bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solving a Real-World Problem of Truck-Trailer Scheduling in Container Transportation by Local Search
Authors:   ",   1Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam 2Academy of Cryptography Techniques, Hanoi, Vietnam"
Published: May 2022

Container transportation plays a very important role in global supply chains where companies of different countries exchange goods overseas. Operational costs of transporting containers are extremely high. Hence, optimizing itinerary schedules brings substantial benefits to logistics companies. In this paper, we investigate a realistic container transportation schedule problem in which trucks, trailers, and containers are separate objects located at different terminals, and trucks are planned to take trailers and carry containers between container depots, ports, and customer warehouses. In this context, containers can be 40ft or 20ft, and a trailer can carry one 40ft container or one 20ft container, or two 20ft containers. Moreover, a truck can detach the trailer and leave both the container and trailer at the warehouse if there is no forklift available. We first propose a mixed-integer linear programming model for describing the problem. Then, we propose a local search algorithm for solving the problem. Experiments on generated data instances show the benefits of the proposed algorithm compared to the previously proposed algorithm in which the improvement rate of the solution quality is 19.62% on average. Furthermore, the application of the model leads to rapidity in generating the solution; this task that used to take days is decreased to just one hour.
Mitindo na Lugha ya Uwasilishaji katika Nyimbo za Jando za Jamii ya Watachoni Kutoka Kenya
Authors: Prof Nabea Wendo; Dkt Gwachi J. Mayaka Makhakha Richard Iyaya;
Published: May 2022

Utafiti huu ulilenga kutathmini mitindo ya uwasilishaji na lugha inayojitokeza katika nyimbo za jando katika jamii ya watachoni wa kaunti ya bungoma. Nadharia ya baada ya umuundo ya Derrida (1966) ilitumika katika utafiti huu, nadharia hii ilitumika kwa mkamilishano na ya ubabe-dume ya Maclennes (1998).  Utafiti huu ulilenga watahiriwa, wazazi, wanaume Watachoni, wanawake Watachoni na viongozi wa shughuli za jando ya Watachoni wanaotumia nyimbo za jando.  Sampuli kusudio pamoja na nasibu tabakishi zilitumika. Jumla ya nyimbo 16 za nyimbo (nyiso na maghani) za jando zilitumika na watafitiwa 45 walirejelewa. Deta iliyokusanywa ilirekodiwa kwenye kanda na video, ikaandikwa, ikachanganuliwa na kutafsiriwa kutoka lugha ya Kitachoni hadi lugha ya utafiti-Kiswahili kisha kuwasilishwa. Utafiti huu ulitumia mbinu za uchunzaji nyanjani, mahojiano, mashauriano na wasimamizi pamoja na uainishaji wa habari kutokana na vyombo vya habari. Vifaa kama vile kamera za picha tuli na za kunasa sauti na video na data kuziwasilisha kwa njia ya maelezo, majedwali na picha tuli. Utafiti huu uligundua kuwa mitindo na lugha inayotumika katika uwasilishaji wa nyimbo za jando ndiyo inayoyafanya kukidhi mahitaji ya tohara hii pamoja na kuipa upekee wake. Utafiti huu ulihitimisha kuwa Viongozi wa shughuli za jando wanafaa wapitishiwe katika semina za mara kwa mara kuangazia na kuimarisha utendaji wao katika uteuzi wa matini, mitindo na lugha mwafaka za utoaji mafunzo kupitia nyimbo za jando katika jamii ya Watachoni. Utafiti huu unapendekeza kuandaliwe warsha kwa mahafala wa jando kila baada ya miaka minne ili kuwahamasisha kuhusu kanuni, mitindo na dhima za nyimbo katika shughuli za jando ya jamii ya Watachoni.
Vipengele Vya Ontolojia Katika Tamthiliya Za Kiswahili: Mashetani (1971) Na Kivuli Kinaishi (1990).
Authors: Dr. Muusya Justus; Dr. Rose Mavisi. Rosalina Karata;
Published: May 2022

Makala haya yalilenga kuchambua vipengele vya Ontolojia ya Kiafrika katika tamthiliya za Kiswahili: mfano wa Mashetani (1971) na Kivuli Kinaishi (1990). Mbinu iliyotumika katika kukusanya data hii ni mbinu ya kitaamuli. Sampuli iliyotumika katika makala haya ni vitabu viwili vya tamthiliya ambavyo ni Mashetani (1971) na Kivuli Kinaishi (1990). Tamthiliya hizi zitawakilisha zingine nyingi ambazo zimeandikwa na Ibrahimu Hussein na Said Mohamed. Mtafiti atajikita katika tamthiliya hizo mbili ili kuchambua vipengele vya ontolojia. Utafiti huu ulifanywa maktabani ambapo data ziliweza kukusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya udurusu maktaba. Mtafiti alipitia maandishi mbalimbali kutoka katika vitabu vilivyopo katika maktaba pamoja na wavuti ili kupata maelezo yaliyotosha kukidhi haja ya makala haya. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Ontolojia ambapo mtafiti aliitumia katika kuchambua vipengele vya ontolojia ya Kiafrika katika tamthiliya teule. Makala haya yatasaidia kuongeza uelewa kwa wanajamii hasa kwa wale wasiofahamu kuchambua masuala ya kiontolojia katika fasihi andishi. Kutokana na matokeo ya utafiti huu tumefikia mahitimisho kuwa vipengele vya ontolojia ya Kiafrika vilivyobainishwa kutoka katika tamthiliya ya Mashetani na Kivuli Kinaishi vimeweza kusawiri ontolojia ya Kiafrika na nafasi yake kwa jamii.
Mikakati ya Upole Katika Mawasiliano ya Wahudumu wa Magari ya Uchukuzi na Abiria katika lugha ya Kikamba.
Authors: Rose Mavisi; Dr. Justus Muusya Nicholas Kioko;
Published: May 2022

