bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Violent Times: Anti-Movement Poetry in the Mid to Late 1950s
Authors: Wootten William
Published: May 2021

This chapter describes the creation of a poetry group in the 1950s, whose members included Ted Hughes, Philip Hobsbaum, Edward Lucie-Smith, Australian bookseller Peter Porter, and BBC producer George MacBeth. The Group may be considered a forerunner to the contemporary poetry workshop, or indeed the first proper poetry workshop in England. However, Group meetings had a distinct flavour that would make them unfamiliar to most who attend poetry workshops today. Not only was there the bearded and forbidding Hobsbaum in the chair and a heavy Leavisite aspect to proceedings, there was also the structure of the evening: its first half would concentrate on new work by one writer; this would then be followed by a coffee break, after which members could share work they particularly liked and, increasingly in later years, new poetry of their own. The Group also perpetuated ideas and an ambience as well as a social network that started in Oxford and Cambridge, and brought its members into contact with poets who had been very much outside both.
Rabbi, Mystic, or Impostor?
Authors: Oron Michal , Endelman Todd M.
Published: May 2021

The enigmatic kabbalist Samuel Falk, known as the Ba'al Shem of London, has piqued the curiosity of scholars for generations. Eighteenth-century London was fascinated by Jews, and as a miracle-worker and adventurer, well connected and well read, Falk had much to offer. Interest in the man was further aroused by rumours of his dealings with European aristocrats and other famous characters, as well as with scholars, Freemasons, and Shabbateans, but evidence was scanty. This book now brings together all the known source material on the man, and detailed annotations of his diary and that of his assistant provide rich insights into his activities over several years. We learn of his meetings and his travels; his finances; his disputes, his dreams, and his remedies; and lists of his books. We see London's social life and commerce, its landed gentry and its prisons, and what people ate, wore, and possessed. The burgeoning Jewish community of London and its religious practices, as well as its communal divisiveness, is depicted especially colourfully. The scholarly introductions and the informative appendices help contextualize the diaries and offer an intriguing glimpse of Jewish involvement in little-known aspects of London life at the threshold of the modern era.
A Biography Of Samuel Falk
Authors: Oron Michal
Published: May 2021

This chapter centers on Dr Samuel Falk, the Ba'al Shem of London, who was born in Podhajce at the beginning of the eighteenth century and named Samuel Jacob di Falk Tradiola Laniado. It explains that 'Falk' is the name of a family of distinguished lineage that included Rabbi Joshua ben Alexander Falk and Rabbi Jacob Joshua ben Zevi Hirsch. It also recounts how Falk made the acquaintance of Moses David of Podhajce, of whom he jointly studied with and engaged in practical kabbalah. The chapter talks about Falk's family move from Podhajce to Fürth in Germany, which had become a major centre of Jewish life after the authorities permitted Jews to reside in the city in 1528. It cites crypto-Sabbatians and hidden Frankists that were known to live in Fürth that influenced Falk's personality and the course of his life.
Samuel Falk and the Freemasons
Authors: Oron Michal
Published: May 2021

This chapter refers to the historian Nesta Webster, who lived in England around the turn of the nineteenth century and was the first to indicate the ties between Samuel Falk and the Freemasons. It describes Webster as a prominent antisemite who took an active part in the distribution of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion and published a long list of inflammatory articles that charged the Jews with responsibility for the Russian Revolution. It also discusses the antisemitic orientation evident in Webster's book on secret societies that attempts to link the Jews with various cultic sects that were political in nature. The chapter looks at an entire chapter in Webster's book that is devoted to Falk, whom she depicts as a 'high initiate' of the Freemasons. It serves as a bibliographical source for references to Falk in non-Jewish works.
The Diaries and Their Research
Authors: Oron Michal
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses the description of Samuel Falk's diary that is in an article by the scholar Adolf Neubauer published in the Jewish Chronicle. It mentions Solomon Schechter, a tutor in rabbinics at the University of Cambridge who published an article, 'The Baalshem — Dr Falk'. It also cites Schechter's details of Falk's will and how he translated what Jacob Emden wrote concerning the ba'al shem, including how Schechter questioned Emden's charges regarding Falk's presumed crypto-Sabbatianism. The chapter talks about Rabbi Dr Herman Adler, chief rabbi of the British Empire, who delivered a lecture on 'The Baal Shem of London', which was published in Berlin and in London, in which he collected details and testimonies about Falk from various sources. It elaborates how Adler disregarded the kabbalistic material in the diary, which opened a window onto Falk's world.
Cities of Splendour in the Shaping of Sephardi History
Authors: Gerber Jane S.
Published: May 2021

