bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIRTUAL SCREENING OF INDONESIAN HERBAL DATABASE FOR CP ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS
Authors: Ivonie Ulfa , Yanuar Arry , . Firdayani
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study performed a virtual screening of the Indonesian Herbal Database for the core protein allosteric modulator of the hepatitis Bvirus (HBV) using AutoDock and AutoDock Vina software, to discover novel safe drugs for patients.Methods: The method was validated using the parameters enrichment factor (EF), receiver operating characteristics, and area under the curve (AUC).The grid box size used in virtual screening with AutoDock was 55 × 55 × 55 with EF10% of 0.7652 and AUC of 0.6709, whereas that used in virtualscreening with AutoDock Vina was 20.625 × 20.625 × 20.625 with EF5% of 0.5075 and AUC of 0.7832.Results: The top 10 compounds from virtual screening with AutoDock at G levels −11.74–−10.31 kcal/mol were yuehchukene, lansionic acid, stigmast-4-en-3-one, myrtillin, sanggenol O, lanosterol, erycrista-gallin, alpha-spinasterol, cyanidin 3-arabinoside, and cathasterone and with AutoDock Vinaat G levels −12.1 to −10.7 kcal/mol were sanggenol O, cucumerin A, yuehchukene, palmarumycin CP1, dehydrocycloguanandin, myrtillin, liriodenine,myricetin 3-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, myricetin 3-galactoside, and cassameridine.Conclusion: Three compounds were in top list of both virtual screening methods against Cp allosteric modulator of HBV are myrtillin, sanggenol O,and yuehchukene have a prospect to be investigated futher for anti HBV.
FORMULATION AND DISSOLUTION PROFILE STUDY OF TRANSFERSOME-LOADED MICROSPHERES FROM GREEN TEA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: Anwar Effionora , Handayani Putri Amalia
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to prepare transfersome-loaded microspheres which had good characteristics and physicochemical stability toincrease bioavailability of the polyphenol component of green tea leaf extract in the body.Methods: Transfersomes were prepared using a thin-layer hydration method. Green tea leaf extract transfersomes were formulated in the ratio of95:5, 90:10, and 85:15 based on their phospholipid and Span 80 content.Results: The most successful formula produced transfersomes of a spherical shape, 78.75 nm in size with a polydispersity index of 0.187, zetapotential of −37.5 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 47.96±5.81%. Subsequently, the transfersome was loaded into a microsphere using the spray-drymethod. The microspheres had a non-spherical, wrinkled shape, their size was 2058.44 nm, their polydispersity index was 0.545, their entrapmentefficiency was 59.27±0.59%, their moisture content was 5.21%, and their swelling index was 289.36% after 4 h. The total cumulative amount ofEpigallocatechin-3-gallate after a dissolution test was 69.15±7.66%.Conclusion: The physicochemical stability of transfersome-loaded microspheres was not significantly different from that of transfersome powder.
FORMULATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF A HAND SANITIZER GEL PRODUCED USING SALAM BARK EXTRACT
Authors: Surini Silvia , Amirtha Nurul Isti , Lestari Delly Chipta
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Salam bark extract against Staphylococcusaureus, formulate and evaluate hand sanitizer gels containing Salam bark extract, and determine the effectiveness of the gels against bacteria on thepalms of the hands.Methods: The gel base was optimized by preparing three formulations containing carbomer and triethanolamine at ratios of 0.25%:0.5%, 0.5%:1%,and 0.5%:2%. The best gel formulation was mixed with Salam bark extract. The physical stability of gels containing 4.04% (formulation 1) and 7.77%(formulation 2) Salam bark extract was measured at 4±2°C, 27±2°C, and 40±2°C for 12 weeks. The effectiveness of the gels was examined on the palmsof 30 respondents.Results: The MIC of Salam bark extract was 3.12%. The best gel base contained carbomer and triethanolamine at a ratio of 1–4 and a pH of 5.50.Formulations 1 and 2 gels had good stability for 12 weeks. Formulation 2 tended to decrease the number of bacteria (p=0.125) better than formulation1 (p=1.000). In the hedonic study, formulation 2 was preferred to formulation 1.Conclusion: Formulation 2 gel with 7.77% Salam bark extract was more effective than formulation 1 gel with 4.04% extract in decreasing the number ofbacteria on the palms.
FORMULATION OF SUSPENDING VEHICLES FOR EXTEMPORANEOUS ORAL LIQUID COMPOUNDING WITH DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE AS A DRUG MODEL
Authors: SUTRIYO  , NISA ZAHRA MEILIA
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to determine the optimum concentrations of a suspending vehicle and develop a physically and chemically stableformulation containing diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ).Methods: Stability testing was performed for 30 days in selected suspending vehicle formulas (Formulas A and E). Physical stability tests wereperformed at room temperature, and physical properties (odor and color) and pH values of suspensions were evaluated.Results: The oral suspensions of DTZ were white and had a drug-like odor, and the pH had significantly decreased during storage. Chemical stabilitytests of suspensions were performed at room temperature and 4Â°CÂ±2Â°C using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry.Conclusion: The concentrations of DTZ in oral suspensions fluctuated during the storage period, suggesting that the oral suspensions of DTZ arephysically stable but not chemically stable during storage.
HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYTICAL METHOD VALIDATION FOR GLUTARALDEHYDE AND BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE IN DISINFECTANTS
Authors: Maggadani Baitha Palanggatan , . Harmita , Isfadhila Maizura
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to produce a selective, accurate, and faster high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical methodfor benzalkonium chloride and glutaraldehyde in disinfectants using ultraviolet (UV)-visible detection.Methods: Glutaraldehyde has no chromophore, so it was first derivatized using 2,4 dinitro phenylhydrazine. Acetonitrile:water (75:25) was used asthe mobile phase for glutaraldehyde and acetonitrile-acetate pH 4 (75:25) for benzalkonium chloride, both at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The optimizedassay was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, selectivity, limit of quantitation (LOQ), and limit of detection (LOD).Results: The method was linear for benzalkonium chloride, with correlation coefficient of 0.9995, LOD of 14.55 ppm, and LOQ of 48.51 ppm. Thecorrelation coefficient for glutaraldehyde was 0.9995, with LOD of 0.49 ppm and LOQ of 1.64 ppm. Accuracy was between 98% and 102%, andprecision was below 2% for both the tests.Conclusion: The HPLC analytical method for benzalkonium chloride and glutaraldehyde in disinfectants using UV-visible detection in this researchwas successful to produce a selective, accurate, and faster method.
ISOLATION, PURIFICATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PORCINE SKIN COLLAGEN: ANALYSIS OF THE GLYCINE, PROLINE, AND HYDROXYPROLINE COMPONENTS USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Andayani Ayu Aditya , Harmita Harmita , Maggadani Baitha Palanggatan
