bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanocrystalline Ce(OH)4-based materials: ruthenium selective adsorbent for highly alkaline radioactive liquid waste
Authors: Selvakumar Jayaprakasam , Anshul Kumari , Nishad Padala A. , Anupkumar Bhaskarapillai , Srinivasan Subramanian , Jawahar Nethapakkam R. , Rufus Appadurai L. , Gayen Jayantha K. , Krishna Mohan Tulasi V.
Published: February 2024

Cerium hydroxide, Ce(OH)4 (Ce), has been synthesised and assessed as a Ru-selective adsorbent for treating alkaline radioactive liquid waste. Infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy investigations confirmed the successful formation of nanocrystalline Ce from Ce(NO3)3·6H2O. Selective removal of 106Ru from the ion-exchange effluent of intermediate-level liquid waste (ILW) by Ce was assessed using a high-pure germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometer. The calculated average distribution coefficient (k
D) was ∼200 mL/g. The percentage removal of 106Ru using Ce by varying time, [106Ru] and [Ce] was calculated. The adsorption of 106Ru on Ce follows pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherms. The calculated Q
max was 93,584 Bq/g. Accelerated leaching studies of the Ru-laden Ce cement product were carried out and found suitable for transport and disposal. Further, Ce-Polyether sulphone (Ce-PES) and Ce-Chitosan (CeC) composites were prepared and assessed for their Ru-uptake capacity for engineering scale application.
On the spectral norm of a doubly stochastic matrix and level-k circulant matrix
Authors: Jiang Zhao-Lin , Tam Tin-Yau
Published: February 2024

A simple proof using Birkhoff theorem is given for the result that the spectral norm of a doubly stochastic matrix is 1. We also show that the result generalizes the results of İpek, Bozkurt, and Jiang and Zhou on circulant matrices and

r

r

-circulant matrices. Spectral norm of level-

k

k

circulant matrix and applications are given.
Experiences of Successful PrEP Uptake Among Adolescent Sexual Minority Men in the United States: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Gordon Jacob , Wongsomboon Val , Alvarado Avila Andrés , Lorenzo Julianna , Mustanski Brian , Macapagal Kathryn
Published: February 2024

Male adolescent sexual minorities are at elevated risk of HIV acquisition yet demonstrate low rates of PrEP uptake. Understanding the experiences of adolescents who have successfully accessed PrEP may inform ways to best support adolescents seeking PrEP. Adolescent sexual minorities (N = 100) who reported utilizing PrEP responded to open-ended items asking about their initial PrEP experiences and advice for others. Qualitative analysis suggested that adolescents’ ability to access PrEP is influenced by managing parental involvement and seeking culturally competent health care providers. Additionally, they reported how the benefits and drawbacks of taking PrEP played a role in their PrEP use. Findings suggest that educational PrEP interventions targeted at this population could improve uptake by incorporating discussions on side effects and mental health benefits associated with PrEP use. Structural interventions are warranted that improve adolescents’ ability to seek sexual health care independently and make room for parental involvement when adolescents could benefit from their support.
Identifying Key Factors to PrEP Initiation and Persistence Among YMSM Through Focus Groups and Surveys in Two High-Priority Settings
Authors: D'Avanzo Paul , Shourya Shivesh , Brin Maeve , Kaw Shivani , Kay Emma , Batey D. Scott , Radix Asa , Belkind Uri , Tanner Mary , Galindo Carla A. , Ferrara Stephen , Ott Corilyn , Ozoria Ramirez Sergio , Schnall Rebecca
Published: February 2024

Cisgender men are diagnosed with HIV at a rate four times greater than cisgender women, with 71% of infections attributed to male-male sexual contact. Despite expanding accessibility, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention is initiated by only 30% of people with PrEP indications. Five focus groups with 42 young men who have sex with men from New York and Alabama were conducted to identify key factors to PrEP initiation and persistence. Thirty focus group participants completed a survey on demographics, PrEP choices and health care attitudes. Findings suggest provider competency significantly influences PrEP use due to stigmatization in medical settings. Participants noted benefits of PrEP including HIV protection and sexual empowerment, yet barriers like cost and side effects were prevalent. Our findings outline barriers and facilitators to PrEP use among young men who have sex with men in two high priority settings that will inform PrEP care updates in participating clinics.
«Las voces, registros y acciones de las infancias en los relatos históricos». Entrevista a Susana Sosenski
Authors: Espiga Dorado Silvana , Osta Vázquez María Laura , Álvarez Constantín Facundo
Published: February 2024

This interview with Dr. Susana Sosenski presents the reflections, challenges, and obstacles encountered by a researcher studying childhood in Latin America. The questions she has raised from her own experiences have guided her historiographic work, which contributes to the scholarship of historians in Latin America and around the world. Dr. Sosenski, founder of the Red de Estudios de Historia de las Infancias en América Latina (REHIAL) [Network for the Study of the History of Childhoods in Latin America], shares the origins of REHIAL and its objectives since its inception.
Dialectality Measurement: A Research Model for Discussion
Authors: Kardelis Vytautas
Published: February 2024

The aim of this article is to propose a model for studying linguistic behavior and dialectality measurement for scientific discussion. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are set: 1) to briefly review and evaluate the previous studies on linguistic attitudes and linguistic behavior, 2) to systematize the methods of data collection and data analysis, 3) to develop a model for studying linguistic behavior and to present dialectality measurement for discussion.

