bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estop Me Now: The Need for Extrinsic Evidence in Rebutting Prosecution History Estoppel via Tangential Amendments
Authors: Wheeler William F.
Published: January 2025

In 2002, in Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co., the U.S. Supreme Court significantly changed patent law when it rejected the Federal Circuit’s absolute bar approach to prosecution history estoppel. The decision expanded the doctrine of equivalents by creating three exceptions to prosecution history estoppel. Of the three exceptions, however, the Court provided de minimis guidance on the tangential amendment exception, leaving the Federal Circuit to sort out when a narrowing claim amendment is only tangentially related to a claimed equivalent. This ambiguity has resulted in pronounced inconsistency among Federal Circuit panels in deciphering the scope of this exception. Differing judicial approaches in interpreting gaps within the prosecution history record have further compounded this inconsistency. Moreover, the nuanced challenges that patents in complex and evolving fields pose has led to a more lenient application of the exception in these fields compared to patents in other domains. Consequently, the jurisprudence stands in a state of disarray, lacking the essential clarity needed for equitable implementation. This Note argues that to rectify this ambiguity and align with the Festo decision, patentees should be allowed to present extrinsic evidence. Relying solely on intrinsic evidence, which often offers limited and unreliable information, has overly emphasized the notice function of the prosecution record. The Warner-Jenkins presumptions, combined with extrinsic evidence to challenge estoppel through tangentiality, presents a balanced approach, promoting fairness and equity among patentees.
Prevalence of Exercise Dependence Among High-Intensity Functional Training Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Silva Beatriz Elisabeth Oliveira Machado Rocha Pires da , Boniatti Márcio Manozzo
Published: January 2025

The objective was to explore the prevalence of exercise dependence (ED) risk among regular HIFT exercisers. Secondary objectives include exploring the prevalence of injuries within this population and examining the potential association between ED risk and injury prevalence. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a city in southern Brazil and included HIFT practitioners. ED was evaluated using the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R). The primary outcome was the prevalence of ED risk. The final analysis included 64 HIFT practitioners, of whom the majority were female (n = 35; 54.7%). The mean EDS-R score was 67.6 ± 14.7. A weak positive correlation was found between the duration of HIFT practice (r = 0.312) and weekly training frequency (r = 0.442) with EDS-R scores. Categorically, 25.0% (n = 16) of participants were classified as being at risk for ED, 60.9% (n = 39) as symptomatic non-dependent, and 14.1% (n = 9) as asymptomatic non-dependent. The prevalence of injuries among participants was 32.8% (n = 21). The mean EDS-R score was 71.0 ± 14.4 for participants with a history of injury and 65.9 ± 14.7 for those without a history of injury. The effect size, measured by Cohen's d, was 0.35 (95% CI: -0.19 to 0.89), indicating no significant difference between the two groups. A high prevalence of ED was observed among HIFT practitioners. Raising awareness of the risk of developing this pathological behavior may help in detection of symptoms and the implementation of preventive and interventional strategies.
Comparison of Random Blood Sugar Level between Obese and Non-Obese Individual and its Association with Obesity Indicators
Authors: Yadav Sushila , Badhu Angur , Shah Tara , Sigdel Rambha
Published: January 2025

Background: Obesity is a primary cause of non-communicable diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Early detection of elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) is essential for preventing diabetes and reducing undiagnosed casesObjective: This study compares random blood sugar levels between obese and non-obese individuals and assesses the association of random blood sugar with obesity indicators and selected variables.Methods: A cross-sectional study used consecutive sampling. 136 samples were selected, comprising 68 obese and 68 non-obese individuals. Random blood sugar (RBS) and anthropometric measurements were taken using a glucometer (On-call advance), non-stretchable measuring tape (GDMINLO), and weighing machine (LARS-MS810). Chi-square, t-test and spearman correlation tests analyzed associations. ROC curves predicted obesity indicators for hyperglycemia (RBS≥140mg/dl).Results: Mean± S.D of RBS among obese individuals was (120.6±33.7) mg/dl, and among non-obese, it was (118.9±34.5) mg/dl, with no significant difference (P-value 0.272). Family history of chronic illness had a significant positive association with RBS among obese individuals (P-value 0.01). Waist-hip ratio was a better predictor of hyperglycemia (P-value 0.02, AUC- 0.661), followed by waist circumference (P-value 0.01, AUC 0.648).Conclusion: RBS levels do not significantly differ between obese and non-obese individuals. However, RBS is associated with a family history of chronic illness, and the waist-hip ratio is the best predictor of hyperglycemia. Screening camps utilizing cost-effective methods like waist-hip ratio and waist circumference should be conducted for early diabetes detection.
Knowledge regarding School Phobia among Teachers of Selected Government Schools, Bharatpur
Authors: Pokahrel Bimala , Kayastha Sujita
Published: January 2025

