bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mídia, consumo e publicidade: refletindo sobre o brincar na educação infantil
Authors: Roveri Fernanda Theodoro , Pereira Martins dos Santos Ana Carolina
Published: September 2016

Este artigo discute a influência da publicidade na infância a partir do relato de uma prática pedagógica realizada no ano de 2013 em escolas de educação infantil da rede municipal de Campinas, São Paulo, com crianças de 2 a 6 anos de idade. O objetivo desta análise é repensar a função da escola diante de uma invasão massiva da publicidade infantil, tomando como objeto de reflexão o “dia do brinquedo”, prática muito comum em instituições de educação infantil. Neste texto, são relatadas algumas experiências que contribuíram para que as crianças vivenciassem a infância em suas múltiplas linguagens. O propósito não é demarcar e restringir as escolhas pedagógicas, mas, sim, suscitar outras buscas por alternativas que articulem reflexões em torno do consumismo e do espaço do brincar. Como resultado, conclui-se que uma das possibilidades para a superação da lógica do consumismo é propiciar às crianças experiências significativas, que também sensibilizem a comunidade e os profissionais da escola.
Applications of Technology for Livestock for Small Holders to Meet Global Food Production
Authors: Rothschild Max F. , Plastow Graham
Published: September 2016

While the Green Revolution greatly changed production of crops worldwide and helped feed over a billion people, improved production of livestock has been more limited across the globe. Modern advances in livestock production have in general only benefitted two groups: large scale livestock producers and consumers in the developed world. In some parts of the world many of the animal production practices have not changed for the last 1000 years and in other regions small holders have benefited only marginally by the scientific advances that now are an integral part of large scale commercial production. However, increased food insecurity and a worldwide food production crisis loom in the future as the most significant scientific challenge facing us in the next 30 years. Expectations are that human population growth will soon go from 7.3 billion to 9.6 billion by 2050, and food production must increase rapidly to meet the demand. These increases must come despite evidence of climate change and limited land and water resources. Whilst there is a perception of over consumption of animal products in the developed world, there are still significant numbers that are undernourished. Animal protein plays a very important role in achieving a balanced diet in the developing world, especially for the adequate nutrition of children. Furthermore, it is expected that significant increased demand for animal source foods will occur especially in the poorer countries of the developing world where most livestock are produced by small holders, but also in countries like China and Brazil which are transforming quickly. Many researchers have touted that modern feeding systems, and the use of advanced reproductive technologies and advanced genetics and genomics will provide solutions to increasing food in the developing world. These opportunities certainly exist, but direction and focus of research, funding issues, human capacity training and training of small holders will all be required for increasing livestock production to satisfy these demands. These activities will need to be embedded within sustainable programs that address implementation from the outset, and benefiting small holder production will be crucial to meeting this challenge.
Editorial núm 18
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: September 2016

Este número 18 de la REVISTA CIENTIFICA DE FAREM-Estelí, se organiza en dos grandes enfoques científicos: ciencias de la educación, y ciencias económicas.  Todos los artículos que aquí se publican provienen de resultados de investigaciones que se han realizado en Nicaragua y a nivel de pregrado y postgrado.
Programa de formación pedagógica a docentes orientado al aprendizaje cooperativo en estudiantes a través de Moodle
Authors: Córdoba Peralta Andrea Lucia , Van de Velde Herman
Published: September 2016

Artículo basado en los resultados de una investigación que la autora realizó con el objetivo de disponer de un programa de formación pedagógica a docentes, orientado al aprendizaje cooperativo en estudiantes a través del entorno virtual de aprendizaje (Moodle). El estudio constata que los entornos virtuales son medios educativos creados para el desarrollo de ambientes de aprendizaje, pero se necesita de una formación pedagógica para que esto suceda, por lo que los/as docentes requieren un programa que contemple esta temática. Se decidió trabajar con el enfoque cooperativo porque promueve la realización conjunta de actividades de aprendizaje entre estudiantes, respondiendo a las necesidades de una sociedad multicultural presente en las instituciones educativas. La contribución teórica del estudio consiste en la comprensión y promoción de la propuesta cooperativa como actividad interactiva entre estudiantes entre sí y con el/la docente desde un entorno virtual. Su aporte práctico implica el uso pedagógico de Moodle en los procesos educativos. Las novedades se relacionan con la utilización de las tecnologías y entornos virtuales como mediadores de los procesos de aprendizaje, la incorporación de técnicas didácticas y tecnológicas adaptadas a lo virtual, permitiendo a docentes contar con un espacio de formación pedagógica en dicho entorno.
Las acciones de grupo como forma de tutela ambiental en el derecho procesal hondureño
Authors: Castro Valle Claudia María
Published: September 2016

El presente trabajo consiste en un análisis de las acciones de grupo para la tutela de consumidores y usuarios contenidas en el Código Procesal Civil hondureño, vigente desde 2006, y las posibilidades que esta figura jurídica ofrece para la tutela de los intereses ambientales. Incluye una descripción de lo que implica la tutela de intereses ambientales, y un análisis de las caracteríticas del instrumento disponible en la norma procesal. Entre las características analizadas está la legitimación, la carga de la prueba, las medidas cautelares, el efecto de la cosa juzgada y el papel del juez en procesos de este tipo.
Régimen especial de responsabilidad ambiental de sitios contaminados
Authors: Peña Chacón Mario
Published: September 2016

