bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Potential Vulnerability and Response of Fish to Simulated Avian Predation after Exposure to Psychotropic Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Hedgespeth Melanie , Nilsson Per , Berglund Olof
Published: April 2016

Psychotropic pharmaceuticals present in the environment may impact organisms both directly and via interaction strengths with other organisms, including predators; therefore, this study examined the potential effects of pharmaceuticals on behavioral responses of fish to avian predators. Wild-caught juvenile perch (Perca fluviatilis) were assayed using a striking bird model after a seven-day exposure to psychotropic pharmaceuticals (the antidepressants fluoxetine or sertraline, or the β-blocker propranolol) under the hypotheses that exposure would increase vulnerability to avian predation via increasing the probability of predator encounter as well as degrading evasive behaviors upon encounter. None of the substances significantly affected swimming activity of the fish, nor did they increase vulnerability by affecting encounter probability or evasive endpoints compared to control treatments. Counter to our expectations, fish exposed to 100 μg/L fluoxetine (but no other concentrations or pharmaceuticals) were less likely to enter the open area of the arena, i.e., less likely to engage in risky behavior that could lead to predator encounters. Additionally, all fish exposed to environmentally relevant, low concentrations of sertraline (0.12 μg/L) and propranolol (0.1 μg/L) sought refuge after the simulated attack. Our unexpected results warrant further research as they have interesting implications on how these psychotropic pharmaceuticals may affect predator-prey interactions spanning the terrestrial-aquatic interface.
The Influence of Statistical Uncertainty in the Hydraulic Boundary Conditions on the Probabilistically Computed High Water Level Frequency Curve in the Rhine Delta
Authors: Zhong Hua , Van Gelder Pieter , Wang Wen , Wang Gaoxu , Liu Yongzhi , Niu Shuai
Published: April 2016

The hydrodynamic characteristics of a delta or estuary are mainly governed by discharges of rivers and water level at the sea (or lake) boundaries. A joint probability approach is widely applied to quantify the high water level frequency in deltas. In the approach the relevant hydrodynamic loading variables, namely the astronomical tides, the wind induced storm surge and the river flows, are jointly investigated. The joint probability distribution is used to generate a large number of scenarios of boundary conditions which can drive a deterministic model to derive the water levels at locations of interest. The resulting water levels as well as their associated joint probabilities can be inverted to the high water level frequency curve. However, in the joint probability distribution, marginal distributions may contain large statistical uncertainties due to their relevant parameters being estimated from a limited length of data. In the case of the Rhine Delta, a nonparametric bootstrap method is applied to quantify the statistical uncertainties in three critical marginal distributions: wind induced storm surge peak level, wind induced storm surge duration and River Rhine discharge. The uncertainties are incorporated into the marginal distributions with a Monte Carlo integration method. Further the uncertainty-incorporated marginal distributions are used for the high water level frequency assessment. Compared to previous studies, water levels for given return periods are much higher. The uncertainty differs in each marginal distribution and its impact on the high water level frequency curve also varies.
EMBEDDED CLUSTERS IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD USING THE VISTA MAGELLANIC CLOUDS SURVEY*
Authors: Romita Krista , Lada Elizabeth , Cioni Maria-Rosa
Published: April 2016

We present initial results of the first large-scale survey of embedded star clusters in molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using near-infrared imaging from the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy Magellanic Clouds Survey. We explored a ∼1.65 deg2 area of the LMC, which contains the well-known star-forming region 30 Doradus as well as ∼14% of the galaxy’s CO clouds, and identified 67 embedded cluster candidates, 45 of which are newly discovered as clusters. We have determined the sizes, luminosities, and masses for these embedded clusters, examined the star formation rates (SFRs) of their corresponding molecular clouds, and made a comparison between the LMC and the Milky Way. Our preliminary results indicate that embedded clusters in the LMC are generally larger, more luminous, and more massive than those in the local Milky Way. We also find that the surface densities of both embedded clusters and molecular clouds is ∼3 times higher than in our local environment, the embedded cluster mass surface density is ∼40 times higher, the SFR is ∼20 times higher, and the star formation efficiency is ∼10 times higher. Despite these differences, the SFRs of the LMC molecular clouds are consistent with the SFR scaling law presented in Lada et al. This consistency indicates that while the conditions of embedded cluster formation may vary between environments, the overall process within molecular clouds may be universal.
PRIMUS + DEEP2: CLUSTERING OF X-RAY, RADIO, AND IR-AGNs AT z ∼ 0.7
Authors: Mendez Alexander J. , Coil Alison L. , Aird James , Skibba Ramin A. , Diamond-Stanic Aleksandar M. , Moustakas John , Blanton Michael R. , Cool Richard J. , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Wong Kenneth C. , Zhu Guangtun
Published: April 2016

We measure the clustering of X-ray, radio, and mid-IR-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at

