bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS INTO TRANSLATIONAL FIDELITY
Authors: Ogle James M. , Ramakrishnan V.
Published: February 2005

▪ Abstract  The underlying basis for the accuracy of protein synthesis has been the subject of over four decades of investigation. Recent biochemical and structural data make it possible to understand at least in outline the structural basis for tRNA selection, in which codon recognition by cognate tRNA results in the hydrolysis of GTP by EF-Tu over 75 Å away. The ribosome recognizes the geometry of codon-anticodon base pairing at the first two positions but monitors the third, or wobble position, less stringently. Part of the additional binding energy of cognate tRNA is used to induce conformational changes in the ribosome that stabilize a transition state for GTP hydrolysis by EF-Tu and subsequently result in accelerated accommodation of tRNA into the peptidyl transferase center. The transition state for GTP hydrolysis is characterized, among other things, by a distorted tRNA. This picture explains a large body of data on the effect of antibiotics and mutations on translational fidelity. However, many fundamental questions remain, such as the mechanism of activation of GTP hydrolysis by EF-Tu, and the relationship between decoding and frameshifting.
Mercy without Covenant: A Literary Analysis of Genesis 19
Authors: Tonson Paul
Published: February 2005

This analysis of the text of Genesis 19 differs from conventional approaches that import ideological conceptions of Abraham found in the surrounding chapters and are often moralistic. This article argues that the pattern of speeches in the first half of the chapter portrays a positive characterization of Lot. Genesis 19 is more concerned to portray divine affirmation of Lot than judgment on Sodom. Deliverance is a central theme of the Lot stories (including Gen. 14) and is highlighted by two affirmations of divine mercy (19.16, 19). Most significant for this reading is the fact that Lot, a character outside of the covenant of Abraham, is the first in the Hebrew Bible described as the recipient of the saving mercy of YHWH.
Nadab and Abihu Attempt to Fill a Gap: Law and Narrative in Leviticus 10.1-7
Authors: Bibb Bryan D.
Published: February 2005

The narrative concerning Nadab and Abihu in Leviticus 10 contains many ‘gaps’ that complicate the process of interpretation. The story demonstrates that filling in gaps is always necessary, never complete, and sometimes quite dangerous. When one paysclose attention to the gaps by refusing to close them quickly or easily, it is revealed that they exist for Nadab and Abihu themselves. There are many things concerning which God has made no command, but sometimes one must fill in these gaps. This has important implications for the study of law and narrative. The law functions as the priests’ attempt to stand safely before ‘the holy’. In addition, the narrative fills gaps in the knowledge of God’s requirements, which is always provisional and limited.
Yahweh’s Honor at Stake: A Divine Conundrum
Authors: Glatt-Gilad David A.
Published: February 2005

The theme of Yahweh acting for the sake of his reputation in the face of cynical adversaries appears in a large variety of biblical texts. This idea appears to derive from a conception that viewed the military successes or failures of a given people as reflecting the power or impotence of its patron god. The issue of Yahweh’s need to protect his reputation was most often expressed in the context of a liturgical appeal by the party in distress. However, beginning with Deuteronomy 32 and carrying through to Deutero-Isaiah and Ezekiel, the same issue appears as a concern of Yahweh himself and as part of his rationale for delivering Israel.
Let there be Darkness: Continuity and Discontinuity in the ‘Curse’ of Job 3
Authors: Pettys Valerie Forstman
Published: February 2005

This rhetorical and intertextual study of Job 3.1-31 finds in Job’s ‘curse’ a response to catastrophic suffering that is paradigmatic for both the linguistic construction of meaning and the reading of biblical texts. Job’s crisis exposes a fissure between human experience that does not conform to traditional understandings of a divinely ordered world and language constitutive of tradition. The resulting loss of coherence calls for a radical reordering of reality. Job recasts the schema of the Priestly creation account and convokes 16 jussives against the agencies of his birth—a pattern repeated in his Oath of Innocence—to conjure a world of reversals. Creation is dismantled even as its rhetoric provides the context for new meaning. A return to [UNKNOWN][UNKNOWN][UNKNOWN] (40.4) signals that the rift between experience and language may have begun to heal.
The Bible, Archaeology and Politics; or The Empty Land Revisited
Authors: Blenkinsopp Joseph
Published: February 2005

Since its inception with Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt in 1798, archaeology in the Middle East has always been involved in politics. Nowhere in the region is this more in evidence than in Palestine/Israel, beginning with the preliminary stage of mapping the land and renaming settlements and physical features taken over from the resident Arabs. A major expression of the political ideology underlying this activity has come to be known as ‘the myth of the empty land’. During the Hellenistic period, when interest in ethnic origins was running high, it provided justification for the initial Israelite occupation of and exclusive claim on the land. In this form, the myth appears to be a retrojection of the land claims of the dominant Judaeo-Babylonian elite during the early Persian period reflected in certain biblical texts. An examination of some recent writing on the archaeology of the region during the Neo-Babylonian period suggests that the myth still exerts its influence.
Variations on a Theme: Differing Conceptions of Memory in the Book of Numbers
Authors: Leveen Adriane B.
Published: February 2005

