bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Point and interval forecasting for carbon trading price: A case of 8 carbon trading markets in China
Authors: Zhao Yihang , zhao Huiru , li bingkng , Wu Boxiang , Guo Sen
Published: August 2022

Carbon trading price (CTP) prediction accuracy is critical for both market participants and policymakers. As things stand, most previous studies have only focused on one or a few carbon trading markets, implying that the models’ universality is insufficient to be validated. By employing a case study of all carbon trading markets in China, this study proposes a hybrid point and interval CTP forecasting model. First, the Pearson correlation method is used to identify the key influencing factors of CTP. The original CTP data is then decomposed into multiple series using complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise. Following that, the sample entropy method is used to reconstruct the series to reduce computational time and avoid overdecomposition. Following that, a long short-term memory method optimized by the Adam algorithm is established to achieve the point forecasting of CTP. Finally, the kernel density estimation method is used to predict CTP intervals. On the one hand, the results demonstrate the proposed model’s validity and superiority. The interval prediction model, on the other hand, reflects the uncertainty of market participants’ behavior, which is more practical in the operation of carbon trading markets.
Motion networks predict head motion during rest- and task-fMRI
Authors: Tomasi Dardo , Volkow Nora
Published: August 2022

The capacity to stay still during scanning, which is necessary to avoid motion confounds while imaging, varies markedly between people. Here we investigated the neurobiological underpinnings of head motion using connectome-based predictive modeling and publicly available brain fMRI data from 424 individuals. Two motion networks, comprised of cerebellum and default-mode regions relevant to proprioception (prefrontal and temporal cortices) and interoception (insula), forecasted individual differences in absolute and relative head motion during six different tasks- and two rest-fMRI sessions. These findings, which generalized to a novel group of 1422 individuals, suggest that head motion reflects necessary functional connectivity for exerting inhibitory motor control during scanning. These motion networks could serve as head motion neuromarkers valuable for understanding developmental and disease conditions associated with impaired inhibitory motor control, including restlessness, hyperactivity and behavioral impulsivity.
Early prediction of paratuberculosis health status in cattle by integrating NMR analysis and blood indices through the LASSO method
Authors: Massaro Andrea , Tata Alessandra , Pallante Ivana , Bertazzo Valentina , Bottazzari Massimo , Paganini Laura , Dall’Ava Brunella , Stefani Annalisa , Buck Jeroen , Piro Roberto , Pozzato Nicola
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION:The early diagnosis ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(MAP) is one of the current challenges of farmers and veterinarians.OBJECTIVES:This work aimed to investigated the changes in metabolic levels associated with natural MAP infection in infected and infectious dairy cattleMETHODS:The study included sera from 23 infectious/seropositive, 10 infected but non-infectious/seronegative, and 26 negative animals. The samples were selected from a collection of samples gathered during a prospective study. The samples were analyzed by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and routine blood chemistry. The blood indices and the1H NMR data were concatenated by low-level data fusion, resulting in a unique global fingerprint. Afterwards, the merged dataset was statistically analyzed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), which is a shrinkage and selection method for supervised learning. Finally, pathways analysis was performed to get more insights on the possible dysregulated metabolic pathways.RESULTS:The LASSO model achieved, in cross-validation, an overall accuracy of 91.5% with high values of sensitivity and specificity in classifying correctly the negative, infected, and infectious animals. The pathway analysis revealed MAP-infected cattle have increased tyrosine metabolism and enhanced phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. The enhanced synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies was observed both in infected and infectious cattle.CONCLUSION:In conclusion, fusing data from multiple sources has proved to be useful in exploring the altered metabolic pathways in MAP infection and potentially predicting negative animals within paratuberculosis-infected herds.
Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and meta-QTL analysis for kernel size-related traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Ma Jingfu , Liu Yuan , Zhang Peipei , Chen Tao , Tian Tian , Wang Peng , Che Zhuo , Shahinnia Fahimeh , Yang Delong
Published: August 2022

