bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flower opening dynamics, pollen-ovule ratio, stigma receptivity and stigmatic pollen germination (in-vivo) in Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai
Authors: Wan Xianqin , Sun Dongchan , Gao Chao
Published: March 2024

Although Chaenomeles is widely used in horticulture, traditional Chinese medicine and landscape greening, insufficient research has hindered its breeding and seed selection. This study investigated the floral phenology, floral organ characteristics, palynology, and breeding systems of Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai. The floral characteristics of C. speciosa were observed both visually and stereoscopically. The microstructures of the flower organs were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Pollen stainability was determined using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Stigma receptivity was determined using the benzidine-H2O2 method and the post-artificial pollination pollen germination method. The breeding system was assessed based on the outcrossing index and pollen–ovule ratio. The flowers of C. speciosa were bisexual with a flowering period from March to April. The flowering periods of single flowers ranged from 8 to 19 d, and those of single plants lasted 18–20 d. The anthers were cylindrical, with the base attached to the filament, and were split longitudinally to release pollen. The flower had five styles, with a connate base. The ovaries had five carpels and five compartments. The inverted ovules were arranged in two rows on the placental axis. The stigma of C. speciosa was dry and had many papillary protrusions. In the early flowering stage (1–2 d of flowering), the pollen exhibited high stainability (up to 84.24%), but all stainability was lost at 7 d of flowering. Storage at – 20 °C effectively delayed pollen inactivation. The stigma receptivity of C. speciosa lasted for approximately 7 days, and the breeding system was classified as outcrossing with partial self-compatibility.
PCSK9 plasma concentration is associated with epicardial adipose tissue volume and metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sardà Helena , Colom Cristina , Benitez Sonia , Carreras Gemma , Amigó Judit , Miñambres Inka , Viladés David , Blanco-Vaca Francisco , Sanchez-Quesada Jose Luís , Pérez Antonio
Published: March 2024

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Proconvertase subtilisin-kexin 9 (PCSK9) is involved in the atherosclerosis process. This study aimed to determine the relationship between PCSK9 levels and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and cardiometabolic variables in patients with T1D. This was an observational cross-sectional study including 73 patients with T1D. Clinical, biochemical and imaging data were collected. We divided the patients into two groups according to their glycemic control and the EAT index (iEAT) percentile. We performed a correlation analysis between the collected variables and PCSK9 levels; subsequently, we performed a multiple regression analysis with the significant parameters. The mean age was 47.6 ± 8.5 years, 58.9% were men, and the BMI was 26.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2. A total of 31.5%, 49.3% and 34.2% of patients had hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking habit, respectively. The PCSK9 concentration was 0.37 ± 0.12 mg/L, which was greater in patients with worse glycemic control (HbA1c > 7.5%), dyslipidemia and high EAT volume (iEAT > 75th percentile). The PCSK9 concentration was positively correlated with age (r = 0.259; p = 0.027), HbA1c (r = 0.300; p = 0.011), insulin dose (r = 0.275; p = 0.020), VLDL-C level (r = 0.331; p = 0.004), TG level (r = 0.328; p = 0.005), and iEAT (r = 0.438; p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 25% of the PCSK9 variability was explained by iEAT and HbA1c (p < 0.05). The PCSK9 concentration is associated with metabolic syndrome parameters, poor glycemic control and increased EAT volume in patients with T1D.
Cardiac troponin I as predictor for cardiac and other mortality in the German randomized lung cancer screening trial (LUSI)
Authors: Cortés-Ibáñez Francisco O. , Johnson Theron , Mascalchi Mario , Katzke Verena , Delorme Stefan , Kaaks Rudolf
Published: March 2024

Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) could be used to identify individuals at elevated risk of cardiac death in lung cancer (LC) screening settings. In a population-based, randomized LC screening trial in Germany (“LUSI” study) serum cTnI was measured by high-sensitivity assay in blood samples collected at baseline, and categorized into unquantifiable/low (< 6 ng/L), intermediate (≥ 6–15 ng/L), and elevated (≥ 16 ng/L). Cox proportional-hazard models were used to estimate risk of all-cause and cardiac mortality with cTnI levels. After exclusion criteria, 3653 participants were included for our analyses, of which 82.4% had low, 12.8% intermediate and 4.8% elevated cTnI, respectively. Over a median follow up of 11.87 years a total of 439 deaths occurred, including 67 caused by cardiac events. Within the first 5 years after cTnI measurement, intermediate or elevated cTnI levels showed approximately 1.7 (HR = 1.69 [95% CI 0.57–5.02) and 4.7-fold (HR = 4.66 [1.73–12.50]) increases in risk of cardiac death relative to individuals with unquantifiable/low cTnI, independently of age, sex, smoking and other risk factors. Within this time interval, a risk model based on age, sex, BMI, smoking history and cTnI showed a combined area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 73.6 (58.1–87.3), as compared to 70.4 (53.3–83.5) for a model without cTnI. Over the time interval of > 5–10 years after blood donation, the relative risk associations with cTnI and were weaker. cTnI showed no association with mortality from any other (non-cardiac) cause. Our findings show that cTnI may be of use for identifying individuals at elevated risk specifically of short-term cardiac mortality in the context of LC screening.
Flexible batch electrodialysis for low-cost solar-powered brackish water desalination
Authors: He Wei , Le Henaff Anne-Claire , Amrose Susan , Buonassisi Tonio , Peters Ian Marius , Winter Amos G.
Published: March 2024

