bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-optimized protein NMR assignment with an integrative deep learning approach using AlphaFold and chemical shift prediction
Authors: Klukowski Piotr , Riek Roland , Güntert Peter
Published: November 2023

Chemical shift assignment is vital for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)–based studies of protein structures, dynamics, and interactions, providing crucial atomic-level insight. However, obtaining chemical shift assignments is labor intensive and requires extensive measurement time. To address this limitation, we previously proposed ARTINA, a deep learning method for automatic assignment of two-dimensional (2D)–4D NMR spectra. Here, we present an integrative approach that combines ARTINA with AlphaFold and UCBShift, enabling chemical shift assignment with reduced experimental data, increased accuracy, and enhanced robustness for larger systems, as presented in a comprehensive study with more than 5000 automated assignment calculations on 89 proteins. We demonstrate that five 3D spectra yield more accurate assignments (92.59%) than pure ARTINA runs using all experimentally available NMR data (on average 10 3D spectra per protein, 91.37%), considerably reducing the required measurement time. We also showcase automated assignments of only
15
N-labeled samples, and report improved assignment accuracy in larger synthetic systems of up to 500 residues.
The dahliagram: An interdisciplinary tool for investigation, visualization, and communication of past human-environmental interaction
Authors: Frachetti Michael , Di Cosmo Nicola , Esper Jan , Khalidi Lamya , Mauelshagen Franz , Oppenheimer Clive , Rohland Eleonora , Büntgen Ulf
Published: November 2023

Investigation into the nexus of human-environmental behavior has seen increasing collaboration of archaeologists, historians, and paleo-scientists. However, many studies still lack interdisciplinarity and overlook incompatibilities in spatiotemporal scaling of environmental and societal data and their uncertainties. Here, we argue for a strengthened commitment to collaborative work and introduce the “dahliagram” as a tool to analyze and visualize quantitative and qualitative knowledge from diverse disciplinary sources and epistemological backgrounds. On the basis of regional cases of past human mobility in eastern Africa, Inner Eurasia, and the North Atlantic, we develop three dahliagrams that illustrate pull and push factors underlying key phases of population movement across different geographical scales and over contrasting periods of time since the end of the last Ice Age. Agnostic to analytical units, dahliagrams offer an effective tool for interdisciplinary investigation, visualization, and communication of complex human-environmental interactions at a diversity of spatiotemporal scales.
Longitudinally variable 3D optical polarization structures
Authors: Li Yan , Ansari Muhammad Afnan , Ahmed Hammad , Wang Ruoxing , Wang Guanchao , Chen Xianzhong
Published: November 2023

Generation and manipulation of three-dimensional (3D) optical polarization structures have received considerable interest because of their distinctive optical features and potential applications. However, the realization of multiple 3D polarization structures in a queue along the light propagation direction has not yet been reported. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a metalens to create longitudinally variable 3D polarization knots. A single metalens can simultaneously generate three distinct 3D polarization knots, which are indirectly validated with a rotating polarizer. The 3D polarization profiles are dynamically modulated by manipulating the linear polarization direction of the incident light. We further showcase the 3D image steganography with the generated 3D polarization structures. The ultrathin nature of metasurfaces and unique properties of the developed metalenses hold promise for lightweight polarization systems applicable to areas such as 3D image steganography and virtual reality.
Similar but different: Characterization of
dddD
gene–mediated DMSP metabolism among coral-associated
Endozoicomonas
Authors: Chiou Yu-Jing , Chan Ya-Fan , Yu Sheng-Ping , Lu Chih-Ying , Hsiao Silver Sung-Yun , Chiang Pei-Wen , Hsu Ting-Chang , Liu Po-Yu , Wada Naohisa , Lee Yu , Jane Wann-Neng , Lee Der-Chuen , Huang Yu-Wen , Tang Sen-Lin
Published: November 2023

Endozoicomonas
are often predominant bacteria and prominently important in coral health. Their role in dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) degradation has been a subject of discussion for over a decade. A previous study found that
Endozoicomonas
degraded DMSP through the
dddD
pathway. This process releases dimethyl sulfide, which is vital for corals coping with thermal stress. However, little is known about the related gene regulation and metabolic abilities of DMSP metabolism in
Endozoicomonadaceae
. In this study, we isolated a novel
Endozoicomonas
DMSP degrader and observed a distinct DMSP metabolic trend in two phylogenetically close
dddD
-harboring
Endozoicomonas
species, confirmed genetically by comparative transcriptomic profiling and visualization of the change of DMSP stable isotopes in bacterial cells using nanoscale secondary ion spectrometry. Furthermore, we found that DMSP cleavage enzymes are ubiquitous in coral
Endozoicomonas
with a preference for having DddD lyase. We speculate that harboring DMSP degrading genes enables
Endozoicomonas
to successfully colonize various coral species across the globe.
Backpropagation-free training of deep physical neural networks
Authors: Momeni Ali , Rahmani Babak , Malléjac Matthieu , del Hougne Philipp , Fleury Romain
Published: November 2023

