bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drinking Water Production Using Passive Solar Stills with Different Absorbing Materials
Authors: Yusof Khamaruzaman Wan , Riahi Ali , Singh Balbir Singh Mahinder , Olisa Emmanuel , binti Mohd Azezs Nuraizzah , bin Mohamad Khir Ahmad Raziqin , Marzuki Mardiana
Published: April 2015

Solar stills as the cheapest options used to desalinate brackish water in areas having freshwater availability limitation. The purpose of this work is to investigate the water production improvement of double slope solar stills using heat absorption materials in the basin. Three similar shapes double slope passive solar stills were constructed to conduct the experiments in tropical climate of Malaysia. Each solar still had a stainless steel trough and a transparent polythene film as basin and cover respectively. Three basins each having 50 cm length, 30 cm width and 8 cm depth were used to keep the fed lake water. 2 cm depths of black soil and sea sand were added in two solar still basins respectively, while the last solar still had only stainless steel trough as basin. Experimental investigations on the solar stills performance showed that the solar still with black soil had a highest output as compared to the solar still yield using sea sand layer in basin or conventional solar still using only stainless steel basin respectively. Some water quality parameters of lake water and produced distilled water were also tested in the laboratory and indicated that the treated water met the WHO standard for drinking.
Modified Vermiculites Study by Various Physicochemical Methods
Authors: Shapkin N.P. , Razov V.I. , Khalʻchenko I.G. , Mayorov V.I. , Shkuratov A.L. , Trukhin V.O. , Kotochentsev V.V.
Published: April 2015

Kovdor (Karelia) deposite vermiculites modified by acid of different concentrations and chitosan were studied using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, measuring apparent density, dye adsorption, nitrogen adsorption by BET and porometry. It has been shown that after acidizing vermiculite density changes comparing to the samples’ density depending on the acid concentration. The density increases with the increasing acid concentration. Internal volume of the micropores and the value of maximum sorption of brilliant green change directly proportional to the density of the modified vermiculite.
Tensile Behaviour and Temperature Stability of Modified HDPE by Radiation Cross-Linking after Temperature Load
Authors: Mizera Ales , Manas Miroslav , Manas David , Stanek Michal , Navratil Jan , Bednarik Martin
Published: April 2015

Radiation processing of polymers is a well-established and economical commercial method of precisely modifying the properties of polymers, especially temperature stability. The tensile behaviour of modified HDPE samples by radiation cross-linking were measured at the ambient and after temperature load. Sample 3D scans were made and investigated before and after temperature load. The tested samples showed significant changes of temperature stability. From this point of view, new applications could also be seen in areas with service temperatures higher than their former melting point.
Influence of Ionizing Beta Radiation on the Surface Energy and Strength of Bonded Joints (at an Elevated Temperature) of Thermoplastic Material
Authors: Bednarik Martin , Manas David , Manas Miroslav , Stanek Michal , Navratil Jan , Mizera Ales
Published: April 2015

In this study there was found that ionizing beta radiation increased the strength of bonded joints and improved the adhesion properties of polycarbonate (PC). Bonded joints at elevated temperature (60 °C) were tested. Generally, for the formation of quality bonded joint it is important to wet the adhesive bonding surface well. Wettability is characterized by the contact angle of wetting. The liquid has to have a lower surface energy than the solid in order to be able to wet the solid substance. The measurement results indicated that ionizing beta radiation was a very effective tool for improvement of adhesive properties and increased the strength of bonded joints of PC at elevated temperature (60 °C). Bonded surfaces with ionizing beta radiation doses of 0, 33, 66, 99, 132, 165 and 198 kGy were irradiated. The best results were achieved by irradiation at doses of 66 kGy by which the highest surface energy and the highest strength of bonded joints of PC were achieved. The strength of bonded joints after irradiation was increased up to 10 % and surface energy up to 30 % compared to untreated material.
Stress Distribution Surrounding Endodontic Prefabricated Parallel Post
Authors: Helal Wasim M.K. , Shi Dong Yan
Published: April 2015

The identification of the optimum material of an endodontic prefabricated parallel post (EPPP) is carried out in the current study. The primary goal of the current work is to analyze the effect of post material on the stress distribution surrounding EPPP. Ten different post materials: 1-carbon fibre (CF), 2-gold alloy (GA), 3-titanium alloy (TA), 4-stainless steel (SS), 5-composite resin (CR), 6-fiber reinforced composite (FRFC), 7-carbon (C), 8-glass fiber (GF), 9-zirconia (Z), and 10-ribbond fiber+bonding agent+flowable composite (RBF) are used in the present work. In order to identify the best post material, the stress distribution surrounding EPPP with the previous materials are investigated through finite element analysis (FEA). The results obtained show that, the best material of an EPPP is GF. In this study, in order to identify the optimum material of an EPPP, the optimization technique is adopted. The results obtained show that, the optimum values of elastic modulus (E) and Poisson’s ratio (υ) equal to 63.69 GPa and 0.214115, respectively. These resulting values mean that, the optimum material of an EPPP is borosillicate glass (BG).
Modeling of the 2D Halbach Array with Different Dimensions of Magnets Based on Magnetization Direction
Authors: Liu Guang Dou , Zhou Yun Fei , Zhou Rou Gang , Huo Li Gang
Published: April 2015

