bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B-Ultrasound Image Analysis of Intrauterine Pregnancy Residues after Mid-Term Pregnancy Based on Smart Medical Big Data
Authors: He Huiliao , Liu Ruixing , Zhou Xiuping , Zhang Yinhong , Yu Beibei , Xu Zhihua , Huang Hu
Published: February 2022

Abdominal B-ultrasound images of intrauterine pregnancy tissue residues were analyzed to discuss their diagnostic value. With the rapid development of computer technology and medical imaging technology, doctors are also faced with more and more medical image diagnosis tasks, and computer-aided diagnosis systems are especially important in order to reduce the work pressure of doctors. In recent years, deep learning has made rapid development and achieved great breakthroughs in various fields. In medical-aided diagnostic systems, deep learning has greatly improved the diagnostic efficiency, but there are no mature research results for abdominal B-ultrasound image recognition of intrauterine pregnancy tissue residues. Therefore, the study of liver ultrasound image classification based on deep learning has important practical application value. In this paper, we propose to give a CNN model optimization method based on grid search. Compared with the conventional CNN model design, this method saves time and effort by eliminating the need to manually adjust parameters based on experience and has an accuracy of more than 92% in classifying abdominal B-ultrasound images of intrauterine pregnancy tissue residues. The diagnosis of intrauterine pregnancy tissue residues by abdominal B-ultrasound can effectively improve the diagnosis and provide important reference for patients to receive treatment, which has high diagnostic value.
Race-associated Molecular Changes in Gynecologic Malignancies
Authors: Asare Amma , Yao Hui , Lara Olivia D. , Wang Ying , Zhang Lin , Sood Anil K.
Published: February 2022

The difference in cancer morbidity and mortality between individuals of different racial groups is complex. Health disparities provide a framework to explore potential connections between poor outcomes and individuals of different racial backgrounds. This study identifies genomic changes in African American patients with gynecologic malignancies, a population with well-established disparities in outcomes. Our data explore whether social health disparities might mediate interactions between the environment and tumor epigenomes and genomes that can be identified. Using The Cancer Genetic Ancestry Atlas, which encodes data from The Cancer Genome Atlas by ancestry and allows for systematic analyses of sequencing data by racial group, we performed large-scale, comparative analyses to identify novel targets with alterations in methylation, transcript, and miRNA expression between tumors from women of European American or African American racial groups across all gynecologic malignancies. We identify novel discrete genomic changes in these complex malignancies and suggest a framework for identifying novel therapeutic targets for future investigation.

Significance:

Common genetic changes in breast, ovarian, cervix, and uterine tumors can be identified in African American patients. Understanding why these changes occur may help improve outcomes for all patients with cancer.
Systemic Methotrexate Treatment in 42 Children with Severe Plaque Psoriasis: A Retrospective Study in China
Authors: Wang Zhaoyang , Chen Yunliu , Xiang Xin , Gu Yang , Zhao Mutong , Liu Yuanxiang , Wang Yachen , Xu Zigang
Published: February 2022

Background: The scientific evidence of methotrexate (MTX) in children with severe plaque psoriasis is scarce. Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral MTX in children with severe plaque psoriasis in a single center in China. Methods: We enrolled 42 children with severe plaque psoriasis who were administrated MTX. Efficacy was evaluated by the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score, physician global assessment (PGA) score, and body surface area (BSA) score. The Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) score and safety data were recorded. Results: Among 42 children (22 males, 20 females), the mean age was 11.2 years old. The initial weight-based dosage of oral MTX ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg weekly. Overall, 80.6 and 47.2% of patients achieved PASI75 (at least 75% improvement from baseline in PASI score) and PASI90 (at least 90% improvement from baseline in PASI score) at week 12, respectively. 72.2% of patients achieved PGA 0/1 at week 12. BSA and PGA scores significantly decreased from baseline from week 4, accompanied by CDLQI score improvement from week 8. The steady effect of MTX could be reached at week 16. Elevated liver enzymes (28.6%) and infections (28.6%) were the most common side effects. Relapse was recorded in 9 (30.0%) of 30 patients, and the mean posttherapy disease-free interval was 7.2 months. Conclusions: MTX is an effective and safe option for children with severe plaque psoriasis with adequate monitoring.
Cardiovascular Implications of Immune Disorders in Women
Authors: Moran Caitlin A. , Collins Lauren F. , Beydoun Nour , Mehta Puja K. , Fatade Yetunde , Isiadinso Ijeoma , Lewis Tené T. , Weber Brittany , Goldstein Jill , Ofotokun Igho , Quyyumi Arshed , Choi May Y. , Titanji Kehmia , Lahiri Cecile D.
Published: February 2022

