bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information system for monitoring of hypopituitarism in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Rusakov M O , Krotova O S
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the development of a medical information system (MIS) designed to monitor and predict hypopituitarism in children and teenagers. MIS combines the medical information storage and management system with an intellectual system of medical decision-making support. The information system is based on a database with information obtained from impersonal medical discharge papers of children and adolescents of the Altai Territory diagnosed with hypopituitarism. Medical discharge papers provide information about the patient’s health status while in the hospital, the results of examinations and treatment. Discharges form a complete medical history of the patient, and the information system allows assessing the disease in dynamics. The purpose of the intelligent information system is to predict the patient's growth in order to select the optimal treatment strategy. The intelligent decision support system is based on a machine-learning model trained on data from a database. The model was trained in the Python programming language. The MIS interface is developed using the C # programming language. The use of MIS in medical institutions will allow doctors to carry out a personalized approach to the monitoring and predicting the growth for patients, and to choose the optimal trajectory of treatment.
Raspberry Pi-based mobile system of the pupil size evaluation
Authors: Ya Suranov A
Published: December 2021

The article considers development of a human pupil measuring system on the Raspberry platform. The system is aimed at evaluating the variations of the human pupil diameter or area in the process of watching test images or video recordings. To reduce the interference from the eye surface the camera uses a band-stop color glass filter PS 13. In order to increase the pupil image contrast, IR LED backlighting of the eye is implemented. To provide the mobility of the system, battery power of the single-board computer was used while the registered image and the measurement results were transmitted via a Wi-Fi channel. The video camera and the single-board computer Raspberry Pi 4 with the battery bay are attached to the head-mounted flexible belt. The article gives the operation duration evaluation of the battery-supplied system. During the first stage of image processing, binarization by the threshold was performed. The threshold is determined by the image brightness histogram. Since the study is focused on relative variations of the pupil size, the pupil diameter or area values in pixels were chosen as informative parameters. The image recording and processing frequency in the system equalled 25 Hz that provides accurate recording of the pupil variations.
To the question of realization of machine vision technology based on FPGA-architectures
Authors: Timakov K A
Published: December 2021

In the last few years, machine learning and machine vision technologies have started to gain more and more popularity. This industry occupies one of the leading positions in the field of information technology. The paper is devoted to the development of a machine vision algorithm based on new generations of FPGAs for recognizing handwritten Cyrillic characters in images and video streams, in particular. The article raises the issues of using FPGA as an image segmentation accelerator and organizing work with the video stream, choosing the most suitable FPGA platform, creating training samples of handwritten characters, and working with the convolutional neural network AlexNet.
Characterization of a CMOS pixel sensor for charged particle tracking
Authors: Li L. , Zhang L. , Dong J.N. , Liu J. , Wang M.
Published: December 2021

A prototype of the CMOS pixel sensor named Supix-1 has been
fabricated and tested in order to investigate the feasibility of a
pixelated tracker for a proposed Higgs factory, namely, the Circular
Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC). The sensor, taped out with a 180 nm CMOS Image Sensor (CIS)
process, consists of nine different pixel arrays varying in pixel
pitches, diode sizes and geometries in order to study the particle
detection performance of enlarged pixels. The test was carried out with a 55Fe radioactive source. Two
soft X-ray peaks observed were used to calibrate the charge to
voltage factor of the sensor. The pixel-wise equivalent noise
charge, charge collection efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio were
evaluated. A reconstruction method for clustering pixels of a signal has been
developed and the cluster-wise performance was studied as well. The test results show that pixels with the area as large as of
21 × 84 μm have satisfactory noise level and charge collection
performance, meeting general requirements for a pixel sensor. This contribution demonstrates that the CMOS pixel sensor with
enlarged pitches, using the CIS technology, can be used in tracking
for upcoming collider detectors akin to the CEPC.
Multi-stage controllable degradation of strontium-doped calcium sulfate hemihydrate-tricalcium phosphate microsphere composite as a substitute for osteoporotic bone defect repairing: degradation behavior and bone response
Authors: Miao Qiuju , Jiang Nan , Yang Qinmeng , Hussein Ismail Mohamed , Luo Zhen , Wang Lei , Yang Shenyu
Published: December 2021

