bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agostino Agazzari (1578-After 1640): The Theoretical Writings
Authors: Dixon Graham
Published: January 2013

For Agostino Agazzari, a Sienese noble, to be praised as his merit requires one would need the eloquence of the most famous writers of this century, because in truth his skill in the field of music is as much as [that of] any other [person] described [in this volume]. First in Siena he showed while he was young that the city had nothing to envy elsewhere, [for there was] no performer, no composer more excellent that he, because in playing the organ he was most imaginative and delicate, and in [his] compositions harmonious and lively. Therefore he was rewarded with a place in the Accademia degli Intronati. He then visited Germany, where he became known at the court of the Emperor Matthias, who having discovered his great learning wished to keep him in his service. But desirous of liberty, he did not wish to bind himself with that chain of gold, and returned to Italy, carrying with him a musical instrument never before seen or heard called the pandora, which he played sweetly. He went to Rome, where he was not only maestro of the famous cappella of S Apollinare, but [was] also called one of the first to introduce theconcertostyle, which he learnt from brief contact with Father Viadana. With regard to his compositions, he left, in addition to numerous manuscripts, twenty-four to twenty-six works printed at various times and in various places, includingcanzonette, madrigals, motets, masses, psalms in which he showed great [understanding of] counterpoint and harmony. On returning to Siena he was made director of the cappella of the Cathedral, in which post he died recently to the universal sorrow of virtuous men.
Lost Books of Polyphony in England: A List to 1500
Authors: Wathey Andrew
Published: January 2013

Books of medieval polyphony were relatively short-lived by comparison with other forms of book. Once their contents had become outdated, they were often broken up and used as scrap parchment. The debris from a few of these books survives in bindings and as wrappers for documents. The evidence for the existence of others must be sought in medieval administrative records: wills drawn up by individuals, documents emanating from royal and noble households and, above all, the financial and administrative acta of the greater churches. From these materials it is possible to hint at the scale of past losses and to recover, from titles quoted in full or in part, information about small sections of vanished repertories. It is possible also to trace patterns in the ownership and dissemination of written polyphony and to identify something of the structure and dynamics of its production.
Register of Theses on Music in Britain and Ireland Supplement 5
Authors: Bartlett Ian
Published: January 2013

This list of theses supplements the lists previously published in Research Chronicle 15 (1979, 38–116), 16 (1980, 110–34), 17 (1981, 117–33), 18 (1982, 85–118) and 20 (1986–7, 59–89). It is based on information collected in the summer of 1987. For some account of the general principles on which the list is compiled, readers should refer to Research Chronicle 15 (1979, 38–9).
Facsimiles of Fourteenth-Century English Polyphony
Authors: Lefferts Peter M.
Published: January 2013

With the proliferation of comprehensive commercial microfilming of major music collections, careful consideration needs to be given to the production of hard-cover books of facsimiles that traverse the same ground. Of course, a book is still a convenient way of storing and handling certain kinds of material. In compensation for its bulk it is tangible, accessible and portable, not to mention the fact that it can be annotated. And certain kinds of facsimile volume are obviously still going to be desirable: those reproducing single sources of great importance; those containing the contents of smaller libraries and obscure or less accessible collections; and those that comprise within a single volume an important cross-section of some scattered repertory or corpus of sources. In the light of those considerations, the publication of these two volumes of facsimiles of late-medieval English polyphony is most welcome. They make widely available at reasonable quality and price a vast amount of buried treasure found up to now only in the file drawers of a few specialists. The hoard consists of a large proportion of the surviving English polyphony from the era between the Worcester fragments and the Old Hall manuscript. This is an important and little-known repertory, spanning the entire fourteenth century but dispersed among numerous fragmentary sources. Both volumes will be necessary and welcome additions to public collections as well as to the private libraries of specialists in medieval music. They are also an essential complement to the four-volume edition of this same repertory recently published by Editions de L'Oiseau Lyre in the series Polyphonic Music of the Fourteenth Century, and they will surely prove invaluable for the teaching of surveys and seminars on early English polyphony.
The Professional Concert and Rival Subscription Series in London, 1783–1793
Authors: McVeigh Simon
Published: January 2013

The death of J.C. Bach on 1 January 1782 coincided with a number of changes in London's concert life. The principal subscription series, the Bach-Abel concerts, had been losing support for a number of years; and though Abel continued with the concerts in 1782, there was scope for a new initiative. Such an initiative was provided by Lord Abingdon with an ambitious reorganization of the concerts in 1783, to be succeeded in 1785 by the musicians’ own undertaking, styled the Professional Concert.
The Life and Death of The Harmonicon: An Analysis
Authors: Langley Leanne
Published: January 2013

Between 1800 and 1845 some 30 periodicals devoted to music were launched in Britain, nearly all of them attributing their appearance to a current ‘general’, ‘wide’, ‘perfect’ or ‘increasing’ cultivation of the subject. But the real flurry of activity seems to have been in publishing rather than music. The average lifespan of a single musical journal in this period was only about two years and four months; most lasted a year or less and died from financial distress. From this record, one might question not only the state of genuine musical cultivation in early nineteenth-century England but also the rationale of editors, printers, publishers and proprietors who continued to produce for a marginal, certainly elusive, musical audience.
The Music of the Hattons
Authors: Pinto David
Published: January 2013

