bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and oxidation behaviour of Mo–Si–B–Hf alloys at 800 °C and 1100 °C
Authors: Sun Shuo , Lin Xiaohui , Gao Xuanqiao , Li Yanchao , Liang Jing , Zai Wei , Zhang Wen
Published: July 2024

The influences of the microstructure evolution and oxidation behaviour of Hf-modified Mo–12Si–12B alloys were systematically studied at 800 °C and 1100 °C. Vickers hardness tests show that the Hf addition increases the hardness of Mo–Si–B–Hf alloys. The oxidation experiments were conducted at 800 °C and 1100 °C for 12 h; the detailed analysis revealed that the formation of HfSiO4 in Mo–12Si–12B–10Hf alloy can effectively decrease the content of oxygen and make the surface of the oxide layer more complete at 800 °C. At 1100°C, the distinct difference in the expansion coefficient among the oxide films results in the formation of cracks and holes in Mo–12Si–12B–10Hf alloy, so the Mo–12Si–12B–10Hf alloy shows poor oxidation resistance.
Methods to Quantify the Importance of Parameters for Model Updating and Distributional Adaptation
Authors: Glynn David , Griffin Susan , Gutacker Nils , Walker Simon
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Decision models are time-consuming to develop; therefore, adapting previously developed models for new purposes may be advantageous. We provide methods to prioritize efforts to 1) update parameter values in existing models and 2) adapt existing models for distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA).

Methods

Methods exist to assess the influence of different input parameters on the results of a decision models, including value of information (VOI) and 1-way sensitivity analysis (OWSA). We apply 1) VOI to prioritize searches for additional information to update parameter values and 2) OWSA to prioritize searches for parameters that may vary by socioeconomic characteristics. We highlight the assumptions required and propose metrics that quantify the extent to which parameters in a model have been updated or adapted. We provide R code to quickly carry out the analysis given inputs from a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) and demonstrate our methods using an oncology case study.

Results

In our case study, updating 2 of 21 probabilistic model parameters addressed 71.5% of the total VOI and updating 3 addressed approximately 100% of the uncertainty. Our proposed approach suggests that these are the 3 parameters that should be prioritized. For model adaptation for DCEA, 46.3% of the total OWSA variation came from a single parameter, while the top 10 input parameters were found to account for more than 95% of the total variation, suggesting efforts should be aimed toward these.

Conclusions

These methods offer a systematic approach to guide research efforts in updating models with new data or adapting models to undertake DCEA. The case study demonstrated only very small gains from updating more than 3 parameters or adapting more than 10 parameters.

Highlights

It can require considerable analyst time to search for evidence to update a model or to adapt a model to take account of equity concerns. In this article, we provide a quantitative method to prioritze parameters to 1) update existing models to reflect potential new evidence and 2) adapt existing models to estimate distributional outcomes. We define metrics that quantify the extent to which the parameters in a model have been updated or adapted. We provide R code that can quickly rank parameter importance and calculate quality metrics using only the results of a standard probabilistic sensitivity analysis.
Public Accountability and Bureaucratic Discretion: Why do Internal Auditors Stretch the Boundaries of Their Role?
Authors: Natan-Krup Dana , Mizrahi Shlomo
Published: July 2024

Our goal is to identify the factors that encourage internal auditors in the public sector to use their discretion when conducting audits. By investigating multiple relationships between principals and agents, we show how complex structural conditions and accountability pressures influence public auditors’ discretion in the choice of audits they decide to conduct. To test our theoretical model and hypotheses, we created a closed-ended questionnaire distributed to a sample group of Israeli auditors. Our findings reveal a conditional effect between the factors related to the internal and external work environments of internal auditors. Our analysis indicates that internal support for internal auditors’ professional authority is significantly related to their inclination to stretch the boundaries of their role when they strongly believe that their direct principals are concerned about the expectations of the public and the audit committee regarding accountability. Nonetheless, individual auditing experience in the public sector was not significantly related to their professional approach. Our bottom-up approach emphasizes the role of citizens’ democratic awareness and their demand to support the broad scope of gatekeepers, rather than just explanations about the role of elites. Moreover, our conclusions emphasize the role of internal support for the auditors’ professional authority and question the role of their perceived independence in the approach they adopt to auditing.
Gaze Preferences to Male Contrapposto and Non-Contrapposto Postures
Authors: Pazhoohi Farid , Jacobs Oliver Lee , Kingstone Alan
Published: July 2024

