bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Hot-Electron Generation and Energy Transfer in Plasmonic Nanostructures with Hot Spots: Quantum and Classical Mechanisms
Authors: Govorov Alexander O.
Published: January 2022

Generation of energetic (hot) electrons is an intrinsic property of any plasmonic nanostructure under illumination. Simultaneously, a striking advantage of metal nanocrystals over semiconductors lies in their very large absorption cross sections. Therefore, metal nanostructures with strong and tailored plasmonic resonances are very attractive for photocatalytic applications in which excited electrons play an important role. However, the central questions in the problem of plasmonic hot electrons are the number of optically excited energetic electrons in a nanocrystal and how to extract such electrons. Here we develop a theory describing the generation rates and the energy distributions of hot electrons in nanocrystals with various geometries [1-4]. In particular, we show that nanostructures with strong and extended plasmonic hot spots generate unusually large numbers of energetic electrons, which can be observed using the ultra-fast transient spectroscopy [2,4] as well as photochemistry. Hot-electron generation together with non-radiative plasmonic transfer [5] represent efficient methods to transfer and localize optical and photo-chemical energies.

A.O. Govorov, H. Zhang, V. Demi, and Y. K. Gun’ko, Nano Today, 9, 85 (2014).

H. Harutyunyan, A. B. F. Martinson, D. Rosenmann, L.K. Khorashad, L.V.Besteiro, A.O.Govorov, and G.P. Wiederrecht, Nature Nanotechnology 10, 770–774 (2015).

L.V. Besteiro, X.-T. Kong, Z. Wang, G. V. Hartland, A.O. Govorov, ACS Photonics, DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00751 (2017).

M.E. Sykes, J. W. Stewart, G. M. Akselrod, X.-T. Kong, Z. Wang, D. J. Gosztola, A.B.F. Martinson, D. Rosenmann, M. H. Mikkelsen, A. O. Govorov, G. P. Wiederrecht, Nature Communications, 8, 986 (2017).

E.-M. Roller, L.V. Besteiro, C. Pupp, L. Khosravi Khorashad, A. O. Govorov, T.Liedl, Nature Physics, 13, 761-765 (2017).
(Invited) Ag-TiO2/Tiox Nanocomposites for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: DeLacy Brendan , Kuhn Danielle , Zander Zach
Published: January 2022

Sensitizing the surface of metal oxide semiconductors with plasmonic metal nanoparticles has been a prominent area of research in recent years. We report the growth of silver platelets on the surface of electrospun TiO2 and TiOx (white and black) nanofibers. Platelet geometry of silver is particularly attractive for maximizing absorption in the visible region. The tunable nature of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the visible region, via changes in the particle size and shape of the metal nanoparticle, is the driving force behind its use in improving visible light harvesting in the plasmonic/metal-oxide nanocomposites for improved photo-degradation efficiency. We have chosen to explore the impact of silver platelet on the “black” titania since its Ti3+ defects have been shown to exhibit remarkable activity under visible irradiation offering a potential solution to the band gap limitations of TiO2 by introducing mid-gap energy states. Further enhancement of photocatalytic activity could occur by the introduction of plasmonic Ag to a reduced Ti3+ states within the black titania. UV/Visible spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm the presence of anisotropic Ag formation on the surface of the TiO2 as well as the oxygen vacancies (Ti3+) in the fibers. Resulting composite materials where then used in visible light photocatalytic testing against chemical threats using a solar simulator as the source of irradiation and monitored using various analytical techniques.
Application of Precise Positioning for Sputum Expectoration in ICU Patients with Pulmonary Infection
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Mingyue , Li Weiwei
Published: January 2022

Objective. To determine the application value of precise positioning for sputum expectoration in intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalized patients with pulmonary infection (PI). Methods. A total of 183 patients with PI treated in the ICUs of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from June 2019 to June 2020 were divided into a control group (

n
=
91

) and an observation group (

n
=
92

), all of whom received conventional drug therapy. The control group was given routine nursing intervention, based on which, the observation group was supplemented with precise positioning for sputum expectoration. The 24-hour sputum volume, respiratory rate (RR), blood gas analysis indexes, inflammatory indicators, Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS), Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale score, and quality of life (36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, SF-36) were observed in both arms before and after intervention. The incidence of adverse reactions was counted. Results. The observation group showed better mMRC scores than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with the control group, the sputum volume, RR, and CPIS score were lower, and the SF-36 score was higher in the observation group 7 days after intervention (

P
<
0.05

). After intervention, the oxygen saturation (SaO2) and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) were higher, while the carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and leukocyte count were lower in the observation group compared with the control group (

P
<
0.05

). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two arms (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. The application of precise positioning for sputum expectoration in nursing intervention of ICU patients with PI can alleviate the severity of PI and dyspnea, reduce inflammatory reaction, and improve the quality of life of patients.
Integrative Analysis of Deregulated miRNAs Reveals Candidate Molecular Mechanisms Linking H. pylori Infected Peptic Ulcer Disease with Periodontitis
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Zhen
Published: January 2022

