bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-disciplinary management of a patient with a post-traumatised incisor presenting concurrent replacement and inflammatory resorption: a case report
Authors: Doğramacı Esma J. , Rossi-Fedele Giampiero , Jones Allan G.
Published: September 2021

This case report describes the multidisciplinary management of a young male who presented with a Class I incisor relationship and bi-maxillary dento-alveolar protrusion on a Class I skeletal base. The occlusion was complicated by an ankylosed and moderately infra-positioned upper left permanent central incisor, an anterior crossbite, crowding, a reduced overbite and centreline discrepancy. The incisor was traumatised and avulsed when the root was immature and the tooth was reimplanted with delay. On referral for orthodontic treatment at age 11.5 years, the upper left central incisor was experiencing ankylosis-related (osseous replacement) resorption and external root resorption simultaneously. Aside from the orthodontic aims, it was important to address the disrupted alveolar development to facilitate later prosthodontic replacement of the upper left permanent central incisor by idealising the inter-coronal and inter-radicular spaces. Treatment consisted of fixed orthodontic appliances in conjunction with the extraction of all second premolars and the upper left permanent central incisor with episodic surgical curettage. An upper Hawlix retainer was provided immediately at debond and a cantilevered resin-retained bridge was placed four months later.
An aesthetic approach towards the temporary restoration of missing upper lateral incisors during orthodontic treatment
Authors: Xu Katie , Tan Seong-Seng
Published: September 2021

This clinical hint demonstrates an aesthetic method for masking spaces due to missing lateral incisors during orthodontic treatment.
Prevention of incipient carious lesions with various interventions during fixed and removable orthodontic treatment. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mathews Justin , Schneider Paul M. , Horvath Anita , Manton David J. , Silva Mihiri
Published: September 2021

Objective: To systematically review and quantify the effectiveness of interventions in reducing caries development during orthodontic treatment and evaluate the quality of evidence for the development of clinical guidelines.

Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search of the Cochrane, EMBASE and MEDLINE databases was conducted to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB 2) tool. In order to facilitate the development of clinical guidelines, the quality of the evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

Results: A total of 18 RCTs were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 10 had a high risk of bias, and eight had minor concerns. Three RCTs that investigated the efficacy of fluoride interventions during fixed orthodontic treatment were included in the quantitative synthesis. The pooled effect size resulted in a risk reduction of 0.23 (95% CI: -0.35, -0.11,p< 0.001) in the intervention group compared to controls. The GRADE evaluation identified the evidence as moderate due to the limited number of RCTs and moderate heterogeneity (I-squared statistic of 49.3%).

Conclusions: Although fluoride is the most effective evidence-based preventive intervention during orthodontic treatment, large RCTs are required to provide high quality evidence. Further studies are needed to evaluate the caries preventive effects of oral hygiene programs, chlorhexidine, CPP-ACP and other interventions.
Dental developmental stage affects the treatment outcome of maxillary protraction in skeletal Class III children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Miao Wei , Zhou Dan , Li Chunjie , Chen Lichun , Guan Min , Peng Yiran , Mei Li
Published: September 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the stage of dental development on the treatment outcome of maxillary protraction in skeletal Class III children.

Materials and methods: The Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CMB and CNKI database were searched to identify all of the relevant articles published prior to 30 August 2019. The grey literature was also searched. Human controlled clinical trials in which patients with a skeletal Class III malocclusion were treated by maxillary protraction (facemask with or without rapid maxillary expansion) were considered. The quality of the included studies was assessed using ROBINS-I. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.

Results: A total of 19 trials were included in the systematic review and 16 trials were included in the meta-analysis, of which three studies were assessed as low risk of bias (high quality), eight were assessed as having a moderate risk of bias, and five were assessed as a high risk of bias. The treatment effect of maxillary protraction in skeletal Class III children was greater in the primary dentition than that in the early mixed dentition with respect to an increase in SNA, ANB and SN/GoGn. The treatment effect was greater in the early mixed dentition than in the late mixed dentition, with an evident decrease in SNB. The treatment effect was greater in the early mixed dentition than that which occurred in the early permanent dentition, with an increase in SNA and ANB. The treatment effect was not significantly different, either between the primary dentition and late mixed dentition, or between the late mixed dentition and early permanent dentition. No study compared the treatment effect between the primary dentition and early permanent dentition.

Conclusion: The dental developmental stage affects the treatment effect of maxillary protraction in skeletal Class III children. The treatment effect at an early dentition stage may be more effective than that at a late dentition stage in improving a skeletal Class III relationship. Although the variations in effectiveness between the various dental stage groups were generally statistically significant, most variations were small, with unclear clinical significance.
The effectiveness of Hawley and vacuum-formed retainer usage protocols on the stability of fixed orthodontic treatment results
Authors: Gorucu-Coskuner Hande , Atik Ezgi , Taner Tülin
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of Hawley and vacuum-formed retainer (VFR) usage protocols on post-treatment stability.

