bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating the conditions for change: an NHS perspective
Authors: Fitzgerald Karen , Biddle Louise
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Improving early diagnosis of cancer through system change initiatives is endemic in England’s NHS cancer services. These initiatives, however, often fail to gain traction due to the complexities of health system structures. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether using a change framework grounded in systems thinking could be of help to system leaders.

Design/methodology/approach

A portfolio of geographically independent projects, all implementing cancer service changes as part of the Accelerate, Coordinate, Evaluate Programme, was used for the study. Eight projects were purposively selected to give a varied case-mix. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted with each project. Analysis of interviews was carried out using the Framework Method.

Findings

Processes working for (growth processes) and against (limiting processes) change were evident in and common across all eight projects. Projects commonly encountered challenges of relevance, time and bounded thinking. Having a network of committed people was vital for both initiating and sustaining change. Furthermore, understanding stakeholders’ emotional responses to change helped mitigate emergent challenges.

Practical implications

Leaders should pay constant attention to the dynamics of change, taking time to anticipate and diffuse challenges whilst simultaneously working to create the conditions that help change flourish. A change framework rooted in complex systems theory can help leaders understand the contradictory and non-linear processes inherent in transformational change.

Originality/value

Few studies seek to understand change dynamics by comparing the experiences of separate change initiatives implemented contemporaneously. The findings offer leaders practical insights on how to implement transformation.
Learning disability and challenges in male prisons: programme screening evaluation
Authors: Wakeling Helen , Ramsay Laura
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to validate the learning screening tool (LST) and the adapted functioning checklist-revised (AFC-R) as screening tools to aid programme allocation, and to investigate whether programme decision makers were using the tools as per the guidance provided by HMPPS Interventions Services.

Design/methodology/approach

LST and AFC-R data were gathered for 555 men who had been assessed for programmes between 2015 and 2018 across eight prisons and one probation area. WAIS-IV IQ data were also gathered if completed.

Findings

The findings provide support for the use of the LST, and AFC-R in helping to make decisions about programme allocation. The LST and AFC-R correlate well with each other, and a measure of intellectual functioning (WAIS-IV). Those who were allocated to learning disability or challenges (LDC) programmes scored higher on the LST (greater problems) and lower on the AFC-R (lower functioning) compared to those allocated to mainstream programmes. The LST had adequate predictive validity. In the majority of cases, the correct procedures were followed in terms of using the tools for programme allocation.

Research limitations/implications

The sample size for examining the relationships between all three tools was limited. The research was also unable to take into consideration the clinical decision making involved in how the tools were interpreted.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the growing evidence about the effective use of LDC screening tools in forensic settings.
Mental health literacy in Pakistan: a narrative review
Authors: Begum Rubina , Choudhry Fahad Riaz , Khan Tahir Mehmood , Bakrin Faizah Safina , Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed , Munawar Khadeeja
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The term “Mental health literacy” is defined as knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders which aid their recognition, management or prevention. The importance of health literacy for physical health is widely studied; however, the area of mental health literacy in Pakistan has been comparatively neglected. The purpose of this paper is to address the knowledge about mental health in people living in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

Relevant literature relating to mental health literacy was identified through various database searches. The databases searched included: PubMed, Cochrane database of Systemic Reviews, PsycINFO using the terms mental health, mental health literacy, mental health education, Pakistan.

Findings

Literature suggests that there is dearth of knowledge about mental illnesses and their treatment among public. This review also highlights the importance of mental health literacy among professionals working in the field of health care. In Pakistan, due to low literacy rate, a high percentage of poverty and dearth of trained professionals warrants an emendation in approaches established for attaining the goal of public health and psychiatric care.

Practical implications

Findings have implications for practitioners in the field of mental health care as well as designing targeted interventions for enhancing mental health literacy and help-seeking behavior in the future.

Originality/value

A limited understanding and lack of improvement in mental health literacy may interfere with society’s acceptance of evidence-based mental health care which may hamper the delivery of adequate mental health services to the needy.
Why and when leader humility promotes constructive voice: a crossover of energy perspective
Authors: Ma Chao , Wu Chia-Huei , Chen (George) Zhen Xiong , Jiang Xinhui , Wei Wu
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to build a moderate mediation model to delineate the effects of leader humility on employee constructive voice behavior based on conservation of resources theory and crossover of resources model. Specifically, when a leader behaves with humility, the followers will be more likely to feel they receive psychological resources from their interactions with the leader (i.e. relational energy), and thus engage in more constructive voice behavior. In addition, this energizing effect only occurs when the leader is perceived as having higher apparent sincerity by their subordinates.