Objective. Periodontitis is a highly prevalent oral infectious disease and has been increasingly associated with H. pylori infection, gastric inflammation, and gastric cancer but little is known about epigenetic machinery underlying this potentially bidirectional association. The present study is aimed at identifying key deregulated miRNA, their associated genes, signaling pathways, and compounds linking periodontitis with H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease. Methods. miRNA expression datasets for periodontitis-affected and H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease-affected tissues were sought from the GEO database. Differentially expressed miRNA (DEmiRNAs) were identified and the overlapping, shared-DEmiRNA between both datasets were determined. Shared-DEmiRNA-target networks construction and functional analyses were constructed using miRNet 2.0, including shared-DEmiRNA-gene, shared-DEmiRNA-transcription factor (TF), and shared-DEmiRNA-compound networks. Functional enrichment analysis for shared DEmiRNA-gene and shared DEmiRNA-TF networks was performed using the KEGG, Reactome, and Geno Ontology (GO) pathways. Results. 11 shared-DEmiRNAs were identified, among which 9 showed similar expression patterns in both diseases, and 7 were overexpressed. miRNA hsa-hsa-mir-155-5p and hsa-mir-29a-3p were top miRNA nodes in both gene and TF networks. The topmost candidate miRNA-deregulated genes were PTEN, CCND1, MDM2, TNRC6A, and SCD while topmost deregulated TFs included STAT3, HIF1A, EZH2, CEBPA, and RUNX1. Curcumin, 5-fluorouracil, and the gallotanin 1,2,6-Tri-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose emerged as the most relevant linkage compound targets. Functional analyses revealed multiple cancer-associated pathways, PI3K pathways, kinase binding, and transcription factor binding among as enriched by the network-associated genes and TFs. Conclusion. Integrative analysis of deregulated miRNAs revealed candidate molecular mechanisms comprising of top miRNA, their gene, and TF targets linking H. pylori-infected peptic ulcer disease with periodontitis and highlighted compounds targeting both diseases. These findings provide basis for directing future experimental research.
A GMM-Based Secure State Estimation Approach against Dynamic Malicious Adversaries
Authors: Zhu Cui , Wang Zile , Zang Zeyuan , Li Yuxuan , Zheng Huanming
Published: January 2022

We consider the secure state estimation of linear time-invariant Gaussian systems subject to dynamic malicious attacks. An error compensator is proposed to reduce the impact of local error data on state estimation. Based on that, a new estimation algorithm based on the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) aiming at dynamic attacks is proposed, which can cluster the local state estimates autonomously and improve the remote estimation accuracy effectively. The superiority of the proposed algorithm is verified by numerical simulations.
Focus on the Mechanisms and Functions of Pyroptosis, Inflammasomes, and Inflammatory Caspases in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Song Haichao , Yang Bintong , Li Ying , Qian Aidong , Kang Yuanhuan , Shan Xiaofeng
Published: January 2022

Eukaryotic cells can initiate several distinct self-destruction mechanisms to display essential roles for the homeostasis maintenance, development, and survival of an organism. Pyroptosis, a key response mode in innate immunity, also referred to as caspase-1-dependent proinflammatory programmed necrotic cell death activated by human caspase-1/4/5, or mouse caspase-1/11, plays indispensable roles in response to cytoplasmic insults and immune defense against infectious diseases. These inflammatory caspases are employed by the host to eliminate pathogen infections such as bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi. Gasdermin D requires to be cleaved and activated by these inflammatory caspases to trigger the pyroptosis process. Physiological rupture of cells results in the release of proinflammatory cytokines, the alarmins IL-1β and IL-18, symbolizing the inflammatory potential of pyroptosis. Moreover, long noncoding RNAs play direct or indirect roles in the upstream of the pyroptosis trigger pathway. Here, we review in detail recently acquired insights into the central roles of inflammatory caspases, inflammasomes, and pyroptosis, as well as the crosstalk between pyroptosis and long noncoding RNAs in mediating infection immunity and pathogen clearance.
Variations of the Physical and Mechanical Parameters of Oil Sand under Different Confining Pressure and Temperatures
Authors: Yang Liu , Jiang Yufei , Gao Chao
Published: January 2022

