bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NRCA-Amvets Auxiliary Scholarship Winners For 1972
Authors: Gaydos Edmund
Published: June 2019

Marlene A. Nelson, Chairman of the NRCA Scholarship Committee, reported that 28 contestants representing 18 schools from fifteen states participated in 1972 NRCA—AMVETS Auxiliary Scholarship Program. The National Rehabilitation Counseling Association and the American Veterans of World War II Auxiliary have established national $1,000 and $500 cash scholarships to be awarded to students enrolled full time in Graduate Rehabilitation Counseling Programs. An annual search for winners is conducted through state, regional, and national competition. The winner of the top national NRCA—AMVETS Scholarship is the guest of both the AMVETS Auxiliary and NRCA at their annual meetings for the presentation of the scholarship.

Each contestant must submit a brief essay which serves as one facet of the judging criteria along with scholastic and faculty evaluation criterion. The Journal is pleased to print the essays of the first and second place winners.
Differences in Hourly Wages and Hours Worked Between Successfully Rehabilitated African Americans and European Americans: The More Things Change, The More They Stay The Same
Authors: Wilson Keith B.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine whether African Americans and European Americans with disbilities would differ in hourly wages and hours worked after being closed successfully. The t-test and point biserial correlation was used to determine whether the means of hours worked and hourly wages differed significantly between African Amencans and European Americans. A statistically significant difference emerged between the two group on hourly wages after the successful completion of the rehabilitation process; however, hours worked at close were not statistically significant. Average weekly hours, average wages per hour, and race proved to be only negligibly associated and statistically significant. African Americans tend to earn less than their European American counterparts after successful closures. Future research considerations are discussed.
Applying Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory to Assistive Technology Discontinuance
Authors: Riemer-Reiss Marti L.
Published: June 2019

Assistive technology devices increase the capacity of individuals with disabilities to live independent, productive lives. There are, howeever many individuals with disabilities who are dissa,tisfied with their assistive technology and dlscontinue use of it. Empirical research documenting factors related to assistive technology discontinuance from consumers' perspectives iS limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the factors that are associated with discontinuance of asslstlve technology by Individuals with dlsabilities. A quantitative, correlation research design was used to determine if there was a relatlonship among the variables (derived primarily from Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory), and discontinuanca of assistive technology. Results demonstrated that the variables of relative advantage and consumer involvement had a significant effect on predicting discontinuance of assistive technology.
The Perceptions of Agency Directors on the Role and Functions of the Rehabilitation Counselor in Thailand
Authors: Scorzelli James F.
Published: June 2019

In order to assist the first and only rehabilitation counseling program in Thailand in curriculum and instructional planning, a job task analysis was conducted. The sample consisted of 71 directors of agencies, schools and hospitals which provided services to children and adults with disabling conditions. The results of the study were consistent with previous research on the roles and functions of the rehabilitation counselor, and supported the counselor-coordinator model.
Career Development Patterns Among Professional Persons with Severe Psychiatric Disabilities: Implications for Practice
Authors: Botterbusch Karl F.
Published: June 2019

This study investigated career patterns among persons with serious psychiatric disabilities who had completed higher education. As part of a vocational program follow-up, 48 middle-aged, mostly white men and women consumers were interviewed about educational and employment histories. A computer program based on age of onset, job skill level, job and educational codes, and dates of employment was developed. Five different, mutually exclusive, career development patterns were identified: (a) career constant with postformal education disability onset, (b) career constant with preformal education completion disability onset, (c) career change with post-formal educational disability onset, (d) career change with pre-formal educational completion disability onset, and (e) early onset with no career. Results were related to current career development theories and the needs of counselors serving this population.
Depression: A Primer for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Bishop Malachy , Swett Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2019

Depression, whether it be in the form of major depressive disorder or a less severe depressive state, presents a unique set of problems and challenges to the rehabilitation counselor. In combination with a separate disabling condition, depression can make an already challenging rehabilitation situation even more complex. Along with variety in the degree and presentation of depression, there are almost constant developments in the treatment of depression, making it difficult for counselors to maintain a level of educational and counseling competency. This primer is an attempt to clarify and simplify the role of the rehabilitation counselor working with clients who are experiencing and being treated for depression. Presented within it are the diagnostic considerations, current pharmacological treatments, and counseling concerns related to working with clients with depression in a rehabilitation setting.
Job Retention Services for Employees with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Critical Need in Vocational Rehabilitation
Authors: Roessler Richard T.
Published: June 2019

