bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Penerapan Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) Pada Pabrik Kopi Green Bean di Koperasi Baitul Qiradh Baburrayyan Aceh Tengah
Authors: Elfia Risa , Anggriawin Mirza
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAKKoperasi Baitul Qiradh Baburrayyan merupakan koperasi berskala nasional yang menjadi salah satu koperasi dari Indonesia yang mampu mengeskpor kopi ke Amerika dan Eropa. Salah satu faktor pendukung keberhasilan mengekspor kopi ke pasar mancanegara adalah terjaganya mutu dan kualitas kopi, dimulai dari proses penerimaan kopi, proses pengolahan di pabrik, proses pengiriman, hingga sampai ketangan pembeli. Untuk terus menjaga mutu dan kualitas kopi, dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kesesuaian penerapan Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) yang sudah diterapkan di KBQ Baburrayyan dengan standar GMP yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pengumpulan data primer melalui observasi yang dilakukan secara langsung, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Aspek GMP yang diamati meliputi lokasi pabrik, bangunan, fasilitas sanitasi, alat produksi, bahan baku, proses pengolahan, pengemasan, pelabelan, produk akhir, laboratorium, karyawan, penyimpanan, dan pemeliharaan. Secara umum Koperasi Baitul Qiradh Baburrayyan sudah menerapkan aspek-aspek GMP, akan tetapi masih terdapat beberapa aspek yang belum optimal seperti aspek kesehatan dan higiene karyawan serta aspek pemeliharaan. Aspek higiene karyawan meliputi aturan penggunaan atribut kelengkapan kerja (masker, sarung tangan, topi, sepatu dan baju). Aspek pemeliharaan terkait dengan proses pemeliharaan dan pembersihan peralatan serta kebersihan langit-langit bangunan. KBQ Baburrayyan telah menerapkan aspek-aspek GMP di setiap tahapan proses produksi. Namun, masih ada beberapa aspek yang belum optimal seperti penerapan higiene karyawan mengenai aturan memakai kelengkapan atribut seperti masker, sarung tangan, topi, sepatu dan baju khusus untuk bekerja pada saat melakukan kegiatan produksi serta penerapan pemeliharaan khususnya pada bagian langit-langit bangunan dan kebersihan peralatan. Secara keseluruhan KBQ Baburrayyan sudah optimal dalam menjalankan aspek-aspek GMP dipabrik sehingga menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas dan sesuai dengan standar mutu.Kata kunci: Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), kopi, green bean, Takengon
An Odyssey through "Satan's Kingdom": Marines at the 1863 Night Attack on Fort Sumter and Their Experiences as Prisoners of War
Authors: Westermeier Michael
Published: March 2024

The assault on Confederate-controlled Fort Sumter, South Carolina, ended in disaster, and the U.S. Marines who managed to land on its rubble-covered shores would end up in the worst prison in the Confederacy, a place from which most would never return. This article traces their journey and details their ordeal, throughout which Marines demonstrated the qualities and character traits that have defined their Service since its inception. They resisted their captors, largely supported their chain of command while imprisoned, refused to divulge information when interrogated, and sought opportunities to escape and rejoin the fight.
From Mascot to Marine: The Long Walk to the American Military Dog Program
Authors: Phillips Elisabeth J.
Published: March 2024

During World War II, the military dog became synonymous with patriotism and a symbol of the fight for a free world. In the absence of a military dog program at the beginning of the war, the United States was the exception among Western powers. The establishment of an official military dog program during World War II was a critical step in the development of the country’s military. Through the creative collaboration of civilians and military personnel, the K-9 Corps and Dogs for Defense organization produced trained military dogs that had immediate positive impacts on the battlefield. The creation of the American military dog program laid the foundation for the continued utilization of the military dog, served as the proving ground for the capabilities of dogs, and expanded the understanding of how dogs might be used on the battlefield. This piece distinguishes the U.S. Marines’ military dog program separately from the Army’s.
TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU MASYARAKAT PESISIR LINGKUNGAN PATTITANGNGANG KELURAHAN TAKALAR TENTANG PENTINGNYA SANITASI LINGKUNGAN
Authors: HASRIANTI HASRIANTI , NURHASANAH NURHASANAH , RAHMITA RAHMITA
Published: March 2024

Environmental sanitation is an activity that aims to maintain and maximize basic environmental condition standards that will affect human life. Poor environmental sanitation will cause environmental problems. This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and behavior of coastal communities in the Pattitannggang Environment, Takalar District regarding the importance of environmental sanitation. This research was conducted in the coastal area of the Pattitanggang Environment, Takalar Village, Mappakasunggu District, Takalar Regency. Data collection was carried out using survey, documentation and interview methods with a questionnaire guide. Interviews with 25 coastal community respondents. The results of the research show that coastal communities in the Pattitangang Environment have a fairly good level of knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding the importance of environmental sanitation. However, environmental cleaning facilities and infrastructure such as rubbish bins or rubbish trucks are not yet available, so people continue to carry out the habit of piling up and burning rubbish which can have an impact on reducing air quality
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MATERI FUNGSI KUADRAT MELALUI METODE DEMONSTRASI SISWA SMPN 1 TARAKAN
Authors: Yanti Yuni Dwi
Published: March 2024

