bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural vibration design of a pod structure including an optical system of a fighter aircraft
Authors: Yoon Taeyoung , Cho Jaemyung , Na Sungsoo , Yoon Seongho
Published: September 2021

Structural vibration design of a pod structure including an optical system installed on a fighter aircraft is very significant in improving accuracy of targeting system to the target objects. To reduce and isolate the vibration generated during the flight, it is crucial to properly
design the rubber mount between the pod and the aircraft. In this study, free vibration analysis of the pod is conducted through finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments. Correlations are performed with reasonably acceptable accuracy about the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and frequency
response functions obtained by FEA and experiment. Then to optimize the structural dynamics of the pod, three variables are considered, which are mass of the dummies, the numbers of and positions of rubber mounts, and hyperelastic property of rubber mounts. In addition, the position of the
pod on the fighter is analysed by FEM to estimate the possibility of further enhancement of its structural dynamics. Finally, forced vibration was undertaken using random signals of a shaker with 1Grms, 2Grms and 2.65Grms considering the test standard. It is found out that frequency responses
of the pod are sensitive below 100 Hz to the values of the excitation signals. It is thus indeed to design appropriately the rubber mounts to improve structural dynamics of the pod, which results in the accuracy of targeting system.
The effect of sound masking on employees' acoustic comfort and performance in open-plan offices in Canada
Authors: Lee Joonhee , Mackenzie Roderick , Le Men Vincent , Gariépy François , Zarei Farideh
Published: September 2021

Sound masking systems are commonly used in open-plan offices to generate a controlled minimum level of background sound, in order to decrease the signal-to-noise ratio of intrusive speech and blend out transient office noise. However, a question in the acoustical design of offices is whether the self-generated noise of occupants may alone be sufficient to provide the background sound level conditions necessary to achieve similar levels of speech privacy and acoustic comfort as sound masking systems. This study examines the relationship between occupant-perceived speech privacy and acoustic comfort under three different acoustic scenarios (no masking, controlled 42 dBA, and 47 dBA masking sound levels). The study was conducted pre-COVID-19 in two separate open-plan offices located in Quebec, Canada that at the time were close to full occupancy. Employees completed subjective questionnaires before and after each change in conditions, focusing on how the sound environment impacted their comfort and work performance during the study. Statistical results show that the occupants were significantly more satisfied during the two sound masking conditions in comparison to the no-masking condition, where only the occupant-generated and exterior/mechanical system noise was present as the background sound. Implications for open-plan offices with lower occupancy conditions post-COVID-19 are discussed.
Adaptable Invisibility Management Using Kirigami-Inspired Transformable Metamaterials
Authors: Xu He-Xiu , Wang Mingzhao , Hu Guangwei , Wang Shaojie , Wang Yanzhao , Wang Chaohui , Zeng Yixuan , Li Jiafang , Zhang Shuang , Huang Wei
Published: September 2021

Many real-world applications, including adaptive radar scanning and smart stealth, require reconfigurable multifunctional devices to simultaneously manipulate multiple degrees of freedom of electromagnetic (EM) waves in an on-demand manner. Recently, kirigami technique, affording versatile and unconventional structural transformation, has been introduced to endow metamaterials with the capability of controlling EM waves in a reconfigurable manner. Here, we report for a kirigami-inspired sparse meta-architecture, with structural density of 1.5% in terms of the occupation space, for adaptive invisibility based on independent operations of frequency, bandwidth, and amplitude. Based on the general principle of dipolar management via structural reconstruction of kirigami-inspired meta-architectures, we demonstrate reconfigurable invisibility management with abundant EM functions and a wide tuning range using three enantiomers (A, B, and C) of different geometries characterized by the folding angle

β

. Our strategy circumvents issues of limited abilities, narrow tuning range, extreme condition, and high cost raised by available reconfigurable metamaterials, providing a new avenue toward multifunctional smart devices.
Competencias transversales para el aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Quintana Puschel Magaly Andrea , Raccoursier Steffen M. Solange , Sánchez Guzmán Alejandra Ximena , Sidler Vegas Henry Williams , Toirkens Niklitschek Josselinne Ruth
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo da cuenta de la experiencia que se está realizando, desde el año 2003, en la Universidad de Los Lagos de Osorno; la que se dice relación con el Programa de Fortalecimiento de Competencias Transversales para el aprendizaje. Dentro de él se fortalecen las habilidades cognitivas y socioafectivas indispensables para enfrentar de mejor manera los desafíos que impone el aprendizaje en la universidad, lo que también será de utilidad en la vida profesional. Se pretende apoyar el proceso de integración de los estudiantes a la vida universitaria y su desempeño futuro, estableciendo un sistema de apoyo a los alumnos iniciales, para compensar los niveles de manejo insuficiente de competencias cognitivas para el aprendizaje, a través de la implementación de módulos de trabajo.
La universidad cubana del siglo XXI: la Sede Universitaria Municipal
Authors: Martín Blanco José Arsenio
Published: September 2021

La educación cubana ha sostenido un importante desarrollo a raíz de la campaña de alfabetización desarrollada en el año 1961, en que la luz del saber llegó hasta los más apartados rincones de la isla, comienza así un proceso de desarrollo en espiral que tiene su parangón actual en las Sedes Universitarias Municipales.

