bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video Essay about Cinema: Ways of Representing and Interpreting Dominant Content in a Polycode Media Text The object of research in the article was video essays
Authors: Malysheva Elena
Published: October 2024

The object of research in the article was video essays published on the KinoPoisk YouTube channel. A multi-stage methodology for studying polycode media text was proposed, which is characterized by a system of applied techniques: genre, structural-semantic, conceptual analysis of media text; methodology for analyzing the polycode structure of a media text. Using the example of the analysis of the video essay «Why One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a Great Cinema», the constitutive genre features of the media genre, which are determined by the content dominants of the media text, are highlighted: title/title (sometimes subtitle) of the video essay; the compositional division of the video essay into parts, which are also given headings – this structure organizes the narrative of the video essay; description (annotation) of the video and time codes where the headings of the parts are written; movie quotes (visuals); fragments of the original soundtrack of the quoted films; musical accompaniment of video essay; semantically and stylistically complicated voice-over text (with the obligatory use of intertextual signs of various types); specific installation. The multi-level semantic structure of the video essay was studied and it was concluded that the content dominant of the video essay being studied is the concept of «Freedom» – one of the basic linguocultural concepts of the Russian language picture of the world. It has been established that the leading code through which the dominant content of a video essay is interpreted is verbal, supported and reinforced by other codes and subcodes of the polycode structure of the media genre. The analysis of the media text allows us to conclude that the author’s selection of film works, interpretation and interpretation of their content dominants, the tone of the discussion, «fitting» the film into the historical and cultural context, objectification of the value system of the collective author allows one to effectively influence the worldview of the mass addressee, forming and/or reframing his ideas about key ethical and cultural concepts, about historical and modern realities and events.
Representation of Gender Dominants in the Russian Language. Diachronic Aspect
Authors: Iskenderov Muslim
Published: October 2024

The article speaks about gender dominants in the Russian language. In Russian linguistics the problem of studying gender becomes especially relevant in the beginning of the 21st century, although the studies of peculiarities and differences in the speech of men and women were conducted throughout the 20th century. Gender studies make it possible to analyze language taking into account the multifactorial influence of gender, with the binary opposition «male / female», «masculine / feminine» largely representing the value orientations of any ethnos. In modern society, linguistic gender dominants are associated with the activation of the feminist movement around the world, as well as with the spread of variously interpreted liberal views. In general, femininity and masculinity as part of modern linguoculture are related to the essential characteristic of an individual and are determined by the qualities considered «feminine» or «masculine» in Russian ethnoculture. That is why the phraseosemantic group of feminine and masculine lexicon is actively replenished in the modern Russian language. However, in general, it should be stated that in Russian linguoculture, first of all, the gender dominants, preserved since ancient times, which are based on the binary opposition of mother / father, man / woman.
Perbaikan Retensi pada Gigi Tiruan Lengkap: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Anita Anita , Melisa Melisa
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Losing all teeth in the oral cavity is a challenge for dentist, especially in patients who never use dentures or in patients who have a history of uncomfortable dentures. We reported a 70-year-old male patient who complained that his newly made dentures were loose and difficulty in swallowing. The dentures were made three months ago and he felt uncomfortable while using them. After observing the old complete dentures, we found that the denture flanges were overextension, therefore, the dentures often fell off when used. The patient wanted to have new dentures, so he could eat properly. The new complete denture was made by paying attention to the flanges and posterior palatal seal areas to obtain better retention and stability. Individual tray and border molding as well as physiological impression were made carefully to obtain optimal result. In conclusion, the new dentures provide better retention and the patient is satisfied with the result. Good retention and stability of complete dentures can improve the quality of life of patients, especially the eldery.
Keywords: retention; stability; border molding; posterior palatal seal
  
Abstrak: Kehilangan semua gigi dalam rongga mulut merupakan tantangan bagi dokter gigi terutama pada pasien yang belum pernah menggunakan gigi tiruan lepasan sebelumnya atau pada pasien yang telah memiliki riwayat dimana gigi tiruannya tidak nyaman. Kami melaporkan kasus seorang pasien laki-laki berusia 70 tahun dengan keluhan gigi tiruan yang baru dibuat tiga bulan lalu terasa sering lepas dan kesulitan menelan. Setelah diobservasi gigi tiruan lengkap yang lama memiliki sayap gigi tiruan yang terlalu panjang sehingga sering lepas ketika digunakan. Pasien ingin dibuatkan gigi tiruan baru dengan harapan dapat makan dengan lebih baik. Gigi tiruan lengkap yang baru dibuat dengan memperhatikan tepi-tepi sayap dan daerah posterior palatal seal sehingga didapatkan retensi dan stabilitas yang lebih baik. Sendok cetak perorangan dan penutupan batas tepi serta pencetakan fisiologis dilakukan dengan seksama untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Simpulan kasus ini ialah gigi tiruan baru memberikan retensi yang lebih baik dimana pasien puas dengan gigi tiruan yang baru. Retensi dan stabilitas yang baik dari gigi tiruan lengkap dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien terutama pada lansia.
Kata kunci: retensi; stabilitas; penutupan tepi; batas posterior palatum
Heat Transfer Analysis and Friction Factor of Ternary Nanofluids with Twisted Tape Inserts
Authors: Ramadhan Anwar Ilmar , Azmi Wan Hamzah , Lasman As Natio , Umar Efrizon , Sharma Korada Viswanatha
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the heat transfer efficiency and friction factor of ternary nanofluids (Al₂O₃-TiO₂-SiO₂) in a simple tube equipped with a twisted tape. Ternary nanofluids, prepared using a volume-based composition ratio of 20:16:64, were tested at various volume concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 3.0%. Forced convection heat transfer experiments were conducted under varying Reynolds numbers (2,300 to 12,000) and a bulk temperature of 70 °C. The results indicate that the maximum viscosity occurs at a volume concentration of 3.0%. The highest increase in heat transfer for ternary nanofluids in a simple tube with twisted tape (H/D = 2.0) was achieved at a volume concentration of 3.0%, reaching 225.35%. Compared to a plain tube, the average thermal performance factor (TPF) of the twisted tape was significantly improved, with a further increase observed when the volume concentration rose from 2.73% to 3.22%.
Marketplace of Ideas and Platform Governance
Authors:   Korean Constitutional Law Asscciation, Moon Euibien
Published: October 2024

