bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Elastography as a Prognostic Tool for Surgical Outcomes in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Karki Pragalv , Murphy Matthew , Cogswell Petrice , Ehman Richard , Huston John
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a treatable cause of dementia. The treatment with ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery can lead to sustained improvement in about 80% of cases. However, due to the invasive nature of surgery, improving the predictability of outcomes is imperative. Goal(s): To assess magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) as a non-invasive tool to predict surgical outcomes in NPH. Approach: Pre-surgical stiffness and damping ratio pattern scores were used as features to train classification models that predict clinical improvement following shunt placement. Results: MRE is a promising noninvasive tool for prediction of surgical outcomes in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Impact: MRE demonstrates promise as a prognostic tool for prediction of surgical outcomes in NPH. If successfully translated to clinic, this would provide patients with non-invasive alternative.
TURBINE functional MR Elastography for Characterization of Whole Brain Neural Response to Visual and Motor Stimulus
Authors: Palnitkar Harish Ravindra , Murphy Matthew , Sui Yi , Glaser Kevin , Manduca Armando , Huston John , Ehman Richard , Arani Arvin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To accurately characterize temporal dynamics of stiffness changes in the human brain in response to neural activity. Goal(s): To understand the relationship between neurovascular (BOLD) and neuromechanical (stiffness) response to long (24s) and short (4s) stimulus durations. Approach: We used a 3D TURBINE concurrent fMRI-fMRE sequence, which enabled full-brain coverage and faster acquisition of MRE time-series at shorter block duration (4s) in an attempt to decouple hemodynamic effects from the stiffness response. Results: At a long (24s) block duration, the BOLD effect impacts brain stiffness while at a short (4s) duration no significant BOLD or stiffness response was observed. Impact: Our preliminary findings suggest that brain stiffness is impacted on the same timescale as BOLD. Our future work aims to achieve higher temporal and signal SNR to decouple neurovascular (BOLD) response from neuromechanical (fMRE) response.
Determining the Relationship between DTI and MR Elastography Metrics in Highly Anisotropic White Matter Structures at 7T
Authors: Triolo Em , Khegai Oleksandr , Frankini Andrew , McGarry Matthew , Balchandani Priti , Kurt Mehmet
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Changes in the relationship between MRE and DTI metrics in small white matter structures could indicate alterations in brain microstructure due to white matter damage. Goal(s): This study aims to determine correlations between metrics measured by MRE and DTI at 7T in the healthy human brain. Approach: MRE and DTI acquisitions were performed on 14 young, healthy volunteers at 7T, and Shear Stiffness, Damping Raio, FA and RD were calculated for each person. Results: Significant correlations were found in small, highly anisotropic, brain regions between Shear Stiffness or Damping Raio and FA or RD. Impact: The high resolutions achieved at 7T for both MRE and DTI allow us to investigate microstructural relationships in small, highly-anisotropic, brain regions. Changes in these metrics or relationships between these metrics could indicate alterations in microstructure integrity, suggesting potential damage.
Virtual MR elastography based on IVIM for assessment of tumor, node and prognostic stage in rectal cancer: compared with real MR elastography
Authors: Luo Yijing , Liu Wenguang , Li Yue , Zhang Huiting , Qu Feifei , Wu Yanglei , Pei Yigang , Li Wenzheng
Published: November 2024

Motivation: It is not widely available to real MR elastography (r-MRE) for clinical because of external elastography equipment. Goal(s): To assess the staging value of virtual MR elastography (v-MRE) preoperatively in rectal adenocarcinoma (RA). Approach: Relationship between shift ADC (sADC) from IVIM and real shear-wave speed (Cr-MRE), inversion of the equation for generating virtual shear-wave speed (Cv-MRE), and assessment of pathological stages in RA patients. Results: In diagnosing T, N and P stage, the virtual MR elastography has potential to replace real MR elastography. Impact: This study overcomes the shortcomings of real MR elastography and facilitates MR elastography to be used in clinical practice.
The value of QSM combined with free water imaging in the differentiation of early multisystem atrophy from Parkinson's disease
Authors: Xu Changyuan , Li Gaiying , Wu Yupeng , Chen Yufan , Zhong Haodong , Gong Tao , Zhao Yang , Zhuo Mengyuan , Chen Weibo , Li Jianqi , Wang Guangbin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: We hope to provide some clinical assistance in distinguishing early Parkinson's disease from early multisystem atrophy. Goal(s): In this study, we investigated alterations in iron deposition in deep grey matter nuclei and free water indicators in patients with early Parkinson's disease and early multisystem atrophy. Approach: We manually sketched the putamen (PT), substantia nigra (SN) and dentate nucleus (DN) to obtain magnetic susceptibility values and free water imaging metrics for each nucleus. Results: We found that DN plays an important role in identifying patients with early PD and early MSA. Impact: This study suggests that QSM and free-water imaging are complementary tools to reveal pathophysiological differences in iron deposition and microstructural changes between early PD and early MSA. Therefore, the combination of both techniques may support differential clinical diagnosis further.