En el presente trabajo abordamos el surgimiento de las Sedes Universitarias Municipales (SUM). Su implantación y desarrollo a lo largo y ancho de la geografía nacional. El rol que desempeñan en el contexto municipal como prolongación de la universidad, y como gestores del conocimiento local.
A importância da parceria entre família e escola no desenvolvimento educacional
Authors: De Sousa Ana Paula
Published: September 2021

A família é o primeiro contexto na qual a criança desenvolve padrões de socialização, deste modo, ela se relaciona com todo o conhecimento adquirido durante sua experiência de vida primária que vai refletir na sua vida escolar. Sendo assim, o sucesso da tarefa da escola depende da colaboração familiar ativa.

É impossível colocar à parte escola, família e sociedade, pois, se o indivíduo é aluno, filho e cidadão, ao mesmo tempo, a tarefa de ensinar não compete apenas à escola, porque o aluno aprende também através da família, dos amigos, das pessoas que ele considera significativas, dos meios de comunicação, do cotidiano. Sendo assim, é preciso que professores, família e comunidade tenham claro que a escola precisa contar com o envolvimento de todos.

É necessário que família e escola se encarem responsavelmente como parceiras de caminhada, pois, ambas são responsáveis pelo que produz, podendo reforçar ou contrariar a influência uma da outra. Família e escola precisam criar, através da educação, uma força para superar as suas dificuldades, construindo uma identidade própria e coletiva, atuando juntas como agentes facilitadores do desenvolvimento pleno do educando.
Bargaining power and U.S. military aid in the post-cold war era
Authors: Wang Yu
Published: September 2021

This study examines the effect of bargaining power on the allocation of U.S. military assistance. Conceptualising U.S. military assistance as an aid-for-policy deal, it applies a two-tiered stochastic frontier model to a data sample of the post-Cold War era. It shows that the bargaining effect accounts for a huge variation in U.S. military aid distribution. The volume of U.S. military assistance in equilibrium is lower than the baseline volume by 4% at the mean and by 6% at the median. The donor U.S. extracts a slightly larger portion of the transaction surplus at these central points. However, the game of surplus division is not always about equally strong hagglers as it may first appear. In fact, the quartile values show substantial variance in bargaining performance and, hence, an outcome of surplus division across transactions. The bargaining effect is highly significant in the allocation of U.S. military assistance in the post-Cold War era. The donor U.S enjoys a bargaining advantage at the mean and median, but rich variations are noticeable.
Sustaining Educational Equity: Architecture Development Programs as Transformative Models to Increase Inclusivity
Authors:   University of Southern California, Matchision Lauren
Published: September 2021

The desire to increase inclusivity in the field of architecture is concurrent with a perceptible growing trend in the United States in which many institutions of higher education have begun to take a closer look at student enrollment in the realization that various degree programs, including architecture, have historically lacked representation from people of color. Emerging architecture pipeline programs are poised to erode the demographic status quo by creating opportuniti es to engage historically underrepresented students while they are still in high school. Many of the explicit and implicit competencies these programs impart are valuable additions toward increasing the likelihood of more underrepresented students successfully applying to study architecture at the university level. These programs are only a small part of a growing number of efforts intended to address long-standing inequiti es in architecture education. This paper aims to assess such programs in light of Sharon Sutton’s imperative to achieve and sustain educational equity set forth in her recent book, When Ivory Towers Were Black: A Story About Race in America’s Cities and Universities. This paper first briefly identifies numerous diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives currently taking hold in the discipline and profession of architecture. Next, it carefully examines Sutton’s account of the Columbia University School of Architecture’s attempt to transform the demographic status quo. Lastly, it considers the lessons learned from the experiment and applies them to emerging pipeline programs, referred to here as Architecture Development Programs, ultimately seeking to explore successful methods to attract, educate, and support historically under represented young people in the classroom and the profession.
Inhabiting the Data Border
Authors:   Texas Tech University College of Architecture, Kripa Ersela , Mueller Stephen ,   Texas Tech University College of Architecture
Published: September 2021

Just as borders mineralize jurisdictional boundaries, they also create gaps in the availability and interoperability of geospatial data, limiting the ability to forecast cross border transformations. The geography of border space is defined by fragmented, proprietary datasets. Differences in methods, measurements, protocols, and languages leave blindspots for researchers, planners, and designers seeking impacts across a range of fields. Additionally, changing political climates and research agendas affect the availability of comprehensive cross-border environmental data. We present Inhabiting the Data Border, an immersive installation and platform for reflection on working within and across fragmented datascapes, and outline emerging research and initi atives from POST (Project for Operative Spatial Technologies), where we are working to forge mutually-supportive communities and shared environmental, cultural, and geopolitical interests within this context.
Casi nula publicación científica de los médicos especialistas peruanos: Análisis de resultados en Google Académico y Scopus
Authors: Mejía Christian R. , Valladares-Garrido Mario J. , Oyarce-Calderon Alvaro , Nina Angie N. , Castillo-Mejia Rafael
Published: September 2021

