bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Discovery of Functional Mutant Alleles in Cancer
Authors: Chang Matthew T. , Bhattarai Tripti Shrestha , Schram Alison M. , Bielski Craig M. , Donoghue Mark T.A. , Jonsson Philip , Chakravarty Debyani , Phillips Sarah , Kandoth Cyriac , Penson Alexander , Gorelick Alexander , Shamu Tambudzai , Patel Swati , Harris Christopher , Gao JianJiong , Sumer Selcuk Onur , Kundra Ritika , Razavi Pedram , Li Bob T. , Reales Dalicia N. , Socci Nicholas D. , Jayakumaran Gowtham , Zehir Ahmet , Benayed Ryma , Arcila Maria E. , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Ladanyi Marc , Schultz Nikolaus , Baselga José , Berger Michael F. , Rosen Neal , Solit David B. , Hyman David M. , Taylor Barry S.
Published: December 2017

Most mutations in cancer are rare, which complicates the identification of therapeutically significant mutations and thus limits the clinical impact of genomic profiling in patients with cancer. Here, we analyzed 24,592 cancers including 10,336 prospectively sequenced patients with advanced disease to identify mutant residues arising more frequently than expected in the absence of selection. We identified 1,165 statistically significant hotspot mutations of which 80% arose in 1 in 1,000 or fewer patients. Of 55 recurrent in-frame indels, we validated that novel AKT1 duplications induced pathway hyperactivation and conferred AKT inhibitor sensitivity. Cancer genes exhibit different rates of hotspot discovery with increasing sample size, with few approaching saturation. Consequently, 26% of all hotspots in therapeutically actionable oncogenes were novel. Upon matching a subset of affected patients directly to molecularly targeted therapy, we observed radiographic and clinical responses. Population-scale mutant allele discovery illustrates how the identification of driver mutations in cancer is far from complete.

Significance: Our systematic computational, experimental, and clinical analysis of hotspot mutations in approximately 25,000 human cancers demonstrates that the long right tail of biologically and therapeutically significant mutant alleles is still incompletely characterized. Sharing prospective genomic data will accelerate hotspot identification, thereby expanding the reach of precision oncology in patients with cancer. Cancer Discov; 8(2); 174–83. ©2017 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 127
Time-to-Effect–Based Dosing Strategy for Cryoballoon Ablation in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ferrero-de-Loma-Osorio Ángel , García-Fernández Amaya , Castillo-Castillo Jesús , Izquierdo-de-Francisco Maite , Ibáñez-Críado Alicia , Moreno-Arribas Jose , Martínez Angel , Bertomeu-González Vicente , López-Mases Patricia , Ajo-Ferrer María , Núñez Carlos , Bondanza-Saavedra Lourdes , Sánchez-Gómez Juan Miguel , Martínez-Martínez Juan Gabriel , Chorro-Gascó Francisco Javier , Ruiz-Granell Ricardo
Published: December 2017

Background

The optimal dosage of cryotherapy during cryoballoon ablation of pulmonary veins is still unclear. This trial tested the noninferiority of a novel, individualized, cryotherapy-dosing strategy for each vein.

Methods and Results

This prospective, randomized, multicenter, noninferiority study included 140 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, which was refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. Patients were randomly assigned to a conventional strategy of 180-second cryoballoon applications per vein with a bonus freeze (control group, n=70) or to a shorter-time application protocol, with 1 application that lasted the time required for electric block time to effect plus 60- and a 120-second freeze bonus (study group, n=70). Patients were followed with a long-term monitoring system of 30 days. At 1-year follow-up, no difference was observed in terms of free atrial fibrillation-recurrence rates: 79.4% in control versus 78.3% in study group (Δ=1.15%; 90% confidence interval, −10.33% to 12.63%;
P
=0.869). Time to effect was detected in 72.1% of veins. The control and study groups had similar mean number of applications per patient (9.6±2 versus 9.9±2.4;
P
=0.76). Compared with controls, the study group had a significantly shorter cryotherapy time (28.3±7 versus 19.4±4.3 minutes;
P
<0.001), left atrium time (104±25 versus 92±23 minutes;
P
<0.01), and total procedure time (135±35 versus 119±31 minutes;
P
<0.01). No differences were observed in complications or acute reconnections.

Conclusions

The new time-to-effect–based cryotherapy dosage protocol led to shorter cryotherapy and procedure times, with equal safety, and similar acute and 1-year follow-up results, compared with the conventional approach.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02789358.
Trends in the Use of Inotropes to List Adult Heart Transplant Candidates at Status 1A
Authors: Parker William F. , Garrity Edward R. , Fedson Savitri , Churpek Matthew M.
Published: December 2017

Background

The number of adult heart transplant candidates waiting at the most urgent status 1A has increased over time despite the expansion of geographic sharing of hearts in 2006. We aimed to determine whether candidates listed with inotropes contribute to the excess status 1A candidates.

