bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choosing Money Over Meaningful Work: Examining Relative Job Preferences for High Compensation Versus Meaningful Work
Authors: Ward Sarah
Published: April 2023

People sometimes must choose between prioritizing meaningful work or high compensation. Eight studies ( N = 4,177; 7 preregistered) examined the relative importance of meaningful work and salary in evaluations of actual and hypothetical jobs. Although meaningful work and high salaries are both perceived as highly important job attributes when evaluated independently, when presented with tradeoffs between these job attributes, participants consistently preferred high-salary jobs with low meaningfulness over low-salary jobs with high meaningfulness (Studies 1-5). Forecasts of happiness and meaning outside of work helped explain condition differences in job interest (Studies 4 and 5). Extending the investigation toward actual jobs, Studies 6a and 6b showed that people express stronger preferences for higher pay (vs. more meaningful work) in their current jobs. Although meaningful work is a strongly valued job attribute, it may be less influential than salary to evaluations of hypothetical and current jobs.
Event-Oriented Organizational Behavior Research: A Multilevel Review and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Liu Dong , Morgeson Frederick P. , Zhu Jinlong , Fan Xueqing
Published: April 2023

A large and growing body of organizational behavior (OB) research has adopted what can be termed an “event-oriented” perspective. Broadly speaking, this stream of research focuses on discrete, change-oriented events that occur at different hierarchical levels as well as the impact of such events on employee outcomes. This event-oriented OB research stands in contrast to the traditional focus on the enduring features of people and collectives. Although event-oriented OB research has become increasingly prominent and influential, a systematic and integrative review of this important domain has yet to be conducted. Event-oriented OB research has utilized a wide range of theoretical and methodological perspectives, leading to a fragmented and disconnected literature. A synthesis of extant event-oriented OB studies is needed to obtain a more integrated and holistic view of this domain. In the present review, we propose a four-level framework to enhance our understanding of the types of events studied and synthesize insights from event-oriented OB studies. With this understanding and synthesis, we highlight promising theoretical and methodological opportunities for future research. In sum, our review facilitates a more systematic and refined understanding of events and can assist future event-oriented OB research by highlighting novel avenues for theoretical extensions and methodological improvements.
Deplatforming “the people”: media populism, racial capitalism, and the regulation of online reactionary networks
Authors: Van Schenck Reed
Published: April 2023

This essay contributes to a materialist theory of media populism by criticizing America First, an influential U.S. American reactionary live-stream hosted by Nicholas J. Fuentes, and its Groyper fans. Fuentes has expanded his online presence despite the deplatforming, or administrative suspension, of his social media accounts on account of his antisemitic, antiblack, and sexist hate speech. To understand the ideological ramifications of deplatforming populist influencers, I read clips from America First into the economic and infrastructural context of U.S. far-right subcultures. I argue that media studies must attend to bourgeois digital platform management as a technology which reproduces the undemocratic conditions of racial capitalism. The deplatforming of Fuentes facilitates the ascent of reactionary populism by reinforcing possessive individualism, or a white masculine fantasy of unmediated access to the public. “The people” of populism functions as media whose lost presence naturalizes sovereign violence against marginalized people. Media populism illustrates the need for to move beyond the dichotomy of “mainstream” versus “fringe” platforms to consider the material affinity of bourgeois digital publics and white nationalist provocation.
The humanism of critical theory: The Frankfurt School’s ‘realer humanismus’
Authors: Nilsson Alice
Published: April 2023

Theodor Adorno has been quoted as responding to the Humanist Union stating ‘I might possibly be willing to join if your club had been called an inhuman union, but I could not join one that calls itself “humanist”’. Adorno’s opposition to forms of humanism (both liberal and Marxist) which posit the existence of our humanity is reflected in readings of The Frankfurt Institute’s history such as that produced by Martin Jay. While this is the case, one of Adorno’s highly admired students, Alfred Schmidt, commemorated his teacher by proclaiming him a ‘philosopher of Real Humanism’. In categorising Adorno’s work as embodying a ‘Real Humanism’, Schmidt points towards an understanding and orientation towards the human (and our understanding of it) which cannot be accurately characterised through the philosophies of Humanism and Anti-Humanism as oppositional viewpoints. Rather, the Real Humanism of Adorno (as well as some of his fellow travellers) understands the human as the negative image of our currently existing society’s inhumanity, and urges us to take an ethical orientation towards the constitution of the human through the abolition of our inhumanity. If we, like Adorno, are to believe in the new categorical imperative that we must make sure ‘that Auschwitz never repeats itself, so that nothing similar ever happen[s] again’, then we must fundamentally orient ourselves towards the goal of ‘real humanism’ – a society free from the domination of ourselves and the other.
Early-Onset albuminuria and Associated Renal Pathology in Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 Knockout Rats
Authors: Gu Yi-Zhong , Vlasakova Katerina , Miller Glen , Gatto Nicholas T. , Ciaccio Paul J. , Kuruvilla Sabu , Besteman Elizabeth G. , Smith Roger , Reynolds Spencer J. , Amin Rupesh P. , Glaab Warren E. , Wollenberg Gordon , Lebron Jose , Sistare Frank D.
Published: April 2023

