bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithm to identify the signs of threatened preterm labour
Authors: Akhmetgaliev A R , Fatkullin I F , Munavirova A A , Fatkullin F I
Published: February 2017

Aim. To develop the algorithm of identification the signs of threatened preterm labour based on statistical and clinical comparison of modern available diagnostic tests: ultrasound cervicometry and express test-systems for measuring placental α1-microglobulin in cervical secretion.Methods. The analysis of case histories of patients with a diagnosis of «threatened preterm labor» was performed.Results. Total of 12 patients had premature labour accounting for 14.12%. In 8 of them placental α1-microglobulin in cervical secretion was positive and only in 5 patients cervical length was ≤20 mm according to ultrasound cervicometry. 4 patients with premature birth (ranging from 48 hours to 7 days) had false-negative test results. 7 (8.2%) patients had a false-positive result of placental α1-microglobulin test, and these patients subsequently had term birth. The sensitivity of the test for placental α1-microglobulin as a marker of premature birth was 66.67%, specificity 95.9%, specificity of ultrasound cervicometry - 47.9%, and sensitivity - 41.7%. Use of the combination of both tests can significantly reduce hyperdiagnosis of threatened preterm labour.Conclusion. Females with short cervix according to ultrasound cervicometry should reasonably be tested for placental α1-microglobulin in cervical discharge; positive result of this test will be found in those whose probability to give preterm labour during the next 14 days reaches 72.72%, and high prognostic value of a negative test result allows observing the patients in outpatient setting.
90th anniversary of the Department of Radiation Diagnostics of Kazan State Medical Academy of postdegree education
Authors: Mihaylov M K
Published: February 2017

The history of formation of the Department of radiation diagnostics in Kazan state medical academy is tightly connected with the history of roentgenology in Kazan. The Department of radiation diagnostics celebrates its 90th anniversary being deeply and successfully involved in training of highly-skilled specialists - radiation diagnosticians - and in research activities. In 1920 in Kazan the Institute for Doctor’s Improvement was organized (nowadays it is named Kazan state medical academy). The Board of the Institute decided to organize laboratories and X-ray unit on the basis of therapeutic clinic. The first study was conducted by the rector himself, professor A.R. Lurija. In 1927 assistant professor R.Ja. Gasul’, professor M.I. Nemenov’s apprentice, invited from Leningrad was elected as the Head of the Department. During the last few years professors E.F. Rottermel’, D.E. Gol’dshtejn, M.H. Fajzullin were Heads of the Department and since 1982 till present professor M.K. Mikhajlov has been the Head of the Department of radiation diagnostics.
Functional monitoring of patients with urolithiasis before and after extracorporeal lithotripsy
Authors: Sigal Z M , Styazhkina S N , Meshchanov S Yu , Sigal S Z
Published: February 2017

Aim. To determine the change of cardiovascular system parameters after extracorporeal lithotripsy.Methods. The study involved 25 patients with urolithiasis from Urology Department of «The first Republican Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Healthcare of Udmurtia» in Izhevsk at the age of 25 to 45 years, of these, 10 females and 15 males. Lithotripsy was performed on all patients. Blood pressure, heart rate, stress index, blood oxygen saturation were measured before and after intervention.Results. The data obtained allow us to conclude that in patients with urolithiasis after extracorporeal lithotripsy no specific changes in baseline cardiovascular system parameters occur. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure ranged between 5 to 10 mm Hg. Heart rate before and after extracorporeal lithotripsy practically did not change, blood oxygen saturation remained unchanged as well. Statistically significant reduction of stress index after extracorporeal lithotripsy was observed.Conclusion. Functional monitoring of patients with urolithiasis after extracorporeal lithotripsy did not reveal any significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation; stress index after the intervention statistically significantly decreased, but remains higher than normal.
Pathogenetic features of the macrotypes of chronic endometritis
Authors: Radzinskiy V E , Petrov Yu A , Kalinina E A , Shirokova D V , Polina M L
Published: February 2017

Aim. To expand the understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic endometritis based on the study of reception and markers of cell proliferation/apoptosis in its various macrotypes depending on the nature of microbial colonization.Methods. We prospectively examined a group of 345 women with early reproductive losses (history of missed miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, artificial abortion, in vitro fertilisation failures during up to 6 months after intrauterine intervention), who had histologically verified chronic endometritis. A microbiological study of cervical discharge, aspirate from the uterus, identification of the pathogens with PCR, hysteroscopic and pathomorphological study of the endometrium (paypel biopsy) were performed. Identification of hysteroscopic hyperplastic, hypoplastic and mixed macrotypes was carried out on the basis of groups of features characterizing the thickness, color and the structure of the mucous membrane, intensity of vascular pattern in the presence of chronic inflammatory process. Immunohistochemistry of endometrium was performed to determine endometrial receptors for estrogen, progesterone («Dako», Denmark), proliferative activity of endometrial epithelial cells; the intensity of the expression of Ki-67 marker, that marks the cell nucleus at G1-, G2- and S-phase of the mitotic cycle, was taken into account. Apoptosis activity in endometrial biopsies was evaluated on the basis of expression of CPP32 proteins.Results. Structural and functional disintegration of the endometrium in chronic endometritis is presented as disorders of strictly determined submicroscopic features of the cellular elements of the glandular epithelium and stroma of the endometrium, however, each of the macrotypes has its own characteristic disturbances of homeostasis and homeokinesis of endometrial tissue.Conclusions. Further study of the markers of signaling pathways regulating proliferative cascades at the endometrial level matched with endometrial response to the invasion of a pathogen and morphological transformations will allow optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of chronic endometritis and restoration of reproductive potential after reproductive losses.
Some health aspects of children born with different types of intrauterine growth restriction during the early neonatal period
Authors: Derevtsov V V
Published: February 2017

