bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The roles of vocabulary knowledge and metacognitive awareness as mediators between prior knowledge and L2 academic reading
Authors: Carcamo Benjamin
Published: May 2023

In recent years, reading comprehension studies have followed a componential approach aimed at determining the way in which variables interact. However, in L2 academic reading comprehension, this progress is still in its initial stages. With this context in mind, this paper aims to explore the relationship between prior knowledge and L2 reading comprehension by proposing a mediation model that considers L2 vocabulary knowledge and metacognitive awareness as mediating variables. A final sample of 75 Chilean university students with an intermediate level of English was used for the study. The variables measured were prior knowledge, vocabulary breadth, metacognitive awareness of reading strategies, and reading comprehension. Among the findings of this study, we propose a simple mediation model in which vocabulary knowledge functions as a mediator between prior knowledge and reading comprehension. Unexpectedly, the impact of metacognitive awareness was not found to be statistically significant.
Social motivation predicts gaze following between 6 and 14 months
Authors: Zeng Guangyu , Leung Tiffany S. , Maylott Sarah E. , Saunders Thea A. , Messinger Daniel S. , Llabre Maria M. , Simpson Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2023

Infants vary in their ability to follow others’ gazes, but it is unclear how these individual differences emerge. We tested whether social motivation levels in early infancy predict later gaze following skills. We longitudinally tracked infants’ (N = 82) gazes and pupil dilation while they observed videos of a woman looking into the camera simulating eye contact (i.e., mutual gaze) and then gazing toward one of two objects, at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 14 months of age. To improve measurement validity, we used confirmatory factor analysis to combine multiple observed measures to index the underlying constructs of social motivation and gaze following. Infants’ social motivation—indexed by their speed of social orienting, duration of mutual gaze, and degree of pupil dilation during mutual gaze—was developmentally stable and positively predicted the development of gaze following—indexed by their proportion of time looking to the target object, first object look difference scores, and first face‐to‐object saccade difference scores—from 6 to 14 months of age. These findings suggest that infants’ social motivation likely plays a role in the development of gaze following and highlight the use of a multi‐measure approach to improve measurement sensitivity and validity in infancy research.
RETRACTED: The hepatic and pancreatic tumour resection risk factors for surgical site wound infections: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Dong Biao , Chen Jing , Song Mina , You Changjiang , Lei Changjiang , Fan Ying
Published: May 2023

A meta‐analysis was conducted to measure hepatic and pancreatic tumour resection (HPTR) risk factors (RFs) for surgical site wound infections (SSWIs). A comprehensive literature inspection was conducted until February 2023, and 2349 interrelated investigations were reviewed. The nine chosen investigations included 22 774 individuals who were in the chosen investigations' starting point, 20 831 of them were with pancreatic tumours (PTs), and 1934 with hepatic tumours (HTs). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compute the value of the HPTR RFs for SSWIs using dichotomous and continuous approaches, and a fixed or random model. HT patients with biliary reconstruction had significantly higher SSWI (OR, 5.81; 95% CI, 3.42–9.88, P < .001) than those without biliary reconstruction. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between individuals with PT who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and those who underwent distal pancreatectomy in SSWI (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.95–2.77, P = .07). HT individuals with biliary reconstruction had significantly higher SSWI compared with those without biliary reconstruction. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between PT individuals who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and those who underwent distal pancreatectomy in SSWI. However, owing to the small number of selected investigations for this meta‐analysis, care must be exercised when dealing with its values.
Evaluation of platelet‐rich plasma plus basic fibroblast growth factor combined with minoxidil in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Shulian , Liu Shizhao , Chen Jian , Dai Damao , Liu Weijie , Le Demengjie , Guan Qing , Miao Yong , Hu Zhiqi , Qu Qian
Published: May 2023

Background

Platelet‐rich plasma plus basic fibroblast growth factor (PRPF) has been confirmed to be a safe and valuable therapy for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). However, the efficacy of PRPF combined with minoxidil treatment remains unknown.

Objective

To assess the efficacy of combined PRPF and minoxidil treatment for AGA.

Methods

In this prospective, randomized controlled trial, 75 patients with AGA were randomly divided into three groups and were administered the following treatments: Group 1, direct intradermal PRPF injection; Group 2, topical minoxidil 5% twice daily; and Group 3, PRPF injection combined with minoxidil. The PRPF injection was performed three times, 1 month apart. Hair growth parameters were evaluated using a trichoscope until the sixth month of the study. Patient satisfaction and side effects were recorded during the follow‐up.

Results

All patients showed improvements (p < 0.05) in hair count, terminal hair, and decrease in telogen hair ratio after treatment. The efficacy of PRPF complex therapy revealed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in hair count, terminal hair and growth rate, compared with monotherapy.

Limitations

Small sample size, short follow‐up time and lack of quantification of GFs in PRPF.

Conclusion

The effect of complex therapy exceed both the effects of PRPF monotherapy and minoxidil treatment, which can be a beneficial AGA treatment strategy.
Does microneedle fractional radiofrequency system inactivate botulinum toxin type A?
Authors: Jiang Lanlan , Liang Gaopeng , Li Yaoying , Liu Lu , Zhang Lian , Gu Hongzhi , Ge Lan , Song Zhiqiang
Published: May 2023

Background

The combination of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) and energy equipment have been widely used in the clinic.

