bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Emergency Department Patient Experience Through Implementation of an Informational Pamphlet
Authors: Sangal Rohit B , Orloski Clinton J , Shofer Frances S , Mills Angela M
Published: February 2019

Objective:

Patient satisfaction is emerging as a new health-care metric. We hypothesized that an emergency department (ED) informational pamphlet would significantly improve patient understanding of ED operations and ultimately improve patient satisfaction.

Methods:

We performed a prospective study of patients presenting to a single tertiary care center ED from April to July 2017. All patients were given a pamphlet on alternating weeks with regular care on opposite weeks and were surveyed upon ED discharge. The primary outcome was patient satisfaction with ED care. Secondary outcomes included patient understanding of various wait times (test results, consultants), discharge process, who was on the care team and what to expect during the ED visit.

Results:

Four hundred ninety-four patients were included in this study and 266 (54%) were in the control group. Of 228 (46%) patients who were given the pamphlet, 116 (51%) were unaware they received it. Of the remaining 112 (49%) patients who remembered receiving the pamphlet, 43 (38%) stated they read it. Among those reading the pamphlet, only two statements were significant: knowing what to expect during the ED visit (88% vs 71%; P = 0.012) and waiting time for test results (95% vs 75%; P = 0.003) when compared to those who did not receive or read the pamphlet.

Conclusion:

An ED informational pamphlet, when utilized by patients, does improve patient understanding of some aspects of the ED visit but does not appear to be the best tool to convey all information. Ultimately, sustained improvement in patient satisfaction is a complex and dynamic issue necessitating a multifactorial approach and other methods should be explored.
Calling on the Client’s Perceptions About the Contributions of Physiotherapists Working in Occupational Health Services
Authors: Chetty Laran
Published: February 2019

Background:

Clients are the recipients of occupational health care. To date, little is known about the perceptions of clients about the contribution of physiotherapists working in occupational health services. Gathering this information is imperative to understanding and responding to clients’ needs.

Methods:

An interpretative qualitative study was undertaken and face-to-face interviews were conducted with clients from 2 occupational health services situated within the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. Data were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim in full. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:

There were 9 clients interviewed, predominantly comprising secretaries, staff nurses, and care assistants. Thematic analysis revealed 2 main themes: vocational rehabilitation and health promotion. Clients revealed distinct subcomponents of the contribution of physiotherapists in occupational health services such as functional capacity evaluations, job demand analysis, and work-specific rehabilitation. Promoting staff health was another pertinent issue reported by clients.

Conclusions:

Clients clearly felt that physiotherapists made a contribution to occupational health services. This information lays the groundwork for the development of physiotherapists within occupational health services, which in turn will help clients achieve better care and health outcomes.
Mapping B. R. Ambedkar Within the Matrix of Manu’s Patriarchy, the Mentoring of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad and the Dynamics of Agamben’s Homo Sacer
Authors: Singh Neeti
Published: February 2019

On the 125th birth anniversary of Dr B. R. Ambedkar, this essay acknowledges the great leader’s life, vision and contributions to the cause of marginalized humanity in India. It attempts to examine Ambedkar’s agenda for social reform and his efforts towards the empowerment of the abused caste and gender categories through intense satyagraha (a form of nonviolent resistance), widespread education and supportive state laws. The article concludes with a review of caste and gender issues in the present times and argues for the need to revamp the education system. This essay begins with Ambedkar’s early life and education facilitated by the patronage of the philanthropic reformer and King of Baroda Province, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III. Second, it examines Ambedkar’s endeavours to educate and empower the women and depressed castes of India through his research, scholarship and rewritings of the Indian social history. And third, the essay attempts to understand the concept of the untouchable Dalit as a category that comes close to the Greek phenomenon of the homo sacer—a Greek concept synonymous with the rational of the Dalit/Ati-shudra. Through the ancient concept of the homo sacer, Giorgio Agamben explores agencies that conspire to draft, long-drawn statements of abuse and exploitation of the ostracized social and political underdog.
LBRY, Inc.: Scaling and Monetizing a Blockchain Startup
Authors: Mancha Ruben , Gordon Steven , Stoddard Donna
Published: February 2019

Jeremy Kauffman is a serial entrepreneur with a strong belief in the value of decentralized technology and a firmly held ethic in support of freedom of information. He has founded LBRY to implement a peer-to-peer exchange of multimedia content from producer to viewer or user over a blockchain. This platform runs over an open-source protocol that LBRY had developed for this purpose. In this case, we introduce the blockchain-backed LBRY protocol and the content-sharing platform LBRY built upon it and discuss technical and strategic challenges faced by the startup to grow its user base and number of content providers, generate revenue, and remain competitive. Students analyzing the case will gain an understanding of blockchain, protocols, platforms, and the strategic challenges inherent to managing a technology startup.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Encounter Structure Complex Coordinates Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis
Authors: Eisenberg-Bord Michal , Tsui Hui S. , Antunes Diana , Fernández-del-Río Lucía , Bradley Michelle C. , Dunn Cory D. , Nguyen Theresa P. T. , Rapaport Doron , Clarke Catherine F. , Schuldiner Maya
Published: February 2019

