bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Motor Coordination Activity Of Aqueous Extract Of Withania Coagulans Fruits In Swiss Albino Mice By Rota Rod Test
Authors: Kamdi Amit Shankarrao , Gosavi Devesh D. , Kalambe Suvarna M. , Bohra Pankaj N.
Published: June 2020

Background: The various sedative and hypnotic medications used today have the central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects. A very little work has been done on the Withania coagulans – a vulnerable species as it is not found rampant in the world except in late seventies. Therefore, it was important to explore the CNS depressant activities of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits in Swiss albino mice by using rota rod test.

Methods: Motor coordination was assessed by using the Rota Rod Test. The CNS depressant drugs decrease the endurance time of mice on the rota rod as they impair the motor coordination so that mice fall early on the rotating rod. This endurance time is statistically correlated among the control, standard and the test drugs.

Results: There was statistically highly significant (p-value < 0.001) association observed between aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits with endurance time in Swiss albino mice on rota rod test.

Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits demonstrated the CNS depressant activity in Swiss albino mice by rota rod test.
Genetic And Environmental Factors Involved In The Development Of Oral Malformations Such As Cleft Lip/Palate In Non-Syndromic Patients And Open Bite Malocclusion
Authors: Leal M. F. C. , Lemos A. , Costa G. F. , Lopes Cardoso Inês
Published: June 2020

Among the most common malformations observed in the oral cavity are cleft lip/palate and malocclusions, being this last one considered by the World Health Organization, the third public health problem.Malocclusions include the anterior open bite, a change in the vertical plane, that can be of two types: dental anterior open bite and skeletal anterior open bite. Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most common congenital malformations at birth. These malformations result from a failure in the normal craniofacial development process, which requires the coordination of a complex series of events. From the embryological point of view, the cleft lip/palate is a consequence of the failure of the first superior branchial arch to complete fusion with the frontonasal process during pregnancy.All these malformations result from the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors involved in the development of malocclusions are deleterious habits, mouth breathing and trauma. Several genes involved in the development of facial bones, muscles and teeth are also responsible for the development of malocclusions. In the same way, clefts development is a multifactorial trait where multiple genes are involved as well as environmental factor like alcohol consumption, tobacco, exposure to pesticides or toxic solvents, in a complex interaction.All these factors may jeopardize the normal functioning of the stomatognathic system and the consequent quality of life of the patient. The purpose of this study was to review the literature concerning the genetic and environmental aspects involved in the development of these malformations.
Simulation in Medical Education: Perceptions of Medical Students’ Learning Experience in a History-Taking Module
Authors: Ulzen Angelina A. , Adefolalu Adegoke O.
Published: June 2020

Effective communication skills are a core competency required of all doctors;  an important tool that facilitates proper history-taking during the doctor-patient interaction. The teaching of this skill is now an integral part of undergraduate medical education and is largely taught using simulation techniques. The current study aimed to explore  medical students’ perceptions of their learning experience in a history-taking module which was done via simulated learning. Qualitative descriptive methodology was used in this study.   Data was collected through focus group discussions from a total of 17 participants. These were purposefully sampled from the target population of second-year medical students who had recently completed the history-taking module. during the 2017 academic year. All data was analyzed thematically, using an inductive approach to identify the emerging themes. Three major themes emerged from the thematic analysis of the qualitative data with sub-themes under each of them. The three major themes were: the ‘portals of learning’, challenges to learning and reflections on learning. The research shown that the simulated approach is particularly useful in the teaching and learning of communication skills in history-taking. The findings suggested three main areas the students’ perceptions focused on which shed light on possible reasons for not achieving proficiency in history-taking. These relate to the ways in which learning opportunities were offered, the challenges encountered in the learning process and reflections on the learning experience.
Risk Factors For The Presence Of Artemisinin Antibodies Amongst Patients Undergoing Treatment For Malaria In Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Ogefere Helen Oroboghae , Idemudia Nosakhare Lawrence , Omoregie Richard
Published: June 2020

Artemisinin have being used for the control of malaria worldwide for over a decade and its listing by WHO as the first-line drug for treatment of both severe and uncomplicated malaria and the observed treatment failure have warranted the need to screening malaria patients for the presence of antibodies to malaria. In our locality where there is unregulated use of antimicrobials, the need to ascertain the prevalence of antibodies to artemisinin and evaluate the potential risk factors cannot be overemphasised, hence this study. Blood specimens were collected from 400 randomised patients undergoing treatment for malaria in Benin City, Nigeria. Data on socio-demography were collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. Artemisinin antibodies were detected by drug absorption mechanism (DAM) and immune complex reaction (IMC) methods. ABO, rhesus blood group, and haemoglobin (Hb) phenotype were determined by using standard technique. A total of 112(28.00%) out of the 400 participants had artemisinin antibodies. Gender, marital status, level of education, residential area and living arrangement did not significantly affect the prevalence of artemisinin antibodies whereas age and ethnicity significantly affected the prevalence of artemisinin antibodies (p=0.0244 and 0.0001 respectively). Duration of the last artemisinin used and the mostly used brand of artemisinin as well as the ABO and rhesus blood groups and haemoglobin phenotypes did not significantly affect the production of artemisinin antibodies. Although of all the risk factors age and ethnicity were identified as the only risk factors for the development of artemisinin, we therefore advocate the prudent use of artemisinin-containing antimalarial and concerted efforts in combating self-medication with this drugs to avoid the development of resistance.
Status of Curriculum Mapping of Undergraduate Medical Programmes in South Africa
Authors: Botha Gerda C. , Adefolalu Adegoke O.
Published: June 2020

