bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vascularized middle turbinate mucoperiosteal flap in skull base defects: follow-up analysis of 20 cases
Authors: George Shibu , Suresh Sandeep
Published: December 2016

Background: Vascularized flaps are preferred in repair of skull base defects since they provide quality tissue volume and allow rapid healing. Though nasoseptal flap is the gold standard it may not be available always and has its own share of pitfalls; this makes the middle turbinate flap a viable alternative. This descriptive study was designed to analyze the efficacy of middle turbinate flap in endoscopic closure of skull base defects and to define indications and limitations of the flap.

Methods: 20 patients who underwent endoscopic closure of small and medium sized skull base defects using middle turbinate mucoperiosteal flap were analyzed and followed up. Etiology, presentation, site and co-morbidities associated with such defects were studied. Effectiveness of closure was analyzed by the ability to cover fully, graft uptake and complications.  

Results: Successful flap take up was noted in all 20 cases (100%) on long term follow up; transient cerebrospinal fluid leak was observed in 1case (5%) during the immediate post-operative period which subsided fully. Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea (n=11 [55%]) was the most common indication for closure and unilateral watery rhinorrhea was the commonest presentation (n=13 [65%]). Benign intracranial hypertension was found to have significant association with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Most common site of leak was the medial lamella of cribriform plate (n=11 [55%]).

Conclusions: Middle turbinate flap is an effective alternative to nasoseptal flap for small and medium sized anterior skull base defects; efficacy in larger defects and posterior sellar defects cannot be substantiated. 
Study to evaluate the outcomes of surgical stabilization of distal 1/3rd fracture shaft femur with retrograde nailing
Authors: Nagla Ashok , Manchanda Abhay , Gupta Anand , Tantuway Vinay , Patel Viral , Arshad Noor
Published: December 2016

Background: Distal femur is a complex fractures and most of times a personalized approach is needed for these fractures. Over a period of time variety of approaches and implants have been used for these fractures. The use of retrograde femur nail for fixing femur fracture, using entry from inter-condylar notch of femur, is a known method of treatment, but most surgeons are apprehensive of making an entry from the knee joint because of possible complications like knee pain, arthro-fibrosis, infections etc .The aim of this study was to investigate its effectiveness in fixation of distal 1/3rd fracture of femur with special emphasis on the outcome and inherent surgical challenges.

Methods: A prospective study of 40 patients with fracture femur diaphysial distal one third were treated by retrograde nailing, from July 2010 to January 2016, after obtaining required approval from the Institutional ethical & research committee. All the patients were followed till fracture union and evaluated on the basis of demography, duration of healing, complications and surgical challenges.

Results: We observed that mean age of patients was 35.8 years (18 years to 62 years) where 87.5% were male and 12.5% were female. Average duration of healing was 17.75 weeks (ranging from 10 weeks to 36 weeks) with 100% healing achieved. Mean knee range of motion was 124.5 degree (70 to 140 degree), rate of knee pain 10% (4/40), re-operation rate 5% (2/40), infection rate 2.5% (1/40), and fat embolism 2.5% (1/40).

Conclusions: Retrograde femoral nailing is a reliable alternative to antegrade nailing or plate fixation for diaphyseal fracture distal one third femur, and may be in some situations even advantageous when antegrade nail entry is challenging like ipsilateral hip fractures, previous implant in hip & proximal femur, ipsilateral pelvi-acetabular injury, bilateral femoral shaft fracture, floating Knee injuries, poly-trauma and obese patients.
Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA) – Análise de conceitos e marco regulatório
Authors: Caetano Patrícia Pereira , Melo Maiara Gabrielle de Souza , Braga Cybelle Frazão Costa
Published: December 2016

O ar, água, a madeira e os alimentos são bens e serviços ambientais essenciais a manutenção da vida na terra e dos demais elementos do ambiente. Apesar de sua crucial importância, este termo ainda é pouco trivial e assim pouco considerado nas decisões econômicas. Frente a isso, faz-se necessário o levantamento teórico acerca do que seriam e das classificações de tais serviços, tendo em vista que este é ponto fundamental para a implantação da metodologia de Pagamento por serviços ambientais, já que este tem assumido uma importância crescente nas discussões em torno das estratégias de desenvolvimento ambientalmente sustentável no mundo. Frente a isto, a partir da analise teórica conceitual em livros , teses, dissertações, periódicos especializados e na legislação brasileira vigente, o presente trabalho teve como foco apresentar conceitos definições do que seriam os serviços ambientais para a sociedade e os preceitos do instrumento de pagamento por serviços ambientais  na gestão ambiental. Com essa ampla revisão de literatura pode-se perceber que o instrumento de pagamento por serviços ambientais já vem sendo desenvolvido no Brasil e no mundo, com o proposito de gerenciar os bens públicos e este tem se mostrado bastante eficazes para complementar os instrumento de comando e controle na gestão ambiental, já sendo reconhecido no arcabouço legal do país. 
A Tecnologia EGS e sua Aplicação na Exploração de Gás de Xisto no Brasil
Authors: Péres Vitor Mascarenhas , Da Silva Leonardo Almeida , De Jesus Tássia Cristina Bastos , Barreto Thamires De Oliveira
Published: December 2016

