bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computerized brain tumor segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Alegro Maryana de Carvalho , Amaro Junior Edson , Lopes Rosei de Deus
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE: To propose an automatic brain tumor segmentation system. METHODS: The system used texture characteristics as its main source of information for segmentation. RESULTS: The mean correct match was 94% of correspondence between the segmented areas and ground truth. CONCLUSION: Final results showed that the proposed system was able to find and delimit tumor areas without requiring any user interaction.
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging tracking of C6 glioma cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Mamani Javier Bustamante , Malheiros Jackeline Moraes , Cardoso Ellison Fernando , Tannús Alberto , Silveira Paulo Henrique , Gamarra Lionel Fernel
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to monitor the migration of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-labeled C6 cells, which were used to induce glioblastoma tumor growth in an animal model, over time using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with the goal of aiding in tumor prognosis and therapy. METHODS: Two groups of male Wistar rats were used for the tumor induction model. In the first group (n=3), the tumors were induced via the injection of SPION-labeled C6 cells. In the second group (n=3), the tumors were induced via the injection of unlabeled C6 cells. Prussian Blue staining was performed to analyze the SPION distribution within the C6 cells in vitro. Tumor-inducing C6 cells were injected into the right frontal cortex, and subsequent tumor monitoring and SPION detection were performed using T2- and T2*-weighted MRI at a 2T field strength. In addition, cancerous tissue was histologically analyzed after performing the MRI studies. RESULTS: The in vitro qualitative evaluation demonstrated adequate distribution and satisfactory cell labeling of the SPIONs. At 14 or 21 days after C6 injection, a SPION-induced T2- and T2*-weighted MRI signal reduction was observed within the lesion located in the left frontal lobe on parasagittal topography. Moreover, histological staining of the tumor tissue with Prussian Blue revealed a broad distribution of SPIONs within the C6 cells. CONCLUSION: MRI analyses exhibit potential for monitoring the tumor growth of C6 cells efficiently labeled with SPIONs.
Levodopa versus non-levodopa brain language fMRI in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Arantes Paula Ricci , Gobato Heloise Helena , Davoglio Bárbara Bordegatto , Barreiros Maria Ângela Maramaldo , Felício André Carvalho , Barsottini Orlando Graziani Povoas , Andrade Luiz Augusto Franco de , Amaro Junior Edson
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of levodopa in language areas in Parkinson's disease patients. METHODS: We evaluated 50 patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease, age and gender paired to 47 healthy volunteers. We selected two homogeneous groups of 18 patients taking levodopa and 7 no levodopa patients. The functional magnetic resonance imaging verbal fluency task, with low and high cognitive demands, was performed at a 3T magnetic resonance imaging equipment. Data was analyzed with XBAM software for group maps and ANOVA comparison. RESULTS: Patients without levodopa had more activation than the ones with levodopa in the medial frontal and in the left frontal and parieto-occipital areas. The striatal activation in patients taking levodopa had similar result of the activation detected in the healthy volunteer group. Parieto-occipital areas were less activated in the levodopa group than in the no levodopa one. CONCLUSION: Parkinson's disease patients without levodopa replacement, during a verbal fluency effort, had more diffuse and intense cerebral activation in left hemisphere, mainly in the frontal and parieto-occipital areas. The striatal activation in verbal fluency of patients with levodopa intake was more similar to the activation found in healthy volunteers. These initial evidences suggested a role of levodopa inhibiting activation in parieto-occipital compensating areas.
Evaluation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell labeling with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with dextran and complexed with Poly-L-lysine
Authors: Sibov Tatiana Taís , Miyaki Liza Aya Mabuchi , Mamani Javier Bustamante , Marti Luciana Cavalheiro , Sardinha Luiz Roberto , Pavon Lorena Favaro , Oliveira Daniela Mara de , Cardenas Walter Humberto , Gamarra Lionel Fernel
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the labeling of umbilical cord vein derived mesenchymal stem cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with dextran and complexed to a non-viral transfector agent transfector poly-L-lysine. METHODS: The labeling of mesenchymal stem cells was performed using the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran complexed and not complexed to poly-L-lysine. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran was incubated with poly-L-lysine in an ultrasonic sonicator at 37°C for 10 minutes for complex formation superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine by electrostatic interaction. Then, the mesenchymal stem cells were incubated overnight with the complex superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran. After the incubation period the mesenchymal stem cells were evaluated by internalization of the complex superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran by Prussian Blue stain. Cellular viability of labeled mesenchymal stem cells was evaluated by cellular proliferation assay using 5,6-carboxy-fluorescein-succinimidyl ester method and apoptosis detection by Annexin V- Propidium Iodide assay. RESULTS: mesenchymal stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran without poly-L-lysine not internalized efficiently the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles due to its low presence detected within cells. Mesenchymal stem cells labeled with the complex superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine efficiently internalized the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles due to greater presence in the cells interior. The viability and apoptosis assays demonstrated that the mesenchymal stem cells labeled and not labeled respectively with the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran/poly-L-lysine continue to proliferate over seven days and the percentage of cells in early or late apoptosis is low compared to the percentage of live cells over the three days. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the use of poly-L-lysine complexed with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/dextran provides better internalization of these superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in mesenchymal stem cells Thus, we demonstrated that this type of labeling is not cytotoxic to the mesenchymal stem cells, since the viability and apoptosis assays showed that the cells remain alive and proliferating. The efficiency of this type of labeling in mesenchymal stem cells can provide non-invasive methods for monitoring these cells in vivo.
Study of internalization and viability of multimodal nanoparticles for labeling of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Miyaki Liza Aya Mabuchi , Sibov Tatiana Tais , Pavon Lorena Favaro , Mamani Javier Bustamante , Gamarra Lionel Fernel
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE: To analyze multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B in culture media for cell labeling, and to establish a study of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B detection at labeled cells evaluating they viability at concentrations of 10µg Fe/mL and 100µg Fe/mL. METHODS: We performed the analysis of stability of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B in different culture media; the mesenchymal stem cells labeling with multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B; the intracellular detection of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B in mesenchymal stem cells, and assessment of the viability of labeled cells by kinetic proliferation. RESULTS: The stability analysis showed that multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B had good stability in cultured Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's-Low Glucose medium and RPMI 1640 medium. The mesenchymal stem cell with multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B described location of intracellular nanoparticles, which were shown as blue granules co-localized in fluorescent clusters, thus characterizing magnetic and fluorescent properties of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B. CONCLUSION: The stability of multimodal magnetic nanoparticles-Rhodamine B found in cultured Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's-Low Glucose medium and RPMI 1640 medium assured intracellular mesenchymal stem cells labeling. This cell labeling did not affect viability of labeled mesenchymal stem cells since they continued to proliferate for five days.
