bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐176: Degradation of Blue Phosphorescent and Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Thermal Stress
Authors: Lee Song Eun , Lee Ho Won , Baek Hyun Jung , Kim Ho Yong , Yun Geum Jae , Kim Woo Young , Kim Young Kwan
Published: June 2017

We investigated the influence of external thermal stress on blue OLEDs annealed various temperature to compare their properties to those of pristine device. Current density‐voltage‐luminance and lifetime decrease due to thermal stress, and we also used impedance spectroscopy, to obtain detailed measurements to determine the degradation mechanisms of the devices.
P‐179: Enhanced Light Extraction from Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes using a Quasi‐periodic Nanostructure
Authors: Lee Ju Sung , Shim Yong Sub , Park Chan Hyuk , Hwang Ha , Kim Jae Geun , Joo Chul Woong , Sung Woo Jin , Lee Jonghee , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong-Kwon
Published: June 2017

Here, we fabricate organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with quasi‐periodic nanostructure (QPS) processed both by laser interference lithography (LIL) and reactive ion etching (RIE). The LIL process is used for forming periodic pattern, and on the periodic pattern, the RIE process is supplemented for adding random property. The resulting quasi‐periodic nanostructure is composed of the silicon dioxide (SiO2) having low refractive index, and we were able to obtain enhanced light extraction characteristics of OLEDs in all viewing angle without any spectrum distortion problem, by utilizing each optical advantage of periodic and random structure.
P‐133: Optimization of Multilayer Inorganic/Organic Thin Film Structure for Foldable Barrier Films
Authors: Shin Jeong-Ha , Kim Wansun , Choi Gwang-Mun , Kim Taek-Soo , Bae Byeong-Soo
Published: June 2017

We report the optimal structure of multilayer inorganic/organic thin film for foldable barrier films which maintain their barrier properties even after a folding test with 1 mm radius. The barrier film consists of PI film, cyclo‐aliphatic epoxy‐siloxane (CES) hybrid material, and ALD‐grown Al2O3. The optimal structure was determined by investigating mechanical properties of the film based on finite element analysis (FEA). In this structure, folding stress and strain in the brittle Al2O3 layer is minimized with values of 5.38 MPa and 0.0048% during a folding test with 1 mm radius. The optimized multilayer inorganic/organic thin film proposed by FEA results was validated by water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) measurement. Despite 10000 times folding test, the WVTR value of the barrier was comparable to that of a non‐bending sample. These results demonstrate a potential for applicability to an encapsulation technology for flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs).
P‐146: A LCD with Submillisecond Motion Picture Response Time
Authors: Peng Fenglin , Chen Haiwei , Gou Fangwang , Lee Yun-Han , Wu Shin-Tson , Wand Michael , Li Ming-Chun , Lee Seok-Lyul
Published: June 2017

We reported a fast‐response LCD for virtual reality applications. The average gray‐to‐gray (GTG) response time is 0.93ms and its GTG motion‐picture‐response‐time (MPRT) is comparable to OLED. By increasing the frame‐rate and/or decreasing the backlight duty‐ratio, we can achieve MPRT < 1 ms to display fast‐moving objects with unnoticeable motion blurs.
P‐139: High Optical Contrast Reflective Display with Electrochromism
Authors: Ko Ik Jang , Park Jin Hwan , Kim Yong Cheol , Kim Gyeong Woo , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: June 2017

We report a new reflective display combined electrochromic device and white reflector for the wearable application. This device shows a high contrast ratio of 38:1 under ambient light condition of 660 lux due to their good outdoor visibility based on high reflectance and deep black level.
P‐194: Control of the Viewing Angle Dependence by Inserting of Scattering Layer on Microcavity OLEDs
Authors: Park Cheol Hwee , Shim Yong Sub , Bae Bong Han , Kim Jae Geun , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong-Kwon
Published: June 2017

In this study, we present viewing angle independent microcavity OLEDs by using scattering layer (SL) and planarization layer. Compared to a device without SL, device with SL had an angular emission profile like lambertian. Also device with SL showed a less color coordinate and spectra shift. Then two devices showed similar EQE, which means there were no light loss.
P‐148: Fast‐Response VA‐FFS Liquid Crystal Mode using 3D Electrode Design
Authors: Choi Wing-Kit , Tung Chia-Hsiang , Tseng and Bo-Kai
Published: June 2017

A new 3D electrode design is proposed for a VA‐FFS (or Dual FFS) liquid crystal mode which is known for its intrinsic sub‐millisecond fast response time without using thin cell gap or other liquid crystal phases. By using this new 3D electrode design, we found that it is possible to improve the potential maximum transmission and also the potential response speed of this fast‐response liquid crystal mode.
P‐187: Electronic Structures of Various Color Light‐Emitting Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Thin Films
Authors: Watanabe Naoto , Kim Junghwan , Ide Keisuke , Hiramatsu Hidenori , Hosono Hideo , Kamiya Toshio
Published: June 2017