The proposed model for studying linguistic behavior and dialectality measurement has been partially verified through an exploratory study, but the results of this study will be discussed in another publication. Now the focus is only on methodological questions.

The research model consists of two parts. The first is data collection the second is data analysis. The data collection part consists of two components: 1) selection of informants and 2) formation of a corpus of empirical material. The empirical material corpus formation component consists of five partly independent, partly interrelated points: 1) A questionnaire at the beginning of data collection, 2) Creative tasks, 3) Free conversation, 4) Detailed interview, 5) A questionnaire at the end of data collection.

The data analysis part consists of three components: 1) Technical preparation of the recordings (texts) obtained during the creative task, free conversation and detailed interview, 2) Speech analysis, carried out after applying the distribution tables method, and 3) Dialectally measurement and calculating linguistic distance.
Controlling nematode infection in fruit groves
Authors: Fouad Abobatta Waleed
Published: February 2024

Parasitic nematodes are one of the most biotic threats that cause economic loss for fruit producers worldwide. Nematode infection causes weak vegetative growth and reduces tree productivity, which leads to the deterioration of the whole tree, such as in banana, peach, and citrus cultivations. Therefore, integrated control strategies are required to control nematode infection, reduce the economic loss for fruit growers worldwide, protect human health, and sustain the environment from nematicides hazards
The propagators for time-dependent mass harmonic oscillators
Authors: Pepore Surarit
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the propagator for a harmonic oscillator with mass obeying the function of m(t)=mtan2νt is derived by the Feynman path integral method. The wave function of this oscillator is calculated by expanding the obtained propagator. The propagator for a harmonic oscillator with strongly pulsating mass is evaluated by the Schwinger method. The propagator for a harmonic oscillator with mass rapidly growing with time is calculated by applying the integrals of the motion of quantum systems. The comparison between these methods are also discussed.
Biomathematical analysis on the error of 3D printing during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhao Bin , Jiang Xia
Published: February 2024

3D printing technology brings vitality to the innovation of design, and is a demonstration of the integration of science and art innovation in industrial design. In this paper, the control range of different types of printers on the accuracy of toy product parts is studied, and the accuracy of the specified types of machines is judged by the calculation and analysis of test data and comparison. By realizing 3D printing combined with industrial design practice, the innovative use of 3D printing technology and art provides a scientific reference for the improvement of the manufacturing level of the basic disciplines of industrial design during COVID-19 pandemic.
Effects of a Benzalkonium Chloride Surfactant-Sodium Hypochlorite Combination on Microhardness and Mineral Content of Dentin
Authors: Aslantas Eda Ezgi , Aksel Hacer , Dogan Buzoglu Hatice
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the combination of Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and sodium hypochloride (NaOCl) and its application after ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in root canal irrigation procedures on the microhardness and mineral content of dentin. Distal roots of mandibular third molars were embedded in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin, sectioned coronally to apically resulting in fifty-four root sections. Thirty sections underwent microhardness evaluation, and twenty-four sections were randomly chosen for mineral analysis. The microhardness assessment comprised three groups: Group 1 (2.5% NaOCl), Group 2 (2.5% NaOCl with 0.084% BAC), and Group 3 (2.5% NaOCl with 0.084 BAC post-17% EDTA). Initial and post-irrigation microhardness values were measured for each group. For mineral analysis, samples were categorized into four groups: distilled water, 2.5% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl with 0.084% BAC, and 17% EDTA+2.5% NaOCl with 0.084% BAC. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy immediately measured magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium mineral contents on dentin surfaces post-irrigation. Results indicated a significant reduction in root dentin microhardness for all solutions (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant difference in the percentage of reduction was observed among the groups (p>0.05). XPS analysis revealed no significant disparity in dentin surface mineral content among the groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, the addition of Benzalkonium chloride to sodium hypochloride, either alone or after EDTA, did not induce a significant alteration in dentin microhardness or mineral content. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of dental irrigation protocols and their effects on dentin properties during endodontic procedures.
Roles of autophagy in killing of mycobacterial pathogens by host macrophages – Effects of some medicinal plants
Authors: Tatano Yutaka , Shimizu Toshiaki , Sano Chiaki , Tomioka Haruaki
Published: February 2024

