bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
α-Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Extracts from the Fermentation of Endophytic Bacteria from Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) Leaves
Authors: Huda Ulfa Rosiatul , Ismed Friardi , Arifah Nurwahidatul , Sardy Valdy Filando , Rustini
Published: November 2024

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don contain bioactive compounds that act as inhibitors against the α-glucosidase enzyme. This study aims to test the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitor activity of fermented extract of endophytic bacteria from tapak dara leaves and identify the bacterial species. Endophytic bacteria were isolated using a direct planting method, resulting in eight isolates. The bacteria were fermented for 24-72 hours in nutrient broth media. Ethyl acetate was used to extract the fermented bacteria. Screening for α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity was conducted using the TLC bioautography method. Four bacterial isolates (TD 1, TD 3, TD 4, TD 7) produced clear zones, qualitatively indicating that the isolates have inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase enzyme. The IC50 results from the eight isolates showed that three isolates provided strong IC50 values: isolate TD 1 at 19.93 µg/ml, isolate TD 2 at 92.34 µg/ml, and isolate TD 4 at 13.94 µg/ml, compared to acarbose at 48.85 µg/ml). Molecular identification showed that isolate TD 1 was Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and isolate TD 4 was Staphylococcus warneri. This study concluded that endophytic bacteria from tapak dara leaves have the potential as a source of α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitor compounds for the development of antidiabetic drugs.
Pengaruh Ease of Use dan Information Quality Terhadap Repurchase Intention Pengguna Aplikasi Grabfood Di Kota Mataram
Authors: Kusuma Akla Triyan , Suarti Ayu Ritha , Fitri Elsa , Susanty Susanty
Published: November 2024

This research aims to determine the effect of Ease of Use and Information Quality on Repurchase Intention of Grabfood application users in Mataram City. The population in this study were all Grabfood application users in Mataram City, while the sample for this study was 100 Grabfood users using purposive sampling techniques. This type of research is associative research. Data processing in this study used SPSS 25.0 for Windows, where validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests, significance tests (t tests) and coefficient of determination (R2) were carried out. Based on the research results, it shows that: (1) Ease of Use has a positive and significant effect on Repurchase Intention (2) Information Quality has a positive and significant effect on Repurchase Intention
Dampak Pertambangan Emas Terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat di Desa Lalar Liang Kecamatan Taliwang Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat
Authors: Oktryaningsih Rosita , Afifi Mansur , Senopati I Dewa Ketut Yudha
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of gold mining on community income in Lalar Liang Village, Taliwang District with a qualitative approach with a descriptive method that aims to systematically describe the facts or characteristics of a certain population or a certain field factually and carefully. Procedures for collecting observational data, interviews and literature studies. In this case, the data validity check technique used by the author is using the triangulation method. Data analysis of this interactive model includes: data collection, data reduction, data presentation and finally drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that there is an increase in the income of the mining community because mining is an additional source of income for the community to overcome the family economy. However, not all gold miners earn the same. Although it is not yet large-scale, the dynamics of the people's economy are beginning to be felt and the people's economy is improving from time to time through gold mining.
Analisis Pengaruh Transmisi Kebijakan Moneter Melalui Jalur Suku Bunga Dan Harga Aset Terhadap Inflasi Di Indonesia Tahun 2017-2023
Authors: Aditya I Made Oka , Chaidir Taufiq , Arini Gusti Ayu
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of monetary policy transmission through the interest rate channel using the Bank Indonesia Certificate Interest Rate (RSBI) and the Interbank Money Market Interest Rate (RPUAB) indicators and through the asset price channel using the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) and Real Investment (IR) indicators. The data used is secondary data obtained from the official website of Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data analysis used is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) with the Eviews 10 application. The results of this study indicate that in the long run the Bank Indonesia Certificate Interest Rate (RSBI) has a significant negative effect on inflation, the Interbank Money Market Interest Rate (RPUAB) has a significant positive effect on inflation, the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) has a significant negative effect on inflation, and Real Investment (IR) has a positive and significant effect on inflation. While in the short term, the Bank Indonesia Certificate Interest Rate (RSBI) has a negative and insignificant effect on inflation, the Interbank Money Market Interest Rate (RPUAB) has a negative and insignificant effect on inflation, the Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) has a negative and insignificant effect on inflation, and Real Investment (IR) has a positive and insignificant effect on inflation.
Penerapan Prinsip Arsitektur Berkelanjutan pada Renovasi Bangunan Rumah Tinggal
Authors: Permana I Nyoman Yoga , Inayah Nurul , Arini Naura Nazhyrah , Kusumaningthiyas Wike Adisti
Published: November 2024