Na medida em que a demanda por energia se torna cada vez maior, se faz necessário explorar novas alternativas. Neste contexto, estão o gás de xisto, que revolucionou o mercado energético americano e que é extraído através do fraturamento hidráulico (fracking) e a tecnologia Enhaced Geothermal System (EGS), sistemas geotérmicos que geram energia elétrica e que também utilizam o fraturamento hidráulico. Através de revisões bibliográficas e de dados de sites de notícias e artigos científicos sobre os dois temas, este artigo procurou abordar a possibilidade e a viabilidade de desenvolver os dois em conjunto no Brasil. O Brasil apresentou, assim, três áreas com potencial para desenvolver as duas tecnologias: a Bacia do Parecis, no Planalto Central, a Bacia do Paraná, na região Sul do país e a Bacia Sergipe-Alagoas, no Nordeste Setentrional. Entretanto, os impactos ambientais dos fraturamentos hidráulicos ainda tem dimensões desconhecidas, sendo possível citar sismos, contaminação de aquíferos como consequência de um possível vazamento de gás e a captação dos grandes volumes de água necessários para fraturamento do xisto. Concluiu-se, assim, que se faz necessário desenvolver mais estudos sobre a viabilidade dos desenvolvimentos das duas tecnologias nos locais sugeridos e sobre os possíveis impactos ambientais associados.
Utilização de Análise de Correspondência para Classificação da Velocidade do Vento no Nordeste Brasileiro
Authors: Camelo Henrique Do Nascimento , Lucio Paulo Sérgio , Gomes Oseas Machado , Leal Junior João Bosco Verçosa
Published: December 2016

O objetivo desse trabalho foi a utilização de estatística multivariada com a técnica de Análise de Correspondência (AC) para categorizar a velocidade do vento em regiões do nordeste brasileiro. Como referência para categorizar o vento das regiões de estudo foi utilizado a Escala Beaufort. Os resultados mostram que a velocidade de vento ao nível de 10 m de altura na região nordeste possui predominância do tipo Brisa Leve (variando entre 1,6 m/s a 3,3 m/s), Brisa Fraca (variando entre 3,3 m/s a 5,4 m/s) e Brisa Moderada (variando entre 5,4 m/s a 7,9 m/s). Este resultado pode está associado a próximidade das regiões estudadas com o litoral. Outro resultado relevante das categorias de velocidade de vento nas regiões de estudo é que quando comparado, por exemplo, com a Alemanha (uma das maiores nações exploradoras de geração eólica do mundo) podem ser considerados valores excelentes, visto que nesse país os valores varia entre 5 m/s e 6 m/s a uma altura muito superior, ou seja, a 50 m. Esse trabalho também tem como vertente a divulgação ainda mais do potencial eólico da região do nordeste do Brasil.
Educação Ambiental: uma Contribuição para Gestão de Políticas Públicas Implementadas no Estuário do Rio Paraíba
Authors: Farias Daniele Souza
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar como a educação ambiental tem contribuído enquanto ferramenta para gestão de políticas públicas implementadas no estuário do rio Paraíba. Para isso, analisou-se o Programa de Implementação de Políticas Públicas em Territórios de Áreas Protegidas: o caso do estuário do rio Paraíba do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba – IFPB, Campus João Pessoa em parceria com outras instituições. Como procedimento metodológico, realizou-se uma pesquisa de abordagem descritiva e exploratória, com procedimento de análise qualitativa. Para os procedimentos de coleta de dados, utilizou-se levantamento de documento do PIPPTAP, realização de questionário e observação enquanto participante do referido Programa. Após a análise dos dados, verificou-se que a educação ambiental tem contribuído para gestão de políticas públicas que estão sendo implementadas no estuário do rio Paraíba com a elaboração de materiais educativos formais e não formais, principalmente, com a construção do livro didático para percepção da importância da conservação das diversidades, funcionando como um suporte para que as informações sobre a região estuarina do rio Paraíba sejam disseminadas  e como estratégia para conhecimento, reflexão de ações, transformação de comportamentos, visando atitudes para proteção das diversidades de ecossistemas desse ambiente estuarino.

 
Modelagem matemática para descrição da cinética de secagem da polpa da manga cv. Espada
Authors: Silva Filho Edmilson , Alves Gilcean Silva , Duarte Marco Tulio Lima , Madureira Iremar Alves
Published: December 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a cinética de secagem em camada de espuma da polpa de manga cv. Espada com adição de 1,5% de Emustab® e 1,5% Super Liga Neutra®, em diferentes temperaturas (50; 60 e 70 oC) e espessura da camada de espuma (0,5 cm). Com os dados obtidos durante a cinética de secagem foram construídas as curvas de secagem e ajustados os modelos de Henderson & Pabis, Henderson, Logarítmico, Page e Exponencial de dois termos, aos dados experimentais da cinética de secagem. Verificou-se que as temperaturas de secagem influenciaram no tempo de secagem, com os menores tempos de secagem observados na maior temperatura. O modelo de Henderson foi o que descreveu, de forma mais satisfatória os dados da secagem da espuma, apresentando o maior coeficiente de determinação e o menor desvio quadrático médio nas temperaturas de 50, 60 e 70 ºC e espessura de 0,5 cm.
Previsão de demanda a médio prazo aplicada em dados reais do sistema de distribuição: uma comparação entre RNA e Lógica Fuzzy
Authors: Medeiros Romero Álamo Oliveira de , Winkeler Bruno Golzio Navarro , Villanueva Juan Moisés Maurício , Rodriguez Yuri Percy Molina , Macedo Euler Cássio Tavares de , Macedo Helon David de
Published: December 2016