El Reglamento sobre Valores Guía en Suelos para descontaminación de sitios afectados por emergencias ambientales y derrames2, estableció una serie de reglas especiales de responsabilidad por daño ambiental, así como procedimientos aplicables específicamente a sitios contaminados, incluyendo aquellos que califican como pasivos ambientales.El presente trabajo académico pretende analizar el régimen especial de responsabilidad por sitios contaminados a la luz de los principios generales de la responsabilidad por daño ambiental en Costa Rica.
Producción Científica de UNITEC/CEUTEC afuera de INNOVARE durante el año 2015
Authors: Editor El
Published: September 2016

En vista que INNOVARE es el medio de comunicación de la actividad investigativa del sistema universitario UNITEC/CEUTEC, a continuación se presentan resúmenes de artículos que fueron publicados por personal docente y administrativo de UNITEC en diferentes revistas indexadas internacionales, así como en las actas de conferencias profesionales y científicas en diferentes partes del mundo durante el 2015.
Eigendomsvoorbehoud: de inwerking van een contract op goederenrecht
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M.
Published: September 2016

Eigendomsvoorbehoud: de inwerking van een contract op goederenrecht

Eigendomsvoorbehoud is volgens artikel 3:92 BW levering van een zaak onder opschortende voorwaarde van betaling van de koopsom. De Hoge Raad oordeelde in zijn arrest van 3 juni 2016 in de zaak Rabobank/Reuser dat de verkrijger onder eigendomsvoorbehoud de zaak rechtsgeldig kan verpanden voordat de opschortende voorwaarde is vervuld. De pandhouder verkrijgt dan een pandrecht onder opschortende voorwaarde van eigendomsverkrijging door de pandgever. In Engeland stond eigendomsvoorbehoud in the picture in het arrest van het UKSC van 11 mei 2016 in de zaak Res Cogitans. Op een overeenkomst die een eigendomsvoorbehoud bevat en bepaalt dat de gekochte zaak mag worden verbruikt voordat betaling van de koopsom heeft plaatsgevonden, is de Sale of Goods Act niet van toepassing. Beide arresten en hun gevolgen voor de rechtspraktijk worden besproken.
Continuïteit en verandering in het Nederlandse gezinsleven
Authors: Roeters A. , Bucx F.
Published: September 2016

Continuity and change in Dutch family life. Family types, maternal employment and parent-child time

This article analyses continuity and change in family life in the Netherlands over the last decades. The authors consider three characteristics of families: (1) family types, (2) maternal employment, and (3) parent-child time. Analyses are based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Dutch Time Use Study. The results indicate that there is both continuity and change. Although two married individuals giving care to their children is still the most common family type, alternative family forms have become more popular, including unmarried cohabiting parents and single-parent families. Furthermore, the division of labor is still strongly gendered: Dutch mothers’ participation on the labor market is limited and they still hold the main responsibility for children. Moreover, children are still most likely to grow up in a household with both a father and mother. There are also indicators of change. Maternal employment is much more prevalent than in the 1970s and fathers’ involvement with children increases.
Three new generic records and descriptions of four new species of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae) from Sri Lanka
Authors: Kanesharatnam Nilani , Benjamin Suresh P.
Published: September 2016

The salticid genera Bristowia Reimoser, 1934, Habrocestum Simon, 1876 and Macaroeris Wunderlich 1992 are reported from Sri Lanka for the first time. One new species of Bristowia, B. gandhii sp. nov. (♂♀), and three new species of Habrocestum, H. hantaneensis sp. nov. (♂♀), H. kodigalaensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and H. ohiyaensis sp. nov. (♂), are described and diagnosed. The male of Macaroeris nidicolens Walckenaer, 1802 is redescribed and illustrated, based on new material from Sri Lanka.
Surgical Specimen Management: A Descriptive Study of 648 Adverse Events and Near Misses
Authors: Steelman Victoria M. , Williams Tamara L. , Szekendi Marilyn K. , Halverson Amy L. , Dintzis Suzanne M. , Pavkovic Stephen
Published: September 2016

Context.—

Surgical specimen adverse events can lead to delays in treatment or diagnosis, misdiagnosis, reoperation, inappropriate treatment, and anxiety or serious patient harm.

Objectives.—

To describe the types and frequency of event reports associated with the management of surgical specimens, the contributing factors, and the level of harm associated with these events.

Design.—

A retrospective review was undertaken of surgical specimen adverse events and near misses voluntarily reported in the University HealthSystem Consortium Safety Intelligence Patient Safety Organization database by more than 50 health care facilities during a 3-year period (2011–2013). Event reports that involved surgical specimen management were reviewed for patients undergoing surgery during which tissue or fluid was sent to the pathology department.

Results.—

Six hundred forty-eight surgical specimen events were reported in all stages of the specimen management process, with the most common events reported during the prelaboratory phase and, specifically, with specimen labeling, collection/preservation, and transport. The most common contributing factors were failures in handoff communication, staff inattention, knowledge deficit, and environmental issues. Eight percent of the events (52 of 648) resulted in either the need for additional treatment or temporary or permanent harm to the patient.