Tujuan PTK  untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik melalui metode pembelajaran demonstrasi. Subjek penelitian yaitu peningkatan hasil belajar melalui metode pembelajaran demonstrasi. Kelas yang  digunakan  kelas IX.8 SMP Negeri 1 Tarakan  berjumlah 32 orang,  17 laki–laki dan 15 perempuan. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian  dilakukan melalui observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua siklus, setiap siklus tiga pertemuan, agar dapat diketahui dengan pasti peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik. Hasil penelitian membuktikan, metode pembelajaran demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan  hasil belajar peserta didik,  dibuktikan  dengan peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik disetiap aspek pengamatan, tindakan  dan tes akhir pembelajaran sehingga mengalami peningkatkan  hasil belajar disetiap  siklus.  Untuk  hasil  belajar peserta didik  pada siklus I menunjukan peningkatan 45,2% sedangkan pada siklus keII meningkat menjadi 87,1% dengan rata-rata nilai  siklus I sebesar 66,1 meningkat menjadi 82,7 pada siklus II dan hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian telah tercapai  bahkan melebihi  KKM yang ditetapkan walaupun masih terdapat 2  peserta didik atau 6,2% belum tuntas akan diberikan remedial tersendiri dalam waktu yang berbeda sehingga semua peserta didik tuntas. Dengan demikian,  metode pembelajaran demonstrasi dapat  meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik,  disarankan kepada guru untuk mempersiapkan metode pembelajaran yang sesuai untuk  mendukung terlaksanannya  pembelajaran, yang menarik  sesuai  kebutuhan peserta didik.
Peculiarities of Skin Wound healing Under Ischemic Conditions With Topical Treatment Using a Combination of Benzalkonium Chloride and Dexpanthenol
Authors: Terekhov A. G. , Mishina E. S. , Klyueva E. G. , Bukanova P. A. , Khojiev D. Ya. , Grigoryan A. Yu.
Published: March 2024

Objective: To study peculiarities of skin wound healing under ischemic conditions with topical treatment using a combination of benzalkonium chloride and dexpanthenol.

Materials and methods: We conducted an experiment on a rat model of skin wound healing under ischemic conditions. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, with 30 rats in each group. Group 1 received no treatment; group 2 was treated with the Levomecol ointment; group 3 and group 4 were treated with benzalkonium chloride immobilized based on the carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt and a combination of benzalkonium chloride and dexpanthenol immobilized based on the carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt, respectively. We used planimetric and biochemical (alkaline phosphatase [ALP] level) methods, measured the pH of the wound surface and wound bed temperature, determined the hydroxyproline concentration in the wound defect tissues, and performed statistical processing of the data.

Results: Group 4 had the largest percentage of wound surface area reduction and pH values. Thermometry on day 10 showed a decrease in wound temperature in groups 2 and 4, whereas groups 1 and 3 demonstrated maximum values. By the end of the experiment, group 4 had the maximum hydroxyproline concentration that was significantly higher than the amino acid content in groups 1, 2, and 3: 1.2, 1.1 and 1.1 times higher, respectively. Maximum ALP levels were observed on day 5 in group 4, whereas in groups 2 and 3 they were observed on day 8 and only on day 10 in group 1.

Conclusions: Skin wound healing under ischemic conditions was faster in the group in which topical treatment involved a combination developed by us: benzalkonium chloride and dexpanthenol immobilized based on the carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt.
A Case of Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Combined With an Atypical Origin of the Ipsilateral Ophthalmic Artery
Authors: Litvinenko D. V. , Gerasyuta A. E. , Sever I. N. , Zyablova E. I. , Trofimova T. N. , Tkachev V. V.
Published: March 2024

Objective: Anatomy of the ophthalmic artery (OA) is of great practical importance in surgery for anterior circulation aneurysms. In most cases, the OA arises from the supraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and enters the orbit through the optic canal inferolaterally to the optic nerve. The OA arising from the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and entering the optic canal above the optic nerve is extremely rare.

Clinical case: We report a case of a 29-year-old female patient admitted to Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Krasnodar, Russian Federation) with a ruptured true aneurysm of the left posterior communicating artery (PCoA) and an abnormal origin of the OA from the ACA. The disease manifested itself as ischemic stroke in the basal ganglia on the left causing diagnostic difficulties during initial hospitalization. Cerebral angiography confirmed a PCoA aneurysm and origin of the OA from the ipsilateral ACA. During surgery the neck of the aneurysm was clipped, and the aneurysm dome was opened to control the extent of clipping and remove thrombotic masses. During their removal, hemorrhage appeared from the posterior pole of the aneurysm. During the exploration it was found that the aneurysm was a dilated PCoA connecting the right ICA with the right posterior cerebral artery (PCA). A thrombosed anterior thalamoperforating artery emerged from the superior surface of the dome, and its junction with the precommunicating segment of the right PCA was detected in the region of the posterior pole of the aneurysm. The second clip was placed at the communication site between the aneurysm and the right PCA. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition with a stable neurological status.