Methods: The inclusion criteria included patients who initially presented with mild or moderate pretreatment crowding and a Class I or Class II malocclusion. The retention protocols were defined as Group 1: Hawley retainers, 12 months full-time wear; Group 2: Hawley retainers, six months full-time, six months night-only wear; Group 3: VFR, 12 months full-time wear; Group 4: VFR, six months full-time, six months night-only wear. Study models were taken prior to treatment (T0), after debonding (T1), six months after debonding (T2), and 12 months after debonding (T3). Little’s irregularity index, intercanine and intermolar widths, arch length, overjet and overbite were measured. Repeated measure ANOVA with one-fixed factor, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis or Welch’s heteroscedastic F-test, were applied.

Results: Fifty-eight patients were analysed at T2, and 52 patients at T3. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of a Hawley appliance or VFRs on arch stability after six months. The intercanine width changes from the sixth to 12th month of retention showed a significant difference (p = 0.016) between Group 2 (-0.38 ± 0.58 mm) and Group 3 (0.39 ± 0.94 mm).

Conclusions: Different wearing regimens of a Hawley appliance or VFR retainers did not reveal any difference determined by Little’s irregularity index. Full-time usage of VFRs provided better intercanine width retention than night-only Hawley retainer wear in the maxillary arch.
Tools for improving the efficiency of corporate governance at enterprises of rocket and space engineering
Authors: Абрашкин М.С. , Хорошавина Н.С. , Гусаков М.С.
Published: September 2021

Сложившиеся условия развития предприятий ракетно-космического машиностроения требуют переосмысления эффективности их корпоративного управления, подходов к формированию советов директоров и обоснованию привлечения независимых директоров в их составах. Специфика отрасли требует трансформации функции целеполагания, усиления роли экономических результатов над общественными, которые при условии превалирования участия государства в акционерных капиталах выступают доминирующими. По результатам исследования 62 предприятий отрасли удалось установить изменение их организационно-правовых форм в сторону нарастания акционерных обществ, а анализ выборочной совокупности из них позволил установить закономерности в корпоративном управлении и концептуализировать предложения по его совершенствованию.

The current conditions for the development of rocket and space engineering enterprises require a rethinking of the effectiveness of their corporate governance, approaches to the formation of Boards of Directors and the rationale for attracting independent directors in their composition. The specifics of the industry require the transformation of the goal-setting function, the strengthening of the role of economic results over public ones, which, given the prevalence of state participation in equity capital, are dominant. According to the results of the study of 62 enterprises in the industry, it was possible to establish a change in their organizational and legal forms towards the growth of joint-stock companies, and the analysis of a sample of them made it possible to establish patterns in corporate governance and conceptualize proposals for its improvement.
Accounting for changes in the norms of expenditure of material resources in the flow of value creation by an industrial enterprise
Authors: Мизиковский И.Е.
Published: September 2021

Учет изменения норм материальных ресурсов представляет собой сложную и актуальную проблему, обусловленную систематическим увеличением их частоты и направленности. Актуализируется запрос менеджмента на систематизированное представление данных об этих изменениях, адекватно отражаемых в информационном пространстве менеджмента хозяйствующего субъекта промышленной сферы. В статье предложено усовершенствованная методика структурирования и ведения учетных регистров нормированных материальных ресурсов и их отражения с учетом изменений в процессе формирования себестоимости продукции (услуг, товаров) по нормам.

Accounting for changes in the norms of material resources is a complex and urgent problem due to the systematic increase in their frequency and direction. The management's request for a systematic presentation of data on these changes, which is adequately reflected in the management information space of an economic entity in the industrial sphere, is updated. The article offers an improved method of structuring and maintaining accounting registers of standardized material resources and their reflection, taking into account changes in the process of forming the cost of products (services, goods) according to the standards.
Russia's participation in processes of higher education regionalization
Authors: Алексахина В.Г. , Игнатова О.В.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются процессы регионализации сферы высшего образования. Региональные союзы обладают существенными преимуществами в экономике и могут успешно конкурировать и на международном рынке при поддержке со стороны правительства. Авторы анализируют факторы, приведшие к активизации интеграционных процессов, а также особенности формирования образовательных консорциумов с участием Российской Федерации, а именно Славянских университетов на постсоветском пространстве, а также Сетевых университетов в рамках СНГ, ШОС и ЕАЭС.

