bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sall4 regulates neuromesodermal progenitors and their descendants during body elongation in mouse embryos
Authors: Tahara Naoyuki , Kawakami Hiroko , Chen Katherine Q. , Anderson Aaron , Yamashita Peterson Malina , Gong Wuming , Shah Pruthvi , Hayashi Shinichi , Nishinakamura Ryuichi , Nakagawa Yasushi , Garry Daniel J. , Kawakami Yasuhiko
Published: June 2019

Bi-potential neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) produce both neural and paraxial mesodermal progenitors in the trunk and tail during vertebrate body elongation. We show that Sall4, a pluripotency-related transcription factor gene, has multiple roles in regulating NMPs and their descendants in post-gastrulation mouse embryos. Sall4 deletion using TCre caused body/tail truncation, reminiscent of early depletion of NMPs, suggesting a role of Sall4 in NMP maintenance. This phenotype became significant at the time of the trunk-to-tail transition, suggesting that Sall4 maintenance of NMPs enables tail formation. Sall4 mutants exhibit expanded neural and reduced mesodermal tissues, indicating a role of Sall4 in NMP differentiation balance. Mechanistically, we show that Sall4 promotion of WNT/β-catenin signaling contributes to NMP maintenance and differentiation balance. RNA-Seq and SALL4 ChIP-Seq analyses support the notion that Sall4 regulates both mesodermal and neural development. Furthermore, in the mesodermal compartment, genes regulating presomitic mesoderm differentiation are downregulated in Sall4 mutants. In the neural compartment, we show that differentiation of NMPs towards post-mitotic neuron is accelerated in Sall4 mutants. Our results collectively provide evidence supporting the role of Sall4 in regulating NMPs and their descendants.
Motor pools organization depends on the combined function of N-cadherin and type II cadherins
Authors: Dewitz Carola , Duan Xin , Zampieri Niccolò
Published: June 2019

Type I and type II classical cadherins constitute a family of cell adhesion molecules expressed in complex combinatorial profiles in the nervous system, suggesting the hypothesis that a cadherin code implements specific adhesive recognition events that control the development of neural circuits. In the spinal cord, classical cadherins define at a molecular level the positional organization of motor neuron subtypes into discrete nuclear structures termed motor pools. However, the roles and contributions of different members of the family in defining motor neuron spatial organization are not clear yet. By combining mouse genetics with quantitative positional analysis, we found that motor neurons organization into pools depends on type II cadherins, nevertheless their function does not strictly reflect the predictions arising from binding specificities at a molecular level, but instead relies on N-cadherin, a type I cadherin whose elimination is required to reveal type II contributions.
Pramipexole prevents ischemic cell death via mitochondrial pathways in ischemic stroke
Authors: Andrabi Syed Suhail , Ali Mubashshir , Tabassum Heena , Parveen Sabiha , Parvez Suhel
Published: June 2019

A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, pramipexole, has been found to elicit neuroprotection in patients with Parkinson’s disease and restless leg syndrome. Recent evidence has shown that pramipexole mediates its neuroprotection through mitochondria. Considering this, we examined the possible mitochondrial role of pramipexole in promoting neuroprotection following an ischemic stroke of rat. Male Wistar rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and then received pramipexole (0.25 mg and 1 mg/kg body weight) at 1, 6, 12 and 18 h post-occlusion. A panel of neurological tests and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining were performed at 24 h after the surgery. Flow cytometry was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+, respectively. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was analyzed by oxygraph (oxygen electrode). Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of various proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c. Pramipexole promoted the neurological recovery as shown by the panel of neurobehavioral tests and TTC staining. Post-stroke treatment with pramipexole reduced levels of mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ after ischemia. Pramipexole elevated the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Western blotting showed that pramipexole inhibited the transfer of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, and hence inhibited the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Thus, our results have demonstrated that post-stroke administration of pramipexole induces the neurological recovery through mitochondrial pathways in ischemia/reperfusion injury.
NKG2D–DAP10 signaling recruits EVL to the cytotoxic synapse to generate F-actin and promote NK cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Wilton Katelynn M. , Overlee Brittany L. , Billadeau Daniel D.
Published: June 2019

Natural killer (NK) cells eliminate abnormal cells through the release of cytolytic granule contents. In this process, NK cells must adhere to target cells through integrin-mediated adhesion, which is highly dependent on the generation of F-actin. Ena/VASP-like (EVL) is an actin regulatory protein previously shown to regulate integrin-mediated adhesion in other cell types, but its role in NK cell biology is not known. Herein, we show that EVL is recruited to the NK cell cytotoxic synapse and is required for NK cell cytotoxicity. Significantly, EVL is involved in the generation of F-actin at the cytotoxic synapse, antibody-stimulated spreading, and NK cell-target cell adhesion. EVL interacts with WASP (also known as WAS) and VASP and is required for localization of both proteins to the synapse. Recruitment of EVL to points of cellular activation occurs through the receptor NKG2D–DAP10 (also known as KLRK1 and HCST, respectively) via a binding site previously implicated in VAV1 and Grb2 recruitment. Taken together, this study implicates DAP10-mediated Grb2 and VAV1 signaling in the recruitment of an EVL-containing actin regulatory complex to the cytotoxic synapse where it can promote F-actin nucleation leading to NK cell-mediated killing.
Word-of-Mouth System Implementation and Customer Conversion: A Randomized Field Experiment
Authors: Huang Ni , Sun Tianshu , Chen Peiyu , Golden Joseph M.
Published: June 2019