Various requirements for the repair of complex bone defects have motivated to development of scaffolds with adjustable degradation rates and biological functions. Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and calcium sulfate are the most commonly used bone repair materials in the clinic, how to better combine TCP and calcium sulfate and play their greatest advantages in the repair of osteoporotic bone defect is the focus of our research. In this study, a series of scaffolds with multistage-controlled degradation properties composed of strontium-doped calcium sulfate (SrCSH) and strontium-doped tricalcium phosphate (Sr-TCP) microspheres scaffolds were prepared, and their osteogenic activity, in vivo degradation and bone regeneration ability in tibia of osteoporotic rats were evaluated. In vitro studies revealed that different components of SrCSH/Sr-TCP scaffolds significantly promoted the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, which showed a good osteogenic induction activity. In vivo degradation results showed that the degradation time of composite scaffolds could be controlled in a large range (6–12 months) by controlling the porosity and phase composition of Sr-TCP microspheres. The results of osteoporotic femoral defect repair showed that when the degradation rate of scaffold matched with the growth rate of new bone, the parameters such as bone mineral density, bone volume/total volume ratio, trabecular thickness, angiogenesis marker platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and new bone formation marker osteocalcin expression were higher, which promoted the rapid repair of osteoporotic bone defects. On the contrary, the slow degradation rate of scaffolds hindered the growth of new bone to a certain extent. This study elucidates the importance of the degradation rate of scaffolds for the repair of osteoporotic bone defects, and the design considerations can be extended to other bone repair materials, which is expected to provide new ideas for the development of tissue engineering materials in the future.
Shareholders and the environment: a review of four decades of academic research
Authors: Capelle-Blancard Gunther , Desroziers Adrien , Scholtens Bert
Published: December 2021

We provide a synthesis of four decades of empirical research regarding the reaction of shareholders to environmental events. This literature is at the crossroads of finance, environmental economics, management and corporate social responsibility (CSR). To set the stage, we first provide an account of the Brumadinho ecological disaster that occurred in Brazil on January 25th, 2019. Second, we provide a critical review of more than 100 event studies. These papers cover a diverse set of events, such as industrial accidents, public disclosure programs, legal actions following environmental violations, changes in environmental regulation, environmental news, and corporate initiatives. This review makes four contributions. First is the synthesis of a large strand of literature in a structured setting, so as to be readily handled by both experts and non-experts. Second is the observation that stock market penalties in the event of environmental concerns are likely to be quite low: on average there is a (temporary) drop in the excess stock market return to events that are harmful to the environment of about 2% and the median is −0.6%. Third is to highlight the limits of CSR as a business strategy towards a sustainable society. Fourth is to provide an open access bibliographic database.
Citizen-Science with off-the-shelf UAV for Coastal Monitoring
Authors: Beselly S M , Sajali M A
Published: December 2021

Accurate and repetitive observation and quantification of the shoreline position and the coastal feature are essential aspects of coastal management and planning. Commonly, the dataset associated with coastal observation and quantification is obtained with in-situ coastal surveys. The current methods are mostly quite expensive, time-consuming, and require trained individuals to do the task. With the availability of the off-the-shelf low cost, lightweight, and reliable Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with the advances of the algorithms such as structure-from-motion (SfM), UAV-based measurement becomes a promising tool. Open SfM initiative, open topographical database, and UAV communities are the enablers that make it possible to collect accurate and frequent coastal monitoring and democratize data. This paper provides a review and discussions that highlight the possibility of conducting scientific coastal monitoring or collaborating with the public. Literature was examined for the advances in coastal monitoring, challenges, and recommendations. We identified and proposed the use of UAV along with the strategies and systems to encourage citizen-led UAV observation for coastal monitoring while attaining the quality.
Assessment of BSL kω Turbulence Model for Predicting Flow Characteristics in a Solitary Wave Motion
Authors: Winarta B , Satria Damarnegara A A N , Atukimat N N , Juwono P T , Suhartanto E , Hendrawan A P , Subagiyo A
Published: December 2021

A deep understanding of boundary layer characteristics under wave motion, especially bottom shear stress on the seabed, is critical in sediment transport calculation and modeling. In this present study, boundary layer characteristics under solitary wave motion over the smooth bed are investigated through the Baseline (BSL) kω model. It will also consider the result of a laboratory experiment performed in a closed conduit generation system. The conclusion said that the BSL kω model can replicate well on horizontal and vertical velocity distribution at Reynolds number (Re) = 2.25 x 105. In addition, a turbulent spike which was occurred during decelerating phases of oscillatory motion can be predicted well also by the BSL kω model at Reynolds number (Re) = 6.06 x 105.
Effect Of Rice Straw Mulch on Surface Runoff and Soil Loss in Agricultural Land Under Simulated Rainfall
Authors: Haribowo R , Asmaranto R , Kusuma L T W N , Amrina B G
Published: December 2021

Installation of mulch on agricultural land, besides reducing weed growth, can also protect the soil surface from rain and erosion. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of rice straw mulch in reducing surface runoff and soil loss before entering the river. The experimental soil materials were similar to those in Sumber Brantas village, Bumiaji Sub-District, Batu. Runoff modelling utilized the Armfield S12 Rainfall Simulator - Advanced Environmental Hydrology System, with rainfall of 1 and 1.7 l/min. Land with rice straw mulch was compared to land without mulch. The land slope was adjusted to study area conditions, with mild (9%) and steep (15%) slopes. The three-Way ANOVA method was utilized for statistical analysis. In all the experimental runs, it was found that straw mulch effectively reduced the sediment yields that could enter the river area by more than 50%. The results of ANOVA analysis on sediment yield also showed that the significance value of the interactions between slope, rain intensity, and mulch usage was 0 (p<0.05). These results show that the difference in variations in these three factors determines the sediment yield that occurs. In the future, comparing straw mulch with other materials to cover agricultural land should be conducted.
Post reclamation of acid sulphate soil due to extended tidal irrigation area in Palingkau, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Firstyadi A D F , Wignyosukarto B S , Istiarto  , Purboseno S
Published: December 2021