Activating mutations of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 ( LRRK2) gene are associated with Parkinson disease (PD), prompting development of LRRK2 inhibitors as potential treatment for PD. However, kidney safety concerns have surfaced from LRRK2 knockout (KO) mice and rats and from repeat-dose studies in rodents administered LRRK2 inhibitors. To support drug development of this therapeutic target, we conducted a study of 26 weeks’ duration in 2-month-old wild-type and LRRK2 KO Long-Evans Hooded rats to systematically examine the performance of urinary safety biomarkers and to characterize the nature of the morphological changes in the kidneys by light microscopy and by ultrastructural evaluation. Our data reveal the time course of early-onset albuminuria at 3 and 4 months in LRRK2 KO female and male rats, respectively. The increases in urine albumin were not accompanied by concurrent increases in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, or renal safety biomarkers such as kidney injury molecule 1 or clusterin, although morphological alterations in both glomerular and tubular structure were identified by light and transmission electron microscopy at 8 months of age. Diet optimization with controlled food intake attenuated the progression of albuminuria and associated renal changes.
Assessment of the relationship between C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and late-term mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Artac Inanc , Omar Timor , Karakayali Muammer , Ilis Dogan , Karabag Yavuz , Rencuzogullari Ibrahim
Published: April 2023

Objective

In recent years, an increasing number of evidences suggests that inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism. Although the association between inflammatory markers and pulmonary embolism prognosis has been previously reported, no studies have investigated the ability of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, defined as an inflammation-based prognostic score, to predict death in patients experiencing a pulmonary embolism.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included 223 patients experiencing a pulmonary embolism. The study population was divided into two groups according to their C-reactive protein/albumin ratio values and analyzed whether the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio was an independent predictor of late-term mortality. Then, the performance of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio in predicting patients’ outcomes was further compared with its components.

Results

Out of 223 patients, death was observed in 57 patients (25.60%) during an average follow-up of 18 months (range: 8–26). The average C-reactive protein/albumin ratio was 0.12 (0.06–0.44). The group with a higher C-reactive protein/albumin ratio was older and had a higher troponin level and simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index score. Independent predictors of late-term mortality were found to be C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (hazard ratio: 1.594, 95% CI: 1.003–2.009; p < 0.001), cardiopulmonary disease, simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index score and fibrinolytic therapy. Receiver operating characteristic curve comparisons for both 30-day and late-term mortality demonstrated that the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio was a better predictor than both albumin and C-reactive protein, separately.

Conclusion

The present study revealed that the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio is an independent predictor of both 30-day and late-term mortality in patients experiencing a pulmonary embolism. As a marker that can be easily obtained, and calculated, and does not require additional costs C-reactive protein/albumin ratio can be an effective parameter used for prognosis estimation of pulmonary embolism.
“Bridging the Gap” international ECLS training and simulation - evaluation of the 10th educational corner on EuroELSO congress 2022 in London, United Kingdom
Authors: Cvetkovic Mirjana , Antonini Marta V , Rosenberg Alex , Meadows Christopher IS , Dąbrowski Marek , Puslecki Mateusz , Fawzy Hassan Ibrahim , Fowles Jo-Anne , O’Callaghan Maura , Stefaniak Sebastian , Riera Jordi , Barrett Nicholas A , Bělohlávek Jan , Di Nardo Matteo , Hoskote Aparna , Swol Justyna
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Simulation training offers an authentic team-based learning opportunity without risk to real patients. The Educational Corner at the annual congress of the European Branch of Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation (EuroELSO) provided an opportunity for multiple simulation training sessions facilitated by experts from all over the world.

Aim: We aimed to review the educational impact of EuroELSO Educational Corner and whether it provides a quality ECLS training to a wide spectrum of multidisciplinary international attendees utilising high and low fidelity simulation, workshops and hands on sessions.

Methods: During the congress, 43 sessions were conducted dedicated to ECLS education with identified educational objectives. The sessions focused on management of adults and children on V-V or V-A ECMO. Adult sessions covered emergencies on mechanical circulatory support with management of LVAD and Impella, managing refractory hypoxemia on V-V ECMO, emergencies on ECMO, renal replacement therapy on ECMO, V-V ECMO, ECPR cannulation and performing perfect simulation. Paediatric sessions covered ECPR neck and central cannulation, renal replacement on ECMO, troubleshooting, cannulation workshop, V-V recirculation, ECMO for single ventricle, PIMS-TS and CDH, ECMO transport and neurological injury.

Results: The Educational Corner was attended by more than 400 participants over the two congress days. Majority of responders (88%) reported that training sessions met the set educational goals and objectives and that this would change their current practice. Almost all (94%) reported that they received useful information and 95% would recommend the session to their colleagues.

