bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kształtowanie bezpieczeństwa
i higieny pracy w przedsiębiorstwie
a cechy kultury organizacyjnej
Authors: Cierniak-Emerych Anna
Published: August 2017

W opracowaniu przybliżono relacje zachodzące pomiędzy podnoszeniem poziomu
bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy (bhp) w przedsiębiorstwie a kształtowaniem kultury
organizacyjnej, w tym kultury bhp. Odnosząc się do wyników badań empirycznych
zidentyfikowano podejście do zagadnienia bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy w przedsiębiorstwach
zlokalizowanych na ternie Dolnego Śląska. Szczególną uwagę zwró-
cono przy tym na cechy kultury organizacyjnej ujawnione w objętych badaniami
przedsiębiorstwach, rozpatrując je w kontekście kształtowania kultury bhp.
Charakterystyka kultury organizacyjnej
przedsiębiorstwa produkcyjnego
Authors: Drzewiecka Milena , Stasiuk Anna
Published: August 2017

W artykule autorki przedstawiły znaczenie zagadnień kultury organizacyjnej
z punktu widzenia funkcjonowania organizacji. Kultura organizacyjna jako jeden
z głównych czynników wpływa na funkcjonowanie pracowników w ramach przedsiębiorstwa,
co może przekładać się na ich działalność zawodową, stymulując
zaangażowanie w realizację obowiązków. W ramach przeprowadzonych badań
ankietą OCAI, autorki oceniły kulturę organizacyjną w jednym z wielkopolskich
przedsiębiorstw.
Rola kultury organizacyjnej w procesie
budowania przewagi konkurencyjnej
na przykładzie wybranych przedsiębiorstw
branży rolno-spożywczej
Authors: Wiater Mariola
Published: August 2017

Celem artykułu jest określenie roli kultury organizacyjnej w procesie uzyskiwania
przewagi konkurencyjnej. Inspiracją do podjęcia tego zagadnienia była zasobowa
koncepcja zarządzania strategicznego, zgodnie z którą umiejętności i zasoby, do
których należy kultura organizacyjna decydują o konkurencyjności organizacji.
Realizacja celu badawczego opierała się na badaniach empirycznych przeprowadzonych
w czterech przedsiębiorstwach z branży rolno-spożywczej w czerwcu
2011 r.
Employee Opinion Survey on Shaping Employee Loyalty
Authors: Bukowska Urszula
Published: August 2017

This article presents the nature of employee loyalty, focusing on its affective and behavioral aspects. Symptoms of loyalty are pointed out, with the reservation that the manifestation of the lack of loyalty that affects the employer the most is voluntary employee departures. In order to prevent them, steps are taken to recognize employee expectations. Several tools are used for this purpose, however, the research based on employee opinion survey is particularly effective.
Application of Innovative Financial Product
for Increase of Efficient Realization
of Leasing Operations
Authors: Ayupov Aidar A. , Medvedeva Olga E. , Flieger Michał
Published: August 2017

Contemporary organizations seek for new, innovative ways of building up
competitive advantage. One of them is financing operations using new forms racing.
Such a form is innovative leasing option which leaves the leaser the right to sell the
leased equipment to the leasing company, which in turn is obliged to buy it. This
way the risk for the company is smaller and the decisions to invest in such a way
are taken more easily. The article deepens the topic showing advantages of such
solutions to the companies.
System Approach Concept as Teaching Tool of Strategic Management Fundamentals
Authors: Gwiazda Aleksander
Published: August 2017

This paper presents the concept of a systemic approach in teaching the fundamentals of strategic management. Basing on the traditional typologies of organizations strategies the general map of strategies was proposed aiming to introduce students to the problems of strategy selection. As the tool for ordering the map of strategies the SWOT/TOWS matrix has been selected. The part of the particular strategies has been taken from typologies of Porter, Bowman and Ansoff. Basing on these typologies two versions of the map of strategies were developed. The first one includes 9 specific strategies and the other – 13. The strategies are grouped into four groups: aggressive strategies, conservative ones, competition ones and recovery ones. The developed maps of strategies allow more flexible analyzing of the strategy selection process and the relationship between them and their evolution.
Contemporary Challenges for Human Resource Management (Lithuanian Case)
Authors: Gražulis Vladimiras
Published: August 2017

The article discusses peculiarities of human resource management in the context of contemporary challenges, investigates relations between the elements of the internal environment and challenges for human resource management. The author of the article believes that scientific publications on human resource management still do not pay enough attention to certain elements of management process, i.e. proper systematization of organizational goals, perception of organizational management structures in the new environment, etc. Management practice of staff selection is characterized by the tendency of the organization to dominate, meanwhile the expectations of the candidate are very often sacrificed, and little interest is shown in the development of the sense of loyalty in new employees. The author acknowledges that due to ever-increasing competition organizations cannot ignore the changes that are happening, and on the basis of his researches he identifies the obstacles which hinder many Lithuanian organizations from participating in the contemporary process of changes. The article provides the author’s suggestions for the improvement of human resources management in the environment of Lithuanian organizations.
Barriers to Human Capital Development in Poland
Authors: Sienkiewicz Łukasz , Wojtczuk-Turek Agnieszka
Published: August 2017