Aim. To evaluate some health aspects of children born with different types of intrauterine growth restriction during the early neonatal period.Methods. Clinical and anamnestic, physical, laboratory, electrophysiological, ultrasound and statistical methods were used. Children’s past medical history, development during early neonatal period, physical development, functioning of autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular system were assessed.Results. It was revealed that development of different types of intrauterine growth restriction is related to father and mother’s age at the time of pregnancy, women’s body mass before pregnancy, and time of pregnancy complication development (abortion risk, pre-eclampsia, arterial hypertension, Rh-immunization, edema). Fetuses with asymmetric type of intrauterine growth retardation had survived hypoxia more often (by 4.87 times). Children with symmetrical type of intrauterine growth retardation were more often born by C-section (by 2.66 times), with smaller anthropometric measurements, with more frequent and severe hypotrophy, moderate and severe cerebral ischemia and mild intracranial hemorrhage, cryptorchidism, kidney diseases, atrial septal defects, muscular ventricular septal defects, open arterial duct, and depleted reserves. Children with asymmetric type of intrauterine growth retardation more often had hypoglycemia, jaundice, polycythemia, restricted adaptation reserves, myocardial metabolic disorders, anterior mitral valve leaflet prolapse, posthypoxic changes similar to hypertrophic cardiopathy.Conclusion. Revealed features of past medical history, development during early neonatal period of life, physical development, functioning of autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular system in different types of children’s intrauterine growth restriction can promote formulation of criteria for early diagnosis of adaptive and reserve disorders and identification of dispensary groups.
Comparative analysis of physical development parameters of children with stages 1 to 3 of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nastausheva T L , Zhdanova O A , Nastausheva N S , Stahurlova L I , Grebennikova I V
Published: February 2017

Aim. To conduct comparative analysis of height, weight and body mass index in children with stages 1 to 3 of chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by recurrent urinary tract infection due to congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract.Methods. The study was performed on 210 children: 110 patients examined in 2001-2002 (group 1) and 100 children examined in 2011-2012 (group 2). Stage 1 of CKD was observed in 94 (85.4%) children in group 1 and in 93 (93%) in group 2, stage 2 - in 16 (14.6%) and 7 (7%) patients, respectively. From both groups patients matched by sex, age, diagnosis and social status were selected: 20 patients with stage 1, 19 children with stage 2; in addition, 6 children with stage 3 were examined.Results. Nowadays children with CKD stage 1 are taller compared to patients of the beginning of the XXI century (Z-score: -0.14±1.43 and 0.20±0.98 respectively, p=0.01). Significant differences in weight were found in children with stage 1 in 2011-2012 compared to the patients in 2001-2002 (0.18±0.46 and 0.78±1.19 for groups 1 and 2, respectively, р=0.026). A tendency towards decrease of average height in children with stage 3 is observed compared to patients with stage 1, i.e. due to the progression of the disease.Conclusion. The data obtained reflect modern tendencies towards increase of children height and weight. No significant differences were found in physical development parameters of children with stages of chronic kidney disease 1 and 2 examined at the same time period but a tendency towards children’s height decrease from stages 1 to 3 of CKD of non-glomerular etiology was revealed.
Time frames and volume of surgical intervention of reconstructive restorative stage after Hartmann’s procedure
Authors: Gataullin I G , Khalikov M M , Kozlova E V , Afanas’eva Z A , Potanin V P
Published: February 2017

