bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MitomiRs: The Role of Mitochondrial miRNAs in Regulating Radiation-Induced Cellular Senescence
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Ibragimova M.A. , Kussainova A.A. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Aripova A.A. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Bersimbaev R.I. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Bulgakova O.V. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: November 2024

The problem of human exposure to ionizing radiation has attracted increasing attention in various scientific fields. Recently, a substantial amount of data has been collected on the age-related risks associated with radiation exposure, which has enabled researchers to uncover the relationship between ionizing radiation and cellular senescence. This has led to the search for cellular targets of radiation, with mitochondria being one of the identified targets. Ionizing radiation causes mitochondrial dysfunction and the emergence of a characteristic age-related phenotype in cells, including increased ROS production, SASP development, changes in the epigenetic profile, and genomic instability. Mitochondrial dysfunction is often underestimated as a crucial hallmark of cellular senescence, and its underlying mechanisms are extensive and complex. In particular, mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs) that regulate mitochondrial gene expression, and consequently, the function and dynamics of the organelles themselves, are of particular interest. Considering that mitomiRs are highly sensitive to even minor disturbances arising from irradiation, resulting in significant changes in their expression, they may serve as promising biomarkers of radiation exposure. In this review, we examine the evidence supporting the key role of mitomiRs in radiation-induced cellular senescence and integrate the latest knowledge on the underlying molecular mechanisms of this interaction.
Distribution of nitrogen removing microorganisms in different types of soils in the North Kazakhstan region
Authors:   Bio-KATU, Konkybaeva A.N. , Nauanova A.P. ,   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University
Published: November 2024

The use of biopreparations based on soil microorganisms to improve soil fertility, crop productivity and reduce the spread of fungal diseases of grain crops is one of the promising and environmentally friendly directions. This, in turn, requires comprehensive work on the creation, evaluation and introduction of highly effective Kazakhstani biological preparations. The article presents data on the distribution of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and actinomycetes on different types of soils in Northern Kazakhstan, identified by sowing soil suspensions by serial dilutions. More than 100 new strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and actinomycetes were isolated on solid selective nutrient media. In order to create a biofertiliser, the pathogenicity and growth intensity of new nitrogen-fixing bacteria and actinomycetes were studied, and their cultural and morphological characteristics were described. The 30 most active strains such as №21S, №19S, №31S, №91S, №3S, №56S, №51S, №62S, №55S, №70S, №53S, №20S, №2S, №81S, №7S, №54S, №57S, №35S, №84S, №22S, №9S, №12S, №8S, №10S, №69S, №52S, №49S, №11S, №6S, №59S, which will be used to make biologics. In the future, these strains will be studied for their growth-stimulating, fungicidal properties, etc., and will also be used in the development of microbiological technology for the production of biological preparations based on nitrogen-fixing and actinomycetes capable of increasing productivity.
Panel Data: Study Of Income Inequality In West Sumatra
Authors: Harahap Erni Febrina , Yenti Cintia Darma , Natasya Natasya , Yusuf Akmal
Published: November 2024

This research aims to analyze the factors that influence income inequality in West Sumatra Province. Some of the variables that are taken into consideration are: unemployment, education and poverty. The research uses secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), using panel data regression analysis in 19 Regencies/Cities in West Sumatra Province, during 2017-2023. The selected research model uses the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The research results show that: (1) the unemployment variable has a positive and insignificant effect on income inequality, (2) the education variable has a negative and significant effect on income inequality, (3) the poverty variable has a positive and significant effect on income inequality.
Corporate Tax Planning: Making Sense of Canada's Clean Energy Investment Tax Credits
Authors: Der Colena , Rowe Edward
Published: November 2024

To advance Canada's transition to a green economy, the federal government has introduced a number of tax incentives intended to help fund the capital cost of qualifying clean energy projects. This article discusses six new clean energy investment tax credits (ITCs), four of which were included in legislation enacted in June 2024. The authors outline the design elements of these clean energy ITCs and provide details of the terms and conditions that apply, or are proposed to apply, in each case.
Policy Forum: Rethinking GAAR—Back to Basics
Authors: Krever Richard
Published: November 2024