Oil sand is an important substitute for conventional oil resources. In this paper, oil sand cores are used to systematically study the mesostructure characteristics of oil sand. Triaxial compression tests under different temperatures and pressures are carried out on oil sand specimens. The research results show that the mineral particles in these oil sands have a loose structure. The particle size distribution of the mineral particles has good continuity. The prepeak deformation characteristics of these oil sands are similar. However, three kinds of postpeak deformation forms are observed: plastic flow, strain softening, and strain hardening. Increasing the temperature can enhance the shear dilatation rate, and the shear dilatation rate decreases nonlinearly with increasing confinement. The compressive strength, residual strength, and elastic modulus increase linearly with increasing confinement. Temperature has little effect on the strength and elastic modulus of oil sand, but it can significantly affect the corresponding Poisson’s ratio. The failure modes of oil sand are dominated by shear failure and tensile failure. Under the test condition of 120°C, the thermal stress generated by the high temperature causes the oil sand specimens to produce transverse cracks. These results can provide relevant parameters for the design of oil sand exploration technology.
FVC-NET: An Automated Diagnosis of Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression Prediction Using Honeycombing and Deep Learning
Authors: Yadav Anju , Saxena Rahul , Kumar Aayush , Walia Tarandeep Singh , Zaguia Atef , Kamal S. M. Mostafa
Published: January 2022

Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe chronic lung disease that causes irreversible scarring in the tissues of the lungs, which results in the loss of lung capacity. The Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) of the patient is an interesting measure to investigate this disease to have the prognosis of the disease. This paper proposes a deep learning-based FVC-Net architecture to predict the progression of the disease from the patient’s computed tomography (CT) scan and the patient’s metadata. The input to the model combines the image score generated based on the degree of honeycombing for a patient identified based on segmented lung images and the metadata. This input is then fed to a 3-layer net to obtain the final output. The performance of the proposed FVC-Net model is compared with various contemporary state-of-the-art deep learning-based models, which are available on a cohort from the pulmonary fibrosis progression dataset. The model showcased significant improvement in the performance over other models for modified Laplace Log-Likelihood (−6.64). Finally, the paper concludes with some prospects to be explored in the proposed study.
Copyright Protection of Literary Works Based on Data Mining Algorithms
Authors: Che Liying
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the copyright protection effect of literary works and improve the healthy dissemination of digitized literary works, this paper combines data mining technology to conduct research on the copyright protection of literary works and constructs a literary copyright protection system. In digital literary works, watermarking algorithms can be used to watermark the characteristics of literary works to obtain digital literary works that have been watermarked. After that, this paper can combine data mining algorithms to perform text feature recognition and feature classification and improve the copyright protection effect of literary works. The experimental research results verify that the effect of the copyright protection system of literary works based on data mining algorithms is very good.
An Algorithm Tool for Atom Decomposition and Interaction: AD Visualiser
Authors: Liu Xiaobo
Published: January 2022

With the rapid development of software-defined network and network function virtualization technology, the scale of infrastructure and the number of available resources in cloud platforms continue to grow. It is also be used in AD Visualiser. AD is a visualisation tool for displaying the atomic decomposition (AD) of OWL ontologies. As the size of ontologies increases, ontology engineers become more difficult to understand and reuse ontologies. Atomic decomposition (AD) is a modular structure to help ontology engineers modularly manage ontologies. It decomposes ontologies into sets of atoms, with dependency, based on modules that provide strong logical guarantees (such as locality-based modules). This paper describes the design and implementation process of AD Visualiser and discusses its usability for ontology engineers in their daily work. For example, using AD Visualiser, ontology engineers avoid choosing signatures and determining the extraction results. They can extract modules very simply and faster. Besides, the graph of AD’s modular structure should be helpful for engineers to intuitively explore and comprehend ontologies.
Speckle Noise Algorithm-Based Ultrasound Imaging in Evaluating the Therapeutic Effect of Blood Purification on Children with Kidney Failure and Analysis of Its Correlation with Serum Inflammatory Factor Levels
Authors: Li Xueqin , Guo Hui , Songjin Soinam , Mo Ning , Chen Xiuying
Published: January 2022

The study focused on the therapeutic effect of clinical treatment on urinary calculi with kidney failure and its relationship with the serum inflammatory factor levels. 90 children with melamine urinary calculi were selected as research subjects. Of them, 52 cases were in group 1 (nonrenal failure), and 38 cases were in group 2 (combined with renal failure). In addition, 35 hospitalized children with no history of melamine-contaminated milk feeding during the same period were used as healthy controls. They all underwent ultrasound imaging examination based on the speckle noise algorithm, and the prognosis was analyzed. It was found that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), and local edge preservation index (EPI) of the algorithm in this study were significantly greater than other algorithms (

P

 < 0.05). The admission age of the children in group 1 was significantly younger than that of group 2, the bilateral stone rate was significantly higher than that in group 2, and the difference was statistically significant (

P

 < 0.05). Of the 52 children in group 1, the stone disappeared in 25 cases after treatment, the stone was reduced in 20 cases, and the stone remained unchanged in 7 cases. The total effective rate of treatment was 88.46%. Of the 38 cases in group 2, the stone disappeared in 22 cases after treatment, the stone was reduced in 12 cases, and the stone remained unchanged in 4 cases. The total effective rate of treatment was 89.47%. No difference was noted in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood creatinine (Cr), TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in group 1, group 2, and the healthy control group (

