bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formação e trabalho docente por meio do programa institucional de bolsas de iniciação à docência
Authors: Marcatto Flávia Sueli Fabiani , Cardoso Nilson de Souza , Mendonça Sueli Guadelupe de Lima
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo, destacamos características de formação e trabalho docente, no contexto do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), que importam no processo de qualificação da formação de professores e que ocorre no âmbito dos cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática, a partir de pesquisa qualitativa apoiada pela análise textual discursiva de produções, 26 teses e dissertações. As características do Pibid não resumem em apenas contribuir para a permanência do aluno no curso de Licenciatura, mas também propõe um cenário investigativo e pode propiciar o aumento do interesse pela área de ensino, assim como transformações das práticas, problematizando o seu próprio conhecimento e o conhecimento da prática de outros. Não se trata de uma investigação direcionada apenas para descobertas, mas também para uma postura crítica diante do contexto no qual está inserido. Ao bolsista de iniciação à docência é permitido, portanto problematizar o contexto e considerar os conhecimentos produzidos na academia e os produzidos na escola em primeiro plano. O Pibid é uma política educacional, que tem potencial para melhorar o ensino e a aprendizagem, conduz para um processo investigativo e consequentemente se torna uma educação para a democracia.
O lúdico como recurso didático para o ensino de frações no 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Silva Deisy Gabrielly Trajano da , Oliveira Iran Rodrigues de , Silva José Vieira da , Oliveira Daniely Maria de , Magalhães Hortência Luma Fernandes , Lima Elisiane Santana de , Lima Wanderson Magno Paiva Barbosa de , Lima Antonio Gilson Barbosa de
Published: November 2020

O ensino da matemática na educação fundamental é um desafio para docentes e pesquisadores.  Para superar essas barreiras técnicas metodológicas o lúdico tem sido utilizado. O lúdico está associado a dança, a música e ao jogar, consiste em um mecanismo poderoso para aumentar o interesse dos alunos por alguma disciplina ou conteúdo. Essa metodologia torna o aprendizado mais divertido e interessante, possibilitando o ensino do conteúdo de uma maneira leve. Devido a sua importância, este trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar o lúdico como ferramenta no auxílio do ensino de frações. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma Escola Municipal, com 30 alunos da turma do 6º ano, sendo 13 do sexo masculino e 17 do sexo feminino. Foi feito uma análise da temática, através de um questionário, a aplicação do jogo e uma avaliação no final das atividades. Verificou-se que, com a inserção dos jogos nas aulas, elas se tornaram mais dinâmica e prazerosa, promovendo uma maior interação entre os alunos/material-manipulável/professor, que contribuiu para uma melhora na aprendizagem do conteúdo de frações.
Sarampo no Brasil: mais de 36 mil casos de sarampo notificados desde 2018
Authors: Garbin Angelo Gabriel , Cruz Nadieli Dutra da , Soeiro Allana Ganze , Bernardo Estela de Oliveira , Jahn Alice do Carmo , Zancan Sabrina
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo trata-se de um estudo temporal, quantitativo e descritivo dos casos de sarampo notificados no Brasil, de 2013 ao primeiro semestre de 2020, baseado nos dados disponíveis nos Boletins Epidemiológicos publicados no site do Ministério da Saúde. Neste estudo descreveu-se o número de notificações registradas no período e analisaram-se as regiões e estados com mais casos da doença. Encontrou-se que, nos últimos 7 anos, 38115 casos de sarampo foram notificados no Brasil, sendo que aproximadamente 96,6% foram registrados nos anos de 2018, 2019 e no primeiro semestre de 2020. Apesar das Regiões Norte e Sudeste terem sido, historicamente, mais propícias a disseminação da doença, pelo alto fluxo de migrantes e turistas, não parece ser previsível o próximo estado ou cidade que terá um surto de sarampo, visto que as taxas de cobertura vacinal podem estar baixas em todo o Brasil, influenciadas pelas campanhas anti-vacinas. Desta forma, todas as cidades brasileiras encontram-se suscetíveis a um surto de sarampo, basta que o vírus ingresse na população.
O câncer de próstata na atenção primária: estratégias de mitigação através da educação em saúde
Authors: Silva Jéssica Maria Lins da , Leal Alessandra Conceição , Anjos Raiane Bacelar dos , Cunha Amanda Guimarães , Rocha Samily Guimarães , Lima Chrisla Brena Malheiro , Tavares Iasmim Ianne Sousa , Matos Alinne Larissa de Almeida , Anjos João Paulo Nascimento dos , Matos Daheny Coelho , Couto Suellen do Socorro Teixeira , Silva Letícia Camargo da , Campos Mariana Isackson , Santos Ana Carolina Santos dos , Costa Jessica Rayane de Miranda
Published: November 2020