Contrapposto, an asymmetrical twisting of the hips and shoulders, has historically been associated with beauty and aesthetics in art. While the impact of a female contrapposto posture on perception of attractiveness and visual attention has been studied, its effects on males remain understudied. The current research aims to explore whether contrapposto postures in men influence perceptions of attractiveness, dominance, masculinity, dynamism, and naturalness, as well as visual attention. Two eye-tracking studies were conducted, utilizing images of male models in contrapposto and upright poses. Despite differences in attributions, no significant differences were found in visual attention between the two poses in both initial fixation and prolonged gaze behaviors. Contrapposto was consistently perceived as less dominant, masculine, and natural. These findings suggest a feminizing effect of contrapposto on male body posture, aligning with previous research on female contrapposto. The current research provides insights into the historical and artistic significance of contrapposto while contributing to the understanding of nonverbal communication through body posture.
An educational MATLAB code for nonlinear isotropic/kinematic hardening model implementation
Authors: Marouani Haykel , Hassine Tarek
Published: July 2024

The paper addresses the importance of incorporating material behavior models, such as plasticity and fatigue models, into the academic curricula of mechanical engineering, materials science, and structural engineering. It highlights the challenges encountered by students due to the complexity of these models and the necessary mathematical background. The primary objective is to present a systematic implementation of the Chaboche model, which integrates isotropic and kinematic hardening to simulate material behavior under cyclic loading conditions. The implementation involves employing numerical methods like the Newton–Raphson method and solving ordinary differential equations using the implicit Euler method or asymptotic approximations. The paper aims to support and inspire students, engineers, and researchers to master the implementation of material behavior models. It specifically examines the case of isotropic elastoplastic material with mixed hardening subjected to a 1-D tensile-compression test. The provided MATLAB code allows users to customize cyclic loading scenarios and analyze material responses. The article structure encompasses sections introducing the Chaboche model, detailing numerical implementation methods, integrating the model, discussing the MATLAB code (included in the appendix) and results, and concluding remarks.
Assessment of prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients having lower urinary tract symptoms with benign prostatic hyperplasia and effect of various treatment modalities on sexual function
Authors: Mishra Jagamohan , Choudhury Sunirmal , Sinha Subham , Kundu Gourab , Mondal Partha Protim , Bera Malay
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Sexual dysfunction affects a couple’s relationship and quality of life of the patient and the partner irrespective of age. In Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent. This study aims to evaluate prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients having LUTS with BPH and effect of various treatment on it.

Materials and methods:

The study is hospital based prospective cross-sectional study. Total 106 patients were included in this study. Fifty-six patients underwent medical treatment and 50 patients underwent transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) according to lower urinary tract symptom score along with grades of prostate. We measured prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms, erectile dysfunction (ED), ejaculatory dysfunction (EJD).We compared the pre and post treatment ED, EJD scores in both medical and TURP group.

Result:

In our study, 11 (10.4%) patients had very mild ED, 12 (11.3%) had mild ED, 54 (50.9%) had moderate ED and 23 (21.7%) had severe ED. In our study, 11 (10.4%) patients had very mild EJD, 7 (6.6%) had mild EJD, 28 (26.4%) had moderate EJD and 2 (1.9%) had severe EJD. In medical group, ED pre-treatment versus ED post treatment was statistically significant ( p = 0.0046), treatment of LUTS improves ED. EJD pre-treatment versus EJD post treatment was not statistically significant ( p = 0.8368), treatment of LUTS associated with deterioration of EJD. In TURP group association of ED pre-treatment versus ED post treatment was statistically significant ( p = 0.0319). Post TURP patients shows improvement in ED Association of EJD pre-treatment versus EJD post-treatment was statistically significant ( p = 0.03000). Post TURP EJD deteriorate.

Conclusion:

We concluded that the severity of sexual dysfunction correlates with severity of LUTS. Ejaculatory function deteriorates after treatment of TURP compared to medical.
Transvesical blockade of the obturator nerve to prevent adductor contraction in transurethral resection of urinary bladder tumor
Authors: Choudhury Sunirmal , Ahmed Shahbaaz , Bose Anjana Ghosh Dastidar , Ghosh Debasish
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Urinary bladder tumors are one of the most common urological malignancies. Traditionally, it has been managed with trans-urethral resection of urinary bladder tumor (TURBT) for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. During TURBT of lateral wall tumors, there is risk of obturator nerve reflex (ONR), which can lead to serious complications such as inadvertent bleeding and urinary bladder perforation. To prevent this, obturator nerve block is given after spinal anesthesia. In this study, we have used the transvesical approach to block the obturator nerve.

Materials and methods:

In total, 60 patients were included in the study. In 30 of them, TURBT was performed under only SA and transvesical obturator nerve block (ONB). In the other 30 patients, TURBT was performed under SA and peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) guided obturator nerve block (performed by anesthetists) was given. The patients underwent TURBT using conventional monopolar cautery. The procedure time and peri-operative complications were studied. In all patients, informed consent was taken.

Results:

In this study, 30 ONBs (all bilateral) were performed transvesically. After confirming the location of the obturator nerve, transvesical ONB was given using local anesthetic. Two patients (6.67%) experienced adductor jerk during the operation. In the 30 patients who underwent peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) guided ONB, 6 of the patients (20%) experienced adductor jerk during the operation and 1 of those (3.33%) suffered from urinary bladder perforation which was managed conservatively.