Numbers makes memory, its reliability and limitations, a predominant focus of concern. Two competing views emerge. Biblical memory is a stabilizing force, unifying the people in a harmonious relationship with God under priestly leadership. Yet memory’s elusiveness is also recognized as a serious threat to the ongoing life of the nation. These different conceptions can be observed in two distinct pericopes: Numbers 10 and 11. The effects of the juxtaposition of these distinct materials results in a more complicated understanding of memory, both of its limitations and of its usefulness. The juxtaposition of chs. 10 and 11 also has thematic repercussions, creating the starkest of choices for the generation liberated from Egypt but not yet in the Promised Land.
Pyrrhon, Pyrrhus and the Possibility of the Past: A Response to David Henige
Authors: Provan Iain
Published: February 2005

To a significant degree David Henige’s commentary on selected sections of one of my essays on historiography suffers from a lack of clarity, misses the point of my argument or misrepresents it, or is otherwise puzzling. It further displays an unfortunate modern prejudice against faith vis-à-vis ‘knowledge’, and to that extent it is muddled from an epistemological point of view as well as deficient in its understanding of the nature of religion and of the religious worldview. To the extent that it does with clarity and conviction engage with my argument, it is unconvincing in its objections to it, not least because its philosophical foundation in Scepticism is unstable. Indeed, Henige’s characterization of himself as a ‘Pyrrhonian’, after the Greek philosopher Pyrrhon of Elis (the father of Scepticism), is misleading. Like other historians who claim to employ methodological scepticism, Henige more resembles ancient Pyrrhus than ancient Pyrrhon; for the sceptic’s argumentative ‘victories’ are too costly to be worth the winning (Pyrrhic victories indeed), and the arguments that produce them ‘prove’ too much to be taken seriously. As Berkeley once put it, they at one and the same time ‘admit of no answer and produce no conviction’.
‘Hospitality’, Hostiles and Hostages: On the Legal Background to Genesis 19.1-9
Authors: Morschauser Scott
Published: February 2005

Opinion has been divided over Gen. 19.1-9: whether the inhabitants of Sodom are condemned for immorality, or for their violation of ‘hospitality’. Moreover, Lot’s offering of his daughters to the crowd has been viewed as the worst sort of abuse. Both events must be evaluated against ancient juridical practices. The Sodomites’ request ‘to know’ ((dy) the patriarch’s guests is non-sexual in nature: they want to ascertain why the men have come to the city. Lot objects to the proposal: he, as an official, has pledged legal protection to the travelers, vouching for their character. To ensure that the envoys pose no danger to the town, he formally offers his daughters as ‘hostages’ in their stead. They are to be held in protective custody until the detainees leave the next morning. The rejection of Lot’s plan represents Sodom’s abandonment of the rule of law, providing justification for its divine punishment.
Eliab and the Deuteronomist
Authors: Bodner Keith
Published: February 2005

This article is a literary study of Eliab’s characterization and his function within the broader narrative of David. The two scenes where Eliab appears (1 Sam. 16 and 17) need to be read together, since Eliab’s character zone contains a pair of ‘double-voiced’ utterances as defined by Bakhtin: in the first scene of 1 Samuel 16, he is an instrument of correction for the prophet Samuel; in the second scene of 1 Samuel 17, Eliab is used as an instrument of correction for the young David. His words to David in 17.28 are scathing: ‘I know about your pride and the evil of your heart’. A brief survey of secondary literature reveals that most scholars take the words of Eliab at face value, and feel that Eliab must be wrong in his assessment of David’s ‘evil heart’. This study takes a different approach. It is argued here that Eliab’s words are used to sound a warning about the heart of David, a highly complex literary figure. Moreover, since Eliab is used at a very early point in the narrative to inject a note of caution and a foreshadowing of potential flaws surrounding the heart of David, it is surely not coincidental that Eliab’s speech accents reverberate later in the story of David and Bathsheba.
Qohelet’s Twists and Turns
Authors: Carasik Michael
Published: February 2005

Biblical texts regularly emphasize following the straight path that is marked out by God’s teachings. Just as in English, ‘straightness’ is prized as ‘right’ and ‘crookedness’ scorned as perverse. This quality is praised both in action and in thought. By contrast, Qohelet’s search for wisdom is specifically expressed in language which gives turning, not straightness, the highest value. This study explores how Qohelet uses words and images of turning to express both what he has learned and how he has learned about the world, as well as how circularity is an element not merely of Qohelet’s thought, but of his style.
The Victories of Merenptah, and the Nature of their Record
Authors: Kitchen Kenneth
Published: February 2005

This article responds to that by I. Hjelm and T.L. Thompson (‘The Victory Song of Merenptah, Israel and the People of Palestine’, JSOT 27.1 [2002], pp. 3-18), concerning the nature of the war-inscriptions of Merenptah of Egypt, and especially of the role of his triumph-hymn and the significance of the mention of Israel in that document, in pointing out standard Egyptian usage of the New-Kingdom period (sixteenth-twelfth centuries BCE) to which Merenptah’s texts conform, and correcting misunderstandings of these data by Hjelm and Thompson and some of their precursors.
Comparing strategies for United States veterans' mortality ascertainment
Authors: Lorenz Karl A , Asch Steven M , Yano Elizabeth M , Wang Mingming , Rubenstein Lisa V
Published: February 2005

Background

We aimed to determine optimal strategies for complete mortality ascertainment comparing death certificates and United States (US) Veterans Administration (VA) records.