Sephardi identity has meant different things at different times, but has always entailed a connection with Spain, from which the Jews were expelled in 1492. While Sephardi Jews have lived in numerous cities and towns throughout history, certain cities had a greater impact on the shaping of their culture. This book focuses on those that may be considered most important, from Cordoba in the tenth century to Toledo, Venice, Safed, Istanbul, Salonica, and Amsterdam at the dawn of the seventeenth century. Each served as a venue in which a particular dimension of Sephardi Jewry either took shape or was expressed in especially intense form. Significantly, these cities were mostly heterogeneous in their population and culture — half of them under Christian rule and half under Muslim rule — and this too shaped the Sephardi worldview and attitude. While Sephardim cultivated a distinctive identity, they felt at home in the cultures of their adopted lands. The book demonstrates that Sephardi history and culture have always been multifaceted. The book's interdisciplinary approach captures the many contexts in which the life of the Jews from Iberia unfolded, without either romanticizing the past or diluting its reality.
Collected Essays
Authors: Soloveitchik Haym
Published: May 2021

Continuing the contribution to medieval Jewish intellectual history, this book's author focuses here on the radical pietist movement of Ḥasidei Ashkenaz and its main literary work, Sefer Ḥasidim, and on the writings and personality of the Provençal commentator Ravad of Posquières. In both areas the author challenges mainstream views to provide a new understanding of medieval Jewish thought. Some of the essays are revised and updated versions of work previously published, and some are entirely new, but in all of them the author challenges reigning views to provide a new understanding of medieval Jewish thought. The section on Sefer Ḥasidim brings together over half a century of the author's writings on German Pietism, many of which originally appeared in obscure publications, and adds two new essays. The first of these is a methodological study of how to read this challenging work and an exposition of what constitutes a valid historical inference, while the second reviews the validity of the sociological and anthropological inferences presented in contemporary historiography. In discussing Ravad's oeuvre, the author questions the widespread notion that Ravad's chief accomplishment was his commentary on Maimonides' Mishneh Torah; his Talmud commentary, he claims, was of far greater importance and was his true masterpiece. He also adds a new study that focuses on the acrimony between Ravad, as the low-born genius of Posquières, and R. Zeraḥyah ha-Levi of Lunel, who belonged to the Jewish aristocracy of Languedoc, and considers the implications of that relationship.
Sefer Ḥasidim and the Social Sciences
Authors: Soloveitchik Haym
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores the evidence advanced for some of the currently reigning ideas in the study of German Pietism. The texts of the movement are available to all. The question is, how does one read them? And how does one use notions and models drawn from the neighboring disciplines of sociology and anthropology? The chapter argues that Ivan Marcus has sacrificed his numerous insights for the sake of sociological and anthropological models, and the complexities and ambiguities of the movement, of which he is aware, have lost much of their vibrancy in the attempt to align them with constructs drawn from neighboring disciplines. It examines proofs adduced for three major theses of Marcus's book Piety and Society: the three-stage evolution of German Pietism, penance as a rite of passage into the pietistic fraternity, and finally, the sectarian nature of Sefer Ḥasidim.
A Response to R. Buckwold’s Critique of ‘Rabad of Posquières: A Programmatic Essay’, Part I
Authors: Soloveitchik Haym
Published: May 2021

This chapter provides a response to Rabbi E. A. Buckwold's extensive critique of the author's article on Ravad of Posquières. R. Buckwold's article contains many substantive criticisms and, if read correctly, it is also undergirded by a twofold anger. First, the author's contention that Ravad was a revolutionary and that he dispensed with 'geonic tutelage' strikes him as a gross, even disrespectful, misinterpretation of Ravad. The second aspect of the author's article that has awakened his wrath is the contention — in his view — that some of Ravad's doctrines were forged in part in response to contemporary problems, to historical conditions of his time. The chapter addresses the latter half of R. Buckwold's article — his underlying anger at the author's 'Reformist' portrait of Ravad — and then turns to his specific critiques of the author's essay.
A Response to R. Buckwold’s Critique of ‘Rabad of Posquières: A Programmatic Essay’, Part II
Authors: Soloveitchik Haym
Published: May 2021

This chapter is a continuation of the response to Rabbi E. A. Buckwold's extensive critique of the author's article on Ravad of Posquières. The author claimed that Ravad and Rabbenu Tam were revolutionaries, that they dispensed with 500 years of geonic tutelage, and that the innovative, the new in law often wears the guise of the old, all of which incurred R. Buckwold's wrath. The chapter first addresses the two major sources of R. Buckwold's disquiet. It then turns to a number of his lesser criticisms, both his assumptions and his mode of argument. R. Buckwold cites Menaḥem ha-Me'iri's introduction to Avot in explanation of the absence of written talmudic commentary in the time of the Geonim, and states that, as the language of the Talmud was understood by all, there was no need for commentary. The chapter argues that Me'iri's introduction to Avot, valuable as it is in some of the information it contains, is not a work of history and is of limited historical use.
Maimonides the Universalist
Authors: Kellner Menachem , Gillis David
Published: May 2021

