bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
27.3: Computational Approaches to Aberration Compensation for Vision Correcting Displays
Authors: Huang Fu‐Chung , Barsky Brian A.
Published: July 2014

Given the measurements of the optical aberrations of a user's eye, a vision correcting display will present a transformed image that when viewed by this individual will appear in sharp focus. This could impact computer monitors, laptops, tablets, and mobile phones. Vision correction could be provided in some cases where spectacles are ineffective.
27.4L: Late‐News Paper: VESA Display Stream Compression: An Overview
Authors: Walls Frederick , MacInnis Alexander (Sandy)
Published: July 2014

The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA®) has standardized on a visually lossless, low‐complexity, hardware‐based compression algorithm for use over display links. This paper summarizes novel features of this new compression standard and provides some evaluation results.
28.1: OLEDs on Textile Substrates with Planarization and Encapsulation using Multilayers for Wearable Displays
Authors: Kim Woohyun , Kwon Seonil , Han Yun Cheol , Kim Eungtaek , Kim Hyun Cheol , Choi Kyung Cheol , Kang Shin Hyouk , Park Byung‐Cheul
Published: July 2014

We suggest organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated on textile substrates. 3.5 dyads of an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) – poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) multilayer were used for planarization and encapsulation. The fabricated device showed similar performances and cell images after 400 h in ambient air.
28.5L: Late‐News Paper: Wearable Display Expectations: Enabling Mobile Display Experiences of the Future
Authors: Gally Brian , Cummings William , Tavakoli Hamid , Burke Jesse
Published: July 2014

Wearable devices, fueled by sensor and context‐based technologies, are capturing the imaginations of device makers. While the benefits seem limitless, their demands impose constraints on system and display design. Qualcomm® Mirasol™ displays, as evidenced by the Qualcomm® TOQ™, appropriately address these constraints versus other leading technologies and their performance and capabilities are specifically discussed.
29.1: A New Achromatic Quarter‐Wave Film Using Liquid‐Crystal Materials for Anti‐Reflection of OLEDs
Authors: Takahashi Yuta , Furuki Yusuke , Yoshida Shinpei , Otani Taketo , Muto Masakane , Suga Yoichi , Ito Yoji
Published: July 2014

We successfully developed a new achromatic quarter wave film for anti‐reflection of OLEDs, consisting of multiple layers of liquid crystal materials. Applying an original optical design, a new liquid crystal compound, and multi‐layer coating technology, we realized OLEDs with very low reflection in all viewing angles. This new film can be produced in a rolled single‐sheet state, which enables the manufacture of a circular polarizer with high productivity by a conventional roll‐to‐roll process.
29.4: Polymer Stabilized Electrically Suppressed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal
Authors: Ma Ying , Srivastava Abhishek K. , Guo Qi , Chigrinov V. G. , Kwok H. S.
Published: July 2014

Stabilization of fine‐tuned FLC parameters has been realized by introducing the polymer network in pure FLC material to satisfy the constraints of the ESHFLC and therefore achieve high contrast (comparable to nematic liquid crystals), fast response time of <30 μs and low driving voltage.
30.1: Invited Paper: 65‐Inch Inkjet Printed Organic Light‐Emitting Display Panel with High Degree of Pixel Uniformity
Authors: Chen Peng‐Yu , Chen Chih‐Lei , Chen Chien‐Chuan , Tsai Lun , Ting Hung‐Che , Lin Li‐Fong , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Chen Chia‐Yu , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Shih Tsung‐Hsiang , Chen Yu‐Hung , Huang Jia‐Cing , Lai Mei‐Yi , Hsu Che‐Ming , Lin Yusin
Published: July 2014

We present the light‐on results of our 65‐inch organic ***light‐emitting diode (OLED) panel fabricated by the inkjet printing (IJP) process. The panel uses solution‐processable OLED material for the hole injection layer (HIL), the hole transporting layer (HTL) and the emitting layers (EML) for the red, green and blue colors. It is found that fine‐tuning the vacuum dry speed after the inkjet printing process can improve the uniformity of the pixels. The results show that we can successfully fabricate a 65‐inch OLED panel with a high degree of pixel uniformity.
30.2: Invited Paper: Advancements in Inkjet Printing for OLED Mass Production
Authors: Madigan Conor F. , Hauf Chris R. , Barkley Lucas D. , Harjee Nahid , Vronsky Eli , Van Slyke Steve A.
Published: July 2014

Continuous improvements in inkjet printing of organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays have resulted in a number of recent demonstrations of uniform, mura‐free TV‐sized panels. These improvements combined with steady progress in solution OLED material performance, have allowed inkjet to become a realistic near term enabler of cost‐effective mass production of large size OLED TVs. However, for inkjet to make the transition from R&D to mass production, a number of equipment challenges must be overcome, including achieving low particle contamination, maintaining the optimal process environment while preserving serviceability, and providing consistent, uniform, mura‐free results with a wide process window. In this paper, the methodology (with respect to algorithms and process control) used in Kateeva's YIELDjet platform are described that lead to the uniform deposition of ink across an OLED display using inkjet printing, resulting in a highly uniform OLED emission with a wide process window.
31.1: Speckle Reduction Due to using the Electro‐optical Cell with Helix‐free FLC
Authors: Andreev Alexander L. , Andreeva Tatiana B. , Kompanets Igor N.
Published: July 2014

Results of the speckle reduction due to using the electro‐optical cell with helix‐free Ferroelectric LC are presented in comparison with the earlier results, when helix FLC was used. The mechanism is based on the electrically controlled formation of small‐scale random‐distributed gradients of the refraction index in FLC layer.
32.4: Invited Paper: Solution Processed Single‐Grain Si TFTs on a Plastic Substrate
Authors: Ishihara Ryoichi , Zhang Jin , Zwan Michiel v. d. , Trifunovic Miki , Takagishi Hideyuki , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: July 2014

