bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Botanical and commodity characteristics of the common bracken fern
Authors: Ryazanova O.A. , Nikolaeva M.A. , Kleschevskiy Yu.N.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the botanical and commodity characteristics of the bracken fern, its biology and range, economic purpose, use in folk medicine and home cooking, as well as its harms and benefits. Identifying features are given, and the technology of the main methods of culinary processing is briefly considered.
Nanostructured Jerusalem artichoke: its properties and application in the ice cream production
Authors: Krolevets A.A. , Myachikova N.I. , Binkovskaya O.V. , Glotova S.G. , Semichev K.M. , Mamaeva E.M. , Khalikova A.S.
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the properties of a nanostructured Jerusalem artichoke, determines selforganization and particle sizes using the NTA method. It was shown that the smallest nanocapsule size in xanthan gum (179 nm), and the largest size in apple highly esterifi ed pectin with a core: shell ratio of 5:1 (334 nm). The obtained nanostructured Jerusalem artichoke was used in the production of ice cream with functional properties.
Analysis of the assortment policy of trade organizations that sell non-fish seafood
Authors: Nikolaeva M.A. , Stetsyuk E.N.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of the study conducted by the authors of the real trade assortment in the category "non-fish seafood". The purpose of this study was to conduct a research of the categorical assortment of non-fish seafood, determine its indicators, and analyze the assortment policy of three retail stores. The conducted research of the assortment of the category of non-fish seafood allowed revealing the real trade assortment in the examined stores. It is established that the category assortment of the Pyaterochka store is the closest to the rational one. The assortment policy of this store is characterized by the two main directions: the main one is stabilization, and the additional one is renewal. The Verny store has the highest stability coefficient, which indicates the main direction of the assortment policy — stabilization. It was found out that the basic depth of the category assortment for non-fish seafood reaches 38 brands and their modifi cations, and all stores present an assortment that is not repeated in the other examined stores.
Briefly on the classification and characteristics of grain and flour products
Authors: Agapkin A.M.
Published: July 2021

A brief classification and characteristics of grain and flour products are provided. The purpose of the work is to interest the readers and to encourage them to a more detailed study of the quality of grain and flour products. The article is intended for students of commodity and trade profi le. The material is prepared on the basis of classical works on commodity science, modern regulatory documents and publications of the author.
Actual problems of cheese classification in accordance with the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity
Authors: Krishtafovich D.V. , Efimov A.V.
Published: July 2021

The article deals with issues related to the classification of cheeses in accordance with the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the Eurasian economic Union. As you know, cheeses are in high demand among customers and are an integral part of the diet of most Russians. Currently, there is a huge variety of cheeses, and therefore there is a need for a uniform approach to their classification, which directly affects the determination of the reliable customs code and the corresponding customs duty rate.
On the issue of assessing the quality of meat of slaughter animals by microstructural methods
Authors: Soldatova S.Yu.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the possibilities of using microstructural methods of analysis to determine the quality of meat, including injected with complex food additives. The results of histological tests of meat are presented, characteristic features and main differences in the microstructure of muscle fibers after repeated defrosting and after treatment with water-retaining additives are determined.
Balancing food compositions according to the complete protein profile in a personalized nutrition system
Authors: Zverev S.V. , Karpov V.I.
Published: July 2021

The article emphasizes the importance of the qualitative composition of protein in the diet. The authors propose to classify the protein into three main groups according to the concept of a reference (complete) protein. To solve the problem of blending in order to obtain a rational mixture for a given profile of the reference protein, a mathematical model is considered. Two variants of the criterion for forming the optimal blend are described. In the Builder C++ 6.0 software environment, an algorithm and a calculation program are implemented. An example of the implementation of the proposed mathematical apparatus is demonstrated in the preparation of a food composition consisting of five components of plant origin. The analysis of alternative variants showed that the minimum score of the first composition is 1.0 (the first criterion), the second is 0.82; the proportion of the reference protein in the mixture is 15.3 and 14.1, respectively, for the first and second criteria.
Cognitive functions in patients in the long-term period of microsurgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Shetova I. M. , Shatokhin T. A. , Lukyanchikov V. A. , Krylov V. V.
Published: July 2021

