bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prescreening For Osteoporosis With Forearm Bone Densitometry In Health Examination Population
Authors: Yue Chun , Ding Na , Xu Lu-Lu , Fu Ya-Qian , Guo Yuan-Wei , Yang Yan-Yi , Zhao Xian-Mei , Sheng Zhi-Feng
Published: December 2021

Background: Early detection and timely prophylaxis can retard the progression of osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of peripheral Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DXA) for osteoporosis screening. We utilized AKDX-09W-I, a domestic brand instrument to perform peripheral DXA. Briefly, we acquired bone mineral density (BMD) data from manufacturer-supplied density-gradient phantoms and 30 volunteers to investigate its accuracy and precision, then we measured BMD from 150 volunteers using both AKDX (left forearm) and Hologic Discovery Wi (left forearm, left hip and L1 - L4 vertebrae) simultaneously. Correlation analysis of BMD results from two instruments was assessed by simple linear regression, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Areas Under the Curves (AUCs) were evaluated for the diagnostic value of left forearm BMD from AKDX in detecting osteoporosis.Results: In vitro precision errors of AKDX BMD were 0.40%, 0.20%, 0.19%, respectively, on low-, medium-, and high-density phantom; in vivo precision was 1.65%. Positive correlation was observed between AKDX BMD and Hologic BMD at the forearm (r = 0.670), L1–L4 (r = 0.430, femoral neck (r = 0.449), and total hip (r = 0.559). With Hologic DXA T-score as the gold standard, the sensitivity of AKDX T-score < -1 for identifying suboptimal bone health was 63.0% and 76.1%, respectively, at the distal one-third radius and at any site, and the specificity was 73.9% and 90.0%, respectively; the AUCs were 0.708 and 0.879. The sensitivity of AKDX T-score ≤ -2.5 for identifying osteoporosis at the distal one-third radius and at any site was 76.9% and70.4%, respectively, and the specificity was 80.4% and 78.0%, respectively; the AUCs were 0.823 and 0.778.Conclusions: Peripheral DXA appears to be a reliable tool for prescreening for osteoporosis.
What lies underneath: Precise classification of brain states using time-dependent topological structure of dynamics
Authors: Soler-Toscano Fernando , Galadí Javier , Escrichs Anira , Perl Yonatan , López-González Ane , Sitt Jacobo , Annen Jitka , Gosseries Olivia , Thibaut Aurore , Panda Rajanikant , Esteban Francisco J. , Laureys Steven , Kringelbach Morten , Langa Jose , Deco Gustavo
Published: December 2021

The self-organising global dynamics underlying brain states emerge from complex recursive nonlinear interactions between interconnected brain regions. Until now, all efforts of capturing the causal mechanistic generating principles have proven elusive, since they have been unable to describe the non-stationarity of brain dynamics, i.e. time-dependent changes. Here, we present a novel framework able to characterise brain states with high specificity, precisely by modelling the time-dependent dynamics. Through describing the topological structure of the brain at each moment in time (its ‘information structure’), we are able to classify different brain states by using the statistics across time of these exact ‘information structures’ hitherto hidden in the neuroimaging dynamics. Proving the strong potential of this framework, we were able to classify the neuroimaging data from two classes of comatose patients (minimally conscious state and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome) compared with healthy controls with very high precision.
MicroRNA-155 Expression With Brucella Infection in vitro and in vivo and Decreased Serum Levels of MicroRNA-155 in Patients With Brucellosis
Authors: Zhang Xi , Chen Jingjing , Cheng Huimin , Zhu Jinying , Dong Qiao , Zhang Huan , Chen Zeliang
Published: December 2021

Infection by Brucella is characterized by the inhibition of host immune responses. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) has been implicated in the immune response to many diseases. In this study, miR-155 expression during Brucella 16M infection of macrophages and mice were analyzed. Expression of miR-155 was significantly induced in macrophages at 24 hours post infection. Analysis of infected mice showed that miR-155 was inhibited at 7 and 14 days, but induced at 28 days. Very interestingly, the induction or inhibition trend was reversed at 7 and 14 days in 16M△virB-infected mice. This suggested that decreased expression of miR-155 at an early stage of infection was dependent on intracellular replication. In humans with brucellosis, serum levels of miR-155 were significantly decreased compared to those without brucellosis and healthy volunteers. Significant correlations were observed between serum level of miR-155 and serum anti-Brucella antibody titers and symptom of sweat. The decrease in miR-155 with Brucella infection contrasts with the increase in miR-155 observed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This contrasting effect suggests that Brucella interferes with miR-155-regulated immune responses through a unique mechanism. Taken together, data from this study indicate that Brucella infection affects miR-155 expression, and that human brucellosis patients show decreased serum levels of miR-155.
Towards a structurally resolved human protein interaction network
Authors: Elofsson Arne , Burke David , Bryant Patrick , Barrio-Hernandez Inigo , Memon Danish , Pozzati Gabriele , Shenoy Aditi , Zhu Wensi , Dunham Alistair , Albanese Pascal , Keller Andrew , Scheltema Richard , Bruce James , Leitner Alexander , Kundrotas Petras , Beltrao Pedro
Published: December 2021

