bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutual Relations Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Ralstonia solanacearum in Potato Brown Rot Disease
Authors: El-Abeid S. E. , Balabel N. M. , Messiha N. A. S.
Published: January 2025

Potato brown rot disease can devastate potato production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) are known to boost crop output. This study examines the interaction between AMFs and Ralstonia solanacearum, focusing on their effects on tuber yield and brown rot incidence. AMF increased the tuber yield by 68% (P = 0.03) in sandy soil and 30% (P = 0.047) in clay soil, along with an increase in HCO₃⁻ in sandy soil by 56% (P = 0.001) and a 24% increase in clay soil (P = 0.002). A 12% decrease in soil organic matter from 1.37 to 1.20% (P = 0.044) was recorded in sandy soil. AMF increased the pathogen populations in the rhizosphere from 3.2 to 7.8 (log CFU/g, P = 0.02) in sandy soil without a significant increase in Area Under the Disease Progression Curve. The pathogen decreased AMF colonization by 47% in sandy soil and 48% in clay soil, as well as sporulation by 63% in sandy and 57% in clay soils respectively (P < 0.05 for all). It decreased the densities of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from 6.19 up to 5.39 (P = 0.001) in sandy soil and from 6.04 to 5.16 (P = 0.008) in clay soil. Additionally, the pathogen decreased the silicate-solubilizing bacteria from 6.94 to 5.32 (P < 0.001) in sandy and from 6.82 up to 6.17 (P = 0.04) in clay soils respectively. In conclusion, while AMF significantly increased potato yield, it is not recommended for soils infested with R. solanacearum due to the potential increase in disease risk.

Graphical Abstract
Investigative Interviewers’ Peer Feedback On a Child Forensic Interview
Authors: Sharman Stefanie J. , Danby Meaghan C.
Published: January 2025

Ongoing feedback following training helps support child forensic interviewers’ adherence to best practice techniques in the field. Given the challenges in employing experts to deliver this feedback, having trained interviewers provide peer feedback may be more feasible. Across two studies, we examined the accuracy and quality of trained child interviewers’ peer reviews. Two samples of police officers recently trained in child forensic interviewing were recruited (Study 1 n = 60; Study 2 n = 63). Participants reviewed a transcript of a fictional child interview. They rated how well the interviewer adhered to best practice in each phase of the interview, gave comments to justify each rating, and provided two paragraphs of feedback for the interviewer. Compared to experts’ ratings, participants rated the interviewer as more closely adhering to best practice in all interview phases (except the episodic memory training phase in Study 2) and identified significantly fewer elements of best practice in their explanations and feedback paragraphs. Overall, participants identified more negative than positive elements of the interviewer’s practice, but participants given instructions on how to write quality feedback provided more positive comments and used a ‘feedback sandwich’ structure. Participants in Study 2 (who had less training in child interviewing) found the task more difficult than those in Study 1. These studies demonstrate that recently trained child interviewers provided somewhat useful peer feedback, but it was more limited—and more positive—than experts’ feedback. Being informed about providing feedback increased the quality of participants’ feedback, although the improvement was small.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohebi A. , Pathirana MM , Khoja A. , Wittwer MR , Lowe K. , Fisher D. , Kharwadkar S. , Gomes C. , Gamage T. , Toyer E. , Young S. , Arstall MA , Andraweera PH
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The prevalence of MetS and individual components across pregnancy has not been reviewed in the literature. This research was conducted to identify the prevalence of MetS and its components among pregnant women.

Methods

The PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023460729). Quality assessment was performed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. The study selection, data extraction and data analyses were performed in accordance with the MOOSE guidelines.

Results

The prevalence of MetS among pregnant women was 16.3%, (n = 3946). The prevalences for individual MetS components were: low HDL, 12.3% (n = 1108); high fasting glucose, 16.2% (n = 2333); high triglycerides, 48.5% (n = 2880); obesity, 42.7% (n = 5162) and high blood pressure 37.7% (n = 828). According to the definitions used to diagnose MetS, the prevalences were 18.2% according to the World Health Organization, 15.0% according to the International Diabetes Federation and 17.2% according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. When stratified by gestational age at assessment, the prevalence of MetS was 9.9% before 16 weeks’ and 24.1% after 20 weeks’ of gestation.

Conclusion

This review demonstrates that MetS is detected in approximately one-fifth of pregnant women. Screening for MetS and its components during pregnancy may help identify young women at risk for future cardiovascular disease.
Monitoring the rehabilitation process of the windthrow area using UAS images and performance comparison of Sentinel-2A based different vegetation indexes
Authors: Çinar Tunahan , Uslu Ayşegül , Aydin Abdurrahim
Published: January 2025

