bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Bullying Perpetration and Bullying Victimization Among Semi-Professional Team Sport Players in North Cyprus
Authors: Maydon Denitsa Hristoforova , Celik Dilek , Bayraktar Fatih
Published: May 2022

This study explores the influence of individual and relational predictors on bullying perpetration/victimization among semi-professional team sport players in North Cyprus. Three variables reflect on an individual’s level characteristics (e.g., gender, age, and nationality), and another one, representing the relational level factor (e.g., negative coaching behavior). The current paper obtained data from athletes through convenient sampling technique and online survey utilization. A total of 190 sports players with an average age of 24.77 (SD = 4.52) participated. All participants were club athletes from 16 diverse nations, competing in four different sports disciplines: football, volleyball, handball, and basketball. Hierarchical regression analysis was implemented to evaluate the above underlying linkages. It was found that age, nationality, and the coach’s negative personal rapport significantly predicted bullying victimization dynamics among athletes. Bullying perpetration was only predicted by negative personal rapport with the coach but not by any of the individual level predictors. The moderation analysis showed that negative personal rapport with the coach significantly predicted the level of bullying victimization, the age and the nationality of the athlete moderated the relationship between the negative personal rapport and bullying victimization. In other words, the negative personal rapport had a higher effect on bullying victimization for the younger athletes and for international ones. Such findings have the potential to shape the base for further ongoing works, which could underline the critical demand for more emphasis and analysis of nationality, gender, age, and coach’s negative rapport on bullying perpetration or victimization. The significance of the study’s findings, its limits, and potential paths for further interpersonal violence research are addressed.
Social-Ecological Correlates of Social Isolation as a Structural Indicator of Social Connectedness Among Young Adult U.S. Males
Authors: Rovito Kathy E. , Herring R. Patti , Beeson W. Lawrence , Gamboa-Maldonado Thelma , Lee Jerry W.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

We examined the intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and societal correlates of a structural indicator of social connectedness (ie, social isolation) among a sample of young adult U.S. males

Design

Cross-sectional. Setting: Online survey.

Subjects

Males (n = 495) aged 18-25 years residing in the U.S.

Measures

Social isolation was assessed as an index measure of social integration (inverse scored). The correlates consisted of the following variables: 1) intrapersonal (eg, social-demographic characteristics), 2) interpersonal (eg, adverse childhood experiences; marital status), 3) community (eg, county-level mental distress rates), and 4) societal (eg, how powerful is society’s image of the ‘masculine man’).

Analysis

Four-block hierarchical regression.

Results

The intra- and interpersonal variables significantly shared 17% and an incremental 5%, respectively, of the explained variance in social isolation. Several intra- (eg, financial vulnerability β = -2.76, [95% CI: -4.40, -1.13]) and inter-personal (ie, childhood household dysfunction β = -.66, [95% CI: -1.18, -.14]) factors were significantly associated with greater social isolation. Four intrapersonal factors (eg, gay or bisexual β = 2.31, [95% CI: .29, 4.33]) were significantly associated with lower social isolation.

Conclusions

The current study’s findings have important implications for understanding and shaping social connectedness in young adult U.S. males, with micro-level influences potentially being most important in predicting social isolation in this population.
What does a personality science approach to post-traumatic growth reveal?
Authors: Blackie Laura ER , Jayawickreme Eranda
Published: May 2022

Recent research has advocated for the value of conceptualizing post-traumatic growth as positive personality change. However, most research continues to use both methodologically suspect assessment tools and unsupported theoretical assumptions. How can personality psychologists contribute to the pursuit of high-quality research on this topic? The current special issue, which grew out of the European Association for Personality Psychology (EAPP) expert meeting on “Integrating Post-Traumatic Growth and Personality Change”, held at the University of Nottingham, on September 16–17, 2019, includes 15 papers that (1) examine short-term change in multiple personality constructs after adversity, (2) highlight the limitations of only assessing post-traumatic growth with retrospective questionnaires, and (3) provide theoretical and methodological recommendations for the continued advancement of the study of post-traumatic growth through the lens of personality psychology. While these papers all address specific ways to advance the personality science of post-traumatic growth, collectively they highlight the many unanswered questions that future research should tackle.
Penetration resistance properties of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites with different ply angles
Authors: Zou Guangping , Wu Songyang , Chang Zhongliang , Liu Yuhang , Wang Xuan
Published: May 2022

This paper mainly studies the dynamic response of composites with glass fiber as reinforcement and polypropylene resin as matrix under high-speed projectile penetration. The penetration effects of fiber unidirectional ply cross-ply and quasi-isotropic ply laminate were studied by using penetration velocities of 100–500 m/s. The effects of ply angle on ballistic limit velocity, target energy absorption rate and corresponding failure mode are analyzed. The correctness of the simulation model is verified by comparative experiments, and the ply angle of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GF/PP) composites is optimized. The results show that the energy absorption efficiency of the three kinds of laminated plates gradually decreases with the increase of the projectile incident velocity, and with the increase of the velocity, the absorption rate of the target plate gradually decreases tends to the same constant. The laminated plates with complex ply angles are simulated and analyzed, and the optimization results show that the ballistic limit velocity of fiber-reinforced composite laminates with ply angle of 30° is the highest.
Fluctuating Voriconazole Concentrations during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Vu Truong , Feih Joel , Juul Janelle
Published: May 2022