Influencing factors of high-grade pivot shift in ACL injuries based on 3T MRI
Authors: Li Zongrui , Liang Huilou , Pu Xunfei , Chen Junrong , Li Qin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery often fails to fully restore the natural knee joint function. Goal(s): Investigate if factors like anterolateral ligament abnormalities (ALL), lateral and medial posterior tibial slope (LPTS and MPTS), lateral and medial collateral ligament injury (LCL and MCL), and intraoperative lateral and medial meniscus injuries (LM and MM) are linked to high-grade pivot shift in ACL injuries. Approach: Case-controlled subjects were imaged using 3T MRI to analyze the effects of these factors. Results: LPTS, ALL, and LM injuries in ACL cases may be high-risk factors associated with high-grade pivot shift. Impact: In future treatment of ACL injuries, it may be necessary to consider the impact of these risk factors and improve surgical strategies, to improve outcomes, facilitate recovery, and minimize the occurrence of long-term complications.
Quantitative multiparametric UTE-MRI sequences for early cartilage degeneration corresponding to biochemical components——an in vivo study
Authors: Su Xiaolian , Wan Lidi , Wang Yitong , Chen Jieying , Wen Qingqing , Wu Pu-Yeh , Tang Guangyu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The detection of early cartilage degeneration by UTE-MRI has been demonstrated in many in vitro experiments but lacks validation in in vivo studies. Goal(s): To explore the feasibility of UTE-MRI quantitative imaging in the diagnosis of early cartilage degeneration in vivo, compare the diagnostic efficacy of various sequences and explore their corresponding pathological and biochemical basis. Approach: Volunteers were recruited preoperatively to perform MRI for comparison with postoperative pathology. Results: UTE-MRI values have shown greater in vivo diagnostic value for early cartilage degeneration compared to conventional T2 and T1ρ values, and mainly reflect different aspects of cartilage degeneration. Impact: Validating the clinical utility of UTE-MRI in vivo for diagnosing early cartilage degeneration contributes to the early detection and intervention of articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis patients.
Quantitative Characterization of Breast Lesion Using Compartmentalized Model: Intravoxel Incoherent Motion and Restriction Spectrum Imaging
Authors: He Litong , Zhang Yunfei , Ai Tao
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Conventional diffusion-weighted MRI with ADC in clinical breast imaging protocol may not accurately reflect the authentic diffusion. Goal(s): To quantitatively comparison the diagnostic utility of the compartmentalized diffusion-weighted model-intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions. Approach: The Mann-Whitney U-test and ROC analysis were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of each parameter and model in differentiating breast lesions. Results: Quantitative parameters derived from three-compartment RSI model have great promise as imaging indicators in differentiating breast lesions compared to bi-exponential IVIM model. Additionally, the hybrid model integrating IVIM and RSI achieves the superior diagnostic performance. Impact: The integration of IVIM and RSI would likely lead to a new perspective for the characterization of breast lesions, thus have potential clinical utility in the further application of non-contrast-enhanced breast MR screening.
The value of Native T1 mapping in identifying pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas with different degree of pathological differentiation
Authors: Li Kai , Chen HaiYan , Shi Lei , Tang Rong , Huang Shan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MRI quantitative technique T1 mapping can reflect the change of intrinsic information of tissuesGoal(s): To explore the value of T1 mapping in PDCA with different degrees of differentiationApproach: Comparison of PDCA with different degrees of differentiation, the T1 relaxation time before and after enhancementResults: by comparing the T1 mapping values before and after enhancement of PDAC with different degrees of differentiation, it was found that as the degree of differentiation of PDAC was getting higher, the Native T1 value showed a tendency to increase. The Native T1 was moderately positively correlated with the degree of pathological differentiationImpact: T1 mapping may serve as a noninvasive means of predicting the degree of pathologic differentiation of PDAC before surgery.Give clinicians earlier information.
Comparison of Stiffness Measurement Variability in MRE Phantoms using Different Passive Drivers
Authors: Souza Raphael do Vale , Kammerman Jeff , Rutkowski David , Starekova Jitka , Rossman Phillip , Pepin Kay , Hernando Diego , Brittain Jean , Reeder Scott
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Quantitative quality assurance (QA) methods for magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) are needed for clinical care but are currently unavailable. Goal(s): Evaluate stiffness measurement variability from two phantoms of different stiffness using four types of passive drivers: two commercial drivers, a custom stand-style driver, and a novel driver integrated into the phantom housing. Approach: Stiffness measurements were quantified in ten acquisitions in two phantoms of differing stiffness by four passive drivers. Measurement variability was compared by standard deviations and Whisker-and-Box plots. Results: The integrated driver achieved the best performance with the highest repeatability, ie: lowest variability, compared to the other drivers. Impact: An MRE phantom equipped with an integrated passive driver could improve repeatability in MRE quality assurance, potentially enhancing the reliability of QA processes in both clinical trials and patient care.
An In-Depth Analysis of Liver Fat Quantification Using 5T MRI: A Comparative Study with 1.5T MRI MRS-PDFF
Authors: Liu Jianxian , Wang Zhensong , Yu Dan , Yang Yanxing , Zou Chao , Cheng Chuanli , Jiang Xiangsen , Chen Peng , Gan Jie
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an escalating health issue, necessitating precise noninvasive measurement of hepatic steatosis. Goal(s): To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of 5T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for in vivo liver fat quantification. Approach: The study utilized phantoms with controlled fat content and 20 volunteers, comparing proton density fat fraction (PDFF) values measured by 5T MRS against those from 1.5T MRS. Results: The 5T MRS demonstrated strong consistency with 1.5T measurements, validating its potential in clinical diagnostics despite technical challenges associated with ultra-high-field MRI applications. Impact: The study's validation of 5T MRS for liver fat quantification could enhance diagnostic precision for liver conditions, influencing clinical practices and guiding future technological advancements in MRI diagnostics.