Windthrows significantly disrupt forest ecosystems, impacting biotic community life cycles. To ensure the reformation of the ecosystem chain, it is essential to rehabilitate the windthrow area as soon as possible. Therefore, it is mandotory to determine the success of the rehabilitation processes. In this study, the rehabilitation process of windthrow that occurred in the Düzce Tatlıdere Forest District (DTFD) was identified using vegetation indices calculated from Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) images and Sentinel-2A satellite images between 2017 and 2022. The Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE), Plant Senescence Reflectance Index (PSRI), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were calculated from Sentinel-2A satellite images, and the most successful index for detecting reforested areas was identified. UAS images were used to create training data, and this data was used to classify Sentinel-2A images with the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The classification’s accuracy was assessed using the Kappa Coefficient and Overall Accuracy (%). Results showed that NDVI had the lowest accuracy in both years, whereas NDRE succesfully detected windthrow area borders. PSRI was most successful in monitoring rehabilitation progress and detecting reforested areas between 2017 and 2022. This study, he effectiveness and limitations of the NDRE, PSRI and NDVI indices in the rehabilitation process of the windthrow area have been detected, and the most important Sentinel-2A bands were determined based on the results of the RF classification. This study is pioneering in the use of NDRE and PSRI to detect reforested areas post-windthrow.
Convergence of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence in the fight against liver cancer: a comprehensive review
Authors: Bhange Manjusha , Telange Darshan
Published: January 2025

Liver cancer is one of the most challenging malignancies, often associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recent advancements in nanotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) have opened new frontiers in the fight against this disease. Nanotechnology enables precise, targeted drug delivery, enhancing the efficacy of therapeutics while minimizing off-target effects. Simultaneously, AI contributes to improved diagnostic accuracy, predictive modeling, and the development of personalized treatment strategies. This review explores the convergence of nanotechnology and AI in liver cancer treatment, evaluating current progress, identifying existing research gaps, and discussing future directions. We highlight how AI-powered algorithms can optimize nanocarrier design, facilitate real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy, and enhance clinical decision-making. By integrating AI with nanotechnology, clinicians can achieve more accurate patient stratification and treatment personalization, ultimately improving patient outcomes. This convergence holds significant promise for transforming liver cancer therapy into a more precise, individualized, and efficient process. However, data privacy, regulatory hurdles, and the need for large-scale clinical validation remain. Addressing these issues will be essential to fully realizing the potential of these technologies in oncology.
Adsorptive removal of toxic methylene blue and crystal violet dyes from aqueous solutions using Prunus spinosa: isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic, and error analysis
Authors: Onuk Elif Burcu , Isik Birol
Published: January 2025

In this study, it was aimed to use Prunus spinosa L. fruit pulp as an adsorbent zero-waste and low-cost for the removal of toxic methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) dyes from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized utilizing FTIR-ATR, SEM, and pHpzc tests. The pHpzc value of the adsorbent is 4.96. According to optimization experiments, the optimum adsorbent dosage was determined as 0.05 g/50 mL for MB and CV dyes, the optimum pH values were determined as approximately 7 for MB and CV dyes, and the optimum contact time was determined as 45 min for MB and 30 min for CV dyes. The Langmuir model has been used to calculate the maximum adsorption capacities of MB and CV dyes at a temperature of 298 K. The obtained values are 59.59 mg/g for MB and 53.19 mg/g for CV. The experimental data for Prunus spinosa L. for both dyes exhibited a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. According to error analyses, the reproducibility and applicability of isotherm and kinetic models were investigated. From thermodynamic results, the enthalpy values were calculated as − 42.04 kJ/mol for MB and − 24.08 kJ/mol for CV dyes, which indicates that the process is exothermic. Also, the Gibbs free energies of MB and CV dyes were determined as − 34.20 kJ/mol and − 32.33 kJ/mol at 298 K, which indicates the process is spontaneous. Research and comparisons with other adsorbents have demonstrated that Prunus spinosa L. is a cost-effective and appealing choice for removing MB and CV dyes from water solutions.

Graphical Abstract
Community Efforts to Care for Animals During Climate Disasters: Experiences and Recommendations from an Australian Bushfire Affected Region
Authors: Sturman Anna , Celermajer Danielle , MacDonald Freya , Verlie Blanche , Heenan Natasha , Schlosberg David
Published: January 2025

Formal disaster prevention, preparation, risk management, and response remain highly anthropocentric, with non-human animals afforded minimal attention, resourcing, and support. This article reports on informal community efforts to care for non-human animals during and after the 2019/2020 “Black Summer” bushfires in Australia, when over three billion animals were killed, injured, or displaced. We conducted 56 in-depth interviews with community members, government officials, and experts, and ran four full day workshops with community members to investigate: how communities sought to protect and care for domesticated, farmed, and wild animals; the factors that facilitated and impeded their efforts; and the changes they believed would lead to better outcomes for animals in disasters in the future. Key findings are that: human communities understood and treated non-human animals as part of their communities; humans went to extraordinary lengths to care for and rescue animals; these efforts were largely invisible to, and unsupported—even condemned—by formal emergency management agencies. We conclude that human-centric emergency and disaster management policies are at odds with community values and behaviors. We argue that disaster management must evolve to accommodate and support the realities of community-based rather than individual-based approaches, and must simultaneously expand to consider communities as multispecies.
Studying the Behavior of Cast and Thermally Treated α + β -Titanium Alloys Using the Abbott Firestone Technique
Authors: Awad Ahmed H. , Elsayed Ayman , Farahat Ahmed I. Z. , El-Hadad Shimaa
Published: January 2025

Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys were melted by an electric arc furnace, followed by tailored heat treatment routes in this study. The temperatures and cooling rates factors affecting the microstructural evolution, phase content and texture, and mechanical properties were evaluated. Thus far, the relationship between microstructure features, surface texture, and corresponding properties of as-cast and thermally treated alloys has not been completely understood. The results of this study revealed that the cooling rate and treatment temperatures significantly affect the properties and amount of phase transformation. Moreover, an approach utilizing bearing area curves (BAC) called Abbott Firestone curves were used to relate the surface texture to the phase content. Among the Ti67 alloys investigated, treatment at 1070 °C for 1 hour and water quenching followed by aging at 550 °C for 4 h followed by furnace cooling to 200 °C, then air cooling to room temperature exhibited the highest ultimate compressive strength (1423.7 MPa), consisting of ω phase along with α and β phases due to the precipitation hardening mechanism.

Graphical Abstract
Modules over orders, conjugacy classes of integral matrices, and abelian varieties over finite fields
Authors: Marseglia Stefano
Published: January 2025

We give an algorithm to compute representatives of the conjugacy classes of semisimple square integral matrices with given minimal and characteristic polynomials. We also give an algorithm to compute the 

$$\mathbb {F}_q$$

F
q

-isomorphism classes of abelian varieties over a finite field 

$$\mathbb {F}_q$$

F
q

which belong to an isogeny class determined by a characteristic polynomial h of Frobenius when h is ordinary, or q is prime and h has no real roots.
Temporal Word Embeddings for Early Detection of Psychological Disorders on Social Media
Authors: Couto Manuel , Perez Anxo , Parapar Javier , Losada David E.
Published: January 2025

Mental health disorders represent a public health challenge, where early detection is critical to mitigating adverse outcomes for individuals and society. The study of language and behavior is a pivotal component in mental health research, and the content from social media platforms serves as a valuable tool for identifying signs of mental health risks. This paper presents a novel framework leveraging temporal word embeddings to capture linguistic changes over time. We specifically aim at at identifying emerging psychological concerns on social media. By adapting temporal word representations, our approach quantifies shifts in language use that may signal mental health risks. To that end, we implement two alternative temporal word embedding models to detect linguistic variations and exploit these variations to train early detection classifiers. Our experiments, conducted on 18 datasets from the eRisk initiative (covering signs of conditions such as depression, anorexia, and self-harm), show that simple models focusing exclusively on temporal word usage patterns achieve competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art systems. Additionally, we perform a word-level analysis to understand the evolution of key terms among positive and control users. These findings underscore the potential of time-sensitive word models in this domain, being a promising avenue for future research in mental health surveillance.
Agent-Based Behavioral Modeling of Human Associative Learning in a Complex Approach-Avoidance Conflict Task
Authors: Usée Franziska , Schmidt Sebastian , Melzig Christiane A. , Ostwald Dirk
Published: January 2025

Despite its key role in the development, maintenance, and treatment of anxiety disorders, the detailed mechanisms of human avoidance learning remain elusive. To contribute to the understanding of avoidance learning, we here report on a novel approach-avoidance conflict task that requires participants to learn associations between complex visual stimuli and combined appetitive and aversive stimuli while actively engaging with the experimental environment. Using an agent-based behavioral modeling approach, we implemented and validated an extensive set of control, heuristic, Rescorla-Wagner learning-based, and hybrid agents. We show that a Rescorla-Wagner learning-based agent with a prior expectation bias parameter best explains the learning behavior of 50 participants. As such, our work complements current research on the computational underpinnings of approach-avoidance behavior by showing paradigm and task instruction dependencies in approach-avoidance-relevant associative learning and contributes to the overall aim of achieving a more fine-grained understanding of the etiology of anxiety disorders.
Distribution of plant pathogenic Aphanomyces species in Sweden, Denmark and Lithuania and its relationship with soil factors
Authors: Wikström Josefin , Chaudhary Sidhant , Persson Lars , Wikström Mariann , Fatehi Jamshid , Karlsson Magnus
Published: January 2025

Three species of Aphanomyces, A. euteiches, A. cochlioides and A. cladogamus are devastating agricultural plant pathogens causing root rot disease on pea, sugar beet and spinach, respectively. Here we investigated the distribution of the three Aphanomyces species in parts of Sweden, Denmark and Lithuania using climate chamber soil bioassays, and tested for correlations with macronutrient levels in the soil. Aphanomyces euteiches was the most widespread pathogen found in 28% of the tested samples in Sweden and Denmark, while A. cochlioides had a more limited distribution, and was found in 22% of the samples. Aphanomyces cladogamus was only detected in Sweden and was present in 16% of the tested samples. Aphanomyces euteiches only infected pea plants, while A. cochlioides and A. cladogamus infected both sugar beet and spinach. There were significant (P < 0.001) differences in disease severity index (DSI) between regions, pathogens and for the interaction between regions and crops. Soil calcium (Ca) content ranged from 82 to 3600 mg/100 g dry soil. No species of Aphanomyces was detected in soils with Ca levels above 250 mg/100 g soil, indicating a pathogen-suppressive effect from calcium. Similar results were observed from 1350 soil samples collected from commercial pea growing fields, as DSI values on pea remained very low (below 20 on a 0–100 scale) in soil samples with confirmed presence of A. euteiches and a Ca value above 210 mg/100 g soil. High Ca levels was a significant (P < 0.05) predictor for low probability of presence of Aphanomyces spp. in soil.
Bracing effectiveness in idiopathic early onset scoliosis followed to skeletal maturity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bellamy Matthew , Tung Wei Shao , Jayasuriya Raveen , Hind Daniel , Swaby Lizzie , Totton Nikki , Cole Ashley
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Treating idiopathic Early Onset Scoliosis (idiopathic EOS) is challenging due to ongoing growth and extensive follow-ups. While bracing is effective for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS), its value for children under 10 remains debated. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of spinal bracing in idiopathic EOS, followed to skeletal maturity.

