bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithm ID
Authors: Braga Juliao , Stiubiener Itana , Braga Juliana Cristina
Published: January 2025

The use of algorithms is increasing in various fields, such as healthcare, justice, finance, and education. This growth has accelerated significantly with the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies over Large Language Models (LLMs) starting in 2022. This surge presents substantial challenges related to accountability, ethics, and transparency. This paper explores the potential of the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for identifying algorithms, aiming to enhance accountability, transparency, and reliability in their development and application, particularly in AI agents and Multimodal LLMs. The use of DOIs facilitates tracking the origin of algorithms, enables audits, prevents biases, promotes research reproducibility, and strengthens ethical considerations. The discussion addresses the challenges and solutions associated with maintaining algorithms identified by DOI, its application in securing APIs and facilitating reliable communication within multi-agent networks, and the ethical implications of algorithm identification, with a focus on accountability and bias prevention. The article also proposes how to authenticate algorithms with DOI.
Attitudes, Experiences, and Usage Intentions of Artificial Intelligence: A Population Study in Germany
Authors: Gnambs Timo , Stein Jan-Philipp , Zinn Sabine , Griese Florian , Appel Markus
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly affects individuals’ private and professional lives. Importantly, both the acceptance and adoption of new AI technologies in society is heavily impacted by the attitudes that people hold; yet, there is currently limited information on how people perceive and intend to use AI at the national and demographic levels. Therefore, this study examined a random sample of 1,098 German adults to assess their attitudes, experiences, and usage intentions regarding AI in work, healthcare, and education. The findings indicated that respondents generally held favorable attitudes towards AI, with AI applications in healthcare receiving more positive evaluations than AI in the context of work. Moreover, cognitive evaluations of AI were more positive than emotional or behavioral appraisals. Prior experiences with AI were, however, limited, particularly in healthcare and education. Demographic differences were generally small. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that, in Germany, AI is currently widely accepted in different domains, although most people have little first-hand experience with it. These insights can inform policymakers and stakeholders who care about the proliferation of AI in society.
Investigating the Effects of Continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation Over the Posterior Parietal Cortex on Holistic Processing of Composite Faces: Evidence from Cognitive Modeling
Authors: Sayadi Hanieh , Qarehdaghi Hasan , Pouretemad Hamidreza , Rad Jamal Amani
Published: January 2025

Efficient interaction with complex visual environments depends on the balance between global and local processing, with a natural tendency to prioritize global information—a phenomenon known as the global advantage. This study investigates how non-invasive brain stimulation using continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) over the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) affects this balance, with a focus on holistic face processing. We conducted a within-subject, crossover, sham-controlled experiment involving 36 participants who completed Navon and composite face tasks before and after cTBS stimulation over the left and right PPC. Cognitive modeling using the Diffusion Model of Conflict (DMC) was employed to examine the cognitive mechanisms involved and compare global and local processing in experimental versus sham conditions. The results confirmed the expected global precedence effect and holistic processing in both tasks but revealed no significant impact of cTBS over the right PPC on task performance in terms of accuracy or response time. However, under incongruent conditions, cTBS over the left PPC led to slower responses to local targets, particularly when compared with the sham condition. Despite these localized effects, no significant changes were observed in composite face task performance following either left or right PPC stimulation. Overall, our findings highlight the complexity of the neural mechanisms governing global-local processing and the limited impact of single-session cTBS over the PPC in altering the cognitive mechanisms underlying these processes. Further research is needed to better understand the role of the PPC in holistic and hierarchical visual processing.
Efficient Learning of Predictive Maps for Flexible Planning
Authors: Bazarjani Armin , Piray Payam
Published: January 2025

Cognitive maps enable flexible behavior by providing internal representations of task structure that can be efficiently reused across different contexts. The successor representation (SR) offers a promising model for how these maps might be learned and computed in the brain, but its dependence on specific behavioral policies limits its ability to support flexible planning. Here, we introduce SR-IS, a novel model that combines temporal difference learning with importance sampling to construct policy-independent cognitive maps. We show that SR-IS learns representations that capture the underlying structure of the environment without being limited by the agent's current behavioral policy. These representations can be efficiently updated when the environment changes, enabling rapid behavioral adaptation without requiring extensive relearning. In a series of simulations, we demonstrate that SR-IS outperforms existing models in classic replanning tasks and provides a better account of both rodent and human behavior in spatial navigation experiments. The model uniquely explains a key behavioral finding: humans show greater flexibility in adapting to reward changes than to structural changes in their environment—an asymmetry that previous models failed to capture. Our findings bridge theoretical models of predictive maps with empirical observations of planning behavior, while providing new insights into how the brain might implement efficient yet flexible decision-making.
Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D) en el Sector Farmacéutico: avances, limitaciones, selectividad y negligencia
Authors: Stacciarini João Henrique Santana
Published: January 2025