Curriculum mapping in medical education allows for quick determination whether the curriculum meets the required standards and if its contents are aligned with the learning outcomes. This ensures the curriculum stays relevant, producing graduates capable of addressing the health needs of the institution’s host community. The status of curriculum mapping of the undergraduate medical programmes in South African medical schools was not documented in the literature at the time of this research. This study aimed to describe the current status of curriculum mapping of undergraduate medical programmes in South Africa. A qualitative study was conducted among the academic managers from all the eight medical schools in 2015. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from fourteen participants who were purposefully sampled, and data analysis was done by inductive thematic analysis after coding and verbatim transcriptions. None of the medical schools had a fully developed mapping platform, however they all possessed various guides and matrices that contained components of their curricula which were mainly used for accreditation purposes. In addition, they all had strategies in place for reviewing their curricula, although some of the institutions were at different stages of developing their own mapping platforms. The challenges described by the institutions as barriers to curriculum review appeared to be related to lack of a proper curriculum mapping process. In conclusion, curriculum mapping was in infancy stage at the time of this research in South Africa, the medical schools that were in the process or about to develop electronic mapping platforms had no uniform outcome framework. Future research on the features of the mapping platforms developed by all the institutions is highly recommended.
Pericardial Tamponade And Lung Adenocarcinoma: Case Report And Literature Review
Authors: Lozano-Díez Irene , López-Rodríguez María , Cagide-González Laia , Díaz-Peromingo José Antonio
Published: June 2020

Pericardial effusion is the accumulation of fluid between the layers of the pericardium. I massive, pericardial tamponade and compression of the myocardium are life threatening conditions. The causes of pericardial effusion are varied, from idiopathic, neoplasms, iatrogenesis, and autoimmune. Pericardial tamponade can be a complication of neoplastic disease. Malignancy must be ruled out in every cardiac tamponade. Malignant etiology must be considered in patients with previous history of malignancy, pericarditis that does not respond to anti-inflammatory treatment, pericardial effusion that increases its amount rapidly, or recurrent pericardial effusion. Metastatic pericardial effusion due to lung cancer is not rare but not all lung cancers involve the same way the pericardium. In this paper, we present the case of a previously healthy patient with pericardial tamponade as presentation form of a lung adenocarcinoma and review the literature.
Aerosol Reduction In Dentistry: Minimizing Risk Of Covid 19
Authors: Lakhani Bhanu P. , Sharma Apoorva , Sanwalka Varun , Lakhani Pulkit
Published: June 2020

— Introduction: The challenging times of COVID 19 pandemic pose a greater risk to dental professionals and patients. Since the worldwide outbreak, dental offices have been advised to disrupt regular functioning. Aim and Objective: This article aims to discuss measures of infection prevention and control, special procedural recommendations to minimize disease transmission while reducing aerosol generation, surface disinfection and careful waste management to assist dental offices to limit the risk of COVID 19. Conclusion: Adhering to the principles of infection control and non-aerosol generating practices in dental office could help control disease transmission, keeping the dental professionals and the patients safe.
COVD-19 And Final Year Medical Students’ Learning Process In Oman: Exploring Knowledge, Consequences And Preparedness For Internship
Authors: Al-Saadi Hatem , Al-Busaidi Fatma , Al-Kalbani Marwa , Al-Abri Said , Malallah Haya , Al-Saadi Jameela , Al-Saadi Ahlam , Rao Vittal , Al-Saadi Tariq Dhiyab
Published: June 2020

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a cluster of acute respiratory illness that was first identified in Wuhan Province in China. The virus causing this syndrome is known as SARS-CoV-2. The COVID 19 pandemic affects every aspect of our life, including education, work, travel, business, and social life. Aim: To evaluate the final year medical students' perceptions of their preparedness for internship and assess their awareness of COVID-19 and patients’ management in the Sultanate of Oman. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of cohort of final year medical students at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) and National University of Science and Technology (NU) was distributed to 227 students in both medical schools from 21st to 28th of April 2020. A total of 99 students fully completed the survey with a response rate of 43.6%. The survey had five sections exploring perceptions on preparedness for internship and awareness and knowledge on COVID-19, training, and implications. Results: Majority of participants (82.8%) were 24-26 years old. Omani students accounted for 88.9% of the participants. 81.4 of SQU participants were competent in carrying ward’s practical procedures comparing to 39.3% of NU participants (p<0.05). There was a higher level of awareness of the current ministry of health policies on the management of patients with COVID-19 with NU participants than SQU (p < 0.005). Training on preparedness for COVID-19 was higher in females than males (p= 0.02). Conclusion: COVID-19 has affected the teaching process and limited student- patient interactions. With ongoing rise in confirmed cases every day, the uncertainty of the duration of the suspension of on-campus teaching in higher education institutions in Oman is still ongoing. The overall perceptions of preparedness for internship among medical students in Oman are good. However, further education in emergency management and training on practical procedures are still required.
Blood Pressure Profiles And Determinants Of Hypertension Among Public Secondary School Students In Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ugochukwu Ebelechuku Francesca , Onubogu Chinyere Ukamaka , Ofora Victoria C. , Okeke Kenneth Nchekwube , Uju Chinenye M.
Published: June 2020