A previsão de demanda é uma importante ferramenta de apoio à decisão no planejamento de sistemas de energia, fornecendo informações necessárias para que os especialistas do setor elétrico possam alocar os recursos disponíveis. Métodos baseados em inteligência computacional vêm sendo utilizados para previsão há mais de vinte anos. As Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) e a Lógica Fuzzy estão entre as técnicas mais utilizadas. Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidos dois sistemas de previsão de demanda para uma subestação real, por meio de uma RNA e um sistema de inferência Fuzzy. O caso estudado foi a subestação de Itaporanga, localizada na Paraíba/Brasil, e os valores de potência ativa entre os anos de 2008 e 2013, obtidos por meio de medições de um sistema de aquisição e monitoramento de dados (SCADA), que formaram os dados das séries temporais.
Challenges to European Welfare States
Authors: Kuhlmann Johanna
Published: December 2016

Schubert, Klaus, Paloma de Villota, and Johanna Kuhlmann, eds. 2016. Challenges to European Welfare States. Wiesbaden: Springer International Publishing. ISBN: 9783319076805.
Constitutional Policy in Multilevel Government. The Art of Keeping the Balance
Authors: Benz Arthur
Published: December 2016

Benz, Arthur (in cooperation with Andrea Fischer‐Hotzel, Dominic Heinz, Eike‐Christian Hornig, Jörg Kemmerzell, Bettina Petersohn). 2016. Constitutional Policy in Multilevel Government. The Art of Keeping the Balance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198786078. http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780198786078.do
A Review of Applications of the Advocacy Coalition Framework in Swedish Policy Processes
Authors: Nohrstedt Daniel , Olofsson Kristin
Published: December 2016

In recent decades, there has been a growing interest among public policy scholars to explore the applicability of policy process frameworks across political systems. One popular framework simplifying the complexity of public policy is the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). Prior research suggests that the ACF is useful for identifying variables and relationships influencing the policy process but also that questions remain regarding its applicability in different political systems. This paper addresses some of these questions by conducting a review of empirical ACF applications in Sweden—a country where the ACF has received growing attention. We code 25 of the most complete applications across themes associated with advocacy coalitions, learning, and policy change. We also examine what research methods are employed, what comparisons are made between the ACF and other frameworks, and what modifications are suggested by scholars. The conclusion identifies strengths and limitations of the ACF in the context of the Swedish policy process and suggests directions for future research in Sweden and beyond.
Bricolage or Entrepreneurship? Lessons from the Creation of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Authors: Deruelle Thibaud
Published: December 2016

This paper belongs to the field of theories of the Policy process and contributes to the literature on the multiple streams approach (MSA), by investigating bricolage as an alternative type of agency in agenda‐setting and policy formulation. The bricoleur frames conditions as a problem that can and must be fixed and emerges as the one who looks for a solution. For the bricoleur outcome goals, or rather, the choice of a particular outcome is less important than the process goal. Therefore, the bricoleur selects policy ideas depending on the properties they display and combines them to create the best “fit” to couple the streams. Bricolage relates to the organizational properties of certain actors, in this case the European Commission. Evidence comes from the case of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and its origins, created in the aftermath of the severe acute respiratory syndrome crisis. I will demonstrate that the crisis did not trigger the creation of the ECDC but rather was framed as a salient issue to be resolved by the Commission. The process of policy formulation that followed resulted in a bespoke solution. As such, this paper contributes to the development of the MSA but also to the literature on ideational politics and European agencies.
The Migration of Greek Physicians to Germany: Motivations, Factors and the Role of National Health Sectors
Authors: Gkolfinopoulos Andreas
Published: December 2016

Even before the outbreak of the Eurozone crisis, a migration trend of Greek physicians into the German health system was well underway. With particular focus on Greek physicians who are practicing medical specialization training, this article investigates the subjective motivations for their decision to emigrate with the help of six semi‐structured qualitative interviews. This article also intends to explain this migration case by considering the role played by the political framework according to an institutional approach, based on the approach of Robyn Iredale and the research findings of Kirsten Hoesch. This is mainly achieved by comparing the German and Greek health sectors, focusing on the key actors in control of the structure's development. Finally, this article aims to demonstrate that the subjective motivations of the interviewees are related to employment considerations and conditions in Greece and Germany, as consequences pertaining to the structures of both health systems and the relevant political framework ‐ the main actors of the health sectors, the state in Greece, as well as the physicians' associations in Germany.
Significado externo de “alimentación correcta” en México
Authors: Suárez Solana María del Carmen
Published: December 2016

En este artículo se utiliza la categoría de significado externo de Mintz, para exponer el contexto social, económico y político en el que se ha ido construyendo el concepto de “alimentación correcta” en México, desde las primeras intervenciones hasta las actuales políticas sociales de alimentación. El texto se divide en tres etapas: la primera denominada la “dieta normal”, que abarcó de 1930 a 1980; la segunda, caracterizada por la focalización de necesidades individuales de vitaminas y minerales, que fue de 1980 al 2000; y la tercera, del año 2000 a la actualidad, que corresponde a la etapa de la “dieta correcta”. Entre las principales conclusiones, se destaca el hecho de que el propósito subyacente a dichas intervenciones ha sido modernizar al país –desde las diferentes concepciones que esto significó en cada etapa– manteniendo y reproduciendo las relaciones de poder.
Alimentación y riesgos para la salud: visiones sobre la alimentación saludable y prácticas alimentarias de mujeres y varones de clase media en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires
Authors: Freidin Betina
Published: December 2016

