bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brachytherapy in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Sait Bakir Mehmet
Published: July 2020

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed countries with the cumulative risk rate of 1.71%. Endometrial cancer standard treatment is surgery. But adjuvant radiotherapy may be recommended for patients in advanced age who have high-grade disease, deep myometrial invasion, LVSI positivity, risk factors such as large tumor diameter, lymph node invasion, and advanced stage disease. Brachytherapy is applied in two ways, namely intra-cavitary or interstitial radiation therapy. Intra-cavitary brachytherapy is the presence of a therapeutic radioactive isotope within the body space, for example, vaginal and intra-uterine brachytherapy. Radioactive isotopes are directly inserted within the tissue in interstitial brachytherapy as in the treatment of cervical or endometrial cancers that have reached the lateral walls. The intra-cavitary brachytherapy technique is the most commonly used technique in gynecologic oncology. Standard treatment cannot be performed in a group of patients due to their medical disorders and clinical performances. In these patients, definitive radiotherapy is applied for clinical stage 1 patients, neo-adjuvant therapy is applied to patients with local advanced stage disease and brachytherapy alone or radiotherapy with addition of EBRT is applied as palliative treatment in patients who have complaints such as bleeding and pelvic pain.
Soil and Water Conservation Measures for Agricultural Sustainability
Authors: Kumawat Anita , Yadav Devideen , Samadharmam Kala , Rashmi Ittyamkandath
Published: July 2020

Limited natural resources are available on the planet under immense pressure due to the ever-increasing population and changing climate. Soil and water are fundamental natural resources for the agricultural production system. Anthropogenic and adverse natural activities are the major factors for the deterioration of natural resources. Among the various degradation processes, soil erosion is one of the serious threats for the deterioration of soil and water resources. In India, about 68.4% of the total land area has been degraded by the water erosion process. Intensive agricultural practices accelerate the soil erosion process. Similarly, increased exploitation of groundwater resulted in depletion of groundwater level. Hence, the holistic management of soil and water resources is indispensable for agricultural sustainability as well as for the protection of the natural ecosystem. Development and adoption of improved technologies, judicious use of natural resources, and effective management practices are the need of the hour for protection of soil and water from degradation. This chapter highlights the status of natural resource degradation, erosion processes and, soil and water conservation strategies for agricultural sustainability and soil health in the long run.
DC Motor Synchronization Speed Controller Based on Microcontroller
Authors: Shahzad Aamir , Kashif Muhammad , Munir Tariq , He Maogang
Published: July 2020

In this chapter, we report the design and fabrication of an improved speed synchronizer device in which two dc motors has been controlled on different sequences programmed by microcontroller. Depending on the programmed software, the device is used to command a rolling of machines, synchronizes the dc motors speed, and displays the result on liquid crystal display (LCD). Flash memory of the microcontroller is used to program for controlling this device where permanent memory is needed to store different parameters (codes for motor speed, LCD display, ratio control, and rotary encoder’s feedback). The present simulation gives new reliable results with better performance for the speed and direction than the earlier available synchronizers. It has been shown that the speed and direction are dependent on both the ratio setting and frequency of encoder in two dc motors speed synchronizer. It is shown that this device is applicable for controlling, monitoring, and synchronizing identical processes and can be implemented in multiple domains, from textile industry and home control applications to industrial instruments.
Teaching information literacy: Developing an online course for faculty
Authors: Hammons Jane
Published: July 2020

As part of the profession’s ongoing efforts to integrate information literacy into the curriculum, some librarians have taken an approach centered on teaching disciplinary faculty to teach information literacy. Indeed, some have argued that the best way for librarians to ensure that students are developing information literacy is to focus primarily on faculty, rather than on providing instruction to students. Although most librarians do not seem prepared to stop all direct instruction to students, there are many examples of libraries offering faculty development programming. While many of these programs involve face-to-face interactions between librarians and disciplinary faculty, there are examples of librarians creating online information literacy workshops or courses for faculty.
Outreach from academic libraries: Supporting our local school district’s diversity initiative
Authors: Birch Stephanie , Stapleton Suzanne , Vargas-Betancourt Margarita
Published: July 2020

Campus and community outreach activities often play an essential role in fulfilling the mission of academic libraries at public institutions. At the University of Florida (UF), library employees are partnering with local schools to support student learning and development through the exploration of new technologies and historical resources. In past years, the UF Libraries have collaborated with local teachers to host academic library tours, collection exploration, and research workshops. The UF-Marston Science Library has also hosted Girls Tech Camp, a one-week summer camp to encourage middle school girls to pursue STEM education and careers. Building on these past activities, the UF Libraries conducted a pilot project in summer 2019 to support the diversity initiative of the local school district.
Epidemia, controle e vigilância: das quarentenas analógicas à quarentena digital
Authors: Santos Rone Eleandro
Published: July 2020

