bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disease Progression of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Modeling Using Machine Learning (Preprint)
Authors: Pičulin Matej , Smole Tim , Žunkovič Bojan , Kokalj Enja , Robnik-Šikonja Marko , Kukar Matjaž , Fotiadis Dimitrios I , Pezoulas Vasileios C , Tachos Nikolaos S , Barlocco Fausto , Mazzarotto Francesco , Popović Dejana , Maier Lars S , Velicki Lazar , Olivotto Iacopo , MacGowan Guy A , Jakovljević Djordje G , Filipović Nenad , Bosnić Zoran
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular disorders in general are responsible for 30% of deaths worldwide. Among them, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disease that is present in about 1 of 500 young adults and can cause sudden cardiac death (SCD).

OBJECTIVE

Although the current state-of-the-art methods model the risk of SCD for patients, to the best of our knowledge, no methods are available for modeling the patient's clinical status up to 10 years ahead. In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning (ML)-based tool for predicting disease progression for patients diagnosed with HCM in terms of adverse remodeling of the heart during a 10-year period.

METHODS

The method consisted of 6 predictive regression models that independently predict future values of 6 clinical characteristics: left atrial size, left atrial volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association functional classification, left ventricular internal diastolic diameter, and left ventricular internal systolic diameter. We supplemented each prediction with the explanation that is generated using the Shapley additive explanation method.

RESULTS

The final experiments showed that predictive error is lower on 5 of the 6 constructed models in comparison to experts (on average, by 0.34) or a consortium of experts (on average, by 0.22). The experiments revealed that semisupervised learning and the artificial data from virtual patients help improve predictive accuracies. The best-performing random forest model improved R2 from 0.3 to 0.6.

CONCLUSIONS

By engaging medical experts to provide interpretation and validation of the results, we determined the models' favorable performance compared to the performance of experts for 5 of 6 targets.
A New Performance Metric to Estimate the Risk of Exposure to Infection in a Health Care Setting: Descriptive Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hadian Kimia , Fernie Geoff , Roshan Fekr Atena
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Despite several measures to monitor and improve hand hygiene (HH) in health care settings, health care-acquired infections (HAIs) remain prevalent. The measures used to calculate HH performance are not able to fully benefit from the high-resolution data collected using electronic monitoring systems.

OBJECTIVE

This study proposes a novel parameter for quantifying the HAI exposure risk of individual patients by considering temporal and spatial features of health care workers’ HH adherence.

METHODS

Patient exposure risk is calculated as a function of the number of consecutive missed HH opportunities, the number of unique rooms visited by the health care professional, and the time duration that the health care professional spends inside and outside the patient’s room without performing HH. The patient exposure risk is compared to the entrance compliance rate (ECR) defined as the ratio of the number of HH actions performed at a room entrance to the total number of entrances into the room. The compliance rate is conventionally used to measure HH performance. The ECR and the patient exposure risk are analyzed using the data collected from an inpatient nursing unit for 12 weeks.

RESULTS

The analysis of data collected from 59 nurses and more than 25,600 records at a musculoskeletal rehabilitation unit at the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, KITE, showed that there is no strong linear relation between the ECR and patient exposure risk (r=0.7, P<.001). Since the ECR is calculated based on the number of missed HH actions upon room entrance, this parameter is already included in the patient exposure risk. Therefore, there might be scenarios that these 2 parameters are correlated; however, in several cases, the ECR contrasted with the reported patient exposure risk. Generally, the patients in rooms with a significantly high ECR can be potentially exposed to a considerable risk of infection. By contrast, small ECRs do not necessarily result in a high patient exposure risk. The results clearly explained the important role of the factors incorporated in patient exposure risk for quantifying the risk of infection for the patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Patient exposure risk might provide a more reliable estimation of the risk of developing HAIs compared to ECR by considering both the temporal and spatial aspects of HH records.
One Way to Make Cause-Related Marketing Successful: Gamification (Preprint)
Authors: Li Yanhe , Li Yanchen , Zhou Xiu , Ma Kunshu
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Successful cause-related marketing (CRM) campaigns can help companies stand out from their competitors, however, CRM may not have pleasant outcomes, even if invested substantially.

OBJECTIVE

This research is aimed to investigate how gamified CRM projects influence consumers’ favorability.

METHODS

We introduced three different CRM projects in three studies respectively. Every project was performed in two versions according to the level of gamification and subjects were randomly assigned into these two groups. Additionally, we employed a 2 (gamification: lower, higher) x2 (rules presentation: without visual cues, with visual cues) between-subject design to test the moderation role of rules presentation in gamified CRM projects.

RESULTS

Three studies provided converging evidence that gamified CRM projects can positively influence consumers' enjoyment and their favorability towards the projects. Moreover, our results also showed that in a gamified CRM program, the gamification-enjoyment-favorability effect was moderated by how game rules were presented. When the rules were presented with visual cues, consumers tended to perceive more enjoyment and perform higher favorability than without visual cues.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, this research contributes to the cause-related marketing literature and suggests gamification is an effective way of managing cause-related marketing campaigns.
The Need for Standards Unification in Forensic Laboratory Practices: Protocol for Setting Up the Arab Forensic Laboratories Accreditation Center (Preprint)
Authors: AlMazroua Maha K , Mahmoud Naglaa F
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

 Despite the recent trend toward developing and applying quality control measures in the forensic science disciplines, there is a heightened interest to efforts to ameliorate disparate quality among laboratories through the enforcement of standards and best practices.

