bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BARRIERS TO THE ADOPTION OF THE INTERNET AND SELECTION OF E-COMMERCE ACTIONS: INCIDENTAL MOTIVATIONS OF MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS
Authors: Barrera Verdugo Gustavo
Published: September 2019

For decades entrepreneurial motivations have been related to entrepreneurial behavior, in areas such as investments or formulation of strategies, however, its link with the adoption of e-commerce in microenterprises has not been explored. Likewise, most of the research on e-commerce has been focused on studying small and medium-sized companies. Consequently, this research aims to assess the relationship of motivations of micro-entrepreneurs when developing their businesses, with the barriers they perceive to adopt the Internet, and the types of e-commerce activities they implement in their companies. In addition, demographic variables are analysed in order to facilitate the categorization of these organizations. Logistic regressions and Chi-square statistics are developed, on data published in the Fifth Micro-Entrepreneurship Survey of Chile. The results obtained show that the motivation for entrepreneurship based on family tradition is related to less Internet adoption and uses for e-commerce; also, it is evidenced that necessity and opportunity-based motivations are positively associated with Internet use for relationship purposes with clients and suppliers. This information is considered relevant in practical terms, since it allows strengthening the use of e-commerce in microenterprises, through the implementation of programs to support microentrepreneurs with incident characteristics, under the financing of governmental entities or private companies.
RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION – A CONCEPTUAL CONTRIBUTION TO THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Nazarko Lukasz
Published: September 2019

The concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has become a popular term as a result of making it a cross-cutting theme for the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union. RRI may be understood as a process by which societal actors and innovators become mutually responsive to each other with a view to the acceptability, sustainability and societal desirability of the innovation process and its products. The work presents a review of the state-of-art scientific literature on Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) together with a synthesis of theoretical and practical challenges faced by this new concept. Mapping of RRI dimensions and its theoretical assumptions is performed. Bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on RRI is carried out. The analysis of RRI-related projects is conducted. The attempt is made to clarify what RRI means for an enterprise in practical terms and what makes an innovation project in an enterprise a responsible one. Finally, a proposal for a closer interchange between RRI and Technology Assessment discourses is made together with an argument for a more extensive use of future-oriented methods that increase epistemic horizons of an innovating organisation.
K2-146: Discovery of Planet c, Precise Masses from Transit Timing, and Observed Precession
Authors: Hamann Aaron , Montet Benjamin T. , Fabrycky Daniel C. , Agol Eric , Kruse Ethan
Published: September 2019

K2-146 is a mid-M dwarf (M
⋆ = 0.331 ± 0.009M
⊙; R
⋆ = 0.330 ± 0.010R
⊙), observed in Campaigns 5, 16, and 18 of the K2 mission. In Campaign 5 data, a single planet was discovered with an orbital period of 2.6 days and large transit timing variations due to an unknown perturber. Here, we analyze data from Campaigns 16 and 18, detecting the transits of a second planet, c, with an orbital period of 4.0 days, librating in a 3:2 resonance with planet b. Large, anticorrelated timing variations of both planets exist due to their resonant perturbations. The planets have a mutual inclination of 2.°40 ± 0.°25, which torqued planet c more closely into our line of sight. Planet c was grazing in Campaign 5 and thus missed in previous searches; it is fully transiting in Campaigns 16 and 18, and its transit depth is three times larger. We improve the stellar properties using data from Gaia DR2, and use dynamical fits to find that both planets are sub-Neptunes: their masses are 5.77 ± 0.18 and 7.50 ± 0.23M
⊕, and their radii are 2.04 ± 0.06 and 2.19 ± 0.07 R
⊕, respectively. These mass constraints set the precision record for small exoplanets (a few gas giants have comparable relative precision). These planets lie in the photoevaporation valley when viewed in Radius–Period space, but due to the low-luminosity M-dwarf host star, they lie among the atmosphere-bearing planets when viewed in Radius–Irradiation space. This, along with their densities being 60–80% that of Earth, suggests that they may both have retained a substantial gaseous envelope.
OSSOS. XIX. Testing Early Solar System Dynamical Models Using OSSOS Centaur Detections
Authors: Nesvorný David , Vokrouhlický David , Stern Alan S. , Davidsson Björn , Bannister Michele T. , Volk Kathryn , Chen Ying-Tung , Gladman Brett J. , Kavelaars J. J. , Petit Jean-Marc , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Alexandersen Mike
Published: September 2019

We use published models of the early solar system evolution with a slow, long-range and grainy migration of Neptune to predict the orbital element distributions and the number of modern-day Centaurs. The model distributions are biased by the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) simulator and compared with the OSSOS Centaur detections. We find an excellent match to the observed orbital distribution, including the wide range of orbital inclinations which was the most troublesome characteristic to fit in previous models. A dynamical model, in which the original population of outer disk planetesimals was calibrated from Jupiter trojans, is used to predict that OSSOS should detect 11 ± 4 Centaurs with semimajor axes of a < 30 au, perihelion distances of q > 7.5 au, and diameter of D > 10 km (absolute magnitude H

r
< 13.7 for a 6% albedo). This is consistent with 15 actual OSSOS Centaur detections with H

r
 < 13.7. The population of Centaurs is estimated to be 21,000 ± 8000 for D > 10 km. The inner scattered disk at 50 < a < 200 au should contain (2.0 ± 0.8) × 107
D > 10 km bodies and the Oort cloud should contain (5.0 ± 1.9) × 108
D > 10 km comets. Population estimates for different diameter cutoffs can be obtained from the size distribution of Jupiter trojans (N(>D) ∝ D
−2.1 for 5 < D < 100 km). We discuss model predictions for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope observations of Centaurs.
New Star Observations with NuSTAR: Flares from Young Stellar Objects in the ρ Ophiuchi Cloud Complex in Hard X-Rays
Authors: Vievering Juliana T. , Glesener Lindsay , Grefenstette Brian W. , Smith David M.
Published: September 2019

