bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality control of milk powder with near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors:   Test Center of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Center for Toxicological,  Radiation, and Biological Safety», Ataeva Yulia G. , Makaeva Alsu R. ,   Test Center of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Center for Toxicological,  Radiation, and Biological Safety»
Published: February 2021

Milk is one of the most widely consumed food products in the world and is often used in the manufacture of various food products. To reduce the cost of transportation and storage, as well as extend the shelf life of milk, it is dried. It retains most of the nutritional and organoleptic properties of liquid milk. Currently, at least 20-30% of the produced whole milk and fermented milk products are falsified. Flour, starch, chalk, lime, and even gypsum are mixed into milk powder. Classical methods of analysis of milk powder (gravimetric, titrimetric, acidic, etc.) do not allow assessing the qualitative composition of milk powder, while chromatographic and other methods require time and sample preparation. Therefore, to assess the quality of milk, methods of spectrometry in the near infrared region (NIR spectrometry) are becoming very popular. The objects of research were whole milk powder and skimmed milk powder, which were received for research at the Test Center of the FSBSI «Federal Center for Toxicology, Radiation and Biological Safety» from various manufacturers of the Russian Federation. We studied 22 samples of dried whole and skim milk using an IR spectrometer. According to the results of studies, it was found that, on average, samples of skimmed milk powder for all studied indicators corresponded to standards. In 54.5% of the samples of dried whole milk, a reduced fat content was revealed and in 81.8%, an increased content of lactose.
Revealing the falsification of semi-finished beef products with mechanically deboned minced chicken using the example of dumplings
Authors:   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Balymova Maria V. , Burkin Konstantin Ye. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Gainullin Ainaz Z. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Likhacheva Alena Yu. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Zhilkin Mikhail Ye. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety
Published: February 2021

Human nutrition is an important factor affecting human health. Counterfeiting is one of the most pressing problems in the market, which worries manufacturers, sellers and consumers. There are a variety of product counterfeiting: substitution of expensive food products for cheaper ones, manufacturing of products with low nutritional value, deterioration of the recipe and plagiarism of the brand. It is also necessary to observe the correct labeling of the product, as this enables the consumer to meet his requirements when choosing a product. This article presents the results of our own research revealing the falsification of semi-finished beef products with mechanically deboned minced chicken using the example of dumplings. In the analysis, four fatty acids were selected for the presence or absence of chicken fat in ground beef. The determination of fatty acids was carried out by gas chromatography. Gas chromatographic analysis is considered to be effective for identifying food products due to its high degree of sensitivity, speed and simplicity. Sample preparation stages included the use of sodium methoxide in methanol with a molar concentration of 2 mol/dm3. Gas chromatographic analysis was carried out on a flame ionization detector with a quartz capillary column. For simplicity, reduction of sample preparation time and better results, the samples were filtered under vacuum at atmospheric pressure, which significantly accelerated the filtration process. The analysis of the test sample was carried out in an automatic mode according to the specified program of the chromatograph. Myristic, palmitoleic, margaric, stearic, linoleic, and arachidic acids were chosen as “labels” of fatty acids. It has been shown that even an insignificant addition of one type of impurity of another to meat leads to a change in the fatty acid composition of the product.
Application of the reaction of oxidation of N-methyl-p-aminophenol with hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in flow-injection analysis of tap water
Authors:   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Likhacheva Alena Yu. , Fitsev Igor M. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Sayfutdinov Alexander M. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Mukharlyamova Aysulu Z. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Rakhmetova Elvira R. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Mukhammetshina Aygul G. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Shlyamina Oksana V. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of the application of the oxidation reaction of N-methyl-p-aminophenol with hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in the flow injection analysis (FIA) of tap water. Using a commercially available system for FIA with spectrophotometric detection, an optimal scheme for conducting an indicator catalytic reaction in a liquid stream was proposed, which was used to determine the total iron content in tap water. Spectrophotometric detection of colored products of the indicator catalytic reaction of the oxidation of N-methyl-p-aminophenol with hydrogen peroxide is carried out at the absorption maximum of the absorption spectrum in the visible region at λmax = 490 nm. It was shown that, under nonequilibrium FIA conditions, it is possible to significantly minimize the contribution of the noncatalytic reaction to the total analytical signal. The latter is accompanied by the expansion of the range of determined catalyst contents to lower concentrations. Taking into account the proposed FIA scheme for determining the total iron content in tap water by the oxidation of N-methyl-p-aminophenol with hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions, the linearity range of the analytical signal remains in the range of 0.05-0.4 μg/ml. The lower limit of the determined iron content is 0.02 μg/ml with a productivity of 40 samples per hour. Sample preparation of tap water consists in filtering and maintaining the required pH for the catalytic indicator reaction and subsequent FIA. The cations Al, Zn, Ni, V(V), Pb, Cd, Mn(II), and Cr(VI) do not have a significant interfering effect; only the presence of complexing agents can reduce the rate of the catalytic reaction, which, accordingly, affects the analysis results.
A külterületek biztonsága is belügy
Authors: Polyák Zsolt
Published: February 2021

