bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zekâtın Devlet Eliyle Yönetilmesi ve Malezya Zekât Sistemi Örneği
Authors: AYDIN Murat , ODABAŞ Hakkı
Published: December 2018

İslam dininin beş rüknünden biri olan zekât, hicret sonrası farz kılınmıştır. Zekât, uzun yıllar beytülmalın en önemli gelirleri arasında yer almış olmasına karşın, Ömer bin Abdülaziz döneminde devlet otoritesinden çıkmıştır. Son yıllarda, Müslüman çoğunluğa sahip olan bazı devletlerin, zekâtın devlet eliyle yönetilmesi konusunda önemli girişimlerde bulundukları görülmektedir. Güneydoğu Asya ülkesi olan Malezya özellikle 1990 yılından sonra uygulamaya başladığı yeni bir zekat sistemi ile dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışma zekatın devlet eliyle yönetilmesi bağlamında Malezya zekat sistemini konu edinmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, Malezya zekat sisteminin kapsamlı bir biçimde incelenmesidir. Makalede, doküman tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Malezya’da zekât sisteminin tarihçesi, günümüz itibarı ile hangi zekât modellerinin uygulandığı ve zekâtın hangi alanlara dağıtıldığı konuları araştırılmıştır. Bu çerçevede konu ile doğrudan ilgili olan birçok uluslararası çalışma incelenmiş, zekât toplayan ve dağıtan kurumlara ait yirmi beş Malayca internet sitesi taranmıştır. Malezya zekât sisteminin; kamu modeli, yarı kamu modeli ve özel model şeklinde üç unsurdan meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir.
The Effect of Hawthorn Berry Phenolics and Parsley Roots Fermented Juice on Frankfurters’ Shelf-Life
Authors: PREDESCU Corina , PAPUC Camelia , ȘTEFAN Georgeta , GORAN Gheorghe
Published: December 2018

Plant extracts rich in phenolics and vegetal fermented juices rich in nitrite may be used as preservatives in the meat industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hawthorn berry phenolics and nitrite from parsley roots fermented juice, on unsmoked frankfurters. Seven lots of frankfurters were prepared. Two lots were prepared using ascorbate and parsley juice nitrite (each preservative 50 ppm, L1; each preservative 25 ppm, L4), two lots were prepared using hawthorn berry phenolics and parsley juice nitrite (each preservative 50 ppm, L2; each preservative 25 ppm, L5), two lots were prepared only with parsley juice nitrite (50 ppm, L3; 25 ppm, L6), while L7, control lot, was prepared with 50 ppm ascorbate and 50 ppm synthetic nitrite. pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, cure efficiency, residual nitrite, total viable count, Enterobacteriaceae and coliform bacteria were determined at 3-day intervals for 15 days. During storage, comparatively with control, the best physico-chemical parameters were found for L4 and L5 of frankfurters, while the best microbiological parameters were found for frankfurters treated with ascorbate and parsley juice nitrite (L1 and L4). The addition of natural antioxidants and nitrite was able to improve unsmoked frankfurters’ shelf-life.
The Influence of Osmotic Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Indices at Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Local Populations
Authors: BEINSAN Carmen , SUMALAN Radu , VATCA Sorin
Published: December 2018

Garlic is an asexually propagated crop with high morphological diversity and uses throughout the world. Although the salt tolerance among the cultivated species is low, there are some genotypes which present an acceptable level of adaptability to moderate saline conditions. In vegetables, these genotypes are represented especially by local varieties breeded by local farmers. It is therefore necessary to achieve a balance between productivity and salinity tolerance, for the obtaining of new genotypes with high productivity. Our experiments aimed to study the main physiological and biochemical indicators for the identification of salinity tolerant genotypes in a collection of local autumn and spring garlic populations from Timis County. The local populations studied show a wide genetic diversity based on synthesis of free proline, by selecting genotypes with good salinity tolerance for five autumn garlic varieties and five for spring garlic. There are major differences both morphologically and physiologically, between studied varieties of halophytes. Identification of these cultivars may represent a resource for breeding programs of cultivated vegetables on saline soils.
Professor Manuel Rodríguez Gómez and the tuberous sclerosis complex paradigm
Authors: Fustes Otto Jesus Hernandez , Cossio Otto Hernández , Marques Adriana Hernandez , Fustes Olga Judith Hernandez , Marques Amanda Hernandez
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT The authors present an historical review of aspects of the life of Professor Manuel R. Gómez, a Spanish neuropediatrician, who graduated in Havana and is known internationally for his work while he was in charge of Pediatric Neurology at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, USA. His main contribution was related to the tuberous sclerosis complex, demystifying the Vogt triad previously used as a diagnostic criterion, and he was considered the “father of the tuberous sclerosis complex “ in the USA.
Involvement of adenosine A1 receptor in electroacupuncture-mediated inhibition of astrocyte activation during neuropathic pain
Authors: Zhang Mingxiao , Dai Qinxue , Liang Dongdong , Li Dan , Chen Sijia , Chen Shuangdong , Han Kunyuan , Huang Luping , Wang Junlu
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition caused by damage or dysfunction of the central or peripheral nervous system. Electroacupuncture (EA) has an antinociceptive effect on neuropathic pain, which is partially due to inhibiting astrocyte activation in the spinal cord. We found that an intrathecal injection of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, reversed the antinociceptive effects of EA in a chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain model. The expression of GFAP in L4-L6 spinal cord was significantly upgraded, while DPCPX suppressed the effect of the EA-mediating inhibition of astrocyte activation, as well as wiping out the EA-induced suppression of cytokine content (TNF-α). These results indicated that the adenosine A1 receptor is involved in EA actions during neuropathic pain through suppressing astrocyte activation as well as TNF-α upregulation of EA, giving enlightenment to the mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia and development of therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain.
Pseudotumor cerebri in childhood and adolescence: data from a specialized service
Authors: Balbi Gabriela G. M. , Matas Sandro L. , Len Claudio A. , Fraga Melissa M. , Sousa Iggor O. , Terreri Maria Teresa
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To report cases of children and adolescents diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri associated or not with rheumatic disease. Methods: This was a retrospective study based on medical reports of 29 patients, up to 18 years of age and diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri, followed up in the Pediatric Rheumatology and Neurology outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital, until December 2016. Results: Among the 29 patients diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri, 51.7% were girls and the mean age at the disease onset was 12.3 years. In 18 patients (62%) where an etiology was found, four were associated with a rheumatic disease. The most common symptom was headache (69%) and acetazolamide was the most used medication (69%). Two patients developed blindness and 10 are still being followed up. Conclusion: Although rare, pseudotumor cerebri should be considered in children with headaches, especially in patients with rheumatic disease.
Los Anclajes Socio-existenciales: El Caso de las Expectativas de Futuro
Authors: Araujo Kathya
Published: December 2018

