bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Cancer Incidence Among People Who Smoke, Have Quit Smoking, Use Smokeless Tobacco, or Former Smokers That Use Smokeless Tobacco Observed From State-Based Cancer Registries: Population-Based Study (Preprint)
Authors: Noggle Brendan , Cheng Hui , Sarkar Mohamadi
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Tobacco use has been identified as a risk factor for oral cancer worldwide. However, relative oral cancer incidence among people who smoke cigarettes, use smokeless tobacco products (ST), have transitioned from cigarettes to ST (“switchers”), quit both cigarettes and/or ST (“quitters”), or never used tobacco has not been well studied.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to present population-based oral cancer incidence rates for people who smoke cigarettes, use ST, and switched from cigarette to ST use to test the principle of tobacco harm reduction.

METHODS

We estimated incidence rates and incidence rate ratios using data from state-wide cancer registries (i.e., Colorado, Florida, North Carolina, and Texas) and population counts derived from national surveys using combined data from 2014-2017. A random-effect meta-analysis approach was used to summarize estimates among these groups, based on multiple imputation-based incidence rate ratio estimates, by state and age groups while considering potential heterogeneity.

RESULTS

A total of 19,536 oral cancer cases were identified among adult males 35 years and older in the study geographies and period. People who currently smoked cigarettes were 2.6 (95% CI= 2.0-3.3) times as likely to be diagnosed with oral cancer compared to individuals who currently used ST. The incidence rate ratio among people who currently smoke cigarettes was 3.6 (95% CI= 3.2-4.1) relative to never users, 2.4 (95% CI= 1.8-3.1) relative to switchers and 1.4 (95% CI= 1.0-2.1) among switchers relative to quitters. The incidence rate ratio of current users of ST relative to never-users was 1.4 (95% CI= 1.1-1.9).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings from this population-based study with a large number of oral cancer cases support lower risk of oral cancer incidence among users of ST compared to cigarettes. Compared to those who continue to smoke, oral cancer risks can be reduced by switching to ST products or quitting all tobacco.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2802108/v1
Use and application of mHealth technologies in Perioperative Surgical Care: A review. (Preprint)
Authors: Sierra Maria Camila , To Henry , Song June
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

The use of mobile health (mHealth) and advances to existing telehealth technologies has permitted the improvement of peri-operative care for patients to be adequately and safely performed away from traditional hospital settings. Telemedicine, Mobile health (mHealth) and similar technologies are a rapidly growing area, where the combination of existing technology is applied to standard care practices so the same service can be provided in the community, where the benefits seem to outweigh the risks.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review is to present evidence for the use of established mHealth technologies in the pre- and post-operative care of surgical patients and to highlight the readiness and potential of these devices in the standard care.

METHODS

A comprehensive literature review was conducted encompassing three databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus. The reference list of systematic review articles was also scanned for additional references. After duplicates were removed and final articles selected to include in the review Quality assessment appraisal was conducted independently by the researchers using the article “Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations in clinical practice guidelines” by Brożek et al (1) .

RESULTS

From 270 retrieved articles from 2008 to current, 26 references were deemed relevant as per the inclusion criteria and their study designs varied between observational and interventional studies. 5,411 patients had surgical interventions coupled with mHealth applications across a range of specialities, where the use of mixed mHealth systems and devices was predominantly encountered (50%) followed by the use of smartphones (38%) for monitoring. Measured parameters via mHealth included vital signs, surgical site infections, pain, function, disability, and complications with a follow up range of 3 days to 3 months. Patient satisfaction was commonly measured.

CONCLUSIONS

With growing evidence base, mHealth technologies that leverage on existing mobile device use have shown to have an expanding role in improving aspects of peri-operative care, with promise to enhance community-based care for surgical patients.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Effect of Fermented Feed on Cattle Weight at Pondok Rawa Village, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera
Authors: Wahyuningsih Hesti , Sinaga Hotnida , Hastuti Liana Dwi Sri , Fauzi Fachri , Apridamayanti Wulan , Nasution Silfy Anisa , Khairulsyah Wira , Maulana Arbi
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Cattle farming in Indonesia, especially in North Sumatra, is still a secondary livelihood for breeders. Treatment and processing of beef are generally done in the traditional way. The success of the beef cattle business is very dependent on the fulfillment of nutrients that affect livestock health. Therefore, quality and sustainable feed is an important factor in livestock cultivation technology. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermented feed on cattle weight at a small cattle farm in Pondok Rawa Village, Deli Serdang Regency, Sumatera Utara. Fermented feed is formulated by mixing corn ash and palm oil cake (5:1), coarse salt, molasses, and EM4 into chlorine-free water. The feed was stored in PP plastic and incubated for 7 days. Five cows chosen randomly were given fermented feed every day for 1 month while the other 5 cows were only given forage. All test cattle were about 4 years old and weighed weekly and the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA in JASP 0.16.4. The results showed that the average weight gain of one cattle fed with fermented feed (1.54 kg/week) was higher than forage treatment (0.69 kg/week). This result was validated and substantiated by ANOVA test result showing that value of p < 0.05.
Empowering Botswana’s Future: The Transformative Role of Open Schooling in Accessible Education
Authors: PhD Tommie Hamaluba, , Lesetedi, (DBA) Lesetedi
Published: August 2023