We report multi‐color semiconductor phosphor thin films based on amorphous Ga2Ox semiconductor (a‐Ga2Ox), which improved quantum efficiency compared to already‐reported a‐IGZO:Eu. Doping of Eu, Sm, Pr, Dy and Tb emitted different visible colors such as red, yellow, and green. Photoemission spectroscopy revealed their electronic structures and light‐emission mechanisms.
P‐190: White Light Emission of Triple Core Chromophores Using Anthracene and Pyrene Moieties
Authors: Jung Hyocheol , Lee Jaehyun , Shin Hwangyu , Kim Joonghan , Yokoyama Daisuke , Nishimura Hidetaka , Wakamiya Atsushi , Park Jongwook
Published: June 2017

Three materials had highly twisted core structures and m‐terphenyl introduced into core. In film state, excimer emission can be interpreted as result of orientation effect. Wavelength of excimer was controlled through change of center position of triple‐core chromophore, and CIE of white light and efficiency could be controlled.
P‐153: Liquid Crystal Microlenses in Porous Media
Authors: Belyaev Victor V. , Solomatin Alexey S. , Smirnov Alexander G. , Suarez Douglas R. , Molina Franklin Y.
Published: June 2017

LC director and refractive index distribution in a micropore
with different LC boundary conditions have been simulated.
Splay and bend configurations were simulated in the LC pores
with Franck elastic coefficients K33/K11 ratio from 0.5 to 3. For
different LC orientation configurations parabolic profiles of
radial dependence of the refractive index are obtained with
focus distance up to 80 mm that makes it possible for
application in different LC devices.
P‐200: Characteristics of Thin Film Passivation Processed by a Low‐temperature Process LAPECVD
Authors: Choi Jung A , Lee Ho-Nyun , Cho Kwan Hyun , Lee Seung-woo , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Kang Kyung Tae
Published: June 2017

Nowadays, temperature‐lowering during process has been discussed as an important problem due to high‐integrity of semiconductor technology. New low‐temperature deposition technologies are introduced due to above problem. This research compared between characteristics of traditional PECVD thin film and characteristics of SiNx film which is deposited by LAPECVD (Laser Assisted PECVD) applied deposition method. From measurements of the thickness, surface topography, etch rate, and refractive indices, we demonstrate the enhanced quality of SiNx films fabricated by CO2 laser irradiation. The sample that was deposited with LAPECVD method in 35°C has similar etch rate to SiNx film which was deposited from more than 250°C with PECVD process. Inorganic thin film which is produced with LAPECVD can be applied to OLED element as passivation layer to suggest application possibility on flexible display.
P‐158: Experimental Testing the Curved LC modulator for Locally‐Adaptive Light‐Shield Filter in Augmented Reality Device
Authors: Ezhov Vasily A. , Studentsov Sergey A. , Ivashkin Peter I.
Published: June 2017

The curved (cylindrical‐form) liquid crystal (LC) modulator is
made for locally‐adaptive light‐shield filtering (LASF) to protect
eyes of user against excessive external light (sunlight) whereas
providing clearer perception of images generated by inner
micro displays in the augmented reality device model. Using
LASF allows to prevent degrading the clarity of perception of
the external objects with small and medium brightness located
in the observed scenes of the real (physical) world.
Experimental results of the curved LC modulator testing are
presented.
P‐202: A Flexible Transparent OLED Display with FlexUPTM Technology
Authors: Tsai Yu-Hsiang , Wu Yi-Lin , Liou Wei-Tong , Kung Yu-Ruei , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Lee Kuo-Chang
Published: June 2017

A flexible segment transparent OLED display (T‐OLED) with FlexUPTM technology was demonstrated in this paper. Our monochromatic T‐OLED with transparent cathode structure Mg:Ag/HATCN/IZO can reach transmittance of 64.2%. Also, a flexible electrochromic (EC) shutter as a light‐blocking layer was placed behind the T‐OLED to enhance ambient contrast ratio. Total transmittance of T‐OLED/EC system is 54.2%. This T OLED/EC system can be used as information displays in curved windows like windshield even in a high brightness environment.
P‐234: Late‐News Poster: OLED Lighting with High Out‐Coupling Efficiency and Reliability
Authors: Nakamura Nobuhiro , Kim Junghwan , Yamamoto Koji , Watanabe Satoru , Miyakawa Naomichi , Kamiya Toshio , Hosono Hideo
Published: June 2017

A very thick amorphous ZnO‐Si02(a‐ZSO) is applied to an electron injection/transport layer of OLED fabricated on a high‐index‐scattering layer. Although the thick a‐ZSO enhances the interference inside the OLED, angular dependence of color is suppressed well by the scattering layer of high index submicron particles embedded in glass matrix. Due to the high transparency and the index matching with the other OLED layers, the out‐coupling efficiency is improved by ~1.7 times compared to the OLED without the scattering layer.
P‐161: Reverse OCB Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Zhou Xiaochen , Qin Guangkui , Xu Xiaoguang , Yang Deng-ke
Published: June 2017

We proposed a novel reserve optical compensated bend (ROCB)
liquid crystal display mode. This mode has advantages of a
rapid response time and self‐compensation for large viewing angle.
We also used polymer network to stabilize the bend configuration.
We achieved ultra‐fast response time of sub‐millisecond, which is
suitable for color sequential operation.
P‐214: Flexible White Organic Light Emitting Diode via Solution Process
Authors: Dubey Deepak Kumar , Tung Fu Ching , Liu Shih Hao , Song Wei Chi , Singh Meenu , Sahoo Snehasis , Lai Shih Hsiang , Jou Jwo-Huei
Published: June 2017