The author provides an overview of a recent project on police cooperation for outskirt areas in Hungary
A szemlék szakmai színvonalának változása
Authors: Kovács László
Published: February 2021

The author provides an overview of how the quality of crime scene investigation had improved in Hungary through the forensic supervision activity done during the past three years by the Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Criminal Technical Division, Department of Forensic Supervision.
A korrupció pszichológiai vonatkozásai
Authors: Kovácsné Szukics Alexandra
Published: February 2021

The author provides an overview of the various psychological concepts that may play a role in the appearance and detection of corruption.
A kifogástalanéletvitel-ellenőrzés tapasztalatai, a bírósági gyakorlat bemutatása
Authors: Varga Róber
Published: February 2021

The author provides an overview of how the recently introduced requirement for ”impeccable lifestyle” for law enforcement officials has been implemented in practice in Hungary.
A reglementációs prostitúció és az emberi méltóság kapcsolata, különös tekintettel egy alkotmánybírósági határozatra
Authors: Kovács István
Published: February 2021

The author provides an overview of the Hungarian Constitutional Court’s 2011 decision on forced prostitution and its broader implications.
A Multiwavelength Look at the GJ 9827 System: No Evidence of Extended Atmospheres in GJ 9827b and d from HST and CARMENES Data
Authors: Carleo Ilaria , Youngblood Allison , Redfield Seth , Barris Nuria Casasayas , Ayres Thomas R. , Vannier Hunter , Fossati Luca , Palle Enric , Livingston John H. , Lanza Antonino F. , Niraula Prajwal , Alvarado-Gómez Julián D. , Chen Guo , Gandolfi Davide , Guenther Eike W. , Linsky Jeffrey L. , Nagel Evangelos , Narita Norio , Nortmann Lisa , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , Stangret Monika
Published: February 2021

GJ 9827 is a bright star hosting a planetary system with three transiting planets. As a multiplanet system with planets that sprawl within the boundaries of the radius gap between terrestrial and gaseous planets, GJ 9827 is an optimal target to study the evolution of the atmospheres of close-in planets with a common evolutionary history and their dependence from stellar irradiation. Here we report on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and CARMENES transit observations of GJ 9827 planets b and d. We performed a stellar and ISM characterization from the ultraviolet HST spectra, obtaining fluxes for Lyα and Mg ii of F(Lyα) = (5.42

) × 10−13 erg cm−2 s−1 and F(Mgii) = (5.64 ± 0.24) × 10−14 erg cm−2 s−1. We also investigated a possible absorption signature in Lyα in the atmosphere of GJ 9827b during a transit event from HST spectra, as well as Hα and He i signature for the atmosphere of GJ 9827b and d from CARMENES spectra. We found no evidence of an extended atmosphere in either of the planets. This result is also supported by our analytical estimations of mass loss based on the measured radiation fields for all three planets of this system, which led to a mass-loss rate of 0.4, 0.3, and 0.1 planetary masses per Gyr for GJ 9827b, c, and d, respectively. These values indicate that the planets could have lost their volatiles quickly in their evolution and probably do not retain an atmosphere at the current stage.
High-resolution Mid-infrared Spectroscopy of GV Tau N: Surface Accretion and Detection of NH3 in a Young Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Najita Joan R. , Carr John S. , Brittain Sean D. , Lacy John H. , Richter Matthew J. , Doppmann Greg W.
Published: February 2021

Physical processes that redistribute or remove angular momentum from protoplanetary disks can drive mass accretion onto the star and affect the outcome of planet formation. Despite ubiquitous evidence that protoplanetary disks are engaged in accretion, the process(es) responsible remain unclear. Here we present evidence for redshifted molecular absorption in the spectrum of a Class I source that indicates rapid inflow at the disk surface. High-resolution mid-infrared spectroscopy of GV Tau N reveals a rich absorption spectrum of individual lines of C2H2, HCN, NH3, and H2O. From the properties of the molecular absorption, we can infer that it carries a significant accretion rate

 ∼ 10−8–10−7
M
⊙ yr−1, comparable to the stellar accretion rates of active T Tauri stars. Thus, we may be observing disk accretion in action. The results may provide observational evidence for supersonic “surface accretion flows,” which have been found in MHD simulations of magnetized disks. The observed spectra also represent the first detection of NH3 in the planet formation region of a protoplanetary disk. With NH3 only comparable in abundance to HCN, it cannot be a major missing reservoir of nitrogen. If, as expected, the dominant nitrogen reservoir in inner disks is instead N2, its high volatility would make it difficult to incorporate into forming planets, which may help to explain the low nitrogen content of the bulk Earth.
The CatWISE2020 Catalog
Authors: Marocco Federico , Eisenhardt Peter R. M. , Fowler John W. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Meisner Aaron M. , Schlafly Edward F. , Stanford S. A. , Garcia Nelson , Caselden Dan , Cushing Michael C. , Cutri Roc M. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Gelino Christopher R. , Gonzalez Anthony H. , Jarrett Thomas H. , Koontz Renata , Mainzer Amanda , Marchese Elijah J. , Mobasher Bahram , Schlegel David J. , Stern Daniel , Teplitz Harry I. , Wright Edward L.
Published: February 2021

