bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of knowledge sharing in supply chain success
Authors: Rajabion Lila , Sataei Mokhtari Amin , Khordehbinan Mohammad Worya , Zare Mansoureh , Hassani Alireza
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and detailed review of the state-of-the-art mechanisms of knowledge sharing (KS) in the supply chain (SC) field, as well as directions for future research. Briefly, this paper tries to offer a systematic and methodical review of the KS mechanisms in the SC to provide a comparative summary of the selected articles, to collect and describe the factors that have the influence on KS and SC, to explore some main challenges in this field and to present the guidelines to face the existing challenges and outlining the key areas where the KS mechanisms in SC can be improved.

Design/methodology/approach

In the current study, a systematic literature review up to 2018 is presented on the supply chain’s mechanisms of KS. The authors identified 21,907 papers, which are reduced to 25 primary studies through the paper-selection process.

Findings

The results showed that the KS in SC helps to increase the success of the organizations, improve employee performance, increase competitive advantage, enhance innovation and improve relationships between supplier and consumer. However, there were some weaknesses, such as staff resistance to share knowledge in the SC because of fear of job loss.

Research limitations/implications

There are several limitations to this study. This study limited the search to Google Scholar. There might be other academic journals where Google does not find their paper and they can offer a more complete picture of the related articles. Finally, non-English publications were omitted from this study. It is possible that the research about the application of KS in SC can also be published in other languages. In addition, more studies need to be carried out using other methodologies such as interviews.

Originality/value

The paper presents a comprehensive structured literature review of the articles’ mechanisms of KS in SC. The paper’s findings can offer insights into future research needs. By providing comparative information and analyzing the current developments in this area, this paper will directly support academics and practicing professionals for better knowing the progress in KS mechanisms.
Potential identification and industrial evaluation of an integrated design automation workflow
Authors: Entner Doris , Prante Thorsten , Vosgien Thomas , Zăvoianu Alexandru-Ciprian , Saminger-Platz Susanne , Schwarz Martin , Fink Klara
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The paper aims to raise awareness in the industry of design automation tools, especially in early design phases, by demonstrating along a case study the seamless integration of a prototypically implemented optimization, supporting design space exploration in the early design phase and an in operational use product configurator, supporting the drafting and detailing of the solution predominantly in the later design phase.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the comparison of modeled as-is and to-be processes of ascent assembly designs with and without design automation tools, an automation roadmap is developed. Using qualitative and quantitative assessments, the potentials and benefits, as well as acceptance and usage aspects, are evaluated.

Findings

Engineers tend to consider design automation for routine tasks. Yet, prototypical implementations support the communication and identification of the potential for the early stages of the design process to explore solution spaces. In this context, choosing from and interactively working with automatically generated alternative solutions emerged as a particular focus. Translators, enabling automatic downstream propagation of changes and thus ensuring consistency as to change management were also evaluated to be of major value.

Research limitations/implications

A systematic validation of design automation in design practice is presented. For generalization, more case studies are needed. Further, the derivation of appropriate metrics needs to be investigated to normalize validation of design automation in future research.

Practical implications

Integration of design automation in early design phases has great potential for reducing costs in the market launch. Prototypical implementations are an important ingredient for potential evaluation of actual usage and acceptance before implementing a live system.

Originality/value

There is a lack of systematic validation of design automation tools supporting early design phases. In this context, this work contributes a systematically validated industrial case study. Early design-phases-support technology transfer is important because of high leverage potential.
Organizational transformation in health care: an activity theoretical analysis
Authors: Kirk Jeanette , Andersen Ove , Petersen Janne
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Older patients are at high risk of hospital readmission, which has led to an increasing number of screening and intervention programs. Knowledge on implementing screening tools for preventing readmissions in emergency department (ED), where the primary focus is often the present-day flow of patients, is scant. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether a new screening tool for predicting readmissions and functional decline in medical patients>65 years of age could be implemented and its influence on cross-continuum collaborations between the primary and secondary sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

The study took place in an ED in Denmark, in collaboration with the surrounding municipalities. An evaluation workshop with nurses and leaders from the ED and the surrounding municipalities took place with the aim of investigating the organizational changes that occurred in daily practice after the implementation of the screening tool. The workshop was designed and analyzed using cultural historical activity theory (CHAT).

Findings

The results showed that it was possible to develop collaboration between the two sectors during the test period. However, the screening tool created different transformations for the municipality employees and in the ED. The contradictions indicated that the screening tool did not mediate a general and sustained transformation in the cross-continuum collaboration.

Research limitations/implications

Screening tools are not objective, neutral or “acontexual” artifacts and must always be adapted to the local context and sectors. CHAT offers a perspective to understand the collective object when working with organizational transformations and implementation.

Practical implications

The study have shown that screening tools are not objective, neutral or “acontexual” artifacts and must always be adapted to the local context. This is called adaption process. This adaption requires time and resources that should be taken into consideration from the beginning of introduction of new screens.