Conclusion:

Transvesical ONB is an easy method to prevent adductor jerk during TURBT of lateral wall tumors. The learning curve is less and it has a high success rate.
Working for Rehab: Labor Expropriation as Treatment for Addiction
Authors: Hatton Erin
Published: July 2024

This article draws on in-depth interviews with 40 people who attended Salvation Army addiction programs, which deploy “work therapy” as their primary form of addiction treatment. For this “therapy,” rehab residents must work at least 40 h a week without pay. Their labor fuels the Salvation Army's multimillion-dollar thrift store enterprise, while the workers themselves are construed as unproductive objects of charity. Yet most of the informants in this study embrace the Salvation Army's program and its expropriation of their unpaid labor. Through analysis of the four ideological tenets they use to do so, this article develops a typology of ideological justifications for labor expropriation. This is of crucial importance because if, as Nancy Fraser argues, labor expropriation—in addition to exploitation—is central to capitalist accumulation, we need to understand this realm of work and the ideologies that uphold it.
Internal drivers of self-rule referendums
Authors: Goers Harriet , Cunningham Kathleen Gallagher , Balcells Laia
Published: July 2024

From Catalonia to Kurdistan to Scotland, referendums have increasingly become popular strategies of self-rule movements. Despite this, many referendums are considered failures by the movements (revealing a dearth of support), some are marred by violence, and few garner external backing. Given this, when are they likely to be employed? We argue that internal competition serves as one driving force for actors to use referendums as a way to gain or uphold status within the movement. Using novel data and two case studies, we highlight the ways these movements arrive at a vote for self-rule, underscoring the role of internal competition.
Examining national culture and journalistic autonomy
Authors: Collins Steve J. , Kinnally William , Sandoval Jennifer
Published: July 2024

This study used data from 52 countries to examine newspaper journalists’ perceptions of their professional autonomy and whether autonomy is improving. Results suggest that nearly three-quarters of newspaper journalists enjoy some degree of professional autonomy. Journalists in individualistic cultures and high uncertainty avoidance cultures reported higher levels of autonomy. A healthy democracy also predicted journalistic autonomy. Overall, results suggest journalistic freedom is declining. Interestingly, stronger human development was associated with perceived declines in autonomy.
Perceived Stress, Executive Function, and Stress Regulation: Implications for Middle Schoolers’ Emotional and Behavioral Well-being
Authors: Cumming Michelle M. , Qiu Yuxi , Oblath Rachel , Frazier Stacy L. , Criado Cristina , Theodore Sharde , Placido Gabriel
Published: July 2024

Middle schoolers with or at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) typically have a trajectory of difficult outcomes (e.g., school dropout, incarceration). Growing evidence suggests that the continuum of behavioral competence to challenges is closely linked to students’ neurocognitive executive function (EF) capacities, perceived stress (e.g., peers, school), and ability to navigate stressful situations; yet research with students with or at risk for EBD in middle school and from racially/ethnically under-represented backgrounds is limited. With 118 middle schoolers from a predominantly Hispanic/Latinx school district, we found (a) EF group differences among students with or at risk for EBD compared with peers without significant behaviors and (b) perceived stress and stress-regulation skills were uniquely associated with students’ internalizing and externalizing behaviors. We discuss research and practice implications.
Registered Reports in School Psychology Research: Initial Experiences, Analyses, and Future
Authors: Shaw Steven R. , Pecsi Sierra , Infantino Erika , Kang Yeon Hee , Verma Neha , von Hagen Alexa
Published: July 2024

This editorial is companion to the first registered report published in the Canadian Journal of School Psychology entitled, “Scope of School Psychological Practice in Germany: Part 1” by Alexa von Hagen et al. This manuscript outlines the importance of evidence-based practices in school psychology, identifies weaknesses in the foundation of current research practices, and discusses registered reports as a tool to enhance research rigor by mitigating biases such as p-hacking and publication bias. Registered reports have gained traction despite initial reservations from researchers due to perceived constraints and barriers; this approach to publication of scholarly articles can lead to a positive shift in the relationship between authors and editors during the publication process, fostering collaboration, transparency, and credibility in the research practice and ultimately leading to improved evidence-based practice. Initial experiences from the first registered report in the field of school psychology are examined, noting advantages, disadvantages, and future recommendations. The adoption of registered reports signifies a cultural shift toward more robust, transparent, and credible research practices in school psychology, leading to true evidence-based practice with increased likelihood of implementation.
Semi-militarized in war and lack of recognition in peace: Norwegian and other Allied seafarers in the Second World War
Authors: Rosendahl Bjørn Tore
Published: July 2024