0.2
<
z
<
1.2

using multi-wavelength imaging and spectroscopic redshifts from the PRIMUS and DEEP2 redshift surveys, covering seven separate fields spanning ∼10. Using the cross-correlation of AGNs with dense galaxy samples, we measure the clustering scale length and slope, as well as the bias, of AGNs selected at different wavelengths. Similar to previous studies, we find that X-ray and radio AGNs are more clustered than mid-IR-selected AGNs. We further compare the clustering of each AGN sample with matched galaxy samples designed to have the same stellar mass, star-formation rate (SFR), and redshift distributions as the AGN host galaxies and find no significant differences between their clustering properties. The observed differences in the clustering of AGNs selected at different wavelengths can therefore be explained by the clustering differences of their host populations, which have different distributions in both stellar mass and SFR. Selection biases inherent in AGN selection therefore determine the clustering of observed AGN samples. We further find no significant difference between the clustering of obscured and unobscured AGNs, using IRAC or Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer colors or X-ray hardness ratio.
DISCOVERY OF A SUPERCLUSTER AT z ∼ 0.91 AND TESTING THE ΛCDM COSMOLOGICAL MODEL
Authors: Kim Jae-Woo , Im Myungshin , Lee Seong-Kook , Edge Alastair C. , Hyun Minhee , Kim Dohyeong , Choi Changsu , Hong Jueun , Jeon Yiseul , Jun Hyunsung David , Karouzos Marios , Kim Duho , Kim Ji Hoon , Kim Yongjung , Park Won-Kee , Taak Yoon Chan , Yoon Yongmin
Published: April 2016

The ΛCDM cosmological model successfully reproduces many aspects of the galaxy and structure formation of the universe. However, the growth of large-scale structures (LSSs) in the early universe is not well tested yet with observational data. Here, we have utilized wide and deep optical–near-infrared data in order to search for distant galaxy clusters and superclusters (0.8 < z < 1.2). From the spectroscopic observation with the Inamori Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph (IMACS) on the Magellan telescope, three massive clusters at z ∼ 0.91 are confirmed in the SSA22 field. Interestingly, all of them have similar redshifts within Δ z ∼ 0.01 with velocity dispersions ranging from 470 to 1300 km s−1. Moreover, as the maximum separation is ∼15 Mpc, they compose a supercluster at z ∼ 0.91, meaning that this is one of the most massive superclusters at this redshift to date. The galaxy density map implies that the confirmed clusters are embedded in a larger structure stretching over ∼100 Mpc. ΛCDM models predict about one supercluster like this in our surveyed volume, consistent with our finding so far. However, there are more supercluster candidates in this field, suggesting that additional studies are required to determine if the ΛCDM cosmological model can successfully reproduce the LSSs at high redshift.
AN EXTREMELY FAST HALO HOT SUBDWARF STAR IN A WIDE BINARY SYSTEM
Authors: Németh Péter , Ziegerer Eva , Irrgang Andreas , Geier Stephan , Fürst Felix , Kupfer Thomas , Heber Ulrich
Published: April 2016

New spectroscopic observations of the halo hyper-velocity star candidate SDSS J121150.27+143716.2 (V = 17.92 mag) revealed a cool companion to the hot subdwarf primary. The components have a very similar radial velocity and their absolute luminosities are consistent with the same distance, confirming the physical nature of the binary, which is the first double-lined hyper-velocity candidate. Our spectral decomposition of the Keck/ESI spectrum provided an sdB+K3V pair, analogous to many long-period subdwarf binaries observed in the Galactic disk. We found the subdwarf atmospheric parameters:

T

eff

=
30

600
±
500

K,

log
g
=
5.57
±
0.06

cm s−2, and He abundance

log
(
n
He

/

n
H
)
=
−
3.0
±
0.2

. Oxygen is the most abundant metal in the hot subdwarf atmosphere, and Mg and Na lines are the most prominent spectral features of the cool companion, consistent with a metallicity of

[
Fe

/

H
]
=
−
1.3

. The non-detection of radial velocity variations suggest the orbital period to be a few hundred days, in agreement with similar binaries observed in the disk. Using the SDSS-III flux calibrated spectrum we measured the distance to the system

d
=
5.5
±
0.5

kpc

, which is consistent with ultraviolet, optical, and infrared photometric constraints derived from binary spectral energy distributions. Our kinematic study shows that the Galactic rest-frame velocity of the system is so high that an unbound orbit cannot be ruled out. On the other hand, a bound orbit requires a massive dark matter halo. We conclude that the binary either formed in the halo or was accreted from the tidal debris of a dwarf galaxy by the Milky Way.
HOW LYMAN ALPHA EMISSION DEPENDS ON GALAXY STELLAR MASS
Authors: Oyarzún Grecco A. , Blanc Guillermo A. , González Valentino , Mateo Mario , III John I. Bailey , Finkelstein Steven L. , Lira Paulina , Crane Jeffrey D. , Olszewski Edward W.
Published: April 2016