Originality/value

This paper contributes with knowledge about CHAT which offers a way to understand the leading collective object when working with organizational transformations and implementation. CHAT focuses not only on the structural changes but also on the cultural aspects of organizational changes, which is important if we want to reach a sustained change and implement the new screening tool in different sectors.
Influence of ethical ideology and emotional intelligence on the ethical judgement of future accountants in Malaysia
Authors: Ismail Suhaiza , Rasheed Zuhudha
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the influence of personal factors on the ethical judgement of future accountants in Malaysia. In particular, there are two research objectives for this study: first, to investigate the influence of ethical ideology on the ethical judgement of accounting students and second, to investigate the influence of emotional intelligence (EI) on ethical judgement.

Design/methodology/approach

The respondents of the study were final year undergraduate accounting students from three public universities in Malaysia. A survey questionnaire comprising instruments about ethical ideology, EI and ethical judgement was distributed. A total of 205 responses were received and were deemed as useable. To achieve the research objectives, multiple regression was performed.

Findings

The findings indicate that idealism and EI have a positive influence on the ethical judgement. In contrast, the study discovered that relativism influences ethical judgement negatively.

Originality/value

This study fills the research gap as research on personal factors on the ethical judgement of future accountants is very limited and scarce. It gives insights to the various parties concerning how to enhance ethical judgement among future accountants, which ultimately will improve the credibility of the accounting profession.
Personality traits and knowledge sharing behavior in social media: mediating role of trust and subjective well-being
Authors: Jami Pour Mona , Taheri Fatemeh
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Over the past decade, social media have significantly changed the way people communicate and interact with one another, which might result in positive or negative consequences. Every day, people use these technologies to share knowledge in the form of short messages, articles, images, videos and voice. Universities use social media to better connect the learners and educational communities. Previous studies have reported the positive impact of using social media by students to share knowledge. Despite the significance of social media usage in educational activities, there still remain limitations. Few studies have empirically investigated drivers related to knowledge sharing behavior in social media, and there are some inconsistent findings concerning effective factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to empirically examine the effect of personality traits on knowledge sharing behavior in social media among students by the mediating role of trust and subjective well-being (SWB).

Design/methodology/approach

To obtain this aim, cross-sectional survey was conducted. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the sample of 527 Iranian students, out of which 425 were used in the final analysis. Regression analysis and bootstrap method were used to test the research hypotheses.

Findings

The research findings revealed that the big five personality traits are associated with SWB, perceived trust and knowledge sharing behavior among students. With the exception of conscientiousness trait, all the traits used in this study lead to a significant change of the knowledge sharing behavior among students.

Practical implications

The findings offer further understanding about the mechanisms by which personality traits lead to knowledge sharing behavior through trust and SWB. They suggest the students to enhance personality profile and improve SWB for the benefit of these new educational platforms. Also, policymakers are encouraged to create trustworthy social media platforms to increase perceived trust and eventually knowledge sharing behavior among students.

Originality/value

Little is known about the effect of personality traits, as well as trust and SWB on knowledge sharing behavior among students. The study contributes to the related literature through empirically indicating how personality traits influence knowledge sharing behavior by the mediating role of trust and SWB.
Alliance cooperation joint ATM network: exploring the banking sector in Indonesia
Authors: Damayanti Krisna , Setyawardani Lydia
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study aims to determine the factors that encourage Indonesian banks to collaborate in the banking networks ATM Prima and ATM Bersama to achieve business efficiencies.

Design/methodology/approach

A combination of methods is used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Factor analysis and different testing technics are used. The data were obtained through interviews with managers of the banks involved in the two banking networks included in this study.

Findings

This research addresses ATM banking from three perspectives: banks that collaborate in ATM networks, banks that are joint ATM providers and banking customers that use ATMs. The results show that the banks in the study are more concerned about cost-effectiveness and cost-efficiencies in both the operational and investment aspects of supporting their ATM infrastructures. ATM providers place more importance on creating the most user-friendly, stable, wide-ranging and continuous system of services by collaborating with other banks in networks that provide ATM services. Customers put more importance on paying the minimum possible administration fees and the availability of specific banking services across a wide area.

Research limitations/implications

This research took place over a period of only one year. This limited the depth of the data collected. A longer study using data that cover more than one fiscal year would have generated more detailed information.

Practical implications

This study places importance on maximizing cost-efficiencies to keep bank fees low for customers. There are significant investment and operational costs associated with setting up and operating ATMs and of adding and managing additional ATMs. This is particularly so in an era when their use is on the decline owing to the increasing use of electronic banking.

Social implications

The social implications of ATM banking refer to the reduced administration fees customers pay as banks incur cost savings from collaborating on infrastructure and services. The availability of ATMs from specific banks could be replaced by one joint ATM machine that is situated in a specific area where electronic banking is not available. Banks’ customers tend to move to other banking services, and this means banks could lose a lot of their existing customers unless they can come up with unique services that are both accessible and user-friendly.