Background: Hypertension and associated factors among adolescents have not been given the deserved attention in health care, more so as hypertensive children end up as hypertensive adults with serious co-morbidities. This is even more expedient among public school students, who in our environment are generally of lower socioeconomic status than those in private schools.
Objective: To determine the BP profiles and association of obesity indicators, socioeconomic level and physical activity with hypertension among public secondary school students.
Methodology: A cross-sectional school-based assessment of blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), weight to height ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), physical activity and socioeconomic level among 593 students aged 10 – 17 years in public schools in Nnewi, Southeast Nigeria was carried out.
Results: The mean systolic BP increased with age and was higher for girls than for boys. The prevalence of systolic hypertension and prehypertension were 8.4% and 6.6% respectively, while that of diastolic hypertension and prehypertension were 5.7% and 11.8% respectively. Both systolic and diastolic hypertension occurred in 2.4% of students. Girls had a higher prevalence of hypertension – both systolic and diastolic. There was no significant gender difference in the prevalence of systolic hypertension and prehypertension between early and late adolescents. Early adolescent males were more likely to have diastolic hypertension and prehypertension compared to late adolescent males, while no difference in prevalence was noted among the females. Systolic hypertension was more evident in the lower socioeconomic level, those with minimal physical activity, and those in the obese/overweight categories of BMI, WC, and WHR.
Conclusion: There is a noteworthy prevalence of hypertension among adolescent public secondary school students in Nnewi. This was significantly higher among the female gender, lower socioeconomic level and students with minimal physical activity. Waist circumference in the obese/overweight category very likely predicts hypertension.
Assessment of Fluid Intake Pattern in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ibeh Christian Chiibuzo , Jisieike-Onuigbo Nonyelum Nnenna , Emelumadu Fidelia Obiageli , Ifeadike Chigozie Ozoemena , Umeh Mary Jane , Onah Christian Ejike , Mbanuzuru Ahoma Victor , Obi Darlington C. , Ogbuagu Chukwuanugo Nkemakonam
Published: June 2020

Background: Water is essential for life and accounts for about 70 percent of the human body fat-free mass. Daily loss of 2.5 L in temperate climate occurs on least minimal activity while exercises, rises in temperature, illnesses raise the fluid loss. Adequate intake of water is necessary for optimal body functions, development and health. Estimates of water intake shows wide variations depending on factors such as temperature, activity level, availability and accessibility of fluid, fluid type, packaging, and socio-cultural factors.

Context and purpose of study: Residents in the tropics are exposed to high temperatures and loss of excess fluid from perspiration and would expectedly require high fluid intake for normal body function. A cross sectional study was conducted in Aanmbra State, southeast Nigeria to assess the fluid intake of subjects. Two hundred and fifty people were selected by multi-stage sampling technique. They were drawn from employees in government secretariats, banks and artisans engaged in motor mechanic worksites. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, calibrated plastic cups, weighing scale and standiometer, the socio-demographic data, the 24-hour fluid intake, weight and height of the subjects were obtained.

Results: The mean age of the respondents was 36.6±11.5 years. 60.1% (146) were males while 39.9% (97) were females. There were 130 (53.5%) civil servants and 113 (46.5%) artisans. The median 24-hour fluid intake was 3.5 litres with artisans having higher intake than the civil servants. (χ2 =16.57, df=2, p<0.05). The median fluid intake for males was 3.8 litres compared with 3.1 L for females.

Main findings: Less than one quarter of the subjects met the respective WHO recommendations for males and females. About half (47.9%) of the males and 39.2% of the females failed to meet the USA IOM recommendations.

Conclusions: The subjects drank less fluid than people in temperate climes and below international recommendations for moderate activities and for manual labour in high temperatures.

Brief summary and potential implications: Inadequate intake of fluid lead to reduced work/exercise performance, endanger health resulting in impaired cognition, kidney diseases, cardiovascular disorders and dysfunction in blood sugar regulation.
A Decrease In Visual Acuity Revealing A Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: Brahim Salem Joumany , Dahi Sidi , Khammaily Mahdi , Akioud Wafa , Mouzari Yassine , Reda Karim , Oubaaz Abdelbarre
Published: June 2020

Pituitary apoplexy is caused by an infarction or a hemorrhage in a pituitary adenoma. It is a very serious but rare accident. We present the case of a 28-year-old patient with no specific history who had experienced severe acute headache and a sudden decrease in visual acuity. Clinical examination showed a VA with negative light perception on the right and 1/10 on the left , bilateral aréflective mydriasis ODG, ocular motility preserved bilaterally, with normal FO in both eyes. An emergency CT scan of the brain reveals a giant intra-sellar pituitary adenoma and a hemorrhagic area in it’s center evoking a picture of pituitary apoplexy.
Posterior Scleritis: About A Case
Authors: Brahim Salem Joumany , Khammaily Mahdi , Dahi Sidi , Houda Brarrou , Mouzari Yassine , Reda Karim , Oubaaz Abdelbarre
Published: June 2020

