bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing wind, wave, and Stokes drift interactions in the upper ocean during Typhoon Doksuri using the COAWST model
Authors: Han Yaoyao , Zuo Changsheng , Wang Zhizu , Wang Yucui , Tao Chengchen , Zhang Xu , Zuo Juncheng
Published: February 2025

The COAWST model is used in this study to simulate wind fields, wave fields, and Stokes drift during Typhoon Doksuri, aiming to reveal the dynamics of atmosphere-ocean-wave interactions under typhoon conditions. The COAWST model provides a more accurate simulation of typhoon wind speeds compared to ERA5 reanalysis data and the WRF model, and it offers a more precise representation of significant wave heights (Hs) than ERA5 reanalysis data and the SWAN model. The root mean square error (RMSE) of wind speed shows a reduction of 90.97% and 61.09% compared to ERA5 and WRF, respectively, resulting in an RMSE of 1.71 m/s. While the Hs correlation coefficient is 0.86. Comparative analysis indicates that COAWST has higher accuracy than WRF and ERA5, particularly in capturing the asymmetrical phenomena of wind and wave field. The high-value regions of the wind and wave fields are concentrated in the first quadrant around the typhoon center. The COAWST model output, combined with empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and the Ekman-Stokes number, is used to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of wind and wave effects to ocean surface flow. The peak Stokes drift velocity reaches 0.73 m/s, with a maximum transport intensity of 13 m²/s and a transport depth of 20 meters. EOF analysis indicates that the first two modes explain over 88% of the Stokes transport. The first mode represents the spatial distribution of Stokes drift during the typhoon, while the second mode captures the temporal evolution of drift velocity. This study provides insight into atmosphere-ocean interactions during extreme weather conditions by using the COAWST model to analyze Stokes drift and its influence on ocean surface dynamics.
Spatiotemporal occurrence, distribution, and risk of steroid hormones along the coast of Guangdong, China
Authors: Zhao Xing , Jiang Yunlin , Deng Hanqiang , Lu Yao , Li Suimin , Jiang Yuxia , Sun Kaifeng
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Steroid hormones are widely present in the environment and pose potential risks to organisms. Previous studies of steroid hormones have predominantly focused on terrestrial environments, with few studies conducted in marine environments.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed the occurrence of 44 steroid hormones in seawater, sediment, and marine organisms collected from the coast of Guangdong, China.

Results

Total concentration of steroid hormones ranged from 0.11 to 30.15 ng/L in seawater, ND to 8.58 ng/g (dw) in sediments, and ND to 80.52 ng/g (ww) in organisms. The highest average concentrations of steroid hormones detected in seawater, sediments, and marine organisms were progestins, estrogens, and glucocorticoids, respectively. Steroid hormone concentrations in seawater were significantly higher during the dry season than the rainy season. The concentrations of steroid hormones in Guanghai Bay, the Pearl River Estuary, Daya Bay, and Zhelin Bay were significantly higher than those in other bays.

Discussion

Negative correlations were observed between steroid hormones and salinity, indicating a potential continental input. Risk assessment results indicated that 17α-ethinylestradiol in Zhelin Bay posed high risks. Nevertheless, the consumption of seafood does not pose a significant health risk to humans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to concurrently analyze androgens, glucocorticoids, progestins, and estrogens in water, sediment, and organisms from diverse marine environments.
Lipid peroxidation and sarcopenia: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches
Authors: Lu Yifan , Li Tiao , Shu Yang , Lu Chengyin , Luo Zhiqiang , Wang Jingrui , Xiong Hui , Li Wangyang
Published: February 2025

Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. With the global aging population, its incidence is rapidly increasing. Lipid peroxidation is a critical biochemical process that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the destruction of muscle cell structure and function. It plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of sarcopenia. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which lipid peroxidation contributes to sarcopenia, with a focus on its regulatory effects on cell membrane damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. In addition, we discuss the protective role of antioxidant factors such as GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) and antioxidant peptides like SS peptides in mitigating lipid peroxidation and delaying the progression of sarcopenia. Finally, the potential of various strategies, including natural compounds, supplements, natural extracts, and lifestyle interventions, in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and promoting muscle health is explored.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy for the assessment and treatment of patients with disorders of consciousness
Authors: Wang Nan , He Yifang , Zhu Sipeng , Liu Dongsheng , Chai Xiaoke , He Qiheng , Cao Tianqing , He Jianghong , Li Jingqi , Si Juanning , Yang Yi , Zhao Jizong
Published: February 2025

Background

Advances in neuroimaging have significantly enhanced our understanding of brain function, providing critical insights into the diagnosis and management of disorders of consciousness (DoC). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), with its real-time, portable, and noninvasive imaging capabilities, has emerged as a promising tool for evaluating functional brain activity and nonrecovery potential in DoC patients. This review explores the current applications of fNIRS in DoC research, identifies its limitations, and proposes future directions to optimize its clinical utility.