Con el objetivo de contribuir a los estudios y debates sobre el proceso de Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D) en el sector farmacéutico, este trabajo realizó una extensa recolección, organización y análisis de datos sobre el tema, explorando los avances, limitaciones, selectividad y negligencia en este ámbito. Se reveló que el sector farmacéutico representa el segundo mayor inversor en I+D, registrando un gasto global de 238 mil millones de dólares en 2021. La búsqueda de ganancias derivadas de medicamentos exitosos motivó un crecimiento significativo en el número de empresas farmacéuticas centradas en I+D, resultando en 5.416 corporaciones que prueban más de 20 mil fármacos en diversas fases de investigación y desarrollo. Sin embargo, este estudio también señala las limitaciones de los productos derivados de la I+D farmacéutica, observando que muchos medicamentos recién aprobados no presentan ventajas significativas sobre los ya existentes y tienden a priorizar el mantenimiento de franquicias rentables o la competencia en el mercado, en detrimento del bienestar de la población. Además, se destaca la selectividad y negligencia en las inversiones en I+D, con ciertas enfermedades recibiendo mayor atención debido a una variedad de intereses, incluyendo aspectos socioeconómicos.
Isolation, identification of endophytic fungi extracts from Codiaeum variegatum and assessment of their anti-amoebic and anti-inflammatory potential
Authors: Téfandjam Espérance Argentine Mbompieze , Pechangou Sylvain Nsangou , Edjenguele Sara Nathalie Beboy , Enang II Brice Edie , Emoh Cynthia Paola Demeni , Assam Jean Paul Assam , Moundipa Paul Fewou
Published: January 2025

Intestinal amoebiasis (IA) remains a global public health concern. It is often confused with an inflammatory bowel disease, and is caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Although it is more widespread in tropical countries, IA is increasingly becoming a subject of concern in so-called developed countries. The limits of conventional therapy and the concern to promote phytotherapy in a sustainable and ecological manner inspired this work, during which the anti-amoebic and anti-inflammatory potential of endophyte fungi extracts isolated from Codiaeum variegatum were evaluated. C. variegatum leaves and bark was harvested at the University of Yaounde 1. Those two fragments undergo surface decontamination then were placed in petri dishes containing PDA (Potato Agar Dextrose) supplemented with amoxicillin. The cultures obtained were then subcultured in SDA (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar) and CZA (CZapek dextrose Agar) media. The resulting growth was observed using an optical microscope with an x40 objective for grouping on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Screening of extracts of these fungi by the Trypan blue counting method on clinical isolates of E. histolytica, made it possible to retain 4 extracts (6, 8, 14, 18) of fungi with anti-amoebic activity. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory potential of these extracts was evaluated on a primary culture of macrophages activated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, NADPH oxidase activity, and activation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). From that culture, 28 endophytic fungi were isolated, 13 belonging to 7 genus (Absidia sp, Alternaria sp, Aspergillus sp, Trametes sp, Trichoderma sp, Fusarium sp and Geotrichum sp). Anti-amoebic tests showed that extract 14 was the most active with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 289.87±18.57; 207.73±22.36 and 87.79±12.51µg/mL respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation. Chemical screening of the extracts revealed the majority presence of flavonoids in the 4 extracts (6, 8, 14, and 18). The anti-inflammatory tests of these 4 extracts revealed better anti-inflammatory activity in extract 6 (IC50= 95.94 ± 21.07 µg/mL for NO; IC50= 11.78±0.27 µg/mL for NADPH oxidase). Extract 14 had the best effect on the inhibition of NO production (IC50 = 8.56±2.13 µg/mL) and on the inhibition of the growth of trophozoites. Endophytic fungi extract from C. variegatum have demonstrated promising anti-amoebic and anti-inflammatory potential and therefore deserve special attention for the development of natural and ecological alternative treatment.
Evaluation of the acute and subacute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vallis-choudae leaves in Wistar rats
Authors: Kolefer Kilenma , Miaffo David , Kamgue Oulianovie Guessom , Maidadi Barthelemy , Ponka Roger
Published: January 2025

In Cameroon, Ficus vallis-choudae Delile leaves are empirically used to treat diabetes mellitus. However, no studies have been carried out to ensure the plant's safety. This work aimed to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Ficus vallis-choudae (FVE) leaves in rats. To assess acute toxicity, FVE at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg was administered to female rats (n = 6), while distilled water (1 mL/100 g) was force-fed to animals in the control group (n = 6). Behavioral changes and mortality were assessed at 30 min, 4h, 24h, 48h and regularly for 14 days. For the subacute toxicity study, animals were divided into 6 groups of 10 rats each (5 males and 5 females) and treated orally for 28 days. A control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg), three groups received FVE at doses of 220, 440 and 880 mg/kg respectively, and two satellite groups received distilled water (10 mL/kg) and FVE at 880 mg/kg respectively. Body mass, food and water consumption, biochemical, and hematological parameters, and liver and kidney histology were evaluated. For acute toxicity, no behavioral changes and no mortality were observed. The mean lethal dose (LD50) of FVE was greater than 5000 mg/kg. With regard to subacute toxicity, the FVE tested appeared to be tolerated by rats, as no major clinical signs of toxicity, no mortality, no significant changes in body weight, internal organ weights, food and water consumption were noted in either female or male rats. Similarly, biochemical and hematological parameters, as well as histological aspects of the liver and kidneys of FVE-treated animals of both sexes, showed no significant changes. Short- and medium-term consumption of FVE is safe in rats. However, it will be useful to assess the sub-chronic and chronic toxicity of this plant extract.
In vitro evaluation of the antiplasmodial activity and phytochemical screening of five plants extracts from the traditional pharmacopoeia in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Alfred Kanga Aboi , Abibatou Konate-Toure , Dominique Tano Konan , Jeanne Koffi Akissi , Brice Bla Kouakou
Published: January 2025

