bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Einfach Bauen – spart eine Wohnraumlüftungsanlage Kosten und Energie?
Authors: Jarmer Tilmann
Published: December 2022

In Bad Aibling wurden 2020 drei Wohngebäude als Forschungshäuser aus Mauerwerk, Holz und Beton errichtet. Dabei wurde die Komplexität durch einfache Konstruktion und reduzierte Gebäudetechnik verringert. Auf eine Lüftungsanlage wurde verzichtet. In den innenliegenden Bädern wurde eine präsenzgeführte Abluft eingebaut. In der Untersuchung wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob es besser gewesen wäre, eine Wohnraumlüftungsanlage in den Forschungshäusern zu installieren. Vier Varianten werden miteinander verglichen: Szenario A: Fensterlüftung und Badabluft präsenzgeführt (wie gebaut); Szenario B: Fensterlüftung und Badabluft präsenzgeführt mit Grundlüftung; Szenario C: Dezentrale Einzelraumlüfter mit Wärmerückgewinnung; Szenario D: Zentrale Wohnraumbelüftung mit Wärmerückgewinnung. Es wurden Umweltwirkung und die Kosten der jeweiligen Lüftungssysteme verursacht durch Technikeinsatz, Wartung und Betriebsenergie über den Lebenszyklus betrachtet. Szenario A (wie gebaut) schneidet in den untersuchten Dimensionen Kosten, nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie und Treibhauspotenzial jeweils am besten ab. Vor allem die Varianten C und D müssten eine hohe Einsparung beim Wärmebedarf realisieren, um die negativen Umweltwirkungen durch die Wohnraumlüftungsanlagen auszugleichen. Bei Vergleichsmessungen in der Praxis konnten keine entsprechenden Einsparungseffekte ermittelt werden. Eine maschinelle Wohnraumlüftung ist nicht geeignet, um die Umweltwirkung oder die Lebenszykluskosten des Projekts zu verbessern.
Bioactive dietary components—Anti‐obesity effects related to energy metabolism and inflammation
Authors: Bertoncini‐Silva Caroline , Zingg Jean‐Marc , Fassini Priscila Giacomo , Suen Vivian Marques Miguel
Published: December 2022

Obesity is the result of the long‐term energy imbalance between the excess calories consumed and the few calories expended. Reducing the intake of energy dense foods (fats, sugars), and strategies such as fasting and caloric restriction can promote body weight loss. Not only energy in terms of calories, but also the specific composition of the diet can affect the way the food is absorbed and how its energy is stored, used or dissipated. Recent research has shown that bioactive components of food, such as polyphenols and vitamins, can influence obesity and its pathologic complications such as insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Individual micronutrients can influence lipid turnover but for long‐term effects on weight stability, dietary patterns containing several micronutrients may be required. At the molecular level, these molecules modulate signaling and the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of energy intake, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis into white, beige and brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, lipotoxicity, adipo/cytokine synthesis, and inflammation. Higher concentrations of these molecules can be reached in the intestine, where they can modulate the composition and action of the microbiome. In this review, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds and vitamins modulate energy metabolism, inflammation and obesity are discussed.
Dendritic cell vaccines improve the glioma microenvironment: Influence, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Zhou Jing , Li Luohong , Jia Minqi , Liao Qianjin , Peng Guiping , Luo Gengqiu , Zhou Yanhong
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Gliomas, especially the glioblastomas, are one of the most aggressive intracranial tumors with poor prognosis. This might be explained by the heterogeneity of tumor cells and the inhibitory immunological microenvironment. Dendritic cells (DCs), as the most potent in vivo functional antigen‐presenting cells, link innate immunity with adaptive immunity. However, their function is suppressed in gliomas. Therefore, overcoming the dysfunction of DCs in the TME might be critical to treat gliomas.

Method

In this paper we proposed the specificity of the glioma microenvironment, analyzed the pathways leading to the dysfunction of DCs in tumor microenvironment of patients with glioma, summarized influence of DC‐based immunotherapy on the tumor microenvironment and proposed new development directions and possible challenges of DC vaccines.

Result

DC vaccines can improve the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma patients. It will bring good treatment prospects to patients. We also proposed new development directions and possible challenges of DC vaccines, thus providing an integrated understanding of efficacy on DC vaccines for glioma treatment.
Designer, Programmable DNA‐peptide hybrid materials with emergent properties to probe and modulate biological systems
Authors: Menon Dhruv , Singh Ramesh , Joshi Kashti B. , Gupta Sharad , Bhatia Dhiraj
Published: December 2022