Loss of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) complex that resides in contact sites between the yeast ER and mitochondria leads to impaired respiration; however, the reason for that is not clear. We find that in ERMES null mutants, there is an increase in the level of mRNAs encoding for biosynthetic enzymes of coenzyme Q6 (CoQ6), an essential electron carrier of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. We show that the mega complexes involved in CoQ6 biosynthesis (CoQ synthomes) are destabilized in ERMES mutants. This, in turn, affects the level and distribution of CoQ6 within the cell, resulting in reduced mitochondrial CoQ6. We suggest that these outcomes contribute to the reduced respiration observed in ERMES mutants. Fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrate close proximity between the CoQ synthome and ERMES, suggesting a spatial coordination. The involvement of the ER-mitochondria contact site in regulation of CoQ6 biogenesis highlights an additional level of communication between these two organelles.
New arsenate minerals from the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. XI. Anatolyite, Na6(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe3+)3Al(AsO4)6
Authors: Pekov Igor V. , Lykova Inna S. , Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. , Belakovskiy Dmitry I. , Turchkova Anna G. , Britvin Sergey N. , Sidorov Evgeny G. , Scheidl Katharina S.
Published: February 2019

The new mineral anatolyite Na6(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe3+)3Al(AsO4)6 was found in the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It is associated with potassic feldspar, hematite, tenorite, cassiterite, johillerite, tilasite, ericlaxmanite, lammerite, arsmirandite, sylvite, halite, aphthitalite, langbeinite, anhydrite, wulffite, krasheninnikovite, fluoborite, pseudobrookite and fluorophlogopite. Anatolyite occurs as aggregates (up to 2 mm across) of rhombohedral–prismatic, equant or slightly elongated along [001] crystals up to 0.2 mm. The mineral is transparent, pale brownish–pinkish, with vitreous lustre. It is brittle, cleavage was not observed and the fracture is uneven. The Mohs’ hardness is ca 4½. Dcalc is 3.872 g cm–3. Anatolyite is optically uniaxial (–), ω = 1.703(4) and ε = 1.675(3). Chemical composition (wt.%, electron microprobe) is: Na2O 16.55, K2O 0.43, CaO 2.49, MgO 5.80, MnO 0.16, CuO 0.69, ZnO 0.55, Al2O3 5.01, Fe2O3 7.94, TiO2 0.18, SnO2 0.17, SiO2 0.04, P2O5 0.55, As2O5 60.75, SO3 0.03, total 101.34. The empirical formula based on 24 O apfu is (Na5.90K0.10)Σ6.00(Ca0.50Na0.13Zn0.08Mn0.03)Σ0.74(Mg1.63Fe3+1.12Al0.15Cu0.10)Σ3.00(Al0.96Ti0.03Sn0.01)Σ1.00(As5.97P0.09Si0.01)Σ6.07O24. Anatolyite is trigonal, R$\bar{3}$c, a = 13.6574(10), c = 18.2349(17) Å, V = 2945.6(4) Å3 and Z = 6. The strongest reflections of the powder XRD pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are: 7.21(33)(012), 4.539(16)(113), 4.347(27)(211), 3.421(20)(220), 3.196(31)(214), 2.981(17)(223), 2.827(100)(125) and 2.589(18)(410). The crystal structure was solved from single-crystal XRD data to R = 4.77%. The structure is based on a 3D heteropolyhedral framework formed by M4O18 clusters [M1 = Al and M2 = (Mg,Fe3+)] linked with AsO4 tetrahedra. (Ca,Na) and Na cations centre A1O6 and A2O8 polyhedra in voids of the framework. Anatolyite is isostructural with yurmarinite. The new mineral is named in honour of the outstanding Russian crystallographer, mineralogist and mathematician Anatoly Kapitonovich Boldyrev (1883–1946).
Sensitization of nociceptors by prostaglandin E2–glycerol contributes to hyperalgesia in mice with sickle cell disease
Authors: Khasabova Iryna A. , Uhelski Megan , Khasabov Sergey G. , Gupta Kalpna , Seybold Virginia S. , Simone Donald A.
Published: February 2019

Pain is a characteristic feature of sickle cell disease (SCD), 1 of the most common inherited diseases. Patients may experience acute painful crises as well as chronic pain. In the Berkley transgenic murine model of SCD, HbSS-BERK mice express only human hemoglobin S. These mice share many features of SCD patients, including persistent inflammation and hyperalgesia. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is elevated in skin, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and spinal cord in HbSS-BERK mice. In addition to arachidonic acid, COX-2 oxidizes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) to produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)–glycerol (PGE2-G); PGE2-G is known to produce hyperalgesia. We tested the hypotheses that PGE2-G is increased in DRGs of HbSS-BERK mice and sensitizes nociceptors (sensory neurons that respond to noxious stimuli), and that blocking its synthesis would decrease hyperalgesia in HbSS-BERK mice. Systemic administration of R-flurbiprofen preferentially reduced production of PGE2-G over that of PGE2 in DRGs, decreased mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, and decreased sensitization of nociceptors in HbSS-BERK mice. The same dose of R-flurbiprofen had no behavioral effect in HbAA-BERK mice (the transgenic control), but local injection of PGE2-G into the hind paw of HbAA-BERK mice produced sensitization of nociceptors and hyperalgesia. Coadministration of a P2Y6 receptor antagonist blocked the effect of PGE2-G, indicating that this receptor is a mediator of pain in SCD. The ability of R-flurbiprofen to block the synthesis of PGE2-G and to normalize levels of 2-AG suggests that R-flurbiprofen may be beneficial to treat pain in SCD, thereby reducing the use of opioids to relieve pain.
Gamification: focus on the strategies being implemented in interventions: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lopes Sílvia , Pereira Armanda , Magalhães Paula , Oliveira André , Rosário Pedro
Published: February 2019

