bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pleasure and Subjectivity in the Republic IX ‘Authority Argument’ (580d3-583a10)
Authors: Franklin Lee
Published: September 2024

I argue that the Republic IX ‘Authority Argument’ (580d3-583a10) embraces both subjectivity of hedonic experience and objectivity of hedonic character. This combination of views undermines the interpretations of both the argument’s main critics and its main defenders. A more adequate interpretation, drawing on the idea of inapt hedonic experiences which fail to reflect the pleasantness of their objects, points towards a reassessment of the Argument’s place in the sequence ending Bk. IX. On the view presented here, the ‘Authority Argument’ is not a stand-alone argument, but depends on the ‘Olympian Argument’ that follows it.
Aislamiento de las mujeres indígenas del proceso judicial. Aproximación del caso de Tartagal, Argentina
Authors: Fernández Quiroga Ana
Published: September 2024

A partir de un estudio de corte cualitativo, nos proponemos conocer las experiencias de las mujeres indígenas de Tartagal, en Argentina, respecto de los procesos penales de violencias contra las mujeres. Debido a la violencia institucional existente en la zona entre las comunidades indígenas y el Estado, así como a la falta de integración de la perspectiva indígena en las normas jurídicas, las mujeres indígenas se encuentran aisladas de los recursos existentes en el territorio.
Unraveling Indonesian Public R&D Institutions’ Perspectives on Chatgpt: An Analytical Approach To Decoding Open-Ended Surveys Through Topic Modeling
Authors: Budiansyah Andi , Alamsyah Purnama , Isnasari Yovita , Asmara Indri Juwita , Setiawan Sigit , Romadona Mia Rahma
Published: September 2024

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies like ChatGPT has made global management easier. Since 2020, AI has been widely utilized for all purposes, notably due to its ease in access for scientific production. This study aims to analyze open-ended questions and responses from web-based survey in Indonesian public research and development (R&D) institutions using topic modeling. A total of 205 data points were obtained through web-based surveys conducted among researchers in Indonesian public R&D institutions. To learn their thoughts on the use of ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer), two AI language topic modeling, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were employed to detect survey topic structures and show the results. Three theme groups represent the institution's research cohort. Based on generational disparities in birth year and functional position level, this study selected the seven most popular topics from three themes of researchers' opinions on ChatGPT. Researchers of certain age generations and functional position levels focused on new AI technologies, efficiency, and production gains, while others valued methodological innovation, ethics, and scientific integrity. When formulating a strategy for incorporating AI into the public R&D institution's future research agendas, it is imperative to include diverse perspectives.
Incluir e descolonizar narrativas: pelo percurso formativo e educacional de mulheres capoeiristas no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Silva Mayris de Paula , Lima Norma Silvia Trindade de
Published: September 2024

Este artigo é recorte de uma tese de doutorado em educação. Registrou-se as memórias de mulheres mestras de capoeira no Estado de São Paulo como modo de contribuir com a visibilidade de seus percursos formativos e educacionais. A partir das memórias, problematiza- se a produção de ausência das narrativas de mulheres na historicidade da capoeira, esta reconhecida como patrimônio cultural imaterial do Brasil e da Humanidade (Iphan, 2008; Unesco, 2014). Valendo- se da pesquisaformação narrativa (auto)biográfica e de perspectivas feministas, educacionais, inclusivas, decoloniais e descolonizadoras, afirma- se que tais narrativas aglutinam memórias compostas por diversas e relevantes experiências das mestras em seus processos formativos possibilitados pela capoeira. Como um dos desfechos de nosso trabalho, nomeamos como princípio formativo vivenciado pela pesquisadora a “Educação com as mãos no chão”. Conclui- se que o protagonismo feminino tem potencial para questionar, enfrentar e descolonizar o sistema colonial de gênero presente nesta manifestação cultural inserida na sociedade brasileira.
Transição Agroecológica e Justiça Socioambiental:
Authors: Wienke Felipe Franz , Cuvelier Pauline
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo busca investigar os instrumentos políticos com potencial de induzir a uma produção agrícola justa socioambientalmente, a partir dos mecanismos econômicos já existentes no contexto brasileiro. O texto analisa a participação das agências estatais no processo de transformação da agricultura no cenário comparado, com ênfase na experiência do Brasil. Propõe-se também uma problematização sobre a noção de transição agroecológica no direito interno, demonstrando-se que o país adotou uma estratégia flexível para esta transição. A investigação dos atuais instrumentos de apoio ao setor agrícola aponta para uma possibilidade de redirecionamento dos mecanismos econômicos, instigando os atores produtivos a incorporar transformações nos atuais modelos de produção. O redirecionamento do conjunto da política econômica agrícola, dialogando com princípios de justiça socioambiental, parece constituir uma decisão chave para uma transição agroecológica de larga escala no Brasil. O artigo propõe um estudo bibliográfico e documental, com a análise comparativa de políticas públicas.
Comunidades quilombolas no Brasil
Authors: Souza David Silva de , Brauner Maria Claudia Crespo
Published: September 2024

