bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF PERCUTANEOUS AND INTRAABDOMINAL BLOCKADES OF ILIOHYPOGASTRIC AND ILIOINGUINAL NERVES FOR POSTOPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT OF TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: DÜGER Cevdet , AVCI Onur , BOZTOSUN Abdullah , İSBİR Cemil , ÖZDEMİR KOL İclal , KAYGUSUZ Kenan , GÜRSOY Sinan
Published: December 2022

Study Objective: In this study we aimed to determine whether iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve blockade from intraabdominal approach for the postoperative pain management of total abdominal hysterectomy patients could be a reliable and effective alternative compared to percutaneous block of IHII nerves.

Design: This study is a randomised controlled double blind prospective clinical trial.

Setting: This study was conducted in operating room, and recordings were performed in postoperative recovery unit and gynaecology clinic.

Patients: Eighty seven women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy were enrolled in this study but 82 completed the study. Patients were divided into three groups (n=29 in each), as control group (group C), percutaneous IHII block group (group PB) and intraabdominal IHII block group (group IB).

Interventions: Group C patients received no block procedure. The percutaneous bilateral IHII nerves block was performed after abdominal closure to group PB and intraabdominal IHII block was performed before abdominal closure to group IB.

Measurements: Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, pain scores, satisfaction scores, morphine consumptions and side effects were recorded at the 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th postoperative hours.

Main Results: Postoperative MAP, HR results of control group were found similar in all groups. VAS scores at all postoperative hours were found to be significantly lower in the block groups PB an IB than control group. There were no significant differences in pain scores between group PB and IB at any time point. Morphine consumption data were found to be significantly lower in the PB and IB groups than in the control group.

Conclusions: Intraabdominal IHII blockade just before closure of the abdomen for relieving postoperative pain in total abdominal hysterectomy patients is as effective and safe method as conventional percutaneous IHII blockade without adverse effects.
The Relationship Between Anemia and Mortality in Elderly COVID 19 Patients
Authors: TAŞTEMUR Mercan , ARIK Güneş , HEYBELİ Hilal , SELVİ ÖZTORUN Hande , SİLAY Kamile , ATEŞ İhsan , HASTÜRK Denizcan , ÇAĞIR Büşra Betül , TUNA DOĞRUL Rana , ARAS Atacan , ÖZENÇ Erhan
Published: December 2022

Background: COVID 19 continues to affect the whole world with its different presentations and unenlightened aspects.Older patients are the group most at risk. Low hemoglobin levels contribute to hypoxia during COVID 19 infection and increase the risk of complications, especially in risky groups. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of anemia and its effect on mortality in geriatric COVID 19 patients.

Materials and Methods: Data of 251 patients over the age of 65 who were followed up in the Internal Medicine services allocated for COVID 19 of our hospital between August and October 2020, were included in the study. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level of 13 mg/dl in men and below 12 mg/dl in women at the time of admission. Demographic and laboratory data of the patients and hemoglobin levels were compared.

Results: The mean age of 251 COVID-19 patients included in the study was 75.6±7.6 years. 45.8% (n:115) of the patients were female and 54.2% (n:136). While 51.8% of the patients had anemia, the presence of anemia was found to be 67.9% in patients who died due to COVID 19. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, advanced age (OR=1.082; 95% CI=1.03-1.137; p=0.002), presence of anemia (OR=1.969; 95% CI=1.113-4.246; p=0.034),hypertension (OR =5.763; 95% CI=1.713-19.389; p=0.005), dementia (OR=3.614; 95% CI=1.128-11.578; p=0.031) were determined as independent risk factors predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Conclusion: Advance age, presence of anemia, hypertension and dementia has been found as İndependant risk factors for mortality in COVID 19 infection in our study. In elderly Covid 19 patients hemoglobin levels at admission may be helpful in predicting mortality.
Yb:CaYAlO4 regenerative amplifier
Authors: Wang Ge-Yang , Bai Chuan , Mai Hai-Jing , Zheng Li , Tian Xuan , Yu Yang , Tian Wen-Long , Xu Xiao-Dong , Wei Zhi-Yi , Zhu Jiang-Feng ,   School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China,   Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China,   Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
Published: December 2022

Attosecond science is one of the driving forces for developing the femtosecond amplifiers of high average power and ultrashort pulse duration. In this work, the regenerative amplification is studied experimentally and theoretically based on Yb:CaYAlO4 crystal for the practical needs of high-repetition-rate attosecond light sources. In the theoretical study, a mode-tunable regenerative cavity with good thermal stability is designed based on the thermal lens calculations of Yb:CaYAlO4 crystal; the amplified output energy and spectra of π and σ polarization of the crystal are calculated. In the experiment, the π-axis of Yb:CaYAlO4 crystal is parallel to the laser polarization, and the laser amplifier emits 1.61 mJ pulses with average power 16.1 W. Notably, the dip of the π-polarization emission spectrum near 1025.1 nm compensates for the gain narrowing of the seed laser during amplification. Thus, the center wavelength and the spectral full width at a half maximum of the amplified laser are 1030 nm and 16 nm respectively. Using a grating-pair for compression, 149 fs pulses with peak power 9.5 GW are obtained. In comparison, the σ-polarization emission spectrum of Yb:CaYAlO4 crystal is relatively flat in a range from 1000 to 1050 nm, but with a larger gain cross-section. When the laser polarization is parallel to the σ-axis of Yb:CaYAlO4 crystal, 2.87 mJ pulses at 10 kHz repetition rate are achieved, with an average power of 28.7 W. In this case, the center wavelength and the spectral full width at half maximum of the amplified laser are 1037 nm and 11 nm respectively. Using a grating-pair for compression, 178 fs pulses with peak power of 14.2 GW are obtained. The beam quality factor measured is 1.09 along the x-axis of the amplified laser and 1.17 along the y-axis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power and the maximum pulse energy obtained from the Yb:CaYAlO4 amplifier. For applications in high-repetition-rate attosecond light sources, terahertz generation and optical parametric amplification, subsequent laser outputs with average power 200 W, pulse energy 20 mJ and pulse duration less than 200 fs are expected to be achieved by adding two stages of traveling-wave amplification.
Protein composition of axonal dopamine release sites in the striatum
Authors: Kershberg Lauren , Banerjee Aditi , Kaeser Pascal S
Published: December 2022

