bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indirect effects of oil products on the environment
Authors: Krinochkina Olga , Krinochkin Lev , Mamina Dinya , Khurnova Ludmila , Fedoseev Oleg
Published: June 2024

The article is focused on chemical and radioactive contamination of the environment during hydrocarbon production. The objective of the research is to present relatively unknown facts of indirect long-term environmental effects of hydrocarbon production. Traces of radioactive contamination of soils, ground- and surface water were studied, and also in drinking water in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The authors’ own field and laboratory studies were used. They were performed as part of the preparation of geochemical base map (GHO-1000) of 1:1000000 scale in the Republic of Bashkortostan and in the Ukhto-Izhemsky oil and gas bearing region. The methods applied for laboratory research were inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for soil and bottom sediment samples and atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AMS) for ground- and surface waters. It has been determined that in the areas affected by oil production the chemical pollution aspects include deterioration of the groundwater quality caused by associated water and oil products ingress into aquifers due to violation of the oil and gas well drilling techniques, and soil salination caused by frequent equipment breaks during oil production. Aspects of radiation contamination of the environment during oil production include the intake of radionuclides with associated water, and sometimes with heavy hydrocarbon fractions, as well as the consequences of underground nuclear explosions. It is concluded that the territories of hydrocarbon exploration, production and storage should be classified as areas of potential risk for radioactive contamination and chemical pollution (by inorganic compounds, including heavy metal salts). Uranium concentration in drinking water was determined by the INAA method (instrumental neutron activation analysis).
Axiological significance of axiological education for the preparation of students of technical specialties
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Ospanova Bayandy , Dosbenbetova Anara , Oripov Khasan , Kabulova Zamira , Yangibayeva Nazira , Mamatkulova Shoira
Published: June 2024

In the modern information world, much attention is paid to the issue of training specialists in engineering and technical specialties, since their need is determined by high rates of scientific and technological progress. However, effective professional formation of specialists in technical specialties and their development as individuals is not possible without students' perception of socio-cultural values. The application of the axiological approach creates conditions for the successful assimilation of social values by students. The training of students of technical specialties should focus not only on the formation of professional training , but also should contain the education of students with a broad worldview . awareness of professional and spiritual values. Value orientation is a basic component of a person's spiritual worldview. The system of personal values inherent in a particular individual forms his behavior in society. A person's motivation explains why a person committed this or that act, and a person's value system can explain for what purpose he committed this act. Technical specialists should be pleased with the competence of activities in difficult economic and social conditions. Personal development should provide for a continuous process, which should include not only the development of new knowledge, but also an active transformation of the environment. The need for axiological education is dictated by global changes in society, the widespread introduction of information technologies and, as a result, new, increased requirements for specialists in technical specialties from potential employers and society. The personality model of a technical specialist should contain a wide range of personal characteristics that allow to increase the level of effectiveness of this specialist.
Green consumption in the context of quality-quantity balance
Authors: Ganebnykh Elena , Altsybeeva Irina , Prorokov Andrey , Mottaeva Angela
Published: June 2024

The issue of green consumption is traditionally viewed from the perspective of harm to the environment, while the reasons for its occurrence are, among other things, socio-economic in nature. The research described in the article is aimed at identifying the dependence of consumer satisfaction with the quality of consumed goods on the number of offers of these goods. The study was conducted as part of Monitoring the state and development of competitive markets in the Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation. The results showed a close relationship between the observed facts: the greatest satisfaction with the quality of goods is observed precisely in those markets where consumers noted a large number of organizations and goods offered. The growing trend of over-consumption forces us to look for ways to limit it. Since developing countries have a culture of prestige consumption, measures of conscious restriction of consumption, which work well in developed countries, are not suitable in this case.
Competitive models behaviors
Authors: Pasholikov Maxim
Published: June 2024

Modern forms of organization of activities have led to the need for strategic management of industrial business. The complexity and uncertainty of the external environment have of strategic partnership. The implemented cooperation strategy creates conditions for the integration of economic interests. Competition limits the growth of prices and promotes the use of various methods of struggle in the market. The system of strategic marketing planning has a cyclical character, the author has developed and justified the content and logic of its functioning. It is established that marketing activity is a set of practical actions to achieve marketing goals. The paper presents a theoretical justification for the development of marketing strategies and forms of competition. It is proved that the marketing planning system allows solving the problems associated with the introduction of new products to the industrial market, the main characteristics of the strategy and conditions for the successful implementation of innovative products are determined.
Informational uncertainty as a determinant of attitudes towards environmental law and behavior
Authors: Matveeva O.
Published: June 2024

