bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical potential of pupillary light reflex and heart rate variability parameters as objective indicators of tonsillectomy-induced pain
Authors: Hatsukawa Hiroatsu , Ishikawa Masaaki
Published: March 2022

Objective. Establishing objective indicators of subjective pain intensity is important in pain assessment. Pupillary light reflex (PLR) and heart rate variability (HRV) indicate autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and may serve as pain indicators because pain can affect ANS activity. In this prospective longitudinal study, we aimed to investigate the potential of PLR/HRV parameters as objective indicators of subjective pain intensity after tonsillectomy. Approach. Sixty-seven patients undergoing tonsillectomy were enrolled. Subjective pain intensity based on a numeric rating scale (NRS) and eight PLR/HRV parameters were assessed at five time points. We investigated the changes in the NRS values over time. We estimated regression coefficients reflecting parameter changes per unit change in the NRS score using linear mixed-effects models. Main Results. The mean NRS score was 0 at two pre-surgery time points, 5 on postoperative days (PODs) 1 and 2, and 0 at postoperative week 3. Two parameters (initial pupil size [INIT] and constriction latency [LAT]) showed significant changes on POD1 and POD2 in comparison to baseline data measured at the pre-surgery time point. Among these parameters, only LAT showed no significant changes between POD1 and POD2. Significant regression coefficients with the narrowest 95% confidence intervals were observed for INIT and LAT. Increased NRS scores were associated with decreased INIT and shortened LAT. Significance. LAT was a robust indicator of subjective pain intensity. Our patients showed decreased INIT with increased NRS scores, indicating the predominance of the parasympathetic, not sympathetic, tone in pupils. Further studies are required to investigate factors causing this predominance.
Effects of precursor powder particle size on the powder-in-tube Ba1−xKxFe2As2 superconducting tapes
Authors: Chen Yuzhuo , Li Wenchao , Liu Cong , Huang He , Yao Chao , Zhang Xianping , Wang Dongliang , Liu Fang , Liu Huajun , Ma Yanwei
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we studied the effects of precursor powder particle size on Ag-sheathed powder-in-tube Ba1−xKxFe2As2 (Ba-122) superconducting tapes. Precursor powders with different particle sizes were prepared by changing the grinding time of calcined bulks. We systematically investigated the relationship between particle size of precursor powder, microstructure and superconducting properties of tapes. For short grinding time, the uneven particle size distribution damages the interface between Ba-122 core and Ag sheath, resulting in distinct sausage effect and decline of mass density of the Ba-122 core, causing severe fluctuation for the transport current density (J
c). Then with the extension of grinding time, the transport J
c becomes more uniform due to the improved homogeneity but lower with the reduction of average particle size from 21.5 to 9.5 μm. The J
c of samples made with precursor powders by grinding 20 min reaches 5 × 104 A cm−2 at 4.2 K and 10 T. It has been shown that the coarse grains are easier to align along the rolling direction of tapes and lead to a higher degree of c-axis texture. Our results demonstrated the importance of controlling the homogeneity and particle size of precursor powders in achieving superior J
c for iron-based superconducting tapes.
Turnover rates of regenerated forests challenge restoration efforts in the Brazilian Atlantic forest
Authors: Piffer Pedro Ribeiro , Rosa Marcos Reis , Tambosi Leandro Reverberi , Metzger Jean Paul , Uriarte María
Published: March 2022

Natural forest regeneration is a key component of global ecosystem restoration scenarios. Regenerated forests, however, may not persist and a better understanding of the drivers of forest persistence is critical to ensure the success of restoration efforts. We used 35 years of detailed land cover maps to quantify forest regeneration and study the drivers of regenerated forest persistence and longevity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a restoration hotspot. We mapped over 4.47 Mha of native forest regenerated in the region between 1985 and 2019, of which, two thirds persisted until 2019 (3.1 Mha). However, mean age of ephemeral (i.e. cleared before 2019) forest regeneration was only 7.9 years, suggesting a rapid turnover of regrowing forests under certain conditions. Regenerated forests had greater longevity and probability of persistence in steeper slopes, close to rivers and existing forests, near permanent agriculture, and in areas with higher Gross Development Product and agricultural yield, but were less likely to persist in areas with higher rural-urban population ratios. Regeneration occurred predominantly in pasturelands and areas of shifting agriculture, but it was also less likely to persist within these dynamic landscapes. Specific public policies should stimulate forest regeneration in areas of consolidated agriculture, where forest permanence tends to be higher. The ephemerality of forest regeneration in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest highlights the importance of favorable conditions and policies that promote second-growth forest persistence in tropical regions. Conservation of regenerating forests is critical for meeting national and global restoration and climate mitigation goals.
Creating energy and resource saving longitudinal pawls forming device between cotton rows
Authors: Juraev A A , Tukhtakuziyev A , Olimov Kh Kh , Ostonov Sh S , Orziev S S
Published: March 2022