The aim of the article is to present barriers to human capital development in Poland. The research was carried out on 941 respondents, from medium and large companies categorized as knowledge-intensive service (KIS), less-knowledge intensive service (LKIS) and production. The research indicates the following barriers: lack of financial resources, higher priority of other issues/projects/investments, lack of time for developmental actions, lack of consciousness of Board members and managers concerning the importance of development, lack of employees’ eagerness to learn, organizational culture resistant to change.
Zawieranie umów o udzielanie świadczeń zdrowotnych w zakładach opieki zdrowotnej
Authors: Matuszewska-Palacz Ewa
Published: August 2017

Artykuł dotyczy procesu zawierania umów o udzielenie zamówienia na świadczenia
zdrowotne, tzw. kontraktów w zakładach opieki zdrowotnej. Dokonano analizy przyczyn
rozwoju tej formy działalności leczniczej lekarzy, pielęgniarek i innego personelu medycznego
w dwóch aspektach. Pierwsze ujęcie dotyczy elastyczności zarządzania czasem pracy
i zasobami ludzkimi w zakładach opieki zdrowotnej. Z drugiej strony przedstawiono proces
zawierania umów kontraktowych jako wyraz wzrastającej konkurencyjności na rynku
usług medycznych. Dokonano próby oceny skutków rozwoju umów cywilnoprawnych dla
zarządzania systemem opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce. Praca zawiera również szczegółowy opis
procesu zawierania umów kontraktowych na przykładzie doświadczeń własnych Autorki.
Znaczenie etyki w relacjach biznesowych
Authors: BANACH EDYTA
Published: August 2017

Artykuł omawia kwestię coraz większego znaczenia etyki w relacjach biznesowych, czyli
szeroko pojętych stosunkach zachodzących między przedsiębiorstwem a interesariuszami
zewnętrznymi. Autorka podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie motywy stoją
za deklarowaniem uznawania etyki jako wartości fundamentalnej w przedsiębiorstwach,
promowaniem jej poprzez różnego rodzaju programy etyczne oraz czy deklaracje przedsiębiorstw
w tym zakresie mają odzwierciedlenie w rzeczywiści. W artykule przedstawiono
badania, które na ten temat przeprowadzono wśród przedsiębiorstw.
Entrepreneurship and Education – Similarities and Differences between Entrepreneurs, Managers and Leaders
Authors: Postuła Agnieszka , Brzozowska Agnieszka
Published: August 2017

The role of universities in shaping entrepreneurial attitude and skills is very important. So it is crucial for higher education to develop teaching methods, which will be helpful in this whole process and will allow to train the most valid competences. The following article is a discussion in which direction development of such a program of teaching could go and which elements of learning process are crucial for management education. In this study we based on interviews conducted with students from different years of studies, managers and alumni. We distinguished which competences are the most useful among managers, leaders and entrepreneurs and discussed methods of teaching.
Partycypacja w wyborach parlamentarnych w latach 1989–2047 w kontekście zmiany społeczno-demograficznej w Polsce
Authors: Zawadzki Wojciech
Published: August 2017

As a result of the social and demographic changes, including the ageing population, expansion of higher education and growing wealth, the higher voter turnout in the parliamentary elections may be expected in the future. Although since 1989 the core variables determining the electoral participation, which are sex, educational level, income, professional status, place of residence, frequency of religious practices have still been the same, the voters’ profiles reveal that the relationships between them are changing. Compared to the previous years, different variables are gaining significance. Education is becoming less important, whereas the role of the financial situation as a factor contributing to the voter turnout is increasing. However, the change of the voters’ profile does not lead to marginalization of groups who usually take part in elections less frequently. The differentiation in the impact on the choice of parliamentary representatives, measured by the concentration ratios, is weakening. The reasons can be sought not only in the voting habit being established, but also in the social and demographic changes.
Logika władzy absolutnej. Recenzja książki Wolfganga Sofsky’ego,
Ustrój terroru: Obóz koncentracyjny, przeł. Małgorzata Łukasiewicz
(Warszawa: Żydowski Instytut Historyczny, 2016)
Authors: Nijakowski Lech M.
Published: August 2017

-
Analysis of Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 in Infant and Adult Nutritional Formulas by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Multilaboratory Testing Study
Authors: Gill Brendon D , Indyk Harvey E
Published: August 2017

A multilaboratory testing study was conducted on AOAC First Action Method 2016.05 “Analysis of Vitamin D2and Vitamin D3in Fortified Milk Powders, Infant Formulas, and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formulas by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.” Nine laboratories participated in the analysis of duplicate samples of 20 nutritional products. The samples were saponified at high temperature with lipid-soluble components extracted into isooctane; an aliquot was washed and vitamin D derivatized with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione to form a high-molecular mass, easily ionizable adduct, extracted into acetonitrile and analyzed by reversed-phase LC-tandem MS. Stable isotope-labeled internal standards were used for quantitation to correct for losses in extraction and variation in derivatization and ionization efficiencies. Acceptable precision as RSD was demonstrated; repeatability ranged from 1.9 to 5.8% RSDr and reproducibility values ranged from 6.4 to 12.7% RSDR, with samples meeting the precision limits specified in the vitamin D Standard Method Performance Requirements and the guidelines recommended for the Horwitz ratio. Method accuracy was assessed using NIST 1849a Standard Reference Material, with a P-value of 0.32, indicating an absence of bias against the certified value. As expected, placebo samples not fortified with vitamin D returned negligible results.
A new species of freshwater flatworm (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dendrocoelidae) inhabiting a chemoautotrophic groundwater ecosystem in Romania
Authors: Stocchino Giacinta Angela , Sluys Ronald , Kawakatsu Mahasaru , Sarbu Serban Mircea , Manconi Renata
Published: August 2017