Conclusions: The combination of abnormal anatomy of arteries at the base of the brain and cerebral aneurysms increases the risk of tactical errors and perioperative complications. Each such case requires a careful comparison of the clinical, imaging, and intraoperative findings. In the presented case of the patient with the ruptured rare PCoA aneurysm, the disease manifested atypically due to the partial thrombosis of the aneurysm and hemorrhage into the aneurysmal wall. The imaging findings revealed lacunar stroke in the thalamoperforating artery basin and an ICA aneurysm with no signs of subarachnoid hemorrhage. During the surgery the aneurysm was initially regarded as typical saccular. The opening of the dome and removal of all thrombotic masses made it possible to determine the eccentric fusiform nature of the aneurysm, perform its radical exclusion, and prevent fatal hemorrhage in the postoperative period.
Subdural hygromas After Decompressive Craniotomies
Authors: Shnyakin P. G. , Botov A. V. , Rudenko P. G. , Loseva A. S.
Published: March 2024

Subdural hygromas occur after various brain interventions, are often asymptomatic but sometimes may require surgical treatment. They can develop in the immediate postoperative period, but they are more common a few weeks or even months after surgery. Subdural hygromas are particularly common after decompressive craniotomy in patients with traumatic brain injury or massive stroke. The pathogenesis is explained by the fact that a large bone defect causes a pressure difference in the skull, and a concomitant displacement of the ventricular system disrupts the normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation, contributing to the redistribution of cerebrospinal fluid flow into the subdural space.

We review data from contemporary studies on subdural hygromas after decompressive craniotomy, their risk factors, and management strategies. We also present our case of recurrent subdural hygroma in a patient operated on for a ruptured aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery.
Conservative Treatment Options to Prevent and Manage Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Women
Authors: Los M. S. , Ukgarskiy A. V.
Published: March 2024

Background: Pelvic floor dysfunction is a widespread, multifactorial disease that progresses slowly with age and occurs in 77% of postmenopausal women.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of conservative treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women and the possibility of preventing pelvic organ prolapse.

Materials and methods: We analyzed literature data (PubMed, eLibrary, Scopus) on treatment and prevention of pelvic floor dysfunction in women using various conservative treatment options.

Results: The conservative approach is the only preventive measure and a first-line treatment of pelvic organ prolapse, especially at the disease onset. It involves lifestyle changes, physical therapy, and pessary insertion. Physical therapy includes pelvic floor muscle training with or without biofeedback, vaginal cones, electrical stimulation, etc.

Conclusions: Despite the large number of available conservative treatment options, their effectiveness should be further studied, and preventive measures aimed at strengthening pelvic floor muscles should be actively promoted and included in the routine medical use and daily life of women to prevent pelvic organ prolapse.
Pathobiochemical Features of Posthepatectomy Liver Failure and Prospects for Its Metabolic Correction
Authors: Bykov I. M. , Shevchenko A. S. , Tsymbalyuk I. Yu. , Popov K. A. , Tutarisheva S. M. , Ustinova E. S. , Storozhuk A. P. , Esaulenko E. E.
Published: March 2024

We review the current understanding of pathophysiology and pathobiochemistry of conditions following extensive resections of the liver parenchyma and describe potential ways of surgical and metabolic correction, including promising molecular targets for therapy. Reduced residual tissue volume (small-for-size syndrome), parenchymal edema due to hyperperfusion and impaired venous blood outflow, septic complications, organ ischemia-reperfusion, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress are considered key pathogenetic factors in liver failure development following extensive resections of the liver parenchyma. Given the above, promising ways of managing posthepatectomy conditions are the use of agents reducing portal pressure (octreotide [somatostatin analogue], terlipressin [vasopressin analogue], and propranolol), energotropic metabolic drugs (combined preparations of succinate and antioxidants, gasotransmitter donors), and antibiotics and synbiotics for prevention of infectious complications. The approaches currently used in clinical practice cannot always effectively manage complications following extensive hepatectomy, so fundamental research should focus on searching and creating effective strategies for prevention and therapy of posthepatectomy liver failure.
Pulmonary Sequelae of COVID-19 in Patients With Lung Damage Over 75% (CT-4)
Authors: Komissarova K. V. , Godzenko A. V. , Doroshenko D. A. , Gordeev I. G. , Averkov O. V. , Vechorko V. I.
Published: March 2024

Introduction:A number of studies uses severity of lung damage as a predictor of lung changes in the long-term period.

Objective:To evaluate computed tomography (CT) findings in the long-term period after extremely severe lung damage (CT-4) caused by COVID-19 during different pandemic waves and compare those with clinical data.

Materials and methods:The study included 51 patients (51.0% of them were women; age, 57 ± 12 years [95% CI, 53-60]) that were treated for COVID-19 with lung damage (CT-4) in O.M. Filatov City Clinical Hospital No. 15 (Moscow, Russian Federation) 

and gave their consent for examination after discharge. The patients underwent chest CT and dyspnea assessment (Medical Research Council [MRC] dyspnea scale) in the long-term period and were grouped based on the pandemic wave and dyspnea grade. Twelve patients from the first pandemic wave were examined 12.5 months after discharge; 13 patients from the second pandemic wave were examined in 6.5 months, and 26 patients from the third pandemic wave were examined in 8 months. The group with MRC dyspnea grade 0 included 19 patients, whereas 32 patients comprised the group with MRC dyspnea grades 1 and 2.

