bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phacoemulsification of cataract in the case of capsular bag damage
Authors: Rozukulov V. U. , Savranova T. N. , Yusupov A. F.
Published: December 2022

Purpose: to analyze the results of complicated cataract phacoemulsification with implantation of various types of intraocular lenses and fixation techniques. Material and methods. 48 patients (51 eyes) with complicated cataracts and weakened ligamentous apparatus of the lens or intraoperative rupture of the posterior lens capsule were divided into two groups: the study group I consisted of 21 patients (23 eyes, aged 71.4 ± 4.5 years) who had cataract phacoemulsification with an implantation of RSP-III IOL which was performed through a 2.4 mm small self-sealing incision using an injector and the control group II consisting of 27 patients (28 eyes, aged 73.6 ± 4.1 years) who had. Cataract phacoemulsification with an anterior chamber IOL implantation using an incision widened to 6.0 mm. Results. By the end of 1-year follow-up period, uncorrected visual acuity was 0.8 ± 0.1 in group 1 and 0.5 ± 0.1 in group II. In 100% of the patients of group 1 the correct position of the IOL was achieved in the early postoperative period (1–3 days) and maintained in the late period (1 year), whereas in group II, two eyes of 28 operated (7.14 %) showed a forward displacement of the anterior chamber IOL, which involved a contact with corneal endothelium. IOP stayed within the normal range in 21 eyes of group I patients (91.3 %), albeit two eyes (8.7 %) revealed transitory hypertension. In group II, 21 eyes (75 %) had normal IOP in the first three postoperative days, while 7 eyes (25 %) revealed an IOP increased to 29–30 mm Hg. In contrast to group I, group II patients showed induced corneal astigmatism which was decreasing during the follow-up period. Conclusion. In the case of a rupture of the posterior capsule during cataract phacoemulsification, or failure of the ligamentous apparatus of the lens of various origins, the implantation of the RSP-III IOL through a small self-sealing incision using an injector is the method of choice, which allows achieving a stable position of the IOL in the early and long-term follow-up periods, and high visual acuity with the minimal values of corneal astigmatism.
Short-term results of wearing spectacle lenses with embedded rings of highly aspherical lenslets Stellest™ for myopia control
Authors: Tarutta E. P. , Proskurina O. V. , Tarasova N. A. , Arutyunyan S. G. , Milash S. V. , Markossian G. A.
Published: December 2022

Purpose: to evaluate near visual work performance of those wearing spectacles with Stellest™ lenses and the impact of their continuous wear on refraction changes, accommodation and binocular interaction after 6 months from the start of use. Material and methods. 35 children aged 8-13 with myopia of 3.15 ± 0.19 D were prescribed eyeglasses with Stellest™ lenses. 32 children with myopia of 2.68 ± 0.18 D who used monofocal glasses served as control. Visual performance, refraction, axial length (AL), accommodation and binocular interaction were assessed. Results. According to the Burdon test, the number of errors in counting letters in Stellest™ glasses was 4.5 ± 0.64, whilst in monofocal glasses it was- significantly less, 2.96 ± 0.42 (p < 0.05); the rate of test progress was the same in the two groups. After 6 months from the start of wearing Stellest™ glasses, the objective cycloplegic refraction increased by 0.11 ± 0.04 D, the average year progression rate (YPR) was 0.22 ± 0.08 D. In contrast, the children wearing monofocal glasses showed an average refraction increase of 0.35 ± 0.05 D, and the average YPR value of 0.7 ± 0.09 D. In the Stellest™group, YPG drop was observed in 87 % of cases and averaged 0.95 ± 0.11 D. In the control group, YPR was found to drop in 65 % of cases and averaged 0.49 ± 0.1 D. In the Stellest™ group, AL increased by 0.04 ± 0.02 mm; in the control group, the increase in AL was 2.8 times greater — by 0.11 ± 0.02 mm (p < 0.01). In the Stellest™ group, relative accommodation reserves (RAR) increased by 0.88 ± 0.14 D, which is significantly higher than in the group wearing monofocal glasses, where the increase was 0.39 ± 0.12 D (p < 0.01). No differences were revealed between the groups in objective indicators of accommodation and binocular interaction. Conclusion. Wearing spectacles with Stellest™ lenses for 6 months contributes to slowing down the progression of myopia in children. Over the observation period, the refraction increase in the main group was 3.2 times lower than in the control group, whilst AL growth was 2.8 times lower than that in the control group. The children using spectacles with Stellest™ lenses showed a higher increase in RAR as compared to children wearing monofocal spectacles. The accommodation tone and objective accommodation parameters were essentially the same in both groups. Wearing Stellest™ glasses had no pronounced effect on binocular interaction.
Fact-Checking Algorithm in Regional Network Media
Authors: Komleva Vladlena , Solomin Valentin
Published: December 2022