The CatWISE2020 Catalog consists of 1,890,715,640 sources over the entire sky selected from Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and NEOWISE survey data at 3.4 and 4.6 μm (W1 and W2) collected from 2010 January 7 to 2018 December 13. This data set adds two years to that used for the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog, bringing the total to six times as many exposures spanning over 16 times as large a time baseline as the AllWISE catalog. The other major change from the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog is that the detection list for the CatWISE2020 Catalog was generated using crowdsource from Schlafly et al., while the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog used the detection software used for AllWISE. These two factors result in roughly twice as many sources in the CatWISE2020 Catalog. The scatter with respect to Spitzer photometry at faint magnitudes in the COSMOS field, which is out of the Galactic Plane and at low ecliptic latitude (corresponding to lower WISE coverage depth) is similar to that for the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog. The 90% completeness depth for the CatWISE2020 Catalog is at W1 = 17.7 mag and W2 = 17.5 mag, 1.7 mag deeper than in the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog. In comparison to Gaia, CatWISE2020 motions are accurate at the 20 mas yr−1 level for W1∼15 mag sources and at the ∼100 mas yr−1 level for W1∼17 mag sources. This level of accuracy represents a 12× improvement over AllWISE. The CatWISE catalogs are available in the WISE/NEOWISE Enhanced and Contributed Products area of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive.
Determination of Solar Wind Angular Momentum and Alfvén Radius from Parker Solar Probe Observations
Authors: Liu Ying D. , Chen Chong , Stevens Michael L. , Liu Mingzhe
Published: February 2021

As fundamental parameters of the Sun, the Alfvén radius and angular momentum loss determine how the solar wind changes from sub-Alfvénic to super-Alfvénic and how the Sun spins down. We present an approach to determining the solar wind angular momentum flux based on observations from Parker Solar Probe (PSP). A flux of about 0.15 × 1030 dyn cm sr−1 near the ecliptic plane and 0.7:1 partition of that flux between the particles and magnetic field are obtained by averaging data from the first four encounters within 0.3 au from the Sun. The angular momentum flux and its particle component decrease with the solar wind speed, while the flux in the field is remarkably constant. A speed dependence in the Alfvén radius is also observed, which suggests a “rugged” Alfvén surface around the Sun. Substantial diving below the Alfvén surface seems plausible only for relatively slow solar wind given the orbital design of PSP. Uncertainties are evaluated based on the acceleration profiles of the same solar wind streams observed at PSP and a radially aligned spacecraft near 1 au. We illustrate that the “angular momentum paradox” raised by Réville et al. can be removed by taking into account the contribution of the alpha particles. The large proton transverse velocity observed by PSP is perhaps inherent in the solar wind acceleration process, where an opposite transverse velocity is produced for the alphas with the angular momentum conserved. Preliminary analysis of some recovered alpha parameters tends to agree with the results.
NEOWISE Observed CO and CO2 Production Rates of 46P/Wirtanen During the 2018–2019 Apparition*
Authors: Bauer James M. , Gicquel Adeline , Kramer Emily , Meech Karen J.
Published: February 2021

We present measurements of comet 46P/Wirtanen obtained by the NEOWISE spacecraft in 2017 through 2019. We detected signal in excess of the dust in the 4.6 μm channel attributable to the presence of CO, or more likely, CO2 emission. The excess, when the comet was outbound at a heliocentric distance of 1.9 au, was consistent with a CO2 production rate of 1.3(±0.07) × 1026 molecules per second, which is equivalent to an active area on the order of a percent of the comet nucleus’ total surface.
Characterizing the Manx Candidate A/2018 V3
Authors: Piro Caroline , Meech Karen J. , Bufanda Erica , Kleyna Jan T. , Keane Jacqueline V. , Hainaut Olivier , Micheli Marco , Bauer James , Denneau Larry , Weryk Robert , Bhatt Bhuwan C. , Sahu Devendra K. , Wainscoat Richard
Published: February 2021