Results:CT revealed changes in 50 (98.0%) of the examined patients, with fibrotic-like changes (88.2%), areas of consolidation (47.1%), and ground-glass opacity (13.7%) being the most common findings. All 3 patterns were equally common, regardless of the pandemic wave. No dyspnea higher than MRC grade 2 was observed. Fibrotic-like changes were found in 100.0% of the patients with MRC dyspnea grades 1 and 2, whereas they were detected only in 68.4% of the patients with MRC dyspnea grade 0,P= .002. The multivariate analysis showed that fibrotic-like changes were the only factor associated with dyspnea higher than grade 0.

Conclusions:After extremely severe lung damage (CT-4) CT changes were present in almost all the patients. The study results highlight clinical significance of these changes and demonstrate the rehabilitation potential of this group.
Prevention of Perioperative Bleeding in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Maximkin D. A. , Khalabuzar V. A. , Shugushev Z. Kh. , Chepurnoy A. G. , Faybushevich A. G. , Gitelzon E. A.
Published: March 2024

Materials and methods: At stage I, we retrospectively studied histories and outpatient medical records of 766 patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (from 2006 to 2020) to identify hemorrhagic complications and potential risk factors for their development. We analyzed the effectiveness of different scores for assessment of the bleeding risk. Based on the obtained data, measures to prevent hemorrhagic complications in this cohort of patients were improved. During stage II, 114 patients with 1 or several risk factors for major bleeding underwent surgery between 2021 and 2023. We used the proposed and improved preventive measures for all the patients. Follow-up periods were during the hospital stay and in 6 and 12 months.

Results: At stage I, 44 (5.74%) patients were found to have hemorrhagic complications in the early postoperative period: retroperitoneal hematoma, bleeding from an operating wound, and pulsating hematoma (15.9%); gastrointestinal hemorrhage (31.8%); gross hematuria (13.7%), and hemorrhagic stroke (6.8%). The most significant risk factors for bleeding were endovascular intervention using brachial and femoral approaches (P = .000), hybrid intervention (P = .000), dual antiplatelet therapy (P = .014), surgery duration above 60 minutes (P = .001), triple antithrombotic therapy (P = .001), and significant vascular calcification (P = .023). The PRECISE-DAPT score has proven to be of prognostic value (P = .073; odds ratio, 2.88). At stage II, due to the proposed preventive measures, bleeding that required blood transfusion was found in 5 (4.38%) of 114 patients: of them, 1 (0.9%) patient had acute coronary syndrome. There were no major amputations, whereas 3 (2.63%) patients underwent minor amputation. In 6 and 12 months of the follow-up, the total frequency of major cardiovascular complications (cardiac death, myocardial infarction), major and minor amputation was 0.9% and 2.6%, 0% and 1.75%, and 0.9% and 2.6%, respectively.

Conclusions: Surgical treatment of patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia and risk factors for hemorrhagic complications who underwent surgery with the proposed preventive measures demonstrated high efficiency in reducing the number of hemorrhages and associated cardiac complications and low frequency of major and minor amputations in the long-term follow-up.
Pengaruh Strategi Inside Outside Circle terhadap Hasil Belajar PKn Siswa Kelas III SDN 1 Sungaiselan
Authors: Amelia Septi , Martahayu Vika , Nugroho Fandi
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya keterlibatan siswa dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar, penyampaian materi pembelajaran yang diterapkan oleh guru sekedar ceramah belum menerapkan strategi yang optimal, dan masih banyak siswa yang belum mencapai KKM. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Strategi Inside Outside Circle Terhadap Hasil Belajar PKN Siswa Kelas III SDN 1 Sungaiselan pada semester ganjil tahun 2021/2022. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas III dengan jumlah sampel 50 siswa yang terdiri dari 25 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 25 siswa kelas kontrol. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian Quasi Experimental Design, dengan Nonequivalent Control Groups Design. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu sampel jenuh dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, tes, dan observasi. Teknik analisis dengan menggunakan uji t-test sample related (Polled varian) diperoleh nilai = 5,041 > = 2,011 artinya diterima dan ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh strategi inside outside circle terhadap hasil belajar PKN siswa kelas III SDN 1 Sungaiselan.
Investigating the Translation Strategies that English Language Students' Utilized in Translation Diverse Topics
Authors: Habeeb Luwaytha Salah , Jameel Ali Sabah
Published: March 2024

Objectives: By analyzing students' translations, instructors teaching translation can acquire insight into the most common concerns, challenges, and strategies regarding various subjects. This study aims to uncover the methods and techniques students use to translate journalistic, literary, and political materials and the differences in translation strategies used by male and female students.

Methods: Twenty-seven male and female 4th-grade students from the Department of English, Colleges of Basic Education, University of Kirkuk participated. The research will be carried out during the first semester of the academic year 2022-2023. A test was used to collect the data. The test consisted of three questions, all of which were texts: journalistic, literary, and political.

Results: The results reveal that students adopt low-accuracy translation procedures. Students use the trans-position method more than other translation procedures when translating a journalistic text. Regarding the literary text, the results show that students preferred the adaptation technique above the different translation strategies. Finally, the Political text was translated using a borrowing and adaption technique. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that female EFL students used more accurate and precise translation procedures than male students.

Conclusion: Translation strategies must be thoroughly taught to EFL students. They must be knowledgeable about translation theories and strategies and the types of texts they may be exposed to. They must also be taught the purpose of employing a specific translation technique. It is essential to note that the borrowing strategy should be used with caution, as it can lead to linguistic interference and can sometimes be confusing for native speakers of the target language.
The Political Situation of Badaun during the Mamluk Era (602-689 AH / 1206-1290 AD)
Authors: Abbas Israa Bassim Mohammed , Khalil Fawaz Zuhlif Jazzae
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study aims to shed light on the political situation of the city of Badaun: the extent of its connection with the capital Delhi, the number of rulers who governed it during the Mamluk era (602-689 AH/1206-1290 AD), and its most prominent governors, especially those who later became sultans.

Methods: Relying on Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and English sources and references, the study adopts the historical approach. It is divided into three sections. The first provides background information on the location of Badaun, while the second focuses on the Islamic conquest of Badaun during the Ghurid era (543-612 AH/1148-1215 AD). The third section tackles the political situation of Badaun during the Mamluk era (602-689 AH/1206-1290 AD).

Results: Due to its significance, the city was strongly connected with the capital Delhi. Badaun was ruled by no less than fourteen governors, the first of whom is Qutbuddin Aibak and the last King Baqbak Sargandar. Not only were its rulers considered among the most important governors of India, they were so respected and valued by the sultans of Delhi that some of them became sultans.

Conclusions: Badaun was considered one of the most important fiefdoms, allocated to powerful rulers in the first half of the seventh century AH / thirteenth century AD. Its most prominent governors include Qutbuddin Aibak (the founder of the Mamluk Sultanate), Shams al-Din al-Tamash, Rukn al-Din Firuz Shah, and Ghiyath al-Din Balban, all of whom who assumed the throne of the Sultanate of Delhi.
The Impact of the Wars of June 1967 and October 1973 on Contemporary Hebrew Poetry
Authors: AL-Mihimdy Mwaffaq Kamil Khalaf
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the impact of the June 1967 and October 1973 Wars on Zionists’ racist attitude towards Arabs. It also aims to suggest that Hebrew literature, especially poetry, is one of the most important methods that has been consistently used by the Zionist movement in fulfilling its project.

Methods: The study adopts the textual analysis approach to literature and poetry through employing close reading.

Results: The two wars deeply affected Israeli society and literature, reinforcing the prevalent racist attitude towards Arabs among the members of that society. Indeed, the poems written by pro-Zionist poets were based on a racist ideology. However, Hebrew writing often captured the mood of Israeli society, which was mostly characterized by fear and confusion, in the aftermath of the wars. In fact, Hebrew literature increasingly reflected this state of affairs after the October 1973 War. All Israeli sectors were experiencing a state of confusion after the 1973 war, an idea which was underpinned by the belief that those who are confused cannot lead, a belief which affected Zionists’ treatment of Arabs.

Conclusions: The study concludes that literature played a major role in Israeli society, especially during and after the two wars. More specifically, poetry played an effective role in shaping people’s ideas, tendencies, decisions, and political choices, especially during the elections. The study also concludes that racism and hostility towards Arabs explicitly prevailed in Hebrew literature after the two wars.
David Mamet’s Oleanna: A Contravention of University Ethics Through Controversial Defamation
Authors: Abed Hamid Hammad Abed
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study aims to explore the potential risks associated with lecturer-student interactions in a university setting. It also endeavors to underscore the roles that instructors and students play within the academic environment and how they respond to any potential issues that may arise. 

Methods: The study adopts a critical approach to analyze Mamet's Oleanna. It relies on textual analysis of the play, complemented by an interview with the dramatist David Mamet to enhance the understanding of his intentions. The language used by each character, considered a fundamental element, is crucial in unveiling their genuine motivations. 

Results: The study demonstrates that many significant problems can be identified and effectively managed. It also affirms that the relationship between the professor and the student is inherently contentious unless built on mutual respect and understanding. Ignoring appropriate university ethics may lead to instances like Carol defaming Professor John. Therefore, establishing a calm and secure learning atmosphere, free from improper behavior by some lecturers or students, is deemed the most suitable approach. 

Conclusions: The study concludes that individuals may intentionally conceal their true intentions to avoid embarrassment. Manipulating goals to justify means is identified as a violation of university ethics. Professor John, instead of violating university ethics like Carol, accepted defamation and humiliation. This emphasizes the importance of maintaining ethical standards in academic settings.
Ideational Meta-Functional Analysis of Letters to the Editor of The Times
Authors: Khalaf Meethaq Khamees
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Letters to the editor are linguistic texts in which the letter writer expresses a specific type of discourse related to a previously addressed issue, requiring clear interpretation by both the editor and the third-party reader. The study aims to investigate the discourse function of verb nominalizations used in letters to the editor throughout the research.  

