bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damage in a Gas Turbine Hot Gas Casing
Authors: da Silveira T.L. , Le May I.
Published: May 2019

The hot gas casing of a gas turbine used for peak load power production had developed extensive cracking during operation. The operating time was 18,000 h, and it had been subjected to 1,600 operating cycles. The gas temperature on the hot side was 985 deg C, on the cold side 204 deg C, the material being AISI 321 stainless steel. The purpose of the present study was to determine optimum repair welding procedures on the premise that the material was basically sound and undamaged by creep. The cracking was the result of thermal fatigue, and such cracks can propagate at elevated temperature, with damage ahead of the crack tip occurring by means of very local processes of creep. Metallographic examination disclosed heavy surface layers of carbides, such that the material was extremely brittle when subjected to bending. Accordingly, although it was demonstrated that the casing could be welded successfully, it was suggested that the remaining useful life was effectively exhausted and that it should be replaced. Thermal stresses produced during operation would rapidly result in additional cracks.
Low Cycle Thermal Fatigue and Fracture of Reinforced Piping
Authors: O'Donnell W.J. , Watson J.M. , Mallin W.B. , Kenrick J.R.
Published: May 2019

A large diameter steel pipe reinforced by stiffening rings with saddle supports was subjected to thermal cycling as the system was started up, operated, and shut down. The pipe functioned as an emission control exhaust duct from a furnace and was designed originally using lengths of rolled and welded COR-TEN steel plate butt welded together on site. The pipe sustained local buckling and cracking, then fractured during the first five months of operation. Failure was due to low cycle fatigue and fast fracture caused by differential thermal expansion stresses. Thermal lag between the stiffening rings welded to the outside of the pipe and the pipe wall itself resulted in large radial and axial thermal stresses at the welds. Redundant tied down saddle supports in each segment of pipe between expansion joints restrained pipe arching due to circumferential temperature variations, producing large axial thermal bending stresses. Thermal cycling of the system initiated fatigue cracks at the stiffener rings. When the critical crack size was reached, fast fracture occurred. The system was redesigned by eliminating the redundant restraints and by modifying the stiffener rings to permit free radial thermal breathing of the pipe.
Broken Rim of a Rolling Mill Transmission
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand
Published: May 2019

The rim of a gear wheel of 420 mm width and 3100 mm in diam broke after four years of operation time in a sheet bar three-high rolling mill. The rim was forged from steel with about 0.4C, 0.8Si and 1.1Mn. The rim started to break in the tooth bottom from a fatigue fracture which extended from the gear side to more than half the rim width. A second incipient failure commenced from the opposite tooth bottom. Both fractures joined below the tooth of the rim. Both incipient cracks were fatigue fractures with several starting points, all located in the transition between tooth flank and tooth bottom. The remaining failure was a fine-grained ductile fracture. It was found that the teeth were not supported uniformly over the entire width and were thus overloaded on one side. The transition from the tooth flanks to the tooth bottom was sharp-edged, causing a tension peak there. The tooth bottom was machined only roughly. Also, the yield point was a little bit too low.
Oxidized Recuperator Pipes
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand
Published: May 2019

High-chromium steel pipes 42.25 x 3.25 mm from a blast furnace gas fired recuperator for the preheating of air were heavily oxidized and perforated in places. It was found that the blast furnace gas had a high sulfur content. Both the carburization and the formation of sulfide proved that in addition, from time to time at least, combustion was incomplete and the operation was carried out in a reducing atmosphere, with the result that oxygen deficiency prevented the formation or maintenance of a protective surface layer on the external surface of the pipes. The sulfur would probably not have damaged the nickel-free steel used here at the given temperatures if it had been present as sulfur dioxide in an oxidizing atmosphere. The damage was therefore caused primarily by an incorrectly conducted combustion process.
Scaling of Resistance Heating Elements in a Through-Type Annealing Furnace
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand
Published: May 2019

Heating elements, consisting of strips, 40 mm x 2 mm, of the widely used 80Ni-20Cr resistance heating alloy, and designed to withstand a temperature of 1175 deg C, were rendered unusable by scaling after a few months service in a through-type annealing furnace, Although the temperature supposedly did not exceed 1050 deg C. Structural observations indicated a special case of internal oxidation. The required conditions for this were apparently provided by the moist hydrogen atmosphere of the annealing furnace, in which the chromium was oxidized, while the oxides of iron and nickel were reduced. Even the carbon suffered incomplete combustion and was enriched in the core. Thus, no protective layer could form or be maintained. The intergranular advancement of the oxidation may have been favored by the precipitation of chromium-rich carbides on the austenite grain boundaries. This form of internal oxidation is, in the case of Ni-Cr alloys, known as green rot. Alloys containing iron should be more resistant. As a preventive measure it was recommended to reduce the operating temperature of the strip sufficiently to allow the use of Fe-Ni-Cr alloys.
Broken Back up Rolls from a Broad Strip Mill
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand
Published: May 2019