The chemistry of DNA endows it with certain functional properties that facilitate the generation of self‐assembled nanostructures, offering precise control over their geometry and morphology, that can be exploited for advanced biological applications. Despite the structural promise of these materials, their applications are limited owing to lack of functional capability to interact favourably with biological systems, which has been achieved by functional proteins or peptides. Herein, we outline a strategy for functionalizing DNA structures with short‐peptides, leading to the formation of DNA‐peptide hybrid materials. This proposition offers the opportunity to leverage the unique advantages of each of these bio‐molecules, that have far reaching emergent properties in terms of better cellular interactions and uptake, better stability in biological media, an acceptable and programmable immune response and high bioactive molecule loading capacities. We discuss the synthetic strategies for the formation of these materials, namely, solid‐phase functionalization and solution‐coupling functionalization. We then proceed to highlight selected biological applications of these materials in the domains of cell instruction & molecular recognition, gene delivery, drug delivery and bone & tissue regeneration. We conclude with discussions shedding light on the challenges that these materials pose and offer our insights on future directions of peptide‐DNA research for targeted biomedical applications.
Asparagine and dough quality: Gluten strength factors in hard red spring wheat
Authors: Trevisan Susane , Khorshidi Ali Salimi , Sopiwnyk Elaine , Xie Yi , Zhou Zhaoxian , House James D. , Scanlon Martin G.
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives

Safety aspects regarding free asparagine concentration in wheat arise because of its acrylamide formation potential in baked wheat products. Free asparagine concentration in wheat is affected by environment, genotype, and nitrogen and sulfur fertilization, which also affect wheat protein content and composition. Changing protein content and composition affects gluten strength, altering product quality. This study investigated how gluten strength was affected by environment, genotype, and fertilization treatments grown under commercially relevant conditions.

Findings

Environment predominated in affecting dough extensibility and genotype primarily affected resistance to extension, with minimal effects from fertilization treatments. Differences in extensigraph parameters at two resting times segregated genotypes according to gluten strength.

Conclusions

Factors affecting free asparagine accumulation in wheat also affect gluten strength. Genotype and environment require primary attention since they play an important role in both wheat safety and quality.

Significance and Novelty

The lack of studies investigating the impact of factors affecting free asparagine concentration on the gluten strength of wheat has implications for the global wheat market. From a novel perspective on dough extensibility and resistance to extension, the effects of environment, genotype, and fertilization on the gluten strength of commercially important wheat varieties are considered in a food safety context.
Fertility‐sparing surgery for borderline ovarian Brenner tumor and subsequent childbirth: First case report and a literature review
Authors: Garofalo Giulia , Bucella Dario , Thomas Dominique , Buxant Frederic
Published: December 2022

Borderline ovarian Brenner tumors are rare malignancies mainly diagnosed after menopause. A first pregnancy after fertility‐sparing surgery by laparoscopic unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was reported in a previous article. We now report the first baby birth after unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy for a borderline ovarian Brenner tumor and a review of the literature.
Benign peritoneal cystic mesothelioma mimicking peritoneal tuberculosis
Authors: Soltani Chayma , Abdallah Khalaf Ben , Bouchallouf Yasser
Published: December 2022

In immunodeficient patients with repetitive peritoneal aggression, cystic mesothelioma should be considered as a differential diagnosis to peritoneal tuberculosis that must be ruled out in endemic countries.
Exome sequencing identifies a cryptic chromosome translocation in a family decades after clinical diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange: Case report
Authors: Sekhon Morgan , Brown Stephen
Published: December 2022

Clinical genetic evaluations are defined by the knowledge and technology available at the time they occur. In the modern era, microarray and exome sequencing are first line tests for clinical geneticists; however, beginning in the late 1970s and continuing until the turn of the past century, a standard genetic evaluation consisted, in many cases, of an examination by a dysmorphologist as well as a conventional karyotype. In general, once a genetic diagnosis is established, it does not get revisited as more advanced methods become available. Clearly, there will be instances in which new technology can modify or change a prior diagnosis. We present a family in which the recent birth of a baby resulted in the establishment of a cytogenetic diagnosis of a different family member whose initial evaluation and clinical diagnosis had occurred three decades earlier. The new genomic findings have profound implications for other family members, and in addition provided the family with a sense of closure.
Synthesis of Propargyl Boranes via Silver Catalyzed Insertion of Alkynyl Carbene into B‐H Bond
Authors: Huo Mengtian , Ning Yongquan , Zheng Xudong , Han Xinyue , Karmakar Swastik , Sun Jing , Bi Xihe
Published: December 2022

A silver‐catalyzed insertion reaction of alkynyl carbenes derived in situ by decomposition of alkynyl N‐nosylhydrazones, into a B−H bond is reported. This protocol emerges as a straightforward synthesis of various propargylic boron compounds with up to 95 % yield. The operationally simple method exhibits high functional group tolerance and produces a variety of propargyl boranes which are synthetically useful building blocks. Deuterium labelling experiment and DFT studies show that the reaction proceeds via insertion of alkynyl Ag‐carbene into the B−H bond and generation of silver carbene occurs in the rate‐determining step.
Magnetic Anisotropy and Relaxation of Pseudotetrahedral [N2O2] Bis‐Chelate Cobalt(II) Single‐Ion Magnets Controlled by Dihedral Twist Through Solvomorphism
Authors: Pohle Maximilian H. , Böhme Michael , Lohmiller Thomas , Ziegenbalg Sven , Blechschmidt Louis , Görls Helmar , Schnegg Alexander , Plass Winfried
Published: December 2022