We study the structure and dynamics of extreme flaring events on young stellar objects (YSOs) observed in hard X-rays by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). During 2015 and 2016, NuSTAR made three observations of the star-forming region ρ Ophiuchi, each with an exposure ∼50 ks. NuSTAR offers unprecedented sensitivity above ∼7 keV, making this data set the first of its kind. Through improved coverage of hard X-rays, it is finally possible to directly measure the high-energy thermal continuum for hot plasmas and to sensitively search for evidence of nonthermal emission from YSO flares. During these observations, multiple flares were observed, and spectral and timing analyses were performed on three of the brightest flares. By fitting an optically thin thermal plasma model to each of these events, we found flare plasma heated to high temperatures (∼40−80 MK) and determined that these events are ∼1000 times brighter than the brightest flares observed on the Sun. Two of the studied flares showed excess emission at 6.4 keV, and this excess may be attributable to iron fluorescence in the circumstellar disk. No clear evidence for a nonthermal component was observed, but upper limits on nonthermal emission allow for enough nonthermal energy to account for the estimated thermal energy in the flare on protostar IRS 43, which is consistent with the standard model for solar and stellar flares.
HSC16aayt: A Slowly Evolving Interacting Transient Rising for More than 100 Days
Authors: Moriya Takashi J. , Tanaka Masaomi , Morokuma Tomoki , Pan Yen-Chen , Quimby Robert M. , Jiang Ji-an , Kawana Kojiro , Maeda Keiichi , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Suzuki Nao , Takahashi Ichiro , Tanaka Masayuki , Tominaga Nozomu , Yamaguchi Masaki , Yasuda Naoki , Cooke Jeff , Curtin Chris , Galbany Lluís , González-Gaitán Santiago , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Pignata Giuliano , Pritchard Tyler
Published: September 2019

We report our observations of HSC16aayt (SN 2016jiu), which was discovered by the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) transient survey conducted as part of the Subaru Strategic Program. It shows very slow photometric evolution and its rise time is more than 100 days. The optical magnitude change in 400 days remains within 0.6 mag. Spectra of HSC16aayt show a strong narrow emission line and we classify it as a Type IIn supernova. The redshift of HSC16aayt is 0.6814 ± 0.0002 from the spectra. Its host galaxy center is at 5 kpc from the supernova location and HSC16aayt might be another example of isolated Type IIn supernovae, although the possible existence of underlying star-forming activity of the host galaxy at the supernova location is not excluded.
Observational Signature of Circumstellar Interaction and 56Ni-mixing in the Type II Supernova 2016gfy
Authors: Singh Avinash , Kumar Brajesh , Moriya Takashi J. , Anupama G. C. , Sahu D. K. , Brown Peter J. , Andrews Jennifer E. , Smith Nathan
Published: September 2019

The optical and ultraviolet broadband photometric and spectroscopic observations of the Type II supernova (SN) 2016gfy are presented. The V-band light curve (LC) shows a distinct plateau phase with a slope of s
2 ∼ 0.12 mag (100 day)−1 and a duration of 90 ± 5 days. Detailed analysis of SN 2016gfy provided a mean 56Ni mass of 0.033 ± 0.003 M
⊙, a progenitor radius of ∼350–700 R
⊙, a progenitor mass of ∼12–15 M
⊙, and an explosion energy of (0.9–1.4) × 1051 erg s−1. The P-Cygni profile of Hα in the early-phase spectra (∼11–21 days) shows a boxy emission. Assuming that this profile arises from the interaction of the SN ejecta with the pre-existing circumstellar material (CSM), it is inferred that the progenitor underwent a recent episode (30–80 yr prior to the explosion) of enhanced mass loss. Numerical modeling suggests that the early LC peak is reproduced better with an existing CSM of 0.15 M
⊙ spread out to ∼70 au. A late-plateau bump is seen in the VRI LCs during ∼50–95 days. This bump is explained as a result of the CSM interaction and/or partial mixing of radioactive 56Ni in the SN ejecta. Using strong-line diagnostics, a subsolar oxygen abundance is estimated for the supernova H ii region (12 + log(O/H) = 8.50 ± 0.11), indicating an average metallicity for the host of an SN II. A star formation rate of ∼8.5 M
⊙ yr−1 is estimated for NGC 2276 using the archival GALEX FUV data.
Dynamics of Multiple Bodies in a Corotation Resonance: Conserved Quantities and Relevance to Ring Arcs
Authors: A’Hearn Joseph A. , Hedman Matthew M. , El Moutamid Maryame
Published: September 2019

