bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fârâbî’de Mantık Bilimine İlişkin Bazı Temel Meseleler
Authors: ECE Muhammet Nasih
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışma, Fârâbî’nin düşüncesinde bir bilim olarak mantığın mahiyeti, konusu, konumu ve yararı gibi mantık bilimine ilişkin temel meseleleri ele almaktadır. Mantık, yanlış yapmanın mümkün olduğu her yerde sahip olduğu ilkelerle doğruya yönlendiren ve akıl ile çıkarsama özelliğine sahip olan her bilgide insanı yanılmaktan koruyan bir yöntemdir. Mantığın bu işlevi onun konusundan gelir. Mantığın temel konusu ise akledilirler ve akledilirlere ilişen ikinci akledilirlerdir. İnsanın sahip olduğu bilgilerin düzen ve sistem kazanması anlamına gelen mantığın bu hususiyeti, onu tüm bilgi ve bilimlerin ölçüsü haline getirmektedir. Konusundan dolayı da mantık biliminin konumu, yani diğer felsefî disiplin ve bilimlerle ilişkisi şekillenmektedir. Fârâbî’nin nazarında mantık bilimi, kimi yaklaşımların aksine felsefenin bir disiplini değildir. Kendine has konusuyla müstakil bir bilim, müstesna konusundan dolayı da tüm felsefî disiplin ve bilimlerin yöntem bilimi konumundadır. Mantık bilimi, edindiği konu ve sahip olduğu konumdan dolayı felsefî ve bilimsel mevzular dahil tüm konuşma ve yazışmaları yanlıştan koruyarak doğruya yöneltmek gibi üstün yararlar sağlamaktadır. Mantığın bilinmemesi durumunda ise faydaların aksine zararlar meydana gelecektir. Bu nedenle herhangi bir alana ilişkin sistemli bir bilgi kuramı, imkânsız hale gelecektir. Bilimin akledilirlerle başladığı düşünüldüğünde, bütün bilimler içinde akledilirlerin eklentilerini konu edinen mantık, alternatifsiz bir konuma yerleşmekte ve böylelikle onun öğrenilmesi kaçınılmaz olarak öncelikli hale gelmektedir.
Osmanlı Hukuk Tarihinde Öncü Bir İsim: Timurtaşi Üzerine Biyografik Bir İnceleme
Authors: GÜMAN Osman , SEZER Ayşe
Published: April 2019

Hicrî X. (m. XVI.) Yüzyılda yaşayan Timurtâşî; akâid, fıkıh, fıkıh usulü, kelam ve Arap dili alanlarında eserler vermiş ve Hanefiler arasında meşhur olmuş bir fakihtir. Doğumu 939/1532-1533 yılında Gazze’de doğan Timurtâşî’ye doğum yerine nispetle el-Gazzî denir. Tam adı Ebu Sâlih Şeyhülislâm Muhammed İbn Abdullah İbn Ahmed İbn Muhammed İbn [Muhammed İbn] İbrahim [İbn Halil İbn Timurtâş] el-Umerî el-Gazzî et-Timurtâşî’dir. Osmanlı’da Kanûnî ve III. Mehmet dönemlerini görmesine rağmen Gazze’de yaşaması ve merkezden uzak olması sebebiyle devlet olaylarına uzak kalmıştır. İlmî amaçla Mısır ve Şam gibi ilim merkezlerini ziyaret eden fakih, döneminin tanınmış simalarından olan İbn Nüceym’e öğrenci olmuş ve hocasına ait fetvâları derlemiştir. Genellikle Tenvîru’l-ebsâr isimli eseriyle tanındığı için bu esere nisbetle “Sahibu Tenvîri’l-ebsâr” da denir. Kaleme aldığı bu eseri Haskefî ve İbn Âbidîn gibi tanınmış fakihler tarafından itibar görmüştür. Klasik dönemde pek çok esere nasip olmayacak bir ilgiye mazhar olan bu eser üzerine pek çok şerh ve haşiye yazılmıştır. Fetâvâ isimli eseriyle fetvâ ve fetvâ usülü alanında müftülere rehber olmuş, el-Vüsûl ilâ kavâidi’l-usûl adlı eseriyle de usûl-füru ilişkisini inceleyen tahrîcü’l-füru’ ale’l-usûl literatürüne katkıda bulunmuştur. 1007/1599 yılında Gazze’de vefat etmiş olması kuvvetle muhtemeldir. Farklı alanlarda eğitim alan Timurtâşî; fıkıh, usul, kelam, tasavvuf, dil ve edebiyat alanlarına dair pek çok esere imza atan velud bir alimdir.
Mâtürîdî'nin Kur'an Yorumuna İlişkin Tercihlerinde Akıl Kriteri
Authors: NAROL Süleyman
Published: April 2019

Kur'an yorumunda nakil ile aklı birlikte kullanan Mâtürîdî Ehl-i sünnet kelamının sistemleşmesine katkı sunduğu gibi onun tefsir anlayışına da farklı bir soluk getirmiştir. Mâtürîdî tefsirde nakil ile birlikte aklı dengeli bir şekilde kullanarak, Kur'an'a rasyonel yaklaşımın sembolü olmuş olan Mu'tezile ile nakle sıkı sıkıya bağlı olan selef âlimleri arasında mutedil bir düşünce sistemi inşa etmeyi başarmıştır.Kur'an ayetlerinin yorumuna ilişkin kendi görüşünü birtakım kriterlere göre doğrudan ortaya koyan Mâtürîdî, pek çok ayetin tefsirinde ise kendisinden önceki müfessirlerin yaklaşımlarını aktarıp bunlar arasında tercihte bulunurken ya da ayetin anlamına ilişkin birden fazla ihtimalin söz konusu olduğu durumlarda Kur'an, sünnet, sahabe sözleri, kıraatler, dil ve Arap şiiri gibi kıstaslara göre tercihini belirlemiştir. Mâtürîdî’nin Kur'an yorumları arasında seçim yaparken esas aldığı kriterlerden birisi de akıldır. Müfessir, farklı görüşler/ihtimaller arasında aklı bir kriter olarak kabul ederken Kur'an'ın bütünlüğüne dikkat etmiştir. Kur'an'ın bütünlüğünü esas alma imkânı olmayan yerlerde ise arka planında ait olduğu kelâmî paradigmanın izleri olan yorumlar yaptığı görülmektedir. Mâtürîdînin akli izahlarının gerisinde kelamın temel konularından olan Allah’ın fiilleri, halku ef‘ali’l-‘ibâd, Allah’ın sıfatları, özellikle de, irade ve meşiet meselesi, Peygamberlerin sıfatları ve lütuf vb. meseleler yer almaktadır.Gerek müfessirlerin yorumları arasında tercihte bulunurken, gerekse doğru olması muhtemel anlamlar arasından seçimini yaparken ortaya koyduğu akli gerekçelerinde genel olarak isabetli yaklaşımlar sergileyen Mâtürîdî, bazen de sadece akıl zaviyesinden bakması neticesinde lafızların zahirini ve bağlamını dikkatten kaçırmış ve hatalı tercihlerde bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada Mâtürîdî‘nin Te’vîlâtü’l-Kur'an’da naklettiği görüşler arasında aklı esas alarak yaptığı tercihlerin arka planı tartışmaya açılarak onun Kur'an yorumuna ilişkin yaptığı yorumlar eleştirel bir bakışla ele alınacaktır.
Convergence of Î²-Modified Jacobi-Perron Algorithm over the Field of Formal Power Series
Authors: Chandoul Amara , Aljuaydi Fahad
Published: April 2019

The aim of this paper is to study multidimentional $\beta$-continued fraction algorithm over the field of formal power series. In the case of the Modified Jacobi-Perron algorithm, we prove that it converges.
On a Nonsingular Equation of Length 9 Over Torsion Free Groups
Authors: Anwar M. Fazeel , Bibi Mairaj , Akram Muhammad Saeed
Published: April 2019

In \cite{levin}, Levin conjectured that every equation is solvable over a torsion free group. In this paper we consider a nonsingular equation $g_{1}tg_{2}t g_{3}t g_{4} t g_{5} t g_{6} t^{-1} g_{7} t g_{8}t \\ g_{9}t^{-1} = 1$ of length $9$ and show that it is solvable over torsion free groups modulo some exceptional cases.
Rough Spaces on Covering Based Rough Sets
Authors: Alharbi Nof , Aydi Hassen , Ã–zel Cenap
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we discuss open (closed) sets, rough interiors, rough closures, continuous mappings,Â  open (closed) mappings and homeomorphism mappings ofÂ  covering based rough topology of Akduman, Ã–zcelik and Ã–zel. We also construct the nano topology on a given covering based rough set.
Tinjauan Teologis terhadap Wacana Penerapan Hukuman Mati bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia
Authors: Sutoyo Daniel
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Corruption is a crucial problem as if there was never a solution. The impact of criminal acts of corruption on the state can lead to the misery of its people, can undermine economic growth, can exacerbate poverty and political instability. With the danger caused by the crime of corruption, a discourse emerged on the application of the death penalty for perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption to give a deterrent effect to the perpetrators. However, the discourse was not approved by the human rights activists on the grounds that the death penalty had no connection with deterrent effect, but instead the death penalty had a negative impact on the country. The purpose of this article is to examine the biblical view of the death penalty discourse on corruptors. The research method used to achieve these goals was through literature study and biblical interpretation. The results showed that corruption was a major crime according to the Bible and therefore the death penalty deserves to be applied. Death sentences against corruptors was not on contrary to love, and on the other hand show the holiness of God who does not compromise to sin.Abstrak. Tindak pidana korupsi menjadi masalah krusial yang seolah-olah tidak pernah ada penyelesaiannya. Dampak tindak pidana korupsi bagi negara dapat menimbulkan kesengsaraan rakyatnya, dapat meruntuhkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, dapat memperburuk kemiskinan dan ketidakstabilan politik. Dengan adanya bahaya yang diakibatkan tindak pidana korupsi tersebut, maka muncul wacana penerapan hukuman mati bagi pelaku tindak pidana korupsi untuk memberikan efek jera bagi pelakunya. Namun demikian, wacana tersebut tidak disetujui oleh kelompok pegiat HAM dengan alasan hukuman mati tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kejeraan, tetapi sebaliknya hukuman mati justru berdampak buruk pada negara. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji pandangan Alkitab terhadap wacana hukuman mati terhadap koruptor. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah melalui studi pustaka dan tafsiran Alkitab. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa korupsi adalah termasuk kejahatan besar menurut Alkitab dan oleh karenanya hukuman mati patut untuk diterapkan. Hukuman mati terahdap koruptor tidak bertentangan dengan kasih, dan malah sebaliknya menunjukkan kekudusan Allah yang tidak berkompromi terhadap dosa.
PANORAMA DOS ESTUDOS DE CASO DISPONÍVEIS NA PLATAFORMA DA SCIENTIFIC PERIODICALS ELETRONIC LIBRARY – SPELL
Authors: Mendes Hipólito , Roese André
Published: April 2019

Apesar das críticas do passado por alguns cientistas sobre o questionamento de credibilidade do método de Estudo Caso, atualmente, dentre os métodos de pesquisa, o Estudo de Caso é um dos mais populares. Em alguns momentos as pesquisas que utilizaram esse método foram alvos de críticas no meio científico e em alguns casos confundido como um simples método ou estágio de pesquisa de caráter exploratório, ou como uma pesquisa etnográfica ou de observação participante. Portanto, há uma necessidade de imergir no campo de Estudo de Caso para melhor compreender como e quando se aplica. Uma das formas para esse entendimento é via análise das publicações científicas nos periódicos dependendo de período do interesse do pesquisador. Assim, este artigo objetivou analisar os estudos de caso publicados na base SPELL na área temática de gestão ambiental, nos anos 2015 a 2018. A análise se desdobrou em categorias como: nome das revistas publicadas, quantidades de artigos, principais palavras chave e classificação Qualis/CAPES por revista. O método utilizado para o levantamento dos dados desta pesquisa, foi a partir, da base científica Spell (Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library). Utilizamos “Gestão Ambiental” como palavra-chave. Quanto ao método de seleção de artigos, escolhemos os classificados como Estudo de Caso, publicados em resumos e periódicos entre 2015-2018, nas seguintes áreas de conhecimento: Administração, Economia, Engenharia, no idioma em Português. Quanto à abordagem, este trabalho é de cunho quantitativo/qualitativo. Quanto aos resultados apresentados na amostra dos vinte e um (21) artigos analisados, oito (8) artigos foram publicados na Revista de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade, três (3) artigos na Revista Desenvolvimento em Questão, dois (2) na Revista de Administração da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, dois (2) artigos na Revista Gestão e Sociedade, e um artigo em cada uma das outras cinco revistas encontradas.
EFFECTS OF NOSTALGIA PRONENESS ON CONSUMER-BASED BRAND EQUITY: A CASE STUDY ON THE EASTERN EXPRESS
Authors: YÜCE Alpaslan , SAMSA Çağlar , MERİÇ Kamile
Published: April 2019

Nostalgia refers to individuals' feeling of
longing for past periods and the emotional connection between people's past and
present. Nostalgia proneness is very important in consumer preferences; it is
seen that consumers who have nostalgia proneness reflect these characteristics
to their product and service preferences. Consumer-based brand equity is
defined as the differentiator brand perception resulting from the comparison of
the information of a brand with the information about other brands and the
customer response that occurs thereafter. In this study, it is aimed to reveal
the effect of the nostalgia proneness on consumer-based brand equity. The scale
of nostalgia proneness used in the research consists of one dimension and the
scale of consumer-based brand equity used in the research consists of four
sub-dimensions which are perceived the image, perceived quality, brand awareness,
and brand loyalty. The survey form developed for this purpose was applied to
the individuals traveling with eastern express. The study is conducted with
valid 415 survey forms. According to the analysis, nostalgia proneness affects
the perceived image, perceived quality, brand awareness and brand loyalty which
are sub-dimensions of consumer-based brand equity significantly. In addition,
nostalgia proneness varies according to age, but it does not differ according
to gender, occupation, and region.
EVALUATION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN NORTHERN IRAQ
Authors: AKTUĞ Semih Serkant , DAĞ Mehmet , HAMA Mahir Rashid
Published: April 2019

Foreign
Direct Investment
(FDI), considered as a significant source of economic growth in both developed
and developing countries. In Northern Iraq, it is planned to make a friendly
investment environment to attract FDI as much as possible toward its region to
enhance development acceleration.

This study evaluates
the main obstacles or factors that deter foreign investors from investing in
the region’s agricultural sector. In the study, in addition to a general
assessment of the investments in the agricultural sector of the region, the
main reasons for the fact that FDI has not increased significantly in the last
decade in the region in the 2006-2016 period is also evaluated.
Der 103te Psalm
Authors: Michael David Moritz
Published: April 2019

In the eighteenth century, the Moravian Church established vital musical cultures and well-regarded educational institutions wherever it went. At Nazareth Hall, the Moravian boys school in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, these features interacted in an exceptional way. David Moritz Michael (1751–1827) composed his setting of Psalm 103 in 1805 for performance by the Collegium Musicum at Nazareth, of which he was music director. Cast in eleven short movements, the cantata opens and closes with impressive, dramatic choruses. Between these pillars, solo ariettas and shorter choral sections praise God's grace and benevolence. Set for alto, tenor, and bass soloists, mixed chorus, and a small orchestra, it is the earliest cantata-like work by an American-Moravian composer and possibly the earliest such work composed in the United States. The cantata makes only modest technical demands on the vocal and instrumental forces and should be attractive to performers and audiences alike.
Sex Differences in the Implementation of Character Education in Senior High Schools
Authors: Mudo Ipenas Amran Malin , Ahmad Asmah , Ismail Md. Rosli
Published: April 2019

Character education is the action and attitude of a person who reflects anything with good value. These values can be identified in his daily activities. Therefore, character education is considered very important as an effort to help someone to perceive or to understand and to act based on ethical or moral values. This purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of character education in senior high schools (SMA) in Ujungbatu, Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province based on sex (male and female) differences. In order to answer the problems in the study, descriptive qualitative approach study is designed by using several methods namely interview, observation and documentation. The samples of the study were 339 students from three different high schools; they are SMA 1, SMA 2 and SMA Muhammadiyah. Finding of the study revealed that the four character education value, namely devotion, hard work, discipline, and honesty could be applied to both male and female Muslim and Christian students, and this is to indicate that these character values can be applied to the students. Finally, this character education method applies to students, especially in high school.
Analysis of the Concepts of Plaster Decorations and Epigraphs in the Altar of the Great Mosque of Urmia
Authors: Niknamian Sorush
Published: April 2019

Ilkhanid art has a unique and special status in the arts of Islamic periods because of the decorations used in the altars of its mosques. In this period, altars made of plaster were decorated and painted by different methods while special attention was paid to the morphology of altars. The altars were built based on geometrical calculations and with regard to Islamic models and concepts. This research focuses on the analysis of the altar of the Great Mosque of Urmia, which is one of the most glamorous plaster altars belonging to the pinnacle of Ilkhanid art. This altar represents the art and architecture of the seventh century AD that used a special geometry to decorate patterns. It can be used as a key to gain an understanding of patterns used in the Islamic decorations of Ilkhanid plaster altars. The objective of this research is to perform a geometrical and conceptual analysis of the motifs used in the designs, patterns, decorations, and epigraphs in the altar of the Great Mosque of Urmia (also known as “Masjid Jamiʿ Urumyie” (The Great Mosque of Urmia)). This a survey analytic research performed by collecting samples from the altar of the aforementioned mosque and analyzing them. Results of the analyses suggest that the patterns were not only mean for decoration, were based on meaning and concepts, and convey certain notions and symbols. The contents of the decorations were formulated so that they can establish a connection between the perceivers and the corresponding spaces. The findings of this research can be used to gain a better understanding of the patterns and decorations used in the Ilkhanid art and develop the patterns used in the contemporary art and architecture.
Lehrkonzept Feedback digital
Authors: Froehlich Dominik Emanuel
Published: April 2019

A teaching concept for integrating digital ways of giving feedback.
PENERAPAN SUPERVISI PENDIDIKAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Nella Rahma
Published: April 2019

Supervisi merupakan suatu aktifitas pembinaan yang direncanakan untuk membantu para guru dan pegawai sekolah dalam melakukan pekerjaan secara efektif agar dapat meningkatkan proses pembelajaran. Kegiatan supervisi pendidikan sangat diperlukan oleh guru, karena bagi guru yang bekerja setiap hari di sekolah, tidak ada pihak lain yang lebih dekat dan mengetahui dari dalam segala kegiatannya, kecuali Kepala Sekolah. Guru merupakan salah satu faktor penentu rendahnya mutu hasil pendidikan. Karena terdapat hubungan langsung antara kinerja guru dengan prestasi belajar siswa. Rendahnya mutu pendidikan di Indonesia menjadi penyebab utama rendahnya kualitas sumber daya manusia Indonesia. Oleh karena itu supervisi pendidikan sangat dibutuhkan untuk peningkatan mutu pendidikan.
ECONOMICS, POLITICS, LAW: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS April 2019: сб.науч.тр./ OEAPS Inc.; редкол.: Флора Бертран (отв.ред.) [и др.]. - Берлин, Германия : OEAPS Inc., 04. 2019. - 82 С.
Authors: Гамзатова Сабина Асамудиновна , Шагланова Дарья Валерьевна , Бацокин Артур Олегович , Кайзерова Юлия Александровна , Порфирьева Анастасия Борисовна , Руднева Юлия Викторовна , Паулов Павел Александрович , Гадашакаева Диана Руслановна , Цыкалова Ангелина Олеговна , Шаров Дмитрий Сергеевич , Шахбиев Мурат Магарбиевич , Шейко Арарат Валерьевич , Шерватов Алексей Павлович
Published: April 2019

The conference is a major international forum for analyzing and discussing trends and approaches in research in the field of economics, politics and law. We provide a platform for discussions on innovative, theoretical and empirical studies of problems in these disciplines. Given the international focus, materials of a comparative nature are especially welcomed.Doctors and candidates of science, scientists, specialists of various profiles and directions, applicants for academic degrees, teachers, graduate students, undergraduates and students are invited to participate in the conference.CONFERENCE SECTIONSSection 1 Finance, monetary circulation and credit Section 2 Accounting and taxation Section 3 Management and marketing Section 4 World economy Section 5 Business economics Section 6 Mathematical methods of economics Section 7 Relevant economic issues Section 8 Constitutional and municipal law Section 9 Civil and family law Section 10 Labor and business law section 11 Criminal law and criminology section 12 International law Section 13 entitled Administrative Section 14 law enforcement Section 15 Topical issues of jurisprudence Section 16 Topical issues in political science.Additional criteria considered in the consideration of the submitted document are its accuracy, organization / presentation (ie logical flow) and recording quality.
Oral Formulations of diclofenac beads and their Characterization
Authors: Alquadeib Bushra
Published: April 2019

Diclofenac sodium (DS) is an effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) agent. However, DS has short half life and adverse effects (e.g., ulcer bleeding or perforation of intestinal wall). The objectives of this study were to improve the oral bioavailability by loading DS in sodium alginate beads. The feasibility of different concentration and stabilizers on the mean particle size (MPS) and entrapment efficiency were also investigated.Materials and methods: DS-floating alginate or pectin beads were prepared by extrusion congealing technique. Physicochemical properties and particle size characterization were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry. Moreover, in vitro dissolution profiles were performed for all formulated DS loaded beads. Results: MPS of the prepared spherical beads of DS ranged from 568.3 ± 193 to 1791.3 ± 592 nm. and decreasing in sodium alginate or pectin concentration to the hydroxylpropylmethlycellulose ratio favored DS beads with a smaller MPS. There was a significant reduction in MPS, increment in drug content and drug release, with reduction of sodium alginate or pectin concentrations in the formulated beads. Both DSC and FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated a some sort of interaction between the drug and polymer used. Under conditions mimicking those in the stomach, a small amount of drug was released. The DS beads showed a release behavior dependent on pH value and alginate or pectin to hydroxypropylmethylcellulose ratio.
Measuring residual stress and its influence on properties of porous ZrO2-(ZrO2+Ni) ceramics
Authors: Zhou Wenbin
Published: April 2019

Ceramic-metal functionally graded materials (FGMs) have been extensively used in aerospace engineering where high strength and excellent heat insulation materials are desired. However, their performance depends highly on the internal residual stress, which is generated inevitably due to the thermal mismatch of ceramic and metal. In this paper, based on the nanoindentation test, the field distribution of the residual stress of porous ZrO2/(ZrO2+Ni) ceramic-metal FGMs is measured. The residual stress field measured by nanoindentation agrees qualitatively with the finite element simulation results. Then a constitutive relation is established to investigate the effects of residual stress on the macroscopic deformation behavior of porous ZrO2/(ZrO2+Ni) FGMs, which agrees well with the bending and compression experiments. It is found that residual stress can improve both the flexural strength and stiffness of the porous ZrO2/(ZrO2+Ni) FGMs, by densifying and compensating the tensile stress of the porous middle layer (ZrO2) during the bending process, respectively. However, it has no obvious influence on the ultimate compressive strength of the porous ZrO2/(ZrO2+Ni) FGMs, but mainly influences its initial stage of elastic deformation in the compressive behavior.
Analytical modelling of thermal residual stresses and optimal design of ZrO2-(ZrO2+Ni) sandwich ceramics
Authors: Zhou Wenbin
Published: April 2019

The joining of ceramics with metals have been extensively used in applications requiring high strength and excellent heat insulation. However, evaluating the residual stress generated inevitably due to the mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion of ceramic and metal is challenging, which is very important for fabrication and characterization of layered inhomogeneous material. A simplified analytical model considering the overall deformation compatibility is established to compute the interlaminar residual stresses of the ZrO2/(ZrO2+Ni) sandwich ceramics, which agrees well with the results obtained by the commercial finite element package. The effects of the thickness ratio of the transitional layer to the middle layer, and the number of transitional layers on the properties of the ZrO2/(ZrO2+Ni) sandwich ceramics are researched to obtain the optimal structure.
pentingnya pelaksanaan supervisi pendidikan
Authors: Husni Latifatul
Published: April 2019

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pentingnya penggunaan supervisi secara efektif dalam pendidikan. Dilihat dari mutu pendidikan di indonesia yang saat sekarang ini masih jauh tertinggal di dunia internasional
In-vitro Evaluation of Botanicals, Fungi-toxic Chemicals and Bio-control Agent for Efficacy against Turcicum Leaf Blight of Maize
Authors: Subedi Subash , Neupane Saraswati , BK Surendra , Oli Lokendra
Published: April 2019

Maize is the second most important cereal crop of Nepal. Its growth and production is severely affected by Turcicum leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum at pre-harvest stage. A total of 6 botanicals, 4 chemical fungicides and 1 bio-control agent were evaluated for efficacy against Exserohilum turcicum under in vitro conditions following poisoned food technique at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Nepal. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. All the tested botanicals, fungicides and bio-control agent exhibited fungicidal action and significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the test pathogen over untreated control. Among botanicals, extract of Acorus calamus L. at 1% W/V checked the pathogen growth completely in-vitro. The mycelial growth inhibition percent of Artimisia indica Willd, Lantana camera L., Allium sativum L., Xanthoxylum armatum DC., and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. at the concentration of 2.5% W/V on PDA was 75.18%, 74.00%, 44.68%, 44.21% and 37.59% respectively. Among fungicides, the mycelial growth inhibition percent of E. turcicum due to ACME-COP (Copper oxychloride 50% WP), SAAF (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP), Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb 75% WP) and Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) at the concentration of 1000 ppm on PDA was 70.69%, 68.44%, 61.23%, and 60.52% respectively. Antagonist Trichoderma viride developed more rapidly than E. turcium in single as well as in dual cultures. T. viride caused significantly inhibition of 35% of the pathogen E. turcicum on the 5th day of incubation. These results have important implications for the management of turcicum leaf blight disease in maize.
Model Komunikasi Antarpribadi Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) dalam Menghadapi Stigma dan Diskriminasi Lingkungan Sosial
Authors: Dwianita Dwianita
Published: April 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis komunikasi antarpribadi, hambatan komunikasi, serta menemukan model komunikasi antarpribadi ODHA dalam menghadapi stigma dan diskriminasi lingkungan sosial dengan menggunakan Teori Komunikasi Antarpribadi, Pengungkapan Diri, Teori Tindakan Beralasan, dan Teori Disonansi Kognitif. Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Pelayanan Khusus, RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah ODHA, teman, keluarga, konselor, perawat, dan masyarakat. Adapun metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi antarpribadi ODHA dalam penyampaian informasi status diri masih memperoleh stigma dan diskriminasi dari lingkungan sosial berupa penolakan, pengusiran, pengucilan, jibiran, dan ekspresi wajah yang kurang menyenangkan. Komunikasi keempat informan di masyarakat pada umumnya sama yaitu masih menyembunyikan status diri sebagai ODHA dengan bersikap secara wajar, menjaga jarak, dan berbohong tentang penyakitnya. Hambatan komunikasi yang dialami yaitu hambatan kognitif disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai HIV/AIDS dan masih dikaitkan dengan moralitas. Serta adanya hambatan psikologi dan fisik diri ODHA. Model komunikasi antarpribadi yang dilakukan ODHA di lingkungan sosialnya dilakukan melalui 2 cara, terbuka tentang kondisi status kesehatannya dan tertutup dengan menyembunyikan status dirinya sebagai ODHA agar terhindar dari stigma dan diskriminasi.
Adolescent Communication Pattern in Digital Era
Authors: Masril Munzaimah
Published: April 2019

Communication as a process of information dissemination also changes along with technology developments that occur. Instant, is a feature of a digital era, where speed becomes everything and can simultaneously provide good and risk for its users. Technology development also changes the way humans interact with one another, by eliminating face-to-face communication. This situation also causes changes in values, ways of thinking, and human behavior in addressing their lives, especially among adolescent. Communication patterns that are built between adolescent and those around them, for example with peers and parents also experience changes in terms of quantity and quality. This research was conducted at the University of Sumatera Utara with a total of 400 respondents and using a questionnaire. This is a quantitative descriptive research that produces an overview of the application of short messages used by teenagers in interacting with a family. The results also illustrate the communication patterns that occur with the use of short message applications in interacting with family members.
Combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder and longitudinal hyper-responsivity to trauma-related visual stimuli: stability over 2 years
Authors: Dunkley Benjamin T. , Wong Simeon M. , Jetly Rakesh , Pang Elizabeth W. , Taylor Margot J.
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Soldiers with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show survival-mode functioning, implying generalized hyper-arousal along with a memory bias for trauma-related stimuli. To date, a precise spatiotemporal characterization of maladaptive neurophysiological responses underlying experiential trauma reminders in PTSD is lacking. We used magnetoencephalography to investigate rapid evoked responses during visual processing and delayed recognition of war-related versus neutral pictures in soldiers with PTSD and trauma-exposed peers who did not develop PTSD. Methods: The sample consisted of 24 soldiers with PTSD who had served in Afghanistan and 28 war-exposed soldiers without PTSD, matched for combat exposure, military experience, and rank. We completed longitudinal follow-up studies 2 years later with 35 of these same soldiers, 13 with PTSD and 22 control participants. We analysed brain activation evoked by visual processing and delayed recognition tasks that involved both war-related and neutral pictures, and we used a mixed-effects model to determine whether changes in activity occurred between the two test periods. Results: In the visual processing task, soldiers with PTSD showed rapid-onset and sustained hyper-activation for war-related imagery in the left temporal pole and superior frontal gyrus and the right calcarine. In contrast, control soldiers exhibited greater activity for war-related imagery in the left temporal–parietal junction and right inferior frontal gyrus. In the delayed recognition task, both groups showed increased activity in occipital cortices for war images compared with neutral images. A crucial finding was that, compared with control participants, the PTSD group also showed elevated and sustained activation in limbic areas for war imagery. Discussion: These results characterize the evoked neurophysiology underlying hyper-responsivity found in soldiers with PTSD at the juncture of stress and memory in contrast to their trauma-exposed peers without PTSD.
Quality physical activity experiences for military Veterans with a physical disability: Exploring the relationship among program conditions, elements, and outcomes
Authors: Shirazipour Celina H. , Latimer-Cheung Amy E. , Aiken Alice B.
Published: April 2019

Introduction: In this study, we evaluate the physical activity (PA) participation of Veterans with a physical disability, particularly the role of experiential elements of quality participation in facilitating desired program outcomes. We hypothesized that quality elements would mediate the relationship between quality program conditions and participation outcomes. Methods: Forty-nine Veterans with a physical disability (mean age = 43.61 [SD 8.81] y) completed questionnaires before and after PA event participation, as well as at a 3-month follow-up. Results: Results demonstrated that an indicator of the quality element belongingness mediated the relationship between coach interpersonal skills and two PA indicators (i.e., planning and intentions) after event participation. The same quality indicator also mediated the relationship between coach interpersonal skills and family integration after event participation and at the 3-month follow-up. Discussion: These findings provide preliminary evidence linking quality PA program conditions and elements to PA participation outcomes.
The Uniform in the Closet:Mädchen in Uniformin Nazi Germany
Authors: Weinstein Valerie
Published: April 2019

This article highlights the significance of Mädchen in Uniform’s (1931) reception in Nazi Germany for feminist, queer, and German film studies. Contrary to popular belief, the Nazi Propaganda Ministry did not ban the film or expunge it from cultural memory. Instead, primary sources show that it was screened and praised, and that it served as an important model for other Third Reich films. Historically and theoretically grounded analyses explain how its pre-1933 reception, as well as its visibility strategies, circulation, and adaptation after 1933, enabled the film to be “closeted.” As a result, the Nazi film establishment could integrate it into their vision through acts of strategic blindness. By illuminating the film’s closeted status in the Third Reich, this article complicates scholarly narratives about both Nazi German cinema and Mädchen in Uniform as a lesbian-feminist film.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DRAMA TO TEACH SPEAKING VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’ SELF-ACTUALIZATION
Authors: Wiyanti Senny , Asib Abdul , Ngadiso Ngadiso
Published: April 2019

The main objective of the research is to find out: (1) whether Drama technique is more effective than Guided Conversation Activity Technique to teach Speaking; (2) whether the students who have high self-actualization have better speaking skill than those who have low self-actualization; and (3) whether there is an interaction between teaching techniques and students’ self-actualization. The method of this research was quantitative research using an experimental design. The research findings are: (1) Drama Technique is significantly different from Guided Conversation Activity (GCA) technique to teach speaking because Fo is higher than Ft. (2) the speaking skill of the students who have high self-actualization is significantly different from that of those who have low self-actualization if viewed from the result of ANOVA because Fo is higher than Ft. (3) there is an interaction between teaching techniques and self-actualization for teaching speaking because Fo is higher than Ft.
Keywords: drama, self-actualization, guided conversation, speaking.
ENGINEERING AND AESTHETIC SOLUTIONS OF MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF OUTDOOR LIGHTING
Authors: Ovcharov A. T. , Kostareva A. S.
Published: April 2019

The article describes engineering and technical solutions that determine the development of modern outdoor lighting: safety, light comfort, aesthetics of urban space architecture, energy efficiency. Outdoor lighting innovations affect the city planning structure and its elements, such as road network, pedestrian paths and spaces, landscape and recreational areas. The article describes the basic requirements, principles and techniques for organizing outdoor lighting in the city structure that contribute to solving strategic lighting problems such as creation of the comfort lighting zones and amenities, satisfaction of ethical and aesthetic needs and wellbeing of residents and visitors. The outdoor lighting concepts are formulated in the context of modern trends in the urban development.
Toleransi yang Canggung; Menyingkap Toleransi Beragama Kelompok Kristen di Samarinda
Authors: Ijal Syamsurijal
Published: April 2019

Perspektif dan praktik toleransi agama Kristen selama ini dianggap bisa menjadi contoh dalam membangun relasi yang harmoni antara pemeluk agama yang berbeda. Pemeluk agama Kristen diasumsikan bisa menerima perbedaan agama dengan cukup baik. Landasannya adalah ajaran cinta kasih yang kemudian diimplementasikan dalam bentuk “mencintai untuk semua”. Namun acap kali landasan cinta kasih tidak bisa diterapkan dengan baik. Faktor di luar agama, seperti persoalan budaya, politik, dan ekonomi membuat ajaran cinta memiuh menjadi sikap yang intoleran.  Penelitian yang bertujuan mengungkap perspektif dan praktik toleransi Agama Kristen dengan metode kualitatif ini, menemukan kasus perspektif dan praktik toleransi umat Kristen di Samarinda justru berjalan canggung. Di satu sisi mereka meyakini ajaran cinta dan kasih tapi dalam praktiknya mereka dibatasi oleh persoalan hubungan kuasa mayoritas-minoritas. Hal ini setidaknya terlihat pada Gereja Kemah Injil dan Saksi Yehuwa di Samarinda.  Kedua kelompok ini tidak bisa membangun hubungan yang lebih dalam dan aktif dengan kelompok agama yang berbeda.  Mereka merasa bahwa kelompok lain, khususnya kelompok agama mayoritas (muslim) membatasi berbagai ekspresi keagamaan mereka atas nama dominasi mayoritas. Jadilah perspektif dan praktik toleransinya tidak seideal yang dibayangakan. Saksi Yehuwa misalnya cenderung melihat kebenaran semata hanya pada dirinya. Sementara jemaat Gereja Kemah Injili kesulitan membangun hubungan yang lebih akrab dengan agama lain, khususnya Islam.
ORMANCILIKTAKİ SPROUT TERİMİNİN TÜRKÇE KARŞILIĞI İÇİN BİR ÖNERİ
Authors: AVŞAR Mahmut D. , OK Tolga
Published: April 2019

Sprout, İngilizcede shoot (sürgün) terimi ile yakın ilişkili bir terimdir. Sprout terimi, esas itibariyle, bir odunsu bitkinin dibi, kütüğü, kök boğazı veya kökünden çıkan sürgünler için kullanılmaktadır. Bu sürgünler, bitkilerde çoğu kez çeşitli sebeplerle oluşan zararları takiben ortaya çıkmakta ve ağaçlar içerisinde genellikle geniş yapraklı ağaçlarda görülmektedir. Sprout kavramı içerisinde yer alan sürgünler, sahip oldukları çeşitli nitelikler ile ağaçlardaki uç ya da yan sürgünlerden belirgin bir şekilde ayrılırlar. Sprout teriminin Türkçede henüz tam bir karşılığı bulunmamaktadır. Türkçenin kelime hazinesinde var olan fışkın kelimesinin, sprout teriminin gayet uygun bir karşılığı olduğu görülmektedir. Ormancılıkta, özellikle silvikültür, şehir ormancılığı ve orman botaniği ile ilgili konularda kullanılan sprout terimi için fışkın karşılığının kabulü ve kullanılması tarafımızdan önerilmektedir.
TOHUM AĞACI DOĞAL GENÇLEŞTİRME YÖNTEMİNİN KARAÇAM (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana)’DA UYGULANMASI, ESKİŞEHİR-TANDIR ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YILMAZ Mustafa , KALKAN Mehmet
Published: April 2019

Karaçam
(Pinus nigra Arnold. ssp. pallasiana) Türkiye’nin önemli ağaç
türlerinden biridir. Ülkemizde karaçamın gençleştirilmesinde ise genellikle
siper işletmesi tercih edilmektedir. Doğal gençleştirmeyi sağlamak amacıyla
alanda bırakılan belirli sayıdaki tohum ağaçlarından gelen tohumlarla yeni
gençliği oluşturmada kullanılan yöntemlerden biri de tohum ağacı yöntemidir. Bu
çalışmada, Eskişehir-Tandır mevkiindeki 27.9 ha karaçam meşceresinin 2015 ve
2016 yıllarında başlayan gençleştirme çalışmaları araştırılmıştır. Araştırma
sahasında, tohum ağacı doğal gençleştirme yöntemine benzer şekilde hektarda
ortalama 17 tohum ağacı bırakılmıştır. Ayrıca sahada 1+0 fidan dikimi
yapılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında Tandır mevkiindeki birer yıl arayla tensile
alınan sahalar ve müdahale görmeyen aynı özelliklere sahip yan meşcere üzerinde
incelemelerde bulunulmuştur. Her sahadan 30 adet rastgele seçilen tohum ve
örnek ağaçlar üzerinde çap, boy ve tepe tacı özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca
tensile alınan sahalarda tohumdan gelen ve dikimle gelen fidanlar
araştırılmıştır. Tohumdan gelen fidanların tohum ağacına olan uzaklığı ve
bakıya göre dağılımı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca 1+0 yaşında dikilen tüplü fidanların
başarı oranı belirlenmiştir. 2017 sonbaharında veri toplama ve ölçüm işlemleri
tamamlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, ölçülen ve tespit edilen değerler müdahale
gören ve görmeyen sahalar bakımından irdelenmiştir. 27.9 ha’lık toplam çalışma
alanında yaklaşık tohumdan gelen fidan sayısı 91.540 adet olarak
hesaplanmıştır. Böylece 2 m2’de 0.65 adet tohumdan gelen fidan
tespit edilmiştir. Tohumdan gelen fidanların, tohum ağacına göre en fazla
dağılışı kuzey yönünde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tohumlama mesafesine göre ise
en fazla 4., 5. ve 6. metreler arasında dağılış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Tohum ağacı doğal gençleştirme yöntemi düşük bonitetli Eskişehir-Tandır
mevkiindeki karaçam meşceresinin doğal gençleştirilmesinde kısmen başarılı
sonuç vermiştir. Yöntemin uygulanmasında tohum takviyesi ile başarı oranı
yükseltilebilir. Ülkemizde farklı türlerin bazı yetişme ortamlarında yöntemin
uygulanabilirliği araştırılmalıdır.
SPATIAL ANALYSES OF ASTRAGALUS SPECIES DISTRIBUTION AND RICHNESS IN KAHRAMANMARAŞ (TURKEY) BY GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)
Authors: UZUN Alper , PALABAŞ UZUN Seyran , DURMAZ Ali
Published: April 2019