We report the description of a new species of freshwater flatworm of the genus Dendrocoelum inhabiting the chemoautotrophic ecosystem of Movile Cave as well as several sulfidic wells in the nearby town of Mangalia, thus representing the first planarian species fully described from this extreme biotope. The species was also found in non-sulfidic wells localized in villages in the vicinity of the cave with a total of nine examined populations. Dendrocoelum obstinatum Stocchino & Sluys, sp. nov. represents the first triclad being able to live in both sulfidic and non-sulfidic waters. Among the fauna of the Mangalia sulfidic ecosystem it is the only species found also outside of the current boundaries of the sulfidic aquifer. One possible explanation of this peculiar distribution is that the new species is limited to the old boundaries of the sulfidic aquifer. The latter became much smaller during the hydrogeological history of the region, so that D. obstinatum may be considered to be an indicator of the extension of the sulfidic aquifer in the past of the Mangalia region. In the context of a biogeographic discussion on the distribution of the genus Dendrocoelum we provide an annotated checklist of species reported from Romania.
Estrogen receptor coregulator binding modulators (ERXs) effectively target estrogen receptor positive human breast cancers
Authors: Raj Ganesh V , Sareddy Gangadhara Reddy , Ma Shihong , Lee Tae-Kyung , Viswanadhapalli Suryavathi , Li Rui , Liu Xihui , Murakami Shino , Chen Chien-Cheng , Lee Wan-Ru , Mann Monica , Krishnan Samaya Rajeshwari , Manandhar Bikash , Gonugunta Vijay K , Strand Douglas , Tekmal Rajeshwar Rao , Ahn Jung-Mo , Vadlamudi Ratna K
Published: August 2017

The majority of human breast cancer is estrogen receptor alpha (ER) positive. While anti-estrogens/aromatase inhibitors are initially effective, resistance to these drugs commonly develops. Therapy-resistant tumors often retain ER signaling, via interaction with critical oncogenic coregulator proteins. To address these mechanisms of resistance, we have developed a novel ER coregulator binding modulator, ERX-11. ERX-11 interacts directly with ER and blocks the interaction between a subset of coregulators with both native and mutant forms of ER. ERX-11 effectively blocks ER-mediated oncogenic signaling and has potent anti-proliferative activity against therapy-sensitive and therapy-resistant human breast cancer cells. ERX-11 is orally bioavailable, with no overt signs of toxicity and potent activity in both murine xenograft and patient-derived breast tumor explant models. This first-in-class agent, with its novel mechanism of action of disrupting critical protein-protein interactions, overcomes the limitations of current therapies and may be clinically translatable for patients with therapy-sensitive and therapy-resistant breast cancers.
Selective rab11 transport and the intrinsic regenerative ability of CNS axons
Authors: Koseki Hiroaki , Donegá Matteo , Lam Brian YH , Petrova Veselina , van Erp Susan , Yeo Giles SH , Kwok Jessica CF , ffrench-Constant Charles , Eva Richard , Fawcett James W
Published: August 2017

Neurons lose intrinsic axon regenerative ability with maturation, but the mechanism remains unclear. Using an in-vitro laser axotomy model, we show a progressive decline in the ability of cut CNS axons to form a new growth cone and then elongate. Failure of regeneration was associated with increased retraction after axotomy. Transportation into axons becomes selective with maturation; we hypothesized that selective exclusion of molecules needed for growth may contribute to regeneration decline. With neuronal maturity rab11 vesicles (which carry many molecules involved in axon growth) became selectively targeted to the somatodendritic compartment and excluded from axons by predominant retrograde transport However, on overexpression rab11 was mistrafficked into proximal axons, and these axons showed less retraction and enhanced regeneration after axotomy. These results suggest that the decline of intrinsic axon regenerative ability is associated with selective exclusion of key molecules, and that manipulation of transport can enhance regeneration.
Development of Bag-1L as a therapeutic target in androgen receptor-dependent prostate cancer
Authors: Cato Laura , Neeb Antje , Sharp Adam , Buzón Victor , Ficarro Scott B , Yang Linxiao , Muhle-Goll Claudia , Kuznik Nane C , Riisnaes Ruth , Nava Rodrigues Daniel , Armant Olivier , Gourain Victor , Adelmant Guillaume , Ntim Emmanuel A , Westerling Thomas , Dolling David , Rescigno Pasquale , Figueiredo Ines , Fauser Friedrich , Wu Jennifer , Rottenberg Jaice T , Shatkina Liubov , Ester Claudia , Luy Burkhard , Puchta Holger , Troppmair Jakob , Jung Nicole , Bräse Stefan , Strähle Uwe , Marto Jarrod A , Nienhaus Gerd Ulrich , Al-Lazikani Bissan , Salvatella Xavier , de Bono Johann S , Cato Andrew CB , Brown Myles
Published: August 2017