Autophagy is a cellular stress-induced intracellular process, through which damaged cellular components are decomposed via lysosomal degradation. This process plays important roles in host innate immunity, particularly the elimination of intracellular pathogens inside host macrophages. A more detailed understanding of the roles of autophagic events in the effective manifestation of macrophagic antimycobacterial activity is needed. Furthermore, the effects of medicinal plants on macrophagic autophagy response to mycobacterial infection need to be clarified. We herein examined the significance of autophagic events in the manifestation of host immunity during mycobacterial infection, by performing a literature search using PubMed. Recent studies demonstrated that autophagy up-regulated macrophage functions related to the intracellular killing of mycobacteria, even when pathogens were residing within the cytoplasm of macrophages. The majority of medicinal plants potentiated macrophagic autophagy, thereby enhancing their antimycobacterial functions. In contrast, most medicinal plants down-regulate the development and activation of the Th17 cell population, which reduces macrophage antimycobacterial activity. These opposing effects of medicinal plants on macrophage autophagy (enhancement) and Th17 cell functions (inhibition) may provide a plausible explanation for the clinical observation of their modest efficacy in the treatment of mycobacterial infections.
Study and optimization of a recycling process for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets at the end of their useful life
Authors:   , Checa Fernández Blanca Luna
Published: February 2024

Nowadays the scarcity of rare earths is a problem of significant importance due to the indispensable role of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets in numerous technological applications. The international reliance on rare earth elements and the costly manufacturing processes involved in producing these magnets pose today both environmental and economic challenges. As the demand for rare earth permanent magnets grows, concerns about resource scarcity, energy consumption, and waste accumulation become more pressing. Developing new recycling routes for Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets is crucial to address these challenges. By establishing efficient methods to recover and reuse rare earth containing elements from discarded or obsolete devices could significantly reduce the need for mining new resources, helping to mitigate the environmental impact associated with mining and processing. For that reason, the problem of permanent magnets underscores the necessity of finding alternative and sustainable ways to produce, utilize, and recover these crucial materials. The development of novel recycling routes is a key step towards addressing the challenges posed by resource scarcity, environmental concerns, and economic fluctuations, contributing to a more sustainable future, and creating new business opportunities in the green technology sector. This PhD thesis aims to study new recycling routes for rare earth magnets, based on the use of gas atomization technique to melt scrap magnets and produce Nd-Fe-B recycled powders. This powder can be used to manufacture a new magnet. Gas atomization is a highly interesting industrial production technique with numerous advantages, including high productivity and lower cost compared to other production techniques. The limitation of the gas-atomized powders lies in their low magnetic properties. For that reason, with the aim to enhance their magnetic properties, different alternatives of heat treatments and reactions in hydrogen atmosphere such as hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and the hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (HDDR) process will be analyzed. Moreover, the effect of some commonly used additives in Nd- Fe-B permanent magnets, such as Nb and Ga will be analyzed. The ultimate motivation is to enhance their magnetic properties, transforming them into a useful material to produce both isotropic and anisotropic bonded magnets.
Design jako źródło innowacji zarządzania
Authors: Baran Grzegorz
Published: February 2024

Innowacje zarządzania – uważane za trudne do powielenia – mogą stanowić źródło względnie trwałej przewagi konkurencyjnej, zwiększonej wydajności, poprawy produktywności, a także wyników finansowych przedsiębiorstw. Choć innowacje te zyskują coraz większą powszechność i uznanie, metody i procesy ich rozwoju wciąż pozostają niewystarczająco zbadane i rozpoznane. Słaby rozwój teorii zarządzania w wymiarze jej praktycznej przydatności i rzeczywistego wpływu na codzienne decyzje i działania menedżerów wobec przybierającej na sile transformacji w wymiarze społecznym i technologicznym jest ważnym argumentem za poszukiwaniem nowego podejścia do innowacji zarządzania. Celem podjętych badań jest w związku z powyższym rozpoznanie stosunkowo nowego podejścia do innowacji opartego na metodologii i praktyce projektowania oraz sformułowanie podstawowych przesłanek wykorzystania tego podejścia do badania innowacji zarządzania. Metodą zastosowaną do rozwiązania problemu naukowego była metoda dedukcji odniesiona do pogłębionego i krytycznego studium literatury z zakresu innowacji zarządzania, współczesnych podejść opartych na projektowaniu oraz epistemologii i metodologii nauk o zarządzaniu określanych jako nauki praktyczne. Głównym rezultatem badań jest sformułowanie podstawowych przesłanek wykorzystania założeń podejścia opartego na projektowaniu do badania innowacji zarządzania wraz z wyjaśnieniem ich implikacji dla nauk o zarządzaniu.
O zależności pomiędzy zdolnościami dynamicznymi i innowacyjnością oraz o moderującej roli luzów organizacyjnych
Authors: Bratnicka-Myśliwiec Katarzyna , Ingram Tomasz , Głód Wojciech , Swałek Aleksandra
Published: February 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba wyjaśnienia relacji pomiędzy zdolnościami dynamicznymi organizacji, poziomem luzów organizacyjnych oraz innowacyjności przedsiębiorstwa. Wykorzystując dane empiryczne z 422 polskich organizacji, zgromadzonych w 2021 roku, przeprowadzono analizy ilościowe dotyczące związków pomiędzy wskazanymi zależnościami. Przeprowadzone analizy statystyczne wykazały, że zdolności do dostrzegania, wykorzystywania i rekonfiguracji zasobów stanowią istotny czynnik determinujący poziom innowacyjności przedsiębiorstwa. Artykuł podejmuje tematykę związków pomiędzy zdolnościami dynamicznymi i innowacyjnością w kontekście luzów organizacyjnych. Zgodnie z wiedzą autorów jest to pierwsze tego typu ujęcie w literaturze krajowej i jedno z pierwszych w międzynarodowym stanie wiedzy. Wzbogaca tym samym stan wiedzy dotyczący problematyki innowacyjności w organizacji, wskazując jednoznacznie na jej uwarunkowania.
Scenariusze przyszłości w planowaniu strategicznym z perspektywy szkolnictwa wyższego
Authors: Bugaj Justyna
Published: February 2024