In this work, we show how the stellar mass (M
*) of galaxies affects the 3 < z < 4.6 Lyα equivalent width (EW) distribution. To this end, we design a sample of 629 galaxies in the M
* range

from the 3D-HST/CANDELS survey. We perform spectroscopic observations of this sample using the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System, allowing us to measure Lyα fluxes and use 3D-HST/CANDELS ancillary data. In order to study the Lyα EW distribution dependence on M
*, we split the whole sample in three stellar mass bins. We find that, in all bins, the distribution is best represented by an exponential profile of the form

. Through a Bayesian analysis, we confirm that lower M
* galaxies have higher Lyα EWs. We also find that the fraction A of galaxies featuring emission and the e-folding scale W
0 of the distribution anti-correlate with M
*, recovering expressions of the forms

and

. These results are crucial for proper interpretation of Lyα emission trends reported in the literature that may be affected by strong M
* selection biases.
L’exemple historique du Poilu en tant qu’expression de l’homonoia dans les discours institutionnels français
Authors: Trovato Loredana
Published: April 2016

Cet article a pour but l’analyse du fonctionnement, dans un cadre discursif institutionnel, de l’exemple historique du Poilu de la Première Guerre mondiale qui peut être envisagé comme un modèle, à cause de son autorité et de son prestige. Après la présentation du corpus, nous montrons comment la figure exemplaire du Poilu devient un paradeigma en raison de ses fortes connotations axiologiques. Nous explicitons ensuite ses caractéristiques en tant qu’exemple historique, ce qui nous donnera la possibilité de définir son rôle dans différents contextes discursifs, relevant principalement du genre épidictique. Nous mettons en évidence le fait que son emploi vise au maintien de l’accord sur les fondements éthiques et les orientations de la nation, et au renforcement de la cohésion et de la communion de sentiments entre les participants à la res publica. L’exemple historique du Poilu sert à renforcer l’ethos de l’orateur, et à la fois, à construire un ethos collectif à travers le partage du sentiment de philia avec l’auditoire.
De l'icône à l'exemple historique : Le discours de commémoration de Jeanne d'Arc par Marine Le Pen
Authors: Sini Lorella
Published: April 2016

Dans cette étude nous analysons comment la figure mythique de Jeanne d’Arc dans le discours de Marine Le Pen du 1er mai, s’actualise dans l’énonciation et le contexte politique particulier de l’année 2015, en exemple historique. L’évocation de la vie héroïque de la Pucelle d’Orléans est exploitée par la leader frontiste afin de construire un nouvel ethos. En s’identifiant à cette figure consensuelle, elle se pose en candidate crédible pour les futures présidentielles, et elle sert - tout en maintenant une posture « antisystème » - une opération de légitimation de son parti (la « dédiabolisation »).
Spotted
Authors: Trestian Ramona , Zaman Faisal , Muntean Gabriel-Miro
Published: April 2016

Being able to react fast to exceptional events such as riots protests or disaster preventions is of paramount importance, especially when trying to ensure peoples' safety and security, or even save lives. This chapter presents a study on the use of fully anonymized and highly aggregated cellular network data, like Call Detail Records (CDRs) in order to connect people, locations and events. The goal of the study is to see if the CDR data can be used to detect exceptional spatio-temporal patterns of the collective human mobile data usage and correlate these ‘anomalies' with real-world events (e.g., parades, public concerts, soccer match, traffic congestion, riots protests etc.). These observations could be further used to develop an intelligent system that detects exceptional events in real-time from CDRs data monitoring. Such system could be used in intelligent transportation management, urban planning, emergency situations, network resource allocation and performance optimization, etc.
The Landscape Cultural Construction
Authors: Rosa Isabel Sousa , Lopes Joana C. , Ribeiro Ricardo J.
Published: April 2016

The interdependent relation between urban settlements and their environment has been broadly neglected over the last two centuries, particularly near major urban centers. This reflects in an unbalanced and often inadequate occupation of the territory, leading to the deterioration of quality of human life by loss of ecological and cultural diversity. In this sense, it was carried out a research to develop a Potential Land-Use Plan for the Portuguese territory to assess the land suitability for the installation of multiple human activities. The concept proposed for this chapter, will be based on a reinterpretation of tradition, following the current concepts of ecological and cultural sustainability, concerning the historical occupation of the Portuguese territory focusing on the Roman period using a GIS environment.
Location-Aware Mobile Media and Advertising
Authors: Wu Mei , Yao Qi
Published: April 2016

Location-Based Services (LBS) that are combined with ubiquitous smartphones usher in a new form of information propagation: Location-Based Advertising (LBA). Modern technologies enable mobile devices to generate and update location information automatically, which facilitates marketers to launch various types of location-aware advertising and promotional services to users who are in the vicinity. This chapter conceptualizes location-aware mobile communication as the locative and mobile media with a McLuhan's notion of retrieve of “locality” in the “networked” space of information flows, and examines the current dilemma faced by LBA in China through a case study. It first defines location-aware mobile technologies and influences such media afford for location-aware advertising and information propagation. It then provides an overview of the development of LBS and LBA in China. A case study of the LBA app “SBK” further offers a detailed examination how new models of advertising are developed with the technical affordances of location awareness, sociability, and spatiality. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the constraints and potential of LBA in China.
Spatiotemporal Network Analysis and Visualization
Authors: Gelernter Judith , Carley Kathleen M.
Published: April 2016