The methanol solvomorph 1 ⋅ 2MeOH of the cobalt(II) complex [Co(LSal,2−Ph)2] (1) with the sterically demanding Schiff‐base ligand 2‐(([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐ylimino)methyl)phenol (HLSal,2−Ph) shows the thus far largest dihedral twist distortion between the two chelate planes compared to an ideal pseudotetrahedral arrangement. The cobalt(II) ion in 1 ⋅ 2MeOH exhibits an easy‐axis anisotropy leading to a spin‐reversal barrier of 55.3 cm−1, which corresponds to an increase of about 17 % induced by the larger dihedral twist compared to the solvent‐free complex 1. The magnetic relaxation for 1 ⋅ 2MeOH is significantly slower compared to 1. An in‐depth frequency‐domain Fourier‐transform (FD‐FT) THz‐EPR study not only allowed the direct measurement of the magnetic transition between the two lowest Kramers doublets for the cobalt(II) complexes, but also revealed the presence of spin‐phonon coupling. Interestingly, a similar dihedral twist correlation is also observed for a second pair of cobalt(II)‐based solvomorphs, which could be benchmarked by FD‐FT THz‐EPR.
One Carbon Ring Expansion of Bipyrrole to Bipyridine Enables Access to a π‐Extended, Non‐innocent, Corrole‐like Ligand
Authors: Samala Srinivas , Lee Ji Hye , Park Yeonju , Hong Seong‐Jin , Jo Hongil , Hwang Hyonseok , Jung Young Mee , OK Kang Min , Sessler Jonathan L. , Lee Chang‐Hee
Published: December 2022

A π‐extended, diaza‐triphenylene embedded, mono‐anionic corrole analogue and its NiII complex were synthesized from a diaza‐triphenylene precursor, which was obtained from a double one‐carbon insertion into a naphthobipyrrole diester. Following conversion to the corresponding activated diol and acid‐catalyzed condensation with pyrrole, subsequent reaction with pentafluorobenzaldehyde afforded mono‐anionic, π‐extended bipyricorrole‐like macrocycle. Attempted NiII insertion with Ni(OAc)2 ⋅ 4H2O resulted an ESR active, NiII bipyricorrole radical complex, which was converted to a stable cationic NiII complex upon treatment with [(Et3O)+(SbCl6)−]. Both complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, UV/Vis spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The NiII bipyricorrole radical complex is converted to a cationic NiII complex by single‐electron reduction using cobaltocene. Both the cationic NiII complex and the radical NiII complex exhibited ligand‐centered redox behavior, whereas the NiII remains in the +2 oxidation state.
Detection of the Dark States in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Process of Electron Donor‐Acceptor Dyads: Insights from Optical Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Xue , Zhao Xiaoyu , Ye Kaiyue , Zhao Jianzhang
Published: December 2022

The photophysical processes involved in the electron donor‐acceptor thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are complicated and controversial. The recent consensus is that at least three states are involved, i. e. the singlet charge transfer state (1CT), the triplet localized excited state (3LE) and the triplet CT state (3CT). It is clear the very often used steady state and time‐resolved luminescence spectroscopic methods are unable to present direct evidence for the dark states, i. e. the 3LE and 3CT states, as well as the interconversion of these states. Concerning this aspect, the femtosecond‐nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopic methods are in particular interests. Both the emissive state and the dark state can be detected in these spectra, and interconversion of the states involved in TADF process can be also revealed. This review article focuses on the recent development of using the transient absorption spectra to study the photophysics of the TADF emitters.
Hydrodynamics of inhomogeneous agglomerates for a fractal dimension of 2.5 at intermediate Reynolds numbers: Effect of agglomerate sizes and Reynolds numbers
Authors: Yan Jinglu , Wang Yongxin , Liu Huanpeng , Wang Shaowei
Published: December 2022

In this study, the effect of agglomerate sizes for a fractal dimension (Df) of 2.5 on the hydrodynamics at intermediate Reynolds numbers (Re) of 1–120 was assessed. The results show that a core behaves like a solid sphere that exists in the central region inside the agglomerate. In addition, increasing the agglomerate diameter represents adding an extra permeable layer outside the agglomerate. For a larger Re or a smaller agglomerate diameter, the fluid can enter and penetrate through the agglomerate more easily, and the hydrodynamic characteristics of agglomerates deviate more from those of solid spheres. The effect of diameters on the velocity and pressure profiles becomes less significant with the increase in the diameter. Based on the simulated results, the drag ratio has an approximately linear relationship with Re, and its intercept has an exponential relationship with the dimensionless agglomerate diameter. Compared with homogeneous porous spheres, the drag ratio of the agglomerate is different. The effect of diameters on the drag ratio decreases as the diameter increases. It should be noted that the effect of radially varying permeability on inhomogeneous agglomerates should not be ignored and that the effect weakens as Re increases.
Recent Progress on OrganicNear‐InfraredPhotodetectors: Mechanism, Devices, and Applications†
Authors: Wang Qingkai , Zhang Yajie , Wei Zhixiang
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Near infrared light organic photodetectors have attracted tremendous attention due to their tailorable response, ease of processing, compatibility with flexible substrate, room temperature operation and broad applications such as remote sensing, health monitoring, artificial vision, night vision, and so on. Recently, the great improvement obtained on the important figures of merit performances has made organic photodetectors catch up and even surpass those of inorganic photodetectors in some respects. In this review, after a brief illustration of the organic photodetectors' figures of merit performances, we summarize the research progress of panchromatic and narrowband near infrared light organic photodetectors from their working mechanism, strategies to achieve narrowband near infrared light organic photodetectors, to some practical applications. Finally, we discuss the development challenge of the near infrared light organic photodetectors.
Kinetic Salt Effect on Base‐Catalyzed Isomerization of d‐Glucose into d‐Fructose
Authors: Fischer Matthias , Drabo Peter , Burow Lutz , Delidovich Irina
Published: December 2022