Aim

This review examines the clinical application of fNIRS in monitoring DoC. Specifically, it investigates the potential value of combining fNIRS with brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and closed-loop neuromodulation systems for patients with DoC, aiming to elucidate mechanisms that promote neurological recovery.

Methods

A systematic analysis was conducted on 155 studies published between January 1993 and October 2024, retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database.

Results

Analysis of 21 eligible studies on neurological diseases involving 262 DoC patients revealed significant findings. The prefrontal cortex was the most frequently targeted brain region. fNIRS has proven crucial in assessing brain functional connectivity and activation, facilitating the diagnosis of DoC. Furthermore, fNIRS plays a pivotal role in diagnosis and treatment through its application in neuromodulation techniques such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and spinal cord stimulation (SCS).

Conclusion

As a noninvasive, portable, and real-time neuroimaging tool, fNIRS holds significant promise for advancing the assessment and treatment of DoC. Despite limitations such as low spatial resolution and the need for standardized protocols, fNIRS has demonstrated its utility in evaluating residual brain activity, detecting covert consciousness, and monitoring therapeutic interventions. In addition to assessing consciousness levels, fNIRS offers unique advantages in tracking hemodynamic changes associated with neuroregulatory treatments, including DBS and SCS. By providing real-time feedback on cortical activation, fNIRS facilitates optimizing therapeutic strategies and supports individualized treatment planning. Continued research addressing its technical and methodological challenges will further establish fNIRS as an indispensable tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of DoC patients.
Analysis of influencing factors of washed microbiota transplantation in treating patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Lin De-Jiang , Hu Dong-Xia , Wu Qing-Ting , Huang Lin-Gui , Lin Zi-Han , Xu Jia-Ting , He Xing-Xiang , Wu Lei
Published: February 2025

Background and aims

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities closely associated with hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, etc. Our previous research indicated that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could improve MS, but the factors influencing the efficacy of washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) in treating MS patients remain unclear. The objective of this study is to analyze the influencing factors of WMT in treating MS patients.

Methods

The clinical data and influencing factors related to MS patients were collected retrospectively. Not only the changes in body mass index [BMI = weight (kg)/height (m)2], blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure were analyzed, but also the influencing factors of WMT in treating MS patients were carried out based on Logistic Regression. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on fecal samples before and after WMT treatment.

Results

A total of 210 patients were included, including 68 patients in the WMT group and 142 patients in the drug treatment (DT) group. WMT had a significant improvement and ASCVD downregulation effect on MS patients, and 42.65% of MS patients removed the label of MS after WMT treatment. Independent influencing factors for treating MS patients through WMT include age < 60 years old, high smoking index, infection, single donor selection, single-course WMT treatment, and having hypertension, diabetes, or obesity. WMT treated MS patients by maintaining the balance of gut microbiota.

Conclusions

WMT has a significant effect in improving MS and downregulating ASCVD risk stratification. The therapeutic effect of WMT on MS patients is closely related to their age, smoking index, infection, chronic disease status, donor type, and WMT courses. Therefore, we can improve the efficacy of WMT by reducing independent influencing factors that affect gut microbiota homeostasis.
Vitamin D on the susceptibility of gestational diabetes mellitus: a mini-review
Authors: Zhang Ting , Yang Lan , Yang Shuman , Gao Song
Published: February 2025

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which refers to diabetes mellitus or abnormal glucose tolerance of any degree occurring during pregnancy, is a distinct type within the diabetes classification. 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of maternal glycaemia, insulin resistance and gestational diabetes. There is no consensus on the definition of vitamin D deficiency, but most scientists define vitamin D deficiency as less than 20 ng/mL (50 nmoL/L) of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is common in women during pregnancy. Vitamin D can regulate the course of gestational diabetes, which may be related to regulation of insulin gene transcription, insulin secretion, intracellular and cytosolic calcium balance, inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and alteration of glucose metabolism. This is a review article that aims to analyze the possible mechanism of vitamin D regulation of GDM, which provides a theoretical basis for clinical researchers in the future management of patients with GDM.
Dietary quality and adherence to dietary recommendations in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ouyang Wenwei , Xiao Bingjie , Chen Huifen , Fu Lizhe , Tang Fang , Marrone Gaetano , Liu Xusheng , Wu Yifan , Carrero Juan Jesús
Published: February 2025

Objectives

There is a lack of data regarding the quality of the diet and the adherence to dietary guidelines of patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) in China.

Design and methods

Single-center cross-sectional study of 261 patients with CKD stages 3–5, who responded to 3-day dietary records and undertook 24-h urine samples along with clinical, laboratory, and anthropometric assessments. We compared their food intake with Chinese recommendations for CKD patients, assessed dietary quality through the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI), and calculated the contribution to energy intake by processed foods according to the NOVA classification.