The interactions among objects in a mean motion resonance are important for the orbital evolution of satellites and rings, especially Saturn’s ring arcs and associated moons. In this work, we examine interactions among massive bodies in the same corotation eccentricity resonance site that affect the orbital evolution of those bodies using numerical simulations. During these simulations, the bodies exchange angular momentum and energy during close encounters, altering their orbits. This energy exchange, however, does not mean that one body necessarily moves closer to exact corotation when the other moves away from it. Indeed, if one object moves toward one of these sites, the other object is equally likely to move toward or away from it. This happens because the timescale of these close encounters is short compared to the synodic period between these particles and the secondary mass (i.e., the timescale where corotation sites can be treated as potential maxima). Because the timescale of a gravitational encounter is comparable to the timescale of a collision, we could expect energy to be exchanged in a similar way for collisional interactions. In that case, these findings could be relevant for denser systems like the arcs in Neptune’s Adams ring and how they can be maintained in the face of frequent inelastic collisions.
Measuring the Obscuring Column of a Disk Megamaser AGN in a Nearby Merger
Authors: Masini A. , Comastri A. , Hickox R. C. , Koss M. , Civano F. , Brigthman M. , Brusa M. , Lanzuisi G.
Published: September 2019

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) hosting disk water megamasers are well known to be obscured by large amounts of gas, likely due to the presence along the line of sight of an almost edge-on disky structure orbiting the supermassive black hole. Correcting for the high obscuration is crucial to infer parameters intrinsic to the source, like its luminosity. We present a broadband X-ray spectral analysis of a water megamaser AGN in an early merger (NGC 5765B), combining Chandra and NuSTAR data. NGC 5765B is highly Compton-thick and reflection-dominated, following the general trend among disk megamasers. Combining the exquisite black hole mass from masers with our X-ray spectroscopy, the Eddington ratio of the megamaser is estimated to be in the 2%–14% range, and its robustness is confirmed through SED fitting.
Impact of Accretion Flow Dynamics on Gas-dynamical Black Hole Mass Estimates
Authors: Jeter Britton , Broderick Avery E. , McNamara B. R.
Published: September 2019

At low redshift, the majority of supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass estimates are obtained from modeling stellar kinematics or ionized gas dynamics in the vicinity of the galaxy nucleus. For large early type galaxies, stellar kinematics models predict higher masses than gas-dynamical models. In the case of M87, this discrepancy is larger than 2σ. Critical to gas-dynamical modeling is the assumed underlying dynamical state of the gas: that it lies on circular Keplerian orbits, potentially with some additional turbulent pressure support. This is inconsistent with models of the gas flow about low-accretion-rate SMBHs and at odds with observations of the Galactic Center. We present a simple model for non-Keplerian gas disks and explore their implications for SMBH mass measurements. We show that a larger central black hole with gas experiencing small amounts of sub-Keplerian motion can produce velocity curves similar to models that just contain circular Keplerian motions and a lower black hole mass. However, these non-Keplerian models are distinguishable from low-mass Keplerian models primarily through measurements of the velocity dispersion, wherein non-Keplerian models produce higher and narrower peak dispersions. Away from the galaxy center, but still within the circumnuclear gas disk, non-Keplerian models also become distinguishable from Keplerian models via a shift in the velocity curve. The velocity model presented in this paper is capable of resolving the discrepancy between the ionized gas dynamics and stellar kinematics mass estimates, and is applicable to gas-dynamical mass estimates of SMBHs in general.
Nonlinear Evolution of the Whistler Heat Flux Instability
Authors: Kuzichev Ilya V. , Vasko Ivan Y. , Soto-Chavez Angel Rualdo , Tong Yuguang , Artemyev Anton V. , Bale Stuart D. , Spitkovsky Anatoly
Published: September 2019

We use the one-dimensional TRISTAN-MP particle-in-cell code to model the nonlinear evolution of the whistler heat flux instability (WHFI) that was proposed by Gary et al. and Gary & Li to regulate the electron heat flux in the solar wind and astrophysical plasmas. The simulations are initialized with electron velocity distribution functions typical for the solar wind. We perform a set of simulations at various initial values of the electron heat flux and β

e
. The simulations show that parallel whistler waves produced by the WHFI saturate at amplitudes consistent with the spacecraft measurements. The simulations also reproduce the correlations of the saturated whistler wave amplitude with the electron heat flux and β

e
revealed in the spacecraft measurements. The major result is that parallel whistler waves produced by the WHFI do not significantly suppress the electron heat flux. The presented simulations indicate that coherent parallel whistler waves observed in the solar wind are unlikely to regulate the heat flux of solar wind electrons.
Spectral Magnetic Helicity of Solar Active Regions between 2006 and 2017
Authors: Gosain Sanjay , Brandenburg Axel
Published: September 2019

We compute magnetic helicity and energy spectra from about 2485 patches of about 100 Mm side length on the solar surface using data from Hinode during 2006–2017. An extensive database is assembled where we list the magnetic energy and helicity, large- and small-scale magnetic helicity, mean current helicity density, fractional magnetic helicity, and correlation length along with the Hinode map identification number (MapID), as well as the Carrington latitude and longitude for each MapID. While there are departures from the hemispheric sign rule for magnetic and current helicities, the weak trend reported here is in agreement with the previous results. This is argued to be a physical effect associated with the dominance of individual active regions that contribute more strongly in the better-resolved Hinode maps. In comparison with earlier work, the typical correlation length is found to be 6–

, while the length scale relating the magnetic and current helicities to each other is around