Targeting the activation function-1 (AF-1) domain located in the N-terminus of the androgen receptor (AR) is an attractive therapeutic alternative to the current approaches to inhibit AR action in prostate cancer (PCa). Here we show that the AR AF-1 is bound by the cochaperone Bag-1L. Mutations in the AR interaction domain or loss of Bag-1L abrogate AR signaling and reduce PCa growth. Clinically, Bag-1L protein levels increase with progression to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) and high levels of Bag-1L in primary PCa associate with a reduced clinical benefit from abiraterone when these tumors progress. Intriguingly, residues in Bag-1L important for its interaction with the AR AF-1 are within a potentially druggable pocket, implicating Bag-1L as a potential therapeutic target in PCa.
Mechano-dependent signaling by Latrophilin/CIRL quenches cAMP in proprioceptive neurons
Authors: Scholz Nicole , Guan Chonglin , Nieberler Matthias , Grotemeyer Alexander , Maiellaro Isabella , Gao Shiqiang , Beck Sebastian , Pawlak Matthias , Sauer Markus , Asan Esther , Rothemund Sven , Winkler Jana , Prömel Simone , Nagel Georg , Langenhan Tobias , Kittel Robert J
Published: August 2017

Adhesion-type G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs), a large molecule family with over 30 members in humans, operate in organ development, brain function and govern immunological responses. Correspondingly, this receptor family is linked to a multitude of diverse human diseases. aGPCRs have been suggested to possess mechanosensory properties, though their mechanism of action is fully unknown. Here we show that the Drosophila aGPCR Latrophilin/dCIRL acts in mechanosensory neurons by modulating ionotropic receptor currents, the initiating step of cellular mechanosensation. This process depends on the length of the extended ectodomain and the tethered agonist of the receptor, but not on its autoproteolysis, a characteristic biochemical feature of the aGPCR family. Intracellularly, dCIRL quenches cAMP levels upon mechanical activation thereby specifically increasing the mechanosensitivity of neurons. These results provide direct evidence that the aGPCR dCIRL acts as a molecular sensor and signal transducer that detects and converts mechanical stimuli into a metabotropic response.
A novel region in the CaV2.1 α1 subunit C-terminus regulates fast synaptic vesicle fusion and vesicle docking at the mammalian presynaptic active zone
Authors: Lübbert Matthias , Goral R Oliver , Satterfield Rachel , Putzke Travis , van den Maagdenberg Arn MJM , Kamasawa Naomi , Young Samuel M
Published: August 2017

In central nervous system (CNS) synapses, action potential-evoked neurotransmitter release is principally mediated by CaV2.1 calcium channels (CaV2.1) and is highly dependent on the physical distance between CaV2.1 and synaptic vesicles (coupling). Although various active zone proteins are proposed to control coupling and abundance of CaV2.1 through direct interactions with the CaV2.1 α1 subunit C-terminus at the active zone, the role of these interaction partners is controversial. To define the intrinsic motifs that regulate coupling, we expressed mutant CaV2.1 α1 subunits on a CaV2.1 null background at the calyx of Held presynaptic terminal. Our results identified a region that directly controlled fast synaptic vesicle release and vesicle docking at the active zone independent of CaV2.1 abundance. In addition, proposed individual direct interactions with active zone proteins are insufficient for CaV2.1 abundance and coupling. Therefore, our work advances our molecular understanding of CaV2.1 regulation of neurotransmitter release in mammalian CNS synapses.
Uncoupling evolutionary changes in DNA sequence, transcription factor occupancy and enhancer activity
Authors: Khoueiry Pierre , Girardot Charles , Ciglar Lucia , Peng Pei-Chen , Gustafson E Hilary , Sinha Saurabh , Furlong Eileen EM
Published: August 2017

Sequence variation within enhancers plays a major role in both evolution and disease, yet its functional impact on transcription factor (TF) occupancy and enhancer activity remains poorly understood. Here, we assayed the binding of five essential TFs over multiple stages of embryogenesis in two distant Drosophila species (with 1.4 substitutions per neutral site), identifying thousands of orthologous enhancers with conserved or diverged combinatorial occupancy. We used these binding signatures to dissect two properties of developmental enhancers: (1) potential TF cooperativity, using signatures of co-associations and co-divergence in TF occupancy. This revealed conserved combinatorial binding despite sequence divergence, suggesting protein-protein interactions sustain conserved collective occupancy. (2) Enhancer in-vivo activity, revealing orthologous enhancers with conserved activity despite divergence in TF occupancy. Taken together, we identify enhancers with diverged motifs yet conserved occupancy and others with diverged occupancy yet conserved activity, emphasising the need to functionally measure the effect of divergence on enhancer activity.
Regional differences
Authors: Yu Zhou , Chen Ting
Published: August 2017

The skin is a complex landscape containing regions in which hair follicles exhibit different types of behavior.
A new species ofScutellaria(Scutellarioideae, Lamiaceae) from Sichuan Province in southwest China
Authors: Zhao Fei , Liu En-De , Peng Hua , Xiang Chun-Lei
Published: August 2017

Scutellaria wuana, a new species discovered from a xeric valley in Muli County of Sichuan Province in southwest China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the new species shares similarities withS. mairei, but can be readily distinguished by a suite of morphological characters including a white-pubescent erect stem, conspicuous leaf petioles, and a yellow corolla with a trapeziform lower-middle lip lobe. The habitat and distribution ofS. wuanaare also distinctive. The position of the new species withinScutellariais examined in a phylogenetic context using the nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacers. Additionally, we examine leaf epidermal and pollen grain micromorphology of the new species and putative relatives.
Maternal influence on the variation of the reproductive cycle of Trisopterus luscus (Gadidae)
Authors: Alonso-Fernández A , Saborido-Rey F
Published: August 2017