Scenariusze w planowaniu strategicznym w różnych organizacjach wykorzystuje się od lat 60. ubiegłego wieku. W założeniu mają umożliwić kierującym organizacjami podejmowanie skutecznych decyzji strategicznych dzięki znajomości różnych wariantów przyszłości. Stąd dzięki scenariuszom można być gotowym na wykorzystanie różnych rozwiązań, szczególnie w przypadku nieprzewidzianych sytuacji wynikających z otoczenia organizacji lub tych zachodzących w jej wnętrzu. W przypadku instytucji szkolnictwa wyższego scenariusze są rozbudowanymi raportami, których powstanie wiąże się najczęściej z wykorzystaniem metody delfickiej lub panelu eksperckiego. Celami artykułu są przedstawienie czterech wybranych scenariuszy związanych z przyszłością szkolnictwa wyższego w Europie i na świecie oraz przygotowanie rekomendacji dla kierujących uczelniami w zakresie planowania strategicznego w polskich uczelniach. Postawiono pytanie badawcze: jakie wnioski z badanych scenariuszy dotyczących europejskiego i światowego szkolnictwa wyższego mogą skutkować decyzjami w planowaniu strategicznym w polskich uczelniach. W pierwszej części artykułu wykorzystano krytyczną analizę literatury, a w drugiej analizę wybranych przypadków (scenariuszy). Rozważania podkreślają rolę scenariuszy w planowaniu strategicznym w uczelni.
Ogólnopolski Strajk Kobiet jako przykład organizacji liminalnej. Wprowadzenie do tematu
Authors: Góral Anna
Published: February 2024

W niniejszym artykule zaproponowano nowe spojrzenie na organizacje nieformalne, a mianowicie przez pryzmat koncepcji liminalności stworzonej na gruncie antropologii przez Arnolda van Gennepa oraz Victora Turnera. Opierając się na analizie studium przypadku Ogólnopolskiego Strajku Kobiet oraz literatury przedmiotu, zdefiniowano pojęcie organizacji liminalnej. Mianem tym określa się szczególny sposób organizowania, który intencjonalnie konstruowany jest z zamiarem wywołania i wzmocnienia procesów liminalnych doświadczanych przez ludzi, którzy uczestniczą w podejmowanych przez nią działaniach. W tym celu osoby współtworzące organizację liminalną sięgają do szeregu narzędzi i metod zarządzania, które mają wzmacniać jej transformacyjny charakter.
Metoda pomiaru poziomu zaufania do technologii
Authors: Pawłowska-Nowak Marta , Nowak Marcin
Published: February 2024

Celem artykułu było opracowanie metody pomiaru zaufania do technologii. W docelowej metodzie wykorzystano metodę Thurstona do nadania wag kryteriom decyzyjnym oraz autorsko zmodyfikowaną metodę TOPSIS. Opracowaną metodę zastosowano do zbadania poziomu zaufania do technologii (oprogramowania klasy ERP) wśród pracowników dużego przedsiębiorstwa branży e-commerce w Poznaniu. Artykuł składa się z czterech rozdziałów. W pierwszym z nich zaprezentowano wprowadzenie do podejmowanej w artykule problematyki. Drugi rozdział stanowi przegląd literatury w zakresie zaufania do technologii. W trzecim rozdziale przedstawiono zarówno zastosowane metody, jak i wyniki badań własnych. Artykuł zakończono syntetycznymi wnioskami ze wskazaniem dalszych pól badawczych.
Redundancja w ujęciu Rafała Krupskiego wobec teorii społeczno-ekologicznego gospodarowania
Authors: Szplit Andrzej
Published: February 2024

Zarządzanie jako nauka wciąż ewoluuje. Postrzeganie zarządzania przez relacje społeczno- ekologiczne również się zmienia. Powstają w związku z tym alternatywne koncepcje uwzględniające aktualne wyzwania. Czwarta rewolucja przemysłowa kreuje powstawanie nowych produktów, usług, wymusza zmianę na rynku pracy. Powstają inne warunki prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej, rozpatrywane w oparciu o niespotykane do tej pory kryteria. Ważne w tym miejsce zajmuje budowanie strategii przedsiębiorstwa. W publikacji nawiązuje się do badań Rafała Krupskiego i jego koncepcji kreowania strategii z wymogami identyfikacji okazji i zdefiniowania redundancji zasobów i kompetencji.
Register DOI Func Reg Test 021324- National Hospital Care Survey Demonstration Projects: Characteristics and Mortality Outcomes of Opioid-involved Hospital Encounters With Co-occurring Disorders
Authors: Amy M. Brown  , Donielle G. White  , Rihem Badwe  , Nikki Adams  , Adaeze O’Jiaku-Okorie  , Salah Shaikh  , Adewumi Adegboye  , Jooyeon Lee  , Geoff Jackson  , Carol DeFrances
Published: February 2024

