bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformation of the Program Strategy of a Niche Entertainment TV Channel under Conditions of a Competitive Media Environment (on the Example of STS and TNT)
Authors: Mogilevskaia Vasilisa
Published: December 2021

Under conditions of a competitive media environment, linear TV channels should pay special attention to broadcast planning. This article presents the results of a study that was an attempt to analyze the changes that have occurred since 2012 in the programming of niche entertainment channels STS and TNT. Created in the second half of the 1990s, both TV networks remain popular among the target audience today; it seemed relevant to find out how their programming strategies were transformed taking into account the increased competition, including the one from non-linear services. The study was based on the method of quantitative content analysis with further comparison of the results obtained. In the course of the work, the genre and thematic characteristics of broadcasters’ content were determined, the origin of telecasts was established, the quality of films and series was assessed, and the programming tactics used in the formation of broadcast grids were analyzed. The study found that the changed media environment had a significant impact on the broadcast planning of both TV channels: over the years, both TNT and STS have become more active in using programming techniques aimed at retaining the audience and ensuring its natural flow between time slots, as well as taking a more careful approach to selecting content for showing. Taking into account the audience ratings of STS and TNT, we can talk about the success of such an approach to broadcast planning, which becomes more effective in combination with the broadcaster’s active presence on the Internet.
A Stochastic Model of the Repressive-Preventive Impact on Crime: from Intuition to Calculations
Authors: Maksimov Sergey , Vasin Yury , Utarov Kanat
Published: December 2021

The authors analyze the use of new digital technologies for automated collection, analysis and assessment of large volumes of data on crime, its key factors and the effects of crime countraction efforts with the goal of a gradual transition from the intuitive method of crime counteraction to the calculations-based one. The hypothesis of the study is that a continuous multi-source monitoring of quantitative crime indices, factors and the effects of crime counteraction efforts will make it possible not only to optimize budgetary expenditure on fighting crime, but also to find effective solutions for other practical problems of crime counteraction efforts (specifically, problems of evaluating and compensating the inflicted damage, problems of reducing the number of ungrounded changes in criminal, criminal procedure and penitentiary legislation).
A specific modern feature of the state policy of combating crime is that digital technologies make it possible to develop and implement a stochastic model of repressive-preventive impact on crime with the use of criminal law, criminal procedure and penitentiary measures. It is suggested that the use of the stochastic model of repressive-preventive impact on crime should be viewed as a necessary condition for the development and adoption of national and regional programs of crime counteraction financed by the federal and regional budgets.
The authors believe that the introduction of the stochastic model of the repressive-preventive impact in the practice of crime counteraction should be conducted in several stages. At the first stage, the federal law and the Act of the RF Government shoud determine the conditions of a mid-term experiment on the territories of some subjects of the Russian Federation, which will ensure a continuous monitoring, including the collection, processing and analysis of statistical data, results of population and experts’ surveys on the condition and dynamics of grave and especially grave crime, its factors and the effects of state efforts to counteract such crimes. At the final stage of the introduction of a stochastic model of the repressive-preventive impact on crime in the practice of state governance, the authors suggest creating an automated federal system of multi-source monitoring of indexed crimes (these are the crimes most «sensitive» for achieving the goals of national security and ensuring public order, which require non-stop monitoring), their key factors and the results of counteracting them.
Key expected results from the introduction of this stochastic model and a continuous mlti-source monitoring into the practice of crime counteraction should be the optimization of budgetary expenses on criminal prosecution, the reduction of the number of inmates, the reduction of the number of changes introduced into the Criminal, Criminal Procedure and Penitentiary Codes of the Russian Federation.
Overview of Solutions and Design Methods for Linear Electric Generators with Permanent Magnets
Authors:   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Kramarov Andrey , Pavlenko Aleksandr ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Batishchev Denis ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Trocenko Igor ,   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI)
Published: December 2021

An overview of methods for calculating and designing linear electric generators with permanent magnets is given. The techniques are grouped according to the type of calculation approach used. A detailed analysis of the proposed methods and assumptions is carried out, conclusions are drawn about the possibility of their use in the design of electric generators with permanent magnets with solid magnetic circuit elements. The main assumptions are related to the representation of the parameters of the equivalent circuits of magnetic systems. It was found that the main part of the methods does not take into account the influence of magnetic hysteresis and eddy currents in solid elements of the magnetic circuit. It is shown that many approaches aimed at designing electric machines with permanent magnets can be adapted to linear electric generators.
Design of an Optimal Controller in a Voltage Regulation System When Powering Submersible Electromechanical Equipment
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Shandarova Elena , Bukreev Viktor ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Rulevskiy Victor ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics
Published: December 2021