Online retailers often face the decision on whether they should implement a word-of-mouth (WOM) system on their websites. Some retailers opt not to have an in-site WOM system (e.g., Tiffany.com and Tjmaxx.com ), whereas others implement and manage an internal WOM system (e.g., Amazon.com and Macys.com ). According to a new study in Information Systems Research, authors Ni Huang (Arizona State University), Tianshu Sun (University of Southern California), Peiyu Chen (Arizona State University), and Joseph M. Golden ( Collage.com ) conducted a randomized field experiment to examine how implementing an in-site WOM system from ground zero influences customer conversion in an online retailing website. Their results demonstrate that implementing an in-site WOM system can be a double-edged sword to the online retailing website. Specifically, the impact of a WOM system implementation on customer conversion is moderated by WOM volume, such that its effect is positive above a threshold of volume and negative below the threshold. Additionally, the researchers find that WOM valence reinforces the impact of a WOM system on customer conversion. These results offer important implications for the hundreds-of-billion-dollar online retailing industry on the implementation and management of online WOM systems.
The Robust Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows: Compact Formulation and Branch-Price-and-Cut Method
Authors: Munari Pedro , Moreno Alfredo , De La Vega Jonathan , Alem Douglas , Gondzio Jacek , Morabito Reinaldo
Published: June 2019

We address the robust vehicle routing problem with time windows (RVRPTW) under customer demand and travel time uncertainties. As presented thus far in the literature, robust counterparts of standard formulations have challenged general-purpose optimization solvers and specialized branch-and-cut methods. Hence, optimal solutions have been reported for small-scale instances only. Additionally, although the most successful methods for solving many variants of vehicle routing problems are based on the column generation technique, the RVRPTW has never been addressed by this type of method. In this paper, we introduce a novel robust counterpart model based on the well-known budgeted uncertainty set, which has advantageous features in comparison with other formulations and presents better overall performance when solved by commercial solvers. This model results from incorporating dynamic programming recursive equations into a standard deterministic formulation and does not require the classical dualization scheme typically used in robust optimization. In addition, we propose a branch-price-and-cut method based on a set partitioning formulation of the problem, which relies on a robust resource-constrained elementary shortest path problem to generate routes that are robust regarding both vehicle capacity and customer time windows. Computational experiments using Solomon’s instances show that the proposed approach is effective and able to obtain robust solutions within a reasonable running time. The results of an extensive Monte Carlo simulation indicate the relevance of obtaining robust routes for a more reliable decision-making process in real-life settings.
Early identification and treatment of sepsis is vital
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: June 2019

There have been recent calls for all health professionals, as well as the general public to be educated on the signs and symptoms of sepsis. Dorothy Lepkowska discusses some of these
DfE prepares consultation over exclusion accountability plans
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: June 2019

Schools are to be made accountable for the pupils they exclude in a bid to clamp down on ‘off-rolling’ and iron out the huge variations in practice between schools. Pete Henshaw reports
Bracing in clubfoot: Do we know enough?
Authors: Alves C.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The Ponseti method is widely used in clubfoot treatment. Long-term follow-up shows high patient satisfaction and excellent functional outcomes. Clubfoot tendency to relapse is a problem yet to solve. Given the importance of bracing in relapse prevention, we ought to discuss current knowledge and controversies about bracing.

Methods

We describe types of braces used, with its advantages and disadvantages, suggesting bracing schedules and duration. We identify bracing problems and pinpoint strategies to promote adherence to bracing.

Results

When treating a clubfoot by the Ponseti method, the corrected foot should be held in an abducted and dorsiflexed position, in a foot abduction brace (FAB), with two shoes connected by a bar. The brace is applied after the clubfoot has been completely corrected by manipulation, serial casting and possibly Achilles tenotomy. Bracing is recommended until four to five years of age and needs to be fitted to the individual patient, based on age, associated relapse rate and timing when correction was finished. Parental non-adherence to FAB use can affect 34% to 61% of children and results in five- to 17-fold higher odds of relapse. In patients who have recurrent adherence problems, a unilateral lower leg custom-made orthosis can be considered as a salvage option. Healthcare providers must communicate with patients regarding brace wearing, set proper expectations and ensure accurate use.