Dikarenakan kontribusi efek rumah kaca terhadap pemanasan global, para arsitek kini mulai memahami pentingnya merancang bangunan berkelanjutan. Arsitektur berkelanjutan adalah arsitektur yang sadar terhadap lingkungan sekitar. Bangunan yang berkelanjutan harus mengedepankan lingkungan sebagai perhatian utama dan penggunaan energi, namun tetap memikirkan kenyamanan pengguna ruang. Rumusan masalah perancangan ini adalah bagaimana merancang bangunan yang berkelanjutan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip arsitektur berkelanjutan dengan tetap memperhatikan kenyamanan pengguna ruang. Metode pengumpulan data bersifat observasi pada bangunan eksisting dan eksploratif yang didapatkan dari studi dokumen yang berkaitan dengan arsitektur berkelanjutan. Pada perancangan ini penerapan arsitektur berkelanjutan dilakukan pada optimalisasi penggunaan material sisa bongkaran, mengoptimalkan health and comfort (pencahayaan alami, kenyamanan visual dan termal), menggunakan sumber energi dari alam (panel surya) dan penyediaan pemilahan sampah
Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Publik di Taman Sangkareang Kota Mataram
Authors: Indriani Ni Ketut Ayu Intan Putri Mentari , Bachtiar Jasmine Chanifah Uzdah , Kamase Giska Ayu Pradana Putri , Anantama Aldhi Nugraha , Gazalba Zaedar
Published: November 2024

Ruang terbuka publik merupakan elemen penting dalam perancangan kota yang mewadahi ruang gerak dan aktifitas masyarakat kota. Penataan ruang terbuka publik perlu menyesuaikan kebutuhan masyarakat dan menjadi ruang yang ramah untuk beragam aktivitas dan interaksi sosial. Taman Sangkareang menjadi sentral ruang publik bagi masyarakat Kota Mataram dan mewadahi beragam aktifitas masyarakat. Aktifitas yang terjadi berulang pada ruang publik membentuk pola perilaku spasial dalam pemanfaatan ruang publik. Pemanfaatan ruang publik yang tidak sesuai setting fisik dapat mengganggu kenyamanan dalam beraktifitas sehingga perlu adanya evaluasi maupun penyesuaian antara pola pemanfaatan ruang dengan setting fisik ruang publik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pola perilaku keruangan (spasial) pengunjung Taman Sangkareang berdasarkan perilaku pemanfaatan ruang pada setiap setting fisik sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan dalam penataan ruang publik kedepannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik pemetaan perilaku. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola pemanfaatan ruang di Taman Sangkareang cenderung menyesuaikan dengan setting fisik, dapat meluas pada kondisi tertentu yang dipengaruhi waktu dan kegiatan yang berlangsung, serta beberapa kegiatan terbentuk tidak sesuai fungsi dan setting ruang. Selain itu, ditemukan juga beberapa atribut yang muncul akibat adanya interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan pada ruang publik.
DEVELOPING AN ELECTRONIC PEN NEEDLE HOLDER USED IN MICROSURGERY
Authors:   Biomedical     Engineering,     Al     Nahrain University,     Baghdad,     Iraq., I. Abed Rana , J. Hamandi Sadiq ,   Biomedical     Engineering,     Al     Nahrain University,     Baghdad,     Iraq., K. Faraj Moneer ,   Director  Local  Committee  of  Arabian  Board  of  Neurosurgery,  College  of  Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: November 2024

The concept of electrical integrated with surgical instruments (EISI) was first introduced by one of the authors of this paper. It aims to add electronic chips to classical surgical instruments to facilitate the surgeon's work during operation. Another concept called Penization is also utilized to redesign the instruments into pen-like ones to have 360° control by the surgeons' hands. This concept results in the production of the so-called pen needle holder. We tried to add an electrical chip to this innovative needle holder design to solve the problem of passing the needle through hard tissues in delicate microsurgical work, especially in neurosurgery. Method: A hybrid electronic circuit was added to the newly designed needle holder. We designed a circuit with built-in motors to facilitate the pen needle holder's work on tough tissue. The design respects the so-called tunnel principle, which states that we can add any material or devices within the surgical instrument that are not in contact with the organic tissue. The system depends on a pressure sensor circuit located just beneath the index tip of the surgeon so that whenever he has tough tissue, the pressure on the sensor through his index finger will increase to a certain amount; it will stimulate uni-direction vibrators, which will push that tip of the needle holder Onwards. The electrical motors will stop spontaneously whenever resistance stops as the needle passes through the tissue; ten neurosurgeons use this integrated surgical instrument. They answered a special questionnaire designed to compare the use of this pen needle hoarder with the electronic vibrators and without it, and the results were encouraging. Conclusion: The newly designed pen needle holder with an integrated electronic chip is approved to facilitate the surgeon's work, especially with hard tissues. It creates an opportunity to develop further innovations by integrating these electrical chips with other surgical instruments.
EFFECT OF UPSTREAM SIDE SLOPE OF CRUMP WEIR ON DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT
Authors:   Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa,  Iraq, Abbas Al-Yousefi Hayder , Abbas Kadhem Ali ,   Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa,  Iraq, Abdul Rasool ALASADI Layth ,   Department of Structures and Water Resources, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Iraq.
Published: November 2024