Provision of job retention services is a critical need in vocational rehabilitation. With on-the-job check-ups from rehabilitation professionals, individuals with severe disabilities such as spinal cord injuries can experience improved job retention rates and decrease the risk of lapsing into the sick role. Provided by a career development specialist, job retention services include such steps as early identification of workers at risk, specification of barriers and accommodations, employee preparation to initiate the accommodation request and counter employer resistance, and evaluation of the utility of the accommodation plan. A rationale for such career services and further information on the steps involved is presented with particular focus on the needs of employees with spinal cord injuries.
Telework: A New Frontier in Vocational Rehabilitation
Authors: Bromet Elizabeth S. , Growick Bruce
Published: June 2019

This article describes how telework can be used in vocational rehabilitation to assist individuals with severe disabilities to obtain substantial, gainful employment. The term telework, often referred to as telecommuting, refers to paid employees working from a remote location away from their normal places of business, usually from home using telecommunications and/or computers. Telework provides a unique opportunity for employers to accommodate the limitations of qualified applicants, or existing employees. As state and federal laws on disability, including Workers' Compensation and Social Security, are scrutinized and revised to provide additional opportunities for employment of the severely disabled, the use of telework will unquestionably increase. The advantages of telework are its competitive pay, a flexible, at-home work schedule, and numerous employment opportunities. As a new vocational option, telework appears to be an emerging frontier in the delivery of rehabilitation services.
The Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors: The Administrator and Supervisor Perspective
Authors: Saunders Jodi L. , Peck Sandra L.
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the ethical issues facing rehabilitation counseling supervisors and administrators (RCS/As). A brief overview of supervision in rehabilitation counseling is provided in addition to: a) an examination of common ethical issues in rehabilitation counseling supervision, b) the availability of ethical guidance, and c) uses and limitations of the recently revised Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors. Recommendations for facilitating and supporting ethical practice are also presented.
Ethics Update for Rehabilitation Counselors in the Private Sector
Authors: Berens Debra E. , Weed Roger O.
Published: June 2019

The practice of retaining rehabilitation counselors as case consultants and forensic specialists (used interchangeably with expert witness throughout this article), in the private sector has grown significantly over the past 20 years. With that growth, the need for ethical guidelines for individuals practicing within these areas also has grown. Yet not until 2001, did certified rehabilitation counselors have a professional code of ethics that truly addressed some of the issues unique to this group of practitioners. The revised CRCC Professional Code of Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors attempts to address these issues and also cover the diverse areas in which CRCs are qualified to practice within the private sector. While this article does not intend to be a primer regarding ethical considerations for rehabilitation counselors in the private sector; especially case consultants and forensic specialists, it does review some of the issues specific to rehabilitation counselors who practice in these areas and the new ethical guidelines to which case consultants and forensic specialists must be held accountable. A six year review of CRCC Ethics Committee actions is included as well as claims information, i.e., case examples, filed with a major malpractice insurance carrier against private sector rehabilitation practitioners. Questions for reflection on the implications of the revised Code for rehabilitation counselors in the private sector also are included.
Psychological and Emotional Recovery to Severe Burn Injury
Authors: McNulty Kristy L.
Published: June 2019

Burn trauma is not only physically painful, but the experience of sustaining a severe burn, dealing with a lengthy hospital stay, and being faced with long-term consequences can be emotionally devastating. This paper describes common reactions to critical injury within the acute and post-acute rehabilitation phases, and reviews the psychologic adjustment of both pediatric and adult survivors. Rehabilitation counseling interventions focus on building a convoy of social support, coping with pain and incapacitation, fostering a positive self-concept and body image, and promoting overall acceptance of the disability. The role of the rehabilitation counselor in assessing vocational potential is also discussed.
Attitudes of Management Undergraduates Toward Employing Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Loo Robert
Published: June 2019

Although persons with disabilities make-up approximately 17-20% of the American and Canadian populations, they are very under-represented in the work force. This study used quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the attitudes of 231 Canadian management undergraduates, the next generation of professionals and managers, toward employing persons with disabilities. A 13-item quantitative measure of attitudes toward employing persons with disabilities along with several open-ended qualitative questions and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale were used. Overall, the quantitative results showed strong support for organizational actions to employ persons with disabilities and positive attitudes toward persons with disabilities. The qualitative results revealed the complex nature of these attitudes, large individual differences in attitudes, and even conflicting attitudes. Implications and recommendations for organizations and educators are also presented.
Rehabilitation Professionals' Familiarity with and Utilization of Alcoholics Anonymous
Authors: Koch D. Shane , Benshoff John J.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation professionals face the challenge of working with consumers who experience alcohol abuse and dependence as both a primary and secondary disability. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has been the preferred method of support for persons dealing with alcohol and other drug abuse disabilities. The goal of this pilot study was to investigate rehabilitation professionals' familiarity with and utilization of AA. Results of this study indicated that the majority of rehabilitation professionals surveyed tended to: (a) utilize AA.; (b) require participation in AA as part of the individual rehabilitation program; (c) believe AA is successful and (c) believe that clients with alcohol problems tend to do better in their overall rehabilitation program if they participate in AA.
The Spirit of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Collaboration Between Special Education and Vocational Rehabilitation for the Transition of Students with Disabilities
Authors: Edmondson Claudia A. , Cain Hal M.
Published: June 2019