Isomerization of d‐glucose (Glc) into d‐fructose (Fru) is of great importance for food sector as well as for valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Soluble and solid bases exhibit high catalytic activity for the isomerization. Here, we report a salt effect on the base‐catalyzed aqueous‐phase Glc‐Fru isomerization. Addition of soluble salts (Na2SO4, NaNO3, K2SO4, and NaCl) results in an increased apparent reaction rate (factors of 1.5 to 6). The salt effect was observed both in the presence of soluble base NaOH at constant pH value and solid bases MgO, Li3PO4, and Mg−Al hydrotalcite. Apparent activation energy and UV absorption spectra were not significantly influenced by addition of salts. Potentiometric titration showed that the acidity constants of the saccharides increase in the presence of electrolytes. Since the rate of the isomerization depends on the thermodynamic acidity constant of Glc, the isomerization is accelerated by the presence of electrolytes.
Evaluation of Crossover Number, Distribution, and Interference Using Cytological Assays in Arabidopsis
Authors: Huang Jiyue , Li Xiang , Wang Cong , Wang Yingxiang
Published: December 2022

Meiosis involves the replication of nuclear chromosomes in a parent cell, followed by two successive nuclear divisions to produce haploid spores, which differentiate into the gametophyte generations that produce the egg and sperm in plants. Meiotic recombination or crossover (CO) is a hallmark of meiosis that allows shuffling of genetic information between homologous chromosomes (homologs), thereby giving rise to genetically diverse progeny cells and, ultimately, individuals in the progeny; this opens vast opportunities for genetic differentiation and hence speciation. Meiotic COs also ensure the formation of bivalents and fidelity of their equal segregation. Therefore, mechanisms that regulate meiotic recombination have been extensively studied in multiple species. Several approaches have been developed to observe or estimate the frequency of CO, in which CO can be visualized and analyzed cytologically by estimating the number of chiasma (plural chiasmata), a position where non‐sister chromatids exchange genetic material between homologs. Furthermore, one CO event might influence the occurrence of another one nearby, along a chromosome; this is known as CO interference. Over the past decades, visualizing CO events and measuring CO interference have contributed greatly to our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of meiotic recombination. Here, we describe protocols to estimate the number of chiasmata and CO interference in Arabidopsis using cytological methods involving chromosome spreads and immunostaining. Specifically, we describe how chromosome spreads can be used to estimate the number of chiasmata based on the conformations of metaphase I bivalents and provide a revised acid‐based quick immunostaining assay that permits high‐throughput and quantitative digital estimation of the relative distance between adjacent interference‐sensitive CO foci at diakinesis. These methods can be easily established or modified, if necessary, for studying meiotic recombination in other plants and crops. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Estimation of the number of chiasmata per nucleus based on metaphase I bivalent conformations

Basic Protocol 2: A chromosome spread–based immunostaining method for relative distance analysis of adjacent interference‐sensitive CO foci at diakinesis in Arabidopsis meiocytes
Fabrication of High‐Quality CsPbI3 Perovskite Films with Phosphorus Pentachloride Additive for Highly Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Wanpeng , Yu Haixuan , Dai Letian , Zhang Zhiguo , Gu Anjie , Ban Huaxia , Sun Qiang , Chen Shuangyin , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: December 2022

Fully inorganic perovskite cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) has garnered much attention from researcher for photovoltaic application because of its excellent thermal stability compared with the inorganic‐organic hybrid counterparts, along with the potential to serve as the top cell in tandem devices with silicon solar cell. However, the active α‐phase cubic CsPbI3 spontaneously tends to transform into the non‐perovskite δ‐CsPbI3 when subjected to ambient condition. This work proposes an effective method to fabricate high‐quality and stable α‐phase cubic CsPbI3 films by introducing phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) as an additive. PCl5 acts as colloidal binder for modulating crystallization dynamics of perovskites, resulting in high‐quality film and a significantly suppressed phase transition. Finally, highly stable CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells can be achieved with a power conversion efficiency up to 17.85 %, and a long‐term stability in N2 filled glove box.
OMIP‐087: Thirty‐two parameter mass cytometry panel to assess human CD4 and CD8 T cell activation, memory subsets, and helper subsets
Authors: Sponaugle Alexis , Abad‐Fernandez Maria , Goonetilleke Nilu
Published: December 2022

We developed a highly reproducible 32‐marker mass cytometry panel able to measure all canonical immune lineages and perform detailed characterization of both CD4 and CD8 T cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In this panel, we identify six different T cell memory subsets, as well as markers of activation, cell cycling, and survival. In addition, this panel classifies all major CD4 T cell helper subsets. This panel enables detailed monitoring of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the context of infectious disease, cancer or autoimmunity with limited patient sample use. Detailed methods for standardization and optimization of the panel can be found in Supporting Information.
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of fatty acid–binding protein 3 are associated with likelihood of amyloidopathy in cognitively healthy individuals
Authors: Dhiman Kunal , Villemagne Victor L. , Fowler Christopher , Bourgeat Pierrick , Li Qiao‐Xin , Collins Steven , Rowe Christopher C. , Masters Colin L. , Ames David , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Martins Ralph N. , Gupta Veer
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Fatty acid–binding protein 3 (FABP3) is a biomarker of neuronal membrane disruption, associated with lipid dyshomeostasis—a notable Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiological change. We assessed the association of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) FABP3 levels with brain amyloidosis and the likelihood/risk of developing amyloidopathy in cognitively healthy individuals.