All cellular functions are governed by complex molecular machines that assemble through protein-protein interactions. Their atomic details are critical to the study of their molecular mechanisms but fewer than 5% of hundreds of thousands of human interactions have been structurally characterized. Here, we test the potential and limitations of recent progress in deep-learning methods using AlphaFold2 to predict structures for 65,484 human interactions. We show that higher confidence models are enriched in interactions supported by affinity or structure based methods and can be orthogonally confirmed by spatial constraints defined by cross-link data. We identify 3,137 high confidence models, of which 1,371 have no homology to a known structure, from which we identify interface residues harbouring disease mutations, suggesting potential mechanisms for pathogenic variants. We find groups of interface phosphorylation sites that show patterns of co-regulation across conditions, suggestive of coordinated tuning of multiple interactions as signalling responses. Finally, we provide examples of how the predicted binary complexes can be used to build larger assemblies. Accurate prediction of protein complexes promises to greatly expand our understanding of the atomic details of human cell biology in health and disease.
Response of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) To Potassium, Zinc, and Boron Fertilizers in Wag-Lasta, Northern, Ethiopia
Authors: Esubalew Tilahun , Sebnie Workat
Published: December 2021

Background

In Ethiopia using fertilizer started in the early 1960. But it still depended solely on urea and DAP. Today, according to ATA and Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources K, Zn, B, S, and Cu are in deficit in Ethiopia and Amhara Region as well as in Wag-Lasta areas. But some studies conducted in Wag-Lasta and throughout the region in different crops indicate that these nutrients had no response on crop yields. So, this experiment was conducted in 2017 rain feed cropping season on five farmers’ parcels per location to verify the response of sorghum to potassium, zinc, and boron fertilizers.
Methods

The treatments were: NPS, NPSK, NPSZnB, and NPSZnBK, with the recommended rate of 46 and 23 kg ha −1 N and P2O5 respectively for Sekota, 23 kg ha−1 N, and P2O5 for Lasta. Moreover, 150, 1.47, and 0.07 kg ha−1 KCl, Zn, and B respectively used uniformly for both locations. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The collected data were analyzed by SAS software version 9.0.
Results

Analysis of variance revealed that the application of potassium, zinc, and boron had no significant effect (P ≤0.05) on sorghum yield and yield components at all sites. The exchangeable potassium content in the soil of the study sites is high and very high. The result disagrees with the soil fertility map which showed more than 98% of potassium deficiency and more than 80% NPSZnB deficiency. Hence, the application of K, Zn, and B fertilizers had no yield advantage over the recommended N and P fertilizers in the Wag-Lasta areas.
Conclusions

Therefore, currently to increase production and productivity of crops in Wag-Lasta areas using of recommended rate of nitrogen and phosphorous with organic fertilizer sources for each district is the best option rather than using K, Zn, and B fertilizers.
Ca2+ Participates in Programmed Cell Death by Modulating ROS During Pollen Cryopreservation
Authors: Ren Ruifen , Zhou Hao , Zhang Lingling , Jiang Xueru , Liu Yan
Published: December 2021

Programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the reasons for the decline in pollen viability after cryopreservation. However, the role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in PCD during pollen cryopreservation has not been revealed in the existing studies. In this study, Paeonia lactiflora 'Fen Yu Nu' pollen was used as the research material for investigating the effects of Ca2+ changes on PCD indices and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during pollen cryopreservation. The results showed that after cryopreservation, with the decrease of pollen viability, the Ca2+ content significantly increased. The regulation of Ca2+ content had a significant effect on PCD indices, which showed that the Ca2+ carrier A23187 accelerated the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential level and increased the activity of caspase-3-like and caspase-9-like proteases and the apoptosis rate. The expression levels of partial pro-PCD genes were upregulated, the anti-PCD gene BI-1 was downregulated, and the addition of Ca2+ chelating agent EGTA had the opposite effect. The addition of the Ca2+ carrier A23187 after cryopreservation significantly increased the ROS content of pollen, the addition of the Ca2+ chelating agent EGTA had the opposite effect, and Ca2+ regulators also had significant effects on the contents of ROS production and clearance-related substances. Ca2+ affected intracellular ROS content by acting on the ROS production and clearance system during the cryopreservation of pollen and is thus involved in the occurrence of PCD.
ZSCAN18 Promoter is Hypermethylated and Its Restored Expression Inhibits Proliferation in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ren Baoqing , Li Bin , Ma Gang , Cai Fenglin , Wang Pengliang , Dong Yinping , Zeng Yi , Liu Yong , Zhang Li , Yang Yang , Liang Han , Zhang Nannan , Nie Yongzhan , Deng Jingyu
Published: December 2021