Aims

To determine whether the energy of microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFR) affects the efficacy of BoNT/A and to provide an optimal strategy for the energy device in combination with BoNT/A in the clinic.

Methods

First, a total of 45 females with moderate‐to‐severe periorbital crow's feet wrinkles were enrolled and divided into three groups according to different treatment methods and intervals, including BoNT/A injection alone, BoNT/A injected immediately after MFR treatment and BoNT/A injected 7 days after MFR treatment. The photographs were compared before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment. Then, the mouse models were established by combining MFR with BoNT/A at different intervals, to evaluate muscle strength, muscle mass, muscle nutritional markers, and important cytokines levels.

Results

All patients in each group had high satisfaction. The MFR + BoNT/A (immediately) group could improve dynamic wrinkles, but the others had more significant efficacy (p < 0.05). The results of mouse models showed that all BoNT/A groups induced different degrees of muscle paralysis in vivo, but the paralytic effect induced by the BoNT/A group, MFR + BoNT/A (interval of 3‐day) group, and MFR + BoNT/A (interval of 7‐day) group were higher than others and the expression levels of muscle nutritional markers in NMJ tissues were significantly upregulated.

Conclusion

MFR has a certain reduction effect on the activity of BoNT/A, and this reduction effect would last for 3 days after MFR treatment.
Lake Sinai virus is a diverse, globally distributed but not emerging multi‐strain honeybee virus
Authors: Hou Chunsheng , Liang Hao , Chen Chenxiao , Zhao Hongxia , Zhao Pengfei , Deng Shuai , Li Beibei , Yang Dahe , Yang Sa , Wilfert Lena
Published: May 2023

Domesticated honeybees and wild bees are some of the most important beneficial insects for human and environmental health, but infectious diseases pose a serious risk to these pollinators, particularly following the emergence of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor as a viral vector. The acquisition of this novel viral vector from the Asian honeybee Apis ceranae has fundamentally changed viral epidemiology in its new host, the western honeybee A. mellifera. While the recently discovered Lake Sinai Viruses (LSV) have been associated with weak honeybee colonies, they have not been associated with vector‐borne transmission. By combining a large‐scale multi‐year survey of LSV in Chinese A. mellifera and A. cerana honeybee colonies with globally available LSV‐sequence data, we investigate the global epidemiology of this virus. We find that globally distributed LSV is a highly diverse multi‐strain virus, which is predominantly associated with the western honeybee A. mellifera. In contrast to the vector‐borne deformed wing virus, LSV is not an emerging disease. Instead, demographic reconstruction and strong global and local population structure indicates that it is a highly variable multi‐strain virus in a stable association with its main host, the western honeybee. Prevalence patterns in China suggest a potential role for migratory beekeeping in the spread of this pathogen, demonstrating the potential for disease transmission with the man‐made transport of beneficial insects.
The role of gene presence–absence variations on genetic incompatibility in Asian rice
Authors: Li Juan , Lee Cheng‐Ruei
Published: May 2023

Genetic incompatibilities are widespread between species. However, it remains unclear whether they all originated after population divergence as suggested by the Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model, and if not, what is their prevalence and distribution within populations.

The gene presence–absence variations (PAVs) provide an opportunity for investigating gene–gene incompatibility. Here, we searched for the repulsion of coexistence between gene PAVs to identify the negative interaction of gene functions separately in two Oryza sativa subspecies.

Many PAVs are involved in subspecies‐specific negative epistasis and segregate at low‐to‐intermediate frequencies in focal subspecies but at low or high frequencies in the other subspecies. Incompatible PAVs are enriched in two functional groups, defense response and protein phosphorylation, which are associated with plant immunity and consistent with autoimmunity being a known mechanism of hybrid incompatibility in plants. Genes in the two enriched functional groups are older and seldom directly interact with each other. Instead, they interact with other younger gene PAVs with diverse functions.

Our results illustrate the landscape of genetic incompatibility at gene PAVs in rice, where many incompatible pairs have already segregated as polymorphisms within subspecies, and many are novel negative interactions between older defense‐related genes and younger genes with diverse functions.
Xanthophyll esterases in association with fibrillins control the stable storage of carotenoids in yellow flowers of rapeseed (Brassica juncea)
Authors: Li Rihui , Zeng Qinyu , Zhang Xiangxiang , Jing Jing , Ge Xiaoyu , Zhao Lun , Yi Bin , Tu Jinxing , Fu Tingdong , Wen Jing , Shen Jinxiong
Published: May 2023

Biosynthesis, stabilization, and storage of carotenoids are vital processes in plants that collectively contribute to the vibrant colors observed in flowers and fruits. Despite its importance, the carotenoid storage pathway remains poorly understood and lacks thorough characterization.

We identified two homologous genes, BjA02.PC1 and BjB04.PC2, belonging to the esterase/lipase/thioesterase (ELT) family of acyltransferases. We showed that BjPCs in association with fibrillin gene BjFBN1b control the stable storage of carotenoids in yellow flowers of Brassica juncea.

