bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, X‐Ray Crystallographic Study, and Biological Evaluation of Coumarin and Quinolinone Carboxamides as Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Matiadis Dimitris , Stefanou Valentina , Athanasellis Giorgos , Hamilakis Stylianos , McKee Vickie , Igglessi‐Markopoulou Olga , Markopoulos John
Published: October 2013

Title compounds (III) are synthesized in high yields (no values given for (IIIa)) and evaluated for cytostatic activities against various cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐(Heteroaryl)‐3H‐benzo[f]chromen‐3‐ones and Antibacterial Evaluation.
Authors: Gomha Sobhi M. , Abdel‐Aziz Hassan M.
Published: October 2013

A variety of novel functionalized I‐hetarylbenzochromenes is synthesized by reaction of 3‐hydroxyacryloylchromenone (I) with heterocyclic amines or active methylene compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light‐Induced Aerobic Oxyamidation of Indoles: A Photocatalytic Strategy for the Preparation of Tetrahydro‐5H‐indolo[2,3‐b]quinolinols
Authors: An Jing , Zou You‐Quan , Yang Qing‐Qing , Wang Qiang , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: October 2013

19 examples
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Indol‐3‐yl Benzonaphthyridines via Copper(II) Triflate‐Catalyzed Heteroannulation.
Authors: Prakash K. S. , Nagarajan Rajagopal
Published: October 2013

The three component reaction of quinolines (I) or (V) with anilines and indoles involves the initial formation of an imine, copper(II) triflate catalyzed 6‐endo‐dig type annulation, and nucleophilic addition of indole to give the title species under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Bioactivity of Novel (1E, 4E)‐1‐Aryl‐5‐(2‐(quinazolin‐4‐yloxy)phenyl)‐1,4‐pentadien‐3‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Luo Hui , Liu Jiaju , Jin Linhong , Hu Deyu , Chen Zhen , Yang Song , Wu Jian , Song Baoan
Published: October 2013

For the first time it is demonstrates that the title compounds can be used to develop potential virucides for plants.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzo[a]phenazine Derivatives as a Dual Inhibitor of Topoisomerase I and II.
Authors: Huang Shi‐Liang , et al. et al.
Published: October 2013

Most of the title compounds show good antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines tested.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Pyrimidoazepine Analogues as Serotonin 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT2C Receptor Ligands for the Treatment of Obesity.
Authors: Pae Ae Nim , et al. et al.
Published: October 2013

A variety of pyrimidoazepine analogues is synthesized and tested for their biological activity in vitro and in‐vivo as novel anti‐obesity agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Between Secondary Phosphine Selenides and Thiols or Dithiols: A Facile Regio‐Selective Synthesis of Thioselenophosphinic S‐Esters and S‐Diesters.
Authors: Gusarova Nina K. , Volkov Pavel A. , Ivanova Nina I. , Gatilov Yurii V. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: October 2013

The reaction is proposed to proceed via a secondary phosphine‐selenide free radical formed on treatment of the starting selenides with the NEt3/CCl4 oxidative system.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved and Efficient Synthesis for IPL576,092 and Its Analogues.
Authors: Liu Jin , Huang Rong , Zhu Hongyou
Published: October 2013

IPL576,092 (VII) and its analogues (III) are efficiently synthesized starting from dehydroepiandrosterone or compounds (I), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐fluoro‐4′‐triazole Cytidine Nucleosides as Potent Antiviral Agents.
Authors: Wu Jie , Yu Wenquan , Fu Leixia , He Wu , Wang Yao , Chai Baoshan , Song Chuanjun , Chang Junbiao
Published: October 2013

A copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne‐click‐reaction leading to the title compounds is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe2.25W0.75O4/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Novel Bifunctional Photocatalyst: One‐Pot Synthesis, Magnetically Recyclable and Enhanced Photocatalytic Property.
Authors: Guo Jinxue , Jiang Bin , Zhang Xiao , Zhou Xiaoyu , Hou Wanguo
Published: October 2013

The title nanocomposites are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous solutions containing Na2WO4, FeSO4, graphene oxide, NaOH, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (autoclave, pH 10, 180 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Nd‐Fe‐B Nanocomposite Thin Films: Influence of the Additions on the Structure and Hard Magnetic Properties
Authors: Urse Maria , Grigoras Marian , Lupu Nicoleta , Chiriac Horia
Published: October 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Coordination Chemistry of Multidentate Ligands Featuring a Boron Moiety
Authors: Kameo Hajime , Nakazawa Hiroshi
Published: October 2013

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis. Unlimited Frontiers. Our Early Personal Journey into the World of Palladium
Authors: Trost Barry M.
Published: October 2013

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Complexations of Natural Products
Authors: Schneider Hans‐Joerg , Agrawal Pawan , Yatsimirsky Anatoly K.
Published: October 2013

Review: <150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilicity: The “Dark‐Side” of Indole Chemistry
Authors: Bandini Marco
Published: October 2013

Review: about 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Taming Sulfur Dioxide: A Breakthrough for Its Wide Utilization in Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Bisseret Philippe , Blanchard Nicolas
Published: October 2013

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Pd Nanoparticles for Carbon—Carbon Coupling Reactions
Authors: Taladriz‐Blanco Patricia , Herves Pablo , Perez‐Juste Jorge
Published: October 2013