Background

Patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) demonstrate complex drug pharmacokinetics due to alterations in clearance and volume of distribution, necessitating close therapeutic drug monitoring. Case Report: A 19-year-old Caucasian female with no past medical history was transferred from an outside hospital and admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to a fresh water drowning event. The patient decompensated, requiring veno-arterial ECMO, which was subsequently changed to veno-venous ECMO. She was diagnosed with a Scedosporium apiospermum fungal pneumonia and was started on voriconazole. Throughout the course of antifungal therapy, the patient’s voriconazole concentrations were labile, ranging from subtherapeutic, requiring dose increases to twice the labeled therapeutic dose, followed by subsequent supratherapeutic concentrations, requiring dose reductions. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate how voriconazole drug concentrations can be unpredictable when administered during ECMO and the importance of close monitoring of drug concentrations. More studies are needed to provide sufficient guidance on administering voriconazole in critically ill patients receiving ECMO.
A novel design for enhancing the surface durability of the spur gear systems
Authors: Hussein Ahmed W , Abdullah Mohammad Q
Published: May 2022

In this study, a general mathematical model for defining the gear tooth profile and its geometrical aspects that meet a desirable sliding contact during the meshing cycle is built. This model is based on the path of contact shape predefinition. In the contact path, a straight-line segment through the pitch point and a universal transition curve for the other segments are combined to create a free-form tooth profile with desired radius of curvature in the designed gear. The maximum pressure angle during the meshing cycle and the involute curve length parameter are only introduced to characterize this model. The designed gear in this study is given the title “free-form-gear” since it provided a universal manner of establishing the path of contact that provides desirable sliding conditions during the meshing cycle. The proposed tooth form, interference condition, contact ratio, contact stress, sliding coefficient, and meshing efficiency are derived and investigated in this study. The fillet stress and torsional mesh stiffness of the proposed gear pair are obtained using the finite element method (FEM). The performance of the new gear is compared to that of the standard involute and non-involute gear types. The results indicated that the method proposed in this study can be utilized to construct a gear pair with higher surface durability and strength than typical involute gear of the same size.
Processing and characterization of SS316 based metal matrix composite casting through microwave hybrid heating
Authors: Pal Jatinder , Gupta Dheeraj , Singh Tejinder Paul
Published: May 2022

In the current study, metal matrix composites of iron-based alloy (SS316) are successfully cast by the application of a novel processing route of microwave hybrid heating (MHH). The castings of iron-base alloy (SS316) powder and reinforced with 10 wt.% EWAC1004 (Ni-based) + 3 wt.% WC-12Co are developed in the domestic microwave oven power of 900 W and frequency 2.45 GHz. The mechanical and metallurgical properties of the prepared casts are investigated. The value of the mean particle size of the powder used is found to be 40 μm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Vickers’s microhardness tester are used for the characterization of so developed composites samples. The microstructure is reported as elongated columnar grains or lathlike structure with uniform melting of the iron-based (SS316) matrix has been achieved. The XRD confirmed the presence of typical carbides and intermetallic. The average micro-hardness of the reinforced composites is reported as 420 ± 90 HV0.3. The achieved microhardness of cast samples is 2 times the commercially received SS316. The micro-hardness obtained on the surface of the carbide phase is 648.16 HV0.3. The porosity of the prepared cast is found to be less than 2% which is approximately 3 times less as compared to commercially received SS316. The relative density of the microwave cast SS316 without reinforcement is found to be maximum with the value of 98%. The value of grain size of the microwave-casted composite samples is reduced to 23 microns (μm)
S-duct flow distortion with non-uniform inlet conditions
Authors: Migliorini Matteo , Zachos Pavlos K , MacManus David G , Haladuda Pierre
Published: May 2022

Convoluted aero-engine intakes are often required to enable closer integration between engine and airframe. Although the majority of previous research focused on the distortion of S-duct intakes with undistorted inlet conditions, there is a need to investigate the impact of more challenging inlet conditions at which the intake duct is expected to operate. The impact of inlet vortices and total pressure profiles on the inherent unsteady flow distortion of an S-duct intake was assessed with stereo particle image velocimetry. Inlet vortices disrupted the characteristic flow switching mode but had a modest impact on the peak levels and unsteady fluctuations. Non-uniform inlet total pressure profiles increased the peak swirl intensity and its unsteadiness. The frequency of swirl angle fluctuations was sensitive to the azimuthal orientation of the non-uniform total pressure distribution. The modelling of peak distortion with the extreme value theory revealed that although for some inlet configurations the measured peak swirl intensity was similar, the growth rate of the peak values beyond the experimental observations was substantially different and it was related with the measured flow unsteadiness. This highlights the need of unsteady swirl distortion measurements and the use of statistical models to assess the time-invariant peak distortion levels. Overall, the work shows it is vital to include the effect of the inlet flow conditions as it substantially alters the characteristics of the complex intake flow distortion.
MiR-200c-3p regulates pyroptosis by targeting SLC30A7 in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Li Weina , Yang Sheng , Chen Guangsheng , He Shiping
Published: May 2022

Clinical relevance:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the progression of various diseases. Studying the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs can help clinical treatment.