Aim. To improve immediate and remote results of reconstructive restorative procedures in patients with complicated colorectal cancer.
Methods. The study is based on clinical experience of treatment of 107 patients who had reconstructive restorative procedures performed in specialized oncology institution after previous Hartmanns procedure performed in urgent surgical department for complicated colorectal cancer. Reconstructive restorative procedures were performed at different time after the primary operation. To assess functional state of anal sphincter all patients were adminestered sphincteromentry during the preoperative period. Morphological analysis of all tissues removed during the surgery was performed. To evaluate morphological changes of distal end of the stump at different time a histological analysis was performed.
Results. According to the results of sphincterometry dynamic reduction of tonic contraction and maximum pressure of anal sphincter is observed. The more the period between Hartmanns operation and reconstructive restorative surgery, the less pronounced muscle tone of anal sphincter. Histological studies of intestinal wall during the first 3 months after Hartmanns surgery revealed intact quantity and size of intestinal crypts, non-significant inflammatory infiltration of mucous and submucous layers, during the period of 4 to 6 months - initial signs of diversion colitis, during the period of 7 to 12 months - atrophic changes in mucous membrane (reduction of crypts quantity, their shortening, decreased thickness of mucus), after 1 year - signs of atrophy of its submucous layer.
Conclusion. Reconstructive surgery in patients with previous Hartmanns surgery for complicated colorectal cancer should be performed in specialized departments with all modern methods of surgical, radiation and medical treatment of colon cancer available; based on functional and morphological studies the optimal time frame for reconstructive surgery is 1 to 3 months after the initial surgery.
Thyroid diseases and risk of non-thyroidal pathology
Authors: Glushakov R I , Kozyrko E V , Sobolev I V , Ermolova S A , Vlaseva O V , Kuzin A A , Tapilskaya N I
Published: February 2017

The review presents generalized epidemiological data on the prevalence of non-neoplastic thyroid pathology in developed and developing countries, in particular in regions with iodine deficiency and the influence of mass iodine prophylaxis on reducing the incidence and prevalence of thyroid diseases in these regions. The data on the prevalence of subclinical hypo- and hyperthyroidism are presented, where according to the averaged data 1 clinical manifestation of thyroid insufficiency accounted for 20 cases of unregistered subclinical hypothyroidism, and 1 case of identified thyroid hyperfunction accounted for 15 cases of subclinical hyperthyroidism. Methodological, clinical and social difficulties in studying the prevalence of thyroid pathology are described. The main nongenomic actions of thyroid hormones, which originated from extracellular domains of cell adhesion protein - integrin αVβ3, resulting in activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and serine-threonine-protein kinases, are presented. The ultimate cell and tissue response to this stimulation is the activation of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and increased expression of tissue-specific proinflammatory genes, which ultimately lead to acceleration of the «cancer development and its natural history». Data from epidemiological studies, which established a correlation between thyroid status and incidence (prevalence) of malignant neoplasms, are given. As a result of population-based studies analysis it was demonstrated that long term hyperthyroidism increases the risk of developing malignant neoplasms of different localizations, in particular breast, ovarian, prostate and lung cancer.
Cardiovascular risk and history of gestational hypertension in women of reproductive age
Authors: Shamkina A R , Sadykova A R
Published: February 2017