This article explores how information uncertainty affects people's attitudes to legal behavior in the context of environmental law. The article delves into the complexity of decision-making processes when you come across ambiguous or incomplete information regarding environmental regulations. By examining how uncertainty around laws and their enforcement affects relationships and compliance with legal norms, the study sheds light on the subtle interaction between information gaps and behavioral responses. The author studies how risk perception, trust in regulatory authorities and clarity of legal regulations contribute to the formation of people's attitudes towards compliance with environmental legislation. Understanding these dynamics can inform policy makers and regulators about strategies to increase clarity, transparency and communication in environmental law enforcement. By explaining the role of information uncertainty in shaping attitudes towards legal behavior, this article helps to develop more effective strategies to promote compliance with environmental requirements and environmental sustainability.
Organizational and legal principles of environmental education in higher education institutions
Authors: Azarkhin Aleksey , Ivanova Svetlana
Published: June 2024

This article is devoted to the definition of organizational and legal bases for environmental education in universities. The introduction actualizes the problems and prospects of professional environmental education, defines its object, the relationship of the subject of professional activity with the environment and the subject, organizational and legal foundations of establishing the relationship of the subject of professional activity with the environment. In the course of description of materials and methods of research the conclusions are made that ecological education is realized actively at all educational stages. As a consequence, the entrants have formed an ecological culture and the corresponding ecological experience of the subject. Each educational level is completed and is a springboard for the formation of ecological consciousness and ecological thinking. The main results of the research in the article are presented by the description of the model of environmental education in higher education institution, which includes target, methodological and methodological blocks. The purpose of environmental education is the definition of organizational and legal conditions for establishing the relationship of the future subject of professional activity with the environment. The methodological basis of environmental education is represented by a set of principles of axiological, activity and system approaches. The methodological block reveals and substantiates the most appropriate forms and methods of environmental education in higher education. Forms - conferences and forums, among the many methods mentioned in the article the project method takes a priority place. The discussions formulate organizational and legal conditions for establishing the relationship of the future subject of professional activity with the environment.
Sustainable development and challenges of the time in modern ecology (using the example of China)
Authors: Baihetiyaer Dannier
Published: June 2024

The paper explores the relationship between traditional values in Chinese culture and modern environmental problems. The authors analyze which aspects of Chinese culture can contribute to sustainable development, especially in the context of climate change, environmental pollution and threats to biodiversity. The article discusses the concepts, principles and practices inherent in traditional Chinese culture that can be adapted and implemented to solve modern environmental problems. This may include aspects of philosophy, ethics, art, as well as traditional methods of natural resource management. The article also discusses the opportunities for modern society in China to integrate these values into politics and everyday life in order to create sustainable practices and promote environmental responsibility. The authors highlight examples of successful integration of traditional values into modern sustainable development initiatives. Thus, the paper presents a look at the potential of using cultural heritage to solve modern environmental problems and emphasizes the importance of taking traditions into account when forming sustainable development strategies in China and possibly in other parts of the world.
Sustainable growth of modern corporations as the major factor for ensuring strategic development
Authors: Romanova Natalia
Published: June 2024

The article highlights some issues related to the topic of sustainable growth of modern companies. In general, this topic is quite broad and is not limited to the activities of companies. It is also about how to ensure sustainable growth in the global economy in the near future and in the long term. For this purpose, the states are joining their efforts to control harmful emissions into the atmosphere, ensuring clean seas and oceans, preserving forests from fires, etc. And if we bear in mind that without the direct participation of business -public and private -it is impossible to cope with this problem, then all companies should build their strategy in such a way as to contribute to this multifaceted programme. The article discusses modern concepts to ensure the growth of companies operating in a difficult economic and political environment. According to the given calculation algorithms, the indicators of sustainable and optimal growth of three Russian public joint stock companies, Severstal, NLMK, and MMK, are determined and evaluated for the period from 2019 to 2021.
The impact of small business on sustainable development in the Vuca- and Bani-worlds
Authors: Daroshka Vitali , Aleksandrov Igor , Kulkaev Grigory , Skryabina Sofya , Chekhovskikh Irina , Vasilenkova Anastasiya , Ilina Victoria , Ol Ekaterina
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the presentation of scientific results of the author’s research and development of scenarios for the development of small business in Russia under the conditions of VUCA and BANI worlds. The authors analyze the impact of small business on the process of sustainable development. According to the results of the scientific publication it was argued that the life cycle of small business in Russia is in complex turbulent conditions resulting from the manifestation of VUCA-and BANI-factors and their multiplication as a result of overlapping each other: challenges and threats to sustainable economic development of the Russian Federation in conditions of global military and political turbulence and market fluctuations; the state policy of building a digital economy and scaling the activities of marketplaces; Chinese “soft” and “hard” power. The prospects of the scientific research are the analysis of possible effects of the established “black swans”: the collapse of the Eurozone due to the sharp increase in sovereign debts of the countries and deterioration of the financial state; the launch of the center of Islamic finance in Istanbul as a counterweight to the established world financial centers; the forcing by Russia and its allies (primarily China and India) of the processes of launching digital currencies and (or) the approval of a new single currency in contrast to the dollar and the euro.
Principles of environmental law in Russia
Authors: Lang Petr
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the provisions of domestic normative-legal base and legal doctrine on the content and meaning of the principles of modern environmental law of Russia. The author’s opinions and approaches to the doctrinal categories under consideration are studied, theoretical problems on the stated subject, and algorithms for their resolution in the foreseeable future are presented. The main purpose of the research is to accumulate the gained theoretical and empirical experience on the problems of formation of the system of principles of modern environmental law, to identify problematic issues and to develop measures to resolve them in the foreseeable future. The author analyzed the opinions and approaches of domestic and foreign authors, which made it possible to form a reasonable position on the stated subject. Theoretical significance of the research results consists in the possibility of their use in the course of further scientific developments on the issues of improving the system of principles of environmental law. Practical significance of the research results consists in the possibility of their use in legislative activities and in the development of educational and methodological literature on legal disciplines.
Mechanical Properties and Failure Mode of Proximal Screw Fixation Technique Using Locking Compression Plate for Proximal Interphalangeal Arthrodesis in Horses: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: de Souza Anderson F. , Pereira César A.M. , Costa Claudio , Fürst Anton , Kümmerle Jan M. , De Zoppa André L.V.
Published: June 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to measure the mechanical properties and failure mode of an ex vivo model of proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis in horses with different methods of proximal screw fixation using a locking compression plate.

