bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytic-Experimental Method for Determining the Eccentricity of a Cantilever Rotor
Authors: Costache Adrian , Craifaleanu Andrei , Orăşanu Nicolaie
Published: September 2013

Various mechanical systems contain highspeed rotating bodies, which are affected by small eccentricities. During operation, such shape irregularities are the cause of vibrations that can produce malfunctioning, as well as early wear development in the bearings and in other parts of the devices. In order to control and reduce these undesirable effects, the eccentricity of the rotors must be determined, which, due to their geometrical complexity, can be seldom achieved by direct measurement. The paper proposes an analytic-experimental method for determining the eccentricity of a cantilever rotor, based on the statistical processing of data obtained by measuring the vibrations of its bearing. The application of the method is illustrated on a laboratory testing model built by the authors.
Noise Control in an Industrial Hall
Authors: Bacria Vasile , Herisanu Nicolae
Published: September 2013

nside the industrial halls one can find different noisy machines and equipments. During their work these ones generate noise and vibrations which affect human beings inside or outside the hall. In this paper we present the results obtained in the investigation of the acoustic field generated by sources within an industrial hall emphasizing the frequency spectra, characteristic parameters, propagation way and some effects generated. A description of measurements is included together with an analysis of obtained results as well as the establishment of noise mitigation methods consisting in acoustical arrangement of the hall in order to eliminate the unpleasant effects.
Influence of Vibrations on Grain Harvesters Operator
Authors: Vladut Valentin , Biris Sorin-Stefan , Bungescu Sorin Tiberiu , Herisanu Nicolae
Published: September 2013

The paper proposes an analysis of vibrations within many Romanian and foreign harvesters provided with tangential threshing unit, watching the influence which these ones have on the human operator's health. The determination of vibrations has been performed on the basis of accelerations measured at various frequencies, on the three directions: x, y and z (by means of the accelerometers mounted on the main working parts of the harvester), tracing the nomographs representing the limits up to which, these are not dangerous for the operator's health.
Key words: vibrations, harvester, accelerations, nomogram, frequency.
Influence of Hysteretic Behavior on Seismic Strength Demands: An Analysis for Romanian Vrancea Earthquakes
Authors: Craifaleanu Iolanda Gabriela
Published: September 2013

The paper presents the results of a study performed on a large ground motion database, containing records obtained during the three strongest earthquakes that occurred during the past four decades in the Vrancea seismogenic zone. In order to express strength demands imposed by these earthquakes, constant-ductility nonlinear acceleration spectra were computed for two sets of seismic records, selected as representative for narrow frequency band and broad frequency band ground motions, respectively. The spectra, determined for various types of bilinear hysteretic models, were normalized with respect to peak ground acceleration and mean values, as well as coefficients of variation, were computed for each analysis case. The sensitivity of spectral values to the variation of strength hardening and stiffness degradation parameters was determined, with reference to the elastic-perfectly plastic model. Conclusions were drawn, separately for the two distinct types of ground motion frequency content, on the significance of the considered hysteretic model parameters for the assessment of seismic strength demands.
Approximate Analytical Solutions to Nonlinear Vibrations of a Thin Elastic Plate
Authors: Ene Remus D. , Marinca Vasile , Marinca Bogdan
Published: September 2013

In this paper we consider the propagation equation of the longitudinal elastic wave in the presence of the volume forces, taking into account the shear phenomena of a thin elastic plate. In order to find an approximate analytical solutions of the governing system we apply Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). This technique combines the features of the homotopy concept with an efficient computational algorithm which provides a simple and rigorous procedure to control the convergence of the solution. An excellent agreement is found between the results obtained using OHAM and numerical integration results.
Inverse Problems of Single Mode about Some Indeterminate Beams
Authors: Wang Qi Shen , Liu Ming Hui , Zhang Li Hua , He Min
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the conditions and method of constructing the stiffness distribution function of various parameters indeterminate beams by the fundamental mode and specified polynomial density distributing function were made up. It is discussed that the constructed stiffness distribution functions are positive functions in case with different density distributing.
Coupling PSE and FLUENT to Predict Laminar-Turbulent Transition in Boundary Layers
Authors: Zhou Y. , Fang Y.H.
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the coupling method of PSE and FLUENT was experimented for predicting the laminar-turbulent transition. The software FLUENT was used to get the basic flow over a flat plate. A two-dimensional T-S wave and a pair of three-dimensional T-S waves were fed in at the entrance. The transition criterion was verified by DNS results. The availability of the coupling methodology has been evaluated.
Application of Homotopy Perturbation Method for the Generalized Burgers-Fisher Equation
Authors: Yu Jun , Huang Jian Gang
Published: September 2013

The homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is generalized to solve the generalized Burgers-Fisher equation, and some new analytical solutions for the given system are achieved. Furthermore, the comparison of the result obtained using this method with the exact ones reveals that the HPM is a promising tool for solving nonlinear systems.
Modeling and Analyzing for Multi-Axis Wheeled Vehicle Handling Performance and Stability
Authors: Li Jun , Yuan Shi Hua , Lyu Shu Peng , Jyu Dong Mei
Published: September 2013