Manx objects approach the inner solar system on long-period comet (LPC) orbits with the consequent high inbound velocities, but unlike comets, Manxes display very little to no activity even near perihelion. This suggests that they may have formed in circumstances different from typical LPCs; moreover, this lack of significant activity also renders them difficult to detect at large distances. Thus, analyzing their physical properties can help constrain models of solar system formation as well as sharpen detection methods for those classified as NEOs. Here, we focus on the Manx candidate A/2018 V3 as part of a larger effort to characterize Manxes as a whole. This particular object was observed to be inactive even at its perihelion at q = 1.34 au in 2019 September. Its spectral reflectivity is consistent with typical organic-rich comet surfaces with colors of

g
′
−
r
′
=
0.67
±
0.02

,

r
′
−
i
′
=
0.26
±
0.02

, and

r
′
−
z
′
=
0.45
±
0.02

, corresponding to a spectral reflectivity slope of 10.6 ± 0.9%/100 nm. A least-squares fit of our constructed light curve to the observational data yields an average nucleus radius of ≈2 km assuming an albedo of 0.04. This is consistent with the value measured from NEOWISE. A surface brightness analysis for data taken 2020 July 13 indicated possible low activity (≲0.68 g s−1), but not enough to lift optically significant amounts of dust. Finally, we discuss Manxes as a constraint on solar system dynamical models as well as their implications for planetary defense.
Uncertainties on Asteroid Albedos Determined by Thermal Modeling
Authors: Masiero Joseph R. , Wright E. L. , Mainzer A. K.
Published: February 2021

We present an analysis of the accuracy of geometric albedos determined for asteroids through the modeling of observed thermal infrared radiation. We show that albedo uncertainty is dominated by the uncertainty on the measured H

V
absolute magnitude, and that any analysis using albedos in a statistical application will also be dominated by this source of uncertainty. For all but the small fraction of asteroids with a large amount of characterization data, improved knowledge of the H

V
magnitude will be fundamentally limited by incomplete phase-curve coverage, incomplete light-curve knowledge, and the necessary conversion from the observed band to the V band. Switching the absolute magnitude standard to a different band such a

r
′

would mitigate the uncertainty due to band conversion for many surveys, but this only represents a small component of the total uncertainty. Therefore, techniques making use of these albedos must ensure that their uncertainties are properly accounted for.
Efeito da embalagem, temperatura e método de cocção nas propriedades físicas e químicas da carne de frango
Authors: Santos Stefany Pergentino dos , Angioletti Betina Louise , Hoffmann Tuany Gabriela , Bertoli Sávio Leandro , Souza Carolina Krebs de
Published: February 2021

A carne de frango é um alimento perecível susceptível à deterioração bacteriana e bioquímica. Visando aumentar a vida útil deste alimento, utilizam-se métodos para reduzir os efeitos deteriorantes, como aplicação de embalagens, vácuo e a conservação pelo frio. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos da embalagem (a vácuo e convencional), da conservação pelo frio (refrigeração e congelamento) e dos métodos de cocção (chapa, forno elétrico, forno industrial e micro-ondas), nas propriedades físicas e químicas das amostras de carne de frango. O teor de umidade, proteínas, lipídios e cinzas totais foram analisados em triplicata. Todos os métodos de cocção provocaram redução no teor de umidade, elevando a concentração de nutrientes (proteína, lipídeos e cinzas totais) nas amostras de carne de frango, em relação aos crus. Cozimento por micro-ondas foi o método que resultou na menor umidade, elevando por esta razão, o teor de proteínas e cinzas. As amostras congeladas apresentaram menor umidade após a cocção. A atmosfera das embalagens apresentou influência significativa em duas análises para as amostras congeladas submetidas ao cozimento no forno elétrico e industrial.
Use of maltodextrin and gum arabic for encapsulation of red cabbage anthocyanins
Authors: Lopes Toni Jefferson , Coutinho Mônica Ronobo , Novy Quadri Mara Gabriela
Published: February 2021

Maltodextrin (MD) and two types of gum arabic (IRX 40642 and IRX 49345) were used to encapsulate anthocyanins of red cabbage. The solution of the encapsulated dye was evaluated by polarized light microscopy. The spray-dried powder (microspheres) containg anthocyanins (red cabbage juice obtained by disintegration and filtration) and encapsulating agent was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and water sorption isotherms; the product color characterization was measured using software of imaging analysis (Mathematica). The microspheres showed that in gum arabic solutions, the dye was located at the wall. Specifically, dried gum arabic microspheres had a better quality than that produced by the maltodextrin because the MD does not form microsphere, but serving only as wall material. GAB isotherm was well fitted on experimental water sorption data. Through the color parameters quantified in CIELab and CIELCH systems for anthocyanin solutions in the presence of three studied encapsulating agents, it was possible to observe that maltodextrin had little effect on the coloring of the dye solution, for example, through the analysis of the hue parameter H, which was least affected by changes in concentration or pH from 5.0 to 3.0. The gum arabic IRX 40642 showed an oxidized hue, while gum arabic IRX 49345 gave similar colors to the original dye at concentrations less or equal to 10%. Even with some limitations, it was concluded that the gums used in this study are suitable for the encapsulation of red cabbage anthocyanins.
Reflexões sobre o ensino de história e conservação dos recursos hídricos no Marajó (PA)
Authors: Guedes Ana Célia Barbosa , Moraes Ieda Palheta , Guedes Odaléia Maria Barbosa , Castro Netanias Mateus de Souza , Silva Fabricio Nilo Lima da
Published: February 2021

