bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On teaching Holocaust geographies: supporting inquiry into space, persecution and civic action
Authors: Eargle Jeffrey C. , Mewborne Michael
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In this article, the authors – a social studies methods professor and geography research associate – make the case for considering the integration of Holocaust geographies into the middle and secondary curriculum, potential challenges that teachers may have in teaching Holocaust geographies are addressed.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an experience in delivering professional development on Holocaust geographies to teachers to frame the discourse within the article, the authors contend that a study of Holocaust geographies tests geography as a discipline, addresses current problems and supports student inquiry. Therefore, the inclusion of the Holocaust in the geography curriculum is both needed and valuable.

Findings

Examining the Holocaust spatially using geographical skills moves students away from the potential limits of studying the Holocaust temporally using only historical skills. Thus, the distance between past and present, although not ignored, is narrowed through the inquiry into spatial patterns and characteristics, providing the potential to bring greater focus on present-day antisemitism, persecution, genocide and authoritarianism.

Originality/value

Educators are encouraged to take up work that intersects the civic goals of both geography and Holocaust education, yet literature on these intersections is sparse. We call upon Holocaust education and geography education organizations to develop and provide support for teachers around Holocaust geographies.
Aboveground biomass estimation of an old‐growth mangrove forest using airborne LiDAR in the Philippines
Authors: Mandal Mohammad Shamim Hasan , Suwa Rempei , Rollon Rene N. , Albano Giannina Marie G. , Cruz Green Ann A. , Ono Kenji , Primavera‐Tirol Yasmin H. , Blanco Ariel C. , Nadaoka Kazuo
Published: July 2024

Monitoring mangrove forest biomass is vital for assessing their carbon sequestration potential. This study uses airborne LiDAR data to estimate the aboveground biomass (AGB) of an old‐growth mangrove forest in the Katunggan It Ibajay Ecopark (KII Ecopark) on Panay Island, Philippines. To establish a relationship between the LiDAR canopy height profile with the field observed AGB at the plot level, we tested 20 LiDAR derived relative height (RH) metrics. First, we tested a relationship between field observed Lorey's mean canopy height (Hm) and RH metrics, which were then used to estimate AGB by applying a previously established allometric model. Second, we tested the direct relationship between RH metrics and observed AGB. Among RH metrics, RH95 showed the best correspondence with the Hm (R2 = 0.79) and when it was applied to the previously developed allometric for AGB estimation, the results showed a large underestimation of AGB (R2 = 0.46) for plots with higher canopy heights. Conversely, the direct method using a power regression model with RH95 and observed AGB provided a better estimate (R2 = 0.58). However, both models still underestimated AGB at the KII Ecopark. We conclude that, LiDAR‐based AGB estimation using Hm as a single variable can result in considerable underestimation, especially in old‐growth mangrove forests such as KII Ecopark. Further studies are necessary to develop accurate models for estimating AGB in such special types of mangroves which is important for mangrove monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV).
Understanding emulsifier influence on complex coacervation: Essential oils encapsulation perspective
Authors: Napiórkowska Alicja , Szpicer Arkadiusz , Górska‐Horczyczak Elżbieta , Kurek Marcin
Published: July 2024

The objective of this research was to explore the viability of pea protein as a substitute for gelatin in the complex coacervation process, with a specific focus on understanding the impact of incorporating an emulsifier into this process. The study involved the preparation of samples with varying polymer mixing ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) and emulsifier content. As core substances, black pepper and juniper essential oils were utilized, dissolved beforehand in grape seed oil or soybean oil, to minimize the loss of volatile compounds. In total, 24 distinct samples were created, subjected to freeze‐drying to produce powder, and then assessed for their physicochemical properties.

Results revealed the significant impact of emulsifier addition on microcapsule parameters. Powders lacking emulsifiers exhibited higher water solubility (57.10%–81.41%) compared to those with emulsifiers (24.64%–40.13%). Moreover, the emulsifier significantly decreased thermal stability (e.g., without emulsifier, Ton = 137.21°C; with emulsifier, Ton = 41.55°C) and adversely impacted encapsulation efficiency (highest efficiency achieved: 67%; with emulsifier: 21%).
Discovering the volatilome fingerprint of selected traditional Cuban wines elaborated with native grapes, tropical fruits, and rice using DHS–TD–GC–MS
Authors: Moyano Lourdes , Varo M. Ángeles , Núñez Lázaro , López‐Toledano Azahara , Serratosa María P.
Published: July 2024

Cuban wine is a traditional alcoholic beverage elaborated with a wide variety of raw materials, such as native grapes, tropical fruits, and rice, and different winemaking processes. Research on Cuban wines is almost nonexistent, and therefore, a study of these wines is necessary to improve their quality. Dynamic headspace (DHS)‐TD‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was carried out to establish the different aroma fingerprints of different Cuban wines. A total of 42 volatile aroma metabolites (VAMs) were identified, including esters, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, volatile phenols, terpenes, and lactones. The odorant activity values (OAV) of each VAM were obtained, and the esters were the most relevant group due to their highest OAV. Ethyl octanoate, hexanoate, and butanoate stand out and are considered key odorants in the aromatic fingerprint. The VAMs were grouped into seven aromatic series. Fruity series showed the highest OAVs due to the contribution of ethyl esters and acetates. Principal component analysis was used to identify the specific parameters most accurately reflecting the differences between the wines. Showing that fruity, spicy, and chemical aromatic series allow distinguishing the wines into three aroma types. These results may provide useful information for the selection of raw materials and optimization of the traditional winemaking processes of Cuban wines.