Spatiotemporal social network analysis shows relationships among people at a particular time and location. This paper presents an algorithm that mines text for person and location words and creates connections among words. It shows how this algorithm output, when chunked by time intervals, may be visualized by third-party social network analysis software in the form of standard network pin diagrams or geographic maps. Its data sample comes from newspaper articles concerning the 2006 Darfur crisis in Sudan. Given an immense data sample, it would be possible to use the algorithm to detect trends that would predict the next geographic center(s) of influence and types of actors (foreign dignitaries or domestic leaders, for example). This algorithm should be widely generalizable to many text domains as long as the external resources are modified accordingly.
The Integration of Same E-Technologies for Solving Complex Problem in Subject of World State
Authors: Bershadsky Alexander , Fionova Ludmila
Published: April 2016

The chapter discusses the perspective approach to addressing cross-sectoral integration and use of fragmented sectoral statistics within a single, thematically invariant monitoring system and a new concept of the complex infrastructure of the territory (CIT). For formalized representation of CIT proposed four-level information and a mathematical model. Propose a method for integrating of same E-Technologies (OLAP, Data Mining and GIS technologies) for solving complex monitoring infrastructure and all problems' in subject of world state.
ICT Powered Strategic Flexibility System Dynamic Model
Authors: Mindila Agnes , Rodrigues Anthony , McCormick Dorothy , Mwangi Ronald
Published: April 2016

Resource-Based View (RBV) of the firm in strategic management literature focuses on firm internal endowments in terms of resources, capabilities and dynamic capabilities for their development. By establishing a learning mechanism, where they are able to adapt and influence the environment, enterprises build a dynamic competence and sustainable competitive advantage. This paper posits that this dynamic competence or strategic flexibility as referred to by strategic management scholars is a phenomenon that needs to be understood by scholars and practitioners in MSEs so that effective intervention programs can be designed. The paper argues that by treating strategic flexibility as a CAS provides a methodology within which models based on known theories in strategic management are employed and tested using system dynamics. The paper also posits that System Dynamics (SD) modeling is a good modeling methodology that captures the dynamism in a CAS. The paper therefore presents a conceptual model for strategic flexibility and a system dynamic model that reveals the variables in play and their relationships. In so doing the paper exposes influence points in the CAS that act as intervention points by practitioners in strategic flexibility of firms. The paper presents ICTs as interventions at the influence points and presents a generic strategic flexibility system dynamic model that brings to play the impact of ICT.
Social and Technical Perspective of Individual's Intention to Purchase Mobile Application
Authors: Ahmad Ili Hawa , Mohamed Norshidah , Hussain Ab Razak Che
Published: April 2016

Mobile application industry has boomed tremendously since it was first introduced in 2007 which has gain practitioners' and researchers' attention. There are substantial numbers of researches on mobile applications that have contributed to business development. This research is aimed at investigating the factors influencing individuals' purchase of mobile application. An exploratory study has been conducted to gain understanding of Malaysian's perspective on mobile application purchase intention. Unstructured interviews were conducted among 19 research participants randomly selected from different background. The results show that perceived usefulness, facilitating condition, perceived value, perceived enjoyment, perceived fee, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), application design in terms of features and visual, trust, security, privacy, device compatibility and device consumption in terms of power and memory relate to individual's intention to purchase mobile application.
A Domain Independent Pedestrian Dead Reckoning System Solution for Android Smartphones
Authors: Quintão João Paulo , Pereira Luis , Paiva Sara
Published: April 2016

In this chapter we propose a domain independent Pedestrian Dead Reckoning System that can be applied to any indoor environment. We describe the entire solution and adopted architecture. The user can create new indoor spaces, define reference points in it, positions for future access and also track his current location. In order to track the user's position, we solve several walking detection false positives including a common problem with most pedometers. We present results of conducted tests that show a 98% accuracy of the system. Finally, we present the developed prototype.
Opto-Smart Systems in Microfluidics
Authors: Florea Larisa , Diamond Dermot , Benito-Lopez Fernando
Published: April 2016

The possibility of using photo-stimulus to control flow in microfluidics devices is very appealing as light can provide contactless stimulation, is biocompatible and can be applied in a non-invasive and highly precise manner. One of the most popular ways to achieve photo-control flow in microfluidic channels is throughout the use of photo-responsive molecules. We review here the different principles and strategies of using photo-responsive molecules to induce or control liquid motion using light, which include the use of photo-controlled polymeric actuators, photo-sensitive coatings, or photo-sensitive surfactants. We further analyse the capability of these approaches to induce flow control throughout the photo-operation of valves, photo-control of electro-osmotic flows or photo-manipulation of discrete microliter-sized droplets.
High-Tech Applications of Functional Coatings
Authors: Fernández Susana María , Marijuan Antonio Garrido
Published: April 2016

