bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Dose Subcutaneous Immunoglobulins for the Treatment of Severe Treatment-Resistant Polymyositis
Authors: Patrick Cherin , Jean-Christophe Delain , Jean-Charles Crave , Odile Cartry
Published: July 2014

Polymyositis is a rare debilitating condition characterized by chronic inflammation and muscle weakness. Standard treatments include corticosteroids and immunosuppressants; however, resistance to these regimens may develop. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) are thus recommended for patients with drug-resistant polymyositis. The patient presented a resistant polymyositis with severe muscle weakness, increasing dysphagia, and significant loss in weight. Subcutaneous immunoglobulins (SCIg) were initiated after failure of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs. SCIg was given twice per week (2 then 1.3 g/kg/month). Clinical recovery was observed within 2 months after the SCIg initiation. After several injections, the patient showed a progressive improvement in muscle strength. Serum creatine kinase activity decreased to normal levels, and dysphagia was resolved. The SC injections were generally well tolerated and good patient satisfaction was reported. This promising observation suggests that SCIg may be useful in active and refractory polymyositis.
Role of Microglia Adenosine A2AReceptors in Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Santiago Ana R. , Baptista Filipa I. , Santos Paulo F. , Cristóvão Gonçalo , Ambrósio António F. , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Gomes Catarina A.
Published: July 2014

Neuroinflammation mediated by microglial cells in the brain has been commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Whether this microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is cause or consequence of neurodegeneration is still a matter of controversy. However, it is unequivocal that chronic neuroinflammation plays a role in disease progression and halting that process represents a potential therapeutic strategy. The neuromodulator adenosine emerges as a promising targeting candidate based on its ability to regulate microglial proliferation, chemotaxis, and reactivity through the activation of its G protein coupledA2Areceptor (A2AR). This is in striking agreement with the ability ofA2ARblockade to control several brain diseases. Retinal degenerative diseases have been also associated with microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, but the role ofA2ARhas been scarcely explored. This review aims to compare inflammatory features of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases with glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, discussing the therapeutic potential ofA2ARin these degenerative conditions.
A Novel Plant Root Foraging Algorithm for Image Segmentation Problems
Authors: Ma Lianbo , Hu Kunyuan , Zhu Yunlong , Chen Hanning , He Maowei
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a new type of biologically‐inspired global optimization methodology for image segmentation based on plant root foraging behavior, namely, artificial root foraging algorithm (ARFO). The essential motive of ARFO is to imitate the significant characteristics of plant root foraging behavior including branching, regrowing, and tropisms for constructing a heuristic algorithm for multidimensional and multimodal problems. A mathematical model is firstly designed to abstract various plant root foraging patterns. Then, the basic process of ARFO algorithm derived in the model is described in details. When tested against ten benchmark functions, ARFO shows the superiority to other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms on several benchmark functions. Further, we employed the ARFO algorithm to deal with multilevel threshold image segmentation problem. Experimental results of the new algorithm on a variety of images demonstrated the suitability of the proposed method for solving such problem.
Event-Based User Classification in Weibo Media
Authors: Guo Liang , Wang Wendong , Cheng Shiduan , Que Xirong
Published: July 2014

Weibo media, known as the real-time microblogging services, has attracted massive attention and support from social network users. Weibo platform offers an opportunity for people to access information and changes the way people acquire and disseminate information significantly. Meanwhile, it enables people to respond to the social events in a more convenient way. Much of the information in Weibo media is related to some events. Users who post different contents, and exert different behavior or attitude may lead to different contribution to the specific event. Therefore, classifying the large amount of uncategorized social circles generated in Weibo media automatically from the perspective of events has been a promising task. Under this circumstance, in order to effectively organize and manage the huge amounts of users, thereby further managing their contents, we address the task of user classification in a more granular, event-based approach in this paper. By analyzing real data collected from Sina Weibo, we investigate the Weibo properties and utilize both content information and social network information to classify the numerous users into four primary groups: celebrities, organizations/media accounts, grassroots stars, and ordinary individuals. The experiments results show that our method identifies the user categories accurately.
A Meshfree Quasi‐Interpolation Method for Solving Burgers’ Equation
Authors: Li Mingzhu , Chen Lijuan , Ma Qiang
Published: July 2014

The main aim of this work is to consider a meshfree algorithm for solving Burgers’ equation with the quartic B‐spline quasi‐interpolation. Quasi‐interpolation is very useful in the study of approximation theory and its applications, since it can yield solutions directly without the need to solve any linear system of equations and overcome the ill‐conditioning problem resulting from using the B‐spline as a global interpolant. The numerical scheme is presented, by using the derivative of the quasi‐interpolation to approximate the spatial derivative of the dependent variable and a low order forward difference to approximate the time derivative of the dependent variable. Compared to other numerical methods, the main advantages of our scheme are higher accuracy and lower computational complexity. Meanwhile, the algorithm is very simple and easy to implement and the numerical experiments show that it is feasible and valid.
Convergence of Variational Iteration Method for Solving Singular Partial Differential Equations of Fractional Order
Authors: Elbeleze Asma Ali , Kılıçman Adem , Taib Bachok M.
Published: July 2014

