bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preeclampsia: from Pathophysiology to Treatment
Authors: Kaculini Enton , Idrizi lma , Duli Marsida , Koroshi Alketa , Shehu Alma , Spahia Nereida , Barbullushi Myftar
Published: August 2017

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder unique to human pregnancy and is its most common glomerular complication. It occurs in 2% to 8% of pregnancies and is a major contributor to maternal mortality worldwide. Although the pathophysiology of this syndrome is not fully understood, many pathogenetic mechanisms are involved in this disorder. The role of the placenta is crucial in the development of this disorder. Some pathogenetic mechanisms involved in this disease comprise defective deep placentation, autoantibodies to type-1 angiotensin II receptor, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, platelet and thrombin activation, intravascular inflammation, and the imbalance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors which is thought to be one of the most crucial mechanisms. Further understanding of the full picture could enhance our current knowledge of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and improve its treatment. Thus, based on specific biomarkers the diagnosis and subclassification of preeclampsia might be more accurate in identifying patients at risk, monitoring disease progression and providing effective interventions
The Determinants of Hemoglobin Variability in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tomanoski Vasilije , Gjorgjievska Gordana , Zvezdakovska Jasminka , Krecova Vasiliki , Andonoski Aleksandar , Nakovska Margarita , Muharemi Serjat , Kliseski Tode , Janakievska Pavlina , Ristoska Katerina , Veliu Ramazan , Vasileva Liljana , Jovanov Toni , Mehmedi-Veseli Kaltrina , Ferati Beane , Sterjovska Jasmina , Kepeska Sintia , Kachakova Angela
Published: August 2017

Introduction. Factors that have been reported to affect erythropoietin (EPO) responsiveness in hemodialysis (HD) patients include iron deficiency, chronic inflammation, secondary hyperparathyroidism, malnutrition and inadequate HD dose. The aim of the study was to analyze the deteminants of hemoglobin variability in HD patients. Methods. The study encompassed 526 patients (197 F and 329 M). According to HD vintage at the beginning of the study the patients were divided into two groups: group-1 encompassed 153 patients with HD vintage bellow 24 months, and group-2 encompassed 329 patients with HD vintage over 24 months. Over a period of 21 months after admission the following parameters were analyzed: hemoglobin (Hb), EPO dose, iron dose, HD dose (eKT/V), transferrin saturation (TSAT), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and serum albumin at 3 months and parathyroid hormone (PTH) at 6 months. Results. The percentage of patients with Hb>=105g/L significantly improved, and the average Hb level significantly increased in both groups over a period of 21 months. The average EPO and iron dose significantly decreased, but TSAT and ferritin levels significantly increased over a period of 21 months. The average eKT/V and s-albumin values significantly increased, but the average CRP and PTH levels significantly decresead over a period of 21 months. In group-1 EPO dose and CRP, but in group-2 EPO dose, ferritin, HD vintage, and iron dose were statistically significant predictors of the Hb level 9 months after admission. Conclusions. Insufficient EPO therapy, iron deficiency and chronic inflammation were the main factors of inadequate correction of anemia in HD patients before admission.
A Case of Hypercalcemia after Thyroidectomy
Authors: Katsarou Irini , Drakoulongona Ourania , Christopoulos Antonis , Konstantina Goula
Published: August 2017

Total thyroidectomy is complicated by hypoparathyroidism in 1-3% of patients. Hypoparathyroidism is treated with oral calcium and vitamin-D supplements. Everyday use of calcium and vitamin D can lead sometimes to hypercalcemia. Ingestion of large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali that cause hypercalcemia, various degrees of renal failure, and metabolic alkalosis, can be associated with a diagnosis of calcium-alkali syndrome. This syndrome was first identified as milkalkali syndrome, after treatment of peptic ulcer disease with milk and alkali which was widely adopted at the beginning of the 20th century. With the introduction of histamine-2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors, the occurrence of milk-alkali syndrome became rare; however, it has emerged recently as calcium-alkali syndrome because of the wide availability and increasing use of calcium carbonate, mostly for osteoporosis prevention. We present a female patient with hypoparathyroidism who presented with hypercalcemia and alkalosis as a result of treatment with calcium carbonate, vitamin D and thiazide diuretic. The patient was treated successfully by discontinuation of the above drugs, intravenous fluid administration and enhancement of calcium renal excretion. Hypercalcemia presenting as calcium-alkali syndrome is a diagnosis that requires a high index of suspicion in order to quickly identify the disorder and initiate appropriate therapy. It is important for clinicians to keep the syndrome on their list of differential diagnosis.
Psoas as an Unusual and Overlooked Place for a Metastatic Tumor
Authors: Erkul Bengu , Engin Bahar , Ugur Mehmet Can , Ekmekci Sumeyye , Akay Emrah , Akar Harun
Published: August 2017