OBJECTIVE

 This protocol aims to set up the Arab Forensic Laboratories Accreditation Center (AFLAC) to act as a key driving legal force for accreditation of the different forensic laboratories in the Arab region.

METHODS

 Upon its development, the Forensic Laboratory-Arabian Gate (FLAG) platform will serve as a preliminary stage for the AFLAC, and 2 preparatory steps will be achieved through the FLAG platform: the first one is a scoping study to analyze the international guidelines regarding the forensic laboratory practices in different specialties, and the second one is mapping surveys to explore how the international and national guidelines are translated into practice in Arab forensic laboratories. Development of the Arab forensic laboratories accreditation center will be initiated by building the AFLAC quality management system, which comprises formation of the forensic science committees to achieve the standards required for accreditation in each discipline. This will be followed by the attainment of regional accreditation recognition of the Arab Accreditation Cooperation (ARAC) and the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation. This recognition necessitates achieving International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission 17011 standard requirements prior to official application to the ARAC.

RESULTS

 The first phase of our work (the FLAG platform) began in February 2022 and is expected to end in December 2022. The FLAG platform was proposed to the Arab Society of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine in March 2022, and we received approval to host this web development project. Subsequent phases are anticipated to begin in January 2023 and are expected to end in 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

 This work describes our approach to provide a valuable tool for forensic laboratory accreditation services to promote the best practice and its consistency in the field of forensic sciences in the Arab region.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/36778
Etiopathogenetic features of hyperprolactinemia in childhood
Authors: Abaturov O.E. , Nikulina H.O. , Rusakova O.O.
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the problem of hyperprolactinemia in children remains relevant because it is one of the most common pathologies of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, causing impaired fertility and reproductive function in adulthood. According to population studies, its incidence is 0.5 % in females, exceeding this figure in males by 10 times. Prolactin has: immunomodulatory effect, enhancing lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytic capacity of macrophages, IgA synthesis; analgesic effect; promotes postnatal growth of the body by inducing the activity of genes associated with growth; activates the proliferation of keratinocytes, epithelial cells of the prostate; participates in the regulation of metabolism, water-electrolyte balance, inhibiting the excretion of potassium and sodium ions by the kidneys; influences human behavior by accelerating neurogenesis, memory, learning and providing neuroprotection; induces surfactant production; stimulates lipogenesis. Prolactin levels increase due to physiological hyperestrogenemia, which blocks the inhibitory effect of dopamine on prolactin secretion and occurs during lactation, pregnancy and some other physiological states. Pathological hyperprolactinemia occurs in children with secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, organic lesions of the suprasellar area of the brain and may be secondary (symptomatic). In the etiological structure of hyperprolactinemia syndrome, the largest proportion (60 %) in children and adolescents belongs to prolactinomas (pituitary adenomas that secrete prolactin), idiopathic hyperprolactinemia (22.7 %) and iatrogenic hyperprolactinemia induced by 6 drugs (4 % of cases). Given that the lion’s share of hyperprolactinemia in childhood is associated with the presence of pituitary prolactinoma, characterized by latent gradual progression of reproductive disorders, growth processes and neurological symptoms, the objective of this article is to focus on the pleiotropic effects of prolactin in the body, which controls more than 300 biological functions, epidemiological, etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms, on the features of the clinical classification of hyperprolactinemia to form a modern understanding of this problem.
Modern approaches to the surgical treatment of varicocele in childhood
Authors: Vernihora D.H. , Dihtiar V.A.
Published: February 2022

In the structure of male infertility, varicocele is being detected in 30–40 % cases of primary infertility, and in 80 % cases of secondary infertility. At the age of 10 years during the screening, only 1 % of boys have a varicocele, but in the pubertal period this figure increases to 15–20 %. Indications for surgery in childhood differ from those in adults, since grade III varicocele must be associated with ipsilateral testicular atrophy more than 20 % compared to contralateral, or combined with pain. Surgical methods of varicocele treatment are different. Discussions are ongoing regarding the choice of ligation of the internal spermatic vein. There is no general agreement on the technique of surgical intervention. There are about 100 different methods of internal spermatic vein ligation in the world, the most popular of which are the retroperitoneal approach according to Palomo, transinguinal access according to Ivanissevich, subinguinal ligation according to Marmar, vascular embolization and laparoscopic suprainguinal approach. Currently, there is no gold standard for surgical treatment of varicocele in pediatric surgery in contrast to adulthood, where microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy has already become a classic method of intervention. This is due to a lower complication rate compared to high ligation. Subinguinal varicocelectomy can sometimes lead to testicular atrophy due to damage to the testicular artery, which is difficult to visualize during surgery. In childhood, Marmar operation is complicated by the small size of the spermatic cord structures, which requires the search for new methods of intraoperative visualization of vascular structures. In this article, intratesticular injection of 1% methylene blue was used for lymphatic vascular contrast and indirect visualization of the testicular artery, which allows for the use of subinguinal varicocelectomy in adolescents.
Clinical case of fulminant hepatitis in a child with hepatolenticular degeneration
Authors: Nesina I.M. , Kryuchko T.O. , Poda O.A. , Kovalenko L.A. , Pavlenko M.O.
Published: February 2022

