bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(2R,2′S)-2,2′-Bipiperidine-1,1′-diium dibromide
Authors: Yang Guang , Noll Bruce C. , Rybak-Akimova Elena V.
Published: October 2013

The title compound, C10H22N22+·2Br−, was synthesizedviareduction of 2,2′-dipyridyl with Ni–Al alloy/KOH, followed by separation of diastereoisomers (mesoandrac) by recrystallization from ethanol. Although the two bridging C atoms are optically active, these two chiral centers adopt an (S,R) configuration; thus, the title compound contains an achiralmesoform of 2,2′-bipiperidine. Both of the piperidinium rings adopt chair conformations, and the two N atoms aretransto each other; an inversion center is located in the mid-point of the central C—C bond. The conformation of the organic moiety resembles that of 1,1′-bi(cyclohexane). The organic diammonium cations are linked to each other through hydrogen bonding with bromide counter-ions, each of which forms two hydrogen bonds (N—H...Br) with two adjacent organic cations, thus linking the latter together in sheets parallel to (100).
(1R,4R,6S,7S)-5,5-Dichloro-1,4,8,8-tetramethyltricyclo[5.4.11,7.04,6]dodecan-12-one
Authors: Benharref Ahmed , EL Karroumi Jamal , Daran Jean-Claude , Berraho Moha
Published: October 2013

The title compound, C16H24Cl2O, was synthesized in three steps from β-himachalene (3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-benzocycloheptene), which was isolated from essential oil of the Atlas cedar (cedrus atlantica). The asymmetric unit contains two independent molecules with similar conformations. Each molecule is built up from two fused seven-membered rings and an additional three-membered ring arising from the reaction of himachalene with dichlorocarbene. The dihedral angles between the mean planes of the two seven-membered rings are 75.03 (9) and 75.02 (9)° in the two independent molecules.
6-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole
Authors: Bunev Alexander S. , Sukhonosova Elena V. , Statsyuk Vladimir E. , Ostapenko Gennady I. , Khrustalev Victor N.
Published: October 2013

In the title compound, C12H9ClN2S, the imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole fragment is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.003 Å), and the benzene ring is twisted slightly [by 5.65 (6)°] relative to this moiety. In the crystal, molecules are linked by π–π stacking interactions into columns along [010]. The molecules within the columns are arranged alternatively by their planar rotation of 180°. Thus, in the columns, there are the two types of π–π stacking interactions, namely, (i) between two imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole fragments [interplanar distance = 3.351 (2) Å] and (ii) between an imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole fragment and the phenyl ring [interplanar distance = 3.410 (5) Å]. There are no short contacts between the columns.
A triclinic polymorph of dicadmium divanadate(V)
Authors: Ould Saleck Ahmed , Assani Abderrazzak , Saadi Mohamed , El Ammari Lahcen
Published: October 2013

The title compound, Cd2V2O7, was obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Different from the known monoclinic form, the new polymorph of Cd2V2O7has triclinic symmetry and is isotypic with Ca2V2O7. The building units of the crystal structure are two Cd2+cations, with coordination numbers of six and seven, and two V atoms with a tetrahedral and a significantly distorted trigonal–pyramidal coordination environment, respectively. Two VO5pyramids share an edge and each pyramid is connected to one VO4tetrahedronviaa corner atom, forming an isolated V4O148−anion. These anions are arranged in sheets parallel to (-211) and are linked through the Cd2+cations into a three-dimensional framework structure.
N,N,N-Tributylbutan-1-aminium (T-4)-(cyano-κC)trihydroborate
Authors: Maris Thierry
Published: October 2013

In the crystal structure of the title salt, C16H36N+·CH3BN−, the tetra-n-butylammonium cations and [BH3(CN)]−anions are connectedviaweak C—H...N interactions, forming chains along theb-axis direction. The anion is almost linear with an N—C—B angle of 178.7 (2)°. The C—N—C angle values at the core of the tetra-n-butylammonium cation range from 105.74 (11) to 111.35 (11)° with an average of 109.49 (11)°, close to the ideal tetrahedral value.
catena-Poly[bis[dimethyl(pyridine-κN)indium(III)]-μ4-benzene-1,3-diolato-bis[dimethylindium(III)]-μ4-benzene-1,3-diolato]
Authors: Briand Glen G. , Decken Andreas , Hoey Marshall R.
Published: October 2013

The title compound, [In2(CH3)4(C6H4O2)(C5H5N)] or [{(CH3)2In}(1,3-O2C6H4){In(CH3)2(py)}]n, (py = pyridine) contains two crystallographically unique InIIIions which are in distorted tetrahedral C2O2and distorted trigonal-bipyramidal C2O2N coordination environments. The InIIIcoordination centers are bridged head-to-headviaIn—O bonds, yielding four-membered In2O2rings and zigzag polymeric chains along [001].
N-(2-Chloroacetyl)glycine
Authors: Zhang Yu-Cheng , Zhang Xiu-Qin , Wang Kai , Chen Qiang
Published: October 2013