Methods

We searched Ovid Medline and Web of Science until November 1st, 2023. Studies included idiopathic EOS patients between the ages of 3 and 10 (corresponding to Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis), followed to skeletal maturity, with no more than 25% initiating bracing after age 11. The primary outcome was the percentage undergoing scoliosis surgery. Pooled outcomes were calculated using a random effects model and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Out of 417 studies, 15 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 868 patients. All were observational with a high risk of bias. The pooled percentage of patients undergoing surgery was 40% (95% CI 27–55%). The percentage of patients with a 5-degree progression or more and those progressing beyond 45 degrees were 44% (95% CI 24–66%) and 33% (95% CI 17–54%), respectively. Factors including larger initial Cobb angles, younger age, smaller in-brace correction, and poor compliance were identified as progression risk factors.

Conclusions

Bracing may prevent progression to surgery in idiopathic EOS when initiated early, but progression and surgery are still more common compared to adolescents. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis looking at the success of bracing in idiopathic EOS, followed up to skeletal maturity. The high bias and variability of included studies limit the strength of these conclusions, highlighting the need for high-quality research with innovative trial designs.

Level of evidence

IV (systematic review of level IV studies).
Zetetic intransigence and democratic participation
Authors: Joshi Hrishikesh
Published: January 2025

A pervasive feature of democracy is disagreement. In general, when we encounter disagreement from someone who is at least more reliable than chance, this puts some pressure on us to moderate our beliefs. But this raises the specter of asymmetric compliance – it’s not obvious what to do when we moderate our beliefs but the other party refuses to do so. Whereas an elegant solution is available when it comes to how we can respond to our higher-order evidence while still preserving democratic fairness, I argue that no such solution is forthcoming when we consider zetetic intransigence – that is, asymmetric compliance with regard to how we inquire, or gather evidence. The upshot is that democratic participation can involve messy trade-offs with no entirely satisfactory resolution.
On properties of effective topological complexity and effective Lusternik–Schnirelmann category
Authors: Błaszczyk Zbigniew , Baro Arturo Espinosa , Viruel Antonio
Published: January 2025

The notion of effective topological complexity, introduced by Błaszczyk and Kaluba, deals with using group actions in the configuration space in order to reduce the complexity of the motion planning algorithm. In this article, we focus on studying several properties of this notion of topological complexity. We introduce a notion of effective LS category which mimics the behaviour the usual LS category has in the non-effective setting. We use it to investigate the relationship between these effective invariants and the orbit map with respect to the group action, and we give numerous examples. Additionally, we investigate non-vanishing criteria based on a cohomological dimension bound of the saturated diagonal.
Divine action in the flesh: A cognitive linguistic evaluation of Pannenberg's theology
Authors: Feng Jacob Chengwei
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to examine Wolfhart Pannenberg's theology of divine action using the conceptual framework of cognitive linguistics. Central to this exploration is Pannenberg's use of the scientific concept of force field in an analogical/metaphorical way, enabling him to present a trinitarian-pneumatological understanding of divine action through divine omniscience and omnipresence. This paper argues that, despite justified criticisms of Pannenberg's reliance on Faraday's outdated concept of a universal force field, recent developments in cognitive linguistics affirm the legitimacy of Pannenberg's panentheistic metaphorical approach to the theology of divine action while calling for revisions.
An outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serotype O103:H2 associated with unpasteurized soft cheese, England and Wales, 2022
Authors: Heinsbroek Ellen , Blakey Eleanor , Simpson Alex , Verlander Neville Q , Greig David R. , Jorgensen Frieda , Nelson Andrew , Douglas Amy , Balasegaram Sooria , Jenkins Claire , Elson Richard
Published: January 2025

In July 2022, a genetically linked and geographically dispersed cluster of 12 cases of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O103:H2 was detected by the UK Health Security Agency using whole genome sequencing. Review of food history questionnaires identified cheese (particularly an unpasteurized brie-style cheese) and mixed salad leaves as potential vehicles. A case–control study was conducted to investigate exposure to these products. Case food history information was collected by telephone. Controls were recruited using a market research panel and self-completed an online questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable analyses were undertaken using Firth Logistic Regression. Eleven cases and 24 controls were included in the analysis. Consumption of the brie-style cheese of interest was associated with illness (OR 57.5, 95% confidence interval: 3.10–1,060). Concurrently, the production of the brie-style cheese was investigated. Microbiological sample results for the cheese products and implicated dairy herd did not identify the outbreak strain, but did identify the presence of stx genes and STEC, respectively. Together, epidemiological, microbiological, and environmental investigations provided evidence that the brie-style cheese was the vehicle for this outbreak. Production of unpasteurized dairy products was suspended by the business operator, and a review of practices was performed.
Increasing Public Support for Transgender Rights through Superordinate LGBT+ Rights Framing: Evidence from a US Survey Experiment on Transgender Participation in Sports
Authors: Whitt Sam , Yanus Alixandra B. , Setzler Mark , McDonald Brian , Ballingrud Gordon , Coleman Tyler
Published: January 2025

We consider how LGBT+ legal rights frameworks, broadly construed, can be used to bolster support within the general public for transgender subgroup rights. Our research is informed by theoretical perspectives on appeals to superordinate identities to reduce prejudice. Based on a survey experiment in the United States, we find that framing a salient transgender advocacy issue—transgender participation in sports—within a broader LGBT+ legal rights framework increases public support for transgender inclusion in sports. There is a nearly 10 percentage-point increase in support, including among partisan Republicans, when transgender rights in sports are preceded by priming and framing around the more general LGBT+ rights struggle. Our results underscore the importance of broader LGBT+ rights advocacy to public acceptance of the transgender community.
How to Write an Article
Authors: Breslin Mike
Published: January 2025

Legal Information Management Co-Editor and experienced professional journalist and author Mike Breslin offers up some personal tips on writing an article, including how to plan, how to work through it in stages and how to write copy specifically for LIM.
Historical Paths and Contemporary Evolution of Sharia-Compliant Finance in Central Asian Regions
Authors: Thommandru Abhishek , Rakhmanov Abdumukhtor , Tillaboev Shokhrukhbek , Mone Varda
Published: January 2025

This research paper has been complied by Abhishek Thommandru, Abdumukhtor Rakhmanov, Shokhrukhbek Tillaboev and Varda Mone. It explores the historical trajectories and modern dynamics of Islamic financial law in Central Asia, a region characterised by a rich tapestry of cultural influences and a predominantly Muslim population. The paper traces the evolution of Islamic finance from its roots in Sharia principles, such as the avoidance of riba, gharar, and maysir, to its current sophisticated framework that promotes equity, transparency, and social welfare. The unique blend of traditional practices and modern regulations in Central Asian Islamic financial jurisprudence is examined, along with the factors driving the industry's growth, including increasing awareness, regulatory support, and integration with global markets.

The paper also delves into the key principles underpinning Islamic financial institutions, such as the prohibition of interest, risk-sharing, and asset-backed financing, and discusses the progress made by Central Asian countries in establishing regulatory frameworks, Shariah compliance oversight, and legal infrastructure. The development of Islamic banking practices, capital markets and takaful in the region is also explored, highlighting the availability of Sharia-compliant products and services. However, the challenges of harmonising Islamic and conventional laws, ensuring consistent Shariah interpretation, and establishing effective dispute resolution mechanisms are also addressed.

The economic impact of Islamic finance in promoting financial inclusion, attracting investments, and fostering stability is also analysed, along with the influence of cultural considerations, social welfare, and ethical investing on the acceptance and growth of Islamic finance in Central Asia. Case studies from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan are presented to illustrate successful implementation strategies. The paper concludes by emphasising the potential for Islamic finance to drive sustainable economic development in Central Asia and the need for ongoing research, collaboration, and policy support to navigate the complex dynamics of this evolving field. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the historical trajectories and modern dynamics of Islamic financial law in Central Asia, providing valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in this rapidly growing sector.
The Political Uses of Semiotic Indeterminacy
Authors: Gershon Ilana
Published: January 2025

The authors in this collection start with the insight that not all instances of semiotic indeterminacy are produced in the same way, that they can be located differently in the process of semiosis, and this fact shapes how and when semiotic indeterminacy is deployed by formulators and interpreters. The authors explore patterned uses of semiotic indeterminacy in Brazil, Bulgaria, Iran, and the United States to examine the role indeterminacy plays in institutional attempts at control and persuasion.
Mgl2+ cDC2s coordinate fungal allergic airway type 2, but not type 17, inflammation in mice
Authors: Cook Peter C. , Brown Sheila L. , Houlder Emma L. , Furlong-Silva Julio , Conn Daniel P. , Colombo Stefano A. P. , Baker Syed , Svedberg Freya R. , Howell Gareth , Bertuzzi Margherita , Boon Louis , Konkel Joanne E. , Thornton Christopher R. , Allen Judith E. , MacDonald Andrew S.
Published: January 2025