Early Alzheimer's Detection and Classification using VGG Convolutional Neural Network and Systematic Data Augmentation using MR Images
Authors: Budyak Elena , Kwon Jihoon , Maharjan Surendra
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The use of different imaging tools at various hospitals results in varying contrast images. This fragmentation in healthcare prompted me to develop a personalized network that can be trained using hospital imaging database. Goal(s): The main goal of this project is to predict early stages of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) using Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Approach: We applied convolutional neural network (CNN) to the T1 weighted images of AD, publicly available at https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/tourist55/alzheimers-dataset-4-class-of-images. The images were classified into four classes. F1 score and Area Under Curve (AUC) were calculated for the model after training. Results: We demonstrated F1 score of 99.60% and AUC 0.994. Impact: This model could be used to predict AD to other datasets that might help early detection of AD and subsequently improve treatment strategies. With various mice brain scan training, this network can also be used to aid AD researchers.
Fully Automatic Vertebrae and Spinal Cord Segmentation Using a Hybrid Approach Combining nnU-Net and Iterative Algorithm
Authors: Warszawer Yehuda , Molinier Nathan , Valosek Jan , Shirbint Emanuel , Benveniste Pierre-Louis , Achiron Anat , Eshaghi Arman , Cohen-Adad Julien
Published: November 2024

Motivation: 3D visualisation of the spinal cord and vertebrae anatomy is critical for treatment planning and assessment of cord atrophy in neurodegenerative and traumatic diseases. Goal(s): Develop a fully automatic segmentation of the whole spinal cord, vertebrae and discs. Approach: The hybrid method combines a nnU-Net with an iterative processing algorithm with Spinal Cord Toolbox to conveniently generate ground truth labels. We used 3D T1w and T2w scans from three different databases. Results: A validation Dice score of 0.928 was obtained (averaged across contrasts, classes and datasets), suggesting promising segmentation accuracy and capabilities for generalisation given the use of multi-site/multi-vendor datasets. Impact: The fully automatic segmentation of the spine and spinal cord will pinpoint pathologies at specific vertebrae level, offering visualization for surgery preparation. This could also refine segmentation of substructures like multiple sclerosis lesions and tumors, inspiring solutions for related issues.
A Two Step Workflow to Support Fully Autonomous MR Scanning in Prostate
Authors: Gui Dawei , Mongia Aanchal , Bhushan Chitresh , Heinlein Jeremy , Manickam Kavitha , Shao Muhan , Patil Uday , Shanbhag Dattesh
Published: November 2024

Motivation: A fully automatic workflow for scan plane prescription is desirable in clinical settings. Goal(s): Our goal is to demonstrate a deep learning-based MRI scan workflow for fully automated MR scanning in the prostate. Approach: This new scan workflow will identify anatomical landmarks and scan planes for prostate planning (coverage, FOV and orientation) from coil sensitivity and 3plane scout images. Results: The deep learning-based anatomy recognition showed acceptable average location error below 5mm and plane orientation error below 10 degrees. Impact: As no interaction from the operator is required to complete a full MR prostate scan, it paves the way for fully automated MR scans for the prostate anatomy.
Automated Bladder Segmentation of 3D Dynamic MRI For Urodynamic Analysis Using Deep Learning
Authors: Shahid Labib , Gonzalez-Pereira Juan Pablo , Franck Jennifer , Roldan-Alzate Alejandro
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Bladder dysfunction is assessed using catheterization which are invasive and provides insufficient biomechanical information. MRI urodynamics is tedious because segmentation of bladders over numerous time steps during voiding. Goal(s): Implement automated segmentation using deep learning for accelerating the workflow of MRI-based urodynamic assessment. Approach: Train a U-Net using 3D dynamic images and manually segmented masks. Use time and dice score to assess the performance of the network. Results: Images of bladder voiding from five subjects were used to train the network and can segment one bladder in <3 minutes, compared to 20 minutes for manual segmentation. Dice score was 0.99 showing excellent performance. Impact: Urodynamic assessment using MRI is a tedious process due to segmentation of the bladder from 3D dynamic image datasets. We automated segmentation using deep learning to accelerate the workflow. Our automated process reduced time sixfold and produces excellent segmentation.
Estimation of cerebral blood flow using the pulse wave amplitude in brain MRI
Authors: Glandorf Julian , Klimeš Filip , Kern Agilo , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gutberlet Marcel , Kornemann Norman , Wacker Frank , Wattjes Mike , Vogel-Claussen Jens
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Flow-related enhancement (FREE)-MRI could be used to generate phase-resolved perfusion-weighted brain maps. Goal(s): To test cerebral blood flow (CBF) estimation using the pulse wave amplitude in FREE-MRI. Secondly, the potential for acceleration was evaluated retrospectively. Approach: Twenty-four healthy subjects had cerebral MRI with balanced steady-state free precession imaging (FREE-MRI) and with pCASL-MRI for comparison. Results: The value distribution of the estimated CBF showed disparity of the values between both techniques in the histogram. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test confirmed differing probability distributions. The approximated CBF from FREE-MRI remained stable until 50% of the data was reconstructed and reveals large potential acceleration. Impact: The proposed technique allows a rough approximation of the cerebral blood flow. Further sequence optimization must be achieved to improve the measurement of lowly perfused tissues. Nevertheless, the technique offers large potential for imaging speed optimization.