The title compound, C4H6ClNO3, crystallizes with two independent molecules (AandB) in the asymmetric unit. In each molecule, there are N—H...O and N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds. Both molecules are relatively planar, with the mean plane of the acetamide [N—C(=O)C] group being inclined to the mean plane of the acetate group [C—C(=O)O] by 9.23 (13)° in moleculeAand 6.23 (12)° in moleculeB. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H...O contacts forming –A–A–A– and –B–B–B– parallel chains propagating along thea-axis direction.
Analysis of transcriptomes of three orb‐web spider species reveals gene profiles involved in silk and toxin
Authors: Zhao Ying‐Jun , Zeng Yan , Chen Lei , Dong Yang , Wang Wen
Published: October 2013

As an ancient arthropod with a history of 390 million years, spiders evolved numerous morphological forms resulting from adaptation to different environments. The venom and silk of spiders, which have promising commercial applications in agriculture, medicine and engineering fields, are of special interests to researchers. However, little is known about their genomic components, which hinders not only understanding spider biology but also utilizing their valuable genes. Here we report on deep sequenced and de novo assembled transcriptomes of three orb‐web spider species, Gasteracantha arcuata, Nasoonaria sinensis and Gasteracantha hasselti which are distributed in tropical forests of south China. With Illumina paired‐end RNA‐seq technology, 54 871, 101 855 and 75 455 unigenes for the three spider species were obtained, respectively, among which 9 300, 10 001 and 10 494 unique genes are annotated, respectively. From these annotated unigenes, we comprehensively analyzed silk and toxin gene components and structures for the three spider species. Our study provides valuable transcriptome data for three spider species which previously lacked any genetic/genomic data. The results have laid the first fundamental genomic basis for exploiting gene resources from these spiders.
Rethinking Geopolitics: Climate Security in the Anthropocene
Authors: Dalby Simon
Published: October 2013

Climate change has become a matter of security in recent policy discussions. The scale of the transformations we are living through is slowly dawning on policy makers. But the implications for both security and policy making in general of our new geological conditions, our living in the new geological epoch of the Anthropocene, have yet to be thought through carefully. The basic geopolitical premises in security thinking are now in need of a radical overhaul in light of the insights from Earth system science. Simplistic assumptions of environmental change leading directly to conflict are misleading at best and dangerous at worst. Climate security discussions now have to engage directly with global environmental change and with Earth systems science in particular. Climate security in the long run is not a matter of environmental change causing political difficulties, but rather a matter of contemporary political difficulties causing accelerating climate change. Climate change is a production problem, not one that can be managed in the terms of traditional environmental thinking; security thinking needs to focus on the implications of this rethinking of traditional geopolitical assumptions.
Queer Worldings: The Messy Art of Being Global in Manila and New York
Authors: Manalansan Martin F.
Published: October 2013

This essay is an exploration of queer (im)possibilities and of the “worlding” of urban spaces by focusing on voices from below. Using ethnographic fieldwork and queer theory to bear upon a conceptualization of “queer “and urban world‐making in terms of mess, this essay focuses on the lives of two Filipino working class queers living in Manila and New York. Located at the fringes of gay global modernity, these subjects inhabit recalcitrant and chaotic spaces and quotidian practices that re‐narrate and resist the idealized integrative spatial order of global queer cities. This essay contributes to a critical theorization of queerness and urban spatial politics within a transnational framework.
Heavy menstrual bleeding significantly affects quality of life
Authors: Karlsson Trine S. , Marions Lena B. , Edlund Måns G.
Published: October 2013

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of women subjectively experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding in the general population and their health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with women experiencing normal menstrual blood loss.

Design

Community‐based cross‐sectional descriptive survey on a randomized sample of the Swedish general population.

Settings

Invitation by e‐mail to join an online questionnaire in Sweden, conducted in June 2012.

Population

1547 women, aged 40–45 years old.

Methods

Web‐based questionnaire consisting of disease‐specific questions, concerning the perceptions of menstrual bleeding, in combination with the generic Short Form‐36v2 (SF‐36) Health Survey Questionnaire to evaluate HRQoL.

Results

We found that 32% of women experienced heavy menstrual bleeding, 39% normal menstrual blood loss, 15% light menstrual blood loss and 14% no menstruation. In general, menstrual bleeding was associated with negative perceptions and limited social and professional activities, although all areas were significantly more affected in women experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding than normal menstrual bleeding. The SF‐36 showed that women experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding had significantly worse HRQoL compared with women with normal menstrual bleeding in all domains.

Conclusion

Of women 40–45 years old, 32% experience heavy menstrual bleeding. These women have significantly worse HRQoL compared with women with normal menstruation patterns.
Costs of medically assisted reproduction treatment at specialized fertility clinics in the Danish public health care system: results from a 5‐year follow‐up cohort study
Authors: Christiansen Terkel , Erb Karin , Rizvanovic Amra , Ziebe Søren , Mikkelsen Englund Anne L. , Hald Finn , Boivin Jacky , Schmidt Lone
Published: October 2013

Objective

To examine the costs to the public health care system of couples in medically assisted reproduction.

Design

Longitudinal cohort study of infertile couples initiating medically assisted reproduction treatment.

Setting

Specialized public fertility clinics in Denmark.

Sample

Seven hundred and thirty‐nine couples having no child at study entry and with data on kind of treatment and live birth (yes/no) for each treatment attempt at the specialized public fertility clinic.