Recent successes in deep learning for vision and natural language processing are attributed to larger models but come with energy consumption and scalability issues. Current training of digital deep-learning models primarily relies on backpropagation that is unsuitable for physical implementation. In this work, we propose a simple deep neural network architecture augmented by a physical local learning (PhyLL) algorithm, which enables supervised and unsupervised training of deep physical neural networks without detailed knowledge of the nonlinear physical layer’s properties. We trained diverse wave-based physical neural networks in vowel and image classification experiments, showcasing the universality of our approach. Our method shows advantages over other hardware-aware training schemes by improving training speed, enhancing robustness, and reducing power consumption by eliminating the need for system modeling and thus decreasing digital computation.
Autonomous boat navigation in the real world
Authors: Matsiko Amos
Published: November 2023

A passenger boat was capable of autonomous navigation on a narrow canal waterway and an open sea nearshore environment.
Seeking satiety: From signals to solutions
Authors: Tschöp Matthias H. , Friedman Jeffrey M.
Published: November 2023

Remedies for the treatment of obesity date to Hippocrates, when patients with obesity were directed to “reduce food and avoid drinking to fullness” and begin “running during the night.” Similar recommendations have been repeated ever since, despite the fact that they are largely ineffective. Recently, highly effective therapeutics were developed that may soon enable physicians to manage body weight in patients with obesity in a manner similar to the way that blood pressure is controlled in patients with hypertension. These medicines have grown out of a revolution in our understanding of the molecular and neural control of appetite and body weight, reviewed here.
Complete genomes of
Pasteurella multocida
isolates from porcine, bovine, and cervine samples found in New Zealand farms
Authors: Jauregui Ruy , Barcelo Andrea , Bennett Peter , Foxwell Jonathan , Buckle Kelly , O'Connell John , Busby Bede , McCulley Michelle
Published: November 2023

Here, we present complete genome assemblies of
Pasteurella multocida
strains isolated from porcine, bovine, and cervine farms as part of bacteriology incursion investigations to identify pathogens that might present a sanitary risk to New Zealand.
Biogeomorphic Responses to Wildfire in Fluvial Ecosystems
Authors: Florsheim Joan L. , O’Dowd Alison P. , Chin Anne
Published: November 2023

Wildfire biogeomorphology is an integrative science fundamental in understanding the dynamic processes of adjustment that occur after wildfires. This volume draws together interdisciplinary studies that highlight key insights important to support heterogeneity, biodiversity, and resilience in fluvial ecosystems. Post-wildfire sediment pulses that change the physical elements of fluvial habitat may be transitory or long-lasting, for example, depending on variations in post-wildfire climate conditions. How biological processes and feedback alter post-wildfire geomorphic responses is also important to enhance ecosystem resilience. The syntheses point to greater emphasis on integrated approaches to advance strategies for ecosystem management toward conservation, restoration, and sustainable practices, in particular, to accommodate multiple possible postfire disturbance and recovery trajectories.
DisseminatedCryptococcus neoformanspresenting with an isolated pleural effusion in a patient receiving temozolomide and long-term steroids
Authors: Fraser Brooke , Munawar Maha , Halani Sheliza , Sabur Natasha
Published: November 2023

Cryptococcus neoformansis a ubiquitous environmental organism found worldwide. Infection with this organism occurs predominantly in immunocompromised hosts, including persons living with HIV or those with impaired cellular immunity. Cryptococcal pleural effusions have been described in cases with extensive pulmonary involvement. Here we present the case of a woman receiving temozolomide and steroids for glioblastoma multiforme, who developed cough and dyspnoea and was found to have an uncomplicated pleural effusion. Pleural fluid culture grewCryptococcus neoformanswith negative culture on bronchoalveolar lavage. High serum cryptococcal antigen titre of 1:64 prompted lumbar puncture which demonstrated positive cerebrospinal fluid forCryptococcus neoformans. She was treated with liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by consolidation and maintenance therapy with fluconazole. Pleural involvement in the absence of pulmonary involvement has rarely been reported. We review pulmonary and radiographic manifestations of cryptococcal infection, when to assess for disseminated infection, and management principles.
Interaction of common variants of FTO gene and Dietary Inflammatory Index on obesity measures: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Haji-Hosseini-Gazestani Negin , Hosseini-Esfahani Firoozeh , Ataie-Jafari Asal , Goodarzi Golnoosh , Daneshpour Maryam S , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: November 2023

Background

This study aimed to examine the interaction of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on change in obesity measures.

Methods

A total of 4480 participants from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study were selected. DII was calculated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. The FTO SNPs rs8050136, rs14211085 and rs1121980 were selected. Changes in obesity measures were calculated.

Results

In individuals with risk allele of FTO SNP rs8050136, greater adherence to DII was associated with increased odds of higher waist circumference (WC) (OR, Q1–Q4: 1, 0.87, 0.88, 0.94; P trend=0.01), but deceased odds of waist to hip ratio (WHR) (OR, Q1–Q4: 1, 0.85, 0.76, 0.70; P trend=0.01). Moreover, higher score of DII was significantly related to elevated odds of having high Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) in individuals with wild-type genotype of FTO SNPs. For changes in WC, a significant interaction was identified between FTO rs1421085 and DII; the second quartile of DII was associated with increased odds of having a high WC in carriers of wild variant (TT genotype) of rs1421085 (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.97), but not in individuals with risk allele of this SNP (TC CC). Although there are significant relationships between SNPs or genetic risk score and change in WHR or VAI, but there is no significant interaction between FTO SNPs and DII regarding change in body mass index, WHR and VAI.