O câncer de próstata desponta como um dos mais fatais para o público masculino, podendo interferir significativamente na sua qualidade de vida quando não diagnosticado previamente, sendo muitas vezes letal, o que enfatiza a importância de se trabalhar a temática dentro da rede de saúde. Esse trabalho objetivou relatar uma ação de educação em saúde vivenciada por enfermeiros e acadêmicos de enfermagem acerca da sensibilização do público masculino sobre a prevenção ao câncer de próstata, através de uma ação educativa alusiva ao novembro azul em uma unidade básica periférica no município de Belém-PA. Este estudo qualifica-se como descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, embasado no arco de Charles Maguerez. A partir dos principais resultados alcançados com a concretização das intervenções propostas, observou-se que a ação educativa desempenhou um papel relevante na vida dos participantes, uma vez que serviu como mecanismo consolidador dos princípios da saúde, promovendo uma autogestão eficaz da saúde e o empoderamento do público-alvo acerca dos principais aspectos que permeiam o câncer de próstata.
Parâmetros genéticos, correlações e componentes principais para caracteres agronômicos em genótipos de feijoeiro comum do grupo carioca
Authors: Arevalo Ana Caroline Mello , Cardoso Deisy Lúcia , Kraeski Marcos Jefferson , Santana Dthenifer Cordeiro , Arguelho Stefanie Braga Duarte
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos e as correlações em linhagens e cultivares de feijoeiro comum, além de caracterizar estes genótipos por seus componentes agronômicos por meio da análise de componentes principais. O ensaio foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, com 22 genótipos de feijão comum em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Com o uso de sete caracteres agronômicos relacionados a produtividade. Os genótipos apresentaram ampla variabilidade para praticamente todos os caracteres avaliados, sendo que a variação fenotípica observada ocorreu em função da variância genotípica. Quando os tratamentos são fixos, a herdabilidade é denominada coeficiente de determinação genotípica (R2), este parâmetro variou de 53,24% a 84,51%. Os caracteres MCG e ALP mostraram-se promissores para seleção, uma vez que apresentaram os maiores valores de R2, e também, apresentaram o quociente b maior que a unidade. Altas correlações genotípicas significativas foram encontradas entre ALPxAIV (0,63). Os resultados da análise dos componentes principais (ACP) indicam a forte relação entres as variáveis agronômicas e os genótipos. Na ACP as linhagens CNFC 16548, CNFC 16566 e CNFC 16484 se destacaram para PROD, NVP e NR.
Saúde do solo de um Planossolo sob sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta através de análise multivariada
Authors: Silva Pedro Luan Ferreira da , Oliveira Flávio Pereira de , Martins Adriana Ferreira , Pereira Walter Esfrain , Tavares Danillo Dutra , Amaral André Julio do , Silva Alison José da
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a saúde de um solo sob sistema de integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta através da análise multivariada dos atributos físicos, químicos e físico-hídricos do solo. O experimento foi implantado em um Planossolo Háplico de textura franco-arenosa no município de Alagoinha/PB, sob os seguintes consórcios em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados: i) Br. decumbens + Gliricidia sepium (BG); ii) Br. decumbens + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (BS); iii) Br. decumbens + Tabebuia alba (BI); iv) Br. decumbens + Zea mays (LA); v) Brachiaria decumbens (BD). Amostras (indeformadas e deformadas) de solo foram coletadas para avaliar propriedades físicas, físico-hídricas e químicas do solo nas camadas de 0,0-0,1; 0,1-0,2 e 0,2-0,3 m. As médias foram analisadas através da análise de componentes principais e correlação de Pearson (p<0,05). Os resultados indicaram que o Lavoura anual conseguiu agrupar o maior número de propriedades relacionadas à qualidade estrutural do solo. A densidade do solo apresentou correlações positivas e negativas com a maioria das propriedades físicas analisadas. Em relação as propriedades químicas, detectou-se maior agrupamento nos sistemas LA e BG na camada de 0-0,1 cm. Conclui-se que a análise multivariada é uma opção viável para avaliação da saúde do solo, por agrupar o maior número de propriedades possíveis dentro do sistema de manejo mais predominante.
Teleatendimento médico em ambulatório-escola durante a quarentena em Teresina-PI
Authors: Rocha Larissa Fabiane de Jesus , Barros Sara Bandeira Cardoso , Mendes Cintia Maria de Melo , Carvalho Carlos Gilvan Nunes de
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: analisar o teleatendimento médico realizado em um ambulatório-escola de Teresina-PI durante a quarentena. Metodologia:estudo transversal e retrospectivo, baseado em teleconsultas realizadas entre 18 de maio e 18 de julho de 2020 no hospital-escola do Centro Universitário UNINOVAFAPI. A coleta de informações foi feita por meio de relatórios emitidos, via administração, do sistema de prontuários. Variáveis analisadas: sexo; idade; estado civil; município de residência e especialidade. Resultados: foram realizados 171 atendimentos, sendo 121 pacientes do sexo feminino e 50 do sexo masculino. Do total, 37% tinham acima de 60 anos e 45% eram casados. Teresina teve maior quantidade de pacientes atendidos e, das especialidades ofertadas, endocrinologia representou a maior porcentagem das consultas realizadas. Conclusão: A análise corroborou com o aumento da prática da telemedicina durante a pandemia, permitindo assistência de saúde à população. Entretanto, deve-se levar em consideração algumas desvantagens para a evolução dessa modalidade de atendimento e para torná-la mais universal.
Tecnologias virtuais utilizadas para a construção do ensino e aprendizagem na área da saúde
Authors: Gonçalves Gabriel Coutinho , Almeida Dennys Ramon de Melo Fernandes , Arruda Filho José Jamildo de , Pinheiro Juliana Campos , Medeiros Anne Caroline Araújo , Carvalho Débora Rocha , Lima Carlos Augusto de Souza , Gomes Davson Hugo da Silva , França Glória Maria de , Lima Jabes Gennedyr da Cruz , Barbosa Danielle do Nascimento , Lira Abimael Esdras Carvalho de Moura , Mendonça Tiago Santana , Santos Kathleen Michelle De Jesus , Silva Amanda Feitoza da , Moura Ana Paula Gomes e , Bastos Leite Rafaella
Published: November 2020