In this paper, by using the method of Lagrange equation mechanics, a 3DOF common dynamic differential equation for four-axis wheeled vehicle is calculated. whats more, a basic handling math model of four-axis wheeled vehicle is obtained. The handling performance and stability simulation for two plans of one type of vehicle is finished by using the model completed, and the suggestion for optimal design plan is given. According to the test data of sample vehicle that has been validated, the model has a high credibility.
Numerical Investigation of Sub-Iteration Criterions for Unsteady Flow Computations with Dual-Time Method
Authors: Li Guang Ning , Xu Min
Published: September 2013

The convergence of sub-iteration with the dual-time method is very important for the prediction of unsteady flow field. The influence of sub-iteration step number, criterion of sub-iteration convergence and the choice of physical time step size on the calculation results are discussed by solving of the two-dimensional unsteady Euler equations. A new convergence criterion (named residual criterion) of sub-iteration for unsteady flows is proposed, and the unsteady flow test case AGARD-CT5 is calculated to verify the new criterion. The results show that, with the same criterion of sub-iteration, the results from different physical time step sizes are in agreement with each other. The difference between the experiment data and the numerical results are small, and if the sub-iteration criterion used is reasonable and small enough, the dependence of numerical results of unsteady flows on the physical time step will be decreased as possible. The new criterion of sub-iteration for dual-time step unsteady calculations can be used for engineering problem.
Physical Invariant Constitutive Equation for Soft Tissues
Authors: Shariff M.H.B.M.
Published: September 2013

Principal axis formulations are regularly used in isotropic elasticity but they are not often used in dealing with anisotropic problems. In this paper, based on a principal axis technique, we develop a physical invariant constitutive equation for incompressible transversely isotropic solids, where it contains only a one variable (general) function. The corresponding strain energy function depends on four invariants that have immediate physical interpretation. These invariants are useful in facilitating an experiment to obtain a specific constitutive equation for a particular type of materials. The explicit appearance of the classical ground state constants in the constitutive equation simplifies the calculation for their admissible values. A specific constitutive model is proposed for soft tissues and the model fits reasonably well with existing experimental data; it is also able to accurately predict experiment data.
Design of Wind Turbine Vibration Monitor Based on DSP + ARM
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wang Hui Zhong
Published: September 2013

Mainly studies the wind turbine monitor based on DSP + ARM, bearing vibration signals as monitoring objects, the diagnosis of a wind turbine failure by time-domain analysis and wavelet packet analysis; describes the system design, study the data detection methods, communication way, the man-machine interface functions, the DSP and ARM means of communication. This system is in a more powerful function, can more comprehensive monitoring the wind generator, and can effectively analyze data.
The Dynamic Research of Industrial Sewing Machines Based on the Modal and Operational Deformation Analysis
Authors: Li Ya Jun , Zhang Li , Ma Yan Miao , Liu Bin
Published: September 2013

The vibration of the operational sewing machine is caused mostly by the fundamental frequency of the motor and its harmonic frequencies. The experimental modal analysis was conducted on a certain industrial sewing machine to identify its modal parameters. The operational deformation analysis was carried out and the actual deformation in the first six harmonic frequencies of the main speed frequency was obtained. Finally, the dynamic characteristic was identified by analyzing how each mode influences the harmonic vibration. This paper provides a valuable reference for noise reduction of the sewing machine.
Dynamic Characteristics of a Multi-Functional Bridge Bearing with Built-In Piezocomposite Element
Authors: Ha Dong Ho , Choo Jinkyo F. , Lee Chang Hyung , Jang Won Seo , Goo Nam Seo
Published: September 2013

A multi-functional bridge bearing with built-in piezocomposite electricity generating element (PCGE) is being developed by our research team to respond to the growing demand of self-powered sensing devices for the monitoring of bridges by harvesting the energy produced by the traffic-induced vibrations. For the intended application, a multilayered piezoelectric PCGE structure composed of layers of piezoceramic, glass/epoxy, and carbon/epoxy, has been developed to improve the durability, output voltage and power of the piezoceramic. The output voltage of this PCGE can be used for real-time traffic monitoring like in bridge-weigh-in-motion systems and can eventually be exploited to generate the electricity needed for the lighting and functioning of other embedded sensors. This paper presents the results of the dynamic loading tests conducted on a prototype of the proposed multi-functional bridge bearing to enhance its design details and verify the accuracy of the measurement. The results show that the bearing provides reliable measurement for traffic monitoring and enable to conceive details for the improvement of the output voltage of the PCGE. Since bridge bearings, as indispensable devices transferring the loads and movements from the deck to the substructure and foundations of the bridge, are continuously subjected to traffic loads, the proposed bridge bearing appears to be a natural and economic solution that can be applied to existing or newly built bridges without modification of the conventional design while providing additional and valuable functions for the maintenance of the structure.
Novel Multilevel Hybrid Cascaded Inverter for High Power Motion Control Systems
Authors: Baimel Dmitry , Tapuchi Saad , Rabinovici Raul
Published: September 2013