Background: School phobia is defined as absenteeism or child refusal to attend school or difficulty in attending classes or remaining in school for an entire day. Various stressors trigger school phobia, including problematic family dynamics, parents marital discord, impending school-based changes, family-based transitions, illness, and traumatic experiences. Thus, the objective of the study is to find out the knowledge regarding school phobia among the teachers of selected government school.
Methods: A descriptive, cross- sectional research design was used. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used for the study. Sample size was 65 of selected 2 government schools. Data were collected through the self-administered – structured, questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that more than half (55.6%) of the respondents had inadequate level of knowledge regarding School Phobia. The present study showed that there is no significant association between level of knowledge and selected variables i.e. age, gender, ethnic group marital status, educational level, exposure with school phobia and training
Conclusions: This study concluded that only two fifth of the teachers tends had adequate knowledge regarding school phobia. Therefore, structured teaching planning, training, awareness programme should be conducted to improve the knowledge regarding school phobia.
Análisis de la calidad ambiental de Laguna Salá y su integración en propuestas curriculares transversales: Enfoques desde la educación y la sostenibilidad en La Guajira
Authors: Suarez Cotez Liza Marie , Maestre Ibarra Kenia , Oyaga Martínez Rafael Fernando
Published: January 2025

El artículo "Análisis de la calidad ambiental de Laguna Salá y su integración en propuestas curriculares transversales" tiene como objetivo analizar la calidad ambiental de este ecosistema clave en La Guajira y su integración en estrategias pedagógicas dentro del currículo educativo. A través de un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, el estudio combina análisis documental y trabajo de campo para evaluar la situación ambiental del humedal y la percepción de las comunidades educativas. Los resultados muestran un distanciamiento entre las comunidades y los cuerpos de agua, evidenciado por la eutrofización de la Laguna Salá debido a actividades humanas como la urbanización, el vertimiento de residuos y la deforestación. El estudio identifica que las estrategias didácticas que promueven una interacción emocional y técnica con el humedal tienen un mayor impacto en la conciencia ambiental. Se concluye que un rediseño curricular que ubique al humedal como centro de interés puede transversalizar el conocimiento ambiental a lo largo de todo el proceso educativo, fomentando una educación más contextualizada y relevante. El artículo destaca la importancia de abordar la educación ambiental de manera integral, incorporando aspectos científicos, técnicos, emocionales y culturales para generar un cambio profundo en la relación de las comunidades con sus ecosistemas. Este enfoque no solo mejora la calidad educativa, sino que también contribuye a la sostenibilidad y conservación de los humedales. Finalmente, se subraya la necesidad de integrar la educación ambiental de manera transversal en el currículo, impulsando la acción comunitaria y la preservación del entorno natural en la región.
Construcción de una cultura ambiental en los grados de educación inicial; una experiencia significativa, en una institución educativa en el departamento de Sucre, Colombia
Authors: Canchila Paternina Nasly del Rosario , Mendoza Acosta Diana María , Oyaga Martínez Rafael Fernando
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo de investigación, desarrollado entre 2023 y 2024, abordó la construcción de una cultura ambiental en la educación inicial en una institución educativa del departamento de Sucre, Colombia. El objetivo principal fue identificar e implementar estrategias didácticas que fomenten la sensibilización y la adopción de prácticas sostenibles en niños y niñas. A través de un enfoque cualitativo fundamentado en el paradigma socio crítico y utilizando el método PRISMA, se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura relevante publicada entre 2014 y 2023. Este análisis permitió seleccionar 18 estudios que abordaron experiencias pedagógicas en gestión ambiental. Los resultados destacaron que la implementación de estrategias didácticas como los huertos escolares, talleres lúdicos, juegos y plataformas virtuales, contribuyen significativamente al desarrollo de valores como la solidaridad, el respeto y la responsabilidad ambiental en los estudiantes. Estas estrategias lograron involucrar a los niños en actividades prácticas como el reciclaje, el cuidado de plantas y la conservación del agua, promoviendo un aprendizaje significativo y una conciencia ecológica duradera. La investigación concluyó que la educación ambiental en la etapa inicial carece de fortalecimiento en los planes curriculares, lo cual representa una oportunidad para integrar estrategias lúdicas y creativas que generen un impacto positivo en la formación de ciudadanos responsables. Asimismo, se evidenció la necesidad de una colaboración efectiva entre docentes y comunidades educativas para implementar programas sostenibles que fomenten la cultura ambiental desde edades tempranas.
Método de Detección de Múltiples Fisuras en Vigas Vibrantes Usando Masas Puntuales
Authors: Carnelutto Maximiliano , Manera Lucas P. , Raffo Javier L.
Published: January 2025