The Palingkau Swamp Irrigation Scheme SP1 SP2 SP3 extends tidal irrigation between Kapuas Murung River and Kapuas River, which local peoples developed. The development of the new agricultural land behind the old tidal irrigation system creates oxidation of potential acid sulphate (FeS2) soil. The result of the leaching process polluted local’s agricultural area causes the decrease land productivity. The field observation recorded the water pH ranges between 3.9 - 5.3; 3.7 - 4.31 at the handil; 2.5 - 4 at the collector channels; and 2.8 - 3.6 at the primary channels. Good water management is needed to overcome these problems, both at the new irrigation system and handil. The HECRAS mathematical model is used to evaluate water circulation in the system and its reliability. The Efforts to normalize the handil impact increasing the amount of water entering the handil although it is not significant. Moreover, it still cannot meet the water demand for the leaching process in the network system by 2.06 million m3/day. It is necessary to increase the capacity of the channel to allow freshwater flow from the river for the leaching process in the network system.
Hydraulic Tests and Interpretation of Test Data for Reno Mattresses in Open Channel Flow
Authors: Pietro P D , Lelli M , Rahman A , Serkandi
Published: December 2021

The efficacy of erosion control systems depends on preventing soil loss underneath and maintaining its integrity under the effects of the water flow. The paper presents the research results at the Colorado State University on the performance of double twisted wire mesh products, known as Reno Mattresses, used as soil erosion control systems. Mattresses were subjected to various flow conditions on a 10 m long flume placed on a soil layer. The performance against erosion was evaluated by assessing the effect of the stone motion inside the mattress combined with the condition of incipient soil erosion underneath, in relationship to the mattress thickness, the filling stone properties, and under variable hydraulic flow regimes. At the same time, confirming the stability obtained using the conventional tractive force design approach, the research results allowed to introduce a new performance limit based on incipient soil erosion underneath the revetment. Based on the research results, the authors propose to express the shear resistance of mattresses used as soil erosion control systems as a function of the filling stones’ size, uniformity, unit weight, mattress thickness, and the presence of vertical strengthening elements.
Model of discharge coefficient of crest gate rubber weir at fully closed condition
Authors: Wibowo A R , Bisri M , Sumiadi  , Dermawan V
Published: December 2021

Crest Gate Rubber Weir is a modification of rubber weir with adding a metal plate or crest gate on the upstream side. The rubber in this weir functioning as a support while the crest gate serves on elevating water. Although many have been implemented, this weir’s discharge coefficient needs be researched considering its unique shape. This study looks for discharge coefficient to determine the discharge that passes through weirs at fully closed conditions. The research was conducted with a hydraulic model resembling part of Tirtonadi Weir in Surakarta with a hydraulic model. The model is made in an angle 53°, which represents the prototype at fully closed condition. Laboratory experiment shows that the discharge coefficient of this weir is greater than the Ogee Weir and Sluice Gate for the same height because of less flow resistance from this weir structural form.
Investigation of spillway rating curve via theoretical formula, laboratory experiment, and 3D numerical modeling: A case study of the Riam Kiwa Dam, Indonesia
Authors: Zulfan J , Ginting B M
Published: December 2021

The spillway rating curve of the Riam Kiwa Dam was investigated via theoretical formula, laboratory experiment, and 3D numerical modeling. It is an ogee type with two uncontrolled and five gated spillways with a total length of 77.5 m. The experiment was performed with a scale of 1:50, while the numerical modeling was conducted using FLOW-3D software. Several discharge values (16.67–2,652.7 m3/s) were tested and observed for two different scenarios of gate openings. For the low discharge in Scenario 1, the theoretical formula and FLOW-3D computed the rating curve less accurately with the error values greater than 10%. A similar phenomenon was observed in Scenario 2, where both theoretical formula and FLOW-3D predicted the rating curve accurately with error values less than 10% for the higher discharge. The discharges tend to be overestimated for the water depth values greater than 2 m giving the average discharge deviation of 6% for the PMF condition. FLOW-3D was found to calculate water depth for all scenarios accurately. It shows a promising approach between numerical simulation and physical modeling, to minimize laboratory model construction costs.
Gajahwong River Continuous Flow Simulation by Using Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) of HEC HMS
Authors: Wardhana P N , Kusumawijaya LP
Published: December 2021