Posterior scleritis is a rare and often unknown condition that can simulate many conditions including intraocular tumor or orbital pathology. We report the case of a 44-year-old patient with left eye pain and redness followed by a significant decrease in visual acuity. Clinical examination showed papillary hyperemia, chorioretinal folds at the posterior pole, venous tortuosity, and absence of hyalitis or vasculitis in the fundus oculi associated angiography retinal. Orbital-cerebral MRI and B ultrasound allowed the diagnosis of posterior scleritis
Posterior Capsulotomy Rate And Dysphotopsias Following Implantation Of Hoya iSert 250 Monofocal Intraocular Lens: 24 Month Study
Authors: Ansari Ejaz
Published: June 2020

Purpose: to evaluate dysphotopsias, patient satisfaction and posterior capsulotomy rate in patients undergoing phacoemulsification and implantation with Hoya iSert 250 monofocal intraocular lens (IOL). Design: retrospective cohort study. Setting- Teaching unit at a District General Hospital, UK. Methods: patients were implanted with the hydrophobic acrylic Hoya iSert 250 monofocal IOL through a 2.2mm clear corneal/ limbal incision. For dysphotopsia data, patients responded to a telephone questionnaire describing any visual symptoms and their satisfaction. Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records, paper notes and laser records. Eyes from patients (mean age 73.6 range 64-93 years) undergoing cataract surgery with implantation of Hoya iSert 250 IOL during the period January 1, 2014 and July 31, 2014, and 2-year follow-up were analysed. Main outcome measures: dysphotopsia rate, patient satisfaction and posterior capsulotomy rate. Results: 106 patients had the Hoya iSert 250 lenses implanted over a seven month period in 2014. 88 patients were contacted at 24 months post- operatively. 18 had passed away or were not contactable. 61 patients completed the survey. 15 patients (24.5%) reported transient positive dysphotopsias. One patient (1.6%) reported negative dysphotopsia. 95% were either very satisfied or satisfied with their vision (59% 'very satisfied' and 36% 'satisfied'). 3 patients (4.9%) had a YAG laser capsulotomy within 24 months post-operatively. Conclusions: the Hoya iSert 250 monofocal IOL was associated with low dysphotopsia and posterior capsulotomy rates with the majority of patients being 'Very Satisfied' with their vision at 24 months. Posterior capsulotomy rate and dysphotopsias following implantation of Hoya iSert 250 monofocal intraocular lens: 24 month study.
Antidepressants In General Practice And Psychiatry
Authors: Lebedyn Zoryana
Published: June 2020

Depression can be compared to a fire that occurs in our head. Gradually, it burns what used to be pleasurable, leaving only the feeling of emptiness and sadness. It influences thoughts, emotions, thinking and affects the everyday activities. Depression is a disorder characterized by a constant state of sadness and hopelessness. Depressed person loses interest in any activity that is usually brings pleasure, as well as the inability to perform daily living activities. These symptoms should be permanent (at least two weeks). Bad mood once a month, with or without a reason, cannot immediately be called depression. This insidious disorder destroys relationships, impedes normal functioning and can even lead to job loss. Accumulation of problems, the lack of support from family members and the lack of skilled help can lead to even more devastating behaviour and even suicide. This review article discusses the problems associated with the treatment of depression and the impact of this problem on the lives of Nations. The value of antidepressants in the treatment process discussed in details.
Orbital Leiomyosarcoma After Bilateral Retinoblastoma Treated With Chemotherapy And Radiotherapy
Authors: Smyth Aoife , McElnea Elizabeth M. , McKelvie Penelope , McNab Alan
Published: June 2020

A 23-year old man presented with a swelling medially in his left orbit. He had had bilateral retinoblastoma as an infant and was treated with bilateral enucleation, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Histological examination confirmed the lesion to be leiomyosarcoma. A genetic defect in the RB1 tumour suppressor gene underlies the development of hereditary retinoblastoma and renders patients at substantially increased risk of developing subsequent non-ocular malignancies including soft tissue sarcomas. This risk is enhanced by radiotherapy particularly if administered before the age of one year. Awareness, by both patients and healthcare professionals, of this risk of secondary malignancy, is extremely important. Identification and aggressive investigation of new symptoms and signs may allow for the earlier detection of secondary malignancy which may, in turn, improve outcomes.
Oral Ascorbic Acid And α-Tocopherol Protect On Di-(2-Ethyl Hexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) Induced Effects On Gonadotoxicity In The Adult Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ogli Sunday Adakole , Odeh Samuel O.
Published: June 2020