Immune responses differ between men and women, with women at higher risk of developing chronic autoimmune diseases and having more robust immune responses to many viruses, including HIV and hepatitis C virus. Although immune dysregulation plays a prominent role in chronic systemic inflammation, a key driver in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), standard ASCVD risk prediction scores underestimate risk in populations with immune disorders, particularly women. This review focuses on the ASCVD implications of immune dysregulation due to disorders with varying global prevalence by sex: autoimmune disorders (female predominant), HIV (male-female equivalent), and hepatitis C virus (male predominant). Factors contributing to ASCVD in women with immune disorders, including traditional risk factors, dysregulated innate and adaptive immunity, sex hormones, and treatment modalities, are discussed. Finally, the need to develop new ASCVD risk stratification tools that incorporate variables specific to populations with chronic immune disorders, particularly in women, is emphasized.
Sex Differences in Myocardial and Vascular Aging
Authors: Ji Hongwei , Kwan Alan C. , Chen Melanie T. , Ouyang David , Ebinger Joseph E. , Bell Susan P. , Niiranen Teemu J. , Bello Natalie A. , Cheng Susan
Published: February 2022

It is well known that cardiovascular disease manifests differently in women and men. The underlying causes of these differences during the aging lifespan are less well understood. Sex differences in cardiac and vascular phenotypes are seen in childhood and tend to track along distinct trajectories related to dimorphism in genetic factors as well as response to risk exposures and hormonal changes during the life course. These differences underlie sex-specific variation in cardiovascular events later in life, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. With respect to cardiac phenotypes, females have intrinsically smaller body size–adjusted cardiac volumes and they tend to experience greater age-related wall thickening and myocardial stiffening with aging. With respect to vascular phenotypes, sexual dimorphism in both physiology and pathophysiology are also seen, including overt differences in blood pressure trajectories. The majority of sex differences in myocardial and vascular alterations that manifest with aging seem to follow relatively consistent trajectories from the very early to the very later stages of life. This review aims to synthesize recent cardiovascular aging-related research to highlight clinically relevant studies in diverse female and male populations that can inform approaches to improving the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of cardiovascular disease risks in the aging population at large.
An annotated checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) of Middle Asian countries, part 1. Lithobiomorpha
Authors: DYACHKOV YURII V. , FARZALIEVA GYULLI SH. , TUF IVAN H.
Published: February 2022

The first part of an annotated checklist of the centipede fauna of five Middle Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan) based on literature data critically revised, is here presented. The check-list includes 49 species of Lithobiomorpha arranged in 10 genera and 3 families (Anopsobiidae, Henicopidae, and Lithobiidae). Two monotypic genera (Dzhungaria Farzalieva, Zalesskaja & Edgecombe, 2004 and Ghilaroviella Zalesskaja, 1975) and 31 species are known from Middle Asian countries only; 3 species are regarded as introduced in the region. The data on habitat records within Middle Asian countries and remarks for each species are provided. Bothropolys rugosus (Meinert, 1872), from the western Palaearctic and Malesian Region, and Lithobius potanini Sseliwanoff, 1881, from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (China), were excluded from the fauna of the study area. The history of the studies on the lithobiomorph centipede fauna of the Middle Asian countries is provided.
A checklist of the subfamily Mesochorinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: RIEDEL MATTHIAS , VARGA OLEKSANDR
Published: February 2022

The distributional data on the Ukrainian Carpathian mesochorines are summarized. The list contains 64 species belonging to three genera. The genus Astiphromma Förster, 1869 numbering 14 species, of which A. albitarse (Brischke, 1880) and A. flagellator Riedel, 2015, are the first records for Ukraine. All three European species of the genus Cidaphus Förster, 1869 are distributed in the studied region and are the first records from the country. The genus Mesochorus Gravenhorst, 1829 is the most species-rich genus of the subfamily with 46 species found in the Ukrainian Carpathians, containing newly described M. (Mesochorus) genator sp. n. and 41 species recorded from the Ukrainian fauna for the first time. Taxonomic remarks and illustrations for most of the species are provided.
African Studies in Distress: German Scholarship on Africa and the Neglected Challenge of Decoloniality
Authors: Ndlovu-Gatsheni Sabelo J. , Seesemann Rüdiger , Vogt-William Christine
Published: February 2022

This paper is a response to Matthias Basedau's article published in issue 55/2020 of the present journal. At a time when African Studies scholarship is rising beyond the flogging of dead horses, certain strands in the field in Germany seem to ignore much of the valuable scholarship and intellectual contributions by excellent African and non-African researchers alike. It is striking to see how Basedau falls prey to the same shortcomings that he draws our attention to, that is, the domination of African Studies by sources and figures outside the continent and the construction of Africa as a space of lack. This underscores the urgency of decolonizing African Studies at many levels, including liberating it from the straightjacket of area studies, interrogating purportedly objective scholarship, and opening it up to new theoretical perspectives. The restriction to comparative approaches will only ensure that these strands in African Studies remain stuck in their epistemological cul-de-sac.
Management of Major Injuries to the Bile Duct at a Hepatobiliary Specialty Referral Center
Authors: Zendel Alex , Kumar Aman , Serrano Pablo , de Oliveira Guilherme C. , Button Julia , Gebre Betelhme , Gerber David A. , Desai Chirag S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Aim is to evaluate geographical and demographic factors influencing management of bile duct injuries occurring during cholecystectomy in a tertiary hepato-pancreato-biliary center in Southeast US.