We are concerned here with singular partial differential equations of fractional order (FSPDEs). The variational iteration method (VIM) is applied to obtain approximate solutions of this type of equations. Convergence analysis of the VIM is discussed. This analysis is used to estimate the maximum absolute truncated error of the series solution. A comparison between the results of VIM solutions and exact solution is given. The fractional derivatives are described in Caputo sense.
Lower Convergence of Minimal Sets in Star-Shaped Vector Optimization Problems
Authors: Hu Rong
Published: July 2014

LetAnbe a sequence of nonempty star-shaped sets. By using generalized domination property, we study the lower convergence of minimal setsMin An. The distinguishing feature of our results lies in disuse of convexity assumptions (only using star-shapedness).
Partial Synchronizability Characterized by Principal Quasi-Submatrices Corresponding to Clusters
Authors: Zhang Gang , Ma Zhongjun , Wang Yi , Zhang Jianbao
Published: July 2014

A partial synchronization problem in an oscillator network is considered. The concept on a principal quasi-submatrix corresponding to the topology of a cluster is proposed for the first time to study partial synchronization. It is shown that partial synchronization can be realized under the condition depending on the principal quasi-submatrix, but not distinctly depending on the intercluster couplings. Obviously, the dimension of any principal quasi-submatrix is usually far less than the one of the network topology matrix. Therefore, our criterion provides us a novel index of partial synchronizability, which reduces the network size when the network is composed of a great mount of nodes. Numerical simulations are carried out to confirm the validity of the method.
A Regulation-Based Security Evaluation Method for Data Link in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Malavenda Claudio S. , Menichelli F. , Olivieri M.
Published: July 2014

This article presents a novel approach to the analysis of wireless sensor networks (WSN) security, based on the regulations intended for wireless communication devices. Starting from the analysis and classification of attacks, countermeasures, and available protocols, we present the current state on secure communication stacks for embedded systems. The regulation analysis is based on civil EN 50150 and MIL STD-188-220, both applicable to WSN communications. Afterwards, starting from a list of known WSN attacks, we use a correspondence table to match WSN attacks with countermeasures required by regulations. This approach allows us to produce a precise security evaluation and classification methodology for WSN protocols. The results show that current protocols do not present a complete coverage of security issues. While this conclusion is already known for many WSN protocols, to the best of our knowledge this is the first time a complete methodology is proposed to base this assertion. Moreover, by using the proposed methodology, we are able to precisely identify the exposed threats for each WSN protocol under analysis.
Investigation of a Novel Common Subexpression Elimination Method for Low Power and Area Efficient DCT Architecture
Authors: Siddiqui M. F. , Reza A. W. , Kanesan J. , Ramiah H.
Published: July 2014

A wide interest has been observed to find a low power and area efficient hardware design of discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm. This research work proposed a novel Common Subexpression Elimination (CSE) based pipelined architecture for DCT, aimed at reproducing the cost metrics of power and area while maintaining high speed and accuracy in DCT applications. The proposed design combines the techniques of Canonical Signed Digit (CSD) representation and CSE to implement the multiplier-less method for fixed constant multiplication of DCT coefficients. Furthermore, symmetry in the DCT coefficient matrix is used with CSE to further decrease the number of arithmetic operations. This architecture needs a single-port memory to feed the inputs instead of multiport memory, which leads to reduction of the hardware cost and area. From the analysis of experimental results and performance comparisons, it is observed that the proposed scheme uses minimum logic utilizing mere 340 slices and 22 adders. Moreover, this design meets the real time constraints of different video/image coders and peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) requirements. Furthermore, the proposed technique has significant advantages over recent well-known methods along with accuracy in terms of power reduction, silicon area usage, and maximum operating frequency by 41%, 15%, and 15%, respectively.
Asymptotic Limit to Shocks for Scalar Balance Laws Using Relative Entropy
Authors: Kwon Young-Sam
Published: July 2014

We consider a scalar balance law with a strict convex flux. In this paper, we study inviscid limit to shocks for scalar balance laws up to a shift function, which is based on the relative entropy.
Prediction and Evaluation of the Mixture Toxicity of Twelve Phenols and Ten Anilines to the Freshwater PhotobacteriumVibrio qinghaiensissp.-Q67
Authors: Mo Lingyun , Zhu Zongqiang , Zhu Yinian , Zeng Honghu , Li Yanhong
Published: July 2014

Twelve substituted phenols and ten substituted anilines were chosen to investigate if the dose addition and independent action models can be used to evaluate the mixture toxicity of phenolic and aniline derivatives (PADs). Their photobacterium toxicity to the freshwater luminescent bacteriumVibrio qinghaiensissp.-Q67 showed that the two-parameter Weibull or Logit function could be effectively applied to describe the dose-response relationships. The joint toxicity of three equivalent-effect concentration ratio (EECR) mixtures and twelve uniform design concentration ratio (UDCR) mixtures could be well evaluated using the dose addition (DA) or the independent action (IA) model within 95% confidence intervals.
Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Eccentric Exercises in the Treatment of Patellar Tendinopathy
Authors: Liu Xiao-Guang , Cheng Lin , Song Ji-Mei
Published: July 2014