This study focuses on the transformative potential of open schooling in Botswana. It highlights its role in providing education to diverse learners by analyzing insights from Commonwealth of Learning, UNESCO, Rumble and Koul (2007), and Botswana’s Revised National Policy on Education (1994). The research emphasizes open schooling’s significance in addressing educational disparities and promoting national development. The paper underscores its role in creating an inclusive educational environment for societal advancement.Beyond emphasizing open schooling’s importance, the paper delves into effective implementation strategies. It aims to distill best practices that maximize open schooling’s positive impact on Botswana’s education by investigating key strategies.
The Comparison between Intelligent Robot Surgery and Traditional Surgery
Authors: Xing Zhongcheng
Published: August 2023

Briefly discuss the comparison between intelligent robot surgery and traditional surgery in terms of surgical effectiveness and accuracy. This article briefly discusses the advantages of intelligent robots from 9 aspects: controllable range, visualization level, optional modes, reference cases, surgical positioning, probability of error occurrence, patterning and credibility, support technology, and labor costs, and makes a forecast for the future of intelligent robot surgery.
An Examination of the Editors and Friendship of the Tang Songs and Poems in the Classification of the Categories
Authors: Shuqing Xia
Published: August 2023

Zhao Mengkui’s compilation of Tang poems is one of the largest collections of Tang poems in the Southern Song Dynasty, and has served as a guide in the history of the compilation of Chinese Tang poems. Zhao Mengkui, the compiler of the “Tang Songs and Poems”, was born into a royal family of imperial examiners and had excellent family roots and profound academic training. The problem of the different records of Zhao Mengkui’s origin is due to the fact that he lived in a different place of official transfer. In his life, Zhao Mengkui had a close personal friendship with Liu Kezhuang, Li Qianwei, Lin Xiyi, and other literati. It is an important reference value for the study of the compilation of the Tang Songs and Poems.
Comprehensive Analysis of Thermal Performance of Solar Hot Case Based on Solar Power Energy
Authors: Pandey Mayank Dhar , Yadav Dr. S. K. S.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Solar energy is becoming increasingly popular as a renewable energy source, especially with advancements in solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. However, the efficiency of PV systems is affected by various factors, including temperature. This study explores the practicality of a box-style solar hot case driven by PV energy to address deforestation and cooking challenges in rural areas. The solar hot case, designed with efficient insulation using aluminium foil, maintains desired temperatures during the day, making it suitable for keeping food warm. A stainless-steel glass with hot water inside the cabin was tested, revealing the cabin and water temperatures' dynamic relationship over time. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining lower operating temperatures for PV modules to achieve peak efficiency and demonstrate the potential of PVpowered solar hot case in addressing heating challenges in rural areas
The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Work Motivation on Performance through Employee Satisfaction
Authors: Mahdalena  , Malik Nazaruddin , Mohyi Achmad
Published: August 2023

Jawa Timur Park 1 or better known as Jatim Park 1 is a place for recreation and learning established by PT. Bunga Wangsa Sejati which has been open since 2001. Jatim Park 1 which was established in Batu City, East Java is one of the famous Batu City tourist destinations. As an industry and of course, the quality of Jawa Timur Park 1 services is highly valued not only from the rides offered, but also from the service of the employees who are kept. The purpose of the discussion in this research is to determine the effect of transformational leadership and work motivation on performance through job satisfaction. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire with data analysis techniques using SmartPLS. The results show that transformational leadership and work motivation affect employee performance, and job satisfaction mediates the effect of transformational leadership and work motivation on employee performance.
Intention of Stock Investment by Students in The Covid-19 Period
Authors: Wicaksono Fajar Ari , Jihadi Muhammad , Widayat Widayat
Published: August 2023

This research is intended to know and prove attitudes to risk and return on investment in investment intentions made by students with financial literacy and investment understanding as moderation.The type of research used is explanatory research, with a quantitative approach of data collection using questionnaires with the number of respondents to 277 students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Malang class of 2019. Furthermore, the analysis of data that has been obtained using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method in the SmartPLS program. The results of the analysis showed that attitudes to risk and return have a positive effect on investment intentions while financial literacy and investment understanding can moderate perceptions of risk and returns on investment intentions positively and significantly.
The Effect of Work Environment and Learning Management on Teacher Performance Mediated by Teaching Activities
Authors: Windarto Agoes , Malik Nazaruddin , Mohyi Achmad
Published: August 2023

This study attempts to see how much the work environment, learning management, and teaching activities influence teacher performance in SMK Telkom Malang. Using a descriptive correlational research design method, in which the goal of the study is to characterize the existing variables before looking for relationships between them. The total respondent of this research was 75 teachers and academic support personnel, it is clear that the work environment and learning management have a significant impact on teacher performance. The efficiency of teaching activities, on the other hand, mediates the work environment and learning management and has a major impact on teacher performance.
The Effect of Job Training and Motivation on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable
Authors: Jumiati Jumiati , Mursidi Mursidi , Rumijati Aniek
Published: August 2023

