bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use and perception of complementary and alternative medicine among Iranian psychologists
Authors: Tehrani Hadi , Nejatian Mahbobeh , Jafari Alireza
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The seeking and use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) modalities by people to treat mental disorders has increased and it is necessary for psychologists to have the necessary information in this field. This study aims to evaluate the use and perception of CAM by Iranian psychologists.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 psychologists selected by the census in 2019. Data collection tools consisted of four sections of the demographic section, the CAM questionnaire for psychologists, awareness of CAM, and use of CAM. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire were confirmed.

Results

The mean (standard deviation) scores of attitude and educational needs were 40.45 (11.36) and 33.93 (5.96), respectively. Only 19.25% of psychologists had sufficient knowledge of CAM, and most of them (56.34%) reported that there is an educational need for CAM. In this study, 64% of psychologists used CAM for themselves. There was a significant relationship between the attitude toward CAM modalities and the suggestion of CAM to the clients (p=0.025). There was also a significant relationship between the use of CAM by psychologists and the suggestion of these modalities to their clients (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Psychologists had not sufficient awareness about CAM and had a moderate attitude. Most of the psychologists reported that there is educational need for CAM. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement appropriate training courses for psychologists toward CAM modalities.
Mechanical behavior of thin-walled steel under hard contact with rigid seabed rock: Theoretical contact approach and nonlinear FE calculation
Authors: Rio Prabowo Aditya , Tuswan Tuswan , Adiputra Ristiyanto , Do Quang Thang , Sohn Jung Min , Surojo Eko , Imaduddin Fitrian
Published: October 2021

This work aims to investigate the mechanical behavior of steel-plated structures under a raking incident and to quantify the effect of the mesh size in nonlinear finite element (NLFE) analysis. To conveniently comprehend nonlinear phenomena, i.e., the grounding which takes place in this work, a series of theoretical contact formulations was defined. In the main analysis, raking, which is a part of the grounding scenario, was strictly assumed as contact between a tanker, which was assumed to have thin-walled steel, and a seabed rock in the form of a solid obstruction. Designed raking scenarios were calculated using the FE method by using the nonlinear phenomena of the material behavior in the calculation. The findings of this work indicated that the possibility of expanding the recommended mesh size in FE simulation should be evaluated by quantifying the behavior of structural responses, such as energy, the force damage pattern, and acceleration, subjected to a variety of applied meshing techniques. The results concluded that a notable difference occurred when the mesh size was more than 132 mm (ratio 11 based on the plate dimension in this work), and this size is strictly recommended to be used for calculation of the element length-to-thickness (ELT) ratio. Assessment in time simulation showed that applying larger mesh sizes will reduce the simulation time but increase the maximum values of the crashworthiness parameters, i.e., energy, force, acceleration, and displacement.
Update on endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: severe disease, long COVID-19 and pediatric characteristics
Authors: Gavriilaki Eleni , Eftychidis Ioannis , Papassotiriou Ioannis
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To review current literature on the role of endothelial dysfunction in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection in terms of pathophysiology, laboratory features and markers, clinical phenotype in adults and children, as well as long COVID-19.

Content

We conducted a thorough assessment of the literature and critically analyzed current data, mostly utilizing the PubMed and Medline search engines to find original studies published in the previous decade.

Summary and Outlook

Accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction may be a common denominator of severe COVID-19 in adults and children, as well as long COVID-19, implicating mutual pathophysiological pathways. This narrative review summarizes the up-to-date knowledge of endothelial dysfunction caused by COVID-19, including novel aspects of long COVID-19 and pediatric disease. This knowledge is important in order not only to understand the multisystemic attack of COVID-19, but also to improve patient management and prognosis.
Two tractable models of dynamic light scattering and their application to Fano resonances
Authors: Tribelsky Michael I. , Miroshnichenko Andrey E.
Published: October 2021

We introduce two tractable analytical models to describe dynamic effects at resonant light scattering by subwavelength particles. One of them is based on a generalization of the temporal coupled-mode theory, and the other employs the normal mode approach. We show that sharp variations in the envelope of the incident pulse may initiate unusual, counterintuitive dynamics of the scattering associated with interference of modes with fast and slow relaxation. To exhibit the power of the models, we apply them to explain the dynamic light scattering of a square-envelope pulse by an infinite circular cylinder made of GaP, when the pulse carrier frequency lies in the vicinity of the destructive interference at the Fano resonances. We observe and explain intensive sharp spikes in scattering cross-sections just behind the leading and trailing edges of the incident pulse. The latter occurs when the incident pulse is over and is explained by the electromagnetic energy released in the particle at the previous scattering stages. The accuracy of the models is checked against their comparison with results of the direct numerical integration of the complete set of Maxwell’s equations and occurs very high. The models’ advantages and disadvantages are revealed, and the ways to apply them to other types of dynamic resonant scattering are discussed.
The crystal structure of 3-amino-5-carboxypyridin-1-ium bromide, C6H7BrN2O2
Authors: Du Chao-Jun , Niu De-Long , Yan Zhen-Li , Zheng Shi-Li , Zeng Yan
Published: October 2021