Isolation, cultivation and characterization of CD133+ stem cells from human glioblastoma
Authors: Pavon Lorena Favaro , Marti Luciana Cavalheiro , Sibov Tatiana Tais , Miyaki Liza Aya Mabuchi , Malheiros Suzana Maria Fleury , Mamani Javier Bustamante , Brandt Reynaldo Andre , Ribas Guilherme Carvalhal , Pagura Jorge Roberto , Joaquim Marcos Augusto Stavale , Feres Junior Hallin , Gamarra Lionel Fernel
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE: To establish the method of isolation and culture of human glioblastoma neurospheres, and the purification of their stem cells, followed by the process of obtaining tumor subspheres, immunophenotypically characterizing this clonogenic set. METHODS: Through the processing of glioblastoma samples (n=3), the following strategy of action was adopted: (i) establish primary culture of glioblastoma; (ii) isolation and culture of tumor neurospheres; (iii) purify cells that initiate tumors (CD133+) by magnetic separation system (MACS); (iv) obtain tumor subspheres; (v) study the expression of the markers nestin, CD133, and GFAP. RESULTS: The study successfully described the process of isolation and culture of glioblastoma subspheres, which consist of a number of clonogenic cells immunophenotypically characterized as neural, which are able to initiate tumor formation. CONCLUSION: These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the process of gliomagenesis.
Determination of a method for extraction of coenzyme Q10 in human plasma: optimization of the use of surfactants and other variables
Authors: Ferreiro-Barros Claudia Cristina , Sugawara Eduardo Kinio , Sanches Livia Rentas
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE: To establish a routine for the extraction of the total levels of CoQ10 in human plasma through the Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). METHODS: Two extraction protocols were tested: a) methanol: hexane and b) 1-propanol. The following parameters were analyzed: extraction temperature (19ºC and 4ºC), extraction tubes (glass and polypropylene), and surfactants (SDS, Triton X-100, Tween-20) at different concentrations, i.e., 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%. RESULTS: The results showed that the method of extraction of CoQ10 in a sample of human plasma at 4ºC, using solvents methanol: hexane (85:15, v/v) in the presence of surfactant Tween-20 at 3% and polypropylene tubes showed better efficiency and reproducibility when compared to the method with 1-propanol. CONCLUSION: By the analyses performed, it was possible to observe that the addition of the surfactant Tween-20 promoted an increase in the recovery of CoQ10 by the methanol:hexane extraction method. This method showed good reproducibility, with a low coefficient of variation and high sensitivity, since CoQ10 was detected in samples of plasma of a control individual using a UV-type detector. The use of UHPLC equipment allowed a total analysis with total run time of 3.5 minutes, enabling the rapid achievement of results, considered mandatory for laboratory routines.
SPEM: a state-of-the-art instrument for high resolution molecular imaging of small animal organs
Authors: Reis Marilia Alves dos , Mejia Jorge , Batista Ilza Rosa , Barboza Marycel Rosa Felisa Figols de , Nogueira Solange Amorim , Wagner Jairo , Cabral Francisco Romero , Davoglio Petrick Marcellus Victorio Mendonça , Abílio Vanessa Costhek , Fu Geng , Li Nan , Meng Ling Jian , Shih Ming Chi , Chen Chin-Tu , Amaro Junior Edson , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE: To describe the Single Photon Emission Microscope (SPEM), a state-of-the-art instrument for small animal SPECT imaging, and characterize its performance presenting typical images of different animal organs. METHODS: SPEM consists of two independent imaging devices based on high resolution scintillators, high sensitivity and resolution Electron-Multiplying CCDs and multi-pinhole collimators. During image acquisition, the mouse is placed in a rotational vertical holder between the imaging devices. Subsequently, an appropriate software tool based on the Maximum Likelihood algorithm iteratively produces the volumetric image. Radiopharmaceuticals for imaging kidneys, heart, thyroid and brain were used. The mice were injected with 74 to 148 MBq/0,3mL and scanned for 40 to 80 minutes, 30 to 60 minutes afterwards. During this procedure, the animals remained under ketamine/xilazine anesthesia. RESULTS: SPEM images of different mouse organs are presented, attesting the imaging capabilities of the instrument. CONCLUSION: SPEM is an innovative technology for small animal SPECT imaging providing high resolution images with appropriate sensitivity for pre-clinical research. Its use with appropriate radiotracers will allow translational investigation of several animal models of human diseases, their pharmacological treatment and the development of potential new therapeutic agents.
Intracellular labeling and quantification process by magnetic resonance imaging using iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles in rat C6 glioma cell line
Authors: Mamani Javier Bustamante , Pavon Lorena Favaro , Miyaki Liza Aya Mabuchi , Sibov Tatiana Tais , Rossan Fabiana , Silveira Paulo Henrique , Cárdenas Walter Humberto Zavala , Amaro Junior Edson , Gamarra Lionel Fernel
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE: To assess intracellular labeling and quantification by magnetic resonance imaging using iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles coated with biocompatible materials in rat C6 glioma cells in vitro. These methods will provide direction for future trials of tumor induction in vivo as well as possible magnetic hyperthermia applications. METHODS: Aminosilane, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, and starch-coated magnetic nanoparticles were used in the qualitative assessment of C6 cell labeling via light microscopy. The influence of the transfection agent poly-L-lysine on cellular uptake was examined. The quantification process was performed by relaxometry analysis in T1 and T2weighted phantom images. RESULTS: Light microscopy revealed that the aminosilane-coated magnetic nanoparticles alone or complexed with poly-L-lysine showed higher cellular uptake than did the uncoated magnetic particles. The relaxivities of the aminosilane-coated magnetic nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 50nm to a 3-T field were r1=(6.1±0.3)×10-5 ms-1mL/µg, r2=(5.3±0.1)× 10-4 ms-1mL/µg, with a ratio of r2 / r1 ≅ 9. The iron uptake in the cells was calculated by analyzing the relaxation rates (R1 and R2) using a mathematical relationship. CONCLUSIONS: C6 glioma cells have a high uptake efficiency for aminosilane-coated magnetic nanoparticles complexed with the transfection agent poly-L-lysine. The large ratio r2 / r1 ≅ 9 indicates that these magnetic nanoparticles are ideal for quantification by magnetic resonance imaging with T2-weighted imaging techniques.
Return on Scientific Investment – RoSI: a PMO dynamical index proposal for scientific projects performance evaluation and management
Authors: Caous Cristofer André , Machado Birajara , Hors Cora , Zeh Andrea Kaufmann , Dias Cleber Gustavo , Amaro Junior Edson
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE: To propose a measure (index) of expected risks to evaluate and follow up the performance analysis of research projects involving financial and adequate structure parameters for its development. METHODS: A ranking of acceptable results regarding research projects with complex variables was used as an index to gauge a project performance. In order to implement this method the ulcer index as the basic model to accommodate the following variables was applied: costs, high impact publication, fund raising, and patent registry. The proposed structured analysis, named here as RoSI (Return on Scientific Investment) comprises a pipeline of analysis to characterize the risk based on a modeling tool that comprises multiple variables interacting in semi-quantitatively environments. RESULTS: This method was tested with data from three different projects in our Institution (projects A, B and C). Different curves reflected the ulcer indexes identifying the project that may have a minor risk (project C) related to development and expected results according to initial or full investment. CONCLUSION: The results showed that this model contributes significantly to the analysis of risk and planning as well as to the definition of necessary investments that consider contingency actions with benefits to the different stakeholders: the investor or donor, the project manager and the researchers.
Sneddon's syndrome: case report and review of its relationship with antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Dutra Livia Almeida , Braga-Neto Pedro , Pedroso José Luiz , Barsottini Orlando Graziani Povoas
Published: September 2012