Introducción: Los médicos especialistas tienen un alto grado de preparación académica en su formación. Sin embargo, su producción científica no corresponde con su grado de preparación. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de publicaciones científicas encontradas en Google Académico y Scopus de los médicos especialistas peruanos. Metodología: Estudio transversal analítico donde se hizo un muestreo aleatorio de los especialistas médicos registrados en el Colegio Médico del Perú durante el año 2017. A los seleccionados se los clasificó según si habían publicado en revistas que podían ser encontradas por el buscador Google Académico o que estuviesen indexadas a Scopus. Se reportó las cantidades totales de publicaciones y sus asociaciones estadísticas. Resultados: De los 2108 especialistas, 1810 (85,9 %) y 2027 (96,2 %) nunca han publicado en revistas científicas que pueda ser encontradas por Google Académico o indizadas a Scopus, respectivamente. Las especialidades que más resultados tuvieron en Google Académico fueron gastroenterología (46,3 %), dermatología (44,4 %) y neurología (42,5 %); en cambio, en Scopus fue neurología (15,0 %), gastroenterología y dermatología (ambas con 11,1 %), así como, patología (10,9 %). Lo máximo que un autor tuvo en revistas extranjeras de Scopus fue 4 artículos originales como corresponsal. Hubo asociaciones estadísticamente significativas según la menor cantidad de publicaciones de Scopus que tuvieron quince especialidades (todos los valores p<0,042), de las cuales, trece no tuvieron publicación alguna. Conclusiones: Los médicos especialistas no tienen una abundante producción científica. De manera que, es importante incentivar el desarrollo científico de los especialistas
Detección de mutaciones del gen EGFR en ADN circulante por medio de biopsia líquida en pacientes con cáncer pulmonar de células no pequeñas: Revisión rápida
Authors: Egoavil Guerra Marina Janeth , Failoc-Rojas Virgilio E , Gil-Olivares Fradis , Motta-Guerrero Rodrigo , Payet Meza Eduardo Tomás , Sarria Bardales Gustavo , Aliaga Llerena Karina Mayra
Published: September 2021

El cáncer pulmonar es un problema de salud pública debido a su alta morbimortalidad mundial y en el Perú. En el cáncer pulmonar de células no pequeñas (CPCNP) la detección de mutaciones del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGFR) ha sido útil para elección de la terapéutica de esta enfermedad. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la información actual y relevante sobre la biopsia liquida como técnica diagnóstica en detección de mutaciones del gen EGFR en pacientes con cáncer pulmonar de células no pequeñas. Las principales guías de cáncer y dos revisiones sistemáticas muestran evidencia a favor de la biopsia líquida en busca de mutaciones del gen EGFR, esto como una alternativa a la biopsia de tejido al inicio de diagnóstico y con una mayor aceptación de uso en el escenario clínico de pacientes con CPCNP con mutaciones sensibles de EGFR. Esta tecnología sanitaria puede ser útil en nuestro país, y proponemos su uso en dos escenarios clínicos.
ASCITIS PANCREÁTICA TRAUMÁTICA. MANEJO CONSERVADOR: REPORTE DE UN CASO
Authors: GUERRERO MACIAS SILVIA INES , BUSTOS GUERRERO ADA MERCEDES , CASTANEDA ALFONSO SERGIO ANDRES , JAIMES SANABRIA MAYRA ZULAY
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: presentar el caso de un paciente masculino adulto joven, con ascitis pancreática secundaria a lesión del conducto pancreático por trauma abdominal cerrado, tratado con éxito con terapia conservadoraMaterial y método: datos e imágenes recopilados de la historia clínica del Hospital Universitario de Santander, previo consentimiento informadoResultado: masculino de 21 años con antecedente de trauma abdominal cerrado, quien consulta por  distensión, dolor abdominal progresivo y  pérdida de peso no cuantificada.  Ante sospecha de lesión de conducto pancreático se solicitó pancreatografía por resonancia magnética que evidencia una alteración del segmento proximal del conducto pancreático principal asociado  a lesión quística en el borde anterior de la unión de la cabeza con el cuerpo pancreático.  Se decidió manejo conservador por 4 semanas con colocación de dren abdominal, reposo intestinal,  asociado a nutrición parenteral total y análogos de somatostatina.Discusión: un 5% del trauma abdominal cerrado puede provocar pancreatitis y fugas en el conducto pancreático.  Conclusión: la lesión del conducto pancreático principal debe sospecharse en todos los pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado. El manejo debe realizarse con una planificación cuidadosa y exhaustiva.
LIPOINYECCION MAMARIA CON FINES ESTETICOS: RESULTADOS A LARGO PLAZO CON UNA SESION (BREAST LIPOINJECTION FOR AESTHETIC PURPOSES: LONG-TERM RESULTS WITH ONE SESSION)
Authors: Andrades Cvitanic Patricio , Maripangui Maritza Pilar , Navia Torelli Alfonso
Published: September 2021