O objetivo foi inserir nas aulas de história o debate ambiental e propor discussões relacionadas à conservação do meio ambiente e do patrimônio natural, existentes no Arquipélago do Marajó, Pará, Brasil. O percurso metodológico foi de natureza bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e pesquisa ação. Como resultado, os/as alunos/as elaboraram estratégias para mostrar a necessidade de conservação dos rios no Marajó, os quais foram através de recursos audiovisuais, tais como ilustrações e paródias. O processo ensino-aprendizagem, que incluem bens culturais é relativo ao território, devem ser incluídos em atividade formativa. Concluímos, que a pesquisa possibilitou, a produção de conhecimentos históricos em escala local, que consiste em despertar nos/as educandos/as condições favoráveis de análise dos objetos culturais ampliando sua capacidade de entender o mundo em que vivem.
Geotecnologias aplicadas no mapeamento da COVID-19 na Região Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Da Silva José Lindemberg Bernardo , Da Costa Franklin Roberto
Published: February 2021

O uso das Geotecnologias vem tornando-se mais presente para obtenção de informações visando a elaboração de pesquisas voltadas para a representação espacial dos variados temas, para diversas áreas do conhecimento. O objetivo central desse trabalho é apresentar a utilização das geotecnologias, especificamente a representação cartográfica, no mapeamento e divulgação dos casos de Covid-19 na Região Nordeste do Brasil. Nesse sentido, realizamos um levantamento de base bibliográfica referente aos temas propostos, além de construirmos um Banco de Dados Geográficos – BDG com informações disponibilizadas pelas Secretarias de Saúde de cada estado da região Nordeste, bem como do Ministério da Saúde, referente aos casos suspeitos, descartados, confirmados e óbitos, e, ao final, apresentamos as formas de divulgação dessas informações pelos governos estaduais da região em estudo. A pesquisa evidenciou que não há uma padronização da disponibilização das informações acerca do novo Coronavírus, pois cada Estado, na Região Nordeste, faz uso de metodologias e ferramentas geotecnológicas distintas. Diante disso, observou-se que a transparência e a compreensão dos dados, em alguns casos, não se dá por completo. Por fim, entende-se que o uso das geotecnologias, quando utilizadas de forma padronizadas, auxiliam gestores públicos e privados na tomada de decisões coletivas. Nesse sentido, propôs-se um modelo de divulgação de dados e informações sobre os casos de COVID-19.
A tecnologia digital chega aos museus: tendências e padrões no ensino de ciências
Authors: Costa Pedro , Rocha Marcelo
Published: February 2021

A tecnologia é uma ferramenta que cada vez mais tem sido utilizada no cotidiano dos cidadãos nas mais diversas situações e espaços, como por exemplo nos espaços educativos não-formais, como os museus, e também na escola. Para investigar de que forma a tecnologia vem sendo usada em museus, analisou-se a produção acadêmica expressa em artigos publicados em revistas de Qualis A1, na área de ensino, no período de 2015 a 2019. Foram analisadas 13 revistas e identificados 23 artigos com base nos descritores: museus, tecnologia e tecnologia em museus. Posteriormente, estes artigos foram agrupados por categorias, com recurso à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam um decréscimo de publicações sobre museus e um discreto, mas não significativo, aumento de publicações na área da tecnologia. Acerca do uso da tecnologia em museus não foi encontrada nenhuma publicação, indicando que esse é um importante estudo a ser expandido em trabalhos futuros, dada a sua pertinência na sociedade atual.
Kuramoto order parameters and phase concentration for the Kuramoto-Sakaguchi equation with frustration
Authors: Ha Seung-Yeal , Morales Javier , Zhang Yinglong
Published: February 2021

We study phase concentration for the Kuramoto-Sakaguchi(K-S) equation with frustration via detailed estimates on the dynamics of order parameters. The Kuramoto order parameters measure the overall degree of phase concentrations. When the coupling strength is sufficiently large and the size of frustration parameter is sufficiently small, we show that the amplitude order parameter has a positive lower bound uniformly in time, and we also show that the total mass concentrates on the translated phase order parameter by a frustration parameter asymptotically, whereas the mass in the region around the antipodal point decays to zero exponentially fast.
Black Holes: From Imagnation to Reality
Authors: LEE Hyung Mok
Published: February 2021