Methods and Results

The initial registrations of all adult heart-only candidates listed from 2000 to 2015 were analyzed using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data set. Trends in listing status, justifications, and candidate factors were measured. Adjusted trends in listing status pre- and post–geographic sharing were estimated using multilevel logistic regression. Competing risks models provided trends in transplant-free waitlist survival. There were 46 853 adult heart-alone listings during 2000 to 2015. Pre-sharing, status 1A listing was unchanged over time (adjusted odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.23). Post-sharing, the adjusted odds of status 1A listing increased 117% over 9 years (adjusted odds ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval, 1.82–2.58). The number of candidates listed as status 1A with inotropes increased by 193 a year, whereas the dobutamine, dopamine, and milrinone doses used decreased 49%, 55%, and 29% (
P
<0.001). The risk of waitlist death or deterioration of status 1A inotrope candidates relative to status 2 candidates decreased 62% for 2006 to 2010 and 70% for 2011 to 2015 compared with that for 2003 to 2006.

Conclusions

After the wider geographic sharing of hearts in 2006, transplant programs used multiple inotropes to list candidates at status 1A more frequently with progressively lower doses. Concurrently, the status 1A inotrope candidate waitlist outcomes improved substantially. These trends suggest that overtreatment with multiple inotropes contributes to the current critical excess of status 1A candidates.
Radial Versus Femoral Access for Rotational Atherectomy
Authors: Watt Jonathan , Austin David , Mackay Daniel , Nolan James , Oldroyd Keith G.
Published: December 2017

Background—

Rotational atherectomy (RA) is an important interventional tool for heavily calcified coronary lesions. We compared the early clinical outcomes in patients undergoing RA using radial or femoral access.

Methods and Results—

We identified all patients in England and Wales who underwent RA between January 1, 2005, and March 31, 2014. Eight thousand six hundred twenty-two RA cases (3069 radial and 5553 femoral) were included in the analysis. The study primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Propensity scores were calculated to determine the factors associated with treatment assignment to radial or femoral access. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, using the calculated propensity scores, was performed. Thirty-day mortality was 2.2% in the radial and 2.3% in the femoral group (
P
=0.76). Radial access was associated with equivalent 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–1.46;
P
=0.71), procedural success (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.84–1.29;
P
=0.73), major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.80–1.38;
P
=0.72), and net adverse clinical events (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.71–1.15;
P
=0.41), but lower rates of in-hospital major bleeding (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40–0.98;
P
=0.04) and major access site complications (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01–0.38;
P
=0.004), compared with femoral access.

Conclusions—

In this large real-world study of patients undergoing RA, radial access was associated with equivalent 30-day mortality and procedural success, but reduced major bleeding and access site complications, compared with femoral access.
Causes and Consequences of Missing Health-Related Quality of Life Assessments in Patients Who Undergo Mechanical Circulatory Support Implantation
Authors: Grady Kathleen L. , Jones Philip G. , Cristian-Andrei Adin , Naftel David C. , Myers Susan , Dew Mary Amanda , Idrissi Katharine , Weidner Gerdi , Wissman Sherri A. , Kirklin James K. , Spertus John A.
Published: December 2017

Background—

Missing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) data in longitudinal studies can reduce precision and power and bias results. Using INTERMACS (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support), we sought to identify factors associated with missing HRQOL data, examine the impact of these factors on estimated HRQOL assuming missing at random missingness, and perform sensitivity analyses to examine missing not at random (MNAR) missingness because of illness severity.

Methods and Results—

INTERMACS patients (n=3248) with a preimplantation profile of 1 (critical cardiogenic shock) or 2 (progressive decline) were assessed with the EQ-5D-3L visual analog scale and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 summary scores pre-implantation and 3 months postoperatively. Mean and median observed and missing at random–imputed HRQOL scores were calculated, followed by sensitivity analyses. Independent factors associated with HRQOL scores and missing HRQOL assessments were determined using multivariable regression. Independent factors associated with preimplantation and 3-month HRQOL scores, and with the likelihood of missing HRQOL assessments, revealed few correlates of HRQOL and missing assessments (
R
2
range, 4.7%–11.9%). For patients with INTERMACS profiles 1 and 2 and INTERMACS profile 1 alone, missing at random–imputed mean and median HRQOL scores were similar to observed scores, before and 3 months after implantation, whereas MNAR-imputed mean scores were lower (≥5 points) at baseline but not at 3 months.

