bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employees’ Perceptions on Effective Communication Channels – A Case Study From Albanian Banking Sector
Authors: Kurti Sllavka , Dollani Petrit
Published: July 2019

Research purpose. This paper aims at identifying and evaluating the means of communication used and the perceived barriers from employees of the banking system in Albania. The following research questions were formulated: (a) What are the means of communication used in vertical and horizontal communications? (b) Which mean is preferred and valued as the most effective? (c) Which are the barriers that hinder the effective communication flow in these organizations?

Design/Methodology/Approach. A structured questionnaire was addressed to 120 employees of 3 different commercial banks in Tirana, Albania, out of which 100 fully answered questionnaires were received. The questionnaire is divided into three main parts, each of which has two subcategories, and the valuation used for each question is according to the Likert scale from 1 (very few) to 5 (a lot).

Findings. E-mail is the most used communication tool vertically, whereas phone and e-mail are added at the horizontal one. Employee preferences are mostly for e-mail and face-to-face communication vertically and phone and e-mail horizontally. Time pressure and overload of information are perceived as main barriers vertically, whereas distractions are mentioned as biggest hindrance horizontally.

Originality/Value/Practical implications. We suggest that the managers of organizations in the banking sector should properly consider these two communication tools and create suitable conditions for their use. The employees themselves use more of those tools as, according to their perception during communication with colleagues, those tools improve their effectiveness. Other similar studies might be conducted in different types of organizations to point out similarities and contrasts with banking sector.
Market-to-Book Ratio and Creative Industries– Example of Polish Video Games Developers
Authors: Rydzewski Rafał
Published: July 2019

Research purpose. There are many reasons for which a growing interest in research and analysis of video game developers is observed. First, it results from attractive high rates of return on investment in this sector. Second, video games developers, in the author’s opinion, constitute a good combination of business and culture which is a ground for development of creative industry. A capital-intensive process of production and the intangibility of video games cause a problem in valuation of developers. Market participants who value future cash flows are in conflict with a historical cost approach used in accounting. This leads to a question of whether the confrontation of these two extreme ways of valuation could be a valuable measure of unrecognised assets for the analysis of video games sector and, as a consequence, of creative industry. The aim of the study is to explore a possible role and use of market-to-book ratio for analysis of this sector.

Design/Methodology/Approach. The study starts with a literature review on market-to-book ratio applied to knowledge-based industries. The second part of the research is a comparison of results obtained for 19 biggest listed representatives of the video games sector in Poland to other sectors of Warsaw Stock Exchange. Further analysis juxtaposes the selected Polish representatives with world’s biggest ones in this sector. This will allow to draw conclusions about the usefulness of the examined ratio.

Findings. The research shows that the video games sector represents noticeably higher level of market-to book ratio than other industries in Poland and is comparable to the world’s representatives. It can be stated that the market’s valuation takes into account unrecognised assets (intellectual capital), which are greatly related to possible future cash flows. What is interesting is that, for some of the selected Polish companies, market-to-book ratio keeps decreasing compared to the levels at IPO. This refers to market efficiency in relation to possible speculative bubbles which companies of this sector are often accused of.

Originality/Value/Practical implications. The obtained results are applicable to the investors, analysts and managers of this sector. The research conducted enables a better understanding of the market-to-book ratio as an indicator of economic standing of creative industry companies and its earnings’ prediction.
“The Narrative is Ambiguous and that Location Isn’t the Right Location”: Presenting and Interpreting Medieval Saints Today in Canterbury, Durham and York
Authors: Sepp Tiina
Published: July 2019

Drawing on research for the Pilgrimage and England’s Cathedrals, Past and Present project, this article explores how the project’s medieval case study cathedrals – Canterbury, Durham and York – present their saints and shrines, and how visitors react to and interpret them. While looking at various narratives – predominantly about saints in historical and contemporary contexts – attached to these cathedrals, I also aim to offer some glimpses into how people interact with and relate to space. I argue that beliefs and narratives about saints play a significant role in the pilgrimage culture of the cathedral. I will also explore how the lack of a clear central narrative about the saint leaves a vacancy that will be filled with various other narratives.
“Fortune Telling is a Curse on Your Children”: Conver Sion, Fort Une Telling, and Beliefs in Magic Among Roma Women in Estonia
Authors: Roht-Yilmaz Eva-Liisa
Published: July 2019

Missionary work by Pentecostal Finnish Roma (Kaale)1 started among the Roma in Estonia during the 1980s. These mission activities, carried out by both Finns and local Roma, intensified over the next two decades and continue today. The article looks into a specific case of how converted (Pentecostal and Baptist) and non-converted (Russian Orthodox, Lutheran, Catholic) Roma women in Estonia conceptualise the practice of fortune telling. For this purpose, the role of fortune telling as a traditional Roma skill and occupation is discussed as a part of the conceptualisation, together with the possible efficacy of fortune telling and its relation to beliefs in magic that also shape the women’s attitudes towards it. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, the article argues that although fortune telling is considered satanic by born-again believers and is therefore abandoned, its condemnation is not straightforward in less controlled narration situations, thus posing an extra challenge for Roma women in the conversion process.
Electrochemical reduction of azo dyes mimicking their biotransformation to more toxic products
Authors: Pietruk Konrad , Piątkowska Marta , Olejnik Małgorzata
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Some azo dyes, including Sudans I–IV and Para Red, are genotoxic and may be biotransformed to cancerogenic aromatic amines. They are banned as food and feed additives, but their presence has been detected in food. Aromatic amines are also considered potentially toxic. Online EC–MS is a promising tool to study the transformation mechanisms of xenobiotics such as azo dyes. The aim of the study was to investigate emulation of how azo dyes are enzymatically transformed to amines with EC–MS.