The concept of ‘marketplace of ideas’ has been employed as a conventional argument to justify freedom of expression. The Constitutional Court of Korea has also been significantly influenced by this concept, presenting it as a rationale to protect freedom of expression and asserting that “the Internet is the medium most closely approximating the ‘marketplace of ideas’”. However, the proliferation of disinformation, hate speech, and the development of artificial intelligence have urged a re-evaluation of the validity of the ‘marketplace of ideas’, which posits that truth can prevail over falsehoods through unrestricted competition.
‘Marketplace of ideas’, which is advocated from a laissez-faire perspective, also encounters challenges related to market failure when examined from an economic perspective. This phenomenon occurs because market failure is not limited to the market for goods but extends to the market for ideas as well. In the context of freedom of expression, market failure can result in impediments to information distribution, insufficient dissemination of high-quality information, and democratic representation.
To address market failure in the realm of free expression, it is imperative to focus on platform governance. In the United States, self-regulation by individual companies or industries, and in Europe, co-regulation by governments, have been proposed as potential solutions to market failure. The divergence between the US and European approaches to platform governance stems from the distinct constitutional traditions of freedom of expression. While platform governance mechanisms, such as self-regulation and co-regulation, offer advantages including flexibility, expedience, and professionalism, they may also generate tensions with the rule of law and potentially result in private censorship when limiting fundamental rights. To ensure the democratic legitimacy of self-regulation, limitations on freedom of expression must be implemented in a manner consistent with the rule of law. Furthermore, to prevent co-regulation from devolving into private censorship, considerable caution must be exercised to ensure that government intervention does not transform into censorship by administrative authority.
Prossimo venturo
Authors: Di Carlo Miriam
Published: October 2024

Numerose sono le richieste di lettori riguardanti il valore temporale di prossimo venturo in relazione a una data. Altrettanto numerose sono le domande sulla differenza tra prossimo e prossimo venturo, e sull’abbreviazione del plurale prossimi/e venturi/e.
SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF THE HEAT EMITTED FROM THE LAND SURFACE IN DETERMINING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DESERT SOILS IN AL-SAMAWAH DESERT USING “GIS”
Authors: A. A. Akram  , A. I. Hamad
Published: October 2024

This study was aimed to reveal the variation land surface temperature "LST" with some characteristics of desert soils in the Samawa desert at Al-Muthanna province, and to adopt solutions and treatments by identifying factors and indicators that have a direct impact to desertification, by  using geographic information systems mapping for spatial distribution  Some physical and chemical properties  were selected. . the result showed that there was a statistical relationship between LST and the physical characteristics, as it was revealed that the comparison of sand and silt content with the land surface temperature "LST" . There is a significant relationship with the determination coefficient of R2=0.6. The chemical properties, the results showed that there was a significant connection between the electrical conductivity with the land surface temperature with a coefficient of determination R2=0.5 and an It was also observed that there is a significant relationship between the land surface temperature and the temperature measured in the field with a determination coefficient R2=0.6.
EFFECT OF SEASON ON METABOLITES AND SEMEN TRAITS OF BULLS
Authors: F. G. AL-Gebouri  , S. M. Eidan
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the winter and spring seasons on some biomarkers and semen characteristics of Holstein bulls (n = 20) during the Coronavirus pandemic period. Semen was collected for 16 weeks and evaluated weekly, along with the determination of some biomarkers. Sperm concentration, live sperm percentage, the concentrations of the most amino acids, essential, non-essential, and total amino acids, all carboxylic acids, omega 3, 6, 9, total fatty acids, and total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, increased (P<0.05) in semen of spring compared to the winter season. Moreover, the percentage of plasma membrane integrity was higher in the winter than the spring season. The concentration of malondialdehyde in semen decreased (P<0.05) in the semen during the winter compared to the spring season. These biomarkers may have played a role in the fertility and semen quality or were affected by the season and repercussions of the Corona pandemic (feed shortage stress). In conclusion, the level of some amino and carboxylic acids can be adopted as an indicator of climate change (season) and semen quality of bulls or energy level in the diet.
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITIN AND CHITOSAN FROM LOCAL IRAQI FISH SCALES
Authors: Shemaa A. Soud  , Maysaa A. Ali  , Wedean G. Alhadban  , Ali A. Taha
Published: October 2024