Study Design Pastern joint arthrodesis with a 3-hole 4.5-mm narrow locking compression plate was performed on 20 forelimbs of equine cadavers, randomized into four groups based on the fixation method and type of proximal screw used: unicortical cortex, bicortical cortex, unicortical locking, bicortical locking. Single-cycle axial compression testing was conducted until failure. The frequency of implant plastic deformation was recorded. Bone failure analysis was performed through computed tomography examinations and fractal analysis.

Results There were no differences in the analysed mechanical variables and fractal dimension among the groups. Transarticular screws showed a higher frequency of deformation (75%) regardless of the group. Both unicortical locking and bicortical locking groups deformed the plate more frequently.

Conclusion The type of screw used in the proximal hole of the locking compression plate and its method of anchoring in the proximal phalanx do not affect the mechanical properties of pastern arthrodesis in equine cadavers subjected to single-cycle axial compression tests until failure.
Beyond experiential knowledge: a classification of patient knowledge
Authors: Dumez Vincent , L’Espérance Audrey
Published: June 2024

Patients’ experiential knowledge is increasingly documented as a valid form of knowledge in the health sector and is often said to be a source of valuable information to complement the knowledge of health professionals. Although this increased recognition is outlined in the health science literature and formalized in certain organizational and clinical contexts, it remains difficult for various actors of the health ecosystem to contour the different forms of knowledge patients acquire through their experience as well as to consider them as essential in co-building care plans and as an asset to build care relationships. The aim of this review is twofold: (1) to challenge the dominant model of knowledge in medicine and healthcare by making the various forms of patient knowledge more explicit and tangible and (2) to provide a better understanding of what experiential knowledge consists of by classifying the various forms of knowledge patient acquire, develop, and mobilize throughout their care journey. A narrative review allows to classify six types of patient knowledge according to their source of learning: embodied, monitoring, navigation, medical, relational, and cultural knowledge. The three main sources of learning, namely the self, the system, and the community grounds patients’ learning process in their health journey.
Plasma dynamics and collisional magnetic presheath structure in unmagnetized divertor plasma in fusion devices
Authors: Baranovsky I. , Kaveeva E. , Rozhansky V.
Published: June 2024

A model of strongly ionized plasma dynamics in a slightly inclined magnetic field with ions, unmagnetized with respect to ion–ion collisions, typical for detached regimes, is presented. It is demonstrated that far from the material surface, the parallel dynamics remains almost the same as in the magnetized plasma. In the wall vicinity, parallel plasma motion is transformed into perpendicular classical diffusion originating from electron–ion collisions, forming a diffusive layer. At a distance of few ion gyroradii from the material surface, a collisional magnetic presheath is formed, where ions move toward the surface with the velocity of the order of the sound speed, in spite of the fact that an ion exhibits many collisions before reaching the surface. For typical inclination angles of magnetic field of the order of few degrees, the electrostatic potential in the diffusive layer and in the presheath deviates considerably from the Boltzmann potential for electrons, which is typical for collisionless magnetic presheath. Moreover, the normal electric field in some regions is directed away from the surface, which is important for impurities to interact with the surface.
Improving preparedness for introducing and scaling up long-acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Asia
Authors: Bavinton Benjamin R. , Schmidt Heather-Marie A. , Mills Stephen , Phanuphak Nittaya
Published: June 2024