Conclusion

Bracing is essential for preventing clubfoot relapse. Daily duration and length of bracing required to prevent recurrence is still unknown. Prospective randomized clinical trials may bring important data that will influence clinicians’ and families’ choices regarding bracing.

Level of Evidence

V
Neural Models to Predict Temperature and Natural Ventilation in a High Tunnel
Authors: Zheng Muzi , Leib Brian , Wright Wesley , Ayers Paul
Published: June 2019

Abstract.

As a response to the rising demand for local food, high tunnels (HTs) can help small producers become more profitable through crop protection and extension of the growing season. Proper ventilation that responds to changes in outside weather conditions can remove excess heat and humidity inside HTs and lead to better solar energy utilization while maintaining a favorable growth environment. Rather than depending on complex mathematical models, this study investigated an artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting the inside air temperature and ventilation rate of a HT. Energy balance calculations and measured values were compared to the ANN. Results showed that the average air temperature from an array of 15 thermistors inside the HT was predicted more accurately in terms of mean square error (MSE = 1.7°C2) and mean absolute error (MAE = 1.0°C) than a single inside temperature at the center of the HT (MSE = 17.7°C2, MAE = 3.3°C). Relative humidity and wind direction had the least significant impacts on the prediction of inside air temperature, and only four outside weather inputs were found to have significant impacts on the prediction of inside temperature: outside air temperature, door opening level, solar radiation, and wind speed. Moreover, the optimal ANN structure was determined as 29, 25, and 13 neurons in a single hidden layer and 30 neurons in two hidden layers for prediction of inside air temperature, ventilation rate based on measurement, door opening level, and ventilation rate based on modeling, respectively. Keywords: Air temperature control, Artificial neural network, High tunnel, Ventilation.
Using gprMax to Model Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) to Locate Corn Seed as an Attempt to Measure Planting Depth
Authors: Mapoka Kenneth   O. M. , Birrell Stuart  J. , Tekeste Mehari   Z. , Steward Brian , Eisenmann David
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Planting depth (PD) plays an essential role in crop production by substantially impacting germination rates and yield potential. However, techniques to measure PD nondestructively have not been developed. A two-dimensional gprMax simulation study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil electromagnetic properties on ground-penetrating radar (GPR) waves. The primary objective was to examine the possibility of using GPR as a nondestructive sensor to detect subsurface corn seeds with the goal of measuring PD. A conventional fixed-offset gprMax antenna in contact with the soil surface was used in the simulations. Corn seed models of different materials and sizes were simulated, with properties of natural and synthetic (metal) corn seeds. The seed models were spherical, with radial dimensions of 0.006 and 0.024 m to simulate small and large corn seeds, respectively. Corn seed models were embedded in three homogeneous soil models (sandy loam, loam, and clay), and 1.6 and 2.6 GHz antenna models were used as excitation frequencies. A-scans and B-scans were obtained from the simulations. The A-scans showed that all targets (small natural corn and metal corn models, and large natural corm and metal corn models) successfully provided response amplitudes proportional to their dielectric properties in sandy loam and loam, but not in clay. In high bulk density soils, GPR waves failed to penetrate the soil models, and the targets were not detected. The 2.6 GHz antenna provided better response amplitudes from the targets. In the driest soil models (2.5%, and 5%), no response amplitude signatures were observed. In dry and relatively dry soil models (15%), the simulation times were much shorter to obtain a response amplitude from the targets (with feeble response amplitudes) compared to relatively wetter soils. To validate these models, laboratory experiments were conducted with three treatment factors (soil type, planting depth, and moisture content). In dry soils, corn seeds could be detected using a 2.6 GHz GPR antenna; however, the detection varied substantially within replicates of the same moisture group. Further research is necessary to understand the effects of soil moisture on the detection variability of buried corn seeds. Keywords: Corn seed, Dielectric permittivity, Electromagnetic waves, Finite difference time domain, GPR, gprMax.
A Field Vegetable Transplanter for Use in Both Tilled and No-Till Soils
Authors: Frasconi Christian , Martelloni Luisa , Raffaelli Michele , Fontanelli Marco , Abou Chehade Lara , Peruzzi Andrea , Antichi Daniele
Published: June 2019

Abstract. A commercial, manually fed vegetable transplanter was modified and adapted to work in no-till soils. Details of the modifications are described in this article. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of this transplanter under actual field conditions in both tilled and no-till soils. The draft force in the no-till soil was measured for different working tools mounted for tilling or loosening a narrow band of soil before passing with the furrower. The combination of a ripper shank opener with a straight nose point resulted in the lowest draft force values per unit of working depth. The transplanter accuracy and transplant success rate were evaluated in different vegetable crops. The accuracy parameters (multiple index, miss index, quality of feed index, and precision) were estimated and in general were similar in the tilled and no-till soils, indicating that the transplanter was able to operate in both soil conditions with the same accuracy. The transplant success rates were also similar in both soil conditions. The transplanter thus offers a satisfactory technical solution for transplanting vegetables in both tilled and no-till soils. Keywords: Conservation tillage, draft force, organic farming, transplanter accuracy, transplant success rate.
Design of Improved and Semi-Automated Red Raspberry Cane Bundling and Taping Machine Based on Field Evaluation
Authors: Khanal Kapil , Bhusal Santosh , Karkee Manoj , Scharf Patrick , Zhang Qin
Published: June 2019

Abstract.