Supermassive black holes in the central parts of galaxies have been extensively studied after a quasar was discovered in 1963. Quasars and active galactic nuclei are known to emit large amounts of electromagnetic radiation over a wide range of wavelengths within a very small volume. These objects are suggested to harbor massive black holes because a plausible mechanism for producing energy efficiently is conversion of the deep gravitational energy of a massive and compact object right after the discovery of the quasar. Astronomers also discovered that the central part of our galaxy has a strong concentration of mass as initially inferred from the rapid motion of the ionized gas near the center. In order to investigate the nature of that concentrated mass, a German group led by Reinhard Genzel and a US group led by Andrea Ghez improved the angular resolution by adopting speckle interferometry and adaptive optics in the near infrared so that very high resolution imaging of the stars in a small region around the Galactic center became possible. Since the mid 1990s, these two groups have made precision measurements of the positions of a large number of stars in the Galactic center and obtained their trajectories accurately. The gravitational field is found to be consistent with that due to a nearly point mass of about 4 million solar masses. Together with gravitational wave observations, imaging of the black hole shadow by with the Event Horizon Telescope, we now have firm observational evidence for the existence of black holes with a huge range of masses in the universe. Another big question to be answered is how these supermassive black holes are formed.
Marketing-Mix Metamorphosis and New Trusted Business Practices
Authors: Rodrigues Dário de Oliveira
Published: February 2021

This chapter discusses the impact on the marketing-mix due to the confluence of the internet of things and the internet of value which seems to be made possible by the blockchain technology. This “perfect storm” induces a vortex of reliability and business trust between people (“peer-to-peer”) and machines (“bot-to-bot”), without the traditional need of third parties to ensure confidence in a negotiation. This implies innovative business practices and self-executing contracts that will take place in a more decentralized and trustworthy environment, speeding up the metamorphosis of the four marketing-mix elements in such a way that marketers will have to deal with a “product” that is always in a “beta-version”; a dynamic “price” that initially has to be free; an atomized “promotion” of reliable messages found by costumers (not the opposite); and a new virtual secure “place,” which is made possible due to augmented reality and blockchain.
Siemens' Value-Driver Tree in Digitalization
Authors: Diana Cozmiuc Claudia
Published: February 2021

This chapter is a descriptive and explicative case study about value creation at Siemens in an uncertain and in a certain environment. Siemens has implemented economic value-added-based management since 1998. The empirical data analysis highlights value creation at Siemens at the beginning of the innovation lifecycle, when the environment is uncertain, and at the end of the innovation lifecycle, when contracts are signed, and the environment becomes predictable. Innovation is first placed in open networks, in which start-ups are essential, to which venture capital is allocated using business models. This is the ideation stage of the product lifecycle, when competitive advantage, the essence of value creation in both theory and the Siemens example, is created. Innovation matures, and Siemens closes contracts with customers about existing customer offerings. These contracts are managed as projects and funded with equity and debt. This is the stage when sufficient data exists to plan economic value added, the focus of Siemens' corporate governance.
Augmented Reality and Its Relationship With Customer Experience in Retailing
Authors: Engizek Nil
Published: February 2021

Today, traditional retailers have been faced with tough competition mainly because of the internet and online shopping. There is no doubt that online shopping is increasing all around the world, even in the developing countries. Although it is said that internet has a pressure on companies to decrease their price, up to date studies showed the opposite way. In other words, people do not buy from the internet because of just low price; branding is still the most important criteria for people. Because of this, companies have started making investment on digital branding. Of course, the logical point behind the branding is still same, but the tools they use to create high brand equity are different. With the help of technology, firms, especially those who have online selling via their websites, generate different vehicles to differentiate their selves from competitors, and give their customers a unique online experience. One of the vehicles that they use nowadays is augmented reality.
Advances in Rechargeable Batteries and Supercapacitors Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Vargas-Bernal Rafael
Published: February 2021

An analysis of the contribution that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have made to the development of energy storage devices over the past two decades such as rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors is presented here. This chapter reviews the different versions of electrode manufacturing based on metal-organic frameworks to be used in the design and manufacture of rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. The MOFs examined in this chapter include those based on MOF-derived materials, MOF-based composites, and conductive MOFs. Despite the significant progress that has been achieved so far, many tasks must be made to reach total security so that performance parameters required for optimal performance of rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors in commercial, industrial, and military applications. Therefore, innovative conceptions of the actions that must be performed are explored in this chapter.
An Interdisciplinary Model to Diversify STEM Participation
Authors: Blanchard Margaret R. , Venditti Richard A. , McAlexander Shana L. , McCance Katherine R. , Collier Karen M.
Published: February 2021

This chapter describes an interdisciplinary program between a College of Education and a College of Natural Resources and their partnerships with rural high schools, regional colleges, and bioeconomy industries. The overarching goal of the program was to provide engaging professional development and support for teachers and diverse undergraduate students to prepare and promote diverse students to consider STEM majors and careers related to bioproducts and bioenergy. A team of faculty and graduate students from a Forest Biomaterials department and a Science Education department developed online courses, workshops, and laboratory activities and internship placements for undergraduate students and high school science and CTE teachers. This chapter details the need for the program, its context, online course development, and laboratory activities. For each of the key partners in the program—the faculty and graduate students, the high school teachers, and the undergraduate students—key strategies, lessons learned, and recommendations are shared.
Nurturing the Industrial Economy Through Enterprise Education
Authors: Mugambi Mercy Muthoni , Miriti Gilbert Mugambi
Published: February 2021