Design/methodology/approach

The research hypotheses of this study were empirically tested using multi-timepoint and multi-source (i.e. supervisors and subordinates) survey data in China. Study 1, based on data from 449 subordinates and 88 immediate supervisors, was conducted to test the proposed mediation effect. Study 2, based on data from 185 subordinates and 50 immediate supervisors, was conducted to replicate the findings of Study 1 and test the integrated model.

Findings

The results of Study 1 support the proposed mediation effect that leader humility positively predicts followers’ constructive voice behavior via boosting followers’ relational energy. The results of Study 2 replicate the findings of Study 1 and further indicate that leader humility is only positively related to perceived relational energy when a leader is perceived as having higher apparent sincerity by their subordinates.

Practical implications

This paper provides detailed instructions for business practitioners. First, given that employee constructive voice behavior is related to employee relational energy and is beneficial to organizations, leaders are encouraged to behave with humility when interacting with their subordinates. Second, from the perspective of human resource management, well-designed training programs can be used to help leaders to develop leader humility. Third, the findings of this paper call attention to a potential risk for humble leaders. Organizations should educate leaders on the potential negative consequences of false humility and encourage leader humility that will appear in leaders’ sincerity.

Originality/value

Overall, drawing on conservation of resources theory and crossover of resources model, this paper reveals that boosting relational energy is a mechanism via which humble leaders can shape employees’ voice behavior. Second, by examining the moderation effect of apparent sincerity of leaders from followers’ perspective, this paper suggests an actor–recipient perspective to identify the boundaries of the energizing mechanism. Third, the findings of this paper add to the knowledge on voice research by highlighting an additional source of energy for employee constructive voice behavior.
The challenges of fitting in
Authors: Arifeen Shehla R. , Syed Jawad
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Intersectional scholarship on work and organizations while focusing on subjectivities and intersections largely overlooks the systemic dynamics of power (Rodriguez et al., 2016). One of the systemic dynamics of power is organizational practice (Acker, 2006). Intersectionality research on minority ethnic women pays relatively less attention to the role of organizational practices in career progression. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the interaction of intersectional identities of second-generation British Pakistani women managers and professionals with organizational practices and norms, and the resulting challenges and career implications.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative research approach was used with interviews of 37 participants who were in managerial or professional positions.

Findings

The research finds a resilience of discrimination because of expectations of compliance with dominant workplace cultures. This expectation presents challenges for minority ethnic women managers. The paper reveals that the intersectionality of gender, ethnicity and religion clashes specifically, with organizational expectations of being male, of being white, and of work-related socializing, which may adversely affect career progression. Organizations, thus, may feed into minority ethnic women managers’ inability to fit in and merge by implicitly demanding compliance or fitting in. These findings carry implications for HRM policies and practices.

Originality/value

Advancing intersectionality scholarship, the research finds the disadvantage caused by the intersection of gender, ethnicity and religion (intersectional identities) continues to be reproduced because of particular organizational demand and expectations and the non-compliance of minority ethnic women managers to merge and fit in. In other words, organizations implicitly demanding fitting in, and theinability to fit in and mergeby minority ethnic women managers, hampers their careers.
Commitment to change
Authors: Feng Cailing , Robin Mulyadi , Fan Lisan , Huang Xiaoyu
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Commitment to change is vital for the success of any organizational change initiative. However, despite a sustained increase in research interest on employees’ commitment to change, there is still no consistency about the unidimensional or multi-dimensional construct of commitment to change, and previous research tends to ignore the impact vocational drivers may have on it. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on prospect theory, the authors extended Herscovitch and Meyer’s (2002) commitment to change construct by developing and testing an additional dimension of commitment to change centered on employees’ vocational commitment across two studies, adopting a longitudinal design within a Chinese context. As organizational change often has implications that impacts individual decision making, vocational development and work adjustments and attitudes within the workplace, the authors presented the case for vocational commitment to change as an important extension to the commitment to change literature. The authors first provided evidence for the internal consistency, factor structure and the validity of the commitment to change in the Chinese context. Subsequently, the authors examined the changes of employees’ commitment to change across time, and demonstrated its predictive validity by exploring the relationship between commitment to change and change-related behaviors.

Findings

The current research represents improvements in commitment to change measurement, provides construct clarification in the Asia context, and sheds light on theoretical and empirical evidence for how to support change in the Chinese context. Limitations, implications and directions for future research are further discussed.