Methods: The study sheds light on the function of transitivity and its variants in the act of communication. To convey the communicative value of transitivity utilised in letters to the editor, which represent a kind of written discourse, of The Times, the study adopts Halliday and Matthiessen’s model (2014) to present a statistic of transitivity processes which reflect the ideational meta-function.  

Results: The study presents variant percentages of transitivity processes utilized which reveal the communicative value of transitivity in the selected letters-to-the-editor. Material process occurs with 35% which is the highest percentage while other processes; relational, mental, behavioral, verbal and existential with 25%, 19%, 14%, 3% and 1% respectively.  

Conclusions: The discourse functions of transitivity processes realised in the selected samples of letters to the editor are variant, depending on the ideological significance, social power and text type.
The Image of the Hero Between Al-Mutanabi’s Saifiat and Abu Firas Al-Hamdani’s Romiat: A Comparative Study
Authors: Lafi Aziza Izz Al-Din
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The study seeks to highlight the image of the hero in al-Mutanabi’s Saifiat and Abu Firas al-Hamdani’s Romiat; whether the hero is the caliph or the poet who acquires a heroic rank by virtue of being attached to the caliph, Sayf al-Dawla. Hence, the study traces the similarities and differences between al-Mutanabi’s hero and al-Hamdani’s hero.

Methods: The study is basically descriptive, and it relies on textual analysis. It tackles sixty-eight poetic lines which reflect the image of the hero that was prominent in the era under discussion.

Results: As Saifiat and Romiat make clear, the study shows that the two poets realized the importance of getting close to the ruler’s court and making their poetry at the service of praising the caliph. By so doing, the poets think of themselves as heroes due to their attachment to the caliph (the central hero). That is, the poets acquire heroic qualities as a result of being surrounded by heroism and heroic deeds. Hence, being connected to the caliph has the double merit of fulfilling the dream of becoming a hero and pleasing the caliph, satisfying both the self and the other.

Conclusion: The study reveals that al-Mutanabi and al-Hamdani depict the hero as a knight of war whom people admire for raising their aspirations and giving them strength. Moreover, The hero is recognized as a peacekeeping knight, valued not just for martial prowess but also for fostering peace and prosperity, earning distinction in society.
FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMER'S INTENTION TO CHOOSE A RETAIL CHAIN BRAND IN VIETNAM
Authors: Huu Ai Tran
Published: March 2024

Retailing is the final stage of the distribution channel, including businesses and people involved in the movement and transfer of ownership of goods and services from the producer to the final consumer. The customer's selection decision is a very complicated matter, where they have to decide: (1) how many types of items from each category are selected; (2) how to select purchases during shopping trips by period; (3) how to choose a different type of store. Combined with the research context in Vietnam, the author has proposed a number of factors affecting the brand choice behavior of retail chain stores, including the following 6 factors: (1) the image of the store customers, (2) price perception, (3) perceived risk, (4) attitude towards the brand, (5) brand awareness, (6) brand familiarity. A formal quantitative research was carried out on a sample size of 420 NTD. The values of the scale were analyzed using the following methods: Cronbach's Alpha, EFA, CFA and SEM to test the research hypotheses of the model.
RESEARCH ON THE EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION MANAGEMENT OF PROPERTY COMPANY H
Authors: Liu Yuan
Published: March 2024

With the initiation of West Development, the property industry in Duyun has developed rapidly. H Property Company mainly serves high-end residential quarters in Duyun City, but due to the relatively backward salary management, the staff mobility is large, affecting the normal operation and development of the company. In order to solve this problem, this article’s research object focuses on H Property Company’s salary management of the enterprise's personnel. The conclusion of this study has guiding significance for the salary management of property companies. Through the optimization of salary management, a complete and scientific performance management system is constructed to enhance the core competitiveness of property companies and promote their healthy, long-term, and efficient development.
Considerações Sobre a Análise de Subgrupos em Estudos ClínicosV
Authors: Gilson Feitosa
Published: March 2024

O Editorial trata dos subgrupos na pesquisa clínica, em como são observados os desfechos primários dos subgrupos.
Efektivitas Edible Film Dari Whey Keju “Mozarella” Terhadap Sifat Fisik Dan Kimia Keju “Halloumi“ Dan Keju “Mozarella” Yang Disimpan Pada Suhu Ruang
Authors: Hendrasty Henny Krissetiana , Rahayu Widi Tias , Marsudi Fevri
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Whey is a by-product of the cheese-making process that has not been fully utilized by cheese producers. The edible film made from mozzarella cheese whey and ginger extract is an alternative packaging that is safe for consumption and environmentally friendly. Making edible films from mozzarella cheese whey is expected to reduce waste that has not been utilized.  The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the edible film from Mozarella whey applied for storage of Halloumi cheese and Mozzarella cheese at room temperature. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors, namely factor 1 type of cheese (Halloumi & Mozarella) and factor 2 storage time ( 0,3,6,9 days). The products were analyzed physically ( color and texture)  and chemically (moisture  .fat, protein content, and acidity).  The result showed that Edible film made from  Mozarella cheese whey was effective for wrapping Halloumi cheese at room temperature for 9 days but was not effective for Mozarella cheese that only 3 days storage. There was a decrease in physical properties (color and texture) and chemical properties (moisture content, fat, protein, and acidity)

Keywords: whey, edible film, effectiveness, Mozarella, Halloumi cheese.

