bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Que sont devenues les attentes ?
Authors: Pons Christophe
Published: September 2014

Cet article propose un examen des christianismes millénaristes dans des sociétés de l’Atlantique Nord (Islande et Féroé) et Sud (Cap-Vert). De confessions, de cultures et d’histoires différentes, ces îles ont gagné leurs indépendances au cours du xxe siècle. Dans ces entreprises de libération, des fabriques religieuses ont joué localement des rôles majeurs en répondant à l’attente d’un destin eschatologique, et à celle d’un devenir souverain immédiat. Peu observés par les sciences sociales qui ne les ont pas appréhendés comme des appropriations autochtones mais comme des diffusions d’Amérique et d’Europe, ces christianismes (adventisme, pentecôtisme, méthodisme, calvinisme et luthéranisme) révèlent une autre histoire des utopies sociales indigènes. Contraints de gérer l’impatience et les attentes trop longues, ils témoignent en outre d’un rapport singulier au temps, entre le défi de la pérennité et l’imminence d’une fin annoncée.
Honteux d’attendre
Authors: Pardy Maree
Published: September 2014

Cet article est basé sur la réaction et les émotions d’une Vietnamo-Australienne apprenant un matin que de jeunes Vietnamiens ont mortellement agressé d’autres Vietnamiens. La manière dont la presse à sensations a rapporté l’événement la rend honteuse de son identité vietnamienne et de ce que son corps en révèle. L’auteure analyse les sentiments de honte créés par l’attente d’appartenance à une société australienne qui s’autoproclame multiculturelle. Elle insiste sur cette honte de l’attente, ainsi que sur la passivité et l’agressivité occasionnelle auxquelles elle conduit.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Nb-Sn-HA Composites Produced by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Wan Nawai Wan Nurul Syaza , Awang Kasani Norhanida , Nordin Razif , Ahmad Zainal Arifin , Shamsuddin Saidatulakmar
Published: September 2014

The influence of difference sintering temperature: 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C and 1300°C on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a biomedical Ti–35Nb-2.5Sn-15HA (wt.%) composite was investigated with regard to densification, porosity and hardness. Ti composite process was performed on elemental metal powders by blend the powder mixture at a rotating speed of 200 rpm mixing for 10 min and then sintered with difference temperature. The composites produced were then subjected to the following test: densification, Vickers micro hardness, microstructure by using SEM and X-ray diffraction analysis. Result indicated that the densification and Vickers micro hardness shown a decrease trend with the increasing of temperature due to the increasing trend of porosity up to 73%.
Spontaneous Ignition Behavior of Nitrocellulose–Sulfuric Acid Mixtures
Authors: Katoh Katsumi , Higashi Eiko , Saburi Tei , Ito Shunsuke , Wada Yuji , Kawaguchi Shuhei , Kumagae Kosuke , Arai Mitsuru
Published: September 2014

Nitrocellulose (NC) is known to undergo spontaneous ignition, and its thermal stability has been previously reported to decrease in the presence of sulfuric acid. In this study, we evaluated the decomposition and ignition behavior of NC in the presence of sulfuric acid using an accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) and hand-built ignition testing equipment. The results of the ARC experiment indicated that the thermal stability of NC decreased when the amount of sulfuric acid was increased above 10-5 mol/g (NC). In addition, when NC (4 g) mixed with sulfuric acid (6.6 mol/L, 1 g) was isothermally stored at 75°C in a glass flask, the color of the reaction mixture changed from white to brown. After 83–127 min, NC spontaneously ignited and produced a loud explosion.
Impact-Echo Methods to Assessment Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Šamárková Kristýna , Chobola Zdeněk , Štefková Daniela , Kusák Ivo
Published: September 2014

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the corrosion of reinforced concrete structure. To assess the state of corrosion we used frequency signal analysis, where we observed the changes in dominant frequencies and growth of damping factor λ. Tension pulse was produced in axis of the rod at one end and detected in axis at opposite end of rod. Diameter of steel rod was 8 mm. The article presents the results of measurements obtained during 24 months controlled degradation in aqueous NaCl solution.
Optical Characterization of Undoped and Au-Doped MoS2 Single Crystals
Authors: Sigiro Mula , Huang Ying Sheng , Ho Ching Hwa
Published: September 2014

Single crystals of undoped and Au-doped MoS2 were grown by the chemical vapor transport method using iodine as a transporting agent. The doping effect of the Au was characterized by temperature-dependent piezoreflectance (PzR) spectroscopy measurements in broad range of temperatures from 25 to 300 K. The temperature dependent PzR spectra revealed prominent features in the vicinity of direct-band-edge excitons for both investigated samples. The energies and broadening parameters of the A and B excitons were determined via a detailed line shape fit of the PzR spectra. We observed that Au doping strongly reduces the splitting between A and B excitons as well as it causes the redshift of observed transitions in relation to the undoped MoS2. The origin of observed excitons was discussed.
Design of Remote Control Parking Lock Based on KEELOQ Encryption Technology
Authors: Zhang Hai Feng , Xu Chang Dong
Published: September 2014