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry and Total Synthesis of Complex Myxobacterial Macrolides
Authors: Essig Sebastian , Menche Dirk
Published: October 2013

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Critical Survey Covering the Year 2010: Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Sacchetti Alessandro , Silvani Alessandra
Published: October 2013

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatility of Silicon‐Based Compounds in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sambri Letizia , Baschieri Andrea
Published: October 2013

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Critical Surveys Covering the Year 2011: Organometallic Compounds in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Perna Filippo Maria , Solomone Antonio , Capriati Vito
Published: October 2013

Review: new applications of organometallics as catalysts or reagents in organic syntheis; 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mass Spectrometry Investigation of Glycosylation Aberration via De‐N‐Glycopeptide Analysis
Authors: Shetty Vivekananda , Philip Ramila
Published: October 2013

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Frontiers of Organic Conductors and Superconductors
Authors: Saito Gunzi , Yoshida Yukihiro
Published: October 2013

Review: 372 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion Exchanger Catalysts
Authors: Jerabek Karel
Published: October 2013

Review: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Tropanes
Authors: Stehouwer Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2013

Review: development of fluorine‐18 radiolabeled tropanes for imaging use with positron emission tomography; 157 refs.
Analysis of Trace‐Level Volatile Compounds in Fresh Turf Crop (Lolium perenne L.) by Gas Chromatography Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hong Saisai , Kang Wenyu , Su Yue , Guo Yinlong
Published: October 2013

In the traditional research of volatile compounds, some trace‐level compounds could not be identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Target and post‐targeted methods were applied in the investigation of trace‐level volatile compounds in fresh turf crop (Lolium perenne L.) based on gas chromatography in combination with hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. According to literatures published, a target analysis was performed by using retention index, accurate masses of characteristic ions and second‐stage mass spectra (MS2 spectra). And a series of experiments showed that low electron impact energy was beneficial to the improvement of the abundances of low abundance molecular ion peak. Enhancing the abundances of low abundance molecular ion peak was beneficial to qualitative analysis. Totally, 60 volatile compounds were identified, the great majority compounds of which were benzeneacetaldehyde (14.8%), 2,5‐dimethyl‐pyrazine (9.6%), and hexanal (9.3%). Identification was complied by mass spectral search, retention index and accurate masses of characteristic ions.
Have We Given Up on Intra‐aortic Balloon Counterpulsation in Post–Myocardial Infarction Cardiogenic Shock?
Authors: Acharji Subasit , Mathur Atish , Lakshmanadoss Umashankar , Prasad Hari , Singh Maninder , Kaluski Edo
Published: October 2013

The recently published Intra‐aortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II (IABP‐SHOCK II) trial concluded that intra‐aortic counterpulsation (IACP) does not reduce 30‐day mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for whom early revascularization strategy was planned. The study resulted in downgrading IACP in post‐AMI CS patients by certain professional organizations like the European Society of Cardiology. Although this is the largest and most important CS study of this decade, it suffers from considerable shortcomings: (1) time intervals from chest‐pain onset or AMI recognition to revascularization, enrollment, and IACP initiation are not disclosed; (2) 86.6% of the treatment arm initiated IACP only post–percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and 4.3 % did not receive IACP at all; (3) 17.4% of the control arm crossed over to IACP or other mechanical support, mostly due to protocol violations; (4) there is no adjudication of the mortality events; (5) follow‐up is limited to 30 days; and (5) both methodology (especially IACP device size) and quality of IACP are not evaluated and documented. Because the study assessed mostly the efficacy and safety of IACP initiated post‐PCI, the study conclusions should not be extrapolated to IACP pre‐PCI or during PCI in CS. Moreover, IACP had a favorable effect on the mortality of younger patients. Intra‐aortic counterpulsation should remain the first line of mechanical circulatory support for the hemodynamically compromised AMI patients with or without CS who are undergoing primary PCI. Early upgrade to more advanced mechanical circulatory support should be considered for selective suitable candidates who remain in refractory CS despite revascularization and IACP.
Pharmacogenetics in Cardiovascular Disease: The Challenge of Moving From Promise to Realization
Authors: Joseph Philip G. , Pare Guillaume , Ross Stephanie , Roberts Robert , Anand Sonia S.
Published: October 2013

Pharmacogenetics in cardiovascular medicine brings the potential for personalized therapeutic strategies that improve efficacy and reduce harm. Studies evaluating the impact of genetic variation on pharmacologic effects have been undertaken for most major cardiovascular drugs, including antithrombotic agents, β‐adrenergic receptor blockers, statins, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors. Across these drug classes, many polymorphisms associated with pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, or surrogate outcomes have been identified. However, their impact on clinical outcomes and their ability to improve clinical practice remains unclear. This review will examine the current clinical evidence supporting pharmacogenetic testing in cardiovascular medicine, provide clinical guidance based on the current evidence, and identify further steps needed to determine the utility of pharmacogenetics in cardiovascular care.
Ubiquity of Endocrine Disruptors Nonylphenol and Its Mono‐ and Di‐Ethoxylates in Freshwater, Sediments, and Biosolids Associated with High and Low Density Populations of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Babay Paola A. , Itria Raúl F. , Romero Ale Emiliano E. , Becquart Elena T. , Gautier Eduardo A.
Published: October 2013