Practical Application

This research contributes to knowledge of the aroma and the oenological parameters of traditional and selected Cuban wines (rice wine, tropical fruit wine, and native grape varieties). The establishing of the aroma fingerprint of these wines provides useful information for the industrial development of a quality product that may then be promoted in other areas of the world.
Delirium diagnostic tools in the postoperative setting: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Hansen Charlotte Levy , Thomsen Thordis , Tøgern Aske , Møller Ann Merete , Vester‐Andersen Morten , Overgaard Søren , Foss Nicolai Bang , Hägi‐Pedersen Daniel
Published: July 2024

Background

Delirium is an acute and fluctuating disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition, commonly observed in hospital settings, particularly among older adults, critically ill and surgical patients. Delirium poses significant challenges in patient care, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and functional decline.

Aim

The aim of this review is to map existing evidence on delirium diagnostic tools suitable for use in patients treated surgically due to hip fracture, to inform clinical practice and enhance patient care protocols in the postoperative setting.

Method

We will conduct a scoping review on delirium diagnostic tools used for adult patients in the postoperative setting according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). Eligibility criteria encompass all languages, publications dates, and study designs, with exception of case‐reports. We will systematically search multiple databases and include unpublished trials, ensuring a comprehensive review based on a predefined protocol.

Results

Results will be presented descriptively, with supplementary tables and graphs. Studies will be grouped by design, surgical specialties, and diagnostic tools to identify potential variations.

Conclusion

This scoping review will provide an overview of existing delirium diagnostic tools used in the postoperative setting and highlight knowledge‐gaps to support future research. Due to the large number of patients affected by postoperative delirium, evidence mapping is much needed to facilitate evidence‐based practice.
Temporal and behavioural niche partitioning underlies coexistence within a native‐exotic rodent assemblage exploiting a high‐value limited resource
Authors: Cordero Sebastián , Gálvez Francisca , Fontúrbel Francisco E.
Published: July 2024

Niche partitioning is a common strategy species use to avoid competition for limited resources, allowing them to coexist. Rodent species often reduce competition by spatial segregation and trophic differentiation, but behavioural differences, particularly related to foraging, can also be important. Therefore, temporal segregation can also be an important mechanism for species coexistence, as it helps them avoid sub‐optimal habitats. We found three rodent species (the native Octodon degus and O. lunatus, and the exotic Rattus rattus) foraging on endemic palm Jubaea chilensis seeds, a highly valuable but limited resource. We hypothesized that these rodent species could coexist by segregating foraging in time, showing behavioural differences. To test this, we used camera traps to monitor the fate of J. chilensis seeds and rodent activity at 25 feeding stations. From 596 photographic records, we identified 128 as O. degus, 232 as O. lunatus and 236 as R. rattus. Octodon degus had a diurnal activity, while O. lunatus and R. rattus were nocturnal, showing significant temporal segregation. However, we found no spatial association among these rodents. We found significant behavioural differences in decision and handling times and seed removal rates, with O. degus having the greatest seed removal rate. Nevertheless, we found some nocturnal O. degus records in which the three rodent species were co‐foraging, which may suggest that the resource is limited but valuable enough to shift from exploitation to interference competition. Our results suggest that temporal and behavioural differentiation are more important than spatial segregation and trophic differentiation. Thus, niche partition over multiple dimensions might allow for species coexistence.
Psychological sequelae following second‐trimester termination of pregnancy: A longitudinal study
Authors: Dawood Yousif , de Vries Jana M. , van Leeuwen Elisabeth , van Eekelen Rik , de Bakker Bernadette S. , Boelen Paul A. , Pajkrt Eva
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The decision to terminate a pregnancy due to fetal anomalies can have a significant emotional impact, especially in second‐trimester terminations. Previous studies on the psychological consequences of pregnancy termination have had limitations, and little is known about the outcomes for partners and the impact of fetal donation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the psychological effects of second‐trimester pregnancy termination and identify factors associated with outcomes in both women and men, including donation of fetal remains to science.

Material and Methods

A longitudinal cohort study was conducted at the Amsterdam UMC in the Netherlands, involving women and partners who underwent termination at or before 23 weeks and 6 days of gestation. Questionnaires were administered at termination, 6 weeks, and 4 months after. We utilized validated questionnaires to assess psychological morbidity (grief, post‐traumatic stress and postnatal depression and quality of life [QoL]), and factors that could potentially influence outcomes.