In most of current implementation scheme of remote control parking lock, fixed encoding chips are widely used. Due to its poor security and limited encoding length, it is easy to invade the system by “copying and retransmitting” “scanning and tracking”. In this paper, a hopping code technology based on non-linear shift register technology is utilized. This scheme ensures that the code sent by the transmitter each time is random, non-repeated and irregular, improving the security and immunity of the parking lock effectively. When the software and hardware of parking lock are designed based on PIC16F690 microcontroller, the security of the whole system has been well verified.
Research and Implementation of Moving Object Contour Extraction Algorithm Based on GPU
Authors: Zhao Kai Min , Chen Yu Ting , Li Jun , Yang Hao , Chen Li Ying
Published: September 2014

In this paper, frame differential method will be used to detect moving targets in a static background video file, and pre-contour can be obtained by binarizing the detected targets . However,, the result are not what was expected, so the expansion and corrosion of mathematical morphology are used to extract the final contour of moving targets. in the progress of dealing with massive data , mathematical morphology is not good enough to achieve the need of the real-time in video surveillance. Considering the dilation and erosion is a kind of parallel processing operations, in order to improve the speed of mathematical morphology operations, this paper offers detailed implementation process of the dilation algorithm for parallel computing on GPU. Experimental results showed that GPU parallel processing on mathematical morphology algorithm faster than the CPU serial processing.
Application Research of 3D Imaging Sonar System in Salvage Process
Authors: Luo Xiu Bo , Xu De Min , Hu Jun Jun , Hu Xiao Mei
Published: September 2014

In the salvage process, data about the shape of shipwreck, sink sitting posture, buried degree and other related information should be required in order to develop salvage program. Three-dimensional imaging sonar is used to provide such data for salvage work by underwater acoustic detection and three-dimensional imaging technology. An application example is described and the results show the effectiveness.
The Research and Development of CNC Diamond Faceting Machine
Authors: Yang Xiao Ping , Gu Yi Jin , Zhou Zhi Min , Qi Jian Ru , Guo Long Xiang
Published: September 2014

Diamond faceting is an important process of precious metal jewelry.Now it mainly rely on traditional processing methods to operate manual processing, but the pattern processed by manual is poor quality, consistency, and it also requires workers to have higher operating techniques and experience. What’s more, after long continuous work, workers’ body will cause some damage. This article develops a five-axis CNC diamond faceting machine based on Solidworks platform, introduces the design of each axis of the machine and describes the research of the tool path algorithm on the surface of jewelry and completes the parametric equations’ derivation of space curve in the surface of ellipsoid, finally use MATLAB GUI module to write the tool path generation software.
Fuzzy-Adaptive PID Based Tow Tension Controller for Robotic Automated Fiber Placement
Authors: Chen Jie , Xu Wen Jun , Wang Ben , Duan Yu Gang , Zhang Xiao Hui
Published: September 2014

Robotic automated fiber placement (Robotic AFP) was a cost-effective and highly innovative approach to produce large and complex composite structures. In order to achieve desired qualities, the tow tension of the process required to becontrolled accurately. Due to the high nonlinearity of the system, such as the large elastic modulus, flexibility and viscosity of the tow, traditional methods failed to work effectively. A fuzzy-adaptive PIDcontroller combining fuzzy logic and adaptive PID together was proposed in this work. Fuzzy logic was able to respond quickly to disturbances without the need for an accurate model and adaptive PID control could eliminate the steady-state error by adapting its parameters to the working conditions. With this method, the tow tension could be precisely regulated thus improved the qualities of the composite structures.
Hysteresis Compensation Control for a Current-Driven Reluctance Actuator Using the Adaptive MNN
Authors: Liu Yu Ping , Liu Zhi Kang , Yang Xiao Feng
Published: September 2014

The next-generation semiconductor lithography equipment needs a suitable actuator to meet the requirement of high-speed, high-acceleration and high-precision. Reluctance actuator, which has a unique property of small volume, low current and can produce great force, is a very suitable choice. One of the major application challenges of reluctance actuator is the hysteresis of the force, which has a nonlinear relationship with respect to the current and is directly related to the final accuracy in the nanometer range. Therefore, it is necessary to study the control method for the hysteresis in reluctance force. This paper proposes a hysteresis control configuration for the current-driven variable reluctance actuator with hysteresis using the adaptive multilayer neural network (MNN), which is used as a learning machine of hysteresis. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in overcoming the hysteresis.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Grain Growth of Beta Titanium Alloy
Authors: Lee Dong Geun , Li Cheng Lin , Lee Yong Tae
Published: September 2014

One of the disadvantages of β-Ti alloys is rapidgrain coarsening at elevated temperatures due to accelerated diffusion in the βphase region. Microstructural stability of β-Ti alloys would depend on theirability to maintain refined grains or microstructures at high temperatures. Thebeta grain growth kinetics of a newly designed beta titanium alloy has beensystematically investigated in this research. The grain growth exponent (n) value is at the range of 0.1-0.2,about 0.1 at low temperatures and about 0.2 at high temperatures over 950°C. Itis lower than other beta titanium alloys. The reason of lower n values can be investigated in the viewof the solute and the diffusivity in the titanium matrix.
Influence of the Electrodeposited Co-Fe Alloys’ Characteristics on their Magnetic Properties
Authors: Chotibhawaris Thanakrit , Tachai Luangvaranunt , Jantaratana Pongsakorn , Boonyongmaneerat Yuttanant
Published: September 2014