In Latin America, use of alkylphenol ethoxylates is unrestricted and widespread. However, their environmental incidence is still little studied. In order to investigate the occurrence, distribution and main sources of the endocrine disruptors nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol mono‐ and di‐ethoxylate (NP1EO, NP2EO), we analyzed water and sediments from thirteen sites in high and low population densities regions of Argentina. Also ten biosolid samples from a municipal sewage treatment plant were analyzed. Ranges for NP were 21–6359 µg kg−1 in sediments, 0.1–6.2 µg L−1 in water and 64–112 mg kg−1 in sludge; for NP1EO were 7–3357 µg kg−1 in sediments, 0.1–9.2 µg L−1 in water and 8–140 mg kg−1 in sludge and for NP2EO were 1–437 µg kg−1 in sediments, 0.1–5.2 µg L−1 in water and 2–23 mg kg−1 in sludge. The highest levels were associated with proximity to industry and sewage effluents discharge. In biosolids we found predominantly NP, followed by NP1EO and NP2EO, consistently with the metabolic potential of engineered systems. Our findings are in agreement with historical reports for Europe and North America, indicating an important incidence of the xenoestrogens also in this important geographical region. Contrasted to guide values, they show a potential threat to the water and terrestrial environments.
A note from history: Landmarks in history of cancer, Part 6
Authors: Hajdu Steven I. , Vadmal Manjunath
Published: October 2013

In the 3 decades from 1940 to 1970, the United States became the nucleus for research, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. The discovery of anticancer drugs, and the clinical demonstration that chemotherapy and radiation can cure cancer and have the ability to prevent recurrence of cancer, were incontrovertibly the most remarkable groundbreaking events. Consequently, the trend of less surgery and more multimodality therapy began. The introduction of radioautography, mammography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, Papanicolaou smear, and other novel laboratory tests furthered early detection of cancer and refined accurate diagnosis. The unequivocal linking of lung cancer to cigarette smoking made medical history. The delineation of the potential role of oncogenes adduced new thoughts about oncogenesis and cancer prevention, and pathologists finalized the classification and nosology of tumors. Finally, it is worth noting that although more advances were made in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancers than any other period in history, the overall mortality rate of patients with cancer remained high and unchanged. Cancer 2013;119:4058–4082. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Outcome of adolescents and young adults with acute myeloid leukemia treated on COG trials compared to CALGB and SWOG trials
Authors: Woods William G. , Franklin Anna R. K. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Donohue Kathleen A. , Othus Megan , Horan John , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Estey Elihu H. , Bloomfield Clara D. , Larson Richard A.
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND

A retrospective meta‐analysis of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was performed to determine if differences in outcome exist following treatment on pediatric versus adult oncology treatment regimens.

METHODS

Outcomes were compared of 517 AYAs with AML aged 16 to 21 years who were treated on Children's Oncology Group (COG), Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB), and Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) frontline AML trials from 1986 to 2008.

RESULTS

There was a significant age difference between AYA cohorts in the COG, CALGB, and SWOG trials (median, 17.2 versus 20.1 versus 19.8 years, P < .001). The 10‐year event‐free survival of the COG cohort was superior to the combined adult cohorts (38% ± 6% versus 23% ± 6%, log‐rank P = .006) as was overall survival (45% ± 6% versus 34% ± 7%), with a 10‐year estimate comparison of P = .026. However, the younger age of the COG cohort is confounding, with all patients aged 16 to 18 years doing better than those aged 19 to 21 years. Although the 10‐year relapse rate was lower for the COG patients (29% ± 6% versus 57% ± 8%, Gray's P < .001), this was offset by a higher postremission treatment‐related mortality of 26% ± 6% versus 12% ± 6% (Gray's P < .001). Significant improvements in 10‐year event‐free survival and overall survival were observed for the entire cohort in later studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients treated on pediatric trials had better outcomes than those treated on adult trials, but age is a major confounding variable, making it difficult to compare outcomes by cooperative group. Cancer 2013;119:4170–4179. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic significance of a positive axillary lymph node fine‐needle aspirate in patients with invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: Chang Martin C. , Escallon Jaime M. , Colgan Terence J.
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND

Image‐guided axillary lymph node fine‐needle aspirates (FNAs) correlate well with pathologic lymph node staging in cases of invasive breast carcinoma. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of a positive lymph node.

METHODS

Consecutive cases of nonmetastatic (M0) invasive breast carcinoma evaluated by image‐guided FNA were identified (4‐year period, median follow‐up of 51 months). “Positive” and “nonpositive” groups were compared using Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis. Multivariate Cox regression was used to correct for clinicopathologic and treatment factors. A total of 142 cases was included, 70 with positive axillary FNA and 72 with a nonpositive result.