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to produce collagen through the extraction and isolation of porcine skin.Methods: Collagen from porcine skin (Sus scrofa domesticus) was isolated, purified, and characterized. Major amino acid content of collagen (glycine,proline, and hydroxyproline) was determined. Samples were extracted with 0.5 N acetic acid and precipitated with 0.9 M NaCl. Characterization testsincluded those to determine the organoleptic content, pH, Fourier-transform infrared analysis, moisture content, ash content, viscosity, and Masson’strichrome staining on collagen tissue. The collagen was further analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography using C-18® column anda fluorescence detector at 265 nm and 320 nm, acetic buffer (pH 4.2)–acetonitrile (55:45) as mobile phase, and optimum flow rate of 0.8 mL/min.Results: Our findings indicated that the best method for isolating collagen was with 0.1 M NaOH expressed by average contents of glycine, proline, andhydroxyproline in collagen which were 33.663±0.215%, 12.333±0.128%, and 11.303±0.354%, respectively.Conclusion: Porcine collagen has been successfully obtained with this method.
PENTOXIFYLLINE IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS WITH BLOOD HYPERVISCOSITY
Authors: Rasyid Al , Harris Salim , Nurhayat Eny , Prihartono Joedo
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of pentoxifylline, a hemorrheologic agent, for treating acute ischemic stroke in patients with bloodhyperviscosity.Methods: Patients were randomly allocated within 3 days of stroke onset to study or control treatment. All the patients received the standard acuteischemic stroke treatment. The study treatment was intravenous pentoxifylline 1200 mg/day for 5 consecutive days and oral pentoxifylline 800 mgin two divided doses for 23 days. Blood viscosity was evaluated on days 7 and 30. The outcomes were assessed by the National Institutes of HealthStroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale, and Barthel index (BI) criteria.Results: The median baseline viscosity was 6.89 poise in the study and 6.46 poise in the control groups and had decreased in all the patients ondays 7 and 30. The decrease in the study group on day 7 (1.13 poise) was greater than that in the control group (0.57 poise); the difference was notsignificant. The NIHSS score improved by 32% in the study group (relative risk [RR]=1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.421–3.556; p=1.00). At1-month, 67% of the study group had a good functional outcome (RR=1.026, 95% CI: 0.656–1.605; p=0.909).Conclusion: Pentoxifylline decreased blood viscosity and improved clinical outcome in this patient series.
OPTIMIZATION OF ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE FERMENTATION CONDITIONS FOR KOJIC ACID PRODUCTION
Authors: Azzahra Adnina Fitra , Sukarna Dyah Karina Puspita , Suryadi Herman
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to obtain the optimal fermentation conditions for Aspergillus oryzae by gradually optimizing the medium andfermentation conditions.Methods: Fermentation condition were optimized by varying carbon and nitrogen sources, pH medium, temperature, and aeration condition. Levelsof kojic acid were determined using thin-layer chromatography-densitometry with an ultraviolet detector at a wavelength of 318 nm.Results: A combination of sucrose and yeast extract was chosen as the best source of carbon and nitrogen, respectively, from nine medium variations,producing 1.5425 g/L kojic acid. The optimum acidity of the medium was at pH 4.5, producing 1.7127 g/L of kojic acid, compared with pH 3.5 and5.5. Compared with fermentation at room temperature, fermentation at 35°C yielded greater kojic acid production. The best aeration condition was100 mL medium in 250 mL flask that produced the most kojic acid (1.6472 g/L).Conclusion: The optimal medium for fermentation of kojic acid using A. oryzae uses sucrose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources,respectively, at pH 4.5. The optimal aeration and incubation conditions were used, a volume of 100 mL in a 250 mL conical flask, incubated at 35°C,obtaining the highest yield value of 0.0370 g/g.
UNSUCCESSFUL DELIVERY OF TETRANDRINE FROM COLON-TARGETED DOSAGE FORMS COMPRISING ALGINATE/HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE AND ALGINATE–CHITOSAN BEADS
Authors: Iswandana Raditya , Mutia Metah Putri , Widyaningrum Farahia Khairina
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to optimize the formulations of antifibrotic tetrandrine beads using alginate and various concentrations ofhydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and chitosan.Methods: Beads were formulated with six (F1–F6) concentrations of polymer and were then characterized using scanning electron microscopy,differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction; these beads were used for measurements of moisture contents, swelling, and in vitro drugrelease.Results: Beads with the highest concentrations of HPMC and chitosan produced the highest entrapment efficiencies of 49.83% and 50.71%,respectively. Moreover, drug release under stomach conditions (HCl pH 1.2 medium) was restricted to 75.01%, 61.01%, 51.86%, 74.84%, 66.00%,and 41.63% with increasing HPMC and chitosan concentrations (F1–F6, respectively).Conclusion: Beads of all formulations showed inadequate retention of tetrandrine under pH conditions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and wouldlikely be unsuccessful as colon-targeted dosage forms.
VALIDATION METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF HYDROXYPROLINE FROM COLLAGEN UNDENATURED TYPE II COLLAGEN USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FLUORESCENCE
Authors: Maggadani Baitha Palanggatan , . Harmita , Lubnan Milza
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to validate an high-performance liquid chromatography method for analyzing undenatured Type II collagen preparationsusing a fluorescence detector.Methods: Based on the optimum analysis conditions, the compound was detected at an excitation wavelength of 255 nm and an emission wavelengthof 320 nm. The optimum mobile phase was determined to be acetate (pH 4.2) and acetonitrile (60:40) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Hydroxyprolineis a compound that does not have chromophore moiety; thus, it has to be derivatized first using 9-fluorenylmetoxycarbonyl-chloride.Results: The developed method was validated with linearity and an equation of y=3,249,704 x+141,945,072, with a value of r=0.9994. The detectedrange of hydroxyproline was 4–15 ppm. The limit of detection was determined to be 0.49, with an limit of quantitation of 1.64.Conclusion: Our results indicated that the average level of hydroxyproline was 98.66%, 99.12%, and 99.85%.
VALIDATION OF 6-MERCAPTOPURINE AND 6-THIOGUANINE IN DRIED BLOOD SPOT BY ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Harahap Yahdiana , Astrini Cheputri Rahma , Suryadi Herman
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aimed to obtain an optimal and validated method of analyzing 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) simultaneouslyin dried blood spot samples using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Method: Separation was performed with a 1.7-μm amide column, which had a mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min and comprised 0.2%formic acid in water, 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, and methanol with a gradient elution. Detection was performed using Waters Xevo TQD.Result: This method was linear with a range of 25–1000 ng/mL for 6-MP and 6-TG, with consecutive r values of ≥0.996 and ≥0.995, respectively. Theintra- and inter-day % difference value and coefficient of variation for the accuracy and precision were not more than 15% and 20%, respectively, ata concentration lower limit of quantitation.Conclusion: This method fulfilled the requirements of the European Medicines Agency guideline for validation.
The vowel /əː/ ao in Gaelic dialects
Authors: Lewin Christopher
Published: December 2018