Nanocrystalline CoFe films were fabricated by electrodeposition process for an investigation of the relationship between the alloys’ characteristics and their magnetic properties. The study shows that coating thickness promotes softer magnetic properties of the films, and induces changes of film roughness, preferred orientation and domain pattern. The preferred orientation of the ~1 μm films (thin films) is (110) plane, whereas that of the ~3 μm films (thick films) are (110) and (200) planes. The magnetic domain of the thin films exhibit a stripe-liked pattern, whereas a bubble-liked pattern appears in the thick films. Iron content significantly affects the magnetic properties of the thick films. In this study, the 57.3wt.%Fe thick film has the highest saturation magnetization, and the 80.0wt.%Fe thick film shows the lowest coercivity.
Diffusion Coefficient of Nickel in Ni2Al3 Intermetallic Compound
Authors: Khieokae Marut , Hanamornroongruang Ratchawit , Ramasoot Ratachris , Taechakaesaree Akadej , Ngamchaliew Paphawit , Tachai Luangvaranunt
Published: September 2014

Nickel alloys have been widely used for high temperature applications such as gas turbine engine, turbine blade and many high temperature resistance components. Aluminizing is one of effective to increase oxidation resistant of nickel alloys by forming nickel aluminide compounds on nickel surface. Nickel aluminide is formed by the diffusion mechanism. This research aims to study the diffusion behavior of nickel in Ni2Al3 compound. The diffusion coefficient is determined using Ni/Al diffusion couple forming Ni2Al3 and NiAl3 phases. The temperatures under study are 873, 973, and 1073 K, which are at above and below melting point of aluminum. Determination of diffusion coefficient of Ni in Ni2Al3 is from mass balance concept: flux difference at interphase causes accumulation of atoms in compound layer, which as be derived as: dxαβ/dt = [1/(nβ-nα)] * [Dα *(dnα/dx) - Dβ *(dnβ/dx)] From this equation, diffusion coefficient of Ni in Ni2Al3 at 873 and 1073 K are calculated as 6.243×10-11 and 6.82×10-9 m2/s, respectively. From Arrhenius equation of diffusivity, D = Doexp (-Q/RT), the activation energy for diffusion of nickel in Ni2Al3 is found to be 183 kJ/mol. The result obtained in this research is of great use in controlling aluminizing process.
Design and Research of Synchronous-Style Clamping Mechanism for Cable-Detecting Robot
Authors: Wu Bing Hui , Xi Jian Jun
Published: September 2014

Cable-detecting robot can replace human to accomplish various dangerous works. Comparing with labor practices, the robot not only reduce costs greatly but also guarantee the safety of workers. Thus, it is of broad application prospects. To assure the reliable action of the robot on the rope, a synchronous-style plane for clamping mechanism was proposed in this paper. According to the operation requirements of the robot, design criterion of clamping-force of this lock-mechanism was prompted. Utilizing 3D modeling software Pro/E, simulation model of synchronous clamping mechanism was built. And then displacement curve, velocity curve and acceleration curve will be obtained from the clamping mechanism output.
Design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Rotor Position Detection System Based on TLE5012
Authors: Wang Zhen , Luo Jian Ping , Qiu Xiang
Published: September 2014

Currently, the application of permanent magnet synchronous motor is in a wide range of electric vehicle. Field oriented control algorithm is the main way to control permanent magnet synchronous motor, the magnetic field oriented control must be precise to get the rotational position of the motor. Therefore, the performance of the motor position sensor directly affects the accuracy of the magnetic field oriented control. There are three main kinds of sensors: photoelectric position sensor, magnetic position sensor and magnetic sensor. Due to its superior performance, the application of magnetic position sensors is increasingly widespread. This paper designed permanent magnet synchronous motor position detection circuit for the position of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on TLE5012 used to detect the position and 32-bit micro-controllers Infineon TC1767 used as the main chip.
The Review of Development of Modern Technology of Surveying and Mapping Methods
Authors: Liu Yong Ji
Published: September 2014

Since China's reform and opening up, with the rapid development of our country economy, people living standard rise, the progress of science and technology as well, Modern surveying and mapping technology plays a very important role in both subject theory, technical level and in terms of application scope, have taken place in the larger changes, to solve the problem of social development and the national economy. In this paper for the application and development of surveying and mapping technology is also discussed and prospected.
Design and Simulation of Enhanced Two-Transistor Forward DC/DC Converter
Authors: Xu Guo Ying , Zou Hua Chang , Yang Hao , Liu Kai Yi
Published: September 2014

This document analyzes the limit of duty circle in a conventional two-transistor forward DC/DC converter which is disadvantageous to efficiency. To solve this problem, the resonant reset technology is introduced to the converter. The enhanced two-transistor forward DC/DC converter is able to increase its duty circle exceeding 50% and the resonance voltage is constant which is propitious to heighten the efficiency. Simulation is implemented for the purpose of validating the feasibility.
Study on the Seepage Defect at the Connection of the Overflow Dam and the Earth Dam of Banqiao Reservoir
Authors: Nie Bai Song , Shen Zhen Zhong
Published: September 2014