Globally, 1.6 billion people in rural regions face water scarcity. Expanding freshwater access via brackish groundwater desalination can provide additional resources to address this challenge. In this study, we have developed a time-variant electrodialysis reversal (EDR) technology that flexibly uses available solar energy for desalination. Our proposed photovoltaic-powered desalination system can vary pumping and EDR power to match the availability of intermittent solar power, maximizing the desalination rate. Our results show improved system performance with the direct use of 77% of available solar energy—91% more than in conventional systems—and a 92% reduction in battery reliance. In a village-scale desalination case study in India, these system improvements lead to a 22% reduction in water cost, making the technology competitive with the currently used on-grid, village-scale reverse osmosis systems that are mainly powered by fossil fuels. Future advances could further reduce costs, providing an improved, sustainable solution to water scarcity in remote areas.
Digital Regenerative Agriculture
Authors: O’Donoghue Tom , Minasny Budiman , McBratney Alex
Published: March 2024

Intergovernmental organisations are pushing for ecological renewal with ever-increasing urgency. The trinity of Precision, Digital, and Smart (Ag 4.0) Agriculture encapsulate the tools best positioned to quantify the contributions farmscapes make towards these ends. However, work under these banners to date has rested on productivity and efficiency. Limiting negative environmental outcomes, when acknowledged as an objective, is most often presented as possible through ex-post evaluations. Conversely, Regenerative Agriculture champions environmental renewal as the pathway to more resilient and consistent production systems but currently lacks scientific validation. A synergy of the two will enhance both by (i) developing data on environmentally forward systems, (ii) presenting new challenges for monitoring, and (iii) by laying a foundation for the farmer-led data-driven site-specific refinement of management systems that prioritise outcomes for production through enhanced environmental function. All of which, when passed through a digital supply chain, will contribute substantially to product provenance and, in turn, consumer confidence.
CuNi sulphidation maximizes MOR activity by expanding the accessibility of active sites!
Authors: Arulraj Roshini , Eswaran Karthik , C. M. Sara Fidha , Murugesan Rajini , Peters Silda , Maruthapillai Arthanareeswari , Vadivel Sethumathavan , Konidena Rajendra Kumar , Sadhukhan Tumpa , Sengeni Anantharaj
Published: March 2024

Sulphidation through hydrothermal treatment increases ECASs for Cu and Ni by an order of magnitude and the performance of the MOR selectively for HCOOH formation.
Solvent-polarity-controlled assembly of polynuclear titanium-calixarene complexes: constructing isolated {Ti7}, {Ti13}, {Ti24} and {Tb2Ti13} clusters
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Xiong Ying , Liao Wuping
Published: March 2024

The assembly of polynuclear titanium-calixarene complexes is based on Ti4–C8A SBUs.
Chebifier: automating semantic classification in ChEBI to accelerate data-driven discovery
Authors: Glauer Martin , Neuhaus Fabian , Flügel Simon , Wosny Marie , Mossakowski Till , Memariani Adel , Schwerdt Johannes , Hastings Janna
Published: March 2024

Connecting chemical structural representations with meaningful categories and semantic annotations representing existing knowledge enables data-driven digital discovery from chemistry data.
Orthogonal assisted tandem reactions for the upgrading of bio-based aromatic alcohols using chitin derived mono and bimetallic catalysts
Authors: Zorzetto Francesco , Ballesteros-Plata Daniel , Perosa Alvise , Rodríguez-Castellón Enrique , Selva Maurizio , Rodríguez-Padrón Daily
Published: March 2024

The upgrading of a benzyl-type alcohols was explored via an orthogonal tandem sequence comprised of a first oxidative step producing the corresponding aldehydes, and a subsequent reductive amination to achieve both secondary and tertiary amines.
Surface modification of bioactive glasses for successful incorporation with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)
Authors: Jain Nishant , Schmidt Johannes , Görke Oliver , Karl David , Gurlo Aleksander , Schmidt Franziska
Published: March 2024

SBF treatment of bioactive glass improved surface roughness and bonding, aiding integration with polymers in eco-friendly composite fabrication, potentially replacing silane agents.
Phytosulfokine peptide library: chemical synthesis and biological evaluation on protoplast regeneration
Authors: van de Sande Jasper W. , Streefkerk Dieuwertje E. , Immink Richard G. H. , Fiers Martijn , Albada Bauke
Published: March 2024

A focussed library of 12 phytosulfokine analogues are synthesized and evaluated as artificial plant peptide hormones to boost regeneration of plant protoplasts.
Synthesis of cis-fused cyclopentenone-pyrrolidine scaffolds via sequential aza-Piancatelli and Conia-ene type reactions in one pot
Authors: Solanke Pooja R. , Kumar Prakash , Mainkar Prathama S. , Nayani Kiranmai , Chandrasekhar Srivari
Published: March 2024