Upole ni hali ya msemaji kudhihirisha kuwa anajali hisia na mahitaji ya msikilizaji katika mazungumzo. Mikakati ya upole hutumiwa na washiriki wa mazungumzo kulainisha na kufanikisha mazungumzo yao. Makala hii inachanganua mikakati ya upole inayotumiwa na wahudumu wa magari ya uchukuzi wa umma wanapoingiliana na abiria katika mji wa Matuu kwa kuzingatia lugha ya Kikamba. Mji wa Matuu upo katika kaunti ya Machakos, kaunti ndogo ya Yatta. Sampuli ya utafiti huu ilichaguliwa kimakusudi. Data ya utafiti huu ilikusanywa katika vituo vitatu vya magari ya uchukuzi katika mji wa Matuu vilivyoteuliwa kimakusudi. Mtafiti aliwahoji wahudumu ishirini na wawili na abiria kumi na tano. Mazungumzo kati ya wahudumu wa magari na abiria yalirekodiwa kwa kutumia kinasa sauti. Njia ya uchunguzi ilitumika kuchunguza mbinu ishara za kuwasiliana kama vile ishara za uso. Kauli zilizo na mikakati ya upole zilinakiliwa na kuwekwa kwenye makundi matano ya mikakati ya upole ili kuchanganuliwa. Makundi hayo ni: Mkakati wa kuwa kwenye rekodi, mkakati chanya wa upole, mkakati hasi wa upole, mkakati wa kuwa nje ya rekodi na mkakati wa kutosema chochote. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na mihimili ya Nadharia ya Upole ya Brown na Levinson (1978, 1987). Matokeo ya utafiti huu yameonyesha kuwa wahudumu walitumia mikakati yote tano ya upole ili kulainisha mawasiliano kati yao na abiria. Mkakati chanya wa upole na mkakati hasi wa upole ndiyo iliyotumika kwa wingi na katika vituo vyote vitatu. Kupitia utafiti huu mtafiti anaamini kuwa washikadau katika sekta ya uchukuzi watapata maarifa kuhusu mbinu za kuwasiliana na abiria ili kutimiza malengo yao. Vile vile, kazi hii itasaidia kuboresha matumizi ya lugha kati ya wanajamii pamoja na kuongezea maarifa yaliyomo kuhusiana na taaluma ya isimujamii.
Kuchanganua Aina za Mageuzi katika Maneno ya Sentensi Sahili ya Ekegusii.
Authors: Wilfrida Kemuma
Published: May 2022

Utafiti huu unachanganua aina za mageuzi zinazojitokeza katika sentensi sahili ya Ekegusii. Utafiti huu ulihasisiwa na nadharia za Sintaksia Finyizi na Sarufi Geuza Maumbo. Data ilikusanywa maktabani kutumia kifaa cha kudondoa data, kupitia kwa vitabu teule vya Ekegusii. Ili kupata sentensi zilizodhihirisha mageuzi, mbinu ya usampulishaji kwa lengo maalum ilitumiwa. Mbinu za maelezo zilitumika katika uwasilishaji wa data. Mchakato hufanywa kwa kufuata kanuni mahsusi zinazoitwa kanuni geuzi. Ugeuzi unafuata utaratibu maalum, haufanywi kiholela. Katika ugeuzi wa maumbo kuna sharti la ukaribu ambapo hakuna kiambajengo kinaweza kuhamishwa zaidi ya fundo funge mbili kutokana na matokeo ya utafiti huu. Kanuni zingine za uhamisho ni kanuni ya ufungami ambapo muundo wa kijenzi kilichofundwa unahitaji uamuliwe na neno tawala linalofaa. Kuna vilele kanuni ya ulafi, kanuni teta na kanuni hamishe. Mwisho kuna kanuni muundo virai, kanuni geuzi na kanuni za mofofonemiki. Utafiti huu unapendekeza kuwa utafiti zaidi unaweza kufanywa kuhusu aina zingine za mageuzi kama vile, geuzi hamishi swalifu, geuzi hamishi la yambwa tendewa katika lugha hii na hata lugha nyinginezo ili kukuza uwanja wa kisintaksia. Kuna uhamisho unaotokea kwa lugha zingine na siyo katika Ekegusii. Hizi pia zinaweza kufanyiwa utafiti. Tafiti zaidi zinaweza kufanyiwa mada hii kwa kutumia nadharia zingine ili kueleza ikiwa kutakuwa na matokeo tofauti.
AMEZIDI IMEZIDI.
Authors: Matthew Kwambai
Published: May 2022

Makala haya yamelenga kuangazia muundo wa kipekee wa tamthilia hii na kuona jinsi muundo huu unavyowezesha uwasilishaji wa ujumbe wake. Tamthilia ya Amezidi ina muundo ambao ni tofauti na tamthilia nyingi za Kiswahili zilizoandikwa wakati mmoja. Nadharia iliyotumiwa katika kazi hii ni ya umuundo ambao unasema kuwa kazi ya fasihi inakuwa na muundo Fulani ambao unahusisha fani ambazo zitaweza kutumika katika kuwasilisha ujumbe na hivyo maudhui huwa na uhusiano mkubwa sana na fani zitakazotumiwa kuyawasilisha. Utafiti huu ulikuwa wa kimaktaba, ambapo vitabu mbalimbali vilirejelewa huku yaliyomo katika tamthilia ya Amezidi yakihakikiwa. Matokeo yalidhihirisha kuwa Wahusika wawili na wa pekee ambao wanatekeleza majukumu yote katika tamthilia yote, mbinu kama vile uradidi na chuku zinatumiwa na wahusika hawa kuendeleza maudhui kama vile: umaskini, utegemeaji wa misaada na ndoto zisizoweza kutimizwa. Kutokana na haya yote inadhihirika kuwa tamthilia hii ya kukithiri mipaka ya uhalisia inakengeusha wahusika sawa na wasomaji wa tamthilia hii.
Selpercatinib (Retevmo)
Authors: CADTH
Published: May 2022

CADTH recommends that Retevmo be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic rearranged during transfection (RET) fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), if certain conditions are met.

Retevmo should only be covered to treat adult patients 18 years and older with metastatic RET fusion-positive NSCLC who had never received any cancer treatment or who had prior cancer treatment.