Material and Methods

The reduction reactions of five azo dyes (Sudans I–IV and Para Red) were conducted using a glassy carbon working electrode and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Reduction results were compared with the literature and in silico to select preliminary candidates for metabolites. The LC-MS/MS method was used to confirm results obtained by electrochemical reactor.

Results

A limited number of pre-selected compounds were confirmed as azo dyes metabolites – aniline for Sudan I, aniline and 4-aminoazobenzene for Sudan III, o-toluidine for Sudan IV, and 4-nitroaniline for Para Red. No metabolites were found for Sudan II.

Conclusions

Electrochemistry–mass spectrometry was successfully applied to azo dyes. This approach may be used to mimic the metabolism of azo dyes, and therefore predict products of biotransformation.
Cracking of the End Diaphragm of a Post-tensioned Beam Bridge
Authors: Kuusela Mikko , Asp Olli , Laaksonen Anssi
Published: July 2019

In concrete beam bridges, the end diaphragm at the end of the bridge is a common structural component that connects the main beams and transfers the beam loads to the bridge bearings. In integral bridges the end diaphragm also retains the soil of embankments due to the absence of abutments. Cracking of the front surface on the end diaphragm has been detected in post-tensioned beam bridges in Finland and Sweden. Presumably the post-tensioning of the bridge and the shaping and detailing of the connection of the end diaphragm and main beam have an effect on cracking tendency. The aim of this study is to examine the structural behaviour and the cracking potential of end diaphragms using linear analysis of the post-tensioned bridge and to find measures to prevent the cracking.

The observations collected through field surveys are compared to results of linear FE analysis to clarify the cause of the cracking. The verification of model is performed by comparison of patterns of cracking observed in field surveys and the distribution of maximum tensile stresses in the FE model. With model variations, the effectiveness of measures for the prevention of cracking are observed.
A Refined Model for Predicting Concrete-Related Failure Load of Tension Loaded Cast-in-Place Headed Anchors in Uncracked Concrete
Authors: Nilforoush Rasoul
Published: July 2019

Current theoretical models for predicting the concrete cone breakout capacity of tension loaded headed anchors do not consider the influence of member thickness, size of anchor head, and orthogonal surface reinforcement. In the present study, the influence of the aforementioned parameters was studied both numerically and experimentally. Both the numerical and experimental results showed that the tensile resistance of headed anchors increases by increasing the member thickness or if orthogonal surface reinforcement is present. In addition, the anchorage capacity further increases with increase of the anchor head size.

The current model for predicting the concrete cone failure load of tension loaded headed anchors were refined and extended by incorporating three modification factors to account for the influence of the member thickness, size of anchor head, and orthogonal surface reinforcement. The accuracy of the proposed model was verified based on the results of 124 tests on single headed anchors from literature.
Comparison of Punching Shear Design in Finland According to the Current and the Former Method
Authors: Lehtonen Tuomas , Hirvikoski Matias , Rajamäki Julius
Published: July 2019

In the beginning of 2017 the design method for punching shear in Finland was changed. The method presented in Eurocode 2 was adopted with some nationally determined parameters and rules. During 2016 and 2017 computational analyses were conducted to compare the previous national design method and the new one. Comparison setups were created in which different parameters were varied. The results were presented the predicted punching resistances differ differences are significant and can be almost 60% in some cases.
Stability of Air Content in Fresh Concretes with PCE-Based Superplasticizers
Authors: Al-Neshawy Fahim , Ojala Teemu , Punkki Jouni
Published: July 2019

Air contents of concrete are necessary for concrete durability in freeze-thaw exposure. According to the Finnish concrete code, the target value for air content varies between 4% and 5.5% for XF - exposure classes. Lately in Finland, some cases showed an elevation of air contents up to 15% in fresh air-entrained concrete at construction site and in drilled concrete samples.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the stability of air entrainment by measuring the air content elevation 30 minutes and 60 minutes after concrete mixing and investigating the concrete sensitivity to segregation. Composition of concretes used in this study include 7 different combination of PCE based superplasticizer and air-entraining agent admixtures, cement content of 425 kg/m3, two consistency classes S3 with water to cement ration of 0.33 and F5 with water to cement ration of 0.38. One cement type was used for all concrete mixes. The concretes were mixed for 2 minutes and 5 minutes mixing times.