High‐mobility single‐grain Si TFTs have been successfully fabricated on a polyimide‐coated substrate with solution process of Si. After doctor‐blade coating of cyclopentasilane (CPS), a‐Si:H was obtained at a temperature below 350°C. With dehydrogenation and crystallization by excimer laser, grains with a maximum diameter of 3 μm were obtained at predetermined positions. Single‐grain Si TFTs showed mobilities of 460cm2/Vs and 121cm2/Vs for electrons and holes, respectively. The devices were transferred onto a PEN foil and operated under a bending diameter as small as 6 mm. The results suggest the proposed technology to be attractive for various innovative applications, not only for driver‐integrated flexible displays, but also for ultra‐high‐frequency RF‐ID tag, highly‐sensitive bio‐medical sensors and eventually for integrated smart‐systems on a plastic.
33.2: A New Process and Structure for Oxide Semiconductor LCDs
Authors: Yang Joon‐Young , Lee Sul , Cho Seong‐Joon , Jun Myung‐Chul , Kang In‐Byeong , Yeo Sang Deog , Park Jung‐Ho
Published: July 2014

A coplanar TFT structure has excellent characteristics in Δ Vp and channel length compared to conventional etch stopper TFT structure in AOS TFT LCD. In this paper, we introduce new 5 mask coplanar structure which reduces two mask steps compared to conventional 7 mask process. And we fabricated 4.5‐inch HD resolution panel in our R&D line with our new structure, and its transmittance is 12.5% improved by eliminating contact hole pattern.
34.4: Invited Paper: THz Devices based on High Birefringence Liquid Crystals
Authors: Lu Yan‐Qing , Hu Wei , Liang Xiao
Published: July 2014

High birefringence liquid crystals play a key role in tunable THz devices. A fluorinated phenyl‐tolane based nematic mixture was prepared with birefringence >0.3 at around 1THz Several THz phase shifters are further developed toward quarter‐wave and half‐wave plates. Both subwavelength wire‐grids and graphenes are employed as transparent electrodes, which show some unique advantages.
35.3: Invited Paper: The Soluble Hole Injection Materials and the Inks Applicable to OLED Devices
Authors: Monzen Kazuhiro , Koga Haruka , Moriyama Shoji , Endo Toshiyuki , Nakaie Naoki , Otani Naoki
Published: July 2014

We are developing the soluble hole injection materials and the ink, named ELsource® that can be used as hole injection layer in OLED devices. Optimization of solvent composition applicable to wet coating process and new hole injection material with higher transmittance are reported.
36.4: Design and Calibration of 100‐Mpixel Multi‐Projection 3D Display with an Enhanced Image Quality
Authors: Lee Jin‐Ho , Kim Yookyung , Park Juyong , Nam Dongkyung , Park Du‐Sik
Published: July 2014

To achieve an enhanced image quality in a 55‐inch, 100‐Mpixel multi‐projection 3D display for the medical and educational applications, the projector configuration design was improved, and the brightness uniformity compensation and real‐time calibration were performed. Maintaining the density of light‐field rays is important for an immersive natural 3D experiences, this 100‐Mpixel multi‐projection display was designed to have the same light‐field density as a 300‐Mpixel multi‐projection display, so we could acquire very smooth motion parallax without discontinuity in the viewing angle of 24°.
37.1: OLED Displays under Ambient Illumination, an Implementation of IEC 62341‐6‐2
Authors: Becker Michael E. , Neumeier Jürgen
Published: July 2014

This contribution introduces a first implementation of the measurement setup according to IEC 62341‐6‐2 for evaluation of the effect of ambient illumination on OLED display contrast and chromaticity. A sampling sphere is providing hemispherical diffuse illumination, with and without specular components, in the d/8‐geometry, and a point‐light source is providing directional illumination. From the spectral reflectance factors thus obtained contrast and chromaticity for arbitrary illuminants (i.e. spectra) and illuminance levels can easily be calculated.
37.2: Simplified Ambient Performance Assessment for Mobile Displays Using Easy Measurements
Authors: Cummings William , Fiske Thomas G.
Published: July 2014

We describe a simplified procedure to assess the ambient performance for common types of mobile displays. The unique properties which allow for this simplification will be explained. Results will be presented showing the importance of front‐of‐screen reflection for typical LCD and OLED screens currently used in smartphones and tablets.
37.3: Viewing Direction Measurements with Hemispherical Diffuse Illumination on E‐Paper Displays
Authors: Hertel Dirk , Kelley Edward F.
Published: July 2014

Viewing direction measurements on reflective e‐paper displays under hemispherical diffuse illumination are an essential part of characterizing reflectance under common usage conditions such as outdoor shade, or indirect indoor lighting. This paper proposes a hemispherical diffuse illumination geometry based on splitting a sampling sphere into two hemispheres to allow the light measuring device to be pointed at the display at different angles. First results on e‐paper agree well with conventional sampling sphere data, show the effects of top layer and surface reflection, and were used to predict the viewing direction distribution of ambient contrast ratio.
37.4: Improved Display Color Measurements with the WP214 Imaging Spectral Colorimeter
Authors: Greene Chad , Moggridge Tim
Published: July 2014

An innovative imaging colorimeter measurement system which corrects tristimulus images by referencing an integrated spot spectroradiometer is introduced. Improvements offered to the display test industry by the new measurement system over current colorimeter designs are verified by measurements with comparable instruments and the analysis of a modern mobile display.
38.1: A Low‐Power Fast Readout Circuit using a Dual‐Mode Sensing Algorithm for Medium‐Size Capacitive Touch Screen Panels
Authors: Kim Hyeon‐June , Jo Dong‐Shin , Yang Jun‐Hyeok , Ryu Seung‐Tak
Published: July 2014