P

 > 0.05). Hence, the denoising algorithm in this study has better denoising effects on ultrasound images than traditional algorithms, with higher definition and less noise and artifacts. The clinical treatment of children with urinary calculi and renal failure is highly effective, the renal function and serum inflammatory factor levels return to the normal range, and the inflammatory response is weakened.
Effect of Moisture Content on Mechanical Properties of AAM Natural Fiber-Reinforced Isophthalic Polyester Composites
Authors: Ramakrishnan T. , Senthil Kumar S. , Samuel Chelladurai Samson Jerold , Gnanasekaran S. , Geetha N. K. , Arthanari Ramesh , Debtera Baru
Published: January 2022

Composite fiber reinforcement is one such proficient material that substitutes for useful applications for conventional and polyester blends where little weight and thus less energy conservation is required. This study highlighted the importance of recently discovered Agave Angustifolia marginated (AAM) fibers extracted by a manual process from AAM plants. This paper observes the various properties of the mechanical and moisture intake characteristics of AAM fiber and compares these to other naturally occurring fibers. Using isophthalic polyester resin, the mixed chopped AAM fiber-reinforced composite is prepared and detailed preparation techniques are presented. During physical composite testing, fiber pull-outs on the broken samples were investigated. Additionally, the experimental evidence demonstrates that increasing the volume fraction helps to increase the tensile, bending, and modulus of the AAM fiber composite. The chopped fiber isophthalic polyester reinforcement reaches its improved tensile strength and modulus at a 25% Vf about the 20 mm length of the fiber.
Effects of Herb-Partitioned Moxibustion on Autophagy and Immune Activity in the Colon Tissue of Rats with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Zhao Jimeng , Ma Zhe , Zheng Handan , Huang Yan , Wu Luyi , Wu Huangan , Shi Yin , Liu Huirong , Liu Yanan
Published: January 2022

Objective. To investigate the mechanism of action of herb-partitioned moxibustion on CD from the perspective of autophagy and immunity. Methods. The expression of microtubule-associated protein LC3II and SQSTM1/p62 in the colon tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagic and immune-related proteins in the colon, such as LC3II, SQSTM1/p62, Beclin1, ATG16L1, NOD2, IRGM, IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-β. mRNA levels of immune factors, such as IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-β, and autophagy signaling molecules, such as PI3KC, AKT1, LKB1, and mTOR, were detected by RT-qPCR. Results. Herb-partitioned moxibustion reduced the protein levels of ATG16L1, NOD2, IRGM, LC3II, and Beclin1 (

P
<
0.01

) and both the protein and mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-β in CD rats (

P
<
0.01

or

P
<
0.05

), and it also increased the expression of SQSTM1/p62 protein (

P
<
0.01

). The modulatory effects of herb-partitioned moxibustion on ATG16L1, NOD2, IRGM, LC3II, TNF-β, and IL-17 protein and IL-1β protein and mRNA were better than those of mesalazine (

P
<
0.01

or

P
<
0.05

). Herb-partitioned moxibustion also reduced colon PI3KC, AKT1, and LKB1 mRNA expressions in CD rats (

P
<
0.01

or

P
<
0.05

) and increased mTOR protein expression (

P
<
0.05

). And the modulatory effect of herb-partitioned moxibustion on AKT1 mRNA was better than that of mesalazine (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Herb-partitioned moxibustion may inhibit excessively activated autophagy and modulate the expression of immune-related factors by regulating the LKB1-mTOR-PI3KC signal transduction networks, thereby alleviating intestinal inflammation in CD rats.
Application Effect of Intra‐Abdominal Pressure Monitoring System in Early Enteral Nutrition Nursing of ICU Patients
Authors: Song Meiling , Zhao Peiru , Hu Wenjun
Published: January 2022

In order to study and explore the application effect of intra‐abdominal pressure monitoring in guiding ICU patients to implement early enteral nutrition therapy, we selected patients admitted to the emergency department of a hospital and classified them into groups A (n = 105) and B (n = 98). Among them, the A group gave early enteral nutrition treatment by monitoring the residual gastric mass, and the B group gave early enteral nutrition treatment by monitoring the stomach. It has been established that, compared to gastric residue monitoring, intra‐abdominal pressure monitoring in ICU patients with early enteral nutrition therapy has an obvious advantage, it helps to improve the prognosis of patients, and intra‐abdominal pressure combined with gastric residual monitoring scheme can effectively reduce the early enteral nutrition in the ICU patients, the incidence of abdominal distension, vomiting, and make it reach the goal as soon as possible. Early enteral nutrition in patients with increased tolerance is of great significance.
Therapeutic Food Development from Maize Grains, Pulses, and Cooking Banana Fruits for the Prevention of Severe Acute Malnutrition
Authors: Yazew Tamiru
Published: January 2022