The article raises the problem of fake news verification in mass media. Regional media are particularly notorious for poor fact-checking because their reporters often prefer promptness to quality. The analysis involved random news published on the local Kuzbass news platforms. The authors developed their own unified fact-checking algorithm that can facilitate the work of online media journalists. It works as a multicomponent verification method. The procedure includes checking proper names, information sources, quotations, details, and visual elements.
Category of Tonality Explicated in the Texts of Virtual Genre
Authors: Ryadovyh Natal'ya
Published: December 2022

The research dealt with the category of tonality explicated in the texts of virtual communication. It featured the official community of students, graduates, academics, and employees of the Ural State Law University in the Vkontakte social network. The research objective was to identify the specifics of tonality in the communicative and pragmatic aspects of the virtual genre. The method of categorical-textual analysis revealed the types of tonality that made up the tonal field of virtual communication, as well as their linguistic explication means at the lexical, morphological, syntactic, and graphical levels. A specific transformation of tonal varieties proved to be a characteristic feature of the hybrid virtual genre: it combined a monologue text and a reflective commentary on it. The neutral and benevolent tonalities of the monologue tonal core were complemented by peripheral varieties of the commentary text with pleading and disapproving tonalities. In the commentary texts, the tonality of benevolence remained in the core, while the neutral tonality became peripheral. The communicative and pragmatic solution was evaluated as positive when the tonality in the tonal core of monologue texts and comments was benevolent, or when the neutral tonality of the monologue text turned benevolent in the commentary. These tactics yielded a positive perception of the information presented by the sender of the message.
Institutional and policy process for climate-smart agriculture: evidence from Nagaland State, India
Authors: Patra Nirmal K. , Babu Suresh Chandra
Published: December 2022

A critical global policy question is how the environmental management interventions could be repurposed to meet the sustainable development goals and their target for food security, climate protection, and environmental sustainability. A common challenge facing food systems in developing countries is to improve agricultural productivity to ensure food security for all without increasing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from agriculture. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) approaches help to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture and address the challenges of climate change (CC) and food insecurity. Yet, CSA lack understanding of the institutional arrangements and policy processes. This paper examines 38 aspects to assess the institutional and policy status for CC mitigation and adaptation and CSA in Nagaland, India. Furthermore, we use these aspects to develop a scale to measure the policy and institutional environment for mitigation and adaptation of CC and implementation of CSA. Nagaland is relatively in a better position in nine aspects, although it can improve. Methodologically, the scale developed in this paper and the identified factors can help study the institutional and policy status of a country, state, or region. We identify several implications for understanding CC and CSA institutions and policies for informing policy research and practice.
Satisfacción del egresado de la residencia de enfermeria, con su formación académica en una universidad pública de Lima, 2022
Authors: Buitrón Vargas Paulina
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Determinar el grado de satisfacción del egresado de la residencia en enfermería, con su formación académica en una Universidad Pública de Lima 2022. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, diseño de tipo descriptivo y transversal retrospectivo. La población estuvo conformada por 92 enfermeras egresadas de la residencia en enfermería de una Universidad Pública. Para evaluar la satisfacción se utilizó como instrumento un cuestionario validado. Resultados: En relación a la satisfacción del egresado con su formación académica, predominó un nivel alto con un 76,09% con 70 participantes, seguido por el regular con 21,7% con 20 participantes y un nivel bajo con 2,17% con 2 participantes. Referente a sus imensiones, la fiabilidad 76 participantes representan el 82,6% tienen una satisfacción alta, seguido de 14 con 15,2% con regular satisfacción y 2 participantes 2,2% con baja satisfacción; en la dimensión capacidad de respuesta 31 participantes 33,7% tienen una satisfacción alta, seguido de 52 con 56,5% poseen una regular satisfacción y 9 tienen una baja satisfacción 9,8%; con respecto a la seguridad 69 participantes 75% tienen una satisfacción alta, seguido 19 participantes tienen un 20,70% de satisfacción y 4 participantes un 4,3% de satisfacción; en la dimensión empatía 77 participantes 83,7% tienen una alta satisfacción, con una regular satisfacción 13 participantes equivalentes a un 14,1% y 2 participantes 2,2% tienen una baja satisfacción; en relación a los aspectos tangibles 43 participantes 46,7% indicaron tener una alta satisfacción, 46 indicaron tener una regular satisfacción equivalente al 50% y 3 participantes 3,3% indicaron con baja satisfacción. Conclusiones: La mayoría de residentes egresados tuvieron un nivel alto de satisfacción con su formación académica, seguido de regular y baja. En cuanto a las dimensiones, fiabilidad, seguridad y empatía predominó el nivel alto, mientras que, en la capacidad de respuesta y aspectos tangibles predominó el nivel regular.
Experiencias centradas en la mejora del Programa de continuidad de cuidados de un Centro de Salud Mental Comunitario, 2018-2021
Authors: Quispe Carmelo Marco Antonio , Ayala Mendívil Ronald Espíritu
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Sistematizar las experiencias en la mejora del Programa de Continuidad de Cuidados del Centro de Salud Mental Comunitario La Victoria, Perú. Materiales y métodos: La investigación se configuró dentro de un enfoque cualitativo, diseño investigación acción participante, cumpliendo las fases de diagnóstico, planificación, ejecución, sistematización y evaluación. Participaron 8 profesionales de la salud y 5 usuarios con problemas de salud mental. Se obtuvo la información mediante entrevistas a los grupos focales y revisión documental, donde emergieron tres categorías producto de la triangulación de la información aportada por los informantes. Resultados: Las experiencias centradas en la mejora delprograma de continuidad de cuidados del Centro de Salud Mental permitieron mediante la aplicación la mejora de atención en función al cambio del enfoque basado en las necesidades del usuario desde una visión humanizadora e interdisciplinaria; con relación a la mejora de la continuidad de cuidados, se incrementó los cuidados y respondió a las necesidades diagnósticas y clínicas de manera sistemática. En atención a la mejora de los criterios, emergió especificaciones definidas tomando en cuenta la sintomatología de los usuarios, la clasificación de riesgo que facilitó el direccionamiento de la evaluación multidimensional y regulación de las intervenciones, lo cual benefició a los participantes del programa. Conclusiones: La sistematización permite mejoras en el programa mediante la aplicación de un plan de actividades que facilitaron hacer los cambios en la estructura organizacional funcional del Programa de continuidad de cuidados.
Gestión estratégica del comercio electrónico en los consumidores de la empresa Sky Perú SAC
Authors: Seminario Unzueta Randall Jesús , Quintana Hilares Antoni Cirilo , Castro Gumán Enrique , Tam Wong Fernando Luis
Published: December 2022