Objective

Gamification broadly refers to the use of game design elements in non-game contexts with the goal of promoting users’ engagement. Gamification strategies appear as an advantageous tool to increase the motivation and involvement of users. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify studies using gamification strategies in distinct intervention contexts and to describe their impact in each type of intervention. Thus, the focus is on the construct (gamification) rather than on a particular area or population.

Results

To achieve this goal, Scopus, IEEE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, ERIC, and PsycINFO databases will be used to gather data for the systematic review. Both the research and report of results will be based on Cochrane’s recommendations and PRISMA guidelines. Data, including the assessment on the quality of the articles, will be conducted by two members of the team independently. Findings will be reported narratively. The ethical approval is not required as the research does not involve data collection. Findings will be submitted to a peer-review journal and the results will be presented on international congresses. Future reviews could consider investigating particular areas of intervention in which gamification strategies are being employed.

Trial registration Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42017070508
Attacking convolutional neural network using differential evolution
Authors: Su Jiawei , Vargas Danilo Vasconcellos , Sakurai Kouichi
Published: February 2019

The output of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has been shown to be discontinuous which can make the CNN image classifier vulnerable to small well-tuned artificial perturbation. That is, images modified by conducting such alteration (i.e., adversarial perturbation) that make little difference to the human eyes can completely change the CNN classification results. In this paper, we propose a practical attack using differential evolution (DE) for generating effective adversarial perturbations. We comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of different types of DEs for conducting the attack on different network structures. The proposed method only modifies five pixels (i.e., few-pixel attack), and it is a black-box attack which only requires the miracle feedback of the target CNN systems. The results show that under strict constraints which simultaneously control the number of pixels changed and overall perturbation strength, attacking can achieve 72.29%, 72.30%, and 61.28% non-targeted attack success rates, with 88.68%, 83.63%, and 73.07% confidence on average, on three common types of CNNs. The attack only requires modifying five pixels with 20.44, 14.28, and 22.98 pixel value distortion. Thus, we show that current deep neural networks are also vulnerable to such simpler black-box attacks even under very limited attack conditions.
Day hospital versus intensive out-patient mentalisation-based treatment for borderline personality disorder: multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: Smits Maaike L. , Feenstra Dine J. , Eeren Hester V. , Bales Dawn L. , Laurenssen Elisabeth M. P. , Blankers Matthijs , Soons Mirjam B. J. , Dekker Jack J. M. , Lucas Zwaan , Verheul Roel , Luyten Patrick
Published: February 2019

Background

Two types of mentalisation-based treatment (MBT) have been developed and empirically evaluated for borderline personality disorder (BPD): day hospital MBT (MBT-DH) and intensive out-patient MBT (MBT-IOP). No trial has yet compared their efficacy.

Aims

To compare the efficacy of MBT-DH and MBT-IOP 18 months after start of treatment. MBT-DH was hypothesised to be superior to MBT-IOP because of its higher treatment intensity.

Method

In a multicentre randomised controlled trial (Nederlands Trial Register: NTR2292) conducted at three sites in the Netherlands, patients with BPD were randomly assigned to MBT-DH (n = 70) or MBT-IOP (n = 44). The primary outcome was symptom severity (Brief Symptom Inventory). Secondary outcome measures included borderline symptomatology, personality functioning, interpersonal functioning, quality of life and self-harm. Patients were assessed every 6 months from baseline to 18 months after start of treatment. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling based on intention-to-treat principles.

Results

Significant improvements were found on all outcome measures, with moderate to very large effect sizes for both groups. MBT-DH was not superior to MBT-IOP on the primary outcome measure, but MBT-DH showed a clear tendency towards superiority on secondary outcomes.

Conclusions

Although MBT-DH was not superior to MBT-IOP on the primary outcome measure despite its greater treatment intensity, MBT-DH showed a tendency to be more effective on secondary outcomes, particularly in terms of relational functioning. Patients receiving MBT-DH and MBT-IOP, thus, seem to follow different trajectories of change, which may have important implications for clinical decision-making. Longer-term follow-up and cost-effectiveness considerations may ultimately determine the optimal intensity of specialised treatments such as MBT for patients with BPD.
Odd-skipped and Stripe act downstream of Notch to promote the morphogenesis of long appendicular tendons inDrosophila
Authors: Laddada Lilia , Jagla Krzysztof , Soler Cédric
Published: February 2019