In children under five years of age, severe acute malnutrition is a complex and challenging problem, especially those living in poor communities. Therefore, this study aimed to formulate ready-to-use therapeutic foods from affordable, locally available cereals, pulses, and banana fruits to overcome the problem of severe acute malnutrition. Maize grains, pulses (soybeans), and cooking banana fruits were ingredients used in formulations of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF). A completely randomized design was done with two replicates. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. A significant difference existed in the appearance and consistency for RUTF1, RUTF2, and RUTF3 samples (

P
<
0.05

). The study findings revealed that the moisture content varied from 6.7 to 13.4%, energy from 513.2 to 642.41 kcal/100 g, protein from 13.9 to 19.34%%, and crude fat from 24.12 to 35.54%. The calcium content ranged from 225 to 302 g/100 mg, iron from 10.34 to 12.26 g/100 mg, and zinc from 10 to 20 g/100 mg. In this study, the phytate content varied from 314.74 to 369.3 μg/g and crude tannin, from 101.36 to 153.25 μg/g. This study concluded that the ingredients used in the RUTF1, RUTF2, and RUTF3 formulations met the standard ready-to-use therapeutic foods. Therefore, it is important to prescribe ready-to-use dietary supplements made from inexpensive, locally available, and culturally acceptable foods to prevent severe acute malnutrition in infants.
Research on Face Local Attribute Detection Method Based on Improved SSD Network Structure
Authors: Luo Qun , Liu Zhendong
Published: January 2022

The existing face detection methods usually had the problem of low accuracy of face recognition in the environment of occlusion interference, which was limited when applied to the face detection task in complex scenes. Therefore, in order to realize high precision and real-time local face recognition in a complex environment, a face local attribute detection method based on improved SSD network structure was proposed. Based on the analysis of the face local attribute detection task, SSD was used as the basic detection network structure, and the VGG16 feature extraction model was used as the framework of face local detection. On this basis, by organically connecting different layers of the SSD network and integrating convolution block attention module, the improved SSD network structure was used to realize face local attribute detection. The proposed model was trained and tested using typical public datasets such as Wider Face, MAFA, and COFW. Experimental results showed that this method had high recognition accuracy, can better detect local features of the human face than other models, and can provide some support for local face attribute detection. This method would provide a theoretical basis and technical support for local face attribute detection in complex scenes.
Therapeutic Potential of Metabolites from Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Mare’s Milk in the Treatment of Dysbiosis
Authors: Kozhakhmetov Samat , Babenko Dmitriy , Kozhakhmetova Saniya , Tuyakova Altynay , Nurgaziyev Madiyar , Nurgozhina Ayaulym , Muhanbetganov Nurislam , Chulenbayeva Laura , Sergazy Shynggys , Gulyayev Alexander , Aljofan Mohamad , Kushugulova Almagul
Published: January 2022

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that forms ulcerations in the mucous membrane of the colon and rectum, in which gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. Agents modulating microbial dysbiosis caused by colitis can help in the remission of this disease. The current study describes the potential therapeutic effects of active metabolites from Lactobacillus rhamnosus and mare’s milk which have potential therapeutic values on the intestinal microbiota and proinflammatory cytokines. The analysis of the V1‐V3 16S rDNA site revealed significant changes in the intestinal microbiome composition before and after treatment in the treated group compared to the positive control group that was treated with 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA). So the effect of the study product on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced dysbiosis was shown to be more potent than the positive control, 5‐ASA. The level of proinflammatory cytokines also decreased under the influence of a biological product.
Identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome-Associated Genes and Pathways through Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Li Li , Zhao Hua , Gao Xiwen , Li Shanqun
Published: January 2022

Background. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is the most common type of sleep apnea disorder. The disease seriously affects the patient’s respiratory system. At present, the prognosis of the disease is poor and there is a lack of effective treatments. Therefore, it is urgent to explore its pathogenesis and treatment methods. Method. We downloaded a set of expression profile data from GSE75097 related to OSAS based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and selected the representative differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the sample of the GSE75097 dataset. WGCNA was used to find genes related to OSAS and obtain coexpression modules. The Gene Ontology (GO) function and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were used to analyze genes from key modules. Finally, Cytoscape software was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and analyze the hub genes. Result. We obtained a total of 7565 DEGs. Through WGCNA, we got four coexpression modules and the modules most related to OSAS were green-yellow, magenta, purple, and turquoise, and we screened out eight hub genes (DDX46, RNF115, COPA, FBXO4, PA2G4, NHP2L1, CDC20, and PCNA). GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the key modules were mainly enriched in tRNA modification, nucleobase metabolic process, DNA ligation, regulation of cellular component movement, basal transcription factors, Huntington disease, and vitamin digestion and absorption. Conclusion. These pathways and hub genes can facilitate understanding the molecular mechanism of OSAS and provide a meaningful reference for finding biological targets of OSAS treatment.
CGRP: A New Endogenous Cell Stemness Maintenance Molecule
Authors: Lv Xiaoting , Chen Qingquan , Zhang Shuyu , Gao Feng , Liu Qicai
Published: January 2022