Ship transport was a decisive factor for the outcome of the Second World War and resulted in many casualties among merchant seafarers. A lesser-known consequence of the war was the challenges to the seafarers’ position as civilians, not least through the militarization of merchant ships. This article investigates how this took place and its consequences during and after the war. Both the seafarers’ questionable legal status in relation to the rules of war and the character of their situation are analysed. This is done by studying how the wartime seafarers were treated by their governments, the enemies’ perspective and the seafarers’ own identity, using empirical examples from the Norwegian and other Allied nations’ merchant fleets. An unclear and changing position between being a military and a civilian person, probably contributed to the lack of recognition of the seafarers’ long and dangerous wartime effort in the post-war era.
Canadian Association of Radiologists Genitourinary Imaging Referral Guideline
Authors: Hamel Candyce , Avard Barb , Brahm Gary , Fung Daisy , Martens Benjamin , Michaud Alan , Miller Lisa , Sala Eric , Wallis Christopher J. D. , Fung Christopher
Published: July 2024

The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) Genitourinary Expert Panel is made up of physicians from the disciplines of radiology, emergency medicine, family medicine, nephrology, and urology, a patient advisor, and an epidemiologist/guideline methodologist. After developing a list of 22 clinical/diagnostic scenarios, a rapid scoping review was undertaken to identify systematically produced referral guidelines that provide recommendations for one or more of these clinical/diagnostic scenarios. Recommendations from 30 guidelines and contextualization criteria in the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) for guidelines framework were used to develop 65 recommendation statements across the 22 scenarios (2 scenarios point to the CAR Obstetrics and Gynecology Diagnostic Imaging Referral Guideline). This guideline presents the methods of development and the referral recommendations for haematuria, hypertension, renal disease (or failure), renal colic, renal calculi in the absence of acute colic, renal lesion, urinary tract obstruction, urinary tract infection, scrotal mass, or pain, including testicular torsion, adrenal mass, incontinence, urgency, and frequency, chronic pelvic pain, elevated PSA, infertility, and pelvic floor.
A novel proposed approach for optimal design of a 2-Dof manipulator arm
Authors: Hamel Amani , Haddad Moussa , Rebhi Lamine , Khatir Samir
Published: July 2024

The manipulator arm design is generally related to a search for a compromise between conflicting requirements. Finding this compromise requires the resolution of a bi-level optimization problem (the respect of some specific constraints involves solving other optimization sub-problems). In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the optimal dimensioning of a two-degrees-of-freedom manipulator arm, where the objective function is defined by the minimization of the structure’s overall mass. The constraints that are taken into consideration can be divided into three categories: geometrical (bounds on design variables, admissible limit of the static deflection at the endpoint of the effector), kinematic (bounds on joint velocities and the accelerations of the actuators), and dynamic (admissible limit of the dynamic deflection at the endpoint of the effector). To achieve the penalizing dynamic configurations in terms of actuator torques and dynamic deflection, a quasi-static deformation model and a recurrent dynamic model were used. The static and dynamic deflection constraints are treated as optimization sub-problems, where their outcomes are integrated, at each iteration, into the global optimization process. The validation of the developed quasi-static deformation model as well as the proposed optimal dimensioning approach is conducted by comparing results with Ansys software simulations. Notably, The proposed approach demonstrates a significantly faster computation time compared to the Ansys software (06 s for the proposed approach vs 21 h for Ansys). Even though Ansys software performs optimal dimensioning for an imposed trajectory.
The effect of increasing eccentricity and leakage on the performance of an axial piston pump
Authors: Pathak Anurag , Sonkar Neeraj , Gupta Rishabh , Miglani Ankur , Kankar Pavan Kumar
Published: July 2024

An Axial Piston Pump (APPs), suitable for high pressure and high efficiency, is used as the source of fluid power in the hydraulic system. Due to the compact design and relative motion between various parts, it causes wear in parts thus leakage introduce between various moving parts which work under tight tolerance. Multiple faults in an axial piston pump occur simultaneously after a long time of operation due to harsh working conditions and heavy loads. Faults in the pump deteriorate the pump’s performance and limit the operating range of the pump. Estimation must account for random and uncertain characteristics, and accurate wear prediction is difficult. Effective diagnosis improves pump dependability and performance. An approach based on simulation is utilized to model the impact of faults like leakage through eccentricity in piston-cylinder arrangement with increasing severity of clearance between piston-cylinder arrangement and its effect on the pump performance. As the clearance with different eccentricity between the piston and cylinder arrangement increases, outlet pressure and discharge of the pump remains unaffected up to a critical value of severity. After further increasing severity, outlet pressure and discharge reduce monotonically and saturate at a single value in extremely severe conditions. With increasing the severity of eccentricity in the piston-cylinder arrangement and increasing the severity of clearance, a critical threshold value shifts to a lower magnitude.
Research on time-energy optimal trajectory planning of articulated heavy-duty robot
Authors: Han Ming , Xiong Bin , Liu Jinyue , Yang Dong , Li Tiejun
Published: July 2024