Multiple tissue interactions take place during the development of the limb musculoskeletal system. While appendicular myogenesis has been extensively studied, development of connective tissue associated with muscles has received less attention. In the developing Drosophila leg, tendon-like connective tissue arises from clusters of epithelial cells that invaginate into the leg cavity and then elongate to form internal tube-shape structures along which muscle precursors are distributed. Here we show that stripe-positive appendicular precursors of tendon-like connective tissue are set up among intersegmental leg joint cells expressing odd-skipped genes, and that Notch signaling is necessary and locally sufficient to trigger stripe expression. This study also finds that odd-skipped genes and stripe are both required downstream of Notch to promote morphogenesis of tube-shaped internal tendons of the leg.
Maturation of heart valve cell populations during postnatal remodeling
Authors: Hulin Alexia , Hortells Luis , Gomez-Stallons M. Victoria , O'Donnell Anna , Chetal Kashish , Adam Mike , Lancellotti Patrizio , Oury Cecile , Potter S. Steven , Salomonis Nathan , Yutzey Katherine E.
Published: February 2019

Heart valve cells mediate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling during postnatal valve leaflet stratification, but phenotypic and transcriptional diversity of valve cells in development is largely unknown. Single cell analysis of mouse heart valve cells was used to evaluate cell heterogeneity during postnatal ECM remodeling and leaflet morphogenesis. The transcriptomic analysis of single cells from postnatal day (P)7 and P30 murine aortic (AoV) and mitral (MV) heart valves uncovered distinct subsets of melanocytes, immune and endothelial cells present at P7 and P30. By contrast, interstitial cell populations are different from P7 to P30. P7 valve leaflets exhibit two distinct collagen- and glycosaminoglycan-expressing interstitial cell clusters, and prevalent ECM gene expression. At P30, four interstitial cell clusters are apparent with leaflet specificity and differential expression of complement factors, ECM proteins and osteogenic genes. This initial transcriptomic analysis of postnatal heart valves at single cell resolution demonstrates that subpopulations of endothelial and immune cells are relatively constant throughout postnatal development, but interstitial cell subpopulations undergo changes in gene expression and cellular functions in primordial and mature valves.
An interview with Cassandra Extavour
Authors: Maartens Aidan
Published: February 2019

Cassandra Extavour is Professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Harvard University (www.extavourlab.com). Recently appointed an editor at Development, her lab works on the evolution and development of germ cells in animals, the genetic control of reproductive capacity, and the evolution of the arthropod body plan. We met with Cassandra at the 2018 Santa Cruz Developmental Biology meeting and heard about her scientific history, her thoughts on the future of research at the intersection of evolution and development, and her lifelong passion for music.
Let there be preLights: one year on
Authors: Briscoe James , Brown Katherine
Published: February 2019

Summary: In this Editorial, we reflect on a successful first year for The Company of Biologists’ preprint highlighting service, preLights, and consider its role in the future of online scientific discussion and collaboration.
Correlation analysis between the SUVmax of FDG-PET/CT and clinicopathological characteristics in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Dong , Niu Lixuan , Liu Wenpeng , Zheng Changgang , Yan Ruyi , Gong Liyan , Dong Zhongxing , Li Ke , Fei Jun
Published: February 2019

Objectives: 

To investigate the relationship between maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-FDG PET/CT and clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), in order to formulate a better clinical guideline.

Methods: 

In 104 patients with OSCC confirmed by pathology, there were 67 males and 37 females (age, 33–76 years; mean age, 56 years).18FDG, 18-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT manifestations and the clinicopathological features of the 104 patients were retrospectively analysed. Single-factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted on possible factors influencing primary tumour SUVmax, including gender, age, smoking history, tumour location, tumour size, histological differentiation, TNM stage, T stage, N stage. Diagnostic performance of SUVmax for invading peri-tissue of OSCC was measured by the area under receiver operating characteristic curve, and sensitivity and specificity were determined at the Youdons index.

Results: 

The single-analysis results showed that SUVmax was correlated with the histological differentiation, tumour size, TNM stage, T stage, N stage(p < 0.05), yet it was not correlated with gender, age, smoking history, tumour location (p > 0.05). Multivariate liner regression analysis showed that tumour size, TNM stage were influencing factors independent of primary tumour SUVmax (p < 0.05). Primary tumour SUVmax had predictive value for invading peri-tissue of OSCC. When the cutoff value was 7.98, the diagnostic efficiency was the highest, with the sensitivity being 90.0％ and the specificity being 76.2%.

Conclusions: 

OSCC 18F-FDG PET/CT SUVmax is higher among patients with larger tumour size, poorer stage, and that primary tumour SUVmax is of important significance in predicting invading peri-tissue.
Going beyond base-pairs: topology-based characterization of base-multiplets in RNA
Authors: Bhattacharya Sohini , Jhunjhunwala Ayush , Halder Antarip , Bhattacharyya Dhananjay , Mitra Abhijit
Published: February 2019