Stem cells have the ability of self-replication and multidirectional differentiation, but the mechanism of how stem cells “maintain” this ability and how to “decide” to give up this state and differentiate into cells with specific functions is still unknown. The Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 2021 was awarded to “temperature and tactile receptor,” which made the pain receptor TRPV1-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway active again. The activation and blocking technology of CGRP has been applied to many clinical diseases. CGRP gene has complex structure and transcription process, with multiple methylation and other modification sites. It has been considered as a research hotspot and difficulty since its discovery. Drug manipulation of TRPV1 and inhibition of CGRP might improve metabolism and prolong longevity. However, whether the TRPV1-neuropeptide-CGRP pathway is directly or indirectly involved in stem cell self-replication and multidirectional differentiation is unclear. Recent studies have found that CGRP is closely related to the migration and differentiation of tumor stem cells, which may be realized by turning off or turning on the CGRP gene expression in stem cells and activating a variety of ways to regulate stem cell niches. In this study, we reviewed the advances in researches concentrated on the biological effects of CGRP as a new endogenous switching of cell stemness.
Movements and Its In‐Process Control of Ground and Built Structures due to Tunnelling in Urban Areas
Authors: Zhang Dingli , Cao Liqiang , Fei Jianbo , Fang Huangcheng , Yu Lin , Hong Xuefei
Published: January 2022

Tunnelling‐induced environmental responses including ground movements and deformation of the environmental structures are the two prominent issues needed to be carefully disposed in urban areas. This paper tries to develop a theoretical framework to evaluate and control the environmental deformation to avoid two disasters including ground collapse and structural failure. According to the mechanical responses of the ground due to tunnelling, the urban ground in China can be roughly divided into three types including composite multilayered ground, highly water‐bearing ground, and mixed rock ground. The displacements of ground and environmental structures due to tunnelling in multilayered ground are emphatically discussed in view of its largest proportion distribution. The cumulative and mutational characteristics of the displacements are considered, which can be the main basis for distinguishing the occurrence of two types of disasters. Based on the development of the displacements, the three‐stage evolution model of disaster is established. Combined with the existing displacement and degeneration of the ground and structures and the safety factor, the displacement control standards can be eventually determined. The theoretical framework of in‐process control is established which is based on the prediction, measurement, and control standards of the displacements. In the framework, the prediction model can be modified in time, and the tunnelling parameters can be adjusted synchronously. The current research is successfully applied in the Qinghuayuan Tunnel Project.
The Role of Music Therapy in the Emotional Regulation and Psychological Stress Relief of Employees in the Workplace
Authors: Mao Nan
Published: January 2022

With the increasing global attention to the problem of staff stress, scholars in the fields of sociology, psychology, and medicine are seeking effective solutions. Music therapy has entered the field of vision of scholars with its unique advantages and is used to maintain the mental health of workers in various industries and improve work efficiency. To solve the problem of employees’ psychological pressure, ordinary psychotherapy is mainly done through conversation. At present, the psychological pressure generated by employees in the workplace is obviously unable to be treated by ordinary psychological treatment methods. Music therapy can play its role in this situation. This article collects a large amount of data through surveys to obtain the job satisfaction data of medical care, education, and restaurant staff for the corresponding occupations, analyzes the data, and considers the role of music therapy in this type of industry to relieve the psychological pressure of relevant staff. In the end, it is concluded that music therapy can stimulate employees’ creative inspiration, eliminate employee fatigue, and eliminate some potential unfavorable factors. It can also enhance the friendship between employees, improve employee work efficiency and employees’ sense of corporate identity, and reduce employee pain sense. In general, music therapy can have a positive impact in many areas, especially in corporate applications, which can have a positive impact on employees in many aspects in the workplace.
Effect of Contact Preference among Heterogeneous Individuals on Social Contagions
Authors: Xu Yining , Xiao Jinghua , Wang Xiaochen
Published: January 2022

In social networks, individual heterogeneity is widely existed, and an individual often tends to contact more frequently with friends of similar status or opinion. It is worth noting that the contact preference characteristic among heterogeneous individuals will have a significant effect on social contagions. Thus, we propose a social contagion model which takes the heterogeneity of individual influence and contact preference into account, and make a theoretical analysis of the social spreading process by developing an edge‐based compartmental theory. We find that the competition between simple contagion and complex contagion leads to the emergence of crossover phase transition phenomena when the influence of ordinary individuals is low: it changes from being hybrid to continuous, then to hybrid, and eventually to continuous phase transition with the increase of the contact probability of homogeneous individuals. However, it changes from being first‐order to continuous phase transition when the influence strength of ordinary individuals is relatively high. In addition, there is an optimal value or range of contact probability of homogeneous individuals which maximizes the spreading size, and the optimal value or lower bound of the optimal range decreases with the increase of transmission probability. Our theoretical prediction results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
Reducing Multidimensional Poverty of Elderly: The Role of the New Rural Pension Scheme in China
Authors: Hu Yaqian , Han Hao , Liu Pei
Published: January 2022