Conclusions—

We recommend use of sensitivity analyses using an MNAR imputation strategy for longitudinal studies when missingness is attributable to illness severity. Conduct of MNAR sensitivity analyses may be less critical after mechanical circulatory support implant, when there are likely fewer MNAR data.
The Police Advocate
Authors: Hails F. G.
Published: December 2017

The police advocate has long been the subject of controversy and we shall be glad to have our readers' views on the matter. A review of Prosecuting Officer, by Mr. Christopher Williams, appears in the Recent Books feature of this issue.
Motoring
Authors: Gott J. A. H.
Published: December 2017

Our Motoring Correspondent reviews the effect which the opening of MJ has had upon traffic and accidents in Northamptonshire, gives an account of a recent “Open day” at the Road Research Laboratory's new test track and suggests a means ofimproving m.p.g.
Management Training in the Police Service
Authors: Knights P. D.
Published: December 2017

Mr. Knights, a former. Deputy Commandant of the Police College, and with wide administrative experience, has made a special study of management in the Police Service. He addressed the conference of the Association of Chief Police Officers in 1965 on police aspects of management training. The present article takes a “new look” at a subject which is increasingly realized to be of prime police importance.
It Can Be So Easy: II
Authors: Muncie William
Published: December 2017

Lanarkshire Constabulary The second of a series of short articles about murder inquiries which looked black on first appreciation but which were cleared up within 24 hours.
“Paki-Bashing” in Coventry
Authors: Horobin Alfred
Published: December 2017

The research for this article was carried out through the grant of a Cropwood Fellowship at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge. Mr. Horobin wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. R. G. Hood and Mr. Paul Wiles of the Institute for their invaluable assistance and unflagging enthusiasm during his work there.
Overdosing and Attempted Suicide among Youth in an Affluent Suburban Community
Authors: Tobias Jerry J. , Baumgardner Marilyn
Published: December 2017

Dr. Tobias, Associate Professor of Counsellor Education at the University of Detroit and Director of the Community Youth Relations Bureau in Bloomfield Township, Michigan, and Marilyn Baumgardner, student assistant, discuss teenage overdosing and suicidal attempts in this affluent community during the past few years.
Court Advocacy for Police Officers
Authors: Walker Cyril H.
Published: December 2017

Police officers often find themselves as prosecuting advocates in courts of summary jurisdiction. Despite calls from the Law Society and others for all prosecuting to be carried out by solicitors, there is little doubt much court work will continue to be done by police officers — in fact with recent economy cuts, we have seen some police authorities cutting the number of solicitors employed by them and not employing solicitors in areas where there is a real need. Also more forces are setting up process units to carry out their accident and process enquiries and where Sergeants and above are acting as prosecutors.

I hope that the information contained in the following pages will be of some help to police officers charged with the important task of representing their police force in court.
How to Introduce Humanity into a Sometimes Inhuman Profession
Authors: Walpen Laurent
Published: December 2017

This article was presented at the International Police Executive Symposium in Geneva (Switzerland) in May, 1994. The symposium was organized by Professor Dilip K. Das, Ph.D. of Western Illinois University and was hosted by Chief Laurent Walpen. The United Nations Centre on Human Rights and the International Committee of the Red Cross also took part in the symposium. Chief Walpen participated as the Swiss police representative.
An Analysis of Drivers' Adoption of following Distances
Authors: Waddon Alun , Ross Alastair
Published: December 2017

The risky driving behaviour of close following (tailgating), a major source of road accidents, was investigated by means of a survey: 125 drivers aboard a car ferry answered a self-administered questionnaire.
Conversations About Careers
Authors: Schwartz Beth M. , Gregg Virginia R. , McKee Mark
Published: December 2017

Providing career preparation for our students continues to be a focus for faculty, departments, and institutions. Professional development is most effective when accessible to students in a number of ways. This article presents how career preparation can be incorporated in advising, through programming and assessment in a career center, and in the curriculum. We discuss the importance of career discussions in advising, the types of resources available in a career center, and finally, we review a number of courses in which faculty can incorporate discussions and assignments focused on careers in psychology. Through this multifaceted approach, students are more likely to obtain important career information, as they consider what path to take after their undergraduate education.
Follow-Up Study of Youth Who Received EIBI as Young Children
Authors: Perry Adrienne , Koudys Julie , Prichard Alice , Ho Hilda
Published: December 2017

Although early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) has been clearly shown to be evidence-based, there is very little information available regarding long-term outcomes, especially from community effectiveness studies. We present data on cognitive, adaptive, and autism severity measures from four time points (pre- and post-EIBI and two follow-up points) for a sample of 21 youth, currently aged 16 years on average (range = 13-20) who received EIBI as young children and who have been out of EIBI for a mean of 10 years (range = 8.5-14). Results show heterogeneous outcomes and a general pattern of stability since the end of EIBI, suggesting gains made in EIBI are maintained.
Reading musical notation versus English letters: Mapping brain activation with MEG
Authors: Lu Ching-I , Greenwald Margaret L. , Lin Yung-Yang , Bowyer Susan M.
Published: December 2017

Temporal and spatial analyses of brain function with magnetoencephalography (MEG) are seldom reported in studies of musical sight-reading. We used MEG to compare the timing and localization of brain regions active during print-to-sound translation of musical notation versus English letters. MEG recordings were made on 22 professional musicians during print-to-sound tasks involving low versus high cognitive load. The MEG data were analyzed using MR-FOCUSS, a current density imaging technique. A laterality index was calculated to determine which hemisphere had more neural activation during these music and language reading tasks, and showed brain activation more lateralized to the language dominant (left) hemisphere in these right-handed musicians. Both note and letter reading tasks required translation to phonological codes and activated left hemisphere language areas. Also, the superior parietal cortex was a region of interest bilaterally. The high temporal resolution of MEG, coupled with its spatial resolution, proved sensitive to differences in cognitive load in reading both letters and musical notes. MEG will be useful in future studies of how brain structure or function may change as a result of learning music.
Imagined Politics: How Different Media Platforms Transport Citizens Into Political Narratives
Authors: McLaughlin Bryan , Velez John A.
Published: December 2017