The results show that the elevation of the air content of fresh concrete depends on the consistency of the concrete and on the used combination of superplasticizer and air-entraining agents. The higher consistency classes concretes have more risk of air elevation with some combinations of PCE-based superplasticizers and air-entraining agents. The results also indicate that short mixing time would not be enough to achieve total effectivity of some air-entraining agents, especially for higher consistency classes concrete.
Wheel running induced by intermittent food schedules
Authors: Gutiérrez-Ferre Valeria E. , Pellón Ricardo
Published: July 2019

Sixteen naïve male Wistar rats were exposed to intermittent food delivery to measure the development of schedule-induced wheel running, using fixed time (FT) 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 s schedules, counterbalanced across animals according to a Latin square design (except under the FT 480 s, which was always presented last to complete the data set). Rats were also exposed to a massed-food control condition. Wheel running was induced in the range of 30-240 s with a gradation as a function of inter-food interval (IFI) length. The temporal distribution of wheel turns was generally presented in the form of an inverted U-shaped as IFIs progressed, showing maximum responding during the first portion of the interval. The introduction of massed-food resulted in an immediate reduction in wheel running. These results support the notion that wheel running can be schedule-induced and categorized into the so-called adjunctive behaviors. These data indicate that IFI length affects the development of schedule-induced wheel running and that the rate of wheel running is maintained by intermittent reinforcement, which are common characteristics of schedule-induced behaviors. Likewise, this idea is supported by the occurrence of a similar temporal pattern to that found with other adjunctive behaviors, such as schedule-induced polydipsia, with its maximum manifestation occurring between the beginning and middle of IFIs.
Vertical Mapping of Auditory Loudness: Loud is High, but Quiet is not Always Low
Authors: Puigcerver Laura , Rodríguez-Cuadrado Sara , Gómez-Tapia Víctor , Navarra Jordi
Published: July 2019

Although the perceptual association between verticality and pitch has been widely studied, the link between loudness and verticality is not fully understood yet. While loud and quiet sounds are assumed to be equally associated crossmodally with spatial elevation, there are perceptual differences between the two types of sounds that may suggest the contrary. For example, loud sounds tend to generate greater activity, both behaviourally and neurally, than quiet sounds. Here we investigated whether this difference percolates into the crossmodal correspondence between loudness and verticality. In an initial phase, participants learned one-to-one arbitrary associations between two tones differing in loudness (82dB vs. 56dB) and two coloured rectangles (blue vs. yellow). During the experimental phase, they were presented with the two-coloured stimuli (each one located above or below a central “departure” point) together with one of the two tones.

Participants had to indicate which of the two-coloured rectangles corresponded to the previously-associated tone by moving a mouse cursor from the departure point towards the target. The results revealed that participants were significantly faster responding to the loud tone when the visual target was located above (congruent condition) than when the target was below the departure point (incongruent condition). For quiet tones, no differences were found between the congruent (quiet-down) and the incongruent (quiet-up) conditions. Overall, this pattern of results suggests that possible differences in the neural activity generated by loud and quiet sounds influence the extent to which loudness and spatial elevation share representational content.
Ludwig Lachmann as a Theorist of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Horwitz Steven
Published: July 2019

One of the distinctive features of the Austrian School of Economics has been its emphasis on the entrepreneur as central to the market process. One 20th century Austrian whose work is normally not thought of as making a major contribution to the Austrian theory of entrepreneurship is Ludwig Lachmann. However, a careful reading of his 1956 book Capital and its Structure can tease out a theory of the function of the entrepreneur that is distinctly different from that of Israel Kirzner, yet still clearly situated in an Austrian conception of the market process. In this contribution, I want to emphasize two points that have been raised by previous work on Lachmann, but not explored in any detail. The first is that Lachmann’s conception of entrepreneurship is deeply bound up with the need to engage in monetary calculation thanks to the heterogeneity of capital and uncertainty of the future. For Lachmann, the key function of the entrepreneur is to “specify” the uses of capital goods. Such specification requires the use of money prices and what Mises called monetary calculation. The second contribution is to offer more detail on the way in which entrepreneurs both creatively specify and re-specify the uses of their capital goods in response to profit and loss signals. The constant shuffling and reshuffling of capital goods, of which coming up with new products or new twists to old ones are a part, is the essence of Lachmann’s implicit vision of entrepreneurship. For Lachmann, entrepreneurship is bound up with resource ownership and deployment through the creation and revision of plans in ways that are much more active than Kirzner’s conception of the entrepreneur.
Menger’s Anti-Historical Method Versus the Neoclassical Anti-Historical Method
Authors: Machaj Mateusz
Published: July 2019

Due to the famous methodenstreit it is often well argued that Menger’s approach to social sciences can be seen as anti-historical, as according to him pure empirical studies are insufficient to establish a firm economic theory. By suggesting that some theorems have to precede historical studies, Menger may be seen as a representative of the a priori tradition in scientific method. The modern method in the mainstream of economic thinking is also to a large extent anti-historical and a priori, but because of its lack of realism and extensive reliance on very limiting assumptions. The main strength of the Mengerian anti-historical approach is lesser faith in imaginary constructs, implying a higher degree of realism in theorizing.
Ludwig Lachmann and the Austrians
Authors: Lewin Peter
Published: July 2019