Objetivos: determinar la gestión estratégica del comercio electrónico en los consumidores de la empresa Sky Perú S.A.C. Materiales y métodos: esta investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo aplicada, y su diseño metodológico es una investigación no experimental de corte transversal, el nivel de la investigación es descriptivo; contando con una muestra conformada por 200 consumidores de la empresa Sky Perú SAC que realizan compras mediante páginas web, la técnica que se utilizó durante la recolección de datos fue la encuesta y el instrumento fue el cuestionario con 21 ítems y 6 dimensiones, los datos fueron analizados mediante el software SPSS 26. Resultados: indican que la gestión estratégica del comercio electrónico se determinó por un nivel bajo con un 60,5%, seguido con un nivel alto de 18%, un nivel muy bajo con un 14,5% y un nivel muy alto con 7%; en relación a las dimensiones compra de bienes o servicios (66%), medios de pago (66%), páginas web informáticas (69%) y uso de red informática (37%). Conclusiones: en cuanto a la gestión estratégica del comercio electrónico en los consumidores, se debe implementar los mecanismos controlados de compra y venta electrónica que permitan que el consumidor confíe y realice compras en los medios virtuales más utilizados.
La COVID-19 continua entre nosotros: no bajemos la guardia
Authors: Matta Solis Eduardo Percy
Published: December 2022

El mundo continúa lidiando con sucesivas oleadas de la enfermedad por COVID-19, impulsadas por la aparición de variantes virales. Debemos reforzar los cuidados en las personas mayores y vulnerables. El nivel de gravedad está relacionado con la edad y la presencia de comorbilidades que hacen más vulnerable la condición de salud de las personas. Se resalta papel vital de la vacunación para prevenir enfermedades potencialmente mortales y mejorar la salud mundial. Las personas que padecen de enfermedades de evolución crónica, deben vacunarse, ya que ello reduce el riesgo de un mayor deterioro de la salud y muerte. Todavía hay un porcentaje importante de la población que no quieren vacunarse o dudan en hacerlo, para ello es importante hacer esfuerzos para contrarrestar la vacilación de la población.
Finalmente señalar que la pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado significativamente a las personas para que se desvíen de los comportamientos de estilo de vida normales. Dentro de los impactos negativos, tenemos una mayor incidencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, y la limitación de las interacciones humanas con consecuencias psicológicas.  Los profesionales de la salud tienen aún desafíos que enfrentar.
Mitral Valve Prolapse and Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes at High Risk
Authors: Vriz Olga , Landi Irene , Eltayeb Abdalla , Limongelli Giuseppe , Mos Lucio , Delise Pietro , Bossone Eduardo , D`Andrea Antonello
Published: December 2022

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most frequent valvulopathy in the general population,
with usually a favourable prognosis. Although it can be associated with some complications,
ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are the most worrying. The estimated
risk of SCD in MVP is between 0.2% to 1.9% per year, including MVP patients with and without
severe mitral regurgitation (MR). The association between SCD and MVP is expressed by a
phenotype called “malignant MVP” characterized by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) findings
such as bileaflet myxomatous prolapse and mitral annulus disjunction (MAD), ECG findings
such as repolarization abnormalities, complex ventricular arrhythmias (c-VAs) and LV fibrosis of
papillary muscles (PMs) and inferobasal wall visualized by late gadolinium enhancement cardiac
magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR). Therefore, attention is raised for patients with “arrhythmic
MVP” characterized from an ECG point of view by frequent premature ventricular contractions
(PVCs) arising from one or both PMs as well as by T-wave inversion in the inferolateral leads. In
athletes, SCD is the most frequent medical cause of death and in young subjects (< 35 years) usually
is due to electrical mechanism affecting who has a silent cardiovascular disease and are not considered
per se a cause of increased mortality. In MVP, SCD was reported to happen during sports
activity or immediately after and valve prolapse was the only pathological aspect detected.
The aim of the present paper is to explore the association between SCD and MVP in athletes, focusing
attention on ECG, TTE in particular, and CMR findings that could help to identify subjects
at high risk for complex arrhythmias and eventually SCD. In addition, it is also examined if sports
activity might predispose patients with MVP to develop major arrhythmias.
Sulphur Containing Heterocyclic Compounds as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Kaur Balwinder , Singh Gurdeep , Singh Iqubal
Published: December 2022

After cardiovascular disease, cancer is the most common cause of death worldwide. Due to their versatility,
heterocyclic compounds play an important role in drug discovery. Medical remedies are constantly being discovered,
especially for catastrophic disorders such as cancer. Here, this review is focused on sulphur containing heterocyclic
compounds as anticancer agents. Sulphur is found in a variety of vitamin cofactors, sugars, and nucleic acids, and it
also plays a function in controlling translation by sulphurating transfer RNA. Sulphur has obtained a lot of interest in
the anticancer research medicinal fields. Thiophene derivatives were tested for anti-proliferative activity against breast
cancer cells in a recent screening study, and the bulk of chemicals exhibited potent inhibitory effects. In recent years,
azoles such as thiazole and thiadiazole structures have gained prominence in cancer research.
Signal Assessment Using ML for Evaluation of WSN Framework in
Greenhouse Monitoring
Authors: Kochhar Aarti , Kumar Naresh , Arora Utkarsh
Published: December 2022

Background and Objective:

The deployment of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) provides a useful aid for monitoring greenhouse-like environments. WSN helps in achieving precision agriculture i.e. more yield can be produced with precise inputs. Before the deployment of a sensor network, it is necessary to explore the communication range of nodes. Communication signals are affected by losses due to stems, fruits, twigs, leaves, infrastructure material, etc. in a greenhouse. So as part of the deployment strategy, signal assessment is required in the greenhouse.

Methods:

This research work proposes a Machine Learning (ML) based signal assessment for the evaluation of WSN deployment in different structures of a tomato greenhouse. Signal strength is measured for a naturally ventilated greenhouse and a fan-pad ventilated greenhouse. Measurements for the naturally ventilated greenhouse are considered with two case scenarios i.e. with transmitter and receiver in the same lane and with transmitter and receiver in different lanes. Models are developed for measured values and evaluated in terms of correlation and error between measured and model formulated values.

Results and Conclusion:

For the naturally ventilated greenhouse case scenario 1, correlation increases from 91.83% to 95.42% as the degree increases from 2 to 7. Correlation for naturally ventilated greenhouse case scenario 2 rises from 72.51% at degree 2 to 90.09% at degree 10. For the fan-pad ventilated greenhouse, the model has a more complex fitting because of the spatial variability within the greenhouse. Correlation of the model increases from 79.39% to 84.06 % with an increase in degree from 2 to 11. For the naturally ventilated greenhouse, better correlation is achieved at lower degrees compared to the fan-pad ventilated greenhouse.
PSİKOLOJİK DANIŞMA VE REHBERLİK LİSANS ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN UZAKTAN EĞİTİM SÜRECİNDE UYGULAMALI DERSLERİN YÜRÜTÜLMESİNE İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: Gündeğer Ceylan , Gündoğdu Rezzan
Published: December 2022