Both chitin and deacylated form of chitosan are considered the second most biopolymer available in nature after cellulose. Chitin and chitosan have an economic value related to their industrial, biological and biomedical applications. In this study, chitin was extracted from of Iraqi carp fish scales (Cyprinus carpio L.) and then deacylated into the chitosan. The obtained samples have been distinguished through Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA).  The FTIR analysis for chitin showed the characteristic spectra at 1541 cm-1 and 1647 cm-1 associated to N-H bending vibration and C=O stretching vibration respectively. Thus, the FTIR spectra of chitosan gave characteristics bands of 1647 cm-1 for a carbonyl group. Thus, thermogravimetric analysis suggests that chitin had been found to be more stable than chitosan. Moreover, study of physiochemical properties for obtained chitosan was identified the molar mass (MW) of prepared chitosan to be 2.5 x 105(g/mol) with 4.5%moisture content, 0.050% ash and insoluble content about 0.59%.  The degree of deacetylation (DD) was also studied based on potentiometric titration and FTIR were reached to 57% and 63% respectively. It has been confirmed by the functional properties of the prepared chitosan that it can be commercially used in different fields. Preparing chitosan from fish waste would be minimise the pollutants to the environment.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF BACILLUS MUCILAGINOSUS AND PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS ON THE AVAILABILITY OF SOIL POTASSIUM, GROWTH AND YIELD OF CUCURBITA PEPO L.
Authors: Maysoon A. K.  , Kareem. U. Hassan
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was carried out at the field of Agricultural Research and Experiments Station during the season 2021-2022 in order to study the  synergestic  effect and compatible between  Bacillus mucilaginosus and  Pseudomonas fluorescens when they added as combination on  potassium availability in the soil and on some plant growth characteristics and yield of Cucurbita pepo L. The experiment included four treatments B0, control , B1 addition of Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculum, B2 addition Pseudomonas fluorescens inoculum and B1 B2 addition of acombination of B1 and B2 inoculum .  The experiment was conducted by using randomised  complete blocks design in three replicates . The results showed that the co- inoculation with Bacillus mucilaginous and Pseudomonas fluorescens significant effect on quantity of  soluble,exchangeable potassium as well as the plant height, dry weight of shoots, percentage of potassium in the shoot and in the fruits and total yield  as compared with individual inoculation for any bacteria B1 or B2 which refers to positive synergestic  effect. B1B2 treatment achieved the highest mean of soluble, exchangeable potassium which amounted to(0.163,0.856) cmol kg-1 soil respectively with an increase of (21.642 %, 15.676%) and (33.606%, 22.636%) of what was achieved by treatment (B1, B2) for the mean of soluble, exchangeable potassium respectively . B1B2 treatment achieved the lowest mean of( non-exchangeable and mineral) potassium which amounted to (35.280)  cmol kg-1 soil.
INFLUENCE OF TARGET SEEDING RATES BASED ON THOUSAND KERNEL WEIGHT ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH TRAITS OF TRITICALE, VARIETY ADMIRAL- Part I.
Authors: Sumaya A. Abdullah  , Ahmed S. Khalaf
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted during two seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 at the Grdarasha Research Station of the Agricultural Engineering Sciences College-Salahaddin University-Erbil. The experiment was designed as factorial within randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates. The first factor included three target seeding rates of Triticale (×Triticosecale wittmack, variety Admiral (200,250,and300seeds.m-2), while the second factor was three grain size grades whole, thousand kernels weight (TKW) 47.32 g, heavy seeds, TKW 54.04 and light seeds TKW 40.18 g. The results revealed to no significant influence of seeds weight or seeding rates and their interaction on this trait excluding whole sample seed (ungraded) at the rate target of 300 seeds.m-2, which was significantly reduced flag leaf area. Leaf area index was significantly varied among seed weight and target seeding rates or by their interactions. The plant height of triticale although it was higher for heavy seeds and higher target seeding rates, but it was not reached significant level, either by seed grade or target seed rate and their interactions in both. Plant height ranges from 88.00 for heavy seeds at rate 300 seeds.m-2 to 83.00 for light seeds at rate 200 seeds.m-2 for the season 2019-2020. The highest tillers number was recorded for seed rate 300.m-2 with whole ungraded seeds (176.00).
THE PREVALENCE OF (OMPA, CSUE) GENES AMONG BIOFILM PRODUCER ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII ISOLATES
Authors: Noor Alhuda A. K  , S. S Mahmood
Published: October 2024

Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant public health problem because it is capable of forming biofilms that may be responsible for the survival of this pathogen in the hospital environment. The aim of this study is to determine the role of (OmpA, CsuE) genes in biofilm production among A. baumannii isolates. A total of 100 clinical isolates of bacteria were collected from a different sources.  All isolates were identified by biochemical test, specific selective media (CHROMagar) and polymerase chain reaction by detection presence of (blaOXA51) gene. only 60 isolates were diagnosed as A. baumannii, and to determine the biofilm production capacity two different methods were used Congo red agar method(CRA) and Microtiter plate method (MTP). MTP method result showed 85% of isolates were able to form biofilms, on the other hand, 33.33% of isolates had a biofilm production ability by showing bright black colonies on CRA. Conventional PCR was used to detect the presence of (OmpA, CsuE) genes and the result showed the prevalence of both genes in all isolates were 97%(58/60). It also shows a strong correlation between the presence of these genes and biofilm formation.
EFFECTS OF SOWING DATE AND LOCATIONS ON THE SELECTED WHEAT CULTIVARS QUALITY PERFORMANCE
Authors: Abdulla, Sh. S.  , K. M. Mustafa  , D. A. Sabir
Published: October 2024

The current study was aimed assessing the effects of cultivars, sowing date and locations on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) quality parameters grain protein concentration (GP), Gluten Index GI, falling number (FN), Water absorption capacity (WAC %), Pasting temperature (PT), and loaf volume (LV) of five bread wheat cultivars viz. Alla, Hassad, Charmo, Maaroof, and Adana as control, two sowing dates (Nov 15th, Dec 15th) at each location under rainfed environment. Grain samples were obtained from previous field experiments were conducted at two locations of Sulaimani Governate in Iraq-Kurdistan-region, Qlyasan and Halabja, during growing seasons 2018-2019. The experiments were conducted using RCBD within split plot arrangement with three replicates. Result for companied analysis, showed that cultivars sowing date, locations, the interactions CS, CL, and SL and tri-interaction CSL were high significantly affects to all quality traits except GP for location, LV for SL and GP for CS interaction, which were non-significant. The results confirmed that sowing wheat lately is an accept option for maximizing GP, GI, PT, and LV, while, optimum sowing was increasing FN and WA traits, regardless of cultivar or location. Wheat grown at Qlyasan appeared to have more GP content, FN, WA, PT, and LV, while Halabja location to have stronger gluten quality (GI). The di-interactions viz. CS, CL, and SL and tri-interaction CSL played a significant important role in changing or modifying the values of the quality traits.
EFFECT OF NANO AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION WITH NPK AND CHELATED ZINC ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF TAIFI AND KAMALI GRAPE CULTIVARS
Authors: Yousra M. Saleh Aljubori  , Nabil M. Ameen Alimam  , Shawkat M. Al-Atrushy
Published: October 2024

This research was performed during the 2021 seasons in private orchard located in Bara-Bhar-Duhok governorate to study the effect of soil application of chemical and Nano-NPK, foliar spray with chelated Nano-Zinc and their interaction on vegetative growth of Taifi and Kamali grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.). NPK (20:20:20) was added to the soil at five levels (0, 216 g.vine-1, 324 g.vine-1 chemical NPK, 3.24 and 6.48 g.vine-1 Nano-NP (, chelated Nano-Zinc was added at three concentration (0, 100 and 200 mg.l-1). The results showed the superiority of the Taifi cultivar in traits of number of leaves per vine, Single leaf Area and leaves dry weight over the Kamali cultivar, while Kamali cultivar was superiority in traits of leaf area per cluster ratio and total chlorophyll over the Taifi cultivar. Soil application of chemical and Nano-NPK and foliar application of Nano-zinc fertilizer achieved significant increase in vegetative growth (number of leaves, Single leaf Area, and total leaves area per vine, total chlorophyll and leaves dry weight) compare to control.  Furthermore, combination among high concentration of Nano-NPK, Nano-zinc for Taifi and Kamali cultivars improved all parameters in comparison with the control.
PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY FOR GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SIX-ROW BARLEY CULTIVARS UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTS IN KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ
Authors: Abdulla, A. A.  , K. M. Mustafa
Published: October 2024