A tecnologia é o conjunto de conhecimentos e princípios científicos que se aplicam ao planejamento, à construção e a utilização de um equipamento que permite uma interação do usuário com um programa educacional contribuindo na aprendizagem. O objetivo do presente estudo é abordar através de uma revisão da literatura os aspectos atuais do uso das tecnologias virtuais na construção do ensino e aprendizagem na área da saúde. O computador é uma ferramenta que promove a interação, proporciona aos alunos momentos de concentração em uma tarefa, e por estarem totalmente envolvidos, os alunos têm prazer no que estão fazendo e desenvolvem o processo educacional para o aprendizado. O uso crescente da tecnologia está permitindo a população ao acesso de serviços e dados, independente de sua localização física. O ensino-aprendizado está sempre em desenvolvimento, principalmente com as mudanças na globalização, através da criação de novas invenções tecnológicas que contribuem para o aprendizado na prática odontológica. A educação está ligada a tecnologia, sendo de fundamental importância o conhecimento e manuseio dos recursos tecnológicos, para o processo de desenvolvimento do conhecimento, ensino e aprendizagem.
Genetic bases related to the development of non-syndromic dental agenesis: a literature review
Authors: Silva Iago Demétrio da , Luiz Caio Cesar Santos Patron , Bachesk Andressa Bolognesi , Balassa Brenda da Silva
Published: November 2020

Non-syndromic dental agenesis is characterized as the most common developmental anomaly in humans, causing the lack of one or more teeth, in deciduous or permanent dentition. Mutations in specific genes of dental development are pointed as etiological factors of this anomaly. To perform this work, two electronic databases were consulted to conduct a literature survey, including PubMed and BVS. The descriptor "Anodontia" was used in both. The articles were filtered from 2010 to 2020, including full texts, in english, portuguese and spanish. Dissertations, theses and book chapters were discarded. In PubMed, from 508 articles found, 13 were included for review. In the BVS, from 304 articles found, 07 were included for review, totaling 20 articles. Studies have shown that mutations by nucleotide subitusing and deletion were more present in genes that cause dental agenesis (PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, WNT). In epidemiologic studies, women showed greater involvement than men, both in deciduous and permanent dentition, in a ratio of 3:2. In addition, leukoderms showed greater involvement than melanoderms. Knowledge of the genotype-phenotype correlation between mutations and dental agenesis is important for the dental surgeon, as it assists in diagnosis, genetic counseling, treatment and prognosis.
Hemoglobina variante na comunidade quilombola caiana dos crioulos no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Maria do Socorro Viana do , Oliveira Evaldo Hipólito de , Nogueira Júnior Francisco de Assis , Albuquerque Vamberto Luís Medeiros de , Soares Caio Victor Dantas , Tenório Maria Daluz Freire de Castro , Lima Eleonidas Moura , Soares Leonardo Ferreira
Published: November 2020