Maimonides ends each book of his legal code, the Mishneh torah, with a moral or philosophical reflection, in which he lifts his eyes, as it were, from purely halakhic concerns and surveys broader horizons. This book analyse these concluding paragraphs, examining their verbal and thematic echoes, their adaptation of rabbinic sources, and the way in which they coordinate with the Mishneh torah's underlying structures, in order to understand how they might influence our interpretation of the code as a whole — and indeed our view of Maimonides himself and his philosophy. Taking this unusual cross-section of the work, the book concludes that the Mishneh torah presents not only a system of law, but also a system of universal values. It shows how Maimonides fashions Jewish law and ritual as a programme for attaining ethical and intellectual ends that are accessible to all human beings, who are created equally in the image of God. Many reject the presentation of Maimonides as a universalist. The Mishneh torah especially is widely seen as a particularist sanctuary. This book shows how profoundly that view must be revised.
Introduction
Authors: Weissman Susan
Published: May 2021

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the degree of cultural embeddedness that was manifest among the Jews of medieval Ashkenaz with regard to their beliefs and practices surrounding the dead and their world. Medieval Ashkenaz as a cultural milieu included the Jewish communities of Germany (the empire north of the Alps), France north of the Loire, and England. Historians of western Europe have documented major transformations in attitudes and practices related to death and the hereafter which took place in that period. One such transformation consisted of a movement away from the perception of death as a generalized, objective experience and towards a more subjective, individualized notion of it. Belief in personal judgement after the death of the individual similarly became widespread at the time. Historians of medieval Jewry have also pointed to the primacy of the high medieval period in the shaping of Jewish practices and attitudes regarding the dead. Bearing in mind the simultaneous shifts in consciousness and praxis within both the dominant culture of Christian Europe and the subculture of medieval Ashkenaz, the book seeks to discover whether these changes were related or merely coincidental. It assesses how far death-related beliefs and practices that circulated in the Germano-Christian environment of the time penetrated Sefer ḥasidim, the great religious-ethical work of the Pietists.
Conclusion
Authors: Weissman Susan
Published: May 2021

This concluding chapter summarizes the findings and main points of the book. What this study has revealed is that Jewish attitudes towards the dead and the hereafter in medieval Ashkenaz resembled more those of their Christian neighbours than those of their rabbinic ancestors of talmudic times. The unconscious interiorization, within Ashkenazi society, of Germano-Christian beliefs, customs, and fears about the dead — a result of acculturation — is clearly manifest. Although popular in origin, these practices, beliefs, customs, and fears were found among both elite groups and ordinary people within this small medieval Jewish enclave. Even the literary mediums through which the material was conveyed within the host society — visionary literature and the ghost tale — were adopted in Sefer ḥasidim and other, non-Pietist sources. The chapter then draws a sketch of the Pietist aspirations that emerge when one ties together the various strands of Pietist teaching on many of the subjects touched upon in previous chapters.
Writing the Survivor
Authors: Field Robin E.
Published: May 2021

Writing the Survivor: The Rape Novel in Late Twentieth-Century American Fiction identifies a new genre of American fiction, the rape novel, that recenters narratives of sexual violence on the survivors of violence and abuse, rather than the perpetrators. The rape novel arose during the women’s liberation movement as women writers collectively challenged the traditional erasure of female subjectivity and agency found in earlier representations of sexual violence in American fiction. The rape novel not only foregrounds survivors and their stories in a textual centering that affirms their dignity and self-worth, but also develops new narratological strategies for portraying violent, disturbing subject matter. In bringing together many key women’s texts of the last decades of the 20th century, the rape novel demonstrates the centrality of sexual assault to women’s fiction of this era. The rape novels of the 21st century continue the political activism inherent in the genre—educating readers, offering community to survivors, and encouraging social activism—as the stories of male survivors are increasingly told. A radical reconsideration of late twentieth-century American novels, Writing the Survivor underscores the importance of women’s activism upon the novel’s form and content and reveals the portrayal of rape as rape to be an interethnic imperative.
Rethinking Rape in the American Cultural and Literary Landscape
Authors: Field Robin E.
Published: May 2021

The introduction establishes the urgency of the feminist project of the 1970s to challenge the prevalent rape myths of the twentieth century: rape does not exist; women should simply enjoy sex even when they are forced into the act; and violent sex is pornographic and titillating, but not a crime. Earlier representations of rape in American fiction were not told through the perspective of the victim; instead, an unsympathetic bystander or even the perpetrator recounts the events. Women began portraying rape as rape—as a violent, nonconsensual act—once second-wave feminists challenged rape myths through consciousness-raising sessions, publications, and public activism. The resultant new genre of fiction, the rape novel, prioritizes the survivor and her physical and psychological trauma. The rape novel works to change the culture that allows rape and sexual violence to occur, demonstrating the transformative power of literature to educate, inspire activism, and promote healing.
Breaking Silence, Telling Tales
Authors: Field Robin E.
Published: May 2021

The first rape novels, written in the 1970s, demand that rape be understood as violation. The traditional readerly reaction of voyeuristic pleasure to depictions of rape is replaced by feelings of shock and horror more appropriate for this subject matter. The 1970s rape novel offers a new script for the rape story that focuses primarily on the experiences of the victim. This recentering is achieved through the unflinchingly realistic portrayal of sexual violence on the page. These novels portray rape as rape, allowing the reader to understand the violence enacted upon the victim’s body, the brutality impressed upon her mind, and the devastating personal and communal repercussions of the act.
Supporting the Monarchy and the Church of England during the Restoration
Authors: Mann Joseph Arthur
Published: May 2021