This study was aimed to investigate yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under six different environmental conditions E1- E6 including two sowing date S1 and S2 at three location (Qlyasan, Kanipanka, Chamchamal) in KIR using 10 barley cultivars (C), Numar, Rafidain, Al-warka, Al-Amal, IPPA 265, IPPA 99, Arivat (local), Samir, Qalay 1, and Ukraine (Common cultivated). Experiment was applied using to complete randomized blocks design. The stability analysis was done using the linear regression model. The differences between the means were compared through Duncan multiple range test. The results was revealed that the mean sum of squares due to cultivars, environment, and C x E were highly significant for all studied characters. The cultivar Numar which had highest mean grain yield (3.559) th-1, high bi value1.96 and low S2di 0.058) considered optimal yield stability cultivar. The combination C1E3 gave the top grain yielding (6.91 th-1) due to very high GS, high NS and good TGW performances.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN MILK THISTLE SEED VARIETIES IN SULAIMANI, IRAQ
Authors: Rozhgar M. A.  , B. J. Mahmood  , A. J. Muhammad rashid  , K. R. Ahmad
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted using two different varieties of milk thistle, var. marianum, and var. albiflorum. The plant samples were collected from the Sulaimani region to determine silymarin content, bioactive constituents, and antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis showed that var. marianum contains a high amount of silymarin (365.680±3.815 mg/g). Silybin B, Silychristin A, and Silybin A were the major flavonolignans in these varieties—the var. marianum contains silybins B, silychristin A, and silybin A (174.880±6.495, 86.720±2.113, and 54.960±2.483 mg/g) respectively. The hexane extract analysis of milk thistle seeds of the marianum and albiflorum varieties identified 26 (95.229±1.318) and 19 (94.547±6.541) phytochemical compounds, respectively. Both varieties contain a higher amount of oleic acid, which was found to be 14.800±0.481 and 31.940±0.726 in both varieties, respectively. This study evaluates the scavenging effect of milk thistle plants using a DPPH assay. The result indicated that the var. marianum had a maximum scavenging effect of 72.944% compared to the var. albiflorum, (61.846%). The stronger IC50 was obtained by var. marianum with 17.027±0.064 µg/mL.
EFFECT OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE DESIGN OF GREEN URBAN SPACES FOR THE SALHIA COMPLEX
Authors: Sundus A. A.  , S.N.Jasim  , S. M. Al-kaissi
Published: October 2024

This study was aimed to identify the basic principles and design considerations (cultural and natural) that can be relied upon in the urban landscape design for vertical residential complexes in Baghdad city. The descriptive and analytical approach was followed to collect and extract the data for urban green spaces of Al-Salhia residential complex within Baghdad city that based on six tools for data collection and analysis which were: field survey, climatic factors analysis, urban fabric analysis, personal interviews, cultural factors analysis, and questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of the people and specialists from Al-Salhia complex residents. After collecting the forms, the data was gathered by the "Excel Office Microsoft" software, and the " System Analysis Statistical" program was used to download the data and the differences between the means were compared with the least significant difference "LSD" test.  The results revealed that the decrement in the green space’s percent of the complex and their efficien. And the shades created by the residential buildings were not taken into consideration by designing the green spaces and their impact.
HYDROCHEMICAL STUDY OF BALAK RIVER, ERBIL-IRAQ
Authors: Arkhawan J. Sh.  , R. N. Dara  , M.A. Chnaray  , A. R. Ahmed  , H.S. Khoshnaw
Published: October 2024

This study was aimed to assess the water quality of different water resources (Surface water, subsurface in water, and groundwater) across the Balak river basin. Twenty two different water resource samples were collected and subjecting to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. Balak river basin, situated in Erbil governorate, Iraq, it is located 10 km to the east from Bekhal Waterfall. Five attributers combine with Balak River within the basin areas which are: Rezanok Sub River, Balakiyan Sub River, Basan Sub River, Roste Sub River, and Alana Sub River. The hydro chemical study of all water resources during the investigated period revealed that the spring waters are relatively higher in electrical conductivity value compared to other sources. Some surface water samples were recorded high turbidity value. Values recorded for physicochemical parameters were within WHO and Iraqi standards guideline values except for some samples of turbidity. According to water classification, all samples have a very similar composition, and can be classified as Ca-HCO3 water. This indicated that they correspond to different sampling points along different rivers, and different samples along the same river.
EFFECT OF BIO-ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZATION, ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF CAULIFLOWER (Brassica oleraceae Var.botrytis)
Authors: Ola. M. S. Aldolaimy  , H. A. Abdul- Ratha  , B. K. Abduljabar
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of three factors, the first was biofertilization with four types (without addition, combination of A.brasilense + A. chroococcum combination of G.mosseae + T. harzianum, and combination of the two previous combinations), The second factor four types of organic fertilizer(without adding,vermicompost ,Orgevit, a combination of the two previous organic fertilizers),and the third factor mineral fertilizer with two levels (0% and 50%) of the fertilizer recommendation in addition to the full fertilizer recommendation treatment (second comparison).RCBD was used with three replications. The results showed that the triple interaction of the biofertilization treatments added with the organic fertilizer combination of organic fertilizer with 50% of the mineral fertilizer recommendation showed the highest averages for the characteristics of growth and the total yield, which gave79.740 Mg ha-1, and the content of leaves and the curd from N, P and K after harvest and the content of the soil of N, P and K after harvesting, which amounted to 70.81, 38.19, 370.44 mg kg soil-1,in comparison with the no addition treatment which gave the lowest averages .
ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A COOLING SYSTEM (REFRIGERATOR) OPERATING WITH A THERMOELECTRIC COOLING SYSTEM USED TO PRESERVE CROPS AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Ahmed A. K.  , N. S. Kadhim
Published: October 2024