Ludwig Lachmann looked to the Austrian School of economics as an intellectual space of refuge from the sterile formalism that constituted the academic work of the mainstream economics establishment. From an early interest in capital-theory, he moved to broader epistemological, methodological, and institutional concerns – specifically, from the subjectivism of values to the subjectivism of expectations and the implications thereof for human action. Human action in disequilibrium was his central focus. This paper examines the relationship of Lachmann’s views to the Austrians, those who preceded him, those of his time, and those who have come after him. During his lifetime his views sometimes provoked controversy. I examine this from the perspective of 2017 and the concerns of the modern Austrian intellectual community and find that Lachmann’s views are surprisingly much more complementary to those of his contemporary Austrians than has perhaps hitherto been realized.
Time, Capital, and Technological Progress in the Austrian School of Economics
Authors: Ciborowski Robert W. , Kargol-Wasiluk Aneta , Zalesko Marian
Published: July 2019

The article investigates the significance of time, the nature of capital, and the role of technological progress in economic processes. The presented analysis of the three economic categories makes use of the theoretical achievements of notable representatives of the Austrian School of Economics, for whom a creative entrepreneur was the main protagonist of the interactions taking place in the economy. The above-mentioned economic categories, taken together, are for him the foundation of human activity. The time factor is of great importance for man – individuals constantly analyse historical events so as to attain success in contemporary economic reality, and in the future. Capital is the basis for economic calculation, which underpins all entrepreneurial activity. Technological progress, which happens in time and requires considerable capital outlay, is the driving force of economic growth.
The Role of Rhetoric in Economics and Economy*
Authors: Czech Sławomir
Published: July 2019

In this paper we attempt to show that rhetoric plays an important role in economics as a science and in economy as a social system. Our task is rather demonstrative, but it aims at stripping away the illusion that economics has acquired a status equal to the natural sciences, in which there is no place for subjectivism and ambiguity. Economics belongs, after all, to the realm of the social sciences and as such it is subject to the limitations of human cognition and understanding. We show that economics as a science is not free from employing sophisticated methods of persuasion and rhetoric. Next, we also try to demonstrate that rhetoric can be a useful tool in creating economic reality. It does not have influence on economic processes per se, but it is helpful in constructing an institutional architecture of the economy by influencing public opinion and decision makers.
Austrian Economics and the Evolutionary Paradigm*
Authors: Beck Naomi , Witt Ulrich
Published: July 2019

This article discusses the challenges raised by the inclusion of evolutionary elements in the theories of Carl Menger, Joseph Schumpeter, and Friedrich Hayek. Each adopted an idiosyncratic position in terms of method of inquiry, focus, and general message. The breadth of the topics and phenomena they cover testifies to the great variety of interpretations and potential uses of evolutionary concepts in economics. Menger, who made no reference to Darwin’s theory, advanced an “organic” view of the emergence of social institutions. Schumpeter elaborated an original theory of industrial development based on the recurrent emergence and dissemination of innovations. Hayek adopted the biological notion of group selection and made it the central element in his theory of cultural evolution and the rise of the free market. The chapter concludes with a preliminary evaluation of the possible role that evolutionary theorizing might play in the future development of Austrian economics.
Taxonomic Position of Anastrangalia reyi and A. sequensi (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) Based on Molecular and Morphological Data
Authors: Zamoroka A. M. , Semaniuk D. V. , Shparyk V. Yu. , Mykytyn T.V. , Skrypnyk S. V.
Published: July 2019

Anastrangalia reyi (Heyden, 1889) and Anastrangalia sequensi (Reitter, 1898) are morphologically similar species described in late of XIX century. The recent barcoding revealed that A. reyi is almost identical to another species, Anastrangalia dubia (Scopoli, 1763), by the sequence of nucleotides in cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI). Consequently, the taxonomic position of these species is unclear. We have conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of available data of COI sequences combined with a study of morphological characters of the male genitalia of A. reyi, A. sequensi and A. dubia. Based on 87 sequenced samples we built well-resolved phylogenetic maximum likelihood tree. We found the clades of A. dubia, A. reyi and A. sequensi to be closely related and arranged in the dense cluster. Despite this, numerous cases of introgressive hybridization of A. reyi and A. dubia were identified, indicating an inadequate reproductive barrier between them. The study of morphological features of male genitalia of A. reyi, A. sequensi and A. dubia shows minor differences between them. Based on these facts and the results of the phylogenetic analysis we propose to consider A. reyi and A. sequensi to be subspecies of A. dubia.
The First Records of Corynoptera species (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Ukraine
Authors: Babytskiy A. I. , Zuieva O. A. , Bezsmertna O. O. , Dudiak I. D.
Published: July 2019

Five species of black fungus gnats of the genus Corynoptera Winnertz, 1867, C. perpusilla Winnertz, 1867, C. praeparvula Mohrig & Krivosheina, 1983, C. subparvula Tuomikoski, 1960, C. concinna (Winnertz, 1867), and C. hypopygialis (Lengersdorf, 1926) are recorded from Ukraine for the first time. Also C. concinna is firstly recorded from Hungary. Distributions of these species are summarized and diagnoses of the species are provided.
Influence of Temperature on Breaking Diapause, Development and Emergence of Megachile minutissima (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)
Authors: Kamel S. M. , Osman M. A. M. , Mahmoud M. F. , Haggag El-S. I. , Aziz A. R. , Shebl M. A.
Published: July 2019