C6H7BrN2O2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.3026(4) Å, b = 7.4618(4) Å, c = 7.8746(4) Å, α = 81.542(3)°, β = 89.459(3)°, γ = 61.718(3)°, V = 372.86(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0209, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0473, T = 150(2) K.
Recovering cointegration via wavelets in the presence of non-linear patterns
Authors: Martínez Compains Jorge , Rodríguez Carreño Ignacio , Gençay Ramazan , Trani Tommaso , Ramos Vilardell Daniel
Published: October 2021

Johansen’s Cointegration Test (JCT) performs remarkably well in finding stable bivariate cointegration relationships. Nonetheless, the JCT is not necessarily designed to detect such relationships in presence of non-linear patterns such as structural breaks or cycles that fall in the low frequency portion of the spectrum. Seasonal adjustment procedures might not detect such non-linear patterns, and thus, we expose the difficulty in identifying cointegrating relations under the traditional use of JCT. Within several Monte Carlo experiments, we show that wavelets can empower more the JCT framework than the traditional seasonal adjustment methodologies, allowing for identification of hidden cointegrating relationships. Moreover, we confirm these results using seasonally adjusted time series as US consumption and income, gross national product (GNP) and money supply M1 and GNP and M2.
Docencia, derecho, ópera. Prima la musica, poi le parole?
Authors: Miranda Boto José María
Published: October 2021

La Universidad debe ser un vehículo de formación de ciudadanos, en los que se instilen intereses culturales junto con conocimientos técnicos. El texto reflexiona sobre el encaje de la ópera en los estudios de Derecho, proponiendo la utilización de los contenidos musicales como notas al pie de las enseñanzas. Se buscará con ella suscitar la curiosidad del estudiante, que le lleve a descubrir con este estímulo el “arte definitivo”. El artículo propone un elenco de conexiones jurídico-musicales, que recorren la historia de la ópera y una buena extensión del ordenamiento jurídico, de Mozart a Berg, del Derecho Penal al Derecho del Trabajo.
Evolución histórica del desempleo en el derecho originario de la Unión Europea
Authors: Pazó Argibay José Manuel
Published: October 2021

Muchos de los aspectos que, hoy en día, configuran la protección por desempleo en el Derecho de la Unión Europea no serían comprensibles sin un conocimiento previo de la evolución histórica de esta contingencia. Este trabajo ofrece un estudio pormenorizado de la evolución en el tratamiento del desempleo en el derecho originario de la Unión Europea, partiendo de unos inicios de ausencia absoluta a la preocupación máxima de los últimos años, identificando las bases históricas, sociales, económicas y políticas sobre las que se asienta su regulación actual.
El art. 100.2 RP como expresión del sistema de individualización científica y del principio de flexibilidad: algunos datos sobre su aplicación
Authors: Rodríguez Puerta María José
Published: October 2021

En el presente trabajo se analizarán las condiciones que justifican la obtención del régimen flexible previsto en el art. 100.2 Reglamento Penitenciario. Para ello se examinan los requisitos que impone la normativa penitenciaria y la aplicación que de esta medida está haciendo la Administración penitenciaria, tanto a nivel nacional como en Cataluña. Se pretende así probar la utilidad de este régimen para la individualización del tratamiento y, en especial, como instrumento flexibilizador de las condiciones de vida que se aplican a los internos que cumplen su pena clasificados en segundo grado, bajo el modelo de vida propio del régimen ordinario.
PROBLEMAS PROCESALES Y DE EJECUCIÓN PENITENCIARIA: JUSTICIA RESTAURATIVA Y DELITOS SOCIOECONÓMICOS .
Authors: REBOLLO VARGAS Rafael
Published: October 2021

En el presente trabajo se abordan las dificultades procesales  en el ámbito de la justicia restauradora y los delitos socioeconómicos. Se examina la viabilidad de la acusación particular, concluyendo que no es el mecanismo idóneo para poner en marcha el procedimiento ya que, la legitimación procesal se atribuye a quien no es ofendido ni perjudicado, mientras que en estos delitos existen unos bienes jurídicos de índole supraindividual y, con ello, unos perjudicados. Por el contrario, se propone que el mecanismo procesal idóneo para la defensa de esos bienes jurídicos supraindividuales reside en las acciones colectivas (art. 7.3 LOPJ), que deberían recibir el tratamiento de una acción particular colectiva entendida como el ejercicio de la acción penal por personas jurídicas o agrupaciones en defensa de intereses colectivos y difusos. En segundo lugar, se analizan los problemas de ejecución penitenciaria inherentes a la justicia restaurativa en el ámbito de los delitos socioeconómicos.
Effect of micro osteo-perforations (MOP) on the rate of tooth movement and levels of interleukin-1β - a split mouth study
Authors: Bavikati Venkata Naidu , Muhameed Abdul Rasheed , Mohaley Nikitha , Thimmaiah Manjula K. , Botlagunta Keerthi Kavya , Basalingappa Sangamesh
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Various procedures are available today to enhance tooth movement, with relative success rates, one among them being Micro Osteo Perforation (MOP). Our aim is to assess the rate of tooth movement and interleukin 1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid levels (GCF)after MOPs.