The study aims to investigate if low-level laser therapy (LLLT) combined with eccentric exercises could more effectively treat patellar tendinopathy than LLLT alone and eccentric exercises alone. Twenty-one patients with patellar tendinopathy were randomized to three groups: laser alone, exercise alone, or laser plus exercise, with seven in each group. Laser irradiations were administered at the inferior pole of the patella and the two acupoints of Extra 36 (Xiyan) with the intensity of 1592 mW/cm2. Eccentric training program consisted of three sets of 15 repetitions of unilateral squat on level ground. All patients received six treatments per week for four weeks. Knee pain and function and quadriceps muscle strength and endurance were evaluated at baseline and the end of treatment. After the 4-week intervention, all groups showed significant improvements in all the outcomes (P<0.01). The laser + exercise group had significantly greater improvements in all the outcomes than the other two groups (P<0.05), except nonsignificant difference in pain relief between the laser + exercise group and the laser group. In conclusion, LLLT combined with eccentric exercises is superior to LLLT alone and eccentric exercises alone to reduce pain and improve function in patients with patellar tendinopathy.
Development of Some Organs Derived from the Three Embryonic Germ Layer in a Degus Ectopic Pregnancy and Presence of a Cytotrophoblast That Mimics Human Chorionic Placenta
Authors: Bosco C. , Díaz E. , González J. , Gutierrez R.
Published: July 2014

This report describes a case of abdominal pregnancy in an adult female degu from which we recovered two large tissular masses from the peritoneal cavity. The bigger one showed a number of thin vascular connections to the serosa layer of the small intestine. It was also directly connected to the smaller mass by a thin membranous process. The surface of the bigger mass facing the small intestine wall showed the presence of chorionic villous that resembled a villous human chorionic placenta, rather than the hemomonochorial labyrinthine placenta, characteristic of this species. This unusual finding leads us to postulate that in the degu’s uterus the cytotrophoblast is exposed to a number of factors that will activate cascades of cellular and molecular events that ultimately will be signaling the cytotrophoblast to develop into a labyrinthine hemomonochorial placenta. In absence of the proper uterine environment, as is the case of the abdominal pregnancy in the peritoneal cavity reported here, the lack of signaling will lead the cytotrophoblast to develop into a villous chorionic placenta, similar to that observed in human.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Power Shift Control Valve
Authors: Ren Feng , Liu Xinhui , Chen Jinshi , Zeng Ping , Liu Boliang , Wang Qinmeng
Published: July 2014

In order to study the influence that dynamic performance of shift control valve has on shifting process of construction machinery, the paper introduces working principle of the shift control valve and sets up the dynamically mathematical model and corresponding simulation model with simulation software LMS Imagine. Lab AMESim. Based on simulation, the paper analyzes the influence of pressure variation characteristics and buffering characteristics acting on vehicle performance during the process of shifting, meanwhile conducting experiments to verify the simulation. The results indicate that the simulation model is accurate and credible; the performance of the valve is satisfactory, which indeed reduces impact during shifting. Furthermore, the valve can meet the demand of other construction machineries in better degree by suitable matching between control spring stiffness and damping holes diameter.
On the Equation y2=x3-pqx
Authors: Burhanuddin Iftikhar A. , Huang Ming-Deh A.
Published: July 2014

We consider certain quartic twists of an elliptic curve. We establish the rank of these curves under the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture and obtain bounds on the size of Shafarevich-Tate group of these curves. We also establish a reduction between the problem of factoring integers of a certain form and the problem of computing rational points on these twists.
Generalized Kudryashov Method for Time-Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Tuluce Demiray Seyma , Pandir Yusuf , Bulut Hasan
Published: July 2014

In this study, the generalized Kudryashov method (GKM) is handled to find exact solutions of time-fractional Burgers equation, time-fractional Cahn-Hilliard equation, and time-fractional generalized third-order KdV equation. These time-fractional equations can be turned into another nonlinear ordinary differantial equation by travelling wave transformation. Then, GKM has been implemented to attain exact solutions of time-fractional Burgers equation, time-fractional Cahn-Hilliard equation, and time-fractional generalized third-order KdV equation. Also, some new hyperbolic function solutions have been obtained by using this method. It can be said that this method is a generalized form of the classical Kudryashov method.
Fahr Syndrome Unknown Complication: Overactive Bladder
Authors: Tuglu Devrim , Yuvanç Ercan , Bal Fatih , Türkel Yakup , Dağ Ersel , Yılmaz Erdal , Batislam Ertan
Published: July 2014