A 36 month assessment of ASL reproducibility using a commercial perfusion phantom
Authors: Oliver-Taylor Aaron , Nair Shreya , Hampshire Tom , Bianchi Alessia , Ciccarelli Olga , Yiannakas Marios , Golay Xavier
Published: November 2024

Motivation: During longitudinal studies it is important to ensure quality assurance of MRI data. Here we use a commercially available perfusion phantom for QA of ASL in a 40-patient placebo-control study. Goal(s): The goal of this study was to assess the utility of a perfusion phantom for QA of ASL MRI in a clinical trial setting. Approach: Inversion recovery T1 measurements and pseudo-continuous ASL at 3 different phantom flow rates were scanned periodically on a 3T MRI system over a 36 month period. Results: Once data due to errant phantom behaviour was discounted, the QA metric of labelling efficiency was in a reasonable range. Impact: By acquiring independent T1 measures of the phantom’s perfusate, then computing ASL perfusion maps and comparing against the phantom’s pump flow rate, a useful QA metric can be established that can provide confidence in acquired subject ASL data.
Development of a phantom for assessment of signal-to-noise ratio in whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI
Authors: Harrison Ciara , Keaveney Sam , Rata Mihaela , Mcaddy Naami , Collins David , Charles-Edwards Geoff , Winfield Jessica
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of whole-body diffusion-weighted images (WB-DWI) impacts the diagnostic exam quality in whole-body MRI. Evaluating SNR of WB-DWI using healthy volunteers is challenging when developing imaging protocols for multi-centre studies. Goal(s): Develop a phantom for assessing whether a proposed WB-DWI protocol will provide adequate SNR in patient examinations. Approach: A phantom was developed which replicated relevant MR properties of WB-MRI patients. We measured SNR using the phantom and qualitatively graded SNR in subjects. Results: Good correlation was found between the phantom and the subject data and a discrimination threshold between good and poor quality exams was determined. Impact: A phantom can be used to assess the SNR of WB-DWI protocols and shows good correlation with qualitative image quality, enabling faster, quantitative optimisation of SNR in WB-DWI protocols when setting up multi-centre studies.
Bias and Variability of Mean Diffusivity from DTI Across Two Head Coils: a Traceable Phantom Study
Authors: Sierhej Agnieszka , Hall Matt , Smith Nadia , Clark Chris
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Variability and bias of diffusion parameters need to be assessed to separate the measurement-induced variability from biological effects. Goal(s): Our goal was to assess the bias and variability of mean diffusivity (MD) from the Diffusion Tensor Model using a traceable phantom. Approach: The NIST/QIBA phantom was scanned multiple times using two different head coils on the same system. The differences between MD measured using different head coils and bias to NIST-reported values were investigated. Results: A significant difference in measured MD with two coils can be found across multiple vials. Both coils introduce non-negligible bias to NIST-reported values for lower MD values. Impact: Using traceable phantoms is essential in the development of Diffusion MRI-based Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers (QIBs). Different head coils can introduce significant differences across MD values and should be treated as confounding factors in QIBs studies.
Correlation analysis of the behavioral analysis and quantitative T2 map data in the SOD1G93A mouse model
Authors: Kuramochi Momoka , Komaki Yuji , Kameda Hiroyuki , Kudo Kosuke , Hata Junichi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is still an understudied disease, and early detection is important. Goal(s): This study aimed to clarify the transition of the pathophysiology and evaluate the relationship between the abnormalities detected on magnetic resonance imaging and the development of clinical symptoms by combining the T2 map data obtained in the previous study with behavioral analysis. Approach: Behavioral analysis was performed on four parameters, namely, bodyweight, general condition, hind-foot reflex test, and landing foot-splay test. Correlation analysis of the behavioral analysis data and T2 map data was performed in each voxel. Results: A correlation was detected in the trigeminal motor nucleus. Impact: Changes in the trigeminal motor nucleus are indicated to be closely related to early changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This finding is suggested to be useful for the early diagnosis of ALS in humans and research on novel treatments.
T2*-mapping of the mouse brain at 7T with a 3D Multi Gradient Echo Sequence.
Authors: SIMONNEAU Nicolas , TROTIER Aurélien , COSENZA Elise , PETIT Laurent , RIBOT Emeline J , MIRAUX Sylvain
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Measuring T2* in mouse brains may therefore be of interest in assessing pathological models or innovative treatments directed against these pathologies. Goal(s): The goal of this study was to obtain a high resolution and accurate T2* map of the mouse brain ex vivo and in vivo. Approach: A 3D Multi Gradient Echo sequence with a drift compensation module was used and combined with an optimized fitting model which takes account the non-central chi distribution of the multi-channel gaussian noise. Results: T2* map were obtained ex vivo and in vivo at 117 µm isotropic resolution in 20 minutes. Impact: A high-resolution 3D Multi-Gradient Echo sequence sequence has been coupled with an optimized fitting algorithm to generate high resolution T2* map of the mouse brain. This method can be used to study preclinical stroke model.