Analizamos las nociones sobre la alimentación saludable y la percepción de riesgos asociados a la comida industrializada de mujeres y varones jóvenes y de mediana edad de clase media que residen en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Los datos provienen de ocho grupos focalizados realizados en el año 2013. Nuestro estudio muestra que los participantes de los grupos incorporan el conocimiento nutricional-científico en sus concepciones de alimentación saludable. Sin embargo, unos pocos plantean los riesgos para la salud derivados del consumo de  alimentos procesados, más allá de la creciente divulgación pública sobre las grasas trans y el contenido de sal. Si bien se valoran positivamente los alimentos orgánicos, se objetan su costo y la localización del circuito comercial. Además de la preocupación por la salud, en las prácticas alimentarias intervienen otras prioridades como los costos, la comodidad, la estética, el placer y la sociabilidad.
Desnutrición crónica en escolares: itinerarios de desatención nutricional y programas oficiales en comunidades indígenas de Guerrero, México
Authors: Hersch-Martínez Paul , Pisanty-Alatorre Julio
Published: December 2016

En este texto se analizan diversos elementos de la dinámica nutricional de un municipio predominantemente indígena de Guerrero, México, con el propósito de explorar la pertinencia del concepto de itinerarios de desatención nutricional para ampliar la comprensión del daño evitable a la salud. En el marco de un proceso de acompañamiento a la Comisión de Salud de la Coordinadora Regional de Autoridades Comunitarias - Policía Comunitaria, en el transcurso del año 2015, se aplicaron los siguientes recursos metodológicos: a) revisión de programas oficiales mediante consulta de documentos técnicos y entrevistas con personal sanitario; b) obtención de narrativas locales en familias de niños desnutridos, mediante entrevistas y observación participante; c) realización de somatometría en 151 menores en tres escuelas primarias de la región. Se resalta la inadecuación técnica y cultural de los programas oficiales de atención a la desnutrición y la existencia de distintas escalas (individual, familiar, comunitaria, estatal, estructural) y dimensiones (económica, ambiental, cultural, institucional, afectivo-emocional) de desatención, materializadas en altos índices de desnutrición crónica.
¿Sabemos lo que comemos?: Percepciones sobre el riesgo alimentario en Cataluña, España
Authors: Zafra Aparici Eva , Muñoz García Araceli , Larrea-Killinger Cristina
Published: December 2016

En este artículo se describen y analizan las percepciones sociales sobre el riesgo alimentario en Cataluña (España), que inciden en qué alimentos son percibidos como peligrosos, pero también en cómo, cuándo, dónde, por qué y de qué manera se concibe este riesgo a partir de las narrativas de los informantes. A través de un estudio cualitativo, se ha explorado cómo se construyen y gestionan los discursos legos, que conforman imaginarios diversos sobre el riesgo alimentario que no siempre coinciden con la mirada biomédica. Se señala que el riesgo sobre los alimentos no siempre se asocia a los peligros del progreso o la industrialización, ni se centra necesariamente en el debate dicotómico “alimento industrializado” versus “alimento natural”, sino en un conjunto de posibilidades que tienen que ver también con el contexto de su producción, distribución, preparación y/o consumo.
El derecho a la alimentación en entornos obesogénicos: Reflexiones sobre el rol de los profesionales de la salud
Authors: Piaggio Laura Raquel
Published: December 2016

Frente a la actual epidemia de obesidad, se problematiza la usual circunscripción del alcance del derecho a la alimentación a las situaciones de malnutrición por déficit. Se plantea que el derecho a la alimentación adecuada resulta vulnerado en los entornos obesogénicos, y que su protección requiere el establecimiento de medidas que regulen la publicidad y las prácticas de comercialización de productos ultraprocesados. Se sostiene que la principal barrera para la implementación de tales medidas la constituyen las estrategias desplegadas por las grandes corporaciones alimentarias. Entre ellas, se destacan las que tienen como objeto y/o como medio a la comunidad científica. Se identifican ciertos supuestos básicos subyacentes en los discursos de profesionales de la salud que contribuyen a crear un marco de legitimación del consumo de productos ultra-procesados. Se sugiere la adopción de un posicionamiento ético, libre de conflictos de intereses, para abogar por las necesarias medidas regulatorias de carácter estatutario.
Una evaluación crítica de los programas alimentarios en Argentina
Authors: Abeyá Gilardon Enrique O.
Published: December 2016

Argentina tiene una historia de más de 60 años de programas alimentarios con escasísimas o nulas evaluaciones, aun cuando se han producido cambios epidemiológicos y sociales muy importantes en su población objetivo. En este artículo se revisan los programas alimentarios del Estado de alcance nacional, que tengan como propósito de su formulación contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria de las familias más necesitadas; se actualiza la situación nutricional de su población objetivo; y se proponen argumentos para analizar los programas vigentes a partir de una tipología basada en los componentes de la seguridad alimentaria. Una revisión general de los programas alimentarios requiere ser realizada desde su concepción, contenido y alcance, para que dejen de ser meras ayudas sociales y se transformen en portadores del derecho a una mejor alimentación y nutrición.
Cambios en el patrón de consumo de alimentos y bebidas en Argentina, 1996-2013
Authors: Zapata María Elisa , Rovirosa Alicia , Carmuega Esteban
Published: December 2016