This article examines political transportation—the construction of mental models that represent a political world and result in the absorption and positioning of oneself within the constructed world. Specifically, we propose that when citizens become immersed in the political narrative crafted by a politician, they become more likely to see the political world as personally relevant and, subsequently, become more committed to supporting that candidate. Further, the degree of political immersion should depend upon which media platform a campaign message is delivered through. These expectations were tested using an experiment where partisans were exposed to a campaign message delivered in the form of a television ad, a political e-mail, or a series of tweets. Results demonstrate that Twitter was the least likely to lead to political immersion. Further, results provide support for our theoretical model, where there is an indirect effect of campaign messages on political attitudes and behavior through immersion and perceived personal relevance. Taken together, this study demonstrates the utility of applying the concept of narrative transportation to politics.
Hypercalcemia-Induced Pancreatitis in Pregnancy Following Calcium Carbonate Ingestion
Authors: Trezevant May S. , Winton John C. , Holmes Ashley K.
Published: December 2017

Background:

Calcium carbonate is often used to relieve Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in pregnant patients. This report describes a potentially serious complication.

Case:

A pregnant female presented at 34 weeks gestation with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Home medications included an unquantifiable amount of calcium carbonate 500 mg due to constant consumption for GERD. Laboratory findings included elevated calcium, amylase, lipase, and triglyceride level. Pancreatitis was diagnosed and abdominal ultrasound excluded gallstones. Despite hydration, lipase rose and emergency cesarean section was performed. Hypercalcemia was managed by intravenous fluid administration. After delivery, pancreatitis resolved.

Conclusion:

Pancreatitis developed in pregnant patient with hypercalcemia due to excessive calcium carbonate ingestion and resolved after delivery of the fetus, fluid resuscitation, and return of calcium level to normal.
Critical success factors in implementing an e-rostering system in a healthcare organisation
Authors: Soomro Zahoor A , Ahmed Javed , Muhammad Raza , Hayes Dawn , Shah Mahmood H
Published: December 2017

Effective and efficient staff scheduling has always been a challenging issue, especially in health service organisations. Both the extremes of staff shortage and overage have an adverse impact on the performance of healthcare organisations. In this case, an electronic and systematic staff scheduling (e-rostering) system is the often seen as the best solution. Unless an organisation has an effective implementation of such a system, possible cost savings, efficiency, and benefits could be minimal. This study is aimed to research key success factors for the successful effective implementation of an electronic rostering system, especially at healthcare organisations. A case study research method was used to evaluate critical success factors for effectively implementing an e-rostering system. The data were collected through interviews and observations. The findings indicate that technical support, an effective policy, leadership, clear goals and objectives, gradual change, evidence of the advantages of the new system, senior management support, and effective communication are the critical success factors in implementing an e-rostering system in healthcare organisations. Prior to this study, no such factors were grounded in the current context, so this research would help in bridging the gap towards effective implementation of an e-rostering system in the healthcare sector. This research also suggests future studies in different cultures and contexts.
What’s in a Category? The Politics of Not Being a Refugee
Authors: Thomaz Diana
Published: December 2017

How are refugees perceived and governed in contemporary politics? What sort of sovereign responses has been advanced to govern and discipline the movement of people in a globalizing world? The article discusses how the ‘figure of the refugee’ (Scheel and Squire, 2014) or the ‘refugee label’ (Zetter, 1991, 2007) has changed once the Cold War ended and growing numbers of asylum seekers from the global South began searching for protection in the North. It attributes the restrictive character of contemporary asylum politics both to a perception of refugees as abject masses from the South and to sovereign states’ responses to a globalizing reality. In this context, I argue that access to asylum has been restricted both through the mobilization of new sovereign borders that seek to contain the mobility of asylum seekers perceived as villains, and through the creation of new categories or legal limits, in the form of temporary protection statuses to those perceived as passive victims. By focusing on the latter strategy, I briefly explore how Haitian asylum seekers have been labelled as ‘humanitarian immigrants’ in Brazil, highlighting the productivity of this legal limit.
A spoonful of care ethics: The challenges of enriching medical education
Authors: van Reenen Eva , van Nistelrooij Inge
Published: December 2017

Background:

Nursing Ethics has featured several discussions on what good care comprises and how to achieve good care practices. We should “nurse” ethics by continuously reflecting on the way we “do” ethics, which is what care ethicists have been doing over the past few decades and continue to do so. Ethics is not limited to nursing but extends to all caring professions. In 2011, Elin Martinsen argued in this journal that care should be included as a core concept in medical ethical terminology because of “the harm to which patients may be exposed owing to a lack of care in the clinical encounter,” specifically between doctors and patients. However, Martinsen leaves the didactical challenges arising from such a venture open for further enquiry.