Solution processed, chromaticity stable, and highly efficient flexible white organic light‐emitting diode (FWOLED) based on a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate has been developed for the next‐generation solid‐state lighting and display. The resultant WOLED shows current efficiency (CE) 36 cd/A, power efficiency (PE) 18.7 lm/W, and 12.5 % external quantum efficiency at 1000 cd/m2 with maximum luminance of 9,586 cd/m2 .
Gender Differences in the Giving and Taking Variants of the Dictator Game
Authors: Chowdhury Subhasish M. , Jeon Joo Young , Saha Bibhas
Published: June 2017

We run between‐subject dictator games with exogenously specified “give” or “take” frames involving a balanced pool of male and female dictators and constant payoff possibilities. We find the following: Females allocate more under the taking frame than under the giving frame. Males allocate more under the giving frame than under the taking frame. In the taking frame females are more generous than males. But in the giving frame both are equally generous. Finally, when the combined population of males and females is considered, giving is found to be equivalent to “not taking,” because the opposing gender effects offset each other.
Mono-, bi-, and tri-metallic Ni-based catalysts for the catalytic hydrotreatment of pyrolysis liquids
Authors: Yin Wang , Venderbosch Robbie H. , He Songbo , Bykova Maria V. , Khromova Sofia A. , Yakovlev Vadim A. , Heeres Hero J.
Published: June 2017

Catalytic hydrotreatment is a promising technology to convert pyrolysis liquids into intermediates with improved properties. Here, we report a catalyst screening study on the catalytic hydrotreatment of pyrolysis liquids using bi- and tri-metallic nickel-based catalysts in a batch autoclave (initial hydrogen pressure of 140 bar, 350 °C, 4 h). The catalysts are characterized by a high nickel metal loading (41 to 57 wt%), promoted by Cu, Pd, Mo, and/or combination thereof, in a SiO2, SiO2-ZrO2, or SiO2-Al2O3 matrix. The hydrotreatment results were compared with a benchmark Ru/C catalyst. The results revealed that the monometallic Ni catalyst is the least active and that particularly the use of Mo as the promoter is favored when considering activity and product properties. For Mo promotion, a product oil with improved properties viz. the highest H/C molar ratio and the lowest coking tendency was obtained. A drawback when using Mo as the promoter is the relatively high methane yield, which is close to that for Ru/C. 1H, 13C-NMR, heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), and two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) of the product oils reveal that representative component classes of the sugar fraction of pyrolysis liquids like carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones and carbohydrates) are converted to a large extent. The pyrolytic lignin fraction is less reactive, though some degree of hydrocracking is observed.
Do family environment factors play a role in adolescents' involvement in organized activities?
Authors: Badura Petr , Madarasova Geckova Andrea , Sigmundova Dagmar , Sigmund Erik , van Dijk Jitse P. , Reijneveld Sijmen A.
Published: June 2017

The study assessed the association of family environment factors with adolescents' participation in organized leisure‐time activities (OLTA). We used data on 10,472 Czech adolescents aged 11–15 years (49.2% boys) from the 2013/2014 Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children study. The associations of family support, the presence of parental screen‐time rules and joint family activities with participation in at least one OLTA were assessed using logistic regression. High family support and the presence of parental screen‐time rules were associated with higher odds of OLTA participation. Moreover, adolescents playing sports, indoor games and going for walks with their families at least weekly were more likely to participate in OLTA. Conversely, those spending time in joint family TV/video watching on most days were less likely to do so. A supportive family environment and direct parental involvement in their adolescent children's leisure are associated with OLTA participation in early to middle adolescence.
Construcción del perfil profesional del médico familiar en México
Authors: Gómez Clavelina Francisco Javier F. , Leyva Gonzalez Félix Arturo
Published: June 2017

Introducción: El perfil profesional es un término que se usa con un significado poco preciso. Se emplea en el discurso académico y constituye un componente ineludible y sustantivo de planes de estudio y de aspectos vinculados con el ambiente laboral. En México, no se cuenta con un perfil profesional del médico familiar sustentado por elementos teóricos-metodológicos y de la práctica profesional para su construcción.

Objetivo: Construir el perfil profesional del médico familiar mexicano, a través de la aplicación de una estrategia de producción y validación basada en el grado de consenso entre académicos, formadores y representantes gremiales.

Método: Estudio censal, descriptivo, cuanticualitativo, prospectivo. Con base en las propuestas metodológicas de cuatro autores y en los recursos disponibles de participación (académicos, formadores y representantes gremiales), se seleccionó el modo I de IV para la validación del perfil. Se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario electrónico de autorrespuesta para obtener la opinión de 71 participantes, acerca de las seis dimensiones o dominios consensuados que conforman el perfil profesional del especialista en medicina familiar. Se aplicó el cuestionario mediante una plataforma electrónica con acceso mediante correo electrónico. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y análisis de contenido para categorizar las respuestas de cada reactivo.