El patrón alimentario de la población se ha modificado en los últimos años como consecuencia de cambios culturales y en la accesibilidad a los alimentos. Con el objetivo de describir los cambios en el patrón de consumo de alimentos y bebidas en las últimas dos décadas en Argentina, se analizó la Encuesta Nacional de Gastos de los Hogares de los años 1996-1997, 2004-2005 y 2012-2013. Se estimó el consumo aparente promedio de alimentos y bebidas en gramos o mililitros de peso neto por adulto equivalente para cada período. La variación en la cantidad de alimentos y bebidas disponibles para consumo entre 1996 y 2013 muestra un cambio en la estructura del patrón de dieta, que parece indicar un cambio en la forma de comprar, preparar y consumir los alimentos, relacionado con una mayor practicidad, más accesibilidad y menos tiempo dedicado a la preparación de los alimentos.
Prevalence of Substance Abuse/Alcohol Consumption and their Predictors among Patients Admitted in Operating Rooms of a General Educational Hospital, Tehran, Iran
Authors: Shohreh Alavi S. , Mehrdad Ramin , Makarem Jalil
Published: December 2016

Substance/alcohol abuse is an important public health threat in most countries. Social stigmatization and legal restrictions prevent accurate and direct estimate of prevalence of substance/alcohol abuse in Iran. This study aimed to estimate of the prevalence of alcohol and substance use among Iranian patients who were admitted to operating rooms of a general hospital in Tehran and identified risk factors that may predict alcohol and substance use. This cross-sectional study was conducted among all consecutive patients who were admitted to 16 operating rooms in Vali-e-Asr General Educational Hospital (Tehran, Iran) during March 2014 to September 2015. Data were derived from a medical history form prior to operation by trained nurses who were working in the operating rooms. Among 1136 patients admitted to operating rooms, 105 (28.7%) men and 21 (2.7%) women were substance/alcohol users. The main substance of abuse was opium (57.3%) followed by alcohol consumption (25.6%) and water pipe smoking (14.8%). Cigarette smoking was reported by 110 (30.1%) men and 21 (2.7%) women. Sex, cigarette smoking and family history of alcohol and substance abuse predicted 42.3% of the variance in substance abuse/alcohol consumption. Substance use, especially opium, alcohol, water pipe tobacco and cigarette smoking were found to be significantly high particularly among male patients. Being a man, current cigarette smoking and having a first-degree family member who had abused substances should be considered when planning preventive or therapeutic programs.
Comparison of 1 Versus 3 Days Post-Operative Catheterization After Anterior Colporrhaphy
Authors: Shahnaz Ahmadi , Elham Rahmani , Kambiz Ahmadi , Sara Kalani
Published: December 2016

With attention to the fact that after anterior colporrhaphy surgery and stitches on vaginal mucus, inserting urinary catheter is requested, according to scientific references and in order to prevent from urinary retention, it has been said that the catheter should be inserted for 3 days. But inserting the catheter leads to infections of bladder and pain. So, in the present study, we compared the removal of the catheter 24 hours versus 72 hours after the surgery, considering urinary infections, urinary retention, patient's ease and hospitalization. Within two groups of 70 patients, which has been assimilated based on basic factors (devided into two groups accidently with excel table) urinary catheter fixed for 1 and 3 days. After that, patients were compared considering urinary retention, urinary infections and the rate of patient satisfaction. Urinary retention was 28.6% in the test group and 22.9% in a controlling group which was not statistically meaningful (P = 0.78). Urinary infections were 22.9% in the test group and 34.3% in the controlling group (P = 0.42) and the rate of patient's satisfactions was 57.1% in the test group and 40% in controlling group (P = 0.23). The hospitalization period in the test group and in the control group was 2.91 ± 0.61 and 3.94 ± 0.59 days respectively with a significant difference (P = 0.001). The results showed that short time catheterization is more satisfactory in comparison long catheterizations.
The Comparison of Job Stress among Dental Professionals of Dentistry Faculty Members of Tabriz University
Authors: Dehnad Seyyed Vahid , Ghavimi Mohammad Ali , Ghoreishizadeh Arezu , Falsefi Parisa , Negahdari Ramin , Babalou Amir Reza
Published: December 2016

Several studies have so far focused on occupational stress among dentists and the results have shown that many factors can cause stress. However, the level of stress among experts in the fields of dentistry has not yet been studied in Iran. The aim of this study is to examine the causes and levels of job stress among dental professionals in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study included all dental professionals of Dentistry Faculty; an overall of 55 subjects in Tabriz were studied in this research and their level of stress was evaluated using "The Health and Safety Executive Management Standards Indicator Tool" (HSE stress questionnaire) from September up to October 2014. The level of stress in each dental specialty was examined descriptively (mean, standard deviation). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20. The findings of the study showed that the highest stress among dental professionals from different fields was observed in the field of oral and maxillofacial radiology; fields of oral medicine, endodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery and pediatric dentistry ranked later. The lowest stress was seen among orthodontics specialists. Based on the results of the present study, the rate of job stress varied significantly among dental professionals.
The Relationship between High Sensitive C-reaction Protein (hs-CRP) and Diastolic Heart Function in Diabetes Mellitus Type II
Authors: Ghavam Samiramis , Hafezi Ahmadi Mohammad Reza , Mosavi Aslan , Elhamdoost Elham , Kazeminezhad Behrang
Published: December 2016