Objectives:

In this article, we explore the challenges arising from implementing care-ethical insights into medical education.

Research design:

Medical education in the Netherlands is investigated through a “care-ethical lens”. This means exploring the possibility of enriching medical education with care-ethical insights, while at the same time discovering possible challenges emerging from such an undertaking.

Participants and research context:

This paper has been written from the academic context of a master in care ethics and policy.

Ethical considerations

We have tried to be fair and respectful to the authors discussed and take a neutral stance towards the findings portrayed.

Findings:

Several challenges are identified, which we narrow down to two types: didactical and non-didactical.

Discussion and conclusion:

In order to overcome these challenges, we must not underestimate the possible resistance to a paradigm shift. Our efforts should mainly target the learning that takes place in the clinical phases of medical training and should be accompanied by the creation of awareness in healthcare practice.
Fault diagnosis of bearing based on the kernel principal component analysis and optimized k-nearest neighbour model
Authors: Dong Shaojiang , Luo Tianhong , Zhong Li , Chen Lili , Xu Xiangyang
Published: December 2017

Aiming to identify the bearing faults level effectively, a new method based on kernel principal component analysis and particle swarm optimization optimized k-nearest neighbour model is proposed. First, the gathered vibration signals are decomposed by time–frequency domain method, i.e., local mean decomposition; as a result, the product functions decomposed from the original signal are derived. Then, the entropy values of the product functions are calculated by Shannon method, which will work as the input features for k-nearest neighbour model. The kernel principal component analysis model is used to reduce the dimension of the features, and then the k-nearest neighbour model which was optimized by the particle swarm optimization method is used to identify the bearing fault levels. Case of test and actually collected signal are analysed. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A comparison of computational fluid dynamics predicted initial liquid penetration using rate of injection profiles generated using two different measurement techniques
Authors: Ge Haiwen , Johnson Jaclyn E , Krishnamoorthy Hari , Lee Seong-Young , Naber Jeffrey D , Robarge Nan , Kurtz Eric
Published: December 2017

The rate of injection profile is a key parameter describing the fuel injection process for diesel injection. It is also an essential input parameter for computational fluid dynamics simulations of spray flows. In the present work, rate of injection profiles of a multi-hole diesel injector were measured using the Zeuch method and the momentum flux method. The rate of injection profiles measured by the momentum flux method had a faster rise in rate of injection during the initial ramp-up phase than with the Zeuch method. The measured rate of injection profiles were applied in three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations of diesel sprays under non-vaporizing and vaporizing conditions with sweeps in injection pressure, bulk charge gas density, and bulk charge gas temperature. Analytical results were compared against experimental data for liquid penetration generated under those conditions. Computational fluid dynamics results with the rate of injection profile measured by the Zeuch method under-predict liquid penetration during the initial ramp-up phase, while computational fluid dynamics results with the rate of injection profiles measured by the momentum flux method showed much better agreement with the experimental data of liquid length and penetration. This suggests that current computational fluid dynamics spray models may be able to more accurately model transient liquid penetration when using the velocity profile developed from momentum flux measurements. Further study is needed to evaluate how computational fluid dynamics predictions of combustion and emissions of affected when using these two rate of injection profiles.
Impact of Reward and Loss Anticipation on Cognitive Control: An Event-Related Potential Study in Subjects With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls
Authors: Vignapiano Annarita , Mucci Armida , Merlotti Eleonora , Giordano Giulia Maria , Amodio Antonella , Palumbo Davide , Galderisi Silvana
Published: December 2017

Introduction. Deficits of cognitive functions and motivation are core aspects of schizophrenia. The interaction of these deficits might contribute to impair the ability to flexibly adjust behavior in accordance with one’s intentions and goals. Many studies have focused on the anterior N2 as a correlate of cognitive control based on motivational value. Aims. Given the key role of motivation impairment in schizophrenia as a predictor of functional outcome, we aimed to study the impact of reward- and avoidance-based motivation on cognitive control using N2. Method. Event-related potentials were recorded during the execution of the “Monetary Incentive Delay (MID)” task in 34 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) stabilized on second-generation antipsychotics and 22 healthy controls (HC). Cognitive domains were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Negative symptom domains (Avolition/apathy and Expressive deficit), as well as positive and disorganization dimensions were also assessed in SCZ. Results. We did not observe any group difference in N2 amplitude or latency. In HC, N2 amplitude was significantly larger for anticipation of large loss with regard to all reward conditions and for all incentive versus neutral conditions. In SCZ, N2 amplitude did not discriminate between large loss and reward or between incentive and neutral conditions. N2 amplitude was not correlated with psychopathological dimensions or MCCB-assessed cognitive deficits in SCZ. Conclusion. Our data in HC are in line with the hypothesis that N2 amplitude reflects the impact of motivational salience on cognitive control. Our results in SCZ indicate a deficit in the discrimination of motivational salience to the service of cognitive control, independently of psychopathology and other cognitive deficits.
Linking numbers to perceptions and experiences: Why we need transdisciplinary mixed-methods combining neurophysiological and qualitative data
Authors: Deschepper Reginald , Six Stefaan , Vandeweghe Nicole , De Couck Marijke , Gidron Yori , Depoorter Anne-Marie , Bilsen Johan
Published: December 2017