Through genetic, high‐resolution mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy analyses, we demonstrated that both BjA02.PC1 and BjB04.PC2 can promote the accumulation of esterified xanthophylls, facilitating the formation of carotenoid‐enriched plastoglobules (PGs) and ultimately producing yellow pigments in flowers. The elimination of BjPCs led to the redirection of metabolic flux from xanthophyll ester biosynthesis to lipid biosynthesis, resulting in white flowers for B. juncea. Moreover, we genetically verified the function of two fibrillin genes, BjA01.FBN1b and BjB05.FBN1b, in mediating PG formation and demonstrated that xanthophyll esters must be deposited in PGs for stable storage.

These findings identified a previously unknown carotenoid storage pathway that is regulated by BjPCs and BjFBN1b, while offering unique opportunities for improving the stability, deposition, and bioavailability of carotenoids.
The role of maternal environment and dispersal ability in plants' transgenerational plasticity
Authors: Lukić Nataša , Zhu Jinlei , Schurr Frank M. , Walter Julia
Published: May 2023

Transgenerational effects enable the transmission of environmental cues from parents to offspring. Adaptive maternal effects are expected to evolve if the maternal (or parental) environment contains information about the environment experienced by offspring. This correlation between maternal and offspring environments should be strongest in plant species with reduced dispersal ability. However, studies relating dispersal ability to the strength of maternal effects are rare. This study aimed to explore whether and how the dispersal distance of species and individuals affects offspring plant performance. Using seven common European plant species, we conducted a multi‐year common garden experiment exposing maternal plants to three different water conditions (mesic, drought and waterlogging). At the end of the season in the first year, seed heads were collected from the lower and upper parts of each mother plant and used for dispersal distance calculation. Offspring coming from the maternal lower and upper parts were exposed to the same water treatments as mothers. Contrasting our hypothesis, we found that maternal water experience and species' dispersal abilities did not influence offspring performance (plant aboveground, belowground, reproductive and dead biomass). We did not detect maternal effects, meaning that offspring plants with the same water conditions as their mothers had the same fitness as offspring with different water conditions. However, opposite to our expectations, the longer dispersal distance of individual seeds ensured a stronger maternal effect when exposed to the same water stress as their mothers. Consequently, a stressful environment would select for long‐distance dispersal.
Superior vena cava tear during transvenous lead extraction: Medical management in hemodynamically stable patients
Authors: Domain Guillaume , Strubé Camille , Jacques Frédéric , Marzouk Mohamed , Dumont Éric , Villeneuve Jacques , Plourde Benoît , Albert Gabriella , Sarrazin Jean‐François , Steinberg Christian , Philippon François
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Superior vena cava (SVC) tear is the most lethal complication during transvenous lead extraction (TLE) with a mortality rate as high as 50%. Treatment involves aggressive attempts to maintain cardiac output and immediate sternotomy to localize and repair the vascular tear. Occlusion balloons have been developed to provisionally occlude the lacerated SVC and to provide hemodynamic stability allowing time for surgery. In case of mediastinal hematoma without hemodynamic instability, the strategy remains unclear.

Methods and Results

We describe two cases of SVC tear during TLE. The first case was a 60‐year‐old man who presented with a right ventricular single‐chamber defibrillator lead fracture and innominate vein stenosis. The RV lead was removed using a laser sheath causing a mediastinal hematoma with no active bleeding during surgical exploration few hours later. The second case was a 28‐year‐old man that presented with a right atrial (RA) lead fracture and RV lead insulation failure in a dual‐chamber defibrillator (ICD).

Conclusion

Both the RA and RV leads were removed with mechanical sheaths, and a mediastinal hematoma was medically managed.
Don't just tell me, show me: Impacting perceptions of organizational attraction and fit using activating LGBT diversity signals
Authors: Bradley Cody , Moergen Kristie J. N. , Roumpi Dorothea , Simon Lauren S.
Published: May 2023

To appeal to traditionally hard‐to‐reach populations such as the LGBT community, many organizations have made diversity and inclusion a focal point of their recruitment messaging. However, extant research provides little evidence of the effectiveness of this messaging for its intended and non‐intended targets. Building upon a proposed signaling theory typology, we suggest that activating signals—signals that show how diversity and inclusion are actively embodied or “activated” through organizational practices—are more effective than pointing signals—signals that merely tell an individual that diversity and inclusion is valued. After validating a collection of individual diversity signals using this typology, we test our theory across multiple studies. In Study 1, we focus specifically on LGBT job seekers and conduct an experiment to examine the degree to which various LGBT diversity signals on a fictional company website influence initial assessments of organizational attraction and person‐organization fit. In Study 2, we replicate and extend Study 1 by demonstrating how the positive effects of LGBT diversity signals are similar in a sample of non‐LGBT job seekers. Finally, in Study 3, we extend the generalizability of our theorizing using a sample of recent job seekers and real organizational websites.
Successful transplantation of four kidney grafts from two small pediatric donors with anuric acute renal failure into adult recipients
Authors: Koch Martina , Kraus Daniel , Boedecker‐Lips Simone , Mittler Jens , Tieken Ineke , Weinmann‐Menke Julia
Published: May 2023

Background

Kidneys from infants with anuric acute kidney injury (AKI) only rarely get accepted for transplantation despite encouraging data that such kidneys can have very good long‐term outcome.

Methods

We report the transplantation of four kidney grafts from two pediatric donors (3 and 4 years) with anuric acute kidney injury as single kidneys into four adult recipients.

