bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Detection of Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Raman Optical Activity in an Organic Molecular Lemniscate
Authors: Palomo Luis , Favereau Ludovic , Senthilkumar Kabali , Stępień Marcin , Casado Juan , Ramírez Francisco J.
Published: July 2022

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and Raman optical activity (ROA) were observed in a single spectroscopic experiment for a purely organic molecule, an event that had so far been limited to lanthanide‐based complexes. The present observation was achieved for [16]cycloparaphenylene lemniscate, a double macrocycle constrained by a rigid 9,9′‐bicarbazole subunit, which introduces a chirality source and allows the molecule to be resolved into two configurationally stable enantiomers. Distortion of oligophenylene loops in this lemniscular structure produces a large magnetic transition dipole moment while maintaining the π‐conjugation‐induced enhancement of the Raman signal, causing the appearance of the CPL/ROA couple. A two‐photon mechanism is proposed to explain the population of the lowest‐energy excited electronic state prior to the simultaneous emission‐scattering event.
Evaluation of roll dry granulation process on the high‐viscosity melt solidification and heat recovery
Authors: Liu Hu , Yu Pengfei , Xue Jingwen , Zhang Yankang , Che Defu
Published: July 2022

High‐viscosity melt with temperature above 1600 K has great potential for energy saving. A mathematical model was proposed on the heat transfer between the rotating roll and melt in a roll dry granulation system, aiming at the efficient granulation and heat recovery of high‐viscosity melt. In the model, the relationship between the rotation angle and time was utilized to simplify the three‐dimensional dynamic process to a one‐dimensional static problem. Then, the influences of the roll material, dimension, rotational speed, and the melt shedding angle on the system performance were investigated. Simulation results indicated that increasing the thermal conductivity or decreasing the wall thickness will result in a higher cooling rate but a more nonuniform heat flux distribution. The possible vibration and thermal fatigue due to the nonuniform heat flux distribution will cause a poor working stability. Heat‐resistant steel is a better choice than copper alloy. The optimum wall thickness is about 19 mm, and the rotational speed should be kept below 17 rpm. The overall exergy efficiency increased from 37% to 59%, when the melt shedding angle changed from 120° to 28.8°. This study provides a further feasible method for the efficient granulation and heat recovery of high‐viscosity melt.
What Limits the Rate Capability of Ultrathick Composite Electrodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries? A Case Study on the Thickness‐Dependent Impedance of LiCoO2 Cathodes
Authors: Cronau Marvin , Paulus Alexander , Pescara Lars Pateras , Kroll Moritz , Renz Diemo , Mekontso Joëlle Aurelie , Marx Anna , Roling Bernhard
Published: July 2022

Increasing the thickness of composite electrodes in lithium‐ion batteries from about 80–100 μm in state‐of‐the‐art commercial cells to several 100 μm would enhance the energy density, however at the expense of the power density. Despite this common knowledge, quantitative studies on the impedance and rate capability of composite electrode in dependence of the electrode thickness are scarce. Therefore, we have carried out a case study on LiCoO2 composite electrodes with thicknesses up to about 250 μm. We first demonstrate that conventional composite electrode preparation leads to ion transport tortuosities in the electrolyte‐filled pores, which are virtually independent of the thickness. The thickness‐dependent impedance of these electrodes decreases with increasing thickness and follows the predictions of a generalized transmission line (GTLM) model. We use the GTLM model for analyzing in what way cycling of ultrathick electrodes (250–300 μm) with a rate of 1 C should be achievable.
Development of a Tethered mRNA Amplifier to increase protein expression
Authors: Torkzaban Bahareh , Kawalerski Ryan , Coller Jeff
Published: July 2022

Herein, we present a novel method to specifically increase a messenger RNA's (mRNA) expression at the post‐transcriptional level. This is accomplished using what we term a “Tethered mRNA Amplifier.” The Tethered mRNA Amplifier specifically binds an mRNA's 3′ untranslated region and enhances its stability/translation, often doubling protein output. We test this approach on several transcripts associated with haploinsufficiency disorders and increase their steady‐state expression in cell culture. We suggest this approach may be a tenable therapeutic modality with precise activity and broad‐spectrum application.
Recent advances, challenges and metabolic engineering strategies in the biosynthesis of 3‐hydroxypropionic acid
Authors: Liang Bo , Sun Guannan , Zhang Xinping , Nie Qingjuan , Zhao Yukun , Yang Jianming
Published: July 2022

As an attractive and valuable platform chemical, 3‐hydroxypropionic acid (3‐HP) can be used to produce a variety of industrially important commodity chemicals and biodegradable polymers. Moreover, the biosynthesis of 3‐HP has drawn much attention in recent years due to its sustainability and environmental friendliness. Here, we focus on recent advances, challenges, and metabolic engineering strategies in the biosynthesis of 3‐HP. While glucose and glycerol are major carbon sources for its production of 3‐HP via microbial fermentation, other carbon sources have also been explored. To increase yield and titer, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies have been explored, including modifying pathway enzymes, eliminating flux blockages due to byproduct synthesis, eliminating toxic byproducts, and optimizing via genome‐scale models. This review also provides insights on future directions for 3‐HP biosynthesis.
Use of multikinase inhibitors/lenvatinib concomitant with antiresorptive therapy for bone metastases from radioiodine‐resistant differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Navarro‐Gonzalez Elena
Published: July 2022