The Sneddon's syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease associated with livedo reticularis. The antiphospholipid syndrome is the most frequent type of acquired thrombophilia, defined by the occurrence of thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies. Approximately 80% of Sneddon's syndrome patients have an antiphospholipid antibody marker. These antibodies may play a pathogenetic role in some cases of Sneddon's syndrome, and many authors consider these two syndromes as the same entity. Although clinical features of antiphospholipid syndrome and Sneddon's syndrome may overlap, there is a distinction between clinical and laboratory evidence suggesting that these two entities are different diseases. A recent finding of coagulopathies, including elevated levels of coagulation factor VII, decreased levels of protein S, and activated protein C in Sneddon's syndrome patients suggested a possible biological link between the vasculopathy and a primary coagulopathy. Moreover, the clinical course seems to be progressive in Sneddon's syndrome patients and includes increase of disability and cognitive deterioration, more arterial involvement, and the antiphospholipid syndrome shows a more benign course. Both syndromes share clinical and laboratory features, and whether Sneddon's syndrome represents a spectrum of antiphospholipid syndrome remains unclear. Sneddon's syndrome patients have a worse prognosis and may represent a subgroup of patients who demands more rigorous follow-up. It is important to recognize the Sneddon's syndrome, particularly because stroke episodes may be prevented through appropriate treatment.
Krabbe disease: the importance of early diagnosis for prognosis
Authors: Sano Tatiana Suemi
Published: September 2012

Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy) is an inherited recessive autosomal leukodystrophy caused by deficiency of the enzyme galactocerebrosidase. The lack of this enzyme leads to the build-up of galactolipids that will promote the death of oligodendrocytes and the demyelination of the central and peripheral nervous systems. There are two clinical forms: early onset and late onset. This article reports a case of late onset Krabbe disease and discusses the importance of early diagnosis for its prognosis.
Intermediate pilomyxoid astrocytoma and diencephalic syndrome: imaging findings
Authors: Nakamura Olavo Kyosen , Pinho Marco da Cunha , Odone Filho Vicente , Rosemberg Sergio
Published: September 2012

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma, an entity described as a histological variant of pilocytic astrocytoma, is a rare primary tumor of the central nervous system. It is usually located in the hypothalamic-chiasmatic area, affecting children with a mean age of 10 months. It has a high rate of recurrence and cerebrospinal fluid dissemination, which may be present throughout the neuroaxis. Due to its topography, it may present developmental delay in childhood and diencephalic syndrome, characterized by extreme weight loss, lack of fat accumulation, hyperactivity, euphoria and alertness. Magnetic resonance imaging has an important role in its diagnosis, staging and follow-up of pilomyxoid astrocytoma. However, for a definitive diagnosis, anatomopathology is particularly important to differentiate it from pilocytic astrocytoma. Some cases, as in this present one, have simultaneous histological features of pilocytic and pilomyxoid astrocytomas, constituting a group called intermediate pilomyxoid astrocytoma. Surgery is the best treatment option and it usually requires adjuvant therapy.
Imaging findings and cerebral perfusion in arterial ischemic stroke due to transient cerebral arteriopathy in children
Authors: Barbosa Junior Alcino Alves , Ellovitch Saada Resende de Souza , Pincerato Rita de Cassia Maciel
Published: September 2012

We report the case of a 4-year-old female child who developed an arterial ischemic stroke in the left middle cerebral artery territory, due to a proximal stenosis of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, most probably related to transient cerebral arteriopathy of childhood. Computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, perfusion magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance angiography are presented, as well as follow-up by magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance angiography exams. Changes in cerebral perfusion and diffusion-perfusion mismatch call attention. As far as we know, this is the first report of magnetic resonance perfusion findings in transient cerebral arteriopathy.
Transcranial sonography in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bor-Seng-Shu Edson , Pedroso José Luiz , Andrade Daniel Ciampi de , Barsottini Orlando Graziani Povoas , Andrade Luiz Augusto Franco de , Barbosa Egberto Reis , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: September 2012

Transcranial sonography has become a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes. This is a non-invasive, low cost procedure. The main finding on transcranial sonography in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease is an increased echogenicity of the mesencephalic substantia nigra region. This hyperechogenicity is present in more than 90% of cases, and reflects a dysfunction in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. This study discussed how the hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra may facilitate the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes.
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the acute phase of the pilocarpine-induced model of epilepsy
Authors: Malheiros Jackeline Moraes , Longo Beatriz Monteiro , Tannús Alberto , Covolan Luciene
Published: September 2012

Magnetic resonance images are useful in the study of experimental models of temporal lobe epilepsy. The manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) technique is of interest since it combines the effects caused by manganese on the increased contrast in activated cell populations, when competing with calcium in synaptic transmission. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal evolution of the contrast related to manganese in the acute phase of temporal lobe epilepsy induced by systemic pilocarpine and compare it to the expression of the c-Fos protein. During this phase, the intensity of the MEMRI signal was analyzed at three different time points (5, 15 or 30 minutes) after the onset of status epilepticus (SE). The group that was maintained in status epilepticus for 30 minutes showed a decrease in intensity of the signal in CA1 and the dentate gyrus (DG). There were no differences between the control group and the other groups treated with pilocarpine. The expression of the protein, c-Fos, in the same animals showed that even in the short-duration status epilepticus (5 minutes), there was already maximal cellular activation in subregions of the hippocampus (DG, CA1 and CA3). Under the experimental conditions tested, our data suggest that the MEMRI signal was not sensitive for the identification of detectable variations of cell activation in the acute phase of the pilocarpine model. Our findings are not consistent with the idea that manganese contrast reflects primarily alterations in cellular activity during SE when other signal-modifying elements can act.
Advances in stroke evaluation and treatment
Authors: Carvalho Flavio Augusto de , Silva Gisele Sampaio
Published: September 2012

One of neurology's most challenging and evolving fields, vascular neurology has been constantly calling for attention. From small breakthroughs to large randomized trials, the quest for new answers in stroke treatment has brought us many advances and keeps bringing problems and solutions as new trials are coming.
Jodï horticultural belief, knowledge and practice: incipient or integral cultivation?
Authors: Zent Stanford , Zent Egleé
Published: September 2012

This paper describes the Jodï horticultural system, including belief, knowledge and practice aspects. The horticultural practices of the Jodï were previously characterized as 'incipient cultivation' but such practices were poorly described and documented. The antiquity of cultivation among this group is suggested by the prominence and significance of horticultural products and techniques in myth and ritual. Our field observations uncovered a fairly sophisticated system of plant management in swiddens, house gardens, trail gardens and natural forest gaps. An inventory of 67 cultivated plant species was documented, of which 36 are utilized for food, 20 for magical or medicinal purposes, and 11 for technology. The Jodï prolong the productive phase of their gardens for five years or more through successive planting-harvesting-replanting operations. Jodï swiddens display an elaborate polycultivated appearance and they possess at least five principal crops: plantain/banana, maize, yams, sweet potato, and sweet manioc. Another distinctive feature is the extensive use of natural gaps in the forest canopy as cultivation zones. The results of this study suggest that while Jodï horticultural practice is well integrated with a nomadic, foraging-dependent lifestyle, nevertheless this system does not deserve to be labeled as 'incipient' and instead is more integral than was recognized previously.
A beleza das roças: agrobiodiversidade Mebêngôkre-Kayapó em tempos de globalização
Authors: Robert Pascale de , López Garcés Claudia , Laques Anne-Elisabeth , Coelho-Ferreira Márlia
Published: September 2012

Na atualidade, as sociedades tradicionais da Amazônia experimentam fortes mudanças com efeitos diretos sobre os sistemas agrícolas tradicionais, como a tendência à homogeneização de espécies e técnicas juntamente com uma dependência maior do mercado. Porém, as agriculturas amazônicas continuam diversificadas e valorizando a diversidade. O artigo descreve particularidades da agricultura Mebêngôkre-Kayapó a partir de uma metodologia elaborada com ferramentas da antropologia, da geografia e da etnobotânica em aldeias indígenas do sul do Pará. O manejo atual da agrobiodiversidade é analisado por meio da organização das roças no espaço e no tempo, e a partir de levantamentos realizados com foco na diversidade em nível de espécies e variedades de cultivos. Os resultados mostram que um grande número de plantas continua sendo cultivado e confirmam a vitalidade dos conhecimentos indígenas associados à agrobiodiversidade, mesmo em tempos de forte mudança. Os princípios de repartição, conservação, reprodução e fabricação da biodiversidade Mebêngôkre estão associados ao conceito de 'beleza' (mex), que valoriza, muito além de paisagens e técnicas agrícolas, o bom estado das redes sociais de trocas dentro e fora da aldeia, assim como valores essenciais dos Mebêngôkre.
Trocas, experimentações e preferências: um estudo sobre a dinâmica da diversidade da mandioca no médio Solimões, Amazonas
Authors: Lima Deborah , Steward Angela , Richers Bárbara Trautman
Published: September 2012

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a diversidade da mandioca na região do médio Solimões, enfocando principalmente comunidades localizadas nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã, no Amazonas. O estudo associa dados quantitativos e etnográficos. A análise de dados de monitoramento de 13 comunidades de várzea e de terra firme revelou o seguinte padrão de diversidade de manivas (mandioca): riqueza total de 54 variedades, com distribuição ampla de poucas variedades e ocorrência localizada da maioria; riqueza média de dez variedades por comunidade; e coleções familiares com três variedades em média. Uma análise temporal das coleções familiares mostrou a natureza dinâmica da diversidade regional. Ao longo de cinco anos, praticamente todas as 55 famílias acompanhadas alteraram a composição de variedades, mas mudaram pouco o tamanho de suas coleções. Para discutir essa dinâmica da diversidade, realizamos pesquisa qualitativa em três comunidades. Buscamos entender as condições sociais e ambientais que os agricultores enfrentam, as preferências por certas manivas e os padrões de manejo das roças. Mostramos que a diversidade de manivas é resultado de uma prática de experimentação ativa e que a dinâmica das coleções é definida por um conjunto de fatores que inclui o contexto das práticas econômicas, as condições ambientais e a relação histórica da população regional com a mandioca.
Paisagens e etnoconhecimentos na agricultura Ticuna e Cocama no alto rio Solimões, Amazonas
Authors: Noda Sandra do Nascimento , Martins Ayrton Luiz Urizzi , Noda Hiroshi , Silva Antonia Ivanilce Castro da , Braga Maria Dolores Souza
Published: September 2012

