bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOTOR IMAGERY TOGETHER WITH CONVENTIONAL THERAPY WILL BE EQUAL TO OR MORE EFFECTIVE THAN CONVENTIONAL ALONE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF GAIT IN STROKE PATIENT
Authors: Khurana Dr. Barkha , Dobhal Dr. Ashish , Singhal Dr. Vishesh
Published: April 2019

Strokes can result in many different disabilities, ranging from motor control and urinary incontinence to depression and memory loss. Stroke usually occurs on only one side of the brain, so decreased motor control (the ability to move muscles in a coordinated manner) usually develops on only one side of the body. Total 30 participants including both male and female who were previously diagnosed by Neurologist was recruited for the study. Subject will be selected as per convenient sampling and assigned into two groups i.e. Group –A (Experimental group) and Group-B (Control Group). In group-A subjects were given motor imagery and conventional therapy both; in group-B subjects were given conventional therapy alone. This group received Motor imagery (10-15 minute) & Conventional therapy (30-40 minutes) both and it was given in single session of 45-50 minutes. The program was conducted for 3 times per week. Total duration of both programs was for 4 weeks. For group B Intervention of Conventional therapy alone was given for 30-40 min. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding their age. Group A got 13 subjects with (mean age = 65.46 years ±7.55) and Group B got 13 subjects with (mean age = 65.69 ±5.58). Both programs were conducted in the respective participant’s home and hospital environment. The procedure requires only a stopwatch, two felt tip marking pens with washable ink, and a 16-m (53ft) walkway that is premeasured and marked with masking tape at four points. Initially subjects were introduced with Motor Imagery technique. Statistics are performed by using SPSS 13 and Sigma state. t- Test was used for analysis of data. Paired t-test was applied to compare the data of Gait assessment (stride length, step length, gait velocity and cadence) within group. Student t-test was used to compare the data of gait assessment (stride length, step length, gait velocity and cadence) between groups. The statistical significance was set at 0.05 at 95% confidence interval and P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Key words: Strokes, Gait assessment, Motor Imagery and Conventional therapy.
小学语文教育教学点滴
Authors: 杨 兴丽
Published: April 2019

在新课程改革的理念和背景下,如何搞好创新教育,提高教育教学质量,让每一个学生得到更全面的发展,是每位教师面临的挑战。多年教学经历,让我深深地感受到：细节决定成败,习惯决定未来。而小学语文的教学在整个小学教育教学过程中有着重要的作用。本文笔者以自己工作经验为基础,浅谈小学语文教育教学点滴,以期给相关工作者提供参考。
趣味教学在小学英语教学中的应用探析
Authors: 任 艳
Published: April 2019

随着经济、政治全球化的发展,英语作为一种全球通用语言走入了我们的小学课堂中。由于小学生的年龄特点,对英语这种新鲜事物有着非常大的好奇心。在小学英语课堂教学中,适当地运用趣味进行教学,可以提高学生的学习兴趣,调动课堂氛围；在课外活动中适当运用趣味教学可以使学生在潜移默化中学到英语知识,在活动中快乐的运动和学习。基于此,本文就趣味教学在小学英语教学中的应用进行了探析。
大数据背景下景观专业教育方法改革的探讨
Authors: 孙 凤丹
Published: April 2019

随着大数据时代的到来以及全球化的发展进程,促使全世界共享经济技术进步的成果。目前景观设计专业实践的范围越来越广泛,涉及的工程项目也越来越复杂,不仅追求形式与功能的多样性,同时也重视空间、技术与材料的体现,并且把人的情感、社会性、文化性纳入到景观设计之中。高校的景观专业教育事业在大数据的影响下也随之发生了变化,大数据技术被广泛应用在高校教育的各个方面,例如,通过大数据技术发展的教育评价、课堂教学以及教育模式等。高校的景观专业教学是最有效的教育途径,在大数据背景下,如何进行景观专业教学方法的改革,是目前景观专业教育关注的主要问题。
小学语文课堂小练笔的类型研究
Authors: 邢 杨
Published: April 2019

在新课程改革日渐深入的态势之下,小学语文课堂产生了新变化,小练笔的应用受到重视。小练笔突出有选材小、与日常生活相符、思维空间广泛等独特特点,而且便于学生写作、不会造成较大的写作压力,以其精简特性有利于改进小学生写作空洞、牵强赋词等问题。课堂小练笔作为一种新兴的写作方式,在目前小学语文课堂中的应用还是比较呆板的,为解决这类问题,本文便对小学语文课堂小练笔的类型做出研究。
由《广志绎》看明末文人的民生思想
Authors: 杨 春
Published: April 2019

明代中晚期是中国历史上重要的社会与文化变迁时期。面对商品经济的发展与所谓的“资本主义萌芽”的出现,统治者却进一步加强了封建专制主义中央集权制度,让中国错失近代化的机遇。那么,介于统治的主体和客体之间的中高级官员,应得到关注。他们身为统治阶层,其思想主张会有加强皇权、维护统治的倾向；而作为知识分子,其布衣出身或早年游历的经历,会使他们在经济、民生等问题上有自己的见解。王士性仕途坎坷,“宦辙几遍天下”,其经济、民生等方面的思想在《广志绎》中得以充分体现,具有典型性。对其思想进行梳理,有助于理解明王朝为何在商业繁荣的情况下没有走向现代化道路。
创新优化教学环节——对学生作业过程有效管理策略的研究
Authors: 杨 绪海
Published: April 2019