Este estudo teve como escopo investigar os processos de luta e resistência, das comunidades tradicionais quilombolas, no processo de reconhecimento de seus territórios. Tomando como base a compreensão sócio-histórica das comunidades tradicionais, se apresentou dois estudos de caso, de quilombos urbanos, do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, tendo uma já conquistado o direito a terra, e a outra em processo de retomada. Ademais, foram exibidos dados estatísticos, que evidenciam a realidade do quantitativo de quilombos que já conquistaram seu direito histórico, aos seus territórios, desde o primeiro registro documentado, até os mais atuais, divulgados pelo INCRA.
Justiça Socioambiental
Authors: Carregosa Rabbani Allívia Rouse , Rahnemay Rabbani Roberto Muhájir , Bentirou Mathlouthi Rahma
Published: September 2024

O dossiê "Justiça Socioambiental: Múltiplas Dimensões e Perspectivas" aborda a justiça socioambiental como um conceito jurídico-político que transcende a interseção entre justiça social e proteção ambiental. Ele busca garantir a distribuição equitativa dos benefícios e ônus da exploração de recursos naturais, além de proteger os direitos das populações vulneráveis. O dossiê inclui estudos interdisciplinares sobre temas como a monocultura do eucalipto, os impactos da crise climática em comunidades vulneráveis e a luta quilombola por reconhecimento. Esse trabalho visa promover políticas públicas mais justas e sustentáveis.
Hepatic Adenomatosis in a Transgender Man on Gender-Affirming Testosterone Therapy
Authors: Huang Yuting , Loo Nicole M. , Chang Alice Y. , Yu Zachary , McKenna Amanda L. , Ritchie Charles , Metcalfe Allie M. , Nakhleh Raouf E. , Krishna Murli , Taner C. Burcin , Yang Liu
Published: September 2024

The management of hepatic adenoma in transgender individuals undergoing gender-affirming hormone therapy remains unclear, especially whether treatment should be based on sex assigned at birth or therapy patient received. We presented a transgender man, female at birth, with hepatic adenomatosis with molecular profile differed from typical adenomas in cisgender males on testosterone. Discontinuing testosterone led to autoinfarction of the adenoma, allowing the avoidance of invasive treatments and resumption of gender-affirming hormone therapy. This case underscores the necessity for personalized care in the growing transgender population and challenges current consensus of treatment based on sex assigned at birth, emphasizing a tailored approach.
Spontaneous Heterotopic Autotransplantation of Splenic Tissue: A Mimic of Pancreatic Malignancy
Authors: Fellows Emily , Ramai Daryl , Patriquin Lara , Ko Christopher
Published: September 2024

Intra-abdominal splenosis is a rare finding which most commonly occurs following traumatic splenectomy. We present a case report of a patient who presented with abdominal pain in which peripancreatic and intrapancreatic lesions were found in the setting of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Owing to concerns for pancreatic malignancy, we explored these lesions using endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle biopsy (with rapid on-site evaluation). Ultimately, surgical pathologies revealed the presence of splenic tissues and the diagnosis of pancreatic splenosis.
IX Российский конгресс по остеопорозу, остеоартриту и другим метаболическим заболеваниям скелета с международным участием, 5-7 сентября 2024 года, Санкт-Петербург. Сборник тезисов
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: September 2024

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A framework for conceptualizing integrated prescriptive maintenance and production planning and control models
Authors: Wesendrup Kevin , Hellingrath Bernd , Nikolarakis Zoi
Published: September 2024

Goal: This study aims to support researchers and managers in conceptualising new integrated prescriptive maintenance (PxM) and production planning and control (PPC) models.
Design / Methodology / Approach: We perform a systematic literature review based on Thomé et al. (2016) and analyse literary findings using qualitative content analysis and quantitative correlation analyses.
Results: This work identifies 94 integrated PxM and PPC planning models and 47 outcomes, 16 decision variables and 34 environment entities. Based on the quantitative analyses of these components, we derive a normative framework to guide researchers and practitioners in conceptualising integrated models.
Limitations of the investigation: The study is limited to only one scientific database. Additionally, the quantitative analyses might be sensitive due to a low sample size for some components, and we only measure the linear dependency between two components. Lastly, we do not address solution algorithms.
Practical implications: The framework constitutes a tool for managers to construct integrated models tailored to their specific planning problems, fostering alignment between production and maintenance departments, plans and controls.
Originality / Value: We provide a descriptive overview and normative guidance in the selection of components that can or should be used for future PxM-aligned PPC planning studies, pinpointing possible research gaps.
Synthesis and structure of tris(2-methoxyphenyl)antimony bis[3,4-difluorobenzoate] [(2-MeO)C6H4]3Sb[OC(O)C6H3(F2-3,4)]2 and tris(2-methoxyphenyl)antimony bis[benzenesulfonate] [(2-MeO)C6H4]3Sb[OSO2C6H5]2
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Sharutin V. , Morodetskikh M.
Published: September 2024