Entre o grupo de indivíduos excluídos na sociedade brasileira, os mais marginalizados continuam ainda sendo os negros. Nesse grupo, os negros do meio rural são os mais alijados dos novos processos de construção social. A ONU declarou que as Comunidades Negras Rurais remanescentes de quilombos, denominados, quilombolas é hoje um dos mais ativos agentes sociais da população negra no Brasil. A produção de conhecimento científico é questão fundamental para a saúde da população negra para tanto se faz necessário incluir na Agenda Nacional de Prioridades em Pesquisa os temas vinculados à saúde desta população. Esta pesquisa objetivou apresentar a prevalência do traço falciforme em 1 comunidade quilombola no estado da Paraíba. Estudo do tipo transversal onde a população alvo foi de 76 membros em uma comunidade quilombola identificada no estado do Paraíba. A idade média foi de 31,4 anos. O sexo feminino foi 84,2% e masculino 15,8% da população. Foi detectada a presença de 4 casamentos consanguíneos entre as famílias estudadas. Tendo como base a elevada prevalência do traço falciforme (17,1%) na comunidade quilombola estudada, faz-se necessário e urgente a continuidade da pesquisa nas demais comunidades presentes no estado da Paraíba. Palavras-chave: Hemoglobinas variantes, Traço falciforme, anemia falciforme.
Impacto da reabilitação oral na qualidade de vida e nos níveis de cortisol de pacientes geriátricos
Authors: Gonçalves Fabiano Palmeira , Alves Gutemberg , Oliveira Felipe , Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves , Soares João Ricardo Almeida , Perazzo Matheus França , Paiva Saul Martins , Scelza Miriam F. Zaccaro
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (OHRQoL) com os níveis de cortisol salivar em idosos em reabilitação protética oral. Quarenta e um participantes idosos responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e ao Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) para OHRQoL. Os participantes foram avaliados clinicamente e encaminhados a uma Clínica de Odontologia Geriátrica Pública para reabilitação oral protética. Amostras de saliva foram coletadas para quantificação do cortisol através de ELISA, antes (T1) e após (T2) a reabilitação oral protética. A comparação entre T1 e T2 foi realizada pelo teste de Wilcoxon com significância de 5%. A média de resposta padronizada (SRM) testou a capacidade de resposta do OHIP-14. Vinte e sete pacientes com idade média de 74 ± 8,4 anos concluíram o tratamento. O OHIP-14 apresentou responsividade satisfatória para o escore total e na maioria dos domínios (SRM> 0,5). A pontuação total do OHIP-14 e os domínios Dor Física, Incapacidade Física e Psicológica melhoraram após o tratamento (p <0,05). Por outro lado, o cortisol apresentou correlação fraca e não significativa com os escores do OHIP-14, exceto para o domínio Limitação Funcional (r = 0,405, p <0,05). Não houve diferença entre os níveis de cortisol salivar entre T1 e T2 (p> 0,05). O nível de cortisol salivar não apresentou associação direta com OHRQoL em idosos. Por outro lado, o questionário OHIP-14 evidenciou alterações após a reabilitação oral, confirmando a melhora na qualidade de vida dos idosos.
Nem todo outubro é rosa: homem também pode ter câncer de mama. Um relato de experiência
Authors: Costa Gabriela Oliveira Parentes da , Moura Joana Célia Ferreira , Ribeiro Aclênia Maria Nascimento , Vaz Bruna Araújo , Santana Rosane da Silva , Baldoino Luciana Stanford , Martins Vinícius de Sousa , Pereira Eliseba dos Santos , Sousa Naiana Lustosa de Araújo , Nunes Maria Ivonilde Silva , Nery Eliete Leite , Jansen Ricardo Clayton Silva , Cruz Francisca Maria Pereira da , Pinto Nielson Valério Ribeiro , Pinto Nayara Vanele Ribeiro
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Proporcionar conhecimento e esclarecer dúvidas sobre o câncer de mama masculino, orientar quanto aos riscos, mostrar a técnica do autoexame das mamas, além de frisar a importância de o homem tocar e observar suas mamas. Metodologia: Trata-se da descrição de um relato de experiência vivenciado em um Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão no mês de outubro de 2019, os servidores do sexo masculino. A ação foi sistematizada seguindo o modelo de processo teórico-prático de Backes et al. (2012). Para análise dos dados e descrição desse relato de experiência, embasou-se no conceito de Holliday (2006), seguindo as etapas Ponto de partida, Perguntas iniciais, Recuperação do processo vivido, Reflexão, Pontos de chegada.  Resultados e Discussão: A maioria dos servidores estavam na faixa entre 30-40 anos de idade, corroborando com os dados de um estudo realizado na região de Triângulo Mineiro com profissionais docentes de um Instituto Federal no qual observou a prevalência de profissionais na faixa etária de 31 a 40 anos. A idade representa um fator significativo no que se refere a alguns cânceres, sendo igualmente relevante na neoplasia de mama masculino que está associada a idades mais avançadas e havendo possibilidade de estar relacionada à outras co-morbidades. Questionados se já tinham ouvido falar sobre o câncer de mama masculino, a maioria dos homens relataram não ter conhecimento. Dados semelhantes também foram encontrados em uma pesquisa que ao questionar sobre o conhecimento dos participantes do estudo acerca do câncer de mama masculino, 77,4% não conhecia esse tipo de neoplasia. Considerações Finais: Muitos homens não se atentam para a possibilidade de desenvolver a doença, ou até mesmo, desconhecem essa possibilidade, como percebeu-se nos dados investigados durante a realização da intervenção.
PENGGUNAAN TARIAN TRADISIONAL WANDA PA’U DIJADIKAN SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA DASAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR DAN TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI UNIVERSITAS FLORES
Authors: Mete Yeni -
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan media pembelajaran tardisional wanda pa’u dalam meningkatkan minat belajar dan tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa pada mata kuliah fisika dasar dengan materi gerak program studi pendidikan biologi, Universitas FloresJenis Penelitian yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK).Yang terdiri dari empat tahap yakni tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, angket, tes evaluasi, dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa minat belajar pada saat pratindakan sebesar 52,25% berada pada kategori rendah, siklus I sebesar 71,75% berada pada kategori sedang, siklus II 81,5 berada pada ketegori tinggi%. Pemahaman mahasiswa rata-rata kelas pra tindakan 45%, siklus I 65%, siklus II 96,4%. Kesimpulan dengan menerapkan media pembelajaran wanda pa’u dapat meningkatkan minat belajar dan tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa pendidikan biologi Universitas Flores.
Using Common Spatial Patterns to Select Relevant Pixels for Video Activity Recognition
Authors: Rodríguez-Moreno Itsaso , Martínez-Otzeta José María , Sierra Basilio , Irigoien Itziar , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Igor , Goienetxea Izaro
Published: November 2020

Video activity recognition, despite being an emerging task, has been the subject of important research due to the importance of its everyday applications. Video camera surveillance could benefit greatly from advances in this field. In the area of robotics, the tasks of autonomous navigation or social interaction could also take advantage of the knowledge extracted from live video recording. In this paper, a new approach for video action recognition is presented. The new technique consists of introducing a method, which is usually used in Brain Computer Interface (BCI) for electroencephalography (EEG) systems, and adapting it to this problem. After describing the technique, achieved results are shown and a comparison with another method is carried out to analyze the performance of our new approach.
Evaluation of Tensile Shear Strength under Salt Spray Test on Dissimilar Metal Spot Welding of Aluminum Alloy and Galvannealed Steel Sheet
Authors: Joo Sung-Min , Kim Young-Gon , Oh Min-Suk
Published: November 2020