A new readout circuit architecture for capacitive touch screen panels (TSPs) is introduced to enhance the reporting rate and to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) with low power consumption. The proposed Dual‐Mode Sensing (DMS) method finds the actual touch spots without feedback from the TSP to the MCU. In addition, the effect of noise coupled to the touch signal is reduced owing to the averaging effect of the proposed continuous‐time integration (CTI) technique. The circuit was designed for a 0.35 μm CMOS technology. The proposed sensing scheme shows a 257 Hz reporting rate under a simultaneous 10 touch condition on a 10.1 inch TSP, providing a 33 dB SNR with power consumption of 679 μW from a 3.3V supply.
40.1: Novel Two Mask AMOLED Display Architecture
Authors: Hack Mike , Weaver Michael S. , So Woo‐Young , Brown Julie J.
Published: July 2014

We present a novel AMOLED display architecture that enables the fabrication of AMOLED displays using only two low resolution masking steps, and consumes comparable power, and has improved lifetime, as compared to an equivalent RGB side‐by‐side AMOLED display using three high resolution patterning steps.
40.3: One FMM Solution for Achieving Active‐matrix OLED with 413ppi Real Pixel Density
Authors: Lee Meng‐Ting , Shen Shih‐Ming , Weng Zai‐Xien , Fu Jing‐Jie , Chen Chih‐Lei , Chuang Ching‐Sang , Lin Yusin
Published: July 2014

We demonstrated a pixel density of 413ppi for active‐matrix OLED (AMOLED) by using one‐FMM‐solution developed based on real stripe‐RGB pixel rendering. The panel achieved a high NTSC ratio of 101% and low reflectivity of ambient light less than 6% without utilization of circular polarizer as well as low power consumption of 190mW with high aperture ratio of 33% for each sup‐pixel and under 30% image loading.
41.3: Image Quality Factors for Designs of an Autostereoscopic Display
Authors: Cheng Yun‐Ting , Hsu Wan‐Hsuan , Huang Kuo‐Chung , Lin Hoang Yan
Published: July 2014

Image quality is a critical issue for displays; however little empirical evidence was found in establishing a direct relationship between display designs and 3D image quality evaluations, for autostereoscopic displays. This paper provides a design reference for autostereoscopic display metrology based on geometric and ray‐tracing approaches. The recommended design parameters for two‐view autostereoscopic displays are, barrier aperture ratio aB equal to 0.5∼0.6 and sub‐pixel aperture ratio aD equal to 0.3∼0.4.
41.4: New Strategy for Characterization of Multi‐view Auto‐stereoscopic Displays using Fourier Optics Viewing Angle Instrument
Authors: Boher Pierre , Leroux Thierry , Bignon Thibault , Collomb‐Patton Véronique
Published: July 2014

Optical characterization of multi‐view auto‐stereoscopic displays is performed using high angular resolution viewing angle measurements. In addition to the standard way computing crosstalk and qualified monocular and binocular viewing spaces, a new method based on the purity of the images for each eye is presented. A more precise picture of the stereoscopy quality of such displays is deduced and illustrated on different examples.
42.4: Sparkle Measurement Revisited: A Closer Look at the Details
Authors: Becker Michael E.
Published: July 2014

Three years after introduction of the first instrument for measurement of sparkle the foundations have been reconsidered and the pool of practical experience has been analyzed to provide a more detailed and complete picture of the subject matter. The following aspects are introduced and discussed: observation conditions and resulting requirements for the imaging optics, imaging of the display under test (2‐dimensional sampling), analysis of spatial periods and frequencies as basis for separation of periodic and statistic intensity modulations, sparkle evaluation based on analysis of single images and difference images, spatial filtering concepts, sparkle in the frequency domain, pseudo‐sparkle, scaling and bias in sparkle evaluation, verification of the method.
42.5: Cross Media Colour Reproduction of Real Lighting Environment Using CIECAM02
Authors: Xu LiHao , Luo Ming Ronnier , Liu XiaoYu
Published: July 2014

This paper aims to successfully reproduce a real lighting environment onto a display. The CIE recommended colour appearance model CIECAM02 was used as the core of the whole system. Two experiments were conducted: to verify the surround parameters in CIECAM02 and to establish the relationship between different illuminances between two viewing fields.
44.1: Distinguished Paper: 13.3‐in. 8K x 4K 664‐ppi OLED Display Using CAAC‐OS FETs
Authors: Kawashima Susumu , Inoue Seiko , Shiokawa Masataka , Suzuki Akio , Eguchi Shingo , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shunpei , Sato Takahiro , Shigenobu Takumi , Ohta Yoshifumi , Mitsui Seiichi , Ueda Naoki , Matsuo Takuya
Published: July 2014

We have built a prototype of a 13.3‐inch 8k4k OLED display. The pixel density is 664 ppi. This display contains about 500,000,000 transistors and scan drivers integrated. We use c‐axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor (CAAC‐OS) FETs in the backplane of this display.
44.2: 512PPI Mobile Displays with High Aperture Ratio, Slim Border, and High Color Gamut
Authors: Lee Ming‐Hsien , Wang Hsiao‐Wen , Chang Yi‐Wen , Wu Chia‐Hao , Ye Jia‐Hong , Su Kenny , Lu SSu‐Hui , Tsai Ai‐Ju , Pai Wen‐Te , Huang Adonis , Huang Shih‐Hsiung
Published: July 2014

We demonstrated a 512PPI mobile display with slim border (0.65mm) and high color gamut (95% NTSC). Contrast to conventional design, high aperture design (>60%), new scan drivers, and a new back‐light source were integrated to realize these features.
44.4L: Late‐News Paper: Large Area Display Backplane Using Embedded Single‐Crystal Silicon Particles
Authors: Dykaar Douglas R. , Esfandiarpour Behzad , Chen Feng , Guthrie Simon , Hill Graham , Vieth John , Sivoththaman Siva
Published: July 2014