This report demonstrates the use of National Hospital Care Survey data to describe characteristics of patients experiencing opioid-involved hospital encounters with co-occurring disorders.
Register DOI Func Reg Test 021324- Fetal Mortality: United States, 2020
Authors: Elizabeth C.W. Gregory M.P.H. , Claudia P. Valenzuela M.P.H. , Donna L. Hoyert Ph.D.
Published: February 2024

This report presents 2020 fetal mortality data by maternal race and Hispanic origin, age, tobacco use during pregnancy, and state of residence, as well as by plurality, sex, gestational age, birthweight, and selected causes of death. Trends in fetal mortality are also examined.
Influence of Multiple Sterilization on Performance of Titanium Pegs When Measuring Implant Stability With Resonance Frequency Analyses
Authors: Ates Gokcen , Sönmez Esma , Dayan Süleyman Çağatay , Bural Canan , Geckili Onur
Published: February 2024

This in vitro study was conducted to investigate the repeatability of the implant stability quotients (ISQ) measured with multipegs after numerous sterilizations and to detect the exact time when the readings start to deviate. Multipegs were sterilized with 3 different methods (autoclaved, autoclaved + ultrasonic cleaner, chemical disinfection + autoclaved) and grouped according to the method applied. All specimens were put into the autoclave with sealed packages every time they were sterilized. Each specimen was sterilized 50 times according to the technique described in its group after an ISQ measurement was performed. Results of the 2-way analysis of variance showed that neither the sterilization method nor the cycles, nor their interaction, were statistically significant. A multipeg may be reused multiple times after sterilization procedures and may be more cost-effective than a disposable smartpeg for checking implant stability after confirming these results in further investigations.
Modified 3-Dimensional Alveolar Ridge Augmentation in the Anterior Maxilla: A Prospective Clinical Feasibility Study
Authors: Shakibaie Behnam , Sabri Hamoun , Blatz Markus
Published: February 2024

Vertical and horizontal reconstruction of the alveolar ridge, especially in the anterior maxilla, is considered a clinical challenge for dentists. There is still a lack of a standard technique to address the hurdles in 3-dimensional bone regeneration in the anterior maxilla. In this clinical feasibility study, we aimed to modify Khoury’s technique by combining the conventional guided bone regeneration standards with the principles of this technique. The autogenous bone blocks were harvested from the retromolar area and grafted into the deficient anterior maxillae by mini-screws, and the gap was filled with xenogenic bone particles. The grafted site was covered with multilayered resorbable collagen membranes. Cone-beam computerized tomographic scans were obtained at the 6-month follow-ups, and the changes in ridge width and height were measured. Five subjects with multiple missing teeth at the anterior maxilla were included. The radiographic outcomes of the 6-month follow-ups revealed 1.2 mm of height and 3.5 mm of width gain. Between the 4- and 6-month visits, approximately 2 mm resorption in height and 0.3 mm in width occurred. No complications occurred. The proposed modification for Khoury’s technique can serve as a feasible method in the 3-dimensional reconstruction of the anterior maxilla without additional autogenous bone particles.
Bilans poprawek do konstytucji Republiki Irlandzkiej dotyczących Seanad Éireann
Authors:   Uniwersytet Gdański, Barbarewicz Marek
Published: February 2024

Seanad Éireann in the Republic of Ireland, being currently one of the few examples of a chamber of parliament implementing the formula of functional representation, is often the object of criticism and proposals for constitutional reforms in terms of its functioning and, in particular, the method of electing its members. The previous amendments related to the Senate – VII of 1979 and XXXII of 2013 – ended in failure and did not implement the accompanying basic ideas regarding the systemic reform. The article introduces the composition of Seanad Éireann, the historical context of the development of both amendments, the context of attempts to implement them, failures in this regard and the consequences of this failure and includes a reflection on the future of the chamber and an indication of further attempts at its reform.
Pierwsze posiedzenie Senatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet SWPS, Chmaj Marek
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this article is to present the constitutional and legal issues related to the first sitting of the Senate of the Republic of Poland after the elections. The author made a substantive analysis of the issue of the entity obliged to convene the first sitting, the legal form of this convocation, the date and place of the sitting, as well as the subject matter, i.e. the agenda of the sitting. A division was made into obligatory and optional points of the agenda of the meeting. The article also contains several conclusions concerning the status of the Senior Speaker. The author focuses his attention primarily on an analysis of the constitutional regulations concerning the issues raised, obviously taking into account the provisions of the rules of the chamber.
Europejska Sieć Rzeczników Praw Dziecka i jej rola w zakresie ochrony praw dziecka. Wybrane problemy
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Radek Robert
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to analysing the activities of the European Network of Ombudspersons for Children. The experience gained so far allows us to draw conclusions as to the activities of the institution coordinating the activities of ombudspersons for children in Europe and confirms that the exchange of good practices, support and coordination effectively strengthens the protection of children’s rights. This article aims to draw attention to selected problems related to the specificity of the activity of this European institution, which integrates not only the institutions of children’s rights ombudspersons but also other institutions established to protect the rights of the youngest in the situation of multifaceted threats of the modern world. The author tries to show that the European Network of Ombudspersons for Children undertakes intensified efforts to protect children’s rights and is effective in this respect.
Samorząd lokalny w procesie organizacji wyborów powszechnych w czasie pandemii – doświadczenia z wyborów Prezydenta RP z 2020 r.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Czapiewski Tomasz
Published: February 2024