Conclusions.—

All phases of specimen handling and processing are vulnerable to errors. These results provide a starting point for health care organizations to conduct proactive risk analyses of specimen handling procedures and to design safer processes. Particular attention should be paid to effective communication and handoffs, consistent processes across care areas, and staff training. In addition, organizations should consider the use of technology-based identification and tracking systems.
Spindle Whorls from El Purgatorio, Peru, and Their Socioeconomic Implications
Authors: Vogel Melissa , Buhrow Kristin , Cornish Caroline
Published: September 2016

In the Andean region, spindle whorls have been the subject of archaeological analysis less often than other artifact classes, such as pottery. Nevertheless, spindle whorls may have much more to contribute to archaeological interpretations of production, status, and exchange patterns than previously acknowledged. The case study presented here examines the spindle whorl collection from the site of El Purgatorio, Peru, the capital city of the Casma polity (ca. A.D. 700–1400). Spindle whorls were not only expertly crafted utilitarian tools for spinning yarn, but also items of personal adornment, symbols of wealth or status, and possible indicators of intra-polity exchange patterns. The analysis of spindle whorls in regard to form and function provides insight into Casma social and economic organization. The spindle whorls discovered at El Purgatorio also reflect varying degrees of standardization and technical knowledge, suggesting that at least some may have been manufactured by specialists in metallurgical and ceramic workshops.
Effects of a switch from tenofovir‐ to abacavir‐based antiretroviral therapy, with or without atazanavir, on renal function
Authors: Guillemi Silvia A , Ling Sean H , Dahlby Julia S , Yip Benita , Zhang Wendy , Hull Mark W , Lima Viviane Dias , Hogg Robert S , Werb Ronald , Montaner Julio S , Harris Marianne
Published: September 2016

Introduction

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)–associated renal dysfunction may abate when TDF is replaced with abacavir (ABC). The extent to which the third drug atazanavir contributes to renal dysfunction is unclear.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on adults who had plasma viral load (pVL)<200 copies/mL for≥six months while receiving TDF/lamivudine (3TC) – or TDF/emtricitabine (FTC)–based antiretroviral therapy (ART), then switched to ABC/3TC while retaining the third drug in the ART regimen. CD4, pVL, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum phosphorus, urine albumin to creatinine ratio and serum lipids were compared between pre‐switch baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months after the switch to ABC.

Results

A total of 286 patients switched from TDF to ABC between 2004 and 2014: 232 (81%) male, median age 48 years (interquartile range (IQR) 42, 56). The third drug was atazanavir (± ritonavir) in 141 (49%) cases. The pVL was<50 copies/mL in 93 to 96% at all time points. Median serum creatinine was 93 µmol/L (IQR 80–111) at baseline and decreased to 88 µmol/L (IQR 78–98) at 12 months after the switch to ABC. Median eGFR increased from 74 (IQR 60–88) mL/min at baseline to 80 mL/min (IQR 69–89) at 12 months. Results were not significantly different between patients on atazanavir versus those on another third drug.

Conclusions

Viral suppression was maintained among patients who switched from TDF/3TC or TDF/FTC to ABC/3TC. Serum creatinine and eGFR improved up to 12 months after switching to ABC/3TC, irrespective of whether or not patients were also receiving atazanavir±ritonavir.
Human DNA2 possesses a cryptic DNA unwinding activity that functionally integrates with BLM or WRN helicases
Authors: Pinto Cosimo , Kasaciunaite Kristina , Seidel Ralf , Cejka Petr
Published: September 2016

Human DNA2 (hDNA2) contains both a helicase and a nuclease domain within the same polypeptide. The nuclease of hDNA2 is involved in a variety of DNA metabolic processes. Little is known about the role of the hDNA2 helicase. Using bulk and single-molecule approaches, we show that hDNA2 is a processive helicase capable of unwinding kilobases of dsDNA in length. The nuclease activity prevents the engagement of the helicase by competing for the same substrate, hence prominent DNA unwinding by hDNA2 alone can only be observed using the nuclease-deficient variant. We show that the helicase of hDNA2 functionally integrates with BLM or WRN helicases to promote dsDNA degradation by forming a heterodimeric molecular machine. This collectively suggests that the hDNA2 motor promotes the enzyme's capacity to degrade dsDNA in conjunction with BLM or WRN and thus promote the repair of broken DNA.
Characterizing magnetopause shadowing effects in the outer electron radiation belt during geomagnetic storms
Authors: Herrera D. , Maget V. F. , Sicard‐Piet A.
Published: September 2016

Relativistic electrons dynamics is still challenging to predict during the main phase of a storm. In particular, three dimensions radiation belt models, for which temporal resolution is limited, fail in predicting their behavior, especially when dropouts occur. In this paper we present a new model of magnetopause shadowing losses to be incorporated into the ONERA Salammbô code in order to improve the model accuracy. We show in this paper that above a few hundred keVs, magnetopause shadowing is the first contribution to losses in the outer electron belt during dropout events. Global variations of Earth‐magnetopause distance and relativistic electron flux have been analyzed to establish the correlation between the magnetopause shadowing and dropouts on the outer electron radiation belt during geomagnetic storms. To that purpose, a Superposed Epoch Analysis has been done using NOAA Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite 15 measurements. First, a list of 67 Stream Interfaces has been used to validate the method, and then the Superposed Epoch Analysis has been run over more than one solar cycle. Our results show that the model of magnetopause location we have developed fits well with a Superposed Epoch Analysis performed and that we are able to define a criteria based on it that detect intense dropouts. Finally, we have included this model in the Salammbô code, and we present here the improvements obtained as well as the validation made.
Tribological Synergy of Filler Components in Multifunctional Polyimide Coatings
Authors: Pei Xian‐Qiang , Bennewitz Roland , Kasper Christoph , Tlatlik Harald , Bentz Dirk , Becker‐Willinger Carsten
Published: September 2016