Dopamine is an important modulator of cognition and movement. We recently found that evoked dopamine secretion is fast and relies on active zone-like release sites. Here, we used in vivo biotin identification (iBioID) proximity proteomics in mouse striatum to assess which proteins are present at these sites. Using three release site baits, we identified proteins that are enriched over the general dopamine axonal protein content, and they fell into several categories, including active zone, Ca2+ regulatory, and synaptic vesicle proteins. We also detected many proteins not previously associated with vesicular exocytosis. Knockout of the presynaptic organizer protein RIM strongly decreased the hit number obtained with iBioID, while Synaptotagmin-1 knockout did not. α-Synuclein, a protein linked to Parkinson’s disease, was enriched at release sites, and its enrichment was lost in both tested mutants. We conclude that RIM organizes scaffolded dopamine release sites and provide a proteomic assessment of the composition of these sites.
Análise de indicadores financeiros e operacionais utilizados na avaliação de desempenho de empresas não-financeiras listadas na B3
Authors: Ferreira Netto Miguel Tavares , Rossetti Nara , Meirelles Jorge Luis Faria
Published: December 2022

A presente pesquisa procura analisar quais são os indicadores financeiros e operacionais que mais impactam no desempenho de empresas não-financeiras listadas na B3.Utilizou-se para este fim o método estatístico de análise fatorial, capaz de estabelecer a partir de análises quantitativas as relações e comportamentos dos dados estudados. Os indicadores selecionados para o estudo foram: margem bruta, margem líquida, retorno sobre patrimônio líquido, retorno sobre ativo, ativo total, liquidez corrente, liquidez geral, grau de endividamento, endividamento total, margem EBITDA, margem EBIT e giro do ativo. Com os resultados expressados, foi percebido que os indicadores de rentabilidade são os maiores responsáveis pelo desempenho financeiro (com cerca de 48% da variância registrada), seguido dos indicadores de liquidez (23%). Com relação à perspectiva operacional, não foi possível uma análise contundente, pelo fato de que os resultados obtidos pelos indicadores selecionados foram invalidados dentro do modelo.
Planejamento e qualidade da gestão no âmbito do Serviço Único de Saúde - SUS: desafios no município de São Luís – MA
Authors: Abas Lívia Moreira Lima , Diniz Dalciney Maximo , Fonseca e Fonseca Paulo Roberto Campelo , De Campos Priscila Uchoa , Bandeira Nehemias Pinto , Pacheco Marcos Antônio Barbosa , Silva Marcos Moura
Published: December 2022

Introdução: A implementação do SUS representou um aumento das atividades e serviços de saúde existentes e oferecidos à população. E a gestão do sistema de saúde torna-se de fundamental importância, acima de tudo, seus processos de planejamento. Neste sentido, a trajetória do Decreto 7.508/2011 que regulamenta a Lei de Saúde Orgânica (Lei nº 8.080/1990) revela um caminho marcado pelo esforço de melhorar o planejamento dentro do sistema. Com isso, algumas ferramentas formais de intervenção administrativa para qualificar a gestão do SUS tornaram-se evidentes. Considerando a relevância do tema abordado e o contexto do problema de pesquisa, a questão é: como a administração municipal de São Luís - MA dentro do SUS pode qualificar seu processo de planejamento? Objetivo: Discutir o conhecimento dos gestores sobre planejamento na gestão municipal. Material e Método: Este é um estudo exploratório, cuja abordagem do problema é qualitativa. A amostra é não-probabilística, intencional por conveniência, e o instrumento de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semi-estruturada. Este entendimento do cenário foi possível a partir das declarações das pessoas entrevistadas, mas também a partir da observação dos participantes do autor. Os gerentes foram entrevistados em abril de 2021, e a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo foi utilizada na modalidade proposta por Gomes e Minayo (2015) Resultados: As categorias de análise: Percepção sobre Gestão; Qualificação de Pessoas e Conhecimento das Normas do SUS. A pesquisa mostrou um contexto de gestão municipal que ainda carece de planejamento que fortalece e qualifica os processos de trabalho.
Foetomaternal Outcome in Pregnancy with Burn Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ambedkar Diksha , Kumar Vijay , Yadav Yogesh Kumar , Sharma Rina , Mishra Charu
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Pregnancy is a state of an altered physiological process, and a burn injury during pregnancy, serves as an additive factor to this stressful state, such that it can directly or indirectly affect the feto-maternal outcome. Aim: To find out the effects of burn injury in pregnant females, in terms of maternal and foetal outcomes. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study, done in collaboration with the Department of Surgery at Rajashri Dashrath Autonomous State Medical College, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India, from September 2019 to November 2021, on 22 pregnant patients. All 22 confirmed cases of pregnancy with burn injury were included. Cases were evaluated in terms of age-wise distribution, parity, gestational age/ trimester of pregnancy, cause of burn injury, Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) distribution, the relation of TBSA distribution with foetal and maternal mortality, and events associated with the burn injury. Data was analysed using trial version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Results: Mean age of pregnant patients with burns was 25.22±2.3 years. Thirteen (59.09%) patients with burn injuries were married for one to three years, incidence was more in primigravidae 14 (63.63%). Domestic violence and suicide attempts accounted for 12 (54.54%) cases. Kerosene and gas explosions were a major cause of burn injury, that is 16 (72.72%)and 5 (22.72%) respectively. Sixteen (72.72%) patients had burns with TBSA between 31-50%. Foetal mortality was 15 (68.18%) and maternal mortality was 14 (63.63%). Conclusion: Feto-maternal outcome was directly related to TBSA involved in burns. Illiteracy, and cultural practices like the use of earthen lamps, wood, and charcoal used for cooking, were some of the important causes of burn injury.
WPŁYW INSTALACJI FOTOWOLTAICZNYCH NA STAN PRACY SIECI DYSTRYBUCYJNEJ
Authors: KURDYŁA Rafał
Published: December 2022