Several back up rolls of 1400 mm barrel diam from a broad strip mill broke after a relatively short operating time as a result of bending stresses when the rolls were dismantled. The fracture occurred in the conical region of the neck at about 600 mm diam. The rolls were shaped steel castings with 0.8 to 1.0% C, 1% Mn, 1% Cr, 0.5% Mo and 0.4% Ni and were heat treated to a tensile strength of 950 N/sq mm. Because the bending stress on mounting was only 42 N/sq mm in the fracture cross section, it was evident at the outset that material defects had promoted the fracture. In the case of this roll and the other broken rolls, the cracking and fracture were promoted by various casting defects. Investigation of the rolls showed that both the breaking off of the neck and the disintegration of the barrel edges was caused by material defects, more exactly casting defects. The fractures on the other rolls examined were so badly rusted or contaminated that they were incapable of yielding any information.
Failure of a Steel Pot Used for Melting Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Kashar Lawrence J.
Published: May 2019

A steel pot used as crucible in a magnesium alloy foundry developed a leak that resulted in a fire and caused extensive damage. Hypotheses as to the cause of the leak included a defect in the pot, overuse, overheating, and poor foundry practices. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and x-ray microanalysis in conjunction with dimensional analysis, phase diagrams and thermodynamics considerations were employed to evaluate the various hypotheses. All evidence pointed to an oxide mass in the area where the hole developed, likely introduced during the steelmaking process.
Microstructural Features of Prematurely Failed Hot-Strip Mill Work Rolls: Some Studies in Spalling Propensity
Authors: Ray Amitava , Prasad M.S. , Dhua S.K. , Sen S.K. , Jha S.
Published: May 2019

Work rolls made of indefinite chill double-poured (ICDP) iron are commonly used in the finishing trains of hot-strip mills (HSMs). In actual service, spalling, apart from other surface degeneration modes, constitutes a major mechanism of premature roll failures. Although spalling can be a culmination of roll material quality and/or mill abuse, the microstructure of a broken roll can often unveil intrinsic inadequacies in roll material quality that possibly accentuate failure. This is particularly relevant in circumstances when rolls, despite operation under similar mill environment, exhibit variations in roll life. The paper provides an insight into the microstructural characteristics of spalled ICED HSM work rolls, which underwent failure under similar mill operating environment in an integrated steel plant under the Steel Authority of India Limited. Microstructural features influencing ICDP roll quality, viz. characteristics of graphite, carbides, martensite, etc., have been extensively studied through optical microscopy, quantitative image analysis (QIA), and electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA). These are discussed in the context of spalling propensity and roll life.
Influence of Microstructure on the Premature Failure of a Second-Intermediate Sendzimir Mill Drive Roll
Authors: Ray A. , Mukherjee D. , Sarkar B. , Mishra S.
Published: May 2019

Although a precise understanding of roll failure genesis is complex, the microstructure of a broken roll can often unravel intrinsic deficiencies in material quality responsible for its failure. This is especially relevant in circumstances when, even under a similar mill-operating environment, the failure involves a particular roll or a specific batch of rolls. This paper provides a microstructural insight into the cause of premature breakage of a second-intermediate Sendzimir mill drive roll used at a stainless steel sheet rolling plant under the Steel Authority of India Limited. Microstructural issues influencing roll quality, such as characteristics of carbides, tempered martensite, retained austenite, etc., have been extensively studied through optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron-probe microanalysis, image analysis, and x-ray diffractometry. These are discussed to elucidate specific microstructural inadequacies that accentuated the failure. The study reveals that even through retained austenite content is low (6.29 vol%) and martensite is non-acicular, the roll breakage is a consequence of intergranular cracking caused by improper carbide morphology and distribution.
Metallurgical Evaluation of a Five Inch Cylindrical Induction Melter
Authors: Imrich K.J.
Published: May 2019

The metallurgical condition of a cylindrical induction melter (CIM) vessel was evaluated after approximately 375 h of operation over a two-year span at temperatures between 1400 to 1500 deg C. Wall thinning and significant grain growth was observed in the lower portion of the conical section and the drain tube. No through-wall penetrations were found in the cylindrical and conical sections of the CIM vessel and only one leak site was identified in the drain tube. Failure of the drain tube was associated with localized overheating and creep. The observed degradation resulted from cumulative service at elevated temperature. A recommendation was made to implement a support for the conical section of the CIM and to increase the wall thickness of the drain tube. Thus, the possibility of drain tube misalignment in the induction coils and localized over heating will be minimized. In addition, the use of grain stabilized Pt/Rh alloy should be evaluated as a method to prevent grain growth.
Authentication of RSA via BAN logic
Authors: Albermany Salah A. K. , . Alsalhi Israa N.A
Published: May 2019

Web exchanges are conducted through an open network that lacks central management; it is, therefore, impossible to identify a communication partner, especially in a distributed system. Authentication is the basis of security in such systems. Providing secure communication becomes problematic in CRN because cognitive node can join and leave network dynamically that leading to be many threats targeting this kind of network. In this paper, we are using analysis authentication protocol of RSA algorithm by BAN logic also It using C# programing . By analyzing via BAN logic, we will see if this protocol is confidential, and can it be used in cognitive radio networks
Some Interesting Properties of a Novel Subclass of Multivalent Function with Positive Coefficients
Authors: Atshan Waggas Galib , AL-khafaji Aqeel
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we introduce a new class of multivalent functions defined by where is a subclass of analytic and multivalent functions in the open unit disc { | | }. Moreover, we consider and prove theorems explain Some of the geometric properties for such new class was such as, coefficient estimates, growth and distortion, extreme points, radii of starlikeness, convexity and close-to-convexity as well as the convolution properties for the class
Modification Advanced Encryption Standard for Design Lightweight Algorithms
Authors: Soukaena Hassan  , Abd Zaid Mustafa
Published: May 2019

