bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Physical, Mechanical and Acoustic Properties of Arundo donax L. Biomass in Low Pressure and Temperature Particleboards
Authors: Ferrandez-García Maria Teresa , Ferrandez-Garcia Antonio , Garcia-Ortuño Teresa , Ferrandez-Garcia Clara Eugenia , Ferrandez-Villena Manuel
Published: June 2020

Traditionally, plant fibres have been used as a raw material for manufacturing construction materials; however, in the last century, they have been replaced by new mineral and synthetic materials with manufacturing processes that consume a large amount of energy. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanical, physical and acoustic properties of panels made from giant reed residues. The article focuses on evaluating the acoustic absorption of the boards for use in buildings. The materials used were reed particles and urea–formaldehyde was used as an adhesive. The panels were produced with three particle sizes and the influence that this parameter had on the properties of the board was evaluated. To determine the absorption coefficient, samples were tested at frequencies ranging from 50 to 6300 Hz. The results showed that the boards had a medium absorption coefficient for the low and high frequency range, with significant differences depending on the particle size. The boards with 2–4 mm particles could be classified as Class D sound absorbers, while boards with particle sizes of 0.25–1 mm showed the greatest sound transmission loss. Unlike the acoustic properties, the smaller the particle size used, the better the mechanical properties of the boards. The results showed that this may be an appropriate sound insulation material for commercial use.
Role of Changes in State of Bound Water and Tissue Stiffness in Development of Age-Related Diseases
Authors: Kerch Garry
Published: June 2020

An essential effect of environmental stiffness on biological processes in cells at present is generally accepted. An increase in arterial stiffness with advanced age has been reported in many publications. The aim of the present review is to summarize current information about possible chemical reactions and physical processes that lead to tissue stiffening and result in age-related diseases in order to find methods that can prevent or retard time-dependent tissue stiffening. The analysis of published data shows that bound water acts as a plasticizer of biological tissues, a decrease in bound water content results in an increase in biological tissue stiffness, and increased tissue stiffness leads to NF-kB activation and triggered actin polymerization—NF-kB activation is associated with age-related diseases. It can be suggested that changes in bound water content through changing tissue stiffness can affect cellular processes and the development of pathologies related to aging. Both age-related diseases and COVID-19 may be associated with tight-junction disruption and increased tissue stiffness and permeability.
Mercerization Optimization of Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite Structures Using a Box–Behnken Design
Authors: Hassan Mohamad Zaki , Roslan Siti Amni , Sapuan S. M. , Rasid Zainudin A. , Mohd Nor Ariff Farhan , Md Daud Mohd Yusof , Dolah Rozzeta , Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Zuhri
Published: June 2020

The objective of this research is to optimize the alkaline treatment variables, including sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, soaking, and drying time, that influence the mechanical behavior of bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. In this study, a Box–Behnken design (BBD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to design an experiment to investigate the mercerization effect of bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. The evaluation of predicted tensile strength as a variable parameter of bamboo fiber (Bambusa vulgaris) reinforced epoxy composite structures was determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the quadratic model. In this study, a total of 17 experiment runs were measured and a significant regression for the coefficient between the variables was obtained. Further, the triangular and square core structures made of treated and untreated bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were tested under compressive loading. It was found that the optimum mercerization condition lies at 5.81 wt.% of the NaOH, after a soaking time of 3.99 h and a drying time of 72 h. This optimum alkaline treatment once again had a great effect on the structures whereby all the treated composite cores with square and triangular structures impressively outperformed the untreated bamboo structures. The treated triangular core of bamboo reinforced composites gave an outstanding performance compared to the treated and untreated square core composite structures for compressive loading and specific energy absorbing capability.
Identification of Inundation Using Low-Resolution Images from Traffic-Monitoring Cameras: Bayes Shrink and Bayesian Segmentation
Authors: Wu Yin Chao , Noh Seong Jin , Ham Suyun
Published: June 2020

This study presents a comparative assessment of image enhancement and segmentation techniques to automatically identify the flash flooding from the low-resolution images taken by traffic-monitoring cameras. Due to inaccurate equipment in severe weather conditions (e.g., raindrops or light refraction on camera lenses), low-resolution images are subject to noises that degrade the quality of information. De-noising procedures are carried out for the enhancement of images by removing different types of noises. For the comparative assessment of de-noising techniques, the Bayes shrink and three conventional methods are compared. After the de-noising, image segmentation is implemented to detect the inundation from the images automatically. For the comparative assessment of image segmentation techniques, k-means segmentation, Otsu segmentation, and Bayesian segmentation are compared. In addition, the detection of the inundation using the image segmentation with and without de-noising techniques are compared. The results indicate that among de-noising methods, the Bayes shrink with the thresholding discrete wavelet transform shows the most reliable result. For the image segmentation, the Bayesian segmentation is superior to the others. The results demonstrate that the proposed image enhancement and segmentation methods can be effectively used to identify the inundation from low-resolution images taken in severe weather conditions. By using the principle of the image processing presented in this paper, we can estimate the inundation from images and assess flooding risks in the vicinity of local flooding locations. Such information will allow traffic engineers to take preventive or proactive actions to improve the safety of drivers and protect and preserve the transportation infrastructure. This new observation with improved accuracy will enhance our understanding of dynamic urban flooding by filling an information gap in the locations where conventional observations have limitations.
A Survey of Pressure Control Approaches in Water Supply Systems
Authors: Mosetlhe Thapelo C. , Hamam Yskandar , Du Shengzhi , Monacelli Eric
Published: June 2020