Results

All grafts gained function within 14 days posttransplantation, only one recipient needed dialysis after transplantation. None of the recipients suffered from surgical complications. One month after transplantation, all recipients were free of dialysis. Estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) 3 months after transplantation were 37, 40, 50, and 83 mL/min/1.73 m2. eGFR increased further through month 6, reaching 45, 50, 58, and 89 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Conclusion

These cases highlight the feasibility of successful transplantation of single pediatric kidney grafts into adult recipients despite anuric AKI of the donor.
Shifts in the portfolio holdings of euro area investors in the midst of COVID‐19: Looking‐through investment funds
Authors: Carvalho Daniel , Schmitz Martin
Published: May 2023

We study the impact of the COVID‐19 shock on the portfolio exposures of euro area investors. The analysis “looks‐through” holdings of investment fund shares to first gauge euro area investors' full exposures to global debt securities and listed shares by sector at end‐2019 and to subsequently analyse the portfolio shifts in the first and second quarters of 2020. We show heterogeneous patterns across asset classes and sectors, but also across less and more vulnerable euro area countries. In particular, we find a broad‐based rebalancing towards domestic sovereign debt at the expense of extra‐euro area sovereigns in the first quarter of 2020, consistent with heightened home bias, which however levelled off in the second quarter. On the contrary, for listed shares we find that euro area investors rebalanced away from domestic towards extra‐euro area securities in both the first and the second quarter, which may be associated with better relative foreign stock market performance. Many of these shifts were only due to indirect holdings, corroborating the importance of investment funds in assessing investors' exposures—especially for households, insurance companies and pension funds—in particular in times of large shocks. We also confirm the important intermediation role played by investment funds in an analysis focusing on the large‐scale portfolio rebalancing observed between 2015 and 2017 during the ECB's Asset Purchase Programme.
COVID‐19 lockdown anxiety harms newcomers' job satisfaction: A cross‐lagged panel analysis during snap lockdowns in China
Authors: Liu Su , Zheng Lu , Scott English Alexander , Talhelm Thomas , Sun Junjie , Xu Shuhong
Published: May 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic may have been a difficult time to join a new organization. Drawing on the feelings‐as‐information theory, this study explores how COVID‐19 lockdown anxiety influenced newcomers' job satisfaction during their first few months of work. We tested 357 new employees working in 84 cities across China. We conducted a longitudinal study, and participants were invited to complete the same survey at two time points. Cross‐lagged panel analysis was conducted to test our hypotheses. We confirmed that COVID‐19 lockdown anxiety at Time 1 predicted less job satisfaction at Time 2, whereas the data did not support the idea of reverse causality. These findings suggest public health crises like the pandemic can impact newcomers' job satisfaction, especially during China's Zero‐Covid Policy.
Care, lead, and inspire: Infusing innovation into nursing research and evidence‐based practice course
Authors: Catarelli Bryce , Nobles Patrick , Scarton Lisa , Duckworth Laurie , Ezenwa Miriam O. , Booker Staja Q.
Published: May 2023

Background

Today's nursing workforce is expected to know how to identify and understand research methods and procedures and apply the most current evidence into daily practice. However, teaching evidence‐based practice (EBP) in an undergraduate nursing curriculum poses unique challenges in overcoming students' perception of content relevancy to their educational experience, but also offers opportunities for innovation to facilitate critical thinking and clinical application.

Aims

The aim of this article is to report on how teaching and learning innovation was infused into a research and evidence‐based practice course and the effect on students' perceptions of course values and effectiveness.

Methods

We used a Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act approach to introduce innovation in an undergraduate course within a university setting. Final student course evaluations were used to measure outcomes on a 5‐point Likert scale (1 = low and 5 = high) on the following dimensions: (1) value of overall educational experience, (2) relevancy of course content, (3) improvement in critical thinking, and (4) level of student‐instructor interaction.

Results

Overall course evaluation scores improved greatly from 2.69 to 3.90 between Spring 2020 and Fall 2021. This finding remained relatively consistent across subsequent semesters (3.79 [Spring 2022], 3.84 [Fall 2022]). Students also reported appreciation and increased engagement and interest with the material after transitioning from examinations to a project‐based assignment that allowed them to walk through the steps of EBP in class.

Linking Evidence to Action

We identified and implemented several innovative strategies to improve student outcomes and increase the relevance of the course content. These innovations can be easily incorporated at other universities to enhance delivery and student engagement in this content that is essential to advancing quality care in nursing and developing future nurse scientists and practice leaders who care, lead, and inspire.
Modulation of dorsal premotor cortex differentially influences I‐wave excitability in primary motor cortex of young and older adults
Authors: Liao Wei‐Yeh , Opie George M. , Ziemann Ulf , Semmler John G.
Published: May 2023