Methods

We constructed a cohort of California veterans who died in fiscal year (FY) 2000 and used VA services the year before death. We determined decedent status using California death certificates linked to VA utilization data and the VA Beneficiary Identification and Records Locator System (BIRLS) death file. We compared the characteristics of decedents who would not have been identified by either single source (e.g., VA BIRLS alone or California death certificates alone) with the rest of the cohort.

Results

A total of 8,813 veteran decedents were identified from both VA decedent files and death certificates. Of all decedents, 5,698 / 8,813 (65%) veterans were identified in both source files, but 2,426 / 8,813 (28%) decedents were not identified in VA BIRLS, and 689 / 8,813 (8%) were not identified in death certificates. Compared to the rest of the cohort, decedents whose mortality status was ascertained through either single source differed by race / ethnicity, marital status, and California residence. Clinically, veterans identified from either single source had less comorbidity and were less likely to have been users of VA inpatient or long term care, but equally or more likely to have been users of VA outpatient services.

Conclusion

As single sources, VA decedent files and death certificates each provided an incomplete record, and death ascertainment was improved by using both source files. Potential bias may vary depending on analytic interest.
Obituary: Yukio Mano (1943–2004)
Authors: Ikoma Katsunori
Published: February 2005

Yukio Mano, MD, PhD (1943–2004)

Associate Editor, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
Advances in wearable technology and applications in physical medicine and rehabilitation
Authors: Bonato Paolo
Published: February 2005

The development of miniature sensors that can be unobtrusively attached to the body or can be part of clothing items, such as sensing elements embedded in the fabric of garments, have opened countless possibilities of monitoring patients in the field over extended periods of time. This is of particular relevance to the practice of physical medicine and rehabilitation. Wearable technology addresses a major question in the management of patients undergoing rehabilitation, i.e. have clinical interventions a significant impact on the real life of patients? Wearable technology allows clinicians to gather data where it matters the most to answer this question, i.e. the home and community settings. Direct observations concerning the impact of clinical interventions on mobility, level of independence, and quality of life can be performed by means of wearable systems. Researchers have focused on three main areas of work to develop tools of clinical interest: 1)the design and implementation of sensors that are minimally obtrusive and reliably record movement or physiological signals, 2)the development of systems that unobtrusively gather data from multiple wearable sensors and deliver this information to clinicians in the way that is most appropriate for each application, and 3)the design and implementation of algorithms to extract clinically relevant information from data recorded using wearable technology. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation has devoted a series of articles to this topic with the objective of offering a description of the state of the art in this research field and pointing to emerging applications that are relevant to the clinical practice in physical medicine and rehabilitation.
Development and Validation of a Risk Score Predicting Death Without Transplant in Adult Heart Transplant Candidates
Authors: Zhang Kevin C. , Narang Nikhil , Jasseron Carine , Dorent Richard , Lazenby Kevin A. , Belkin Mark N. , Grinstein Jonathan , Mayampurath Anoop , Churpek Matthew M. , Khush Kiran K. , Parker William F.
Published: February 2024

Importance

The US heart allocation system prioritizes medically urgent candidates with a high risk of dying without transplant. The current therapy-based 6-status system is susceptible to manipulation and has limited rank ordering ability.

Objective

To develop and validate a candidate risk score that incorporates current clinical, laboratory, and hemodynamic data.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A registry-based observational study of adult heart transplant candidates (aged ≥18 years) from the US heart allocation system listed between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022, split by center into training (70%) and test (30%) datasets. Adult candidates were listed between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

A US candidate risk score (US-CRS) model was developed by adding a predefined set of predictors to the current French Candidate Risk Score (French-CRS) model. Sensitivity analyses were performed, which included intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) and percutaneous ventricular assist devices (VAD) in the definition of short-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for the US-CRS. Performance of the US-CRS model, French-CRS model, and 6-status model in the test dataset was evaluated by time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for death without transplant within 6 weeks and overall survival concordance (c-index) with integrated AUC.

