bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study in the Application of Nanotechnology Digital Printing in Clothing Pattern Design
Authors: Lin Ching Hui , Lin Chin Mei
Published: July 2013

Nanotechnology, in the 21st century, is the biggest driving force in the development of technology and industry, which has its wide range of applications. In traditional industries, nanotechnology can be applied to the development of digital printing ink. Digital printing appears as a new printing technology in the 1990s, the 20th century. And in recent years, along with the trends of a global energy saving and carbon reduction, the concept of producing green products with low-carbon, water saving, energy abating, pollution decreasing attributes has arisen. The introduction of digital printing to textiles brings the speed, flexibility, wide areas of color selection, environmental protection and the potential of cost saving etc; the technology becomes a major breakthrough in the textile printing industry. The industry is committed to the technology of environmental friendly digital printing and goes toward to a new pattern of bright future in fashion design. While the globe puts effort to develop digital printing, the core technology should not only focuses on how to come up with high-speed, large amount, low-cost machines, but also the R & D to the making and applications of digital printing, which has a great impact on digital printing quality. At the present, the digital printing ink of the reactive ink / acidic ink is applied to cotton fabrics and the fabrics containing hemp content. The printing process is from the fabric pretreatment → inkjet printing →solid color processing → washing → drying. Moreover, sublimation transfer ink is applied to fabrics containing polyester fiber content; but it cannot be fully colored the fabrics of general 100% cotton and silk, which is the biggest drawback of this sublimation transfer ink. Therefore, this study, primarily through the Nanotechnology with green environmental protection and reduction of carbon from Mimaki Engineering Co., Ltd., captures the moral of the cultural patterns of the local characteristics by the techniques of changing, modeling, designing, and arranging on the patterns of dress design. And it uses computer graphics software, Adobe Photoshop & Illustrator, to draw and trim the separate pattern and the foursquare consecutive pattern for the completion of fashion pattern designs. And it applies the features of the nano pigment ink on the fabrics of cotton, hemp, silk, and polyester fiber to interpret the artistic style of the local through digitized programming language. The importing of nanotechnology refills new sources of industrial competition. This study expects to explore the nanotechnology digital printing and combine with the design of the clothing pattern transforming on the designs, grinding pigment molecules to nano ultra-fine level with reduced light scattering phenomena and good light purity. Fully demonstrating the features of natural bright color, the endurance of pigment water and the light fastness will be able to create a lager space of application and market in the digital printing industry.
The Preparation of Size-Controlled Antimony Nanoparticles by Electrochemical Method
Authors: Xu Jian Lin , Wang Jia , Zhang Li Hui , Niu Lei , Zhang Jian Bin , Ran Fen , Yan Xiao Bin
Published: July 2013

This paper prepared some antimony nanoparticles with different particle size by electrochemical method. A method of preparing size-controlled antimony nanoparticles was established in the hydrochloric acid solution, which alkyphenol ethoxylates emulsifier was used as surface dispersants by electrochemical technology based on the optimization of the preparation technology. Those obtained antimony nanoparticles was characterized and analyzed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experiment results show that alkyphenol ethoxylates emulsifier can effectively coat on the surface of antimony nanoparticles, current density and electrolysis time have an important influence on the particle size of those obtained antimony nanoparticles. When the current density is 25mA/cm2 and electrolysis time is 30minutes, spherical antimony nanoparticles with an average diameter of 12nm and good dispersion can be prepared.
Composite Content Influence on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes-SiO2 Film Humidity Sensors at AC Testing
Authors: Li Tuo , Liu Xiao Wei , Zhao Zhen Gang
Published: July 2013

MWNT –SiO2 composite film humidity sensors with different MWNTs proportions were fabricated and their performances under alternating current testing signals are investigated. Influence of MWNT content on humidity sensing characteristics of the sensors is explored and explained by vapor adsorption and capillary condensation effect. It is proved that 60% MWNT content sensors have humidity sensitivity of 1500% at 400 kHz testing frequency, much higher than those with other MWNT contents. In sensors’ sensitivity-frequency relation, maximum sensitivity comes from frequency section of 400kHz to 500kHz for sensors with higher MWNTs proportions.
Preparation and Characterization of Polyesteramide Composited by Carbon Nanotube
Authors: He Yi , Ma Lan , Hai Peng , Li Jin Bo
Published: July 2013

Polyesteramide (PEA) have good mechanical properties, compositing with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) can further improve the mechanical properties of the polymer. In this paper, PEA/MWNTs were synthesized in-suit using the reinforcement of nanocomposite. SEM and tensile testing were used to characterize the composited polyesteramides. The results show that MWNTs can be uniformly dispersed in the composited polyesteramides, the PEA/MWNTs tensile strength and Elongation at break increased.
Preparation Thin Film Nanocomposite Membrane Incorporating PMMA Modified MWNT for Nanofiltration
Authors: Yu Chang Chao , Yu Hong Wei , Chu Yue Xia , Ruan Hui Min , Shen Jiang Nan
Published: July 2013