A novel diastereoselective one-pot protocol has been developed through sequential execution of an aza-Piancatelli rearrangement and a Conia-ene type reaction under Lewis acid catalysis.
Compositional transferability of deep potential in molten LiF–BeF2 and LaF3 mixtures: prediction of density, viscosity, and local structure
Authors: Li Xuejiao , Xu Tingrui , Gong Yu
Published: March 2024

Predicting structure and properties of LiF-BeF2 and LaF3 molten mixtures at larger spatiotemporal scales with the composition-transferable deep potential.
How ATP suppresses the fibrillation of amyloid peptides: analysis of the free-energy contributions
Authors: Do Tuan Minh , Horinek Dominik , Matubayasi Nobuyuki
Published: March 2024

We reveal that the van der Waals interactions between ATP and amyloid peptides lead to the suppression of amyloid fibrillation, whereas the effect of the electrostatic interaction is compensated by the water solvent.
Size limits and fission channels of doubly charged noble gas clusters
Authors: Stromberg Ianessa , Bergmeister Stefan , Ganner Lisa , Zappa Fabio , Scheier Paul , Echt Olof , Gruber Elisabeth
Published: March 2024

Sequential ionization of helium nanodroplets doped with noble gases produces doubly charged clusters that are much smaller than observed previously.
Origin of the low-energy tail in the photoluminescence spectrum of CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets: a femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic study
Authors: Liu Jinwei , Lu Rong , Yu Anchi
Published: March 2024

A pump fluence-dependent femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic study of CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets reveals that the origin of the low-energy tail in its photoluminescence spectrum is mainly contributed by its biexciton emission.
Low-cell-voltage electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Yan Junyu , Xia Jing , Wang Kai
Published: March 2024

The overpotential of each part of a flow cell reactor for H2O2 electrosynthesis is investigated, and the results indicate that the cathodic solution overpotential has a great contribution.
A form-stable phase change material based on intermolecular hydrogen bonding with a high chemical recycling rate
Authors: Shen Xinyi , Liu Yulin , Li Na , Ju Haiyan , Fu Xiaowei , Jiang Liang , Xiao Yao , He Ping , Lei Jingxin
Published: March 2024

A PEG-based FSPCM was prepared in water via a simple method, using mannitol as supporting material through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. This FSPCM has high latent heat values and can be chemically recycled with recycling rates over 90%.
Triplet–triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion using nanoparticles and nanoclusters
Authors: Niihori Yoshiki , Kosaka Taiga , Negishi Yuichi
Published: March 2024

We introduce the triplet sensitizabilities of semiconductor nanoparticles and metal nanoclusters for triple–triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion. This review aims to explore the potential of new applications for inorganic nanomaterials.
Selenium and phosphide-doped hollow porous N-doped carbon nanobox-based electrospun N-doped carbon nanofibers toward electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Mohammadi Farzaneh , Roushani Mahmoud , Hosseini Hadi
Published: March 2024

A new strategy for doping selenium and phosphide in hollow N-doped carbon nanobox (N-CNB)-based porous electrospun N-doped carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was developed.
Copper(ii) complexes of sterically hindered phenolic Schiff bases: synthesis, characterization, interaction with biomolecules, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Turomsha Iveta S. , Gvozdev Maxim Y. , Osipovich Nikolai P. , Staravoitava Viktoryia A. , Shiman Dmitriy I. , Loginova Natalia V.
Published: March 2024

Phenolic Schiff bases and their Cu(ii) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical methods. The complexes exhibit low cell toxicity and high antioxidant and antibacterial activity, as evidenced by molecular docking studies.
Citrus sap-stabilized regulated cobalt ferricyanide efficiently enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability for oxygen evolution
Authors: Sangamithirai Muthukumaran , Ashok Venkatachalam , Gayathri Arunagiri , Vijayarangan Murugan , Jayabharathi Jayaraman
Published: March 2024

Citrus sap-stabilized RCoFe nanoplatelets were synthesized by simple co-precipitation, and are highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for solar cell water splitting (1.56 V).
New Editor-in-Chief for Reaction Chemistry & Engineering
Authors: Vlachos Dionisios G. , Southall Maria , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: March 2024

Executive Editor Maria Southall welcomes Dionisios Vlachos as the new Editor-in-Chief of Reaction Chemistry & Engineering and pays tribute to the leadership and many contributions of departing inaugural Editor-in-Chief Klavs Jensen.
Thermoswitchable catalysis to inhibit and promote plastic flow in vitrimers
Authors: Van Lijsebetten Filip , Maes Stephan , Winne Johan M. , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: March 2024

We show that weaker acid catalysis has profound effects on the dynamicity of vinylogous urethane based polymer networks. Moreover, the dynamicity could be adjusted by changing electronic and steric parameters in the catalytic environment.
Crude Aceh patchouli alcohol (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) elucidated antibiofilm activity of against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Adhyani Layli , Amalia Amalia
Published: March 2024