Fungal spores are abundant in the environment and a major cause of asthma. Originally characterised as a type 2 inflammatory disease, allergic airway inflammation that underpins asthma can also involve type 17 inflammation, which can exacerbate disease causing failure of treatments tailored to inhibit type 2 factors. However, the mechanisms that determine the host response to fungi, which can trigger both type 2 and type 17 inflammation in allergic airway disease, remain unclear. Here we find that CD11c+ DCs and CD4+ T cells are essential for development of both type 2 and type 17 airway inflammation in mice repeatedly exposed to inhaled spores. Single cell RNA-sequencing with further multi-parameter cytometry shows that allergic inflammation dramatically alters the proportion of numerous DC clusters in the lung, but that only two of these (Mgl2+ cDC2s and CCR7+ DCs) migrate to the dLNs. Targeted removal of several DC subsets shows that Mgl2+ cDC2 depletion reduces type 2, but not type 17, fungal allergic airway inflammation. These data highlight distinct DC subsets as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of pulmonary fungal disease.
Telomerase RNA structural heterogeneity in living human cells detected by DMS-MaPseq
Authors: Forino Nicholas M. , Woo Jia Zheng , Zaug Arthur J. , Jimenez Arcelia Gonzalez , Edelson Eva , Cech Thomas R. , Rouskin Silvi , Stone Michael D.
Published: January 2025

Biogenesis of human telomerase requires its RNA subunit (hTR) to fold into a multi-domain architecture that includes the template-pseudoknot (t/PK) and the three-way junction (CR4/5). These hTR domains bind the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) protein and are essential for telomerase activity. Here, we probe hTR structure in living cells using dimethyl sulfate mutational profiling with sequencing (DMS-MaPseq) and ensemble deconvolution analysis. Approximately 15% of the steady state population of hTR has a CR4/5 conformation lacking features required for hTERT binding. The proportion of hTR CR4/5 folded into the primary functional conformation is independent of hTERT expression levels. Mutations that stabilize the alternative CR4/5 conformation are detrimental to telomerase assembly and activity. Moreover, the alternative CR4/5 conformation is not found in purified telomerase RNP complexes, supporting the hypothesis that only the primary CR4/5 conformer is active. We propose that this misfolded portion of the cellular hTR pool is either slowly refolded or degraded, suggesting that kinetic RNA folding traps studied in vitro may also hinder ribonucleoprotein assembly in vivo.
The molecular basis of Human FN3K mediated phosphorylation of glycated substrates
Authors: Garg Ankur , On Kin Fan , Xiao Yang , Elkayam Elad , Cifani Paolo , David Yael , Joshua-Tor Leemor
Published: January 2025

Glycation, a non-enzymatic post-translational modification occurring on proteins, can be actively reversed via site-specific phosphorylation of the fructose-lysine moiety by FN3K kinase, to impact the cellular function of the target protein. A regulatory axis between FN3K and glycated protein targets has been associated with conditions like diabetes and cancer. However, the molecular basis of this relationship has not been explored so far. Here, we determined a series of crystal structures of HsFN3K in the apo-state, and in complex with different nucleotide analogs together with a sugar substrate mimic to reveal the features important for its kinase activity and substrate recognition. Additionally, the dynamics in sugar substrate binding during the kinase catalytic cycle provide important mechanistic insights into HsFN3K function. Our structural work provides the molecular basis for rational small molecule design targeting FN3K.
Detection and genomic characterisation of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes circulating in Cameroon using environmental sampling
Authors: Colenutt Claire , Shaw Andrew , Esemu Seraphine Nkie , Kfusi Achah Jerome , Willington Ojong Bessong , Brown Emma , Wadsworth Jemma , Knowles Nick J. , King Donald P. , Ndip Lucy Mande , Chevanne Etienne , Rosso Fabrizio , Sumption Keith , Gubbins Simon
Published: January 2025