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) grafted by Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) can well disperse in organic solutions like toluene，which were synthesized via a microemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of acid-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (c-MWNTs). The polyamide thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes with embedded PMMA-MWNTs were prepared using piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) porous substrate via interfacial polymerization for selective permeability. PMMA-MWNTs’ structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), Raman spectrophotmetry (RAM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Orthogonal experiment was used to study the effect of PIP concentration, TMC concentration and concentration of PMMA-MWNTs in organic phase. The results showed that the membrane performances is good, Na2SO4 rejection is above 98% and water flux is up to 150% improvement over the TFC membrane as PIP in aqueous phase was 2g/L, TMC and PMMA-MWNTs in organic phase were 4g/L and 0.67g/L, respectively . Demonstrated PMMA-MWNTs in the nanofiltration membrane can improve selective permeability.
Research of SPR Phase Detection for Measuring Ultra Thin Metal Film
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Qing Gang , Li Ting Ting
Published: July 2013

SPR phase detection method is adopted in this paper to measure the thickness of nanometer scale metal film. It provided a novel means to calculate the value of thickness through figuring up the relative offset of interference fringes with the TM-polarized and TE-polarized wave reflected from the prism which is covered by a film-substrate step. Simulation results are presented out to illustrate the relations between phase variation and metal film thickness. This method is succeeded in measuring the target metal film with nominal thickness 50 nm and the average measurement value is 50.02 nm. The standard deviation is 0.41 nm and the maximum repeatability error is 0.90 nm.
Structural and Photoluminescence Characteristics of ZnTiO3:Pb2+ Nanofibers Produced by Electrospinning
Authors: Sang Rong Li , Chen Ying , Zhang Qing Jun , Wang Lin
Published: July 2013

By sol-gel processing and electrospinning technique, ultrathin fibers of PVP/ ZnTiO3:Pb2+ composites were synthesized. After calcined of the fibers at 600°C, the spinel ZnTiO3:Pb2+ nanofibers, with a diameter of 100-200nm, were successfully obtained. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) were employed in the study. The results displayed that the morphology and crystalline phase of the fibers were greatly affecteded by the calcination temperature. The PL spectra of the samples measured at different excitation wavelength reveal a novel luminescent phenomenon in blue and green region, which can be attributed to the Pb2+-related charge-transfer transitions in ZnTiO3 nanofibers.
System-Level Simulation and Fabrication of On-Chip Fatigue Bending Test Structure for Micro-Scale Polysilicon Films
Authors: Guan Le , Gao Jia Li , Liu Qi , Li Bin , Chu Jin Kui
Published: July 2013

Two kind of on-chip integrated fatigue bending test structures are designed through system-level simulation method based on macromodels to measure the fracture strength and fatigue mechanical properties of polysilicon thin films. The first on-chip fatigue test structure is actuated by V-beam thermal actuator, and the other test structure actuated by electrostatic comb. The static and dynamic analysis was performed by Coventorware Architect module using self-bulid reduced order model described with the MAST hardware language and some other commercial parts from Coventorware parts library. The structural dimension parameters are determined and optimized according to system-level simulation and the computing result has shown that the self-build macromodels and the on-chip integrated test system are efficient and reliable. Two kinds of polysilicon on-chip fatigue bending test structure were fabricated with two-layer polysilicon surface micromachining process in Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University.
Design and Manufacture of Micro Interference System in Spatial Modulation Fourier Transform Spectrometer
Authors: Lv Jin Guang , Liang Jing Qiu , Liang Zhong Zhu , Qin Yu Xin , Tian Chao , Wang Wei Biao
Published: July 2013

Spatial modulation Fourier transform spectrometer(FTS) based on micro step mirror arrays with high optical path difference sampling precision was a new high-tech measuring instrument. To depress the interferogram aliasing resulted from the chromatic dispersion of beam splitter, considering interferogram contrast reversal as the criterion of image degradation, the thickness difference between beam splitter and compensating plate was determined smaller than 0.2μm. So as to restrain the ghost images induced by secondary reflection on the surface of beam splitter, the transmittance of anti-reflection film should be more than 98% and the transmittance of beam splitter film should be controlled within (50±5) %. Since the restriction of processing method and machining accuracy to micro step mirrors, the thickness deviation and angle deviation existed between various sub-mirrors. After the error synthesis to sub-mirror errors using Monte Carlo method, the tolerance of the thickness deviation and angle deviation was controlled in 1μm and 2×10-5rad. Meanwhile, the step height deviation of micro step mirrors may induce non uniform sampling to interference signal. Thus a spectrum method by least-squares cosines progression arithmetic was advanced and the validity of which was demonstrated well.
Combined Modalities Treatment of Pulmonary Metastasis from an Urachal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Piégay Fabrice , Mornex Jean-François
Published: July 2013