Aralık 2019’da ortaya çıkan ve Mart 2020’de tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan Covid-19 pandemisi ile birlikte üniversiteler uzaktan eğitim ile yola devam etmeye karar vermiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik (PDR) Anabilim Dalı’nda, Bireyle Psikolojik Danışma ve Alan Çalışması gibi uygulamalı derslere, uzaktan eğtim sürecinin getirdiği avantajların ve dezavatjaların belirlenmesi, bunların derinlemesine incelenmesi ve öğrencilerin sorunlara getirdiği ve/veya getirilmesini istediği çözüm önerilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları yardımıyla, yüz yüze ve çevrim içi ortamda, 10-15 kişilik öğrenci gruplarıyla, odak grup görüşmeleri yapılmıştır. Veri analizinde içerik analizi uygulanmış; uzmanlar arası uyum için Miles ve Huberman katsayısı 0.90 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, PDR öğrencilerinin büyük bir kısmı (%77) uzaktan eğitim sürecinin eğitim hayatlarını olumsuz yönde etkilediğini; en önemli avantajın kendini geliştirmeleri için vakitlerinin kalması (%90) olduğunu; en önemli dezavantajın ise uygulama derslerinde okul atmosferini yaşayamamış olmaları (%40) ve kendilerini alanda yetkin hissedemiyor oluşları (%36) olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. PDR öğrencilerinin uygulamalı derslere yönelik çözümleri ise bulunulan ilde staj olanağının sağlanması (%22), ders sürelerinin uzatılması (%34) ve derslere etkin katılımın sağlanması (%44) şeklindedir.
HUBUNGAN KEDALAMAN KURVA SPEE DENGAN TINGKAT KEPARAHAN MALOKLUSI BERDASARKAN INDEKS PEER ASSESSMENT RATING (PAR)
Authors: Roeswahjuni Neny , Damaryanti Endah , Kurniawati Sari , Stephanie Sumar Gabriela
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang: Maloklusi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang cukup besar. Kurva spee yang datar merupakan salah satu syarat dari 6 kunci oklusi normal menurut Lawrence F Andrews dan kondisi maloklusi dapat dievaluasi dengan menggunakan indeks PAR. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kedalaman kurva spee dengan tingkat keparahan maloklusi berdasarkan indeks Peer Assessment Rating (PAR). Metode: Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan jenis penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 49 model studi rahang atas dan rahang bawah mahasiswa preklinik Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Brawijaya. Model studi yang dipilih adalah model studi dengan gigi permanen lengkap hingga molar kedua, kondisi model studi tidak pecah, retak, dan porus, dan tidak sedang melakukan perawatan ortodonti saat dilakukan pencetakan model studi. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil kedalaman kurva spee dengan tingkat keparahan maloklusi berdasarkan indeks PAR. Hasil pengukuran kemudian dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji normalitas Saphiro Wilk, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji homogenitas Levene’s Test, dan uji korelasi Pearson, setelah itu dilakukan uji pengaruh dengan menggunakan uji regresi. Hasil: Hasil analisa data menggunakan uji korelasi pearson terdapat korelasi yang positif,antara kedalaman kurva spee dengan tingkat keparahan maloklusi berdasarkan indeks Peer Assessment Rating dengan hasil sig<0.05. Didapatkan juga r hitung yang positif (r=0.606) artinya semakin tinggi kedalaman kurva spee maka indeks PAR juga semakin tinggi yang menunjukkan maloklusi yang semakin parah. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kedalaman kurva spee dengan tingkat keparahan maloklusi berdasarkan in Peer Asessment Rating (PAR). Kata Kunci: kurva spee, indeks Peer Asessment Rating, dan Maloklusi
A Comparative Study of the Work of Professional Caregivers of Battered Women
Authors: David Andrade Santos Karine , Pereira da Silva Joilson , Perez Tarrés Alicia , María Cantera Espinosa Leonor
Published: December 2022

The care service for women victims of violence constitutes a risk space for the manifestation of burnout syndrome and secondary post-traumatic stress disorder caused by listening to traumatic experiences. Therefore, this article aims to present a comparative picture of cross-cultural research carried out in Brazil and Spain with 32 subjects. The objectives are: to describe the work conditions, investigate the experience of attending to female victims of violence, and observe the self-care practices the professional group carried out at the personal, professional, collective, and institutional levels. The analysis of data from the Brazilian context was performed with Iramuteq through the descending hierarchical classification, which resulted in five classes, namely: assistance to women victims of violence; conflicts, violence, and professional activity; authors of harassment practices and working conditions; self-care personnel; managing obstacles in the work environment. The results collected from the Spanish professionals were also subjected to the same data analysis, resulting in five classes: trajectory, professional performance and working conditions; assistance to women victims of violence and forms of self-care; complaints about conflict and violence; personal self-care; forms of harassment and conflict. The elaboration that confronted the categories of the two surveys identified similarities regarding the subjective experience and distancing in the self-care characteristics undertaken by Brazilian and Spanish professionals. This study proposes to reflect on the institutional dynamics of these environments.
Participação, Cidadania e Ciência: A Experiência do Pergunte aos Cientistas da Agência Escola Universidade Federal do Paraná
Authors: Quadros Claudia Irene , Ribeiro Regiane Regina , Goedert Melo Patricia , Kohls Chirlei Diana
Published: December 2022

A comunicação pública da ciência na universidade tem o propósito de incentivar o diálogo entre a sociedade e seus cientistas. Ao envolver o cidadão nos debates sobre suas ações de ensino, pesquisa e extensão, a universidade possibilita a troca de conhecimentos com a comunidade. Aqui discutimos como essa relação é estabelecida por meio do projeto Pergunte aos Cientistas, no qual a população pôde esclarecer dúvidas sobre a COVID-19 com pesquisadores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Nós, autoras deste artigo, fazemos parte da Agência Escola de Comunicação Pública e Divulgação Científica da Universidade Federal do Paraná, que se apresenta como a instituição de ensino mais antiga do Brasil. Por meio da análise descritiva, identificamos os públicos que participaram nessa ação e refletimos sobre a aproximação entre a sociedade e os cientistas. Para tanto, acionamos os conceitos de ciência aberta (Recomendação da UNESCO Sobre Ciência Aberta, 2021), divulgação científica (Caldas, 2010; Granado & Malheiro, 2015) e comunicação pública da ciência (Bucchi, 2008; Manso, 2015). Os estudos de formação de públicos (Dewey, 1946; Henriques, 2018) foram fundamentais para compreender como se dá a participação dos públicos no Pergunte aos Cientistas. A iniciativa tem demonstrado a importância de um cidadão ativo e ciente do seu entorno. Nesta troca de comunicação entre cientistas e a sociedade, ambos são beneficiados. Os cientistas conseguem mapear dúvidas e necessidades da população, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de pesquisas a partir das demandas sociais. Por sua vez, a sociedade descobre que também tem espaço para mostrar os seus saberes e adquirir mais conhecimento com uma universidade que abre as portas para a sua comunidade.
Comunicação de Ciência e Ciência Cidadã: Estratégias Para o Cidadão Comum
Authors: Santana Elaine , Silva Rosa , Cardoso Ana Filipa , Ventura Filipa , Bernardo Joana , Apóstolo João
Published: December 2022