This study aims to analyse the effect of job training and motivation on employee performance with job satisfaction as a mediating variable at Kusuma Agrowisata Resort and Convention Hotel Batu. The population of this study were all employees of Kusuma Agrowisata Resort and Convention Hotel Batu. The sample used was 87 people. Collecting data using saturated sampling. The analysis technique uses Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that job training, work motivation, and job satisfaction positively and significantly affect employee performance. Job training and work motivation positively and significantly affect job satisfaction. Job satisfaction can partially mediate the effect of job training on employee performance and work motivation on performance.
Longitudinal Study of COVID-19 Vaccination Outcomes in a Low-Income Hispanic Population
Authors: Lamb Christopher , Owens Christopher , Gamboa Wendy , Lopez-Yunez Alfredo
Published: August 2023

Background: The article presents the results of a longitudinal study
performed to assess the humoral immune response to the Johnson &
Johnson (J&J) COVID-19 vaccine (Ad26.COV2.S) in a low-income, Hispanic
patient population. In our work, we evaluate the COVID-19 health status
of the patient population following vaccination. This work is a
follow-up of a pilot study that analyses additional data to better
understand the impact of the vaccine. Methods: Longitudinal cohort study
testing the antibody responses of patients each visit within 120 days
(initial, 1st follow-up, and 2nd follow-up). This study used the
Clungene® SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette to determine the
presence of binding antibodies resulting from the J&J COVID-19 vaccine.
Results: Fifty-seven (57) patients were eligible for participation in
this study after initial baseline antibodies were measured; seventy-four
(74) patients were requested to participate, 17 were excluded because
moderate to strong immunoglobulin G (IgG)/immunoglobulin M (IgM)
responses. High loss to follow-up were multifactorial, but a predominant
reason was travel out of state for work or return to country of origin.
Blueberry extract for the treatment of ischemic stroke through regulating the gut microbiota and kynurenine metabolism
Authors: wang raoqiong , Huang Guoxin , Li Shuangyang , Huang Hanlin , Zhu Guo-Yuan , Wang Liang , Yang Jinrui , Yang Sijin , Jiang Zhihong , zhang wei
Published: August 2023

Background and purpose Although the gut microbiota and its metabolites
have significant protective effects against ischemic stroke(IS), the
exact mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study,the
function of intestinal microecology-kynurenine metabolism has been
explored in IS rats and patients,which could help us deeply to
understand the role of microbiota in the gut-brain axis. Experimental
approach Combined serum metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were
used to reveal the distinctive changes between the gut microbiota and
metabolites in rats with or without blueberry extract.Fecal microbiota
transplantation(FMT) was employed to validate the protective role of gut
microbiota in IS. Furthermore, the interaction between Prevotella and IS
was also confirmed in patients. Key results A positive correlation
between Prevotella and kynurenine (KYN) was obtained in IS rats.
Although the study highlighted that KYN and its metabolites were
strongly activated, the 5-HT pathway was not significantly altered.An
intervention with Prevotella also significantly improved stroke symptoms
by enhancing intestinal barrier function and attenuating the
inflammatory response and decreased KYN levels in IS rats.FMT provided
more evidences to support that the beneficial effects of blueberry
extract on IS involved gut bacteria,especially Prevotella, which have
been confirmed by microbiological analyses conducted on IS
patients.Moreover, blueberry extract led to significant changes in
kynurenic acid,tryptophan and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase protein
through the interaction with Prevotella. Conclusion and implications Our
study demonstrates for the first time that Prevotella and kynurenine
metabolism play important roles in brain-gut signaling.And blueberry
extract could modulate “intestinal microecology-kynurenine metabolism”
to improve IS.
Silybin acts synergistically with mesenchymal stem cells to ameliorate R848-induced lupus-like disease in mice
Authors: Zhao Nan , Abdukiyum Miheraiy , Zheng Yuanyuan , Li wenjing , Huang Mengxi , Li Mei , Alim Tohtihan , Cui Yiyuan , Ying Xie , Tang Xiaojun , Feng Xuebing
Published: August 2023

Objective: To determine the therapeutic effects of silybin (SBI) and its
synergistic effects with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a lupus mouse
model and to explore the therapeutic mechanisms. Methods: TLR7/8 agonist
resiquimod (R848) was applied for the induction of lupus mice.
R848-induced B6 mice were randomly divided into a normal saline control
group, SBI group, MSCs group, and SBI plus MSCs group, and treated with
daily SBI by gavage or received MSCs injection once via the tail vein.
Mice were sacrificed at week 12, with urine, serum, kidney, and spleen
collected. The proportion of cell subsets was detected by flow cytometry
using splenocytes. Results: SBI treatment significantly decreased total
IgG, anti-ds-DNA antibody, and urinary protein levels, as well as renal
IgG and C3 deposition in R848-induced mice. It also increased the
ability of MSCs to suppress splenomegaly and serum antinuclear antibody
levels. In vivo and in vitro studies showed a decrease in the percentage
of Tfh cells after SBI treatment, which was most pronounced when
combined with MSC therapy. When splenocytes of R848-induced mice were
treated with SBI and MSCs in vitro, the expression of genes related to
Tfh cell differentiation, including IL-6, Stat3, and Bcl-6, was reduced,
and the phosphorylation of AKT, S6, and STAT3 proteins in Tfh cells was
decreased. Conclusion: SBI acts synergistically with MSCs to ameliorate
lupus-like features in R848-induced mice. It may enhance the ability of
MSCs to inhibit Tfh cell production by counteracting the activation of
IL-6 and its downstream pathways.
Surgical Management of a Perineal Hernia in a 24-years-old Mare
Authors: Spadari Alessandro , Meistro Federica , Saragoni Giuditta , Rinnovati Riccardo , Ralletti Maria Virginia
Published: August 2023