The paper presents an analysis of a novel multilevel inverter that can be used in the power modules of motion control systems for soft starting and speed control of high power medium voltage synchronous and induction motors. The inverter is constructed from hybrid cascaded H-bridge cells. The advantages of the proposed inverter upon standard topologies are significant reduction of electrical components and as a result, smaller size and weight. The proposed approach can be extended to any desired number of voltage levels. Extensive simulation results validate the practicability of the proposed inverter. Several aspects, such as Total Harmonic Distortion Factor of the inverter output currents and voltages, harmonic content, and frequency spectrum distribution are studied.
Film Cooling Effect on the Nosetip in Hypersonic Flow
Authors: Nie Tao , Liu Wei Qiang
Published: September 2013

The cooling effect of a film cooling thermal protection system is investigated, and the flow field, aerodynamic force and surface temperature distribution are obtained. The numerical method is validated by experiment with no film cooling. The physical mechanism of the reduction of temperature is analyzed. The jet interacts with the free stream to form a thermal insulating layer on the wall, which enables the free stream to flow outside the wall rather than interact with the surface to produce aerodynamic heating. In addition, the film cooling flow form a cool recirculation region, which reduces the temperature on the surface. Analysis of the numerical simulation results shows that this kind of thermal protection system has an excellent cooling effect on the surface of the nose-tip. With the outlet speed increasing, the cooling efficiency is improved and the aerodynamic resistance is changeless. When outlet speed and total pressure are invariable, the cooling effect of air and nitrogen is the same, but the cooling effect of helium is better.
Study on Mechanics Behavior of Human Ear Sound Transmission Based on Nonlinear Constitutive Relation
Authors: Yao Wen Juan , Luo Bo Te
Published: September 2013

Based on the normal CT scan image of human right ear, numerical model has been established combined with self-compiling program. The nonlinear constitutive relation of real middle ear material has been included, and sound - solid and liquid - solid coupling method have been adopted to simulate the sound transmission process from external auditory canal to tympanic membrane, auditory ossicle chain, and eventually to the inner ear. Frequency response and sound transmission behavior has been obtained, and numerical calculation results have been verified by comparing the calculation results with the experimental data. The amplitude, vibration velocity, and stress distribution of middle ear have been analyzed by the model, and the most easy damage part of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chains owing to stress concentration have been obtained in sound transmission of middle ear, which exposes the inner relationship between mechanical behavior of middle ear and pathological changes.
The Strain Distribution and Equilibrium Morphology for Dome-Shaped Ge/Si Semiconductor Quantum Dot
Authors: Zhou Wang Min , Gao Long , Cai Cheng Yu , Yin Shu Yuan
Published: September 2013

The stress and strain in a growing sample are driving forces leading to the formation of self-assembled quantum dots in lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxy.The stress and strain distributions, as well as the dependence of the strain energy on the aspect ratio, of a dome self-assembled Ge/Si semiconductor quantum dot are investigated based on finite element method of anisotropic theory of elasticity. The free energy consisting of the strain energy and surface energy is defined, and used to study the equilibrium shape of the systems. The results are consistent with experiment observations.
Intelligent Navigation of Assembly Stations Based on Real-Time Manufacturing Information
Authors: Yang Teng , Zhang Ying Feng , Wang Jun Qiang
Published: September 2013

In order to improve the real-time control and optimization of assembly process, this article takes the basic execution unitassembly station as the study subject. Based on real-time manufacturing information, the concept of the intelligent navigation of assembly activities is put forward. Through the application of RFID technology to capture the multi-source information, three kinds of navigation services, namely real-time assembly operating guidance service, collaborative manufacturing service among assembly stations and real-time optimization service of task queue, are designed to implement optimal navigation. The presented concept and services will facilitate the real-time data driven process monitor and control between the assembly line and assembly station.
A Lyapunov-Based Control for a Single-Phase Shunt Hybrid Active Filter
Authors: Cheng Hao , Li Chun Wen
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we analyze the control effect of the Lyapunov control strategy on the single-phase shunt hybrid active power filter based on the averaged state space model. The control law is derived by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov control function, and the switching signals is obtained through the pulse width modulation (PWM). The simulation results show that the Lyapunov-based control for a single-phase shunt hybrid active filter is of stability feature, and has good harmonic compensation performance. It presents better harmonic elimination compared to the the traditional PI and LQR controller.
Research on Production Process Control for Discrete Manufacturing Enterprise Based on Integration of MRPII/JIT/TOC
Authors: Qiao Dong Ping , Geng Jun Xiao
Published: September 2013

Aim at the complexity of production process control for discrete manufacturing enterprise, the integration of production process control was studied to solve the practical problems in the enterprise. The production process for discrete manufacturing enterprise was analyzed, the push and pull models of production process control were compared, the control model was built based on integration of MRPII/JIT/TOC, the bottlenecks was identified using simulation. The production process integrated control of a workshop in an aviation manufacturing enterprise was simulated, and the effectiveness of the integration control model was validated.
Design and Development of an Omnidirectional Mobile Robot
Authors: Kang Tey Wei , Yong Lim Thol , Fai Yeong Che , Ming Eileen Su Lee
Published: September 2013