Methods

Treatment data for medically assisted reproduction attempts conducted at the public fertility clinics were abstracted from medical records. Flow diagrams were drawn for different standard treatment cycles and direct costs at each stage in the flow charts were measured and valued by a bottom‐up procedure. Indirect costs were distributed to each treatment cycle on the basis of number of visits as basis. Costs were adjusted to 2012 prices using a constructed medical price index.

Main outcome measures

Live birth, costs.

Results

Total costs per live birth in 2012 prices were estimated to 10 755€. Costs per treated couple – irrespective of whether the treatment was terminated by a live birth or not – were estimated at 6607€. Costs per live birth of women <35 years at treatment initiation were 9338€ and 15 040€ for women ≥35 years.

Conclusion

The public costs for live births after conception with medically assisted reproduction treatment are relatively modest. The results can be generalized to public fertility treatment in Denmark and to other public treatment settings with similar limitations in numbers of public treatment cycles offered.
Postoperative levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system versus oral contraceptives after gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist treatment for preventing endometrioma recurrence
Authors: Cho Sihyun , Jung Ji Ann , Lee Yousun , Kim Hye Yeon , Seo Seok Kyo , Choi Young Sik , Lee Ji Sung , Lee Byung Seok
Published: October 2013

Objective

Although the levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) is effective in reducing the recurrence of endometriosis‐associated pain, its efficacy in preventing endometrioma recurrence is questionable. We compared the efficacy of postoperative use ofLNG‐IUSwith oral contraceptives (OC) for preventing endometrioma recurrence.

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Medical university hospital.

Population

Ninety‐nine women with endometriomas.

Methods

A chart review was performed of women of reproductive age who had undergone laparoscopic surgery for endometrioma followed by three cycles of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (leuprolide acetate) treatment. Women were categorized into two groups: a group that had postoperativeLNG‐IUSplacement (n = 42) and a group that received postoperative, cyclic, low‐dose, monophasic,OCs (n = 57).

Main outcome measures

Endometrioma recurrence was analyzed according to several clinical variables and postoperative treatment modalities.

Results

During the follow‐up period (median 17 months), recurrent endometriomas were detected in eight women (8.1%). Patients withLNG‐IUShad a recurrence rate of 4.8% (2/42), whereas women receivingOChad a recurrence rate of 10.5% (6/57). Cumulative recurrence‐free survival assessment revealed that mean disease‐free survival times for both groups were similar, but that forLNG‐IUSwas slightly longer than that forOC, with statistical significance (34.4 ± 1.0 months, 95% confidence interval 32.3–36.5, vs. 33.4 ± 1.3 months, 95% confidence interval 30.8–36.0,p = 0.045). Univariate analysis revealed a hazard ratio of 0.178 (95% confidence interval 0.029–1.075) (p = 0.060) for postoperativeLNG‐IUSuse and endometrioma recurrence. However, for the multivariate regression analysis, only postoperative serumCA 125 levels were significantly associated with endometrioma recurrence (hazard ratio 1.012,p = 0.010).

Conclusions

PostoperativeLNG‐IUSuse seemed to be comparable to the use of cyclicOCin preventing endometrioma recurrence.
Cerebral maturation on amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography and perinatal exposures in preterm infants
Authors: Reynolds Lauren C , Pineda Roberta G , Mathur Amit , Vavasseur Claudine , Shah Divyen K , Liao Steve , Inder Terrie
Published: October 2013

Aim

To determine the associations between perinatal exposures, cerebral maturation on amplitude‐integrated encephalography (aEEG) and outcome.

Methods

During this prospective cohort study, 136 infants ≤30 weeks estimated gestational age received 4 h of aEEG at four time points (between the first 2 weeks of life and term‐equivalent age) during hospitalisation. Perinatal factors were documented. Associations between perinatal exposures and Burdjalov‐scores were investigated. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at the age of two.

Results

Immature cyclicity on the initial aEEG recording was associated with higher CRIB score (p = 0.01), vaginal delivery (p = 0.02), male gender (p < 0.01) and death (p = 0.01). Perinatal factors associated with lower Burdjalov‐scores included cerebral injury (p < 0.01), sepsis (p < 0.01), lower caffeine dose (p = 0.006), prolonged mechanical ventilation (p = 0.002) and death (p < 0.01). Burdjalov‐scores at 30 (β = 2.62, p < 0.01) and 34 weeks postmenstrual age (β = 2.89, p = 0.05) predicted motor scores.