Retevmo should only be reimbursed if prescribed by a clinician with expertise in the management of NSCLC and if the cost of Retevmo is reduced. Retevmo should not be given or reimbursed in combination with cancer treatment.
Ripretinib (Qinlock)
Authors: CADTH
Published: May 2022

CADTH recommends that Qinlock be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of adult patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) if certain conditions are met.

Qinlock should only be covered to treat adult patients with GIST that has spread beyond the initial tumour site (advanced disease) and whose tumours have progressed while on treatment with imatinib, sunitinib, and regorafenib (which belong to the same drug class as Qinlock), or who could not take these drugs due to side effects.

Qinlock should only be reimbursed if the drug is prescribed without any other anticancer drugs by a clinician with expertise in the treatment of GIST, and if the cost of Qinlock is reduced.
El rol de la familia en el aprendizaje de los niños de Educación Inicial
Authors: Zambrano  Vélez Wilson , Tomalá Chavarría Mónica Dolores
Published: May 2022

El rol de la familia es primordial en el proceso de aprendizaje de los niños de Educación Inicial, al ser la encargada de la primera educación ayuda a potenciar su seguridad, autoestima y desarrollo integral, esto mediante su involucramiento, intervención, participación y compromiso en la formación educativa. La investigación tiene como objetivo: Determinar el nivel de participación de la familia en las experiencias de aprendizaje de los niños de Educación Inicial por lo cual, se parte de un diseño de investigación cuantitativa de carácter descriptivo-exploratorio. La población estuvo constituida por los padres de familia de una Institución Educativa del cantón Santa Elena, provincia Santa Elena-Ecuador. Para la recolección de datos, se diseñó una encuesta semiestructurada con su respectiva escala de Likert que fue aplicada a los sujetos del estudio seleccionados. La confiabilidad del instrumento se la obtuvo en el programa estadístico SPSS mediante el Alpha de Cronbach. En los resultados obtenidos se evidenció la importancia que tiene el nivel de participación de los padres dentro del aprendizaje de los niños, en tiempos de pandemia, siendo fundamental para adquirir experiencias que aportan de manera positiva al desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas para la formación integral de los niños de Educación Inicial.
Gestión y manejo de residuos sólidos en establecimientos de salud - Caso: Red Asistencial EsSalud - Hospital II Tarapoto y Hospital Amazónico de Yarinacocha, Perú.
Authors: Morales Ramírez Mirko Juniors , Morote Mescua Jesús Alcibíades , Rengifo Gonzales Livinston
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar y comparar el nivel de aplicación de la NTS N° 096-MINSA/DIGESA V.01. “Norma técnica de salud de gestión y manejo de residuos sólidos en establecimientos de salud” en la Red Asistencial EsSalud - Hospital II Tarapoto y en el Hospital Amazónico de Yarinacocha, durante el periodo de 2 años consecutivos (2013 y 2014). El enfoque fue cualitativo, con un diseño descriptivo comparativo, teniendo como muestra intencional a los Directores (en calidad de Presidentes del Comité de gestión y manejo de residuos sólidos hospitalários), responsables de la Unidad de Saneamiento Ambiental y personal del manejo interno de residuos sólidos hospitalarios, de los citados establecimientos de salud. Entre los resultados se encontró que, el porcentaje (%) de incumplimiento de la NTS N° 096MINSA/DIGESA V.01 en la Red Asistencial ESSALUD - Hospital II Tarapoto es de 76,265% y en el Hospital Amazónico de Yarinacocha es de 77,275%. Por lo que se concluye que, en ambos establecimientos de salud existió una inadecuada gestión y manejo de los residuos sólidos hospitalarios.
Casos frecuentes, penalización y prevención de los delitos informáticos en el Ecuador: una breve revisión sistemática
Authors: Macías-Lara Richard Alejandro , Boné Andrade Miguel Fabricio , Quiñonez Angulo Francisco , Mendoza Loor José Javier , Estupiñan-Troya Giuseppe , Rodríguez Vizuete Jaime Darío
Published: May 2022

Los delitos informáticos a nivel internacional y nacional han aumentado de manera significativa durante y después de pandemia, tal es el caso que los reportes de los diarios, redes sociales y noticias televisivas del Ecuador mencionan que los casos más comunes de este tipo es la suplantación de identidad, falsificación de documentos, apropiación fraudulenta por medios electrónicos, acoso no consentido a un sistema informático, contacto con la finalidad sexual con menores, ataques a la integridad de sistemas informáticos, interceptación ilegal de datos, transferencia electrónica sin consentimiento y revelación ilegal de datos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal dar a conocer las técnicas que utilizan los ciberdelincuentes en el Ecuador, socializar la penalización y sugerencias para evitar ser víctima de este tipo de delitos. Para culminar con el proceso se empleó la metodología Estudio de Mapeo Sistemático (SMS), donde permitió iniciar con la definición de la búsqueda, luego con la ejecución de la búsqueda y finalizando con la discusión y resultados. Como resultados se generaron respuestas de las preguntas de investigación específica (PIs1, PIs2, PIs3, PIs4 y PIs5) teniendo éxito en la revisión sistemática. En conclusión, se sugiere al gobierno e instituciones públicas y privadas promover capacitaciones donde se socialicen los riesgos y tipos de delitos informáticos, reglamento que regula estos actos delictivos con relación a la tecnología y consejos para poder protegerse y estar a la vanguardia de los cibercriminales.
Cultura tributaria y el cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias de las MYPES del distrito de San José de Lourdes, 2021
Authors: Dávila Barboza Rosela María José , Pintado Calle Edsón Jhoan
Published: May 2022