Long-acting injectable PrEP, particularly cabotegravir (CAB-LA), has the potential to enhance HIV prevention in Asia, and was the topic of a roundtable held in Singapore in June 2023. Despite proven efficacy, CAB-LA’s impact in Asia is hindered by regulatory, manufacturing, and cost barriers. There is an urgent need to address these challenges to expedite CAB-LA’s introduction and scale-up, including collaborative research, streamlined regulatory processes, and increased manufacturing capacity. We call for better preparedness in long-acting PrEP in research and implementation science, product licensing and accessibility, and capacity readiness for scale-up, to meet the significant demand among key populations in Asia.
What young women (aged 24–29 years) in Australia think about self-collection for cervical screening: a brief report
Authors: Zammit Claire M. , Brooks Alexandra , Brotherton Julia M. L. , Nightingale Claire E.
Published: June 2024

Background In mid-2022 Australia’s National Cervical Screening Program made self-collection of a vaginal sample an option for screening for young women or people with a cervix aged 25 to 29 years for the first time. This study explored what young women thought about, and wanted to know about, self-collection, and what their future screening preferences are. Methods Young women (n = 21), aged 24–29 years, were recruited through social media. Semi-structured interviews explored screening history, screening preferences and thoughts about self-collection. Data were analysed using an a priori coding framework informed by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Results Young women valued the addition of self-collection to the national cervical screening program, believing it to be less invasive and more convenient. However, they also valued the choice to opt for a clinician-collected specimen if preferred. Conclusions Self-collection is a valuable addition to the National Cervical Screening Program. This study suggests that continued efforts are needed to raise awareness of its availability, and improve understanding about its accuracy, the ease of collection, that you still need to engage with a primary healthcare service to access it and that you can still opt for a clinician-collected test.
Decoding transcriptomic signatures of cysteine string protein alpha–mediated synapse maintenance
Authors: Wang Na , Zhu Biqing , Allnutt Mary Alice , Grijalva Rosalie M. , Zhao Hongyu , Chandra Sreeganga S.
Published: June 2024

Synapse maintenance is essential for generating functional circuitry, and decrement in this process is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease. Yet, little is known about synapse maintenance in vivo. Cysteine string protein α (CSPα), encoded by the
Dnajc5
gene, is a synaptic vesicle chaperone that is necessary for synapse maintenance and linked to neurodegeneration. To investigate the transcriptional changes associated with synapse maintenance, we performed single-nucleus transcriptomics on the cortex of young CSPα knockout (KO) mice and littermate controls. Through differential expression and gene ontology analysis, we observed that both neurons and glial cells exhibit unique signatures in the CSPα KO brain. Significantly, all neuronal classes in CSPα KO brains show strong signatures of repression in synaptic pathways, while up-regulating autophagy-related genes. Through visualization of synapses and autophagosomes by electron microscopy, we confirmed these alterations especially in inhibitory synapses. Glial responses varied by cell type, with microglia exhibiting activation. By imputing cell–cell interactions, we found that neuron–glia interactions were specifically increased in CSPα KO mice. This was mediated by synaptogenic adhesion molecules, with the classical Neurexin1–Neuroligin 1 pair being the most prominent, suggesting that communication of glial cells with neurons is strengthened in CSPα KO mice to preserve synapse maintenance. Together, this study provides a rich dataset of transcriptional changes in the CSPα KO cortex and reveals insights into synapse maintenance and neurodegeneration.
Pleiotropy of positive selection in ancient ACE2 suggests an alternative hypothesis for bat-specific adaptations to host coronaviruses
Authors: Guo Yuan-Ting , Jiang Ji-Bin , Qiao Guan-Rong , Luo Rong-Hua , Zhou Xin , Hua Rong , Zheng Chang-Bo , Liu Zhen
Published: June 2024

Angiotensin-convertingenzyme 2 (ACE2) has dual functions, regulating cardiovascular physiology and serving as the receptor for coronaviruses. Bats, the only true flying mammals and natural viral reservoirs, have evolved positive alterations in traits related to both functions of ACE2. This suggests significant evolutionary changes in ACE2 during bat evolution. To test this hypothesis, we examine the selection pressure in ACE2 along the ancestral branch of all bats (AncBat-ACE2), where powered flight and bat-coronavirus coevolution occurred, and detect a positive selection signature. To assess the functional effects of positive selection, we resurrect AncBat-ACE2 and its mutant (AncBat-ACE2-mut) created by replacing the positively selected sites. Compared to AncBat-ACE2-mut, AncBat-ACE2 exhibits stronger enzymatic activity, enhances mice’s performance in exercise fatigue, and shows lower affinity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our findings indicate the functional pleiotropy of positive selection in the ancient ACE2 of bats, providing an alternative hypothesis for the evolutionary origin of bats’ defense against coronaviruses.
Rethinking researcher-participant roles
Authors: Guinto Nicanor Legarte , Villaverde Brian D. , Demetrial Amiel Jansen , Maguyon III Aurelio Teodoro
Published: June 2024