Background: Zinc finger and scan domain containing 18 (ZSCAN18) belongs to the zinc finger transcription factor superfamily, which consists of hundreds of members that play critical roles in all steps of tumorigenesis. Although hypermethylation of the ZSCAN18 promoter and its consequent deficiency in a variety of malignancies have been reported recently, its functions and mechanisms in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer (GC) are not clear. This study aims to investigate the roles of ZSCAN18 in gastric carcinogenesis.Methods: Methylation of ZSCAN18 promoter in GC cell lines was analyzed via MassARRAY and treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Bioinformatics analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, immunohistochemistry, Cell Counting Kit 8, colony formation, and an in vivo xenograft tumor model were used to examine the expression and function of ZSCAN18. Survival analysis was performed to determine the correlation between ZSCAN18 expression and the prognosis of patients with GC. Genes modulated by ZSCAN18 in NCI-N87 cells were identified through RNA next-generation sequencing and verified by qRT-PCR in AGS and NCI-N87 cells.Results: ZSCAN18 expression was markedly reduced in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues as a result of hypermethylation in GC. Likewise, ZSCAN18 expression was significantly reduced in a panel of GC cell lines as a result of the densely methylated ZSCAN18 promoter. Forced expression of ZSCAN18 inhibited proliferation in AGS and NCI-N87 cells in vitro. Additionally, ZSCAN18 impaired the growth of NCI-N87 cells in immunodeficient mice. Survival analysis showed that ZSCAN18 expression was positively associated with favorable outcomes in patients with GC. RNA next-generation sequencing showed three representative genes (FGF20, CEACAM5, and TP53INP2) involved in downstream signaling pathways modulated by ZSCAN18.Conclusions: Collectively, this study unveils the anti-cancer role of ZSCAN18 in GC and provides a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target.
New Insight Into The Spatial Autoregressive Model of Industrial Wastewater Discharge In The Yellow River Basin
Authors: Xia Libo , Wang Zhiliang , Du Shuang , Tian Decun , Chen Feng
Published: December 2021

This article has carried out a statistical analysis of the industrial wastewater discharge (IWD) and gross regional product (GRP) of 79 cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2019. By calculating the Moran index of IWD and GRP, the study has found that a certain spatial autoregressive in space. There is an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) between the environmental pollution and economic development of cities in the Yellow River Basin, and a spatial autoregressive is modelled by a set of random effects that are assigned a conditional autoregressive prior distribution. In the Bayesian environment, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used for inferencing, and the spatial weight matrix is ​​selected to be U-shaped matrix, and the error of the model is minimized. The parameter posterior distribution results of the model showed that the GRP did not show a significant decline. The modified EKC showed that the discharge of industrial wastewater in the entire Yellow River Basin will be reduced. Generally, cities with high pollutant emissions should learn from other cities to reduce emissions, and cities with low GRP need to increase local economic development.
Physical activity and sedentary behavior; mechanistic insights and role in disease prevention
Authors: Hoed Marcel den , Wang Zhe , Emmerich Andrew , Pillon Nicolas , Moore Timothy , Hemerich Daiane , Cornelis Marilyn , Mazzaferro Eugenia , Broos Siacia , Ameur Adam , Bandinelli Stefania , Bis Joshua , Boehnke Michael , Bouchard Claude , Chasman Daniel , de Geus Eco , Deldicque Louise , Dörr Marcus , Evans Michele , Ferrucci Luigi , Fornage Myriam , Fox Caroline , Garland Theodore , Gyllensten Ulf , Hansen Torben , Hayward Caroline , Horta Bernardo , Hypponen Elina , Johnson W. Craig , Kardia Sharon , Kiemeney Lambertus , Laakso Markku , Langenberg Claudia , Lehtimäki Terho , Marchand Loic Le , Magnusson Patrik , Martin Nicholas , Melbye Mads , Metspalu Andres , Meyre David , North Kari , Ohlsson Claes , Oldehinkel Albertine , Orho-Melander Marju , Pare Guillaume , Park Taesung , Pedersen Oluf , Penninx Brenda , Pers Tune , Polasek Ozren , Prokopenko Inga , Rotimi Charles , Samani Nilesh , Sim Xueling , Smith George Davey , Snieder Harold , Sorensen Thorkild , Spector Tim , Timpson Nicholas , Dam Rob van , Velde Nathalie van der , Vollenweider Peter , Völzke Henry , Voortman Trudy , Waeber Gerard , Wareham Nick , Weir David , Wichmann Erich , Wilson James , Hevener Andrea , Krook Anna , Zierath Juleen , Thomis Martine , Loos Ruth
Published: December 2021

Even though physical activity and sedentary behavior are moderately heritable, little is known about the mechanisms that influence these traits. Here, we combine data for up to 674,980 individuals from 51 studies in a trans-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for self-reported moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity during leisure time (MVPA); leisure screen time (LST); sedentary commuting; and sedentary behavior at work. We identify 99 loci that associate with at least one trait. Loci associated with LST are enriched for genes whose expression in skeletal muscle is altered by resistance training. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the Glu to Ala substitution encoded by rs2229456 (ACTN3) – associated with more MVPA – disrupts salt bridge interactions and makes the alpha actinin 3 filaments more flexible. In isolated type IIA muscle fibers, the Ala-encoding allele is associated with lower maximal force and power during an isometric contraction, suggesting protection from exercise-induced muscle damage. Finally, Mendelian Randomization analyses show that the causal effect of LST on BMI is 2-3 times larger than the effect of body mass index (BMI) on LST, and that beneficial effects of LST and MVPA on several risk factors and diseases are mediated or confounded by BMI. Taken together, our results provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of MVPA and into the role of LST and MVPA in disease prevention. These insights may facilitate the development of tailored physical activity interventions.
CD138 Expression Promotes Accumulation and Activation of T Cells in Autoimmune MRL/lpr Mice
Authors: Xie Tianhong , Liu Xin , Li Ping
Published: December 2021

