bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards reciprocal links for frequency distribution using low backscattering hollow core fibers
Authors: Feng Zitong , Marra Giuseppe , Fokoua Eric Numkam , Sakr Hesham , Hayes John R. , Poletti Francesco , Richardson David J. , Slavík Radan
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate that optical frequency distribution using hollow core fiber links allows for the same backward and forward propagating signal carrier wavelength (due to low backscattering), potentially reducing non-reciprocal link noise.
Electro-optic frequency-comb generation in monolithically integrated, low-loss barium titanate waveguides
Authors: Möhl Charles , Convertino Clarissa , Eltes Felix , Seidler Paul
Published: August 2022

We present a monolithically integrated, low-loss photonic platform based on all-bariumtitanate ridge waveguides. The platform is used to demonstrate the first on-chip generation of electro-optic frequency combs in barium titanate.
Dissipative soliton generation and interaction in Chimera laser cavities
Authors: Nie Mingming , Li Bowen , Huang Shu-Wei
Published: August 2022

We theoretically unveil the mode-locking principle in microresonator-filtered laser cavities and predict chirped bright soliton with normal-dispersion microresonators. With ultrahigh-speed time magnifier, we experimentally observe real-time soliton rain harmonics and the first soliton Newton's cradle.
A Thin Film Barium Titanate-on-Insulator Optoelectronics Platform with Various Photonic Devices
Authors: Cao Yu , Ng Jun Da , Lin Hong-Lin , Shao Jianbo , Qi Luo , Siew Shawn Yohanes , Dogheche Elhadj , Danner Aaron J.
Published: August 2022

We present a thin-film barium titanate-on-insulator platform and its optical and electro-optic properties, some of which are superior to lithium niobate-on-insulator, and discuss our progress in device fabrication, performance, and some unique device architecture designs.
Scalable Multi-Channel Optical Waveform Generation with Lithium Niobate
Authors: Christen Ian , Propson Thomas , Menssen Adrian , Panuski Christopher , Ghadimi Amir , Englund Dirk
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate fast and accurate individual control over sixteen optical modes using integrated lithium niobate modulators. This result marks a first step towards realizing scalable optical hardware necessary for general quantum computation on atomic systems.
qp-SLM: An open-source holography suite for spatial light modulators
Authors: Mills Sivan Trajtenberg , Panuski Christopher , Christen Ian , Englund Dirk
Published: August 2022

We present qp-SLM, a python software package for high-performance control of phase-only spatial light modulators. We demonstrate qp-SLM for automated trimming of a 64-pixel photonic crystal SLM by picometer-precision thermal oxidation.
Improved rf Tolerance of Trap-Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors for Trapped-Ion Qubit State Readout
Authors: Hampel Benedikt , Slichter Daniel H. , Leibfried Dietrich , Mirin Richard P. , Nam Sae Woo , Verma Varun B.
Published: August 2022

The performance of ion-trap-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for trapped-ion qubit readout is significantly i mpacted b y r f trapping fields. We demonstrate an electrically-shielded trap-integrated detector with substantially improved rf tolerance.
On-chip Integration of High-Power Lasers and Thin-film Lithium Niobate Modulators
Authors: Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Renaud Dylan , Cheng Rebecca , Shao Linbo , He Lingyan , Zhu Di , Yu Mengjie , Grant Hannah R. , Johansson Leif , Zhang Mian , Lončar Marko
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate an electrically-pumped integrated high-power laser on thin-film lithium niobate with 60 and 25 mW of optical power in the passive and active devices, respectively.
Microscale Additive Assembly with Optical Tweezers
Authors: Melzer Jeffrey E. , Shultz Natalie K. , McLeod Euan
Published: August 2022

The ability to fabricate three-dimensional structures with microscale resolution is critical to many emerging applications. We use an optical tweezers platform with biochemical linking mechanism to assemble 3D structures consisting of hundreds of individual building blocks.
Sculpting multipoles for the optical pulling force in an unstructured light beam
Authors: Shi Yuzhi , Liu Jingquan , Liu Ai Qun , Tsai Din Ping , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Kivshar Yuri
Published: August 2022

We study optical forces acting on a triangular dielectric prism illuminated by a circularly polarized light and suggest a novel approach for engineering optical pulling forces by employing multipolar modes of Mie-resonant subwavelength particles.
Strong Anapole-Plasmon Coupling in Dielectric and Plasmon Nanocavities
Authors: Abdo Salah , Shee Y. G. , Abas A. F. , Alresheedi M. T. , Mahdi M. A.
Published: August 2022

We theoretically demonstrated a strong anapole-plasmon coupling in silicon nanodisk and two gold nanorods. The results showed a large Rabi splitting of 134 meV and large field enhancements at room temperature.
Demonstration of a Lossless Electron Beam Monochromator in an Ultrafast TEM Using Near-field THz Radiation
Authors: Yannai Michael , Adiv Yuval , Dahan Raphael , Gorlach Alexey , Rivera Nicholas , Wang Kangpeng , Kaminer Ido
Published: August 2022

We realize a lossless electron beam monochromator in an ultrafast transmission electron microscope. The monochromator uses a single-cycle in-situ THz emitter, reducing the electron energy spread by a factor of 2.8 without losing electrons.
Spectral and Temporal Shaping of Spectrally Incoherent UV Pulses by Sum-Frequency Generation
Authors: Dorrer Christophe , Spilatro Michael A.
Published: August 2022