Recent changes to Canada's general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR) on their face broaden the scope of GAAR, making it applicable to more tax-minimization schemes. However, developments in Australia, home of the modern GAAR, and case law in Canada suggest that the impact of the changes may be limited. In particular, the extension of GAAR to arrangements where tax minimization is not necessarily the primary objective of the transaction but merely one of the main purposes may prove to be unworkable. The purpose of a transaction is ultimately a subjective factor, whatever objective indicators are considered, and the only person able to assert the true purpose of an arrangement is the taxpayer. Equally obvious is the reality that tax minimization is the goal of only some steps in a commercial arrangement, and if the taxpayer can replace the investigation of the impugned transactions with the broader commercial arrangement—sell an asset, borrow money, and so forth—the main purpose will almost always be a legitimate commercial goal. More significantly, an examination of Australian and Canadian case law reveals that the courts consistently make a distinction between arrangements that are implicitly endorsed by the legislature and those that clearly fall outside possibilities contemplated by Parliament, allowing GAAR to apply only in the latter cases. For example, if the legislature and tax authorities allow taxpayers to treat finance leases as operating leases, the courts will not permit tax authorities to use GAAR to stop an egregious exploitation of the legal myth. If the legislature provides imputation credits for dividends and taxpayers structure financing to enjoy the benefit, the courts will not step in to restrict access where the legislature has not imposed statutory limits. Conversely, if the legislature has set out clear and unambiguous rules on when losses can be transferred, courts will allow tax authorities to use GAAR to strike down arrangements seeking to bypass those rules. Experience shows the courts are quite willing to allow the use of GAAR as a shield where taxpayers devise schemes that abuse concessions in the law through contrived arrangements that seek to extend the concessions to arrangements far from those for which the concessions were intended. The courts will not, however, allow the government to use GAAR as a sword to extend tax liability to arrangements that are clearly excluded through gaps or errors in the law. The message from the courts is unambiguous: if a mistake was made in the law or a treaty, it should be fixed by way of amendment, not GAAR. In short, the apparent overhaul of the Canadian GAAR may prove to be little more than a tempest in a teacup with little and perhaps no impact on dispute outcomes.
Neurocovid. Efectos de la covid-19 en el sistema nervioso
Authors: Luquin de Anda Ma. Sonia , Uribe González Aidee Guadalupe , Muñoz Valle José Francisco , Villanueva Lomelí Ricardo , Hernández Ramírez Cristian Oswaldo , Lomelí Nieto José Álvaro , Hernández Bello Jorge , Gómez Plascencia y Castillo Jesús , Uribe González Cesar Roberto , García Estrada Joaquín , Fernández Quezada David , Pereira Suárez Ana Laura , Gálvez Contreras Alma Yadira , González Pérez Oscar Porfirio , Beltrán Navarro María Beatriz , Macías Islas Miguel Ángel , Cásares Fernando Javier , Gómez Gutiérrez Edgar René , Martínez Ramos Alicia , García Martínez Jorge Daniel , Estrada Moreno Blanca Estela , Ruiz Sandoval José Luis , González Díaz Esteban , Villaseñor Cabrera Teresita de Jesús , Sánchez Torres Marco Alejandro , Salgado Ceballos Hermelinda , Sánchez Torres Stephanie Maricela , Coyoy Salgado Angelica Berenice , Mondragón Lozano Rodrigo , Bernal Hernández Jorge , Orozco Barrios Carlos Enrique , Ramos Zúñiga Rodrigo , González Ríos Jorge Alberto , Pérez Alcaraz Iris del Socorro , Saucedo Maciel Nelson Ossiel , Rabago Barajas Brenda Viridiana , Aguayo Arelis Adriana , Vargas de la Cruz Rosa Ivette , Rusanova Rusanova Iryna , López Armas Gabriela del Carmen , González Castañeda Rocío Elizabeth , Morales Salcedo Tania Gisel , Ruvalcaba Delgadillo Rosa Yaveth , Chiprés Tinajero Gustavo Alejandro , Domínguez Rosales Emmanuel Alejandro , Aguilera Rodríguez Gerardo , Camacho Valadez David , Torres Ascencio María Janeth , Andrade Hernández Hugo Rey , Alcalá García de Quevedo Patricia , Macias Reyes Héctor , Jiménez Maldonado Miriam Elizabeth , Arroyo Medrano Martha Mónica
Published: November 2024

El Departamento de Neurociencias del Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud presenta esta obra científico-académica que estudia los efectos de la enfermedad covid-19 sobre el sistema nervioso (afecciones también conocidas como “neurocovid”), a fin de comprender, actualizar y divulgar oportunamente el conocimiento sobre esta afectación, sus complicaciones, secuelas y efectos secundarios a largo plazo por la acción del virus SARS-CoV-2 y el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Tiene, además, el propósito de motivar esfuerzos de investigación para abordar, prever y reducir el impacto funcional de la infección, particularmente en los aspectos neuropsicológico y neuropsiquiátrico de los pacientes.
Derecho humano al agua y al saneamiento. Apuntes para su reglamentación
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Álvarez Gutiérrez Ivonne , Gutiérrez Nájera Raquel , Preciado Rodríguez Teresa Magnolia , Ruiz Moreno Ángel Guillermo , Vega Ruiz Karla Fabiola
Published: November 2024