El título de la investigación fue la Cultura tributaria y el cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias de las MYPES del distrito de San José de Lourdes, 2021 siendo el objetivo general identificar la relación entre las variables, para lo cual se usó la investigación de tipo básica, de diseño no experimental de alcance transversal, de enfoque cuantitativo y de nivel correlacional; siendo la población 67 empresarios y la muestra una fracción de la población que fueron 53; se halló que las variables cultura tributaria y cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias tienen un índice de relación de 0.711 siendo este alto por lo que se concluye que ambas variables están relacionadas y que si mejora la cultura tributaria mejorará el cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias.
La responsabilidad social en el clientelismo: ¿un paradigma de dominación?
Authors: Ullauri Betancourt Santiago Andrés , Villarreal Satama Freddy Lenin , Saint Romain Carlos Santos , Solá Gavela Doménica Esther , Sánchez Verduga Sami Gabriel
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo analizó la interacción de la responsabilidad social clientelar en la dominación del ser en sociedad, entendiendo a la responsabilidad social como la acción mancomunada para lograr felicidad entre las partes del aparataje económico, político y cultural. La responsabilidad social está enfocada en el paradigma del servicio y la dominación desde la teoría burocrática que plantea la eficacia, la eficiencia y la efectividad de la organización. Así mismo, el liderazgo con reglas permite asegurar que las acciones se enmarquen en parámetros de justificación y legitimidad, en condiciones de empatía entre las personas. La administración clientelar apunta a una burocracia que se articula en la autoridad y el servicio, donde norma la razón y la postura del cliente que son adheridas a la facultad de juzgar y distinguir lo verdadero de lo falso. Es decir que la razón, aspecto inherente del ser humano, genera diversidad de ideologías que se articulan entre sí. Estos pensamientos se apoyan en la filosofía moderna de la teoría burocrática weberiana y en la teoría del discurso del método de Descartes, para quien la búsqueda de la verdad del cliente es dominada por das posturas claves: la concatenación con las ciencias humanas y el servicio para la vida.
Desafíos de la educación virtual en la Unidad Educativa Fiscal Dr. Alberto Avellán Vite en el contexto de la pandemia del año lectivo 2020- 2021
Authors: Cordero Orellana Flor María , Palacios Marín Flor Magaly , Ávata Varas Myriam Estela , Ponce Tomalá Floresmila Cecibel
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los desafíos de la modalidad virtual de la Unidad Educativa Fiscal Dr. Avellán en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19 del año lectivo 2020. A partir de la encuesta realizada a los docentes del plantel se llegó al resultado de que el Estado no impartía suficientes capacitaciones con respecto a las TIC y a los recursos tecnológicos, y eso generó que los docentes no estuvieran preparados para dar clases de modo virtual, lo que limitó la aplicación de estrategias pedagógicas. También, la falta de acceso a recursos tecnológicos, por parte del estudiantado fue uno de los desafíos para la implementación de la educación virtual de calidad.
Le « principe de différence » : rationalité économique et applicabilité politique
Authors: GAMEL Claude
Published: May 2022

Dans le débat sur les inégalités, le « principe de différence » de Rawls condense des questionnements importants : distinction entre le naturel et le social dans l’origine des inégalités, définition d’un niveau d’inégalités acceptables, rôle des incitations économiques dans la création de valeur à redistribuer. Sa rationalité philosophico-économique comme son applicabilité politique et sociétale sont ici examinées.
Le contrat plutôt que la délibération : l’économie normative chez Robert Sugden
Authors: CRETTEZ Bertrand
Published: May 2022

Ce chapitre expose et critique la conception de l’économie normative de Robert Sugden telle qu’il la présente dans son ouvrage The community of advantage. Cette conception actualise l’approche contractuarienne de Buchanan en faisant une place à la rationalité limitée et propose un critère d'appréciation des politiques publiques. Selon ce critère, une politique publique est acceptable si elle accroît la taille de l’ensemble de choix des parties prenantes.
Choix préférentiel, action logique et éthique communicationnelle
Authors: MERCIER YTHIER Jean
Published: May 2022