Antecedentes: Aumento mamario con lipoinjerto ha aumentado debido a que evita usar protesis. Es utilizado para aumentos moderados con fines estéticos, no retarda el diagnóstico de cancer ni aumenta el riesgo de sufrirlo. Objetivo: Revisar nuestra experiencia en aumento mamario estético con lipoinjerto, en una sesión y con seguimiento superior a un año. Metodos: Se diseñó una cohorte prospectiva de mujeres. Se excluyeron aquellas con alteraciones congénitas, mesenquimopatías y fumadoras. La lipoinyección se efectuó con principios de Coleman. Para la medición del volumen mamario preoperatorio se utilizó la aplicación Breast-V. Volumen de aumento, tasa de retención y tasa de aumento fueron calculados. Resultados: 73 pacientes fueron lipoinjertadas.  Volumen mamario inicial fue 219,5 ± 44,1 cc. Volumen de aumento fue 99,9 ± 29,8 cc, tasa de retención grasa injertada 41.4% y tasa de aumento del volumen mamario 48.1%. 41 pacientes presentaron imágenes postoperatorias: quistes 15 pacientes (36,6%);necrosis grasa 2 pacientes (4,9%); macrocalcifiaciones 8 pacientes (19,5%) y microcalcifiaciones 1 paciente (2,5%), cuya biopsia por punción fue negativa para malignidad. Discusión: El lipoinjerto mamario es un procedimiento seguro, con resultados adecuados cuando se realiza en una sesión y por el mismo cirujano, siguiendo principios de Coleman. El aumento porcentual es el índice más significativo para evaluar su éxito. Conclusiones: Lipoinyección mamaria en una sesión es una técnica segura. Es útil para pequeños y moderados aumentos o corrección de asimetrías leves. No hay evidencia de que interfiera con el diagnóstico precoz del cancer de mama.
Effects of Noise and Control in Mine Operation
Authors:   Department of Mineral and Petroleum Engineering Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria., C.O. Amosu
Published: September 2021

Noise and noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) in the workplace is a serious issue. Not only can it affect hearing, it can also affect ability to work safely. This is because noises make it difficult to hear instructions or safety warnings. Mine workers each have a responsibility for safety in relation to noise. This paper informs underground and surface mine operators and mine workers to recognise, manage and control risks associated with occupational noise exposure. It explains the health effects of noise, source and noise exposure types; measurement of exposure standards and control measures that can reduce these risks.
ECONOMIC STUDY TO MEASURE THE EFFICIENCY AND ITEMS OF MARKETING MARGINS OF TOMATO CROP YEAR 2015 AL-TAJI DISTRICT
Authors: Jassam Q. T.
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to calculate the marketing efficiency to measures range of efficiency of the marketing processes of crop and their satisfaction of consumer demand, and calculate the marketing margin in marketing process  for stage producer – whole sale and whole sale- retailer stage, and to fulfillment the requirements the research it is aims . The data was collected from 32 farms of tomato from AL-Taji District_Baghdad province Agricultural season 2015 non covered agriculture. The marketing efficiency of sample low 32. 5, and the  absolute marketing margin in stage of wholesaler-retailer was 230 I.d/kg, and retailers importance it was 39.36%, although that relative importance of the retailer profits from the marketing margin about 67.59%,the study recommended to increasing the efficiency the marketing processes to increase the marketing efficiency ad reducing the waste during the marketing processes, and to cultured the farmers about necessity of the marketing processes in side the farm.
INFLUENC OF IRRIGATION PERIODS AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON TOW RICE VSRIETIES GROWN UNDER THE RSYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI)
Authors: & Al-Maadhedi Al-Hasanie , & Al-Maadhedi Al-Hasanie
Published: September 2021