This experiment was conducted to assemble and test a cooling system operating with a thermoelectric cooling system (TEC) used to preserve crops and agricultural products from April 14 to June 24, 2021 AD. The study included a test of adding Heat Sink to the cold side of the thermoelectric cooling plates (TEC) with two levels (without heat sink (A1) and with heat sink (A2)) inside the system. 6 cooling models (TEC) were used with 6 heat sinks distributed in the form of two groups, and each group includes three cooling model (TEC). The following characteristics were measured (internal temperature (Tin), temperature difference (∆T), relative humidity (RH), time required to cool (t), cooling capacity (Qc) and Coefficient of Performance (COP). The results reveated that the presence of Heat Sink (A2) was superior than without (A1) in the following characteristics: It gave the lowest temperature inside the system 6.55Cº by 35% over treatment (A1), and pointed the highest (∆T, RH, t, Qc and COP) by (24.19 Cº, 82.32% , 43.73W and 19.87%) respectively. All these obtained results give with a cooling time 4.6h which was higes about 14% than (A1). Where the electrical capacity used 220W.
PURIFICATION OF BETA-GLUCOSIDASE FROM APRICOT SEEDS TO REDUCE THE TOTAL VICINE –CONVICINE CONTENT IN FABA BEANS (VICIA FABA L.)
Authors: K. A. Shaker  , Marie K. Walsh  , H. K. Ali  , J. M. Nasser
Published: October 2024

This research was aimed to purified beta-glucosidase from apricot seeds using ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by gel filtration chromatography, then ion exchange chromatography.  Ion exchange chromatography resulted in the enzyme sample with a specific activity of 41.3 U/mg with a purification fold of 15 and a yield of 30.3%.  The apricot beta-glucosidase had an optimum pH of 4 with good stability between pH 3 and 6.  The optimum temperature was 60°C and there was good stability between 5 and 40°C.  Faba beans treated at pH 5.5 containing beta-glucosidase showed higher total vicine removal than with only water at pH 5.5 after 4 h.  Additionally, treatment at 40°C showed higher total vicine removal that treatments at 25°C. However, treating faba beans at pH 5.5 with and without beta-glucosidase resulted in a lower total vicine content for the enzyme treatment before cooking but the total vicine content after cooking was the same for the water treated compared to the enzyme treated.   As an industrial by-product, apricot seeds are a rich source of beta-glucosidase that may be used to treat faba beans to increase their nutritional composition.
ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTED FROM Viola odorata L. CULTIVATED IN IRAQ
Authors: Zainab O. Salman  , Shaymaa I. K. Al-juboori  , Bushra M.J. Alwash
Published: October 2024

This study was aimed to determine the composition of essential oil contained in Viola odorata flowers and leaves. As well as assessing the cytotoxic effects of this oil on cancer cells and its antioxidant properties. A GC-Mass analysis was conducted to reveal essential oil components in flowers and leaves. For testing the antioxidant capacity of flowers and leaves oil, DPPH (1,1 Dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), resazurin dye, and hydroxyl were used. An in vitro study was conducted using lung cancer (A549) and breast normal (MCF-10) cell lines with concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 µl/ml of V. odorata L. essential oil.   According to the results, essential oils derived from flowers and leaves contain different components in terms of quality and quantity. At a concentration of 300 µl/ml, the results showed that flowers' essential oil was highly antioxidant (98.16 %, 92.47%, 94.00 %) when combined with DPPH, resazurin dye, and hydroxyl, respectively. There was variation in cytotoxic effects on cancer cells based on oil concentrations and sources (flowers and leaves). In conclusion, the A549 cell line was significantly affected by flower oil than by leaves oil. The highest effect of flower oil was observed at a concentration of 300 µl/ml.
Oxigenioterapia hiperbárica na prática clínica em feridas
Authors: Matheus Fernanda Araújo Valle , Costa Cintia Silva de Souza , Fernandes Ana Paula , Oliveira Fabiana Gonçalves Vieira de , Lassala Janaína Nascimento , Alves Jaddy Kelly Matheus , Santos Elaine Maria dos , Lima Jean Carla de
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: descrever o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre a oxigenoterapia hiperbárica na prática clínica. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada no mês de setembro de 2024. A busca foi feita através do Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), que abrangem as principais bases de dados e suas publicações acerca dos temas relacionados à saúde. Foram encontrados 14 artigos na plataforma CAPES, e 78 na BVS, totalizando 92 artigos, e após a análise seguindo as instruções fundamentais da Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA), foram incluídos oito artigos na revisão, publicados na National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciElo). Resultados: Foram incluídos neste estudo oito artigos que versam sobre o conhecimento sobre a oxigenoterapia hiperbárica na prática clínica de feridas. Conclusão: Constatou-se na presente revisão, que a OHB apresentou resultados clínicos favoráveis como terapia adjuvante no tratamento de lesões complexas diversas, como na melhora da cicatrização na ferida, mostrando o papel do enfermeiro e sua praxis no cuidado às pessoas com lesão de pele.
Processo de enfermagem na urgência e emergência: desenvolvimento de instrumento
Authors: Perinoti Lívia Cristina Scalon da Costa , Rovere Alessandra Moreira Dal , Gabriel Magali , Reis Eluana Maria Cristófaro , Barbosa Carlos César , Moraes Juliana Aguiar , Gomes Rita de Cássia
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: realizar a construção de um instrumento específico para o Processo de Enfermagem (PE) destinado aos contextos de urgência e emergência. Método: trata-se de revisão integrativa com o intuito de gerar um embasamento sólido para o desenvolvimento do instrumento de Processo de Enfermagem (PE) voltado para o ambiente de urgência e emergência, sendo a etapa do desenvolvimento do instrumento, um estudo metodológico. Resultados: 7 artigos foram selecionados para compor a revisão integrativa e utilizados como base para construção do instrumento de Processo de Enfermagem. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o instrumento sobre processo de enfermagem na urgência e emergência construído auxilia a lacuna evidenciada da falta de padronização e planejamento da assistência neste contexto.
Readability Analysis of Ecology Laboratory Manual: Evaluation and Recommendations
Authors: Zulhendri Zulhendri
Published: October 2024

This study aims to describe or analyze the readability of ecology laboratory manuals, evaluate their effectiveness, and provide recommendations for improvement. This research is descriptive. The data collection technique employed readability tests, while data analysis utilized percentage techniques. The research findings indicate an average readability test score of 74.66%, categorized as valid. These results suggest that the laboratory manual is valid and does not require revision, making it suitable for use by students.
Dominansi Bintang Laut (Asteroidea) di Pantai Awang Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Authors: Khairunnisah Khairunnisah
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the dominance of sea stars (Asteroidea) at Awang Beach, Central Lombok Regency. The research type is descriptive comparative. Sampling was conducted at three stations: Station I, Station II, and Station III, using the transect-quadrat method. Data collection techniques included direct observation and documentation. The parameter measured was sea star dominance. The results indicate that the sea star dominance index at the three stations is 0.576, categorized as low.
الانزياح في مدائح ومراثي آل البيت للشاعر نصر الله الحائري
Authors: جميل حسن محمد علي  , زاده أ.م.د. فاطمة أكبرى
Published: October 2024