Results

A total of 16 905 adult heart transplant candidates were listed (mean [SD] age, 53 [13] years; 73% male; 58% White); 796 patients (4.7%) died without a transplant. The final US-CRS contained time-varying short-term MCS (ventricular assist–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or temporary surgical VAD), the log of bilirubin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, the log of B-type natriuretic peptide, albumin, sodium, and durable left ventricular assist device. In the test dataset, the AUC for death within 6 weeks of listing for the US-CRS model was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.75-0.83), for the French-CRS model was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.67-0.76), and 6-status model was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.62-0.73). Overall c-index for the US-CRS model was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.73-0.80), for the French-CRS model was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.65-0.73), and 6-status model was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.63-0.71). Classifying IABP and percutaneous VAD as short-term MCS reduced the effect size by 65%.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this registry-based study of US heart transplant candidates, a continuous multivariable allocation score outperformed the 6-status system in rank ordering heart transplant candidates by medical urgency and may be useful for the medical urgency component of heart allocation.
Stroke Risk in Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Yip Pui Lam , Zheng Huili , Cheo Timothy , Tan Teng Hwee , Lee Shing Fung , Leong Yiat Horng , Wong Lea Choung , Tey Jeremy , Ho Francis , Soon Yu Yang
Published: February 2024

Importance

Survivors of head and neck cancers (HNC) have increased risk of stroke. A comprehensive report using standardized methods is warranted to characterize the risk and to inform on survivorship strategy.

Objective

To determine the stroke risk in subpopulations of survivors of HNC in Singapore.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This national, registry-based, cross-sectional study aimed to estimate stroke risk in subgroups of the HNC population between January 2005 and December 2020. Participants were identified from the Singapore Cancer Registry, the Singapore Stroke Registry, and the Registry of Birth and Deaths using relevant International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) codes. HNC subgroups were defined based on patient demographic, disease, and treatment factors. Data were analyzed from September 2022 to September 2023.

Exposure

Diagnosis of HNC.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke were studied. The age-standardized incidence rate ratio (SIRR) and age-standardized incidence rate difference (SIRD) were reported. The Singapore general population (approximately 4 million) served as the reference group for these estimations.

Results

A total of 9803 survivors of HNC (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 58 [49-68] years; 7166 [73.1%] male) were identified. The most common HNC subsites were nasopharynx (4680 individuals [47.7%]), larynx (1228 individuals [12.5%]), and tongue (1059 individuals [10.8%]). A total of 337 individuals (3.4%) developed stroke over a median (IQR) follow-up of 42.5 (15.0-94.5) months. The overall SIRR was 2.46 (95% CI, 2.21-2.74), and the overall SIRD was 4.11 (95% CI, 3.37-4.85) strokes per 1000 person-years (PY). The cumulative incidence of stroke was 3% at 5 years and 7% at 10 years after HNC diagnosis. The SIRR was highest among individuals diagnosed at younger than 40 years (SIRR, 30.55 [95% CI, 16.24-52.35]). All population subsets defined by age, sex, race and ethnicity, HNC subsites (except tongue), stage, histology, and treatment modalities had increased risk of stroke compared with the general population. The SIRR and SIRD were significantly higher among individuals who had a primary radiation treatment approach (SIRR, 3.01 [95% CI, 2.64-3.43]; SIRD, 5.12 [95% CI, 4.18-6.29] strokes per 1000 PY) compared with a primary surgery approach (SIRR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.31-2.05]; SIRD, 1.84 [95% CI, 0.923.67] strokes per 1000 PY).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of survivors of HNC, elevated stroke risks were observed across different age, subsites, and treatment modalities, underscoring the importance of early screening and intervention.
Prepandemic Physical Activity and Risk of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Hospitalization in Older Adults
Authors: Muñoz-Vergara Dennis , Wayne Peter M. , Kim Eunjung , Lee I-Min , Buring Julie E. , Manson JoAnn E. , Sesso Howard D.
Published: February 2024

Importance

Higher prepandemic physical activity (PA) levels have been associated with lower risk and severity of COVID-19.

Objective

To investigate the association between self-reported prepandemic PA levels and the risk and severity of COVID-19 in older US adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study combined cohorts from 3 ongoing prospective randomized clinical trials of US adults aged 45 years or older who provided prepandemic self-reports of baseline leisure-time PA and risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes using the most recent questionnaire completed as of December 31, 2019, as the baseline PA assessment. In multiple surveys from May 2020 through May 2022, participants indicated whether they had at least 1 positive COVID-19 test result or were diagnosed with or hospitalized for COVID-19.

Exposure

Prepandemic PA, categorized into 3 groups by metabolic equivalent hours per week: inactive (0-3.5), insufficiently active (>3.5 to <7.5), and sufficiently active (≥7.5).

Main Outcome and Measures

Primary outcomes were risk of COVID-19 and hospitalization for COVID-19. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the association of COVID-19 diagnosis and/or hospitalization with each of the 2 upper PA categories vs the lowest PA category.