Abstrak

Whey merupakan hasil samping dari proses pembuatan keju yang belum  termanfaatkan sepenuhnya oleh para produsen keju. Edible film dari whey keju Mozarella dan ekstrak jahe adalah salah satu kemasan alternatif yang aman untuk dikonsumsi serta ramah lingkungan. Pembuatan edible film dari whey keju Mozarella diharapkan dapat mengurangi limbah yang belum termanfaatkan.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan efektivitas edible film yang dibuat  dari whey keju Mozarella yang digunakan untuk mengemas keju Halloumi dan keju Mozarella pada suhu kamar. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor, Faktor 1 jenis keju (Halloumi dan Mozarella) dan faktor ke 2 waktu penyimpanan (0,3,6,9 hari). Produk dianalisis sifat fisik (warna dan tekstur) dan sifat kimia (kadar air, ,lemak, protein dan  keasaman ) 

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Edible film whey keju Mozarella efektif untuk mengemas

 keju Halloumi pada suhu ruang selama penyimpanan 9 hari tetapi tidak efektif  untuk mengemas keju Mozarella karena hanya dapat bertahan selama 3 hari . Terdapat kemunduran sifat fisik (warna dan tekstur) dan sifat kimia ( kadar air,  lemak, protein, dan angka  keasamannya).

Kata kunci : whey, edible film, efektivitas, keju Mozarella ,Halloumi.
Spatial Mapping Of Coconut Plantation In Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province Using Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Rotinsulu Wiske Ch. , Runtunuwu Semuel D. , Walangitan Hengkie , Paat Frangky J. , Zaini Badrun
Published: March 2024

Kata kunci:  Interpretasi visual, perkebunan, citra satelit
Efficiency Of Some Combinations Of Planting Media Against Growth And Yield Of Red Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa VAR. Red Rapids)
Authors: Sadil Riven , Polii Bobby J. V. , Ogie Tommy B.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to obtain an efficient combination of planting media for the growth and yield of vegetables, especially the Red Lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa var Red rapids). This research was carried out at the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University from July to September 2022. This study used a non-factorial Complete Randomized Design (RAL) which was carried out with 5 treatments and 4 tests. So there are 20 experimental units. M0 (Soil without combination) as a control, M1(Combination of Soil and Husk), M2 (Combination of Soil and Husk Charcoal), M3(Combination of Soil and Sawdust) and M4 (Combination of Soil and Burn Sawdust).

The results showed that the M4 treatment (Combination of Soil and Burn Sawdust) gave the best plant height with an average of 18.13 cm, the average number of leaves was 19.00 strands, the average brangkasan weight was 97.75 grams, the wet weight of the roots averaged 3.75 grams and based on the Fingerprint Analysis had a noticeable influence on the number of leaves, leaf width and weight of the Red Lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa var. Red rapids).

Keywords: Growing media, combination, Lactuca sativa var. Red rapids

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kombinasi media tanam yang efisien untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil sayuran khususnya tanaman Selada Merah (Lactuca sativa var Red rapids). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sam Ratulangi pada bulan Juli sampai September 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial yang dilakukan dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 pengujian. Jadi terdapat 20 satuan percobaan. M0 (Tanah tanpa kombinasi) sebagai kontrol, M1 (Kombinasi Tanah dan Sekam), M2 (Kombinasi Tanah dan Arang Sekam), M3 (Kombinasi Tanah dan Serbuk Gergaji) dan M4 (Kombinasi Tanah dan Serbuk Gergaji Bakar).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan M4 (Kombinasi Tanah dan Serbuk Gergaji Bakar) memberikan tinggi tanaman terbaik dengan rata-rata 18,13 cm, rata-rata jumlah daun 19,00 helai, berat brangkasan rata-rata 97,75 gram, berat basah akar rata-rata 3,75 gram dan berdasarkan Analisa Sidik Jari berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun, lebar daun dan berat tanaman Selada Merah (Lactuca sativa var. Red rapids).

Kata kunci: Media tanam, kombinasi, Lactuca sativa var. Red rapids
Correlation between scapular dyskinesia and core deficities in a group of competitive swimmers: an observational study
Authors: Collebrusco Luca , Elisa Giordano Elisa Giordano
Published: March 2024