Methodology. A group of 22 patients were selected, who required first premolars extraction  and were designated for the split mouth study with equal allocation. MOP was performed on the right side, three vertical MOPs were given using 1.2 X 8 mm mini implants with the gap of 2 mm between them and surgical depth of the implant insertion was 5 mm. The left side was used as control. The individual canine retraction was initiated with placement of 150 grams on 19*25 SS wire. The case was evaluated at different timelines for canine retraction and Interleukin 1β levels.

Results. There was a significant difference in the rate of canine movement at 45 days (1.42 mm) and end of canine retraction on experimental side(2.61 mm). The GCF levels were raised at T1 and T2 intervals on the side of MOP and were statically significant (p=0.00).

Conclusion. MOP is a minimally invasive procedure which accelerates the tooth movement by 20%. The increase in IL 1βlevels indicates a higher rate of chemical interaction on the surgically assisted side. For enhanced efficiency MOPs should be repeated every 6-8 weeks.
The outcome of direct composite restorations using the dental operating microscope
Authors: Bud Marius , Zlăvog Mircea , Jitaru Ștefan , Korkut Bora , Spataru Sergiu , Delean Ada
Published: October 2021

Background. The objective of the present study was to compare the outcome of direct composite restorations, with and without the use of additional magnification.

Methods. Twenty extracted molars were selected for the study. Class 1 Black cavities were prepared. All teeth were etched, and bonding agent was applied. Teeth were assigned randomly into two groups of ten each. Group I: restorations were done without the use of magnification, first by placing a layer of SDR® flow +Bulk Fill Flowable on the base of the cavity, and then restoring the morphology with Ceram.X SphereTEC® One. Group II: the same protocol was applied, but using the dental microscope. Teeth were then evaluated before and after the finishing protocol by 5 dental professionals using a series of established criteria. The results were documented and statistically analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test.

Results. Statistically significant differences were found when using magnification, before the polishing protocol in “marginal adaptation integrity” and “excess material”, and after polishing in “marginal adaptation integrity”.

Conclusions. Magnification may be used to increase the quality of the final direct posterior restoration by improving the marginal adaptation integrity, reducing excess material, preventing marginal microleakage, and avoiding subsequent failure.
Kantian Moral Agency and the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Manna Riya , Nath Rajakishore
Published: October 2021

This paper discusses the philosophical issues pertaining to Kantian moral agency and artificial intelligence (AI). Here, our objective is to offer a comprehensive analysis of Kantian ethics to elucidate the non-feasibility of Kantian machines. Meanwhile, the possibility of Kantian machines seems to contend with the genuine human Kantian agency. We argue that in machine morality, ‘duty’ should be performed with ‘freedom of will’ and ‘happiness’ because Kant narrated the human tendency of evaluating our ‘natural necessity’ through ‘happiness’ as the end. Lastly, we argue that the Kantian ‘freedom of will’ and ‘faculty of choice’ do not belong to any deterministic model of ‘agency’ as these are sacrosanct systems. The conclusion narrates the non-feasibility of Kantian AI agents from the genuine Kantian ethical outset, offering a utility-based Kantian ethical performer instead.
An Alternative to Individualism: Relational Concept of Human in Confucian Role Ethics
Authors: Silius Vytis
Published: October 2021

The article proposes to see Confucian role ethics as a philosophical project that puts forward metaethical and metaphilosophical arguments regarding the nature of ethics and the concept of human beings, instead of concentrating on its interpretational work in explicating the nature of early Confucian ethics. Thus, a more fitting context for evaluating the core claims of role ethics is suggested, one that is comprised of different positions, coming from a wide range of philosophical and cultural backgrounds, as well as different disciplines, all of which criticize individualism or formulate a non-individualistic concept of person. Role ethics concept of person, as a totality of one’s lived roles and relations, is discussed by concentrating on the specificity of two key notions in this position, that is, “relation” and “role”. The article ends with a suggestion that the deeper and fuller investigation and exposition of normativity, as stemming from the specific and concrete role-relationships, is the most needed and promising direction of further development of role ethics.
Senųjų rašytinių šaltinių dažų ir rišiklių tyrimas
Authors:   , Čiuladienė Aušra
Published: October 2021

Investigation of paints and binding media of ancient written sources
Phase Shift Analysis for Alpha-alpha Elastic Scattering using Phase Function Method for Gaussian Local Potential
Authors: Khachi Anil , Sastri O.S.K.S. , Kumar Lalit , Sharma Aditi
Published: October 2021