The main dam of Banqiao reservoir consists of the concrete overflow dam and the earth dam in both sides, which are connected by concrete lateral key wall. Field observation shows that serious leakage problems exist at the connection of the overflow dam and the earth dam in right bank. According to the real size of structures, the FEM model are established to calculate and analysis the seepage field characteristics at the connection part. The potential ground water level shows that the reservoir water flowing to the downstream bypassing and passing through the lateral key wall and the anti-seepage curtain. And there exists partial seepage passage at the connection part. As the contact seepage gradient along the lateral key wall is uneven, the contact leakage at the connection part is not fully safe although the average contact seepage gradient is within the permissible range. Effective measures should be taken to solve the seepage defects at the connection part.
Is it Possible to Repair Detached Composites Effectively after Failure of Masonry Strengthening
Authors: Kwiecień Arkadiusz , Zając Bogusław
Published: September 2014

Strengthening of masonry structures using various externally bonded composite materials have been developed in the last decade. De-bonding of the FRP strengthening system from masonry, caused by an earthquake, has to be repaired quickly to protect the weakened structure against demolition during an aftershock. In this case the new rapid bonding methods, allowing for ductile behavior and reducing stress concentrations in the weakened masonry substrate, are missing. These rules fulfill highly deformable adhesives, made of flexible polyurethane polymers. In the paper, the results of Single Lap Shear Tests are presented, carried out on the specimens made of weak bricks strengthened using GFRP, BFRP, CFRP and SRP strips. They are compared with results obtained on the same specimens but repaired after failure using stiff epoxy adhesive and highly deformable polyurethane adhesive. Comparison of the obtained ultimate loads in damage tests and failure modes allowed determining efficiency of the tested repair methods.
A Study of the Fracture Process at the FRP-Masonry Interface: The Role of the Periodic Pattern of Bricks and Mortar Joints
Authors: Focacci Francesco , Carloni Christian
Published: September 2014

This paper sheds light into the effect of the periodic pattern of bricks and mortar joints on the load-carrying capacity of the interface between fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and masonry. Two simplified cohesive material laws are proposed for the FRP-mortar and FRP-brick interfaces, which allow for the computation in closed form of a finite effective bond length Leff of the interfaces. The aforementioned simplified interfacial laws are employed to compute the load response of the FRP-masonry interface, and to obtain the interfacial shear stress, the FRP axial strain, and the slip profiles along the bonded length. The results indicate that length of the stress-transfer zone (LSTZ) of the FRP-masonry interface varies periodically as its location shifts with respect to the position of the mortar joints. Furthermore LSTZ can be different from the effective length of the FRP-brick interface and is influenced by the size of the bricks and mortar joints.
Seismic Retrofit of an Industrial Structure with PBO-FRCM
Authors: Rossato Alessio , Mantegazza Giovanni
Published: September 2014

“Music City Mall” is a building with an area of 11,693 square meters providing space for music production as well as a meeting place with dance room, bar, fitness centre and a 1500 seats theatre. The building is the first example in Marghera, Italy, of refurbishment of an abandoned factory obtained by wrapping the existing concrete skeleton with a skin of thin glass and covering it with a bright canopy resembling a pumping core of music and colours. The existing structure is made of large concrete arches that do not have necessary resistance against seismic actions. The seismic retrofit consisted of strengthening and increasing the ductility of concrete sections with PBO-FRCM (Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix). FRCM differs from FRP reinforcement systems in that the epoxy resin is replaced with a special stabilized cement matrix. Experimental evidence has shown that PBO-FRCM system has the same mechanical performance of traditional unidirectional carbon FRP. Furthermore, experimental data and those obtained from their elaboration show that FRCM reinforcement has some advantages with respect to the traditional FRP. In particular, FRCM is compatible with the substrate to be reinforced (surface porosity of substrate where system is applied remains unvaried), and durability, especially with respect to temperature and relative humidity, is guaranteed.
Effect of Different Dopants in Films TEOS/MPTS Used to Protect the Carbon Steel
Authors: Silva F.S. , Suegama P.H. , Silva W.P. , Rinaldi A.W. , Domingues N.L.C. , Matsumoto M.Y. , Salazar L.G.
Published: September 2014

Schiff bases m-toluene N-Salicylideneaniline (m-TOL), (B) m-nitro-N- Salicylideneaniline (m-NTR) and (C) m-methoxy-N-salicylideneaniline (m-MTX) and cerium ions were studied added to 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and added to the hybrid film based tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) e 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS). The polarization measurements showed lower current densities for the steel in NaCl with m-MTX, indicating that the m-MTX may be acting as an inhibitor. The hybrid films were doped with the m-MTX, Ce (III) or Ce (IV). Electrochemical measurements of open circuit potential (EOC), polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the hybrid films. According Electrochemical Impedance measurements, all hybrid films, provided protection to the carbon steel. The films doped with Ce (IV), provided greater protection than the other, which indicates that this is the most suitable dopant for use in films.
Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Potential Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites
Authors: Leal R.C.A. , Nascimento I.V.S.R. , Fook M.V.L. , Meira R.C.
Published: September 2014