A ciência cidadã (CC) assume-se como uma mudança de paradigma na comunicação de resultados científicos à sociedade. A CC tem como propósito produzir conhecimento com a sociedade e promover a sua democratização por meio de abordagens participativas entre investigadores e cidadãos comuns. Visando aproximar-se do cidadão comum, entidades de investigação internacionais têm vindo a desenvolver estratégias de comunicação do conhecimento científico. O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar as estratégias para promover a comunicação de ciência aos cidadãos comuns, implementadas por entidades de investigação internacionais que praticam a CC. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de natureza descritiva, com recurso à análise documental. Foram analisadas as páginas de internet de 23 entidades científicas internacionais, com idoneidade e trabalho relevante, em sua maioria, voltadas para a área da saúde. O corpus textual foi organizado e submetido à técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados revelam diversas estratégias de comunicação de ciência para o cidadão comum, entre as quais se destacam: a revisão de materiais informativos por parte dos cidadãos prévia à sua disseminação; cursos e capacitação dos cidadãos sobre temáticas relacionadas com a ciência e comunicação de ciência; palestras e diálogos em ambientes escolares ou informais (e.g., cafés, lojas, espetáculos de teatro, stand-up); materiais informativos digitais de conteúdo científico simplificado e amigável. Verifica-se uma tendência das entidades científicas para promover a CC, através de estratégias inovadoras que visam a aproximação ao cidadão comum e o seu envolvimento.
DEVELOPMENT OF BALLAST WATER PURIFICATION AND DISINFECTION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Reshnyak Valerii I. , Kaliaush Aleksandr I. , Reshnyak Ksenia V.
Published: December 2022

The technology of purification and disinfection of ballast water developed by the authors is presented in the paper. Based on the results of a systematic analysis of the problem and on research experience in this field, it has been shown that the quality of ballast water discharged overboard after its use as ballast is determined by such basic factors as purification technology and design features of treatment devices, as well as conditions for operations with ballast water. The technology of ballast water purification as a complex of operations for purification, treatment and disinfection is determined by environmental requirements for the quality of purified and discharged overboard water, as well as the properties of the initial ballast water. The analysis of modern environmental requirements for the discharge of ballast water is given. It is shown that these requirements establish the level of permissible bacteriological danger of the discharged ballast water, taking into account the dispersed characteristics of the bacteriologically dangerous substance. These requirements determine the composition of operations that should be included in the technology of purification and disinfection of ballast water. Based on the results of the analysis of environmental requirements for the quality of purified ballast water, which determine the required water quality, a number of technological solutions collectively representing the technology of water purification and disinfection are proposed and justified. As disinfection, the use of ozone as an effective oxidizer is proposed. The use of sedimentation is proposed to regulate the content of dispersed particles of pollutants. Technological solutions also take into account the need for operations with a large amount of ballast water, as well as high reception and discharge capacity. It is proposed to carry out the disinfection process in small volumes of sediment, which is a concentrated mass of bacteriological substance obtained during preliminary coagulation and sedimentation, for which ship ballast tanks can be used. The proposed technology can be applied both in ship installations and in offshore environmental protection equipment - floating or coastal, for example, port facilities.
ASPECTS OF PROVIDING ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE CONTAINER TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Authors: Lazarev Vladimir A. , Fisenko Andrey I. , Kurenkov Petr V.
Published: December 2022

One of the important tasks of environment conservation, such as reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by commercial fleet, which is under special consideration of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and becoming a basis of world trade policy, is considered in the paper. The analysis of the container transportation system in world trade demonstrates its growing role. The dynamics and trends of the modern container fleet for the period of 2015-2020 confirm the thesis of the growing importance of the container system in world trade. The volumes of greenhouse gas emissions and contributions by the tanker, bulk carrier and container segments of the world merchant fleet are considered, the conclusion about the low environmental efficiency of the container fleet toward the volume of cargo flow is presented. Options and consequences of including the Northern Sea Route in the global logistics network to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are proposed. Based on early studies, the comparative calculations linking variation of ship speed with reduction of carbon dioxide emissions for four types of container ships on the routes including the Northern Sea Route and through the Suez Canal are given. Estimates for the mentioned reduction due to shortening the route between Europe and Asia are proposed. The practical applicability of the calculated estimates and their impact on the overall environmental friendliness of transport corridors in the case of more active use of the Northern Sea Route as a transit route for the goods flow from the Asia- Pacific region is discussed.
PARAMETERS OF SEDIMENTS TRANSPORT IN RIVERS WITH A SIDE TYPE OF THE CHANNEL PROCESS
Authors: Gladkov Gennadii L. , Katolikov Viktor M. , Belyakov Pachom V.
Published: December 2022