The phase shifts for α- α scattering have been modeled using a two parameter Gaussian local potential. The time independent Schrodinger equation (TISE) has been solved iteratively using Monte-Carlo approach till the S and D bound states of the numerical solution match with the experimental binding energy data in a variational sense. The obtained potential with best fit parameters is taken as input for determining the phase-shifts for the S channel using the non-linear first order differential equation of the phase function method (PFM). It is numerically solved using 5th order Runge-Kutta (RK-5) technique. To determine the phase shifts for the ℓ=2 and 4 scattering state i.e. D and G-channel, the inversion potential parameters have been determined using variational Monte-Carlo (VMC) approach to minimize the realtive mean square error w.r.t. the experimental data.
Is Acute Solid Food Aversion a Proxy for COVID-19–Related Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction?
Authors: Tseng Farn-Hsuan , Yeh Sylvia H. , Basiago Kevin , Miyares Wendy , Zangwill Kenneth M.
Published: October 2021

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OGD) may be observed in adult and pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In young preverbal patients, the presence of OGD may go undetected. We describe 2 children <2 years of age with acute solid food aversion most likely as a manifestation of OGD immediately after COVID-19 infection, with slow to minimal improvement over 6 to 8 months in both children. A review of the literature on COVID-19–related OGD in children is presented, revealing <100 cases and none associated with documented food aversion. We believe the presence of acute food aversion in preverbal children, in the appropriate epidemiological and clinical context, should trigger testing for COVID-19 because it may be the first and only symptom of infection and for pediatricians to provide anticipatory guidance for parents after acute COVID-19 infection in young children.
Conservation education promotes positive short- and medium-term changes in perceptions and attitudes towards a threatened primate species
Authors: Bernárdez-Rodriguez Galicia Fernanda , Bowler Mark , Braga-Pereira Franciany , McNaughton Maxine , Mayor Pedro
Published: October 2021

Many wildlife conservation projects aim to change the perceptions of local communities through conservation education programs. However, few assess whether and how these programs effectively promote shifts in community perceptions and attitudes towards wildlife conservation. We designed an educational program focused on communicating to local inhabitants from a remote community in the Peruvian Amazon that their territories are considered globally important for the red uakari (Cacajao calvus), and inspire them to become protectors and defenders of this endangered species. We aimed to evaluate changes in perceptions and attitudes towards the red uakari monkey after a conservation education workshop. We found that positive attitudes and perceptions towards the red uakari (such as uakari hunting suspension and perception of uakari importance) increased immediately after and in the short-term (two years) following the workshop but diminished in the medium-term (three years). However, attitudes remained better than before the workshop. Our results indicate that conservation education programs are useful in encouraging positive attitudes towards wildlife conservation in the short term, but ongoing environmental education activities may be necessary to have lasting positive effects.
Crystallization and degradation behaviour of multiblock copolyester blends in Langmuir monolayers
Authors: Izraylit Victor , Liu Yue , Tarazona Natalia A. , Machatschek Rainhard , Lendlein Andreas
Published: October 2021

Supporting the wound healing of soft tissues requires fixation devices becoming more elastic while degrading. To address this unmet need, we designed a blend of degradable multiblock copolymers, which is cross-linked by PLA stereocomplexation combining two soft segments differing substantially in their hydrolytic degradation rate. The degradation path and concomitant structural changes are predicted by Langmuir monolayer technique. The fast hydrolysis of one soft segment leads to a decrease of the total polymer mass at constant physical cross-linking density. The corresponding increase of the average spacing between the network nodes suggests the targeted increase of the blend’s flexibility.

Graphic abstract
Emilio Audissino, John Williams’s Film Music: Jaws, Star Wars, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and the Return of the Classical Hollywood Music Style
Authors: Edgar Grace
Published: October 2021

Emilio Audissino, John Williams’s Film Music: Jaws, Star Wars, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and the Return of the Classical Hollywood Music StyleMadison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2014. [xxvi, 317pp. ISBN: 9780299297343. $124.00 (hardback)]. Illustrations, musical examples, scores, bibliography, index.
Cataloging Max Steiner
Authors: Lyon Jeff , Yorgason Brent
Published: October 2021

The Max Steiner corpus study is a long-term research project, drawing on the Max Steiner Collection at Brigham Young University, to catalog and analyze the music from all of Steiner’s film scores. This paper outlines the goals, processes, and potential future outcomes of this research. One of the main research goals of this project is to discover what kinds of melodies, harmonies, rhythms, and instruments Steiner used to represent different emotions and character types. Because of the amount of data needed to understand each of these elements thoroughly, this type of analysis can best be done through a corpus study. This data will be published as an interactive database that will allow the user to explore themes as they develop throughout a film as well as discover related themes in other film scores by Steiner. Transcriptions of themes will be displayed with Steiner’s annotations, film stills, and analytical data. This paper presents our findings to date and our plan to analyze, transcribe, and catalog the remaining films.
Nathan Platte, Making Music in Selznick’s Hollywood
Authors: Merkley Paul
Published: October 2021