Methods

FABP3 levels were measured in CSF samples of cognitively healthy participants, > 60 years of age (n = 142), from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL).

Results

FABP3 levels were positively associated with baseline brain amyloid beta (Aβ) load as measured by standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR, standardized β = 0.22, P = .009) and predicted the change in brain Aβ load (standardized β = 0.32, P = .004). Higher levels of CSF FABP3 (above median) were associated with a likelihood of amyloidopathy (odds ratio [OR] 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 4.65, P = .023).

Discussion

These results support inclusion of CSF FABP3 as a biomarker in risk‐prediction models of AD.
Associations between diffusion MRI microstructure and cerebrospinal fluid markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology and neurodegeneration along the Alzheimer's disease continuum
Authors: Moody Jason F. , Dean Douglas C. , Kecskemeti Steve R. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Suridjan Ivonne , Wild Norbert , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Johnson Sterling C. , Alexander Andrew L. , Bendlin Barbara B.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

White matter (WM) degeneration is a critical component of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) models, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and mean apparent propagator MRI (MAP‐MRI), have the potential to identify early neurodegenerative WM changes associated with AD.

Methods

We imaged 213 (198 cognitively unimpaired) aging adults with DWI and used tract‐based spatial statistics to compare 15 DWI metrics of WM microstructure to 9 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of AD pathology and neurodegeneration treated as continuous variables.

Results

We found widespread WM injury in AD, as indexed by robust associations between DWI metrics and CSF biomarkers. MAP‐MRI had more spatially diffuse relationships with Aβ42/40 and pTau, compared with NODDI and DTI.

Discussion

Our results suggest that WM degeneration may be more pervasive in AD than is commonly appreciated and that innovative DWI models such as MAP‐MRI may provide clinically viable biomarkers of AD‐related neurodegeneration in the earliest stages of AD progression.
Pituitary carcinoma: A cytopathologic dilemma when metastatic to cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Lahouti Arash H. , Asiry Saeed , Giampoli Ellen J.
Published: December 2022

Pituitary carcinomas are rare tumors defined by distant metastasis or cerebrospinal spread. The morphologic features are poorly characterized because only a handful of reports have been described by fine‐needle aspiration cytology. We present a case of pituitary carcinoma diagnosed in a 64‐year‐old male and highlight this rare entity's key cytomorphologic features and differential diagnosis.
Performance analysis of a natural gas‐fueled 1 kW solid oxide fuel cell‐combined heat and power system with off‐gas recirculation of anode and cathode
Authors: Wencong Li , Siyuan Li , Zhe Zhang , Shuzhan Bai , Guoxiang Li , Kongrong Ma , Yao Qu
Published: December 2022

Both anode off‐gas recirculation (AOGR) and cathode off‐gas recirculation (COGR) can increase the performance of solid oxide fuel cell‐combined heat and power (SOFC‐CHP) systems on their own, however, they both have unavoidable drawbacks. Thus, the combined effect of both on the system is worth investigating. The essential challenge is to figure out what the best AOGR and COGR ratios are under the combined situation. In this paper, the effects of varied AOGR ratios and COGR ratios on the system performance were investigated. A model of a 1 kW natural gas‐fueled SOFC‐CHP system was constructed which uses Cycle‐Tempo software. It is demonstrated that moderate AOGR can improve the net electrical efficiency, but too much AOGR will reduce the H2 concentration at the anode inlet and prevent the stack from working properly; moderate COGR can improve the thermal efficiency, but too much COGR can lead to large changes in current density variation and cause drastic changes in current, which affects the system and external electrical equipment. While, combining AOGR with COGR can improve both the net electrical and thermal efficiency, which results in higher total efficiency. As a result, the combined configuration of an AOGR ratio of 0.4 and a COGR ratio of 0.4 is recommended. In this scenario, the net electrical efficiency of the system is 47.38%, the thermal efficiency is 28.98%, the total efficiency is 76.37%, and the actual fuel utilization rate is 0.834.
Zinc‐assisted synthesis of Fe‐N‐C catalysts based on polyaniline with high oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activities in direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Zhang Xuelin , Hou Chenjun , Yuan Weijian , Deng Chengwei , Ji Feng , Tian Li , Lin Guochang , Deng Huichao , Zhang Yufeng
Published: December 2022