Gajahwong River is located in the southern part of Java Island, Indonesia, specifically on Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Gajahwong River has an important role along the area where its discharge is used especially for irrigation water supply. Other factors stressing Gajahwong basin’s water supply purpose are population number rise and land cover change that influence river streamflow in the whole year. Hence, a continuous flow simulation was conducted to analyze Gajahwong River water availability to supply its requirement. The Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) module of HEC-HMS was employed to simulate the continuous flow of Gajahwong River, particularly in Wonokromo Outlet. The continuous flow was simulated from the year 2012 until 2015 based on observed discharge data availability. Comparison between simulated and observed discharge was quantified by using R2, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and PBIAS statistic value. The statistic above parameter values yielded a value of 0.90, 0.58, and 2.02%, respectively for daily time series simulation.
Identify the physical characteristics of bedload transport using accelerometer
Authors: Harsanto P , Kamiel B P , Nursetiawan
Published: December 2021

Real-time sediment transport discharge monitoring in rivers is a challenge. One of the difficulties is the existence of the transport sediment on the bottom of the river bed, the water flow making it invisible to the naked eye, and the flow of velocity itself creates a barrier to measure and install devices in the river. Vibration-based sediment transport measuring instruments have been developed in developed countries. Only a few people in Indonesia have created a technique for quantifying transport sediment. The experiment was carried out in a flume with sediment of a specified diameter flowing through it. An accelerometer was installed at the bottom to measure the vibration induced by the sediment movement at the channel’s bottom. Impact energy is created when sediment grains collide with the channel’s bottom. The amount and size of the sediment determine how much energy is released. The accelerometer measures the amplitude of the vibration signal that is produced by the energy. The statistical parameters can be used with alternating quantities of data. The findings of the experiments reveal that the larger the parameters value linearly with the sediment grain size.
The Effect of Climate Change on Rain Characteristics in the Mepanga Watershed
Authors: Sutapa I W , Yassir A , Andita W
Published: December 2021

Climate change has brought changes to the characteristics of the rain, wherein the rainy season duration is short; however, the dry season is getting longer. This study aims to detect the climate change presence or absence, identify the relationship of climate change to the nature of rainfall, and the relationship of climate change to rainy, humid and dry months. This research was conducted in the Mepanga Watershed, Parigi Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Makesens method is used for climate change detection. The rainfall characteristics use standard deviation statistical methods; furthermore, the Oldman method is used for dry, humid, and wet months. The data used is rainfall data for 30 years (1990-2019) from Kayu Agung Station. The results show that there has been a climate change in the Mepanga watershed. Marked by a Z ≠ zero value, where there is a positive trend (Z> 0) and a negative trend (Z <0). The increase in rainfall and conversely indicates the positive trend; otherwise, a decrease in rainfall indicates a negative trend. There is an effect of climate change on the nature of rain, wet, humid and dry months but not significant.
The Effect of Urban Drainage on The Determination The Time of Storage In The City Development Area
Authors: Imaadiiddiin M H , Saud I , Azis S K , Wahyudi H , Adiningtyas T
Published: December 2021

Increasing development activities in various fields in Surabaya will impact the occurrence of flooding, where the growth of residential buildings changes the function of the drainage area into runoff land. Therefore, there is a need for regional drainage recommendations. This study aims to provide a reference for a safe number that follows the storage needs and the duration of the peak partial drainage required by the region, following the study of water resources science. The data needed are rainfall data, average area, land function, and land slope maps. This study uses a 5-year return period probability. Moreover, the Nakayasu Hydrograph method is also used. It has a grace period starting from the rain surface to the top of the hydrograph, the area of the watershed, and the length of the main river channel. The comparison of the length of time of concentration (Tc) of the area with the length of waiting for time (Tp) of the urban drainage hydrograph shows that the area’s Tc value is greater than the Tp value of the urban drainage.
Projecting land use changes and its consequences for hydrological response in the New Capital City of Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan I , Suhardjono  , Bisri M , Suhartanto E , Septiangga B , Munajad R
Published: December 2021

The Indonesian government intends to build a New Capital City in East Kalimantan Province, with a total development area of 56.000 ha located in existing forest and palm oil plantations. This study will look at the fast changes in land use throughout the urbanization process from 2020 to 2045. They will impact surface runoff and increase flood risk in the future. However, this study primarily focuses on modelling to simulate and predict land use changes in the landscape of the primary river basin in the New Capital City. Land use maps for the years 2013 to 2020 were generated using image classification from Landsat images. The CLUE-S semi-empirical model was used for simulations. The modelling effort included a land use/cover change with three scenarios. The simulation revealed that mainland use/cover types will rapidly increase from 2020 to 2045, particularly in converting forest, fishpond, and plantation areas into urban areas and open fields. According to the New Capital scenario model, the built-up area would continue to expand dramatically with a 742.46 % change. In a future study, a surface runoff will be estimated using the HEC-HMS and SCS-CN models.
The Preliminary Study for Increasing the Productivity of Unit Tamban Lowland Irrigation Area based on Fact Findings of Observations
Authors: Rahajeng F S S , Jayadi R , Maas A
Published: December 2021