Background:

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the complications of diabetes. The objective of this study was to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which miR-200c-3p regulates the pyroptosis of DR cell.

Methods:

Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and high glucose (HG) cultures established DR cell model in vitro. RT-qPCR is used to detect the expression level of miRNAs. CCK-8 assays and flow cytometry are used to detect apoptosis of HRMECs cell. Western blotting is used to detect cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-1, and N-GSDMD proteins levels in HRMECs. The ELISA assay is used to detect the expression of IL-1β and IL-18. Predict and validate potential binding sites between miR-200c-3p and SLC30A7 by dual luciferase reporter gene analysis.

Results:

The results showed that HG caused damage to HRMECs through the pyroptosis pathway rather than the apoptosis pathway. MiR-200c-3p is highly expressed in HG induced-HRMECs, and knockdown of miR-200c-3p mitigates HG-induced HRMECs pyroptosis. MiR-200c-3p negatively targets SLC30A7 in HRMECs, and miR-200c-3p regulates pyroptosis of HG-induced HRMECs by targeting SLC30A7.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that miR-200c-3p might be a promising interference target for DR prevention and treatment. The results of current study may provide new insights into development of therapeutic strategies for DR.
Antagonism of G protein-coupled receptor 55 prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced damages in human dental pulp cells
Authors: Li Wei-Jie , Shen Jie
Published: May 2022

Pulpitis is a common oral inflammatory disease in dental pulp commonly associated with bacterial infection. G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a member of the G protein‐coupled receptors family that has been found to regulate inflammatory response. However, its roles in dental pulp inflammation have not been investigated. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) to simulate an in vitro model of pulpitis. We found that LPS markedly induced the GPR55 expression in hDPCs. Treatment with the GPR55 antagonist ML-193 ameliorated the LPS-caused decrease in cell viability and increase in lactate dehydrogenase release. The upregulated inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor α, in LPS-challenged hDPCs were also attenuated by ML-193. Treatment with ML-193 ameliorated LPS-induced production of the inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PGE2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (iNOS/NO) in hDPCs. ML-193 also inhibited the activation of Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation primary response 88-nuclear factor-κB (TLR4-Myd88-NF-κB) signaling in LPS-induced hDPCs via decreased expressions of TLR4, Myd88, and p-NF-κB 65. Our study provides evidence that the GPR55 antagonist ML-193 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated hDPCs through inhibiting TLR4-Myd88-NF-κB signaling. The results imply that ML-193 might be a novel agent for pulpitis.
Doubly-robust estimator of the difference in restricted mean times lost with competing risks data
Authors: Lin Jingyi , Trinquart Ludovic
Published: May 2022

In the context of competing risks data, the subdistribution hazard ratio has limited clinical interpretability to measure treatment effects. An alternative is the difference in restricted mean times lost (RMTL), which gives the mean time lost to a specific cause of failure between treatment groups. In non-randomized studies, the average causal effect is conventionally used for decision-making about treatment and public health policies. We show how the difference in RMTL can be estimated by contrasting the integrated cumulative incidence functions from a Fine-Gray model. We also show how the difference in RMTL can be estimated by using inverse probability of treatment weighting and contrasts between weighted non-parametric estimators of the area below the cumulative incidence. We use pseudo-observation approaches to estimate both component models and we integrate them into a doubly-robust estimator. We demonstrate that this estimator is consistent when either component is correctly specified. We conduct simulation studies to assess its finite-sample performance and demonstrate its inherited consistency property from its component models. We also examine the performance of this estimator under varying degrees of covariate overlap and under a model misspecification of nonlinearity. We apply the proposed method to assess biomarker-treatment interaction in subpopulations of the POPLAR and OAK randomized controlled trials of second-line therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
The use of acupuncture in patients with Raynaud’s syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhou Fangwen , Huang Emma , Zheng Elena , Deng Jiawen
Published: May 2022

Objective:

To assess the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of Raynaud’s syndrome by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:

Studies were identified from English and Chinese databases from their inception to September 2020. The outcomes of interest were remission incidence, number of daily attacks, incidence of positive cold stimulation tests and incidence of cold provocation tests. We conducted meta-analysis and network meta-analysis using meta and gemtc.