The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to current antimalarial drugs, namely artemisinin derivatives associated with a partner molecule, requires the search for new therapeutic alternatives through traditional pharmacopoeia, rich in medicinal plants. The aim of this study is to assess the in vitro anti-plasmodial activity of leaf extracts from five plants selected for their traditional use against malaria. An ethnopharmacological survey was carried out in Agboville to identify plants traditionally used against malaria in this region. The leaves of these plants were harvested, dried and extracted using aqueous and hydroethanolic solvents. The extracts obtained were then subjected to an in vitro anti-plasmodial test using SYBR GREEN to assess their ability to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum. Phytochemical screening and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was carried out to identify the chemical compounds present in the extracts. In total, ten extracts from the dried leaves of five plants were tested on clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Of these, only Momordica charantia extracts showed an IC50 ≤ 5 µg/ml, namely 1.93 µg/ml for the hydroethanolic extract and 4.35 µg/ml for the aqueous extract. The anti-plasmodial activity of these extracts was described as powerful. Extracts from other plants showed IC50 values ranging from 16.19 µg/ml to 31.43 µg/ml, indicating moderate anti-plasmodial activity. Phytochemical analyses mainly revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, polyterpenes and phenolic acids, suggesting that these compounds may be responsible for the anti-plasmodial activity observed. In conclusion, the search for natural products capable of blocking the transmission of malaria must be pursued with determination, and further studies are needed before the formulation of phytomedicines from these plants can be envisaged.
Secondary metabolite profiling, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory investigations of Symplocos paniculata (Thunb.) Miq., an ethnomedicinal plant from Kumaun Himalayan region
Authors: Koranga Sheetal , Chaturvedi Preeti , Tewari Lalit M.
Published: January 2025

Background: Traditional medicine relies heavily on plant-based remedies for immune system modulation, offering advantages of affordability, reduced toxicity, minimal side effects, and better accessibility compared to synthetic alternatives. Symplocos paniculata (Thunb.) Miq. has been traditionally used in ethnomedicine for various ailments, though its chemical composition and therapeutic properties remain inadequately studied. Objectives: Thus, this study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of leaf and bark extracts from S. paniculata. Material and Methods: The study employed qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening methods, along with in vitro assays including DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelation for antioxidant activity, and protein denaturation for anti-inflammatory effects. GC-MS analysis was conducted to identify the phytoconstituents. Results and Conclusion: Phytochemical screening revealed diverse compounds, with leaf extracts showing higher concentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins compared to bark extracts. Bark extract demonstrated superior antioxidant properties with DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 = 61.37 μg/ml) and metal chelating (IC50 = 30.06 μg/ml) activities. Moderate anti-inflammatory activity was observed, with leaf extract showing slightly higher potency (IC50 = 222.81 μg/ml). GC-MS analysis identified terpenes, phytosterols, and fatty acids as major constituents in both extracts. The study provides scientific validation for traditional medicinal applications of S. paniculata through comprehensive characterization of its phytochemical profile and demonstration of significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, establishing its potential for pharmaceutical development.
Spatial Temporal Pattern of Urbanization in Far-West Province of Nepal
Authors: Panday Tilak Raj
Published: January 2025

This study, titled Spatial Temporal Pattern of Urbanization in Far-West Province of Nepal aims to analyze the spatial and temporal trends of urbanization in the region, focusing on changes in urban population distribution and the factors driving these changes. Utilizing secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal, covering the period from 1981 to 2021, the study employs tables, line graphs, and maps to illustrate urban growth patterns. The findings reveal a significant increase in the urban population from 71,108 in 1981 to 1,682,578 in 2021, with the number of urban centers rising from 2 to 34. The Terai region, particularly the districts of Kailali and Kanchanpur, shows the highest urbanization rates, while the Mountain and Hill regions have lower rates. The study concludes that rapid and uneven urbanization in the Far-west Province is driven by governmental policies and rural-to-urban migration, highlighting the need for effective urban planning and resource allocation to manage the associated challenges and opportunities.
गलकोटको राजनीतिक र सांस्कृतिक पृष्ठभूमि (The Political and Cultural Background of Galkot)
Authors: Thapa Din Bahadur
Published: January 2025