En la presente obra, el lector encontrará un análisis serio y profundo acerca del necesario replanteamiento del derecho humano al agua y al saneamiento, otrora vistos como servicios públicos a cargo del municipio. Este derecho, además de la reforma constitucional de 2011, es impulsado debido a su reconocimiento constitucional del año 2012 a partir del cual se ordenó no sólo una reestructuración institucional y concurrente para su garantía, sino un cambio de visión reforzado con mecanismos efectivos de participación social. La obra pone de relieve, a partir de un análisis histórico desde el control de los recursos naturales en México, que el recurso hídrico es, hoy por hoy, considerado como un bien de uso común y estratégico para el desarrollo nacional; sin embargo, su mercantilización y privatización ha primado como política desde la experiencia de América Latina, lo que, dicho sea de paso, constituye políticas fallidas y perjudiciales. Los autores analizan la gestión del agua en México y su evolución, la política nacional de recursos hídricos, los pronunciamientos de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación sobre el derecho humano al agua, y comparan las diversas propuestas de reglamentación que se han presentado para así llegar no sólo a una conclusión sino a una propuesta concreta de reglamentación.
Espiritualidad en cuidados paliativos
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Velázquez Ramos Jorge Gerardo , Orendain Brasch Diana , Aréchiga Ornelas Guillermo Eduardo , Ramos Guerrero Jorge Alberto , Bonilla Flores Jorge , Sotelo Rosero Oscar Andrés , Leal del Toro Ana Karenn
Published: November 2024

Cuando la muerte se avecina, es común que los individuos y sus familias encuentren refugio en creencias, símbolos o plegarias con el objetivo de encontrar alivio y sanación, lo cual da paso a la manifestación consciente o inconsciente de una espiritualidad, cuyo cuidado en el ámbito médico en muchas ocasiones se daba por sentado, dejándole a los religiosos que asumieran esta responsabilidad. No obstante, esta indiferencia u omisión en asistir de forma integral las necesidades espirituales de los pacientes da como resultado que estos se sientan incomprendidos en su última etapa de la vida, en especial cuando por cuestiones culturales o religiosas requieren atenciones específicas. La presente obra recoge las aportaciones de médicos paliativistas acerca de su encuentro con el dolor y el sufrimiento en pacientes terminales. Desde su muy particular punto de vista, revisan y exponen la importancia de la espiritualidad en la atención al final de la vida. La obra busca ayudar a la comprensión de dos cuestiones básicas: ¿qué son religión y espiritualidad?, y ¿cómo se enlazan al final de la vida de los seres humanos? Esperamos que cualquier beneficio de este libro se manifieste en la atención a todos aquellos que necesitan aliviar su sufrimiento.
Identity documentation as development: how do migrants and their children figure?
Authors: Petrozziello Allison
Published: November 2024

Identity documentation (ID) is now recognised as a development concern, especially since the adoption of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 16.9 on legal identity for all, including birth registration. However, achieving universal birth registration is not a straightforward task in contexts of human mobility. Where questions of belonging are unsettled, documentation may be issued to some and denied to others on discriminatory grounds. This chapter identifies four obstacles to birth registration for migrant women’s children which directly prevent the realisation of SDG 16.9: gender gaps in women’s independent access to ID; migration enforcement in the process of birth registration; access to reproductive healthcare; and linkage of birth registration with social welfare entitlements. If access to documentation for migrants and birth certificates for their children is not addressed, this directly hinders not only the achievement of legal identity for all, but also states’ capacity to measure achievement of all the SDGs.
Bringing the border to baby: birth registration as bordering practice for migrant women’s children
Authors: Petrozziello Allison
Published: November 2024

Babies born ‘out of place’ to migrant mothers pose a challenge to states seeking to restrict access to migration and citizenship. In places as diverse as Texas, Tel Aviv, and Santo Domingo, policymakers have been modifying administrative requirements to limit access to birth certificates for babies born to migrant women with temporary or irregular status as a measure aimed at discouraging their permanent settlement. This raises concerns regarding the gendered ways in which women can be controlled via their reproductive lives when childbirth is made a juncture of migration enforcement, and children’s right to an identity and a nationality violated as a result. Rights advocates are pushing back against this practice using existing human rights frameworks. This article provides an overview of what birth registration as a bordering practice looks like so that scholars, policymakers, and practitioners around the world can recognise and resist it. It focuses on the case of the Dominican Republic’s denial of birth certificates for people of Haitian descent, and an action-research project aiming to facilitate access to the Dominican civil registry for children of mixed couples (migrant mother and Dominican father). It concludes by highlighting the implications for the babies born ‘in between’ – who are at risk of statelessness and other rights violations – and pointing to international frameworks for upholding children’s right to a nationality.
Innovation as a Source of Ensuring the Sustainable Development of the Enterprise
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Brahina Olha S.
Published: November 2024