We study via modeling and experiments the broadband sum-frequency generation of spectrally incoherent pulses from 1053 to 351 nm and demonstrate the generation of temporally and spectrally shaped ultraviolet pulses.
Long-distance Pulse Propagation of 50 Uncoupled Fiber Modes due to Topological Confinement
Authors: Ma Zelin , Khalid Muhammad Waleed , Ramachandran Siddharth
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate unmixed pulse propagation of 50 modes over ~0.5km of a fiber with average mode purity ~18dB and loss ~4dB/km exploiting a phenomenon where light guides due to topological confinement rather than total internal reflection.
Imaging Biophotonic Lasing Network in Optical Microresonators
Authors: Gong Chaoyang , Qiao Zhen , Chen Yu-Cheng
Published: August 2022

The concept of biophotonic lasing network is demonstrated by confining self-assembled amyloid fibril network in a Fabry-Perot cavity. Complex lasing dynamics were interpreted into a graph, revealing the optical connection in biological network.
Attachable 1D Photonic Crystal Laser Thin-Film for Strain Sensing
Authors: Lu Tsan-Wen , Wang Zhen-Yu , Lee Po-Tsung
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a photonic crystal laser embedded in a polymeric thin film, which can attach to the object's surface and show significant wavelength responses in bending, pressing, and gas pressure sensing via nanoclamps with strain-shaping.
Optical single-shot readout of near-telecom qubits with five second coherence times
Authors: Anderson Christopher P. , Glen Elena O. , Zeledon Cyrus , Bourassa Alexandre , Jin Yu , Zhu Yizhi , Vorwerk Christian , Crook Alexander L. , Abe Hiroshi , Ul-Hassan Jawad , Ohshima Takeshi , Son Nguyen T. , Galli Giulia , Awschalom David D.
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate single-shot readout of spin qubits in silicon carbide through spin-selective two-photon ionization and subsequent optical charge readout. We use this readout to measure single-spin electronic coherence times of over five seconds.
A Solid-State Multimode Long-Lived Optical Quantum Memory for Quantum Repeaters
Authors: Das Antariksha , Askarani Mohsen F. , Davidson Jacob H. , Amaral Gustavo C. , Sinclair Neil , Slater Joshua A. , Marzban Sara , Oblak Daniel , Thiel Charles W. , Cone Rufus L. , Tittel Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

In this work, we fabricate a multimode quantum memory out of a thuliumdoped crystal and demonstrate storage of laser pulses of up to 100 µsec. A significant step forward for creating quantum memories with long optical storage times.
Integrated Kerr Comb Link with Multi-Channel DWDM Silicon Photonic Receiver
Authors: Daudlin Stuart , Novick Asher , Hattink Maarten , Gopal Vignesh , Rizzo Anthony , Kim Bok Young , Ji Xingchen , Okawachi Yoshitomo , Gaeta Alexander , Lipson Michal , Bergman Keren
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate an error free silicon photonic receiver of a frequency-comb at 16Gb/s/λ that is the first to de-multiplex channels on-chip. These results pave the way to massively parallel links with chip-scale combs and transceivers.
Sub-decibel Efficiency, Bi-Layer, O-band Fiber-to-Chip Grating Coupler Demonstrated in a 45 nm CMOS Foundry Platform
Authors: Zhang Bohan , Gluhovic Dorde , Khilo Anatol , Popović Miloš A.
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a grating coupler with 0.85 dB fiber-to-chip coupling loss in the O-band (1,300 nm), implemented in a 45 nm CMOS foundry platform.
Hybrid photonic integration for multifunctional laser systems on a chip-scale platform
Authors: Zeng Siwei , Zhao Xiaolei , Zhu Yeyu , Sweatt Lance , Zhu Lin
Published: August 2022

We discuss our recent work in hybrid integration of III/V and Si3N4 PICs and demonstrate diode laser wavelength tuning and linewidth reduction, beam steering with multiple sources, coherent beam combining, and wavelength beam combining.
Sculpted Non-paraxial Light Fields: From Customization to Application and Identification
Authors: Otte Eileen , Tekce Kemal , Lamping Sebastian , Brongersma Mark L. , Ravoo Bart Jan , Denz Cornelia
Published: August 2022

We present the customization of non-paraxial structured light fields of 3D polarization and their application for optical manipulation of zeolite-L nanocontainers. Unlocking its full potential, we identify invisible non-paraxial properties by a self-assembled monolayer.
Hypergrating for Focusing Vortex Beam Below Diffraction Limit
Authors: Li Wenhao , Simmons Evan , LaMountain Jacob M , Podolskiy Viktor A. , Litchinitser Natalia M.
Published: August 2022

Light with an orbital angular momentum can strongly modify optical transition selection rules when beam size is reduced to subwavelength scale. We demonstrated a method for focusing orbital angular momentum beams below the diffraction limit.
Axial Characterization of Ultrafast Optical Vortices in Nonlinear Regime
Authors: Burger M. , Nees J. , Jovanovic I.
Published: August 2022

Circular arrangements of laser filaments p roduced b y v ortical b eams show promise for applications such as long-distance waveguiding. We examine the differences in linear and nonlinear propagation characteristics of beams with varying topological charge.
Generation and manipulation in parallel of a terahertz pulse train with sub-picosecond resolution
Authors: Nkeck Joel Edouard , Béliveau Louis-Philip , Ropagnol Xavier , Morris Denis , Blanchard François
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a new technique for the generation and the active modulation of a THz pulse train using the combination of a terahertz (THz) spintronic emitter with an echelon mirror and a digital micromirror device (DMD).
Exploiting Water Vapor for Security in Terahertz Wireless Links
Authors: Fang Zhaoji , Guerboukha Hichem , Shrestha Rabi , Hornbuckle Malachi , Amarasinghe Yasith , Mittleman Daniel M.
Published: August 2022