[1]张奠宙,李士錡,李俊.数学教育学导论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004:32-41.
国有企业服务型党组织建设的思考
Authors: 孙 佳
Published: April 2019

党的十九大报告明确提出：“要以提升组织力为重点,突出政治功能,把企业、农村、机关、学校、科研院所、街道社区、社会组织等基层党组织建设成为宣传党的主张、贯彻党的决定、领导基层治理、团结动员群众、推动改革发展的坚强战斗堡垒。”这是党中央对党的基层组织建设的新定位、新部署、新要求,为全面加强基层党组织建设指明了方向。
浅谈如何围绕教育抓党建、抓好党建教育促发展
Authors: 谢 先成
Published: April 2019

近年来,在上级党委的正确领导下,我国建筑企业党支部坚持“围绕教育抓党建,搞好党建促发展”的工作思想,努力在“高起点,高水平,高质量的党建工作”下苦工。围绕建筑企业为中心,大力加强党的组织建设和干部队伍建设,不断增强党组织的凝聚力,战斗力和创造力,充分发挥党员的先进作用,提供强有力的政治和组织保障。用于实现建筑企业发展目标。
Formation of Democratic Confidence and Self-Awareness of Future Educational Staff of Preschool Education
Authors: A. Nazarenko Halina , I. Lomakina Halyna , V. Kolgan Tetyana
Published: April 2019

The development of the democratic foundations of Ukrainian society highlights the problem of formation of democratic confidence and self-awareness of future educators of pre-school establishments who should be prepared not only for the independent professional activity in the conditions of democracy, but also for social protection of the rights of pre-school children in cooperation with other subjects of a democratic society. The article outlines the essence, structural components, criteria and indicators of the formation of democratic confidence and identity of the student youth. The methodology and results of diagnostics of the level of democratic confidence and students’ self-awareness are presented. The actual aspects for modernization of the content of social and humanitarian training of future educators in pre-school educational institutions on the principles of human-centered philosophy and the theory of democracy as the power of the people are proposed. The results of the approbation of the author’s elective course “Democratic Principles of the Ukrainian State” are highlighted.
Social Project Planning in the Continuing Education System of the University
Authors: Venediktovna Smirnova Zhanna , Igorevna Vaganova Olga , Mikhailovna Maltseva Svetlana , Vladislavovna Golubeva Olga , Vladimirovna Katkova Olga , Valerievna Chanchina Anna
Published: April 2019

The implementation of social projects is an increasingly popular and effective practice. The subjects of all age groups can be their target audience: from preschoolers who want to promote their creative potential, young people focused on professional self-determination to middle age persons taking interest in the expansion of their information horizons and opportunities of older people who want to address gaps in knowledge in order to adapt to social and technical changes. The paper deals with the problem of andragogic education as a factor of adaptation and socialization of older people who feel fear and uncertainty in the world that is shifting to the common usage of information technology. The purpose of the paper is analysis and description of the process of educational support with the use of social project planning of a vulnerable group of older people. The novelty is practical results obtained on the base of a pedagogical university when implementing socially oriented projects on the generation of computer literacy in older people. The “Available environment: computer literacy improvement” course allows this social group not only to adapt to ever-changing conditions of life but also contributes to their spiritual and physical longevity, social activity and improvement of the quality of life in general. The results and effectiveness of the social project are evaluated using questioning, interview, and observation before and after delivered lessons. The assessment criteria were formed and subjected to adjustment in the course of project implementation and are based on quantity and quality factors. The main criterion was the students’ formed steady motivation to further independent use of the computer, development of computer skills and practical use. Further demand of the course and findings allowed stating the achievement of set goals.
Watudakon Citizens 'Social Conflict on Joker Toll Road Development in 2017 in Kesamben District, Jombang Regency
Authors: Hasan Afandi Ahmad , Chairul Basrun Umanailo M.
Published: April 2019

Potential conflicts between citizens and the government always color the pace of toll road construction, in terms of land acquisition, land acquisition until the completion of the construction phase. The conflict began with the presence of Watudakon villagers protesting against the construction of toll roads that crossed their territory. This happened because the residents considered the land purchased by the implementing party, namely PT Marga Harja Infrastruktur (MHI), far below the general market price. In principle, the construction of the Jombang-Mojokerto toll road is intended for the benefit of the community, but it should be noted that the potential for conflict is still ongoing even though the inauguration of the toll road has been carried out by the Indonesian president Joko Widodo. This situation results in the turmoil of minority conflicts which can result in large conflicts which lead to anarchic actions due to the lack of understanding of the law in the community. The method in this study uses qualitative with a case study approach and the writing is descriptive, that is by examining existing objects and want to give an idea of the object of the research. The data sources used in this study are primary and secondary data. In order to produce a discussion of land disputes, toll road construction disputes, dispute disputes and dispute resolution through court channels to produce the amount of compensation payments to the communities affected by the release.
Una visión alterna de la firma desde la organización, el aprendizaje y los paradigmas tecnológicos.
Authors: Galvis Ciro Juan Camilo , Echavarría Arcila María Alejandra
Published: April 2019