Urachal adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm of the bladder. Most of these tumors arise from urachal remnants in the dome of the bladder and extend into the umbilicus. These tumors can recur and most commonly metastasize to lymph nodes, retroperitoneum, lungs, liver and bone. Here we report a case of an urachal adenocarcinoma followed for seven years with lung metastasis for three years.
Cutaneous Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor in the Palm of an Adult
Authors: Fujioka Masaki , Hayashida Kenji , Murakami Chikako , Hisaoka Masanori , Oda Yoshinao , Ito Masahiro
Published: July 2013

Malignant rhabdoid tumor is a rare tumor occurring mostly in the neonatal kidneys and central nervous system. Cutaneous malignant rhabdoid tumors are extremely rare in adults. The aim of the study was to report on the clinical, histologic, and immunophenotypic characteristics of this cutaneous malignant rhabdoid tumor which developed in an adult. A 27-year-old male complained of a right palm neoplasm that had been present for 6 months, which was initially diagnosed as an epithelioid sarcoma by biopsy. However, detailed investigation with immunohistochemistry enabled us to make a diagnosis of a rhabdoid tumor. The patient underwent radical abrasion, chemotherapy, and irradiation, and has survived for 1 year without relapse. Only 20 adult cases have been reported thus far in the English literature. We are reporting the 21st case, who remains disease-free at 12 months. Complete resection and local irradiation may increase survival, because there is no standard and reliable curative chemotherapeutic regimen.
Soccer-Specific Warm-Up and Lower Extremity Injury Rates in Collegiate Male Soccer Players
Authors: Grooms Dustin R. , Palmer Thomas , Onate James A. , Myer Gregory D. , Grindstaff Terry
Published: July 2013

Context:

A number of comprehensive injury-prevention programs have demonstrated injury risk-reduction effects but have had limited adoption across athletic settings. This may be due to program noncompliance, minimal exercise supervision, lack of exercise progression, and sport specificity. A soccer-specific program described as the F-MARC 11+ was developed by an expert group in association with the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) to require minimal equipment and implementation as part of regular soccer training. The F-MARC 11+ has been shown to reduce injury risk in youth female soccer players but has not been evaluated in an American male collegiate population.

Objective:

To investigate the effects of a soccer-specific warm-up program (F-MARC 11+) on lower extremity injury incidence in male collegiate soccer players.

Design:

Cohort study.

Setting:

One American collegiate soccer team followed for 2 seasons.

Patients or Other Participants:

Forty-one male collegiate athletes aged 18–25 years.

Intervention(s):

The F-MARC 11+ program is a comprehensive warm-up program targeting muscular strength, body kinesthetic awareness, and neuromuscular control during static and dynamic movements. Training sessions and program progression were monitored by a certified athletic trainer.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Lower extremity injury risk and time lost to lower extremity injury.

Results:

The injury rate in the referent season was 8.1 injuries per 1000 exposures with 291 days lost and 2.2 injuries per 1000 exposures and 52 days lost in the intervention season. The intervention season had reductions in the relative risk (RR) of lower extremity injury of 72% (RR = 0.28, 95% confidence interval = 0.09, 0.85) and time lost to lower extremity injury (P < .01).

Conclusions:

This F-MARC 11+ program reduced overall risk and severity of lower extremity injury compared with controls in collegiate-aged male soccer athletes.
Exodus of clergy: A practical theological grounded theory exploration of Hatfield Training Centre trained pastors
Authors: Joynt Shaun , Dreyer Yolanda
Published: July 2013

There is a shortage of clergy, at least in the Roman Catholic Church. Protestant churches in general are experiencing more of a distribution or placement challenge than a shortage. The two greatest hindrances to addressing the Protestant clergy distribution challenge are a lack of adequate compensation for clergy and the undesirable geographical location of a number of churches, as perceived by clergy. Influences such as secularisation, duality of vocation, time management, change in type of ministry, family issues, congregational and denominational conflict, burnout, sexual misconduct, divorce or marital problems, and suicide, affect clergy. Studies on the shortage of clergy have been conducted mostly in the USA and Europe and not in South Africa. This article focuses on the research gap by means of a practical theological grounded theory exploration of the exodus of clergy. Grounded theory methodology is used to identify the reasons why clergy trained at a Bible college of a Protestant charismatic mega church leave full-time pastoral ministry. Findings correspond to previous studies with two reasons appearing more frequently than others: responding to a call and leadership related issues. Firstly, respondents differed in their replies with respect to reconciling their exit from full-time pastoral ministry with their call. The replies included not being called, a dual call, or called but left anyway. Secondly, respondents indicated that leadership influence was mostly negative with regard to affirming their call.
IMF Survey, Volume 30, Issue 01
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Published: July 2013

