bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PADA VILLA THE LEAF JIMBARAN
Authors: Ni Luh Putu Ayu Anggi Pratiwi  , I Putu Bagus Suthanaya
Published: June 2022

This research aims to analyze the effects of leadership and communication on employees job satisfaction. The population in this study at Villa The Leaf located in Jimbaran. The method of determining sampling uses a saturated sample. In this study the number of samples was 56 employess.And secondary datain the form of library research in the form of journals and book as well as accessing websites and sites related to research. Data analysis techniques used in research use linear reggresion analysis used todetermine theeffect of independent variables on thedependent variable. The results of this study indicate that leadership has a significant positive effect on employees job satisfaction this results indicate that leadership has score of t count is 3,004 more bigger than score t table in the amount of 1,669 with significant value is 0,004 more smaller than 0,05. And communication has asignificant positive effect on employees job satisfaction, this study indicate that communication has score of t count is 2,168 more bigger than t table in the amount of 1,669 with significant value is 0,035 more smaller than 0,05.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN KONSUMEN DALAM MEMILIH PRODUK YAMAHA LEXI DI DEALER ISTANA MOTOR KLUNGKUNG-BALI
Authors: I Kadek Rizki Pramana Putra  , Ni Made Hartini
Published: June 2022

This study aims to analyze the factors that determine consumer decisions in choosing Yamaha Lexi products at the Istana Motor Dealer Klungkung-Bali. Sampling was done by using purposive sampling technique, where the number of samples used in this study was 85 respondents. In this study, statistical analysis was carried out with the help of the computer program SPSS (Statistical for Social Science) 24 for windows. The results of this study indicate that; the marketing factor has the highest eigenvalue, which is 2.819 and is able to explain the total variance of 16.585%. The superiority factor has a fairly high eigenvalue of 2.536% and is able to explain the total variance of 14,917. The supporting factor has an eigenvalue of 1.909 and is able to explain the total variance of 11.232. The Technology factor has an eigenvalue of 1,485 and is able to explain the total variance of 8,734. The supporting factor has an eigenvalue of 1,308 and is able to explain the total variance of 7,695 and the Service Factor has an eigenvalue of 1,141 and is able to explain the total variance of 6,714.
Spectroscopic Studies of some 2-substituted Benzyliden Eamino Thiazoles, Thiadiazole, and Benzothiazole
Authors: Al-Hamidi Jehan Yahya , Alsaygh Abdulhamed Ahmed , Al-Najjar Ibrahim Mahmoud
Published: June 2022

IR،UV1،H- and 13C-NMR chemical shifts are reported for a series of 20 imines Ar(X)CH=R (R’ = thiazole derivatives, thiadiazole and benzothiazole). The stereochemistry of the imines were determined through their NMR spectral data. The imines were found to exist in solution as only a single E-isomer at ambient temperature. Interestingly ،the carbon-13 shifts for azomethine group (imines) (CH=N) carbons which are affected by both (X) and (Y) substituents. UV and IR spectra of some of the title compounds are also reported.
Fatty acid Compositions of two Microalgae Species used in Mariculture in Bahrain: A New Source of Microalgae for Aquaculture
Authors: Freije Afnan Mahmood , Hazeem Layla
Published: June 2022

The microalgal Chlorella sp. and Isochrysis galbana strains that have been used by the National Mariculture Centre in Bahrain to rear aquatic animals since the 1980s were investigated for fatty acid compositions. The results of the strain identification have confirmed the identity of the strain Isochrysis galbana and corrected the identity of the strain Chlorella sp. to Picochlorum sp. The fatty acids profile has shown that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were the major forms of fatty acids in both species. The most abundant PUFAs were C18:4n3, and 18:2n-6 in Picochlorum sp., and C18:4n3, C22:5n3, and C18:3n6 in Isochrysis galbana. Omega 3 fatty acids (38.56±1.76%) were higher in Isochrysis galbana in comparison with Picochlorum sp. (16.89±3.63%); whereas omega 6 fatty acids were higher in Picochlorum sp. (36.53±1.91%) than in Isochrysis galbana (22.30±0.86%).The sum of EPA and DHA was 8.26±0.50% and 6.56±0.47% in Isochrysis galbana and Picochlorum sp. respectively. The n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio was 0.58 for Isochrysis galbana and 2.16 for Picochlorum sp. Our results suggest that both strains can be considered as a good food source for commercial production in aquaculture and that the mixing of both species will provide a balanced nutrition for animal growth in aquaculture.
Quality Determination for Drinking Water by Using Image Quality Assessment
Authors: Al-Obaidi Fatin E. M.
Published: June 2022

Without human involvement, the need for an automatic algorithms for quality assessment takes place especially for the case of distinguishing the quality of drinking water when the latter has the same color. Image quality assessment is closely related to image similarity assessment in which quality is based on the differences between a degraded image and the unmodified image. Based on a design of a full reference image quality measure with the help of an assumption that one of the captured images can be modeled to be the original one. The similarity measure can serve then as a quantitative measurement of the quality of the second image. A comparison between images has been tested and then analyzed by using laboratory investigations first and then by image quality metrics. Images have been captured by adopting a designing system prepared for this purpose. Results show that difference in water turbidity, heating process, and magnetization affect strongly upon images band histogram during the comparison that has been made here between drinking water samples. Among the various metrics that have been used here, the results show that Normalized Cross-Correlation (NK) and Structural Content (SC) are the best used measures in the presented assumption.
Over het belang van een kritische omgeving
Authors: Abma Ruud
Published: June 2022

Deze bijdrage is onderdeel van het discussiedossier 'Omgang met de Tweede Wereldoorlog: integriteit en nivellering'.
 