Este documento presenta una reflexión acerca de los conceptos de  empresa y tecnología. Para ello, se discuten otras visiones de la empresa que difieren con la visión neoclásica, las cuales consideran el esquema organizativo, los paradigmas tecnológicos y el aprendizaje organizacional. Es evidente que los conceptos neoclásicos de empresa y de tecnología son limitados y no permiten comprender la dinámica de las firmas en las economías de mercado.Como resultado se propone una concepción alternativa de la tecnología y de la empresa, así como una nueva esquematización de la firma.
Diagnóstico financiero y desempeño exportador de las MIPYMES Colombianas.
Authors: Barbosa Camargo María Ines , Camelo Rincón Milton Samuel , Deaza Ávila José Armando , Rodríguez Cañas Gonzalo Andrés
Published: April 2019

Esta investigación se centra en el desempeño de las exportaciones y las limitaciones financieras que enfrentan las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MiPyMEs) colombianas en los mercados internacionales. Se entrevistó a un grupo específico de empresas y se aplicaron técnicas estadísticas. Los resultados indican que los principales problemas que enfrentan las empresas son los bajos niveles de innovación, el uso de tecnología atrasada, el bajo capital humano y las prácticas de gestión.
生态水利设计理念在城市河道治理工程中的应用探究
Authors: 张 军 , 谢 军 , 董 育武
Published: April 2019

随着社会经济的飞速进步，城镇化与工业化建设进度不断提速，在一定限度上污染了我国的环境。现今，河水污染与洪水灾难发生率不断提升，人们逐步注重起水利项目的发展与建设。而在改造水利项目建设的进程中，关键的对象是河道，所以要引入最新生态水利设计理念来治理城市河道，遵照总体性与景观尺度的原则，确保城市水利建设朝着生态水利的方向进展，加强营造和创设优良的生态环境。鉴于此，对生态水利设计理念在城市河道治理工程中的运用展开了详细的剖析与探究。
碾压式沥青混凝土心墙低温施工技术分析
Authors: 赵 奠新
Published: April 2019

沥青混凝土防渗墙特点包括防渗能力强、变形适应性能好、无需使用黏土、工程量小等，因此在工程中应用较多。结合某具体工程案例，对0℃～5℃低温范围内水利枢纽工程碾压式沥青混凝土心墙低温施工进行了分析，通过设定实验条件、设定施工配合比和采取一定的保温措施，来验证控制措施对施工质量的影响，最终实验结果表明采取一定施工控制措施即可保证工程质量，延长施工作业时间，满足设计要求，这为今后开展此类工程提供了借鉴。
A Review on Opioid Dependence, Mechanism and Treatments Used: Option of Treatments: Modern versus Alternative Medicine
Authors: Ahmad Nor Zidah , Mat Khairi Che , Mohamad Nasir , Husain Rohayah Binti , Bakar Nor Hidayah Abu , Zakaria Nur Husna , Hashim Siti Norhajah , Mohd Adnan Liyana Hazwani , Mohamad Shariff Mohamad Halim
Published: April 2019

Opioid dependence is one of the severe social problems encountered by civilization nowadays. Prior to the illicit use of opioid, an abundance of research had been done in order to understand the molecular and cellular action of the opioid. In spite of that, the actual cellular mechanism remains controversial. Hence, this review is targeting on the mechanism of opioid dependence in a biochemical pathway and treatments available either via drug medication or the use of natural remedies to treat opioid dependence.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.171-177
Thrombophilia in Pregnancy and Puerperium
Authors: Dewan Farhana , Chowdhury Mariha Alam , Nessa Khairun
Published: April 2019

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.178-183
Assessment on the awareness level about diarrhoea and its management among mothers attending outpatient department in a rural hospital of West Bengal, India
Authors: Basu Pampa , Chakrabartty Arupkumar , Bhattacharya Salil , Bhattacharya Krishnadas , Dasgupta Urmila , Bhattacharya Saikat , Ali Kazi Monjur
Published: April 2019

Background: Diarrhoea is one of the leading causes of under-five childhood morbidity and mortality in India, despite the availability of easy interventions through oral rehydration at the community level. The level of knowledge varies from country to country and within the country, further variations exist in state, district and sub district level based on difference in socio-demographic characteristics of the population. And based on these variations, different community needs different health education efforts in its extent and approaches. It was therefore relevant to explore the level of awareness about diarrhoea and its management among the mothers who were the first level of caregivers.

Objective: To assess the level of knowledge about diarrhoea and oral rehydration therapy among the mothers having their children of 6 months to 5 yrs with diarrhea

Materials and methods: It was a facility based cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study conducted among 62 mothers having their children of 6 months to five years with diarrhoea. Mothers attended a rural hospital under the geographical area of Madhyamgram in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. Data was collected by face to face interview of the mothers in the outpatient department of the hospital using a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. The analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0 using bivariate and multivariate (multiple logistic regression model) to examine the statistical significance at 95% confidence interval.

Results: Mean knowledge score was 7.8 (Range 0-17). Lower knowledge score group (0-8) accounted to 36 persons (37.1%) and higher knowledge group (9-19) accounted to 26 persons (62.9%). Knowledge about alarming symptoms of the dehydration was significantly poor. At the individual level, literacy of women and their caste were strongly associated with the knowledge about diarrhoea and its management. At the household level, the way of the disposal of household garbage was also strongly associated.