We report a case of a 60-year-old hemodialysis patient who clinically mimicked psoas abscess, which was subsequently proven to be from metastatic disease seconddary to uroepithelial tumor. The patient presented with 3 weeks history of fever, weight loss and back pain. Computer tomography (CT) scan of abdomen and pelvis revealed psoas muscle infiltration not amenable to drainage by interventional radiology. Careful history to provide additional clues to the diagnosis is of paramount importance in this condition.
Use of antibiotics in Austria / Antibiotikaeinsatz in Österreich
Authors: Kirchner Stefanie , Springer Burkhard , Su Ying-Shih , Fuchs Reinhard , Fuchs Klemens , Reisenzein Helga , Persen Ulrike , Allerberger Franz
Published: August 2017

In 2015, 119.2 t of active ingredients of antibiotics were used in Austria in human medicine (70.4 t; 59.1%), for food animals (48.8 t; 40.9%) and in plant production (0.002 t; < 0.1%). During the last five years, consumption of antibiotics increased in human medicine by 3.8% (2011: 67.8 t; 2015: 70.4 t). In hospitals, it increased by 17.3%, from 19.7 t in 2011 to 23.1 t active ingredients in 2015. In the community, measured in kg active ingredient, it increased by 0.3% from 2011 to 2015. Consumption in defined daily dose (DDD) per 100,000 inhabitants per year decreased by 3.6%. Our numbers for the community (2015: 17.0 DDD) contradict AURES reports and a recent ECDC report, which claim a consumption of 14.0 DDD/1000 inhabitants per day in primary care in Austria, based on the social insurance company’s sales data. Declining pharmacy sales prices due to an increase in market shares for cheap generic drugs as well as increase in deductibles for insured people falsely suggest low consumption. In food animals, the antibiotic consumption decreased by 8.7%, from 53.4 t to 48.8 t. In plant production, the annual usage fluctuated considerably and decreased by 95.3%, from 47.2 kg in 2010 to 2.2 kg in 2015.
Relationship between electrochemical processes and environment-assisted crack growth under static and dynamic atmospheric conditions
Authors: Kramer Patrick , Friedersorf Fritz , Merrill Matthew , Hargarter Carlos M. , Policastro Steven A. , Kim Mark , Brown Nathan
Published: August 2017

Environment-assisted cracking (EAC) of aluminum alloys in corrosive atmospheres is a significant maintenance and safety issue. EAC is influenced by the interaction of stress, environment, and microstructure. Atmospheric conditions and corrosion kinetics are dynamic due to diurnal cycles and changing operating conditions. Temperature, relative humidity, and surface contaminants interact to control thin-film electrolyte properties. Within a crack, the separation of the anode and cathode may occur due to concentration gradients between the crack tip, mouth, and external surface. Conventional immersion testing is not well suited to study factors and interactions leading to atmospheric EAC because the bulk electrolyte conditions for immersion testing are different from the thin-film properties. Additionally, standard three-electrode immersion measurements are not well suited to directly investigate the variation and distribution of cathodic and anodic currents on a sample surface and within an EAC crack. In this work, atmospheric electrochemical tests have been conducted using a segmented, multielectrode sensor with an artificial crevice to quantify local, dynamic anodic and cathodic current distributions. These tests are compared to EAC growth rate measurements. Maximum EAC growth rates are observed when high cathodic current is measured at the tip of artificial crevices, suggesting a hydrogen embrittlement mechanism.
4D assessment of motoric function in a singleton acephalous fetus: the role of the KANET test
Authors: Emir Akhmad Khalief , Andonotopo Wiku , Bachnas Muhammad Adrianes , Sulistyowati Sri , Stanojevic Milan , Kurjak Asim
Published: August 2017

Acephalous fetus in a singleton pregnancy is an extremely rare case. In twin pregnancy, it could be presumed as one type of twin reverse arterial perfusion sequence (TRAPS). In this particular case report, the situation was different. An acephalous fetus developed in a singleton pregnancy and may have been a complication of an amniotic band in the very early weeks of gestation. Nevertheless proving it is still a constraint. Despite that, motor findings in utero by using four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound were very interesting to study. Movement of the acephalous fetus is challenging thought on fetal behavior theory, as brain development and function play the central role. The Kurjak antenatal neurodevelopmental tests (KANET) was used to measure the fetal behavior of this acephalous fetus. A comparison with post natal movement findings was also done to provide a better understanding.
Imatinib quantification in human serum with LC-MS3 as an effective way of protein kinase inhibitor analysis in biological matrices
Authors: Dziadosz Marek , Klintschar Michael , Teske Jörg
Published: August 2017

Background:

As imatinib gained a lot of attention in the field of medicine, appropriate methods are needed for drug analysis. LC-MS/MS combined with complex sample preparation and column enrichment is usually the method of choice when high sensitivity is necessary. The application of LC-MS

Methods:

An LC-MS

Results:

The conditions applied resulted in a limit of detection/quantification value of 0.14/0.45 ng/mL reached without a sophisticated sample preparation technique or enrichment column application. It could be demonstrated that MS

Conclusions:

The presented analytical strategy is an effective way of protein kinase inhibitor analysis in human serum.
Contra (mX;mY )-Semicontinuous Functions in m-Spaces
Authors: Acikgoz Ahu , Noiri Takashi , Tas Nihal
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we introduce the notion of contra (mX;mY)-semicontinuous functions between m-spaces. We obtain many characterizations of these functions and deal with decompositions of the functions and other related functions.
Hermite-Hadamard Type Inequalities for Mtm-Preinvex Functions
Authors: Kashuri Artion , Liko Rozana
Published: August 2017