The emergence of biofilm-producing bacteria has prompted the search for novel antibacterial agents, including plant-based compounds, such as patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.). This study evaluated the phytochemical and antibiofilm activities of crude Aceh patchouli oil (CPO) against Staphylococcus aureus. This study employed a laboratory experimental design: two controls (growth and negative) and three varying concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) of CPO. Phytochemical analysis was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which revealed the presence of terpenes, sesquiterpenes, and fatty acids in CPO, with patchouli alcohol, azulene, and alpha-guaiene as the dominant compounds. CPO exhibited significant antibiofilm activity against S. aureus, with a minimum biofilm-inhibitory concentration of 0.5%. Notably, CPO was also effective in eradicating existing S. aureus biofilms at a concentration of 1%. The findings of this study suggest that CPO could be a promising candidate for the development of novel anti-staphylococcal agents.
Genetic differentiation of Hippa adactyla based on CO1 gene sequence in Sundaland
Authors: Eko Susilo Vendi , Windy Putri Vinna , Alfiyan Achmad , Mashar Ali , Wardiatno Yusli , Farajalah Achmad
Published: March 2024

The Hippidae is a family of sand crabs that inhabit intertidal ecosystems, specifically in sandy areas scattered throughout the coast. Differences in habitat conditions cause variations in Hippidae members. Hippa adactyla is a member of the genus Hippa. This study aimed to map the genetic differentiation between Hippa adactyla populations in the Greater Sunda Islands. The sand crab (Hippa adactyla) samples were taken from Sumatra (Pariaman, Bengkulu, Lampung) and Java (Pangandaran, Pelabuhan Ratu, Banyuwangi) by handcatching then stored in alcohol 96%. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the muscle tissue of the samples using a commercial DNA Extraction KIT. The upper part of the COI gene (5' end) (±750 bp) was amplified using specific primers. Based on the K2P substitution model, the genetic distance of the Pangandaran population to the Bali Strait population is the same as that of the Sumatran population (0.062). Genetic diversity ranges from 0.000 to 0.123. Haplotype diversity was 0.928, consisting of 18 haplotypes.
Cladogram construction of mosquitos based on morphological characteristics
Authors: Nurwidayati Anis , Astuti Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning , Purwanto Hari , Garjito Triwibowo Ambar , Srikandi Yuyun
Published: March 2024

The mosquito identification process is very important regarding their role as vectors in many arthropod-borne diseases. The mosquito's identification based on morphological characteristics is very complex. The constraint in the identification process is the unavailability of adequate human resources. This article presents an effort to identify mosquitoes more easily based on the specific characteristics of each taxon. The aim of making a cladogram is to make it easier to identify mosquitoes in family, genus, and species taxa, especially in the genus Anopheles. Cladograms were constructed based on morphological characters on wings and their pale scale pattern, scutellum, proboscis, and palpi. The study revealed that based on morphological characters, four cladograms were constructed based on the number of wings, the number of pale scales four or more, and also less than three pale scales, that were for Genus Anopheles, Subgenus Anopheles, and two cladograms for Subgenus Cellia. The specific morphological characters in mosquitos can be used to construct the cladogram for easier identification.
Investigating snake venom variation to mitigate snakebite envenomation in Indonesia
Authors: Anita Syahfitri , Octavianus Kelvin , Mulyadi  , Trilaksono Wahyu , Nugroho Herjuno Ari , Kiranadi Bambang , Pinontoan Reinhard , Hamidy Amir
Published: March 2024

Snakebite envenoming is one of the neglected tropical diseases and is still rarely studied in Indonesia. The high diversity of venomous snakes in Indonesia is one of the challenges. To overcome this, we consider that snake venomic research guided by phylogenetic relationships can serve valuable information that may contribute to snakebite mitigation. Here, we briefly introduce our recent study using HPLC-MS/MS to analyse the venom composition and variation across four Indonesian Trimeresurus. This adds more information on venom variation among Trimeresurus species within the close geographic origin, which congruent with their phylogenetic relationships. We also conducted a preliminary study to detect intraspecific variation between the venom of males and females of T. puniceus using SDS-PAGE. There is an addition of protein with a molecular weight of 13 kDa in the venom of male T. puniceus, while a protein with a molecular weight of 16 kDa is only detected in female venom. We summarize recent studies showing different factors that can affect venom variation between and within snake species. Finally, we discuss the importance of transdisciplinary research to understand snake venom variation and suggest future directions, particularly from a herpetological view, to mitigate human-snake conflict in Indonesia.
Potential Combination of Hermetia illucens, Linnaeus 1758 and Fish Meal to Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Health of Jawa Super Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus, Linnaeus 1758) in the Starter Phase
Authors: Setiawan Haris , Angganawati Rusmi , Kurniawan Feri , Arum Sari Aji
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the potential of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) flour as feed in improving the growth and digestive tract of the Jawa Super Starter Phase. The study used 96 Jawa Super Chickens (aged 0 days). The research design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatment was conducted from the 4th day of chicken age until the 17th day with 4 treatments including P0 (BSF larval meal 0 g/kg feed + fishmeal 150 g/kg feed), P1 (BSF larval meal 50 g/kg feed + fishmeal 100 g/kg feed), P2 (BSF larval meal 100 g/kg feed + fishmeal 50 g/kg feed) and P3 (BSF larval meal 150 g/kg + fishmeal 0 g/kg feed) Parameters observed included growth parameters and digestive tract parameters. Data analysis was done by a one-way ANOVA test followed by a Duncan test. The results showed significant differences in body weight, organ weight, and intestine histology structure between treatments (P<0.05). The FCR value did not show significant differences between treatments (P>0.05). This study concludes that BSF larvae flour (100 g/kg and 150 g/kg feed) can improve the growth and digestive tract of Jawa Super Chickens.
Seed Dormancy Breaking and Germination Rate Improvement in Mucuna (Mucuna bracteata) Seeds using Mechanical and Fungicide Treatments
Authors: Hastuti Pauliz Budi , Parwati Wiwin Dyah Ully , Purwanto Heri , Suparyanto Teddy , Nirwantono Rudi , Pardamean Bens
Published: March 2024