Previous research using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has demonstrated weakened connectivity between dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and motor cortex (M1) with age. While this alteration is probably mediated by changes in the communication between the two regions, the effect of age on the influence of PMd on specific indirect (I) wave circuits within M1 remains unclear. The present study therefore investigated the influence of PMd on early and late I‐wave excitability in M1 of young and older adults. Twenty‐two young (mean ± SD, 22.9 ± 2.9 years) and 20 older (66.6 ± 4.2 years) adults participated in two experimental sessions involving either intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) or sham stimulation over PMd. Changes within M1 following the intervention were assessed with motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the right first dorsal interosseous muscle. We applied posterior–anterior (PA) and anterior–posterior (AP) current single‐pulse TMS to assess corticospinal excitability (PA1mV; AP1mV; PA0.5mV, early; AP0.5mV, late), and paired‐pulse TMS short intracortical facilitation for I‐wave excitability (PA SICF, early; AP SICF, late). Although PMd iTBS potentiated PA1mV and AP1mV MEPs in both age groups (both P < 0.05), the time course of this effect was delayed for AP1mV in older adults (P = 0.001). Furthermore, while AP0.5mV, PA SICF and AP SICF were potentiated in both groups (all P < 0.05), potentiation of PA0.5mV was only apparent in young adults (P < 0.0001). While PMd influences early and late I‐wave excitability in young adults, direct PMd modulation of the early circuits is specifically reduced in older adults.

image

Key points

Interneuronal circuits responsible for late I‐waves within primary motor cortex (M1) mediate projections from dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), but this communication probably changes with advancing age.

We investigated the effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to PMd on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures of M1 excitability in young and older adults.

We found that PMd iTBS facilitated M1 excitability assessed with posterior–anterior (PA, early I‐waves) and anterior–posterior (AP, late I‐waves) current TMS in young adults, with a stronger effect for AP TMS.

M1 excitability assessed with AP TMS also increased in older adults following PMd iTBS, but there was no facilitation for PA TMS responses.

We conclude that changes in M1 excitability following PMd iTBS are specifically reduced for the early I‐waves in older adults, which could be a potential target for interventions that enhance cortical excitability in older adults.
In Silico Mechanical Effort Analysis of the All-On-4 Design Performed With Platform-Switching Distal Short Dental Implants
Authors: Santana Luís Carlos Leal , Idogava Henrique Takashi , De Foggi Camila Cristina , Guastaldi Fernando Pozzi Semeghini , Noritomi Pedro Yoshito , dos Reis Barbara Araújo , Vaz Luis Geraldo
Published: May 2023

Short dental implants with platform matching connection have been used for the rehabilitation of atrophic jaws whenever standard-length dental implants cannot be placed without prior bone augmentation. Yet, there remains a lack of data regarding the risk of technical failures when the all-on-4 configuration is performed in atrophic jaws with platform-switching distal short dental implants. Thus, the current study used the finite element method to evaluate the mechanical behavior at the level of the prosthetic components of the all-on-4 concept performed in atrophic mandible using short-length distal implants with platform switching (PSW) connection. Three models of the all-on-4 configuration were generated in human atrophic mandibles. The geometric models consisted of PSW connection tilted standard (AO4T; θ = 30 deg; 11 mm-length), straight standard (AO4S; θ = 0 deg; 11 mm-length) and straight short (AO4Sh; θ = 0 deg; 8 mm-length) distal implants. A resultant force of 300 N was performed obliquely in the left side and posterior region of the prosthetic bar. The von Mises equivalent stress (σvm) and maximum and minimum principal stresses (σmax and σmin) were performed at level of the prosthetic components/implants and peri-implant bone crest, respectively. The general displacement of the models was also evaluated. The stress analysis was performed on the side of load application. The AO4S configuration showed the lowest values of σvm in the mesial left (ML) and distal left (DL) abutments (37.53 MPa and 232.77 MPa, respectively) and dental implants (91.53 MPa and 231.21 MPa, respectively). The AO4Sh configuration showed the highest values of σvm in the bar screw (102.36 MPa), abutment (117.56 MPa), and dental implant (293.73 MPa) of the ML area. Among the models, the highest values of σmax and σmin were noticed in the peri-implant bone crest of the AO4T design (131.48 MPa and 195.31 MPa, respectively). All models showed similar values of general displacements, which were concentrated in the mandible symphysis. The all-on-4 configurations designed with PSW connection and tilted standard (AO4T; θ = 30 deg; 11 mm-length), straight standard (AO4S; θ = 0 deg; 11 mm-length) or straight short (AO4Sh; θ = 0 deg; 8 mm-length) distal implants were not associated with higher odds of technical failures. The AO4Sh design may be a promising option for the prosthetic rehabilitation of atrophic jaws.
An Insight into Quasi-Two-Dimensional Flow Features Over Turbine Blading From the Works of Jonathan Paul Gostelow
Authors: Rona Aldo , Adebayo David S. , Gostelow Jonathan Paul
Published: May 2023

The flow through the predominantly two-dimensional geometries of cascades of blades is intrinsically three-dimensional and unsteady. Direct Numerical Simulation, Large Eddy Simulations, and time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry provide access to the full flow physics, relevant to aerodynamic loss and heat management. Such studies build upon earlier insight drawn from quasi-two-dimensional investigations that identified the key areas where progress in understanding was most needed. These areas stretch across the full passage, from the leading edge of the blade to the passage outflow. Streamwise surface vorticity, transition, the calmed region, shock–boundary layer interaction, and vortex shedding are considered in detail, specifically (i) on what gaps in their physical understanding the works of Jonathan Paul Gostelow exposed and (ii) what gaps were present in the two-dimensional computational approaches used to represent these flows in these works. These useful insights are obtained from the geometrically simpler settings of circular cylinders in cross-flow and from flat plate experiments, as well as from cascades of blades. This paper presents an overview of the physical understanding of the flow features that underpins the more recent time-resolved three-dimensional investigations, led by the late Emeritus Professor Jonathan Paul Gostelow. This work celebrates some of Paul Gostelow’s 50 + years of turbomachinery research achievements and develops awareness about their significance toward reaching a more complete knowledge of the flow physics in turbomachinery, using the more recent time-resolved three-dimensional modeling capability of Computational Fluid Dynamics.
Persistent and enhanced carbon sequestration capacity of alpine grasslands on Earth’s Third Pole
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Xiao Jingfeng , Ma Yaoming , Ding Jinzhi , Chen Xuelong , Ding Zhiyong , Luo Yiqi
Published: May 2023