A field trial was conducted at Al-Mishkhab Rice Research Station at Najaf Governorate during 2015 season to assess the effects of irrigation periods and organic manure on yield and its components of two local rice varieties (Anber 33, Jasmine) under System of Rice Intensification (SRI). The experiment was conducted using split split plot arrangement with RCBD design with three replicates. The main plots were irrigation methods where practiced: continuous submerge and intermittent water application where irrigation water was scheduled at two different intervals 3, 5 days. The sub plots were varieties (anber33,jasmin) and three amount of organic manures 0, 5, 10 ton.haˉ¹, planted under System of Rice Intensification (SRI) compared with conventional method (farmer practice). Transplanted method was done when (SRI) implemented and seedlings were transplanted by pattern square 25×25cm between other with one seedlings per hill and early transplanted 15 days seedling old. The conventional method were closed randomize space (10- 15)cm with more than one (3-5) seedlings, and late transplanted (30 days) seedling old. The results indicated that can be save amount of water and obtain of high yield by 29.5% with less water consumption by 57.6 % was used irrigation intervals of 3 days compared with continuance submerge, and then the amount of water consumption with 3 days interval was 3.67 mm equal 36.762 m³.haˉ¹, with 5 days interval 3.18 mm equal 31.869 m³.haˉ¹, with continuance submerge 8.66 mm equal 86.678 m³.haˉ¹. Also the results indicated that the water use efficiency (WUE) with irrigation interval 5 days was  31869 kg m-³ , with 3 days interval was  36762kg m-³ , with continuous submerge was  86678 kg m-³. The WUE Increase was with 3 days interval 70 %, and then the water consumption was reduced 2.2 compared with continuous submerge. The results indicated that there were significant differences with growth parameters (plant hight, and dry matter weight) and significant differences with yield and its components (Panicle number per m², grain number per panicle, 1000 grain weight, sterile percent, grain yield, and harvest index) when used 3 days intervals and 10 ton.haˉ¹ organic manure.
SIMULATING THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTION AND WATER / NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY IN IRAQ: CASE STUDY
Authors: & Shahadha Masood
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the capability of modifying the irrigation and nitrogen application rates as an adaptation to climate change, especially, increasing air temperature, using the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2). Field experiments were conducted in the winter wheat season of 2015-2016 and 2019-2020 at the Rasheed County, south of Baghdad, Iraq. The effect of increasing air temperature on the water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, and grain yield of wheat was assessed under different irrigation deficits and nitrogen application rates. Three levels of water depletion: 30, 50, and 70 of available water and four N application rates (0, 140, 200, and 260 kg N ha−1) were applied for winter wheat. Two temperature scenarios in the RZWQM2 were created for the study purpose. The first scenario was to add 2Co to the normal temperature, and the second scenario was to add 4Co to the normal temperature. Results showed that high irrigation levels presented better results than the low levels under projected temperature scenarios. However, all applied nitrogen rates presented similar results under projected temperature (2Co and 4Co scenarios). Therefore, modifying irrigation requirements is a workable adaption strategy to the increased temperature.
Analytic Modeling for Grant-Free Transmission in Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A Stochastic Geometry Approach
Authors: Ding Jie , Homssi Bassel Al , Choi Jinho , Qu Daiming
Published: September 2021

Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO), as a promising network architecture for beyond the
fifth generation (5G), has a great potential to support grant-free (GF)
transmission for machine-type communication (MTC). To shed light on this
subject, this work aims to model and evaluate the performance of GF transmission
in CF massive MIMO under a realistic network deployment scenario, where the
spatial locations of both access points (APs) and devices are assumed to be
random in nature. In particular, by capitalizing on the distinctive CF network
architecture and features, we design a new two-disk based geometric model for
GF transmission, which facilitates analysis and understanding in CF massive
MIMO. Based on the proposed two-disk model, we derive an approximated
closed-form expression for the access success probability by leveraging on
techniques from stochastic geometry, and investigate the impact of different
key system parameters on the network performance. To highlight the performance
superiority of CF massive MIMO, we further provide a comparative analysis by
using an analogous single-disk model in an equivalent co-located massive MIMO
network. Simulation results verify our analysis and demonstrate that CF massive
MIMO is able to significantly outperform its co-located counterpart in terms of
access success probability and provide robust performance against increased
access density, which well suits to crowd scenarios.
Analytic Modeling for Grant-Free Transmission in Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A Stochastic Geometry Approach
Authors: Ding Jie , Homssi Bassel Al , Choi Jinho
Published: September 2021

Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO), as a promising network architecture for beyond the
fifth generation (5G), has a great potential to support grant-free (GF)
transmission for machine-type communication (MTC). To shed light on this
subject, this work aims to model and evaluate the performance of GF transmission
in CF massive MIMO under a realistic network deployment scenario, where the
spatial locations of both access points (APs) and devices are assumed to be
random in nature. In particular, by capitalizing on the distinctive CF network
architecture and features, we design a new two-disk based geometric model for
GF transmission, which facilitates analysis and understanding in CF massive
MIMO. Based on the proposed two-disk model, we derive an approximated
closed-form expression for the access success probability by leveraging on
techniques from stochastic geometry, and investigate the impact of different
key system parameters on the network performance. To highlight the performance
superiority of CF massive MIMO, we further provide a comparative analysis by
using an analogous single-disk model in an equivalent co-located massive MIMO
network. Simulation results verify our analysis and demonstrate that CF massive
MIMO is able to significantly outperform its co-located counterpart in terms of
access success probability and provide robust performance against increased
access density, which well suits to crowd scenarios.
Cascade Spiking Neuron Network For Event-based Image Classification In Noisy Environment
Authors: Han Yuntao , Yu Tao , Cheng Silu , Xu Jiangtao
Published: September 2021

Spiking Neuron Network (SNN) has shown advantages in processing event-based data for image
classification. However, the classification accuracy of SNNs decreases in noisy environment. The
cascade spiking neuron network (cascade-SNN) was proposed to solve this problem in this letter.
We used spiking convolutional spiking neuron network (SCNN) for features extraction and liquid
state machine (LSM) for read out. Compared with early works on ANNs, this network achieved the
state-of-the-art classification accuracy in DVS-CIFAR10 dataset and DVS-Gesture dataset, which
are both challenging dataset because of noisy environment. We conducted ablation experiments to
verify the proposed structure is effective and analyzed the influence of different hyper-parameters.
Influence of different antibiotic groups on the development of mutational resistance to colistin among Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Petrovskaya Tatyana A. , Tapalskiy Dmitry V.
Published: September 2021

Objective.
To determine the concentration of colistin, preventing the selection of colistin-resistant mutants of K. pneumoniae, and to evaluate the effect of antibiotics of different groups on the development of mutational resistance to colistin.