Originality/value

The originality of this research is that it recommends that some strategies Indonesian banks could use to become more efficient and effective, including forming ATM alliances to maximize efficiency and to achieve a competitive advantage.
Does corporate social responsibility affect the cost of equity in controversial industry sectors?
Authors: Hmaittane Abdelmajid , Bouslah Kais , M’Zali Bouchra
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine whether corporate social responsibility influences the cost of equity capital of firms operating in controversial industry sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper computes the ex-ante cost of equity capital implied in analyst earnings forecasts and stock prices for a sample of 2,006 US firm-year observations belonging to controversial industry sectors (alcohol, tobacco, gambling, military, firearms, nuclear power, oil and gas, cement and biotechnology) during the period 1991-2012. The baseline regression model links CSR score to the implied cost of equity capital (ICC) and controls for firm-specific characteristics, industry factors and economic or market-wide factors. This model enables to capture the differential effect of CSR on ICC when the firm belongs to a specific sector of the controversial industries by adding an interaction term between CSR and the dummy variable representing this belonging.

Findings

The findings show two main results. First, CSR engagement significantly reduces the implied cost of equity capital (ICC) in all controversial industry sectors, taken as a group, as well as in each one of these sectors individually. Second, this effect is more pronounced when the firm belongs to the alcohol and tobacco industry sectors.

Practical implications

The findings have two important practical implications. First, they should increase managers’ confidence and incentives, in controversial industry sectors, to pursue CSR activities. Second, policymakers can encourage managers to undertake CSR initiatives in controversial industry sectors through tax incentives (e.g. reduce taxes for CSR related investment projects).

Originality/value

This paper extends prior studies that investigate the perceptions of capital market participants of firm’s CSR commitment (Sharfman and Fernando, 2008; Goss and Roberts, 2011; El Ghoul et al., 2011; Jo and Na, 2012; Bouslah et al., 2013) by examining the effect of CSR on ICC in the controversial industry sectors. It contributes to the debate around the relevance of CSR in controversial sectors by providing evidence of the reduction effect of CSR activities on ICC in controversial industries and by showing that this reduction impact is more pronounced when the firm belongs to alcohol, tobacco industry sectors.
Industrial bees: The impact of apicultural intensification on local disease prevalence
Authors: Bartlett Lewis J. , Rozins Carly , Brosi Berry J. , Delaplane Keith S. , de Roode Jacobus C. , White Andrew , Wilfert Lena , Boots Michael
Published: July 2019

It is generally thought that the intensification of farming will result in higher disease prevalences, although there is little specific modelling testing this idea. Focussing on honeybees, we build multi‐colony models to inform how “apicultural intensification” is predicted to impact honeybee pathogen epidemiology at the apiary scale.

We used both agent‐based and analytical models to show that three linked aspects of apicultural intensification (increased population sizes, changes in population network structure and increased between‐colony transmission) are unlikely to greatly increase disease prevalence in apiaries. Principally this is because even low‐intensity apiculture exhibits high disease prevalence.

The greatest impacts of apicultural intensification are found for diseases with relatively low R0 (basic reproduction number), however, such diseases cause little overall disease prevalence and, therefore, the impacts of intensification are minor. Furthermore, the smallest impacts of intensification are for diseases with high R0 values, which we argue are typical of important honeybee diseases.

Policy Implications: Our findings contradict the idea that apicultural intensification by crowding honeybee colonies in large, dense apiaries leads to notably higher disease prevalences for established honeybee pathogens. More broadly, our work demonstrates the need for informative models of all agricultural systems and management practices in order to understand the implications of management changes on diseases.
Setting ecological expectations for adaptive management of marine protected areas
Authors: Nickols Kerry J. , White J. Wilson , Malone Dan , Carr Mark H. , Starr Richard M. , Baskett Marissa L. , Hastings Alan , Botsford Louis W.
Published: July 2019

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are being implemented worldwide, yet there are few cases where managers make specific predictions of the response of previously harvested populations to MPA implementation.

Such predictions are needed to evaluate whether MPAs are working as expected, and if not, why. This evaluation is necessary to perform adaptive management, identifying whether and when adjustments to management might be necessary to achieve MPA goals.

Using monitoring data and population models, we quantified expected responses of targeted species to MPA implementation and compared them to monitoring data.

The model required two factors to explain observed responses in MPAs: (a) pre‐MPA harvest rates, which can vary at local spatial scales, and (b) recruitment variability before and after MPA establishment. Low recruitment years before MPA establishment in our study system drove deviations from expected equilibrium population size distributions and introduced an additional time lag to response detectability.