Environmental pollutants such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) adversely affect reproductive system tissue differentiation and functions with exposure at intrauterine, neonatal or adult stages of life, thereby potentiating male infertility later in life. World health organization estimates a global infertility prevalent rate of 10-15%, and 20-30% among Nigerians, with male factor constituting about 40-50% of infertility cases. This study was designed to investigate the effect(s) of oral vitamins C and E on DEHP induced changes in some semen parameters and serum testosterone concentration in adult Wistar rats. Seventy (70) adult male Wistar rats weighing between 156-250 g were randomised into 7 experimental groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (group n=10). Animals in groups 1, 2 and 3 were treated with 0.02 mg, 20 mg, 200 mg oral DEHP/kg bw daily respectively, while those in groups 4, 5 and 6, in addition to the above DEHP treatments, were treated with 100 mg ascorbic acid and 67.5 mg α-tocopherol per kg bw daily respectively. Rats in group 7 served as Control and were treated with vehicle. All treatments lasted for 60 days. After, over night fasting, samples of semen and serum were obtained for analysis. Results obtained were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed for significant differences in means using one way ANOVA and Post Hoc test. Relative to the control reference values, groups exposed to oral DEHP had significant (p<0.05) reduction in sperm count, total sperm motility, active sperm motility, normal sperm morphology, serum testosterone concentration  and serum super oxide dismutase levels to 31.70±18.68x106 cells/mL, 38.60±24.78%, 8.50±5.66%, 38.00±18.00%, 9.56±1.34 ng/mL and 0.017±0.0013 units respectively. Sluggish sperm motility and abnormal sperm morphology significantly (p˂0.01) increased to 39.70±13.05% and 68.50±18.42% respectively. In the groups that had DEHP co-treatments with oral ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol, all studied parameters tended to comparative indifference statistically, with the Controls values. This indicates a protective function against DEHP effects on the studied parameters. The study has shown therefore, that DEHP inflicts oxidative stress in the reproductive system which potentially suppresses serum testosterone concentration with attendant derangements in the qualitative and quantitative sperm cells in adult Wistar rats, and thereby enhancing male infertility. However, the antioxidants ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol protects the gonadal and sperm cells from the harmful effects of DEHP by ameliorating oxidative stress and improving male fertility. This implies that there is need to avoid prolonged exposure to DEHP while encouraging the daily intake of oral ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol.
Mammogram: Does Music Therapy Helps?
Authors: Mohd Zain Norhayati , Che Mut Nur Anis Izzati , Ruslizam Nur Fatin , Mohd Norsuddin Norhashimah , Abdullah Suhaimi Siti Aishah , Ahmad Dahari Munirah , Hasan Nur Amalina
Published: June 2020

Anxiety was the barrier mostly chosen by women for not performing mammography examination. Music was perceived as an effective method in reducing these barriers. Thus, this study was done to investigate how music would influence anxiety level among women undergoing mammogram screening. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at randomly selected private hospitals around Klang Valley. The ’State-Trait Anxiety Inventory’ form was used to measure the level of anxiety. Respondents were categorized into two groups, which are control (no music) and experimental (with music) groups. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the anxiety level and T-test analysis were used to compare the anxiety level between both groups. A total of 60 respondents participated in this study in which 30 (50.0%) were in a control group and 30 (50.0%) were in the experimental group. Mean age of respondents were 53.5 (±12.7) years. The anxiety level is high in women who underwent mammography with no music (60.0%) as compared those with music (53.3%), although the difference is not significant (p>0.05). Music intervention has potential in reducing anxiety level during mammography examination.
Fungi Associated With Persistent Cough In Immunocompromised Hosts In Jos And Environ
Authors: Ojo Bola O. , Junaid S. A. , Ajimojuowo F. B. , Okunnuga A. A. , Okunnuga N. A. , Oguntunnbi D. E. , Jegede O. , Oguntunnbi L. T.
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to determine the fungi associated with persistent cough in immunocompromised patients attending Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) and Vom Christian Hospital both in Plateau State. Hundred (100) immunocompromised patients with persistent cough were selected by random sampling. The sputum samples were collected and assayed for fungi using standard methods. The degree of disparity was analyzed using statistical method. Four different fungi were isolated from sputum of 37 (37%) immunocompromised patient with persistent cough, with Candida albicans been the highest 18 (48.6%) followed by Aspergillus niger 12 (32.4%), Cryptococcus neoformans 5 (13.5%) and Penicilium species 2(5.4%). Male subjects 22 (22%) were more susceptible to fungi associated cough than female 15(15%) with significant difference (P value 0.026). HIV, Tuberculosis and co-infection of both (HIV and TB) and prolong use of antibiotics were more predisposing factor associated with fungi related cough. These isolates were tested on 5 antifungal drugs. Ketoconazole and intraconazole were most susceptible to 83.8% of isolates, Amphotericin B had 54.1% susceptible while Griseofulvin and Vericonazole were 18.9% susceptible to the isolates. However, in managing the immunocompromised patient, there is a need for antifungal prophylaxis and sending of sample of immunocompromised host with persistent cough not only for bacteriological analysis but also mycological evaluation.
COVID-19 Infection Cause Moderate-Severe Psoriasis Flare Up
Authors: Al Abadie Mohammed Sami
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 virus pandemic is reaching its peak in Europe after first reported at Wuhan province in China about 6 months ago.  It has been associated with many different presentations, signs and symptoms affecting the skin.   However, this report is first to confirm the direct link between the virus and flare up of moderate-severe psoriasis.  Further observations will be needed in order to combat the escalation of severity and course of psoriasis and possibly psoriatic arthritis.
Ocular Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Khamaily Mehdi , Salem Joumany Brahim , Brarou Houda , Dahi Sidi , Omari Abdelhadi , Mouzari Yassine , El Asri Fouad , Reda Karim , Oubaaz Abdelbarre
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare intra-epidermal autoimmune dermatosis, characterized by bullous cutaneous and mucosal involvement. Ocular involvement is relatively rare, of which blepharitis or conjunctivitis with hyperemia and secretions are the most described lesions

Methods: we report the case of a patient, who was hospitalized in dermatology for dermatological pemphigus with ocular involvement.