تعرضت الدراسات النقدية للانزياح بوصفه ظاهرة مُميِّزة للأسلوب يجب على الباحث دراستها وكشف دلالات بنياتها، فلا يكاد الملمح الفني أن يتحقق في أي عملٍ إبداعي إلا بمقدار ثرائه في ذلك النص، وإن محاولة المبدع لاختراق اللغة المألوفة، والأساليب المتداولة لتحصيل الطاقة الجمالية التأثيرية هو ما يميز مستوى الخطاب الإبداعي عن بقية مستوياته الأخرى (المستوى العادي) المنحصرة في وظيفة الإبلاغ، وبغية الكشف عن سمات النص الشعري وموطن تفرده وإبداعه التي استقل الشاعر بها عن غيره. فقد اتخذت الدراسة ظاهرة الانزياح لتسلط الضوء من خلالها على ديوان الحائري في بابي (مدائح آل البيت ومراثيهم) لما زخرت به من فنون أدبية واتصالها الروحي والعقائدي لشاعر هو من مراجع الشيعة العظام في القرن الثاني عشر الهجري مستعينةً بالمنهج التحليلي الوصفي في تناولها لمحاور الدراسة، وتحديد مفهوم الانزياح وأشكاله المتصلة بالتركيب، أو المتصلة باللغة الإيحائية والدلالية عبر الصور التشبيهية والاستعارية. فقد وظف الحائري انزياحاته لتنبيه المتلقي وشده لما يريد إيصاله من معنى، ودفع الرتابة عن أساليبه بما يضمن تفاعله وإشراكه في وضع القراءات المتعددة بدفعه للتأويل تحقيقاً لتجانس العناصر المنزاحة. كما وتظهر مواطن تفرد الشاعر في نقله الصادق للصور التخيلية بما أضفاه عليها من تفصيل وتراكب أضفى عليها الجدة، وحمّلها تجربته الخاصة رغم قرب مأخذها واستلهامها من موروثه الأدبي.
الجناس في شعر ابن العرندس (840هـ)دراسة تحليلية
Authors: دعاء كاظم كشيش  , الكلابي أ.د. حازم كريم عباس
Published: October 2024

ارتأت فكرة البحث أن نبحث في الجناس وأنواعه وأن نطبقها على النصوص الشعرية من شعرابن العرندس الحلي، إذ نراه قد اكثر من استعمال أنواع عدة من الجناس ليجعل القارئ يستشعر التماثل بين الكلمات ويشده نحو النص ويستعمل كذلك التزاوج بين أنواع الجناس ويؤدي هذا التزاوج الى أن يمتلئ البيت بشحنات موسيقية متناغمة تزيدهُ طربًا، فضلًا عن واقع الدهشة الذي يحدثه ذلك الاختلاف في معنى هذه الالفاظ ،وهذا يوضح بشكل كبير مقدرة الشاعر في تسخير الأساليب البلاغية تسخيرًا جماليًا وفنيًا كبيرين.
الأسس القانونية والفقهية لدور الإنذار في رفع المسؤولية
Authors: محبي الباحث: قادر داد , مقدادي د. محمد مهدی
Published: October 2024

الإنذار كقاعدة قانونية وفقهية تعني توجيه التنبيه بخطر محتمل؛ بناءً على هذه القاعدة، إذا قام شخص بإبلاغ آخرين قبل مواجهة خطر محتمل ولكن لم يلتفت المخاطَب لهذا التنبيه وتسبب في إصابته بضرر جسدي أو مالي بسبب استهتاره، فإن المسؤولية (المدنية والجنائية) لا تقع على المنذر. يمكن تحليل الأسس القانونية للإنذار على أساس نظرية التقصير، والمخاطرة، وضمان الحق.
. وبناءً على نظرية ضمان الحق فيما يتعلق بالإنذار، يضمّن الحق أحيانًا للمرتكب للفعل الضار وأحيانًا للمتضرر؛ لأنه إذا قدم المرتكب للفعل الضار الإنذار اللازم ولكن المتضرر لم يلتفت إليه، فإن الحق يُضمن لعدم مسؤولية المرتكب، ولكن إذا لم يقدم المرتكب للفعل الضار إنذارًا قبل ارتكاب الفعل وتسببت تصرفاته الضرر، فيضمن الحق إذا وضع المسؤولية على عاتق المرتكب للسلوك الضار. يتم تحليل دور الإنذار في إزالة المسؤولية من منظور الفقه بناءً على قاعدة الإقدام والإتلاف ويتماشى ذلك مع ما هو متوقع في القانون
الكلمات المفتاحية: الإنذار، رفع المسؤولية، المسؤولية الجنائية، المسؤولية المدنية، القانون، الفقه
علم الطبقات وأثره في الكشف عن تدليس الرواة
Authors: العزاوي م.د. سهاد حسين
Published: October 2024

إن علم الطبقات من العلوم التي عُني بها المسلمون منذ بواكير تدوين الحديث الشريف ؛ لما لهذا العلم من أثر بالغ في تصحيح الروايات ، والكشف عن المثالب التي قد تلحق بعض الأسانيد؛ عن طريق ملاحظة تأريخ ولادة الرواة ووفياتهم وبلدانهم التي أقاموا فيها أو ارتحلوا وسكنوا فيها....وغير ذلك مما له أثر في تحديد الملاقاة والسماع بين رواة الحديث الشريف.
    وقد لاحظت الباحثة وجود علاقة وثيقة بين علم الطبقات، والتدليس في الروايات الذي يعد أحد العلل التي تصيب الروايات ؛ لذلك جاءت هذه الدراسة بعنوان( علم الطبقات وأثره في الكشف عن تدليس الرواة)؛ إذ إنه عن طريق علم الطبقات يمكننا كشف التدليس سواء ما تعلق منه بتأريخ ولادة الرواة أم تأريخ وفاتهم أم أماكن سكناهم أم شيوخهم وتلامذتهم الراوون عنهم...وقد يُقال أن علم الطبقات له أهمية في كشف الإرسال، وليس التدليس، ولكن ما وجدناه أن معرفة الطبقات تحدد كثيراص من حالات التدليس التي تحدث في أسانيد الحديث الصحيح،
    وبناء عليه فإن هذا البحث يرمي إلى بيان العلاقة بين علم الطبقات من جهة ، وعلم العلل بما يختص بالتدليس في الروايات من جهة أخرى، ومن ثَمّ استخلاص النتيجة من ذلك الربط ببيان أثر الطبقة في الكشف عن التدليس بأنواعه المختلفة.
أساليب حوار النبي محمد (ص) مع قومه وانقلاب الأمة من بعده
Authors: التفات جليل عاشور  , الجراح أ.د. خولة مهدي
Published: October 2024

