bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing PPPS as an Alternative to Entering BOP Markets: Benefits, Challenges, and Success Factors
Authors: Primus Dirk , Robinson-Howe Justin , Tasca Nicholas
Published: January 2021

This paper examines public-private-partnerships (PPPs) as viable modes of entry into Bottom-of-the-pyramid (BOP) regions. BOP regions present attractive growth targets with untapped purchase power, however, recent case evidence and BOP research suggests that challenges associated with BOP regions present significant challenges for companies entering BOP regions with business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) strategies. In this paper, we concur with existing work by Vinogradov et al. (2014), which argues for PPPs as alternative modes of entry that generate mutual benefits for the regional government and the entrant. However, there is no conceptual framework that guides research and informs practitioners in this important area. To address this deficit, we examine extant PPP literature and case evidence to identify benefits, challenges, and the key factors that contribute to a successful bidding and execution process in a PPP. Finally, our work provides a discussion of how the key success factors can be implemented.
Changing Planes in Managing Human Resources in High Performing Indian Banking Organizations: Attract, Retain, and Motivate
Authors: Bhatt Prachi
Published: January 2021

Sensitive to change, human resource (HR) function plays a crucial role in dealing with globally competitive marketplace. Banking sector in a developing country like India is no different. There is an urgent need to revolutionize HR practices in Indian banking. This paper, as part of a larger research, studies high performing banking organizations in India and proposes a changing pattern of HR for the Indian banking organizations through the attract, retain, and motivate (ARM) framework. Further, the paper examines through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) whether and to what extent the changing pattern in HR practices in case of public and private sector banks supports the proposed conceptual framework. Thus, the paper presents empirical evidences (412 employee respondents) for the changing pattern of HR practices. The paper exhibits differences in the extent to which HR practices are changing in the public and private sector banks. Decisions to improve the HR priorities and practices can lay foundations for high- performing organizations. The paper examines an important issue for managerial decision-making in identifying the right blend of ARM to become high performing banking organization
Earnings Management and Financial Crisis: Evidence from India
Authors: Kumar Manish , Vij Madhu
Published: January 2021

This paper attempts to examine the earnings management behavior of Indian firms during the global financial crisis in 2008 and compare with the period before and after. It uses the financial data of S&P CNX 500 companies for the period of 2007-2012. GICS, the best industry classification system among competing alternatives, has been used for computing discretionary accruals (DA). The study finds a high level of earnings management in firms during the pre-crisis period, a significant decrease during the crisis period, and an increase again in the post-crisis period. The study further examines the earnings management behavior isolating the firms into two categories – firms with positive DA and firms with negative DA. We found that earnings management in both these categories of firms decreased during the crisis period and increased in the post-crisis period for firms with negative DA. However, for firms with positive DA, our results are inconclusive.
The Role of Non-Market Factors in International Trade: A Case of Southern Africa
Authors: Grachev Mikhail , Bobina Mariya
Published: January 2021

This study examines the impacts of non-market factors on international trade in four regionally clustered African countries (Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe). It applies the concept of cross-national distance from international business and incorporates statistical and empirically generated data into the augmented gravity models of international trade to predict the impact of those non-market factors. The study reveals negative effects of geographic distance and positive or mixed cultural distance effects in these countries’ foreign trade flows. This paper also suggests useful implications to business scholars and practitioners.
Enterprising SEZ Enclaves and Economic Development in India
Authors: Parwez Sazzad
Published: January 2021

This paper is based on the premises of economic development through the creation of economic enclaves across the region-seeking industrialization in the context of India. The study suggests that Special Economic Zones policy has attracted a considerable amount of export-oriented investment and production, employment creation, and technical know-how. However, the policy has not met the desired results considering the objective of economic development. Assessment leads to understanding that competitiveness of domestic firms and linkages with foreign affiliates can be strengthened by the adoption of institutional re-structuring to create the conducive environment for further industrialization. It may lead to related spillovers to have positive impacts on the overall economy.
How Firm's Profitability is Analyzed in Relationship Marketing
Authors: Echchakoui Said , Ghilal Rachid
Published: January 2021

While relationship marketing is viewed as an important driver in the development of the firm’s profitability, the condition of this profitability seldom receives much attention. In this study, we employ a dynamic exchange model between firm and customer to explore the conditions affecting the firm’s profitability from a relationship perspective. The application of this model reveals explicitly that relationship marketing is not always profitable. The firm-customer relationship profitability depends on the customer life value (margin and retention rate), the duration of the firm-customer relationship, and the marketing budget to retain the customer and the customer acquisition cost.
Bayesian and EVT Value-At-Risk Estimates of India's Non-Financial Firms
Authors: Sinha Pankaj , Agnihotri Shalini
Published: January 2021