Objective: to study cognitive functions in patients in the long-term period of microsurgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Materials methods: on the basis of the University Clinic of the Moscow State Medical University. A.I. Evdokimov and the Department of Emergency Neurosurgery of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, an analysis of cognitive functions was carried out in 212 patients operated on by a microsurgical method since 2013. Results: in the long-term period of surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms, cognitive impairments of varying severity were detected in 78 patients (37 %). The main factors negatively affecting cognitive functions were the severity of the patient’s condition before surgery, corresponding to Hunt-Kosnik III–V, the age of patients over 60 years old, body mass index over 30, localization of the aneurysm in the basin of the anterior cerebral artery and vertebrobasilar basin, patients’ condition discharge according to the Glasgow Grade IV–III Outcome Scale. No significant dependence of cognitive impairment on the severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage and the gender of patients was found. On the contrary, the severity of anxiety and depression, which was assessed on the HADS scale, was twice as likely to be observed in female patients as compared with male patients. Conclusion: it is obvious that the persistence of cognitive deficit and mental disorders, in the form of anxiety and depression, in the long-term period of surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms dictates the need for long-term dispensary observation and correction of the revealed disorders.
The effectiveness of vagus nerve stimulation after failed surgical treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Authors: Trifonov Igor , Sinkin Mikhail , Nekhoroshikh Alexandra
Published: July 2021

According to the WHO, about 50 million people in the world suffer from epilepsy, while 20–40 % are resistant to antiepileptic drugs and need alternative treatment methods. The arsenal of neurosurgeons includes a wide range of operations that have proven effectiveness in the fight against pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Such a promising type of treatment as vagus nerve stimulation can be used both with contraindicated resection surgery and after it. Currently, the field of VNS therapy continues to be explored, including the efficiency and rationality of its use.
Recovery peculiarities and complications in the nasal cavity caused by skull base reconstruction with nasoseptal flap after transnasal removal of chiasmo-sellar mass lesions
Authors: Nikonova Svetlana Dmitrievna , Kutin Maksim Aleksandrovich , Shelesko Elizaveta Vladimirovna , Kalinin Pavel Lvovich , Chernikova Nadezhda Alekseevna , Fomochkina Lyudmila Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2021

Today, endoscopic endonasal approach is considered the gold standard in skull base surgery of the chiasmosellar region. Advances in transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery allow conducting more extensive interventions via wider approaches which requires more complicated plastic closure of the skull base defect. In 2006, G. Haddad et al. suggested using a vascularized nasoseptal flap to reconstruct a skull base defect. This method is generally accepted at present due to its reliability and low frequency of postoperative complications. The purpose of this article is to analyze publications on possible complications and pathological conditions of the nasal cavity when using a vascularized nasoseptal flap for skull base surgery after removal of neoplasms of the chiasmo-sellar region. The study included articles found in the Pubmed database (2006–2020) which described frequency and character of complications caused by skull base defect reconstruction by a nasoseptal flap after transnasal removal of chiasmo-sellar neoplasms. According to the literature review, the following complications are reported: cerebrospinal fluid leak, flap necrosis and infectious complications, pathological changes in the nasal cavity: prolonged crusting, synechiae, epistaxis, septum perforation, sinusitis, subatrophic changes of mucosae, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, olfactory dysfunction. The authors conclude that the nasoseptal flap is, undoubtedly, an effective material for reconstruction of dural defects by endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery, because of its good viability due to the preserved blood supply and high tightness of the plasty. However, there is a risk of complications in the nasal cavity. For these reasons, development of effective methods for prevention of nasal complications after using a vascularized flap in endoscopic endonasal surgery is an important issue today.
Overall incidence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation and federal districts in 2017–2019
Authors: Demcheva Nadezhda Konstantinovna , Yazdovskaya Alla Vladimirovna
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to identify the main trends in the overall incidence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation in 2017–2019. The analysis of indices based on statistical reports, revealed changes in the direction of the dynamics of the overall incidence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation. In 2018–2019, the indicator increased (by 0,1 %) for the first time after a yearslong (2007–2018) rather intense annual decline. The most noticeable increase is noted in the incidence of organic mental disorders, chronic inorganic disorders, childhood psychoses, including autism, as well as in indices in the groups of children and adolescents 0–14, 15–17 years old and individuals of 60 years and older. The authors of the article conclude that the change in the dynamics of overall incidence in the Russian Federation observed in 2017–2019 indicates a rise in the referral to psychiatric institutions in the last year with an increase in the total number of patients receiving specialized care.
P. I. Jacobi — one of the organizers of the Russian zemstvo psychiatry
Authors: Nekrasov Mikhail Anatolievich , Gardanova Zhanna Robertovna , Khritinin Dmitriy Fedorovich
Published: July 2021

The report provides basic information about the life and work of the famous Russian zemsky psychiatrist P. I. Jacobi. His views on the system of organization of psychiatric care in the Russian provinces are analyzed. The paper presents data on the priority of P. I. Jacobi for the introduction of the term “decentralization of psychiatric care” into scientific use.
History and modern problems of providing dispensary drug treatment
Authors: Maidan A. V. , Artemieva M. S.
Published: July 2021

The article presents an analysis of the history of development and identified problems in the system of outpatient drug treatment. The main issues of providing drug treatment to the population and possible prospects for the development of the system of outpatient drug treatment are considered.
Evaluation of the mass of bacterial excretion in patients with tuberculosis and combined pathology (HIV infection and tuberculosis)
Authors: Asmanova Mariya Andreevna , Lukyanenko Natalya Valentinovna , Yurova Vera Aleksandrovna , Shevchenko Valeriy Vladimirovich
Published: July 2021

A comparative assessment of the frequency and massiveness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation in patients with tuberculosis and patients with combined pathology (HIV infection and tuberculosis) is presented. It was found that the frequency of mycobacteria isolation by PCR and bacteriological methods did not significantly differ from each other, but was significantly higher than with bacterioscopy. The frequency of mycobacteria isolation in patients with combined infections (HIV and tuberculosis) and monoinfection (tuberculosis) was equal. At the same time, patients with combined pathology were significantly less likely to have massive bacterial excretion compared to monoinfection with tuberculosis, and significantly more likely to have poor bacterial excretion. Patients with co-infection with HIV and tuberculosis are less dangerous as sources of tuberculosis infection for others, especially in homes, medical and social organizations. The identified features can be used in the organization of anti-epidemic measures in foci.
Assessment of occupational risks based on consolidated databases on working conditions
Authors: Muldasheva Nadezhda Alekseevna , Karimova Liliya Kazymovna , Larionova Tatyana Kensarinovna , Shaikhlislamova Elmira Radikovna
Published: July 2021

The methodology for assessing occupational risks currently occupies a priority place in assessing the impact of production factors on the health of workers. The main sources of information for assessing the levels of occupational risks include data obtained in the course of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, a special assessment of working conditions and production control. To date, there is a need to harmonize legislation on a special assessment of working conditions and sanitary and hygienic requirements in terms of the list of factors of the working environment and the labor process subject to research and measurement. An adequate assessment of occupational risks is possible only on the basis of the use of consolidated databases on working conditions obtained from various sources.
Impact of the carbon dioxide on the health care workers during the use of respirators
Authors: Kaptsov Valeriy Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2021

Relevance of the problem. The incidence of infectious diseases among health care workers is higher than the population. Better protection of workers from inhalation of bioaerosols will reduce the risk of their disease. The purpose of the study.The goal is to establish how and to what extent the use of personal respiratory protection equipment (PPE) worsens the gas exchange during breathing, and preventing their timely and proper use in the polluted atmosphere. Materials and methods. Available publications from NIOSH, Taylor & Francis, Oxford University Press and other sourceshave been used. Results. The respirator’s usage increases the «dead space», reducing the concentration of oxygen and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the inhaled air. The concentration of CO2may exceed the Occupational Exposure Limits many times. The degree of exposure depends on the type of RPD and the tidal volume; in case of a light work the exposure increases. The requirements for certification of respirators cover only the case of heavy work. Therefore, meeting these requirements does not allow for an adequate assessment of the impact of the respirator on the employee when performing light work. Excessive exposure to carbon dioxide, combined with reduced oxygen concentration in the inhaled air, discomfort and skin irritation, prevents the use of the respirator and can lead to disability. Conclusion. The article gives recommendations on how to improve the protection of medical workers from inhalation of bioaerosols: reducing air pollution with the medical masks and ventilation; use the filtering Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPR); changing requirements to respiratory containment. There are recommendations to improve the protection of health workers from inhalation of bioaerosols — reduction of air pollution by masks and ventilation; use of PPE with air supply to the front part; changing requirements for certification of respirators.
Features of occupational pathology of construction workers in the Arctic
Authors: Syurin Sergey Alekseevich
Published: July 2021

Construction is one of the most important sectors of the economy. The purpose of the study was to investigate the working conditions and occupational pathology of workers in the construction industry in the Arctic zone of Russia in 2008–2018. Materials and methods. The analysis included results of the monitoring study «Working conditions and occupational morbidity» of the population of the Arctic zone of Russia in 2008–2018. Results. It was found that in 2008–2018, 145 occupational diseases were first identified among builders. Most often occupational pathology developed in women (n = 86) who worked as painters (n = 48) and plasterers (n = 26). The increased severity of work was the cause of the development of 55.9 % of occupational pathology cases. In its structure, diseases of the musculoskeletal system (43.4 %), respiratory organs (18.6 %) and the nervous system (15.9 %) were most prevalent. The most prevalent nosological units were monopolyneuropathy, arthrosis of the joints of the extremities and sensorineural hearing loss (13.8 % each). Mainly occupational diseases (80 cases or 55.2 %) were first diagnosed as a result of workers’ self-appeal for medical help. The annual number of diagnosed diseases ranged from 5 to 27 cases. In general, over 10 years there was a trend towards an increase in the number of occupational diseases. In 2018, the risk of formation of occupational pathology among construction workers significantly exceeded the level of 2008: RR = 3.51; CI 1.65–7.46; χ2 = 12.4; p = 0.0005. Conclusion. Prevention of occupational pathology among builders in the Arctic should, first of all, include technical measures to reduce the severity of labor processes in the «female» construction professions (painter and plasterer) and medical measures to prevent the musculoskeletal diseases.
Comparative characteristics of children’s morbidity rates for diseases etiologically related to the food factor
Authors: Romanenko Sergey Pavlovich , Novikova Irina Igorevna
Published: July 2021

Child health indicators in Russia indicate a negative trend for more than three decades. The formation of children’s health is determined by environmental factors, the level of development of the education system, a complex of socio-economic factors, and lifestyle. The study conducted a retrospective assessment of the incidence of children and adolescents with diseases etiologically related to the food factor in the Russian Federation as a whole and the subjects where cadet corps are located. Analysis of official data of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation from 2011 to 2019 on the total incidence of food-related factors indicates an increase in the incidence of endocrine diseases, diabetes, and obesity in children aged 0–14 years. Children aged 15–17 years showed an increase in the average long-term indicator for diseases of the endocrine system, thyroid diseases, diabetes, obesity, and anemia. Ranking of subjects of the Volga Federal district based on the average long-term data of morbidity indicators, etiologically related to the food factor, made it possible to identify risk areas. According to the results of ranking 1 rank place was taken by the Republic of Tatarstan, the second — Bashkortostan, third place — the Chuvash Republic, fourth place — Perm Krai, fifth place — Udmurt Republic, sixth place — Nizhny Novgorod oblast. According to these diseases, the negative dynamics remains. In General, on the territory of the Volga Federal district, the incidence of children and adolescents corresponds to all-Russian trends, however, the situation is much worse for a number of diseases that are etiologically related to the food factor, namely, diseases of the endocrine system and obesity.
Diagnostic value of the LAMP method with real-time fluo-rescence detection on a model of herpesvirus infection
Authors: Smirnova Darya Ilyinichna , Gracheva Anastasiya Vyacheslavovna , Volynskaya Elena Aleksandrovna , Zverev Vitaliy Vasilievich , Faizuloev Evgeniy Bakhtiyorovich
Published: July 2021

Due to the high prevalence and clinical significance of herpesvirus diseases, improvement of methods of their diagnostic remains relevant.The aim of the work: improvement of the methodological approaches to the rapid differential diagnosis of herpesvirus infections based on the LAMP method with real-time fluorescence detection (LAMPRT). 201 urogenital swabs were examined using RT-PCR and LAMP-RT, 27of which contained DNAof Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 34 — Cytomegalovirus (CMV), 14 — Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), 36 — Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). For LAMP-RT reaction we used Bst 2.0 WarmStart DNA polymerase (BioLabs, Great Britain), SYTO-82 dye (Invitrogen, USA), and sets of primers for herpesvirus DNA detection by LAMP. High efficiency of using the SYTO-82 dye for the detection of herpesvirus DNA in the LAMP-RT reactionwas shown. Under the optimal conditions, the LAMP-RT allows to reduce the reaction time to 25 minutes, that 3 times less then real-time PCR. The diagnostic sensitivity of the LAMP-RT reaction for HSV-1 was 100 %, HSV-2 — 94.50 %, EBV — 89 %, CMV — 94 %. The diagnostic specificity for all studied viruses was 100 %. The analytical sensitivity of EBV detection was 104 DNA copies/ ml, for HSV types 1 and 2 and CMV — 103 DNA copies/ml. Thus, the LAMP-RT reaction with SYTO-82 dye makes it possible to detect the DNA of various herpesviruses in clinical specimens with high sensitivity and specificity and can be considered as a promising method for point-of-care diagnostics. For the widespread implementation of the method into the practice of laboratory diagnostics, it is necessary to solve the problem of creating an internal positive control of the reaction and the development of portable specialized analyzers.
The cyclogenesis of the Russian worldview and its architectonics
Authors: Pishchik A.
Published: July 2021

The paper describes the model of cyclogenesis of the Russian worldview from the origins of its formation to the present time.The evolution of the Russian worldview is determined by the following cyclically successive paradigms: Pagan, Orthodox, New-European and the Newest worldview paradigms. The multilevel architectonics of the Russian worldview formed in the course of its evolution is shown.
Formation of the information space of the new generation of Russia: media educational practices
Authors: Kokhanaya O.
Published: July 2021

The author analyzes the problems of humanitarian education and upbringing of the younger generation, which are necessary to ensure Russia's national security in the 21st century, the transformation of communication mechanisms of children and adolescents at the present stage; Successful media educational projects and media technologies forming a new information space are considered.
Russian world of Crimea from «times of Ochakov» and for this day
Authors: Polyakov V.
Published: July 2021

The Russian world is extraordinarily dynamic in time, besides substantially transformed territorial. One business to be Russian in mainland Russia or outside “Russian oykumeny”. In the real article, an author will make attempt unite in itself and experience of scientist and narrativ man which practically all long innings up to a spring 2014 years lived outside the conditional border of Russia. Gave birth in Romania, in child's garden walked in Uzbekistan, in school in Turkmenia, in institute in Ukraine. Thus his roots always were in Crimea.
The discourse of dialect vocabulary as an expression of the identity of the people
Authors: Kiselev A. , Shilina S.
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with the problem of showing the identity of the Russian people through the discourse of dialect vocabulary reflected in the classical 19 of Russian literature of the 19th century — in the collection “Notes of the Hunter” by Ivan Turgenev. The authors of the article analyzed the functions of lexical dialectisms in the writer 's essays, drew attention to the feature of using lexical dialectisms and ethnographies themselves, concluded on the importance of maintaining dialectisms as a reflection of the identity of the people.
Russian mentality through the prism of Nizhny Novgorod dialects
Authors: Nikiforova O.
Published: July 2021

The paper uses the material of Nizhny Novgorod dialects to note that the verbal code of family rituals, being a special form of storing and reflecting national and cultural information, becomes the basis for learning the specifics of the national mentality and gives a multifaceted idea of people's life in the value space of the Russian ethnic group.
On the problem of preserving the cultural-humanistic measurement of innovative education
Authors: Kutyrev V.
Published: July 2021

The leading trend in innovative education is technologization. It is generally welcomed and purposefully implemented. There are much fewer people who are not afraid to discuss the contradiction: this process is due to the diminution of its cultural and humanistic aspects. Deprived of a value character, education ceases to fulfill a social role in the development of man as a person. Unlimited technologization turns it into programming, until the trainees reach an “expanded consciousness”, when they may not know anything: “everything is in the computer”. The preservation of the cultural and humanistic dimension of education presupposes the reproduction of all forms of culture in it. School and university should not a cognitive robot, even if innovative, but a personality. Technologization is required, but it must be dosed and regulated in order to preserve upbringing and education.
Culture as a space of anthropological generation
Authors: Valeeva E.
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with how society created its educational ideals, which are reflected in educational archetypes — generotypes that carry the actual energy of transformation and meaning generation. This is a variant of the project of generative typology of culture, replacing the descriptive-factual approach, which is rejected by students due to its cumbersome monotony.
To the Question of the Concept «The Deep Nation»
Authors: Ponkin I.
Published: July 2021

The paper is devoted to the study of the concept and features of the ontology of the deep nation. The author shows the content of discussions on this topic. The article explains the relationship between the deep nation and the deep state. The article touches on the topic of the Russian people as a deep nation.
The «Soil-Bound» Culture in the Basis of Economy
Authors: Kirichek P.
Published: July 2021

The “soil-bound” culture of the nation plays a key role in the basis of the economy of the country. It determines the development of not only the non-material, but also the material sector of social reproduction. The rejection of the “soil-bound” culture in economic policy (with replacement of “native” communitarism with “alien” liberalism) dooms material production to stagnation and even regression. This barrier is overcome by adjusting of the market vector of the economy with “soil-bound” culture.
Grant policy in the context of reforming the educational system in Russia
Authors: Napalkov S.
Published: July 2021

In this paper we are talking about the grant policy of the Russian education. Thanks to grants, the necessary support is provided for projects, including scientific ones, that are not profitable, but play an important role in the development of a society, city or educational institution. Activities that do not receive adequate funding from the state can also be supported by grants.
Global culture: plus de questions que de réponses?
Authors: Agoshkov A.
Published: July 2021

Review of the edition: Zapesotsky A.S. The formation of global culture and conflicts of civilizations (Based on materials from the International Likhachev Scientific Readings) / A.S. Zapesotsky. — SPb.: SPbGUP, 2018. — 608 c.
Some Anthropological Consequences of the Pandemic: Easter Release, Wet Markets, Invisible Victims and Violence Issues
Authors: Asmolov A. , Soldatova G. , Sorokina S.
Published: July 2021

Experience in cross-cultural monitoring of pandemic and infodemic images. The new look of “Witches of the 21st Century”: virus vs religion. “We are in the same boat”: the rhetoric of mutual assistance, and not the opposition “friends or foes”. Visible and invisible victims. Deferred Risk Strategy: Help Only the “Visible Victim”. The dangers of temptation are simple solutions. A pandemic situation — a situation of destruction of public rules? The value of human life as a factor in preventing violence.
Social policy in a modern enterprise: main directions
Authors: Nikitina Valeriya Sergeevna , Ispulova Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: July 2021

This article examines the role of social policy in the process of enterprise man-agement and defi nes its main directions and forms. The purpose of the article is to explain the essence of social policy, designate its signifi cance in the organization, and determine its signifi-cance for the employees of the enterprise.
Tolerance — the way to inclusion
Authors: Omelyaschik Inessa Vladimirovna
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the importance of inclusive education through mass events with children with developmental disabilities and normotypical children. The issues on the formation of a tolerant attitude towards all participants in the educational process are considered.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment relationships and development of social partnership in the Russian Federation
Authors: Dovganenko Aleksandr Anatolievich
Published: July 2021

Before the outbreak of the pandemic and a radical change in the social and labor situation in the country, the main sources of the beginning of confrontations between workers and employers were non-payment of wages, low wages and violations of working conditions. In the context of the spread of the coronavirus infection, the top three included "reductions in workers", displacing "low wages". These reasons determined the key and main problems faced by the majority of the country's citizens.
The role of the media in solving the adaptation problems of foreign students to the conditions of a Russian higher educational institution
Authors: Plokhova Irina Anatolievna , Bibikova Nadezhda Vyacheslavovna
Published: July 2021

The article highlights the issues related to the problems of adaptation of foreign students to cultural norms and values cultivated in Russia. As one of the alternatives for overcoming adaptation problems, the authors suggested using the media. Based on the results of a questionnaire survey conducted with a study group of foreign students from the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, the main adaptation problems are described, and the role of the media in their solution is indicated. In the process of researching the topic, the authors of the article came to the conclusion that the impact of media institutions on the foreign students’ problems of adaptation contributes to their resolution.
Development of feedback tools for local government bodies and civil society institutions (on the example of the Municipal Center of Region Management of the urban district «Zvezdny Gorodok», Moscow Region)
Authors: Bondar Yuliya Sergeevna
Published: July 2021

Using the case of one of the municipalities of the Moscow Region, the author attempts to disclose the merits and problems of organizing a municipal Center of Region Management — a new structure designed to improve the quality of informational interdepartmental interaction, the effectiveness of feedback from local government bodies and civil society institutions.
Trends in the development of volunteering in modern Russia
Authors: Knyazkova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Bereza Nataliya Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2021

The article examines the main trends in the development of volunteering in Russia at the present stage. Attention is drawn to the general activation in the volunteer movement of schoolchildren, students, as well as older people.
Social adaptation of elderly persons in long-term care facilities
Authors: Startseva Olga Nikolaevna
Published: July 2021

The article presents modern approaches to the social adaptation of elderly people in inpatient social institutions as part of the creation of a long-term care system.
Using cases in social work with different types of families
Authors: Vagapova Dariya Andreevna , Ispulova Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: July 2021

Currently, we can note positive trends in the formation and development of social service institutions for families. The dynamics of the main statistical indicators characterizing the formation and development of institutions for social services to the family indicates that the number of institutions for social services for families and the system of social protection of the population has increased signifi cantly. At the same time, the burden on specialists dictates the need to develop various mechanisms for working with families. This paper deals with the development and application of cases in social work with families.
Logopedic technologies of positive socialization of preschool children with speech disorder development
Authors: Muller Olga Yurievna
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the features of the use of correctional and developmental massage in the work of a speech therapist with preschoolers. Teachers have a need for new studies of speech development of preschoolers and the use of new pedagogical tech- nologies. The urgency and importance of the issue served as the basis for the development of a system of speech therapy technology for the use of developing massage in speech therapy practice. On the basis of the studied methodological literature, the author has developed five blocks of complexes of games and exercises for developmental massage. At the beginning and at the end of the work, preschoolers were diagnosed, which made it possible to see that the developmental massage complexes created by the author allow correcting speech disorders effectively.
Methodology for developing a combined technological process based on modifying the properties and changing the surface layer parameter
Authors: Gadalov V.N. , Filatov E.A. , Filonovich A.V.
Published: July 2021

The article reveals information links between acoustic properties and parameters of the metal microstructure. A large number of regulatory documents and a lack of scientific concept lead to the system errors when estimating condition of both longterm operating metal and the product in the whole. The article considers methodology for developing a combined technological process based on modification of properties and change of the coatings' surface layer parameters, with an estimation of their efficiency in terms of productivity based on the criterial use of productivity principles. The analysis of technological activities for the productivity coefficient and the criterial estimates confirmed their efficiency.
Computer simulation of the technological process of the complex mechanical systems' diffusion welding
Authors: Ponomarev S. I.
Published: July 2021

The article shows the use of computer programs that allow simulating the manufacturing processes of both the mechanical system itself and its components. The development of complex mechanical systems under present-day conditions has led to strengthening their quality, reliability and functioning durability requirements. The solution to the problem of ensuring these requirements includes a wide range of activities. One of the priority tasks of this problem is to develop a scientifically based methodology for estimating the manufacturing and technical condition of both the mechanical system itself and its components, providing the necessary and, if possible, sufficient list of technical properties and methods for their determination. The suggested method of using an attribute database for computer simulation of the nodes manufacturing technology by diffusion welding allows to significantly reduce the time and resource costs for manufacturing complex mechanical systems.
Application of laser technologies in mechanical engineering
Authors: Kozlov V.B. , Istomin A.B.
Published: July 2021

Lasers are widely used and have wide prospects in the most various branches of mechanical engineering. The paper considers the possibilities of using changes in laser technologies in billet production, welding and Assembly various materials, engraving and painting.
Results of the experimental bits bench test, equipped with the compound built-up layers
Authors: Gadalov V.N. , Brodsky V. M. , Filatov E.A. , Filonovic A.V.
Published: July 2021

The article shows the results of performance laboratory studies of compound built-up layers, as well as benches of the pilot tests of the drilling bit rolling cutters, equipped on the bit gage surface of the compound built-up layer; the hardening layers were located along the gage teeth contour. The cast tungsten carbide building-up welding on experimental bits was carried out using a gas-flame method. The induction method of building-up welding was implemented on the rolling cutters of the serial bits. The article shows the results of comparative indicators of serial and experimental bits when their processing on the bench. It was found that experimental bits were more efficient than the serial ones. The estimation of the performance laboratory tests results was confirmed by tests on the bench under pilot conditions of the rolling cutter bits drilling, equipped on the bit gage surface by the compound built-up layer.
Significance of educational modeling during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Karpovich E.V.
Published: July 2021

The article shows computer simulation of the mechanical, thermal power systems and electronics and automation systems for the modern educational process organized remotely during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The article describes the computer models made by the author, analyzes and highlights the positive aspects of such simulation for conducting distant learning experiments, visual and detailed presentation of theoretical material and making conditions for obtaining high-quality education even under difficult pandemic conditions.
Overview of engine oil replacement technologies in internal combustion engines of agricultural machinery
Authors: Belov S.A. , Busin I.V.
Published: July 2021

The article reviews four existing technologies for replacing engine oil and a method for determining its suitability for improving economic efficiency. It is established that the oil is replaced according to the need in accordance with the defect indicators. This technology of oil condition is characterized by a more complete use of its resource. The frequency of replacement is determined by the indicators of condition, which is monitored by special sensors built into the engine lubrication system. However, the difficulty of using this technology is due to the lack of high-quality devices for monitoring the state of running engine oil in the engine.
Procedures for forming quality parameters during the machining of parts
Authors: Vozhzhov A. A. , Yarokhina D.V.
Published: July 2021

Procedures for forming quality parameters during the machining of parts
Development of a mathematical model of the multi-pass surface treatment route
Authors: Kravchenko I. I.
Published: July 2021

The article presents a mathematical model of the multi-pass surface treatment route. The method reduces the amount of calculations compared to the directed search method and guarantees a global extremum of the target function. According to the proposed method, an algorithm and a program in Visual Basic have been developed.
Metal-polymer composites with ultra-and nanodisperse particles
Authors: Filonovich A.V. , Filatov E.A. , Gadalov V.N. , Makarova I. A.
Published: July 2021

The results of studies of the structure, mechanical and tribological properties of composite materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and simple (Al2 O3, Cr2 O3, ZrO2) and complex (spinels CoAl2 O3 and MgAl2 O4, and cordierite 2MgO · 2Al2 O3 · 5SiO2) oxide nanopowders, as well as amorphous polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with heat stabilizers and elastomeric additives, are presented.
Some data on the TiC-TiNi system's hard-alloy composite with high performance properties
Authors: Roschupkin V. M. , Gadalov V.N. , Filatov E.A. , Makarova I. A. Makarova I. A.
Published: July 2021

The data are provided on the composite material of the TiC-TiNi system with increased performance properties, which belong to the group of CM based on refractory titanium compounds called "tungsten-free hard alloys". The concept of a structural-energy transition from the perspective of thermodynamics is involved and developed. Based on this concept, the evolution of the structural-energy state of a composite material in the form of a model with two energy levels is considered. In the process of forming a composite mixture with a stable equilibrium structure, new stress-strain structures with an energy level of E1, which are unstable and have higher mechanical properties, arise. During sintering, the deformed structures with the energy level E1 pass into a more stable state with the energy level E2 due to the formation of energy-winning eutectic structures of the TiNi binding phase and the fine-grained dense structure of TiC carbides, which represent a steady metastable structure of the composite. It is established that depending on the volume concentration of the TiNi binding phase, the development of thermodynamic processes for forming the structure of a hard-alloy composite leads to the production of a final structure of the two different types and performance properties. It is shown that the critical concentration can be considered a volume concentration of 40% (vol). The resonant-acoustic method allowed to determine the visco-elastic characteristics (Young, shear, and compression moduli; Poisson's ratio), as well as their dependence on the concentration of the binding phase. The Young's modulus is theoretically calculated. It was found that the use of TiC-TiNi hard-alloy composite allows to increase the efficiency of the cutting tool and technological equipment by one and a half times compared to a tool made of the known tungsten-free alloys KNT-16, TN-(20, 30) and KTS.
The study of the formation of nanocomposite thin-walled fluoroplastic coatings on metal substrates of various nature using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Makarova I. A. , Filonovich A. V. , Gadalov V.N. , Filatov E.A.
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of the research on the formation of nanocomposite fluoroplastic thin-wall coatings on substrates: 45 steel; copper and Al, formed under various conditions using the method of atomic force microscopy. Morphological features of the nanophase thin-layer fluoroplastic coatings with disperse nanoparticles have been studied. A model for the formation of nanophase composite systems is proposed.
History of foundry production. Why does the slash bell sound
Authors: Sidorov V. A. , Osowska E. V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the history of foundry production-casting of bells. This art was passed down from generation to generation, there were successful variants, but there were also defective bells. The authors analyzed in detail the different production of slotted bells. Bells are unique single products. They confirm the high level of skill of the master. The loss of sound properties of slotted bells depends on the ratio of the main dimensions, the size of the slits and their locations. The use of complementary methods for measuring mechanical and visualizing sound vibrations allows us to obtain initial data for the development of a mathematical model of sound vibrations of a bell. A continuation of the material about the art of manufacturing and the secrets of production will be published in the next issue of the magazine.
The study of regularities of changes in acoustic characteristics depending on microstructure parameters and development of acoustic limit state criterion
Authors: Gadalov V. N. , Safonov S. V. , Filatov E. A. , Boldyreva O. N. , Makarova I. A.
Published: July 2021

The studies of the dependence of acoustic characteristics on the microstructure of chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steels in various structural states after long term operation are presented. The meaning of the acoustic limit state criterion, which represents a relative assessment of accumulated structural damage of the long run metal for the time delay of ultrasonic Rayleigh waves and determination of the limit state of the material, is revealed. It is established that at the acoustic criterion of the limit state of ≥0.7, the metal is in the state of avalanche creep and reaches the limit state. Measurements of acoustic characteristics gave a good agreement with the results of metallographic studies conducted on sections of metal cuttings. In addition, the criterion was tested when diagnosing technical devices made of steel 15X1M1F, 12X2MFSR, 17GS, 09G2S.
Performance evaluation of multi-product metalworking production
Authors: Pyankov A.N.
Published: July 2021

An original method for determining the appropriate level of planned technological operations is proposed, taking into account the multi-product nature of production. The novelty of the proposed approach is in identifying new relationships of production resources and indicators of their effective use in the multi-product manifacture of machines. Practical significance consists in the possibility to create software applications based on the results of the work that allow automating the search for efficient production design solutions.
History of foundry production. Why the slotted bell sounds
Authors: Sidorov V. A. , Oshovskaya E. V.
Published: July 2021

The article continues to discuss the history of foundry production — bell casting (the beginning is in No. 9). The art of foundry was passed down from generation to generation. The authors analyzed in detail the variety of bell products, materials, and manufacturing technologies. The complexity of the technological production of slotted bells makes them unique, individual products that confirm the high level of the master»s skill. The loss of sound properties of slotted bells depends on the ratio of the main dimensions, the size of the slots and their locations. The use of complementary methods for measuring mechanical and visualizing sound vibrations allows obtaining initial data for the development of a mathematical model of sound vibrations of a bell.
The effectiveness of laser treatment
Authors: Istomin A. B. , Kozlov V. B.
Published: July 2021

Laser heat treatment and laser alloying are new surface hardening processes. The efficiency of laser surface treatment is due to the high energy flux density, locality of impact, and the possibility of contactless energy transfer to the processing area. As a result of Laser heat treatment and laser alloying, metals and alloys acquire high physical and mechanical properties in local volumes that are unattainable with traditional methods of hardening. Laser heat treatment and laser alloying are most widely used for parts that work under conditions of sliding friction, abrasive and erosive wear. At present, the principal possibility is shown and the technological basis for laser heat treatment and surface alloying of most steels is formulated.