Today, more and more problems that scientists need to tackle are complex problems. Many examples of these can be found in the health sciences, medicine and ecology. Typical features of complex problems are that they cannot be studied by one discipline and that they need to take into account subjective data as well as objective data. Two promising responses to deal with complex problems are Transdisciplinary and Mixed Method approaches. However, there is still a lacuna to fill, with transdisciplinary studies bridging the social sciences and biomedical sciences. More specifically, we need more and better studies that combine qualitative data about subjective experiences, perception and so on with objective, quantitative, neurophysiological data. We believe that the combination of qualitative and neurophysiological data is a good example of what we would like to call transdisciplinary mixed methods. In this article, we aim to explore the opportunities of transdisciplinary mixed-methods studies in which qualitative and neurophysiological data are used. We give a brief overview of what is characteristic for this kind of studies and illustrate this with examples; we point out strengths and limitations and propose an agenda for the future. We conclude that transdisciplinary mixed-methods studies in which qualitative and neurophysiological data are used have the potential to improve our knowledge about complex problems. A main obstacle seems to be that most scientists from the biomedical sciences are not familiar with the (qualitative) methods from the social sciences and vice versa. To end this ‘clash of paradigms’™, we urgently need to cultivate transdisciplinary thinking.
Understanding and Undoing the Legacies of Sexual Violence in India, USA and the World
Authors: Gupta Ruchira
Published: December 2017

The essay explores the historical colonial legacies of prostitution, sexual and gendered violence. It draws parallels with new forms of colonialism by mining, timber, oil, and other extractive industries that destroy families and eco-systems at the same time. It connects how violence is deliberately engendered to destroy and colonize whole communities and societies. The essay attempts to show that sexual violence and structural violence are interlinked and that to undo the systems of structural violence, women and men will have to confront the sexual violence in their lives as individuals, as collectives and in systems.
Complete genome sequence analysis of Archaeoglobus fulgidus strain 7324 (DSM 8774), a hyperthermophilic archaeal sulfate reducer from a North Sea oil field
Authors: Birkeland Nils-Kåre , Schönheit Peter , Poghosyan Lianna , Fiebig Anne , Klenk Hans-Peter
Published: December 2017

Archaeoglobus fulgidus is the type species of genus Archaeoglobus Stetter 1998, a hyperthermophilic sulfate reducing group within the Archaeoglobi class of the euryarchaeota phylum. Members of this genus grow heterotrophically or chemolithoautotrophically with sulfate or thiosulfate as electron acceptors. Except for A. fulgidus strain 7324 and the candidate species “Archaeoglobus lithotrophicus”, which both originate from deep oil-fields, the other members of this genus have been recovered from marine hydrothermal systems. Here we describe the features of the A. fulgidus strain 7324 genome as compared to the A. fulgidus VC16 type strain. The 2.3 Mbp genome sequence of strain 7324 shares about 93.5% sequence identity with that of strain VC16T but is about 138 Kbp longer, which is mostly due to two large ‘insertions’ carrying one extra cdc6 (cell-cycle control protein 6) gene, extra CRISPR elements and mobile genetic elements, a high-GC ncRNA gene (hgcC) and a large number of hypothetical gene functions. A comparison with four other Archaeoglobus spp. genomes identified 1001 core Archaeoglobus genes and more than 2900 pan-genome orthologous genes.
Seismic reservoir characterization of Utica-Point Pleasant shale with efforts at fracability evaluation — Part 2: A case study
Authors: Sharma Ritesh Kumar , Chopra Satinder , Keay James , Nemati Hossein , Lines Larry
Published: December 2017

The Utica Formation in eastern Ohio possesses all the prerequisites for being a successful unconventional play. Attempts at seismic reservoir characterization of the Utica Formation have been discussed in part 1, in which, after providing the geologic background of the area of study, the preconditioning of prestack seismic data, well-log correlation, and building of robust low-frequency models for prestack simultaneous impedance inversion were explained. All these efforts were aimed at identification of sweet spots in the Utica Formation in terms of organic richness as well as brittleness. We elaborate on some aspects of that exercise, such as the challenges we faced in the determination of the total organic carbon (TOC) volume and computation of brittleness indices based on mineralogical and geomechanical considerations. The prediction of TOC in the Utica play using a methodology, in which limited seismic as well as well-log data are available, is demonstrated first. Thereafter, knowing the nonexistence of the universally accepted indicator of brittleness, mechanical along with mineralogical attempts to extract the brittleness information for the Utica play are discussed. Although an attempt is made to determine brittleness from mechanical rock-physics parameters (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio) derived from seismic data, the available X-ray diffraction data and regional petrophysical modeling make it possible to determine the brittleness index based on mineralogical data and thereafter be derived from seismic data.
Analysis of the opinions of adolescents on the risk factors of suicide
Authors: Kielan Aleksandra , Cieślak Ilona , Skonieczna Joanna , Olejniczak Dominik , Jabłkowska-Górecka Karolina , Panczyk Mariusz , Gotlib Joanna , Walewska-Zielecka Bożena
Published: December 2017

