bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of 2- vs. 3-Minute Interrepetition Rest Period on Maximal Clean Technique and Performance
Authors: Ammar Achraf , Riemann Bryan L. , Abdelkarim Osama , Driss Tarak , Hökelmann Anita
Published: August 2018

Ammar, A, Riemann, BL, Abdelkarim, O, Driss, T, and Hökelmann, A. Effect of 2- vs. 3-minute interrepetition rest period on maximal clean technique and performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2548–2556, 2020—Currently, it is widely accepted that adopting a long rest period (3–5 minutes) during maximal strength and power exercise is of importance in reducing acute fatigue and maintaining power and technique proficiency. However, despite the fact that weightlifting is an example of maximal strength exercise, only 2 minutes are officially allowed when athletes attempt 2 successive lifts. The purpose of this study was to compare 3- vs. 2-minute intermaximal repetition rest periods (IMRRPs) on performance, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), technical efficiency, and power production during 2 successive maximal repetitions of clean & jerk (C&J). Nine elite weightlifters (age: 24.4 ± 3.6 years, body mass: 77.2 ± 7.1 kg, height 176.0 ± 6.4 cm, and 1 repetition maximum C&J: 170.0 ± 5.0 kg) performed 2 separate testing sessions using 2-minute IMRRP (IMRRP-2) and 3-minute IMRRP (IMRRP-3), in a randomized order, while barbell kinematics and kinetics were recorded. Results showed that the longer IMRRP-3 minutes led to the maintenance of clean technique (from the first to the second repetition) evidenced by a 1.86% lower decline in peak vertical displacement (p = 0.03) and attenuation of increased peak horizontal displacements with a 1.74% (p = 0.03) less backward movement during the first pull, a 3.89% (p = 0.008) less forward movement during the second pull, and a 4.7% (p = 0.005) less backward movement during the catch phase. In addition, attenuation of peak velocity (2.22%; p = 0.02), peak vertical ground reaction force (1.70%; p = 0.03), and peak power (2.14%; p = 0.02) declines were shown using IMRRP-3 compared with IMRRP-2. Increasing IMRRP from 2 to 3 minutes was also shown to decrease RPE values (8.02%; p = 0.008) and to enhance supramaximal C&J performance (1.55%; p = 0.003). The results of this study suggest 3 minutes to be the most advantageous IMRRP in terms of maintaining technical efficiency, power output, reducing fatigue perception, and enhancing performance in elite weightlifters.
Effect of Unstable Loads on Stabilizing Muscles and Bar Motion During the Bench Press
Authors: Lawrence Michael A. , Ostrowski Stephanie J. , Leib Daniel J. , Carlson Lara A.
Published: August 2018

Lawrence, MA, Ostrowski, SJ, Leib, DJ, and Carlson, LA. Effect of unstable loads on stabilizing muscles and bar motion during the bench press. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S120–S126, 2021—Unstable loads are anecdotally used to increase muscle stabilizer strength and utilization; however, there is little evidence to support these claims. Twelve male powerlifters (age 28.6 ± 5.2 years, body mass 105.6 ± 14.5 kg, lifting experience 9.8 ± 6.0 years, and bench press 5 repetition maximum [5RM] 133.6 ± 30.9 kg) pressed their 5RM in one stable condition with a standard barbell, and 3 unstable conditions using a flexible barbell with weights suspended from elastic bands. Mean integrated muscle activity for each repetition of the stabilizers and prime movers were measured. A Lyapunov exponent and sample entropy indicated unstable loads were less predictable and more variable in the superior/inferior direction, thus more challenging to control, despite decreased loads. The main finding was increased bicep activity in all unstable conditions (light bands and plates, +57%; mini bands and plates, +67%; and mini bands and kettlebells, +88%). Although less weight was used in the unstable 5RMs, most stabilizer muscle activity was not different between conditions, suggesting that the amount of weight used during unstable load training (up to 32.3% less load) may be limited by the ability of stabilizer muscles to control the load.
Numerical Simulation and Laboratory Testing Verification on the Performance of an Asphalt Pavement Seal Coat with Superficially Permeating and Solidifying Properties
Authors: Liang Hehao , Wang Duanyi , Wang Gang , Li Danning , Xu Chi , Liang Xiayi
Published: August 2018