नेपालभित्रको नेपाल भनेर चिनिने जिल्लाको नाम बागलुङ हो । बागलुङको मौलिक इतिहास र सांस्कृतिक पहिचान बोकेको स्थानीय तह भनेर गलकोट नगरपालिकालाई चिनिन्छ । यो पालिका कुनै समयमा ऐतिहासिक गलकोट राज्यका नामले चिनिन्थ्यो । गलकोटलाई चिनाउने अन्य विविध पहिचानहरू पनि छन् । तर यस लेखमा गलकोटको राजनीतिक र सांस्कृतिक पृष्ठाधारको मात्रै चर्चा गरिएको छ । गलकोट राज्यसँग राजपरम्परा र कोटथानको इतिहास जोडिएको छ । गलकोटमा मल्ल राजाहरुको १५ पुस्ताले राज्य गरेको इतिहास भेटिन्छ । कोटथानसँग माईथान, खड्गथान र हरेक जातजातिका परम्परित पूजाविधिको इतिहास जोडिएको छ । यो लेख गलकोटको राजनीतिक र सांस्कृतिक पृष्ठाधारको खोजी गर्ने उद्देश्यले तयार गरिएको हो । यसमा प्राथमिक स्रोतका सामग्रीहरु स्थलगत अवलोकन र अन्तर्वार्तामा आधारित छन् भने द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्रीहरू पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनमा आधारित छन् । यस अध्ययनले गलकोटे राज परम्पराका केही अवशेषहरु मात्र बाँकी रहेको देखाउँछ भने राज परम्परासँगै स्थापना भएका कोटथान, माईथान, मस्टोथान, बराहथान, झाँक्रीथान र विभिन्न जातजातिको कुलपूजा पद्धतिमा पनि निरन्तरता, अनुकूलन र रुपान्तरणको गति तीव्र रहेको देखाउँछ । राजनीतिक र सांस्कृतिक रुपान्तरणसँगै यी कतिपय सम्पदाहरु लोपोन्मुख अवस्थामा रहेका देखिन्छन् । तसर्थ यी ऐतिहासिक र सांस्कृतिक सम्पदाहरूको संरक्षण गर्न आवश्यक छ ।
[Baglung, a district in Nepal, is often referred to as "Mini-Nepal." Galkot Municipality, functioning as a local government, embodies the district's fundamental historical and cultural identity. Historically, this municipality was known as the Galkot State, which holds significant political and cultural relevance. Although Galkot is associated with multiple identities, this article focuses specifically on its political and cultural background. The royal traditions and the historical significance of Kotthan are intricately linked to the Galkot State, which was ruled by 15 successive generations of Malla kings. The history of sites such as Maithan and Khadgathan, as well as the traditional rituals of various castes, are closely tied to Kotthan. This study explores the political and cultural heritage of Galkot, employing primary sources such as on-site observations and interviews, alongside secondary materials from library research. The findings indicate that only limited remnants of the Galkot royal traditions remain. However, the practices associated with kulpuja at Kotthan, Maithan, Mastothan, Barahthan, Jhankrithan, and other locations, as well as among different castes, have undergone significant processes of continuity, adaptation, and transformation. The study concludes that some of these historical and cultural heritages, which are at risk of degradation due to political and cultural changes, require urgent preservation by relevant stakeholders. This article aims to serve as an important reference for those interested in studying and safeguarding these historical and cultural legacies.]
Human-Animal Conflict in Jaimini Municipality, Baglung, Nepal
Authors: Panta Saroj Raj
Published: January 2025

This study examines the factors that lead to conflict between people and animals in the Jaimini Municipality of Baglung Nepal with an emphasis on how shifting economic conditions impact livestock and agriculture. In terms of agricultural loss livestock depredation and human causation this study sought to explore the conflict between humans and wildlife. It also aims to comprehend local perspectives tolerance and compensation levels as well as the causes of losses brought by wild animals. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed in the study including focus groups semi-structured interviews, questionnaire, surveys and case studies. The findings indicated that the most significant harm caused by human animal conflict (HAC) was crop damage with animal attacks on settlements being more common in areas near forests. There was no discernible difference in the amount of damage caused by elephants to various socioeconomic classes making property damage the second most frequent problem encountered by the locals. The results imply that since humans want to rule over and take advantage of nature and animals they are to blame for the conflict. Anger and negativity are common reactions from victims of animal abuse. Problems with migration dependency and brain drain have resulted from the conflicts detrimental effects on the livelihoods of the local population. The study evaluated stakeholders' capacity to reduce human-wildlife conflicts which are mostly caused by mishandling community forests and problems with their applications. Policymakers practitioners, researchers can benefit from its insights into the intricate relationships between people animal's migration and social transformation.
Traditional Governance in Nepal's Majhi Communities: A Case Study of Majhesawa in Sindhupalchok and Ramechhap Districts
Authors: Paudel Laxman
Published: January 2025

Customary self-government system of the indigenous Majhi community called Majhesawa is at the stage of extinction and its remnants can be found in Sindhupalchok and Ramechhap districts. The aim of this research is to explore current situation of Majhesawa in Sindhupalchok and Ramechhap districts. The design of the study was qualitative in Nature. 70 participants were selected using a purposive sampling method from Sindhupalchok and Ramechhap districts. Primary data were collected using Focused Group Discussion and in-depth interview as data collection tools in 2024, and secondary data were collected reviewing different literatures. It is found that in both districts, forming Majhesawa committees is being conducted as a campaign with the understanding that all the problems that appear in the Majhi community can be solved at the community level by protecting and promoting the rights and interests of the Majhi. Active participation of youths, elders and women is seen in this campaign. Although Majhesawa committees have been formed in most of the Majhi settlements, all committees are inactive due to lack of written documents and knowledge about duties, responsibilities and rights. Majhesawa committees are performing their role especially during the Koshi Puja. In both districts, the Majhesawa committees have not received legal recognition from any government body so far and there has been no effort from the Majhi community to do so. It seems that organizations related to Majhi community and people related to Majhesawa should take the initiative to obtain legal recognition to operate Majhesawa and prepare necessary procedures and documents. This article can be useful to the social workers and political leaders.
تأثير ادارة الموهبة في تحقيق الريادة الاستراتيجية - دراسة تطبيقية على منتسبي مديرية تربية الرصافة /1
Authors: م.م حنين خلدون عطا
Published: January 2025