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es discutir el trabajo que desarrollan los individuos para sostenerse en la vida social, centrándose en la cuestión de los “anclaje socio-existenciales”, y en particular en un tipo de estos: las expectativas de futuro. Luego de una revisión del debate teórico y basándose sobre los resultados de una investigación empírica cualitativa para el caso de Chile, el texto analiza la manera en que en la sociedad chilena la figura de la ida al Sur-Campo se constituye como fundamento de estas expectativas de futuro y actúa como ancla para las existencias sociales. Este análisis permitirá argumentar que los “anclaje socio-existenciales” son activos en los individuos concretos pero son socialmente compartidos y pueden ser entendidos como una respuesta, con matices según grupo social, a la vez singular y general, a las exigencias estructurales a las que se está expuesto en un momento histórico determinado.
Oferta, Demanda e Nota de Corte: Experimento Natural sobre Efeitos da Lei das Cotas no Acesso à Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Authors: Karruz Ana
Published: December 2018

RESUMO Promulgada em 2012, a Lei das Cotas (LdasC) estabeleceu um padrão mínimo para as ações afirmativas no acesso ao ensino superior federal. A evidência sugere que a LdasC mudou o perfil dos discentes, sem prejuízo acadêmico. Porém, diversos aspectos dessa ação afirmativa podem comprometer sua eficácia. Este estudo ambiciona formular hipóteses sobre mecanismos pelos quais a LdasC impacta as chances de diferentes grupos acessarem a educação terciária, e dimensiona esses impactos. Mobiliza a teoria das disposições incorporadas, de Bourdieu e Passeron, para prever reações na demanda pela UFMG, e o Axioma de Identificação de Roemer, para mensurar desigualdades de oportunidade no acesso. Um experimento natural, com atribuição “como se” aleatória ao tratamento (maior percentual de vagas reservadas em 2015 em relação a 2014) para indivíduos de certa idade, e uma estratégia de pareamento (matching frontier) possibilitam inferências causais. São empregados microdados do ENEM e Censos Escolares, e dados dos candidatos a cursos presenciais oferecidos em Belo Horizonte. Os achados indicam que a LdasC: i) aqueceu a demanda pelo ensino superior entre seu público-alvo; ii) reduziu desigualdades no acesso para concluintes do ensino médio; e iii) foi mais efetiva nas ofertas com menor relação candidato/vaga, nas licenciaturas e nos cursos diurnos.
The production of care in the routine of Family Health Teams
Authors: Agonigi Regina Cavalcante , Carvalho Simone Mendes , Freire Mary Ann Menezes , Gonçalves Lucas Fernandes
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the factors interfering in the production of care in the daily work of health professionals from the Primary Health Care. Method: Qualitative research carried out with Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams, in the health units of Rocinha (Rocinha is a favela located in the South Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). To analyze the data, the thematic network proposed by Attride-Stirling was used. Results: The routine of Teams in the Production of Care was the denomination of the network formed by the following themes: scales of services of the teams; structural problems of Family Health Units; standardization of protocols; challenges for the production of care; and collections of micro and macro management. Final considerations: The production of care by Family Health Teams is challenged when they take care beyond what is imposed in the organizational protocols of the FHS, reflecting the complexity of working and caring in territories with social disparities.
Role-playing: teaching strategy that encourages reflections on nursing care
Authors: Sebold Luciara Fabiane , Boell Julia Estela Willrich , Fermo Vivian Costa , Girondi Juliana Balbinot Reis , Santos José Luís Guedes dos
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: Describe the reflections of nursing students on nursing care through the use of role-playing. Method: Qualitative research with descriptive-exploratory approach and documentary base. The data were collected from portfolios of 32 students from an undergraduate course in the Southern Brazil. The analysis of the data followed the steps of sorting, classification in structures of relevance, synthesis and interpretation. Results: Two empirical categories were obtained: (1) Feelings in the act of taking care and receiving care and (2) Reversing roles: benefits to the nurse in the act of caring. Final considerations: The use of role-playing as a strategy for teaching the theme of care to undergraduate students encouraged reflections about the skills and abilities necessary for the act of taking care and favored the students' self-perception as nurses, appropriating the essence of their future profession: care.
Formation and disruption of bonds between caregivers and institutionalized children
Authors: Gabatz Ruth Irmgard Bärtschi , Schwartz Eda , Milbrath Viviane Marten , Carvalho Hudson Cristiano Wander de , Lange Celmira , Soares Marilu Correa
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the perspective of caregivers about the formation and disruption of bonds with institutionalized children. Method: a qualitative research that used as a theoretical framework the Attachment Theory and the Symbolic Interactionism, and the Grounded Theory as methodological framework. Participating in the study were 15 female caregivers of children aged zero to three years, from a child care institution in the south of Brazil, from April to July 2015. Results: three categories were elaborated: "Experiencing the formation of bond and attachment"; "Disrupting with the established bonds and detaching"; "Learning how to work with formation and disruption of bond". Final considerations: we need to think of ways to minimize the negative effects formation and disruption of bonds. In this sense, active listening and the offer of psychological support favor the sharing of experiences and the emotional strengthening of the female caregivers.