This article looks at the intent of IDEA with regard to collaboration of services in the area of school to adult life transitions. In particular, the potential benefit of involving vocational rehabilitation counselors in the IEP process is discussed. An overview of the IDEA and transition is given including age requirements and IEP team constellation. Suggestions are made as to how the “spirit of the law” can be met to better serve students and young adults with disabilities through the transition to adulthood process.
Ethical and Legal Implications of Informed Consent in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Blackwell Terry L. , Patterson Jeanne B.
Published: June 2019

This article explores the role of informed consent in the rehabilitation counseling process under the revised Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors (CRCC, 2001). In addition to describing the elements of informed consent, the authors provide recommendations and examples for ensuring informed consent throughout the rehabilitation process.
Gaps Between Addiction Treatment and Research: Challenges for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Scott Cynthia G. , Patterson Jeanne B.
Published: June 2019

Because addiction is frequently a secondary disability rehabilitation counselors must not only possess knowledge about the disability, but understand the current state of addiction treatment so they can help consumers make informed choices. This article describes the ideological differences that exist between many addiction researchers and treatment practitioners as well as other barriers that keep current addiction research from being used by agencies to make treatment decisions. These barriers can result in misinformation for consumers and challenges for rehabilitation counselors. Implications for rehabilitation counselors, including treatment and referral recommendations, are provided.
Rehabilitation Professionals' Perceived Competencies in Assistive Technology Selection and Referral: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Riemer-Reiss Marti L.
Published: June 2019

As primary providers of assistive technology (AT), vocational rehabilitation professionals must be knowledgeable about AT selection and referral. The current study was conducted as a preliminary analysis to determine if the quantity of vocational rehabilitation professionals' AT education was related to the quantity of AT devices selected and referrals made. Additionally, professionals' perception of a need for additional AT education was examined. Results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the amount of AT education rehabilitation professionals received and the number of devices selected and referrals made. Finally, the majority of the respondents indicated that future AT education is necessary. Implications of this analysis for vocational rehabilitation professionals are discussed.
The Participation of Senior Workers in Vocational Rehabilitation Services
Authors: Wadsworth John
Published: June 2019

As social awareness focuses on the needs of an aging labor force, the rehabilitation profession must broaden its appeal to an aging population. Currently, the participation rate of older persons in vocational services is low. Vocational rehabilitation services have much to offer seniors who work for financial, social, or emotional reasons. The rehabilitation counselor's knowledge of the workplace, knowledge of disability, and commitment to inclusion can assist many older adults who have a disability in maintaining employment.
Social Support and Quality of Life among Elderly Chinese Americans/Immigrants with Disabilities: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Hampton Nan Zhang
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was two fold: (a) to identify levels of quality of life (QOL) in elderly Chinese Americans/Immigrants with disabilities (ECAID) and (b) to explore relationships among demographic variables, health status, social support, and QOL in this population. Forty-two ECAID participated in the study. The results indicated that ECAID perceived themselves as having a poor quality of life and social support was the strongest predictor of QOL which accounted for 47% of the variance in QOL. Although educational level and health status were related to QOL in a correlation analysis, they did not significantly contribute to QOL while holding constant the effects of social support in a multiple regression analysis. Implications of these findings for rehabilitation counselors and researchers are discussed in the socia-cultural context.
The Illness Intrusiveness Model: Rehabilitation Implications
Authors: Roessler Richard T.
Published: June 2019