In order to reduce the weight of parts in the automobile and electronic industries, various research on dissimilar welding techniques of aluminum and steel is being carried out. Since dissimilar materials have different physical and electrochemical characteristics, joining through conventional fusion welding is challenging, and there is a high probability of a decrease in strength of the welded joints. To solve this problem, a mechanical fastening method is mainly applied to join dissimilar parts with different material properties, but this process has disadvantages in terms of productivity improvement and cost reduction because additional consumables, such as rivets, are required. In this research, we investigated the optimization of the weld bonding conditions of joints using epoxy-based adhesive bonding and DeltaSpot welding for Al/Fe dissimilar materials. For each experimental condition, the corrosion resistance and tensile shear strength of the welded joints were evaluated according to salt spray test times of 0 h, 640 h, 1280 h, and 1920 h. As a whole, as the salt spray test time increased, the tensile shear strength of the welded joints decreased. It was confirmed that weld bonding, after manual polishing of the aluminum side, resulted in the highest average tensile shear strength of 5.88 kN at 1920 h, which was an increase compared with other conditions.
Contribution of Terpenes to Ozone Formation and Secondary Organic Aerosols in a Subtropical Forest Impacted by Urban Pollution
Authors: Salvador Christian Mark , Chou Charles C.-K. , Ho Tse-Tsung , Tsai Chao-Yang , Tsao Tsung-Ming , Tsai Ming-Jer , Su Ta-Chen
Published: November 2020

The highly reactive nature of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) impacts the biosphere by acting as a precursor of ozone and aerosols that influence air quality and climate. Here, we assess the influence of BVOCs and their oxidation products on ozone formation and to submicron secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass in a subtropical forest. A high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) was employed for the continuous measurement of VOCs. Isoprene, monoterpene, and sesquiterpene mixing ratios in the forest were 0.23, 0.22, and 0.03 ppb, respectively. The total ozone formation potential (OFP) of the terpenes was 12.8 μg m−3, which accounted for only 5.6% of the total OFP. Particle phase bound oxidation products were characterized using a thermal-desorption PTR-ToF-MS. Mass spectra analysis revealed the presence pinonaldehyde, pinonic, norpinonic, and pinic acid in both gas and particle phase. The overall daytime (nighttime) mixing ratio of the oxidized BVOCs in gas phases was 0.062(0.023) ppbv. On the other hand, the mean fraction of the four monoterpene oxidation products in condensed phase was estimated at 42%. Overall, the results of this study evidenced quantitatively the contribution of BVOCs to the total reactivity and SOA mass in the subtropical forest.
Cortical Beta Oscillatory Activity Evoked during Reactive Balance Recovery Scales with Perturbation Difficulty and Individual Balance Ability
Authors: Ghosn Nina J. , Palmer Jacqueline A. , Borich Michael R. , Ting Lena H. , Payne Aiden M.
Published: November 2020

Cortical beta oscillations (13–30 Hz) reflect sensorimotor processing, but are not well understood in balance recovery. We hypothesized that sensorimotor cortical activity would increase under challenging balance conditions. We predicted greater beta power when balance was challenged, either by more difficult perturbations or by lower balance ability. In 19 young adults, we measured beta power over motor cortical areas (electroencephalography, Cz electrode) during three magnitudes of backward support -surface translations. Peak beta power was measured during early (50–150 ms), late (150–250 ms), and overall (0–400 ms) time bins, and wavelet-based analyses quantified the time course of evoked beta power. An ANOVA was used to compare peak beta power across perturbation magnitudes in each time bin. We further tested the association between perturbation-evoked beta power and individual balance ability measured in a challenging beam walking task. Beta power increased ~50 ms after perturbation, and to a greater extent in larger perturbations. Lower individual balance ability was associated with greater beta power in only the late (150–250 ms) time bin. These findings demonstrate greater sensorimotor cortical engagement under more challenging balance conditions, which may provide a biomarker for reduced automaticity in balance control that could be used in populations with neurological impairments.
Sleep and Cognition in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Authors: Mughal Rabya , Hill Catherine M. , Joyce Anna , Dimitriou Dagmara
Published: November 2020

Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience significantly higher rates of sleep disturbances than their typically developing peers. However, little is known about the association between sleep and the cognitive phenotype in these clinical populations. Structural damage affecting cortical and subcortical connectivity occurs as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure in children with FASD, whilst it is believed an abundance of short-range connectivity explains the phenotypic manifestations of childhood ASD. These underlying neural structural and connectivity differences manifest as cognitive patterns, with some shared and some unique characteristics between FASD and ASD. This is the first study to examine sleep and its association with cognition in individuals with FASD, and to compare sleep in individuals with FASD and ASD. We assessed children aged 6–12 years with a diagnosis of FASD (n = 29), ASD (n = 21), and Typically Developing (TD) children (n = 46) using actigraphy (CamNTech Actiwatch 8), digit span tests of working memory (Weschler Intelligence Scale), tests of nonverbal mental age (MA; Ravens Standard Progressive Matrices), receptive vocabulary (British Picture Vocabulary Scale), and a choice reaction time (CRT) task. Children with FASD and ASD presented with significantly shorter total sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, and more nocturnal wakings than their TD peers. Sleep was significantly associated with scores on the cognitive tests in all three groups. Our findings support the growing body of work asserting that sleep is significant to cognitive functioning in these neurodevelopmental conditions; however, more research is needed to determine cause and effect.
The Role of Sacrificial and/or Protective Layers to Improve the Sintering of Electroactive Ceramics: Application to Piezoelectric PZT-Printed Thick Films for MEMS
Authors: Debéda Hélène , Rua-Taborda Maria-Isabel , Santawitee Onuma , Grall Simon , Maglione Mario , Chung U-Chan , Elissalde Catherine
Published: November 2020