Conclusion

aEEG measures of cyclicity and Burdjalov‐scores in the first 6 weeks of life, with an emphasis on 30 and 34 weeks postmenstrual age, demonstrated associations with perinatal factors known to predict adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.
A Generalization of Chao's Estimator for Covariate Information
Authors: Böhning Dankmar , Vidal-Diez Alberto , Lerdsuwansri Rattana , Viwatwongkasem Chukiat , Arnold Mark
Published: October 2013

This note generalizes Chao's estimator of population size for closed capture–recapture studies if covariates are available. Chao's estimator was developed under unobserved heterogeneity in which case it represents a lower bound of the population size. If observed heterogeneity is available in form of covariates we show how this information can be used to reduce the bias of Chao's estimator. The key element in this development is the understanding and placement of Chao's estimator in a truncated Poisson likelihood. It is shown that a truncated Poisson likelihood (with log-link) with all counts truncated besides ones and twos is equivalent to a binomial likelihood (with logit-link). This enables the development of a generalized Chao estimator as the estimated, expected value of the frequency of zero counts under a truncated (all counts truncated except ones and twos) Poisson regression model. If the regression model accounts for the heterogeneity entirely, the generalized Chao estimator is asymptotically unbiased. A simulation study illustrates the potential in gain of bias reduction. Comparisons of the generalized Chao estimator with the homogeneous zero-truncated Poisson regression approach are supplied as well. The method is applied to a surveillance study on the completeness of farm submissions in Great Britain.
How insects overcome two‐component plant chemical defence: plant β‐glucosidases as the main target for herbivore adaptation
Authors: Pentzold Stefan , Zagrobelny Mika , Rook Fred , Bak Søren
Published: October 2013

Insect herbivory is often restricted by glucosylated plant chemical defence compounds that are activated by plant β‐glucosidases to release toxic aglucones upon plant tissue damage. Such two‐component plant defences are widespread in the plant kingdom and examples of these classes of compounds are alkaloid, benzoxazinoid, cyanogenic and iridoid glucosides as well as glucosinolates and salicinoids. Conversely, many insects have evolved a diversity of counter‐adaptations to overcome this type of constitutive chemical defence. Here we discuss that such counter‐adaptations occur at different time points, before and during feeding as well as during digestion, and at several levels such as the insects' feeding behaviour, physiology and metabolism. Insect adaptations frequently circumvent or counteract the activity of the plant β‐glucosidases, bioactivating enzymes that are a key element in the plant's two‐component chemical defence. These adaptations include host plant choice, non‐disruptive feeding guilds and various physiological adaptations as well as metabolic enzymatic strategies of the insect's digestive system. Furthermore, insect adaptations often act in combination, may exist in both generalists and specialists, and can act on different classes of defence compounds. We discuss how generalist and specialist insects appear to differ in their ability to use these different types of adaptations: in generalists, adaptations are often inducible, whereas in specialists they are often constitutive. Future studies are suggested to investigate in detail how insect adaptations act in combination to overcome plant chemical defences and to allow ecologically relevant conclusions.
Darwin Meets the King: Blending Sociology and Evolutionary Psychology to Explain Police Deviance
Authors: Parnaby Patrick F. , Buffone Sonya
Published: October 2013

Ce papier utilise la perspective de Parnaby et Leyden's () qui adapte l'approche de Merton de la déviance policière en incorporant des éléments de psychologie évolutionniste. Nous proposons que l'intégration de la psychologie évolutionniste contribue à un modèle théorique plus robuste. Plus précisément, nous considérons qu'une structure sociale anomique crée les conditions sociales par lesquelles des mécanismes psychologiques adaptifs qui coïncident avec les modes d'adaptation de Merton et se manifestent dans le comportement. Nous soulignons l'importance d'une intégration de la sociologie et de la psychologie évolutionniste et adressons certains malentendus sur cette dernière.

In this paper, we build on Parnaby and Leyden's () modified Mertonian approach to police deviance by incorporating elements of evolutionary psychology. It is our contention that an infusion of evolutionary psychology will lead to a more robust theoretical model. Specifically, we argue that an anomic social structure helps create the social conditions within which specific adaptive psychological mechanisms manifest behaviorally in ways that coincide with Merton's modes of adaptation. The importance of integrating sociology and evolutionary psychology is emphasized while a number of misunderstandings about the latter are addressed.
ADHD and transitions to adult mental health services: a scoping review
Authors: Swift K. D. , Sayal K. , Hollis C.
Published: October 2013

There is increased awareness that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continues into adulthood. Thus, health services are faced with a new challenge in providing a ‘smooth’ transition to adult services appropriate for young people with ADHD. This scoping review sought to identify the literature addressing transition for young people with ADHD to adult mental health services (AMHS). A scoping review, in which the search terms ‘ADHD’ and ‘Transition’ or ‘Transfer’ were entered into eight healthcare publication databases facilitated by NHS Evidence to identify both published and unpublished papers between 2000 and June 2013. Additional informal searches were also undertaken. Twenty‐three papers were selected for this review. This review confirms the lack of research explicitly tracking transition from Paediatrics/Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) to AMHS for young people with ADHD. Only four papers directly studying transition for ADHD patients were identified. Three further studies surveyed clinician perspectives. Taken together, the studies address a number of issues in relation to transition, including the developmental course of ADHD symptoms, appropriate adult care, knowledge and communication, unmet need, comorbidities, environmental demands and medication cessation/dosage during the transition period. While literature surrounding transition exists, the scope of the evidence showing successful and unsuccessful transition activity from Paediatric and CAMHS to AMHS for young people with ADHD is limited. Future quality research in the form of audits, longitudinal tracking studies and service evaluations are required if we are truly to understand and identify what is needed and currently available for successful transition to an appropriate adult service for ADHD patients.
BRAF V600 co‐testing is technically feasible in conventional thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology smears and can reduce the need for completion thyroidectomy
Authors: Poller D. N. , Glaysher S.
Published: October 2013

Introduction

While fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the mainstay of diagnosis in thyroid nodules, molecular markers of thyroid cancer have recently been shown to be of value in improving the diagnosis and reducing the rates of unnecessary surgery.