Nursing professionals' knowledge regarding the management of waste produced in primary health care
Authors: Matos Matheus Costa Brandão , Oliveira Layze Braz de , Queiroz Artur Acelino Francisco Luz Nunes , Sousa Álvaro Francisco Lopes , Valle Andreia Rodrigues Moura da Costa , Andrade Denise de , Moura Maria Eliete Batista
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of Nursing professionals regarding waste management in primary healthcare services. Method: Descriptive study with a mixed approach, developed with 42 nursing professionals who worked in basic health units of a capital in the Brazilian Northeast Region. Quantitative variables were analyzed by the SPSS 20.0 program. Reports were processed by the IRaMuTeQ software, analyzed according to the descending hierarchical classification, and grounded on the Collective Subject Discourse. Results: Low knowledge scores were obtained, associated with specific socioeconomic and training variables. Analysis of collected reports allowed to identify three classes: "Inadequate waste disposal: first and main step"; "Correct disposal improves service quality and prevents diseases"; and "Consequences associated with incorrect disposal". Conclusion: The knowledge of professionals falls short of the expectations to adequately manage waste produced in primary health care and is concentrated on the initial steps, mainly the disposal process.
The care of nurses in the Family Health Strategy: practices and theoretical foundation
Authors: Corrêa Vanessa de Almeida Ferreira , Acioli Sonia , Tinoco Tayane Fraga
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the practices of nurses working in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in a city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and the theoretical foundations that guide them. Method: Qualitative research through semi-structured interviews with twelve nurses working in eleven FHS units between August and December 2014. Data were organized by hermeneutic-dialectical analysis. Results: The nurse is inserted in the municipal FHS as care coordinator and political agent; has practices aimed at welcoming, mobilizing social groups, making technical and monitoring of users through health programs. The practices remain in the confrontation of problems and are guided by technical manuals and coordination of health programs. Final considerations: Studies are needed to recognize the nurse's therapeutic objective at the FHS and to propose theoretical foundations, specific to Nursing or Collective Health that will instrumentalize their daily practice.
Use of vitamin D and infection in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Silva Emanuela Cardoso da , Taminato Mônica , Fonseca Cassiane Dezoti da , Moraes Graciana Maria de , Longo Maria Cristina Barbosa , Grothe Cibele Esmanhoto , Belasco Angélica Gonçalves Silva , Barbosa Dulce Aparecida
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation as protection factor against infection of patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative treatment. Method: Retrospective cohort study carried out between 2013 and 2016 in the Conservative Treatment Outpatient Clinics (Ambulatório de Tratamento Conservador) of the Hypertension and Kidney Hospital (Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão) of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Data on sociodemographic factors, comorbidity, infection episodes and use or nonuse of vitamin D supplementation for at least 6 months were collected from medical records. The primary outcomes considered in both groups were: presence or absence of infection anywhere on the body (bloodstream, urinary, respiratory and surgical sites). Results: A total of 263 patients were included and those who received (n=43) vitamin D had 59% less chance of developing infections (OR=0.41; 95%CI; 0.15-0.99), when compared to those who did not receive. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation was a protective factor against infections of all causes.
Fatores de competitividade dos municípios brasileiros: proposta de modelo de análise
Authors: Canuto Kleber Cuissi , Cherobim Ana Paula Mussi Szabo
Published: December 2018

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é propor um modelo para analisar a competitividade dos municípios brasileiros. Para tanto, duas etapas de trabalho foram desenvolvidas: (i) por meio de revisão bibliométrica compreendendo o período de 2000 a 2014 buscou-se identificar quais são as variáveis adotadas na literatura mundial para analisar fatores de competitividade municipal e desenvolvimento regional; e (ii) pesquisar quais desses indicadores se encontram disponíveis de forma estruturada em fontes oficiais no Brasil para coleta de dados secundários e observação no nível municipal de análise. Como resultado, dos 88 indicadores identificados na teoria, 64 encontram-se disponíveis em distintas fontes de dados no Brasil. O construto teórico derivado desta revisão, base conceitual para o modelo proposto, compreende seis dimensões analíticas formativas: ciência e tecnologia, economia, demografia, infraestrutura, educação e saúde.
“De volta à cidade, sr. cidadão!” - reforma psiquiátrica e participação social: do isolamento institucional ao movimento antimanicomial
Authors: Amarante Paulo , Torre Eduardo Henrique Guimarães
Published: December 2018