Originality/value

The current study responds to a call for research to further investigate the mechanisms of commitment to change within non-Western contexts, specifically within the Chinese context. Through a rigorous scale development process, the authors clarified Herscovitch and Meyer’s (2002) commitment to change model and present an augmented model with a fourth dimension –vocational commitment to change. Furthermore, through a longitudinal study, the current study also demonstrates that the cultivation of commitment to change has great importance to improving employees’ change-supportive behavior and reducing their resistance to change. This is consistent with cross-cultural research, which shows that Chinese individuals are more likely to possess inconsistent attitudes toward an object, including themselves, compared to Western individuals (Spencer-Rodgerset al., 2004). The study also explained the change of commitment to change over time, showing the significant relationships among the commitment to change and change-related behaviors.
Task performance in global virtual team
Authors: Presbitero Alfred
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Drawing from theoretical perspectives on social identity, self-categorization, intelligence and leader–member exchange, the purpose of this paper is to develop and test a moderated-moderation model involving a member’s task performance in global virtual team.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey study was conducted involving both team members and their respective team leaders in global virtual teams (GVTs) in a multinational firm based in the Philippines.

Findings

Results demonstrate that a member’s perceived cultural dissimilarity is significantly but negatively related to his or her task performance (as rated by the team leader). Also, results show that a team member’s cultural intelligence (CQ) (as rated by the team leader) exerts a moderating influence in the relationship between perceived cultural dissimilarity and task performance. Lastly, team leader’s CQ (as rated by the team member) exerts a moderating influence on the relationship between perceived cultural dissimilarity and team member’s CQ which consequently impacts a team member’s task performance.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature particularly adding to the growing body of literature that identifies factors contributing to the effectiveness of GVTs. Specifically, the authors highlight the critical role of CQ of both team member and team leader in reducing the negative influence of perceived cultural dissimilarity on individual task performance. This study also offers practical recommendations on how to effectively develop and enhance CQ in GVTs so that high levels of effectiveness particularly when delivering the tasks are ensured.
The effects of reshoring decisions on employees
Authors: Grappi Silvia , Romani Simona , Bagozzi Richard P.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of company decisions to reshore manufacturing activities on employee citizenship behaviors (OCBs). The research considers both company motives for the reshoring decision perceived by employees and gratitude felt toward the organization as antecedents to OCBs.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a survey based on a sample of employees belonging to an Italian manufacturing company that had implemented a reshoring decision.

Findings

The employee attributions of intrinsic motives for reshoring and gratitude are shown to positively affect OCBs. Specifically, intrinsic motives influence both OCBIs and OCBOs through the mediating role of gratitude felt by employees, whereas extrinsic motives do not affect, directly or indirectly through mediation of gratitude, OCBs.

Practical implications

The research illustrates the importance of managing internal communications to employees of company motives for reshoring, which ultimately affect employee gratitude and OCBs.

Originality/value

The research contributes to the knowledge of the effects of reshoring on employees and their relationships with the firms and co-workers and introduces a new area for inquiry.
When investment in employee development promotes knowledge sharing behavior in an uncertain post-Soviet context
Authors: Kozhakhmet Sanat , Jayasingam Sharmila , Majeed Nauman , Jamshed Samia
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of perceived investment in employee development (PIED) on knowledge sharing (KS) behavior by examining the mediating role of psychological capital and moderating role of organizational identification.

Design/methodology/approach

Questionnaires were used to collect data from 340 employees from largest MNCs working in Kazakhstan.

Findings

The results show that psychological capital mediates the relationship between PIED and knowledge sharing behavior (KSB). Moreover, it was found that organizational identification moderates the association between individuals’ psychological capital and their KSB. The mediated moderation analyses supported the hypothesized model.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to a more complete understanding of how investment in employee development may support or build employees’ psychological capital which in turn facilitates KS.
Modeling and simulation of vehicle group lane-changing behaviors in upstream segment of ramp areas under a connected vehicle environment
Authors: Li Haijian , Huang Zhufei , Qin Lingqiao , Zheng Shuo , Yang Yanfang
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to effectively optimize vehicle lane-changing behavior and alleviate traffic congestion in ramp area through the study of vehicle lane-changing behaviors in upstream segment of ramp areas.

Design/methodology/approach

In the upstream segment of ramp areas under a connected vehicle environment, different strategies of vehicle group lane-changing behaviors are modeled to obtain the best group lane-changing strategy. The traffic capacity of roads can be improved by controlling group lane-changing behavior and continuously optimizing lane-changing strategy through connected vehicle technologies. This paper constructs vehicle group lane-changing strategies in upstream segment of ramp areas under a connected vehicle environment. The proposed strategies are simulated by VISSIM.

Findings

The results show that different lane-changing strategies are modeled through vehicle group in the upstream segment of ramp areas, which can greatly reduce the delay of ramp areas.