The core of the historical collection of printed and manuscript music at Christ Church, Oxford derives from a generous bequest in the year 1710 by the late dean of the college, Henry Aldrich. Generosity of other donors is not in question, but Aldrich was more than primus inter pares. An almost contemporary bequest by Richard Goodson senior pales in comparison: printed books from before 1670 (for example) that were contributed by him number barely one-fifteenth of those from the Aldrich bequest. The means whereby Aldrich amassed his musical treasures were lost to direct investigation through the destruction of his personal papers at his express request. It is the aim of this essay to show the extent of evidence for a new claim on the origins of a large part of the collection: that Aldrich acquired shortly after the year 1670 a musical library built up by the first Baron Hatton of Kirby on the basis of his own father's collection. By correlating printed and manuscript contents, it will be shown that a further group of more widely scattered manuscripts was copied for use by Hatton's musicians, and can thus be considered as directly or indirectly dependent on his patronage.
George Jeffreys' Copies of Italian Music
Authors: Wainwright Jonathan P.
Published: January 2013

English musicians, collectors and patrons are known to have been interested in Italian music from the early years of the sixteenth century. Italian musicians appear in the lists of Henry VIII's musicians, and from then onwards Italian music was frequently imported and copied into English manuscripts. The prestige and circulation of the Italian madrigal and its effect on the English madrigalists in Elizabeth I's reign have been thoroughly examined; but it is perhaps not fully realized that this interest in Italian music continued unabated into the seventeenth century, and that the latest Monteverdian styles were circulating in England while they were still brand-new in Italy. George Jeffreys’ manuscript copies of Italian music offer a unique example of the dissemination of Italian music in England in the first half of the seventeenth century; unique because we know precisely which printed sources Jeffreys used, who they belonged to, and how and when they came to be in the country. The career of George Jeffreys (c. 1610–85) and his relationship with his patron, Sir Christopher Hatton (1605–70), has been fully described in David Pinto's article ‘The Music of the Hattons’ (this journal, above), and I shall therefore avoid any duplication of information.
Two Little-Known Music Manuscripts in Augsburg with Works by Giovanni Gabrieli and his Contemporaries
Authors: Charteris Richard
Published: January 2013

This article is concerned with two manuscripts in the Staats- und Stadtbibliothek in Augsburg (Tonkunst Schletterer 200a and 219) which until now have been virtually overlooked by other scholars. Clytus Gottwald's catalogue Die Musikhandschriften der Staats- und Stadtbibliothek Augsburg (Wiesbaden, 1974) does not mention them, even though they have been in the library for many decades. They were known to Hans Michael Schletterer, who briefly referred to them in his Katalog der in der Kreis- und Stadtbibliothek, dem staedtischen Archive und der Bibliothek des Historischen Vereins zu Augsburg befindlichen Musikwerke (Berlin, 1878), pp. 59 and 113, hot as one might expect in the section on music manuscripts, but in his catalogue of early music prints. The reason for this is simple: Tonkunst Schletterer 200a is a manuscript shelved with a closely related set of early printed partbooks, while Tonkunst Schletterer 219 is a single volume comprising an early print bound with manuscript music.
Mirror to an Age: Musical America, 1918–30
Authors: DuPree Mary Herron
Published: January 2013

The time between the end of the First World War in 1918 and the stock market crash in 1929 has traditionally been considered an interregnum in American Music: before it, American music and musical culture largely reflected that of Europe, and after it, America found its voice in the distinctive compositions of Aaron Copland, Roy Harris and others. An examination of periodical writings on music from that time, however, reveals that this period marked not a state of anticipation but the real beginning of modern American music, of composition of international significance, and of distinctive styles of American composition. It was a period when traditionalism, modernism and jazz-influenced composition were each passionately defended and condemned not only in the music journals but in the pages of most of the general intellectual magazines.
Polyphonic Offertories in Medieval England
Authors: Sanders Ernest H.
Published: January 2013

In an article that appeared in a recent issue of this journal, William J. Summers presented an extensive discussion of a fragmentary fourteenth-century polyphonic setting of a Latin poem, beginning Generosi germinis (Bodleian Library, Dept. Deeds, Christ Church, C.34/D.R.3∗, f. Bv). His conclusion that this is an offertory setting, however, seems to be less clear-cut than he proposes.
The Drexel Fragments of Early Tudor Song
Authors: Fallows David
Published: January 2013