The Web edition of the IMF Survey is updated several times a week, and contains a wealth of articles about topical policy and economic issues in the news. Access the latest IMF research, read interviews, and listen to podcasts given by top IMF economists on important issues in the global economy. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
Immersion freezing of water and aqueous ammonium sulfate droplets initiated by humic-like substances as a function of water activity
Authors: Rigg Y. J. , Alpert P. A. , Knopf D. A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Immersion freezing of water and aqueous (NH4)2SO4 droplets containing leonardite (LEO) and Pahokee peat (PP) serving as surrogates for humic-like substances (HULIS) has been investigated. Organic aerosol containing HULIS are ubiquitous in the atmosphere; however, their potential for ice cloud formation is uncertain. Immersion freezing has been studied for temperatures as low as 215 K and solution water activity, aw, from 0.85 to 1.0. The freezing temperatures of water and aqueous solution droplets containing LEO and PP are 5–15 K warmer than homogeneous ice nucleation temperatures. Heterogeneous freezing temperatures can be represented by a horizontal shift of the ice melting curve as a function of solution aw by Δaw = 0.2703 and 0.2466, respectively. Corresponding hetrogeneous ice nucleation rate coefficients, Jhet, are (9.6 ± 2.5)×104 and (5.4 ± 1.4)×104 cm−2 s−1 for LEO and PP containing droplets, respectively, and remain constant along freezing curves characterized by Δaw. Consequently predictions of freezing temperatures and kinetics can be made without knowledge of the solute type when relative humidity and ice nuclei (IN) surface areas are known. The acquired ice nucleation data are applied to evaluate different approaches to fit and reproduce experimentally derived frozen fractions. In addition, we apply a basic formulation of classical nucleation theory (α(T)-model) to calculate contact angles and frozen fractions. Contact angles calculated for each ice nucleus as a function of temperature, α(T)-model, reproduce exactly experimentally derived frozen fractions without involving free-fit parameters. However, assigning the IN a single contact angle for the entire population (single-α model) is not suited to represent the frozen fractions. Application of α-PDF, active sites, and deterministic model approaches to measured frozen fractions yield similar good representations. Furthermore, when using a single parameterization of α-PDF or active sites distribution to fit all individual aw immersion freezing data simultaneously, frozen fraction curves are not reproduced. This implies that these fitting formulations cannot be applied to immersion freezing of aqueous solutions, and suggests that derived fit parameters do not represent independent particle properties. Thus, from fitting frozen fractions only, the underlying ice nucleation mechanism and nature of the ice nucleating sites cannot be inferred. In contrast to using fitted functions obtained to represent experimental conditions only, we suggest to use experimentally derived Jhet as a function of temperature and aw that can be applied to conditions outside of those probed in laboratory. This is because Jhet(T) is independent of time and IN surface areas in contrast to the fit parameters obtained by representation of experimentally derived frozen fractions.
Particle hygroscopicity during atmospheric new particle formation events: implications for the chemical species contributing to particle growth
Authors: Wu Z. , Birmili W. , Poulain L. , Wang Z. , Merkel M. , Fahlbusch B. , van Pinxteren D. , Herrmann H. , Wiedensohler A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This study examines the hygroscopicity of newly formed particles (diameters range 25–45 nm) during two atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) events in the German mid-level mountains during the Hill Cap Cloud Thuringia 2010 (HCCT-2010) field experiment. At the end of the NPF event involving clear particle growth, we measured an unusually high soluble particle fraction of 58.5% at 45 nm particle size. The particle growth rate contributed through sulfuric acid condensation only accounts for around 6.5% of the observed growth rate. Estimations showed that sulfuric acid condensation explained, however, only around 10% of that soluble particle fraction. Therefore, the formation of additional water-soluble matter appears imperative to explain the missing soluble fraction. Although direct evidence is missing, we consider water-soluble organics as candidates for this mechanism. For the case with clear growth process, the particle growth rate was determined by two alternative methods based on tracking the mode diameter of the nucleation mode. The mean particle growth rate obtained from the inter-site data comparison using Lagrangian consideration is 3.8 (± 2.6) nm h−1. During the same period, the growth rate calculated based on one site data is 5.0 nm h−1 using log-normal distribution function method. In light of the fact that considerable uncertainties could be involved in both methods, we consider both estimated growth rates consistent.
Technical Note: Estimating aerosol effects on cloud radiative forcing
Authors: Ghan S. J.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Estimating anthropogenic aerosol effects on the planetary energy balance through the aerosol influence on clouds using the difference in cloud radiative forcing from simulations with and without anthropogenic emissions produces estimates that are positively biased. A more representative method is suggested using the difference in cloud radiative forcing calculated as a diagnostic with aerosol scattering and absorption neglected. The method also yields an aerosol radiative forcing decomposition that includes a term quantifying the impact of changes in surface albedo. The method requires only two additional diagnostic calculations: the whole-sky and clear-sky top-of-atmosphere radiative flux with aerosol scattering and absorption neglected.
Modelling soil bulk density at the landscape scale and its contributions to C stock uncertainty
Authors: Taalab K. P. , Corstanje R. , Creamer R. , Whelan M. J.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Soil bulk density (Db) is a major contributor to uncertainties in landscape-scale carbon and nutrient stock estimation. However, it is time consuming to measure and is, therefore, frequently predicted using surrogate variables, such as soil texture. Using this approach is of limited value for estimating landscape-scale inventories, as its accuracy beyond the sampling point at which texture is measured becomes highly uncertain. In this paper, we explore the ability of soil landscape models to predict soil Db using a suite of landscape attributes and derivatives for both topsoil and subsoil. The models were constructed using random forests and artificial neural networks. Using these statistical methods, we have produced a spatially distributed prediction of Db on a 100 m × 100 m grid, which was shown to significantly improve topsoil carbon stock estimation. In comparison to using mean values from point measurements, stratified by soil class, we found that the gridded method predicted Db more accurately, especially for higher and lower values within the range. Within our study area of the Midlands, UK, we found that the gridded prediction of Db produced a stock inventory of over 1 million tonnes of carbon greater than the stratified mean method. Furthermore, the 95% confidence interval associated with total C stock prediction was almost halved by using the gridded method. The gridded approach was particularly useful in improving organic carbon (OC) stock estimation for fine-scale landscape units at which many landscape–atmosphere interaction models operate.
Acquisition of intact polar lipids from the Prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis globosa by its lytic virus PgV-07T
Authors: Maat D. S. , Bale N. J. , Hopmans E. C. , Baudoux A.-C. , Sinninghe Damsté J. S. , Schouten S. , Brussaard C. P. D.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Recent studies showed changes in phytoplankton lipid composition during viral infection and have indicated roles for specific lipids in the mechanisms of algal virus-host interaction. To investigate the generality of these findings and obtain a better understanding of the allocation of specific lipids to viruses, we studied the intact polar lipid (IPL) composition of virally infected and non-infected cultures of the Prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis globosa G(A) and its lytic virus PgV-07T. The P. globosa IPL composition was relatively stable over a diel cycle and not strongly affected by viral infection. Glycolipids, phospholipids and betaine lipids were present in both the host and virus, although specific groups such as the diacylglyceryl-hydroxymethyltrimethyl-β-alanines and the sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols, were present in a lower proportion or were not detected in the virus. Viral glycosphingolipids (vGSLs), which have been shown to play a role in the infection strategy of the virus EhV-86, infecting the Prymnesiophyte Emiliania huxleyi CCMP374, were not encountered. Our results show that the involvement of lipids in virus-algal host interactions can be very different amongst virus-algal host systems.
MULTI-SOURCE REMOTE SENSING IMAGES MATCHING BASED ON IMPROVED KAZE ALGORITHM
Authors: Wang Z.-W. , Wang H. B. , Wang G.-H. , Li C.-H. , Yang H.C.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. SIFT as the representative of the same feature point extraction and matching algorithm has been widely applied in the field of multisource remote sensing image matching. However, it eliminates noise and detects features at different scale levels by building or approximating the Gaussian scale space based on linear. Gaussian blurring does not respect the natural boundaries of objects and smoothes to the same degree details and noise, reducing localization accuracy. To solve this problem, we proposed an improved KAZE algorithm which can build stable nonlinear scale space. Firstly, the extreme points are detected through building stable nonlinear scale space. Secondly, The match result by optimizing the feature points and strictly limiting matching threshold is used to calculate geometric transformation model parameters between two image. Finally, we can use this geometric transformation model to restrict the search space for feature points matching. Experimental results show that the improved KAZE algorithm is significantly better than the before KAZE. Moreover, for detail and texture blurred images, KAZE and its improved algorithm have unique advantages compared to the SIFT.
CHANGE DETECTION OF MULTI-POLARIMETRIC SAR DATA BASED ON PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Chen X. , Wu T. , Niu N.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Recently, Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) techniques have been much studied as hot research topics in the area of SAR. The objective of this paper is to assess the Principal component analysis (PCA) technique combining with multi-polarimetric SAR data for change detection. PCA proposed in this paper give an effective and quick way to achieve the difference map from the whole multi-temporal images, and while the multi-polarimetric SAR present more information than traditional single-polarimetric SAR and can give an accurate result for change detection. Finally, the simulated multi-temporal SAR images from ERS are used to validate the PCA technique, and then ENVISAT dual-pol SAR data and ALOS PALSAR full-pol SAR data are applied to present the preliminary results of change detection. The results show that the polarimetric PCA technique proposed here has a good performance on those experimental SAR data, because it take full advantage of two components corresponding to unchanged and changed portion and the polarimetric information.
SIMULATION STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF SAND DIGGING AND HEAPING ON SAR IMAGING IN THE PEARL RIVER ESTUARY
Authors: Wang X. , Zhang H. , Fu B. , Guan W. , Shi A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. There are frequent sand digging and heaping activities in shoal in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). Water depth has changed in patches, which can be imaged by synthetic aperture radar (SAR). According to SAR imaging mechanism of underwater bathymetry, a 3-D hydrodynamic model is used to demonstrate the temporal variations of the shoal topography changes due to sand digging and heaping. A microwave radar imaging of oceanic surface’s program is used to simulate the variation of normalized radar cross section (NRCS) induced by the ocean surface current. The simulation is carried out to study the digging-heaping shape, water depth changes on SAR imaging of shoal bathymetry. Results indicate several points as followings. 1. Circle-shaped sand digging and heaping are imaged clearer by SAR than other shapes. 2. Sand heaping has a greater effect on SAR imaging than sand digging. 3. Bigger depth change induces bigger NRCS variation.