Pressure control in water distribution networks (WDNs) provides an avenue for improving both their sustainability and reliability. The complexities of the networks make the problem more challenging as various situational operations must be accounted for to ensure that the entire system performs under recommended conditions. In general, this problem is addressed by the installation of pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in WDNs and determining their appropriate settings. Researchers have proposed the utilization of several control techniques. However, the limitations of both computational and financial resources have compelled the researchers to investigate the possibility of limiting the PRVs while ensuring their control is sufficient for the entire system. Several approaches have been put forward to mitigate this sub-problem of the pressure control problem. This paper presents a review of existing techniques to solve both the localization of PRVs and their control problems. It dwells briefly on the classification of these methods and subsequently highlights their merits and demerits. Despite the available literature, it can be noted that the solution methods are yet to be harmonized. As a result, various avenues of research areas are available. This paper further presents the possible research areas that could be exploited in this domain.
Research on Hydraulic Safety Assessment of Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Cheng Weiping , Shen Yongxin , Zhang Xing , Xu Gang , Zhu Zipeng , Long Zhihong
Published: June 2020

There are two key issues in the safety assessment of the water distribution system (WDS). One is how to evaluate the safety levels of water supply for customers, while the other is how to describe the importance of a pipe for the global or local WDS. The water demand guarantee rate (DGR) and the water demand failure rate (DFR) are proposed. The mathematical expectations of the DGR and DFR describe the average customer’s water safety levels for the first issue. Moreover, the unit influence of pipe failure (UIPF) is put forward for the second issue. It describes the importance of the pipe for the global or local system. Several cases show how to calculate the above values with the pressure-driven model. It is also shown how to find key pipelines in the WDS. The results show that the method can provide an effective reference for real-life WDS management.
Exploring the Clustering Property and Network Structure of a Large-Scale Basin’s Precipitation Network: A Complex Network Approach
Authors: Xu Yiran , Lu Fan , Zhu Kui , Song Xinyi , Dai Yanyu
Published: June 2020

Understanding of the spatial connections in rainfall is a challenging and essential groundwork for reliable modeling of catchment processes. Recent developments in network theory offer new avenues to understand of the spatial variability of rainfall. The Yellow River Basin (YRB) in China is spatially extensive, with pronounced environmental gradients driven primarily by precipitation and air temperature on broad scales. Therefore, it is an ideal region to examine the availability of network theory. The concepts of clustering coefficient, degree distribution and small-world network are employed to investigate the spatial connections and architecture of precipitation networks in the YRB. The results show that (1) the choice of methods has little effect on the precipitation networks, but correlation thresholds significantly affected vertex degree and clustering coefficient values of precipitation networks; (2) the spatial distribution of the clustering coefficient appears to be high–low–high from southeast to northwest and the vertex degree is the opposite; (3) the precipitation network has small-world properties in the appropriate threshold range. The findings of this paper could help researchers to understand the spatial rainfall connections of the YRB and, therefore, become a foundation for developing a hydrological model in further studies.
Assessing Hydrological Connectivity Mitigated by Reservoirs, Vegetation Cover, and Climate in Yan River Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China: The Network Approach
Authors: Zhao Liang , Liu Yu , Luo Yong
Published: June 2020

Hydrologic connectivity is related to the water-mediated transport of matter, energy, and organisms within or between elements of the hydrologic cycle. It reflects the hydrological consequences caused by topographic, land cover, and climatic factors, and is an important tool to characterize and predict the hydrological responses to climate and landscape change. In the Loess Plateau region, a large number of reservoirs have been constructed to trap sediment and storage water for drinking, irrigation, and industries. The land cover has been significantly reshaped in the past decades. These changes may alter the watershed hydrological connectivity. In this study, we mapped the spatial pattern of hydrological connectivity with consideration of reservoir impedances, mitigation of climate, and land cover in the Yan River watershed on the Loess Plateau by using the network index (NI) approach that is based on topographical wetness index. Three wetness indices were used, i.e., topographical wetness index (TWI), SAGA (System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses) wetness index (WIS), and wetness index adopted aridity index (AI) determined by precipitation and evapotranspiration (WIPE). In addition, the effective catchment area (ECA) was also employed to reveal the connectivity of reservoirs and river networks to water source areas. Results show that ECA of reservoirs and rivers account for 35% and 65%, respectively; the hydrological connectivity to the reservoir was lower than that to the river networks. The normalized hydrological connectivity revealed that the connectivity to river channels maintained the same distribution pattern but with a decreased range after construction of reservoirs. As revealed by comparing the spatial patterns of hydrological connectivity quantified by NI based on WIS and WIPE respectively, vegetation cover patterns had significantly alternated watershed hydrological connectivity. These results imply a decreased volume of flow in river channels after reservoir construction, but with same temporal period of flow dynamic. It is illustrated that the network index (NI) is suitable to quantify the hydrological connectivity and it is dynamic in the context of human intervention and climate change.
An Agroforestry Consortium: A Multiderminant in Instituting an Agrisilviculture System to Improve Welfare
Authors: Surya Darma , Siti Maria , Dirga Lestari , Caisar Darma Dio
Published: June 2020

Indonesia as the largest forest owner has a huge potential in exploration. Before 1997, Indonesia had lost 91,924,300 ha of forest due to deforestation. The government bodies just planted a thousand trees with no supervision and follow-up, so most of them were damaged and did not meet expectations. This research is carried out descriptively and qualitatively. The study is informed by the secondary data from the research library and from the relevant Government Agencies. The concept of an agroforestry consortium was based on a multi determination governance as a function, academics, education, audio-visual training system, and organizational institutions, and management rights’ holders to implement forest transfers. Land rights are ensured by financial institutions and advocacy. The agroforestry consortium as a facility for farmers which will accommodate inputs in developing human resources, capital, and forest land, which will later be allocated to farmers. In post-production, farmers will provide instalments of credit and forest products for agroforestry consortia. Thus, the funds can be channelled to financial institutions and forest products to practitioners. The agroforestry consortium is expected to ensure the welfare of the inhabitants in East Kalimantan Province.
The Nexus between Education and Economic Growth: Analyzing Empirically a Case of Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Jamel Lamia , Ltaifa Monia Ben , Elnagar Ahmed K , Derbali Abdelkader , Lamouchi Ali
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the nexus between education accumulation and economic growth for a sample of middle-income countries through panel data regressions. The sample consists of 28 middle-income countries from various continents: North Africa and the Middle East (6 countries), sub-Saharan Africa (7 countries), Latin America and the Caribbean (8 countries), East Asia and the Pacific (3 countries), and Europe and Central Asia (4 countries). Education is measured by quantitative (average years of labour force study) and qualitative indicators (student scores on international assessments of educational achievements). To test the impact of education accumulation on GDP per capita growth, a static panel is used during the period of study from 1970 to 2014. A dynamic panel is also being developed to estimate the effect of the education stock on the growth rate of GDP per capita. The results confirm the positive and significant impact of the education quantity and quality on economic growth, both in level and variation. The stock of education and its increase are positively affecting the growth. Moreover, this paper’s original findings suggest that the quality of education is more significant than its quantity.
New Policies, Measures and Responsibilities of Polluting Industries: A Case Study of the Egyptian Industries
Authors: El – Ragehy Eid , Salman Doaa
Published: June 2020

The paper provides a new approach to estimating the damage resulting from industrial wastewater. The measurement method proposed can be applied for all industries to determine the damage resulting from wastewater and to compare it with the environmental load of each pollutant. These measures help identify the environmental responsibility of a particular firm for a specific period and a level of pollution. Furthermore, they are to determine clearly the main industries that are accountable for the highest environmental damage according to the water pollutant loads. During March 2019, the proposed approach was tested on Abu Qir industries that are located in Egypt. Results urge for applying the proposed measures to wastewater pollutions, as well as for updating the current legislation to stimulate a management system’s efficiency. Results showed that phenol accounts for the highest percentage in paper production, followed by OILY pollutant in fertilizer production, COD and BOD in paper production and TSS in fertilizer manufacturing. Determining accurately the environmental responsibility for damages accelerates the spread of the clean industries.
Pedagogy in the Time of Pandemic
Authors: Bonk Robert , Kefalaki Margarita , Rudolph Jürgen , Diamantidaki Fotini , Rekar Munro Carolin , Karanicolas Sophie , Kontoleon Paraskevi , Pogner Karl-Heinz
Published: June 2020