Results: the patient presented an erosive bilateral cutaneous-palpebral lesions with purulent secretions associated with conjunctival hyperemia

Conclusion: Ocular involvement in the common pemphigus remains an exception, the prognosis of which is often mild.
Cephalometric Norms Among Qatari Females
Authors: Hashim Hayder Abdallah , AL-Sayed Najah , AL-Qaisi Ayah
Published: June 2020

Aims: The aims of this study were to introduce cephalometric norms for Qatari females and compare the result with previous published reports.

Material and method: The sample consisted of 57 cephalographs with age range 18 to 25 years old. All subjects satisfied the criteria of selection. Cephalometric measurements of Qatari females were then compared with Eastman Standard norms and Arabs studies as well as reports conducted among Oriental and Black races.

Results: The result indicates that Qatari females presented with higher mean values of sagittal and vertical relationship compared to Caucasian cephalometric norms. In terms of dental variables proclined upper and lower incisors in relation to their dental bases, and a reduction in inter-incisal angle. The soft tissue variables indicate that the lips were slightly protrusive in relation to Rickett’s esthetic line, and the nasolabial angle was less obtuse. The bimaxillary proclination and protrusion of the upper and lower incisors were existed in all Arab populations as well as in Black and Oriental races whereas the Caucasian had retrusive dentition.

Conclusion: Due to limitation of the present study, it is difficult to draw a solid conclusion due to small sample size.  Hence, large sample size is recommended for both sexes in order to establish cephalometric norms which will be of great help not only to the orthodontist but also to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon as well as the pedodontist.
Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Protocol For Prevention And Treatment (Covalyse®)
Authors: Mputu Kanyinda Jean-Noël
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an extremely infectious disease and has already infected nearly seven million people and caused more than 402,852 deaths in the world. Based on our current knowledge of this virus and in the absence of a vaccine, this article is an attempt to propose ways to prevent, treat and control the COVID-19 virus, using medicinal plants such as Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Cymbopogon citratus, Mentha, citrus, Zingiber officinale, Syzygium aromaticum which have been shown to be effective.
New Thermodynamics: Reversibility, Entropy and Adiabatic Processes
Authors: Mayhew Kent W.
Published: June 2020

Accepted assertions concerning entropy and reversibility in both isentropic and adiabatic processes will be investigated and challenged. The ultimate conclusion being that accepted thermodynamics is an over-complication.

Furthermore, the need for natural logarithmic functions will be explained. This functionality no longer depends upon entropy, whatever entropy’s true guise turns out to be. Moreover, it will be discussed how isothermal entropy change is embedded in circular logic.
Toward Classical Models of Nucleons and Nuclei
Authors: Selke David Lloyd
Published: June 2020

Nuclear models can be complicated and far from first principles. Inspired by Mills' Grand Unified Theory of Classical Physics, we will present a model of the interior of nucleons that predicts their masses well considering its simplicity. Then we will apply Mills' nucleon model to the problem of computing nuclear binding energies. Because the theory is constrained to agree with classical physics including Maxwell's Equations and Newton's Laws, for instance lacking special forces that only operate in the nucleus, the possible compatible nuclear theories are strictly limited which should make finding them easier.
Использование электронных устройств участниками образовательного процесса при традиционной и дистанционной формах обучения
Authors: Милушкина О. Ю. , В. И. Попов В. И. , Скоблина Н. А. , Маркелова С. В. , Соколова Н. В.
Published: June 2020