Most mobile robots use differential-drive concept, where they are equipped with two actuators that permit only single-direction rotation at a time. This concept limits the robots navigation because its orientation must always change according to the direction of movement. This paper presents the development of an omnidirectional mobile robot that uses three actuators, aligned in 120 degrees separation and each attached to an omniwheel. By manipulating actuator speed, the robot can navigate to any direction without changing its orientation. UsingNIsbRIO9632xtas the main controller, navigation algorithm is implemented in LabVIEW, integrated with PID controller to fine-tune robot movements.
Synchronization Analysis of Boolean Network
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zhu Wei
Published: September 2013

Boolean network and its synchronization have been gradually used to the global behavior analysis of large gene regulatory network. Network synchronization depends mainly on the dynamics of each node and the topology of the network. In this paper, using the semi-tensor product of matrices, a necessary and sufficient condition based on transition matrix for Boolean network complete synchronization is presented. The synchronization of Boolean control network is also discussed. Two examples are given to illustrate the theoretical result.
A Robust Algorithm for Digital Watermarking with Tamper Recovery
Authors: Li Chuan Mu
Published: September 2013

A block-wise and content-based image authentication scheme with location and recovery is presented. In this scheme, the watermark of each block is an encrypted form of its content-feature, which is embedded in another block which selected by an ergodic matrix of a chaotic sequence. The randomicity of selected block can robust the VQ attack. The encryption further strengthens the security. That all security parameters are user dependent and can be computed at both ends individually based on Diffie-Hellman key exchange method makes the scheme not only robust against collage attack but also truly oblivious. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme can detect and localize any tampering of size 8x8 pixels and above and can recover a 40% damaged image to an intelligible one.
The Application and Realization of Active Database in Computer Immune System
Authors: Wu Mei Mei
Published: September 2013

In this paper we introduce a kind of management mechanism for computer immune system GECISM (GEneral Computer Immune System Model)[. With it when emergency happens it can be timely and actively response according to the current state of database. Thus it improved the executive efficiency of the computer immune system. The method is that we design the local rules in the form of active database. It neednt user intervention for the processes to be handled by the processor. The database of the client machine can automatically carry out the judgment of "self" and "non-self". So it can improve the system's processing capability.
The Research on Cluster Algorithm in WSN
Authors: Zhang Hui Yan , Zhu Jie , Ma Zong Ya , Xia Hai
Published: September 2013

Due to the problem of energy-constraint in WSN, how to make use of the energy and extend the lifetime of the network is the urgent problem needed to be solved by WSN. Cluster Algorithm is an important algorithm in Hierarchical routing. This paper analyzes the formation of cluster header and put forward a conclusion and expectation on the basis of some typical ways of Cluster Algorithm at present.
The Classification Mechanism of ZrB2 Powder Materials via the Sedimentation Method
Authors: Song Jie Guang , Xu Ming Han , Chen Ai Xia , Wang Fang , Du Da Ming
Published: September 2013

With the development of science and technology, the more and more demand of ultra-fine powder is showed. The ZrB2/A1(OH)3-Y(OH)3 core-shell composite particles already are synthesized. To obtain the better A1(OH)3-Y(OH)3 composite shell, the higher coating ratio on the ZrB2 particles surfaces to prepare high performance multiphase ceramics, the classification of ZrB2 raw material is investigated by the sedimentation method. The sedimentation time of classing ZrB2 particles is decided for 30 minutes to reach fine ZrB2 particles with smaller size and narrower distribution is obtained.
Research on Network Virtual Instrument
Authors: Zhang Da Wei , Xie Xiao Jian
Published: September 2013

According to research on the technologies of virtual instrument and network, a netwok virtual instrument test structure based on mixed C/S/B mode is presented in this paper. In order to solve the problem of real-time of network test, ActiveX client control and instrument testing application server is developed based on ActiveX plug-in technology. Users can login the virtual instrument test platform through the browser, submit request commands and test parameters to the Web server, control the remote equipments, and observe the real-time test data and analysis results.
Thermal Degradation and Water Absorption Behaviors of Oil Palm Fruit Bunch (OPFB) Fiber and its Composites
Authors: Kalam Anizah , Ahmad Nurul Natisya , Hyie Koay Mei
Published: September 2013

This paper investigates the thermal degradation and water absorption behaviours of OPFB composites and OPFB hybrid composites at different OPFB size. The result shows that TGA test can be used to estimate the percentage of filler in the composites. Incorporation of OPFB in PP has decreased the degradation temperature of composites. Water absorption test was conducted on OPFB composites at different OPFB size, which showed that higher OPFB size tend to absorb more water due to its pores structure. Most OPFB/PP composites reach water saturation at about the same time which was on the 150th days with about 3.0% - 3.5% water uptake. The presence of nanoclay in OPFB/PP composite has increased the water uptake of about 9%.
The Study of the Appropriate Reclamation Method for the Complete Reclamation of the Used Clay Sand
Authors: Sun Qing Zhou , Wang Jian , Zhang Pu Qing , Zhao Zhong Kui , Jin Li
Published: September 2013