The article describes the technological process of forming a longitudinal pawl between the rows of cotton and the basic requirements for the implementation of equipment. The results of scientific research on the development of energy and resource-saving devices for the formation of longitudinal pawls between the rows of cotton and their introduction into agricultural production are described.
Theoretical and experimental substantiation of the applicability of PTFE-4 for sealing movable seals in vacuum milking systems
Authors: Zakharin A V , Lebedev P A , Lebedev A T , Pavlyk R V
Published: March 2022

The article describes the results of theoretical calculations of the loads acting on the radial surface of the blade of a plate-type vacuum pump used in milking systems. On the basis of experimental studies of Fluoroplast-4, its use for sealing highly loaded movable seals in vacuum systems is substantiated. The results of experimental studies on the dependence of the actual contact area and specific pressure on the load of 0-100 N are presented. An analysis of the data showed that in the range of loads of 0 to 10 N, the dependence is almost linear. In the range of 20 to 100 N, the specific pressure reaches a limiting value and ranges from 47.3 to 57.8 MPa, i.e. it stabilizes. These data indicate that for sealing the most loaded and critical movable seals in milking vacuum systems, it is possible to use Fluoroplast-4.
Researching operational reliability of key combine systems in Stavropol Territory
Authors: Pavlyuk R V , Zaharin A V , Gevora Y I , Iskenderov R R
Published: March 2022

The paper analyzes the performance parameters of the main systems of combine harvesters by the example of ordinary farms in the Stavropol Territory. For a detailed determination of the indicators of using combine harvesters, the method of timing the work of this type of agricultural machinery and accounting and statistical documentation of farms were used. The data of continuous and selective timing together with the data from primary documentation of farms allowed obtaining the information on the indicators of use and reliability of combine harvesters when harvesting grain crops in the ordinary operation. The timing of the work of the combines was carried out during the harvesting season of 2015-2019 in the territory of the Stavropol Territory, which included two types of harvesting - continuous and selective. 86 combine harvesters were put under surveillance. A significant proportion of the occurring failures was accounted for the harvesting part, mechanical transmissions, various hydraulic systems, threshing tools, electrical and electronic controls. Based on experimental studies, the distribution of occurring failures of combine harvesters in the course of their work is mounted. Recovery times for such systems can be long.
Efficient use of agricultural machinery park and improvement of technical services system
Authors: Igamberdiyev A K , Kholikova N , Khakimov B , Usmanov E , Usmanova G , Sh Begaliyev A
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the effective use of agricultural machinery to improve the system and technical services and solve the problems posed. To do this, in the Tashkent region, the Bekabad district, there are agrotechnical solutions for a number of analyses, especially technically modern, park equipment, which has extremely complex structures, and the effective use of agrotechnical services recommended for improving the system and proposals.
A calculation model for determining the agricultural crops water consumption for resource-saving irrigation regimes
Authors: Olgarenko I V , Olgarenko V I , Olgarenko G V , Ig Olgarenko V
Published: March 2022

Scientific and technical progress in the development of land reclamation substantiates the urgent need in implementation of a new methodological approach for developing and implementing the processes for resource-saving water use in general, including irrigation of agricultural crops. The essence of the method is that all above-mentioned processes should be substantiated with the ecological-landscape approach methodology, taking into account progressive knowledge both in the accompanying natural sciences and in the reclamation industry that ensures minimal anthropogenic loads on the environment components and the creation of a healthy environmental situation in agricultural landscapes. Empirical dependences of various crops evapotranspiration and the actual moisture supply of the soil root layer have been determined for the corresponding phases of plant development by long-term experimental studies on the irrigation systems of the North Caucasus region for various soil and climatic irrigation zones, followed by comparison of the data obtained with the potential evapotranspiration data at the corresponding meteorological stations. Data analysis shows that the calculated absolute data values of the correlation coefficients between the compared values of the studied parameters vary in a wide range from 0.34 to 0.98, and obtained empirical dependencies are generally described by nonlinear mathematical equations. Comparison between the methods for determining the parameters under study has shown that calculation according to Alpatev gives significant errors; calculation according Kharchenko, while generally satisfactory, allows for unacceptable deviations in particular solutions; calculation according to the proposed model shows good results with acceptable deviations in all cases.
Monovalent selective membrane for electrodialysis desalination of water for agriculture
Authors: Tsygurina K , Sarapulova V , Kirichenko E , Kirichenko K
Published: March 2022