CD138+ T cells that accumulated in Fas-deficiency lupus mice, had been identified as autoreactive T cells in SLE which significantly promoted autoantibody secretion. In present study, we found CD138 expression in T cells played a key role in the progression of SLE in MRL/lpr mice. Our results indicated CD138+ T cells apoptosis was in Fas dependent way. However, CD138 expression of T cells in MRL/lpr mice could significantly prevent T cells apoptosis, contribute to accumulation of T cells and DN T cells and simultaneously promote T cells activation. Importantly, CD138 expression in DN T cells significantly increased FasL expression of DN T cells enhancing the cytotoxity of DN T cells. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and Ionomycin (PI) stimulation could significantly prevent CD138+ T cells accumulation by strikingly inducing their specific apoptosis. Moreover, PI stimulation significantly activated CD138+ T cells with increased CD69 expression in them. Importantly, our results showed CD69 expression in CD138+ T cells could significantly increase the apoptosis level of them. That indicated PI stimulation could induce specific apoptosis of CD138+ T cells via increasing CD69 expression in CD138+ T cells. In addition, our results showed CD138- T cells in MRL/lpr mice had significant defects in activation. However, to activate T cells could significantly prevent CD138 expression in CD3+ T cells of MRL/lpr mice. Our results suggested CD138 expression in CD3+ T cells of MRL/lpr mice was probably caused by the failure of activation in autoreactive T cells before self-antigens exposure to immune system.
Fuzzy set intersection based paired-end short-read alignment
Authors: Bolosky William , Subramaniyan Arun , Zaharia Matei , Pandya Ravi , Sittler Taylor , Patterson David
Published: December 2021

Much genomic data comes in the form of paired-end reads: two reads that represent genetic material with a small gap between. We present a new algorithm for aligning both reads in a pair simultaneously by fuzzily intersecting the sets of candidate alignment locations for each read. This algorithm is often much faster and produces alignments that result in variant calls having roughly the same concordance as the best competing aligners.
Electromotive Force Generated in All Materials under Temperature Difference
Authors: Song Dong-il
Published: December 2021

In this research, we investigate the thermoelectric effects of general materials. The results of this showed that an electromotive force was generated under a temperature difference between two points in materials. As no material has infinite electric resistance, an electromotive force is expected to be generated under a temperature difference in all materials. In conclusion, the thermoelectric effect generates an electromotive force. This electromotive force causes an electric current to flow, thereby generating a magnetic field.This magnetic field generates the Earth's magnetic field, triboelectricity, sunspots, and kinetic energy of celestial bodies.This temperature differential electromotive force also generates lightning and creates an ionosphere that reflects radio waves.
Leveraging Machine Learning To Assess Market-Level Food Safety And Zoonotic Disease Risks In China
Authors: Gao Qihua , Levi Retsef , Renegar Nicholas
Published: December 2021

While many have advocated for widespread closure of Chinese wet and wholesale markets due to numerous zoonotic disease outbreaks (e.g., SARS) and food safety risks, this is impractical due to their central role in China’s food system. This first-of-its-kind work offers a data science enabled approach to identify market-level risks. Using a massive, self-constructed dataset of food safety tests, market-level adulteration risk scores are created through machine learning techniques. Analysis shows that provinces with more high-risk markets also have more human cases of zoonotic flu, and specific markets associated with zoonotic disease have higher risk scores. Furthermore, it is shown that high-risk markets have management deficiencies (e.g., illegal wild animal sales), potentially indicating that increased and integrated regulation targeting high-risk markets could mitigate these risks.
Developing a Hazard Profile of The Kashmir Valley Through Historical Data Analysis For The Period 1900-2020
Authors: Ali Noureen , Alam Akhtar , Bhat M Sultan , Shah Bilquis
Published: December 2021