In the proposed chapter, the authors will present an overview about the role of the main transparent conductive oxides as functional coatings and its incorporation into emerging large area flexible photovoltaic technologies. In particular, the authors will describe the state of the art in this area, with the highlight of establishing the importance of using transparent conductive oxides as an essential part of an industrial chain. In this sense, it will be emphasized the main requirements of transparent conductive oxides, the main deposition techniques employed for its fabrication, the different material alternatives that emerge as substitutes of conventional ones and, finally, the evaluation of the main risks found when the coatings will be incorporated in an industrial production chain of flexible devices.
Green Practices in Restaurants
Authors: Gupta Saurabh
Published: April 2016

The prime purpose of this study is to identify and delve into the factors driving the adoption of environment friendly practices by the restaurants in eastern region of the country. It provides an introductory knowledge to the planner and policy makers regarding the status of ecofriendly practices by the restaurant in eastern India. Six factors were extracted using the principle component analysis. These factors are Legal compliance, Normative Pressure, Cost optimization, Growing awareness, Philanthropic Motive, Good image. Though slowly, but steadily the consciousness regarding the adoption of environment practices is increasing in the restaurant industry. This study can aid and abet the concerned authorities to device a mechanism to turn the hospitality industry into a true musketeer of the environment, however, since the study area is confined to only a few selected cities of eastern India, the result may not hold true in general.
Promoting Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Global Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: April 2016

This chapter explains the overviews of customer service, service quality, and customer satisfaction; the significance of service quality in global business; and the significance of customer satisfaction in global business. Customer service is the significant element required for a successful business. Knowing customer expectations and delivering excellent service quality can considerably promote the entrepreneurial success and business growth. Gaining high levels of customer satisfaction is very important to business because satisfied customers are most likely to be loyal and to make repeat orders and to utilize a wide range of services offered by business. High service quality effectively promotes customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction has a positive relationship with business revenue. The chapter argues that promoting service quality and customer satisfaction has the potential to enhance organizational performance and reach strategic goals in global business.
Impact of Internet Service Quality (IS-QUAL) on Client Satisfaction
Authors: Ray Nilanjan
Published: April 2016

The present study empirically observes the impact of internet banking service quality dimensions on Client Satisfaction (CS). This study explores the potential dimensions of Internet Service Quality (IS-QUAL) dimensions and examines its impact on client satisfaction and client behavioral intentions in the banking context in India. This study is a cross-sectional survey that employed the use of pre-structured questionnaire to collect primary data from a sample of 120 respondents through personal contact, field survey and email. Collected data have been analyzed through SPSS 21 software by different statistical tools like Reliability test for judgment of internal consistency of collected data and simple regression analysis. The findings revealed impact of IS-QUAL dimensions are namely Trustworthiness, Awareness, Accessibility, Rigidity, Navigation, Communication and Web Customization/Personalization on client satisfaction.
To what extent does climate explain variations in reported malaria cases in early 20th century Uganda?
Authors: Tompkins Adrian M. , Larsen Laragh , McCreesh Nicky , Taylor David
Published: April 2016

Malaria case statistics were analysed for the period 1926 to 1960 to identify inter-annual variations in malaria cases for the Uganda Protectorate. The analysis shows the mid-to-late 1930s to be a period of increased reported cases. After World War II, malaria cases trend down to a relative minimum in the early 1950s, before increasing rapidly after 1953 to the end of the decade. Data for the Western Province confirm these national trends, which at the time were attributed to a wide range of causes, including land development and management schemes, population mobility, interventions and misdiagnosis. Climate was occasionally proposed as a contributor to enhanced case numbers, and unusual precipitation patterns were held responsible; temperature was rarely, if ever, considered. In this study, a dynamical malaria model was driven with available precipitation and temperature data from the period for five stations located across a range of environments in Uganda. In line with the historical data, the simulations produced relatively enhanced transmission in the 1930s, although there is considerable variability between locations. In all locations, malaria transmission was low in the late 1940s and early 1950s, steeply increasing after 1954. Results indicate that past climate variability explains some of the variations in numbers of reported malaria cases. The impact of multiannual variability in temperature, while only on the order of 0.5°C, was sufficient to drive some of the trends observed in the statistics and thus the role of climate was likely underestimated in the contemporary reports. As the elimination campaigns of the 1960s followed this partly climate-driven increase in malaria, this emphasises the need to account for climate when planning and evaluating intervention strategies.
Soft Tissue Myoepithelial Carcinoma Metastatic to the Cecum: Highlighting an Unusual Metastatic Pattern and the Need for Diagnostic Awareness
Authors: Mourtzoukou Despoina , Zaidi Shane , Jones Robin L. , Fisher Cyril , Thway Khin
Published: April 2016