Resumo O modelo manicomial produziu a exclusão da loucura da vida social, fundado no princípio do isolamento terapêutico, que gerou a institucionalização do louco e sua retirada da cidade e do direito à participação social, com a perda do direito à cidade e da condição de cidadania. Atualmente, a reforma psiquiátrica no Brasil é um dos mais importantes processos de crítica à psiquiatrização da loucura, promovendo uma desconstrução das formas de exclusão social da loucura e o debate na sociedade acerca dos direitos e da cidadania dos sujeitos em sofrimento mental e vulnerabilidade social. Diversas frentes inovadoras, de inclusão pelo trabalho, pela arte-cultura, pela militância política e de ocupação da cidade, têm configurado novas possibilidades de vida e expressão para os sujeitos, numa nova concepção sobre a loucura e a diferença, na qual os sujeitos da diversidade têm direito à cidade e à participação social.
“Ruim com ela, pior sem ela”: o desejo de continuidade das UPPs para além das Olimpíadas
Authors: Ribeiro Ludmila , Vilarouca Márcio Grijó
Published: December 2018

Resumo Neste trabalho utilizamos a literatura de avaliação de projetos de policiamento comunitário e modelos de regressão logística para identificar quais variáveis explicam o desejo de continuidade das UPPs após as Olimpíadas. Neste sentido, apresentamos a análise de um survey domiciliar e probabilístico realizado com 2 mil residentes. Na primeira rodada, aplicamos o survey em 10 favelas que receberam UPPs na fase inicial de implementação do programa e, na rodada seguinte, em outras 10 favelas quando o processo de “pacificação” já indicava sinais de crise. Os resultados indicam que jovens pretos e pardos apresentam elevado grau de rechaço a essa modalidade de policiamento e, por outro lado, que a capacidade da polícia em reconstruir a legitimidade de sua ação nas comunidades faz com que os indivíduos endossem a continuidade da UPP, desejando-a para além do projeto de cidade olímpica.
Association between depressive syndrome and visual complaints among elderly caregivers
Authors: Brigola Allan Gustavo , Barbieri Mayara Caroline , Luchesi Bruna Moretti , Grazziano Eliane da Silva , Machado Regimar Carla , Dupas Giselle , Pavarini Sofia Cristina Iost
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Objectives To determine depressive syndrome in community-dwelling elderly caregivers; and to test the association between such syndrome and both visual complaints (VC) and aspects of care. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 332 elderly caregivers. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to screen for depressive symptoms (cutoff > 5 points). Logistic regression was performed to identify associations between depression and both VC and aspects related to care. Results Median age of the caregivers was 68 years. The majority was female (75.9%) and took care of a spouse (84.3%). The prevalence of depressive syndrome was 22.6%. The syndrome was associated with VC when it affected activities of daily living (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.37-4.27) and caring for an individual with cognitive impairment (OR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.05-3.26). Conclusions While measured aspects of care did not exert an influence on the incidence of depressive symptoms, VC associated to functional limitation and caring for elderly individuals with cognitive impairment was associated with such symptoms in the elderly caregivers.
Análise do perfil lipídico de pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia vertical e à derivação gástrica em Y de Roux.
Authors: Lira Natália S. , Macedo Carlos Eduardo Soares , Belo Giselle Menezes , Santa-Cruz Fernando , Siqueira Luciana T. , Ferraz Álvaro Antonio Bandeira
Published: December 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar as melhorias no perfil lipídico de pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia vertical (GV) e à derivação gástrica em Y de Roux (DGYR). Metódos: estudo de coorte misto, em que foram avaliados 334 pacientes submetidos à GV e 178 pacientes submetidos à DGYR no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e no Real Hospital Português de Beneficência, Recife, PE, Brasil. Foram realizadas dosagens séricas de colesterol total, LDL, HDL e triglicerídeos no pré-operatório e com três, seis, 12 e 24 meses de seguimento. Resultados: o grupo submetido à GV foi composto por 58 homens e 276 mulheres. No grupo submetido à DGYR, foram analisados 64 homens e 114 mulheres. A média de idade foi de 37,2±20,5 anos no grupo da GV e de 41,9±11,1 anos no grupo da DGYR. O IMC médio pré-operatório foi de 39,4±2,6kg/m2 e 42,7±5,8kg/m2, para o grupo da GV e da DGYR, respectivamente. No pré-operatório, 80% dos pacientes tinha, no mínimo, uma anormalidade no perfil lipídico. Dois anos após a cirurgia houve melhora do colesterol total, LDL, HDL e triglicerídeos no grupo submetido à DGYR. No grupo submetido à GV, após dois anos houve melhora dos níveis de colesterol total, HDL e triglicerídeos, apenas. Conclusão: ambas as técnicas resultaram em melhorias no perfil lipídico, porém a DGYR foi mais efetiva.
O Clube de Economistas e a : Um Episódio na História do Desenvolvimentismo Nacionalista no Brasil
Authors: Andrada Alexandre Flávio Silva , Boianovsky Mauro , Cabello Andrea Felippe
Published: December 2018