Canopy management activities such as bundling, tying, and pruning are labor-intensive operations in red raspberry production. These activities are responsible for about 50% of the total production cost, the majority of which is spent on bundling and tying canes. In a previous study, a cane bundling and tying mechanism was developed to bundle red raspberry primocanes and wrap adhesive tape around them in an experimental red raspberry plot, with an overall success rate of 83%. The prototype was fabricated primarily for functionality evaluation, which was limited by size and precision issues. Based on the findings from that study with the first prototype, an improved mechanism with novel components was designed and fabricated to increase the accuracy and efficiency of operation in the field. The bundling and taping process was automated using a machine vision system for cane detection and localization. The time required for the mechanism to complete the bundling and taping process was decreased from 3 min to 30 s. The improved system achieved an overall success rate of 90% when tested in a red raspberry plot. The durability of two types of adhesive tape (used in the taping mechanism) in holding the bundled canes together was also evaluated. Forty-five red raspberry plants were randomly selected and tied with type I tape (tensile strength of 316 N m-1) and type II tape (tensile strength of 27 N m-1). The bundles were evaluated six months after tying. The failure of the tape to keep the cane bundles intact was significantly lower with type I tape (higher adhesive and tensile strength; two failures out of 39 tapings) compared to type II tape (seven failures out of 39 tapings). For yield comparison, manual tying was performed with baling twine (~5 mm diameter) on another 45 randomly selected plants. The mean fruit yield between machine taped and manually tied raspberry plants showed no significant difference (two-sample t-test, df = 88, p = 0.67) at 5% significance. All these results showed good potential for the development of a high-speed automated red raspberry cane bundling and taping mechanism. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, Automation, Cane bundling, Cane tying, Machine vision.
An RFID-Based Automated Individual Perching Monitoring System for Group-Housed Poultry
Authors: Wang Kailao , Liu Kai , Xin Hongwei , Chai Lilong , Wang Yu , Fei Tao , Oliveira Jofran , Pan Jinming , Ying Yibin
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Perching is a natural behavior of poultry. Considerable research has been done to explore the relationship between group overall perch usage and well-being of laying hens. To quantify the potential cause-effect relationship on individual hens with different health or well-being status (e.g., keel bone deformation, foot pad lesion, social ranking) in a group, it is necessary to identify the perching behavior of individual birds. However, continuously monitoring individual birds in a group poses considerable challenges. To enable such research and potential commercial application, this study developed and validated a radio frequency identification (RFID) based automated perching monitoring system (APMS) for characterizing individual perching behaviors of group-housed poultry. The APMS consisted of an RFID module, a load cell module, and a round wooden perch. The RFID module was comprised of a high-frequency RFID reader, three customized rectangular antennas placed under the perch, and RFID transponders attached to the birds. The load cell module was comprised of a data acquisition system and two load cells supporting both ends of the perch. The daily number of perch visits (PV) and perching duration (PD) for individual birds were used to delineate perching behavior. Three identical experimental pens, five hens per pen, were equipped with the monitoring system. Two RFID transponders were attached to each hen (one per leg), and a distinct color was marked on the bird’s head for video or visual identification and validation. Performance of the APMS was validated by comparing the system outputs with manual observation and labeling over an entire day. Sensitivity and specificity of the system were shown to improve from 97.77% and 99.88%, respectively when using only the RFID module to 99.83% and 99.93% when incorporating weight information from the load cell module. Using this system, we conducted a preliminary trial on the relationship of perching behavior and body weight of laying hens, which revealed little effect of body weight but considerable variability in perching behavior among the individual hens. The study demonstrated that the APMS had excellent performance in measuring perching behaviors of individual birds in a group. The APMS offers great potential for delineating individual differences in perching behavior among hens with different social status or health conditions in a group setting. Keywords: Individual perching behavior, Laying hen, Load cell, Precision livestock farming, RFID, Welfare.
Effects of Straw Mulching and Tillage Measures on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize Leaves
Authors: Liu Jilong , Liu Lu , Fu Qiang , Zhang Lingling , Li Jiawen , Yu Kai , Xu Qing
Published: June 2019

Abstract.