The aim of this text is to analyse the tasks and activities of the municipal government during the organisation of elections in the period after 12 May 2020, when elections were originally scheduled for, but in which no voting took place. A particular element of the context of this election was the pandemic threat. The study is based on source documents and five expert interviews conducted with people involved in the organisation of elections. The analysis focuses on two areas – the expansion of postal voting and sanitary restrictions at the polling station. This study draws attention to the increased tasks of local government and the short time for adaptation to the new legal regime.
Konstytucyjna gwarancja równości a faktyczna równość płci w Radzie Ministrów w latach 1989–2019
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Leszczyńska-Wichmanowska Krystyna
Published: February 2024

The objective of the article is to analyze equal access of women and men to positions in the Polish Council of Ministers after 1989. The percentage of women in the Councils of Ministers established between 1989 and 2019 was at the level of 12.55%. Only in the office of Kopacz, the female ratio reached the value of 31.58%, i.e. the level of the so-called critical mass of 30%, which may constitute the threshold of the real influence of women on political decisions. The governments of Morawiecki (1st government) and Szydło were composed of 27% and 25% women, respectively. However, only 13% of women were in the subsequent (2nd) cabinet of Morawiecki. This proves that in the coming years in Poland, the perspective of gender balanced governments, which were created, among others: by the Prime Ministers of Sweden in 2014–2021 and of Canada since 2015, is unlikely to be realized.
Kilka uwag o modelu procedur kontrolnych w postępowaniach dyscyplinarnych nauczycieli akademickich w świetle standardów konstytucyjnych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Paluszkiewicz Hanna
Published: February 2024

The subject of the analysis is selected issues related to the model of the instance review procedure in the proceedings of disciplinary responsibility of academic staff conducted under the Law on Higher Education and Science (p.s.w.n.). The research perspective is formed by constitutional values in the form of the principle of appealability of judgments (Art. 78 of the Constitution) and the right to court (Art. 45 in conjunction with Art. 77 of the Constitution). Consideration of the system of legal remedies provided for in the law p.s.w.n. leads to the constatation about the non-uniform model of instance-based control of decisions issued during disciplinary proceedings in the largo sense conducted against an academic teacher. The analysis of the model is carried out taking into account the possibility of challenging decisions issued in the preliminary phase of the proceedings, in the investigation and disciplinary proceedings sensu stricto.
Zakaz dyskryminacji ze względu na orientację seksualną w zatrudnieniu niepracowniczym – regulacja ustawy z 3 grudnia 2010 r. o wdrożeniu niektórych przepisów Unii Europejskiej w zakresie równego traktowania a unijny standard ochrony
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Wróblewska Iwona
Published: February 2024

The subject of the article is an analysis of the solutions adopted in Polish legislation in the field of protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation by concluding a non-employment contract for the provision of services. In particular, it aims to confront the provisions of the Act of 3 December 2010 on the implementation of certain provisions of the European Union regarding equal treatment with the regulation of Council Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. A detailed analysis of the content of the directive, taking into account its interpretation of the CJEU in the preliminary ruling (C-356/21) issued on 12 January 2023, leads to the conclusion that the Equal Treatment Act implements the provisions of the directive improperly, and the standard of protection against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation provided by the Polish legislator is lower than required by EU law.
Postrzeganie realizacji wolności akademickiej przez nauczycieli akademickich w Polsce
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Siedlcach, Stachowiak-Kudła Monika
Published: February 2024

Stemming from the theory of the perception of human rights, the article identifies the main types of violations of academic freedom in Polish universities, the features of scientists, and the type of university the most often affected by these violations. The methods involve basic descriptive statistics measures and ordinary least squares regression. The study reveals that perceived academic freedom is higher for full professors or university professors than for assistant professors. The highest violations are felt by scientists holding lower academic positions but with long work experience. Academics employed at universities with a long tradition of education perceive the implementation of academic freedom more positively than their colleagues employed at universities with a short tradition of education.
Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z 11 maja 2023 r., sygn. akt P 12/18
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Mijal Przemysław
Published: February 2024