The paper studies the process adaptability of the complete reclamation for the used clay sand by countercurrent rotor reclamation, grinding wheel reclamation, air flow reclamation, and vibration reclamation, and found the complete reclamation process of the used clay sand by high temperature baking, reclamation and micro powder separation. Compared with the base sand, the completely reclaimed clay sand obtained by using countercurrent rotor reclaimer, grinding wheel reclaimer and air flow reclaimer has no change of the granularity distribution, lower mud content and higher acid demand value. And the use of vibration reclaimer can only obtain the incompletely reclaimed clay sand that has no change of granularity distribution and high mud content and acid demand value compared with the base sand.
Deposition of High Quality (Ti,Al)N Hard Coatings by Computer Automation Ion Plating
Authors: Zhao Sheng Sheng , Lang Wen Chang , Yan Rong Ming
Published: September 2013

The mechanical properties of (Ti,Al)N hard coatings deposited by computer automation ion plating (CAIP) have been investigated. The results indicate that the (Ti,Al)N coatings with the thickness 27.3μm and 19.5μm were successfully directly deposited on the substrate through changing bias voltage during deposition. The mechanical properties of the coatings with large thickness are excellent: the adhesion of film/substrate is higher, the residual stress is lower, and wear resistance is better.
Recovery of Metal Values from Spent Lithium Primary Battery
Authors: Shin Shun Myung , Lee Dong Won , Kang Chang Yong , Wang Jei Pil
Published: September 2013

This document explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready manuscript for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. The text area for your manuscript must be 17 cm wide and 25 cm high (6.7 and 9.8 inches, resp.). Do not place any text outside this area. Use good quality, white paper of approximately 21 x 29 cm or 8 x 11 inches (please do not change the document setting from A4 to letter). Your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. Please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc. There should be 60 pounds of space above the caption and 6 pounds of space below it before the text continues. There should be 6 pounds of space above other information of the author, such as name, address and so on. Corresponding author is optional.
FEM Analyzing Effect of Tool Body Materials on Security Reliability for Face-Milling Cutter
Authors: Liu Lu Ning , Shi Zhen Yu , Liu Zhan Qiang
Published: September 2013

Face milling is the most common milling operation and can be performed using a wide range of different tools. Tool life is an important indicator of the milling operation in manufacturing process. In high speed machining, there are two forms of security lapse including cutter body rupture and flying out to effect face-milling cutter life. This study investigates the influence of cutting tool body material on the distribution of stress field by utilizing finite element simulations (FEM). Two kind of cutting tool body materials including Al alloys and 40CrMo tool steels were used for simulation. The cutting tool was set to be idling under different rotation speed including 5000r/min, 10000r/min, 15000r/min, 20000r/min and 30000r/min, respectively. Results show that for the two kinds of materials, the security cutting speed is 15000r/min to Al alloys and 20000r/min to 40CrMo tool steels respectively. Under the same cutting condition, 40CrMo tool steels have higher shear stress than that of Al alloys, in hence they have higher security rotation speed.
Experimental Investigation on the Cutting Mechanism of Oxygen Free Copper in Cutting Speeds Ranging from 1 m/s to 210 m/s
Authors: Shinozuka Jun
Published: September 2013

The orthogonal cutting tests of oxygen free copper with a cutting speed of from 1 m/s to 210 m/s were performed. The effect of the high-speed cutting on the improvement over the quality of the machined surface, which was evaluated by the thickness of the plastic flow layer and the surface roughness, was examined. By employing the simple shear plane model, the cutting mechanism was analyzed. The results were compared with the results for cutting of aluminum alloy obtained previously. For oxygen free copper, the resultant cutting force does not increase in high-speed cutting. However, the friction angle on the tool-chip interface rises clearly in high-speed cutting. This paper discusses the reason for the increase in the friction angle at the tool-chip interface by investigating the stress and temperature fields on the shear plane and the tool-chip interface.
Experimental Study on Fractal Laws of Cutting Force for Machining Irregular Surface of Granite
Authors: Zhang Jin Sheng , Zhang Zheng Mei , Ding Ming Wei , Wang Huai Chao , Wang Zhi
Published: September 2013

Based on orthogonal experiment of machining the irregular surface of Wulian red granite (G3768) with diamond profiling wheel, the relations between the fractal dimensions of cutting forces with machining parameters are studied. Cutting speed, feed speed and cutting depth are considered as the process parameters. The cutting force in machining granite operation are measured and the fractal dimension are calculated using using the algorithm of correlation dimension. From main effect plots the fractal dimensions of three directions of cutting forces are reduced with the increase of cutting speed and increased with the increase of feed speed and cutting depth. The mathematic models of fractal dimension of cutting force are developed by analysis of regression. The results of the ANOVA show that cutting speed and feed speed have remarkable influence to fractal dimensionDx,DyandDz.
Development of High-Efficiency and Crack-Free Grinding Process for Chamfering of LCD Glass Edge
Authors: Tian Y.B. , Xu H.
Published: September 2013