Pandemic—the global spread of an initially local disease like COVID-19—bluntly forces us to stop. How do we respond in higher education to such stopping? Whether at the government level, for our universities, or in our classrooms, no existing playbook prescribes the pathway for dealing with a global pandemic of this magnitude, even now as we emerge from total lockdown to the potential for a new tomorrow. What we have done at this juncture is to capture anecdotal responses within and across countries that may highlight trends for later consideration. Unlike a globalised response that would adopt one approach internationally, our study considers adaptations for local differences in a glocalised set of responses in an attempt to identify new paradigms that reconceptualise not only teaching and learning, but also assessment. Our responses to the pandemic require leadership—from all of us—to leverage a firm and steady presence, care and compassion for each other, and prudent decision-making. Moreover, identified issues indicate shared threads across the seven institutions of higher education in this research. From a localised perspective emerge responses at the curricular, institutional, and technological levels. First, changes to courses and curricula must respond to emotional needs of students when transitioning from face-to-face (or hybrid) to online delivery; nevertheless, faculty must ensure that academic rigour is not sacrificed in the process. Second, the mission and value of higher education must indicate that institutions will recommit to faculty support beyond emergency remote teaching; furthermore, a sense of campus community needs to be nurtured. Third, the needs of students and faculty must drive the choices of technology—not the reverse—when determining how to transition to online deliveries; in short, administrators must reprioritise factors used in decision-making. Moreover, a glocalised synthesis of responses across all institutions and levels identifies four clustered themes. First, the disruption of the pandemic may lead to innovations in higher education. Second, the role of faculty is becoming redefined beyond content-specific disciplines. Third, educational models must expand to include individuals other than traditional students. Fourth, rigorous pedagogical scholarship, including leadership, will point to new educational insights. Overall, we stand at the crossroads. Rather than being defined by the pandemic, let us seize the opportunity to transform higher education from a paradigm that has been to the paradigm of what might be.
Leading with Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Altamirano Michael Anibal , Rios-Collazo Carlos
Published: June 2020

Strategically inclined organizations recognize the role of emergency management in their plans to address "worst case scenarios”. The world has been impacted with unprecedented challenges permeating all kinds of civil structures. The COVID-19 disease, a simple micro-organic form of life, has destroyed global markets and people. In the United States, approximately 881,000 Americans have lost their jobs in the month of April 2020 alone (USDL, 2020). In terms of American education, the higher learning community has been forced to spin on its axis when public health measures have forced traditional colleges and universities to suspend residential learning, faculty staff have been laid-off and/or furloughed, and institutions continue to see their doors closed to their residential student body (Rosowsky, 2020). In response to the previous, this article describes how a small educational institution serving a diverse group of urban, under-represented, and international adult students managed to successfully operate amid the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. The discussion provides insights on leadership initiatives that rely on emotional intelligence to maintain student retention, enrollment, and motivation, and to protect its human capital. The findings seek to provide new and enlightened perspectives that may aid challenged leaders among comparable institutions to better formulate operational responses that will help them to successfully address current and future operational crises.
ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРИВАТНЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО ЯК МЕХАНІЗМ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ
Authors: Tereshchenko  D. 
Published: June 2020

Статтю присвячено дослідженню можливості використання державно-приватного партнерства як механізму розвитку людського капіталу в Україні.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ
Authors: Kruhоvyi D.  D. 
Published: June 2020

Висвітлено особливості становлення політичної безпеки Української держави на сучасному етапі розвитку, загрози та виклики, що стоять перед українським суспільством. Акцентовано увагу на важливості розроблення та реалізації ефективної політики національної безпеки у внутрішньополітичній сфері. Досліджується інституційне забезпечення політичної безпеки.

Зазначається, що для забезпечення внутрішньополітичної стабільності й недопущення соціальної напруженості необхідний постійний активний моніторинг загроз безпеці людини, суспільства та держави й на цій основі – розроблення відповідної державної політики національної безпеки та своєчасна її реалізація.
РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ СУЧАСНОЇ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ У СФЕРІ КУЛЬТУРИ ТА ОРІЄНТИРИ РОЗВИТКУ В УМОВАХ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОЇ РЕФОРМИ
Authors: Usachenko  A. 
Published: June 2020

На засадах теоретико-методологічного обґрунтування розроблено науково-практичні рекомендації щодо визначення орієнтирів розвитку державної політики України у сфері культури в умовах проведення адміністративної реформи. Встановлено, що реалізація сучасної державної політики у сфері культури здійснюється в умовах адміністративного реформування, що, у свою чергу, передбачає певні орієнтири розвитку, зокрема: спрощення структури управління, заохочування міжсекторної взаємодії та міжміністерські заходи, упровадження засобів електронного врядування, виокремлення адміністративних процесів тощо, що відповідає цілям і завданням Стратегії реформування державного управління на 2016–2020 рр.
УПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ОРГАНІВ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ КРАЇН, ЩО РОЗВИВАЮТЬСЯ: ДОСВІД ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Fisenko  N. 
Published: June 2020

Окреслено засади упровадження інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій у діяльність органів публічного управління країн, що розвиваються. Визначено, що дискурс розвитку має конкретні матеріальні наслідки для країн, що розвиваються, зокрема для сфери розвитку ІКТ.
Magic Realism in Flowers: Karnad’s Post-Modern World of Folkloric Fantasy
Authors: Kulkarni Prafull D
Published: June 2020

“Magic realism” is a recent literary technique that contains a latent amalgamation of fantastic or mythical elements into an otherwise realistically narrated fiction. The theme and subject of such a literary work are often imaginary, somewhat outlandish and fantastic and always reflect into a dream-like reverie. It further marks the miscellaneous use of myths, legends and fairy tales, and an expressionistic description of an arcane situation leading to the element of surprise or abrupt shock. In literary discourses, the term is primarily associated with the post-modern novel of the Americas. Girish Karnad’s dramatic monologue, Flowers, however, bears all the elements of this literary phenomenon. This short play could also be labeled as a dramatized novel and is a simple tale of a priest caught in an agonized conflict between his devotion to God and his love for a courtesan. However, Karnad’s creative genius turns this conflict into a scintillating portrayal of the sexual urge of a priest interspersed with his feelings of religious devotion and familial duties through the technique of magic realism and, in the process, questions god’s authority in the postmodern world. The play is an attempt by Karnad for the first time in his playwriting career “to focus on male than a female desire.” It presents an interesting picture of the bizarre human world full of magic and its realistic social impressions. The present article attempts to shed some light on this aspect of Karnad through the thematic exploration of the flowers.
Social Paradigms in Mahasweta Devi’s Rudali
Authors: Niranjana Sundari M , Rashila M R
Published: June 2020

Contemporary research has primarily focused on different strategies of Marginalisation. Marginalization mein ans ‘to make somebody feel as they are not important and cannot influence decisions or conclusions, or to put somebody in a powerless position. Mahaswetha Devi’s Rudali focuses on the two women who flourish in a partnership for survival. The novel represents the struggle of Sanichari suppressed against poverty, humiliation, and demolished by an exploitative patriarchal caste-bases social system. This paper focuses on how the character Sanichari undertakes the different situations to survive in society.
Social and Revolutionary Ideas in Bharathidasan’s Epic, Kannagi
Authors: Vijayakumar S
Published: June 2020

The Revolutionary poet Bharathidasa’s has created a special place for himself in the twentieth century. In those days it was considered that the ‘Anna Chathiram’(Food Oblation Centre) maintained by people was moral duty. Unfortunately this is not practiced in the present. It needs reformation. “In the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Dr. Annadurai has compared the American poet Walt Whitman and Bharathidasa and has also called Walt Whitman has America’s Bharathidhasan” (Revolutionary poet P.Muthiah P-63). Bharathidas argues that brides (women) are not inanimate objects handed over by father to the bridegrooms. From this argument of Bharathidasa’s to facts are revealed. One is to lead married life and another is to remain chaste.Bharathidasa’s ideology of opposing God and respecting man has revealed his reformational attitude. Further he has also registered his ideas on the duty of women new liberation, political aspects and superstitious beliefs. Silapathigaram and Manimegalai are two great revolutionary epics in Tamil. As a revolutionary poet Bharathidhasan has also created epics of revolutionary ideas.
Nan X Ni Mozhi Amaippu Nokil: Ierpin Perumalar Kavithai Pirathi
Authors: Chandran A
Published: June 2020

There are two forms of reading in the Tamil literary context: the creation of the creator and the reading of the creation. Of these two reading modes, researchers are more concerned with the method of reading the work. More specifically, the need to explore the opposite properties of the language I (naan) x you (ni), which emerges in poetry, is now needed. This way of studying will lead to a complete understanding of creation and the mind of the Creator. The purpose of this article is to try to read the poetry of Mr. S. Shanmugam’s Grace of Attraction. As you read this, you can see that most of the poems in the copy are built on the equation I (naan) x you (ni)= we (naam).
A.K.Chettiar’s Documentary on Mahatma Gandhi - An Over View
Authors: Ravichandran T
Published: June 2020

Mahatma Gandhi, popularly known as the Father of the nation, wasnot only a preacher but a committed practical idealist. For want of some earning he went to South Africa but totally transformed himself into a liberator of the downtrodden, suppressed Indian community. He successfully invented the weapon of ‘Satyagraha’ and retained the lost human right for the Indians in South Africa. He also did the same in India to politically liberatethe country from the British. Gandhi was a multi-faceted personality. He was a Lawyer, Journalist, Writer, Biographer, Ashram builder, great thinker, a Political leader, a spiritualist, a Constructive Worker and above all a humane person who practiced Truth and Nonviolence till his last breath.A.K.Chettiar was a Tamil Documentary Film Maker, Journalist and Traveloque writer. He ventured a priceless documentary on Mahatma Gandhi. A.K.Chettiar widely travelled in England, USA, South Africa and India. He met and filmed innumerable number of leaders like Romain Rolland, Maria Montessori, Sir C.V.Raman, Dr.S.Radhakrishnan, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, C.F.Andrews and many others. He collected about 50,000 feet (15,000 m) of film footage, edited them into 12,000 feet (3,700 m). That documentary film was released on 23rd August 1940 in Chennai. Later the Hindi Version was shown on 15th Aug. 1947 in Delhi and later the English version was shown in Los Angeles in the U.S. Without his efforts, many live pictures of Mahatma Gandhi would not have been available for us. His documentary, In the Footsteps of the Mahatma. Without him, we would not have got the opportunity to see the valuable footages of Gandhiji.
Being Away from Purun: Women’s Experiences in Peatland Area of Hulu Sungai Utara, South Kalimantan
Authors: Maslahah Enik
Published: June 2020

Purun is a typical plant that grow in peatland area that has important functions for people living in peatland area. The availability of purun is now decreasing due to changes in land management and environmental destruction. Almost all of the plantation commodities in the peatlands area, management of peatlands in the forestry, agriculture, plantation and fisheries sectors apply exploitative and pragmatic methods, while ignoring environmental sustainability. Furthermore, environmental damage also occurs due to disasters such as forest and land fires that often occur in peatland areas in Indonesia. One of the damages happen to peatland area is the damage and scarcity of purun. As users and beneficiaries of purun, women become the affected group that face  the impact of peatland destruction. This paper describes the experiences and efforts of women in peatland areas to restore land and restore the existence of purun in their villages.

 
Women Fighting Peatland Fire: Rural Women’s Experiences in Central Kalimantan and Riau Provinces
Authors: Indirastuti Catharina
Published: June 2020

Forest and land fire that repeatedly destroyed million hectares of peatland in Indonesia is a result of unsustainable peatland governance for many years. Rural women and men living in peatland have different experiences with forest and land fire. Intersectionality between gender and class, geographical location, and ethnicity further add nuances to these different experiences.   This article explores women experiences in fighting peat forest and land fire in 3 target villages of Peat Care Village Program led by Peat Restoration Agency in Central Kalimantan and Riau. Power network that women must endure and a priori on gendered roles and responsibilities weaken women’s position in fighting peatland fire. Women do not have access to resources given to prevent and fight against forest and land fire, while in reality fire fighting activities require women’s involvement especially when it happened in their land or living space. Women experiences in facing peat forest and land fire is reflected using feminist political ecology approach to highlight the multiple impacts that women experience.
Movilización política y construcción de agendas reivindicativas: reflexiones sobre el proceso de organización sectorial de la agricultura familiar en el marco del Foro por un Programa Agrario Soberano y Popular
Authors: Pérez Sebastián , Urcola Marcos
Published: June 2020

La primera década y media del siglo XXI se caracterizó por la influencia del MERCOSUR en la difusión entre sus países miembros de políticas públicas para la promoción de la agricultura familiar. Desde entonces, este concepto sirvió como referencia para la articulación entre actores agro-rurales diversos. Este proceso incrementó el número de asociaciones locales que se han articulado en Consejos y Foros para debatir sobre políticas sectoriales en Argentina. El abandono de las políticas de agricultura familiar por el nuevo gobierno nacional electo en 2015, y el subsecuente contexto de crisis económica y social desde 2018 abrió un período de redefinición de intereses entre los actores de la agricultura familiar, dando lugar a la creación del primer Foro Nacional por un Programa Agrario Soberano y Popular en 2019. En este artículo buscamos reflexionar sobre los procesos de movilización política que ha generado dicho espacio, así como reconstruir críticamente las agendas sectoriales resultantes de este proceso colectivo. Para ello nos serviremos de los documentos organizacionales y registros personales relevados en el Foro nacional y su versión provincial en el Foro Agrario Santafesino Soberano y Popular.
LUCIO FONTANA AND ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Ferriani Barbara
Published: June 2020

Lucio Fontana’s collaboration with architects, which continued to progress over the entire period of his creative experience along with his more famous artistic and spatial production, offered important opportunities for experimentation and research. The artist worked with architects such as Luigi Figini, Gino Pollini, Giò Ponti, Luciano Baldessari, Marco Zanuso, Osvaldo Borsani and Ico Parisi, and it was actually the architects who first intuited the innovative scope of his research. It involved works of a temporary nature carried out for exhibitions, trade fairs and celebrations of historical events, some of which went missing at the end of the events, but also some that became an integral part of extant architecture. Indeed, the artist made numerous environmental works for public buildings, hotels, cinemas and private homes, using traditional materials such as ceramics, mosaics and plaster, as well as new media such as fluorescent colours, black lights, neon lights, and more. As often happens, and as needs and tastes changed, the works were decontextualized and assumed a different connotation.Here below is a description of the choices made during three of the seven restorations we carried out in the last few years on environmental works created by Fontana between the mid-1940s and the end of the 1950s, which were taken from their original location and moved to new sites.
„BEFORE WE UNDERSTAND WHAT WE ARE DOING, WE NEED TO KNOW HOW WE THINK”
Authors: Jakobs Dörthe
Published: June 2020