Platelets as fillers in polymer coatings contribute to corrosion resistance by increasing the diffusion path of gases. The authors demonstrate that the same platelets can improve tribological properties and, thus, open a new way to design multifunctional polymer coatings. Improved corrosion resistance, low friction, and low wear are reported for polyimide composite coatings filled with a combination of boron nitride, pigment platelets, perfluoropolyether, and Si3N4 particles. Contributions of different fillers to the tribological performance are explored for coatings with different filling protocols. The synergy of four components leads to the excellent tribological performance of the fully formulated coatings, while they cannot impart significant improvement in friction and wear when used separately.
Significant Exciton Brightening in Monolayer Tungsten Disulfides via Fluorination: n‐Type Gas Sensing Semiconductors
Authors: Jhon Young In , Kim Younghee , Park June , Kim Jae Hun , Lee Taikjin , Seo Minah , Jhon Young Min
Published: September 2016

Monolayer transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently emerged as promising candidates for advanced photonic and valleytronic applications due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, the low luminescence efficiency of monolayer TMDCs has significantly hampered their use in these fields. Here it is reported that the photoluminescence efficiency of monolayer WS2 can be remarkably enhanced up to fourfold through the fluorination, surpassing the reported performance of molecular and/or electrical doping methods. Its degree is easily controlled by changing the fluorine plasma duration time and can also be reversibly tuned via additional hydrogen plasma treatment, allowing for its versatile tailoring for interfacial band alignment and customized engineering. The striking photoluminescence improvement occurs via a substantial transition of trions to excitons as a result of the strong electron affinity of fluorine dopants, and the fluorination enables unprecedented detection of n‐type NH3 gas in WS2 due to changed excitonic dynamics showing excellent sensitivity (at least down to 1.25 ppm). This work provides valuable strategies and insights into exciton physics in monolayer TMDCs, opening up avenues toward highly‐efficient 2D light emitters, photovoltaics, nanosensors, and optical interconnects.
Ion‐Mediated Polymerase Chain Reactions Performed with an Electronically Driven Microfluidic Device
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Qian , Guo Linjie , Huang Qing , Shi Jiye , Yang Yang , Liu Dongsheng , Fan Chunhai
Published: September 2016

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful method for exponentially amplifying very low amounts of target DNA from genetic, clinical, and forensic samples. However, the heating and cooling steps in PCR largely hamper the miniaturization of thermocyclers for on‐site detection of pathogens and point‐of‐care tests. Herein, we devise an ion‐mediated PCR (IM‐PCR) strategy by exploiting ion‐induced DNA denaturation/renaturation cycles. DNA duplexes are effectively denatured in alkaline solutions; whereas, the denatured single‐stranded DNA strands readily reform duplexes at neutral pH. By using an integrated microchip that can programmably control the solution pH simply switching the potential in a range of several hundred millivolts, we can trigger IM‐PCR at a constant temperature. Analogously to thermal cycling, 30 cycles of pH‐induced denaturation/renaturation were used to amplify protein DNA fragments as confirmed by DNA sequencing. We anticipate that this portable, low‐cost, and scalable IM‐PCR holds great promise for widespread biological, clinical, and environmental applications.
Activity‐Based Probes for 15‐Lipoxygenase‐1
Authors: Eleftheriadis Nikolaos , Thee Stephanie A. , Zwinderman Martijn R. H. , Leus Niek G. J. , Dekker Frank J.
Published: September 2016

Human 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 (15‐LOX‐1) plays an important role in several inflammatory lung diseases, such as asthma, COPD, and chronic bronchitis, as well as various CNS diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Activity‐based probes of 15‐LOX‐1 are required to explore the role of this enzyme further and to enable drug discovery. In this study, we developed a 15‐LOX‐1 activity‐based probe for the efficient activity‐based labeling of recombinant 15‐LOX‐1. 15‐LOX‐1‐dependent labeling in cell lysates and tissue samples was also possible. To mimic the natural substrate of the enzyme, we designed activity‐based probes that covalently bind to the active enzyme and include a terminal alkene as a chemical reporter for the bioorthogonal linkage of a detectable functionality through an oxidative Heck reaction. The activity‐based labeling of 15‐LOX‐1 should enable the investigation and identification of this enzyme in complex biological samples, thus opening up completely new opportunities for drug discovery.
Structure and Mechanism of the Sphingopyxin I Lasso Peptide Isopeptidase
Authors: Fage Christopher D. , Hegemann Julian D. , Nebel Annika J. , Steinbach Roman M. , Zhu Shaozhou , Linne Uwe , Harms Klaus , Bange Gert , Marahiel Mohamed A.
Published: September 2016