Background
Kernel size-related traits, as critical determinants of wheat kernel weight and yield potential, are complex quantitative traits controlled by polygenes. Genome-wide identification of important and stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) and functional genes for these traits can advance molecular genetic improvement of wheat kernel yield.
Results
In this study, Thirty-two QTLs for kernel size-related traits, including kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), kernel diameter ratio (KDR) and kernel thickness (KT), were discovered using a series of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) which explained 3.06–14.2% of the phenotypic variation. Of these, eleven QTLs were confirmed as stable QTLs in multiple environments. The 1103 original QTLs from 34 previous studies and the present study were employed for the MQTL analysis, in which 346 of the 1103 original QTLs were refined to 58 MQTLs. Compared to the original QTLs, the average confidence intervals of the target MQTLs decreased 3.26-fold, but the average genetic contribution rates to explain phenotypic variation increased 1.72-fold. Through comprehensive analysis of wheat publicly available transcriptome data, a total of 70 putative candidate genes for kernel size development were ultimately identified within the MQTL regions.
Conclusions
kernel size-related traits predominantly regulated by genetic factors and can be detected in different water conditions. Potential candidate genes expressed in spike and grain were identified through meta-QTL and in-silico expression analysis. The identification of stable QTLs and candidate genes for kernel size-related traits provides a novel insight to understand the genetic basis of kernel size-related traits in wheat.
The characterization of concomitant beta-blocker usage with vasopressors and inotropes in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Ryu Rachel , Hauschild Christopher , Bahjri Khaled , Tran Huyentran
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Vasopressors and inotropes (V/I) are widely used in the treatment of cardiogenic shock (CS). Despite improvement of hemodynamic variables and end-organ perfusion, these agents have been associated with increases in mortality, potentially due to the increased risk of tachyarrhythmias—which may be mitigated by beta-blockers (BB). Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who received a V/I (dobutamine, milrinone, dopamine, and norepinephrine). The primary objective was to assess for the role of BB in patients receiving V/I for CS. Descriptive statistics in the form of mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables, and number and percentage for qualitative variables. The Chi-square test or Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the association of different variables with mortality status. Results: When comparing between those that received BB vs those that did not, the mean HR was significantly higher in those that received BB (90 v 82 bpm, p=0.002). At maximum V/I doses, the SBP was significantly lower in those that received BB (99 vs 111 mmHg, p<0.001). Upon exclusion of those on high doses of V/I, the multivariate logistic regression did not show a difference in mortality between those that received BB vs those that did not (44.4 vs 55.6%, p=0.637).Conclusions: Based on our study, concomitant BB use with a V/I in CS patients was not associated with mortality. Our present study sheds light on the importance and urgency of large, carefully designed clinical studies to optimize inpatient medical therapy in this high-risk patient population.
Mental Health Services in Colombia: a national implementation study and a call to the community
Authors: Agudelo-Hernández Felipe , Rojas-Andrade Rodrigo
Published: August 2022

Background: the laws in Latin American countries are based on scientific evidence that indicates the need for community mental health services, however, these care modalities present implementation problems. Objective: to describe the implementation of mental health services in Colombia with an emphasis on community interventions, such as support groups and mutual aid groups. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study. An instrument was used to determine the level of implementation of these services, consisting of a Likert-type scale that established the climate of implementation, and questions about the usefulness of the services, which were completed by 31 of 35 mental health department leaders and by leaders of nationally registered mutual aid and support groups. Correlations were made between the implementation climate, the core components of community strategies and their benefits. A bivariate correlation was made between the scale of implementation and the use of services. Results: a low availability of all the services was found in four departments and an implementation of the services in only two. The least implemented services are the community ones, and those with the greatest presence at the territorial level are emergencies and hospitalization. Regarding community strategies, important barriers were identified, among the main ones a poor relationship of the groups with national organizations and the health system; the essential components of its functioning were active agency and trust. Conclusion: middle- and low-income countries have few community models and invest a large part of their technical and economic effort in emergencies and hospitalization. There are difficulties in the implementation of most of the services proposed by the Mental Health Law of Colombia. Despite the implementation difficulties that persist in the studied context, important benefits for mental health are perceived in these interventions.
Early detection of myocardial ischemia in resting ECG: Analysis by HHT
Authors: Wang Chun-Lin , Wei Chiu-Chi , Tsai Cheng-Ting , Lee Ying-Hsiang , Liu Lawrence Yu-Min , Chen Kang-Ying , Lin Yu-Jen , Lin Po-Lin
Published: August 2022