This study investigated the response mechanisms of maize leaf photosynthetic characteristics to straw mulching and tillage measures in the black soil region of northeast China. Five treatments were established based on tillage and the average straw mulch yield from prior years (6500 kg ha-1): conventional tillage with no straw mulching (CK), conventional tillage with 1.0-fold (6500 kg ha-1) mulching (CM1), no tillage with 0.5-fold (3250 kg ha-1) mulching (NM0.5), no tillage with 1.0-fold (6500 kg ha-1) mulching (NM1), and no tillage with 1.5-fold (9750 kg ha-1) mulching (NM1.5). The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and light response curves of maize leaves were determined and compared between the treatments with different straw mulching amounts and farming methods and between different growth stages. The photosynthetic capacity of maize leaves was greater under NM1.5 than under the other treatments except at the V6 growth stage, and the increase in yield was the most obvious effect. The photosynthetic capacity of maize leaves can be improved by increasing the quantity of straw mulch. The photosynthesis of maize was affected by nonstomatal factors at different growth stages, and straw mulching reduced the negative effects of nonstomatal factors on the photosynthesis of maize leaves. Based on a light response model of the photosynthetic rate, the maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, and apparent quantum efficiency increased as the straw mulch quantity increased, and the magnitude of the increase was greatest between the 1.0-fold and 0.5-fold straw mulching treatments. This finding indicated that straw mulching can increase the adaptability of maize to strong light and improve the efficiency of maize under weak light; moreover, the NM1.5 treatment led to the greatest improvement in the light response characteristics of maize leaves. Keywords: Photosynthetic characteristic, Photosynthetic light response curve, Straw mulching, Tillage measure.
3D-Printed Pneumatic Microfluidic Mixer for Colorimetric Detection of Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Yao Ping , Wang Ronghui , Xi Xinge , Li Yanbin , Tung Steve
Published: June 2019

Abstract.

3D printing can significantly improve the current fabrication techniques for microfluidic devices due to its ability to create truly 3D structures in a single step. In this study, an active pneumatic microfluidic mixer was designed and fabricated using an extrusion-based 3D printer and used for rapid detection of . The printed material of the mixer is flexible, semi-transparent, and inexpensive. The fabrication time is significantly shorter than the traditional micromolding process. The printed mixer consists of two pneumatic air chambers and one mixing chamber designed for a fluidic sample size of 100 µL. The length, width, and height of the mixer chip are 13, 12.7, and 9 mm, respectively. The performance of the mixer was tested for different actuation frequencies and pneumatic pressures. The completed 3D-printed mixer was successfully applied to the colorimetric detection of for a concentration range from 102 to 108 cfu mL-1 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The experimental results showed that the microfluidic mixer could enhance the mixing efficiency of the fluidic sample through pneumatically actuated diaphragms. In addition, the mixer could accelerate the color development caused by target , and the observed color changes could be discriminated within 5 min by naked eye. The present work will contribute to the development and optimization of a prototype for rapid detection of in food samples. It provides an effective technical approach to realize the fabrication of low-cost microfluidic chips for efficient reagent mixing in microscale biochemical detection systems. Keywords: 3D printing, Listeria monocytogenes, Microfluidic mixer, Rapid detection.
Microwave Processing of Animal Feed: A Brief Review
Authors: Brodie Graham , Bootes Natalie , Dunshea Frank , Leury Brian
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Microwave frequencies occupy the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Microwave heating involves the simultaneous and rapid diffusion of heat and moisture through a material as a result of interactions between electromagnetic fields and polar molecules in the material. Microwave treatment of animal fodder and grains achieves many beneficial outcomes. It can be used for efficient drying and moisture leveling prior to long-term fodder storage. Localized steam explosions within the cell structures during microwave treatment also significantly increase the moisture permeability of biomass, decrease its mechanical strength, and increase its digestibility. Microwave treatment also modifies protein complexes, making some grain starches more accessible to digestion and creating “bypass proteins” that are digested in the intestines rather than in the rumen. The creation of these proteins significantly improves animal production efficiency. As a secondary benefit, microwave treatment of grain and fodder can reduce milling energy, kill weed seeds, and provide some level of bio-security for farmers. Keywords: Digestibility, Fodder, Microwave, Ruminant.
Oscillating Magnetic Field (OMF) Based Supercooling Preservation of Fresh-Cut Honeydew Melon
Authors: Her Jae-Young , Kang Taiyoung , Hoptowit Raymond , Jun Soojin
Published: June 2019

Abstract.