Results

Average energy intake was 30 ± 9 Kcal/kg/d, and 65% consumed less energy than recommended. The average protein intake was 1.2 ± 0.5 g/Kg/d, and 81% consumed more than recommended. 71% of patients consumed excess sodium and 80% consumed too little fiber. These proportions worsened across more severe CKD stages (all P trend value <0.05). The diet was considered of moderate quality (CHEI score 59.5 ± 11.0), and patients with CKD stages 4–5 scored progressively worse (P trend = 0.008). Total grains and tubers supplied 50 and 30% of the total energy and protein intake, respectively. Processed and ultra-processed foods contributed to 23.3% of dietary energy and 11.7% of food weight.

Conclusion

A large proportion of NDD-CKD at our center showed low adherence to diet recommendations. Although consumption of processed foods was low, diet quality worsened with more severe CKD, with low intake of whole grains, dairy, and soybean.
Prognostic evaluation of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with P-CRP and its nomogram
Authors: Wu Junyun , Deng Zhixuan , Lei Xu , Xu Zhiyao , Tan Chenxi , Tang Yunqiao , Sheng Xi , Yang Ning
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To investigate the impact of the product of preoperative platelet count and C-reactive protein (P-CRP) on the postoperative prognosis of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and to construct a Nomogram to predict the recurrence-free survival (RFS) of NMIBC patients based on pathological data.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 164 NMIBC patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) at the Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China from January 2013 to December 2019. The endpoint of the study was the RFS. Kaplan-Meier (KM) method and Cox regression were used for analysis to identify independent factors affecting RFS. Then, the Nomogram was used to visualize the results of the multivariate analysis that were statistically significant and related to the RFS of NMIBC patients. Finally, the predictive ability of the model was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves.

Results

Before the end of the follow-up, the RFS was 88.3% at 1 year, 75.5% at 2 years, and 58.5% at 3 years. KM curves showed that P-CRP (HR=0.357, 95% CI: 0.204-0.625, P<0.001), number of tumors (HR=2.658, 95% CI: 1.572-4.494, P<0.001), tumor size (HR=2.271, 95% CI: 1.377-3.745, P=0.001), T stage of the tumor (HR=2.026, 95% CI: 1.233-3.329, P=0.005), and tumor G grade (G2: HR=1.615, 95% CI: 0.48-5.433, G3: HR=3.361, 95% CI: 1.022-11.054) were independent factors affecting the RFS of NMIBC patients after TURBT. The Nomogram could estimate the risk of tumor recurrence at 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively. The Nomogram model incorporating P-CRP parameters had a higher predictive accuracy than the classic model that only included EORTC risk group parameters.

Conclusion

Preoperative P-CRP has a certain impact on the RFS of NMIBC patients after TURBT. The Nomogram incorporating P-CRP, number of tumors, tumor size, T stage, and tumor pathological grading can better predict the postoperative recurrence risk of NMIBC patients.
Hypothyroidism impairs the circadian rhythmicity of clock genes and proteins involved in gut nutrient absorption in female mice
Authors: Secio-Silva Ayla , Evangelista-Silva Paulo Henrique , Emrich Felipe , Selvatici-Tolentino Letícia , Ferreira Maíza , Silva Ana Bárbara de Paula , Gomes Bruno Henrique , Figueira-Costa Tatienne Neder , Oliveira André Gustavo , Peliciari-Garcia Rodrigo Antonio , Goulart-Silva Francemilson , Bargi-Souza Paula
Published: February 2025

Hypothyroidism is a common thyroid dysfunction with a higher prevalence in women. Impairments in the regulation of basal metabolism, small intestine nutrient transporter, dyslipidemia, and disruption in circadian clocks have been associated with the thyroid disorder. This study aimed to evaluate whether hypothyroidism affects the small intestine circadian clock and the daily expression pattern of gut nutrient transporters in female mice. Adult female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to hypothyroidism by the administration of methimazole (0.1%) and sodium perchlorate (1%) in drinking water for 45 days. After, the animals were subdivided and euthanized every 4 h over the 24 h period under deep anesthesia. The proximal small intestine segment was collected and immediately frozen for gene expression analysis of circadian core clock components (Bmal1, Per2, Cry1, and Nr1d1) and nutrient transporters by RT-qPCR. The daily protein content of nutrient transporters involved in the absorption of the products of hydrolysis of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates was evaluated over 24 h in isolated small intestinal epithelium by Western blotting. The expression of clock genes and protein content of nutrients transporters in the jejunum of control female mice exhibited a well-defined circadian rhythmicity, while no rhythmic oscillation over 24 h was observed for the transporter transcripts. Hypothyroidism abolished the circadian rhythmicity of circadian clock, punctually reduced the transcript content of Slc2a5 (GLUT5) at ZT12 and Slc2a2 (GLUT2) at ZT4, and disrupted the circadian oscillation of L-FABP, CD36, PEPT1, and GLUT2 protein contents in the small intestine of female mice. In conclusion, our findings indicate that thyroid hormones modulate the circadian clock of small intestine and the daily rhythmicity of components related to absorptive processes in female mice. Moreover, our data suggest that the mechanisms triggered by thyroid hormones involve posttranscriptional and/or translational modifications of proteins related to lipid, protein, and carbohydrate absorption. Together, these data contribute to the general comprehension of metabolic alterations often observed in hypothyroidism and have far-reaching implications at clinical levels considering the higher worldwide prevalence of hypothyroidism in women and its association with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
BvBZR1 improves parenchyma cell development and sucrose accumulation in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) taproot
Authors: Li Ningning , Wang Wei , Guo Xiaotong , Sun Yaqing , Li Guolong , Zhang Shaoying
Published: February 2025

BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT (BZR) transcription factors, key elements of brassinolide (BR) signal transduction, play an important role in regulating plant growth and development. However, little is known about the molecular regulatory mechanism of BZR in sugar beet taproot growth. In this study, BvBZR1 expression was significantly induced by exogenous BR treatment. Transgenic sugar beet overexpressing BvBZR1 exhibited a higher taproot diameter compared with the wild type, mainly due to a significant enhancement in the spacing between cambial rings by increasing the size and layers of parenchyma cells. BvBZR1 regulated the expression of BvCESA6, BvXTH33, BvFAD3, and BvCEL1 and enhanced cell wall metabolism to promote sugar beet taproot growth in parenchyma cells and the development of each cambium ring. In addition, BvBZR1 overexpression significantly increased the accumulation of sucrose and soluble sugars in the taproot, which was attributed to its ability to regulate the expression of BvSPS and BvINV and improve the activity of BvSPS, BvSS-S, BvSS-C, and BvINV enzymes in each cambium ring and parenchyma cell in the sugar beet taproot. These results suggest that BvBZR1 can regulate the expression of genes related to cell wall and sucrose metabolism, improve corresponding enzyme activity, and promote the development of each cambium ring and parenchyma cell, thereby promoting the growth and development of sugar beet taproots.
Broadcasting in Stars of Cliques and Path-Connected Cliques
Authors: Ambashankar Akash , Harutyunyan Hovhannes A.
Published: February 2025

Broadcasting is a fundamental information dissemination problem in a connected network where one node, referred to as the originator, must distribute a message to all other nodes through a series of calls along the network’s links. Once informed, nodes assist the originator by forwarding the message to their neighbors. Determining the broadcast time for a node in an arbitrary network is NP-complete. While polynomial-time algorithms exist for specific network topologies, the problem remains open for many others. In this paper, we focus on addressing the broadcasting problem in network topologies represented by specialized clique-based structures. Specifically, we investigate the windmill graph Wdk,l, which consists of k cliques of size l connected to a universal node, and extend our study to the star of cliques, a generalization of the windmill graph with cliques of arbitrary sizes. Our primary objective is to propose an efficient algorithm for determining the broadcast time of any node in an arbitrary star of cliques and to rigorously prove its optimality. Additionally, we broaden the scope by examining the broadcasting problem in path-connected cliques, a topology featuring k cliques of varying sizes sequentially connected along a path. For this structure, we develop a computationally efficient algorithm that leverages clique sizes and adjacency to optimize broadcast strategies, with broader implications for understanding communication in block graphs.
Nonlinearity Harmonic Error Compensation Method Based on Intelligent Identification for Rate Integrating Resonator Gyroscope
Authors: Yi Xiaodi , Yang Gongliu , Cai Qingzhong , Tu Yongqiang
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an improved intelligent optimizing algorithm based on parameter identification and drift compensation for the rate-integrating resonator gyroscope (RIRG). Besides damping and frequency imperfections, the RIRG measurement accuracy still suffers from limitations due to nonlinear error. Therefore, the dynamic nonlinear error model for RIRG has been established to reveal the relationship between the pattern angle and harmonic drifts. Based on this, a dynamic analysis of the gyroscope operating state is carried out using nonlinear motion equations. The optimal harmonic error parameters are then identified by a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for the drift error compensation. To further improve the measurement accuracy, chaotic technology is integrated with PSO, leading to more precise identification. Subsequently, the harmonic parameters of the bias drifts are efficiently compensated. Experimental results demonstrate that the bias drift is reduced by over 90% after harmonic error compensation, demonstrating the validity of the proposed method in enhancing the measurement accuracy of RIRGs.
Export–Import Activity and Its Assessment: The Ukrainian Case
Authors: Malyarets Lyudmyla , Labunska Svitlana , Sidak Mykola , Bilokonenko Hanna , Onegina Viktoriya
Published: February 2025

The development of export–import activity at all levels of the national economic system is an important factor and the result of globalization and country integration in the world economy. The elaboration of sound public policy related to export–import activity is based on its assessment and analysis. The goal of this article is the systematization and development of methodological support for the evaluation of the export–import activity of the national economy, including the development of its technology and a conceptual assessment model, which is presented in a structural–logical–semantic form, and the analysis and forecasting of export–import activity using the proposed model. To achieve the research goal, quantitative methods were used: the method of integral taxonomic indicators of development and efficiency, the method of forecasting based on trend models, multivariate factor analysis, and the modified method of cointegration of time series. A set of indicators for the export–import activity “development–effectiveness” matrix was proposed, and their dichotomies were studied. To ensure the reliability and objectivity of the export–import activity assessment, a methodological basis, which is detailed by structural elements, was formed. The model was constructed and tested based on monthly data on the export–import activity of Ukraine for the years 2021–2023.
MicroRNA-Mediated Changes in DNA Methylation Affect the Expression of Genes Involved in the Thickness-of-Pod-Canopy Trait in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Jia Ledong , Cao Lu , Zeng Lijun , Lu Kun , Qu Cunmin , Li Jiana , Chen Zhiyou
Published: February 2025