Methods

All referrals for biliary injuries during cholecystectomy, between Jan 2017 and December 2020 were included.

Results

19 patients were identified with a median age of 59 (47-65), average BMI of 30.3 (18-49), and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease of 11%, 47% and 16%, respectively. The average transfer distance was 76 miles (8-102) and median transfer time was 3 days (1-12). 16 (84%) had Strasberg E injury, with 4 (21%) having a concomitant vascular injury (3 - right hepatic artery, 1 - right portal vein). Two (10.5%) were managed non-operatively, immediate surgical repair was performed in 2 (10.5%) and 15 (78.9%) patients underwent a delayed repair with a median of 87 days (69-118) from injury to repair. Median operative time was 5 hours (4-7), blood loss was 150 mL (100-200) and hospital stay was 8 days (6-12).

Discussion

Factors including distance between hospitals, delays in patient transfer due to bed availability and transportation, play a role in the decision-making towards delayed repair. The delayed repair has the benefit of medical optimization of our high-risk patients’ population.
Children Undergoing Laryngeal Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: NSQIP Analysis of Length of Stay, Readmissions, and Reoperations
Authors: Kuo Cathleen C. , Elrakhawy Mohamed , Carr Michele M.
Published: February 2022

Objective:

No national study to date has specifically evaluated the predictive variables associated with extended hospitalization and other postoperative complications following laryngeal surgery in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The goals of this study were to identify perioperative risk factors and provide a descriptive analysis of surgical outcomes in these children using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatrics (NSQIP-P) database.

Methods:

Patients aged 0 to 18 years who underwent laryngeal surgery with a postoperative diagnosis of OSA were queried via the 2014-2018 NSQIP-P database using Current Procedural Terminology code 31541. Variables collected included age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), medical comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical classification, operative time, and concurrent procedures. Endpoints of interest were length of stay, unplanned reoperation, readmission, reintubation, and postoperative complications. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed.

Results:

A total of 181 cases were identified (57.5% male and 42.5% female, mean age 4.36 years, range 14 days-17.7 years). Body mass index ( P = .015, OR = 0.96), structural CNS abnormality ( P = .034, OR = 1.95), preoperative oxygen supplementation ( P = .043, OR = 1.28), operative time ( P = .019, OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.28-2.54), and concurrent procedure ( P < .001, OR = 2.21) were all independently associated with LOS. Postoperative complications had no significantly associated variables, with an overall low incidence of readmission (5.0%), reoperation (1.7%), and reintubation (1.1%).

Conclusion:

In this data set, children with OSA undergoing laryngeal surgery experienced minimal postoperative complications. Recognition of the factors associated with increased LOS could lead to improvement in the quality of care for children with OSA.
Clinical wisdom, science and evidence: The neglected gifts of psychodynamic thinking
Authors: Harari Edwin , Grant Donald C
Published: February 2022

We review five key areas of contemporary psychodynamic practice and research to highlight the contributions psychodynamic concepts can make to clinical psychiatry. These areas are as follows: (1) Contributions to understanding the development of subjectivity. (2) The psychodynamic understanding of the effects of early childhood trauma and their consequences in adult life. (3) The vital importance of the psychodynamic notion of the ‘holding environment’ based on an understanding of the dynamics of the development of subjectivity and trauma which, if applied, might improve the quality of psychiatric care in the public mental health system and enhance both the clinical competence and morale of clinicians in the system. (4) The emerging scientific disciplines of Neuropsychoanalysis and Affective Neuroscience, which illustrate the importance of seriously studying the mind as well as the brain. (5) A brief summary of some research into the clinical effectiveness and efficacy of psychoanalysis and its related psychodynamic therapies.
Stigma in bipolar disorder: A current review of the literature
Authors: Perich Tania , Mitchell Philip B , Vilus Bojana
Published: February 2022