Results

Of 241 participants, women displayed more pronounced psychological distress than men, though both groups improved over time. Four months after termination, 27.4% of women and 9.1% of men showed signs of pathological grief. Scores indicative for postnatal depression occurred in 19.8% women and 4.1% of men. A prior psychiatric history was a consistent predictor of poorer outcomes. Fetal donation to the Dutch Fetal Biobank was associated with reduced likelihood of symptoms of complicated grief four months after termination.

Conclusions

Second‐trimester termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies can lead to psychological morbidity, particularly in women. However, there is a notable improvement over time for both groups. Individuals with prior psychiatric history appear more vulnerable post‐termination. Also, fetal donation to science did not have a negative impact on psychological well‐being.
Persistent albuminuria and chronic kidney disease in adults with sickle cell anaemia: Results from a multicenter natural history study
Authors: Zhou Laura Y. , Derebail Vimal K. , Desai Payal C. , Elsherif Laila , Patillo Kammie L. , McCune Paula , Wichlan David , Landes Kristina , Ogu Ugochi O. , Nelson Marquita , Loehr Laura R. , Cronin Robert M. , Tang Yihan , Cai Jianwen , Ataga Kenneth I.
Published: July 2024

Clinical and laboratory correlates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in sickle cell anaemia remain incompletely defined. In a multicenter cohort study, we evaluated the prevalence of persistent albuminuria (PA) and characteristics associated with PA, albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR) and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using logistic, linear and multinomial regression models, respectively. Of 269 participants (median age: 30 years; 57.2% females), the prevalence of PA was 35.7%. Using baseline ACR values of <100 and ≥100 mg/g, the probabilities of PA were 30.0% and 94.6%, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, male sex (β = 0.80 [SE = 0.36], p = 0.024) and ACE inhibitors/ARBs use (β = 1.54 [SE = 0.43], p < 0.001) were associated with higher likelihoods of PA, while higher haemoglobin (β = −0.33 [SE = 0.13], p = 0.009) and HbF (β = −0.04 [SE = 0.02], p = 0.041) were associated with lower likelihoods of PA. In multivariable multinomial regression analyses, older age (β = 0.06 [SE = 0.02], p = 0.004) and higher alkaline phosphatase (β = 0.01 [SE = 0.00], p = 0.004) were associated with higher odds of having eGFR 60–90 versus eGFR>90 mL/min/1.73 m2 using the cystatin C‐based CKD‐EPI‐2012 equation. Additionally, higher systolic blood pressure (β = 0.11 [SE = 0.03], p = 0.001) and blood urea nitrogen (β = 0.45 [SE = 0.12], p < 0.001) were associated with higher odds, while higher haemoglobin (β = −1.22 [SE = 0.43], p = 0.004) was associated with lower odds of having eGFR<60 versus eGFR>90 mL/min/1.73 m2. PA and decreased eGFR are associated with measures of disease severity and comorbid conditions (Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03277547).
Motivations to engage in collective action: A latent profile analysis of refugee supporters
Authors: Yip Lisette , Thomas Emma F. , Bliuc Ana‐Maria , Boza Mihaela , Kende Anna , Lizzio‐Wilson Morgana , Reese Gerhard , Smith Laura G. E.
Published: July 2024

What motivates people to participate in collective action? Some actions such as symbolic or online actions are often critiqued as performative allyship, motivated by personal gain rather than genuine concern for the cause. We aim to adjudicate this argument by examining the quality of motivations for acting, drawing on the insights of self‐determination theory and the social identity approach. Using latent profile analysis, we examined whether there are different types of supporters of refugees based on their underlying motives. In Study 1, we surveyed supporters of Syrian refugees from six nations (N = 936) and measured autonomous and controlled motivation, pro‐refugee identification and collective action. In Study 2 (N = 1994), we surveyed supporters of Ukrainian refugees in Romania, Hungary and the UK. We found 4–5 profiles in each sample and consistently found that supporters with high autonomous motivation take more action than disengaged or ambivalent supporters (low/neutral on all motives). However, contrary to the tenets of self‐determination theory, those high in both autonomous and controlled motives were the most engaged. We conclude that the most committed supporters are those with multiple motives, but further research is needed on the role of controlled motivation.
Relevance of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) dynamics for receptor activation, signalling bias and allosteric modulation
Authors: Lopez‐Balastegui Marta , Stepniewski Tomasz Maciej , Kogut‐Günthel Małgorzata M. , Di Pizio Antonella , Rosenkilde Mette Marie , Mao Jiafei , Selent Jana
Published: July 2024