With rebellion and regicide an ever-present worry for the newly-restored monarchy and the new king Charles II, public opinion could not be ignored. Charles II was welcomed back to his kingdom with a mix of enthusiasm and relief, but his Church of England faced a more difficult restoration. After being outlawed for a decade, it faced the difficulties inherent in reconstituting the institution itself. It faced the challenge of countering the sentiments against it that had been spread during the Commonwealth. It also needed to establish religious harmony in a populace fractured into numerous denominations than it was before the war. Chapter three reveals how music was consistently pressed into service to maintain a favorable public opinion of Charles II and later James II and in the 1660s to support the restoration of the Church of England. It shows how musical propaganda was used to tout Charles II’s lack-luster victories over the Dutch as masterful triumphs, paint him as a benevolent father-figure to his people, and even give him a fictional victory over Oliver Cromwell. While these tactics recurred during the reign of James II, they were ultimately unable to overcome the public distaste for his Catholicism.
Essaying Affects
Authors: Hagen Benjamin D.
Published: May 2021

This chapter intervenes in the critical reception of Lawrence’s literary studies, works that scholarship tends to mine for their insights into Lawrence’s metaphysics or psychology rather than insights into the critical study of literature. Reading his criticism as criticism, the author argues that Lawrence’s study of Thomas Hardy, his survey of American literature, and his return to the Book of Revelation near the end of his life model practices of reparative reading avant la lettre. Lawrence believes that novels can teach readers to live and feel. He mobilizes this belief into a method that identifies moments of tension or intensity in literary texts and models how readers can inhabit these tensions and intensities, trying them out, essaying literary affects as means to their own ends. Moreover, Lawrence’s literary studies attend to a range of needs: his own, his readers’, and those of the books he effortfully repairs.
Meeting Needs, Making Room
Authors: Hagen Benjamin D.
Published: May 2021

This chapter accounts for a consistent feminist pedagogy across Woolf’s fiction, from The Voyage Out (1915) to Between the Acts (1941). Drawing on Sara Ahmed’s Living a Feminist Life (2017) and Kate Manne’s Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny (2018), this chapter demonstrates a consistent attention in Woolf’s novels to the lessons girls and women must learn in order to survive their patriarchal world: the accommodations (or lack thereof) that the world makes available to them (financially, spatially, institutionally); the misogyny that structures the access boys and men expect to have to the attentions of girls and women as well as the system of punishments and rewards that polices the availability of these attentions; and the sources of love and independence that allow Woolf’s fictional characters to imagine feminist lives and worlds. The chapter carefully situates this account of Woolf’s feminist pedagogy with and against the rich tradition of feminist scholarship on Woolf.
Coda
Authors: Hagen Benjamin D.
Published: May 2021

The coda opens with a reflection on Barbara Johnson’s “Teaching Ignorance: L’École des femmes” (1982), which sets up a concluding retrospective on the author’s own readerly relationships to Woolf and Lawrence. He explores the implications of figuring the relationship between readers and writers as a relationship between students and teachers, wondering if individual readers become different sorts of students when they move from book to book, writer to writer: e.g., a disciple of one; a distracted troublemaker for another. The author suggests that a dual phenomenon of devotion and distraction structures his own approach to and volley back and forth between Woolf and Lawrence.
Nancy Cunard
Authors: Marcus Jane
Published: May 2021

In the wake of inadequate histories of radical writing and activism, Nancy Cunard: Perfect Stranger rejects stereotypes of Cunard as spoiled heiress and “sexually dangerous New Woman,” offering instead a bold, unapologetic, evidence-based portrait of a woman and her significant contributions to twenty-first-century considerations of gender, race, and class. This full length critical study by the late, path-breaking feminist scholar, Jane Marcus, rereads Cunard’s identity as a poet, an anthologist, a journalist, and political activist against racism and fascism.
Girlfriends, Boyfriends, and Bright Young Things
Authors: Marcus Jane
Published: May 2021

The chapter explores Cunard’s circle of bohemian friends as it gives an analysis of women’s independence and the identification of that independence with lesbian sexuality. The chapter also examines Cunard’s relationship to Wyndham Lewis, Aldous Huxley, and Louis Aragon, rereading Huxley’s fictional portrayal of Cunard as femme fatale and his engagement with English primitivism. Cunard’s contributions to Vogue and avant-garde aesthetics and leftist politics are also investigated.
Madeleine Dring
Authors: Brister Wanda , Rosenblatt Jay
Published: May 2021

This book is the first scholarly biography of Madeleine Dring (1923–1977). Using diaries, letters, and extensive archival research, the narrative examines her career and explores her music. The story of Dring’s life begins with her formal training at the Royal College of Music, first in the Junior Department and then as a full-time student, a period that also covers her personal experience of events both leading up to and during the early years of World War II. Her career is traced in detail through radio and television shows and West End revues, all productions for which she wrote music, as well as her work as an actor. Dring’s most important contemporaries are briefly discussed in relation to her life, including her teachers at the Royal College of Music, professional connections such as Felicity Gray and Laurier Lister, and her husband Roger Lord. Her musical compositions are surveyed, from the earliest works she wrote as a student to the art songs she wrote in her last years, along with various popular numbers for revues and numerous piano pieces for beginning piano students as well as those suitable for the concert hall. Each chapter singles out one or more of these works for detailed description and analysis, with attention to the qualities that characterize her distinctive musical style.
“Peace was the third emotion”
Authors: Crossland Rachel
Published: May 2021