Glass panels are one of core components in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Grinding is an essential edge chamfering process in the preparation of LCD glass panel. With the size of glass panel increasing, both high productivity and high quality are required in the edge chamfering process. However, surface and subsurface defects are usually introduced to the chamfered glass edge under high-efficiency grinding conditions. In this work, we explored to develop crack-free grinding process while maintaining high chamfering efficiency with two designed diamond wheels for the chamfering of LCD glass edges. The grinding performance was compared and analyzed in terms of surface roughness and morphology. Normal and tangential grinding forces were measured to characterize the material removal characteristics. It was found that crack-free grinding/chamfering of LCD glass edge was achieved under high-efficiency grinding conditions i.e. wheel speed of 52.3 m/s, feed rate of 10 m/min, depth of cut of 50 μm. The developed grinding process is potential to reduce subsequent polishing time and cost or even replace subsequent polishing process for the preparation of LCD glass edge.
Study on Ultrasonic Generator for Ultrasonically Assisted Machining
Authors: Xu Ying Shuai , Zou Ping , Yang Xu Lei , He Yu
Published: September 2013

Ultrasonic vibration cutting can be widely used in lathe, planer, milling machine, grinding machine, thread processing and gear processing, etc. Ultrasonic vibration cutting system is composed mainly of ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic transducer, luffing rod, cutting tool, etc. Here, ultrasonic generator is the most important. The stand or fall of signal, which is produced by ultrasonic generator, has direct influence on anticipated effect and ability of ultrasonic machining. In order to generate a signal, which can be suitable for ultrasonic machining, ultrasonic vibration cutting system is studied, and ultrasonic signal generator based on direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS) is designed and conducted a cutting test with this ultrasonic machining system. The results show that the signal generator, which is made up by DDS technology, can generate the signal with stability, reliability and greater flexibility, and can be fully applicable to the ultrasonic machining.
Surface Textures Fabrication on Zirconia Ceramics by 3D Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Slant Feed Grinding
Authors: Xu Shao Lin , Nishikawa Chihiro , Shimada Keita , Mizutani Masayoshi , Kuriyagawa Tunemoto
Published: September 2013

Zirconia (ZrO2) is a promising material in the field of prosthetic and implant dentistry. Surface grinding has been used for surface roughening of zirconia ceramics to increase the mechanical retention of ceramic/resin cement bonding. In the present study, a three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonic vibration spindle, which can generate three ultrasonic vibration modes referred to as longitudinal vibration, circular vibration and 3D hybrid vibration, was employed to machine zirconia ceramics by slant feed grinding for producing tailored rough surfaces. Different micro/nanosurface textures were generated successfully, proving that the ultrasonic vibration assisted slant feed grinding is a viable method to fabricate tailored rough surfaces composed of micro/nanostructures. The surface texturing procedure was mathematically studied, and the influence of grinding and vibration conditions on the textural features was also analyzed.
Kerf Profile Characteristics in Abrasive Air Jet Micromachining
Authors: Fan Jing Ming , Wang Jun
Published: September 2013

Abrasive jet micromachining (AJM) is a promising technology for processing brittle materials. Based on an experimental study of hole and groove machining on an amorphous glass by abrasive air jet, the effects of processing parameters on the produced structure profile such as groove width or hole diameter, depth of cut and kerf taper angle are analyzed. It shows that the stand-off distance has a significant effect on the kerf width. Both the hole diameter and kerf width increase notably with an increase in stand-off distance. Positive correlation has been found between the depth of cut and air pressure. Under the same cutting conditions, low taper angle can be achieved when using small nozzles.
Micro-Grooving of Glass Using Small-Diameter Diamond Grindstone with Ultrasonic Vibration
Authors: Koshimizu Shigeomi , Aoki Shigeru
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this study was to achieve grooving on glass substrates with high levels of efficiency and precision with the use of a diamond grindstone with a small diameter in the range of 1.0-1.8 mm. Mechanical material removal by grinding has high efficiency and enables process control for creating complicated forms, but has a drawback of generating chippings on the processed surface of the brittle glass material. The study gave ultrasonic vibration of 10 μm at 20 kHz in the thrust direction to the rotating small-diameter diamond grindstone in the grinding process, in order to attain high levels of efficiency and precision in micro-grooving of glass. The grooving approach with ultrasonic vibration did create some minor chippings, but succeeded in meeting the target of reducing the average size of chippings around the groove to 0.1 mm or less.
Research on Ultra Precision Mirror Machining Technology for Aluminum Alloy Mobile Phone Shell
Authors: Guan Jia Liang , Zhang Xiao Hui , Ma Xin Qiang , Wang Zhi Wei , Zhu Li Li
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the ultra-precision mirror polishing technology was adopted for mirror processing experimental study of Aluminum Alloy mobile phone shell. The experiments show that: polishing pressure, Grinding disc speed, the texture and hardness of polishing pad and abrasive particle size are the main factors to affect the surface quality. Through to optimize these parameters matching combination, can effectively improve the surface quality and reduce the surface roughness and obtain surface roughness is Ra0.026μm.
Effects of Magnetic Fluid on Machining Characteristics in Magnetic Field Assisted Polishing Process
Authors: Yin Shao Hui , Xu Zhi Qiang , Duan Hong Jie , Chen Feng Jun
Published: September 2013