In recognition of the importance of ensuring adequate supply of highly educated workers, many countries have expanded and reformed their educational programmes. Despite this, many manufacturing companies are struggling to recruit. Employers have to recruit and organize for trainings to bridge skill gaps. This raises questions on the preparedness of human resource with regard to supporting economic development in countries. It is also a wakeup call for universities to reexamine the kind of education propagated through systems in their countries. The chapter presents ideas on concept of enterprise education, role of university education in nurturing industrial economy, theoretical base for enterprise education, designing curriculum for enterprise education, strategies for incorporating enterprise education in university curriculum, available opportunities for universities to embrace enterprise education, and the likely challenges. The final part of the chapter presents progress by universities in embedding enterprise education and implications for educational theory and practice.
Enhancing Employability Skills Among University Students Through Career Guidance and Counseling
Authors: Shuma Christina Jerome , Basela January Marco
Published: February 2021

This chapter explored the role of career guidance and counseling in promoting graduates' employability skills in Tanzania higher learning institutions. A total of 123 respondents were involved. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and focused group discussion. The study revealed that HLIs do not have professionals in career guidance and counseling who are solely employed to offer such services; the task is left to lecturers and wardens. Career guidance and counseling services were also found to be inadequate and not formalized thereby threatening students' acquisition of employability skills. The study recommends that higher learning institutions (HLIs) in Tanzania should see the possibilities of preparing students in various competence areas such as academic excellence, career aspects, personal and social skills. This can only be achieved by establishing comprehensive career guidance and counseling units within the institutions.
School-Family-Community Partnerships and Their Influence on Student Achievement in Public Secondary Schools in Ilemela Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Byerengo Veneranda Paulo , Onyango Daniel Oduor
Published: February 2021

In Tanzania, public secondary schools, family, and community partnerships are considered to be low and students' performance in academic and discipline continues to be poor. The objective of this study was to investigate whether school-family-community partnerships in public secondary schools influence students' achievement in Ilemela Municipal. The study employed mixed research methods where questionnaires and interview were used to collect data. The total sample size was 141. Descriptive statistics analysis and thematic analysis was used, and the findings revealed that partnerships have great influence on students' achievement. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training make policy reforms to encourage a national wide involvement of families and community in school development activities to ensure quality provision of education which will enhance best socio-economic returns.
Intelligent Management of Mobile Systems Through Computational Self-Awareness
Authors: Donyanavard Bryan , Rahmani Amir M. , Jantsch Axel , Mutlu Onur , Dutt Nikil
Published: February 2021

Runtime resource management for many-core systems is increasingly complex. The complexity can be due to diverse workload characteristics with conflicting demands, or limited shared resources such as memory bandwidth and power. Resource management strategies for many-core systems must distribute shared resource(s) appropriately across workloads, while coordinating the high-level system goals at runtime in a scalable and robust manner. In this chapter, the concept of reflection is used to explore adaptive resource management techniques that provide two key properties: the ability to adapt to (1) changing goals at runtime (i.e., self-adaptivity) and (2) changing dynamics of the modeled system (i.e., self-optimization). By supporting these self-awareness properties, the system can reason about the actions it takes by considering the significance of competing objectives, user requirements, and operating conditions while executing unpredictable workloads.
Data Flow Implementation of Erosion and Dilation
Authors: Pacher Christina
Published: February 2021

This chapter describes a data flow implementation of the image processing algorithms Erosion and Dilation. Erosion and Dilation are basic image processing algorithms which are used to reduce or increase the size of objects in images, respectively, and which are used in a wide number of image processing applications. The chapter first describes the control flow versions of the algorithms in detail. Subsequently, the translation of these algorithms to the Data Flow paradigm is examined, and the details of the data flow implementation as well as possible optimizations are discussed.
Efficient End-to-End Asynchronous Time-Series Modeling With Deep Learning to Predict Customer Attrition
Authors: Potapenko Victor , Adjouadi Malek , Rishe Naphtali
Published: February 2021

Modeling time-series data with asynchronous, multi-cardinal, and uneven patterns presents several unique challenges that may impede convergence of supervised machine learning algorithms, or significantly increase resource requirements, thus rendering modeling efforts infeasible in resource-constrained environments. The authors propose two approaches to multi-class classification of asynchronous time-series data. In the first approach, they create a baseline by reducing the time-series data using a statistical approach and training a model based on gradient boosted trees. In the second approach, they implement a fully convolutional network (FCN) and train it on asynchronous data without any special feature engineering. Evaluation of results shows that FCN performs as well as the gradient boosting based on mean F1-score without computationally complex time-series feature engineering. This work has been applied in the prediction of customer attrition at a large retail automotive finance company.
Mind Genomics With Big Data for Digital Marketing on the Internet
Authors: Salom Jakob
Published: February 2021