Background: Exercise electrocardiography (ECG) is a noninvasive test aiming at producing ischemic changes. However, resting ECG cannot be adopted in diagnosing myocardial ischemia till ST-segment depressions. Therefore, this study aimed to detect myocardial energy defects in resting ECG using the Hilbert–Huang transformation (HHT) in patients with angina pectoris.Methods: Electrocardiographic recordings of positive exercise ECG by performing coronary imaging test (n=26) and negative exercise ECG (n=47) were collected. Based on the coronary stenosis severity, patients were divided into three categories: normal, <50%, and ≥50%. During the resting phase of the exercise ECG, all 10-s ECG signals are decomposed by HHT. The RT intensity index, composed of the power spectral density of the P, QRS, and T components, is used to estimate the myocardial energy defect.Results: After analyzing the resting ECG using HHT, the RT intensity index was significantly higher in patients with positive exercise ECG (27.96%) than in those with negative exercise ECG (22.30%) (p<0.001). In patients with positive exercise ECG, the RT intensity index was gradually increasing with the severity of coronary stenosis: 25.25% (normal, n=4), 27.14% (stenosis <50%, n=14), and 30.75% (stenosis ≥50%, n=8). The RT intensity index of different coronary stenoses was significantly higher in patients with negative exercise ECG, except for the normal coronary imaging test.Conclusions: Patients with coronary stenosis had a higher RT index at the resting stage of exercise ECG. Resting ECG analyzed using HHT could be a method for the early detection of myocardial ischemia.
Text summarization based on semantic graphs: An abstract meaning representation graph-to-text deep learning approach
Authors: Kouris Panagiotis , Alexandridis Georgios , Stafylopatis Andreas
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, due to the constantly growing amount of textual information, automatic text summarization constitutes an important research area in natural language processing. In this work, we present a novel framework that combines semantic graph representations along with deep learning predictions to generate abstractive summaries of single documents, in an effort to utilize a semantic representation of the unstructured textual content in a machine-readable, structured, and concise manner. The overall framework is based on a well defined methodology for performing semantic graph parsing, graph construction, graph transformations for machine learning models and deep learning predictions. The employed semantic graph representation focuses on using the model of abstract meaning representation. Several combinations of graph construction and graph transformation methods are investigated to specify the most efficient of them for the machine learning models. Additionally, a range of deep learning architectures is examined, including a sequence-to-sequence attentive network, reinforcement learning, transformer-based architectures, and pre-trained neural language models. In this direction, a semantic graph representation of an original text is extracted, and then the present framework formulates the problem as a graph-to-summary learning problem to predict a summary of an original text. To the best of our knowledge, this formulation of graph-to-summary predictions in abstractive text summarization, without other intermediate steps in the machine learning phase, has not been presented in the relevant literature. Another important contribution is an extension of a metric for assessing the factual consistency of the generated summaries in an effort to provide a qualitative evaluation. To assess the framework, an extensive experimental procedure is presented that uses popular datasets to evaluate key aspects of the proposed approach. The obtained results exhibit promising performance, validating the robustness of the proposed framework.
PP-QIGA: A Privacy-Preserving Quantum Inspired Genetic Algorithm for the Double Digest Problem
Authors: Suo Jingwen , Gu Lize , Yan Xingyu , Yang Sijia , Hu Xiaoya , Wang Licheng
Published: August 2022

Background: The double digest problem (DDP), a fundamental problem for reordering genetic fragments in a proper sequence, is one of the NP-hard problems in bioinformatics. During the past decades, many algorithms for dealing with the DDP problem were proposed. Among them, quantum inspired genetic algorithms (QIGA) have shown outstanding performance. However, none of the existing algorithms consider solving DDP under the well-known framework of outsourcing computation. In addition, none of them consider the issue of privacy-preserving of the DDP instances. Results: In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving outsourcing computation framework, PP-QIGA, for solving the DDP problem by resorting to the idea of cloud computation, and meantime keep the privacy of the input DDP instances. Our main technical contribution is an order-preserving homomorphic index scheme (OPHI) that is tailored from an order-preserving homomorphic encryption scheme since for solving DDP, the decryption process is unnecessary. Under the PP-QIGA framework, the OPHI scheme is used to encrypt the input DDP instances. After the execution of QIGA, the optimal solution, i.e. two mapping sequences, would be output. From these sequences, none, even the cloud server for running QIGA, can learn any information about the original DDP data. Our experiments show that PP-QIGA can find optional solutions with a high success rate towards typical test DDP instances and random DDP instances. In addition, PP-QIGA takes less running time than DDmap, SK05 and GM12 while protecting data privacy, and a little bit more than that of QIGA, which is within an acceptable range. The success rate of PP-QIGA is almost the same as that of QIGA. Conclusion: Therefore, PP-QIGA is a more effective way to solve the DDP problem.
Challenges in Regional Planning and Management in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Szlafsztein Claudio F.
Published: August 2022

Territorial management in the Amazon region of Brazil presents important challenges for the coming years, considering the unresolved problems of the main government instrument, the Economic Ecological Zoning of the EEZ, and the changes that are taking place in this territory. The EEZ is an instrument that has been applied at different scales for more than 30 years, but it has not been able to overcome the problems related to the diverse and profound pressures on the environment and the poor quality of the social and economic development of the population. In this sense, the article presents, based on its own experiences, government information and data and interviews with managers who worked in the elaboration of the EEZ, a reflection on the main obstacles resulting from the implementation of the EEZ and the changes in the development processes in the region (increasing demand for energy, economic production based on natural resources, climate change). Finally, possible ways of overcoming these challenges are presented, considering methodological guidelines, governance and ways of social participation.
Object detection and size determination of pineapple fruit input to a juicing factory in Eastern Cape, South Africa: A deep learning approach
Authors: Harris Jessica , Er Şebnem
Published: August 2022