Se utiliza el efecto que causa la presencia de una masa puntual en las vibraciones de vigas para la detección de múltiples fisuras. Se presenta un método para detectar la presencia de varias fisuras en vigas vibrantes. Se utiliza un modelo de viga con masas puntuales y condiciones elásticas generales para desarrollar un método de detección de tres fisuras ubicadas en diferentes posiciones y profundidades. Se obtienen las ecuaciones diferenciales y condiciones de contorno de forma natural aplicando las técnicas del cálculo de variaciones, y se desarrolla el algoritmo de detección utilizando las vibraciones libres utilizando resultados numéricos obtenidos con el método de Ritz.
Refuerzo de Construcción de Mampostería Expuesta a Explosiones Accidentales
Authors: Aráoz Gabriel , Gutiérrez Sergio , Luccioni Bibiana
Published: January 2025

En muchos casos es necesario readecuar construcciones industriales para que sean capaces de resistir acciones accidentales provenientes de explosiones originadas en las mismas plantas. En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación de distintos niveles de análisis a la verificación de una construcción de hormigón armado con muros de mampostería sometida a explosiones accidentales y el diseño del refuerzo con materiales compuestos de matriz polimérica con fibra de carbono. En el trabajo se obtienen numéricamente las solicitaciones correspondientes a un accidente de diseño y se dimensiona el refuerzo de los elementos estructurales y muros de mampostería para soportar dichas solicitaciones con un determinado nivel de daño, pero resguardando la seguridad de las personas en el interior de la construcción. En esta primera etapa de diseño se utiliza un método dinámico simplificado basado en sistemas de un grado de libertad. La verificación del diseño utilizando una simulación dinámica explícita de la estructura, permite evaluar los márgenes de seguridad asociados al método dinámico simplificado. Los resultados muestran que el método simplificado conduce a resultados seguros y que el tipo de refuerzo planteado permite reducir el daño estructural y de los muros de mampostería.
Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection using an ELISA test sensitized with a recombinant protein
Authors: Cortés-Rivas Ahtziri , López-Hurtado Marcela , Guerra-Infante Fernando
Published: January 2025

Chlamydia trachomatis causes one of the most frequent sexually transmitted infections (STIs),
affecting mainly women and compromising their reproductive health. Therefore, its diagnosis is imminent. The
seroprevalence of C. trachomatis was evaluated using an ELISA test and a recombinant major outer membrane
protein (MOMPr) as an antigen. The sera were obtained from pregnant and infertile women attending the
National Institute of Perinatology of Mexico City. As a result, the MOMPr was purified, and the ELISA test
was standardized. Antigen concentration was 20 pg/well, and sera dilution was 1:256. The seroprevalence was
22.5% and 4.6% for infertile and pregnant women, respectively. In conclusion, the recombinant ELISA test
identified an active and a past Chlamydia trachomatis infection using cut-off values of 0.4 and 0.2, respectively
The effect of organizational culture on business performance of financial institutions: case study Opportunity Bank Uganda Limited ﻿
Authors:   ,   Uganda Martyrs University, Namala Kayongo Agnes
Published: January 2025

The study was undertaken to examine the effect of organizational culture on business performance in financial institutions. Organizational culture (i.e. organizational adaptability, employee involvement in decision making and consistency) was the independent variable while business performance (which includes profitability, customer satisfaction and return on equity) was the dependent variable. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the effect of organizational adaptability on business performance, employee involvement in decision making on business performance, and the organization’s consistency on business performance of financial institutions. The study employed the generic theory of organizational culture by Maurice Yolles (2010) which says that it connects the recognized properties and processes of organizational theory, provides for distinctions between internal and external environment of an organization. This was true in the study. The study used a case study design adopting both quantitative and qualitative approaches on a sample of 9 branches in Opportunity Bank Uganda Limited of which data was collected using a questionnaire and interview guide. The study found out that organizational adaptability had a positive and significant correlation with business performance of (r = 0.604, p≤0.01). Employee involvement in decision making had a positive and significant correlation with business performance of (r = 0.699, p≤0.01) while organizational consistency had a positive correlation with business performance of (r = 0.520, p≤0.01). The study concluded that organizational culture has a significant relationship with business performance in financial institutions. This study recommended that organizational culture traits need to be enhanced and emphasized at all times so as to realize continuously increasing business performance in financial institutions
Syrian Art Post-2011: Cause and Aesthetics
Authors: ASALIA Nour
Published: January 2025

This research specializes in Syrian plastic art after 2011 and study duality of (the conflict and the aesthetics), it as a dialectical value duality in the Syrian context. This research examines the phenomenon of engagement, its motives, and its formal and moral manifestations in Syrian artistic production. The research sheds light on various representations of expressing a political or humanitarian message. The second part of the research delves into the aesthetic forms that were revealed during the studied period, which extended over nearly a decade, and briefly approaches the issue of the distinction between professional art and popular art in today’s Syrian art scene. In conclusion, the research shows how the engagement has led many artists to follow a documentary approach that aims to confront destruction and disappearance.
Impact of Distance Learning on Early Childhood Development: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Syafii Ahmad , Purnama Sigit , Prasetyo Gatot
Published: January 2025