No presente artigo analisamos como a ocorrência de epidemias de doenças contagiosas levaram o poder político e o conhecimento médico ao uso de diferentes técnicas e mecanismos para as enfrentar, como a instalação de quarentenas. Veremos como as epidemias de lepra e de peste e a atual pandemia de Covid-19 colocam em uso diferentes dispositivos e técnicas de controle e vigilância sobre os contaminados. A descoberta de que a restrição de movimento e o isolamento dos infectados diminui a disseminação de doenças contagiosas foi, e ainda é, uma das primeiras recomendações médicas na situação de epidemias. Nesse sentido, veremos como, das quarentenas antigas à quarentena atual, intensificamos ainda mais a vigilância sobre os corpos ao passarmos de um controle sobre a pele para um controle sob a pele.
Presunção da culpa: racismo institucional no cotidiano da justiça criminal em Niterói (RJ)
Authors: Borges Ana Clara Davila , Vinuto Juliana
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho tem como intuito investigar como o racismo institucional opera cotidianamente no sistema de justiça criminal no Rio de Janeiro, a fim de compreender seus efeitos nas rotinas organizacionais de forma a contribuir para o encarceramento em massa da população negra. Para a elaboração da pesquisa foram feitos acompanhamentos semanais durante cerca de três meses em audiências criminais na cidade de Niterói (RJ). Essas observações diretas tornaram possível verificar alguns aspectos racializados nos julgamentos assistidos, sendo tais aspectos tão rotineiros que usualmente não são percebidos enquanto tais. Para o desenvolvimento do argumento aqui proposto, serão descritos alguns casos específicos que sintetizam os principais padrões existentes nas audiências. Quatro desses padrões serão analisados: a dinâmica de familiaridade entre os operadores do sistema de justiça criminal; o uso de termos racializados cifrados, como é o caso da palavra “favela”; a presunção de inocência que vale apenas para a narrativa dos policiais; e, por fim, as representações sobre a cor da pele do acusado. Como resultado, percebe-se que os operadores do sistema de justiça criminal atuam com base em perspectivas raciais, revelando uma suspeição racializada que acarreta na presunção da culpa dos indivíduos negros.Palavras-chave: Racismo - Brasil. Organização judiciária penal - Brasil. Suspeição (Direito). Seletividade penal - Niterói (RJ).
Effect of low molecular weigt osmogenic substanses on the induction of embryogenesis in spring barley anther culture in vitro
Authors: Bilynska O. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Osmotic pressure of nutrient medium is known to be an important factor for morphogenesis in plant cell, tissue and organ culture in vitro. The investigations was aimed to elucidate the effect of maltose concentration and to evaluate the impact of mannitol add on callus, embryoid formation and plant regeneration in spring barley anther culture in vitro. Methods. Anthers of DH-line with a high androgenetic capacity were inoculated on inductive media contained N6 macro-, MS micronutrients, organic supplements, maltose (0−9.0 %) and 0.1 M mannitol. Results. A decrease in maltose concentration from 9 to 6 % had a strong negative effect on these processes. At the same time, addition of 0.1 M mannitol to medium containing 6 % maltose promoted sufficiently increase the efficiency of embryoid formation and plant regeneration. Conclusions. Medium osmotic pressure mainly determined by a high maltose concentration played an important role in spring barley haploid production. Decrease in maltose content could be compensated by addition of mannitol, which is osmotic substance with low metabolic activity. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., anther culture in vitro, mannitol, embryo formation, plant regeneration.
The fatty acids content of calli cultures from different explant types of amarantus plants
Authors: Zhuk V. P. , Sakhno L. O. , Kharkhota M. A. , Isaienkov S. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of our study was selection of optimal conditions for the initiation of Amaranthus L. aseptic callus in vitro culture from different types of explants and estimation of fatty acid composition in these types of cell cultures. Methods. In vitro culture using leaf disks and internodes as explants. Inert gas chromatography. Results. The optimized Gamborg medium for callus induction was designed (sucrose 25 g/1L; 2.4-D 0.5 mg/L; NAA 1 mg/L). The kinetin in concentration 0.5 mg/L for internodes and for leaf discs explants were added. The fatty acid profiles of calli cultures from the different types of plant explants were analyzed The highest level of Omega-3 fatty acid were detected in cell cultures from internodes and leaf discs of cultivar Helios. Conclusions. Our optimized protocol for Amaranthus callus initiation could be used for further studies of the synthesis and accumulation of biologically active metabolites in Amaranthus tissue culture. The fatty acid composition of calli cultures depend from explant type as well as from plant cultivar. Keywords: Amaranthus, callus, in vitro culture, fatty acid composition
The efficiency of androgenesis in vitro in anther culture of soft wheat winter varieties and their different generations hybrids
Authors: Zambriborshch I. S. , Shestopal O. L. , Boiko M. S. , Dobrova H. O. , Ahafonova S. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To estimate the level of in vitro haploproduction androgenic ability of different generations populations (F1, F2) soft winter wheat hybrids of the same combination to maximize the use of biotechnology cereals. Methods. Obtaining of bread wheat double haploid lines by anther culture in vitro. The statistical methods. Results. The influence different generation of wheat hybrids on the processes of induction and regeneration in anther culture of winter bread wheat were studied. The 21 green plants-regenerants were received. Conclusions. The using of anthers of the second generation simple hybrids as donor material for the effective technology creation of doubled haploid of bread winter wheat was shown.Keywords: wheat, anther culture in vitro, callus, regeneration, generation simple hybrids.
Obtaining of transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants resistant to the herbicide Pursuit by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
Authors: Nifantova S. M. , Komarnytskyi I. K. , Kuchuk M. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The production of alfalfa and peanut cultivars with new properties is necessary. The purpose of this work was to develop Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol and to construct transgenic alfalfa and peanut plants resistant to herbicide Pursuit Methods. Genetic transformation was carried out using cocultivation of peanut and alfalfa explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 carrying genetic construct pCB004 containing mutant ahas/als gene and nptII gene. Selection was held on the solidified callus inducing medium with 50 mkg/l Pursuit. The selected callus clones were put on the regeneration medium with the same selective agents. Obtained regeneration lines were analysed using PCR-analysis. Results. 17 peanut and 14 alfalfa regeneration lines had positive signals after PCR analysis with DNA fragments of required molecular size for ahas/als and nptII genes. Conclusions. Transgenic alfalfa and peanut plants resistant to the herbicide Pursuit were obtained.Keywords: alfalfa, peanut, ahas/als gene, transformation.
Lead and cadmium influences on the metallothionein expression level in Lymnaea stagnalis L. adults
Authors: Dromashko S. E. , Shevtsova S. N. , Babenko A. S.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The article deals with the assessment of some heavy metals effects on metallothionein expression in such a test system as the great pond snail L. stagnalis. Methods. There are methods of mollusk specimen cultivation and gene expression level estimation (PCR in real-time mode), as well as data analysis. Results. A significant increase in MT gene expression was observed in both young (4.5 months) and older (7 months) mollusks on the 7th day of exposure to 0.003 mg/L of lead ions as well as significant increase in MT gene expression was observed in older mollusks on the 7th day of exposure to 0.0001–0.001 mg/L of cadmium ions. Conclusions. The expediency of L. stagnalis adults using at the age of 3 to 5 months with other test systems for biotesting liquid metal-containing waste based on the gene expression evaluation in a short (no more than 7 day) experiment using the Real Time PCR has been shown.Keywords: Lymnaea stagnalis, lead/cadmium, metallothioneins, gene expression, real time PCR.
Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv. plants with different chromosome number cultivated in vitro. Probabilistic relations of three adaptability indices with genome size
Authors: Miryuta N. Yu. , Parnikoza I. Yu. , Poronnik O. O. , Myryuta G. Yu. , Kunakh V. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. This work deals with probabilistic relations between genome size and adaptability indices research in 11 genotypes plants revealed among seeds of Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv. which has different genome size under standardized cultivation condition in vitro. Methods. We have used electrophoretic method for determination of protein relative contents in plant leaves, and statistical analysis for probabilistic relations determination. Results. Protein densitometric profiles for 11 D. antarctica genotypes plants were analyzed. Probabilistic scheme have been created for all researched plants genotypes for all previously analyzed parameters. Three probabilistic schemes of genotypes plants received from seeds collected in the same loci and season have been shown and analyzed. Conclusions. Protective protein densitometric profiles were similar for 11 genotypes of D. antarctica plants under standardized cultivation condition in vitro but quantitative part of protective protein has been changed. Genome size had an influence on its probabilistic relations with flavonoids content, leaf length and some protein relative contents in general pool. Probabilistic relations between genome size and some protein relative content and between the last and flavonoids content and leaf length is assumed to express underlying in this plants adaptation process to uniqueness nature condition in dynamic hereditary memory special information in certain degree. Mechanisms of probabilistic relations changes are required a detailed research.Keywords: Deschampsia antarctica, plants in vitro, probabilistic relations between genome size and adaptability indices, plant adaptability.
Renaissance of industrial hemp as a result of successful breeding
Authors: Vyrovets V. H. , Laiko I. M. , Kyrychenko H. I. , Mishchenko S. V. , Kmets I. L.
Published: July 2020