Stigma has been found to have an impact on those living with bipolar disorder, with many experiencing negative consequences of stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination as a result of their condition. The aim of this review was to assess the current literature in bipolar disorder to determine the impact of stigma on people living with this condition and caregivers. Public stigma was associated with greater functional impairment, anxiety and poorer work-related outcomes, while self-stigma was also found to be associated with lower levels of functioning across a range of domains and greater depressive and anxiety symptoms. For those with bipolar disorder, public stigma was reported at similar rates to those with schizophrenia and depression in some studies, with other studies noting mixed results. Qualitative studies noted that public stigma and discrimination were experienced from family, friends and healthcare providers. Self-stigma was found to be higher for those who were younger in several studies and associated with worse medication adherence. It was generally found to be higher in bipolar disorder participants than in those with anxiety disorders and lower than those with personality disorders. Limitations of the current research include the following: few studies have used a longitudinal design, few have assessed the impact of stigma on medication adherence and few have explored these issues in younger populations. More research is needed to explore the experiences of self-stigma for those in the younger age group specifically, given the relationship between younger age and greater self-stigma noted in several studies and the relationship between this and lower treatment adherence.
A Structural Model of Organizational Buying for Business-to-Business Markets: Innovation Adoption with Share-of-Wallet Contracts
Authors: Mojir Navid , Sudhir K.
Published: February 2022

This article develops the first structural model of organizational buying to study innovation diffusion in business-to-business markets. The model is particularly applicable for routinized exchange relationships, whereby centralized buyers periodically evaluate and choose contracts and then downstream users order items on contracted terms. The model captures different utility trade-offs for users and buyers while accounting for how buyer and user choices interact to influence user adoption/usage and buyer contracting. Further, the authors consider the dynamics induced by share-of-wallet (SOW) pricing contracts, commonly used in business-to-business markets to reward customer loyalty with discounts for buying more than a threshold share from a supplier. The authors assemble novel panel data on surgeons’ product usage, SOW contracts, contract switching, and hospital characteristics. They find two segments of hospitals in terms of the relative power of surgeons and buyers: a buyer-centric segment and a surgeon-centric segment. Further, they find that innovations diffuse faster in teaching hospitals and when surgical procedures are concentrated among a few surgeons. Finally, the authors answer questions such as these: Should the marketer focus on push (buyer-focused) or pull (user-focused) strategies? Do SOW contracts hurt the innovations of smaller firms? Surprisingly, the authors find that SOW contracts can help speed the diffusion of major innovations from smaller players.
‘Defunding the police’: A consideration of the implications for the police role in mental health work
Authors: Cummins Ian
Published: February 2022

This paper examines the role of the police in mental health work. It explores whether the calls to ‘defund the police’ can be the basis for fundamental reforms of mental health services and the police role. The paper outlines the roots of the calls to ‘ defund the police’ situating the perspective in the wider Black Lives Matter movement (BLM). The wider BLM movement seeks to overturn long standing racial and social injustices, including the disproportionate use of force against black citizens and racial biases within the Criminal Justice System. It goes further in that BLM calls for a shift in funding from policing towards an investment in welfare and community services. These calls are captured in the phrase ‘defund the police’. These calls have highlighted the police role in mental health, particularly, the police response to citizens in mental health crisis. The paper examines the police role in mental health work, highlighting the historic impact of policies of deinstutionalisation and more recently austerity and welfare retrenchment. In calling for this policy shift, campaigners have highlighted the need to significant investment in mental health services. The police role in mental health services increased because of the failings of community care ( Cummins, 2020a ). Police officers have increasingly become first responders in mental health crises. The paper, focusing on England and Wales, uses ‘defund the police’ perspective as a lens to examine long standing areas of concern. Police involvement in mental health emergencies is inevitably stigmatizing. There are also concerns from the police. This is an area of police demand that has grown of austerity and the wider retrenchment in public services. Police officers often feel that they lack the skills and knowledge required to undertake their role in mental health work. In addition, there is frustration generated by poor interprofessional working. Police officers on an organizational and individual level feel that they are often left ‘ picking up the pieces’ . There is a wide recognition that mental health services are failing to provide appropriate responses to those in crisis ( Wessley, 2018 ). As well as being an issue of human rights and social justice, these failures place vulnerable people at increased risk. All aspects of police work involve contact with people experiencing mental health problems. People with mental health problems are first and foremost human beings who should be treated with dignity and respect. They are also citizens, family members, carers and work colleagues. Having acknowledged that core value perspective, if we accept that police officers will be involved in mental health work, we should seek to limit their role as far as is possible. The paper concludes that it is likely that there will be always be some form of police involvement in mental health–related work. However, there is a need to limit this as far as possible.
The use of collective memory in the populist messaging of Marine Le Pen
Authors: Soffer Dalya
Published: February 2022