It is well documented and accepted that the reproductive potential of a population is not only influenced by the abundance of spawners but also by their age, size, and condition. Most studies of maternal effects on the reproductive potential have focused on factors such as egg production and quality, and less attention has been paid to the maternal influence on the temporal variation of the reproductive cycle. The present study introduces and describes some possible sources of variation in the reproductive cycle of the pouting Trisopterus luscus in Galician coastal waters (northwestern Iberian Peninsula). The reproductive cycle of this species was adequately examined and defined, and seasonal variations in maternal characteristics, such as size and energy status (available energy reserves), were also studied. The reproductive cycle seems to be perfectly synchronized with changes in environmental variables that occur in the ecosystem, as reflected in the strong seasonality of the spawning period. The results showed a clear effect of size mainly on the duration of the spawning season, the spawning season of larger females beginning earlier and lasting longer than that of smaller individuals. The proportion of developing females is positively related to available energy reserves. On the other hand, energy reserves vary depending on the sexual cycle and are significantly negatively related to the proportion of females in spawning condition. The latter is an indicator of the dependence of the reproductive cycle of this species with previously stored energy reserves.
Analysis of the reproductive potential of two stocks of Engraulis anchoita in the Argentine Sea
Authors: Pájaro M , Leonarduzzi E , Hansen JE , Macchi GJ
Published: August 2017

Relative batch fecundity, spawning frequency, size at 50% maturity, sex ratio, and egg production were estimated for the Bonaerense and Patagonian Engraulis anchoita stocks. Samples were collected during 19 research surveys carried out over the main spawning seasons and areas of both groups from 1993 to 2008. Reproductive potential between stocks was compared by analyzing the length-class structure and considering environmental variations. Daily egg production varied between 0.2 × 107 and 7.3 × 107 oocytes and the mean annual value was higher for the Bonaerense than the Patagonian stock (2.9 × 107 and 0.54 × 107 oocytes, respectively; P < 0.019). In both stocks, larger size classes produced more oocytes than smaller and more abundant females. No correlation was observed between egg production and adult biomass and between egg production and age-1 recruits. Length at first maturity was lower for the Bonaerense than the Patagonian stock (100.3 and 119.8 mm total length, respectively; P < 0.001). Bonaerense and Patagonian spawning frequency estimates were 0.125 and 0.116 (statistically significant differences were not observed, P > 0.788), and mean relative batch fecundity values were 508 and 493 oocytes g–1 (P > 0.680), respectively. Mean annual relative batch fecundity values for the Bonaerense stock showed a negative trend (P < 0.016) in the period 1993–2008, coinciding with a 4 ºC increase in mean sea surface temperature in the area during the same period.
Integrating fish size, condition, and population demography in the estimation of Atlantic sardine annual fecundity
Authors: Nunes C , Silva A , Marques V , Ganias K
Published: August 2017

Spatial and temporal variability in reproductive parameters was studied in combination with population demography to estimate sardine (Sardina pilchardus) population annual fecundity, as an indicator of its reproductive potential. Samples collected from commercial landings were used to determine the monthly proportion of active females and the duration of the spawning season, while data obtained during the 2002, 2005, and 2008 Daily Egg Production Method surveys were used to analyze the relationship between reproductive parameters (batch fecundity, spawning fraction) and individual biological characteristics (length, gutted weight, condition) for the west and south coasts of Portugal by generalized linear models. Population abundances and biological characteristics obtained per length class during acoustic surveys were subsequently used to integrate individual egg production to population demography. At the individual level, results indicated that the duration of the reproductive season was size-dependent, being shorter for smaller sardines. Batch fecundity was positively related to body size and differed significantly between the years and areas studied, with higher values on the west coast and an increasing trend towards the 2007/2008 spawning season. Mean values of spawning fraction varied significantly with space and time but the poor explanatory relationship obtained by the modelling of the spawning fraction against the individual biological characteristics did not allow the clarification of the factors affecting sardine spawning activity. At the population level, the differences obtained in egg production were found to be related to changes in population abundances as well as to the demographic structure, as larger females contributed proportionally more to the population annual fecundity. These results are in accordance with numerous recent studies indicating that the population reproductive potential may not always be proportional to the spawning biomass.
Seasonal variability of copepods and cladocerans in Bahía de los Ángeles (Gulf of California) and importance of Acartia clausi as food for whale sharks
Authors: Lavaniegos BE , Heckel G , Ladron de Guevara P P
Published: August 2017