Originality/value

The simulation results verify the validity and rationality of the corresponding vehicle group lane-changing behavior model strategies, effectively standardize the driver's lane-changing behavior, and improve road safety and capacity.
A nearly analytic symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta method based on a locally one‐dimensional technique for solving two‐dimensional acoustic wave equations
Authors: Sim Chol , Sun Chunyou , Yun Nam
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we develop a new nearly analytic symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta method based on locally one‐dimensional technique for numerically solving two‐dimensional acoustic wave equations. We first split two‐dimensional acoustic wave equation into the local one‐dimensional equations and transform each of the split equations into a Hamiltonian system. Then, we use both a nearly analytic discrete operator and a central difference operator to approximate the high‐order spatial differential operators, which implies the symmetry of the discretized spatial differential operators, and we employ the partitioned second‐order symplectic Runge–Kutta method to numerically solve the resulted semi‐discrete Hamiltonian ordinary differential equations, which results in fully discretized scheme is symplectic unlike conventional nearly analytic symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta methods. Theoretical analyses show that the nearly analytic symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta method based on locally one‐dimensional technique exhibits great higher stability limits and less numerical dispersion than the nearly analytic symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta method. Numerical experiments are conducted to verify advantages of the nearly analytic symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta method based on locally one‐dimensional technique, such as their computational efficiency, stability, numerical dispersion and long‐term calculation capability.
Reproductive biology of Dyckia excelsa Leme (Bromeliaceae): a xerophyte species from ironstone outcrops in central‐western Brazil
Authors: Lenzi Maurício , Paggi Gecele M.
Published: December 2019

Dyckia is the third most diverse genus from Pitcairnoideae, pollinated mainly by insects and hummingbirds. In this study, we evaluated demography, reproductive biology and pollination of Dyckia excelsa, a saxicolous species typical of ironstone outcrops. It occurs in groupings composed of genets, ramets and seedlings and bloomed several times, principally in September, with fruiting and dispersing of seeds in November. The anthesis is diurnal and flowers remain open for 2 days. Nectar volume decreased during the anthesis, whereas nectar sugar concentration remained constant. Dyckia excelsa is partially self‐compatible and xenogamic; the highest fruit set was observed in the control and cross‐pollination treatments; high seed germination rates were observed in all treatments. Flowers have the ornithophilous syndrome, but hummingbirds, bees and butterflies visited them. The occurrence of groupings with multiple inflorescences could contribute to geitonogamy. The high number of flowers during a year supplies food resources and ensures the fidelity of pollinators.
Exploring health behaviours: understanding drinking practice using the lens of practice theory
Authors: Hennell Kath , Piacentini Maria , Limmer Mark
Published: December 2019

Research suggests that there is no safe amount of alcohol but despite this alcohol consumption remains an important part of many [young] people's lives. Viewed as an inherently social activity, drinking alcohol provides an opportunity for socialising and connecting with friends. This study is one of the first to draw on practice theory to explore one type of intoxicated drinking occasion engaged in by young people; framed in this article as a ‘proper night out’. This article argues that this hybrid entity is made up of a series of interconnected social practices that have come and now hang together to serve to normalise and routinise intoxicated drinking occasions. The operationalisation of practice theory has enabled an in‐depth exploration of intoxicated drinking and provides the potential for new ways of intervening in harmful drinking practices by refocusing attention away from individual level decision‐making to drinking practices.
Making sense of egalitarian pay: Reconceptualising its treatment in organisations
Authors: Morand David , Merriman Kimberly , Deckop John
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we offer an intraorganisational sensemaking perspective on how organisational members interpret egalitarian forms of pay. Specific focus is given to managerial (non)communication of diverse rationales for egalitarian pay practices. We integrate a wide range of research and descriptive accounts to organise schema‐relevant concepts into a typology of rationales that inform the sensemaking process, as ultimately observed in employee receptivity and response to egalitarian pay practices. The culmination of our conceptual development is a prescriptive framework on organisational communication of egalitarian pay practices to its members. We offer a future research agenda and propositions to test the validity of this developed framework and conclude with a discussion of limitations and theoretical and practical implications.
Hyperoxia and antioxidants during major non‐cardiac surgery and risk of cardiovascular events: Protocol for a 2 × 2 factorial randomised clinical trial
Authors: Petersen Cecilie , Loft Frederik C. , Aasvang Eske K. , Vester‐Andersen Morten , Rasmussen Lars S. , Wetterslev Jørn , Jorgensen Lars N. , Christensen Robin , Meyhoff Christian S.
Published: December 2019

Background

Myocardial injury after non‐cardiac surgery occurs in a high number of patients, resulting in increased mortality in the post‐operative period. The use of high inspiratory oxygen concentrations may cause hyperoxia, which is associated with impairment of coronary blood flow. Furthermore, the surgical stress response increases reactive oxygen species, which is involved in several perioperative complications including myocardial injury and death. Avoidance of hyperoxia and substitution of reactive oxygen species scavengers may be beneficial. Our primary objective is to examine the effect of oxygen and added antioxidants for prevention of myocardial injury assessed by area under the curve for troponin measurements during the first three post‐operative days.