Results:

Six trials (n = 272 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Pairwise meta-analyses show that acupuncture was associated with increased remission incidence (risk ratio (RR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10 to 1.34), decreased daily number of attacks (weighted mean difference (WMD) = −0.57, 95% CI = −1.14 to −0.01), and increased incidence of positive cold stimulation tests (RR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.27 to 2.11). There was not enough evidence to associate acupuncture with decreased incidence of positive cold provocation tests. The network meta-analyses did not demonstrate significant results for the effectiveness of any acupuncture treatments (electroacupuncture or manual acupuncture ± moxibustion), compared with controls, in terms of remission incidence or daily number of attacks, possibly due to small sample sizes and a lack of statistical power.

Conclusion:

The use of acupuncture may be effective for the treatment of Raynaud’s syndrome in terms of increasing remission incidence, decreasing daily number of attacks and increasing incidences of positive cold stimulation tests. However, our findings should be interpreted with caution due to small sample sizes, very low quality of evidence and high risk of bias. Future large-scale RCTs are warranted.
A method of improving the dispersion of graphene nanoplatelets in cellulose acetate based composite
Authors: Hu Qipeng , Gu Han , Wang Chao , Ding Yajun , Ying Sanjiu
Published: May 2022

The application of cellulose acetate (CA) in various industrial areas is strongly influenced by thermal stability. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as a highly thermal conductive filler is a promising choice to modify the stability of CA, while the practical effect falls short of the expectations associated with the promise of individually dispersed graphene owing to poor dispersion. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is favorable to nanoparticles dispersion. Thus, the method, introducing SC-CO2 into the CA/GNPs system during extrusion process, was proposed to modify GNPs dispersion in CA matrix. As three main process parameters, it was researched that the effects of injection flowrate, temperature and screw rotation-rate on GNPs dispersion in CA matrix. The dispersion quality of GNPs was enhanced with the rising of injection flowrate, and the average visible GNPs count of sample G1.25C0.5T37R9 decreased 74.79%, compared with sample G1.25C0.1T37R9. The dispersion quality of GNPs was enhanced with the rising of temperature, and the average visible GNPs count of sample G1.25C0.3T41R9 decreased 63.63%, compared with sample G1.25C0.3T33R9. The dispersion quality of GNPs decreased with the rising of screw rotation-rate, and the average visible GNPs count of sample G1.25C0.3T37R5 decreased 77.71%, compared with sample G1.25C0.3T37R13. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that a better GNPs dispersion is beneficial to CA stability even at an extremely low level. The maximum-weight-loss rate of the first weight-loss-stage of samples G1.25C0.5T37R9, G1.25C0.3T41R9 and G1.25C0.3T37R5 appeared at 212, 224 and 225°C, while that of samples G1.25C0.1T37R9, G1.25C0.3T33R9 and G1.25C0.3T37R13 appeared at 207, 219 and 219°C, with an increment of 5, 5 and 6°C, when the content of introduced GNPs is merely 1.25‰.
Reliability and Construct Validity Assessment of Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale and Satisfaction With Life Scale in the Indian Hospitality Industry
Authors: Traymbak Shruti , Sharma Ashok , Dutta Mili
Published: May 2022

Background:

Organizations today require employees who are well at managing emotional intelligence and using their emotions in a constructive process. The present study considered the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) for the study. WLEIS has four factors: self-emotional appraisal (SEA), other’s emotional appraisal (OEA), regulation of emotion (ROE), and use of emotions (UOE). These scales help to manage emotions that result in satisfaction with life.

Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to validate WLEIS and SWLS because this scale has been validated across many countries but very few studies have been conducted in the Indian context. Apart from that, the current study also incorporated SWLS to validate constructs and measurement models.

Methods:

A sample of 238 participants working in the hospitality industry have been considered for the study. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to validate all the constructs and measurement models.

Results:

The three factors of WLEIS and SWLS showed Cronbach’s α more than 0.8 that showed excellent internal consistency except for SEA. The results of exploratory factor analysis found that eigenvalue ranged from 2.8 to 5.9, and the total variance explained by constructs was 65.9%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed average variance explained of each construct to be 0.5, and composite reliability to be more than 0.7, which shows excellent construct validity of scales in the Indian hospitality sector. The study also validates measurement research model of WLEIS and SWLS on the basis of model fit index (chi-square/df = 4.83, RMSEA = 0.10, GFI = 0.94, and CFI = 0.90).

Conclusion:

The strong validity and reliability of the WLEIS and SWLS have proved that neuroscience can apply these scales to measure emotional intelligence in order to understand others’ emotions and apply emotions in a constructive process that may lead to satisfaction with life.
National Education Policy 2020: A Prudent Vision of India’s Soft Power in the Emerging World Order
Authors: Khushnam P.N.
Published: May 2022

India has been a point of attraction for world throughout the history as ‘Golden Bird’ as land of spiritualism, architectural marvels and cultural heritage. Buddhist ‘Middle Path’ to Kautaliya’s pragmatic political thought and Gandhi’s strategy of Satyagraha and non-violence attract appreciation around the world. The two decades of 21st century has immensely boosted India’s soft power. Yoga and Ayurveda have assumed prominent place in the life and practice of people worldwide with celebration of ‘International Yoga Day’.