In the present paper, the notion of MTm-preinvex function is introduced and some new integral inequalities for the left-hand side of Gauss-Jacobi type quadrature formula involving MTm-preinvex functions along with beta function are given. Moreover, some generalizations of Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for MTm-preinvex functions via classical integrals and Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals are established. At the end, some applications to special means are given. These results not only extend the results appeared in the literature (see [13]), but also provide new estimates on these types.
Some Fixed Point Theorems for Almost (GF; δb)-Contractions and Application
Authors: Nashine H. K. , Agarwal R. P. , Shukla S. , Gupta A.
Published: August 2017

We propose a new notion of multi-valued almost (GF; δb)-contractions involving rational terms under δ-distance on b-metric spaces and give its relevance to fixed point results in orbitally complete b-metric spaces. An ordered version of our main result is also proved with some weaker contractive conditions. Some examples are given to show the usability of the results proved herein. Moreover, application of our result to the nonlinear integral equation is given.
A General Coincidence and Fixed Point Theorem for Hybrid Pairs of Mappings Satisfying a Common Coincidence Range Property
Authors: Popa Valeriu , Patriciu Alina-Mihaela
Published: August 2017

In this paper the notion of common coincidence range property is introduced and a general coincidence and fixed point theorem is proved. As applications, new results for mappings satisfying a contractive condition of integral type and for mappings satisfying a φ-contractive condition are obtained.
On Hermite-Hadamard Type Inequalities for Functions Whose First Derivative Absolute Values are Convex and Concave
Authors: Qaisar Shahid , Hussain Sabir
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we derive general integral identity by establishing new Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for functions whose absolute values of derivatives are convex and concave. Cor- responding error estimates for midpoint formula are also included. Moreover, some applications to special means of real numbers are also provided.
Oxytocin effects on experimental skin wound healing
Authors: Sorg Heiko , Grambow Eberhard , Eckl Erik , Vollmar Brigitte
Published: August 2017

Objective:

Oxytocin (OXY) has significant effects on mammalian behavior. Next to its role in lactation and social interactions, it is described to support better wound healing as well. However, direct OXY effects on wound healing and the regeneration of the microvascular network are still not clarified. We therefore examined the effects of OXY and an OXY receptor antagonist [atosiban (ATO)] on skin wound healing, focusing on epithelialization and neovascularization.

Methods:

Skin wound healing has been assessed using intravital fluorescence microscopy in a model of full dermal thickness wounds in the dorsal skin fold chamber of hairless mice. Animals received repetitive low or high doses of OXY or ATO. Morphological and cellular characterization of skin tissue repair was performed by histology and in vitro cell assays.

Results:

The assessment of skin tissue repair using this therapy regimen showed that OXY and ATO had no major influence on epithelialization, neovascularization, wound cellularity, or inflammation. Moreover, OXY and ATO did neither stimulate nor deteriorate keratinocyte or fibroblast migration and proliferation.

Conclusion:

In summary, this study is the first to demonstrate that OXY application does not impair skin wound healing or cell behavior. However, until now, the used transmitter system seems not to be clarified in detail, and it might be proposed that it is associated with the stress response of the organism to various stimuli.
Cardiovascular and metabolic risk in pediatric patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Mooij Christiaan F. , van Herwaarden Antonius E. , Sweep Fred C.G.J. , Roeleveld Nel , de Korte Chris L. , Kapusta Livia , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L.
Published: August 2017

Background:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in pediatric patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was performed in 27 CAH patients (8–16 years). Blood samples were taken to evaluate circulating cardiovascular risk (CVR) markers. Insulin resistance (IR) was evaluated by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR. Blood pressure (BP) was evaluated by office BP measurements and 24-h ambulatory BP measurements (24-h ABPM). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed in patients >12 years.

Results:

Body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) was elevated (0.67), with seven patients being overweight and four obese. DXA scans showed percentage body fat SDS of 1.59. Office BP levels were higher than reference values. Twenty-four hour ABPM showed systolic hypertension (n=5), while 11 patients had a non-dipping BP profile. HOMA-IR was >75th percentile in 12 patients.

Conclusions:

CAH patients develop an unfavorable CVR profile already in childhood with increased BMI, increased fat mass, elevated BP levels, a non-dipping BP profile and IR compared to population reference values.
Heat and Mass Transfer of Unsteady Hydromagnetic Free Convection Flow Through Porous Medium Past a Vertical Plate with Uniform Surface Heat Flux
Authors: El-Aziz Mohamed Abd , Yahya Aishah S.
Published: August 2017