Resumo Este ensaio investiga a história do Clube de Economistas e da revista Econômica Brasileira por ele editada. O Clube foi criado em 1955 no Rio de Janeiro, congregando economistas de viés nacionalista-desenvolvimentista. Celso Furtado concebeu e liderou o Clube e a Revista. O Clube chegou ao fim em 1964, na esteira do golpe militar. Constrói-se uma narrativa sobre o surgimento do Clube. Criado em meio à crise política de 1954, o Clube emerge a partir da deterioração das relações e do aumento das tensões entre os economistas de viés nacionalista e os liberais da FGV-RJ e sua Revista Brasileira de Economia. A liderança desse último grupo era exercida por Eugênio Gudin. Uma proposta ainda mais ambiciosa almejada pelo Clube era o da criação de uma escola de pensamento original no país. Finalmente, apresenta-se um levantamento da literatura publicada na revista Econômica Brasileira.
EM BUSCA DE SIGNIFICADOS PARA A EXPRESSÃO “IDEOLOGIA DE GÊNERO”
Authors: Silva Ivanderson Pereira da
Published: December 2018

RESUMO: Essa pesquisa investigou os significados que têm sido produzidos pela expressão “Ideologia de Gênero” no cenário contemporâneo. De modo específico o estudo objetivou fazer um mapeamento de publicações que contenham essa expressão em seu título e/ou resumo, explorar suas definições, bem como as propostas que são apresentadas. Trata-se de uma investigação de natureza qualitativa, do tipo bibliográfica, que se amparou na abordagem da revisão sistemática de literatura. Inicialmente foi realizada uma busca no “Google Acadêmico” pela expressão “Ideologia de Gênero”. Foram acessadas as 20 primeiras páginas. Foram identificados 26 arquivos. Esse material foi lido e analisado e como resultado se constatou que a expressão “Ideologia de Gênero” tem assumido pelo menos três significados gerais: o machismo e a LGBTIfobia como ideologias de gênero; “Ideologia de Gênero” como um prelúdio do apocalipse moral (no campo religioso e no campo legislativo); e “Ideologia de Gênero” como uma falácia.
OS GÊNEROS TEXTUAIS EM AVALIAÇÕES DO ENADE DE LETRAS E EM CONCURSOS PÚBLICOS PARA SELEÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Garcia-Reis Andreia Rezende , Costa Míriam Fernanda
Published: December 2018

RESUMO: Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar instrumentos de avaliação a que são submetidos os alunos formados pelo curso de Letras: duas edições do Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (ENADE) e quatro provas de concursos públicos para seleção de professores de Língua Portuguesa, duas edições de concursos do estado de Minas Gerais e duas do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Na análise, foram destacados os gêneros textuais (BRONCKART, 2006; 2010) presentes nas questões, o domínio discursivo (MARCUSCHI, 2008) a que pertencem e as capacidades de linguagem (DOLZ, 2015; CRISTOVÃO e LENHARO, no prelo) por elas mobilizadas. Os resultados revelam que a diversidade textual é imperativa nas avaliações, sobretudo nas provas do ENADE e nos concursos do estado de Minas Gerais, assim como também são diversos os domínios discursivos a que pertencem os textos e as capacidades de linguagem exigidas. A partir de então, apontamos para a necessidade de os cursos de formação para a docência em Língua Portuguesa estabelecerem um diálogo com as orientações curriculares para o ensino dessa disciplina e com as demandas profissionais dos egressos do curso, considerando a configuração dos instrumentos de avaliação investigados nesta pesquisa.
Employment of the 18s rRNA screening PCR technique in the detection of Equine Piroplasmosis, in horses of sports and military operations, of the Brazilian Army
Authors: Sousa C.P. , Soares J.G.B.
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT The present work had the objective of detecting the occurrence of Equine Piroplasmosis in horses housed in the 3rd Guards Cavalry Regiment (GCR) - Brazilian Army (BA) ˗ Porto Alegre, RS-Brazil, as well as to demonstrate the proactivity of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique, aiming at the judicious use of the resources involved in the training and employment of Equines in the Brazilian Army. Fifty horses of the 3rd GCR - Porto Alegre ˗ RS, which are employed for Sport, Military Ceremonial, Law and Order Guarantee Operations (LOGO), were evaluated by means of the 18s r RNA screening with PCR technique, thirty eight horses with Babesia Caballi and Theileria Equi were detected, which corresponds to an incidence of 76% of the horses effective analyzed at the time. In this way, it can be verified that the Military activity have its "performance and effectiveness" factors threatened in case the health of the principal of his means employed, that is the horse, is compromised. The PCR technique then offers a reliable and feasible tool for the detection of Equine Piroplasmosis in BA horses.
Avaliação zootécnica e econômica da criação de camarão marinho ( Litopenaeusvannamei ) em diferentes estratégias de manejo e densidades
Authors: Bessa Júnior A.P. , Henry-Silva G.G.
Published: December 2018