Myoepithelial neoplasms of the soft tissues are a rare, heterogeneous group of tumors for which classification continues to evolve. While well defined within salivary glands, they can also arise in viscera and soft tissues, where diagnosis is challenging due to the lack of clinical and pathological familiarity. We present the case of a 36 year old man with myoepithelial carcinoma arising as a primary tumor within the soft tissues of the neck, which metastasized to the cecum, causing intussusception. This spindle cell neoplasm showed the classic S100 protein, smooth muscle actin and pancytokeratin-positive immunoprofile. Metastasis of myoepithelial carcinoma to the cecum has not been previously described, and coupled with the spindle cell morphology, may cause significant diagnostic difficulty in the absence of clinical familiarity, particularly as there is morphologic overlap with spindle cell neoplasms arising more commonly in gastrointestinal sites, including gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyosarcoma and sarcomatoid carcinoma.
Beyond denial and exclusion: The history of relations between Christians and Muslims in the Cape Colony during the 17th–18th centuries with lessons for a post-colonial theology of religions
Authors: Beyers Jaco
Published: April 2016

Learning from the past prepares one for being able to cope with the future. History is made up of strings of relationships. This article follows a historical line from colonialism, through apartheid to post-colonialism in order to illustrate inter-religious relations in South-Africa and how each context determines these relations. Social cohesion is enhanced by a post-colonial theology of religions based on the current context. By describing the relationship between Christians and Muslims during the 17th–18th centuries in the Cape Colony, lessons can be deduced to guide inter-religious relations in a post-colonial era in South Africa. One of the most prominent Muslim leaders during the 17th century in the Cape Colony was Sheik Yusuf al-Makassari. His influence determined the future face of Islam in the Cape Colony and here, during the 18th century, ethics started playing a crucial role in determining the relationship between Christians and Muslims. The ethical guidance of the Imams formed the Muslim communities whilst ethical decline was apparent amongst the Christian colonists during the same period. The place of ethics as determinative of future inter-religious dialogue is emphasised. Denial and exclusion characterised relationships between Christians and Muslims. According to a post-colonial understanding of inter-religious contact the equality and dignity of non-Christian religions are to be acknowledged. In the postcolonial and postapartheid struggle for equality, also of religions, prof Graham Duncan, to whom this article is dedicated, contributed to the process of acknowledging the plurality of the religious reality in South Africa.
Investigating the communicative strategy in 2 Maccabees 3: Six scenes which influence the reader throughout the narrative
Authors: Coetzer Eugene , Jordaan Pierre
Published: April 2016

The events in the introduction to 2 Maccabees (2 Macc 3:1–39) undoubtedly centre round the Jerusalem Temple. It is depicted as world-renowned, holy and just. Many scholars have therefore highlighted the theme of the Temple in 2 Maccabees, introduced by 2 Maccabees 3. Yet, the reason for the Temple’s centrality is not traditionally seen as more than a mere link to the rest of the narrative. This article, however, asks the question: Why is the author incorporating the Temple in such a specific manner? What is the impact on the implicit reader of this specific depiction of the Temple? In other words, how is the implicit reader’s experience throughout the rest of the narrative influenced by the events in this introduction? To answer these questions, the article identifies six scenes in 2 Maccabees 3 and applies a rhetorical analysis in order to establish the communicative strategy and its possible impact on the implicit reader.
Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst
Authors: Nasa Mukesh , Choudhary Narendra , Patil Gaurav , Puri Rajesh
Published: April 2016

Pancreatic pseudocyst is a well-known complication of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. It is a collection of fluid due to acute or chronic inflammation of pancreas or from injury. A pseudocyst with mediastinal extension is a rare entity. There are only few reports of endoscopic transesophageal drainage of mediastinal pseudocysts. We present a case of mediastinal pseudocyst in a 45-year-old male who presented with dysphagia, weight loss, fever, and productive cough which was managed endoscopically by endoscopic ultrasound-guided transesophageal aspiration.
Small neuroendocrine tumor of the duodenal bulb: Endoscopic submucosal dissection, laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery or surgery?
Authors: Chrysanthos Nikolaos V. , Anagnostopoulou Evagelia , Triga Eleni , Sakelariou Stratigoula , Korkolopoulou Pinelopi
Published: April 2016

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastric tube are less common than adenocarcinomas. Topography includes stomach, small intestine, Vater ampulla, and gross intestine. They are graded as neuroendocrine tumors grade I and II (NETs GI and GII) and neuroendocrine carcinomas GIII based on Ki-67 index and mitotic count.[1] Endoscopic treatment for GI NETs ≤1 cm that does not extend beyond the submucosal layer and does not demonstrate lymph node metastasis is recommended. Tumors ≥2 cm, with lymph node metastasis, are indicated for surgical treatment. The treatment strategy for tumors between 10 and 20 mm in size remains controversial.[2] We present a rare case of a 60-year-old male patient with end-stage renal failure who underwent a screening pretransplantation endoscopic control. Colonoscopy had no pathological findings. Gastroscopy reveals an abnormal mucosa in the anterior upper part of the duodenal bulb that was described as a micronodular mucosa and a central nodule of 6 mm with erythematous mucosa. Histology of the micronodular mucosa reveals a heterotopic gastric mucosa and a small hyperplastic polyp. Biopsies from the nodule reveal a carcinoid tumor (NET GI). Immunohistochemistry: Positive chromogranin levels, low mitotic index (1/10 HPF), and Ki-67 index <1% [Figure 2]. Gastrin levels were normal and chromogranin levels were abnormal (314 ng/ml, ULN <120 ng/ml). Spiral tomography of the thorax and the abdomen were normal. Endoscopic submucosal dissection is indicated for small NETs (≤1 cm). Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery is a novel method, but the experience is limited. Surgery is the best choice for large NETs (>2 cm) and those of the duodenal bulb with histological extensions and the lack of assessing depth invasion.
Teoría y práctica. En memoria de Ignacio Solá-Morales
Authors: Arnau Amo Joaquín
Published: April 2016