Because it addresses the impact of illness and disability on life outcomes (e.g., employment status, emotional state, and perceived quality of life), the illness intrusiveness model provides significant insights into critical functions of rehabilitation counseling. The model illuminates the disease and treatment factors contributing to intrusiveness, the operational definition of intrusiveness, and the relationship of intrusiveness to personal control. It provides rationales for (a) interventions that enhance individuals' personal control and self-care, self-management, and task-focused coping strategies and (b) program evaluations that assess the extent to which individuals have acquired those personal orientations and skills and succeeded in reducing the intrusiveness of illness or disability in their lives.
Working with HIV/AIDS: Who Attempts Workforce Reentry Following Disability?
Authors: Martin David J. , Arns Paul G. , Chernoff Robert A. , Steckart M. Jillissa
Published: June 2019

New treatments for HIV/AIDS resulted in improved health, increased life expectancy, and improved life quality among people with HIV/AIDS, leading some to contemplate or attempt workforce reentry. Little is known about factors that distinguish people with HIV/AIDS who attempt workforce reentry from those who do not. We compared a sample of 235 people with HIV/AIDS enrolled in a workforce-reentry assistance project with 51 people with HIV/AIDS who were not on demographic, health, mental health, and substance abuse measures. We observed a consistent pattern of improved health among those who enrolled in the program compared to those who did not. No other pattern of group differences was observed, but both groups evidenced indices of poorer mental health and higher rates of substance abuse than suggested by national norms. People with HIV/AIDS contemplating workforce reentry may appropriately weigh their health and its implications for workforce reentry and the potential impact of employment on their health in deciding whether or not to attempt workforce reentry.
Implications of Perceptual-Motor Differences within Blind Populations
Authors: Joyce Arthur , Isom Rodney , Dial Jack G. , Sandel Mark H.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the study was to explore perceptual-motor differences between blind and sighted adults from a neuropsychological perspective, and to analyze the differences within the blind group. Perceptual-motor abilities were examined using Comprehensive Vocational Evaluation System (CVES), a vocational rehabilitation and neuropsychological battery designed for use with blind populations. The data were processed using Analysis of Covariance. Results showed that the sighted persons had better motor abilities, while persons with blindness were more skilled at haptic identification of shape and texture. Analysis within the blind group showed that texture identification skills are better when blindness occurs earlier in life and to the extent that blindness is total. Later onset blindness and the retention of some functional vision may not lead to a refocusing of attentional states necessary to develop haptic images. One implication of the findings is that teaching individuals who retain some functional vision to read Braille is probably counterproductive. These individuals would be better served by learning to use CCTV and large print books.
Hate Crimes, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Implications for Counseling Lesbians and Gay Men
Authors: Cheng Zhankum
Published: June 2019

Hate crime refers to criminal conduct that is motivated by bias or prejudice. The persecution of lesbians and gay men due to their homosexual orientation has had profound impact in American society. During the past few years, there have been frequent brutal assaults committed against lesbians and gay men in the United States. This article examines the prevalence of hate crimes specifically committed against lesbians and gay men, the characteristics of the perpetrators, the settings where the crimes take place, and features of the victims who are targeted. In addition, the author explores posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a psychological disorder that lesbians and gay men may develop as a result of the hate crimes. Finally, recommendations are provided for rehabilitation counselors in addressing hate crime induced PTSD among lesbians and gay men.
What Rehabilitation Counselors Should Know About the Prescription Privileges Initiative for Psychologists
Authors: Ferrin James M. , Tansey Tim , Lee Gloria K. , Leech Linda , Frain Michael
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counselors need to be aware of a change on the horizon in the way psychotropic medications may be prescribed. A debate is ongoing in state legislatures on whether psychologists should have prescriptive authority over a limited formulary. Changes to existing prescription privilege statute may affect the future of rehabilitation practice as rehabilitation counselors may expand consultation regarding clients' medication schedules and monitoring from psychiatrists and physicians to include psychologists. This paper examines both the case for and against that right to prescribe, as well as the potential changes to rehabilitation counseling practice that result from granting psychologists the privilege to prescribe.
The Counseling Function in Vocational Rehabilitation
Authors: Colling Kyle , Davis Alan
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a five stage counseling process and describes its relationship to the rehabilitation process as experienced by vocational rehabilitation consumers. It is argued that professional counseling methods in the context of a helping relationship can facilitate and enhance vocational rehabilitation outcomes.
Power, Perception, and Privilege: White Privilege and the Rehabilitation of Mexican Americans
Authors: LeBlanc Sandra , Smart Julie F.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counselors are gatekeepers to services in the state/federal vocational rehabilitation agency. Further, it is safe to state that the majority of these counselors are white, non-Hispanic Americans. Juxtaposed with these twin realities is the growing number of Hispanic/Latino Americans with disabilities, the greatest number of whom are of Mexican origin. Therefore, it becomes necessary for rehabilitation counselors to examine the concepts, history, and results of white privilege. In rehabilitation, white privilege may affect the higher rates of disabilities experienced by Mexican Americans and the fact that once Mexican Americans acquire these disabilities, they experience more secondary conditions and complications (than white, non-Hispanics). Acceptance for services in the state/federal VR system can be influenced by white privilege. Once accepted for services, white privilege can create distance and a power differential between the rehabilitation counselor and the Mexican American client. In addition, biases and inaccurate (and unconscious) perceptions of the counselor may lead to inaccurate assessments and underestimation of the Mexican American client's potential for rehabilitation. Practice recommendations which empower the Mexican American client are presented.
Still Not in Vogue: The Portrayal of Disability in Magazine Advertising
Authors: Parashar Divya , Devanathan Narayan
Published: June 2019