Methylation plays an important role in regulating crop development, but little is known about how methylation regulates plant architecture in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Here, we examined how methylation affects the thickness-of-pod-canopy (TPC) trait in rapeseed by performing genome-wide methylation analysis of two extreme TPC lines. In flower buds, 26 genes had significantly higher methylation levels in the high-TPC samples compared to the low-TPC samples, resulting in significantly reduced gene expression. By contrast, in the stem apex samples, the promoter regions of 22 genes were hypermethylated in the high- vs. low-TPC samples. The promoters of 19 and 21 genes had significantly reduced methylation levels in the flower bud and stem apex, respectively, of the high- vs. low-TPC samples, resulting in significantly higher expression levels. Some of these differentially expressed genes are associated with TPC-related traits, such as BnaC01g12960D (NRT1.8). In addition, 14 important genes related to growth and development were differentially regulated between the two groups due to miRNA-mediated differences in methylation levels in their promoters. For example, hypermethylation in the promoter region of BnaCnng64040D (Lipase family protein), mediated by miR159, led to significantly reduced gene expression in flower buds of high-TPC vs. low-TPC lines. These results, together with our previously generated RNA-seq and miRNA profiling data, indicate that both methylation and miRNAs are perhaps involved in regulating the expression of genes, thereby affecting the TPC trait in B. napus, providing a reference for uncovering the molecular mechanism regulating this crucial trait.
Psychrobacter Infections in Humans—A Narrative Review of Reported Cases
Authors: Ioannou Petros , Ziogou Afroditi , Giannakodimos Alexios , Giannakodimos Ilias , Tsantes Andreas G. , Samonis George
Published: February 2025

Background: Psychrobacter species are aerobic, Gram-negative, spherical-to-rod-shaped, psychrophilic bacteria that belong to the Moraxellaceae family. In spite of their uncommon manifestation in the general population, infections due to Psychrobacter spp. are increasingly identified especially in immunocompromised individuals or patients with severe comorbidities. Objectives: This review aims to analyze all reported instances of Psychrobacter spp. infections in humans, with an emphasis on data pertaining to epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial resistance, treatment strategies, and mortality outcomes. Methods: A narrative review was performed through a literature search of PubMed/MedLine and Scopus databases. Results: In total, 12 articles offered data on 12 patients infected with Psychrobacter spp. Their mean age was 33.41 years, while 63.64% of them were male. Immunosuppression was the predominant risk factor (33.3%). Bacteremia was the most commonly observed type of infection (41.6%), followed by meningitis, skin infection, and conjunctivitis. Psychrobacter immobilis was the most usually identified species (33.3%). The pathogen exhibited sensitivity to most antimicrobials. The most widely administered antimicrobials included cephalosporins (70%), followed by aminopenicillins and vancomycin (40%, respectively). The clinical outcome depended primarily on the infection site; mortality rate was high (44.4%), especially in cases of bacteremia (50%). Conclusion: Due to the potential of Psychrobacter spp. to cause serious infection, clinicians and laboratory professionals should consider it in the differential diagnosis in patients with infections by Gram-negative spherical bacteria, particularly in patients with significant comorbidities and immunodeficiency, in order to accurately establish the diagnosis and proceed to the right treatment.
Hammering Test for Tile Wall Using Deep Learning
Authors: Ito Atsushi , Koike Masafumi , Saito Masako , Hibino Katsuhiko
Published: February 2025

Economic activities heavily rely on social infrastructure, such as bridges, tunnels, public structures, and buildings. In Japan, regular inspections are mandated by law to ensure these assets remain functional. This kind of requirement is rare worldwide. Similar regulations exist only in major cities in the United States and Canada. These inspections often focus on detecting issues that are not visible to the naked eye, such as cavities within concrete walls. The most widely used method for such inspections is the hammering test, in which inspectors analyze the sound variations produced when a hammer strikes a surface. By interpreting these auditory changes, they can assess the structural integrity and identify hidden defects within a structure. While effective, the accuracy of this method strongly depends on the inspector’s sensory perception, which varies with individual experience and skill. Furthermore, because the test is conducted manually, it is time-consuming, especially for large-scale structures. The most critical problem is the shortage of skilled inspectors due to retirement. It is difficult to meet the demand for inspections. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an AI-based hammering test system that analyzes and evaluates structural health by detecting abnormal sounds during inspections. This system allows even less-experienced workers to accurately identify defective areas. The focus of this study is on the application of AI-driven sound analysis for inspecting adhesive-applied tile walls, a common feature in modern apartment buildings. By integrating AI technology, this approach promises to improve the consistency and quality of inspections, reduce reliance on human expertise, and significantly enhance the overall efficiency of the inspection process.
Influence of Food Pigments and Thermal Aging on the Color Stability of Denture Base Resins
Authors: Costa Beatriz , Neves Cristina Bettencourt , Roque João Carlos , Anes Vitor , Santos Virgínia
Published: February 2025