The current study examines the flow characteristics under free flow conditions over a crump weir. The impact of the side slopes of the weir on the coefficient of discharge (Cd) is taken into account. Four physical models with crest heights of 0.15 m under free flow circumstances and four upstream side slope (1:3, 1:2.5, 1:2 and 1:1.5) were used to investigate the impact of various variables on discharge coefficient (Cd). Using the dimensional analysis technique, the elements influencing the crump weir's discharge coefficient were determined based on laboratory tests. For the same flow rate, Cd value decrease by decreasing upstream side slope. It notices that a decrease in upstream slope (from 1:3 to 1:2.5) reducing Cd value about (2.61 %), decrease upstream slope from (1:3 to 1:2) reducing Cd value about (4.16 %) and when decrease upstream slope from (1:3 to 1:1.5) reducing Cd value about (5.81 %).
AN IMAGE ENCRYPTION METHOD BASED ON LOGISTICAL CHAOTIC MAPS TO ENCRYPT COMMUNICATION DATA
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq, Abdul-Jaleel Al-Asady Heba , Falah Fakhruldeen Hassan ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq, Mudhafar Yousif ,   Department of Computer Technical Engineering, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
Published: November 2024

Encryption is crucial because of how integral to daily life things like smartphones, computers, and the internet have become. It's almost inconceivable to think about getting by without it. Everything from paying bills and buying goods to email and social networking is done online nowadays. Participating in measures that can prevent illegal access to our accounts, data, and devices is more crucial than ever. In this study, we combined a 256-by-256-pixel cover picture with a 128-by-128-pixel inner image using the logistic map (the chaotic function), where both images were in the PNG format. where the encrypted image is converted to a grayscale image and then encrypted through the logistic function. the output of this process is chaotic data that has been converted into binary data to be encrypted again through the colors of the cover image (red, green and blue) each separately and measuring the standard factors to know the strength of the system. The bit error rate was calculated after measuring the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), system similarity(SSIM), and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR) for these three hues. Using the logistic map, all three colors were found to be equally secure during encryption in the chaotic signal and due to unpredictability.
OPTIMIZATION OF WEAR RESISTANCE OF ALUMINUM MATRIX COMPOSITE (AL-7050/10WT% EGGSHELL) BY STUDY OF EFFECT STIRRING SPEED AND STIRRING TIME
Authors:   Production Eng. and Metallurgy Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, T.Rashid Waleed
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of stirring speed (X1) and stirring time (X2) composite materials (Al-7050/10 wt. %eggshell) renforcemented by eggshell particles of the on wear resistance by using the MINITAB 16 program. A composite material was produced by the stir casting method; the ingot was melted, and a molten metal vortex was produced by varying the stirring speed (200, 300, 400, 500, 600 rpm) and stirring duration (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes). Eggshell particles with a fixed weight fraction of (10% wt.) and sizes (21–30 μm) were used. It was concluded if the variables (X1 = 543.4343 rpm) and (X2 = 48.1818 min.) wear loss of (0.0061 g) could be achieved. In practice, wear loss (0.0063 g) was obtained using the values of X1 and X2, which were obtained using the programs. Was wear loss is almost identical to the value obtained by the program. Additionally, the results manifested that the stirring time (X2) and stirring speed (X1) have a significant impact on the wear loss, where increase in stirring speed and time leading to an increase in wear strength. Furthermore, the effect of stirring speed (X1) on the wear loss is larger than that of stirring time (X2).
ANALYSIS OF THE THERMAL FRICTION DRILLING PROCESS FOR EFFECTIVE PARAMETRIC CHOICE ON THE DRILLING OF AISI 304 STAINLESS STEEL USING THE FUZZY AHP-MOORA METHOD
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Sixtus Nwankiti Ugochukwu , Oluwo Adeyinka ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Olusegun Oyekeye Manasseh ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Rajan John ,   Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India, Jose Swaminathan ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India, Kadadevarmath Rajeshwar ,   Amruta Institute of Engineering & Management Sciences, Bidadi, Bengaluru, India, Ayoola Oke Sunday ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Bolaji Aderibigbe Samuel ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Oluwaseun Odudare Samson ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Published: November 2024