Identification and characterization of base-multiplets, which are essentially mediated by base-pairing interactions, can provide insights into the diversity in the structure and dynamics of complex functional RNAs, and thus facilitate hypothesis driven biological research. The necessary nomenclature scheme, an extension of the geometric classification scheme for base-pairs by Leontis and Westhof, is however available only for base-triplets. In the absence of information on topology, this scheme is not applicable to quartets and higher order multiplets. Here we propose a topology-based classification scheme which, in conjunction with a graph-based algorithm, can be used for the automated identification and characterization of higher order base-multiplets in RNA structures. Here, the RNA structure is represented as a graph, where nodes represent nucleotides and edges represent base-pairing connectivity. Sets of connected components (of n nodes) within these graphs constitute subgraphs representing multiplets of “n” nucleotides. The different topological variants of the RNA multiplets thus correspond to different nonisomorphic forms of these subgraphs. To annotate RNA base-multiplets unambiguously, we propose a set of topology-based nomenclature rules for quartets, which are extendable to higher multiplets. We also demonstrate the utility of our approach toward the identification and annotation of higher order RNA multiplets, by investigating the occurrence contexts of selected examples in order to gain insights regarding their probable functional roles.
Pre-school aged children are exposed to Schistosoma through Lake Kivu in Rwanda
Authors: Rujeni Nadine , Mazimpaka Alex , Tumusiime Musafiri , Nyandwi Elias , Rutayisire Gad , Kayiranga Pascal , Umulisa Irenee , Ruberanziza Eugene , Osier Faith , Mutapi Francisca
Published: February 2019

Background: Schistosomiasis is prevalent in many sub-Saharan African countries and transmission is through waters contaminated by infected snails. In Rwanda, although schistosomiasis is endemic, very few epidemiological studies exist; of these, schoolchildren have been the focus, neglecting pre-school-aged children (PSAC). Furthermore, malacological surveys to indicate the potential for transmission are scarce in the country. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis among PSAC living on Nkombo Island in Lake Kivu and to map the distribution and infectivity of snails in the area.

Methods: Stool and urine samples were collected from children aged 1 to 4 years and tested for schistosomiasis using the Kato Katz and the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) diagnostic techniques respectively. Snails were collected along the shores at five different locations with human-water contact activities and cercaria shedding was microscopically examined. GPS receivers were used to collect geographical coordinates and snail distribution maps were generated using ArcGIS. A questionnaire was used to assess water contact activities and frequency.    

Results: A total of 278 PSAC were recruited. Overall, 9.5% (excluding traces) of the tested children reacted positively to the POC-CCA, although there were no ova detected in their stool via Kato Katz. The questionnaire revealed that 48.2% of parents/guardians use Lake Kivu’s water for household activities while 42.4% children are taken to the Lake shores daily. Overall, 13.5% of collected snails shed cercariae.

Conclusions: PSAC of Nkombo Island are exposed to Schistosoma parasites through contact with Lake Kivu, which hosts a number of snails shedding cercaria. Exposure is through recreational activities but also through bathing as safe water is scarce in the area. Health education of parents/guardians of these young children should be promoted and the national schistosomiasis control program should be integrated into water supply projects.
Recent innovations in membrane-protein structural biology
Authors: Allen James P
Published: February 2019

Innovations are expanding the capabilities of experimental investigations of the structural properties of membrane proteins. Traditionally, three-dimensional structures have been determined by measuring x-ray diffraction using protein crystals with a size of least 100 μm. For membrane proteins, achieving crystals suitable for these measurements has been a significant challenge. The availabilities of micro-focus x-ray beams and the new instrumentation of x-ray free-electron lasers have opened up the possibility of using submicrometer-sized crystals. In addition, advances in cryo-electron microscopy have expanded the use of this technique for studies of protein crystals as well as studies of individual proteins as single particles. Together, these approaches provide unprecedented opportunities for the exploration of structural properties of membrane proteins, including dynamical changes during protein function.
The influence of a calcium sulphate bone void filler on the third-body damage and polyethylene wear of total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Cowie R. M. , Aiken S. S. , Cooper J. J. , Jennings L. M.
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Bone void fillers are increasingly being used for dead space management in arthroplasty revision surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of calcium sulphate bone void filler (CS-BVF) on the damage and wear of total knee arthroplasty using experimental wear simulation.

Methods

A total of 18 fixed-bearing U2 total knee arthroplasty system implants (United Orthopedic Corp., Hsinchu, Taiwan) were used. Implants challenged with CS-BVF were compared with new implants (negative controls) and those intentionally scratched with a diamond stylus (positive controls) representative of severe surface damage (n = 6 for each experimental group). Three million cycles (MC) of experimental simulation were carried out to simulate a walking gait cycle. Wear of the ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial inserts was measured gravimetrically, and damage to articulating surfaces was assessed using profilometry.

Results

There was no significant difference (p  >  0.05) between the wear rate of implants challenged with CS-BVF (3.3 mm3/MC (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8 to 4.8)) and the wear rate of those not challenged (2.8 mm3/MC (95% CI 1.3 to 4.3)). However, scratching the cobalt-chrome (CoCr) significantly (p < 0.001) increased the wear rate (20.6 mm3/MC (95% CI 15.5 to 25.7)). The mean surface roughness of implants challenged with CS-BVF was equivalent to negative controls both after damage simulation (p = 0.98) and at the conclusion of the study (p = 0.28).