Cel pracy

Celem niniejszej pracy jest poznanie opinii młodzieży w wieku 16-19 lat, uczęszczającej do warszawskich publicznych liceów ogólnokształcących, na temat czynników ryzyka samobójstw.

Metoda

Populacja badana objęła młodzież, która w roku 2015 była w wieku 16-19 lat (M = 17,29; SD = 0,94). Respondenci uczęszczali do ośmiu warszawskich publicznych liceów ogólnokształcących z ośmiu różnych dzielnic. Badanie było reprezentatywne. W badaniu uczestniczyło 1439 respondentów – 821 dziewcząt (57,1%) i 592 chłopców (41,1%). Badanie przeprowadzono metodą PAPI. Kwestionariusz zawierał 34 pytania podzielone na trzy bloki- dotycząc epidemiologii, czynników ryzyka i profilaktyki zachowań samobójczych.

Wyniki

Według 37,0% badanych głównym problemem występującym w rodzinie, który może stać się czynnikiem ryzyka popełnienia samobójstwa jest brak zrozumienia przez rodziców. Badani uważali, że konflikty z rówieśnikami stanowią sytuacje związane ze szkołą, które mogą stać się przyczyną powstania myśli samobójczych (48,6%). Ponad połowa badanych (59,1%) uważała, że odrzucenie przez osoby bliskie i ważne stanowi główny czynnik związany z poczuciem osamotnienia, mogący być przyczyną aktu samobójczego.

Wnioski

1. Istotnym elementem w prewencji zachowań autodestrukcyjnych młodych osób powinien być trening rodzicielski w zakresie okazywania zrozumienia i akceptacji swoim dzieciom.
2. Wskazane jest prowadzenie zajęć, doskonalących umiejętności psychospołeczne młodzieży, w szczególności zdolności rozwiązywania problemów interpersonalnych, w celu zmniejszenia liczby konfliktów z rówieśnikami, występujących w środowisku szkolnym.
The Physician and His Servant in the Croxton Play of the Sacrament
Authors: Linster Jillian
Published: December 2017

The Croxton Play of the Sacrament features a physician who has regularly been characterized as a quack and buffoon. This paper combines the play’s historical and cultural context with a close reading of the text to argue that the doctor himself is a legitimate medical practitioner; the combined clowning of his servant and the foolishness of his patient make the physician appear comical. By considering possible performance choices and the relationship of the audience to the play’s action, I suggest a more complex reading of a scene and character that have previously been too readily dismissed.
Correlates of employment interest among adults with schizophrenia
Authors: Westcott Cassandra , Waghorn Geoffrey , McLean Duncan , Statham Dixie , Mowry Bryan
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims:

Role functioning is an important part of recovery and psychiatric rehabilitation for people with schizophrenia. However, little is known about why some people and not others return to socially valued roles such as employment. While the demographic and clinical correlates of employment have been extensively studied, little is known about how employment interest forms and develops into actual employment activity. The aim was to compare demographic and clinical correlates of employment interest to correlates of actual employment participation.

Methods:

A community sample of 255 working-age adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were interviewed about their current employment status and current employment interest. Univariate logistic regression was used to examine the demographic and clinical correlates of both employment interest and participation.

Findings:

Age, employment history and severity of current hallucinations were associated with both employment interest and participation, while illness severity pattern, illness course, severity of disability, and severity of avolition were associated only with employment participation.

Conclusions:

Resilience of employment interest to the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia is a promising finding. Those with more severe illness patterns and more impaired functioning can remain good candidates for vocational rehabilitation, because interest and motivation for employment may be unaffected.
Analysis and comparison of the psychometric properties of two balance scales for elderly adults
Authors: Lee Young-jung , Yi Chung-hwi , Kim Gyoung-mo
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims:

The aim of this research was to verify psychometric properties of the Berg Balance Scale and the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale, and compare the item difficulty between the two scales.

Methods:

A total of 97 community-dwelling older adults participated in this study. All participants were assessed on their degree of balance ability by the Berg Balance Scale and the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale, respectively. We identified the psychometric properties and compared the item difficulty of the two scales using the Rasch analysis.