Bone is the second most common distant metastasis site in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and is normally associated with the presence of other metastases, which are usually radioiodine‐resistant. The presence of bone metastasis (BM) determines low survival and greater morbidity due to the frequency of skeletal‐related events (SREs), which can be a serious complication of BM. There is evidence that antiresorptive therapy (AT) reduces SREs in other solid tumors, but not yet in DTC BM, for which data are scant. The same is true for systemic therapy with multikinase inhibitors (MKIs). In general, the results for MKI use are well known, although the effect on BM has rarely been evaluated. While MKIs are indicated in current clinical practice guidelines, studies evaluating the benefits and risks of concomitant treatment with MKIs and AT are lacking, and the available data come from small samples in retrospective studies. The objective of this article is to review the latest evidence for concomitant MKIs and AT.
On the singular gamma, Wishart, and beta matrix‐variate density functions
Authors: Mathai Arak M. , Provost Serge B.
Published: July 2022

When a real positive definite matrix follows a Wishart or, more generally, a matrix‐variate gamma distribution with shape parameter and positive definite scale parameter matrix , one can represent as for some matrix of dimension . When , has a singular distribution whose properties can be studied via the density function of . It will be shown that when follows a matrix‐variate extended Gaussian distribution, the density function of the resulting singular gamma distribution can be obtained by making use of successive transformations and their associated Jacobians. The singular Wishart distribution will then be obtained as a particular case. The marginal and conditional density functions resulting from an arbitrary partitioning of will be considered as well. The same technique will also be applied to the derivation of the density functions of real and complex singular type‐1 and type‐2 beta‐distributed matrices. It so happens that the proposed approach, which is based on manipulations involving the wedge products of certain differential elements, generally proves more efficient than the intricate procedures that have hitherto been employed in the literature.
Ultrafine Palladium Embedded in N‐doped Porous Carbon Material from Carbazole‐covalent Triazine Polymer for Green Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Zhang Li , Yu Haitao , Wu Wenjin , Ge Qi , Ni Shujing , Song Chunmei , Huang Kun
Published: July 2022

Here, we develop a facile synthesis route to fabricate ultrafine palladium nanoparticles embedded in N‐doped porous carbon material (Pd@N‐PCM), in which carbazole‐covalent triazine polymers obtained by Friedel‐Crafts alkylation at room temperature are used as precursor of N‐doped carbon. The obtained Pd@N‐PCM as a green catalyst shows the high catalytic efficiency (TOF=982 h−1) for Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction of chlorobenzene under the mild reaction condition (room temperature, a non‐toxic solvent and air atmosphere). The brilliant catalytic activity of Pd@N‐PCM gives the credit to the concerted effect from the ultrafine Pd and N‐doped porous carbon.
Photoinduced Intervalence Charge Transfers: Spectroscopic Tools to Study Fundamental Phenomena and Applications
Authors: Ramírez‐Wierzbicki Ivana , Cotic Agustina , Cadranel Alejandro
Published: July 2022

The exploitation of excited state chemistry for solar energy conversion or photocatalysis has been continuously increasing, and the needs of a transition to a sustainable human development indicate this trend will continue. In this scenario, the study of mixed valence systems in the excited state offers a unique opportunity to explore excited state electron transfer reactivity, and, in a broader sense, excited state chemistry. This Concept article analyzes recent contributions in the field of photoinduced mixed valence systems, i. e. those where the mixed valence core is absent in the ground state but created upon light absorption. The focus is on the utilization of photoinduced intervalence charge transfer bands, detected via transient absorption spectroscopy, as key tools to study fundamental phenomena like donor/acceptor inversion, hole delocalization, coexistence of excited states and excited state nature, together with applications in molecular electronics.
The Kinetic Solvent Effect on 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of 2,2,5,5‐Tetramethyl‐3‐imidazoline‐3‐oxide‐1‐oxyl
Authors: Cherkasov Sergey A. , Kaletina Polina M. , Polienko Yuliya F. , Parkhomenko Dmitriy A.
Published: July 2022

The use of 2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐3‐imidazoline‐3‐oxide‐1‐oxyl (1) as a controlling agent in Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization allows for activation of alkoxyamine homolysis by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of a vinyl monomer [Edeleva et al. Chem. Commun. 2019, 55, 190–193]. Polymerization can be carried out in a medium with different polarity and hydrogen bonding capacity which affects the rate of 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. In the present study, the solvent effect on the rate of this reaction was investigated by the electron paramagnetic resonance and density functional theory for the six different dipolarophiles, e. g. styrene, n‐butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, methyl vinyl ketone, maleic anhydride, and N‐phenyl maleimide. The rate of 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition of non‐polar styrene was found to be slightly dependent on solvent, while one order of magnitude decrease in rate coefficient is observed for other dipolarophiles when going from hexane to methanol.
Carnosol alleviates sevoflurane‑induced cognitive dysfunction by mediating NF‑κB pathway in aged rats
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Xianjie , Li Siyuan , Li Wen , Teng Yunpeng , Zhou Yukai , Xiong Hongfei
Published: July 2022