Purpose – This study evaluates the impact of distance learning on early childhood development through a meta-analysis, focusing on the effect size of various practices, identifying potential publication biases, and conducting subgroup analyses based on electronic devices, intervention duration, and specific skills taught.
Methods/Design/Approach – A meta-analysis was conducted on 87 studies published between 2010 and 2021, selected from databases including Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 software was employed for effect size calculations, variance analyses, and subgroup analyses, alongside publication bias tests using Funnel Scatter Plot, Clip and Fill, Rosenthal, and Orwin’s Fail-Safe N methods.
Findings – The overall effect size of distance learning on early childhood development was small (0.186) with significant heterogeneity (I² = 87.358%). Subgroup analysis revealed that mobile-based learning had a larger effect size (0.888) compared to desktop-based learning (0.028). The duration of intervention did not significantly affect outcomes, although longer interventions showed slightly better results. Cognitive and language skills benefited most from distance learning, while other skills like self-efficacy and music showed minimal or negative effects.
Originality/Value – This study offers a comprehensive analysis of distance learning's effectiveness in early childhood education, addressing gaps in the literature regarding the impact of device types and intervention durations. The findings contribute valuable insights for the development of more effective distance learning platforms for young children.
Practical Implications – The findings suggest that mobile-based distance learning is more effective for early childhood education than desktop-based approaches. Educators and policymakers should prioritize mobile-friendly platforms and focus on cognitive and language development for early learners. Further improvements in distance learning strategies are needed, particularly for non-cognitive skills, to enhance early childhood learning outcomes.
Keywords Distance learning, early childhood development, meta-analysis, mobile learning, cognitive skills.
Paper type Research paper
Evaluating the Impact of Learning Management System Usage on Student Satisfaction and Learning Outcomes at Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karim Amrullah Abdul Malik , Bayramov Shahin , Aziz Abdul , Haris Abd.
Published: January 2025

Purpose – This study explores the impact of Learning Management System (LMS) usage on the online learning experience at Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to evaluate student satisfaction and identify challenges faced during this transition, contributing to the broader discussion on optimizing LMS for enhancing student outcomes and satisfaction in higher education, particularly in times of crisis.
Methods/Design/Approach – A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected from 400 respondents through online surveys using Likert-scale questions. The sample included students and faculty members involved in online learning. The study used statistical analysis to assess satisfaction levels and identify key challenges in LMS adoption, particularly focusing on the use of the MOODLE platform.
Findings – The use of MOODLE LMS increased from 18.5% in the first semester of the pandemic to 51% in the second semester, reflecting greater platform acceptance. Students reported moderate satisfaction with an overall score of 3.8 out of 5. Challenges included limited internet access (63.5%), insufficient internet quota subsidies (63.3%), and low satisfaction with academic services (2.73) and online learning policy promotion (2.76).
Originality/Value – This study provides insights into LMS adoption in a specific educational and cultural context, highlighting both the potential and the challenges of digital learning platforms during a global crisis. It offers practical recommendations for improving LMS design and implementation in higher education.
Practical Implications – The findings suggest universities should enhance digital infrastructure and offer financial support to overcome technical barriers such as limited internet access. Improving academic services and promoting clearer online learning policies will further increase LMS effectiveness and student satisfaction.
Keywords LMS, MOODLE, student satisfaction, online learning, COVID-19 pandemic.
Paper type Research paper
Transforming Traditional Learning Methods in Pesantren: Integrating Technology in Response to Society 5.0 at Pondok Pesantren Khozinatul Ulum Blora
Authors: Intania Naila , Nurcholis Nanang
Published: January 2025

Purpose –  This study explores the transformation of traditional learning methods at Pondok Pesantren Khozinatul Ulum Blora in response to the demands of Society 5.0. It investigates how the pesantren integrates modern technology into its educational practices without compromising its traditional identity, aiming to address gaps in existing research regarding the adaptation of pesantren education to contemporary technological advancements.
Methods/Design/Approach – The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing a case study method to provide an in-depth analysis of the changes occurring in the pesantren. Data were collected through field observations, structured and unstructured interviews with key stakeholders (e.g., foundation leaders, senior teachers, and pesantren administrators), and relevant documentation. The study applied snowball sampling to select participants and used a systematic process for data reduction, presentation, and analysis.
Findings – The study found significant transformations in traditional learning methods such as Bandongan and Sorogan through the adoption of digital tools, the introduction of practical skills training relevant to modern times, and the use of social media to reinforce traditional values. These changes have enhanced the accessibility, interactivity, and effectiveness of learning while maintaining the pesantren’s cultural identity.
Originality/Value – This research contributes to the understanding of how traditional educational institutions can successfully integrate modern technology, preserving cultural values while meeting the challenges of Society 5.0. It offers a model for other pesantrens and similar institutions seeking to modernize their educational practices.
Practical Implications – The findings provide practical insights for pesantrens and traditional educational institutions on effectively incorporating technology into their curricula without losing their cultural essence. The study highlights the importance of leadership, infrastructure support, and ongoing educator training in ensuring successful technology adoption.
Keywords Society 5.0, pesantren education, traditional learning methods, technology integration, cultural preservation
Paper type Research paper
Implementing Multicultural Education in Early Childhood: A Case Study of Abdullah School, Aligarh, India
Authors: Muqowim  , Munastiwi Erni
Published: January 2025