The article presents a detailed analysis of the diagnostic search for Wilson’s disease in childhood. Polymorphism of clinical symptoms of the disease has led to various descriptions of this pathology and its manifestations. Despite more than a century of experience in studying the peculiarities of hepatolenticular degeneration, at the present stage the diagnosis of the disease, especially in children, remains a difficult issue. According to the literature data, there are no characteristic symptoms and typical clinical picture of this disease, which is the reason for the late diagnosis of this pathology in children. The earlier treatment is started, especially if at the preclinical stage, the higher is the efficacy and the more favorable the prognosis will be observed. The article summarizes information about the objective difficulties of proper diagnosis of this disease. In a specific clinical case presented in the article, the onset of hepatolenticular degeneration arose in the form of fulminant hepatitis with the development of acute liver failure, in which cytolysis of hepatocytes led to the release of copper that increased the content of the microelement in the blood. Particular attention should be paid to the symptoms that should alert the practitioner to Wilson’s disease, exactly such as the presence of jaundice of unknown origin, bleeding gums or multiple ecchymoses on the skin of the chest and back, a specific type of stripes (white, periodically changing color to reddish-blue) on thighs and axillary areas; hormonal disorders in the form of amenorrhea or dysmenorrhea in girls, as well as decreased intelligence and mental changes in the form of mood swings, or attacks of aggression, problems with school performance. Particular attention is paid to the role of an edema-ascites syndrome, in the absence of signs of portal hypertension, which is a pathognomonic sign of the onset of abdominal hepatolenticular degeneration, which is associated with early liver dysfunction.
Результати ретроспективного аналізу застосування нормального внутрішньовенного імуноглобуліну людини у високій дозі для лікування імунозалежної енцефалопатії з клінічною картиною розладів аутистичного спектра в дітей з генетичним дефіцитом фолатного циклу
Authors: Maltsev D.V.
Published: February 2022

Актуальність. Раніше неодноразово повідомлялося про ефективність внутрішньовенної імуноглобулінотерапії в деяких дітей з розладами аутистичного спектра (РАС) без уточнення критеріїв відбору потенційних респондентів на імунотерапію. Мета: оцінити ефективність і безпечність 6-місячного курсу високодозової імуноглобулінотерапії при імунозалежній енцефалопатії з клінічною картиною РАС у дітей з генетичним дефіцитом фолатного циклу (ГДФЦ). Матеріали та методи. Досліджувану групу (ДГ) ретроспективного аналізу становили 225 дітей віком від 2 до 9 років із РАС, асоційованим із ГДФЦ, які отримували імуноглобулін внутрішньовенно в дозі 2 г/кг/міс протягом 6 місяців. До контрольної групи (КГ) увійшли діти з РАС, асоційованим із ГДФЦ, з аналогічним розподілом за віком і статтю, які отримували лише немедикаментозну реабілітаційну підтримку. Методом полімеразної ланцюгової реакції з рестрикцією виявляли такі патогенні поліморфізми, як MTHFR 677 C>T, MTHFR 1298 A>C, MTRR A>G і MTR A>G у різних комбінаціях. Динаміку психіатричних симптомів оцінювали за шкалою Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). Результати. Вірогідне покращення за шкалою ABC було досягнуто в 199 із 225 дітей ДГ (88% випадків; p < 0,05; Z < Z0,05). Паралельно відзначали позитивну динаміку інших клінічних проявів фенотипу ГДФЦ: PANS/PITANDS/PANDAS (у 27 із 32 % випадків; p < 0,05; Z < Z0,05), епілепсії (у 33 із 43% випадків; p < 0,05; Z < Z0,05) та шлунково-кишкового синдрому (у 69 із 82 % випадків; p < 0,05; Z< Z0,05). Позитивної динаміки з боку симптомів ураження пірамідного та мозочкового трактів зареєстровано не було (p > 0,05; Z > Z0,05). Досягнуто зниження загального герпесвірусного навантаження та збільшення абсолютної кількості природних кілерів (NK) у периферичній крові (p<0,05; Z < Z0,05). Майже повне зникнення МР-симптомів лейкоенцефалопатії спостерігалося в 69 із 88 % випадків у ДГ (p < 0,05; Z< Z0,05). Висновки. Внутрішньовенний імуноглобулін у високій дозі справляє комплексний полімодальний позитивний вплив на прояви ГДФЦ, включаючи РАС, екстрапірамідні порушення, обсесивно-компульсивний синдром, епілептиформну активність кори головного мозку, імунозапальне ураження кишечника, дефіцит NK-клітин і лейкоенцефалопатію.
Audiencias y algoritmos: comunicación de la ciencia en Internet
Authors: Cruz-Mendoza Erick , Calderón-Mazzotti Irene
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar audiencias conformadas por usuarios de Internet que comparten intereses en temas de comunicación de la ciencia. Para ello se diseña una muestra orientada de sitios de Internet en donde se ofertan contenidos de comunicación científica para conocer cómo se relacionan las audiencias que consumen estos contenidos a partir de los datos (cookies) que los usuarios generan cuando navegan y construyen recorridos algorítmicos. El análisis de audiencias se basa en la extracción de datos de acceso público y se realiza con el software Alexa. Al mostrar una ruta para identificar a las audiencias que comparten intereses en esta temática se pretende que los emisores (instituciones, colectivos o personas) conozcan mejor a sus seguidores de Internet y, por ende, tengan más información para construir mejores contenidos.
Blockchain en la educación: su uso en credenciales académicas
Authors: Mata Hernández José Miguel , Avendaño Cruz Sandra
Published: February 2022