Conclusions

There may be an interactive effect between DII and the FTO rs1421085 genotypes on change in WC.
Time-varying risks of infection in patients as they proceed through the phases of ‘pre-RA’: results from the Scottish Early RA inception cohort
Authors: Porter Duncan , Jain Sahil , Qian Evelyn , Morton Fraser R , McInnes Iain B
Published: November 2023

Objective

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develops after progressing through sequential ‘pre-RA’ phases. The mechanisms driving progression from one phase to the next remain poorly understood. This study examined the longitudinal rates of community and hospital infections in patients during sequential stages of pre-RA and early arthritis.

Methods

The Scottish Early RA inception cohort recruited patients with newly diagnosed RA. Incidences of infection were determined from community antibiotic prescriptions and serious infections were determined by hospital discharge coding. Dates of diagnosis and symptom onset allowed identification of asymptomatic/symptomatic pre-RA and early arthritis eras to analyse infection rates over time compared with age- and sex-matched controls.

Results

The incidence rate ratio (IRR) seen in the period 0–6 months prior to symptom onset was 1.28 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.42). In ‘symptomatic pre-RA’, the IRR was 1.33 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.49) which persisted into ‘early arthritis’. The rate of hospital admissions was numerically greater in ‘pre-RA’ and significantly greater in ‘early arthritis’ (IRR 1.82, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.46).

Conclusion

Antibiotic risk is increased in patients with ‘pre-RA’ at least 6 months before symptoms develop, and this persists throughout the symptomatic pre-RA phase. Infections may be important in the mechanisms that drive progression to RA or be a manifestation of immune dysfunction (or both). These observations could inform safety and efficacy considerations for interventions in pre-RA to prevent progression. Patients with ‘pre-RA’ with recurrent antibiotic use may also be an identifiable ‘high risk’ group that could enrich the study population for intervention studies in pre-RA.
Comparative cardiovascular safety with janus kinase inhibitors and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs as used in clinical practice: an observational cohort study from Sweden in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bower Hannah , Frisell Thomas , di Giuseppe Daniela , Delcoigne Benedicte , Askling Johan
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To compare the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi), tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), or other biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), in clinical practice, and to contextualise these findings by comparing to the Swedish RA population and general population at large.

Methods

Patients with RA initiating JAKi, TNFi and non-TNFi bDMARDs were identified in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register between 2016 and 2021. Through linkages to national registers, a cohort of patients with RA, general population comparators, as well as covariates and incident major acute CV event (MACE, including myocardial infarction, stroke and fatal CV events) were identified until 2022. Crude and age-sex standardised rates were calculated and HRs estimated from multivariable Cox regression models using TNFi as reference.

Results

We identified 13 492 patients with RA initiating a JAKi, non-TNFi bDMARD or TNFi treatment. Among 3037 JAKi-initiators, 59 MACE events were observed. The age-sex standardised rates for MACE were similar in the JAKi (0.88 per 100 person years) and TNFi (0.91) cohorts. Fully adjusted models showed no increased rate of MACE with JAKi (HR=0.71, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.99), or non-TNFi bDMARD (HR=0.98; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.23) in comparison to TNFi. We found no evidence that this HR changed over time since treatment initiation. In a CV-enriched subset, we observed higher rates but similar HRs.

Conclusions

As used in present clinical practice in Sweden, we found no evidence that CV risk is higher with JAKis than TNFis in RA.
Serine synthesis pathway enzyme PHGDH is critical for muscle cell biomass, anabolic metabolism, and mTORC1 signaling
Authors: Mäntyselkä Sakari , Kolari Kalle , Baumert Philipp , Ylä-Outinen Laura , Kuikka Lauri , Lahtonen Suvi , Permi Perttu , Wackerhage Henning , Kalenius Elina , Kivelä Riikka , Hulmi Juha J.
Published: November 2023

The use of glycolytic intermediates for anabolism was demonstrated in both myoblasts and myotubes, which incorporate glucose-derived carbon into proteins, RNA, and lipids. We identify phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) as a critical enzyme in those processes and also for muscle cell hypertrophy, proliferation, protein synthesis, and mTORC1 signaling. Our results thus suggest that PHGDH in skeletal muscle is more than just a serine-synthesizing enzyme.
Content of stress granules reveals a sex difference at the early phase of cold exposure in mice
Authors: Cheung Samson W. M. , Yiu Jensen H. C. , Chin Karie T. C. , Cai Jieling , Xu Aimin , Wong Chi Ming , Woo Connie W.
Published: November 2023