The article deals with the regionalization processes in the sphere of higher education. Regional unions have significant economic advantages and can successfully compete in the international market with government support. The authors analyze the factors that have led to the activation of integration processes and the formation peculiarities of educational consortia with the participation of the Russian Federation. The most famous regional universities are Slavic Universities and Network universities of the CIS, the SCO and the EAEU.
Regional problems of transport and logistics system development in the Russian Federation
Authors: Федотов А.В. , Околелых А.А.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблемы функционирования транспортно-логистической системы в регионах Российской Федерации. Одной из важнейших задач, стоящих перед федеральными и региональными властями является развитие транспортно-логистической системы регионов. Возникает ряд сложных проблем, таких как: транснационализация товарных рынков из-за углубления кооперации и специализации производства, увеличение количества позиций товарной номенклатуры. Учитывается параллельный рост потребляемой массы продукции, внедрение инновационных технологий в логистические цепочки поставок и другие возникающие изменения.

The article deals with the problems of functioning of the transport and logistics system in the regions of the Russian Federation. One of the most important tasks facing the federal and regional authorities is the development of the transport and logistics system of the regions. There are a number of complex problems, such as: the transnationalization of commodity markets due to the deepening of cooperation and specialization of production, an increase in the number of items in the commodity nomenclature. It takes into account the parallel growth of the consumed mass of products, the introduction of innovative technologies in the logistics supply chain and other emerging changes.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry
Authors: Бурденко Е.В. , Кадиева А.Т.
Published: September 2021

Проводится анализ и изучение степени влияния введенных карантинных мер из-за начала и вспышки коронавирусной инфекции на отрасль общественного питания в России и других странах. В статье приведены статистические данные о текущей ситуации в данной отрасли, а также описаны варианты антикризисных мероприятий для предотвращения дальнейшего ухудшения положения предприятий ресторанного бизнеса.

The analysis and study of the impact of the introduced quarantine measures due to the onset and outbreak of coronavirus infection on the catering industry in Russia and other countries is being carried out. The article provides statistical data on the current situation in this industry, as well as describes options for anti-crisis measures to prevent further deterioration of the restaurant business.
Chronological aspects of the implementation of industrial management information systems at the macro level
Authors: Веселовский М.Я. , Сидоров М.А.
Published: September 2021

Исторический анализ цифровизации в сфере государственного управления показывает, что использование в осуществляющемся на макроуровне регулировании экономических процессов возможно широкое применение информационных систем. Данная статья посвящена изучению информационных систем управления промышленностью на макроуровне как в историческом отношении, так и существующих. В ходе исследования выполнен анализ советских информационных систем, концепции их внедрения и развития, а также системы, функционирующей в рамках рыночной экономики. Выдвинут ряд прогнозных предположений о перспективах развития данных систем.

The historical analysis of digitalization in the field of public administration shows that the use of information systems in the regulation of economic processes carried out at the macrolevel is possible. This article is devoted to the study of information systems for industrial management at the macro level. In the course of the study, the analysis of Soviet information systems, the concept of their implementation and development, as well as the system functioning within the framework of the market economy was carried out. A number of predictive assumptions have been made about the prospects for the development of these systems.
Risk assessment of additional financial costs on the example of implementation of projects of the rocket space industry
Authors: Докукина Е.В. , Парфенова Е.В.
Published: September 2021

В работе исследуется один из возможных метод оценки риска дополнительных финансовых незапланированных затрат в рамках реализации проектов ракетно-космической отрасли, поскольку по различным причинам они не учитывались при определении технико-экономических показателей реализуемого перспективного проекта. Следовательно, предлагаемый метод позволяет на ранних стадиях проведения исследований оценить дополнительные затраты и учесть их влияние на конечные технико-экономические показатели перспективного проекта. Метод строится на основе статистического анализа затрат по этапам жизненного цикла и по проекту в целом. По итогам исследования сделан вывод о том, что риск дополнительных финансовых затрат может снизить эффективность проекта в полтора - три раза.

The paper explores one of the possible methods for assessing the risk of additional unplanned costs for the implementation of a promising project. Under additional means costs that for some reason were not planned when determining the technical and economic indicators of the prospective project being implemented. The proposed method allows for the early stages of research to assess the additional costs and take into account their impact on the final technical and economic indicators of a promising project. The method is based on a statistical analysis of costs for the stages of the life cycle and for the project as a whole. The study concluded that the risk of additional costs may reduce the effectiveness of the project in one and a half to three times.
System analysis of the echelon scheme for the formation of the switching field of the centralized video surveillance node of office infocommunication systems
Authors: Семенов А.Б. , Гончаров Д.А. , Лёвкин А.В.
Published: September 2021

Введено понятие эшелонной схемы построения коммутационного поля центрального узла систем IP-видеонаблюдения и выполнена соответствующая ей модернизация типовых принципов расположение образующего его оборудования. Обоснована возможность размещения оборудования центрального узла в 19-дюймовом шкафу шириной 600 мм при количестве телекамер вплоть до 480. Проведена оценка средней длины коммутационных шнуров и показано, что обращение к эшелонной схеме дает практически двукратное сокращение этого параметра, что улучшает условия администрирование системы.