In recent years, preventive maintenance has been used widely to solve the problem of early-stage asphalt pavement damage. However, conventional preventive maintenance treatments cannot effectively prevent rutting or damage resulting from the leakage of diesel fuel to the pavement. In this context, numerical simulations of uniaxial penetration tests were conducted with the Discrete Element Model to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of pavement surface solidification with a special seal coat. Standard viscosity tests on mixtures of waterborne epoxy resin and emulsified asphalt used as the Permeating and Solidifying Seal Coat (PSSC) material were performed, and uniaxial penetration tests and accelerated loading tests were conducted on asphalt mixture specimens with and without the PSSC. The optimum proportion of PSSC material was determined and its permeability, rutting resistance, diesel fuel corrosion resistance, and durability were evaluated. The results of this study indicate that the superficially solidified pavement with PSSC can effectively enhance rutting resistance and diesel fuel corrosion resistance and can provide more durable skid resistance and better antistripping performance than conventional preventive maintenance treatments. Therefore, the PSSC could be considered a new generation of preventive maintenance treatments for asphalt pavements.
Osmotic stress induces JNK-dependent embryo invasion in a model of implantation
Authors: Ruane Peter T , Koeck Rebekka , Berneau Stephane C , Kimber Susan J , Westwood Melissa , Brison Daniel R , Aplin John D
Published: August 2018

In vitro culture during assisted reproduction technologies (ART) exposes pre-implantation embryos to environmental stressors, such as non-physiological nutritional, oxidative and osmotic conditions. The effects on subsequent implantation are not well understood but could contribute to poor ART efficiency and outcomes. We have used exposure to hyperosmolarity to investigate the effects of stress on the ability of embryos to interact with endometrial cells in an in vitro model. Culturing mouse blastocysts for 2h in medium with osmolarity raised by 400mOsm induced blastocoel collapse and re-expansion, but did not affect subsequent attachment to, or invasion of, the endometrial epithelial Ishikawa cell line. Inhibition of stress-responsive c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity with SP600125 did not affect the intercellular interactions between these embryos and the epithelial cells. Four successive cycles of hyperosmotic stress at E5.5 had no effect on attachment, but promoted embryonic breaching of the epithelial cell layer by trophoblast giant cells in a JNK-dependent manner. These findings suggest that acute stress at the blastocyst stage may promote trophoblast breaching of the endometrial epithelium at implantation, and implicates stress signalling through JNK in the process of trophectoderm differentiation into the invasive trophoblast necessary for the establishment of pregnancy. The data may lead to increased understanding of factors governing ART success rates and safety.
Sport Specialization and Risk of Overuse Injuries: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Bell David R. , Post Eric G. , Biese Kevin , Bay Curtis , Valovich McLeod Tamara
Published: August 2018

CONTEXT:

Sport specialization is theorized to increase the risk of sustaining overuse musculoskeletal injuries.

OBJECTIVE:

To complete a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to determine if sport specialization is associated with overuse musculoskeletal injuries.

DATA SOURCES:

An electronic search was conducted using the search terms “specialization,” “year-round,” “overuse,” “repetitive stress,” “injury,” “young,” “pediatric,” and “sports.”

STUDY SELECTION:

Studies were included if their population was ≤18 years of age, if they compared athletes with high or single-sport specialization with athletes with low or multisport specialization, and focused on overuse injuries.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Of the 12 articles that were identified for full-text review, 5 studies met all the inclusion criteria. Four studies provided adequate data for the meta-analysis. Quality scores on the modified Downs and Black scale ranged from 69% to 81%.

RESULTS:

Athletes with high specialization were at an increased risk of sustaining an overuse injury compared with athletes with low (pooled relative risk [RR] ratio: 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–2.60) and moderate (pooled RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.05–1.33) specialization. Athletes with moderate specialization were at a higher risk of injury compared with athletes with low specialization (RR: 1.39 [95% CI: 1.04–1.87]).

LIMITATIONS:

Four of the 5 studies included in this systematic review were included in the meta-analysis because of the lack of access to the original data set for 1 article.

CONCLUSIONS:

Sport specialization is associated with an increased risk of overuse musculoskeletal injuries (Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy grade: B).
O Trabalho do/a Assistente Social na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI): a (in) visibilidade de suas ações x os processos de trabalho em equipe / The Work of The Social Assistant in the Unit of Intensive Therapy (ICU): the (in) visibility of its actions x team work processes
Authors: Da Silveira Rayanna Beatriz Barbosa , Silva Eliana Andrade e
Published: August 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar o trabalho do/a Assistente Social em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto (UTI) destacando os desafios no que se refere a (in) visibilidade de sua atuação. Dessa forma, utilizamos como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa bibliográfica, a documental, além da pesquisa de campo a partir de entrevistas do tipo semiestruturadas realizadas na instituição com a equipe multiprofissional que atua na UTI. A análise dos dados foi através de análise de conteúdo, por meio de categorias. O estudo aponta como o modelo biomédico pode contribuir para a perpetuação de uma prática fragmentada no atendimento à saúde. Os resultados indicam que há diferença entre os processos de trabalho das profissões da área médica (com foco nas especializações) e o Serviço Social com formação generalista. Como também, não há um trabalho interdisciplinar e que a (in) visibilidade está ligada a dois fatores: ausência dessa metodologia apontada como alternativa ao fazer compartimentalizado, bem como por esta diferenciação de formação profissional.
Reading Alex Haley’s Roots
Authors: Newton Richard
Published: August 2018