Globally populist movements are on the rise, which is why it is essential to examine this phenomenon more closely. In France, 50 years ago, Jean-Marie Le Pen founded a populist party, le Front National (now renamed Rassemblement National or RN). However, it was not until his daughter Marine Le Pen took over the Party in 2012 that it began to see significant electoral gains. This is despite the fact that the underlying political message remained the same. By changing her rhetorical tactics and relying on references to collective memories and the unconscious associations they evoke, Marine Le Pen mainstreamed the RN and found more national support. This article examines the rhetorical tactics she deploys and how collective memories can effectively convey political messages.
Time to Return to Normal? I Sure Hope Not
Authors: Woolf Linda M.
Published: February 2022

In 2020, the pandemic altered not only the way many teachers approach the classroom but also their understanding of challenges faced by students and the relevance of psychology to everyone’s lives. This article serves as an STP Presidential welcome to the work and resources of the Society. I also highlight the rationale behind the 2022 STP Presidential task forces. These task forces were shaped by events of the past two years and focus on four major themes: Teaching to make a difference; ethical literacy, thinking, and reasoning; diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI); and our interconnected world. The pandemic changed the way many of us teach and let's hope we can take what we have learned to move forward with increased resilience and improved pedagogy.
Predefined-time sliding manifold-based fixed-time attitude stabilization control of receiver aircraft with measurement noises
Authors: Wu Cihang , Yan Jianguo , Wu Xiwei , Guo Yiming , Mou Peng , Xiao Bing
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the challenging attitude stabilization control problem of receiver aircraft subject to uncertain and time-varying inertia, and wind disturbances in the aerial refueling task. An adaptive fixed-time control strategy is proposed. In this approach, a predefined-time sliding manifold is preliminarily developed. The main feature is that the settling time is not only independent of initial conditions but also can be simply and explicitly defined in advance through a single parameter in the sliding mode phase. On this basis, an adaptive control law is developed to guarantee that the trajectory of attitude can be stabilized into a small region containing the origin. The upper bound of unknown disturbance is not required to implement the proposed controller, which relaxes the restrictions of design for control systems. Moreover, the measuring noises are explicitly considered and addressed to make this approach still available in the noisy measurement environment. The Lyapunov stability analysis and numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Medical Decision Style and COVID-19 Behavior
Authors: Tinghög Gustav , Strand Liam
Published: February 2022

Given the flood of health-related information stirred up by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is important to understand the factors that influence people to engage in protective public health measures so that medical communication can be tailored to be effective. Following the idea that people have a general inclination toward health care utilization, which is either more passive (i.e., medical minimizer) or more aggressive (i.e., medical maximizer), we assess if this inclination extends to being more or less willing to engage in protective public health behavior. We investigate the effect of individual differences in medical minimizing and medical maximizing orientation on COVID-19–related protective behaviors and attitudes. We used the validated Medical Maximizer-Minimizer Scale (MMS) and surveyed a diverse opt-in sample of the Swedish population ( n = 806). Our results show that the MMS significantly predicts a wide range of self-reported behaviors and attitudes in relation to COVID-19. Participants with a stronger minimization orientation were significantly less likely to practice social distancing, follow hygiene recommendations, and be supportive of strict COVID-19 policies. Participants with a stronger maximization orientation had a larger discrepancy between perceived own risk and others getting infected. Thus, they perceived themselves as being less at risk for getting infected compared to the average person. Our findings imply that the MMS can be effectively used to predict who is more or less reluctant to follow public health recommendations.

JEL codes: D70 E71 I12 I18
Opioids for acute pain management in children
Authors: Rosen Derek M , Alcock Mark M , Palmer Greta M
Published: February 2022

Opioids are integral to multimodal analgesic regimens in children with moderate to severe acute pain. Throughout normal childhood there are marked changes in physiology, and social and psychological development that influence the perception and expression of pain, the pharmacology of opioids, and how they are used. A multidimensional pain assessment is key to guiding appropriate opioid prescribing. Most of the commonly used opioids in adults are used in children, with the increasing exception of codeine (as a result of regulatory change), and are generally well tolerated. Patient groups at increased risk of ventilatory impairment include neonates and those with obstructive sleep apnoea, severe neurodevelopmental conditions, trisomy 21, and severe epilepsy. Slow-release opioids are not recommended for general use, but may be used in select populations, for example, following scoliosis surgery, major trauma or burns. Prescribing and administration errors are a major issue in paediatrics generally; the potential consequences of opioid prescribing or administration errors are serious, particularly following hospital discharge. Opioids prescribed at discharge are frequently in excess of a child’s analgesic requirements; three to five days supply appears sufficient for the majority of common paediatric operations. Discharge opioid prescriptions have been linked to long-term opioid use in adolescents with risk factors. Misuse of prescription opioids by adolescents is also concerning, with prevalence estimates ranging from 1.1% to 20%. Caregivers have a tendency to underdose opioids in their children; caregiver education may improve appropriate administration. Caregivers must also be provided with instructions on safe storage and disposal of unused opioids.
College Academic Perfectionism Scale: Development and Validation
Authors: Liu Caesar , Berzenski Sara R.
Published: February 2022