Conclusion: The Educational Corner, as an integral component of the annual EuroELSO congress, achieved the set educational goals and provided quality education based on the recipient survey. Structured multidisciplinary ECLS education with standardised curriculum and feedback is an important key step in delivering quality training to an international audience. Standardisation of European ECLS education remains an important focus of the EuroELSO.
Night-time surgery for type a aortic dissection: Immediate or delaying?
Authors: Sichong Qian , Hong Liu , Shipan Wang , Yuan Xue , Haiyang Li , Hongjia Zhang
Published: April 2023

Objectives

This study aims to investigate whether surgery performed during night compared with daytime were associated with an increased risk of operative mortality of type A aortic dissection (TAAD) patients.

Methods

A total of 2015 TAAD patients who underwent surgical repair were collected from two cardiovascular centers from Jan 2015 to Jan 2021. According to the start time of surgery, patients were divided into daytime group (06:01 a.m. to 06:00 p.m.) and night-time group (06:01 p.m. to 06:00 a.m.), and retrospective analyses were performed between them.

Results

The operative mortality of night-time group (12.2%, 43/352) was dramatically higher than daytime group (6.9%, 115/1663; p = 0.001). There was significant difference between night-time and daytime groups in terms of 30-days mortality (5.8% vs 10.8%; p = 0.001) and in-hospital mortality (3.5% vs 6.0%; p = 0.03). The night-time group had a longer duration of intensive care unit stay (4 vs two; days; p < 0.001) and ventilation support (34 vs 19; hours; p < 0.001), compared with daytime group. The risk factors for operative mortality were night-time surgery (odds ratio [OR], 1.545; p = 0.027), age (odds ratio, 1.152; p < 0.001), total arch replacement (OR, 2.265; p < 0.001) and previous aortic surgery (OR, 2.376; p = 0.003).

Conclusion

Night-time surgical repair may be associated with higher operative mortality of patients with TAAD. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to offer emergency surgery at night-time for such patients who were more likely to present disastrous complications with delayed surgical intervention, as outcomes indicate acceptable operative mortality.
Reliability of T2-weighted signal intensity-based quantitative measurements and visual grading of lumbar disc degeneration on MRI
Authors: Murto Niko , Luoma Katariina , Lund Teija , Kerttula Liisa
Published: April 2023

Background

Decrease in signal intensity (SI) of the nucleus pulposus (NP) on T2-weighted (T2W) images, a sign of disc degeneration (DD), is usually graded based on an observer's image interpretation. No gold standard for quantitative assessment of NP SI exists to date.

Purpose

To compare different quantitative methods and visual gradings of lumbar DD and to evaluate the ability of the quantitative methods to differentiate DD grades.

Material and Methods

The mean SI of 95 lumbar discs was measured from sagittal T2W images using three regions of interest (ROI): the whole disc, ellipsoid ROI on the NP, and targeted ROI on the most homogenous, brightest area of the NP. SI values were adjusted with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) SI and compared with vertebral bone SI-adjusted values. DD was evaluated with Pfirrmann grading and visual grading of NP SI. Intra- and inter-observer agreements and relationships between measurements and visual gradings were assessed.

Results

Repeatability of all measurements was excellent. All measurements had a strong correlation with Pfirrmann grading and visual NP SI grading, and the CSF SI-adjusted values had a stronger correlation than the vertebral bone SI-adjusted values. The SI values obtained with the targeted ROI had the most significant differences between visual DD grades.

Conclusion

Quantitative measurement of the NP SI provides a reliable method for evaluating lumbar DD. Targeted selection of the NP structures included in the measurement offers the best differentiation of DD grades. A reliable quantitative method for DD evaluation is needed for the development of machine-learning-based DD classification.
Risk factors for conversion from endoscopic resection to laparoscopic resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Liu Luojie , Xu Xiaodan , Ye Ye , Shi Dongtao , Li Rui , Chen Weichang
Published: April 2023

Objective

Endoscopic resection (ER) of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gGISTs) is a commonly used treatment; however, it is associated with a risk of conversion to laparoscopic resection (LR). This study was performed to identify factors influencing conversion from ER to LR and the effects of conversion on outcomes.

Methods

The clinicopathological features of patients treated for gGISTs from March 2010 to May 2021 were retrospectively collected. Endpoints included the determination of risk factors associated with LR conversion, with comparisons of surgical outcomes with and without conversion. Propensity score matching was performed to compare the two groups.

Results

In total, 371 gGISTs were analyzed. Sixteen patients required conversion from ER to LR. Propensity score matching demonstrated that invasion depth (muscularis propria with exophytic growth) and gGIST size (≥3 cm) were independent risk factors for conversion to LR. The procedure duration (median, 160.5 vs. 60.0 minutes), postoperative hospitalization duration (median, 8 vs. 6 days), and postoperative fasting duration (median, 5 vs. 3 days) were significantly longer in patients who underwent conversion to LR.