The aim of the article is to study innovativeness and innovative development as a source of ensuring sustainable development of enterprise. The article defines the essence and main characteristics of innovation and innovative development in the context of sustainable development of enterprise. It should be noted that innovations from the standpoint of sustainable development are innovations that contribute to a harmonious combination of economic, environmental and social aspects, ensuring the long-term growth of the enterprise without harming the environment and society. Innovations, especially those related to environmental and social aspects, help businesses respond to the challenges of sustainable development. This includes the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies, energy and resource savings, which has a positive effect on both the company’s image and its financial stability. In the course of the study, the most apt examples of innovations in the context of sustainable development, which should be implemented at enterprises, were identified. The author determines the factors of importance of innovative development in the context of sustainable development and the main functions it performs. The stages of innovative development in the context of sustainable development of enterprise are formed, among which it is worth highlighting the following: analysis and assessment of the current state of enterprise; generation and selection of ideas; development of an innovation strategy; implementation of innovative solutions, monitoring and evaluation of efficiency, adjustment and improvement of strategy, communication of results and involvement of stakeholders. Methods of analysis and evaluation for choosing the direction of innovative development in the context of sustainable development are defined, in particular, SWOT analysis, product life cycle analysis, stakeholder analysis, benchmarking, resource efficiency analysis, scenario planning method, feasibility study, cost-benefit analysis, analysis of risks and risk mitigation. In the process of composing the article, such methods of scientific research as analysis and synthesis, classification, scientific abstraction, comparison were used. As a result of the study, it is determined that innovations in the field of sustainable development help enterprises not only to meet new market requirements, but also to improve their image and attract investors. Sustainable practices and technologies contribute to strengthening positions in the global market and create new opportunities for growth.
The Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Forming the Development Strategy of Construction Enterprises in Ukraine under Martial Law Conditions
Authors:   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Biletskyi Ihor V. , Kondratenko Nataliia O. ,   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Rudachenko Olhа O. ,   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: November 2024