Piezoelectric thick films are of real interest for devices such as ceramic Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) because they bridge the gap between thin films and bulk ceramics. The basic design of MEMS includes electrodes, a functional material, and a substrate, and efforts are currently focused on simplified processes. In this respect, screen-printing combined with a sacrificial layer approach is attractive due to its low cost and the wide range of targeted materials. Both the role and the nature of the sacrificial layer, usually a carbon or mineral type, depend on the process and the final device. First, a sacrificial layer method dedicated to screen-printed thick-film ceramic and LTCC MEMS is presented. Second, the recent processing of piezoelectric thick-film ceramic MEMS using spark plasma sintering combined with a protective layer approach is introduced. Whatever the approach, the focus is on the interdependent effects of the microstructure, chemistry, and strain/stress, which need to be controlled to ensure reliable and performant properties of the multilayer electroceramics. Here the goal is to highlight the benefits and the large perspectives of using sacrificial/protective layers, with an emphasis on the pros and cons of such a strategy when targeting a complex piezoelectric MEMS design.
Room-Temperature and High-Temperature Wear Behaviors of As-Sprayed and Annealed Cr3C2-25NiCr Coatings Prepared by High Velocity Air-Fuel Spraying
Authors: Liu Xuanzhen , Zhao Xiaofeng , Yang Fan
Published: November 2020

Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings were deposited on stainless steel substrates by high velocity air-fuel (HVAF) spraying. Friction and wear behaviors of as-sprayed and annealed coatings were investigated both at room-temperature (RT) and 600 °C (high-temperature, HT). The results show that annealing at 600 °C in air is effective to enhance the wear performances of the coating both at RT and HT. The enhanced wear resistance of annealed coatings is discussed from the oxide growth and the microstructural evolution of the coatings. The wear behavior of the annealed coating follows the abrasive mechanism at RT and changes to an oxidative wear at HT, in which formation of a tribo-oxide layer plays a critical role to reduce the friction coefficient and to protect the underlying coatings from abrasive damage. The findings of this work reveal the significance of oxide-scale growth and microstructural evolution on the HT wear behaviors of the Cr3C2-25NiCr coating, which provides strategies for enhancing the wear properties of such coatings for HT applications.
Evaluation on the Corrosion and Wear Properties of C-Fibers Doped Aluminum Coatings Obtained Using Arc Spray Technolgoy
Authors: Fang Su , Zhou Jingzhong , Huang Songqiang , Hu Zhaowei , Li Wenge
Published: November 2020

Aiming at the wear and corrosion problems of fittings in 500-kV power transmission lines, a functional aluminum-based coating is prepared by an electric arc spraying process and self-made aluminum-based powder-cored wire. The experimental results showed that the friction coefficient of the coating is reduced from 0.4 to 0.2 after adding carbon fiber and that the wear rate is reduced from 2 × 10−3 to 8 × 10−4 mm3/(N·m). The electrochemical behavior of the composite coating is similar to that of the pure aluminum coating. After a 720-h salt spray test, there is no obvious corrosion products on the coating surface, and the thickness of the corrosion layer is only 29 μm. The new composite coating not only has a good anti-wear effect, but also maintains good corrosion resistance of the aluminum coating.
Preparation and Characterization of Quinoxaline-Pyrene-Based Conjugated Copolymers for Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Alqurashy Bakhet A. , Altayeb Bader M. , Alfaifi Sulaiman Y. , Alawad Majed , Iraqi Ahmed , Ali Imran
Published: November 2020

In this study, two novel conjugated polymers, poly(4,5,9,10-tetrakis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy]pyrene-alt-2,3-bis(3-(octyloxy)phenyl)-5,8-di(2-thienyl)-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline) (PPyQxff) and poly(4,5,9,10-tetrakis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)pyren-alt-2,3-bis(3-(octyloxy)phenyl)-5,8-di(2-thienyl)quinoxaline) (PPyQx), consisting of quinoxaline units with and without fluorine substituents, as electron-accepting moieties and pyrene flanked with dithienyl units as electron-donating moieties were prepared via Stille polymerization reactions for use as electron donor materials in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. PPyQxff and PPyQx were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV−VIS absorption, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. PPyQxff and PPyQx revealed excellent solution processability in common organic solvents. PPyQxff and PPyQx presented decomposition temperatures above 300 °C. The inclusion of F atoms to the quinoxaline moiety made a slight reduction in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level, relative to the unfluorinated polymer, but had no impact on the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level. PPyQxff and PPyQx exhibited similar physical properties with strong and broad absorbance from 400 to 700 nm and an optical band-gap energy of 1.77 eV. The X-ray powder diffraction study indicated that PPyQxff possessed a reduced π–π stacking distance relative to PPyQx.
Reproducible Orientation Relationships Developed from Phase Transformations—Role of Interfaces
Authors: Zhang Wen-Zheng
Published: November 2020