Lasso peptides are natural products that assume a unique lariat knot topology. Lasso peptide isopeptidases (IsoPs) eliminate this topology through isopeptide bond cleavage. To probe how these enzymes distinguish between substrates and hydrolyze only isopeptide bonds, we examined the structure and mechanism of a previously uncharacterized IsoP from the proteobacterium Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256 (SpI‐IsoP). We demonstrate that SpI‐IsoP efficiently and specifically linearizes the lasso peptide sphingopyxin I (SpI) and variants thereof. We also present crystal structures of SpI and SpI‐IsoP, revealing a threaded topology for the former and a prolyl oligopeptidase (POP)‐like fold for the latter. Subsequent structure‐guided mutational analysis allowed us to propose roles for active‐site residues. Our study sheds light on lasso peptide catabolism and expands the engineering potential of these fascinating molecules.
Preparation, characterization and catalytic application of PdPt bimetallic nanoparticles stabilized by 15‐membered triolefinic macrocycle‐terminated poly(propylene imine) dendrimer
Authors: Zhou Wei , Lu Xiaoran , Jin Zhijun , Peng Xiaohong
Published: September 2016

PdPt bimetallic nanoparticles stabilized by 15‐membered triolefinic macrocycle‐stabilized poly(propylene imine) dendrimer (G3‐M(PdxPt10−x) DSNs) have been prepared via synthesis of a 15‐membered triolefinic macrocycle‐modified third‐generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimer (G3‐M) and then synchronous ligand exchange with Pd(PPh3)4/Pt(PPh3)4 complexes. The structure and catalytic activity of the DSNs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray and X‐ray photoelectron analyses. As a novel catalyst system, it can be concluded that the composition of the bimetallic nanoparticles has an influence on the catalytic activity of the hydrogenation reaction of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber, which can be related to synergistic effect. Furthermore, the selectivity and recyclability of G3‐M(PdxPt10−x) DSN catalyst are also discussed.
Partial splenic embolization to permit continuation of systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Luz Jose Hugo M. , Luz Paula M. , Marchiori Edson , Rodrigues Leonardo A. , Gouveia Hugo R. , Martin Henrique S. , Faria Igor M. , Souza Roberto R. , Gil Roberto de Almeida , Palladino Alexandre de M. , Pimenta Karina B. , de Souza Henrique S.
Published: September 2016

Systemic chemotherapy treatments, commonly those that comprise oxaliplatin, have been linked to the appearance of distinctive liver lesions that evolves to portal hypertension, spleen enlargement, platelets sequestration, and thrombocytopenia. This outcome can interrupt treatment or force dosage reduction, decreasing efficiency of cancer therapy. We conducted a prospective phase II study for the evaluation of partial splenic embolization in patients with thrombocytopenia that impeded systemic chemotherapy continuation. From August 2014 through July 2015, 33 patients underwent partial splenic embolization to increase platelets count and allow their return to treatment. Primary endpoint was the accomplishment of a thrombocyte level superior to 130 × 109/L and the secondary endpoints were the return to chemotherapy and toxicity. Partial splenic embolization was done 36 times in 33 patients. All patients presented gastrointestinal cancer and colorectal malignancy was the commonest primary site. An average of 6.4 cycles of chemotherapy was done before splenic embolization and the most common regimen was Folfox. Mean platelet count prior to embolization was 69 × 109/L. A total of 94% of patients achieved primary endpoint. All patients in need reinitiated treatment and median time to chemotherapy return was 14 days. No grade 3 or above adverse events were identified. Aiming for a 50% to 70% infarction area may be sufficient to achieve success without the complications associated with more extensive infarction. Combined with the better safety profile, partial splenic embolization is an excellent option in the management of thrombocytopenia, enabling the resumption of systemic chemotherapy with minimal procedure‐related morbidity.
Impact of material vs. experiential purchase types on happiness: The moderating role of self‐discrepancy
Authors: Yu Ying , Jing Fengjie , Su Chen Ting , Zhou Nan , Nguyen Bang
Published: September 2016

Most literature suggests that consumers are happier when they spend their money on experience, rather than material purchases, on the premise that consumers may evaluate material possessions largely on the basis of their functional utility and ability to fulfill basic human needs; experiential consumption reportedly fulfills mainly psychological needs. The present research addresses material purchases that fulfill not only functional but also psychological needs (e.g., status purchase). The results reveal that consumers with high self‐discrepancy are more apt to derive happiness from material status purchases than those with low self‐discrepancy (Experiments 1 and 2); this effect is mediated by the motives for goal pursuit (Experiment 3), as triggered by the desire to narrow the gap between the actual self and an ideal self. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
APOBEC3G governs the generation of truncated AATF protein to ensure oncogenic transformation
Authors: Sharma Shaveta , Garg Anuradha , Dhanda Rakesh S. , Kaul Deepak
Published: September 2016

The oncogenic potential of Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide‐like 3G (APOBEC3G) was recently appreciated by the finding that revealed its ability to downregulate Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) gene translation through its affinity for 3′UTR of KLF4 mRNA. Keeping in view the fact that KLF4 is known to repress apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (AATF) gene expression, the present study employed stem cells as archetype model to explore the effect of APOBEC3G over‐expression upon AATF gene expression within these cells as well as on the genes involved in oncogenic transformation. Such a study revealed that APOBEC3G had the ability to bind AATF mRNA within its third exon to facilitate the generation of truncated 23 kDa AATF translation product which, in turn, had the inherent capacity to be the crucial mediator of APOBEC3G induced oncogenic transformation within such cells.
Selectivity Trends in Olefin Epoxidations Catalyzed by (NNNN)Manganese(+II) Complexes using Trifluoroethanol as the Solvent
Authors: Lorenz Samuel , Plietker Bernd
Published: September 2016