RESULTS

FNA‐positive and nonpositive cases did not differ in patient age, tumor subtype, or hormone receptor status. Positive FNA was significantly associated with advanced T and N pathologic stage, and with HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) positivity. FNA‐positive patients were more likely to undergo mastectomy and to receive chemotherapy. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that positive FNA is associated with poor prognosis, both with respect to disease‐free survival (89% nonpositive versus 73% positive at 5 years, P < .001) and overall survival (94% versus 81%, respectively, at 5 years, P = .01). Multivariate analysis showed that when correcting for other variables, FNA positivity was not independently significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Positive axillary lymph node FNA is associated with poor prognosis on univariate analysis. By contrast, overall nodal staging is independently significant on multivariate analysis. The prognostic significance of axillary FNA likely results from its ability to predict for nodal status. Axillary FNA has utility as a preoperative staging procedure. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:138–44. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Supramolecular Organogels Formed through Complementary Double‐Helix Formation
Authors: Banno Motonori , Wu Zong‐Quan , Makiguchi Wataru , Furusho Yoshio , Yashima Eiji
Published: October 2013

Optically active amidine ((R)‐1) and achiral carboxylic acid (2) dimers with a m‐terphenyl backbone linked by a 1,4‐phenylene diacetylene unit form a double helix, (R)‐1⋅2, through complementary amidinium–carboxylate salt bridges in THF. Upon the addition of poor solvents, such as n‐hexane, the duplex forms an organogel as a result of supramolecular polymerization of the duplex by intermolecular rearrangement of the salt bridges. In sharp contrast, an analogous racemic duplex composed of achiral amidine residues and an optically active duplex linked by a shorter diacetylene unit with a higher binding affinity than that of (R)‐1⋅2 does not show any gelation. The supramolecular fluorescent gels exhibit reversible thermo‐ and chemoresponsive behavior. The chiroptical properties of the gels, the mechanism of gelation, and the amplification of helical chirality during the gelation of (R)‐1⋅2 in the absence and presence of its enantiomeric counterpart, (S)‐1⋅2, and a racemic duplex, consisting of achiral amidine and carboxylic acid dimers, were investigated by following changes in the absorption and circular dichroism spectra.
Arginine Wettability and Impedance Dual‐Signal Response by Aldehyde Calix[4]arene Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Yang Lanlan , Luo Li , Zhang Guifen , Miao Fajun , Zhang Xiaoyan , Tian Demei , Li Haibing
Published: October 2013

A new aldehyde calix[4]arene (C4AH) was synthesized efficiently to give a yield of 90 % and was used to form self‐assembled monolayers (SAMS) by means of click chemistry to give a highly selective wettability and impedance sensor for arginine (Arg). The success of the C4AH functional interface and Arg‐responsive events were confirmed by contact‐angle (CA) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Furthermore, the C4AH functional interface can be used as wettability‐responsive cycles at least eight times. This type of sensor operates on the principle that Arg has a high pKa value of 12.48, and is able to form strong hydrogen bonds with aldehyde selectivity, which results in a significant CA change. The proposed wettability‐sensing devices display a remarkable specificity, intuitiveness, and convenience, which should be suitable for the production of arginine recognition chips that can be used in the fields of biology and medical science.
TiO2 nanoparticles synthesis for application in proton exchange membranes
Authors: Mishra Preeti S. , Solanki Jignasa N. , Murthy Z. V. P.
Published: October 2013

In the present paper, suitable TiO2 nanoparticles are successfully synthesized by sol‐gel method, in order to utilize the freshly prepared TiO2 nanoparticles for proton exchange membrane (PEM) preparation. Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) is used as precursor and ethanol as a solvent. The optimum and suitable TiO2 nanoparticles were obtained by varying gelatinisation time (4–120 h), concentration of precursor (TiCl4) in ethanol (2–15 vol%), and reaction temperature (15–35 °C). The morphology, size and purity of the nanoparticles are investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Optimum results were found at 4 h of gelatinisation time, 10% precursor concentration and 25 °C temperature for preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles. Thus prepared nanoparticles are found to be suitable for preparation of nanocomposite PEM, and consequently the prepared PEM indicates enhanced properties, such as, higher thermal stability (high glass transition temperature of 184.1 °C), excellent proton conductivity (0.0822 S cm−1 at room temperature) and low methanol permeability (1.11 × 10−9 cm2 s−1).
Predicting Cellulose Solvating Capabilities of Acid–Base Conjugate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Parviainen Arno , King Alistair W. T. , Mutikainen Ilpo , Hummel Michael , Selg Christoph , Hauru Lauri K. J. , Sixta Herbert , Kilpeläinen Ilkka
Published: October 2013

Different acid–base conjugates were made by combining a range of bases and superbases with acetic and propionic acid. Only the combinations that contained superbases were capable of dissolving cellulose. Proton affinities were calculated for the bases. A range, within which cellulose dissolution occurred, when combined with acetic or propionic acid, was defined for further use. This was above a proton affinity value of about 240 kcal mol−1 at the MP2/6‐311+G(d,p)//MP2/ 6‐311+G(d,p) ab initio level. Understanding dissolution allowed us to determine that cation acidity contributed considerably to the ability of ionic liquids to dissolve cellulose and not just the basicity of the anion. By XRD analyses of suitable crystals, hydrogen bonding interactions between anion and cation were found to be the dominant interactions in the crystalline state. From determination of viscosities of these conjugates over a temperature range, certain structures were found to have as low a viscosity as 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate, which was reflected in their high rate of cellulose dissolution but not necessarily the quantitative solubility of cellulose in those ionic liquids. 1,5‐Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐enium propionate, which is one of the best structures for cellulose dissolution, was then distilled using laboratory equipment to demonstrate its recyclability.
Molecular Relaxations in Magnesium Polymer Electrolytes via GHz Broadband Electrical Spectroscopy
Authors: Piccolo Michele , Giffin Guinevere A. , Vezzù Keti , Bertasi Federico , Alotto Piergiorgio , Guarnieri Massimo , Di Noto Vito
Published: October 2013

GHz broadband electrical spectroscopy (G‐BES) is adopted to investigate the molecular relaxations and interactions occurring within the system in an oxygen‐ and water‐free atmosphere in the 300 kHz–20 GHz and −40 to 250 °C frequency and temperature ranges, respectively. A new electrolyte for magnesium secondary batteries that can transfer magnesium ions efficiently is presented. This electrolyte is based on polyethylene glycol 400 and a polymeric form of δ‐MgCl2. The information obtained by G‐BES is crucial for studying the conduction mechanism of these new electrolytes.
Ligand Effects on the Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Inspired Substrates with Bifunctional Ru, Ir, and Rh Complexes
Authors: Jansen Eveline , Jongbloed Linda S. , Tromp Dorette S. , Lutz Martin , de Bruin Bas , Elsevier Cornelis J.
Published: October 2013

We herein report on the application and structural investigation of a new set of complexes that contain bidentate N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and primary amine moieties of the type [M(arene)Cl(L)] [M=Ru, Ir, or Rh; arene=p‐cymene or pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; L=1‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐3‐(n‐alkyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidine]. These complexes were tested and compared in the hydrogenation of acetophenone with hydrogen. Structural variations in the chelate ring size of the heteroditopic ligand revealed that smaller chelate ring sizes in combination with ring conjugation in the ligand are beneficial for the activity of this type of catalyst, favoring an inner‐sphere coordination pathway. Additionally, increasing the steric bulk of the alkyl substituent on the NHC aided the reaction, showing almost no induction period and formation of a more active catalyst for the n‐butyl complex relative to complexes with smaller Me and Et substituents. As is common in hydrogenation reactions, the activity of the complexes decreases in the order Ru>Ir>Rh. The application of [Ru(p‐cym)Cl(L)]PF6, which outperforms its reported analogues, has been successfully extended to the hydrogenation of more challenging biomass‐inspired substrates.
Examining associations between adolescent binge eating and binge eating in parents and friends
Authors: Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Wall Melanie M. , Choo Tse‐Hwei J. , Bruening Meg , Eisenberg Marla E. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne
Published: October 2013

Objective

Binge eating is prevalent among adolescents, but little is known about how parents and friends may influence such behaviors. This study examined associations between adolescent binge eating behaviors, and similar behaviors in their parents and friends.

Method

Participants were 2,770 target adolescent boys and girls who had at least one friend and/or parent who also participated. Logistic regression, stratified by gender, examined associations between parents' and friends' self‐reported binge eating, and similar behaviors in target adolescents.

Results

Girls' binge eating was associated with their male friends' (odds ratio = 2.33; p = 0.03) and fathers' binge eating (odds ratio = 3.38; p = 0.02), but not with their female friends' or mothers' binge eating (p > 0.05). For boys, binge eating was not associated with parents' or friends' behavior.

Discussion

Adolescent girls' binge eating is associated with similar behaviors in their other‐sex parents and friends. Results should be replicated, and mechanisms explaining this relation should be further explored. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:325–328)
Environmental drivers defining linkages among life‐history traits: mechanistic insights from a semiterrestrial amphipod subjected to macroscale gradients
Authors: Gómez Julio , Barboza Francisco R. , Defeo Omar
Published: October 2013

Determining the existence of interconnected responses among life‐history traits and identifying underlying environmental drivers are recognized as key goals for understanding the basis of phenotypic variability. We studied potentially interconnected responses among senescence, fecundity, embryos size, weight of brooding females, size at maturity and sex ratio in a semiterrestrial amphipod affected by macroscale gradients in beach morphodynamics and salinity. To this end, multiple modelling processes based on generalized additive mixed models were used to deal with the spatio‐temporal structure of the data obtained at 10 beaches during 22 months. Salinity was the only nexus among life‐history traits, suggesting that this physiological stressor influences the energy balance of organisms. Different salinity scenarios determined shifts in the weight of brooding females and size at maturity, having consequences in the number and size of embryos which in turn affected sex determination and sex ratio at the population level. Our work highlights the importance of analysing field data to find the variables and potential mechanisms that define concerted responses among traits, therefore defining life‐history strategies.
Disentangling environmental correlates of vascular plant biodiversity in a Mediterranean hotspot
Authors: Molina‐Venegas Rafael , Aparicio Abelardo , Pina Francisco José , Valdés Benito , Arroyo Juan
Published: October 2013

We determined the environmental correlates of vascular plant biodiversity in the Baetic‐Rifan region, a plant biodiversity hotspot in the western Mediterranean. A catalog of the whole flora of Andalusia and northern Morocco, the region that includes most of the Baetic‐Rifan complex, was compiled using recent comprehensive floristic catalogs. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of the different ecoregions of Andalusia and northern Morocco were conducted to determine their floristic affinities. Diversity patterns were studied further by focusing on regional endemic taxa. Endemic and nonendemic alpha diversities were regressed to several environmental variables. Finally, semi‐partial regressions on distance matrices were conducted to extract the respective contributions of climatic, altitudinal, lithological, and geographical distance matrices to beta diversity in endemic and nonendemic taxa. We found that West Rifan plant assemblages had more similarities with Andalusian ecoregions than with other nearby northern Morocco ecoregions. The endemic alpha diversity was explained relatively well by the environmental variables related to summer drought and extreme temperature values. Of all the variables, geographical distance contributed by far the most to spatial turnover in species diversity in the Baetic‐Rifan hotspot. In the Baetic range, climate was the most significant driver of nonendemic species beta diversity, while lithology and climate were the main drivers of endemic beta diversity. Despite the fact that Andalusia and northern Morocco are presently separated by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, the Baetic and Rifan mountain ranges have many floristic similarities – especially in their western ranges – due to past migration of species across the Strait of Gibraltar. Climatic variables could be shaping the spatial distribution of endemic species richness throughout the Baetic‐Rifan hotspot. Determinants of spatial turnover in biodiversity in the Baetic‐Rifan hotspot vary in importance between endemic and nonendemic species.
Reaction Mechanism of Water Oxidation Catalyzed by Iron Tetraamido Macrocyclic Ligand Complexes – A DFT Study
Authors: Liao Rong‐Zhen , Li Xi‐Chen , Siegbahn Per E. M.
Published: October 2013