In recent years, gestational hypertension, defined in accordance with the classification of the European Society of Cardiology (2011) as hypertension induced by pregnancy, occurring with or without proteinuria, developing after 20 weeks of pregnancy and resolving up to 42 days after delivery, is considered as a adverse prognostic factor in respect of development of cardiovascular diseases in the future and cardiovascular mortality. This review presents the results of various studies on the relationship of history of gestational hypertension with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, target organ damage, associated clinical conditions and cardiovascular risk in women, including those of reproductive age. Determination of the individual cardiovascular risk in women, especially in young women, is difficult due to the low sensitivity and specificity of the tests in this category of patients. In spite of the conducted studies and obtained experience regarding issues on the relationship of history of hypertension during pregnancy with cardiovascular risk, until now the origin and the contribution of the various forms of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, including gestational hypertension, to the development of future cardiovascular disease is still unclear. Detection of the history of gestational hypertension will allow to more accurately assess the individual cardiovascular risk and administer an adequate range of therapeutic and preventive measures for women, including those of reproductive age, at an earlier stage.
An Increasing In Productivity And Marketing Of Batik Industry in Sragen, Central Java
Authors: S Anastasia Riani , H Sarah Rum , Rahmawati Rahmawati , P Sri Seventi
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to increase of the welfare of most people in the research area of the object, ie in Masaran Subdistrict, Sragen, Central Java, by encouraging the batik industry in that area.So far, most people living in Masaran, Sragen, work in the batik industry as labor. This research were conducted in three Small-Scale Medium Businesses (SMEs) in that Subdistrict, ie BatikMorinda, Sadewa and Bimo Suci. Those batik companies have advantages in the production process. All of them use natural coloring material (not the chemical stuff). Therefore their productsare more natural, environmental-friendly and have high interest in the international market.The research problems are: limited production capacity due to limited production tools, the ability of available human resources is the minimum, traditional business management, limited andless inovative batik designs, and employers do not have the skills in export. In overall, the pattern used in the implementation method of this activity includes: discussion, workshop / studio work,factory operating, training and mentoring (groups / individuals). The steps in the implementation of science and technology are: team discussion with the SMEs regarding the development of batik designs roomates have high interest in the market and unavailable in the SME, designing machines (feeder) roomates are needed for production, managerial trainings (accounting, marketing, human resources) and techinal trainings in order to increase of the ability / skill of the workers.Besides, the Efforts to develop the usage of natural coloring materials are more encouraged by assisting the SMEs in providing access to the source of raw materials and lab testings. Then, those activities are followed by mentoring so that all activities can be conducted effectivelyacctivities.
PENGARUH PERCEIVED USEFULNESS DAN PERCEIVED EASE OF USE TERHADAP ATTITUDE TOWARD USING E-FAKTUR
Authors: Perangin-angin Widia Afriani , Respati Agustini Dyah , Kusumawati Maharani Dhian
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTTechnology Acceptance Model (TAM) is one of modeling acceptance of information technology system that can be used to determine the attitude of Pengusaha Kena Pajak (PKP) in accepting or even refusing the new system of taxation, which is e faktur. The construct in TAM that is used is the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness is one of the perceived about the function, while the perceived ease of use is the perceived about the ease. The aim of this research is to test the effect of the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on the attitude of PKP in accepting or refusing the e-faktur. The data used is primary data, that directly collected from the respondents by distributing the questionnaire. The respondents of this research are PKP that has been using the e-faktur system. The numbers of the respondents are 71 respondents. The analysis tool that is used is the double linear analysis. This research find that there is positive effect between perceived usefulness and attitude toward using e-faktur, while perceived ease of use has no effect attitude toward using e faktur.
PENGARUH RASA BERSALAH DAN PERASAAN YANG MENYEBABKAN RASA BERSALAH PADA PERILAKU PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP MEREK HIJAU
Authors: Dewangga Puri Dyah Anindita
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIn the early 1990s, environmental issues are appointed as joint problems that need to be taken seriously by many parties (Grillo et al., 2008). Governments, organizations, entertainers and consumers share responsibility in maintaining and protecting the environment for future generations. In the field of marketing, environmental issues is not only the responsibility of the marketer, but also all consumers. For marketers, environmental issues can be a competitive advantage criteria that influence consumer buying behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of consumer attitudes to green advertising and ecofriendly brand, as well as consumers’ purchasing intentions toward eco-friendly brands and buying behavior of consumers towards eco-friendly brand using guilty feeling allure of high and low. The method used in this study is an experimental method and analysis tool used is regression. The results of this study indicate that the level of traction guilty feeling on eco-friendly advertising had negative effect on consumer attitudes toward the green advertising and eco-friendly brand, consumer attitudes toward green advertising had positive influence on consumer attitudes towards eco-friendly brand and the intentions of its purchasing eco-friendly brand, but the intention to buy consumers towards eco-friendly brand hadn’t positive influence on their purchasing behavior on a eco-friendly brand.
Pelvic lymphadenectomy as a component of interval cytoreduction for ovarian cancer: is there a benefit? A pilot study
Authors: Kumar D. Suresh , Noushad S. Navin , Viswanathan M. P.
Published: February 2017

Background: Management strategy in ovarian cancer includes a combination of cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy. Interval cytoreductive surgery has been shown to be oncologically non-inferior to primary cytoreduction with the additional benefit of reduced morbidity. Lymphadenectomy as a component of cytoreductive surgery has been controversial with an unproven therapeutic benefit.Methods: Records of patients with a histological diagnosis of ovarian cancer and treated with interval cytoreduction were evaluated. Disease related, pathological and treatment data collected for analysis.Results: The study included 32 patients with a mean age of 56 years (41-76). Serous papillary tumors (42%) were the predominate histology and the majority were in stage III disease (84%). Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 93%. The mean nodal harvest was 9.8 nodes with left pelvic dissection yielding slightly more nodes than the right (4.5 vs 5.2). Nodal positivity was observed in just one patient (3%). A total of 314 were nodes examined with only 2 (0.6%) yielding persistent disease. The nodal positivity yield tested as a categorical variable by the binomial test returned P=0.0001.Conclusions: It is possible to omit pelvic nodal dissection during interval cytoreduction in otherwise optimally cytoreduced patients particularly when imaging and intraoperative assessment are not suggestive of pelvic nodal metastasis.
Percutaneous vascular closure device of the femoral access site after coronary interventions for acute coronary syndrome -immediate and short term follow-up
Authors: Manzil Ashraf Safiya , Vala Sidharaj , Vala Sidharaj
Published: February 2017