A rare case of bilateral perineal hernia has been reported in a
24-years-old Italian Trotter mare. This condition is described as a
protrusion of retroperitoneal fat, abdominal or pelvic viscera through
the pelvic diaphragm which supports the rectal wall. It is commonly
recorded in uncastrated old male dogs, occurs very rarely in large
ruminants and, to the author’s knowledge, it has never been described in
horses. Chronic weight loss was the main clinical signs, even if the
main concerns regarded the entrapment and the strangulation of the bowel
content. Palpation demonstrated that the swelling was painless, soft and
reducible. Diagnosis consists in clinical signs, palpation, ultrasound
evaluation and rectal examination. The chosen approach in all the
described cases of perineal hernia in large ruminants was the
appositional herniorrhaphy; for that reason it has been used as the
first surgical choice in our case. Due to its failure, a new surgical
approach was carried out. The second procedure involved the
transposition of the semimembranosus muscle. The short-term outcome
after the second surgery presented no recurrence or complications. It is
therefore necessary to consider perineal hernia among the various
differential diagnosis of perineal swellings in horses and to take in
account the muscle transposition technique as a valid surgical
alternative. Further cases are required to determine its benefits.
Clinical Significance of TP53, PAX5, and JAK2 gene mutation in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Siddiquee Mohd. Faijanur - Rob , Jahir Syeda Jarka , Akter Fatema , Hosen Md. Ismail , Khasru Amirul Morshed , Shekhar Hossain Uddin
Published: August 2023

Background: Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most
common childhood cancer worldwide. Developed countries have a 90%
5-year overall survival rate with proper treatment, while LMICs have a
poor rate of around 30-50%. AIM: The research aims to identify
mutations in frequently mutated genes’ hotspot regions to design
appropriate treatment plans based on patients’ somatic makeup. Methods:
Sanger sequencing was conducted on TP53, PAX5, and JAK2 gene hotspot
regions in 60 Patients with ALL diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic
leukemia, categorized into B-ALL and T-ALL subtypes. Results: The exon
mutation rate was 8.33%. The mutation frequency for PAX5 was 5%, while
for TP53, it was 3.33%. New mutations found in TP53 and PAX5 genes
intron region. None of these mutations was found significant to have a
poor prognosis either on the whole cohort or chemotherapy recipient
patients. Among the mutated samples, Chr17:7674089 (A→C) and
Chr17:7674109 (G→A) were found to have a worse prognosis in patients
diagnosed with T-ALL. Chemotherapy treatment response is significant
with p = 0.011, and there was a linkage between chemotherapy response
and the overall mutation in chemotherapy patients (p=0.0013). The TP53
mutation in chemotherapy patients is related to poor survival (p=0.001)
rather than the PAX5 mutation (p=0.087). Conclusion: TP53 gene mutation
is associated with poor chemotherapy response, and subtypes specific
study is required for the precise treatment plan for Bangladeshi
pediatric patients with ALL.
Improved Tracheostomy-Dependent Patient Outcomes After Implementation of the Pediatric Resident Education in Pulmonary (PREP) Boot Camp
Authors: Khan Erin , M Tai Lockspeiser , Meier Maxene , R Deborah Liptzin , Baker Christopher
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Children with tracheostomies are high risk for
morbidity and mortality. Pediatric resident physicians are not routinely
taught skills to care for this vulnerable patient population. Few
reports link educational interventions to improved patient outcomes.
This study evaluates the impact of an intensive educational training
program on pediatric residents’ observed skills and
tracheostomy-dependent patient outcomes. Methods: Pediatric
post-graduate year 2 (PGY2) resident physicians rotating through the
inpatient pediatric pulmonology month at Children’s Hospital Colorado
July 2018-2019 participated in the Pediatric Resident Education in
Pulmonary (PREP) Boot Camp, an intensive educational program with an
interactive lecture and simulation experience on patients with
tracheostomy-dependence. PGY2s who partook in PREP and PGY3s who rotated
prior to PREP initiation were invited to be studied. Primary outcomes
included: 1) resident skills assessed by direct observation during
simulation encounters and 2) rates of intensive care unit (ICU)
transfers in tracheostomy-dependent patients following acute events
before and after introduction of PREP. We hypothesized that increased
education would enhance resident skills and improve patient outcomes by
decreasing the rate of ICU transfers. Results: PGY2 residents
retained skills learned during PREP up to 11 months following initial
participation, and significantly outperformed their PGY3 counterparts.
There was a significant decrease in ICU transfer rate in patients with
tracheostomies admitted to the pulmonary team during the 19 months
following initiation of PREP. Conclusions: Enhanced early
education improves resident physicians’ ability to care for complex
patients with tracheostomies and improves outcomes in this high-risk
population.
Sarcoma with chondroid differentiation of the breast; a rare entity. About a case
Authors: Cruz-López Jaime E. , Reyna-Beltrán Rosa S. , Hernández-Rubio Angela , Sosa-Durán Erik E. , Hernández-Rico Araceli N. , Flores-Alatriste Daniel , Jiménez-Villanueva Xicotencatl
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground: The primary breast sarcoma (PBS)
was described in 1887. It was a generic term given to malignant breast
tumors. The presentation of a sarcoma of the breast, it is a palpable,
growing rapidly mass, with or without nipple discharge, or palpable
axillary lymph nodes. The PBS can form masses up to 30cm in diameter.
There are many risks factors for developing sarcoma of the breast.
Clinical Case: A 57-year-old female presented with a 30 x 30cm
tumor of the right breast, bleeding with necrosis of two years
evolution. biopsy of the lesion is taken where moderately differentiated
chondrogenic sarcoma is reported. Wide resection plus chest wall
reconstruction (dorsal flap rotation plus partial thickness graft) was
performed. A 45 x 40 cm right chest wall tumor is observed,
intraoperative without palpable lymphadenopathy. She discharged from the
hospital and continues to be monitored. Conclusion: Breast
chondrosarcoma is rare and only a few cases are reported in the
literature. The role of adjuvant therapy in these patients is still
unclear due to the unusual nature of this tumor.
A numerical study of the transient natural convective heat transfer from thin, horizontal, isothermal plates of different shapes in lower Rayleigh number regime
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Koustav , Oosthuizen Patrick
Published: August 2023

Natural convective heat transfer is of paramount importance in cooling
of low power electronic devices or devices in a restricted space. In the
current study, unsteady natural convective heat transfer from both sides
of thin, isothermal, horizontal plates of simple and complex shapes have
been numerically investigated. The plates at 400K were exposed to air at
ambient conditions. The Boussinesq approximation was adopted, i.e., all
fluid properties, except density, were assumed to be constant. The
simulation models were solved using the commercial CFD software ANSYS
FLUENT. Mean heat transfer rates from the upper and lower surfaces of
the plate were calculated using three length scales namely; width of the
plate, square root of single side surface area and 4*Total area/Total
perimeter and were expressed in terms of the transient Nusselt number
for the Rayleigh numbers ranging between 10 to 10
. At the lowest Rayleigh number, the heat transfer
was found to be primarily through conduction. At higher Rayleigh
numbers, the Nusselt number first decreased to a minimum and then
increased to the steady state value, indicating a combined process of
conduction and convection. Unlike width and root area, 4A/P as the
characteristic length scale yielded transient Nusselt number variation,
largely independent of plate shape and size. The minor variations of
heat transfer amongst plates of different shapes at higher Rayleigh
numbers has been explained in terms of the pressure coefficient.
Mapping Losses Through Empirical Extraction of the Spatial External Luminescence Efficiency
Authors: Segev Gideon , Yeshurun Tamir , Fiegenbaum-Raz Mor
Published: August 2023

The performance of photovoltaic cells is determined by the transport and
loss mechanisms within the cells. Thus, quantitative assessment of these
mechanisms is fundamental for device optimization and the evaluation of
new materials and interfaces. In this work we introduce a new method for
in-depth quantitative mapping of loss and charge transport mechanisms
under operando conditions. The spatial external luminescence efficiency
(SELE) is defined as the probability for an electron-hole pair that is
photo-generated at a specific depth within a device, to contribute to
photoluminescence. By coupling incident wavelength-dependent external
luminescence efficiency measurements with optical modeling, we
demonstrate the extraction of the SELE of a GaAs wafer. The SELE
directly maps the competition between radiative and non-radiative
recombination within the device and can thus be used to study the
properties of surfaces and interfaces. Moreover, since the external
luminescence efficiency is related to the obtainable photo-voltage from
the device, the SELE can be used to map the spatial contribution to the
device photo-voltage. The SELE is also calculated using device
simulations that account for charge transport and photon recycling.
These simulations validate the extraction method and attribute features
in the SELE profile to important physical quantities such as the surface
recombination velocity and carrier lifetime.
Liana Attachment to Supports Leads to Profound Changes in Xylem Anatomy and Cambium and Differentiating Xylem Transcriptional Profile
Authors: Lima André Carvalho , Andrade Sónia Cristina da Silva , Gerolamo Caian Souza , Souza Diego , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Rossi Magdalena , Angyalossy Veronica
Published: August 2023

Wood serves crucial functions in plants, yet our understanding of the
molecular regulation governing the composition, arrangement, and
dimensions of its cells remains limited. The abrupt change in wood
anatomy of lianas represents an excellent model to address the
underlying mechanism, although consistent triggering factors for this
process remain uncertain. In this study we examined how physical support
attachment impacts the development of lianescent xylem anatomy in
Bignonia magnifica (Bignoniaceae), employing a comprehensive
approach integrating detailed anatomical analysis with gene expression
profiling of cambium and differentiating xylem. Our findings demonstrate
that attachment to physical supports triggers the formation of
lianescent xylem, leading to increased vessel size, range of vessel
sizes, broader vessel distribution, reduced fiber content, and higher
potential specific water conductivity. These shifts in wood anatomy
coincide with the downregulation of genes associated with cell division
and cell wall biosynthesis, and the upregulation of transcription
factors (TFs), defense/cell death, and hormone-responsive genes in the
lianescent xylem. Based on our results, we propose a model delineating
the molecular control underlying the formation of lianescent xylem,
revealing how the increased complexity of lianescent anatomy reflects a
more intricate transcriptional regulatory network encompassing a more
diverse repertoire of TFs and hormone-responsive genes.
Short-term exposure to second language apps modulates brain responses in pre-schoolers
Authors: Leung Sumie , Perry Conrad , Guy Jessica , Loats Deborah , Highfield Kate , Kaufman Jordy
Published: August 2023