Resultados: Se obtuvieron 34 respuestas completas (47.9%). El resumen cuantitativo de los términos    encontrados permitió identificar las 10 palabras o frases más frecuentes para cada pregunta. El análisis cualitativo permitió identificar cuatro áreas de desempeño profesional y los rasgos o características profesionales del médico especialista en medicina familiar, los cuales se organizaron y redactaron para construir el perfil del médico familiar en México.

Conclusiones: El perfil profesional del médico especialista en medicina familiar mexicano obtenido en este estudio, permite establecer congruencia entre sus características y rasgos profesionales, sus competencias generales y específicas y las actividades que debe desarrollar en los diferentes contextos laborales en los que se desempeña.
Choice and (the Awareness of) its Consequences: The ICJ's
“Structural Bias” Strikes Again in the Marshall
Islands Case
Authors: Bianchi Andrea
Published: June 2017

My very first publication, admittedly written in a language that many AJIL
Unbound readers might be unable or unwilling to read, was an essay on the Treaty
on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and its effects
vis-à-vis third parties. Already back then, I found it difficult to
justify how an international treaty could rubber-stamp such a highly uneven
state of affairs. The overt acknowledgement of the discrimination between
nuclear and nonnuclear states, the hypocrisy about “unofficial”
nuclear states, and the Article VI obligation for nuclear states to negotiate
effective measures of disarmament, largely ignored in the first twenty years of
the treaty, were all elements that contributed to my perception of unfairness,
if not blatant injustice. As a young researcher approaching international law
with the enthusiasm of the neophyte, however, this looked like a little anomaly
in an otherwise fair and equitable international legal order. It did not set off
warning bells about the system as such. After all, international law was geared,
at least in my eyes, towards enhancing the wellbeing of humanity. It must have
been so. And it is not that I leaned particularly on the idealistic side; it
seemed normal to me … at the time.
P.016 Early telephone follow-up for traumatic brain injury patients using the Rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire
Authors: Thibault-Halman G , Fenerty L , Taylor P , Kureshi N , Walling S , Clarke DB
Published: June 2017

Background: Patients who require hospitalization for a mild or moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often discharged home with uncertainty around their full recovery. This study examines the frequency and severity of common post-TBI symptoms, as assessed by the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPCQ). Methods: All adult TBI inpatients discharged home from the Neurosurgery service were interviewed by phone at two weeks by a rehab-based nurse practitioner. RPCQ components (cognitive, emotional, and somatic) were analyzed; findings and management recommendations were communicated to family practitioners and the treating neurosurgeon. Results: In 46 patients, cognitive symptoms were present in 52%, 91% had somatic, and 100% had emotional symptoms. Fatigue was the most common symptom (67%). Double vision was the least common symptom (4%). Recommendations for managing symptoms, return to work, and need for formal clinical assessment were provided for 37% of cases. Conclusions: All patients admitted to neurosurgery with mild or moderate TBI had symptoms at two weeks. The RPCQ is a low-cost structured evaluative tool which highlights needs and provides guidance for patients and care-givers; it also seems effective in identifying those who may require formal clinical assessment.
P.017 Efficacy of stereotactic intracavitary instillation of 90yttrium colloid for treatment of cystic sellar/parasellar tumors
Authors: Clarke DB , Hebb AL , Hill R , Imran SA , Mishra A , Mawko G , Burrell S
Published: June 2017

Background: Traditional neurosurgical techniques and/or stereotactic radiotherapy, although effective for solid tumors, can be associated with high morbidity and be relatively ineffective for long-term control of cystic sellar/parasellar tumors. The rationale of our study was to examine the efficacy and safety of stereotactic intracavitary instillation of 90yttrium colloid for the primary treatment of cystic tumors. Methods: As part of a Health Canada approved clinical trial, we have enrolled nine patients (6 females, 3 males; mean age 64, range 43 to 83 years) for treatment of symptomatic and/or enlarging cysts. Ten cystic sellar/parasellar lesions underwent right frontal stereotactic insertion of 90yttrium colloid to deliver a radiation dose of 200 Gy to the cyst wall. Results: Compared with pre-treatment cyst volumes (mean 4.6 cc; range 0.8-16.1 cc), the cysts decreased in size at 3 months (2.6 cc; 0.2-10 cc) with further shrinkage (n=5) at 9 months (1 cc; 0.1-2.7 cc). Of 9 patients with pre-operation visual field defects, 6 showed improvement. The single complication was a delayed (1 month) incomplete CNIII palsy. Conclusions: Our early experience indicates that 90yttrium colloid delivered to a cystic craniopharyngioma provides an efficacious alternative to open surgery for primary treatment of these cystic lesions.
P.033 Experiences with epilepsy treatments: a qualitative content analysis of online patient support group discussions
Authors: Lapalme-Remis S , Kumbamu A , Young C , Aase L , Jetté N , Leep Hunderford A
Published: June 2017