Fe‐N‐C catalysts show great potential to replace Pt/C in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Polyaniline (PANI) is an ideal precursor with an abundant and homogeneous distribution of nitrogen sources. However, Fe‐N‐C based on PANI suffers from an unsatisfied performance in acidic media. Herein, a facile zinc‐assisted synthesis of Fe‐N‐C based on PANI was reported in this paper. ZnCl2 templates can be removed completely in the pyrolysis procedure, creating abundant porous structures to accelerate the mass transfer and boost ORR performance. Fe‐N‐C‐2 with the adequate and optimizing amount of zinc shows an excellent ORR performance (E1/2 = 0.91 V in alkaline and E1/2 = 0.825 V in acidic media) compared with Pt/C (E1/2 = 0.89 V in alkaline and E1/2 = 0.84 V in acidic media). Furthermore, a high power density and a long‐term operation within 6 h of direct methanol fuel cell based on brilliant Fe‐N‐C‐2 verify a great promising application of potable power devices in the future.
Deciphering factors driving soil microbial life‐history strategies in restored grasslands
Authors: Yang Yang , Dou Yanxing , Wang Baorong , Xue Zhijing , Wang Yunqiang , An Shaoshan , Chang Scott X.
Published: December 2022

In macroecology, the concept of r‐ and K‐strategy has been widely applied, yet, there have been limited studies on microbial life‐history strategies in temperate grasslands using multiple sequencing approaches. Total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, high‐throughput meta‐genomic sequencing, and GeoChip technologies were used to examine the changes in microbial life‐history traits in a chronosequence of restored grasslands (1, 5, 10, 15, 25, and 30 years since restoration). Grassland restoration increased the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes but reduced the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi. PLFA analysis revealed that grassland restoration reduced the fungi:bacteria and Gram‐positive:Gram‐negative bacteria ratios. Combined with the meta‐genomic data, we found that grassland restoration shifted microorganisms from oligotrophic (K‐) to copiotrophic (r‐) groups, consistent with the increased rRNA operon copy number of the microbial community. Structural equation modeling showed that soil properties positively (p < 0.05) while plant properties negatively (p < 0.05) affected microbial life‐history traits. We built a framework to highlight the importance of plant and soil properties in driving microbial life‐history traits during grassland restoration. Finally, by incorporating meta‐genomic and other microbiological data, this study showed that microbial life‐history traits support the idea that rRNA operon copy number is a trait that reflects resource availability to soil microorganisms.
Withdrawn: MiR‐101‐3p inhibits MTX‐mediated HMGB1 release and reduces recruitment and M1‐like polarization of macrophages through the UBE2D1/KAT2B pathway
Authors: Lu Xixue , Chen Xiangbin , Zhai Yupu , Sun Xiangyu , Xu Jiakun , Wu Zhibing
Published: December 2022

The above article, published online on 5 December 2022, on Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/htj.22448), has been withdrawn by agreement between the journal Editor in Chief, Hari Bhat, and Wiley Periodicals, LLC.

The withdrawal has been agreed due to a technical error at the publisher that caused the article to be mistakenly published online although publication had been canceled because the authors did not approve their proof.
Evaluation of characteristic metabolites of aromatic amino acids in patients with HIV infection at different stages of disease
Authors: Yuan Zhong‐Wen , Gan Hai‐Ling , Jin Hong‐Liu , Feng Xiao‐Ying , Wang Ming , Zhou Hua‐Ping , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2022

Background

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and antiretroviral therapy are usually associated with metabolic disorders. Screening for biomarkers to evaluate the progression of metabolic disorders is important for the diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection. This study aimed to establish and validate a method to quantify serum aromatic amino acid (AAA) metabolites as biomarkers of metabolic disorders in patients with HIV.

Methods

The AAAs and metabolites were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Pearson's correlation, heatmap, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Under optimal detection conditions, the lower limits of phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (Kyn), tyrosine, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), and 5‐hydroxytryptamine quantification reached 0.02, 0.02, 0.01, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.002 μg/ml, respectively, and the precision of intra‐ and inter‐day was stay below 10.30%. Serum samples were stable for at least 6 months when stored at −80°C. The inter‐group differences and associations between the biomarkers exhibited a particular volatility trend in PAGln, Trp, and Kyn metabolism in HIV‐infected patients with metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions

The developed method can be used for rapid and sensitive quantification of the AAA metabolism profile in vivo to further appraise the process of HIV infection, evaluate intervening measures, conduct mechanistic investigations, and further study the utility of PAGln, a characteristic metabolite of AAA, as a biomarker of HIV infection coupled with metabolic syndrome.
The prevalence and correlates of running away among adolescents in the United States
Authors: Castillo Berenice , Schulenberg John , Grogan‐Kaylor Andrew , Toro Paul A.
Published: December 2022