As a well-acknowledged creator of cultural norms today, advertising shapes societal attitudesfor a majority of the population that receives its cultural inputsFom the media. Building upon previous research on the depiction of disability in media, this study examined whether advertising has helped “dispel stereotypes and make disability a part of the social and mental landscape” (Panol & McBride, 2001, p. 48). A content analysis of ads in the top two circulating magazines in the categories of sports, fashion, and general interest/news (Sports Illustrated and ESPN, Vogue and Cosmopolitan, Time and Newsweek, respectively) was undertaken. A total of 96 issues of these magazines published from May-October 2003 were analysed for presence of ads which included a disability. Of a total of 3,947 ads in these magazines, only 29 (0.73%) of them contained any textual and/or visual depiction of disability. Research questions explored ad and disahility characteristics, and the presence of noteworthy relations between them. Overall, findings suggest that advertising's portrayal of disability still leaves much to be desired and has done little to alleviate the perpetuation of negative attitudes regarding disabilities.
Obesity as a Disability: Medical, Psychosocial and Vocational Implications
Authors: Romero Maria G. , Marini Irmo
Published: June 2019

Obesity has become the second leading cause of death following smoking in the United States and is considered to have reached epidemic proportions over the past decade. It is estimated that almost two thirds of the U.S. population are overweight or obese. Obesity is also a contributor to a number of secondary disabling conditions such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, respiratory dysfunction, and musculoskeletal disorders. The psychosocial, medical and vocational implications for persons who are obese are becoming an increasing important area for rehabilitation counselors. Discrimination in employment, social situations, education, and the medical community is well documented. These issues in addition to mental health and vocational counseling strategies are discussed in this article.
Transition-Age Adults with ADHD: Gender and Predictors of Vocational Rehabilitation Outcomes
Authors: Schaller James , Yang Nancy K. , Trainor Audrey
Published: June 2019

Differences in rates of case closure, case service cost, hours worked per week, and weekly wage between White males and females with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder were examined using the Rehabilitation Service Administration national data base of 2002. Females had statistically significantly higher case service costs than males. Using logistic regression, the customer demographic variable related to successful competitive employment for males was age. Case service variables related to successful competitive employment for males were vocational rehabilitation counseling, job search assistance, and job placement. The customer case service variable related to successful competitive employment for females was job search assistance. Implications for rehabilitation professionals and for future research on vocational rehabilitation outcomes with consumers with ADHD are provided.
Employment, Vocational Rehabilitation, and the Ticket to Work Program: Perspectives of Latinos with Disabilities
Authors: Hernandez Brigida , Cometa Mary Joyce , Rosen Jay , Velcoff Jessica , Schober Daniel , Luna Rene David
Published: June 2019

This qualitative study explored the employment, vocational rehabilitation (VR), and Ticket to Work (TTW) experiences of Latinos with disabilities. Seven focus groups were conducted with 45 working-age Latinos with disabilities, who were either employed or seeking employment. Top barriers to employment included lack of adequate transportation, difficulties with speaking the English language, inadequate levels of formal education, and negative employet attitudes toward workers with disabilities. In addition, participants expressed concerns with the VR system and VR counselors' lack of responsiveness and collaboration. To a lesser degree, participants reported prejudiced attitudes on the basis of ethnic minority status among employers and VR counselors. Although over one-third of the sample reported general awareness of the TTW program, accurate knowledge was sorely limited. Further, two participants attempted to use the Ticket, with no success. Implications of this study include emphasis on addressing the employment needs of Latinos with disabilities in comprehensive and culturally-competent ways.
A Qualitative Investigation of the Psychosocial Impact of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
Authors: Koch Lynn , Vierstra Courtney , Penix Ken
Published: June 2019