The paper addresses the issue of designing an optimal controller using the measured state variables of a nonlinear multi-dimensional object with transient disturbances – power supply of submersible electromechanical equipment with AC transmission via a cable power line. We present an approach to the design of an adjustable PI-controller enabling to determine its closed-form parameters with the linearized model of a complex control object. A numerical example for simulation of a power supply highlighting capability of the design algorithm for the optimal controller with the quadratic criteria is provided. The obtained results can be used to tackle problems of adaptive control of remotely powered electromechanical objects without sensors.
THE INVESTOR RISK TOLERANCE AND MARKET LIQUIDITY CONNECTION: EVIDENCE FROM THE SELECTED MARKETS
Authors: ÇİFÇİ Gönül , REİS Şükriye Gül
Published: December 2021

This study investigated in what ways the stock market liquidity and the investor risk tolerance has a relation over the developed and developing countries. Seven developed and six developing countries were selected from the International Monetary Fund’s counrty list for the sample. Dataset was consisted of the stock markets’ weekly data. Some interesting outputs were gotten.The investors’ risk tolerance and the market liquidity had a long-run relation in the all markets. The variables moved together. However, the cointegration regression coefficients were different in the markets. The coefficients could be estimated just for the USA, UK and Indonesia within the confidence intervals. Neverthlessly, the variables did not have any relation in short-run in spite of the long-run relation. Those results implied other variable(s) may cause a long-run relation between the tolerance and liquidity. Also, the variable(s) may affect the markets not in same strength. It caused a positive and different degree relation in the USA and UK, while it was negative in Indonesia.
TEKNİK GÖSTERGELERİ MAKİNE ÖĞRENİMİ MODELLERİNE ENTEGRE EDEREK ŞEHİR ENDEKSİ HAREKETİNİN YÖNÜNÜ TAHMİN ETMEYE YÖNELİK BİR YAKLAŞIM
Authors: YİĞİT Öyküm Esra , KARAKÖSE Merve
Published: December 2021

Borsa İstanbul (BIST) tarafından hesaplanan şehir endeksleri, belirli bir bölgeye yatırım yapmak isteyen yatırımcılara önemli bir yol göstericidir. Türkiye'de 13 ilin finansal performansları 2009 yılı başından itibaren bu endeksler tarafından yansıtılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, şehir endeksi serilerinin çoğunlukla oynaklığı ile ilgilenen önceki çalışmalardan farklı olarak, teknik göstergeleri farklı makine öğrenmesi modellerine entegre ederek şehir endeksi serilerine ait hareketin yönünü tahmin etmede kullanılabilen bileşik bir prosedür önerilmiştir. Önerilen prosedür, BIST’de işlem gören en yüksek hisse senedi sayısına sahip İstanbul şehir endeksi (XSIST) serisine uygulanmıştır. Hacim, oynaklık, trend ve momentuma dayalı 38 farklı teknik gösterge hesaplanmış ve XSIST serisinin günlük değişiminde en etkili göstergeler, 6 farklı makine öğrenmesi modellerine girdi olarak seçilmiştir. Öğrenme modellerin performansı, karmaşıklık matrislerine dayalı metrikler yardımıyla karşılaştırılmıştır.
Corporate Control in Russian and Foreign Law: Relations of Economy and Law
Authors:   Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under Government  of Russian Federation, Sinitsin Sergey
Published: December 2021

The accelerating pace of development of socio-economic relations is a powerful impetus for the modernization of legislation, which in the conditions of globalization of markets should not only preserve the stability properties, providing a balance of private and public interests, but also create conditions for the further development of entrepreneurship.Legislation-designed models for regulating corporate relations and control are in the zone of close attention of business, regulators, and the legal community. Over the entire history of the development of corporate law, the legislator has not found the optimal form of combining the dispositive and peremptory regulation of corporate legal relations, providing an adequate reflection of economic realities and resolving the conflict of multidirectional interests of participants in corporate relations. The issues of choosing the priority of protected interests, determining the limits for exercising and protecting corporate rights, finding acceptable forms of concentration and implementing corporate control in business are relevant. The market knows a wide arsenal of multifunctional contractual methods for acquiring and splitting corporate control (repos, equity loans, options, swaps, derivatives, securities difference agreements, etc.) that ensure the private interests of investors and lenders. However, ensuring the freedom to exercise private interest in choosing a corporate control model presumes that the public interest is in the stability of turnover and the protection of an indefinite number of persons participating in it, which can be ensured through mandatory public disclosure of corporate control information in the corporation.In modern conditions, the legal regulation of the concentration and implementation of corporate control is a prerequisite for creating a healthy investment and business climate in the economy, guarantees for the interests of investors and participants of the corporation, which should be taken into account when developing corporate legislation. The definition and differentiation of the economic content and legal form of corporate control is necessary for the further development of mechanisms and models for the implementation and protection of corporate rights. The legal regulation of corporate control is not homogeneous and is not limited only to the subject of civil law regulation of corporate relations; according to industry, certain segments of corporate control relations can be regulated by competition and financial law.
The Right to Access to Privacy of Correspondence and Russian Judicial Practice
Authors: Izotova Anzhelika
Published: December 2021