Purpose –  This study examines the implementation of multicultural education in early childhood settings in India, with a particular focus on Abdullah School in Aligarh, which serves a culturally and religiously diverse student body. It aims to address gaps in existing research by exploring how multicultural values are conceptualized and implemented, and their impact on students during early childhood, a critical developmental phase.
Methods/Design/Approach – This qualitative case study utilized classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with school staff, and document analysis. The sample included the school’s principal, teachers, and students. Thematic analysis was employed to examine multicultural education practices, categorizing data into school policies and classroom activities that promote multicultural values.
Findings – The study found that Abdullah School's approach to multicultural education is deeply rooted in principles of inclusivity, respect for diversity, and gender equality. The school integrates these values through tailored curricula for students of different religious backgrounds and promotes cooperation and tolerance through extracurricular activities. While effective, challenges related to infrastructure and societal biases were noted.
Originality/Value – This study provides a rare analysis of multicultural education in early childhood settings in India, offering insights into the effectiveness of implementing multicultural values at a formative age. It highlights the unique socio-cultural context of India and offers practical models for fostering inclusivity and social harmony in diverse societies.
Practical Implications – The findings suggest that schools with diverse populations can adopt dual-track curricula and extracurricular activities that emphasize respect for diversity. Policymakers should focus on providing infrastructure support and resources to sustain effective multicultural education.
Keywords Multicultural education, early childhood, inclusivity, India, diversity
Paper type Research paper
A INSTRUMENTALIZAÇÃO DAS PLATAFORMAS DIGITAIS PARA VEICULAÇÃO DE DISCURSOS DE ÓDIO NO CONTEXTO POLÍTICO-ELEITORAL
Authors: BORGES MARÍLIA MORAIS , FERREIRA RAPHAEL RODRIGUES
Published: January 2025

Este artigo busca analisar as consequências da instrumentalização das plataformas de comunicação virtual para veicular discursos de ódio contra adversários durante campanhas eleitorais, em relação ao exercício dos direitos políticos. Se a democracia implica liberdade de expressão, inclusive para discordâncias e embates ideológicos, os discursos de ódio no âmbito político, direcionados a grupos mais vulneráveis à desigualdade e à discriminação, impossibilitam a liberdade de posicionamento e defesa de ideais e atacam, em última instância, a própria democracia. Os grupos hegemônicos, ao utilizarem o discurso de ódio como método para dificultar o acesso ao poder estatal e à esfera pública por grupos minoritários, estão ferindo o exercício do direito político desses grupos.
Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Islam: Analisis Tantangan dan Potensi
Authors: Maryam Siti , Yasin Muhammad
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the use of information technology in Islamic Education learning at SMAN 1 Sangatta Utara and SDN 011 Sangatta Utara. The background of this study is the importance of information technology as a main pillar in the transformation of the education system, especially Islamic Education, amidst the challenges of the digital divide and uneven infrastructure. The formulation of the problem includes the level of understanding and skills of teachers in utilizing information technology, the tools and platforms used, and the challenges faced in the process of integrating the technology. The results of the study show that the majority of teachers have utilized digital platforms such as PowerPoint and Canva to support learning. At SMAN 1 Sangatta Utara, the use of information technology helps teachers in delivering material interactively, while at SDN 011 Sangatta Utara, the use of technology faces obstacles such as slow internet connections and limited teacher training. The main obstacles are the lack of adequate training and infrastructure, especially in elementary schools. These findings emphasize the need for ongoing technology training to improve teacher competence and provide more evenly distributed infrastructure. In addition, the potential of information technology as a learning aid for Islamic Education is very large if these challenges can be overcome.
Prinsip-Prinsip Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Islam
Authors: Satriah Satriah
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to describe the principles of language politeness in Islam. This research uses literature study (library research), to obtain theoretical data regarding language politeness in Islam. The data sources used in this research are secondary, mostly using books and reputable scientific journals. The results of this research show that, in the Qur'an, the command to maintain language is symbolized by the words qaulan (spoken or spoken). Maintaining oral or spoken language is generally seen as the basis for politeness in language because the tongue is the main tool for interacting between fellow humans in various interests and situations. Guarding your tongue is the main basis for polite communication. Every human being has the responsibility to guard his tongue by speaking good words and for good purposes, the principle of politeness in Islam is shown by several terms in the Koran such as Qaulan sadidȃ: 'Qaulan Layyina, Qaulan ma'rufa.
Penerapan Model Inkuiri Sosial dalam Meningkatkan Sikap Ekoliterasi pada Pembelajaran IPS
Authors: Megawati Megawati
Published: January 2025