We experimentally demonstrate the terahertz wireless channel fading due to atmospheric water vapor attenuation and distortion, and propose a protocol of utilizing this effect for physical-layer security.
Optical Up-Conversion-Based Cross-Correlation of Terahertz-Wave Pulses
Authors: Takida Yuma , Nawata Kouji , Notake Takashi , Otsuji Taiichi , Minamide Hiroaki
Published: August 2022

We characterized a temporal profile of sub-nanosecond terahertz (THz)-wave pulses from an injection-seeded THz-wave parametric generator by using an optical up-conversion-based cross-correlation in a MgO-doped lithium niobate crystal.
Synchronization of a Terawatt Yb laser and TiSa laser at a fs-level for ultrafast dynamics experiments
Authors: Courjaud Antoine , Gontier Emilien , Mortz Arnaud , Jacob Côme , Lozan Olga , Vigroux Luc
Published: August 2022

We report on a 1.2 Terawatt Ytterbium laser delivering 515mJ with 435fs pulse duration at 50Hz repetition rate, electronically synchronized with a 4mJ 100fs 1kHz Ti:Sa laser with as low jitter as 3.2fs rms.
Fiber Laser Front-Ends for Next Generation X-Ray Free Electron Laser and Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Facilities
Authors: Mahnke C. , Liu M. , Hua Y. , Akcaalan Ö. , Li C. , Ma Y. , Tünnermann H. , Vidoli C. , Große-Wortmann U. , Darvill J. , Tavakol H. , Choudhuri A. , Mohr C. , Heyl C.M. , Winkelmann L. , Hartl I.
Published: August 2022

We present recent developments of Yb-fiber laser front-ends tailored for a variety of special needs for high repetition rate accelerator driven FEL and UED facilities.
Suspended Membrane Waveguides towards a Photonic Atom Trap Integrated Platform
Authors: Karl Nicholas , Gehl Michael , Kindel William , Orozco Adrian , Musick Katherine , Trotter Douglas , Dallo Christina , Starbuck Andrew , Leenheer Andrew , Derose Christopher , Biedermann Grant , Jau Yuan-Yu , Lee Jongmin
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate an optical waveguide device capable of supporting the optical power necessary for trapping a single atom or a cold-atom ensemble with evanescent fields. Our photonic integrated platform successfully manages optical powers of ~30mW.
An Integrated Platform for Collinear Beam Combination
Authors: Ropp Chad , Zhu Wenqi , Yulaev Alexander , Westly Daron A. , Simelgor Gregory , McClelland Jabez J. , Papp Scott , Agrawal Amit , Aksyuk Vladimir
Published: August 2022

We develop a photonic integrated chip and metasurface platform for collinearly combining laser beams at 813 nm and 698 nm wavelengths for the lattice and clock beams of a miniature atomic clock.
Electrooptic Intermodal Interference in Silicate Fibers with Internal Electrodes
Authors: Pereira João Manoel Barbosa , Grüner-Nielsen Lars , Rottwitt Karsten , Laurell Fredrik , Margulis Walter
Published: August 2022

The electrooptic effect is used in a few-mode fiber to control intermodal interference. The fiber has internal electrodes and is poled to increase its electrooptic coefficient. The response time is in the nanosecond range.
Deep-learning Enabled Direct Detection of 42-GBaud Complex-valued DSB 16-QAM Signal
Authors: Li Xingfeng , An Shaohua , Li Jingchi , Ji Honglin , Liu Hudi , Shieh William , Su Yikai
Published: August 2022

A 42-GBaud complex-valued double-sideband 16-QAM signal is transmitted over 80-km SMF using deep-learning enabled direct detection. We achieve the highest baud rate of 42 GBaud in the complex-valued double-sideband direct detection systems.
Model-Based Deep Learning of Joint Probabilistic and Geometric Shaping for Optical Communication
Authors: Neskorniuk Vladislav , Carnio Andrea , Marsella Domenico , Turitsyn Sergei K. , Prilepsky Jaroslaw E. , Aref Vahid
Published: August 2022

Autoencoder-based deep learning is applied to jointly optimize geometric and probabilistic constellation shaping for optical coherent communication. The optimized constellation shaping outperforms the 256 QAM Maxwell-Boltzmann probabilistic distribution with extra 0.05 bits/4D-symbol mutual information for 64 GBd transmission over 170 km SMF link.
Neural Network Assisted Ditherless Bias Control for Optical IQ Modulator Using Relative Detection
Authors: Wu Jinyang , Huang Jiaqi , Zhang Shenmao , Chen Zhuo , Ao Xueyuan , Dai Xiaoxiao , Yang Qi , Cheng Mengfan , Deng Lei , Liu Deming
Published: August 2022

We propose a ditherless bias control algorithm, which uses relative detection and neural network to predict bias state. Experimental results show the precision is 1.5% and 0.3% of 2V
π
for bias IQ and P.
EVM Estimation for Performance Monitoring in Coherent Optical Systems: An Approach of Linear Regression
Authors: Fan Yuchuan , Pang Xiaodan , Udalcovs Aleksejs , Natalino Carlos , Zhang Lu , Spolitis Sandis , Bobrovs Vjaceslavs , Schatz Richard , Yu Xianbin , Furdek Marija , Popov Sergei , Ozolins Oskars
Published: August 2022

We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of a simple linear regression scheme for optical performance monitoring when applied after modulation format identification. It outperforms the FFNN-based benchmark scheme providing 0.2% mean absolute error for EVM estimation.
Enhanced-Precision Displacement Measurements Using Position-Entangled Photon Pairs
Authors: Sharma Aditya N. , Krafczyk Courtney , Jordan Andrew N. , Kwiat Paul G.
Published: August 2022