The article deals with an interesting debate following a project that started with the question raised by the press: “Why not overpaint or reconstruct the missing parts of a famous wall painting?” and concluded with a panel discussion that conveyed a better understanding of restoration theories on the part of both the press and the parish. Moreover, part of the project featured an exhibition to communicate the basis of our restoration theories and understanding, whilst requesting a dialogue with the priest and the parish; so, they might communicate their intentions and opportunely discuss theological interpretations with regard to the missing part in the wall-painting, which was important for us in reaching an understanding of the principles behind their ideas.
VIRTUAL CONSERVATION-RESTORATION VS. ACTUAL CONSERVATION-RESTORATION IN THE CONSERVATION OF FRAGMENTARY ARTEFACTS: THE CASE STUDY FRESCOES FROM SYBARIS - COPIA (ITALY)
Authors: Muca Sokol
Published: June 2020

This article discusses the role that new digital technologies play on conservation-restoration of fragmentary artefacts. Above all, the use of these tools is essential in case the artefacts have lost the formal unity and reach us without documentation concerning their original position, as in the case of the Roman frescoes from Sybaris, object of this study. The creation of virtual models proves as fundamental for the material and formal recomposition of the artefacts, especially in the creation of a new support and display choices. This last aspect required an analysis on the effects that virtual reconstructions and augmented reality have on visitors.
CONSERVATION-RESTORATION AND CONSERVATION SCIENCE - THE CHALLENGE OF TRANSDISCIPLINARITY
Authors: Noll-Minor Mechthild
Published: June 2020

Transdisciplinarity has shaped the development of both conservation science and conservation-restoration. The history of conservation science demands the commitment of all involved specialists to follow a common vision in the field. The present article highlights some key lessons to assist in closing the gap between the promotion of high-level research projects and the development and assessment of proficient professional practice in conservation science and conservation-restoration. The necessary framework conditions should also be brought to the attention of responsible politicians.Reflecting on conservation theory and practice “at the turn of the millennium” I propose to take a closer look at interdisciplinary work devoted to maintenance of Cultural Heritage since the beginning of the 20th century.
QUALITY PARAMETERS IN CONSERVATION-RESTORATION CHOICES – THE CASE OF THE TOWER OF THE WINDS IN ATHENS
Authors: Papadopoulou Maria , Gazi Andromache
Published: June 2020

The chemistry- and physics-based approach of conservation has led to the view that conservator-restorers use quantitative criteria which provide objective choices. Today, however, there is a shift of focus from material-centred to people-oriented approaches within the field of heritage preservation. This shift leads to a redefinition of the conservation-restoration field and its ethics in relation to society and calls for the adoption of diverse methodologies. Within this context, this paper discusses the qualitative factors which inform decision-making processes in conservation-restoration practice. More specifically, the paper examines the case of the so called “Tower of the Winds” in Athens and looks at the quality parameters which informed conservation-restoration work carried out at the Tower during 2014-2015. Overall, it is shown that the prominence of the quality parameters which inform contemporary conservation-restoration practice reveals the subjective dimension of conservation-restoration choices. The research has also showed that current trends tend to emphasize the historical rather than the aesthetic or other values of monuments.
ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN THE CONSERVATION OF THE WALL PAINTINGS OF CHAPEL 11 AT THE SACRO MONTE DI VARALLO
Authors: Piqué Francesca , Jean Giacinta
Published: June 2020

Chapel 11 is one of the 45 chapels of the Sacro Monte di Varallo. It is decorated with 16th century polychrome terracotta statues and wall paintings representing the Massacre of the Innocents. Since 2015, the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI) is in charge of its conservation. Up-close examination of the wall paintings allowed to observe the presence of overpainting, which were evaluated to have no aesthetical and/or technical quality. During the study phase and with preliminary tests for treatment development, it became clear that the removal of this overpaint was risky for the underlying original decoration. Moreover, it was not possible to determine if under the overpainting there was the original layer and in what condition it was. Although IR Reflectography showed the presence of underdrawings, this information did not always coincided with the presence of a paint layer. Considering that the overpainting covers about 80% of the surface, SUPSI strongly advised against embarking on its removal. This conclusion was achieved after several removal attempts and through regular communication meeting with the stakeholders aimed at illustrating the situation and the results achieved. SUPSI considered more ethical to focus on the development of a ‚reversible’ stabilization intervention considering that in the future new technologies (to assess the presence of paintings below and to remove overpainting) could make the recovery of what remains of the original decoration easier.This paper describes the project in terms of the ethical challenges faced when conflicting expectations about the project arised.
UNITÉ DE DOCTRINE – CONTINGENCY OF PRACTICE? TOWARDS A RE-READING OF TWENTIETH CENTURY PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING HERITAGE CONSERVATION
Authors: Putz Andreas
Published: June 2020