In 2019 onderzocht de Commissie Wetenschappelijke Integriteit van de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen of Ad van Liempt in zijn proefschrift plagiaat had gepleegd. Zij oordeelde dat dit niet het geval was maar signaleerde wel dat er sprake was van slordigheden en omissies in de bronvermeldingen. Dit roept de vraag op waar de grenzen liggen tussen schending van de wetenschappelijke integriteit en gebrek aan zorgvuldigheid. In deze bijdrage wijs ik op het belang van een kritische omgeving bij het doen van wetenschappelijk onderzoek, en op de risico’s die de drang tot ‘scoren’ met zich meebrengen voor het bevorderen van kwaliteit en integriteit in de wetenschap.
In 2019, the Academic Integrity Committee of the University of Groningen investigated whether Ad van Liempt had committed plagiarism in his dissertation. It ruled that this was not the case, but the committee did identify sloppiness and omissions in Van Liempt’s source citations. This raises the question of where the boundaries lie between the violation of scientific integrity and the lack of due diligence. In this contribution, I point out the importance of a critical environment when conducting scientific research, and the risks that the urge to ‘score’ entails for the fostering of quality and integrity in science.
A FUNÇÃO DA DUPLA GESTORA: (GESTÃO E COORDENAÇÃO) - UM OLHAR DO (PEDAGOGO GESTOR) FACE AO (TRABALHO COLETIVO) DO (PEDAGOGO COORDENADOR)
Authors: dos Santos Barros Manhaes Denise , de Souza Dantas Hildeci
Published: June 2022

O artigo em pauta tem como seu principal objeto de estudo discutir a função da dupla gestora pelo olhar do (pedagogo gestor) face ao trabalho coletivo do (pedagogo coordenador). A pesquisa contou com uma análise do tipo bibliográfica pelo viés da abordagem qualitativa no sentido de respaldar a necessidade de um olhar mais (desafiador e inovador) ante a (dupla gestora) em relação ao (agir-formação) e o (fazer-atuação). Isto é, enquanto (formação e atuação). E como tal, uma vez que sendo (pedagogo) poderá atuar em (uma) e/ou (outra) função, a saber: pedagogo gestor (direção escolar ou gestor escolar) e pedagogo coordenador (coordenação escolar ou gestor coordenador). A pergunta principal que direcionou o norte da pesquisa se deu pelo simples fato de existir a função: gestão e coordenação (ante) ao primor do (agir) e do (fazer) da profissão. Sobretudo, profissão esta que geriu outros saberes advindo da ciência da educação como um todo, a citar: a (pedagogia) e suas (vertentes) do (saber fazer), (saber como fazer) e (saber ser) ante as (competências-chave) dessa (dupla gestora) na condição de: (antes) formação e (depois) atuação. Por outro lado, a questão norteadora se deu a partir do entendimento da seguinte pergunta-chave: Por que essa dupla gestora (gestão e coordenação) pode atuar em conjunto sem desmerecer ou denegrir a imagem uma da outra? Bem como a pergunta-chave: Qual seria o papel real da dupla gestora no contexto ensino-aprendizagem? O enfoque neste trabalho se traduz à luz das competências-chave da gestão – (foco de trabalho) – dessa dupla jornada em formação e atuação. Sobretudo, os autores que foram de extrema importância nessa discussão estão entre: (ALARCÃO, 2008); (ALMEIDA % ARAÚJO, 2015); (BEBER, 2013); (MACEDO, 1995); (MELLO, 2014), (PEREZ, 2018); (SAMPAIO, 2004); (TRIVIÑOS, 1987). Assim sendo, o artigo tomou novos rumos a partir do entendimento de que essa dupla gestora (existe) no rol das escolas atuais e (pode) continuar a (existir) fazendo o seu (duplo trabalho-coletivo) no sentido de (avançar) para melhores resultados pelo vértice do processo de ensinagem – (ensino-aprendizagem) como um todo.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA FEIS UIN SUSKA RIAU TERHADAP INVESTASI BODONG
Authors: RUSTAM MARTHA HASANAH
Published: June 2022