Analysis of ways of limiting secrecy of correspondence in Russian judicial practice
Rights to Intellectual Works Generated with Artificial Intelligence: A Russian View in the Global Context
Authors: Kalyatin Vitaly
Published: December 2021

The broad use of artificial intelligence in creating intellectual works poses difficulties for legislators and courts in choosing the proper legal framework for such works and defining the place of artificial intelligence in the legal system as a whole. In this article, we shall study different models of regulating such issues and analyze the prospects and consequences of their use. We show that only a few of many different models for copyrighting AI-generated works are viable and that the most promising among them is the introduction of a special limited related right for the person who organizes the use of the AI application. This model resembles already existing civil law approaches to protecting the rights of phonogram producers, broadcasting and cablecasting organizations, and database creators. Thus, the inclusion of artificial intelligence into the IP domain does not require reconstructing the legal framework but only adapting existing approaches.
Electronic interaction and digital technologies in corporate governance of a joint stock company in Russia
Authors: Gabov Andrey
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to key issues in the development of legal regulation of electronic forms of interaction between participants in corporate relations in Russia. The author consistently examines the development of legislation and the practice of its application since the mid-1990 s. until now. The impact of the emergency legislation created to counter the spread of coronavirus infection in 2020 is separately considered. The author analyzes in detail the materials of the Bank of Russia, various political attitudes. For the first time in special literature, the correlation of the development of electronic forms of interaction in private and public relations is shown. The main current legislative initiatives are considered. The purpose of the study is to formulate the main directions of the development of legal regulation, based on the analysis of the experience of the development of legislation, including regulating public relations. To implement this, the first part of the study (introduction) shows the traditional approach to corporate actions, evaluates its pros and cons; then the second part of the study shows the first attempts in the 2000 s. include elements of electronic interaction in regulations; then (in the third part) a radical change in the legislator’s approaches to regulation in 2010 is shown, estimates are given of the state of regulation for the period from late 2019 to early 2020 (before the start of the coronavirus pandemic); in the fourth part of the assessment of current draft laws, as well as the author’s proposals in terms of directions of regulation are formulated. Based on the results of the work done, the main conclusion was made about the need to expand the use of electronic forms of interaction for all legal entities, as well as the correlation of private law and public law regulation.
On the Prospects of Digitalization of Justice
Authors: Stepanov Oleg , Pechegin Denis , Diakonova Maria
Published: December 2021

The article considers the problem of digitalization of judicial activities in the Russian Federation and abroad. Given the fact that in the modern world elements of digital (electronic) justice are gaining widespread adoption, the article presents an analysis of its fundamental principles and distinguishes between electronic methods of ensuring procedural activity and digitalization of justice as an independent direction of transformation of public relations at the present stage. As a demonstration of the implementation of the first direction, the article presents the experience of foreign countries, Russian legislative approaches and currently being developed legislative initiatives in terms of improving the interaction of participants in the procedure through the use of information technologies. The authors come to the conclusion that the implemented approaches and proposed amendments are intended only to modernize the form of administration of justice with new opportunities to carry out the same actions (identification of persons participating in the case, notification, participation in the court session, etc.) without changing the essential characteristics of the proceedings. The second direction, related to electronic (digital) justice, is highlighted from the point of view of the prospects and risks of using artificial intelligence technologies to make legally significant decisions on the merits. At the same time, the authors argue that the digitalization of justice requires the development and implementation of the category of justice in machine-readable law, as well as special security measures of both technological and legal nature.
When Museums Go Online
Authors: Kapyrina Natalia
Published: December 2021

A report on the ICOM — UNIGE online conference “The Law & Digital Cultural Heritage Day”, 11 December 2020.
Data Protection Regulation and International Arbitration: Can There Be Harmonious Coexistence (with the GDPR Requirements Concerning Cross-Border Data Transfer)?
Authors: Mazetova Elena
Published: December 2021