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the major drug targets. In recent years, computational drug design for GPCRs has mainly focused on static structures obtained through X‐ray crystallography, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) or in silico modelling as a starting point for virtual screening campaigns. However, GPCRs are highly flexible entities with the ability to adopt different conformational states that elicit different physiological responses. Including this knowledge in the drug discovery pipeline can help to tailor novel conformation‐specific drugs with an improved therapeutic profile. In this review, we outline our current knowledge about GPCR dynamics that is relevant for receptor activation, signalling bias and allosteric modulation. Ultimately, we highlight new technological implementations such as time‐resolved X‐ray crystallography and cryo‐EM as well as computational algorithms that can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of receptor dynamics and its relevance for GPCR functionality.
Intravenous Immunoglobulins Alone for the Desensitization of Lung Transplant Recipients with Preformed Donor Specific Antibodies and Negative Flow Cytometry Crossmatch
Authors: Abdulqawi Rayid , Alawwami Moheeb , Aldosari Omar , Aldosari Zyad , Alhuqbani Mohammed , Saleh Rana A. , Esendagli Dorina , Aldakhil Haifa , De Vol Edward B. , Alkattan Khaled , Marquez Kris Ann H. , Saleh Waleed , Sandoqa Sahar , Al‐Mutairy Eid A.
Published: July 2024

Background

The lack of evidence regarding optimal desensitization strategies for lung transplant candidates with preformed donor specific anti‐human leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSAs) has led to varying approaches among centers towards this patient group. Our institution's desensitization protocol for recipients with preformed DSAs and negative flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM) consists of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as the sole therapy. The study aimed to determine outcomes using this approach.

Methods

This retrospective study included adults who underwent lung‐only transplantation for the first time between January 2015 and March 2022 at a single center. We excluded patients with positive or missing FCXM results. Transplant recipients with any DSA ≥ 1000 MFI on latest testing within three months of transplant were considered DSA‐positive, while recipients with DSAs <1000 MFI and those without DSAs were assigned to the low‐level/negative group. Graft survival (time to death/retransplantation) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD)‐free times were compared between groups using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Thirty‐six out of 167 eligible patients (22%) were DSA‐positive. At least 50% of preformed DSAs had documented clearance (decrease to <1000 MFI) within the first 6 months of transplant. Multivariable Cox regression analyses did not detect a significantly increased risk of graft failure (aHR 1.04 95%CI 0.55–1.97) or chronic lung allograft dysfunction (aHR 0.71 95%CI 0.34–1.52) in DSA‐positive patients compared to patients with low‐level/negative DSAs. Incidences of antibody‐mediated rejection (p = 1.00) and serious thromboembolic events (p = 0.63) did not differ between study groups.

Conclusion

We describe a single‐center experience of administering IVIG alone to lung transplant recipients with preformed DSAs and negative FCXM. Further studies are required to confirm the efficacy of this strategy against other protocols.
Front Cover
Authors: Cheung Johnny T. K. , Yang Aimin , Wu Hongjiang , Lau Eric S. H. , Lui Juliana , Kong Alice P. S. , Ma Ronald C. W. , Luk Andrea O. Y. , Chow Elaine , Chan Juliana C. N.
Published: July 2024

The cover image is based on the Original Article Association of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor initiation at glycated haemoglobin <7.5% with reduced major clinical events mediated by low glycated haemoglobin variability by Johnny T. K. Cheung MBChB and Aimin Yang PhD et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15662.

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Review of speckle tracking analysis to measure the size, shape, and contractility of the fetal heart in fetuses with congenital heart defects
Authors: DeVore Greggory R. , Klas Berthold , Cuneo Bettina , Satou Gary , Sklansky Mark
Published: July 2024

Evaluation of the fetal heart involves two approaches. The first describes a screening protocol in which the heart is imaged in transverse planes that includes the four‐chamber view (4CV), left and right outflow tracts, and the 3‐vessel‐tracheal view. The second approach is a fetal echocardiogram that requires additional cardiac images as well as evaluating ventricular function using diagnostic tools such as M‐mode and pulsed Doppler ultrasound. Speckle tracking analysis of the ventricular and atrial endocardium of the fetal heart has focused primarily on computing longitudinal global strain. However, the technology enabling this measurement to occur has recently been adapted to enable the clinician to obtain numerous additional measurements of the size, shape, and contractility of the ventricles and atrial chambers. By using the increased number of measurements derived from speckle tracking analysis, we have reported the ability to screen for tetralogy of Fallot, D‐transposition of the great arteries (D‐TGA), and coarctation of the aorta by only imaging the 4CV. In addition, we have found that measurements derived from speckle tracking analysis of the ventricular and atrial chambers can be used to compute the risk for emergent neonatal balloon atrial septostomy in fetuses with D‐TGA. The purpose of this review is to consolidate our experience in one source to provide perspective on the benefits of speckle tracking analysis to measure the size, shape, and contractility of the ventricles and atria imaged in the 4CV in fetuses with congenital heart defects.
Caregiving stress and maternal mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Quigley Kelsey M. , Kwon Rachel , Nelson Charles A. , Bosquet Enlow Michelle
Published: July 2024