Optical split detection is a common technique for measuring displacement. We experimentally demonstrate split-detection measurements using entangled photons. This scheme may be applicable to precision measurements requiring low light intensity, to avoid disturbing a sample.
THz Detectors with Photoconductive Metasurfaces Operating at Microwatt Gate Power Levels
Authors: Hale Lucy L , Harris Charles Thomas , Luk Ting Shan , Addamane Sadhvikas J , Reno John L , Brener Igal , Mitrofanov Oleg
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate terahertz (THz) detectors enabling high signal-to-noise ratio photoconductive detection at gate powers as low as 5μW. This is achieved by integrating a photoconductive metasurface, which enhances the detector efficiency and sensitivity.
Landau Polaritons in a Full-Dielectric Three-Dimensional Photonic-Crystal Cavity
Authors: Tay Fuyang , Mojibpour Ali , Liang Shuang , Baydin Andrey , Ahmadivand Arash , Peraca Nicolas Marquez , Xu Hongjing , Gardner Geoff C. , Manfra Michael J. , Hagenmüller David , Kono Junichiro
Published: August 2022

We fabricated a full-dielectric three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavity containing an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas. By applying a strong perpendicular magnetic field, we created Landau polaritons originating from the ultrastrong coupling of electrons with cavity modes.
Continuous-Wave Four-Wave Mixing Efficiency-Bandwidth Tradeoff Study in Meter-Long Silicon Nitride Waveguides
Authors: Ayan Arman , Liu Junqiu , Kippenberg Tobias , Brès Camille-Sophie
Published: August 2022

Continuous-wave four-wave mixing conversion efficiency-bandwidth trade-off in silicon nitride waveguides is investigated to reach efficient and broadband wavelength conversion. Additionally, parametric gain and efficient cascaded four-wave mixing is observed.
Efficiency of pulse pumped microcavity solitons
Authors: Li Jiang , Bao Chengying , Ji Qing-Xin , Wang Heming , Wu Lue , Leifer Stephanie , Beichman Charles , Vahala Kerry
Published: August 2022

Pulsed pumping of a silica microcavity is used to generate single-soliton microcombs with conversion efficiency of 54%. Analytical expressions are developed by the Lagrangian approach and applied to model the results.
Experimental Investigation into Optimum Laser Coupling Efficiency into Hollow-Core NANFs
Authors: Zuba Viktor , Mulvad Hans Christian H. , Slavík Radan , Sakr Hesham , Poletti Francesco , Richardson David J. , Fokoua Eric Numkam
Published: August 2022

Over 94 % coupling efficiency is presented experimentally for a Gaussian-beam into an antiresonant hollow-core fiber optimized for 2nd order antiresonance guidance at 1064 nm, which demonstrates approximately 1.5 % (0.06 dB) improvement over the 1st window counterpart.
Saturated absorption spectroscopy using azimuthally structured mode in hollow-core fiber
Authors: Billotte Thomas , Osório Jonas , Amrani Foued , Gérôme Frédéric , Debord Benoît , Benabid Fetah
Published: August 2022

We report on saturated-absorption-spectroscopy in acetylene-filled hollow-core fiber using azimuthally-structured fiber modes. The results show rotational-frequency-shift of 11 MHz and 2-fold contrast enhancement of the saturated signal when using with LP11 mode over LP01 mode.
Hollow-core fibers with ultralow loss in the ultraviolet range and sub-thermodynamic equilibrium surface-roughness
Authors: Osório J. H. , Amrani F. , Delahaye F. , Dhaybi A. , Vasko K. , Tessier G. , Giovanardi F. , Vincetti L. , Debord B. , Gérôme F. , Benabid F.
Published: August 2022

We report on hollow-core fibers displaying rms core roughness under the surface capillary waves thermodynamic limit and record loss in the short-wavelength range (50.0dB/km at 290nm, 9.7dB/km at 369nm, 5.0dB/km at 480nm, 0.9dB/km at 558nm).
Gas flowing effect in anti-resonant hollow core fibers for thermal sensitivity reduction
Authors: Sun Yizhi , Liang Zhi , Gao Shoufei , Sheng Yulin , Zhang Zhe , Jia Anqing , Ding Wei , Wang Yingying
Published: August 2022

The gas flow in hollow core fibers is studied in dynamic conditions of temperature variation theoretically and experimentally. The results of an over 40-fold reduction of thermal sensitivity relative to standard single-mode fibers are identified.
Radio-frequency arbitrary waveform generation through spectral line-by-line shaping with optical dual-microresonator solitons
Authors: Wang Beichen , Yang Zijiao , Sun Shuman , Yi Xu
Published: August 2022

Radio-frequency arbitrary waveform generation through line-by-line Fourier synthesis is demonstrated with optical dual-microresonator solitons. A variety of wave-forms including Gaussian, triangle, square shapes are generated.
Vernier Frequency Combs for Stabilization of RF/Optical Links
Authors: O’Malley Nathan P. , Wang Cong , Girardi Marcello , Fatema Saleha , Ye Zhichao , Alshaykh Mohammed S. , Leaird Daniel E. , Qi Minghao , Torres-Company Victor , Weiner Andrew M.
Published: August 2022

We utilize the Vernier effect to partially stabilize a pair of high repetition rate, octave-spanning Kerr solitons in silicon nitride microrings fabricated on the same wafer.
Broadband Optoelectronic Mixer for Optical Frequency Division and Synthesis
Authors: Zang Jizhao , Morgan Jesse S. , Beling Andreas , Papp Scott B.
Published: August 2022

We report broadband optoelectronic mixers based on high-speed modified uni-travelling carrier photodiodes. Up to 500 GHz frequency mixing has been demonstrated without any other high-frequency components.
RF signal processing by photonic-assisted coherent control of acoustic wave interference
Authors: Kim Hyeongpin , Shin Heedeuk
Published: August 2022