This paper examines the development of the Old Irish diphthongs */ai/, */oi/, */ui/ in later varieties of the Gaelic languages. These are generally accepted to have merged as a single phoneme by the end of the Old Irish period (c. 900). In all modern varieties the regular reflex of this phoneme is a long monophthong, represented orthographically as . There are three main developments: (a) in southern Irish  has merged with /eː/ and/or /iː/; (b) in southern Scottish and Manx varieties  remains a mid-central vowel, may be fairly fronted and may perhaps have weak rounding; and there is merger between /əː/ representing  and reflexes of earlier */aɣ/; (c) in northern Scottish and northern Irish varieties  is realized as a high back unrounded vowel /ɯː/, which is contrastive with mid back unrounded /ɤː/ representing earlier */aɣ/ (these may merge with /iː/ and /eː/ in Ulster). Building on suggestions of earlier scholars, it is argued that it is the developments of */əː/ are explained by its anomalous position in the phonological system of earlier varieties of Gaelic, and its interactions with the palatalization contrast of the consonant system.
Effects of laryngeal features on vowel duration: implications for Winter’s Law
Authors: Sanker Chelsea
Published: December 2018

Vowels are longer before voiced than voiceless obstruents in many languages. Work on how this effect interacts with aspiration has been limited. This study presents data from Hindi and Telugu on vowel duration and other acoustic characteristics as influenced by following consonants. Hindi vowels were significantly longer before voiced stops than voiceless stops, with no significant effect of aspiration. Telugu vowels were only slightly longer before voiced than voiceless stops; more crucially, they were shorter before aspirated stops than unaspirated stops. The Telugu results provide a parallel demonstrating the phonetic plausibility of the sound change proposed in Winter’s Law, with vowel lengthening before voiced unaspirated stops but not before voiced aspirated stops in Proto-Balto-Slavic. While the exact processes causing the voicing and aspiration effects remain unclear, this data contributes to evaluating the phenomenon. Phonetic differences between in Hindi and Telugu may also suggest characteristics of how the Proto-Balto-Slavic stop contrasts were realized.
Transparency in Commodity-Rich Countries: Is State Ownership to Blame?
Authors: Valenza Domenico
Published: December 2018

Since the late 1990s, transparency has emerged as a major governance pillar helping resource-rich countries improve their performance and escape the resource curse. Within this debate, a few scholars have pointed to the correlation between ownership structure and transparency, and have argued that under state ownership, transparency should not be expected, as government officials refrain from strengthening institutions to retain their discretionary power.