Results

The pooled cohort included 61 557 participants (mean [SD] age, 75.7 [6.4] years; 70.7% female), 20.2% of whom were inactive; 11.4%, insufficiently active; and 68.5%, sufficiently active. A total of 5890 confirmed incident cases of COVID-19 were reported through May 2022, including 626 hospitalizations. After controlling for demographics, body mass index, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and medications used, compared with inactive individuals, those insufficiently active had no significant reduction in infection (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86-1.06) or hospitalization (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.76-1.28), whereas those sufficiently active had a significant reduction in infection (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.97) and hospitalization (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.90). In subgroup analyses, the association between PA and SARS-CoV-2 infection differed by sex, with only sufficiently active women having decreased odds (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.95; P = .04 for interaction).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of adults aged 45 years or older, those who adhered to PA guidelines before the pandemic had lower odds of developing or being hospitalized for COVID-19. Thus, higher prepandemic PA levels may be associated with reduced odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization for COVID-19.
Identification of Concussion Subtypes Based on Intrinsic Brain Activity
Authors: Armañanzas Ruben , Liang Bo , Kanakia Saloni , Bazarian Jeffrey J. , Prichep Leslie S.
Published: February 2024

Importance

The identification of brain activity–based concussion subtypes at time of injury has the potential to advance the understanding of concussion pathophysiology and to optimize treatment planning and outcomes.

Objective

To investigate the presence of intrinsic brain activity–based concussion subtypes, defined as distinct resting state quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) profiles, at the time of injury.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this retrospective, multicenter (9 US universities and high schools and 4 US clinical sites) cohort study, participants aged 13 to 70 years with mild head injuries were included in longitudinal cohort studies from 2017 to 2022. Patients had a clinical diagnosis of concussion and were restrained from activity by site guidelines for more than 5 days, with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14 to 15. Participants were excluded for known neurological disease or history of traumatic brain injury within the last year. Patients were assessed with 2 minutes of artifact-free EEG acquired from frontal and frontotemporal regions within 120 hours of head injury. Data analysis was performed from July 2021 to June 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Quantitative features characterizing the EEG signal were extracted from a 1- to 2-minute artifact-free EEG data for each participant, within 120 hours of injury. Symptom inventories and days to return to activity were also acquired.

Results

From the 771 participants (mean [SD] age, 20.16 [5.75] years; 432 male [56.03%]), 600 were randomly selected for cluster analysis according to 471 qEEG features. Participants and features were simultaneously grouped into 5 disjoint subtypes by a bootstrapped coclustering algorithm with an overall agreement of 98.87% over 100 restarts. Subtypes were characterized by distinctive profiles of qEEG measure sets, including power, connectivity, and complexity, and were validated in the independent test set. Subtype membership showed a statistically significant association with time to return to activity.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, distinct subtypes based on resting state qEEG activity were identified within the concussed population at the time of injury. The existence of such physiological subtypes supports different underlying pathophysiology and could aid in personalized prognosis and optimization of care path.
Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Goel Ashok , Ou Chaohua
Published: February 2024

We briefly introduce this special issue and describe the scheme for the organization of the 20 articles in it.
The Antibacterial Activity of Hierarchical Patterns of Nanostructured Silicon Fabricated Using Block Copolymer Micelle Lithography
Authors: McFadden Jessica , Reid Graham , Podhorska Lucia , Rodriguez Brian J. , Casey Eoin , Kelleher Susan M.
Published: February 2024

Herein, the fabrication of four different nanostructured silicon surfaces by using a combination of block copolymer micelle lithography is reported on. Nanoparticle hard masks are evaluated for their ability to produce single‐height nanoneedle arrays. Low‐density (3 features μm−2) and high‐density (201 features μm−2) single‐height arrays are produced from Au or α‐Fe2O3 masks, respectively. These single‐height arrays are then used as substrates to produce nanostructured surfaces with two distinct nanoneedle arrays concerning height, diameter, and density. These dual‐height arrays have feature densities of 31 and 9 features μm−2. All surface types are then tested for their antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, over 24 h. No difference in surface coverage of P. fluorescens when comparing the structured silicon surface types to planar controls is observed. However, all of the structured silicon types show an increase in dead cell surface coverage ranging from 9 to 29% compared to planar controls. Density of the pillars appears to be more important than the difference in height of pillars when it comes to antibacterial activity. This work seeks to add to the literature by investigating the effects of feature density, as well as the impact of a dual‐height arrangement of nanoneedles against P. fluorescens.
Semitransparent Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors: Flexible, Large‐Area, and Physical‐Vapor‐Deposited for Versatile Advanced Optical Applications
Authors: Wang Yazhong , Zhang Tianyi , Samigullina Dinara , Winkler Louis Conrad , Dollinger Felix , Kublitski Jonas , Jia Xiangkun , Ji Ran , Reineke Sebastian , Spoltore Donato , Leo Karl , Benduhn Johannes
Published: February 2024