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) is a neurological disorder of unconsciousness due to cognitive regression after surgical anesthesia. However, the specific mechanism has not yet been clarified. Sevoflurane (SEV) is one of the most commonly used anesthetics in clinical practice, and how SEV mediates the generation of POCD is unclear. Carnosol, a natural ingredient, has been reported to have various beneficial effects such as anti‐inflammatory, immune enhancement, and so forth, but how it ameliorates SEV‐mediated neurotoxicity remains unclear. This study aimed to induce a POCD model in aged rats by SEV and to elucidate how Carnosol ameliorated SEV‐mediated neurotoxicity. The effects of Carnosol on the expression of inflammatory factors in rat hippocampus mediated by SEV were determined by enzyme‐linked immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction experiments; the effects of Carnosol on the expressions of Iba‐1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein after SEV‐mediated activation of rat microglia were clarified by immunofluorescence and Western blotting (WB); The effects of Carnosol on SEV‐mediated neuronal apoptosis were studied by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and WB; the specific signaling pathways regulated by Carnosol were elucidated by WB. The results showed that Carnosol can improve the cognitive dysfunction and reduce neuroinflammation in aged rats induced by SEV; Carnosol can reduce the activation of microglia and inhibit neuronal apoptosis in aged rats induced by SEV; Carnosol can phosphorylate p65 and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B‐cells inhibitor, alpha regulates the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) pathway. Carnosol can attenuate SEV‐induced neuroinflammation, prevent microglial activation and inhibit neuronal apoptosis by modulating the NF‐κB pathway.
A theoretical modeling framework for motile and colonial harmful algae
Authors: Taylor Jackie , Calderer M. Carme , Hondzo Miki , Voller Vaughan R.
Published: July 2022

Climate change is leading to an increase in severity, frequency, and distribution of harmful algal blooms across the globe. For many harmful algae species in eutrophic lakes, the formation of such blooms is controlled by three factors: the lake hydrodynamics, the vertical motility of the algae organisms, and the ability of the organisms to form colonies. Here, using the common cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa as an example, we develop a model that accounts for both vertical transport and colony dynamics. At the core of this treatment is a model for aggregation. For this, we used Smoluchowski dynamics containing parameters related to Brownian motion, turbulent shear, differential setting, and cell‐to‐cell adhesion. To arrive at a complete description of bloom formation, we place the Smoluchowski treatment as a reaction term in a set of one‐dimensional advection‐diffusion equations, which account for the vertical motion of the algal cells through molecular and turbulent diffusion and self‐regulating buoyant motion. Results indicate that Smoluchowski aggregation qualitatively describes the colony dynamics of M. aeruginosa. Further, the model demonstrates wind‐induced mixing is the dominant aggregation process, and the rate of aggregation is inversely proportional to algal concentration. Because blooms of Microcystis typically consist of large colonies, both of these findings have direct consequences to harmful algal bloom formation. While the theoretical framework outlined in this manuscript was derived for M. aeruginosa, both motility and colony formation are common among bloom‐forming algae. As such, this coupling of vertical transport and colony dynamics is a useful step for improving forecasts of surface harmful algal blooms.
Field investigation‐ and dietary metabarcoding‐based screening of arthropods that prey on primary tea pests
Authors: Yang Tingbang , Song Xuhao , Zhong Yang , Wang Bin , Zhou Caiquan
Published: July 2022

Predatory natural enemies play key functional roles in biological control. Abundant predatory arthropod species have been recorded in tea plantation ecosystems. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the control effect of predatory arthropods on tea pests in the field. We performed a 1‐year field investigation and collected predatory arthropods and pests in the tea canopy. A total of 7931 predatory arthropod individuals were collected, and Coleosoma blandum (Araneae, Theridiidae) was the most abundant species in the studied tea plantation. The population dynamics between C. blandum and four main tea pest species (Aleurocanthus spiniferus, Empoasca onukii, Ectropis grisescens, and Scopula subpunctaria) were established using the individual number of predators and pests in each month. The results showed that C. blandum appeared to co‐occur in the tea canopy with A. spiniferus, Em. onukii, and Ec. grisescens in a longer period. The prey spectrum of C. blandum was further analyzed using DNA metabarcoding. Among prey species, A. spiniferus, Em. onukii, and Ec. grisescens were included, and the relative abundance and positive rates of target DNA fragments of A. spiniferus were greater than that of other two pests. Combined with the high dominance index of C. blandum, co‐occurrence between C. blandum and A. spiniferus in time and space and high positive rate and relative abundance of target DNA fragments of A. spiniferus, C. blandum was identified to prey on A. spiniferus, and C. blandum may be an important predator of A. spiniferus. Thus, C. blandum has potential as a biological control agent of A. spiniferus in an integrated pest management strategy.
Interactive effects of light and snail herbivory rather than nutrient loading determine early establishment of submerged macrophytes
Authors: Feng Mingjun , Zhang Peiyu , Cheng Haowu , Frenken Thijs , Xu Jun , Zhang Min
Published: July 2022