Color stability of acrylic resins is essential for preserving the aesthetic appearance of denture bases over time. This study explores how food pigments and thermal changes affect the color stability of commonly used denture base resins. Four acrylic resins were tested: three heat-cured acrylic resins with different characteristics (Zhermack® Villacryl H Plus V2, H Plus V4, and H Rapid FN V4) and one self-cured acrylic resin (Zhermack® Villacryl S V4). To simulate the oral environment, the resins underwent 1000 thermal cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C, followed by a 7-day immersion period in beverages such as coffee, red wine, a caramel-colored soft drink (cola), and distilled water (control), forming sixteen group of specimens (n = 5). Color changes (∆E) were measured using the VITA Easyshade V® spectrophotometer, following the CIEDE2000 standard. The findings revealed that thermal aging caused noticeable color changes in all resins (p < 0.001). Red wine led to the most intense discoloration, followed by coffee. The caramel-colored soft drink caused moderate staining, while distilled water had a negligible effect. The type of polymerization did not affect the degree of discoloration, as no significant differences were found between the resins after exposure to beverages (p > 0.05). Overall, this study highlights how both internal and external factors impact the appearance of acrylic resins. Thermal aging can accelerate polymer degradation, while pigments in beverages cause visible staining. Among the tested beverages, red wine proved to be the most aggressive due to its high pigment concentration and low pH. These findings emphasize the need for improved material formulations to enhance the longevity and aesthetic performance of dentures.
On-Site Implementation of External Wrench Measurement via Non-Linear Optimization in Six-Axis Force–Torque Sensor Calibration and Crosstalk Compensation
Authors: Shin Jiyou , Shin Jinjae , Jung Hong-ryul , Won Jaeseok , Auh Eugene , Moon Hyungpil
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a novel calibration method for accurate external wrench measurement using a six-axis FT (force–torque) sensor. We propose a sensor model and calibration method for FT sensors that enable precise separation of the force and torque components without the need for additional devices or sensors by estimating essential parameters: bias, crosstalk, CoM (center of mass), and inclination. By directly utilizing manufacturer-provided data, our approach eliminates the complexities of traditional calibration processes while achieving higher accuracy in force–torque measurements. This method simplifies the calibration workflow and enhances the practicality of FT sensor applications. A mobile manipulator installed with an FT sensor and a gripper is used to demonstrate calibration effectiveness across varying postures and incline conditions, with non-linear optimization based on the gradient descent method applied to minimize sensor-data errors. The tilt of the base is implemented by placing a step under the wheels of the mobile base to simulate roll or pitch scenarios. A digital level was used to measure the angle and verify that our predicted results were accurate. The proposed method addresses typical calibration challenges, including the effects of the end tool and base incline, which are not commonly covered in existing methods. The results show that, on a non-inclined base, crosstalk and CoM calibration reduces the MSE (mean squared error) by 55.8%, 56.2%, and 14.5% for the external force with respect to data without any calibration conducted. On an inclined base, our full calibration process reduces the MSE by a maximum of 98.6% for external mass measurement with respect to no calibration method applied. These findings highlight the importance of incline calibration for achieving accurate external force estimations, especially in mobile manipulator applications where the environment frequently changes.
An Analysis of Rock Bolt Dynamic Responses to Evaluate the Anchoring Degree of Fixation
Authors: Godio Alberto , Oggeri Claudio , Seccatore Jacopo
Published: February 2025

Rock bolting in underground environments is used for different fundamental reasons, including suspending potentially loosened blocks, clamping small wedges together, inducing a protective pressure arch along the contour of excavated voids to improve the self-supporting capacity of the ground, and providing passive pressure in integrated support systems. In this study, we describe a testing procedure that was developed to investigate the grouted annulus of a rock bolt using a low-cost investigation method. This diagnostic technique was based on the dynamic response of the system, where mechanical vibrations were induced within the rock bolt and the response was recorded by using geophones/accelerometers on the protruding element of the bolt (the collar and head). The collected signal was then processed to estimate the spectral response, and the amplitude spectrum was analyzed to detect the resonance frequencies. A 3D finite element model of the rock bolt and grouting was established to simulate the quality of the coupling by varying the mechanical properties of the grouting. The model’s response for the studied geometry of the rock bolt suggested that a poor quality of grouting was usually associated with flexural modes of vibration with a low resonance frequency. Good-quality grouting was associated with a frequency higher than 1400 Hz, where the axial vibration was mainly excited. Our analyses referred to short rock bolts, which are usually adopted in small tunnels. The interpretation of the experimental measurements assumed that the spectral response was significantly affected by the quality of the grouting, as demonstrated by the modeling procedure. The resonant frequency was compared with the results of the model simulation. The method was used to test the quality of rock bolts in a small experimental tunnel carved from andesite rock in Chile. Low-cost shock sensors (piezoelectric geophones) with low sensitivity but a wide frequency band were used. The main research outcome was the development of a reliable method to model the dynamic response of rock bolts in mines or for experimental applications in tunnels. Albeit limited to the current specific geometries, the modeling and testing will be adapted to other anchor/bolt options.
Passion and Health: How Winter Swimming Influences Blood Morphology and Rheology
Authors: Teległów Aneta , Frankiewicz Marta , Marchewka Jakub
Published: February 2025

