bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in high resolution X-ray customised detection systems
Authors: Vacchi A , Cirrincione D , Altissimo M , Antonelli M , Aquilanti G , Bellutti P , Bertuccio G , Borghi G , Carlomagno I , Cautero G , Ficorella F , Gandola M , Gianoncelli A , Giuressi D , Kourousias G , Mele F , Menk R H , Olivi L , Orzan G , Picciotto A , Rachevski A , Rashevskaya I , Stebel L , Zampa G , Zampa N , Zorzi N
Published: December 2022

The results of a collaborative development activity aimed to the realization of multi-cell detectors based on monolithic SDD pixel technology will be described. Two kind of detection systems, skilled for the light lines at synchrotrons, have been brought to high levels of finalization and integration; a 64 cells detection system dedicated to absorption spectroscopy (XAFS) and a 32 cells detector for the X-ray microscopy (TwinMic). The main targets of this effort, led in a tight collaboration with the beam lines scientists, were large sensitive area, high rate capabilities, state of the art efficiency and energy resolution. The aim is to reduce the beam time demand for each single measurement while delivering a cutting edge analytical power.

All basic elements of those detection systems, from the detector’s design and production to the front-end and read-out electronics including the final engineering of the integrated system were customized to the specific use addressed.
Digital signal processing algorithms for energy dispersive x-rays detectors
Authors: Adeel Sarmad , Tolkiehn Martin
Published: December 2022

Alternative to the traditional analog methods, several digital data preprocessing, shaping and postprocessing techniques have been investigated for the improvement in energy resolution of energy dispersive x-rays detectors. Initial experimental results show that by preprocessing the data, better energy resolution can be obtained at shorter shaping times; thus, it will allow good energy and time resolution at high count rates.
Next generation experimental data access at NSLS-II
Authors: Rakitin Maksim , Campbell Stuart , Allan Daniel , Caswell Thomas , Gavrilov Dmitri , Hanwell Marcus , Wilkins Stuart
Published: December 2022

The NSLS-II network and computing infrastructure has been significantly updated recently. The re-IP process in 2020-2021 enabled the NSLS-II network to be routable to the rest of the BNL campus. Then, standardization of the operating systems and deployment procedures helped to deliver a consistent environment to workstations and servers used by all NSLS-II beamlines. In particular, the RedHat Enterprise Linux 8 was deployed to 700+ machines using the RedHat Satellite infrastructure management product, and all critical services (IOCs, databases, etc.) were migrated to the new OS. NFS users’ home directories are consistent across all of the machines, which eliminates the need for the individual configuration of the user environment on each host. The standard suite of software packages is available to the beamline staff and users, which includes the system packages (deployed via RPM) as well as the conda environments for data acquisition and analysis. Security measures were implemented to comply with the industry standards, which include multi-factor authentication (using Duo), secure screen lock for the beamline machines, and advanced access control to the experimental data that is stored in shared central storage available on all hosts. These major enhancements facilitated sharing the experimental data (currently for a number of selected beamlines, with a plan to extend it to the whole facility in the nearest future) with the users via an externally facing JupyterHub instance - https://jupyter.nsls2.bnl.gov. The beamlines keep using the Bluesky data acquisition framework to orchestrate their experiments, and the new infrastructure enabled them to use a next-generation data access library called tiled.
Commissioning of the cryogenic sample environment for the TARUMÃ station at the CARNAÚBA beamline at Sirius/LNLS
Authors: Lena F R , Bueno C S N C , Cardoso F H , Donatti M M , Neto J B , Geraldes R R , Kofukuda L M , Perissinotto L S , Sato C , Tolentino H C N , Wilendorf W H , Silva F M C , Szostak R
Published: December 2022

TARUMÃ is a multi-technique station at CARNAÚBA (Coherent X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamline) at the 4th-generation light source Sirius at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). With a tender-to-hard energy range from 2.05 to 15 keV and a fully coherent nanoprobe focused via an all-achromatic KB (Kirkpatrick-Baez) optics, it can be used for simultaneous multiple nanoscale X-ray techniques in 2D and 3D. This includes ptychography coherent diffraction imaging (ptycho-CDI), absorption spectroscopy (XAS), diffraction (XRD), fluorescence (XRF) and luminescence (XEOL). In particular, the tender energies can be used to study light elements that are commonly present in soft biological samples, ensuring the unique position of the station in the Life and Environmental Sciences program at LNLS. Still, enabling this range of experiments is sometimes only possible with cryogenically cooled samples as the high beam dose can result in both chemical and structural damage at ambient temperature conditions. At TARUMÃ, to comply with the heavily occupied volume around the sample and the sample positioning architecture, this is enabled by an open-atmosphere cryogenic system based on a commercial cryojet and a custom-designed sample holder. Following a predictive engineering approach, the system is capable of conditioning the sample down to 155K, whilst avoiding icing and condensation in nearby instrumentation and preserving the nanometer-level positioning requirements of the scanning station. Here we present the commissioning results of the referred system along with the first beamline measurements.
A tensile stage for high resolution synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy at MIRAS
Authors: Kreuzer M , Ribó Mor L , Alloza Castillo D. , Vicent Jover Mañas G , Manuel Falcon Torres C , García Domínguez I , Yousef I
Published: December 2022