The leafcutting bee, Megachile minutissima Radoszkowski, 1876, is a valuable pollinator of alfalfa grown for seed production in Egypt. In order to control adult emergence of M. minutissima to be synchronized with the expected changes in flowering times of alfalfa crop, breaking the prepupal diapause to initiate the subsequent developmental stages of this insect pollinator is necessary. Laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate the influence of incubation temperature at 30 ± 0.4 °C after different intervals of cold storage at 10 ± 0. 4 °C on loose bee cells containing diapaused prepupae, which were obtained during the previous season from the successful nesting straws of the artificial nests. Results indicated that the shortest incubation time required for breaking prepupal diapause was about 12 and 19 days to reach the pupal and adult stages, respectively. The percentage of emerged adults was about 60 % at 152 days cold store, and gradually decreased with the increase of cold storage periods in 2009. Meanwhile, the percentage of emerged adults ranged between 40–60 % at all cold storage periods in 2010. Moreover, the results indicated that the optimal period of cold storage at 10 ± 0.4 °C for diapaused prepupae in their loose cells should be between 146 to 153 days, where the maximum rate of adult emergence was occurred. The maximum rate of newly emerged males and females of M. minutissima was recorded at 10 % and 26 % in April 26, 2009 and 30 % and 20 % in May 4, 2010, respectively. However, the minimum rate of adult emergence was occurred in August, September and October months.
The Ecology of Others by Philippe Descola
Authors: Moore Sandra
Published: July 2019

Descola, Philippe. The Ecology of Others. Translated by Geneviève Godbout and Benjamin P. Luley. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press. 2013. 91 pages.
IMPLIKASI PENERAPAN, KEWAJIBAN DAN KEMUDAHAN PENGGUNAAN E-SPT PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI (PPN) PADA EFISIENSI PEMROSESAN DATA PERPAJAKAN
Authors: Paramitha Melvie
Published: July 2019

Pada dasarnya penerimaan pajak merupakan penghasilan tertinggi di suatu Negara. Dengan adanya penghasilan pajak, negara dapat membangun sarana publik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efisiensi pemrosesan data perpajakan yang ditinjau dari penerapan, kewajiban dan kemudahan penggunaan e-SPT PPN. KPP Pratama Gubeng merupakan salah satu kantor pelayanan pajak di Surabaya yang melayani berbagai pembayaran maupun pelaporan pajak. KPP Pratama Gubeng termasuk KPP yang paling besar jumlah Pengusaha Kena Pajak dibanding KPP lainnya seperti KPP Indrapura dan Genteng. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan dan kemudahan e-SPT PPN berpengaruh dalam efisiensi pemrosesan data perpajakan karena memiliki tingkat signifikan < 0,05, sedangkan kewajiban e-SPT PPN tidak berpengaruh dalam efisiensi pemrosesan data perpajakan karena memiliki tingkat signifikan >0,05
Kualitas Corporate Social Responsibility dan Penghindaran Pajak dengan Kepemilikan Keluarga sebagai Moderator
Authors: Tjondro Elisa
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian adalah meneliti pengaruh corporate social responsibily (CSR) terhadap penghindaran pajakdengan kepemilikan keluarga sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian ini mencoba membandingkan dua indikator CSR, yaitu CSR disclosure dan CSR award, dan menguji pengaruhnya terhadap penghindaran pajak. Berikutnya penelitian ini juga menguji apakah pengaruh CSR terhadap penghindaran pajak dimoderasi oleh kepemilikan keluarga. Semakin berkembangnya perusahaan keluarga di Indonesia, yang saat ini rata-rata berada di bawah kendali generasi ketiga, menarik untuk diteliti.Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 56 perusahaan publik dengan periode pengamatan 5 tahun dari tahun 2011-2015, diperoleh 280observasi. Tahun pengamatan tersebut dipilih sebelum program tax amnesty dilaksanakan pada awal tahun 2016, karena tax amnesty diyakini menyebabkan bias pada hasil penelitian. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan semakin banyak CSR disclosure maka semakin rendah penghindaran pajak. Hasil ini konsisten dengan indikator CSR award, dimana perusahaan yang menerima CSR award, ditemukan memiliki penghindaran pajak yang rendah. Penelitian ini juga menemukan perusahaan keluarga dengan CSR yang tinggi cenderung mengalami penurunan dalam penghindaran pajak.
The structure of space in Ptolemy’s Geography: methodological challenges in georeferencing ancient toponyms
Authors: Shcheglov Dmitry
Published: July 2019