Method

A technical method is presented for the assessment of the BRAF V600 gene mutation in thyroid cancer using a simple adaptation of a commercially available kit. After standard preparation and reporting of conventionally stained alcohol‐fixed Papanicolaou or air‐dried Giemsa‐stained slides the coverslip is removed from one slide, the DNA is extracted and submitted for PCR analysis.

Results

Assessment of the BRAF V600 mutational status is feasible in very small quantities of DNA, requiring just greater than 5 ng per case from a single pre‐stained FNA slide using this method. From the 14 cases examined thus far, one Thy4/Bethesda Class V case (suspicious of malignancy) has been identified with a BRAF V600 mutation and this patient, after multidisciplinary discussion, received a total thyroidectomy.

Conclusion

Based on this methodology and other published results for the BRAF mutation, we believe that it is now feasible and cost effective for the UK NHS to BRAF co‐test all Thy4/Bethesda Class V thyroid FNAs, as the additional cost of BRAF testing will still be much less than the cost of submitting all Thy4 (Bethesda Class V) patients to a partial and then a later completion thyroidectomy.
Peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte/monocyte ratio as a useful prognostic factor in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in the rituximab era
Authors: Watanabe Reina , Tomita Naoto , Itabashi Megumi , Ishibashi Daisuke , Yamamoto Eri , Koyama Satoshi , Miyashita Kazuho , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Nakajima Yuki , Hattori Yukako , Motohashi Kenji , Takasaki Hirotaka , Ohshima Rika , Hashimoto Chizuko , Yamazaki Etsuko , Fujimaki Katsumichi , Sakai Rika , Fujisawa Shin , Motomura Shigeki , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki
Published: October 2013

Objectives

The tumor microenvironment, including tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and myeloid‐derived cells, is an important factor in the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of malignant lymphoma. However, the prognostic significance of peripheral lymphocytes and monocytes in lymphoma remains unclear.

Methods

We evaluated the prognostic impact of the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), absolute monocyte count (AMC), and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) in 359 diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R‐CHOP).

Results

The median follow‐up time of the surviving patients was 58 months. Low ALC and an elevated AMC were both associated with poor survival rates. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that LMR was the best predictor of survival, with 4.0 as the cutoff point. Patients with LMR ≤4.0 were more likely to have an aggressive tumor, and this was associated with poor treatment responses. Patients with LMR ≤4.0 at diagnosis had significantly poorer overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) than those with LMR >4.0. Multivariate analysis, which included prognostic factors of the International Prognostic Index, showed LMR ≤4.0 to be an independent predictor for the OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.507; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.255–5.007; P = 0.009) and PFS (HR, 2.063; 95% CI, 1.249–3.408; P = 0.005).

Conclusions

The LMR at diagnosis, as a simple index which reflects host systemic immunity, predicts clinical outcomes in DLBCL patients treated with R‐CHOP.
Dark‐field microscopy in the assessment of large colon microperfusion and mucosal injury in naturally occurring surgical disease of the equine large colon
Authors: Hurcombe S. D. , Welch B. R. , Williams J. M. , Cooper E. S. , Russell D. , Mudge M. C.
Published: October 2013

Reason for performing study

Intraoperative assessment of colonic viability can be challenging and largely subjective. Objective methods are often impractical. Viability is related to re‐establishment of colonic perfusion; particularly microvascular perfusion. This study evaluated the utility of dark‐field microscopy (DFM) of the colonic serosa as an objective method of assessing microperfusion.

Objectives

To measure microvascular perfusion indices (MPI) of the pelvic flexure serosa in horses with surgical colonic lesions and correlate these with macroperfusion indices (MaPI) and histomorphometry.

Study design

Prospective, clinical, case–control study.

Methods

Control horses and horses with colonic volvulus (LCV), displacement, and/or simple obstruction undergoing surgery hadDFMvideo loops performed on the pelvic flexure. Total vessel density, perfused vessel density, proportion of perfusion vessels and microvascular flow index were calculated from video analysis. Macroperfusion indices (arterial blood pressure and heart rate) were recorded. Histomorphometry was used to determine a mucosal injury score. Differences between lesions forMPI,MaPIand histomorphometry were compared usingANOVAorKruskal–Wallis statistic. Spearman correlations betweenMPIwithMaPIwere performed. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship betweenMPIand histomorphometry. P<0.05 was significant.

Results

Horses withLCVhad lower perfused vessel density, proportion of microvascular perfusion vessels and flow index than horses with nonstrangulating obstructions and control horses. Macroperfusion indices were not correlated withMPIbutMPIwere correlated with histomorphometry.