We report coherent control of the acoustic wave interference effects via stimulated Brillouin scattering on a silicon photonic chip. This acoustic wave interference enables RF signal amplification and cancellation on the hybrid photonic-phononic system.
Photonic Spiking Neural Network with Resonant Tunnelling Diode Optoelectronic Neurons
Authors: Hejda Matěj , Alanis Juan Arturo , Ortega-Piwonka Ignacio , Figueiredo José , Lourenço João , Javaloyes Julien , Romeira Bruno , Hurtado Antonio
Published: August 2022

We report high-speed, energy-efficient artificial optoelectronic spiking neurons based upon resonant tunnelling diodes (RTD). Using these, we demonstrate a photonic spiking neural network (perceptron) numerical model for classification of spatiotemporal pulse patterns with 94% accuracy.
Finding the Right Deep Neural Network Model for Efficient Design of Tunable Nanophotonic Devices
Authors: Jung Minwoo , Kojima Keisuke , Koike-Akino Toshiaki , Wang Ye , Zhu Dayu , Brand Matthew
Published: August 2022

We develop generative deep neural networks that explore relevant statistical structures to expedite a complex inverse design of nanophotonic on-chip wavelength de-multiplexer. Our design, targeting at telecomm-wavelengths, is electrically switchable via liquid crystal tuning.
Non-Hermitian Engineered Low Power Thermo-Optic Silicon Phase Shifter
Authors: Chang Chang , Li Ting , Wu Yulin , Zhou Peiji , Zou Yi
Published: August 2022

We present a fast response, energy-efficient thermo-optic silicon phase shifter based on Non-Hermitian engineering. A 500 kHz bandwidth and a 1.72 mW -phase-shift (Pπ) power consumption are demonstrated at 1550 nm wavelength.
Terahertz Electric Field Microscopy of Ultrafast Near-fields
Authors: Heindl Moritz B. , Kirkwood Nicholas , Lauster Tobias , Lang Julia A. , Retsch Markus , Mulvaney Paul , Herink Georg
Published: August 2022

We present a new ultrafast field microscope based on the visible luminescence of semiconductor quantum dots. The quantum-confined Stark-effect enables the resolution of Terahertz near-fields beyond the diffraction limit.
Inverse Spectral Design of Microcombs: Meta-Dispersion in Photonic-Crystal Ring Resonators
Authors: Lucas Erwan , Yu Su-Peng , Briles Travis , Carlson David , Papp Scott B.
Published: August 2022

Inverse design is used to spectrally shape Kerr microcombs via dispersion optimization. We experimentally demonstrate flexible ‘meta’ dispersion control using selective multimode hybridization in photonic crystal ring resonators and present initial comb results.
Tunable lasers by optical parametric oscillation in photonic-crystal resonators
Authors: Black Jennifer A. , Yu Su-Peng , Zang Jizhao , Carlson David R. , Briles Travis , Papp Scott B.
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate laser-wavelength access by design of optical parametric oscillation in photonic crystal resonators. Our experiments and theoretical modeling elucidate coupled bi-directional oscillation that we can jointly optimize for wavelength tuning and efficiency.
Mie-resonant metaphotonics
Authors: Kivshar Yuri
Published: August 2022

We introduce the recently emerged field of Mie-resonant metaphotonics and discuss spatial and temporal control of light by employing multipolar electric and magnetic Mie resonances and the physics of bound states in the continuum.
Observation of Optomechanical Solitons and Cnoidal Waves in Optical Microresonators
Authors: Fu Zhoutian , Yang Lan
Published: August 2022

We report the observation of mechanical solitons and cnoidal waves in optical microresonators. We study the driving forces for the soliton generation and explore possible soliton interaction in the optomechanical system.
Impact of frequency-dependent nonlinearity on soliton trajectory in microstructured optical fiber
Authors: Bose Surajit , Melchert Oliver , Willms Stephanie , Babushkin Ihar , Morgner Uwe , Demircan Ayhan , Agrawal Govind
Published: August 2022

We show that the frequency dependence of the nonlinear parameter has a significant impact on the evolution of femtosecond solitons inside microstructured optical fibers. For realistic modeling of nonlinear processes, several higher-order nonlinear terms are added.
Low-loss Germanium-on-Silicon Waveguides and Ring Resonators for the Mid-Wave Infrared
Authors: Morgan Rachel , Heidelberger Christopher , Kharas Dave , Cahoy Kerri , Sorace-Agaskar Cheryl
Published: August 2022

Low-loss germanium-on-silicon waveguides for 4.6 µm light are demonstrated in both rectangular (loss= 1.7 dB/cm) and rib (0.6 dB/cm) waveguide geometries. High-Q microring resonator filters (Q= 93,400) are also demonstrated.
High-Q Silicon-Germanium On-Chip Ring Resonator in the Mid-Infrared
Authors: Armand Rémi , Perestjuk Marko , Torre Alberto Della , Sinobad Milan , Mitchell Arnan , Boes Andreas , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Fedeli Jean-Marc , Reboud Vincent , Monat Christelle , Grillet Christian
Published: August 2022

We report a high-Q ring resonator in the mid-infrared in a silicon-germanium on silicon chip-based platform. The side-coupled ring exhibits a loaded Q-factor of 90,000 at the operating wavelength around 4.18 µm.
Multimode Interferometer in Lithium Niobate-on-Insulator centered at 780 nm
Authors: Pohl David , Kellner Jost , Kaufmann Fabian , Maeder Andreas , Martínez-García Alfonso , Reig-Escalé Marc , Grange Rachel
Published: August 2022