Density functional calculations are used to elucidate the reaction mechanism of water oxidation catalyzed by iron tetraamido macrocyclic ligand (TAML) complexes. The oxidation of the starting TAML–Fe3+–OH2 complex by removing three electrons and two protons leads to the formation of a key intermediate, TAML·–Fe5+=O, which can undergo nucleophilic attack by either a water molecule or a nitrate ion. Both pathways involve attack on the oxo group and lead to the production of O2. The water attack is more favoured and has a total barrier of 15.4 kcal/mol. The alternative nitrate attack pathway has a barrier of 19.5 kcal/mol. Nitrate functions as a cocatalyst by first donating an oxygen atom to the oxo group to form O2 and a nitrite ion, which can then be re‐oxidized to regenerate a nitrate ion. Three possible competing pathways result in ligand modification, namely, water and nitrate attack on the ligand, as well as ligand amide oxidation. The water attack on the ligand has a low barrier of only 10.9 kcal/mol and leads to the opening of the benzene ring, which explains the observation of fast catalyst degradation. The lack of activity or lower activity of other catalysts with different substituents is also rationalized.
Facile Combustion Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of the Cathode Material Li1.231Mn0.615Ni0.154O2
Authors: Liao Shi‐Xuan , Zhong Ben‐He , Guo Xiaodong , Shi Xia‐Xing , Hua Wei‐Bo
Published: October 2013

The composite Li1.231Mn0.615Ni0.154O2 has been prepared by a facile combustion synthesis. X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, chemical analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the resultant composite and its precursor. The results show that a well‐crystallized layered hexagonal structured composite Li1.231MnIV0.615NiII0.154O2 is obtained. The resultant composite serves as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries, and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry revealed that the composite exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. The as‐prepared electrode delivers an average specific energy density as high as 795 W h kg–1 in the range 4.8–2.0 V (vs. Li/Li+) at a constant current density of 20 mA g–1.
Salts of 5‐(5‐Azido‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)tetrazol‐1‐ol: From Highly Sensitive Primary Explosives to Insensitive Nitrogen‐Rich Salts
Authors: Izsák Dániel , Klapötke Thomas M. , Reuter Stephan
Published: October 2013

Several metal and nitrogen‐rich salts of the recently presented 5‐(5‐azido‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)tetrazol‐1‐ol (AzTTO), including silver (1), copper(I) (2), potassium (3 and 5), cesium (4), copper(II) (6), ammonium (7 and 11), hydrazinium (8), guanidinium (9 and 12), and aminoguanidinium (10), were prepared and thoroughly characterized by IR and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 14N) NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, the structures of 3·H2O, 4, 5·3H2O, and 7 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The compounds show interesting structural motifs, which were analyzed and are discussed. The sensitivities towards impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge were determined according to BAM (the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) standards, thereby revealing most of the metal salts to be highly sensitive and the nitrogen‐rich salts to be mostly insensitive. Furthermore, the metal salts were tested for their ability to be primary explosives.
Reversible Reactions of Ni and Pd Hydroxo Pincer Complexes [(iPrPCP)M–OH] with CO2: Solid‐State Study of the Decarboxylation of the Monomeric Bicarbonate Complexes [(iPrPCP)M–OCOOH] (M = Ni, Pd)
Authors: Martínez‐Prieto Luis Miguel , Real Concepción , Ávila Elena , Álvarez Eleuterio , Palma Pilar , Cámpora Juan
Published: October 2013

Monomeric Ni and Pd hydroxides stabilized by the iPrPCP pincer ligand react with CO2 to give labile terminal bicarbonate complexes that readily lose CO2 and water to give binuclear carbonate complexes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been used to monitor the decomposition of both bicarcabonates in the solid state. When the carbonate complexes are heated under reflux in thf in the presence of water, full decarboxylation takes place, restoring the starting hydroxides and demonstrating that CO2 insertion is a fully reversible process. The decarboxylation of the nickel carbonate complex is completed more readily, suggesting that the reaction of the Pd hydroxide with CO2 is more favourable than that of its nickel counterpart. This is supported by DFT calculations, which also shows that CO2 insertion takes place through a concerted Lipscomb‐type mechanism.
A 2D Layered Lanthanide Hydroxide Showing Slow Relaxation of Magnetization – Dy8(OH)20Cl4·6H2O
Authors: Monteiro Bernardo , Pereira Cláudia C. L. , Coutinho Joana T. , Pereira Laura C. J. , Marçalo Joaquim , Almeida Manuel
Published: October 2013