Conclusion: Considering the poor knowledge of the mothers, the study recommends for extensive health education measures widely in the community with a special focus for the illiterate and socio-economically lower groups, and also for the families having the practice of open garbage disposal.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.267-273
Learner Perceptions Regarding the Lecture and the Small Group Discussion as Teaching/Learning Methods in Physiology”
Authors: Paul Preetha , Subramanyam Lalitha , Raghunathan Geetha , Arumugam Balaji
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Physiology has traditionally been taught through lectures, but other methods are now being tried. One of these, the small group discussion (SGD), is considered to be more tuned to learners’ needs compared to the lecture.

Aim: This study was undertaken to determine learner perceptions on the lecture and the SGD as teaching/learning methods in physiology.

Methods: Ninety-seven first MBBS students were taught Physiology in both lecture and SGD formats for a whole year. Feedback was then obtained from the students using a validated and structured questionnaire. Data was entered in Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS software.

Results and Discussion: Learners felt that both the lecture and the SGD helped them understand basic principles well (93.4 and 93.3%), contributed effectively to the learning process (84.6 and 90%) and fostered critical thinking skills (64.9 and 68.9%). For delivery of basic concepts, learners preferred the lecture for its systematic presentation. SGDs were perceived to promote active participation of learners (85.6%), encourage facilitator-learner interaction (87.8), and retain student interest better (62.2%).Overall, learning was better-stimulated by the SGD (73.4%) rather than the lecture (35.2%).

Conclusion: In the teaching/learning of physiology, appropriate use of both the lecture and the SGD will serve to nurture and sustain learner interest effectively.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.274-278
Challenges in Managing A Patient With Central Post-Stroke Pain
Authors: Salim Mazatulfazura SF , Hanafi Muhammad Hafiz , Chin Tan Yew , Kassim Nur Karyatee , Mazlan Mazlina
Published: April 2019

Objective: This is a case illustration of the challenges in managing a patient with central post stroke pain secondary to right thalamic bleed. We describe in detail the events of this case management and the challenges that we had encountered. Method: We report a case of a 68-yearold lady who had right thalamic bleed secondary to hypertensive crisis in 2015 and was further complicated with central post stroke pain over the hemiparetic side. In our report, we describe in detail the challenges in managing the patient to improve her function to achieve a better quality of life.

Conclusion: This article illustrates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and knowledge of various methods in managing a patient with central post stroke pain.
ANALISIS SENTIMEN OPINI PUBLIK BAHASA INDONESIA TERHADAP WISATA TMII MENGGUNAKAN NAÏVE BAYES DAN PSO
Authors: Hayuningtyas Ratih Yulia , Sari Retno
Published: April 2019

Sentiment analysis is a text analysis to identify an opinion. Public opinion or reviews are important for visitors who will travel to tourist because of the reviews will produce information about the destination. One of the tourist attractions in Indonesia that Taman Mini Indonesia Indah one of the tourist attractions that has extraordinary. Reviews about Taman Mini Indonesia Indah make it difficult for visitors to draw conclusions about information about Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. Therefore a classification method in study with Naïve Bayes and PSO methods. In study using data as many 50 positive reviews and 50 negative reviews where the results of accuracy obtained using the Naïve Bayes method of 70% while the accuracy of using Naïve Bayes and PSO is 94,02%.
KLASIFIKASI PENERIMA DANA BANTUAN DESA MENGGUNAKAN METODE KNN (K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR)
Authors: Hasanah Riyan Latifahul , Hasan Muhamad , Pangesti Witriana Endah , Wati Fanny Fatma , Gata Windu
Published: April 2019

Determining the status of poor families as recipients of assistance is very important so that poverty reduction assistance from the government can be channeled on target. Data mining utilizes experience or even mistakes in the past to improve the quality of the model and the results of its analysis, one of which is the ability possessed by data mining techniques, namely classification. The purpose of this study was to test K-Fold Cross Validation in the K-Nearst Neighbors algorithm in predicting receipt of village aid funds. In the beneficiary dataset used in this study, there were 159 records or tuples with four attributes (house condition, income, employment and number of dependents). The new data category prediction is done by using the Euclidean Distance manual calculation stage of five different K values. While using the Rapidminer application aims to test the accuracy of the dataset in five different K values. The results show that with K=15 and K=30 the new data (D160) has a "Not Eligible" category with an accuracy of 100%. Then with K=45, K=60 and K=75, the new data (D160) has the category "Eligible" with an accuracy rate of 81.25%.
Household remoteness and patterns of food production and consumption in Tajikistan
Authors: Anderson Heather , Wood Elizabeth A. , Kowalewska Agata , Ludgate Nargiza , McKune Sarah
Published: April 2019

Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are significant public health problems in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan, with over 26% of children under age 5 being stunted and 30% being anemic. The Khatlon Province is the country’s largest agricultural area where people are often dependent on home gardens to ensure food security. The proximity of households to resources such as markets, roads, and infrastructure can affect food availability, diets, and diversity of agricultural products for consumption. This study aims to evaluate whether the remoteness of a household affects the production, consumption, and acquisition of specific crops among households in Khatlon Province, Tajikistan. A remote household was defined as one that is distant from markets and the main center of population, difficult to travel to, and has limited resources. This cross-sectional study used a household survey and focus groups to measure crop production, consumption, and food acquisition. Household surveys were administered to 107 households in six Khatlon districts and 15 focus groups were conducted in various rural villages within Khatlon. Data was analyzed using a two-sample t-test for the household surveys and NVivo software for capturing major themes within the focus groups. Results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference when comparing households for remoteness in regard to crop production, frequency of consumption, and acquisition. Frequency of food consumption was similar when comparing remoteness but significantly decreased among all households when the crop was not in season. Programs that increase agricultural knowledge about production and extended growing season are extremely beneficial to improve nutrition in these vulnerable households. Additionally, gender-related concerns were discovered within the qualitative data such as the double burden of working to maintain crops as well as managing a household. Therefore, interventions based around agricultural production and acquisition should target women.
Food security in the era of climate change in Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Abegunrin G. , Timothy Abegunrin T.
Published: April 2019

This study highlights the various effects climate change has on the availability of food for the teeming populace of Nigeria to ensure food security. Developing countries are plagued by inadequate access to good quality and quantity of food to ensure growth and development, thereby resulting into a lot of challenges like malnutrition, health issues, infant mortality, and migration to other areas. The current practice of Agriculture in Nigeria was taken into consideration, the impact it has on the entire population and the effects climate change has on it. Nigeria, like most other developing countries, is affected in a very important and critical manner by the adverse effects of environmental crises, most of which are direct influences of climate change and this change in the long run has effect on food security. The study recommended that infrastructural facilities, social interventions in the form of food aid, and policies which encourage agricultural production should be put in place in rural areas to help reduce the incidence of rural-urban migration and to encourage agricultural production so as to ensure that all the citizens of the country are food secured.
Livelihood assessment of avocado growing in western Kenya and its socioeconomic implications using agricultural extension services
Authors: George Ouma , Duncan Odhiambo G. , David Musyimi , Johnson Kwach
Published: April 2019

Avocado (Persia americana) is an important world crop. In Kenya, it has become a very important crop but its production is limited by several factors. Studies were conducted in the Lake Victoria Basin counties of Bunyala in Busia, Kisumu, Muhoroni, Nyando and Rachuonyo in western Kenya to investigate the socioeconomic factors affecting Avocado production.  Information were collected from focus group discussions, key informants, individual interviews and secondary sources. Statistical Package for Social Scientist was used to analyze data collected interpreted and reported.  The objectives were to assess how Avocado growers in western Kenya using Agricultural extension services affects the Livelihood of farmers considering their level of education and extension services and the implication it has on their decisions making to invest in Avocado production. There was positive relationship within the participating farmers as relates their level of education, income and availability of extension services that led to high adoption of inputs, choice of rootstocks to grow the crop, varieties chosen, planting, cultural practices harvesting, storage and marketing.
Women farmers’ adoption challenges on artificial inseminations service in outskirt of Addis Ababa
Authors: Limenih Beliyu
Published: April 2019

The study was conducted in purposively selected Oromia National Regional State aiming at to suggest strategies to better involve women farmers in Artificial Insemination service. Experts from office of livestock and fishery represented the study population. Group discussion were undertaken separately for Women and men farmers. Collected information was analyzed qualitatively and interpreted accordingly. The study found that institutional and cultural barriers hindered many number of women AI (Artificial Insemination) technicians less involved in AI service delivery. Specifically, institutions don’t encourage women applicant to apply on AI, they thought the position is full of hardship and risky for women to give a service basing in rural areas. In addition to that, the service needs some physical fitness and it would be more difficult for women to move long distance caring containers. Moreover, there is animal disease (brucella) that can be easily transmit to human and can cause gynaecological problem for women. Culturally, even if it is not boldly pronounced by the community, there is a feeling of indignity when women provide AI services.  On the other hand, the community also ashamed women farmers, if they ask AI service provision. Moreover, culturally women farmers are not allowed to watch inseminations service. So, in order to increase number of women AI technicians:  nominating women technicians from local communities (at least grade 8 completed) and animal science graduate, and train   more in practical way would made women AI technicians to be  more capable.  Support women AI technicians to work privately through post payment service for a while, would raise women acceptance by community. In order to increase number of women farmers attendees on training: conduct on farm training, invite women farmers directly for training, organize training between march to May seasons, prepare pictured based training (including production manuals) would change the number of women dairy producer on AI service provision.
Development of a Scale to measure Family Farming Efficiency of Women Headed Households
Authors: Kumar Harshitha D. , Prasad V. L Madhu
Published: April 2019

This study sought to develop a scale to measure the family farming efficiency of women-headed households. Likert, Edwards and Paul et al. method were employed to development of the scale. Six relevant dimensions and 154 statements were screened through literature review and discussions with experts. Statements were mailed to 130 judges in the agricultural extension & other related fields and 60 were received back. Further, the “Relevancy Percentage” “Relevancy weightage” and “Mean Relevancy Score” were worked out. The final scale comprising of six dimensions and 66 statements was standardized for administration. The scale developed was administered to 30 respondents in the non-sample area for measuring family farming efficiency. The results revealed that the reliability coefficient and validity of the scale appeared 0.8925 and 0.94 respectively, which is higher than the standard value (0.70).This certitude the reliability and validity of the developed scale. Thus, the scale can be useful explicitly to measure the family farming efficiency of Women Headed Households.
Influence of Participation in Community and Social Development Projects on Beneficiaries’ Income in Ondo and Kwara States, Nigeria
Authors: Elijah Owolabi K. , Olaniyi Okunlola J. , Ejiola Mafimisebi T.
Published: April 2019