Synthesis and applications. We combined monitoring data and population models to show how (a) harvest rates prior to Marine Protected Area (MPA) implementation, (b) variability in recruitment, and (c) initial population size structure determine whether a response to MPA establishment is detectable. Pre‐MPA harvest rates across MPAs plays a large role in MPA response detectability, demonstrating the importance of measuring this poorly known parameter. While an intuitive expectation is for response detectability to depend on recruitment variability and stochasticity in population trajectories after MPA establishment, we address the overlooked role of recruitment variability before MPA establishment, which alters the size structure at the time of MPA establishment. These factors provide MPA practitioners with reasons whether or not MPAs may lead to responses of targeted species. Our overall approach provides a framework for a critical step of adaptive management.
Multi‐omic analyses of exogenous nutrient bag decomposition by the black morel Morchella importuna reveal sustained carbon acquisition and transferring
Authors: Tan Hao , Kohler Annegret , Miao Renyun , Liu Tianhai , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Bo , Jiang Lin , Wang Yong , Xie Liyuan , Tang Jie , Li Xiaolin , Liu Lixu , Grigoriev Igor V. , Daum Chris , LaButti Kurt , Lipzen Anna , Kuo Alan , Morin Emmanuelle , Drula Elodie , Henrissat Bernard , Wang Bo , Huang Zhongqian , Gan Bingcheng , Peng Weihong , Martin Francis M.
Published: July 2019

The black morel (Morchella importuna Kuo, O'Donnell and Volk) was once an uncultivable wild mushroom, until the development of exogenous nutrient bag (ENB), making its agricultural production quite feasible and stable. To date, how the nutritional acquisition of the morel mycelium is fulfilled to trigger its fruiting remains unknown. To investigate the mechanisms involved in ENB decomposition, the genome of a cultivable morel strain (M. importuna SCYDJ1‐A1) was sequenced and the genes coding for the decay apparatus were identified. Expression of the encoded carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes) was then analyzed by metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics in combination with biochemical assays. The results show that a diverse set of hydrolytic and redox CAZymes secreted by the morel mycelium is the main force driving the substrate decomposition. Plant polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose present in ENB substrate (wheat grains plus rice husks) were rapidly degraded, whereas triglycerides were accumulated initially and consumed later. ENB decomposition led to a rapid increase in the organic carbon content in the surface soil of the mushroom bed, which was thereafter consumed during morel fruiting. In contrast to the high carbon consumption, no significant acquisition of nitrogen was observed. Our findings contribute to an increasingly detailed portrait of molecular features triggering morel fruiting.
Chitin synthase is involved in vegetative growth, asexual reproduction and pathogenesis of Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora sojae
Authors: Cheng Wei , Lin Menglan , Qiu Min , Kong Liang , Xu Yuanpeng , Li Yaning , Wang Yan , Ye Wenwu , Dong Suomeng , He Shuilin , Wang Yuanchao
Published: July 2019

Chitin is a structural and functional component of the fungal cell wall and also serves as a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that triggers the innate immune responses of host plants. However, no or very little chitin is found in the fungus‐like oomycetes. In Phytophthora spp., the presence of chitin has not been demonstrated so far, although putative chitin synthase (CHS) genes, which encode the enzymes that synthesize chitin, are present in their genomes. Here, we revealed that chitin is present in the zoospores and released sporangia of Phytophthora, and this is most consistent with the transcriptional pattern of PcCHS in Phytophthora capsici and PsCHS1 in Phytophthora sojae. Disruption of the CHS genes indicated that PcCHS and PsCHS1, but not PsCHS2 (which exhibited very weak transcription), have similar functions involved in mycelial growth, sporangial production, zoospore release and the pathogenesis of P. capsici and P. sojae. We also suggest that chitin in the zoospores of P. capsici can act as a PAMP that is recognized by the chitin receptors AtLYK5 or AtCERK1 of Arabidopsis. These results provide new insights into the biological significance of chitin and CHSs in Phytophthora and help with the identification of potential targets for disease control.
Comparative genomics reveals complex natural product biosynthesis capacities and carbon metabolism across host‐associated and free‐living Aquimarina (Bacteroidetes, Flavobacteriaceae) species
Authors: Silva Sandra G. , Blom Jochen , Keller‐Costa Tina , Costa Rodrigo
Published: July 2019