Predictive value of left atrial and left ventricular strain for sudden cardiac death risk in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by feature-tracking CMR
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , Liu Pengfei , Shi Ying , Lian Jianxiu , Li Lulu , Shen Honghu , Wu Haishan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The risk stratification for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) placement in high-risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has challenges. Goal(s): The aim of this study is to investigate the connection between left atrial and left ventricular strain and sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk stratification by feature-tracking CMR. Approach: All patients were satisfied by the 2020 AHA/ACC HCM Risk-SCD model with feature-tracking CMR for assessing left atrial and left ventricular strain. Results: Results demonstrated that both left atrial and left ventricular strain show obvious attenuation in high-risk group than low-risk group. LVGRS+LARS combined model exhibited a superior diagnostic value for identifying high-risk SCD. Impact: The LVGRS+LARS combined model could provide additional predictive value for improving SCD risk stratification in clinical practice, which may provide vital insights into the judicious clinical utilization of ICD to reduce SCD in HCM.
Comparing cerebral blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid flow during breath-holding and motor tasks in the human brain.
Authors: Im JaeGeun , Kim JunHee , Park SungHong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Recent studies highlight the significant impact of arterial pulsation on CSF movements in animal studies, but direct comparison in awake humans is still limited. Goal(s): This study aims to concurrently measure CSF and CBF, excluding the influence of breathing, to analyze their correlation. Additionally, it investigates changes in CSF movement during the motor task. Approach: Simultaneously measuring CBF and CSF by applying pCASL, and comparing how they change during breath-holding and motor tasks. Results: During breath-holding, we observed a positive correlation between CBF and CSF. Furthermore, we confirmed reduced CSF inflow during the motor task compared to the resting state. Impact: The relationship between CSF movement and CBF was analyzed during breath-holding and motor tasks in humans for the first time. This study offers a new way to study CBF and CSF movement, providing a better understanding of CBF-CSF physiology.
Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms with Tunable Acoustic and Mechanical Properties for Visualizing MRgFUS Cavitation Lesions
Authors: Allen Elizabeth , Odeen Henrik , Passe-Carlus Paul-Emile , Harris Hunter , Allen Steven
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Develop tissue-mimicking phantoms for MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) procedures, enabling precise cavitation lesion visualization. Goal(s): Phantoms with tunable acoustic and mechanical properties, capable of producing MR image contrast when exposed to cavitation lesioning. Previous designs lacked tunable parameters or MR contrast, hindering comprehensive study of cavitation behavior. This project seeks to fill this gap by developing versatile phantoms with MR contrast. Approach: Combine evaporated milk, saline, agarose, and live red blood cells to create versatile phantoms. Conduct systematic experiments to validate tunable acoustic attenuation, mechanical stiffness, and lesion contrast for MRgFUS. Results: Successfully produced customizable phantoms with excellent lesion contrast in MRgFUS. Impact: Researchers can use the results presented here to construct MR visible phantoms that interrogate acoustic cavitation.
Development of a Multichannel Transmit Array for Knee Arterial Spin Labeling Imaging at 7 Tesla
Authors: Waks Matt , Sadeghi-Tarakameh Alireza , DelaBarre Lance , Wu Xiaoping , Ellermann Jutta , Adriany Gregor , Metzger Greg , Li Xiufeng
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To overcome the limitations of a commercially-available single-transmit channel knee coil in terms of B1+ inhomogeneity in the imaging region, and limited coverage in the proximal femoral meta-diaphysis for knee bone marrow arterial spin labeling (ASL) at 7T. Goal(s): Our goal was to evaluate the B1+ performance of possible transmit array designs, as the first step towards an optimized design for an ASL imaging knee coil. Approach: 6- and 8-channel multichannel transmit array designs were explored experimentally and in simulation. Results: Both evaluated transmit arrays provided more uniform B1+ and better coverage in the labelling region compared to a single-transmit channel knee coil. Impact: Development of pTx-capable knee coils will greatly improve the quality, reliability, and efficiency of knee ASL imaging at 7T and can provide the clinically critical but currently not available platform for the assessment of knee bone marrow perfusion.
Alterations in Spatial Working Memory and Brain Activity following 24h of Acute Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Men: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Authors: Xu Lili , Zhang Haoyuan , Geng Xicong , Zhang Jing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The precise neural mechanisms through which SD induces spatial working memory impairment are currently the subject of ongoing investigation. Goal(s): The purpose is to investigate the causes of spatial working memory deficits in subjects following SD. Approach: we employed a combination of ROCFT and rs-fMRI. Results: We observed elevated ALFF and ReHo in the Precuneus_L, ParaHippocampal_R, Postcentral_R, and Temporal_Mid_L regions, as well as reduced ReHo in the bilateral Frontal_Sup regions. Furthermore, we identified a negative correlation between the ReHo of Temporal_Mid_L and the duration of the 30min delayed recall, suggesting that these changes may contribute to the impaired spatial working memory following SD. Impact: The alterations in ALFF and ReHo after SD point to potential underlying mechanism for spatial working memory impairment. These findings offer promising avenues for future research aimed at elucidating the intricate neural mechanisms responsible for SD-induced spatial working memory deficits.