Articulated heavy-duty robots are more and more widely used in the construction environment. Aiming at the problems of low working efficiency and high energy consumption of this kind of robot, a multi-objective adaptive trajectory planning method combining path optimization and trajectory optimization is proposed to improve the working efficiency of the robot and reduce energy consumption. Firstly, based on kinematics and dynamic analysis considering friction, the energy consumption model of robot trajectory is constructed. Then, according to the posture of the key points in the known workspace, the optimal path points in the joint space are obtained by a path point solution method considering the joint load characteristics. On this basis, a multi-objective model considering running time and energy consumption is established to plan the interpolation trajectory of the joint space of the quintic B-spline curve. Finally, constrained by the velocity, acceleration and torque of the joint of the manipulator, the optimal solution is obtained by using the elite non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), and the optimal weight factor is selected by a multi-objective adaptive optimization method to obtain the optimal position-time series. The experimental results show that compared with the quintic polynomial trajectory optimization method, the energy consumption of the proposed method is reduced by 10.90% under the same working efficiency. The research results of this paper provide a new optimization idea for other target trajectory planning.
A hybrid dynamic adversarial domain adaptation network with multi-channel attention mechanism for rotating machinery unsupervised fault diagnosis under varying operating conditions
Authors: Duan Hangbo , Cai Zongyan , Xu Yuanbo
Published: July 2024

Data-driven intelligent fault diagnosis methods have been extensively researched and applied in rotating machinery. In practical application scenarios, factors such as variable operating conditions and scarcity of labeled samples in rotating machinery hinder the engineering application and promotion of diagnostic models. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an unsupervised domain adaptation network called the Multi-scale Hybrid Domain Adaptation with Attention (MHDAA). Firstly, a multi-scale convolutional module was developed to extract fault features at different scales. Secondly, a multi-channel attention mechanism was proposed to enable the convolution layers of different convolution kernels fully extract feature information. Finally, a hybrid domain adaptation was constructed to dynamically extract invariant features from both the source and target domains. The method was evaluated in multiple transfer scenarios of planetary gearboxes and bearings. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively utilize fault features with high correlation from multiple source domains to complete fault diagnosis with unknown data labels in the target domain. Moreover, the proposed method exhibits superior diagnostic performance.
Performance prediction and parametric study for annular radiator based on heat transfer unit efficiency and ELM-Sobol’ method
Authors: Xu Zhe , Hou Yandong , Ning Xin , Zhang Shunv , Wan Xiuying , Shi Tianji
Published: July 2024

One performance prediction method for an annular radiator that is a one neoteric heat exchanger is improved through using heat transfer unit efficiency to give consideration to both computational efficiency and accuracy, which can realize heat transfer capacity and air-side pressure drop calculation. Only one set of heat transfer unit simulation data is needed in the improved method, which can improve calculation efficiency by keeping a low numerical simulation workload. Compared with experimental data, the errors of heat transfer capacity are 2.20∼12.94% with an average deviation of 7.40%, and the errors of air-side pressure drop are 2.06∼4.75% with an average deviation of 3.19%. Based on the proposed performance prediction method, the influences of the number of fins in the axial direction (NFAD), number of fins in the circumferential direction (NFCD), and fin height (FH) on heat transfer capacity, air-side pressure drop, and weight are analyzed. An extreme learning machine (ELM) model is constructed to replace the proposed performance prediction method to calculate design indices in the Sobol’ method. Thus, the ELM-Sobol’ method is proposed to study the contribution degrees of the three configuration parameters on the three design indices. It indicates that whether the interaction between factors is considered or not, heat transfer capacity is the most sensitive to changes in FH, followed by NFCD and NFAD. The influences of NFCD on air-side pressure drop and weight are both the strongest, followed by FH and NFAD. Hence, when considering heat transfer capacity, air-side pressure drop, and weight simultaneously, NFCD and FH are suggested to be prioritized for adjustment among these configuration parameters. This research can provide valuable new thinking for heat exchanger design.
The methods and principles of the natural sciences are not a diet we need to follow: A close look at the terms of the question
Authors: Derksen Maarten
Published: July 2024

In this article, I discuss each of the elements of this special issue’s question, that is, “should,” “psychology,” “follow,” “the methods and principles,” and “the natural sciences,” and first argue that the natural sciences are many and diverse, and the choice to emulate them would still leave plenty of room for variety. There are, moreover, good ontological reasons to resist the urge to restrict what we call “psychology” to the study of human life with the “methods and principles of the natural sciences.” Psychologists should feel free to adopt and adapt (rather than follow) what has been developed in other fields of research in terms of principles, methods, techniques, and instruments. That includes fields of research other than those in the natural sciences.
A case for using methods from natural science in advancing the field of cognitive neuroscience
Authors: Fernandes Myra A.
Published: July 2024

Cognitive neuroscience seeks to pinpoint the neural basis of cognitive function. Application of scientific methods can be credited for its advancement within the field of psychology. Past approaches such as phrenology, that linked bumps on the skull to mental capabilities, initially gained popularity, but the lack of experimental testing contributed to its demise. Research in neuropsychology and the use of the double dissociation experimental technique subsequently emerged. Objective measurements of behaviour following selective damage within the brain led to a paradigm shift. More recently, application of the subtraction technique, coupled with the emergence of cognitive neuroimaging tools, has allowed psychologists to isolate and measure specific functions such as language, vision, memory, and recognition of emotion. Importantly, these approaches enable reliable prediction of behaviours, given parameters of brain integrity, a key goal within the field of psychology.
The Evolving Function of Vasculature and Pro-angiogenic Therapy in Fat Grafting
Authors: Xining Zhang , Sai Luo
Published: July 2024

Autologous fat grating is a widely-accepted method to correct soft tissue deficiency. Although fat transplantation shows excellent biocompatibility and simple applicability, the relatively low retention rate caused by fat necrosis is still a challenge. The vasculature is integral after fat grafting, serving multiple crucial functions. Rapid and effective angiogenesis within grafts is essential for supplying oxygen necessary for adipocytes’ survival. It facilitates the influx of inflammatory cells to remove necrotic adipocytes and aids in the delivery of regenerative cells for adipose tissue regeneration in fat grafts. The vasculature also provides a niche for interaction between adipose progenitor cells and vascular progenitor cells, enhancing angiogenesis and adipogenesis in grafts. Various methods, such as enriching grafts with diverse pro-angiogenic cells or utilizing cell-free approaches, have been employed to enhance angiogenesis. Beige and dedifferentiated adipocytes in grafts could increase vessel density. This review aims to outline the function of vasculature in fat grafting and discuss different cell or cell-free approaches that can enhance angiogenesis following fat grafting.
Predicting Financial Manipulation Using an Ensemble-based Approach
Authors: Barbhuiya Abdul Aziz , Das Ashim Kumar , Dey Sudip
Published: July 2024

Financial manipulation becomes a critical issue in corporate transparency due to the increased dependency on stakeholders’ decision-making. The present study proposed a machine learning (ML) driven framework to predict financial manipulation with tertiary classification. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of the Ensemble Bagged Trees (EBT) model in predicting financial manipulation with a greater qualitative hierarchy of financial statements. The supervised ML classification technique is trained and tested using secondary data. The EBT model has provided valuable insight and effectively predicted financial manipulation. The study further enhanced the model using feature selection based on chi-square value and achieved dimensionality reduction using parallel coordination plot analysis. The use of the model may help stakeholders make proper decisions based on public financial information.
Factors Related to Diagnosis of Diabetes After Detecting High Blood Glucose Levels Through Screening: One-Year Follow-up Among Publicly Insured Adults in Gunma, Japan
Authors: Oba Shino , Murakami Hirokazu , Saitoh Takayuki , Hayashi Kunihiko , Okada Yoshihisa , Imano Yasuko , Takaki Osamu , Kiryu Ikue , Ishikawa Mai , Sato Yumi
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to assess the diagnosis of diabetes after detecting high blood glucose levels through screening among insured individuals in Gunma, Japan. Data for men and women 35 to 74 years of age were provided by Japan Health Insurance Association, and 4133 individuals with high blood glucose levels while not currently being treated for diabetes were included in the study. About 13% received a diagnosis of diabetes at a subsequent physician visit, and individuals who were under treatment for hypertension were less likely to receive the added diagnosis of diabetes compared with those not being treated for hypertension (odds ratio = 0.42 from a logistic regression model). Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly improved in the next year only among individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes.
Assessing aesthetic music-evoked emotions in a minute or less: A comparison of the GEMS-45 and the GEMS-9
Authors: Jacobsen Peer-Ole , Strauss Hannah , Vigl Julia , Zangerle Eva , Zentner Marcel
Published: July 2024

The Geneva Emotional Music Scale (GEMS) is a widely used instrument to measure emotions evoked by music. Its original version includes 45 emotion-related adjectives that can be grouped into nine dimensions and three second-order factors. Because time is often critical, the same authors introduced a checklist that assesses each dimension with one item only (GEMS-9). The checklist is being increasingly used, but it remains at present unclear whether the two instruments produce comparable scores. To redress this gap, we had 192 participants rate 18 music excerpts from various music genres with both instruments. We found that although scores on the nine GEMS emotions did converge in terms of profile similarity, the GEMS-9 tended to produce somewhat higher absolute scores. Yet, when dimensions of the GEMS-45 were represented by their highest-scoring scale item, the absolute scores were consistent as well. We conclude that if researchers have time constraints but still wish to capture some of the distinct features of music-evoked emotion, the GEMS-9 provides an interesting alternative to the GEMS-45.
World War 2 governmental cost-plus procurement: An Australian case study
Authors: Burrows Geoff , Cobbin Phillip E. , Hronsky Jane
Published: July 2024