The subject of the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of May 11, 2023 was the assessment of the compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of the provision of Art. 22 sec. 5 point 3 of the Act of July 23, 2003 on the protection and care of monuments. The regulation in question limited the ownership right to real estate by allowing it to be included as a monument in the municipal register of monuments. This occurred without providing the owner with a guarantee of legal protection against such a restriction. The Tribunal – finding this provision inconsistent with the Constitution – stated that it was not necessary to protect the public interest, and the effects of its application were not in proportion to the burdens imposed on property owners. The judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal therefore resolved a key issue, deciding on the need to provide the property owner with an effective guarantee of legal protection against such a restriction.
Disinformation, media literacy and journalism: proposals from journalists in Portugal
Authors: Torre Luísa , Jerónimo Pedro , Amaral Inês
Published: February 2024

Recents studies suggest the existence of a European Public Sphere, especially in the face of events of significant importance. In the scope of the Covid-19 crisis, this paper aims to study the platformization of the discussion on European topics by political agents such as politicians and political parties. Focusing on four Southern European countries – Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain – that have a common past history in their relationships with Europe (PIGS), we analyze political agents’ posts with the highest reach. The study was conducted on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube over a period of three months, between September and November 2021. Regarding the platformization and the success of communication strategies, overall right-wing politicians tend to be more effective in capturing the attention and mobilising the participation of social media users on Facebook and Twitter. Different political groups stand out in the discussion of different European issues on different platforms. However, for most countries, the Economy, related to Europe, was the main subject with the highest reach addressed by the political actors, thus reinforcing the idea of Structural Europeanization. However, with most posts having a national scope, this does not contribute to strengthening the construction of a European Identity (Normative Europeanization). These findings are aligned with previous literature regarding European issues being first and foremost used as leverage for national political struggles, especially due to national and populist movements.
A taxonomy for Media Literacy in Portugal
Authors: Paisana Miguel , Foá Caterina , Vasconcelos António , Couraceiro Paulo , Ferro-Santos Sofia , Margato Aldina , Crespo Miguel
Published: February 2024

Media literacy, which encompasses skills and knowledge considered essential for civic participation in social, political, and professional life, is an area that has been growing steadily. In Portugal, there is a wide range of entities that have developed media literacy initiatives, from public entities, universities, research centers, training centers, media organizations, among others. These actors are adopting different approaches and media literacy is being promoted through training, academic publications, social projects, and learning platforms. These actions, carried out in more or less formal environments, are aimed at different target audiences, from pre-school children to the elderly.
Based on the multiplicity of theoretical approaches to the concept of media literacy, this study seeks to understand the extent to which this diversity is reflected in the multiplicity of actors, approaches and target audiences involved in promoting media literacy in Portugal.
To achieve this goal, using two analysis grids, one dedicated to the actors and the other to their interventions, a mapping of Portuguese entities dedicated to media literacy was carried out, seeking to identify the types of organizations and the professional areas to which they belong, their target audiences, the incidence of literacy promoted, and the pedagogical tools used. The results are presented in the form of a taxonomy of the actors involved in the operationalization of media literacy initiatives in Portugal, making it possible to characterize the landscape of this literacy promotion and its constituent networks, as well as to identify areas to be explored and the types of target audiences in need of initiatives aimed at their needs. The identification of empirical practices to promote media literacy in Portugal also makes it possible to contribute to the global theoretical-conceptual debate on the subject, particularly in terms of the volatility of the concept, its propensity for change and its readaptation according to the contexts in which it is used.
A human-centric approach to countering disinformation
Authors: Balčytienė Auksė , Kasparaitė Rimgailė , Lenčiauskienė Patricija
Published: February 2024

Throughout all European countries, disinformation, the prevalence of false narratives and the rise of online radicalism are recognized as profound instances of “dysfunctional communication” driving contemporary societies toward populist polarization and conflict. As traditional guardians of knowledge authority and epistemic commons, the news media takes a bold stance in combatting disinformation, even though the profession is facing significant challenges in terms of business and trust production.

How should journalism education respond to the increasing epistemic uncertainties and develop the essential skills and capacities for digital information verification, while fostering the commitment for ethical communication and serving the public good?

This paper discusses the development and teaching of contemporary journalistic professionalism as a social process sustained via different digital mediums and contextualized within real-world events. Using the example of the pilot study, it suggests that within contemporary journalism education, there is a growing requirement to cultivate a collaborative ethos among journalists and sources, starting within the university setting. The experience gained from the source verification class, tested with Lithuanian journalism students in a collaborative learning situation, reveals fact-checking practices that anticipate the development of epistemic capacities and self-efficacy, crucial for resilient journalistic professionalism.
Literacy for everyone: the privileged role of journalism in promoting media literacy
Authors: Frota Silvia , Cortés Luísa , Melo Amanda
Published: February 2024