In this essay Crossland explores Woolf’s writing of threes in Between the Acts, the title of which itself places emphasis on the three intervals between the acts of its central pageant. Both the number three and triple repetitions of specific words are prevalent across this text, while Woolf often provides strings of three words, such as the ‘orts, scraps and fragments’ summing up the pageant. Woolf also describes ‘Peace’ as ‘the third emotion’, joining with ‘Love’ and ‘Hate’ to ‘ma[ke] the ply of human life’. Although ‘Love. Hate. Peace’ only appear explicitly together once in the final novel, Crossland examines Woolf’s typescript revisions and argues that, by focusing on the novel’s tripartite structure, it is possible to read peace into certain other moments, in particular the end of the book in the form of both silence and sleep. By reading Woolf’s final novel through complementarity structures that go beyond dualities,
Crossland shows how Woolf was able to writer a book with a ‘triple melody’ at its centre.
From Eggbeaters and Alcohol to Gryphons, Dolls, and Puppets
Authors: Radia Pavlina
Published: May 2021

For modernists like Djuna Barnes, objects mark, but also frequently mobilize, the very conflict that exists between the characters who are depersonalized by their sense of racial, cultural, class, and gender difference, but who also desperately seek some magical reconnection with the prelapsarian—be it through their relationships and object-attachments or through their nomadic positionality. This chapter explores Barnes’s use of objects not only as the markers of the impersonal, but also as affective spaces upon which the characters various desires and socio-political, ethical, gender, and racial conflicts are projected and (re)negotiated. Although the essay’s focus is primarily on Barnes’s Nightwood, her novel is also discussed in relation to her early work, as well as her last and frequently underestimated play, The Antiphon. Drawing on the work of Sara Ahmed, the essay examines the ways in which Barnes deploys objects as “affective economies of difference” that mobilize the characters’ sense of displacement while simultaneously providing a temporary respite from its very realities.
“Lost! Hansome Gole Brooch”
Authors: Williams Nonia
Published: May 2021

This chapter focuses on broken, lost and forgotten objects in the writing of a selection of female modernists: Woolf’s To the Lighthouse, Mansfield’s “Pictures” and “At the Bay”, and Stein’s The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas. The argument is that the absent-presence of homey and decorative details in the above texts enables us to extend and complicate the claim that concrete symbolism might be read as a mode of resistance; to abstract modernist symbolism on the one hand, and the prominence of focus on the manifest detail on the other. Drawing on Naomi Schor’s idea of the aesthetics of absence, this essay considers how broken, lost and forgotten objects might particularly work to signify “thingness,” that is, both focus our attention on the object, and remind us of the object’s transience and ability to pass in and out of stories. How might Stein’s love of breakable objects and clutter add to and complicate Schor’s claim that the absent detail is the “modern or postmodern detail par excellence”? The chapter reveals how these broken, lost and forgotten modernist objects enable us to make an argument for the particular significance of an aesthetics of absence when it comes to the question of both modernist objects and the feminine detail.
CAN RAINMAKERS JUSTIFY THEIR PAY? THE ROLE OF INVESTMENT BANKS IN REIT M&AS
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Sun Tiezhu , Goh Patrick Han Lin , Wang Zilong , Mansley Nick
Published: May 2021

This study explicitly rejects the prima facie proposition that the top-tier investment banks are capable of delivering supernormal value creation to the shareholders of a REIT acquirer in a corporate acquisition. Using the event study method, we find that REIT acquirers advised by market-leading investment banks suffer an average cumulative abnormal return of −4.41% following the M&A announcement, whereas REIT acquirers advised by non-top-tier investment banks only suffer an average cumulative abnormal return of −1.49%. The evidence shows that the contemporary practice of employing investment banks based on the prestige of the advisory firms could potentially result in value-destroying M&As for the REIT acquirers.
Silicon and Oxygen Isotope Evolution of the Inner Solar System
Authors: Tanaka Ryoji , Potiszil Christian , Nakamura Eizo
Published: May 2021