The orientation relationship (OR) between phases related by a phase transformation is often reproducible. This study interprets and predicts the reproducible ORs with a two-stage approach. The initial OR formed at the nucleation stage tends to allow a periodic structure of a preferred state to form in the interface. A matching correspondence of either a one-to-one or n-to-m nature can be specified in the periodic structure. An initial OR will become the final reproducible OR if there is no misfit. Otherwise, a reproducible OR developed at the growth stage tends to permit a singular dislocation structure to form in an interface where the preferred state must be sustained locally. The actual change in the OR is subject to the given material system and the phase-transformation condition. Various singular dislocation structures and their constraints on the ORs are analyzed, with thermodynamics and kinetics applied conceptually. The resulting ORs can be specified by following one or more Δg parallelism rules. A set of workable steps is provided to facilitate the interpretation of observed reproducible ORs. Some unsolved problems are identified, which call for further studies that can quantitatively combine the thermodynamics, kinetics and crystallography of phase transformations.
Structural and Electrochemical Analysis of Decarburized Graphene Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Zaman Noor , Malik Rizwan Ahmed , Alrobei Hussein , Kim Jaehwan , Latif Muhammad , Hussain Azhar , Maqbool Adnan , Karim Ramzan Abdul , Saleem Mohsin , Asif Rafiq Muhammad , Abbas Zaheer
Published: November 2020

In this research, a facile and cost-effective method of graphene synthesis by the modified carburization process and its applications for supercapacitor electrodes is reported. In this simple approach, carbon was diffused into nickel foam and naturally cooled to obtain carbon precipitation for the in situ growth of graphene by decarburization. Phase-structure and surface-morphology analysis revealed the presence of a highly reduced structure of the graphene layer. Furthermore, the large-intensity D, substantial G, and 2D bands in Raman spectra were attributed to disordered multilayer graphene. The three-electrode systems were used to measure electrochemical efficiency. The electrode sample exhibited enhanced current density of 0.6 A/g, electrode energy of 1.0008 Wh/kg, and power density of 180 W/kg, showing significant electrochemical performance for supercapacitor electrode applications.
Stable Isotope Dynamics of Herbivorous Reef Fishes and Their Ectoparasites
Authors: Jenkins William G. , Demopoulos Amanda W. J. , Nicholson Matthew D. , Sikkel Paul C.
Published: November 2020

Acanthurids (surgeonfishes) are an abundant and diverse group of herbivorous fishes on coral reefs. While their contribution to trophic linkages and dynamics in coral reef systems has received considerable attention, the role of linkages involving their parasites has not. As both consumers of fish tissue and prey to microcarnivores, external parasites may play a significant role in trophic transfer between primary consumers (and hence their predominantly algae-based diet) and the broader coral reef community. Stable isotope analysis is a common tool for studying trophic linkages which can be used for studies involving parasites. We examined the stable isotope ecology (13C and 15N) of copepod (Caligus atromaculatus) and monogenean (Neobenedenia sp.) ectoparasites collected from two species of Caribbean acanthurids (Acanthurus coeruleus and Acanthurus bahianus). There were significant intraspecific differences in isotope discrimination factors between parasites collected from the two different host species as well as interspecific differences between parasites collected from the same host species. Discrimination factors for 15N were consistently positive but varied in magnitude depending on host and parasite species and were slightly lower than what would be expected for consumers. The 13C discrimination factors for both monogeneans and copepods collected from A. coeruleus were consistently positive but were negative for copepods collected from A. bahianus. These findings emphasize the complexity of the stable isotope trophic interactions occurring between parasites and their hosts, highlighting the value of these types of host-parasite isotopic studies.
Applying Text Analytics for Studying Research Trends in Dependability
Authors: Carnot Miriam Louise , Bernardino Jorge , Laranjeiro Nuno , Gonçalo Oliveira Hugo
Published: November 2020

The dependability of systems and networks has been the target of research for many years now. In the 1970s, what is now known as the top conference on dependability—The IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN)—emerged gathering international researchers and sparking the interest of the scientific community. Although it started in niche systems, nowadays dependability is viewed as highly important in most computer systems. The goal of this work is to analyze the research published in the proceedings of well-established dependability conferences (i.e., DSN, International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE), International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS), European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC), Latin-American Symposium on Dependable Computing (LADC), Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing (PRDC)), while using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and namely the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm to identify active, collapsing, ephemeral, and new lines of research in the dependability field. Results show a strong emphasis on terms, like ‘security’, despite the general focus of the conferences in dependability and new trends that are related with ’machine learning’ and ‘blockchain’. We used the PRDC conference as a use case, which showed similarity with the overall set of conferences, although we also found specific terms, like ‘cyber-physical’, being popular at PRDC and not in the overall dataset.
Noise Reduction in Spur Gear Systems
Authors: Liguori Aurelio , Armentani Enrico , Bertocco Alcide , Formato Andrea , Pellegrino Arcangelo , Villecco Francesco
Published: November 2020