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have experienced remarkable performance improvements over the past decade thanks to significant advancements in organic material synthesis and device architecture engineering. In this study, high‐performance near‐infrared (NIR) OPDs with versatile advanced properties, including large detection areas, mechanical flexibility, and high transparency are realized. By incorporating a thin photo‐absorbing layer, functional blocking layers with a large energy gap, and semitransparent electrodes, the OPDs achieve an average visible transmittance (AVT) of up to 53.4% and color rendering index (CRI) of up to 95 within the human vision photopic response window of 380–780 nm. Both the small (6.44 mm2) and large (256 mm2) detection‐area semitransparent OPDs demonstrate an impressive external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 34% and 36%, and specific detectivity (D*) of 1.4 × 1013 and 1.1 × 1012 Jones, respectively, comparable to silicon‐based inorganic photodetectors. As application demonstrations, OPDs with rigid and flexible substrates are employed for NIR imaging and biosensing, respectively. Notably, the flexible semitransparent OPDs are utilized as signal receivers in conjunction with semitransparent NIR organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) operating as signal producers, demonstrating the feasibility of invisible optical communication. These OPDs represent the best‐performing see‐through devices with flexibility, making them promising candidates for integratable, bio‐compatible, and invisible optical‐sensing applications.
Electron Penetration Effect of Ni Single Atom Boosting CO2 to CO in PH‐Universal Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Fangyuan , Han Xingqi , Wu Daoxiong , Wang Zhitong , Xiong Xiaoqian , Li Jing , Gao Xiaohong , Wang Guan , Huo Li , Hua Yingjie , Wang Chongtai , Wen Huan , Chen Qi , Tian Xinlong , Deng Peilin
Published: February 2024

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) powered by renewable electricity has attracted of wide attention because of its advantages to produce high‐value‐added chemicals and fuels. Additionally, ECR played a crucial role in addressing the challenge of excessive fossil fuel consumption caused by global warming. Herein, a unique armor structure with Ni nanoparticles coated by a carbon shell containing Ni─N─C (Ni─NP@Ni─SA) for industrial ECR to CO in pH‐universal electrolytes is designed. Ni─NP@Ni─SA catalyst exhibits ≈100% CO Faradaic efficiency, and CO partial current density can reach 500, 361, and 615 mA cm−2 in strong alkaline (pH 14), neutral (pH 7.2) and strong acidic (pH 1) electrolytes, respectively. Moreover, Ni─NP@Ni─SA can drive the rechargeable Zn‐CO2 battery with a high power density of 3.45 mW cm−2, and outstanding stability over 36 h. The structural characterizations and theoretical calculation together present that the electron penetration effect of Ni─NP@Ni─SA can strengthen the electronic enrichment state of Ni single atom, which facilitates the reaction kinetics of ECR by decreasing the formation energy barrier of key intermediate *COOH. This work pioneers a new design strategy to enhance the activity of single‐atom catalysts and seek high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for ECR in pH‐universal electrolytes.
Advancing Cardiomyocyte Maturation: Current Strategies and Promising Conductive Polymer‐Based Approaches
Authors: Elkhoury Kamil , Kodeih Sacha , Enciso‐Martínez Eduardo , Maziz Ali , Bergaud Christian
Published: February 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and pose a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Despite remarkable progress in medical research, the development of effective cardiovascular drugs has been hindered by high failure rates and escalating costs. One contributing factor is the limited availability of mature cardiomyocytes (CMs) for accurate disease modeling and drug screening. Human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived CMs offer a promising source of CMs; however, their immature phenotype presents challenges in translational applications. This review focuses on the road to achieving mature CMs by summarizing the major differences between immature and mature CMs, discussing the importance of adult‐like CMs for drug discovery, highlighting the limitations of current strategies, and exploring potential solutions using electro‐mechano active polymer‐based scaffolds based on conductive polymers. However, critical considerations such as the trade‐off between 3D systems and nutrient exchange, biocompatibility, degradation, cell adhesion, longevity, and integration into wider systems must be carefully evaluated. Continued advancements in these areas will contribute to a better understanding of cardiac diseases, improved drug discovery, and the development of personalized treatment strategies for patients with cardiovascular disorders.
Triphenylamine Spirofunctionalized Light‐Emitting Conjugated Polymer with an Ultradeep‐Blue Narrowband Emission for Large‐Area Printed Display
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Zhang Yahui , Yu Ningning , Chen Wenyu , Gong Huaqiang , Zheng Yingying , Ni Mingjian , Han Yamin , Sun Ning , Bai Lubing , An Xiang , Yang Jing , Lin Yingru , Huang Wenxin , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Liang Xinyu , Wang Lizhi , Sun Lili , Xu Man , Lin Jinyi , Huang Wei
Published: February 2024

Emerging printed large‐area polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) are essential for manufacturing flat‐panel displays and solid lighting devices. However, it is challenging to obtain large‐area and stable ultradeep‐blue PLEDs because of the lack of light‐emitting conjugated polymers (LCPs) with robust deep‐blue emissions, excellent morphological stabilities, and high charging abilities. Here, a novel unsymmetrically substituted polydiarylfluorene (POPSAF) is obtained with stable narrowband emission for large‐area printed displays via triphenylamine (TPA) spirofunctionalization of LCPs. POPSAF films show narrowband and stable ultradeep‐blue emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 36 nm, associated with their intrachain excitonic behavior without obvious polaron formation. Compared to controlled poly[4‐(octyloxy)‐9,9‐diphenylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl]‐co‐[5‐(octyloxy)‐9,9‐diphenylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl] (PODPF), excellent charge transport is observed in the POPSAF films because of the intrinsic hole transport ability of the TPA units. Large‐area PLEDs are fabricated via blade‐coating with an emission area of 9 cm2, which exhibit uniform ultradeep‐blue emission with an FWHM of 36 nm and corresponding Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.155, 0.072). These findings are attributed to the synergistic effects of robust emission, stable morphology, and printing capacity. Finally, preliminary printed passive matrix (PM) PLED displays with 20 × 20 pixels monochromes are fabricated, confirmed the effectiveness of spirofunctionalization in optoelectronics.
150 Gbps THz Chipscale Topological Photonic Diplexer
Authors: Gupta Manoj , Kumar Abhishek , Pitchappa Prakash , Tan Yi Ji , Szriftgiser Pascal , Ducournau Guillaume , Singh Ranjan
Published: February 2024