Background: Around 7 million patients undergo percutaneous interventional vascular procedures worldwide annually and this number is expected to escalate further in coming years. The aim of this study was to analyse immediate and short term follow up of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through femoral route and closure with vascular closure device.Methods: This was non randomised, single centre study and was conducted in a tertiary care institution between January 2013 to June 2014 with 62 ACS patients undergoing femoral access invasive cardiac interventional procedure. Perclose A-T system was used in all patients as closure device. Patients were followed up to 15 days of clinical evaluation.Results: Of 62 ACS patients, 40 (64.5%) were with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and 22 (35.5%) patients had history of unstable angina. The perclose device achieved closure within 5 to 10 minutes and all patients were kept in hospital stay for 2 to 3 days. There was one major complication of continuous bleeding, one incidence of small pseudo aneurysm, and two incidences of small hematomas with need of blood transfusion.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the ability of arterial closure device to safely and effectively achieve arterial closure in patients undergoing percutaneous intervention for ACS.
Simulation of the work process of a two-stage pump with a first-stage hydraulic drive
Authors: Matveev V. N. , Shabliy L. S. , Krivtsov A. V. , Zubanov V. M. , Ivanov A. I. , Kositsin I. P. , Baturin N. V.
Published: February 2017

This article describes a method of CFD-modeling of a two-stage high-pressure pump. The main feature of the pump is the hydraulic drive of the low-pressure stage that takes energy from a high-pressure flow. The speed of the turbine is determined by the power balance of a low-pressure rotor. The modeling technique presented in this paper includes two major advantages over previous studies. The first feature is the determination of the speed of rotational velocity during the CFD-calculation by a special methodology. The second feature is cavitation simulation to assess its impact on the pre-pump workflow at a relatively low inlet pressure. Recommendations for the use of software (ANSYS CFX, NUMECA AutoGrid5, ANSYS ICEM CFD) are an important part of the simulation technology described. These recommendations concern the choice of the modeling area, mesh generation, choice of turbulence models, verification of convergence, post-processing of the results. The adequacy of the CFD-model was evaluated by comparing the calculated and experimental performance obtained on a test rig. The use of the resulting methodology of pump simulation improves the productivity and increases the efficiency of pumps with a hydro-drive of the low-pressure stage.
Peculiarities of the working process of low-thrust hypergolic-propellant liquid rocket engines with a thrust of less than 1 N
Authors: Nigodjuk V. E. , Sulinov A. V.
Published: February 2017

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the peculiarities of the working process of low-thrust hypergolic- propellant liquid rocket engines (LTLRE) with the thrust of less than 1 N. We also discuss ways of improving their efficiency, reliability and stability of parameters. To study the stability of the hydraulic characteristics of LTLRE capillary nozzle elements we experimentally investigated the hydrodynamic characteristics of the capillaries under conditions of isothermal flow of water and heat supply and proposed a method of their calculation. Using the proposed calculation method we studied the changes of the capillary hydraulic resistance for the engine injector head and showed that the effect of thermal factors can lead to significant changes in the hydraulic characteristics of nozzle elements of engines with the thrust of less than 1 N and, consequently, to the instability of its parameters and off-design engine operation. A theoretical and simulation study was carried out to determine the region of total liquid-phase mixing depending on the capillary diameter and the thrust of the engine. It is shown that low efficiency of liquid-phase mixing of the components is the main reason for the low efficiency of LTLRE with the thrust of less than 1 N. We investigated experimentally the variation of energy parameters of a jet-mixing engine with the thrust of less than 1 N depending on the thrust level. We propose to use a precombustion chamber as a possible way of intensifying the intrachamber workflow. The influence of prechamber on the energy parameters of a LTLRE with the thrust of less than 1 N is analyzed. The possibility of intensifying the intrachamber workflow with the use of a prechamber is shown. Recommendations on the choice of the geometry of the prechamber are given.
Characteristics of a fuel spray downstream the pressure atomizers under high pressure in the combustion chamber
Authors: Sviridenkov A. A. , Tretyakov V. V.
Published: February 2017

The paper presents numerical calculations of a fuel spray downstream a swirl-type fuel injector carried out for various pressures in the combustion chamber using the model of liquid film motion. The effect of the chamber pressure, or, to be more exact, the air density in the pressure chamber on the fuel spray characteristics is investigated. The mathematical model was constructed on the assumption of one- dimensional and steady swirling flow. The liquid is considered to be incompressible and have zero pressure gradient in the direction of the film motion and in the tangential direction. The influence of viscous forces on the motion of liquid is neglected, but the viscous interaction at the interface between liquid and gas is taken into account. The change of velocity in the circumferential and normal directions can be neglected, because in practice the film thickness is considerably smaller than the spray radius. It is shown that the pressure increase in the combustion chamber makes spray characteristics significantly different from those observed at atmospheric pressure. An increase of pressure results in increasing the thickness of the fuel film and decreasing the spray-cone angle. It leads to an increase in the average Sauter diameter in the spray of fuel atomized by the pressure atomizer. The air flow downstream the swirl nozzle has the opposite influence on the size of drops in case of increased pressure in the chamber.
Morphological characteristics of the intermetallic phase of heat resisting nickel alloys
Authors: Kirikov S. V. , Perevezentsev V. N. , Tarasenko Yu. P.
Published: February 2017