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Manuel Almeida at the University of Lisbon. The cover image illustrates the unit cell of a layered dysprosium hydroxide material that is the first example of a layered lanthanide compound showing single‐molecule‐magnet behavior.
Asymmetric Synthesis of C2‐Symmetric Axially Chiral Biaryls through Rhodium‐Catalyzed and Alkyne‐Controlled Diastereoselective Double [2+2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Mori Ayaka , Araki Tatsuya , Miyauchi Yuta , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken
Published: October 2013

The asymmetric synthesis of C2‐symmetric axially chiral biaryls was achieved by the cationic rhodium(I)/1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) complex catalyzed diastereoselective double [2+2+2] cycloaddition of (R)‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol‐derived tetraynes with functionalized monoynes. Interestingly, the use of propiolates afforded biaryls possessing large dihedral angles, and in contrast, the use of propargyl alcohol afforded biaryls possessing small dihedral angles.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles from 1‐Vinylpropargyl Alcohols and Amines
Authors: Thies Nora , Gerlach Martin , Haak Edgar
Published: October 2013

Ruthenium‐catalyzed atom‐economic transformations of 1‐vinylpropargyl alcohols with amines leading to highly substituted pyrroles in a one‐pot cascade process are reported. The allylation/cycloisomerization sequence is catalyzed by a single ruthenium(0) complex that contains a redox‐coupled dienone ligand and can be extended by an additional [3,3] rearrangement. The environmentally benign reactions allow the metal‐catalyzed conversion of inexpensive and readily accessible materials to highly functionalized pyrroles with water as the only waste product.
Organophosphorus‐Selenium Heteroatom Derivatives from Selenation of Primary/Secondary Amines and Haloalkanes/Dihaloalkanes
Authors: Hua Guoxiong , Arachchige Kasun S. A. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek
Published: October 2013

Reaction of 2,4‐bis(phenyl)‐1,3‐diselenadiphosphetane‐2,4‐diselenide (Woollins' reagent) with four equivalents of primary/secondary amines led to a series of ammonium phenylphosphonamido‐diselenoates or phenylphosphonamido‐diselenoic diamides 1a–n, the latter further reacted in situ with either two equivalents of haloalkanes or an equimolar amount of dihaloalkane, resulting in formation of the corresponding Se‐alkylphenyl‐Se‐alkylphenyl‐phosphonamidodiselenoates 2a–n and alkane bis(N‐alkyl‐P‐phenylphosphonamido‐diselenoate) derivatives 3a–n in good to excellent yields. All new compounds have been characterized spectroscopically including multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 31P and 77Se), IR and mass spectroscopy. Two representative X‐ray structures are also described.
Synthesis of the Fungal Lipo‐Chitooligosaccharide Myc‐IV (C16:0, S), Symbiotic Signal of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
Authors: Gillard Laura , Stévenin Arnaud , Schmitz‐Afonso Isabelle , Vauzeilles Boris , Boyer François‐Didier , Beau Jean‐Marie
Published: October 2013

A new synthesis of the fungal lipo‐chitooligosaccharide Myc‐IV (C16:0, S), which was recently reported to be a major symbiotic signalling molecule in arbuscular mycorrhiza, is described. Key steps include the oxidative cleavage of a 4,6‐O‐benzylidene acetal to prepare a disaccharidic glycosyl acceptor, and stereoselective glycosylations with 2‐methyl‐5‐tert‐butylphenyl thioglycosyl donors.
Total Synthesis of Cristatic Acid Based on Late‐Stage Decarboxylative Allylic Migration and Biomimetic Aromatization of a Diketo Dioxinone
Authors: George Nicolas S. , Anderson Katie E. , Barrett Anthony G. M.
Published: October 2013

A fifteen‐step synthesis of methyl cristatate is described. tert‐Butyl‐[(E)‐6‐iodo‐3‐methylhex‐2‐enyloxy)]diphenylsilane, synthesized from geraniol, was coupled with 2‐(diethoxymethyl)‐4‐lithiofuran and transformed – by acetal hydrolysis, Wittig olefination, and desilylation – into a sesquiterpene furan alcohol. This alcohol was converted into methyl cristatate by sequential condensation with carbonyldiimidazole and the enolate dianion derived from 2,2‐dimethyl‐6‐(2‐oxopropyl)‐4H‐1,3‐dioxin‐4‐one and subsequent Pd0‐catalyzed decarboxylative allylic migration, biomimetic aromatization, and transesterification with methanol.
Normalization in the courtroom: Does the formation of a group norm affect how judges adjust prosecutors' demands?
Authors: Geyres Beatrice , Hilton Denis , Py Jacques
Published: October 2013

Legal archives concerning a new type of offence first introduced onto the French statute books in 2005 reveal a normalization effect over the following 2 years in judges' sentence decisions but not in prosecutors' sentence demands. We examine the hypothesis that the formation of a normally accepted range of sentences will influence how judges respond to the extremity of the prosecutor's initial sentence demand. In line with a normalization perspective, results reveal that judges were less influenced by extreme (out‐of‐range) sentence demands but more influenced by moderate (in‐range) sentences in 2007 than in 2005. Over time, it seems that a shared standard of reference is established, which appears to lead judges to adjust moderate prosecutor demands less and extreme prosecutor demands more. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ironic impact of activists: Negative stereotypes reduce social change influence
Authors: Bashir Nadia Y. , Lockwood Penelope , Chasteen Alison L. , Nadolny Daniel , Noyes Indra
Published: October 2013