In this paper I would like to draw attention to several features inherent to Ptolemy’s Geography that limit the effectiveness of different mathematical approaches to georeferencing (i.e. locating within the modern coordinate system) its unidentified places. Out of the 6,300 coordinate points listed in Ptolemy’s Geography, approximately 50% still don’t have recognized identifications on the modern map. This makes the Geography a real bonanza for researchers developing different methods to translate Ptolemy’s coordinates into the modern ones. Most of these methods can be effective only insofar as Ptolemy’s Geography is regarded as an example of what David Woodward called “equipollent-coordinate space” where “every place in the system is of equal geometric significance.” This kind of space is supposed to be as continuous and homogeneous as the space of the modern maps is. My central thesis is that Ptolemy’s space was closer to what Woodward has called “route-enhancing space,” in which “the routes are endowed with the importance of direct observation,” hiding behind the mask of the “equipollent” one. This hidden nature of Ptolemy’s space manifests itself in two interrelated aspects: it was discrete and hierarchically organized. On the one hand, there are reasons to suppose that most points on Ptolemy’s map were originally located not in relation to their nearest neighbors, but rather in relation to a few distant reference points. On the other hand, Ptolemy tended to distribute all places more evenly throughout the entire space they occupy and to round their coordinates as much as possible. These features of Ptolemy’s method result in that, even if he tried to follow his sources most closely, each separate point on his map could have been displaced relative to its original neighborhood. The displacements are often so significant and unpredictable that they cannot be adequately described by a single continuous function. Mathematical methods remain, of course, an important tool for studying Ptolemy’s Geography and, in particular, for georeferencing its unidentified places. However, like any instrument, these methods have limited effectiveness. The specific features of Ptolemy’s method pointed out in the present paper can contribute to our understanding of how these methods can be improved and enhanced.
The Image of the Past as Political Myth: Athenian autochthony
Authors: Gushchin Valerij
Published: July 2019

Myth of autochthony was very popular in Athens in the 5th and 4th centuries B.C. It states that the ancestors of the Athenians allegedly inhabited this territory from the most ancient times and were born by the Earth itself. Autochthony became a part of the national image and state propaganda. In the 4th century B.C. it was an integral part of the Funeral speeches that praised the exploits of the lost Athenians. The birth from earth and residence in one territory were different aspects of autochthony, which were merging into a single whole in the 5th century B.C. The integration of these myths occurred, perhaps, in the 5th century B.C. and was associated with the development of democracy. We however believe that it was a consequence of the Persian wars and the transformation of Athens into the Empire (arche).
Rational actors? Hippias and Aristogeiton
Authors: Panagiotarakou Eleni
Published: July 2019

This paper seeks to address the extent to which ancient historical actors might be seen to have exhibited what might be described as rational motives. In particular, it examines a number of strategic interactions employed by the Athenian tyrant Hippias in his interactions of Aristogeiton, the protagonist of an unsuccessful coup d’etat. A secondary objective of this paper is to explore Hippias’ reactionary policies following his brother’s assassination, namely, whether Hippias’ choice of external allies, in the face of possible exile, were irrational as suggested by some ancient authors.
The Formal structure of Gorgias’ “On Non-Being or On Nature” according to Sextus Empiricus’ Adv. Math. 7.65–87
Authors: Volf Marina
Published: July 2019

The well-known evidence of Sextus Empiricus in Adv. Math. 7.65–87 is one of the two major evidence about Gorgias's treatise “On Not-Being or On Nature” along with “De Melisso Xenophane Gorgia”. The paper offers the analyses of the persuasive structure is this passage and discusses the arguments, which Sextus and, presumably, Gorgias use in this treatise. Also the paper compares formal persuasive structure of Gorgias’ treatise as it presented in Adv. Math., on the one hand, and MXG, on the other.
Impassible Passion in Psychology of Plotinus
Authors: Streltsov Alexey
Published: July 2019

The article purports to demonstrate that the seemingly paradoxical concept of «impassible passion» in Enn. III 6 1 sheds light on Plotinus’ understanding of the character of impassibility of the soul in its union with the body. Appropriation of the passions of the ensouled body by the soul does not lead to its mutability and passibility, although it is indeed the lower part of the soul that is the cause of passions. Thus, the soul is engulfed by the passions without being really affected by them (at least in the way the ensouled body is). The practical implication of such dichotomy of impassible passion lies in necessity in ascetic lifestyle to ensure self-realization of its own impassibility on behalf of the soul, resulting in the move upwards.
The idea of retribution in Ancient philosophy as a prototype of the principle of causality: normativist arguments
Authors: Didikin Anton
Published: July 2019

The paper analyzes the arguments of normativism on historical and philosophical reconstruction of the idea of retribution in ancient philosophy as a prototype of the principle of causality. Based on the Kelsen’s ideas presented in the book Society and Nature, the features of mythological, religious and philosophical justification of the idea of retribution for sins and violations of positive rules in ancient society are revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that the idea of retribution, which is methodologically important for building a pure theory of law, is further transformed into the principle of imputation, which characteristic for the social studies and humanities, within Kelsen denies the principle of causality.
The argument about the river provided by Heraclitus of Ephesus and the need for a temporal dimension in its logical form
Authors: López-Astorga Miguel
Published: July 2019