Submerged macrophytes play a key role in maintaining a clear‐water phase and promoting biodiversity in shallow aquatic ecosystems. Since their abundance has declined globally due to anthropogenic activities, it is important to include them in aquatic ecosystem restoration programs. Macrophytes establishment in early spring is crucial for the subsequent growth of other warm‐adapted macrophytes. However, factors affecting this early establishment of submerged macrophytes have not been fully explored yet. Here, we conducted an outdoor experiment from winter to early spring using the submerged macrophytes Potamogeton crispus and Vallisneria spinulosa to study the effects of shading, nutrient loading, snail herbivory (Radix swinhoei), and their interactions on the early growth and stoichiometric characteristics of macrophytes. The results show that the effects strongly depend on macrophyte species. Biomass and number of shoots of P. crispus decreased, and internode length increased during low light conditions, but were not affected by nutrient loading. P. crispus shoot biomass and number showed hump‐shaped responses to increased snail biomass under full light. In contrast, the biomass of the plant linearly decreased with snail biomass under low light. This indicates an interaction of light with snail herbivory. Since snails prefer grazing on periphyton over macrophytes, a low density of snails promoted growth of P. crispus by removing periphyton competition, while herbivory on the macrophyte increased during a high density of snails. The growth of V. spinulosa was not affected by any of the factors, probably because of growth limitation by low temperature. Our study demonstrates that the interaction of light with snail herbivory may affect establishment and growth of submerged macrophytes in early spring. Macrophyte restoration projects may thus benefit from lowering water levels to increase light availability and making smart use of cold‐adapted herbivores to reduce light competition with periphyton.
Within‐community variation of interspecific divergence patterns in passerine gut microbiota
Authors: Kubovčiak Jan , Schmiedová Lucie , Albrecht Tomáš , Těšický Martin , Tomášek Oldřich , Kauzálová Tereza , Kreisinger Jakub
Published: July 2022

Gut microbiota (GM) often exhibit variation between different host species and co‐divergence with hosts' phylogeny. Identifying these patterns is a key for understanding the mechanisms that shaped symbiosis between GM and its hosts. Therefore, both GM‐host species specificity and GM‐host co‐divergence have been investigated by numerous studies. However, most of them neglected a possibility that different groups of bacteria within GM can vary in the tightness of their association with the host. Consequently, unlike most of these studies, we aimed to directly address how the strength of GM‐host species specificity and GM‐host co‐divergence vary across different GM clades. We decomposed GM communities of 52 passerine species (394 individuals), characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequence variant (ASV) profiles, into monophyletic Binned Taxonomic units (BTUs). Subsequently, we analyzed strength of host species specificity and correlation with host phylogeny separately for resulting BTUs. We found that most BTUs exhibited significant host‐species specificity in their composition. Notably, BTUs exhibiting high host‐species specificity comprised bacterial taxa known to impact host's physiology and immune system. However, BTUs rarely displayed significant co‐divergence with host phylogeny, suggesting that passerine GM evolution is not shaped primarily through a shared evolutionary history between the host and its gut microbes.
Stability of quercetin in DMEM and cell culture with A549 cells
Authors: Cao Hui , Högger Petra , Prieto Miguel‐Angel , Simal‐Gandara Jesus , Xiao Jianbo
Published: July 2022

Quercetin is evidently unstable in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) at 37°C. However, the underlying mechanism of this instability is not clear yet. The stability and new degradation products of quercetin in DMEM at 37°C were investigated via in UPLC‐MS‐MS analysis. With increasing incubation time, quercetin formed various degradation products derived from its dimer and there were numerous isomers formed during this process. Ascorbic acid significantly improved the stability of quercetin by protecting quercetin from auto‐oxidation in this medium. Ascorbic acid also remarkably enhanced the stability of quercetin in DMEM in the presence of A549 cells and obviously increased the antiproliferative effect of quercetin toward A549 cells.
Thermal Structure Transformation of Methylammonium Vanadate and it's Application as a Negative Staining Reagent for Observing SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Sukmana Ndaru Candra , Sugiarto  , Shinogi Jun , Yamamoto Akima , Higashiura Akifumi , Sakaguchi Takemasa , Sadakane Masahiro
Published: July 2022

The solid‐state thermal structure transformation of methylammonium vanadate, (CH3NH3)VO3, from −150 °C to 350 °C is reported. Variable‐temperature X‐ray single‐crystal structure analysis at 23, 0, −50, −100, and −150 °C reveal (CH3NH3)VO3 comprises of methylammonium cations and “snake‐like” ([VO3]−)n anion chains propagating along the c‐direction in the Pna21 space group. In between −150 and −100 °C, we observe a reversible structural transformation due to the re‐orientation of the methylammonium cations in the crystal packing, which is also confirmed by the reversible profiles observed in differential scanning calorimetry. The methylammonium vanadate is stable until at ca. 100 °C and further heating releases methylamine and water and V2O5 is formed at ca. 275 °C . Furthermore, we show that the methylammonium vanadate can be used as a negative staining reagent for visualizing SARS‐CoV‐2, allowing us to discern the spike proteins from the body of the virus using transmission electron microscopy.
Synthesis of human and artificial intelligence: Review of “How to stay smart in a smart world: Why human intelligence still beats algorithms” by Gerd Gigerenzer
Authors: Grüning David J.
Published: July 2022