Mucuna (Mucuna bracteata) is a cover crop for young plants in oil palm plantations. However, it has a very low germination rate due to its hard outer shell and fungi infestation after germination. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the effectivity of mechanical treatment combined with 15-min of Dithane M-45 treatment to improve the germination rate of Mucuna’s seed and its seedling growth. The experiment was performed with the combination of two factors: mechanical treatment and Dithane M-45 (0.00 g/L, 0.05 g/Lg, 0.10 g/L and 0.15 g/L) in pentaplicate for each group. The seeds were sowed on wet cotton, and the data was analyzed using ANOVA (α = 0.05) followed by DMRT (α = 0.05). The shell nicking seed followed by a 0.10 g/L of Dithane M-45 treatment resulted in the best germination rate (88 ± 9.1%), the fastest germination speed (6.29 ± 0.65 %), the shortest mean germination time (4.25 ± 0.87 days), the longest shoot, and the highest of fresh and dry biomass for both shoot and root of the seedlings. Therefore, the shell nicking and fungicide immersion before sowing the seeds could improve Mucuna's germination and seedling growth.
Analysis of carcass weight and proximate composition as guinea pig [Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758)] meat quality indicator
Authors: Aphrodita Adiva , Nurmalia Sentono Diva , Fitria Laksmindra
Published: March 2024

Guinea pig (GP) meat [Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758)] can serve as an alternative food due to its high protein content. GP is the staple food in Peru, thus tropical regions (Indonesia) can cultivate it. GP can be purchased at animal markets for an acceptable cost. Carcass weight and proximate analysis are required to evaluate GP meat characteristics. To examine the impact of frozen storage on meat quality, this study aimed to compare GP meat quality with chicken and catfish. The frozen meat was from commercial markets. The methodology comprised meat selection, carcass weight, proximate evaluation, and data analysis. The hind leg, thigh, and tail sections of GP, chicken, and catfish, respectively, were used for proximate evaluation and evaluated using the Titrimetric method, the Weibull method, the Oven Drying method, ash calculation, the By Difference method, and meat tenderness test. Regarding carcass weight, GP has the lowest weight. However, it has the finest proximate analysis results, compared to catfish and chicken, with a protein value of 17.42%. GP meat has potential to be gained as a high-protein food source at a reasonable cost. As opposed to chicken and catfish, more portions of GP can be consumed as meat.
Effect of silicon priming on germination and growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in drought condition
Authors: Ulfianida Dessy , Rachmawati Diah
Published: March 2024

Drought in some agricultural areas due to global climate change is an obstacle in rice cultivation. ‘IR 64’ is one of the commonly grown rice cultivars but this cultivar is very susceptible to drought. Seed priming treatment with silicon is one way to increase rice resistance to drought stress. This study aimed to determine the effect of seed priming using calcium silicate on germination and growth responses of rice under drought condition. This study used two types of treatments. Silicon priming concentration and drought stress in a completely randomized experimental design. The concentration of calcium silicate (0, 1, 2 and 3 mM). Drought treatment with different field capacity (100%, 80%, 60% and 40%). The observed parameters were percentage and rate of germination, plant height, number of leaves and tillers, chlorophyll, and carotenoid levels. On the fifth day, the percentage of germination in the control, 1, 2 and 3 mM of silicon priming was 78.67%, 80%, 96% and 97.33%, respectively. Along with decreasing field capacity, rice plant growth decreases. Seed priming with calcium silicate showed a trend of increasing in percentage and rate of germination, plant height, number of leaves and number of tillers, chlorophyll dan carotenoid levels.
Multiphysics for industrial gas exploration – The Fonts-Bouillants case study
Authors: Peignard Ludovic , Hauville Benoît
Published: March 2024

Helium is key in numerous industrial sectors. Production in western Europe is still absent despite criticality of helium as a resource. 45- 8 Energy, implementing multiple geophysical methods in its Fonts- Bouillants exploration license, located in France, intended to couple geophysics with geological and geochemical information to characterize more accurately the subsurface before drilling. The area has been underexplored until license awarding in 2021 and therefore brand-new data acquisition was the only path to uncertainties reduction. A finely tuned acquisition campaign of electric resistivity tomography, reflection seismic, electromagnetic methods, followed by a thorough transverse interpretation phase, enabled 45-8 Energy to step up with a successful shallow drilling campaign. Geophysics was key to implement boreholes which turned out to be discoveries and key to unlock funds to build the first helium production unit in western Europe. Adventure shall continue with upcoming deeper drilling campaign, revealing full potential of the exploration permit by mid- 2024.
The use of passive seismic interferometry for the monitoring of subsurface fluids – from shallow groundwater to native or storage gas reservoirs
Authors: Kremer Thomas , Voisin Christophe , Gaubert-Bastide Thomas , Ars Jean-Michel , Mouquet Pascal , Moinet Frédéric , Ferran Jean-Charles
Published: March 2024