Recent global trends are producing powerful growth in the digital environment, and its spread is prompting adoption of strict and comprehensive regulation to ensure data protection. This results in a number of difficulties, one of which is lack of consistency between data protection regulation and the regulatory regimes applicable to specific industries and institutions. That inconsistency is particularly evident in the field of international arbitration — one of the most widely used and convenient methods for resolving international disputes. The principles and fundamental concepts that largely define international arbitration, such as autonomy of the parties and confidentiality, have made its use very well accepted and widespread. However, data protection requirements often force the parties that are subject to them to make a difficult choice between the basic principles of international arbitration and the requirements of data protection regulation. This bind has come about because data protection regulation, which generally imposes comprehensive compliance obligations, rarely takes into account the specifics of the industries in which it will be applied. In this article it is analyzing application of the GDPR requirements that pertain to cross-border data transfer from the perspective of international arbitration in order to illustrate difficulties and regulatory gaps that may be encountered by the entities interested in thorough compliance with the applicable regulations.
The Issue of State Sovereignty in Cyberspace
Authors: Terentieva Liudmila
Published: December 2021

The author examines a special approach to establishing the sovereignty of the state in relation to cyberspace, the extraterritorial characteristics of which determine the question of the implementation of the territorial supremacy of the state. The author concludes that the understanding of the state’s sovereignty in relation to cyberspace lies not in detailing a set of measures in the form of sovereign powers undertaken in this area, but in constructing the boundaries of cyberspace both in relation to the technical component of the network infrastructure that supports the smooth functioning of the Network, and in in relation to the virtual component of cyberspace. To achieve the goal of the study, the author proposed to combine social, technological and subjective approaches, understanding by cyberspace an artificial telecommunication environment for the implementation of public relations controlled by a wide range of subjects (states, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, individuals, etc.), the functioning and maintenance of which is carried out by means of software-technical infrastructure in the form of its physical part (telecommunication networks, computers, servers, routers, processors, satellites, etc.) and a virtual part (operating systems, data transmission standards, hardware applications, software, etc.).
Problems of Typology of Armed Conflicts in Cyberspace
Authors: Garkusha-Bozhko Sergey
Published: December 2021

The development of information technologies in the modern world affects all spheres of human activity, including the sphere of military activities of states. The current level of development of military information technologies allows us to talk about a new fifth possible theatre of military operations, namely, cyberspace. The Tallinn Manual on International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations, developed in 2013 and updated in 2017 by experts from the NATO States, also confirms the likelihood of armed conflict in cyberspace. It is indisputable fact that cyber operations committed in the context of an armed conflict will be subject to the same rules of International Humanitarian Law that apply to such armed conflict. However, many cyber operations that can be classified as military operations may be committed in peacetime and are common cybercrimes. In such circumstances, it is imperative to distinguish between such cybercrimes and situations of armed conflict in cyberspace. Due to the fact, that there are only two types of armed conflict — international and non-international, this problem of differentiation raises the question of the typology of armed conflicts in relation to cyberspace. The main questions within the typology of cyber armed conflicts are: whether an international armed conflict can start solely as a result of a cyber-attack in the absence of the use of traditional armed force; and how to distinguish between ordinary criminal behaviour of individuals in cyberspace and non-international armed conflict in cyberspace? The purpose of this article is to provide answers to these urgent questions. The author analyses the following criteria that play a role in solving the above problems: criteria for assigning a cyber attack to a state and equating such a cyber-attack with an act of using armed force in a cyber armed conflict of an international character; and criteria for the organization of parties and the intensity of military actions in a non-international cyber armed conflict. Based on the results of this analysis, the author gives relevant suggestions for solving the above issues.
Judicial Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in a Digital Economy: Is There a Need for Change?
Authors: Buzova Natalya , Karelina Marina
Published: December 2021

The paper looks at improving the judicial system in Russia facing the rapid technological change of modern society in which new relationships are largely associated with different areas of intellectual property. Today biotechnology, digital rights, computer programs and scientific research materials have become widely used in civil circulation and their intellectual property rights should be effectively protected. The paper discusses different issues of protecting intellectual rights provided for by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, aimed at both suppressing and preventing their infringement, and assesses the statistical indicators of the courts. The practice of the Intellectual Property Rights Court and the Moscow City Court shows that specialization yields positive results. The selection of judges, their professional development including their distinctive competencies in addition to legal ones, also help to find effective ways of resolving intellectual property disputes. With the protection of intellectual property rights being of great concern not only in Russia, but also in most developed countries of the world, their experience has also been thoroughly analyzed. The paper suggests a possible way of improving the judicial system under the current circumstances. Certain changes in the judicial system and the creation of additional specialized intellectual property courts could help to ensure an affordable, legitimate and effective mechanism for resolving disputes related to the violation of intellectual property rights.
INSPECTION OF DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IN THE INDUSTRY WITH IMAGE PROCESSING BASED ON DEEP LEARNING METHODS
Authors: ONUR Tuğba Özge
Published: December 2021