Bahía de los Ángeles is located on the Baja Californian coast of the Gulf of California, adjacent to Ballenas Channel. The bay receives a dynamic tidal influence from the channel but is protected by numerous islands. It is a highly productive bay that harbors a high diversity of species, some of them protected such as the whale shark (Rhincodon typus). This study describes the seasonal variability of major zooplankton taxa and copepod and cladoceran species between May 2003 and October 2004. Copepods were dominant during winter and spring (83–99% of the zooplankton abundance), experiencing a dramatic decrease in autumn 2003 (37–66%) and summer 2004 (25–45%). Cladocerans were the second most abundant group, represented by Pseudevadne tergestina and Penilia avirostris. The former species occurred year-round with low abundance in winter, whereas the latter occurred only in summer and autumn. Other holozooplankton taxa contributed with less than 15% of the abundance in most of the samples, while merozooplankton contributed less than 8%, though in October of 2003 and 2004 there was a remarkable abundance of echinoderms and other larvae contrasting with their shortage in other seasons. In winter 2004, temperate-subtropical copepod species dominated, such as Calanus pacificus and Acartia tonsa. The high abundance of copepods during spring obeyed to Acartia clausi (median = 28,034 ind m–3); however, the maximal zooplankton abundance (40,468 ind m–3, 99.5% copepods) came from a sample collected south of Punta Arena, where two whale sharks were observed foraging. The shift in species composition during summer coincides with the predominance of easterly winds described in the literature inducing a reversed circulation and a probable transport of tropical species into the bay during summer and autumn (Centropages furcatus, Subeucalanus subcrassus, Acrocalanus longicornis, Temora discaudata, and Corycaeus amazonicus).
Tracking senescence‐induced patterns in leaf litter leachate using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling and self‐organizing maps
Authors: Wheeler K. I. , Levia D. F. , Hudson J. E.
Published: August 2017

In autumn, the dissolved organic matter (DOM) contribution of leaf litter leachate to streams in forested watersheds changes as trees undergo resorption, senescence, and leaf abscission. Despite its biogeochemical importance, little work has investigated how leaf litter leachate DOM changes throughout autumn and how any changes might differ interspecifically and intraspecifically. Since climate change is expected to cause vegetation migration, it is necessary to learn how changes in forest composition could affect DOM inputs via leaf litter leachate. We examined changes in leaf litter leachate fluorescent DOM (FDOM) from American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) leaves in Maryland, Rhode Island, Vermont, and North Carolina and from yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) leaves from Maryland. FDOM in leachate samples was characterized by excitation‐emission matrices (EEMs). A six‐component parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model was created to identify components that accounted for the majority of the variation in the data set. Self‐organizing maps (SOM) compared the PARAFAC component proportions of leachate samples. Phenophase and species exerted much stronger influence on the determination of a sample's SOM placement than geographic origin. As expected, FDOM from all trees transitioned from more protein‐like components to more humic‐like components with senescence. Percent greenness of sampled leaves and the proportion of tyrosine‐like component 1 were found to be significantly different between the two genetic beech clusters, suggesting differences in photosynthesis and resorption. Our results highlight the need to account for interspecific and intraspecific variations in leaf litter leachate FDOM throughout autumn when examining the influence of allochthonous inputs to streams.
The influence of sulfur on the electrical resistivity of hcp iron: Implications for the core conductivity of Mars and Earth
Authors: Suehiro Sho , Ohta Kenji , Hirose Kei , Morard Guillaume , Ohishi Yasuo
Published: August 2017

Cosmochemical and geochemical studies suggest sulfur (S) as a light alloying element in the iron‐rich cores of telluric planets, but there is no report of sulfur's alloying effect on the electrical and thermal transport properties of iron (Fe); a subject that is closely related to the dynamo action and thermal evolution of planetary cores. We measured the electrical resistivity of hexagonal‐closed‐packed (hcp) structured Fe alloy containing 3 wt. % silicon (Si) and 3 wt. % S up to 110 GPa at 300 K. Combined with the reported resistivities of hcp Fe and hcp Fe‐Si alloy, we determined the impurity resistivity of S in a hcp Fe matrix at high pressures. The obtained impurity resistivity of S is found to be smaller than that of Si. Therefore, S is a weaker influence on the conductivity of Fe alloy, even if S is a major light element in the planetary cores.
Continuum cavity expansion and discrete micromechanical models for inferring macroscopic snow mechanical properties from cone penetration data
Authors: Ruiz Siul , Capelli Achille , van Herwijnen Alec , Schneebeli Martin , Or Dani
Published: August 2017

Digital cone penetration measurements can be used to infer snow mechanical properties, for instance, to study snow avalanche formation. The standard interpretation of these measurements is based on statistically inferred micromechanical interactions between snow microstructural elements and a well‐calibrated penetrating cone. We propose an alternative continuum model to derive the modulus of elasticity and yield strength of snow based on the widely used cavity expansion model in soils. We compare results from these approaches based on laboratory cone penetration measurements in snow samples of different densities and structural sizes. Results suggest that the micromechanical model underestimates the snow elastic modulus for dense samples by 2 orders of magnitude. By comparison with the cavity expansion‐based model, some of the discrepancy is attributed to low sensitivity of the micromechanical model to the snow elastic modulus. Reasons and implications of this discrepancy are discussed, and possibilities to enhance both methodologies are proposed.
Exploiting LF/MF signals of opportunity for lower ionospheric remote sensing
Authors: Higginson‐Rollins Marc A. , Cohen Morris B.
Published: August 2017