This study attempts to challenge scholarly existing knowledge by comparing transparency performances in two resource-rich countries with similar ownership structures, Norway and Russia. To this end, it analyses data from the Revenue Governance Index (2017). Overall, such a correlation is not confirmed. While in some cases, state ownership can in fact generate greater opacity, the example of Norway confirms that retaining control can also enhance transparency. As a result, it is suggested to look attentively at the features of state ownership, and in particular, at countries’ institutional quality.
Sistema de Ensino Naval: uma experiência na pratica do ensino por competências
Authors: Mendonca Luiza De Sousa Ferreira de , Aguiar Natalia Morais Correa Borges , Dopcke Rosa Neira
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo aborda a experiencia do Curso de Formação de Marinheiros (MN) na Marinha do Brasil na concepcao de Curriculo por competencias. Tem como objetivo apresentar a metodologia de mapeamento das competencias e dos perfis profissionais sistematizados pelo itinerario formativo atinente à profissao do MN, para o exercicio de tarefas, atividades e funcoes da Forca. Para acompanhar esse processo de formação, foi adotado um calendario unificado de atividades nas quatro Escolas de Aprendizes-Marinheiros (EAM) e desenvolvida uma sistematica de avaliação que possibilite avaliar as competencias delineadas no curriculo por meio de provas padronizadas. Serao apresentados os resultados do desempenho academico dos alunos das quatro EAM e analisados, comparativamente, em relação ao desempenho da turma do ano anterior, indicando uma melhora do desempenho dos alunos e a evolução qualitativa da turma de 2017, apos  implementadas acoes em busca de uma formação continua e progressiva.
Editorial Note
Authors: Profumo Giorgia
Published: December 2018

The third issue of the journal “Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition” in
2018 is devoted to the issues of accounting standards, financial reporting, profit and loss contracts, IFRS, inside debt, CEO pay slice, executive compensation, incentives, organisational demography, board size, board leadership structure, CEO duality, sustainable development, environmental accounting etc.
Clinical characteristics of posterior segment penetrating eye injuries treated in tertiary referral hospital in Serbia
Authors: Kovacevic Igor , Radosavljevic Aleksandra , Karadzic Jelena , Stefanovic Ivan , Vukadinovic Jovana
Published: December 2018

Background/Aim. Ocular trauma is a significant cause of visual impairment worldwide. The aim of the study was to analyze clinical characteristics of patients with penetrating eye injuries with retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) in posterior segment of the eye. Methods. The retrospective study enrolled medical records of consecutive patients hospitalized in a five year period (2012?2016) in a tertiary referral center in Serbia. Surgical repair included pars plana vitrectomy and IOFB removal. Postoperative results were evaluated using the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results. Out of 130 patients who suffered penetrating eye injury with retained IOFB, 72 had IOFB in posterior segment of the eye (43 in retina, 25 in vitreous, 3 in ciliary body, 1 on the optic nerve). Patients were predominantly young adults (aged 44.3 ? 14.9 years, 97.2% men). Average BCVA at admission was poor (0.27 ? 0.38, measured by Snellen chart), and 52.8% of patients had BCVA of counting fingers at 1 meter or less. The majority of patients had corneal wound (70.8%), medium sized IOFB (48.6%), iris injury (61.1%) and traumatic cataract (69.4%). Complications included retinal detachment (16.7%) and endophthalmitis (15.3%). Two patients had the eye enucleated due to severe endophthalmitis, which could not be otherwise controlled. Significant risk factors for postoperative outcome were: initial BCVA (p < 0.001), ocular hypotony (p = 0.013), medium size of IOFB (p = 0.037), presence of traumatic cataract (p = 0.036), retinal detachment (p = 0.032) and endophthalmitis (p = 0.045). Conclusion. Treatment of posterior segment penetrating eye injuries remains a challenge due to high frequency of low initial visual acuity, retinal detachment and endophthalmitis, all of which are risk factors for poor visual outcome. Patients with better initial BCVA, normal intraocular pressure and small IOFB have better postoperative results.
Odunun Yüzey Pürüzlülüğünün ve Adezyon Direncinin Yapay Sinir Ağları ile Tahmini
Authors: ÖZŞAHİN Şükrü , SİNGER Hilal
Published: December 2018

Mobilya ve dekorasyon elemanlarının üretiminde kullanılan ağaç malzemelerin yüzey pürüzlülüğünün ve adezyon direncinin belirlenmesi, nihai ürünün kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi bakımından çok önemlidir. Bu makalede ilk olarak, odun türü, kesme yönü ve zımpara kağıdı türünün yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkilerini incelemek için yapay sinir ağı (YSA) ile yüzey pürüzlülüğü tahmin modeli geliştirilmiştir. Daha sonra, vernik türü, odun türü, kesme yönü ve yüzey pürüzlülüğünün adezyon direnci üzerine etkileri YSA ile geliştirilen adezyon direnci tahmin modeliyle araştırılmıştır. En iyi performansa sahip tahmin modelleri istatistiksel ve grafiksel karşılaştırmalar yoluyla belirlenmiştir. YSA modellerinin kabul edilebilir sapmalarla oldukça tatmin edici neticeler elde ettiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmanın bulguları, deneysel araştırmalar için zaman, enerji ve maliyeti azaltmak amacıyla mobilya ve dekorasyon endüstrisinde etkili bir şekilde uygulanabilir.
Factores de permanencia empresarial de las microempresas del sector comercio de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco / Factors of Business Permanence of the Microenterprises of the Commerce Sector of Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco
Authors: Becerra Bizarrón Manuel Ernesto , Cortes Palacios Elba Martina
Published: December 2018