A través de la tecnología de la cadena de bloques (blockchain) es posible solucionar problemas como la emisión, la agilización y la realización de acreditaciones académicas de una forma íntegra, práctica y eficiente. La aplicación de esta tecnología en la educación y por parte de universidades generaría acreditaciones académicas donde el estudiante sea dueño de su credencial y que ésta sea verificable, única, infalsificable, portable, descargable y emitida en poco tiempo.
Filosofía para niños y adolescentes desde la neuroeducación
Authors: Rubalcava Gámez Axel , Hernández Adame Pablo Luis
Published: February 2022

En este artículo, primeramente, se explica de manera concisa la dualidad sociedad-educación, que conlleva que los cambios sociales impactan gradualmente en los educativos y viceversa, dichos cambios dan origen a proyectos tanto sociales como educativos, de estos últimos se describen dos que han sido revolucionarios en las últimas décadas, por un lado, la Filosofía para niños y adolescentes de Matthew Lipman y Ann Margaret Sharp, y por el otro, la Neuroeducación. Después, se comprende el primer proyecto educativo mencionado desde los hallazgos científicos del segundo. Finalmente, se plantea la cuestión de que, si se puede hablar del surgimiento de un nuevo paradigma que podría denominarse Neuroeducación Filosófica o Neurofilosofía para niños y adolescentes o simplemente hablar de ambos proyectos educativos por separado, pero sin dejar de lado la comprensión hecha de uno sobre la mirada del otro.
Image Compression Techniques with LZW method
Authors: Kaur Harjit
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Image compression is a technique which is used to reduce the size of the data. In other words, it means to remove the extra data from the available by applying some techniques and tricks which makes the data easy for storing and transmitting it over the transmission medium. The compression techniques are broadly divided into two categories. First one is Lossy Compression in which some of the data is lost while compressing it and second technique is lossless technique in which data is not lost after compressing it. These compression techniques can be applied on different image formats. This review paper compares the different compression techniques. Keywords: lossy, lossless, image formats, compression techniques.
Smart Microwave Oven
Authors: Gupta Yash
Published: February 2022

Abstract: In this study paper, I'd want to present a straightforward answer to the challenges that users of microwaves encounter in today's world. And, since its inception, this equipment has performed wonders in the realm of food, making cooking so simple and quick for consumers, particularly beginners. And it is updated on a daily basis to make it more efficient and smart, so I hope that by taking this simple step, I can make the gadget safer and wiser. Cooking is essential for any human being to exist in our planet since no food can be consumed uncooked. As a result, cooking is now regarded an art since any adjustments and crafting may be done to make it seem beautiful. That it attracts the individual who needs to eat. However, it may become a laborious task for a variety of reasons, the most common of which are time-consuming processes. Keywords: Microwave, LCD LED, Relay, Sensors, In-out Tray.
MOOCs: A New Means of Higher Learning
Authors: Roy Mr. Akash
Published: February 2022

Abstract: MOOCs are an innovative way to conduct teaching-learning in online, with the help of internet technology. The objectives of the study are to Know about the user friendly characteristics of MOOCS. Know the role of MOOCS as an alternative to traditional education, role of MOOCs in higher education. Explore the benefits of MOOCS and to know about the disadvantages of MOOCS. It is a qualitative research. The study is conducted on the bases of researcher observation and critically analysis of the providing facilities of MOOCS in higher education. MOOCs is so popular because it is based on learner centered pedagogy, select learner interest topic, Value oriented, Language is no barrier here, globally use, any time anywhere, Learning is so enjoyable. MOOCs are no alternative to traditional formal education but it is modified then traditional learning. The special role of MOOCs in higher education is it is a free platform, Access for all, Professional development, Provide new courses. Including above benefits there are some limitations of MOOCs are- absence of physical classroom, absence of teacher physical interaction, Here individual attention by the teacher is absent, in remote area where internet connection is week where it is a big problem, most courses are provided by English that’s why language is one of the barriers, to assessment the students is difficult, interaction with teacher and other students is less. Keywords: advantages, disadvantages, higher learning, MOOCs, online learning.
Dissipative Floquet Dynamics: from Steady State to Measurement Induced Criticality in Trapped-ion Chains
Authors: Sierant Piotr , Chiriacò Giuliano , Surace Federica M. , Sharma Shraddha , Turkeshi Xhek , Dalmonte Marcello , Fazio Rosario , Pagano Guido
Published: February 2022