We demonstrate a scalable process for manufacturing electronic backplanes suitable for large area OLED displays utilizing small isolated regions of Single‐Crystal Silicon (SCS) on arbitrary substrates. Planarized SCS particles form the active regions. Mobility (p‐type) of ∼400 cm2/V·s was measured.
47.1: Invited Paper: Color Tunable Phosphorescent White OLED Lighting Panel
Authors: Weaver Michael S. , Xu Xin , Pang Huiqing , Ma Ruiqing , Brown Julie J. , Lu Min‐Hao
Published: July 2014

The concept of tunable white lighting panels is gaining great interest in the lighting design and applications space. One approach to a tunable white lighting panel is to fabricate RGB monochrome stripes and control each of the stripes with separate current drivers. In this paper we will detail the design of our tunable white light sources and discuss approaches for the fabrication of such panels. We will also report most recent performance of a 15cm x 15cm color tunable (2,700K to 4,000K) RGB striped panel with the panel efficacy = 41 lm/W and CCT=2, 700K at 1,000 cd/m2 without outcoupling enhancement. With 1.5x outcoupling enhancement, the panel efficacy achieves 63 lm/W at 1,000 cd/m2. At 2,500 cd/m2, the panel efficacy is 32 lm/W with CCT=3,000K. With an outcoupling enhancement of 1.6x, the panel efficacy is 52 lm/W at 2,500 cd/m2.
48.1: Invited Paper: Design and Manufacture of a Slim Notebook Embedded Touch Panel
Authors: Cheng Andre , Huang Ta Jen , Lo Wen Kuo , Hsieh Hsin Yi , Kung Chia Chen , Liao Yung Jen , Lin Yueh Hsien , Lee Tak Hon , Chang Chien Wen , Chao I Fan
Published: July 2014

eTP(embedded touch panel) which provide the highly integration with notebook system design. It re‐design the touch panel dimension for industry standardization, the all new design make touch panel glass utilize rate become more effective in the glass cutting process. The eTP architecture integrate the touch panel control board on the LCD PCBA; it can be solve the system control board placement issue and simplification the assembly process. eTP development the touch panel with system cover coplanar design, it provide the slim touch notebook and fluent user touch gesture.
48.4: The Mirror Constant of Glass Substrates by 4PB Test
Authors: Lin Mao‐Hsing , Pan Wei‐Wu , Cheng Po‐Jen , Huang Kun‐Feng
Published: July 2014

Fractography is one of the methods to identify the condition that fracture occurred on brittle material, such as glass. There are several geometric characteristics on fracture surface, including mirror, mist, hackle, wallner lines, etc. to help to observe where the origin is and how much stress it suffered when broken. This study uses four‐point bending test to obtain the fracture stress on test specimens and performs fractographic analysis to find out the mirror constant on glass substrates in different manufacturing processes. This article makes the clues to track if the glass was broken, whereas provides the hints to improve the glass strength in further steps.
49.3: High‐Resolution Active‐Matrix Imager using Poly‐Si Thin‐Film Phototransistors in a Magnifying Viewer
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Okumura Masahito , Matsuda Tokiyoshi , Noguchi Shinichiro
Published: July 2014

We have confirmed working of a high‐resolutional active‐matrix flatpanel imager using poly‐Si thin‐film phototransistors for a magnifying viewer. The pixel resolution is 254 ppi, which is higher than the other ever‐developed ones. The flatpanel imager can correctly scan a font size of 1 mm, which is a sufficient reading ability.
49.4L: Late‐News Paper: Novel Pixel Structure for Quadrupling of Pixel Voltage
Authors: Shim Dahye , Kim KyuJin , Cho YoungSung , Choi JungMi , Yee SeungJoo , Kim TaeHun , Cho SeungWan , Lee JuYoung , Kang GyuTae , Jun MyungChul , Kang InByeong
Published: July 2014

A LCD is one of the high power consumption parts in portable devices. Improvement of the power consumption of the display device affects the increase in the duration of a battery in the portable device. One of the most methods to reduce the power consumption is the reduction of the pixel driving voltage.

In this paper, we have proposed a novel voltage boost circuit in pixel structures which operates pixels by lower voltage than ordinary pixels. The proposed pixel structure makes the Data voltage up to 400% using by new four capacitors in series. As a result, it reduces the Data and VDD Voltage in a quarter.

The CSt3 and Cst4 have been designed approximately three times bigger more than Clc and, we have confirmed that VDD of QoPV becomes 1/3 of VDD of Normal
51.4: Dielectric Force Induced Liquid Crystal Lenticular Microlenses
Authors: Xu Miao , Wang Xiahui , Ren Hongwen
Published: July 2014

We demonstrated a liquid crystal (LC) microlens array by assembling the phase separation morphology of liquid crystal (LC) and liquid monomer using a fringing field. The prepared lenticular microlenses can present a switchable focus with good optical characteristics. Our lenticular microlens array has promising applications in imaging processing and switchable 2D/3D displays.
52.4: Highly Efficient Single‐Unit White OLED Device with Emission from Both Singlet and Triplet Excitons
Authors: Ishisone Takahiro , Seo Satoshi , Nonaka Yusuke , Kawata Takuya , Ohsawa Nobuharu
Published: July 2014

We succeeded in developing a single‐unit hybrid organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) device with efficient light emission from both a phosphorescent layer and a fluorescent layer. The single‐unit hybrid OLED achieved power efficiency higher than that of a two‐unit hybrid tandem OLED with a phosphorescent and fluorescent layers.
53.2: Invited Paper: Advanced Technologies for Large‐sized OLED TV
Authors: Han Chang‐Wook , Park Jung‐Soo , Shin Young‐Hoon , Lim Moo‐Jong , Kim Bong‐Chul , Tak Yoon‐Heung , Ahn Byung‐Chul
Published: July 2014