Conclusions

Accurate preoperative measurements of tumor size and invasion depth may help determine more appropriate surgical approaches for patients with gGISTs.
Emergency surgery for a patient with a thoracic spinal epidural abscess: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Sanbiao , Mei Shengqian , Huang Libin , Liu Junhui , Chen Yilei , Huang Bao , Zhao Fengdong
Published: April 2023

A man in his early 40s visited the Emergency Department because of no motor function in his lower limbs for 10 hours. Magnetic resonance imaging of his thoracic spine showed that the thoracic spinal canal (T2–T6) was occupied, and the thoracic spinal cord was compressed. In view of the severe symptoms, we quickly completed preoperative preparations and performed a thoracic laminectomy within 24 hours of paralysis of both lower limbs. Postoperatively, the patient underwent rehabilitation exercise. Four weeks later, the patient’s lower limbs had full 5/5 strength. We reviewed the related literature to summarize the clinical guidelines with spinal surgeons. Timely diagnosis of thoracic spinal epidural abscess, early surgical treatment, and anti-infection management and rehabilitation exercise are essential for the full recovery of lower limb muscle strength.
Financial geography I: The state-finance nexus
Authors: Lai Karen PY
Published: April 2023

In the first of my reports on financial geography, I focus on a growing body of work that engages with the state as a vital and strategic actor in financial markets and in the global economy. After the 2008 global financial crisis, austerity measures and impacts on public finance have reshaped local-central government relationships with increasing use of financial instruments and market solutions. The growing prominence of sovereign wealth funds, shifting roles of national development banks and central banks, and impacts of currency internationalisation are raising questions about new forms of financial statecraft and opportunities for changing configurations of global hegemony. Taken together, a renewed engagement with a political economic lens and focus on state-finance relations illuminate the changing positionalities of economies and financial actors in the spatial organisation of international financial and monetary relations.
Practical Tool for the Design and Cost Optimization of Permeable Pavements in the Planning Stage of Stormwater Management
Authors: Biessan Don Guy V. V. , Bowers Benjamin F. , O’Donnell Frances C. , Vasconcelos Jose G. , Ellis J. Ross
Published: April 2023

To address issues created by increased stormwater runoff, there is growing interest in sustainable tools such as permeable pavement (PP), which is a green infrastructure (GI) practice. This paper outlines the development and application of a design tool called the “cost optimization tool for permeable pavements (COTPP).” This tool aims to help states, municipalities, and consultants design PPs using reliable hydrological and structural pavement design methods. The COTPP uses a cost optimization algorithm similar to a heuristic search that helps identify which combination of PPs, conventional pavement, and other GIs provides the most economic value. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the tool, which consisted of designing the three main types of PP using varying design inputs and comparing the COTPP’s results to results from an existing design tool or guidelines. The average percent differences between the COTPP’s results and that of other methods were below 10% for the structural designs and around 15% for the hydrological designs. The differences were caused by the use of a safety factor in the hydrological design and other adjustments to design methods. It was concluded that the tool is reliable and can be confidently used by designers. The tool was then used for a representative case study site (PP parking lot) in which the actual design and cost estimates of on-site components were known. The COTPP was able to identify other design alternatives that helped reduce the actual construction cost of the existing parking lot from $305,918 to as low as $238,790.
Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites Using Combined Systems of Fly Ash and Post-Processed Bagasse Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: Subedi Sujata , Hassan Marwa M. , Arce Gabriel A. , Barbato Michele , Noorvand Hassan , Mohammad Louay
Published: April 2023

This study assessed the viability of utilizing post-processed bagasse ash (PBA) along with Class F fly ash (FA) to partially replace cement in engineered cementitious composites (ECCs). Field-collected sugarcane bagasse ash was processed by sieving, burning, and grinding to produce PBA. Cement replacement with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) was kept constant at 60% (by mass) in all composites. However, the composition of the SCMs was varied as follows: (1) 100%FA as control; (2) 75%FA/25%PBA; (3) 50%FA/50%PBA; (4) 25%FA/75%PBA; and (5) 100%PBA. Fresh and hardened properties of the composites were evaluated through a flow table, uniaxial tensile tests, surface resistivity, and compressive strength. Furthermore, single-crack tensile tests were conducted to evaluate fiber-bridging properties, and fracture toughness tests were conducted to determine fracture toughness. Results showed that the incorporation of PBA decreased workability. Furthermore, using PBA produced a negligible impact on the compressive strength, yet significant improvements in surface resistivity. Whereas the tensile strain capacity of the composites decreased for PBA contents greater than 25%, the tensile strength was not significantly affected. The decrease in ductility was mainly attributed to the decrease in pseudo-strain-hardening performance indexes. Overall, results suggest that producing ECCs using combined systems of FA and PBA as partial cement replacement is feasible. Yet, achieving high ductility of the composites is challenging when utilizing high content of PBA (i.e., more than 25% of FA replaced with PBA by mass).
Pack Rust Mitigation Strategies for Flange Splice Connections in Steel Bridges
Authors: Somarriba Edgar Oscary Soriano , Bowman Mark D.
Published: April 2023