Attaining effective quality control of drilled samples in thermal friction drilling is a challenge considering the disproportionate allocation of drilling resources to parameters. Therefore, it is essential to select the appropriate parameters and allocate their scarce resources based on requirements. This paper chooses the effective and the best parameters of the drilling process during the processing of AISI 304 stainless steel using the fuzzy-AHP-MOORA method. The analytic hierarchy process is deployed by stating the criteria and alternatives. A pairwise comparison is made with the outcome introduced into a fuzzy framework which interpretes the obtained values from an input to an output vector via a rule (linguistic the terms) set. The result is expressed as responses to options compared to the objectives as ratios. The input parameters are the feed rate, friction angle, rotational speed, friction contact area proportion, tool cylindrical region diameter and workpiece thickness. In turn, the responses are the roundness error, radial force, dimensional error, axial force, bushing length and hole diameter. It was found that experimental trials 12, 14 and 8 with the respective differences between beneficial and non-beneficial values of 0.2133, 0.2076 and 0.1083 obtained the respective positions of 1st, 2nd and 3rd. The discretized fuzzy weights place the bushing length as the best while the second position is shared equally by all the other responses. The model was successful in reducing the imprecision in the parameters and the greatly improved response was the bushing length.
ISOLATING PURE SILICA FROM SYRIAN CLAY FOR BIOGLASS MANUFACTURING
Authors:   Department of chemistry, College of Science, University of Tartous, Tartous,Syria., Sulaiman Ahmad , Hammal Abdulrazzaq ,   Department of Basic Sciences, College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
Published: November 2024

One material that can be used in bone and soft tissue engineering is bioglass. By adhering to bone tissues and forming an apatite layer that further starts the biomineralization process, it can also encourage skin regeneration and wound healing in addition to playing a significant part in the healing processes of bone fractures.In this research, Syrian clay was used as a cheap silica source for preparation bioglass by melting method. Pure silica was isolated by mixing clay with sodium hydroxide in the following amounts (1:1), (2:1), (3:1), treated at different temperatures (700, 800, 900)˚C, treated with HCl solution, filtrated, dried, the yield reached to 96% with purity of 99% when clay was mixed with NaOH by (2:1) and treated at 800˚C. Bioglass was prepared using isolated silica according to thermal program, the formation of bioglass was confirmed by XRD, IR and biodegradability test, which confirmed formation of hydroxyapatite, on the surface which confirmed the biological effectiveness of the prepared bioglass.
Understanding the Causal Nexus Between Saudi’s Seaborne Trade and Economy and Quantifying the Relationship
Authors: Anwar Ahm Mehbub , Al Telmesani Mohammad , Alwosheel Abdulrahman
Published: November 2024

An economy’s primary objective is to foster high economic growth, ultimately enhancing the well-being of its citizens. Recent economic strategies have increasingly emphasized trade-oriented policies to achieve this goal.
Kriteria Iktikad Baik pada Klausul Disclaimer dalam Kontrak Elektronik
Authors: Kinan Kalam Khalifa
Published: November 2024

Kontrak elektronik merupakan salah satu bentuk perkembangan penggunaan kontrak. Kontrak elektronik biasa digunakan masyarakat dalam kegiatan jual beli melalui sistem elektronik. Jual beli melalui sistem elektronik dinilai memiliki banyak keuntungan, yakni meningkatkan pendapatan, pangsa pasar, dan keuntungan. Namun dibalik kelebihan tersebut, masih terdapat permasalahan yaitu pencantuman klausul disclaimer oleh penjual dalam akad jual beli elektronik yang tidak beritikad baik. Hal ini mengakibatkan kerugian bagi konsumen karena sulitnya mengajukan klaim untuk meminta pertanggungjawaban kepada penjual. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan yang berkaitan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, dan data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Adanya klausul disclaimer harus dijalani dengan itikad baik sesuai dengan Pasal 18 ayat (1) UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK) tentang pembatasan klausul disclaimer. Penggunaan klausul disclaimer oleh penjual yang tidak beritikad baik harus dipertanggungjawabkan dengan memberikan ganti rugi kepada pihak yang dirugikan (vide Pasal 19 ayat (1) UUPK).
Extraction of platinum from silicate melt in a direct current ore-thermal furnace
Authors:   Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolaev A. A. , Muromsky S. M. ,   Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ovchinnikova O. A. ,   Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Penkina T. N. ,   Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The pyrometallurgical extraction of platinum from an oxide system based on SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO has been experimentally studied. This material was an unclaimed waste of the glass industry with a platinum content of 0.03 %. The material was subjected to reduction melting in a laboratory DC ore-thermal furnace. The furnace had a graphite crucible with a volume of 10 dm3 with an axially mounted graphite electrode. The crucible had a magnesite lining and was placed in a steel casing. A negative potential was applied to the electrode from the power supply, and a positive potential was applied to the crucible. The melting was carried out at a current of 300 A and a voltage of 100 V. The material was loaded during the melting process as it melted. A flux based on CaO and SiO2 was added to the material to reduce the melting point. The melt had a temperature of 1850 K in this case. 41.6 kg of the charge was remelted for 6.5 hours with an intermediate drain of the melt. The melt was drained partly by tilting the crucible, leaving the metal phase at the bottom. The metal phase weighed 322 g. It was ferrosilicon containing ≈ 20 % Si and 1.44 % Pt. The energy and material balances of melting were considered. The microstructure of both the initial material and the products of melting were studied. Platinum is contained in the starting material in the form of inclusions with a size of about 10 mm. The inclusions were deposited on the bottom of the crucible when the material was melted and were extracted with ferrosilicon, formed as a result of carbon thermal reduction. It was shown that the Stokes law is applicable to determine the deposition rate under electric melting conditions. Platinum and copper form separate phases when ferrosilicon solidifies. The platinum content is about 50 % in these phases.
Study of shrinkage of crystallizing metal under controlled pressure application
Authors:   Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Transport of Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigorievich  and Nikolay Grigorievich Stoletov, Korostelev V. F.
Published: November 2024