.
An Exo–Kuiper Belt with an Extended Halo around HD 191089 in Scattered Light
Authors: Ren 彬 任 Bin , Choquet Élodie , Perrin Marshall D. , Duchêne Gaspard , Debes John H. , Pueyo Laurent , Rice Malena , Chen Christine , Schneider Glenn , Esposito Thomas M. , Poteet Charles A. , Wang Jason J. , Ammons S. Mark , Ansdell Megan , Arriaga Pauline , Bailey Vanessa P. , Barman Travis , Bruzzone Juan Sebastián , Bulger Joanna , Chilcote Jeffrey , Cotten Tara , De Rosa Robert J. , Doyon Rene , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Follette Katherine B. , Goodsell Stephen J. , Gerard Benjamin L. , Graham James R. , Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Hagan J. Brendan , Hibon Pascale , Hines Dean C. , Hung Li-Wei , Ingraham Patrick , Kalas Paul , Konopacky Quinn , Larkin James E. , Macintosh Bruce , Maire Jérôme , Marchis Franck , Marois Christian , Mazoyer Johan , Ménard François , Metchev Stanimir , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Mittal Tushar , Moerchen Margaret , Nielsen Eric L. , N’Diaye Mamadou , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Palmer David , Patience Jennifer , Pinte Christophe , Poyneer Lisa , Rajan Abhijith , Rameau Julien , Rantakyrö Fredrik T. , Ruffio Jean-Baptiste , Ryan Dominic , Savransky Dmitry , Schneider Adam C. , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Song Inseok , Soummer Rémi , Stark Christopher , Thomas Sandrine , Vigan Arthur , Wallace J. Kent , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Wiktorowicz Sloane , Wolff Schuyler , Ygouf Marie , Norman Colin
Published: September 2019

We have obtained Hubble Space Telescope STIS and NICMOS and Gemini/GPI scattered-light images of the HD 191089 debris disk. We identify two spatial components: a ring resembling the Kuiper Belt in radial extent (FWHM ∼ 25 au, centered at ∼46 au) and a halo extending to ∼640 au. We find that the halo is significantly bluer than the ring, consistent with the scenario that the ring serves as the “birth ring” for the smaller dust in the halo. We measure the scattering phase functions in the 30°–150° scattering-angle range and find that the halo dust is more forward- and backward-scattering than the ring dust. We measure a surface density power-law index of −0.68 ± 0.04 for the halo, which indicates the slowdown of the radial outward motion of the dust. Using radiative transfer modeling, we attempt to simultaneously reproduce the (visible) total and (near-infrared) polarized intensity images of the birth ring. Our modeling leads to mutually inconsistent results, indicating that more complex models, such as the inclusion of more realistic aggregate particles, are needed.
Galactic Gas Flows from Halo to Disk: Tomography and Kinematics at the Milky Way’s Disk–Halo Interface
Authors: Bish Hannah V. , Werk Jessica K. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Rubin Kate H. R. , Zheng Yong , O’Meara John M. , Deason Alis J.
Published: September 2019

We present a novel absorption-line survey using 54 blue horizontal branch stars in the Milky Way halo as background sources for detecting gas flows at the disk–halo interface. Distance measurements to high-latitude (b > 60°) background stars at 3.1–13.4 kpc, combined with unprecedented spatial sampling and spectral resolution, allow us to examine the 3D spatial distribution and kinematics of gas flows near the disk. We detect absorption signatures of extraplanar Ca ii and Na i in Keck HIRES spectra and find that their column densities exhibit no trend with distance to the background sources, indicating that these clouds lie within 3.1 kpc of the disk. We calculate covering fractions of f
Ca ii
 = 63%, f
Na i
 = 26%, and f
H i
 = 52%, consistent with a picture of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) that includes multiphase clouds containing small clumps of cool gas within hotter, more diffuse gas. Our measurements constrain the scale of any substructure within these cool clouds to <0.5 kpc. Ca ii and Na i absorption features exhibit an intermediate-velocity (IV) component inflowing at velocities of −75 km s−1 <v < −25 km s−1 relative to the local standard of rest, consistent with previously studied H i structures in this region. We report the new detection of an inflow velocity gradient Δv

z
 ∼ 6–9 km s−1 kpc−1 across the Galactic plane. These findings place constraints on the physical and kinematic properties of CGM gas flows through the disk–halo interface and support a galactic fountain model in which cold gas rains back onto the disk.
MAGPHYS+photo-z: Constraining the Physical Properties of Galaxies with Unknown Redshifts
Authors: Battisti A. J. , da Cunha E. , Grasha K. , Salvato M. , Daddi E. , Davies L. , Jin S. , Liu D. , Schinnerer E. , Vaccari M. ,   (COSMOS Collaboration)
Published: September 2019

We present an enhanced version of the multiwavelength spectral modeling code MAGPHYS that allows the estimation of galaxy photometric redshift and physical properties (e.g., stellar mass, star formation rate, dust attenuation) simultaneously, together with robust characterization of their uncertainties. The self-consistent modeling over ultraviolet to radio wavelengths in MAGPHYS+photo-z is unique compared to standard photometric redshift codes. The broader wavelength consideration is particularly useful for breaking certain degeneracies in color versus redshift for dusty galaxies with limited observer-frame ultraviolet and optical data (or upper limits). We demonstrate the success of the code in estimating redshifts and physical properties for over 4000 infrared-detected galaxies at 0.4 < z < 6.0 in the COSMOS field with robust spectroscopic redshifts. We achieve high photo-z precision (