Agriculture is the world’s largest consumer of water accounting for about 70% of freshwater withdrawals. Faced with scarcity of pure water, it results in need in desalination to produce water for agricultural needs from brackish water, seawater or polluted sources. Widely used technologies reduce total salinity decreasing also the levels of calcium, magnesium, sulphates and phosphates required for normal growth of plants. Recently a layer-by-layer adsorption of charged polymers was proposed for creation of functional materials that would preferentially remove monovalent ions such as Na+ and Cl−. Our previous studies demonstrated the creation of cation selective membrane basing on affordable heterogeneous cation exchange membrane that specifically separated Na+ from Na+/Ca2+ mixed solution during electrodialysis. Further characterization showed that, in addition to the expected increase in specific selectivity with respect to singly charged counterions, there was an increase in the overall selectivity with respect to counterions. We provide data from measurements of electrical conductivity, diffusion permeability, and the results of calculating the transport numbers of counterions, demonstrating an increase in selectivity.
Manure as a source of energy and heat-insulating material in the cold climate of Yakutia
Authors: Ushnitsky I N
Published: March 2022

Energy is essential for the development of human society. Biogas plants, as a part of an integrated product-to-energy system, are an alternative to the use of waste biomass as raw materials due to their energy production capacity and thermal insulation material. Animal waste is an important resource that is used to replenish organic matter and improve soil conditions. Depending on the weight, cattle produce approximately 4 to 6 tons of fresh manure per year. With the constantly increasing prices for fossil energy resources, as well as the depletion of oil and gas reserves, an increasing number of countries are developing alternative energy sources. One of these types is biogas. It is necessary to note that the main disadvantage of biogas energy is the significant weight of specific capital costs and low profitability of projects. Despite this, in Russia there is the increase in demand for biogas units (BGU), both for small consumers (with a digester volume of 3-20 m3) and for medium-sized consumers (with a digester volume of 30-100 m3). The point is that biogas technologies properly fit into the UN Doctrine of sustainable development of society. Many in Russia are committed to this idea. They are guided by the principle “Reason is a clumsy instrument of a scientist; intuition is the unmistakable leader of the seer” and try to solve this problem each in his own way. According to UN experts, this very integrated approach, when a scheme for the selection of enterprises and industries operating on one type of raw material is carried out, and waste and byproducts of one production act as raw materials or semi-finished products for another type, can completely solve the problem of sustainable development of society.
The role of an agricultural forecrop in increasing the yield of winter wheat
Authors: Vinogradov D V , Vysotskaya E A
Published: March 2022

The article presents data on the study of the influence of an agricultural forecrop on the yield of winter wheat varieties Moskovskaya 40 and Nemchinovskaya 17. The experiments were carried out in Ryazan region, Russia, on dark gray forest soils of Malinki enterprise in Mikhailovsky district. The most effective forecrop in the experiment was vetch-oat mixture for variety Nemchinovskaya 17, with the following yield structure: grains per spike are 46.8 pieces, 1, 000 seeds weight is 50.4 grams, with productive tillering of 1.80. On average, for two years, the maximum yield was observed in the variant with variety Nemchinovskaya 17 according to forecrop of vetch-oat mixture for green fodder (44.4 dt/ha) and in the variant with variety Moskovskaya 40 a forecrop was pea-oat mixture for green fodder (41.1 dt/ha). In studies, the maximum profitability was noted on the variant with forecrop of vetch-oat mixture in variety Nemchinovskaya 17 (153.1 %). In general, the profitability of the options was 109.5-153.1 %, that is highly profitable for agricultural crops in the region.
Principle of operation and testing the machine for processing plant raw materials in the fermentation and pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a pulsed electric field
Authors: Starodubtseva G P , Okashev N A , Lyubaya S I , Rubtsova E I , Bogolyubova I A
Published: March 2022

The article describes a device that converts mains voltage into the electromagnetic pulse fields of various frequencies. The device differs from the existing ones by a number of improvements, simple technical design, safety for service personnel and the environment, and low energy consumption. The methods for using the device for pre-sowing seed treatment with the aim of increasing sowing and yielding qualities, as well as suppressing pathogenic mycoflora, processing plant raw materials, in particular teas, medicinal herbs during fermentation are presented. In the fermented material, improved taste and organoleptic properties, weak aftertaste of plant raw materials and no unpleasant odor were observed.
Evaluation of the effect of microwave heating modes on the germination ability of lupine seeds
Authors: Vendin S V
Published: March 2022

Technologies based on the use of the energy of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields can be successfully applied in agricultural production. According to the available research results, it can be quite reliably asserted that during the pre-sowing treatment of agricultural seeds, it is possible to use microwave electromagnetic fields. A feature of such technologies is the experimental determination of the parameters of microwave exposure. The materials of the article contain the results of experimental studies to assess the temperature effect of microwave energy on the germination ability of lupine seeds. Regression equations are obtained in coded and natural variables to assess the effect of the final temperature and microwave heating rate on the germination ability of lupine seeds. Analysis of the results obtained indicates that the final result of microwave seed treatment depends on each factor separately and on their relationship. In addition, it is necessary to strictly observe the processing regimes, since the seeds are sensitive to energy effects and, in addition to the stimulation effect, you can get a negative result or get into the zone of insensitivity. According to the data obtained, the best result of microwave stimulation of lupine seeds is observed when the seeds are heated to 50 °C at a heating rate of 0.46 °C/s. Compared to the results of wheat seed treatment, higher final temperatures and microwave heating rates are required to stimulate lupine seeds. In addition, for a positive result of processing, it is necessary to take into account that the microwave heating rate of the seeds determines the final temperature of their heating. To stimulate lupine seeds, it is possible to recommend microwave heating to 50-51 °C at a microwave heating rate of 0.46-0.47 °C/s.
The influence of tillage methods on the yield of oilseeds of the Brassicaceae family
Authors: Lupova E I , Vysotskaya E A
Published: March 2022