Materials and Methods.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of colistin were determined for 88 K. pneumoniae strains by the method of serial microdilutions in broth, and carbapenemase genes were detected. The selection of colistin-resistant subpopulations was performed on cation-adjusted MüllerHinton agar (MHA) with the addition of 16 mg/l colistin. Mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of colistin is determined on MHA containing 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 mg/l of colistin. Also, MPCs of colistin were determined in the presence of a fixed concentration of the second antibiotic: clarithromycin (2 mg/l), azithromycin (2 mg/l), rifampicin (1 mg/l), clindamycin (0.5 mg/l), meropenem (8 mg/l), linezolid (2 mg/l), amikacin (1 mg/l), vancomycin (2 mg/l), doxycycline (2 mg/l).

Results.
All strains remained susceptible to colistin (colistin MIC 0.06–1.0 mg/l). Resistance to meropenem (MIC > 8 mg/l) was detected in 48 strains (54.5%), 46 of them were carbapenemase producers: KPC – 6 strains (6.8%), OXA-48 – 26 strains (29.5%), NDM – 14 strains (15.9%). Growth of colonies on MHA with 16 mg/l of colistin was found for 96.6% of the strains. The frequency of mutational resistance occurrence ranged from 6 × 10-9 to 10-6 (median: 2 × 10-7). The mutational nature of colistin resistance was confirmed for 36.4% of the strains. The MPC values of colistin were in the range of 16–256 mg/l; (MPC50 32 mg/l, MPC90 256 mg/l) and significantly (32–1024 times) exceeded the MIC values. In the presence of 1 mg/l of rifampicin, the MPC of colistin decreased 4–64 times (MPC50 4 mg/l, MPC90 4 mg/l). In the presence of 2 mg/l of doxycycline, MPC of colistin decreased 2–64 times for all strains (MPC50 8 mg/l, MPC90 16 mg/l). The presence of linezolid (2 mg/l) and vancomycin (2 mg/l) did not significantly change MPC of colistin. Meropenem at a concentration of 8 mg/l had no significant effect on colistin MPC for carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains. None of the antibiotics lowered the MPC50 of colistin to its clinically achievable serum concentrations.

Conclusions.
A high frequency of formation of mutational resistance to colistin in K. pneumoniae was revealed. The MPC values of colistin are outside the range of clinically achievable serum concentrations and may decrease in the presence of other antibiotics.
Ceftazidimeavibactam use in children and adolescents
Authors: Stetsiouk Оlga U. , Andreeva Irina V. , Lekmanov А.U. , Haykina Еlena V.
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The increasing number of infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in children is a serious problem all over the world. Ceftazidim-avibactam is a promising antimicrobial drug recently approved in Russia for use in pediatric practice. This review provides information on the possible use of ceftazidime-avibactam in children with complicated intraabdominal infections (in combination with metronidazole); complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis; hospital-acquired pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia; infections caused by aerobic gram-negative microorganisms in patients with limited choice of antibacterial therapy. Based on the data on the in vitro activity of the drug, the results of clinical studies of pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of ceftazidimeavibactam for the treatment of infections in children the main clinical cases in which the use of ceftazidimeavibactam in pediatric practice is most justified and appropriate are identified.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIAGNOSTIC DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM IN THE FIELD OF EMERGENCY ABDOMINAL SURGERY
Authors: Соловьев Дмитрий Александрович , Андреева Диана Андреевна , Лысенко Мария Сергеевна , Бурневич Славомир Збигневич
Published: September 2021

В настоящее время системы поддержки принятия решений находят свое применение в самых различных областях деятельности человека, в том числе и в медицине, где точность и своевременность принятия решений может иметь существенное значение для сохранения жизни и здоровья пациентов. Особую роль оперативность и верность принятых решений играют в области диагностики абдоминальных заболеваний. Схожесть клинических проявлений может маскировать некоторые нозологические формы под менее острые, затруднять их диагностику и, как следствие, приводить к отложенному началу оказания адекватной медицинской помощи вплоть до критического состояния пациента. В статье рассматриваются этапы проектирования системы поддержки принятия диагностических решений для применения в неотложной абдоминальной хирургии. Предложены виды формализации описания симптоматики заболеваний органов брюшной полости и вариант решающих правил для обработки поступающей в систему информации. Описан порядок формирования и заполнения базы знаний для функционирования системы. Приводятся опытные модели составных частей системы: модель структурной схемы базы данных и общий алгоритм функционирования системы формирования выходных результатов