ذكر القران الكريم حوارات الأنبياء مع اقوامهم بأساليب واضحة والتي كانت  لا صلاح تلك الأقوام والأمم ، وكان هدف جميع الأنبياء والرسل واحداً ، وهو انتشال اقوامهم من الكفر والضلال  وعبادة الأصنام من خلال محاوراتهم  في عبادة الواحد الأحد  الخالق ، لقد اختار الله تعالى محمداً (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) رسولاً اميناً ومعلماً مبيناً ، اختار له ديناً قويماً ، هداه في كتابه صراطاً مستقيماً ، وارتضاه لجميع البشر أماماً وجعله للشرائع النبوية خاتماً  ، فانتهت اليه النبوءات ، فقال تعالى : (ما كان محمدٌ أبا أحدٍ مِّن  رّجالكُمْ  وَلَكِن َّرسُولَ الله وَخَاتَمَ النَبِيَنَ  وَكَانَ الله بِكُلِّ شَيءٍ عَلِيماً).
وفي هذه الدراسة سوف يقوم البحث بدراسة أساليب حوار النبي محمد (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) مع قومه . وفق الخطة الأتية : المبحث الأول : أساليب  حوار  النبي  محمد (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم )  مع قومه. المبحث الثاني : كيفية انقلاب الأمة بعد النبي محمد (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم )  .
(آيات القوّة في الخطاب القرآنيّ دراسةٌ لمقاصد الأفعال الكلاميّة التوجيهيّة )
Authors: العرداوي م.م. مصطفى أحمد عبيد
Published: October 2024

يعدُّ الخطاب القرآنيّ أعظم خطابٍ موجّهٍ للناسِ جميعًا من لّدُنِ اللهِ تباركت أسماؤهُ، والسببُ في عَظمةِ هذا الخطابِ يتأتّى من كونه مُعجزةً لرسولنا الكريم (صلى الله عليهِ وآلهِ وسلّم) تحدَّى بهِ العرب جميعًا على أن يأتوا بآيةٍ واحدةٍ من مثلهِ فما اسطاعوا لذلكَ أبدًا، وقد احتوى هذا الخطاب المُعجز على مقاصد خفيّة نستلزمها عبر سياق آياتهِ المباركة، ومن هذه المقاصد مقاصد الأفعال الكلاميّة الإنجازيّة التوجيهيّة الواردة في سياق آيات القوّة في الخطاب القرآنيّ، وقد شرعَ الباحثُ لدراستها دراسةً تداوليّةً على وفقَ نظرية الأفعال الكلاميّة متخذًا النوع الثاني من الأفعال الكلاميّة وهي (التوجيهيّة) سبيلاً لذلك.
بدأ الباحثُ بالتعريفِ بمصطلحاتِ العنوان ومن ثَمَّ الانتقال لدراسةِ نماذج تطبيقيّة من آيات القوّة في الخطاب القرآنيّ على وفق الأفعال الكلاميّة التوجيهيّة وبيان مقاصد هذه التوجيهات سواء أكانت أوامر، أَمْ نواهيَ أَمْ أسئلة، وقد اتخذ الباحث المنهج التحليليّ سبيلاً لذلك عبر الاستعانة بكتب النظريات التداوليّة وكتب التفاسير.
أسباب اختلاف فقهاء الإمامية مع فقهاء الجمهور في استنباط الأحكام الشرعية
Authors: الزيدي أ.م.د جاسم مزعل لفتة
Published: October 2024

إنّ جل الاختلافات الفقهية بين المذاهب الإسلامية للجمهور ترجع أسبابها إلى الاختلاف في القواعد الأصولية أو في تطبيقاتها الصغروية.
أمّا أسباب الاختلاف بين الإمامية ومذاهب الجمهور فيضاف لها بُعداً آخر؛ ألا وهو البعد العقائدي؛ وبنحو أدق اختلافهم في مسألة الإمامة، فإنّ الإمامية عدّوها مسألة اعتقادية وإنّ وظيفة الإمام استمراراً لوظيفة النبي، ومن هنا توسّع مفهوم السُنّة عندهم ليكون قول المعصوم وفعله وتقريره، والمعصوم عندهم هو النبي أو الإمام.
ومن هنا يمكن أن تُعزى أسباب الاختلاف الفقهي بين الإمامية والجمهور إلى ثلاثة أسباب رئيسة، أولها: الاختلاف العقائدي وهو الاختلاف في مسألة الإمامة؛ فإنّه وسّع من مفهوم السُنّة عند الإمامية، وهذا ما كان له تأثيراً كبيراً في جميع الأبواب الفقهية.
 وثانيها: الاختلاف في القواعد الأصولية والمباني العامة للاستنباط، وهذا الاختلاف قد يكون سببه عقائدياً، إذ رفض فقهاء الإمامية عدد من القواعد الأصولية المهمة عند الجمهور تبعاً لرفض أئمتهم(عليهم السلام) لتلك القواعد، كما حصل مع اجتهاد الرأي بآلياته المختلفة من قياس واستحسان ومصالح مرسلة ونحوها، وقد يكون سببه ليس عقائدياً وعلى هذا الأساس تمايزت مذاهب الجمهور.
وثالثها: الاختلاف في مدى انطباق الكبريات(القواعد الأصولية) على صغرياتها؛ بعد اتفاقهم على أصل الكبرى، وهذا السبب يشمل جميع المذاهب الإسلامية، ولا يختص بخلاف الإمامية مع مذاهب الجمهور، فمثلاً فقهاء الإمامية مع اتفاقهم على السُنّة مفهوماً؛ فإنّهم قد يختلفون في دلالتها، وفي كيفية اثباتها، وهكذا فقهاء الجمهور.
الاختلاف الفقهي- أسبابه، ومشروعيته
Authors: الأعرجي أ.م.د. حميدة صبار كاظم
Published: October 2024