As unidades de paisagem na agricultura dos povos Ticuna e Cocama, no alto rio Solimões, são caracterizadas por arranjos produtivos e formas de gestão dos recursos naturais. Caracterizar essas práticas de base agroecológica, os resultados paisagísticos e as possibilidades de sua aplicabilidade regional foram os objetivos dessa pesquisa, realizada em duas localidades: Novo Paraíso, na ilha do Bom Intento, e Nova Aliança, ambas no município de Benjamin Constant, Amazonas. A organização social e econômica dos povos Ticuna e Cocama é fundada no parentesco e na apropriação comunal dos recursos naturais existentes, incluindo os espaços para o extrativismo. As unidades familiares, apesar da fraca vinculação com o mercado e suas regras, têm na lógica da reciprocidade a motivação para a produção, a transmissão e o manejo dos recursos e dos fatores de produção. As paisagens são reconstruídas por meio da produção de base agroecológica, derivada do etnoconhecimento, e correspondem aos mecanismos inerentes ao processo de manejo e conservação da flora e fauna. Esse processo permite a existência de complexa imbricação de paisagens em constante modificação, nas quais formas de produção são recriadas para a suficiência e a sustentabilidade.
Conocimientos tradicionales Ticuna en la agricultura de chagra y los mecanismos innovadores para su protección
Authors: Acosta Muñoz Luis Eduardo , Zoria Java José
Published: September 2012

La vinculación de los pueblos indígenas al mercado global es una realidad y en ella se configuran estrategias de apropiación del conocimiento tradicional, sin que medie norma alguna que permita restituir los derechos que ostentan los poseedores de dichos conocimientos, en tanto que las poblaciones indígenas vienen solicitando un sistema sui generis para su protección y vinculación equitativa en dichos mercados. El artículo presenta los resultados de un proceso de investigación participativa desarrollada con comunidades Ticuna, en el sur de la Amazonia colombiana, territorio fronterizo que Colombia comparte con Brasil y Perú en el alto río Amazonas, y analiza cómo, a partir del conocimiento sobre los usos y manejos de las chagras indígenas, se estructura la cadena agroalimentaria de la yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), proceso que ha permitido adelantar la discusión sobre los derechos de propiedad intelectual con énfasis en las indicaciones geográficas y las marcas colectivas, como posibles mecanismos idóneos a ser utilizados por los productores indígenas para la protección de los conocimientos tradicionales asociados a la biodiversidad.
A 'farinha especial': fabricação e percepção de um produto da agricultura familiar no vale do Rio Juruá, Acre
Authors: Velthem Lucia Hussak van , Katz Esther
Published: September 2012

Os pequenos agricultores do vale do alto rio Juruá, no Acre, produzem farinha de mandioca para consumo e comércio. Este artigo descreve as práticas que produzem e identificam uma farinha 'especial' do ponto de vista dos produtores locais. Esses processos são tanto técnicos como conceituais e se aplicam às raízes de mandioca, aos objetos responsáveis pelo processamento e à farinha produzida, diferindo da avaliação de negociantes e órgãos governamentais. Esse conjunto prescritivo será confrontado com a percepção dos comerciantes e também com a dos serviços públicos, a qual atua no melhoramento dessa produção por considerá-la desvalorizada e com elevada variabilidade.
A Lei de Sementes brasileira e os seus impactos sobre a agrobiodiversidade e os sistemas agrícolas locais e tradicionais
Authors: Santilli Juliana
Published: September 2012

O artigo faz uma análise crítica dos impactos da Lei de Sementes brasileira (10.711/2003) sobre a biodiversidade agrícola e sobre a agricultura tradicional e local. A referida lei atende, principalmente, aos interesses e necessidades do sistema 'formal' de sementes e desconsidera o importante papel dos sistemas de sementes locais e tradicionais (chamados frequentemente de 'informais'), nos quais as atividades de produção, intercâmbio, melhoramento e conservação de sementes são realizadas pelos próprios agricultores por meio de suas redes sociais e segundo as normas locais. Os sistemas 'formais' de sementes estão voltados, principalmente, para as espécies agrícolas de grande valor comercial e de ampla utilização em ambientes homogêneos. Assim, não são capazes de oferecer sementes adaptadas a usos e condições locais específicas e de atender às necessidades dos agricultores tradicionais e locais, que dispõem de poucos recursos e vivem em regiões heterogêneas, ambiental e culturalmente.
Hunting practices among the Awá-Guajá: towards a long-term analysis of sustainability in an Amazonian indigenous community
Authors: Prado Helbert Medeiros , Forline Louis Carlos , Kipnis Renato
Published: September 2012

Indigenous Reserves have played an indispensable role in maintaining forest areas in the Neotropics. In the Amazon there is a clear correlation between these reserves and the presence of forest cover; however, the simple presence of uninterrupted vegetation is no guarantee for the conservation of biodiversity, especially where hunting is practiced. This study describes hunting practices among the Awá-Guajá people from 1993 through 1994, also identifying sociocultural, technological, and demographic changes that have influenced their resource acquisition strategies over the last two decades. The data was obtained through ethnographic fieldwork, recording 78 days of foraging returns, with follow-up visits through 2010. This work provides useful information for an effective diachronic analysis of hunting in this community, by revealing foraging patterns of the early to mid-1990s, and describing community transformations over the last two decades in this locale.
O povo que mede forças com a morte: os ilhéus de Tuvalu, no Pacífico Sul, e a subida das águas do mar
Authors: Madaleno Isabel Maria
Published: September 2012