The incorporation of calcium phosphate in a polymer matrix for composites production combines the flexibility of the polymers with the resistance, hardness and bioactivity of the inorganic phase. This study aimed to obtain rigid biocomposites using hydroxyapatite as mineral phase and chitosan as a polymer binder for the application as a biomaterial. To obtain the biocomposites, hydroxyapatite was added under constant stirring to a solution of chitosan in order to satisfy a 70:30 (HA/CS) ratio. XRD results showed no significant change in the profile of hydroxyapatite with the incorporation of chitosan. The analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the biocomposite HA/CS, indicated that there was an excellent dispersion of HA particles in the polymeric matrix. Infrared Spectroscopy with Fourier Transform (FTIR) analysis proved an existing interaction between chitosan and hydroxyapatite. The biocompatibility of biocomposites HA/CS was confirmed by the MTT assay. It is considered that the present biocomposites are a promising biomaterial for trabecular bone grafting
Drawing Tantalum Encapsulated in the Cooper Pipe
Authors: de Oliveira Borges Murilo , Martinez Gustavo Aristides Santana , Baldissera Márcia Regina , Rodrigues Geovani , Ribeiro Rosinei Batista , Silva Gilbert
Published: September 2014

Tantalum has characteristics such as excellent ductility, high corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength at high temperatures and high resistance to etching of acids and bases. Its high ductility allows the realization of large reductions without the need for intermediate heat treatment. A process for the production of tantalum wire is drawing. However, when using this process, the high ductility of the tantalum (Ta) metal causes a retention/accumulation of the Ta in the spinneret. Therefore, to be drawn is necessary that the tantalum is encapsulated in a copper tube. In this work was produced a Ta wire by means of rotary forging and drawing process. In the drawing process of the tantalum encapsulated in copper tube, was the appearance of striation on the surface of tantalum, when applied to an area reduction (AR) of approximately 22%. This fact is possibly related to the different sliding systems with consequent formation of non-hydrostatic stress fields at the interface Cu / Ta. After an area reduction (AR) of 94% the Cu was removed from the surface of the wire, through chemical etching, and this wire was drawn up to 0.43mm without retention/accumulation of the Ta in the spinneret.
Elaboration of Reservoir Simulation Software for Academic Purpose
Authors: Salles José Leonardo Martins , de Azevedo Ricardo Cabral , de Tomi Giorgio
Published: September 2014

Petroleum engineering is advancing to exploit deeper and more unstable formations. Therefore, the knowledge of how the reservoir behaves with production has to increase significantly. That is why in the study of reservoir engineering simulation is necessary: to understand how the reservoir behaves without actually having a producing well to perform monitoring on. Brazil, as one of the leading entrepreneurs in non-traditional wells, needs engineers who have the know-how in reservoir engineering. A fluid flow simulator has been developed with an input of the geological information of the formation in which the reservoir is, the desired production, how many and what types of wells (production or injection) are to be installed and how long will be the horizon of study. The simulator is designed to solve the derived multi-linear system of differential equations thru numerical analysis. The output is point-to-point graphics of pressure, fluid flow and loss of pressure due to production. These outputs have direct application for academic purposes, showing to first-timers what is the optimal project of production for a reservoir, where the wells should be located to give maximum production with minimum effect to internal pressure, this way increasing the lifespan of the reservoir itself.
CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Quantum Dots Synthesized with Water Soluble Polymer for Potential Biosensor Applications
Authors: Pereira Ramanery Fábio , Piscitelli Mansur Alexandra Ancelmo , Sander Mansur Herman
Published: September 2014

Quantum dots (QDs) are very promising advanced materials due to their nanoscale dimensions and properties of quantum confinement. Among the most promising applications of QDs, the use as biomaterials is highlighted, especially as optical biosensors and biomarkers. In this work CdSe-CdS core-shell nanoparticles were obtained through colloidal aqueous route at room temperature. The biocompatible polymer poly (vinyl alcohol) modified with carboxyl groups (PVA-COOH) was used as a stabilizing agent. The effect of growing CdS shell on the quantum properties and dimensions of CdSe nanoparticles (core-shell structure) was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed the influence of the growth of the CdS shell layers in the optical properties of quantum dots. Based on the results it can be stated that conjugated systems of CdS/CdSe-PVA-COOH were obtained and exhibited enhanced photoluminescent behavior, an essential property to use this system in biosensing devices.
Medical Polyurethane Covered by Diglyme Plasma Polymer
Authors: Mota Rogério Pinto , Honda Roberto Y. , Kostov Konstantin Georgiev , Kayama Milton E. , Algatti Mauricio A. , de Campos Elson , Lucena Emerson F. , Ribeiro Maria A.
Published: September 2014