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has placed special emphasis on the rich heritage of culture, knowledge and thought as its guiding light are very attractive option and way of life. With pandemic underway, our yoga practice assumed added importance and popularity to deal with multiple socio-psychological and physical issues.

The vision of the NEP once translated in practice can prove to be an unbeatable soft power to facilitate India to achieve its global leadership position in the emerging world order.
Prevalence and Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes (1997–2019) and Their Association With Cervical Cancer and Precursor Lesions in Women From Southern Mexico
Authors: Alarcón-Romero Luz del Carmen , Organista-Nava Jorge , Gómez-Gómez Yazmín , Ortiz-Ortiz Julio , Hernández-Sotelo Daniel , del Moral-Hernández Oscar , Mendoza-Catalán Miguel Angel , Antaño-Arias Ramón , Leyva-Vázquez Marco Antonio , Sales-Linares Natividad , Antonio-Véjar Verónica , Illades-Aguiar Berenice
Published: May 2022

Background

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of precancerous lesions and CC cases worldwide

Objective

We assessed the prevalence and distribution of HPV types and their association with precancerous lesions and CC.

Methods

HPV genotypes were detected by 3 methods depending on the year of in which the sample was analyzed: MY09/11 RFLPs (1997 to 2010), GP5+/6+ primer systems (2005 to 2010) and INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra (2010 to 2019) in cervical samples (No-IL: 4445; LSIL: 2464; HSILs: 151 and CC: 253) from women from southern Mexico.

Results

The overall HPV prevalence was 54.17%, and hpv-16 was the most common genotype. In single infection, the high-risk HPV genotypes (group 1) were associated with squamous intraepitelial lesions (LSIL: HPV–39 (OR = 10.58, 95% CI 4.09–27.36, P < .001); HSIL: HPV-31 (OR = 14.76, 95% CI 6.56–33.20, P < .001); and CC: HPV-16 (OR = 25.01, 95% CI 18.83–33.21, P < .001). In multiple infections, the HPV genotypes (HPV-16 and HPV-18) were also associated with a high risk of lesions [LSIL: HPV-18 (OR = 3.45; 95% CI 1.36–8.91; P = .009); HSIL: HPV-18 (OR = 5.12; 95% CI 1.21–21.68; P = .026); and CC: HPV-16 (OR = 3.03; 95% CI 1.72–5.32; P < .001)] compared to single infection. In the analysis adjusted for age, giving birth, and cigarette smoking, a significant increase in the risk of LSIL, HSIL, and CC was maintained.

Conclusions

This study provides current data on the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes in women from southern Mexico, which could serve as a valuable reference to guide nationwide CC screening programs and provide scientific evidence that could be useful for vaccine development efforts. Likewise, it was identified that infection with carcinogenic HPV genotypes is an independent risk factor for LSIL, HSIL, and CC.
“I Just Wanna Be a Woman”: Some Not So Simple Ways: Families, Femininity and/as Affective Entanglement
Authors: Walkerdine Valerie
Published: May 2022

Catherine is age 21 years. She is part of a research project that has followed her life from age 4 until 21 years. She is driving along in her car and we hear a song, with the lines “I just wanna be a woman” sung plaintively over and over again. This article considers what the song might mean in the context of what we learn from a very close reading of observation and interview data with her, her parents, and teachers at various stages of her life. The article describes the process of conducting a slow reading and argues that it presents to us an approach to what I call “affective entanglement” as an antidote to classificatory prescriptions of causality. We begin to understand how the complexity of the entanglement of family lives, lived at particular historical periods and in specific geographical locations, gives us a detailed insight into not only the entanglements that shape Catherine’s life, but also allow us to understand something about the affective transmission of class, gender, and sexuality in all its complexity.
Management of immune-related hepatitis in patients being treated with checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic melanoma, a review and case series
Authors: Tew Alice , Khoja Leila , Pallan Lalit , Steven Neil
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Immune-related hepatitis is an adverse effect following treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab. International guidelines advise on the use of corticosteroids as first-line treatment, although guidance on how to treat cases resistant to corticosteroids is limited. We aimed to evaluate the presentation and management of patients with grade 3-4 immune-related hepatitis, following treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors for stage 4 or unresectable or stage 3 melanoma, with a particular focus on steroid-refractory cases.

Methods

A retrospective observational review of patients developing immune-related hepatitis whilst undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced melanoma from July 2014 to February 2020 at a tertiary oncology centre.

Results

Forty-one patients developed immune-related hepatitis, of which 83% had been treated with the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab. The median time to onset of IR-hepatitis was 47 days (range: 4–476), and the median time to peak alanine aminotransferase was 71 days (range: 4–478). Four patients had resolution of grade 3 immune-related hepatitis without the introduction of corticosteroids. A total of 37 patients were treated with corticosteroids. A total of 12 required oral treatment only and 13 were successfully managed as outpatients. Six patients had steroid-refractory immune-related hepatitis; and all received tacrolimus, with one also receiving mycophenolate mofetil and infliximab.

