bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D and Calcium Intake, and Bone Density in Healthy Adult Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the D-SOL Study
Authors: Mendes Marcela M. , Hart Kathryn H. , Lanham-New Susan A. , Botelho Patrícia B.
Published: June 2019

There is still limited data on the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and bone health in healthy younger adults, particularly in Latin America. This cross-sectional analysis aimed to investigate the associations of 25(OH)D and plasma PTH concentrations with bone parameters, and potential confounders, in women living in a high (England) or low (Brazil) latitude country. Bone was assessed by either peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) (England) or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan (Brazil), serum 25(OH)D concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and PTH by the chemiluminescent method. In participants living in England, total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was significantly higher in women <29 years compared to ≥30 years, and total and cortical vBMD values at the 66% site were negatively correlated with weight and body mass index (BMI). In participants living in Brazil, age was positively correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) at the femur and bone mineral content (BMC), and weight, BMI, and body fat were correlated with BMD (lumbar spine and femur) and BMC. PTH concentrations were negatively correlated with 25(OH)D concentrations, and the prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism was 28.6% (n = 14) in participants with concentrations <25 nmol/L and 12.2% (n = 41) with concentrations between 25 and 49.9 nmol/L, compared to 6.3% (n = 79) in those with concentrations ≥50 nmol/L. In conclusion, weight and BMI were significantly correlated with bone parameters in both groups and age was significantly correlated with BMD at the femoral neck for women living in Brazil only. Although 25(OH)D concentrations were not correlated to bone parameters at any sites, in either country, PTH concentrations showed a significant correlation with total vBMD at the 66% site for women living in England. Secondary hyperparathyroidism was more common amongst those with deficient and insufficient vitamin D status.
1,2-Dihydroxyxanthone: Effect on A375-C5 Melanoma Cell Growth Associated with Interference with THP-1 Human Macrophage Activity
Authors: Silva Viviana , Cerqueira Fátima , Nazareth Nair , Medeiros Rui , Sarmento Amélia , Sousa Emília , Pinto Madalena
Published: June 2019

Xanthones have been suggested as prospective candidates for cancer treatment. 1,2- dihydroxyxanthone (1,2-DHX) is known to interfere with the growth of several cancer cell lines. We investigated the effects of 1,2-DHX on the growth of the A375-C5 melanoma cell line and THP-1 human macrophage activity. 1,2-DHX showed a moderate growth inhibition of A375-C5 melanoma cells (concentration that causes a 50% inhibition of cell growth (GI50) = 55.0 ± 2.3 µM), but strongly interfered with THP-1 human macrophage activity. Supernatants from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 macrophage cultures exposed to 1,2-DHX significantly increased growth inhibition of A375-C5 cells, when compared to supernatants from untreated LPS-stimulated macrophages or to direct treatment with 1,2-DHX only. 1,2-DHX decreased THP-1 secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), but stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production. This xanthone also inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, possibly through inhibition of inducible NO synthase production. In conclusion, these findings suggest a potential impact of 1,2-DHX in melanoma treatment, not only due to a direct effect on cancer cells but also by modulation of macrophage activity.
Intrinsic Disorder-Based Emergence in Cellular Biology: Physiological and Pathological Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions in Cells
Authors: Darling April L. , Zaslavsky Boris Y. , Uversky Vladimir N.
Published: June 2019

The visible outcome of liquid-liquid phase transitions (LLPTs) in cells is the formation and disintegration of various proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLOs). Although LLPTs and related PMLOs have been observed in living cells for over 200 years, the physiological functions of these transitions (also known as liquid-liquid phase separation, LLPS) are just starting to be understood. While unveiling the functionality of these transitions is important, they have come into light more recently due to the association of abnormal LLPTs with various pathological conditions. In fact, several maladies, such as various cancers, different neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, are known to be associated with either aberrant LLPTs or some pathological transformations within the resultant PMLOs. Here, we will highlight both the physiological functions of cellular liquid-liquid phase transitions as well as the pathological consequences produced through both dysregulated biogenesis of PMLOs and the loss of their dynamics. We will also discuss the potential downstream toxic effects of proteins that are involved in pathological formations.
Effect of Hydrophobic Interactions on Lower Critical Solution Temperature for Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-dopamine Methacrylamide) Copolymers
Authors: García-Peñas Alberto , Biswas Chandra Sekhar , Liang Weijun , Wang Yu , Yang Pianpian , Stadler Florian J.
Published: June 2019

For the preparation of thermoresponsive copolymers, for e.g., tissue engineering scaffolds or drug carriers, a precise control of the synthesis parameters to set the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) is required. However, the correlations between molecular parameters and LCST are partially unknown and, furthermore, LCST is defined as an exact temperature, which oversimplifies the real situation. Here, random N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)/dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) copolymers were prepared under a systematical variation of molecular weight and comonomer amount and their LCST in water studied by calorimetry, turbidimetry, and rheology. Structural information was deduced from observed transitions clarifying the contributions of molecular weight, comonomer content, end-group effect or polymerization degree on LCST, which were then statistically modeled. This proved that the LCST can be predicted through molecular structure and conditions of the solutions. While the hydrophobic DMA lowers the LCST especially the onset, polymerization degree has an important but smaller influence over all the whole LCST range.
Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers with Various Alkoxy Side Groups: Thermal Properties and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Park Gi Tae , Chang Jin-Hae , Lim Ae Ran
Published: June 2019