The rise of the Bodong Investment case caused many victims among the public and violated the applicable laws and regulations and the rules of the Financial Services Authority. Therefore, the authors make the object of this research, namely students because they are part of the academic community and are part of the community, to see how students' perceptions of the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences (FEIS) UIN Suska Riau towards Bodong Investments. This research was conducted qualitatively by distributing questionnaires in the form of google forms addressed to FEIS students by random sampling. From the results of the study, it was found that the perception and knowledge of FEIS UIN Suska Riau students towards Bodong Investments was still minimal, it was evidenced from the results of the questionnaire that 49.7% of students accepted if they received a Stock Investment Offer that Promises Unreasonable Profits. Therefore, it is necessary to provide education and socialization to students, namely the role of the Indonesia Stock Exchange Investment Gallery located at the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences UIN Suska Riau to provide public education related to investment and it is necessary to include a deeper understanding of investment material presented in the material. lectures at FEIS UIN Suska Riau.
ABSTRAKMarak terjadinya kasus Investasi Bodong banyak menimbulkan korban dikalangan masyarakat serta menyalahi Peraturan Perundang-Undangan yang berlaku beserta Aturan dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Oleh karena itu penulis menjadikan objek dalam penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa karena merupakan bagian dari civitas akademika dan merupakan bagian dari masyarakat, untuk melihat bagaimana Persepsi Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Ilmu Sosial (FEIS) UIN Suska Riau terhadap Investasi Bodong. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menyebarkan kuisioner berupa google form yang ditujukan kepada mahasiswa FEIS yang dilakukan secara random sampling. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa persepsi dan pengetahuan pada Mahasiswa FEIS UIN Suska Riau terhadap Investasi Bodong adalah masih minim hal itu dibuktikan dari hasil kuisioner bahwa 49.7% mahasiswa menerima jika mendapat Penawaran Investasi Saham yang Menjanjikan Keuntungan yang Tidak Wajar. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan edukasi dan sosialisasi kepada mahasiswa yaitu dengan Peran dari Galeri Investasi Bursa Efek Indonesia yang berada di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Ilmu Sosial UIN Suska Riau untuk memberikan edukasi publik terkait investasi serta perlu dimasukkannya pemahaman materi tentang investasi yang lebih mendalam yang disajikan dalam materi perkuliahan di FEIS UIN Suska Riau.
PERAN SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA NEGERI MALINAU DALAM MENANGANI PESERTA DIDIK TUNAGRAHITA DI KABUPATEN MALINAU
Authors: SUKACA SUKACA
Published: June 2022

This research was conducted at the Malinau State Special School in Malinau Regency. This study aims to determine the role of the Malinau State Special School in dealing with mentally retarded students and to determine the school's collaboration with parents in dealing with mentally retarded students. Sampling in this study is by purposive technique. The number of samples is 10 people and the key informant is 1 person. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with qualitative data analysis. The data filtering instruments used were observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The results of the study can be concluded: the role of the Malinau State Special School in dealing with mentally retarded students is in providing basic lessons and recognizing and honing the skills abilities of students. Cooperation between the school and parents in dealing with mentally retarded students is in the form of exchanging ideas and information about the development of students. There are 4 obstacles experienced by mentally retarded students, namely difficulties in learning problems, adjustment problems, speech and language disorders, and personality problems. The solution in overcoming the obstacles of mentally retarded students can be in the form of providing appropriate learning services and creating the right learning environment.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri Malinau yang ada di Kabupaten Malinau. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peran Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri Malinau dalam menangani peserta didik tunagrahita dan untuk mengetahui kerjasama sekolah dengan orang tua dalam menangani peserta didik tunagrahita. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan teknik Purposive. Jumlah sampel yaitu 10 orang dan key informan yaitu 1 orang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Deskriptif Kualitatif dengan analisa data Kualitatif. Instrumen penyaringan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: peran Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri Malinau dalam menangani peserta didik tunagrahita berupa memberikan pelajaran yang mendasar dan mengenali serta mengasah kemampuan keterampilan yang dimiliki peserta didik. Kerjasama antara pihak sekolah dengan orang tua dalam menangani peserta didik tunagrahita yaitu dalam bentuk bertukar pikiran dan informasi mengenai perkembangan peserta didik. Hambatan yang di alami peserta didik tunagrahita ada 4, yaitu kesulitan dalam masalah belajar, masalah penyesuaian diri, gangguan bicara dan bahasa, serta masalah kepribadian. Solusi dalam mengatasi hambatan peserta didik tunagrahita dapat berupa memberikan layanan pembelajaran yang sesuai serta menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang tepat.
TERPAAN MEDIA INTERNET DAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL ORANG TUA TERHADAP KARAKTER REMAJA SMK DI KOTA BEKASI
Authors: TURYANI TURYANI , YUSRIAH KIAYATI
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of internet media exposure and parental interpersonal communication on the character of adolescents in SMK Negeri Bekasi City. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The subjects in this study were students who were said to be teenagers between the ages of 14-18 years, and these students were students of a State Vocational High School (SMKN) located in the Bekasi City Region. In this study, respondents were not subjected to any treatment, but were only given a questionnaire to obtain scores/values ??for internet media exposure, parental interpersonal communication and adolescent character. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire distributed via google form. From the google form data obtained, it is processed and analyzed. The measurement scale in this study uses a Likert scale teenager.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terpaan media internet dan komunikasi interpersonal orangtua terhadap karakter remaja di SMK Negeri Kota Bekasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survai. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa yang sudah dikatakan remaja berusia antara 14-18 tahun, dan siswa tersebut adalah siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri (SMKN) yang berada di Wilayah Kota Bekasi. Pada penelitian ini tidak dikenakan perlakuan apapun terhadap responden, akan tetapi hanya diberikan kuisioner untuk memperoleh skor/ nilai terpaan media internet, komunikasi interpersonal orangtua dan karakter remaja. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner yang dibagikan melalui google form. Dari data hasil google form yang diperoleh kemudian diolah dan dianalisis.Skala pengukuran dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala Likert.Berdasarka hasil penelitian rekomendasi ditujukan kepada guru Bimbingan dan Konseling untuk dapat mendesain layanan konseling yang berkaitan dengan pengaruh terpaan media internet dan komunikasi interpersonal orang tua terhadap karakter remaja.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DARING YOUTUBE DAN QUIZIZ DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS MATERI PERUBAHAN SOSIAL
Authors: MEIDRIANI MEDIA
Published: June 2022