As a last-minute postscript to his Music & Poetry in the Early Tudor Court, John Stevens gave what he called a ‘preliminary report’ on a group of nine fragmentary song leaves that Thurston Dart had found in the New York Public Library. They were binding pastedowns in the seventeenth-century English partbooks copied by John Merro, Drexel MSS 4180–5. Since then some of these leaves have been used in various editions, and they have had their place in discussions of the Shakespearean ‘Willow song’ and of John Taverner's music. But they have not received any further study either as a group or in the context of other early Tudor sources. This was perhaps to be expected: a major book often leaves the impression that further work on the topic will have little to contribute; and it must be a disappointment to John Stevens as much as to anyone else that so little has been written on early Tudor song since he published his brilliant study in 1961. Even so, if fragments often yield their secrets less easily than complete manuscripts they sometimes tell us rather more; and besides, we occasionally find that a fragment is not as isolated as it now looks.
Concordances for Singing-Terms Common to the Septuagint and the Greek New Testament
Authors: Smith J. A.
Published: January 2013

The Greek writings of early Christians and Hellenized Jews have three terms in common to refer to and designate song and singing: humnos, ōdē and psalmos and cognate forms of these. In the literature the terms and their cognates appear frequently, both in isolation and variously together. In the Septuagint (see below), for example, in 3 Maccabees, it is to be found that freed Jewish captives included ōdēn (6: 32), psalmois (6: 35) and humnois (7: 16b) in their celebratory singing. In the Greek New Testament, in Ephesians 5: 19 and Colossians 3: 16, the members of the Christian congregations to whom these letters are addressed are urged to sing psalmois, humnois and ōdais pneumatikais (‘psalms’, ‘hymns’ and ‘spiritual songs‘).
An Early Source of the English Keyboard Suite
Authors: Harley John
Published: January 2013

Lambeth Palace Library MS 1040 has received less attention than a companion volume, MS 1041 (inscribed ‘The Lady Ann Blount’ on the first leaf). Although there appears to be no musical connection between the two manuscripts, they have been together for a long time. The Library's old catalogues do not allow the volumes to be identified with certainty, but if ‘Two Musick Books’ refers to them they have been in the collection since at least the mid-eighteenth century.
Further British Materials in the Pre-War Music Collection of the Staats- Und Universitätsbibliothek, Hamburg
Authors: Charteris Richard
Published: January 2013

In a recent article, I surveyed the British music holdings of the Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Hamburg, prior to the Second World War; details of which derive from the nineteenth-century manuscript catalogue compiled by Arrey von Dommer (1828–1905)—see ‘The Music Collection of the Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Hamburg: A Survey of its British Holdings Prior to the Second World War’, RMA Research Chronicle, 30 (1997), 1–138. In addition, I also discussed the history of the collection and commented on its losses and recoveries. I have recently uncovered further British references, and it is with these that I am concerned here.
Officers and Office-Holding at the English Court: A Study of the Chapel Royal, 1485–1547
Authors: Kisby Fiona
Published: January 2013

There is an established literature on office-holding in the English royal household, which has focused on those members of the court involved in the royal body service and ceremonial; those associated with the domestic needs of the monarch, the royal family and widerdomusand those involved in its administration. Yet this mainly deals with the late seventeenth century and beyond; comparable detailed and comprehensive information on this particular aspect of court history for earlier periods has yet to appear in print. The courts of the Tudors have, for example, suffered in this respect. This is surprising, for recent historical scholarship has shown that far from ossifying into a purely domestic establishment as an older generation of scholars thought, the Tudor Court was rather of central importance in the political, administrative, religious and cultural history of sixteenth-century England. By that time the royaldomuswasthecentre of politics, patronage and power and access to the sovereign—the sole font of that power—and the ability to catch ‘either… [his/her] ear or… eye’ headed, to a large extent, the agenda of any ambitious courtier. A published investigation of the patterns and procedures of office-holding within this important institution is, therefore, long overdue.
Hugh Davis's Commonplace Book: A New Source of Seventeenth-Century Song
Authors: Mateer David
Published: January 2013

Among the Stafford family papers in Staffordshire Record Office is a small bundle of miscellaneous musical items which is as yet uncatalogued. There are incomplete sets of Richard Dering's Cantiones Sacrae (1617) and Cantica Sacra (1618) for five and six voices respectively, Giovanni Croce's Musica Sacra: To Sixe Voices (1611 edition), Agostino Agazzari's Madrigali a Cinque Voci (1602), George Kirbye's First Set of English Madrigalls (1597), and Thomas Watson's Italian Madrigalls Englished (1590), as well as the Abbé Duval's Principes de la musique pratique par demandes et par réponses (1764). The only manuscript item in the collection is a commonplace book that appears to have been compiled over a number of years by a certain Hugh Davis. Its varied contents range from songs, catches, poems, and Latin orations written in the early 1650s, to folk remedies for various ailments, extracts from Charles Butler's The Principles of Musik in Singing and Setting (1636), and a verbatim copy of James II's first Declaration of Indulgence of 4 April 1687. Although the first ten pieces have been torn out and those that remain are roughly and at times inaccurately notated, the manuscript is of interest in that it provides a rare insight into the musical and literary tastes of an undergraduate in mid-seventeenth-century Oxford, and preserves not only a number of hitherto unrecorded songs but also new sources of acknowledged works by such figures as Nicholas Lanier, John Wilson, Thomas Holmes and the Lawes brothers.
Unmasking ‘Thomas Tudway’: A New Identity for a Seventeenth-Century Windsor Copyist
Authors: Dexter Keri
Published: January 2013