En la actualidad el ambiente empresarial es muy dinámico e incierto. Ambos factores han obligado a las empresas a desarrollar e implementar estrategias más efectivas en sus áreas funcionales, enfocadas en aspectos como el crecimiento, la responsabilidad social y la innovación. Sin embargo, las que se encuentran más vulnerables y con mayor incertidumbre para enfrentar estos cambios son las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes). Puesto que, a pesar de representar el motor de la economía y generación de empleos, carecen ya sea de utilidades, planeación o competitividad, lo que, en muchos casos, provoca su cierre incluso antes de cumplir los cinco años de operación.El presente artículo tiene la finalidad de mostrar estrategias que permitan incidir en el crecimiento empresarial mediante el análisis de los factores de permanencia de las microempresas del sector comercial de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. Para ello se determinó una muestra de 181 empresas y se les aplicó un instrumento que constó de 13 factores y 47 ítems.Entre los resultados se encontró que los factores en los que se enfocan las empresas que tienen más de cinco años en el mercado son la diferenciación, la cohesión social y la identidad organizacional.
A presença da narrativa na instalação Ten Characters de Ilya Kabakov
Authors: Baschirotto Viviane
Published: December 2018

O texto estabelece relações entre a instalação Ten Characters do artista Ilya Kabakov (1933) com o conceito de narrador pensado por Walter Benjamin. Pensa sobre quais elementos envolvem a narrativa na obra de Ilya Kabakov, abordando o trabalho sob aspectos que envolvem uma narrativa que perpassa pela experiência de si e do outro, que é muitas vezes a fonte do narrador.  Reflete também sobre o recurso da narrativa na criação dos personagens do artista.
Os leitores-autores de Fanfictions na Internet
Authors: Reis Fabíola Do Socorro Figueiredo dos
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho se propõe a apresentar e analisar o fenômeno da autoria na internet, tendo como foco de estudo do leitor-autor, mais especificamente, de um autor que foi uma vez leitor de uma história original e que assume a função de continuar a história (do ponto em que a deixou seu primeiro criador) ou de reescrevê-la de forma a agradar a si mesmo e/ou a outros leitores eventuais. São leitores que gostam de uma história e de uma hora para outra começam a utilizar personagens de outros autores em suas próprias histórias e publicá-las na internet, interagindo com outros leitores através de comentários por capítulo publicado.  Como uma vez afirmou Roland Barthes (2004), o escritor sempre será um imitador de escritos anteriores à sua época, mas nunca original.
Narrativas de resistência: o não-lugar, o enfrentamento as diferenças, a não-visão única de mundo em contos de Chimamanda Adichie
Authors: Sylvestre Fernanda Aquino
Published: December 2018

Nos contos A coisa à volta do teu pescoço e Uma experiência privada, Chimamanda Adichie leva seus leitores a contemplar dois mundos: o da Nigéria e o dos Estados Unidos. Na primeira narrativa, a escritora aborda a experiência de uma nigeriana na América, vista como um sonho, e mostra como é habitar esse não-lugar e resistir a ele. No segundo conto, Adichie leva o leitor a experienciar as diferenças de duas mulheres africanas: uma cristã e outra muçulmana. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é abordar como as personagens femininas das histórias escolhidas constroem suas identidades, como superam as dificuldades do não-lugar em que se encontram e, ainda, como rompem com os discursos únicos e pré-concebidos que permeiam o mundo contemporâneo face à tradição.
Identification of districts at risk of nutrient-related diseases based on the local diet
Authors: Samodurova NYu , Mamchik NP , Istomin AV , Klepikov OV , Sokolenko GG
Published: December 2018

The growing incidence of nutrient-related diseases is a global challenge. The aim of this work was to study consumption of staple food products and to estimate the incidence of nutrient-related diseases in Voronezh region. Food consumption was analyzed from the reports of the local branch of the Federal State Statistics collected over two 5-year periods (1995–1999 and 2012–2016). The incidence of nutrient-related diseases was estimated based on the reports providing information about patients’ visits to healthcare facilities. The districts of Voronezh region were assigned to 5 ranks. Over the studied periods, the population of Voronezh region considerably changed its diet: consumption of fish and seafood, fresh fruits, meat, vegetables, gourds and melons, eggs, vegetable oil, milk and dairy products per person increased significantly. At the same time, consumption of sugar, breads and potatoes still exceeds the recommended intake 1.42-2.04-fold, which means that the main component of the diet is carbohydrates. We observed a significant 4.5-fold increase in obesity incidence, a 1.8-2.0-fold increase in the incidence of anemia and endocrine disorders and a 1.2 increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases. In terms of prevention measures, the priority should be given to areas at a high risk of nutrient-related diseases.
Physiological indicators of schoolchildren of 7–12 years of age peculiar to mental arithmetic sessions combined with attention switching physical exercises
Authors: Gorelik VV , Filippova SN , Knysheva TP
Published: December 2018