Conclusions

Dark‐field microscopy is achievable in the operating room and can quantifyMPIfrom the colonic serosa in different colonic lesions. Macroperfusion indices were not related with colonicMPI. Microvascular perfusion indices can predict the severity of histopathological change at the pelvic flexure. Derangements ofMPImay be more useful indicators of colonic pathology and viability and offer a more objective assessment of intestinal injury than subjective methods. Further study is needed to determine the utility ofDFMin predicting survival in horses withLCV.
Challenges for an enzymatic reaction kinetics database
Authors: Wittig Ulrike , Rey Maja , Kania Renate , Bittkowski Meik , Shi Lei , Golebiewski Martin , Weidemann Andreas , Müller Wolfgang , Rojas Isabel
Published: October 2013

The scientific literature contains a tremendous amount of kinetic data describing the dynamic behaviour of biochemical reactions over time. These data are needed for computational modelling to create models of biochemical reaction networks and to obtain a better understanding of the processes in living cells. To extract the knowledge from the literature, biocurators are required to understand a paper and interpret the data. For modellers, as well as experimentalists, this process is very time consuming because the information is distributed across the publication and, in most cases, is insufficiently structured and often described without standard terminology. In recent years, biological databases for different data types have been developed. The advantages of these databases lie in their unified structure, searchability and the potential for augmented analysis by software, which supports the modelling process. We have developed the SABIO‐RK database for biochemical reaction kinetics. In the present review, we describe the challenges for database developers and curators, beginning with an analysis of relevant publications up to the export of database information in a standardized format. The aim of the present review is to draw the experimentalist's attention to the problem (from a data integration point of view) of incompletely and imprecisely written publications. We describe how to lower the barrier to curators and improve this situation. At the same time, we are aware that curating experimental data takes time. There is a community concerned with making the task of publishing data with the proper structure and annotation to ontologies much easier. In this respect, we highlight some useful initiatives and tools.
Climatic niche at physiological and macroecological scales: the thermal tolerance–geographical range interface and niche dimensionality
Authors: Gouveia Sidney F. , Hortal Joaquín , Tejedo Miguel , Duarte Helder , Cassemiro Fernanda A. S. , Navas Carlos A. , Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre F.
Published: October 2013

Aim

Under theHutchinsonian concept of the realized niche, biotic interactions and dispersal limitation may prevent species from fully occupying areas that they could tolerate physiologically. This can hamper the translation of physiological limits into climatically defined range limits and distorts inferences of evolutionary changes of the adaptive limits (i.e. niche conservatism). In contrast, heritable physiological limits should conform more closely to the position of the niche in the climatic hyperspace. Here, we hypothesize that a measure of niche position in the climatic hyperspace is more reliable than niche boundaries to capture the variability and evolutionary pattern of physiological tolerance.

Location

Neotropics andPalaeartic.

Methods

We used phylogenetic and non‐phylogenetic regressions to test the relationships between physiological requirements and macroecological niche features (i.e. based on known species distributions) among anurans. We use larval critical thermal maximum (CTmax) as a measure of physiological response and maximum temperature (Tmax), temperature variability (Tvar) and the position and breadth of niche in climatic hyperspace as measures of the realized niche in geographical space. We also compare evolutionary rates among these parameters using the phylogenetic signal representation curve.

Results

CTmaxis better correlated with niche position (r2 = 0.414) than withTvar, andCTmaxis unrelated to eitherTmaxor niche breadth.CTmaxand macroecological niche position also show similar and rapid evolutionary rates, i.e. faster thanBrownian motion, whereasTmaxandTvarevolve more slowly and niche breadth evolves at random.

Main conclusions

The transferability between thermal tolerance and realized climatic niche limits is weak. Only macroecological niche position in the multivariate climatic hyperspace correlates with physiological tolerance. It thus appears to be more suitable for describing the variability and evolutionary pattern of the species' adaptive limits. We link these results to ‘niche dimensionality’, in that multiple interacting factors outweigh single factors in demarcating the species' realized climatic niche, thereby determining the conserved upper thermal limits of the species.
TAX COMPETITION, RELATIVE PERFORMANCE, AND POLICY IMITATION
Authors: WAGENER ANDREAS
Published: October 2013

Rather than about their absolute payoffs, governments in fiscal competition often seem to care about their performance relative to other governments. Moreover, they often appear to mimic policies observed elsewhere. I study such behavior in a standard tax competition game. Both with relative payoff concerns and for imitative policies, evolutionary stability for games with finitely many players is the appropriate solution concept. Independently of the number of jurisdictions involved, an evolutionarily stable tax policy coincides with the competitive outcome of a tax competition game with infinitely many players. It, thus, involves drastic efficiency losses.
Characterization and Piezoelectric Properties of Reactively Sputtered (Sc, Al)N Thin Films on Diamond Structure
Authors: Wu Sean , Wu Meng Ying , Huang Jow‐Lay , Lii Ding‐Fwu
Published: October 2013

Highly oriented wurtzite (Sc, Al)N films were deposited on a diamond/silicon by a co‐sputtering system. The results showed that the formation of ScxAl1−xN alloys causes a lattice distortion during the phase transition, and this intermediate phase induces a large piezoelectric response. When the scandium concentration increased up to the solution limit of scandium in aluminum nitride (measured data are about 12 at.%), the piezoelectric coefficient of (Sc, Al)N film is four times larger than pure AlN layer. After annealing process, the d33 value of (Sc, Al)N can be increased to a maximum of 20.073 pC/N.
Curcuma pygmaea sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam and notes on two related species C. parviflora and C. thorelii.
Authors: Leong‐Škorničková Jana , Šída Otakar , Đăng Trần Hữ’u
Published: October 2013

Curcuma pygmaeaŠkorničk. & Šída f. (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Vietnam, is described and illustrated. Notes on its closest allies in Curcuma subgenus Hitcheniopsis, C. parviflora Wall. and C. thorelii Gagnep., are provided and a lectotype of C. thorelii is designated.
Oral health education and therapy reduces gingivitis during pregnancy
Authors: Geisinger Maria L. , Geurs Nicolaas C. , Bain Jennifer L. , Kaur Maninder , Vassilopoulos Philip J. , Cliver Suzanne P. , Hauth John C. , Reddy Michael S.
Published: October 2013

Background

Pregnant women demonstrate increases in gingivitis despite similar plaque levels to non‐pregnant counterparts.