Simultaneous effects of thermal and concentration diffusions in unsteady magnetohydrodynamic free convection flow past a moving plate maintained at constant heat flux and embedded in a viscous fluid saturated porous medium is presented. The transport model employed includes the effects of thermal radiation, heat sink, Soret and chemical reaction. The fluid is considered as a gray absorbing-emitting but non-scattering medium and the Rosseland approximation in the energy equations is used to describe the radiative heat flux for optically thick fluid. The dimensionless coupled linear partial differential equations are solved by using Laplace transform technique. Numerical results for the velocity, temperature, concentration as well as the skin friction coefficient and the rates of heat and mass transfer are shown graphically for different values of physical parameters involved.
Analytical Solution of Displacements Around Circular Openings in Generalized Hoek-Brown Rocks
Authors: Huang Houxu , Li Jie , Wei Jiuqi
Published: August 2017

The rock in plastic region is divided into numbers of elements by the slip lines, resulted from shear localization. During the deformation process, the elements will slip along the slip lines and the displacement field is discontinuous. Slip lines around circular opening in isotropic rock, subjected to hydrostatic stress are described by the logarithmic spirals. Deformation of the plastic region is mainly attributed to the slippage. Relationship between the shear stresses and slippage on slip lines is presented, based on the study of Revuzhenko and Shemyakin. Relations between slippage and rock failure are described, based on the elastic-brittle-plastic model. An analytical solution is presented for the plane strain analysis of displacements around circular openings in the Generalized Hoek-Brown rock. With properly choosing of slippage parameters, results obtained by using the proposed solution agree well with those presented in published sources.
Crystal structure of (E)-1-(4-(((E)-5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)ethan-1-one O-methyl oxime, C16H15BrN2O2
Authors: Zhao Ji-Xing , Zhao Li , Li Peng-Peng , Wang Fei , An Qin-Qin
Published: August 2017

C16H15BrN2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 33.758(5) Å, b = 7.1117(16) Å, c = 6.2194(9) Å, β = 92.133(13)°, V = 1492.1(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0693, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2153, T = 278(4) K.
International Adjudication and Public Opinion in Territorial Disputes: Evidence from a Survey Experiment Using Amazon Mechanical Turk
Authors: Justwan Florian , Fisher Sarah K.
Published: August 2017

This article explores the effects of international adjudication on individual-level attitudes in territorial disputes. In particular, we investigate the micro-foundations for the argument that international court rulings provide political cover for governments settling disputes through unpopular territorial concessions. In an online survey conducted for this project, 494 Indian respondents were confronted with a fictitious foreign policy scenario. A randomized experiment embedded in the survey provides four major findings. First, international adjudication makes citizens more willing to support concessions in border disputes. Second, international courts influence the perceived fairness of comprosmise solutions. Third, legal conflict management mediates the emotional fallout of territorial concessions. Finally, we do not find any evidence for the claim that international adjudication reduces individual-level concerns over commitment problems. By focusing on individual-level data, this article provides an important contribution to the literature on international conflict management.
Criteria for Judging the Quality of a Publication on Physicochemical Stability of Ready to Use Injectable Drugs
Authors: Hecq Jean-Daniel , Bihin Benoit , Jamart Jacques , Galanti Laurence
Published: August 2017

In hospitals, a major part of the drugs is administered via the intravenous route. When one wants to evaluate or know the stability of a drug in solution, it is necessary to know several physico-chemical parameters. Several reference works are available to help the hospital pharmacist with this research. However, reading these different sources can make you discover conflicting data. It is therefore necessary at this time to obtain the publications with contradictory results and to read them again. Seven criteria have been identified for judging the quality of a publication on physicochemical stability: full description of equipment, methods and analytical conditions of molecules studied; complete description of the procedures used to validate the analytical method; full indication of time testing and measurement bases or control; documentation on the analytical reproducibility; adequate statistical analysis; appropriate conclusions; appropriate references. In conclusion, everything in a compatibility study is important.
Multi-level factor analysis of bond risk premia
Authors: Kim Dukpa , Kim Yunjung , Bak Yuhyeon
Published: August 2017

Earlier studies in the finance literature show that macroeconomic fundamentals can predict excess bond returns. We employ a multi-level factor model to estimate global and sectoral factors separately and show that (i) the real factors possess most important predictive power existing in the panel; (ii) the financial factors might have some predictive power but less than the real factors; (iii) the inflation factors have almost no predictive power and (iv) the excess bond returns have a countercyclical component.
The Politics of Mobilizing Local Resources for Growth: ‘Urban Areas’ in Romania
Authors: Petrovici Norbert
Published: August 2017

In this paper I argue that sociology was a key discipline in producing relevant knowledge for managing and reimagining the socialist economic development in Romania. It played a central role in placing economic development at the subnational level, since much of the everyday economics unfolded at the level of the regions, which formed around the emerging cities. I analyse the birth of the ‘urban area’, an academic concept and a policy tool, as it was developed by Miron Constantinescu and his associate Henry H. Stahl. This was the main device that shifted economic growth to the subnational level and allowed the planners to regulate the economy as a set of inter-connected production chains. Sociology was disbanded as an academic discipline in 1948; nonetheless, through the figure of Miron Constantinescu, a key member of the Political Bureau between 1945-1957, it remained a central producer of knowledge through complex institutional arrangements, put in place in the 1950s. These institutions employed sociological figures from the inter-war sociological establishment. Their methodological skills and theoretical endeavours were put to work in applied research. I argue that some strategic developmentalist policies in socialist Romania were strongly shaped by the reworking in Marxist terms of certain key ideas of the Gustian school of a ‘sociology of the nation’.
The Concept of ‘Peasant Embourgeoisement’ in the Perspective of Different Historical Conjunctures
Authors: Vigvári András , Gerőcs Tamás
Published: August 2017