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious, economically important disease of livestock and wildlife species. Active monitoring and understanding the epidemiology of FMDV underpin the foundations of control programmes. In many endemic areas, however, veterinary resources are limited, resulting in a requirement for simple sampling techniques to increase and supplement surveillance efforts. In this study, environmental sampling was used for the first time at livestock markets and abattoirs across Cameroon to assess the opportunities for broad scale, non-invasive disease surveillance at such sites. Environmental samples (n = 1994) were collected from six locations across Cameroon between May and July 2019. Concurrent with environmental sampling, a questionnaire was used to gather descriptive information on the use and practices of market and abattoir sites. Samples were screened for the presence of FMDV RNA using a pan-serotype FMDV specific real-time RT-PCR assay. Positive samples were characterised at the genomic level using next generation sequencing in combination with a novel probe-based enrichment strategy. A total of 173/1994 (8.68%) environmental samples were found to be positive for FMDV RNA. Genome length sequences were obtained from environmental samples, with phylogenetically relevant capsid sequences obtained from 14 samples, with representatives of serotypes O (n = 6), A (n = 7) and SAT 2 (n = 3). The questionnaire results revealed that animals in Cameroon can be transported long distances to markets and abattoirs, with varying levels of control and biosecurity practices in place. The approaches used in this study have highlighted that environmental sampling is an effective and non-invasive approach to assessing FMDV presence. Furthermore, the study has demonstrated that livestock markets, abattoirs and trucks could be targeted for the introduction of biosecurity interventions as well as providing opportunities for carrying out disease surveillance. Information resulting from such surveillance could provide valuable knowledge of circulating viruses within a region of interest, aiding strategic approaches for surveillance and control of FMDV.
Identification of promising SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor through molecular docking, dynamics simulation, and ADMET analysis
Authors: Sharma Ganesh , Kumar Neeraj , Sharma Chandra Shekhar , Alqahtani Taha , Tiruneh Yewulsew Kebede , Sultana Sharifa , Rolim Silva Gabriel Vinícius , de Lima Menezes Gabriela , Zaki Magdi E. A. , Nobre Oliveira Jonas Ivan
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose a major challenge to global health. Targeting the main protease of the virus (Mpro), which is essential for viral replication and transcription, offers a promising approach for therapeutic intervention. In this study, advanced computational techniques such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to screen a series of antiviral compounds for their potential inhibitory effect on the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. A comprehensive analysis of compounds from the ChemDiv and PubChem databases was performed. The physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) profiles were evaluated to determine drug similarity and safety. Compound 4896 − 4038 proved to be the most promising candidate. It exhibited a favorable balance between molecular weight (491.06) and lipophilicity (logP 3.957), high intestinal absorption (92.119%), and broad tissue distribution (VDss of 0.529), indicating good oral bioavailability and therapeutic potential. Molecular docking studies showed that 4896 − 4038 has a strong binding affinity to the active site of Mpro and forms key interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, carbon-hydrogen bonds, pi-sulfur, and multiple van der Waals and pi-pi stacked bonds. The binding energy was comparable to that of the reference drug X77, indicating potential efficacy. Molecular dynamics simulations over 300 ns confirmed the stability of the Mpro/4896 − 4038 complex of protein-ligand. Free energy landscape mapping and MM/PBSA calculations further substantiated the favorable binding and stability of the complex. Importantly, 4896 − 4038 exhibited a comparatively favorable safety profile. In summary, compound 4896 − 4038 shows significant potential as a potent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor, combining potent inhibitory activity with favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. These results support the further development of 4896 − 4038 as a promising therapeutic agent in the fight against COVID-19 that warrants experimental validation and clinical investigation.
Autograft dilation after Ross procedure in children and young adults is mitigated by autograft reinforcement: A retrospective MRI study
Authors: Seiler Raphael , Stenzel Robin , Weixler Viktoria , Muiznieks Milena , Gürtner Marina , Berger Felix , Kühne Titus , Cho Mi-Young , Photiadis Joachim , Kelm Marcus , Murin Peter
Published: January 2025

Limited magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data on autograft dilatation following the Ross procedure in congenital cohorts presents challenges in understanding its evolution and impact on clinical outcomes. This study, spanning from February 2003 to December 2022, included patients under 40 years at the time of the Ross procedure, with MRI follow-ups assessing dimensions at key aortic sites. Among 307 patients, 132 MRIs were analyzed from 76 individuals, revealing that autograft z-scores increase primarily with time post-procedure (Coef. 0.13; 95% CI:0.051–0.216; P = 0.002). Additionally, older patients at the time of surgery showed larger ascending aortic dimensions (Coef. 0.13; 95% CI:0.099–0.165; P = 0.001). Notably, autograft dilation at the sinus of Valsalva significantly predicted higher reintervention risks (HR 1.57; 95% CI:1.21–2.04; P = 0.001). Surgical reinforcement techniques of the autograft, via subcoronary implantation or external support, prevented such dilation (P < 0.001) and mitigated aortic regurgitation. In conclusion, our model predicted autograft dilation over time in patients after Ross procedure, aiding clinicians in making data-driven decisions regarding the optimal timing of the procedure and the selection of the most effective surgical strategy.
Mechanisms of change in an online acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for insomnia
Authors: Hämäläinen Tetta , Lappalainen Päivi , Langrial Sitwat Usman , Lappalainen Raimo , Kiuru Noona
Published: January 2025

Insomnia, i.e., difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, is a common condition that is connected to many psychological and physical problems. Online-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has recently been introduced as an option for treating insomnia. However, our understanding is yet limited on what happens during an online ACT intervention or what underlying mechanisms are critical for outcomes. This study addressed this gap by investigating mediators of a brief self-guided online ACT intervention for adults suffering from subclinical and clinical insomnia. A total of 86 adults were randomized to an intervention group (n = 43) or a waitlist control group (n = 43). Mediator models were used to investigate the effects of online ACT on subjective sleep complaints through changes in daytime sleepiness, dysfunctional beliefs, psychological symptoms, mindfulness, and thought suppression. Two models showed significant indirect effects: The online ACT intervention decreased participants’ thought suppression and depressive symptoms, which then decreased subjective sleep complaints. Other models did not yield significant mediating effects. Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches may serve as viable options for other existing insomnia treatments. Future studies are encouraged to be conducted, especially concerning flexibility and inflexibility processes as possible mechanisms of change in online ACT for insomnia.
Towards greener and more sustainable pre-clinical oncology research
Authors: Campion Cian , Robertson Linda , Stansfield Ian , Speirs Valerie
Published: January 2025