Внедрение дистанционного обучения весной 2020 г. привело к увеличению интенсивности использования информационно-коммуникационных технологий участниками образовательного процесса. Цель работы — дать гигиеническую характеристику использования электронных устройств школьниками, их родителями и учителями организаций общего образования в условиях различных режимов обучения (традиционного и дистанционного). В исследовании посредством онлайн-опроса приняли участие 200 школьников, 389 учителей и 251 родитель в период традиционного обучения, 658 учителей и 500 родителей — в период дистанционного обучения. При статистической обработке результатов использовали t-критерий Стьюдента, критерий χ2, коэффициент сопряженности Пирсона, относительный риск определяли с помощью четырехпольных таблиц сопряженности, p ≤ 0,05. В период дистанционного обучения увеличились число используемых электронных устройств у 96,6% школьников и время работы с ними. Увеличение числа жалоб на самочувствие учащихся отметили до 80% родителей, из них более 60% указывали на симптомы, характерные для компьютерно-зрительного синдрома. Установлена связь между возможностью отказа от использования электронного устройства и субъективной оценкой респондентами своего зрения как «отличное» и «хорошее» (КС Пирсона 0,3; p ≤ 0,05). Подтвержден риск субъективной оценки зрения как «удовлетворительное» и «плохое» при ежедневном использовании электронного устройства: для школьников — 1,13, родителей — 1,41, учителей — 1,27 (p ≤ 0,05). Обоснован в качестве меры профилактики нарушения зрения отказ от использования электронного устройства минимум на один день в неделю.
PENGGUNAAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INDONESIA PADA GENERASI MILLENIAL
Authors: Listeani Fernanda Yusi
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk makna bahasa millenial ke bahasa Indonesia dari aspek bahasa tulis saat percakapan di group WhatsApp Pramuka Libelta dan Flascheetos. Penelitian dilakukan di SMAN 15 Kabupaten Tangerang kelas XI di bulan Oktober dan November 2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah longitudinal, memperhatikan siswa saat berkomunikasi selama dua bulan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan angket daring. Data tersebut kemudian diidentifikasi, ditranskripsikan, diamati, dan dianalisis secara empiris. Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh, diklasifikasikan sesuai dengan masalah yang menjadi fokus penelitian. Bahasa Indonesia pada ragam bahasa millenial yang ditemukan dalam percakapan anggota group Pramuka Libelta dan Flascheetos dapat dilihat berdasarkan pola pembentuknya. Hasil pengumpulan data ditemukan 102 kosakata slang/bahasa millenial. 75% siswa menggunakan 5 kosakata yang paling sering diucapkan seperti; kuy, anjay, ashiyaap, mantaps djiwa, dan mantul. Analisis kosakata slang/bahasa millenial berdasarkan bentuk kata dasar sebanyak 45 kosakata, bentuk frasa sebanyak 34 kosakata, kosakata dengan singkatan sebanyak 13 kosakata, dan kosakata pemenggalan sebanyak 10 kosakata.  kata kunci : kosakata, bahasa, generasi millenial
ASPEK MORALITAS FILM CINDERELLA
Authors: Mubasyira Mu’thia
Published: June 2020

Karya sastra dapat berbentuk prosa, puisi ataupun film. Film sebagai salah satu bentuk dari karya sastra pun dapat dikatagorikan dalam bentuk fiksi dan non fiksi. Pada penelitian ini, penulis mengangkat film bertemakan ketulusan dan pengorbanan. Film yang diambil sebagai objek penelitian berjudul Cinderella. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis aspek-aspek moralitas yang terdapat dalam film ini. Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menambah khazanah ilmu pengetahuan terutama sastra dan dapat menjadi referensi tambahan bagi peminatnya terutama peminat film. Kata kunci: sastra, film, moralitas
PELAKSANAAN PENILAIAN AUTENTIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KAJIAN: ONTOLOGI, EPISTEMOLOGI, DAN AKSIOLOGI
Authors: B.A.I. Prameswari Dyah Gayatri
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian analisis ini untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) tinjauan ontologi penilaian autentik guru bahasa Indonesia dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia; (2) tinjauan epistimologi penilaian autentik guru bahasa Indonesia dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia; (3) tinjauan aksiologi penilaian autentik guru bahasa Indonesia dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analisis konten dengan objek hasil penelitian penilaian autentik guru bahasa Indonesia dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penafsiran secara deskriptif. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) penilaian autentik dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia didapat dari nilai atau skor yang diperoleh dari kemampuan peserta didik ketika proses belajar mengajar. Keterampilan pembelajaran peserta didik lebih ditekankan pada teks; (2) metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melaksanakan penilaian autentik; dan (3) nilai etika seseorang dalam melakukan pengambilan skor.Kata kunci: Penilaian autentik, ontologi, epistimologi, aksiologi
ANALISIS WACANA CERITA RAKYAT SUMBAWA: KAJIAN STRUKTURAL DAN NILAI EDUKATIF
Authors: Nurjadin Rusmin
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini adalah sebuah studi untuk mendeskripsikan struktur cerita dan nilai edukatif yang terdapat di dalam cerita rakyat Sumbawa. Cerita rakyat yang digunakan dalam penelitian yakni: (1) “Tanjung Menangis”, (2) “Buen Lajendre”, (3) “Sari Bulan”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan analisis isi (content analysis) yang berfokus pada satu sasaran (subjek), yaitu cerita rakyat Sumbawa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi pustaka dan wawancara sejumlah narasumber.Wacana dianalisis menggunakan teknik cuplikan (sampling) yaitu dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan pendekatan struktural dan analisis model interaktif (interactive model of analysis).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur yang sederhana dan amanat yang terkandung dalam cerita rakyat Sumbawa cukup bervariasi. Nilai edukatif yang terdapat di dalam ketiga cerita rakyat Sumbawatersebut antara lain nilai edukatif moral, nilai edukatif adat (tradisi), nilai edukatif agama (religi), nilai edukatif sejarah (historis) dan nilai kepahlawanan. Kata kunci: analisis wacana, cerita rakyat, Sumbawa, nilai edukatif, kajian struktural.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN BUKU TEKS PINTAR BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS VII SMP/MTS SEMESTER I
Authors: B.A.I Prameswari Dyah Gayatri B.A.I
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian analisis ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) sistematika penyajian buku teks Pintar Bahasa Indonesia kelas VII semester I; (2) keruntutan penyajian buku teks Pintar Bahasa Indonesia kelas VII semester I; (3) kelayakan isi buku teks Pintar Bahasa Indonesia kelas VII semester I; (4) kelayakan penyajian bahasa dalam buku teks Pintar Bahasa Indonesia kelas VII semester I. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis konten dengan sumber utama buku teks Pintar Bahasa Indonesia kelas VII SMP/MTs Semester I. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan validitas semantik dan reliabilitas interrater. Berdasarkan hasil analisis buku teks yang dilakukan disimpulkan bahwa: (1) sistematika penyajian buku masih terdapat kekurangan dalam sistematika penyusunan, (2) keruntutan penyajian buku teks layak dan memiliki hubungan yang logis, (3) kelayakan penyajian isi buku teks memuat materi yang sesuai dengan kompetensi dan perkembangan intelektual peserta didik, dan (4) kelayakan bahasa buku teks sesuai dengan pedoman umum ejaan bahasa Indonesia. Kata Kunci: analisis konten, buku teks, bahasa Indonesia
LITERASI BAHASA DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA DAN MENULIS PADA SISWA SMP KOTA BEKASI
Authors: Ati Aster Pujaning , Widiyarto Sigit
Published: June 2020