يسلط البحث الحالي الضوء على جملة من الاهداف اهمها تشخيص علاقة الارتباط و الاثر بين ادارة الموهبة من خلال ابعادها (استقطاب الموهبة،ادارة اداء الموهبة،تطوير الموهبة،الحفاظ على الموهبة) و الريادة الاستراتيجية من خلال ابعادها المتمثلة بـ( الابداع،النمو،الرؤية،اغتنام الفرص) في المديرية العامة لتربية الرصافة /1،وتكمن اهميته في معالجة مشكلة واقعية من خلال الاستفادة من المؤشرات التطبيقية لاستغلال الموهوبين و طبيعة علاقتها لتحقيق الريادة الاستراتيجية . كما تمثلت في مدى اثر ادارة الموهبه بأبعادها في تحقيق الريادة الاستراتيجية اذ تم الاعتماد على الاستبانة كأداة اساسية لجمع البيانات و التي صيغت فقراتها بالاعتماد على مقاييس محكمة و قد تكون مجتمع البحث من الادارة العليا و الوسطى المتمثلة بـ(المدير العام،معاوني المدير العام،روؤساء الاقسام،مسؤولي الشعب ) بواقع (65) استبانة صالحة للتحليل الاحصائي و كانت اهم الاستنتاجات التي توصلت لها الباحثة وجود علاقة ارتباط معنوي بين ادارة الموهبة و الريادة الاستراتيجية و ان اثرهما يزداد بوجودهما معاً و هذا دليل على الدور المتميز الذي تؤدية ادارة الموهبة و ابعادها في تبني ممارسات الريادة الاستراتيجية و من اهم التوصيات توجيه انظار الادارة العليا في المديرية لنشر ثقافة الاهتمام بالافراد الموهوبين و العمل على استقطابهم و تطويرهم و المحافظة عليهم من خلال توفير كافة الدوافع المادية و المعنوية المعنوية بزيادة ولائهم اتجاه المديرية.
HUBUNGAN INTELIGENSI DAN KEPRIBADIAN DENGAN INDEKS PRESTASI MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS MULAWARMAN
Authors: Safitri Andi Erika , . Sulistiawari , Rachmi Eva
Published: January 2025