Background: To promote patient-centred care in epilepsy, it is essential to understand the issues most important to patients. Literature on patient perceptions of epilepsy treatments is sparse. One source of data is online patient support groups. Patients turn to social media for support from other patients and often express viewpoints not shared with healthcare providers. Methods: Using a qualitative content analysis approach, we analyzed major online epilepsy patient support groups. We initially selected a month-long discussion text across these forums, and further threads were sampled with maximum variation until theme saturation was reached. For data coding and analysis, we employed a combination of a priori codes and emergent codes, using NVivo 11 for data analysis. Results: In our preliminary analysis, we identified topics and categorized them into themes: 1) differential perceptions and understandings of epilepsy; (2) understanding treatment options; (3) experiences of physiological and psychological treatment side effects; (4) concerns about healthcare providers’ knowledge and communication regarding treatments. Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate a variety of patient perceptions and understandings of epilepsy and its treatments. Our findings also suggest that patient educational needs should be addressed by incorporating their understanding and concerns. Shared-decision making tools informed by patient perceptions could help healthcare providers better communicate treatment options with patients.
P.039 mTOR inhibitors as a new therapeutic strategy in treatment resistant epilepsy in hemimegalencephaly: a case report
Authors: Xu Q , Sarnat H , Uliel-Sibony S , Boelman C , Connolly M , Datta A
Published: June 2017

Background: Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a hamartomatous malformation of one cerebral hemisphere, resulting in refractory epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autistic features. Hemispherectomy is the definitive treatment, but there is risk of high morbidity and mortality, especially when done in early infancy. Various preclinical studies have shown that dysregulation of the mTOR pathway has an integral role in the development of various epilepsy syndromes, including tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), focal cortical dysplasia and HME. Recently, mTOR inhibitors were proven to be effective in treating seizures in TSC. Methods: We present a case of a 6 day old female with refractory epilepsy despite the trial of 9 anti-seizure medications and the ketogenic diet. As the patient was awaiting epilepsy surgery, an mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin was initiated. Results: After 1 week of the initiation, she had over a 50% reduction in seizures. At two weeks, the parents felt that for the first time, she was making developmental gains. She also appeared brighter and more interactive. Due to her response to treatment, her hemispherectomy was deferred to when she is older, so there will be a decreased risk of complications from the surgery. Conclusions: This case exemplifies how mTOR inhibitors should be considered as a treatment option for patients with HME and refractory epilepsy.
P.061 An outcome study of ischemic stroke patients admitted to a rehabilitation unit
Authors: Glass-Kaastra S , Saab A , Young G
Published: June 2017

Background: Earlier studies suggest that age and stroke severity are the main determinants in stroke patient disposition after rehabilitation. We examined these and other variables to determine those that correlated with returning home vs. long-term care (LTC). Methods: Chart review of ischemic stroke patients with initial alpha-FIM scores between 40 and 80 admitted to our Rehabilitation Unit from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2014. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: There were 162 suitable patients. 130 went home and 32 went to LTC. The multivariable analysis showed the following variables favored LTC disposition: age (1.2x increased risk with increased age, P<0.01), residence (17.5x increased risk if not starting at home, P<0.01), right vs. left hemisphere (5.4x greater risk with right hemisphere, p=0.01), bowel continence (10.6x greater risk if not continent, p<0.01), and caregiver (0.05x decreased risk if a caregiver is present, p<0.01). No differences were found for sex, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, previous stroke, congestive heart failure, COPD, obesity, hemianopsia or financial status. Conclusions: Numerous variables probably affect patient disposition after rehabilitation for acute ischemic stroke.
P.070 Characteristics of patients presenting to a multiple sclerosis clinic in Hamilton, Ontario
Authors: Tomkinson CB , Paulseth JE
Published: June 2017

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease which is highly prevalent in Canada. To date limited data exists on the characteristics of this population in Ontario. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of initial patient presentations to a MS clinic in 2011. Initial and follow-up consult notes were reviewed. Patients with a previous MS diagnosis were excluded. Results: 81 patients presented to the clinic for the first time in 2011. 41 were given alternative diagnoses (non-MS). Of the remaining 40 patients (MS group), 9 had clinically or radiologically isolated syndrome and 8 were in a progressive phase of MS. The mean age of presentation was 22 (MS group) and 47 (non-MS group). The most common initial symptom in both groups was a sensory disturbance. The mean initial EDSS in the MS group was 1.75 (0-6.5). In the MS group only 35% were put on disease modifying treatments. The most common reasons for exclusion of treatment were progressive disease phase, clinically or radiologically isolated syndrome, and unclear diagnosis. In the non-MS group, the most common diagnoses were non-specific MRI findings, transverse myelitis and peripheral nerve or muscular diagnoses. Conclusions: This retrospective review has outlined the characteristics of a MS population in Ontario.
P.074 Myopathic aspects of Mowat-Wilson Syndrome
Authors: Subramanian L , Wei Y , Nguyen C , Hicks R , Chitra P , Campbell C
Published: June 2017

Background: Mowat-Wilson Syndrome (MWS) is a genetic syndrome (ZEB2, OMIM: 235730) that occurs in 1 in 50000 births. It is characterized by microcephaly, intellectual disability, dysmorphisms (prominent chin, cupped ears, broad nasal bridge) and Hirschsprung’s disease. Although motor delay and hypotonia are common components, a myopathy has not been described in MWS literature. A childhood case with myopathic features prompted further study of this rare disease. Methods: Patients were recruited from the Mowat-Wilson Foundation via email or social media to complete a survey. Results: Thirteen surveys were returned to date. Although 54% of the patients reported motor delay, none of the patients had myopathy investigations. The index patient, presented at 1 year old, with hypotonia and developmental delay. Pregnancy and family history were unremarkable. Investigations revealed high CK levels (range 300 to 500 U/L), EMG confirmed myopathic motor units, and muscle biopsy showed type 1 fibre predominance. Single gene sequencing revealed pathogenic mutations of ZEB2, confirming a diagnosis of MWS. Conclusions: The description of myopathic features expands the spectrum of this rare syndrome and adds to the differential diagnosis of hyperCKemia in early childhood.
P.076 Quantitative EEG in Canada: a national technologist survey
Authors: Ng MC , Gillis K , Nikkel J
Published: June 2017