The paper combines the historical analysis of the social transformation of rural Hungary with the evolution of the sociological concept of ‘peasant embourgeoisment’. The authors highlight the long lasting impact of the concept in the understanding of academic knowledge production. The concept was the product of thorough ethnographic studies in the inter- and postwar periods by scholarly intellectuals, whose aim went beyond academic purposes and translated into a political agenda of rural modernization. To make such a methodological combination the authors demonstrate that the global historical context is necessary in the understanding of how knowledge production occurs and interacts at various historical conjunctures, especially during periods of crises.
Maya mortuary landscapes, Central Belize
Authors: Wrobel Gabriel , Michael Amy , Biggs Jack , Helmke Christophe , Morton Shawn , Andres Christopher
Published: August 2017

The Central Belize Archaeological Survey (CBAS) was initiated in 2005 as a sub-project of the Belize Valley Archaeological Reconnaissance project (BVAR; directed by Jaime Awe) to investigate the prehistoric Maya cemetery site of Caves Branch Rockshelter. Subsequently, we began to survey other nearby cave and rockshelter sites (Hardy 2009) and to excavate the monumental civic-ceremonial centre of Deep Valley (Jordan 2008). CBAS became an independent project in 2009, with an increasing focus on sites in the neighbouring Roaring Creek Valley (Figure 1). This slight geographic shift was in part intended to expand bioarchaeological investigations to include dark zone cave contexts identified during the late 1990s by BVAR's Western Belize Regional Cave Project. In the area around these caves, we identified two large, previously unreported civic-ceremonial centres and a network of raised roads (sacbeob) connecting them and other sites. Our survey and excavations at Tipan Chen Uitz (Figure 2) have yielded evidence that it was a regional capital with ties to powerful foreign polities, as attested by the discovery of multiple carved stone monuments (Figure 3; see Andres et al. 2014; Helmke & Andres 2015; Andres et al. in press in Antiquity). We have also continued our investigations of mortuary rockshelters, including Sapodilla Rockshelter in the Caves Branch Valley.
State formation in early medieval Castile: craft production and social complexity
Authors: Grassi Francesca , Quirós Castillo Juan Antonio , Alonso Olazabal Ainhoa , Ortega Luis Angel , Fornacelli Cristina
Published: August 2017

The EARMEDCASTILE project, based at the University of the Basque Country, has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action (grant agreement 656540);http://earmedcastile.blogspot.com).
A human face carved on a pebble from the Late Natufian site of Nahal Ein Gev II
Authors: Grosman Leore , Shaham Dana , Valletta Francesco , Abadi Itay , Goldgeier Hadas , Klein Noa , Dubreuil Laure , Munro Natalie D.
Published: August 2017

There is a paucity of Palaeolithic art in the southern Levant prior to 15 000 years ago. The Natufian culture (15 000–11 500 BP; Grosman 2013) marks a threshold in the magnitude and diversity of artistic manifestations (Bar-Yosef 1997). Nevertheless, depictions of the human form remain rare—only a few representations of the human face have been reported to date. This article presents a 12 000-year-old example unearthed at the Late Natufian site of Nahal Ein Gev II (NEGII), just east of the Sea of Galilee, Israel (Figure 1). The object provides a glimpse into Natufian conventions of human representation, and opens a rare opportunity for deeper understanding of the Natufian symbolic system.
The PLANTCULT Project: identifying the plant food cultures of ancient Europe
Authors: Valamoti Soultana-Maria , Jacomet Stefanie , Stika Hans-Peter , Heiss Andreas G.
Published: August 2017

Plant foods are closely connected to cultural, social and economic aspects of human societies, both past and present. Food-preparation techniques and the etiquette of consumption involve complex interactions of natural resources and human cultures. During European prehistory, these changes included the shift to sedentism, the cultivation and domestication of plants, food storage, the production and exchange of alcoholic beverages and luxury foodstuffs, and the continuous adaptation of established culinary practices to newcomers in fields and gardens.
Re-dating the Ingombe Ilede burials
Authors: McIntosh Susan Keech , Fagan Brian M.
Published: August 2017

Several burials excavated during 1960 at Ingombe Ilede in southern Africa were accompanied by exceptional quantities of gold and glass beads, bronze trade wire and bangles. The burials were indirectly dated to the fourteenth to fifteenth centuries AD, prior to the arrival of the Portuguese on the East Coast of Africa. New AMS dates on cotton fabric from two of the burials now relocate them in the sixteenth century. This was a dynamic period when the Portuguese were establishing market settlements along the Zambezi, generating new demands for trade products from the interior, and establishing trade networks with the Mwene Mutapa confederacy. These new dates invite a reconsideration of Ingombe Ilede's relationship to Swahili and Portuguese trade in the middle Zambezi. This article is followed by four responses and a final comment by the authors.
Post-colonialism, human origins and the paradox of modernity
Authors: Porr Martin , Matthews Jacqueline M.
Published: August 2017