The focus used as the best practice is the social inquiry model to improve eco-literacy attitudes in the environment surrounding social studies learning material with environmental sub-themes for fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 03 Sorek One for the 2023/2024 academic year. The goal to be achieved is through a social inquiry model to improve students' eco-literacy skills and to increase the quality of awareness from an early age to reduce waste so that when they grow up they can change their mindset that waste must be minimized and no longer use the collect-transport-dispose paradigm. and burn. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with an experimental type. The result is that students' eco-literacy attitudes have increased to a very good predicate. This indicates that the eco-literacy program implemented in schools has had a positive impact on students' understanding and awareness of the environment. With this improvement, it is hoped that students will be more concerned and responsible for the surrounding environment and be able to play an active role in preserving nature. It is also hoped that awareness of the importance of the environment will have a positive impact on the sustainability of ecosystems and life on Earth. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide valuable insight for educators in designing more effective learning strategies to prepare a generation that cares about the environment.
Analisis Keterlibatan Orang Tua dalam Mendukung Pembelajaran Fiqih Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Tauhid Moh.
Published: January 2025

Elementary school age is the first foundation in the formal education process for children, where teaching fiqh is one of the main pillars in forming their religious understanding. However, the fiqh learning process does not only occur in the school environment but is also influenced by factors outside the school, especially the role of parents. This research aims to analyze the fiqh learning materials for elementary school-aged children, the contribution of parents in supporting elementary school-aged children's fiqh learning, as well as the problem of involving parents in elementary school-aged children's fiqh learning. The method used in this research is the library research method. The results of the research show that fiqh learning material for elementary school-age children includes ablution material, prayer material, fasting material, and Islamic morals and ethics material. Parents' contributions include providing an example, teaching Islamic values, involving children in religious practices, encouraging discussions and questions, and providing emotional support. Meanwhile, the problems involving parents in learning fiqh for elementary school-age children include limited religious knowledge, busyness and time, lack of resources, disinterest or other priorities, and ignorance of the importance of the role of parents. It is hoped that this research can provide a better understanding of the role of parents in forming children's understanding of religion at an early age, as well as provide input for schools and parents in increasing effective collaboration to support children's Islamic jurisprudence learning in elementary schools.
Analisis Kesiapan Guru PAI dalam Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Merdeka Di SMP Negeri 1 Sangatta Utara
Authors: Auliyah Diva Dhiyaul , Miramadhani Avicni , Pandiangan Anjani Putri Belawati
Published: January 2025

In the context of curriculum change, it is important for all stakeholders to understand and implement the established guidelines. This ensures that the objectives of the curriculum change can be achieved effectively and efficiently. One of the strategic steps taken is the preparation of clear and structured implementation guidelines. The purpose of the research in this journal is to analyze the readiness of pai teachers in implementing the independent curriculum in smp negeri 1 sangatta Utara. The research method used in this research is qualitative research method. the readiness of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Sangatta Utara in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum shows positive developments. Although there are still some obstacles that need to be overcome, comprehensive measures have been taken to ensure the smoothness and effectiveness of learning. With continuous support and adaptation to the latest developments, it is hoped that the Merdeka Curriculum can provide maximum benefits for improving the quality of education in the school.
Penggunaan Metode Demonstrasi Dalam Peningkatan Pemahaman Siswa Pada Pembelajaran PAI Materi Tata Cara Perawatan Jenazah
Authors: Safi'i Muhammad , Satriah Satriah , Tauhid Moh.
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to find out how to use methods to increase students' understanding in Islamic Religious Education learning regarding procedures for caring for corpses at State High School 1 North Sangatta. The type of research used is descriptive research. The approach in this research is a qualitative research approach. Data collection techniques in this research are observation, interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used in this research is the Miles and Huberman analysis technique, namely data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/data verification. Based on the results of this research, it shows that the use of efficiency methods in material on procedures for caring for corpses at State High School 1 North Sangatta is very effective because students can understand and put into practice what has been conveyed directly by the teacher and the use of efficiency methods makes learning more active. The inhibiting factor that influences the use of the roasting method is that the time specified is not enough to demonstrate the procedures for caring for the corpse as a whole. The solution given is that the teacher can summarize several procedures for caring for corpses.
Peran Masyarakat dalam Membentuk Akhlak Mahmudah dan Karakter Sosial Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Anjani Naela , Hamidah Lailatul , Qolbi A. Nasywa Fairuzah , Firdausy Nazwa Khilmi , Musthofa M. Bahri
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the role of the community in forming easy morals and the social character of children who attend elementary school  Jemurwonosari 1. This study looks at how community leaders and community efforts are involved in forming easy morals and supporting and inhibiting factors. This descriptive qualitative research uses data collection techniques through interviews and field observations. The problem studied is the role of society in shaping the easy morals and social character of elementary school children from the supporting and inhibiting factors of community activities in forming the easy morals and social character of children in the Jemurwonosari sub-district. This research shows how the local community participates in monitoring children’s behaviour and social character. The form of supervision is in the form of instaling CCTV in several hauses in the surrounding complex, holding regular, studies every weekend which aims to increase knowledge about religion by bringing in ulama figures from outside and collaborating with the school, especially the homeroom teacher so that they can monitor children’s activites while at school. the focus of this research emphasises that society as participants supports the formation of children’s Morals and social character.
Kajian Teologis Gelar Yesus “Anak Daud”
Authors: Riko Arnawijaya Ray , Lola
Published: January 2025