Magnetic characteristics of three magnetic polishing fluids such as magnetic fluid (MF), magnetorheological fluid (MRF), and magnetic compound fluid (MCF) under magnetic field are experimentally investigated and analyzed. Their magnetic cluster structures under action of magnet field are observed, and their magnetic cluster models are established. Magnetic flied assisted polishing experiments for tungsten carbide are developed used these three kinds of magnetic fluids, material removal and surface roughness are respectively measured. At last, the machining characteristic of three magnetic fluids are contrasted and discussed according to experimental results.
Experimental Study on Micro-Deliquescence Ultra-Precision Polishing with Fine Water Mist for KDP Crystal
Authors: Wang Xu , Gao Hang , Guo Dong Ming , Chen Y.C. , Song C.P.
Published: September 2013

KDP crystal (Potassium dihydrogen phosphate single crystal) is extremely difficult to obtain flawless surface because of its soft, brittle, and hygroscopic. And a large amount of time has been spend on obtaining flawless surface with ultra-precision machining methods. In order to quickly reduce surface roughness on KDP crystal, a new micro-deliquescence polishing method with fine water mist was proposed, the polishing tool with fine water mist was designed, and the polishing experiment was carried out. The micro-deliquescence polishing with fine water mist can improve the surface quality of KDP crystal quickly, so it is an effective preprocessing before ultra-precision machining.
Study on Dual-Plane Ball Polishing Method for Finishing Ceramics Ball
Authors: Feng Kai Ping , Zhou Zhao Zhong , Lv Bing Hai , Yuan Ju Long
Published: September 2013

This paper represents a dual-plane polishing method for ceramics ball. Compared with traditional ball polishing method, its upper and lower plate are all flat and easy to use soft pad to polish, so it can largely reduce the surface mechanical damage and obtain high quality processing surface. This paper analyzes surface polishing trajectory by calculation and simulation to test the polishing trajectory uniformity. A mathematics model of polishing process is established to disintegrate the process of a balls movement. Experiment is operated in dual-plane planetary polishing machine. The result shows that perfect polishing surface and spherical error can be obtained under the proper process parameters, the surface roughness achieves 4nm and the spherical error can reach 0.217μm.
Impact Erosion of Quartz Crystals by Micro-Particles in Abrasive Waterjet Micro-Machining
Authors: Qi H. , Fan J.M. , Wang Jun
Published: September 2013

Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) micro-machining is a precision processing technology with some distinct advantages. To understand the machining process, the erosion mechanism is presented and discussed when micro-particle impacting on a quartz crystal specimen. It is found that three types of impressions are formed which are craters, micro-dents and scratches. Small-scale craters including crashed zones and radial cracks are associated with plastic flow and subsurface micro-cracks that decrease the material strength, but cause little material removal, while large-scale craters including conchoidal fractures caused by the propagation of lateral cracks dominate the volume change of the specimen. Micro-dents are produced by the impact of particles possessing small kinetic energies, and scratches are generated by particle sliding or rolling over the target surface and make a negligible contribution to material removal. The crater volume generated by the impact of individual particle is then discussed with respect to particle impacting velocity and impact angle. It shows that an increase in particle impact angle or particle velocity increases the crater volume due to the increased conchoidal fractures during the impact process.
Proposal of Finishing Method of MLA Mold Applied Sphere Indentation
Authors: Kobayashi Yasunori , Ishida Ryo , Sakamoto Haruhisa
Published: September 2013

In this study, the novel finishing method of the Micro Lens Array mold is proposed. This method combines the cutting by a ball-endmill and the finishing by sphere indentation. In the previous step, U-shape grooves intersected at right angle are machined by a ball-endmill. In the following step, the ball tool indents at the intersection between U-shape grooves, consequently, the aiming lens form and the aiming surface roughness are obtained. From the results of the manufacturing experiments of the MLA mold by this method, the following are made clear : The proposed method is effective to suppress the deformation of neighboring lens forms caused by following indentation. The improvement effect of sphere indentation on the finished surface roughness is remarkable in the early stage of indentation. The transcribing deviations are 12μm or less in comparison between the radius of lens form and the ideal value regardless of radii in grooves previously cut. In case of the indentation of neighboring four (2 × 2) lenses, the deviation reduces down to 3μm.
Study on Radial Deformation of CBN Grinding Wheel Considering Centrifugal Force and Grinding Heat
Authors: Wang Xue Zhi , Wang Wan Shan , Yu Tian Biao , Yuan Na , Sun Xue
Published: September 2013