This study determines the natural product biosynthesis and full coding potential within the bacterial genus Aquimarina. Using comprehensive phylogenomics and functional genomics, we reveal that phylogeny instead of isolation source [host‐associated (HA) vs. free‐living (FL) habitats] primarily shape the inferred metabolism of Aquimarina species. These can be coherently organized into three major functional clusters, each presenting distinct natural product biosynthesis profiles suggesting that evolutionary trajectories strongly underpin their secondary metabolite repertoire and presumed bioactivities. Aquimarina spp. are highly versatile bacteria equipped to colonize HA and FL microniches, eventually displaying opportunistic behaviour, owing to their shared ability to produce multiple glycoside hydrolases from diverse families. We furthermore uncover previously underestimated, and highly complex secondary metabolism for the genus by detecting 928 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) across all genomes, grouped in 439 BGC families, with polyketide synthases (PKSs), terpene synthases and non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) ranking as the most frequent BGCs encoding drug‐like candidates. We demonstrate that the recently described cuniculene (trans‐AT PKS) BGC is conserved among, and specific to, the here delineated A. megaterium‐macrocephali‐atlantica phylogenomic clade. Our findings provide a timely and in‐depth perspective of an under‐explored yet emerging keystone taxon in the cycling of organic matter and secondary metabolite production in marine ecosystems.
Implementation evaluation of academic detailing on naloxone prescribing trends at the United States Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Bounthavong Mark , Devine Emily Beth , Christopher Melissa L. D. , Harvey Michael A. , Veenstra David L. , Basu Anirban
Published: July 2019

Objective

Academic detailing in partnership with the Opioid Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution (OEND) program was implemented to increase naloxone access for the prevention of opioid overdose mortality in veterans at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). However, implementation was not uniform leading to varying levels of intervention exposure potentially impacting naloxone prescribing. We examined the impact of implementation strength (proportion of providers exposed to academic detailing) at each station on naloxone prescribing from September 2014 to December 2017.

Study Design and Setting

Retrospective cohort design with fixed effects models at the VA.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

We used VA Corporate Data Warehouse for data on pharmacy dispensing, station‐, provider‐ and patient‐level characteristics. OEND‐specific academic detailing activities came from data recorded by academic detailers using Salesforce.com.

Principal Findings

VA stations wherein 100 percent of providers exposed to an OEND‐related academic detailing educational outreach visit experienced an increased incident rate of naloxone prescribing that was 5.52 times the incident rate of stations where no providers were exposed; alternatively, this is equivalent to an average monthly increase of 2.60 naloxone prescriptions per 1000 population at risk for opioid overdose.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the importance of academic detailing's implementation strength on naloxone prescribing. Decision makers must carefully consider the implementation process to achieve the greatest effectiveness from the intervention.
Trade effects of geographical indication policy: The EU case
Authors: Raimondi Valentina , Falco Chiara , Curzi Daniele , Olper Alessandro
Published: July 2019

Using a new detailed dataset on country‐product information on European Union (EU) Geographical Indications (GIs), we study the impact of this food quality policy on trade margins over the 1996–2014 period. We consider the effect of GIs on both intra‐ and extra‐EU trade margins (extensive and intensive), as well as on export (and import) unit values. Our main results show that GIs affect trade flows differently depending on whether GIs are produced by the exporter or importer country. The presence of GIs in the exporter country systematically exerts a positive trade effect on both the extensive and intensive trade margin. When registered only in the importer country, GIs seem to act weakly as a trade‐reducing measure, at least at the intensive trade margin. In addition, GIs positively affect export prices, consistent with the idea that GI products are perceived by consumers as higher quality goods. Importantly, extra‐EU trade margins react similarly to those on intra‐EU trade. These results have clear and interesting implications concerning the EU strategy of promoting the protection of GIs worldwide.
Profitability and Efficiency of High Nature Value Marginal Farming in England
Authors: Vigani Mauro , Dwyer Janet
Published: July 2019

The UK Brexit vote triggered a new wave of policy developments for a future outside the EU. In this context, we analyse the business performance of English hill and upland farms, characterised by marginal economic conditions but also high nature value (HNV). The analysis aims to help identify farm‐level management and policy options for greater economic, environmental and social sustainability. Business performance is measured as technical efficiency and the occurrence and persistence of abnormal profits, estimated through stochastic frontier analysis and static and dynamic panel‐data methods. The results help indicate rationales for recent trends including farm enlargement, farm family diversification, and agri‐environment scheme entry. The single farm payment is found to be negatively associated with farm technical efficiency while agri‐environmental subsidies were positively associated to short‐term farm profitability. Farm adaptation and resilience during a period of likely turbulence in external circumstances is discussed in light of these findings, as well as potential parallels with marginal HNV areas across Europe.
Adverse Reactions to Wheat or Wheat Components
Authors: Brouns Fred , van Rooy Gonny , Shewry Peter , Rustgi Sachin , Jonkers Daisy
Published: July 2019