Nathan Platte, Making Music in Selznick’s HollywoodNew York. Oxford University Press, 2017 [x, 398pp. ISBN: 9780199371112. £32.99 (hardback)]. Oxford Music/Media. Line art, halftones, bibliography, index.
Stratus 16 Sixteenth Setting of the Stratus Ocean Reference Station Cruise on Board RV Ronald H. Brown May 5 - 20, 2017 Rodman, Panama - Arica, Chile
Authors: Bigorre Sebastien P. , Weller Robert A. , Blomquist Byron , Pietro Benjamin , Hasbrouck Emerson , Pezoa Sergio
Published: October 2021

The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide ongoing climate-quality records of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually, with past cruises that have come between October and May. This cruise was conducted on the NOAA research vessel Ronald H. Brown. During the 2017 cruise on the Ronald H. Brown to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were the recovery of the previous (Stratus 15) WHOI surface mooring, deployment of the new Stratus 16 WHOI surface mooring, in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison with instrumentation installed on the ship, CTD casts near the moorings. Surface drifters and ARGO floats were also launched along the track.
Research of the endurance of epoxy composite materials under cyclic compression
Authors: Bondarev Boris , Komarov Pavel , Kosta Anton , Korneev Oleg , Bondarev Alexander , Korneeva Anastasia
Published: October 2021

The widespread use of polymer composite materials is largely constrained by the complexity of predicting the characteristics of their stress-strain state under cyclic types of loading. Due to the poor knowledge of the behavior of polymer composite materials under this kind of loading. At present, it is rather difficult to predict the durability of polymer composite materials under static types of loading, and the available methods for materials of a crystalline structure and polymers are not always applicable to them. Insufficient theoretical and experimental data on the assessment of the stress-strain state of polymer concretes under prolonged loading. Under long-term action of cyclic loads, changes in the structure of polymer composite materials occur due to local self-heating at the tops of growing submicrocracks and the associated change in the elastic-hesteretic properties of the material. In this case, the energy of fatigue manifests itself, when the simultaneous multifactorial cyclic action of natural and force stresses leads to an effect that exceeds the total action of certain types of stresses. And, if such processes have been sufficiently studied for wood, a natural polymer material, then for artificial conglomerates, such as polymer composites, these issues require careful study.
Studies of the endurance of epoxy polymer concretes were carried out on samples of prisms 100x100x400 mm according to the method developed by the authors. The formula was used to determine the minimum number of samples required to build endurance lines. The value of the cycle asymmetry coefficient was taken equal to 0.6. The value of the maximum cyclic loading was taken from 0.62 Rв with a gradual decrease.
The values of the endurance limit of an epoxy composite material under cyclic loading Rв,pul = 0.43 Rв or 93.72 MPa were obtained, which makes it possible to judge the sufficient durability of this material.
Difusão espaço-temporal da febre amarela silvestre em um estado do Sudeste do Brasil, 2017
Authors: Siqueira Priscila Carminati , Catão Rafael de Castro , Gava Caroline , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia , Prado Thiago Nascimento do
Published: October 2021

O objetivo foi analisar a difusão dos casos de febre amarela no tempo e no espaço, na epidemia de 2017, no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Estudo observacional ecológico, com análise espacial da difusão dos casos de febre amarela. Para o georreferenciamento das informações e a análise espacial, utilizou-se a malha digital do Estado do Espírito Santo, dividida em 78 municípios, por meio do software ArcGIS 10.3. Realizou-se uma análise de geoestatística utilizando a função krigagem ordinária. Nosso estudo mostrou uma incidência de 4,85/100 mil habitantes de febre amarela silvestre no Espírito Santo, no período de 2017, perfazendo uma letalidade de 29,74%. Os casos de febre amarela silvestre estão distribuídos em 34 municípios dos 78 que compõem o estado, representando 43% do território. A distribuição temporal dos casos de febre amarela registrados no presente estudo encontrava-se entre a 1ª e a 19ª Semana Epidemiológica (SE). Por meio da análise espacial de geoestatística por krigagem ordinária, foi possível demonstrar a difusão espacial por contágio da doença amarílica entre os municípios no Estado do Espírito Santo, com uma continuidade espacial. A doença surgiu no estado na SE 1 pelos municípios que realizam divisa com o Estado de Minas Gerais. O geoprocessamento demonstrou que a doença amarílica chegou ao Espírito Santo pelos municípios vizinhos ao Estado de Minas Gerais, seguindo em direção leste do estado, atingindo o litoral. Apresentou uma maior concentração de casos e tempo de permanência nas regiões Central e Metropolitana, que possuem áreas de Mata Atlântica, mostrando um padrão de continuidade da difusão por contágio.
Modelo de Kirkwood-Fröhlich para fluidos polares puros
Authors: Peixoto Paulo , Barros Adonias , Oliveira Mario Henrique
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo, guiamos o leitor ou a leitora à obtenção da equação de Kirkwood-Fröhlich para fluidos polares puros. Tal equação relaciona a constante dielétrica do fluido, seu índice de refração, sua densidade, sua temperatura e o momento de dipolo permanente de suas moléculas constituintes, e envolve ainda um fator adimensional g – conhecido como fator de correlação de Kirkwood – cujo valor é uma expressão da correlação entre as orientações das moléculas do fluido, na situação de campo elétrico externo nulo.
Birthing, corporality and care among the Guarani-Mbyá of southern Brazil
Authors: Prates Maria Paula
Published: October 2021