Alex Haley's Roots reframed America's discourse on race. The best selling novel and award winning miniseries centered the nation's history around the experiences of African Americans. The multigenerational saga of Kunta Kinte's descendants and their roots became a paradigm for American dreaming. This essay examines the scriptural qualities of Haley's Roots, contending that the story has had a binding effect on America's racial consciousness. Building on the work of Vincent L. Wimbush and James W. Watts, it approaches Haley's Roots as a case study in the anthropology of scriptures. A discourse analysis of media allusions to Kunta Kinte underscores Roots as an interpretive site around which Americans uproot, route, and root for a sense of meaning. When read critically, Roots provides a vocabulary and grammar for articulating inter- and intra-racial dynamics, but also the politics that accompany the phenomenon of scriptures.
Who is a Subject and what is Her Position?
Authors: Sheedy Matt K.
Published: August 2018

Merinda Simmons's Changing the Subject offers an important and critical reading of a variety of slave and diaspora narratives that focus on Afro-Caribbean women, pushing the boundaries of contemporary scholarship on narrative, gender, and post-colonial theory with insights from migration, diaspora, and identity studies, along with post-structural theory. While Simmons provides a rich re-reading of four historical novels that deal with these topics, her critical analysis does not address the ways in which the subject positions of differently situated bodies, past and present, are constituted by the structural constraints that surround them and must respond in ways that call out for a political position. Moving beyond Simmons's focus on discourse, I ask how scholars might address such concerns without undermining their own theoretical rigour.
Seismic risk management of piles in liquefiable soils stabilised with cementation or lattice structures
Authors: Rostami Rohollah , Bhattacharya Subhamoy , Hytiris Nicholas , Mickovski Slobodan B
Published: August 2018

Liquefaction is an important seismic hazard that can cause extensive damage and high economic impact during earthquakes. Despite the extensive research, methodologies and approaches for managing liquefaction for pile-supported structures, failures of structures due to liquefaction have continued to occur to this day. The main aim of this paper is to develop a simplified methodology for reducing potential structural damage of structures founded in soils susceptible to liquefaction. In order to implement a successful remediation technique, the current methods for pile failure in liquefiable soils and remediation schemes of earthquake-induced liquefaction are critically reviewed and discussed. Cementation and lattice structure techniques for reducing liquefaction hazard are proposed, while numerical analysis for unimproved and stabilised soil profiles using the finite-element method is carried out to simulate the analysis of both stabilisation techniques. The results showed that both techniques are effective and economically viable for reduction or avoidance of potential structural damage caused by liquefied soil and can be used in isolation or in combination, depending on the ground profile and pile type.
Some Implications of Uncertainty and Misperception for Monetary Policy
Authors: Kiley Michael , Tetlow Robert , Erceg Christopher , Hebden James , López-Salido J. David
Published: August 2018

When choosing a strategy for monetary policy, policymakers must grapple with mismeasurement of labor market slack, and of the responsiveness of price inflation to that slack. Using stochastic simulations of a small-scale version of the Federal Reserve Board’s principal New Keynesian macroeconomic model, we evaluate representative rule-based policy strategies, paying particular attention to how those strategies interact with initial conditions in the U.S. as they are seen today and with the current outlook. To do this, we construct a current relevant baseline forecast, one that is loosely constructed based on a recent FOMC forecast, and conduct our experiments around that baseline. We find the initial conditions and forecast that policymakers face affects decisions in a material way. The standard advice from the literature, that in the presence of mismeasurement of resource slack policymakers should substantially reduce the weight attached to those measures in setting the policy rate, and substitute toward a more forceful response to inflation, is overstated. We find that a notable response to the unemployment gap is typically beneficial, even if that gap is mismeasured. Even when the dynamics of inflation are governed by a 1970s-style Phillips curve, meaningful response to resource utilization is likely to turn out to be worthwhile, particularly in environments where resource utilization is thought to be tight to begin with and inflation is close to its target level.
The Heterogeneous Effects of Government Spending: It’s All About Taxes
Authors: Ferriere Axelle , Navarro Gaston
Published: August 2018

This paper investigates how government spending multipliers depend on the distribution of taxes across households. We exploit historical variations in the financing of spending in the U.S. since 1913 to show that multipliers are positive only when financed with more progressive taxes, and zero otherwise. We rationalize this finding within a heterogeneous-household model with indivisible labor supply. The model results in a lower labor responsiveness to tax changes for higher-income earners. In turn, spending financed with more progressive taxes induces a smaller crowding-out, and thus larger multipliers. Finally, we provide evidence in support of the model’s cross-sectional implications.
Type 3 VWD and an inhibitor to VWF: Challenges in diagnosis
Authors: Jenkins S. , Carcao Manuel , Bouskill Vanessa
Published: August 2018