Unit Tamban is a fork system of lowland irrigation areas in Kapuas District. It has three primary canals, and each of them has a settling pond at the end. Most of the 3,506 ha planting area still apply once a year cropping patterns. A quick assessment based on field observations is carried out to determine the existing problems, including water management, water quality, and soil quality. The problem in the water management system is silting in the primary and secondary canals. The settling pond at the primary canal was no longer functioning, and it makes the silting worse because the water flow became uncontrolled. Water quality is measured with pH and TDS, the average pH at canal water was 4,22, and TDS was 71 mg/l. The soil type is mainly acid sulphate with pyritic materials, mostly 70 cm below the surface. Increasing cropping patterns twice a year requires improving the water circulations and increasing the soil pH higher than five. The problem in the secondary canal is expected to solve by changing the flow pattern from two way to 1-way flow is needed to avoid dead spots of water so that the leaching processes can work well.
Determination of Priority Areas for Groundwater Development by Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process Method in Rote Island
Authors: Syafarini H , Hendrayana H , Winardi S
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine other exploration targets related to priority areas for groundwater utilization development on Rote Island. In arranging priority areas for groundwater development, remote sensing data and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are integrated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The parameters used are lineament (F), lithology (L), slope (T), drainage density (D), and rainfall (R). F, T, and D were obtained from DEM map analysis. L was obtained from regional geological maps. Moreover, R was obtained from annual rainfall data from the rain station of the study area. All parameters were overlaid using GIS and assign weights using the AHP method. The results will be compared to the locations of springs and wells scattered in the study area. There are five classifications of potential groundwater areas on Rote Island, namely very high is 34 km2 in the East part; high is 383.25 km2 in the South, East, and Northeast part; moderate is 549.50 km2 in the North and South part; low is 246.50 km2 and very low is 2.198 km2 in the West part of the research area. Considering the existing observation springs in Rote Island using average yields in each classification area confirms the correctness of the potential groundwater areas.
Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping in Muntilan and its Surrounding Area, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Aribowo K , Wilopo W , Barianto D H
Published: December 2021

Groundwater resources are vital for residents in Muntilan Sub-District and its surrounding area in Central Java. The residents use groundwater for daily consumption by developing dug wells. Therefore, groundwater sources from contamination should be protected to guarantee sustainable groundwater use in this area. Groundwater vulnerability maps can be used as basic information to prevent groundwater contamination, land-use planning, and groundwater resources management. Therefore, this study aims to develop the groundwater vulnerability map in the Muntilan, Salam, Ngluwar Sub-Districts, Magelang Regency, Central Java. The vulnerability assessment used the DRASTIC method. The method has used the sum of the weighting of various parameters, including topography, net recharge, groundwater depth, the impact of the vadose zone, soil media, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, and aquifer media. The analysis results described that the DRASTIC Index (DI) value ranges from low to high levels, low levels, and the moderate level of vulnerability covers Muntilan sub-district and salam sub-district, while high levels of vulnerability are located in Muntilan, Ngluwar, and Salam Sub-Districts. Therefore, this vulnerability can be used for regional spatial planning and groundwater protection in the district.
Preliminary Conceptual Model of Hydrogeological System in The Raimanuk and its Surrounding Area on the Timor Island
Authors: Bukhari A M W , Hendrayana H , Setiawan H
Published: December 2021

There are several areas with groundwater potential in Timor island, one of which is the Raimanuk and its surrounding area. This study aims to determine the hydrogeological system in the Raimanuk and its surrounding area. The hydrogeological system is determined by the geological conditions, geomorphology, lithology, and groundwater flow patterns. Geological conditions and groundwater flow patterns are provided by conducting a field investigation. Twenty shallow wells and four springs were measured to provide the groundwater contour. The geoelectrical survey was conducted at eleven points to analyze subsurface lithology. The results show that the geology of the study area is dominated by alluvium (west area), carbonate siltstone, and crystalline limestone (middle to the east area). There are two types of aquifers in the study area: unconfined aquifers and confined aquifers with gravel sandstone lithology. The groundwater flow pattern shows that the groundwater movement is from the east to the southwest. Moreover, the groundwater also moved from the northern, southern, and western of the study area. It is implied that the aquifer’s shape at the Raimanuk area is formed as a bowl-like shape influenced by the geological, geomorphological conditions.
Study on behavior of ponding time based on characteristics of infiltration rate and rainfall intensity with varying return period
Authors: Harisuseno D , Hidayati I K , Khaeruddin D N
Published: December 2021

Runoff management is based on two main concepts: controlling runoff discharge and managing concentration (Tc).Tcis closely related to understanding ponding time (tp), which is associated with estimating the length oftpon a land surface. The present study aims to investigate the behavior oftpdue to varying infiltration rates (f) and rainfall intensities (i) with different return periods (Tr). The ponding time (tp) was derived from graph analysis of infiltration rate and rainfall intensity withTr2, 5, and 10 years. Infiltration measurements were conducted at 8 points using a double-ring infiltrometer. Meanwhile, rainfall data were obtained from 2010 to 2019. The observedtp(tpobs) was derived through overlying between infiltration rate curve and rainfall intensity. In contrast, empiricaltp(tpemp) was estimated using Horton’s formula. The result confirms that the infiltration rate followed an exponential curve and varying rainfall intensities. Infiltration rates give vary intpwhere the longerTr, the faster the initial time oftp. There was fairly good consistency betweentpobsandtpempas shown by relatively high-valueR2>0.6) forTr2, 5, and 10 years. It indicates that the Horton’s formula has reliable to estimatetpin the study area.
Best management practices for erosion and sedimentation control of The Sermo Watershed
Authors: Rofikha A A , Saputra Y , Islami F A
Published: December 2021

Erosion and sedimentation problems caused by human activities disturbed the primary conditions of the watershed. This situation was also influenced by significant hydrometeorological shifts and high rainfall, which increased soil erosion. These inclement watershed conditions resulted in high sedimentation rates and caused severe problems for the quality and quantity of water in the reservoir. This study aims to solve the Sermo watershed problems by calculating the value of erosion and sedimentation, then providing a solution to deal with these problems in the form of Best Management Practices (BMP). This research used a USLE method to calculate the erosion and sedimentation rate. The calculation results showed that 40.86% of Sermo Reservoir within 809.12 hectares was classified as a high level of erosion. Further recommendations for overcoming this condition were made by referring to BMP for erosion and sediment control, including structures and soil water conservation. Further recommendations to address this condition were made regarding BMP for controlling water, maintaining soil stability, controlling sedimentation, and managing and maintaining optimal watersheds.
Flash Flood Disaster Reconstruction for Estimating the Available Warning Time, the Case in Sempor River on 21st of February 2020, Mt. Merapi Slope, Yogyakarta Special Region
Authors: Sathya K , Rahardjo A P , Jayadi R
Published: December 2021

Flash floods are hazardous events characterized by short response times. The occurrences of flash flood disasters have increased significantly in the last few years, producing a remarkable casualty number globally. On February 21st, 2020, a flash flood occurred in the Sempor River of the Mount Merapi slope, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, causing a significant death of high school students. This study aims to reconstruct the river’s hydrologic and hydraulic conditions and identify the available warning time based on the flash flood event. This study extracted the catchment configuration from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using the GIS technique. A simulation of flood hydrograph at a control point used the HEC-HMS model, the SCS Curve Number Loss method, and the SCS Unit Hydrograph. The simulated flood hydrograph was inputted into the one-dimensional unsteady flow model of HEC-RAS to simulate water depth and flow velocity. The calibration process adjusts both models’ parameters by comparing the simulated peak discharge with the surveyed data. The modelling results provide warning time components. The results of this study can support the decision-making in flash flood risk mitigation for the local communities.
Study of Liquefaction Potential at Sabo dam Construction on Poi and Bangga River, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Fauzan  , Rifa’i A , Ismanti S
Published: December 2021

The Palukoro fault, an active sinistral fault that cuts through Sulawesi Island, was the cause of the earthquake and liquefaction disaster in Palu and Sigi Regency in 2018. A series of studies related to liquefaction have been carried out since then but more focused on the west side of the Palu River. This research will raise the potential for liquefaction on the eastern side of the Palu river, precisely in the sabo dam area at Poi and Bangga River. These rivers are located on the opposite side of the Sibalaya liquefaction area. Liquefaction potential was calculated using the Simplified Procedure Method based on NSPT values. Fifteen and twelve boreholes are located at Bangga and Poi rivers, respectively. The qualitative analysis assessed the criteria of vulnerability based on geological factors, groundwater levels, and seismicity. The Liquefaction Potential Index method was used and calculated using several earthquake scenarios based on historical data and potential earthquakes of The Palu-koro fault. Based on LPI analysis, the Poi River has meager potential at the middle stream area and moderate level potential at the downstream. Bangga River has moderate to high liquefaction potential downstream and low to very low potential at the middle stream.
Potential Study of Liquefaction in the Downstream Area of Jono Oge-Paneki River, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Widyatmoko A , Legono D , Hardiyatmo H C
Published: December 2021