Aims: Previous research showed that short-term second language training
modulates children’s brain responses. However, little is known about how
well young children’s brains process second language-related information
acquired from short-term usage of language-immersive apps. Methodology:
To examine this, we compared the auditory event-related potential (ERP)
to non-native language words learnt via language-immersive applications
(apps), as compared to those learnt via digital flash cards, in
3-5-year-old children. We also compared their auditory ERPs to known and
unknown words. Data analysis: Thirty-two participants have completed the
(audio) word-picture pair experiment while their electroencephalography
(EEG) was recorded. We compared the auditory ERPs in the 200-300ms
window and the 400-600ms window between the apps group and the
flash-card group, and the response to the known and unknown words.
Results: We found that the early positive potential (of the whole group)
to the known words was significantly larger than that to the unknown
words. Further, the early negative potential of the language immersed
group was significantly larger than that of the flash card group.
Conclusions: Short-term training from language-immersive apps has a
positive impact on the developing brain.
Maternal Substance Use, Unpredictability of Sensory Signals and Child Cognitive Development: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Hyysalo Noora , Sorsa Minna , Holmberg Eeva , Korja Riikka , Davis Elysia , Flykt Marjo
Published: August 2023

Both maternal substance use and unpredictability of her sensory signals
may affect child development, but no studies have examined them
together. We explored the unpredictability, frequency, and duration of
maternal sensory signals in 59 mother-child dyads, 34 with and 25
without maternal substance use. We also examined the association between
unpredictability of maternal signals and children’s cognitive
development. Maternal sensory signals were evaluated with videorecorded
dyadic free-play interactions at child age of 24 months. Children’s
cognitive development was evaluated with Bayley-III at 24 months and
with WPPSI-III at 48 months. We found no differences in sensory signals
between substance-using and non-using mothers. Higher unpredictability
of maternal sensory signals was associated with poorer child cognitive
and language development at 24 months and with poorer nonverbal
reasoning at 48 months. Unpredictability of maternal sensory signals may
be a vital parenting aspect shaping children’s development, but more
research is needed in high-risk groups.
Effects of exhaust gas recirculation on diesel engine using hybrid biodiesel
Authors: Sudalaimani Ananthakumar , Rajendran Barathiraja , Jothi Thiyagaraj , Mohankumar Ashokkumar
Published: August 2023

The primary aim of this study is to alternate between conventional fossil fuels and reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases and sulfur dioxide from diesel engines. In the current study, to mitigate NOx emissions, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technique was implemented utilizing hybrid alternate biodiesel at three varying proportions of 5%, 10%, and 15% at an optimum compression ratio of 20:1. The findings demonstrate that for hybrid alternative biodiesel at a compression ratio of 20:1 and fully loaded, the brake thermal efficiency (BTHE) is 31.8% with 10% EGR. With 15% EGR, the peak pressure for the hybrid biodiesel is lower than it would be without EGR by around 2.28%. When EGR is increased, the ignition delay and NOx emissions are reduced slightly. With only an increase in EGR rates of up to 10%, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values were reduced efficiently. The hybrid biodiesel with 10% EGR reduces exhaust gas temperature to 341?C.
The combined role of metacognition and mindfulness in social anxiety symptoms: A path model
Authors: Obuca Faruk , Aydın Orkun , Çakıroğlu Süleyman , Ünal-Aydın Pınar
Published: August 2023

Although social anxiety disorder (SAD) is widespread and associated with
significant distress, its etiology is not yet fully explored. We aimed to
examine how metacognitions and mindfulness interact with SAD symptoms. 531
college students were enrolled in this study. Participants completed the
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), the Metacognition Questionnaire-30
(MCQ-30), and the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). A path
analysis was run to explore the associations between test variables. A
positive correlation was found between metacognition and SAD symptoms, while
mindfulness negatively correlated with SAD symptoms and metacognition. In
the established path model, metacognition had an indirect effect on SAD
symptoms, which is partially mediated by mindfulness. Our findings imply
that metacognitions and mindfulness may influence SAD symptoms among young
adults. Mindfulness seems to have a prominent role in regulating
metacognition's effects on SAD symptoms. Therefore, interventions that
accurately target these factors may alleviate the symptoms of this
debilitating psychological disturbance.
Randomization to a Provided Higher-Complex-Carbohydrate Versus Conventional Diet in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Results in Similar Newborn Adiposity
Authors: Hernandez Teri L. , Farabi Sarah S. , Fosdick Bailey K. , Hirsch Nicole , Dunn Emily Z. , Rolloff Kristy , Corbett John P. , Haugen Elizabeth , Marden Tyson , Higgins Janine , Friedman Jacob E. , Barbour Linda A.
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