Wheat is an important staple food globally, providing a significant contribution to daily energy, fiber, and micronutrient intake. Observational evidence for health impacts of consuming more whole grains, among which wheat is a major contributor, points to significant risk reduction for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and colon cancer. However, specific wheat components may also elicit adverse physical reactions in susceptible individuals such as celiac disease (CD) and wheat allergy (WA). Recently, broad coverage in the popular and social media has suggested that wheat consumption leads to a wide range of adverse health effects. This has motivated many consumers to avoid or reduce their consumption of foods that contain wheat/gluten, despite the absence of diagnosed CD or WA, raising questions about underlying mechanisms and possible nocebo effects. However, recent studies did show that some individuals may suffer from adverse reactions in absence of CD and WA. This condition is called non‐celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) or non‐celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). In addition to gluten, wheat and derived products contain many other components which may trigger symptoms, including inhibitors of α‐amylase and trypsin (ATIs), lectins, and rapidly fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs). Furthermore, the way in which foods are being processed, such as the use of yeast or sourdough fermentation, fermentation time and baking conditions, may also affect the presence and bioactivity of these components. The present review systematically describes the characteristics of wheat‐related intolerances, including their etiology, prevalence, the components responsible, diagnosis, and strategies to reduce adverse reactions.
Inhibition Mechanism of Catechin, Resveratrol, Butylated Hydroxylanisole, and Tert‐Butylhydroquinone on Carboxymethyl 1,2‐Dipalmitoyl‐sn‐Glycero‐3‐Phosphatidylethanolamine Formation
Authors: Han Lipeng , Lin Qingna , Liu Guoqin , Han Dongxue , Niu Li , Su Dongxiao
Published: July 2019

It is important to inhibit the food‐derived, potentially hazardous chemical glycated lipids by natural products. A model system was established and the products are identified to study the inhibitory mechanism of four types of catechin, resveratrol (RES), and the synthetic antioxidants butylated hydroxylanisole (BHA) and tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) on the formation of carboxymethyl 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphatidylethanolamine (CM‐DPPE) by determining hydroxyl radical (OH·), Amadori‐1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphatidylethanolamine (Amadori‐DPPE) and glyoxal (GO). The results show that the inhibitory rates of catechin and RES on the content of CM‐DPPE in the model system are higher than those of BHA and TBHQ. There are at least two inhibitory mechanisms of antioxidants on CM‐DPPE. (1) Antioxidants scavenge OH·, which blocks the process of Amadori‐DPPE oxidation to form CM‐DPPE. (2) Antioxidants trap GO, which blocks the reaction between GO and DPPE to form CM‐DPPE. This research will reveal the inhibitory mechanisms of natural antioxidants on glycated lipids from the aspect of scavenging OH· and trapping GO.

Practical Application

Food manufacturers should pay attention on the production of glycated lipids in food processing. This study will provide the theoretical basis for the use of natural products to inhibit the formation of food‐derived glycated lipids. Natural products, such as catechin and resveratrol, can substitute chemical synthesis antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxylanisole and tert‐butylhydroquinone, in food processing, which inhibit the formation of glycated lipids.
Grade Identification of Tieguanyin Tea Using Fluorescence Hyperspectra and Different Statistical Algorithms
Authors: Li Yating , Sun Jun , Wu Xiaohong , Lu Bing , Wu Minmin , Dai Chunxia
Published: July 2019

In order to rapidly and nondestructively identify tea grades, fluorescence hyperspectral imaging (FHSI) technology was proposed in this paper. A total of 309 Tieguanyin tea samples with three different grades were collected and the fluorescence hyperspectral data was acquired by hyperspectrometer (400 to 1000 nm). The characteristic wavelengths were respectively selected by Bootstrapping Soft Shrinkage (BOSS), Variable Iterative Space Shrinkage Approach (VISSA) and Model Adaptive Space Shrinkage (MASS) algorithms. Then, Support Vector Machine (SVM) was applied to establishing the relationship between the characteristic peaks, the full spectra, three characteristic spectra and the labels of tea grades. The results showed that VISSA‐SVM model had the best classification performance, but the model precision can still be improved. Thus, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm was introduced to optimize the parameters of SVM model. The accuracy and Kappa coefficient of test set of VISSA‐ABC‐SVM model were improved to 97.436% and 0.962, respectively. Therefore, the combination of fluorescence hyperspectra with VISSA‐ABC‐SVM model can accurately identify the grade of Tieguanyin tea.

Practical Application

The rapid and accurate nondestructive tea grade identification method contributes to the construction of the tea online grade detection system. FHSI technology can solve the shortcomings of the reported methods and improved the identification accuracy of tea grades. It can be applied to the rapid detection of tea quality by tea companies, tea market, tea farmers and other demanders.
Development of a Microbial Decontamination System Combining Washing with Highly Activated Calcium Oxide Solution and Antimicrobial Coating for Improvement of Mandarin Storability
Authors: Choi Ha Young , Bang In Hee , Kang Joo Hyun , Min Sea C.
Published: July 2019