One of the main causes of infrastructure deterioration is corrosion. Different types of corrosion such as surface and pitting corrosion have been researched and addressed by industry. However, pack rust is another type of corrosion that requires attention because of its complexity and lack of research. Pack rust occurs between overlapping plates, which makes it difficult to remove and treat. A previous survey in the State of Indiana highlighted that a significant number of steel bridges exhibit some level of pack rust in the bottom flange of splice connections. Consequently, this study focuses on evaluating mitigation strategies that can delay further development of pack rust at the interface between the connected elements in a typical tension splice. Additionally, this study also examines the effects of pack rust on the tensile strength of a flange splice connection. The ultimate goal is to develop a series of guidelines that can be implemented in the field to address pack rust. To accomplish this, specimens were created to model the bottom splice connection. These specimens were exposed to a corrosive environment for different periods, and later tested under tension to evaluate any strength reduction. The level of pack rust developed in this study, which correlates to an exposure in the field of 20 to 40 years, increased the slip resistance of the specimens tested and did not decrease the ultimate strength. Finally, out of the three mitigation products tested, two had satisfactory results that merit further research and field testing.
Effects of Personal Driving Styles on Preference for Fully Automated Driving and Their Heterogeneity by Travel Distance: A Hybrid Choice Model Approach with Multiple-Stated-Choice Experiments
Authors: Lee Euntak , Lee Jaehyung , Yun Jaewoong , Kim Jinhee
Published: April 2023

As individuals have different thoughts about automated driving (AD) vehicles, the gap between their manual driving (MD) styles and their expected AD styles would affect their willingness to ride AD vehicles. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of personal driving styles on AD preference and the variations of these effects by travel distance. To identify latent driving styles and their effects simultaneously, we developed a hybrid choice model using sequential stated-choice data from an online survey administered to 511 respondents in South Korea in 2019. The latent driving styles were classified as impatient, over-nervous, and cautious driving styles. The results significantly show that individuals of each style prefer AD vehicles in different situations. Impatient drivers, who are concerned about travel delays, rarely worry about the driving mode if it drives them faster. Over-nervous drivers, who lack confidence in their driving skills, tend to trust AD technology, regardless of the travel distance. Cautious drivers, who are mindful of their surroundings, prefer AD when traveling relatively short distances. The elasticities of the travel time and cost show that the driving styles have impacts on the AD preference. Moreover, the results of value of time (VoT) for AD have been estimated to differ by travel distance. The results of this study have identified the effects of personal driving styles on AD preference, providing valuable insights that can be used to improve AD vehicle related policies and marketing strategies (such as implementing price discrimination by travel distance and lowering the overall price of AD vehicles), which may increase the market share of AD vehicles.
Understanding Adoption as a Reproductive Justice Issue
Authors: Wexler Jade H. , Cai Jieyi , McKee Kimberly D. , Blankenau Amelia , Lee Heewon , Kim Oh Myo , Kim Adam Y. , Lee Richard M.
Published: April 2023

Adoption is frequently invoked as a universal social good—an uncomplicated win for adoptees, adoptive parents, and birth parents alike—that obviates the need for abortion. As antiabortionists weaponize adoption to attack reproductive rights, psychologists must recognize adoption as a key reproductive justice issue with significant, lifelong physical and psychological impacts, especially on adopted people and birth parents. Recognizing critical adoption studies as an application of a reproductive justice framework, we argue that psychologists must understand how adoption is both sustained by and reinforces structural inequality and global reproductive injustice. In a post- Roe reality, clinicians and researchers must critically examine adoption histories and myths in order to address the needs of the adoption triad. As an interdisciplinary team of researchers and clinicians in psychology; medicine; genetic counseling; and women's, gender, sexuality, and Asian American studies, we examine adoption's ties to settler colonialism, racism, classism, and imperialism and interrogate harmful dominant narratives about adoption. We then summarize clinical considerations for working with members of the adoption triad, future directions for research on adoption, and recommendations for both clinicians and researchers to advance adoption competence in the face of current attacks on reproductive rights in the United States.
When Is Populism Good for Liberal Democracy?
Authors: Pacewicz Josh
Published: April 2023