Quantum systems evolving unitarily and subject to quantum measurements exhibit various types of non-equilibrium phase transitions, arising from the competition between unitary evolution and measurements. Dissipative phase transitions in steady states of time-independent Liouvillians and measurement induced phase transitions at the level of quantum trajectories are two primary examples of such transitions. Investigating a many-body spin system subject to periodic resetting measurements, we argue that many-body dissipative Floquet dynamics provides a natural framework to analyze both types of transitions. We show that a dissipative phase transition between a ferromagnetic ordered phase and a paramagnetic disordered phase emerges for long-range systems as a function of measurement probabilities. A measurement induced transition of the entanglement entropy between volume law scaling and sub-volume law scaling is also present, and is distinct from the ordering transition. The two phases correspond to an error-correcting and a quantum-Zeno regimes, respectively. The ferromagnetic phase is lost for short range interactions, while the volume law phase of the entanglement is enhanced. An analysis of multifractal properties of wave function in Hilbert space provides a common perspective on both types of transitions in the system. Our findings are immediately relevant to trapped ion experiments, for which we detail a blueprint proposal based on currently available platforms.
On the Hardness of PAC-learning Stabilizer States with Noise
Authors: Gollakota Aravind , Liang Daniel
Published: February 2022

We consider the problem of learning stabilizer states with noise in the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) framework of Aaronson (2007) for learning quantum states. In the noiseless setting, an algorithm for this problem was recently given by Rocchetto (2018), but the noisy case was left open. Motivated by approaches to noise tolerance from classical learning theory, we introduce the Statistical Query (SQ) model for PAC-learning quantum states, and prove that algorithms in this model are indeed resilient to common forms of noise, including classification and depolarizing noise. We prove an exponential lower bound on learning stabilizer states in the SQ model. Even outside the SQ model, we prove that learning stabilizer states with noise is in general as hard as Learning Parity with Noise (LPN) using classical examples. Our results position the problem of learning stabilizer states as a natural quantum analogue of the classical problem of learning parities: easy in the noiseless setting, but seemingly intractable even with simple forms of noise.
A-unital Operations and Quantum Conditional Entropy
Authors: Vempati Mahathi , Shah Saumya , Ganguly Nirman , Chakrabarty Indranil
Published: February 2022

Negative quantum conditional entropy states are key ingredients for information theoretic tasks such as superdense coding, state merging and one-way entanglement distillation. In this work, we ask: how does one detect if a channel is useful in preparing negative conditional entropy states? We answer this question by introducing the class of A-unital channels, which we show are the largest class of conditional entropy non-decreasing channels. We also prove that A-unital channels are precisely the completely free operations for the class of states with non-negative conditional entropy. Furthermore, we study the relationship between A-unital channels and other classes of channels pertinent to the resource theory of entanglement. We then prove similar results for ACVENN: a previously defined, relevant class of states and also relate the maximum and minimum conditional entropy of a state with its von Neumann entropy.
The definition of A-unital channels naturally lends itself to a procedure for determining membership of channels in this class. Thus, our work is valuable for the detection of resourceful channels in the context of conditional entropy.
FEM assessment of the procedures providing for a uniform crack shape in specimens for fracture toughness tested in full thickness
Authors: Filin V. Yu. , Mizetsky A. V. , Vinogradov O. P. , Sadkin K. E. , Nazarova E. D. , Poroshkov A. V. , Pyshkin D. A.
Published: February 2022

Acceptance tests of base metal and welded joints include the evaluation of critical CTOD values as required in product specifications. Tests have to be done in natural (full) thickness. For blanks made of pipes, quantitative criteria of satisfactory straightening and the fixture dimensions are developed. Satisfactory fatigue precrack front linearity can be attained with additional treatment. Local side compression appears efficient for the examined materials. Sequential FEM calculations of welding, side compression and specimen notching allow constructing the residual stress curves to predict fatigue crack extension. The optimum compression displacement is found. The above sequence of operations is proved to be preferable in comparison with side compression performed after notching.
High-temperature low-cycle fatigue of a heat-resistant alloy of the Co–Cr –Ni–W–Ta system obtained by additive manufacturing
Authors: Suhov D. I. , Hodinev I. A. , Monin S. A. , Ryzhkov P. V.
Published: February 2022

The results of fatigue tests of smooth cylindrical specimens with total deformation control under conditions of a symmetric cycle and elevated temperature are presented. The relationship between the values of the fatigue characteristics of the material with allowance for stresses, plastic deformation and the number of cycles to failure is considered. Comparison of deformation curves plotted from experimental data with deformation curves plotted by evaluative methods is presented.
A study of primary damage formation in collision cascades in titanium
Authors: Voskoboinikov R. E.
Published: February 2022