), high accuracy (i.e., minimal offset biases; median(Δz/(1 + z
spec)) ≲ 0.02), and low catastrophic failure rates (η ≃ 4%) over all redshifts. Interestingly, we find that a weak 2175 Å absorption feature in the attenuation curve models is required to remove a subtle systematic z
phot offset (

) that occurs when this feature is not included. As expected, the accuracy of derived physical properties in MAGPHYS+photo-z decreases strongly as redshift uncertainty increases. The all-in-one treatment of uncertainties afforded with this code is beneficial for accurately interpreting physical properties of galaxies in large photometric data sets. Finally, we emphasize that MAGPHYS+photo-z is not intended to replace existing photo-z codes, but rather offers flexibility to robustly interpret physical properties when spectroscopic redshifts are unavailable. The MAGPHYS+photo-z code is publicly available online.
Interstellar Neutral Helium in the Heliosphere from IBEX Observations. VI. The He+ Density and the Ionization State in the Very Local Interstellar Matter
Authors: Bzowski M. , Czechowski A. , Frisch P. C. , Fuselier S. A. , Galli A. , Grygorczuk J. , Heerikhuisen J. , Kubiak M. A. , Kucharek H. , McComas D. J. , Möbius E. , Schwadron N. A. , Slavin J. , Sokół J. M. , Swaczyna P. , Wurz P. , Zirnstein E. J.
Published: September 2019

Interstellar neutral gas atoms penetrate the heliopause and reach 1 au, where they are detected by Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX). The flow of neutral interstellar helium through the perturbed interstellar plasma in the outer heliosheath (OHS) results in the creation of a secondary population of interstellar He atoms, the so-called Warm Breeze, due to charge exchange with perturbed ions. The secondary population brings the imprint of the OHS conditions to the IBEX-Lo instrument. Based on a global simulation of the heliosphere with measurement-based parameters and detailed kinetic simulation of the filtration of He in the OHS, we find the number density of the interstellar He+ population to be (8.98 ± 0.12) × 10−3 cm−3. With this, we obtain the absolute density of interstellar H+ as 5.4 × 10−2 cm−3 and that of electrons as 6.3 × 10−2 cm−3, with ionization degrees of 0.26 for H and 0.37 for He. The results agree with estimates of the parameters of the Very Local Interstellar Matter obtained from fitting the observed spectra of diffuse interstellar EUV and the soft X-ray background.
Measuring the Magnetic Field of Young Stars Using iSHELL Observations: BP Tau and V347 Aur
Authors: Flores C. , Connelley M. S. , Reipurth B. , Boogert A.
Published: September 2019

While it has been suggested that there is a connection between the magnetic properties and the internal structure of young stars, there have not been enough magnetic measurements to firmly establish such a correlation at the earliest ages. Here, we contribute to this endeavor by presenting stellar parameters and magnetic field strength measurements of BP Tau and V347 Aur, both stars observed with the near-infrared spectrograph iSHELL. We first test the accuracy of our method by fitting synthetic stellar spectra to a sample of nine main and post-main-sequence stars. We report uncertainties of

 = 91 K in temperature and

 = 0.14 in gravity. We then apply the modeling technique to BP Tau and measure a surface magnetic field strength of

=

kG, confirming literature results. For this star, however, we obtain a much lower temperature value than previous optical studies (

K) and interpret this significant temperature difference as due to the relatively higher impact of starspots at near-infrared wavelengths than at optical wavelengths. We further apply this technique to the class I protostellar source V347 Aur and measure for the first time its magnetic field strength

kG and its surface gravity log g = 3.25

. Lastly, we combine our measurements with pre-main-sequence stellar evolutionary models and illustrate the effects produced by starspots on the retrieved masses and ages of young stars.
Forming One of the Most Massive Objects in the Universe: The Quadruple Merger in Abell 1758
Authors: Schellenberger G. , David L. , O’Sullivan E. , Vrtilek J. M. , Haines C. P.
Published: September 2019

The system A1758 is made up of two galaxy clusters, a more massive, northern cluster and a southern cluster. Both parts are undergoing major merger events at different stages. Although the mass of the merger constituents provides enough energy to produce visible shock fronts in the X-ray, none have been found to date. We present detailed temperature and abundance maps based on Chandra ACIS data and identify several candidates for shocks and cold fronts from a smoothed gradient map of the surface brightness. One candidate can be confirmed as the missing shock front in the northern cluster through X-ray spectroscopy. Nonthermal radio emission observed with the GMRT confirms the presence of radio halos in the northern and southern clusters and shows evidence for a relic in the periphery of the southern cluster. We do not find evidence for shocked gas between A1758 N and A1758 S.
L’histoire de l’enfant confié : album de vie ou projet pour l’enfant ?
Authors: Chapon Nathalie
Published: September 2019

De nombreux chercheurs reconnaissent que l’enfant confié doit avoir accès à son histoire, connaître ses origines, son parcours institutionnel. Que ce soit l’album de vie ou le ppe , ces deux outils ont été pensés et diffusés il y a plus de quinze ans, afin d’apporter des éléments de réponse. Qu’en est-il de leur application aujourd’hui ?
Communication et polyhandicap
Authors: Postdam Sylvie , Varailhon Fanina
Published: September 2019