The much-maligned cost-plus contract used in the procurement of defence assets has received little attention in the accounting history literature focused on accounting and the military in times of war. An extensive archive of a World War 2 contract between the Australian government and the UK De Havilland Aircraft Company for the supply of Tiger Moth airframes provides an opportunity to investigate important features of this contract, including cost recording and disclosure, monitoring of cost data by government inspectors, resolution of uncontracted events and evidence of government action to mitigate risks associated with this form of contracting. We also broaden the extant literature on open-book accounting on the premise that government access to the contractor's costing system constitutes a strong subset of this phenomenon. Finally, the batch-costing techniques utilised show strong evidence of ‘learning’ in respect of direct labour costs, consistent with this feature of cost behaviour in aircraft assembly.
The Pathways to Community Living Initiative (PCLI) for older adults: implementation and outcomes
Authors: Kellett Rowena , Findlay Lillian , Lubbe Sean , Wand Anne PF
Published: July 2024

Objective

To describe implementation of the Pathways to Community Living Initiative (PCLI) within an Older People’s Mental Health (OPMH) service.

Method

A retrospective observational study was conducted. Implementation comprised partnership with a specialist Residential Aged Care Facility (RACF). Data were obtained from Clinical Advisory Committee (CAC) discussion and minutes, the PCLI database, and consumer medical records.

Results

Eighteen consumers were accepted onto the program between April 2019 and March 2023. Their PCLI and rating scale outcomes alongside interventions facilitating placements are described. Interventions included OPMH case management, wide-reaching liaison, and inservices. Challenges included communication, confusion regarding roles, and differing views on capacity to accommodate complex consumers. Solutions included streamlining communication, including clinical updates in the CAC, facility appointment of a lead PCLI-nurse, and targeted RACF education.

Conclusions

Considered interventions strengthened the OPMH and specialist RACF partnership over time. Clarification of professional roles and intersection with other services was crucial. Successful placement for PCLI consumers required consideration of personalised needs and existing resident mix, liaison with stakeholders, and targeted staff training. These strategies may apply to other health services implementing similar initiatives supporting community placements for OPMH consumers with complex needs.
Moving Forward: Reply to Feldman
Authors: Videka Lynn
Published: July 2024

The paper replies to three issues that Fedlman raises in his assessment research since the 1991 National Institute of Mental Health Social Work Task Force Report. Three topics are addressed, the need to expand and better prepare the social work research workforce, the profession's current research infrastructure, and improving research- to-practice research translation. Ideas for workforce growth include attracting more students with articulation of social work's social justice and research missions, increasing doctoral education rigor, and peer review of doctoral education programs as a tool for program improvement. The Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education has contributed to research education progress with its program standards, but not all programs meet these standards. Research to practice can be aided by the creation of AI-based tools. The profession needs better data on research productivity and infrastructure in research-intensive schools in order to raise needed resources for research.
Stop Asking How Much Information Your Patient Wants Before Discussing Serious News
Authors: Munger Natalie K. , Vermylen Julia H. , Aluce Laurie M. , Smith Melanie M. , Wood Gordon J.
Published: July 2024

Discussing serious news is a fundamental communication skill, and many clinicians have been taught to ask their patients how much detail they want to hear before sharing difficult information. Over the past decade, we have taught hundreds of medical students how to discuss serious news and reviewed hundreds of their recorded conversations. We’ve found that asking how much detail a patient wants to hear often results in confusion and is not an effective way to understand their communication preferences. Instead of asking how much detail your patient wants to hear, we propose an alternative way to tailor information to their needs when discussing serious news. By asking permission to share, presenting the news in a succinct, jargon-free headline, and providing emotional support and expert guidance at the right times, you can give the correct amount of detail while avoiding unnecessary confusion resulting in high-quality, patient centered communication every time you discuss serious news.
Advocacy Coalitions and Education Policy Transfer: Lessons from School Board of Trustees Policy in Georgia
Authors: Tabatadze Sandro
Published: July 2024

The article explores the relationship between education policy change and policy transfer, focusing on Georgia's School Board of Trustees. It analyzes how Western practices have been implemented in the education policies of post-Soviet countries. To achieve this, the article utilizes instrumental case studies and in-depth interviews. It views policy transfer as a tool of education policy change while integrating it with an advocacy coalition framework. The study indicates that advocacy coalitions transform into transfer networks, and their approach is to replicate or emulate foreign experiences. The article also poses new research questions, enabling researchers to build on and scrutinize the proposed assumptions and concentrate on post-Soviet education policy transformation.
Review of Subcutaneous Insulin Regimens in the Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults and Pediatrics
Authors: Ibarra Francisco , Bae Ryan , Haghighat Bardya
Published: July 2024

Objective:

Summarize the studies evaluating the use of subcutaneous (SQ) insulin in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in adults and pediatrics.