Methods

The VIXIE trial (VitamIn and oXygen Interventions and cardiovascular Events) is an investigator‐initiated, blinded, 2 × 2 factorial multicentre clinical trial. We include 600 patients with cardiovascular risk factors undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery. Participants are randomised to an inspiratory oxygen fraction of 0.80 or 0.30 during and for 2 hours after surgery and either an intravenous bolus of vitamin C and an infusion of N‐acetylcysteine or matching placebo of both. The primary outcome is the area under the curve for high‐sensitive cardiac troponin release during the first three post‐operative days as a marker of the extent of myocardial injury. Secondary outcomes are mortality, non‐fatal myocardial infarction and non‐fatal serious adverse events within 30 days.

Perspective

The current trial will provide further evidence for clinicians on optimal administration of perioperative oxygen in surgical patients with cardiovascular risks and the clinical effects of two common antioxidants.
Accruals, Investment, and Future Performance
Authors: Chu Jenny
Published: December 2019

It is well documented that accounting measures of investment, such as working capital and capital expenditures, negatively predict future stock returns. The earnings fixation hypothesis suggests that investors overestimate and overvalue the persistence of the accrual component of earnings. Another stream of the literature argues that since accruals capture growth, the accruals anomaly can be explained by the investment anomaly, which finds that firms that grow their assets tend to have lower future returns. As empirical proxies for accruals and investment are either positively correlated or interchangeably used, it is difficult to distinguish between the competing hypotheses in empirical tests. This study contributes to the debate by identifying two special economic settings in which the two explanations offer diverging predictions. First, investment in research and development (R&D) represents an investment expenditure that reduces earnings but is not subject to accrual accounting. Thus, the earnings fixation hypothesis predicts a positive relation between increases in R&D investments and future returns, whereas the investment anomaly predicts a negative relation. Second, firms operating with negative working capital have working capital accruals that are negatively correlated with other forms of investment and growth. Therefore, while the earnings fixation hypothesis still predicts a negative relation between accruals and future returns in this setting, the investment explanation predicts a positive relation. For both sets of tests, the empirical evidence supports the earnings fixation hypothesis for the accruals anomaly and is inconsistent with the notion that the investment anomaly subsumes earnings fixation in explaining future stock returns.
The impact of shear stress on device‐induced platelet hemostatic dysfunction relevant to thrombosis and bleeding in mechanically assisted circulation
Authors: Chen Zengsheng , Zhang Jiafeng , Li Tieluo , Tran Douglas , Griffith Bartley P. , Wu Zhongjun J.
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the nonphysiological shear stress (NPSS) on platelet hemostatic function relevant to thrombosis and bleeding in mechanically assisted circulation. Fresh human blood was circulated for four hours in in vitro circulatory flow loops with a CentriMag blood pump operated under a flow rate of 4.5 L/min against three pressure heads (70 mm Hg, 150 mm Hg, and 350 mm Hg) at 2100, 2800, and 4000 rpm, respectively. Hourly blood samples from the CentriMag pump‐assisted circulation loops were collected and analyzed for glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa activation and receptor shedding of GPVI and GPIbα on the platelet surface with flow cytometry. Adhesion of platelets to fibrinogen, collagen, and von Willebrand factor (VWF) of the collected blood samples was quantified with fluorescent microscopy. In parallel, mechanical shear stress fields within the CentriMag pump operated under the three conditions were assessed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The experimental results showed that levels of platelet GPIIb/IIIa activation and platelet receptor shedding (GPVI and GPIbα) in the blood increased with increasing the circulation time. The levels of platelet activation and loss of platelet receptors GPVI and GPIbα were consistently higher with higher pressure heads at each increasing hour in the CentriMag pump‐assisted circulation. The platelet adhesion on fibrinogen increased with increasing the circulation time for all three CentriMag operating conditions and was correlated well with the level of platelet activation. In contrast, the platelet adhesion on collagen and VWF decreased with increasing the circulation time under all the three conditions and was correlated well with the loss of the receptors GPVI and GPIbα on the platelet surface, respectively. The CFD results showed that levels of shear stresses inside the CentriMag pump under all three operating conditions exceeded the maximum level of shear stress in the normal physiological circulation and were strongly dependent on the pump operating condition. The level of platelet activation and loss of key platelet adhesion receptors (GPVI and GPIbα) were correlated with the level of NPSS generated by the CentriMag pump, respectively. In summary, the level of NPSS associated with pump operating condition is a critical determinant of platelet dysfunction in mechanically assisted circulation.
Letter: should we intensify infliximab in acute severe ulcerative colitis?
Authors: Laharie David , Rivière Pauline
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Sebastian et al and Sebastian papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15456 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15569.
Commentary: vitamin D supplementation in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Probert Chris
Published: December 2019