The epoxidation of olefins is certainly one of the most important oxygen‐transfer reactions in organic synthesis. The development of both regio‐ and stereoselective protocols and the search for catalysts that combine high selectivity with abundancy is a topic of current interest. Herein, we report an unexpected odd–even‐type selectivity trend in the diastereoselective epoxidation of unfunctionalized aliphatic alkenes by using a non‐hem‐type Mn catalyst in trifluoroethanol as the solvent.
Theoretical Investigation on the Reaction Pathways of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Graphene Codoped with Manganese and Phosphorus as a Potential Nonprecious Metal Catalyst
Authors: Bai Xiaowan , Zhao Erjun , Li Kai , Wang Ying , Jiao Menggai , He Feng , Sun Xiaoxu , Yang Jucai , Wu Zhijian
Published: September 2016

Nonprecious‐metal‐doped graphene catalysts have been proposed recently as promising candidates to substitute Pt catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. We codoped Mn and P in divacancy graphene (MnPx, x=1–4) and we studied the stability and the catalytic activity for the ORR. The calculated formation energy indicates that MnP2‐doped divacancy graphene is energetically the most stable. The MnP2 moiety and its adjacent six C atoms are catalytically active sites for the ORR. The kinetically most favorable pathway is the hydrogenation of OOH to form O+H2O, which is a four‐electron process. The rate‐determining step is the second H2O formation, which has an energy barrier of 0.91 eV. The free energy diagrams show that for OOH hydrogenation into O+H2O all of the elementary steps are downhill at potentials of 0.0–0.67 V except for the second H2O formation.
Micro‐/Mesoporous Platinum–SiCN Nanocomposite Catalysts (Pt@SiCN): From Design to Catalytic Applications
Authors: Sachau Sabrina M. , Zaheer Muhammad , Lale Abhijeet , Friedrich Martin , Denner Christine E. , Demirci Umit B. , Bernard Samuel , Motz Günter , Kempe Rhett
Published: September 2016

The synthesis, characterization, and catalytic studies of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) supported by a polymer‐derived SiCN matrix are reported. In the first step and under mild conditions (110 °C), a block copolymer (BCP) based on hydroxyl‐group‐terminated linear polyethylene (PEOH) and a commercially available polysilazane (PSZ: HTT 1800) were synthesized. Afterwards, the BCP was microphase separated, modified with an aminopyridinato (Ap) ligand‐stabilized Pt complex, and cross‐linked. The green bodies thus obtained were pyrolyzed at 1000 °C under nitrogen and provided porous Pt@SiCN nanocomposite via decomposition of the PEOH block while Pt nanoparticles grew in situ within the SiCN matrix. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) studies confirmed the presence of the cubic Pt phase in the amorphous SiCN matrix whereas transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements revealed homogeneously distributed Pt nanoparticles in the size of 0.9 to 1.9 nm. N2 sorption studies indicated the presence of micro‐ and mesopores. Pt@SiCN appears to be an active and robust catalyst in the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride under harsh conditions.
Effect ­­­­­of ultrasonic irradiation treatment on rheological behaviour of extra heavy crude oil: A solution method for transportation improvement
Authors: Rahimi Mohammad Amin , Ramazani S.A Ahmad , Alijani Alijanvand Hossein , Ghazanfari Mohammad Hossein , Ghanavati Mahdi
Published: September 2016

The highly viscous property of heavy oil often causes problems in its transportation in pipelines. Mixing heavy oil with light oil as well as ultrasound treatment are viable solutions to this problem. In this study, extra heavy crude oil samples were first diluted with 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 mL/mL (0, 5, 10, and 15 vol%) of a light crude oil; then the mixture was irradiated by ultrasonic waves for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min; finally the viscous shear functions of all mixtures was measured at different values of shear rate at different temperature levels. The results revealed that the minimum viscosity of the diluted extra heavy crude oil samples was obtained at 10 min of ultrasonic irradiation. Moreover, the viscosity reduction rate in relation to temperature decreases as temperature increases. In other words, the maximum viscosity reduction rate occurred at 0.05 mL/mL (5 vol%) of light crude oil. Using the experimental data, the parameters of common rheological models were obtained and a new modified Power Law model was presented to calculate the effect of shear rate and temperature simultaneously.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Low‐Energy Penning Ionization of NH3, CH3F, and CHF3
Authors: Jachymski Krzysztof , Hapka Michał , Jankunas Justin , Osterwalder Andreas
Published: September 2016

We present results from a joint theoretical and experimental study of the low‐energy Penning ionization of NH3, CH3F, and CHF3 by metastable Ne(3P2) and He(3S1) atoms. We combine the merged neutral beams experiment, covering a range of collision energies between 0.1–150 K, with multichannel quantum defect theory calculations based on interaction potentials from symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory. The three symmetric tops provide several distinct properties that make them interesting targets for cold chemistry studies. Of these three, only NH3 has a lone electron pair that leads to a strong binding with rare gas atoms. The CHF3 molecule has much smaller rotational constants than both NH3 and CH3F, and thus has a considerably higher density of rotational states already at low energies. Their presence opens inelastic collision channels that reduce the observed reactive cross section. We show that this effect dominates the total rate coefficient in heavy molecules already at relatively low collision energies but is much less prominent for lighter molecules
Ferrous Tartrate recognition of sodium chloride {111} and its effect on crystal growth
Authors: Tian Liang , Qian Kun , Wei Shuhai , Yao Chen , Wang Yihong
Published: September 2016