Large‐sized OLED displays require advanced technologies to realize mass production. The competitiveness of OLED TV comes from the combination of oxide TFT and WRGB OLED technology. Those technologies including image quality of OLED TV, oxide TFT, WOLEDs, and solid phase encapsulation enable panel size scalability as well as mass production with lifetime reliability. We will introduce technological progress for commercializing large‐sized OLED TV.
53.3: Structural Advantage of WRGB OLED Displays for Edge Enhancement
Authors: Han Taeseong , Kang Dongwoo , Park Yongmin , Kim Sungjin , Yoo Jang Jin , Lim Moojong
Published: July 2014

WRGB OLED displays have more extra sub‐pixels to improve image quality than RGB OLED displays. This paper presents advantages of WRGB sub‐pixel structure in OLED displays by novel sharpening method which makes an image much sharper with less ringing artifacts. As a visual experimental result, the edges of images could be represented sharper and sharpening artifact was also reduced. In conclusion, the structure of WRGB sub‐pixel structure has advantages to enhance image quality.
54.1: Invited Paper: Structural Colors for Display and E‐paper Applications
Authors: Guo L. Jay
Published: July 2014

Light interacting with micro‐ and nano‐ structures can produce various optical phenomena. Such properties can be exploited to produce structural colors without using colorant pigments. Potential applications in energy‐saving displays and e‐papers can be envisioned by integrating with LCD or electrophoretic modulation schemes.
54.3: Human and Mechanical Writing Performance of eWriters
Authors: Braganza Clinton , Lightfoot Mark , Schlemmer Matthew , Onuska Nick , Montbach Erica , Khan Asad , Doane J. William
Published: July 2014

The performance of three new eWriters was evaluated using previously developed and improved accelerated writing tests. These test methods were evaluated against human subjects writing on eWriters and were found to be within the range of average human writing. The eWriters showed robust and durable behavior under normal writing conditions.
55.1: Distinguished Paper: Motion Artifacts on 240Hz OLED Stereoscopic 3D Displays
Authors: Johnson Paul , Kim Joohwan , Hoffman David M. , Vargas Andres , Banks Martin S.
Published: July 2014

We examined the visibility of motion artifacts—judder, motion blur, and edge banding—on a Samsung 240Hz stereoscopic 3D (S3D) OLED display. We determined the relative contributions of the frame rate of the content, update rate of the panel, duty cycle, and flash number. We compared the visibility of artifacts on the Samsung display with those on a 60Hz S3D LCD. Short duty cycles and low flash numbers reduce the visibility of motion artifacts.
55.4: Optimized Parallax Control of Arbitrary Viewpoint Images with Motion Parallax on Autostereoscopic Displays
Authors: Hasegawa Takefumi , Shigemura Koji
Published: July 2014

We propose an autostereoscopic display system which optimizes a parallax value of arbitrary viewpoint images to reduce the influence of 3D‐crosstalk space and to display motion parallax. The system monitors the observer's eye positions, and varies binocular parallax based on the viewing angle.
56.3: High‐Power Laser‐Excited‐Phosphor Suspension in Liquid for Digital Projection
Authors: Li Kenneth
Published: July 2014

Laser excited phosphor has been used to excite phosphor material, producing high intensity light output with smaller etendue than that of LEDs with the same long lifetime. But due to the high intensity of the laser light, phosphor with organic binder burns at low power, which requires the phosphor to be deposited on a rotating wheel in practical applications. Phosphor with inorganic binders, commonly known as ceramic phosphor, on the other hand, does not burn, but efficiency goes down as temperature goes up under high power excitation. This paper describes cooling schemes in sealed chambers such that the phosphor materials using organic or inorganic binders can be liquid cooled for high efficiency operations. Confined air bubbles are introduced into the sealed chamber accommodating the differential thermal expansion of the liquid and the chamber. For even higher power operation suitable for digital cinema, a suspension of phosphor in liquid is described suitable for screen brightness of over 30,000 lumens. The aging issues of phosphor can also be solved by using replaceable phosphor cartridges.
56.4: A Head‐Up Display Illuminator Design and Virtual‐Image Estimation Method
Authors: Niu Tzu‐Ling , Hsieh Yu‐Chan , Liao Super , Kuo Han‐Ping
Published: July 2014

We proposed a novel lighting system with optical lens of the car head‐up display (HUD) and the camera CCD estimation method of the projection virtual image. This novel optical lens lighting system shows up to 0.8 million nits BLU brightness with 3M DBEF4, 15° full viewing angle and better uniformity. Besides, we set up a new measurement method to estimate projection virtual image performance and the tolerance with human factor test is within 4%. Finally, we have demonstrated AUO HUD combined with the optical lens lighting system and displayed average 4.5 X projection image during 1418 mm distance from the driver. And the virtual image brightness within 50 * 130 mm2 eye‐box is average 8900 nits.
57.4L: Late‐News Paper: Intelligent Backlight: A Controllable Illumination System for High Efficiency and Sunlight Readable Mobile Displays
Authors: Robinson Michael G. , Woodgate Graham J. , Harrold Jonathan
Published: July 2014