Tris(2-methoxyphenyl)antimony bis[3,4-difluorobenzoate] (1) and tris(2-methoxyphenyl)antimony bis[benzenesulfonate] (2) were obtained by oxidative addition reaction from triarylantimony and 3,4-difluorobenzoic/benzenesulfonic acid in the presence of tertiary bu-tyl hydroperoxide in ether. The structure of 1 and 2 was established with the use of IR spectrosco-py and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Crystals 1 [C35H27O7F4Sb, M 757.32; triclinic syngony, symmetry group P–1; cell parameters: a = 9.219(4), b = 9.507(6), c = 20.240(11) Å; a = 99.43(3)°, β = 95.756(16)°, g = 107.90(3)°; V = 1643.6(16) Å3; Z = 2; rcalc = 1.530 g/cm3; 2q 6.68-54.98 de-grees; total reflections 31858; independent reflections 7153; number of specified parameters 427; Rint = 0.0429; GOOF 1.051; R1 = 0.0265, wR2 = 0.0551; residual electron density (max/min); 0.30/-0.44 e/Å3], 2 [C33H31O9S2Sb, M 757.46; monoclinic system, symmetry group C2/c; cell parame-ters: a = 21.157(9), b = 10.363(4), c = 18.285(7) Å; β = 126.590(13) deg., V = 3219(2) Å3, Z = 1; rcalk = 1.563 g/cm3; 2q 6.012-54.234 degrees; total reflections 32454; independent reflections 3541; number of specified parameters 231; Rint = 0.0283; GOOF 1.161; R1 = 0.0283, wR2 = 0.0659; residual electron density (max/min); 0.74/-0.83 e/Å3] consist of trigonal bipyramidal molecules with electronegative ligands in axial positions. The Sb–C bond lengths vary in the range 2.093(2)−2.125(3) Å, The OSbO bond angles take values 176.63(6)° and 174.52(10)°, respective-ly. The Sb–O distances in 1 (2.1106(17) and 2.1149(17) Å) are shorter than in 2 (2.128(2) and 2.128(2) Å). Intramolecular Sb∙∙∙O contacts in 1 (3.162(2) and 3.257(2) Å) are significantly smaller than in 2 (3.617(2) and 3.617(2) Å) and do not exceed the sum of their van der Waals radii (3.7 Å). Complete tables of atomic coordinates, bond lengths and bond angles for structures have been de-posited in the Cambridge Structural Data Bank (No. 2123247 (1), No. 2116583 (2), depos-it@ccdc.cam.ac.uk; http://www.ccdc cam.ac.uk).
A new method for synthesis of bismuth derivatives Ph4BiХ (X = Cl, NO3) and tetra-phenylbismuthonium mesitylenesulphonate
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Sharutin V. , Senchurin V. , Shtol E. , Kroshnina V.
Published: September 2024

By reacting equimolar amounts of triphenylbismuth dichloride and dinitrate with penta-phenylbismuth in benzene, tetraphenylbismuthonium chloride and nitrate were synthesized, which in reaction with mesitylenesulfonic acid form tetraphenylbismuthonium mesitylenesulfonate with a yield of up to 73 %.
The Response of the Nickel Chemical Bonds to the Tensile Deformation in the Nickel Pyridindi-carboxamide
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Yurchenko A. , Matveichuk Y. , Bartashevich E.
Published: September 2024

We have carried out a theoretic research of plasticity for the coordination and noncovalent bonds modelling uniaxial mechanical deformation of the crystal cell of bis(2-N,6-N-dibutylpyridin-2,6-dicarboxamide)-nickel (II) dichloride. For this purpose, we have modeled stretching deformation of the crystal structure along its crystallographic axes using the 3-corrected Hartree-Fock method with the following semi-empirical corrections for the weak interactions (the Grimme correction of dispersion interactions, D3, basis set superposition error removal by the atom-pair wise geomet-rical counterpoise correction, gCP, and correction of short-ranged basis set incompleteness effects, SRB) with the use of periodic boundary conditions. We have concluded that the geometry of bis(2-N,6-N-dibutylpyridin-2,6-dicarboxamide complex has high stability to the increased defor-mations. We have carried out the analysis of the bond lengths and dihedral angels within the metal complex, which has shown insignificant changes of bond lengths, in particular, the bond length change is equal to 4.3 % for N…Ni…N and 5.4 % for Ni…O. The conformation straightening ef-fects of one of the N-butylamine chain has been found under the high stretching deformation of the crystal cell (7–8 Å) due to analysis of dihedral angles and the distance between specific atoms of N-butylamine chain that proves the hypothesis about a forced and twisted conformation state of bis(2-N,6-N-dibutylpyridin-2,6-dicarboxamide. In addition, we have found the appearance of a cavity and a crack at the last deformation steps (8–10 Å), which is caused by shifts of neighbour-ing metal complexes in relation to each other; it influences the location of chloride ions. It is noteworthy that cavities and cracks are formed regardless of the axis choice along which the ten-sile deformation is modeled. This fact indicates that the crystal should not exhibit elasticity, but rather brittleness.
Real or faux leather? Luxury or ready-to-wear mass production? Characterization of three TPU shoe coatings (ca. 1970) from the Kunstmuseum Den Haag fashion collection
Authors: Rodríguez Salinas César , Ferrazza Livio
Published: September 2024

During the 1970s, the shoe industry’s transition from real to faux leather raises questions about transparency regarding the materials used and the real cost of the production. Were luxury brands conscious of the quality of the products that they offered consumers, compared to other ready-to-wear market brands? Or, on the other hand, were they simply following trends in the fashion industry made possible by the introduction of leather substitutes? By studying three different shoes from the Kunstmuseum Den Haag’s fashion collection, a comparison can be drawn between the products used by well-known luxury fashion brands such as Charles Jourdan or Gucci, and those used by lesser-known brands for mass production such as Valentina. The results obtained by analytical techniques (OM, SEM-EDX, ATR-FTIR) reveal similarities between the both luxury brands and the mass-production brand as well as similar degradation elements.
Právo vlastniť a pokojne užívať majetok aj v kontexte jedenásťročného sporu žalobcov
Authors: Drobná Katarína
Published: September 2024