For the study of thin films and fibres under load, a uniaxial tensile stage has been developed for synchrotron-based polarized Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. One of the advantages compared to commercial available stages is its compact design at the sample position (<20 mm thickness) and the large field of view on the sample for transmission and reflection geometry. In addition, the stage is mounted on a base plate, which can be rotated between -15° and +193° in the sample plane, in order to rotate the sample relative to the inherent polarization of the incoming infrared light from the synchrotron light source. Preliminary in situ tensile load experiments conducted at MIRAS beamline of the ALBA synchrotron were done on 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer thin films. The samples could be mapped in transmission geometry under tensile load achieving high spatial resolution up to 10 micros using the intense IR source of the synchrotron light. Making use of polarized synchrotron-based infrared light, it was possible to show the alignment of different vibrational bands parallel and orthogonal to the stretching direction. The v(C=O) absorbance bands decrease upon stretching using parallel polarized infrared light, while the v(C=C) bands are increasing in intensity, revealing the orientation of v(C=O) bonds orthogonal to the stretching direction during stretching. The experiments highlight the unique instrumentation capabilities of the tensile stage for in situ measurement of molecular distributions and chemical bond orientations as a function of sample displacement and applied load.
Innovative Delta Robot Sample Scanner
Authors: Kelly J , Parker J , Male A , Nagy M , Chisman L , Quinn P
Published: December 2022

Synchrotron Endstations typically use a stack of coarse and fine motion stages to position and scan a sample in the beam. The serial nature of this design causes a low resonant frequency and hence limits the position stability. The combination of multiple stages also adds motion control and data analysis complexity. A large range parallel kinematic cartesian sample scanner has been designed, built, tested and installed to address these limitations. The stage combines a 3 mm travel range with < 3 nm RMS position jitter in the scan directions and < 1 nm/minute thermal drift during scanning. This paper describes and demonstrates the mechatronic design process of Dynamic Error Budgeting. The stage is installed and fully operational on beamline I14 at the Diamond Light Source being used for nanoscale XRF mapping, imaging and ptychography.
Demonstration of the X-ray imaging capabilities of the newly installed multilayer monochromator at SPring-8 BL20B2
Authors: Uesugi Kentaro , Hoshino Masato , Koyama Takahisa , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Senba Yasunori , Takeuchi Tomoyuki , Yumoto Hirokatsu , Ohashi Haruhiko , Yamada Junpei , Osaka Taito , Sugahara Michiyasu , Yabashi Makina
Published: December 2022

Double multilayer monochromators (DMMs) for 40 keV and 110 keV have been installed at BL20B2 in SPring-8. The DMMs provide X-rays with a few percent bandwidths at those energies. The flux density of the X-rays is more than several hundred times higher than that of monochromatic X-rays with a silicon double crystal monochromator, which enables us to perform high-speed X-ray imaging with a large field of view and high spatial resolution X-ray imaging in those high-energy X-rays. Here characteristics of DMMs and some demonstrations of X-ray imaging using the high flux density beams are shown.
Image Reconstruction in Ultrasound Reflection Tomography using Quick High-Resolution Method
Authors: Wójcik D , Przysucha B , Gołąbek M , Wośko E , Rymarczyk T , Adamkiewicz P
Published: December 2022

This paper presents an image reconstruction method for reflective ultrasonic tomography. The variation of the time corresponding to the first peak for the transmitter-receiver pairs is used in the transmission tomography. Commonly, all the reflected packets are used in the reflective reconstruction, but here we assume that the inside of the object is either changing or has a high absorption coefficient. Classical tomography methods are based on an equation where the system matrix is not square. Therefore, inverting such a matrix is a complex task. The solution to this problem is our simple geometrical method, which is very fast and accurate. Moreover, a very high spatial resolution can be achieved. In this case, the amount of information obtained from the system is limited only by the number of transducers used for the ultrasonic measurement.
Identification of parameters of the separation process of safflower seed material on sieves
Authors: Bakum M.V. , Kharchenko S.O. , кovalyshyn S.Y. , Krekot M.M. , Kharchenko F.M. , Shvets O. P. , Kiełbasa P. , Miernik A.
Published: December 2022

Separation of seed mixtures for the purpose of their purification or calibration by fractions is a mandatory technological operation in the processing of most crops. Due to its properties, the process of separation of seed mixtures of individual crops has undefined parameters or low efficiency of its flow. A similar seed material is safflower, the parameters of the purification process of which were determined in the work taking into account different methods of separation of the components of the mixture. The work involves determining the parameters of the holes of the sieves and the scheme of their installation during the separation of the seed mixture of safflower, provided the maximum quality of seeds. For this purpose, the dimensional characteristics of safflower seeds and characteristic impurities were determined, which allowed to determine the possibilities of their qualitative separation. As a result of experiments, variation curves of dimensional characteristics of safflower seed mixture components in thickness and width were established. To imitate hard-to-separate components, winter wheat and pea grains were added to safflower seeds. The efficiency of sieve separation was also determined taking into account different types of sieve openings. Studies of the process of purification of safflower seed mixture were performed both on traditional flat stamped sieves and on the proposed sieves with activators. A study on the separation of safflower seed mixtures on traditional sieves with round holes with a diameter of 5.0 mm and rectangular holes with a width of 3.0 mm has been carried out. For the first time, a sieve with five-petalled epicycloid and volume activators was used to clean the seed mixture, which, thanks to the innovative design, allows us to increase the efficiency of the separation process. For the first time, a well-grounded method of determining the coefficient, which comprehensively takes into account the parameters of holes and jumpers, can be used to optimize the parameters of seed and grain cleaning machines. The separation efficiency of the safflower seed mixture was determined both by the content of fractions and by the indicators of 1000 seed weight, germination energy and seed germination. It has been found that to increase the productivity and quality of separation, it is advisable to use sieves with sieve activators: the upper sieve with five-petalled epicycloid activators 5 mm, and the lower with elongated holes 3 mm wide as well as volume activators.
System Codesign for the Measurement of Biological Tissues using Surface Potential Data Analysis
Authors: Hyka O , Vejar A , Rymarczyk T
Published: December 2022