In this paper the Halbach array with different segments per pole are modeled. The dimensions of magnets among segments are different with different magnetization direction. The unified harmonic model for the magnetic flux density distribution of the Halbach array with different segments per pole is derived by using Fourier series and magnetic scalar potential. Then the Halbach array with different segments per pole can be analytically analyzed and compared by the unified harmonic model.
An Experimental Testing of Fillet Welded Specimens
Authors: Krejsa Martin , Brozovsky Jiri , Mikolasek David , Parenica Premysl , Zidek Libor , Kozak Jaroslav
Published: April 2015

The paper describes the experimental tests of steel bearing elements, which were aimed at obtaining material, geometric and strength characteristics of the fillet welds. Preparation of experiment consisted in defining of numerical models of tested samples using FEM analysis and the commercial software ANSYS. Data obtained from described experimental tests are necessary for further numerical modelling of stress analysis of steel structural supporting elements.
Improvement of Two-by-Four Timber System Stiffness by Using Polyurethane Foam as a Cladding Insulation
Authors: Agel Petr , Lokaj Antonín , Klajmonova Kristyna
Published: April 2015

The article deals with a problem of racking strength and stiffness of timber based two-by-four wall systems insulated with polyurethane foam. There are racking strength and rigidity tests described in the main part of the work. Results of performed tests are compared to calculation of the racking strength according to national standard.
Operational Characteristics of Coin Type Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Fueled by Ash Free Coal
Authors: Kim Tae Kyun , Kim Yu Jeong , Lee Sang Woo , Lee Choong Gon , Wołowicz Marcin
Published: April 2015

The paper presents behavior of molten carbonate fuel cell fueled by ash free coal. Comparison between AFC and hydrogen as a fuel for MCFC is presented. Then, simulation gases expected from gasified ash free coal were investigated. The simulations were provided for different composition of gases based on results of AFC gasification. Current-voltage curves for investigated cases are presented as well as results are discussed.
Computer Aided Analysis and Prototype Testing of Nanocoated Mechanical Components
Authors: Li Jeremy Zheng
Published: April 2015

The material defects in automobile industry caused by correction can be found in different components, such as welded and fastened areas in cars and vehicles. The corrosion appears when components with different conducting properties assembled together in electrolyte substances. Different conducted materials show different potentials which will lead corrosion. The corrosion in components can cause many product problems, such as bad quality, less safety, lower energy efficiency, and higher cost. This paper analyzes the rusty mechanism and anti-corrode in regular coating and nanocoating materials via computer-aided simulation and prototype testing. Both computational simulation and sample testing displayed almost equal results that validate the credibility of analytic method proposed in this paper. Keywords: Nanocoating technology, computational simulation, corrosion control, anti-corrosion, computer-aided modeling
Mechanical Response of Aluminium Alloy AA6061 Butt-Welded Joints Subjected to Two Initial Tempers and Different Heat Treatments
Authors: Alisibramulisi A. , Lademo Odd Geir , Myhr Ole Runar , Larsen Per Kristian
Published: April 2015

Experimental studies have been carried out on butt-welded specimens of aluminium alloy AA6061. Two tempers; T4 and T6 prior to welding were investigated and the subsequent effects of natural ageing (NA) and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) were assessed. Digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to obtain full field strain measurement on the transversely loaded tensile specimens. The tensile properties of these specimens are presented in terms of response curves. In addition, hardness profiles were also obtained. Both initial tempers and heat treatments were shown to give a significant effect on the mechanical response of the welded specimens tested.
Finite Element Analysis of Stress and Strain Distribution in Gold Thin Film Deposited on Polycarbonate Substrate Subjected to Tension and Cooling
Authors: Tada Naoya , Hu Ya Fei
Published: April 2015

Thin metal films on polymeric materials have been widely used in electronic devices. Their total mechanical performance is determined by the mechanical property of each material, the thickness and size of film and substrate, their interface properties in addition to the temperature change during production and use. In this paper, stress and strain distribution of gold thin film on polycarbonate substrate subjected to tension and cooling was analyzed using the finite element method. The effect of cracking in thin film on the stress and strain distribution was also discussed.
Experimental Test of Reinforcing a Masonry Column with Fiber Reinforced Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite
Authors: Jašek Marek , Hurta Jan , Brozovsky Jiri
Published: April 2015

In construction practice, we often encounter a situation where there is overloading of the existing columns and pillars, namely due to various adaptations and extensions. Masonry columns and pillars are usually loaded with vertical forces. Overloading these structural elements leads to the crushing of masonry. To prevent the destruction of columns and pillars it is often proposed to reinforce these elements.The paper deals with the possibilities of using new innovative materials in the reinforcement of masonry columns, namely a "green" fiber cementitious composite with the so-called "strain hardening", which uses industrial waste mainly from the Moravian-Silesian Region.
Analysis of Resonant Vibration of Railway Vehicle
Authors: Gong Dao , Sun Wen Jing
Published: April 2015

A fully equipped railway vehicle dynamic model which considers the car body flexibility is established to analyze the fundamental reason of car body flexural resonance. Results show that it is the geometric filtering phenomenon rather than the natural vibration of bogie bounce that causes the car body resonant flexural vibration. The higher the vehicle running speed, the higher the first vertical bending frequency should be required.
Reliability of Timber Structure Bolt Connection Subjected to Double Unequal Shears
Authors: Musílek Josef , Kubečka Karel
Published: April 2015