The Companies Act 2013 has made it mandatory for firm’s Board of Directors Report to include a statement indicating elements of risk faced by companies. In the IMF report of March 2015, it is mentioned that India’s non-financial company’s external commercial borrowings rose by 107% between March 2010 to March 2014. The stress test based on exchange rate and profits demonstrated continuing high vulnerabilities of the firms. Looking at both the important factors, the current study estimates the Value-at-Risk (VaR) of 106 non-financial Indian firms. It is well a documented fact that return series is nonnormal, therefore taking bivariate distribution of return and foreign exchange rate. VaR is calculated using the extreme value theory method and Bayesian method. The results suggest that Bayesian method provides the best VaR estimates
Examining the Effectiveness of the Make In India Initiative in Fostering Innovation in Business
Authors: Pandita Alka , Gupta Savita , Kiran Ravi
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research study is to understand how successful this Make in India initiative (MII) is after three years of its launch. The present paper is based on an exploratory study that has been carried out by collecting primary data to measure the viewpoint of the public. This helps the understanding of whether people consider MII as a long-term effort, therefore, to enable India emerge as a manufacturing hub. A structured equation modelling – partial least squares (SEM-PLS) model is developed related to the ease of doing business, impact of MII, policies undertaken, and performance outcomes under the MII project. The results of the study showed the parameters like impact of MII, ethical issues, and ease of doing business are related to outcomes of the project. This research study helps gain an insight into the environment in which business operates, understand what these factors represent and how these are accepted by the people in general.
Analysis of the Effects of Security Breaches on Firm Value
Authors: Ivanov Stoyu
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine, on intradaily market microstructure basis, fifteen recent occurrences of corporate security breaches to extend our understanding of market efficiency. We document minor average price responses to announcements of a security breach in the firms??target of an attack, contrary to many other corporate announcement studies, which document immediate price reaction to an announcement. Surprisingly, we find that the matching firms in our study have a stronger market microstructure response to the announcement of the attack instead. This study suggests to high-frequency investors, such as hedge funds, that they should focus their attention and scarce resources on developing trading strategies on other corporate events and announcements rather than on the announcement of security breaches.
Creating Competitive Advantage by Going Abroad: A Case Study of Tata Steel
Authors: Kim TaeGyeom
Published: January 2021

Through different types of mergers and acquisitions, what started off as a motive for Tata Steel to increase their market expansion had led to diversifying their investments, gaining experiences and new knowledge sets through market and technology learning about different business environments. While the existing studies most simply look at fragmented cases of what advantages Tata Steel had in comparison with other steel firms to go abroad, this paper demonstrates that Tata Steel’s competitive advantages were not innate, but rather created through continuous learning, collaboration, and outward investments based on the Imbalance Theory. Thus, hadn’t been Tata Steel’s motive to learn market and technology in different business settings after market expansion, it would have not become the top global steel player today.
The Contagion Effects of European Union Macroeconomic Instability in Emerging Markets: Evidence from India
Authors: Swamy Vighneswara
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the European Union (EU) macroeconomic instability and its contagion effects on emerging market economies. Given the large economic weight of the EU in the world, the contagion of the crisis and its potentially devastating effects are necessitating a renewed attention from the researchers and international financial institutions in analyzing the nature and implications of sovereign debt on the political economy of developing and emerging economies in general, particularly India. Though the crisis is epicentered in the EU, its knock-on effects are felt all across the globe. The emerging and developing economies (EDEs) have posted lower growth on account of the worsening external environment and a weakening internal demand during the period of the Eurozone debt crisis. While presenting the contemporary literature on the topic, this paper analyses the causes of the sovereign debt crisis presents implications for sovereign debt crises and draws lessons particularly for emerging markets such as India.
Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies: Is There an Entrepreneurial Characteristic Similarity to Western Entrepreneur?
Authors: Bradley Thomas , Eberle Paul
Published: January 2021

This empirical study consists of two parts. The first part of the study examines the cultural characteristics and dimensions of entrepreneurs and factory workers in transition economies during the early transition period to determine if their cultural values were similar to those found in other nations. The second part of the study compares the differences in Hofstede’s cultural dimension scores between entrepreneurs and workers in market economies. It might seem extraordinary that after more than 70 years of a centralized nonentrepreneurial society that all of the communist nations that the current authors studied had essentially the same cultural differences among entrepreneurs that were found in capitalist nations with a long history of entrepreneurial activity.
Industry Cluster Based Development: A Paradigm with Partial Understanding, The Case of India
Authors: Bhawsar Pragya , Gosavi Nachiket
Published: January 2021

City-based industry clusters represent the nodes of economic productions as well as lays the ground for policy experimentation. The popularity of clusters as a concept is attributed to the positive effects of contiguity it offers to all the constituting firms. Despite this notable fact, in India, citybased industrial clusters have failed to achieve attention for policy per se. By and large, the policy thinking has primarily remained focused either to the industry classification or to the geographical state boundaries or by the nature/size of the firms. This article organizes the discussion in the context of the key theme of cluster-based schemes and policy implementation in India. In order to ascertain the doctrine of a distinct policy aimed at clusters, Kendall’s Tau test was conducted on a sample of 126 firms belonging to four industry clusters. The result of the study suggests that in India, there exists sufficient scope for local city-based industry cluster policy. The article concludes by suggesting a few recommendations.
Integrating Strategy and Culture: The Culture of Dedication in Samsung Electronics and Apple Inc.
Authors: Kim Pulum
Published: January 2021