An important area of health is health promotion. A healthy lifestyle supports health improvement and early prevention of chronic diseases. Stimulation of the body by cold water swimming and swimming in a swimming pool can lead to adaptive changes beneficial for the human cardiovascular system. Within the winter swimming season of 2023/2024, for a period of 5 months, from November to March, once a week, study participants (n = 30; n = 15 females and n = 15 males) from the Krakow Society of Winter Swimmers ‘Kaloryfer’ in Krakow (Poland) practiced winter swimming in cold water (4–5 °C) and swam in the sports pool of the University of Physical Culture in Krakow in water at a temperature of 28 °C. After a full season of winter swimming and swimming pool sessions, both males and females exhibited a tendency towards lower erythrocyte (p = 0.002), leukocyte (p < 0.001), and platelet counts (p < 0.001), as well as an increase in blood plasma viscosity (within normal limits) (p = 0.001), without any changes in blood aggregation or fibrinogen indicators. The remaining morphological indicators and the elongation index demonstrated only limited variation. Winter swimming induces positive changes in blood morphology and rheology.
Does a Greater Hamstring Muscle Thickness Mean a Greater Aponeurosis Thickness?
Authors: Sahinis Chrysostomos , Kellis Eleftherios
Published: February 2025

The aim of the present study was to assess the association between muscle thickness and the superficial and deep aponeurosis thickness of the hamstrings. Ultrasound images were captured from the semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris long head (BFlh) of fifty young individuals (28 males and 22 females). Measurements were taken at six sites along the thigh in prone position. Superficial and deep aponeurosis and muscle thickness were evaluated across the entire length of the ST and BFlh using a computational image segmentation approach, which generated approximately ~360 data points per participant. There was significant interindividual variability in superficial (coefficient of variation, CV: 19.37–31.40%) and deep aponeurosis thickness (CV: 21.22–31.82%). Correlation analysis revealed a limited association between muscle and superficial aponeurosis thickness, with no significant correlations (r = −0.21 to 0.22, p > 0.05) observed across regions. However, moderate positive correlations were found for deep aponeurosis thickness in the proximal region of the BFlh (r = 0.43, p = 0.002) and in the middle (r = 0.34, p = 0.014) and distal–middle region of the ST (r = 0.35, p = 0.022). No consistent relation between muscle and aponeurosis thickness was observed, suggesting that aponeurosis morphology varies independently of muscle size. This variability may impact the mechanical strain distribution, emphasizing the need for individualized assessments in hamstring injury prediction.
PWCT2: A Self-Hosting Visual Programming Language Based on Ring with Interactive Textual-to-Visual Code Conversion
Authors: Fayed Mahmoud Samir , Alohali Yousef A.
Published: February 2025

Visual programming languages (VPLs) play a significant role in simplifying the process of learning to program and reducing development time. Most VPLs are developed for use in education or specific domains. Recently, some projects have aimed to provide general-purpose VPLs. Among these projects is the Programming Without Coding Technology (PWCT) project, which has been used for several years to develop and maintain the compiler and virtual machine for the Ring programming language. However, PWCT faces several issues related to code generation performance and the operating systems it supports. Additionally, its visual editor lacks many features, such as rich comments, auto-run, and the ability to import textual code, which are highly important in the era of using large language models for generating textual code. In this research, we present the PWCT2 visual programming language, which is distributed on the Steam platform. On Steam, 1772 users have launched the software, and the total usage time recorded exceeds 17,000 h. This generation provides approximately 36 times faster code generation and 20 times lower storage requirements for visual source files. It also allows for the conversion of Ring code into visual code, enabling the creation of a self-hosting VPL. It consists of approximately 92,000 lines of Ring code and comes with 394 visual components. Moreover, using Ring in this project demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing the language for projects of this scale. Ring compiles PWCT2 in less than one second, and the generated bytecode consists of approximately 724,000 instructions.
Loss Research and Thermal Analysis of BLDC Hollow-Cup Motor Under Reactor Suppression
Authors: Du Jingjuan , Sun Yumeng , Zhao Jian , Liu Boran , Mi Yanqing
Published: February 2025