The analysis of productivity studies of spring oilseeds of the Brassicaceae family during their cultivation on gray forest soil in the crop rotation link in Ryazan region, Russia is proposed. The influence of variants of the main tillage on the yield of spring rape variety Ratnik and spring rape variety Lipchanka has been studied. The experiments were carried out in 2015-2020 on dark gray forest soils. Agrotechnical measures for the cultivation of spring oilseeds are typical for the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia, which includes Ryazan region. On average, according to the research results, the highest yield in spring rape was recorded on the variant of the fallow link of the crop rotation + moldboard processing (3.13 t/ha), in the spring rape (2.56 t/ha). When determining the biological activity of the soil, the method of linen with a density of 150 g/m2 was used. In the experiment, on the variant with the moldboard method, when using a reversible plow, the degree of decomposition of the linen was the greatest in the experiment. In agrocenoses of agricultural crops, a pattern was noted for an increase in biological soil activity, in rape the degree of decomposition was recorded in 45.3 % and in spring coleseed it was 41.9 %.
Improving a parameter determination method for multielement bi-poles used in digital dielcometric hygrometer of agricultural products
Authors: Vorotnikov I N , Mastepanenko M A , Gabrielyan Sh Zh , Mishukov S V , Varlamov V V
Published: March 2022

The article examines the possibility of determining the parameters of multi-element bi-pole using the author’s method of aggregate measurements. Mathematical modeling of measuring circuits is performed, the random error of the results of measurements of parameters of a four-element bi-pole by the Monte Carlo method is estimated and determination result of the methodological and random components of the measurement errors of parameters of circuit elements is presented. The relevance of the application of the combined method of research with measurements in steady-state and transient modes for determining the moisture content of agricultural products is justified. The reduction of the resulting methodological error and the possibility of reducing the number of analog-to-digital transformations without deteriorating the target accuracy are proved.
Determination of sorption properties of natural meliorants under static conditions
Authors: Bocharnikov V S , Denisova M A , Bocharnikova O V , Kozinskaya O V , Kuznetsova N V , Pakhomov A A , Meshcheryakov M P
Published: March 2022

The presented research results are aimed at reducing the toxicity of wastewater containing heavy metals and ammonium ions on the environment, as well as their use as irrigation water for irrigation of industrial crops. The calculation of the volumetric static capacity for the given parameters, as well as the degree of extraction of pollution from the effluents, has been carried out. It was found that the highest percentage of absorption of heavy metals and ammonium ions after 48 hours of completed experiments is observed in zeolite with different fractions. After 12 hours of contact of the zeolite with poultry wastewater, it can be seen that 64.7% of total iron ions are absorbed, while activated carbon and gravel sand absorbed only 15.4%. Complex of activated carbon, gravel sand and zeolite 19.7%. After 48 hours of contact, the percentage of absorption of the zeolite decreased to 54.6%, and in the complex of activated carbon, gravel sand and zeolite to 3.1%, respectively, sorption was not observed in the activated carbon and gravel sand.
Electric Vehicle Readiness in Southeast Asia: A PEST Policy Review
Authors: Kresnawan Muhammad Rizki , Yurnaidi Zulfikar , Bilqis Amira , Wijaya Tabita Natasha , Suryadi Beni
Published: March 2022

Transportation sector in Southeast Asia is highly dependent on petroleum products, making it one of the most carbon-intensive energy sectors in the region. The 6th ASEAN Energy Outlook (AEO6) projected the sector’s oil consumption to rapidly grow to 330 million ton of oil equivalent (Mtoe) by 2040 or about 97% from total energy consumed in the sector. Mostly imported, the ever-increasing oil demand poses risk to economic and energy security. The growing concern of climate change also brings another issue to the sector. Cleaner mobility alternatives include electric vehicle. This study aims to assess the readiness of electric mobility roll-out in Southeast Asia, especially from supporting policy perspective. It critically reviews the related policies from each ASEAN member states. Further, the PEST (Political, Economic, Social, Technological) framework is utilised to assess the readiness of such policies. Based on such analysis and identification of critical factors of electric mobility implementation, the study proposes policy recommendations.
Climate Change Reporting and Corporate Governance among Asian and African Energy Firms
Authors: Asare Emmanuel Tetteh , Tornam Duho King Carl , Amegatcher Edmund Narh
Published: March 2022