Present day education routines subject schoolchildren to considerable loads associated with studying. This research effort aimed to study the effect attention switching physical exercises (the type peculiar to the mental arithmetic curricula) have on heart rate, adaptation abilities, stress resistance, higher mental functions and conditioned reflex activity of children. Examining 124 schoolchildren aged 7–9 and 10–12 years, we applied the pedagogical experiment method that includes benchmarking, formation and control stages, as well as a number of psychological methods: short-term, associative and image memory diagnostics; Bourdon-Wiersma test; search for logical solutions; evaluation of motor skills. Varicard 2.51 was used to assess functions of the cardiovascular system and other physiological state indicators. At the benchmarking stage, we discovered the differences in higher mental functions conditioned by age and gender. Girls aged 7–9 had their memory, attention, ideation indicators 20–40% higher than boys of the same age. Boys aged 10–12 had their higher mental functions developed 10–30% better than girls of the same age. At the formation stage, we registered the optimizing effect attention switching physical exercises have on information processing speed and memorizing effectiveness: corresponding indicators increased 1.5–2 times (7–9 y.o., both genders) and 1.2–1.5 times (10–12 y.o., both genders), accordingly. It was concluded that adding the attention switching physical exercises to mental arithmetic curricula makes training sessions more effective.
Targeted sequencing in patients with clinically diagnosed hereditary lipid metabolism disorder and acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Averkova AO , Brazhnik VA , Speshilov GI , Rogozhina AA , Koroleva OS , Zubova EA , Galyavich AS , Tereshenko SN , Boyeva OI , Zateyshchikov DA
Published: December 2018

The actual prevalence of genetic variants causing familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in every population remains unknown. The aim of this work was to determine the spectrum of pathogenic variants in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and clinically diagnosed FH using targeted sequencing. We selected 38 patients with ACS from the sample of 2,081 participants of two multicenter observational studies (2004–2007; 2014–2016) who had a clinical diagnosis of FH based on the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network score and Simon Broome criteria. The men and women included in the study were ≤ 55 and ≤ 60 years of age, respectively. Molecular genetic screening was done by targeted next-generation sequencing. We started by sequencing 3 genes associated with FH, including LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9. If no relevant variants were detected, the panel was expanded. Of 38 patients, 24 (63.2%) were shown to have mutations that could cause clinical manifestations of FH and premature coronary artery disease. All patients were heterozygous carriers. Mutations were detected in three “classic” genes LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 associated with FH, as well as in other genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as APOE, ABCA1, ABCG5, ABCG8, LPL, ANGPTL3, and MTTP. Five variants detected in our study sample had not been described previously: the pathogenic p.Val273_Cys313del variant of the LDLR gene, the likely pathogenic p.Arg160His variant in the APOE gene, two variants of uncertain significance p.Glu612Lys and c.*415G>A in the PCSK9 gene, and the mutant variant p.Ala776Ser in the LDLR gene. We conclude that the use of clinical diagnostic criteria in patients with ACS and FH enables identification of carriers of both “classic” mutations associated with FH and rare genetic variants that can be phenotypically expressed as FH.
Investigation of the level of DNA double-strand breaks and mechanisms of cell death under irradiation of lung cancer and melanoma cells with ultra-high dose rate photon radiation
Authors: Kulinich TM , Krastelev EG , Bykov YuA , Smirnov VP , Shishkin AM , Ivanov AV , Bozhenko VK
Published: December 2018

Research into the effects of radiation delivered at ultrahigh dose rates > 1 × 107 Gy/min to biological objects is a new promising area of radiobiology. The unique characteristics of the high-current nanosecond electron accelerator Mir-M enable its use in medical and biological research, specifically in the experiments aimed at investigating the effect of therapeutic doses at a dose rate up to 100 MGy/s. In this work we study the effects of ultrahigh dose rate photon radiation on human lung carcinoma (A549) and melanoma (MelMtp-x) cells lines and compare them with those of the therapeutic gamma unit Rokus-AM. We show that ultrahigh dose rates induce more significant damage in the studied cell lines at doses between 2 and 7 Gy, radioresistant melanoma being more sensitive to photon radiation delivered at ultrahigh dose rates.
Instrumental palpation in endoscopic renal surgery: case reports and analysis
Authors: Solodova RF , Tolstykh MP , Isaev TK , Trushkin RN , Vtorenko VI , Staroverov VM , Sokolov ME
Published: December 2018

Palpation is one of the classic examination methods in open surgeries. In minimally invasive surgery, intra-operational manual palpation is impossible to use for assessing tactile characteristics of tissues. In Russia, the only available instrument for intra-operational assessment and objective registration of tissue visco-elastic properties is the Medical Tactile Endosurgical Complex (MTEC). The aim of this work was to study the performance of MTEC in renal surgery. The study was performed during nine elective laparoscopic surgeries for clear cell renal carcinoma and simple renal cysts. We have found several differences in the use of MTEC in renal surgery, as compared to its use in gastrointestinal or lung surgeries. The key factor determining these differences was the inverse relations between tissue visco-elastic properties: the studied tumors were softer than the surrounding tissue. Detection of intraparenchymal tumors by tactile methods was impossible. For surface tumors, in one case out of nine it was possible to strictly locate the border of the tumor by tactile examination. We were able to quantitatively assess and determine the difference in hardness of tumors and intact tissue using MTEC. This allows studying the prognostic value of objectively registered tactile characteristics of renal tumors.
Perubahan Pola Permukiman Orang Laut Suku Duano
Authors: Azhari Ichwan , Sihite Onggal , Tanjung Ida Liana
Published: December 2018