Liquefaction during an earthquake is likely to occur in the quaternary geological layer of sediment. Based on the geological process, the mainland of Central Sulawesi was initially a sea lifted upward to become land Palu-Koro fault. Therefore, the land is basically of basic alluvium soil formation, sand deposits, and loose rock. The earthquake in Central Sulawesi in September 2018 was the cause of liquefaction, one of which was in the Jono Oge area, where most of the flow entered the Paneki river. This paper analyzed the potential for recurrent liquefaction by considering the soil structure and water level conditions. The authors focused on the downstream areas of the Paneki River, which passes through Langaleso and Kabobona Village. The data used is N-SPT data, followed by examining post-liquefaction settlement and lateral displacement. This study uses several variations of the earthquake magnitude and potential earthquakes that may occur. The results of observations indicate that the soil conditions of the study area are cohesionless soil. The liquefaction analysis shows that most of the research areas have liquefaction, land subsidence, and lateral displacement potential.
Flash Flood Characteristics of Ciberang River, Its Impact and Mitigation
Authors: Say V , Legono D , Rahardjo A P , Yuniawan R A
Published: December 2021

Flash flood is a deadly natural disaster that develops at space and time scales caused by high rainfall intensities and frequently occurs. It occurs in mountainous regions with steep slope relief and often causes a loss of economy, society, and environment and threatens human lives. The Ciberang river is located at Lebak district, Banten Province, and has been experiencing a significant flash flood from December 31, 2019 to January 01, 2020, which contributed to various damages, including households nearby the river. In this study, the impact areas were identified with the HEC-RAS model and satellite image data. The impact area was damage on eight sub-districts, including agriculture (77.86 Ha), buildings (0.80 Ha), roads (2.5 km), and nine bridges. In addition, this study tried to build Sabo Dam upstream of Banjar Irigasi sub-districts to respond to the flash flood occurrence. The results have reduced the discharge to around 40 m3/s, and the travel time was delayed about 53 min. The results of this study help the community and decision-makers be ready for further flash flood disasters.
The Development of Closure Dike as Countermeasure of Sedimentation in the Wonogiri Reservoir, Indonesia
Authors: Winari T , Mardjono A , Juwono P T , Sisinggih D , Legono D , Setiyantono  , Windianita K , Hidayat F
Published: December 2021

The problem of reservoir sedimentation occurs worldwide, including in the Wonogiri reservoir, Indonesia. The reservoir was built from 1977 to 1980, but the dam faces a severe problem of sedimentation. Sediment inflow in the Wonogiri Reservoir comes from several sources, especially from Keduang River, a tributary from Mount Lawu. The sediment management problems are generally complicated and different in every place. In some conditions, it will be possible to prevent sediment from entering the reservoir by adding an internal barrier as applied in the Wonogiri Reservoir. The reservoir is divided into two reservoirs by a closure dike equipped with an overflow dike and a new spillway. This paper will describe the development of closure dike based on field observation and data obtained from the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. Moreover, this paper will also describe the sedimentation status of the Wonogiri reservoir based on the recent bathymetric data. The development of closure dike already completed, which consists of Closure Dike A (700 m), B (700 m), C (302 m), and Overflow Dike (298 m). The recent bathymetric survey revealed that the capacity of effective storage of the main reservoir is 322.84 MCM.
Review on Co-factors Triggering Flash Flood Occurrences in Indonesian Small Catchments
Authors: Zain A , Legono D , Rahardjo A P , Jayadi R
Published: December 2021

Flash flood is defined as “a flood of short duration with a relatively high peak discharge,” which leaves little time to take action to reduce property damage and the risk to life. Flash floods occur not only because of heavy rainfall but some co-factors that can trigger it. This study aims to determine the co-factors that trigger the flash flood. Observations are carried out using a descriptive-qualitative approach of five small catchments in Indonesia, namely Bahorok Catchment (Langkat, North Sumatra), Kalijompo, and Kalipakis Catchment (Jember, East Java), Nasiri Catchment (Western Seram, Maluku), Wasior Catchment (Wondama Bay, West Papua). The dominant co-factors are related to rainfall IDF, morphological characteristics (slope, channel properties, flow pattern), geological conditions (rock, soil, structure, geohydrology), catchment conditions (vegetation, land use). Flash floods generally occur due to landslides in the upstream part of the river. Debris consisting of water, rock, and tree trunks can stem the river’s flow and form natural dams. In five flash flood cases under investigation, the causes of a flash flood triggered by heavy rainfall and the morphological characteristics are 60% and 40%, respectively. The quantitative measure of each co-factor that triggers flash floods is essential for further research to identify flash flood symptoms.
Dam Break Analysis of Gembong Dam Using Zhong Xing HY21
Authors: Milleanisa K E , Juwono P T , Asmaranto R , Ayu M
Published: December 2021