The paper discusses the main stages of the automatic quantitative analysis of parameters of the'-dispersed phase in high-temperature polycrystalline nickel alloys and indicates their main difference from the standard methods of analyzing disconnected phases. We present 4 classes of characteristics of dispersed phase particles. These characteristics include the volume fraction, the dimensional parameters of particles and the spatial distribution parameters. For example, we calculated the parameters of the '-phase of a blade made of a heat resisting nickel alloy In792. The volume fraction and the equivalent diameter of the '-phase disperse particles increase in operation while their concentration decreases. These parameters of the '-phase change with changes in the mechanical properties of the alloy. The shape of the particles and the scatter of '-phase concentration change little in the process of operation.
Mathematical model of surface layer formation during hydroabrasive jet machining
Authors: Meshcheryakov A. V. , Shulepov A. P.
Published: February 2017

The article discusses the formation of the surface layer in hydroabrasive jet machining. We propose a mathematical model of surface microrelief formation under the influence of abrasive particles on the work surface. A single act of contact interaction of an abrasive particle with the surface is the basis of the model. The microrelief of the work surface is presented in the form of isotropic functions. We regard contact interaction of abrasive particles with the surface as the intrusion of a rigid sphere in a plastic half-space. We developed an algorithm and software package for the implementation of surface modeling. The article presents the results of calculations of surface roughness on the basis of the proposed model, as well as the results of experimental studies of roughness with the use of full-scale specimens made of a VT9 titanium alloy and a ЖС6Ф heat-resistant alloy. The model makes it possible to select the necessary technological process parameters to provide the desired surface roughness.
Development of an exhaust air turbine engine
Authors: Yeliseev Yu. S. , Fedorchenco D. G. , Tsibizov Yu. I. , Tyulkin D. D. , Tkachenko A. Yu.
Published: February 2017

The article discusses ways of utilizing exhaust gas heat to improve the power efficiency of heat engines. The concept of an air turbine engine is chosen to make a generator drive with the capacity of 150 kW intended to produce energy for a gas-pumping unit. In an air turbine engine atmospheric air heated by the exhaust gases of the gas turbine drive of a gas pumping unit serves as the working fluid. Three thermodynamic cycle schematics for an air turbine engine (ATE) are analyzed. The optimal design of an ATE comprising a two-stage axial compressor, a recuperative air heater (RAH), an ejector and a single-stage axial turbine is determined on the basis of thermodynamic calculations. Compressed air from the ATE compressor unit is used in the ejector as the active flow, while the combustion products of the NK-16ST engine are used as the passive flow. The recuperative air heater and ejector are located in the exhaust line of the gas pumping unit. The chosen design concept of the air turbine engine corresponds to the technical requirements of gas transmission enterprises.
Method of calculating the thickness of the combustion chamber of a liquid rocket engine made with the use of innovative technologies and materials
Authors: Krivonogov A. V.
Published: February 2017

The use of innovative techniques in the production of parts and assembly units is one of the promising trends connected with increasing mass-energy characteristics of liquid- propellant jet engines. The article presents a concept of development of a liquid-propellant jet engine combustion chamber with the use of modern technologies and materials. We propose making the mixing head according to the additive technology. The cylindrical part of the combustion chamber integrated with the nozzle is to be made of carboncarbon composite material. The article presents a configuration of innovative combustion chamber design and indicates its advantages. The results of calculating geometrical parameters are given for certain initial data. The formulas and results of calculations of the specific heat flow rate along the length of the combustion chamber and the nozzle are also given in the article. The existing methods of over-heating protection of the wall of the chamber are described in the article. The results of testing all these methods of over-heating protection show that they are not efficient enough for the innovative combustion chamber. The new method suggested by the author gives the opportunity to solve the problem by means of calculating the wall thickness taking into account the influence of inner pressure and high temperatures. The method includes both solving the task of transient heat conduction by the finite-deference method and strength calculation using the momentless theory of shells.
Development of intelligent peripheral devices of control and emergency protection systems for ground testing of liquid-propellant rocket engines
Authors: Volnukhin O. A. , Liseykin V. A. , Tozhokin I. A. , Churin M. N.
Published: February 2017

One of the promising trends in the improvement of stand test data management and control systems and emergency protection systems involves the development of intellectual peripheral devices that provide communication with test articles. Due to the incorporation of their own processors in such devices they can solve problems of receiving data from sensors and initiating lower level control actions (independently from the master controller) on the actuators of controlled objects, which enhances the reliability and quality of control. The paper presents the latest developments directly related to the control of liquid-propellant rocket engine (LRE) parameters during stand tests, i.e. control of electro-hydraulic tilt actuators of LRE combustion chambers; control of stepping motors for the regulation of mixture ratio  and control of vernier engines; receiving, processing and recording of signals from turbine flow meters and turbopump RPM sensors.
Peculiarities of computer modeling of the working process in small gas turbine engines
Authors: Kuz'michev V. S. , Tkachenko A. Yu. , Ostapyuk Ya. A.
Published: February 2017