For ultra-high-speed grinding, the deformation of grinding wheel has a greater impact on the machining accuracy. Finite element method was used to study the radial deformation of the CBN grinding wheel considering centrifugal force and grinding heat. The study shows that the effects of centrifugal force and grinding heat are same magnitude, and the proportion changes with the change of grinding speed and grinding force. By finite element analysis, it is possible to solve the grinding wheel the radial deformation and grinding temperature under different grinding speed and grinding force, and it also provides theoretical support for predicting the machining accuracy, compensating precision and avoiding grinding burn.
Research on Iso-Scallop Method for NC Grinding of the Special Rotating Workpiece
Authors: Li Li Jun , Sun Wei , Zhang Tao , Dong Hai Jiang , Bai Wei Tao
Published: September 2013

Based on the iso-scallop height NC machining method, the topic researched on the use of it in the NC grinding. According to the convexity and concavity rotating workpiece, calculating the feeding line while using cylindrical grinding wheel and wheel grinding wheel, and dispersing the generating line of the gyro-rotor. At last, with a special rotating workpiece for example, achieving the most reasonable grinding parameters, tool path strategies and the pulse control strategies according to the radius of curvature, realizing the promotion and command of the grinding precision.
Experimental Investigation on Grinding Performance of Microcrystalline Alumina Abrasive Grinding Wheel for Superalloys
Authors: Dong Zhi Gang , Zhao Xi Wen , Zhu Xiang Long , Kang Ren Ke , Hao Bing Jun
Published: September 2013

Superalloys are widely used in the aeronautic and astronautic industries owing to their excellent properties in aspects of high-temperature strength, heat stability and thermal fatigue resistance. However, the severe loading of grinding wheel and the poor integrity of grinding surface usually become the problem in grinding of superalloys with conventional grinding wheels. In this paper an experimental study was carried out to investigate the grinding characteristics of superalloys with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheel. The roughness of grinding surface was tested, on which the effects of the grinding parameters were analyzed. Study results indicated that low loading of grinding wheel and high quality of grinding surface (Ra 0.2 μm) were obtained. The grinding parameters were optimized based on the experiment results.
Fabrication of Surface Microtexture by Vibration Assisted Cutting
Authors: Shimizu Jun , Yamamoto Takeyuki , Zhou Li Bo , Ojima Hirotaka , Onuki Teppei , Nagaoka Shun Ichi
Published: September 2013

mproving materials surface function by introducing nano/micro surface textures is of great interest in various fields. The authors have also achieved an improvement in the photocatalytic surface function by introducing the microcutting grooves texture on the titanium dioxide surfaces. In this report, the authors performed the vibration assisted cutting to fabricate finer surface microtextures anticipating future usage as microtexture moulds for the nanoimprinting and/or injection moulding. In the experiment, a pure copper plate was cut using a sharply pointed triangular diamond tip vibrated by a fast tool servo system in the direction of cutting depth with μm order amplitude and kHz order frequency. As a result, it was found that the periodical micro concave-convex patterns with the combinations of impressions and pileups can be obtained by the proposed method using almost the same vibration amplitude as the cutting depth. It was also achieved that a micro-textured surface with numerous concave-convex patterns less than 1 μm in height with 3 μm in pitch.
Bending of Drill and Radial Forces in Micro Drilling
Authors: Horiuchi Osamu , Masuda Masami , Shibata Takayuki
Published: September 2013

This paper describes theoretical analysis of bending deflection and anisotropic rigidity of drill, and the induced radial forces in micro drilling. The main results obtained are as follows. (1) There are two different modes of drilling which cause bending deflection of drill and induce radial forces. They are position error mode and run-out mode. (2) The radial forces induced behave quite differently between the two modes. (3) The radial forces increases as the depth of hole increases, because the rigidity of drill beam increases. (4) The position error mode induces a cyclic stress in the drill which may cause a fatigue breakage.
Research on Subsurface Damage Layer Detection during Substrate Processing
Authors: Zhou Hai , Xu Xiao Ming , Gao Xiang , Feng Huan
Published: September 2013

Double-substrate angle polishing is presented for detecting depth of sub-surface damage layer during sapphire substrate grind process. Bimorph overlap bond is used in the double-substrate angle polishing, and when measuring the beveled corrosion crack, measurement errors caused by the traditional angle polish which results in fussy boundaries between polished bevel and the edge of the original wafer plane is avoided. Also digital length measurement is used to measure specimens polished bevel machining contours, then calculate accurate slant angles, eliminate errors of inaccurate angle values and improve measurement accuracy. This experiment has tested the length of mono-crystal polished bevel crack is 175um, the angle of slant is 4.85°. According to theoretical calculation, the double-sided grinding substrate subsurface damage layer is 15um, and the depth of double-sided crystal surface is about 30um. Grinding parameters: 320# boron carbide aqueous solution, lapping pressure 110g/cm2, grinding speed 30r/min.