One of the promising technological processes aimed at expanding the scope of application of deformable heat-treated high-strength aluminum-based alloys such as D16, B95, etc. is liquid stamping — crystallization under pressure. In the process of liquid stamping, defects of gas-shrinkage origin and liquation occur in sections with a thickness of more than 40 mm, which cannot be eliminated by known methods. As an approach to solving this problem, it is proposed to use the dependence of the change in the volume of the crystallizing metal on the pressure value. It is established that the metal property hidden from the known methods of studying the crystallization process, referred to in this work by the term “compactness of the crystallizing metal” can be up to 5 – 6 % of the total volume of the metal. An original research methodology is proposed, controlled and controlled process parameters are determined to ensure the formation of a structure without defects. Using the example of the production of molds for casting plastic parts, the advantages of the proposed casting process with the imposition of pressure on the crystallizing metal are shown.
Effect of shell composition on the internalization efficiency of pH-sensitive drug carriers based on mesoporous particles
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Lengert E. V. ,   Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Vlasicheva Yu. N. ,   D.I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Kuznetsov A. O. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Guslyakova O. I. ,   Saratov National Research State University named after  N.G. Chernyshevsky, Scientific Medical Center, Ermakov A. V. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in systemic drug delivery emphasize the use of innovative technologies, such as pH-sensitive drug carriers, to achieve precise and efficient targeting within the body. These approaches hold significant promise for controlling drug delivery and guiding drugs to specific targets. This study investigates the fabrication of core-shell particles utilizing mesoporous vaterite particles coated with pH-sensitive alginate and cellulose. The research reveals that the formed coatings influence alterations in particle morphology and zeta potential, resulting in consistent pH-dependent release profiles. Furthermore, the negative potential reduces the uptake efficiency of the resulting particles into Raw264.7 immune cells, demonstrating the potential for prolonged circulation time and increased bioavailability of the encapsulated substances. These findings underscore the potential efficacy of such systems for targeted drug delivery and their potential impact within the context of pH-sensitive drug delivery systems.
The influence of mechanical treatment of initial reagents on the structural and electrical properties of LiFeO2 ceramics
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lysenko E. N. , Vlasov V. A. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Solovyov N. N. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Surzhikov A. P. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: November 2024

This work investigates the effect of mechanical treatment of initial Fe2O3 and Li2CO3 powders on the structure and electrical properties of lithium ferrite ceramics of the chemical composition LiFeO2. Mechanical treatment was carried out in an AGO-2S ball mill for 60 minutes at a bowl rotation speed of 2220 rpm. Sintering of ceramic samples was carried out in a laboratory furnace at 1050 °C for 1 hour. Using X-ray phase analysis data, it was shown that the introduction of the mechanical treatment of powders leads to a decrease in the concentration of the α-LiFeO2 phase in ferrite ceramics from 97,9 to 93,9 wt.%, as well as an increase in the secondary LiFe5O8 phase from 2,1 to 6,1 wt.%. In this case, during sintering, a more homogeneous and finely porous structure of the samples was formed. Based on the temperature dependences of the electrical conductivity of the samples, it was established that changes in electrical resistance are associated both with the microstructure and with the processes of adsorption-desorption (depending on temperature) of gas from the surrounding atmosphere into ferrite ceramics. The ferrite ceramics obtained by mechanical treatment is of interest for its further use as an adsorption material for carbon oxides.
Features of the use of plasma focus installations in radiation and space materials science
Authors:   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science of RAS, Demin A. S. , Morozov E. V. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science of RAS, Epifanov N. A. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science of RAS, Maslyaev S. A. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science of RAS, Pimenov V. N. ,   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science of RAS
Published: November 2024