The
aim of this study is to determine the species richness of the genus Astragalus
in Kahramanmaraş and to present the updated distribution information with the
help of Geographic Information Systems in a conservation point of view. In this
study, country flora, recently published articles on the province of
Kahramanmaraş, checklists, regional flora studies in the province, section revisions
of Astragalus and the plant samples
collected from the field surveys in Kahramanmaraş were used. According to the
results of the field studies supported by the literature, 95 plant taxa
belonging to the genus Astragalus are
listed together with their valid names and previous synonyms. The number of
endemic taxa in Kahramanmaraş is 37 (39%). In the plant list, the largest
sections of the genus Astragalus are
Rhacophorus with 23 taxa, Onobrychium with 8 taxa, Dasyphyllium, Malacothrix,
Myobroma, Proselius and Pterophorus with 6 taxa for each. The distribution of
the taxa to the phytogeographical regions is as follows; 56 taxa (59%)
Irano-Turanian element, 28 taxa (30%) Multi-regional or unknown origin, and the
rest; 6 taxa (6%) is an element of the Eastern Mediterranean, 4 taxa (4%) of
the Eastern Mediterranean (mountain) element and 1 taxon (1%) of the
Euro-Siberian element. IUCN threat categories of endemic taxa were determined.
As a result, totally 11 taxa are in threatened categories according to IUCN (4
taxa in CR, 2 taxa in EN and 5 taxa in VU category) and the remaining 26 taxa
are in lower threat categories (NT and LR). According to the distribution of
the species produced based on the grid system, (J13) in Çağlayancerit, (D4, E4
and G8) in Göksun, (I10) in the place between Ekinözü and centre district, and
(K10) in the centre district of Kahramanmaraş were determined as the richest squares
in terms of number of taxa in the conservation point of view. These areas are
very important in terms of conservation biology as they are the most intense
areas of steppic conditions, livestock and grazing pressure.
CORRELATION OF SERUM VITAMIN D LEVEL WITH MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS
Authors: Sood Pramod , Kaur Manpreet
Published: April 2019

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is a common global phenomenon. Its insufficiency is also reported to be common in hospitalized patients and particularly in critically ill patients.

Methods: Following ethical approval, consent will be sought from either the patient or assent from a near relative. Successive patients admitted to the medical emergency and ICU at tertiary care health center who fulfill the following criteria for sepsis, within a 24 h time window, were included in the study.

Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study, 37 (74.00%) were discharged whereas 13(26.00%) patients expired. The majority of patients, irrespective of outcome had Vitamin D deficiency. Although normal Vitamin D levels were observed in relatively higher proportion of patients who were discharged (29 patients) as compared to those who expired (12 patients) yet this difference was not significant statistically (P = 0.481).

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency leads to increased risk of mortality in the critically ill patients.

Keywords: Sepsis, Vitamin D deficiency, Mortality.
Data Mining Techniques to Predict Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Murshid Golam , Parvez Thakor , Fezal Nagani , Azaz Lakhani , Asif Mohammad
Published: April 2019

Chronic Kidney Disease incorporates the state where the kidneys fail to function and reduce the potential to keep a person suffering from the disease healthy. When the condition of the kidneys gets worse, the wastes in the blood are formed in high level. Data mining has been a present pattern for accomplishing analytic outcomes. Colossal measure of un-mined data is gathered by the human services industry so as to find concealed data for powerful analysis and basic leadership. Data mining is the way towards extricating concealed data from gigantic datasets. The goal of our paper is to anticipate CKD utilizing the classification strategy Naïve Bayes. The phases of CKD are anticipated in the light of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the most widespread illnesses in the United States. Recent statistics show that twenty-six million adults in the United States have CKD and million others are at increased risk. Clinical diagnosis of CKD is based on blood and urine tests as well as removing a sample of kidney tissue for testing. Early diagnosis and detection of kidney disease is important to help stop the progression to kidney failure. Data mining and analytics techniques can be used for predicting CKD by utilizing historical patient’s data and diagnosis records. In this research, predictive analytics techniques such as Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, and Artificial Neural Networks are used for predicting CKD. Pre-processing of the data is performed to impute any missing data and identify the variables that should be considered in the prediction models. The different predictive analytics models are assessed and compared based on accuracy of prediction. The study provides a decision support tool that can help in the diagnosis of CKD.