Ce chapitre développe une analyse compréhensive du choix rationnel, entendu comme choix d’action délibéré qui satisfait au mieux les préférences de l’agent. On circonscrit, en premier lieu, un périmètre de pertinence phénoménologique du choix préférentiel rationnel. On montre, en second lieu, que les actions logiques constituent une variante forte du choix préférentiel rationnel. On soutient qu’elles définissent une norme de choix rationnel, à caractère prescriptif, dont on dégage un prolongement naturel pour l’action collective, sous la forme des normes d’action communicative du contrat social libéral.
Four-dimensional Variational Assimilation for SO2 Emission and its Application around the COVID-19 lockdown in the spring 2020 over China
Authors: Hu Yiwen , Zang Zengliang , Ma Xiaoyan , Li Yi , Liang Yanfei , You Wei , Pan Xiaobin , Li Zhijin
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Emission inventories are essential for modeling studies and pollution control, but traditional emission inventories have large uncertainties and are often not real-time because they are highly human resource demanding to develop. In this study, a four-dimensional variational assimilation (4DVAR) system was developed to optimize sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions by assimilating hourly SO2 concentrations. An observation system simulation experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of the system. This evaluation indicates that the 4DVAR system can effectively reduce the uncertainty in SO2 emissions at a regional level. The 4DVAR system was then applied to optimize SO2 emissions during the early period of COVID-19 (from January 17 to February 6, 2020), and the reduction in SO2 emissions was assessed in comparison with the 2016 inventory. The hourly surface SO2 observations were assimilated. The results show that the emissions in 2020 decreased by 18.0 % compared with those in 2019, indicating a significant decrease between 2019 and 2020 due to the COVID-19 related lockdown. Three forecast experiments were conducted using emissions in 2016, 2019, and 2020 to demonstrate the effects of optimized emissions. The root mean square error in 2020 decreased by 47.9 % and the correlation coefficient increased by 300.0 % compared with 2016 emissions. This suggests that the 4DVAR system can effectively optimize emissions to describe the actual change in SO2 emissions during special events and improve the forecast skill.
An investigation into the chemistry of HONO in the marine boundary layer at Tudor Hill Marine Atmospheric Observatory in Bermuda
Authors: Zhu Yuting , Wang Youfeng , Zhou Xianliang , Elshorbany Yasin F. , Ye Chunxiang , Hayden Matthew , Peters Andrew J.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Here we present measurement results of temporal distributions of nitrous acid (HONO) along with several chemical and meteorological
parameters during the spring and the late summer of 2019 at Tudor Hill Marine Atmospheric Observatory in Bermuda. Large temporal variations in
HONO concentration were controlled by several factors including local pollutant emissions, air mass interaction with the island, and
long-range atmospheric transport of HONO precursors. In polluted plumes emitted from local traffic, power plant, and cruise ship emissions,
HONO and nitrogen oxides (NOx) existed at substantial levels (up to 278 pptv and 48 ppbv, respectively),
and NOx-related reactions played dominant roles in daytime formation of HONO. The lowest concentration of HONO was
observed in marine air, with median concentrations at ∼ 3 pptv around solar noon and < 1 pptv during the
nighttime. Considerably higher levels of HONO were observed during the day in the low-NOx island-influenced air
([NO2] < 1 ppbv), with a median HONO concentration of ∼ 17 pptv. HONO mixing ratios exhibited
distinct diurnal cycles that peaked around solar noon and were lowest before sunrise, indicating the importance of photochemical processes for
HONO formation. In clean marine air, NOx-related reactions contribute to ∼ 21 % of the daytime HONO
source, and the photolysis of particulate nitrate (pNO3) can account for the missing source assuming a moderate enhancement factor
of 29 relative to gaseous nitric acid photolysis. In low-NOx island-influenced air, the contribution from both
NOx-related reactions and pNO3 photolysis accounts for only ∼ 48 % of the daytime HONO
production, and the photochemical processes on surfaces of the island, such as the photolysis of nitric acid on the forest canopy, might contribute
significantly to the daytime HONO production. The concentrations of HONO, NOx, and pNO3 were lower
when the site was dominated by the aged marine air in the summer and were higher when the site was dominated by North American air in the spring,
reflecting the effects of long-range transport on the reactive nitrogen chemistry in background marine environments.
Regional, multi-decadal analysis on the Loire River basin reveals that stream temperature increases faster than air temperature
Authors: Seyedhashemi Hanieh , Vidal Jean-Philippe , Diamond Jacob S. , Thiéry Dominique , Monteil Céline , Hendrickx Frédéric , Maire Anthony , Moatar Florentina
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Stream temperature appears to be increasing globally, but its rate remains poorly constrained due to a paucity of long-term data and difficulty in parsing effects of hydroclimate and landscape variability. Here, we address these issues using the physically based thermal model T-NET (Temperature-NETwork) coupled with the EROS semi-distributed hydrological model to reconstruct past daily stream temperature and streamflow at the scale of the entire Loire River basin in France (105 km2 with 52 278 reaches). Stream temperature increased for almost all reaches in all seasons (mean =+0.38 ∘C decade−1) over the 1963–2019 period. Increases were greatest in spring and summer, with a median increase of + 0.38 ∘C (range =+0.11 to +0.76 ∘C) and +0.44 ∘C (+0.08 to +1.02 ∘C) per decade, respectively. Rates of stream temperature increases were greater than for air temperature across seasons for the majority of reaches. Spring and summer increases were typically greatest in the southern part of the Loire basin (up to +1 ∘C decade−1) and in the largest rivers (Strahler order ≥5). Importantly, air temperature and streamflow could exert a joint influence on stream temperature trends, where the greatest stream temperature increases were accompanied by similar trends in air temperature (up to +0.71 ∘C decade−1) and the greatest decreases in streamflow (up to −16  % decade−1). Indeed, for the majority of reaches, positive stream temperature anomalies exhibited synchrony with positive anomalies in air temperature and negative anomalies in streamflow, highlighting the dual control exerted by these hydroclimatic drivers. Moreover, spring and summer stream temperature, air temperature, and streamflow time series exhibited common change points occurring in the late 1980s, suggesting a temporal coherence between changes in the hydroclimatic drivers and a rapid stream temperature response. Critically, riparian vegetation shading mitigated stream temperature increases by up to 0.16 ∘C decade−1 in smaller streams (i.e. < 30 km from the source). Our results provide strong support for basin-wide increases in stream temperature due to joint effects of rising air temperature and reduced streamflow. We suggest that some of these climate change-induced effects can be mitigated through the restoration and maintenance of riparian forests.
COOPERATIVE IMAGE ORIENTATION CONSIDERING DYNAMIC OBJECTS
Authors: Trusheim P. , Mehltretter M. , Rottensteiner F. , Heipke C.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. In the context of image orientation, it is commonly assumed that the environment is completely static. This is why dynamic elements are typically filtered out using robust estimation procedures. Especially in urban areas, however, many such dynamic elements are present in the environment, which leads to a noticeable amount of errors that have to be detected via robust adjustment. This problem is even more evident in the case of cooperative image orientation using dynamic objects as ground control points (GCPs), because such dynamic objects carry the relevant information. One way to deal with this challenge is to detect these dynamic objects prior to the adjustment and to process the related image points separately. To do so, a novel methodology to distinguish dynamic and static image points in stereoscopic image sequences is introduced in this paper, using a neural network for the detection of potentially dynamic objects and additional checks via forward intersection. To investigate the effects of the consideration of dynamic points in the adjustment, an image sequence of an inner-city traffic scenario is used; image orientation, as well as the 3D coordinates of tie points, are calculated via a robust bundle adjustment. It is shown that compared to a solution without considering dynamic points, errors in the tie points are significantly reduced, while the median of the precision of all 3D coordinates of the tie points is improved.
Usefulness of serum D-dimer and platelet count to mean platelet volume ratio to rule out chronic periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Muñoz-Mahamud Ernesto , Tornero Eduard , Estrada José A. , Fernández-Valencia Jenaro A. , Martínez-Pastor Juan C. , Soriano Álex
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Background: Diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is challenging and usually
requires the evaluation of several biomarkers. Our main aim was to evaluate
the usefulness of D-dimer levels as well as the platelet count (PC) to mean
platelet volume (MPV) ratio serum as biomarkers to rule out chronic knee and
hip infection.
Methods:
The study enrolled a prospective cohort of 93 patients undergoing hip or
knee revision. D-dimer values, PC to MPV ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP) and
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were preoperatively determined and
evaluated as a predictor of PJI. The definitive diagnosis of PJI was
established according to the 2018 International Consensus Meeting criteria.
Results:
A total of 24 (25.8 %) cases were postoperatively diagnosed with PJI. The median
D-dimer value was significantly higher (p < 0.001) for patients with
PJI (1950 ng mL−1) than for patients with aseptic failure (700 ng mL−1). The
area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for D-dimer, CRP and
ESR was 0.820, 0.793 and 0.791 respectively. D-dimer ≥ 950 ng mL−1
(91 % sensitivity, 64 % specificity), CRP ≥ 1.95 mg dL−1 (61 %
sensitivity, 90 % specificity) and ESR > 20 (74 %
sensitivity, 82 % specificity) were identified as the values with the best balance between sensitivity and specificity. The mean PC to MPV ratio was
37.0 for PJI patients and 29.8 for patients in the aseptic revision cohort
(p=0.067).
Conclusions:
Serum D-dimer levels appear very unlikely to remain normal in the presence
of chronic PJI. The 91 % sensitivity when considering 950 ng mL−1 as the
threshold highlights D-dimer as the most accurate initial test to rule out
chronic PJI. Conversely, the PC to MPV ratio may be of limited value
for accurately diagnosing PJI.
La idea del mal historiador en la temprana modernidad (1530-1651)
Authors: Esteve Mestre Cesc
Published: May 2022