Debates over populism pit those who see it as dangerous for liberal democracy against those who view it as necessary for mobilizing the marginalized. This article flips the question and asks whether and how populist rhetoric supports liberal democracy. I synthesize accounts of voting behavior, poststructural Marxism, and pragmatism to develop a cognitive theory of populist resonance focused on how people use rhetoric to solve conceptual problems and illustrate it with interviews from the American Rust Belt during the Obama elections. In the main, voters use populist rhetoric to simplify political decisions when cross-pressured. Therefore, many traditional partisans, who saw party politics as rooted in blue- and white-collar identities, routinely made populist claims to sideline anti-pluralist appeals, whereas those alienated from politics were given to illiberalism. The analysis provides micro-sociological foundations for the intuition that populism is democratically functional in a stable party system, whereas illiberal populism is a symptom of enfeebled political parties.
Accuracy of Information and References Using ChatGPT-3 for Retrieval of Clinical Radiological Information
Authors: Wagner Matthias W. , Ertl-Wagner Birgit B.
Published: April 2023

Purpose: To assess the accuracy of answers provided by ChatGPT-3 when prompted with questions from the daily routine of radiologists and to evaluate the text response when ChatGPT-3 was prompted to provide references for a given answer. Methods: ChatGPT-3 (San Francisco, OpenAI) is an artificial intelligence chatbot based on a large language model (LLM) that has been designed to generate human-like text. A total of 88 questions were submitted to ChatGPT-3 using textual prompt. These 88 questions were equally dispersed across 8 subspecialty areas of radiology. The responses provided by ChatGPT-3 were assessed for correctness by cross-checking them with peer-reviewed, PubMed-listed references. In addition, the references provided by ChatGPT-3 were evaluated for authenticity. Results: A total of 59 of 88 responses (67%) to radiological questions were correct, while 29 responses (33%) had errors. Out of 343 references provided, only 124 references (36.2%) were available through internet search, while 219 references (63.8%) appeared to be generated by ChatGPT-3. When examining the 124 identified references, only 47 references (37.9%) were considered to provide enough background to correctly answer 24 questions (37.5%). Conclusion: In this pilot study, ChatGPT-3 provided correct responses to questions from the daily clinical routine of radiologists in only about two thirds, while the remainder of responses contained errors. The majority of provided references were not found and only a minority of the provided references contained the correct information to answer the question. Caution is advised when using ChatGPT-3 to retrieve radiological information.
Party Nomination Strategies in Flexible-List PR: Which Candidate Characteristics Lead to Realistic Positions?
Authors: Dvořák Petr , Pink Michal
Published: April 2023

This article addresses the candidate selection process for realistic list positions with regard to multiple-office holding and personal characteristics in flexible-list proportional representation (PR) systems within the Czech context. More specifically, this issue is explored in the 2006–2017 elections to the Czech Chamber of Deputies. Results of binary logistic regression analysis with observations clustered by party or constituency indicate that incumbents (with or without multiple office holding) stand a significantly higher probability of being selected as a realistic candidate. This probability increases only if the incumbent also has the regional mandate. The results also show that candidates with a PhD degree or higher, with a higher public office position, at the age of forty-one to fifty years, or with residence in a regional capital or in Prague have a significant probability of being selected as a realistic candidate. A specific gender bias was also found.
Socioeconomic, Disease Burden, Physical Functioning, Psychosocial, and Environmental Factors Associated With Mortality Among Older Adults: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil)
Authors: Macinko James , Beltrán-Sánchez Hiram , Mambrini Juliana Vaz de Melo , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

There is little nationally representative information about factors associated with longevity among older Brazilians.

Methods:

Baseline survey data from the Brazilian longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) were linked to vital statistics systems. Mortality rates and life expectancy estimates were calculated and compared to official sources. Cox Proportional Hazards models and Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs) identified significant predictors of mortality. Results: Calculated mortality rates and life expectancy estimates were similar to official statistics for most ages with higher risk of death among older ages, as expected. High School completion, being partnered, and female sex were negatively associated with mortality, while being underweight, previous diagnosis of a chronic condition, having any functional limitations, poor self-rated health, low grip strength, and smoking were all associated with higher mortality risk. Discussion: The ELSI-Brazil study has potential to identify factors associated with longevity and to inform programs and policies designed to enhance healthy aging among older adults in Brazil.
Citizens’ strategic responses to affective governance in China
Authors: Wu Jie , Chen Hanyu
Published: April 2023

Previous studies on affective governance (情感治理) emphasize how the state has regulated and manipulated citizens’ emotions and psychology. This article, however, shows a different political landscape in which citizens employ emotional strategies to persuade and bargain with the government. Drawing on intensive fieldwork conducted in China from 2019 to 2020, we find that citizens deploy targeted emotional strategies to advance specific interests such as building reciprocal relations with the government, arousing political elites’ empathy, or addressing their most urgent needs. We argue that the government’s deliberate use of affective governance has, on the one hand, unexpectedly revealed and reinforced the conflict between the positive emotions that the state has attempted to exhibit and citizens’ daily experiences and, on the other hand, increased positive feelings towards the government’s efficacy in addressing citizens’ grievances. Taking rare disease patient groups as an example, this article maps and compares three main emotional strategies adopted by civil society in China, namely gratefulness, sadfishing, and dissent. By deciphering these emotional strategies, this article helps us understand the emotional synergy between state and society and sheds new light on the governance of China.
The age of subsidiarity? The ECtHR’s approach to the admissibility requirement that applicants raise their Convention complaint before domestic courts
Authors: Glas Lize R.
Published: April 2023