Poverty is a multidimensional concept. Besides income, it also includes many nonmonetary dimensions, such as education, health, housing, and access to public goods. Applying a nationally representative survey dataset, this study mainly investigates the role of China’s New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) in reducing multidimensional poverty among the rural elderly. We first select four dimensions of life quality, health, social inclusion, and subjective welfare to construct multidimensional poverty indicators. We then divide the sample into two parts by age (45–59 and above 60) and evaluate the poverty‐reduction effects of participating behaviors and receiving behavior separately. Moreover, we use the insured subsample to investigate the dynamic influence from insured status on received status. The results showed that, for the 45–59 age group, NRPS participation helped reduce poverty across the given indicators, especially in terms of health, life, and subjective welfare. For the elderly (over 60), receiving the pension effectively reduced poverty. In addition, we found that as age increases, pension income can effectively alleviate the insured subgroup’s multidimensional experience of poverty.
On Some Homological Properties of Hypergroup Algebras with Relation to Their Character Spaces
Authors: Sahami Amir , Rostami Mehdi , Shariati Seyedeh Fatemeh , Babayi Salman
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we study the notion of approximate biprojectivity and left φ‐biprojectivity of some Banach algebras, where φ is a character. Indeed, we show that approximate biprojectivity of the hypergroup algebra L1(K) implies that K is compact. Moreover, we investigate left φ‐biprojectivity of certain hypergroup algebras, namely, abstract Segal algebras. As a main result, we conclude that (with some mild conditions) the abstract Segal algebra B is left φ‐biprojective if and only if K is compact, where K is a hypergroup. We also study the approximate biflatness and left φ‐biflatness of hypergroup algebras in terms of amenability of their related hypergroups.
Blasting Vibration Signal Transform in Geotechnical Engineering Applied HHT and S Transform for Time-Frequency Analysis
Authors: Man Ke , Song Zhifei , Liu Xiaoli , Song Gaofeng
Published: January 2022

Based on the same blasting vibration signal, the S transform and HHT method have been applied for the time and frequency analysis. Both the S transform and HHT method are analyzed and compared from the point of decomposition path and analysis function. It expressed that these two methods are complete and effective and have the characteristics of adaptive multiresolution. Especially, the time resolution of the HHT method is invariable and its accuracy is high. Moreover, its frequency resolution can be adaptively adjusted with the inherent characteristics of the signal. However, the time and frequency resolution of the S transform are limited by the uncertainty principle, and the resolution improvement is at the cost of reducing the resolution of another. Furthermore, the HHT method has much more adaptability and is superior to S transform in the analysis of nonstationary signals. In advance, the waveform curve and power spectral density of each detonator are extracted, which indicates that it is not scientific to use different segment detonators for the same circle of the auxiliary hole. Under the premise of the same charge quantity, the vibration energy peak value produced by the same segment detonator is less than that of several segments of detonators. Therefore, it is believed that the HHT method has broad application prospects in the study of wave propagation, attenuation law, structural dynamic response characteristics, and blasting vibration damage in rocks.
Enhanced Invisibility and Robustness of Digital Image Watermarking Based on DWT-SVD
Authors: Alzahrani Ali
Published: January 2022

The propagation of digital media over the Internet has helped improve digitization, which has given an excessive lead to copyright issues. Digital watermarking techniques have been applied to address copyright issues. In research, a system is being developed to handle veracious types of watermarked attacks, for obtaining extreme security and an adequate level of visibility and robustness. The discrete wave transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) approaches were applied to analyze veracious types of attacks. The DWT method was used to embed the host image in four levels; this level was processed using the SVD method. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) were applied to measure the invisibility, and the normalization correlation (NC) was used to examine the robustness of watermarked images. The empirical results showed that the proposed DWT-SVD achieved superior accuracy in identifying the various attacks. The proposed DWT-SVD performance was confirmed during the training process, and the proposed system was shown to have high invisibility and robustness against various types of attacks on watermarked images. Finally, the results of the proposed system were compared to existing systems, and it was shown that DWT-SVD achieved better performance in terms of pixel-value modification attacks.
Design of a Variable Frequency and Energy Aeroengine Ignition Device Based on MCU
Authors: Wang Xuan
Published: January 2022

That the aeroengine ignition device’s ignition properties are set as a rule of thumb causes the waste of ignition device’s resources, low efficiency of aeroengine’s operation, and short service life of plugs. In this paper, a variable frequency and energy aeroengine ignition device is developed for improving aeroengine combustion chamber’s ignition properties. The STC89C52 MCU was chosen as the device’s core controller. Power supply circuit, MCU and external circuit, IGBT drive circuit, boost circuit, current-voltage monitor circuit, and discharge circuit are all part of the hardware circuit. Because the MCU is in charge of driving the IGBT and discharging the capacitor, the device can accurately generate a corresponding frequency output signal. It also creates frequency control and energy control modules, both of which can adjust ignition properties according to user needs. The ignition device proposed in this paper is stable and lighter and has a predetermined frequency and energy. It lays the groundwork for improving the aeroengine's ignition reliability.
An Empirical Study on Digital Media Technology in Film and Television Animation Design
Authors: Jiang Renfeng , Wang Li , Tsai Sang-Bing
Published: January 2022