Artificial intelligence, due to being heavily researched and funded, reaches new peaks of performance by the hour. In his new book, Gigerenzer (2022) addresses the predominantly positive perspective on AI with an advocacy for the uniqueness of the human intellect. He outlines strengths of human intelligence and the failures as well as dangers of AI. While the book presents an enlightening case for human intelligence, the author misses out on exploring a more productive approach: The synthesis of human intelligence and AI. In the present review, I introduce strengths and weaknesses of both types of intelligence and focus on the potential of synthetic cooperation between them. I support my plea for cooperation with two recent research ventures, namely, the regulation of digital social media platforms and predicting the societal effects of emerging innovations.
Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy: Laparoscopic versus robotic approach—A cohort study
Authors: Lai Hon‐Fan , Shyr Yi‐Ming , Shyr Bor‐Shiuan , Chen Shih‐Chin , Wang Shin‐E , Shyr Bor‐Uei
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims

There is no consensus on the superiority of robotic distal pancreatectomy (RDP) over laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP).

Methods

Data of patients undergoing RDP and LDP were prospectively collected and compared.

Results

There were 65 RDP and 112 LDP. RDP took a shorter operation time than LDP. Overall, DP with splenectomy took a longer operation time than that with spleen preservation. This difference was only significant in LDP group. In both RDP and LDP groups, splenectomy was associated with increased blood loss, as compared with spleen preservation. No significant differences were observed in surgical morbidity between RDP and LDP. The hospital cost in RDP was almost double that of LDP, with a median of 13,404 versus 7765 USD.

Conclusion

LDP is comparable to RDP in regard to surgical outcomes. LDP with spleen preservation is highly recommended whenever possible and feasible for benign or low malignant lesions in terms of lower costs and less blood loss.
Opportunities and challenges of solar thermal technologies in the Indian context
Authors: Kuchhal Piyush , Kumar Abhinav , Upadhyay Prashant , Mondal Surajit
Published: July 2022

India has abundant solar power assets. Many districts get better than expected insulation compared with different parts of the world. The essential innovation for incorporating and changing sun‐based energy into electrical energy in India depends on photovoltaic (PV) cells. Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants have barely added to the nation's general introduced solar‐based force limit. The difficulties that have restrained the development of CSP and CST are part of the discussion and potential arrangements recommended. The primary difficulties for CSP and CST are identified as the absence of a dependable direct normal irradiance database, indigenous assembling, and rivalry from PV. The after‐effects of a contextual analysis evaluated the effect of indigenous assembling and economies of scale on capital expenses and levelized cost of power. We will evaluate the current status of CSP plants in this paper. The paper shows different incorporated technologies in solar thermal application in India with indigenous manufacturing and the energy policy supporting the solar thermal analyzing the barriers to implementation of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission. Also, the techno‐economic evaluation of the CSP and CST is covered. This paper provides a framework of CSP and CST technology in India's industrial sector with their impact on goods and services provided by the sector and the cost‐effectiveness of the product and technology. Furthermore, the environmental aspects and base electrical load accumulating are researched, and various policy measures and amendments are suggested to the government from this study‐based study.
Ca‐Fe mixed metal oxide adsorbent prepared via a novel coprecipitator for efficient fluoride adsorption
Authors: Wei Jiangjiang , Wang Xinyuan , Lv Xia , Lv Guozhi , Wang Jinyu , Zhang Jinli
Published: July 2022

The extensive utilization of fluorine industrial products has brought abundant fluorine pollution. The fluorine removal is important. In this study, CaO, as a novel coprecipitator, was conducted to synthesize Ca‐Fe‐SO4 layered double hydroxide (CF) via co‐precipitation of FeSO4. Ca‐Fe mixed metal oxide adsorbent (CCF) was fabricated by calcinating CF for efficient fluoride adsorption. The results showed that CCF adsorbent had an excellent adsorption performance for fluoride. It was attributed to two reasons as follows: On one hand, Ca had a strong affinity for fluoride, improving the adsorption capacity of adsorbent for fluoride. On the other hand, Fe had a strong magnetism, which could promote the recovery of the adsorbed material. The adsorption capacity of CCF for fluorine was analyzed by batch adsorption experiments, the adsorption capacity was 160.66 mg/g at temperature of 298 K and pH of 7. Moreover, the adsorption process of fluorine and the actual adsorption process were in accordance with Langmuir model and the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, respectively. According to the analysis of pHzpc, FITR and XPS, the main adsorption mechanisms of CCF for fluoride in water were complexation and electrostatic interactions. Therefore, this study suggested that CaO can be a novel coprecipitator to prepare a new efficient fluorine adsorbent for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells with malignancy‐related gene mutations in patients with acquired aplastic anemia are characterized by the increased expression of CXCR4
Authors: Katagiri Takamasa , Espinoza Jorge Luis , Uemori Mizuho , Ikeda Honoka , Hosokawa Kohei , Ishiyama Ken , Yoroidaka Takeshi , Imi Tatsuya , Takamatsu Hiroyuki , Ozawa Tatsuhiko , Kishi Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Elbadry Mahmoud Ibrahim , Yoshida Yoshinori , Chonabayashi Kazuhisa , Takenaka Katsuto , Akashi Koichi , Nannya Yasuhito , Ogawa Seishi , Nakao Shinji
Published: July 2022