Background: Burgeoning EEG demand has largely gone unmet with insufficient supply of manpower and equipment. Quantitative EEG (QEEG) may help compress large volumes of data for expedited review. We sought to determine the current use of QEEG in Canada through a national EEG technologist survey. Methods: A 10-item questionnaire was administered to participants at the 2016 meeting of the Canadian Association of Electroneurophysiology Technologists, which occurred in parallel with the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation meeting. Results: A response rate of 63% (14/22) represented 12 institutions (11 adult, 6 paediatric) over six provinces with 73% of the national population. Only academic institutions (9/12) used QEEG, representing five provinces with 70% of the national population. Most institutions generated QEEG either real-time or retrospectively in the critical care and epilepsy monitoring units for long-term monitoring and automated seizure detection. The most used trends were spectrographic, seizure detection, and artifact detection. Montage use, QEEG duration, and timebase settings were highly variable. Conclusions: QEEG is in surprisingly frequent use across Canada. There is no consensus on optimal QEEG use, which mirrors uncertainty in the literature. The relative ubiquity of QEEG in Canada offers promise for collaborative multicentre research into unlocking the full potential of QEEG in enhancing patient care.
P.077 EEG attenuations in adults: clinical correlates
Authors: Hunter G , Verity R
Published: June 2017

Background: Intermittent EEG attenuations have relatively clear significance in pediatric populations, but a consistent clinical correlation has not been identified in adults. While generally seen in metabolic encephalopathies, the specific clinical correlates and prognostic value have not been determined. Methods: We prospectively collected 22 consecutive EEGs noted to have intermittent generalized attenuations. Baseline and discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS), diagnosis at discharge, EEG altering medications, ICU admissions, relevant imaging, mental status, the location the patient was discharged to, and pertinent lab values were assessed. Results: Mean patient age was 73.7 (SD=11.0) at admission. Twelve of the twenty-two patients (55%) died during their course in hospital. Four patients (18.2%) did not have a change in mRS score from baseline to discharge, while most had an increase in their mRS scores reflecting increased disability. Twelve patients (55%) were admitted to the ICU or CCU during their time in hospital. The most common etiologies were metabolic encephalopathies, and often associated with triphasic waves. Conclusions: Intermittent generalized EEG attenuations in adults are associated with severe metabolic encephalopathies and poor outcome including high association with mortality. The physiologic mechanism of generalized attenuations in poorly understood. Patients with this pattern should be suspected of having a severe metabolic encephalopathy and treated accordingly.
P.081 Using functional MRI to assess the applicability of surgery or radiosurgery for vascular malformations near eloquent cortex
Authors: Gould L , Kelly M , Ekstrand C , Ellchuk T , Borowsky R , Mickleborough M
Published: June 2017

Background: Although surgery is the gold standard for treating brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), surgical techniques may not be suitable if the AVM is located in eloquent regions of the brain, such as the motor cortex. An alternative method for these cases is stereotactic radiosurgery. Localization of the motor cortex using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is useful for helping the neurosurgeon determine which type of surgery is appropriate. We report a patient with a left frontal AVM near the motor cortex. fMRI was requested to localize motor functioning. Methods: The tasks included bilateral finger tapping, arm rubbing against the scanner, and abdominal tightening. All fMRI analyses were performed using BrainVoyager. Results: The fMRI results revealed that finger tapping and arm rubbing activated the precentral gyrus and supplementary motor area, and abdominal tightening activated the paracentral gyrus. These regions of activation were shown to be just posterior to the AVM and were mapped using neuronavigation during surgery. Conclusions: Given that the fMRI activation in the motor cortex was posterior to the AVM, the neurosurgeon felt confident that surgery could be performed. These findings elucidate the utility of fMRI for pre-surgical localization and for determining whether surgery or radiosurgery is appropriate in cases in which the AVM is near eloquent cortex.
P.086 Endoscopic assisted ulnar nerve decompression: a technical note
Authors: Alotaibi MB , Yarascavitch B , Reddy K
Published: June 2017

Background: Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most frequent upper extremity entrapment neuropathy. Various surgical approaches have been described in the literature for Ulnar nerve decompression, ranging from open In-situ decompression to endoscopic Ulnar nerve release. In this technical note we describe a new endoscopic approach for Ulnar nerve decompression. Methods: Four cadavers, a total of eight fresh arms were dissected using our new endoscopic technique. The technique involves a 2.5cm skin incision placed 2.5cm distal to the medial epicondyle, and perpendicular to the long nerve axis. Early identification of motor branches was achieved using this skin incision. Under endoscopic view using 30 degree rigid scope Ulnar nerves were decompressed Results: Early identification of motor branches was achieved using distally placed skin incision in all eight arms. Conclusions: The safety of identifying Ulnar nerve motor branches in the early steps of the procedure, and the avoidance of scar formation over the elbow joint are the proposed advantages of this approach. More clinical studies needed to validate this outcome.
P.088 Spinal computer-assisted intra-operative three-dimensional navigation in Canada: a population-based time trend study
Authors: Guha D , Moghaddamjou A , Alotaibi NM , Yee A , Yang VX
Published: June 2017