Disasters not only cause high mortality and suffering, but thwart developmental activities and damage local economies in process of formation. A part of the NW Himalayas, the Kashmir Valley is very distinct with respect to its location, topography, climate, socioeconomic structure, and strategic geopolitical nature owing to which it has witnessed a multitude of disasters ranging from local incidents of rockfalls to catastrophic earthquakes, and has often paid heavily in terms of loss of life and property. However, the information on most of the events is either partially reported or exaggerated or sometimes not recorded at all and largely scattered. Availability of organized and reliable record of past hazards and disasters is essential for tackling the risks and mitigating the future disasters. In this context, the present study attempts to address the lack of data availability by focusing on developing a dependable hazard and disaster catalogue of the Kashmir Valley by investigating into the existing literature and the available secondary data sources. A record of natural hazards and disasters most prevalent in the valley viz., earthquakes, floods, landslides and snow avalanches, has been compiled for the time period 1900 to 2020 by making use of various secondary sources, comprising of 1854 events with a range of triggers and impacts reported in the valley, which provide an insight into the spatial and temporal (frequency and distribution) trends of different hazard types for the selected time-period. Developing a catalogue of events reported in the Kashmir Valley can help in building a hazard and disaster scenario which serves as a reliable information source and is of great value from the perspective of regional design, planning and policy responses to promote disaster risk reduction.
Pulsed Magnetic Field Treatment of TiAlSiN Coated Milling Tools For Improved Cutting Performances
Authors: Qu Hao , Zhang Lin , Chen Zhe , Zhang Lei , Jiang Kyle , Liu Jian
Published: December 2021

In this study a pulsed magnetic treatment was attempted to improve the cutting performance of the TiAlSiN coated WC-12wt%Co cemented carbide end mills and the effects of the strength of the pulsed magnetic field on the cutting forces, the cutting vibrations, the tool wear, the machined surface roughness and mechanical properties were investigated. It is found that the cutting performances of the coated tools are successfully improved with a relatively lower cutting force and less wear area. The average resultant cutting force Fxyave decrease by 14.53% in the last machining process when the optimum processing parameters of 0.5T magnetic field is used, accompanying a maximum decrease of 46.8% in the cutting vibration. The maximum reductions of 57.65% and 25.4% in the flank wear and the average surface roughness of the workpiece are obtained respectively after the treatment. Both the hardness and toughness of the cemented carbides are slightly improved with the imposition of the field. The improvements in the cutting performance of the tool are attributed to the enhanced adhesion strength between the coating and matrix, which is caused by the increased compressive residual stress induced by the PMT.
Comparison of Laparoscope-Assisted Single-Needle Laparoscopic Percutaneous Extraperitoneal Closure versus Open Repair for Pediatric Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Wu Shaofeng , Xing Xiaoyu , He Rong , Zhao Haiteng , Zhong Liang , Sun Jie
Published: December 2021

Background:

Laparoscopic repairs have gained gradual acceptance in pediatric inguinal hernia over the past decade. However, consensus about the optimal management is still lacking. The aim of this study is to present a modified single-needle laparoscopic approach with the assistance of a laparoscope and to evaluate the surgical outcomes in comparison with traditional open repair method.
Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical data of children who underwent laparoscope-assisted single-needle laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) and open repair (OR) for inguinal hernia from 2014 to 2019. Data were reviewed and analyzed with respect to the operating time, the incidence of metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia (MCIH), recurrence, and other complications.
Results:

In our cohort, 961 patients in the OR group and 1098 patients in the LPEC group were analyzed retrospectively. Mean operative time was significantly shorter in the LPEC group (22.3±3.5 min) than in the OR group (27.8±5.9 min) for bilateral hernia repair (p<0.001). Iatrogenic cryptorchidism occurred statistically more frequently in the OR group than in the LPEC group (0.4% vs. 0%, p=0.013). In addition, the incidence of MCIH was 3.7% (33/887) in the OR group and 0.3% (3/1014) in the LPEC group (p<0.01).
Conclusion:

Based on the current outcomes, laparoscope-assisted single-needle LPEC provides a simple and attractive option for the administration of pediatric patients with inguinal hernia/hydrocele to reduce the MCIH.
New Perspective on Fatigue in Hemodialysis Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Akbay Ertan , AKINCI Sinan , CONER Ali , ADAR Adem , GENCTOY Gultekin , DEMIR Ali Riza
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The relationship between diastolic dysfunction and fatigue in hemodialysis patients with preserved ejection fraction is unknown. In this context, the objective of this study is to assess fatigue using the relevant scales and to demonstrate its relationship with diastolic dysfunction.Methods: The patients who underwent hemodialysis were evaluated prospectively. Patients' fatigue was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale to Evaluate Fatigue Severity (VAS-F). The echocardiographic works were performed as recommended in the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines.Results: A total of 94 patients [mean age 64.7±13.5 years, 54 males (57.4%)] were included in the study. The median VAS-F score of these patients was 68.5 (33.25-91.25), and they were divided into two groups according to this value. Peak myocardial velocities during early diastole (e') and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) values were found to be significantly lower in the group with high VAS-F scores, whereas the early diastolic flow velocities (E)/e' ratio and pulmonary artery peak systolic pressures (PAP) were found to be significantly higher (p<0.05, for all). E/e' ratio (r:0.311, p:0.002) and PAP (r:0.281, p:0.006) values were found to be positively correlated with the VAS-F score, as opposed to the TAPSE (r:-0.257, p:0.012) and e' (r:-0.303, p:0.003) values, which were found to be negatively correlated with the VAS-F score. ConclusionHigh fatigue scores in hemodialysis patients may be associated with diastolic dysfunction. In addition, in our study, we determined the correlation of VAS-F score with E/e' ratio, PAP and TAPSE.
A novel method to predict nonvisible symptoms using machine learning in cancer palliative care
Authors: Shimada Kazuki , Tsuneto Satoru
Published: December 2021