Developing an inhibitor to von Willebrand factor (VWF) is extremely uncommon. Consequently, patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) tend not to be routinely evaluated for inhibitors, leading to the possibility of delay in inhibitor diagnosis. We present such an occurrence to raise awareness, with a view to avoiding such delays. A 1-year-old male with no family history of bleeding disorders or parental consanguinity presented with a tongue bleed lasting three days. Investigations confirmed a diagnosis of Type 3 VWD. Over the next few months, the patient received seven exposures to Humate-P (a plasma derived FVIII containing von Willebrand factor concentrate), but developed an anaphylactic reaction necessitating adrenalin and Benadryl (diphenhydramine). The reaction quickly abated and did not recur with further exposure to Humate-P. In 2013, due to recurrent epistaxis and tonsillar bleeding, the patient was commenced on prophylaxis receiving Humate-P 50 RCo U/kg twice weekly. Despite this regimen, he continued to experience recurrent epistaxis, leading to escalation of prophylaxis to 3/week. In November 2014, he showed persistent tonsillar bleeding, despite having received two doses of Humate-P (each 40 RCo U/kg) in the previous 12 hours. Testing revealed reduced VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo and FVIII:C recoveries. Further testing revealed an anti-VWF antibody (2.6 BU) of unspecified Ig type. Since diagnosis of the inhibitor, he has received 100 RCo U/kg daily for prophylaxis and immune tolerance. He is now bleed-free; however, monthly inhibitor testing shows that his inhibitor persists. Given the limited experience and literature on inhibitors in VWD, the prognosis for such cases is unknown.
Haemophilia nursing practice: A global survey of roles and responsibilities
Authors: Khair Kate , Abu-Riash Mahmoud , Acerbi Ana Claudia , Beijlevelt Marlene , Floros Georgina , Li Kuixing , Rakić Ljiljana , Mbele Bongi , Shoemark Robyn , Munn Jim
Published: August 2018

Haemophilia nursing roles continue to develop alongside nursing as a profession. There are now nurses who practice autonomously, much like a medical practitioner, and many who have extended their roles to deliver direct patient care, education and research. There has been little, if any, comparison with haemophilia nurse roles internationally, nor of the impact of these roles on patient reported outcomes. This paper reports the results of an international survey, of 297 haemophilia nurses from 22 countries, describing current day practice and care. Many nurses work above and beyond their funded hours to improve care through research and evidence-based practice. While some are able to attend international meetings to report and discover this evidence, many due to financial constraints, are not. Others reported difficulty with communicating in English, which limited congress attendance. With on-line learning capability, sharing of best practice is now possible, and this approach should be a platform developed in coming years to further enhance haemophilia nursing practice and ultimately patient care.
Evaluation of a pre-filled diluent syringe (MixPro®) among patient/carer users and nurses
Authors: Pollard Debra , Khair Kate , Percier Cléa , Wong Yen , Shoemark Robyn
Published: August 2018

Management of haemophilia involves on-demand or prophylactic intravenous administration of recombinant or plasma-derived replacement clotting factors or bypassing agents. These products are provided as lyophilised powder and diluent, which need to be mixed to produce a solution for infusion. While this process has previously involved multiple time-consuming steps, several reconstitution systems are now available to make mixing easier and more convenient. This study aimed to investigate experience of use and perceptions of the Novo Nordisk MixPro® mixing device among patients and carers using activated recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa) or recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) with MixPro, and nurse specialists who were either familiar or unfamiliar with MixPro. Nurses were asked to simulate the preparation of an inactive solution using MixPro. Semi-structured interviews were used to gain insight into participants’ opinions of mixing systems in general and their perceptions of MixPro. Likert scales were used to rate the performance of MixPro against predefined characteristics of mixing systems, and the importance of the predefined characteristics to the design of a mixing system. Patients/carers and unfamiliar nurses identified low contamination risk when mixing as the most important characteristic of a mixing system; the most important criterion for familiar nurses was confidence that patients/carers could prepare the system correctly. MixPro was perceived to perform very well overall, particularly in parameters identified as most important. It was described as being user-friendly, simple and quick; its compactness and portability were highlighted as advantages for storage and travel. The main disadvantages reported related to its small components. The majority of nurses said that they were highly likely to recommend MixPro to their patients.
Evaluation of a shortened course of tranexamic acid for patients with inherited bleeding disorders following dental procedures
Authors: Greig Allison
Published: August 2018