Data Sources:

A PubMed literature search was conducted for articles published between 2000 and the end of May 2024 which contained the following terms in their title: (1) subcutaneous, glargine, or basal and (2) ketoa*.

Study selection and data extraction:

Review articles, guidelines, meta-analysis, commentaries, studies not related to the acute management of DKA, studies evaluating continuous SQ insulin, animal studies, if the time to DKA resolution was not clearly defined, and studies where basal insulin was administered greater than 6 hours after the insulin infusion was started were excluded.

Data synthesis:

The electronic search identified 58 articles. Following the initial screening 38 articles were excluded and 3 were added after bibliography review. Of the 23 articles assessed for eligibility, 7 were excluded. Sixteen articles were included. Five studies compared SQ rapid/short-acting insulin and intravenous (IV) insulin infusions in adults, 4 compared SQ rapid/short-acting insulin and IV insulin infusions in pediatrics, 4 evaluated IV insulin infusions with or without SQ basal insulin in adults, and 3 evaluated IV insulin infusions with or without SQ basal insulin in pediatrics.

Relevance to patient care and clinical practice:

In comparison with IV insulin infusions, rapid/short-acting SQ insulin regimens were associated with reduced ICU admission rates, hospital length of stay, and hospitalization costs. IV insulin infusion regimens that included a single SQ basal insulin dose upon therapy initiation were associated with reduced concurrent IV insulin infusion durations.

Conclusion:

Studies reviewed suggest that SQ insulin regimens may be as effective and safe as IV insulin infusions in the management of DKA and are associated with the conservation of resources. Providers may refer to this review when establishing or modifying their DKA management protocols.
Measurement Invariance of the HEXACO-100 Across Gender Groups: A Three-Sample Study
Authors: Ock Jisoo , McAbee Samuel T.
Published: July 2024

We used exploratory structural equation modeling to examine gender-based measurement invariance (MI) in the HEXACO-100 across three samples that varied in terms of age (undergraduate students in Study 1, working adults in Studies 2 and 3) and testing context (research context in Studies 1 and 2, high-stakes selection context in Study 3). Across three studies, we consistently found support for configural and metric invariance but not scalar invariance. However, the effect size measures of non-invariance were generally small. That said, in the Emotionality scale, for the same latent score, females scored higher than males due to measurement non-invariance (between 0.26 and 0.48 standard deviation units). Thus, the observed mean gender differences overestimated the true mean gender differences. The current study provides detailed evidence regarding gender-based MI of HEXACO personality scales. More generally, it provides insight regarding the effect that measurement artifacts can have on understanding psychological gender differences at the latent level.
Examining the Criterion and Incremental Validity of the MMPI-3 Impulsivity Scale
Authors: Lane Hannah L. , Kremyar Andrew J. , Ben-Porath Yossef S. , Sellbom Martin
Published: July 2024

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) includes a new Impulsivity (IMP) scale designed to assess for poor impulse-control and non-planful behavior, which was added to broaden the utility of the instrument. The current study aimed to examine the criterion and incremental validity of the IMP scale. A university student sample ( n = 1,440) and a community sample oversampled for externalizing tendencies ( n = 231) were used for this purpose, and IMP scores were compared to scores on various well-validated criterion measures of impulsivity and externalizing psychopathology. To examine the scale’s incremental validity, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether IMP adds to other MMPI-3 Specific Problem (SP) scales in the prediction of relevant criteria. The IMP scale primarily showed meaningful correlations with the Negative Urgency and Positive Urgency on the UPPS-P. Significant correlations were also observed with the cognitive, behavioral, disinhibition, and lifestyle domains of various psychopathy measures, as well as measures of antisocial personality disorder and substance use. The IMP scale scores accounted for incremental variance in most of the directly relevant criterion measures above and beyond scores of other MMPI-3 SP scales. Several important caveats, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
The Imperfect Yet Valuable Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: Factor Structure, Dimensionality, and Possible Cutoff Score
Authors: Erez Chen , Gordon Ilanit
Published: July 2024

The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is frequently used to assess emotion regulation (ER) capabilities. Originally a multidimensional scale, many utilize its total score, without clear recommendations. We aimed to explore the DERS’s structure, dimensionality, and utility and provide clinicians and researchers with clear guidelines. Self-report data on ER, personality, psychopathology, and life satisfaction were collected from 502 adults. Seventy also participated in a lab study evaluating group interactions, which included additional self-report and physiological monitoring. Findings suggested favoring the correlated-traits and bifactor models, the latter excelling in direct comparisons. The total score was found reliable and valid, explaining 53.3% of the variance, with a distinct emotional awareness subfactor, suggesting a non-pure unidimensional solution. A cutoff score of 95 identified significant ER difficulties, linked to psychopathology. We thus recommend using the DERS’s total score and 95 as its cutoff, while calling for further validation in diverse and clinical samples.