Background: The core and the shoulder are the focal points of the sporting gesture in swimming and their close connection allows the swimmer to express all his performance skills. For this reason, when one of these two components in dysfunctional, it can also compromise the other. Over the years, both the core and the shoulder have only been studied separately, so understanding their possible correlation is essential in order to improve not only the evaluation but also the treatment of these athletes. The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze the presence of the correlation between scapular dyskinesia and core inefficiency in a group of swimmers. Methods: The athletes were evaluated through the use of test batteries developed through the analysis of scientific literature and through validated evaluation scales. The tests used concerned: the analysis of the scapular pattern, specific tests for scapular dyskinesia, differential evaluation tests with shoulder restrictions and impingement and core evaluation tests. Results: The athletes evaluated had a mean age of 16.93 at the time of data collection, with a range from 16 to 18 years. Ten athletes showed a type I scapular pattern; in fifteen they showed the presence of scapular dyskinesia while for the evaluation of the core in the majority they showed an inefficiency with chronometric times that are positioned below the average. No athlete showed positive differential tests for shoulder restraints and impingement. Conclusions: Data analysis showed that, in the group examined, there is indeed the presence of scapular dyskinesia and core inefficiency. The limit of this study concerns a possible generalization of the parameters sought, for this reason it would be useful in future research to investigate this correlation also in different swimming realities in order to be able to overcome this limitation and increase knowledge to improve both the functional evaluation and the subsequent treatment.
Multi-UAV IRS-assisted Communications: Multinode Channel Modeling and Fair Sum-Rate Optimization via Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Iacovelli Giovanni , Coluccia Angelo , Grieco Luigi Alfredo
Published: March 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) combined with Intelligent Reflective
Surfaces (IRSs) represent a cutting-edge technology for improving the
channel capacity of wireless communications, by capitalizing on UAVs’ 3D
mobility coupled with the IRSs’ smart radio capabilities. This work
envisions a scenario in which a swarm of UAVs equipped with IRSs serves
multiple Internet of Things (IoT) Ground Nodes (GNs) concurrently
transmitting to a single Base Station (BS) via OFDMA. The huge number of
passive elements composing the IRSs introduces a significant complexity
in the mission design. Therefore, each IRS is divided into patches that
can be simultaneously used to serve different nodes. Considering general
Rician fading, a comprehensive channel model for IRS-assisted UAV-aided
networks is derived. Then, a multi-objective mixed-integer non-linear
programming problem is conceived to maximize the sum-rate of the GNs
and, at the same time, minimize the difference among the users’ data
rates, by jointly optimizing the trajectories and the phase shift
matrices. This non-convex problem, reformulated in terms of scheduling
(i.e., patch-GN assignment), is challenging to solve. Hence, it is
rearranged as a Markov Decision Process and a quasi-optimal solution is
obtained via Deep Reinforcement Learning. Extensive simulation analysis
is performed to validate the results and the accuracy of the proposed
model.
GENDER DIFFERENCE IN FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AMONG PATIENT WITH NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: Amjad Fareeha , Hashim Adnan , Bashir Amna , Sunbal Shaista
Published: March 2024

Background of the Study: LBP is a common condition that can be specific or non-specific. Non-specific LBP, which has no known cause, is responsible for 90% of cases and causes pain in the back from the 12th rib to the inferior gluteal folds.
Methodology: The study utilized a cross-sectional design in which both males and females completed the Oswestry low back questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Results: 85 patients participated in the study with a mean age of 38±9.603. Pain levels varied among patients, with 23 reporting no pain, 29 with light pain, 23 with moderate pain, and 10 with pretty severe pain. Patients had varying degrees of self-care ability with 13 able to care for themselves without triggering pain and 4 requiring daily assistance. Most patients (75 out of 85) had minor disabilities, while 10 had moderate disabilities. The relationship between the ODI score and the question was found to be similar.
Conclusion: The data suggest that individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain have only a limited impairment, and only a few suffer from moderate sickness that affects their social lives. Non-specific persistent low back pain is not connected with gender differences in functional impairment.
Keywords: Functional disability, non-specific, sex factor, quality of life, gender identity, low back pain.
OCCURRENCE OF LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES DURING THE LOCKDOWN IN ATHLETES
Authors: Azhar Ghazal , Afzal M. Faheem , Ammad Dr. Haseeb Ullah , Ifthikhar Ghousia , Arif Dr. Adeela
Published: March 2024

Background of the Study: Lockdown was implemented worldwide to limit the spread of COVID-19. This sudden implementation of lockdown causes significant lifestyle changes for every individual. Along with the general population, it also has psychological, behavioral, and physical consequences on athletes. The study objective is to determine the occurrence of lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries during the COVID-19 lockdown in athletes.
Methodology: Retrospective cross-sectional study design was used, and participants were recruited by a non-probability convenient sampling technique. A sample size of 147 was taken as calculated by the Raosoft software, and the study was completed 6 months. Both male and female athletes between the age group of 18-35 years, participants who did not participate in any official training session during the lockdown and registered at domestic level for at least 2 years were recruited from Pakistan Sports Board and Wapda Sports Complex Lahore. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to identify the problematic painful areas of body. Data entry, analysis, and interpretation were done by using SPSS software version 22.0.
Results: The mean age and BMI of participants were 25.6531±4.49 (years) and 23.28±3.24 (kg/m2) respectively. From the total, 39.5% of participants reported lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries. And most reported problematic areas include lower back and knee. 75% of participants continue to do workouts at home as a prevention strategy against injury occurrence.
Conclusion: This concluded that the occurrence of lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries during the lockdown was moderate.
Keywords: Athletes, COVID-19, lockdown, lower extremity, lower limb, quarantine, SARS-CoV.