The causal effect of insomnia on the hippocampal volume and hippocampal plasticity
Authors: Dang Xixi , Chen Yinghe
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The causal relationship between the sleep-related traits and the plasticity of subcortical brain volumes remains unclear. Goal(s): This study aims to explore the causal relationship between two sleep-related traits (i.e., sleep duration and insomnia) and subcortical volumes. Approach: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysisResults: We found a significant causal effect of insomnia but not sleep duration on the hippocampal volume. Moreover, insomnia showed significant causal influence on the structural plasticity of the hippocampus, which may associated with the rates of hippocampal atrophy. Impact: The causal effect of insomnia on the hippocampal volume and plasticity may explain the adverse effect of insomnia on memory and may offer new evidence which could push the exploration of sleep management to delay the course of neurodegenerative diseases.
Amide Proton Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Jiang Hongjun , Yu Shuncheng , Yu Langxuan , Sun Peng , Lin Liangjie , Wang Weiwei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: APT imaging has been used to study neurodegenerative diseases,T2DM is also known to be associated with cognitive decline and brain structural changes,so, it is interesting to explore the cerebral metabolic alternation of T2DM. Goal(s): This study investigated the feasibility of APT to monitor the condition of T2DM patients. Approach: Twenty T2DM patients and Twenty age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent conventional MR and APT scanning,The image analysis of APT was performed by 3D Slicer software. Results: The results showed that the APT values in the left temporal white matter of T2DM patients were lower and significantly different from healthy controls. Impact: By APT technique, temporal lobe white matter APT signal values were found to be lower in T2DM patients than in healthy controls, which can provide more information on cerebral metabolic changes in T2DM patients.
Characterisation of brain T2* Values across the neonatal period at 7 Telsa
Authors: Pickles Elisabeth , Moore Jucha Willers , Bridgen Philippa , Uus Alena , Hajnal Jo , Deprez Maria , Price Anthony , Arichi Tomoki , Malik Shaihan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Brain T2* values can provide information about tissue specific maturation, and can also provide knowledge important for optimising echo times for fMRI acquisition. Goal(s): To characterise tissue specific T2* values in the neonatal brain at 7T. Approach: Whole brain T2* maps from 14 neonates were generated using a 3D multi-echo acquisition. Results: Median T2* values were: cortical grey matter: 58 ms, deep grey matter: 70 ms and white matter: 86 ms. Values differ markedly from those described in adults and measured at standard field strengths. Impact: We describe tissue-specific T2* values in the neonatal brain at 7T, which may provide new information about brain development in health and disease, and provide a basis for optimising fMRI sequences for neonates at 7T.
Validation of U-Net models for direct EPI Segmentation of brain MRI: towards faster and accurate diffusion Analysis
Authors: Liao Yu-Chen , Huang Teng-Yi , Chen Jia-Xiu , Yu Jui-Jung
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Brain sub-region segmentation from MRI scans aids in detailed structural analysis. We attempt to directly segment EPI to simplify diffusion metric analysis, potentially allowing for swift regional analysis of diffusion metrics. Goal(s): Our primary goal is to develop deep learning U-Net models for EPI segmentation, aiming to circumvent the necessity for T1 images and to simplify the segmentation workflow. Approach: We collected 3182 datasets from public MRI databases, enhancing ground-truth labels through distortion correction methods. Results: The ASEG model achieves the highest Dice coefficient (0.709), reducing execution time significantly. Subsequent analyses show ASEG model's diffusion results correlate highly with conventional template registration. Impact: The results enhanced speed and precision in EPI segmentation, promising substantial advancements in clinical and research domains through rapid acquisition of brain structural information. The anticipated open-source availability of this methodology stands to greatly facilitate clinical research involving regional brain analysis.
A Fast Double Stochastic Proximal Method for CS-MRI Reconstruction with Multiple Wavelets
Authors: Hong Tao , Hernandez-Garcia Luis , Fessler Jeffrey
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Gu et al. [3] showed one can obtain comparable performance as the physics-guided deep learning (PG-DL) networks [4] for CS-MRI reconstruction by using multiple wavelets as the regularizers. Goal(s): Develop an efficient numerical algorithm for CS-MRI reconstruction with multiple wavelets. Approach: Study a fast double stochastic proximal method (FDSPM) for compressed sensing MRI (CS-MRI) reconstruction. Results: Our experiments demonstrate that FDSPM converges in less CPU time than classical CS algorithms for image reconstruction. Impact: Exploring efficient algorithms for multiple regularizers CS-MRI reconstruction can motivate new efficient network structures that are easy to train.