We present the modelling and fabrication of a 1x2 multimode interferometer in lithium niobate-on-insulator operating close to visible around 780 nm. We measure low excess loss of 0.16 ± 0.21 dB and extinction ratios up to 30 dB.
On-chip lithium niobate isolators at 780 nm with nm-scale tuning bandwidth
Authors: Örsel Oğulcan E. , Sohn Donggyu Benjamin , Bahl Gaurav
Published: August 2022

We experimentally demonstrate frequency tuning of on-chip electrically-driven isolators at 780 nm via thermo-optic control. Coarse tuning of up to 1 nm (6 mode pairs) is demonstrated, and can increase the operational bandwidth of the device.
Fabrication of a bionic compound eye on a curved surface by using a self-assembly technique
Authors: Xu Miao , Li Senhao , Li Jing , Zhang Lyudi , Lu Hongbo
Published: August 2022

Microlens arrays on curved surfaces are regarded as critical elements of bionic compound eyes (BCEs), which exhibit the comparative advantages of a wide field of view and tracking fast-moving objects. However, the fabrication of a curved microlens array is still challenging. Along these lines, in this work, a straightforward, rapid, and low-cost technique for the fabrication of curved microlens arrays is reported by using the self-assembly technique. A reactive ion etching process treated the surface of the curved polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate to generate a hydrophobic-hydrophilic pattern. Then, the curved microlens array can be realized by dewetting a liquid glue onto the substrate using the dip-coating method and followed by crosslinking. The proposed BCE structure consists of 2400 microlenses (400 - µm diameter and 440 - µm center distance) arranged in a hexagonal configuration on a curved PDMS surface (34 - mm diameter and 40.4 - mm curvature radius). A field-of-view of 50° was demonstrated, which has potential applications in various fields including imaging sensors, medical diagnostics, machine vision systems, and photodetectors.
Gallium nitride-based resonant cavity light-emitting diode with single-longitudinal-mode emission
Authors: Zhao Shuyu , Xu Binbin , Zhao Zhenyu , Gu Dandan , Zhang Yan , Lv Wenlong , Lv Xueqin
Published: August 2022

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, gallium nitride (GaN)-based resonant cavity light-emitting diode (RCLED) with single-longitudinal-mode light emission was demonstrated. A Ta2O5/SiO2 dielectric distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) with a filter-film structure was adopted as the top mirror. In contrast to the flat-topped reflectivity spectrum of the conventional high-reflective-structure DBR, for this filter-film-structure DBR, there is a light-transmitting concave band on the reflectivity spectrum. Owing to the modulation effect of this band on the output light, a single-longitudinal-mode light emission with a full width at half maximum as low as 0.63 nm was realized. Furthermore, the novel RCLED exhibited better wavelength stability. With an increase in the injection current from 50 to 500 mA, the redshift of the emission peak was only 0.2 nm. This novel RCLED with ultra-narrowband emission has a high potential for application in optical communication systems and optical fiber sensing applications.
Strong circular dichroism for the HE11 mode in twisted single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fiber: erratum
Authors: Roth P. , Chen Y. , Günendi M. C. , Beravat R. , Edavalath N. N. , Frosz M. H. , Ahmed G. , Wong G. K. L. , St.J. Russell P.
Published: August 2022

Recent work has revealed that the dispersion relation, given in Optica 5,
1315 (2018)10.1364/OPTICA.5.001315, for helical Bloch
modes in a ring of capillaries surrounding a central hollow core, is
incorrect. Here we correct this error and provide a revised version of
Fig. 2. The overall conclusions of the original paper are
unaffected.
Regional and developmental characteristics of human embryo mosaicism revealed by single cell sequencing
Authors: Ren Yixin , Yan Zhiqiang , Yang Ming , Keller Laura , Zhu Xiaohui , Lian Ying , Liu Qi , Li Rong , Zhai Fan , Nie Yanli , Yan Liying , Smith Gary D. , Qiao Jie
Published: August 2022

Chromosomal mosaicism is common throughout human pre- and post-implantation development. However, the incidence and characteristics of mosaicism in human blastocyst remain unclear. Concerns and confusions still exist regarding the interpretation of chromosomal mosaicism on preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) results and embryo development. Here, we aimed to estimate the genetic concordance between trophectoderm (TE), inner cell mass (ICM) and the corresponding human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and to explore the characteristics of mosaicism in human blastocyst and hESCs on a single cell level. The single cell sequencing results of TE cells indicated that 65.71% of the blastocysts were mosaic (23 in 35 embryos), while the ICM sequencing results suggested that 60.00% of the blastocysts were mosaic (9 in 15 embryos). The incidence of mosaicism for the corresponding hESCs was 33.33% (2 in 6 embryos). No significant difference was observed between the mosaic rate of TE and that of ICM. However, the mosaic rate of the corresponding hESCs was significantly lower than that of TE and ICM cells, suggesting that the incidence of mosaicism may decline during embryonic development. Upon single cell sequencing, we found several “complementary” copy number variations (CNVs) that were usually not revealed in clinical PGT-A which used multi-cell DNA sequencing (or array analysis). This indicates the potential diagnostic risk of PGT-A based multi-cell analysis routinely in clinical practice. This study provided new insights into the characteristics, and considerable influences, of mosaicism on human embryo development, as well as the clinical risks of PGT-A based on multi-cell biopsies and bulk DNA assays.
Civil war and death in Yemen: Analysis of SMART survey and ACLED data, 2012–2019
Authors: Guha Sapir Debarati , Ogbu Jideofor Thomas , Scales Sarah Elizabeth , de Almeida Maria Moitinho , Donneau Anne-Francoise , Diep Anh , Bernstein Robyn , al-Masnai Akram , Rodriguez-Llanes Jose Manuel , Burnham Gilbert
Published: August 2022