Covid19 pandemic has changed many things in the society. One of the effected sector is the change of education system from offline system to online system. This effecting the learning process of Social Subjects in 215 Junior High School. Thus, changing taching media needs to be done to support the online teaching system. The aims of this article is to créate an effective and fun online teaching ecosystem with the use of online teaching media. The observation methode used zoom and online teaching media to deliver the teaching lessons. The results show (1) that the used of onloine media can créate an effective online teaching,(2) the fun online teaching lessons created, (3) and helps to improve the students understanding towards the subjects evaluated with the pre-test and post-test methode. To conclude everything, that means the use of online teahing media can be used more often in online teaching system to créate and effective and fun online teaching environement.
ABSTRAKPandemi Covid-19 mengakibatkan beberapa perubahan perilaku dan sistem pada masyarakat. Salah satu perubahan yang terjadi adalah perubahan sistem dari pembelajaran tatap muka menjadi pembelajaran jarak jauh atau daring. Hal ini berdampak pada proses pembelajaran IPS di SMPN 215 Jakarta. Sehingga perlu dilakukan perubahan penggunaan media ajar yang mendukung proses pembelajaran jarak jauh/ daring. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menciptakan proses pembelajaran jarak jauh yang menyenangkan dan efektif dengan penggunaan media belajar online. Proses pengamatan diimplementasikan menggunakan media zoom dan media belajar daring dalam penyampaiannya. Hasil pelaksanaan ditunjukan sebagai berikut: (1)Terciptanya proses pembelajaran jarak jauh yang efektif (2)Terciptanya proses pembelajaran jarak jauh yang menyenangkan (3) Serta dapat membantu meningkatkan pemahaman siswa dilihat dari meningkatnya rata-rata nilai post-test jika dibandingkan dengan pre-test. Dengan hasil di atas, maka penulis mengharapkan bahwa penggunaan media ajar daring dapat diimplementasikan lebih sehingga dapat menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang diinginkan saat diimpelentasikannya pembelajaran jarak jauh.
PENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI MIPA MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL FLIPPED CLASSROOM PADA PEMBELAJARAN SISTEM SHIFT (BDR-BTM) DI MASA NEW NORMAL
Authors: ASTUTI IVA YUNI
Published: June 2022