This study addresses the benefits and shortcomings of the organizational culture models employing organizational effectiveness and competitive advantage theories. Following the critical analysis of preceding literature, this study discusses the benefits of an integrative approach as demonstrated by the ABCD model for conceptualizing organizational culture for practitioners to proactively manage culture for enhanced firm performance. Also, by focusing on the sequential dynamics of ABCD model which denotes dedication as the originating point, this paper explores how the findings from organizational behavior can be integrated with the ABCD model to create a competitive corporate culture. For this purpose, Samsung Electronics and Apple Inc.’s leadership and human resource policies are and initial conditions that facilitate the creation of competitive culture are introduced through a qualitative case study approach.
An Empirical Analysis of Determinants of Dividend Policy of Indian Real Estate Sector
Authors: Sharma Rakesh
Published: January 2021

This paper studies the determinants of dividend policy by analyzing the 125 real estate companies in India. To find out what determines dividend policy, ten firm-level explanatory variables are selected and regressed against the dividend policy measure dividend payout ratio. This study employs three measures of panel data analysis to discover the important determinants of the dividend payout ratio. Empirical findings indicate that firm risk as measured through price-earnings ratio (P/E Ratio), previous dividend, investment opportunities, and profitability have positive associated with a dividend payout ratio of selected real estate firms. On the other hand, the size of the firm, leverage, and liquidity significantly affect dividend payout ratios, and these variables have a negative relationship with a dividend payout ratio of the selected real estate firms. The present study shall be useful to different stakeholders of real estate companies.
The Impact of Corruption and Institutional Restrictiveness on Entry Strategy: Evidence from Telecommunication Projects in Developing Countriese
Authors: Amirkhany Arash , Seifzadeh Pouya , Kiani Isar
Published: January 2021

This research investigates effects of host country corruption and formal and informal institutional restrictiveness on the entry strategies of foreign multinational enterprises. Using data of over 400 telecommunication projects in developing markets between 2005 and 2011, we find that both formal and informal restrictiveness encourage the MNE to enter using an equity-mode with balanced ownership rather than a wholly owned subsidiary or a partnership with large differential in ownership. However, informal restrictiveness is a stronger force than the formal restrictiveness. We theorize and find a triple interaction effect which shows that this effect is stronger at lower levels than higher levels of informal restrictiveness.
A New Perspective on China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment: The Hypothesis of Super-Ownership Advantage
Authors: Zheng Feihu , Yin Wenyan , Niu Zhiwei
Published: January 2021

-ownership mainstream FDI theories, extended theories proposed by East Asian scholars, and new institutional economics. We argue that under an uncertain environment, when firwithin their capabilities, OFDI based on static and dynamic advantages and country-specific advantages will be effective. On the other hand, when firms in their capabilities, they will pursue OFDI based on a hybrid governance mode, which includes implications for explaining OFDI by Chinese firms and the strategic guidelines for the synergistic interaction between business and government.
Impact of Export Promotion Programs on Export Performance: Review of Indian Classical Literature with Special Reference to Economic Reforms
Authors: Arora Rashmi , Joshi Rakesh
Published: January 2021

In Indian context, contours of exports promotion as a result of eventual liberalisation of trade policies during the pre and post economic reforms have been captured by several eminent scholars at the macro as well as micro level. However, exclusive studies pertaining to impact of export To develop the understanding about the same, existing literature relating to impact of government promotional measures on export performance has been extensively reviewed in three broad categories. Based on the findings of research work, a structuralized summary and gaps in literature are identified to set the agenda for the future research and conceptual framework in the said area.
Are Vietnamese Businesses Ready for a Crisis? An Analysis of Crisis Readiness among Vietnamese Businesses
Authors: Harcar Talha , Spillan John
Published: January 2021

Crisis management is a management function that tries to mitigate the impact of crisis events when they occur in a business or organization. Since crises are inevitable, it is important that businesses and organizations have crisis management plans ready for the eventuality of a crisis. Little has been written about crisis in emerging nations. As such, this exploratory study investigates the perceptions and experiences of Vietnamese managers regarding crisis preparedness. The results indicate that a majority of the organizations do not have formal crisis management plans. The results of this study suggest that crisis planning at both the organizational and individual level are needed among Vietnamese businesses.
Work-Life Balance of Women in Higher Education Sector: An Assessment of Their Organizational Support
Authors: Ahmad Mufeed , Wani Ambreen
Published: January 2021

Despite the vast research on human resources, little is known about the perspective of perceived organizational support in helping women faculty in professional education to strike the desirable balance between their work and non-work activities. This paper studies the role of Organizational Support in relation to Work-Life Balance of working women. India in general and Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) in particular, shows paucity of research conducted in this area. Therefore, this paper empirically examines the influence of these three dimensions on the Work-Life Balance of women faculty at college and university level in Kashmir. The results of the study indicated that all the factors were significantly related to a woman’s Work-Life Balance. This means that modern organizations should frame robust organizational policies aimed at supporting and enhancing career development of women professionals at work.
Analyzing the Reasons for the Global Popularity of BTS: A New Approach from a Business Perspective
Authors: Parc Jimmyn , Kim Yeogeun
Published: January 2021