A novel directional backlight system for transmissive LCD illumination is described for the first time. By controlling the angular light distribution from the display, very low power consumption can be achieved for a required display luminance, or the backlight can operate with a conventional luminance distribution. Additionally very high display luminance can be achieved at the same power consumption levels as conventional backlight designs. Such a display can achieve good readability in high illuminance conditions, for example in direct sunlight. The backlight optical stack comprises a stepped waveguide Directional Light Guide Plate (D‐LGP), a micro‐structured reflective film and a polarisation recirculation structure that cooperates with an LED array to direct viewing windows to an observer with high coupling efficiency. The system implementation is described and measured performance from demonstrator displays is presented.
58.2: 55‐inch OLED TV using Optimal Driving Method for Large‐Size Panel based on InGaZnO TFTs
Authors: Yoon Joong‐Sun , Hong Sung‐Jin , Kim Ji‐Hun , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Ryosuke Tani , Nam Woo‐Jin , Song Byung‐Chan , Kim Jin‐Mog , Kim Pan‐Youl , Park Kwan‐Ho , Oh Chang‐Ho , Ahn Byung‐Chul
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we provide the best way to drive large‐size OLED panel. This method compensates for variations in the on‐current and threshold voltage by extracting the TFT characteristics of each pixel of the panel. It also compensates the time‐dependent degradation characteristics of the TFT. From the extracted characteristics, corrected image‐data are generated that is composed gain and offset. By driving in the data which is corrected, it is possible to improve the uniformity of brightness and increase the life‐time of the panel. Consequently, 55‐inch OLED TV was manufactured and commercialized. For the commercialization of large‐size OLED TV, this driving method is very suitable and it will become an important.
59.1: Invited Paper: Electrophoretic Display Platform Comprising B, W, R Particles
Authors: Wang Ming , Lin Craig , Du Hui , Zang HongMei , McCreary Michael
Published: July 2014

The world's first mass production three‐particle electrophoretic display has been launched. E Ink SpectraTM displays utilize black, white and red engineered particles in a colorless solvent to achieve red plus black/white independent optical states without a color filter array. The three types of particles have different properties and are well controlled so they respond differently to various electric fields. The Spectra electrophoretic ink is filled and then sealed in a thin film Microcup® structure using a roll to roll process and the output imaging film can be easily cut to any shape and size and then laminated to TFT or segmented backplanes to form display modules.
59.2: The Contributions of Built‐in Light on the Readability in E‐paper Devices
Authors: Koizuka Tatsuya , Ishii Yuki , Kojima Takehito , Lege R. Paul , Miyao Masaru
Published: July 2014

In recent years, e‐readers have spread to many countries. Most of e‐readers have a reflective type of display called e‐paper. The general view is that under conditions of low illuminance, readability of the e‐paper display is poor. However, most recent e‐readers have a built‐in light system. This system would improve the readability of the e‐paper display under low illuminance conditions. We carried out experiments to evaluate the readability e‐paper devices using different systems. In the experiments, we conducted subjective evaluations under staged illuminance conditions by using English words. This study found that e‐paper devices with built‐in light under low illuminance condition were superior in terms of readability.
60.2: Efficient Light‐field Rendering using Depth Maps
Authors: Jeong Young Ju , Park Ju Young , Lee Jin‐Ho , Nam Dongkyung , Kuo C.‐C. Jay
Published: July 2014

To generate light‐field display images, a large amount of cameras or input images is required. This creates difficulties in designing both the acquiring system and memory storage. In this paper, we propose an efficient light‐field rendering algorithm using only a few input color and depth images. Using a depth map and estimated camera parameters, synthesized light‐field images were directly generated. With the use of this algorithm, the memory load is much lighter than with a conventional light‐field rendering algorithm. This algorithm is also much simpler than the image‐based rendering (IBR) algorithm because it does not involve the generation of many multiview images.
61.1: Invited Paper: How High‐Frame‐Rate Dual‐Projector 3D Made Its Movie Debut at the World Premiere of The Hobbit
Authors: Schmidt Terry
Published: July 2014

Peter Jackson's The Hobbit, was the first wide release motion picture to be shot and projected in High Frame Rate 3D worldwide. This paper describes the significant technical differences that affected production, distribution and the projection of this new and superior image quality format. The world premiere in New Zealand, and subsequent events in Tokyo and London all used Dual Projection systems for increased luminance and highest 3D image quality possible.
61.5L: Late‐News Paper: Latest Developments in 3D Projection Mapping Systems
Authors: Anthony Roy , Robinson James , Salvini Paul , Tsintzouras George , Vieth John
Published: July 2014

The current state of the art in projection mapping can produce impressive results, but the workflow processes is quite primitive and complex. The goal was to set out to create a new workflow that is entirely constructed in a 3D environment, to make the 3D projection mapping experience more powerful, flexible, and easier to execute.
62.4L: Late‐News Paper: Light Emitting Memory: A Modular LED Panel with 10K True Color Frame Rate for 3D Display Applications
Authors: Zhou Bo , Hu X. Sharon , Chen Danny Z.
Published: July 2014

Light Emitting Memory (LEM), a LED‐based panel, is presented to address several key challenges in 3D displays. Under $100, LEM achieves 10K true‐color frame rate, 64times32 resolution and 2.54mm pixel pitch. Compared with current state‐of‐the‐art implementations, LEM is effectively 10x faster, 16x smaller and 200x cheaper.
P‐1: Distinguished Poster: Fabrication of a Self‐Aligned ZrInZnO Thin‐Film Transistor Using Polypropylene Carbonate Solution
Authors: Tu Huynh Thi Cam , Inoue Satoshi , Nishioka Kiyoshi , Fujimoto Nobutaka , Karashima Shuichi , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: July 2014

To fabricate a self‐aligned oxide semiconductor thin‐film transistor (TFT) using a solution process, we developed a novel diffusion method to dope ZrInZnO source and drain regions. In this method, Sn was allowed to diffuse into ZrInZnO from a solution of Sn mixed with polypropylene carbonate. The sheet resistance of the Sn‐containing ZrInZnO was reduced dramatically from 1 MΩ/□ to 6.8 KΩ/□. The self‐aligned ZrInZnO TFT exhibited a mobility of 20 cm2•V−1•s−1, a threshold voltage of 1 V, a subthreshold swing of 0.2 V/decade, and an on‐to‐off current ratio of 7.
P‐6: Static Reliability of Bridged‐Grain Poly‐Si TFTs
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhou Wei , Chen Rongsheng , Zhao Shuyun , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: July 2014