The theoretical framework of building heritage conservation is not necessarily a predefined set of tenets and axioms with potentially universal significance, but a result of particular challenges and practices bound in time and place. In this article, the guidelines of building heritage conservation in Switzerland in the last century are outlined briefly with reference to the broader European theoretical discourse. Focusing on the contradictions between the theoretical position and practical work of Linus Birchler, it argues for the necessity to re-read and assess our principles of building heritage conservation in relation to the specific built cases they originated from.
THE VOICE OF CONSERVATION-RESTORATION ON MULTI-DISCIPLINARY RESTORATION PROJECTS
Authors: Røskar Tanja
Published: June 2020

As conservator-restorers we should be „a voice of reason”, an advocate that speaks for the cultural heritage values of our built heritage. However, we are often only one voice in a large group consisting of everything from structural engineers, geologists and carpenters to economic advisors and bureaucrats. Being a conservator-restorer in such settings often turns out to be a great balancing act. On the one hand, we are supposed to protect the buildings against any intervention that will compromise its authenticity and cultural values. On the other hand, we must allow as much protective work as possible to ensure the buildings’ future. Questions that can arise for a conservator-restorer during and after discussions in multi-disciplinary groups are many. Questions that needs answering before work starts. Are the conservator-restorer and the master craftsperson really on each end of the scale in a project, or is it just that we use different words? Is it conservation ethics versus the practical view of the engineer, or can both sides be pragmatic and find a new and possibly better solution? Is it possible that the conservator-restorer and the funding body can meet in the middle, or can that jeopardize the project?
4 Channel Sterilizer Calibrator
Authors: Syayakti Syafiq Naufal , Setioningsih Endang Dian , Sumber Sumber
Published: June 2020

Thermocouple (Thermocouple) is a type of temperature sensor used to detect or measure temperature through two types of metal conductors, whose working principle is that each end of a metal conductor is combined to create a "Thermoelectric" effect. One type of metal conductor contained in a thermocouple will serve as a reference with a constant temperature (fixed), while a metal conductor functions as a metal conductor that detects hot temperatures. Sterilisator is a device used to sterilize medical instruments to avoid the bacteria that attach to the remainder of the use of medical instruments. The temperature of the sterilizer varies but generally for dry sterilizers ranges from 175 ° Celsius. From the above problems, the author wants to develop a "4 Channel Sterilizer Calibrator", Using the Arduino Nano Atmega328 as a minimum system, K type thermocouple and MAX6675 module as a sensor. Measurements were made by comparing modules with standard measuring instruments, obtained the smallest error 0.2% at T3 and T4 when measuring 100 ° C, and the largest 4.4% at T2 when measuring 150 ° C.
Design Dryblock In Digital Thermometer Calibrator Based on Arduino
Authors: Ramadhani Ardelina , Setioningsih Endang Dian , Syaifuddin Syaifuddin
Published: June 2020

Abstrak- Dryblock is a versatile temperature calibrator that works with heating. Most of the dry block using one or more inserts that can be exchanged where the holes are drilled. These holes accommodate various temperature sensors to be calibrated. diameter hole size in accordance with the temperature sensor into tested.The device is very simple way, namely by inserting a thermometer to be calibrated into a hole that has been provided on the tool and will be compared with LM35 temperature readings that already appears on the LCD screen so that it will look at the difference between the thermometer display.This temperature reading and temperature modules have been compared with a calibrated thermometer in BPFK Surabaya, and the biggest mistake in getting the smallest is 0, 2% and 0.1%
Afetuosos abraços e saudades: cartas de Murilo Mendes a Antonio Candido
Authors: Mendes Moema Rodrigues Brandão
Published: June 2020

RESUMO: O fio condutor desta reflexão é divulgar, enquanto fonte de pesquisa literária, a correspondência enviada pelo poeta Murilo Mendes ao crítico, Antonio Candido e sua esposa, Gilda de Mello e Souza. Tal correspondência se encontra sob a guarda do Museu de Arte Murilo Mendes (MAMM) administrado pela Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) nesta mesma cidade em Minas Gerais. São 18 mensagens datadas de 1958 a 1972, distribuídas em 16 cartas e 2 cartões enviados de Roma e de Lisboa. A doação deste lote epistolográfico foi uma ação do ensaísta Antonio Candido no ano de 2009 aconselhado pelo estudioso Murilo Marcondes de Moura que intermediou a captação e entrega deste material ao referido Museu. A relevância desta pesquisa se justifica pelo fato de que nos arquivos, públicos e privados, estão depositadas informações importantes que contribuem para compreensão dos processos sociocultural, intelectual e literário de uma época. É significativo ressaltar que estes documentos de correspondência que estão sendo depositados, em instituições públicas como museus e fundações de importância literária, sejam recolhidos, guardados e preservados no fundo arquivístico do titular em questão com o objetivo de sediar novas pesquisas nesta área do conhecimento.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Murilo Mendes, Antonio Candido, Correspondência, Arquivos.