The phenotypic changes in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) with somatic mutations of malignancy‐related genes in patients with acquired aplastic anemia (AA) are poorly understood. As our initial study showed increased CXCR4 expression on HLA allele‐lacking (HLA[−]) HSPCs that solely support hematopoiesis in comparison to redundant HLA(+) HSPCs in AA patients, we screened the HSPCs of patients with various types of bone marrow (BM) failure to investigate their CXCR4 expression. In comparison to healthy individuals (n = 15, 12.3%–49.9%, median 43.2%), the median CXCR4+ cell percentages in the HSPCs of patients without somatic mutations were low: 29.3% (14.3%–37.3%) in the eight patients without HLA(−) granulocytes, 8.8% (4.1%–9.8%) in the five patients with HLA(−) cells accounting for >90% of granulocytes, and 7.8 (2.1%–8.7%) in the six patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. In contrast, the median percentage was much higher (78% [61.4%–88.7%]) in the five AA patients without HLA(−) granulocytes possessing somatic mutations (c‐kit, t[8;21], monosomy 7 [one for each], ASXL1 [n = 2]), findings that were comparable to those (66.5%, 63.1%–88.9%) in the four patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndromes. The increased expression of CXCR4 may therefore reflect intrinsic abnormalities of HSPCs caused by somatic mutations that allow them to evade restriction by BM stromal cells.
Mi identidad and my privilege: The experiences of females of Mexican descent studying abroad in Mexico
Authors: Trepal Heather , Castellon Nancy E. , Kurz Isanely Guerrero , Morgan Ashley , Contreras Jacqueline
Published: July 2022

Study abroad is becoming increasingly common for multicultural immersion in counselor education programs. However, little is known about students who immerse themselves within their own culture. This study used a phenomenological approach to examine the experiences of nine female counseling students of Mexican descent who took part in a study abroad program in Mexico. Three themes emerged from the data (identity, privilege, and reflection). Implications for counseling study abroad programs and multicultural education are provided.
Retrospective exploratory study of smoking status and e‐cigarette use with response to non‐surgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Shah Chandni , Holtfreter Birte , Hughes Francis J. , Nibali Luigi
Published: July 2022

Background

To compare periodontal treatment responses in electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) users, non‐smokers, former and current smokers.

Methods

In this retrospective clinical study, 220 patients with periodontitis were seen for baseline periodontal charting, professional‐mechanical‐plaque‐removal (PMPR) and re‐evaluation by postgraduate students. Sixty of these patients were former smokers, twenty were former smokers now using e‐cigarettes, twenty current smokers, while all others (n = 120) were non‐smokers. Effects of smoking status and treatment duration on clinical outcomes were analyzed by linear models using generalized least squares adjusted for known confounders. The primary outcome was “need for surgery” defined as number of sextants with ≥2 non‐adjacent sites of probing depths (PD) ≥5 mm.

Results

Compared with non‐smokers, e‐cigarette users had a less favorable treatment response after PMPR. This included statistically significant increased “need for surgery”, as well as increased number of sextants with PD ≥5 mm, number of sites with PD >5 mm and mean PD. There were no statistically significant differences between e‐cigarette users and current smokers. Former smokers responded statistically significantly better than e‐cigarette users for the primary outcome as well as for the number of sextants and sites with PD ≥5 mm and mean PD.

Conclusions

Overall, e‐cigarette users had a statistically significantly less favorable response to PMPR than non‐smokers; their response was not statistically significantly different to those of current smokers. This, however, needs to be validated with further research in prospective clinical and observational studies in different populations.
Interplay of Leakage Radiation and Protection in Topological Photonic Crystal Cavities
Authors: Barczyk René , Parappurath Nikhil , Arora Sonakshi , Bauer Thomas , Kuipers Laurens , Verhagen Ewold
Published: July 2022

The introduction of topological concepts to the design of photonic crystal cavities holds great promise for applications in integrated photonics due to the prospect of topological protection. This study examines the signatures of topological light confinement in the leakage radiation of 2D topological photonic crystal cavities. The cavities are implemented in an all‐dielectric platform that features the photonic quantum spin Hall effect at telecom wavelengths and supports helical edge states that are weakly coupled to the radiation continuum. The modes of resonators scaling down to single point defects in the surrounding bulk lattice are characterized via spectral position and multipolar nature of the eigenstates. The mode profiles in real and momentum space are mapped using far‐field imaging and Fourier‐spectropolarimetry, revealing how certain properties of the cavity modes reflect on their origin in the topological bandstructure. This includes band‐inversion‐induced confinement and inverted scaling of mode spectra for trivial and topological defect cavities. Furthermore, hallmarks of topological protection in the loss rates are demonstrated, which are largely unaffected by cavity shape and size. The results constitute an important step toward the use of radiative topological cavities for on‐chip confinement of light, control of emitted wave fronts, and enhancement of light–matter interactions.
Mechanical, thermal and microstructural studies of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene reinforced with rattan (Calamus beccarii) fiber composites
Authors: Sahu Sibakanta , Sahu Saipad B. B. P. J. , Nayak Subhakanta , Roul Manmatha K.
Published: July 2022