Photonic diplexers are being widely investigated for high data transfer rates in on‐chip communication. However, dividing the available spectrum into nonoverlapping multicarrier frequency sub‐bands has remained a challenge in designing frequency‐selective time‐invariant channels. Here, an on‐chip topological diplexer is reported exhibiting terahertz frequency band filtering through Klein tunneling of topological edge modes. The silicon topological diplexer chip facilitates two high‐speed channels with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) over a broad bandwidth of 12.5 GHz each. These channels operate at carrier frequencies of 305 and 321.6 GHz, achieving a combined diplexer capacity of 150 Gbit s−1. To ensure minimal interference between adjacent channels, a guard band is implemented. Topologically protected edge modes suppress the frequency selective fading of the broadband signals and hold promise for diverse integrated photonic applications spanning terahertz and telecommunication realms, including the design of lossless topological multiplexers, interconnects, antennas, and modulators for the sixth to X generation (6G to XG) wireless.
Electric Field Switching of Magnon Spin Current in a Compensated Ferrimagnet
Authors: Li Kaili , Wang Lei , Wang Yu , Guo Yuanjun , Lv Shuping , He Yuewei , Lin Weiwei , Min Tai , Hu Shaojie , Yang Sen , Xue Dezhen , Zheng Aqun , Yang Shuming , Ding Xiangdong
Published: February 2024

Manipulation of directional magnon propagation, known as magnon spin current, is essential for developing magnonic devices featuring nonvolatile functionalities and ultralow power consumption. Magnon spin current can usually be modulated by magnetic field or current‐induced spin torques. However, these approaches may lead to energy dissipation due to Joule heating. Electric‐field switching of magnon spin current without charge current is highly preferred but challenging to realize. By integrating magnonic and piezoelectric materials, the manipulation of the magnon spin current generated by the spin Seebeck effect in the ferrimagnetic insulator Gd3Fe5O12 (GdIG) film on a piezoelectric substrate is demonstrated. Reversible electric‐field switching of magnon polarization without applied charge current is observed. Through strain‐mediated magnetoelectric coupling, the electric field induces the magnetic compensation transition between two magnetic states of the GdIG, resulting in its magnetization reversal and the simultaneous switching of magnon spin current. This work establishes a prototype material platform that paves the way for developing magnon logic devices characterized by all electric field reading and writing and reveals the underlying physics principles of their functions.
Multi‐Interfacial Confined Assembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots Quasisuperlattice Microcavities for High‐Resolution Full‐Color Microlaser Arrays
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Yuyan , Qiu Yuchen , Gao Hanfei , He Ke , Yang Junchuan , Zhao Yingjie , OuYang Guangwen , Ma Na , Wei Xiao , Du Zuliang , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen
Published: February 2024

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are considered a promising material for the next generation of integrated display devices due to their designable optical bandgap and low energy consumption. Owing to their dispersibility in solvents, CQD micro/nanostructures are generally fabricated by solution‐processing methods. However, the random mass transfer in liquid restricts the programmable construction in macroscopy and ordered assembly in microscopy for the integration of CQD optical structures. Herein, a multi‐interfacial confined assembly strategy is developed to fabricate CQDs programmable microstructure arrays with a quasisuperlattice configuration through controlling the dynamics of three‐phase contact lines (TPCLs). The motion of TPCLs dominates the division of liquid film for precise positioning of CQD microstructures, while pinned TPCLs control the solvent evaporation and concentration gradient to directionally drive the mass transfer and packing of CQDs. Owing to their long‐range order and adjustable structural dimensions, CQD microring arrays function as high‐quality‐factor (high‐Q) lasing resonant cavities with low thresholds and tunable lasing emission modes. Through the further surface treatment and liquid dynamics control, the on‐chip integration of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) multicomponent CQD microlaser arrays are demonstrated. The technique establishes a new route to fabricate large‐area, ultrahigh‐definition, and full‐color CQD laser displays.
Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Nanotube Membranes from Waste Biomass for Photoelectro‐Catalytic Water Purification
Authors: Zhai Gongxun , Liu Fuyao , Xiang Hengxue , Hu Zexu , Yu Senlong , Jiang Yi , Zhu Meifang
Published: February 2024