This paper examines changes in Orang Laut settlements in two villages namely Tanjung Solok Village and Jambi Province Fisheries Village. Changes occurred from settlements on boats in the sea to settlements inside houses in the village. The research method used is an ethnographic research method whose characteristics are "researching informants - as subjects of research-in their daily environment". The researcher and the object under study interact intensely through in-depth observation of the object in accordance with the research objectives. In the two villages studied, the facts of the changes that have taken place over the past 30 years have been found, due to the incessant government programs to "settle" the Sea People to the mainland. Changes in the lives of the Orang Laut in the new and permanent villages have caused the loss of traditional knowledge of the Orang Laut in the maritime field. They changed from the Sea People who lived in a sea that was modest and full of wisdom to the sea and coastal ecosystems to become Sea People who lived on land with complex life, carried by the current of modernization and exploiting and destroying marine and coastal ecosystems.
Peranan Lingkungan Sosial terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Peduli Lingkungan Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi di Universitas Samudra Langsa
Authors: Mustika Fitria , Sahudra Tengku Muhammad
Published: December 2018

This study aims to determine the role of the family, community, and tertiary environment towards the formation of caring character in the geography education student environment. The output of this study was a four-indexed indexed education journal and a UNIMED google scolar. Samples from the study population were 20 respondents with 30 items about questionnaires. The time of the study starts from May 2018 to October 2018. The measurement scale in this study is the scale of the briquette. Data collection by means of library studies, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaire questionnaires and interviews. Based on the results of questionnaire data processing, the family environment has a very high frequency in the formation of character of the student's environmental care with an achievement level of a total score of 91%. Furthermore, the role of the campus environment also has a high frequency in the formation of the character of the student's environmental care with a total score of 89%. Whereas the family environment has a low frequency in the formation of character of student environmental care with a total score of 57%. It can be concluded that the family environment has the most role in forming the character of the student's environmental care.
Analisis Pelayanan Kartu Tanda Penduduk Elektronik untuk Meningkatkan Validitas Data Kependudukan
Authors: Lubis Maksum Syahri
Published: December 2018

Government is an organization that protects and serves the entire community in its territory. Thus, service and accountability are worth giving for the welfare of society. The Electronic Population Identity Card (E-KTP) program that is being run has encountered many problems including the process of recording data that has not touched all levels of society and its printing for those who have been recorded constrained because the blanks have run out and have not received supplies from the central government. This study is a descriptive study that uses qualitative methods with normative sociological and empirical juridical approaches. The results of the discussion stated that indeed data recording carried out by the government to date does not reflect the reality in the field. Thus, the government is required to do a data re-tape and provide E-KTP blanks according to regional government data promptly.
Autism Spectrum Disorder in Aotearoa New Zealand: Strategies for teachers.
Authors: Baines Penelope , Yates Anne
Published: December 2018

According to Autism New Zealand (n.d.) there are approximately 65,000 New Zealanders with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).  Despite this prevalence, Goodall (2014) notes that “…teachers are still on a long journey to full acceptance of students on the autism spectrum as learners with potential” (p. 133).  This is concerning as one of the principles that form the foundation of the New Zealand Curriculum (NZC) (Ministry of Education, 2007) is inclusion.  The NZC states these principles “embody the beliefs about the nature of the educational experience and the entitlement of the student” (p. 37) and Te Kete Ipurangi (n.d.) describes inclusive education as all children and young people being engaged and achieving through participating, learning and belonging.  These principles, in addition to the prevalence of people with ASD in New Zealand, mean that teachers must possess an understanding of ASD as well as knowledge of teaching strategies to assist these learners.
An ethical teacher
Authors: O'Neill John Gerard
Published: December 2018

No abstract
Percepción del profesorado y el alumnado sobre la aplicación HIIT en Educación Física. Modelo de Educación Deportiva vs Metodología Tradicional
Authors: Segovia Domínguez Yessica , Gutiérrez Díaz-del-Campo David
Published: December 2018

Los buenos resultados del trabajo de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) y ejercicios funcionales en el ámbito extraescolar han suscitado interés sobre el modo de introducirlos en Educación Física (EF). El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el potencial del Modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED) con contenidos relacionados con la condición física y analizar la adecuación del sistema de trabajo HIIT y ejercicios funcionales en EF. Para ello, se analizó la percepción de alumnado (n=205) y docentes (n=4) de Educación Primaria (EP) y Educación Secundaria (ES) a partir de una unidad didáctica desarrollada con el MED (n=106) y otra con metodología tradicional (n=99). Se midió la percepción de los docentes mediante auto-informes y la percepción del alumnado a través de grupos de discusión (n=30). Los datos se analizaron siguiendo las 5 fases propuestas por Yin (2011). Los resultados mostraron congruencia en la percepción del MED con la literatura y la percepción positiva, tanto de estudiantes como docentes, del sistema HIIT y ejercicios funcionales. En conclusión, el MED podría tener un potencial educativo similar al presentado con los juegos deportivos, y el HIIT se muestra adecuado como alternativa al trabajo tradicional de la condición física en EF.
Tempo sedentário e dimensões psicossociais nos idosos: revisão acerca da medição, associações com a saúde e determinantes
Authors: Ramalho André , Petrica João , Rosado António
Published: December 2018