In this research work, fibers from rattan plant stem (RA) were selected as reinforcing material with widely used thermoplastic polymer acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The extracted fibers were chemically modified with NaOH followed by benzoylation and bleaching. Then they were used as reinforcement in ABS polymer matrix by different weight percentages (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) for fabrication of composites. It was observed that chemical treatment changes the surface texture of the fibers enhancing the surface roughness which helps in proper fiber–matrix bonding. Various properties like static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal and morphological properties were investigated. The mechanical properties of the composites were observed to increase at beginning phase with increase in filler content till optimum (24 wt%) fiber loading and from there on declines. Highest tensile strength of 74.98 MPa, 4.80 GPa of young's modulus, 90. A total of 10 MPa of flexural strength and 31.42 kJ/m2 of impact strength were obtained at optimum fiber loading. Further characterizations in terms of Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) on composites with optimum fiber loading were conducted and compared with untreated composites. These fabricated composites can be an alternative material for automobile industries due to its high strength and low weight advantage.
It all adds up…the impact of cumulative changes on safety and production
Authors: Kerin Trish
Published: July 2022

On December 21, 1999, a Cessna 150 M aircraft attempted a take‐off at Moorabbin General Aviation Airport in Australia. Just after take‐off, the engine lost all power. The pilot managed a forced landing onto the grass at the end of the runway. On touch down, the engine resumed power. This event led to approximately 5000 piston engine aircraft being grounded and triggered an investigation from the refinery that manufactured the fuel in the plane. An independent investigation by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau determined that a series of cumulative changes in how the fuel was manufactured led to the carry over of a corrosion inhibitor, which contaminated the fuel. Cumulative changes are often hard to track, as their consequences may not be readily apparent. This paper will explore the cumulative changes that occurred and how the application of a new risk assessment technique, Delta HAZOP, might have assisted in uncovering the impacts of the cumulative changes. Delta HAZOP views a system more holistically and looks for the impacts of cumulative changes to uncover risks that may be missed via the guideword approach.
Diagnostic Research for the Failure of Electrical Transformer Winding Based on Digital Twin Technology
Authors: Jing Yongteng , Wang Xiwen , Yu Zhanyang , Wang Changyu , Liu Ziming , Li Yan
Published: July 2022

Transformer is a key equipment for constructing power system, and its safe and stable operation is the basis of power system. In order to solve the problems of difficult identification and low detection accuracy of transformer winding at operating state, in this paper, a diagnosis method based on digital twinning technique for transformer winding failure is proposed. Firstly a digital twin transformer model with high simulation degree based on transformer entities was built, and then multiple physical field simulation were used to deduce the information change of oil tank surface vibration information of digital twin transformer under different working conditions, various winding failures. Here, the vibration signal on oil tank is effectively decomposed to extract the feature vector by independent component analysis method and wavelet packet transform, which in turn is based on neural network algorithm to learn and diagnose the failure signal of winding. In order to test the accuracy and feasibility of the method, the diagnostic test of oil tank vibration signal detection of health and fault transformer is carried out on an experimental prototype of transformer with 110 kV, and the diagnostic results show that this method can diagnose the problems occurred in transformer windings with high efficiency and accuracy. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Next-to-next-to-leading order event generation for VH production with H → $$ b\overline{b} $$ decay
Authors: Zanoli Silvia , Chiesa Mauro , Re Emanuele , Wiesemann Marius , Zanderighi Giulia
Published: July 2022

Abstract

We consider the Higgsstrahlung process in hadronic collisions and present the computation of next-to-next-to-leading order predictions matched to parton showers for both production and H → $$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

decay employing the MiNNLOPS method. We present predictions for ZH and W±H production including spin correlations and off-shell effects by calculating the full processes pp → ℓ+ℓ−H → ℓ+ℓ−$$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

, pp → $$ {\nu}_{\ell }{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell }H $$

ν
ℓ

ν
¯

ℓ

H
→ $$ {\nu}_{\ell }{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell }b\overline{b} $$

ν
ℓ

ν
¯

ℓ

b

b
¯

and pp → ℓ±νℓH → $$ {\ell}^{\pm }{\overline{\nu}}_{\ell }b\overline{b} $$

ℓ
±

ν
¯

ℓ

b

b
¯

in the narrow-width approximation for the Higgs boson. For the W±H process, NNLO+PS accuracy in production and decay is achieved for the first time. Our calculations are validated against earlier simulations in the NNLOPS approach that includes NNLO corrections via multi-differential reweighting. The new MiNNLOPS generators for these processes, which evaluate NNLO corrections on-the-fly in the event generation, will supersede those earlier calculations. Our predictions are in good agreement with recent measurements of the Higgsstrahlung cross sections.
‘Digitalising a National Archive’: interview with John Sheridan, Digital Director at The National Archives, UK
Authors: Sheridan John , Foster Clare
Published: July 2022