The surface morphology and growth pattern of some molecules could be altered by the recognition of ferrous tartrate (FeC4H4O6, FeTA). We have explored this phenomenon in the aspect of growth rate and morphology alteration of sodium chloride crystals where few researches have been done. In this paper, the crystallization behavior of NaCl with added FeTA was studied by supersaturation test, conductivity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the supersaturation of NaCl solution could be increased to about 5.5 % in presence of FeTA prior to the onset of crystallization. Furthermore, SEM images and XRD results indicated that the addition of FeTA could change the morphology of NaCl crystal from cubic to octahedron by impeding the growth of {111} and {110} faces. Besides, the interaction between NaCl {111} face and FeTA was discussed and the possible spatial structure of FeTA was speculated through the lattice parameters of NaCl.
Emotional eating and in vivo norepinephrine transporter availability in obesity: A [11C]MRB PET pilot study
Authors: Bresch A. , Rullmann M. , Luthardt J. , Becker G.A. , Reissig G. , Patt M. , Ding Y.‐S. , Hilbert A. , Sabri O. , Hesse S.
Published: September 2016

Objective

Emotional eating (EE) has been linked to norepinephrine dysfunction. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between EE and norepinephrine transporter (NET) availability.

Method

Ten severely obese individuals (body mass index (BMI) 42.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2) and ten non‐obese, healthy controls (BMI 23.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2) matched for age and sex were studied using (S,S)‐[11C]‐O‐methylreboxetine ([11C]MRB) positron emission tomography (PET). Kinetic modeling of regional tissue time activity curves was performed using multilinear reference tissue model 2 (MRTM2, with the occipital cortex as a reference region) to estimate binding potential based on individual PET‐MR coregistration. To test for associations of EE and NET availability, participants completed the EE subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire before scanning.

Results

Obese individuals and non‐obese, healthy controls did not significantly differ regarding EE scores and regional NET availability. For obese individuals only, correlative data analyses pointed to a sinoidal distribution pattern as a higher degree of EE related to lower NET availability in the locus coeruleus and to higher NET availability in the left thalamus.

Discussion

These results indicate that central in vivo NET availability is altered in EE of individuals with obesity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:152–156)
Field estimates of parentage reveal sexually antagonistic selection on body size in a population of Anolis lizards
Authors: Duryea Mary C. , Bergeron Patrick , Clare‐Salzler Zachary , Calsbeek Ryan
Published: September 2016

Sexual dimorphism evolves when selection favors different phenotypic optima between the sexes. Such sexually antagonistic selection creates intralocus sexual conflict when traits are genetically correlated between the sexes and have sex‐specific optima. Brown anoles are highly sexually dimorphic: Males are on average 30% longer than females and 150% heavier in our study population. Viability selection on body size is known to be sexually antagonistic, and directional selection favors large male size whereas stabilizing selection constrains females to remain small. We build on previous studies of viability selection by measuring sexually antagonistic selection using reproductive components of fitness over three generations in a natural population of brown anoles. We estimated the number of offspring produced by an individual that survived to sexual maturity (termed RSV), a measure of individual fitness that includes aspects of both individual reproductive success and offspring survival. We found directional selection on male body size, consistent with previous studies of viability selection. However, selection on female body size varied among years, and included periods of positive directional selection, quadratic stabilizing selection, and no selection. Selection acts differently in the sexes based on both survival and reproduction and sexual conflict appears to be a persistent force in this species.
Measuring partner choice in plant–pollinator networks: using null models to separate rewiring and fidelity from chance
Authors: MacLeod Molly , Genung Mark A. , Ascher John S. , Winfree Rachael
Published: September 2016

Recent studies of mutualistic networks show that interactions between partners change across years. Both biological mechanisms and chance could drive these patterns, but the relative importance of these factors has not been separated. We established a field experiment consisting of 102 monospecific plots of 17 native plant species, from which we collected 6713 specimens of 52 bee species over four years. We used these data and a null model to determine whether bee species' foraging choices varied more or less over time beyond the variation expected by chance. Thus we provide the first quantitative definition of rewiring and fidelity as these terms are used in the literature on interaction networks. All 52 bee species varied in plant partner choice across years, but for 27 species this variation was indistinguishable from random partner choice. Another 11 species showed rewiring, varying more across years than expected by chance, while 14 species showed fidelity, indicating that they both prefer certain plant species and are consistent in those preferences across years. Our study shows that rewiring and fidelity both exist in mutualist networks, but that once sampling effects have been accounted for, they are less common than has been reported in the ecological literature.
National trends in heart failure hospitalization rates in Slovenia 2004–2012
Authors: Omersa Daniel , Farkas Jerneja , Erzen Ivan , Lainscak Mitja
Published: September 2016

Aims

Heart failure (HF) hospitalization rates are decreasing in western Europe, but little is known about trends in central and east European countries. We analysed the Slovenian national hospitalization database to determine the burden of HF hospitalization.