A new microbial decontamination system combining washing with a natural antimicrobial solution and coating with a carnauba wax (CW)‐based antimicrobial coating was developed and its effects on mandarin storability were investigated. Mandarins were washed with an antimicrobial solution and/or coated with grapefruit seed extract‐CW (GSE/CW). Values for the disease incidence of Penicillium digitatum in untreated mandarins; mandarins coated with GSE/CW without washing; and mandarins coated with GSE/CW after washing with a fumaric acid (FA) solution of slightly acidic electrolyzed water, a highly activated calcium oxide (CaO) aqueous solution, or CaO solution followed by FA solution were 96.0, 70.0, 78.8, 50.0, and 72.2%, respectively. GSE/CW coating after CaO washing was most effective in inhibiting P. digitatum growth during storage at 25 °C. Compared to untreated samples, GSE/CW coating alone or after CaO washing retained CO2 generation, firmness, and total polyphenol content of mandarins at 25 °C. Such treatments also effectively maintained mandarin pH, ascorbic acid concentration, and antioxidant capacity at both 4 and 25 °C. Moreover, GSE/CW coating after CaO washing more effectively inhibited P. digitatum growth at 25 °C and maintained ascorbic acid concentration and antioxidant capacity at 4 and 25 °C than GSE/CW coating alone. The microbial decontamination system integrating CaO washing and GSE/CW coating demonstrates potential for improving mandarin storability by inhibiting P. digitatum growth and improving the preservation of quality properties and sensory characteristics.

Practical Application

This is the first study to develop a microbial decontamination system involving both washing with a natural antimicrobial solution and carnauba wax coating containing grapefruit seed extract to improve the storability of fruits. This system demonstrated a primary effect of inhibiting fungi that cause mandarin surface decay at 25 °C via the highly activated calcium oxide wash and secondary effects of delaying quality degradation and inhibiting fungal growth by the action of the antimicrobial coating. These effects led to improvements in mandarin storability, along with enhanced visual appeal while not affecting taste, flavor, or texture.
Antioxidant Peptide Fractions Isolated from Wheat Germ Protein with Subcritical Water Extraction and Its Transport Across Caco‐2 Cells
Authors: Zhang Jixian , Wen Chaoting , Li Changzheng , Duan Yuqing , Zhang Haihui , Ma Haile
Published: July 2019

Wheat germ protein (WGP) was extracted with subcritical water and then hydrolyzed with Alcalase 2.4 L to obtain antioxidant hydrolysates. Wheat germ peptides (WG‐P, Mw < 1 kDa) were purified by using Sephadex G‐15 column chromatography. The results showed that WG‐P‐4 possessed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity in comparison with other peptides fractions. In addition, free amino acids and LC‐MS/MS analysis showed that Gly‐Pro‐Phe, Gly‐Pro‐Glu, and Phe‐Gly‐Glu were the major peptides of WG‐P‐4. Interestingly, the WG‐P‐4 fractions had good absorption characteristic. Moreover, the ratio of Papp both sides of apical compartment (AP) and basolateral compartment (BL) were between 0.5 and 1.0 on Caco‐2 cell model, which indicated that transmembrane transportation was mainly passive transport. Therefore, WG‐P could exert an effective antioxidant action by across the intestinal epithelium.
Miniaturized Potentiometric Titration for Improving Portability and Accuracy in the Determination of Total Acid in Squeezed Fruit Juice
Authors: Sonsa‐ard Thitaporn , Nacapricha Duangjai , Kaneta Takashi
Published: July 2019

To determine the total acidity in freshly squeezed fruit juice, we miniaturized the potentiometric titrations and achieved better accuracy compared with titrations from a conventional pH probe. The improvement was the result of a higher jump in pH at the endpoint due to a reduction in the dilutions of both the titrand and titrant. A conventional pH probe requires more than 50 mL of titrand, which can lead to a 25000‐fold dilution of the titrant when adding the titrant at 2 µL intervals. Conversely, when the volume of the titrand can be reduced to 1 mL, the dilution is only 500‐fold, which results in a higher jump in pH at the endpoint. The concentration of the titrant, NaOH, was optimized by titrating sample solutions containing 25 and 50 mM of citric acid. The addition of 5 M NaOH in intervals of 2 µL led to a more accurate endpoint for both 25 and 50 mM citric acid solutions. Miniaturization of the titration process is advantageous in terms of portability, accuracy, and in requiring less consumption of a sample, thereby simplifying the process of repeat measurements that are helpful in evaluating the precision of analytical results. Practical samples of squeezed fruit juices were titrated via three methods that showed no significant differences: classic titrimetry with an indicator, conventional potentiometry, and miniaturized potentiometry. This process would be effective for use in the field and in developing countries.

Practical Application

The total acidity of fruits and fruit juices is an important indicator of quality and is generally expressed in terms of the citric acid content. However, a standard potentiometric titration requires a large sample volume, which makes it difficult to assess dispersion of the acidity for individual fruits. The results of this study indicate that the use of miniaturized potentiometric titration could benefit food chemistry in many developing countries in addition to opening new fields of food chemistry such as on‐site quality control of citrus fruit and evaluation of variations in quality.
Opioid use and dropout from extended‐release naltrexone in a controlled trial: implications for mechanism
Authors: Nunes Edward V. , Bisaga Adam , Krupitsky Evgeny , Nangia Narinder , Silverman Bernard L. , Akerman Sarah C. , Sullivan Maria A.
Published: July 2019

Background and aims

Extended‐release formulations of naltrexone have emerged as effective treatment options for opioid use disorder. This post‐hoc analysis examined the temporal relationship between episodes of opioid use and subsequent dropout in a placebo‐controlled trial of extended‐release injection naltrexone (XR‐NTX) to draw inferences about the mechanism by which extended blockade of opioid receptors translates into clinical effectiveness.