Post-colonial thought affects the heart of Western science. Although there is comparatively little engagement with post-colonial theory in the fields traditionally concerned with human origins or human evolution, it should be of critical importance to Palaeolithic archaeology and human evolutionary studies. Examination of recent literature dealing with so-called modern human origins highlights key neglected aspects of this discourse, namely the status of nature and rationality, and demonstrates how these aspects are entangled with ongoing political and colonial influences on the production of knowledge.
Coastal archaeologies: settlement on the changing North Sea littoral
Authors: Peeters Hans
Published: August 2017

Over the past decade or so, the submerged prehistoric archaeology and landscapes in the area that is known to us today as the North Sea have received increasing attention from both archaeologists and earth scientists. For too long, this body of water was perceived as a socio-cultural obstacle between the prehistoric Continent and the British Isles, the rising sea level a threat to coastal settlers, and the North Sea floor itself an inaccessible submerged landscape. Notwithstanding the many pertinent and pervasive problems that the archaeology of the North Sea still needs to overcome, recent research has made clear that these rather uninspiring beliefs are misplaced.
Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe
Authors: Pikirayi Innocent
Published: August 2017

Although new research suggests multi-directional trajectories in the development of the Zimbabwe Tradition (see Chirikure et al. 2016), regional population shifts need not be discounted, as some of these generated states (e.g. Vigneswaran & Quirk 2015). Oral-historical data from northern Zimbabwe counters persistent but often misleading views of pre-colonial states in south-central Africa as exercising power over static and stationary populations (Pikirayi 1993). Rather, human mobility shaped, among other things, the Zimbabwe Culture's spatial features, its strategies for accumulating power and managing resources, and the regional political, social and economic actors to which it was connected. This occurred with the demise of Great Zimbabwe from the second half of the fifteenth century and for much of the sixteenth. Ingombe Ilede attests to post mid fifteenth-century regional shifts in patterns of trade that would lure the Portuguese to south-central Africa from the early sixteenth century onwards. The Zambezi became the preferred inland route. Great Zimbabwe's expansionary thrusts to control this trade undermined its own political control over the southern Zimbabwe plateau, as this spawned new political formations like the Mwene Mutapa state and other polities, including Ingombe Ilede.
A stable relationship: isotopes and bioarchaeology are in it for the long haul
Authors: Britton Kate
Published: August 2017

Given their ubiquity in dietary reconstruction, it is fitting that the story of isotopes began with a conversation over dinner. Although coined in scientific literature by Frederick Soddy (1913), the word ‘isotope’ was first conceived by Margaret Todd, a medical doctor (also known as the novelist ‘Graham Travers’, and an all-round gender-stereotype-smasher of their age). In 1912, Soddy and Todd were attending a supper in Glasgow. When talk turned to work, Soddy described the then nameless concept of elements of different masses that occupy the same place in the periodic table. Todd suggested the term ‘isotope’, from the Greekisos(‘same’) +topos(‘place’), and the name stuck (Nicol 1957; Nagel 1982).
New bioarchaeological approaches to care in the past
Authors: Halcrow Siân E.
Published: August 2017

Until a few years ago the bioarchaeology of care was a topic very rarely touched upon. Stimulated in large part by the innovative work by Tilley and colleagues, which provides a socially contextualised model to interpret the implications of health care in the past (Tilley & Oxenham 2011; Tilley 2015), this is now a burgeoning field in bioarchaeology. The two volumes on care in the past under review here showcase leading research in this emerging field, emphasising the social aspects of care in palaeopathological cases of disability. These volumes also illustrate the value of bioarchaeological consideration of the social implications of care provision, abuse and neglect of infants and children, as well as a consideration of care for animals in the past.
Calcium Circadian Rhythmicity in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Modulation
Authors: Noguchi Takako , Leise Tanya L. , Kingsbury Nathaniel J. , Diemer Tanja , Wang Lexie L. , Henson Michael A. , Welsh David K.
Published: August 2017

Circadian rhythms of mammalian physiology and behavior are coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus. Within SCN neurons, various aspects of cell physiology exhibit circadian oscillations, including circadian clock gene expression, levels of intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i), and neuronal firing rate. [Ca2+]ioscillates in SCN neurons even in the absence of neuronal firing. To determine the causal relationship between circadian clock gene expression and [Ca2+]irhythms in the SCN, as well as the SCN neuronal network dependence of [Ca2+]irhythms, we introduced GCaMP3, a genetically encoded fluorescent Ca2+indicator, into SCN neurons from PER2::LUC knock-in reporter mice. Then, PER2 and [Ca2+]iwere imaged in SCN dispersed and organotypic slice cultures. In dispersed cells, PER2 and [Ca2+]iboth exhibited cell autonomous circadian rhythms, but [Ca2+]irhythms were typically weaker than PER2 rhythms. This result matches the predictions of a detailed mathematical model in which clock gene rhythms drive [Ca2+]irhythms. As predicted by the model, PER2 and [Ca2+]irhythms were both stronger in SCN slices than in dispersed cells and were weakened by blocking neuronal firing in slices but not in dispersed cells. The phase relationship between [Ca2+]iand PER2 rhythms was more variable in cells within slices than in dispersed cells. Both PER2 and [Ca2+]irhythms were abolished in SCN cells deficient in the essential clock geneBmal1. These results suggest that the circadian rhythm of [Ca2+]iin SCN neurons is cell autonomous and dependent on clock gene rhythms, but reinforced and modulated by a synchronized SCN neuronal network.
The Study of Animal Behavior Provides Valuable Opportunities for Original Science Fair Projects: Recommendations from The Animal Behavior Society, Education Committee
Authors: Braude Stan , Margulis Susan , Broder E. Dale
Published: August 2017

The study of Animal Behavior is critically important in understanding our living world and is a major program within the NSF. For students, animal behavior projects offer the opportunity to explore original questions in a scientifically rigorous manner. However, animal behavior projects are under-represented in science fairs and are often discouraged by teachers and judges. We give a sample of the types of questions that students could explore and we suggest appropriate judging criteria.
Beyond Reflection: Using ePortfolios for Formative Assessment to Improve Student Engagement in Non-Majors Introductory Science
Authors: Fuller Karla
Published: August 2017

Success rates in non-majors introductory biology courses tend to be lower than those in courses for majors. The use of student learning ePortfolios correlates with increased retention and improved learning. Additionally, when ePortfolios are used for periodic formative assessment, they have been shown to stimulate student response to feedback and improve the quality of student work—both indicators of increased student engagement. In our study, the implementation of low-stake assignments in ePortfolio fostered a dialogue between the instructor and student outside of class time and provided opportunities for formative assessment of individual student and overall class learning prior to larger, high-stakes summative assessments. Furthermore, ePortfolio allowed the instructor to give students feedback on their work, creating opportunities for confirmation of learning or extended learning outside of class. Through intentional and embedded use of ePortfolios, we have created a learning environment that fosters more interaction with course material outside of class, better assignment turn-in rates, and improved exam scores, for increased success rates in the course. These results describe a promising intervention that can improve success rates in introductory biology courses.
An Innovative Approach to Incorporating the Use of Cadavers in High School Human Anatomy and Physiology Courses
Authors: Achilly Kim
Published: August 2017

Making the study of the human anatomy and physiology authentic and clinically relevant poses many challenges. Described herein is a program that, through the use of medical school cadavers, provides high school students a unique experience to enhance their clinically based study of human anatomy and physiology. The program incorporates many learning modalities as well as problem-based team learning and can be a feasible addition to many high school anatomy programs.
An Interactive, Instant Polling Exercise to Allay Student Anxiety in Science Courses
Authors: Thiet Rachel K.
Published: August 2017

Many high school and undergraduate students enter science courses feeling intimidated by course content and unsure of their abilities. Teachers are frequently challenged in mixed-level and interdisciplinary courses to ascertain and honor students’ levels and areas of experience. In these cases, the application of critical pedagogy techniques can create a culture of caring and thereby allay student anxiety and increase student motivation and success. Here I describe a simple instant polling exercise that employs critical pedagogy to stimulate dialogue about students’ experiences with course content. This exercise is especially useful for mixed-level and interdisciplinary science courses, and can be easily adapted for small or large classes.
Hotel Belmar: Analytical Review of the Challenges Facing an Eco-Hotel in Costa Rica
Authors: Reed Marlene M. , Palich Les
Published: August 2017

The owners of the Hotel Belmar, an eco-hotel in Monteverde, Costa Rica, were concerned about the acceptance of their sustainability practices by guests. In September 2013, the hotel had adopted a sustainability program and had applied it to their hotel, restaurant, garden, animal farm, and microbrewery. However, the owners had received complaints about issues arising from their environmentally friendly practices such as the presence of bugs and rodents, the lack of televisions in the rooms, and a problem with heat in the summer and cold in the winter due to the lack of heating and air conditioning in the hotel. Pedro, the hotel's manager, wondered how he could identify and reach guests who might enjoy the environmentally friendly eco-hotel and deal with the complaints that arose from the hotel's sustainable practices.
Culinary Politics in Japan: The Shokuiku Campaign
Authors: Assmann Stephanie
Published: August 2017