The features of the use of Plasma Focus (PF) devices in the field of radiation and space materials science related to the specific generation of several types of radiation in the working chambers of the PF are considered. It is noted that the main role in the damage and modification of the structural state of the surface layers of materials irradiated in the cathode zone of the PF working chamber is played by powerful pulsed beams of working gas ions and flows of high-temperature plasma in the nano- and microsecond range of pulse duration. It is shown that in addition to the common combined beam-plasma effect on a target sample, PF installations allow the possibility of separate irradiation of the target material with ion and plasma flows. Three methods for separating pulsed flows of hot plasma and fast ions in space and time in a PF installation, described in the literature, are presented. It is noted that PF installations are a promising tool for solving fundamental and applied problems in radiation and space materials science, including for simulation experiments focused on problems of thermonuclear energy and aerospace engineering. It is also indicated that hard X-ray pulses with a duration in the nanosecond range, arising from pulsed discharges in the PF chamber, can be used for diagnosing fast processes, in particular for non-destructive flaw detection of machines and mechanisms during their operation.
Comparative Sensitivity Analysis in Composite Material Selection: Evaluating OAT and COMSAM Methods in Multi-criteria Decision-making
Authors:   National Institute of Telecommunications, Szachowa 1, Warsaw, 04-894, Poland, Więckowski Jakub , Sałabun Wojciech ,   National Institute of Telecommunications, Szachowa 1, Warsaw, 04-894, Poland
Published: November 2024

The decision-making process is critical across various fields, influencing essential aspects like performance, safety, and sustainability. In engineering and materials science, selecting suitable materials is a complex process involving multiple interdependent criteria, which impact the reliability and lifecycle of a design. Traditional sensitivity analysis methods, such as the one-at-a-time (OAT) approach, assess the effects of individual parameter changes but often fail to capture the cumulative impact of simultaneous modifications. It can limit the effectiveness of decision tools in real-world scenarios where multiple factors vary concurrently. This study utilizes the Comprehensive Sensitivity Analysis Method (COMSAM) to address limitations in traditional sensitivity analysis by modeling simultaneous parameter adjustments across multiple criteria. Specifically, the study aims to validate COMSAM’s effectiveness in the practical problem of composite material selection, comparing it with the traditional OAT approach within a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework. By integrating both sensitivity analysis techniques with the Characteristic Objects Method (COMET), this research ensures robust evaluation and mitigates vulnerabilities like the rank reversal paradox. The findings demonstrate that COMSAM provides enhanced insights into the impact of parameter interdependencies, offering a more resilient foundation for decision-making in high-stakes environments where material properties and performance are paramount.
Opportunistic Tool Use by Two Unexpected Corvid Species
Authors: Giri Tanita , Garcia-Pelegrin Elias
Published: November 2024

Several corvid species demonstrate various forms of tool use, either in their natural habitats or in controlled laboratory environments. The wide range of genetically related species exhibiting such complex behaviour allows for hypotheses regarding its evolution and the cognitive abilities of their common ancestor. Although there's much debate on the precise definition of tool use, most experts agree it involves using a manipulable object to change another object's physical characteristics through mechanical interactions (Shumaker et al., 2011). This current report details an event where a house crow (Corvus splendens) and a Sunda crow (Corvus enca) entered the research enclosure and spontaneously solved unattended tool-use tasks. House crows have previously been reported to use tools in captivity (Rajan & Balasubramanian, 1989), but this is the first documentation of Sunda crows using tools. We first describe the instance of tool use before briefly exploring what this event suggests about the potential evolution of tool use in this cognitively advanced family of birds.
Written rather than spoken language experience predicts speed of spoken word recognition
Authors: Hintz Florian , Huijsmans Milou , Huettig Falk
Published: November 2024

Cultural experiences can be a powerful influence on human cognition. Here, we asked whether the experience with written language, a human cultural invention, predicts the speed of spoken word recognition beyond any (potential) influence of spoken language experience. Previous research had obtained inconsistent and contradictory results using a variety of experimental methods. Using a large dataset (Hintz et al., 2024a) that is unprecedented in size (number of participants) and depth (number of skills assessed), 613 typically developed native Dutch adults between 18 and 30 years carried out a lexical decision task (ALDT), a standard spoken word recognition task. The task neither involved pictorial input nor sentential processing. Participants listened to Dutch words and nonwords and judged their lexical status as quickly as possible. We performed drift diffusion modelling on the lexical decision response times and focused on drift rate as an indicator for the amount of auditory information that individuals accumulate before deciding on non/words’ lexical status. We hypothesized that participants differed in the quality of their lexical representations due to their spoken and written language experience and thus in how quickly and efficiently these representations can be accessed. Hierarchical regression analyses on participants’ drift rate parameters revealed that written rather than spoken language experience predicts speed of spoken word recognition. Further research could be directed at elucidating the exact mechanisms of these cultural (reading) influences on spoken word recognition.
Which age-related factors moderate the relationship between loneliness and depression in older adults, and what is their effect? A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Thompson Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Objective: To review and synthesise available evidence on ageing-related factors that influence the strength or direction of the relationship between loneliness and depression in older adults.Methods: Systematic review: Four databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Embase, CINAHL) were searched from 2013-2023, using search terms related to ageing, loneliness, depression, factors linked to ageing and moderation analysis.Results: Database searches yielded 8165 individual articles; eight were selected for full text screening and five studies met the inclusion criteria. The moderating factors examined in the included studies were categorised into 3 broad topics: psychological constructs, social network characteristics and health behaviour.Conclusion: More work is needed to confirm these findings and to determine which aspects may be most relevant and effective to pursue as potential intervention mechanisms. This should be done in collaboration with older adults with lived experience of loneliness and depression; with input from health care practitioners and third sector organisations with a focus on ageing and mental health.
Dalla ricerca applicata all’intervento contro la deprivazione alimentare durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Vitale Tommaso , Stasolla Carlo
Published: November 2024