Resumen no disponible
Lugar, memoria y restauración. El cementerio de Castellnou de Bages (Barcelona)
Authors: González Moreno-Navarro Antoni
Published: April 2016

La construcción del nuevo cementerio de Castellnou de Bagés aprovechando las abandonadas ruinas de la antigua casa rectoral del pueblo se presenta como un nuevo ejemplo de aplicación por el SPAL de una metodología rigurosa de intervención en el patrimonio. El artículo que sigue pone de manifiesto esta metodología, pero también la ideología que la sustenta, que entiende la intervención como desencadenante de un proceso de regeneración de un entramado histórico, urbano y social. El patrimonio considerado, sobre todo, como memoria y sentimiento base de la identidad de una comunidad frente a otras interpretaciones globalizantes.
Mercury dynamics and mass balance in a subtropical forest, southwestern China
Authors: Ma Ming , Wang Dingyong , Du Hongxia , Sun Tao , Zhao Zheng , Wang Yongmin , Wei Shiqiang
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The mid-subtropical forest area in southwest China was affected by anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions over the past 3 decades. We quantified mercury dynamics on the forest field and measured fluxes and pools of Hg in litterfall, throughfall, stream water and forest soil in an evergreen broadleaved forest field in southwestern China. Total Hg (THg) input by the throughfall and litterfall was assessed at 32.2 and 42.9 µg m−2 yr−1, respectively, which was remarkably higher than those observed from other forest fields in the background of North America and Europe. Hg fluxes across the soil–air interface (18.6 mg m−2 yr−1) and runoff and/or stream flow (7.2 µg m−2 yr−1) were regarded as the dominant ways for THg export from the forest field. The forest field hosts an enormous amount of atmospheric Hg, and its reserves is estimated to be 25 341 µg m2. The ratio of output to input Hg fluxes (0.34) is higher compared with other study sites. The higher output / input ratio may represent an important ecological risk for the downstream aquatic ecosystems, even if the forest field could be an effective sink of Hg.
Studying the vertical aerosol extinction coefficient by comparing in situ airborne data and elastic backscatter lidar
Authors: Rosati Bernadette , Herrmann Erik , Bucci Silvia , Fierli Federico , Cairo Francesco , Gysel Martin , Tillmann Ralf , Größ Johannes , Gobbi Gian Paolo , Di Liberto Luca , Di Donfrancesco Guido , Wiedensohler Alfred , Weingartner Ernest , Virtanen Annele , Mentel Thomas F. , Baltensperger Urs
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Vertical profiles of aerosol particle optical properties were explored in a case study near the San Pietro Capofiume (SPC) ground station during the PEGASOS Po Valley campaign in the summer of 2012. A Zeppelin NT airship was employed to investigate the effect of the dynamics of the planetary boundary layer at altitudes between ∼  50 and 800 m above ground. Determined properties included the aerosol particle size distribution, the hygroscopic growth factor, the effective index of refraction and the light absorption coefficient. The first three parameters were used to retrieve the light scattering coefficient. Simultaneously, direct measurements of both the scattering and absorption coefficient were carried out at the SPC ground station. Additionally, a single wavelength polarization diversity elastic lidar system provided estimates of aerosol extinction coefficients using the Klett method to accomplish the inversion of the signal, for a vertically resolved comparison between in situ and remote-sensing results. Note, however, that the comparison was for the most part done in the altitude range where the overlap function is incomplete and accordingly uncertainties are larger. First, the airborne results at low altitudes were validated with the ground measurements. Agreement within approximately ±25 and ±20 % was found for the dry scattering and absorption coefficient, respectively. The single scattering albedo, ranged between 0.83 and 0.95, indicating the importance of the absorbing particles in the Po Valley region. A clear layering of the atmosphere was observed during the beginning of the flight (until ∼  10:00 LT – local time) before the mixing layer (ML) was fully developed. Highest extinction coefficients were found at low altitudes, in the new ML, while values in the residual layer, which could be probed at the beginning of the flight at elevated altitudes, were lower. At the end of the flight (after ∼  12:00 LT) the ML was fully developed, resulting in constant extinction coefficients at all altitudes measured on the Zeppelin NT. Lidar estimates captured these dynamic features well and good agreement was found for the extinction coefficients compared to the in situ results, using fixed lidar ratios (LR) between 30 and 70 sr for the altitudes probed with the Zeppelin. These LR are consistent with values for continental aerosol particles that can be expected in this region.
Vortex-wide chlorine activation by a mesoscale PSC event in the Arctic winter of 2009/10
Authors: Wegner Tobias , Pitts Michael C. , Poole Lamont R. , Tritscher Ines , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Nakajima Hideaki
Published: April 2016

Abstract. In the Arctic polar vortex of the 2009/10 winter temperatures were low enough to allow widespread formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). These clouds occurred during the initial chlorine activation phase which provided the opportunity to investigate the impact of PSCs on chlorine activation. Satellite observations of gas-phase species and PSCs are used in combination with trajectory modeling to assess this initial activation. The initial activation occurred in association with the formation of PSCs over the east coast of Greenland at the beginning of January 2010. Although this area of PSCs covered only a small portion of the vortex, it was responsible for almost the entire initial activation of chlorine vortex wide. Observations show HCl (hydrochloric acid) mixing ratios decreased rapidly in and downstream of this region. Trajectory calculations and simplified heterogeneous chemistry modeling confirmed that the initial chlorine activation continued until ClONO2 (chlorine nitrate) was completely depleted and the activated air masses were advected throughout the polar vortex. For the calculation of heterogeneous reaction rates, surface area density is estimated from backscatter observations. Modeled heterogeneous reaction rates along trajectories intersecting with the PSCs indicate that the initial phase of chlorine activation occurred in just a few hours. These calculations also indicate that chlorine activation on the binary background aerosol is significantly slower than on the PSC particles and the observed chlorine activation can only be explained by an increase in surface area density due to PSC formation. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between the magnitude of the observed HCl depletion and PSC surface area density.
Hotspot of glyoxal over the Pearl River delta seen from the OMI satellite instrument: implications for emissions of aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Chan Miller Christopher , Jacob Daniel J. , González Abad Gonzalo , Chance Kelly
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The Pearl River delta (PRD) is a densely populated hub of industrial activity located in southern China. OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) satellite observations reveal a large hotspot of glyoxal (CHOCHO) over the PRD that is almost twice as large as any other in Asia. Formaldehyde (HCHO) and NO2 observed by OMI are also high in the PRD but no more than in other urban/industrial areas of China. The CHOCHO hotspot over the PRD can be explained by industrial paint and solvent emissions of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with toluene being a dominant contributor. By contrast, HCHO in the PRD originates mostly from VOCs emitted by combustion (principally vehicles). By applying a plume transport model to wind-segregated OMI data, we show that the CHOCHO and HCHO enhancements over the PRD observed by OMI are consistent with current VOC emission inventories. Prior work using CHOCHO retrievals from the SCIAMACHY satellite instrument suggested that emission inventories for aromatic VOCs in the PRD were too low by a factor of 10–20; we attribute this result in part to bias in the SCIAMACHY data and in part to underestimated CHOCHO yields from oxidation of aromatics. Our work points to the importance of better understanding CHOCHO yields from the oxidation of aromatics in order to interpret space-based CHOCHO observations in polluted environments.
Vertical profiles of aerosol and black carbon in the Arctic: a seasonal phenomenology along two years (2011–2012) of field campaign
Authors: Ferrero Luca , Cappelletti David , Busetto Maurizio , Mazzola Mauro , Lupi Angelo , Lanconelli Christian , Becagli Silvia , Traversi Rita , Caiazzo Laura , Giardi Fabio , Moroni Beatrice , Crocchianti Stefano , Fierz Martin , Mocnik Grisa , Sangiori Giorgia , Perrone Maria G. , Maturilli Marion , Vitale Vito , Udisti Roberto , Bolzacchini Ezio
Published: April 2016

Abstract. In this paper we present results from a systematic study of vertical profiles of aerosol number size distribution and black carbon (BC) concentrations conducted in the Arctic, over Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard). The campaign lasted 2 years (2011–2012) and resulted in 200 vertical profiles measured during the spring and summer seasons. In addition, chemical analysis of filter samples, aerosol size distribution and a full set of meteorological parameters were determined at ground to put on a firmer grounds the analysis of the vertical profiles. The collected experimental data allowed a classification of the vertical profiles into different typologies which allowed to describe a seasonal phenomenology of vertical aerosol properties in the Arctic. During spring, four main types of profiles were found and their behaviour was related to the main aerosol and atmospheric dynamics occurring at the measuring site. Background conditions generated homogenous profiles. Transport events caused an increase of aerosol concentration with altitude. High Arctic haze pollution trapped below thermal inversions promoted a decrease of aerosol concentration with altitude. Finally, ground-based plumes of locally formed secondary aerosol determined profiles with decreasing aerosol concentration located at different altitude in function of size. During the summer season, the impact from shipping caused aerosol and BC pollution plumes constrained close to the ground, indicating that increasing shipping emissions in the Arctic could bring anthropogenic aerosol and BC in the summer Arctic affecting the climate.