СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО СОВХОЗОВ И УКРУПНЕНИЕ КОЛХОЗОВ В СЕРЕДИНЕ 1950-Х - ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ 1960-Х ГГ. ПО РАБОТАМ СОВЕТСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЕЙ
Authors: С.Н. АНДРЕЕНКОВ 
Published: November 2024

Цель настоящего исследования - выявить особенности освещения советскими историками, экономистами, публицистами вопросов строительства совхозов и укрупнения колхозов в середине 1950-х - первой половине 1960-х гг. Выделяются три этапа развития историографии: 1953-1964 гг. («оттепель») - изучение темы по «горячим следам» событий; эпоха «застоя», продолжавшаяся с 1965 г. и до середины 1980-х гг.; «перестройка» - вторая половина 1980-х - 1991 г. Установлено, что советские авторы ввели в научный оборот значительный объем конкретно-исторической информации по теме, но для полного и объективного отображения анализируемых процессов ее оказалось недостаточно. Созданию достоверной картины совхозного строительства и укрупнения колхозов рассматриваемого периода препятствовала методологическая несвобода исследователей.

The analysis of the problems of the mass organization of state farms and the consolidation of collective farms in the mid-1950s - early 1960s (Khrushchev’s “state farmization” of agriculture) is one of the most important directions in the study of the agrarian history of the USSR. These activities were carried out in order to intensify agriculture and were part of the program of building communism. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the coverage of this problem by Soviet researchers: historians, economists, publicists. There are three stages in the development of historiography: 1953-1964 (“thaw”) - the period of studying the issue in “hot pursuit” of events; the era of “stagnation”, which lasted from 1965 until the mid-1980s; time of “perestroika” (second half of the 1980s - 1991). The scientific and historical research on the development of the collective farm and state farm system during the Khrushchev decade began in the mid-1960s. In their works, the historians took into account the guidelines of the supreme authority. The publications highlighted the achievements of socialist agricultural enterprises and emphasized the efficiency and non-alternativeness of the collective farm and state farm system. The policy of transforming collective farms into state farms was considered an appropriate undertaking, but the voluntarist forcing of this process that took place under N.S. Khrushchev was sharply condemned. During the years of “perestroika”, the researchers focused on the shortcomings of the state farm and collective farm village, sharp nihilistic assessments of the Soviet agrarian system appeared, and discussions of alternative options for its development took place. Voluntary peasant associations and individual farms were opposed to large state-owned agricultural enterprises. Throughout the Soviet period, a wide range of scientists of the USSR analyzed the development of the collective farm and state farm system of the mid-1950s - early 1960s, they introduced into scientific circulation a significant amount of specific-historical information, although the data provided to the researchers were not enough for comprehensive and objective demonstration of the analyzed processes. The researchers encountered the lack of methodological freedom, which hindered the creation of a reliable picture of the construction of state farms and the consolidation of collective farms in the period under consideration.