The study determined the influence of participation in community social development projects on household income among beneficiaries in Ondo and Kwara states, Nigeria. Specifically, it determined the extent to which respondents were aware of community-driven development projects, the level to which respondents participated in the community-driven development project and influence of CDD approach on the income of beneficiaries in the study area. A simple random sampling was used to select 6 households in each of the non-benefiting communities, thus making a total of eighty-four (84) non-beneficiaries in the two states. Primary data was collected and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.  The results show that 54.2 % of the respondents who benefitted from CSDP projects were males while 45.8% of them were females.  The findings also show that 56.0% and 36.9% were aware and very much aware of education projects respectively while only 4.8% were not aware. The CSDP projects implemented among the respondents include majorly health facility (64.3%), water facility (55.9%), education (52.9%), electricity (51.2%) and socio economic (47.0%). Other CSDP projects implemented in the communities were transported (36.9%), environment (35.1%) and gender and vulnerable group’s projects (27.9%). The study also revealed that the majority (86.3%) respondents had a very high level of participation water project with a mean value of (X ̅= 3.77) while only 2.6% had a very low level of participation. Furthermore, majority (70.6%) of the respondents had a very high level of participation in health projects (X ̅= 3.58) but the level of participation was low 5.2% of them. There was a 33.4 % increment in the mean annual income among the CDD beneficiaries (X ̅=₦166542.8).  The findings showed that there was a significant difference in income of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries before and after the implementation of CDD projects in the study areas with a p-value 0f 0.000.  The study concluded that the CDD approach to community social development projects ensured positive outcomes of the community driven development projects
The Role Of Gender And Women In Political Institutions In Africa: A Case Of Political Parties
Authors: NYADERA İsrael Nyaburi , KİSAKA Michael Otieno
Published: April 2019

The
democratization process in Africa opened up space
for the emergence of several political parties across the continent as most
countries moved from one-party rule to
multi-party democracy. This tectonic shift signaled
a new beginning in the political arena, and there were expectations that equal
representation in the political sphere
would be a by-product of the democratization process. This paper underscores
the challenge of gender inequality in representative politics and as it would be expected in patriarchal societies; women
shoulder the brunt of marginalization in the political arena.  It argues that despite the inclusion of
gender-responsive texts in political parties’ manifestoes and constitution, the
gender gap is still burgeoning. It
recommends that political parties should come up with pragmatic strategies to enhance gender equality and cease to
include gender texts as mere political rhetoric.
Power and Stability Policies in the Black Sea-Caspian Region in the Context of Max Weber’s Authority Approach
Authors: ÇAPCIOĞLU İhsan , ALPAY Ahmed Hamza
Published: April 2019

Weber defined the authority that gave legitimacy
to power based on the concept of sovereignty and tried to understand the level
of awareness of the individual’s social actions. Together with the phenomenon
of power, who played an active role in the
strategic platform formed at the same time the hegemony of the authority. The
playmakers, who are the active subjects of International Relations, produce
proactive-structural policies considering the power balances. In this context,
the Black Sea and the Caspian Basin are not only affected by energy, politics
and power policies on geopolitical axes but also affect these policies. Turkey
is strengthening its central position taking an active role in the Black Sea
and the Caspian Basin energy and stability policies for the balance of power in
the Eurasian axis. In this study, on the scale of the Black Sea and the Caspian Basin; in terms of
Turkey, regional and global actors in energy policies, geopolitics and the
balance of power will be examined.
STUDI OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT PROFESI DIBADANG AMIL ZAKAT KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Nola Indra , Aedy Hasan , Bachmid Gamsir
Published: April 2019

This study aims (1) Knowing and analyzing the optimality of professional zakat management is examined from the aspect of potential muzakki, professionalism of institutions, commitment of employees of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) and aspects of distribution of zakat to mustahik; (2) Knowing and analyzing the factors that determine the level of optimization of management of professional zakat in the Amil Zakat Agency in Kendari City; (3) Knowing and analyzing the efforts made by BAZNAS to improve the optimization of management of professional zakat in the Amil Zakat Agency in Kendari City.  This type of research uses qualitative descriptive. Meanwhile the analytical method used is descriptive qualitative data processing technique 9words) which is done in order to describe the result of the study. Data and information through observation techniques, documentation studies and interviews with implementers, muzakki and mustahik. The results of the study are (1) optimization of zakat management in Kendari National Baznas, reviewed from the aspect of potential, professionalism of institutions, work commitment of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN), and aspects of distribution / distribution are still not optimal. (2) The factors that influence the optimization of zakat management in Kendari City are the awareness of muzakki to pay zakat, the performance of the National Amil Zakar Agency that is trustworthy, professional and transparent, which is targeted to mustahiq and effective socialization to the community. (3) Baznas' efforts in optimizing the management of professional zakat are involving all State Civil Apparatus (ASN) to pay professional zakat in each work unit.
Comparison of Timber Loading Productivity between Manual System and Electric Powered Winch System
Authors: GÜLCİ Neşe , ERDAŞ Orhan
Published: April 2019