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade zootécnica e econômica na criação de camarão com três diferentes estratégias de manejo e densidades distintas, sendo 92, 14 e 8 cam.m-2 para os tratamentos M1, M2 e M3, respectivamente, com tempo máximo de cultivo de 79 dias. As sobrevivências foram reduzidas em todos os tratamentos, provavelmente influenciadas pela doença da mancha branca e a elevada salinidade da água dos viveiros de criação, o que causou redução na produção e elevou o fator de conversão alimentar aparente - FCAA em M1 e M2. Os índices de rentabilidade e lucratividade foram significativamente inferiores no tratamento M1 quando comparado com o M2 e o M3. O cultivo com população inicial elevada (M1) ocasionou prejuízos econômicos e zootécnicos devido aos elevados FCAAs, à biomassa individual reduzida e aos elevados custos operacionais totais - COT, tornando inviável esse tratamento. As taxas internas de retorno para M2 e M3 foram atrativas, gerando lucro e saldo positivo para o valor presente líquido. O monocultivo de camarão com pequenas populações e submetido à mancha branca (M2 e M3), conseguiu garantir o retorno do capital investido. Esse retorno somente ocorreu em razão dos preços elevados praticados em 2016, caso contrário, preços menores por quilo de camarão inviabilizariam economicamente a atividade.
Epidemiological, clinical and pathological evaluation of overall survival in canines with mammary neoplasms
Authors: Nunes F.C. , Campos C.B. , Teixeira S.V. , Bertagnolli A.C. , Lavalle G.E. , Cassali G.D.
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Canine mammary neoplasms (CMNs) are the most frequent lesions and in female dogs. However, studies correlating pathological criteria with clinical evolution in female dogs with mammary neoplasms are scarce. The present study aims to present epidemiological, clinical-pathological and overall survival data to help establish the prognosis and understand the biological behavior of CMNs. A total of 1539 cases were included (85% malignant and 13% benign). Tumor size was an important prognostic factor and was associated with overall patient survival (P< 0.0001). Most dogs diagnosed with malignant neoplasms (83%) had initial clinical staging, although 17% had regional or distant metastases at the time of diagnosis and lower overall survival (P< 0.0001). Carcinoma in mixed tumor was the most frequent histological type and had a better prognosis. Solid carcinomas, micropapillary carcinomas and carcinosarcomas were considered histological types with aggressive biological behavior and were associated with a worse prognosis and lower overall survival (P< 0.0001).
Glicerina na alimentação de cordeiros terminados em confinamento: características quantitativas da carcaça e qualitativas da carne
Authors: D’Aurea E.M.O. , Ezequiel J.M.B. , Santos V.C. , D’Aurea A.P. , Carvalho V.B. , Almeida M.T.C. , Perez H.L.
Published: December 2018

RESUMO O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a ausência e a inclusão de glicerina na dieta de cordeiros terminados em confinamento, sobre as características da carcaça e a qualidade da carne no músculo semimembranosus. Foram utilizados 40 cordeiros machos, não castrados, da raça ½ Dorper ½ Santa Inês, desmamados com idade média de 90 dias e peso médio inicial de 21+2,3kg. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de duas dietas: G0 - ausência de glicerina e G10 - inclusão de 10% de glicerina na MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com dois tratamentos e 20 repetições. Observou-se efeito para peso de abate (P=0,041) e rendimento de carcaça fria (P=0,019) entre os tratamentos. Conclui-se que os cordeiros alimentados com a inclusão de glicerina (inclusão de 10% de glicerina na MS) apresentaram melhor rendimento de carcaça fria e menor peso de abate, sem que fossem alteradas as demais características estudadas.
Variabilidade espacial da composição do leite cru refrigerado no estado de Alagoas e na mesorregião do Agreste Pernambucano
Authors: Férrer M.T. , Franque M.P. , Melo A.A.S. , Santoro K.R.
Published: December 2018

RESUMO O objetivo da realização deste trabalho foi analisar a variabilidade espacial da composição do leite cru refrigerado e elaborar mapas com interpolação de dados sobre os teores de gordura, proteína, lactose, sólidos totais e extrato seco desengordurado, no estado de Alagoas e na mesorregião do Agreste Pernambucano, em 2014 e 2015. Foram analisados 3.863 laudos oficiais de amostras de leite cru refrigerado, coletados de 432 tanques de expansão direta da região estudada. O grau de dependência espacial e a regressão geograficamente ponderada das variáveis foram analisados pelo software ArcGIS 10.3. A análise espacial mostrou predominância de áreas com teor de gordura de 3,1 a 3,6g/100g e áreas com teor de gordura de 3,6 a 4,2g/100g. Para o teor de lactose, foi observada área predominante com 4,32 a 4,45g/100g e algumas áreas com 4,46 a 4,54g/100g. Foi observada baixa influência da altitude, precipitação pluviométrica e interação precipitação x altitude sobre o teor de gordura, proteína, lactose, sólidos totais e extrato seco desengordurado na área estudada. Por fim, conclui-se que há variabilidade espacial para gordura, lactose, proteína, sólidos totais e extrato seco desengordurado do leite cru refrigerado produzido no estado de Alagoas e na mesorregião do Agreste Pernambucano.
Cervical relaxation for non-surgical uterus access in Santa Inês ewes
Authors: Leite C.R. , Fonseca J.F. , Fernandes D.A.M. , Souza-Fabjan J.M.G. , Ascoli F.O. , Brandão F.Z.
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT The present study was composed by two experiments aiming to develop a cervical dilation technique for non-surgical access to Santa Inês ewe’s uterus. In Experiment 1, thirty ewes underwent four epidural treatments. The three experimental treatments used 2.0mg/kg ketamine. The group receiving this drug alone was denominated KG, whereas other group had ketamine associated with 0.1mg/kg morphine (KM) and KX a third group had ketamine associated with 0.05mg/kg xylazine (KX). Control treatment was 1mL/7.5kg saline solution epidurally (CON). Cervical dilation was evaluated in both experiments by attempting to pass a metal rod through the cervix. In Experiment 2, three different hormonal protocols for cervical dilation were tested in thirty ewes. Epidural anesthesia with 2.0mg/kg ketamine was the control treatment (KG) and was combined with hormonal treatments: Misoprostol (MI); Oxytocin + Estradiol (OE); Misoprostol + Oxytocin + Estradiol (MOE). In Experiment 1 transposition rate was not different among groups. In Experiment 2, OE presented the highest rate (90%) while MOE presented 86.2%, MI 68.9% and CON 62.1%. The study developed a pharmacological protocol that increased cervical transposition making the non-surgical access to the uterus feasible in Santa Inês ewes.
Rendimento industrial, eficiência de fabricação e características físico-químicas de queijo colonial produzido de leite com dois níveis de células somáticas
Authors: Mattiello C.A. , Silveira S.M. , Carli F. , Cunha Júnior A. , Alessio D.R.M. , Pelizza A. , Cardozo L.L , Thaler Neto A.
Published: December 2018