A 38-year-old male patient was admitted to our outpatient department because of frequency and urgency incontinence. During evaluation it was detected that the patient was suffering from frequency which was progressive for one year, feeling of incontinence, and urgency incontinence. There was no urologic pathology detected in patient’s medical and family history. Neurologic consultation was requested due to his history of boredom, reluctance to do business, balance disorders, and recession for about 3 years. Brain computerized tomography (CT) scan revealed that amorphous calcifications were detected in the bilaterally centrum semiovale, basal ganglia, capsula interna, thalami, mesencephalon, pons and bulbus, and the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. We have detected spontaneous neurogenic detrusor overactivity without sphincter dyssynergia after evaluating the voiding diary, cystometry, and pressure flow study. We consider the detrusor overactivity which occurred one year after the start of the neurological symptoms as the suprapontine inhibition and damage in the axonal pathways in the Fahr syndrome.
Optimal Demand Response of Smart Home with PV Generators
Authors: Chen Chao-Rong , Lan Ming-Jen
Published: July 2014

Demand response (DR) is used mainly to help to schedule a customer’s power utilization based on the electricity price that is announced by the power distribution company so that both demand and supply can optimally benefit. The work proposes a users’ load model and the interior point method for optimal scheduling with elastic power utilization to minimize power price. The interior point method has the advantages of rapid convergence and robustness. Customers can not only use PV generators and battery sets as backup power sources, but also benefit from green energy. As revealed by the results herein, the use of elastic power utilization time intervals enables customers to pay less power price.
Direct Inhibition of Choline Kinase by a Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbocyanine
Authors: Arlauckas Sean P. , Popov Anatoliy V. , Delikatny Edward J.
Published: July 2014

Choline kinase alpha (ChoK) expression is increasingly being recognized as an important indicator of breast cancer prognosis; however, previous efforts to noninvasively measure ChoK status have been complicated by the spectral limitations of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and the complex network of enzymes involved in choline metabolism. The most effective ChoK inhibitors are symmetric and contain quaternary ammonium groups within heterocyclic head groups connected by an aliphatic spacer. Characterization of these bis-pyridinium and bis-quinolinium compounds has led to phase I clinical trials to assess small-molecule inhibitors of ChoK for solid tumor treatment. We report the development of a novel carbocyanine dye, JAS239, whose bis-indolium structure conforms to the parameters established for ChoK specificity and whose spacer length confers fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) window. Fluorimetry and confocal microscopy were used to demonstrate that JAS239 rapidly enters breast cancer cells independent of the choline transporters, with accumulation in the cytosolic space where ChoK is active. Radio-tracing and 1H MRS techniques were used to determine that JAS239 binds and competitively inhibits ChoK intracellularly, preventing choline phosphorylation while inducing cell death in breast cancer cell lines with similar efficacy to known ChoK inhibitors. Fluorescent molecules that report on ChoK status have potential use as companion diagnostics for noninvasive breast tumor staging, because NIR fluorescence allows for detection of real-time probe accumulation in vivo. Furthermore, their ability as novel ChoK inhibitors may prove effective against aggressive, therapy-resistant tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(9); 2149–58. ©2014 AACR.
Identification of Kv11.1 Isoform Switch as a Novel Pathogenic Mechanism of Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: Gong Qiuming , Stump Matthew R. , Deng Vivianne , Zhang Li , Zhou Zhengfeng
Published: July 2014

Background—

The
KCNH2
gene encodes the Kv11.1 potassium channel that conducts the rapidly activating delayed rectifier current in the heart. The relative expression of the full-length Kv11.1a isoform and the C-terminally truncated Kv11.1a-USO isoform plays an important role in regulation of channel function. The formation of C-terminal isoforms is determined by competition between the splicing and alternative polyadenylation of
KCNH2
intron 9. It is not known whether changes in the relative expression of Kv11.1a and Kv11.1a-USO can cause long-QT syndrome.

Methods and Results—

We identified a novel
KCNH2
splice site mutation in a large family. The mutation, IVS9-2delA, is a deletion of the A in the AG dinucleotide of the 3′ acceptor site of intron 9. We designed an intron-containing full-length
KCNH2
gene construct to study the effects of the mutation on the relative expression of Kv11.1a and Kv11.1a-USO at the mRNA, protein, and functional levels. We found that this mutation disrupted normal splicing and resulted in exclusive polyadenylation of intron 9, leading to a switch from the functional Kv11.1a to the nonfunctional Kv11.1a-USO isoform in HEK293 cells and HL-1 cardiomyocytes. We also showed that IVS9-2delA caused isoform switch in the mutant allele of mRNA isolated from patient lymphocytes.

Conclusions—

Our findings indicate that the IVS9-2delA mutation causes a switch in the expression of the functional Kv11.1a isoform to the nonfunctional Kv11.1a-USO isoform. Kv11.1 isoform switch represents a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of long-QT syndrome.
Socioeconomic Status Inconsistency and Risk of Stroke Among Japanese Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Honjo Kaori , Iso Hiroyasu , Inoue Manami , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—

Little research has been conducted to examine the effect of inconsistencies in socioeconomic status on cardiovascular health. In particular, no studies have been reported in Asian countries, including Japan, which is thought to have high socioeconomic status inconsistency among women.