In Turkey, extraction of forest products is
mostly carried out by forest villagers and/or forest villages development
cooperatives. Due to their limited equipment availability, many activities
conducted during timber extraction are still done by human power based (manual)
systems. However, the work force in forestry sector has recently decreased
because young people in the forest villages tend to head for different job
opportunities. Besides, manual systems are not favorable in terms of loading
time, which directly effects overall efficiency of timber extraction. In recent
years, development cooperatives have begun to turn to small-size mechanization
systems in timber loading operation. Electric powered winch located at the rear
end of the truck platform is one of the methods that can provide development
cooperatives with low-cost and time-saving timber loading system. In this
study, it was aimed to compare productivity of two loading systems including
traditional manual loading and electric powered winch systems. The time and
motion study was carried out during loading of round wood materials at the
landing area located in Bahçe Forest Enterprise Chief in the city of Osmaniye.
Loading operation was divided into specific work stages and time measurements
were made in the field using with a chronometer. Based on the productivity
analysis, it was found that the average productivity for manual loading and
electric winch loading were 3.40 m3/hr and 4.25 m3/hr,
respectively. As a result, electric power winch system, which is affordable for
forest villages development cooperatives, can be an efficient alternative
method for loading operations particularly when there are limited equipment
availability.
Performance Analysis of a Harvester during Timber Extraction Activities in Bursa, Turkey
Authors: BİLİCİ Ebru , ABBAS Dalia
Published: April 2019

In Turkey, the use of mechanized harvesting technology in forestry has recently
increased due to demands of private forest industry for large
amounts of woods. In order to implement these systems
effectively and efficiently, their applications should be well planned considering
the factors that affect the performance of harvesting equipment. Performances
of the mechanized harvesting systems are mainly influenced by factors such as
tree size, tree formations, terrain conditions, operator motivation and skills.
In this study, a single-grip harvesting operation was evaluated by using time
and motion study analysis. Also, the main factors that affect harvesting
operation were evaluated using statistical analysis. The study was implemented
during a clear-cut operation in Brutian pine (Pinus brutia) stands located in Osmangazi Forest Enterprise
Directorate in the city of Bursa, Turkey. Three stages of harvesting operation
were evaluated; harvester moving to the trees, grabbing and felling trees, and
processing (i.e. delimbing and bucking) trees. The average time of the work
stages was examined, and the results indicated that most of the time was spent
on tree processing. The productivity of the harvesting operation was found to be 24 m3/hr ranging
between 6 m3/hr to 57 m3/hr. This productivity was mostly
affected by the tree size, which
directly influenced the total processing time of the felled trees in the study
area. According to the statistical analysis results, it was found that there is
a significant relationship between tree volume and the time spent on tree processing
stage. The results from this study cannot be generalized but it suggests that
mechanized harvesting using a harvester should be well planned ahead taking
into considering the volume and size of the felled material in order to operate
the harvester with optimal efficiency. Optimum machines and configurations should
be selected based on machine specifications and stand characteristics.
Using Network 2000 Program for Transportation Planning of Forest Products
Authors: SUSLU Hande Egemen
Published: April 2019

The construction and maintenance of forest roads
are the activities that require the highest financial investment in the extraction
of forest products. In addition, the cost of transporting forest products from landing
to storage area can be significant proportion of the total extraction cost. For
this reason, forest engineers are obliged not only to reduce the cost of road
construction and maintenance, but also to prepare the most appropriate
transportation plan to minimize total costs. Computer aided models can be used
to solve complex transportation problems that require the evaluation of many
alternative routes and selection of the alternative with least cost. In this
study, the Network 2000 program based on the shortest path algorithm was used
in transportation planning of forest product, and then the solution capacity of
the method was examined in a sample application. As a study area, two Forest
Enterprise Chiefs (FECs) of Paşalar and Sarnıç were selected from
Mustafakemalpasa Forest Enterprise Directorate (FED) in the border of Bursa
Forest Regional Directorate. The transportation cost of the road sections,
forest product types, location of landing and forest depots were entered into the
Network 2000 program after being digitized with ArcGIS 10.2 software. In the
solution process, firstly, the route that minimized the transportation cost was
investigated, and then, the route with the maximum net profit was determined by
taking the sale prices of forest products into consideration. According to
results, the transportation cost mostly depends on the transportation time,
hourly truck cost and load capacity of the truck.
Productivity Analysis of Timber Skidding Operation with Farm Tractor
Authors: GÜLCİ Sercan , HALİT BÜYÜKSAKALLI Halit , TAŞ İnanç , AKAY Abdullah Emin
Published: April 2019