Nutrition therapy for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has conventionally focused on carbohydrate restriction. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we tested the hypothesis that a diet (all meals provided) with liberalized complex carbohydrate (60%) and lower fat (25%) (CHOICE diet) could improve maternal insulin resistance and 24-h glycemia, resulting in reduced newborn adiposity (NB%fat; powered outcome) versus a conventional lower-carbohydrate (40%) and higher-fat (45%) (LC/CONV) diet.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

After diagnosis (at ∼28–30 weeks’ gestation), 59 women with diet-controlled GDM (mean ± SEM; BMI 32 ± 1 kg/m2) were randomized to a provided LC/CONV or CHOICE diet (BMI-matched calories) through delivery. At 30–31 and 36–37 weeks of gestation, a 2-h, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) was worn for 72 h. Cord blood samples were collected at delivery. NB%fat was measured by air displacement plethysmography (13.4 ± 0.4 days).

RESULTS

There were 23 women per group (LC/CONV [214 g/day carbohydrate] and CHOICE [316 g/day carbohydrate]). For LC/CONV and CHOICE, respectively (mean ± SEM), NB%fat (10.1 ± 1 vs. 10.5 ± 1), birth weight (3,303 ± 98 vs. 3,293 ± 81 g), and cord C-peptide levels were not different. Weight gain, physical activity, and gestational age at delivery were similar. At 36–37 weeks of gestation, CGM fasting (86 ± 3 vs. 90 ± 3 mg/dL), 1-h postprandial (119 ± 3 vs. 117 ± 3 mg/dL), 2-h postprandial (106 ± 3 vs. 108 ± 3 mg/dL), percent time in range (%TIR; 92 ± 1 vs. 91 ± 1), and 24-h glucose area under the curve values were similar between diets. The %time >120 mg/dL was statistically higher (8%) in CHOICE, as was the nocturnal glucose AUC; however, nocturnal %TIR (63–100 mg/dL) was not different. There were no between-group differences in OGTT glucose and insulin levels at 36–37 weeks of gestation.

CONCLUSIONS

A ∼100 g/day difference in carbohydrate intake did not result in between-group differences in NB%fat, cord C-peptide level, maternal 24-h glycemia, %TIR, or insulin resistance indices in diet-controlled GDM.
Methyl donor nutrient intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from 3 large US cohorts
Authors: Sawicki Caleigh M. , Haslam Danielle E. , V.E. Braun Kim , Drouin-Chartier Jean-Philippe , Voortman Trudy , Franco Oscar H. , Sun Qi , Hu Frank B. , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N.
Published: August 2023

  

Objective: We examined whether intake of methyl donor nutrients, including vitamins B2, B6, and B12, and folate, from foods and/or supplements is associated with type 2 diabetes risk.

Design and Methods: We included 203,644 women and men from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2016), Nurses' Health Study 2 (1991-2017), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2016). Dietary data were collected every 2-4 years using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates were used to evaluate associations between each nutrient and type 2 diabetes risk. Cohort-specific hazard ratios were combined using inverse variance-weighted fixed effects meta-analyses.

Results: During 4,900,181 person-years of follow-up, we documented 19,475 incident type 2 diabetes cases. In multivariable-adjusted meta-analyses, participants in the highest quintile of total vitamin B2 and B6 intakes had lower risk of diabetes compared with those in the lowest quintile [HR(95% CI): 0.93(0.89, 0.98) for B2; 0.93(0.89, 0.97) for B6]. When stratified by source, significant associations remained for B2 from food, but not from supplements. Neither association for B6 from food or supplements attained significance. No association was observed between total B12 intake and diabetes. However, B12 from food was marginally associated with a higher diabetes risk [HR(95% CI): 1.05(1.00-1.11)], but not after additional adjustment for red meat intake [HR(95% CI): 1.04(0.99-1.10)]. No evidence of association was observed between intakes of folate and diabetes.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that higher intake of vitamin B2 and B6, especially B2 from food sources, may be associated with a modestly lower type 2 diabetes risk.
Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum. (Fabry's disease).
Authors: Dilorenzo PA , Kleinfeld J , Tellman W , Nay L
Published: August 2023

No abstract available
Effects of x-irradiation on the skin. I. Histochemistry of acute changes in the
Authors: Kurban AK , Farah FS.
Published: August 2023

No abstract available
The effect of occlusive treatment on human skin: an electron microscopic study on epidermal morphology as affected by occlusion and dansyl chloride
Authors: Lindberg M. , Johannesson A. , Forslind B.
Published: August 2023

The effect of occlusion on epidermal morphology was studied at electron microscopic resolution. the morphological changes recorded were relatively mild, though conspicuous, and consisted in dilatation of the intercellular space, appearance of cytoplasmic vacuoles and an oedematous change in the dermis. Stereological analysis showed that the dilatation of the intercellular space had a biphasic time-dependent course. Dansyl chloride applied under occlusion was shown to cause the same type of changes as did simple occlusion, but the changes appeared earlier.
HLA antigens in discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Tongio MM. , Fersing J. , Hauptmann G. , Mayer S. , Grange D. , Samsoen M. , Groshans E.
Published: August 2023