Aim

To evaluate an intensive protocol aimed at reducing gingivitis in pregnant women and provide pilot data for large‐scale randomized controlled trials investigating oral hygiene measures to reduce pregnancy gingivitis and alter maternity outcomes.

Materials and Methods

One hundred and twenty participants between 16 and 24 weeks gestation with Gingival Index (GI) scores ≥2 at ≥50% of tooth sites were enrolled. Plaque index (PI), gingival inflammation (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were recorded at baseline and 8 weeks. Dental prophylaxis was performed at baseline and oral hygiene instructions at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded at parturition. Mixed‐model analysis of variance was used to compare clinical measurements at baseline and 8 weeks.

Results

Statistically significant reductions in PI, GI, PD, and CAL occurred over the study period. Mean whole mouth PI and GI scores decreased approximately 50% and the percentage of sites with PI and GI ≥2 decreased from 40% to 17% and 53% to 21.8%, respectively. Mean decreases in whole mouth PD and CAL of 0.45 and 0.24 mm, respectively, were seen.

Conclusions

Intensive oral hygiene regimen decreased gingivitis in pregnant patients.
Spontaneous peer conversation in preschoolers with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorder versus typical development
Authors: Bauminger‐Zviely Nirit , Karin Eynat , Kimhi Yael , Agam‐Ben‐Artzi Galit
Published: October 2013

Background

In typical development, early peer talk is crucial for pragmatic development. The pragmatic deficit, reflected in remarkably deficient conversational capabilities, is considered the hallmark of the language deficit in autism spectrum disorder (ASD); yet, spontaneous peer talk in preschoolers withASDwas rarely explored.

Method

We conducted comparative assessment of spontaneous peer talk during 10‐min free‐play scenarios in preschoolers with high‐functioningASD(HFASD;n = 27) versus those with typical development (n = 30). Groups were matched onSES, verbal/nonverbalMA,IQ, andCA. Correlations withCA,IQ,VMA, andNVMAwere examined. We compared the two groups' interactions with a friend‐partner versus a nonfriend partner; in addition, in theHFASDgroup, we examined interactions with a typical partner (mixed dyads) versus a partner withHFASD(nonmixed dyads). Children's conversations were videotaped and coded to tap pragmatic capabilities and conversational quality.

Results

Findings revealed group differences in pragmatic abilities and conversational quality, with the typical group showing more intact capacities than the HFASD group. However, in theHFASDgroup, interactions with friends surpassed interactions with nonfriends on several key pragmatic capabilities and on all conversational quality measures (meshing, assertiveness, and responsiveness), thus suggesting that friendship may enable children to converse in a more socially complex and coregulated way. Also, children with higher cognitive capabilities, especially in theHFASDgroup, demonstrated more intact pragmatic capacities.

Conclusion

Despite the robust pragmatic deficit inHFASD, reflected in conversational capabilities, involvement in friendship relationships and high cognitive capabilities were linked to more intact pragmatic capacities. Theoretical and therapeutic implications are discussed.
Parent and youth report of youth anxiety: evidence for measurement invariance
Authors: Dirks Melanie A. , Weersing V. Robin , Warnick Erin , Gonzalez Araceli , Alton Megan , Dauser Christine , Scahill Lawrence , Woolston Joseph
Published: October 2013

Background

We characterized parent‐youth disagreement in their report on the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and examined the equivalence of this measure across parent and youth report.

Methods

A clinically referred sample of 408 parent‐youth dyads (M age youth = 14.33, SD = 1.89; 53.7% male; 50.0% Non‐Hispanic White (NHW), 14.0% Hispanic, 29.7% African‐American) completed the SCARED. We examined (a) differences between parents and youth in the total number of symptoms reported (difference scores) and in their ratings of specific symptoms (q correlations), (b) demographic factors associated with these indices, and (c) equivalence of the pattern and magnitude of factor loadings (i.e., configural and metric invariance), as well as item thresholds and residual variances, across informants.

Results

The mean difference score was −2.13 (SD = 14.44), with youth reporting higher levels of symptoms, and the mean q correlation was .32 (SD = .24). Difference scores were greater for African‐American dyads than NHW pairs. We found complete configural, metric, and residual invariance, and partial threshold invariance. Differences in thresholds did not appear to reflect systematic differences between parent and youth report. Findings were comparable when analyses were conducted separately for NHW and ethnic minority families.