This paper analyzes the reasons for the global popularity of the Korean boy band BTS that has been at the center of the growing popularity of Korean pop music or K-pop. To address this issue more comprehensively, this paper utilizes a framework derived from a business approach which has been so far little attempted. In contrast from existing studies that focus on fandom and its activities, this paper argues that instead of egocentric strategies, sophisticated consumer-oriented strategies by utilizing internationalization and digitization are the key to its global popularity, which have helped BTS and their managing company Big Hit Entertainment to overcome all the disadvantages they faced before while reinforcing exiting advantages and creating new ones. By doing so, BTS has gained their global success and become Korea’s top boy band.
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Diesel: A Boon or Bane in the Indian Context
Authors: Shinghal Ajay , Paliwal Vibhor , Nagar Harish
Published: January 2021

The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on the global economy and has brought a considerable part of the industry, worldwide, to a standstill. Long unprecedented lockdowns worldwide, to control the spread of corona virus, have affected many individuals and businesses which led to a fall in consumption of commodities to a level never seen before. Shutdown of travel and commercial activities during the lockdowns resulted in reduction of oil import and diesel consumption in India. The reduced consumption of commodities has, in turn, affected the government’s tax revenue. Despite the biggest drop in crude oil price in global market since 1991, the retail price of diesel in India has touched a new high-level record. It was because, in order to overcome the debilitating effects on both the central and state finances, the Indian government has doubled the taxes on diesel. Across the world, diesel is commonly used by various sectors as a means of transporting and electricity generating fuel. It is essentially a price-determining commodity. Therefore, any change in its price may affect the economy to the micro-level, including nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study aims to assess the significant effects of the pandemic situation of Covid-19 on diesel in the Indian context.
A New Approach to the Cause and Progress of Financial Crisis for the Management of a Firm and the Nation
Authors: Choe Yongshik , Kim Hyun-jung
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we try to reveal the principles that cause the processing stages of economic crisis as follows. First, most of economic crises are caused by a financial crisis because financial variables have the biggest variation in the economy as the principles of credit creation and credit destruction work altogether. Second, most of financial crises go through three stages of manias, panics, and crashes as Kindleberger clarified. Third, manias are caused by the time-shift of demand from the future which increases further the current demand and raises the prices of real estate and stocks. Fourth, panics are caused by the hollowing-out of demand which is caused eventually by the demand time-shift, with bubbles broken. Fifth, crashes are caused by the principle of credit destruction which decreases the money amount by the credit multiplier, resulting in a financial crisis. When this principle of financial crisis is understood well, it would be possible to foresee the development of the financial crisis and to prevent some damages such as a bankruptcy due to a sudden lack of liquidity. Then the crisis management would be performed better than before. This paper would contribute to a successful business management and to the evolution of economics.
The Impact of Current Account Deficit on Economic Growth: An ARDL Approach
Authors: Reddy Tamma , Ramaiah T. Sita
Published: January 2021

In this study, we examine the linkages between External debt, Exchange rate, Current account deficit, and GDP at Factor cost for India over the period of 1975-76 to 2018- 19 using the Unit root test and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results of the unit root test reveal that GDP growth rate and External debt are integrated at the level I(0); while the Current Account deficit and Exchange rate are integrated at first order I(1). The results of the ARDL technique reveal that the current account deficit has a positive and significant impact on Real GDP. It clearly reflects the role of imports in accelerating the growth of a developing economy like India. There is also evidence that the external debt has a positive and significant impact on the Current account deficit while the Exchange rate does not have an impact on the Current account deficit. The authors opine that the external debt assists in a gradual reduction in the current account deficit and contributes to economic growth by narrowing down the saving-investment gap. As the demand for Indian exports is inelastic in the global market, the country has not benefitted from the depreciation of its currency. The authors stressed the need for focusing on further diversification of its export markets, creating a conducive environment for attracting longer-term FDIs, liberalization, promoting commercial services exports, and achieving exchange rate stability in the context of the USA-China trade war and stagnation in the world output growth. Huge untapped potential for IT-enabled services should be exploited to promote service trade. The authors point out the current account deficit in the range of 2-3 percent of GDP can be manageable.
The Effectiveness Of Micro-Credit (Hijrah) Selangor in Widening The Middle-Income Earners
Authors: Husin Nor Azilah , Noor Ahmad Fuad , Ahmad Shamli Nini Shazrina , Aziz Azrimaraihan , Muhammad Nor Mudirah
Published: January 2021

This study examines on how participants’ education, economy and satisfaction contribute to the effectiveness of microcredit scheme known as Hijrah Selangor in widening the middleincome earners group in Selangor. To examine this, a cluster sampling consisting of 210 respondents, who reside and operate their businesses in three different zones, were given a set of questionnaires to gather the information. Several different statistical analyses are conducted with the main analysis being a multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that all studied variables; education, economy, and satisfaction have a positive relationship with the effectiveness of Hijrah Selangor. Economy has the most significant relationship and the highest effect on the effectiveness of Hijrah Selangor. The increase in monthly household income of the participants before and after joining the program is found to justify the objective of Hijrah Selangor in widening the middle-income earners group as shown in the demographic data where the monthly household income above RM10,000 has increased significantly from 2% to 60% after joining the program. This research proves that microcredit scheme of Hijrah Selangor is effective in widening the middle-income earners in Selangor and that Hijrah Selangor should be given a top priority in the State Government’s agenda to promote and improve the socio-economic growth in Selangor.
Zakat As Means Of Social Welfare: Exploring A Recent Fatwa From The Moroccan ‘Ulama’ On The Permissibility Of Paying Zakat In Advance To Help The Poor Of The Covid-19
Authors: Ezziti Badre-Eddine
Published: January 2021