Aim: This paper studies to detect the undetectable defects in casting such as air holes, pinholes, burrs, tensile defects, mold material defects, metal casting defects, metallurgical defects, and etc. Through images via deep learning methods. Method: In the study, an automatic reading review for submersible pump impeller is proposed and a deep learning model is developed. The data set of the images include defective and smooth submersible pump impeller has been utilized to prove the performance of the designed network architecture. Results: According to the obtained results, maximum accuracy of 89% for the classifier has been achieved in the training stage and it reached a maximum accuracy of 93% in the testing stage. Conclusion: Along with the developing systems, quality control systems have been evolved through image processing. Thanks to the image processing-based control systems, the capacity and efficiency of the production facilities can be increased and perfect products can be delivered to the end-user by making precise measurements. In this study, since casting is an important and frequently used process in the industry, its defects are evaluated and a deep learning model to automate the review process and detect the defective products of submersible pump impellers is presented. The success rate of 89% obtained show that the defective product inspection in the industry can be performed over the images by using a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture.
THE EFFECT OF PLACEMENT OF L-TYPE SHEAR WALLS IN RC STRUCTURES ON STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR
Authors: ÖZYURT Muhammet Zeki
Published: December 2021

Aim: In this study; In this study, it was investigated how the symmetrical and different positions of the L-type shear walls on the floor plan affect the structural behavior in the reinforced concrete residential and office buildings with a symmetrical structural system. Method: In the study, three different carrier system types were created for a symmetrical reinforced concrete structure with 5 floors (ground floor + 4 normal floors), according to the shear wall layouts, and on a total of 12 different models (ground floor heights of 2.5 m, 3.0 m, 4.0 m and 5 m) was examined. Results: It was determined that as the ground floor height increased, the natural vibration period, soft floor irregularity coefficient and peak displacement value also increased in all models examined in the study. It has been observed that the natural vibration period is greater when the shear walls are located at the corners of the outer axles than if they are located in the middle of the outer axles and in the inner axles. It has been observed that in all cases of ground floor height, the number of soft floor irregularities in the corner shear wall layout model on the outer axes is approximately 0.2% higher than in the Type 2 situation. Conclusion: In this study, for the 5-storey reinforced concrete structures used for workplace and residential purposes, whose structural system is determined symmetrically so that torsional irregularity does not occur, the results obtained by changing the placement of L-section shear walls in the plan, drew attention to the fact that the position of the shear wall affects the structural behavior. For buildings with a ground floor height less than or equal to the normal floors, the most appropriate shear wall placement is when the shear walls are on the outer axes and in the corner. For buildings with a ground floor height higher than normal floors, the most appropriate shear wall placement takes place on the inner axes of the building.
INVESTIGATION OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS AND CAUSES IN THE AERIAL WORK PLATFORM FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY SPECIALISTS AND OPERATORS
Authors: İLTAR Murat Ramazan , ÖZDEMİR Mehmet , BAYHUN Semra , ONAT Ayhan
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study is aimed to reveal its cause and the accidents on the aerial work platform that are occured, in line with the survey questions answered by operators using the aerial work platform and occupational safety specialist. Method: Its causes and the accidents on the aerial work platform, are explained by using Pearson correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and considering the opinions of occupational safety specialists and operators Results: In this study, it is appeared that the falling down from height reveals psychological problems in the ongoing process, although fatal cases do not occur in consequence of the falling down from height, which is one of the most common accidents on the aerial work platform. It is found that 80% of work accidents are caused by falling from height due to inexperience and lack of education. 70% of electrical shock occupational accidents are caused by inexperience and lack of education. Near misses are caused by mechanical problems in the devices as well as carelessness. Conclusion: The presence of experienced people who use the aerial work platform will prevent work accidents. According to both occupational safety specialists and operators, work accidents caused by the falling down from height are caused by both lack of education- experience and mechanical problems.
Reproduction of Some Newly Identified Chestnut Genotypes by Different Grafting Methods From West Anatolia
Authors: KULAÇ Şemsettin , ÖZKURU Yasin
Published: December 2021

Aim of study: In the study, the most successful grafting method and chestnut genetypes that are best adapted to the Düzce Kaplandağı chestnut population were tried to be determined. Area of study: Chestnut seeds used as rootstock material were collected from natural chestnut forests of Kaplandağı, Cumayeri district of Düzce province. Material and methods: In this study, for the first time identified by us, 20 well-known fruit qualities, two locally known (Serdar and Erfelek), and three foreign (Maraval, Marigoule, and Bethizac) chestnut genotypes were used. It was investigated the success of grafting methods by using 25 different chestnut genotypes and three different grafting methods (budding, the cleft and tongue grafting). The seedlings of the Kaplandağı chestnut population were used as the rootstock chestnut genotype. The genotypes which were grafted on the rootstock were types of Kabalak, İbradı, Paşaormanı, Erfelek, Hacıömer, Serdar, Akçakoca 1, Alaplı 1, Çongara, Fındıklı 1, Gümeli 1, Fındıklı 2, Ereğli-Yazıören, Paşaormanı 2, Gümeli black, Fındıklı 3, Ereğli-Nevzat, Gümeli yellow, Akçakoca yellow, Yığılca-Vedat, Yığılca-Çakır, Ibradı 2. and Maraval, Marigoule, Bouche de Bethizac. Main results: It was determined that stabile temperature and humid conditions affected grafting achievement on chestnut genotypes and grafting techniques. While the lowest grafting success was in the budding, the cleft and tongue grafting methods were the same and have a grafting success rate of 63%. Among the chestnut varieties, the Çongara genotypes (98%) had the highest while the Fındıklı 2 genotypes (20%) had the lowest grafting success. As a result, the most successful grafting methods were cleft and tongue grafting, and the most successful grafting genotypes were found as Çongara, İbradı 2 and Alaplı 1. Also, the sapling obtained from the study were taken under ex-situ protection in Düzce University campus as a chestnut orchard. Highlights: Also, two of them (Pasaormanı and Akçakoca 1) are observed to resist against the gall wasp.
The Effects of Windthrow Damage on Soil Properties in Scots Pine, Black Pine and Kazdağı Fir Stands in the Northwest Turkey
Authors: SAVACI Gamze , SARIYILDIZ Temel , ÇAĞLAR Sadık , KARA Ferhat , TOPAL Esra
Published: December 2021

Aim of study: The short-term effects of windthrow damage on soil properties were investigated in Kazdağı fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) stand in northwest Turkey.
Area of study: The study was carried out in Kastamonu and Sinop regions.
Material and methods: In order to understand the effects of windthrow damage occurred in 2013, soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-30 cm from the disturbed and undisturbed sites in 2018 (5 year later), and analyzed for soil physical and chemical properties.
Main results: The increases in temperature, wind speed and heavy rainfall in the study sites seemed to result in the windthrows. There were significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties among the three tree species, and also between the disturbed and the undisturbed sites.
Highlights: After the windthrows, increased SOC and TN stocks, P and K could be related to the accumulation of organic matter. However, we were not able to identify a single mechanism to explain this observed relationship. Thus, the root-soil interactions of the three tree species should be conclusively examined in future studies in order to define the relationships between soil chemical properties and root features.
Predicting Soil Properties Using Topographic and Climatic Variables
Authors: YENER İsmet , KÜÇÜK Mehmet , GÖKTÜRK Aşkın
Published: December 2021

Aim of study: The present study aimed to model soil physical and chemical properties through multiple linear and regression tree techniques. Area of study: The study area is located between 41,07 – 41,33 N latitude and 41,74 – 42,27 E longitude in Artvin, which is in the Colchis part of the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Material and methods: The multiple linear regression and regression tree models were used to predict soil properties using topographic and climatic features as independent variables. Besides, the relationships between soil properties and independent variables were determined by Pearson correlation. Main results: The study results revealed that model accuracy by regression tree generally was higher than those of multiple linear regression. Up to 56% and 59% of the variance in soil properties was accounted for by multiple linear regression and regression tree, respectively. The easting, northing, elevation, and minimum temperature parameters were key drivers of both models. Increasing soil depth significantly increased the pH and reduced the organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbon/nitrogen ratio. Highlights: Topographic and climatic variables accounted for Up to 59% and 56% of the variance in soil properties such as texture, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and carbon/nitrogen ratio by regression tree and multiple linear regression techniques. The most influential factors on soil properties were the minimum temperature, latitude, actual evapotranspiration, mean temperature, distance to the ridge, and radiation index.
Estimating True Species Richness from Braun Blanquet Scale
Authors: ÖZKAN Kürşad
Published: December 2021

Aim of study: The goal of the study was to estimate true species richness from Braun Blanquet (BB) scale data.

Area of study: Yazılı Canyon Nature Park (YCNP) located in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey.

Material and methods: A bias-corrected approach was adapted based on the Good-Turning frequency formula to estimate true species richness (S_est ) for 9 vegetation plots under three scenarios (Rare species are singletons: with 1/1 probability 〖(Sc〗_1), with 1/2 probability (〖Sc〗_2), with 1/3 probability 〖(Sc〗_3)).

Main results: The results indicate that with increasing uncertainty about the number of singletons, the difference between expected species richness and observed species richness decreases. To estimate the species richness of the plots taken from YCNP, scenario III (〖Sc〗_3 ) seems to be the best option due to existing maximum uncertainty concerning the number of singletons.

Highlights: All the proposed bias-corrected estimators have been developed by considering the abundance or the incidence-based data except for S_est. For employing S_est, all the data consists of the number of singletons (f_1 ) and super doubletons (f_(2+) ). f_1 and f_(2+) can be obtained from BB scale because its "r" code usually corresponds to f_1. However, some scientists prefer to use "r" in description of a few species. That causes an uncertainty about f_1. Using S_est, this study offers an approach and a spreadsheet program to estimate true species richness even though the number of singletons is uncertain.

Keywords:
Применение цитобиохимического метода измерения активности ферментов в капле крови при хронической обструктивной болезни легких и бронхиальной астме
Authors: Косякова Н.И. , Захарченко М.В. , Сандалова Т.В. , Шибаев Н.В. , Панкратова Е.В. , Кондрашова М.Н.
Published: December 2021

Актуальная проблема современной передовой персонализированной медицины – определение состояния митохондрий (МХ) у человека. Принятые биохимические методы повреждают и весь организм (требуется биопсия), и, что не менее важно, сами выделенные МХ. Исследования в лаборатории биоэнергетики ИТЭБ РАН под руководством д.б.н., проф. М.Н. Кондрашовой позволили разработать метод оценки тяжести заболевания по измерению энергетических процессов в митохондриях лимфоцитов в капле крови. Оригинальный метод, названный цитобиохимическим (ЦБХ), позволяет оценить активность митохондрий и гликолиза в лимфоцитах крови пациента, создан специально, чтобы сохранить в выделенных препаратах нативную организацию митохондрий в сеть, что позволяет наблюдать в них регуляцию, имевшую место в организме. Работами М.Н. Кондрашовой было показано, что активность митохондрий связана с деятельностью общих физиологических систем регуляции, в частности симпатической и парасимпатической. Между симпатической и парасимпатической регуляцией в организме существуют взаимно противоположные, реципрокные отношения подавления активности противоположной системы при активации ее партнера. Подобная реципрокная регуляция существует и на митохондриальном уровне: в пределах физиологической нормы симпатическая активация усиливает энергетическое обеспечение физиологических функций за счет усиления распада жиров и углеводов. Однако симпатическая гиперактивация приводит к дисбалансу между процессами катаболизма и восстановительными биосинтетическими процессами, и это формирует дополнительный порочный метаболический круг развития патологии на уровне клеточного дыхания. Особенно выражены такие нарушения при хронических респираторных заболеваниях, что и послужило целью настоящего исследования: изучить показатели активности митохондриального фермента – сукцинатдегидрогеназы (СДГ) и фермента гликолиза – лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ) у пациентов с атопической бронхиальной астмой (АБА). Это позволит получать новую информацию для исследователя и врача, на ранних стадиях развития патологического процесса распознать его и внести необходимые коррективы в тактику лечения и реабилитации пациентов с респираторной патологией. Рекомендации предназначены для специалистов клинико-биохимических лабораторий ЛПУ, терапевтов, пульмонологов, иммунологов-аллергологов.
Дефектация деталей лесных машин
Authors: Тимохов Р.С.
Published: December 2021

В пособии рассмотрены основные способы и последовательность выполнения дефектации деталей лесных машин. Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для выполнения лабораторных работ студентами очной и заочной форм обучения направлений подготовки 15.03.02 Технологические машины и оборудование, 35.03.02 Технология лесозаготовительных деревоперерабатывающих производств.
Методические рекомендации при определении стоимостного значения величины экономических потерь, возникающих у ресурсоснабжающих организаций в ходе расчетов субъектов жилищно-коммунального хозяйства за потребленные ресурсы
Authors: Щепотьев А.В, , Сафонова Т.А.
Published: December 2021