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were applied to study radiation damage formation in collision cascades initiated by primary knock-on atoms (PKA) with energy EРКА = 5, 10, 15 and 20 keV in α-Ti at T = 100, 300, 600 and 900 K ambient temperatures. A series of 24 collision cascades was simulated for each (EРКА, Т) pair. The necessary sampling set size was justified by a simple a posteriori procedure. The number of Frenkel pairs and the fraction of vacancies, εv, and self-interstitial atoms (SIAs), εiin point defect clusters were evaluated as functions of (EРКА, Т). It was established that collision cascades in α-Ti are extended along PKA trajectories and tend to split into subcascades. In contrast to other elemental metals with close-packed crystal structure, εv≥ εi in collision cascades in α-Ti. Moreover, both εvand εi௜demonstrate weak temperature dependence. This is anindirect indication that both vacancy and SIA clusters created in collision cascades in α-Ti are stable in the considered temperature range
Structural-phase state and defective sub-structure of low-carbon steel welds
Authors: Kryukov R. E. , Kozyrev N. A. , Gromov V. E. , Ivanov Yu. F. , Shliarova Yu. A.
Published: February 2022

The structural-phase state, defective substructure and fracture surface of welds made of low-carbon alloy steel obtained with and without a carbon-containing additive have been investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A quantitative analysis of the parameters of the structure and dislocation substructure of the weld metal is carried out, and the contributions of the scalar and excess dislocation density to the strength of welds are estimated. It is shown that high values of scalar and excess dislocation density in a weld formed without a carbon-containing additive in the flux can lead to material embrittlement.
The Relationship Between Trait Anxiety Levels And Future Expectations Of Young Individuals
Authors: Gönen Mevlüt , Öktem Tuncay
Published: February 2022

The future expectations of the youth of university-age can influence many of their decisions like the choice of university till their life plans. Many factors, including the psychological state, can affect the expectation for the future. In this study, the relationship between anxiety, which is one of the mentioned psychological factors, and future expectation was examined. A total of 1026 people from various cities of Turkey were enrolled in the special talent exam held by Bayburt University School of Physical Education and Sports. The state and trait anxiety scale developed by Spielberger and his friends was used.The Turkish reliability and validity study of the scale was conducted by Öner and Le Compte. The trait anxiety dimension of the related scale was used. The Future Visions Scale developed by Ginevra and his friends was used. The Turkish reliability and validity study of the scale was conducted by Akça and his friends. Research data were analyzed using SPSS 25 package program. As a result, there is a moderate negative relationship between the trait anxiety scores of all individuals participating in the research and the optimism and hope sub-dimensions of the future expectations scale, and a moderate positive relationship was found in the pessimism sub-dimension. In the correlation test according to gender, there is a negative moderate relationship in the optimism and hope sub-dimensions, and a positive moderate relationship in the pessimism sub-dimension in both female and male individuals. In the analysis made for another variable, the type of high school graduation, although there was a negative moderate relationship between trait anxiety and optimism and hope sub-dimensions, a positive moderate relationship was found with the pessimism sub-dimension.
Development Of A Simple Rapid Method For Determination Of Uric Acid Using UV Visible Spectroscopy
Authors: Induja C  , Loganathan M  , Shanmugasundaram S
Published: February 2022

Insect infestation is a major problem in the storage of food products and causes quality and quantity loss. The total weight loss of food products is about 10 per cent which occurs due to moisture loss, insect infestation, rodents, microorganism and birds during transportation and storage period. The insect infestation can be identified by detecting the presence of insect fragments, uric acid contamination, and quinone contamination. The uric acid can be determined by various instrumental methods but requires longer duration and high-tech equipment. The major objective of our study is to develop a simple rapid method to determine the uric acid content using UV-visible spectroscopy in the insect infested food materials. The rapid method is required for the food processing industries. A rapid method was developed to determine the uric acid with lesser time and accuracy. In the present study, a preceding method forms an unstable chromophore, whereas in case of a rapid method with UV-visible spectrophotometer, it was based on the formation of Prussian blue colour. The rapid method was validated with the preceding method. The R, R2 , standard error and DurbinWatson test values of preceding method were 0.996, 0.991, 0.000572 and 1.103 respectively, whereas the values for rapid method were 0.997, 0.994, 0.024806 and 1.713 respectively. The results of the analysis showed that, the rapid spectrophotometric method required less time of 20 minutes for analysis, whereas the preceding method required 40 minutes. The results of the study concluded that, the new rapid method is a simple and easy method to determine the uric acid content in a lesser time. The outcome of the result will help the food processing industries to utilize this simple rapid method for testing the uric acid analysis in the food products in a lesser time.
Pattern Of Traumatic And Non-Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries - A Hospital Based Study In Haryana
Authors: Sikka Gitanjali , Joginder Yadav  , Roop Singh  , Pawaria Sonia
Published: February 2022