In this work we present the development of a monitoring system that is targeted to track the data of electrical potential measurements in biological tissues. The system is conceived to be portable and its design allows for low-energy consumption. To account for different types of biological materials, the measurement of the bioimpedance of the material is generally used. To achieve both speed and accuracy, we deploy a system using hardware-software codesign with reconfigurable hardware. This integral approach is facilitated by the use of a modern system of chip with mixed signal capabilities. In particular we use a field programmable gate array for accelerating signal processing and data acquisition. A double core microcontroller is used to collect, process and deliver the data over a networked environment.
Influence of the parameters of organic matter stimulation with the electromagnetic field on the characteristics and structure of the generated thermal energy
Authors: Popardowski E , Kiełbasa P , Rad M , Dróżdż T
Published: December 2022

The article presents the change in temperature to time ratio of the solenoid winding depending on the working fluid flow. This measurement is extremely important from the point of view of the stimulation of biological material using the electromagnetic field, due to the possibility of denaturing the protein of the organic substance, which transfer into false experimental results. The differences in temperature to time ratio between the coil winding and the working fluid were presented and the results were supplemented with pictures from a thermal imaging camera. An attempt was also made to determine the theoretical reserve of the thermal energy flux. The obtained results will be used to create a system that will fully automatically control the set temperature of the cooling liquid, with the possibility of its cyclical changes.
Characterization of TiO2NPs/ZnO NSs heterojunction thin film on PTFE substrate growth by dip coating process
Authors: Elzawiei Youssif S M , Hashim Md Roslan , Halim Mohd Mahadi
Published: December 2022

In this work, dip coating process (DCP) was used to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The photocatalytic nanostructured heterojunction was formed on ZnO nanoseeds (NSs) layer grown by radio frequency (RF) sputtering on flexible Teflon (PTFE) substrate. Series of characterizations and analyses reveal the morphology, optical, and structural properties of the nanocomplexes. These include several identified peaks observed by XRD. While, UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and FTIR were utilized to determine the opto-characteristics, and to observe the presence of functional bonds involved in the growth of the heterojunction thin film. Based on the presented results, the heterostructures relying on a flexible substrate are believed to be highly promising for photocatalytic applications.
Design and Performance Analysis of DWDM-PON
Authors: Naim Nani Fadzlina , Hazian Muhammad Firdaus , Sarnin Suzi Seroja , Ya’acob Norsuzila , Supian Latifah Sarah
Published: December 2022

This paper presents on the design and analysis of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (DWDM-PON) which is the upcoming trend technology nowadays to transmit up to 40 Gbps data. Various modulation techniques such as Non-Return Zero (NRZ), Return-Zero (RZ) and duo binary coding are simulated in this DWDM-PON. Using OptiSystem software, DWDM-PON is designed and simulated for 32 channels with spacing of 100 GHz and bit rate of 10 Gbps. An Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and Dispersion - Compensating Fiber (DCF) is deployed in the DWDM design. It is found that duo binary modulation technique gives the best performance with minimum BER of 2.66x10-19. From the simulation result, it also found that the proposed DWDM PON design is suitable to be deployed for current network.
Machine learning algorithms for surface plasmon resonance bio-detection applications, A short review
Authors: Zain H. A. , Batumalay M. , Harith Z. , Rahim H. R. A. , Harun S. W
Published: December 2022

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have many applications in detecting toxic gases, water pollutants, and biomarkers of many diseases. Surface plasmon resonance sensors are a good candidate for future sensing platforms due to their high sensitivity and fine resolution. However, the challenges of high cost, cross-sensitivity, and large amount of generated data need to be addressed to unlock surface plasmon resonance potential. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can address these challenges. In this short review, recent studies integrating the algorithms of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) with (SPR) sensing mechanisms for bio-detection applications are presented here. This short review shows how the integrated approach can help mitigate some of the challenges faced by traditional SPR sensing.
Performance Evaluation of NRZ-OOK and Carrier-Less Amplitude Phase Modulation in Li-Fi Environment
Authors: Zaiton A M , Joyce Y P L , Ahmad Z , Jasman F , Hassan W H W
Published: December 2022

Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) is a wireless technology that utilizes light emitting diodes to convey data. Li-Fi has emerged as a promising alternative to radio frequency communication technology in recent years. This paper examines the performance characterisation between NRZ-OOK and carrier-less amplitude-phase modulation (CAP-2, CAP-4 and CAP-8), within a simulated Li-Fi environment. For the parameters of interest, the eye pattern, bit error rate (BER) and constellation diagram are reported. As no distance is specified in the simulation, the BER for CAP is zero, allowing an ideal transmission to be emulated. The scatter diagram increases as the number of CAP modulations increases. For the eye pattern, CAP modulation provides a better visual representation of how noise might affect system performance compared to OOK modulation.
Simulation of Self-Image Interference in Single Mode-No-Core-Single Mode Fiber with COMSOL Multiphysics®
Authors: Razali Nazirah Mohd , Lokman Muhammad Quisar , Zuikafly Siti Nur Fatin , Ahmad Fauzan , Yahaya Hafizal
Published: December 2022

Self-image interference in a single mode-no-core-single mode fiber plays an important role especially for length optimization before acting as a sensor. The interference can be observed through optical simulation software. Past literature has successfully demonstrated the interference via COMSOL Multiphysics®, but the simulation was not restricted to the use of important domains and settings such as perfectly matched layer and surrounding domain causing imprecise simulation results. This paper proposes a simulation of self-image interference in a single mode-no-core-single mode fiber by using the wave-optics module in COMSOL Multiphysics® software. The beam propagation method is used to observe the self-image interference for different self-image indexes ranging from one to four indexes while the self-image length is obtained from the theoretical calculation before a simulation is carried out. The results show that accurate results can be obtained with restricted simulation settings. The number of the self-image index and self-image length produced by the simulation are similar to the calculation. The self-image point is located exactly at the calculated length with a four-decimal point 0.0000 difference, thus overcoming the limitation of the simulated previous work. In the future, the simulation settings and results can be used for reference to simulate the single mode- no-core-single mode fiber structure.
Titanium Nanoparticles Modified NIR Emission of Neodymium Doped Magnesium Zinc-Sulfophosphate Glass: Effect of Heat Treatment on Surface Plasmon Resonance Bands
Authors: Yusof N N , Hashim S , Aziz S M , Azlan M N , Iskandar S M , Zaid M H M , Hisam R , Nazrin S N , Yusoff N M
Published: December 2022

New type plasmonic sensitizer, titanium nanoparticles (Ti NPs) shown potential in enhancing photoluminescence of rare-earth ions (REIs) as doped into magnesium zinc-sulfophosphate (MZS) glass for optical to optic application. Here, neodymium ions (Nd3+)-doped MZS glass with Ti NPs inclusion gone heat treatment (HT) at 450°C for 6 and 12 hours in order to tune the NPs size and tailor their plasmonic strength. The sample was characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer. Heat treatment (HT) grows Ti NPs with a mean size ≈ 16 nm. The SPR bands are probed around 585and 739 nm. The SPR band intensities change with HT duration. The NIR PL bands were perceived around 878 nm, 1050 nm and 1322 nm corresponding to 4F3/2→4I9/2, 4F3/2→4I11/2 and 4F3/2→4I13/2 transitions, accordingly. The PL transition 4F3/2→4I9/2 (878 nm) and 4F3/2→4I13/2 (1322 nm) is enhanced about 1.44 and 1.52 times respectively, after 12 hours HT. The results show that HT enhances PL through SPR amplification. These findings may be useful in developing solid-state lasers and optical materials.
Effects of Bromealin on Digestive Enzyme Activities and Growth Performance of Asian Redtail Catfish (Hemibragus Nemurus)
Authors: Pamukas N A , Mulyadi  , Putra I , Asiah N , Adelina  , Kairoa W B
Published: December 2022

The problem encountered in the culture of asian redtail catfish is its slow growth. The increase in growth can be accelerated by the addition of bromealin enzymes found in pineapple processing industrial waste. The aim of this research was to analyze: the optimal dose of bromealin enzyme added to feed in increasing the activity of digestive enzymes and growth performance of asian redtail catchfish. The main ingredients used were asian redtail catchfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) measuring 5-7 cm, pakcoy plants, boster, bromealin enzymes, commercial pellets with 38% protein content, round tubs and gutters as test containers. The method of research used is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experimental method with 1 factor, 5 levels of treatment and 3 replications. The treatment levels in this study were: without bromealin enzyme (P0), 2.5% kg-1 feed (P1), 3.5% kg-1 feed (P2), 4.5% kg-1 feed (P3) and 5.5% kg-1 feed (P4) respectively. To determine the effect of treatment, variance analysis (ANOVA) was performed using SPSS software version 13.0. The results showed that bromelin enzymes with different doses had an effect on digestive enzyme activity and growth performance of asian redtail catfish. The best treatment was found in the treatment of bromealin enzyme at 5.5 g kg-1 feed, which increased the protease enzyme by 95.56%, lipase 612.12%, amylase 338.12%, average growth weight of 13.85 grams, average growth length of 12.03 cm, absolute growth weight of 33.47 grams, absolute growth length 6.17 cm, specific growth rate of 2.92 %, Feed Efficiency of 69.33%, FCR of 1.45% and survival rates of 92.86% with water quality parameters such as temperature 24.33-29.73 °C, pH 6.17-7.67, dissolved oxygen (DO) 3.53-7.57 mg L-1, and ammonia 0.00537 mg L-1.
Fermentation of Formulated Feed using Bacillus subtilis TS2b for Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Feed
Authors: Mulyasari  , Samsudin Reza , Subaryono
Published: December 2022

Giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a freshwater fishery product that requires further development. However, the high cost of commercial feed is one of the challenges in growing giant prawns. One approach to addressing this issue is to use local feedstuff as an alternative feed ingredient. The main obstacle to using local feedstuff is the limitation (anti-nutrition, crude fiber, etc.) that fermentation technology can overcome. The goal of this study was to create an efficient feed for giant prawns by fermenting formulated feed (which contains local feedstuff) using B. subtilis TS2b. Three treatments with three repetitions were used in this study with the following treatments: Treatment A consisted of commercial feed (as a positive control), Treatment B consisted of formulated feed (negative control), and Treatment C is a formulated feed that was fermented using Bacillus subtilis TS2b. The giant freshwater prawns used were 0.47±0.02g in weight and were randomly stocked into 9 aquarium units (60 × 50 × 45 cm) with a stocking density of 20 individuals/aquarium. Giant freshwater prawns were fed three times a day for 51 days of the rearing period. Absolute and relative weight growth, specific growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion, protein, and fat retention were all measured. The results showed that absolute growth for all treatments were : 1,41±0,22g (A), 1,37±1,37g (B), 1,51±0,04g (C), feed conversion were 1,82% (A), 1,83%(B), 1,66%(C) and survival rate were: 72±2,5%(A), 88±4,7%(B) and 87±2,4%(C).
The use of cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal as protein source for snakehead fish (Channa striata)
Authors: Prachom N , Suharman I
Published: December 2022

The potency of the cricket meal (CM) as fish meal (FM) alternative in diets for snakehead (Channa striata) (initial average weight 15.0 g) was evaluated for eight weeks. Two isoproteic (42%) and isolipidic (10%) diets were formulated to contain FM and CM as source of protein. Experimental diets were given to the tested fish two times in a day at 08:00 and 16:00 hours until satiation in the semi-recirculating system with the water temperatures ranging from 28−29°C and the dissolved oxygen levels ranging from 8.0−9.0 mg/L. Fish were sampled at the end of the research to determine their proximate composition, growth and feed utilization. The results showed that no adverse effect of CM on growth, feed intake and survival rate of fish (P < 0.05). A group of fish fed with CM at 45% showed better in the weight gain (WG) (43.4 g/fish), FCR (1.35), and ANPU (31.0 %) than a CD (P> 0.05). It was concluded that the CM could be used in diet of C. striata with no deleterious effects on growth and feed performance. Moreover, improvement on WG, FCR and ANPU of C. striata fed with CM was observed in this study.
Detection of Coastline Changing by Using Remote Sensing Imagery (Case Study in Talawi District, Tanjung Tiram District, Lima Puluh Pesisir District Batu Bara Regency)
Authors: Rumondang  , Feliatra F , Warningsih T , Yoswati D
Published: December 2022

The high pressure in utilizing coastal areas and oceans causes in coastal damage. The coastline is the confluence of land areas and sea areas, where the existence of the line and the position of the coastline can change and undergo changes over time, and the position of the existence of the line is not fixed. The purpose of this study is to find out the changes in the coastline of the Coal District, Talawi District, Tanjung Tiram District and Lima Puluh Pesisir District in 2017-2022. The data analysis technique was used in this study is quantitative descriptive analysis. The data processing includes: Data Acquisition using Satellite Imagery (Raster) data. The data is used by satellite imagery was selected based on 2017 until 2022 coverage representatives, the lowest percentage of cloud cover in the study area. Supporting Spatial Data (vectors). The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) is a plug in for esri ArcGIS 10.4 - 10.6 desktops to calculate historical coastline change rate statistics. Based on the results of coastline delianiation, it can be seen that the length of coastal gasis in 2017 in The Lima Puluh Pesisir District is 10.48 Km, in 2022 there was a decrease to 10.42 Km while based on RBI data on a scale of 1:50,000 in the 2014 update year was 17.37 Km. The length of the coastline of Tanjung Tiram District in 2017 was 24.31 Km, there was a decrease in 2022 to 23.44 Km and based on RBI data of 16.90 Km.The Talawi District has the length of the coastline was 3.16 Km in 2017, there is an increase in 2022 to 3.22 Km while the coastline on the RBI map was 3.23 Kilometers in length.
Antioxidant, Toxicity and Secondary Metabolites Contents of Ethylacetate Fraction from Soft Coral Lobophytum Sp. Growing in South East Sulawesi
Authors: Sahidin I , Fristiohady A , Sadarun B , Rahmatika N S , Yodha A W M , Masrika N U E , Sundowo A , Fajriah S
Published: December 2022