The Copenhagen Declaration (2018) welcomed European Court of Human Rights (Court) ‘continued strict and consistent’ application of the admissibility criteria, ‘including by requiring applicants to be more diligent in raising their Convention complaints domestically’ when exhausting domestic remedies. This article answers the question whether the Court has indeed required applicants to be more diligent in this respect. The answer contributes to a body of academic research studying to what extent and how the Court has developed the subsidiarity principle. Additionally, the answer is of great practical relevance to applicants and their representatives, because they may have to change how they plead their case before the domestic courts with a view to bringing a complaint in Strasbourg. The case-law analysis performed in this article shows that, in some recent rulings, which mainly hailed from the UK, the Court has indeed required applicants to be more diligent in raising their Convention complaints domestically. However, the Court does not maintain this stricter line consistently.
The democratic quality of co-creation: A theoretical exploration
Authors: Ansell Christopher , Sørensen Eva , Torfing Jacob
Published: April 2023

This article aims to initiate a conversation about the democratic quality of co-creation. There is growing interest in co-creation as a tool for mobilizing societal resources, enhancing creative problem-solving, and building broad-based ownership for public solutions. While researchers have focused on the contribution of co-creation to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of public governance, few researchers have discussed the democratic quality of co-creation. This lacuna is filled by exploring the democratic contribution of co-creation through a comparison with well-known forms of democracy. The claim is that the democratic quality of co-creation lies in its ability to empower lay actors to take part in cross-boundary collaboration that may lead to creative problem-solving and to the exercise of a shared power based on joint agreements about innovative public value outcomes. The article is mainly theoretical and engaged in prospective analysis but also draws on empirical examples to illustrate the theoretical points.
The critique of social reason in the Popper–Adorno debate
Authors: Reynolds Iaan
Published: April 2023

This article examines the differences and affinities between Karl Popper's critical rationalism and Theodor Adorno's critical theory through renewed attention to the original documents of their 1961 debate. While commentaries often describe the Popper–Adorno encounter as a theoretical disappointment, I reveal a confrontation between conceptually opposed programs of social research. Though both theorists are committed to critique as a political and epistemological struggle for human freedom, their conceptions of this struggle are starkly different. In the original seminar papers, we find a conflict between critique as a practice of social rationality (Popper) and a critique of social rationality itself (Adorno). The versions of critical rationalism and critical theory meeting in this debate thus emphasize opposite dimensions of a reflexive practice of immanent critique. In closing, I suggest dissolving this conceptual tension by recovering the educational orientation of critique.
Was Thomas Hobbes the first biopolitical thinker?
Authors: Lindholm Samuel
Published: April 2023

Thomas Hobbes's name often comes up as scholars debate the history of biopower, which regulates the biological life of individual bodies and entire populations. This article examines whether and to what extent Hobbes may be regarded as the first biopolitical philosopher. I investigate this question by performing a close reading of Hobbes's political texts and by comparing them to some of the most influential theories on biopolitics proposed by Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Roberto Esposito, and others. Hobbes is indeed the first great thinker to assert the supreme political importance of safeguarding life. Furthermore, this prominence of non-contemplative life is not limited to mere survival but also seeks to allow for the people's happiness. This may indeed allow us to consider him as the first biopolitical philosopher, at least in some limited capacity. However, the Englishman's biopolitical stance lacks the practical aspects seen in examples of ‘properly modern’ biopolitics. Moreover, peoples’ lives were already governed radically in antiquity. I argue that Hobbes's biopolitical system was, therefore, minimal in the sense of a ‘biopolitical nightwatchman state’. However, he acted as an undeniable catalyst to the ‘properly biopolitical era of modernity’, when mundane life and happiness became the explicit main objects of virtually all politics.
A 2600-yr multiproxy record for climate and vegetation reconstruction along the Mahanadi River delta, east coast of India
Authors: Samal Pujarini , Subramanian Saradambal Ramchandaran , Srivastava Jyoti , Kawsar Masud , Manoj Madhusudanan Chandrika , Gurumurthy Gundiga Puttojirao , Chauhan Mohd Munazir , Ali Sajid , Alam Mahboob , Sharma Anupam , Jena Partha Sarathi , Shivam Ajay , Bhushan Ravi
Published: April 2023