An oscillating magnetic field (OMF) was used to extend the supercooled state in honeydew melon samples. The internal temperature of the samples under OMF treatment was kept at -5.5°C during a 21-day storage period without freezing. To inhibit ice crystal nucleation, the OMF treatment was controlled using a repeated sequence of on/off cycles with durations of 120/420 s. Quality factors of the supercooled samples were measured and compared with fresh, refrigerated, and frozen samples. Factors such as microbiological analysis, drip loss, pH, titratable acidity, and soluble solids contents indicated that the overall quality of the supercooled samples after 21 days was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from that of fresh samples. Although a few cells in the supercooled samples had undulated walls compared to fresh samples under microscopic analysis, the cells were closely bonded to each other, and distorted cells were not found. Keywords: Fresh-cut fruits, Honeydew melon, Oscillating magnetic fields, Quality assessment, Subzero preservation.
Abscess of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle: a case report
Authors: Thompson A , Pankhania M
Published: June 2019

Abscess of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle has not been previously described and could pose a diagnostic and interventional dilemma. This case summarises the clinical, microbiological, radiological and surgical issues encountered and suggests learning points for clinicians posed with similar presentations. We recommend timely assessment by an appropriately trained clinician in either ear, nose and throat or oral and maxillofacial surgery, admission to a closely observable environment with airway-trained nursing staff and with potential for escalation to high dependency or intensive care in the event of airway compromise, as well as early involvement of an anaesthetist. Multimodality imaging should be performed to identify and localise an abscess collection or phlegmon, including an orthopantomogram in anticipation of odontogenic source and dental extraction as a definitive intervention. Surgical intervention for the abscess collection should be considered with consideration of the important neurovascular structures in this region.
Retrospective analysis of 73 cases of elastofibroma
Authors: Haihua R , Xiaobing W , Jie P , Xinxin H
Published: June 2019

Objective

Elastofibroma is a rare soft-tissue tumour. This study retrospectively analysed and summarised the clinical, imaging and typical pathological features, together with the short- and long-term surgical outcomes of patients with pathologically confirmed soft-tissue elastofibroma to improve their management.

Materials and methods

We enrolled 73 patients with pathologically confirmed soft-tissue elastofibroma from January 2010 to December 2018. The general, clinical, diagnostic and treatment-related data, operation notes, pathological examination results and follow-up status were obtained by reviewing inpatient medical records. Disease onset age, sex, tumour location and size were statistically analysed using the chi square and rank sum tests.

Results

A total of 90 lesions from 73 patients were examined. Among these, 56 patients had single lesions: 27 were under the right scapula, 26 were under the left scapula, 1 at the umbilicus, 1 on the aortic valve, 1 on the right hip and 17 at the bilateral inferior angles of the scapula. The average age at onset was 56.4 years (range: 6–82 years). The male-to-female incidence ratio was about one to three. Tumour diameter and follow-up duration ranged from 2cm to 12cm and from one month to nine years, respectively; recurrence was not observed. The main postoperative complication was wound effusion, occurring in 24 sites among the 90 lesions, corresponding to an incidence rate of 26.7%.

Conclusions

A correct diagnosis of elastofibroma can be made prior to surgical resection by examining typical clinical features and characteristic imaging findings. Short- and long-term outcomes of local excision are good, with no further recurrence.
Factors affecting patient flow in a neurosurgery department
Authors: Irvine S , Awan M , Chharawala F , Bhagawati D , Lawrance N , Peck G , Peterson D , Banerjee S , Camp S
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Patient flow is the process by which movement of patients and clinical productivity is achieved. The objectives of this study were to implement and evaluate the NHS Improvement SAFER patient flow bundle, evaluate the impact of the Red2Green initiative, and assess the impact of frailty on patient flow.

Materials and methods

All patients admitted to a neurosurgery unit from 1 September to 30 November 2017 were included. Using guidance set out by NHS, data were prospectively collected from daily ward lists and patient notes, including demographics, admission and discharge details, length of stay, anticipated discharge date, red days with reasons and frailty (Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale). NHS reference costs were used for cost analyses.

Results

A total of 420 patients (55% elective) were included, totalling 3909 bed days. All patients received daily senior reviews before midday, and anticipated discharge dates were set at daily multidisciplinary team meetings. Ten per cent of patients were discharged before midday. There were 21% (837) red days, significantly more (76%) for emergency patients (639 vs 198 elective; P < 0.001); 63% red days were attributed to awaiting a bed in a local hospital; 25% (106) patients were classed as frail (50 elective), which was associated with a significantly longer length of stay (17.3 vs 6; P < 0.01), and more red days (615 vs 222; p<0.01). Considering excess bed charges and lost revenue (with penalties), red days cost over £1 million per year.

Conclusions

SAFER has identified areas for improvement in patient flow, with obvious cost implications. It has created a platform for discussion within the referral network and identified a role for a geriatric liaison service.
A multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study of variation in practice in perioperative analgesia strategies in elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery (the LapCoGesic study)
Authors: Brown L , Gray M , Griffiths B , Jones M , Madhavan A , Naru K , Shaban F , Somnath S , Harji D ,   on behalf of NoSTRA (Northern Surgical Trainees Reseach Association)
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Enhanced recovery programmes are established as an essential part of laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Optimal pain management is central to the success of an enhanced recovery programme and is acknowledged to be an important patient reported outcome measure. A variety of analgesia strategies are employed in elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery ranging from patient-controlled analgesia to local anaesthetic wound infiltration catheters. However, there is little evidence regarding the optimal analgesia strategy in this cohort of patients. The LapCoGesic study aimed to explore differences in analgesia strategies employed for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery and to assess whether this variation in practice has an impact on patient-reported and clinical outcomes.