Passive (ambient noise) seismic interferometry provides multiple ways to gather information about the subsurface seismic properties using recordings of the seismic ambient noise signal. While the first developments and applications of this method showed a useful capacity to either image geological contrasts or monitor the structural properties of the soil, an increasing momentum is observed toward applications related to fluid monitoring of different types (liquid, gas), at all the scales of the subsurface (from meters to kilometers). In this paper we summarize the existing possibilities and technics of seismic interferometry analysis for subsurface fluid detection and characterization and elaborate on their respective deployment in different contexts. We also present a new approach based on estimating and continuously measuring seismic attenuation proxy within interferometric-based surface wavefields, which show a high sensitivity to fluid dynamics and the associated petrophysical variations. The method is illustrated through a field case study related to geological gas storage monitoring, and we elaborate on its potential respective deployment at the industrial scale and for different applications.
Stoneley wave detection by acoustic Interferometry: Estimation of shear velocity of a geological formation
Authors: Mari Jean Luc , Delay Frederick
Published: March 2024

Both active and passive full waveform acoustic loggings (FWAL), complemented by a flow log, were conducted in a borehole of an experimental site located in the Cher region (France).. The acoustic tool used for the FWAL experiments is a flexible monopole tool holding a pair of piezoelectric receivers and a magnetostrictive transducer. The tool was modified to perform both active and passive FWAL. For passive acoustic logging, several runs were recorded to obtain a set of acoustic noise sections. As the noise is simultaneously recorded by two receivers of the tool, an interference noise section was elaborated by correlating or deconvolving the pair of signals and then summing these pairs of acoustic traces at each depth. This procedure, which can be interpreted as an interferometry analysis, points out the presence of low-frequency waves identified as Stoneley waves. The velocity and RMS amplitude of the Stoneley wave were computed at each depth. It is shown that: 1- the Stoneley wave velocity obtained in passive mode can be used to estimate the shear velocity of the formation, 2- the RMS amplitude and velocity variations of the Stoneley waves are strongly correlated with the variations of the flowmeter.
Towards the imaging of deep land ore deposits with ERT-IP method – first results from a demonstration survey in Finland
Authors: Kim Bitnarae , Deparis Jacques , Darnet Mathieu , Bretaudeau François , Vedrine Simon , Gance Julien , Kamm Jochen , Autio Uula , Patzer Cedric , Heinonen Suvi
Published: March 2024

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive geophysical survey near Kuusamo (Finland) to assess the potential of electrical resistivity methods in delineating mineral deposits at depths greater than 1 km. Preliminary investigations, including magnetic and gravity methods as well as drilling, revealed significant anomalous structures in the survey area. We employed multiple electrical and electromagnetic methods at the site, comprising controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM), magnetotelluric (MT), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and induced polarization (IP). To obtain the geophysical data in very large-scale area, we used a total of 25 transmitter dipoles with 1km long using three distinct transmitter systems and recorded data at 119 receiver stations. In this paper, we present the acquisition and preliminary results from ERT-IP. Analysis of the resistivity and IP responses revealed notable IP signals at depths exceeding 1.5 km. Meanwhile, the resistivity data indicated generally very high values, around 10,000 ohm-m, with complex variations observed near the surface.
Electrical, pedological and geotechnical characterisation of micro-reliefs (“mottureaux”) of the Poiré-sur-Velluire marsh (France)
Authors: Caner Laurent , Pavageau Clémence , Decoene Delphine , Cosenza Philippe
Published: March 2024

A survey of electrical, pedological and geotechnical measurements was carried out on the Marais du Poiré-sur-Velluire site (Marais Poitevin, France) in 2021 and 2022 to characterise micro-reliefs (often named “mottureaux” or “gilgais”), which are home to a rich biodiversity. The electrical measurements consisted in Electrical Resistivity Tomography at various investigation depths. The summary of the results presented in this paper highlights the following two elements, which may play a definite role in the genesis of these very special micro-reliefs: (a) desiccation cracks and (b) the thickness of a very soft, plastic-to-liquid clay layer in the saturated part of the soil.
How can an integrated multi-method geophysical approach optimise the groundwater management in the Chalk aquifer? Case study of the Seine fault system (France, Normandy)
Authors: Portal Angélie , Meire Baptiste , Idée Erwan , David Pierre-Yann
Published: March 2024