Conclusions

This study describes the largest UK series of immune-related hepatitis patients in the literature. We present two important deviations from current guidelines. Firstly, there is some evidence that withholding steroids is possible in grade 3-4 immune-related hepatitis. Secondly, tacrolimus can be used successfully to manage patients resistant to corticosteroids, with the early introduction most beneficial to reduce time on steroids.
Abdominal Organ Transplantation: Noteworthy Literature in 2021
Authors: St Jules Robert , Blech Daniel , Smith Natalie K , Sakai Tetsuro
Published: May 2022

This review highlights noteworthy literature pertinent to anesthesiologists and critical care physicians caring for patients undergoing abdominal organ transplantation. In 2021, we identified noteworthy papers from over 1,200 peer-reviewed publications on pancreatic transplantation, over 1,400 on intestinal transplantation, and over 9,000 on kidney transplantation. The liver transplantation section focuses on clinical trials and systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in 2021 and features 20 selected papers. COVID-19 and abdominal organ transplantation are featured in an independent section.
Occupational and Leisure Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk and Body Composition Among Courier Workers
Authors: Galmes-Panades Aina Maria , Abbate Manuela , Bennasar-Veny Miquel , López-González Angel Arturo , Vicente-Herrero María Teófila , Busquets-Cortés Carla , Leiva Alfonso , Yañez Aina María
Published: May 2022

Objective

There is some controversy about the beneficial effects of occupational physical activity (OPA) on cardiovascular risk (CVR). The main aim of this study was to explore the effect of the combination of different frequencies of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and two types of OPA on CVR and body composition, and whether the association between physical activity (PA) and CVR was mediated by visceral adipose tissue (VAT).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included data from 2516 couriers living in Spain, delivering either by motorbike or foot, and practicing LTPA never, occasionally, or regularly. Couriers were classified into six categories according to LTPA and OPA; body composition was assessed by Bioelectrical Impedance, and CVR by the Framingham equation. General linear models were performed to explore the association between different categories with each outcome (CVR and body composition) and the possible role of VAT as a mediator between PA and CVR.

Results

Compared with the most sedentary group (motorbike couriers that never practice PA), walking couriers who practice regular PA presented the lowest CVR [β −1.58 (95% CI −2.31; −0.85)] and the lowest VAT [β −2.86 (95% CI −3.74; −1.98) followed by the motorbike couriers who practiced regular PA [β −0.51 (95% CI −1.00; −0.03) for CVR and β −2.33 (95% CI −2.91; −1.75) for VAT]. The association between PA and CVR was partially mediated by VAT.

Conclusion

The present results indicated that both OPA and LTPA are protective factors for CVR and play an important role on VAT accumulation.
Measurement of Natural Radioactivity and Assessment of Radiological Hazard Indices of Soil Over the Lithologic Units in Ile-Ife Area, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Esan Deborah T , Ajiboye Yinka , Obed Rachel I , Ojo Joshua , Adeola Mary , Sridhar Mynepalli K
Published: May 2022

The distribution of natural radioactivity levels of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in soils overlying the 3 lithologic units within Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria was investigated to characterize the gamma radiation dose distribution over the lithologies and to assess the radiation hazard due to the natural radionuclides. A thallium-doped cesium iodide detector was employed to determine the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in 21 soil samples. The respective average concentrations of the 3 radionuclides are 37.7, 3.2, and 245.6 Bq kg−1 for granite gneiss, 31.9, 2.8, and 241.1 Bq kg−1 for banded gneiss, and 21.1, 1.7, and 196.7 Bq kg−1 for mica schist. The average concentration of 238U in granite gneiss lithology exceeds the world average value. The evaluated values of radiation hazard parameters including average absorbed dose rate, outdoor annual effective dose and external hazard index are below the recommended limits. The spatial distribution of the radiation hazard parameters evaluated over the lithologies has been delineated. The highest average cancer risk of 1.15 per 10 000 population was obtained for the study area within the soil overlying the banded gneiss lithology. Generally, the radiation hazard from the soils in study area poses no significant health hazard.
Fatigue in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Clinical Phenomenology, Comorbidities and Association With Initial Course of COVID-19
Authors: Diem Lara , Fregolente-Gomes Livia , Warncke Jan D. , Hammer Helly , Friedli Christoph , Kamber Nicole , Jung Simon , Bigi Sandra , Funke-Chambour Manuela , Chan Andrew , Bassetti Claudio L. , Salmen Anke , Hoepner Robert
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Post-COVID-19 syndrome affects approximately 10-25% of people suffering from COVID-19 infection, irrespective of initial COVID-19 severity. Fatigue is one of the major symptoms, occurring in 30-90% of people with post-COVID-19 syndrome. This study aims at describing factors associated with fatigue in people with Post-COVID-19 seen in our newly established Post-Covid clinic.