Printing and dyeing wastewater, that is discharged after textile printing and dyeing processing, can cause irreversible damage to the aquatic ecosystem and harm the health of human beings. Till now, completely and readily removing dye molecules from industrial wastewater using a single catalyst rather than the combination of several materials remains a significant challenge. Herein, in situ preparation of carbon nanotube membranes (N‐CNTM and N‐TiO2‐CNTM) are reported that are doped using N with/without TiO2, respectively. These membranes can simultaneously function as an adsorber, a photo‐catalyst, and an electrocatalyst to efficiently remove dye pollutes from industrial waste water. Further researches reveal that the formation of p‐n type heterojunction inside of the N‐CNTM and N‐TiO2‐CNTM, can improve the hole separation and charge storage abilities, resulting in the efficient removal of dyes in the industrial waste water. This work provides a promising approach for the preparation of functionalized carbon nanotubes derived from waste biomass for the treatment of industrial water, reflecting the concept of treating waste with waste.
State of Charge Estimation for Lithium‑Ion Batteries Based on Extended Kalman Particle Filter and Orthogonal Optimized Battery Model
Authors: Shi Shuaiwei , Zhang Minshu , Lu Mi , Wu Changfeng , Cai Xiang
Published: February 2024

State of charge (SOC) is a key state variable in lithium‑ion battery management system. The battery model and estimation algorithm are important factors that affect the accuracy of SOC estimation. In this paper, the optimization battery model is created by optimizing the hybrid power pulse characteristic (HPPC) parameter combination through orthogonal analysis. The simulation results demonstrate that optimizing the HPPC parameter combinations can improve battery modeling accuracy. Then, an extended Kalman particle filter (EKPF) algorithm is proposed by using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm as the density function of the particle filter (PF) algorithm. The EKPF algorithm is verified under the dynamic stress test and Beijing bus dynamic stress test conditions, the root mean absolute errors and root mean square errors in all cases are less than 1.5%. The experimental results show that the EKPF algorithm can combine the advantages of EKF and PF to estimate lithium‐ion battery SOC accurately.
Yeast‐Raised Polyamidoxime Hydrogel Prepared by Ice Crystal Dispersion for Efficient Uranium Extraction from Seawater
Authors: Wang Hui , Yao Weikun , Yuan Yihui , Shi Se , Liu Tao , Wang Ning
Published: February 2024

Uranium extraction from seawater has attracted worldwide attention due to the massive reserves of uranium. Due to the straightforward synthesis and strong affinity toward uranyl ions (UO22+), the amidoxime group shows promise for use in highly efficient uranium capture.  However, the low mass transfer efficiency within traditional amidoxime‐based adsorbents severely limits the adsorption rate and the utilization of adsorption sites. In this work, a macroporous polyamidoxime (PAO) hydrogel is prepared by yeast‐based biological foaming combined with ice crystal dispersion that effectively maintained the yeast activity. The yeast‐raised PAO (Y‐PAO) adsorbent has numerous bubble‐like holes with an average pore diameter >100 µm. These macropores connected with the intrinsic micropores of PAO to construct efficient diffusion channels for UO22+ provided fast mass transporting channels, leading to the sufficient exposure of hidden binding sites. The maximum adsorption capacity of Y‐PAO membrane reached 10.07 mg‐U/g‐ads, ≈1.54 times higher than that of the control sample. It took only eight days for Y‐PAO to reach the saturation adsorption capacity of the control PAO (6.47 mg‐U/g‐ads, 28 days). Meanwhile, Y‐PAO possessed excellent ion selectivity, good reusability, and low cost. Overall, the Y‐PAO membrane is a highly promising adsorbent for use in industrial‐scale uranium extraction from seawater.
Accelerated Selective Li+ Transports Assisted by Microcrack‐Free Anionic Network Polymer Membranes for Long Cyclable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Gao Jingyi , Zhou Jiaming , Chen Xiaodie , Tao Ran , Li Yao , Ru Yu , Li Chang , Kim Eunjong , Ma Xiaoting , Wang Min , Kim Yoonseob , Lee Seungkyu , Shin Dong‐Myeong
Published: February 2024

Rechargeable Li metal batteries have the potential to meet the demands of high‐energy density batteries for electric vehicles and grid‐energy storage system applications. Achieving this goal, however, requires resolving not only safety concerns and a shortened battery cycle life arising from a combination of undesirable lithium dendrite and solid‐electrolyte interphase formations. Here, a series of microcrack‐free anionic network polymer membranes formed by a facile one‐step click reaction are reported, displaying a high cation conductivity of 3.1 × 10−5 S cm−1 at high temperature, a wide electrochemical stability window up to 5 V, a remarkable resistance to dendrite growth, and outstanding non‐flammability. These enhanced properties are attributed to the presence of tethered borate anions in microcrack‐free membranes, which benefits the acceleration of selective Li+ cations transport as well as suppression of dendrite growth. Ultimately, the microcrack‐free anionic network polymer membranes render Li metal batteries a safe and long‐cyclable energy storage device at high temperatures with a capacity retention of 92.7% and an average coulombic efficiency of 99.867% at 450 cycles.