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Chemistry subjects on the subject of Ionic Equilibrium in Salt Solutions by using a Flipped Classroom. The subjects of this study were students of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 5 Malinau. From the results of the research and discussion, it was found that the application of the Flipped Classroom model to the shift system learning (BDR-BTM) can improve the learning outcomes of class XI MIPA students at SMA Negeri 5 Malinau in the 2020/2021 academic year regarding Ion Equilibrium in Salt Solutions in the New Normal period. In this case, the expected value of student learning outcomes in accordance with the KKM also increased significantly. This can be seen from the students' scores in the pre-cycle with scores below the average. Then, a class action research was conducted. The final test results in the first cycle were 44.51% of students who were above the average and increased in the second cycle with a score of 85.16% of students who were declared successful in learning. So from the results of this study can provide a significant change in value.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Kimia pada pokok bahasan Kesetimbangan Ion dalam Larutan Garam dengan menggunakan Flipped Classroom. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri 5 Malinau. Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan didapatlah bahwa penerapan model Flipped Classroom pada pembelajaran sistem shift (BDR-BTM) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri 5 Malinau Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021 materi Kesetimbangan Ion dalam Larutan Garam di masa New Normal. Dalam hal ini nilai hasil belajar siswa yang diharapkan sesuai dengan KKM pun meningkat secara signifikan. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari nilai siswa pada pra siklus dengan nilai dibawah rata-rata. Lalu dilakukan penelitian tindakan kelas didapatkan hasil tes akhir pada siklus I sebesar 44,51% siswa yang diatas rata-rata dan meningkat pada siklus II dengan nilai 85,16% siswa yang dinyatakan berhasil dalam pembelajaran. Sehingga dari hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan perubahan nilai yang signifikan.
O RECONHECIMENTO DA FAMÍLIA POLIAFETIVA NO BRASIL
Authors: Maia Leonardo Souza , Sales Ana Flávia
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo visa questionar a falta de reconhecimento da família Poliafetiva no Brasil, uma vez que não há qualquer regularização acerca da temática, e o número de demandas cresce cada vez mais, necessitando de normatização pelo ordenamento jurídico. Intenta questionar a monogamia instituída como forma única e correta de relacionamento, em face da autonomia existencial do indivíduo, e dos princípios primordiais do Direito de Família.
Seasonal modeling analysis of nitrate formation pathways in Yangtze River Delta region, China
Authors: Sun Jinjin , Qin Momei , Xie Xiaodong , Fu Wenxing , Qin Yang , Sheng Li , Li Lin , Li Jingyi , Sulaymon Ishaq Dimeji , Jiang Lei , Huang Lin , Yu Xingna , Hu Jianlin
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Nitrate (NO3-) has been the dominant and the least reduced chemical component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) since the stringent emission control implemented in China in 2013. The formation pathways of NO3- vary seasonally and differ substantially in daytime vs. nighttime. They are affected by precursor emissions, atmospheric oxidation capacity, and meteorological conditions. Understanding NO3- formation pathways provides insights for the design of effective emission control strategies to mitigate NO3- pollution. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was applied to investigate the impact of regional transport, predominant physical processes, and different formation pathways to NO3- and total nitrate (TNO3, i.e., HNO3+NO3-) production in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region during the four seasons of 2017. NO3-/PM2.5 and NO3-/TNO3 are the highest in the winter, reaching 21 % and 94 %, respectively. Adjusted gas ratio (adjGR = ([NH3] + [NO3-])/([HNO3] + [NO3-])) in YRD is generally greater than two in different seasons across most areas in YRD, indicating that YRD is mostly in the NH3-rich regime and NO3- is limited by HNO3 formation. Local emissions and regional transportation contribute to YRD NO3- concentrations by 50–62 % and 38–50 %, respectively. Majority of the regional transport of NO3- concentrations is contributed by indirect transport (i.e., NO3- formed by transported precursors reacting with local precursors). Aerosol (AERO, including condensation, coagulation, new particle formation and aerosol growth) processes are the dominant source of NO3- formation. In summer, NO3- formation is dominated by AERO and total transport (TRAN, sum of horizontal and vertical transport) processes. The OH+NO2 pathway contributes to 60–83 % of the TNO3 production, and the N2O5 heterogeneous (HET N2O5) pathway contributes to 10–36 % in YRD. HET N2O5 contribution becomes more important in cold seasons than warm seasons. Within the planetary boundary layer in Shanghai, the TNO3 production is dominated by the OH+NO2 pathway during the day (98 %) in the summer and spring, and by the HET N2O5 pathway during the night (61 %) in the winter. Local contribution dominates the OH+NO2 pathway for TNO3 production during the day, while indirect transport dominates the HET N2O5 pathway at night.
Realtime measurement of phase partitioning of organic compounds using a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer coupled to a CHARON inlet
Authors: Peng Yarong , Wang Hongli , Gao Yaqin , Jing Shengao , Zhu Shuhui , Huang Dandan , Hao Peizhi , Lou Shengrong , Cheng Tiantao , Huang Cheng , Zhang Xuan
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Understanding the gas-particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) is of crucial importance in the accurate representation of the global budget of atmospheric organic aerosols. In this study, we quantified the gas- vs. particle-phase fractions of a large number of SVOCs in real time in an urban area of East China with the use of a CHemical Analysis of aeRosols ONline (CHARON) inlet coupled to a high resolution Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS). We demonstrated the use of the CHARON inlet for highly efficient collection of particulate SVOCs while maintaining the intact molecular structures of these compounds. The collected month-long dataset with hourly resolution allows us to examine the gas-particle partitioning behaviors of a variety of SVOCs under different ambient conditions. By comparing the measurements with model predictions using the instantaneous equilibrium partitioning theory, we found that the dissociation of large parent molecules during the PTR ionization process likely introduces large uncertainties to the measured gas- vs. particle-phase fractions of less oxidized SVOCs, and therefore, caution should be taken when linking the molecular composition to the particle volatility when interpreting the PTR-ToF-MS data. Our analysis suggests that understanding the fragmentation mechanism of oxidized SVOCs and accounting for the neutral losses of small moieties during the molecular feature extraction from the raw mass spectra could reduce, to a large extent, the uncertainties associated with the gas-particle partitioning measurement of SVOCs in the ambient atmosphere.