Plasma polymerized diglyme (pp-diglyme) is a promising class of biomedical materials due to hydrophilic features when deposited under excitation by RF low power. In order to reach this goal this paper deals with plasma polymerization of diethylene-glycoldimethyl-ether (diglyme here after) by RF-excited plasmas under power ranging from 5 to 20 W and pressure of 6.6 Pa. Films were deposited on glass and aqueous polyurethane dispersion substrates (PUD). For the values of RF used in this paper, film thickness varied from 51 nm to 64 nm. Such films were deposited on flexible biocompatible polyurethane that is not resistant to acids and bases as plasma polymerized diglyme. The recovering of these materials with pp-diglyme films let them with a resistant biocompatible feature that is appropriate for use in aggressive environments. The contact angle measurements show the variation from 56° to 64° for a surface energy which varies from 68 mJ/m2to 59 mJ/m2, respectively. The FTIR data show that the main functional groups in the polymeric film structure are C-H (3000 cm-1to 2900 cm-1), C-O-C and C-O (1200 cm-1to 900 cm-1) similar to the polyethylene oxide (PEO) structure. The refractive index results show a variation from 1.58 to 1.63.
Pegylated Bisacycloxypropylcysteine, a Diacylated Lipopeptide Ligand of TLR6, Plays a Host-Protective Role against Experimental Leishmania major Infection
Authors: Pandey Surya Prakash , Chandel Himanshu Singh , Srivastava Sunit , Selvaraj Sathishkumar , Jha Mukesh Kumar , Shukla Divanshu , Ebensen Thomas , Guzman Carlos A. , Saha Bhaskar
Published: September 2014

TLRs recognize pathogen-expressed Ags and elicit host-protective immune response. Although TLR2 forms heterodimers with TLR1 or TLR6, recognizing different ligands, differences in the functions of these heterodimers remain unknown. In this study, we report that in Leishmania major-infected macrophages, the expression of TLR1 and TLR2, but not TLR6, increased; TLR2–TLR2 association increased, but TLR2–TLR6 association diminished. Lentivirus-expressed TLR1–short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or TLR2–shRNA administration reduced, but TLR6–shRNA increased L. major infection in BALB/c mice. Corroboratively, Pam3CSK4 (TLR1–TLR2 ligand) and peptidoglycan (TLR2 ligand) increased L. major infection but reduced TLR9 expression, whereas pegylated bisacycloxypropylcysteine (BPPcysMPEG; TLR2–TLR6 ligand) reduced L. major number in L. major-infected macrophages, accompanied by increased TLR9 expression, higher IL-12 production, and inducible NO synthase expression. Whereas MyD88, Toll/IL-1R adaptor protein, and TNFR-α–associated factor 6 recruitments to TLR2 were not different in Pam3CSK4-, peptidoglycan-, or BPPcysMPEG-treated macrophages, only BPPcysMPEG enhanced p38MAPK and activating transcription factor 2 activation. BPPcysMPEG conferred antileishmanial functions to L. major-infected BALB/c-derived T cells in a macrophage–T cell coculture and in BALB/c mice; the protection was TLR6 dependent and IL-12 dependent, and it was accompanied by reduced regulatory T cell number. BPPcysMPEG administration during the priming with fixed L. major protected BALB/c mice against challenge L. major infection; the protection was accompanied by low IL-4 and IL-10, but high IFN-γ productions and reduced regulatory T cells. Thus, BPPcysMPEG, a novel diacylated lipopeptide ligand for TLR2–TLR6 heterodimer, induces IL-12–dependent, inducible NO synthase–dependent, T-reg–sensitive antileishmanial protection. The data reveal a novel dimerization partner-dependent duality in TLR2 function.
Pore‐water exchange driven by tidal pumping causes alkalinity export in two intertidal inlets
Authors: Faber Peter A. , Evrard Victor , Woodland Ryan J. , Cartwright Ian C. , Cook Perran L. M.
Published: September 2014

Carbon (C) and alkalinity export from two adjacent intertidal inlets with different terrestrial inputs was investigated. One inlet receives a small creek from an agriculturally dominated catchment, leading to the input of terrestrially sourced material, whereas the other is relatively isolated from terrestrial inputs. Using time‐series measurements, we calculated the total advective exchange of dissolved organic C (DOC; 0–25 mmol m‒2 d‒1), dissolved inorganic C (DIC; 130–450 mmol m‒2 d‒1), total alkalinity (TA; 46–310 mmol m‒ d‒1), and the nutrients nitrate (1.0–1.1 mmol m‒2 d‒1), ammonia (0.0043–0.10 mmol m‒2 d‒1), and phosphorus (0.016–0.25 mmol m‒2 d‒1). Radon‐222 (222Rn) data indicated that pore‐water exchange played an important part in controlling C export from the sediment as an advective flux. The residence time of pore water within both inlets was ~ 6.6–7.4 h, indicating that pore‐water exchange is driven by tidal pumping. The inlet with the greater amount of terrestrial inputs exported much more TA (310 vs. 46 mmol m‒2 d‒1), suggesting that the extent of land‐to‐sea connectivity influences how C is exported. We hypothesize that this is due to the increased input of iron (Fe) from terrestrial sources, which fosters net TA production through the burial of reduced sulfur species as Fe sulfides. A simple mass balance showed that the TA fluxes observed over 24 h were higher than could be sustained continuously with Fe input from the catchment (0.49 mmol Fe m‒2 d‒1), meaning that the observed TA fluxes could not be sustained on long timescales. It is most likely that there are periods of net reduction and net oxidation in response to wave action and calm conditions, highlighting the importance of long‐term monitoring over different seasons and weather patterns to obtain representative budgets.
Seasonal dynamics of autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton metabolism and PCO2 in a subarctic Greenland fjord
Authors: Sejr Mikael K. , Krause-Jensen Dorte , Dalsgaard Tage , Ruiz-Halpern Sergio , Duarte Carlos M. , Middelboe Mathias , Glud Ronne N. , Bendtsen Jørgen , Balsby Thorsten J. S. , Rysgaard Søren
Published: September 2014