The carbon sequestration capacity of alpine grasslands, composed of alpine meadows and steppes, in the Tibetan Plateau has an essential role in regulating the regional carbon cycle. However, inadequate understanding of its spatiotemporal dynamics and regulatory mechanisms restricts our ability to determine potential climate change impacts. We assessed the spatial and temporal patterns and mechanisms of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide in the Tibetan Plateau. The carbon sequestration of the alpine grasslands ranged from 26.39 to 79.19 Tg C year
−1
and had an increasing rate of 1.14 Tg C year
−1
between 1982 and 2018. While alpine meadows were relatively strong carbon sinks, the semiarid and arid alpine steppes were nearly carbon neutral. Alpine meadow areas experienced strong increases in carbon sequestration mainly because of increasing temperatures, while alpine steppe areas had weak increases mainly due to increasing precipitation. Carbon sequestration capacity of alpine grasslands on the plateau has undergone persistent enhancement under a warmer and wetter climate.
Ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 drives glioblastoma TMZ resistance through modulation of dNTP production
Authors: Perrault Ella N. , Shireman Jack M. , Ali Eunus S. , Lin Peiyu , Preddy Isabelle , Park Cheol , Budhiraja Shreya , Baisiwala Shivani , Dixit Karan , James C. David , Heiland Dieter H , Ben-Sahra Issam , Pott Sebastian , Basu Anindita , Miska Jason , Ahmed Atique U.
Published: May 2023

During therapy, adaptations driven by cellular plasticity are partly responsible for driving the inevitable recurrence of glioblastoma (GBM). To investigate plasticity-induced adaptation during standard-of-care chemotherapy temozolomide (TMZ), we performed in vivo single-cell RNA sequencing in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors of GBM before, during, and after therapy. Comparing single-cell transcriptomic patterns identified distinct cellular populations present during TMZ therapy. Of interest was the increased expression of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (
RRM2
), which we found to regulate dGTP and dCTP production vital for DNA damage response during TMZ therapy. Furthermore, multidimensional modeling of spatially resolved transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis in patients’ tissues revealed strong correlations between
RRM2
and dGTP. This supports our data that RRM2 regulates the demand for specific dNTPs during therapy. In addition, treatment with the RRM2 inhibitor 3-AP (Triapine) enhances the efficacy of TMZ therapy in PDX models. We present a previously unidentified understanding of chemoresistance through critical RRM2-mediated nucleotide production.
Dynamics and interactions of Quincke roller clusters: From orbits and flips to excited states
Authors: Mauleon-Amieva Abraham , Allen Michael P. , Liverpool Tanniemola B. , Royall C. Patrick
Published: May 2023

Active matter systems may be characterized by the conversion of energy into active motion, e.g., the self-propulsion of microorganisms. Artificial active colloids form models that exhibit essential properties of more complex biological systems but are amenable to laboratory experiments. While most experimental models consist of spheres, active particles of different shapes are less understood. Furthermore, interactions between these anisotropic active colloids are even less explored. Here, we investigate the motion of active colloidal clusters and the interactions between them. We focus on self-assembled dumbbells and trimers powered by an external dc electric field. For dumbbells, we observe an activity-dependent behavior of spinning, circular, and orbital motions. Moreover, collisions between dumbbells lead to the hierarchical self-assembly of tetramers and hexamers, both of which form rotational excited states. On the other hand, trimers exhibit flipping motion that leads to trajectories reminiscent of a honeycomb lattice.
Colocalization and potential interactions of
Endozoicomonas
and chlamydiae in microbial aggregates of the coral
Pocillopora acuta
Authors: Maire Justin , Tandon Kshitij , Collingro Astrid , van de Meene Allison , Damjanovic Katarina , Gotze Cecilie Ravn , Stephenson Sophie , Philip Gayle K. , Horn Matthias , Cantin Neal E. , Blackall Linda L. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H.
Published: May 2023

Corals are associated with a variety of bacteria, which occur in the surface mucus layer, gastrovascular cavity, skeleton, and tissues. Some tissue-associated bacteria form clusters, termed cell-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs), which are poorly studied. Here, we provide a comprehensive characterization of CAMAs in the coral
Pocillopora acuta
. Combining imaging techniques, laser capture microdissection, and amplicon and metagenome sequencing, we show that (i) CAMAs are located in the tentacle tips and may be intracellular; (ii) CAMAs contain
Endozoicomonas
(Gammaproteobacteria) and
Simkania
(Chlamydiota) bacteria; (iii)
Endozoicomonas
may provide vitamins to its host and use secretion systems and/or pili for colonization and aggregation; (iv)
Endozoicomonas
and
Simkania
occur in distinct, but adjacent, CAMAs; and (v)
Simkania
may receive acetate and heme from neighboring
Endozoicomonas
. Our study provides detailed insight into coral endosymbionts, thereby improving our understanding of coral physiology and health and providing important knowledge for coral reef conservation in the climate change era.
A probiotic nanozyme hydrogel regulates vaginal microenvironment for
Candida
vaginitis therapy
Authors: Wei Gen , Liu Quanyi , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhou Zijun , Zhao Xiaozhi , Zhou Wanqing , Liu Wanling , Zhang Yihong , Liu Shujie , Zhu Chenxin , Wei Hui
Published: May 2023