In contemporary societies, communication becomes increasingly plural, with the multiplication of information channels, connections, and social actors. On the one hand, this promotes greater democratization of communication and information systems, but, on the other hand, these become increasingly complex, requiring a growing degree of literacy to understand the value of each message and its potential impact. In this context, this article highlights the privileged role that professional journalism has in promoting media literacy, largely thanks to its ability to reach different audiences and actively contribute to opinion-forming processes. With this objective in mind, three projects are discussed involving the newspapers Público (Portugal) and O Estado de S.Paulo (Brazil), as well as the BBC (United Kingdom). It concludes that there is a need to diversify the role of journalism, which is often reduced to promoting knowledge about news production methods. The theoretical-methodological framework adopted is based on Cultural Studies, Critical Discourse Studies and Communication and Media Studies.
How is Portugal addressing disinformation? Results of a mapping of initiatives (2010-2023)
Authors: Oliveira Ana Filipa , Maneta Margarida , Brites Maria José , Ribeiro-Rodrigues Vanessa
Published: February 2024

The brisky transformation of the internet and the rise of digital technologies have been causing a deep impact on the media and in the ways audiences access, consume and participate. Although in this era information is closer and more available to citizens, concerns have been raised regarding 1) the quality of the information disseminated by digital platforms, 2) the impacts it may have on democracies and 3) the urgency of promoting citizens' MIL competencies. Disseminating unverified content can pose threats towards the status of the Internet as a space for free and informative debate, and as a tool for social inclusion. Portugal is pointed out as the second European country where citizens are most concerned about authenticity and validity of information (Newman et al., 2020). However data also shows that mechanisms of disinformation are quite participated by them. In this way, it becomes relevant to understand how the various sectors of society have been promoting the empowerment of citizens, and their resilience and competence toward information disorder.

Within the scope of the project Read Twice, the team carried out a mapping of initiatives focused on tackling disinformation. The aim was to identify good practices and outline Portugal’s experience concerning this issue. After an initial listing of activities (N=20) promoted over the last 13 years, the team identified 3 Top Initiatives and eleven Best Practices. Overall results suggest that media literacy has been in the spotlight in the Portuguese context since the 1980s. There is also a tendency for media literacy initiatives to engage target audiences through active, participatory and creative approaches. However, and although the longest-running activity dates from the late 1980s, the initiatives identified are limited to a specific timeframe, suggesting that there is a lack of continuity repeatedly emphasised in the research.
Artificial intelligence, disinformation and media literacy proposals around deepfakes
Authors: Garriga Miriam , Ruiz-Incertis Raquel , Magallón-Rosa Raúl
Published: February 2024

The role of artificial intelligence and its place in the new disinformation strategies is perhaps one of the most difficult issues to focus on nowadays, since we are at the beginning of a process of definition and ways of exploration. In this paper, first of all, we analyze the different approaches that are being applied to the regulation of artificial intelligence and that may affect the different disinformation strategies that are being identified. Secondly, we study how artificial intelligence is being used to identify disinformation content. In this regard, from the point of view of verification processes, one of the main challenges is when identifying deepfakes (images and video, mainly) linked to news cycles. From this perspective, a typology of deepfakes is proposed and its main characteristics will be described according to the verifications carried out by the Spanish fact-checking organizations. Finally, a set of recommendations will be presented to work from a media literacy point of view with the identification of deepfakes.
Formation of the culture of information security of Russian citizens: evolutionary periodization
Authors: Bylevskiy Pavel
Published: February 2024

The subject of the theoretical analysis presented in the article is the periodization of the formation of the culture of information security in Russia, carried out using the method of cultural evolutionary analysis. The fulfillment of this task precedes the subsequent development of a cultural paradigm, a structural and functional model and practical methods for improving the information security of Russian citizens. The adoption by the Russian Government on December 22, 2022 of the Concept of Formation and Development of the Culture of Information Security of the Citizens of the Russian Federation confirms the relevance of this topic.

The culturological analysis of the existing concepts of developing a culture of information security (based on the materials of theoretical, research and scientific-practical works of re-cent years) has shown the limitations of a narrow specialization (technical, regulatory, organizational, psychological, pedagogical, etc.). It is concluded that a profile systematic approach of culturology is in demand, which is the specifics of the list and combinations of various elements, disciplines and stages of the formation of a professional culture of information security in different sectors and in the general civil sphere.

The evolutionary analysis allows us to identify five stages of the historical development of digital computer and telecommunication network technologies, starting from the creation in the late 1940s to the modern universal distribution — «digital transformation». It is revealed that the use of these technologies initially requires the formation of an appropriate user culture, including ensuring safety. The development and complication of technologies, areas and methods of their application is accompanied by the evolution of threats and risks that require the development of directions and content of information security culture, both professional and civil.

The result of the theoretical analysis is the conclusion that cultural studies is a specialized scientific discipline for the selection and determination of the ratios of technical and socio-cultural components, the sequence of stages and tools for the formation and development of various types of information security culture. The development of a paradigm, a dynamic system culturological model of information security allows us to scientifically comprehend the features and correlation of professional, specialized and mass civil security culture of the use of computer and telecommunication network technologies. It is also concluded that the conceptual and cate-gorical apparatus and methodology of cultural studies provide a more adequate development of effective practical techniques and other tools for the development of the culture of information security of Russian citizens.