ANALYSIS ON THE CHANGE OF VEGETATION COVERAGE IN QINGHAI PROVINCE FROM 2000 TO 2012
Authors: Wang J. , Yan Q. , Liu Z. , Luo C.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Qinghai Province is one of the important provinces on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Its unique alpine meadow ecosystem makes it become the most concentrated areas of biodiversity in high altitudes in the world. Researching the vegetation coverage and changes of Qinghai province can reflect effectively and timely processing of changes and problems of ecological quality in the region. This research will give a long time series monitoring of the vegetation coverage of Qinghai province based on maximum value composite (MVC) and S-G filtering algorithm using MODIS data of the year of 2000–2012, then analyze the change using coefficient of variability(CV) and trend line analysis. According to research, during the past 13 years, more than half of Qinghai Province’s vegetation coverage is well, both the east and south have a high coverage, while the northwest is lower. The changing of vegetation coverage also has showed a steady and improving trend in 13 years. The largest area is slight improved area is about 29.08% of the total area, and the second largest area is significant improved area is about 21.09% of the total area. In this research can learn directly the vegetation coverage and changes of Qinghai province and provide reference and scientific basis for the protection and governance of ecological environment.
COMPARISON OF TWO PHASE UNWRAPPING METHODS FOR PSP TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
Authors: Wu J. , Zhang L. , Zhao J. , Sowter A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Phase unwrapping is a key issue for PSP (Permanent Scatters Pairs) time series analysis. In this paper, the LLL method and grid search method are applied for determining elevation error and velocity difference in LOS for each PSP, and the RMS is used to assess the correctness of the solution. The Delaunay triangulation is used to formulate PSPs, which are used to unwrap elevations and velocities of all PSs with respect to a given reference point. The simulation examples with real SAR satellite orbits show that if the atmosphere noise is less than 2 radians and the random noise is less than 10 degrees, LLL method can obtain correct solution while grid search can obtain solution with a small error probability.
THE MULTI-LEVEL AND MULTI-SCALE FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR SOIL MOISTURE INFORMATION EXTRACTION BY MULTI-SOURCE REMOTE SENSING DATA
Authors: Yu F. , Li H. T. , Jia Y. , Han Y. S. , Gu H. Y.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The research on coupling both data source is very important for improving the accuracy of Image information interpretation and target recognition. In this paper a classifier is presented, which is based on integration of both active and passive remote sensing data and the Maximum Likelihood classification for inversion of soil moisture and this method is tested in Heihe river basin, a semi-arid area in the north-west of china. In the algorithm the wavelet transform and IHS are combined to integrate TM3, TM4, TM5 and ASAR data. The method of maximum distance substitution in local region is adopted as the fusion rule for prominent expression of the detailed information in the fusion image, as well as the spectral information of TM can be retained. Then the new R, G, B components in the fusion image and the TM6 is taken as the input to the Maximum Likelihood classification, and the output corresponds to five different categories according to different grades of soil moisture. The field measurements are carried out for validation of the method. The results show that the accuracy of completely correct classification is 66.3%, and if the discrepancy within one grade was considered to be acceptable, the precision is as high as 92.6%. Therefore the classifier can effectively be used to reflect the distribution of soil moisture in the study area.
Remote Sensing Image Fusion Based on Discrete Fractional Random Transform for Modified IHS
Authors: Guo Q. , Li A. , Zhang H. Q. , Feng Z. K.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The traditional IHS fusion, as a spatial domain method, mostly achieves the good spatial quality but the spectral distortion. The discrete fractional random transform (DFRNT) fusion, as a transform domain method, can maintain the high spectral information. Thus, in this paper, we propose a combined DFRNT-IHS approach to obtain good spectral quality and high spatial quality. Moreover, instead of fusion in spatial domain or transform domain respectively as in the conventional way, the proposed DFRNT-IHS approach is for joint spatial and transform domain. Real multi-spectral and panchromatic images are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The fused images are found to preserve both the spectral information of the multi-spectral image and the high spatial resolution information of the panchromatic image more effectively than several existing image fusion techniques. Spectrum distribution of DFRNT is random and dispersive, which guarantees low spectral distortion and certain robustness.
A ROBUST PCT METHOD BASED ON COMPLEX LEAST SQUARES ADJUSTMENT METHOD