Design

This was a 24‐week multiple‐site, double‐blind, randomized trial of monthly XR‐NTX versus placebo injections. We analyzed time to dropout from treatment using survival analysis with an extended Cox model as a function of treatment (XR‐NTX versus placebo) and with weekly urine drug test (UDT) results for opioids at each week as a time‐dependent covariate.

Setting

Thirteen addiction treatment programs in Russia, 2008–09.

Participants

A total of 250 adults with opioid use disorder who had completed in‐patient detoxification.

Intervention

XR‐NTX injection or placebo injection every 4 weeks with weekly clinic visits and biweekly counseling.

Measurements

Urine toxicology for opioids measured weekly and week of dropout from treatment.

Findings

The Cox model yielded a significant interaction of time‐dependent urine toxicology by treatment (P = 0.024). Among patients receiving placebo, a positive UDT in a given week increased the risk for dropout from treatment in the subsequent week [hazard ratio (HR) = 6.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.6–10.0], whereas among patients receiving XR‐NTX, a positive UDT result showed no significant effect on risk for dropout (HR = 1.67; 95% CI = 0.6–4.5). The proportion of patients who completed all 24 weeks without any positive UDT result was 31% on XR‐NTX compared with 20% on placebo (P = 0.051).

Conclusions

Extended‐release injection naltrexone was effective at reducing the risk of dropout from opioid use disorder treatment after an episode of opioid use. Just under a third of patients (31%) on XR‐NTX had no opioid‐positive urine tests across the trial, but the hypothesis that this would differ from placebo (20%) was not confirmed.
Editorial: older patients are significantly more likely to have colon ischaemia‐associated conditions that are chronic and complex
Authors: Clarke William T. , Feuerstein Joseph D.
Published: July 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Silverman et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15268 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15369.
Baseline neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio predicts response to corticosteroids and is associated with infection and renal dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Forrest Ewan H. , Storey Natasha , Sinha Rohit , Atkinson Stephen R. , Vergis Nikhil , Richardson Paul , Masson Steven , Ryder Stephen , Thursz Mark R. , Allison Michael , Fraser Andrew , Austin Andrew , McCune Anne , Dhanda Ashwin , Katarey Dev , Potts Jonathan , Verma Sumita , Parker Richard , Hayes Peter C. ,   the STOPAH NLR Group
Published: July 2019

Background

Treating severe alcoholic hepatitis involves the exposure of patients to corticosteroids for 7 days to assess “response”.

Aim

To assess the prognostic and therapeutic implications of baseline neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.

Methods

Patients recruited to the STOPAH trial and an independent validation group were analysed retrospectively. Area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) analysis was performed. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to assess survival. Log‐rank test and odds ratio (OR) were used for comparative analysis.

Results

Baseline NLR was available for 789 STOPAH patients. The AUC for NLR was modest for 90‐day outcome (0.660), but was associated with infection, acute kidney injury (AKI) and severity of alcoholic hepatitis. Ninety‐day survival was not affected by prednisolone treatment if NLR < 5 or > 8 but mortality was reduced with prednisolone treatment when the NLR was 5‐8 (21.0% cf. 34.5%; P = 0.012). Prednisolone treatment increased the chance of Lille response if the NLR was  ≥ 5 (56.5% cf. 41.1%: P = 0.01; OR 1.86) but increased the risk of day 7 infection (17.3% cf. 7.4%: P = 0.006; OR 2.60) and AKI (20.8% cf. 7.0%: P = 0.008; OR 3.46) if the NLR was > 8. Incorporation of NLR into a modified Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score (mGAHS) improved the AUC to 0.783 and 0.739 for 28‐day and 90‐day outcome, respectively.

Conclusion

The NLR is associated with AKI and infection in severe alcoholic hepatitis. The NLR identifies those most likely to benefit from corticosteroids at baseline (NLR 5‐8). The mGAHS has a good predictive value for 28‐ and 90‐day outcomes.
Letter: programmed cell death protein‐1‐targeted immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xu , Jia Rong‐Rong , Zhang Chun‐Yan
Published: July 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Scheiner et al and Scheiner and Pinter papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15245 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15368.
Editorial: not yet time for universal susceptibility‐guided first‐line Helicobacter pylori treatment—authors' reply
Authors: Lu Hong , Graham David Y.
Published: July 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Chen et al and Argueta and Moss papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15273 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15302.