At present, in practice, to model channel reformations in rivers with a deformable bottom, a large number of different formulas are used to calculate the flow of bottom sediments. However, the reliability of channel forecasts performed using the apparatus of mathematical modeling, in most cases, still remains quite low. The quality of channel forecasts performed when designing engineering measures to ensure navigation on rivers is determined, on the one hand, by the correct assessment of the physical nature of sediment transport in natural channel flows, and, on the other hand, by the quality of the applied numerical models. This work is devoted to the verification of the sediment transport model based on studies in hydraulic flumes, in which microforms and mesoforms of a river channel with a secondary type of channel process were simultaneously reproduced. Such problems have not been considered yet. The previous experiments were carried out with a uniform steady-state mode of water movement at one structural level of bottom sediment movement - with the movement of bottom sediments in the form of microforms (dunes) - i. e. on a flat day. The results obtained in the course of the research make it possible to obtain new data, using which it seems possible to improve the quality of modeling of sediment transport in natural channel flows. This line of research, based on the use of the methodology for calculating the discharge of channel sediments using the parameters of dunes, can objectively lead to an increase in the reliability of forecasts of channel reformations when keeping navigation on free and regulated rivers with a moving bottom.
A TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING THE SMALL VESSEL HULL BY THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING METHODS
Authors: Dektyarev Alexander V. , Zobov Pavel G.
Published: December 2022

The issues of the technological complex for manufacturing the hull of a small vessel obtained using additive manufacturing methods are considered in the paper. The purpose of the work is to study the emerging problems, issues, patterns, rules and norms of the process of 3D-printing the hull of a small vessel. The objectives of the paper include presentation of previously obtained calculated and experimental results for printing and assembling the ship hull; development of a method for assembling a hull using additive technology; comparative analysis of the labor intensity of manufacturing ship hulls using traditional and additive technologies; studying the issues of the slipway period of building the hull after completing printing work. The main methods for solving problems include well-known fundamentals in the technology of shipbuilding, ship repair, optimization of ships, technical and economic analysis, materials science, etc.; information about the production of marine equipment objects by additive manufacturing from filaments; the results of our own calculations and experiments for the production of a small vessel hull using additive technologies; well-known industry regulations and standards for working with fiberglass in shipbuilding. The technique of printing and assembling the hull of a small vessel, the necessary preliminary computational-analytical and experimental studies for redesigning the hull structure for additive manufacturing, the problems arising during and after printing and assembling the hull, and the analysis of the labor intensity of manufacturing the hull using additive and traditional technologies are considered. It has been found that not all types of small vessels will have advantages in terms of labor intensity in their additive manufacturing; it is possible to use incremental production. With the right organization of production management, additive technologies will have an advantage in terms of the laboriousness of the technological process in the production of hulls of kayak-type ships, and similar structures in terms of geometry and weight, with individual piece production.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE BALANCE OF KINETIC ENERGY LOSSES IN THE FLOW PART OF A LOW-CONSUMPTION INFLOW TURBINE
Authors: Kryukov Aleksey A.
Published: December 2022

The development of marine power engineering and automation, due to qualitative and quantitative changes by a significant increase in the capacity of modern power plants is considered in the paper. The object of this study is the flow part of a low-consumption inflow turbine, the subject of the study is the loss of kinetic energy in the stage of a low-consumption inflow turbine. The method of investigation is numerical simulation of gas flow using computational gas dynamics; the purpose of the study is to compare the values of kinetic energy loss coefficients in the nozzle diaphragm, impeller and output velocity losses obtained during physical and numerical experiments. The main objective of the study is to compare the values of kinetic energy loss coefficients in the turbine stage obtained during a physical experiment with the results of a numerical experiment. It is noted that low-consumption turbines are characterized by small dimensions, which do not allow to fully carrying out a physical experiment. A balance of losses of a low-consumption inflow turbine is performed in the study. A good convergence of the loss coefficients values obtained by the numerical method with the results of the physical experiment has been established. Conclusions about the possibility of applying numerical modeling for identical types of turbine stages are made.
THE IMPACT OF USING ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGES ON THE SYRIAN POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
Authors: Alzakkar Ahmad , Mestnikov Nikolai. P. , Samofalov Yuri O.
Published: December 2022