The Coronavirus  has  contributed  effectively  to  the  rise  of  religious fatawa in  all  aspects  of life,  especially  related  to  solidarity.  One  of  the  issues  related  to  Coronavirus  is  the permissibility  of  paying  zakat  in  advance  to  the  due  date  to  assist  those  affected  by  the pandemic.  In this context, the religious Moroccan ulama issued a fatawa allowing a man to pay  one  or  two  years  of  zakat  in  advance  to  the  due  date. As a result, there have  been numerous discussions around the issuing of this fatawa and other issues such as the role of ulama within Moroccan society during the epidemiological conditions, and re-establishing a formal  zakat  system. The  objective  of  this  article  is  to  shed  light  on this  recent fatawa to explore  the  causes  and  circumstances  of  this  legitimate fatawa.  It also aims  to  discuss  the evidence  used  by the Moroccan ulama to  issue  this fatawa.  By examining  the  Moroccan ulama fatawa, this article aims to show the role of the ulama in their communities during difficult times.
Bantuan Zakat Kepada Asnaf Pelajar Menerusi Aplikasi E-Wallet (Kiplepay): Analisis Di Universiti Utara Malaysia
Authors: Bin Mohd Noor Mohd Murshidi , Bin Abdul Rahim Ahmad Khilmy , Bin Md. Hussain Muhammad Nasri
Published: January 2021

Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah (LZNK) telah mengagihkan semula zakat pendapatan di kalangan staf-staf Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) untuk diberikan bantuan kepada asnafasnaf yang memerlukan di Universiti Utara Malaysia yang terdiri daripada golongan pelajar, staf, komuniti luar dan agensi yang menguruskan hal ehwal asnaf. Pada tahun 2018 dan 2019, pengurusan zakat UUM memutuskan untuk menyalurkan bantuan zakat kepada pelajar menerusi aplikasi e-wallet (kiplePay). Tujuan artikel ini dilakukan adalah untuk menganalisis dari sudut hukum syarak mengenai bantuan yang diberikan menerusi aplikasi kiplePay tersebut. Kajian dilakukan secara kualitatif iaitu temubual bersemuka dan rujukan dokumen. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pelaksanaan bantuan zakat kepada pelajar di UUM menerusi aplikasi e-wallet (kiplePay) adalah selari dengan hukum Islam. Ia didapati sangat baik dan dapat mengawal perbelanjaan pelajar agar tidak digunakan untuk tujuan yang tidak sepatutnya. Kajian juga mendapati  a sesuai untuk digunakan di instutisi pendidikan lain yang mempunyai pelajar yang celit IT dan mempunyai teknologi IT yang bersesuaian.
Strengthening Macroeconomics Through Of Zakah As Social Business Finance
Authors: Prasetyowati Riris Aishah , Hamid Abdul , Trisasmita Rio
Published: January 2021

This study examines the Potential Role of Zakat as Sharia Bank Social Business Finance for the survival of sharia banking, National economic growth, income distribution for the poor, and the ratio of the population's natural wealth. This study uses a small sample test to observe the correlation and contribution of the role of zakat in each of the observational variables, in comparing before and after being linked to the role of zakat, the hypothesis testing of two means is used to obtain different results and the results obtained in this study are that there are significant differences in the survival of the sharia bank which is linked to zakat becomes more profitable. Likewise, the use of hypothesis testing in measuring the effect of income distribution, fair wealth ratio, and growth on the role of zakat as a source of Islamic financial business social financial funds together has a significant effect with various relationships between variables such as income distribution and the role of having opposite directions , so too is the relationship between the ratio of fair wealth to the role of zakat. However, a unidirectional relationship occurs with the profit of Islamic banks with the potential for zakat.
Analisis Prinsip Al-Darurah Dalam Pinjaman Berasaskan Riba Bagi Tujuan Pemilikan Rumah Dalam Kalangan Minoriti Muslim
Authors: Safwan Harun Muhammad , Haji Abdullah Luqman , Karim Ali Abdul
Published: January 2021