Mi propósito es examinar la reescritura de los tópicos sobre los vicios y errores del mal historiador en el discurso teórico hispánico de los siglos XVI y XVII para explicar cómo se definieron, clasificaron y jerarquizaron las faltas de la profesión. Quisiera, con ello, trazar la evolución de esta crítica en un corpus representativo de tratados de doctrina histórica del tardorenacimiento y de la edad de la Contrarreforma y poner en evidencia que los tópicos clásicos sobre el error historiográfico se reescribieron y actualizaron a la luz de las condiciones en que se desarrolló la disciplina en la monarquía hispánica y en la Europa de la temprana modernidad.
“Los abades han salido con la suya”: la disputa por los diezmos en el Estado de Capilla durante la Edad Moderna.
Authors: Alonso Prieto Ángel Luis
Published: May 2022

La disputa entre los duques de Béjar, el Arzobispado de Toledo y los clérigos del Estado de Capilla por la percepción de los diezmos y el derecho a nombrar los párrocos y asignarles el salario, discurrió a lo largo de un siglo y medio, resolviéndose fundamentalmente en la Rota romana con distintas alternativas. Incardinado en este largo proceso, el motín de Capilla en mayo de 1629, cuyo pretexto fue la celebración de unas fiestas de toros, constituyó un grave desafío a la autoridad de los duques, y en él participó una parte importante de la villa. Fue organizado y protagonizado por los clérigos, que unieron sus fuerzas con las de los dirigentes del cabildo de la villa. Este hecho demuestra que la intervención del estamento eclesiástico en los conflictos sociales de la Edad Moderna castellana, no siempre fue la de moderador del conflicto.
Educação de jovens e adultos e a educação popular: contribuições para formação docente
Authors: dos Santos Paulo Fernanda
Published: May 2022

Educação de jovens e adultos e a educação popular: contribuições para formação docente
Perceptions of Female Nurses about Male Nurses: A Qualitative Study
Authors: AKBAŞ Meltem , KÖSE TOSUNÖZ İpek , ÖZTUNÇ Gürsel
Published: May 2022

Aim: This study aims to identify the perceptions of female nurses concerning male nurses.
Methods: This study utilized a qualitative design. The participants were 12 female nurses who worked at a university hospital. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted face-to-face. Data were analyzed using content analysis methods.
Results: All the participants were found to have positive perceptions concerning male nurses’ performing the nursing profession. The reasons for their positive perceptions were grouped under the “advantages for the profession”, “physical characteristics”, and “gender” themes. All the participants thought that male nurses made positive contributions to the profession, which were identified as the “scientific” and “individual” sub-themes. Male nurses were found to have positive and negative effects on society and social gender roles.
Conclusion: It was found that female nurses had positive perceptions concerning male nurses and thought that male nurses could make positive contributions to the profession. It is recommended to continue to educate females and males as nurses in nursing schools. This way, it could be possible to help nursing profession members to collaborate, establish good communication, work with members of the profession from different genders, and increase patient rights to an ideal level.
FARKLI DEPOLAMA KOŞULLARINDA TUTULAN BAZI VETERİNER HEKİMLİĞİ PREPARATLARINDA A VE E VİTAMİNLERİNİN DÜZEYLERİ
Authors: BİLGİLİ Ali , ALAÇIK Onur
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışma, veteriner hekimler tarafından yaygın şekilde kullanılan, farklı koşullarda saklanan A ve E vitaminlerinin benzer kombinasyonlarına sahip olan preparatlarda vitamin A ve E düzeylerinin değişikliklerini araştırmayı amaçladı. Kapağı açılan ve açılmayan preparatlar 25 °C’de karanlık ve aydınlıkta ve 4 °C’de karanlıkta tutuldu. Vitamin A ve E düzeyleri 0, 7, 14, 28 ve 56. günlerde analiz edildi. Mevcut US Farmakope’si tarafından modifiye ve doğrulanmış bir metot vitaminlerin analizleri için kullanıldı. Kapağı açılan ve açılmayan şişelerde A ve E vitaminlerinin zamana göre değişme oranları üzerine 25 °C’de karanlık ve aydınlığın ve 4 °C’de karanlığın etkisinin vitamin E için yüksek olduğu ve vitamin A için düşük olduğu bulundu. Ayrıca kapağı açılan preparatlarda vitamin A ve E’nin zamana göre değişme oranları 25 °C’de tutmaya göre 4 °C’de daha yüksekti. Kapağı açılmayan preparatlarda vitamin A ve E düzeyleri büyük ölçüde korundu. Farklı firmalardan temin edilen preparatların ilk kullanımını takiben ışık maruziyeti olmadan ve oda sıcaklığında şişeleri kutularda tutmanın uygun depolama koşulları olacağı sonucuna varıldı.
The Work-Home Border Accounting System: A Function of Psychological Detachment
Authors: Eniola Olawunmi Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 transformed work arrangements by increasing the adoption of the work-from-home format. Work-from-home employees are susceptible to continuous job stressors and the permeability of the work-to-home border. Psychological detachment serves as the pathway to recovery from job stressors and for preventing the carryover of work thoughts into the home domain during non-work time. Therefore, this review presents theoretical and practical implications for work-to-home border management by integrating literature about psychological detachment and work-from-home. Work-home border accounting involves examining and minimizing conditions that inhibit psychological detachment, e.g., ICTs demand, overtime, telepressure, interruptions, etc., which are withdrawals from employees' energy or resource accounts, while facilitating psychological detachment through deposits which are non-work activities such as leisure, social support, exercises, etc. This article proposes the work-home border accounting system for managing the work-to-home border. The review suggests the resources employees accumulate through psychological detachment, e.g., wellbeing, life satisfaction, and work-life balance, and the deficits employees accrue if there is a shortfall of deposits required for psychological detachment, e.g., stress, low productivity, work-family conflict, etc. Hence, this article provides a coherent understanding of the processes necessary for psychological detachment during work-from-home.
Rising food insecurity and the impacts of the COVID pandemic on emergency food assistance in Michigan
Authors: Taylor Dorceta , Wright Te'Yah , Ortiz Ian , Surdoval Alison , McCoy Ember , Daupan Sorroco
Published: May 2022