This chapter sheds light on one very important application in the domain of digital economy – mind genomics. Mind genomics is an approach to targeted marketing which reaches each prospect with a different personalized message. This application requires acceleration coming from a data flow accelerator connected to a control flow host. It stresses equally the basic concept and its many applications. Innovation process is a step-by-step process. Once an important step up front is created and a new innovation finds its way into the commercial world, it is difficult to imagine that another dramatical step/leap forward is possible. However, such steps keep happening. Mind genomics is an example of one such step, unthinkable of until only a few years ago. Needs of the users could be served much more effectively not only in business domains or other lucrative domains, but also in the domains of public health, public happiness, public and individual quality of life, public and individual understanding of the environment around, etc.
What Supercomputing Will Be Like in the Coming Years
Authors: Dalkilic Mehmet
Published: February 2021

This chapter is an abridged sort of “vision statement” on what supercomputing will be in the future. The main thrust of the argument is that most of the problem lies in the trafficking of data, not the computation. There needs to be a worldwide effort to put into place a means to move data efficiently and effectively. Further, there likely needs to be a fundamental shift in our model of computation where the computation is stationary and data moves to movement of computation to the data or even as the data is moving.
Early Childhood Teacher Professional Development in Physical Education and Its Impact on Preschooler Motor Development
Authors: Montesinos Cristina Honrubia , Gil-Madrona Pedro , Losada-Puente Luisa
Published: February 2021

Physical education in early years makes a unique contribution to the learning experience of children and support physical, cognitive, and social development. Teacher plays an essential role, but early childhood teacher professional development remains unclear. Literature review has shown that it is influenced by individual and social factors. Teacher professional development may have an impact on student motor development in this stage. The objectives of this chapter were to study early childhood teachers' professional development in PE and to analyze the influence and impact of early childhood teachers' professional development on their students' motor development. This chapter describes the results and conclusions of two different studies which have been developed. They highlighted that the variables that affect professional development are initial training and professional development, external perception of physical education, and personal perspective. Furthermore, findings have revealed that these three variables condition their students' motor development most.
Dynamization of the Recesses of Children of 3, 4, and 5 Years
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Jesús
Published: February 2021

One of the most serious public health problems worldwide is the tendency of the population to be overweight and obese, which has significantly increased in recent decades. The school and educational administrations cannot ignore this situation, and the reality of most public-school systems is that there is insufficient time spent practicing structured physical activity. One of the ways to improve the levels of physical activity in schoolchildren is, without a doubt, to promote physical activity for students during the school day: active commuting to school, active breaks, physical education sessions and during school recess. In this chapter, educational centers and those responsible for promoting healthy physical activity are presented with the necessary considerations, based on a justified theoretical framework, to take into account when implementing a school recess plan, as part of a health and wellness project, paying special attention to early childhood classes.
Policies and Practices to Promote Physical Activity
Authors: Saraiva Linda , Santos Fernando , Ferreira Ana , Sá César
Published: February 2021

This chapter presents a pilot study that sought to examine the practices and policies that can encourage children's physical activity in preschool settings located at Viana do Castelo, Portugal. The Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation instrument was used to measure the quality of the physical activity environment. The findings show that preschool settings present multiple limitations that may hinder children's physical activity and motor development. It should also be noted that policies are practically non-existent as there is a clear absence of physical activity content within the guiding documents in preschool education contexts. Further, there were no education opportunities provided to program staff. It is paramount to engage policymakers and other stakeholders in discussions that provide quality environments to encourage physical activity among preschool children.
Challenges Implementing Telemedicine at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP)
Authors: Gantz Christopher E. , Gefen David
Published: February 2021

This chapter discusses the challenges faced by one pediatric medical institution as it worked in partnership with a local school district to provide access to pediatric care through a telemedicine unit embedded in the nurse's office of the various schools within the district. The chapter touches on perceptions the community had about sharing sensitive personal health information in a school setting using mobile technology, fears related to immigration status, and operational issues encountered when deploying a new technology across multiple sites. Despite the challenges, potential benefits to the health and well-being of the community far outweighed the difficulties faced during these early days of telemedicine adoption.
Scaling Up Telemedicine Initiatives
Authors: Otto Lena , Whitehouse Diane , Schlieter Hannes
Published: February 2021

Telemedicine maturity models aim to support telemedicine scaling up. Even though a diversity of telemedicine maturity models, and further support tools, exist, they are often unable to support users proactively or offer substantial guidance for the improvement of the status quo. A new maturity model is therefore needed that overcomes the shortcomings evident in existing approaches. This chapter aims to identify requirements that such a model has to fulfil based on an analysis of existing maturity models. The results guide future research and can support the scaling up of telemedicine initiatives.