This research presents a deep learning approach to determine pineapple size from images, to identify the instances of pineapples, and subsequently to extract fruit dimensions using the OpenCV library. This was achieved by first detecting pineapples in each image using Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) and then extracting the pixel diameter and length measurements, and the projected areas from the detected mask outputs. Various Mask R-CNNs were considered for the task of pineapple detection. The best-performing detector (Model 4: COCO Fliplr Res50) made use of MS COCO starting weights, a ResNet50 CNN backbone, and horizontal flipping data augmentation during the training process. This model achieved a validation AP@[0.5:0.05:0.95] of 0.914 and a test AP@[0.5:0.05:0.95] of 0.901, and was used to predict masks for an unseen dataset containing images of pre-measured pineapples. The distributions of measurements extracted from the detected masks were compared to those of the manual measurements using two-sample Z-tests and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) tests. There was sufficient similarity between the distributions, and it was therefore established that the reported method is appropriate for pineapple size determination in this context.
Self /other recognition and distinction in adolescents’ with Anorexia Nervosa: a double mirror paradigm
Authors: Lavenne-Collot Nathalie , Maubant Emilie , Deroulez Stéphanie , Bronsard Guillaume , Botbol Michel , Berthoz Alain
Published: August 2022

Background
The body plays a major role in defining, understanding and treating anorexia nervosa. Much research has focused on patients' physical body representation or their own perceived body, but without explicit reference to their relationship to others and the social processes involved. Yet, there are a several arguments supporting impairments in interpersonal relationships in these patients. Notably, some evidence suggests that self/other distinction (SOD), the ability to distinguish one's own body, actions and mental representations from those of others could be impaired in anorexia. But research remains scarce in this area.
Material and Methods
A single-centre, prospective pilot study was conducted to investigate, for the first time, self-recognition and SOD in seven adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) compared with matched healthy controls (HCs) using the "Alter Ego"TM double mirror paradigm. This innovative device allows the progressive morphing of one’s own face to that of another and vice versa between two subjects that interact on opposite sides of the device. Two judgement criteria were used: 1) M1: the threshold at which subjects start to recognize their own face during other-to-self morphing, and 2) M2: the threshold at which subjects start to recognize the other’s face during self-to-other morphing. In a second part, the same procedure was reproduced under 5 different sensorimotor conditions to examine their effects on self-recognition and SOD.
Results
The results showed that the participants with AN exhibited earlier self-recognition in the other-to-self sequence and delayed other-recognition in the self-to-other sequence. Furthermore, in contrast with that of HCs, the critical threshold for switching between self and other varied with the direction of morphing in AN participants. Finally, when anorexic subjects were seated in a chair with the backrest and footrest touching their body, the self-recognition threshold (M1) increased significantly, approaching that of controls.
Conclusions
Although additional research is needed to replicate the results of this preliminary study, it revealed the first behavioural evidence of altered SOD in individuals with AN through an embodied, semiecological face-recognition paradigm. Relationships between body perception and alterations in interpersonal relationships are discussed as well as new research and therapeutic perspectives are presented.
Enrollment Trends Among Patients With Melanoma Brain Metastasis in Active Clinical Trials
Authors: Elghawy Omar , Banfield Walter , Horton Bethany , Kaur Varinder
Published: August 2022

Purpose
The central nervous system is one of the most common first sites of distant metastasis and systemic treatment failure for melanoma patients. These patients have also been traditionally excluded from clinical trials despite check-point inhibitors showing remarkable CNS efficacy. This study aims to determine the current state of prospective melanoma research in regard to inclusion of patients with CNS metastases.
Methods
Trial data were collected from ClinicalTrials.gov and were excluded if they were specific for other disease types, excluded advanced melanoma, or did not include a systemic anticancer pharmaceutical. Inclusion of active CNS disease and exclusion of CNS disease were the co-primary end points.
Results
475 trials were identified and 387 trials met the inclusion criteria. 268 (69.3%) trials excluded patients based on their CNS disease and 12.9% of trials did not specify whether these patients were included. 196 (50.6%) trials excluded patients with any leptomeningeal disease and 41.1% of trials required local treatment for these patients to be included. In univariate analysis, trials not using immunotherapy (IO) therapy and non-pharmaceutical sponsor trials were twice as likely to include patients with active CNS disease. In multivariate analysis IO therapy and inclusion of leptomeningeal disease were associated with CNS disease.
Conclusion
Although relevant advances in treatment options for metastatic melanoma have greatly improved patient outcomes, many ongoing clinical trials continue to exclude patients with CNS metastasis from participation.
An Atypical Presentation of Antibody Negative Axonal Guillain Barré Syndrome
Authors: Grewal Jasmin , Reinoso Dixie
Published: August 2022

Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an antibody mediated peripheral nerve disorder that commonly presents after infection, usually campylobacter jejuni.8 Guillain Barré can be broken down into two different forms: axonal and demyelinating. The demyelinating form is termed acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. The axonal form can further be categorized into acute motor neuropathy and acute motor and sensory neuropathy. In typical cases of GBS, patients present with acute, progressive, symmetrical, ascending flaccid paralysis reaching peak severity within 5-9 days of symptom onset. All forms of GBS are diagnosed clinically. Patients who present with the progression of symptoms as mentioned above are thought to have GBS unless a better diagnosis is available.7 However, diagnosing GBS can become difficult when patients present with atypical symptoms. The case discussed in this article focuses on the complexity of diagnosing and treating patients who present with atypical GBS symptoms.
Seed Coat and Water Absorption Properties of Seed of Near-isogenic Snap Bean Lines Differing in Seed Coat Color1
Authors: Wyatt J. E.
Published: August 2022

Differences in water absorption by intact seeds and in osmotic properties of excised seed coats were measured in 4 near-isogenic breeding lines of snap bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. White seeds absorbed water more rapidly than colored seeds. Excised white seed coats were more permeable to water than colored seed coats in response to an osmotic gradient. Seed coat thickness and seed coat dry weight were negatively correlated with rate of osmosis through the seed coats. Colored seeds had greater seed coat dry weight and thickness than white-seeded isolines.
Action of the Non-ripening (nor) Mutant on Fruit Ripening of Tomato1
Authors: Ng Timothy J. , Tigchelaar E. C.
Published: August 2022

Changes in respiration, ethylene production, firmness, pectolytic enzyme activity and carotenoid accumulation during ripening were monitored in fruit of a segregating population of the non-ripening (nor) mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). In fruit from mutant (nor/nor) plants, no respiratory or ethylene climacteric was observed, firmness declined very slowly with only trace levels of polygalacturonase present in mature fruit and phytoene, β-carotene and neurosporene were the major carotenes. In very old fruit (120 days’ post-anthesis), lycopene and β-carotene were the predominant carotenoids, however lycopene content was less than 10% of normal.

Ripening of fruit from heterozygous (nor+/nor) plants was delayed and occurred more slowly than for normal (nor+/nor+) fruit. The respiratory climacteric was partially suppressed, peak ethylene production was one-sixth of normal, fruit softening was retarded, and polygalacturonase activity was lower at comparable maturity stages. Fruit from heterozygous (nor+nor) plants accumulated lycopene, gamma-carotene, phytofluene, and phytoene at a slower rate, but β-carotene accumulation was similar to normal. A mechanism for action of nor in control of ripening is proposed.
Identification of Tree Fruit Species by Pollen Ultrastructure1
Authors: Fogle Harold W.
Published: August 2022

Differences in size and surface ultrastructure of pollen grains are useful for distinguishing species of tree fruits. Peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) and nectarine (P. persica var. nectarina [Ait.] Maxim.) have the largest pollen grains, about 62 × 32 μm, and have similar surface markings. Apricot (P. armeniaca L.), like peach, pollen has ridges of exine which are generally longitudinal and shallow, but the grains are slightly smaller. Pollen of European plum (P. domestica L.) is slightly shorter and comparatively wider than that of peach and has the most prominent and complex exine ridging of the tree fruit species. Japanese plum (P. salicina Lindl.) pollen has similar conformation and surface appearance to that of peach but is only one-half as large. Sweet cherry (P. avium [L.] L.) and apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) pollens are about three-fourths the dimensions of those of peach and have narrower ridges. Apple has the least coarse ridges of any of the tree fruits. Sweet cherry has many abortive grains and its exine ridges are more distinct than those of apple. Sour cherry (P. cerasus L.) pollen is about one-half the size of peach pollen and has prominent ridges and many abortive grains. Pear (Pyrus communis L.) pollen is also about one-half the length of peach pollen but comparatively wider; it has shallow but distinct and complex ridges and some abortive grains.
A Morphological Study of the Development of Reproductive Structures of Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Webster Barbara D. , Tucker C. L. , Lynch Steven P.
Published: August 2022

The high degree of self-pollination in Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Light Red Kidney is attributed to the fact that flowers are autogamous and to the following characteristics: proximity of anthers and stigma at time of maturity; simultaneous maturation of pollen and receptivity of the stigamtic surface; and, possibly, to the position and orientation of stylar hairs. A morphologically variant pistil, in which the stigma is receptive when the flower is fully open, develops in a few flowers. Such flowers may be cross-pollinated by bees or other insects. The sugary secretion of stigmatic epidermal cells appears to enhance pollen retention and may provide an environment conducive to pollen germination.
Accumulation and Loss of Sugars and Reduced Ascorbic Acid in Attached and Detached Tomato Fruits1
Authors: Betancourt Luis A. , Stevens M. Allen , Kader Adel A.
Published: August 2022

Fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ripened on the plant had higher total solids, soluble solids, and reducing sugars than those which were analyzed at the “breaker” stage (incipient red color). Fruits detached as “breaker” and ripened off the plant lost solids and sugars during ripening. The total solids and reducing sugars concentration in fruits ripened on the plant were about 9% and 18% (‘Ace 55’) or 15% and 23% (‘Rick High Sugar’) higher, respectively, than in fruits ripened off the plant.