Understanding the impact of climate change on the vegetation cover in the past is crucial for predicting the future warming scenario and its consequences. The present study integrates biotic (palynological analysis) and abiotic proxy (sediment chemistry, clay mineral assemblages and grain size end member (EM) analysis) records in a chronologically constrained sedimentary sequence from the southeastern part of the Mahanadi River delta to reconstruct the hydroclimate since 2600 years. The Mahanadi delta sediments are primarily derived from felsic rock source possibly composed of granites or granulites. The dominance of herbaceous taxa, high aridity index and deposition of fine grain (EM1) sediment possibly suggest a relatively cold and dry climate in the study region during ~2600–2100 cal yr BP corresponding to the Iron Age Cold Period (IACP). Presence of diverse mangrove and tree taxa, deposition of coarser sediment (EM3) and relatively high abundance of secondary clay minerals possibly indicate high precipitation associated with the Roman Warm Period (RWP, ~2100–1800 cal yr BP). A decline in mangroves, dominance of herbaceous taxa and high deposition of fine grain (EM2) sediment from ~1800 to 1300 cal yr BP may indicate a relatively drier climate coinciding with the Dark Age Cold Period (DACP). High moisture index and an increased value of Rb/Sr during ~1300 cal yr BP may suggest a wet phase with the onset of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA) and later shifted to an arid climate during ~1100–800 cal yr BP. After ~800 cal yr BP, a sharp decline in all weathering indices and vegetation cover, dominance of illite indicates a relatively dry climate which could mark the Little Ice Age (LIA, ~800–300 cal yr BP). A small increase in the terrestrial flux, as well as the weathering indices after ~300 cal yr BP, may suggest the onset of recent warming.
Mapping of the Human Amniotic Membrane: In Situ Detection of Microvesicles Secreted by Amniotic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Basile Mariangela , Centurione Lucia , Passaretta Francesca , Stati Gianmarco , Soritau Olga , Susman Sergiu , Gindraux Florelle , Silini Antonietta , Parolini Ornella , Di Pietro Roberta
Published: April 2023

The potential clinical applications of human amniotic membrane (hAM) and human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) in the field of regenerative medicine have been known in literature since long. However, it has yet to be elucidated whether hAM contains different anatomical regions with different plasticity and differentiation potential. Recently, for the first time, we highlighted many differences in terms of morphology, marker expression, and differentiation capabilities among four distinct anatomical regions of hAM, demonstrating peculiar functional features in hAEC populations. The aim of this study was to investigate in situ the ultrastructure of the four different regions of hAM by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to deeply understand their peculiar characteristics and to investigate the presence and localization of secretory products because to our knowledge, there are no similar studies in the literature. The results of this study confirm our previous observations of hAM heterogeneity and highlight for the first time that hAM can produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) in a heterogeneous manner. These findings should be considered to increase efficiency of hAM applications within a therapeutic context.
Philosophy of Perception in the Psychologist’s Laboratory
Authors: Morales Jorge , Firestone Chaz
Published: April 2023

Perception is our primary means of accessing the external world. What is the nature of this core mental process? Although this question is at the center of scientific research on perception, it has also long been explored by philosophers, who ask fundamental questions about our capacity to perceive: Do our different senses represent the world in commensurable ways? How much of our environment are we aware of at one time? Which aspects of perception are “objective” and which “subjective”? What properties count as perceptual in the first place? Although these parallel research programs typically proceed independently in contemporary scholarship, previous eras recognized more active collaboration across philosophical and scientific approaches to perception. Here, we review an emerging research focus that aims to reunite these approaches by putting long-standing philosophical questions to empirical test. Unlike more general philosophical inspiration, this work draws a direct line from prominent philosophical conjectures or thought experiments about perception to key tests in the laboratory—such that the relevant experimental work would not (and even could not) have proceeded as it did without the preceding philosophical discussion. Finally, we explore themes arising from these interactions and point to further philosophical questions that might be amenable to empirical approaches.
Breastfeeding and Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Becker de Oliveira Luiza , Fonseca-Souza Gabriela , Rolim Tatiane Zahn Cardoso , Scariot Rafaela , Feltrin-Souza Juliana
Published: April 2023

Objective

To evaluate the association between cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) and breastfeeding (BF).

Design

A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed based on studies published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, BBO, and Embase databases, and in the gray literature. The search occurred in September 2021 and was updated in March 2022. Observational studies evaluating the association between BF and CL/P were included. Risk of bias was analyzed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Frequency of BF in relation to the presence or absence of CL/P, as well as to the type of CL/P. The association between cleft type and BF challenges was also evaluated.

Results

From a total of 6863 studies identified, 29 were included in the qualitative review. Risk of bias was moderate and high in most studies (n = 26). There was a significant association between the presence of CL/P and absence of BF (OR = 18.08; 95% CI 7.09–46.09). Individuals with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L) had a significantly lower frequency of BF (OR = 5.93; 95% CI 4.30–8.16) and a significantly higher frequency of BF challenges (OR = 13.55; 95% CI 4.91–37.43) compared to individuals with CL. Certainty of the evidence was low or very low in all analyses.

Conclusion

The presence of clefts, especially those with palate involvement, is associated with higher chances of absence of BF.