Almost thirty years ago John Morehen noted the presence of a common hand in four important pre-Commonwealth sources of sacred music: Pembroke College, Cambridge MSS Mus. 6.1–6 (six part-books; hereafter Cpc 6.1–6); St George's Chapel, Windsor MSS 18–20 (three partbooks; WRch 18–20); British Library, Harley MS 4142 (a wordbook; Lbl Harl. 4142); and Christ Church, Oxford Mus. 1220–4 (five partbooks; Och 1220–4). All four sources appeared to date from the early 1640s. Morehen also observed that the same scribe subsequently copied the earliest post-Restoration part-books at Windsor (WRch 1 and 2). Identifying the copyist(s) is a crucial stage in the study of the sources, with important implications for provenance, date and function, as well as their authority relative to other sources of the period.
A Chester Organ Book in Tokyo
Authors: Spink Ian
Published: January 2013

As is well known, the Nanki Music Library, Tokyo, contains numerous prints and manuscripts of Purcell's music, not least an important copy ofDido and Aeneas.Once belonging to the Purcell scholar William H. Cummings (1831–1915), these were acquired at auction in 1917 by the Marquis Yorisada Tokugawa, who intended them to form part of a music foundation (including a concert hall destroyed in the earthquake of 1923). On Tokugawa's ‘economic failure’ in 1931 ownership passed to Mr Kyubei Ohki, and, since 1996, to his successor Mr Itaru Ohki. Between 1970 and 1979 the material was accessible to the public through the Tokyo Music Culture Centre, and some of the collection was put on microfilm (now held by the Kunitachi College of Music). The manuscripts, however, are still unavailable to scholars, other than on microfilm.
Handel's Ill Health: Documents and Diagnoses
Authors: Hunter David
Published: January 2013

The full range of George Frideric Handel's medical problems has not been adequately considered despite numerous specialist articles. Contemporary evidence used by previous writers is combined with new evidence from the correspondence of James Harris and other sources in a lengthy table arranged chronologically. The subsequent discussion focuses on four areas: obesity, binge-eating disorder, paralysis, and blindness. The likelihood that lead poisoning, probably from excessive consumption of wine and rich foods, caused the paralysis and blindness is explored in depth. The testing of bone or hair fragments is the only means of establishing a sure diagnosis, and that would require exhumation.
Piano Wars: The Legal Machinations of London Pianoforte Makers, 1795–1806
Authors: Bozarth George S. , Debenham Margaret , Cripps David
Published: January 2013

In the years 1801–6 a series of lawsuits were filed in various London courts involving many of England's top piano manufacturers. Swirling around a lawsuit by the Anglo-Irish piano inventor William Southwell against John and James Shudi Broadwood for infringement of his seminal 1794 patent were actions involving the opportunistic James Longman, his brother John Longman, his partner Francis Fane Broderip, and his successors, Muzio Clementi & Co., as well as George Astor, the firm of Culliford, Rolfe & Barrow, August Leukfeld, and George Wilkinson. In this article the authors reconstruct the issues and outcomes of these legal actions and their ramifications for William Southwell, who emerges as a victim of his own inventive success, and the nascent English piano industry. We draw upon the original court papers, as well as a family memoir of Southwell, the parish record of his burial in 1825, the 1802 partnership agreement of Southwell & Co., contemporary newspaper notices, prison records, apprenticeship records, the wills of several of the makers, and newly located original drawings and descriptions for patents by Southwell (1794) and his son, William junior (1837), held at The National Archives, Kew.
A Little-Known Source of Restoration Lyra-Viol and Keyboard Music: Surrey History Centre, Woking, LM/1083/91/35
Authors: Cunningham John , Woolley Andrew
Published: January 2013

This article presents a detailed account (provenance, codicology and contents) of Surrey History Centre, Woking, MS LM/1 083191/35, a late Restoration manuscript of lyra-viol and keyboard music. Originally from the papers of the More-Molyneux family of Loseley Park, LM/1083191135 is a source of otherwise unknown music by John Moss and Gerhard Diesineer. Two of the lyra-viol pieces in particular demonstrate that the Waking manuscript dates to at least 1687 or 1688, making it the latest known English source of viol music in tablature. The primary purpose of the manuscript seems to have been didactic. It was copied by a single scribe, who was evidently a musician actively engaged with the popular music and current political events of mid- to late-1680s London. LM/1083191/35 allows us a rare glimpse into the amateur musical world of 1680s London.
The Sale Catalogue of Gottfried Finger's Music Library: New Light on London Concert Life in the 1690s
Authors: Holman Peter
Published: January 2013