Patients with cancer at the end of life may find it difficult to express their symptoms if they can no longer communicate verbally because of deteriorating health. In this study, we assessed these symptoms using machine learning. We conducted a clinical survey of 213 cancer patients from August 2015 to August 2016. We divided the reported symptoms into two groups—visible and nonvisible symptoms. Our machine learning model used patient background data and visible symptoms to predict nonvisible symptoms: pain, dyspnea, fatigue, drowsiness, anxiety, delirium, inadequate informed consent, and spiritual issues. The highest and/or lowest values for prediction accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively, are as follows: 88.0%/55.5%, 84.9%/3·3%, and 96.7%/24.1%. This work will facilitate better assessment and management of symptoms in patients with cancer.
Influence of Pinealectomy and Long-term Melatonin Administration on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Experimental Gouty Arthritis
Authors: BALLUR Arwa Fadıl Haqi , ALTINOZ Eyup , YİGİTTURK Gurkan , Onal Melike Ozgul , ELBE Hulya , BICER Yasemin , KARAYAKALI Melike , demir mehmet
Published: December 2021

Gout is an inflammatory arthritis characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints or soft tissue. MSU crystals are potent inflammation inducers. Melatonin (MLT) is a powerful endogenous anti-inflammatory agent and effective in reducing cellular damage. In the present study, possible underlying mechanisms associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects were investigated in rats with gouty arthritis and melatonin deprivation treated with MLT. Fifty-six rats were divided into seven groups: control, sham control, pinealectomy (PNX), MSU (On the 30th day, single dose 20 mg/ml, intraperitoneal), MSU+MLT (10 mg/kg/day for 30 days, intraperitoneal), MSU+PINX and MSU+PINX+MLT. PNX procedure was performed on the first day of the study. As compared to the controls, the results showed that MSU administration caused significant increases in oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde and total oxidant status). Besides, significant decreases in antioxidant defense systems (glutathione, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant status were observed. A statistically significant increase was found in the mean histopathological damage score in the groups that received MSU injection. It was found that histopathological changes were significantly reduced in the MSU+MLT group given MLT. In our study, it was determined that many histopathological changes, as well as swelling and temperature increase in the joint, which are markers of inflammation, were significantly reduced with MLT supplementation. These results suggest that melatonin ameliorates MSU-induced gout in the rat through inhibition of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine production.
Metagenomic Characterization of The Tracheobronchial Microbiome in Lung Cancer
Authors: Hogue Stephanie , Pierce Christine M. , Paul Shirlene , Thapa Ram , Kim Youngchul , Robinson Lary A.
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe tracheobronchial and oral microbiome may be associated with lung cancer, potentially acting as predictive biomarkers. Therefore, we studied the lung and oral bacteriome and virome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared to melanoma controls to discover distinguishable features.MethodsIn this pilot case-control study, we recruited ten patients with resectable NSCLC (cases) and ten age-matched melanoma patients (controls) who both underwent tumor resection. Preoperative oral gargles were collected from both groups, who then underwent transbronchoscopic tracheal lavage after intubation. Lung tumor and adjacent non-neoplastic lung were sterilely collected after resection. Microbial DNA from all specimens underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Lavage and gargle specimens underwent whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Microbiome metrics were calculated to compare both cohorts. T-tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to test for significant differences in alpha diversity between cohorts. PERMANOVA was used to compare beta diversity. ResultsNo clear differences were found in the microbial community structure of case and control gargles, but beta diversity of case and control lavages significantly differed. Two species, Granulicatella adiacens and Neisseria subflava, appeared in higher abundance in case versus control lavages. Case lavages also maintained higher relative abundances of oral commensals compared to controls. ConclusionsLung lavages demonstrated oral microbiota enrichment in cases compared to controls, suggesting microaspiration and resultant inflammation. The oral commensals Granulicatella adiacens and Neisseria subflava were more abundant in the tracheobronchial lavages of lung cancer versus melanoma patients, implicating these microorganisms as potential lung cancer biomarkers, warranting further validation studies.
Organic-Sulfonate Functionalized Graphene as a High Temperature Lubricant for Efficient Antifriction and Antiwear in Water-Based Drilling Fluid
Authors: Tian Xiao , Song Ningning , Yang Guangbin , Zhou Changhua , Zhang Shengmao , Zhang Pingyu
Published: December 2021