Methods—

We examined the effect of status inconsistency between education level and occupation on stroke risk in a prospective 20-year study of 14 742 middle-aged Japanese women included in the prospective Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) Study Cohort I in 1990. Status inconsistency between education level and occupation was determined (qualified, overqualified, and underqualified), and the association with risk of stroke was examined. Cox proportional regression analysis was used to determine hazard ratios, which were adjusted for age, marital status, and geographical area.

Results—

Adjusted hazard ratio for stroke in overqualified compared with qualified women was 2.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.13–3.78). Adjusted hazard ratios for stroke among highly educated manual workers and workers in service industry were 3.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.54–7.84) and 3.21 (95% confidence interval, 1.49–6.90), respectively, when compared with highly educated professionals/managers.

Conclusions—

High academic qualifications without an appropriate job could be a risk factor for stroke among Japanese women. Our result suggests that status inconsistency could be a potential explanation for the increased stroke risk among highly educated women.
Morphology of Susceptibility Vessel Sign Predicts Middle Cerebral Artery Recanalization After Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Yan Shenqiang , Hu Haitao , Shi Zhenghao , Zhang Xuting , Zhang Sheng , Liebeskind David S. , Lou Min
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—

We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) burden and morphology in middle cerebral artery recanalization.

Methods—

We retrospectively examined clinical and imaging data from 72 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke with middle cerebral artery occlusion and examined the association of recanalization with SVS length and shape.

Results—

None of the patients with a middle cerebral artery SVS >20 mm in length achieved recanalization. For patients with a relatively short SVS (length <20 mm), irregular shape was a strong independent predictor for no recanalization (odds ratio, 6.891; 95% confidence interval, 1.441–32.950;
P
=0.016).

Conclusions—

Irregular shape and long length (>20 mm) of SVS decrease the potential to recanalize the occluded middle cerebral artery with intravenous thrombolysis.
Defining the Revolutionary Totalitarian Personality: The Parallel Lives of Adolf Hitler and Fidel Castro
Authors: Tudoroiu Theodor
Published: July 2014

This article compares the surprisingly similar personalities and political trajectories of Adolf Hitler and Fidel Castro in order to define a specific, ‘revolutionary totalitarian’ type of personality. This is a union of authoritarian personality, revolutionary tendencies, and genuine charisma. Moreover, it can develop only in a modern context allowing the creation of an effective personality cult. Politically, its outcome is a revolutionary transformation of state and society leading to the establishment of a new system of values paralleled by the imposition of a new, totalitarian order. Ironically, the consolidation of the new regime leads to the complete dissolution of the leader’s revolutionary tendency, which is preserved only in foreign policy. There, however, it can lead to extremely serious military consequences.
Modernization Theory, Then and Now
Authors: Marsh Robert M.
Published: July 2014

Contrary to the pronouncements of Wallerstein, Alexander and others, modernization theory is far from dead. Publications on modernization theory have increased in number during each successive five-year period since 1970. I distinguish between modernization theory “then” – its formative period from 1949 to 1979, and “now” the period since the 1990s. Two main things have happened to the theory. First, some research findings in diverse sub-fields continue to vary with, and be explained by, societies’ level of modernization, thereby confirming the original modernization paradigm. Second, when other researchers discovered anomalies that could not be explained within the original theory, they did not abandon the theory. Instead, they creatively extended it in new directions that could account for the anomalies, using such concepts as reflexive modernization, risk society, first and second modernity, ecological modernization, evolutionary theory, values modernization, multiple modernities, and global modernity.
A contribution to the knowledge of New World Bruchinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae): taxonomic revision of Ctenocolum Kingsolver & Whitehead, with description of five new species
Authors: DE ALBUQUERQUE FELÍCIA PEREIRA , MANFIO DAIARA , RIBEIRO-COSTA CIBELE STRAMARE
Published: July 2014

The aim of this contribution was to review the species of Ctenocolum which are mainly distributed in the Neotropical region. The larvae of this genus have a high degree of specificity with the tribe Millettieae feeding mainly on seeds of Lonchocarpus Kunth (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae) and until now we do not know other bruchine consuming seeds of this genus. Here 13 valid species were studied, five new, divided in two groups, as previosly proposed in literature, group podagricus with Ctenocolum aquilus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov., C. biolleyi Kingsolver & Whitehead, C. colburni Kingsolver & Whitehead, C. martiale Kingsolver & Whitehead, C. milelo Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov., C. podagricus (Fabricius), C. punctinotatus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov., C. pygospilotos Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. and C. triangulatus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov.; group tuberculatum with C. acapulcensis Kingsolver & Whitehead, C. janzeni Kingsolver & Whitehead, C. salvini (Sharp) and C. tuberculatum (Motschulsky). A lectotype is designated for Bruchus salvini and Bruchus pictifemur. Moreover, descriptions, redescriptions, diagnoses, key, geographic distribution and host plant records are also included.
Three new species of the genus Passeroptes Fain (Astigmata: Dermationidae) from China
Authors: WANG ZI-YING , MU NING , SU XIAO-HUI , LIU HUAI
Published: July 2014