In 2005, the Basic Law of Food Education (shokuiku kihon-hō) was enacted in Japan in response to a rise of lifestyle-related conditions and a high dependency on food imports. The enactment of this law was followed by a nationwide food education campaign—referred to as the shokuiku campaign—in collaboration with the ministerial bureaucracy and a number of food-related NGOs. In this article I assess how the Japanese state has revived the historical concept of food education (shokuiku) in the wider context of food governance. Shokuiku originated in the Meiji period (1868–1912) when food education provided nutritional guidelines that sought to enable Japanese citizens to cope with the demands of modernity. These objectives have shifted. The current revival of shokuiku is an anti-globalization force that seeks to improve the nation's eating habits and support ailing rural economies.
Motivación, estrategias de aprendizaje y su relación con el nivel de habilidades investigativas en estudiantes de posgrado. Un estudio piloto
Authors: Alfaro Carballido Dahiana , Evaristo Chiyong Teresa , Ayala de la Vega Gerardo , Palomino Castro César , León-Manco Roberto , Quitzgaard Alvarez Alberto
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la motivación y el uso de estrategias de aprendizaje en el nivel de habilidades investigativas en estudiantes de posgrado de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Materiales y método: Se encuestaron 52 estudiantes que representan el 43,3% del total, pertenecientes a los programas de maestría y especialidades. El 58,8% de estudiantes eran del sexo masculino y el 41,2% del sexo femenino los cuales fueron seleccionados en forma aleatoria. Se utilizó el cuestionario de estrategias de aprendizaje y motivación CEAM y un cuestionario para evaluar las habilidades investigativas el cual fue previamente validado. Resultados: Se encontró asociación entre la motivación, estrategias de aprendizaje y habilidades investigativas de los estudiantes OR=0,14 (IC 95%: 0,04-0,6) y correlación moderada rs = 0,64 (p<0,001). Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de posgrado en Odontología tienen un nivel de habilidades investigativas, motivación y uso de estrategias de aprendizaje nivel medio, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a las características sociodemográficas y educacionales de los estudiantes. Se concluye que los estudiantes que usan estrategias de aprendizaje y motivación tienen un 0,14 más probabilidades de tener mejores habilidades investigativas.
Estereolitografía en Odontología: Revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Leiva Noemí , Carranza Francisca , Sat Ignacia
Published: August 2017

Uno de los sistemas de prototipado más utilizado en odontología es la estereolitografÍa. El uso eficiente de la estereolitografía en Odontología ya está bien consolidado y demostrado en la práctica y en la literatura. Posee múltiples aplicaciones especialmente en las especia-lidades de ortodoncia, implantología, cirugía maxilofacial, traumatología maxilofacial y pró-tesis maxilofacial. A pesar de que la maquinaria en la técnica de estereolitografía presenta un alto costo, esta tecnología está cada vez más presente en la práctica odontológica como recurso auxiliar para casos complejos.
Description Methods of Kalotaszeg’s Landscape Character
Authors: Eplényi Anna
Published: August 2017

The article introduces ethnographically relevant aspects of landscape character and historic land use patterns for a better understanding of vernacular descriptions of landscape characteristics through the case study of Kalotaszeg (Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania). Eight topics are discussed based on hand-drawn site analysis maps and historic records: geomorphology and landform types of the Kalotaszeg terrain; water tributary system with mills; a drawn aerial model of zones; description of forest types and borderlands; history, typology and aesthetic issues of the lynchet system; landscape patterns like wooded pastures, orchards and vineyards; the results of analytical land use statistics and retrogressive analyses of landscape historical events and relicts; and finally a summary of the uniformity and diversity of Kalotaszeg and its zones.
Ecological Concepts and Categories in Ecological Anthropology
Authors: Borsos Balázs
Published: August 2017

Borrowing concepts, principles and categories of other disciplines unavoidably raise problems of their correct use in the host discipline. In this article, the author intends to analyze the use of ecological categories and concepts in ecological anthropology. First the definition of ecology and its related and sub-disciplines in natural sciences are investigated. The main body of the article deals with some basic ecological categories, such as ecosystem, population and niche, comparing the potentials of using their concepts both in ecology and anthropology, relying on the works and ideas of different anthropologists who introduced them in their analyses and explanations about the character of specific cultures (e. g. Barth, Rappaport, Singh et al.). Finally, the author comes to the conclusion that the theoretical definitions of all these categories are wide enough to use them in ecological anthropology as well, but the practice of ecology interprets them in a narrower sense and the different levels of ecological investigation are based on this narrow sense. The summary of the article claims that there are several ways of applying ecological methods in human sciences, but they will give way either to disciplines yet to be developed or to a scientific practice not without contradictions.
‘Innovation from the Past.’ Silvopastoral Systems in Hungary in the Light of Hungarian Ethnographic Literature
Authors: Varga Anna
Published: August 2017

Silvopastoral systems are a crucial part of the European cultural landscape and biocultural heritage. In Hungary, due to the intensification of agriculture and forestry management, silvopastoral practices were nearly totally abandoned during the last decades. In this paper, I review Hungarian ethnographic literature to discover the traditional silvopastoral management of Hungary. The papers were published in Hungarian, mainly in different ethnographic journals and in several books. In Hungary, until the passage of the Forest and Pastureland Separation Act (1853), forest grazing was a free right along with other silvopastoral methods, except pannage. Woodlands were natural shelters and sources of diverse fodder. Collecting leaf-fodder, leaf-litter, wild fruit and acorn were integral and common parts of traditional extensive livestock husbandry. The importance of silvopastoral systems increased during extreme weather conditions. All of them were controlled to avoid overuse and forest damage. Today, wood pasture management and illegal forest grazing is still alive, but the new forest law once again gives permission for regulated forest grazing in some cases. The openness towards silvopastoral managements is influenced by the new agroforestry innovations movement.