Molecular therapeutics are limited for
Candida
vaginitis because they damage normal cells and tissues of vagina, aggravating the imbalance of vaginal microbiota and increasing the recurrence. To tackle this limitation, through the combination of peroxidase-like rGO@FeS
2
nanozymes [reduced graphene oxide (rGO)] with
Lactobacillus
-produced lactic acid and H
2
O
2
, a responsive hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel rGO@FeS
2
/
Lactobacillus
@HA (FeLab) is developed. FeLab has simultaneous anti–
Candida albicans
and vaginal microbiota–modulating activities. In particular, the hydroxyl radical produced from rGO@FeS
2
nanozymes and
Lactobacillus
kills
C. albicans
isolated from clinical specimens without affecting
Lactobacillus
. In mice with
Candida
vaginitis, FeLab has obvious anti–
C. albicans
activity but hardly damages vaginal mucosa cells, which is beneficial to vaginal mucosa repair. Moreover, a higher proportion of
Firmicutes
(especially
Lactobacillus
) and a decrease in
Proteobacteria
reshape a healthy vaginal microbiota to reduce the recurrence. These results provide a combined therapeutic of nanozymes and probiotics with translational promise for
Candida
vaginitis therapy.
Quantum sensing of radio-frequency signal with NV centers in SiC
Authors: Jiang Zhengzhi , Cai Hongbing , Cernansky Robert , Liu Xiaogang , Gao Weibo
Published: May 2023

Silicon carbide is an emerging platform for quantum technologies that provides wafer scale and low-cost industrial fabrication. The material also hosts high-quality defects with long coherence times that can be used for quantum computation and sensing applications. Using an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers and an XY8-2 correlation spectroscopy approach, we demonstrate a room-temperature quantum sensing of an artificial AC field centered at ~900 kHz with a spectral resolution of 10 kHz. Implementing the synchronized readout technique, we further extend the frequency resolution of our sensor to 0.01 kHz. These results pave the first steps for silicon carbide quantum sensors toward low-cost nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers with a wide range of practical applications in medical, chemical, and biological analysis.
Cross-reactive EBNA1 immunity targets alpha-crystallin B and is associated with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Thomas Olivia G. , Bronge Mattias , Tengvall Katarina , Akpinar Birce , Nilsson Ola B. , Holmgren Erik , Hessa Tara , Gafvelin Guro , Khademi Mohsen , Alfredsson Lars , Martin Roland , Guerreiro-Cacais André Ortlieb , Grönlund Hans , Olsson Tomas , Kockum Ingrid
Published: May 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, for which Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a likely prerequisite. Due to the homology between Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and alpha-crystallin B (CRYAB), we examined antibody reactivity to EBNA1 and CRYAB peptide libraries in 713 persons with MS (pwMS) and 722 matched controls (Con). Antibody response to CRYAB amino acids 7 to 16 was associated with MS (OR = 2.0), and combination of high EBNA1 responses with CRYAB positivity markedly increased disease risk (OR = 9.0). Blocking experiments revealed antibody cross-reactivity between the homologous EBNA1 and CRYAB epitopes. Evidence for T cell cross-reactivity was obtained in mice between EBNA1 and CRYAB, and increased CRYAB and EBNA1 CD4
+
T cell responses were detected in natalizumab-treated pwMS. This study provides evidence for antibody cross-reactivity between EBNA1 and CRYAB and points to a similar cross-reactivity in T cells, further demonstrating the role of EBV adaptive immune responses in MS development.
Multiangle, self-powered sensor array for monitoring head impacts
Authors: Zu Lulu , Wen Jing , Wang Shengbo , Zhang Ming , Sun Wuliang , Chen Baodong , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: May 2023

Mild concussions occur frequently and may come with long-term cognitive, affective, and physical sequelae. However, the diagnosis of mild concussions lacks objective assessment and portable monitoring techniques. Here, we propose a multiangle self-powered sensor array for real-time monitoring of head impact to further assist in clinical analysis and prevention of mild concussions. The array uses triboelectric nanogenerator technology, which converts impact force from multiple directions into electrical signals. With an average sensitivity of 0.214 volts per kilopascal, a response time of 30 milliseconds, and a minimum resolution of 1.415 kilopascals, the sensors exhibit excellent sensing capability over a range of 0 to 200 kilopascals. Furthermore, the array enables reconstructed head impact mapping and injury grade assessment via a prewarning system. By gathering standardized data, we expect to build a big data platform that will permit in-depth research of the direct and indirect effects between head impacts and mild concussions in the future.
Sci-fi imagines how good brain-machine interfaces will amplify bad choices
Authors: Murphy Robin R.
Published: May 2023