THIS IS A SPECIAL COMMENTARY ON “LOW EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT IS A RISK FACTOR FOR CROHN'S DISEASE” BY NERICH, V., JANTCHOU, P., BOUTRON‐RUAULT, M.‐C., MONNET, E., WEILL, A., VANBOCKSTAEL, V., AULELEY, G.‐R., BALAIRE, C., DUBOST, P., RICAN, S., ALLEMAND, H., AND CARBONNEL, F., ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN AP&T IN 2011. DOI:10.1111/J.1365-2036.2011.04601.x
Commentary: cardioprotective aspirin and gastroduodenal ulcers
Authors: Scheiman James M.
Published: December 2019

THIS IS A SPECIAL COMMENTARY ON “PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF GASTRODUODENAL ULCERS DURING TREATMENT WITH VASCULAR PROTECTIVE DOSES OF ASPIRIN” BY YEOMANS, N.D., LANAS, A.I., TALLEY, N.J., THOMSON, A.B.R., DANESHJOO, R., ERIKSSON, B., APPELMAN‐ESZCZUK, S., LÅNGSTRÖM, G., NAESDAL, J., SERRANO, P., SINGH, M., SKELLY, M.M., AND HAWKEY, C.J., ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN AP&T IN 2005. DOI:10.1111/J.1365-2036.2005.02649.x
Editorial: endoscopic inflammation in ileoanal pouches—does it really matter?
Authors: Townsend Tristan , Subramanian Sreedhar
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kayal et al and Kayal and Ungaro papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15505 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15544.
Commentary: elastography as a predictor of portal hypertension
Authors: Ryder Stephen D.
Published: December 2019

THIS IS A SPECIAL COMMENTARY ON “TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY ACCURATELY PREDICTS PRESENCE OF SIGNIFICANT PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE” BY BUREAU, C., METIVIER, S., PERON, J.M., SELVES, J., ROBIC, M.A., GOURRAUD, P.A., ROUQUET, O., DUPUIS, E., ALRIC, I., AND VINEL, J.P., ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN AP&T IN 2008. DOI:10.1111/J.1365-2036.2008.03701.x
Letter: are sorafenib‐related adverse events associated with prolonged survival? Authors' reply
Authors: Sanduzzi‐Zamparelli Marco , Sapena Víctor , Bruix Jordi , Reig María
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Díaz‐González et al and Li et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15088 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15567.
Letter: histology is relevant for risk stratification in primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Carbone Marco , D’Amato Daphne , Hirschfield Gideon M. , Jones David E. J. , Mells George F.
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Murillo Perez et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15533.
Editorial: faecal microbiota transplantation—the silver bullet for severe and fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection?
Authors: Costello Samuel P. , Bryant Robert V.
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Tixier et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15526.
Building a bridge between performance management, radical innovation, and innovation networks: A systematic literature review
Authors: Gomes Leonardo Augusto de Vasconcelos , Facin Ana Lúcia Figueiredo , Hourneaux Junior Flavio
Published: December 2019

Research on performance management (PM) of networks and radical innovation has largely developed along two isolated paths. On the one hand, a growing body of knowledge addresses the use of performance management systems in the context of networks (notably for production and incremental innovation). On the other hand, radical innovation scholars have shown how innovation initiatives that are more uncertain demand the use of new approaches (e.g., new project management routines or different evaluative tools for portfolios). Some scholars even suggest that traditional PM may suppress radical innovation. Our study takes a different approach. It aims to bridge radical innovation and network performance management through a systematic review of the literature. Here, we adopt a hybrid approach that combines bibliometrics with content analysis. Whereas the literature often separates the issues of network performance management and radical innovation, our contribution expands the theory of network management and radical innovation by developing a conceptual framework based on these concepts, thus combining them. We also offer suggestions for further research on this approach. Our framework suggests that overall, the performance management of radical innovation networks presents different features (e.g., recursive rather than linear) and constructs (e.g., openness and unintended performance) from those of innovation network management.
Cumulative risk, the cognitive home environment and vocabulary in early childhood
Authors: Shriver Amy E. , Bonnell Levi N. , Berman Stephen , Camp Bonnie W.
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Early home support for language development is critical for later developmental progress. Paediatricians have the opportunity to identify families at risk of failing to provide this support in infancy but often lack simple tools to do so. This study explores the potential of a simple count of sociodemographic risk factors, a cumulative risk (CR) index, to identify families likely to need help in providing literacy support from an early age.

Methods

CR scores were calculated for 308 families who completed the STIMQ and MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (MCDI) at 11–15 months) and 197 (64%) again at 23–37 months. Analysis of variance with linear contrasts examined the effect of CR on the STIMQ and the MCDI at baseline and follow‐up. Correlation analysis explored the relationship between STIMQ and MCDI.