How biogenic polymers control surfactant dynamics in the surface microlayer: Insights from a coastal Baltic Sea study
Authors: Barthelmeß Theresa , Engel Anja
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Surfactants can hamper gas exchange by up to 50 % in coastal seas, however, their small-scale temporal and spatial dynamics are poorly constrained. This study investigated possible biogenic sources of surfactants in the sea surface microlayer (SML) and the underlying water at a coastal Baltic Sea site. To relate surfactant dynamics to biogenic production, we conducted two field studies (June and September 2018) and focused on amino acids and carbohydrates as the main components of organic matter derived from phytoplankton. The composition of the biochemicals provided furthermore insights into microbial degradation dynamics and was complemented by flow-cytometry-based community analysis. In total, 76 samples were collected within an area of approx. 50 km2 allowing for high spatial resolution. Moreover, morning and afternoon sampling enabled us to also investigate diel cycles. Our results reveal that surfactant concentrations were tightly coupled to the abundance of nano-phytoplankton and generally higher in September than in June, when cell abundance was three-times higher. Surfactant concentration in June was best explained by the combined effect of the particulate fraction of the non-essential amino acid serine, the concentration of particulate combined carbohydrates (PCHO), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Surfactant and PCHO concentrations were significantly enriched in the SML and followed a pronounced diel cycle, possibly linked to microbial- and/or photo-processing. In contrast to June, the surfactant pool in September correlated to a diverse mixture of semi-labile organic matter components, represented best by dissolved glucose and the essential amino acid isoleucine. We conclude that the surfactant pool in surface seawater is mainly composed of organic matter components that resist rapid microbial degradation. Elevated surfactant concentrations are triggered by the release of fresh organic matter. While the effect of the resistant but less surface-active stock is potentially longer-lasting, the additive effect of labile, highly surface-active agents on gas exchange may diminish on short timescales.
Production and accumulation of reef framework by calcifying corals and macroalgae on a remote Indian Ocean Cay
Authors: McLaughlin M. James , Bessey Cindy , Kendrick Gary A. , Keesing John , Olsen Ylva S.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Coral reefs face increasing pressures in response to unprecedented rates of environmental change at present. The coral reef physical framework is formed through the production of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and maintained by marine organisms, primarily hermatypic corals, crustose coralline algae (CCA), and other calcifying algae. The Kimberley bioregion, located in the northern part of Western Australia, has largely escaped land-based anthropogenic impacts and this study provides important metabolic data we are lacking on reef-building calcifying corals and macrophytes from an undisturbed set of marine habitats. Specimens of the dominant coral and algal taxa were collected from the reef platform of Browse Island located on the mid-shelf just inside the 200 m isobath off the Kimberley coast. During experimental light/dark incubations, all algae were net autotrophic producing 6–111 mmol O2 m−2 day−1. In contrast, most corals were net consumers of O2 with average net fluxes ranging from −42 to 47 mmol O2 m−2 day−1. The net change in pH was generally negative for corals and calcifying algae (−0.01 to −0.08 h−1). Corals, Halimeda (a calcifying green algae) and Galaxaura (a calcifying red algae) had positive calcification rates in light ranging from 4.2 to 18.4 g CaCO3 m−2 d−1. Resulting net calcification rates were all positive and ranged from 1.9 to 9.9 g CaCO3 m−2 d−1 and were strongly correlated to net O2 production. In intertidal habitats around Browse Island, estimated relative contributions of coral and Halimeda to the reef production of CaCO3 were similar at around 600–840 g m−2 year−1. The low reef platform had very low coral cover of < 3 % which made a smaller contribution to calcification of ~240 g CaCO3 m−2 year−1. Calcification on the subtidal reef slope was predominantly from corals, producing ~1540 g CaCO3 m−2 year−1, twice that of Halimeda. The relative contributions of the main reef builders, in these undisturbed areas, to net community metabolism and CaCO3 production and reef metabolism is important to understand exclusively climate-driven coral bleaching and mortality.
FABM-NflexPD 2.0: Testing an Instantaneous Acclimation Approach for Modelling the Implications of Phytoplankton Eco-physiology for the Carbon and Nutrient cycles
Authors: Kerimoglu Onur , Pahlow Markus , Anugerahanti Prima , Smith Sherwood Lan
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The acclimative response of phytoplankton, which adjusts their nutrient and pigment content in response to changes in ambient light, nutrient levels, and temperature, is an important determinant of observed chlorophyll distributions and biogeochemistry. Acclimative models typically capture this response and its impact on the C : nutrient : Chl ratios of phytoplankton by explicitly resolving the dynamics of these constituents of phytoplankton biomass. The Instantaneous Acclimation (IA) approach only requires resolving the dynamics of a single tracer and calculates the elemental composition assuming instantaneous local equilibrium. IA can capture the acclimative response without substantial loss of accuracy in both 0D box models and spatially explicit 1D models. A major draw-back of IA so far has been its inability to maintain mass balance for the elements with unresolved dynamics. Here we extend the IA model to capture both C and N cycles in a 0D setup, which requires analytical derivation of additional flux terms to account for the temporal changes in cellular N quota, Q. We present extensive tests of this model, with regard to the conservation of total C an N, and its behavior in comparison to an otherwise equivalent, fully explicit Dynamic Acclimation (DA) variant, under idealized conditions with variable light and temperature. We also demonstrate a modular implementation of this model in the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Modelling (FABM), which facilitates modelling competition between an arbitrary number of different acclimative phytoplankton types. In a 0D setup, we did not find evidence for computational advantages of the IA approch over the DA variant. In a spatially explicit setup, performance gains may be possible, but would require modifying the physical-flux calculations to account for spatial differences in Q between model grid cells.
A two-scale model for the meso- and synoptic scales
Authors: Hirt Mirjam , Craig George
Published: June 2022