This study of eight types of emergency food assis­tance organizations in Michigan, USA, is the first statewide study of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impacts on the operations of these organizations. It focuses on the following question: How did the pandemic affect the operations of emergency food assistance organizations? The paper examines how the race/ethnicity of the organization’s director was related to program activities, the pandemic’s impacts, and responses to the pandemic. It offers new insights into emergency food assistance organ­izations operated by Black and multicultural direc­tors. The article examines how the sex of the emer­gency food assistance directors is related to pro­gramming, the pandemic’s impacts, and responses to it. Most studies of emergency food assistance focus on urban areas. In addition to studying organizations in the state’s metropolitan areas, we also study organizations in small towns and rural areas. The paper also analyzes two additional ques­tions: How did the government support the state’s emergency food assistance organizations during the pandemic? And how do organization leaders per­ceive government responses to the pandemic? The sample consists of 181 emergency food assistance organizations. Whites directed most organizations; 82.9% had a primary director who was White, 11% had Black directors, and 6.1% had directors from other racial/ethnic groups. The organizations studied are long-lived; they have been operating for a mean of 20.8 years. The organizations serve meals to an average of 79 peo­ple per day. They also provide food items to roughly 185 people daily. The pandemic had profound effects on the operations of emergency food assistance organiza­tions. About 28% of the organizations indicated that they cut back on their programming, and just over a fifth of the organizations limited their oper­ating hours. Moreover, 23% of the organizations reported that the number of restaurants donating food declined, while 18% percent reported a decline in supermarket food donations. However, 58.9% of the organizations increased the amount of food they distributed, and 61.3% reported an increase in the number of people seeking food from the organization. During the pandemic, White-run organizations obtained government funding from 19 sources, multicultural-led organi­zations got government support from 10 sources, and Black-run organizations received support from three sources. Forty percent of directors in all-Black-run organizations, 23.5% of those in multira­cial-led organizations, and 22.6% of the directors in all-White-led organizations criticized government responses to the pandemic.
資料探勘技術探討後勤能量委外建模—以武器裝備維持案為例
Authors: 方玉龍 方玉龍 , 郭晴龍 郭晴龍
Published: May 2022

國軍「後勤事務委外」的方式，可運用民間已具備既有產能，並藉由廠商整合相關物流通路，而促使軍種減少後續的投資與浪費，達成檢討相關事務委外及軍品釋商等綿密規劃作為，而更能專注於建軍備戰本務工作，同時撙節國防預算支出，提升效益，使後勤能量委外之高效益目標達到，提供策進。

本研究動機以後勤委外承辦業務（含軍士官及文職人員）的觀點來訂定衡量項目，運用因素分析歸納出主要因子，藉由資料探勘之類神經網路分群模式方法，就「後勤能量委外建模」探討，以建立類神經網路分類模式，循武器裝備維持案涉及變數分析，可提供改善策略方向，達到有限資源挹注。研究結果顯示，類神經網路的分群模式正確率和預測的精準度均較佳，顯示類神經網路有較佳的分群效果，可提供業管單位參考。

依據分析結果而言，後續於推動後勤事務委外推估時，可以瞭解不同分群類別需要改善方向及投入重點，以研擬具體建議與改善策進方向，提供管理階層及主管機關擬訂相關措施之參考，對於提升後勤委外推估具有相當程度的精確性。

 
維持關聯性─戰略後勤創新再定位
Authors: 劉宗翰 劉宗翰
Published: May 2022

軍事後勤若想在未來與作戰領域維持關聯性，就須制訂一套戰略創新計畫，俾利解決其缺少跨領域整合的問題，本文提出協同服務與創新的解決法用來連結不同的問題領域，而這種解決法強調軍事後勤組織的重要性永遠是結合在一起，統整不同構想發展的方法，以加速新的作戰與後勤構想共同發展，符合新一代戰爭型態。

為了打破在戰略政軍、軍事作戰、後勤、科技領域中的各行其是，本文提出四項介入作法：發展「不定構想」、構想融合、精簡試驗周期並運用共同互賴方式、探討跨領域的機會與風險，俾利與作戰領域維持密切互動與關聯性，該作法可資國軍效法。

戰略後勤創新的成功，才能與未來作戰領域保持密切互動，發揮作戰加乘因子，軍事後勤組織當前要務是發展制度性架構、升級工作人力及加速自身的數位轉型，唯有持續不斷精進，才能真正擁抱戰略後勤創新，國軍應將此種思維與作法納入後勤轉型之參考。