The characteristics of bridged‐grain (BG) poly‐Si thin film transistors (TFTs) with different BG periods and the static reliability of BG poly‐Si TFTs was examined and discussed. The characterizations show that the length of the sub‐channels mainly affects the on‐state current and the sub‐threshold characteristics. BG TFTs exhibit better hot carrier reliability, better self‐heating reliability, better negative bias temperature instability and good immunity against water.
P‐8: High Resolution a‐IGZO TFT LCD Panel Fabricated with Lower Annealing Temperature
Authors: Chiang Shin‐Chuan , Chen Yu‐Hsien , LU Ya‐Ju , WU Der‐Chun , Chen Po‐Lung , Tseng Kuo‐Hsing , Lu Wen‐Cheng , Lin Yi‐Hsien , Chen Ying‐Hui , Lid En‐Chih , Wang Chi‐Young , Chang Hsi‐Ming , Kang Li‐Hsin , Huang Yen‐Yu
Published: July 2014

In this paper, a‐IGZO TFT fabricated with sputtered process and annealed with low temperature is investigated. For all the prcoess, the maximum process temperature is as low as 300°C In addition, a 3.8 inch WVGA AM‐LCD driven by a‐IGZO TFTs is successfully demonstrated.
P‐10: Oxide TFT Fabrication by Nano‐Rheology Printing for Display Application
Authors: Koyama Hiroaki , Fukada Kazuhiro , Murakami Yoshitaka , Tue Phan Trong , Tanaka Shogo , Inoue Satoshi , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: July 2014

A nano‐rheology printing method was used to fabricate oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs). This method utilizes the rheological properties of oxide precursor gels that are imprinted at an elevated temperature. TFTs designed for an active matrix array were successfully developed with high alignment accuracy, and the operation of its transistors was confirmed.
P‐18: A Low‐Power Scan Driver Using Depletion‐Mode a‐IGZO TFTs for High‐Resolution Displays
Authors: Ahn Seong‐Jin , Hong Seong‐Kwan , Kwon Oh‐Kyong
Published: July 2014

In this paper, a low‐power scan driver using depletion‐mode amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is proposed for high‐resolution displays. The proposed scan driver uses single clock signal to reduce the power consumption. This scan driver is simulated at the operating frequency of 153.6 kHz, which is the driving condition of 10.0‐inch wide quadruple extended graphics array (WQXGA, 1600 × 2560) display with the frame frequency of 60 Hz. The power consumption of ten stages of the proposed circuit is 0.39 mW. The proposed scan driver reduces the power consumption by 69% compared to the conventional scan driver.
P‐185L: Late‐News Poster: Polarization‐dependent Cylindrical Fresnel Lens Using the Reactive Mesogen Aligned by Nano‐groove Structure for 2D/3D Switchable Display
Authors: Lee Choelho , Kim Mugeon , Park Min‐Kyu , Park Ji‐Sub , Yoo Seong‐Hyeon , Kim Hak‐Rin
Published: July 2014

We present a well‐aligned reactive mesogen (RM) layer for polarization‐dependent Fresnel lens array using the nano‐groove structure made by the nano‐imprinting process. In our method, the RM layer is aligned on the reverse‐shaped Fresnel lens template by both the bottom liquid crystal (LC) alignment layer and the top nano‐groove layer. Due to the additional geometric alignment effect by the nano‐groove pattern, the photo‐cured RM layer can be well aligned irrespective of the complex surface structure. The nano‐groove structure on the photo‐cured RM layer can be used also for the LC alignment layer, which enables our combined structure of the polarization‐dependent RM lens layer and the polarization‐switching twist nematic (TN) LC layer.
P‐32: Mura Grade Evaluation Based on S‐CIELAB Color System
Authors: Asano Toshio , Kondo Takahiro , Maeda Shunji
Published: July 2014

A unified method that evaluates uniformity grade for both luminance and color components has been developed. The S‐CIELAB color system is introduced to realize the visual perceptual characteristics. The experimental results showed strong relations between human sensory evaluation scores and the proposed mura index E values.
P‐174L: Late‐News Poster: Analysis of Fundamental Characteristics of Movement of Gaze and Hand when Holding E‐book in the Hand
Authors: Kikuchi Kei , Takahira Hideaki , Ishikawa Ryouichi , Wakamatsu Eki , Yamada Mitsuho
Published: July 2014

We developed a device to measure gaze and hand movement in a natural setting, such as while reading a book on a train or bus, and examined the cooperation among different types of movement while subjects were reading a book held in the hand.
P‐43: A Novel TFT Pixel Design for Active Matrix FLC with Grayscale Generation
Authors: Ho T. K. , Srivastava A. K. , Zhou W. , Chen R. S. , Lee C. Y. , Tseng M. C. , Chigrinov V. G. , Kwok H. S.
Published: July 2014

Most active‐matrix FLC (AMFLC) devices were mainly realized in the form of LCOS display rather than in the TFT platform. This is because FLC devices normally require higher power and current to drive due to the larger pixel capacitance inhering from the small cell gap. Difficulty in generating grayscale also poses great challenge in commercializing AMFLC. We proposed a new TFT pixel design incorporating ESH FLC mode and BGTFT that successfully demonstrated AMFLC display with grayscale while preserving FLC's fast switching property.
P‐47: New Signal Processing Method to Improve Image Quality of RGBW Display
Authors: Kabe Masaaki , Nagatsuma Toshiyuki , Higashi Amane , Nakahara Tae , Ikeda Kojiro , Goto Fumitaka , Sakaigawa Akira
Published: July 2014