The proteome analysis reveals that stress granules are the predominant form of cytosolic messenger ribonucleoproteins of brown adipose tissue (BAT) at the early phase of cold exposure in mice for both sexes. The transcriptome of stress granules of BAT unveils a sex difference of molecular response in early phase of cold exposure in mice, and such difference prepares for a prompt response to cold stress in male mice while for long-term adaptation in female mice.
Aortic Pseudoaneurysm following Ventricular Septal Defect Closure in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zamani Hassan , Vahidshahi Kourosh , Khalilian Mohammad Reza , Tahouri Tahmineh , Rahimi-Movaghar Ehsanollah
Published: November 2023

Aortic pseudoaneurysm, a rare condition characterized by localized transmural disruption and dilatation of the aorta, is very rare in the pediatric population. It is primarily caused by previous cardiovascular procedures such as aortic coarctation repair, aortic valve replacement, and subaortic membrane resection. We present a unique case of aortic pseudoaneurysm following surgery to repair a perimembranous ventricular septal defect in a 19-month-old boy who presented with fever as the sole symptom. The fever started on the 30th day after the surgery, and the patient exhibited abnormal laboratory results, including a white blood cell (WBC) count of

28.3
×
109
/
L

, neutrophil percentage of 68%, platelet count of

880
×
109
/
L

, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 200 mm/hour, and 3+ positive C-reactive protein. Echocardiogram revealed a large cystic mass (

5
×
4.8
 
cm

) in the ascending aorta, compressing the superior vena cava. Based on this finding, a diagnosis of aortic pseudoaneurysm was suspected. The diagnosis was confirmed through cardiac computed tomographic angiography, and the patient underwent emergent surgery for the repair of the aortic pseudoaneurysm under deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Unfortunately, our patient died shortly after the surgery.
Unveiling Cellular Traits of Osteosarcoma Cancer Stem Cells via Bulk and Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Niu Shun , Yu Zhixiang , Zhang Hongtao , Liang Lizhuo , Xu Kui , Dong Chuan , Long Hua
Published: November 2023

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a prototypical sarcoma, predominantly affecting adolescents. The hallmark of cancer stem cell (CSC) behavior pervades OS, invariably signifying an unfavorable prognosis. However, the intricacies underlying OS metastasis remain incompletely comprehended. As the frontiers of the scientific investigation push forward, encompassing both bulk sequencing and single-cell sequencing (scRNA), the domain of bioinformatics finds multifaceted utility. In this study, we combined scRNA and bulk sequencing with the clinical metadata to excavate the latent molecular substrates governing metastatic propensities within OS. Our scRNA analysis indicated that cell-stemness-related pathways might play vital roles in OS metastasis. Subsequently, an autonomous reservoir of bulk sequencing data set was subjected to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify 10 gene clusters. After analyzing the clinical data, we were able to identify two hub genes, HDAC2 and HSPA4, which are strongly linked to the cancer cell stemness. Moreover, we performed transwell assays to validate the regulation of metastatic behaviors by miR-1-3p, HDAC2, and HSPA4 in OS cells. Significantly, our study was fortified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses performed on tumor tissues acquired from OS patients, thereby accentuating the clinical import of our experimental endeavor. Notably, we unveiled the suppressive influence of miR-1-3p on both HDAC2 and HSPA4, with miRTarBase substantiating lower expression in tumor tissue relative to the normative cohort. Insights gleaned from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) program (https://ocg.cancer.gov/programs/target) further augmented the clinical significance of the identified hub genes. In conclusion, our findings highlight the significant role of cell junctions in governing OS stemness and metastasis, underscored by the integration of single-cell sequencing and bulk-sequencing analyses. Moreover, our foundational experiments identified three hub molecules closely associated with the metastatic behaviors. Our findings provide novel insights into the clinical treatment and fundamental understanding of OS.
Synergistic Utilization of ε-Polylysine and p-Coumaric Acid as Natural Preservatives for Enhancing the Shelf Life of Fresh-Cut Green Bell Peppers
Authors: Yu Youwei , Qiao Jianfu , Zhang Shaoying , Li Haochen , Huang Shaoze , Qin Ying
Published: November 2023

The utilization of natural preservatives presents a promising avenue for mitigating the spoilage of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables induced by microorganisms, enzymatic browning, and water loss. We have developed an innovative method for preserving fresh-cut green peppers using the combined effects of ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and p-Coumaric acid (p-CA). Through concentration screening experiments, we determined that the optimal concentrations of ε-PL and p-CA were 25 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively (ε-p-CA). Treatment with ε-p-CA significantly improved the quality of fresh-cut green peppers. It effectively reduced hardness and weight loss, preserving the texture and appearance of the peppers. Furthermore, ε-p-CA treatment delayed the increase in respiratory rate, electrolyte leakage, and ethylene production, thereby maintaining the structural integrity. Meanwhile, ε-p-CA treatment effectively inhibited the malondialdehyde (MDA) content increase and maintained DPPH radical scavenging activity. The microbial analysis demonstrated the ε-p-CA-treated peppers also showed lower total bacterial, mold, and yeast counts, which prolonged the freshness of fresh-cut peppers. In addition, ε-p-CA treatment improved the retention of phenolics and vitamin C without significantly affecting the color and soluble sugar content of green peppers. Overall, the ε-p-CA treatment showed promise as a natural preservative for extending the shelf life of fresh-cut green peppers.
Backstepping Controller Design for Power Quality Improvement in a Two-Stage Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems with LCL Filter
Authors: Bendé Isaac Fredy , Tchoffo Houdji Etienne , Tchaya Guy Bertrand , Nsouandélé Jean Luc Dit Bouerdjila , Kamta Martin , Haman-Djalo
Published: November 2023