People with Inherited Bleeding Disorders (IBD) are often prescribed a course of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) mouthwash for five to seven days following dental procedures to reduce the risk of bleeding. Informal discussions with patients suggested that many do not complete the prescribed course of treatment. A literature review indicated that TXA was prescribed inappropriately for procedures with a low bleeding risk, and that there are inconsistencies in the recommended dose, mode of administration and duration of TXA for this patient group. A new protocol was implemented in the haemophilia centre at St George’s University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, to rationalise the prescribing of TXA in dental procedures. A study was conducted to explore patients’ experience of this new guideline in the form of a service evaluation. Structured telephone interviews were completed following 39 dental procedures to collect data on concerns about bleeding; whether TXA was taken as prescribed and reasons for non-adherence; and any unplanned post-operative treatment. The financial impact of the new guideline was also explored. Patients were supportive of the new regimen, although almost half (46%) did not complete the prescribed course of TXA. The majority (37/39) were prescribed tablets rather than mouthwash. No patients required additional unplanned haemostasis support to control haemorrhage. Cost savings were made by replacing a five- to seven-day course of TXA mouthwash with a three-day course of TXA tablets. Although the data collected from patient interviews supports the new guideline, patients appear to be making decisions about taking TXA based on their own experience rather than following the prescribed regimen. Prescribers should support patients to make informed decisions about their medicines and incorporate patient experience into individualised regimens. Given the lack of bleeding complications experienced in this cohort of patients, it is possible that TXA is being overprescribed. Further work exploring how patients with IBDs make decisions about taking medicines is needed.
Subcutaneous injection: learning from experience in other specialties
Authors: Pollard Debra , Chaplin Steve
Published: August 2018

Haemophilia treatment is characterised by intravenous infusions of clotting factor concentrates, with nurses frequently taking the lead role in administration, patient training and patient care. In recent years, a number of novel factor and non-factor-based therapies delivered by subcutaneous injection have been developed. These therapies are now undergoing clinical trials and will shortly be available in clinical practice. The coming era of at least some haemophilia treatments being delivered by subcutaneous injection clearly represents a significant change not only for patients (for whom they may be more convenient) but also for haemophilia nurse practice, particularly with respect to bleed and surgical management plans, and hence for nurse training and education. This review describes evidence-based guidance on subcutaneous injection technique and summarises the implications for nurses.
His10-MBP-Cas9 purification v2
Authors: Lapinaite Audrey , Sternberg Sam , Staahl Brett
Published: August 2018

This is a protocol from theDoudna Labfor His10-MBP-Cas9 purification.
Agarose pad protocol for yeast v1
Authors: Cerise Alex , Gomez Escoda Blanca
Published: August 2018

Agarose pad mounting protocol for yeast For full efficiency of the CherryTemp temperature controller, samples must be placed close to the CherryTemp thermalisation chip (<500µm). Therefore, preparing a thin agar pad is a critical step. The following protocol shows how to prepare thin agar pads and how to couple them to the CherryTemp technology.
A 3D Broadband Seismometer Array Experiment at the Homestake Mine
Authors: Mandic Vuk , Tsai Victor C. , Pavlis Gary L. , Prestegard Tanner , Bowden Daniel C. , Meyers Patrick , Caton Ross
Published: August 2018

Seismometer deployments are often confined to near the Earth’s surface for practical reasons, despite the clear advantages of deeper seismometer installations related to lower noise levels and more homogeneous conditions. Here, we describe a 3D broadband seismometer array deployed at the inactive Homestake Mine in South Dakota, which takes advantage of infrastructure originally setup for mining and is now used for a range of scientific experiments. The array consists of 24 stations, of which 15 were underground, with depths ranging from 300 ft (91 m) to 4850 ft (1478 m), and with a 3D aperture of ∼1.5  km in each direction, thus spanning a 3D volume of about 3.4  km3. We describe unique research opportunities and challenges related to the 3D geometry, including the generally low ambient noise levels, the strong coherency between observed event waveforms across the array, and the technical challenges of running the network. This article summarizes preliminary results obtained using data acquired by the Homestake array, illustrating the range of possible studies supported by the data.
Latest Developments in Corneal Surgery
Authors: Spadea Leopoldo ,   Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Published: August 2018

Keratoconus is a disease characterised by progressive thinning, bulging and distortion of the cornea. Corneal transplantation (keratoplasty), is the standard of care for severe disease, but is associated with risks such as rejection of the transplanted cornea. Collagen cross-linking (CXL) is a relatively new conservative approach to strengthen corneal tissue by reforming new covalent bonds. In an expert interview, Leopoldo Spadea of the University of Rome, Italy, discusses recent advances in keratoplasty and CXL.
Updates in Retinal Diseases 2018
Authors: Parodi Maurizio Battaglia ,   Department of Ophthalmology Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute Milan, Italy
Published: August 2018

Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a major cause of vision loss. For more than 10 years, intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs have been used in the treatment of CNV. While effective, this treatment strategy is limited by the injection burden. Most patients require multiple injections and response levels can vary. Early diagnosis and treatment of CNV can increase the success rate of treatment. There is, therefore, considerable interest in identifying biomarkers both to identify patients most likely to respond to treatment and to facilitate early detection of the condition. In an expert interview, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi of the University Vita-Salute Milan, Italy, discusses the latest advances in CNV.
Practice Pearls for ReLEx SMILE in 2018
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z ,   London Vision Clinic, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, US; Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie, Paris, France; Biomedical Science Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
Published: August 2018

Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) provides another option in the treatment of refractive error. An improvement in docking and centration, globe stabilisation and cap interface recovery technique can provide both the surgeon and patient with a chance of a smoother process, better outcome and fewer complications.
Evolving Therapies for Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy
Authors: Mehta Jodhbir Singh ,   Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore,   Singapore National Eye Center (SNEC), Singapore,   Eye-ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Soh Yu Qiang ,   Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore,   Singapore National Eye Center (SNEC), Singapore,   Eye-ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Kocaba Viridiana ,   Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore,   Department of Ophthalmology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France,   Université de Lyon, Lyon, France,   Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
Published: August 2018

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FED) is one of the leading indications for corneal transplantation. Over the last two decades we have seen a significant shift in transplantation procedures for endothelial disease away from penetrating keratoplasty to small incision procedures such as Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. More recently, even newer concepts have come to light to explore options of regenerative therapy for FED, e.g. Descemet stripping without endothelial keratoplasty, Descemet membrane transplantation and the use of adjuncts such as Rho kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, alternative strategies involving tissue engineering approaches with the use of cell therapy are also reaching early clinical trial stage. With more information on the underlying genetic abnormalities in FED, gene therapy may be a possible future treatment.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Evaluation of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies – a Literature Review
Authors: Romano Francesco ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Vita-Salute University, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy, Arrigo Alessandro ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Vita-Salute University, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy, Parodi Maurizio Battaglia ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Vita-Salute University, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
Published: August 2018

The primary outcome of this article was to review the main vascular alterations occurring in inherited retinal dystrophies described in literature. Secondary outcomes included the discussion of the potential clinical and pathophysiological implications of such vascular impairment.
Espacios y cultura material para la infancia en América Latina (siglos XIX y XX)* Introducción
Authors: Alcubierre Moya Beatriz , Sosenski Susana
Published: August 2018

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Espacios de reforma para la infancia. Imaginando la Colonia de Menores de Marcos Paz (Buenos Aires, comienzos del siglo XX)
Authors: Zapiola María Carolina
Published: August 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es explorar las reflexiones de los funcionarios y profesionales argentinos preocupados por la cuestión de la “minoridad” acerca de la trascendencia de la dimensión espacial en los procesos de reeducación de los menores durante la primera década del siglo xx. Con ese fin, analizamos el proyecto de creación de la Colonia de Menores Varones de Marcos Paz, deteniéndonos en cómo fue imaginada en términos espaciales y arquitectónicos. Ello nos permite concluir que los proyectos argentinos de creación de instituciones para menores, inspirados en las propuestas europeas decimonónicas, estuvieron atravesados por una reflexión sistemática acerca de la trascendencia del espacio natural y del espacio arquitectónico en la regeneración del desvío infantil y juvenil. Se trata de la primera aproximación historiográfica que explora el penitenciarismo dirigido a niños y jóvenes, y una de las pocas centrada en el rol de los espacios en el diseño de las escuelas de reforma.
En el templo de la virtud. Moral y religión en los colegios internados salesianos. Córdoba (Argentina), 1905-1930
Authors: Moretti Nicolás Domingo
Published: August 2018

Además de llevar a cabo una amplia labor educativa basada, principalmente, en la instrucción profesional de niños y jóvenes de sectores populares, en el interior de los colegios de la Congregación Salesiana ocupó un papel protagónico la formación moral destinada a civilizar las manifestaciones del cuerpo de los escolares, acentuando de manera especial la conservación de la virtud, el pudor y la castidad. En un clima historiográfico que promueve el interés en rescatar las experiencias, las representaciones y las distintas modalidades de agencia infantil, el presente trabajo indaga sobre la actitud asumida por los niños y jóvenes alumnos de los colegios salesianos frente a dicho disciplinamiento moral, a principios del siglo xx. Una lectura atenta de testimonios que confrontan el discurso institucional permite observar el repertorio de acciones frecuentado por los asistidos aun en una institución rígidamente reglamentada como el internado.
En la escuela, en la librería o en el quiosco: los escritos para niños de Constancio C. Vigil (1927-1954)
Authors: Bontempo María Paula
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo analiza el éxito de los cuentos para niños del uruguayo Constancio Cecilio Vigil. La gran popularidad que el escritor y editor –radicado en Argentina desde comienzos del siglo xx– alcanzó en los años cuarenta y cincuenta se debió a la conjunción de múltiples influjos: el reconocimiento de Constancio Vigil como un autor de libros con contenidos humanísticos y morales; la construcción de los niños como lectores y consumidores; la política de Editorial Atlántida de editar y reeditar los libros en formatos económicos y lujosos, grandes y pequeños; el pacto de lectura con los padres, a los que se les aseguraba “sana diversión” para sus hijos, al mismo tiempo que con los chicos, a los que no sólo les entregaba moralejas sino también textos escritos en lenguaje sencillo y ameno, ilustraciones de trazos claros y coloridos y algo de aventuras e imaginación.
Linguagem e afasia: uma abordagem discursiva da neurolingüística
Authors: Coudry Maria Irma Hadler
Published: August 2018