Aim. With the organization of Research Station first, then Institute of Hemp it was predicted to increase productivity and improve service of hemp-growing branch. Methods. Through traditional breeding different ecotypes of hemp were formed with which was started scientific breeding by methods of selection and hybridization. Results. For 40 years of selection the fiber content in stems of dioecious hemp was increased from 13.9 to 33.5 %. By the method of acclimati-zation the variety US-1, and hybridization – US-6 were created, which united a high yield of stems with high fiber content. Breeders also realized the dream of farmers about creation of monoecious hemp, which opened the way to the mechanization of harvesting. Addicts are "awakened" in nature lulling hemp ability to narcotic excitement; the breeders have forced a non-narcotic hemp, while maintaining their economic characteristics and resistance to damage by pests and diseases. Conclusions. Modern hemp varieties are able to form a crop straw, fiber and seeds within 6.0–11.5; 1.7–2.5 and 0.6–1.2 t/ha, respectively, for the minimum content or complete absence of the main component of cannabinoids – THC. Keywords: local and breeding varieties, monoecious and dioecious hemp, crop capacity, non-narcotic sign.
Allahs vælgerkorps
Authors: Thumann Michael
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Kampen om Israels sjæl
Authors: Krasnik Martin
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Pirater kan og skal bekæmpes lokalt
Authors: Bangert Struwe Lars
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Egypten: Når hæren har magten
Authors: Wallerstein Immanuel
Published: July 2020

Immanuel Wallerstein skriver om militærstyrets magt i Egypten.
Den fremtid vi ønsker
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Fra redaktionen
Aldrig mere en Irak-krig?
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus Brun
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Tunesiens udfordringer
Authors: Hostrup Haugbølle Rikke
Published: July 2020

Rikke Hostrup Haugbølle & Julie Pruzan-Jørgensen om Tunesiens vej mod demokrati efter en væltet regering.
Holck-sagen set med indiske øjne
Authors: Kaur Ravinder
Published: July 2020

Niels Holck-sagen viser, at Danmark gerne udnytter det nye indiske marked, men hænger fast i forestillinger om Indien som tilbagestående og brutalt.
Grønthandleren kan blive første udlevering til Indien
Authors: Theils Lone
Published: July 2020

Lone Theils skriver om den britiske og indiske udleveringsaftale fra 1993 og hvad den betyder idag.
Syriens opløsning set fra første parket
Authors: Vestergaard Thiesen Bo
Published: July 2020

Bo Vestergaard Theisen skriver om Syriens eskalerede splittelse.
Nekrolog - Henrik Henriques
Authors: Pedersen Klaus Carsten
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Danmark ikke Tysklands drømmeformandsland
Authors: Wivel Peter
Published: July 2020

Peter Wivel giver et indblik i Tysklands svære forhold til et dansk formandsskab.
Den gode krig?
Authors: Jakobsen Peter Viggo
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Programme de soutien aux habiletés parentales de parents ayant subi un traumatisme craniocérébral modéré à grave : une étude exploratoire
Authors: Savary Maréva , Lesage Jessica , Michallet Bernard
Published: July 2020

Le traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC) de degré modéré à grave entraîne des séquelles permanentes et invalidantes, notamment sur le plan cognitif. Les adolescents et les jeunes adultes (15-24 ans) sont les plus susceptibles de subir un TCC, alors que plusieurs d’entre eux sont ou deviendront parents. Ces personnes doivent assumer leur rôle et leurs responsabilités parentales tout en composant avec les impacts du TCC sur leur fonctionnement quotidien. Ce rôle parental étant potentiellement perturbé par les séquelles du TCC, un programme de soutien au développement des habiletés parentales a été mis en place afin d’accompagner les parents ayant subi un TCC modéré à grave d’enfants âgés entre 6 et 12 ans. La perception des parents quant à leurs habiletés parentales reliées à leur participation au programme de soutien a été explorée à l’aide d’un devis mixte séquentiel explicatif. Les analyses quantitatives ne démontrent pas d’effets de changement chez les parents, mais l’analyse qualitative indique une expérience parentale plus positive et la mise en oeuvre de certaines pratiques parentales suggérées par le programme. Des limites de l’étude sont liées aux faiblesses de l’instrument de mesure et aux caractéristiques des participants. Des recherches futures devront porter sur l’inclusion des proches à un tel programme de soutien et sur son efficacité à plus grande échelle. Néanmoins, ce projet a permis l’exploration de retombées positives d’un programme de soutien novateur destiné aux parents ayant subi un TCC.
Conserver la nature humaine et non humaine
Authors: DeVore Jonathan , Hirsch Eric , Paulson Susan , Paquet Pierre-Alexandre , Fournier Robert
Published: July 2020

Cet article défend un concept de « conservation conviviale », conçu ici comme « un effort visant à établir des interdépendances vitales entre les humains et les écosystèmes, en vue de leur régénération mutuelle ». En nous appuyant sur des recherches ethnographiques que nous avons menées auprès de communautés subalternes d’Amérique latine, autochtones ou non, nous nous concentrons sur les communautés rurales brésiliennes de squatters apparues dans les années 1990 en opposition aux économies de plantation qui ont provoqué la dégradation de la vie humaine et non humaine. Dans les discours et les écrits des travailleurs de la conservation et de l’environnement, les membres de ces communautés de squatters non autochtones sont parfois dépeints comme des adversaires ignorants — voire hostiles — de la nature, et leur recours à la culture sur brûlis est condamné comme étant destructeur. Alors que ces familles tentent de remédier à des injustices distributives de longue date qui leur ont porté préjudice, nous découvrons de nouveaux engagements en faveur de la conservation de la nature, tels que les efforts des squatters pour cultiver des espèces d’arbres autochtones dans leurs agroforêts. Ces engagements non utilitaires pour la conservation des arbres autochtones défient les présupposés d’un courant idéologique qui alimente diverses approches de la conservation de la nature — qu’il s’agisse de la « sanctuarisation de la nature », que ces approches soient « participatives » ou axées sur le « développement » — qui font de différentes populations humaines des « gardiennes » quasi naturelles ou des « ennemies » de la nature. Cherchant à aller au-delà de ce courant idéologique, nous examinons les possibilités de conservation de la nature en dehors des zones de conservation officielles. Nous soutenons que la réparation des injustices distributives de longue date peut favoriser des pratiques humaines qui reproduisent conjointement des processus socioculturels et biophysiques.
L’écologie productive
Authors: Hébert Martin
Published: July 2020

Les communautés non autorisées vivant au sein de la Réserve de la biosphère Montes Azules (REBIMA) sont au coeur d’enjeux éthiques et politiques qui nous mènent à interroger un certain nombre de présupposés quant à la place possible des peuples autochtones dans les projets de conservation. À partir d’un travail ethnographique mené dans la région depuis une vingtaine d’années, l’auteur identifie et explore trois de ces questions. La première concerne l’usage qui peut être fait d’une aire protégée comme réserve de virtualités tout autant que de ressources et comme espace où peuvent s’inscrire non seulement des pratiques traditionnelles, mais aussi des projets encore indéfinis. Il examine ensuite comment la mobilisation de l’idée d’une « écologie productive » par les membres de ces communautés est une manière d’entrer dans un rapport dialectique, mais ultimement déstabilisant, avec l’imaginaire du bon sujet autochtone de la conservation, omniprésent dans les mises en récit dominantes de la REBIMA. Finalement, l’auteur souligne que les projets productifs dont il est question dans cet article ne peuvent être confinés à des aspirations locales : ils s’inscrivent plutôt dans un dialogue plus large, notamment avec l’État mexicain, sur les droits aux ressources et la gestion des territoires.
Learning-related population dynamics in the auditory thalamus
Authors: Gilad Ariel , Maor Ido , Mizrahi Adi
Published: July 2020

Learning to associate sensory stimuli with a chosen action involves a dynamic interplay between cortical and thalamic circuits. While the cortex has been widely studied in this respect, how the thalamus encodes learning-related information is still largely unknown. We studied learning-related activity in the medial geniculate body (MGB; Auditory thalamus), targeting mainly the dorsal and medial regions. Using fiber photometry, we continuously imaged population calcium dynamics as mice learned a go/no-go auditory discrimination task. The MGB was tuned to frequency and responded to cognitive features like the choice of the mouse within several hundred milliseconds. Encoding of choice in the MGB increased with learning, and was highly correlated with the learning curves of the mice. MGB also encoded motor parameters of the mouse during the task. These results provide evidence that the MGB encodes task- motor- and learning-related information.
Modular output circuits of the fastigial nucleus for diverse motor and nonmotor functions of the cerebellar vermis
Authors: Fujita Hirofumi , Kodama Takashi , du Lac Sascha
Published: July 2020

The cerebellar vermis, long associated with axial motor control, has been implicated in a surprising range of neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive and affective functions. Remarkably little is known, however, about the specific cell types and neural circuits responsible for these diverse functions. Here, using single-cell gene expression profiling and anatomical circuit analyses of vermis output neurons in the mouse fastigial (medial cerebellar) nucleus, we identify five major classes of glutamatergic projection neurons distinguished by gene expression, morphology, distribution, and input-output connectivity. Each fastigial cell type is connected with a specific set of Purkinje cells and inferior olive neurons and in turn innervates a distinct collection of downstream targets. Transsynaptic tracing indicates extensive disynaptic links with cognitive, affective, and motor forebrain circuits. These results indicate that diverse cerebellar vermis functions could be mediated by modular synaptic connections of distinct fastigial cell types with posturomotor, oromotor, positional-autonomic, orienting, and vigilance circuits.
Concentration-dependent mortality of chloroquine in overdose
Authors: Watson James A , Tarning Joel , Hoglund Richard M , Baud Frederic J , Megarbane Bruno , Clemessy Jean-Luc , White Nicholas J
Published: July 2020

Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are used extensively in malaria and rheumatological conditions, and now in COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Although generally safe they are potentially lethal in overdose. In-vitro data suggest that high concentrations and thus high doses are needed for COVID-19 infections, but as yet there is no convincing evidence of clinical efficacy. Bayesian regression models were fitted to survival outcomes and electrocardiograph QRS durations from 302 prospectively studied French patients who had taken intentional chloroquine overdoses, of whom 33 died (11%), and 16 healthy volunteers who took 620 mg base chloroquine single doses. Whole blood concentrations of 13.5 µmol/L (95% credible interval 10.1–17.7) were associated with 1% mortality. Prolongation of ventricular depolarization is concentration-dependent with a QRS duration >150 msec independently highly predictive of mortality in chloroquine self-poisoning. Pharmacokinetic modeling predicts that most high dose regimens trialled in COVID-19 are unlikely to cause serious cardiovascular toxicity.
?Amphictis(Carnivora, Ailuridae) from the Belgrade Formation of North Carolina, USA
Authors: Baskin Jon , Dickinson Edwin , DuBois John , Galiano Henry , Hartstone-Rose Adam
Published: July 2020

Miocene terrestrial mammals are poorly known from the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Fossils of the Order Carnivora from this time and region are especially rare. We describe a carnivoran mandible with a p4 from the late Oligocene or early early Miocene Belgrade Formation in Jones County, North Carolina. Comparisons are made with carnivoran jaws with similar premolar and molar lengths from the late Oligocene and Miocene of North America and Eurasia. These indicate that the North Carolina jaw is assignable to the Ailuridae, a family whose only living member is the red panda. The jaw is tentatively referred toAmphictis, a genus known elsewhere from the late Oligocene and early Miocene of Europe and the early Miocene (Hemingfordian) of North America.

The North Carolina mandible compares best with the late Oligocene (MP 28)Amphictis ambiguusfrom Pech du Fraysse, France, the oldest known member of the Family Ailuridae, and with the early Miocene (MN 1–MN 2a)A. schlosserifrom southwestern Germany. This identification is compatible with a late late Arikareean (Ar4, early Miocene, MN 2-3 equivalent) age assignment for the other terrestrial mammals of the Belgrade Formation.
Assessment of Nutritional Properties and Heavy Metal Composition of African Giant Land Snails (Archachatina marginata) and Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from Ekowe Community
Authors: Ogidi Odangowei Inetiminebi , Charles Eruom Esther , Onimisi Adubazi Momohjimoh , Amugeh Ruth
Published: July 2020

Aims: This research was aimed at assessing the nutritional properties and heavy metal compositions of African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata) and clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from Ekowe community.

Methodology: Mineral and vitamin contents were analyzed using the standard method of Association of Analytical Chemist. While standard wet digestion procedure was adopted in the sample preparation, heavy metals were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer technique.

Results: Moisture contents were 76±0.63% & 78.4±0.06%, ash content, 1.37±0.01% & 3.45±0.01%, crude protein, 18.62±0.74% & 12.74±0.01% and lipid, 1.34±0.01% & 0.07±0.01% for Archachatina marginata and Mercenaria mercenaria respectively. Mineral contents were in this order: Ca > K > PO4> Mg > Na > Fe >Mn for Archachatina marginata while Mercenaria mercenaria was Ca> K > PO4 > Mg > Fe >Mn> Na. Vitamins profiles in Archachatina marginata were 5.20±0.198%, 0.144±0.004%, 0.05±0.003% and 0.78±0.035% for vitamin A, B1, B2 & E respectively. While Mercenaria mercenaria was 3.93±0.070%, 0.13±0.0025%, 0.075±0.001% & 0.84±0.01% for vitamins A, B1, B2 & E respectively. Heavy metal results in Archachatina marginata was in order of Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Cr while for Mercenaria mercenaria was Zn > Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni.

Conclusion: These metal values were low and within the WHO permissible limits. The result shows that snail could complement the required micro and macro nutrients and vitamins needed for proper growth and development in human and hence recommended for regular consumption.
Production and Quality Evaluation of Cheese from Soy and Coconut Milk Using Selected Coagulants
Authors: Ayodeji Agboola Adebiyi , Ahure Dinnah , Efiong Esienanwan Esien , Acham Israel Okpunyi
Published: July 2020

Cheese was produced from soy milk, cow milk and coconut milk using lime, lemon and rennet as coagulants. The effect of these coagulants on proximate composition, coagulation time, percentage yield, peroxide value, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBA-RS), micro-biological and sensory qualities of the formulated cheese was evaluated using standard methods. Nine samples were designed for this study. The moisture content of rennet coagulated cheese was significantly higher than lime and lemon coagulated cheese, while the protein content of lime coagulated cheese was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of lemon and rennet coagulated cheese. The crude fat and total ash contents of cheese made from cow milk were superior to those made from soy milk and coconut milk. The fibre content of lime coagulated cheese was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than lemon and rennet coagulated cheese. The coagulation time and percentage yield of the cheese samples did not follow a definite trend and ranged between 19-147 sec and 12.40-28.70% respectively. Aside samples DSL and HCL, all the other freshly prepared cheese samples fell within the standard value of 10 mEq/kg. However, with an increase in storage time, virtually all the samples became rancid. With an increase in storage time. Similar trend was observed in the TBA-RS of the cheese samples. All the samples were microbiologically safe for human consumption and the cheese samples were organoleptically acceptable, since their sensory scores were above average. The study established that cheese produced from fresh cow milk, soy milk and coconut milk coagulated with lime, lemon and rennet showed to a large extent significant differences in their chemical composition, percentage yield and coagulation time. The peroxide value and TBA-RS determination from this study showed that the cheese could not stay longer than a day on the shelf, unless it is refrigerated.
Impact of Technology Demonstration on Productivity of Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) in North Eastern Ghat Zone of Odisha
Authors: Samantaray S. K. , Rahman F. H. , Panda P. K. , Patri D. , Sahu S.
Published: July 2020

The study was conducted to recognize the technological impact of proper package of practice for the production and productivity of Greengram in comparison to the traditional practices followed by the farmers of Ganjam district of Odisha. To enable impact assessment 100 farmers of which 50 farmers followed technology demonstration and 50 followed traditional method of cultivation were selected for the study. The results of technology demonstrations showed that farmers got increased productivity of Greengram notably by switching over to improved variety and adoption of improved production technology. From the experiment it was observed that the improved Greengram variety IPM 02-14 recorded the 42.5% higher yield compared to the local variety PDM-139. Technology gap and the technology index values were 230 kg/ha and 23%, respectively. Farmers are experiencing yield loss due to the high incidence of yellow mosaic vein diseases of the crop. The increment in productivity of the crop under technology demonstrations was not only due the adopting improved variety which is resistant to yellow mosaic vein diseases but also following other attributing factors like seed treatment with bio-fertilizers, proper seed rate, application of herbicide, judicious dose of fertilizers and plant protection measure.
TRIP suppresses cell proliferation and invasion in choroidal melanoma via promoting the proteasomal degradation of Twist1
Authors: Wei Chao , Zhao Xiaofei , Wang Lei , Zhang Han
Published: July 2020

Choroidal melanoma (CM) remains the most prevalent form of intraocular malignancy, and the prognosis of affected patients is poor. While the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF‐interacting protein (TRIP) is known to play key regulatory roles in multiple diseases, its relevance in CM remains uncertain. In the present study, we found that TRIP overexpression is sufficient to inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CM cells in vitro, whereas the opposite phenotypes are observed following TRIP knockdown. We further determined that TRIP is able to promote the K48‐polyubiquitination of EMT‐associated transcription factor Twist‐related protein 1, thereby suppressing EMT progression. Together, our results suggest that TRIP plays an important role in regulating the progression of CM and that it may therefore be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
Celebrity Bloggers and Vloggers
Authors: Jorge Ana
Published: July 2020

Social media have opened up the way for two trends in celebrity culture: celebrities from “traditional” spheres have embraced social media to create direct relationships with audiences; and ordinary users have gained visibility using a microcelebrity technique to become increasingly acknowledged as social media influencers. Celebrities and influencers use blogs and vlogs, in combination with other social media, to narrate their everyday lives in order to create an authentic persona to their audiences, which is seen as part of self‐branding inherent to neoliberalist culture. While sharing what were previously private moments, such as breastfeeding or time with their children, may approximate celebrities and microcelebrities from ordinary audiences, and while some opportunities for non‐normative gender and sexual identities exist, the prevalent representation on social media consists of an articulation of empowerment and consumerism that is aggravated regarding women and girls. Elements of celebrity and microcelebrity cultures have even incorporated a “feminist chic” narrative, which can, at best, contest some of the inequality in these cultural fields, or merely represent a superficial and anodyne form of feminism. Moreover, social media have attracted female cultural producers without contesting the inequality of the wider post‐Fordist economy, while their functioning within an attention economy have continued and accentuated the emotional labor necessary to attract and maintain audiences familiar with celebrity culture.
Children, Young People, and Online Sexual Content
Authors: Chronaki Despina
Published: July 2020

This entry provides an overview of the available research on children and online sexual content. The proliferation of online media has made the topic of young people's experiences with sexual content even more paramount within media research. Most studies on the topic still draw on psychological approaches to both childhood and sexuality, aiming at proving a causal relationship between experiences with sexual content and potential effects on young people. Since 2004, cultural studies scholars have started providing systematic empirical analyses of the ways in which young people construct sexuality but also childhood through talking about experiences with representations of sex, love, and romance in the media. Since 2007, networks such as the EU Kids Online have introduced an approach to young people's experiences with online media, sexuality included, understood within a binary of risk and safety, what was later called the “communication risk” paradigm. Notwithstanding, the epistemological approach, young people's experiences with sexual content online and offline has been constantly attracting public, academic, and policy interest with a sharp focus on ways in which childhood should be governed when it comes to sexuality.
Fans and Fan Cultures
Authors: Deller Ruth A.
Published: July 2020

This entry reviews gender and fan studies and explores how ideas about femininity, masculinity, and queerness have been researched and represented, from early work with subcultures to more recent work dealing with online communities. It highlights key themes such as identity, community, media representation, and fan creativity and provides an overview of some of the key debates and studies within the field. Fan studies is a significant site of analysis where the complexities of gender and its relationship to media and culture are interrogated.
Men's Rights Movement/Activism
Authors: de Coning Alexis
Published: July 2020

The men's rights movement has gained mainstream media attention and become a site of academic inquiry over the last two to three decades. The plethora of men's rights communities, media platforms, and concerns is diverse and requires critical attention to the nuances among different men's rights activists' goals and grievances. However, overarching interests and strategies can be identified; furthermore, the historical development of this social phenomenon provides an entry point to consider the similarities and differences among various men's rights groups. While men's rights online media and communities seem predominantly Western, the movement is growing in non‐Western countries too—notably in India.
Online Identities and Gender Norms
Authors: White Michele
Published: July 2020

Individuals are thought to have unique characteristics, to be coherently embodied, and to be agentive in contemporary Western society. Identity is associated with the individual's understanding of the self, a person's self‐presentations, other people's view of the individual, state and cultural conceptions of the individual, and technological readings and renderings of the person. The internet has confirmed and challenged these cultural conceptions of the unique, authentic, and unchanging individual because people produce and engage with versions of the online self. Online identities can be defined as constructed personas, which are maintained by system participants and technologies. Thus, people's online practices can support stable notions of the individual and their behaviors can have more destabilizing implications for these conceptions of the coherent person and body when they do not distinguish between the self and companies, products, technologies, and other individuals. Online identities can be associated with or distinguished from aspects of people's everyday identities, including their gender, race, sexuality, age, and class. While online identities were once associated with opportunities to employ the internet anonymously, social networking and the economic value of people's data have resulted in increased forms of verification and tracking. This entry details varied aspects of online identities, including the ways people are constituted through sign‐up forms, avatars, the design and interface features of online sites, emoticons, and algorithms.
Religion, Gender, and Digital Media
Authors: Tsuria Ruth
Published: July 2020

The study of digital media and gender suggests that digital tools can help break binaries and existing institutions, but also operate within existing gendered cultural systems. In the case of religious institutions and cultural systems, digital media is currently playing a significant role in framing, constructing, enforcing, negotiating, and resisting traditional gender and sexual norms. This is exemplified in online communities, such as the Gay Christian Network (rebranded in 2018 as Q Christian Fellowship), and Christian bloggers calling wives to obey their husbands. Therefore, scholars of religion and gender online argue that digital communication is pivotal in constructing a personal identity and the religious social structures at large. This entry will explore further prime examples from scholarship regarding the roles that digital media play in the construction and negotiation of gender and sexual norms in religious communities.
Women's Activism
Authors: Pavan Elena
Published: July 2020

Intersections between women's activism and media existed well before the digital age. In the suffragist movements as much as in the most recent feminist mobilizations, instances of women's activism are endowed with specific media artifacts; women activists perceive and exploit these technologies in different ways depending on their needs, goals, and skills; and media discourses contribute to the broader gendered opportunity structure by supporting or opposing protest actions and claims. Thus, media cross the long‐term struggle for gender equality, empowerment, and the recognition of women's rights in two main ways. On the one hand, media intersect movement strategies insofar as women activists account for mass and digital media in their courses of contentious action. On the other hand, media are also protest targets in all those cases in which activists struggle to change media working logics, stereotyped representations of gender, and the overall tendency to maintain largely exclusionary governance structures and decision‐making procedures.
Body Image Theories
Authors: Cunha Maria João Fonseca Leitão
Published: July 2020

Analyzing body image as a gendered construction implies departing from the idea that mind and body are inseparable and therefore that physiological, psychological, and sociological aspects are intertwined, although with different meanings for men and women. It thus represents a “third term” between mind and body from a constructivist perspective.

Body image concept is analyzed to determine how it has been constructed, from psychological to sociological perspectives and with a gendered perspective, considering that one of third‐wave feminists' main concerns is body image, emphasizing how women are depicted in the media as a means of continuing to oppress women and causing biased body image and low self‐esteem. The focus is on body image: from its two main dimensions of self‐evaluation and body investment. These dimensions include social meanings of bodies and the role they play in societies. The notion of “body projects” is also taken into account to determine how pressures to a certain body ideal are placed on women, for whom the construction of a socially acceptable self implies looking sexually desirable and mostly thin, which implies a relation between body image and eating disorders.
Celebrity
Authors: Moro Sabrina
Published: July 2020

Celebrity culture is a vibrant and rapidly expanding facet of the contemporary mediascape and it has aroused analysis both in the media and in the humanities and social sciences. Fame is central to the production of meaning in modern everyday life: Hollywood stars personify the desire for social mobility; social media microcelebrities embody the cultural logic of self‐branding that values visibility in the competitive economy of attention; and reality TV celebrities reify the cultural hierarchies at play in celebrity culture. These forms of media visibility are tied to specific gendered form of embodiment and consumption. Not only is the production and circulation of fame gendered, but fan and audience engagement with stars also informs complex processes of gender identification. Consequently, critical inquiries into regimes of fame are crucial to understanding modalities of public personhood in consumerist capitalism. The polysemy of celebrity makes it an important field of inquiry within media studies, rife with social, political, and cultural implications.