In a grid-connected photovoltaic system, the quality of energy injected by the photovoltaic system into the grid is directly linked to the topology of the inverter used and to the efficiency of its control technique. This paper addresses this problem for a two-level grid-connected photovoltaic inverter operating under low irradiance conditions. The aim is to reduce the harmonic distortion on the electrical network and therefore improve its power quality. To achieve this goal, a control strategy was set up considering the nonlinearity of the dynamic system, and the high dimension of the system model. Thus, a nonlinear controller designed using the backstepping technique is proposed. The effectiveness of this control strategy was evaluated by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink. Results show that the proposed control technique significantly improves the power quality of the grid-connected photovoltaic system by minimizing the current harmonic distortion rates in low irradiance conditions. The current harmonic distortion rates obtained for solar irradiance of 1000 W/m2, 750 W/m2, 500 W/m2, and 250 W/m2 are 0.48%, 0.78%, 1.22%, and 2.16%, respectively. The power factor is 0.988, and the DC bus voltage is maintained at its reference voltage of 600 V with a very low response time during the transient phases. A comparison of our simulation results with those found in the literature on other control techniques such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and synergetic controls shows the efficiency, superiority, and satisfactory performance of the proposed control scheme to minimize harmonic distortion under low irradiance conditions. The robustness and better dynamic performance of the proposed backstepping controller under varying irradiance conditions have also been shown.
Nursing Innovation, from Process to Product: A Scoping Review
Authors: Stout Liam , Stephens Melanie , Hashmi Farina
Published: November 2023

Aim. To review the current literature on the developing role of nursing innovation, specifically, those nurses who have progressed their innovative practice into product development. Design. A scoping review was conducted utilising the Population, Concept, Context framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Data Sources. An initial search was performed in February 2023 with a repeat search and revision to the review completed in September 2023. Electronic searches of the British Nursing Index, Current Index of Nursing Allied Health Literature, Emerald Insight, National Health Service Knowledge and Library Hub, and Google Scholar™ were undertaken using the terms Nursing AND (new product development) AND (device innovation). Two authors (LS and MS) also undertook hand searching of relevant reference lists. Review Methods. Two authors were involved in the screening process of available and relevant literature (LS and MS) with the third author (FH) available for decision-making in the event of any generated disagreements. Results. We undertook a review of seventeen papers from 274 results. The impetus of nursing innovation, defining the nurse inventor, facilitators to the nurse inventor concept, and barriers to the nurse inventor concept were all identified as themes to be explored. Conclusion. The nurse inventor concept requires further challenge and clarity. Nurses should aim for a consensus of definition, typology, scope of practice, and job planning. Healthcare institutions should acknowledge and explore this novel role in detail, with consideration afforded to how the role is to be specified and integrated into today’s nursing practice roles. Reporting Method. Adherence to EQUATOR guidance was achieved through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.
XEN45 Gel Stent Combined with Healaflow Injectable Viscoelastic Implant
Authors: Villarreal Eloy , Berkowitz Eran , Tiosano Beatrice
Published: November 2023

Purpose. To introduce a potential solution for failed glaucoma surgeries by proposing an optional surgical procedure in conjunction with the use of Healaflow (Anteis S.A., Geneva, Switzerland) as a spacer, which may potentially reduce the failure rate. Case Presentation. We present the outcomes of a surgical procedure involving the inferonasal implantation of an ab interno XEN gel stent (Allergan, Dublin, Ireland) in a 74-year-old male patient who was experiencing uncontrolled advanced glaucoma in his left eye. It is important to note that the patient had previously undergone several glaucoma surgeries and procedures in the same eye. During this particular procedure, we utilized Healaflow as a spacer by implanting the stent within a subconjunctival Healaflow “bubble.” At 6 months postoperatively, intraocular pressure remained on target. There was no need for additional topical medications, and no change in visual acuity was observed. Conclusion. For patients with a history of unsuccessful glaucoma surgeries and who are unsuitable candidates for tube shunt procedures or transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation, an alternative option involves implanting the XEN45 stent in the inferior nasal region in conjunction with the use of subconjunctival Healaflow. This combined approach may provide a potential solution for managing glaucoma in these patients.
Three-Axes Mems Calibration Using Kalman Filter and Delaunay Triangulation Algorithm
Authors: Ahmed Anwer Sabah , Al-Gayem Qais
Published: November 2023