The paper deals with reliability in ultimate limit state of timber structure bolted connections subjected to unequal double shear with thin plates as outer members and inner timber member. There are derived equations for calculation of the reliability of this connection type in the ultimate limit state.
Modeling of Deformation and Fracture of Concrete Structures with FRP Reinforcement
Authors: Benin Andrey , Semenov S.G. , Semenov Artem S.
Published: April 2015

Carrying capacity and fracture modes of concrete beams reinforced by different types of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) bars are analyzed experimentally and numerically. The four-point-bending test is used as a typical loading case for this purpose. Synchronous registration of loading level, displacements and strains is performed by using InstronTM servohydraulic machine, LVDT sensors, strain gauges and digital image correlation Vic3DTM system. The experimental data and results of finite element simulations are compared and discussed.
Penetration Rate of Various Injection Gels in Dependence on Wetness of Building Materials
Authors: Drochytka Rostislav , Melichar Jindřich , Dohnálek Pavel
Published: April 2015

Method of using hydroinsulating injection screens during redevelopment of wet masonry is nowadays one of the most efficient methods of treating rising wetness in old but also new buildings. One of the biggest advantages of this method is low damage to the building structure and the possibility of treating the masonry from the inside of the building. One of the aspects that has influence on injection screens functionality is wetness of treated masonry. The main object of this paper is to observe changes in the penetration rate of injection gels in dependence on wetness of building materials.
Study on the Vibration Control Based on the Piezoelectric Self-Sensing Vibration Damper
Authors: Pan Gong Yu , Wang Shen Shen
Published: April 2015

As the sensing element and a driving element for vibration control using smart materials, the structural vibration control is very active field for research and application. This paper mainly study the characteristics of piezoelectric self-sensing vibration .Through the action analysis of research on Piezoelectric Actuator establish a self-sensing piezoelectric vibration damper and a model of self-sensing piezoelectric absorber . Then through the experiment and simulation, get the study on its characteristics.
Numerical Analysis and Static Loading Test of Equipment Fixed on the Light-Weight Partition Wall
Authors: Lee Meng Chieh , Wang Ren Zuo , Lin Bing Chang , Huang Chao Hsum
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this paper is to study the nonlinear responses of equipment fixed on the light-weight partition wall (LWPW). The center-point flexure test (CPFT) and static load test of the light-weight partition wall (LWPW) are developed. The elastic modulus and support loading of three boards can be obtained from FPFT and static loading test. The LWPW finite element model using ANSYS is used to simulate the deformations of the board subjected to external forces. Numerical simulation results are very close to the experiment results. It demonstrates the accuracy of the ANSYS model.
Reliability of Vibration Transfer Path Systems
Authors: Zhao Wei , Chen Ping , Zhang Yi Min
Published: April 2015

Based on the matrix calculus, the generalized second moment technique and the stochastic finite element theory, the effective approach for the transfer reliability of vibration transfer path systems was presented. The transfer reliability of vibration transfer path systems with uncertain path parameters including mass and stiffness was analyzed theoretically and computed numerically, and the correlated mathematical expressions were obtained. Thus, it provides the theoretical foundation for the dynamic design of vibration systems in practical project, so that most uncertain factors can be considered to solve the random problems for vibration transfer path systems.
Characteristic Evaluation of Impact Sound Reduction by Floor Coverings Using Floor Impact Sound in a Test Building
Authors: Yeon Jun Oh , Kim Kyoung Woo , Yang Kwan Seop , Kim Myung Jun
Published: April 2015

Impact sound reduction under various conditions for a total of eight different types of Floor cosverings currently used in South Korea. The results of floor impact sound within the test building under bare slab conditions indicated a high reduction rate for lightweight impact sound, but poor reduction during heavyweight impact sound testing (Bang Machine, Impact Ball). However, a reduction was identified in the mid-high frequency range (315 Hz–3150 Hz) for the lightweight impact sound, as was a reduction of approximately 2 dB–3 dB at specific frequency ranges, depending on the thickness of the floor coverings, for the heavyweight impact sound on the Ondol structure.
Results of the Study Rotor Wheels Supersonic Microturbines with a Large Angle of Rotation of the Flow
Authors: Fershalov Andrey Yu. , Fershalov Mikhail Yu. , Fershalov Yuriy Ya. , Sazonov Timofey V.
Published: April 2015

The article presents the results of experimental investigations of rotor wheels supersonic microturbines with a large angle of rotation of the flow. The characteristics of the studied rotor wheels. The analysis of the results of the study ratio speed of rotor wheels, depending on the Mach number. Recommendations for the design working wheels microturbines operating at high supersonic gas flow rates.
CFD Analysis for the Turbulent Flow Distribution in a Fuel Assembly with the Split-Type Mixing Vanes by Using the Advanced Scale-Resolving Turbulence Models
Authors: Lee Gong Hee , Cheong Ae Ju
Published: April 2015

In general, the turbulent flow inside PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) fuel assembly depends on the mixing vane configuration and the pattern of the mixing vane arrangement on the strap of the spacer grid. In this study, in order to examine the turbulent flow structure inside fuel assembly with the split-type mixing vanes, simulations were conducted with the commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software, ANSYS CFX R.14. Two different types of turbulence models, i.e. SAS (Scale-Adaptive Simulation)-SST (Shear Stress Transport) and DES (Detached Eddy Simulation), were used. The predicted results were compared with the measured data from the MATiS-H (Measurement and Analysis of Turbulent Mixing in Subchannels-Horizontal) test facility. Although there were locally differences between the prediction and the measurement, ANSYS CFX R.14 predicted the time averaged velocity field in the reliable level. The predicted horizontal and vertical velocity components were more in agreement with the measured data than the axial velocity component. There was no significant difference in the prediction accuracy of both turbulence models.
Twin Shaft Rotor System Vibration Damping Experimental Investigation
Authors: Nikhamkin M.Sh. , Semenov S.V. , Mekhonoshin G.V. , Semenova I.V. , Sazhenkov N.A.
Published: April 2015

The influence of dry friction damping on twin shaft model test rig vibration experimental investigation is presented. Experimental investigation method is devised and tested at the work. Dry and Coulomb friction damper is developed. The efficiency of damping is evaluated quantitatively via rotor shaft vibration displacements amplitude determining.
Air-Fuel Ozonation System for a Combustion Engine Addressing an Environmental Target
Authors: Poluyanovich Nikolay K. , Burkov Dmitry V. , Rassoha Dmitry P. , Dubyago Marina N.
Published: April 2015

The summary of results obtained in experimental studies to convert oxygen into ozone is discussed. The dependence of oxygen and ozone fuel burning is observed and optimized. The ozonation structure system for a combustion engine (CE) is developed. Adaptive automation system strategy is devised. The prototype model of ozone-ventilating device for a combustion engine fuel system is developed. The system is installed in the combustion engine. The analysis of exhaust gas concentration is performed applying an ozonizer and without it.
Ensuring Maximum Stability Degree in the Systems with Interval Parameters
Authors: Ezangina Tatiana Al. , Gayvoronskiy Sergey An.
Published: April 2015

The robust control system objects with interval-undermined parameters is considers in this paper. Initial information about the system is its characteristic polynomial with interval coefficients. On the basis of coefficient estimations of quality indices and criterion of the maximum stability degree, the methods of synthesis of a robust regulator parametric is developed.
Diagnostics of Resistance Coefficients and Cavitation of Flow Control Valve
Authors: Jablonská Jana , Kozubková Milada
Published: April 2015

The paper deals with the determination of characteristic as dependence of the valve pressure drop on the flow rate, flow characteristic and cavitation conditions in case of water flow in the flow control valve. Emphasis is put on the utilization of simple, available relationships and measuring for identification of the basic valve coefficients, e.g. loss coefficient, flow rate coefficient and cavitation factor. These coefficients are used for designing of pipe circuits. In this paper there is defined methodology for determining those coefficients and is applied to the modified cone of flow control valve for verification the linear flow characteristic. It is necessary to consider the fact that in various countries the modifications of coefficients are preferred and it is therefore necessary to specify them.
Pyrolysis of Imperata cylindrica with Varies Parameters and its Characterization
Authors: Fatin M.H. , Noriman N.Z. , Salihin M.Z. , Munirah N.R. , OMAR MOHD FIRDAUS
Published: April 2015

This study was undertaken to characterize pyrolysis of novel biobased invasive weed from ImperataCylindrica. The effects of various temperatures on the pyrolysis stages were characterised. Different operational parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, heating rate temperature are studied. Pyrolysis experiment of groud ImperataCylindrica was performed at temperature 350°C, 550°C and 750°C, and particle size of 0-125μm and heating rate of 5°C/min and 15°C/min. The synthesis carbonaceous was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and different physical properties such as carbon yield, Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen (CHN analysis), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was determined. It is observable that pyrolysis at the 15°C / min with 750°C shows that higher temperature produced a higher carbon yield and higher carbon content.
Mechanical Behaviour of CoCrMo Alloy with Si Content
Authors: Vizureanu Petrică , Minciună Mirabela Georgiana , Achiţei Dragos , Sandu Andrei Victor , Kamarudin Hussin
Published: April 2015

. The paper present aspects about the obtaining of non-precious dental alloys (type CoCrMo and CoCrMoSi7), the determination of chemical composition by optical emission spectrometry and the experimental tests for determining the tensile strength, made on standard plate samples. The base material used in experiments was a commercial alloy, from CoCrMo system, which belongs to the class of dental non-precious alloys, intended to medical applications. The obtaining of studied alloy was made on arc re-melting installation, under vacuum, type MRF ABJ 900. The process followed to realize a rapid melting, with a maximum admissible current intensity. The samples for tests were obtained by casting in an electric arc furnace, under vacuum, in optimal conditions for melting and solidification and processing by electro-erosion, to eliminate all the disturbing factors which come by processing conditions for the samples. The determination of chemical composition for cobalt based alloys, by optical emission spectrometry, was made on SpectromaxX equipment with spark. The electrical discharge is made with the elimination of an energy quantity, fact which determine plasma forming and light issue. Tensile tests for standard samples, made from cobalt based alloy, was made on Instron 3382 testing machine, and assisted by computer. The obtained results are: elongation, elasticity modulus, tensile strength and offer complete information about the analyzed mechanical properties. For the certitude of obtained experimental results, the tests were made on samples with specific dimensions according ISO 6892-1:2009(E) standard, both for the tensile strength, and also machine operation.
Antibacterial Activity of Different Biomass Components of Cerbera odollam and their Potential to Be Used as New Preservative for Wood Based Products
Authors: Mohamad Amini Mohd Hazim , Hashim Rokiah , Sulaiman Nurul Syuhada , Sulaiman O. , Sulaiman S.F. , Abood F. , Kawamura F. , Wahab R. , Mohamed M. , Mat Rasat Mohd Sukhairi
Published: April 2015

Cerbera
odollam’s tree parts were extracted with methanol and further fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol, followed by antibacterial assay against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hexane soluble parts from flower, fruit, leaf, wood, bark and ethyl acetate soluble part from bark showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Hexane soluble parts from leaf and bark and ethyl acetate soluble parts from wood showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus licheniformis. All fractions appeared ineffective on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Screened extracts were analysed using FTIR. Experiments were continued with impregnation of methanolic extracts of Cerbera odollam into Melamine-urea formaldehyde (MUF) particleboards, Phenol-resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) particleboards and solid wood samples followed by exposure to wood-boring beetles and natural decaying.
Corrosion Studies of Gadolinium Based Anodic Coating on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy for Biomedical Implant
Authors: Nurul Atirah M.N. , Badari Siti Norbahiyah Mohamad , Mukridz M.M. , Sanuddin A.B. , Sa’adah A. , Zamzuri M.Z.M.
Published: April 2015

Magnesium alloys with their biodegradable characteristics can be a very good candidate to be used in biomedical implants. AZ91D magnesium alloy had been chosen for investigating the effect of gadolinium concentration on corrosion performance. AZ91D magnesium alloy was immersed in La (NO3)3, Mg (NO3)2, and Gd (NO3)3 in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The structure and formation mechanism of the coating are discussed in detail through surface morphology, corrosion rate and electrochemical test. The effects of gadolinium in different concentration on the corrosion performance of magnesium substrate are investigated.
Corrosion Behavior of Porous Mg Alloy in Simulated Body Fluid
Authors: Nurul Husna Z. , Lee Chang Chuan , Norbahiyah Siti , Sanuddin A.B. , Zamzuri M.Z.
Published: April 2015

Magnesium (Mg) alloy possess a high demand in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However the main limitation for Mg alloy is their fast degradation rates in physiological environment. This paper reports the preparation of porous Mg alloy through powder metallurgy technique by using ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) as space holder material and hexane as solvent. The corrosion behavior and degradation rate of porous Mg alloy was measured after 24h, 96h and 168h respectively of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) with compact Mg alloy as control. The results reported that degradation rate increased with increasing immersion period, yet the compact Mg alloy shows better degradation rate than porous Mg alloy. Moreover, the pH of SBF changed proportional to immersion period and stabilized after 96h of immersion.
Optimization of Linoleic Acid Monoepoxidation Condition from Malaysian Jatropha curcas Using Central Composite Design (CCD)
Authors: Abdullah Rozaini , Salimon Jumat , Ahmad Anis Atikah
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to optimize the monoepoxidation process of linoleic acid obtained from Malaysian Jatropha curcas oil using central composite design (CCD). There were four independent variable factors had been studied which involved reaction temperature (X1), reaction time (X2), catalyst loading (X3) and H2O2 concentration (X4). Thirty experiments were carried out based on the experimental design responses obtained. The results showed that the optimum condition was obtained at catalyst loading of 0.11% (w/w) methyltrioxorhernium (VII) (MTO), H2O2 mole of 99%, reaction temperature of 58.41oC for 5 hours. The central composite design was proven to be simpler method, time saving and required less samples compared to the conventional method.
Nanostructured Copper Coating Used as Textured Structure for cBN and TiN Hard Phase Deposition
Authors: Samoila Cornel , Ursuțiu Doru , Dudită Mihaela , Jinga Vlad , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa
Published: April 2015

In the case of cutting tools, the temperature of both the cutting tool and the part are decreased during the machining process by the use of cutting fluids, which are expensive, can be toxic and produce a significant waste stream. Coatings for cutting tools can be an effective approach to solve this problem. This paper will present a developed technology by a group of researchers from “Transilvania” University of Brașov, through which the copper`s surface will be nanostructurated at a nanometric scale in such a manner, for creating nodular structures. This technology is simple, easy for implementation, not so expensive and it`s results are proper for cutting tools coatings usage.
Investigation of Nanostructure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline NiZnCu Ferrites Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Pransisco Prengki , Shafie Afza , Guan Beh Hoe
Published: April 2015

Nanocrystalline material of ferrites with composition Ni0.5Zn0.35Cu0.15Fe2O4 was successfully synthesized by sol-gel method. This paper investigates nanostructure and magnetic properties of nanocrystaline material Ni0.5Zn0.35Cu0.15Fe2O4. Crystallite size, intensity,d-spacing and lattice parameters of material were investigated by using X-Ray diffractometer (XRD). While nanostructure, size, shape, surface morphology and topography of Ni0.5Zn0.35Cu0.15Fe2O4 were examined by variable pressure field emission scanning electron microscope (VP-FESEM) SUPRA 55VP. Magnetic properties was investigated using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). According to thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) result, it was found that after temperature 600oC there is no more weight loss detected and it was considered as minimum calcination temperature. XRD result shows that the samples is in single-phase cubic spinel structure. Crystallite size of the material is in range of 42.3-163.7nm. Highest intensity was 88.89 arb.units at highest calcination temperature 900oC. The value of d-spacing and FWHM decrease with increasing calcination temperature. Lattice paramenters decrease in the range of 8.4040-8.2458oA. VP-FESEM analysis shows that grain size increase by increasing calcination temperature. Grain size of the material is in the range of 47.6-506.9nm with cubic structure of the Ni0.5Zn0.35Cu0.15Fe2O4. VSM result shows that the highest value of magnetic saturation was at 152.8emu/g. The best value of coercive force (Hc) was in 31.8Oe and magnetic remanence (Mr) was in 2.6emu/g.
The Study on Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Blended with Recycled Nitrile Gloves (EPDM/NBRr)
Authors: Norhafizah Z. , Noriman N.Z. , Sam S.T. , Hanafi Ismail , OMAR MOHD FIRDAUS
Published: April 2015

Most of the polymeric materials blending together with recycled waste rubber powder attributed to the economical and processing advantages for product specification. Therefore, the effect of curing characteristics, hardness and crosslink density of ethylene propylene diene monomer/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (EPDM/NBRr) blends were studied. The EPDM/NBRr blends were prepared at four different compositions (95/5, 85/15, 75/25 and 65/35) with two different sizes (S1: 250-500μm and S2: 3-10cm) of NBRr. Results indicated that the scorch time t2, cure time t90, and maximum torque (MH) for both EPDM/NBRr (S1) and EPDM/NBRr (S2) decreased, but the minimum torque (ML) increased.The increase of NBRr content in EPDM/NBRr leads to the increase in hardness and consequently decreases the crosslinking density of the blends. The incorporation of 15phr of S1 recycled NBRr appeared to better overall properties.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid MWCNT-Alumina Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Zakaria Muhammad Razlan , Akil Hazizan Md. , Abdul Kudus Muhammad Helmi , Thirmizir Mohd Zharif Ahmad
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the multi-scale hybridization of carbon nanotube (CNT) with microparticles in polymers which offers new opportunity to develop high performance multifunctional composites. The hybrid carbon nanotube-alumina (CNT-Al2O3) compound was synthesized via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) by direct growth of CNT on alumina particles. This hybrid CNT-Al2O3 compound was incorporated into the epoxy matrix at various filler loadings (i.e., 1–5%) and compared to physically mixed CNT-Al2O3. The CNT-Al2O3 hybrid epoxy composites showed higher hardness compared to the CNT-Al2O3 physically mixed epoxy composites. This enhancement was associated with the homogenous dispersion of CNT-Al2O3 hybrid compound in the epoxy matrix.
Correlation between Na2SiO3/NaOH and NaOH Molarity to Flexural Strength of Geopolymer Ceramic
Authors: Jaya Nur Ain , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi , Binhussain M. , Kamarudin Hussin , Ahmad Romisuhani , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya
Published: April 2015

Clay based geopolymer ceramic were produced through the geopolymerisation process by the alkali activation of kaolin with an activator solution which is mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide and undergoes heating at elevated temperature. The concentration of NaOH used in this study was in the range of 6 M-12 M. The ratio of kaolin to alkaline activator used is 1.0. Three different ratios of Na2SiO3/NaOH of 0.16, 0.24 and 0.32 were used to investigate the optimum flexural strength. The samples were cured at 80 °C for 24 hours and sintered at temperatures ranging from 900 °C-1200 °C. The optimum flexural strength of 86.833 MPa is obtained when the ratios of Na2SiO3/NaOH is 0.24 with the NaOH concentration of 12M at 1200 °C.
Tensile Properties and Morphology of Low Linear Density Polyethylene/Kapok Husk Eco-Composites
Authors: binti Arshad Nurul Fatin Syazwani , Husseinsyah Salmah , Ying Lim Bee
Published: April 2015

This research focused on the utilization of kapok husk (KH) as filler in low linear density polyethylene (LLDPE). The effect of filler content on tensile properties and morphology of LLDPE/KH eco-composites were investigated. The eco-composites were prepared by using Brabender Plasticiser EC Plus at temperature 160 °C and rotor speed 50 rpm. The results indicated that the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with KH content increased. However, the modulus of elasticity increased with increasing of KH content. The morphology study of eco-composites exhibit poor interfacial adhesion between KH and LLDPE.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Copper-Zinc Alloy Composite
Authors: Saad Shahrizam , Pa Faizul Che , Zaki Ruhiyuddin Mohd , Murizam Darus , Noorina Hidayu Jamil
Published: April 2015

Powder metallurgy technique were proved successful net-shape technology which suitable for the production of steel parts characterised by good physical and mechanical properties of MMCs. The aim of this work is to study the effect of the sintering temperature with different volume ratio of natural carbon fibers reinforced copper-zinc alloy via powder metallurgy route. In this study, water hyacinth was used as a natural carbon fiber to replace tin element. The samples were mixed in different volume fraction of natural carbon fiber which is 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% in constant composition of copper alloy (70Cu/30Zn). The mixture was consolidated into rigid die compaction at 300MPa, then sintered at 400, 550 and 750°C respectively in the furnace under Argon atmospheric pressure at a flow rate of 50ml/min for 2h and cooled down naturally under Argon gas protection. Vickers hardness test were investigated. The composite were then characterized using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The copper alloy composite reinforced with 10% carbon fiber at 550°C shows highest hardness strength which is about 112.0 HV.
Corn Stalk Filled Low Density Polyethylene Bio Composites: Influence Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polyetylene
Authors: Husseinsyah Salmah , Ismail Azimah , Osman Hakimah
Published: April 2015

The effect of corn stalk content and compatibilizer on tensile properties and morphology of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)/Corn Stalk (CS) biocomposites was studied. The results found that the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased, but Young’s modulus increased with increasing CS content. The dispersion and interfacial adhesion between the CS filler and thermoplastic were important factors affecting the tensile properties of composites system. In order to improve the compatibility and interfacial adhesion, maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) as compatibilizer was added into LDPE/CS biocomposites. The addition of MAPE has enhanced tensile properties and interfacial interaction between CS and LDPE biocomposites, as demonstrated in SEM study.
Effects of Epoxidized Nature Rubber on High Density Polyethylene/Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber/Banana Skin Powder Composites
Authors: Santiagoo Ragunathan , Ting Sam Sung , Abdul Ghani Azlinda , Hanafi Ismail , Mislan Awiezan
Published: April 2015

The compatibilizer effect of ENR-50 on the tensile properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/banana skin powder (BSP)/ composites has been studies. HDPE/NBRr/BSP composites were prepared by melt mixing technique using twin-screw at 180 °C for 9 minutes at rotor speed 50 rpm. The six different composites studied were 100/0/5, 80/20/5, 70/30/5, 60/40/5, 50/50/5, and 40/60/5. As for compatibilized composite a fix 5 wt% of ENR-50 was evaluated. The specimens were analysed for tensile strength and elongation at break (Eb). The results showed that tensile strength and the elongation at break were decreases with the increasing of NBRr loading. However for ENR-50 compatibilized composites, higher tensile strength and elongation at break was recorded. The ENR-50 was found to be an excellent compatibilizer for HDPE/NBRr/BSP composites.
Kaolin-Based Geopolymer Filled Epoxy-Layered Silicates: Compressive Properties
Authors: Mat Daud Yusrina , Kamarudin Hussin , Ruzaidi Che Mohd , Osman Azlin Fazlin , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Binhussain Mohammed
Published: April 2015

The present work aimed to study the effects of kaolin-based geopolymers in epoxy-layered silicate nanocomposites using a compressive test. A series of nanocomposites with kaolin-based geopolymers containing 1-7 phr content were prepared. A qualitative evaluation of the three-dimensional shape of a kaolin-based geopolymer surface and origin was characterised using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was discovered that the addition of kaolin based geopolymer at the beginning, in low phr content, displayed a lower compressive strength than nanocomposites without kaolin based geopolymer filled. However, the compressive properties unexpectedly increased at 3phr of kaolin geopolymer content compared to nanocomposites without kaolin. This illustrated that the incorporation of kaolin geopolymers in the nanocomposite system can potentially improved the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin, thereby needs further exploration.
Sidoarjo Mud-Based Lightweight Mortar Using Foaming Agent and Aluminum Powder
Authors: Triwulan Triwulan , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya , Andik Jatmiko , Boby Dean Pahlevi
Published: April 2015

Lightweight concrete is generally used particularly at high-rise buildings in order to reduce the risk of earthquake. It is common that lightweight concrete is made with less Portland Cement associated with pozzolanic material as a binder. In this paper, calcined-Sidoarjo mud was identified as pozzolanic material as cement substitution. The mud contains SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 and to be expected it has properties as a potential pozzolanic material. Paste and mortar as specimens made from mixtures of calcined-Sidoarjo mud, fly ash, lime, portland cement and natural sand. The specimens were then mixed with a commercial chemical foaming agent and Aluminum powder as aerating agents. The results showed that test paste specimens using chemical foam showed higher compressive strength and density than those of using aluminum powder. Lightweight paste made with chemical foam has compressive strength of 10.7 Mpa with density of 1133kg/m3. Moreover, the specimens of lightweight mortar had the compressive strength of 4.8 MPa, and the density of 1154.7kg/m3. Lightweight paste specimens using aluminum powder had a compressive strength of 2.8 Mpa with density of 1013kg/m3, while lightweight mortar specimens showed compressive strength of 2.4 MPa, and the density was 966kg/m3.
New Concrete with Recycled Aggregates from Leftover Concrete
Authors: Corbu Ofelia , Puskás Attila , Sandu Andrei Victor , Ioani Adrian M. , Kamarudin Hussin , Sandu Ioan Gabriel
Published: April 2015

We live in an era where people should be more aware of pollution and its consequences. The present paper reveals a way protecting the environment while producing high quality concrete. What make this type of concrete environmentally friendly are the recycled aggregates in the concrete composition amongst with eliminating the ecological impact by saving large amounts of natural aggregates resources. Recycling concrete comes with many other advantages that lead to waste reduction, economy in waste transportation and storage taxes, which are becoming increasingly expensive. This research is based on mix design and experimental tests carried out on C20/25 strength class concrete with uncontaminated leftover concrete aggregates (LCAgg). It reveals favorable results in order to militate for recycled concrete aggregate uses in regular concrete strength classes respectively for common structural elements, mainly for slabs. River sand (0/4 mm) and coarse aggregates (4/8 mm and 8/16 mm): natural sources or recycled concrete type-alternatively used in several mixes-were utilized in concrete mixes.
The Influence of Chloride Environment on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete with Fly Ash Using Taguchi Approach
Authors: Bayuaji Ridho , Sigit Darmawan Muhammad , Wibowo Boedi , Ahmad Husin Nur , Subekti Srie , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya
Published: April 2015

This study is conducted to determine the effect of four variables on compressive strength of geopolymer concretes. These four variables are binder/aggregate, Alkalinene/fly ash, effect of superplasticizer (SP) addition and curing system. The compressive strength is important mechanical properties for construction material. Taguchi experimental design method is used to compile the concrete composition of geopolymer to achieve the maximum compressive strength. Specimens concrete used is a cylinder with 100 mm diameter and 200 mm height. Compressive strength test is performed at 28 day using SNI 03-6825-2002, Indonesian National Standard. This study concludes that the chloride environment has a beneficial effect on the compressive strength of the concrete. In addition, the Alkalinene/fly ash ratio and binder/aggregate give a significant effect on the compressive strength of geopolymer concretes.
Influence of Thermally Activated Alum Sludge Ash on the near Surface Characteristics of Multiple-Blended Binders Concretes
Authors: Owaid Haider Mohammed , Hamid Roszilah , Taha Mohd Raihan
Published: April 2015

This research presents the results of an investigation on the influence of thermally activated alum sludge ash (AASA) as a partial cement replacement on the near-surface characteristics of binary and ternary blended binder (TBB) concretes incorporating silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and palm oil fuel ash (POFA). All of the mixtures were prepared with a water/binder ratio and total binder content of 0.30 and 493 kg/m3, respectively. Initial surface absorption (ISAT) and sorptivity tests were conducted at the age of 28 days. Results indicate decrease in the ISAT and sorptivity values of binary blended binders with 15% AASA cement replacement compared with the control and 20% AASA concretes. A higher replacement level of 20% AASA did not help improve inner core durability but improved surface durability characteristics. All TBB concretes performed better than the binary blends with AASA at the same replacement levels.
Axial Load Behavior of Acomposite Wall Strengthened with an Embedded Octagon Cold-Formed Steel
Authors: Jasim Hilo Salam , Wan Badaruzzaman Wan Hamidon , Osman Siti Aminah , Al Zand Ahmed W.
Published: April 2015

This study investigates the axial load behavior of an existing composite wall consists of a double-skinned profiled steel sheet in-filled with normal concrete. Three different composite walls in three-dimensional finite element models were developed, i.e. profiled steel sheet (PSS), core concrete, and the full composite wall system. The models were simulated and compared with the experimental results published by other researchers. Studies are then carried out on different effect of varying the PSS thicknesses, an embedded octagon cold-formed steel (CFS) thickness, and an embedded octagon CFS supported by two stiffeners with different shapes. As a result, the ultimate axial load of the composite wall was increased by approximately 3.3% when PSS thickness changed from 0.8 mm to 1.0mm. Meanwhile, the ultimate axial load was also increased by 17% and 55% when an embedded octagon CFS with thicknesses of 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm were used. Lastly, the ultimate axial load was raised by 54% and 78% when an L-shaped and a T-shaped stiffener were added.
Bond Strength Characteristic of Concrete Patch Repair Material Made from Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR)-Mortar
Authors: Adi Kristiawan Stefanus , Bekti Prakoso Ageng
Published: April 2015

Patch repair materials made from unsaturated polyester resin (UPR)-mortar have been investigated to determine their bond strength characteristic by slant shear test method. The relative mechanical properties of UPR-mortar and substrate concrete for composing the specimens are: lower modular and high strength ratio. The experimental results show that the combination of materials causes the observed bond strength are dictated by failure of substrate concrete. The actual bond strength could be higher as most of the specimens fail without separation of the UPR-mortar and substrate concrete at the bond plane.
A Review of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Lightweight Bricks
Authors: Wan Ibrahim Wan Mastura , Kamarudin Hussin , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Abdul Kadir Aeslina , Binhussain Mohammed
Published: April 2015

This paper offers a review on production of fly ash-based geopolymer bricks.Bricks are the world’s most versatile, durable and reliable construction material.Conventional bricks are produced from clay with high temperature kiln firing or from ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete,and thus contain high embodied energy and have large carbon footprint. In many areas of the world,there is already a shortage of natural source material for production of the conventional bricks. For environmentalprotection and sustainable development, extensive research has been conducted on productionof bricks from waste materials.Fly ash is a waste material of coal firing thermal plants and its accumulation near power plants causes severe pollution problems. Therefore, its utilization as a raw material for brick making will be a very beneficial solution in terms of economic and environmental aspects.