The psychosocial impact of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) was the focus of our investigation. Using a grounded theory qualitative research design, we explored this phenomenon by conducting semi-structured telephone interviews with 10 individuals with MCS. Nine preliminary categories were developed to organize and interpret the data. From these categories, four themes emerged that have major implications for the rehabilitation of clients with MCS: (a) the on-going struggle to live in a chemical society; (b) the compounding negative consequences of living with a condition that is invalidated by others; (c) the psychosocial isolation that results as a consequence of (a) and (b); and (d) the reliance of people with MCS on alternative coping and symptoms management strategies.
Customized Employment: From Practice to Policy
Authors: Nicholas Robert B. , Luecking Richard G. , Luecking Debra Martin
Published: June 2019

Recent legislative direction and concomitant federal policy initiatives reflect longstanding advocacy for informed choice, self-determination and more employment opportunities for people considered to have significant disabilities. Customized employment is one strategy available to rehabilitation programs and professionals that embodies this federal policy intent. This article explores the implications of customized employment strategies for improving employment outcomes, the potential inhibitors and facilitators of wider scale adoption of these strategies, and the implications of these strategies for influencing future disability employment policy.
Implementation of a Self-management Programme for People with Long-Term Medical Conditions in a Workplace Setting
Authors: Barlow Julie H. , Ellard David R.
Published: June 2019

The Expert Patient Programme (EPP) is a lay-led self management intervention, delivered in the community and is designed for people with long-term medical conditions (LTMCs). It is now widely used and accepted in the UK. The aims of this qualitative study were to examine whether implementation of the lay-led EPP in a workplace setting is perceived to benefit employees with LTMCs and to examine their existing organisational support. This article presents the results of interviews with employees before and after they attended the work-based EPP and also the views of managers that have to support staff that work with LTMCs. The results suggest that having LTMCs interferes with working life and that managers perceive that they do not have enough support to help people with LTMCs. The EPP proved to be of assistance to participants and could, with minor adaptations, be used effectively in a workplace setting.
Caught in a Social Safety Net: Perspectives of Recipients of Social Security Disability Programs on Employment
Authors: Olney Marjorie F.
Published: June 2019

It is estimated that 15-30 percent of people who are on the Social Security Administration's (SSA) disability benefit programs would like to work. However, despite a number of incentives, few leave benefit programs and become employed. A qualitative study with SSA recipients, all of whom expressed a desire to work, was conducted to augment findings from previous quantitative studies. The most common barrier to employment mentioned by participants was the SSA system itself which was viewed as an institution breeding fear and mistrust. Respondents identified three scenarios that would allow them to work: a full-time job with medical benefits, a part-time job that would allow them to maintain SSA benefits, or a full-time job with sufficient income to afford medical benefits.
Dual Diagnosis: Does Race Affect Vocational Rehabilitation Outcomes?
Authors: Robinson Mona , Klein Michael
Published: June 2019

The study examined vocational rehabilitation outcomes of persons who were dually diagnosed with mental health and substance abuse disorders. The study sought to examine whether differences existed in vocational rehabilitation outcomes based upon the individuals' race by examining the 2002 RSA-911 database containing successful and unsuccessful closures (status 26 and 28). MANOVA and Chi-square analyses showed that minorities earned lower wages and received less college training than their non-minority counterparts. The results of the study indicated that statistically significant differences existed in vocational rehabilitation outcomes for individuals who are dually diagnosed, with minorities faring worse than their non-minority counterparts.
Vocational Rehabilitation Services Needs of Female Ex-Inmates with Mental Illness: The Perspective of a Southern State
Authors: Williams Felisia , Dutta Alo , Kundu Madan , Welch Michael
Published: June 2019

Females constitute about 28% of all inmates with mental illness in American prisons. This population is in dire need of professional assistance and typically does not have access to needed care. As a result, a large number of female inmates with mental illness are returning home with less preparation for the challenges of community living and self-sufficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to: (1) establish a benchmark of knowledge for rehabilitation professionals relative to the specific structure of job placement services needs of the target population at intake and (2) ascertain the reliability of the instrument used to measure such need for services for the target population. The findings indicated that the following factors were important in the vocational rehabilitation of the target population: vocational evaluation, independent living skills training, assessment of vocational readiness, maintenance of healthy family relations, professional assistance with child care and transportation, employer attitudes, rehabilitation agency policies and scope of services, and professional preparations of placement personnel.
The Influence of Coworker Justice Perceptions on Worksite Accommodations and the Return to Work of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Nichols Jane L.
Published: June 2019