The article summarizes the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of the strategy for the development of enterprises in the construction industry under martial law. It is noted that the consequences of the war were felt globally by all participants in the construction market of Ukraine and European countries. The situation, which has developed primarily due to the military aggression of the russian federation, holds back investors and forces them to reduce funding for projects at different stages of their implementation or abandon them at the pre-investment stage. In addition, many construction companies face problems related to the loss of financial stability, which requires the formation of appropriate financial strategies that must take into account the availability and proper distribution of external and internal resources. It is determined that the main problem for enterprises of the construction industry is the creation of a favorable investment climate in Ukraine and real financial and credit mechanisms to stimulate industrial and residential construction in order to increase the competitiveness of the industry. It is noted that there are many factors that determine the development strategy of a construction enterprise. To determine the strategic directions of development of enterprises in the construction industry, a SWOT analysis and a PEST analysis of the functioning of enterprises in the construction industry were carried out. Within the framework of the formation and implementation of the strategy for the development of enterprises in the construction industry, strategic goals are defined. It is determined that the formation of a strategy for the development of enterprises in the construction industry of Ukraine under martial law requires the integrated use of effective organizational, financial and economic tools to solve problems that have arisen over the years and intensified during the war. An algorithm for forming a strategy for the development of enterprises in the construction industry is developed. It is concluded that the formation of a strategy for the development of enterprises in the construction industry under martial law is based on the use of all available production resources, the formation of an appropriate system of State regulation of investment processes in construction, the use of effective organizational, legal, financial and economic tools for the implementation of strategic goals for the development of economic entities.
The Methodology for Evaluating ESG Compliance with the Micro-Level Criteria
Authors:   Odesa National University of Technology, Lagodiyenko Oleg V.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological issues of assessing the compliance of enterprises with ESG criteria at the micro level. The relevance of the given topic and the presence of previously uncovered parts of the general problem determined the purpose of the study, namely the development of a methodology for assessing the compliance of enterprises with ESG criteria at the micro level. The article proposes a methodology for assessing the compliance of enterprises with ESG criteria at the micro level, which, unlike the existing ones, provides a systematic approach to assessing the environmental (E), social (S) and governance (G) components of companies’ activities. The developed methodology takes into account both general indicators for all enterprises and industry specifics, which allows for a comprehensive assessment taking into account the specifics of each company. The assessment system is based on a rating model, where each indicator is assigned a score of 0, 0.5 or 1, which reflects the level of compliance with the criteria of sustainable development. The integral ESG indicator is formed on the basis of the arithmetic mean of the scores for all three categories. This makes it possible to classify enterprises according to levels of compliance: from the initial level (C) to the advanced (A). The proposed methodology enables enterprises to get a clear picture of their compliance with ESG standards, identify weaknesses and areas for improvement. Particular attention in the methodology is paid to environmental management, environmental impact, resource administration, as well as interaction with stakeholders and the corporate governance system. The study substantiates that the proposed methodology contributes to improving the efficiency of the implementation of ESG principles in enterprises, helping them to adapt to the requirements of the market and investors focused on sustainable development. The proposed system, in comparison with the existing ones, is universal and can be used to assess enterprises in various sectors of the economy, in particular the financial and industrial sectors. Further research could be aimed at expanding the indicators, automating the assessment process, and adapting the methodology to international markets, making it even more relevant to global business.
Strategic priorities of the Roadmap for the implementation of the State policy of preserving human potential (youth aspect) for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Ilyash Olha I.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to determine the strategic priorities of the Roadmap for the implementation of the State policy of preserving human potential and the mechanisms of youth re-emigration for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. The author substantiates the shortcomings of the State youth policy and their impact on the ability to preserve the human potential of Ukraine, which leads to migration losses and the intensification of critical socioeconomic and demographic changes. Emphasis is placed on the principles and consistency of the State policy of preserving human potential, in particular youth, for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. It is determined that the conceptual basis for the implementation of the State policy of preserving human potential, especially in terms of youth, is a policy that takes into account the best international practices of youth policy implementation, is consistent with national youth strategies and encourages the implementation of the Council of Europe's recommendations on youth rights and participation. The author proves the need to develop a Roadmap for the implementation of the State policy of preserving human potential, the general purpose of which is to formulate a vision, context, priorities and directions for building a holistic, sustainable and effective State youth policy aimed at improving the quality of life in personal, family, labor and social aspects, improving living conditions and encouraging the return of Ukrainian youth. Addressing these issues is important for preserving human potential and contributing to the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. In accordance with the goal of the Roadmap for the implementation of the State policy of preserving human potential, it is proposed to focus on 5 strategic priorities of youth policy and improving the quality of life of young people. It is emphasized that improving the quality of life and living environment of young people in Ukraine should be aimed at addressing such issues as economic well-being, demographic problems, labor market imbalances, social tensions and cultural development, stimulating the re-emigration of Ukrainian youth and strengthening regions and territorial communities for a more prosperous future in the post-war recovery of Ukraine. The strategic priorities and operational strategic goals of the State policy of preserving the human potential of Ukraine in the youth segment are defined. The mechanisms for implementing youth policy are represented by the relevant tools within the framework of five strategic priorities: improving the quality of personal, family, labor, social life of young people and their environment, which should include the leading participation of the State in implementing youth re-emigration strategies with the involvement of civil society institutions, the EU and the UN.
Peculiarities of cryptocurrency regulation in the European Union
Authors: Dashko Iryna , Cherep Oleksandr , Mykhailichenko Liubomyr
Published: November 2024

The definition of the concept of cryptocurrency (bitcoin) is revealed, which is based on cryptographic methods, and as a rule, its accounting is decentralized. The general state of the crypto market in modern conditions is investigated. The price determinants are substantiated and grouped, in particular: market forces, i.e., supply and demand factors; macro-financial factors; public and investor interest; and news coverage (popularization). The author analyzes the main factors that directly affect the price of cryptocurrencies are attractive to investors and determine public interest in the media. The dynamics of prices for the three most popular cryptocurrencies over the past few years are analyzed. It proves that the price of bitcoin can be influenced by the macroeconomic index and the asset price index. The main reasons for the fall of cryptocurrencies in early 2022 are identified. The market capitalization for 2019–2022 is analyzed. Based on a study of the general situation in the cryptocurrency market, the author reveals significant price volatility due to the general global situation and crisis phenomena that have a negative impact on this market. It is noted that today the legalization of cryptocurrency is one of the most important breakthroughs not only in the global economy but also in Ukraine. A comparative analysis of the capitalization of cryptocurrencies and cryptocurrencies of 2019–2022 is made. The regulation of the cryptocurrency market in the example of the EU is analyzed. The author analyzes the «big breakthrough» in the field of digital governance – the draft law «On Electronic Assets»and defines its purpose. It is substantiated that the draft Regulation is the result of the active spread of cryptocurrencies, which began in 2017 and caused a surge in public and political interest and additional investment in cryptocurrencies. The purpose and main significance of the draft EU Regulation are determined. The categories of crypto assets are defined. It is substantiated that, according to the researchers, the draft EU Regulation is aimed «at ensuring certainty in terms of legal regulation of cryptoassets which are not covered by current EU financial services legislation and at establishing common rules for service providers and issuers at the EU level». It is noted that the draft EU Regulation is intended to address the issues of legal regulation in the field of stablecoin circulation, as well as the activities of Crypto Asset Services Providers (CASPs). The main objectives of the EU Regulation in the field of cryptocurrency regulation are revealed. The author identifies three categories of crypto assets based on the draft Regulation, in particular: asset-related tokens; electronic money tokens; other crypto assets. Conclusions on the peculiarities of cryptocurrency regulation in the EU are provided.
Assessment of the impact of business environment indicators on the functioning of IT-clusters in Ukraine
Authors: Kirzhetska Mariia , Voitsekhovsky Andriy
Published: November 2024