MEMS-IMUs are widely used in research, industry, and commerce. A proper calibration technique must reduce their innate errors. In this study, a turntable-based IMU calibration approach was presented. Parameters such as the bias, lever arm, and scale factor, in addition to misalignment, are included in the general nonlinear model of the IMU output. Accelerometer error parameters were estimated using the transformed unscented Kalman filter (TUKF) with triangulation algorithm is suggested for calibrating inertial measurement unit (MPU6050) three-axes accelerometer. In contrast to the present methods, the suggested method uses the gravitational signal as a constant reference and necessitates no external equipment. The technique requires that the sensor be positioned in a rough orientation and that basic rotations be adopted. This technology also offers a quicker and easier calibration. Comparing the experimental findings with other works, Allan deviation shows significant improvements for the bias instability, where a bias instability of (0.116 μg) is achieved at temperatures between (−15°C) and (80°C).
Colonic Endoscopic Tubing Is Safe and Effective Approach for Washed Microbiota Transplantation in Autistic Children
Authors: Yuan Qing-Fen , Wu Hui-Yi , Chen Xian-Yun , Zheng Ya-Mei , Fu Song-Lin , Wang Xing-He , Zhu Jian-Wei , Guo Jian-Dong , He Xing-Xiang , Wu Li-Hao
Published: November 2023

Background. Washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) as the improved methods of fecal microbiota transplantation has been employed as a therapeutic approach for ameliorating symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this context, colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) has been utilized as a novel procedure for administering WMT. Methods. Data of children with ASD who received WMT by TET were retrospectively reviewed, including bowel preparation methods, TET operation time, success rate, tube retention time, the comfort of children, adverse events, and parent satisfaction. Results. A total of 38 participants underwent 124 colonic TET catheterization procedures. The average time of TET operation was 15 minutes, and the success rate was 100% (124/124). There was no significant difference in TET operation time between high-seniority physicians and low-seniority physicians. In 123 procedures (99%), the TET tube allowed the completion of WMT treatment for 6 consecutive days. In 118 procedures (95.2%), the tube was detached spontaneously after the end of the treatment course, and the average TET tube retention time was 8 days. There was no incidence of tube blockage during the treatment course. No severe adverse events occurred during follow-up. Parents of all participants reported a high level of satisfaction with TET. Conclusion. Colonic TET is a safe and feasible method for WMT in children with ASD.
Simulated Patients to Demonstrate Common Stroke Syndromes: Accurate and Convincing
Authors: Koch Cora , Meier Simone , Fischer Cornelia , Brich Jochen
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Stroke detection in the preclinical setting is challenging, resulting in more than 1/3 of missed strokes by emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. Recently, prehospital identification of anterior large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke has come into focus. Cortical signs have a high predictive value for the presence of LVO stroke but are often missed. Simulated patients (SPs) could be an excellent tool to train EMS personnel in the evaluation of stroke syndromes with cortical symptoms, but it has not been studied whether they can simulate these important signs convincingly. The main objective of this study was, thus, to examine whether SPs can simulate stroke syndromes and symptoms so that stroke experts can identify them correctly and reliably, applying the NIH stroke scale (NIHSS). Methods: Lay actors were trained to simulate one of 8 stroke syndromes either typical of a lacunary stroke or of an anterior LVO stroke and then videotaped during an examination according to the NIHSS. Stroke experts were asked to rate each item of the NIHSS based on the videos, determine which stroke syndrome was being demonstrated, and rate the quality of simulation. The primary outcome was the correct identification of the target stroke syndrome by the expert raters. Secondary outcomes were the agreement of the rating of the NIHSS score with the target NIHSS score and the expert raters’ assessment of the quality of simulation. Results: Seven of eight syndromes were rated correctly by at least twelve of fifteen raters and the mean rated NIHSS score was within one point of the target score for six of eight syndromes. The mean rating for the quality of simulation was between 3.54 and 3.98 (as rated on a scale from 1 to 4) for each syndrome. Discussion/Conclusion: SPs are capable of simulating acute stroke symptoms and syndromes accurately and convincingly. Thus, they represent a great resource to improve educational interventions that improve stroke recognition.
An Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Resistant to All-Trans Retinoic Acid: A Case Report of the ZBTB16::RARa Variant and Review of the Literature
Authors: Castelijn Daan A.R. , Sijm Gerrit , Venniker-Punt Bianca , Poddighe Pino J. , Wondergem Marielle J.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the PML::RARa gene fusion and treatment consists of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Rarely, genetic APL variants have been described which are insensitive to ATRA treatment and are therefore associated with a worse prognosis. Rapid identification of the APL variant is essential to start the correct treatment. Case Presentation: Here, we present a case of a 66-year-old male patient with weight loss and arthralgia. Laboratory results showed an anemia and mild leukocytosis with predominantly monocytes. Bone marrow investigation unexpectedly revealed a t(11;17)(q23;q21). This raised suspicion of an ATRA-resistant APL. By demonstrating the ZBTB16::RARa gene fusion, the diagnosis was confirmed. Conclusion: This case study emphasizes the importance of integrated diagnostics and provides guidance to recognize the ZBTB16::RARa APL, which is the most prevalent ATRA-resistant APL. Furthermore, an overview of other genetic APL variants is presented and how to treat these uncommon diseases in clinical practice.
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis: Correlation with White Blood Cells over Time and a Possible Role as the Outcome Predictor
Authors: Virzi Grazia Maria , Mattiotti Maria , Milan Manani Sabrina , Gnappi Maddalena , Tantillo Ilaria , Corradi Valentina , De Cal Massimo , Giuliani Anna , Carta Mariarosa , Giavarina Davide , Ronco Claudio , Zanella Monica
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The present study aimed to monitor peritoneal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL) during peritonitis episodes and to enhance its diagnostic value by evaluating pNGAL at scheduled times in parallel with white blood cell (WBC) count. In addition, we investigated possible correlations between pNGAL and the etiology of peritonitis, evaluating it as a possible marker of the clinical outcome. Methods: Twenty-two patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis were enrolled. Peritonitis was divided into Gram-positive, Gram-negative, polymicrobial, and sterile. WBC count and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in PD effluent were measured at different times (days 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, and/or 20 and 10 days after antibiotic therapy discontinuation). NGAL was measured by standard quantitative laboratory-based immunoassay and by colorimetric NGAL dipstick (NGALds) (dipstick test). Results: We found strong correlations between peritoneal WBC, laboratory-based NGAL, and NGALds values, both overall and separated at each time point. On day 1, we observed no significant difference in WBC, both NGALds (p = 0.3, 0.9, and 0.2) between Gram-positive, Gram-negative, polymicrobial, and sterile peritonitis. No significant difference has been found between de novo versus relapsing peritonitis for all markers (p > 0.05). We observed a parallel decrease of WBC and both NGAL in patients with favorable outcomes. WBC count and both pNGAL resulted higher in patients with negative outcomes (defined as relapsing peritonitis, peritonitis-associated catheter removal, peritonitis-associated hemodialysis transfer, peritonitis-associated death) at day 10 (p = 0.04, p = 0.03, and p = 0.05, respectively) and day 15 (p = 0.01, p = 0.04, and tendency for p = 0.005). There was a tendency toward higher levels of WBC and NGAL in patients with a negative outcome at day 5. No significant difference in all parameters was proven at day 1 (p = 0.3, p = 0.9, p = 0.2) between groups. Conclusion: This study confirms pNGAL as a valid and reliable biomarker for the diagnosis of PD-peritonitis and its monitoring. Its trend is parallel to WBC count during peritonitis episodes, in particular, patients with unfavorable outcomes.
Nocturnal Hypertension and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients With Diabetes With the Absence of Heart Failure: Prospective Cohort HSCAA Study
Authors: Kidawara Yonekazu , Kadoya Manabu , Igeta Masataka , Morimoto Akiko , Miyoshi Akio , Kakutani-Hatayama Miki , Kanzaki Akinori , Konishi Kosuke , Kusunoki Yoshiki , Daimon Takashi , Asakura Masanori , Ishihara Masaharu , Koyama Hidenori
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Diabetes is an important risk factor for heart failure (HF) and is associated with left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. However, diabetic comorbid conditions, such as nocturnal hypertension, as predictors of diastolic dysfunction are not known in the absence of an HF period. The present study was conducted as the longitudinal examination of the predictive value of nocturnal hypertension profiles on the progression of LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with and without diabetes without HF.