The concept of an echelon scheme for constructing the switching field of the central node of IP-video surveillance systems was introduced and the corresponding modernization of the standard principles of the arrangement of the equipment forming it was performed. The possibility of placing the equipment of the central unit in a 19-inch cabinet 600 mm wide with the number of cameras up to 480 was substantiated. The estimation of the average length of the patch cords was carried out and was shown that the use of the echelon scheme gave an almost double reduction of this parameter that improved the conditions for system administration.
Formation of an expanded criteria base for managing the effectiveness of the most important elements of advanced space systems for monitoring the Earth's gravitational field
Authors: Азаренко Л.Г.
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются подходы к формированию критериальной базы оценки эффективности при проектировании перспективных космических систем на примере космических систем мониторинга гравитационного поля Земли. Сформулированы основные требования к созданию критериальной базы. Дано определение критерия и обобщенного критерия эффективности применительно к элементам перспективных космических систем. Рассмотрены общие и частные критерии эффективности перспективных космических систем в зависимости от назначения конкретной системы (оборонного применения, гражданские, многоцелевые).

The article considers approaches to the formation of a criteria base for evaluating the effectiveness of the design of advanced space systems on the example of space systems for monitoring the Earth's gravitational field. The main requirements for creating a criteria base are formulated. The definition of the criterion and the generalized criterion of efficiency in relation to the elements of advanced space systems is given. General and specific criteria for the effectiveness of advanced space systems are considered, depending on the purpose of a particular system (defense, civil, multi-purpose).
Designing of a combined propulsion system for the first stage of the rocket
Authors: Щурин К.В. , Береснев С.А. , Капустин В.А.
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена разработке комбинированной двигательной установки первой ступени ракеты. Рассмотрены действующие системы, их преимущества и недостатки, а также задача выведения большего количества полезной нагрузки в космос за счёт уменьшения веса топлива, а также улучшения экологического фактора. Показана аналогичная разработка КДУ. Представлены расчеты веса конструкции и количества топлива.

The article is devoted to the development of the combined propulsion system of the first stage of the rocket. The current systems, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the task of bringing more payload into space by reducing the weight of fuel, as well as improving the environmental factor are considered. A similar development of the CPS is shown. Calculations of the weight of the structure and the amount of fuel are presented.
Islamic Education Marketing Discourse From Maslahah Perspective
Authors: Sholikah Sholikah , Syukur Fatah , Junaedi Mahfud
Published: September 2021

The marketing paradigm has undergone a change from the rational level to the emotional level, and finally, the shift in the spiritual level. Such discourse results in different marketing strategies, especially the marketing applied by both profit and non-profit organizations. Educational institutions, including non-profit organizations, must have a marketing strategy following the spiritual level shift. One spiritual aspect in the marketing of Islamic education is the level of maslahah (utility) applied to all marketing activities. The purpose of this study is to examine educational marketing from a maslahah perspective. This writing is library research with a qualitative descriptive approach—data sources in the form of references related to the study topic. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively, including data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that the maslahah of Islamic education customers was the main objective of all Islamic education marketing activities.
Islamic Education During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Dynamic of Online Learning on Character Education
Authors: Islamy Mohammad Rindu Fajar
Published: September 2021

This study explores the Islamic Education learning process dynamics during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the character education activities. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the learning model from face-to-face to online learning. Developing effective and efficient online learning procedures and forms is a significant challenge faced by teachers. This research study incorporates a qualitative approach where data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The object of the research were three government schools, namely SMPN 3 Lembang, SMKN 10 Bandung, and SMAN 1 Sungailiat Bangka Belitung. The research question is directed to explore the dynamics and problems that arise and the role of teachers and schools in mitigating these problems. The study results showed that most online learning uses popular applications such as Zoom, Google Meet, Google Classroom, Whatsapp Group, and Quizziz. To make online learning effective, among the efforts made by the teacher were explaining the technical activities to be carried out. Constraints that often occurred are limited internet quotas, network constraints, to inadequate computer devices. Amid the challenging situation, learning to shape students' character was still undertaken by internalizing religious values manifested in various forms of simple online religious activities.
The Roles of Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: Valizadeh Amir , Asghari Samira , Mansouri Parinaz , Alemi Forough , Majidinia Maryam , Mahmoodpoor Ata , Yousefi Bahman
Published: September 2021

In recent years, knowledge of cardiac regeneration mechanisms has dramatically expanded. Regeneration can replace lost parts of organs, common among animal species. The heart is commonly considered an organ with terminal development, which has no reparability potential during post-natal life. However, some intrinsic regeneration capacity has been reported for cardiac muscle, which opens novel avenues in cardiovascular disease treatment. Different endogenous mechanisms have been studied for cardiac repairing and regeneration in recent decades. Survival, proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell-cell communication, cardiomyogenesis, and anti-aging pathways are the most important mechanisms that have been studied in this regard. Several in vitro and animal model studies focused on proliferation induction for cardiac regeneration reported promising results. These studies have mainly focused on promoting proliferation signaling pathways and demonstrated various signaling pathways such as Wnt, PI3K/Akt, IGF- 1, TGF-β, Hippo, and VEGF signaling cardiac regeneration. Therefore, in this review, we intend to discuss the connection between different critical signaling pathways in cardiac repair and regeneration.
Entrectinib: A New Selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Approved for the Treatment of Pediatric and Adult Patients with NTRK Fusionpositive, Recurrent or Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Osman Hind M. , Tuncbilek Meral
Published: September 2021