Computer art and design of digital media technology as a typical cross-technology, combined with graphic images of modern multimedia technology, can show three-dimensional art content and animation design and production of natural affinity; therefore, the digital media technology is introduced into modern animation design and production and is an innovative design concept and method, optimizing the creation efficiency of basic requirements. The reform and innovation of animation design and production are the requirement of the development of The Times. The application of digital media technology in animation design and production is conducive to promoting the development of the animation industry. Animation is human’s pursuit of light and shadow. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of digital media, the architecture of the digital media animation system is designed, and the functions of system modules are expounded. Based on the large scale and high efficiency of digital media technology, the framework structure of the animation design system is constructed. Driven by the two-way technology and application, digital media technology is innovatively applied, and three-dimensional animation design and virtual simulation technology are integrated, so as to promote the technological upgrading of animation creation and improve its technical content and level. Through the corresponding test of the system, it is determined that the system can run normally and stably. The digital new media technology is introduced into the design and production of film and television animation to promote the digital development of animation design and production.
Analytical Study of Deep Learning-Based Preventive Measures of COVID-19 for Decision Making and Aggregation via the RISTECB Model
Authors: Ahmad Ishfaq , Xu Sheng Jun , Khatoon Amna , Tariq Usman , Khan Inayat , Rizvi Sanam Shahla , Ullah Asad
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) primarily spreads through imbalanced social distancing practices. Automatic analysis is possible through deep learning-based methods to understand and control COVID-19. Healthcare analysis and prediction are best made in the situation of a pandemic such as COVID-19. This analysis can be used to classify the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups and social distancing measures with good estimation by preventing immense dissemination. Postpreventive measures require parallel reinforcement to analyse current, upcoming, and uncertain situations of COVID-19 prevalence, which are effectively handled by implementing multicriteria decision-making methods. Herein, we estimate and measure the social distance by deep learning technique usage (You Only Look Once, Version 3 is a real-time object detection algorithm) in the proposed model for the analytic network process. The multicriteria decision making increases the evaluation of the risk factors. The modification of the pandemic model increases the application of social distancing and preventive measures. This model will alert us when the number of people exceeds in some area from the experimented barrier. RISTECB simulation is used in the preventive measures of the social distance among the sample population to see the initiators, infectors, suspicious, expirer, survivor, and transmitters. Postpreventive criteria used those results to set the barriers that are the critical points for prevention in uncertain situations. Therefore, this paper aimed to develop a framework, including social distancing and distance estimation, by using deep learning-based techniques through multicriteria decision-making methods such as the analytical network process. For simulation for statistical information of inclusive information of preventive measures and postpreventive measures, an automatic resonant transfer learning-based practice is used. General proportional analyses illustrate that the projected model helps in postpandemic COVID-19 preventive measures by amalgamating multiple techniques.
Correlation between Maternal Vitamin D and Thyroid Function in Pregnancy with Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ahi Salma , Adelpour Mohsen , Fereydooni Iman , Hatami Naser
Published: January 2022

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women to investigate the relationship between vitamin D level and thyroid function. Methods. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total number of 66 patients during the three trimesters of pregnancy were investigated; 22 pregnant women were studied in each trimester of pregnancy. We evaluated thyroid function tests and thyroid autoantibodies (TPOAb and TGAb), as well as the serum level of 25OHD, to determine the relationship between vitamin D level and autoimmune or non-autoimmune thyroid disease in pregnancy. Results. Pearson’s correlation in all subjects showed that vitamin D levels did not have a significant relationship with maternal age. Only in the third trimester, there was a significant difference in maternal age based on their vitamin D status. There was no significant difference between the trimesters of pregnancy and vitamin D status (

P
>
0.05

). Also, there were no significant differences between serum levels of vitamin D within three trimesters. Examination of thyroid function tests during pregnancy in relation to vitamin D showed that there was no significant Spearman’s correlation between thyroid function status and serum vitamin D level (

P
>
0.05

). There was no significant difference in the mean level of serum 25OH vitamin D in each subgroup of thyroid status (

P
>
0.05

). Regarding the pregnancy outcomes, two newborns were admitted to NICU, meconium aspiration was in one case, and IUFD in another case led to pregnancy termination. These four cases were related to the maternal history of hypothyroidism. Conclusion. There was no significant relationship between vitamin D and pregnancy trimester. The serum level of vitamin D had no particular effect on the outcome of pregnancy and the thyroid gland function.