Authors: Haiqiang F. , Jianjun Z. , Changcheng W. , Qinghua X. , Rong Z.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Polarization Coherence Tomography (PCT) method has the good performance in deriving the vegetation vertical structure. However, Errors caused by temporal decorrelation and vegetation height and ground phase always propagate to the data analysis and contaminate the results. In order to overcome this disadvantage, we exploit Complex Least Squares Adjustment Method to compute vegetation height and ground phase based on Random Volume over Ground and Volume Temporal Decorrelation (RVoG + VTD) model. By the fusion of different polarimetric InSAR data, we can use more observations to obtain more robust estimations of temporal decorrelation and vegetation height, and then, we introduce them into PCT to acquire more accurate vegetation vertical structure. Finally the new approach is validated on E-SAR data of Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. The results demonstrate that the robust method can greatly improve accusation of vegetation vertical structure.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN PAIR-POINT CLIQUE AND MULTI-POINT CLIQUE MARKOV RANDOM FIELD MODELS FOR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Hu B. , Li P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Markov random field (MRF) is an effective method for description of local spatial-temporal dependence of image and has been widely used in land cover classification and change detection. However, existing studies only use pair-point clique (PPC) to describe spatial dependence of neighbouring pixels, which may not fully quantify complex spatial relations, particularly in high spatial resolution images. In this study, multi-point clique (MPC) is adopted in MRF model to quantitatively express spatial dependence among pixels. A modified least squares fit (LSF) method based on robust estimation is proposed to calculate potential parameters for MRF models with different types. The proposed MPC-MRF method is evaluated and quantitatively compared with traditional PPCMRF in urban land cover classification using high resolution hyperspectral HYDICE data of Washington DC. The experimental results revealed that the proposed MPC-MRF method outperformed the traditional PPC-MRF method in terms of classification details. The MPC-MRF provides a sophisticated way of describing complex spatial dependence for relevant applications.
RESEARCH OF MULTI-BASELINE INSAR ELEVATION INVERSION BASED ON MLHE METHOD
Authors: Hua F. , Zhang J. , Hunag G.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In this paper, we studied on Maximum Likelihood Height Estimate (MLHE) method to invert elevation using Multi-Baseline InSAR (MB-InSAR) Data. Then a set of simulated data were adopted to do the experiment to illustrate its availability. Meanwhile, this paper also presents the advantages and disadvantages of this approach with analysis of the influence of phase, baseline and range error on elevation inversion, as well as the following attention.
APPLICATION OF DATA FUSION IN THE PRODUCTION AND UPDATING OF SPATIAL DATA
Authors: Chen H. , Sun Q. , Xu L. , Xiong Z.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The increasing spatial data provide abundant material for data fusion, and the purpose of the paper is to apply data fusion into the production and updating of spatial data. After outlining the general framework and workflow, the processing contents and methods are specified in sequence. Facing various spatial data from different sources, how to design proper data fusion scheme is the toppriority problem. The method of analyzing and assessing various spatial data is introduced referring to images, which is shown by concrete examples. Then the technical workflow of multi-source data integration is present to eliminate differences and relevant contents are also specified. After building the relationships of homologous entities through spatial data matching, the data fusion which is similar to cartographic generalization in essence can be implemented. Different ways of updating spatial data is introduced to keep the currency of existing data. At last, the spatial data with good quality can be obtained. The efficient and reliability of the methodology in this paper has been proved through practical production.
RESEARCH ON ESTIMATION CROP PLANTING AREA BY INTEGRATING THE OPTICAL AND MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING DATA
Authors: Jia Y. , Yu F.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Considering the problem in monitoring agricultural condition in the semi-arid areas of Northwest of China, we propose a new method for estimation of crop planting area, using the single phase optical and microwave remote sensing data collaboratively, which have demonstrated their respective advantages in the extraction of surface features. In the model, the ASAR backscatter coefficient is normalized by the incident angle at first, then the classifier based on Bayesian network is developed, and the VV, VH polarization of ASAR and all the 7 TM bands are taken as the input of the classifier to get the class labels of each pixel of the images. Moreover the crop planting areas can be extracted by the classification results. At last, the model is validated for the necessities of normalization by the incident angle and integration of TM and ASAR respectively. It results that the estimation accuracy of crop planting area of corn and other crops garden are 98.47% and 78.25% respectively using the proposed method, with an improvement of estimation accuracy of about 3.28% and 4.18% relative to single TM classification. These illustrate that synthesis of optical and microwave remote sensing data is efficient and potential in estimation crop planting area.
STUDY ON THE TECHNOLOGY AND METHOD OF LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION FOR GEOGRAPHIC NATIONAL CONDITIONS SURVEYING
Authors: Jia Y. , Li H. T. , Gu H. Y. , Han Y. S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Land Cover is the basis of geographic national conditions monitoring, extracting land cover information timely and accurately has become one of important tasks in the geographic national conditions surveying project. For the current situation of complex land cover type and large amount of data, there has emerged various new classification techniques and methods. However, the big difficult of classification，the large amount of data, the heavy workload of post-editing and other factors have seriously hampered the progress of the project. In this paper, it chooses high-resolution remote sensing image as original data, comprehensivly elaborates present research situation of oriented land cover classification. By the systematical analysis and summary of the basic and key problems of the land cover classification technology, relying on the geographic national information classification and standard system, discusses the available methods preliminarily to improve the accuracy of land cover classification which based on geographic national conditions surveying.