The lubricity of drilling fluid resistant to high-temperature over 200℃ is still one of the technological breakthroughs. In this study, the graphene modified with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) was selected as a resistant to high-temperature lubricant. Our results show that the drilling fluids have high stability after aging at 240°C with the assistance of the SDBS/graphene. Excitingly, the tribological performance test results revealed that the SDBS/graphene exert excellent anti-friction and anti-wear properties. Compared with the base slurry, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the SDBS/graphene slurry are reduced by 76% and 59%, respectively. The deposited film composed of graphene, Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, FeSO4 actualized the protection of the sliding contact zone, proving that the sulfonate group on the SDBS/graphene contributed to prompt the deposition of the graphene and bentonite and then enhanced tribological properties of the drilling fluids. Overall, the graphene modified with SDBS is expected to solve the difficulty to form effective deposited film and poor lubricity of the drilling fluid under high-temperature.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Takayasu Arteritis Patients
Authors: He Shiping , Li Zhi , Song Yijun , Yang Yunjiao , Li Jing , Zhao Jiuliang , Wang Yanhong , Tian Xinping , Zeng Xiaofeng
Published: December 2021

BackgroundsTakayasu Arteritis (TAK) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with a high prevalence in women of child-bearing age. We aim to investigate the maternal complications and pregnancy outcomes in patients with TAK and identify the related factors.MethodsA total of 110 pregnancies in 80 TAK patients in a Chinese TAK patient cohort and 440 matched pregnancies in healthy women between 2000 to 2020 were included. The maternal complications and pregnancy outcomes between TAK patients and matched controls were compared by chi-square test. The logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of maternal complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with TAK.ResultsMaternal complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes were more frequent in pregnancies with TAK than that in healthy women (P<0.001). In pregnancies with TAK, the most common maternal complication was new-onset or worsening of hypertension (18.2% [20/110]) and the most prevalent obstetrical complication was spontaneous abortion (32.7% [36/110]). Hypertension (OR 5.01, 95% CI 1.61 to 16.01), heart disease (OR 15.83, 95% CI 1.99 to 125.99), and active TAK (OR 7.54, 95% CI 1.85 to 30.72) before pregnancy were independently associated with increased maternal complications. The disease duration (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.23) and active disease during pregnancy (OR 14.59, 95% CI 1.81 to 117.49) were correlated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. ConclusionTAK disease itself is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Treating the disease to a stable state before and after pregnancy, and close collaboration between rheumatologists and obstetricians are important measures to reduce maternal complications and reach favorable pregnancy outcomes.
Nutraceuticals Known to Promote Hair Growth Do not Interfere with the Inhibitory Action of Tamoxifen in MCF7, T47D and BT483 Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Baker Richard , Dell’Acqua Giorgio , Richards Aleksander , Thornton M Julie
Published: December 2021

Background:Hair loss/thinning is a common side effect of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer therapy. Some nutraceuticals known to promote hair growth are avoided during breast cancer therapy for fear of phytoestrogenic activity. However, not all botanical ingredients have similarities to estrogens, and in fact, no information exists as to the true interaction of these ingredients with tamoxifen. Therefore, this study sought to ascertain the effect of nutraceuticals (+/- estrogen/tamoxifen), on proliferation of breast cancer cells and the relative expression of ERα/β.Methods:Kelp, Astaxanthin, Saw Palmetto, Tocotrienols, Maca, Horsetail, Resveratrol, Curcumin and Ashwagandha were assessed on proliferation of MCF7, T-47D and BT483 breast cancer cell lines +/- 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen. Each extract was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) prior to use. Cellular ERα and ERβ expression was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blot. Changes in the cellular localisation of ERα:ERβ and their ratio following incubation with the nutraceuticals was confirmed by immunocytochemistry.Results:Estradiol stimulated DNA synthesis in three different breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7, T-47D and BT483, which was inhibited by tamoxifen; this was mirrored by a specific ERα agonist in TD47 and BT483 cells. Nutraceuticals did not interfere with tamoxifen inhibition of estrogen; some even induced further inhibition when combined with tamoxifen. The ERα:ERβ ratio was higher at mRNA and protein level in all cell lines. However, incubation with nutraceuticals induced a shift to higher ERβ expression and a localization of ERs around the nuclear periphery.Conclusions:As ERα is the key driver of estrogen-dependent breast cancer, if nutraceuticals have a higher affinity for ERβ they may offer a protective effect, particularly if they synergize and augment the actions of tamoxifen. Since ERβ is the predominant ER in the hair follicle, further studies confirming whether nutraceuticals can shift the ratio towards ERβ in hair follicle cells would support a role for them in hair growth. Although more research is needed to assess safety and efficacy, this promising data suggests the potential of nutraceuticals as adjuvant therapy for hair loss in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy.
Schinus Terebinthifolia Raddi: A Comparative Framework On Population Genetic Structure In A Restored Area After 12 Years*
Authors: de Souza Erica Moraes Santos , Álvares-Carvalho Sheila Valéria , Ferreira Robério Anastácio , Mann Renata Silva
Published: December 2021