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów związane z wpływem instalacji fotowoltaicznych na pracę sieci dystrybucyjnej nN. Na wstępie artykuł omawia zagadnienia związane ze skokami oraz zapadami napięć generowanymi przez rozpoczęcie procedury oddawania wyprodukowanej przez instalacje fotowoltaiczne energii elektrycznej do sieci. W punktach tych ukazano rzędy wartości skoków oraz napięćw sieci dystrybucyjnej. Kolejno przedstawione zostały wskaźniki PST (z ang. wskaźnik krótkiego migotania światła) oraz PLT (z ang. wskaźnik długiego migotania światła), które negatywnie wpływają na komfort odbiorcy. W kolejnej części zaprezentowane zostało RVC (z ang. szybkie zmiany napięcia) wielofazowe, czyli szybkie zmiany wartości napięcia zasilania. W punkcie tym przestawiono częstotliwość występowania oraz wartości napięć przy gwałtownych jego zmianach. W ostatniej części poruszono kwestię przerw wielofazowych, przy tym przedstawiono i omówiono, jak niekorzystnie wpływają one na urządzenia użytku domowego. W celu zbierania danych z analizatorów wykorzystany został zainstalowany na obiekcie analizator sieci SONEL PQM-702, który pozwolił na zebranie dużej liczby wartości pomiarowych. Dzięki zebranym danym, możliwe było określenie wielu wartości napięć oraz prądów, zachowania sieci w czasie rzeczywistym, a także ilość zdarzeń, jakie wystąpiły zarówno po stronie odbiorcy jak i sieci dystrybucyjnej. Pozwoliło to na ukazanie realnego oddziaływania instalacji fotowoltaicznych na sieć dystrybucyjną. Analiza ta pozwoliła również na określenie częstotliwości występowania anomalii przy produkcji energii elektrycznej przez instalację fotowoltaiczną i jednoczesnym pobieraniu energii elektrycznej z sieci. Dzięki uzyskanym wynikom pomiarów możliwe było określenie wpływu mikroinstalacji na sieć. Artykuł kończy się zebraniem wniosków z przeprowadzonej analizy oraz podsumowaniem.
Assessment of Genetic Variability in Physiological Traits on Chickpea in Three Sown Environments
Authors: Dhopre Pavan , Raidas Dhanesh Kumar , Dawane Pradeep N. , Malik Vaqar , Vinutha N.
Published: December 2022

The present studies were conducted to the estimation of genetic variability and heritability for physiological traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Randomized Completely Block design with two replications in the field of the department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, of RAK College of Agriculture, Sehore (MP), during the crop season 2019- 2020. The high heritability were observed for LA at 45 DAS (99.22%, 99.61%, 93.87%) & 60 DAS (99.87%, 99.88%, 98.91%), LAI at 45 DAS (99.18%, 99.6%, 93.64%) & 60 DAS (99.86%, 99.89%, 98.92%), TDM at 45DAS (97.21%, 9.13%, 99.05%) & 60 DAS (99.2%, 99.59%, 99.55%), NAR (98.06%, 97.24%, 92.9%), CGR (98.62%, 99.28%, 99.18%), chlorophyll index (SPAD) (95.23%, 94.72%, 82.59%) in normal, late and very late sowing conditions as well as the collection of genotypes for these traits could be useful in the above-mentioned environments. As a result, most of the characters were highly heritable and less influenced by the environment The high Genetic advance as per mean was observed for LA at 45 DAS (73.17%, 91.15%, 60.49%) & 60 DAS (85.11%, 64.40%, 68.11%), LAI at 45 DAS (73.12%, 91.06%, 60.07 %) & 60 DAS (85.07%, 64.37%, 68.15%), TDM at 45DAS (70.40%, 74.89%, 53.54%) & 60 DAS (71.79%, 65.27%, 39.49%), NAR (160.61%, 53.33%, 81.64%), CGR (79.16%, 73.90%, 60.10%), chlorophyll index (SPAD) (59.37%, 52.58%, 43.00%) in E-I, E-II & E-III sown environments, which suggested that these characters can be useful for selecting higher yielding genotypes.
Tests to Optimize the Multiplication of Oleander (Apocynaceae) in Soil and Water Matrices
Authors: Guimbo Iro Dan , Gado Fanna Abdou , Saidou Salifou
Published: December 2022