Enstatite chondrites have been regarded as major building blocks of the Earth and other differentiated inner planetary bodies due to the similarity of Δ17O (deviation of the δ
17O value from the terrestrial silicate fractionation line) and nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies. However, this hypothesis has been rebutted by the fact that the Earth and enstatite chondrites show distinct Si isotopic compositions. It has been debated whether the origin of this Si isotope difference is the result of nebular or planetary processes. Here we show that the δ
30Si (deviation of 30Si/28Si relative to NBS 28 standard) and the Δ17O values of chondrules in unequilibrated enstatite chondrites are between −0.20‰ and −0.54‰ and −0.36‰ and +0.26‰, respectively. Furthermore, the chondrules with higher Δ17O values tend to have lower δ
30Si. The data exhibit values consistent with most of the noncarbonaceous group differentiated planetary bodies. This consistency suggests that the Si and O isotopic compositions of enstatite chondrules record those of the major precursors that formed the differentiated planetary bodies in the inner solar system. Model calculations based on the results reveal that the Si and O isotope variations of the enstatite chondrite chondrules were generated by an interaction between the evaporation-driven SiO-rich gas and partially or fully melted forsterite-rich precursor chondrules. The Mg/Si of the evaporated dust-gas mixtures increased with increasing silicate/metal ratio in the evaporated dust, which may have increased the bulk Mg/Si and δ
30Si value of the inner planetary bodies.
A database and checklist of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera) from Colombia
Authors: Murillo-Ramos Leidys , Sihvonen Pasi , Brehm Gunnar , Ríos-Malaver Indiana , Wahlberg Niklas
Published: May 2021

Molecular DNA sequence data allow unprecedented advances in biodiversity assessments, monitoring schemes, and taxonomic works, particularly in poorly explored areas. They allow, for instance, the sorting of material rapidly into operational taxonomic units (such as BINs - Barcode Index Numbers), sequences can be subject to diverse analyses, and with linked metadata and physical vouchers they can be examined further by experts. However, a prerequisite for their exploitation is the construction of reference libraries of DNA sequences that represent the existing biodiversity. To achieve these goals for Geometridae (Lepidoptera) moths in Colombia, expeditions were carried out to 26 localities in the northern part of the country in 2015–2019. The aim was to collect specimens and sequence their DNA barcodes, and to record a fraction of the species richness and occurrences in one of the most biodiversity-rich countries. These data are the beginnings of an identification guide to Colombian geometrid moths, whose identities are currently often provisional only, being morpho species or operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Prior to the current dataset, 99 Geometridae sequences forming 44 BINs from Colombia were publicly available on the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD), covering 20 species only.

We enrich the Colombian Geometridae database significantly by including DNA barcodes, two nuclear markers, photos of vouchers, and georeferenced occurrences of 281 specimens of geometrid moths from different localities. These specimens are classified into 80 genera. Analytical tools on BOLD clustered 157 of the mentioned sequences to existing species level BINs, identified earlier by experts. Another 115 were assigned to BINs that were identified to genus or tribe level only. 11 specimens did not match any existing BIN on BOLD, and are therefore new additions to the database. It is likely that many BINs represent undescribed species. Nine short sequences (<500bp) were not assigned to BINs but identified to the lowest taxonomic category by expert taxonomists and with comparisons of type material photos. The released new genetic information will help to further progress the systematics of Geometridae. An illustrated catalogue of all new records allows validation of our identifications; it is also the first document of this kind for Colombian Geometridae. All specimens are deposited at the Museo de Zoología of Universidad de Sucre (MZUS), North Colombia. DNA BINs are reported in this study, the species occurrences are available on SIB Colombia https://sibcolombia.net/ and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) https://www.gbif.org/ through https://doi.org/10.15472/ucfmkh.
Genome size variation and karyotype diversity in eight taxa of Sorbus sensu stricto (Rosaceae) from China
Authors: Li Jiabao , Zhu Kailin , Wang Qin , Chen Xin
Published: May 2021

Eight taxa of Sorbus Linnaeus, 1753 sensu stricto (Rosaceae) from China have been studied karyologically through chromosome counting, chromosomal measurement and karyotype symmetry. Genome size was also estimated by flow cytometry. Six taxa, S. amabilis Cheng ex T.T.Yu et K.C.Kuan, 1963, S. hupehensis var. paucijuga (D.K. Zang et P.C. Huang, 1992) L.T. Lu, 2000, S. koehneana C.K. Schneider, 1906, S. pohuashanensis (Hance, 1875) Hedlund, 1901, S. scalaris Koehne, 1913 and S. wilsoniana C.K. Schneider, 1906 are diploids with 2n = 34, whereas two taxa, S. filipes Handel-Mazzetti,1933 and S. ovalis McAllister, 2005 are tetraploid with 2n = 68. In general, the chromosome size is mainly small, and karyotypes are symmetrical with predominance of metacentric chromosomes. Genome size variation of diploids and tetraploids is 1.401 pg –1.676 pg and 2.674 pg –2.684 pg, respectively. Chromosome numbers of S. amabilis and S. hupehensis var. paucijuga, and karyotype and genome size of eight taxa studied are reported for the first time. This study emphasised the reliability of flow cytometry in genome size determination to infer ploidy levels in Chinese native Sorbus species.
Revision of the genera Xanthogaleruca Laboissière, 1932 and Pyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Taiwan, with type designation of Galerucella lineatipes Takei
Authors: Lee Chi-Feng , Bezděk Jan
Published: May 2021