Results

At both baseline and follow‐up, CR index showed a significant effect (p<0.006) on the STIMQ along with a significant linear trend for STIMQ scores to decrease as CR increased (p<0.05–0.005). No significant effects of CR effects on MCDI were observed at baseline or follow‐up, whereas MCDI percentiles correlated significantly (p<0.03–0.001) with STIMQ scores (r=0.18–0.26.) at both times.

Conclusions

The CR index is a simple tool that can help identify families needing support for providing a language stimulating home environment in the first 2 years before long‐term ill effects of sociodemographic barriers are established.
Prognostic values of preoperative platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐related indices in advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lau Hui‐Ching , Hsueh Chi‐Yao , Chen Qi , Tao Lei , Zhou Liang , Deng Weiye , Zhang Ming
Published: December 2019

Objectives

To investigate the prognostic values of preoperative platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet‐related indices in advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC).

Methods

The data of 247 eligible advanced HPSCC patients were reviewed retrospectively. Pretreatment haematological parameters were categorised into two groups based on the result of X‐tile, and several variates were assessed using chi‐square test, Kaplan‐Meier method, Cox univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

The optimal cut‐off points of 171.4 for PLR, 260 × 109/L for platelet, 10.4 fL for mean platelet volume (MPV) and 16.5% for platelet distribution width were defined. The haematological parameters PLR and MPV, postoperative metastasis and internal jugular vein invasion were statistically significant in OS and DFS analyses (P < .05). The high PLR (>171.4) or high MPV (>10.4 fL) was significantly associated with worse OS and DFS (P < .05).

Conclusions

The preoperative levels of PLR and MPV could be considered as independent prognostic predictors in patients with advanced HPSCC.
The cognitive and psychological effects of living with type 1 diabetes: a narrative review
Authors: van Duinkerken E. , Snoek F. J. , de Wit M.
Published: December 2019

Across the lifespan, type 1 diabetes mellitus has a profound (neuro)psychological impact. In young people, type 1 diabetes can interfere with psychosocial development and hamper school performance. In adulthood, it can interfere with work life, relationships and parenting. A substantial minority of adults with type 1 diabetes experience coping difficulties and high diabetes‐related distress. In youth and adulthood, type 1 diabetes is related to mild cognitive decrements as well as affective disorders, such as depression and anxiety. There is limited literature available that explores the interaction between cognitive and psychological comorbidity and underlying mechanisms. The aims of the present narrative review were to summarize the current state of the literature regarding both cognitive and psychological comorbidities in type 1 diabetes across the lifespan, and to explore potential links between the two domains of interest to make suggestions for future research and clinical practice.
James Lind Alliance research priorities: should diet and exercise be used as an alternative to drugs for the management of type 2 diabetes or alongside them?
Authors: England C. Y. , Andrews R. C.
Published: December 2019

Aim

To review evidence on whether diet and exercise should be used as an alternative to drug therapy for the management of type 2 diabetes or alongside.

Method

We present a narrative review that draws on evidence from other systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, narrative reviews, trials and cohort studies. We focused mainly on glycaemic control rather than control of blood pressure or cholesterol.

Results

Good‐quality dietary advice that results in weight loss of >5% and physical activity interventions of >150 min/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity, combined with resistance exercise, can produce improvements in HbA1c similar to those produced by the addition of glucose‐lowering drugs. These improvements can be seen at all stages of the disease. There are recognized interactions between glucose‐lowering drugs and physical activity which may not be synergistic, but these are not well understood, and it is not clear if they are considered in clinical practice. Studies that explicitly compare drugs with diet or physical activity or control for drug use found that lifestyle could delay or reduce medication use, but most people eventually needed to progress to drug treatment. There are few studies, however, that provide strategies for the long‐term maintenance of weight loss or physical activity.

Conclusion

Diet and physical activity are of key importance in type 2 diabetes management, and attention to them improves glycaemic control and cardiovascular disease risk, but it is not yet known whether maintained lifestyle changes provide an alternative to drug therapy in the long term.
Identifying Fraxinus excelsior tolerant to ash dieback: Visual field monitoring versus a molecular marker
Authors: Menkis Audrius , Bakys Remigijus , Stein Åslund Matilda , Davydenko Kateryna , Elfstrand Malin , Stenlid Jan , Vasaitis Rimvydas
Published: December 2019