Methods

This retrospective single center study included 42 consecutive patients suffering from Post-COVID-19 syndrome treated at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, between 11/2020 and05/2021. Clinical phenomenology of Post-COVID-19 syndrome with a special focus on fatigue and risk factor identification was performed using Mann-Whitney U Test, Pearson Correlation, and Chi-Quadrat-Test.

Results

Fatigue (90.5%) was the most prevalent Post-COVID-19 symptom followed by depressive mood (52.4%) and sleep disturbance (47.6%). Fatigue was in mean severe (Fatigue severity scale (FSS) mean 5.5 points (95% Confidence interval (95CI) 5.1 - 5.9, range .9 - 6.9, n = 40), and it was unrelated to age, COVID-19 severity or sex. The only related factors with fatigue severity were daytime sleepiness and depressed mood.

Conclusion

Fatigue is the main symptom of the Post-COVID-19 syndrome in our cohort. Further studies describing this syndrome are needed to prepare the healthcare systems for the challenge of treating patients with Post-COVID-19 syndrome.
Physical education teachers’ perceptions and operationalisations of personal and social development goals in primary education
Authors: Opstoel Katrijn , Prins Frans , Jacobs Frank , Haerens Leen , van Tartwijk Jan , De Martelaer Kristine
Published: May 2022

Personal and social development constitutes an important goal of physical education (PE) curricula worldwide. Few studies have analysed how PE teachers perceive and operationalise personal and social development goals in their lessons. This study sought to investigate the implemented curriculum of in-service PE teachers, that is, how PE teachers perceive and operationalise personal and social development goals. In sum, 12 experienced primary school PE teachers participated in semi-structured interviews. Deductive-inductive content analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings are discussed under three themes. The first theme, goal versus means, relates to personal and social development as a goal in itself or as a means to achieve other goals. This duality is discussed in relation with how teachers organise their lessons, the tasks and activities they provide, and how they divide children into groups. The second theme, the teacher's role versus children's role, relates to the struggle PE teachers face with delegating responsibilities to children. Under the third theme, (lack of) curriculum line, we discuss the structure or curriculum line that is missing in the pursuit of personal and social development goals. Future research and practice should devote time and effort to training PE teachers to realise personal and social development goals in a more structured and systematic way.
Chinese translational fandoms: Transgressing the distributive agency of assemblages in audiovisual media
Authors: Wang Dingkun
Published: May 2022

This article seeks to critically reassess common interpretations of translational fandoms light of recent developments in the Chinese context. It further negotiates the rationale and theoretical implications of fan-based engagement for altering media globalisation and fandom studies, with reference to the transgressive engagement of fan translators with the transnational distribution of audiovisual media. Building on this, the ensuing exploration situates the non-representational work of fansubbing in a distributive agency of media assemblages and aligns it with the theory of digital intermediation. This article further argues that fansubbing is no longer the sole mechanism for translating global entertainment media on the Chinese internet, as shown by the fan work of translational remix. In this emerging translatorial engagement, media fans transgress linguacultural boundaries to recalibrate the distributed media into local contexts of prosumption. The findings may yield significant revaluation of preconceived ideas and, accordingly, more comprehensive understanding of translational fandoms.
Routine repeat imaging of blunt splenic injuries identifies complications prior to clinical change
Authors: Perea Lindsey L , Fletcher Kelsey L , Morgan Madison E , Otaibi Banan W , Hazelton Joshua P
Published: May 2022

Background

There are no definitive recommendations guiding repeat imaging, or its timing, in patients with blunt splenic injury managed non-operatively. This study examines delayed complications and interventions in patients with blunt splenic injuries who undergo repeat imaging. Imaging was prompted either by a clinical change (CC) or non-clinical change (NCC) including institutional recommendations and individual physician practice patterns.

Methods

A 3-year, retrospective, dual-institution study was conducted of adult patients with blunt splenic injuries. Patients who underwent repeat imaging were grouped based on the reason for scan: CC or NCC. The incidence of delayed complications and interventions was examined.

Results

Of 235 patients, 105 (45%) underwent repeat imaging [CC n = 67 (64%), NCC n = 38 (36%)]. Median time to repeat imaging was shorter in the NCC group [CC = 96 (IQR 48–192) hours, NCC = 48 (IQR 36–68) hours, p = .0005]. Delayed complications were found in 28 (42%) CC patients versus 18 (47%) NCC patients ( p = .683). Interventions for complications were performed in 6 (21%) CC versus 10 (56%) NCC ( p = .027).