The Cretaceous chalk aquifer is a strategic water resource in the north of France, especially in Normandy where it faces increasing pressure in terms of its quality and availability. The effective and sustainable manage of this resource relies on a deep understanding of its complex geological and hydrogeological nature. However, modelling this hydrosystem has its limitations due to the spatial and qualitative heterogeneity of the data available. The integration of geophysical data using various methods and scales has improved the geological knowledge by identifying the different chalk formation and highlighting the geometry of the Seine fault system near Rouen. Geophysical analysis has revealed highly complex fault geometries in this area and clarified their impact on the chalk formations. Additionally, it has provided detailed information about the vertical heterogeneity of the chalk, both geologically and hydrogeologically. This new knowledge feeds into the existing 3-D regional geological model, especially in areas with limited data. Supporting hydrogeological modelling, this updated model has already enabled to drill new boreholes. In the future, it will contribute to a better understanding and management of groundwater resources in this region.
Towards sustainable agriculture: Unveiling the nexus of social capital and knowledge management to supports environmentally friendly agriculture
Authors: Andri Seno , Kameli Okta , Suryalena  , Andini Frini Karina , Febrian Achmad Fajri
Published: March 2024

The agricultural sector’s progress, driven by rural farmer groups, is pivotal for national advancement. In Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency, a farmer group holds the potential to emerge as a center for superior agricultural and industrial endeavors. This research assesses Community Social Capital and Knowledge Management Capability as strategies to enhance the competitiveness of farmer groups in Sungai Pakning. Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach and a sample of 44 respondents, the study illuminates the current conditions of these factors. It emphasizes the paramount role of community-based social capital and knowledge management in fortifying the competitiveness of farmer groups. The proposed collaborative integration model not only aims to empower farmer groups but also addresses environmental, terrestrial, and energy issues by promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This multifaceted approach positions the farmer groups in Sungai Pakning not only for economic prosperity but also as stewards of the environment, contributing to a sustainable and resilient agricultural landscape.
Street-level Bureaucrat Analysis of Indonesia’s oil palm replanting implementation program
Authors: Mayarni Mayarni , Heriyanto Meyzi , RFS Harapan Tua , Bedasari Hafzana , Vani Resa Vio
Published: March 2024

This article analyzes the Street-Level Bureaucrat Analysis of Indonesia’s Oil Palm Replanting Implementation Program, focusing on the case in Indragiri Hilir District, Riau Province. PSR aims to renew smallholder oil palm plantations with sustainable varieties and reduce illegal land clearing. The Street Level Bureaucrat model was approved to ensure the responsibility and participation of farmers. This research analyzes Street- Level Bureaucrat Analysis of Indonesia’s Oil Palm Replanting Implementation Program. This study uses qualitative research methods with systematic literature reviews and case observation studies in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The results of the study show that this model has a significant effect on the implementation of PSR. The responsiveness of service providers to farmers’^ needs increases. Service providers understand farmers’ challenges and adapt programs according to field conditions. With intensive interaction between service providers and farmers, farmers’ understanding of decision-making has also increased. Overall, this analysis underscores the importance of the Street-Level Bureaucrats model in ensuring the effective implementation of the Smallholder Oil Palm Replanting Program in Indonesia. Responsiveness to community needs, farmer involvement in decision-making, and support for sustainable growth are the critical elements this model reinforces. Thus, using the Street-Level Bureaucrats model can optimize the results of PSR and its positive impact on society and the environment in Indonesia.
Peatland water utilization innovation based on community development
Authors: Dewi Asri , Priambada Rizal Indra , Hidayat Rahmad
Published: March 2024

Peatland topography situation leads to several impact in community’s daily life. Land utilities hold several roles to community living sources such farming, plantation, and spring quality of the land. In Riau Province, peatland utilities done in several way even though leads by plantation, mostly farming and fish cultivation also take part. But in every activity that done by the community, water has enormous role in the civilization development. Peatland water has several conditions that differentiate them with the water quality at other kind of land. It has color brown and low pH that cannot be consumed by the community around the land. In other way, community needs water for sanitation and living. This paper aims to identify the community development implementation based on local resources to address the water sanitation solution at peatland in Beringin Hamlet, Lubuk Muda Village, Riau Province. This study utilized participatory observation and in-depth interviews with the local community. This study found that peat water can be used to make clean water through filtering innovations and can trigger social systems in the community to be able to meet needs and support community welfare.
Démarche de qualification de l’utilisation de la méthode MASW sur les digues par mesures en environnement contrôlé et simulations pour évaluer l’influence de la géométrie 3D des ouvrages
Authors: Vautrin Denis , Zentner Irmela , D’Urso Guy , Hachet Géry , Vergniault Christophe , Mercadier Dimitri
Published: March 2024