Para responder ao convite da Profa. Eni Orlandi - e fazer parte do número temático dos Cadernos destinado à história das idéias lingüísticas, em domínios de estudo da linguagem que compõem uma área de investigação - apresento alguns caminhos tomados por uma Neurolingüística que têm sua origem traçada por condições históricas, início dos anos oitenta, em nosso Departamento, tempo caracterizado por debates fundantes, nele, de idéias e ideais da Lingüística, em várias de suas dimensões, que abriam novas possibilidades de interfaces - envolvendo uso, funcionamento e conhecimento da linguagem e de sistemas de línguas naturais.
Molecular Mechanisms of H. pylori Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks
Authors: Kidane Dawit
Published: August 2018

Infections contribute to carcinogenesis through inflammation-related mechanisms. It is well established that H. pylori infection is an etiological factor in gastric carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism through which H. pylori infection contributes to the development of gastric cancer has not been fully elucidated. H. pylori-associated chronic inflammation is linked to genomic instability via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In this article, we summarize the current knowledge of H. pylori-induced double strand breaks (DSBs). Further, we will provide mechanistic insight into how processing of oxidative DNA damage via base excision repair (BER) leads to double strand breaks (DSBs). We review the recent progress how H. pylori infection triggers NF-kB /iNOS versus NF-kB/nucleotide excision repair (NER) axis mediated DSBs to drive genomic instability. Taken together, this review discusses current findings related to DSBs and their implications for the mechanisms of DSB repair.
Beta Kumaraswamy Burr Type X Distribution and Its Properties
Authors: Madaki Umar Yusuf , Bakar Mohd Rizam Abu , Handique Laba
Published: August 2018

We proposed a so-called Beta Kumaraswamy Burr Type X distribution which gives the extension of the Kumaraswamy-G class of family distribution. Some properties of this proposed model were provided, like: the expansion of densities and quantile function. We considered the Bayes and maximum likelihood methods to estimate the parameters and also simulate the model parameters to validate the methods based on different set of true values. Some real data sets were employed to show the usefulness and flexibility of the model which serves as generalization to many sub-models in the field of engineering, medical, survival and reliability analysis.
Fungal resistance to echinocandins and the MDR phenomenon in Candida glabrata
Authors: Healey Kelley , Perlin David S
Published: August 2018

Candida glabrata has thoroughly adapted to successfully colonize human mucosal membranes and survive in vivo pressures prior to and during antifungal treatment. Out of all the medically relevant Candida species, C. glabrata has emerged as a leading cause of azole, echinocandin, and multidrug (MDR: azole + echinocandin) adaptive resistance. Neither mechanism of resistance is intrinsic to C. glabrata, since stable genetic resistance depends on mutation of drug target genes, FKS1 and FKS2 (echinocandin resistance), and a transcription factor, PDR1, which controls expression of major drug transporters, such as CDR1 (azole resistance). However, another hallmark of C. glabrata is the ability to withstand drug pressure both in vitro and in vivo prior to stable ‘genetic escape’. Additionally, these resistance events can arise within individual patients, which underscores the importance of understanding how this fungus is adapting to its environment and to drug exposure in vivo. Here, we explore the evolution of echinocandin resistance as a multistep model that includes general cell stress, drug adaptation (tolerance), and genetic escape. The extensive genetic diversity reported in C. glabrata will be highlighted.
The Dual Continuity Equations
Authors: Arbab Arbab , Alsaawi Norah N.
Published: August 2018

The ordinary continuity equation relating the current and density of a system is extended to incorporate systems with dual (longitudinal and transverse) currents. Such a system of equations is found to have the same mathematical structure as that of Maxwell equations. The horizontal and transverse currents and the densities associated with them are found to be coupled to each other. Each of these quantities are found to obey a wave equation traveling at the velocity of light in vacuum. London's equations of super-conductivity are shown to emerge from some sort of continuity equations. The new London's equations are symmetric and are shown to be dual to each other. It is shown that London's equations are Maxwell's equations with massive electromagnetic field (photon). These equations preserve the gauge invariance that is broken in other massive electrodynamics. The duality invariance may allow magnetic monopoles to be present inside superconductors. The new duality is called the comprehensive duality transformation.
Long-term declines in the Pinyon Jay and management implications for piñon–juniper woodlands
Authors: Boone John D. , Ammon Elisabeth , Johnson Kristine
Published: August 2018

The Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) is closely associated with piñon–juniper woodlands in the Intermountain West and Southwest regions of the United States. It is of conservation concern, given it is one of the landbirds declining the fastest and most persistently in these regions, at an average rate of –3.6% from 1968 to 2015, according to the Breeding Bird Survey. Despite the population’s falling by >50% over this period, the Pinyon Jay has not been widely studied, and little is known about the factors responsible for its diminishing numbers. Although the Pinyon Jay’s rate of decline exceeds that of the Greater SageGrouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)—a species targeted for significant conservation efforts—no comprehensive effort designed to benefit this jay has been implemented. Current management in Great Basin piñon–juniper woodlands includes removal of trees to create or protect shrublands for the benefit of sage-grouse and other sagebrush-associated wildlife, and southwestern piñon–juniper woodlands are being thinned for fuels reduction or management of other wildlife. The effect of these treatments on the Pinyon Jay and other piñon–juniper birds, however, has been little studied. Thus further research is needed to clarify the causes of the jay’s decline, develop habitat models for this and other piñon–juniper species, and devise approaches for management of piñon–juniper woodland that balance the interests of the Pinyon Jay and other species of concern, including the Greater Sage-Grouse.
Avian population trends based on 27 years of data from California oak woodlands
Authors: Purcell Kathryn L. , Mori Sylvia R.
Published: August 2018

With 27 years of data (1986–2012), we examined long-term patterns of variation in abundance and population trends for 35 species of oak woodland birds. Following a standardized protocol, from three to eight observers counted birds annually at 210 count stations at the San Joaquin Experimental Range, Madera County, California. We used both linear regression and nonparametric regression (spline-smoothing the year effect) to evaluate population trends. The abundance of most species varied greatly over the study period, emphasizing the importance of long-term monitoring. Overall, 12 species increased: the California Quail (Callipepla californica), Anna’s Hummingbird (Calypte anna), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), Nuttall’s Woodpecker (Picoides nuttallii), American Kestrel (Falco sparverius), Common Raven (Corvus corax), Violet-green Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina), White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), Bewick’s Wren (Thryomanes bewickii), European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus). Five species decreased: the California Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma californica), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana), Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), and Bullock’s Oriole (Icterus bullockii). Of these, the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Western Meadowlark, and Bullock’s Oriole present cause for concern. We recommend further research to elucidate the causes for the declines of these three species. We also recommend continued monitoring of the California Scrub-Jay and Western Bluebird to verify recovery to previous levels of abundance. Our results emphasize the need for long-term monitoring of avian populations, which will provide insights into population dynamics and may reveal negative trends that may require conservation action.
Changes in abundance, productivity, and distribution of western American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos), 1981–2014
Authors: Moulton Colleen E. , Roberts Shane B. , Horne Jon S. , Wackenhut Martha
Published: August 2018

The western population of the American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) is of conservation concern because its breeding colonies are few and relatively small, making it susceptible to population declines or local extirpation. Biologists have counted nests and fledglings at western colonies, with varying levels of regularity, since the 1950s. We compiled available count data to assess trends in the abundance and productivity of breeding pelicans and investigate latitudinal changes in its breeding distribution. Population-wide, the rate of change in breeding pelicans’ abundance was negatively related to the previous year’s abundance and positively related to time, suggesting density dependence and a temporally increasing carrying capacity. The proportion of pelicans that bred at new or reestablished colonies, versus consistently occupied historic colonies, increased over time. Production (fledglings per nest) was not related to the abundance of nests, either by colony or population-wide, and declined over time across all colonies. Since the 1970s most new colonies have been established in the northern part of the range; the median latitude of active colonies from 2010 to 2014 lies approximately 114 km north of that of colonies active prior to 1970. In addition, six colonies established since 1990 are 359 km north of the median of all currently active colonies. Our results suggest that the pelican’s population dynamics in the western United States are influenced by long-term trends in abundance and production as well as short-term, densitydependent processes that influence annual rates of change in the abundance of breeding birds. Future research should seek to clarify the mechanism for this apparent density dependence and for the potential temporal increase in carrying capacity. Our results also suggest that efforts to monitor the American White Pelican should be modified to accommodate the apparent density-dependent dynamics of the population. We recommend that colonies be censused simultaneously and in consecutive years so that productivity and the rate of change in the abundance of breeding pelicans can be estimated.