Abstract In this paper I draw attention to the happening of childbirth among the Guarani-Mbyá women. I highlight the centrality of a care language in the act of birth and of being born supported by the production of human bodies and kin. From Yva deliveries’ stories I explore the connection between silences, bodies and human and non-human socialities by interweaving it with native modes of care and a critical analysis of the medicalization of birth derived from the relationship with the “Juruá (“white”) system”. I emphasize a non-reductive understanding of life and health in the translation of epistelomogies of care between indigenous and biomedical sociocosmologies. The data presented are results from a long-term ethnographic research carried out among guarani-mbyá collectives of the southern Brazil.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment: A Novel Method of Diabetes Mellitus Therapy: A Basic Study
Authors: Rezaeinezhad Alireza , Mahdavi-Gharavi Marjan , Talebi-Khoshmehr Mohammad , Mirmiranpour Hossein , Ghomi Hamid
Published: October 2021

We investigate the effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) therapy on diabetes in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. In all, 30 male Wistar rats were distributed into three experimental groups: healthy, diabetic, and diabetic receiving plasma treatment. The two diabetic groups were injected with STZ to induce diabetes. Plasma treatment was performed by exposure of rats to argon plasma jet for 600 s twice a week, for 4 weeks. The results showed that the cold plasma course of therapy greatly downregulated the oxidative stress and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the results revealed that the glucose level of the diabetic rats decreased significantly after treatments in comparison to the diabetic control groups. Also, a decrease in advanced glycation end-product (AGE) content was achieved after therapy. The results of the study showed that cold plasma has a therapeutic effect on diabetic rats and can be considered as a noninvasive method for therapy of diabetes.
Editorial
Authors: Cárdenas Ramos Zoraida , Soto Higuera Abel Isidoro
Published: October 2021

En el contexto de la pandemia mundial del Covid-19, el año 2020 marca una serie de implicaciones sociales, económicas y políticas que interrogan las formas de configuración de la vida cotidiana en las familias. El confinamiento y el distanciamiento social han derivado en el entrecruzamiento de actividades laborales, escolares y de cuidado en el espacio doméstico, lo que requiere una problematización y comprensión de las respectivas demandas que se hacen a cada integrante de la familia.
Reflexiones sobre los cambios en las relaciones de género en las familias y paternidad en México
Authors: Salguero-Velázquez María Alejandra
Published: October 2021

Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es reflexionar sobre los cambios en las relaciones de género en las familias y paternidades en México. Metodología. Metodológicamente se consultó información documental entre 1987 a 2020. Se incorporan textos clásicos que permitan situar los cambios en los significados en torno a la infancia y la relación de los padres con los hijos, ya que no siempre se consideró prioritaria la relación, cuidado y atención como lo es hoy día. Resultados. Los resultados muestran cómo las transformaciones culturales a partir de los compromisos en las conferencias internacionales de Población y Desarrollo, y mundiales sobre la mujer, Ciudad de México (1975) y Beijing (1995), incorporan acciones para involucrar a los hombres en la igualdad de género y la paternidad. Conclusión. La conclusión plantea cómo la involucración en las familias les lleva a conciliar la participación en diversos ámbitos, construyendo identidades complejas como hombres/parejas/padres/trabajadores
The implications of Truworths Limited v Minister of Trade and Industry 2018 (3) SA 558 (WCC) for access to credit by historically disadvantaged and low-income consumers
Authors: Mhaka Tinashe Wazvare , Osode Patrick C.
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT The problem of safe and affordable credit for low-income consumers has remained a conundrum for policy makers. More pointedly, sustainable participation of historically disadvantaged and low-income consumers in the mainstream credit market has proved to be problematic in South Africa. Despite the introduction of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 ("NCA") numerous South Africans are still trapped in debt. To alleviate this problem the NCA was amended by the National Credit Amendment Act 19 of 2014 ("NCAA") to promote responsible lending and borrowing. Nonetheless, certain regulations that were promulgated under the NCAA were challenged in Truworths v Minister of Trade and Industry 2018 (3) 558 (WCC) ("Truworths") on the basis that they discriminated against the informally employed and financially excluded since they require consumers to provide bank statements, pay slips or financial statements as proof of income. This article presents a reflective appraisal of Truworths in the light of its support for access to credit by those on the peripheries of South Africa's credit market. Although the authors applaud the decision in Truworths as having the potential to open up the credit market to the financially excluded, they also raise concerns about whether striking down regulations that encourage consumers to open bank accounts is the optimal approach to promoting financial inclusion in South Africa. Keywords: National Credit Act; Financial inclusion; Over-indebtedness; Historically disadvantaged individuals; Low-income consumers; Affordability assessment regulations; Reckless lending
Democracy and (the essential content of) fundamental rights: marching in line or precarious balancing act?
Authors: Schaks Nils
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT This article addresses the question of how democracy and fundamental rights interplay, and compares German and South African law for this purpose. The author argues that democracy requires and presupposes fundamental rights, but that these two values do not always align, and then deals with the question of how to reconcile democracy and fundamental rights in case of conflict. The potential conflict between the two values is sometimes reflected in the relationship between Parliaments as the embodiment of democracy and the Constitutional Courts as the embodiments of fundamental rights (the so- called "counter-majoritarian dilemma"). However, the author rejects the recent critique by some scholars that the German Federal Constitutional Court structurally exceeds its powers vis-a-vis the German Parliament and that there is a permanent judicial overreach. On the contrary, the author argues that Constitutional Courts do not have sufficient tools to counter a democratic backsliding, i.e. the incremental erosion of democracy. Since the author considers democratic backsliding to be a greater and more acute threat to democracy than judicial overreach, he presents the view that the guarantee of the essential content of a right delineates the minimum of a fundamental right in a democratic society. This view is explained using freedom of expression as example. Keywords: German Constitution, Grundgesetz, Constitutional comparison, Essential content of a right, Freedom of expression, Separation of powers, Democratic backsliding, Counter-majoritarian dilemma, Constitutional courts, Democracy, Fundamental rights, Preconditions of democracy
A fourth transformation of democracy? Liquid democracy, supra-national democracy and the fate of participation
Authors: Dingeldey Philip
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Liquid democracy is defined as a cyber democracy that combines representative democracy and spontaneous direct democracy by using technologies of the web 2.0. In recent years, some political theorists and actors have been optimistic that liquid democracy could make a more participatory and direct democracy possible to fulfil the democratic promise of freedom and equality of the people. One could even ask if a supra-national system could become a democratic option by using digital technologies for discussions and deciding. After the historical transformations of democracy, from the Greek city state via the nation-state to a global or supra-national unit, and the second and third ones came or come with a loss of participation, there could be, according to net-optimists, a fourth and more participatory transformation of democracy. This article doubts the emancipatory and participatory potential of liquid democracy (especially for a supra-national system), and I choose the classical theoretical perspective of democracy's ancient core elements of free and equal participation. By analysing the arguments of net-optimists the problems for participation in a political sphere are shown. The point the paper wants to make is that under the circumstances of a (digital) oligopoly-capitalism, fragmentation, and digital divide, or in short, the omnipresent influence of big social inequalities, a cyber-democracy is an unlikely ideal. Keywords: Civic participation, ICT, Global democracy, Liquid democracy, Republicanism transformation
A human rights based approach to fighting corruption in Uganda and South Africa: shared perspectives and comparative lessons
Authors: Mubangizi John C
Published: October 2021

This article focuses on corruption in Uganda and South Africa. It begins with a brief analysis of the effects of corruption on the two countries before looking comparatively at their anti-corruption legal frameworks by analysing the relevant constitutional and legislative anti-corruption provisions. The choice of Uganda and South Africa for comparison is based on several factors. The two countries have much in common. They are both transitional societies with disturbing histories characterised by apartheid, oppression and repression in South Africa , and colonialism and military dictatorships in Uganda. In the mid-1990s, the two countries adopted new constitutions that contained Bills of Rights. Such similarities justify comparison for purposes of shared perspectives, approaches and good practices. Moreover, there are many benefits to be gained from comparative research involving cross-national studies - including a deeper understanding of how different countries do things in the context of differing political, cultural and socio-economic circumstances. The choice of the two countries is also based on the research interests of the author who, besides comparing Ugandan and South African ant-corruption approaches, also calls for a human rights based approach that empowers ordinary people to demand transparency, accountability and responsibility from elected representatives and public officials.
Are courts going out of their way to accommodate RACISTS? A critique of South African Revenue Service v Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration and Others
Authors: Nkosi Thulani , Mahlako Neo
Published: October 2021

The article critically examines the way in which the Constitutional Court dealt with the issue of racism in South African Revenue Service v Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration and others 2017 (1) SA 549 (CC). Invoking general legal principles blended with critical race theory, we show that the apex court erred in finding that an employee who had racially abused his superior by referring to him as a kaffir needed to be compensated for a dismissal that arose from such racial abuse. We show that even with a finding that the dismissal was procedurally unfair, existing legal principles, racial justice and social transformation imperatives negated the court making a finding that compensation was due to the employee. The racism involved was so vile and brazen that a compensation award was not only inappropriate in the circumstances but had the consequence of sending a wrong message to the general public, black people in particular, that the law and the courts are still tolerant of racists and racism. Ordinary black people are likely to read the judgment as the law rewarding racists for being racist. The article calls upon the courts to take racism and the racial oppression of black people seriously by acting firmly against those found guilty of racial abuse.
The High Court of Malawi as a constitutional court: constitutional adjudication the Malawian way
Authors: Nkhata Mwiza Jo
Published: October 2021