Background:

Entrectinib is a highly potent ATP-competitive and selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinases - Trk A B C, ALK, and ROS1. It was developed by Roche and initially approved in Japan in 2019 to treat pediatric and adult patients with NTRK fusionpositive, recurrent, or advanced solid tumors. In August 2019, entrectinib received accelerated approval by the U.S FDA for this indication. It is also the first FDA-approved drug designed to target both NTRK and ROS1.

Objective:

We aim to summarize recent studies related to the synthesis, mechanism of action, and clinical trials of the newly approved selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor entrectinib.

Method:

We conduct a literature review of the research studies on the new highly-potent small-molecule entrectinib.

Conclusion:

Entrectinib, based on three clinical studies (ALKA, STARTRK-1, and STARTRK-2), was well tolerated, with a manageable safety profile. It induced clinically meaningful responses in recurrent or advanced solid tumors associated with NTRK fusion- positive or ROS1+ NSCLC. It demonstrated substantial efficacy in patients with CNS metastases.
Protective Effects of Curcumin against Iron-induced Toxicity
Authors: Moinipour Nastaran , Barati Mahdi , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Iranshahy Milad , Shakeri Abolfazl
Published: September 2021

:

Iron is an essential element in cellular metabolism that participates in many biochemical reactions. Nevertheless, iron overload in the body is the cause of damage in some organs including the liver, glands, brain, heart, gastrointestinal tract and lung. Iron chelation therapy could be con-sidered an effective approach for removing excess iron. Deferoxamine, deferiprone and deferasirox are three common iron chelators in clinical practice but cause several side effects. In this context, the use of curcumin, a dietary phytochemical derived from turmeric, as a natural and safe antioxi-dant with iron-chelating activity may be a useful strategy for the management of iron overload. This review focuses on the deleterious effect of iron accumulation in different organs of the body as well as the therapeutic potential of curcumin against iron-induced toxicity.
Experimental and Computational Insights into Bis-indolylmethane
Derivatives as Potent Antimicrobial Agents Inhibiting 2,2-dialkylglycine
Decarboxylase
Authors: Nagre Dnyaneshwar T. , Thorat Bapu R. , Mali Suraj N. , Farooqui Mazhar , Agrawal Brijmohan
Published: September 2021

Background:

A series of bis(indolyl)methanes (3a-3o) have been synthesized using a greener
and new approach using the reaction of different substituted aldehydes and indole in the presence of an
easily available and biodegradable base such as piperidine in acetic acid at room temperature and characterized
with UV (Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS),
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-NMR), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
(FTIR).

Methods:

All 15 newly synthesized compounds (3a-3o) were subjected to in-vitro anti-microbial activity
determination and compared with the known standard drug ciprofloxacin (1-2 μg/mL). Our in-silico
analysis on the target protein, pdb id: 1d7u suggested that these analogues would be highly active
against bacterial targets and thus, would act as good antimicrobial agents.

Results:

All 15 newly synthesized compounds (3a-3o) displayed potent activity on various experimental
microbial strains (1.0-1.4 μg/mL). Compound, 3k was obtained as the best docked compound against
common bacterial target enzyme, (pdb id:1d7u). The standard, Ciprofloxacin, retained the docking score
of -111.3 Kcal/mol with similar binding amino acid residues (LYS272 (Pi-cation); ALA A:245 (Pisigma);
TRP A:138 (Pi-Pi); ALA A:112; and MET A:141 (Pi-alkyl)) as of inbound.

Conclusion :

We believe that our current study would shed more light on the development of potent
bis(indolyl)methanes as antimicrobial agents.
Post-Discharge Prophylactic Anticoagulation in COVID-19 Patients: A
Clinical Dilemma
Authors: Yadav Prakrati , Kumar Deepak , Meena Durga S. , Midha Naresh K, , Bohra Gopal K. , Garg Mahendra K. , Purohit Abhishek H.L.
Published: September 2021

Background:

COVID-19 pandemic has taken a great toll on the health care system
worldwide. Along with the pandemic, there is also a concern regarding post COVID-19 complications
in recovered patients. Thromboembolism (TE) has been reported as a fatal complication in recovered
patients with COVID-19. There is still a great dilemma in post-discharge TE prophylaxis
and its long-term benefits.