Discussion

Nearly half of patients reimaged because of NCC were found to have complications, with more than half undergoing intervention. Complications were identified and treated earlier in the NCC group than the CC group. This suggests patients with blunt splenic injuries should undergo routine repeat imaging to allow for prompt identification and treatment of delayed complications.
Carceral communication: Mass incarceration as communicative phenomenon
Authors: Lane Jeffrey , Ramirez Fanny A
Published: May 2022

This article introduces the concept of carceral communication to focus attention on the role of communication in mass incarceration’s racialized, criminal justice process. To argue that a communication perspective helps explain how individuals, neighborhoods, and prisons are linked together, the article uses publicly available indictments that charged three New York City youth gangs with violent crimes. It identifies three facets of carceral communication to demonstrate how and why mass incarceration is a communicative phenomenon. First, computer-mediated communication (CMC) has become the most sought-after type of criminal evidence because of its visibility and permanence. Second, law enforcement uses the interpersonal communication and neighborhood networks of incarcerated Black men for crime control and surveillance purposes. Third, carceral communication operates as a communication feedback process, in which marginalized, young, Black men under surveillance know they are being watched and respond to that surveillance with resistance that is also subject to criminalization.
Men becoming fighters: Exploring processes of consumer socialization
Authors: Moisio Risto , Beruchashvili Mariam
Published: May 2022

The current paper examines how men are socialized to the ideal of fighter masculinity in the context of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), a combat sport mixing ground fighting and striking. Such work is timely because the fighter masculinity ideal underlies consumer cultural fascination with MMA, evident in advertising and branding of numerous fight promotions, lifestyle clothing and accessory brands, news and media channels, and fitness gyms. The theoretical focus on fighter masculinity addresses the paucity of research on how consumer identities are socialized. Utilizing long interviews with male amateur practitioners of MMA, the current research elucidates identity socialization as a multi-influence process that unfolds over an extended period in men’s lives. The findings uncover four novel consumer identity socialization processes: awakening, sanctioning, glamorizing, and incorporating, each associated with distinct socialization contexts and influences that enhance the resonance of fighter masculinity. This research also highlights the need to broaden consumer socialization frameworks in line with the post-cognitive notion of cultural enculturation.
Feature pyramid network with self-guided attention refinement module for crack segmentation
Authors: Ong Jeremy CH , Lau Stephen LH , Ismadi Mohd-ZP , Wang Xin
Published: May 2022

Automated pavement crack segmentation is challenging due to the random shape of cracks, complex background textures and the presence of miscellaneous objects. In this paper, we implemented a Self-Guided Attention Refinement module and incorporated it on top of a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) to model long-range contextual information. The module uses multi-scale features integrated from different layers in the FPN to refine the features at each layer of the FPN using a self-attention mechanism. The module enables the earlier layers and deeper layers of FPN to suppress noise and increase the crack details, respectively. The proposed network obtains an F1 score of 79.43% and 96.19% on the Crack500 and CFD datasets, respectively. Furthermore, the network also generalizes better than other state-of-the-art methods when tested on uncropped Crack500 and field images using the weights trained on CFD. In addition, ablation tests using the Crack500 dataset are conducted. The Self-Guided Attention Refinement module increases the average F1 score and recall by 0.6% and 0.8% while roughly maintaining the average precision. From the ablation test, the inclusion of the Self-Guided Attention Refinement module allows the network to segment finer and more continuous cracks. Then, the module is incorporated on PANet, DeepLab v3+ and U-Net to verify the improvements made to FPN. The results show that the module improves the F1 score, precision and recall compared to the absence of it. Moreover, the Self-Guided Attention Refinement Module is compared with the Self-Adaptive Sparse Transform Module (SASTM). The results show that the Self-Guided Attention Refinement Module provides a more consistent improvement.
A novel adaptive bandwidth selection method for Vold–Kalman filtering and its application in wind turbine planetary gearbox diagnostics
Authors: Feng Ke , Ji JC , Ni Qing
Published: May 2022

The planetary gearbox transmission system in wind turbines has complex structures and generally operates under non-stationary conditions. Thus its measured responses are of high complexity and nonlinearity, which brings a great challenge in the development of reliable condition monitoring techniques for the planetary gearbox transmission system. As a prevalent and effective tool for analyzing the non-stationary vibration signal with strong nonlinearity, the Vold–Kalman filtration technique has excellent capabilities of tracking the targeted harmonic components of vibrations, which can significantly benefit planetary gearbox fault diagnostics. However, the tracking accuracy is heavily enslaved to the selection of the rational bandwidth for the Vold–Kalman filter. An inappropriate bandwidth could impair the characteristics of the targeted harmonic responses, and as a consequence, the monitoring process becomes no longer reliable. To address this issue, a novel bandwidth selection methodology for the Vold–Kalman filter is developed in this paper. Through comprehensively depicting the targeted harmonic response using features in multiple domains, the rational bandwidth can be selected for Vold–Kalman filtering, and then, a reliable monitoring process can be ensured. Additionally, a tacho-less speed estimation procedure is utilized in this paper to acquire the instantaneous rotational speed from the vibration signal directly. With the rational bandwidth and the estimated rotational speed, the desired harmonic components of vibrations can be adaptively extracted and tracked through the Vold–Kalman filter with high accuracy, and at the same time, the irrelevant or unwanted components are excluded completely. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed adaptive Vold–Kalman filtration for wind turbine planetary gearbox diagnostics are demonstrated and validated experimentally.