It has now been extensively documented that parental mental health has deteriorated since the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Although pandemic‐related stress has been widespread, parents faced the unique challenge of navigating remote schooling. Parental oversight of children's education, loss of access to school supportive resources, and the challenges of remote learning may have been most problematic for parents of children with or at elevated risk for mental health difficulties. In the current study, we examined interactive effects of parent‐reported pandemic‐related caregiving stress and child internalizing and externalizing problems on parental depressive symptoms in a community‐based cohort (N = 115) in the Northeast of the United States. Results indicated that parents experiencing higher levels of pandemic‐related caregiving stress whose children exhibited elevated externalizing behaviors reported heightened levels of depressive symptoms. Greater child internalizing problems were associated with higher parental depressive symptoms independent of caregiving stress. These findings point to conditions that might heighten risk for parent mental health challenges in the context of ongoing remote or hybrid learning and pandemic‐associated restrictions. Further, the findings point to conditions and characteristics that may be screened to identify and intervene with vulnerable families to mitigate mental health problems.
TLR9‐dependent dendritic cell maturation promotes IL‐6‐mediated upregulation of cathepsin X
Authors: Xu Bangyan , Anderson Bethany M , Mintern Justine D , Edgington‐Mitchell Laura E
Published: July 2024

Cysteine cathepsins are lysosomal proteases subject to dynamic regulation within antigen‐presenting cells during the immune response and associated diseases. To investigate the regulation of cathepsin X, a carboxy‐mono‐exopeptidase, during maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), we exposed immortalized mouse DCs to various Toll‐like receptor agonists. Using a cathepsin X‐selective activity‐based probe, sCy5‐Nle‐SY, we observed a significant increase in cathepsin X activation upon TLR‐9 agonism with CpG, and to a lesser extent with Pam3 (TLR1/2), FSL‐1 (TLR2/6) and LPS (TLR4). Despite clear maturation of DCs in response to Poly I:C (TLR3), cathepsin X activity was only slightly increased by this agonist, suggesting differential regulation of cathepsin X downstream of TLR activation. We demonstrated that cathepsin X was upregulated at the transcriptional level in response to CpG. This occurred at late time points and was not dampened by NF‐κB inhibition. Factors secreted from CpG‐treated cells were able to provoke cathepsin X upregulation when applied to naïve cells. Among these factors was IL‐6, which on its own was sufficient to induce transcriptional upregulation and activation of cathepsin X. IL‐6 is highly secreted by DCs in response to CpG but much less so in response to poly I:C, and inhibition of the IL‐6 receptor subunit glycoprotein 130 prevented CpG‐mediated cathepsin X upregulation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that cathepsin X is differentially transcribed during DC maturation in response to diverse stimuli, and that secreted IL‐6 is critical for its dynamic regulation.
Alike but genetically divergent: The resurrection of Urotrygon asterias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883) from its closest relatives, the Munda and the Blotched stingray
Authors: Ehemann Nicolás Roberto , Hernández Sebastían , Siccha‐Ramírez Raquel , García‐Rodríguez Francisco Javier , De La Cruz‐Agüero José
Published: July 2024

The genus Urotrygon comprises small‐ to medium‐sized endemic round rays on the American continent and has undergone several synonymization processes. Here, we used an integrative taxonomic approach, including meristic, morphometric, and mtDNA analyses, to resolve the particularly intricate relationship among Urotrygon munda Gill, 1863, Urotrygon chilensis (Günther, 1872), and Urotrygon asterias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883). The latter species is currently a synonym of U. munda but is also considered the U. chilensis “northern morphotype.” These taxonomic entities have historically been confounded, mainly due to their phenotypical resemblance along their geographic distribution in the eastern Pacific. We assessed 78 specimens (43 “northern” and 30 “southern morphotypes” of U. chilensis, as well as 5 U. munda) using 19 external variables for taxonomic and morphometric analysis. Distinct meristic patterns, including pectoral and pelvic ceratotrichia, vertebrae number, and thorn distribution along the dorsal midline, were observed in the series‐type specimens of the three taxonomic entities. Our multivariate morphometric analyses consistently differentiated the three groups as distinct taxonomic entities, with an overall classification accuracy of 66.7%. The meristic results also provided reliable information distinguishing the three entities. Based on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH2) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes, our phylogenetic analysis were consistent with the morphometric and meristic data, supporting these three entities as distinct species having their own evolutionary lineages. Our comprehensive approach confidently demonstrated that the northern U. chilensis morphotype matched and corresponded to the description of the Starry round ray, U. asterias, confirming its taxonomic resurrection as a valid species distinct from U. chilensis and U. munda. The geographic distribution of U. asterias spans from the tropical west coast of Mexico (including the Gulf of California) to Costa Rica, revealing that microevolutionary processes have well‐defined population clades within this range. Furthermore, U. chilensis is unequivocally established as the sole Urotrygon species occurring south of the Guayaquil marine ecoregion. In addition, the public COI and NADH2 sequences available for Urotrygon hosted in the ad hoc online databases were found to be misidentified, emphasizing the need for rigorous taxonomic scrutiny in this group. Finally, our research underscores the significance of an integrative approach that combines morphometric, meristic, and molecular techniques with historical data to disentangle the complexities of closely related taxa.
Family management and corporate charitable donations in Chinese family firms: An inverted u‐shaped relationship
Authors: You Xialei , Su Emma , Dou Junsheng
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the influence of family management on corporate charitable donations. Drawing from the literature on socioemotional wealth, we propose that the level of family management and corporate charitable donations presents an inverted U‐shaped relationship, and that this inverted U‐shaped relationship is weakened by firm diversification levels and an unfair competition environment. An analysis of a comprehensive data set comprising 9266 firm‐year observations, encompassing 1445 publicly listed Chinese family firms from 2010 to 2021, provides empirical support for our hypotheses. The results remain robust when accounting for endogeneity concerns. This study contributes to the growing body of research on environmental, social, and governance in the field of finance and accounting, and enhances our knowledge of sustainability practices in family firms.
Mechanisms of vacuolar phosphate efflux supporting soybean root hair growth in response to phosphate deficiency
Authors: Shan Zhong , Chu Yanli , Sun Guangfang , Chen Rui , Yan Jun , He Qiwei , Liu Yingna , Wang Bin , Luan Mingda , Lan Wenzhi
Published: July 2024