For both the meso- and synoptic scale, reduced models exist that give insight into atmospheric dynamics. For the mesoscale, the weak temperature gradient approximation is one of several approaches, while for the synoptic scale,  the quasi-geostrophic theory is well established. However, how these two scales interact with each other, is usually not included in such reduced models, thereby limiting our current perception of flow dependent predictability and upscale error growth.

Here, we explicitly address the scale interactions by developing a two-scale asymptotic model for the meso- and synoptic scales with two, coupled sets of equations for the meso- and synoptic scale, respectively. The mesoscale equations follow a weak temperature gradient balance and the synoptic scale equations align with quasi-geostrophic theory. Importantly, the equation sets are coupled via scale interaction terms: eddy correlations of mesoscale variables impact the synoptic potential vorticity tendency and synoptic variables force the mesoscale vorticity (for instance due to tilting of synoptic scale wind shear). Furthermore, we impose different diabatic heating rates as proxies for the effect of latent heating on the different scales and distinguish between a weak, heating regime with O (4K/3.5h)  mesoscale heating rates and a strong heating regime with O (40K/3.5h) mesoscale heating rates. With weak heating, the upscale impact of the mesoscale on the synoptic scale is only of dynamical nature. With strong heating, the upscale impact also includes thermodynamical effects.
The scale interactions and the imposed diabatic heating can provide new insight into atmospheric dynamics, flow dependent error growth characteristics and predictability.
Application of seasonal weather forecasts and climate change scenarios on selected pest and disease algorithms in Austria
Authors: Thaler Sabina , Eitzinger Josef , Kubu Gerhard , Manschadi Ahmad , Palka Marlene , Schneider Stefan
Published: June 2022

The Agricultural Risk Information System (ARIS) is a GIS-based model calculating 24 agrometeorological indicators in a high spatial resolution based on 1km gridded weather input over Austrian agricultural areas. These include general or crop specific agroclimatic suitability and risk indicators as well as pest and disease risk indicators based on specific algorithms. Our study, within the framework of the project AGROFORECAST, focuses on the application potential and performance of three insect pest and one disease algorithm (European grapevine moth, grapevine cicada, plum moth and grapevine downy mildew) where the first occurrence of relevant development stages (i.e. adults, nymphs) are calculated for the pests and the start of infection and incubation period of grapevine downy mildew throughout the whole year. To enhance the resilience and sustainability of Austrian agricultural systems under changing climate, the application potential for short-term to seasonal forecasts as well as climate change scenarios were tested for these pest indicators. Tailored information methods of the forecasts and predictions for decision support (e.g. for pest management) and precision agriculture methods were tested.

For the evaluation, different statistical analyses were carried out at selected locations in Austria, using

(a) short-range and seasonal forecast: the current ECMWF long-range ensemble forecast system 5 (SEAS5, in operation since November 2017) with forecasts up to 7 months was used as meteorological input for the ARIS model in combination with ECMWF medium-range forecasts (10-d) and INCA analysis data. Spatial downscaling methods were applied to the forecasts during the harvest season and included downscaled 10-day ECMWF data as well as downscaled 7-month seasonal forecasts of precipitation, global radiation, minimum and maximum temperature on a daily basis with a resolution of 1x1 km. The study period ranged from 2018 to the present;

(b) the Austrian climate change projections ÖKS15 for the long-term assessments, comparing the two time periods present (1981-2010) and near future (2036-2065).

The sensitivity, uncertainties and performance of different prediction ranges for the studied indicators are demonstrated in our study. The results are analyzed in collaboration with stakeholders in regard to performance and potential adaptation needs for crop protection service and pest management applications. In order to determine the long-term changes and possible impacts, these indicators were applied to the Austrian agricultural regions using the different Austrian ÖKS15 climate projections and the two emission scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the near future.
Weatherproofing for a smarter, resilient and more sustainable agri-sector
Authors: Raymond Joanna , Dorling Stephen , Mackay Ian , Lovett Andrew , Penfield Steve , Philpott Haidee
Published: June 2022

Over the last 1-2 decades, the UK has been one of many countries observing plateaus in key crop yields, despite farming practice innovations such as the adoption of precision agriculture and advanced plant breeding programmes. The food production sector also continues to suffer strong yield impacts arising from inter-annual weather variability. This is in the context of a rapidly growing global population and a changing climate, which combined threaten future food security worldwide. With ever increasing competition for land use, identification and further development of climate-resilient crop varieties is a key priority.

In this research, we present examples of the development of ‘best in class’ historical time-series records of key agro-meteorological variables and metrics by inter-comparing and combining different types of in-situ and remotely sensed observational and re-analysis products. We demonstrate the added value of applying these climate datasets to the modelling of UK crop yield and the interpretation of inter-annual crop production data using statistical models. Specifically, we combine this high-resolution climate data with Recommended List variety trials data in linear mixed models to isolate the genetic, environmental and genotype-by-environment drivers of winter wheat yield variability in the UK. Through this we demonstrate that the rate of genetic gain in winter wheat is slowing in the UK.

Through our analysis of historical time-series climate data we generate the first “State of the UK Agroclimate”. This climate service will provide breeders, farmers and the wider agricultural sector with long-term UK-wide and regional agro-climatological averages, trends and extreme weather metrics of relevance to crops widely grown in the UK, including winter wheat.

Our agro-climate analysis and results from our statistical models can be combined with projections of future climate, to identify current varieties that may perform well in the face of UK climate change and provide breeders with guidance of traits to breed into future varieties for enhanced resilience.
Interannual vs Decadal Impacts of Pacific Variability
Authors: Seabrook Melissa , Smith Doug , Dunstone Nick , Eade Rosie , Hermanson Leon , Scaife Adam
Published: June 2022

Pacific Decadal Variability (PDV) is characterised by a pattern similar to the interannual El Niño Sothern Oscillation (ENSO), with anomalously warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical Pacific surrounded by a horseshoe of cool SSTs. PDV is one of the most influential decadal climate modes, contributing to the ‘slowdown’ of global temperature rise at the beginning of the 21st century and affecting precipitation extremes worldwide. However, differences between climate impacts of PDV and ENSO are more uncertain.