Conflict in Yemen has displaced millions and destroyed health infrastructure, resulting in the world’s largest humanitarian disaster. The objective of this paper is to examine mortality in Yemen to determine whether it has increased significantly since the conflict began in 2015 compared to the preceding period. We analysed 91 household surveys using the Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions methodology, covering 2,864 clusters undertaken from 2012–2019, and deaths from Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project database covering the conflict period 2015–2019. We used a Poisson-Gamma model to estimate pre-conflict (μp, baseline value) and conflict period (μc) mean death rates using household survey data from 2012–2019. To analyse changes in the distribution of deaths and estimate nationwide excess deaths, we applied pre- and post-conflict death rates to total population numbers. Further, we tested for association between excess death and security levels by governorate. The national estimated crude death rate/10,000 in the conflict period was 0.20 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.24), which is meaningfully higher than the estimated baseline rate of 0.19 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.22). Applying the conflict period rate to the Yemeni population, we estimated 168,212 excess deaths that occurred between 2015 and 2019. There was an 17.8% increase in overall deaths above the baseline during the conflict period. A large share (67.2%) of the excess deaths were due to combat-related violence. At the governorate level, posterior crude death rate varied across the country, ranging from 0.03 to 0.63 per 10,000 per day. Hajjah, Ibb, and Al Jawf governorates presented the highest total excess deaths. Insecurity level was not statistically associated with excess deaths. The health situation in Yemen was poor before the crisis in 2015. During the conflict, intentional violence from air and ground strikes were responsible for more deaths than indirect or non-violent causes. The provision of humanitarian aid by foreign agencies may have helped contain increases in indirect deaths from the conflict.
Bothrops moojeni snake venom induces an inflammatory response in preadipocytes: Insights into a new aspect of envenomation
Authors: Maia-Marques Rodrigo , Teixeira Danilo Santos , Janovits Priscila Motta , DeOcesano-Pereira Carlos , Leiguez Elbio , Teixeira Catarina
Published: August 2022

Bothropsenvenomation is a public health problem in Brazil. Despite the advances in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of systemic and local effects induced byBothropsvenom, the target tissues to this venom are not completely characterised. As preadipocytes are important cells of the adipose tissue and synthesize inflammatory mediators, we investigated the ability ofB.moojenisnake venom (Bmv) to stimulate an inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 preadipocytesin vitro, focusing on (1) the release of PGE2, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, KC, leptin and adiponectin; (2) the mechanisms involved in PGE2release and (3) differentiation of these cells. Cytotoxicity of Bmv was determined by MTT assay. The concentrations of PGE2, cytokines and adipokines were quantified by EIA. Participation of the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, NF-κB and PGE2receptors (EP1-4) was assessed using a pharmacological approach, and protein expression of the COX enzymes and P-NF-κB was analysed by western blotting. Preadipocyte differentiation was quantified by Oil Red O staining. Bmv (1 μg/mL) induced release of PGE2, IL-6 and KC and increased expression of COX-2 in preadipocytes. Basal levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, leptin and adiponectin were not modified. Treatment of cells with SC560 (COX-1 inhibitor) and NS398 (COX-2 inhibitor) inhibited Bmv-induced PGE2release. Bmv induced phosphorylation of NF-κB, and treatment of the cells with TPCK and SN50, which inhibit distinct NF-κB domains, significantly reduced Bmv-induced PGE2release, as did the treatment with an antagonist of PGE2receptor EP1, unlike treatment with antagonists of EP2, EP3 or EP4. Bmv also induced lipid accumulation in differentiating cells. These results demonstrate that Bmv can activate an inflammatory response in preadipocytes by inducing the release of inflammatory mediators; that PGE2production is mediated by the COX-1, COX-2 and NF-κB pathways; and that engagement of EP1 potentiates PGE2synthesis via a positive feedback mechanism. Our findings highlight the role of the adipose tissue as another target for Bmv and suggest that it contributes toBothropsenvenomation by producing inflammatory mediators.
Epidemiologic and environmental characterization of the Re-emergence of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus in California, 2015–2020
Authors: Danforth Mary E. , Snyder Robert E. , Feiszli Tina , Bullick Teal , Messenger Sharon , Hanson Carl , Padgett Kerry , Coffey Lark L. , Barker Christopher M. , Reisen William K. , Kramer Vicki L.
Published: August 2022

St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is an endemic flavivirus in the western and southeastern United States, including California. From 1938 to 2003, the virus was detected annually in California, but after West Nile virus (WNV) arrived in 2003, SLEV was not detected again until it re-emerged in Riverside County in 2015. The re-emerging virus in California and other areas of the western US is SLEV genotype III, which previously had been detected only in Argentina, suggesting a South American origin. This study describes SLEV activity in California since its re-emergence in 2015 and compares it to WNV activity during the same period. From 2015 to 2020, SLEV was detected in 1,650 mosquito pools and 26 sentinel chickens, whereas WNV was detected concurrently in 18,108 mosquito pools and 1,542 sentinel chickens from the same samples. There were 24 reported human infections of SLEV in 10 California counties, including two fatalities (case fatality rate: 8%), compared to 2,469 reported human infections of WNV from 43 California counties, with 143 fatalities (case fatality rate: 6%). From 2015 through 2020, SLEV was detected in 17 (29%) of California’s 58 counties, while WNV was detected in 54 (93%). Although mosquitoes and sentinel chickens have been tested routinely for arboviruses in California for over fifty years, surveillance has not been uniform throughout the state. Of note, since 2005 there has been a steady decline in the use of sentinel chickens among vector control agencies, potentially contributing to gaps in SLEV surveillance. The incidence of SLEV disease in California may have been underestimated because human surveillance for SLEV relied on an environmental detection to trigger SLEV patient screening and mosquito surveillance effort is spatially variable. In addition, human diagnostic testing usually relies on changes in host antibodies and SLEV infection can be indistinguishable from infection with other flaviviruses such as WNV, which is more prevalent.
Genome-wide screening identified SEC61A1 as an essential factor for mycolactone-dependent apoptosis in human premonocytic THP-1 cells
Authors: Kawashima Akira , Kiriya Mitsuo , En Junichiro , Tanigawa Kazunari , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Fujiwara Yoko , Luo Yuqian , Maruyama Keiji , Watanabe Shigekazu , Goto Masamichi , Suzuki Koichi
Published: August 2022