HLA-A, B, C and Bf typing was performed in 55 cases of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE). When both the sex and age of the patient at the onset of the disease were taken into consideration (group I under 40 years, group II over 40), the following increases in antigen frequency were observed: group I: A2 in women, B5, A10 in men; group II: Aw19.2 in women, B8 in both sexes. Nevertheless, if the probability is multiplied by the number of antigens tested, these results are no longer significant.
Desmosome formation in normal human epidermal cell culture
Authors: Hino H. , Kobayasi T. , Asboe-Hansen G.
Published: August 2023

Keratinocytes were dissociated from normal human adult epidermis with clostridial collagenase, dithio-erythritol and trypsin, and cultured. Immediately after this, no connection was seen between contiguous cells. Ruptured desmosomes, with masses of tonofilaments and distinct attachment plaques were still left on the cell surface. As culture proceeded, however, they became internalized into cytoplasm. As soon as culture was started and the cells established contact with each other, forming conglomerates, they began to form desmosomes. The cell membranes of a limited area which were in contact with neighbouring cells became thicker and formed attachment plaques. In the intercellular space of the desmosomal portion, fine filaments developed and a midline formed. The progress of desmosome formation was classified into six types.
Phenotype of cells involved in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome (blood and skin lesions): immunomorphological study with monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Schmitt D. , Souteyrand P. , Brochier J. , Czernielewski J. , Thivolet J.
Published: August 2023

The phenotypic expression of immunocompetent cells involved in lesions of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides and S√©zary syndrome) was studied by using monoclonal antibodies specific for T-cell subsets and HLA-DR antigens (OKT3, T4, T6, T8) (BL 6, BL 5, BL 2). In S√©zary syndrome, the phenotype of S√©zary cell is homogeneous (T3+, T4+, T8-, T6-, BL2-) and corresponds to the phenotype expressed by the normal helper T-cell population. At the ultrastructural level, the discontinuous distribution of OKT4 and OKT3 antigenic sites on the cell surface is similar to the HTLA antigens. In skin lesions, the Langerhans cells expressed two specificities shared by normal thymocytes (T6 and BL6). We suggest that the expression of these antigens could be related to the epithelial microenvironment (epithelium-dependent differentiation antigens). The tumoral lymphoid cells infiltrating the skin showed the same phenotype (helper type) as the circulating S√©zary cells (T3+, T4+, T8-, T6-). Moreover, the T3+ cells also expressed HLA-DR antigens and corresponded to activated T lymphocytes. The various subpopulations of immunocompetent cells seemed to be related to the MHC-derived antigens.
Methylglyoxal BIS (guanylhydrazone) and alpha-difluoromethylornithine-induced polyamine deprivation in psoriatic lesions
Authors: Kousa M. , Käpyaho K. , Lauharanta J. , Linnamaa K. , Jänne J. , Mustakallio K.
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Excessive cerumen production due to the aromatic retinoid Tigason in a patient with Darier´s disease
Authors: Kramer M.
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Lymphocyte transformation in vitro in acute dermatophytosis: a follow-up study
Authors: Stahl D. , Svejgaard E.
Published: August 2023

Sixteen patients with recently acquired (= nonchronic) dermatophytosis were studied clinically and immunologically before, during and after treatment for 6 months. The methods applied were lymphocyte transformation in vitro (LTT) and intra-dermal test (IDT). Phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, purified protein derivate (PPD) and water-soluble extracts of Trichophyton (T) rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and Candida albicans were used as stimulators. In the LTT the patients in all four studies showed normal general immune responses. Compared with a control group of 22 healthy persons, lymphocytes of the patients showed significantly stronger stimulation with the T. rubrum extract (0.01 greater than p greater than 0.001) throughout the 6 months. The degree of stimulation after one month (the second study) was significantly stronger (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.01) than in the other studies. The stimulation in the last (fourth) study was the lowest (not significant). IDT showed a majority of delayed-type reactions (47-67%) in patients as compared with 7-13% in the controls, when using dermatophyte antigens. Three patients had an immediate-type reaction or mixed reactions. A correlation was found between the severity of lesions and the degree of stimulation in LTT (p less than 0.02 for T. rubrum, p less than 0.007 for T. mentagrophytes). In contrast, no relationship was found between IDT and clinical symptoms, and there was only a slight tendency toward correspondence between the results of IDT and LTT.
Lymphoma in dermatitis herpetiformis: report on four cases
Authors: Reunala T. , Helin H. , Kuokkanen K. , Hakala T.
Published: August 2023

Four patients suffering from protracted dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) developed lymphomas while undergoing gluten-free diet treatment. This had lasted between 6 months and 4 years. The first patient died of histiocytic lymphoma involving mesenterial lymph nodes, liver, spleen and blood marrow. The second patient died of histiocytic lymphoma disseminated in the ileum, colon, stomach and mesenterium. This patient had been operated on 14 years earlier for a solitary ulcerating lymphoma in the ileum. The third patient had a localized histiocytic lymphoma in the colon. This was successfully removed by hemicholectomy. The fourth patient had a lymphocytic lymphoma of B-cell origin in the inguinal lymph nodes which was treated with radiotherapy. These 4 patients with lymphomas suggest that, like coeliac disease patients, DH patients also run an increased risk of developing lymphomas.