Findings:

Among the items on the Berg Balance Scale, the Standing to sitting and Transfers items showed misfit statistics. The most difficult item was Standing on one foot, whereas the easiest item was Sitting unsupported. In the case of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale, the Standing with feet together and eyes closed, Stand on foam, eyes closed and Walk with head turns items showed misfit statistics. Also, the most difficult item was Stand on one leg (logit value, 2.93), whereas the easiest item was Turn in full circle. Among the 24 items of the combined Berg Balance Scale and Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale, 13 items (nine items for the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale and four items on the Berg Balance Scale) had positive logit values, and 11 items (one item on the FAB and 10 on the Berg Balance Scale) had negative logit values.

Conclusions:

Both the Berg Balance Scale and the Fullerton Advanced Balance appear to be reliable and valid tools to assess balance function in older adults. However, the Berg Balance Scale is suitable for assessing balance ability in a group of lower functioning older adults, whereas, the Fullerton Advanced Balance is suitable for assessing balance ability in a group of higher functioning older adults.
The use of an antioxidant dressing on hard-to-heal wounds: a multicentre, prospective case series
Authors: Castro B. , Bastida F.D. , Segovia T. , López Casanova P. , Soldevilla J.J. , Verdú-Soriano J.
Published: December 2017

Objective:

Oxidative stress can contribute to impaired wound healing and chronic wounds. Our objective was to test the results of a new antioxidant dressing that could help stop the oxidative stress of cells in the wound bed.

Method:

A multicentre, prospective case study series was conducted in three Spanish hospitals. The RESVECH 2.0 index was used for healing assessment. Data from each patient was collected by the attending clinical researchers. Data analysis was performed using the statistical concept intention-to-treat (ITT). Descriptive results were presented as frequency and percentages for qualitative variables and mean, standard deviation (SD), range and median for quantitative variables. For analytical-inferential analyses, incidence of healing was calculated for chronic and acute wounds. Relative risk (RR) was used to establish the differences of healing between both types of wounds. Healing was represented by Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and these were compared using the log-rank test.

Results:

A total of 31 patients with hard-to-heal wounds were recruited. During the 8-week follow-up period, nine wounds (29%) completely healed, of which seven (77.8%) were acute and two (22.2%) chronic. The remaining wounds (22) showed a significant improvement after treatment with the antioxidant dressing. RESVECH 2.0 scores decreased an average of 10.16 points over the 8-week period.

Conclusion:

The antioxidant dressing could represent an alternative in the dressing landscape for many types of acute and chronic wounds.
Portrayal of professions and occupations on veterinary practice websites and the potential for influencing public perceptions
Authors: Kinnison Tierney
Published: December 2017

Aim:

Veterinary practice websites have the ability to attract and retain clients. They also have the potential to influence clients' perceptions of the veterinary team. This paper investigated ‘Meet the Team’ pages on UK practice websites to identify the current portrayal of veterinary professions and occupations.

Method:

One hundred random practices, treating any species, were selected from the RCVS' list of practices. Information on the team was collected.

Results:

Meet the Team pages existed on 82 websites. All Meet the Team pages included veterinary surgeons (VSs). Veterinary nurses (VNs) were included on 82.9% of pages. Of the 14 pages that did not include veterinary nurses, six pages belonged to practices which did employ veterinary nurses. ‘Other’ occupations (such as receptionists and administrators) were included on 90.2% of pages. Of the eight pages that did not include other groups, four belonged to practices which did employ other groups. According to their biographies, 76% of VNs are RVNs, 13% are qualified, while 11% had no indication of qualification. There was no significant difference between the proportions of individuals per profession who had photographs within their biographies, or between the focus of photographs per profession. VS's biographies were significantly longer than VN's.

Conclusion:

The analysis was largely reassuring. The majority of practices included all groups which make up their team. However, some do not, or put more emphasis on certain groups, which may influence clients' understanding and value for other members of the veterinary team. Some suggestions for Meet the Team pages are made.
The relation between some motoric and physiological characteristics of 13-15-year-old female volleyball players regarding their positions on the field (roles)
Authors: Eler Serdar , Eler Nebahat
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the relation between some motoric and physiological characteristics of 13-15-year-old female volleyball players regarding their positions on the field. A total of 120 volleyball players have participated voluntarily. 30 of the participants whose mean age value was 14±0,76 were setters; 30 of them were liberoes with mean age value of 13,8±0,45; 30 of them were middle blockers with the mean age value of 14±0,79; 30 of them were hitters with mean age value of 13.52±0,68. The age, height, body weight, right-left hand gripping strength, vertical jump, throwing medicine ball, standing long jump, 30-second speed and body fat percentage measurements of the volleyball players have been performed. In evaluating the data, the One Way ANOVA has been used. No statistically significant differences have been determined between the age, weight right hand gripping strength and body fat percentage measurement results concerning the positions of the volleyball players, who participated in the study (p>0.05). On the other hand, it has been identified that there is a difference between the height, left hand gripping strength, throwing medicine ball, standing long jump, and speed values in terms of their positions (p<0.05). The results of the study could be beneficial to evaluate the motoric and physiological characteristics of the volleyball players regarding their positions in establishing teams and in preparing training programs.