Dans le cadre de l’accompagnement d’un usager par le sessad , en binôme ergothérapeute-psychologue, nous avons proposé des séances de travail à Cylia, adolescente polyhandicapée, pendant cinq années, autour du développement de la communication. Cylia communique mais n’utilise pas de code, ni établi par elle ni conventionnel. Cette situation « entre deux » nous a laissées, en tant que professionnelles, dans un espace souvent incertain et nous a interrogées sur la définition du travail de développement de la communication auprès du public polyhandicapé.
Communiquer pour exister
Authors: Bertin Marie-Christine
Published: September 2019

Aider les personnes en situation de polyhandicap, qui n’ont pas accès au symbolique, à développer leurs propres moyens de communication est essentiel pour permettre à chacune de pouvoir agir sur le cours de sa vie et de ne plus être totalement dépendante. Communiquer permet de s’exprimer, d’engager un dialogue et ainsi une relation où chacun peut s’imposer, faire des propositions et être entendu et respecté. Mais ce dialogue peut aussi nous aider à comprendre l’origine de certains troubles du comportement afin d’adapter nos accompagnements au plus près de la réalité de la personne.
Par-dessus l’épaule
Authors: Bosc Patrice
Published: September 2019

Ce texte, suscité par l’écoute d’une chanson anglaise, décrit une impossibilité de représentation, l’absence de regard. Rémy Puyuelo m’en donnait une métaphore possible par le biais du tableau de Magritte La reproduction interdite , représentant Edward James, dont seul le dos est reflété par le miroir : la reproduction interdite par la mise en abîme et la représentation mortifère du même, dont le visage est caché ou absent.
Les treize postulats de l’innovation publique : identification et discussion dans le champ de la santé
Authors: Boukamel Owen , Emery Yves
Published: September 2019

Cet article vise à identifier et discuter les postulats véhiculés par la littérature sur l’innovation dans le secteur public. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux organisations de santé. En se basant sur une revue de la littérature (98 études) sur l’innovation publique, treize postulats – affirmations sans preuve empirique – ont été identifiés. Ils portent sur la désirabilité de l’innovation et sur sa raison d’être (le pourquoi de l’innovation), sur sa nature (le quoi ), sur son contexte (le où et le quand ), et sur ses méthodes de développement (le comment et avec qui ). Ces postulats se retrouvent dans la plupart des études analysées, que celles-ci soient consacrées au champ de la santé ou non. Or, le champ de la santé présente des spécificités qui mettent en doute la pertinence de ces postulats. C’est pourquoi ces derniers sont discutés à la lumière de ce champ. Codes JEL : H190
Gouvernance et accompagnement du changement : le cas de la phase expérimentale du Plan Alzheimer du Québec
Authors: Guillette Maxime , Couturier Yves , Moreau Olivier , Gagnon Dominique , Bergman Howard , Vedel Isabelle
Published: September 2019

Les écrits scientifiques montrent que l’implantation des politiques visant la transformation des systèmes sociosanitaires est souvent freinée en raison d’une forte centralisation de la gouvernance et d’un manque d’accompagnement du changement. Cet article propose une analyse de l’implantation du Plan Alzheimer du Québec, caractérisé par la décentralisation de responsabilités aux acteurs locaux et par la mise en place d’un important dispositif d’accompagnement du changement. L’analyse découle de huit entretiens réalisés auprès d’acteurs ayant exercé des fonctions aux niveaux national et régional, ainsi que 15 focus groups regroupant des cliniciens et des gestionnaires. Les résultats montrent l’importance de la bonne articulation entre les divers paliers de gouvernance et la nécessité de mettre en place des dispositifs d’accompagnement du changement, dès la phase de conception de l’innovation, afin de favoriser l’équilibre entre l’adaptation des changements aux réalités locales et le respect des principes fondamentaux qui guident la politique. Codes JEL : I80
Vers un management des tensions de gouvernance publique dans les établissements de santé ?
Authors: Mériade Laurent , Rochette Corinne , Talbot Damien
Published: September 2019

Des tensions de gouvernance publique (TGP) sont, depuis une vingtaine d’années, particulièrement apparentes dans les établissements de santé français. Mazouz, Tardif (2010) ont proposé un cadre explicatif de ces tensions à quatre niveaux d’analyse qui portent sur les institutions, l’organisation, le cadre de gestion et les outils de gestion. En revanche, ce modèle fournit peu d’explications sur la manière dont ces tensions apparaissent. L’objet de cet article est de combler ce manque en cherchant à identifier les facteurs d’apparition, voire de gestion, des TGP dans les établissements de santé en France. Pour cela, nous mobilisons les travaux de l’École de la Proximité qui reposent sur l’affirmation que plus les acteurs sont proches, plus la probabilité qu’ils interagissent est forte. Nous appliquons ces deux cadres d’analyse au cas d’un Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer français. Nos premiers résultats suggèrent des pistes de compréhension de l’apparition de ces tensions à partir de proximités propres aux établissements de santé. Codes JEL : I1, M1
Innovations en santé, dispositifs expérimentaux et changement social : un renouvellement par le bas de l’action publique locale de santé
Authors: Haschar-Noé Nadine , Basson Jean-Charles
Published: September 2019