Case Description:

We reported three cases of post COVID-19 with complications related to both
diseases as well as post discharge anticoagulant therapy. The first case is about a 60-yr-old male
who developed Covid-19 pneumonia (moderate disease) and was discharged on rivaroxaban after
initial improvement. 3 weeks later, the patient was readmitted with lower gastro-intestinal
bleeding. The other two cases developed pulmonary thromboembolism within a span of 2-3
months (after recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia). Both these patients were not prescribed anticoagulants
for TE prophylaxis.

Conclusion:

There is an imperative need for effective guidelines for post discharge TE prophylaxis
in COVID-19.
Hablar español en Estados Unidos
Authors: Leeman Jennifer , Fuller Janet M.
Published: September 2021

Este libro ofrece un acercamiento a la sociolingüística, centrándose en el español hablado en los Estados Unidos. Se examina la historia del español en dicho país, la relación de la lengua con las identidades latinxs, y las formas en que las ideologías y las políticas lingüísticas reflejan y condicionan la percepción del español y sus hablantes.
Linguistic Practice in Changing Conditions
Authors: Rampton Ben
Published: September 2021

This book draws on 10 years of collaborative sociolinguistic work on the changing conditions of language use. It begins with guiding principles, shifts to empirically driven arguments in urban sociolinguistics, and concludes with studies of (in)securitised communication addressed to challenges ahead.
Эффективная масса, подвижность носителей заряда и решеточная теплопроводность в нанокомпозитных термоэлектриках на основе халькогенидов висмута и сурьмы
Authors: Лукьянова Л.Н. , Шабалдин А.А. , Самунин А.Ю. , Усов О.А.
Published: September 2021

In the p-type thermoelectrics based on bismuth chalcogenides and antimony with an excess bismuth, the density of states effective mass m/m0 increases in nanocomposite and nanostructured solid solutions compared with the base material obtained by the direct crystallization method. It is shown that an increase in m/m0 is associated with an increase in the effective scattering parameter reff and amplifying the relaxation time of energy, which is typical for topological insulators. The material parameter beta, proportional to the thermoelectric efficiency of ZT, at temperatures below room increases stronger in nanostructured composition than in a nanocomposite with the inclusions of SiO2 due to the growth of m/m0 and decrease the lattice thermal conductivity κL. At high temperatures in the range of 300-500 to the greatest growth of the parameter beta in the base material associated with higher mobility.
Генерация тока в структурах Pd/InP в атмосфере водорода
Authors: Шутаев В.А. , Гребенщикова Е.А. , Сидоров В.Г. , Яковлев Ю.П.
Published: September 2021

The current generation mechanism in Pd/InP Schottky diodes has been studied in the range of 90−300K in vacuum, hydrogen-nitrogen mixture of concentration from 4 to 100 vol.%, and under illuminating of the structures by LED with the wavelength of 0.9 μm, corresponding to the absorption edge in InP. It was shown that at low temperature (T = 90K) I−V characteristics of the structures in vacuum have rectifying character with the barrier height of 130−150meV. In hydrogen-nitrogen medium the barrier height decreases almost to zero with increasing the temperature to 300K due to palladium work function decreasing. It was demonstrated that under simultaneous impact of illumination (λ = 0.9 μm) and hydrogen-nitrogen mixture there are two opposite directed electron flows in the structures, one of which is related to the LED illumination and the other one to hydrogen absorption in palladium layer.
Особенности превращения метастабильного аустенита в мартенсит деформации при лазерной наплавке порошковой проволокой 60Cr7TiAl
Authors: Гохфельд Н.В. , Филиппов М.А. , Коробов Ю.С. , Эстемирова С.Х. , Морозов С.О.
Published: September 2021

Наплавки порошковой проволоки Fe-Cr-C-T-Al были выполнены лазерным, дуговым и гибридным методами. Лабораторные испытания показали, что наплавленные слои сильно различаются по износостойкости. Для выявления причин были проведены исследования металлографическим, рентгеноструктурным и дюрометрическим методами. Анализ результатов исследований показал, что причиной является разница в скоростях охлаждения наплавленного металла в диапазоне 1100-800 K. Это различие приводит к возможности образования метастабильной аустенитной структуры, что, в свою очередь, влияет на износостойкость наплавленных слоев. Ключевые слова: порошковая проволока, износостойкость, металлография, рентгеновская дифракция, микротвердость, лазерная наплавка, дуговая наплавка, гибридная наплавка.
Коррелированное накопление микротрещин при ударном повреждении поверхности α-кварца, аморфизованной имплантацией ионами Ar-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=-
Authors: Щербаков И.П. , Чмель А.Е.
Published: September 2021