This literature review explores research on coworker justice perceptions regarding workplace accommodation necessary in the employment of persons with disabilities. A review of rehabilitation counseling and organizational psychology literature yielded meaningful research acknowledging the importance of coworker's attitudes pertaining to accommodations of employees with disabilities. Research findings suggest that the behaviors of workplace employees are influenced by their feelings of fairness. In the organizational literature the term justice is equivalent to fairness. Research indicates that disability characteristics, organizational factors and coworker perceptions regarding the procedural fairness of accommodations may impact the successful implementation of accommodations for persons with disabilities and are/actors which deserve further exploration and study.
Rehabilitation Counseling in the State or Federal Program: Is There a Future?
Authors: O'Brien Michael , Graham Michael
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counseling has played a significant role in the public rehabilitation program since its inception. Rehabilitation educators have also been critical in this partnership. This article reviews current trends in the relationships between public rehabilitation agencies, university programs, accreditation bodies, and others to dicuss future potential paths. Also reviewed are current expectations for skills and opportunities for rehabilitation counselors in the state/federal vocational rehabilitation programs. Opposing alternatives for how these relationships may affect the future of rehabilitation counseling practice are suggested.
A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Clinical Judgment with Objective Evaluation in the Prognosis of Rehabilitation Outcome
Authors: Holbert William M. , Walker Martha
Published: June 2019

A three-year Research and Demonstraton Grant conducted at the Atlanta Employment Evaluation and Service Center, which serves the hardcore poor, is reviewed with particular emphasis on the clinical judgment of various staff members. Evaluators, caseworkers, and work adjustment staff were compared for accuracy of prognosis of client potential. Evaluators proved to be more optimistic and more accurate. The interaction of expectancies and performance is discussed, with particular attention to the role of self-concept in work potential. The possibility of self-destructive self-concepts of the disadvantaged and strategies for changing them is suggested. The effect of prophecy upon performance is also mentioned.
Encounter Groups and Rehabilitation
Authors: Cook Daniel W. , Sleater Susan M. , Kunce Joseph T.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation workers are continually searching for new and effective treatment modalities. Recently there has been increased interest in the use of the small group in rehabilitation practice. A more specialized form of group procedures, the encounter group, is drawing interest in psychological literature and the popular press. This paper distinguishes encounter groups from other group procedures, reviews the literature concerning positive and adverse effects of encounter techniques when used with rehabilitation populations, recommends when encounter techniques may be most applicable and gives recommendations for rehabilitation personnel interested in using encounter group procedures.
State-Federal Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Mills Craig
Published: June 2019

This is the testimony of Craig Mills, Director Florida Division of Vocational Rehabilitation, presented to the Select Subcommttee on Education of the Committee on Education and Labor, U.S. House of Representatives.
Applicability and Efficacy of a Behavioral Approach to Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Biggs Steve , Bowman James T.
Published: June 2019

The choice of a counseling model frequently presents a dilemma for the rehabilitation counselor. The authors present a case for the utilization of the behavioral approach in rehabilitation counseling. Literature reviewed includes research in the efficacy of reinforcement procedures in rehabilitation settings, applicability of the behavioral approach to rehabilitation clients, and ethical and moral considerations of the behavioral approach.
The Outcomes and Costs of Public Vocational Rehabilitation Consumers with Mental Illnesses
Authors: Cimera Robert Evert
Published: June 2019

This study explored the costs of services that individuals with various mental illnesses received through the State-Federal Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) Service Program. These costs, also placed within the context of wages earned and hours worked, were then compared to those generated by the general population of VR consumers. Data indicated that all groups with mental illnesses averaged lower per capita costs of services than the overall population of VR consumers. However, when cost per wages earned and hours worked were examined, individuals with schizophrenia were more costly than all other comparison groups, even though individuals with schizophrenia had the highest rate of employment of the groups investigated.
Relationship between Knowledge of Employment-Related Public Policies and Occupational Outcome among Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Forchheimer Martin B. , Farrell Debra J. , Tate Denise G.
Published: June 2019