Constitutional adjudication in Malawi only became commonplace after the adoption of a new Constitution in 1994. Like many Anglophone countries, Malawi follows the decentralised model of constitutional adjudication. Under this arrangement, the High Court has unlimited original jurisdiction to hear any civil or criminal matters, including constitutional matters. The Courts Act, however, requires the High Court to sit with an enhanced quorum when it is seized of cases that substantively relate to, or concern the interpretation and application of the Constitution. It is when the High Court sits with a reconfigured quorum that it is popularly referred to as the "constitutional court" (the Court). This article analyses constitutional adjudication in Malawi by focusing on the operation of the Court. Specifically, it analyses the scope of the Court's jurisdiction, the type of constitutional review that it conducts, the regulation of access to the Court, the forms of decisions and remedies that it grants, and the Court's independence.
eThekwini's discriminatory bylaws: criminalising homelessness
Authors: Holness Willene
Published: October 2021

The eThekwini Municipality's Nuisances and Behaviour in PubIic PIaces By-Laws of 2015, and the Beaches By-Laws of 2015, seek to reguIate and prohibit some of the Iife-sustaining activities of homeIess persons in the city through petty offences. The articIe considers whether these measures indirectIy discriminate against homeIess persons, disproportionateIy impact on them, are contrary to the ruIe of Iaw, and are an irrationaI extension of IocaI government powers to deveIop and maintain Iaw and order within municipaI boundaries. Marius Pieterse's concept of the "right to the city" is relied on to explain why immediate impIementation of an adequate and sustainabIe poIicy and pIan that will give teeth to the local government's developmental mandate for the homeless, is needed. Lessons learned from advocacy and litigation by other marginalised groups, such as, sex workers and informal traders, are outlined. A short review of recent developments, including litigation, advocacy and local government approaches to homelessness in South Africa, including during the COVID-19 era, is provided. The repeal of the by-laws that effectively criminalise poverty and homelessness is called for.
Normative intersectionality in married women's property rights in southern Nigeria
Authors: Diala Anthony C , Diala Jane C
Published: October 2021

The fate of marriage gifts during a customary law divorce is significant for the interaction of legal orders in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in the context of scholars' fixation with conflict of laws. In analysing this fatet, this article introduces normative intersectionality as a theoretical framework for a nuanced understanding of how laws and socio-economic forces interact in post-colonial settings. Normative intersectionality rejects a legal positivist view of rights, which neglects people's adaptation of indigenous norms to socioeconomic changes. In this sense, normative intersectionality is useful for addressing the traditional Igbo law of matrimonial property, which regards a married woman's property rights as subsumed in her husband's rights. Using the division of marriage gifts in Southern Nigeria as a case study, the article draws attention to how legal orders speak to, rather than against, each other, and in so doing, stresses the adaptive character of indigenous laws. It argues that normative intersectionality illumines the interplay of gender equality, property rights and legal pluralism. Accordingly, it urges judges to use the imitative nature of legal pluralism in post-colonial settings to remedy entrenched systems of injustice and inequality, which often hide under the banner of tradition.
An analysis of the duty to reasonably accommodate disabled employees: a comment on Jansen v Legal Aid South Africa
Authors: Gresse Estie , Mbao Melvin Lm
Published: October 2021

Persons with disabilities are a historically marginalised minority, who have the capacity to make a valuable contribution in the workplace. Recent case law suggests that the duty to reasonably accommodate disabled employees remains a conundrum for employers in South Africa. In Jansen v Legal Aid South Africa (C678/14) [2018] ZALCCT 17 (16 May 2018) the Labour Appeal Court had an opportunity to make a definitive pronouncement on the meaning and reach of the employer's duty to reasonably accommodate a disabled employee. Even though the duty to reasonably accommodate disabled employees is set out in our legislative and policy frameworks, there is a need to have a more detailed framework. The Constitutional Court is yet to hear a case on the duty of employers to provide reasonable accommodation to employees with disabilities, and until we have such a precedent, more and more employees with disabilities will continue to suffer at the hands of their employers. Both the Code of Good Practice, as well as the Technical Assistance Guidelines , published by the Department of Labour, have gone "relatively unnoticed and unread" in the workplace. This article argues that employers should follow a broad interpretation of the guidelines contained in the Code, as well as in the Technical Assistance Guidelines. Employers need to undertake proper investigations, with the assistance of experts if needs be, to investigate an employee's incapacity.
Sustainable development and international economic law in Africa
Authors: Khumalo Thabo Fiona
Published: October 2021

Sustainable development has been advocated by the developed world as a means to ensure that the most widely beneficial type of development occurs. This has resulted in a body of rules, which though well intended, does not adequately address the developmental needs of developing countries. It has become a source of tension between developing and developed countries. Developing countries fear that it can be used to frustrate their prospects of development. Hence the adoption of sustainable development provisions by African countries has largely been controversial. This article explores the concept of sustainable development and its level of acceptance in international economic law instruments involving African countries. This article argues that African countries should adopt a more intentional position with regards to sustainable development to ensure that each agreement creates an opportunity for economic transformation and sustainability.