HIGH RESOLUTION POLSAR IMAGE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON GENETIC ALGORITHM AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
Authors: Li P. X. , Sun W. D. , Yang J. , Shi L. , Lang F. K. , Jiang W.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This paper focuses on backscattering mechanisms selection and supervised classification works for CETC38-X PolSAR image. Thanks to the high radar resolution, many classes of man-made objects are visible in the images. So, land-use classification becomes a more meanful application using PolSAR image, but it involves the selection of classifiers and backscattering mechanisms. In this paper we apply SVM as the classifier and GA as the features selection method. Finally, after we find the best parameters and the suitable polarimetric information, the overall accuracy is up to 97.49%. The result shows SVM is an effective algorithm compared to Wishart and BP classifiers.
A MODIFIED METHOD FOR POLARIMETRIC SAR CALIBRATION ALGORITHM
Authors: Liao L. , Li P. , Yang J.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Present fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems often update calibration techniques to further enhance the accuracy to the polarimetric data. In this paper, we propose a modified method to estimate the value of crosstalk based on the corrected observed value. Since Ainsworth calibration algorithm firstly set the value of k to be one. And the value of k relates to the copolarization channel imbalance .We consider the effects of value of k and analyze it. Through comparison to crosstalk results between the stimulated parameters and the estimated parameters, we assume high co-polarization channel imbalance will be obviously to affect crosstalk results. Then, used covariance observation value of the initial value of k rewrites the model to solve related parameters. And crosstalk parameter is calculated by the same iterative method. To verify the effect of the modified calibration method, this letter compares the accuracy of the two methods using the simulated polarimetric SAR data and Chinese airborne X-band polarimetric SAR data. The results confirm that the modified method tends to get more accurate crosstalk results.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON ACCURACY OF AEROTRIANGULATION FOR UAV IMAGERY
Authors: Ling L. , Ying-Cheng L. , Xiao-Bo D.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In this paper, the experimental research utilized UAV imageries of two areas, assessed the accuracy of aerial triangulation on the basis of different photo-control points distributions using two kinds of software (Geolord-AT and PixelGrid). The experimental results show that the accuracy of aerotriangulation of UAV imagery can be satifactory to the accuracy of 1:500 scale topographic maps in the intensive control conditions. The experimental processing steps and results provide experience and reference for production.
The UBO-TSUFD tsunami inundation model: validation and application to a tsunami case study focused on the city of Catania, Italy
Authors: Tinti S. , Tonini R.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Nowadays numerical models are a powerful tool in tsunami research since they can be used (i) to reconstruct modern and historical events, (ii) to cast new light on tsunami sources by inverting tsunami data and observations, (iii) to build scenarios in the frame of tsunami mitigation plans, and (iv) to produce forecasts of tsunami impact and inundation in systems of early warning. In parallel with the general recognition of the importance of numerical tsunami simulations, the demand has grown for reliable tsunami codes, validated through tests agreed upon by the tsunami community. This paper presents the tsunami code UBO-TSUFD that has been developed at the University of Bologna, Italy, and that solves the non-linear shallow water (NSW) equations in a Cartesian frame, with inclusion of bottom friction and exclusion of the Coriolis force, by means of a leapfrog (LF) finite-difference scheme on a staggered grid and that accounts for moving boundaries to compute sea inundation and withdrawal at the coast. Results of UBO-TSUFD applied to four classical benchmark problems are shown: two benchmarks are based on analytical solutions, one on a plane wave propagating on a flat channel with a constant slope beach; and one on a laboratory experiment. The code is proven to perform very satisfactorily since it reproduces quite well the benchmark theoretical and experimental data. Further, the code is applied to a realistic tsunami case: a scenario of a tsunami threatening the coasts of eastern Sicily, Italy, is defined and discussed based on the historical tsunami of 11 January 1693, i.e. one of the most severe events in the Italian history.
Implications of spatial distribution of rockfall reconstructed by dendrogeomorphological methods
Authors: Šilhán K. , Pánek T. , Hradecký J.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Rockfall is a dangerous geomorphological process. The prediction of potentially threatened areas requires thorough reconstruction of spatial rockfall activity. Dendrogeomorphic methods allow precise determination of both temporal and spatial occurrences of rockfall without the necessity of long-term monitoring. At the case-study site of Taraktash, located among southern slopes of the Crimean Mountains, 114 Crimean pine trees (Pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana) were sampled on a talus slope located under a 150 m high rockwall. Based on their age, the trees were divided into two distinct groups (young and old trees). Considerable disturbance in the age structure of the trees on the talus was probably caused by a series of strong earthquakes. Major differences were identified in the ability of young and old trees to record a rockfall event. We found that in the first decades of their growth, the ability of the studied P. nigra to record rockfall events gradually increased. The trees showed the highest sensitivity at the age of 80 to 90 yr; after that age their sensitivity gradually decreases. Two indicators were selected for the spatial reconstruction of rockfall events (the number of rockfall events per tree and recurrence interval). The highest activity was identified on the talus using selected indicators.