Three new species of the genus Passeroptes (Acariformes: Dermationidae) are described from passerine birds (Passeriformes) in China: Passeroptes formosus sp. nov. from Garrulax formosus formosus (Verreaux) (Guizhou), P. poecilorhynchus sp. nov. from Garrulax poecilorhynchus berthemyi (David and Oustalet) (Guizhou), and P. picae sp. nov. from Pica pica sericea Gould (Henan). Passeroptes garrulax is redescribed from Garrulax poecilorhynchus berthemyi in Guizhou.
New species of Eudiospilus (Braconidae, Brachistinae) from Madagascar with a review of the genus and key to species
Authors: ZHANG Y. MILES , SHARANOWSKI BARBARA J.
Published: July 2014

A second species of Eudiospilus Szépligeti collected from Madagascar, E. rubrumbarus sp.n., is described with an illustrated key to the two known species. Eudiospilus rubrumbarus can be distinguished from E. conradti Szépligeti by the presence of fore wing vein 2a, hind wing with 2-1A short and not reaching wing margin, propodeum without median furrow, ovipositor longer than total length of body, and differences in the coloration of antennal flagellomeres, head, and metasoma. The evolutionary relationship between Eudiospilus and other diospiline genera is discussed.
A new species and five new records of chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) from an isolated population of the solitary tinamou Tinamus solitarius (Aves: Tinamiformes)
Authors: VALIM MICHEL P. , SILVEIRA LUÍS F.
Published: July 2014

We report the first records of chewing lice from an isolated population of the solitary tinamou (formerly known as Tinamus solitarius pernambucensis Berla, 1946) in the Pernambuco Centre of Endemism (PCE), Brazil. All louse records previously published from the solitary tinamou came from the populations south of the São Francisco River, formerly known as Tinamus solitarius solitarius (Vieillot, 1819). Five known species of the family Heptapsogasteridae were identified from the northern population of this host: Heptarthrogaster grandis Carriker, 1936; Ornicholax alienus (Giebel, 1874); Pterocotes solitarius Guimarães & Lane, 1937; Rhopaloceras oniscus (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866); and Strongylocotes wernecki Guimarães & Lane, 1937. Also, the new species Heptagoniodes guimaraesi is described and illustrated from the northern population of this host, and a key for identification of all the species of Heptagoniodes Carriker, 1936 is included. The discovery of H. guimaraesi is the first Brazilian example of a bird ectoparasite represented by two different species of the same genus living on two distinct populations of the same host species. Records of eight louse species and 31 new localities from the southern population of the solitary tinamou in Brazil are given, and an updated list of all the chewing lice known from both host populations [subspecies] is included.
Experiments on Differential Scalar Mixing in Turbulence in a Sheared, Stratified Flow
Authors: Jackson P. Ryan , Rehmann Chris R.
Published: July 2014

Laboratory experiments were performed to measure differential diffusion of temperature and salinity across a sheared density interface. The eddy diffusivity of temperature KT exceeded the eddy diffusivity of salinity KS by as much as 1.5 orders of magnitude at low ε/νN2, where ε is the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy, ν is the kinematic viscosity, and N is the buoyancy frequency in the pycnocline. The diffusivity ratio d = KS/KT increased from about 0.05 to 1 over the range 0.1 < ε/νN2 < 40. These differences made the eddy diffusivity of density depend on the density ratio. The trend of d with ε/νN2 was consistent with trends found in other experiments, simulations, and theory, and the collapse of several datasets allowed the diffusivity ratio to be expressed as a function of ε/νN2. However, shear decreased differential diffusion less in the experiments than predicted by theory for homogeneous turbulence subjected to constant shear and stratification. No strong effect of the density ratio on the diffusivity ratio was apparent. Because many flows in oceanography and limnology have values of ε/νN2 low enough to exhibit significant differential diffusion, accounting for differential diffusion in interpreting measurements and modeling stratified water bodies is recommended.
Influence of the Barotropic Mean Flow on the Width and the Structure of the Atlantic Equatorial Deep Jets
Authors: Claus Martin , Greatbatch Richard J. , Brandt Peter
Published: July 2014

A representation of an equatorial basin mode excited in a shallow-water model for a single high-order baroclinic vertical normal mode is used as a simple model for the equatorial deep jets. The model is linearized about both a state of rest and a barotropic mean flow corresponding to the observed Atlantic Equatorial Intermediate Current System. It was found that the eastward mean flow associated with the North and South Intermediate Counter Currents (NICC and SICC, respectively) effectively shields the equator from off-equatorial Rossby waves. The westward propagation of these waves is blocked, and focusing on the equator due to beta dispersion is prevented. This leads to less energetic jets along the equator. On the other hand, the westward barotropic mean flow along the equator reduces the gradient of absolute vorticity and hence widens the cross-equatorial structure of the basin mode. Increasing lateral viscosity predominantly affects the width of the basin modes’ Kelvin wave component in the presence of the mean flow, while the Rossby wave is confined by the flanking NICC and SICC. Independent of the presence of the mean flow, the application of sufficient lateral mixing also hinders the focusing of off-equatorial Rossby waves, which is hence an unlikely feature of a low-frequency basin mode in the real ocean.
Between National and International Mandates: Displaced Persons and Refugees in Postwar Italy
Authors: Salvatici Silvia
Published: July 2014