Buruli ulcer is a chronic skin disease caused by a toxic lipid mycolactone produced byMycobacterium ulcerans, which induces local skin tissue destruction and analgesia. However, the cytotoxicity pathway induced by mycolactone remains largely unknown. Here we investigated the mycolactone-induced cell death pathway by screening host factors using a genome-scale lenti-CRISPR mutagenesis assay in human premonocytic THP-1 cells. As a result, 884 genes were identified as candidates causing mycolactone-induced cell death, among whichSEC61A1, the α-subunit of the Sec61 translocon complex, was the highest scoring. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing ofSEC61A1in THP-1 cells suppressed mycolactone-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, especially eIF2α phosphorylation, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Although previous studies have reported that mycolactone targets SEC61A1 based on mutation screening and structural analysis in several cell lines, we have reconfirmed that SEC61A1 is a mycolactone target by genome-wide screening in THP-1 cells. These results shed light on the cytotoxicity of mycolactone and suggest that the inhibition of mycolactone activity or SEC61A1 downstream cascades will be a novel therapeutic modality to eliminate the harmful effects of mycolactone in addition to the 8-week antibiotic regimen of rifampicin and clarithromycin.
OverFlap PCR: A reliable approach for generating plasmid DNA libraries containing random sequences without a template bias
Authors: Linars Artis , Silamikelis Ivars , Gudra Dita , Roga Ance , Fridmanis Davids
Published: August 2022

Over the decades, practical biotechnology researchers have aimed to improve naturally occurring proteins and create novel ones. It is widely recognized that coupling protein sequence randomization with various effect screening methodologies is one of the most powerful techniques for quickly, efficiently, and purposefully acquiring these desired improvements. Over the years, considerable advancements have been made in this field. However, developing PCR-based or template-guided methodologies has been hampered by resultant template sequence biases. Here, we present a novel whole plasmid amplification-based approach, which we named OverFlap PCR, for randomizing virtually any region of plasmid DNA without introducing a template sequence bias.
Nitrite lowers the oxygen cost of ATP supply in cultured skeletal muscle cells by stimulating the rate of glycolytic ATP synthesis
Authors: Wynne Anthony G. , Affourtit Charles
Published: August 2022

Dietary nitrate lowers the oxygen cost of human exercise. This effect has been suggested to result from stimulation of coupling efficiency of skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation by reduced nitrate derivatives. In this paper, we report the acute effects of sodium nitrite on the bioenergetic behaviour of cultured rat (L6) myocytes. At odds with improved efficiency of mitochondrial ATP synthesis, extracellular flux analysis reveals that a ½-hour exposure to NaNO2 (0.1–5 μM) does not affect mitochondrial coupling efficiency in static myoblasts or in spontaneously contracting myotubes. Unexpectedly, NaNO2 stimulates the rate of glycolytic ATP production in both myoblasts and myotubes. Increased ATP supply through glycolysis does not emerge at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation, which means that NaNO2 acutely increases the rate of overall myocellular ATP synthesis, significantly so in myoblasts and tending towards significance in contractile myotubes. Notably, NaNO2 exposure shifts myocytes to a more glycolytic bioenergetic phenotype. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption does not decrease after NaNO2 exposure, and non-mitochondrial respiration tends to drop. When total ATP synthesis rates are expressed in relation to total cellular oxygen consumption rates, it thus transpires that NaNO2 lowers the oxygen cost of ATP supply in cultured L6 myocytes.
Numerical study on advective fog formation and its characteristic associated with cold water upwelling
Authors: Park Soon-Young , Yoo Jung-Woo , Song Sang-Keun , Kim Cheol-Hee , Lee Soon-Hwan
Published: August 2022

Recent rapid industrial development in the Korean Peninsula has increased the impacts of meteorological disasters on marine and coastal environments. In particular, marine fog driven by summer cold water masses can inhibit transport and aviation; yet a lack of observational data hinders our understanding of this phenomena. The present study aimed to analyze the differences in cold water mass formation according to sea surface temperature (SST) resolution and its effects on the occurrence and distribution of sea fog over the Korean Peninsula from June 23–July 1, 2016, according to the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Data from the Final Operational Model Global Tropospheric Analyses were provided at 1° and 0.25° resolutions and NOAA real-time global SST (RTG-SST) data were provided at 0.083°. While conventional analyses have used initial SST distributions throughout the entire simulation period, small-scale, rapidly developing oceanic phenomena (e.g., cold water masses) lasting for several days act as an important mediating factor between the lower atmosphere and sea. RTG-SST was successful at identifying fog presence and maintained the most extensive horizontal distribution of cold water masses. In addition, it was confirmed that the difference in SST resolution led to varying sizes and strengths of the warm pools that provided water vapor from the open sea area to the atmosphere. On examining the horizontal water vapor transport and the vertical structure of the generated sea fog using the RTG-SST, water vapors were found to be continuously introduced by the southwesterly winds from June 29 to 30, creating a fog event throughout June 30. Accordingly, high-resolution SST data must be input into numerical models whenever possible. It is expected that the findings of this study can contribute to the reduction of ship accidents via the accurate simulation of sea fog.