The demographic characteristics and rehabilitation outcomes of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (T-SCI) have been extensively studied across the globe, whereas there has been limited research done on patients with non- traumatic spinal cord injury (NT-SCI). Studies observing the patterns and statistics of both T-SCI and NT-SCI are insufficient in developing countries, especially in India. Thereby, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the factors involved to improve the management of SCI. The aim of this study was to analyze the demographic profile and injury pattern of persons admitted with T-SCI and NT-SCI in a paraplegic rehabilitation center from August, 2015 to May, 2019. The injury pattern of 663 patients was observed in the present study, with ratio of T-SCI: NT-SCI of 4.30:1. Highest incidence of T-SCI and NT-SCI was found in the rural male population in the age group of 20-29 years and 30-39 years. Fracture and Pott’s spine disease with an incidence of 72.1% and 17.49% of SCI were primary etiologies for T-SCI and NT-SCI respectively, with maximum occurrence in the thoracolumbar region. On comparing T-SCI with NT-SCI based on the level of spinal injury, the ratio of TSCI: NT-SCI in cervical spine was 58.33:1; 1.89:1 in thoracic spine and 8.6:1 in lumbar spine. Lower percentage of cervical injuries and prevalence of thoracolumbar injuries in T-SCI category and prevalence of Pott’s disease in NT-SCI category, predict that demographic profile of both T-SCI as well as NT-SCI in India is different from developed countries. There is a need for upgradation of the first-aid services and rural health care facilities for effective management of injuries of cervical spine. Eradication of tuberculosis through definitive measures is the need of hour for prevention and effective management of NT-SCI.
Phenolic Rich Extract Of Finger Millet Bran Attenuates Lung Inflammation And Fibrosis In A Mouse Model Of Ovalbumin Induced Asthma
Authors: Milan Gowda M D  , Jayachandra K  , Siddesha J M  , Mohamed Jameel Noor , S. Vishwanath Bannikuppe
Published: February 2022

Asthma is a serious global health risk characterized by chronic airway inflammation of lungs with infiltration of inflammatory cells, enhanced mucus secretion and narrowing of airways that leads to poor respiratory functions. The clinical symptoms of asthma includes recurrent episodes of cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and chest tightness. One of the pathophysiology of asthma was mediated by overproduction of pro-inflammatory asthmatic leukotrienes through arachidonic acid pathway catalyzed phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzymes. The available conventional therapies to treat asthma may induce severe side effects on health and high cost. To overcome the disadvantages to treat asthma and to improve the current therapeutic strategy, we used natural products as an alternative therapy. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) has been used by folk and traditional medicinal practitioners to treat various inflammatory conditions. Previously, we have found the promising anti-inflammatory phytochemicals in finger millet bran (Fmb). Hence, aim of the present study was to identify and characterize anti-asthmatic phytochemicals from Fmb and the objective was to test its anti-inflammatory activity in ovalbumin induced asthma mouse model. Phytochemical analysis of Fmb revealed the presence of phenolics, saponins and anthraquinone. Among all the extracted fractions, finger millet bran methanol extract (FbMe) possessed strong in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting pro-inflammatory PLA2 and 5-LOX enzymes activity. Further, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of FbMe was evaluated in an ovalbumin induced asthma mouse model. FbMe (50 mg/kg) significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, lung fibrosis by reducing the deposition of collagen in the tissue. It also inhibited the PLA2 as well as 5-LOX enzymes activity in collected BAL fluid. This finding concludes the presence of strong anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic phenolic compounds in the FbMe, which attenuates the lung inflammation and fibrosis probably via inhibition of PLA2 and 5-LOX enzymes activity.
A Review On Electropsun Chitosan Fibers For Bone Tissue Defects
Authors: Siddiqui Nadeem , Karthik Kotikalapudi , Adapala Monica , Renuka Vemparala , Yashwanth Goudu , Golamar Siva Reddy
Published: February 2022

Bone tissue engineering has been an evolving field for decades in view of its intrinsic potential to regenerate and the necessity of repair in response to injuries or disorders. Scaffold implantation is one of the most applied techniques to overcome the donor crisis leading to bone regeneration using osteoinducible cells. Numerous combinations of scaffold composites are being designed in-order to achieve the maximum regeneration considering the parameters such as bio-compatibility, biodegradability osteo conductivity, mechanical strength and hydrophilicity that helps in the assessment of the possible negative impacts of the healing process. This review article concentrates on some of such composites where the chitosan, a natural polymer, is combined with the other biopolymers like synthetic and ceramic polymers at various concentrations and treatments reporting the desired results. The distinct characteristic of this review is that it focuses on the scaffolds that are completely Nano fibrous in nature fabricated by electro spinning. In this review, we reported the results of various combinations of chitosan and their significance. The ability to form (Calcium and Phosphate crystals-Biomineralization) is evident that chitosan combined with the other biopolymers can be contemplated as phenomenal scaffold as the used seed cells are clinically applied across the world â€“ human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs), human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB), etc. Apart from the in-vitro studies, the results of in-vivo experiments were also included in this article where the implantation targets the calvarial bone regeneration. Besides osteogenic differentiation, this article highlighted the prominent efficiency of the scaffolds to exhibit the antimicrobial activity and to act as drug delivery system when doped with components like AgNO3 , Chlorhexidine, ZnO and Amoxicillin, Sinapic acid respectively. Overall, in the current review, we tried to focus on consolidation of various results related to chitosan based nanofibers for bone tissue remodeling.
Analytical Method Development And Validation Parameters Of Drug Ivermectin
Authors: Goswami Sonia , K. Nagarajan  , Goel Richa , K. Dixit praveen , Saxena Vidhu , kumar chauhan Sanjeev , Kumar Vinay
Published: February 2022