The acknowledgment of IoT requires a colossal measure of sensor hubs which have limited battery power, memory, computational latency and communication bandwidth to obtain contributions from the associated objects. In the current developments of the resource constraint environments, the trend is shifted towards lightweight cryptographic algorithm. Many lightweight cryptographic algorithms have been developed and also existing algorithms are modified in terms of resource constraint environment.
Anterior third ventricular height and infundibulochiasmatic angle: two novel measurements to predict clinical success of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the early postoperative period
Authors: Gürbüz Mehmet Sabri , Dağçınar Adnan , Bayri Yaşar , Şeker Aşkın , Güçlü Hasan
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

The authors sought to develop a set of parameters that reliably predict the clinical success of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) when assessed before and after the operation, and to establish a plan for MRI follow-up after this procedure.

METHODS

This retrospective study involved 77 patients who had undergone 78 ETV procedures for obstructive hydrocephalus between 2010 and 2015. Constructive interference in steady-state (CISS) MRI evaluations before and after ETV were reviewed, and 4 parameters were measured. Two well-known standard parameters, fronto-occipital horn ratio (FOHR) and third ventricular index (TVI), and 2 newly defined parameters, infundibulochiasmatic (IC) angle and anterior third ventricular height (TVH), were measured in this study. Associations between preoperative measurements of and postoperative changes in the 4 variables and the clinical success of ETV were analyzed.

RESULTS

Of the 78 ETV procedures, 70 (89.7%) were successful and 8 (10.3%) failed. On the preoperative MR images, the mean IC angle and anterior TVH were significantly larger in the successful procedures. On the 24-hour postoperative MR images of the successful procedures, the mean IC angle declined significantly from 114.2° to 94.6° (p < 0.05) and the mean anterior TVH declined significantly from 15 to 11.2 mm (p < 0.05). The mean percentage reduction of the IC angle was 17.1%, and that of the anterior TVH was 25.5% (both p < 0.05). On the 1-month MR images of the successful procedures, the mean IC angle declined significantly from 94.6° to 84.2° (p < 0.05) and the mean anterior TVH declined significantly from 11.2 to 9.3 mm (p < 0.05). The mean percentage reductions in IC angle (11%) and anterior TVH (16.9%) remained significant at this time point but were smaller than those observed at 24 hours. The 6-month and 1-year postoperative MR images of the successful group showed no significant changes in mean IC angle or mean anterior TVH. Regarding the unsuccessful procedures, there were no significant changes observed in IC angle or anterior TVH at any of the time points studied. Reduction of IC angle and reduction of anterior TVH on 24-hour postoperative MR images were significantly associated with successful ETV. However, no clinically significant association was found between FOHR, TVI, and ETV success.

CONCLUSIONS

Assessing the IC angle and anterior TVH on preoperative and 24-hour postoperative MR images is useful for predicting the clinical success of ETV. These 2 measurements could also be valuable as radiological follow-up parameters.
Microsurgical resection of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine via the transthoracic approach without spinal fusion: case series and technical note
Authors: Kanematsu Ryo , Hanakita Junya , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Tomita Yosuke , Minami Manabu
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE

Surgical management of thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) remains challenging because of the anatomical complexity of the thoracic spine and the fragility of the thoracic spinal cord. Several surgical approaches have been described, but it remains unclear which of these is the most effective. The present study describes the microsurgical removal of OPLL in the middle thoracic level via the transthoracic anterolateral approach without spinal fusion, including the surgical outcome and operative tips.

METHODS

Between 2002 and 2017, a total of 8 patients with thoracic myelopathy due to OPLL were surgically treated via the transthoracic anterolateral approach without spinal fusion. The surgical techniques are described in detail. Clinical outcome, surgical complications, and the pre- and postoperative thoracic kyphotic angle were assessed.

RESULTS

The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 55 years (range 47–77 years). There were 5 women and 3 men. The surgically treated levels were within T3–9. The clinical symptoms and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score improved postoperatively in 7 cases, but did not change in 1 case. The mean JOA score increased from 6.4 preoperatively to 7.5 postoperatively (recovery rate 26%). Intraoperative CSF leakage occurred in 4 cases, and was successfully treated with fibrin glue sealing and spinal drainage. The mean follow-up period was 82.6 months (range 15.3–169 months). None of the patients had deterioration of the thoracic kyphotic angle.