Currently, decision support systems are used in a wide variety of areas of human activity, including in medicine, where the accuracy and timeliness of decision-making can be essential to the preservation of the life and health of patients. A special role is played by the efficiency and accuracy of the decisions made in the field of diagnosis of abdominal diseases. The similarity of clinical implications can disguise some nosological forms (diseases) as less acute, complicate their diagnosis and as a result lead to a delayed start of providing adequate medical care up to the critical stage of the patient. The article discusses the stages of designing a diagnostic decision support system for use in emergency abdominal surgery. The types of formalization of the symptoms description of diseases of the abdominal cavity and variants of the decision rules for processing the entering information are proposed. The procedure for building and completing of database for system functioning is described. Experimental models of the system components are presented: the model of a structural diagram of the database and the general algorithm for system functioning for generating output results
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AND ACTIVE COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT, SATISFACTION, AND LEARNING PERFORMANCE: GHANA AS GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF STUDY
Authors: Clarissa Oteng – Darko  , Fan Ming Yue  , Otu Larbi-Siaw
Published: September 2021

This research aims to explore how social media use improves higher level education in Ghana.
Emphatically, it attempts to investigate the effect of social media use and active collaborative learning on student engagement, satisfaction and learning performance. A close-ended questionnaire was administered through online survey to collect data from 429 higher education students. The relationship between variables were tested using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The research findings involve the significant effect of social media usage and active collaborative learning on student engagement, satisfaction, and learning performance. As per result development, student engagement positively affected satisfaction, which in turn influences learning performance. Moreover, this study concludes that effective use of social media, active collaborative and student engagement via social media enhances learning and satisfaction. The present study also offers several theoretical and practical implications for educational institutions and research directions for upcoming scholars.
KEYWORDS: Social media use, active collaborative learning, student engagement, student satisfaction, student learning performance.
A qualitative study of patients’ and caregivers’ perspectives on educating healthcare providers
Authors: Adam Holly , Giroux Catherine , Eady Kaylee , Moreau Katherine
Published: September 2021

Background: Patients/caregivers can be actively involved in the education of healthcare providers (HCPs). The purpose of this study was to explore patients'/caregivers' perspectives on their involvement and roles in the education of HCPs.

Methods: We invited patients/caregivers to participate in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. We analyzed the interview data using conventional content analysis to identify themes.

Results: In terms of patient/caregiver involvement in the education of HCPs, we identified that patients/caregivers perceive that it: (a) is challenging because of power-differentials between themselves and HCPs; (b) requires patient training; (c) needs to start early in HCPs’ education processes; (d) can improve patient-HCP partnerships, and (e) requires compensation for patients. With regards to the roles that patients can play in educating HCPs, we found that patients/caregivers want to: (a) teach HCPs about patients’ expectations, experiences and perspectives through case studies, storytelling, and educational research; (b) provide direct feedback to HCPs, and (c) advise on curricula development and admission boards for HCPs.

Conclusions: Understanding patients’/caregivers’ perspectives on this topic can help educational leaders and HCPs improve active patient/caregiver involvement in the education of HCPs. We need to listen to patients’/caregivers’ voices in order to make effective changes in current and future health professions education.
Major Causes of Calf Morbidity and Mortality in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Shashemene Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Edao Abdela , Meribo Abdurahman
Published: September 2021

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the major causes of calf morbidity and mortality in smallholder dairy farms and associated potential risk factors in Shashemene. A total of 187 calves from 46 farms were included in the present study. The overall crude morbidity and crude mortality rates were 27.8% and 6.4%, respectively. The most frequent disease syndrome was diarrhea with incidence rate of 28(15%) followed by pneumonia 8(4.3%), Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorder 8(4.3%) and septicemia 5(2.7%). In addition skin lesion, navel ill and unidentified cases were encountered. The main causes of death were diarrhea 6(3.2%), Septicemia 2(1.1%), GIT disorder 2(1.1%), pneumonia 1(0.5%) and others 1(0.5%). The most important risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality were housing hygiene, floor condition and calf size in farm. Out of 187 calves examined for GIT parasites; 63(33.3%) were positive for nematode eggs. Prevalence of helminthes parasite increased with increasing age, showing higher prevalence (P<0.05) in calves above 2 months than in calves below 2 months of age. Besides, majority of the calves, 48(25.7%) were found positive for coccidian oocyst. In general; diarrhea, pneumonia and septicemia were the major causes of calf morbidity and mortality. Interms of risk factors housing hygiene, floor condition, calf size in the farms, age and breed were identified major role players. Therefore, identifying major causes and improving management practices and breed should be given to emphasis by advisory of smallholder dairy farms.
In vitro pharmacological attributes and metabolite’s fingerprinting of Conocarpus lancifolius
Authors:   Government College University Lahore, Raza Syed Ali , Ahmad Maqsood ,   Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Mumtaz Muhammad Waseem ,   University of Gujrat, Bashir Sadia ,   University of Education, Rashid Ch Ayoub ,   Government College University Lahore
Published: September 2021