Among several inflammatory markers, high sensitive C-reaction protein (hs-CRP) is outstandingly observed in diabetic individuals. Serum hs-CRP is the main marker of inflammation whose levels independently predict the risk of cardiovascular events, and it has a prognostic value in heart patients. On the other hand, diabetes can lead to diastolic dysfunction of the heart. Diastolic dysfunction can cause symptoms of exertional dyspnea, which restricts the patient's activity. It is likely to predict diastolic dysfunction by screening through hs-CRP. The present investigation was a case-control study that was carried out on 52 patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type II. After the demographic data were recorded, and following the collection of data on the patients' history, physical examination, and para-clinical measures, individuals who had factors interfering with level of serum hs-CRP (kidney and liver diseases, inflammatory and infectious diseases, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, connective tissue disease, malignant tumor, trauma, consumption of statins, aspirin, ACEI, and fibrates) and diastolic dysfunction (ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, pericardial disease, arrhythmias and valvular disease) were crossed out of the study. Serum hs-CRP was measured by nephelometry method. According to the results of tissue Doppler echocardiography, these patients are divided into two groups: one with diastolic dysfunction and the other without diastolic dysfunction. The serum hs-CRP levels of these patients were compared with each other. Among the participants, 30.8% were men and 69.2% were women, 36 individuals (69.2%) had diastolic dysfunction while 16 (30.8%) did not. There was a high level of correlation between the level of serumhs-CRP and diastolic dysfunction (p = 0.02, t = 2.36). The results of the present study indicated that there is a correlation between level of serum hs-CRP and diastolic dysfunction, such that the more the level of hs-CRP, the higher probability of diastolic dysfunction existence will be.
The Effects of the Roy’s Adaptation Model on Primigravida Women’s Self-Concept: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mohammadpour Ali , Najafi Samane , Tavakkolizadeh Jahanshir , Mohammadzadeh Fatemeh
Published: December 2016

Most women do not have a positive self-concept and impression about themselves during pregnancy because they become less active and gain more weight. Self-concept significantly contributes to individuals' mental health. This controlled trial was performed to assess the effect of an intervention based on the Roy's adaptation model on self-concept among primigravida women. This study was conducted on a random sample of 83 Iranian primigravida women. Women in the experimental group received educational and counseling services in five sessions held in five consecutive weeks. Thereafter, they received a four-week follow-up care. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding adaptation knowledge and self-concept adaptation. However, after the intervention, these differences were statistically significant. The Roy's adaptation model has positive effects on primigravida women's physical and interpersonal self-concept adaptation. Given its simplicity and easy applicability, this model can be used for improving pregnancy-related outcomes.
Financial and Economic Criteria for Evaluating the Performance of Pharmacies
Authors: Imani Ali , Moghimi Mona , Golestani Mina , Jalilian Habib
Published: December 2016

Improving the economic performance of pharmacies need to economic and financial indicators. Despite this necessity, economic and financial performance indicators have not been identified comprehensively in the pharmacy setting. Thus the aim of this study is to determine the economic and financial performance assessment criteria of the pharmacies by specialist's point of view. This study is a qualitative study in which experts and professional's point of view were gathered by focus group discussion. 15 health system experts were selected by purposive sampling approach. Data from focus group discussions (FGD) were analyzed by thematic analysis method. Twelve main themes in two scopes were obtained to assess the economic and financial performance of the pharmacy by review of specialists view. These themes are waste rate, profitability, cost control, financial management, economic and political issues, pharmacist, doctor, medical insurance, management system, pharmaceutical companies, cultural issues and public or private administration system of pharmacy. Based on the results of this study, the most important criteria to evaluate the financial and economic performance of pharmacies were identified. These results can be used for to economic and financial performance evaluation of pharmacies.
Individual and External Catalysts and Barriers of Biking: A Community based Study in a Metropolis
Authors: Vakili Veda , Jarahi Lida , Mousavi Bazzaz Seyed Mojtaba , Shojaee Pardis
Published: December 2016

Biking has proven health, environmental and traffic benefits. To prevail biking at community infrastructures and "Bicycle Sharing Systems (BSS)" have been developed, but their effectiveness is dependent on people's attitudes and perceptions. We aim to investigate attitudes of people toward biking and related infrastructures with regard to demographic factors in Mashhad, Iran-a metropolis with unsuccessful BSS. The present work was conducted as a cross-sectional study at Mashhad, Iran, in 2015. In a multistage sampling, adult inhabitants were selected and data about their perceptions of benefits and barriers of biking were collected through a researcher-designed questionnaire. of 437 study participants with a mean ( ± SD) age of 29.9 ( ± 11.3) years, 250 (57.3%) were female. Only 3 (0.7%) of respondents used bikes. Positive attitudes were significantly associated with gender, marital status and occupation of participants. Car ownership was accompanied by higher perceptions of "tiredness of biking"(p = 0.02), its "low safety" (p = 0.02) and "time wasting" (p = 0.01). According to the results, cultural interventions are needed for biking promotion regardless of their socioeconomic status. Educational programs at academic settings are also valuable. Safety, convenience, and affordability of different groups of populations (like elderly and deprived people) should be regarded during designing and constructing biking infrastructures and setting participation rules.
Comparison of Religious Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Citalopram on Depression and Anxiety among Women with Breast Cancer: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Hamzeh , Rafiei Alireza , Janbabai Ghasem , Tirgari Abdolhakim , Zakavi Aliasghar , Yazdani Jamshid , Bolhari Jafar , Golzari Manhood , Vaezzadeh Nazanin , Douki Zahra Esmaeili
Published: December 2016