Soft coral Lobophytum sp is widely distributed in the waters of South East Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, no research data on the chemical and medicinal aspects of this genus from this region have been published. Therefore, this article aims to describe the findings of those aspects of Lobophytum sp. from this region. Ethyl acetate was used to extract the sample, and Vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) was used to fractionate the ethyl acetate extract. The DPPH radicals and ABTS methods were used to assess antioxidant potency, the BSLT method was used to evaluate toxicity, and the Phytochemical test and LCMSMS method were used to determine the chemical composition. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract was produced in seven fractions namely Fraction A-G. The weight of each extract was A (12.8% w/w), B (9.7%), C (10.1%), D (2.0%), E (7.0%), F (25, 3%) and G (11.5%). Further studies were carried out on the fraction F which was the fraction with the highest weight. Based on the level of antioxidant power proposed by Blois, the antioxidant potential of fraction F is a strong category with an IC50 value (μg/mL) 99.13 (DPPH) and 79.30 (ABTS). Fraction F is also not toxic with LC50 198.21 μg/mL. Those activities were supported by the qualitative phytochemical screening that exhibited the extract contains phenolic compounds. LCMSMS data indicated that fraction F of ethyl acetate extract contains fragransol D, lirioresinol A, neociwujiaphenol, phillygenin, pluviatelol, saurufuran B, β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin and some unidentified compounds with molecular formulas C21H26O8, C23H26O8, C19H24O6.
Biopigments (Phycoerythrin, Fucoxanthin and Siphonaxanthin) from Seaweeds and Their Potential Applications as Ingredients in Cosmeceutical Industries: A Review
Authors: Noviendri D , Hasrini R F , Subaryono  , Marraskuranto E
Published: December 2022

Green seaweed, red seaweed, and brown seaweed are the three main kinds of seaweeds, which are also categorized as macroalgae. The color represents chemical compounds known as photosynthetic pigments (biopigments) including carotenoids, chlorophylls, and phycobiliproteins. This review is focused on three biopigments, such as phycoerythrin (PE), fucoxanthin (FX), siphonaxanthin (SX), and their potential application as ingredients in cosmeceuticals industries. PE is a form of a marine bioactive protein called phycobiliprotein, which is primarily present in red seaweed, such as Halymenia sp., Euchema sp., Gelidium pusillum, Gracilaria verrucose, etc. The main xanthophyll carotenoid found in brown seaweed, such as Padina australis, Sargassum horneri, Undaria pinnativida, etc., is FX. Following that, SX is a rare xanthophyll carotenoid that is prevalent in green seaweed, including Codium fragile, Halimeda sp., etc. An epoxide and a bond of allenic are both present in the structure of FX, whereas these moieties are absent in the SPX structure. Generally, there are two main techniques to extract these biopigments: the conventional method (liquid solvent extraction), and the non-conventional. Furthermore, due to their antioxidant, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, etc. activities, PE, FX, and SX demonstrated strong potential as cosmetic activities. These biopigments are being explored as possible components for cutting-edge cosmeceuticals. There is still a need for additional research to assess the safety, effectiveness, and actual possible alternatives of using biopigments from seaweeds in the cosmeceutical business, despite the challenges of developing environmentally safer extraction techniques.
Evaluation of Body Scrub from Boergesenia forbesii and Kaempferia galanga
Authors: Yanuarti R , Nurfitriyana  , Pratama G , Kurniawan I D
Published: December 2022

The use of cosmetics at this time prioritizes natural ingredients over synthetic materials. The materials that are often used and become potential are green seaweed and rhizomes. Boergesenia forbesii and Kaempferia galanga are two natural ingredients with bioactive content that is good for human skin. The combination of these two natural materials has never been studied. This study aims to evaluate the best formulation of body scrub preparations from these two natural ingredients. In this study, the ratio of B. forbesii and K. galanga was 1:1 (cream R1), 1:2 (cream R2), 2:1 (cream R3), and control (no added natural ingredients) (cream R0). The cream preparations were evaluated by viscosity, emulsion type, stability (emulsion), skin moisture, and irritation test. Viscosity values in cream preparations ranged from 22,500 cPs to 34,600 cPs. All the treatment belongs to the type of water soluble oil (O/W). Cream R3 was the best for the stability of emulsion (88.89%). The skin moisture parameter for R0, R1, R2, and R3 were 40.44%, 52.75%, 54.34%, and 57.55%, respectively. Based on the results of the irritation test on the skin (for all treatments), there were no volunteers who experienced signs of irritation such as rash, itching, and edema. So, the best formulation was cream R3, based on the evaluation of all parameters.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Edible Film Incorporated with Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized using Rhizophora mucronata Extract
Authors: Nurdiani R , Prihanto A A , Firdaus M , Jashinta R B , Fadhlurrohman M F , Salsabila S , Athariq F , Huda N , Talib R A
Published: December 2022

Edible film is an alternative packaging material to replace plastic. Protecting the product from oxidation processes and microbiological activities is one of its functions. One of the biopolymers used for the base of the edible film is fish gelatine from Pangasius sp. skin. Silver nanoparticles from Rhizophora mucronata were added to increase the edible film’s antioxidant and antibacterial ability. This study aims to determine the effect of silver nanoparticles from Rhizophora mucronata on the edible film‘s antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The method used in the research was the experimental method with five treatments of silver nanoparticles from Rhizophora mucronata concentration (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%). A statistical approach used was Simplex Lattice Design. Antioxidants and antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. Staphylococcus aureus) of edible films were analysed. The results showed that the different concentrations of silver nanoparticles from Rhizophora mucronata significantly affected edible films’ antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activities of enriched edible film ranged from 41,085% to 66,815%. Weak antibacterial activities of the edible film were recorded for three bacteria species: Salmonella sp. 0.07mm-0.26mm; Escherichia coli 0.215mm-0.575mm; Staphylococcus aureus 0.33mm-0.44mm. The optimum concentration of silver nanoparticles from Rhizophora mucronata was 5.96%.
Utilization of Biang Fish (Ilisha elongata) as Raw Material for Flavoring Powder
Authors: Sumarto  , Suparmi  , Hidayati A
Published: December 2022