Dokter merupakan salah satu profesi di bidang kesehatan, untuk mendapatkan gelar tersebutseseorang harus menjalani pendidikan kedokteran. Capaian pembelajaran didapatkan melalui tahapan 3Pberupa presage, proses, produk. Faktor presage, diantaranya personal dan situasional. Faktor personalmemiliki beberapa komponen diantaranya inteligensi dan kepribadian. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahuihubungan inteligensi dan kepribadian dengan indeks prestasi Mahasiswa Program Studi KedokteranFakultas Kedokteran Universitas Mulawarman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitikmetode cross sectional. Sumber data adalah primer berupa kuesioner big five factor marker untuk datakepribadian, sekunder berupa hasil tes psikologi untuk inteligensi dan kartu hasil studi untuk indeksprestasi. Responden adalah mahasiswa program studi kedokteran fakultas kedokteran universitasmulawarman yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis dengan uji alternatif chi square yaitu uji Fisher.Hasil penelitian didapatkan 305 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Secarakeseluruhan, apabila dilihat berdasarkan gender dan usia responden terbanyak adalah perempuan sebanyak219 orang (71.8%) dan usia 20 tahun sebanyak 86 orang (28.2%). Hasil analisis data, untuk hubunganinteligensi dengan indeks prestasi didapatkan signifikansi p=0.018, sedangkan untuk hubungan kepribadiandengan indeks prestasi didapatkan extroversion (p=0.077), agreeableness (p=0.354), conscientiousness(p=0.719), neuroticism (p=0.880), openness (p=0.610). Kesimpulannya terdapat hubungan inteligensidengan indeks prestasi dan tidak terdapat hubungan kepribadian dengan indeks prestasi
FOETAL RHESUS D AND SEX GENOTYPING FROM THE PLASMAS OF RH-NEGATIVE PREGNANT WOMEN IN DUHOK
Authors:   Medical Laboratory Technologist, Duhok Emergency Hospital, Directorate General of Health-Duhok, ABDULAZEEZ SALH , SABRI AHMAD SAWER ,   Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Duhok Polytechnic University, Shekhan College of Health and Medical Technology in Duhok, Iraq
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background: This prospective study was done to evaluate the benefit of Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction in the determination of RHD and SRY of the fetuses in the plasma of Rhesus D-negative enrolled ladies.
Methods: Thirty-nine pregnant Rh-negative females with (RhD+) partners were registered in this study. Blood samples were taken from those participants whose pregnancy age was from 20 -28 weeks for the purposes of fetal RHD genotyping and DNA extraction/purification. Real-time PCR was used to determine the RH and sex genotype using particular RHD, SRY, and GLO gene primers and probes.
Results: Out of the total 39 samples, 28/39(71.8 %) were positive for Rhesus D antigen and 11/39 (28.2 %) were negative. The results of prenatal fetal RHD genotyping based on exons 7, and 10 combined were concordant with postnatal RhD phenotyping in 94.9% of cases (37/39) with a sensitivity & specificity of 93.3 and 100% respectively, and precision was 100%. For the gene SYR, there was a concordance rate of 92.3% between the fetal sex genotype and the newborn sex with one false-positive (2.6%) and two false negatives (5.1%) results leading to a precision of 95.2%.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated great accuracy of the Real-Time PCR technique through the usage of cffDNA for the genetic study of the fetal RHD and SYR genes and implicates the effectiveness of this procedure for predicting the necessity of Anti-D immunoprophylaxis in pregnant women whose fetuses have a peril of hemolytic anemia of the newborn due to RhD incompatibility between partners.
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALPHA THALASSEMIA MUTATIONS IN DUHOK CITY, KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ: A 9-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors:   Lecturer, College of Nursing, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq fahad.jameel@uod.ac, ABDULWAHAB JAMEEL FAHAD
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background: Alpha thalassemia demonstrates high prevalence in Iraq, particularly among consanguineous Kurdish subgroups. However, data remains limited regarding the molecular epidemiology of causative alpha globin mutations in this population. This study aimed to elucidate the mutational spectrum and temporal distribution of alpha thalassemia alleles among native inhabitants of Duhok City in northern Iraq.
Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, positive alpha globin genetic testing records of 1,295 Duhok natives at a specialized northern Iraqi laboratory from 2014-2022 were analyzed to determine mutant genotype and allele frequencies.
Results: The five most common mutant genotypes detected were -α3.7/-α3.7 (5.5%), -α3.7/αα (19.1%), -αMED/αα (3.2%), -α3.7/-αMED (2.6%) and ααIVS1-5nt/αα (1.5%). The -α3.7 deletion was predominant affecting 43.8% of alleles. A steady 9-year upward annual detection trajectory was observed.
Conclusions: Population-specific molecular analysis may provide seminal evidence to shape thalassemia screening and prevention policies targeting the high-risk marginalized Kurdish community in northern Iraq.
CLINICAL & GENETIC PATTERNS OF GAUCHER DISEASE IN KURDISTAN REGION
Authors:   Lecturer, Paediatrics department, College of Medicine/Hawler Medical University, AHMED MOHAMMED LANA
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background: Gaucher disease is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease and the most frequent form of the sphingolipidoses owing to lysosomal glucocerebrosidase enzyme activity insufficiency that is attributed to glucosylceramidase beta (GBA1) gene imperfection. As yet, close to 460 pathological variations as mutations have been perceived. This study worked towards assessment of phenotypic characteristic and genetic constitution of patients with Gaucher disease in Kurdistan region.
Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study involved 23 patients; all were assessed for β- glucocerebrosidase enzyme level. Patients with reduced enzyme level were further evaluated to verify the diagnosis of Gaucher disease through molecular genetic analysis.
Results: Hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia, pallor, and thrombocytopenia were reported in (95.7%) of cases. The mutation c. 1448T>C in homozygous status was ascertained in (34.8%) of Gaucher cases. The genotype c.1246G>A in homozygous status was determined in (30.8%) of cases with Kurdish descent. The difference in the genetic composition of the three ethnic groups was significant (P=0.062).
Conclusion: The prime mutation in patients with Gaucher disease in Kurdistan Region was c. 1448T>C. The Gaucher disease type-1- was verified as prevailing phenotype of Gaucher disease.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ГІБРИДНОЇ ВІЙНИ
Authors: Редзюк Вячеслав , Редзюк Наталія
Published: January 2025

У статті здійснено системний аналіз формування та розвитку державної інформаційної політики України в умовах гібридної війни. Обґрунтовано, що в умовах гібридної війни та повномасштабного вторгнення російської федерації в Україні формування державної інформаційної політики набуло особливо актуального значення. Глобальні трансформації нашої ери сприяють загостренню геополітичної конкуренції між провідними світовими гравцями та закладають основу для масштабних геокультурних змін. Необхідно чітко сформувати та визначити проблеми інформаційної політики, адже на сьогодні нормативно-правові документи, які регламентують процес національної інформаційної політики несуть анахронічний характер. Проаналізовано правове забезпечення державної інформаційної політики, а саме: Закони України «Про інформацію», «Про доступ до публічної інформації» та ін.
Зазначено, що пріоритетами державної політики в інформаційній сфері є: 1) забезпечення інформаційної безпеки; 2) забезпечення розвитку інформаційного простору України та конституційного права громадян на інформацію; 3) відкритість та прозорість держави для своїх громадян; 4) створення позитивного міжнародного іміджу України.
Вказано, що основними напрямами та методами національної інформаційної політики є: забезпечення доступу громадян до інформації; створення національних інформаційних систем і мереж; зміцнення матеріально-технічної, фінансової, організаційної, правової та наукової основи інформаційної діяльності; забезпечення ефективного використання інформації; сприяння постійному оновленню національних інформаційних ресурсів, збагачення, збереження та створення загальної системи захисту інформації; сприяння міжнародному співробітництву в інформаційній сфері для захисту інформаційного суверенітету України; сприяння задоволенню інформаційних потреб закордонних українців. Зокрема у статті представлені основні методи інформаційної агресії росії проти України, включаючи дезінформацію; пропагування; диверсифікацію громадської думки; психологічний та психотропний тиск; поширення чуток. Адже в умовах гібридної війни надважливим питанням постає інформаційна політика як ефективний інструмент функціонування інформаційного суспільства, пріоритетний напрямок внутрішньої та зовнішньої політики.
Obtaining haploids and dihaploids of rapesee (Brassica Napus L.) in vitro
Authors: Klyachenko O.
Published: January 2025