RESUMO Com base em dois níveis de contagem de células somáticas (CCS) do leite utilizado como matéria-prima, determinou-se influência no rendimento e na eficiência de fabricação do queijo colonial, em escala industrial. Os dois níveis de CCS foram formados do leite captado pela indústria, baixa CCS (<500.000 células/mL) e alta CCS (≥500.000 células/mL), sendo produzidos sete lotes de queijo para cada nível. O rendimento foi avaliado com rendimento simples (litros de leite/kg de queijo produzido) e rendimento seco (litros de leite/kg de sólidos totais de queijo produzido). A eficiência de fabricação do queijo foi avaliada por meio das perdas de sólidos no soro de queijo. Mediante análises multivariadas, demonstrou-se a relação entre altas CCS e a diminuição no rendimento simples e seco de queijo colonial, que apresentou também menor eficiência de fabricação, sem alterar a composição do queijo. Além disso, determinaram-se dados relativos às características físico-químicas de queijo colonial, o qual ainda não possui um regulamento técnico de identidade e qualidade. Conclui-se que a qualidade do leite tem influência direta na produção dos queijos e que, ao utilizar matéria-prima com alta CCS, a indústria assume os prejuízos do menor rendimento e da menor eficiência de fabricação dos queijos coloniais.
Acute phase proteins in bitches subjected to conventional and minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Schmidt Elizabeth M.S. , Rubio Camila P. , Thomas Funmilola , Ferreira João C.P. , Eckersall David P.
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the possible inflammatory changes by screening acute phase proteins concentrations in healthy bitches subjected to ovariohysterectomy. Minimally invasive and conventional (laparotomy) ovariohysterectomies were performed in 17 client-owned adult female mixed breed dogs. Nine animals were subjected to minimally invasive and eight animals to conventional ovariohysterectomy. Blood samples were taken before surgery, 24, 48 hours, and seven days postoperatively. Serum C-reactive concentration was determined by a commercial ELISA kit and serum haptoglobin concentration was measured via hemoglobin binding assay, both previously validated for use in dogs. As the data did not meet the normal distribution criteria, the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis was performed to compare quantitative variables between groups. One-way ANOVA and the Friedman test were used for multiple comparisons between time points, with a P<0.05 considered significant. C-reactive protein concentration was significantly different (P<0.0001) at 24 hours postoperatively between groups. There was no significant difference in haptoglobin concentration between groups. C-reactive protein and haptoglobin concentrations were significantly different at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively for minimally invasive and conventional ovariohisterectomies. These findings provided an overview of the short-term inflammatory effects produced by minimally invasive and conventional ovariohysterectomies.
Morphological analysis of the elastic and collagen fibers in the ram penis
Authors: Schimming Bruno Cesar , Moraes Gustavo N.
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT: The penis represents the organ of the male’s copulation. It is essential to know the reproductive biology and the morphology of the reproductive organs to increase animal production. In order to contribute to this knowledge and provides information on the ram reproductive morphology, the purpose of this work was to describe the distribution, based on light microscopy, of the collagen and elastic fibers in the ram penis. For that, were collected transverse fragments of the penis (root, sigmoid flexure, body and glans) of seven rams. The specimens were fixed in paraformaldehyde for 24h and destined for the histological routine. The extracellular matrix of the ram penis was composed of collagen and elastic fibers. The penis was enveloped by the tunica albuginea, consisting essentially of collagen fibers, which were arranged in two layers: an outer longitudinal and an inner circular. This tunic emitted septa that penetrated the corpus cavernosum. The elastic fibers appeared transversely and longitudinally in the corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, and next to the neurovascular bundle of the penis. This structure was not different to that reported for other domestic ruminants such as cattle and buffaloes.
Biochemical responses, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of goats transfused with fresh or stored whole homologous blood
Authors: Fonseca Nayanna B.S. , Gameleira Jucélio S. , Cavalcante Jerson M. , Oliveira Francisco L.C. , Mori Clara S. , Sousa Rejane S. , Minervino Antonio H.H. , A. Barrêto-Júnior Raimundo
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT: Blood transfusion is a therapeutic procedure of great importance for veterinary medicine, in spite of only few studies in the literature on hemotherapy in goats. We aimed to evaluate the biochemical, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of goats submitted to homologous transfusion of fresh whole blood or stored for 15 and 35 days. Eighteen adult male goats were submitted to a single phlebotomy to remove 30% of the blood volume, and we transfused 20mL/kg of whole blood stored in CPDA-1 bags according to the experimental group, being: G0 composed goats who received fresh blood, G15 and G35 goats that received blood stored for 15 and 35 days, respectively. For the biochemical evaluation, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, blood samples were collected at the following moments: before the induction of anemia (TC0); 6 hours after phlebotomy and before transfusion (TC1); 1, 6, 12, 24 and 96 hours after transfusion (T1, T6, T12, T24 and T96 respectively); 8, 16 and 32 days after transfusion (T8d, T16d and T32d respectively). Before transfusion, blood samples were also withdrawn from the bags for the same analyzes. Statistical analyzes were performed in the statistical program GRAPHPAD PRISM 5.0, adopting a significance level of 5%. The bags of blood stored for 15 and 35 days showed more biochemical changes, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation than fresh blood