L’évolution des modes d’action publique en santé est réaffirmée dans la loi de 2016 et la Stratégie nationale de santé par la place importante accordée à l’innovation, l’expérimentation-évaluation et la démocratie sanitaire. Lauréate d’un appel à projets du Ministère portant sur l’accompagnement à l’autonomie en santé (2017-2021), La Case de Santé de Toulouse, composée d’un Centre de santé de premier recours et d’un Pôle Santé-Droits, met en œuvre des dispositifs et pratiques de médiation à même de cristalliser les problématiques sociales et sanitaires des populations les plus vulnérables. Les médiateur.trice.s contribuent à construire les conditions favorables à des innovations selon une dynamique ascendante, collective et participative ancrée dans son contexte local et une version démocratique de la santé. Ce faisant, ils.elles combinent une posture professionnelle fondée sur les critères éthiques de la médiation et un positionnement politique à visée de changement social construit sur un retournement de la commande institutionnelle. Codes JEL : I140
Innovation en santé conduite par les médecins et infirmières : l’approche du design participatif à l’hôpital
Authors: Grosjean Sylvie , Bonneville Luc , Marrast Philippe
Published: September 2019

L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer la manière dont les professionnels de la santé contribuent à la conception d’une technologie en santé et d’identifier les éléments qui soulignent la pertinence d’une approche de design participatif dans ce contexte. Pour cela, notre réflexion prend appui sur un projet de conception d’une technologie en santé par les médecins et les infirmiers/ières qui a pour but de les aider à gérer les surcharges informationnelle, communicationnelle et cognitive à l’hôpital. Nous proposons dans cet article un retour réflexif sur cette approche de design participatif. Pour ce faire, nous examinerons l’engagement des professionnels dans la production d’une analyse de leur activité clinique et de leurs pratiques informationnelles, le tout participant au développement d’une technologie ( Machine Learning ) qui contribuera à réduire les différentes formes de surcharge qu’ils doivent quotidiennement gérer. Codes JEL : Y800, I190
Le prix de l’innovation : capacités des opérateurs et réception des programmes de lutte contre la sédentarité
Authors: Honta Marina , Illivi Frédéric
Published: September 2019

Les agents territoriaux de l’administration du ministère des Sports et de celui de la Santé sont chargés de mettre en œuvre le plan « Sport, Santé, Bien-être ». Ciblant les publics éloignés de la pratique et les patients atteints d’affection de longue durée, ces professionnels doivent mobiliser des acteurs locaux afin qu’ils promeuvent de nouveaux services destinés à répondre aux besoins sanitaires non couverts en ce domaine. Les résultats issus de l’enquête menée dans une région française au moyen d’entretiens semi-directifs (87) réalisés auprès des acteurs impliqués dans le déploiement de ce plan de santé publique montrent que cette entreprise consistant à innover n’est en rien évidente. Si l’accord sur les finalités, l’ancrage local et partenarial des projets élaborés et l’existence de règles novatrices en constituent des ressorts indispensables, l’institutionnalisation de l’innovation exige aussi des prestataires qu’ils parviennent à gérer les coûts qu’elle fait émerger. Codes JEL : I18
L’innovation avec le patient : un renouvellement par le design organisationnel
Authors: Kletz Frédéric , Marcellin Olivier
Published: September 2019

Dans un contexte de profondes transformations et de recherche d’innovations dans l’organisation du système de santé, la problématique de la place du patient se pose de manière de plus en plus centrale. De multiples travaux se sont développés sur la question, mais rares sont les recherches s’intéressant aux conditions organisationnelles d’intégration des patients dans la construction de solutions innovantes. Or, de nouvelles approches, en rupture par rapport aux approches classiques, commencent à émerger autour, notamment, de la notion de living lab . L’article s’intéresse, à travers l’analyse des fondements théoriques de l’implication des patients et d’une étude de cas, complétée par des éclairages venus d’autres expérimentations, à la façon dont l’invention d’une organisation qui s’alimente du savoir expérientiel des patients peut amener à l’émergence de scénarios innovants pour le système de santé et pour les collectivités en charge de la mise en œuvre de programmes de santé dans les territoires. Codes JEL : I, O3
Effect of Parameters on the Mechanical Behavior of Core Strands: Experimental, Numerical and Statistical Study
Authors: Jikal Abdeljalil , Chaffoui Hassan , El Ghorba Mohamed
Published: September 2019

The cables are widely used in mechanical, electrical and civil engineering applications, as they are flexible and highly resistant. In this paper, the behavior of the elastic limit of straight central core strands is studied. In this study, we focus on the elastic limit’s behavior of straight central core strands. That is, we investigate 27 cores with different configurations. They generally consist of 7 wires (1+6) belonging to wire ropes of type 19x7 subjected to static axial loads. The numerical study is performed using finite element method (FEM). The main results are compared with experimental data. Finally, to determinate the impact of three parameters: the basic material constituting the strands, the winding angle of wires and the diameter of strands on the yield strength of the core strands, we apply a design of experiments (DOE) analysis by YATES’ method.
Simplified Micro-Mechanical Approach for Coated Viscoelastic Inclusion
Authors: Boulhafa Elmahdi , Redouane Kouddane , Ouadfel Hamza , Cheikh Rachid , Abbadi M.
Published: September 2019