Fruits analyzed at the “breaker” stage contained only 69.2% (‘Ace 55’) or 43.6% (‘Rick High Sugar’) of their potential reduced ascorbic acid concentration if ripened on the vine to table-ripe. Fruits accumulated ascorbic acid during ripening on or off the plant, but the increase was 16% to 27% greater for those fruits left on the plant.
Effect of Growth Regulators on Branching, Flowering, and Fruit Development of Ornamental Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)1
Authors: Khademi M. , Khosh-Khui M.
Published: August 2022

Indoleacetic acid (IAA), benzyladenine (BA) and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) were applied to pinched and non-pinched ornamental peppers (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Teno) before, after, or at the time of pinching. Ethephon increased the number of lateral branches, but reduced growth, delayed flowering, reduced the number of flowers per branch thus reducing fruit production. Ethephon applied at 300 ppm 2 weeks post-pinching substituted for hand pinching. BA and IAA had no desirable effect on ornamental characteristics of treated plants.
Effectiveness of Ethylene Degreening of Certain Citrus Cultivars1
Authors: Kitagawa H. , Kawada K. , Tarutani T.
Published: August 2022

A 15-hour ethylene degreening treatment was most effective for satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) followed by navel orange (C. sinensis Osbeck), ‘Eureka’ lemon (C. limon Burm. f), ‘Hassaku’ (C. hassaku Hort. ex Tan.), ‘Natsudaidai’ (C. natsudaidai Hay.), and ‘Trovita’ (C. sinensis) and ‘Valencia’ (C. sinensis) oranges. Effectiveness seems to be related to resistance to gas diffusion from fruit affecting release of absorbed ethylene.
Low Temperature Resistance of Developing Flower Buds of Six Deciduous Fruit Species1
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Mills H. H.
Published: August 2022

Six deciduous fruit species showed similar distribution of mortality with temperature during blossom bud development from dormancy to post bloom. During this period T50 rose to near −3°C for all species. The range between T10 and T90 remained small during dormancy, increased to 6 to 10°C in the early stages of development, then diminished to 1 to 2° in the later stages. Variability within samples decreased markedly with development.
Nitrogen and Potassium Requirements of Rieger Begonia (Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch)1
Authors: Nelson Paul V. , Krauskopf Dean M. , Mingis Nancy C.
Published: August 2022

Optimum N and K rates were established for ‘Schwabenland Red’ Rieger begonia for weekly fertilization and for application with each watering. Weekly application of 400 ppm N or more and 150 ppm or less resulted in undesirable plant size reduction regardless of K level; 200 ppm was marginal and 250 and 300 ppm N were best. Weekly applications of 60 to 200 ppm K were best and equal when applied with 250 ppm N while levels of 250 ppm K and greater caused smaller final plant size. The best rates of N for application with each watering were 100 and 150 ppm; 75 ppm and lower and 200 ppm and higher had deleterious effects. K levels from 50 to 125 ppm were best for application with every watering while levels of 150 ppm and greater were undesirable.
Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Vegetative and Inflorescence Buds of Pistachio
Authors: Lin Tzong-Shyan , Crane Julian C. , Ryugo Kay
Published: August 2022

Gibberellic acid (GA3) induced cell division in subapical meristems of quiescent terminal vegetative buds and brought about bud opening and stem elongation in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). When the subapical meristems in rachis primordia in lateral inflorescence buds were undergoing cell division, GA3 application enhanced cell division and brought about elongation of the rachis. However, application of GA3 to inflorescence buds when cell division in the subapical meristem of the rachis essentially had terminated, induced cell division in the bases of the buds with subsequent bud abscission.
Biochemical Markers for Carica papaya, C. cauliflora, and Plants from Somatic Embryos of Their Hybrid
Authors: Moore G. A. , Litz R. E.
Published: August 2022