Conclusion

When used close to articulating surfaces, a low-hardness, high-purity CS-BVF had no influence on wear. When trapped between the articulating surfaces of a total knee arthroplasty, CS-BVF did not scratch the surface of CoCr femoral components, nor did it increase the wear of UHMWPE tibial inserts compared with undamaged negative controls. Cite this article: R. M. Cowie, S. S. Aiken, J. J. Cooper, L. M. Jennings. The influence of a calcium sulphate bone void filler on the third-body damage and polyethylene wear of total knee arthroplasty. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:65–72. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.82.BJR-2018-0146.R1.
The effect of malalignment on proximal tibial strain in fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Danese I. , Pankaj P. , Scott C. E. H.
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Elevated proximal tibial bone strain may cause unexplained pain, an important cause of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) revision. This study investigates the effect of tibial component alignment in metal-backed (MB) and all-polyethylene (AP) fixed-bearing medial UKAs on bone strain, using an experimentally validated finite element model (FEM).

Methods

A previously experimentally validated FEM of a composite tibia implanted with a cemented fixed-bearing UKA (MB and AP) was used. Standard alignment (medial proximal tibial angle 90°, 6° posterior slope), coronal malalignment (3°, 5°, 10° varus; 3°, 5° valgus), and sagittal malalignment (0°, 3°, 6°, 9°, 12°) were analyzed. The primary outcome measure was the volume of compressively overstrained cancellous bone (VOCB) < -3000 µε. The secondary outcome measure was maximum von Mises stress in cortical bone (MSCB) over a medial region of interest.

Results

Varus malalignment decreased VOCB but increased MSCB in both implants, more so in the AP implant. Varus malalignment of 10° reduced the VOCB by 10% and 3% in AP and MB implants but increased the MSCB by 14% and 13%, respectively. Valgus malalignment of 5° increased the VOCB by 8% and 4% in AP and MB implants, with reductions in MSCB of 7% and 10%, respectively. Sagittal malalignment displayed negligible effects. Well-aligned AP implants displayed greater VOCB than malaligned MB implants.

Conclusion

All-polyethylene implants are more sensitive to coronal plane malalignments than MB implants are; varus malalignment reduced cancellous bone strain but increased anteromedial cortical bone stress. Sagittal plane malalignment has a negligible effect on bone strain. Cite this article: I. Danese, P. Pankaj, C. E. H. Scott. The effect of malalignment on proximal tibial strain in fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A comparison between metal-backed and all-polyethylene components using a validated finite element model. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:55–64. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.82.BJR-2018-0186.R2.
IQGAP1, AmotL2, and FKBP51 Scaffoldins in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment
Authors: Rotoli Deborah , Morales Manuel , Maeso María-del-C. , Ávila Julio , Pérez-Rodríguez Natalia D. , Mobasheri Ali , van Noorden Cornelis J. F. , Martín-Vasallo Pablo
Published: February 2019

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequently occurring and aggressive primary brain tumor. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) and astrocytoma cells are the predominant malignant cells occurring in GB besides a highly heterogeneous population of migrating, neovascularizing and infiltrating myeloid cells that forms a complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Cross talk between the TME cells is pivotal in the biology of this tumor and, consequently, adaptor proteins at critical junctions of signaling pathways may be crucial. Scaffold proteins (scaffolins or scaffoldins) integrate external and internal stimuli to regulate various signaling pathways, interacting simultaneously with multiple proteins involved. We investigated by double and triple immunofluorescence the localization of IQGAP1, AmotL2, and FKBP51, three closely related scaffoldins, in malignant cells and TME of human GB tumors. We found that IQGAP1 is preferentially expressed in astrocytoma cells, AmotL2 in GSCs, and FKBP51 in white blood cells in human GB tumors. As GSCs are specially the target for novel therapies, we will investigate in further studies whether AmotL2 inhibition is effective in the treatment of GB.
We, the non-global citizens: Reflections on the possibilities and challenges of democratic global citizenship education in higher education contexts
Authors: Sant Edda
Published: February 2019

This article examines the possibilities and challenges of democratic global citizenship education (GCE) in higher education (HE) contexts. The article contrasts liberal, post-structuralist and postcolonialist theory with data deriving from a small empirical ethnographic project. A small group of undergraduate students studying education met weekly for a period of three months. Data were collected through field notes, course work and participants’ diaries. Results suggest that the global citizensubject, for these participants, is conceptualized as the cosmopolitan elites who do not identify themselves as national citizens. Global citizenship is constructed as an identity that students initially do not hold but aspire to gain. These findings pose some questions to democratic approaches to GCE.
La viabilidad de las cooperativas en la globalización: Presiones degenerativas y nuevas estrategias de regeneración en las cooperativas multinacionales de Mondragón
Authors: Bretos Ignacio , Errasti Anjel
Published: February 2019

Este artículo examina las principales tendencias degenerativas que amenazan a las entidades de Economía Social para desarrollarse en un entorno empresarial cada vez más global y competitivo, y pone en valor la capacidad de estas organizaciones para diseñar e implementar estrategias de regeneración orientadas a revitalizar sus valores y prácticas de carácter social, comunitario y democrático. Para ello, el trabajo se basa en los trabajos empíricos recientes sobre el conocido grupo Mondragón y en la propia investigación cualitativa llevada a cabo por los autores durante los últimos años en diversas cooperativas multinacionales pertenecientes al grupo. Nuestros resultados presentan un desafío importante al determinismo de la ‘teoría de la degeneración’, la cual muestra signos de hegemonía en el análisis científico de las cooperativas, y contribuyen a una mejor compresión sobre las dinámicas de regeneración en las cooperativas en el contexto de la globalización, un ámbito donde la literatura previa es extremadamente limitada. También se exponen las implicaciones de esta investigación para la teoría organizacional de las cooperativas.
George W. Bush as the “Man in the Arena”: Baseball, Public Memory, and the Rhetorical Redemption of a President
Authors: Butterworth Michael L.
Published: February 2019