We introduce a method to diagnose and track the D region ionosphere (60–100 km). This region is important for long‐distance terrestrial communication and is impacted by a variety of geophysical phenomena, but it is traditionally very difficult to detect. Modern remote sensing methods used to study the D region are predominately near the very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) band, with some work also done in the high‐frequency and very high frequency bands (HF/VHF, 3–300 MHz). However, the frequency band between VLF and HF has been largely ignored as a diagnostic tool for the ionosphere. In this paper, we evaluate the use of 300 kHz radio reflections as a diagnostic tool for characterizing the D region of the ionosphere. We present radio receiver data, analyze diurnal trends in the signal from these transmitters, and identify ionospheric disturbances impacting LF/MF propagation. We find that 300 kHz remote sensing may allow a unique method for D region diagnostics compared to both the VLF and HF/VHF frequency bands, due to a more direct ionospheric reflection coefficient calculation method with high temporal resolution without the use of forward modeling.
Coordinated observations of two types of diffuse auroras near magnetic local noon by Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and ground all‐sky camera
Authors: Han D.‐S. , Li J.‐X. , Nishimura Y. , Lyons L. R. , Bortnik J. , Zhou M. , Liu J.‐J. , Hu Z.‐J. , Hu H.‐Q. , Yang H.‐G. , Fuselier S. A. , Le Contel O. , Ergun R. E. , Malaspina D. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Pollock C. J.
Published: August 2017

Structured diffuse auroras are often observed near magnetic local noon (MLN), but their generation mechanisms are poorly understood. We have found that two types of structured diffuse auroras with obviously different dynamical properties often coexist near MLN. One type usually drifts from low to high latitude with higher speed and shows pulsation. The other type is always adjacent to the discrete aurora oval and drifts together with nearby discrete aurora with much lower speed. Using coordinated observations from MMS and ground all‐sky imagers, we found that the two types of diffuse auroras are well correlated with number density increase of O+ (from the ionosphere) and of He2+ (from magnetosheath) ions, respectively. These observations indicate that mangetosheath particles penetrated into the magnetosphere also can play an important role for producing the dayside diffuse aurora. In addition, for the first time, electron cyclotron harmonic waves are observed associated with dayside diffuse aurora.
Episodic inflation events at Akutan Volcano, Alaska, during 2005–2017
Authors: Ji Kang Hyeun , Yun Sang‐Ho , Rim Hyoungrea
Published: August 2017

Detection of weak volcano deformation helps constrain characteristics of eruption cycles. We have developed a signal detection technique, called the Targeted Projection Operator (TPO), to monitor surface deformation with Global Positioning System (GPS) data. We have applied the TPO to GPS data collected at Akutan Volcano from June 2005 to March 2017 and detected four inflation events that occurred in 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2016 with inflation rates of about 8–22 mm/yr above the background trend at a near‐source site AV13. Numerical modeling suggests that the events should be driven by closely located sources or a single source in a shallow magma chamber at a depth of about 4 km. The inflation events suggest that magma has episodically accumulated in a shallow magma chamber.
Deep crustal melt plumbing of Bárðarbunga volcano, Iceland
Authors: Hudson T. S. , White R. S. , Greenfield T. , Ágústsdóttir T. , Brisbourne A. , Green R. G.
Published: August 2017

Understanding magmatic plumbing within the Earth's crust is important for understanding volcanic systems and improving eruption forecasting. We discuss magma plumbing under Bárðarbunga volcano, Iceland, over a 4 year period encompassing the largest Icelandic eruption in 230 years. Microseismicity extends through the usually ductile region of the Earth's crust, from 7 to 22 km depth in a subvertical column. Moment tensor solutions for an example earthquake exhibits opening tensile crack behavior. This is consistent with the deep (>7 km) seismicity being caused by the movement of melt in the normally aseismic crust. The seismically inferred melt path from the mantle source is offset laterally from the center of the Bárðarbunga caldera by ~12 km, rather than lying directly beneath it. It is likely that an aseismic melt feed also exists directly beneath the caldera and is aseismic due to elevated temperatures and pervasive partial melt under the caldera.
Septal protein SepJ from the heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena forms multimers and interacts with peptidoglycan
Authors: Ramos‐León Félix , Mariscal Vicente , Battchikova Natalia , Aro Eva‐Mari , Flores Enrique
Published: August 2017

Heterocyst‐forming cyanobacteria grow as filaments that can be hundreds of cells long. Proteinaceous septal junctions provide cell–cell binding and communication functions in the filament. In Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, the SepJ protein is important for the formation of septal junctions. SepJ consists of integral membrane and extramembrane sections – the latter including linker and coiled‐coil domains. SepJ (predicted MW, 81.3 kDa) solubilized from Anabaena membranes was found in complexes of about 296–334 kDa, suggesting that SepJ forms multimeric complexes. We constructed an Anabaena strain producing a double‐tagged SepJ protein (SepJ‐GFP‐His10) and isolated the tagged protein by a two‐step affinity chromatography procedure. Analysis of the purified protein preparation provided no indication of the presence of specific SepJ partners, but suggested that SepJ is processed to remove an N‐terminal fragment. Additionally, pull‐down experiments showed that His6‐tagged versions of SepJ and of the SepJ coiled‐coil domain interact with Anabaena peptidoglycan (PG). Our results indicate that SepJ forms multimers, that it interacts with PG, and that the coiled‐coil domain is involved in this interaction. These observations support the idea that SepJ is a component of the septal junctions that join the cells in the Anabaena filament.
Cytoskeletal Requirements duringArabidopsisTrichome Development
Authors: Beilstein Mark , Szymanski Dan
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Trichome Morphogenesis