The article examines the impact of the business environment on the functioning of IT clusters in Ukraine. The analysis of literature sources has shown that the functioning of the cluster in the region remains ambiguous and may depend on various factors, including: the sector in which the business operates, the region, the resources used, and other factors. Since scientific studies do not have a clearly defined relationship between the indicators that assess the business environment and the number of IT companies operating in the regions, the article aims to assess the dependence of the impact of business environment indicators on the concentration of IT companies in the regions of Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the following scientific tasks have been identified: to conduct a statistical analysis of the landscape of the IT sector of Ukraine, to statistically analyze the indicators characterizing the regional business environment, to assess the relationship between the concentration of IT companies in the region and the level of the regional business environment. To solve these tasks, we used cluster analysis and correlation analysis. As a result, four «strong» IT clusters were identified Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv, and Dnipro regions. A cluster analysis was conducted to assess the business environment. The object of the cluster analysis is the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine into 24 regions. The initial data are statistical data for 2021. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, the regions were divided into 3 clusters. Kyiv region forms a separate cluster with the most active business environment, the second cluster includes four regions where the business environment is developing quite actively: Lviv, Kharkiv, Dnipro and Odesa regions. The calculation of the correlation coefficient showed that there is a correlation between the indicators of social infrastructure development, the number of students enrolled in higher education institutions, and the concentration of IT companies in the region. However, the indicator of the economic performance of a business, which we evaluated through the gross regional product, does not have a significant impact on the concentration of IT companies.
Assessment of sugar industry concentration level in Ukraine
Authors: Kostetska Nataliia , Lotysh Oksana
Published: November 2024

The peculiarities of the functioning sugar industry and its importance for the national economy of Ukraine are considered. It is proposed to evaluate the level of industry concentration based on the calculation of relevant economic indicators to study the state of competition in the sugar industry. The dynamics of sugar production in Ukraine in general and specific enterprises in particular are analyzed. It also has been mentioned about the impact of the industry structure on the concentration level which depends on the number of operating enterprises and their size. It has been found that some difficulties with access to information on the product output by all business entities operating in the industry may arise during data collection for the calculation of the concentration indicators. It has been recommended to calculate several concentration indicators at the same time in order to obtain the most accurate and objective results of the analysis. It has been calculated the following indicators of the sugar industry concentration level: concentration ratio, four-firm concentration ratio, Herfindahl-Hirschman index, relative concentration ratio, Hall-Tideman index (Rosenbluth index). During the process of research, it has been established that the sugar industry of Ukraine in general is characterized by a moderate level of concentration, and this forces enterprises to compete with each other for consumers and suppliers of raw materials. It has been found out that there was a tendency to decrease the number of working enterprises during the studied period. There were mergers of several sugar factories and their incorporation into large integrated agricultural companies that led to an increase in their shares in the industry. Such processes helped to increase the sugar industry concentration level weakened competition between manufacturing enterprises and created opportunities for cooperation in order to strengthen their impact on the situation in the industry and achieve their own useful goals. The state, represented by the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, monitors changes in the concentration level of the studied industry and takes appropriate measures considering its importance for the national economy.
Increasing the innovative potential of the aquaculture sector: organizational and economic aspects
Authors: Tiutiunnyk Hanna
Published: November 2024

The article explores current trends and approaches in the development of the aquaculture sector, specifically the implementation of innovative technologies and organizational structures aimed at enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of the industry. It highlights the role of multitrophic ecological farming, «3S» technologies (RS, GIS, GPS), integrated aquafarms, and water recirculation systems as key tools for achieving high productivity and environmental safety. Special attention is given to the introduction of water recirculation systems based on Industry 4.0 technologies, including the use of robotics, big data, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing. The article emphasizes the necessity of forming multifunctional aquaculture centers that act as catalysts for the adoption of the latest technologies and methods to ensure the sustainable development of the sector. The research also analyzes the financial and economic measures necessary to support innovation in aquaculture, including the creation of an innovation fund to finance high-tech projects and the development of smart clusters. It examines international experiences, with examples from the United Kingdom, Norway, India, and the United Arab Emirates, showcasing successful models of financial support and incentives for innovation in aquaculture. The article underscores the importance of adapting these models to Ukrainian realities to ensure the sustainable and productive development of the sector. As a result of the analysis, a phased scheme for the introduction of innovations in Ukraine's aquaculture industry is proposed, taking into account the specific characteristics of the sector and the need for a systematic approach to the application of innovative technologies. Recommendations are provided for the formation of an effective mechanism for managing the innovation fund and conducting investment operations in line with sustainable development requirements. Achieving the set goals will facilitate institutional changes, infrastructure development, increased competitiveness, and improvement of the scientific and educational level in the field of aquaculture, thereby ensuring sustainable development of the economic, sociocultural, and environmental aspects of the sector.
Pension provision in Poland in the context of the analysis of the main indicators
Authors: Zelenko Natalia , Zelenko Vasyl
Published: November 2024