Presidential libraries and museums are important sites for understanding the rhetorical construction of presidential legacies in the United States. The newest of these institutions is the George W. Bush Presidential Center in Dallas, Texas. The museum assists in the rhetorical redemption of a historically maligned presidency, anchoring President Bush’s legacy in the virtues of masculine, authoritative leadership. This is aided in particular by a noteworthy focus on baseball as a mythic expression of American exceptionalism, most dramatically featured in a 2015 temporary exhibit called Baseball: America’s Presidents, America’s Pastime. Far from being simply a colorful metaphor for national identity, baseball celebrates Bush’s moral authority and links him to the legacy of previous presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt. In short, the exhibit makes clear that one cannot understand the Bush presidency without baseball.
The Utilization of Insects as Feedstuff in Broiler Diet
Authors: Hidayat Cecep
Published: February 2019

Insect meal is an unconventional feedstuff and is expected to be an alternative protein source in broiler diet in the future, as an impact of high price and a limited supply of a fish meal. The objective of this paper is to describe the potency of insects as a feedstuff in broiler diet. Some types of insects, i.e., bees, flies, crickets, grasshoppers, termites, ants, and cockroaches have the potential to be a feedstuff protein source. Several studies reported that insect has high protein content (10.3-76.2%). The use of insects as feedstuffs in broiler diet is constrained by several limiting factors, i.e. the presence of chitin, high crude fat content, and the presence of contaminants. Processing insects before being used as feedstuffs is necessary. Separation of chitin and crude fat content are highly recommended before using insect as protein source feedstuff in broiler diet. The use of insects in a broiler diet ranges from 4 to 29.65% depending on the type of insect, life phase of insect and the type of processing. Research and development to increase insect utilization in broiler diet are still needed.
Awareness of African Horse Sickness as an Emerging Arbovirus Disease
Authors: Ratnawati Atik , Saepullah Muharam , Sendow Indrawati , Dharmayanti NLP Indi
Published: February 2019

African horse sickness (AHS) is one of the important arbovirus diseases in horse. The disease is fatal and should be transmitted by vector. This disease is potential to spread rapidly and has impacts in public health and socio-economic, especially in the international trade of horses and its products. The paper describes AHS, some factors that influence the disease, how to control the disease and its current situation in Indonesia. African horse sickness has been declared as notifiable disease in OIE list, therefore, the disease becomes strategic in the country that has high horse population. Climate changes affect vector population and spreading of the disease. In order to anticipate the entering of AHS infection in Indonesia, the government needs to facilitate the research on horse diseases including the safe laboratory facilities to handle exotic diseases and provide diagnostic tool for early detection.
Peran etika bisnis Islam terhadap kinerja usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) pangan di Kota Bogor
Authors: Ayyubi Salahuddin El , Anggraini Sausan Anggi
Published: February 2019

Micro, Small, and Medium Entreprises (MSMEs) have a very important role for developing and increasing Indonesia economy. MSMEs contribution on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) up to 60.64% and supply manpower up to 97%. However, this potency still accompanied by violations that occurred mainly in the food sector. One of the reason is there are a lot of bussiness activity is not in accordance with proper business ethics. This study analyzes the role of Islamic business ethics on the MSMEs performance. Descriptive analysis method is used to analyze the entrepreneur perception on Islamic Bussiness Ethics, while role of Islamic business ethics on the performance of MSMEs is analyzed with Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Primary data were collected through online questionnaires and deep interviews to food SMEs muslim businessmen in Bogor City. Results show that the Islamic bussiness ethics has a positive effect on the MSMEs performance.
Exploring Case Study Method for Library and Information Science Research
Authors: Heriyanto Heriyanto
Published: February 2019

This article exploring a case study method for library and information science research aims to investigate the implementation of case study methods for Library and Information Science research. It seeks to understand how the method has been used to study the library and information phenomenon. Hence some Library and Information research that applied case study are described and analyzed. The findings show that the case study is appropriate to use for Library and Information Science research as it enables the researcher to explore the dynamics of phenomena within library settings.
Turbulence Characteristic of Flow Near Laboratory Experiment Groin Fields
Authors: Wardhana Pradipta Nandi
Published: February 2019

Groin is hydraulic structure utilized to protect riverbank from erosion. Groin will shift away flow. Area just downstream of groin structure will be occupied by low velocity flow hence there will be sediment deposition. Turbulence mechanism between primary flow region and groin field having important role in sediment exchange needs to be investigated. Instantaneous flow measurement was conducted in order to investigate turbulence relation between series groin under various groin spacing. Laboratory experiment employed turbulence flow having Reynolds number range between 31,935-32,500 and Froude number range between 0.051-0.053. A MicroADV 16-MHz was used to measure 3D instantaneous velocity. The experiment findings expressed that Reynolds stress involving vertical velocity  and    did not show any specific distributions except at the lowest measurement elevation, while Reynolds stress    showed specific distributions. Turbulence value difference between groin field and primary flow region at upstream of the groin field was significant. As the area was getting downstream, area containing high turbulence was wider. This work indicated that bed shear stress value  tended to grow at downstream area of groin field. High difference bed shear stress value  between primary flow region and groin field seized second groin field and third groin field.
Removal of COD & NH3 from Produced Water using Modified Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands (HSCW)
Authors: Effendi Agus Jatnika , Risman Sandi Regi
Published: February 2019