In recent years, a real opportunity to create a capacitive-storage energy source based on supercapacitors with increased energy intensity has appeared. At present, on the basis of supercapacitors, an energy storage device (ES) has been created, and there is an experimental process, the power of which in the model of an electric power system is 10 kW. The level of stored energy is determined by the type of storage device (30 kJ or more). The purpose of the paper is to develop effective methods for increasing frequency, rotor angle based on modern energy storage devices (supercapacitors). The program of Power System Simulation for Engineering (PSS/E) is used in the study. The importance of the work is described in the paper and the features of the impact of using supercapacitors on the stability of frequency and rotor angle by making several experiments with different capacities and voltages and then comparing the results obtained using the PSS/E program are considered. Ensuring the stability of the load schedule at the maximum consumption of electricity in the electric power system of a certain region or country is a long-term procedure that needs to be developed and improved in the means of its implementation. Modern systems have characteristic features, such as an increase in the unevenness of load schedules, the need to generate power from generation facilities in each period of time, an increase in the steepness of load schedules, scaling of power plant equipment, which increase their economic feasibility of operation, reduce their maneuverability, etc. Search and development of new ways and methods for compensating peak loads in the electric power system are relevant and in demand.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDYING A POSSIBILITY OF CLOSE-COUPLED TOWING OF LARGE-SIZED VESSELS BY ICEBREAKER
Authors: Dobrodeev Aleksei A. , Sazonov Kirill E.
Published: December 2022

The experimental studies in the ice model tank of the Krylov State Research Centre are described in the paper. This study aimed at researching a possibility of close-coupled towing of large-sized vessels by icebreaker. The displacement of considered commercial vessels is several times greater than the icebreaker displacement. Due to the fact that an amount of cargo transported along the Northern Sea Route is growing every year and new terminals are being constructed for the export of raw materials extracted in the Arctic, it has been shown in the paper that new transport vessels with high cargo capacity should be designed and built for the efficient operation of terminal. It has also been shown that the organization of independent year-round operation of such vessels in the Arctic region is extremely difficult, therefore, even at the stage of their design it’s important to consider the possibility of their escorting by existing icebreakers. The feasibility of close-coupled towing in the escorting of large-sized vessels with low ice class by icebreakers in the Arctic waters has been studied in the paper. The models of the greatest existing nuclear-powered icebreaker and conditional bulk carrier are used as an object of the ice model tests. The study of the close-coupled towing features in the continuous flat ice conditions is carried out at straightforward movement and gyration, as well as for the case of an emergency stop of the icebreaker. During ice model tests the ice forces acting on the hull of the model are measured, as well as the load on a towing notch with rubber fenders in the stern of icebreaker and the tension in the wire rope. The comparison of the wire rope tension with its breaking force is taken as a criterion to assess the possibility of the close-coupled towing operation. The results can be used as the basis for choosing the hull concept of the future large-sized vessels, its ice class and main dimensions and in strategic simulations of Arctic marine transport systems.
ELECTRONIC CHARTS: DEVELOPMENT OF THE MULTIPURPOSE MODEL FOR CROSS TRACK LIMIT DETERMINATION
Authors: Shoshin Artur R.
Published: December 2022

According to the requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS-74) vessels must be equipped with Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). This equipment is designed to improve safety of navigation and definitely has a number of indisputable advantages over the paper charts navigation. At the same time use of ECDIS requires navigators to have a sufficient level of competency for professional operation. Inadequate setting of safety parameters as well as incorrect interpretation of information from the display can lead to an accident. The determination of cross track limit (XTL) value as one of the route safety parameters in ECDIS is considered in the paper. Some companies navigational procedures are studied; it has been found out that companies have individual requirements regarding XTL value and they can vary. The issue of XTL value determination was recently studied and the authors of the previous research had proposed their own method of XTL calculation. This method is analysed in the paper and it has been concluded that this method is applicable for determining minimum XTL value, however in order to find the optimal value it is necessary to consider ship particulars and characteristics of a specific waterway as well as company requirements for under-keel clearance. The model structure, which integrates this information, is proposed in the paper, and the previously proposed method is used within the model. The model developed by the author is flexible: the input values can be adjusted, which allows to assess the safety of any size ship passage through any waterway. The incorporation of bottom contour information into the model through a piecewise function enables to assess the under-keel clearance for any values of XTL and to determine dangerous values of cross-track distance in particular conditions. The main disadvantage of the model is a necessity to define the piecewise function which adequately corresponds with the actual depth distribution in the waterway analysed, which restricts the application of this model to natural waterways with a difficult terrain of the bottom. It should be noted that with particular input values some «borderline cases» can take place, when the safety of passage is doubtful. In order to solve these uncertainties, the model can be later upgraded by including experts’ opinions with the use of fuzzy logic methods.
Desigualdades Urbanas y Sociales ocasionadas por el Turismo. El Centro de Ensenada, B.C.
Authors: Zamudio Vega Laura Susana , Velázquez Juárez Dulce Gabriela
Published: December 2022

A 140 años de su fundación oficial, Ensenada, Baja California, es una de las ciudades de México que apuesta principalmente a la actividad turística para desarrollarse y crecer económicamente. En este Artículo abordaremos de forma general las condiciones de los destinos turísticos fronterizos en Baja California y particularmente las desigualdades urbanas y sociales identificadas en la zona centro de la ciudad. Para ello, se realizó un análisis documental, encuestas y observación en campo, explorando los impactos socioespaciales de dicha actividad económica, indagando en las regiones frontales y traseras del turismo sugeridos en la teoría de Dean MacCannell (1976).