Recent studies on language and migration have attempted to address the social injustices stemming from global
disparities in wealth and opportunities. However, there’s a risk of researchers unintentionally reinforcing traditional power
dynamics, positioning themselves in power while reducing participants to mere data sources. Focusing on migrants in precarious
living conditions, whose migration is often a consequence of political and economic upheaval in the origin, this paper
interrogates the role of researchers and the researched with respect to social justice perspectives. We argue that conducting
research on, for, and with such vulnerable migrant populations requires a reflexive understanding of our own positions and
decisions throughout our engagement with participants. We propose that this approach is most effectively executed if we treat
participants as equal partners in knowledge generation and social action, guided by principles of care, empathy, and
unconventional methodologies. Through this, we hope to advocate for migration linguistics that is truly fair, just, and empowering
among migrants.
Comparison of linear energy transfer measurement for therapeutic carbon beam using CR-39 and TLD
Authors: Yuan Zhou , Zhuo Weihai , Yang Shiyan , Li Zhiling , Zhao Jingfang , Chen Bo
Published: June 2024

The measurement of linear energy transfer (LET) is crucial for the evaluation of the radiation effect in heavy ion therapy. As two detectors which are convenient to implant into the phantom, the performance of CR-39 and thermoluminescence detector (TLD) for LET measurement was compared by experiment and simulation in this study. The results confirmed the applicability of both detectors for LET measurements, but also revealed that the CR-39 detector would lead to potential overestimation of dose-averaged LET compared with the simulation by PHITS, while the TLD would have a large uncertainty measuring ions with LET larger than 20 keV μm−1. The results of this study were expected to improve the detection method of LET for therapeutic carbon beam and would finally be benefit to the quality assurance of heavy ion radiotherapy.
Uncertainty quantification for velocity measurement with 2D2C particle image velocimetry
Authors: Fu Qixing
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a theoretical model of dimensionless instantaneous and average velocity measurement uncertainty quantification with 2D2C particle image velocimetry (PIV) is established under the framework of generally adopted international uncertainty quantification standards. The effectiveness of the model is verified using uniform flow field testing data. Combined with semi-quantitative analysis of the theoretical model, uncertainty control suggestions for PIV measurements are given. The major sources affecting the uncertainty of instantaneous velocity measurements are the reference velocity, particle instantaneous pixel displacement, and their correlation term. For average velocity measurement uncertainty quantification, the uncertainty of particle average pixel displacement is effectively controlled by taking a large number of particle images. Thus, three single-component terms — the calibration factor, particle average pixel displacement and reference velocity — and two correlation terms — the particle average pixel displacement–calibration factor and the particle average pixel displacement–reference velocity — all make an important contribution to the average velocity measurement uncertainty. To reduce the uncertainty of PIV velocity measurement, one can reduce the reference velocity measurement uncertainty, optimize the PIV algorithm and improve the calibration factor by applying a high spatial resolution imaging system in experiments. In addition, reducing the reference velocity measurement uncertainty and improving the spatial resolution are key feasible methods.
Contribution of oxygen vacancies to phase transition and ferroelectricity of Al:HfO2 films
Authors: Liu Xin , Yao Lulu , Zhao Weidong , Wang Jiawei , Cheng Yonghong
Published: June 2024

We investigate the effects of oxygen vacancies on the ferroelectric behavior of Al:HfO2 films annealed in O2 and N2 atmosphere. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the O/Hf atomic ratio was 1.88 for N2-annealed samples and 1.96 for O2-annealed samples, implying a neutralization of oxygen vacancies during O2 atmosphere annealing. The O2-annealed films exhibited an increasing remanent polarization from 23 μC cm−2 to 28 μC cm−2 after 104 cycles, with a negligible leakage current density of ∼2 μA cm−2, while the remanent polarization decreased from 29 μC cm−2 to 20 μC cm−2 after cycling in the N2-annealed films, with its severe leakage current density decreasing from ∼1200 μA cm−2 to ∼300 μA cm−2. A phase transition from the metastable tetragonal (t) phase to the low-temperature stable orthorhombic (o) phase and monoclinic (m) phase was observed during annealing. As a result of the fierce· competition between the t-to-o transition and the t-to-m transition, clear grain boundaries of several ruleless atomic layers were formed in the N2-annealed samples. On the other hand, the transition from the t-phase to the low-temperature stable phase was found to be hindered by the neutralization of oxygen vacancies, with almost continuous grain boundaries observed. The results elucidate the phase transformation caused by oxygen vacancies in the Al:HfO2 films, which may be helpful for the preparation of HfO2-based films with excellent ferroelectricity.
On working gas rarefaction in high power impulse magnetron sputtering
Authors: Barynova Kateryna , Rudolph Martin , Suresh Babu Swetha , Fischer Joel , Lundin Daniel , Raadu Michael A , Brenning Nils , Gudmundsson Jon Tomas
Published: June 2024