The main aim of this article is to introduce the reader to the system of the ownership right protection in the context of the national legislation as well as the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, using an illustrative example of spouses (plaintiffs), who have been seeking, for more than eleven years in court proceedings initiated by an action brought, issuance by a competent first instance court of a decision ordering the defendants to (i) remove the constructions and appurtenances thereto, which they are using illegally, and (ii) remove the movable assets from the real estate (i.e. from the land plots) which is the plaintiffs’ joint property. The plaintiffs consider that the essence of the violation of their right to own and peacefully enjoy their property, in the circumstances of the present case, is that for more than 11 years since the action was brought to the court, the plaintiffs have had no definitive legal title by virtue of which they could de facto dispose of their property, despite being de jure owners of the concerned real estate. Due to illegal constructions (or so-called “black constructions”) built on the land plots that are the plaintiffs’ joint property, the plaintiffs are prevented from the peaceful use, enjoyment of the fruits and benefits, or disposal of the subject-matter of their ownership.
Ústavní soud připustil možnost snížení míry ochrany obyvatelstva před hlukem
Authors: Stejskal Vojtěch
Published: September 2024

Commentary
Report from the Scientific Life: ECCL Symposium CSDD, Sustainability and Corporate Law
Authors: Eichlerová Kateřina , Hurychová Klára
Published: September 2024

Report
Zpráva z mezinárodní vědecké konference Košické dni súkromného práva V.
Authors: Kotápišová Petra
Published: September 2024

Conference report
Glucose and Its Metabolites Have Distinct Effects on the Calcium-Induced Mitochondrial Permeability Transition
Authors: Škrha J. , Gáll J. , Buchal R. , Sedláčková E. , Pláteník Jan
Published: September 2024

Mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to up-regulated glucose oxidation is thought to play a crucial, unifying role in the pathogenesis of chronic complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is an interesting phenomenon involved in calcium signalling and cell death. We investigated the effects of glucose and several of its metabolites on calcium-induced MPT (measured as mitochondrial swelling) in isolated rat liver mitochondria. The presence of glucose, glucose 1-phosphate (both at 30 mM) or methylglyoxal (6 mM) significantly slowed calcium-induced mitochondrial swelling. Thirty mM glucose also resulted in a significant delay of MPT onset. In contrast, 30 mM fructose 6-phosphate accelerated swelling, whereas glucose 6-phosphate did not influence the MPT. The calcium binding potentials of the three hexose phosphates were tested and found similar. In vitro hydrogen peroxide production by mitochondria respiring on succinate in the presence of rotenone was independent of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased transiently during calcium-induced MPT. Inhibition of MPT with cyclosporine A resulted in decreased mitochondrial ROS production in response to calcium. In contrast, inhibition of MPT by methylglyoxal was accompanied by increased ROS production in response to calcium. In conclusion, we confirm that methylglyoxal is a potent inhibitor of MPT. In addition, high levels of glucose, glucose 1-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate can also affect MPT. Methylglyoxal simultaneously inhibits MPT and increases mitochondrial ROS production in response to calcium. Our findings provide a novel context for the role of MPT in glucose sensing and the cellular toxicity caused by methylglyoxal.
Die Wirtschaftspolitik des Dritten Reiches im besetzten Polen
Authors: Łuczak Czesław
Published: September 2024

Vor dem Ausbruch des Krieges hatte die Hitlerregierung noch keinen genauumrissenen, wirtschaftspolitischen Plan in bezug auf die zur Annexion vorgesehenen, polnischen Gebiete. Aus den allgemeingehaltenen Aussprüchen von Hitler und Göring, die die wesentlichsten Grundsätze der Wirtschaftspo- litik enthielten, ging hervor, daß das Reich im Kriegsfall keine Blockade zu befürchten habe, da ihm der Osten Lebensmittel, Rohstoffe und notwendige Arbeitskräfte liefern würde. Diese Grundsätze gingen also nicht über den Rahmen der Wirtschaftspolitik hinaus, die Preußen in den schon vor dem I. Weltkrieg eingegliederten, polnischen Gebieten realisierte. Diese Gebiete waren Lieferant von Lebensmitteln und billigen Arbeitskräften für die hochindu- strielle Gebiete Deutschlands. Diese noch vor dem 1. September 1939 allge- meingehaltenen Formulierungen der Ziele einer Wirtschaftspolitik im besetzten Polen, unterlagen in den ersten Kriegesmonaten einer weitgehenden Kristal- lisierung. Erst von diesem Zeitpunkt an kann man von einer faschistischen Wirtschaftspolitik in den besetzten Gebieten Polens sprechen, die sich hin- sichtlich der sogen, eingegliederten Ostgebiete in das Reich, durch eine große Stabilität charakterisierte sowie durch Veränderungen ihrer Konzeption gegen- über dem Generalgouvernement.
Die Besatzungsungssysteme der Achsenmächte. Versuch einer komparativen Analyse
Authors: Madajczyk Czesław
Published: September 2024

In diesem Referat beabsichtige ich einige Fragen, die das System der Organisation der okkupierten Gebiete und seiner Bevölkerung betreffen, zur Diskussion zu stellen. Zuerst möchte ich auf die Hauptunterschiede zwischen den Besatzungssystemen der Achsenmächte eingehen und auch auf ihre gegenseitige Beeinflussung. Danach folgt eine Kritik einiger Thesen, die das deutsche Besatzungssystem betreffen. Den Hauptteil des Referats bilden meine Forschungen über das deutsche Besatzungssystem, besonders über seine Hauptkomponente — das steuernde Subsyste.
Probleme der deutschen Außenwirtschaft und einer "europäischen Wirtschaftsplanung" 1943/44
Authors: Schumann Wolfgang
Published: September 2024