In the years of postwar reconstruction the experience of refugees in Italy was rapidly eclipsed, both in public discourse and in the growing number of studies on war and liberation. The need for resurrection and the desire to dissociate itself, both from Fascism and from the role it played in the Second World War, led Italian society to drive uncomfortable memories into the shadows. This forgetting of the recent past in turn engendered the misleading interpretation that the end of the war represented a watershed, and this misleading interpretation has extensively affected Italian historiography for several decades. At the end of the 1980s, some of the most relevant and controversial issues surrounding the war and postwar years started to be investigated (such as the Resistance as civil war, the deportations of Jews and the Allied bombings during the Second World War), while the history of refugees has been addressed only very recently and almost exclusively in relation to the revision of the eastern Italian–Yugoslav border. Research about Displaced Persons (DPs) still lags behind.
Dilemmas of psychoanalysis and psychology: critical conceptions of subjectivity in the work of Marie Jahoda
Authors: Parker Ian
Published: July 2014

This article explores work that anticipates current interest in the development of ‘psychosocial studies’. Marie Jahoda’s Freud and the Dilemmas of Psychology raises important questions about the historical and extant relationships between psychoanalysis and the discipline of psychology. This article traces those questions within two contextual frames. The first contextual frame comprises the historical vicissitudes of psychoanalysis and psychology from the 1930s through to the 1970s. Jahoda’s questions are rooted in a theoretical background that brings the tradition of German-speaking radical psychoanalysis into Anglo-American psychology. The second contextual frame is the development of ‘critical’ psychological attempts to recruit psychoanalysis for an alternative account of subjectivity from the 1980s through to the turn of the 21st century. Jahoda’s contribution, and its place as a ‘hinge-point’ between old and new conceptions of psychology, is to draw attention to the role of psychoanalytic ideas in the discipline and to provoke further critical reflection on Freud’s work today.
Online Workforce Development in Community Colleges
Authors: Githens Rod Patrick , Sauer Timothy M. , Crawford Fashaad L. , Cumberland Denise M. , Wilson Kristin B.
Published: July 2014

This study examined community and institutional factors that influence offering online workforce development programs in community colleges. The study included a random sample of 321 community college in the United States. Findings conclude that colleges operating under statewide governance structures and in states with more highly centralized statewide practices have more online occupational programs than other types of institutions. In addition, student racial demographics factor into online course offerings. Institutions with higher percentages of White students are more likely to offer online occupational programs. These findings illustrate a potential need for additional online program development in colleges with larger percentages of students of color and raise questions about how states with decentralized systems can increase educational access by facilitating additional online workforce development programs.
Eugène Casalis and the French mission to Basutoland (1833–1856): A case study of Lamin Sanneh’s mission-by-translation paradigm in nineteenth-century southern Africa
Authors: Beckner W. Benjamin
Published: July 2014

In his remarkable work, Translating the Message: The Missionary Impact on Culture, Lamin Sanneh claims that, from its beginnings at Pentecost, Christian mission, through its practice of vernacular language transcription and Bible translation, characteristically makes “the recipient culture the true and final locus of the proclamation, so that the religion arrives without the presumption of cultural rejection” (1989: 29). In this article I evaluate the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society’s mission to Basutoland (1833–56), spearheaded by Eugène Casalis and Thomas Arbousset, in light of Lamin Sanneh’s thesis with regard to the Christian gospel and its missionary propagation. We will pay particular attention to the missionaries’ attitudes toward the Basotho people, language, and culture; their ambiguous relationship to European colonialism; and their contribution to the founding of modern Lesotho. What were the primary factors of the French mission’s success in establishing an indigenous church, a self-propagating movement and ultimately in laying the groundwork for a nation?
Negotiating identity: Extending and applying Alan Tippett’s model of conversion to believers from Muslim and Hindu backgrounds
Authors: Hibbert Richard Y.
Published: July 2014

This article begins by analysing how the model of conversion developed by Alan Tippett corrects some missionary blind spots. It explores the issue of identity negotiation in conversion and proposes an extension of Tippett’s model that addresses this issue. Challenges that Muslims and Hindus coming to faith in Christ face and pathways of response that they take in negotiating their new identity in Christ are then examined. These challenges and responses are illustrated by case studies from the Middle East, West Africa, Bangladesh, and India. Finally, implications of identity negotiation and of an extended version of Tippett’s model for cross-cultural workers serving new believers from Muslim and Hindu backgrounds are outlined.
Women State Legislators and Representation
Authors: Osborn Tracy
Published: July 2014