Despite recognizing the need for social change in areas such as social equality and environmental protection, individuals often avoid supporting such change. Researchers have previously attempted to understand this resistance to social change by examining individuals' perceptions of social issues and social change. We instead examined the possibility that individuals resist social change because they have negative stereotypes of activists, the agents of social change. Participants had negative stereotypes of activists (feminists and environmentalists), regardless of the domain of activism, viewing them as eccentric and militant. Furthermore, these stereotypes reduced participants' willingness to affiliate with ‘typical’ activists and, ultimately, to adopt the behaviours that these activists promoted. These results indicate that stereotypes and person perception processes more generally play a key role in creating resistance to social change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescent staining of protein in SDS polyacrylamide gels by salicylaldehyde azine
Authors: Ni Mao‐Wei , Ye Wei‐Jian , Cong Wei‐Tao , Hong Guo‐Ying , Zhu Zhong‐Xin , Duan Yuan‐Meng , Zhou Xuan , Jin Li‐Tai
Published: October 2013

As a noncovalent fluorescence probe, in this study, salicylaldehyde azine (SA) was introduced as a sensitive fluorescence‐based dye for detecting proteins both in 1D and 2D polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. Down to 0.2 ng of single protein band could be detected within 1 h, which is similar to that of glutaraldehyde‐silver stain, but approximately four times higher than that of SYPRO Ruby fluorescent stain. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the MS compatibility of SA stain with SYPRO Ruby stain indicated that SA stain is compatible with the downstream of protein identification by LC‐MS/MS. Additionally, the probable mechanism of the SA stain was investigated by molecular docking. The results demonstrated that the interaction between SA and protein was mainly contributed by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces.
Relatively high rates of G:C → A:T transitions at CpG sites were observed in certain epithelial tissues including pancreas and submaxillary gland of adult big blue® mice
Authors: Prtenjaca Anita , Tarnowski Heather E. , Marr Alison M. , Heney Melanie A. , Creamer Laura , Sathiamoorthy Sarmitha , Hill Kathleen A.
Published: October 2013

With few exceptions, spontaneous mutation frequency and pattern are similar across tissue types and relatively constant in young to middle adulthood in wild type mice. Underrepresented in surveys of spontaneous mutations across murine tissues is the diversity of epithelial tissues. For the first time, spontaneous mutations were detected in pancreas and submaxillary gland and compared with kidney, lung, and male germ cells from five adult male Big Blue® mice. Mutation load was assessed quantitatively through measurement of mutant and mutation frequency and qualitatively through identification of mutations and characterization of recurrent mutations, multiple mutations, mutation pattern, and mutation spectrum. A total of 9.6 million plaque forming units were screened, 226 mutants were collected, and 196 independent mutations were identified. Four novel mutations were discovered. Spontaneous mutation frequency was low in pancreas and high in the submaxillary gland. The submaxillary gland had multiple recurrent mutations in each of the mice and one mutant had two independent mutations. Mutation patterns for epithelial tissues differed from that observed in male germ cells with a striking bias for G:C to A:T transitions at CpG sites. A comprehensive review of lacI spontaneous mutation patterns in young adult mice and rats identified additional examples of this mutational bias. An overarching observation about spontaneous mutation frequency in adult tissues of the mouse remains one of stability. A repeated observation in certain epithelial tissues is a higher rate of G:C to A:T transitions at CpG sites and the underlying mechanisms for this bias are not known. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:51–63, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of in vivo genotoxicity induced by N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea, benzo[a]pyrene, and 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide in the Pig‐a and gpt assays
Authors: Horibata Katsuyoshi , Ukai Akiko , Kimoto Takafumi , Suzuki Tetsuya , Kamoshita Nagisa , Masumura Kenichi , Nohmi Takehiko , Honma Masamitsu
Published: October 2013

The recently developed Pig‐a mutation assay is based on flow cytometric enumeration of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor‐deficient red blood cells caused by a forward mutation in the Pig‐a gene. Because the assay can be conducted in nontransgenic animals and the mutations accumulate with repeat dosing, we believe that the Pig‐a assay could be integrated into repeat‐dose toxicology studies and provides an alternative to transgenic rodent (TGR) mutation assays. The capacity and characteristics of the Pig‐a assay relative to TGR mutation assays, however, are unclear. Here, using transgenic gpt delta mice, we compared the in vivo genotoxicity of single oral doses of N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU, 40 mg/kg), benzo[a]pyrene (BP, 100 and 200 mg/kg), and 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4NQO, 50 mg/kg) in the Pig‐a (peripheral blood) and gpt (bone marrow and liver) gene mutation assays. Pig‐a assays were conducted at 2, 4, and 7 weeks after the treatment, while gpt assays were conducted on tissues collected at the 7‐week terminal sacrifice. ENU increased both Pig‐a and gpt mutant frequencies (MFs) at all sampling times, and BP increased MFs in both assays but the Pig‐a MFs peaked at 2 weeks and then decreased. Although 4NQO increased gpt MFs in the liver, only weak, nonsignificant increases (two‐ or threefold above control) were detected in the bone marrow in both the Pig‐a and the gpt assay. These findings suggest that further studies are needed to elucidate the kinetics of the Pig‐a mutation assay in order to use it as an alternative to the TGR mutation assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 54:747–754, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.