The taxonomic status ofPyrrhaltaJoannis, 1865 and allied generaTricholochmaeaLaboissière, 1932 andXanthogalerucaLaboissière, 1934 is discussed based on the study of Taiwanese species. Tentatively,XanthogalerucaandPyrrhaltaare regarded as valid genera whileTricholochmaeais a synonym ofPyrrhalta. Fourteen species are recognized and redescribed, includingP. gressittiKimoto, 1969;P. taiwanaKimoto, 1969;P. viridipennisKimoto, 1981;P. igaiKimoto, 1981;P. meifenaKimoto, 1976;P. maculataGressitt & Kimoto, 1963;P. tsouiBezděk & Lee, 2019;P. semifulva(Jacoby, 1885);P. discalisGressitt & Kimoto, 1963;P. ishiharaiKimoto, 1994;P. shirozuiKimoto, 1969;P. kobayashiiKimoto, 1974;P. ohbayashiiKimoto, 1984; andP. takizawaiKimoto, 1996. Taiwanese populations identified asXanthogaleruca aenescens(Fairmaire) were misidentified and those are described as a new species,X. yuaesp. nov.Xanthogaleruca aenescensis redescribed for comparison. Eight additional new species ofPyrrhaltaare described:P. alishanensissp. nov.,P. houjayisp. nov.,P. formosanensissp. nov.,P. jungchanisp. nov.,P. luisp. nov.,P. meihuaisp. nov.,P. tahsiangisp. nov., andP. wulaiensissp. nov.Type specimens ofGalerucella lineatipesTakei, 1916 were rediscovered and are designated as lectotype and paralectotype.Galerucella lineatipesis removed from synonymy withG. calmariensis(Linnaeus, 1767) and regarded as a senior synonym ofP. humeralis(Chen, 1942),syn. nov.MostPyrrhaltaspecies can be classified into four species groups based on their morphological and genitalic similarity. host plants and other biological information are provided for almost all species.
César et l’apparat royal
Authors: Maillard Dimitri
Published: May 2021

Quand le 15 février 44, à l’occasion des Lupercales, César se présente vêtu de la toge pourpre et s’assoit sur une chaise curule dorée, le dictateur réactive une tradition selon laquelle ces deux éléments n’étaient associés que pour les anciens rois. Un point vient appuyer cette hypothèse : toge pourpre et chaise curule font partie des insignes de pouvoir offerts par le Sénat aux souverains alliés. Le propos s’attache à démontrer la nature royale de ces dons, qui pourraient se fonder sur un costume antérieur à l’apparat républicain. L’incompatibilité entre la chaise curule et la pourpre est levée par César aux Lupercales ; l’ensemble n’est pas commenté par ses contemporains, du fait du diadème tendu par Antoine ce jour-là, mais César réactivait en fait l’ancien apparat royal.
Dynamique des processus de soins
Authors: Faure Karine , Delmas Sarah , Dulac Annelore , Masse Pierre , Vergnes Julie
Published: May 2021

Au travers de trois parcours de soins en hôpital de jour, aux durées et aux rythmes très contrastés, nous avançons que l’absence de durée de soins préétablie ne signifie pas maintenir la chronicité de la pathologie psychique. Par le jeu des processus et du dosage des soins, la clinique évolue et l’appropriation subjective peut survenir.
Le Nouvel ambulatoire en application
Authors: Di Maggio Carole
Published: May 2021

La réorganisation des soins ambulatoires effectué sur un secteur de 130 000 habitants permet de répondre aux enjeux du « Nouvel ambulatoire » avec la mise en place d’un Centre Thérapeutique de Jour regroupant : un Centre Médico-Psychologique pivot, un Infirmier d’Accueil et d’Orientation, un Hôpital de Jour avec des soins de réhabilitation psychosociale. La mise en place d’un dispositif de coordination ville-médico-social-hôpital avec télémédecine et d’une Unité Mobile de Soins Intensifs à Domicile et d’Intervention Précoce est venue compléter les pratiques de soins proposées aux usagers.
Performance of rubber mortars containing silica coated rubber
Authors: Li J. , Chen P. , Cai H. , Xu Y. , Tian X. , Li C. , Cui L.
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the influence of silica coated rubber on the performance of rubber mortars. A classical Stöber sol-gel method is applied to produce a layer of silica coating on rubber particles, which is used to partially replace the fine aggregates in concrete. The effects of the surface-modified rubber particles on the flowability, mechanical strength, capillary water absorption rate, and microstructure of mortars are examined. The results show that the silica coating on the rubber particles reduces the contact angle between the rubber particles from 120° to 103° (i.e., by 17°) and changes the hydrophobic properties from strong hydrophobicity to weak hydrophobicity. The mechanical strengths of mortars are significantly improved by the incorporation of surface-modified rubber particles, i.e., from 41.60% to 44.86% (compressive strength) and from 7.80% to 26.28% (flexural strength). In addition, the incorporation of surface modified rubber particles increases the density of the mortar’s microstructure and enhances the interfaces with its surrounding pastes.
Evaluation of Students’ Understanding the Uncertainties after A New Course “Search for Physics Laws”
Authors: Lozovenko Oksana , Sokolov Yevgeny , Minaiev Yurii
Published: May 2021