Maladaptive perfectionism has a documented association with mental health problems, yet the context of maladaptive perfectionism (i.e., the domain where individuals exhibit such a trait) is rarely considered. This study aimed to develop a measure for academic perfectionism among college students and assess its psychometric properties. Five hundred and thirty-two college students were recruited from introductory-level psychology courses and completed questionnaires online. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses determined the factor structure and model fit of the scale, and bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses assessed the validity of the scale. The results suggested that the College Academic Perfectionism Scale consists of two higher order factors, rigid academic perfectionism and self-critical academic perfectionism, and self-critical academic perfectionism consists of three sub-factors, academic self-criticism, doubts about actions, and socially prescribed academic perfectionism. The scale has an adequate confirmatory model fit, excellent reliability, and high construct validity. Incremental validity over general perfectionism was established.
Rooting for ro-ro: Exploring how strategic choices by pulp and paper companies contributed to Sweden's specialized maritime export systems, 1960–2015
Authors: Lennerfors Thomas T.
Published: February 2022

The Nordic, particularly Swedish and Finnish, pulp and paper (P&P) companies are represented in earlier research as using specialized maritime transport systems – based on roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) vessels – in long-term collaborations with shipping companies after the Second World War. However, the strategic choices of the P&P companies that led to this development have not been researched. Based on studies of the Swedish P&P companies that developed specialized maritime transport systems during the period 1960–2015, this article sheds light on the reasons for these maritime transport systems. As well as the growth of exports, the expansion of P&P companies through mergers and acquisitions and the increased value of the exported goods, the study shows that the Swedish ro-ro trend, diversified and sensitive products, pressure from customers for frequent and speedy deliveries, and a fairly short distance to stable main markets, were additional factors.
Coupling parametric instability and resonance of a rotating flexible disk with unstressed initial runout under several parametrical excitations
Authors: Yang Fan , Pei Yong-Chen
Published: February 2022

With an improved Hill’s method, which is suitable for harmonic balance processing and coupling of nodal circles and nodal diameters, a dynamics research of a rotating flexible disk is carried out by considering unstressed initial runout and several parametrical excitations. The partial differential equation of disk system is obtained by Galerkin’s method considering three different types of excitations, namely slider loading, speed fluctuation and electromagnetic attraction. The individual and coupling effects of parametrical excitations on system’s instability and resonance are studied via numerical simulation. The instability results are shown by different colors based on RGB color space, and the disk’s steady-state amplitudes under different parameter settings are calculated with different nodal circles and nodal diameters. The calculation results show that these excitations affect the disk system’s stability and resonance in their own way. Meanwhile, this method is universal for the flexible disk’s steady-state vibration problems in practical engineering analysis.
Evaluation of mechanical properties and thermal characteristics of aquatic waste water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) plant into natural powder and ash reinforced polymer composites for lightweight applications
Authors: Ajithram A , Winowlin Jappes JT , Khan M Adam , Brintha NC
Published: February 2022

Contemporarily, natural fibers are considered as one of the important reinforcement materials as a consequence of their positive environmental productive characteristics like biodegradability, eco-friendliness, and nontoxicity. Mostly, natural fibers are used as commercial products towards lightweight materials and other applications. Most of the recent research works are closely related to aquatic and other natural fibers since they are considered to replace synthetic fibers. This research work focuses on the extraction process from water hyacinth plant into various commercial products by converting the hyacinth powder and ash particles with epoxy resin through the help of a compression molding machine. No work has to be done by using water hyacinth powder and ash reinforced polymer composites. The work samples were subjected to mechanical testing, thermal, TGA, DTA, SEM, elemental mapping, and chemical analysis. Mechanical strength of powder and ash composites varies from tensile 14.94 to 18.80 MPa, 18.91 to 28.6 MPa, and flexural 25.28 to 31.56 MPa, 23.08 to 45.704 MPa, and Impact 0.05 to 0.10 J, 0.10 to 0.15 J. Based on the final results obtained from this work the water hyacinth natural plant powder and ash can be used as reinforcement materials with an epoxy resin matrix that can be used for particleboard production and also other lightweight material products.
Influence of tool rotational speed on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Li Alloy using Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Katiyar Jitendra Kumar , Acharya Uttam , Saha Subash Chandra , Roy Barnik Saha
Published: February 2022