Two series of thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers (TLCPs) were synthesized by reacting various dialkoxy terephthalate units with hydroquinone (HQ) and 2,6-naphthalene diol (Naph). The dialkoxy terephthalate moieties used in this study include 2,5-diethoxyterephthalate, 2,5-dibutoxyterephthalate, and 2,5-dihexyloxy-terephthalate. All the TLCPs synthesized in this study formed nematic phases. The molecular motions according to the length of the dialkoxy side groups in the TLCPs were evaluated by 13C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermal properties and molecular dynamics of the TLCPs are found to be affected by the length of the dialkoxy side group and the aromatic diol unit in the main chain. Further, the thermal behaviors, liquid crystalline mesophases, and degree of crystallinity of the two series of TLCPs, i.e., HQ- and Naph-TLCPs, are compared.
Chlorinated Water Induced Aging of Pipe Grade Polypropylene Random Copolymers
Authors: Fischer Joerg , Freudenthaler Paul , Lang Reinhold , Buchberger Wolfgang , Mantell Susan
Published: June 2019

Polypropylene random copolymers (PP-R) are common materials for pressurized hot water pipes. In many pipe systems, potable water is disinfected by chlorine to prevent waterborne diseases. This paper deals with hot chlorinated water induced aging of two PP-R grades with varying morphology. One material had a conventional monoclinic α crystal form (PP-Rα), whereas the other was explicitly beta-nucleated resulting in a trigonal β crystal form with a fine spherulite structure (PP-Rβ). Micro-sized specimens with a thickness of 100 µm were used for aging experiments at 60 °C in chlorinated water with 5 mg/L free chlorine, and aging indicators were monitored for exposure times of up to 2000 h. On the other hand, superimposed mechanical-environmental tests were carried out by using cracked round bar specimens with a diameter of 14 mm to determine the fatigue crack growth (FCG) resistance of both PP-R grades at 60 °C in non-chlorinated and chlorinated water. PP-Rβ was found to outperform PP-Rα with an about 30% higher time-to-embrittlement value of 2000 h. Furthermore, PP-Rβ exhibited an enhanced FCG resistance in both non-chlorinated and chlorinated water. The effect of chlorine content on the deterioration of the FCG resistances was significantly more pronounced for PP-Rα.
‘Tataḥ Śrī-Gurus-Tasmai Sūrimantraṃ Dadyāt’, ‘Then the Venerable Guru Ought to Give Him the Sūrimantra’: Early Modern Digambara Jaina Bhaṭṭāraka Consecrations
Authors: Detige Tillo
Published: June 2019

As recent research on the former bhaṭṭāraka lineages of Western and Central India has shown, the early modern Digambara tradition, rather than constituting a distinct, and defective, ‘bhaṭṭāraka era’, shows much similarity to contemporary Digambara Jainism. Bhaṭṭārakas were regarded and venerated as ideal renouncers. Many of their practices accorded to those of today’s Digambara munis, and the bhaṭṭāraka saṅghas also featured renouncers of the muni and ācārya ranks, long thought to have abruptly become obsolete in the late medieval period. This new understanding of early modern Digambara Jainism is corroborated by the present article, which deals with early modern bhaṭṭāraka consecration rituals (paṭṭābhiṣeka, dīkṣā). The study is mainly based on two genres of sources. Sanskrit bhaṭṭāraka consecration manuals (dīkṣā-vidhi, pada-sthāpanā-vidhi), firstly, outline the preparations, the ritual proceedings, and the festivities to be held. Some vernacular songs of praise (gīta, etc.) of individual bhaṭṭārakas, secondly, focus specifically on their consecrations. These song compositions confirm many of the manuals’ prescriptions, while also adding elements not attested in the latter. Read in conjunction, both sources allow a relatively detailed understanding of early modern bhaṭṭāraka consecrations, show they closely resembled contemporary Digambara initiations, and confirm the former venerability of early modern bhaṭṭārakas in their own times.
Dual and Single Polarized SAR Image Classification Using Compact Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Ahishali Mete , Kiranyaz Serkan , Ince Turker , Gabbouj Moncef
Published: June 2019

Accurate land use/land cover classification of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images plays an important role in environmental, economic, and nature related research areas and applications. When fully polarimetric SAR data is not available, single- or dual-polarization SAR data can also be used whilst posing certain difficulties. For instance, traditional Machine Learning (ML) methods generally focus on finding more discriminative features to overcome the lack of information due to single- or dual-polarimetry. Beside conventional ML approaches, studies proposing deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) come with limitations and drawbacks such as requirements of massive amounts of data for training and special hardware for implementing complex deep networks. In this study, we propose a systematic approach based on sliding-window classification with compact and adaptive CNNs that can overcome such drawbacks whilst achieving state-of-the-art performance levels for land use/land cover classification. The proposed approach voids the need for feature extraction and selection processes entirely, and perform classification directly over SAR intensity data. Furthermore, unlike deep CNNs, the proposed approach requires neither a dedicated hardware nor a large amount of data with ground-truth labels. The proposed systematic approach is designed to achieve maximum classification accuracy on single and dual-polarized intensity data with minimum human interaction. Moreover, due to its compact configuration, the proposed approach can process such small patches which is not possible with deep learning solutions. This ability significantly improves the details in segmentation masks. An extensive set of experiments over two benchmark SAR datasets confirms the superior classification performance and efficient computational complexity of the proposed approach compared to the competing methods.
A Precise and Robust Segmentation-Based Lidar Localization System for Automated Urban Driving
Authors: Liu Hang , Ye Qin , Wang Hairui , Chen Liang , Yang Jian
Published: June 2019

Real-time and high-precision localization information is vital for many modules of unmanned vehicles. At present, a high-cost RTK (Real Time Kinematic) and IMU (Integrated Measurement Unit) integrated navigation system is often used, but its accuracy cannot meet the requirements and even fails in many scenes. In order to reduce the costs and improve the localization accuracy and stability, we propose a precise and robust segmentation-based Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) localization system aided with MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) IMU and designed for high level autonomous driving. Firstly, we extracted features from the online frame using a series of proposed efficient low-level semantic segmentation-based multiple types feature extraction algorithms, including ground, road-curb, edge, and surface. Next, we matched the adjacent frames in Lidar odometry module and matched the current frame with the dynamically loaded pre-build feature point cloud map in Lidar localization module based on the extracted features to precisely estimate the 6DoF (Degree of Freedom) pose, through the proposed priori information considered category matching algorithm and multi-group-step L-M (Levenberg-Marquardt) optimization algorithm. Finally, the lidar localization results were fused with MEMS IMU data through a state-error Kalman filter to produce smoother and more accurate localization information at a high frequency of 200Hz. The proposed localization system can achieve 3~5 cm in position and 0.05~0.1° in orientation RMS (Root Mean Square) accuracy and outperform previous state-of-the-art systems. The robustness and adaptability have been verified with localization testing data more than 1000 Km in various challenging scenes, including congested urban roads, narrow tunnels, textureless highways, and rain-like harsh weather.
A New Wearable Device for Blood Pressure Estimation Using Photoplethysmogram
Authors: Lazazzera Remo , Belhaj Yassir , Carrault Guy
Published: June 2019

We present a novel smartwatch, CareUp ® , for estimating the Blood Pressure (BP) in real time. It consists of two pulse oximeters: one placed on the back and one on the front of the device. Placing the index finger on the front oximeter starts the acquisition of two photoplethysmograms (PPG); the signals are then filtered and cross-correlated to obtain a Time Delay between them, called Pulse Transit Time (PTT). The Heart Rate (HR) (estimated from the finger PPG) and the PTT are then input in a linear model to give an estimation of the Systolic and Diastolic BP. The performance of the smartwatch in measuring BP have been validated in the Institut Coeur Paris Centre Turin (ICPC), using a sphygmomanometer, on 44 subjects. During the validation, the measures of the CareUp ® were compared to those of two oscillometry-based devices already available on the market: Thuasne ® and Magnien ® . The results showed an accuracy comparable to the oscillometry-based devices and they almost agreed with the American Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation standard for non-automated sphygmomanometers. The integration of the BP estimation algorithm in the smartwatch makes the CareUp ® an easy-to-use, wearable device for monitoring the BP in real time.
Environmental Impacts of Reusable Transport Items: A Case Study of Pallet Pooling in a Retailer Supply Chain
Authors: Accorsi Riccardo , Baruffaldi Giulia , Manzini Riccardo , Pini Chiara
Published: June 2019

Manufacturing, storage, and transportation processes are typically facilitated by pallets, containers, and other reusable transport items (RTIs) designed to guarantee many cycles along a lifespan of several years. As a consequence, both supply and reverse transportation of RTIs need to be managed to avoid stockout along the supply chain and the unsustainable production of new tools from virgin materials. This paper focuses on the business of pallet management by analyzing the transport operations of a pallet pooling network serving a large-scale nationwide retailer. The pooler is responsible for supplying, collecting, and refurbishing pallets. The combination of the pooler’s management strategies with different retailer network configurations results in different pooling scenarios, which are assessed and compared in this paper through a what-if analysis. The logistical and environmental impacts generated by the pallet distribution activities are quantified per each scenario through a tailored software incorporating Geographic Information System (GIS) and routing functionalities. Findings from this analysis suggest how to reduce vehicle distance traveled (vehicles-km) by 65% and pollutant emissions by 60% by combining network infrastructures and pooling management strategies—identifying an empirical best practice for managers of pallet businesses.
RNASeq Analysis of Aedes albopictus Mosquito Midguts after Chikungunya Virus Infection
Authors: Vedururu Ravi kiran , Neave Matthew J. , Tachedjian Mary , Klein Melissa J. , Gorry Paul R. , Duchemin Jean-Bernard , Paradkar Prasad N.
Published: June 2019

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging pathogen around the world and causes significant morbidity in patients. A single amino acid mutation in the envelope protein of CHIKV has led to a shift in vector preference towards Aedes albopictus. While mosquitoes are known to mount an antiviral immune response post-infection, molecular interactions during the course of infection at the tissue level remain largely uncharacterised. We performed whole transcriptome analysis on dissected midguts of Aedes albopictus infected with CHIKV to identify differentially expressed genes. For this, RNA was extracted at two days post-infection (2-dpi) from pooled midguts. We initially identified 25 differentially expressed genes (p-value < 0.05) when mapped to a reference transcriptome. Further, multiple differentially expressed genes were identified from a custom de novo transcriptome, which was assembled using the reads that did not align with the reference genome. Thirteen of the identified transcripts, possibly involved in immunity, were validated by qRT-PCR. Homologues of seven of these genes were also found to be significantly upregulated in Aedes aegypti midguts 2 dpi, indicating a conserved mechanism at play. These results will help us to characterise the molecular interaction between Aedes albopictus and CHIKV and can be utilised to reduce the impact of this viral infection.
PD-L1 and Immunotherapy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Liberator, MD Cole , Heymann, MD Jonas , Saqi, MD, MBA Anjali , Shu, MD` Catherine , Crapanzano, MD John , Bulman, MD William
Published: June 2019

Immunotherapy has emerged as a potent tool in the treatment of lung cancer, particularly in patients with advanced disease. Multiple drugs are now available which cause an anti-tumor immune response by blocking the interaction between programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PDL1, which is expressed in some tumors. This review explores the role of immunotherapy and the practical implications of testing for PD-L1 in patients with malignant pleural effusion.
An unusual occurrence of Taphrina deformans on apricot trees in Hungary
Authors: György J. Kövics
Published: June 2019

In 2011 a very rare occurence of leaf curl (leaf blaster) disease symptoms of apricot (pathogen: Taphrina deformans) was observed in different apricot plantations in Eastern-Hungary (Debrecen-Józsa, Hajdú-Bihar county) and Northern-Hungary (Bekecs district, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county). The pathogen is common on peach and nectarine resulting serious symptomps and considerable damages in almost every year, although in this year infections of peaches were very low close to the locations. Although there are some references that apricot and even almond are hosts of the fungus but in Hungarian circumstances the infestation on apricot counts unique and rare. Observations were made on symptoms, microscopic photos and measures were taken on exoasci, ascospores and blastospores, respectively. As far as we know this is the first description of Taphrina deformans fungus on apricot in Hungary.
Polymorphism of the bovine GH and LEP genes in a population of Slovak spotted bulls
Authors: Nina Moravčíková  , Anna Trakovická
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was the detection of polymorphism in the bovine growth hormone and leptin genes using the PCR-RFLP method. Apolymorphic site of the growth hormone gene (Alul loci) that results in amino acid change at position 127 of the protein chain (leucine, L tovaline, V) has been linked to differences in circulating metabolites, metabolic hormones and to milk yield. The polymorphism in bovine leptingene is situated in the intron between two exons, which results in an amino acid change at position 2059 of the protein chain (cytosine, C tothymine, T). The polymorphisms were studied in a group of 58 bulls of the Slovak spotted breed. A strategy employing PCR was used to amplify 428 bp (GH gene) and 422 bp (LEP gene) products from blood samples. Digestion of PCR products with restriction enzymes AluI and Sau3AI revealed alleles: L and V; A and B for GH gene and LEP gene, respectively. The growth hormone gene is a candidate gene for body weight gain in cattle, since it plays a fundamental role in growth regulation. Leptin plays an important role in the regulation of feed intake, energy metabolism, growth and reproduction of cattle; therefore, animals with higher leptin gene expression will probably have lower daily weight gain than others with similar forage offer and nutritional condition and will also likely have longer calving intervals.
Inner pelvic measurements in dairy breeds
Authors: Zoltán Szendrei  , Mária Holcvart  , Sándor Elek  , Katalin Hódi  , Béla Béri
Published: June 2019

Dystocia causes great financial losses: due to dystocia milk production is decreased and the probability of calf loss is increased. There are many factors that may cause dystocia. One of the factors –often investigated in beef cattle- is pelvic measurements. There have not been inner pelvic measurement comparisons done on dairy breeds in Hungary.After comparing the imported, primiparous cows, Jerseys turned out to have the smallest absolute inner pelvic measures. According to their age and weight, Brown Swiss cows had the largest pelvic dimensions. Ayrshire, Norwegian and Swedish Red, the three dairy breeds which share similar genetic background did not differ in most measures. Holsteins were closest to the apparent ideal 1:1 horizontal and vertical diameter ratio; however, this breed suffers the most from dystocia. Jerseys, despite having the smallest pelvic area are famous of their calving ease, perhaps not by coincidence. Although this dairy breed is the lightest, when the pelvic area was compared in ratio of body weight Jerseys were not smaller than the 130 and 114 kg heavier Norwegian and Swedish Red cows.
Information and Communication Technologies in tourism
Authors: Gergely Ráthonyi
Published: June 2019

Technological progress and tourism have gone hand in hand for years. Information communication technology (ICT) and tourism are two of the most dynamic motivators of the emerging global economy. Tourism can be considered as one of the most profitable sectors of the Hungarian economy, and in rural areas it is often the only successful economic activity.Development of ICTs and the expansion of the Internet have changed dramatically in the past few decades. This process is noticeable inHungary, as well. Platform of tourism increasingly get to the Internet nowadays, which is vitally important because tourism is an information-intense industry. Therefore, it is critical to understand changes in technologies in order to maintain the crucial role of this sector in the Hungarian economy.The aim of my study is to support the significance of tourism in Hungary and especially in the North Plain Region with the help of statistical data. Then, I try to show how ICTs appear in this sector and emphasize the role of these tools with some concrete examples.
Interpretation of sustainability in the utilization of renewable energy sources
Authors: Mihály Dombi  , István Kuti  , Péter Balogh
Published: June 2019

The utilization of renewable energy sources (res) is crucial regarding to sustainable reconstruction of energy systems. The target is a balanced, sustainable development of Hungarian energy management considering equally the ecological, social and economic aspects. There are many different technologies of utilization of res varied by sources, conversion processes, size and products. The comparison of each technology and their sustainability assessment are required by the importance of efficient remodeling of energy infrastructure. The group of attributes was composed by numerous important parameters in the course of our analysis with the choice experiment (ce) methodology. The estimation of each attributes’ influence on the individual’s preferences and choices was possible by this method and the preferences of the statistical population was concluded. So thus the utility derived from each attribute was estimated. The result of the ce analysis for the population of experts is demonstrated in the current phase of our research.
The influence of fertilization and tillage method on the formation root system capacity and grain production of spring barley
Authors: Andrej Kupecsek  , Juliana Monárová
Published: June 2019

To evaluate the interaction of year x variety, year x tillage method and year x fertilization on the grain yield and root system capacity (RSC) of spring barley, we ran polyfactorial field trials in agroecological conditions of a warm corn production area in Slovakia, at  Malanta, in 2009 and 2010. The RSC measurements were done using LCR - meter at a frequency of 1 kHz and they took place in four growth stages: at leaf development in the stage of four leaves (RSC1), in full tillering (RSC2), in the stage heading (RSC 3) and at the stage of ripening (RSC4). The values of grain yield, RSC1, RSC2, RSC3, RSC4 reached in 2009 comparison to 2010 were significantly lower. The highest yield in 2009 was reached by variety Marthe (4.49 t.ha-1) and by variety Bojos (7.19 t ha-1) in 2010. The highest values of RSC in observed growth stages were achieved by variety Bojos in 2009, and in 2010 also besides RSC1. Within both years, difference in yields between tillage methods was not observed. The values of RSC in growth stage of 4 leaves and tillering was higher at conventional tillage, butthe values of RSC3 and RSC4 were higher with minimized tillage. The highest grain yield and values of RSC in every growth stage were achieved on the fertilization variant “c“ in 2009 and on the fertilization variant “b“ in 2010. The correlation relationships between grain yield and RSC were significant and positive in every growth stage. The strongest relationship was found among grain yield and RSC (r=0.6047).
The effect of different compost rates on the yield of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Authors: Anita Szabó  , Imre Vágó
Published: June 2019

Protection of natural resources and sustainable natural resources management are essential for the long-term survival of humanity. This makes necessary nowadays the development of environmentally conscious living and spread of that in the future. The amount of organic waste materials, produced during human activities, could be decreased by composting instead of dispose them in landfills. Applying appropriate treatment technology and additives, the compost could be used as fertilizer for horticultural crops and it could increase the easily available nutrient content of soils. Compost utilization prevents nutrient deficiencies and by using the optimal rate, we could reach significant yield increases.
Site and hybrid-specific agrotechnical models in sweet corn production
Authors: Ádám Lente
Published: June 2019

The effect of three agrotechnical factors (sowing time, fertilization, plant density) and two genotypes on the crop yield of sweet corn was examined on chernozem soil in the Hajdúság region in two different crop years. Compared to the 30-year average, the climate was dry and warm in 2009 and humid in 2010. The experiments were conducted at the Látókép Research Site of the University of Debrecen. In the experiments we applied two sowing times (end of April, end of May), six fertilization levels (control, N30+PK, N60+PK, N90+PK, N120+PK, N150+PK) and two crop density levels (45 thousand ha-1, 65 thousand ha-1). The hybrids we used were Jumbo and Enterprise. As regards the requirements of sweet corn production, the crop year of 2009 was dry and warm. The effect of moisture deficiency was more adverse on the crop yields with the second sowing time. On the contrary, the other examined year (2010) was significantly humid; the precipitation was 184 mm above the 30-year average and the temperature was average.In the dry and hot crop year, the best yields were obtained with the hybrid Jumbo (25677 kg-1) at 65 thousand ha-1 plant density level on the average of the fertilization levels. The crop yields of Enterprise were also the highest at high plant density level (24444 kg ha-1). With the second sowing time the highest yields were obtained at the higher plant density level (65 thousand ha-1) with both hybrids (Jumbo 18978 kg ha-1, Enterprise 18991 kg ha-1), which confirmed the good adaptation capability of these hybrids at high plant density level. In humid crop year with early sowing time the highest yielding hybrid was Enterprise (at 45 thousand ha-1 crop density level 20757 kg-1), at the same time, Jumbo was best yielding at the higher plant density level (18781 kg-1). With the second sowing time the highest crop yield was obtained with Enterprise again (20628 kg ha-1 at 65 thousand ha-1 plant density level). With this sowing time the average yields of Jumbo, was 18914 kg ha-1 respectively. We found that dry crop year and early sowing time provided the best conditions for sweet corn production; the highest yields were obtained under these circumstances, which might be the results of the outstanding water management of chernozem  soils.
Findings on the cultivation of potatoes in organic farming
Authors: Petr Dvořák  , Jaroslav Tomášek
Published: June 2019

This paper explores the effectiveness of organic and plastic mulching for potato production in the Czech Republic. The mulching with chopped grass (GM) and black textile mulch (BTM) were compared to non-mulching control variant (C) with mechanical cultivation. Especially in plots with BTM were first formed ridges and covered by the black polypropylene non-woven textile and then they were planting. During vegetation the infestation of Colorado potato beetle (CPB), weeds biomass, course of soil temperature and soil water potential were assessed. The results showed that surface of GM had a positive effect on soil temperature reduction, soil water potential depression. This study also indicated a positive effect of GM on the larvae of CPB diminution, on the other hand higher incidence of larvae and higher defoliation was observed in BTM. GM had a significant effect on the yield of potatoes. The yield of ware potatoes was higher by 27 % higher on plots with GM and by 16 % lower on plots wit BTM in comparison with C. NeemAzal T/S decreased statistically significantly % of defoliation and increased yield of ware potatoes by 35 % in comparison with control.
The effect of copper fungicides on the rate of photosynthesis and the transpiration of hop plants
Authors: Jaroslav Pokorny  , Josef Pulkrábek  , Karel Krofta  , Josef Ježek
Published: June 2019

The paper evaluates the effect of copper fungicide spraying on the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration of hops, the influence of spraying on the elemental copper content in the leaves and cones hop variety Agnus. Photosynthetic rate was measured by LC pro+ (infrared analyzer) in the Hop Research Institute Saaz in the field in some periods of 2008, 2009 and 2010. Dry cones and leaf samples (taken before and after application of copper fungicides) were analyzed in an accredited laboratory for elemental copper.
Water managed properties of apple and pear trees based on lysimeters
Authors: Péter Riczu  , Nikolett Szőllősi  , János Tamás  , József Zsembeli
Published: June 2019

A significant proportion of the aboveground green and dry weight of the plant is constituted by foliage. The canopy is an important factor of plant growth. On the one hand, the canopy absorbs solar energy, which is necessary for photosynthesis; on the other hand, it accumulates the nutrients absorbed by the roots, and most of the water-loss occurs through the foliage. The determination of the full canopy is not an easy target. In our research, we developed a measurement method to determine the leaf area. With the parameters of the examined tree (leaf length and maximum width) and the data of the ADC AM 100 leaf area scanner, we determined the k-value, with which we can easily and fast evaluate the leaf surface. Furthermore, we defined from the water balance of compensation lysimeters the cumulative transpiration of fruit trees and the efficiency of water use of trees. From the examined trees were made a 3D depiction, which show the shape, branching and the location of trees.
Regional interactions of bioenergy utilization
Authors: Zsuzsanna Szántó
Published: June 2019

The backwardness of the rural areas compared to the cities poses a problem all over Europe. In Hungary, a relatively small size of the population lives in the capital, more than 80% of Hungarians live in rural cities or villages. The tension between the countryside and the cities is rather intensified and the symbiotic correlation would need to be restored. Many people migrate from the countryside, especially young adults, as they have no opportunities to find a job in their hometowns. This phenomenon poses big risks because getting a job is usually difficult everywhere and because fitting into a new environment always involves a lot of difficulties.

Non-renewable energies are restricted and they will not be accessible after reaching a certain limit. People’s everyday activities and the functioning of the economy presuppose the availability of the necessary amount of energy. In the future, a solution that provides the longterm stability of energy for the world will become increasingly necessary. There is a huge potential in bioenergy, more specifically in biomass. The building of biomass plants and putting them into operation creates jobs in the rural spatial environments: a locally available resource that can help in creating the energy safety of the country and the reduction of the dependence on import. The production of energy crops or the crops whose purpose of use is energy could help in strengthening the multifunctional character of agriculture and it can represent a source of income for those living off agriculture under the current uncertain conditions.
Claves axiológicas y retos educativos en Iberoamérica
Authors: Martínez-Otero Pérez Valentín
Published: June 2019

Este artículo explora los valores presentes en las políticas educativas de los respectivos países iberoamericanos. Es evidente que el entramado axiológico más o menos explícito de esas políticas impacta significativamente en las personas y en las sociedades. En la heterogénea y diversificada región iberoamericana nos surge la pregunta sobre qué valores se precisan para impulsar una educación que realmente impulse la construcción de un mundo mejor, más justo, fraterno, libre y habitable. En el estudio realizado se han revisado sobre todo los portales web de los Ministerios de Educación de Iberoamérica. La metodología seguida para analizar dichas páginas o, en su defecto, otros documentos localizados en internet, es la propia del análisis de contenido. Se llega por esta vía a determinados “indicadores de valores” que ofrecen claves axiológicas y permiten constatar las esperadas diferencias, que, en algunos casos, constituyen o responden a discrepancias polarizadas, concordantes con las correspondientes características nacionales en el plano político, social, cultural y económico.
Análisis de las competencias en la educación superior a través de flipped classroom
Authors: Abad-Segura Emilio , González-Zamar Mariana D.
Published: June 2019

El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la universidad exige una continua adaptación a las nuevas propuestas metodológicas. Las clases magistrales han dado paso a estudiantes activos, abiertos a desarrollar las competencias necesarias para su futuro profesional. El modelo flipped classroom adquiere mayor importancia en las aulas universitarias por su enfoque constructivista, trasladando el foco del profesor al alumno. Se describen algunos de los aspectos más relevantes de este modelo de aprendizaje a partir de una revisión bibliográfica. Los resultados están en línea con la búsqueda de capacidades como la autonomía, el análisis interpretativo y la autocrítica.
Participación familiar en la educación escolar peruana
Authors: Sucari Wilson , Aza Patty , Anaya Julissa , García Julia
Published: June 2019

The research focused on understanding the current situation of family participation in Peruvian school education, for which different laws related to family participation in school education were analyzed and systematized. In the same way, to explain the current conditions of family participation, different reports and researches carried out about it in the educational institutions of Peru were studied. The study focused on five dimensions: the family as a facilitator of basic conditions for the schooling of children, communication between family and school, the family as a mediator in the academic learning of children, participation in management and school activities and, finally, collaboration with the community. Finally, a comparison was made between what the dimensions of family participation say with Peruvian legislation and with the practice of family participation in educational institutions.
Diversificación curricular y la vigencia de la interculturalidad en los docentes de la Unidad de Gestión Educativa Local de Collao-Ilave
Authors: Pérez Katia , Pérez Tula , Puño Luis , León Lesy
Published: June 2019

The research was carried out with the purpose of determining the relationship between curricular diversification and the validity of interculturality in the teachers of the UGEL Collao - Ilave, regarding the variables: curricular diversification and the validity of interculturality. Methodologically, the research is descriptive correlational type; the population is made up of 50 teachers, who were given a survey of 20 items to measure the curricular diversification variable and a questionnaire was used to measure the validity variable of interculturality. To establish the correlation between the variables of curricular diversification and the validity of interculturality, the Pearson R coefficient was used. The results of the research are the following: There is a moderate positive correlation between curricular diversification and the validity of interculturality. This conclusion is based on Pearson's statistical correlation test of R that is equal to 0.408 **; which means that the existence of a curricular diversification will have a validity of moderate interculturality; the teachers of the UGEL Ilave consider interculturality valid.
Estudio del poema Liqiliqi en Suma arusa
Authors: Machaca Cesar , Mamani Alan
Published: June 2019

Aymara poetry happened to be a vindication to a poetic tendency that seeks its own canons and literary resources for its particularity centered on the relationship between man, nature and other living beings. The state and private publications provoked this situation. Reason why, we seek to describe the poem Liqiliqi, in Suma arusa (MEDP, 2006), for this qualitative methodology was chosen, the technique that was used was documentary research and the document analysis file. The result shows that the literary resources that are used in the Liqi liqi poem are repetition and metaphor, by the nature of language and religiosity. The first, denotes the cultural significance of the liqi liqi, because it announces the presence of living beings: people, hail and the fox. The second, indicates the habitat of the living being in an integrating and horizontal way.
Estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje, una búsqueda efectiva para hallar la relación con la motivación académica
Authors: Vargas Kleiber , Huayanca Pedro , Ramos Ninfa , Villamar Miguel
Published: June 2019

The objective was to analyze the relationship between the academic motivation and the learning styles of the students of the Primary Education Program of the National University of Puno Altiplano in the academic semester 2017. The research is of simple correlation type and of quantitative approach, the design of research follows the guidelines of the hypothetical deductive model. The work allowed to understand that the tendencies that they manage to internalize competences that will provide them with the optimum academic level to face their profession. The learning style has an emotional, affective and sentimental component that is decisive in the development of competences. The data was obtained by processing in the SPSS program. The results indicate that there is a 0.95 ratio between the variables studied.
Análisis económico-financiero y su influencia en la toma de decisiones en una empresa de prestación de servicio de combustible líquido
Authors: Poma Edilberto , Callohuanca Edgar
Published: June 2019

The objective of the research was to evaluate the economic and financial management of the service of the National University of Puno Altiplano in the period 2015 to 2017. The service center is dedicated to the sale of liquid fuels (oil and gasoline). To achieve the objective of the investigation, the horizontal and vertical analysis was carried out, to which the evaluation was added through the indicators or financial ratios to the company's financial statements. With the analysis of the latter, the influence on decision making at the managerial level was determined. The results of the economic and financial analysis indicate that there is a significant influence according to the indicators evaluated. Faced with the results, alternatives were proposed that contribute to the solution and strengthening of the economic indicators of the company.
Relación entre el perfil de egreso con las competencias de los cursos del currículo de la escuela profesional de educación secundaria de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano
Authors: Noblega Henry
Published: June 2019

The objective of the research was to determine the degree of relationship between the graduate profile and the competences of the curriculum courses of the secondary school professional school of the National University of Puno Altiplano, in the 2016 period. The research focus was quantitative of applied type. The design is non-experimental, transversal, descriptive and correlational. The study population consists of 60 subjects. The technique used was observation and the observation card instrument. The results indicate that there is a considerable positive correlation (0.830) which indicates that there is a significant relationship between the graduate profile and the competences proposed in the subjects of the flexible curriculum by competencies of the Secondary School Vocational School of the National University of the Puno Highlands.
`Markedness' is an epiphenomenon of random phonetically grounded sound change
Authors: Ceolin Andrea , Sayeed Ollie
Published: June 2019

The concept of `markedness' has been influential in phonology for almost a century, but a recent movement in the field has argued that phonological theories do not need to make reference to the concept; instead, if it is meaningful at all, markedness should be thought of as emergent. In this paper, we propose a simple mathematical model based on the principles of Evolutionary Phonology (EP; Blevins 2004) to explore how a theory without markedness can replicate some of the insights of the markedness-based worldview. We see that markedness can be treated as an epiphenomenon of random, phonetically grounded sound change.
Restricting the Power of Cophonologies: A Representational Solution to Stem Allomorphy in Uspanteko
Authors: Köhnlein Björn , Zhu Yuhong
Published: June 2019

In Uspanteko, a Mayan language spoken in Guatemala, certain possessive prefixes lead to variation in stress and pitch accent and can sometimes trigger vowel length alternations or consonant deletion in roots. We argue that this complex pattern of stem allomorphy can be successfully analyzed within a morpheme-based model of morphology given two assumptions: i. underlying representations can contain metrical templates (e.g. Saba Kirchner 2013, Iosad 2016, Köhnlein 2016, 2019 for recent proposals); ii. pitch-accent contrasts in Uspanteko are a surface exponent of a difference between trochaic (falling tone) and iambic feet (level tone), as proposed in Köhnlein (2019). We claim that our analysis is more restrictive than an earlier account by Bennett & Henderson (2013; henceforth B&H), who divide relevant items into several nominal cophonologies. In analyzing non-concatenative exponence as an epiphenomenon of metrical affixation, our approach is in line with principles of Generalized Non-Linear Affixation (e.g. Bermúdez-Otero 2012, Trommer & Zimmermann 2014).
DOES CORRUPTION AFFECTS BUSINESS INNOVATION? INSIGHTS FROM EMERGING COUNTRIES
Authors: Pirtea Marilen Gabriel , Sipos Gabriela Lucia , Ionescu Alin
Published: June 2019

There are very different outcomes in the literature regarding the influences of corruption on business innovation and also arguments for both “sanding the wheels” and “greasing the wheels” approaches. The main goal pursued in this paper is to broaden the understanding of the corruption influence on business innovation, considering seven representative dimensions of corruption at governmental structures and institutions’ level and also four relevant dimensions of business innovation, less approached so far. The originality and relevance of this paper are based on that these seven different dimensions of corruption are targeting three characteristic features of it, as bribery's prevalence, the bribery's spread and the companies’ propensity to offer gifts for overcoming the bureaucratic pressures. Moreover, the four different new dimensions of business innovation are targeting the company’s propensity for innovating and strengthening its image and the way of connecting with business partners in a changing business environment. Considering an extensive data set for 110 emergent countries from four continents for the period between 2002 and 2014 and using the generalized linear model framework, this research study is emphasizing that corruption at governmental structures and institutional level has a significant negative impact on business innovation, adversely affecting innovation perspectives.