In the winter of 1704–5 Henry Playford advertised ‘a Choice Collection of Vocal and Instrumental Musick inItalian, French, andEnglish’ owned by Gottfried Finger and partly collected by him ‘in his Travels toItaly’. Finger had evidently sold the collection to Johann Gottfried Keller and John Banister junior prior to his abrupt departure from England in 1701 after coming last in the competition to set Congreve's masqueThe Judgement of Paris.The discovery of a copy of the printed catalogue throws light on Finger's collecting activities in Italy and on the reception of Italian music in England. It also includes a list of ‘Mr. Finger'sGreat Pieces for his Consort inYork-Buildings’, providing us with valuable new information about his concert activities in London in the 1690s, and about the size and composition of groups performing at York Buildings, London's first purpose-built concert hall. The list includes many pieces richly scored with brass, woodwind and strings, evidently performed with sizeable forces: most of the sets of parts are said to have been ‘Prick’d 3 times over’. It adds a number of new pieces to the catalogue of Finger's known compositions, and enables us to attribute to him an anonymous sonata for four recorders and continuo that was published in the twentieth century as by James Paisible.
A Catalogue of the Truly Valuable and Curious Library of Music Late in the Possession of Dr. William Boyce (1779): Transcription and Commentary
Authors: Bruce Robert J. , Johnstone H. Diack
Published: January 2013

The library of William Boyce is one of the most interesting eighteenth-century collections of music to be sold at auction (by James Christie in April 1779). Though only four copies of the sale catalogue survive, that still in the firm's archives provides both the names of the buyers and prices fetched. Among the items sold were a good many manuscripts and rare printed books whose present whereabouts are known; several of these have lot labels still attached to the original bindings. The main purpose of this article is to make this material readily available not only to musicologists, but also to bibliographers and others concerned with the history of libraries. Prefaced by an introductory essay and a section on the buyers, its central core is a diplomatic transcript of the sale catalogue itself together with copious notes on the contents of each lot. An index of composers and of buyers is also provided.
On Koszul duality for Kac-Moody groups
Authors: Bezrukavnikov Roman , Yun Zhiwei
Published: January 2013

For any Kac-Moody group

G
G

with Borel

B
B

, we give a monoidal equivalence between the derived category of

B
B

-equivariant mixed complexes on the flag variety

G

/

B

G/B

and (a certain completion of) the derived category of

G
∨

G^\vee

-monodromic mixed complexes on the enhanced flag variety

G
∨

/

U
∨

G^\vee /U^\vee

, here

G
∨

G^\vee

is the Langlands dual of

G
G

. We also prove variants of this equivalence, one of which is the equivalence between the derived category of

U
U

-equivariant mixed complexes on the partial flag variety

G

/

P

G/P

and a certain “Whittaker model” category of mixed complexes on

G
∨

/

B
∨

G^\vee /B^\vee

. In all these equivalences, intersection cohomology sheaves correspond to (free-monodromic) tilting sheaves. Our results generalize the Koszul duality patterns for reductive groups in [BGS96].
Human Adipose Stem Cells
Authors: Gir Phanette , Oni Georgette , Brown Spencer A. , Mojallal Ali , Rohrich Rod J.
Published: January 2013

Adipose-derived stem cells are multipotent cells that can easily be extracted from adipose tissue, are capable of expansion in vitro, and have the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, which have the potential for use in regenerative medicine. However, several issues need to be studied to determine safe human use. For example, there are questions related to isolation and purification of adipose-derived stem cells, their effect on tumor growth, and the enforcement of U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations. Numerous studies have been published, with the interest in the potential for regenerative medicine continually growing. Several clinical trials using human adipose stem cell therapy are currently being performed around the world, and there has been a rapid evolution and expansion of their number. The purpose of this article was to review the current published basic science evidence and ongoing clinical trials involving the use of adipose-derived stem cells in plastic surgery and in regenerative medicine in general. The results of the studies and clinical trials using adipose-derived stem cells reported in this review seem to be promising not only in plastic surgery but also in a wide variety of other specialties. Nevertheless, those reported showed disparity in the way adipose-derived stem cells were used. Further basic science experimental studies with standardized protocols and larger randomized trials need to be performed to ensure safety and efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells use in accordance with U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines.
The Tear Trough Ligament
Authors: Wong Chin-Ho , Hsieh Michael K. H. , Mendelson Bryan
Published: January 2013

Background:

The exact anatomical cause of the tear trough remains undefined. This study was performed to identify the anatomical basis for the tear trough deformity.

Methods:

Forty-eight cadaveric hemifaces were dissected. With the skin over the midcheek intact, the tear trough area was approached through the preseptal space above and prezygomatic space below. The origins of the palpebral and orbital parts of the orbicularis oculi (which sandwich the ligament) were released meticulously from the maxilla, and the tear trough ligament was isolated intact and in continuity with the orbicularis retaining ligament. The ligaments were submitted for histologic analysis.

Results:

A true osteocutaneous ligament called the tear trough ligament was consistently found on the maxilla, between the palpebral and orbital parts of the orbicularis oculi, cephalad and caudal to the ligament, respectively. It commences medially, at the level of the insertion of the medial canthal tendon, just inferior to the anterior lacrimal crest, to approximately the medial-pupil line, where it continues laterally as the bilayered orbicularis retaining ligament. Histologic evaluation confirmed the ligamentous nature of the tear trough ligament, with features identical to those of the zygomatic ligament.