Isozyme markers for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (PER), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were identified for Carica papaya L. and the related but sexually incompatible C. cauliflora Jacq. These markers were used to determine the nature of somatic embryos derived from papaya ovules cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium 65 days after controlled pollination with C. cauliflora. Zymograms of plantlets from somatic embryos contained bands specific to either C. papaya or C. cauliflora (PER, GOT) and a unique band not present in the zymogram of either species (PER). Zymograms of somatic embryo-derived plantlets were distinctively different from those of either of the Carica species for all the enzyme systems examined. Evidence from isozyme markers indicates that somatic embryos produced from cultured papaya ovules following pollination with C. cauliflora may be hybrids. The isozyme banding patterns of 60 plantlets derived from somatic embryos from the same ovule were very uniform and suggest genetic uniformity among the regenerated plantlets.
The Effects of Regulated Water Deficits on Pear Tree Growth, Flowering, Fruit Growth, and Yield
Authors: Mitchell P. D. , Jerie P. H. , Chalmers D. J.
Published: August 2022

Three levels of water deficit generated by 3 levels of irrigation applied at times of rapid vegetative growth and/or slow fruit growth were compared to determine their suitability for restricting vegetative growth on 5-year-old ‘Bartlett’ pear (Prunus communis L.) trees trained to a Tatura Trellis. For the period of Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI), the amount of water applied replaced 92%, 47%, and 23% of the evaporation calculated over the planting square (Eps). In the subsequent period of rapid fruit growth until harvest, all trees were irrigated with 150% Eps to ensure that the wetting pattern from the trickle system wetted the entire root zone. Shoot and frame growth declined in proportion to the water deficit. Fruit tended to grow more slowly on the 23% than 46% treatment during RDI, but growth on the 46% and 92% Eps treatments was similar. In the subsequent period of full irrigation, fruit growth initially was significantly faster on the RDI treatments, and the same trend was maintained for most of the remainder of fruit growth. The net result was that yield was marginally increased RDI treatments. In the subsequent season, flowering was increased on trees recieving RDI in the previous season.
Protein and Amino Acid Content of Sweetpotato Cultivars1
Authors: Purcell Albert E. , Swaisgood Harold E. , Pope Daniel T.
Published: August 2022

Protein content of sweetpotatoes from a North Carolina root collection was determined. Protein content ranged from 1.73% dry basis to 9.14%. The amino acid composition of protein extracted from 6 selected cultivars was determined. Tryptophan and total sulfur amino acids were limiting by comparison with the FAO reference protein. Other essential amino acids were in excess suggesting that sweetpotato protein may be useful in supplementing other plant proteins.
Moderated Mediating Effects of Training Transfer and an HRD System on the Relationship between the Effectiveness of E-learning and Employee Productivity
Authors:   Human Engagement Institute, Han Seungju , Lee Nuri , Kim Jin , Lee Yunsoo
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the study was to analyze the moderated mediating effects of training transfer and an HRD system on the relationship between effectiveness of e-learning and employee productivity. We utilized the 7th data of the Human Capital Corporate Panel (HCCP) and a total of 3,504 responses. The results are as follows: (1) there was no statistically significant relationship between the effectiveness of e-learning and the employees’ productivity; (2) training transfer mediated the relationship between the effectiveness of e-learning and the productivity of employees; (3) The HRD system moderated the relationship between the effectiveness of e-learning and training transfer; and (4) there were statistically significant moderated mediating effects of training transfer and the HRD system on the relationship between the effectiveness of e-learning and employee productivity. Based on the findings, we discussed theoretical and practical implications from the human resource development perspective.
Effect of Emotional Labor among Beauty-Related Medical Health Personnel on Organizational Commitment: The Mediation Effect of Burnout Moderated by the Length of Work Experience
Authors:   Human Engagement Institute, Yun Mi Jeong , Jin Byung Jun , Lee Ji Hae
Published: August 2022

This study was performed to verify the mediation effect of burnout on the relationship between emotional labor and organizational commitment and see if the length of work experience moderates the mediation effect among beauty-related medical health personnel. A survey was conducted to 114 beauty-related non-benefit hospital medical service personnel working across South Korea. First, descriptive statistics and correlation between variables were examined. Next, the PROCESS Macro of Hayes(2013) was utilized to verify the moderated mediation effect. Burnout was the mediator of the relationship between emotional labor and organizational commitment. Length of work experience was the moderator of the mediation effect. The results are as follows. First, emotional labor positively predicted burnout. Emotional labor and burnout both negatively predicted organizational commitment. Second, burnout fully mediated the relationship between emotional labor and organizational commitment. Third, the length of work experience moderated the relationship between burnout and organizational commitment. Also, a significant moderated mediation effect was found. Individual and organizational intervention plans and limitations were discussed.
Analysis of the Perceptions of Teachers and Field Experts on Career Resilience of Migrant Youth by Migration Types
Authors:   Human Engagement Institute, Oh Sung Bae , Lee Yoo Jung
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to measure the career resilience of youth with a migrant background by the types of migration and to provide basic data for the career education of migrant youth. For this, the researchers recruited 58 teachers and experts that have experience in teaching non-migrant students and migrant students and conducted questionnaires to derive results. The results are as follows: First, the level of component factors and sub-variables of career resilience were significantly lower in the order of non-migrant youth, native-born youth with a migrant background, and immigrant youth. Second, the differences were most pronounced between youth with a migrant background and youth without a migrant background. Also, differences were found between native-born youth with a migrant background and youth without a migrant background. The study results suggest that in future career education, there is a need for an approach that considers the differences in characteristics between youth without a migrant background and youth with a migrant background as well as the differences in characteristics among various types of migrant background youth.
Groundwater recharge estimation using water table fluctuation and empirical methods
Authors: Addisie Meseret B.
Published: August 2022