bags. As for the biochemical analysis, after the transfusion was observed an increase of the total protein, albumin, glucose and creatine kinase in the 3 groups, and elevation of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and urea in G15 and G35. The changes observed in the blood gas analysis had no clinical significance, as they were within the reference values for the species. The goats that received stored blood showed disorder in their antioxidant system through alteration of the SOD activity. In the analysis of lipid peroxidation no difference between the groups for the concentration of malondialdehyde was found. Thus, it can be concluded that transfusion of whole fresh stored blood in goats did not compromise the blood gases, lipid peroxidation and liver and renal functions of the transfused animals. In addition, the method was proved to be efficient to restore, among other components, the total protein and albumin. The transfusion, as performed in this study, proved to be safe for used in the clinical practice of goats.
Histological characterization of reproductive tract and fetal annexes of the West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus) from Brazil
Authors: Bezerra Arielle R. , Salmito-Vanderley Carminda S.B. , Bersano Paulo R.O. , Carvalho Vitor L. , Meirelles Ana C.O. , Attademo Fernanda L.N. , Luna Fábia O. , Silva Lúcia D.M.
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT: The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) is one of the most threatened aquatic mammals in Brazil, and is currently classified as “endangered” (MMA). The objective of this study was to characterize histologically the reproductive tract and fetal annexes of stranded manatees in northeastern Brazil. Tissue samples were collected from the reproductive tract of 23 manatees, which were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed using standard histological protocols and stained with hematoxylin eosin. We qualitatively described the histological and histomorphometric characteristics of each structure. Six ovaries were analyzed. In four ovaries, we found a large number of primordial and primary follicles. Two ovaries were different from the others: one had inflammatory infiltration and the other had a thickening in the cortex and absence of follicles. We also analyzed seven uteri (of which four were in the proliferative phase, two in the secretory phase, and one in the recovery phase), four placentas, one vagina, six testes (four were in the immature phase, one in the pubertal phase, and one in the mature phase), two epididymides, two penises, and one umbilical cord. The histological and morphometric findings in our work will support future analyses of the reproductive tract of T. manatus from Brazil.
Frequency of Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes in milk of cows and goats with mastitis
Authors: Acosta Atzel C. , Oliveira Pollyanne Raysa F. , Albuquerque Laís , Silva Isamara F. , Medeiros Elizabeth S. , Costa Mateus M. , Pinheiro Junior José Wilton , Mota Rinaldo A.
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT: The present study determined the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes in 2,253 milk samples of cows (n=1000) and goats (n=1253) raised in three different geographical regions of the state Pernambuco, Brazil. The presence of genes of virulence factors associated to adhesion to host cells (fnbA, fnbB, clfA and clfB), toxinosis (sea, seb, sec, sed, seg, seh, sei, tsst, hla and hlb), and capsular polysaccharide (cap5 and cap8) was evaluated by PCR. A total of 123 and 27 S. aureus strains were isolated from cows’ and goats’ milk, respectively. The sec and tsst genes were detected exclusively in goats’ isolates, while the seh gene was only identified in cows’ isolates. The number of toxin genes per strain showed that goats’ isolates are likely more toxic than bovines’ isolates. The cap5 genotype predominated in both host species, especially in strains collected from cows raised in the Agreste region. The cap8 genotype is likely more virulent due to the number of virulence genes per strain. The results of the present study demonstrate that S. aureus may pose a potential threat to human health in Brazil, and, therefore, these results should support actions related to mastitis control programs.
Epidemiological and clinical aspects of ophidian bothropic accidents in dogs
Authors: Silva Laís G. , Panziera Welden , Lessa Carlos A.S. , Driemeier David
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT: Snakebites are included in the group of emergencies for domestic animals, and these consultations demand technical knowledge as well as careful clinical evaluation of patients. Because of the importance of this theme and the higher prevalence of snakebites caused by snakes of the genus Bothrops in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, this study aimed to address the epidemiological and clinical aspects of these accidents in dogs in the state, in addition to establishing their incidence. Clinical records of dogs, with a diagnosis of ophidian bothropic accident, assisted at the Toxicological Information Center of Rio Grande do Sul (CIT-RS) were revised from 2014 to 2016. These data were collected at the Toxicological Information Center, Statistics and Evaluation Center, State Secretary of Health. Data on the incidence of accidents and epidemiological and clinical information were obtained for each case. A total of 53 records were revised. In the records that included animal sex (n=49), 53% were female and 46.9% were male. As for animal age (n=47), the dogs ranged from one to 14 years, and most of them (46.9%) were in the 1-4-year age group. Over half of the cases occurred in the rural area (60.7%), and the head and neck were the main venom inoculation sites (76.3%). Diseases were characterized by clinical courses varying from hyperacute (<30 min to 6h), acute (6-24h), to subacute (4-5 days). Severe accidents accounted for 40% of the cases, with edema as the most frequent clinical sign (88.7%) followed by hemorrhagic manifestations (41.5%). Associations of epidemiological and clinical aspects coupled with history of exposure are important characteristics to assist with suspicion and definitive diagnosis of bothropic accidents in dogs.