The theories accounting for cognition based on formal schemata often claim that there is a logic in the human mind. From the thesis on the river given by Heraclitus of Ephesus, in this paper, it is argued that, if that logic exists, it cannot be simple, and that, at a minimum, it requires the assumption of some kind of temporal elements, which, in general, seem not to be considered in such theories. In particular, some reflections about possible ways those elements could be taken into account are presented.
Peranan Machmud Hasjim Dalam Pembangunan Universitas Sriwijaya Tahun 1994-1999
Authors: Thahir Muhammad , Sair Alian , Asmi Adhitya Rol
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Peranan yang dilakukan oleh Machmud Hasjim sebagai rektor Universitas Sriwijaya periode 1994-1999 dalam upaya awalnya untuk melaksanakan program link and match, perpindahan kampus Palembang ke kampus Indralaya, pendirian program pascasarjana, dan membangun sarana, prasarana dan sumber daya manusia serta membangun kehidupan kampus yang religius. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode historis atau metode sejarah. sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang peneliti gunakan adalah menggunakan studi pustaka dan wawancaraSecara praktis manfaat yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian ini adalah dapat dijadikannya hasil penelitian ini sebagai langkah awal untuk penelitian-penelitian yang berkaitan dengan Peranan tokoh-tokoh yang berkontribusi dalam Pembangunan Universitas SriwijayaÂ  dan Sejarah perkembangan Unsri yang dibuat oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah dan diharapkan dapat menjadi mata kuliah khusus bagi Universitas Sriwijaya yang bermanfaat untuk menumbuhkan rasa kebangaan terhadap almamater dan semakin menambah ketekunan dalam berprestasi.
BASINÇ YARASININ ÖNLENMESİNDE HEMŞİRELERİN BİLGİ DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YILMAZER Tuba , TÜZER Hilal , TARLA Ayşegül
Published: July 2019

Özet

Amaç:
Çalışma, hemşirelerin basınç yarasının önlenmesine
ilişkin bilgi düzeylerini incelemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı
olarak yapılmıştır.

Gereç
ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini bir üniversite hastanesinde görev yapan 124 hemşire oluşturmuştur.
Çalışmanın verileri araştırmacılar tarafından ilgili literatüre göre
geliştirilen hemşirelerin demografik özelliklerine ilişkin hemşire bilgi formu
ve Basınç yarası önleme bilgi formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Formlar
araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 124 hemşireye verilmiş ve hemşireler
doldurduktan sonra geri toplanmıştır.

Bulgular:
Çalışmada yer alan 124 hemşirenin yaş ortalaması 39,7±5,1 yıl, 3’ü erkek (% 2.4), 64’ü hemşirelik lisans mezunudur (% 51,6) ve
toplam hizmet süresi ortalaması 18,7± 6,6 yıl olarak belirlenmiştir. Basınç yarası önleme bilgi testi toplam puan ortalaması 20 üzerinden 8,9± 3,3 (min-maks:1-16) olarak bulunmuş ve hemşirelerin %
34.7’sinin (n=43) yeterli bilgiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin basınç
yarası risk faktörlerini değerlendirebilme amacıyla sorulan soruya en az doğru yanıt verdiği görülmüştür (%6.5
(n=8)). Bu soruyu basınç yarası önleme girişimlerinin değerlendirmesi
amacıyla sorulan soru takip etmektedir (%14.5 (n=18)).

Sonuç: Hemşirelerin % 34.7’sinin (n=43) basınç
yarası önleme ile yeterli bilgiye sahip
olması hemşirelerin bilgi düzeyinde iyileşmeye ihtiyaç olduğunu ve
hemşirelerin basınç yarasının önlenmesiyle ilgili bilgilerinin arttırılması
gerektiğini düşündürmektedir. Basınç
yarasının önlenmesine
ilişkin bilgi ve becerilerin sürekli eğitim programları ile
geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA BERBASIS ETNOMATEMATIKA DALAM MEMBANGUN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA
Authors: Hasanah Sri Indriati , Hafsi Ainur Rofiq , Zayyadi Moh
Published: July 2019

This study aims to describe the quality of teaching materials developed in the form of ethnomatematic Student Worksheets (LKS) in building understanding of students' initial concepts that are valid, practical and effective. This research is a development research that refers to the simplified Thiagarajan 4-D model into three stages including defining, designing, developing. The product produced is a Student Activity Sheet based on ethnomatematics in building understanding of concepts, lesson plans and Tests of Learning Outcomes so that learning objectives are achieved. The results of the study show that the Student Activity Sheet is ethnomatemically based in developing the initial concept of student understanding that has been developed to meet the criteria of valid, practical and effective.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC TEST: MATHEMATICAL MISCONCEPTION ON THE TOPIC OF NUMBER AND ALGEBRA FOR THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS IN EAST LOMBOK
Authors: Zarkasi Zarkasi , Sugiman Sugiman
Published: July 2019

This study aims to: (1) look for the highest and lowest values in number and algebraic material of Junior High School in East Lombok, (2) the percentage of errors made by students when answering math problems, and (3) the diagnosis of student’s misconception in doing number and algebra at Junior High School in East Lombok. This research is a quantitative- descriptive research. For the sampling technique, this study used purposive sampling. The test was conducted in five classes with 200 students as research participants. The sampling took into account the level of students’ ability and school readiness. The sampling size is 361 students from five schools. The data were in the form of students’ responses and those were analyzed using the Quest program. The results of this study are as follows. First, in terms of the difficulty index, 40 items (47%) are easy category items, 8% are medium category items, and 45% are difficult category items. Out of the 40 problems, 82% of the items have good difficulty index, while 18% are not good. Of the four alternative answers, 88% of the distractor is in a good category, and 12% are not good. Second, based on the students’ answers, the percentage of error is 52 %. Third, based on the result of the analysis using the Quest program, of the tow materials, the biggest misconception is in number with the percentage of 68%. The dominant error is in the indicator representing fractions in various forms, with a percentage of 22%.
Measuring Reaction Rate Constant in Individual Cells to Facilitate Accurate Analysis of Cell-Population Heterogeneity
Authors: Koshkin Vasilij , Kochmann Sven , Sorupanathan Apinaya , Peng Chun , Ailles Laurie E. , Liu Geoffrey , Krylov Sergey N.
Published: July 2019