Il paper affronta in modo incisivo l’impatto delle misure anti-COVID su alcune comunità Rom residenti nei villaggi di Roma. Gli autori analizzano le condizioni sociali e sanitarie dei “villaggi” durante i primi giorni di quarantena, evidenziando come l’isolamento abbia esacerbato l’accesso limitato ai servizi essenziali e peggiorato le condizioni economiche e di vita di queste popolazioni già vulnerabili.Utilizzando una metodologia innovativa di interviste telefoniche, resa possibile grazie a un rapporto di fiducia con i residenti, l’Associazione 21 luglio ha raccolto dati preziosi sui problemi quotidiani e sulle misure di auto-tutela adottate dai residenti. L’articolo rivela le gravi carenze nei servizi di base, come l’accesso all’acqua potabile, i dispositivi di protezione e le risorse alimentari, che non solo aggravano le difficoltà materiali ma intensificano anche la segregazione e la marginalità sociale.Le evidenze raccolte spingono a ripensare le politiche pubbliche di emergenza, promuovendo misure che includano la distribuzione di beni di prima necessità e il supporto educativo, soprattutto per i bambini in età scolare privati della didattica a distanza. Gli autori propongono azioni collaborative e incrementali, come programmi di assistenza alimentare per i bambini da 0 a 3 anni, e sottolineano la necessità di contrastare lo stigma e il razzismo nei confronti delle comunità Rom per costruire legami solidali e interdipendenti con la società circostante.Questa ricerca, oltre a offrire una testimonianza sulle dinamiche di esclusione urbana, rappresenta un esempio cruciale di ricerca applicata che ha saputo tradursi in interventi pratici per migliorare la vita delle persone in difficoltà.
Coming of Age: Large Language Models (LLMs) as Cognitive Supports for an Aging Population
Authors: Jakobsen Glenn
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) as tools for cognitive support in aging populations, focusing on their ability to enhance memory, provide task reminders, and facilitate social engagement. As the global population ages, the demand for adaptive technologies that support aging in place increases, while healthcare resources grow increasingly strained. LLMs represent a promising avenue for addressing this gap by offering culturally competent, conversational interfaces capable of supporting cognitive function. Despite current limitations in context retention and response accuracy, advancements in LLM technology could enhance personalization and continuity of care, potentially transforming LLMs into significant companions for older adults experiencing cognitive decline. This paper provides an overview of existing LLM capabilities, the challenges that remain, and a projection of how these models might evolve to meet the growing needs of an aging society.
Mapping Predatory Lending in Historically Redlined Districts in Phoenix, Arizona
Authors: Register Isabella
Published: November 2024

In 2016, historians at the University of Richmond collected records from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and established Mapping Inequality: Redlining in New Deal America Project, a resource allowing users to examine the history of redlining in the United States (Center for the Preservation of Civil Rights Sites, n/a). This online repository contains interactive redlining maps of 225 US Cities (Virginia Tech, 2021) that were used by the HOLC between 1935 and 1940. The objective of my project is to use the collective spatial data from the Mapping Inequality project to map the location of institutions with predatory lending practices (IWPLPs) in historically redlined districts in Phoenix, Arizona.
Use of a critical constructivist, community-engaged approach to understand commercial determinants of breast cancer using online industry documents: The situational scoping method
Authors: Kearns Cristin
Published: November 2024