Conclusions:

This study clearly demonstrated that the prominence of the tear trough has its anatomical origin in the tear trough ligament. This ligament has not been isolated previously using standard dissection, but using the approach described, the tear trough ligament is clearly seen. The description of this ligament sheds new light on considerations when designing procedures to address the tear trough and the midcheek.
Two-Stage Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction Using AlloDerm Including Outcomes of Different Timings of Radiotherapy
Authors: Spear Scott L. , Seruya Mitchel , Rao Samir S. , Rottman Steven , Stolle Ellen , Cohen Michael , Rose Kirsten M. , Parikh Pranay M. , Nahabedian Maurice Y.
Published: January 2013

Background:

The authors compared the outcomes of two-stage, acellular dermal matrix (AlloDerm)-assisted prosthetic breast reconstruction including different timings of radiotherapy.

Methods:

A review of two-stage, AlloDerm-assisted, prosthetic breast reconstructions from 2004 to 2010 was performed. All data were recorded prospectively and the study population was stratified by the timing of radiotherapy. Complications were analyzed following first- and second-stage reconstruction. The Spear-Baker classification of capsular contracture was modified for irradiated devices. Reconstructive failure was defined as nonelective removal of a breast prosthesis.

Results:

AlloDerm-assisted prosthetic reconstruction was performed in 289 women (428 breasts). After first-stage reconstruction, clinically significant capsular contracture rates (grade III/IV) were higher in the radiation therapy during expansion group and in the radiation therapy before mastectomy group compared with the no–radiation therapy group. Three hundred fifty-three breasts (85.9 percent) successfully underwent second-stage reconstruction, with a median follow-up of 15.2 months. Of those 353 breasts, clinically significant capsular contracture (grade III/IV) was highest in the radiation therapy during expansion group. More often than in the other groups, the radiation therapy during expansion group failed two-stage reconstruction and required flaps in addition or as replacement.

Conclusions:

In AlloDerm-assisted prosthetic breast reconstruction, irradiated devices demonstrated higher rates of clinically significant capsular contracture following the first stage. These rates declined considerably on completion of reconstruction, with prostheses irradiated during expansion still having the highest frequency of clinically significant capsular contracture. With the follow-up reported, irradiated devices failed breast reconstruction less frequently and required autologous tissue less often than has been historically reported without acellular dermal matrix.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, III.
Preoperative Computed Tomographic Angiography of Both Donor and Recipient Sites for Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Kim Hyungsuk , Lim So-Young , Pyon Jai-Kyong , Bang Sa-Ik , Oh Kap Sung , Mun Goo-Hyun
Published: January 2013

Background:

Computed tomographic angiography is widely used for obtaining vascular information about the abdominal donor site for microsurgical breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to report the authors' experience using preoperative computed tomographic angiography of both donor and recipient sites for a series of microsurgical breast reconstruction procedures.

Methods:

A total of 71 patients preparing for autologous breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps underwent preoperative computed tomographic angiography with scanned fields ranging from the clavicle to the pubic symphysis. Preoperative evaluation included computed tomography–based anatomy of the intercostal space, the internal mammary artery and vein, and the internal mammary artery perforator to determine which intercostal space was to be approached. The volume of the breast and the volume of the abdominal flap were calculated using computed tomography–based volumetry.

Results:

In 67 patients, the internal mammary vessel was exposed expeditiously at the preoperatively designated intercostal space by the rib-sparing technique. The design of flaps, including vascular pedicles, was accomplished with the aid of the computed tomography–based volumetric ratio (mean, 0.64) between the breast and abdominal flaps of patients. The volumetric ratio ultimately correlated with the ratio of the weight of the actual flap inset to the harvested flap weight (mean, 0.63).

Conclusions:

Preoperative computed tomographic angiography of both donor and recipient sites provides valuable information for planning and executing microsurgical breast reconstruction. Computed tomography–based anatomy and volumetry facilitate the approach to recipient vessels and harvest of free DIEP flaps.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Diagnostic, IV.
Take Two and Text Me in the Morning
Authors: Rao Roshni , Shukla Bivek M. , Saint-Cyr Michel , Rao Madhu , Teotia Sumeet S.
Published: January 2013

Background:

Despite the widespread availability and convenience of short messaging systems, there has been limited adoption of this technology into the medical setting. Resistance may be attributable, in part, to the perceived lack of clinical benefit, privacy concerns, and a lack of physician compensation. This study evaluates the impact of a short messaging system clinical protocol between surgeons and patients. The endpoints evaluated were number of clinic visits, telephone calls, and days to surgical drain removal.

Methods:

Retrospective review identified 102 procedure-matched patients who underwent breast reconstruction for an oncologic diagnosis. A short messaging system protocol was routinely used by one of the two study surgeons. Data collected included demographics, pathologic findings, procedures, complications, clinic visits, clinic telephone calls, days until drain removal, and episode of drain removal.