Budaya membaca dan menulis dikalangan siswa masih rendah, perlu adanya upaya sungguh – sungguh dari berbagai kalangan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan peran literasi bahasa dalam meningkatkan minat baca pada siswa SMP Attaqwa Bekasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru dan siswa dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data penelitian ini menggunakan trianggulasi sumber dan trianggulasi teknik. Data dianalisis secara interaktif yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajiandata, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi.Responden sebanyak 25 siswa SMP kelas VII. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2019 sampai dengan Februari 2020. Berdasarkan data yang terkumpul, kemudian didiskripsikan dan dianalisis. Penulis dapat menarik kesimpulan bahwa 1) kegiatan literasi di SMP Attaqwa berperan dalam memotivasi siswa untuk menyukai kegiatan membaca dan menulis, 2) hambatan pihak sekolah dalam meningkatkan minat membaca dan menulis siswa kelas atas melalui kegiatan literasi yakni kedisiplinan, pembiasaan siswa, minat, dan metode yang diterapkan guru, dan 3) upaya pihak sekolah untuk meningkatkan minat membaca dan menulis siswa kelas atas melalui kegiatan literasi adalah pihak sekolah selalu memberikan sosialisasi mengenai kegiatan literasi, mengenalkan pentingnya menumbuhkan minat dan mengadakan lomba-lomba sebagai wadah siswa untuk berpartisipasi aktif. Kata Kunci : peran, literasi bahasa, minat baca, menulis
PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA: BERBAGAI KENDALA DALAM BERMAIN DRAMA BAGI MAHASISWA
Authors: Harahap Safinatul Hasanah Harahap
Published: June 2020

Pembelajaran sastra dapat digunakan sebagai media dalam membentuk pola pikir dan karakter mahasiswa. Drama merupakan jenis dari sastra yang dipelajari sebagai bagian dari materi sastra. Memerankan tokoh dalam drama memiliki kesulitan yang berbeda pada setiap pemain. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan berbagai kendala yang dialami pemeran tokoh dalam drama saat melakukan pertunjukan drama dari sudut pandang mahasiswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dari wawancara yang dilakukan pada 61 mahasiswa yang mengampu mata kuliah dengan materi bermain drama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kendala bermain drama berasal dari faktor internal (rasa percaya diri, konsentrasi, dan motivasi) dan faktor eksternal (penemuan karakter tokoh drama, pelaksanaan proses latihan, dan penerapan kerja sama tim).Kata kunci: pembelajaran sastra, drama, bermain drama
PEMETAAN CERITA RAKYAT KAMPUNG BUDAYA MELAYU KABUPATEN SERDANG BEDAGAI
Authors: Daulay Mhd. Anggie Januarsyah , Gafari Mhd. Oky Fardian Gafari , Nasution Abdul Haris
Published: June 2020

Secara umum, program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat berjudul Pemetaan Cerita Rakyat Kampung Budaya Melayu Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai ini adalah kegiatan pendampingan oleh tim pelaksana pada Komunitas Seni dan Budaya Desa Pekan Tanjung Beringin. Adapun tujuan program ini adalah untuk 1) melestarikan budaya lokal di Kampung Budaya Melayu Desa Pekan Tanjung Beringin Kecamatan Tanjung Beringin, dan 2) menggali dan menghidupkan kembali cerita rakyat yang mulai dilupakan oleh masyarakat pemiliknya. Metode yang diterapkan pada program pendampingan ini adalah metode in service learning. Teknis pelaksanaan metode ini melalui pendampingan pemetaan berupa ceramah dan diskusi terkait cerita rakyat yang pernah terjadi dan menjadi oral story di kawasan ini. Melalui kegiatan tersebut, hasil yang dirasakan adalah 1) tumbuhnya geliat kebudayaan dan pariwisata di wilayah Kampung Budaya Melayu, dan 2) terpelihara dan tersimpannya cerita rakyat khas Kampung Budaya Melayu. Kata kunci: Pendampingan Pemetaan Cerita Rakyat, Kampung Budaya Melayu