Effects of short-term methylphenidate treatment on functional network connectivity in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Vansina Eline , van der Pal Zarah , Boucherie Daphne , Kaiser Antonia , Douw Linda , Reneman Liesbeth , Schrantee Anouk
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Long-term treatment with methylphenidate for ADHD may not sustain initial treatment gains, potentially attributed to the development of tolerance over time. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unexplored. Goal(s): To investigate how methylphenidate treatment alters functional connectivity changes to an acute methylphenidate challenge within three resting-state networks implicated in ADHD dysfunction. Approach: Resting-state fMRI before and after the challenge was collected in children and adults with ADHD, at baseline and after 16-week treatment with methylphenidate or placebo. Results: Functional connectivity measures in the frontoparietal network in children became more similar to that of controls after 4-months of methylphenidate treatment. Impact: Methylphenidate has long-lasting effects on within-frontoparietal network connectivity, but lack of change in response to MPH-challenge after treatment suggests that there is no tolerance in this neurobiological parameter. Future investigations require long term follow-up to investigate neurobiological and symptom tolerance.
How temperature and immersion liquid affect the relaxation properties in articular cartilage samples?
Authors: Nykänen Olli , Räty Iida , Leskinen Henri , Hänninen Nina , Nissi Mikko
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Preclinical measurement series of articular cartilage samples are often time-consuming. Thus, knowledge about changes in relaxation properties of cartilage during measurements and depending on the sample handling is important. Goal(s): To study the effect of storage temperature and immersion liquid on the relaxation properties of articular cartilage. Approach: T1, T2, and adiabatic T1rho relaxation times were measured for 28 cartilage-bone samples at five timepoints and analyzed by linear regression. Results: T1 and adiabatic T1rho relaxation times increased over time, while T2 varied. Immersion in phosphate-buffered saline instead of signal-free perfluoropolyether increased the relaxation times in superficial cartilage. Impact: The study increases understanding on how the relaxation properties within ex vivo cartilage samples change over time. The results obtained here should be considered when planning future studies utilizing such samples.
Water T2 mapping from low to high fat fraction values in lower limb skeletal muscles of different neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Reyngoudt Harmen , Baudin Pierre-Yves , de Almeida Araujo Ericky Caldas , Marty Benjamin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Muscle water T2 is an interesting quantitative MRI biomarker in neuromuscular disorders but its interpretation is influenced by the presence of fat. Goal(s): We investigated how this water T2-fat relationship differed between nine different neuromuscular disorders. Approach: We looked at linear and 2nd degree polynomial fits, all obtained with the same 3-T system, sequence and post-processing pipeline. Results: Polynomial fitting describes the data better and the water T2-fat relationship needs to be interpreted in a disease-specific context, especially when there is a known inflammatory component and/or if water T2 is increased before the occurrence of any muscle fat replacement. Impact: The relationship between MRI biomarkers water T2, reflecting active muscle damage, and fat fraction, reflecting disease progression, should be interpreted in the context of the disease, whether or not there is inflammation or extensive active muscle damage.
A multipurpose Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis specific short MRI protocol: feasibility study in volunteers.
Authors: Shcherbakova Yulia , Lafranca Peter , Foppen Wouter , van der Velden Tijl , Castelein Rene , Ito Keita , Schlosser Tom , Seevinck Peter
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To date, there is no description of an optimal MRI protocol for detection of early changes in the scoliotic spine. Goal(s): The goal is to assess the feasibility of the multi-purpose short MRI protocol based on the MR data of adult volunteers. Approach: Based on the checklist of relevant landmarks, assessment of the volunteer MR data and identification of the landmarks was performed by 3 readers. Results: We have demonstrated that the proposed MRI protocol, covering almost the entire spine in 14 min, is efficient for detection of relevant landmarks for: scoliosis assessment, screening for neural axis abnormalities, and surgical planning and navigation. Impact: A short MRI protocol is developed for accurate assessment of spinal deformity in AIS patients, facilitating the treatment management, monitoring and surgical planning, and simplifying the clinical workflow.
“Black Bone” MRI: a potential alternative to X-ray with three-dimensional reconstruction for the diagnosis of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Authors: Zhuang Xiamei , Jin Ke , Zhang Huiting
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Femoral head necrosis can be clearly displayed by Black Bone MRI. Goal(s): This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of MR imaging with Black Bone sequence in the lateral pillar classification and femoral head extrusion index of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) in children. Approach: The study included thirty-eight children with LCPD who underwent both X-ray and MR scans. The diagnostic performance of Black Bone MRI was assessed in comparison to X-ray. Results: The results showed that Black Bone had no significant difference in measuring the femoral head extrusion index compared to X-ray. For Herring classification, Black Bone MRI performed very well. Impact: Black Bone MRI can be used as a conventional sequence for the assessment of LCPD in children, allowing patients to avoid ionizing radiation.
Ultrashort Echo Time MRI for Pediatric Patients with Craniofacial Abnormalities
Authors: Kamona Nada , Ng Jinggang , Kim Yohan , Vu Brian-Tinh , Jones Brandon , Lee Hyunyeol , Corday Holly , Wagner Connor , Song Hee Kwon , Konar Sandhya , Rajapakse Chamith , Bartlett Scott , Wehrli Felix
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Ionizing radiation risk from CT remains a concern for pediatric patients with craniofacial abnormalities. Goal(s): Use high-resolution bone-selective MRI for cranial bone imaging and evaluate feasibility in pediatric patients. Approach: We quantitatively assessed a new echo-subtraction UTE sequence against clinical CT and another well-known MRI technique to assess their strengths and limitations. Results: The proposed UTE sequence had high agreement with CT among the 3D rendered bone segmentations in terms of Dice similarity coefficient and quantification of clinical craniometric measurements. Furthermore, the bone-selective MR images clearly depict thin bone structures with attenuation of both soft-tissues and air. Impact: Craniofacial imaging with the proposed ultrashort echo time sequence has high agreement with CT in pediatric patients. MRI can be a reliable non-ionizing and radiation-free modality for pediatric patients who are at increased risk of radiation malignancy.