Results:

The two groups were well-matched for age, procedure, race, complications, and pathologic findings. Patients in the short messaging system clinical protocol had statistically fewer clinic visits within the first 30 days (p = 0.0004) and 90 days (p = 0.017) postoperatively. There were fewer clinic telephone calls in the messaging group (p = 0.0002). The short messaging system protocol allowed for fewer days until drain removal (9.67 ± 0 .41 versus 12.45 ± 1.02, p = 0.013). Patients in the messaging group were more likely to undergo drain removal at the first clinic visit.

Conclusions:

Benefits of a short messaging system protocol included reduced number of clinic visits, fewer overall days of drain requirement, and increased efficiency of clinic visits. Concerns regarding physician privacy, compensation, and time need to be addressed before further application of this technology.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, III.
Measuring Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction in Facial Paralysis Patients
Authors: Ho Adelyn L. , Scott Amie M. , Klassen Anne F. , Cano Stefan J. , Pusic Andrea L. , Van Laeken Nancy
Published: January 2013

Background:

Incomplete recovery from facial nerve damage has functional deficits and significant social and psychological consequences. To evaluate the success of surgical and nonsurgical interventions in facial paralysis patients, patient satisfaction and impact on quality of life should be considered. The objective of this study is to identify existing patient-reported outcome instruments that measure quality-of-life outcomes in the facial paralysis population.

Methods:

A systematic review of the English-language literature was performed to identify patient-reported outcome instruments that have been developed and validated for use in facial paralysis patients. Each qualifying measure was evaluated for content and psychometric properties, as outlined by international recommended guidelines for item generation, item reduction, and psychometric evaluation.

Results:

From 598 articles, 28 questionnaires assessing facial paralysis were identified. Only three questionnaires satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria: the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale, the Facial Disability Index, and a questionnaire developed to study aberrant facial nerve regeneration. Although these patient-reported outcome instruments show evidence of development and validation, no measures satisfy all instrument development and validation guidelines. All instruments were limited in domains that address self-perception of facial appearance and procedure-related symptoms or satisfaction.

Conclusions:

Although instruments are available for measuring outcomes with respect to facial function, there are few instruments developed to specifically evaluate the impact of facial paralysis on quality of life. To quantify treatment outcomes of facial paralysis patients, future research to develop and validate a new patient-reported outcome instrument is needed.
Experience with 60 Adult Patients with Facial Paralysis Secondary to Tumor Extirpation
Authors: Terzis Julia K. , Konofaos Petros
Published: January 2013

Background:

The aim of this study was to present the authors' experience with facial reanimation in adult patients following tumor extirpation and to analyze the functional outcomes.

Methods:

From 1978 to 2006, 60 adult patients underwent facial reanimation for facial paralysis following tumor extirpation. There was one patient with bilateral facial paralysis. Thus, evaluation was carried out in 61 hemifaces. Three independent assessors evaluated the preoperative and postoperative videos using the Terzis grading scale for eye closure, smile, depressor, and overall aesthetic and functional outcomes. Preoperative and postoperative electromyographic interpretations and the effect of demographic variables were also evaluated.

Results:

There was significant improvement regarding preoperative versus postoperative outcomes for overall aesthesis and function. Good and excellent results were observed in 72.14 percent of the hemifaces (n = 44). The difference between preoperative and postoperative electromyographic results was of statistical significance (p < 0.0001) for each target reinnervated. Better results were observed in younger patients (≤35 years) (p = 0.023) and in early cases (p = 0.019).

Conclusions:

The results of this present series illustrate that age and denervation time correlate with the final functional outcome. Cross-facial nerve grafts should ideally be used in patients with denervation time less than 6 months or more than 2 years combined with muscle transfers. In patients with a denervation time between 6 months and 2 years, the use of the babysitter procedure can yield a superior outcome.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, IV.
A Systematic Review of Complication and Recurrence Rates of Musculocutaneous, Fasciocutaneous, and Perforator-Based Flaps for Treatment of Pressure Sores
Authors: Sameem Mojib , Au Michael , Wood Thomas , Farrokhyar Forough , Mahoney James
Published: January 2013

Background:

Management of pressure sores poses a significant reconstructive challenge for plastic surgeons. Currently, there is no consensus on whether musculocutaneous, fasciocutaneous, or perforator-based flaps provide superior results for treating pressure sores.

Methods:

The following databases were searched: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS (January of 1950 to November of 2010), MEDLINE (January of 1950 to November of 2010), and EMBASE (January of 1980 to November of 2010). Only articles reporting on the use of musculocutaneous, fasciocutaneous, and perforator-based flaps were included. The primary study outcomes were complication and recurrence rates.

Results:

Fifty-five articles were included in the final analysis (kappa = 0.78). From this total, 28 were categorized as pertaining to musculocutaneous flaps, 13 studied fasciocutaneous flaps, and 14 evaluated perforator-based flaps. The authors' review revealed recurrence and complication rates of 8.9 and 18.6 percent, respectively, following reconstruction with musculocutaneous flaps, 11.2 and 11.7 percent following reconstruction with fasciocutaneous flaps, and 5.6 and 19.6 percent following reconstruction with perforator-based flaps. Overall, statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in complication or recurrence rates among these three techniques.