In selective breeding-genetic research of crops, the use of experimental haploidy methods is associated with the possibility of obtaining homozygous constant material in one generation, while in traditional breeding it is necessary to conduct several generations of inbreeding for 6-8 years. Stepwise processing of isolated buds with reduced (+4 ° C for 36 h) and elevated temperatures (+22 ° C for 21 days and +30 ° C for 10, 14, 21 days) was selected and applied, which allows to complete the differentiation process. It was shown that for the induction of embryogenic development, regardless of genotype, the optimal temperature was +30 ° C for the duration of cultivation for 21 days. The regenerative capacity of the obtained embryos was determined by the original genotype. Obtained rooted haploid plants-regenerants with normal geo- and phototropic reaction were transferred to the diploid level (2n = 38) using an aqueous solution of 0.1% colchicine on the root system at 4 hours of exposure. On the basis of in vitro pollen dihaploids obtained by us, we coauthored for the first time in Ukraine an early-ripening variety of winter rapeseed Antaria and a medium-ripening variety of spring rapeseed Aira
Accumulation of pesticide residual amounts in agricultural soils
Authors: Salnikova A. , Salnikov S.
Published: January 2025

The application of pesticides in Ukraine is widely used in the cultivation of crops, but there is a danger of accumulation of their residues in the soil. Especially when using plant protection products with active substances that are highly toxic to the environment and living organisms. Before determining the risk of accumulation of pesticide residues, it is necessary to analyze the list of drugs that were applied to agricultural land. The assess the possibility of accumulation of pesticide residues in the soil, their content in the soils of the agricultural enterprise was determined. The research was conducted in 2021 on the fields of industrial crop rotation of the Separate Division of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" (Vasylkiv district of Kyiv region) on various crops (winter wheat, corn, and sunflower). Analysis of the accumulation of pesticide residues showed that at the beginning of the growing season residues of flutriafol were found without exceeding the standards, and metolachlor - at the permissible level. At the end of the growing season, the maximum permissible levels of metolachlor, cyproconazole and cyprodinil were found to be exceeded in maize and sunflower. After harvesting winter wheat, an excess of metolachlor and cyproconazole was recorded. It was found that high concentrations of pesticide residues were recorded when applying hazard class II drugs in the fields. To assess the effect of pesticide residues on soil toxicity, a phytotest was performed to determine the germination of radish seeds with a red tip. The results confirm the previous studies on the increased risk of accumulation of pesticide residues when applied to soils of hazard class II drugs, as the greatest phytotoxicity was recorded in the soil of the field where most of these drugs were applied
Colonialists, Fascists, and Gender in Interwar France
Authors: Campbell Caroline
Published: January 2025

This article argues that the Union Nationale des Anciens Combattants Coloniaux (UNACC) was the premier organization in a broader colonialist movement. Colonialists sought to transpose the racialized and patriarchal hierarchies that drove colonial conquest to the metropole for authoritarian and fascist purposes. The first case study of the UNACC, this article traces its creation, ideology, and activities in order to show that the group appropriated the Republican label for its own anti-democratic agenda. UNACC newspapers reveal that colonialists believed that they had a mission to civilize the metropolitan Republic by destroying anti-French forces of disorder, which included leftists, pacifists, immigrants, and feminists. To do so, the UNACC crafted a colonialist identity and organized white colonial veterans into a political force.
Recurrent adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma stabilized with tocilizumab and bevacizumab: illustrative case
Authors: Webb Lauren M. , Okuno Scott H. , Ransom Ryan C. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Humes Allison L. , Sarkaria Jann N. , Ruff Michael W.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACPs) are slow-growing, cystic, highly morbid central nervous system tumors located adjacent to vital structures including the pituitary, hypothalamus, and optic chiasm. Tumor recurrence is common. Treatment relies on resection with or without adjuvant radiation and is highly individualized. Targeted chemotherapies have not been routinely used in the treatment of ACPs.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors present the case of an adult patient with recurrent ACP that was clinically and radiologically stabilized with a combination of bevacizumab and tocilizumab every 3 weeks.