In order to avoid overheating of a BLDC permanent magnet (PM) motor at high speeds, this paper focuses on the loss reduction of a 90 W 47,000 r/min BLDC hollow-cup motor. It is proposed to provide an optimizing method for the series reactors and the parameterization of reactors in the motor system. The finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate and analyze the time harmonic of air-gap magnetic flux density, stator core loss, and rotor eddy current loss in two cases: with a series reactor and without a reactor. By parameterizing the inductance value, the optimal resistance value is determined to minimize motor loss. In addition, an electromagnetic–thermal coupling analysis is conducted, and the results show that the temperature distribution of the stator core, winding, and rotor are improved under reactor suppression. Finally, an experimental platform is built to verify the temperature increase and the efficiency of the motor load operation. A clear reference for the research and optimization analysis of motor loss reduction is provided.
AI-Assisted Physiotherapy for Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kapil Dev , Wang Jin , Olawade David B. , Vanderbloemen Laura
Published: February 2025

Background: Non-specific low back pain (LBP) is a widespread condition with significant impacts on physical activity, muscle strength, psychological well-being, and economic status. Traditional physiotherapy shows variable efficacy, prompting growing interest in AI-assisted physiotherapy for its potential to offer personalized feedback and multidisciplinary care integration. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate AI-assisted physiotherapy’s effectiveness in reducing pain intensity and functional impairment and improving mental health compared to usual physiotherapy. Method: A comprehensive search strategy was employed across Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception to 30 May 2024. Comparative studies were identified and screened using PICOS criteria. Data extraction involved detailed study characteristics and outcomes, with methodological quality assessed via the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Meta-analyses using random-effects models calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs). Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared to usual physiotherapy, AI-assisted physiotherapy did not demonstrate any statistically significant differences in outcomes across the aspects studied, including pain intensity (SMD = −0.2711, 95% CI: −0.5109 to −0.0313, p = 0.267), functional impairment (SMD = −0.2508, 95% CI: −0.5574 to 0.0559, p = 0.1089), and mental health (SMD = −0.0328, 95% CI: −0.1972 to 0.1316, p = 0.6956). These findings indicate that AI-assisted physiotherapy had no demonstrable additional effect compared to usual physiotherapy for patients with LBP. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to address inter-study heterogeneity, confirming the robustness of these results. Conclusions: While AI-assisted physiotherapy shows potential in managing LBP by providing personalized treatment and feedback, the current evidence does not demonstrate significant advantages over usual physiotherapy. Further large-scale, long-term, and methodologically rigorous randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate these findings, assess their clinical relevance, and explore broader public health applications.
Enhancing Driving Safety of Personal Mobility Vehicles Using On-Board Technologies
Authors: Choi Eru , Dinh Tuan Anh , Choi Min
Published: February 2025

Accidents involving electric wheelchairs are a growing concern, with users frequently encountering obstacles that lead to collisions, tipping, or loss of balance. These incidents underscore the need for advanced safety technologies tailored to electric wheelchair users. This research addresses this need by developing a driving assistance system to prevent accidents and enhance user safety. The system incorporates ultrasonic sensors and a front-facing camera to detect obstacles and provide real-time warnings. The proposed system operates independently of stable server communication and employs embedded hardware for fast object detection and environmental recognition, ensuring immediate guidance in various scenarios. In this research, we utilized the existing yolov8 model as is. But we attempted to improve performance by hardware acceleration of convolutional neural networks, supporting various layers such as convolution, deconvolution, pooling, batch normalization, and others. Thus, the YOLO model was accelerated during inference on the specialized hardware in our experiments. Performance was evaluated in diverse environments to assess its usability. Results demonstrated high accuracy in detecting obstacles and providing timely warnings. Leveraging hardware acceleration for YOLOv8 delivers faster, scalable, and robust object detection, making it a great platform for enhancing driving safety on edge and embedded devices. These findings provide a strong foundation for future advancements in safety assistance systems for electric wheelchairs and other mobility devices. Future research will focus on enhancing system performance and integrating additional features to create a safer environment for electric wheelchair users.
The Artistic and Ideological Framework of Funerary and Mourning Ceremonies for Polish Monarchs in the 16th Century: A Study on Reconstructing the Visual Aspects of Funeral Rites
Authors: Janowski Piotr Józef
Published: February 2025

The issue of royal deaths, along with studies on the ceremonial framework, the artistic and ideological aspects of their funerals, the rituals of power succession, and the public manifestation of dynastic power, represents a significant area of research in contemporary humanities. This article explores the origins and evolution of mourning and funeral ceremonies for Polish monarchs, and subsequently, based on various sources, examines the fixed and variable elements of the funerals of Sigismund I the Old (r. 1507–1548), Sigismund II Augustus (r. 1548–1572), and Stephen Báthory (r. 1575–1586), which followed a ceremonial protocol established in 1548. Additionally, it addresses the challenges of reconstructing the visual aspects of these ceremonies, with particular attention paid to their artistic and ideological components and their connections to the funerary traditions of other European rulers.