Pension insurance in Poland has a long history of its operation and is one of the most important components of the social policy of this country. This article analyzes the activities of the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and, accordingly, the Social Insurance Fund (FUS), which includes four separate funds: a pension fund, a disability fund, an illness fund, and an accident fund. The work includes a comparative analysis of ZUS budget indicators in dynamics for 2021–2023, which clearly shows the growth of the share of social contributions in the overall structure of ZUS revenues for the specified period. This dynamic is positive, as it shows a gradual increase in the financial stability of the Polish social insurance system over the specified period of time. The authors note that the budget of the Social Insurance Fund (FUS) for 2022 and 2023 was without a deficit (the subsidy figure from the state budget is not taken into account). And the deficit in 2021 is related to the socio-economic problems of the pandemic period. The study indicates that in the near future the Polish pension system will be relatively financially stable, although it will gradually become less balanced, primarily due to the aging of the population (this is a general trend of the demographic crisis of all European countries, including Ukraine). The work emphasizes that the financial stability and adequacy of pension payments significantly depend on the size and proportion of the main parameters of the pension system, such as insurance length of service, retirement age, the amount of the minimum pension, etc. Therefore, the Polish government is conducting permanent parametric pension reforms. A significant disadvantage of pension provision is a significant gender disparity – the discrepancy between the sizes of pension payments for men and women, which is quite problematic to correct, as it is connected with the need to care for children, as well as with stereotypes existing in society about lower wages for women. The conclusions summarize the positive and negative sides of the Polish pension system and summarize that at present it can be classified as relatively financially stable and adequate in terms of pension payments.
The effect of the keto diet on lipid profile with type two diabetic patients
Authors: Ghassan Fadwa , Mohammed Ateka , Kazim Zainab
Published: November 2024

Introduction. In the developed world, among the main causes of disease and death is type 2 diabetes. It is a significant public health issue with rising prevalence, with more than 380 million patients estimated to be affected by 2025.

Aim. To evaluate the effect of ketogenic diets on glycemic control in patients with type II DM in Kirkuk and Mosul provinces.

Materials and methods. Patients with T2DM in both Mosul and Kirkuk cities were enrolled in this study to evaluate the effect of keto diet on HbA1c level and Lipid profile variations between 1/9/2022 to 1/4/2023.

Results and discussion. This study shows that the distributions of patients according to age and gender there was about 43.3 % female and 56.7 % male and the age variations, female with age above 56 years old was 30 % while male 60.7 %. A significant p value was shown in HbA1C variations before and after keto diet (0.0001), also in lipid profile of a significant p value before and after keto diet (0.001) regarding total Glyceride a significant p value highly was (0.002). Due to the large particle size of LDL-C, it has been hypothesized that this elevation in LDL-C would not likely cause cardiovascular problems. For individuals with type 2 diabetes, the low-calorie-ketogenic VLCK diet (<50 g of carbohydrates per day) is a safe, well-tolerated, and recognized medical nutritional therapy option when used in conjunction with an interventional weight loss program that offers support for lifestyle and behavioral modification over a 4-month period.

Conclusion. Diabetic and ketogenic diet there is a good clear relationship regarding the HbA1c and lipid profile. Further studies are required for larger numbers of patients and longer duration follow up.
Cumhuriyet’in İlk Yıllarında Hastalık ve Evlilik: Besim Ömer Akalın’ın Fen ve İzdivaç İsimli Eserinin Tıp Tarihi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Sezgin Ahmet , Şahinoğlu Serap
Published: November 2024