The success of restoration projects depends upon the genetic diversity of the implanted species. It is a limiting factor, often because the seed sources are immersed in highly fragmented landscapes. This work was carried out to compare the genetic diversities of the juveniles and the adult trees of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi in a mixed reforestation area, both in the restoration process and in the remaining natural area in the Atlantic Forest. Through five SSR primers, it was observed that the implanted population showed a greater genetic diversity index (He) (0.553 adults and 0.505 juveniles) when compared to the wild population (0.487 adults and 0.483 juveniles). It indicated that the forested area was established with individuals of high genetic diversity. There was a reduction of genetic diversity, with the loss of exclusive alleles and maintenance of inbreeding and coancestry in the juveniles of the reforested population. It can be inferred that there was a low gene flow among the fragments. The effective population size in both populations (adults and juveniles) was lower than that recommended for conserving populations in the short and long terms. These results have shown that continuous monitoring of this particular area is of absolute necessity and for applying techniques that can promote the connectivity of the fragments. It would allow for a more significant reduction of genetic drift and the persistence of the planted populations.
Compromising with de-globalization or seizing an opportunity? Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for firms and governments
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Panibratov Andrei Yu. , Chen Shenglong ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

This paper is an attempt to explore the responsive national policies and business strategies based on evaluation of the impacts of COVID-19. While the world economy is recovering from the pandemic, many business activities have been dramatically depressed. The tendency of deglobalization is emerging, accompanied by the digitalization of communication and transformation of industries. It is worth considering what measures should be taken in this dynamic global business environment, as well as providing recommendations for future economic development and strategic decision-making. The governments should take appropriate measures in a timely manner to respond to the environmental challenges and better adapt to the new world in the post-COVID-19 era. Multinational enterprises are supposed to adjust their business models and respond with advanced international strategies. The research method of the paper is the literature review, based on which we have systematically analyzed the dynamics of international business and the current situation of globalization. Also rational strategic options are proposed for governments and multinational enterprises to consider.
Ensuring the right to education by state university’s funding programs
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Belov Sergei A. , Soloviev Alexander A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Suyazov Vyacheslav V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

In the article "Unity of the system of state universities in today’s Russia", published in August 2020, it was proved that the constitutional right to education implies the need to support not only the leading universities of the country with the help of "academic leadership" programs, but all universities established by the state. Firstly, the creation of a university by the state presupposes responsibility on the part of the state as the founder for ensuring the conditions of its activity; secondly, students of all state universities equally have the right to demand from the state the creation of conditions for obtaining high-quality and modern education. In the development of the concept of unity of the higher education system, this article discusses specific practical steps to implement the approaches indicated in the article in terms of the use of public resources. The authors formulated a number of proposals regarding the state policy in the field of science and higher education in relation to the distribution of financial resources and other resources between institutions of higher education, and also proposed specific measures for their implementation, described by examples from practice.
Neurorehabilitation: Sanogenetic and pathogenetic foundations of innovative directions
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Tibekina Lyudmila , Shaposhnikov Alexander ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

The processes of sanogenesis and pathogenesis in patients with acute cerebrovascular accident occur simultaneously, starting with the acute period of stroke. In most cases, this is a single process viewed from different perspectives. Modern innovative areas of neurorehabilitation include the use of drug therapy, rehabilitation measures and mechanisms of sanogenesis and self-healing, which can be influenced by the methods used in the course of restoring the health of neurological patients. The organizational model of modern neurorehabilitation is based on an interdisciplinary multistage approach. The analysis of the relationship between patho‑ and sanogenetic reactions is important for the development of this organizational model. Exogenous therapeutic and rehabilitation measures form a single complex with endogenous factors of sanogenesis. These measures achieve the maximum effect only with the conscious active participation of the patient in the recovery process. The theoretical basis of the research is the concept of the theory of functional systems by P. K. Anokhin and the axiomatic theory of human health. The integration of these approaches is considered as the most general self-acting self-healing mechanism, concretized in the form of the concept of sanogenesis. Mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis are activated at all levels when a damaging factor occurs. Pathogenesis develops, becoming an integral part of the processes of sanogenesis.
Purinergic regulation: From a risky hypothesis to a triumphant theory
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kamran Sarkandi Mohammad , Serebryanaya Natalia ,   St. Petersburg State University,   Institute of Experimental Medicine
Published: December 2021

With the discovery of the ATP structure in 1929, significant progress was made in understanding the role of nucleosides and nucleotides in the body. One of the most important breakthroughs is associated with the determination of the function of an autacoid in ATP, a participant in purinergic signal transmission. For the first time, this function of ATP was pointed out by Professor Geoffrey Burnstock in 1972. Purinergic signaling activators are extracellular nucleotides including ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP, and adenosine nucleoside. The purinergic signaling pathway begins with the synthesis and intracellular accumulation of nucleotides, and then their release from the cell under various physiological and pathological conditions. In the extracellular spaces, nucleotides are hydrolyzed by various enzymes with the removal of phosphate groups, which leads to the appearance of various regulatory molecules that interact with P1 and P2 purinergic receptors. This ligand-receptor interaction changes the functional state of the target cell. In turn, the expression of purinergic receptors changes depending on the functional state of the cell. The participation of purinergic regulation in the development of many diseases indicates that by changing the concentration of signaling molecules, it is possible to change the course of pathological processes, in particular the activity of inflammation and the direction of immune responses. This article provides a brief review of the literature on the structure of nucleotide and nucleoside autacoids, enzymes involved in their metabolism, specific purinergic receptors.