It is very common that COD and NH3 are found in Produced Water with elevated concentration. One proven technology that is capable in removing organic substances and nutrients, is Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland (HSCW). Based on characterization of produced water from one oil field in Indonesia, it was shown that COD and NH3 were found to exceed the threshold limit stated in Ministry of Environmental Decree no. 19 Year 2010. Modified HSCWs were developed in order to treat produced water containing high concentration of COD and NH3 and allowing anaerobic process to occur in the reactor. The HSCWs were planted by three different species; they were Sagittaria palaefolia (Jasmine Water), Scirpus grossus (Mensiang), and Typha latifolia (Walingi). Organic loading rates (OLRs) to the HSCWs reactor were varied from 7.2 to 72 gr COD/m2.day. It was found that HSCW planted with Typha latifolia had the highest removal efficiency for both COD and NH3 when the OLR was set at 14.4 gr COD/m2.day. Anaerobic bacteria were found in high number indicating that these bacteria involved actively in removing pollutants containing in produced water. However, further microbiology study should be performed in order to determine the role of anaerobic bacteria.
Back Matter
Authors: Widayat W
Published: February 2019

bagian belakang September 2018
Calcitonin measurement in pediatrics: reference ranges are gender-dependent, validation in medullary thyroid cancer and thyroid diseases
Authors: Eckelt Felix , Vogel Mandy , Geserick Mandy , Kirsten Toralf , Bae Yoon Ju , Baber Ronny , Schaab Michael , Thiery Joachim , Pfaeffle Roland , Raue Friedhelm , Kiess Wieland , Kratzsch Juergen
Published: February 2019

Background

There is only limited information on serum reference ranges of calcitonin (CT) in infants, children and adolescents. This gap hampers valid diagnostics in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) and planned prophylactic thyroidectomy. In addition, age-dependent reference ranges for CT are necessary to define a cure in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). We asked whether the reference ranges for CT levels were age- and gender-dependent in the serum of a pediatric cohort.

Methods

A total of 6090 serum samples of 2639 subjects of the LIFE-Child cohort aged between 1 month and 17.9 years were analyzed by the CT electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Reference intervals were estimated using the LMS method. For clinical validation the serum of 28 patients (61 samples) with MEN 2 and 106 patients (136 samples) with thyroid diseases were analyzed.

Results

CT levels showed a clear age- and gender-dependence with significantly higher values in boys (p<0.01). An accelerated decline of CT levels from newborn to children at the age of 4 and 5 years was observed for both sexes. A cure for MTC was demonstrated in 71% of MEN 2 patients after thyroidectomy, whereas 5 patients remained suspicious for micrometastasis or relapse. Only 1.5% of our patients with thyroid diseases revealed increased CT levels.

Conclusions

This is the largest study to establish novel pediatric reference ranges from the CT values of healthy subjects. It allows a precise laboratory monitoring of CT in pediatric patients with MEN 2. Thyroid diseases did not have a relevant influence on CT levels in our pediatric cohort.
Sulfate-reducing bacteria-assisted cracking
Authors: Wu Tangqing , Sun Cheng , Yan Maocheng , Xu Jin , Yin Fucheng
Published: February 2019

Field and laboratory studies have verified that sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) can assist in cracking, but there is no comprehensive review in literature related to this research. In this paper, a mini-review was done giving the available information on SRB-assisted cracking, including actual cases, laboratory investigations, thermodynamic interpretation, cracking mechanisms, and affecting factors. Furthermore, the existing problems were regularly extracted, and the possible development tendency prospected.
Kimura disease: a case report of a rare illness presenting as a common complaint
Authors: Rush Margaret L. , Mauro Alexandra , Bhansali Priti
Published: February 2019

Background

Kimura is an uncommon inflammatory cause of pediatric head and neck masses due to eosinophilic infiltration of unclear etiology. Kimura can present similarly to infectious lymphadenitis, a much more common pediatric complaint. This case explores the role of anchoring bias when faced with an illness that at first appears to fit a common illness script that led to a delayed diagnosis.

Case presentation

A 7-year-old boy presented with acute onset of pre-auricular lymphadenopathy and fevers initially thought to be most consistent with infectious cervical lymphadenopathy. Despite treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics and multiple evaluations for underlying abscess requiring surgical drainage, the patient did not improve and remained febrile. Eventually, excisional lymph node biopsy was obtained and a pathologic diagnosis of Kimura disease was made.

Conclusions

This case illustrates an uncommon pediatric diagnosis which presented similarly to infectious cervical lymphadenitis without additional laboratory features consistent with Kimura. We highlight the role of anchoring bias and care fragmentation leading to repeat imaging and delayed biopsy in the eventual diagnosis of a rare illness.