There has been evidence supporting the reduction of depression and anxiety by religious psychotherapy in cancer patients, however, there have been scarce randomized controlled trials. Therefore, there is a need for replication in a well-designed study to investigate the efficacy of these interventions among depressed women with breast cancer. A randomized controlled trial is designed to be conducted on 160 women with breast cancer. Participants will be screened for anxiety and depression diagnosed by clinical interview based on the DSM-IV criteria and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. Golriz and Baraheni's Religious Attitude Questionnaire will be used to assess the religious attitude. Individuals meeting the prerequisites will be randomly allocated to four groups, each containing 40 participants, including three intervention groups (RCBT, CBT, and citalopram) and one control group (usual breast cancer treatment). An instrument by the EORTCQLQ-C30 and BR-23 will be used to measure the quality of life. Blood tests will be taken to assess biomarkers with the (ELISA) method. The results will determine whether RCBT is more effective than other treatments. If so, the outcomes of the study will have implications not only for the management of similar problems in cancer patients but also for the management of other chronic diseases.
Визначення ризиків в цивільній безпілотній авіації
Authors: Kharchenko Volodymyr , Мatiychyk Denys
Published: December 2016

Мета: Ризики у безпілотній авіації цивільного призначення розглядаються як одні із найважливіших. У статті обґрунтовано актуальність питання забезпечення безпеки польотів повітряних суден та розглянуто основні ризики в пілотованій цивільній авіації. Методи: Проведено аналіз даних про авіаційні події та проведено розподіл ймовірностей виникнення авіаційних подій для пілотованої та безпілотної цивільної авіації з метою виявлення факторів, які впливають на виникнення позаштатних ситуацій у пілотованій і безпілотній авіації. Результати: Запропоновано типологію складових ризиків у цивільній авіації, систематизовано способи та прийоми зниження ризиків. На основі аналогій визначено ймовірні ризики, причини їх виникнення та шляхи подолання в цивільній безпілотній авіації. Обґрунтовано розподіл вагових коефіцієнтів між типами ризиків задля формування рекомендацій з управління ризиками у безпілотній цивільній авіації. Обговорення: Встановлено, що найбільш ймовірними ризиками у пілотованій цивільній авіації є людський фактор, організація управління повітряним рухом, недоліки конструкції безплотної авіаційної системи в цілому, а також обслуговування безплотної авіаційної системи.
Викиди зважених часток від повітряних суден під час експлуатації в межах аеропорту
Authors: Zaporozhets Oleksandr , Synylo Kateryna
Published: December 2016

Мета: Викиди авіадвигунів в межах приземного граничного шару під час етапів зльоту та посадки призводять до значного погіршення якості повітря в межах аеропорту та на прилеглих житлових територіях. На сьогодні, основними об'єктами забруднення повітря в аеропортах є оксиди азоту і зважені частки (ЗЧ10, ЗЧ2.5 і ультрадісперсні ЗЧ), які спричиняють виникнення відповідно фотохімічного смогу та туману з наступними несприятливими наслідками для здоров’я населення. Аналіз результатів інвентаризації викидів ЗЧ у головних аеропортах Європи вказує на домінантність викидів авіадвигунів та допоміжної силової установки. Стаття спрямована на аналіз теоретичних та експериментальних досліджень із розподілу часток за розміром у викидах авіадвигунів, а також особливостей їх морфології та внутрішньої структури, оскільки зазначені властивості мають важливе значення для розуміння потенційного впливу ЗЧ на здоров'я населення. Стаття також надає детальний опис основних методів розрахунку викидів та дисперсії ЗЧ від авіадвигуна протягом злітно-посадкового циклу повітряного судна. Методи: аналітичне розв'язання рівняння атмосферної дифузії використовується для розрахунку максимальної концентрації ЗЧ від точкового джерела емісії. Концентрація ЗЧ змінюється обернено пропорційно швидкості вітру u1 і прямо пропорційно вертикальній складовій коефіцієнту турбулентного обміну k1/u1. Оцінка концентрації нелетучої ЗЧ враховує розмір і форму ЗЧ. Модель PolEmiCa обчислює розподіл фракцій ЗЧ у викидах від авіадвигунів та ДСУ (висота установки H = 4,5 м для Ту-154). Результати: Максимальна концентрація ЗЧ у викидах ДСУ вища, а відповідна відстань менша, у порівнянні з випадком для газу. Полідисперсність призводить до розподілу максимумів концентрацій в просторі для окремих фракцій за напрямком вітру, що призводить до зменшення загальної максимальної концентрації. Обговорення: Хоча емісія ДСУ сягає рівня авіадвигунів, викиди ДСУ не сертифіковані ІСАО. Отже, зазначена проблема є актуальною для місцевої якості повітря, зокрема для розробки моделі та визначення методів виявлення складової викидів авіадвигунів і ДСУ у загальне забруднення повітря аеропорту ЗЧ.
Створення Чорнобильського біосферного радіоекологічного заповідника як втілення біотехнології відновлення зони відчуження
Authors: Bondarenko Oleh , Movchan Yaroslav , Gulevets Dmytro , Goutsal Olga , Drapaliuk Anastasiya
Published: December 2016