Runaway youth may experience a myriad of challenges associated with significant risks to health and well‐being. To examine the prevalence and correlates of running away from home among US youth. Annual US nationally representative samples of 8th and 10th graders between 2005 and 2017 from the Monitoring the Future study. Self‐reports of nationally representative samples of 8th and 10th graders in the US Annual survey data from 8th and 10th graders spanning 2005–2017, n = 116,520. The primary outcome of this study, running away from home in the past 12 months, was examined using multivariable weighted logistic regression. Predictor measures included: parent and peer relationships, school factors (e.g., grade point average [GPA]), internalizing symptoms, externalizing behavior, and substance use (alcohol, marijuana, and cigarettes). Demographic measures in the model were grade level (8th or 10th), gender (boys or girls), parent education, and race/ethnicity. The annual prevalence of running away decreased significantly from 8.3% in 2005 to 6.1% in 2017. Demographically, running away from home was significantly lower among boys compared with girls. Multivariable logistic regression model results revealed that higher levels of parental involvement, GPA, and self‐esteem are all significantly related to lower odds of running away from home. Having peers who drop out of school, going on more date nights, self‐derogation, interpersonal aggression, sensation seeking, theft, and property damage, as well as past 12‐month alcohol use, past 12‐month marijuana use, and past 30‐day cigarette use were all associated with higher odds of running away from home. Annual prevalence of running away from home has been decreasing, but still affects a large number of teens. Running away is associated with numerous challenges across social, behavioral, and health domains that can further negatively impact the health and well‐being of this already vulnerable population.
Abnormal placenta implantation. Integration between first‐ and third‐trimester imaging in predicting the severity of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) disorders
Authors: D'Antonio Francesco , Calagna Gloria , Sara Tinari , Gaspare Cucinella , Chiantera Vito , Calì Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders are pathological conditions correlated to a high risk of adverse maternal surgical outcomes, especially if not diagnosed. In the last 10 years, the literature interest for prenatal diagnosis of PAS disorders has been noticeably greater. More recently, significant progression in prenatal imaging techniques permitted an increase of early identified cases and a more accurate diagnosis of these anomalies, especially in women with multiple risk factors. The aim of this chapter is to give an overhaul on prenatal diagnosis of PAS disorders throughout gestation and to report whether integration between first‐ and third‐trimester ultrasound can predict the development and severity of these anomalies.
Assessment of Beat‐To‐Beat Variability in Left Atrial Hemodynamics Using Real Time Phase Contrast MRI in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: DiCarlo Amanda L. , Haji‐Valizadeh Hassan , Passman Rod , Greenland Philip , McCarthy Patrick , Lee Daniel C. , Kim Daniel , Markl Michael
Published: December 2022

Background

Hemodynamic assessment of left atrial (LA) flow using phase contrast MRI provides insight into thromboembolic risk in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, conventional flow imaging techniques are averaged over many heartbeats.

Purpose

To evaluate beat‐to‐beat variability and LA hemodynamics in patients with AF using real time phase contrast (RTPC) MRI.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Thirty‐five patients with history of AF (68 ± 10 years, nine female), 10 healthy controls (57 ± 19 years, four female).

Field Strength/Sequence

5T, 2D RTPC with through‐plane velocity‐encoded gradient echo sequence and 4D flow MRI with three‐directional velocity‐encoded gradient echo sequence.

Assessment

RTPC was continuously acquired for a mid‐LA slice in all subjects. 4D flow data were interpolated at the RTPC location and normally projected for comparison with RTPC. RR intervals extracted from RTPC were used to calculate heart rate variability (HRV = interquartile range over median × 100%). Patients were classified into low (<9.7%) and high (>9.7%) HRV groups. LA peak/mean velocity and stasis (%velocities < 5.8 cm/sec) were calculated from segmented 2D images. Variability in RTPC flow metrics was quantified by coefficient of variation (CV) over all cycles.

Statistical Tests

Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), Bland–Altman analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

RTPC and 4D flow measurements were strongly/significantly correlated for all hemodynamic parameters (R2 = 0.75–0.83) in controls. Twenty‐four patients had low HRV (mean = 4 ± 2%) and 11 patients had high HRV (27 ± 9%). In patients, increased HRV was significantly correlated with CV of peak velocity (r = 0.67), mean velocity (r = 0.51), and stasis (r = 0.41). A stepwise decrease in peak/mean velocity and increase in stasis was observed when comparing controls vs. low HRV vs. high HRV groups. Mean velocity and stasis differences were significant for control vs. high HRV groups.

Conclusions

RTPC may be suitable for assessing the impact of HRV on hemodynamics and provide insight for AF management in highly arrhythmic patients.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Seasonal behaviour and influence of altitude on fog‐water collection in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula (2003–2012)
Authors: Corell David , Estrela María José , Valiente José Antonio
Published: December 2022

A study on fog‐water collection potential at the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula was carried out for the period 2003–2012. The area is denoted by a high population density, with fairly common water restrictions in certain periods during the year. Moreover, climate change projections point out a sharp drop in precipitation for this sector of the western Mediterranean Basin that would aggravate water problems. This work aims to look closely at knowledge of fog‐water collection and it presents results about: its behaviour during different seasons of the year; the fog‐water collection potential on dry days (precipitation <1 mm); the influence of site elevation on both collected volumes and the number of days with fog‐water collection. To do so, daily fog‐water collection data were analysed from 2003 to 2012 with a dense network of 23 fog‐water collectors, which run along the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The most relevant results were: (a) the seasonal periods with the largest recorded fog‐water volumes were autumn and spring; the highest percentages of days with fog‐water collection were obtained in summer and autumn; (b) on days when precipitation was null or negligible (<1 mm), maximum daily fog‐water captures were considerable and exceeded 25 L m−2 at more than half the studied sites; (c) the greater the positive difference in elevation between nearby stations, the larger the positive difference in both fog collected volumes and fog days at equal exposition to prevailing winds, differences that increase in the summer period. Mount Muela (Murcia Region), combining a pair of stations only distanced by 600 m but at a 92‐m elevation difference, reported a contrast of two times the collected volume at the upper station compared to the lower and an increment of 61% more days with fog occurrence. Mount Montseny (Catalonia), with a pair of stations distanced by 1,600 m horizontally and 398 m in elevation difference, obtained a sixfold variation between stations for fog‐water collection and a 73% increment in foggy days.
Warming intensifies severe drought over China from 1980 to 2019
Authors: Huang Yujia , Guo Mengjing , Bai Peng , Li Jing , Liu Lu , Tian Wei
Published: December 2022