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. In response to phosphate (Pi) deficiency, plants rapidly produce a substitutive amount of root hairs; however, the mechanisms underlying Pi supply for root hair growth remain unclear. Here, we observed that soybean (Glycine max) plants maintain a consistent level of Pi within root hairs even under external Pi deficiency. We therefore investigated the role of vacuole‐stored Pi, a major Pi reservoir in plant cells, in supporting root hair growth under Pi‐deficient conditions. Our findings indicated that two vacuolar Pi efflux (VPE) transporters, GmVPE1 and GmVPE2, remobilize vacuolar stored Pi to sustain cytosolic Pi content in root hair cells. Genetic analysis showed that double mutants of GmVPE1 and GmVPE2 exhibited reduced root hair growth under low Pi conditions. Moreover, GmVPE1 and GmVPE2 were highly expressed in root hairs, with their expression levels significantly upregulated by low Pi treatment. Further analysis revealed that GmRSL2 (ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6‐like 2), a transcription factor involved in root hair morphogenesis, directly binds to the promoter regions of GmVPE1 and GmVPE2, and promotes their expressions under low Pi conditions. Additionally, mutants lacking both GmRSL2 and its homolog GmRSL3 exhibited impaired root hair growth under low Pi stress, which was rescued by overexpressing either GmVPE1 or GmVPE2. Taken together, our study has identified a module comprising vacuolar Pi exporters and transcription factors responsible for remobilizing vacuolar Pi to support root hair growth in response to Pi deficiency in soybean.
The Role of Midwives in US Perinatal Palliative Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Schafer Robyn , LoGiudice Jenna A. , Hargwood Pamela , Wilpers Abigail
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Perinatal palliative care (PPC) is a rapidly growing and essential reproductive health care option for pregnant persons with a diagnosed life‐limiting fetal condition who continue their pregnancy. The provision of PPC is within the scope of basic midwifery competencies, and midwives are well‐positioned to make unique and valuable contributions to interprofessional PPC teams. However, little is known about midwives’ past or current involvement in PPC in the United States.

Methods

This scoping review of the literature investigated what is known about the role of midwives in PPC in the United States. Multiple databases of published literature were used for this review: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and relevant citations from identified studies. All types of English language publications addressing midwives’ involvement in PPC in the United States were included, without any limitations on publication date.

Results

The role and contributions of midwives in PPC is not well represented in existing literature. Of the 259 results identified, 7 publications met criteria for inclusion. These included 5 case reports, one quantitative research article, and one conference abstract. Midwives are involved in PPC through the provision of direct clinical care (including antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum, neonatal, bereavement, postmortem, and follow‐up care) and care planning and coordination as part of an interprofessional team.