METHODS:

The subjects (154 diabetes and 268 nondiabetes) in the absence of HF were followed for 36.8±18.2 months. The relationships among the patterns of nocturnal hypertension and the outcome of LV diastolic dysfunction, defined as an increase in E/e′>14, were investigated in the patients with and without diabetes.

RESULTS:

The interaction effect of the diabetes status and the patterns of nocturnal hypertension on the hazard rate of the occurrence of E/e′>14 was statistically significant (
P
=0.017). Kaplan-Meier analysis results revealed that patients with diabetes with nondipper (
P
=0.021 versus dipper) and riser (
P
=0.006 versus dipper) had a greater risk for a diastolic dysfunction event. Furthermore, multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that nondipper (hazard ratio, 4.56 [95% CI, 1.49–13.96];
P
=0.007) and riser (hazard ratio, 3.89 [95% CI, 1.31–11.57];
P
=0.014) patterns were associated with elevated risk of the outcome of LV diastolic dysfunction. In contrast, no similar significant associations were found in patients without diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS:

During the absence of HF periods, nocturnal hypertension is an important predictor for the progression of LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with diabetes.
Within-person changes in the aging white matter microstructure and their modifiers: A meta-analysis and systematic review of longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging studies
Authors: Mendez Colmenares Andrea , Prytherch Ben , Thomas Michael L. , Burzynska Agnieszka Z.
Published: November 2023

This meta-analysis and systematic review synthesized data from 30 longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies on the magnitude, direction, spatial patterns, and modifiers of naturally occurring within-person changes in healthy adult white matter (WM) microstructure. Results revealed: (1) significant within-person declines in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the whole WM (d = -0.12), genu (d = -0.16), and splenium (d = -0.13); (2) greater declines in FA associated with older age, longer follow-up times, and female sex; (3) a possible yet inconclusive vulnerability of late-myelinating WM (the “development-to-degeneration” gradient); and (4) factors decelerating (e.g., physical activity and social activities) and accelerating (e.g., vascular risk factors, biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease, and alcohol consumption) age-related FA changes. Our findings encourage the consideration of WM as a new target for treatments and interventions against cognitive decline and lay the foundation for studying the plastic and regenerative potential of adult WM in clinical trials. Individual differences in WM changes could aid in the preclinical diagnosis of dementia, opening a window for earlier, more effective treatments.
The Right to Marry and the Right to Establish a Family in the Universal, European and Polish Dimension
Authors: Bucoń Paweł
Published: November 2023