Here, the interannual and decadal impacts of PDV are investigated using ERA5 re-analyses and forced Pacific experiments from the CMIP6 Decadal Climate Prediction Project (DCPP) which impose the PDV SST pattern in the coupled Met Office climate model (HadGEM3.1). Both model and observations show a decreased Pacific Walker circulation and an increased Hadley response which combine to generate large scale Rossby waves, impacting global atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns.

Impacts on the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are opposite on the two timescales in both the model and observations. On interannual timescales a positive PDV produces a weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex and a negative NAO, whereas on decadal timescales a strengthening of the polar vortex and positive NAO is seen. This appears to be related to the balance between an increased meridional temperature gradient which tends to shift the jet poleward on decadal timescales, and increased  upward propagation of planetary waves which reduces the polar vortex and shifts the jet equatorward on interannual timescales. Reasons for these differences will be explored further.
Postprocessing of precipitation forecasts over India with Quantile Mapping and Ensemble Model Output Statistics
Authors: Widmann Martin , Angus Michael , Orr Andrew , Leckebusch Gregor
Published: June 2022

Accurate predictions of heavy precipitation in India are vital for impact-orientated forecasting, and an essential requirement for mitigating the impact of damaging flood events. Operational forecasts from non-convection-permitting models can have large biases in the intensities of heavy precipitation, and while convection-permitting models can perform better, their operational use over large areas is not yet feasible. Statistical postprocessing can reduce these biases for relatively little computational cost, but few studies have focused on postprocessing forecasts of monsoonal rainfall.

As part of the UK Weather and Climate Science for Service Partnership India (WCSSP India), the HEavy Precipitation Forecast Postprocessing over India (HEPPI) project has evaluated and compared two popular postprocessing methods: Univariate Quantile Mapping (UQM) and Ensemble Model Output Statistics (EMOS). The project focuses on the suitability of the methods for postprocessing heavy rainfall in India. Both methods are applied to daily precipitation in the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMWF) 12km forecast for the 2018 and 2019 monsoon seasons. The evaluation is based on day 1 forecasts and fitting the methods individually for each location.

UQM leads by construction to precipitation distributions close to the observed ones, while EMOS optimises the spread of the postprocessed ensemble without guaranteeing realistic rainfall distributions, and it is not a priori clear which method is better suited for practical applications. The methods are therefore compared with respect to several aspects: local distributions, representation of temporal variability using the Continuous Ranked Probability Score, ensemble spread using Rank Histograms, and exceedance of heavy precipitation thresholds using Brier Scores, Reliability Diagrams, and Receiver Operating Characteristics curves.

EMOS performs not only best, as expected, with respect to correcting under- or overdispersive ensembles, but also with respect to scores for temporal variability, both for the whole range of rainfall values and specifically for heavy rainfall. UQM performs best, as expected, with respect to the local precipitation distributions. The ROC results are inconclusive and location dependent, although both postprocessing methods consistently outperform the raw forecast. These findings are independent of the choice of gridded precipitation data sets used for model fitting and validation.

We recommend EMOS for operational application, as from a user perspective a good performance in forecasting values at a given time, in particular heavy precipitation events, can be expected to be more important than achieving a close match between the forecasted and observed local precipitation distributions.
Case study of Medicane Ianos: Investigation into its triggering mechanism
Authors: Neduncheran Adhithiyan , Ricchi Antonio , Ferretti Rossella
Published: June 2022

The aim of this work  is to study the triggering mechanism and the other  factors involved in the development of the Medicane ‘Ianos’ over the Ionian Sea, occurred during 15-20 September 2020. Ianos was one of the most intense Tropical-Like cyclones(TLC) observed on the Mediterranean.  It was characterized by a minimum pressure of 984 hPa and generated winds of over 120 km/h and up to 5 meters of significant waves height.  It also caused massive flooding along the Greek coast and rain accumulations of more than 500 mm in inland areas. The triggering and the physical process for intensifying  the cyclone has been studied using satellite and the convection permitting numerical simulation at 1 km resolution. Factors such as dry air intrusion due to the stratosphere-troposphere exchange partially helped in the formation and stabilization of the eye of the cyclone.  Moreover, convection was initially triggered by the cold north-easterly advection that de-stabilized the atmosphere in Gulf of Sidra, helping in the deep convection and rainfall in the region during 15 September. Further, the formation of the low pressure system in Libya that later interacted with this convective system along with the dry air intrusion led to the formation of the cyclone. The latent heat release mostly sustains and intensified the storm processes. This can also be deduced (in conjunction with the marine phenomena of mixing, waves, etc.) from the decrease in Sea Surface Temperature along the TLC track. Understanding the mechanism of the storm initiation process is an important task for improving the forecast in the future in order to improve forecasts but also to limit the impacts of these extreme phenomena, in a complex context of climate change.