The microcrack accumulation in impact damaged -quartz plates prior to and after the Ar+-ion implantation was studied with the acoustical emission (AE) method. The 40 keV implantation doses of 1014 and 1016 ion/cm2 were applied. The statistical analysis of the energy distribution in impact-induced AE time series detected in unirradiated samples showed a random (poissonian type) accumulation of defects which is specific for mechanical destruction of homogeneous brittle materials. The energy distribution in the AE time series excited when damaging the preliminary implanted samples followed a power law typical for the fracture of heterogeneous solids such as rocks, ceramics, etc. The optical photography evidenced a transition from brittle (prior to implantation) to ductile damage formation caused by the disturbed interconnectivity of the crystalline structure in irradiated specimens.
Природа стимулированного излучения ZnO в широком температурном интервале
Authors: Акопян И.Х. , Лабзовская М.Э. , Новиков Б.В. , Серов А.Ю.
Published: September 2021

Исследовано близкраевое излучение пленок ZnO, выращенных методом молекулярно-пучковой эпитаксии, в широких интервалах изменения интенсивности возбуждения (до 1000 kW/cm2) и температур (5-300 K). Обсуждаются проявления экситон-фононного, экситон-экситонного и экситон-электронного взаимодействий в спектрах стимулированного излучения. Обнаружена смена механизмов стимулированного излучения в различных интервалах температур. Ключевые слова: экситонное излучение, стимулированное излучение, экситон-экситонное взаимодействие, экситон-электронное взаимодействие.
A Wi-Fi–Based Mask-Type Laryngoscope for Telediagnosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Moon Youngjin , Hyun Jaeho , Oh Jeongmin , Lee Kwanhee , Lee Yoon Se , Kim Jun Ki
Published: September 2021

Background

Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing has become mandatory. Wireless endoscopy in contactless examinations promises to protect health care workers and reduce viral spread.

Objective

This study aimed to introduce a contactless endoscopic diagnosis system using a wireless endoscope resembling a mask.

Methods

The Wi-Fi–based contactless mask endoscopy system comprises a disposable endoscope and a controller. First, the effective force applied by the tip during insertion was evaluated in a simple transoral model consisting of a force sensor on a simulated oropharynx wall. Second, the delay in video streaming was evaluated by comparing the frame rate and delays between a movement and its image over direct and Wi-Fi connections. Third, the system was applied to a detailed laryngopharyngeal tract phantom.

Results

The smartphone-controlled wireless endoscopy system was successfully evaluated. The mean, maximum, and minimum collision forces against the wall of the transoral model were 296 mN (30 gf), 363 mN (37 gf), and 235 mN (24 gf), respectively. The delay resulting from the wireless connection was 0.72 seconds. Using the phantom, an inexperienced user took around 1 minute to orient the endoscope to a desired area via the app.

Conclusions

Device articulation does not pose a significant risk of laryngopharyngeal wall penetration, and latency does not significantly impede its use. Contactless wireless video streaming was successful within the access point range regardless of the presence of walls. The mask endoscope can be controlled and articulated wirelessly, minimizing contact between patients and device operators. By minimizing contact, the device can protect health care workers from infectious viruses like the coronavirus.
Pediatric Weight Management Through mHealth Compared to Face-to-Face Care: Cost Analysis of a Randomized Control Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Tully Louise , Sorensen Jan , O'Malley Grace
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth) may improve pediatric weight management capacity and the geographical reach of services, and overcome barriers to attending physical appointments using ubiquitous devices such as smartphones and tablets. This field remains an emerging research area with some evidence of its effectiveness; however, there is a scarcity of literature describing economic evaluations of mHealth interventions.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to assess the economic viability of using an mHealth approach as an alternative to standard multidisciplinary care by evaluating the direct costs incurred within treatment arms during a noninferiority randomized controlled trial (RCT).

METHODS

A digitally delivered (via a smartphone app) maintenance phase of a pediatric weight management program was developed iteratively with patients and families using evidence-based approaches. We undertook a microcosting exercise and budget impact analysis to assess the costs of delivery from the perspective of the publicly funded health care system. Resource use was analyzed alongside the RCT, and we estimated the costs associated with the staff time and resources for service delivery per participant.

RESULTS

In total, 109 adolescents participated in the trial, and 84 participants completed the trial (25 withdrew from the trial). We estimated the mean direct cost per adolescent attending usual care at €142 (SD 23.7), whereas the cost per adolescent in the mHealth group was €722 (SD 221.1), with variations depending on the number of weeks of treatment completion. The conversion rate for the reference year 2013 was $1=€0.7525. The costs incurred for those who withdrew from the study ranged from €35 to €681, depending on the point of dropout and study arm. The main driver of the costs in the mHealth arm was the need for health professional monitoring and support for patients on a weekly basis. The budget impact for offering the mHealth intervention to all newly referred patients in a 1-year period was estimated at €59,046 using the assessed approach.