Localizado no Pacífico Sul, a cerca de 1.100 km ao norte das Fiji, o arquipélago Tuvalu é constituído por nove ilhas de coral. Soma meros 26 km² de superfície, onde residem cerca de 11.000 ilhéus, no geral, pescadores ou agricultores de subsistência, dedicados ao cultivo das nativas pulaka e taro, assim como fruta-pão e coco. O povo pertence ao grupo étnico polinésio, sendo a sua cultura e o tipo físico bastante homogêneos de ilha para ilha. Em fevereiro de 2010, o Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical realizou uma missão científica ao atol de Funafuti, conhecido mundialmente pela sua vulnerabilidade às mudanças climáticas, devido à subida do nível das águas do mar. Os objetivos do projeto etnogeográfico foram dois: avaliar a percepção que os ilhéus têm das mudanças climáticas e, coerentemente, avaliar a sua percepção da morte. A amostra recolhida no atol foi composta por cinquenta e oito entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados demonstraram que os ilhéus, majoritariamente cristãos, não temem a subida das águas do mar, assim como não temem a morte, devido ao fato de possuírem uma confiança inapelável na Divina Providência.
O Kapiwayá e seu lugar no universo músico-coreográfico-ritual em um clã Desana, alto rio Negro, Amazonas
Authors: Barros Líliam Cristina da Silva
Published: September 2012

O artigo apresenta a descrição de um repertório musical específico (Kapiwayá) e seu lugar no universo músico-coreográfico-ritual de um clã Desana. A pesquisa foi realizada em São Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM), por meio de entrevistas com o especialista em cantos - o bayá. O estudo aborda o aspecto da formação da humanidade e da construção da pessoa a partir das práticas musicais e rituais, tendo como ponto de partida o mito de criação do mundo e os repertórios musicais deste grupo indígena.
Possibilidades e limitações interpretativas da Hipótese Saxe/Goldstein
Authors: Strauss André
Published: September 2012

A Hipótese Saxe/Goldstein foi gerada no seio da arqueologia processual e, como tal, pretendia-se capaz de reconstruir as dimensões sociais das populações pretéritas a partir do estudo de suas práticas mortuárias. Em sua forma original, ela afirmava que a emergência de cemitérios formais seria resultado de um aumento na competição por recursos vitais; o que, por sua vez, levaria à formação de grupos corporativos de descendência cujo objetivo seria monopolizar o acesso a esses recursos; e esse monopólio seria legitimado invocando a descendência dos ancestrais. Posteriormente, uma nova versão foi proposta, na qual a ênfase era a relação entre a presença de cemitérios formais e os padrões de mobilidade dos grupos humanos. Neste trabalho, a elaboração dessa hipótese é revista de forma crítica, discutindo suas transformações ao longo dos últimos 40 anos e identificando contradições que, até então, haviam passado despercebidas. Por fim, os registros arqueológicos dos sambaquis brasileiros e dos abrigos da região de Lagoa Santa são usados para mostrar que a ausência de uma posição crítica em relação à Hipótese Saxe/Goldstein pode acarretar interpretações impróprias do registro arqueológico.
Joseph Leidy entre dois paradigmas da Paleontologia
Authors: Faria Felipe
Published: September 2012

Com a aceitação dos métodos e programas de pesquisa desenvolvidos por Georges Cuvier para o estudo dos fósseis, a Paleontologia teve seu primeiro paradigma kuhniano instalado. Joseph Leidy iniciou seus trabalhos sob esta orientação teórica e metodológica e praticou, no âmbito da Paleontologia, o que Thomas Kuhn denominou de ciência normal. Entretanto, com o acúmulo de dados provenientes de seus trabalhos taxonômicos, Leidy identificou algumas questões que não podiam ser respondidas sob a luz do paradigma cuvieriano. Somente o novo paradigma, o evolutivo, podia respondê-las e, desta forma, Leidy aderiu às teorias evolucionistas de Charles Darwin. Este processo de transição de um naturalista treinado sob uma orientação, e que passa a trabalhar sob uma nova, é analisado neste trabalho, levando-se em consideração as peculiaridades da aplicação da estrutura prevista por Kuhn em uma disciplina como a Paleontologia. Diferentemente do rompimento epistemológico previsto por Kuhn, na mudança de paradigma na Paleontologia, diversos paleontólogos continuaram a trabalhar orientados pelo velho paradigma, mas produzindo dados utilizáveis pelos evolucionistas. Leidy foi um deles, porém sua transição foi mais adiante, pois, a partir de 1859, gradualmente, ele começou a utilizar relações de ancestralidade e a seleção natural como explicações para as semelhanças morfológicas existentes entre as espécies que se sucederam ao longo da história da vida.
El legado de Darrell Posey: de las investigaciones etnobiológicas entre los Kayapó a la protección de los conocimientos indígenas
Authors: López Garcés Claudia Leonor , Robert Pascale de
Published: September 2012

Darrell Posey (1947-2001) efectuó sus principales estudios etnobiológicos entre los Mebêngôkre-Kayapó, pueblo de lengua Jê que habita territorios oficialmente reconocidos por el Estado brasileño en la región del alto y medio río Xingú. Con base en el análisis de la obra de Posey sobre los Kayapó, en investigación documental en el Archivo Guilherme de La Penha, del Museo Goeldi, y en testimonios de indígenas y de investigadores que fueron sus colegas en esta institución, este artículo aborda el legado científico y político de Posey, considerando sus aportes a la etnobiología y a las actuales discusiones sobre protección de los conocimientos tradicionales.
Darrell Posey: un chercheur engagé
Authors: Gély Anne
Published: September 2012