The ionization region model (IRM) is applied to explore working gas rarefaction in high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharges operated with graphite, aluminum, copper, titanium, zirconium, and tungsten targets. For all cases the working gas rarefaction is found to be significant, the degree of working gas rarefaction reaches values of up to 83%. The various contributions to working gas rarefaction, including electron impact ionization, kick-out by the sputtered species or hot argon atoms, and diffusion, are evaluated and compared for the different target materials, and over a range of discharge current densities. The relative importance of the various processes varies between different target materials. In the case of a graphite target with argon as the working gas at 1 Pa, electron impact ionization (by both primary and secondary electrons) is the dominating contributor to working gas rarefaction, with over 90% contribution, while the contribution of sputter wind kick-out is small

<

10

%. In the case of copper and tungsten targets, the kick-out dominates, with up to ∼60% contribution at 1 Pa. For metallic targets the kick-out is mainly due to metal atoms sputtered from the target, while for the graphite target the small kick-out contribution is mainly due to kick-out by hot argon atoms and to a smaller extent by carbon atoms. The main factors determining the relative contribution of the kick-out by the sputtered species to working gas rarefaction appear to be the sputter yield and the working gas pressure.
Modeling of contact resistivity and simplification of 3D homogenization strategy for the H formulation
Authors: Wang Sijian , Yong Huadong , Zhou Youhe
Published: June 2024

The finite element method (FEM) provides a powerful support for the calculations of superconducting electromagnetic responses. It enables the analysis of large-scale high-temperature superconducting (HTS) systems by the popular H formulation. Nonetheless, modeling of contact resistivity in three-dimensional (3D) FEM is still a matter of interest. The difficulty stems from the large aspect ratio of the contact layer in numerical modeling. Nowadays, an available solution is to model the contact layer with zero thickness but requires the discontinuity conditions of the magnetic field. In this paper, the energy variational method is utilized to incorporate the contribution of contact resistivity into the H formulation. From the perspective of energy transfer, the contact resistivity is related to the energy dissipation of the radial current flowing through the contact interface. In terms of applications, this method can be employed to calculate the charging delay of no-insulation coils and the current sharing behaviors of CORC cables. One advantage of this model is that the magnetic field is continuous and hence can be easily implemented in FEM. Additionally, it requires fewer degrees of freedom and hence presents advantages in computational efficiency. Moreover, this method can be employed to simplify the 3D H homogeneous model for insulated coils. The above discussions demonstrate that the proposed model is a promising tool for the modeling of contact resistivity.
Assessment of the INRIM trace water generator and analysis of the uncertainty components down to −100 °C frost-point temperature
Authors: Cuccaro Rugiada , Beltramino Giulio , Rosso Lucia , Nobakht Rezvaneh , Fernicola Vito
Published: June 2024