Nesta revisão, analisamos a literatura atualizada para identificar as suas lacunas e desenvolver recomendações de futuras investigações acerca do tempo sedentário e o envelhecimento saudável. A revisão abrangeu os seguintes tópicos: (1) clarificar as definições operacionais do tempo sedentário utilizadas no contexto da investigação em saúde psicossocial com os idosos; (2) resumir as evidências acerca da relação entre o tempo sedentário e a saúde psicossocial da população idosa e (3) apresentar as evidências empíricas acerca dos determinantes psicossociais do tempo sedentário dos idosos. Foi desenvolvida uma estratégia de pesquisa de literatura revista por pares. Os resultados mostram que os estudos utilizam diferentes definições operacionais de tempo sedentário, dificultando a progressão da investigação neste campo. As evidências indicam que o tempo sedentário pode contribuir para a deterioração do bem-estar psicossocial da população idosa; mas os resultados também mostram que o tempo sedentário pode ser benéfico para a saúde psicossocial. No que respeita aos determinantes psicossociais do tempo sedentário dos idosos, as evidências ainda são escassas, sendo necessário mais investigação.
El exceso de tiempo sedentario constituye un importante factor de riesgo para la salud biopsicosocial de los ancianos. En esta revisión, analizamos la literatura actualizada para identificar sus lagunas y desarrollar recomendaciones de futuras investigaciones acerca del tiempo sedentario y el envejecimiento saludable. El examen abarcó los siguientes temas: (1) aclarar las definiciones operacionales de tiempo sedentario que se utilizan en el contexto de la investigación sobre la salud psicosocial de los ancianos; (2) resumir las evidencias acerca de la relación entre el tiempo sedentario y la salud psicosocial de la población anciana y (3) presentar las evidencias empíricas acerca de los determinantes psicosociales del tiempo sedentario de los ancianos. Se desarrolló una estrategia de pesquisa de literatura revisada por pares. Los resultados muestran que los estudios utilizan diferentes definiciones operativas de tiempo sedentario, dificultando la progresión de la investigación en este campo. Las evidencias indican que el tiempo sedentario puede contribuir al deterioro del bienestar psicosocial de la población anciana; sin embargo, también muestran que el tiempo sedentario puede ser beneficioso para la salud psicosocial. Respeto a los determinantes psicosociales del tiempo sedentario de los ancianos, las evidencias todavía son escasas, siendo necesaria más investigación.
La política exterior del tercer gobierno peronista en la Argentina (1973-1976):
Authors: Miguez Maria Cecilia
Published: December 2018

El tercer gobierno peronista incluyó la sucesión de cuatro mandatos presidenciales –Héctor Cámpora, Raúl Lastiri, Juan Domingo Perón y María Estela Martínez de Perón (indistintamente Isabel Perón)- en el lapso de tres años. Fue escenario de profundas contradicciones políticas internas en un complejo mapa continental y mundial. Al mismo tiempo se trató de un gobierno prolífico en términos de la política exterior. Varios de los trabajos que abordan este período y que constituyen insumos fundamentales de este análisis, han puesto el énfasis en distinguir elementos de quiebre y/o de continuidad dentro de cada uno de los mandatos, y respecto de los gobiernos precedentes y de los posteriores. En este artículo queremos recuperar el entramado histórico para observar el devenir de las contradicciones abiertas en 1973. El trabajo se propone abordar el período desde su complejidad, para dilucidar la imbricación de conflictos políticos, económicos e internacionales, donde aparecen contradicciones, yuxtaposiciones y permanencias. Consideramos que los conceptos aplicados para clasificar la política exterior del período, en el afán de categorizar y comparar, pueden alejarnos de la comprensión de las variables y circunstancias condicionantes de las tomas de decisiones. Por ello, recuperamos la importancia de la Historia en el campo de las Relaciones Internacionales.
¿Qué ha pasado con la cooperación internacional para la participación de las OSC colombianas?
Authors: Marin-Aranguren Erli Margarita
Published: December 2018

En este artículo se recoge un trabajo de investigación que busca alejarse de la tradicional mezcla de ayuda oficial al desarrollo (AOD) y Cooperación Internacional (CI), para mostrar el comportamiento de los donantes/oferentes para el robustecimiento de la democracia, vía el fortalecimiento de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil (OSC). Esto con el fin de encontrar: ¿qué ha pasado con la cooperación internacional para la participación de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil colombiana? La realidad es que, si bien hay apuestas para su fortalecimiento, es poco lo que se conoce. Esta investigación encuentra que las OSC contribuyen al establecimiento de un diálogo público, al refuerzo de la veeduría, el control social y la participación política. Del lado de los cooperantes, se encontró que las agencias de cooperación internacional son generadoras de un entorno habilitante favorable para las OSC. De hecho, descubren nuevos roles para ellas.
La Integridad e independencia del Poder Judicial como garantía frente a la amenaza del Crimen Organizado Transnacional
Authors: Feo Valero Jordi , Herencia Carrasco Salvador
Published: December 2018

A través del presente artículo se ha llevado a cabo un análisis sobre los instrumentos de las Naciones Unidas existentes para el tratamiento del crimen organizado transnacional y la corrupción. De esta forma se pretende poner de manifiesto una serie de elementos que podrían ser de utilidad de cara a los resultados de la VIII Cumbre de las Américas, centrada en la corrupción y la gobernabilidad democrática. Si bien es necesario aumentar la cooperación internacional, las reformas legales e institucionales de los Estados están rezagadas frente a las distintas manifestaciones de esta criminalidad, por lo que se debe buscar otros medios más expeditos que permitan una respuesta por parte de las autoridades.