The article describes a thermo-gas-dynamic model of small gas turbine engines. The model takes into account the influence of the engine size on the efficiency of work processes in the crucial components. Gas turbine engines are classified according to their size depending on the value of the gas generator mass flow rate corrected by the compressor exit parameters. An important feature of the working process in small gas turbine engines is that hydraulic losses in the flow section increase with the decrease in the engines size due to the increase of the boundary layer relative thickness. The efficiency of the compressor and turbine also decrease because of the increase in relative radial clearances. These factors are taken into account in computer modeling by making allowances for the initial values of compressor efficiency, fuel combustion efficiency, the total pressure loss coefficient and turbine efficiency. The suggested approaches were used to improve computer models of gas turbine engines. It is shown that reducing the engine size results in considerable decrease of the work process optimal parameters and specific parameters. Taking into account the influence of the engine size on the efficiency of its components widens the range of its applicability and improves the adequacy. Thus, the models provide a more adequate solution for the optimization of working process parameters and can be used for conceptual designing of small gas turbine engines.
Динамика изменения уровней психической адаптации с тестовыми показателями суицидального риска в молодежной среде
Authors: Конончук Виталий Витальевич , Журавлев Александр Константинович , Михальчик Сергей Владимирович
Published: February 2017

В статье представлена зависимость наличия тестовых показателей суицидального риска с динамическими уровнями психической адаптации и типами личности в молодежной среде.
Terceirização na Administração Pública
Authors: Guerra Evandro Martins , D'Amato Mariana Coelho
Published: February 2017

Seguindo uma tendência mundial, aos poucos vem ocorrendo no Brasil grande flexibilização da utilização de mão de obra terceirizada. Nessa seara, o Poder Público, com o intuito de diminuir o acúmulo de tarefas, buscando maior eficiência, vale-se cada vez mais do instituto da terceirização para realizar suas atividades. Ainda que o tema seja controverso, levando em conta o princípio da descentralização, é possível reconhecer o fato de a função administrativa ser passível de repasse ao particular. Contudo é necessário discernir qual o alcance e de que forma a terceirização deve ser tratada no âmbito público, bem como a sua utilização no que tange à atividade-fim da Administração. Com esse objetivo, este trabalho visa analisar a evolução jurisprudencial, normativa e doutrinária acerca do tema.

 

 
Cidade e mobilidade: por um novo desenho urbano no Brasil
Authors: Sarmento Joaquim Miranda , Marques Mónica
Published: February 2017

Este artigo pretende analisar os contratos de Parcerias Público-Privadas de Portugal, tendo como foco o período de concessão de 14 rodovias portuguesas, e procura observar se o período de concessão atribuído ao setor privado está coerente com o investimento realizado ou se, como alternativa, foi dado demasiado (ou menos) tempo de exploração da concessão. Considerando esse período de concessão e, por meio do cálculo do Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) de cada projeto, bem como de uma análise de sensibilidade sobre os principais componentes do VPL (com recurso à simulação de Monte Carlo), foi possível comparar o período mínimo de cada rodovia com o período de concessão atribuído. Na maioria dos casos analisados há evidência de que o Estado português ofereceu demasiado tempo de concessão, o que poderá incorrer em custos desnecessários e gerar retornos excessivos para o setor privado.
Ouvidorias Públicas Municipais: instrumento de ressignificação da democracia
Authors: De Paula Reis Leandro Roberto
Published: February 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a importância das Ouvidorias Públicas Municipais como instrumento de ressignificação da democracia. A democracia representativa se tornou incapaz de fornecer respostas aos anseios e às pretensões de uma sociedade cada vez mais complexa e heterogênea, conduzida por um corpo político com baixos níveis de legitimidade, resultado de um sistema eleitoral distorcido e de modelos de burocracia estatal que possuem seus fins em si mesmos. As fórmulas da denominada democracia participativa, em que o povo interfere e contribui com os rumos dos governos, constituem alternativas possíveis de superação da crise do modelo representativo. Aí surge o instituto das Ouvidorias Públicas como o instrumento capaz de reconhecer e garantir que o cidadão possa influenciar nos desígnios da administração pública e participar diretamente na formação da vontade governamental. É nesse contexto que o ente federativo municipal — devido a sua proximidade com os cidadãos e a posição de destaque e autonomia conferida pela Constituição Federal de 1988 — pode se transformar no principal indutor de mudanças do sistema democrático, a ser protagonizado por meio da implantação de Ouvidorias Públicas Municipais.
Enfermedades de transmisión sexual y salud sexual del costarricense. Tema II. Sífilis y gonorrea
Authors: Gutiérrez-Sandí William , Chaverri-Murillo Jorge , Navarro-Cruz Jorge Eduardo
Published: February 2017

Son muy diversas las causas que pueden causar la aparición de una enfermedad de transmisión sexual. Entre las más comunes están las bacterias, que pueden transmitirse por contacto sexual (sea vaginal, anal u oral).