Scientifique visionnaire (idéaliste pour certains), citoyen engagé (activiste pour d'autres), Darrell Posey (1947-2001) a marqué de son empreinte son passage en territoire indigène. Il a eu le mérite d'ouvrir un débat indispensable à la frontière entre cultures, sciences et développement en associant les indiens Kayapó à ses réflexions et ses actions, et en leur permettant de faire entendre leurs voix et de défendre leurs droits sur un plan national et international.
Natureza e cultura na paisagem amazônica: uma experiência fotográfica com ressonâncias na cosmologia ameríndia e na ecologia histórica
Authors: Pardini Patrick
Published: September 2012

Enquanto experiência artística, o projeto fotográfico "Arborescência - fisionomia do vegetal na paisagem amazônica" proporciona ao autor uma série de descobertas: a paisagem como entrelaçamento de Natureza e Cultura (a presença indireta do homem; o face a face com 'sujeitos vegetais'); as relações de continuidade, indiferenciação e equivalência entre o 'natural' (heterogêneo, espontâneo, nativo, rural) e o 'cultural' (homogêneo, cultivado, exótico, urbano) na experiência da paisagem vegetal; a arborescência como "imagem cósmica" (Gaston Bachelard), onde o alto (céu, luz, galhos, água celeste) e o baixo (terra, sombra, raízes, água terrestre) são pólos equivalentes e reversíveis. Tal experiência encontra ressonâncias na eco-cosmologia das sociedades da floresta amazônica. A cosmologia ameríndia é uma "ecologia simbólica" (Philippe Descola), pois elabora "uma complexa dinâmica de trocas e transformações entre sujeitos humanos e não humanos, visíveis e invisíveis" (Bruce Albert); a ecologia ameríndia é uma "cosmologia posta em prática" (Kaj Århem), na qual animais caçados e plantas cultivadas são 'parentes' que é preciso seduzir ou coagir. Tal modelo constitui uma forma de "socialização da natureza" (Descola), de "humanização da floresta" (Evaristo Eduardo de Miranda) e de "antropização indireta" dos ecossistemas amazônicos (Descola), geradora de "matas culturais" (William Balée).
Behavior prediction models and control charts for safety control of concrete dams
Authors: Lopes R. A. C. , Santos E. P. , Veloso L. A. C. M.
Published: September 2012

This paper presents a study for improving measurement procedures on concrete dams based on the development of behavior prediction models using multiple regression and control charts. The series of displacements of the TA-2 concrete block crest of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant, the largest Brazilian hydroelectric power plant, was taken as an example of application. The methodology that was used generated a behavior prediction model that is in good agreement with the measured displacements. Two types of control charts were tested, both of which identified the change in structural behavior of the block.
Experimental analysis of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with self-compacting concrete and connectors
Authors: Nascimento P. P. , Gomes R. B. , Borges L. L. J. , David D. L.
Published: September 2012

There are many problems involving cases of destruction of buildings and other structures. The columns can deteriorate for several reasons such as the evolution and changing habits of the loads. The experimental phase of this work was based on a test involving nine reinforced concrete columns under combined bending and axial compression, at an initial eccentricity of 60 mm. Two columns were used as reference, one having the original dimensions of the column and the other, monolithic, had been cast along the thickness of the strengthened piece. The remaining columns received a 35 mm thick layer of self-compacting concrete on their compressed face. For the preparation of the interface between the two materials, this surface was scarified and furrowed and connectors were inserted onto the columns' shear reinforcement in various positions and amounts.As connectors, 5 mm diameter steel bars were used (the same as for stirrups), bent in the shape of a "C" with 25 mm coatings. >As a conclusion, not only the quantity, but mainly, the location of the connectors used in the link between substrate and reinforcement is crucial to increase strength and to change failure mode.
Contribution to assessing the stiffness reduction of structural elements in the global stability analysis of precast concrete multi-storey buildings
Authors: Marin M. C. , El Debs M. K.
Published: September 2012

This study deals with the reduction of the stiffness in precast concrete structural elements of multi-storey buildings to analyze global stability. Having reviewed the technical literature, this paper present indications of stiffness reduction in different codes, standards, and recommendations and compare these to the values found in the present study. The structural model analyzed in this study was constructed with finite elements using ANSYS® software. Physical Non-Linearity (PNL) was considered in relation to the diagrams M x N x 1/r, and Geometric Non-Linearity (GNL) was calculated following the Newton-Raphson method. Using a typical precast concrete structure with multiple floors and a semi-rigid beam-to-column connection, expressions for a stiffness reduction coefficient are presented. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: the reduction coefficients obtained from the diagram M x N x 1/r differ from standards that use a simplified consideration of PNL; the stiffness reduction coefficient for columns in the arrangements analyzed were approximately 0.5 to 0.6; and the variation of values found for stiffness reduction coefficient in concrete beams, which were subjected to the effects of creep with linear coefficients from 0 to 3, ranged from 0.45 to 0.2 for positive bending moments and 0.3 to 0.2 for negative bending moments.