The present work deals with the analytical resolution of the problem of viscoelastic coated inclusion embedded in a viscoelastic matrix.In a first step, we will study the problem of a linear viscoelastic inclusion, without coating, embedded in a linear viscoelastic matrix.Then, the problem of coated viscoelastic inclusion considering the coating as a thin layer whose viscoelastic properties are different from those of the inclusion and the matrix is performed.The resolution of this problem will be based simultaneously on the Green function technique as well as the interface operator. The analytical expression of the solution is obtained by assuming the isotropy of the matrix as well as the spherical shape of the coatedinclusion.These results are used to determine the effective properties of a heterogeneous medium from a self-consistent approach taking into accountthe interactions between coated inclusions and the equivalent homogeneous medium.
Prediction of the Lifetime of the Chlorinated PVC Thermoplastic Material Subjected to Thermomechanical Tests - Tensile Test under the Influence of Temperature
Authors: Gugouch Fatima , Sandabad Sara , Mouhib Nadia , El Ghorba Mohamed
Published: September 2019

In this paper we are studying the effects of temperatures ranging from-10 to 70°C of behavior on chlorinated PVC (CPVC), whose direct consequences are the strong modifications of the mechanical and physical characteristics of this polymer [1]. The purpose of this paper is to predict the damage of non-weld CPVC, based on simple tensile tests on non weld specimens. Thereafter and with the establishment of the relation Damage-Reliability, the critical life fraction βc is identified that predicts the time at which the damage becomes sudden and it is necessary to calculate the reliability and predictive maintenance of the system.
Reliability Analysis of a Pre-Cracked Structure in Accidental Operation Conditions
Authors: Belyamna Mohammed Amine , Guedri Abdelmoumene , Boutelidja Racim
Published: September 2019

Evaluating the integrity of a structure consists in proving its ability to realize its mechanical functions for all modes of loading, normal or accidental, and throughout its lifetime. In the context of nuclear safety, the most important structures consider the presence of a degradation grouping several aspects, such as cracks. In this context, the fracture mechanics provide the tools needed to analyze cracked components. Its purpose is to establish break criteria for judging loading margins in normal or accidental operating conditions. The seismic load is one of the dominant loads for the failure assessment of the pipes. Its probabilistic dispersion, however, was not taken into account in the past probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis. The objective of this paper is to simulate and analyze the effect of abnormal stress on the reliability of tow pipe sizes. As result the seismic stress has more effect on the break probability, but not for the leak probability. In the case without a seismic load, the break probability is mainly dominated by an initial crack size. The earthquake has much effect on the break probability for the large diameter pipe, not for the small diameter pipe. In the large diameter pipe, the break probability increases gradually with the time. The leak probability of both pipe sizes is not affected by the seismic curve.
Modeling and Numerical Simulation of the Cracking of a Diamond-Coated Cutting Tool during Machining
Authors: Bounif Khaled , Abbadi M. , Atlati Samir , Nouari Mohammed , Selvam R.
Published: September 2019

During the dry machining operation, the cutting tool is constantly subjected to extreme conditions in terms of thermal and mechanical stresses at the tool-chip interface. Indeed, the high temperature and the large plastic deformation affect and particularly accelerate the degradation of the state of the coating of the cutting tool. Thus, it becomes essential to predict the initiation and propagation of a crack in a coated tool. This makes it possible to optimize the cutting and loading conditions in order to improve the efficiency of the coating used and consequently the service life of the cutting tools.In this work, a finite element calculation code "ABAQUS / STANDARD" was used to study and analyze the cracking of a diamond-coated cutting tool. In this sense, we proposed to combine two methods often used to study the discontinuity at the tool-chip and coating-substrate interface. These are respectively the extended finite element method (XFEM) method and the cohesive element method. In addition, a parametric study on the impact of beak radius on cracking was performed to optimize this parameter.
Effect of Corrosive Environment Conditions on Austenitic Structure Reliability
Authors: Boutelidja Racim , Merzoug Bachir , Guedri Abdelmoumene , Djebbar Yassine
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the work is based on the application of probabilistic fracture mechanics models (PFM) to predict the reliability of nuclear reactors pipes under pressure. Cracking simulation of a stainless steel piping under the conditions of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IG-SCC) is based on the general methodology recommended in the modified software M-PRAISE. IG-SCC is characterized by a unique damage parameter depending on residual stresses, environmental conditions, and sensitization degree. This parameter can be used to evaluate the structural reliability and identify the majority of efficient approaches to improve the piping reliability: effect of a corrosive medium on the reliability, which is analyzed in this present work.
Development and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite-Alumina Biocomposites for Orthopedic Implants
Authors: Es-Saddik Mohammed , Laasri Said , Mohammed Taha , Laghzizil Abdelaziz , Hajjaji Abdelowahed , Hlil Elkebir
Published: September 2019

Hydroxyapatite-Alumina composite powders, HAP-Al2O3, for biomedical applications were synthesized by neutralization method. Composites with different alumina content were prepared and calcined over the temperature range of 900-1300°C for 3 h. Effects of alumina content and calcination on the structural properties of powders were studied. The as-received powders and ceramics were characterized by various techniques (XRD, IR, SEM, TEM). Compressive strength of ceramics was determined using direct compressing. Results indicate that both crystallinity of the HAp-Al2O3 powders and the compressive strength increased with the temperature of calcination, but depending of the alumina content where the formation of β-TCP phase as secondary phase is detected after heat treatment. We notice that HAp-10Al2O3 offers the best mechanical strengths that can be improved by a high calcination temperature.