The subject of the article is an analysis of the human right to marry and the right to establish a family. The author considers the guarantees of this right in three areas. The first one is the universal dimension, the essence of which are the documents guaranteeing the protection of human rights adopted by the United Nations: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights. In the European dimension, the most important is Article 12 of the European Convention on Human Rights, ensuring the right to marry for a man and a woman who have reached the appropriate age. In the Polish national dimension, Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 solidified the existing traditional form of marriage, i.e. the state of a union between a man and a woman. It also ensures the care and protection of the state to families created on the basis of a formally concluded marriage, as well as to other families, especially those with many children and incomplete families. According to the author, the right to get married and the right to found a family are connected and complementary, but the right to start a family can be exercised independently of getting married.
Explicit Timing Differently Predicts Implicit Timing Performance in Younger and Older Adults
Authors: Otsuka Taku , Yotsumoto Yuko , Mioni Giovanna
Published: November 2023

Temporal processing can be divided into explicit timing and implicit timing. Explicit timing tasks require participants to attend to the temporal aspects of the task, whereas in implicit timing tasks, temporal information affects performance without explicit instruction to process time. Compared to younger adults, older adults have been shown to exhibit greater variability in explicit timing, while in implicit timing, they have been shown to rely more on temporal predictions formed by the hazard function. However, the relationship between explicit and implicit timing and its age-related changes have yet to be explored. To address this issue, we collected data in which younger and older adults performed a time bisection task (i.e., explicit timing task) and a foreperiod task (i.e., implicit timing task) in a within-subjects design. Based on a Bayesian optimization framework, we hypothesized that individuals with higher variability in explicit timing would show a stronger foreperiod effect, which is an index of the degree of reliance on temporal predictions. Results showed a different relation between explicit and implicit timing in younger and older adults. In older adults, results were consistent with the hypothesis that increased variability in explicit timing was associated with a stronger foreperiod effect. In contrast, bias in the temporal representation but not variability was associated with the foreperiod effect in younger adults. Implications for the age-related difference in the relation between explicit and implicit timing are discussed.
Age of heartwood initiation in trunks of young Pinus sylvestris L. trees in the taiga zone
Authors: Tarelkina Tatiana V. , Galibina Natalia A. , Ershova Maria A. , Moshnikov Sergei A. , Nikerova Kseniya M. , Afoshin Nikita V. , Semenova Ludmila I.
Published: November 2023

This work is part of a project investigating the heartwood formation process in Scots pine. Despite the economic and ecological importance of pine heartwood (HW), the process of its formation in many respects remains poorly understood. Scientists believe that HW formation in Scots pine begins at 9–20 years, however, systematic studies of HW initiation age in this species have not previously been conducted. Samples were collected from 105 P. sylvestris trees aged 10 to 25 years, growing in the middle and northern taiga subzones, as well as on the border of the northern taiga subzone with the tundra. Samples were taken at the trunk base according to a single technique and processed using two biochemical (peroxidase activity, pinosylvin presence) and two anatomical markers (presence of extractives on the tracheid pit membranes, nuclei disappearance) characterizing different events during HW formation. Biochemical markers showed an overestimation in the number of HW annual rings compared with HW determination based on anatomical criteria by 1–3 years, on average. Attempts to detect peroxidase activity showed a negative result in the inner sapwood annual ring, while detectable pinosylvin accumulation occurred in the transition zone (TZ). We have detected for the first time true HW (without living cells) in Scots pine samples with a cambial age (CA) of 15–17 years. The number of growth rings in TZ and HW in young trees depended on growth conditions. These results are important for understanding the mechanisms of HW formation and developing realistic models of this process, including changing climate conditions.
Amphora micrometra Giffen and Halamphora valdeminutissima sp. nov., two tiny benthic diatom species observed in the Black Sea
Authors: ZIDAROVA RALITSA , POTTIEZ MARGAUX , IVANOV PLAMEN , HAAN MYRIAM DE , VIJVER BART VAN DE
Published: November 2023

During a survey of the diatom flora present on an artificial substratum (plexiglass) submerged off the southern Bulgarian Black Sea coast, a small-celled diatom taxon, reported previously from the Black Sea as Amphora (Halamphora) sp. S21, was observed. Detailed light and scanning electron microscope observations showed that the original taxon actually included two different taxa: an unknown Halamphora species described here as H. valdeminutissima sp. nov., and a second taxon, which, based on SEM observations, could be identified as Amphora micrometra Giffen. The morphology of both taxa is described in detail and a comparison with similar taxa is provided. Additionally, environmental data of the habitat is also provided.