Associations between time-dependent diffusion MRI parameters and WHO/ISUP grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: He Chunlei , Chen Yuntian , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Song Bin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: OGSE-MRI provides more information on kidney cancer prognosis, metastasis possibility, specific survival rate in the future. Goal(s): To explore whether parameters derived from OGSE can demonstrate microstructure in clear cell renal cell carcinomaApproach: Patients suspected of ccRCC who underwent diffusion-weighted imaging were employed to quantify the time-dependent diffusion MRI-based microstructural parameters cell diameter (D), intracellular volume fraction (vin), cellularity, and diffusivities (Dex). Results: ccRCC with high WHO/ISUP grade show higher cellularity and vin, while lower D and Dex parameters. Impact: The OGSE MRI parameters correlates with pathologic grades and demonstrates promise for characterizing renal carcinoma.
Repeatability of MRI cytometry of the liver on clinical 3T scanners
Authors: jiang xiaoyu , Xu Junzhong , Gore John
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Noninvasive measurement of liver cell sizes and densities is clinically important. Goal(s): Assess the repeatability of liver cell size and density mapping using MRI cytometry, a diffusion MRI-based imaging technique. Approach: In vivo MRI cytometry was repeated twice with intervals of 2-7 days for six healthy subjects. Results: MRI-derived liver cell size and density exhibited high repeatability, with significant correlations (r2 = 0.89 and 0.91 for cell size and cell density, respectively; [P< 0.0001]). Impact: Our findings indicate that a liver MRI cytometry protocol can be implemented on standard clinical 3T scanners with satisfactory repeatability in under 12 minutes, thus affirming the potential for broader clinical adoption in the future.
Feasibility of Volumetric Multiple-Breath Washout 19F-Perfluoropropane Ventilation Mapping of the Lung in Healthy Children
Authors: Alam Faiyza , Zanette Brandon , Li Daniel , Braganza Sharon , Neal Mary , Thelwall Peter , Ratjen Felix , Santyr Giles
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Multiple-breath washout (MBW) MRI following exhalation of a tracer gas results in regional maps of fractional ventilation (FV). Using perfluoropropane (PFP) gas allows for long washout experiments which may provide useful clinical insight on slow-filling regions of diseased lungs, particularly in children. Goal(s): Test feasibility of MBW PFP-MRI in pediatric healthy participants, investigate gravitational dependence of FV. Approach: 3 healthy pediatric participants were imaged using 3D broad-banded 19F-MRI and the following MBW maneuver: 6 inhalations of PFP gas mixture, then wash-out with room air with 8s MR-images every second breath. Results: MBW PFP-MRI was feasible in children. The gravitational gradient was as expected. Impact: The ability of PFP to be mixed with oxygen and the fact that it is thermally polarized makes longer MBW studies possible and thus has the potential to improve tolerance by younger subjects and those with more advanced lung disease.
Multiparametric MRI for Tumor Restaging of Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Hou Ya-jun , Sang Zi-tong , Li Qiong , Xu Wei-yue , Nickel Dominik , Hsu Yi-Cheng , Liu Xi-sheng
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Accurate presurgical restaging of tumor invasion depth (ycT stage) is critical to determining appropriate therapies and evaluating outcomes for locally advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Despite the reported advantages of computed tomography, its accuracy is low, with often heterogeneous results. Goal(s): We tested the performance of multiparametric MRI for gastric cancer tumor restaging. Approach: Three radiologists evaluated ycT stage based on T2WI, DWI, ZOOMit DWI, and XD-VIBE DCE sequences. Results: Multiparametric MRI provides accurate differentiation of restaging after neoadjuvant therapy. ZOOMit DWI and XD-VIBE achieved higher accuracy than did conventional T2WI and DWI in assessing ycT stage. Impact: Multiparametric MRI is expected to improve the accuracy of restaging gastric cancer after neoadjuvant therapy and guide decision making for clinical treatment.
Diffusion imaging of the brain at 3T and 7T: a comparison of metrics and reproducibility using a matched acquisition scheme
Authors: Veale Thomas , Malone Ian , Cash David , Callaghan Martina , Thomas David
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The SNR benefits of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at 7T are unclear. Previous studies comparing across field strengths involved varying scanner hardware and acquisition protocols. Goal(s): To characterise the spatial SNR differences of brain DWI at 3T and 7T. Approach: Participants were scanned back-to-back on 3T and 7T scanners with well-matched hardware and acquisition protocols. SNR and DTI metrics were compared between field strengths in white and grey matter regions. Results: SNR is higher at 7T in WM but comparable or lower in GM. DTI metrics also vary between field strengths, and fitting error is lower at 7T. Impact: This study indicates that there is tangible SNR benefit to studying white matter using diffusion-weighted imaging at 7T in humans. However, we caution researchers when studying grey matter structures, especially in the pallidum and close to the air-tissue interfaces.