Discussion

Despite midwives being uniquely positioned to provide holistic, family‐centered, and person‐centered care in situations of pregnancy with life‐limiting fetal conditions, there is limited literature about their involvement in PPC in the United States. PPC should be incorporated into midwifery education and training programs. Midwives should play a central role in shaping future research and policies to ensure the accessibility and quality of PPC.
European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2024 guidance paper for the management of well‐differentiated small intestine neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Lamarca Angela , Bartsch Detlef K. , Caplin Martyn , Kos‐Kudla Beata , Kjaer Andreas , Partelli Stefano , Rinke Anja , Janson Eva Tiensuu , Thirlwell Christina , van Velthuysen Marie‐Louise F. , Vullierme Marie‐Pierre , Pavel Marianne
Published: July 2024

Both the incidence and prevalence of well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumours from the small intestine (Si‐NET) are gradually increasing. Most patients have non‐functioning tumours with subtle GI symptoms and tumours are often discovered incidentally by endoscopy or at advanced disease stages by imaging depicting mesenteric lymph node and /or liver metastases while around 30% of the patients present with symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome. Adequate biochemical assessment and staging including functional imaging is crucial for treatment‐related decision‐making that should take place in an expert multidisciplinary team setting. Preferably, patients should be referred to specialised ENETS Centres of Excellence or centres of high expertise in the field. This guidance paper provides the current evidence and best knowledge for the management of Si‐NET grade (G) 1–3 following 10 key questions of practical relevance for the diagnostic and therapeutic decision making.
A clinical and novel dermoscopic investigation of combined peels as a hand aging treatment
Authors: Yenny Satya Wydya , Julia Dwi Sabtika , Lestari Andriani Fuji , Al Hazmi Auliya , Ilmiawati Cimi
Published: July 2024

Background

The hands are one of the areas where skin aging is most noticeable, alongside the face, but limited studies used dermoscopic evaluation on hand aging. The Dermoscopy Photoaging Scale (DPAS) is frequently used to assess face aging but is never used for hand aging. Treating skin aging using chemical peeling is a commonly used method to rejuvenate the skin on the hands, as it is relatively affordable. Using multiple chemical peels may yield more significant results.

Aims

To determine the effectiveness of a chemical peeling combination in retarding hand aging and to assess the utility of DPAS in this process.

Methods

This study involved 69 Fitzpatrick skin types III–IV volunteers aged 20–69. One hand of each participant was treated with 20% glycolic acid (GA), while the other received a combination of peels consisting of 20% GA and 15% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The hands were clinically examined before and after the treatments, and dermoscopic examinations were performed using a modified DPAS.

Results

Four treatments improved clinical and dermoscopic characteristics in both hands. The combined peeling considerably improved pigmentation intensity on the dorsal hand compared to the GA peel (p < 0.001). Post‐chemical peeling patient satisfaction increased significantly.

Conclusions

The modified DPAS is a valuable instrument to assess the signs of hand aging. The combination of GA and TCA effectively improves skin aging of the hands and offers an accessible and economical option for addressing skin aging.
A spatiotemporal comparison of interobserver error in vegetation sampling
Authors: Morrison Lloyd W. , Leis Sherry A. , Short Mary F. , DeBacker Michael D.
Published: July 2024

Questions

We asked how interobserver error in sampling vegetation (excluding trees) varied over time, space and habitat type; determined whether there were any obvious correlates of observer error; and evaluated evidence of bias among observers.

Location

Nine national park units in the Midwestern USA.

Methods

We quantified observer error in the context of a long‐term monitoring program employing three observers, evaluating interobserver error across 11 locations in the Midwestern USA over five years. The vegetation (excluding trees) was sampled independently by two teams of observers at prairie and woodland locations (n = 94 plots total).

Results

Total pseudoturnover ranged between 20.2% and 22.1% at prairie locations, and between 16.8% and 28.6% at woodland locations. The overlooking component of pseudoturnover accounted for 75% or more of total pseudoturnover, with misidentification and cautious components each contributing 19% or less of the total, depending on location. The percentage of comparisons in which both observers recorded the same cover class ranged from 71.3% to 78.5% at the prairie locations and 56.9% to 85.6% at woodland locations. When observers did not agree on cover class, they were off by more than one class less than 6% of the time. Overlooking error was more likely to occur for species with less cover, while estimation error was more likely to occur for species with greater cover. A bias existed among observers, as the least experienced observer recorded 6.2%–11.8% more species than the other two observers. Interobserver bias also existed for rates of estimation error, as one observer consistently recorded higher cover classes.

Conclusions

Observer error is a pervasive aspect of vegetation sampling. Continued training and experience yielded limited increases in precision. Elements of the sampling design probably reduced observer error to a certain degree, although some level of interobserver error in vegetation surveys is unavoidable.
Judicial transformation in a competitive authoritarian regime: Evidence from the Turkish case
Authors: Esen Berk
Published: July 2024

What accounts for the variation in the judiciary's ability to serve as a democratic guardrail under populist rule? This article contends that populist governments use judicial activism against their political agenda to portray courts as institutions that curtail popular sovereignty and subsequently adopt a democratizing discourse to conceal their assault on the judiciary. Based on the Turkish case under the rule of the AKP (Justice and Development Party), it explores how the judiciary's democratic deficits provided a legitimation strategy for the ruling party's gradual capture of the courts. During its initial term, the right‐wing populist AKP government faced staunch opposition from high courts aligned with the secular establishment. In response, it strategically used the Turkish Constitutional Court's counter‐majoritarian decisions to legitimize its actions, paving the way for court‐packing and other forms of judicial manipulation through a series of constitutional amendments. These changes set a dangerous precedent for future clashes with the judiciary, hastening the erosion of Turkish democracy and the subsequent shift toward a competitive authoritarian regime.
Superficial skin necrosis as a rare complication of inferior alveolar nerve block in Egyptian child: A case report
Authors: Abd‐Elsabour Mennat Allah Ashraf , Khattab Nagwa Mohamed Ali
Published: July 2024

Aim

The aim of the presented case report was to report a rare complication of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) in a 5‐year‐and‐4‐month‐old child and to discuss the possible complications.

Materials and Methods

Five years and four months old Egyptian male child presented in paediatric dentistry practice complaining of pain in the lower right primary molars that kept him awake all night. Examination revealed decayed lower right primary first and second molars and the treatment plan was designed to include a pulpectomy procedure for tooth 85 and a pulpotomy procedure for tooth 84. Administration of 1 mL of arctician 4% with 1:100,000 epinephrine anaesthetic solution using the inferior alveolar nerve block technique was done uneventfully. Then, the dental procedure was done as usual. The next morning, the child presented to the dental practice with a non‐painful change in colour in the lower part of the child's right cheek, with small scanty blisters.

Results

The possible causes of such a complication and the proper management are discussed in this article with a confirmation of the superficial skin necrosis as the most possible cause.

Conclusion

Although proper awareness of the anatomical structures of the orofacial region along with meticulous administration technique of local anaesthesia is mandatory for the everyday dental practice, the dentist may face possible, sometimes rare complications of local anaesthesia and he should be able to manage them probably.
Does Inequality Have Momentum? The Implications of Convex Inequality Regimes for Mortality Dynamics
Authors: Hendi Arun S.
Published: July 2024

For decades, educational inequalities in mortality have widened and mortality among the least educated has stalled, even as overall mortality has improved, and an increasing proportion of young people have completed secondary and tertiary education. While researchers recognize that these trends are in part related to changing selection into education groups, there has been no unifying framework for understanding why the trends may be related. This article provides a unifying framework by introducing a concept called the “convex inequality regime,” a diminishing returns relationship between relative education and mortality. In populations where convex inequality regimes prevail, even without any changes in the institutions governing inequality or any changes in overall mortality conditions, education transitions result in an increase in mortality for the less educated and an increase in mortality inequality between education groups. The model also shows that lifespan variation increases for lower education groups because convex inequality regimes tend to increase relative mortality more rapidly at younger ages during an education transition. Even after an education transition is complete, inequality between education groups will continue to increase for decades due to the momentum of inequality, a cohort replacement phenomenon where younger more unequal cohorts replace older more equal cohorts.
The promise of public sociology in India: Looking at Burawoy and beyond
Authors: Sinha Anushka , Raj Aditya
Published: July 2024

The trajectory of the academic discipline of sociology is an attestation to the quest for civility and sociability. We believe that the promise of public sociology will rejuvenate scholars to commit to better engagement with one another and with the public. We situate and draw from the scholarly contributions of Michael Burawoy to reflect on sociology's longstanding critical imagination, hoping that the world could be different. We place ourselves on the continuum of what is and what ought to be for better lived experiences and a sustainable planet. We draw from the work of sociologists in India, which continues to guide us to amplify the voices of the unheard and the issues of public concern. To be inclusive, sustainable, democratic, and humane, we need to move beyond structurally ingrained processes within academia and make bridges that are open to all. The deliberation furthered in this paper will encourage young scholars to be more concerned for engaging multiple publics and, thereby, help the discipline of sociology itself.
Framing resilience linked to parental ethnic‐racial socialization as hidden: A hidden resilience conceptual framework
Authors: Del Toro Juan , Bernard Donte , Lee Richard M. , Adam Emma K.
Published: July 2024

Parental ethnic‐racial socialization is a source of adolescents' resilience against ethnic‐racial discrimination. Recent meta‐analyses have documented the promotive aspects of ethnic‐racial socialization (i.e., how ethnic‐racial socialization is directly related with adolescents' adjustment regardless of their discrimination experiences). However, extant empirical studies have produced conflicting results about the protection or moderating role of ethnic‐racial socialization, with studies suggesting that ethnic‐racial socialization buffers, exacerbates, or does not moderate the impacts of ethnic‐racial discrimination. We offer a reconceptualization of existing studies' findings and draw from existing theories to propose Hidden Resilience as a new conceptual framework that highlights how resilience and the positive benefits linked to ethnic‐racial socialization may not be noticeable when studies use psychosocial measures but is rather hidden “underneath the skin.” Conversations about racism may momentarily feel uncomfortable, upsetting, or stressful for youth, but such conversations can help youth learn how to cope with ethnic‐racial discrimination in the long term. Following a review of studies supporting our conceptual framework, we provide suggestions for future research to expand the field's understanding of resilience linked to ethnic‐racial socialization.