This article lists some tips for reducing gear case noise. With this aim, a static analysis was carried out in order to describe how stresses resulting from meshing gears affect the acoustic emissions. Different parameters were taken into account, such as the friction, material, and lubrication, in order to validate ideas from the literature and to make several comparisons. Furthermore, a coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) analysis was performed, which was an innovative way of evaluating the sound pressure level of the aforementioned gears. Different parameters were considered again, such as the friction, lubrication, material, and rotational speed, in order to make different research comparisons. The analytical results agreed with those in the literature, both for the static analysis and CEL analysis—for example, it was shown that changing the material from steel to ductile iron improved the gear noise, while increasing the rotational speed or the friction increased the acoustic emissions. Regarding the CEL analysis, air was considered a perfect gas, but its viscosity or another state equation could have also been taken into account. Therefore, the above allowed us to state that research into these scientific fields will bring about reliable results.
Success Factors for Experimental Partial Harvesting in Unmanaged Boreal Forest: 10-Year Stand Yield Results
Authors: Moussaoui Louiza , Leduc Alain , Girona Miguel Montoro , Bélisle Annie Claude , Lafleur Benoit , Fenton Nicole J. , Bergeron Yves
Published: November 2020

Over the past two decades, partial harvesting has been increasingly used in boreal forests as an alternative to clearcutting to promote irregular stand structures and maintain a balance between biodiversity preservation and continued timber production. However, relatively little is still known about the silvicultural potential of partial harvesting in Canada’s boreal forest, especially in areas prone to organic matter accumulation (paludification), and most prior research has focused on biodiversity responses. In this study, we assess the effects of partial harvesting on stand development (recruitment, growth, and mortality) ten years after harvesting in previously unmanaged black spruce stands and quantify its effectiveness in reducing the impacts on ecosystem structures. Our analyses revealed that pre-harvest stand structure and site characteristics, especially initial basal area, sapling density, tree diameter, and organic layer thickness (OLT) were major factors involved in stand development ten years following these partial harvesting treatments. Depending on pre-harvest structure and site characteristics, partial harvesting can result in either an increase in post-harvest tree recruitment and growth or a loss of stand volume because of standing tree mortality. To increase the chances of partial harvesting success in ensuring an increase in decennial stand yield after harvest in black spruce forest stands, sites prone to paludification (i.e., where OLT >17 cm) should be left unharvested. This study illustrates the importance of taking into account pre-existing structure and site characteristics in the selection of management strategies to maximize the potential of partial harvesting to achieve sustainable forest management in black spruce stands.
Short-Term Litter Manipulations have Strong Impact on Soil Nitrogen Dynamics in Larix gmelinii Forest of Northeast China
Authors: Xiao Ruihan , Man Xiuling , Duan Beixing , Cai Tijiu
Published: November 2020

Changes in above-ground litterfall can influence below-ground biogeochemical processes in forests, which substantially impacts soil nitrogen (N) and nutrient cycling. However, how these soil processes respond to the litter manipulation is complex and poorly understood, especially in the N-limiting boreal forest. We aimed to examine how soil N dynamics respond to litter manipulations in a boreal larch forest. A litter manipulation experiment including control, litter exclusion, and litter addition was performed in the Larix gmelinii forest on the north of the Daxing’an Mountains in China. Monthly soil inorganic N, microbial biomass and the rate of net N mineralization in both 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers, and N2O flux were analyzed from May 2018 to October 2018. In 0–20 cm soil layer the average soil inorganic N contents, microbial biomass N (MBN) contents, the rate of net N mineralization (Rmin), and the soil N2O emission in the litter addition plot were approximately 40.58%, 54.16%, 128.57%, and 38.52% greater, respectively than those in the control. While litter exclusion reduced those indexes about 29.04%, 19.84%, 80.98%, and 31.45%, respectively. Compared with the dynamics of the 10–20 cm soil layer, the N dynamics in 0–10 cm soil were more sensitive to litter manipulation. Rmin and N2O emissions were significantly correlated with MBN in most cases. Our results highlight the short-term effects of litter manipulations on soil N dynamics, which suggests that the influence of litter on soil N process should be considered in the future defoliation management of the boreal larch forest.
An Organized Repository of Ethereum Smart Contracts’ Source Codes and Metrics
Authors: Pierro Giuseppe Antonio , Tonelli Roberto , Marchesi Michele
Published: November 2020

Many empirical software engineering studies show that there is a need for repositories where source codes are acquired, filtered and classified. During the last few years, Ethereum block explorer services have emerged as a popular project to explore and search for Ethereum blockchain data such as transactions, addresses, tokens, smart contracts’ source codes, prices and other activities taking place on the Ethereum blockchain. Despite the availability of this kind of service, retrieving specific information useful to empirical software engineering studies, such as the study of smart contracts’ software metrics, might require many subtasks, such as searching for specific transactions in a block, parsing files in HTML format, and filtering the smart contracts to remove duplicated code or unused smart contracts. In this paper, we afford this problem by creating Smart Corpus, a corpus of smart contracts in an organized, reasoned and up-to-date repository where Solidity source code and other metadata about Ethereum smart contracts can easily and systematically be retrieved. We present Smart Corpus’s design and its initial implementation, and we show how the data set of smart contracts’ source codes in a variety of programming languages can be queried and processed to get useful information on smart contracts and their software metrics. Smart Corpus aims to create a smart-contract repository where smart-contract data (source code, application binary interface (ABI) and byte code) are freely and immediately available and are classified based on the main software metrics identified in the scientific literature. Smart contracts’ source codes have been validated by EtherScan, and each contract comes with its own associated software metrics as computed by the freely available software PASO. Moreover, Smart Corpus can be easily extended as the number of new smart contracts increases day by day.