Dams are a form of effort to conserve or protect water resources. The function of the Dam as a reservoir for water, irrigation, power generation, and flood control. However, in addition to its huge benefits, dam construction also can endanger the community’s safety, namely in the form of dam breaks. The main causes of dam break are overtopping and piping. So that analysis is needed related to dam break to minimize the impact. Based on the Zhong Xing HY21 software, the most severe impact of the break of the Gembong Dam was due to overtopping using the QInflow PMF design flood of 724.142 m3/s. It resulted in an inundation area of 54.682 km2 with a maximum inundation height of 5.129 m. As a result of the break of the Gembong Dam, 37 villages downstream of the Gembong Dam were flooded. There are 80.819 people affected by this risk. It is stated that all affected villages are at the 4th hazard classification level or very high hazard.
Tsunami risk levels mapping in Puger Sub-District, Jember Regency
Authors: Anindia E P , Hidayah E , Wiyono R U A
Published: December 2021

Puger sub-district is categorized as a tsunami-prone area because of its location in the South Coast, directly facing the Indian Ocean, which is the meeting point for two active tectonic plates. The active plate zone is prone to causing earthquakes that raise tsunamis. This article will describe the tsunami hazard and vulnerability level in Puger sub-district using the Geographic Information System (GIS) application. The method in this study uses a weighted overlay method. The weighting method is carried out to determine the level of tsunami hazard and vulnerability by following the weighting criteria in previous studies. Physical vulnerability criteria include land elevation, slope, beach type, land use, coastline distance, and rivers. The tsunami hazard level is determined based on the tsunami run-up map from previous studies. Based on the results of the risk mapping, it was found that there were five risk categories in Puger sub-district, namely the very low level (13.90 Ha), low level (271.99 Ha), medium level (7133.25 Ha), high level (644.22 Ha), and very high level (23.29 Ha).
Frequency ratio application for mapping flood susceptibility in Welang Watershed, East Java
Authors: Aprilia R , Hidayah E , Junita K D
Published: December 2021

Flood is one of the disaster threats downstream of Welang river, Pasuruan. A flood susceptibility map is needed to anticipate floods disasters. This research aimed to map flood Susceptibility in the Welang watershed using a Geographical Information System. In determining flood hazard, the Frequency Ratio (FR) approach was used. Flood locations were identified from the interpretation of field survey data as training data and model validation. The data were represented in a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) map, geological data, land use, river data, and Landsat Satellite Imagery and processed into a spatial database on the GIS platform. The factors that caused flooding consisted of Flood inventory, slope, Elevation, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Flow Accumulation, Distance to the river, River Density, Rainfall, Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Landuse. The map results with acceptable accuracy showed that the FR model gained an Area Under Curve (AUC) value of 90%, and the incidence for the Area Under Curve ( AUC ) was 93%. It is known that 1% of the flood-prone area is very high. The local Government can use the research to minimize the risk of flooding in the Welang watershed.
Geotechnical Properties of Bauxite: A Case Study in Bukit Goh, Kuantan, Malaysia
Authors: Hasan M , Zaini M S I , Zulkafli A S , Wahab A , Hokabi A A , Masri K A , Jaya R P , Hyodo M , Winter M J , Sholichin M , Haribowo R , Zulkafli M S
Published: December 2021

The research focuses on the basic and morphological characteristics to ensure bauxite ore reached the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code (IMSBC Code) standard before being exported to other countries. The testing procedure, referred to as Geo-spec 3: Model Specification for Soil Testing, was performed to discover the basic parameters of the soil, including pore size distribution, water content, particle density, and morphology qualities. At Bukit Goh, Kuantan, about four (4) samples were chosen, whereas two (2) samples were from the stockpile and two (2) samples were from the Bukit Goh mine. The results illustrated that the mean water content of the soil is 20.64% which is above 10% of the recommended value. The value of Bulk Density is not in the range of 1190 kg/m3 to 1389 kg/m3, which is 2836.25 kg/m3 and the particle size distribution for fine material is greater than 30%, and coarse material is less than 70%. The SEM examination revealed a high concentration of tiny particles in bauxite samples. Bukit Goh bauxite cannot be classified as group C under the IMSBC Code. As a result, the bauxite does not meet the criteria and cannot be shipped.
Study on sliding stability of porous-concrete retaining wall model test subjected to rainfall infiltration
Authors: Suryo E A , Arifi E , Zaika Y
Published: December 2021

The common disadvantage of a conventional retaining wall is a heavy object as a block that is difficult to lift and handle conveniently. A drainage pipe is commonly used to displace water from the backfill. In areas with high annual rainfall, the soil could be saturated in a short time and added lateral load significantly. In this study, porous concrete was utilized as a retaining wall material with the advantages of the lighter weight of the block and additional drainage capability due to its high void ratio. A set of a laboratory-scale retaining walls using conventional and porous concrete walls was investigated through three different rainfall modes. To initiate the instability condition, a vertical load was applied then the lateral moving was recorded using LVDT sensors. Soil moisture content sensors recorded hydrologic responses of the saturation process. The loading test results showed that the porous concrete wall model was being displaced less than experienced by the conventional concrete wall. It shows that the porous concrete wall model can withstand the load as the additional lateral load from infiltrated rainwater dissipates rapidly. Therefore, the porous concrete wall has the advantage of being used as a Retaining Wall Material.