Conclusions:

The authors' review revealed that there was no statistically significant difference with regard to recurrence or complication rates among musculocutaneous, fasciocutaneous, or perforator-based flaps. This suggests that surgeons performing such reconstructive procedures may choose to consider the advantages of a specific approach rather than the complication and recurrence rates.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, IV.
Acellular Dermal Matrix in Cleft Palate Repair
Authors: Aldekhayel Salah A. , Sinno Hani , Gilardino Mirko S.
Published: January 2013

Background:

The repair of wide cleft palates and secondary palatal fistulas remains a challenge for pediatric plastic surgeons. To reduce the incidence of fistulization, use of acellular dermal matrix to facilitate closure has been reported in the literature. A review of the literature was performed to assess whether sufficient evidence exists to recommend the routine use of acellular dermal matrix for either primary palatoplasty or secondary palatal fistula repair.

Methods:

A literature search for the period between 1970 and 2011 was performed. All articles with clinical application of acellular dermal matrix in primary palatoplasty or palatal fistula repair were included. Data were analyzed using weighted averages to compare fistula rates between repairs performed with and without acellular dermal matrix (historical controls) for each repair type (primary versus secondary fistula repairs).

Results:

Four studies examined the use of acellular dermal matrix in primary palatoplasty (n = 92) with a mean cleft width of 14.2 mm. The overall fistula rate was 5.4 percent compared with 10.6 percent in the non–acellular dermal matrix historical control group. Five studies used acellular dermal matrix in palatal fistula repair (n = 74). The overall recurrent fistula rate was 8.1 percent compared with 12.9 percent in the historical control group.

Conclusions:

Based on the available data, the results imply that acellular dermal matrix may have a potential benefit in reducing fistula formation/persistence in palate surgery. However, the authors did not find sufficient prospective randomized (level II or better) evidence to recommend the routine use of acellular dermal matrix for cleft palate repair.
Updating the Concepts on Neck Lift and Lower Third of the Face
Authors: de Castro Claudio Cardoso , Aboudib Jose Horacio , Roxo Ana Claudia Weck
Published: January 2013

Background:

When planning a face lift, the surgeon must keep in mind that signs of aging vary depending on the patient's age, skin quality, bony structure, and muscle tone. The deformities must be evaluated individually to determine the best treatment.

Methods:

The purpose of this article is to discuss the surgical and philosophical aspects of the treatment of the lower third of the face and neck, based on the authors' experience of 40 years. A review of 1500 patients who were operated on in a private clinic and in the Hospital of the Rio de Janeiro State University was conducted to evaluate the different aspects of deformities and their treatments.

Results:

In the majority of patients, the authors open the neck and treat the platysma muscle. Subplatysmal fat is removed with care, only in the midline. The authors do not perform any procedures on the submandibular glands or the digastric muscles. The authors do perform superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) dissection and SMASectomy in the majority of cases, with plication only in thin patients. Many procedures have been described for facial rejuvenation. Most of them aim for a good aesthetic result with a short recovery period. In the authors' experience, the best results are accomplished in a young patient with thin skin.

Conclusion:

Although the surgeon selects treatments for patients based on their deformities, it must be kept in mind that treatments must be selected to satisfy the patient's needs and preferences.
Economic Analysis of Screening Strategies for Rupture of Silicone Gel Breast Implants
Authors: Chung Kevin C. , Malay Sunitha , Shauver Melissa J. , Kim H. Myra
Published: January 2013

Background:

In 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommended screening of all women with silicone gel breast implants with magnetic resonance imaging 3 years after implantation and every 2 years thereafter to assess their integrity. The cost for these serial examinations over the lifetime of the breast implants is an added burden to insurance payers and to women. The authors performed an economic analysis to determine optimal screening strategies by considering the diagnostic accuracy of the screening tests, costs of the tests, and subsequent implant removal.

Methods:

The authors determined aggregate/pooled values for sensitivity and specificity of the screening tests of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in detecting silicone breast implant ruptures from the data obtained from published literature. They compiled costs, based on Medicare reimbursements for 2011, for the following elements: imaging modalities, anesthesia, and three surgical treatment options for detected ruptures. A decision tree was used to compare three alternate screening strategies of ultrasound only, magnetic resonance imaging only, and ultrasound followed by magnetic resonance in asymptomatic and symptomatic women.

Results:

The cost per rupture of screening and management of rupture with ultrasound in asymptomatic women was $1090; in symptomatic women, it was $1622. A similar cost for magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic women was $2067; in symptomatic women it was $2143. A similar cost for ultrasound followed by imaging in asymptomatic women was $637; in symptomatic women, it was $2908.

Conclusion:

Screening with ultrasound followed by magnetic resonance imaging was optimal for asymptomatic women, and screening with ultrasound was optimal for symptomatic women.