The main goal of this paper is to present a new introductory laboratory course “Search for physics laws” and results of its evaluation. It is known that a laboratory course is traditionally one of the most important components of university physics course. And it is supposed that after such course first-year engineering students learn what to do with experimental data. However, authors discovered that most students do not acquire the necessary skills. The presented laboratory physics course is based on the algorithm of systematic construction of skills for conducting an experimental research. The basic method used in the course is the graphical method of error analysis. This method could give students an intuitive understanding of an experimental situation, so it goes through all sessions. The evaluation of the first part of the course is based on responses to a written questionnaire administered to three groups of students: an experimental group (85 students) and two control groups (61 and 23 students). The results suggest that the organized in the new way laboratory sessions has been more successful in improving students’ basic skills of error analysis.
Analysis of Heart Rate Dynamics Before and During Meditation
Authors: Karimi Moridani Mohammad , Habikazemi Tina , Khoramabadi Nahid
Published: May 2021

Heart rate is one of the most important vital signs. People usually face high tension in routine life, and if we found an effective method to control the heart rate, it would be very desirable. One of the goals of this paper is to examine changes in heart rate before and during meditation. Another goal is that what impact could have meditation on the human heartbeat.To heart rate analysis before and during meditation, available heart rate signals have been used for the Physionet database that contains 10 normal subjects and 8 subjects that meditation practice has been done on them. In this paper, first is paid to extract linear and nonlinear characteristics of heart rate and then is paid to the best combination of features to identify two intervals before and during meditation using MLP and SVM classifiers with the help of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy measurements.The achieved results in this paper showed that choosing the best combination of a feature to make a meaningful difference between two intervals before and during meditation includes two-time features (Mean HR, SDNN), a frequency feature ( ), and three nonlinear characteristics   ( ). Also, using the support vector machine had better results than the MLP neural network. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the mean and standard deviation obtained respectively like 92.73  0.23, 89.05 0.67, 89.97 0.23 by using MLP and respectively like 95.96 0.09, 93.80 0.16, and 94.90 0.14 by using SVM.As a result, using meditation can reduce the stress and anxiety of patients by effects on heart rate, and the treatment process speeds up and have an important role in improving the performance of the system.
Accuracy and Efficiency Comparison of Object Detection Open-Source Models
Authors: Jabir Brahim , Falih Noureddine , Rahmani Khalid
Published: May 2021

In agriculture, weeds cause direct damage to the crop, and it primarily affects the crop yield potential. Manual and mechanical weeding methods consume a lot of energy and time and do not give efficient results. Chemical weed control is still the best way to control weeds. However, the widespread and large-scale use of herbicides is harmful to the environment. Our study's objective is to propose an efficient model for a smart system to detect weeds in crops in real-time using computer vision. Our experiment dataset contains images of two different weed species well known in our region strained in this region with a temperate climate. The first is the Phalaris Paradoxa. The second is Convolvulus, manually captured with a professional camera from fields under different lighting conditions (from morning to afternoon in sunny and cloudy weather). The detection of weed and crop has experimented with four recent pre-configured open-source computer vision models for object detection: Detectron2, EfficientDet, YOLO, and Faster R-CNN. The performance comparison of weed detection models is executed on the Open CV and Keras platform using python language.
Relire, repenser Proust
Authors: Yoshikawa Kazuyoshi
Published: May 2021

En 2019, Kazuyoshi Yoshikawa achevait la troisième traduction japonaise d’À la recherche du temps perdu, fruit d’une aventure éditoriale de près de dix ans. Comment rendre accessible ce monument de la littérature française au public nippon ? Et que peut apprendre l’exercice de la traduction sur l’œuvre ?

S’appuyant sur de nombreux exemples, l’auteur nous livre les secrets de sa traduction, des méthodes mises en œuvre aux choix adoptés pour conjuguer lisibilité du discours et restitution du sens. Mais au-delà des principes d’établissement du texte, l’expérience du traducteur se révèle d’une incroyable fécondité : elle éclaire l’œuvre sous un jour nouveau. Kazuyoshi Yoshikawa dévoile ainsi des réflexions inédites sur divers pans du roman, comme la mondanité et le modernisme, la judéité et l’homosexualité, ou encore le sadomasochisme.

Cet ouvrage donne à lire le cycle de quatre conférences que le spécialiste japonais de Proust a commencé de prononcer au Collège de France en mars 2020, avant d’être interrompu par la vague pandémique, et qui est présenté ici dans son intégralité.
An Effect of Fillers on the Structure and Abrasive Wear of Polyurethane Urea
Authors: Senichev Valeriy , Pogorel’tsev Eduard , Slobodinyuk Aleksey , Kiselkov Dmitriy , Makarova Marina
Published: May 2021

The introduction of small amounts of calcium stearate and molybdenum disulfide into polyurethane ureas based on a oligoether of polyoxytetramethylenediol with a molecular weight M~1000 does not lead to a significant change in the abrasive wear mechanism of the polymer material. The concentration dependence of the wear degree on the filler content has an extreme character, which is associated with the different direction of the filler effect on the cohesive and frictional properties of the studied material.