Minoriti muslim merupakan satu kelompok masyarakat muslim yang hidup dalam sesebuah negara bukan Islam. Realiti ini telah menimbulkan beberapa bentuk kesempitan hidup dalam masyarakat ini yang perlu ditangani dengan baik. Antaranya, isu pemilikan rumah yang merupakan salah satu keperluan asas mereka. Namun begitu, institusi kewangan Islam di negara Barat adalah terhad bagi membenarkan pembelian rumah dibuat selari dengan syarak. Hal ini menyebabkan masyarakat minoriti muslim melakukan pinjaman perumahan Barat yang mengandungi riba perbankan. Menariknya, transaksi tersebut diharuskan melalui fatwa dari Majlis Penyelidikan Fatwa Eropah dengan alasan situasi yang dihadapi oleh komuniti tersebut adalah darurat. Sedangkan, majoriti ulama mengharamkan sebarang bentuk transaksi berasaskan riba. Persoalannya, adakah terdapatnya pertimbangan prinsip darurat yang berbeza sehingga menimbulkan dua fatwa yang bertentangan dalam isu ini? Justeru itu, kajian dijalankan bagi menilai prinsip darurat yang menjadi asas fatwa yang membenarkan pinjaman riba bagi pembelian rumah. Kajian kualitatif ini dijalankan menggunakan metodologi campuran iaitu pengumpulan data perpustakaan dan analisis data. Kajian merumuskan bahawa, darurat merupakan situasi kritikal yang membenarkan beberapa tasarrufat yang asalnya dilarang dalam keadaan biasa. Namun begitu, terdapat alasan-alasan yang dijadikan asas fatwa pembelian rumah perlu dinilai kembali melalui prinsip darurat yang telah ditetapkan secara sistematik oleh sarjana Islam.
Islamic Financial Institutions And Their Impact On The Development Of Halal SMEs In Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad Tijanni , Bin Ngah Besar
Published: January 2021

Islamic Financial Institution is considered Halal and Shariah-compliant institution that effectively developed and impacted the role of developing Small Medium Enterprises by sharing similar value, principle, and market activities under Shariah-compliant and business sector. Despite its similarities, there is still low penetration of Islamic financial institutions on the Halal business instrument. However, the business should not only concentrate on Halal business but also financing SMEs is essential. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of Islamic Financial Institutions on the development of Halal SMEs in Nigeria. A 350 survey questionnaire was distributed to the twenty (20) Halal Small Medium Enterprises using Structural Equation Modelling and random sampling as an essential investigation tool. The findings justified that the development of SMEs with a significant number of business units and financing from Islamic financial institutions indicates a positive direction and promotes the development of SMEs ' relatively and broader representation of the Halal industry. The study shows a general overview of the positive impact on Islamic financial institutions towards the financing Halal sector and addresses the rate of unemployment in Nigeria. The study recommends strategies for creating a partnership with Middle-East and Asian investors for more effective models and application techniques for financing SMEs and addresses the rate of poverty and unemployment in the country.
Distribution Of Zakat Funds To Achieve SDGs Through Poverty Alleviation In Baznas Republic Of Indonesia
Authors: Hasan Zulfikar
Published: January 2021

Exterminating poverty and inequality is a present challenge that the SDGs want to overcome. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) itself is a continuation of the previous platform of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which was designed by the United Nations and agreed upon by 193 countries. SDGs applied with universal principles, integrity, and inclusive to ensure that all  arties can involve without exception, with the name No One Left Behind. The SDGs have 17 goals and 169 achievement targets,  hich expected to realize in 2030. Zakat contribution to support SDGs is also supported by Law No. 23 of 2011 concerning Management of Zakat, which states that zakat is a religious institution that aims to improve justice and welfare of the community. Besides, specifically in Article 3 of the same Act, it explains that the management of zakat intended; 1) Increase the effectiveness and efficiency of services in the management of zakat, 2) Increase the benefits of zakat to realize community welfare and poverty reduction.
Pendekatan Filantropi Dakwah Dalam Membangun Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Don Abdul Ghafur , Puteh Anuar , Muhamat @Kawangi Razaleigh , Mohd. Nasir Badlihisham
Published: January 2021

Dakwah adalah seruan dan aktiviti kepada kerja-kerja kebajikan bagi tujuan membina kesejahteraan hidup masyarakat. Dimensi kesejahteraan yang menjadi tujuan dan agenda dakwah meliputi kesejahteraan dan kebahagiaan di dunia dan di akhirat. Agenda kebajikan melalui aktiviti, program dan pendekatan dakwah bolehlah dianggap sebagai pelaksanaan konsep filantropi. Justeru, dakwah dan filantropi adalah saling berkaitan atau relevan. Proses pengembangan dan pembangunan dakwah dilihat akan lebih berkesan sekiranya pendekatan filantropi dilaksanakan secara sistematik dan berterusan kepada mad’u (sasaran dakwah). Artikel ni cuba menganalisis bagaimana pendekatan filantropi boleh menjadi model dakwah berkesan terhadap masyarakat. Literatur berkaitan subjek kajian dan perbincangan dirujuk bagi membina landasan teori berkaitan konsep dan pendekatan filantropi dalam dakwah. Berdasarkan sorotan literatur yang dilakukan, terdapat beberapa pendekatan filantropi yang boleh dilaksanakan konteks dakwah untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat, iaitu: Kerja-kerja kebajikan (menyantuni fakir, miskin, gelandangan, anak yatim), khidmat sosial, zakat, sedekah, infaq dan ziarah.
Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Unit
Authors: M. Ismail Yasser , M. Fayed Sahar , M. Elesawy Fatma , Z Abd El-Halim Nora , S. El-Shimi Ola
Published: January 2021