We measured net planktonic community production (NCP), community respiration (CR), and gross primary production (GPP) in September, February, and May in a subarctic Greenland fjord influenced by glacial meltwater and terrestrial runoff. Potential controls of pelagic carbon cycling, including the role of terrestrial carbon, were investigated by relating surface‐water partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2), NCP, GPP, and CR to physicochemical conditions, chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, phytoplankton production, inventories of particulate (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and vertical flux of POC. The planktonic community was net heterotrophic in the photic zone in September (NCP 5 ‒21 ± 45 mmol O2 m‒2 d‒1) and February (NCP 5 ‒17 mmol O2 m‒2 d‒1) but net autotrophic during a developing spring bloom in May (NCP 5 129 ± 102 mmol O2 m‒2 d‒1). In September, higher temperatures, shorter day lengths, and lower Chl a concentrations compared with May caused increased rates of CR, lower GPP rates, and net heterotrophy in the photic zone. The GPP required to exceed CR and where NCP becomes positive was low (in May: 1.58 ± 0.48 µmol O2 L‒1 d‒1 and September: 3.06 ± 0.82 µmol O2 L‒1 d‒1) and in the range of open ocean values, indicating that allochtonous carbon did not stimulate CR. The PCO2 in the surface water was below atmospheric levels (September average 25.0 ± 0.71 Pa, February 35.4 ± 0.40 Pa, and May 19.8 ± 1.21 Pa), rendering the ecosystem a sink of atmospheric CO2. NCP was identified as an important driver of surface PCO2 , with high rates of autotrophy and vertical export of POC reducing surface PCO2 during summer. In winter, net heterotrophy added CO2 to the water column, but this postive effect on PCO2 was balanced by simultaneous cooling of the water column, which decreased PCO2 because of increased solubility of CO2. High autochthonous production implies a relatively limited influence of allochthonous carbon on pelagic carbon balance and CO2 dynamics in the fjord.
Introduction to Satellite Oceanography
Authors: Marra John
Published: September 2014

This lecture is designed for undergraduates, to show how satellites contribute to the understanding of ocean dynamics. Satellite sensors can measure properties of the surface ocean with a sampling coverage unachievable from ocean‐going research vessels. The four geophysical variables of the ocean that satellites can observe are sea‐surface temperature, surface winds, the relative height of the sea surface, and the color of the ocean. Sea surface temperature is measured by sensing the infrared radiation emanating from the ocean. Surface winds are deduced from the roughness of the surface ocean using a radar on the satellite. Sea surface height is estimated from knowing, very accurately the altitude of the satellite relative to the earth. Ocean color is measured with a spectrometer on board the satellite. The lecture will give students appreciation of the power of satellite oceanography, while also considering its limitations. This lecture avoids overly technical information and the particulars of the various satellites, in favor of a description of how the measurements are made that can be understood at the undergraduate level. Students are encouraged to make use of satellite data, which is publicly available.
Pedagogy Left in Peace
Authors: Jardine David W.
Published: September 2014

The idea of fragmentation has transformed the living, convivial pursuit of knowledge into something akin to an industrial assembly line. Schooling in North America is inherently based on this idea, working against the spirit of pedagogy and the very nature of knowledge itself. Fragmentation has lead to practices that are easily recognizable in schools such as surveillance, colonization, leveling, standardization, normalization and even oppression: the logic of fragmentation has lead to the breaking apart of the living disciplines of knowledge entrusted to teachers and students in the classroom.

In this profound and challenging book, David Jardine explores some of the historical and philosophical ancestries of the logic of fragmentation and then lays out how the logic of fragmentation is being interrupted by progressive contemporary thinking about the nature of knowledge and its pursuit. Jardine uses real classroom examples to show how inspiring teachers and students have stepped out from the normal rigidity of the school system to pursue a pedagogy left in peace.
Contemporary Caribbean Writing and Deleuze
Authors: Burns Lorna
Published: September 2014

Contemporary Caribbean Writing and Deleuze maps a new intellectual and literary history of postcolonial Caribbean writing and thought spanning from the 1930s surrealist movement to the present, crossing the region's language blocs, and focused on the interconnected principles of creativity and commemoration. Exploring the work of René Ménil, Édouard Glissant, Wilson Harris, Derek Walcott, Antonio Benítez-Rojo, Pauline Melville, Robert Antoni and Nalo Hopkinson, this study reveals the explicit and implicit engagement with Deleuzian thought at work in contemporary Caribbean writing. Uniting for the first time two major schools of contemporary thought - postcolonialism and post-continental philosophy - this study establishes a new and innovative critical discourse for Caribbean studies and postcolonial theory beyond the oppositional dialectic of colonizer and colonized. Drawing from Deleuze's writings on Bergson, Nietzsche and Spinoza, this study interrogates the postcolonial tropes of newness, becoming, relationality and a philosophical concept of immanence that lie at the heart of a little-observed dialogue between contemporary Caribbean writers and Deleuze.
Aesthetics and Film
Authors: Thomson-Jones Katherine
Published: September 2014

Aesthetics and Film is a philosophical study of the art of film. Its motivation is the recent surge of interest among analytic philosophers in the philosophical implications of central issues in film theory and the application of general issues in aesthetics to the specific case of film.