Background: Spinal computer-assisted navigation (CAN) is proven to increase instrumentation accuracy. Adoption remains limited by workflow restrictions, learning curves and costs. Here, we assess spinal CAN usage among Ontario surgeons to identify gaps in application, and temporal trends of usage. Methods: A prospectively-collected database of provincial insurance billables and diagnostic codes was reviewed retrospectively, from 2002-2014. Patients undergoing instrumented spinal fusions or percutaneous vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty were identified. Fee and diagnostic codes were applied to distinguish surgical indication and approach. The use of intra-operative navigation was determined for each case. Results: We identified 4607 instrumented spinal fusions in our cohort. Most cases were performed by orthopedic surgeons (63.2%) and the remainder by neurosurgeons. Of 2239 cases with identifiable etiology, CAN was utilized in 8.8%, predominantly for trauma and degenerative pathologies rather than deformity. In univariate analyses, CAN was used more often by neurosurgeons (21.0% vs. 12.4%, p<0.001), in academic institutions (15.9% vs. 12.3%, p<0.001), and when performed in/after 2010 (18.9% vs. 8.9%, p<0.001). Differences by specialty and year remained significant in multiple logistic regression. Conclusions: Spinal CAN has proven benefit for instrumentation accuracy, but is used preferentially by academic neurosurgeons. Significant gains must be made in cost and usability to improve access across disciplines and institutions.
P.092 Hirayama Disease: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: McGregor S , Joswig H , Duggal N
Published: June 2017

Background: Hirayama disease (HD) is characterized by progressive cervical myelopathy caused by repetive neck flexion leading to forward displacement of the posterior dural sack with compression and injury of the spinal cord. Typically, the C7-T1 myotomes become weak and atrophic, while sparing sensation. Here we present two Canadian cases of this rare entity. Methods: Two cases of HD are presented and literature reviewed, showing the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of this disease. Results: Case 1 is a 17-year-old male professional singer and musician. He presented with bilateral progressive hand weakness, which was aggrevated while playing the violine. Cervical MRI showed increased T2-weighted signaling at C5-7, but a correct diagnosis could not be identified. Eventually, dynamic cervical MRI showed the compression and he underwent an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at C5-C6 and C6-C7 without complications. Case 2 is a 19-year-old female with progressive right hand weakness. After numerous investigations, a dynamic cervical MRI diagnosed her with HD with classic findings and she underwent an ACDF at C6-C7 without complications. Conclusions: Hiryama’s disease is rare, but should be kept in mind when cervical cord signal changes cannot be explained by standard MRI. Dynamic MRI is imperative to correct diagnosis and anterior fusion shows good outcomes in its management.
P.095 Soft tissue preserving direct multilevel pars repair using the ‘Smiley Face’ technique with 3D optical imaging based intraoperative spinal navigation
Authors: Voisin MR , Witiw CD , Deorajh R , Oremakinde A , Wang S , Yang V
Published: June 2017

Background: Two broad categories for the surgical management of symptomatic spondylolysis exist: decompression, or direct reduction and fixation. Direct fixation can maintain mobility and leads to improved outcomes over spinal fusion. The ‘smiley face’ technique is a direct fixation method of pars defect repair that uses one bent rod to reduce the number of linkage points and simplify the construct. Methods: Bilateral pars defects at L3 and L5 were repaired using the ‘smiley face’ technique. Patient reported outcomes, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain were assessed preoperatively and again at 6 weeks postoperatively. Results: The patient underwent a soft tissue preserving multi-level bilateral L3 and L5 pars defect repair using the smiley face technique while utilizing radiation-free 3D optical imaging to capture multiple points for registration despite minimal laminar exposure. The patient’s ODI and lower back VAS scores decreased from 25 to 8 and 7.5 to 4 respectively, after surgery, correlating to an excellent outcome on ODI. Conclusions: The smiley face technique can be used with soft tissue preserving techniques to achieve adequate bony reduction while maintaining intersegmental mobility in patients with multi-level pars defects. 3D imaging allows soft tissue preservation with increased registration points for intraoperative navigation.
P.099 The history of neurosurgery in Victoria, BC
Authors: Reid RA
Published: June 2017

Background: Neurosurgery was first practiced in Victoria, BC in the 1950’s. It has grown from 1 neurosurgeon to 6 neurosurgeons today. Methods: Research into the beginning of Neurosurgery in Victoria demonstrates that it started with one surgeon and has grown significantly over the past 60 plus years. Results: Although Neurosugery started in Victoria with humble beginnings it has now developed into a sophisticated unit with 6 neurosurgeons with various subspeciality interests including complex and minimally invasive spine, cerebrovascular and neuro-oncology. Conclusions: The Neurosurgery division in Victoria has grown over the years from a single surgeon to 6 surgeons practicing a wide scope of neurosurgical procedures.
A.02 Assessing visual functions in children with an optic pathway glioma using steady-state visual evoked potentials
Authors: Zakaib Rassi S , Ospina L , Samson Y , Saint-Amour D , Perreault S
Published: June 2017