Machine Man
and
The Andromeda Evolution
explore personal and societal ramifications of brain-machine interfaces.
Sexual dimorphism in the response to chronic circadian misalignment on a high-fat diet
Authors: Anderson Seán T. , Meng Hu , Brooks Thomas G. , Tang Soon Yew , Lordan Ronan , Sengupta Arjun , Nayak Soumyashant , Mřela Antonijo , Sarantopoulou Dimitra , Lahens Nicholas F. , Weljie Aalim , Grant Gregory R. , Bushman Frederic D. , FitzGerald Garret A.
Published: May 2023

Longitudinal studies associate shiftwork with cardiometabolic disorders but do not establish causation or elucidate mechanisms of disease. We developed a mouse model based on shiftwork schedules to study circadian misalignment in both sexes. Behavioral and transcriptional rhythmicity were preserved in female mice despite exposure to misalignment. Females were protected from the cardiometabolic impact of circadian misalignment on a high-fat diet seen in males. The liver transcriptome and proteome revealed discordant pathway perturbations between the sexes. Tissue-level changes were accompanied by gut microbiome dysbiosis only in male mice, biasing toward increased potential for diabetogenic branched chain amino acid production. Antibiotic ablation of the gut microbiota diminished the impact of misalignment. In the United Kingdom Biobank, females showed stronger circadian rhythmicity in activity and a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome than males among job-matched shiftworkers. Thus, we show that female mice are more resilient than males to chronic circadian misalignment and that these differences are conserved in humans.
A chikungunya virus–like particle vaccine induces broadly neutralizing and protective antibodies against alphaviruses in humans
Authors: Raju Saravanan , Adams Lucas J. , Earnest James T. , Warfield Kelly , Vang Lo , Crowe James E. , Fremont Daved H. , Diamond Michael S.
Published: May 2023

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes epidemics of acute and chronic musculoskeletal disease. Here, we analyzed the human B cell response to a CHIKV-like particle–adjuvanted vaccine (PXVX0317) from samples obtained from a phase 2 clinical trial in humans (NCT03483961). Immunization with PXVX0317 induced high levels of neutralizing antibody in serum against CHIKV and circulating antigen–specific B cells up to 6 months after immunization. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated from peripheral blood B cells of three PXVX0317-vaccinated individuals on day 57 after immunization potently neutralized CHIKV infection, and a subset of these inhibited multiple related arthritogenic alphaviruses. Epitope mapping and cryo–electron microscopy defined two broadly neutralizing mAbs that uniquely bind to the apex of the B domain of the E2 glycoprotein. These results demonstrate the inhibitory breadth and activity of the human B cell response induced by the PXVX0317 vaccine against CHIKV and potentially other related alphaviruses.
Model-Informed Precision Dosing of Vancomycin in Adult Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Oda Kazutaka , Jono Hirofumi , Saito Hideyuki
Published: May 2023

Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) maximizes the probability of successful dosing in patients undergoing hemodialysis. In these patients, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)–guided dosing is recommended for vancomycin.
Temocillin Resistance in the Enterobacter cloacae Complex Is Conferred by a Single Point Mutation in BaeS, Leading to Overexpression of the AcrD Efflux Pump
Authors: Guérin François , Gravey François , Reissier Sophie , Penven Malo , Michaux Charlotte , Le Hello Simon , Cattoir Vincent
Published: May 2023

The
Enterobacter cloacae
complex (ECC) has become a major opportunistic pathogen with antimicrobial resistance issues. Temocillin, an “old” carboxypenicillin that is remarkably stable toward β-lactamases, has been used as an alternative for the treatment of multidrug-resistant ECC infections.
Improved mini-Tn
7
Delivery Plasmids for Fluorescent Labeling of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Mamat Uwe , Hein Manuel , Grella Dörte , Taylor Claire S. , Scholzen Thomas , Alio Ifey , Streit Wolfgang R. , Huedo Pol , Coves Xavier , Conchillo-Solé Oscar , Gómez Andromeda-Celeste , Gibert Isidre , Yero Daniel , Schaible Ulrich E.
Published: May 2023

The bacterium
S. maltophilia
is an important opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that can cause bacteremia and pneumonia in immunocompromised patients with a high rate of mortality. It is now considered as a clinically relevant and notorious pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients but has also been isolated from lung specimen of healthy donors.
An Intestinal Bacillus velezensis Isolate Displays Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity and Prevents Infection of Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Pathogens
In Vivo
Authors: Byun Hyuntae , Brockett Mary R. , Pu Qinqin , Hrycko Andrew J. , Beld Joris , Zhu Jun
Published: May 2023

The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens poses a challenge to public health. The gut microbiome presents a promising source of new antimicrobials and treatments.
Complete Genome Sequence of Cronobacter dublinensis Bacteriophage vB_Cdu_VP8
Authors: Kajsik Michal , Durovka Peter , Kajsikova Maria , Bohmer Miroslav , Szemes Tomas , Drahovska Hana
Published: May 2023

Cronobacter dublinensis
is a Gram-negative pathogen that is capable of causing infection in humans. In this announcement, we describe the characterization of bacteriophage vB_Cdu_VP8, which is able to lyse a
Cronobacter dublinensis
strain. Related to phages belonging to the genus
Muldoonvirus
, such as Muldoon and SP1, vB_Cdu_VP8 contains 264 predicted protein-coding genes and 3 tRNAs.