A low frost-point generator (INRIM 03) able to operate at sub-atmospheric pressure has been recently designed, constructed, and assessed at the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM) with the aim of providing the metrological traceability both to instruments developed for the measurement of humidity in atmosphere and to sensors and analysers used in industry for controlling and measuring the amount of water vapour in manufacturing processes. The humidity generator operates in a single temperature single pressure mode, letting the carrier gas (nitrogen) achieve saturation in a single passage through an isothermal saturator. Its working range encompasses a frost-point temperature range from −100 °C to −20 °C, in a pressure range between 200 and 1100 hPa, corresponding to an amount of water fraction range from 13 · 10−9 mol·mol−1 to 6.2 · 10−3 mol·mol−1. In a previous work its performance was assessed in the frost-point temperature range from −75 °C to −20 °C (Cuccaro et al 2018 Meas. Sci. Technol.
29 054002). In this work, a comprehensive set of tests for its characterisation and performance evaluation between −75 °C and −100 °C is presented. A detailed uncertainty analysis in the above temperature range is reported, taking into account all the sources of uncertainty that affect the humid gas generation. An expanded uncertainty (k= 2) of 0.07 °C was found for frost-point temperature measurements between −75 °C and −95 °C, while an expanded uncertainty of 0.26 °C resulted at a frost-point temperature of −100 °C. The relative expanded uncertainty (k = 2) associated with water vapour amount fraction measurements was estimated equal to or better than 1.2% between 35 · 10−9 mol·mol−1 and 6.1 · 10−3 mol·mol−1, increasing up to 6.5% at 13∙10−9 mol·mol−1.
Summary of the 29th IAEA fusion energy conference under the topics magnetic fusion experiments (EX) and innovative & alternative concepts (IAC)
Authors: Litaudon X. , Mazon D.
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The paper provides a high level summary of the contributions given at the 29th International Atomic Energy Agency Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2023) London, United Kingdom, 16–21 October 2023 (available at: https://iaea.org/events/fec2023) under the categories ‘Magnetic Fusion Experiments including validation’ (EX) and ‘Innovative & Alternative Concepts’ covering linear configuration, non-magnetic configurations, fusion-fission hybrids concepts. For the category EX, the summary is limited to three sub-categories Heating & Current Drive, Waves, Stability. The experimental results reported in this publication cover the period since the previous 28th FEC, which was a virtual event held from 10th to 15 May 2021.
Plasmoid drift and first wall heat deposition during ITER H-mode dual-SPIs in JOREK simulations
Authors: Hu D. , Artola F.J. , Nardon E. , Lehnen M. , Kong M. , Bonfiglio D. , Hoelzl M. , Huijsmans G.T.A. ,   the JOREK Team
Published: June 2024

The heat flux mitigation during the thermal quench (TQ) by the shattered pellet injection (SPI) is one of the major elements of disruption mitigation strategy for ITER. It’s efficiency greatly depends on the SPI and the target plasma parameters, and is ultimately characterised by the heat deposition on to the plasma facing components. To investigate such heat deposition, JOREK simulations of neon-mixed dual-SPIs into ITER baseline H-mode and a ‘degraded H-mode’ with and without good injector synchronization are performed with focus on the first wall heat flux and its energy impact. It is found that low neon fraction SPIs into the baseline H-mode plasmas exhibit strong major radial plasmoid drift as the fragments arrive at the pedestal, accompanied by edge stochasticity. Significant density expulsion and outgoing heat flux occurs as a result, reducing the mitigation efficiency. Such drift motion could be mitigated by injecting higher neon fraction pellets, or by considering the pre-disruption confinement degradation, thus improving the radiation fraction. The radiation heat flux is found to peak in the vicinity of the fragment injection location in the early injection phase, while it relaxes later on due to parallel impurity transport. The overall radiation asymmetry could be significantly mitigated by good synchronization. Time integration of the local heat flux is carried out to provide its energy impact for wall heat damage assessment. For the baseline H-mode case with full pellet injection, melting of the stainless steel armour of the diagnostic port could occur near the injection port, which is acceptable, without any melting of the first wall tungsten tiles. For the degraded H-mode cases with quarter-pellet SPIs, which have

1

/

4

total volume of a full pellet, the maximum energy impact approaches the tolerable limit of the stainless steel with un-synchronized SPIs, and stays well below such limit for the perfectly synchronized ones.
2D Analytical Modelling for Ultrasonic Inspection of Concrete Structures: Effects of Scatterers Position Correlation
Authors: Khalid N. , Darmon M. , Chaix J.-F.
Published: June 2024

Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) simulation plays an important role in designing inspections of concrete structures. The concrete structural complexity (presence of different heterogeneities: aggregates, porosities, microcracks …) leads to dispersion and attenuation of the ultrasonic waves, which requires an accurate modelling of the waves scattered from heterogeneities. For that purpose, studying the mean coherent wave characterized by its attenuation and phase velocity is of great interest. Two major approaches (numerical or analytical) exist for modelling the coherent wave. Numerical methods are more efficient but still limited in the 3D case by their computation time. Therefore, semi-analytical homogenization methods are considered a practical solution for a fast 3D simulation. Nevertheless, they may encounter several limitations in estimating the attenuation in dense heterogeneous materials such as concrete. Our goal is to explain and handle these prediction errors. Since the scattered ultrasonic field depends strongly on the obstacles’ positions in concrete, a particular focus is put on the pair correlation function describing the radial distribution of scatterers’ positions around a fixed scatterer (mean concentration at a distance r from this scatterer). Existing homogenization models are employed for simulating coherent wave propagation in concrete use by simplification of a uniform distribution. In order to improve the analytical models, the effects of scatterers’ positions correlation are investigated. In the present work, we propose to evaluate precisely the existing homogenization model that is the most suitable for high scatterers concentration. A comparison between this model and a 2D finite element code under development in the CIVA NDT simulation software is presented.
Non-Integer Dimensional Analysis of Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Fractal Porous Media
Authors: Bouchendouka A , Fellah Z.E.A , Ogam E , Fellah M , Depollier C
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the acoustics of porous media characterized by fractal, or self-similar, structures. Employing a fractal approach, we use differential operators in non-integer dimensional spaces to address the fundamental equations of acoustics in such media. The primary aim is to examine the transmission of ultrasonic waves within a fractal porous medium. Our findings reveal that the fractal dimension significantly influences wave transmission. In fractal porous materials, waves travel along more complex and intricate paths, resulting in increased tortuosity and attenuation. We introduce the concept of an effective path length leff
, which is dependent on the fractal dimension Dx
, to describe the actual trajectory of wave propagation. Additionally, we define an effective tortuosity αDx