Besim Ömer Akalın, tıp tarihinde yer tutan önemli şahsiyetlerden birisi olmakla birlikte özellikle Osmanlı’nın son dönemi ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarında sağlık politikalarına yön verilmesi konusunda fikirleriyle dikkate değer girişimlerde bulunmuştur. Sağlık alanını ilgilendiren birçok kitap ve makale kaleme almıştır. Müstakil olarak ele aldığı kitapların yanı sıra seri olarak yazdığı eserleri de bulunmaktadır.
Çalışmamızda nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Besim Ömer Akalın’ın Fen ve İzdivac Evlenebilecekler ve Evlenemeyecekler isimli eserinin Osmanlı Türkçesinden çeviri yazısı yapıldıktan sonra sadeleştirme yapılarak günümüz Türkçesine özet metin şeklinde aktarılmıştır. Çalışma, temelde nüfus politikasını ilgilendiren ve dönemin yaygın anlayışını dile getiren seri olarak kaleme aldığı eserlerindendir. Eser, insan neslini “iyileştirme” ve bu “iyileştirme” üzerine kurguladığı sistemi anlattığı ve önerilerde bulunduğu geneli ilgilendiren fikirlerini içermektedir. Eserde ağırlıklı olarak evliliği etkileyebilecek bulaşıcı hastalıklara, yaş uyumuna, nasıl bir eş seçilmesi gerektiğine ve nüfusun geleceğini olumlu ya da olumsuz şekilde etkileyebilecek hususlara değinmektedir.
Eser, daha önce ele alınarak kapsamlı bir değerlendirmesi yapılmamıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma kapsamı olarak eser özelinden hareket edilerek günün nüfus politikalarına, yaygın bulaşıcı hastalıklarla birlikte yaygın ve bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklara, insanların içerisinde bulunduğu ruhi hâllerin evlilik müessesine olan etkisine ve ırk ıslahı yönündeki dönem tartışmalarına değinilmiştir.
Çalışma, Besim Ömer Akalın’ın ilgili eserinde ileri sürdüğü görüşlerinin eserini yayımladığı dönem şartlarında hangi bilimsel temellere oturtmaya çalıştığını sorgulayarak dönemin diğer yazarlarının benzer konulardaki görüşleri ile karşılaştırılmasını ve dönemin genel yöneliminin ortaya çıkarılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca Besim Ömer Akalın’ın bazı görüşlerinin günümüz bilimsel bakış açısıyla ifade ettiği geçerlilik de tartışılarak söylemlerinin zamanının ötesine geçip geçmediğinin ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir.
Kemalist Halkçı Kıbrıs Türk Lideri M. Necati Özkan’ın Siyasi Hayatı ve Liderlik Mücadelesi (1926-1953)
Authors: Balyemez Mehmet
Published: November 2024

Kıbrıs, Doğu Akdeniz’deki stratejik konumundan dolayı çok sayıda devlete ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Kıbrıs’taki egemenliği 1571 yılında başlamış ve Anadolu’dan gönderilen çiftçi ve zanaatkârlar Ada’daki Türk varlığının ilk temsilcileri olmuşlardır. Kıbrıs Türkleri Osmanlı toplum yapısının doğal bir sonucu olarak siyasal bir liderin kontrolünde olmamış, Babı Âli tarafından görevlendirilen kadı ve müftüler XX. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğine kadar olan dönemde Kıbrıs Türklerinin önderleri olarak kabul görmüştür. Kıbrıs, Lozan Barış Antlaşması ile İngiltere’ye bırakıldıktan kısa bir sonra 1925 yılında Ada’da sömürge yönetimi ilan edilmiştir. Gazi Mustafa Kemal Paşa’yı kendisine rehber edinen ve Kemalist politikalar takip eden M. Necati Bey (Özkan) 1930’lu yıllardan itibaren Kıbrıs Türk siyasi liderliğini temsil etmeye başlamıştır. Bu durum İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasına kadar devam etmiş, ancak 1945 yılından itibaren Kıbrıs Türk liderlik çekişmesinde iki grup öne çıkmıştır: Kemalist Halkçılar ve Sömürgeci Evkafçılar. Kıbrıs’taki Kemalist Halkçı hareketin ilk siyasi lideri olan M. Necati Özkan ve mücadelesinin her yönü ile ortaya konulması günümüzde de devam eden Kıbrıs Sorunu’nun köklerinin anlaşılması açısından önemlidir. Çalışmada Kıbrıs Türklerinin var olma mücadelesinde önemli bir aktör olan M. Necati Özkan’ın siyasi faaliyetleri ve liderlik mücadelesi ile bunun yarattığı siyasal etkilerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Hedeflenen amacın gerçekleştirilmesi maksadıyla, nitel araştırma yöntemi doküman tarama tekniği kullanılarak döneme ait birincil ve ikincil kaynakların taranması öngörülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda; Türkiye, KKTC ve İngiltere’deki arşivlerde tarama yapılmış, birincil ve ikincil kaynaklar ile ilk kez bilim dünyasının bilgisine sunulan kişisel arşiv belgelerinden yararlanılmış ve elde edilen bilgiler dönemin Kıbrıs Türk basınındaki haberler ile sözlü tarih görüşmeleri ile tamamlanarak objektif bir sonuca ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir.