bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atlantoaxial Instability in Children, 26 Years of Experience
Authors: Fondop J. , Atemkeng A. F. , Athyam M. C. , Chefor Alain D. J. A. M. , Djientcheu V. P. , Scavarda . , Guh Pech , Jouve J. , Lena G. , Bolini G.
Published: June 2022

Study Design: Retrospective case study.

Objective: To determine the history, clinical and imaging signs, diagnosis, treatment and clinical follow-up.

Summary of Background Data: The cranio vertebral junction (CVJ) is a complex transitional area between the skull, the upper cervical spine, the brain and the upper cervical cord. It concerns all ages. Instability can be the result of congenital malformations or traumatic injury.

Methods: It is a retrospective study of patients files in department of paediatricneurosurgery and the department of pediatric orthopedic of Marseille, during 26 years , Between 16th October 1981 and 16th June 2007 In each medical record, we determined identity, circumstances of instability discovery, clinical and paraclinical signs, diagnosis, therapeutic protocol and patient's outcome after treatment.

The inclusion criteria were the medical records with complete information regarding the patients, who were treated for atlantoaxial instability (AAI). Patients presenting clinical instability with incomplete files, have been excluded.

Results: In our retrospective study, 22 children have been treated for AAI, with 10 boys (45%) and 12 girls (55%), aged 5 to 17 years old, mean age was 10.

the main circumstance of lesion was accident 45,5%, sport accident 27,3%, road accident 18,2%), the others circumstances are 55,5%.

The past history included : congenital malformation in 18,2% (Down’s syndrome, Klippel- Fiel’s syndrome, cardiac malformation), sport accident(9,0%), neurological deficit (13,7%), cervical trauma already treated(4,5%), learning deficit (4,5%), and plagiocephaly (4,5%); for 45,6%, there was no evidence etiology.

The clinical signs were quadriparesis (31,9%), quadriplegia (13,6%), torticoli (9,1%), quadriplegia and priapism (4,5%), headache and dizziness (4,5%), abnormal head position attitude (4,5%). Clinical exam was normal for 31,9%.

Standard X-ray was performed for 50,0%, CT scan for 50,0% and MRI for 40,8%.

These paraclinical examination showed that AAI were traumatic in 59,1% (luxation 36,4%, odontoïdum fracture 13,7%, C1C2 dislocation 4,5 %, C2 arch, articular fracture and pseudoarthrosis 4,5%), congenital malformation in 40,9%.

The orthopedic treatment was used for 13,5% of the patients and surgical treatment was used for 86,5% of the patients (posterior approach72,8 %, anterior approach 9,2%, anterior and posterior approach 4,5%).

Complications were observed in 33% of the patients (consisted of infections 14%, Medulla oblongata compression 5%, basilar impression)

72% of the patients recovered without sequela after 15years of follow up, 28% had a neurological deficit during the same time .13% conserved their deficit 5 years after treatment.

Conclusion: In many cases, AAI is an insidious affliction in many cases. A neurological deficit is a sinister presentation often leading to significant sequela even after treatment.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Reputable Hotels and the Fifth Management Vision of UNWTO
Authors: Atua-Ntow Nana Yaw Okai
Published: June 2022

The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the leader in knowledge and innovation amongst the tourism organizations within its member states. It has five management vision pillars with the fifth one relating to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Literature reveals that the website of corporate bodies is mostly not utilized to introduce the CSR practices of corporate bodies. Along the edge, these studies concentrated on the banking sector of Ghana. For this reason, there is an existing need to understand how another significant sector of Ghana illustrates its CSR practices on its websites. Hence, this study looked at how 14 reputable hotels in Ghana practice CSR under the fifth management vision of the UNWTO. The qualitative research method was adopted to attain answers to the study's formulated questions. Hotels were selected based on the African Union's identified list of reputable hotels in Ghana. Moreover, content analysis was used to attain the results of the study. Through this analysis, it was identified that most of the hotels in Ghana failed to utilize their corporate websites to promote their CSR practices. Notwithstanding, a few communicated their CSR practices through their corporate website but did not fully meet the fifth management vision of the UNWTO. For policy purposes, the study made it possible for hotels in Ghana to involve the vision of the UNWTO in their core activities. Also, the study made it possible to establish a simple framework that could be referred to during the formulation of CSR policies within every hotel in Ghana.
Emotional and Therapeutic Elements of Cigarette Smoking Control: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Latif Usman , Fatima Syeda Arooj , Daniyal Hassan , Zulfiqar Saba , Salman Chaudhary Muhammad , Yasir Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of services rendered by health professionals in reducing cigarette smoking at the smoking cessation centers.

Methods: Through May 2020 and April 2021, data from hospitals connected with the University of Health Sciences, Lahore, have been collected. During the same time period, information from DHQ and Allied Hospitals Faisalabad were evaluated using a recent retrospective review. Statistical software was used to calculate the incidence and average values. Chi-square also student t tests remained utilized to evaluate associated variables; p 0.06 remained measured statistically.

Results: The average age of entrance was 39.73 13.21 years (min 14; max 92). Women  were older than males at time of admission, although men began smoking earlier. Individuals  with fewer than a high school diploma began smoking at a younger age. Once cured  through medication also behavioral treatment, the smoking cessation rate remained 38.4 percent (n = 218).

Conclusion: Approximately 49 percent of smokers stopped smoking after receiving medication and behavioral counseling. The majority of smokers was between ages of 31 and 51. More smoking cessation clinics should be built to provide smoking cessation tools to more informed individuals.
A Review Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Plant-Based Metallic Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Parveen Shama , Sharma Garima , Khajuria Arun K. , Kandwal Anuj
Published: June 2022

Nanotechnology has become a trending area in the field of science and technology. It has made great advances with the development of functional, engineered nanoparticles. The better advancements made towards the synthesis of nanoparticles using plant materials have become a major focus of researchers because of their advantages including high stability and loading capacity. Recently, zinc oxide nanoparticles have drawn the attention of several researchers owing to their several biological applications including anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Different techniques have been employed for the production of gold nanoparticles due to their elaborated applications in different interdisciplinary fields. The synthetic procedure of plant-based nanoparticles has attracted a keen interest of various researchers as the synthesis is comparatively fast, safe and light and can be followed under basic room conditions without the requirement of any advanced synthesis requirements. Every part of the plants can be used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles play a pivotal role as the most active, environment friendly and biocompatible towards a greener approach. In this review paper, we report highlighted about the various plants extract, which have been used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their biological evaluation based on previous year’s research and scientific papers and journal and articles.
Analisis User Flow pada Website Pendidikan: Studi Kasus Website DKV UK Petra
Authors: Sutanto Ryan Pratama
Published: June 2022

User flow atau alur pengguna biasanya berbentuk diagram yang merupakan alur pergerakan yang dilalui oleh pengguna saat menggunakan sebuah produk. Produk dalam penelitian ini berarti website. User flow membantu designer untuk mengantisipasi pola kognitif pengguna. User flow berguna untuk memetakan pergerakan pengguna saat menggunakan produk, memetakan setiap langkah yang diambil pengguna dari titik masuk hingga interaksi akhir. Penelitian ini mengambil data pergerakan pengguna selama 6 bulan terakhir yang didapatkan dari Google Analytics. Penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa user flow yang telah ditetapkan pada proses desain ternyata berbeda jauh dengan user flow pada saat pengguna menggunakan produk. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini berupa solusi praktis untuk memperbaiki user flow ketika berada di dalam website Program Studi DKV UK Petra.
Punakawan sebagai Subculture dalam Cerita Wayang Mahabaratha
Authors: Tanudjaja Bing Bedjo
Published: June 2022

Punakawan mempunyai perjalanan sejarah yang sangat panjang, sejak abad ke-12, hingga kini Punakawan yang tampil dengan ciri fisik wajah khas, bisa tampil sebagai tokoh dengan berbagai peran sesuai zamannya. Punakawan merupakan tokoh-tokoh ciptaan seniman Indonesia yang mampu merebut hati penonton seni pertunjukan di Indonesia mulai dari pertunjukan wayang kulit, wayang orang, hingga pertunjukan melalui layar kaca. Ketika Mahabharata yang merupakan sebuah epos para bangsawan dengan tatanan yang pasti masuk dan berkembang di Jawa, maka tatanan itu tidak sepenuhnya bisa diterima dan diciptakannya sebuah bentuk protes melalui wujud Punakawan. Melalui tahapan deskripsi praikonografis, analisis ikonografis, dan interpretasi ikonologis, serta menggunakan teori-teori pendukung yang lain dalam topik penelitian kajian budaya ini, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Punakawan sebagai subkultur merupakan strategi dari kaum tidak berdaya untuk mendefinisikan ketidak berdayaannya kepada penguasa., artinya, tradisi cerita yang diperankan Punakawan memberi ruang untuk kritik, untuk segala ketidakpatutan, dan untuk sikap-sikap egaliter, tapi ruang itu terpisah secara kategoris dari pusat wacana politik kekuasaan, dan merupakan bentuk ‘pemberontakan’ terhadap kemapanan idiom artistik dan ideologi estetik tertentu. Punakawan diproduksi sebagai mitos yang digunakan oleh dua belah pihak, yaitu penguasa dan rakyat yang ditafsirkan sesuai sosio kultur daerah masing-masing. Ketika dipakai oleh penguasa, mitos yang disampaikan akan sangat berbeda dengan ketika dipergunakan oleh rakyat.
Analisis Perbandingan Kemasan Berkelanjutan dengan Berbahan Dasar Material Alam
Authors: Anggalih Nanda Nini
Published: June 2022

Akhir-akhir ini isu keberlanjutan atau sustainability menjadi topik hangat yang sering diperbincangkan, terutama karena meningkatnya jumlah sampah, khususnya sampah kemasan. Kemasan mempunyai daya rusak yang sangat besar bagi lingkungan. Bersamaan dengan berbagai masalah pencemaran lingkungan oleh karena sampah industri maupun sarnpah rumah tangga, produsen dan industri kemasan dituntut untuk mencari bahan baku atau membuat kemasan-kemasan tertentu yanq ramah lingkungan. Kemasan yang less damaging semakin diminati dan dan hal tersebut dinilai sangat efektif dalam pemasaran dan memicu banyaknya riset pengembangan kemasan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana merek atau produsen kemasan menggunakan tiga pilar berkelanjutan (Triple Bottom Line/TBL) dalam mengembangkan produk maupun kemasannya sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan fungsional dan ekonomi tanpa mengorbankan masa depan ekosistem. Penelitian ini menggunakan menggunakan metode analitis kualitatif berdasarkan data yang terkumpul kemudian dijabarkan secara deskriptif dengan membandingkan ketiga objek penelitian sebagai studi kasus. Hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan pertimbangan dalam memilih bahan kemasan terutama guidance dan tata cara manajemen supply chain serta siklus kemasan untuk menghasilkan produk yang berkelanjutan.
Pre‐Print‐Prediction of Morphological Properties for Designed Materials Manufactured via Laser‐Based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals on a Multi‐Laser Machine
Authors: Albert Johannes , Hermann Oliver , Purschke Simon , Rule David , Fleck Claudia
Published: June 2022

Laser‐based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF‐LB/M) is used to build up configurable open‐porous structures—designed materials (DMs) — out of the nickel‐based superalloy Haynes 282. The main objective is to investigate process parameter influences on DM's morphological properties—relative density (RD), mean pore diameter (PD), mean strut diameter (SD), and surface ratio (SR). For the analysis of hatch distance, laser power, and scan speed—hence line and volume energy—effects a three‐level design of experiment (DoE) is utilized. The resulting process parameter combinations are applied to 77 samples; Multiple repetitions ensured statistical validity for the attained morphological information. The data points were used to elaborate equations for the properties based on the introduced process parameters. The identified relations were implemented into previously developed tolerance equations, which were afterward pre‐print‐predictable. These calculation‐based boundaries were assessed for their validity by comparing them to certain data points from five parameter sets. The RD equation was finally used to analyze the capability of reducing its tolerance width. Here, the formerly identified position‐dependent term was compensated by process parameter adaptions. The effects of the compensation on the other properties were also investigated.
Atomic Bridging of Metal‐Nitrogen‐Carbon toward Efficient Integrated Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wulan Bari , Cao Xueying , Tan Dongxing , Shu Xinxin , Zhang Jintao
Published: June 2022

The rational design of robust electrocatalysts for efficient integrated devices is crucial to enhance energy conversion performance. The coordination of organic ligands with metal ions provides high flexibility to anchor metal atoms among carbon materials. Herein, the atomic anchoring of Zn and Ni atoms into N‐doped carbon networks with adjustable atomic structure is developed by the facile pyrolysis of metal‐organic framework nanoplates in the presence of dicyandiamide. Theoretical calculations reveal the descriptor‐based design principles to adjust the bridging structures of metal‐nitrogen‐carbon moieties with changing d‐band centers, thereby improving electrocatalytic performance. The resulting electrocatalyst displays good multiple electrocatalytic activities for carbon dioxide reduction, oxygen reduction, and evolution reactions, enabling the fabrication of integrated energy devices. Importantly, the CO2‐H2O overall splitting with the as‐prepared electrocatalysts has been driven by the commercial solar cell and the zinc‐air battery assembled with the same catalyst respectively, showing high CO faradaic efficiency up to 90%. Especially, the overall solar‐to‐CO conversion efficiency is up to 13% and the corresponding utilization efficiency of solar‐to‐electricity can reach 54.4%, demonstrating the large promising space to chase the limit that solar cells can possibly achieve. This work provides new opportunities to modulate the atomic bridging structure of metal‐nitrogen‐carbon for integrated electrolysis.
The Synthetic Potential of Thiophenium Ylide Cycloadducts**
Authors: Pommainville Alice , Campeau Dominic , Gagosz Fabien
Published: June 2022

(3+2) cycloaddition reactions are undeniably one of the most robust and versatile synthetic tools in heterocyclic chemistry. The classically required 1,3‐dipoles are however limited to three‐atom sequences bearing stabilized formal charges in their Lewis structure. The scope of three‐atom groupings possible in (3+2) cycloadditions can be greatly expanded by taking of advantage neutral three‐atom components (TACs). These groupings result in zwitterionic (3+2) cycloadducts adaptable to multiple outcomes depending on structure and conditions. Herein, the intramolecular (3+2) cycloaddition reaction between alkynyl sulfides (neutral TAC) and alkynes to provide key thiophenium ylide intermediates is first reported. These reactive species provide access to highly substituted fused thiophenes following predictable chemical sequences. Structural features on the obtained thiophenes were highly configurable by judicious choice of both alkynyl sulfide substitution and reaction conditions.
Electrostatic Secondary‐Sphere Interactions That Facilitate Rapid and Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction in a Fe‐Porphyrin‐Based Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Shimoni Ran , Shi Zhuocheng , Binyamin Shahar , Yang Yang , Liberman Itamar , Ifraemov Raya , Mukhopadhyay Subhabrata , Zhang Liwu , Hod Idan
Published: June 2022

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising platforms for heterogeneous tethering of molecular CO2 reduction electrocatalysts. Yet, to further understand electrocatalytic MOF systems, one also needs to consider their capability to fine‐tune the immediate chemical environment of the active site, and thus affect its overall catalytic operation. Here, we show that electrostatic secondary‐sphere functionalities enable substantial improvement of CO2‐to‐CO conversion activity and selectivity. In situ Raman analysis reveal that immobilization of pendent positively‐charged groups adjacent to MOF‐residing Fe‐porphyrin catalysts, stabilize weakly‐bound CO intermediates, allowing their rapid release as catalytic products. Also, by varying the electrolyte's ionic strength, systematic regulation of electrostatic field magnitude was achieved, resulting in essentially 100 % CO selectivity. Thus, this concept provides a sensitive molecular‐handle that adjust heterogeneous electrocatalysis on demand.
Umpolung in einem Paar endständiger Cobalt(III)‐Imido/Imidylkomplexe
Authors: Mao Weiqing , Fehn Dominik , Heinemann Frank W. , Scheurer Andreas , van Gastel Maurice , Jannuzzi Sergio A. V. , DeBeer Serena , Munz Dominik , Meyer Karsten
Published: June 2022

Die Umsetzung des CoI‐Komplexes [(TIMMNmes)CoI](PF6) (1) (TIMMNmes=tris‐[2‐(3‐Mesityl‐imidazolin‐2‐yliden)‐methyl]amin) mit Mesitylazid ergibt das CoIII‐Imid [(TIMMNmes)CoIII(NMes)](PF6) (2). Folgende Oxidation mit [FeCp2](PF6) ermöglicht den Zugang zu dem seltenen CoIII‐Imidylkomplex [(TIMMNmes)Co(NMes)](PF6)2 (3). Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse und ESR‐Spektroskopie bestätigen die molekulare Struktur von 3 und seinen S=
Grundzustand. ENDOR, Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie und quantenchemische Rechnungen belegen eine ligandenbasierte Oxidation und damit eine Imidyl‐radikalische elektronische Struktur für 3. Die Insertion einer verfügbaren NHC‐Einheit in den Imidoliganden in 2 ergibt innerhalb 12 Stunden das CoI‐N‐heterocyclische Imin 4. Im Gegensatz dazu dauert es nur eine halbe Stunde, bis sich 3 in das CoII‐Kongener 5 umsetzt. Es wurde weiterhin festgestellt, dass die Insertionsreaktion von 2 zu 4 durch einen nukleophilen Angriff des Imidoliganden am NHC erfolgt, wohingegen sich 3 zu 5 durch einen nukleophilen Angriff des NHCs am elektrophilen Imidylliganden umsetzt. Der Reaktivitätswechsel bei der Oxidation von 2 zu 3 bestätigt eine Umpolung des Imidoliganden.
RNA‐seq and ATAC‐seq analyses of multilineage differentiating stress enduring cells: Comparison with dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Mao Xiao‐Qian , Cheng Yan , Zhang Ru‐Zhi , Liu Yi‐Bo , Li Yue , Ge Kang , Jin Hui‐Ling
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to characterize the molecular properties of multilineage differentiating stress‐enduring (Muse) cells compared with dermal fibroblasts (FBs) and to characterize differences in their transcriptomes and open chromatin regions that are involved in cellular plasticity. Assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin with high‐throughput sequencing (ATAC‐seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analyses was then performed on FBs and Muse cells. Subsequently, cell type‐selective gene regulatory regions were identified by coalition analysis. Expression patterns of transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways intermediates were verified using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. RNA‐seq identified 2355 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that regulate the transcriptome, including 1222 upregulated and 1133 downregulated DEGs. The general panorama of RNA‐seq and ATAC‐seq analyses confirmed the differences in TFs and open chromatin regions between FBs and Muse cells. ATAC‐seq analysis showed that Muse cells had more reproducible and meaningful peaks than FBs, and the peak signals were concentrated near promoter‐transcription start site areas. In genomic regions that can be preferentially accessed in FBs and Muse cells, more than 200 TFs had binding motif sequences. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and coalition analyses identified differences in factors involved in the cell cycle and the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway of FBs and Muse cells. The results of RNA‐seq and ATAC‐seq analyses clarified the genetic basis of the different biological properties of Muse cells and FBs. These results suggest that the cell cycle transition and the AKT signaling pathway may affect the morphology and biological characteristics of Muse cells.
Microcirculation assessment with angiography alone is a reality
Authors: Belardi Jorge , Lamelas Pablo
Published: June 2022

Key Points

Invasive methods for assessing microcirculation are inconvenient and therefore not performed in usual practice despite being prognostic for most patients.

Assessment of microcirculation using angiography alone has a good diagnostic performance compared to invasive approaches.

Non‐invasive diagnosis of microvascular dysfunction enhances the ability of its measurement in daily practice.
Progress in Convergent Paired Electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Findlater Michael
Published: June 2022

Convergent paired electrolysis combines both anodic and cathodic reactions simultaneously in an electrochemical transformation. It provides a highly energy‐efficient and divergent approach to conventionally challenging and useful structures. However, the physical separation of the two half‐electrode reactions makes it extremely difficult to couple the intermediates arising from the two electrodes. In this concept article, four strategies used in convergent paired electrolysis will be discussed from the perspective of the reaction mechanism: a) metal‐catalyzed convergent paired electrolysis, b) convergent paired electrolysis enabled by persistent radical effects, c) microfluidic chemistry applied to convergent paired electrolysis, and d) alternating current electrolysis.
Metal–ligand Lability and Ligand Mobility Enables Framework Transformation via Ligand Release in a Family of Crystalline 2D Coordination Polymers
Authors: Lang Feifan , Singh Daljit C. N. G. , Rao Abhishek B. , Romer Catherine , Wright James S. , Smith Rebecca , Adams Harry , Brammer Lee
Published: June 2022

A family of seven silver(I)‐perfluorocarboxylate‐quinoxaline coordination polymers, [Ag4(O2CRF)4(quin)4] 1–5 (RF=(CF2)n‐1CF3)4, n=1 to 5); [Ag4(O2C(CF2)2CO2)2(quin)4] 6; [Ag4(O2CC6F5)4(quin)4] 7 (quin=quinoxaline), denoted by composition as 4 : 4 : 4 phases, was synthesised from reaction of the corresponding silver(I) perfluorocarboxylate with excess quinoxaline. Compounds 1–7 adopt a common 2D layered structure in which 1D silver‐perfluorcarboxylate chains are crosslinked by ditopic quinoxaline ligands. Solid‐state reaction upon heating, involving loss of one equivalent of quinoxaline, yielding new crystalline 4 : 4 : 3 phases [Ag4(O2C(CF2)n‐1CF3)4(quin)3]n (8–10, n=1 to 3), was followed in situ by PXRD and TGA studies. Crystal structures were confirmed by direct syntheses and structure determination. The solid‐state reaction converting 4 : 4 : 4 to 4 : 4 : 3 phase materials involves cleavage and formation of Ag−N and Ag−O bonds to enable the structural rearrangement. One of the 4 : 4 : 3 phase coordination polymers (10) shows the remarkably high dielectric constant in the low electric field frequency range.
Enabling transmission status detection in grant‐free power domain non‐orthogonal multiple access for massive Internet of Things
Authors: Shahab Muhammad Basit , Johnson Sarah J. , Shirvanimoghaddam Mahyar , Dohler Mischa
Published: June 2022

Grant‐free access has been identified as a potential solution to support massive machine‐type communications by avoiding the high signaling overhead and latency issues of existing grant‐based channel access mechanisms. Motivated by this, the work in this article proposes a simple, yet efficient, strategy to enable power domain non‐orthogonal multiple access (PD‐NOMA) aided grant‐free communication, where devices can transmit their data in an arrive‐and‐go manner by using randomly chosen power levels. The focus here is on collision detection, which is of prime importance in grant‐free systems. In the considered grant‐free PD‐NOMA scheme, collisions occur when multiple users randomly choose the same resource block and power level for data transmission, which makes it difficult for the base station (BS) to distinguish between their data. Accordingly, the proposed technique aims at early collision detection by introducing special activity indicator symbols (AIS), which are transmitted by each active device before, or at the start of, the actual data packet. The BS then exploits these known AIS to identify successful transmissions and collisions before processing actual data, which avoids unnecessary data transmission by users and/or receiver processing in case of collisions, and prepares the receiver for appropriate data recovery otherwise. It is demonstrated that the proposed technique provides a low complexity and high performance solution to enable transmission status detection in grant‐free PD‐NOMA.
Acquired factor VII inhibitor associated with primary central nervous system Lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Goyal Vanshika , Salmasi Giselle , Leavitt Andrew D. , Rubenstein James L. , Banerjee Rahul
Published: June 2022

Paraneoplastic coagulopathies are uncommon in patients with lymphoma. We report the first case of an acquired coagulopathy in a patient with isolated primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) demonstrating large‐cell histology. In our patient, a paraneoplastic factor VII inhibitor significantly delayed a diagnostic lumbar puncture despite fresh frozen plasma and inactivated prothrombin complex concentrate. While her coagulopathy was effectively overcome with recombinant activated factor VIIa and subsequently with lymphoma‐directed therapy, her delayed diagnosis likely contributed to a poor outcome. Our case highlights the importance of rapidly identifying and correcting paraneoplastic coagulopathies when PCNSL is suspected.
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on changes in antimicrobial prophylaxis and development of genito‐urinary tract infections after urodynamic study: A retrospective comparative study of a single rehabilitation hospital in Japan
Authors: Mukai Shigeto , Nomi Masashi , Kozawa Sae , Yanagiuchi Akihiro , Shigemura Katsumi , Sengoku Atsushi
Published: June 2022

Aims

To investigate the changes in the proportion of antimicrobial prophylaxis (AP) during the urodynamic study (UDS) and the frequency of posttest genito‐urinary tract infections (GUTI) before and after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, and evaluate this associations.

Patients and Methods

Patients who underwent UDS between 2015 and 2021 were targeted, and they were allocated to pre‐2020 as before the appearance of COVID‐19 and post‐2020 as after that, and propensity score matching was performed. The impact on AP was assessed by the administration rate, and that on the development of febrile GUTI after UDS was assessed for an equivalence by the GUTI‐free rate at 7 days after testing.

Results

After matching, 384 cases of 192 cases each were included. The frequency of AP was 58.3% in pre‐2020 and 77.1% in post‐2020, an increase of about 19%, and the rate increased significantly in post‐2020 (p < 0.001). However, the incidence of GUTI after UDS was 4.2% and 4.7%, respectively, with no significant difference. The ratio of GUTI‐free rates was within the equivalence margin, confirming an equivalence before and after the appearance of COVID‐19.

Conclusions

Under the influence of COVID‐19 pandemic, even though AP rate during UDS was increased by 19% from that brought by following the guideline‐based administration methods, the frequency of GUTI after UDS was similar, so it is thought to be important to use AP during UDS appropriately for high‐risk cases as recommended in the guidelines.
Systematic Builder for All‐Atom Simulations of Plastically Bonded Explosives
Authors: Li Chunyu , Hamilton Brenden W. , Shen Tongtong , Alzate Lorena , Strachan Alejandro
Published: June 2022

The shock to detonation transition in heterogeneous plastically bonded explosives is dominated by energy localization into hotspots that arise from the interaction of the shockwave with microstructural features and defects. The complex polycrystalline structure of these materials leads to a network of hotspot that can coalesce into deflagration and detonation waves. Significant progress has been made on the formation and potency of hotspots using atomistic simulations, but most of the work has focused on ideal and isolated defects. Hence, developed a method, denoted PBXGen, to build realistic PBX microstructures for all‐atom simulations. PBXGen is generally applicable, and we demonstrate it with two systems: an RDX‐polystyrene PBX with a 3D microstructure and a TATB‐polystyrene with columnar grains. The resulting structure exhibit key features of PBXs, albeit at smaller scales, and are validated against experimental mechanical and shock properties.
The impact of enzalutamide on quality of life in men with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer based on prior therapy, risk, and symptom subgroups
Authors: Stenzl Arnulf , Szmulewitz Russell Z. , Petrylak Daniel , Holzbeierlein Jeffrey , Villers Arnauld , Azad Arun , Alcaraz Antonio , Alekseev Boris , Iguchi Taro , Shore Neal D. , Gomez‐Veiga Francisco , Ivanescu Cristina , Rosbrook Brad , Ramaswamy Krishnan , Ganguli Arijit , Haas Gabriel P. , Armstrong Andrew J.
Published: June 2022

Background

Enzalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improved radiographic progression‐free survival versus ADT alone in patients with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) in ARCHES (NCT02677896). While health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) was generally maintained in the intent‐to‐treat population, we further analyzed patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in defined subgroups.

Methods

ARCHES was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 study. Patients with mHSPC received enzalutamide (160 mg/day) plus ADT (n = 574) or placebo plus ADT (n = 576). Questionnaires, including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy−Prostate, Brief Pain Inventory−Short Form, and EuroQol 5‐Dimension, 5‐Level (EQ‐5D‐5L), were completed at baseline, Week 13, and every 12 weeks until disease progression. PRO endpoints were time to first confirmed clinically meaningful deterioration (TTFCD) in HRQoL or pain. Subgroups included prognostic risk, pain/HRQoL, prior docetaxel, and local therapy (radical prostatectomy [RP] and/or radiotherapy [RT]).

Results

There were several between‐treatment differences in TTFCD for pain and functioning/HRQoL PROs. Enzalutamide plus ADT delayed TTFCD for worst pain in the prior RT group (not reached vs. 14.06 months; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.56 [95% confidence interval: 0.34−0.94]) and pain interference in low‐baseline‐HRQoL group (19.32 vs. 11.20 months; HR: 0.64 [0.44−0.94]) versus placebo plus ADT. In prior/no prior RP, prior RT, prior local therapy, no prior docetaxel, mild baseline pain, and low‐risk subgroups, TTFCD was delayed for the EQ‐5D‐5L visual analog scale.

Conclusion

Enzalutamide plus ADT provides clinical benefits in defined patient subgroups versus ADT alone, while maintaining lack of pain and high HRQoL, with delayed deterioration in several HRQoL measures.
Root‐knot nematode damage to a cucurbit double crop is increased by chloropicrin fumigation on the previous tomato crop
Authors: Desaeger Johan A , Bui Hung X
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Double‐cropping is a common practice in vegetable plasticulture whereby a second crop is planted on the same plastic bed as the first crop. Root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the major soilborne constraints in double‐cropped vegetables due to nematode population build‐up on the first crop. We evaluated the effect of fumigant and non‐fumigant nematicides applied on the first crop, on nematode infection and yield of the second crop in 10 field trials between 2017 and 2020. Fumigants were chloropicrin (Pic100), chloropicrin +1,3‐D (PicClor60), and non‐fumigant nematicides were oxamyl (Vydate), fluensulfone (Nimitz), fluopyram (Velum) and fluazaindolizine (Salibro). The first crop was tomato and double crops were cucumber, squash, zucchini, and cantaloupe.

RESULTS

Fumigation with chloropicrin on the first crop increased root‐knot nematode damage on the double‐crop at the end of the season in seven trials, while the opposite was noted in one trial, and no difference was noted in two trials. Fumigation with chloropicrin+1,3‐D resulted in root‐knot nematode damage less than chloropicrin but more than non‐fumigated plots. Cucurbit yield was greater in non‐fumigated beds in four trials, and in chloropicrin‐treated beds in two trials. Fluensulfone reduced root‐knot nematode damage on the second crop in five out of 10 trials.

CONCLUSION

Our results indicate that chloropicrin applied on the tomato crop may lead to increased root‐knot nematode damage on the double crop. More research is needed to understand the processes behind this, but it is possibly related to a reduction in natural nematode soil suppressiveness due to the broad‐spectrum fungicidal activity of chloropicrin. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
An Appearance Data‐Driven Model Visualizes Cell State and Predicts Mesenchymal Stem Cell Regenerative Capacity
Authors: Wu Di , Zhao Lu , Sui Bingdong , Tan Lingping , Lu Lu , Mao Xueli , Liao Guiqing , Shi Songtao , Cao Yang , Yang Xiaobao , Kou Xiaoxing
Published: June 2022

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in treating various diseases. However, lack of a reliable evaluation approach to characterize the potency of MSCs has dampened their clinical applications. Here, a function‐oriented mathematical model is established to evaluate and predict the regenerative capacity (RC) of MSCs. Processed by exhaustive testing, the model excavates four optimal fitted indices, including nucleus roundness, nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, side‐scatter height, and ERK1/2 from the given index combinations. Notably, three of them except ERK1/2 are cell appearance‐associated features. The predictive power of the model is validated via screening experiments of these indices by predicting the RC of newly enrolled and chemical inhibitor‐treated MSCs. Further RNA‐sequencing analysis reveals that cell appearance‐based indices may serve as major indicators to visualize the results of integration‐weighted signals in and out of cells and reflect MSC stemness. In general, this study proposes an appearance data‐driven predictive model for the RC and stemness of MSCs.
Mathematical Modeling and Characterization of Starch Nanocrystals Synthesized from Pearl Millet Varieties with Different Amylose Content
Authors: Bhardwaj Mamta , Sandhu Kawaljit Singh , Saxena D. C.
Published: June 2022

In this study, mathematical model equations are proposed for synthesis of starch nanocrystals from pearl millet varieties, HHB 67 and ProAgro 9444, differing in amylose content. Acid hydrolysis parameters, temperature, acid concentration, and hydrolysis time are optimized, thereafter, characterization of starch nanocrystals is done. Starch extraction is done by wet milling, yield, and amylose content of 41.23% and 15.05% for HHB 67 and, 45.66% and 20.21% for ProAgro 9444, respectively, are obtained. Rate constant values of kinetic studies reflect dependency of yield on temperature, duration, and acid concentration. Full factorial design is used for obtaining the model equations and optimizing the process parameters. Optimized yield of 19.12% and hydrodynamic diameter of 152 nm are obtained for HHB67 at 3.19 M acid concentration for 3 days at 45 °C, and for ProAgro9444 (15.68%, 200 nm) at 3.24 M acid concentration for 3 days at 45 °C. Yield is less, hydrodynamic particle size is more for ProAgro 9444 as compared to HHB 67. Morphological characteristics reveal irregular polygonal native starch granules whereas nanocrystals are spherical (30–70 nm). The crystallinity index increases appreciably after hydrolysis. No gelatinization behavior is observed in pasting curve for nanocrystals. Moreover, steady shear curves depict pseudoplastic behavior.
Permanent surgical luxation of the superficial digital flexor tendon in the management of a case of chronic septic calcaneal osteomyelitis
Authors: Lean Natasha E. , Ahern Benjamin J.
Published: June 2022

The calcaneal tuberosity, due to its superficial location and prominent positioning, is predisposed to traumatic injury and synovial infection. Frequently, injury also involves the superficial digital flexor tendon either directly or through inflammation, swelling, adhesions and proliferative osteitis resulting in increased tension and persistent pain. This case report describes permanent superficial digital flexor tendon luxation to improve surgical access to the calcaneal tuber and alleviate pain associated with tension of the superficial digital flexor tendon following chronic septic calcaneal osteomyelitis and bursitis.
Blood oxidative stress biomarkers in women: influence of oral contraception, exercise, and N-acetylcysteine
Authors: Quinn Karlee M. , Roberts Llion , Cox Amanda J. , Borg David N. , Pennell Evan N. , McKeating Daniel R. , Fisher Joshua J. , Perkins Anthony V. , Minahan Clare
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To compare physiological responses to submaximal cycling and sprint cycling performance in women using oral contraceptives (WomenOC) and naturally cycling women (WomenNC) and to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation mediates these responses.

Methods

Twenty recreationally trained women completed five exercise trials (i.e., an incremental cycling test, a familiarisation trial, a baseline performance trial and two double-blind crossover intervention trials). During the intervention trials participants supplemented with NAC or a placebo 1 h before exercise. Cardiopulmonary parameters and blood biochemistry were assessed during 40 min of fixed-intensity cycling at 105% of gas-exchange threshold and after 1-km cycling time-trial.

Results

WomenOC had higher ventilation (β [95% CI] = 0.07 L·min−1 [0.01, 0.14]), malondialdehydes (β = 12.00 mmol·L−1 [6.82, 17.17]) and C-reactive protein (1.53 mg·L−1 [0.76, 2.30]), whereas glutathione peroxidase was lower (β =  22.62 mU·mL−1 [− 41.32, − 3.91]) compared to WomenNC during fixed-intensity cycling. Plasma thiols were higher at all timepoints after NAC ingestion compared to placebo, irrespective of group (all p < 0.001; d = 1.45 to 2.34). For WomenNC but not WomenOC, the exercise-induced increase in malondialdehyde observed in the placebo trial was blunted after NAC ingestion, with lower values at 40 min (p = 0.018; d = 0.73). NAC did not affect cycling time-trial performance.

Conclusions

Blood biomarkers relating to oxidative stress and inflammation are elevated in WomenOC during exercise. There may be an increased strain on the endogenous antioxidant system during exercise, since NAC supplementation in WomenOC did not dampen the exercise-induced increase in malondialdehyde. Future investigations should explore the impact of elevated oxidative stress on exercise adaptations or recovery from exercise in WomenOC.
Preservation of the round ligament to accommodate transient portal hypertension after major hepatectomy
Authors: Koliogiannis D. , Nieß H. , Koliogiannis V. , Ilmer M. , Angele M. , Werner J. , Guba M.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) remains a leading cause of death after extensive liver resection. Apart from the size and function of the remaining liver remnant, the development of postresection portal hypertension (pHT) plays a crucial role in the development of PHLF. We hypothesize that the umbilical vein in the preserved round ligament (RL) may recanalize in response to new-onset pHT after extended hepatectomy, thus providing a natural portosystemic shunt.

Methods

In this exploratory study, RL was preserved in 10 consecutive patients undergoing major liver resection. Postoperative imaging was pursued to obtain evidence of reopened umbilical vein in the RL. The postoperative course, including the occurrence of PHLF, as well as the rate of procedure-specific complications were recorded.

Results

None of the 10 cases presented with an adverse event due to preservation of the RL. In 6 cases, postoperative imaging demonstrated reopening of the umbilical vein with hepatofugal flow in the RL. The rates of procedure-related surgical complications were lower than would be expected in this population; in particular, the rate of occurrence of PHLF as defined by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) was low.

Conclusion

Our results support the theoretical concept of portosystemic pressure relief via a preserved umbilical vein after major liver surgery. As preservation of the RL is easily done, we suggest keeping it intact in extended hepatectomy cases and in patients with preexistent pHT.
Emotion and its relation to cognition from Vygotsky’s perspective
Authors: Cong-Lem Ngo
Published: June 2022

Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory (VST) has been increasingly utilised as an effective framework to account for the role of emotions in learning and development. Yet, within VST, emotion has neither been systemically theorised nor investigated. This paper contributes to the literature by offering a theoretical discussion of Vygotsky’s perspective on emotion and its relation to cognition. Employing a content analysis approach, three of Vygotsky’s key texts on emotions were closely read and analysed with emerging themes grouped into a system of interrelated theoretical tenets. The insights gained from this paper benefit scholars who are interested in understanding and researching emotions from a VST perspective as well as provide important implications for educational practices.
Understanding on CRISPR/Cas9 mediated cutting-edge approaches for cancer therapeutics
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rudrarup , Das Roy Lopamudra , Choudhury Amarendranath
Published: June 2022

The research focus on CRISPR/Cas9 has gained substantial concentration since the discovery of ‘an unusual repeat sequence’ reported by Ishino et al. (J Bacteriol 169:5429–5433, 1987) and the journey comprises the recent Nobel Prize award (2020), conferred to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. Cumulatively, the CRISPR has a short, compact, and most discussed success of its application in becoming one of the most versatile and paradigm shifting technologies of Biological Research. Today, the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system is almost ubiquitously utilized in many facets of biological research where its tremendous gene manipulation capability has been harnessed to create miracles. From 2012, the CRISPR/Cas 9 system has been showcased in almost 15,000 research articles in the PubMed database, till date. Backed by some strong molecular evidence, the CRISPR system has been utilized in a few clinical trials targeted towards various pathologies. While the area covered by CRISPR is cosmic, this review will focus mostly on the utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the field of cancer therapy.
Bioelectrochemical enhancement of methane production from exhausted vine shoot fermentation broth by integration of MEC with anaerobic digestion
Authors: Carrillo-Peña D. , Escapa A. , Hijosa-Valsero M. , Paniagua-García A. I. , Díez-Antolínez R. , Mateos R.
Published: June 2022

A microbial electrolysis cell integrated in an anaerobic digestion system (MEC-AD) is an efficient configuration to produce methane from an exhausted vine shoot fermentation broth (EVS). The cell worked in a single-chamber two-electrode configuration at an applied potential of 1 V with a feeding ratio of 30/70 (30% EVS to 70% synthetic medium). In addition, an identical cell operated in an open circuit was used as a control reactor. Experimental results showed similar behavior in terms of carbon removal (70–76%), while the specific averaged methane production from cycle 7 was more stable and higher in the connected cell (MECAD) compared with the unpolarized one (OCAD) accounting for 403.7 ± 33.6 L CH4·kg VS−1 and 121.3 ± 49.7 L CH4·kg VS−1, respectively. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the electrical capacitance of the bioanode in MECAD was twice the capacitance shown by OCAD. The bacterial community in both cells was similar but a clear adaptation of Methanosarcina Archaea was exhibited in MECAD, which could explain the increased yields in CH4 production. In summary, the results reported here confirm the advantages of integrating MEC-AD for the treatment of real organic liquid waste instead of traditional AD treatment.
Catholics, property, and the experience of the penal laws in eighteenth-century England: Evidence from the Vincent Eyre Manuscripts
Authors: Myers Joanne E.
Published: June 2022

This article seeks to nuance our understanding of how the penal laws against Roman Catholics were interpreted in eighteenth-century England and how English Catholics of the era experienced their status as a penalised minority. Using evidence from Ushaw Library’s Vincent Eyre Mansucripts, it examines how propertied Catholics navigated proscriptions against owning and selling property. Although much scholarship has emphasised the flexibility that the statutes afforded Catholics, this article focuses not on the enforcement of these laws but on the pressure they exerted on Catholics’ daily consciousness. Vincent Eyre, a Derbyshire conveyancer, trained under Catholic conveyancers in London and worked as agent for the tenth Duke of Norfolk in Sheffield. His manuscripts, which consist principally of legal opinions and briefs on conveyancing cases, testify to the pervasive uncertainty under which Catholics laboured as they sought to assert a ‘good title’ to property, protect their faith from legal discovery, and assert their standing as subjects despite laws that disabled them from full belonging to the nation. This article builds on recent work that charts Catholics’ affective experiences in eighteenth-century Britain as their dynamic contributions in the period are increasingly recognized.