Research on women legislators in the U.S. states has made significant progress toward understanding how women legislators affect public policies. We still lack, however, a clear picture of how variation in legislative structure affects such policy making. Through control of the legislative process and ideological structure, political parties can enhance or constrain women legislators’ efforts. Institutional configurations such as women’s caucuses and women’s power in committee leadership also affect the types of policies women legislators create. By examining these legislative variations, researchers and practitioners can understand more thoroughly the legislative conditions under which women’s representation of women’s issues is most effective.
Gender Effects on Student Attitude Toward Science
Authors: Smith Thomas J. , Pasero Spencer L. , McKenna Cornelius M.
Published: July 2014

The present study examined gender and attitude toward science in fourth- and eighth-grade students in the United States and also assessed to what extent the relationship between science attitude and science achievement differed by gender. Results showed that both fourth- and eighth-grade boys demonstrated more confidence in science than girls, while eighth-grade boys also showed greater liking for science than girls. Additionally, gender moderated the relationship between science achievement and (a) liking science (for fourth-grade students) and (b) confidence in science (eighth-grade students). Results are discussed in terms of addressing gender inequities in science education and career opportunities.
Stimulants and Cannabis Use Among a Marginalized Population in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Saddichha Sahoo , Werker Gregory R. , Schuetz Christian , Krausz Michael R.
Published: July 2014

High rates of substance use, especially cannabis and stimulant use, have been associated with homelessness, exposure to trauma, and involvement with the criminal justice system. This study explored differences in substance use (cannabis vs. stimulants) and associations with trauma and incarceration among a homeless population. Data were derived from the BC Health of the Homeless Study (BCHOHS), carried out in three cities in British Columbia, Canada. Measures included sociodemographic information, the Maudsley Addiction Profile (MAP), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Plus. Stimulant users were more likely to be female (43%), using multiple substances (3.2), and engaging in survival sex (14%). Cannabis users had higher rates of lifetime psychotic disorders (32%). Among the incarcerated, cannabis users had been subjected to greater emotional neglect ( p < .05) and one in two cannabis users had a history of lifetime depressive disorders ( p < .05). Childhood physical abuse and Caucasian ethnicity were also associated with greater crack cocaine use. One explanation for the results is that a history of childhood abuse may lead to a developmental cascade of depressive symptoms and other psychopathology, increasing the chances of cannabis dependence and the development of psychosis.
Manufacture and characterization of carbon fiber composite stiffened skin by resin film infusion/prepreg co-curing process
Authors: Ma Xuqiang , Yang Zhongjia , Gu Yizhuo , Li Yanxia , Li Min , Zhang Dongmei , Jia Lijie , Zhang Zuoguang
Published: July 2014

I-shaped stiffened skin was manufactured by a new co-cured resin film infusion process (co-RFI) with fiber preform stiffener and prepreg skin. One kind of epoxy resin film and four kinds of carbon fiber prepreg were used. Resin flow behavior, processing quality, and mechanical performance were investigated for co-RFI stiffened skin. Sole prepreg/autoclave process and resin film infusion process were also adopted for comparison. Resin flow front and resin pressure were detected by self-developed monitoring systems. Optical micrographs and thickness measurement were employed to evaluate processing quality. Moreover, pull-off test was used to analyze the influences of core filler and prepreg systems in skin on the mechanical performance of stiffened skin. The results show that with reasonable processing conditions, good processing quality, and mechanical property at co-curing interface region can be achieved for co-RFI stiffened skin. Co-RFI process is suitable to fabricate composite structure with high flexibility in materials and structures.
Situating Transnational Genre Knowledge
Authors: Rounsaville Angela
Published: July 2014

Scholars have recently begun to conceive of literacy practices as drawing from resources that are simultaneously situated and extracontextual. In particular, studies of transnational literacy affirm the importance of both locality and movement in literacy studies. Continuing this inquiry into the situated and dispersed nature of transnational literacy, the author investigates the distinct effects that shuttling between national contexts have on the accumulation and use of genre knowledge. Specifically, through a case study of one Third Culture Kid student writer, the author reports on how her genre knowledge develops in response to transnational relocations between Italy and the United States and the way this transnational genre knowledge informs her writing of a high-stakes in-school genre. This case illustrates the value of rhetorical genre studies for understanding the situated and dispersed nature of transnational literacy and begins to outline the distinctiveness of transnational boundary-crossing practices.
Mitochondrial Genetics and Disease
Authors: Area-Gomez Estela , Schon Eric A.
Published: July 2014

Mitochondrial disease resulting in reduced bioenergetic output can be due to mutations in either nuclear DNA–encoded or mitochondrial DNA–encoded gene products. We summarize some of the underlying principles of mitochondrial genetics that impact the diagnosis and pathogenesis of mitochondrial disorders. In addition, we present a brief overview of a new frontier in the field, namely, mitochondrial “dynamics,” which controls organellar fusion, fission, trafficking, and positioning, and exerts mitochondrial “quality control” by maintaining organellar integrity and viability. Analysis of mutations in gene products associated with this latter area has opened up new vistas in the study of disorders associated with compromised energy production.