CONCLUSIONS

Anterior decompression is the logical and ideal procedure to treat thoracic myelopathy caused by OPLL on the concave side of the spinal cord; however, this procedure is technically demanding. Microsurgery via the transthoracic anterolateral approach enables direct visualization of the thoracic ventral ossified lesion. The use of microscopic procedures might negate the need for bone grafting or spinal instrumentation.
Digitale Methoden in der Geschichtswissenschaft
Authors: König Mareike
Published: May 2019

Der digitale Wandel verändert das geisteswissenschaftliche Arbeiten ganz grundlegend: Recherchieren, Organisieren, Schreiben, Präsentieren und Veröffentlichen wird mittlerweile selbstverständlich per Computer erledigt. Computergestützte Forschung greift jedoch sehr viel tiefer in die Kultur der geisteswissenschaftlichen Fächer ein. Sie umfasst die Entwicklung, Anwendung und systematische Erforschung von digitalen Techniken, Methoden und Medien zur Beantwortung geisteswissenschaftlicher Fragestellungen. Die transdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Informatik und Geisteswissenschaften verläuft dabei nicht spannungsfrei. Denn digitale Methoden können zwar zur Entwicklung eines kohärenten Arguments beitragen, sie können es aber nicht alleine entwickeln. Dieser Beitrag zeigt Anwendungen und Praxisbeispiele in den Geschichtswissenschaften aus den Bereichen digitalisierte Quellensammlungen und digitale Editionen, qualitative und quantitative Textanalyse sowie Netzwerkanalysen und Visualisierungen und fragt, was digitale Methoden zur biographischen Forschung beitragen können. Er diskutiert außerdem zentrale Herausforderungen der computergestützten Forschung für die Geisteswissenschaften wie etwa die Kombination von klassischen und digitalen Methoden und die Verflechtung verschiedener Analyseformen und Interpretationen und resümiert, warum das Erarbeiten einer neuen digitalen Heuristik lohnenswert ist.
„Soldaten wie andere auch, nur ein bisschen besser“
Authors: Töppel Roman
Published: May 2019

Das öffentliche Selbstbild „der“ Waffen-SS, repräsentiert durch die „Hilfsgemeinschaft auf Gegenseitigkeit der ehemaligen Angehörigen der Waffen-SS e.V.“, ist in den vergangenen Jahren von der Forschung bereits untersucht worden. Doch wie stark wurde dieses Selbstbild von einzelnen ehemaligen Angehörigen der Waffen-SS verinnerlicht? Gab es ein einheitliches Waffen-SS-Narrativ, das alle ehemaligen Angehörigen dieser Truppe auch als ihre eigene lebensgeschichtliche Erzählung tradierten, oder wichen die persönlichen Erzählungen von SS-Veteranen vom öffentlichen Selbstbild ab? Um diese Fragen beantworten zu können, wurden insgesamt 68 SS-Veteranen interviewt. Die Ergebnisse der Befragung werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
Nanoarchitecture of Aggregates of Polymethine Dyes
Authors: Shapiro B. I.
Published: May 2019

In recent years, the class of polymethine (cyanine) dyes has attracted increasing attention of researchers in the field of nanotechnology due to the structural features of their chromophore system and their tendency to form polymolecular states – dye aggregates. The processes of the formation of aggregates with new optical and electronic properties in aqueous solutions were studied as exemplified by anionic thyatrimethinecyanine dyes. It was shown that the aggregates are formed by a “block” mechanism from dimers. The nanoarchitecture of the aggregates is determined by the type of the alkyl substituent in the meso position of the polymethine chain of the dye. The C2H5 group promotes the formation of long-wavelength J-aggregates with the “brickwork” packing of molecules. The CH3 group promotes the formation of short-wave H-units with the “stepladder” packing of molecules. The formation of spatial isomers – J- and H-aggregates from cis and trans conformations of dye molecules – was established. Inorganic and organic cations, which stabilize highly organized aggregate structures, have a significant effect on the formation of aggregated forms of anionic dyes. Thus, the work presents the author's ideas about a new scientific direction – the nanoarchitecture of aggregates of polymethine dyes.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF A USER INTERFACE BASED ON THE MENTAL TIME OF PERFORMING THE USER TASKS OF THE SUBJECT AREA
Authors: Grigoriev V. K. , Ilyushechkin A. S. , Ovchinnikov M. A.
Published: May 2019

The overall development of information systems and their increasingly significant impact on all areas of the society expressed in such terms as "information society", etc., determines the increasing importance of user interfaces. Moreover, the quality and adequacy of the interface to the tasks of the subject area becomes the determining parameter when choosing a specific organization software product for computer support of the organization. The study of user interfaces involved with the 70s of the last century. Some methods of interface quality research, in particular, the GOMS method is used to date. However, the use of advanced training technology for mass professional users of information systems for the study of interfaces allows to effectively evaluate the interface in the learning process without using the GOMS method. This article is devoted to this issue. The article deals with the method of quantitative evaluation of the quality of the user interface in the form of such characteristics as errors and mental time of the tasks of the subject area. The structure of time of performing tasks of the subject area is analyzed. Mental time is allocated as the characteristic that chiefly determines the usability of the user interface. Mental time is based on the total time of the step, the calculation time at this step, and the mechanical time required for a person to perform an action that causes the step to be performed. It is shown that the use of anticipated training technology of mass professional user can significantly simplify the allocation of mental time by eliminating the time of the task computer. In the structure of time, the mechanical time required for a person to perform an action that causes the step to be performed is essential. In the GOMS method some standard numerical characteristics are used to estimate mechanical time. However, a hypothesis is put forward, and it is experimentally shown that a statistically significant minimum time for performing actions can be used as mechanical time. This hypothesis was experimentally confirmed. The method and results of this experiment are presented in the article. Developed on this basis, the methodology for assessing the quality of the interface can be used when retraining users in the process of transition of organizations to domestic software in order to evaluate the interfaces.
关于高校“融媒体”研究文献综述
Authors: 王 妍
Published: May 2019

近几年,随着新媒体平台的迅猛发展,“融媒体”研究越来越受到新闻传播学界的关注。高校的融媒体建设作为国内新媒体发展的分支,也受到相关学者的重视。本文主要基于有关高校融媒体研究的状况,综述了近五年来高校融媒体主要的研究方向。
基于课路时光平台的云课堂教学模式构建研究
Authors: 严 新金
Published: May 2019

互联网云平台为教学模式的构建提供了丰富的资源共享、工具和互动交流平台。云计算与互联网+为多元化的教学融合提供了无限可能。积木式的云教学设计与管理为教师的课堂教学和学生的学习提供了广阔的空间和自由度。课路时光教学资源管理平台的融合与使用,使各种教育教学模式的复用、混用和赋能成为可能。
试论新课改下初中物理实验教学的改进与创新
Authors: 姚 晓枫
Published: May 2019

随着我国教育事业的不断发展,初中物理教学模式也发生了较大的变化,如何做好物理实验教学工作已经成为各个初中十分重要的研究课题之一。根据新课改的有关要求,新形势下的初中物理教学工作应当进一步提高学生的学习自主性与积极性,重点培养学生的自主学习能力与物理思维能力。因此,本文对新课改下初中物理实验教学的改进与创新进行了详细的分析。
工程教育认证框架下专业课程体系的构建
Authors: 汪 丽梅 , 战 美秋 , 于 环洋
Published: May 2019

本文针对我校高分子材料与工程专业课程设置存在的问题,在工程教育认证框架的指导下,合理的构建专业课程体系。并且探讨了更新教学方法、加强课程论文、打造“金课”等因素对专业课程建设的影响,为进一步推动专业课程建设的工程标准化发展提供保障。
计算机教育游戏在小学数学教学中的有效运用
Authors: 张 曼
Published: May 2019

随着信息时代的不断发展,教改力度不断增大,为了更好地顺应时代的发展需求,有效推动计算机教育游戏与小学数学教学的有机结合,本文将主要分析计算机教育游戏在学生学习中的意义,探讨计算机教育游戏在小学数学教学中的应用,以供参考。
案例教学法在飞行中人的因素课程中的教学应用研究
Authors: 张 颖 , 羊 钊 , 王 兵
Published: May 2019

案例教学法在管理类课程中获得广泛使用。《飞行中人的因素》是飞行技术专业一门偏应用性的课程,本文重点从几个方面提出了案例教学法在《飞行中人的因素》中具体应用的一些要点,从而改进案例教学法在该课程中的实施效果。
Determinants of Off-farm Employment Participation of Women in Rural Uganda
Authors: Cheng Fang , Zhang Haisen , S. Boniphace Nobeji
Published: May 2019

Off-farm employment in rural areas can be a major contributor to rural poverty reduction and decent rural employment. While women are highly active in the agricultural sector, they are less active than men in off-farm employment. This study analyzes the determinants of participation in off-farm employment of women in rural Uganda. The study is based on a field survey conducted in nine districts with the sample size of 1200 individual females. A two-stage Hechman’s sample selection model was applied to capture women’s decision to participate and the level of participation in non-farm economic activities. Summary statistics of the survey data from rural Uganda shows that: i) poverty and non-farm employment has a strong correlation, implying the importance of non-farm employment as a means for poverty reduction; and ii) there is a large gender gap to access non-farm employment, but the gender gap has been significantly reduced from group of older age to younger generation. The econometric results finds that the following factors have a significant influence on women’s participation in off-farm employment: education level of both the individual and household head (positive in both stages); women’s age (negative in both stages); female-headed household (negative in first stage); household head of polygamous marriage (negative in both stages); distance from major town (negative in the first stage); household size (positive in the second stage); dependency ratio (negative in the second stage); access to and use of government extension services (positive in the first stage); access to and use of an agricultural loan (negative in the second stage); and various district dummies variables. The implications of these findings suggest that those policies aimed at enhancing the identified determinants of women off-farm employment can promote income-generating opportunities for women groups in comparable contexts. In order to capitalize on these positive linkages, policies should be designed to improve skills and knowledge by providing education opportunities and increasing access to employment training, assistance services and loans for non-farm activities and by targeting women in female-headed, large and distant households. The government should increase investments in public infrastructure and services, such as roads, telecommunications and emergency support.
The Impact of the Reverse Learning Strategy on the Achievement of Sixth Graders and the Development of Their Creative Thinking
Authors: Hikmat Adnan , Malik Naji Nour Abdul
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study is to know (The Effect of Flipped Learning strategy in the Achievement of sixth grade students and the development of Their Creative Thinking). In order to achieve the objective of the study the two researchers depended on the experimental design, The sample of the study included (50) students of the AL- Smaha primary school students as (25) students for the first experimental group which studied according to the Flipped Learning strategy, and (25) students for the control group which studied depending to the traditional method, and it was qualified in the following variables (previous information, previous achievement, age). The test were prepared and it considered of (20) items as multi-choice type, and verifying its veracity by presenting it to group of experts and specialists, and verifying the veracity of the content by preparing test map. The reliability estimate was (0.82). The creative thinking test prepared too, which considered of (6) activates they were veracity and the reliability was (0.77). The results of the study showed: The students of the experimental group who studied according to the Flipped Learning strategy exceeded the students of the control group who studied according to the traditional method in both of the achievement test and the creative thinking test The researchers recommended several recommendations, including the need to adopting new teaching strategies. The study also suggested new scientific studies and other stages or other variables such as scientific thinking, developing critical thinking, the attitude towards the sciences.
Persepsi tentang Kanker Serviks, Promosi Kesehatan, Motivasi Sehat terhadap Perilaku Pencegahan Kanker Serviks pada Bidan di Wilayah Depok
Authors: Ahmad Mukhlisiana
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persepsi tentang penyakit, promosi kesehatan dan motivasi sehat dirinya terhadap perilaku pencegahan kanker serviks pada bidan bagi kesehatan dirinya di Wilayah Depok Tahun 2017. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain penelitian cross sectional, sampel yang digunakan 60 orang Bidan, Data primer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini melalui  (instrument) berupa kuesioner. Tekhnik pengolahan dan analisa data dilakukan dengan pendekatan statistik menggunakan aplikasi SPSS.18.0 dan SmartPLS 2.0 Hasil Pengukuran disajikan dalam tabel dan tekstular. Hasil analisis sebagai berikut; perilaku pencegahan kanker serviks pada bidan ditentukan oleh variabel persepsi tentang penyakit, promosi kesehatan dan motivasi sehat secara langsung sebesar 44,15%, dan tidak langsung sebesar 9,71%. Sedangkan motivasi sehat ditentukan secara langsung oleh persepsi tentang penyakit dan promosi kesehatan sebesar 65,82%. Persepsi tentang penyakit langsung dapat mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan kanker serviks sebesar 29,37%, dan berpengaruh tidak langsung melalui motivasi sehat sebesar 5,10%. Namun, promosi kesehatan tidak bisa langsung mempengaruhi dan tidak signifikan terhadap perilaku pencegahan kanker serviks, tetapi harus melalui motivasi sehat terlebih dahulu sebesar 4,61%. Selain itu, model analisis dapat menjelaskan 54,37% keragaman data, dan mampu mengkaji fenomena yang dipakai dalam penelitian, sedangkan 45,36% adalah komponen lain yang tidak ada dalam penelitian ini.
Pengaruh Empat Variabel terhadap Perilaku Pernikahan Dini Perempuan Pesisir
Authors: Diniyati Lena Sri , Jayatmi Irma
Published: May 2019

Terjadi peningkatan angka pernikahan remaja rentang usia 10-19 tahun di indonesia. Hal ini berdampak buruk terhadap masa depan dan kesehatan remaja. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung serta besarannya dukungan tenaga kesehatan, pengetahuan, peran keluarga, gaya hidup terhadap perilaku pernikahan dini perempuan pesisir di Pelabuhan Karangantu Serang tahun 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan aplikasi Smart PLS dan SPSS. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 70 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel perilaku pernikahan dini ditentukan oleh variabel dukungan tenaga kesehatan, pengetahuan, peran keluarga, dan gaya hidup. Ada Pengaruh langsung antara dukungan tenaga kesehatan sebesar 8,27%, pengetahuan secara langsung 1,48%, peran keluarga 22,69%, gaya hidup 24,29%. Dengan demikian dapat diketahui bahwa pengaruh tenaga kesehatan terhadap perilaku pernikahan dini lebih tinggi dari pada variabel yang lainnya. Sehingga Perlu adanya peningkatan dukungan dan peran aktif tenaga kesehatan dalam upaya peningkatan pengetahuan remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi.
Retiro productivo para los trabajadores de una empresa petrolera.
Authors: Santillán Marroquín Washington Edy , Burbano Pozo Diana Elizabeth , Arízaga Proaño Francisco Javier , Viracocha Aguirre Jenny del Pilar , Fernando Santillán Josué
Published: May 2019

En la actualidad, nos encontramos frente a un sector de la población Ecuatoriana con una esperanza de vida superior a la de generaciones precedentes y con una enorme vitalidad, cuya actividad en el mercado laboral ha finalizado, pero sus condiciones personales los motivan a seguir activos y productivos.La sociedad, mantiene una equivocada creencia que asocia la productividad y el empleo remunerado, sin destacar que la contribución de los adultos mayores a la sociedad va más allá; es decir, el criterio de productividad puede ser más amplio, que minimizarlo estrictamente en términos económicos.El proponer y lograr en una empresa en el Ecuador un “Plan de Retiro” es contribuir de alguna forma con la sociedad como “Responsabilidad Social Corporativa” y obviamente con los colaboradores de dicha Institución.Este programa práctico, será una herramienta de información que se podrá utilizar para un plan profesional de jubilación.
Gestión integral de activos fijos con enfoque en el control contable administrativo
Authors: García Jiménez Lady Alexandra , Narváez Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Erazo Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: May 2019

En la actualidad los modelos de gestión de activos fijos se han convertido en herramientas que facilitan la consecución de los objetivos estratégicos en las organizaciones; por tanto, analizar su comportamiento, reducir sus costos y optimizar sus inversiones son procesos que revisten de gran importancia al momento de producir valor

En este artículo se presenta la propuesta de un modelo de gestión integral de activos fijos, sustentado en cuatro ejes: planificación, ejecución, control y actuación. El modelo tiene como característica particular la articulación de los procesos contables y administrativos en forma práctica, de manera tal, que se aprovecha los recursos de la organización para alcanzar su máximo rendimiento de manera responsable y sostenible.