LESSONS

The combination of tocilizumab and bevacizumab could be an effective therapy for shrinkage of the cystic and solid components of ACP, sparing patients from further neurological damage from the tumor, additional surgery, or radiation. The patient’s positive response to tocilizumab and bevacizumab supports the growing literature that interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor are important for ACP pathogenesis. The patient’s response supports prior research, suggesting that systemic chemotherapy can be effectively delivered to this rare brain tumor.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24410
Pelatihan Pengelolaan Perpustakaan Berbasis SNP 4:2024 di SMAN 18 Pekanbaru
Authors: Latiar Hadira , Sudiar Nining , H Rosman
Published: January 2025

The school library as a learning resource plays a major role in facilitating the process of strengthening student literacy. To strengthen the role and quality of libraries, school libraries are currently required to fulfill 9 accreditation components including: (1) Library Collection; (2) Library Facilities and Infrastructure; (3) Library Services; (4) Library Staff; (5) Library Organization; (6) Library Management; (7) Innovation and Creativity; (8) Reading Level; (9) Community Literacy Development Index. In order to provide services to its users, the library management staff of SMAN 18 Pekanbaru, intends to conduct library SNP that can help in handling routine operational activities in the library of SMAN 18 Pekanbaru. The service activities were carried out with socialization and training methods to library managers. The result of this activity is the increased understanding of library managers of the National Library Standards. In addition, the outputs achieved are as teaching materials and publications in mass media and accredited national journals.
Platinum nanoparticles in aqueous solutions of chitosan-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer: synthesis and biological activity
Authors: Zuev D. N. , Cherkasova E. I. , Apryatina K. V. , Zaitsev S. D. , Smirnova L. A.
Published: January 2025

Grafted copolymers of chitosan-vinylpyrrolidone, water-soluble at a pH of 6.8–7.5, were obtained. A technique has been developed for obtaining an aggregatively stable system of platinum nanoparticles in copolymer solutions with an average size of ~ 4 nm. The thermophysical and structural characteristics of the powdered composition of a platinum nanoparticle-copolymer are investigated. An in vitro comparison of the antitumor activity of solutions of the developed composition and cisplatin at the same platinum concentration was performed. It was found that with respect to the culture of HeLa Kyoto and A431 cancer cells, the composition is five and two times less effective than cisplatin, respectively. Along with this, the biocompatibility of the composition is 17 times higher than that of cisplatin, which allows its use at elevated concentrations and the development of an antitumor agent with platinum nanoparticles commensurate in effectiveness with cisplatin.
The role of Yersinia pestis antigens in reception of the plague diagnostic bacteriophage L-413C
Authors: Byvalov A. A. , Dudina L. G. , Kravchenko T. B. , Ivanov S. A. , Konyshev I. V. , Morozova N. A. , Chernyadiev A. V. , Dentovskaya S. V.
Published: January 2025

The role of surface antigens of Yersinia pestis in reception of the phage L-413C was experimentally evaluated. Based on the methods of the phage inactivation after its co-incubation with the soluble or bead-bounded antigens, an importance of LPS from the plague microbe in the phage reception and inability to bind a capsular antigen F1, Ail protein and two autotransporters YapF and YapM were confirmed. The native and recombinant PsaA, being solved, significantly inhibited the lytic activity of the phage in comparison with the bead-bound antigens. The knockout EV cells (ΔpsaA) are able to bind the phage particles as well as the wild strain. The use of three methods to evaluate the role of PsaA antigen in phage L-413C reception gave contradictory results. On the one hand the reactive domains of PsaA are able to interact with phage particles in solution. At the same time, these domains appear to determine nonspecific binding of PsaA protein to the underlying bacterial cell structures and polystyrene microsphere, preventing phage adhesion.
Nach dem Ende der Ampel. Erwägungen zu der vorgezogenen Bundestagswahl 2025 (online first)
Authors: Decker Frank
Published: January 2025

Nach dem vorzeitigen Ende der Koalition aus SPD, FDP und Grünen finden in der Bundesrepublik am 23. Februar 2025 zum vierten Mal vorgezogene Neuwahlen statt. Die „Ampel“ scheiterte nach verheißungsvollem Start an letztlich unüberbrückbaren Differenzen zwischen SPD/Grünen und der FDP in der Wirtschaftspolitik. Der beispiellose Ansehensverlust der Regierungsparteien ab dem Herbst 2022 verschafft der Union eine gute Ausgangsposition für den Machtwechsel. Ob sie ihrer Favoritenrolle gerecht werden kann, bleibt aber offen. Mit sorgenvoller Spannung wird auch das Abschneiden der Randparteien erwartet.
Crossing Language Borders: A Pipeline for Indonesian Manhwa Translation
Authors: Narasimhan Nithyasri , Singh Sagarika
Published: January 2025

In this project, we develop a practical and efficient solution for automating the Manhwa translation from Indonesian to English. Our approach combines computer vision, text recognition, and natural language processing techniques to streamline the traditionally manual process of Manhwa(Korean comics) translation. The pipeline includes fine-tuned YOLOv5xu[1] for speech bubble detection, Tesseract[2] for OCR and fine-tuned MarianMT[3] for machine translation. By automating these steps, we aim to make Manhwa more accessible to a global audience while saving time and effort compared to manual translation methods. While most Manhwa translation efforts focus on Japanese-to-English, we focus on Indonesian-to-English translation to address the challenges of working with low-resource languages. Our model shows good results at each step and was able to translate from Indonesian to English efficiently.