ArabidopsisTrichome Development

ArabidopsisTrichome Morphogenesis

Genetics of Trichome Morphogenesis

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements
Infection with Potyviruses
Authors: Rajamäki Minna‐Liisa , Mäki‐Valkama Tuula , Mäkinen Kristiina , Valkonen Jari P.T.
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Infection Cycle (General Summary)

Architecture of Virions

Entry of Virions into the Cell, Disassembly and Assembly

Translation and Polyprotein Processing

RNASynthesis and Viral Genome Replication

Virus Movement

Induction of Symptoms

Transmission

Variability and Evolution

Acknowledgments
TheRalstonia Solanacearum–Plant Interaction
Authors: Boucher Christian , Genin Stéphane
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

The Pathogen

Molecular Studies of Pathogenicity Determinants

Acknowledgment
Fungal Pathogenesis in the Rice Blast FungusMagnaporthe Grisea
Authors: Xue Chaoyang , Li Lei , Seong Kyeyong , Xu Jin‐Rong
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Life Cycle ofMagnaporthe Grisea

Conidium Attachment and Germination

Appressorium Morphogenesis

Penetration

Infectious Growth and Lesion Formation

Conidiation

Genomics Studies

Future Perspectives
ThePhytophthora Infestans–Potato Interaction
Authors: van West Pieter , Vleeshouwers Vivianne G.A.A.
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

History of Late Blight

Economic and Social Impact ofPhytophthoraPlant Pathogens

Phytophthora Infestansand its Taxonomic Position

The Disease Cycle ofPhytophthora Infestans

The Plant Response

Future Perspectives

Acknowledgements
Polar Cell Growth and the Cytoskeleton Biology
Authors: Hussey Patrick J. , Deeks Michael J. , Hawkins Timothy J. , Ketelaar Tijs
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Role of the Cytoskeleton in Cell Expansion

Components of the Cytoskeleton

Conclusion
Mechanisms of Cell Polarity Establishment and Polar Auxin Transport
Authors: Molendijk Arthur J. , Tietz Olaf , Ruperti Benedetto , Paponov Ivan A. , Palme Klaus
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Root Hairs

RhoGTPases

Specific Gene Expression in Root Hair Formation

Does Rop Localise Secretion at the Future Bud Site?

PINProteins and Cell Polarity

Acknowledgements
Polarity in Single Cells: Root Hairs, Epidermal Pavement Cells and Trichomes
Authors: Falk Stefanie , Mathur Jaideep , Hülskamp Martin
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Three Steps to Single Cell Polarity

Root Hairs and Pollen Tubes

Epidermal Pavement Cells

Trichomes

Molecular Analysis of the Branching Genes Likely to be Involved in Polarity Establishment

Molecular Analysis of Branching Genes Likely to be Involved in Polarity Fixation

Molecular Analysis of the Genes Involved in Growth Directionality
From Polarity to Pattern: Early Development in Fucoid Algae
Authors: Brownlee Colin
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Photopolarization: Translating a Unidirectional Light Signal into Spatial Information

Downstream of Light Perception: Actin andCa2+

Polarization and the Cell Cycle

Polarized Signalling and Cell Fate in the Multicellular Embryo: Positional Information and Cell‐Cell Communication

Conclusions

Acknowledgements
Establishment of Polarity in Lateral Organs of Seed Plants
Authors: Bowman John L.
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Early Dissection Experiments

Next to the Meristem

In the Realm ofmicroRNAs

Away from the Meristem

From the Leaf Back to the Meristem

Phylogenetic Perspective

Acknowledgements
Polarity in Floral Development
Authors: Kieffer Martin , Davies Brendan
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Polarity in Inflorescence Architecture

Polarity of Flowers

Polarity of Floral Organs

Conclusion

Acknowledgements
The Genomic Era of Chloroplast Research
Authors: Leister Dario , Pesaresi Paolo
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Chloroplast Proteomics

Experimental Identification of the Chloroplast Proteome

Comparative Genome Analyses and Chloroplast Evolution

Mutants for Chloroplast Function

Transcriptomics

Acknowledgements
Robust optimization of VMAT for lung cancer: Dosimetric implications of motion compensation techniques
Authors: Archibald‐Heeren Ben R. , Byrne Mikel V. , Hu Yunfei , Cai Meng , Wang Yang
Published: August 2017

In inverse planning of lung radiotherapy, techniques are required to ensure dose coverage of target disease in the presence of tumor motion as a result of respiration. A range of published techniques for mitigating motion effects were compared for dose stability across 5 breath cycles of ±2 cm. Techniques included planning target volume (PTV) expansions, internal target volumes with (OITV) and without tissue override (ITV), average dataset scans (ADS), and mini‐max robust optimization. Volumetric arc therapy plans were created on a thorax phantom and verified with chamber and film measurements. Dose stability was compared by DVH analysis in calculations across all geometries. The lung override technique resulted in a substantial lack of dose coverage (−10%) to the tumor in the presence of large motion. PTV, ITV and ADS techniques resulted in substantial (up to 25%) maximum dose increases where solid tissue travelled into low density optimized regions. The results highlight the need for care in optimization of highly heterogeneous where density variations may occur with motion. Robust optimization was shown to provide greater stability in both maximum (<3%) and minimum dose variations (<2%) over all other techniques.