Para el desarrollo del modelo se inició con una fase de análisis de la literatura referente al tema, posteriormente se realizó un diagnóstico en la Asociación Agroartesanal de Productores Ecológicos de Palanda y Chinchipe de la provincia de Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador, luego se estableció una matriz de correlación de resultados, se bosquejo la estructura del modelo y finalmente se describió cada uno de sus componentes.
Equitable Chick Survival in Three Species of the Non-Migratory Shorebird Despite Species-Specific Sexual Dimorphism of the Young
Authors: Lees Daniel , Schmidt Tom , Sherman Craig D. H. , Maguire Grainne S. , Dann Peter , Weston Michael A.
Published: May 2019

Sex-biases in populations can have important implications for species’ social biology, population demography and mating systems. It has recently been suggested that in some shorebirds, sex-specific bias in survival of precocial young may occur. This may be driven by variation in the brood sex-ratio and/or the sexual size dimorphism of young birds, which may influence predator escape capacity. Understanding the survival of young birds remains a significant knowledge gap for many taxa, especially when young birds are mobile and cryptic. Our aims were to estimate the sex-ratio variation in three species of Australian resident shorebird, specifically to determine: (1) whether seasonal brood sex-ratio variation at hatching is occurring, (2) the extent of any sex-biased chick survival, (3) if sex specific dimorphism at hatching or during growth occurs; and, (4) whether escape capacity differs between the sexes. We radio-tracked 50 Masked Lapwing Vanellus miles, 42 Red-capped Plover Charadrius ruficapillus and 27 Hooded Plover Thinornis cucullatus chicks from individual broods, examined the likelihood of hatchlings being male or female based on the hatching date within the breeding season, and compared size at hatching, growth and mortality of chicks of different sexes. There was no sex-bias with the hatching date across the breeding season, nor were there differences in survival or growth rates between sexes for any of the three species studied. In one species, male hatchlings had longer tarsi than females, but this did not result in differential escape propensity or improved survival. In conclusion, the hatching date, survival and growth of chicks from three species of resident shorebird was not influenced by their sex.
Responding to Risk: Regulation or Prohibition? New Zealand Media Reporting of Thoroughbred Jumps Racing 2016–2018
Authors: Legg Kylie A. , Breheny Mary , Gee Erica K. , Rogers Chris W.
Published: May 2019

Jumps racing involves a higher risk of accident and fatality than flat racing. The wide accessibility of media, combined with alternate views regarding the place of animals in society, raises the question of the acceptability of the continuation of jumps racing. Racing data and media articles from Newztext and Google news search were collected for the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 jumps racing seasons, during which the fatality rate was 5.8 per 1000 starters. Jumps racing articles comprised 3.4% of all race reporting, and the volume of discussion about jumps racing was minimal (2.9% of jumps race articles related to the continuation of jumps racing), short-lived and related to horse fatalities. Articles were categorised and analysed using rhetorical analysis to determine the main arguments. The inherent risk posed by jumps racing to the horse formed a basis for two argumentative positions. Proponents of jumps racing argued that risks were reasonable, with risk minimisation measures best determined by expertise and care from within the racing industry, labelling opponents as naïve extremists. Opponents of jumps racing used anthropomorphism of the horse to argue that any risk was unacceptable and jumps racing should be banned. Horses were attributed with rights, and from this perspective, the racing industry exploited horses for entertainment. These two different arguments were used to shape claims for and against the continuation of jumps racing, allowing both to be built upon a shared acceptance of inherent risk.
Effects of Licorice Extract Supplementation on Feed Intake, Digestion, Rumen Function, Blood Indices and Live Weight Gain of Karakul Sheep
Authors: Guo Xuefeng , Cheng Long , Liu Junfeng , Zhang Sujiang , Sun Xuezhao , Al-Marashdeh Omar
Published: May 2019

This study was designed to investigate the effects of licorice extract supplemented to a cottonseed hull-based diet on rumen function, blood indices and growth of Karakul sheep. Twelve rumen-fistulated 1.5-year-old sheep were blocked in pairs by live weight. Sheep within pairs were randomly allocated to feed either on a cottonseed hull basal diet (control group) or on a basal diet containing 4.5% of licorice extract on dry matter (DM) basis (supplemented group). Sheep were housed individually and fed for 60 days, with a 15-day adaptation period and a 45-day measurement period. Feed intake and live weight gain were quantified. Rumen and blood samples were taken during the measurement period. The DM intake was lower for the supplemented group than for the control group. The mean ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and acetate and the ratio of acetate to propionate were lower, while the levels of propionate and butyrate were higher for the supplemented group than for the control group. Average daily live weight gain, digestible energy intake, apparent nutrient digestibility and feed conversion efficiency did not differ between the two treatments. The serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A and G were 2.1 and 1.8 times greater, and total antioxidant and superoxide dismutase increased by 1.8 and 1.2 times in the supplemented group compared with the control group. These results indicated that licorice extract supplementation in the diet at 4.5% of DM had a limited impact on rumen function but improved blood immunoglobulin and anti-oxidative status of Karakul sheep, without impairment of feed conversion efficiency or live weight gain.
Gradient Correlation Functions in Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Sjödahl Mikael
Published: May 2019

The performance of seven different correlation functions applied in Digital Image Correlation has been investigated using simulated and experimentally acquired laser speckle patterns. The correlation functions were constructed as combinations of the pure intensity correlation function, the gradient correlation function and the Hessian correlation function, respectively. It was found that the correlation function that was constructed as the product of all three pure correlation functions performed best for the small speckle sizes and large correlation values, respectively. The difference between the different functions disappeared as the speckle size increased and the correlation value dropped. On average, the random error of the combined correlation function was half that of the traditional intensity correlation function within the optimum region.
In-Home Emissions Performance of Cookstoves in Asia and Africa
Authors: Johnson Michael A. , Garland Charity R. , Jagoe Kirstie , Edwards Rufus , Ndemere Joseph , Weyant Cheryl , Patel Ashwin , Kithinji Jacob , Wasirwa Emmy , Nguyen Tuan , Khoi Do Duc , Kay Ethan , Scott Peter , Nguyen Raphael , Yagnaraman Mahesh , Mitchell John , Derby Elisa , Chiang Ranyee A. , Pennise David
Published: May 2019

This paper presents results from eight field studies in Asia and Africa on the emissions performance of 16 stove/fuel combinations measured during normal cooking events in homes. Characterizing real-world emissions performance is important for understanding the climate and health implications of technologies being promoted as alternatives to displace baseline cooking stoves and fuels. Almost all of the stove interventions were measured to have substantial reductions in PM2.5 and CO emissions compared to their respective baseline technologies (reductions of 24–87% and 25–80%, for PM2.5 and CO emission rates, respectively), though comparison with performance guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) suggests that further improvement for biomass stoves would help realize more health benefits. The emissions of LPG stoves were generally below the WHO interim PM2.5 emissions target (1.75 mg/min) though it was not clear how close they were to the most aspirational ISO (0.2 mg/min) or WHO (0.23 mg/min) targets as our limit of detection was 1.1 mg/min. Elemental and organic carbon emission factors and elemental-to-total carbon ratios (medians ranging from 0.11 to 0.42) were in line with previously reported field-based estimates for similar stove/fuel combinations. Two of the better performing forced draft stoves used with pellets—the Oorja (median ET/TC = 0.12) and Eco-Chula (median ET/TC = 0.42)—were at opposite ends of the range, indicating that important differences in combustion conditions can arise even between similar stove/fuel combinations. Field-based tests of stove performance also provide important feedback for laboratory test protocols. Comparison of these results to previously published water boiling test data from the laboratory reinforce the trend that stove performance is generally better during controlled laboratory conditions, with modified combustion efficiency (MCE) being consistently lower in the field for respective stove/fuel categories. New testing approaches, which operate stoves through a broader range of conditions, indicate potential for better MCE agreement than previous versions of water boiling tests. This improved agreement suggests that stove performance estimates from a new ISO laboratory testing protocol, including testing stoves across low, medium, and high firepower, may provide more representative estimates of real-world performance than previously used tests. More representative results from standardized laboratory testing should help push stove designs toward better real-world performance as well as provide a better indication of how the tested technologies will perform for the user.
Nanoparticle Activation Methods in Cancer Treatment
Authors: White Benjamin D , Duan Chengchen , Townley Helen E
Published: May 2019

In this review, we intend to highlight the progress which has been made in recent years around different types of smart activation nanosystems for cancer treatment. Conventional treatment methods, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, suffer from a lack of specific targeting and consequent off-target effects. This has led to the development of smart nanosystems which can effect specific regional and temporal activation. In this review, we will discuss the different methodologies which have been designed to permit activation at the tumour site. These can be divided into mechanisms which take advantage of the differences between healthy cells and cancer cells to trigger activation, and those which activate by a mechanism extrinsic to the cell or tumour environment.
Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake in Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Fuentes-Albero Milagros , Martínez-Martínez María Isabel , Cauli Omar
Published: May 2019

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) play a central role in neuronal growth and in the development of the human brain, and a deficiency of these substances has been reported in children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). In this regard, supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is used as adjuvant therapy in ADHD. Seafood, particularly fish, and some types of nuts are the main dietary sources of such fatty acids in the Spanish diet. In order to assess the effect of the intake of common foods containing high amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a food frequency questionnaire was administered to parents of children with ADHD (N = 48) and to parents of normally developing children (control group) (N = 87), and the intake of dietary omega-3 LC-PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), was estimated. Children with ADHD consumed fatty fish, lean fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and chicken eggs significantly less often (p < 0.05) than children in the control group. The estimated daily omega-3 LC-PUFA intake (EPA + DHA) was significantly below that recommended by the public health agencies in both groups, and was significantly lower in children with ADHD (p < 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.45) compared to normally developing children. Dietary intervention to increase the consumption of fish and seafood is strongly advised and it is especially warranted in children with ADHD, since it could contribute to improve the symptoms of ADHD.