سِرّ جمال الكون الذي نعيش فيه، تنوّع موجوداته، واختلاف مظاهره وصوره، ولو لم يكن كذلك، لما كان هنالك مائز بين موجودٍ وموجودٍ آخر، ولا بين قدرة مخلوقٍ ومخلوقٍ آخر، وهكذا هي عقول وقدرات وميول ونزعات وأخلاق البشر.
من هذا المنطلق، يحاول البحث الوقوف على أهم أسباب اختلاف الفقهاء في التعامل مع مصادر الشريعة الإسلامية، واختلافهم في استنباط الأحكام الشرعية منها، ومن ثم التأسيس لرؤية تساهم في الحد من لا مقبولية الاختلاف الفقهي بين المذاهب الإسلامية، ووضع مشروعية له. فكانت الدراسة الموجزة التي انتظمت على أربعة مباحث، عرّف الأول منها بالمقصود من عنوان البحث وما يتعلق به، ووقف الثاني منها على تاريخ نشأة الاختلاف الفقهي وأسبابه، وتعرّض الثالث منها لذكر الأسباب الشائعة لاختلاف الفقهاء، على حين خصص الرابع منها للآداب التي ينبغي للمخالف التحلي بها، ثم جاءت خاتمة البحث وما ترشح عنه من نتائج..
ومن الله تعالى التوفيق.
السّر في اختلاف الشرائع الالهيّة والمكانة الرفيعة للشريعة الإسلاميّة
Authors: جعفري عبد السلام كاظم
Published: October 2024

هذا البحث يسلط الضوء على السّر في اختلاف الشرائع الإلهيّة والذي منها مراعاة الطبيعة الإنسانيّة في مراحل نموّها ودرجات استعدادها، الشيء الذي جعل هذه التشريعات مرنة ومناسبة لقبول الأمم ورضاها وتتلائم مع الزمن الذي صاحب تلك الأمّة، قال تعالى: «لِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مِنْكُمْ شِرْعَةً وَمِنْهَاجاً» (المائدة:48) الشريعة في  اللغة عبارة عن الطريق إلى الماء، وقد استعيرت للطريق إلى الحق وأخذ الأحكام من مصدرها الأصيل، لأنّها تحي الأرواح كما يحيي الماء الأجسام. ومن الحكم في اختلاف الشرائع أيضاً: الابتلاء والاختبار الذي هو أحد الحكم الإلهيّة من الخلق والتشريع، وللّه‏ سبحانه وتعالى أن يختبر عباده بما يشاء وكيف يشاء وأنّى يشاء.
وكذلك يتناول البحث حول المكانة السامية للشريعة الإسلاميّة التي ختم اللّه‏ تعالى بها الشرائع الإلهيّة والرسالات السماويّة، فهو دين كامل محفوظ إلى قيام الساعة، وذلك لما يتمتّع به من خصائص متميّزة، وفيه ما يصلح عباده وأنّه هو الخبير الحكيم، فأغنت رسالته الكاملة عن بعث رسول بعد خاتم الرسل محمّد صلى‏الله‏عليه‏و‏آله، ففيها ما يوجب دوامها واستمرارها، والإسلام جاء مكمّل للأديان السابقة ومتمم للشرائع السابقة، وفق مبدأ وحدة المصدر والاشتراك بالهدف بالرغم من تعدد الشرائع واختلاف المناهج.
التشريع الإسلامي الخاص بالمرأة في منظور الفكر المسيحي
Authors: دعـــاء شـكر عــباس  , الأسدي أ.د. وليد عبد الحميد خلف
Published: October 2024

بلغت المرأة في الإسلام مكانة عالية لم تبلغها ملة ماضية ولم تدركها أمة تالية، ولابد لأي باحث موضوعي متجرد من التبعية لأي اتجاه أن يدرك من خلال المقارنة بين ما كانت عليه المرأة في العصر الجاهلي، والمكانة التي وفَّرها لها الإسلام من خلال القرآن الكريم؛ فمن وأد الإناث، والتشاؤم من الأنثى، إلى السبي، وحرمانهن من المهر والإرث، وعدم محدودية عدد الزوجات؛ في العصر الجاهلي، أما في الإسلام فقد اختلفت مكانتها جذريا، وصارت تعامل بنفس منزلة الرجل في أمور كثيرة، غير أن هناك نقد من قساوسة الفكر المسحي لبعض التشريعت الاسلامية تجاه المرأة، إذ يرون أنّ الإسلام سلب حقوق المرأة في المعاملة الزوجية والطلاق والشهادة والميراث، وسوف يناقش البحث هذه المسائل ويردُّ عليها.
وقد قسم على ثلاثة مباحث :
المبحث الأول : تخطئة الفكر المسيحي لحكم الطلاق في الشريعة الإسلامية
المبحث الثاني : الرؤية المسيحية لحكم التحليل بعد البينونة الكبرى
المبحث الثالث : الرؤية المسيحية لحكم تعدد الزوجات في الشريعة الإسلامية
الأحكام المستجدة في رمي الجمرات- دراسة مقارنة
Authors: الشامي لؤي حسن جابر , سلطاني د. عباس علي , حائري د. محمد حسن
Published: October 2024

تتناول المقالة موضوع يعالج مشكلة الخلاف الواقع بين المذاهب الفقهية في المسائل المستحدثة في رمي الجمرات، حيث أكّد البحث على بيان بعض المقدمات المهمة التي من خلالها يلاحظ أنّ أكثر من وقع في حالة اللبس كان جراء عدم ملاحظته لهذه المقدمات، ثمّ خاض البحث في بيان تفصيلي للمسألة من خلال عرض آراء وأقوال علماء المذاهب الفقهية وأدلتها مع تحليلها فقهياً بطريقة الاستدلال الفقهي، وختم البحث ببيان الرأي الصحيح.
وبذلك يكون بحثنا هذا قد صحح المسار المتبع وأرشد أصحاب الاختصاص إلى سبل الرشاد، ومنه نستمد العون والتوفيق.