Al-Li alloy is one of the suitable materials to be used in the aerospace industry due to its unique physical, mechanical, fatigue and corrosion resistance properties. The present study investigates the effect of rotational tool speed (TRS) on force and torque and its consequences on heat input, temperature, microstructure, and mechanical properties of a 5 mm thick 2050-T84 Al-Li alloy plates in square butt joint configuration. The investigation reveals defect-free welds at TRS ranging from 600 rpm to 1400 rpm. The grain size at nugget zone (NZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) increases (10.59 µm-16.79 µm; TMAZ-AS; 12.67µm-18.96 µm and TMAZ-RS; 12.22 µm-17.98 µm) with an increase in TRS (600–1400 rpm). The high ultimate tensile strength (UTS-410MPa) and % elongation (11.15%) was observed at 1400 rpm. With the help of scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of tensile fracture samples, the ductile nature of tensile fracture is observed.
A vision-based method for line-side switch rail condition monitoring and inspection
Authors: Ye Jiaqi , Stewart Edward , Chen Qianyu , Chen Lei , Roberts Clive
Published: February 2022

In railway systems, switch rails are one of the key components of switches & crossings (S&C). They are controlled by switch machines to guide trains from one track to another. Due to the discontinuity in geometry, switch rails are exposed to high-impact loads as train wheels pass through. The long-term impact loads can cause local plastic deformation. These faults, and general alignment changes, can lead to the development of a gap between the switch rail and the stock rail known as a toe gap, as well as non-optimal contact with the wheel flange, both of which can endanger the safe operation of passing trains. Currently, periodic visual inspection is the main method for detecting these defects. This is not efficient or reliable enough to support the ever-shortening maintenance windows available in modern railway systems. The development of computer vision technologies and constantly improving processors make it possible to monitor the health status of such safety-critical components in real time. This research proposes a line-side condition monitoring approach for the switch rail. With the use of dedicated identification algorithms, the status of the switch rail, including movement, position, toe gap and the edge of the toes, can be monitored remotely in real time. This approach has been tested in a high-speed train testing centre in China. The results show a capability to further improve the safe operation of S&C while simultaneously reducing the cost and increasing the safety of inspection.
A challenge in diagnosing rash in HIV-positive MSM patient during overlapping epidemics in Central and Eastern Europe: Case report
Authors: Bieńkowski Carlo , Kowalska Justyna D
Published: February 2022

In 2018-19, in Poland, there was a significant increase in the incidence of both measles and syphilis. In 2019, a 38-year-old HIV-positive MSM patient was admitted to a Department of Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw due to a rash on his trunk and palms. The patient had a past medical history notable for several syphilis episodes and hepatitis C twice. The patient was under care of the HIV Outpatient Clinic in the Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw since 2015, on fully effective antiretroviral therapy. Due to new syphilis onset with high titers and concomitant acute hepatitis C, he was hospitalized and treated with crystalline penicillin in a dose of 4x5 million units intravenously for 2 weeks along with benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units intramuscularly before being discharged. Ten days after being discharged home, the patient presented at the HIV clinic with fever and a non-itchy maculopapular rash that first appeared on the face and then also on the trunk and limbs. In presumptive diagnosis, three main conditions were taken into account: new onset of sexually transmitted disease, delayed allergic reaction to benzathine penicillin, and—in relation to a recent epidemical outbreak—measles. On physical examination, small white spots on the inner lining of the cheek were found (Koplik’s spots). Swabs taken for measles RNA testing confirmed the diagnosis. Regarding the fact that both diseases may occur with a rash, they may pose a diagnostic challenge. Physicians should always include local epidemiological situation, including the possibility of overlapping outbreaks in differential diagnosis of nonspecific symptoms.
Safe and Sound: The Effects of Experimentally Priming the Sense of Attachment Security on Pure-Tone Audiometric Thresholds Among Young and Older Adults
Authors: Nagar Shir , Mikulincer Mario , Nitsan Gal , Ben-David Boaz M.
Published: February 2022

Attachment security has consistently been found to correlate with relaxed exploration, openness, and mindful attention to incoming information. The present studies explored whether contextually infusing a sense of attachment security (security priming) can improve hearing in young and older adults. In Study 1, participants (29 young, 30 older) performed a standardized pure-tone audiometric-thresholds test twice. In the security-priming condition, a picture of a participant’s security-enhancing figure was presented throughout the task. In the control condition, a picture of an unknown person (matched in sex, age, and facial expression) was used as a neutral prime. Study 2 (14 young, 14 older) was almost identical, except that it was preregistered and the neutral prime was a circle. In both studies, participants performed better (had lower hearing thresholds) in the security-priming condition. The current study is the first to show that attachment security improves sensory perception, and these results have meaningful implications for theory and clinical hearing tests.
Trade unions challenges in organising Polish workers: A comparative case study of British and Swiss trade union strategies
Authors: Rogalewski Adam
Published: February 2022