Jesus is a unique person, who was born into this world, the only person who feels how to live as a true God and at the same time as a true human. Jesus is beautiful, this cannot be denied for everyone who knows Jesus both rationally and inwardly spontaneously admits that Jesus is beautiful. Dr. Cris Marantika revealed in his Christology book, when he surrendered himself to Jesus, he experienced extraordinary life changes, Jesus became everything, sweet experiences occurred in his life and he also said: "no day without Jesus".
The Postdigital as Theme in Narrative Fiction across Media
Authors: Bell Alice
Published: January 2025

This article argues that a sceptical attitude towards the role of digital technology in contemporary life is becoming increasingly prevalent in twenty-first-century fiction and offers a new way of theorising this thematic trend via refining the concept of the ‘postdigital’. Proving a critical overview of the way that the ‘postdigital’ has been interpreted in aesthetics, critical theory, and literary criticism, I show how the scepticism towards digital media that is a tenet of postdigital visual arts can now also be seen in some narrative fiction of the twenty-first century written in English. I thus show how what I define as postdigital fiction interrogates the way in which the digital and nondigital have become hybridised in digitised societies and questions the universal benefits digital media bring. Taking examples from print and digital fiction, I show how a postdigital perspective can manifest both thematically and aesthetically in fiction and argue that there is an increasing prevalence of postdigital ethics in narrative fiction across media.
Phosphoglycerate mutase regulates Treg differentiation through control of serine synthesis and one-carbon metabolism
Authors: Godfrey Wesley H , Cho Kaho , Deng Xiaojing , Ambati Chandra Shekar R , Putluri Vasanta , Mostafa Kamal Abu Hena , Putluri Nagireddy , Kornberg Michael D
Published: January 2025

The differentiation and suppressive functions of regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) are supported by a broad array of metabolic changes, providing potential therapeutic targets for immune modulation. In this study, we focused on the regulatory role of glycolytic enzymes in Tregs and identified phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) as being differentially overexpressed in Tregs and associated with a highly suppressive phenotype. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of PGAM reduced Treg differentiation and suppressive function while reciprocally inducing markers of a pro-inflammatory, T helper 17 (Th17)-like state. The regulatory role of PGAM was dependent on the contribution of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG), the PGAM substrate, to de novo serine synthesis. Blocking de novo serine synthesis from 3PG reversed the effect of PGAM inhibition on Treg polarization, while exogenous serine directly inhibited Treg polarization. Additionally, altering serine levels
in vivo
with a serine/glycine-free diet increased peripheral Tregs and attenuated autoimmunity in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. Mechanistically, we found that serine limits Treg polarization by contributing to one-carbon metabolism and methylation of Treg-associated genes. Inhibiting one-carbon metabolism increased Treg polarization and suppressive function both
in vitro
and
in vivo
in a murine model of autoimmune colitis. Our study identifies a novel physiologic role for PGAM and highlights the metabolic interconnectivity between glycolysis, serine synthesis, one-carbon metabolism, and epigenetic regulation of Treg differentiation and suppressive function.
A hierarchical pathway for assembly of the distal appendages that organize primary cilia
Authors: Kanie Tomoharu , Liu Beibei , Love Julia F , Fisher Saxton D , Gustavsson Anna-Karin , Jackson Peter K
Published: January 2025