En esta segunda entrega sobre la salud sexual de los costarricenses se analiza el comportamiento de dos enfermedades de alta prevalencia y que en muchas ocasiones se acompañan de otras de transmisión sexual. Dichas patologías son sífilis, ocasionada por la espiroqueta Treponema pallidum, y gonorrea causada por Neisseria gonorrhoeae, que es un diplococo gram negativo. 

En este artículo se analiza el comportamiento de estas patologías a nivel regional en América Latina y su comportamiento a nivel local en Costa Rica. No es necesario que el lector sea experto en el tema, pues se parte de la definición de la patología, sus síntomas, métodos de diagnóstico, así como los posibles tratamientos.

Se muestran los resultados obtenidos por la unidad de vigilancia del Ministerio de Salud de Costa Rica, de manera que es posible observar y analizar el comportamiento de estas dos enfermedades en el país entre los años 2002 y 2012.

Aunque los tratamientos utilizados para combatirlas son de uso común en los centros de atención de los niveles II y III del sistema de salud pública costarricense, es difícil erradicarlas como enfermedades comunes de transmisión sexual. 
Comparación interlaboratorial de medición de energía eléctrica 2014
Authors: Magaña-Godoy Saúl , Castro-Blanco Isabel , Sánchez-Vargas Harold
Published: February 2017

En este trabajo se describe y presentan los resultados de una comparación de medición de energía eléctrica entre laboratorios, que se llevó a cabo en Costa Rica y Panamá en 2014. El laboratorio piloto fue el Laboratorio Metrológico de Variables Eléctricas (LMVE) del Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE) como instituto designado en Costa Rica para Electricidad, Magnetismo, Tiempo y Frecuencia. La comparación tuvo como participantes a seis laboratorios secundarios de Costa Rica y al Centro Nacional de Metrología de Panamá (CENAMEP AIP).
Estudio sobre la concentración de nitratos en los principales acuíferos del Valle Central de Costa Rica, periodos 1989-2005 y 2006-2015
Authors: Mora-Alvarado Darner A. , Alfaro-Herrera Nuria , Portuguez-Barquero Carlos Felipe
Published: February 2017

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un análisis de las concentraciones de nitratos en 24 fuentes de agua de los acuíferos de Barva, Colima Superior y Colima Inferior, Costa Rica, en el periodo 2006-2015, compararlos con un trabajo similar realizado en el periodo 1989-2005 e identificar el cumplimiento del valor máximo permisible de 50 mg/L estipulado en el Reglamento para la Calidad del Agua Potable de Costa Rica y sus tendencias. Se analizaron cerca de 2.500 datos históricos del Programa de Vigilancia y Control de la Calidad del Agua del Laboratorio Nacional de Aguas del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados. Los resultados indican que las 24 fuentes son potables por nitratos y cumplen con el valor máximo permisible, con promedios inferiores a 25 mg/L, excepto La Libertad y el pozo Belén 3, y que el acuífero más vulnerable a la contaminación es Colima Superior. El punto de muestreo con mayor tendencia a la contaminación es la fuente de La Libertad, con 26,3 mg/L y 30,30 mg/L en los periodos 1989-2005 y 2006-2015, respectivamente. Se debe continuar con el monitoreo frecuente de estas fuentes y aplicar la legislación vigente, para proteger las zonas de recarga de estos tres importantes acuíferos.
Degradación de bromacil mediante la cepa IT-01 de Penicillium spp. y su aplicación en un biofiltro a escala laboratorio
Authors: Campos-Vargas Emmanuel , Calvo-Romero Kenia , Montero-Campos Virginia
Published: February 2017

El bromacil es un pesticida que se ha encontrado en fuentes de abastecimiento de agua en Costa Rica. Se ha estudiado su degradación en matriz acuosa, principalmente con métodos fotoquímicos. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que evalúo la degradación de bromacil por un hongo filamentoso identificado como cepa IT-01 del género Penicillium spp, aislado de suelo contaminado con el herbicida. Se estudió y valoró la eficiencia de remoción del bromacil en un biofiltro a escala laboratorio. Las pruebas se realizaron en el laboratorio de Ingeniería Aplicada de la carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental y el Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos (CEQIATEC) del Tecnológico de Costa Rica. La eficiencia de remoción del pesticida al utilizar el microorganismo en un medio acuoso suspendido fue del 50% en 72 horas; sin embargo, al fijarse el hongo en esponja marina y utilizarse en un biofiltro, se obtuvo una eficiencia promedio del 80%, en un tiempo de 18 a 39 segundos. Durante los ensayos del biofiltro se evaluó el tipo de esponja marina como medio de soporte, el efecto de la inoculación del medio filtrante y el tiempo de retención hidráulico. Utilizando el software Minitab, se determinó, con un 95% de confianza, que la inoculación del medio fue el único parámetro que afectó significativamente la eficiencia de remoción del bromacil.