The vegetative propagation of oleander (Apocynaceae), an ornamental plant for aesthetic use, is based on the technique of cuttings. This study focused on optimizing this multiplication. To do this, two types of matrix were used, in particular soil and water. Cuttings were taken from oleander plants and the apical, middle and basal parts of the stems were cultured in water and soil. The results showed that after 3 weeks the cuttings, thus installed, constitute the seat of the formation of the roots and the new-formation of the buds. The characteristics of these cuttings were established with cuttings from plantations obtained by artificial regeneration. Thus, on a stem twig, we distinguished basal, middle and apical cuttings. Recovery time varies from one category of cuttings to another, but the highest recovery rate (86.7%) was obtained with middle cuttings. The results obtained are of paramount importance in the success of the rapid multiplication of this ornamental species highly prized by urban florists in Niger.
Prognosis Impact of Postoperative Dysnatremia in Cardiac Surgery under Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: Chlouchi Abdellatif , Atmani Noureddine , Meskine Amine , Moujahid Azedine , El-Ghadbane Hatim , Drissi Mohamed
Published: December 2022

Dysnatremias have several particular aspects concerning their etiology and evolution. They are associated with morbidity and mortality in various clinical contexts.

The Primary aim of our study is to evaluate the prognosis impact of postoperative dysnatremia in cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation.

Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical retrospective study, concerning patients operated for a period of 18 months between September 2018 and February 2020 in the cardiovascular surgery department at the Mohammed V Military teaching hospital in Rabat, and including 253 adult patients.

The bioassay of plasma sodium was done immediately, at 4, 24 and 48 hours after admission to the intensive care unit.

Results: The average age of the patients was 56 years with male predominance. Fifty-seven patients (22.5%) presented at least hypernatremia and 30 patients (11.9%) at least hyponatremia. The overall mortality rate was 7.9%. 17.5% when hypernatremia.

Conclusion: The level of plasma sodium after admission to intensive care is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality during cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation. Hypernatremia is an alarm signal that requires rapid and effective management to avoid progression to serious complications.
Influence of Covid-19 Pandemic on Safe and Timely Delivery of Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy, Dubai Hospital Experience
Authors: Latif Muhammad Farooq , Tirmazi Syed Hammad , El-Shourbagy Dalia Mahmoud
Published: December 2022

Aims: To analyze the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on timely delivery of systemic anti-cancer treatment including chemotherapy, biological therapy and immunotherapy and assess complication rate.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oncology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, UAE from January 2020 to July 2020.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of electronic medical records and infusion Centre log of the number of chemotherapy sessions administered in the infusion therapy Centre, Dubai hospital from January 2020 to July 2020. Data on treatment delays, interruptions or discontinuations, and adverse events such as febrile neutropenia were collected and analysed.

Results: A total of 1553 systemic treatment sessions were recorded between January 2020 to July 2020 with an average of 222 treatment sessions per month. Physician recorded delays were observed in ninety (5.79%) treatment sessions. The average treatment delay was 7 (2-13) days. Delays were frequently caused by the overall treatment course and disease-related factors (toxicities, disease progression). The highest number of treatment delays (n=23,10.2%) were recorded in April, at the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic, most likely because of the implementation of extreme precautionary measures. There were no interruptions or discontinuations in treatment.

Fourteen (<1%) patients developed febrile neutropenia. With treatment, all of them recovered fully. No significant change in systemic treatment related complications were observed during the pandemic.

Conclusion: This study found no evidence of an appreciable rise in the number of complications or delays in systemic anticancer treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. This experience indicates that systemic chemotherapy may be delivered successfully during a pandemic with infection control and safety precautions. However, more research with a larger sample size is needed for more accurate advice in this case.
Association of COVID-19 Vaccination Rates of Staff and COVID-19 Illness and Death Among Residents and Staff in US Nursing Homes
Authors: Sinha Soham , Konetzka R. Tamara
Published: December 2022

Importance

It is important to understand the association between staff vaccination rates and adverse COVID-19 outcomes in nursing homes.

Objective

To assess the extent to which staff vaccination was associated with preventing COVID-19 cases and deaths among residents and staff in nursing homes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This longitudinal cohort study used data on COVID-19 outcomes in Medicare- and Medicaid-certified nursing homes in the US between May 30, 2021, and January 30, 2022. Participants included the residents of 15 042 US nursing homes that reported COVID-19 data to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and passed Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data quality checks in the National Healthcare Safety Network.

Exposures

Weekly staff vaccination rates.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Main outcomes are weekly COVID-19 cases and deaths among residents and weekly COVID-19 cases among staff. The treatment variable is the primary 2-dose staff vaccination rate in each facility each week.

Results

In the primary analysis of 15 042 nursing homes before the Omicron variant wave (May 30 to December 5, 2021) using fixed effects of facility and week, increasing weekly staff vaccination rates by 10 percentage points was associated with 0.13 (95% CI, −0.20 to −0.10) fewer weekly COVID-19 cases per 1000 residents, 0.02 (95% CI, −0.03 to −0.01) fewer weekly COVID-19 deaths per 1000 residents, and 0.03 (95% CI, −0.04 to −0.02) fewer weekly COVID-19 staff cases. In the secondary analysis of the Omicron wave (December 5, 2021, to January 30, 2022), increasing staff vaccination rates were not associated with lower rates of adverse COVID-19 outcomes in nursing homes.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study suggest that before the Omicron variant wave, increasing staff vaccination rates was associated with lower incidence of COVID-19 cases and deaths among residents and staff in US nursing homes. However, as newer, more infectious and transmissible variants of the virus emerged, the original 2-dose regimen of the COVID-19 vaccine as recommended in December 2020 was no longer associated with lower rates of adverse COVID-19 outcomes in nursing homes. Policy makers may want to consider longer-term policy options to increase the uptake of booster doses among staff in nursing homes.
Downregulation of LRP/LR with siRNA inhibits several cancer hallmarks in lung cancer cells
Authors: Bignoux Monique J. , Otgaar Tyrone C. , Bernert Martin , Weiss Stefan F. T. , Ferreira Eloise
Published: December 2022

The incidence and mortality rates of cancer are growing rapidly worldwide, with lung cancer being the most commonly occurring cancer in males. Human carcinomas circumvent the inhibitory pathways induced by DNA damage and senescence through the upregulation of telomerase activity. The 37 kDa/67 kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) is a cell surface receptor which plays a role in several cancer hallmarks, including metastasis, angiogenesis, cell viability maintenance, apoptotic evasion, and mediating telomerase activity. We have previously shown that the knockdown of LRP/LR with an LRP‐specific siRNA significantly impedes adhesion and invasion, induces apoptosis, and inhibits telomerase activity in various cancer cell lines in vitro. Here, we investigated the effect of downregulating LRP/LR with LRP‐specific siRNA in A549 lung cancer cells. Downregulation of LRP/LR resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, migration potential, and telomerase activity, as well as a significant increase in apoptosis. Proteomic analysis further suggested the re‐establishment of immune control over the lung cancer cells, a previously unidentified facet of LRP downregulation in cancer. Altogether, we suggest that targeting LRP/LR for downregulation may have therapeutic potential for inhibiting several cancer hallmarks.
Hyperacute immune responses associate with immediate neuropathology and motor dysfunction in large vessel occlusions
Authors: Farooqui Mudassir , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago , Hernandez Katherine , Torres Vanessa O. , Dajles Andres , Zevallos Cynthia B. , Quispe‐Orozco Darko , Mendez‐Ruiz Alan , Manzel Kenneth , Ten Eyck Patrick , Tranel Daniel , Karandikar Nitin J. , Ortega Sterling B.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Despite successful endovascular therapy, a proportion of stroke patients exhibit long‐term functional decline, regardless of the cortical reperfusion. Our objective was to evaluate the early activation of the adaptive immune response and its impact on neurological recovery in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO).

Methods

Nineteen (13 females, 6 males) patients with acute LVO were enrolled in a single‐arm prospective cohort study. During endovascular therapy (EVT), blood samples were collected from pre and post‐occlusion, distal femoral artery, and median cubital vein (controls). Cytokines, chemokines, cellular and functional profiles were evaluated with immediate and follow‐up clinical and radiographic parameters, including cognitive performance and functional recovery.

Results

In the hyperacute phase (within hours), adaptive immune activation was observed in the post‐occlusion intra‐arterial environment (post). Ischemic vascular tissue had a significant increase in T‐cell‐related cytokines, including IFN‐γ and MMP‐9, while GM‐CSF, IL‐17, TNF‐α, IL‐6, MIP‐1a, and MIP‐1b were decreased. Cellularity analysis revealed an increase in inflammatory IL‐17+ and GM‐CSF+ helper T‐cells, while natural killer (NK), monocytes and B‐cells were decreased. A correlation was observed between hypoperfused tissue, infarct volume, inflammatory helper, and cytotoxic T‐cells. Moreover, helper and cytotoxic T‐cells were also significantly increased in patients with improved motor function at 3 months.

Interpretation

We provide evidence of the activation of the inflammatory adaptive immune response during the hyperacute phase and the association of pro‐inflammatory cytokines with greater ischemic tissue and worsening recovery after successful reperfusion. Further characterization of these immune pathways is warranted to test selective immunomodulators during the early stages of stroke rehabilitation.
Reconfigurable Electronic Physically Unclonable Functions Based on Organic Thin‐Film Transistors with Multiscale Polycrystalline Entropy for Highly Secure Cryptography Primitives
Authors: Kim Dongyoung , Im Seongil , Kim Danbi , Lee Hanna , Choi Changsoon , Cho Jeong Ho , Ju Hyunsu , Lim Jung Ah
Published: December 2022

In this study, organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) are investigated as a promising platform for cost‐effective, reconfigurable, and strong electronic physically unclonable functions (PUFs) for highly secure cryptography primitives. Simple spin‐casting of solution‐processable small‐molecule organic semiconductors forms unique and unclonable fingerprint thin films with randomly distributed polycrystalline structures ranging from nanoscale molecular orientations to microcrystalline orientations, which provides a stochastic entropy source of device‐to‐device variations for OTFT arrays. Blending organic semiconductors with polymer materials is a promising strategy to improve the reliability of OTFT‐based PUFs. Studies on the relationship between the phase‐separated polycrystalline microstructure of organic semiconductor/polymer blend films and PUF characteristics reveal that the 2D mosaic microcrystalline structure of organic semiconductors in the vertically phase‐separated trilayered structure enables the implementation of OTFT‐based PUFs that simultaneously satisfy the requirements of being unclonable and unpredictable, with reliable cryptographic properties. The inherent multiscale randomness of the crystalline structure allows random distribution in OTFT‐based PUFs even with various channel dimensions. The secret bit stream generated from the OTFT‐based PUF developed in this study is reconfigurable by simply changing the gate bias, demonstrating the potential to counter evolving security attack threats.
Complementary Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and IR Absorption Spectroscopy (SEIRAS) with Nanorods‐on‐a‐Mirror
Authors: Oksenberg Eitan , Shlesinger Ilan , Tek Gökçen , Koenderink A. Femius , Garnett Erik C.
Published: December 2022

The surface‐enhanced counterparts of Raman scattering (SERS) and infrared (IR) absorption (SEIRAS) are commonly used to probe and identify nanoscale matter and small populations of molecules. The contrasting selection rules offer complementary vibrational information of bulk solids or solutions. In this study, a complementary surface‐enhanced vibrational spectroscopy approach is presented to probe the vibrational signature of metal‐bound molecular monolayers. Nanocavities are designed and produced with sharp and tunable visible (VIS) and mid‐IR gap resonances by placing nanorods on a mirror that is coated with a thin dielectric spacer. Their VIS resonances are tuned to match a 1.61 eV (770 nm) resonant excitation for SERS, while their mid‐IR resonances span the 1500–2800 cm−1 range (6.5–3.5 µm) in high resolution for SEIRAS, targeting CN bond vibrations at 2220 cm−1. Both the VIS and mid‐IR gap modes support spatially overlapping and highly enhanced near‐fields ensuring strong SERS and SEIRAS signals from the same monolayer molecular population. The differences in the vibrational information obtained with the two surface‐enhanced spectroscopies when probing coupled molecular vibrations are highlighted and the advantages of using such a platform for investigating cavity‐modified chemical reactions are discussed.
Double Paddle‐Wheel Enhanced Sodium Ion Conduction in an Antiperovskite Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Tsai Ping‐Chun , Mair Sunil , Smith Jeffrey , Halat David M. , Chien Po‐Hsiu , Kim Kwangnam , Zhang Duhan , Li Yiliang , Yin Liang , Liu Jue , Lapidus Saul H. , Reimer Jeffrey A. , Balsara Nitash P. , Siegel Donald J. , Chiang Yet‐Ming
Published: December 2022

Antiperovskite structure compounds (X3AB, where X is an alkali cation and A and B are anions) have the potential for highly correlated motion between the cation and a cluster anion on the A or B site. This so‐called “paddle‐wheel” mechanism may be the basis for enhanced cation mobility in solid electrolytes. Through combined experiments and modeling, the first instance of a double paddle‐wheel mechanism, leading to fast sodium ion conduction in the antiperovskite Na3−xO1−x(NH2)x(BH4), is shown. As the concentration of amide (NH2−) cluster anions is increased, large positive deviations in ionic conductivity above that predicted from a vacancy diffusion model are observed. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, and NMR, the cluster anion rotational dynamics are characterized and it is found that cation mobility is influenced by the rotation of both NH2− and BH4− species, resulting in sodium ion conductivity a factor of 102 higher at x = 1 than expected for the vacancy mechanism alone. Generalization of this phenomenon to other compounds could accelerate fast ion conductor exploration and design.
Binary Microcrystal Additives Enabled Antisolvent‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Wang Deng , Chen Jiabang , Zhu Peide , Qiao Ying , Hu Hang , Zeng Jie , Zhang Jiyao , Qu Geping , Wang Yanggang , Wang Xingzhu , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Xu Baomin
Published: December 2022

Developing a facile method to prepare high‐quality perovskite films without using the antisolvent technique is critical for upscaling production of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). However, the as‐prepared formamidinium (FA)‐based perovskite films often exhibit poor film quality with high density of defects if antisolvent is not used, limiting the photovoltaic performance and long‐term stability of derived PVSCs. Herein, this work adopts pre‐synthesized 3D methylammonium lead chloride (MAPbCl3) and 1D 2‐aminobenzothiazole lead iodide (ABTPbI3) microcrystals into self‐drying perovskite precursors, which serve as seed crystals to promote nucleation and growth of FAPbI3‐based perovskites without requiring antisolvent extraction. The combined binary microcrystals facilitate the formation of a dense and pinhole‐free perovskite film with a stable perovskite lattice and defect‐healed grain boundaries, enabling efficient charge carrier transfer and reduced non‐radiative recombination loss. As a result, the best‐performing inverted architecture device exhibits a champion power conversion efficiency of 23.27% for small‐area devices (0.09 cm2) and 21.52% for large‐area devices (1.0 cm2). These values are among the highest efficiencies reported for antisolvent‐free PVSCs. Additionally, the unencapsulated device shows enhanced moisture, thermal, and operational stabilities, and maintains 92% of its initial efficiency after being held at the maximum power point for 1000 h.
Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling Cyclization of δ, ϵ‐Alkenyl Oxime toward Access to 1,2‐Oxezapines
Authors: Zhao Chuang , Dong Ah‐Ying , Ju Dongyan , Huang Jianhong , Jia Ran , Liu Yu , Zhao Jinbo
Published: December 2022

The Pd‐catalyzed coupling cyclization of δ,ϵ‐alkenyl oxime with (hetero)aryl and halides is presented, which affords seven membered N,O‐heterocycle, tetrahydro‐1,2‐oxezapines, in moderate to good yields. DFT calculation favors an outer‐sphere anti‐oxypalladation pathway and provides key insights on the reaction mechanism. The reaction represents an unprecedented example of seven‐membered ring formation by heterocyclization.
Management paradigms for chronic rhinosinusitis in individuals with asthma: An evidence‐based review with recommendations
Authors: Gill Amarbir S. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Detwiller Kara Y. , Rowan Nicholas R. , Gray Stacey T. , Hellings Peter W. , Joshi Shyam R. , Lee Jivianne T. , Soler Zach M. , Tan Bruce K. , Taylor‐Cousar Jennifer L. , Wise Sarah K. , Wu Tara J. , Beswick Daniel M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Despite the significant morbidity associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in individuals with asthma (CRSwA), there is a paucity of codified, evidence‐based management strategies for CRS in this population.

Methods

Using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Review Databases, a systematic review was performed covering management strategies for CRSwA. A total of 5903 articles were screened, and 70 were included for full‐text analysis. After application of exclusion criteria, 53 articles comprised the qualitative synthesis. The level of evidence was graded and benefit‐harm assessments, as well as value judgment and recommendations, were provided

Results

Strong evidence confirms the benefit of oral and topical medications on sinonasal‐specific outcomes in individuals with CRSwA; there is low‐grade evidence demonstrating that these agents improve lung function and/or asthma control. Moderate to strong evidence suggests that endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) improves both sinonasal‐ and asthma‐specific quality of life. Although there is insufficient to low evidence to indicate that ESS improves pulmonary function in this population, data indicate a positive impact of this intervention on asthma control. Biologic medications strongly improve both subjective and objective sinonasal‐ and asthma‐specific outcomes.

Conclusion

Evidence supports managing CRS in individuals with CRSwA in a stepwise fashion, starting with traditional nonbiologic oral and topical medication, and escalating to second‐line treatments, such as ESS and biologics. Optimal treatment of individuals who have CRSwA often requires concurrent, directed management of asthma, as not all CRS interventions impact asthma status.
A review of nonfullerene solar cells: Insight into the correlation among molecular structure, morphology, and device performance
Authors: Xin Jingming , Li Wangchang , Zhang Yutong , Liang Qiuju , Song Chunpeng , Zhao Yuzhen , He Zemin , Liu Jiangang , Ma Wei
Published: December 2022

Nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) lead the continuous development of organic solar cells (OSCs) with competitive efficiency over 19%. Design and synthesis of novel photovoltaic materials are effective methods to improve the OSCs performance, which can regulate the optoelectric properties, such as energy level, absorption spectra, charge transport, and so on. So far, hundreds of NFAs have been reported. Meanwhile, it has been demonstrated that intrinsic morphology of active layer is partially determined by the chemical structures of NFAs. Hence, only in‐depth understanding of the relationship between different structures of NFAs and morphology can guide the molecular design of NFAs for highly efficient OSCs. Herein, we review some state‐of‐the‐art NFAs according to their functional moieties, that is, arene core, end group and side chain, and discuss the relationship between molecular structure, morphology and device parameter. Additionally, the challenges and prospects for further development of OSCs based on NFAs are briefly considered. This review brings a unique insight into structure–function correlation in this field, which may help to rapidly develop efficient OSCs.
Enhancing surface‐to‐bulk stability of layered Co‐free Ni‐rich cathodes for long‐life Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Yang Zhaofeng , Wang Zhihong , Zhu Yihua , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong
Published: December 2022

Layered Co‐free Ni‐rich cathodes are the most cost‐effective for high‐energy‐density Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), yet the structural instability and interfacial side reactions seriously hamper their commercial applications versus the Co‐contained counterpart. Herein, a synchronous Ge‐doping and Li4GeO4‐coating of the Co‐free Ni‐rich cathodes have been realized to tackle these limitations during high‐temperature lithiation of the corresponding hydroxide precursors. The nonmagnetic Ge4+ doping effectively relieves the magnetic frustration and the lattice oxygen loss with reduced cation mixing and gas emission. The Li‐ion conductive and anti‐erosive Li4GeO4 coatings contribute to enhance the surface chemistry stability and Li‐ion migration interface kinetics. Consequently, the resulting Co‐free Ni‐rich cathodes delivers a high reversable capacity of 223.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and maintains 127.5 mAh g−1 even at 10C within 2.7–4.4 V. More impressively, it displays high‐capacity retention of 90.5% in coin‐type half‐cell after 150 cycles and 80.5% in pouch‐type full‐cell after 500 cycles at 3C, demonstrating a long‐term cycle life.
Switching the Mode of Cell Death between Apoptosis and Autophagy by Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibition Levels
Authors: Zhou An‐Min , Wang Meng‐Meng , Su Yan , Yu Zheng‐Hong , Liu Hong‐Ke , Su Zhi
Published: December 2022

Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy for cancer treatment. In this work, we have developed a new agentIr‐VPA, which exhibits the cell death mode switching between apoptosis and autophagy due to the distinct level of HDAC6 inhibition.Ir‐VPAindicates the best anticancer activity to HeLa cells, and could be hydrolyzed due to the high expression of the esterase in HeLa cells.Ir‐VPAcould accumulate in nuclei, induce severe DNA damages and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. The anticancer mechanism ofIr‐VPAto HeLa cells was dependent on the HDAC6 inhibitory performance, as the caspase dependent apoptosis at low concentration (IC50) and autophagy with the autophagy flux blockage at high concentration (2×IC50). This is resulted from the distinct inhibitory levels of HDAC6, as moderate/complete inhibition at the concentration of IC50/2×IC50.In the presence of autophagic inhibitor chloroquine, the apoptotic population elevated from 32.7 % to 61.7 %, indicating thatIr‐VPAcould activate apoptotic process through the autophagolysosome fusion inhibition.Ir‐VPAalso exhibits excellent antiproliferative behavior to 3D HeLa multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). This work not only provided a new HDAC6 inhibitor and novel anticancer mechanism for the effective treatment of cervical cancer, but also demonstrated the strategy to conjugate the metal fragment with active organic drug to enhance the anticancer performance.
Influence of oxytocin on parenting behaviors and parent–child bonding: A systematic review
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Asurlekar Alpana Rajesh , Chua Jing Shi , Lim Lina Hsiu Kim
Published: December 2022

Oxytocin (OT) plays a pivotal role in early parent–child relationship formation and bonding that is critical for the social, cognitive, and emotional development of the child. Therefore, this systematic review aims to consolidate all available evidence regarding the associations of parental OT concentration levels with parenting behavior and bonding within the past 20 years. A systematic search was conducted in five databases from 2002 to May 2022, and 33 studies were finalized and included. Due to the heterogeneity of the data, findings were presented narratively based on the type of OT and parenting outcomes. Current evidence strongly suggests that parental OT levels are positively related to parental touch and parental gaze and affect synchrony and observer‐coded parent–infant bonding. No gender difference in OT levels was observed between fathers and mothers, but OT strengthens affectionate parenting in mothers and stimulatory parenting in fathers. Child OT levels were also positively associated with parental OT levels. Family and healthcare providers could encourage more positive touch and interactive play between parent and child to strengthen parent–child relationships.
Range expansion and first observation of Tridacna noae (Cardiidae: Tridacninae) in American Sāmoa
Authors: Marra‐Biggs Paolo , Fatherree James , Green Alison , Toonen Robert J.
Published: December 2022

Giant clams are ecologically important, benefitting species of all trophic levels. But numerous populations have declined drastically in numbers due to past intensive exploitation that led to their listing in both CITES Appendix II and IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, giant clams are notoriously difficult to identify, and recent molecular work has revealed that morphological misidentification of giant clams have confounded current population assessments and extinction risk. The most recent study of the status of giant clams in the Samoan Archipelago was published in a journal over 20 years ago, without molecular corroboration of visual identifications. Using morphologic characteristics and ezRAD genetic techniques, we identify the existence of Tridacna noae in the Samoan Archipelago, presenting the first observation and a resulting range expansion. Accurately identifying the extant species in the archipelago is the first step toward a much‐needed population status assessment to effectively manage these long‐lived species.
Genetic population dynamics of the critically endangered scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Harned Sydney P. , Bernard Andrea M. , Salinas‐de‐León Pelayo , Mehlrose Marissa R. , Suarez Jenifer , Robles Yolani , Bessudo Sandra , Ladino Felipe , López Garo Andrés , Zanella Ilena , Feldheim Kevin A. , Shivji Mahmood S.
Published: December 2022

The scalloped hammerhead shark,Sphyrna lewini, is a Critically Endangered, migratory species known for its tendency to form iconic and visually spectacular large aggregations. Herein, we investigated the population genetic dynamics of the scalloped hammerhead across much of its distribution in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), ranging from Costa Rica to Ecuador, focusing on young‐of‐year animals from putative coastal nursery areas and adult females from seasonal aggregations that form in the northern Galápagos Islands. Nuclear microsatellites and partial mitochondrial control region sequences showed little evidence of population structure suggesting that scalloped hammerheads in this ETP region comprise a single genetic stock. Galápagos aggregations of adults were not comprised of related individuals, suggesting that kinship does not play a role in the formation of the repeated, annual gatherings at these remote offshore locations. Despite high levels of fisheries exploitation of this species in the ETP, the adult scalloped hammerheads here showed greater genetic diversity compared with adult conspecifics from other parts of the species' global distribution. A phylogeographic analysis of available, globally sourced, mitochondrial control region sequence data (n = 1818 sequences) revealed that scalloped hammerheads comprise three distinct matrilines corresponding to the three major world ocean basins, highlighting the need for conservation of these evolutionarily unique lineages. This study provides the first view of the genetic properties of a scalloped hammerhead aggregation, and the largest sample size‐based investigation of population structure and phylogeography of this species in the ETP to date.