Background: Optic pathway gliomas (OPG) represent 5% of pediatric brain tumours. Visual acuity measures are used to evaluate treatment response. Current clinical tests to assess visual field integrity are subjective and require verbal cooperation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (ssVEPs) to measure visual field integrity in a non-invasive and objective manner. Methods: SsVEPs were obtained in ten children with OPGs and 42 controls ages 3 to 21. The stimuli consisted of two circular dartboard patterns stimulating fovea and peripheral zones at two flickering frequencies, so that central and peripheral visual fields could be assessed simultaneously. The test consisted of eight stimuli presentations of 10 seconds. Results: Results indicate significantly lower ssVEP amplitudes in children with OPGs (M=2.52, 95% CI [1.13, 3.92]) compared to controls (M=13.26, 95% CI [8.85, 17.67]) in the central visual field (p=.021). However, no between group differences were detected in the peripheral field (p >.05). There were no significant differences between age groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: This objective, affordable, and non-invasive method appears to be effective in detecting central visual field deficits in children with OPGs rapidly and consistently.
B.05 Hemi-laryngopharyngeal spasm (HELPS) syndrome: The discovery, cure, and characterization of a new neurological condition
Authors: Honey C , Morrison M
Published: June 2017

Background: We published the world’s first case of hemi-laryngpharyngeal spasm (HELPS) syndrome cured by microvascular decompression (MVD) of the Xth cranial nerve in 2016. We now present a small cohort of patients (n=3) successfully treated with surgery in order to better delineate the common characteristics of this syndrome, diagnostic tests of choice, nuances of their surgical care and outcomes of their treatment. Methods: The history and physical examination of three patients with HELPS syndrome are presented. Pre-operative laryngoscopy, neuroimaging, response to botox and intra-operative videos are detailed. Post-operative outcome and complications are presented. Results: Each patient reported similar motor (choking) and sensory (coughing) features in their history. Episodic choking relentlessly progressed over the years until it occurred while sleeping and with frightening severity prompting tracheostomy in one patient and intubation in another. A “tickling” sensation deep in the throat triggered episodic coughing that worsened over the years until it occurred while sleeping and with frightening severity (syncope and incontinence). Conclusions: A review of the literature suggests that patients with similar symptoms, often called episodic laryngospasm in the past, have been treated with psychotherapy or antacids. With the recognition that a clearly defined subset of these patients have HELPS syndrome, we can offer them the potential of a neurosurgical cure.
C.02 Delayed new-onset hormone dysfunction following complete and incomplete resection of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Han J , Hebb AL , Imran SA , Clarke DB
Published: June 2017

Background: Post-operative delayed hormone dysfunction (DHD) in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) is highly variable and is predicted based on limited evidence. This study was undertaken to assess the likelihood of developing new DHD and its relation to the extent of tumor resection and recurrence. Methods: Four hundred fifty-five prospectively collected patient files were reviewed from our Program’s database. Inclusion criteria: NFPA; underwent surgery; and minimum follow-up of two years. Tumor recurrence was correlated with DHD (starting one year post-operatively) based on standardized annual imaging and hormone testing. Results: Eighty-nine patients met our inclusion criteria: 39 males and 50 females; mean follow-up was 4.3yrs (ranging from 2 to 11yrs). With no post-op residual tumor, the probability of developing DHD was only 7% by six years; no patient in this group developed DHD after three years of follow-up. In contrast, by six years, the probability of DHD was 33% in patients with residual stable tumor, and 54% in those with tumor recurrence/growth. Conclusions: By six years, approximately one third of patients with incomplete resection, and over half with tumor regrowth, will likely develop DHD. In contrast, the risk of DHD with complete tumor resection is <10% and, when seen, occurs within three years of surgery.
Social media text normalization for Turkish
Authors: ERYİǦİT GÜLŞEN , TORUNOǦLU-SELAMET DİLARA
Published: June 2017

Text normalization is an indispensable stage in processing noncanonical language from natural sources, such as speech, social media or short text messages. Research in this field is very recent and mostly on English. As is known from different areas of natural language processing, morphologically rich languages (MRLs) pose many different challenges when compared to English. Turkish is a strong representative of MRLs and has particular normalization problems that may not be easily solved by a single-stage pure statistical model. This article introduces the first work on the social media text normalization of an MRL and presents the first complete social media text normalization system for Turkish. The article conducts an in-depth analysis of the error types encountered in Web 2.0 Turkish texts, categorizes them into seven groups and provides solutions for each of them by dividing the candidate generation task into separate modules working in a cascaded architecture. For the first time in the literature, two manually normalized Web 2.0 datasets are introduced for Turkish normalization studies. The exact match scores of the overall system on the provided datasets are 70.40 per cent and 67.37 per cent (77.07 per cent with a case insensitive evaluation).
Proposed Federal Budget Heightens Hurricane Risk
Authors: McEntee Chris
Published: June 2017

The health, welfare, and livelihood of millions depend upon our elected officials’ continued and robust support for hurricane research.