Materials and methods

A prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal resection was undertaken over a two-month period. The primary outcome measure was postoperative pain scores at 24 hours. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22.

Results

A total of 103 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery were included in the study. Thoracic epidural was used in 4 (3.9%) patients, spinal diamorphine in 56 (54.4%) patients and patient-controlled analgesia in 77 (74.8%) patients. The use of thoracic epidural and spinal diamorphine were associated with lower pain scores on day 1 postoperatively (P < 0.05). The use of patient-controlled analgesia was associated with significantly higher postoperative pain scores and pain severity.

Discussion

Postoperative pain is managed in a variable manner in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery, which has an impact on patient reported outcomes of pain scores and pain severity.
In search of the antagonist: On inner struggles and soft parental power in Joachim Trier’s films
Authors: Birkvad Søren
Published: June 2019

A common problem for many young characters in the films of Joachim Trier – the feeling that their only antagonist in life is themselves – is also, in a sense, a problem Trier confronts as an artist, since he tends to consider all sides of a matter rather than passing judgement. The article identifies the complexity of Trier’s work through his thematization of the inner antagonist in Reprise and Oslo, 31. august (Oslo: August 31st) and the problematizing of ‘soft parenthood’ in Louder Than Bombs and Thelma. The latter film also represents a new genre-related externalization of inner, highly antagonistic forces.
Soft strength, mild mystery: Female characters in the films of Joachim Trier
Authors: Myrstad Anne Marit
Published: June 2019

The appearance and agency of the most prominent female characters in Joachim Trier’s films are analysed with reference to a study of gender relations in early New Wave cinema. Trier’s female characters emerge as strong and independent; at the same time their mild, non-threatening demeanour and appearance effectively disguise their agency. While the first three films sympathize with their female characters, Thelma is deeply ambivalent, either revealing or sustaining misogyny.
Ode to a dying God: Debasement of Christian symbols in extreme metal
Authors: Unger Matthew P.
Published: June 2019

That extreme metal has had a conflictual experience with religion is nothing new. However, extreme metal’s engagement with ‘God’ is much more complicated than mere mockery, disdain or satire. This article will explore, through a close analysis of Celtic Frost’s Monotheist, and Antediluvian’s Cervix of Hawaah and λόγος, the often sincere and thoughtful, yet critical, engagement with God and religion through a very particular voice that I see within the extreme metal ethos. This voice takes the form of deconstructing Christian mythology through the paradoxical aspects of the religious – where the aetiological aspects of a myth are undermined not by reasoned analysis but through the inverted repetition of biblical stories and mythology.
ESCRITA DE SI EM ROUSSEAU: LUGAR DE SOLIDÃO E AFIRMAÇÃO RADICAL DA PRÓPRIA EXISTÊNCIA
Authors: Dozol Marlene De Souza , Reis Lia Presgrave
Published: June 2019