Über Probleme der Quantität und Effektivität der faschistischen deutschen Kriegswirtschaft ist bereits ausführlich geschrieben worden. Breiten Raum nimmt in diesen Forschungen die wirtschaftliche Ausplünderung der okku- pierten Gebiete und der mit Hitlerdeutschland verbündeten Staaten ein. Leider zu wenig beachtet wurden, auch in der Geschichtswissenschaft der DDR, die Probleme des institutionellen Mechanismus, durch den die Wirtschaftspolitik und Wirtschaftsstrategie dos deutsehen Imperialismus in Gang gesetzt oder überhaupt erst initiiert und konzipiert wurde. Die Frage lautet: Wer waren die Personen, Interessengruppierungen, Klassenkräfte und Institutionen staatlicher oder privatwirtschaftlicher Provenienz, die Politik entworfen und umgesetzt haben? Welche Absichten und Ziele haben sie verfolgt, wer hat am meisten davon profitiert, und zwar im weitesten Sinne, nicht nur im Hinblick auf die Erzielung eines Maximalprofits. Aus neueren Forschungen über die deutsche Kriegswirtschaft in den Jahren 1943 - 1945 soll hier versucht werden, erste Ergebnisse vorzulegen, die allerdings nicht den Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit erheben können, weil die Arbeiten noch nicht abgeschlossen sind.
The Exploitation of Yugoslav Industry by the Third Reich during World War II
Authors: Živković Nikola
Published: September 2024

The national resources of the country directed Yugoslavia towards the development of a strong industry, which would, undoubtedly, be an important factor in the development of the economy, rising her from her apathetic state and backwardness, as well as helping the rise of the standard of living of wide social layers. The development of a strong industry was dictated, too, by a justly conceived interest of the community in totality. It is a fact that developed agrarian countries, the underdeveloped by all means, are, as a rule forced — due to low productivity in agriculture — to give in the exchange of goods with industrial countries more concentrated work in produce for less work in industrial products. Yugoslavia, for instance, with low productivity in agriculture, had to export the result of work of 10 - 15 workers, in order to buy the result of work of one single worker of an industrialized country, coming from an industrially developed country. In spite of these facts which pointed in favour of the development of a strong industry, the manufacturing policy of pre-War Yugoslavia did not trend towards the direction of a sophisticated and solid base on which industry could develop normally and evenly. Instead, there occurred an anarchic development, according to the opinion of certain domestic and foreign capitalists, in relations to the profit forseen.
Strukturänderungen und die Schwächung der Produktionskapazität in Łódź während der hitler faschistischen Okkupation
Authors: Bojanowski Tadeusz
Published: September 2024

Die Textilindustrie in Łódź ging nach der Einnahme der Stadt durch die Hitlerarmee in kurzer Zeit in die Hände der Deutschen über. Die Aktion der Übernahme von Fabriken, deren Besitzer polnische oder jüdische Volkszuge- hörige waren, wurde anfangs von den Militärbesatzungsbehörden durchgeführt. Sie waren befugt, in diesen Fabriken kommissarische Verwalter zu berufen. Die Übernahme der Betriebe unter kommissarische Verwaltung war im wesent- lichen gleichbedeutend mit der Enteignung des bisherigen Eigentümers. Später übernahm die Befugnisse der Militärbehörden auf diesem Gebiet die Hai-ipt- treuhandstelle -- Ost (HTO). In Lodź befand sich eine Zweigsteile der Ex- positor der HTO von Poznan. Die kommissarischen Verwalter der Textilfabriken in Łódź waren meistens ansässige Deutsche sowie Umsiedler aus Estland und Lettland, die mit dem Ende des Jahres 1939 nach Łódź eintrafen. Dagegen stellten unter den Ver- waltern Deutsche aus dem Reichsgebiet eine relativ kleinere Anzahl dar.
Controversial Problems of the Second World War Economy (Summary of the discussion)
Authors: Jamróz Anna
Published: September 2024

On the first day of the conference the discussion centered on the problems presented in the papers by Madajczyk, W. Schumann and L. Nestler, that is, on the policy practised by Nazi Germany and Japan in the occupied territories. The main point of the discussion was a classification of occupational systems suggested, by Cz. Madajczyk. According to J. Freymond this interesting attempt at a comparative analysis of the economic policy adopted by Germany in the occupied territories has been made at a sufficiently advanced stage of research on the subject. Freymond admitted that as a student of politics he would undertake attempts at structuring of events and at classification but as a historian he Fully realized all difficulties of presenting the reality in structural categories. After these general comments Freymond considered the question of the occurrence of the turning points in the occupational policy of Nazi Germany and whether they were the same for all Axis countries and the occupied countries. The last point was the extent to which the suggested typology reflected the actual purposeful attempts to put into practice National Socialist ideology or in which it resulted from interpretations of historians using the time perspective.
Chronicle of Academic Activities in the Field of Economic History in Poland (April 1977 - May 1978)
Authors: Górczyńska Bożena
Published: September 2024

Chronicle of Academic Activities in the Field of Economic History in Poland (April 1977 - May 1978)
Hypomethylation in promoters of PGC-1α involved in exercise-driven skeletal muscular alterations in old age
Authors: Li Qiaowei , Liu Qin , Lin Zhong , Lin Wenwen , Huang Feng , Zhu Pengli
Published: September 2024

Exercise training can significantly improve skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and has been proven to be highly relevant to alterations in skeletal muscle DNA methylation. However, it remains unclear whether late-in-life exercise has an effect on promoter methylation of PGC-1α, a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Here we employed two distinct exercise modalities, constant medium intensity exercise training (CMIT) and high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT), to investigate their impacts on PGC-1α expression and methylation regulation in skeletal muscle of aged mice. The results revealed a notable decrease in PGC-1α expression in skeletal muscle of aged mice, accompanied by elevated methylation levels of the PGC-1α promoter, and increased DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) protein expressions. However, both forms of exercise training significantly corrected PGC-1α epigenetic changes, increased PGC-1α expression, and ameliorated skeletal muscle reduction. Furthermore, exercise training led to elevated expression of proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in skeletal muscle, improving mitochondrial structure and function. In conclusion, late-in-life exercise improved skeletal muscle function, morphology, and mitochondria biogenesis, which may be associated with hypomethylation in promoters of PGC-1α and increased content of skeletal muscle PGC-1α. Notably, there was no clear difference between HIIT and CMIT in PGC-1α expression and skeletal muscle function.
Causes of German Inventiveness, 1815–1990. What We Can Learn from Patent Statistics
Authors: Donges Alexander , Streb Jochen
Published: September 2024

In the second half of the 19th century, Germany developed into one of the most innovative economies in the world and was able to defend this position in the 20th century. In order to investigate the causes of this inventiveness, it is necessary to quantify innovations and assign them to inventors, regions and industries. For this reason, various historical patent databases have been set up over the last two decades, currently covering the period from 1815 to 1990. We present these patent databases and give an overview of the main empirical studies based on these statistics.
Distortion-tolerant on–off keying preemphasis signal transmission for a 10 Gbps indoor visible light communications
Authors: Sudhakar Muppidi Venkata
Published: September 2024

The design and simulation of indoor visible light communication (VLC) system with preemphasis is proposed for 5 m transmission of signal at the data rate of 10 Gbps for receiving only applications like smart TV, smart speaker, and smart home appliance control. The preemphasis driver circuit is designed to reduce the intersymbol interference by pulse shaping the signal and transimpedance amplifier is used to amplify the signal for longer distance transmission. Intensity modulation at the sender side and direct detection at the receiver-side are adopted in this work for the improvement of the system’s overall performance and to decrease its implementation cost. The system performance is analyzed in terms of BER, data-rate, Q-factor, and eye diagrams. The setup is developed, which includes a nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) generator, preemphasis driver, light-emitting-diode, VLC channel, and receiver with an avalanche photodiode and Gaussian LPF. At 10 Gbps data rate, the maximum transmission distance that can be obtained is 5 m with a BER of less than 10−31.
The Åker assemblage: Provenance and local workshop-traditions in the North Sea region in the late 6
th
and early 7
th
centuries
Authors: Røstad Ingunn Marit
Published: September 2024

The so-called Åker assemblage, a collection of stray finds of weapon parts and warrior-related objects dating from c. AD 600, has held a prominent position in Norwegian archaeology since the discovery of the first objects on the estate of Åker in Hedmark in south-eastern Norway in the 19th century. The assemblage comprises high-status objects belonging to a warrior elite whose equipment display close similarities across the European Continent and in Anglo-Saxon England. In early research, many of the objects in the assemblage, e. g., the renowned ‘Åker buckle’ with cloisonné and zoomorphic decoration, were ascribed a Continental provenance. More recent discussions, however, advocate a Scandinavian origin for all the objects in the assemblage. Yet, the question of where the items originally were manufactured was once more actualized when further objects belonging to the assemblage were unearthed by metal detectorists in the 1990s. Among the new finds were some Frankish types of belt mounts that are unique in a Scandinavian perspective and other items with similarities to related equipment found in other regions. The new items may thus potentially shed new light on the question concerning place of origin of the assemblage. The question of provenance, however, is tied up with the phenomenon of local workshop-traditions in Scandinavia and the North Sea region. New insights have been gained on this topic during recent years as several new production sites have been explored. Through a visual assessment of the new items in the assemblage and a discussion of related parallels, it is argued here for a yet unknown western Scandinavian workshop as the most likely source for several of the objects making up the Åker assemblage.
Revisiting Jung's Theory of Archetypes
Authors: Sullivan Timothy B.
Published: September 2024

Erik Goodwyn in this issue (“Demystifying Jung's ‘Archetypes’ with Embodied Cognition”) argues for a reexamination of the clinical and neuropsychological relevance of Jungian archetypes. This assertion is examined with respect to the evidence Goodwyn provides as well as in the larger context of cognitive science as it is applied to theories rooted in past models of cognition.
Temporal and Potential Predictive Relationships between Sleep Spindle Density and Spike-and-Wave Discharges
Authors: Abdelaal Manal S. , Kato Tomonobu , Natsubori Akiyo , Tanaka Kenji F.
Published: September 2024

Spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) and sleep spindles are characteristic electroencephalographic (EEG) hallmarks of absence seizures and nonrapid eye movement sleep, respectively. They are commonly generated by the cortico–thalamo–cortical network including the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). It has been reported that SWD development is accompanied by a decrease in sleep spindle density in absence seizure patients and animal models. However, whether the decrease in sleep spindle density precedes, coincides with, or follows, the SWD development remains unknown. To clarify this, we exploitedPvalb-tetracycline transactivator (tTA)::tetO-ArchT (PV-ArchT) double-transgenic mouse, which can induce an absence seizure phenotype in a time-controllable manner by expressing ArchT in PV neurons of the TRN. In these mice, EEG recordings demonstrated that a decrease in sleep spindle density occurred 1 week before the onset of typical SWDs, with the expression of ArchT. To confirm such temporal relationship observed in these genetic model mice, we used a gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) pharmacological model of SWDs. Prior to GBL administration, we administered caffeine to wild-type mice for 3 consecutive days to induce a decrease in sleep spindle density. We then administered low-dose GBL, which cannot induce SWDs in normally conditioned mice but led to the occurrence of SWDs in caffeine-conditioned mice. These findings indicate a temporal relationship in which the decrease in sleep spindle density consistently precedes SWD development. Furthermore, the decrease in sleep spindle activity may have a role in facilitating the development of SWDs. Our findings suggest that sleep spindle reductions could serve as early indicators of seizure susceptibility.
Presynaptic Enhancement of Transmission from Nociceptors Expressing Nav1.8 onto Lamina-I Spinothalamic Tract Neurons by Spared Nerve Injury in Mice
Authors: Hung (洪瑋辰) Wei-Chen , Chen (陳志成) Chih-Cheng , Yen (嚴震東) Cheng-Tung , Min (閔明源) Ming-Yuan
Published: September 2024

Alteration of synaptic function in the dorsal horn (DH) has been implicated as a cellular substrate for the development of neuropathic pain, but certain details remain unclear. In particular, the lack of information on the types of synapses that undergo functional changes hinders the understanding of disease pathogenesis from a synaptic plasticity perspective. Here, we addressed this issue by using optogenetic and retrograde tracing ex vivo to selectively stimulate first-order nociceptors expressing Nav1.8 (NRsNav1.8) and record the responses of spinothalamic tract neurons in spinal lamina I (L1-STTNs). We found that spared nerve injury (SNI) increased excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in L1-STTNs evoked by photostimulation of NRsNav1.8(referred to as Nav1.8-STTN EPSCs). This effect was accompanied by a significant change in the failure rate and paired-pulse ratio of synaptic transmission from NRsNav1.8to L1-STTN and in the frequency (not amplitude) of spontaneous EPSCs recorded in L1-STTNs. However, no change was observed in the ratio of AMPA to NMDA receptor–mediated components of Nav1.8-STTN EPSCs or in the amplitude of unitary EPSCs constituting Nav1.8-STTN EPSCs recorded with extracellular Ca2+replaced by Sr2+. In addition, there was a small increase (approximately 10%) in the number of L1-STTNs showing immunoreactivity for phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases in mice after SNI compared with sham. Similarly, only a small percentage of L1-STTNs showed a lower action potential threshold after SNI. In conclusion, our results show that SNI induces presynaptic modulation at NRNav1.8(consisting of both peptidergic and nonpeptidergic nociceptors) synapses on L1-STTNs forming the lateral spinothalamic tract.
IN THE TRENCHES: A FINANCIAL SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE PERSPECTIVE ON THE PERSISTENT LEGACY OF POVERTY IN THE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT OF SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Jordaan Adriaan , Engelbrecht Lambert K
Published: September 2024

Widespread socio-economic challenges such as high levels of poverty and unemployment continue to plague South Africa. Owing to the nature of social work service delivery, social workers often serve the most vulnerable populations. However, it seems that social workers remain metaphorically in the trenches in the war on poverty, meaning that tangible evidence on the progress of poverty alleviation due to the direct involvement of social workers is meagre in social development. This article argues for the integration of a financial social work practice perspective into South African social work service delivery as a potential means of facilitating more efficient social development. The article is conceptual in nature and draws on the principles of theoretical adaptation. It posits social developmental theory as the dominant theoretical paradigm, and financial social work as the practice perspective. Analysis will highlight the current gaps in social developmental practice, and the appropriateness of financial social work to address it. The discussion aims to activate scholarly discourse on financial social work in South Africa and beyond, and to firmly position this practice perspective within sustainable social development. Keywords: financial capability, financial literacy, financial social work, practice perspective, poverty, social development, unemployment
ÇEVRENİN KASTEN VE TAKSİRLE KİRLETİLMESİ SUÇLARINDA İÇTİMA SORUNU
Authors: Peker İlbilge Selcen
Published: September 2024

Çevrenin kasten kirletilmesi suçu 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu m. 181’de hüküm altına alınmıştır. İlgili düzenlemede birbirinden bağımsız iki farklı suç tipine yer verilmiştir. Çevrenin taksirle kirletilmesi suçu ise Türk Ceza Kanunu m. 182’de, çevrenin kasten kirletilmesi suçuna benzer şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Türk hukukunda çevreyi korumaya yönelik olarak farklı kanunlarda düzenlenmiş birçok suç ve kabahat yer almaktadır. Bu durum Türk Ceza Kanununda düzenlenen çevrenin kasten ve taksirle kirletilmesi suçları ile diğer çevre suçları ve kabahatleri arasında içtima sorununun ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur.
Bu çalışmada çevrenin kasten ve taksirle kirletilmesi suçları unsurlarıyla birlikte ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Ancak içtima ile doğrudan ilgisi olmaması sebebiyle hukuka aykırılık, kusurluluk, teşebbüs, iştirak, kovuşturma ve yaptırım konularına ilişkin açıklamalarda bulunulmamıştır. Son olarak içtima hakkında genel bilgiler verildikten sonra çevrenin kasten ve taksirle kirletilmesi suçlarındaki içtima ilişkisi doktrindeki tartışmalar ve Yargıtay tarafından verilen karar çerçevesinde ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir.
Selectivity of gillnets for the capture of Selene peruviana and Peprilus medius in the Ecuadorian Pacific
Authors: Mendoza-Nieto Kléver , Briones-Mendoza Jesús , Alió José J.
Published: September 2024

In the Ecuadorian Pacific, Selene peruviana and Peprilus medius are target species for artisanal fishing caught with gillnets that constitute an important fishery resource for local consumption, given that they are highly valued species due to their low cost and their contribution of high biological value protein. However, no studies have determined selectivity in capturing these species. This study evaluates the selectivity of monofilament surface gillnets with mesh sizes of 3" (7.62 cm) and 3 ½" (8.89 cm), mostly used by artisanal fishers. Data were obtained from several fishing operations within the coastal zone of 8 nautical miles (nm) in Manabí, Ecuador, in 2017, between 6:00 pm and 6:00 am. Selectivity parameters and curves were evaluated through multi-model analysis using the SELEC method. The lognormal model showed the best fit with modal lengths of 24.23 and 21.96 cm for S. peruviana and P. medius, respectively, and selection factors of 3.23 and 3.11. The optimal mesh sizes were calculated at 7.20 and 6.91 cm, respectively, which are smaller than those commonly used by most local artisanal fishers. Therefore, it can be inferred that the size distribution of the captured species follows a lognormal distribution, suggesting that gillnets have a higher probability of capturing larger fish.
Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Depressant Activity of Macrotyloma Uniflorum vs. Clitoria Ternatea Methanolic Leaf Extracts
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India, Kumar Amit , Khawas Sayak ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India, Anand Kumar ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India, Sharma Neelima ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
Published: September 2024

Background: Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychiatric disorders in the modern era, often attributed to the alterations in signalling neurotransmitters or the release of biogenic amines characterized by changes in consciousness, psychomotor functions, and emotional disturbances. Purpose: Several antidepressant drugs are available; they may cause irreversible adverse effects. Therefore, exploring herbal remedies as an alternative therapy holds potential benefits. Macrotyloma uniflorum and Clitoria ternatea are among the plants traditionally utilized for their anti-depression activity. Method: This study aims to compare the antidepressant activity of the methanolic extracts of M. uniflorum and C. ternatea leaves. Their phytochemical compositions were analysed, and antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH and Superoxide radical scavenging assays. Results: The outcomes of phytochemical screening indicated the presence of secondary metabolites in both extracts, including alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and tannins. The antioxidant assays indicated significant antioxidant potential in both M. uniflorum and C. ternatea extracts. Various biochemical assays, behavioural studies, and histopathological evaluations were conducted using a toluene-induced mice model. Conclusion: The behavioural study and biochemical estimations confirmed the antidepressant potential of both extracts. However, the M. uniflorum extract exhibited better efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms. In light of future perspectives, it would be valuable to isolate and identify the specific compounds facilitating a more targeted pharmacological approach for depression pharmacotherapy.
Explorando a relação entre medidas de imagem corporal e conexão social
Authors: Damasceno Ferreira Gabriela , Weydmann Gibson , Barbosa Pacheco Janaína Thaís
Published: September 2024

: O presente estudo examinou os efeitos da flexibilidade da imagem corporal (aceitação de experiências de imagem corporal negativa) e da insatisfação com a imagem corporal na conexão social (CS). A amostra foi composta por 235 estudantes universitários. Um modelo de path analysis robusto revelou que a flexibilidade da imagem corporal predisse CS apenas quando mediada por autocompaixão e depressão, enquanto o sexo (e.g. feminino) teve um efeito direto na conexão social. A insatisfação com a imagem corporal não foi um preditor significativo de CS, mas previu o IMC. Este estudo contém informações relevantes sobre as associações entre imagem corporal e CS, uma vez que os resultados foram obtidos controlando as covariáveis relevantes. Os dados apresentados aqui sugerem que a flexibilidade da imagem corporal está relacionada à CS em mulheres com menos sintomas de depressão ou alta autocompaixão.
O papel das humanidades na BNCC mediante o ideário da educação tecnológica
Authors: Trevisol Marcio Giusti , Schoenardie Davi Alexandre
Published: September 2024

Este estudo analisa o papel da Filosofia e da Sociologia na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) mediante o ideário de uma educação tecnológica. Trata-se de uma investigação qualitativa, exploratória, com método hermenêutico e coleta de dados documental, fundamentada em Ferretti (2018), Nussbaum (2015), Perrenoud (2002), Silva (2018), Silva e Scheibe (2017). Os resultados apontam que a BNCC considera o saber filosófico e sociológico coadjuvante em detrimento das competências que marginalizam a formação crítica e emancipatória. Portanto, ao valorizar o empreendedorismo, a inovação e a competitividade, as políticas educacionais fragilizam os valores democráticos e o papel formativo das humanidades.