Современное состояние дел в секторе жилищно-коммунального хозяйства побудило авторов мо- нографии посвятить свою работу формированию четкого понимания проблемных вопросов при назна- чении финансово – экономических судебных экспертиз по уголовным делам, связанных с хищением руководителями организаций, осуществляющих свою деятельность в сфере жилищно-коммунального хозяйства, денежных средств, подлежащих выплате ресурсоснабжающим организациям (поставщикам коммунальных ресурсов). Авторами даются необходимые рекомендации по разъяснению существую- щего механизма функционирования организаций сферы жилищно-коммунального сектора, финансо- вых расчетов в указанной сфере. При этом авторами рассматриваются ситуации, когда организациями, ведущими свою деятельность в сфере оказания жилищно-коммунальных услуг, осуществляется сбор и аккумулирование денежных средств за оказанные коммунальные услуги с целью оплаты по своим обязательствам, в т. ч. ресурсоснабжающим организациям (в соответствии с Постановлением Правительства РФ № 253 от 28 марта 2012 г. «О требованиях к осуществлению расчетов за ресурсы, необходимые для предоставления коммунальных услуг»), однако существенная часть денежных средств неправомерно тратятся на нужды организации с нарушением очередности погашения обязательств или через подконтрольные руководству аффилированные организации выводятся из жилищно-коммунальной организации и в последующем осуществляется хищение данных денежных средств. С учетом сложившейся ситуации, авторами предлагаются соответствующие рекомендации по назначению финансово – экономических экспертиз в рамках предварительного и судебного следствия, путем постановки правильных логически – допустимых вопросов для получения достоверных и приемлемых результатов проводимой экспертизы, с целью для оказания практической помощи сотрудникам органов предварительного следствия, адвокатам, сотрудникам экспертных учреждений, судебным органам, в оптимизации процесса расследования, направления уголовных дел в суд, и их последующем рассмотрении в судебных органах различных инстанций по существу
Code-Switching (Russian – English) in the Discourse of IT-Specialists from Moscow
Authors:   School of Philology, Higher School of Economics, Burdygina Margarita A.
Published: December 2021

The paper proposes a linguistic approach to studying code-switching in IT discourse of Moscovian IT specialists. The topic is of special interest since nowadays code-switching dominates in a number of professional spheres such as informational technologies, marketing and telecommunications. It also becomes a new language for the modern generation and moreover, a necessary tool for establishing contacts and demonstrating community affiliation. This new code exists not only within workplaces but also beyond them, that is why the aim of the article is to present an in-depth research into how IT discourse shapes Russian digital language on the whole. The methodology used for research is the Matrix Language Frame Model by C. Myers-Scotton (1993). The language units, which are represented by code-switches, are also analyzed in terms of their syntactic, morphological features and pragmatic functions. The research carried among more than 200 IT‑specialists provided a thorough understanding of linguistic features and pragmatic functions of the collected code-switches and what is more, proved the impact of the sociolect on the Russian digital language
Minority Shareholders’ Legal Protection in a Limited Liability Company System
Authors:   University of Mataram, Sukarmo I Gde , Haq Hayyanul , Asikin Zainal , HS Salim
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the legal protection model for the majority and minority shareholders in public limited companies. This research method is normative research. To investigate the ineffectiveness of laws and regulations, in particular, Law No. 40 of 2007 on limited liability companies in providing shareholder protection, researchers have studied the laws and regulations and considered the views of experts on legal concepts related to legal protection for shareholders, particularly, minority shareholders. The results showed that the law did not provide maximum legal protection for minority shareholders, creating an imbalance between the rights of the minority and majority shareholders. For this reason, 1) reform or progressive changes in laws and regulations are needed, for instance, in PT Law No. 40 of 2007. These changes should be fundamental to philosophical aspects (values and perspectives) in providing shareholder protection; 2) the review of shareholders’ protection methods should be based on the aspects of fairness
The Concepts of Aggressive Information Impact through the Lens of Internet Users’ Worldview Security
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Galyashina Elena I. , Nikishin Vladimir D.
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to the forensic analysis of the factors (cyberthreats) determining a negative information impact on recipients’ worldview in the Internet environment (changes in values, emotional perceptions, and expressions of will, etc.). Findings are founded on the concepts of deviant and delinquent speech behavior, the authors also outline definitions of criminogenic, aggressive, destructive, harmful, conflictogenic, and discrediting (defamatory) information and define the semantic field ‘destructiveness of information impact’. The research is based on an interdisciplinary legal and linguistic approach and uses methodology of information law (cyberlaw) and forensic speech science (forensic linguistics) for integral examination of aggressive information products (that are threatening worldview security of Internet communication) in several ways: 1) as speech actions related to law violations (verbal components that reflect actus reus of crimes, administrative offences, and civil torts); 2) as a result of communication activity; 3) as a source of forensically valuable information. The article covers such worldview security threats as defamation; libel; insult; propaganda of drugs, pornography, gambling, violence and cruelty, murder, autodestructiveness (including suicide), extremism (including terrorism); cyberbullicide; cybersuicide; cybergrooming; sexting; sex blackmail; doxing; outing; faking; astroturfing; cybertrolling; flaming; cyberbullying; cybermobbing; harassment; impersonation; exclusion (ostracism); stigmatization; cyberstalking; threats; hating; ‘happy slapping’, etc. The authors formulated the list of offenses, entailing the commitment of criminogenic and conflictogenic speech actions (in accordance with the current Russian civil, administrative and criminal legislation), as well as the list of types of information prohibited or restricted in distribution as harmful to the health and development of children (according to the current Russian legislation) are of urgent applied significance