The prickly fish is a marine fish with a flat body, many fine spines, a flavorful texture, and a delicious and savory taste. This study aims to analyze several formulations of fish meat to determine the chemical composition of the fish-based flavoring powder and other composite materials. The processing ingredients for the flavoring powder are fish meal (60-80%), onion flour, garlic flour, salt, sugar, white pepper powder, and turmeric powder. The research approach includes the manufacture of fish seasoning flavoring powder with various treatments, including control treatment (without fish, F0), the use of 60% prickly fish powder (F1), 70% prickly fish powder (F2), and 80% prickly fish powder (F3). The best results showed that the formulation was 70% fish meal with 35g shallot flour, 25g garlic flour, 30g salt, 6g sugar, 2g white pepper powder, and 2g turmeric powder. Characteristics of the quality of the product of the fish-based flavoring powder have a moisture of 3.61%, protein content of 38.49%, a fat of 3.75%, an ash content of 20.72%, a carbohydrates content of 33.43%, a salt content (NaCl) of 31.43%. This research shows that prickly fish has a high potential to be used as a natural flavoring product as a substitute for MSG in food products.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite of Cockle Shells (Anadara granosa) Originated from Indonesia Through Precipitation Method
Authors: Sinurat E , Dewi F R , Fransiska D , Nurbayasari R
Published: December 2022

The precipitation method successfully synthesized cockle shells into a highly valuable biomaterial in the present investigation. The present work aimed to determine the effect of the technical approach; (1) calcination temperatures of calcium oxide preparation and (2) sintering time of HA synthesis. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis revealed that the cockle shells were calcined at 600 – 1000 °C for 3 hours and had a fine CaO powder. Thus, those sintering temperature is used as the starting point for the calcination of cockle shells. The calcinated CaO powder was then analyzed. The analysis conducted includes yield, functional group analysis using FT-IR, morphological analysis using SEM, and analysis of the composition of Carbon (C), Calcium (Ca), Oxygen (O), and Phosphor (P). Furthermore, hydroxyapatite synthesis (HA) was done with three different sintering times (2, 4, and 6 hours) at 800 °C. The characterized HA was functional group morphology, major elemental in the apatite constituents, and the crystallinity degree. Obtained the optimum temperature result for calcinated at a temperature of 800 °C. The results of HA synthesis obtained by HA quality have approached commercial HA products judging from the composition of Ca, O, and P, but the quality still includes type B of commercial HA. The HA particles obtained are micro-sized, which is 304 nm at a temperature sintering of 800 °C for 4 hours. The micro-sized allows a by-product of cockle shells as raw material HA to be applied as a futuristic biomaterial in bone/teeth implants.
Nutritional characteristics of sea urchin (Diadema setosum) in Bungus, West Sumatera Province
Authors: Karnila R , Iriani D , Shaarani S Md , Yunus A A , Salma R
Published: December 2022

Sea urchin is a food that has high nutrition for consumption and sale. Utilization of the gonad Diadema setosum as a food ingredient because it has high nutritional value, such as food additives, fermented products, and body health. Sea urchin gonad components consist of amino acids that are beneficial in various fields of health, especially in increasing the immune system. This study aims to obtain the value of the proportion and chemical composition of sea urchins gonad. The research method consisted of two stages, namely: 1) Preparation of sea urchin gonadal flour and 2) Proximate analysis of sea urchins gonad. Parameters observed consisted of morphology, proportion of sea urchins, and proximate sea urchins. The results showed that 7 cm diameter sea urchins had a proportion value of 11.11% shell and 4.44% gonad. The chemical composition of sea urchins gonad is moisture content 74.54%, ash content 17.44% (db), protein content 58.96% (db), fat content 20.31% (db), and carbohydrates 3.30% (db).
Length frequency distribution, growth, and condition factor of the endemic cyprinid fish Poropuntius tawarensis, in Lake Laut Tawar, Central Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Fahma F , Sulistiono S , Kamal M M
Published: December 2022

The Poropuntius tawarensis fish is an endemic fish of the family Cyprinidae found in Laut Tawar Lake, and has been listed on the Red List. This study aims to reveal the frequency of length distribution, growth patterns and condition factors of the fish in the lake as basic information for conservation. The study was conducted from January to May 2022 in the Laut Tawar Lake of Central Aceh. Sampling was conducted at four sampling sites based on representative activities on the lake. The location of the study was determined based on differences in environmental characteristics, namely Station 1 (Teluk One-One), Station 2 (Bewang), Station 3 (Gegarang) and Station 4 (Kebayakan). The results showed that the fish at Bewang Station was relatively higher in terms of the frequency of the length distribution. The growth pattern of male and female fish was negative allometric (b<3).The condition factor of the three stations was relatively the same ranging from 0.94 to 1.39, but it was different from the one-one station with a condition factor of 0.01.The value of the condition factor that can be obtained had insignificant differences every month, namely 1.12±0.38 (January), 1.00±0.49 (February), 0.93±0.55 (March), 0.85±0.59 (April), and 1.17±0.32 (May).
Morphometric Surface Dimension Analysis of Three Different Oxbow Lakes in Lubuk Siam Village
Authors: Fauzi M , Hendrizal A , Amin B
Published: December 2022

