip system, the work of the athlete’s hand, to prepare the dartsman for competitions using the MOSAR complex. The experiment uses optical motion capture systems, a set of video cameras, led parameter sensors, and devices that allow to record the movement of body parts and a dart. This method of training and controlling dart throwing can serve as educational and visual material for training future athletes. The use of such motion capture systems in the near future may become one of the main aspects of training, both beginners and professionals, in many sports.
How does caffeine affect the athlete’s body?
Authors: Shuvalova Nadezhda , Lezhenina Svetlana , Akimova Venera , Grigorieva Marina , Zorin Sergey
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the research is to carry out a theoretical analysis and generalization of modern scientific and methodological literature on the problem of the caffeine impact intake on the body of athletes. The results of experimental researches indicate a positive effect of caffeine intake on the indices of the anaerobic tests results and on the speed-strength indices. It has also been found that caffeine in combination with creatine enhances each other’s actions and has a positive effect on endurance performance. When evaluating the effect of caffeine on the athlete’s body, it was found that caffeine affects the production of lactic acid. It turned out that lactic acid is formed even at rest, as a side effect of taking caffeine. It is found that caffeine inhibits the activity of the enzyme phosphodiesterase. It was found that caffeine increases the secretion of endomorphins and, due to this, has an analgesic effect.
The use of synchronized swimming exercises in the process of students physical education
Authors: Raspopova Evgeniya , Postolnik Julia , Maltsev Dmitry
Published: November 2020

The article presents an analysis of the motives, needs, interests, beliefs and students valuable orientations to the physical culture and sport. The study showed that it is necessary to modernize the process of physical education and improve some educational programs in high school. The ability to swim is a professional and applied skill in the structure of pedagogical specialties professional competencies. In order to improve applied swimming skills, as well as to maintain the interest of University students in physical education, a technology for training and improving swimming skills was developed. A set of available synchronized swimming exercises was selected and included in the program of the elective discipline “Physical culture and sports, in the course “Swimming”. Two groups were selected: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group trains with use available means of synchronized swimming. The control group exercise by the generally accepted method. The experiment lasted for one academic year (2017-2018). The classes were held once a week, for 2 academic hours: 45 minutes – a lesson in the hall and 45 minutes – on the water. The experimental group’s students showed results significantly superior to the results of control group’s students in all indicators of swimming fitness. The study shows the possibility of using a large arsenal of synchronized swimming tools to improve the swimming skills of University students.
Method of Medvedkov V. D. for the destruction of coronavirus
Authors: Medvedkov Victor
Published: November 2020

The human cell is one of the best places to implement the main goal of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus-reproduction. Due to its small size from 80 to 220 nm, it is invisible, highly contagious and pervasive. Full protection from it is possible only with the help of maximum self-isolation. It is impossible when working in society and even when living in a family, i.e. the majority of the world’s population will be infected with it. Plus from infectionthe development of herd immunity to the new coronavirus; cons-loss of part of the alveoli, leading to hypoxia of the body, disruption of the brain and many organs and parts of the individual’s body, sometimes to a cytokine storm and death. To protect the human body from the COVID-19 coronavirus infection, a biologically based, tested, and accessible method is proposed. It consists on the rational use of heat factors and hot alcohol vapors that do not reduce the immune system. The experiment took place on the 66-year-old World champion, 3-time European champion,12-time Russian champion and was successful.
Educational ambience as facility to successful socialization students
Authors: Morozov Aleksey , Panachev Valery , Opletin Anatoly , Zelenin Leonid , Filatov Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

The present paper shows that sport loads for student environment define the possibility of not only successful educational or scientific activities but also successful social activity. The paper’s authors see the sport’s social meaning in higher education institution as a function of carrying out of applied activity with correlation into the successful professional medium. The relevance of the paper is that doing sports in education institution is perceived as not only a part of pedagogical load by the subjects of general professional cycle but also as a mean of students’ socialization. The subject under study is students’ preparedness to realize the postulates of individual sports doing. The analysis of the results of students’ health and healthy life-style problems study has been presented in the article. The role of physical culture and of the department of physical culture in this process has been determined. The ways of university’s educational environments resources stirring up for this problem solution have been outlined. Still in high antiquity doctors and philosophers believed that it couldn’t be possible to be healthy without physical exercises. Many people try to fully protect themselves against physical activity. They think that the less physical activity the healthier they become. Many students try to make their physical activity less thereby breaking their health. In any ways they try to obtain health certificates in order not to attend physical culture lessons and practically in all cases they get moral support of parents and what is the worst of doctors.