CONCLUSIONS

This mHealth approach was substantially more expensive than usual care, although modifications to the intervention may offer opportunities to reduce the mHealth costs. The need for monitoring and support from health care professionals (HCPs) was not eliminated using this delivery model. Further research is needed to explore the cost-effectiveness and economic impact on families and from a wider societal perspective.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01804855; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01804855
Perceived Risk of Re-identification in OMOP-CDM Database: A Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Tak Yae Won , Yu Seng Chan , Han Jeong Hyun , Kim Soon-Seok , Kim Gi-Tae , Lee Yura
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

The advancement of information technology has immensely increased the quality and volume of health data. This has led to an increase in observational study, as well as to the threat of privacy invasion. Recently, a distributed research network based on the common data model (CDM) has emerged, enabling collaborative international medical research without sharing patient-level data. Although the CDM database for each institution is built inside a firewall, the risk of re-identification requires management.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to elucidate the perceptions CDM users have towards CDM and risk management for re-identification.

METHODS

The survey, targeted to answer specific in-depth questions on CDM, was conducted from October - November 2020. We targeted well-experienced researchers who actively use CDM. Basic statistics (total number and percent) were computed for all covariates.

RESULTS

There were 33 valid respondents. Of these, 43.8% demonstrated supplementary privacy measures were unnecessary, as the “minimum cell count” parameter was effective in minimizing the liability of re-identification. During extract-transform-load processes, 81.8% of respondents assumed structured data is under control from the risk of re-identification. However, respondents noted that date of birth and death were highly re-identifiable information. The majority of respondents (n=22, 66.7%) conceded the possibility of identifier-contained unstructured data in the NOTE table.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, CDM users generally attributed high reliability for privacy protection to the intrinsic nature of CDM. There was little demand for additional de-identification methods. However, unstructured data in the CDM were suspected to have risks. The necessity for a coordinating consortium to define and manage the re-identification risk of CDM was urged.
Augmenting the Referral Pathway for Retinal Services Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus at Reiyukai Eiko Masunaga Eye Hospital, Nepal: Protocol for a Nonrandomized, Pre–Post Intervention Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shrestha Ruchi , Singh Prerana , Dhakhwa Parami , Tetali Shailaja , Batchu Tripura , Shrestha Thapa Pragati
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important public health issue in Nepal with a huge social and economic impact. Despite the availability of retinal services, people may not access them because of the lack of knowledge about DR and poor referral systems. Published studies on referral pathways in Nepal are scarce. Improving DR awareness among general physicians has the potential to address these challenges.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a health education intervention on health personnel, establish a referral pathway, and assess the impact of the intervention on the attendance of patients with diabetes mellitus for retinal screening at Reiyukai Eiko Masunaga Eye Hospital in Nepal.

METHODS

This is a nonrandomized, pre- and postintervention study. Health education on DR will be provided to selected health personnel of the intervention hospital (Scheer Memorial) using information education and communication (IEC) materials in the form of PowerPoint presentations, posters, pamphlets, videos, and pre- and postevaluation questionnaires along with referral slip. Pre- and postevaluation will be undertaken during the study period. Data will be analyzed using MS Excel and Epi Info 7.

RESULTS

The ethical approval for this study has been obtained from the Ethical Review Board of the Nepal Health Research Council (ERB Protocol Registration Number # 582/2020P). The study is expected to be completed in 18 months from the start of the project. The baseline data collection was from June to January 2020 for a period of 8 months. The postintervention data collection was from February to September 2021 for a period of 8 months. The last 2 months are planned for data analysis and report writing.

CONCLUSIONS

Health education intervention could be a low-cost solution to improve the awareness, access, and utilization of retinal health care services; this is an understudied topic in Nepal. Working closely with the stakeholders, this study will evaluate the role of health education interventions (which are already validated in other low-income settings) to strengthen referral and reduce the burden of DR in Nepal.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04829084; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04829084

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/33116
Adolescents, Parents, and Providers Respond to a Tablet-Based Clinical Support Tool for Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Inquiry (Preprint)
Authors: Yazel Lisa , Panoch Janet , Al-Halbouni Layana , Hannon Tamara
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Adolescents with diabetes face many challenges with self-management, including taking on increasing responsibility for their autonomy over personal healthcare. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends that treatment is delivered with a patient-centered care model. Electronic clinical decision support (CDS) systems can facilitate use of evidence-based care algorithms and tailoring the adolescent diabetes appointment to patient needs.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to examine adolescent patient, parent, and provider experiences with implementing a tablet-based CDS with patient inputs in the pediatric diabetes clinic.

METHODS

Twenty post-implementation qualitative interviews were conducted with adolescents and parents, and six post-implementation interviews were conducted with healthcare providers.

RESULTS

Findings show that patients, parents, and providers liked the tablets versus using the paper forms. Patients, parents, and providers felt the tablet format promoted honestly with answering questions. Patients and parents were unsure if the provider looked at their responses, and providers reported barriers to using the system, affording an unclear effect on the visit.

CONCLUSIONS

Future work will develop CDS in T1D to improve patient and provider communication while positively affecting diabetes outcomes in adolescents.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A