The reliable estimation of groundwater recharge is fundamental to the appropriate use of groundwater resources. Shallow groundwater resource quantification for irrigation in highland regions remains challenging. Specifically, in the humid Ethiopian highlands, only limited research has been done on groundwater recharge estimation. Despite the various techniques used to determine recharge, the objective of this study was to better understand natural groundwater recharge using water table fluctuation (WTF) and empirical methods in the sub-humid Ethiopian highlands. The Ene-Chilala watershed was selected for this study. Precipitation, infiltration rate, and piezometric water levels were measured. Precipitation was measured over a 4-year period (2013–2016), whereas infiltration and the groundwater table were measured over a 1-year period (2014). Recharge rates using WTF were determined from the three slope positions and the median of all piezometers for the whole watershed. Infiltration rates on the upslope were greater compared to the mid- and downslopes. The rainfall intensity exceeded the infiltration rate in all slope positions, so the excess rainfall recharged the perched upslope aquifer and eventually drained as interflow to recharge the mid- and downslopes. The estimated groundwater recharge from WTF was less compared to the average of empirical estimations. Surprisingly, from the nine selected empirical equations, the modified Chaturvedi formula had a similar estimation to the WTF method. In conclusion, it is challenging to find long-term seasonal and spatial groundwater-level data. Long-term groundwater data should, therefore, be available in order to arrive at a reliable recharge estimate and for effective groundwater management practices.
Introduction to Python
Authors: Mittal Mamta , Battineni ​Gopi , Usharani ​Bhimavarapu , Goyal Lalit Mohan
Published: August 2022

This chapter discusses a brief introduction to the python programming
language, the core Python language, and important libraries for natural language
processing by using different IDEs like Anaconda and Google Co laboratory.
Informar através do som O Podcast no ciberjornalismo português – Análise do P24
Authors: Silva Maria João Marinho da
Published: August 2022

This study reviews how the digital platforms use the podcast, having, as the main object of analysis, the portuguese podcast P24, from Público newspaper. The goal of this study is to understand the main themes of P24 episodes, but also its informational sources. In order to achieve this purpose, it was carried out a daily analysis of P24 from May 18th to June 2nd. The results confirm that themes related to Society are the most covered and that the main informational sources are journalists from the Público newspaper. This study not only reflects the impact that podcasts have in digital platforms, but also the importance of the development of this format in the Portuguese digital context.
Optimized scheduling method in 6TSCH wireless networks
Authors:   Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, Hosni Ines , Boubaker Ourida Ben ,   Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
Published: August 2022

IEEE802.15.4e-TSCH is a mode exploited by the Internet of Things. Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) presents an upgrade to the IEEE 802.15.4 to build a Medium Access Control (MAC) for low power and loss network applications in IoT. This norm defines the concept of TSCH based on channel hopping and reservation of bandwidth to achieve energy efficiency, as well as consistent transmissions. Centralized approaches have been proposed for planning TSCH. They have succeeded in increasing network efficiency and reducing latency, but the scheduling length remains not reduced. However, distributed solutions appear to be more stable in the face of change, without creating a priori assumptions about the topology of the network or the amount of traffic to be transmitted. A distributed scheduling allowing neighboring nodes to decide on a coordination system operated by a minimal scheduling feature is currently proposed by the 6TiSCH working group. This scheduling allows sensor nodes to determine when data is to be sent or received. However, the details of scheduling time intervals are not specified by the TSCH-mode IEEE802.15.4e standard. In this work, we propose a distributed Optimized Minimum Scheduling Function (OMSF) that is based on the 802.15.4e standard TSCH mode. For this purpose, a distributed algorithm is being implemented to predict the scheduling requirements over the next slotframe, focused on the Poisson model and using a cluster tree topology. As a consequence, it will reduce the negotiation operations between the pairs of nodes in each cluster to decide on a schedule. This prediction allowed us to deduce the number of cells needed in the next slotframe. Clustering decreases, the overhead processing costs that produce the prediction model. So, an energy-efficient data collection model focused on clustering and prediction has been proposed. As a result, the energy consumption, traffic load, latency, and queue size in the network, have been reduced.