Ash dieback (ADB) caused by the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is the cause of massive mortality of Fraxinus spp. in Europe. The aim of this work was to check for the presence of the molecular marker for ADB tolerance in mapped healthy‐looking F. excelsior trees, and to compare its occurrence in trees exhibiting severe ADB symptoms. Monitoring of 135 healthy‐looking F. excelsior on the island of Gotland, Sweden, showed that after 3–4 years 99.3% of these trees had 0%–10% crown damage, thus remaining in a similar health condition as when first mapped. After 5–6 years, 94.7% of these trees had 0%–10% crown damage. Molecular analysis of leaf tissues from 40 of those showed the presence of the molecular marker in 34 (85.0%) trees, while it was absent in 6 (15.0%) trees. Analysis of leaf tissues from 40 severely ADB‐diseased trees showed the presence of the molecular marker in 17 (42.5%) trees, but its absence in 23 (57.5%) trees (p < .0001). The results demonstrated that monitoring of healthy‐looking F. excelsior is a simple and straightforward approach for the selection of presumably ADB‐tolerant ash for future breeding. The cDNA‐based molecular marker revealed moderate capacity on its own to discriminate between presumably ADB‐tolerant and susceptible F. excelsior genotypes.
Towards a common standard of protection of the right to housing in Europe through the charter of fundamental rights
Authors: Kenna Padraic , Simón‐Moreno Héctor
Published: December 2019

The trend towards the financialisation of housing since the 1980s and the global financial crisis exposed a dramatic lacuna in the legal protection of the right to housing. Yet, the right to housing features not only in national and international human rights instruments, but also in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Charter rights are increasingly finding expression in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). In particular, drawing on the Charter, the CJEU's interpretation of EU consumer law is moving towards a recognition of housing rights as inherent components of consumer protection. On the basis of such developments, this article examines whether there is scope to extend this human rights approach to new areas – namely, to the Mortgage Credit Directive (2014) – a major EU harmonising measure – and to the work of EU institutions now responsible for banking supervision. The article concludes that, if guided by the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the case law of the CJEU and the practice of supranational banking supervision could significantly enhance the protection of the right to housing, both at EU and Member State level.
EBNO: Evolution of cost‐sensitive Bayesian networks
Authors: Nashnush Eman , Vadera Sunil
Published: December 2019

The last decade has seen an increase in the attention paid to the development of cost‐sensitive learning algorithms that aim to minimize misclassification costs while still maintaining accuracy. Most of this attention has been on cost‐sensitive decision tree learning, whereas relatively little attention has been paid to assess if it is possible to develop better cost‐sensitive classifiers based on Bayesian networks. Hence, this paper presents EBNO, an algorithm that utilizes Genetic algorithms to learn cost‐sensitive Bayesian networks, where genes are utilized to represent the links between the nodes in Bayesian networks and the expected cost is used as a fitness function. An empirical comparison of the new algorithm has been carried out with respect to (a) an algorithm that induces cost‐insensitive Bayesian networks to provide a base line, (b) ICET, a well‐known algorithm that uses Genetic algorithms to induce cost‐sensitive decision trees, (c) use of MetaCost to induce cost‐sensitive Bayesian networks via bagging (d) use of AdaBoost to induce cost‐sensitive Bayesian networks, and (e) use of XGBoost, a gradient boosting algorithm, to induce cost‐sensitive decision trees. An empirical evaluation on 28 data sets reveals that EBNO performs well in comparison with the algorithms that produce single interpretable models and performs just as well as algorithms that use bagging and boosting methods.
High‐strength steel wires containing corrosion pits: stress analysis and critical distance based fatigue life estimation
Authors: Jie Z. , Susmel L.
Published: December 2019

The present paper deals with the problem of assessing the fatigue lifetime of high‐strength steel wires containing corrosion pits, with this investigation being based on a large number of experimental data selected from the technical literature. To evaluate the stress concentration phenomena characterising corroded metallic wires, according to the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge, pits were modelled either as semi‐ellipsoidal cavities or as hemispherical notches. The stress concentration factors, Kt, associated with these simplified pit geometries were calculated numerically by solving numerous three‐dimensional FE models. Subsequently, the Kt values being determined according to this standard numerical procedure were post‐processed systematically to derive simple analytical solutions suitable for estimating, in situations of engineering interest, the stress concentration factors associated with pitting corrosion. Finally, after making some assumptions to derive the necessary fatigue properties, the Theory of Critical Distances was used in the form of the Point Method and the Line Method to reanalyse the literature data being collected. This systematic validation exercise allowed us to prove that the Theory of Critical Distances is successful also in assessing the fatigue lifetime of high‐strength metallic cables containing corrosion pits, with the obtained estimates falling within an error factor of 3. Therefore, as far as wires weakened by corrosion pits are concerned, it was demonstrated that the Theory of Critical Distances can be used to post‐process the local linear‐elastic stress fields when they are not only determined numerically but also estimated by using those standard analytical solutions which are strictly valid solely for conventional notches.