Neste artigo, serão discutidas questões de ordem estético-existencial observadas na leitura d’Os devaneios do caminhante solitário de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, tendo como interlocução o texto Jean-Jacques Rousseau: a transparência e o obstáculo de Jean Starobinski que, junto a outros comentadores, alimentarão o exame do tema da solidão nas reflexões sobre o autor. A solidão será compreendida aqui como energia autoformativa e sentimento que possibilita a expressão literária da autobiografia na obra rousseauniana. Elegeram-se algumas perguntas para nortear a reflexão: o que significaria uma escrita de si como lugar de solidão e como afirmação radical da própria existência em Rousseau? Que sentido atribuir à energia autoformativa de ambas quando se trata de uma mestria de si mesmo? Uma das formas de a escrita de si afirmar radicalmente a existência em Rousseau manifesta-se na sua obsessão pela “transparência”, que o levou à conquista de uma unidade entre o próprio “eu” e a linguagem, na qual a palavra encarna o primeiro. Rousseau confunde sua existência com a própria essência da verdade, ao tomar as lembranças como matéria-prima para esses devaneios que adquirem forma literária, conferem autenticidade à obra e fabricam um discurso unificador, porque eivado de uma verdade do sentimento. Tal afirmação de si também inclui a decisão de narrar a sua vida para transmitir ao leitor uma informação mais autêntica de como se tornou quem é e porventura conseguir a remissão e o reconhecimento públicos. A escrita de si apareceria como lugar de solidão, ato de liberdade do escritor. A solidão irremediável do caminhante atuaria nos Devaneios como energia autoformativa, assumindo um valor estético e corroborando para um errante e inesgotável exercício de conhecimento do “eu” e da existência metamorfoseados em obra literária autobiográfica.
A BANALIZAÇÃO DA INJUSTIÇA SOCIAL E A PEDAGOGIA DO SOFRIMENTO: CATEGORIAS PARA PENSAR A EDUCAÇÃO SOB O NEOLIBERALISMO
Authors: Coelho Allan Da Silva , Correia José Ailton Carlos Lima
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo objetiva analisar o sofrimento humano causado nas relações de trabalho pelas novas exigências do mercado neoliberal; da sua violência psicológica e da instauração da banalização de injustiça social. Nossa pesquisa bibliográfica, na perspectiva da crítica filosófica, se inscreve nos possíveis espaços dos mecanismos subjetivos de dominação do neoliberalismo; os efeitos psíquicos sobre o humano que se tornam devastadores, cujos sofrimentos sociais se somatizam na sociedade e nem sempre são considerados estruturalmente pela educação. Consideramos o neoliberalismo como a manifestação da nova racionalidade global, como Pierre Dardot e Christian Laval (2016), a qual impera nos governos locais; mas, sobretudo, assume a própria conduta dos governados, impondo tacitamente a criação de uma nova ética pela qual as relações sociais se estabelecem: o mercado e os homens empresa. Trata-se de um mecanismo subjetivo de colonização contemporânea, cuja nova moralidade mercantil subalterniza e dociliza consciências. Pela subalternização, identificamos a intimidação e o medo nas relações trabalhistas como novas táticas de dominações, como apontam Paulo Arantes (2014) e Cristophe Dejours (2001). O sofrimento social é consequência desse novo ethos-racional capitalista. Também, no escopo dessa investigação, apontamos como lastro desse sofrimento social a categorização estrutural da pedagogia do sofrimento e do sacrifício necessário na sociedade, analisados por Veena Das (2008), como construtos de coesão social, conformação e legitimação dessa nova moralidade neoliberal por meio da própria cultura e da educação para consolidação da sociedade moderna.
Haematuria in the Elderly: a Review
Authors: Buowari Yvonne Dabota
Published: June 2019

Haematuria is a common compliant in the elderly. Microscopic haematuria is first suspected after a dipstick in urine and confirmed with urine microscopy. The causes of haematuria in the elderly may be renal or extra-renal including clotting disorders. This article is a review on haematuria in the elderly.
A patient with osteoarthritis out of a doctor's field of vision: how should joint pain be controlled within the concept of responsible self-treatment?
Authors: Karateev A. E.
Published: June 2019

The development of effective and safe treatments for osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic joint disease, is one of the main challenges facing modern medicine. Despite the fact that there are many drugs and non-drug therapies, the treatment of OA is not always successful, especially in terms of long-term prognosis. This is determined by the heterogeneity of OA, different phenotypes of this disease, as well as by a significant variability in its course, which complicates individual therapy choice. In this situation, a well-informed patient can become an effective physician assistant. Thus, the patient can control his/her condition in accordance with the responsible self-treatment principles: to assess therapy results and disease exacerbations, to maintain muscle tone and the necessary level of motor activity, to carry out therapeutic exercises, as well as to independently stop short-term increased pain episodes with over-the-counter analgesics. One of the most popular over-the-counter painkillers used worldwide is naproxen administered in low doses. This drug has proven to be an effective analgesic with good tolerability, standing out among all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs having a minimal risk for cardiovascular events. Teraliv 275 mg, a new over-thecounter formulation of naproxen, has currently emerged in Russia now. It seems that this medication will become an essential element of therapy for OA within the concept of responsible self-medication.
Neuroimaging techniques for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular diseases with cognitive impairment
Authors: Litvinenko I. V. , Emelin A. Yu. , Lobzin V. Yu. , Kolmakova K. A.
Published: June 2019

The paper provides data on current neuroimaging techniques for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive impairment (CN). Structural neuroimaging methods can identify potentially treatable diseases leading to dementia and assess the magnitude and localization of atrophic and cerebrovascular changes in brain tissue. Particular attention is paid to the specific signs of Alzheimer’s disease: to the visual assessment of sections and the use of various rating scales (GCA, MTA, Koedam). Vascular changes that are most significant for the development of CI are considered. A new approach to diagnosing CI is presented, by taking into account the biomarkers of amyloidosis, tauopathy, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular damage. The results of the authors’ own investigations using positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest allow these techniques to be recommended for the early diagnosis of CI of different genesis.
Vascular depression and cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Bogolepova A. N.
Published: June 2019

Vascular depression is a very frequent and serious complication of cerebrovascular diseases. Vascular factors play an important role in the development of affective disorders. Depression, in turn, also has a negative impact on the course of cardiovascular disease, contributing to its progression, worsens quality of life in patients, reduces functional activity, increases mortality, and increases the risk of stroke. The diagnosis of vascular depression is confirmed by MRI detection of leukoaraiosis; in this case, deep white matter hyperintensities are of importance. The very important features of vascular depression are the presence of CI and an increased risk of dementia.