This paper examines the extent of climate change disclosure among energy firms operating in Africa and Asia, as well as the firm, country and global determinants of the disclosures. A quantitative approach was applied to evaluate an unbalanced panel data of 31 firms in 18 countries across Africa and Asia for 2015 to 2020. Data was collected from the GRI database and a composite index was constructed to measure the extent of climate change disclosure using “GRI 305:Emissions” indicators. The study used a regression model to find the nexus between climate change disclosure and its determinants. Comparatively, Asian energy firms disclose more than their African counterparts. The determinants of climate change disclosure are board size, board diversity, multinational status, profitability, cross-listing status, membership to the United Nations Global Compact and the Human Development Index of the countries within which firms operate. This study provides insights about the extent of GRI 305:Emissionsusage by energy firms in Africa and Asia. It also adds to the limited knowledge on climate change disclosure in Africa and Asia. With the recent COP26 conference in mind, this study extends knowledge on how businesses are taking action in line with the Agenda 2030 (specifically Sustainable Development Goal 13), the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
The carbon footprint from the power plant in Indonesia and renewable energy supply for reduce the carbon emission
Authors: Azmi Rosalina , Maslahat Putri , Wahono Johannes W.
Published: March 2022

The causes of the carbon emissions is the one use of electrical energy. According to PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara), the electricity sector contributes 14% of carbon emissions of the total national emissions. The International Energy Agency (IEA) reported that the total of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reached 33.9 gigatons throughout 2020. A total of 13.5 gigatons of which came from electricity and heating, being the most compared to the other sources. Indonesia as the fourth most populous country in the world also contributes to carbon emissions from electricity use. The electricity consumption in Indonesia each year increases by an average of about 3.60% (from 2015-2020) and contributes to these carbon emissions. Indonesia with the largest potential sources of renewable energy (wind, solar power, geothermal and other sources), is expected to be able and develop and become a leader, especially in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Region. This paper will discuss the analysis of carbon footprint from electricity demand in Indonesia and renewable energy supply that can be used to reduce carbon emissions in dealing with climate change problems. The results of the analysis show that the carbon footprint of electricity usage per year on average is 5242.3 KgCO2. The Projection of Renewable Energy Growth in Indonesia in 2045 will reach 20711.67 megawatt. Estimates of net-zero carbon emissions in Indonesia conclude that Indonesia has not yet achieved net-zero carbon emissions in 2045.
Perceptions of Energy Resources Efficiency for Sustainable Development in the Developing Context of Nigeria: Implications for Enterprise Development in the Energy Sector
Authors: Raimi Lukman , Olowo Rabiu
Published: March 2022

Energy resources are indispensable to humans, animals, and plants. From the perspective of energy economics, energy efficiency has a high propensity to stimulate a development process that is environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable. Most developed countries are known to have attained energy efficiency, but the developing countries arguably still contend with energy inefficiency. In view of the foregoing, this study investigates the perceptions of energy resources efficiency for sustainable development in the developing context of Nigeria including implications for enterprise development in the energy sector. The study adopts a quantitative research method, a positivist research paradigm in order to generate fact-based information from energy users in the developing context. A sample of 400 respondents that comprised academics, professionals, business owners, policymakers, and activists working with the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) was selected, but 154 finally participated. The first finding reveals that Nigeria has eleven (11) energy resources, but the energy resource with the highest efficiency perception is fuel-wood and the least efficient is hydropower when measured in terms of stability, delivery system, reliability, resource mix, security, livelihood, and safety of energy products to the energy users. The second finding suggests that energy resources efficiency (EFF) exerts significant positive effect on the triple dimensions of sustainable development (ECS, SOS, and EVS) in the developing context of Nigeria, but the predictability is weak (42.6%, Adjusted R2). An indication that more rigorous study in required. The study contributes to the debates on energy resources efficiency and three pillars of sustainable development from the developing country context. In practical terms, the study supports and validates the X-Efficiency theory (XET) and the Resource Curse Theory (RCT).
How can microgrids help the Philippines’ energy transition? Adapting the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework for microgrid development
Authors: Altomonte John Charles , Guinto Hannah Sofia
Published: March 2022

The Philippine energy sector remains plagued with issues of energy security, high electricity costs, and vulnerable grid infrastructure. This paper argues for the increased uptake of microgrids as a solution for these issues, using the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework as a guide for microgrid policy. We begin this paper with an analysis of existing energy policies in the Philippines, highlighting a lacking integrated approach for energy security. The main discussion explores the IAD framework for microgrid development in the Philippines, identifying key barriers and dynamics among institutions and actors in the local energy sector. We then conclude with policy implications for adopting microgrids for the Philippine energy landscape.
Anaerobic co-digestion of pre-treated press mud and Molasses-based distillery wastewater enhanced biogas production
Authors: Evidente R C , Almendrala M C
Published: March 2022

With goals in determining the effect of diluting the distillery wastewater (DWW) and of varying the amount of DWW and press mud (PM), anaerobic co-digestion study was carried out at mesophilic condition in a 2-L Erlenmeyer flask, with a working volume of 800 mL for Batch 1 and 1500 mL for Batch 2 experiments. For Batch 1, two different ratios of DWW and tap water, with 2:3 and 3:2, were used to assess the effect of dilution on the methane yield, where same volumetric amount of PM was added. For Batch 2, following ratio of PM and DWW were used: a) 1:0, b) 1:1, c) 1:1, d) 2:1, and e) 1:2. All samples had the same amount of inoculum, except that Batch 1 samples had bagasse. The parameters that were assessed after 42 days of digestion were: pH, COD, BOD, TSS, VS, Cu, Ca, Mg, Mn, TOC, TN, and methane yield. For the effect of dilution, a significant difference in the methane yield between samples with higher and lower dilution ratio was seen, and in the first batch, the optimal dilution ratio of DWW and H2O, with 3:2 gave higher methane yield of 78.23% (v/v). Meanwhile, optimal volumetric ratio of DWW and PM from the Batch 2 experiments, with value of 1:2, gave the highest methane yield of 79.43% (v/v).
Diagnosis and Repair of the Cracking House Next to the River
Authors: Pramono A , Mahendra I W S , Wijaya I B A , Agustina I A , Herman R T
Published: March 2022

Natural disasters and human error factors can cause damage to buildings. Human error causes various issues, including inadequate craftsmanship in the mixing of building materials and preliminary structural design and specification. Inadequate knowledge of the building’s structure and the type of soil on which it stands is also one of the fault designs in construction. This study utilises a case study methodology divided into three sections: soil analysis, building analysis, and techniques for avoiding and repairing the research object. A literature review is essential to ascertain the type of soil and the proper footing to utilise when examining the soil. In the building analysis, it is necessary to determine the damage of the building and its repair. These steps demanded were to prevent further damage by adding structures to reinforce existing structures in load distribution. After determining that the structure is safe from further damage, the final step is to repair the walls, floor, and ceiling. These improvements are part of an effort to ensure the building’s long term sustainability. The final phase in home restoration is to decorate the interior to make the residents feel comfortable.
Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete building seismically designed based on SNI 1726-2019
Authors: Suwondo Riza , Mellyati Lusy , Alama Sohaib
Published: March 2022

Indonesia has experienced many earthquakes due to its geographic location. Therefore, the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for seismic design has recently been released for immediate application. In this study, nonlinear static analysis procedure is adopted to evaluate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame structures seismically designed using SNI. The main purpose of this study is to assess the safety level of the building under an earthquake. Three typical building with different height have been evaluated. The analysis is conducted using the commercial finite element ETABS. The performance level is determined according to ASCE41-17 acceptance criteria. The results revealed that the SNI designed building generally comply with to the acceptance criteria.
Water Reliability Analysis in Industrial and Residential Area, Based on NRECA Method Using ArcGIS Software
Authors: Seisia C. T. , Setyandito O. , Juliastuti  , Haripriambodo T.
Published: March 2022

In Purwakarta Regency there is a new area designated as a residential, commercial and industrial area, namely the Jatiluhur Estate Area. With the new area, it is necessary to know whether the availability of water can meet its water needs (water reliability) for the next 50 years. This research also carried out the water reliability mapping. Based on the analysis, both water availability with dependable discharge Q80% and Q90% overall and monthly, can fulfil the water needs of Jatiluhur Estate until 2070. However, with the regulation of water intake in the river, a ground tank is needed which takes into account the water loss of 19%, so that Q90% dependable discharge can fulfil the need while carrying out the regulation. From the results of monthly water reliability mapping, water reliability with Q80% and Q90% (overall) generate one color, four colors with Q80% (monthly), and three colors with Q90% (monthly). Whilst, the annual water reliability map generates one color for water reliability with Q80% and Q90% both overall and monthly.
Geofoam: A potential for Indonesia’s soil problem III – stabilizing retaining wall
Authors: Gunawan A
Published: March 2022

Increasing elevation of ground level is a common necessity in the construction world. For steep inclination, a retaining system is necessary to retain the soil embankment. When the embankment height is high, the required dimensions for the retaining wall can become humongous. This will result in excessive use of concrete, hence higher carbon footprint for the construction. To enable high retaining wall to be built without the support of huge retaining wall, light-weight backfill materials, such as geofoam can be used. In this paper, the use of geofoam to stabilize an eleven metre high retaining wall is presented. The eleven metre high retaining wall was filled with soil up to seven metre high, when cracks started to form in the retaining wall. Analysis show that failure would occur if the embankment continue to be filled. By replacing three metres out of the leftover four metres embankment with geofoam, the displacement of the retaining wall can be reduced from 2.1 m to 0.1 m.
Comparison analysis between plan and actual remaining service life of road pavement using Weight in Motion (WIM) data
Authors: Pionar Rico Giyar , Prahara Eduardi , Nataadmadja Adelia Dwidarma
Published: March 2022

Transportation mobility is increasing every year and road infrastructure experiences increased loads. If the traffic load exceeds the planned load, premature damage can occur immediately and need more resources to maintain the damage. Therefore, Weigh in Motion (WIM)is needed to analyze the actual vehicle load on road infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to identify the Remaining Service Life and direct its maintenance patterns. By using WIM, the value of Remaining Service Life can be estimated. This paper presents the analysis result of the Weight in Motion data at Serang Barat Toll Gate in Indonesia and the impact on the Remaining Service Life. The axle loads were converted to represent single-axle loads based on 4th power formula by MDP 2017. The analysis showed that the CESA value obtained by using WIM data increased by 60.91% compared to the planned load and would cause a decrease in Remaining Service Life from the 20-year plan period to 16.82 years.
A Geoelectric Approach for Karst Groundwater Analysis
Authors: Ferhat Amallia , Seizarsyah Taufik , Bimantio Mohammad Prasanto , Nugraha Nanda Satya , Putra Dian Pratama , Suparyanto Teddy , Hidayat Alam Ahmad , Pardamean Bens
Published: March 2022

Artesian well is one of the major efforts to obtain water source for fulfilling water demands in Eroniti Conservation park, Ponjong, Yogyakarta by drilling deep into several soil layers. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method is the most common approach to determine the existence of groundwater. The method probes layers of rock below the ground surface based on their electrical properties, since the electrical resistivity of each layer is theoretically different. This study aims to utilize the VES approach for investigating the properties of the rock layers in the area to explore groundwater sources. We install six different VES points in the observation area using Schlumberger electrode configuration. The methodology of the work consists of three steps: the planning of the placement of the sounding points, the measurement step performed by a unit of IRIS SYSCAL Resistivity meter, and the data analysis and interpretation. Employing the resistivity analysis, we conclude that the observed region consists of Mediterranean soil as a result of weathering of limestone as well as lithology of the limestone. Furthermore, there are two types of aquifer found in the area: a perched aquifer found 27 meters below the ground surface of VES point 1 and a confined aquifer 166 meters below the ground surface of VES point 2 and 6.
Flow Characteristics Investigation On Trapezoidal Weir Using FLOW 3D
Authors: Setyandito O. , Novandy  , Juliastuti  , Christian S. , Lopa R. T.
Published: March 2022

Weir is a building that is formed to change the nature of river flow to accommodate irrigation needs. The main purpose of a weir is to raise the river water level, drain the channel through the intake channel, allow water to be tapped, control all flow, etc. If a flow experiences a large shock, it will cause a hydraulic jump resulting in a transition of flow from supercritical to subcritical. The analysis can be performed, it was done using the Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) software, FLOW-3D. To model the 3-D weir used in this FLOW-3d, AutoCAD is used and finally, Flow Sight will be used to display visualization results such as graphics and videos. This paper investigates the Froude number and depth-averaged velocity on the trapezoidal weir. Moreover, the numerical modelling of trapezoidal weirs has been compared with the experimental result and numerical modelling of other types of weirs. The results show that the Froude number is proportional to the average velocity of this depth because the Froude number increases with the increase in the average velocity. There is a difference with the flow that flows after the weir, in a trapezoidal weir the Froude number decrease slightly but after that, it increases again downstream.
Comparison of Wind Load on Standard Steel Truss Bridge Based on Indonesian Bridge Loading Codes
Authors: Suangga M. , Sularno
Published: March 2022

The truss bridge is a type of bridge that is widely used in Indonesia because of its practicality and can be constructed in short period of time. The relatively light weight of the truss bridge structure also facilitates the transportation of superstructure materials to bridge locations located in remote areas. The dimensions of the large truss bridge and the relatively light weight cause the figure bridge to be vulnerable to wind loads. Meanwhile, the bridge loading regulations including wind load is continuing to change. Previous design code BMS 1992 and SNI T 02 2005 has been superseded with SNI 1725 2016. One of the main changes to the loading regulations is related to the magnitude and how wind loads are calculated and applied to the bridge structure. This study will compare the magnitude of the wind load in the previous loading regulations in Indonesia with the latest regulations and also with wind loading according to AASHTO on steel truss bridges. A 60-class standard steel truss bridge from the Ministry of Public Works which is used for Case Study. The results showed that there was a significant increase in wind loading by applying SNI 1725 2016 loading regulations
Maximum deflection of simple span steel box girder bridge using stress data
Authors: Suangga M. , Surachmat David
Published: March 2022