This study assessed whether knowledge of employment-related public policies was related to occupational outcome among people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and explored factors that facilitated their engagement in occupational activities. The sample was 57 individuals with SCI. Knowledge of public policies was assessed using a 16-item questionnaire covering legislation and programs including the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Trial Work Period, and the Ticket to Work – Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999. Computer use and participation in educational activities at time of injury were significantly related to occupational outcome. No significant relationship was observed between knowledge of the assessed public policies and occupational outcome. These policies can facilitate developing skills and obtaining goods and supports that can be important for positive occupational outcome subsequent to a life changing impairment such as SCI. Future research that evaluates what information is most important for whom and how to communicate it most effectively is warranted.
Comparing Disability Prototypes in the United States and Kenya
Authors: Martz Erin , Daniel Samantha
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this cross-cultural research was to examine prototypical perspectives about disability groups in the United States and Kenya. Open-ended questions permitted participants to describe what they thought were prototypical characteristics of people in four disability groups (AIDS, hearing impairment, mental illness, and spinal cord injury). A global chi-square analysis indicated that significant differences existed in the prototypical responses of the two samples. While both samples had the highest percentage in the category of disability-focused responses, there were greater ability-focused and lesser disability-focused responses in the U.S. sample in comparison to the Kenyan sample. Further, individual chi-square analyses of each superordinate category, when examining the two samples across four disability categories, demonstrated that only one superordinate category, stigma, was significantly different between the two samples, whereas the other five superordinate categories (i.e., ability focus, disaoility focus, negative emotions, positive emotions, and random response) exhibited no significant differences. Implications of the findings are briefly discussed.
Advocacy and Accessibility Standards in the New Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Waldmann Ashley K. , Blackwell Terry L.
Published: June 2019

This article addresses the changes in the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification's 2010 Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors as they relate to Section C: Advocacy and Accessibility. Ethical issues are identified and discussed in relation to advocacy skills and to advocacy with, and on behalf of, the client; to attitudinal barriers as well as barriers to access; and to referral accessibility. Other areas of discussion include knowledge of benefit systems, physical and service accessibility in counseling practice, and confidentiality in regard to advocacy counseling.
Forensic Ethics and Indirect Practice for the Rehabilitation Counselor
Authors: Barros-Bailey Mary , Carlisle Jeffrey , Blackwell Terry L.
Published: June 2019

For nearly 50 years, the specialty area of forensics has emerged as an established practice setting in rehabilitation counseling, and it is predicted to be the fastest-growing area of practice in the profession. Reflecting the increased number of practitioners in the specialty, the revised Code for Professional Ethics of Rehabilitation Counselors names Section F (Forensics and Indirect Services) as a guide to the ethical practice for rehabilitation counselors in this specialty. The section includes 17 standards specific to clients' and evaluees' rights, rehabilitation counselors' forensic competency and conduct, forensic practices, and forensic business practices. Furthermore, the unique relationship of the forensic rehabilitation counselor with the person receiving services is clarified through the introduction of the definition of evaluee, a term that has gained unilateral agreement throughout the field of forensic rehabilitation.
Ethics and the Use of Technology in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Barros-Bailey. Mary , Saunders Jodi L.
Published: June 2019

Standards for technology ethics were first introduced into the Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors in 2002. Since that time, the proliferation of technology has enhanced practice, changed the American vernacular, and become infused in the delivery of services to and teaching of individuals, families, and groups. The 2010 revision to the Code updates and reinforces standards involving behavior, accessibility, confidentiality, informed consent, security, assessment, records, legal issues, advertising, research and publication, counseling unavailability, disclosure, and distance counseling. However, it introduces new standards that are absent from the literature in the counseling and helping professions specific to technology ethics involving consultative and distance group counseling as well as in teaching, supervision, and training.
Relationship of Racial Identity to Cultural Competence and Self-Esteem among Rehabilitation Counseling Graduate Students
Authors: Chae Mark H. , Adegbesan Anthonia , Hirsch Sharon , Wolstein Danny , Shay Alex , Schiro Kristen
Published: June 2019

The current study investigated the relationship of racial identity to cultural competence and self-esteem among 134 rehabilitation counseling graduate students. Additionally, the study investigated the relationship between exposure to diversity related experiences and cultural competence. Multiple regression analyses indicated that White racial identity attitudes accounted for significant variance in self-reported perceived multicultural competence and self-esteem. Additionally, multicultural coursework was predictive of multicultural competence. Implications for rehabilitation counselor education and training are presented.
The Importance of Counseling Supervision in the Professional Development of Public Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Bezyak Jill L. , Ososkie Joseph N. , Trice April L. , Yeager Patricia
Published: June 2019

An examination of rehabilitation counseling supervision in public settings was undertaken. This examination emphasizes the importance of counseling supervision in the professional development of rehabilitation counselors. In addition, certain barriers to effective supervision are highlighted including the emphasis supervisors often place on administrative roles, rather than clinical duties and the infrequency of counseling supervision offered to experienced rehabilitation counselors as opposed to novice rehabilitation counselors. Recommendations for effective counseling supervision that address the needs of counselors and supervisors are also included.