, directly proportional to

l

e
f
f

2

, to quantify the additional tortuosity brought about by the fractal structure. The insights gained from this study are crucial, as they enhance our understanding of wave behavior in self-similar porous media, which are prevalent in various natural settings and have multiple practical applications, including sound insulation and the design of acoustic materials. Furthermore, understanding the impact of fractal dimensions on wave behavior is vital for developing more efficient acoustic solutions. This research also sets the stage for further theoretical and experimental work on applying fractal geometry to analyze wave propagation in porous structures.
Experimental study on dynamic response of seabed around offshore monopile under wave action
Authors: Yu Peng , Hu Ruigeng , Zhu Chenghao , Zhang Xide , Zhao Jieru , Yang Qi
Published: June 2024

The hydrodynamic loads exerted on offshore wind structures are intricate, and primarily influenced by marine dynamics. The interaction between waves and seabed soil can lead to liquefaction, posing a threat to the secure functioning of offshore installations. This study focuses on the silty seabed, investigating the soil surrounding the monopile through pore pressure response tests conducted in a specially designed wave tank. The research delves into the pore pressure response patterns at various depths and positions of the piles. The findings reveal that the amplitude of pore pressure elevation preceding the introduction of a pile is greater than the post-pile values. Moreover, there is a notable escalation in pore pressure amplitude with increasing depth. Consequently, in practical applications, safeguarding the deeper region in front of the monopile assumes paramount importance. These research outcomes offer valuable insights for enhancing the safety protocols governing offshore wind turbine operations. The emphasis on shielding the deeper sections preceding the monopile, as suggested by this study, holds practical significance in optimizing the operational safety of offshore wind power installations.
Thermal-electric modelling and multi-state joint parameter identification of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xia Chongfei , Zhang Lijun , Barzegar Farshed
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a model for the characterization of thermal-electric properties of lithium-ion batteries. The model achieves high accuracy estimation of the temperature and voltage-current characteristics of the battery considering thermal electric coupling. A second-order equivalent circuit model and a lumped-parameters thermal model are developed to capture the electric and temperature characteristics of the cell separately. A polynomial product equation is proposed to capture the relationship between battery temperature and state of charge for the purpose of describing the interactions of thermal and electric parameters during the charging/discharging processes. Experimental data of an NCR18650B lithium-ion battery cell are gathered in laboratory tests and used for parameter estimation of the model built in the paper. Compared with the existing thermal-electric coupling models that rely on a look-up table, the model proposed achieves better accuracy in terms of temperature and voltage-current characteristics estimation.
Research on the performance of porous ZIF materials in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Zhongsu , Sun Wei , Chen Yuting , Liu Chunyu , Song Kangle , Chen Qianqian , Liu Xiaohong , Ren Guohong
Published: June 2024

Porous materials have attracted more and more attention in the application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which can improve their performance. Herein, a porous zeolite imidazolate skeleton structure material (ZIF-8@ZIF-67) was manufactured by the two-step synthesis approach. Simultaneously, its morphology structure, pore size, and composition were characterized. The ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was used for the negative electrode material to construct the LIBs to test the performance. The test results show that ZIF-8@ZIF-67 can be used as the electrode material to enhance the capacity and cycling property of LIBs. This investigation provides an avenue for the application of porous materials in LIBs.
A distribution network traveling wave localization method based on CEEMD-DEO3S
Authors: Ning Yuzhou , Yu Kun , Zeng Xiangjun , Li Shijie
Published: June 2024

A traveling wave head calibration way according to Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMD) and Three-point Symmetric Differential Energy Operator (DEO3S) is proposed to address the issues of noise interference and difficulty in precise positioning in local area network wave positioning. The way filters out low-frequency bandwidth in the fault data by performing CEEMD decomposition on the signal and then uses the DEO3S algorithm to define the time of arrival of the fault wave head. The emulation results indicate the proposed way can precisely extract wave heads even in the presence of a large amount of noise interference, and has good robustness and accuracy. Compared with traditional traveling wave positioning methods, it has obvious advantages and further improves the accuracy and reliability of traveling wave positioning.