Conclusion

Findings provide further evidence for the importance of considering youth report when evaluating anxiety in African‐American families. The SCARED was invariant across informant reports, suggesting that it is appropriate to compare mean scores for these raters and that variability in parent and youth report is not attributable to their rating different constructs or using different thresholds to determine when symptoms are present.
Stimulant ADHD medication and risk for substance abuse
Authors: Chang Zheng , Lichtenstein Paul , Halldner Linda , D'Onofrio Brian , Serlachius Eva , Fazel Seena , Långström Niklas , Larsson Henrik
Published: October 2013

Background

There are persistent concerns of long‐term effects of stimulant ADHD medication on the development of substance abuse.

Methods

Using Swedish national registers, we studied all individuals born between 1960 and 1998 and diagnosed with ADHD (26,249 men and 12,504 women). We investigated the association between stimulant ADHD medication in 2006 and substance abuse during 2009. Substance abuse was indexed by substance‐related death, crime, or hospital visits.

Results

ADHD medication was not associated with increased rate of substance abuse. Actually, the rate during 2009 was 31% lower among those prescribed ADHD medication in 2006, even after controlling for medication in 2009 and other covariates (hazard ratio: 0.69; 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.84). Also, the longer the duration of medication, the lower the rate of substance abuse. Similar risk reductions were suggested among children and when investigating the association between stimulant ADHD medication and concomitant short‐term abuse.

Conclusions

We found no indication of increased risks of substance abuse among individuals prescribed stimulant ADHD medication; if anything, the data suggested a long‐term protective effect on substance abuse. Although stimulant ADHD medication does not seem to increase the risk for substance abuse, clinicians should remain alert to the potential problem of stimulant misuse and diversion in ADHD patients.
Proximal nail fold intralesional steroid injection responsible for Hoigné syndrome
Authors: Baran R.
Published: October 2013

Background

Hoigné syndrome is the most common name given to a condition which has been called in different ways.

Objective

We want to show that an intralesional injection of prednisolone into the proximal nail fold may produce dorsal pain, dyspnoea and headaches within the 2 min following the injection and to explain the pathophysiology of his condition.

Methods

We studied the different drugs responsible for Hoigné syndrome by comparing the size of the crystals taking into account the diameter of pulmonary capillaries. The drug Company informed us that the size of the microcrystals were 2–4 μm vs. the 8 μm on average of the diameter of the pulmonary capillaries.

Conclusion

All the symptoms of Hoigné syndrome can be explained, especially the neuropsychiatric and neuropulmonary ones. Therefore, dermatologists should be aware of this phenomenon when they inject steroids in psoriatic nail patients.
The Discursive Construction of Strategists' Subjectivities: Towards a Paradox Lens on Strategy
Authors: Dameron Stéphanie , Torset Christophe
Published: October 2013

Until recently, the field of strategy has neglected the question of what it means to be a strategist. Based on an analysis of 68 interviews with strategy practitioners, our results highlight four main tensions that emerge from strategists' discourses on strategizing work: the social tension, the cognitive tension, the focus tension, and the time tension. This tension‐based representation of strategy enables us to differentiate between three forms of strategists' subjectivities, i.e. the ways by which strategists discursively cope with tensions as a means of constituting their identity and legitimacy: the mythicizing subjectivity, the concretizing subjectivity, and the dialogizing subjectivity. Such results shed light on what a strategist is, suggesting that strategizing can be conceptualized as the art of balancing tensions and that multiple strategists' subjectivities within a paradox lens on strategy may in fact co‐exist.
Novel synthesis of palladium (II) complexes derived from 3-arylsydnone-4-carbaldehyde N(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazones and biological activity
Authors: Shih Mei-Hsiu , Chen Jian-Chyi , Lin Guan-Ling , Lin Tzu-Ting , Sun Ming-Hsiang
Published: October 2013

Objectives

The aim of this research is to investigate whether the oxygen atom O(6) in the sydnone ring of 3-arylsydnone-4-carbaldehyde N(4)-phenylthiosemicarbazones (HArSYTSCs, 3a–d) is a good electron donor atom upon metal complexation. Furthermore, ligands 3a–d and the corresponding palladium complexes (Pd(ArSYTSC)Cl, 4a–d) would be expected to find their potent biological activities.

Methods

The desired palladium complexes 4a–d were first synthesized from thiosemicarbazones 3a–d. Then, the antiproliferative activity of ligands 3a–d and complexes 4a-d were tested against human hepatocellular carcinoma and human cervical epithelioid carcinoma (HeLa) cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl trazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Key findings

According to X-ray analyses, ligands 3a–d are bonded to the Pd (II) center in an O, N, S-tridentate coordination mode through sydnone carbonyl oxygen O(6), azomethine nitrogen and the thiolate sulfur atom. The carbonyl oxygen of the sydnone ring is found to be a good electron donor site upon metal complexation. Moreover, MTT assay results reveal that the palladium complexes 4a–d have greater antiproliferative activity than 5-fluorouracil. In particular, the complexes exhibit obvious better activity than the corresponding ligands 3a–d against HeLa cell.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the synthesized novel palladium complexes have greater antiproliferative activity than both 5-fluorouracil and the corresponding ligands against HeLa cell. Accordingly, the study of sydnonyl complexes bearing anticancer activities may support the development of coordination chemistry.