In the digital age, online industry documents have become an available and abundant source to inform qualitative health research on the commercial determinants of health. I offer the situational scoping method as an approach that applies rigorous and transparent methods to conduct an overview of large databases of industry documents by focusing on specific empirical “situations” as the object of study. It is conducted by a collective of transdisciplinary researchers and community members who shape knowledge production based on their unique experience and opinions about which situations are deemed essential for emancipatory action. The situational scoping method is rooted in a critical constructivist epistemology and consists of three stages: 1) identification of a broad range of external events over time perceived by industries as a threat or opportunity to business interests; 2) selection of a sample of external events for further analysis; and 3) social worlds/arenas mapping of industry responses to selected external events. I describe the epistemological and methodological influences, development, and procedures of the situational scoping method drawing from my experience conducting a pilot study with a project team engaged in scoping of documents related to environmental exposures and breast cancer in the University of California, San Francisco Industry Documents Library, which houses millions of documents produced by the tobacco, opioids, chemical, drug, food, and fossil fuel industries. This method enhances traditional tobacco documents research by engaging a collective or researchers and community members, offering a systematic approach to assessing a large corpus of industry documents, employing visual tools, and providing facilitation and research training. This study advances the use of qualitative methods in industry documents research.
Effectiveness of Coronary Artery Disease Health Education among the patients of Coronary Artery Disease in Tertiary Cardiac Centre
Authors: Dhungana Suraksha , Prajapati Dipanker , Malla Rabi , Dangol Prati Badan , Soti Binita , Thakuri Shanta Singh , Khadka Januka , Kaphle Sangita , Koirala Vidya Joshi , Adhikari Chandra Mani
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims: Secondary prevention of coronary artery disease is vital in preventing the future cardiac events. Inadequate knowledge of the disease is related to non-compliance with the treatment therapy which directly results in disease progression and its complication. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of health education about coronary artery disease among the patients of coronary artery disease in a tertiary cardiac centre.
Methods: A quantitative, prospective, interventional research design was designed to collect the data by non-probability convenience sampling method. Patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease and admitted in different wards of Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre were included. Data was collected from July 2022 to December 2022 in three phases: prior to health education; within 24 hours of health education and after 3 months. A semi structured face to face interview was used to collect data from the patients, which was then filled in the web-based questionnaire and appropriate statistical methods were used for analysis.
Results: A total of 167 patients were enrolled during the study period. Only 145 (86.8%) patients completed the 3rd phase of data collection. There was a significant improvement in patients’ overall knowledge (P value; <.01) as well as knowledge regarding medical (P value; <.01), coronary artery disease risk factors (P value; <.01), exercise (P value; <.01), nutrition (P value; <.01) and psychological risk (P value; <.05). There was a significant improvement (P value; <.01) related to behavior related characteristics like smoking, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption and physical activity. However, correlation between health behaviors and post intervention knowledge showed a non-significant weakly positive relation of knowledge with education (r=.081), whereas there was non-significant weakly negative relation with physical activity (r=-.0126).
Conclusion: The educational intervention has significant improvement in level of knowledge and change in behavior pattern among the patients of coronary artery disease. This study demonstrates that targeted health education programs can lead to significant improvements in knowledge and behavior among coronary artery disease patients, potentially reducing hospital readmission rates and promoting better long-term disease management.
A constant self-consistent scattering lifetime in superconducting strontium ruthenate
Authors: Contreras Pedro L.
Published: November 2024

In this numerical work, we find a self-consistent constant scattering superconducting lifetime for two different values of the disorder parameters, the inverse atomic strength, and the stoichiometric impurity in the triplet paired unconventional super-conductor strontium ruthenate. This finding is relevant for experimentalists given that the expressions for the ultrasound attenuation and the electronic thermal conductivity depend on the superconducting scattering lifetime, and a constant lifetime fits well nonequilibrium experimental data. Henceforth, this work helps experimentalists in their interpretation of the acquired data. Additionally, we encountered tiny imaginary parts of the self-energy that resembles the Miyake-Narikiyo tiny gap out-side the unitary elastic scattering limit, and below the threshold zero gap value of 1.0 meV.
Ab initio investigation of structural, elastic, dynamic, and electronic properties of YN binary rare earth nitride in ZB cubic phase
Authors: Kadri Asma , Sediki Hayet , Hiadsi Said , Elchikh Mokhtar
Published: November 2024

This research employs ab initio calculations, utilizing the FP-LAPW method as implemented in WIEN2k and the PP-PW method in QUANTUM ESPRESSO, within the framework of the GGA-PBE approximation, to investigate the physical properties of the rare earth nitride binary YN. Structural parameters of YN are determined, yielding predictive results consistent with recent calculations. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation into mechanical behavior and elastic properties confirms the mechanical stability of YN in its cubic ZB structure. An analysis of the anisotropy coefficient reveals its elastic anisotropy. The dynamic stability of YN is investigated through PW-scf calculations using DFPT theory, enabling the calculation of phonon spectra, frequencies, and polarization vectors. These findings affirm the stability of YN material in the B3 structure, which can be experimentally synthesized.  Electronic properties are probed, showing semiconductor behavior, utilizing GGA mBJ, and YS PBE0 methods to ascertain band gap values in the B3 structure. This suggests its potential for adoption in optoelectronic and photonic devices.