Search for safe antioxidants and novel nutraceuticals urged to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-acetylcholine esterase and anti-lipoxygenase activity of various leaf extracts of Conocarpus lancifolius. Extraction was optimized from freeze dried plant extracts quenched with liquid nitrogen using water, ethanol, methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform. Maximum extract yield, total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents were obtained in case of ethanolic extraction. The highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical scavenging in terms of IC50 value of 55.26 µg/mL was observed for ethanolic leaf extract. The acetylcholine esterase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities (IC50) were also observed for ethanolic extract. These findings for ethanolic extract were statistically significant when compared with other extracts (ρ<0.05). The haemolytic % values indicated that all extracts were associated with very low or negligible toxicity. The epicatechin, isorhamnetin, rutin, scopoleptin, skimmianine, quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, cornoside, creatinine, choline, pyruvic acid, α-hydroxybutyric acid, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin were identified as major functional metabolites in ethanolic leaf extract of C. lancifolius by 1H-NMR. The identified metabolites were probably responsible for the pharmacological properties of C. lancifolius. The findings may be utilized as pharmacological leads for drug development and food fortification.
extensión del Derecho administrativo y su proyección contencioso-administrativa
Authors: Caballero Sánchez Rafael
Published: September 2021

El Derecho administrativo ha conocido una importante expansión en los últimos decenios hacia ámbitos no protagonizados formalmente por una Administración pública, dando lugar a lo que en este trabajo se califica de extensión asimilativa, extensión reactiva y extensión adaptativa o sustitutiva, respectivamente. La extensión asimilativa proviene de la necesidad de los órganos externos al poder ejecutivo (ya sean constitucionales, estatutarios, o jurisdiccionales) de contar con un Derecho administrativo “operativo” para la organización y funcionamiento de sus estructuras de gestión. La extensión reactiva es el Derecho administrativo que se aplica a los entes instrumentales de las Administraciones públicas, como límite (o recuperación, según se mire) en su recurso al ordenamiento jurídico-privado. Y la extensión adaptativa o sustitutiva es la que se aplica al heterogéneo y creciente fenómeno de los sujetos privados que ejercen funciones públicas o que al menos colaboran con su ejercicio. A partir de este esquema, se propone acudir al concepto de funciones públicas (tareas de responsabilidad pública cuyo titular ejerce desde una posición de preeminencia) y al de relación jurídico-administrativa (sin que una de las partes tenga que ser necesariamente una Administración) para identificar los supuestos de extensión debida del Derecho administrativo. También se sistematizan con arreglo a criterios clasificatorios duales los supuestos normativos de extensión adaptativa que ofrece nuestro ordenamiento. Finalmente, se defiende que todas estas relaciones jurídicas en las que se ejercen funciones públicas se sometan a un régimen de garantía y protección según los parámetros del Derecho administrativo y, sobre todo, que en última instancia sean susceptibles de tutela ante la jurisdicción contenciosa, proponiéndose los ajustes legales necesarios para facilitar el desarrollo de un proceso contencioso-administrativo entre particulares.
Analisis Kinerja Simpang Patung Pahlawan Marilonga Ende
Authors: Tuga De Noval La , Sydin Thomas Aquino A.
Published: September 2021

Simpang Patung Pahlawan Marilonga Ende merupakan salah satu simpang yang cukup ramai karena memiliki akses langsung ke pasar Wolowona, dan juga dilalui peregerakan lalu lintas utama dan menerus  yang melalui jalan trans Flores.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kondisi kinerja simpang saat ini. Data yang diperlukan berupa volume lalu lintas dan kondisi lingkungan. Indikator penilaian kinerja simpang berdasarkan pedoman Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, 1997).Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kinerja simpang Patung Pahlawan Marilonga Ende dalam kondisi batas yang tidak ideal, nilai derajat kejenuhan (DS) sebesar 0,75, tundaan 13,4866 det/smp, dan peluang antrian (QP) 22 % - 45%. Setelah dilakukan upaya pengendalian berupa pengaturan pergerakan kendaraan dan pelarangan penggunaan aktivitas sisi jalan yang berdampak pada hambatan samping menjadi rendah. Kinerja simpang mengalami penurunan, dengan nilai derajat kejenuhan (DS) sebesar 0,31, nilai tundaan 8,1031 det/smp, dan peluang antrian (QP) 5 % - 14%.  Sehingga upaya mempertahankan kinerja simpang melalui pemasangan rambu lalu lintas berupa dilarang melawan arah, dilarang parkir, dan dilarang berhenti merupakan beberapa cara pengendalian yang bisa digunakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan pergerakan lalu lintas yang ada pada simpang Patung Pahlawan Marilonga Ende.
First record of the Ravinia almeidai (Lopes, 1946) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) to the state of Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Ramos Ramon L. , Trindade-Santos Matheus E. , Lopes Daniele S. , Pamponet Fernanda M. , Mello-Patiu Cátia A. de , Oliveira Favízia F. de
Published: September 2021

The first record of Ravinia almeidai (Lopes, 1946) is reported for the state of Bahia, northeast region of Brazil. The record of this fly species significantly contributes to the knowledge of sarcophagids from the northeast, as well as to the mapping of its distribution in the Brazilian territory.