Distal appendages are nine-fold symmetric blade-like structures attached to the distal end of the mother centriole. These structures are critical for formation of the primary cilium, by regulating at least four critical steps: ciliary vesicle recruitment, recruitment and initiation of intraflagellar transport (IFT), and removal of CP110. While specific proteins that localize to the distal appendages have been identified, how exactly each protein functions to achieve the multiple roles of the distal appendages is poorly understood. Here we comprehensively analyze known and newly discovered distal appendage proteins (CEP83, SCLT1, CEP164, TTBK2, FBF1, CEP89, KIZ, ANKRD26, PIDD1, LRRC45, NCS1, CEP15) for their precise localization, order of recruitment, and their roles in each step of cilia formation. Using CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts, we show that the order of the recruitment of the distal appendage proteins is highly interconnected and a more complex hierarchy. Our analysis highlights two protein modules, CEP83-SCLT1 and CEP164-TTBK2, as critical for structural assembly of distal appendages. Functional assays revealed that CEP89 selectively functions in RAB34+ ciliary vesicle recruitment, while deletion of the integral components, CEP83-SCLT1-CEP164-TTBK2, severely compromised all four steps of cilium formation. Collectively, our analyses provide a more comprehensive view of the organization and the function of the distal appendage, paving the way for molecular understanding of ciliary assembly.
Efficient coding in biophysically realistic excitatory-inhibitory spiking networks
Authors: Koren Veronika , Malerba Simone Blanco , Schwalger Tilo , Panzeri Stefano
Published: January 2025

The principle of efficient coding posits that sensory cortical networks are designed to encode maximal sensory information with minimal metabolic cost. Despite the major influence of efficient coding in neuroscience, it has remained unclear whether fundamental empirical properties of neural network activity can be explained solely based on this normative principle. Here, we derive the structural, coding, and biophysical properties of excitatory-inhibitory recurrent networks of spiking neurons that emerge directly from imposing that the network minimizes an instantaneous loss function and a time-averaged performance measure enacting efficient coding. We assumed that the network encodes a number of independent stimulus features varying with a time scale equal to the membrane time constant of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The optimal network has biologically-plausible biophysical features, including realistic integrate-and-fire spiking dynamics, spike-triggered adaptation, and a non-specific excitatory external input. The excitatory-inhibitory recurrent connectivity between neurons with similar stimulus tuning implements feature-specific competition, similar to that recently found in visual cortex. Networks with unstructured connectivity cannot reach comparable levels of coding efficiency. The optimal ratio of excitatory vs inhibitory neurons and the ratio of mean inhibitory-to-inhibitory vs excitatory-to-inhibitory connectivity are comparable to those of cortical sensory networks. The efficient network solution exhibits an instantaneous balance between excitation and inhibition. The network can perform efficient coding even when external stimuli vary over multiple time scales. Together, these results suggest that key properties of biological neural networks may be accounted for by efficient coding.
“Geo-Helicoides”. Parque para la restauración y preservación de la vegetación nativa. Cuenca San Agustín, Ciudad de Valparaíso, Chile
Authors: Santisteban Alarcón Flavio
Published: January 2025

El cambio climático y la intervención antrópica han generado que en todo el año se prolongue la escasez hídrica en el ecosistema de las quebradas de Valparaíso en Chile, lo que ha llevado a la degradación de sus suelos, que su vegetación nativa enferme y tenga una baja significativa en su cobertura, lo que a su vez crea las condiciones óptimas para la propagación de incendios.
El proyecto busca captar la humedad relativa alta (mayor a 65%) a través de la canalización de los vientos predominantes (suroeste), que mantienen una temperatura ambiente media de 13,9 grados Celsius, mediante un dispositivo de 30 metros de altura (Geo-Helicoide) que canalizará la corriente de aire verticalmente hacia una cámara enfriada por las temperaturas anuales y constantes del subsuelo (6 a 7 grados Celsius), donde condensará el vapor de agua por la diferencia de temperaturas que existe entre el ambiente y el subsuelo. Finalmente, el agua se recolectará para luego infiltrarla hacia la capa de granito meteorizado del subsuelo con el objetivo de mantener hidratados puntos críticos de la quebrada y, también, para utilizarla junto a un sistema de riego en áreas de influencia para la restauración que requiera hidratación inmediata. A esta última estrategia se le vincula el proyecto de arquitectura principal, el cual es un vivero debido a su rol en la restauración ecológica y en la educación a las comunidades.
La idea proyectual propone identificar las zonas más degradadas para ubicar el dispositivo hídrico multifuncional que aprovecha, principalmente, el fenómeno de condensación geotérmica en verano y el de vaguada costera mediante un sistema de atrapanieblas en invierno para recolectar agua durante todo el año, con el fin de recuperar y mantener la estabilidad de la vegetación nativa a partir de distintas áreas de restauración tanto por riego como por infiltración. El objetivo es aumentar la humedad del subsuelo en las quebradas de Valparaíso disminuyendo la escasez hídrica y, en consecuencia, la probabilidad de incendios durante todo el año.