Methods and results

The Slovenian National Hospital Discharge Registry was searched for HF hospitalizations between 2004 and 2012 in patients aged ≥20 years. A total of 55 531 main HF hospitalizations (43 636 first HF hospitalizations) in 34 406 patients (median age 78 years, 55% female) were recorded. The most common co‐morbidities were arterial hypertension (54.3%), atrial fibrillation (40.6%), diabetes mellitus (24.5%), and ischaemic heart disease (21.9%). The number of age‐standardized main and first HF hospitalizations per 100 000 population decreased from 249 to 232 (7.1%, P = 0.002) and from 467 to 435 (6.8%, P = 0.074), respectively. Crude main and first HF hospitalization rates increased from 249 to 298 (19.8%, P < 0.001) and from 530 to 558 (5.4%, P = 0.100), respectively. After a first HF hospitalization, any HF readmission rates within 30, 60, and 90 days and at 1 year were 11.7, 17.2, 20.9, and 37.5%, respectively. Hospitalization trends were similar in both sexes and across all age groups. In a multivariate log binomial regression model, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, male sex, and year of admission were independently associated with higher HF readmission rates (P < 0.01 for all).

Conclusions

In Slovenia, standardized HF hospitalization rates have decreased but the crude HF hospitalization burden has increased. Readmissions were associated with established cardiovascular risk factors.
Tin(IV) and Antimony(V) Complexes Bearing Catecholate Ligands Connected to Ferrocene – Syntheses, Molecular Structures, and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Baryshnikova Svetlana V. , Bellan Ekaterina V. , Poddel'sky Andrey I. , Arsenyev Maxim V. , Smolyaninov Ivan V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Piskunov Alexander V. , Berberova Nadezhda T. , Cherkasov Vladimir K. , Abakumov Gleb A.
Published: September 2016

The ferrocenyl‐containing 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol Fc‐L‐CatH2 (2) was synthesized by the condensation of the precursor 6‐(hydrazonomethyl)‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol 6‐(H2N–N=CH)CatH2 (1) with ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (L = –CH=N–N=CH–, Cat = 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatecholate, Fc = ferrocene). The exchange reaction between catechol 2 and Ph3SbBr2 in the presence of a base (Et3N) in toluene leads to the formation of the triphenylantimony(V) catecholate (Fc‐L‐Cat)SbPh3 (3) as the main product and the ionic bromotriphenylantimony(V) catecholate (Fc‐LH‐Cat)SbPh3Br (4) containing a hydraziniumylidene cation (LH = –CH=NH+–N=CH–) as the byproduct. The change of toluene to tetrahydrofuran (THF) results in the formation of 4 as the main product in nearly quantitative yield. The exchange reactions of catechol 2 with Ph2SnCl2 and SnCl4 give anionic catecholate complexes bridged with hydraziniumylidene cations even in the presence of excess base. Complexes (Fc‐LH‐Cat)SnPh2Cl (5), (Fc‐LH‐Cat)2SnPh2 (6), and (Fc‐LH‐Cat)2SnCl2 (7) were synthesized. The compounds obtained were characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. The molecular structures of crystals of 5–7 were determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The formation of catecholates 4–7 with hydraziniumylidene cations is caused by intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxy and imine groups, which leads to proton transfer from the oxygen atom to the nitrogen atom of the hydrazine linker.
Catalytic Availabilities of Lewis Acidic SnCl2: Ph3PAuCl–SnCl2 Composite Catalyzed Successive ortho‐Alkenylation/O‐Alkenylation of Phenols Followed by Cyclization to 1‐Benzopyrans
Authors: Tochigi Atsushi , Tsukamoto Kadzuoki , Suzuki Noriyuki , Masuyama Yoshiro
Published: September 2016

A Ph3PAuCl–SnCl2 composite, prepared in situ from Ph3PAuCl and SnCl2, catalyzed the formation of 1‐benzopyrans from phenols and phenylacetylene. The Ph3PAuCl–SnCl2 composite catalyzed reaction was presumed to proceed through the successive ortho‐alkenylation and O‐alkenylation of phenols with phenylacetylene followed by cyclization of the prepared ortho‐ and O‐dialkenylated phenol derivatives. Conveniently, all reactions with Ph3PAuCl–SnCl2 composite were established without rigorous exclusion of air and water.
Study on the surface interaction of Furan with X12Y12 (X = B, Al, and Y = N, P) semiconductors: DFT calculations
Authors: Shokuhi Rad Ali
Published: September 2016

Chemisorption of Furan on the surfaces of four different semiconductors (Al12N12, Al12P12, B12N12, and B12P12) has been investigated, and the results have been compared using density functional theory in terms of energetic, geometric, and electronic property. Two functionals, dispersion corrected (wB97XD) and non‐corrected (B3LYP), have been used for calculation of binding energy. The results show that chemisorption of Furan on these semiconductors is in the order of Al12N12 (−98.4 kJ mol−1) > Al12P12 (−77.5 kJ mol−1) > B12N12 (−46.6 kJ mol−1) > B12P12 (−18.3 kJ mol−1), while the order of change in the HOMO–LUMO gap of semiconductors upon adsorption of Furan is found as B12N12 > B12P12 > Al12P12 > Al12N12, which implies to the higher changes in the electronic structure of B‐containing clusters (B12N12 and B12P12) compared to Al‐containing clusters (Al12N12 and Al12P12). The NBO charge analyses reveal maximum and minimum charge transfer upon adsorption of Furan on B12N12 and B12P12, respectively. Based on the results, it was found that Al12N12 and B12N12 as the most appropriate adsorbent and the most sensitive sensor for Furan, respectively.