 
後勤支援能量培訓─專業士兵訓練及作戰後勤現代化態勢
Authors: 朱凱麟 朱凱麟
Published: May 2022

「戰爭的工具，只有知道如何使用才有價值」，新銳尖端武器系統愈趨複雜的今日，單位與野戰級專業後勤人員之訓練工作，則日益具有挑戰性，運用科技與技術提升訓練效率，並且專注於所需目標，強化因材施教之個別化訓練，是提高新職專長訓練成效，以及擴展在職訓練深度之現代方針。

美陸軍運用科學與技術已逐步完成現代化優先事項整合，建構關鍵面向之作戰後勤支援實務，並設定里程碑檢核點，審視目標戰力是否已然準備就緒，以應對未來這些一觸即發的多領域作戰，其中分布式交互學習即是為了提升作戰與後勤人員準備就緒程度，其效率也是尚未與時俱進又千篇一律的訓練內容所無法達成的。

國軍教戰總則揭櫫：研究發展乃軍隊進步之動力；當前科技強軍與自主國防時代潮流，我陸軍如若善用技術，輔助實作訓練及專業技術培訓，將能快速培養後勤專業人員所需之知識、技能以及作戰後勤支援行動模式，有效支援現代化整體作戰後勤維持目標。

 
Measuring the Effects of Adversity Quotient, Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction on Special School Teachers’ Organizational Commitment
Authors: Virgana Virgana , Suendarti Mamik , Lapasau Merry , Hasbullah Hasbullah
Published: May 2022

High teacher commitment affects the maximum achievement of schools’ teaching and learning process. In this premise, this study aims to specify the direct and indirect effects of adversity quotient, organizational culture, and job satisfaction on teachers’ organizational commitment in state special schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. A quantitative research approach survey with data analysis using path analysis with the Smart Partial Least Square. Using qualified data r > 0.70 continued for analysis, the results showed a direct effect of adversity quotient and organizational culture on job satisfaction; adversity quotient, organizational culture, and job satisfaction on teachers’ organizational commitment. Furthermore, there was an indirect effect of adversity quotient and organizational culture through job satisfaction on teachers’ organizational commitment. Based on the findings, increasing adversity quotient, culture, and job satisfaction in organization will also increase special school teachers’ organizational commitment. The research findings recommends the government that recruiting new teachers should be equipped with an employment contract as a starting point of increasing job satisfaction.
Limb amputation of an infant with transposition of great arteries using spinal anesthesia
Authors: G. Al-Talabani Blind , Kareem Twana , Hasan Seerwan , Rasheed Jwan
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Spinal and caudal anesthesia are useful anesthetic techniques for infants compared to general anesthesia. In case of infants lumbar puncture can be safely performed at or just below the intercristal line. Due to the presence of loose fatty tissues in the caudal extradural space, it becomes safe and easy to insert a cannula enabling easy cranial spread of local anesthetic drugs. Increased production and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in infants lead to administration of higher doses of local anesthetics. However, this spinal and caudal anesthesia has lesser risk of post-operative apnea in infants compared to general anesthesia.

Case Report: A three-month-old male infant, whose body weight was seven and half kilograms, was afflicted with ischemia which extended to half of his right leg. There was gangrene on his right big toe as well. These developments occurred after cardiac catheterization was implemented through right femoral vein cannulation. Due to high-risk of transposition of great arteries in general anesthesia, the surgeons finalized under spinal anesthesia in order to bypass the infected respiratory system, prevent aspiration because of full stomach, and to get better postoperative analgesia.

Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia is an alternative option to general anesthesia in high risk patients owing to its safety. However, in case of spinal complications or failure of spinal anesthesia, the anesthetist should always get ready with the high risk general anesthesia.
Implementation of new protocol for pain management following cardiac surgery
Authors: Milan Zoka , Rene Gomes Amy , R. Borrelli Mimi , R. Borrelli Mimi , Kunst Gudran , Katyayni K
Published: May 2022

Aims: We assessed the implementation and effectiveness of an updated protocol designed to improve pain management in cardiac surgery patients. The new updated protocol was recommended systemic pain assessment every four hours unless patients were unstable, using the numerical rating score (NRS) after the endotracheal extubation. Our secondary aim was to analyze the factors predicting patients’ postoperative pain to guide development of future pain management protocols.

Methods: Fifty patients undergoing cardiac surgery with median sternotomy were evaluated in this audit. Perioperative details and details regarding analgesic administration were collected. High-risk patients were classified as ones with a history of substance misuse, chronic pain, and preoperative opioid use. Pain was measured at rest, on coughing and on moving, for the first three postoperative days (POD), using 11-point NRS (0–10). Pain was considered “unacceptable” if it was NRS ≥4 at rest, and NRS ≥8 on activity. A univariate and multivariate mixed model linear regression was used to investigate factors that may contribute to pain following cardiac surgery.

Results: On POD1 38% of patients reported unacceptable pain at rest, and 27% reported unacceptable pain on coughing or moving. There was limited implementation of the new protocol, thus we cannot comment on the effectiveness of the updated protocol. Multivariate analysis demonstrated an overall significant interaction effect between postoperative day and risk (p = 0.032). It was found that high-risk patients reported pain to be greater than pain reported by low-risk patients on POD3 (2.14, CI −0.32 to 4.26, p = 0.054). Use of preoperative gabapentin did not affect pain at rest nor pain on coughing or moving (p > 0.5).

Conclusion: The new pain protocol was not followed in the majority of patient cases. Preoperatively, only 25 (56%) patients received gabapentin. No patients received patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) postoperatively. Seven (15%) patients identified as high risk received no differential pharmacological management contrary to the updated protocol. It is believed that e-mail is not sufficient to implement a new protocol such as this, thus resulting in protocol implementation failure. However, it was found that postoperative pain differed between high-and low-risk patients, especially at rest. This indicates that risk assessment and individualized pain protocols are important to optimize postoperative pain management following cardiac surgery. We have discussed the efforts required to improve future protocol implementation and pain management across disciplines.