Oxbow lake is usually formed in a meandering river. Lubuk Siam village is one of the places passed by the Kampar River, which has a meander shape. In this study, there are three oxbow lakes to be studied: Lubuk Siam, Selat Panjang, and Putus. Morphometric Surface Dimension data was collected by using geographical information system (GIS). It was then analyzed using GIS data processing software. The results showed that Lake Putus has the most significant area compared to the other two lakes adjacent to each other. The size of Lake Putus is 22.99 Ha. The results showed that three of these lakes’ shoreline development index (SDI) value is less than 1. This SDI value shows that the shape of the lake is regular. The lake’s regular shape indicates the lake’s low productivity as a result of a low number of nutrient inputs.
Observing Mollusca Benthic Diversity to Measure the Success of the Implementation of Mulung Culture as an Effort to Conserve Aquatics in the Waters of Lapang-Batang Island, Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara.
Authors: Plaimo P E , Wabang I L , Dollu E A , Hendrizal A , Alelang I F
Published: December 2022

Mulung culture from an ecological perspective is to allows the environment to recover, traditionally. Mulung is a customary process, related to the closure of water areas for the extraction of aquatic resources. The impact of the implementation of the Mulung cultural tradition, the population of resources increases. This study aims to determine the benthic mollusk community in the Mulung area to measure the success rate of Mulung implementation. This information is needed as a starting point for sustainable fisheries development. This research uses the quadratic transect method and free collection. Then, the community structure was calculated using the diversity index, species evenness, species richness, and species density value, then continued by observing the quantitative similarity between locations calculated by the similarity index. The results showed that the species composition of benthic mollusks found in the Mulung area was 32 species, with a total of 261 individuals. The benthic mollusks that lived in the Mulung area had a Diversity Index (H’) value of 3.12 high category, Richness Index Value (R) of 5.75 is classified as high, the value of the evenness index of species (E) is 0.90, the evenness level of benthic mollusks is high and stable, the value of the dominance index (C) is 0.1, in the category no species dominates. The highest relative abundance of benthic Mollusca species overall with a value of 46.15% was owned by Ornopsis glanni species and the lowest relative abundance was Cypraea moneta, 6.90% value, the highest species density value with a value of 2.53 ind/m2, namely Ornopsis glanni and the lowest species density value is Diodora mississipppiensis, the value is 0.12 ind/m2. Meanwhile, the overall density of benthic Mollusca species obtained during the study was 17.40 ind/m2.
The impact of mining activities on sediment quality in the seafloor around Southeast of Sulawesi
Authors: Helfinalis  , Edward  , Rugebregt M J , Budiyanto F
Published: December 2022

Research of heavy metals content in sediments was carried out in April 2006 on the bottom sea of Buton, Kabaena, and Muna islands. This study was aimed to determine the content of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and to predict the quality of the sediments by employing indices analysis. Sediment samples were taken using a grab at 8 stations. Heavy metal content was analyzed using AAS. Three indices are exercised to analyze the metal content in the sediment, that are contamination factors, geoaccumulation index, and pollution load index. The computation of contamination factors showed an average value of less than 1, namely Pb= 0.236, Cd= 0.269, Cu= 0.048, Zn= 0.346, and Ni= 0.986. Meanwhile, the geoaccumulation index values were less than 1, the value for Pb= -3.836, Cd= -2.878, Cu= - 5.061, Zn= -2.430, and Ni= -1.002. The pollution load index value is 0.201. These values which were less than 1 implied low level of pollution in the area. Thus, according to the analysis, the sediments in these three waters are still natural and not polluted.
Occurrence of organochlorine residues in surface water and mussel Corbicula sumatrana from Lake Singkarak, West Sumatera
Authors: Ibrahim A , Syawal M S , Ardiwinata A N , Supriyono E , Taufik I , Yoga G P
Published: December 2022

Organochlorine is a synthetic pesticide that has been banned in many countries because of its high persistence in the environment and can accumulate in animals. The goal of our study was to determine the level of organochlorine residues in surface water and in the mussel Corbicula sumatrana of Lake Singkarak. Water and mussel samples were collected from 10 sampling sites of Lake Singkarak, Batu Taba, Sumpur, Guguk Malalo, Ombilin, Tikalak, Sumani, Saniang Baka, Muaro Pingai, Paninggahan, and Tanjung Mutuih, respectively in June 2021. Water and mussel samples were extracted and analyzed with gas chromatography. The result of our study revealed the occurrence of Lindan (7 μg/L) in the surface water of Tikalak, and also Aldrin (3 μg/L) in the surface water of Tikalak, Sumani, and Ombilin. Organochlorine residue compounds were also detected in mussels of five sampling sites (Tikalak, Sumani, Muaro Pingai, Paninggahan, and Tanjung Mutuih). Mussels of Tikalak contain compounds namely Dieldrin, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and Endosulfan with levels of 2 μg/kg, 6 μg/kg, and 3 μg/kg, respectively. Dieldrin was also detected at Sumani (2 μg/kg), Muaro Pingai (4 μg/kg), and Paninggahan (10 μg/kg). DDT was also detected at Tanjung Mutuih at a level of 3 μg/kg. Other compounds such as Heptachlor and Endrin were not detected both in surface water and in mussel from all sampling sites studied. The results indicate that organochlorine residue can still be found in the environment, with its level in mussels being higher than in surface water.