Background: The biggest concern for a burn team is a nosocomial infection in burn
patients, which is a significant health issue. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an extremely
troublesome drug-resistant bacterium in the world today. We are now faced with rising
P. aeruginosa pan-drug-resistant clones in hospital settings. Objectives: To evaluate the
distribution of different virulence factors generated by P. aeruginosa isolated from burn
wound infections, together with its antimicrobial susceptibility. Methodology: The
isolates reported as P. aeruginosa were further tested for the presence of various
phenotypic and genotypic virulence factors including (Biofilm formation, lipase,
protease, gelatinase, DNase, bile esculin hydrolysis & hemolysin). Also, genes encoding
(nan 1 and Exo A) were investigated by PCR using specific primers. All the isolates were
tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Results: The study reported that
toxins and enzymes were expressed by the tested strains in varying proportions; (92.0%)
were producing β-hemolysin, lipase (86%), and protease (86%). The formation of
biofilm was observed in 84%. Exo A (70%) was the main virulence gene found in the
tested strains. Nan 1 gene was identified in 30% of the samples. 82% of MDRPA isolates
were found. There is indeed a relationship between biofilm production and drug
resistance, as well as the presence of virulence genes (nan 1 and Exo A) were associated
with certain patients and burn wounds characteristics as burn size, burn wound depth,
length of hospital stays, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions: Correlation of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence profiles with burn wounds and patient-related data
can be useful in establishing of an appropriate preventive protocol for hospitalized
patients with P. aeruginosa burn serious infections. The targeting of these bacterial
virulence arsenals is also a promising approach to developing alternative drugs, which
act by attenuating the aggressiveness of the pathogen and reducing its potential to cause
vigorous infection.
Evaluating the Performance of Four SARS-CoV-2 Commercial Chemiluminescence Immunoassays
Authors: M. Khairat Sahar , ELGuindy Nancy , E. Sheta Amany , A. Bahaa Eldin Usama , Adel El-Mahdy Yasmin , S. Soliman Noha
Published: January 2021

Background: COVID-19 is a pandemic of serious global threat that forced test
developers to flood the market with various diagnostic assays that have been
independently validated. Objectives: This study aims at assessing the performance of
four SARS-CoV-2 chemiluminescence immunoassays. Methodology: The present study
included sera from 96 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)–confirmed COVID-19 cases
collected at 2 time periods (5-9 days and 9-14 days post symptom onset) during patient
follow-up, and 30 control sera from COVID-19 PCR–negative individuals. All sera were
tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using four high-throughput commercially available
chemiluminescence immunoassays: YHLO Biotech Co, Ltd China (IgM and IgG);
Abbott, Abbott USA (IgG); Roche, Roche US (total: IgM, IgG, and IgA), and Ortho,
Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, USA (total and individual IgG). Results: For the detection
of total antibodies (IgM, IgG, and IgA), the highest sensitivities were for Ortho followed
by Roche assays (91.6% and 84.3% in 5-9 days period, respectively) raised to 96.8%
and 92.7% in 9-14 days respectively with significant difference P-value <0.00001.
Ortho, Roche, and YHLO iFlash (IgM) assays had specificities of 100%, 100%, and
90.3% respectively. Roche (Total) and Ortho (Total) assays showed perfect categorical
agreement (94.4% in 5-9 days, and 96.4% in 9-14 days). As for the detection of
individual IgG antibodies, the Abbott assay had the highest sensitivity (91.6% in 5-9
days, and 93.7% in 9-14 days), followed by Ortho and YHLO iFlash assays (84.3%, and
83.3% in 5-9 days respectively) that increased to 89.5% and 88.5% in 9-14 days
respectively. Ortho assay was the best in specificity (100%), followed by Abbott (98.8%)
and YHLO iFlash (96.3%). YHLO iflash (IgG) and Ortho (IgG) showed perfect
agreement (96.8%) in the 2 time frames. Conclusion: Ortho assay showed the best
performance in detecting total antibodies with perfect match to Roche assay, while Abott
assay was the best performing in detecting individual IgG with perfect match to Ortho
assay rendering them to be efficient diagnostic tools
Potenciales Evocados Auditivos Continuos
Authors: Barajas del Prat José Juan , Zenker Franz
Published: January 2021

El diagnóstico precoz de la hipoacusia debe llevarse acabo de forma temprana ante las implicaciones que la falta de estimulación auditiva tiene sobre el desarrollo del lenguaje y el habla. Hasta los seis meses las audiometrías conductuales no resultan fiables por lo que a estas edades los recién nacidos son evaluados mediante las Emisiones Otoacústicas  (EOAE) y los Potenciales Evocados del Tronco Cerebral (PETC). Sin embargo, estas técnicas no son capaces de derivar información selectiva de la partición coclear. Los Potenciales Evocados Auditivos Continuos (PEAC) son una respuesta cerebral evocada periódica en el tiempo cuya frecuencia permanece constante en amplitud y fase. Con propósitos audiométricos los PEAC tiene varias ventajas sobre los PEATC. Primero a través de procedimientos estadísticos se determina la presencia de respuesta aumentando la fiabilidad y validez de la técnica. Segundo, los PEAC permiten el empleo de tonos específicos en frecuencia. Tercero, los PEAC permiten derivar una información específica en frecuencia de la partición coclear. En este artículo se revisan los principios y fundamentos de esta técnica electrofisiológica.
Valoración física, funcional y audiológica del anciano para proceder a la adaptación protésica
Authors: Bernal Zafra Sebastián
Published: January 2021