The Structural Health Monitoring System is part of tool and method for bridge operation and maintenance to make sure that the bridge is in good condition. Deflection is one of the main parameters to be measured and various methods has been introduced to measure deflection. Accuracy and economically are two main aspects when selecting the method for determine the real time deflection. This study presents a method of determining the maximum deflection of simple span continuous bridge using strain data obtained from a strain gauge sensor for simple span steel box girder bridge. Initial data were obtained from FEM simulations under various load conditions to obtain the maximum deflection value and the strain value. Linear regression and quadratic regression were carried out to obtain the relationship between the strains data and the maximum deflection. The accuracy of the maximum deflection value is then compared with the results of the analysis using FEM. It was found that the accuracy is about 91.16 % for quadratic regression and 9.07 for linear regression 90.93 %.
The effect of additional limestone on expansive soil at Summarecon Emerald East Karawang
Authors: Gede Mahardika I. , Ricci  , Suhendra Andryan , Juliastuti  , Pahlevi Casey
Published: March 2022

Expansive clay soils are soils that have large shrink and swell properties, and their behaviour is affected by water. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical properties and mechanical properties of expansive clay soil. In this study, land samples were taken at the Summarecon Karawang Project. Clay soil in stability with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. The location of study is at Summarecon Emerlad Karawang Timur. The soil character is potential to expand 7.4602%, type CH (Clay - High Compressibility). The result of study is by using carbonate content (CaCO3) the plastic limit increased 7.75%, cohesion increased by 19.44%, the plasticity index decreased by 45%, the specific gravity decreased by 2.8%, the CBR decreased by 58.78%, the swelling decreased by 66.35%. (R).
DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLE DESIGN CHART AS AN EVALUATION OF SLOPE STABILITY
Authors: Suhendra Andryan , Raihan Muhammad , Gede Mahardika Susila I
Published: March 2022

Landslides can damage public facilities and also have a negative impact on the community. This impact will be able to minimize when knowing the slope stability by carrying out the analysis to determine the factor of safety against landslide. The most accurate results usually get from calculation through computer software, but sometime it will take time and also not all of the designer have the sophisticated software. Another method in predicting the slope stability is using design chart as carried out in this study. The aim of this study is as a sustainable development of a simple chart to help the designer in predicting the landslide possibility. The graph will consist of the relationship between the slope height and the factor of safety for several soil strength parameter and slope angles. The slope stability analysis method will be based on LEM (Limit Equilibrium Method) through Bishop’s equation. The result is then being tested through case study and comparing with the other existing design chart and show a satisfactory result.
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF JETTY PILES DUE TO LATERAL FORCE (CASE STUDY: TOURISM HARBOR)
Authors: Wijaya Tasya , Setyandito Oki , Novandy
Published: March 2022

Indonesia location is geographically very strategic for trade since it is located between two continents and two oceans. This condition must be supported by inter-island transportation facilities and infrastructure, including proper harbors. The ongoing construction of Tourism Harbor at South Eastern Bali must have satisfactory stability as an initial survey shows high passenger traffic. The tourism Harbor will connect the hinterland to the Nusa Penida Islands, specifically Sampalan, Buyuk, Toya Pakeh, Jungut Batu, Tanjung Sanghyang, and Munjul Bias.Therefore, analysis of piles subjected to lateral forces is critical to ensuring the stability and serviceability of a jetty structure. This study aims to investigate the structural stability of Tourism Harbor by analyzing the deflection of the pile with configurations such as pile diameter (35 cm, 45 cm, and 60 cm), pile materials (concrete pile and steel pile), and the berthing force caused by two types of passenger ships (Bounty Cruise and Bali Hai II) under extreme condition of HWS (2.6 m). The analysis results indicate that an insignificant deflection can be obtained by using a large diameter pile and installing steel piles.
Virtual Plant of Basil (Ocimum Basillicum) by Using Functional-Structural Plant Model
Authors: Utama Ditdit Nugeraha , Purwantono Heraldo Y
Published: March 2022

Indonesia is one of the most populated and large country in south-east Asia. Its abundance of natural resources was well known. Supported by its tropical climate, made Indonesia is also among the largest tropical country in the world. However, according to the data, arable land in Indonesia has drastically decreased over the years in line with the rising demand for residency areas. This statistic shows a rather concerning fact that it is possible that even though Indonesia with this richness of natural resources one day would not fulfil its own domestic food needs. Moreover, competitions and hindrances that experienced by the Indonesian farmers might also worsen this limited food supply. In this research, the computational plant model (called virtual model) of the above-land Basil plant (Ocimum Basillicum P.) was proposed. The Basil plant that is taken as a research object is specific. It is a plant growing in a hydroponic environment. By using structural and functional plant model (FSPM) and simple mathematical and statistical methods, the constructed model was able to portray the growth pattern of each plant organ morphologically and biologically. The development and growth patterns of each plant organ (i.e., stem, petiole, leaves, etc.) are also depicted in detail and precisely. The model was quite novel. It practically can be exploited by agronomists and researchers to see the potential effort in optimizing the plant’s yield.