An accurate, easy, detailed, selective and fast RP-HPLC stability representative technique was developed and validated for assessment of ivermectin in tablet dosage form. The Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic technique was developed for routine quantification of ivermectin in laboratory prepared mixtures as well as in combined dosage forms. The chromatographic separation was accomplished with INERTSIL C-18 ODS 250×4.6mm, 5µm particle size column along with acetonitrile and methanol as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1ml/min. Quantification was completed by using a UV detector at 245 nm and the run time was 10 minutes. The retention time was found to be 4.198 min for ivermectin. The linearity was observed in the range of 1-32µg/ml with correlation coefficient r= 0.9798. The % RSD for intraday and interday precision was 1.352 and 1.589 respectively. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be 2.93 and 8.79, respectively. The system suitability parameters for ivermectin such as theoretical plates and tailing factor were found to be 129.949 and 2.0, respectively. Robustness was also studied and there was no significant variation in the system suitability of the analytical method by incorporating small changes in experimental parameters. The technique has been validated for linearity, precision, accuracy and other parameters as approved by ICH guidelines. The results obtained by RP- HPLC methods are found to be fast, detailed, selective and accurate. Therefore, proposed analytical method can be used for regular analysis of ivermectin in injection, tablet and other formulations.
In Vitro Anti-Cancer Activity of Schiff Base 2,4-Dichloro-6-(P-Tolylimino-Methyl)-Phenol and Its Transition metal complexes.
Authors: K. Sirumalar  , Dr. A. Paulraj  , Johnpeter Dr. M. Paul , Sri Archana A. P. Mary , Arbaaz S. Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Cancer is the world's second-biggest cause of mortality, accounting for 9.6 million deaths in 2018, and the burden continues to rise. As a result, better newer medications with greater efficacy for the treatment of various tumours are clearly and urgently needed. Anticancer drugs have been grouped as chemotherapy, hormonal remedy and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy protected various categories of drugs, each defined by its chemical structure and mode of action, such as alkylating agents, antibiotics, antimetabolites, mitotic inhibitors, and others. Although this issue has been widely explored, Schiff bases, which are formed from the condensation reaction of aromatic/aliphatic aldehydes and amines and form stable complexes with various transition metal ions, are still of significant interest in inorganic chemistry. Schiff bases and their metal complexes are promising leads for both synthetic and structural research due to their relatively simple synthesis and structural diversity and have been widely investigated, due to their incredible chemical properties and applications in various areas. The chelating ability and biological applications of metal complexes have attracted remarkable attention and they can work as models for biologically important species. Schiff bases and their complexes are flexible compounds synthesized from the condensation of an amino compound with carbonyl compounds and extensively used for industrial purposes and also show a broad range of biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-HIV, anthelmintic and antipyretic properties. The purpose of this research work was to assess the in vitro anticancer activity of the synthesized Schiff base molecule and its transition metal complexes against Human breast carcinoma Cancer cells at various doses (1000, 300, 100, 30, 10, and 3 g/ml). The anticancer activity of the free ligand and its metal complexes showed good to high activity against human breast cancer cells. Schiff base and its transition metal complexes against human breast cancer cell lines fascinate the researchers to develop new anticancer drugs without side effects.
RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Zanamivir in API and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Amani Paduri , Malothu Narender , N Karnakar , S Ramya Sri
Published: February 2022

The present work aimed to develop a new simple, accurate and reproducible RP-HPLC method for the analysis of Zanamivir. The method was validated according to ICH (Q2R1) guidelines. The chromatographic conditions were effectively monitored for the elution of analyte utilizing YMC C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5µ); water: methanol (20:80 % v/v) as a solvent system with a 0.6 mL/min of flow at detection wavelength of 320 nm. The retention of analyte was achieved at 2.497 minutes. The tablet sample was assayed with 99.52 %±0.425 purity. The system suitability parameters such as plate count and tailing factor were found to be 4159.0 and 1.5, respectively. The linearity of the method achieved at the concentration range of 20-100 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.998. The accuracy study showed 99.95%±0.126 of recovery of analyte. Precision in terms of repeatability was found within the limit (% RSD-0.159), while intermediate precision was shown % RSD of 0.15. LOD and LOQ were predicted at 3.04 and 10.14 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the method found robust at a deliberate change of flow rate and solvent composition. Therefore, the results confirmed the suitability of the method for quantifying Zanamivir in their formulations.