Мета: cтаття присвячена збереженню унікальної території, яка має унікальне поєднання лісів, боліт, ставків і земель. Наразі дана територія стала радіоекологічним полігоном. Можливе створення біосферного заповідника на основі території зони відчуження, а також існуючих територій та об'єктів національного природно-заповідного фонду. Методи: оцінки на основі картографічної інформації та прогнозного визначення ступеня погіршення територій. Результати: поліпшення управління існуючих і нових територій зони відчуження, шляхом створення однієї великої природоохоронної території в регіоні. Посилення контролю за популяціями рідкісних і зникаючих видів. Обговорення: запропонована попереднє функціональне зонування біосферного заповідника в межах відповідних адміністративних районів.
Особливості кліматичних змін в Україні: сценарії, наслідки для природи та агроекосистем
Authors: Boychenko Svitlana , Voloshchuk Volodymyr , Movchan Yaroslav , Serdjuchenko Nadiia , Tkachenko Vasyl , Tyshchenko Oksana , Savchenko Serhij
Published: December 2016

Мета: Метою дослідження є аналіз основних особливостей зміни клімату в Україні в ХХ-ХХI століттях, і отримати оцінку можливих регіональних екологічних наслідків під впливом глобального потепління. Методи: Емпіричні константи в побудованих напівемпіричних моделях були оцінені на основі статистичного аналізу матеріалів метеорологічних спостережень на метеостанціях України протягом XX ст. і початку XXІ ст. Отримані результати використовуються для побудови сценаріїв можливих зміни клімату в Україні при глобальному потеплінні в найближчому майбутньому. Результати: Кліматичні умови України відреагували на глобальне потепління (середньорічна температура підвищилася на 0,6± 0,2оС/за 100 років і незначне збільшення річної суми опадів на 5-7% протягом 100 років). Особливості трансформації сезонного ходу кліматичних полів температури і атмосферних опадів в Україні розглядається також. Беручи до уваги глобальні зміни клімату, пропонуються регіональні сценарії клімату (температура і атмосферні опади) в Україні до 2050 року. Обговорення: Аналіз основних екологічних наслідків від глобального потепління, які вже сталися або можуть проявитися в найближчому майбутньому в Україні, проведено: підняття рівня Чорного і Азовського морів; просторова трансформація структури степових фітосистем; зміни в північній частині Азовського моря екосистем морських кіс; збудження катастрофічних погодних явищ в Україні, розвиток опустелювання в південних і південно-східних областях України, вплив змін клімату на сільське господарство, аспекти водних ресурсів.
DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO NA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA: ACESSO E PERMANÊNCIA DA CAMADA POPULAR NO CONTEXTO DO PAIETS
Authors: Pereira Roberta , Colares Mariene , Jardim Sarah , Claro Lisiane , Pereira Vilmar
Published: December 2016

O presente relato apresenta as experiências do Programa de Auxílio ao Ingresso aos Ensinos Técnico e Superior – PAIETS da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG na luta pelo acesso e permanência da camada popular no Ensino Superior público e de qualidade. Diante disso, as ações do PAIETS se materializam através dos cursos pré- universitários populares, localizados nos bairros populares da cidade de Rio Grande/RS, São José do Norte/RS, Capão do Leão/RS e Santo Antônio da Patrulha/RS; através do subprograma PAIETS Indígena e Quilombola; e, também, na retomada das comunidades tradicionais da Educação Básica no Projeto Educação para Pescadores. Neste sentido, as práticas desenvolvidas nos contextos de atuação do PAIETS objetivam potencializar ações educativas que tenham em seu horizonte a Educação Popular como uma escolha intrinsecamente política, uma vez que entendemos que a prática educativa é uma das formas de se lutar contra as contradições da atual conjuntura da sociedade. Os princípios orientadores das práticas do programa dão-se no sentido de apostar numa formação crítica e política, na possibilidade do ‘ser mais’. Portanto, os cursos pré-universitários populares direcionam suas ações cotidianas para a emancipação coletiva, defendo o espaço do Ensino Superior como um direito e uma possibilidade das classes populares. No PAIETS Indígena e Quilombola, as ações objetivam a permanência destes estudantes oriundos de comunidades tradicionais através do acompanhamento qualificado, desenvolvendo atividades de apoio acadêmico e valorização de suas culturas, a assunção da identidade cultural. Trilhamos este caminho pois acreditamos em uma universidade inclusiva e comprometida com o social.
CIRCUITO DE LEITURA: FORMANDO LEITORES PARA O FUTURO
Authors: OLIVEIRA Bruno Henrique , SILVA Crislene , FERREIRA Christiane
Published: December 2016

O projeto circuito de leitura realizado na escola Consuelo coelho Sousa situada no 40 horas em Ananindeua-PA relata a experiência dos bolsistas do Programa PET/ Conexões de Saberes Diálogo Entre a Universidade e as Comunidades Populares, oriundos de escolas públicas e residentes de comunidades populares. Que tem por objetivo incentivar o prazer pela leitura de alunos do 6º 7º e 8º ano, do ensino fundamental, como forma de atração pela leitura, escrita e de expressão da criatividade. Nesse sentido demos ênfase no ensino de leitura que proporcionou o desenvolvimento de um trabalho com várias vertentes distintas relacionando suas múltiplas linguagens dentro da concepção da língua em que o ato de ler dar-se entre autor, leitor, texto e contexto, e a partir disso originando-se um leitor ativo que recebe, transforma e age sobre a leitura a língua e a vida.