Of particular interest are questions concerning the distinctive representational capacities of film art, particularly in relation to realism and narration, the influence of the literary paradigm in understanding film authorship and interpretation, and our imaginative and affective engagement with film.

For all of these questions, Katherine Thomson-Jones critically compares the most compelling answers, driving home key points with a wide range of film examples including Wiene's The Cabinet of Doctor Caligari, Eisenstein's October, Hitchcock's Rear Window, Kubrick's The Shining and Sluizer's The Vanishing. Students and scholars of aesthetics and cinema will find this an illuminating, accessible and highly enjoyable investigation into the nature and power of a technologically evolving art form.
Sartre’s Phenomenology
Authors: Reisman David
Published: September 2014

In Being and Nothingness Sartre picks up diverging threads in the phenomenological tradition, weaves them together with ideas from Gestalt and behaviourist psychology, and asks: What is consciousness? What is its relationship to the body, to the external world, and to other minds? Sartre believes that the mind and its states are by-products of introspection, created in the act that purports to discover them. How does this happen? And how are we able to perceive ourselves as persons - physical objects with mental states? Sartre's Phenomenology reconstructs Sartre's answers to these crucial questions. On Sartre's view, consciousness originally apprehends itself in terms of what it is consciousness of, that is, as an activity of apprehending the world. David Reisman traces the path from this minimal form of self-consciousness to the perception of oneself as a full-blown person. Similar considerations apply to the perception of others. Reisman describes Sartre's account of the transition from one's original apprehension of another consciousness to the perception of other persons. An understanding of the various levels of self-apprehension and of the apprehension of others allows Reisman to penetrate the key ideas in Being and Nothingness, and to compare Sartre to analytic philosophers on fundamental questions in the philosophy of mind.
The Challenge of Bergsonism
Authors: Lawlor Leonard
Published: September 2014

The Challenge of Bergsonism explores how Bergsonism questions our ways of thinking, particularly the concept of reality, and ultimately demands a return to ethics. The book also includes the first English translation of Jean Hyppolite's highly influential essay, "Various Aspects of Memory in Bergson".
Philippa Foot's Moral Thought
Authors: Hacker-Wright John
Published: September 2014

Philippa Foot (1920-2010) is widely regarded as one of the most important Anglophone moral philosophers of the 20th century. She pioneered a distinctive approach to philosophical treatment of ethics using the tools of analytic philosophy. She defended the objectivity of moral judgment and took controversial positions on abortion and euthanasia. She was also a leading figure behind the revival of Aristotelian virtue ethics in contemporary philosophy. This book represents the first comprehensive and accessible introduction to Foot’s work. It offers a complete chronological and thematic overview, emphasising the role Foot played in the development of contemporary virtue ethics. It situates her thought in the context of the historical development of analytic moral philosophy and discusses the various objections to her views. Foot’s writings take the form of essays that take up small problems within moral philosophy. Yet John Hacker-Wright argues that there is nevertheless a coherent, systematic moral perspective throughout Foot's work that she does not make fully explicit. This is the ideal introduction for students seeking a synthetic grasp of Foot's moral vision.
The Appropriation of Native American Spirituality
Authors: Owen Suzanne
Published: September 2014

Native Americans and Canadians are largely romanticised or sidelined figures in modern society. Their spirituality has been appropriated on a relatively large scale by Europeans and non-Native Americans, with little concern for the diversity of Native American opinions. Suzanne Owen offers an insight into appropriation that will bring a new understanding and perspective to these debates.

This important volume collects together these key debates from the last 25 years and sets them in context, analyses Native American objections to appropriations of their spirituality and examines 'New Age' practices based on Native American spirituality.

The Appropriation of Native American Spirituality includes the findings of fieldwork among the Mi'Kmaq of Newfoundland on the sharing of ceremonies between Native Americans and First Nations, which highlights an aspect of the debate that has been under-researched in both anthropology and religious studies: that Native American discourses about the breaking of 'protocols', rules on the participation and performance of ceremonies, is at the heart of objections to the appropriation of Native American spirituality.
Leadership of Place
Authors: Riley Kathryn
Published: September 2014

The notion of 'place' is a powerful one: the place where we are from; the place where we live; the place where we would like to be. It raises issues of identity and belonging (or lack of it), and about roots and connections (or lack of them). In a world that is more uncertain, more liquid, less known, place matters. This engaging and accessible book is the first of its kind to look at the role of place in schools and in the lives of young people today. Drawing on original research from the US, UK and South Africa, Kathryn Riley poses some tough questions to the practitioners who lead our schools, and to the politicians who decide the fate of our schools: ·Can schools create a space for young people to be safe and confident in who they are? ·Can they help them find their place in the world and understand how to shape it?