John Sheridan talks with Clare L E Foster, sharing some wider observations about the challenges of the digital transformation of The National Archives. (https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/our-role/executive-team/john-sheridan/).
The role of comorbid depressive symptoms on long-range temporal correlations in resting EEG in adults with ADHD
Authors: Huang Jue , Ahlers Eike , Bogatsch Holger , Böhme Pierre , Ethofer Thomas , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Gallinat Jürgen , Hegerl Ulrich , Heuser Isabella , Hoffmann Knut , Kittel-Schneider Sarah , Reif Andreas , Schöttle Daniel , Unterecker Stefan , Gärtner Matti , Strauß Maria
Published: July 2022

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by core symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Comorbid depression is commonly observed in ADHD-patients. Psychostimulants are recommended as first-line treatment for ADHD. Aberrant long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs) of neuronal activities in resting-state are known to be associated with disorganized thinking and concentrating difficulties (typical in ADHD) and with maladaptive thinking (typical in depression). It has yet to be examined whether (1) LRTC occur in ADHD-patients, and if so, (2) whether LRTC might be a competent biomarker in ADHD comorbid with current depression and (3) how depression affects psychostimulant therapy of ADHD symptoms. The present study registered and compared LRTCs in different EEG frequency bands in 85 adults with ADHD between groups with (n = 28) and without (n = 57) additional depressive symptoms at baseline. Treatment-related changes in ADHD, depressive symptoms and LRTC were investigated in the whole population and within each group. Our results revealed significant LRTCs existed in all investigated frequency bands. There were, however, no significant LRTC-differences between ADHD-patients with and without depressive symptoms at baseline and no LRTC-changes following treatment. However, depressed ADHD patients did seem to benefit more from the therapy with psychostimulant based on self-report.
The stability of antigorite in subduction zones revisited: the effect of F on antigorite stability and its breakdown reactions at high pressures and high temperatures, with implications for the geochemical cycles of halogens
Authors: Flemetakis Stamatis , Tiraboschi Carla , Rohrbach Arno , Berndt Jasper , Klemme Stephan
Published: July 2022

We present new experimental data on the effect of F on the stability of antigorite and its breakdown products at high pressures (2–6 GPa) and high temperatures (570–850 °C). The experiments show that F does not affect the stability of antigorite, but addition of F to the system affects which minerals are formed when antigorite breaks down. In a F-free system and in a system with intermediate F contents (2 wt% F), antigorite breaks down to olivine and orthopyroxene, but in a F-rich system (5 wt% F), antigorite breaks down to other hydrous and F-bearing mineral assemblages which include chlorite, clinohumite and humite-group minerals (HGM). Since the latter mineral phases are stable at higher pressures and temperatures, and contain more F than antigorite, significant amounts of F and potentially other halogens can be retained in the subducting slab and transported deep into the mantle and possibly even into the Earth’s transition zone.
Urinary extracellular vesicle as a potential biomarker of exercise-induced fatigue in young adult males
Authors: Park Suhong , Moon Hyo Youl
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Previous studies have suggested that circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) arise after high intensity exercise and urine could reflect the plasma proteome. Herein, we investigated the characteristic of urinary EVs from healthy young adult males who had completed a maximal effort exercise test.

Methods

Thirteen healthy men completed a 20 m shuttle run test (20 m SRT). Fresh urine samples were collected at first morning, right after, and 1 h rest after 20 m SRT. Also, blood lactate, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and blood pressure were measured before, right after, and 1 h rest after 20 m SRT. Urinary EVs were analyzed using Exoview instrument and microRNAs (miRNAs) sequencing on urinary EVs were performed.

Results

Urinary EVs increased significantly after exercise and returned to baseline value after 1 h of rest. miRNA sequencing on urinary EV revealed alterations in four miRNAs (1 up and 3 down) and nine miRNAs (2 up and 7 down) in pre- vs. post- and post- vs. post-1 h samples, respectively. Lastly, bioinformatic analysis of urinary EV miRNA suggests that predicted target genes could affect PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and insulin pathways by exercise.

Conclusions

Exercise to voluntary exhaustion increased the number of EVs in urine. Also, miRNAs in urinary EVs were altered after exercise. These findings could indicate the possibility of using the urinary EVs as a novel biomarker of acute exercise-induced fatigue.
Long-term trend of surface relative humidity in Hungary
Authors: Cséplő Anikó , Izsák Beatrix , Geresdi István
Published: July 2022

The long-term trends of relative humidity and its relationship with the long-term change of temperature are some of the unsolved problems of climate research. In this paper, the results of the analysis of long-term changes (1961–2020) in relative humidity and temperature in Hungary are presented. Homogenized station data series were used to perform the analyses. While warming was significant in each season, a significant reduction of relative humidity was observed only in spring and summer. The seasonal variability in the dependence of the change of relative humidity on the change of temperature indicates that the change of temperature directly impacts the change of relative humidity in summer, and the enhancement of evaporation due to the increase of temperature may mitigate the impact of warming in other seasons. Homogenized datasets were used to study the daily variation of the long-term trend of relative humidity. Significant reduction was found at noon in each season, except for autumn. However, the reduction was more scattered during the night, depending on the season and/or the geographical location of the station. The relationship between the surface data and data observed by radio sounding (00 UTC and 12 UTC in time period of 2007–2018) was studied to predict the long-term trends of relative humidity in the lower, 100-m deep layer of planetary boundary layer from the trend of surface relative humidity. The results suggest that this prediction can be reasonable only if daytime trends are considered.