Single-use plastics (SUPs) are used widely in cancer research laboratories. They are cheap, durable, and lightweight, and until now have been considered disposable items. This, however, contributes significantly to unsustainable waste production. SUP waste is typically diverted to landfill or incineration, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, taking many years to degrade. Lack of robust SUP waste disposal streams, particularly in cancer research labs has long term effects on the environment. Having identified that a single laboratory researcher in our group generates at least 15 kg SUP tissue culture waste alone each year, we explore some of the issues associated with SUPs in pre-clinical oncology research, discussing potential reuse routes, alternative materials for labware and developing circular approaches to plastic consumption to address the green agenda. We also propose recommendations for improving sustainability in cancer research labs.
Theoretical analysis of the reaction mechanism of D2 gas generation using a Pd/C catalyst
Authors: Tanaka Hikaru , Ikawa Takashi , Sajiki Hironao , Tachikawa Masanori , Udagawa Taro
Published: January 2025

Efficient D2 generation is crucial for synthesizing deuterated compounds. Our study shows that D2 forms via the Grotthuss mechanism on Pd/C, where D2O and H* form an HD2O* intermediate, involving proton–electron transfer from H2 to the metal surface.
Catalytic ozonation of dimethyl phthalate by Ti–MCM-41 in water
Authors: Bing Jishuai , Wang Yaoting , Zou Yiming , Zhang Huimin , Chou Zhiling , Cheng Weixiang , Xiao Xin
Published: January 2025

Low angle (a) and wide-angle (b) XRD patterns of different catalyst samples.
Emerging contaminants in the Mediterranean Sea endangering Lebanon's Palm Islands Natural Reserve
Authors: Nehmeh Bilal , Haydous Fatima , Ali Hiba , Hdaifi Adonis , Abdlwahab Bayan , Orm Mariam Bou , Abrahamian Zohrab , Akoury Elias
Published: January 2025

This study investigates heavy metals and phthalates in water and sediments of the Palm Islands Reserve, revealing persistent contamination, with cadmium exceeding limits. The findings underscore pollution control and environmental monitoring.
Biotin/avidin-free sandwich aptamer-based lateral flow assay (ALFA) for the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Justo Christine Aubrey C. , Skouridou Vasso , Cools Piet , Mulinganya Guy , Ibáñez-Escribano Alexandra , O'Sullivan Ciara K.
Published: January 2025

Aptamer lateral flow assay (ALFA) for testing T. vaginalis (Tv) in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL).
Litho-structural framework of mineralization along the Ait Atmane fault zone (High Atlas, Morocco): Insights from remote sensing and field data
Authors: Ijaajaane Abdelhak , Ait Ali Abdelkhiar , Kajji Souhaila , Si Mhamdi Hicham , Baidder Lahssen , Raji Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Geological mapping through remote sensing is an essential method for georesource exploration. This study focuses on mapping structural lineaments in the Ait Atmane region, located at the limite between the Central High Atlas and Eastern High Atlas sub-domains. The area is characterized by a Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary cover. The primary objective is to analyze the distribution of fractures associated with the Ait Atmane fault and their relationship with Pb-Zn±Fe mineralized structures, aiming to identify metallotects for mining exploration. To achieve this, Sentinel-2A and ASTER images and ASTER GDM data were utilized to extract structural lineaments. After correcting the images, data processing centered on the automated detection and extraction of structural lineaments. Validation of the results was carried out through comparison with Google Earth imagery, existing geological maps and field observations. The findings show four predominant fractures systems: NW-SE, NE-SW, and ENE-WSW, affecting Jurassic and Cretaceous formations along the Ait Atmane fault. The Pb+ Zn ± Fe mineralization occurs in veins hosted in Pliensbachian reef limestone formations and is carried by faults trending ENE-WSW and ESE-WNW with a subvertical dip. This research highlights the critical role of structural controls in the localization and distribution of mineral resources along the Ait Atmane Fault Zone.
Modeling the flow of Oued Cherraa Basin (northeastern Morocco) using the SWAT model and evaluating model performance
Authors: Laaboudi Mohammed , Mezrhab Abdelhamid , Alioua Zahar Elkheir , Achebour Ali , Snaibi Wadii , Sahil Mohammed
Published: January 2025

River flow modeling is essential for water resource management, particularly in poorly gauged basins such as the Oued Cherraa in eastern Morocco. In these areas, modeling serves as an alternative to direct monitoring, helping to understand hydrological responses to water challenges such as floods, droughts and irrigation needs. The study used the SWAT model (ArcSWAT 2012 version) to simulate river flow in the Oued Cherraa basin. A sensitivity analysis, calibration and validation process were carried out using the sequential uncertainty adjustment method (SUFI-2), which optimized model parameters and ensured accurate reproduction of flows. The model was refined to better capture the basin’s complex hydrological processes, providing critical data for water management and planning. Key parameters analyzed include the deep aquifer percolation fraction (RCHRG_DP), the calibration coefficient for normal flow, and the curve number (CN2). The results showed a strong correlation between observed and simulated flow data. The mean monthly flow at Tazarhine (on Oued Zegzel) was 0.99 m³/s, with a simulated value of 1.076 m³/s during calibration and validation.