Farm tractors equipped with necessary attachments have
been widely used in skidding of forest products in Turkey. There are number of
different types and sizes of farm tractors that are employed in forest
operations. For appropriate logging plans and better machine selections in
mechanized forest operations, it is important to analyze the efficiency of farm
tractors during skidding operations. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the
productivity of timber skidding operation with farm tractor. Time study was
used to estimate productivity and then the effects of specified factors
(volume, number of piece) on productivity were investigated by using
statistical analysis. Logging operation took place in a black pine stand
located in the province of Köyceğiz in Muğla. Time data of work stages during
uphill skidding operation were collected for two skidding trails with different
slope classes (20% and 30%) while average skidding distance was kept constant.
It was found that the average productivity for two slope classes were 5.72 m3/hr
and 4.30 m3/hr, respectively. The results indicated that the
productivity increased as the volume of skidded logs per turn increased for
both slope classes. On the other hand, increasing number of pieces transported in
each turn caused reduction in productivity of the tractor skidding operation.
The most time consuming work stage was skidding followed by move-out unloaded
and choker setting stages.
Modelling Top Soil Erosion Depend on Stand Profile for Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana) Plantation in a Semi-Arid Ecosystem in Turkey
Authors: HACISALİHOĞLU Sezgin , YÜCESAN Zafer , OKTAN Ercan , KEZİK Uğur , KARADAĞ Hakan
Published: April 2019

This paper
researches top-soil loss depends on Anatolian black pine stands by different canopy
density. The stand profile is playing an important role on the living and
non-living environment in the ecosystem and it affects directly canopy density
(CD), leaf area index and silvicultural treatments and indirectly affects the
soil properties. Within the scope of the study, three different canopy
densities (60%, 80%, 90%) were taken and the stand profiles were determined by
an 20x20 meter sample plots representing the stand. All sample plots were
selected under the same habitat conditions (Slope: 5%, Aspect: Northwest,
Elevation: 1070 m) to estimate top soil loss model. As a result, the amount of
top soil loss was determined as 0.052 t/ha/yr in 60% CD, 0.037 t/ha/yr in 80%
CD and 0.017 t/ha/yr in 90% CD respectively. In addition, multiple regression model
(Linear, R2=0.96) was developed to estimate annual top soil loss
depend on DBH (diameter of breast height), and tree height. On the other hand,
simple regression model (Quadratic, R2=0.98) using tree height
variable was improved. Furthermore, more advanced models can be developed in
the future by using the stand parameters in different ecological conditions and
slope gradients.
Capabilities of using UAVs in Forest Road Construction Activities
Authors: BUĞDAY Ender
Published: April 2019

The forests
in Turkey is classified and managed according to their functions within the
framework of Ecosystem Based Multi-Purpose Planning policy. It is very
important to ensure that planning activities are handled appropriately in order
to carry out forestry activities which are labor intensive, difficult and
dangerous. Forest roads have served as the main infrastructure facility for
forestry activities in accordance with multiple purposes. In order to increase
efficiency within the concept of precision forestry and to transfer the plans
to the application more clearly, it is essential to use technology and
technological machinery. In this context, this study aimed to reveal the
capabilities of using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Geographical
Information Systems (GIS) tools in planning the forest road construction. For
this purpose, cut and fill volume of a 300 m long sample road was computed by
using USGS based Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 1 m x 1 m resolution and
UAV based DEM with 0.05 m x 0.05 m resolution which were generated prior to
road construction and after the road construction, respectively. The results
indicated that the cut volume and fill volume were 81804.4 m3 and
74.2 m3, respectively. It was found that the use of UAV will be
quite advantageous in terms of capturing high quality and high-resolution data
for planning the forest road construction and evaluating alternative routes.
Pengembangan Kurikulum Pencak Silat Berbasis Kerangka Kualifikasi Nasional Indonesia
Authors: Selian Suandi , Irwansyah Dodi
Published: April 2019

This study aims to find the development of the pencak silat curriculum based on the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework, the specific target at this first stage is to analyze the needs of the pencak silat curriculum and the formation of the pencak silat curriculum based on the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework and also based on the competencies expected from Permenpan RB. The research methodology used was the development research (R&D) Borg & Gall. the sample in this study were students and lecturers of Pencak Silat course at the Sports Study Program of Universitas Samudra Langsa. Based on the research objectives, to form graduates who have the competence to become professional teachers in the field of martial arts studies so that they can compete with graduates both from domestic and abroad. In the First Stage planned activities in the form of observation, interviews and comparative studies to study programs that have run the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework based curriculum, and produce a draft curriculum framework. Then in the second phase based on the results of the draft drafts conducted Focus Group Discussion on curriculum experts, pencak silat experts and lecturers in the field of Pencak Silat Expertise Field so that the formation of a validated curriculum, in the third stage a trial was conducted for Sports Study Program students, Teaching Faculty and Education Sciences, Universitas Samudra Langsa and evaluated.
Analisis Kecerdasan Kinestetik, Interpersonal dan Intrapersonal dengan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Jasmani
Authors: Irwansyah Dodi
Published: April 2019

The results of learning physical education of students at Kuta Baro MTsN are very lacking, this is of course there is a connection with kinesthetic intelligence, interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence. The purpose of this study was to see the relationship between kinesthetic intelligence, interpersonal and intrapersonal with the results of physical education learning students of MTsN Kuta Baro Aceh Besar. This type of correlational research using 175 Baro students MTsN students, while the sample technique uses random sampling taken 15% from 25 people, and data analysis using multiple correlation formulas. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between kinesthetic intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence with students learning outcomes at Kuta Baro MTsN.