Les digues de protection contre les inondations peuvent faire l’objet de campagnes de reconnaissance dans le but d’identifier d’éventuelles zones de faiblesse et de prévenir tout risque de défaillance. La méthode Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), non invasive et à faible coût, offre un complément intéressant aux sondages géotechniques. Elle est notamment utile pour les ouvrages de grand linéaire car elle est employable en mode « grand rendement ». Cependant, la méthode MASW repose sur une hypothèse de milieu 1D stratifié, c’est-à-dire que la surface du sol ainsi que les interfaces entre les différentes couches de sol sont supposées horizontales. Cela n’est a priori pas compatible avec la topographie 3D de l’ouvrage. Nous avons réalisé une étude de sensibilité des résultats de MASW à la géométrie 3D d’une digue en nous appuyant à la fois sur des mesures expérimentales et sur des simulations. L’ouvrage considéré est une maquette de digue à l’échelle 1. Dans un premier temps, nous avons proposé une méthodologie de simulation permettant de reproduire numériquement la propagation d’une onde sismique en 3D pour la configuration de la maquette, et nous avons validé ce modèle par comparaison entre signaux numériques et acquisitions réelles. Dans un second temps, nous avons considéré différentes configurations de simulation dans le but d’évaluer l’influence de la géométrie 3D de l’ouvrage. D’après les résultats obtenus, la géométrie 3D de la digue entraîne une sous-estimation de la profondeur de l’interface entre la digue et le sol. En revanche, son influence sur l’estimation des caractéristiques des couches est négligeable. Ces résultats sont en accord avec le retour d’expérience terrain d’EDF. D’autres limites restent à approfondir par de nouvelles simulations, en considérant des ouvrages de plus grandes dimensions et à géométries plus complexes. De plus, l’exploitation de la maquette de digue se poursuivra avec la mise en œuvre de méthodes électriques, et avec des travaux sur les méthodes de fusion de données.
Barrages en Sol Cimenté : présentation du nouveau Bulletin 195 de la CIGB
Authors: Puiatti Daniel , Lino Michel , Cochet Pierre , Bonelli Stéphane
Published: March 2024

Dans le Bulletin 195 Barrages en Sol Cimenté, récemment publié par la Commission Internationale des Grands Barrages (CIGB), le terme « Sol Cimenté » désigne tout sol lié, que ce soit suite à un traitement à la chaux, au ciment, ou à la chaux en association avec le ciment, le cas échéant avec addition de composants pouzzolaniques. Le bulletin fait aussi mention des liants hydrauliques routiers. En Europe, où ces produits sont normalisés et contrôlés, ils peuvent avantageusement remplacer les ciments. Le traitement des sols est une technique ancienne et éprouvée qui a connu au cours des soixante dernières années un développement spectaculaire, en particulier dans le domaine des infrastructures de transport. Des exemples d’applications existent également dans le domaine des ouvrages hydrauliques, ce qui a conduit la CIGB à publier le Bulletin 54, Sol-ciment pour barrages en remblai (1986), consacré à l’utilisation de matériaux granulaires traités au ciment pour la protection des talus amont des barrages en terre. Depuis les années 1980, la technique a considérablement évolué grâce aux progrès de la technologie d’une part, et à une utilisation plus rationnelle de la chaux aérienne calcique d’autre part. En outre, d’importants programmes de recherche et des retours d’expériences positifs ont permis de mieux explorer et caractériser les performances des sols traités et d’en tirer un meilleur profit. Le nouveau Bulletin 195 couvre l’utilisation des sols cimentés dans la réalisation d’ouvrages hydrauliques. S’il s’appuie sur le Bulletin 54 exclusivement consacré au ciment, il le complète avec l’utilisation de la chaux aérienne calcique, permettant ainsi d’élargir le champ d’application de la technique au traitement des sols limono-argileux. S’agissant de la valorisation de matériaux naturels, donc non élaborés, il insiste particulièrement sur l’importance des études préalables : reconnaissance des gisements et études en laboratoire. Profitant de l’expérience acquise dans les infrastructures de transport, il étend largement l’utilisation des sols traités à d’autres applications que les protections de talus amont, notamment aux barrages homogènes de hauteur moyenne (jusqu’à 30 m de haut), aux barrages zonés et aux digues. Il fournit des recommandations utiles pour la conception, la construction et la réparation des barrages et des digues faisant usage de sols cimentés.
Human-verifiable proofs in the theory of word-representable graphs
Authors: Kitaev Sergey , Sun Haoran
Published: March 2024

A graph is word-representable if it can be represented in a certain way using alternation of letters in words. Word-representable graphs generalise several important and well-studied classes of graphs, and they can be characterised by semi-transitive orientations. Recognising word-representability is an NP-complete problem, and the bottleneck of the theory of word-representable graphs is convincing someone that a graph is non-word-representable, keeping in mind that references to (even publicly available and user-friendly) software are not always welcome. (Word-representability can be justified by providing a semi-transitive orientation as a certificate that can be checked in polynomial time). In the literature, a variety of (usually ad hoc) proofs of non-word-representability for particular graphs, or families of graphs, appear, but for a randomly selected graph, one should expect looking at O(2#edges) orientations and justifying that none of them is semi-transitive. Even if computer would print out all these orientations and would point out what is wrong with each of the orientations, such a proof would be essentially non-checkable by a human. In this paper, we develop methods for an automatic search of human-verifiable proofs of graph non-word-representability. As a proof-of-concept, we provide “short” proofs of non-word-representability, generated automatically by our publicly available user-friendly software, of the Shrikhande graph on 16 vertices and 48 edges (6 “lines” of proof) and the Clebsch graph on 16 vertices and 40 edges (10 “lines” of proof). Producing such short proofs for relatively large graphs would not be possible without the instrumental tool we introduce (allowing to assume orientations of several edges in a graph, not just one edge as it was previously used) that is a game changer in the area. As a bi-product of our studies, we correct two mistakes published multiple times (two graphs out of the 25 non-word-representable graphs on 7 vertices were actually word-representable, while two non-word-representable graphs on 7 vertices were missing).