This article analyses challenges in organising Polish workers by Unison (UK) and Unia (Switzerland). Using case studies of projects delivered by those unions with the aim to enhancing inclusion of Polish workers, the article argues that the internal union dynamics, such as union identity and structures are instrumental for a sustainable organisation of migrant members. Furthermore, the example of Unia demonstrates that an important factor for successful organising of Polish workers was the recognition of their collective agency and their contribution to union revitalisation. Finally, the research demonstrates that previous membership in Polish trade unions was not a significant factor influencing their involvement in British and Swiss workers’ movements.
A novel methodology for determining effectiveness of preprocessing methods in reducing undesired spectral variability in near infrared spectra
Authors: Buendia Garcia Jhon , Gornay Julien , Lacoue-Negre Marion , Mas Garcia Silvia , Er-Rmyly Jihane , Bendoula Ryad , Roger Jean-Michel
Published: February 2022

This study uses a novel analysis methodology based on the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) to determine the effectiveness of different preprocessing methods in minimizing undesired spectral variability in near infrared spectroscopy due to both the consecutive and repetitive acquisition of the spectrum and the sample temperature. Nine preprocessing methods and different combinations of them were evaluated in four case studies: reproducibility, repeatability, sample temperature, and combination of the before mentioned cases. Eighty-four spectra acquired on seven different hydrocarbon samples from catalytic conversion processes have been selected as the real case study to illustrate the potential of the mentioned methodology. The approach proposed allows a more detailed discriminatory analysis compared to the classical methods for comparing the between-class and the within-class variances, such as the Wilks’ lambda criterion, and hence constitutes a powerful tool to determine adequate spectral preprocessing strategies. This study also proves the potential of the discrimination analysis methodology as a general scheme to identify atypical behaviors either in the spectrum acquisition or in the measured samples.
Redefining nursing solidarity
Authors: Domingo-Osle Marta , Domingo Rafael
Published: February 2022

The idea of solidarity is in vogue, especially since the eruption of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the term “solidarity,” as used in nursing, is imprecise and vague, lacking clear definition and connoting a variety of general meanings. Based on the original meaning of “solidarity” in ancient Roman law, this article captures the archetypical idea of solidarity from a historical and interdisciplinary perspective. This archetypical or primary meaning comes before the development of any other meanings of the word, and it is therefore authentic and genuine because it does not derive from something else. After establishing the archetypical meaning of solidarity, the article translates this meaning into the area of nursing and demonstrates a deep connectivity between healthcare and solidarity. The second part of the article offers and develops a new definition of nursing solidarity as the responsibility for the healthcare of a person (unit) shared as a whole (entirety) by that person and a nurse or a nursing team (plurality). This new definition has some implications for nursing practice and education, since the definition emphasizes the idea that solidarity helps to (a) foster respect and avoid discrimination, (b) promote cohesion in health communities, (c) increase individual responsibility and a spirit of service, (d) stimulate motivation, (e) improve communication, (f) create an engaging workplace, and (g) develop leadership.
Nursing and advocacy in health: An integrative review
Authors: Heck Letícia Olandin , Carrara Bruna Sordi , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Arena Ventura Carla Aparecida
Published: February 2022

Background

The practice of health advocacy in nursing has been defined as a process aimed at promoting the independence and autonomy of users of health services, in addition to providing information on healthcare decision-making and offering support for decisions taken.

Ethical considerations

Ethics approval was not required to conduct this review.

Aim

This integrative review aims to synthesize evidence in the literature on health advocacy in professional nursing practice.

Methods

An integrative review methodology guided by Whittemore and Knalf was used. Studies were identified by conducting searches on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and LILACS databases. Of 2179 records, 34 studies matched the inclusion criteria.

Results

The main aspects involved in the practice of health advocacy by professional nurses are related to the ethical principles of the nursing profession, such as protecting patients seeking autonomy and care. Furthermore, the practice of health advocacy by nurses requires an empathetic attitude, responsibility, and assertive communication.

Conclusion

The diverse possibilities for the practice of advocacy synthesized in this study allow nurses to approach and become familiarized with the topic, being able to acquire and complement knowledge that will reflect on their professional practice in different work environments such as the educational field, in hospital practice, or basic health care.
In Pursuit of Education: Why Some Tribal Girls Continue and Others Dropout of Schools in Rural India?
Authors: Nayak Kumari Vibhuti , Kumar Randhir
Published: February 2022

This research focus on the barriers and facilitators of accessing primary and secondary education among the tribal girls in the hinterlands of India. Using ethnographic approach, this study provides a narrative of the girls belonging to the Oraon tribe on what enables or prohibits them to successfully complete their education. The findings reveal that the economic hardships of parents, early arranged or love marriages and the absence of role models in the village affect the perceived value and relevance of education. On the other hand, competent teachers, the use of local language, local relevance of syllabus, stable family income and parental support played a crucial role in facilitating the successful completion of the girls’ education. The article applies the theoretical framework of ecological systems theory to better understand the proximal and distal personal and societal factors that determine the dropout rate of the tribal girls in the formal education system.