En el anciano, concurren dos situaciones una, su necesidad de oír ante el aislamiento social que le produce la sordera y otra, la decepción que le provocan, los resultados negativos obtenidos en la adaptación protésica que no alcanzan los objetivos previstos por él, lo que le obliga a no utilizar la prótesis. Este trabajo pretende en primer lugar, que la coincidencia de estas dos situaciones no se produzca, y en segundo lugar concienciar a los audioprotesistas de que la adaptación protésica es mucho más que una simple transacción comercial, que el audioprotesista esta tratando mas a un paciente que a un cliente y que su labor profesional debe estar enfocada a solucionar protésicamente una patología auditiva basándose en criterios objetivos y científicos. Para ello hemos protocolizado la recopilación de datos para facilitar al audioprotesista, su estudio y toma de decisiones. Esto es lo que nos permite conocer al anciano, no solo en cuanto a su patología auditiva, sino también en cuanto a sus necesidades de convivencia y grado de bienestar deseable, lo que a su vez nos permite actuar correctamente en la elección de la prótesis y del oído a aparellar. Los resultados siempre serán agradables, tanto si no se le realiza una adaptación, ya que estamos en condiciones de explicarle las causas y su porque, lo que satisface al anciano que no se siente engañado, como si se le realiza la adaptación ya que ve cumplidos sus objetivos de forma gratificante.
Normalización de las pruebas audiológicas (II): La audiometría verbal o logoaudiometría
Authors: Asociación Española de Audiología AEDA
Published: January 2021

Este es el segundo articulo de una serie de consensos sobre pruebas audiológicas.Todos los que trabajamos utilizamos pruebas, medias o comprobaciones de la audición que no siempre las hacemos igual que el resto de colegas. Introducimos variables personales, de utensilio o metodológicas no siempre controlables que pueden producir al menos dos consecuencias indeseables. En primer lugar podemos considerar correctos resultados que no lo son. En segundo lugar necesitamos saber en qué condiciones mínimas trabajamos todos. La Asociación Española de Audiología (AEDA) presenta con este texto una sugerencia de normalización de la audiometría vocal, está de acuerdo con la normativa ISO y pretende ser una aportación más a la necesidad que tenemos en España de poner en común este tipo de protocolos.
El promedio del espectro del habla. Fundamentos y aplicaciones clínicas
Authors: Delgado Hernández Jonathan , Zenker Franz
Published: January 2021

Una de las metas a lograr en el campo clínico de la audioprótesis es alcanzar un nivel de escucha del habla cómodo e inteligible. Para lograr este objetivo se han creado señales de referencia basadas en el promedio del espectro del  habla con las que poder evaluar la ganancia del los audífonos. El sexo, la edad, la localización del micrófono o la lengua son variables que influyen en el registro de esta medida. En este artículo revisamos la influencia de estos factores y presentamos las posibles aplicaciones audiológicas y audioprotésicas de este tipo de señales.
La prescripción de la ganancia en la adaptación audioprotésica
Authors: Zenker Franz
Published: January 2021

Los audífonos basados en la tecnología digital han fomentado la aparición de nuevas fórmulas de prescripción de la ganancia. En la actualidad existen dos grandes grupos de fórmulas: las genéricas, aplicables a cualquier tipo de audífono, como el DSL o el NAL-R y las fórmulas específicas desarrolladas por los fabricantes para modelo y marcas concretas de audífonos, como el ASAII de Oticon o el DIGITAL de Phonak.  Ambos grupos de fórmulas poseen ventajas y limitaciones. Las fórmulas específicas son rápidas y no requieren grandes conocimientos. La fórmulas genéricas, por otro lado,  permiten considerar de una forma amplia los aspectos diferenciadores de cada individuo en la prescripción final de la ganancia.  En este artículo revisamos los principales métodos de prescripción de la ganancia genéricos al uso aparecidos en los últimos años.
Normalización de las pruebas audiológicas (I): La audiometría tonal liminar
Authors: Asociación Española de Audiología AEDA
Published: January 2021

Todos los que trabajamos utilizamos pruebas, medias o comprobaciones de la audición que no siempre las hacemos igual que el resto de colegas. Introducimos variables personales, de utensilio o metodológicas no siempre controlables que pueden producir al menos dos consecuencias indeseables. En primer lugar podemos considerar correctos resultados que no lo son. En segundo lugar necesitamos saber en qué condiciones mínimas trabajamos todos. La Asociación Española de Audiología (AEDA) presenta con este texto una sugerencia de normalización de la Audiometría Tonal Liminar, está de acuerdo con la normativa ISO y pretende ser una aportación más a la necesidad que tenemos en España de poner en común este tipo de protocolos.