We propose Cytometry of Reaction Rate Constant (CRRC) for accurate analysis of cell-population heterogeneity with respect to a specific molecular reaction. Conceptually, in CRRC, the cells are loaded with a reaction substrate, and its conversion into a product is followed by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy at the single-cell level. A reaction rate constant is determined for every cell by using a known kinetic mechanism of the reaction, and a kinetic histogram “number of cells vs. the rate constant” is built. Finally, this histogram is used to determine parameters of reaction-based cell-population heterogeneity. Here, we studied a reaction of substrate extrusion from cells by ABC transporters. We proved that sizes of subpopulations with different extrusion rates could be accurately determined from the kinetic histogram, and this determination was not significantly affected by change in substrate concentration. We foresee that CRRC will facilitate the development of reliable disease biomarkers based on parameters of reaction-based cell-population heterogeneity.
Systematic Exploration of the Mechanical Properties of 13,621 Inorganic Compounds
Authors: Chibani Siwar , Coudert François-Xavier
Published: July 2019

In order to better understand the mechanical properties of crystalline materials, we performed a large-scale exploration of the elastic properties of 13,621 crystals from the Materials Project database, including both experimentally synthesized and hypothetical structures. We studied both their average (isotropic) behavior, as well as the anisotropy of the elastic properties: bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and linear compressibility. We show that general mechanical trends, which hold for isotropic (noncrystalline) materials at the macroscopic scale, also apply “on average” for crystals. Further, we highlight the importance of elastic anisotropy and the role of mechanical stability as playing key roles in the experimental feasibility of hypothetical compounds. We also quantify the frequency of occurrence of rare anomalous mechanical properties: 3% of the crystals feature negative linear compressibility, and only 0.3% have complete auxeticity.
Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory Decomposition of the Reaction Force: Insights into Substituent Effects Involved in Hemiacetal Formation Mechanisms
Authors: Derricotte Wallace
Published: July 2019

The decomposition of the reaction force based on symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) has been proposed. This approach was used to investigate the subtituent effects along the reaction coordinate pathway for the hemiacetal formation mechanism between methanol and substituted aldehydes of the form CX3CHO (X = H, F, Cl, and Br), providing a quantitative evaluation of the reaction-driving and reaction-retarding force components. Our results highlight the importance of more favorable electrostatic and induction effects in the reactions involving halogenated aldehydes that leads to lower activation energy barriers. These substituent effects are further elucidated by applying the functional-group partition of symmetry-adaptedperturbation theory (F-SAPT). The results show that the reaction is largely driven by favorable direct non-covalent interactions between the CX3 group on the aldehyde and the OH group on methanol.
Thermal Stability of N-Heterocycle-Stabilized Iodanes – A Systematic Investigation
Authors: Boelke Andreas , Vlasenko Yulia A. , Yusubov Mekhman S. , Nachtsheim Boris , Postnikov Pavel
Published: July 2019

The thermal stability of pseudocyclic and cyclic N-heterocycle-stabilized (hydroxy)aryl- and mesityl(aryl)-l3-iodanes (NHIs) through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is investigated. NHIs bearing N-heterocycles with a high N/C-ratio such as triazoles show among the lowest descomposition temperatures and the highest decomposition energies. A comparison of NHIs with known (pseudo)cyclic benziodoxolones is made and we further correlated their thermal stability with reactivity in a model oxygenation.
A Green, Solvent-Free Route to Functionalised Metal-Organic Frameworks with UiO-66 Topology
Authors: D’Amato Roberto , Marmottini Fabio , McPherson Matthew J. , Taddei Marco , Costantino Ferdinando
Published: July 2019

We report a solvent-free procedure for the high-yield synthesis of metal-organic frameworks of UiO-66 topology starting from a range of commercial Zr(IV) precursors and various substituted dicarboxylic linkers. The syntheses are carried out by simply grinding the reagents in the presence of a small volume of acetic acid as modulator, followed by incubation at either room temperature or 120 °C. Use of a ball mill for the grinding step is demonstrated to enable facile scale up of the synthesis. High acidity of the linker is found to be a crucial factor in affording materials of quality comparable to that of products obtained in solvo- or hydrothermal conditions.
Structural Characterization of Agonist Binding to A3 Adenosine Receptor through Biomolecular Simulations and Mutagenesis Experiments
Authors: Stamatis Dimitrios , Lagarias Panagiotis , Barkan Kerry , Vrontaki Eleni , Ladds Graham , Kolocouris Antonios
Published: July 2019

The study aimed at highlighting features of the still-unsolved A3R that are important for IB-MECA and NECA binding and may be used for the design of effective ligands using computational and mutagenesis studies.