Climate warming is steadily increasing drought risk in many regions of the world. However, the contribution of warming over the past few decades to drought evolution in China remains unclear. This study used the self‐calibrating Palmer drought severity index (sc‐PDSI) and a detrending experiment to quantify the contribution of warming to severe drought (sc‐PDSI < −3.0) characteristics (intensity, frequency, and duration) over China from 1980 to 2019. Differences in drought characteristics calculated from original and detrended temperature data were attributed to warming effects. The results showed that 93.8% of areas in China have experienced a significant (p < .05) warming trend from 1980 to 2019. Warming remarkably intensified severe drought characteristics across China. Without warming, the extent, frequency, and duration of severe droughts in China would reduce by 2.04%, 2.0%, and 0.82 months. In addition, there are apparent regional differences in the response of severe drought characteristics to warming. Severe drought characteristics in high elevations and high latitudes are more sensitive to warming than in other regions.
A multilayer daily high‐resolution gridded homogenized soil temperature over continental China
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Aihui , Wang Zhengqi
Published: December 2022

This paper describes the construction of a 0.25° × 0.25° daily soil temperature (TS) data set at six soil depths (i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 40 cm) based on a homogenized TS at more than 2,000 meteorological stations across mainland of China for 1960–2017. First, at each station, the observed TS is split into a daily climatology of 1981–2010 and a daily anomaly for 1960–2017. Then, they are respectively interpolated to 0.25° × 0.25° horizontal resolution by using the thin‐plain spline and the angular distance weight interpolation methods. Finally, a gridded multilayer TS data set is constructed from the sum of the above two gridded products. Latitude, longitude, and high‐resolution digital elevation models are explicitly incorporated into the interpolation processes. Selectivity tests indicate that the optimal interpolation distance for the TS anomaly field is 500 km, where the gridded data set may have maximum coverage of the entire Chinese mainland. The results show that the gridded TS climatology is slightly lower than the station observations. The differences between gridded and the station‐based TS varies ±3°C, with relatively large in SW and TIBET. For the gridded anomaly fields, the cross‐validation shows that the mean absolute errors between gridded and station‐based TS are generally less than 0.6°C in the YZ, SW, and SC, but they are above 1.0°C in the NW and TIBET due to the sparse station distribution and large topographic relief. From 1961 to 2016, the seasonal variability of the gridded TS is generally consistent with that of the surface air temperature. The gridded TS over the majority of land displays significantly positive trends in both summer and winter (p > 95%), indicating an overall warming land surface in China. The long‐term gridded TS data not only preserves the spatial features represented in the station observations, but also provides a spatio‐temporal continuous long‐term product of mainland China. Thus, it may be used in future studies, for example, evaluation of land surface model simulations, validation of satellite retrievals, land‐atmosphere interactions, and climate change.
Nascent to novel methods to evaluate malnutrition and frailty in the surgical patient
Authors: Prado Carla M. , Ford Katherine L. , Gonzalez M. Cristina , Murnane Lisa C. , Gillis Chelsia , Wischmeyer Paul E. , Morrison Chet A. , Lobo Dileep N.
Published: December 2022

Preoperative nutrition status is an important determinant of surgical outcomes, yet malnutrition assessment is not integrated into all surgical pathways. Given its importance and the high prevalence of malnutrition in patients undergoing surgical procedures, preoperative nutrition screening, assessment, and intervention are needed to improve postoperative outcomes. This narrative review discusses novel methods to assess malnutrition and frailty in the surgical patient. The Global Leadership Initiative for Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria are increasingly used in surgical settings although further spread and implementation are strongly encouraged to help standardize the diagnosis of malnutrition. The use of body composition (ie, reduced muscle mass) as a phenotypic criterion in GLIM may lead to a greater number of patients identified as having malnutrition, which may otherwise be undetected if screened by other diagnostic tools. Skeletal muscle loss is a defining criterion of malnutrition and frailty. Novel direct and indirect approaches to assess muscle mass in clinical settings may facilitate the identification of patients with or at risk for malnutrition. Selected imaging techniques have the additional advantage of identifying myosteatosis (an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality for surgical patients). Feasible pathways for screening and assessing frailty exist and may determine the cost/benefit of surgery, long‐term independence and productivity, and the value of undertaking targeted interventions. Finally, the evaluation of nutrition risk and status is essential to predict and mitigate surgical outcomes. Nascent to novel approaches are the future of objectively identifying patients at perioperative nutrition risk and guiding therapy toward optimal perioperative standards of care.