In this paper, the analysis and cause of image quality deterioration of an RGBW display is described. We have found that some distortions are caused by the combination of luminance distribution in a pixel scale and the human visual system. A newly‐developed RGBW calculation is proposed to solve this problem.
P‐52: A New Dynamic Headroom Controller using Storage Delay Time of BJT for Low Power Consumption of LED Backlight
Authors: Huh Jin , Jung Sang‐Duk , Cho Gyu‐Heong
Published: July 2014

A new dynamic headroom control circuit for PWM LED drivers was proposed. Unlike conventional headroom control circuits, the proposed circuit uses storage delay time of BJTs. During off periods of the PWM driver, the proposed circuit senses the storage delay time from the base of BJT and minimizes the error between the sensed time and a reference delay time by adjusting the converter output voltage consecutively. A reverse recovery time of KTC4380 that determined by storage delay time and rising time was measured for different values of the VCE. Based on the measurement results, a reference pulse width was determined. By applying the reference determined, the proposed circuit was simulated by LTspice for verification and the simulation results showed that the proposed circuit well controlled the headroom voltage of the current source. Hence, the low power consumption could be achieved.
P‐53: Real‐Time Super Resolution for 4K2K TVs using Edge Directed Unsharp Masking Sharpening Method
Authors: Lin Fang‐Cheng , Peng Kuo‐Shiuan , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: July 2014

We proposed an efficient edge directed unsharp masking sharpening (EDUMS) method to achieve real‐time super resolution for a 4K2K TV application. Based on conventional unsharp masking sharpening, EDUMS used simple and robust edge information to reproduce clear edge structure and vivid details of high resolution images with minimum ringing and jaggy artifacts.
P‐54: Image Segmentation Using Densely Constructed Mean‐Shift Vectors
Authors: Cho Hanjoo , Cho Sung In , Kim Young Hwan
Published: July 2014

This paper presents an image up‐scaling based approach to improving the quality of image segmentation that uses linked mean‐shift vectors [6]. While already effective, the segmentation quality of [6] can be further improved by strengthening the approximation process it uses. Making up for the weakness, the proposed algorithm remarkably outperformed existing competitor algorithms in segmentation quality by Probabilistic Rand Index [8] and Segmentation Covering [9] for Berkeley Segmentation Dataset [7].
P‐55: Adaptive Noise Reduction Method using Variable Window Size Based on Region Analysis
Authors: Lim Jae Hwan , Cho Sung In , Kim Young Hwan
Published: July 2014

This paper proposes a novel denoising method which uses a variable window size for noise filter depending on the results of local region analysis. The proposed method classifies local regions of a given noisy image as detail or smooth regions using a new parameter which is calculated by the ratio of estimated noise variance to local variance. The new parameter, a detail descriptor, represents the amount of image details in a local region. Then, the proposed method adaptively applies a noise reduction filter to remove image noise while preserving image details by regulating the filtering window size depending on the detail descriptor.
P‐56: A Single‐Inductor Bipolar‐Output DC/DC Converter with High Efficiency Over Wide Load Range for Active Matrix OLED
Authors: Lin Kuei‐Liang , Ng Shao Siang , Huang Tzu‐Chi , Chen Ke‐Horng , Liu Sheng‐Fa , Chiu Pao‐Hsien , Chen Sandy , Shen Chun‐Yu , Hsieh Ming‐Ta , Li Huai‐An
Published: July 2014

This paper proposes a single‐inductor bipolar‐output (SIBO) switching converter with high efficiency over a wide load range for active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display. The SIBO converter provides a pair of positive and negative output voltages with only one external inductor. The proposed burst mode function can enhance the light load efficiency with low output ripples, 25mV and 10mV for positive and negative voltages, respectively. With the smooth start‐up function, the inductor current can rise smoothly and have low peak value, reducing the current stress on inductor and power MOSFETs. The efficiency can be maintained higher than 80% with the load current from 20mA to 140mA. At light loads, the efficiency is higher than 60% when the load current is above 5mA. The maximum efficiency is 88% when the input voltage is 3.7V and the load current is 60mA.
P‐176L: Late‐News Poster: A 3.7Gb/s Clock‐embedded Intra‐Panel Interface for the Large‐sized UHD 120Hz LCD TV Application
Authors: Jeon Hyun‐Kyu , Kim Byung‐Guk , Cho Hyun‐Ho , Choi Jung‐Hwan , Ko Seung‐Oh , Oh Suk‐Jae , Kim Sang‐Woo , Seo Jeong‐Il , Jeong Yong‐Ik , Na Jun‐Ho , Kang Pil‐Sung , Son Min‐Sik , Park Se‐Ryong , Kim Jae‐Hak , Park Jun‐Yeong , Park Jun , Hong Jin‐Cheol , Baek Jong‐Sang
Published: July 2014

An Intra‐panel interface that supports 3.7Gb/s data transmission on the ultra‐high definition (UHD) TV application is proposed. The interface channel of display module for UHD TV consists of long PCB traces and flexible flat cable (FFC), which severely degrade the signal quality of transmitted signal. To support over 3Gb/s data rate in the interface channel of UHD display, the receiver in the column driver is equipped with a continuous‐time linear equalizer (CTLE) with adjustable equalization step and data sampler with improved setup and hold time. The transmitter for the proposed interface is implemented using a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The column driver with the proposed receiver is fabricated with a 0.18um high‐voltage CMOS process. The proposed interface is verified with 84‐inch UHD (3840RGBx2160) resolution TFT‐LCD module with 10‐bit color depth and 120Hz refresh rate for large‐sized TV application. The proposed receiver in the column driver achieves 3.7Gb/s data rate in wafer test and 3.1Gbps data rate that is the maximum data rate in the pattern generator at the LCD module with 80‐cm FFC.