bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor Cell‐Intrinsic CD96 Mediates Chemoresistance and Cancer Stemness by Regulating Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β‐Oxidation
Authors: Li Jiang , Xia Qidong , Di Can , Li Chunni , Si Hang , Zhou Boxuan , Yu Shubin , Li Yihong , Huang Jingying , Lu Yiwen , Huang Min , Liang Huixin , Liu Xinwei , Zhao Qiyi
Published: December 2022

Targeting CD96 that originates in immune cells has shown potential for cancer therapy. However, the role of intrinsic CD96 in solid tumor cells remains unknown. Here, it is found that CD96 is frequently expressed in tumor cells from clinical breast cancer samples and is correlated with poor long‐term prognosis in these patients. The CD96+ cancer cell subpopulations exhibit features of both breast cancer stem cells and chemoresistance. In vivo inhibition of cancer cell‐intrinsic CD96 enhances the chemotherapeutic response in a patient‐derived tumor xenograft model. Mechanistically, CD96 enhances mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation via the CD155‐CD96‐Src‐Stat3‐Opa1 pathway, which subsequently promotes chemoresistance in breast cancer stem cells. A previously unknown role is identified for tumor cell‐intrinsic CD96 and an attractive target in improving the chemotherapeutic response.
Morphologically Controlled Efficient Air‐Processed Organic Solar Cells from Halogen‐Free Solvent System
Authors: Rasool Shafket , Kim Jae Won , Cho Hye Won , Kim Ye‐Jin , Lee Dong Chan , Park Chan Beom , Lee Woojin , Kwon Oh‐Hoon , Cho Shinuk , Kim Jin Young
Published: December 2022

Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of glove‐box (GB) processed, two‐component, single‐junction organic solar cells (OSCs) have recently exceeded 18%. However, their mass‐scale manufacture using roll‐to‐roll (R2R) coating techniques is impracticable if they must be fabricated in an air‐free environment. From a commercialization perspective, efficient air‐processed OSCs are of much greater interest than GB‐processed devices since the vast majority of R2R‐manufacturing infrastructure is designed to operate in the air. Herein, it is reported that controlling the crystallinity of non‐fullerene acceptors plays a key role in determining the properties of blend films. Notably, Y6‐hu (a Y6‐derivative) is shown to exhibits a higher degree of crystallinity when processed in air. Air‐processed OSCs show an outstanding PCE of 17.38%, which, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the highest PCE yet reported for two‐component‐based OSCs processed in air using halogen‐free solvents. Moreover, opaque large‐area OSC sub‐modules with PCEs of 12.44%, and red‐green‐blue colored semi‐transparent OSC sub‐modules with PCEs of >10% are demonstrated. By understanding how morphological features relate to the charge‐generation dynamics of air‐processed OSCs, a new window is opened for the fabrication of efficient and stable air‐processable organic electronics.
Impact of laparoscopic gastrectomy on long‐term prognosis of patients with primary T3 or more advanced gastric cancer: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Matsui Ryota , Inaki Noriyuki , Tsuji Toshikatsu
Published: December 2022

Background

There is no consensus regarding a better long‐term prognosis with laparoscopic gastrectomy than with open surgery in patients with advanced gastric cancer, especially in patients with T3 or more advanced gastric cancer. We investigated the impact of laparoscopic gastrectomy on the long‐term prognosis of patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for primary T3 or more advanced gastric cancer.

Methods

This single‐center, retrospective cohort study included 294 consecutive patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for primary T3 or more advanced gastric cancer from April 2008 through April 2017. We compared overall survival between laparoscopic and open surgery, using propensity score matching to adjust for baseline characteristics. We also investigated prognostic factors for overall survival by a forward stepwise procedure of Cox proportional hazards regression for multivariate analysis.

Results

There were 136 (46.3%) and 158 (53.7%) patients in the laparoscopy and open groups, respectively. The median follow‐up period was 39 mo. After matching, there were 97 patients in each group, with no significant differences in background characteristics. After matching, the overall survival was significantly worse in the open group than in the laparoscopy group (P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses also showed that open surgery was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio: 2.160, 95% concordance interval: 1.365–3.419, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Overall survival may be better with laparoscopic gastrectomy than with open surgery for patients with primary T3 or more advanced gastric cancer.
Late‐stage C−H Functionalization of Tryptophan‐Containing Peptides with Thianthrenium Salts: Conjugation and Ligation
Authors: Kaplaneris Nikolaos , Puet Alejandro , Kallert Felix , Pöhlmann Julia , Ackermann Lutz
Published: December 2022

Bioorthogonal late‐stage diversification of structurally complex peptides bears enormous potential for drug discovery and molecular imaging, among other applications. Herein, we report on a palladium‐catalyzed C−H arylation of tryptophan‐containing peptides with readily accessible and modular arylthianthrenium salts. Under exceedingly mild reaction conditions, the late‐stage diversification of structurally complex peptides was accomplished. The tunability and ease of preparation of arylthianthrenium salts allowed the expedient stitching of tryptophan‐containing peptides with drug, natural product, and peptidic scaffolds by forging sterically congested biaryl linkages. The robustness of the palladium catalysis regime was reflected by the full tolerance of a plethora of sensitive and coordinating functional groups. Hence, our manifold enabled efficient access to highly decorated, labelled, conjugated, and ligated linear and cyclic peptides.
Extraction and properties of proteins in covercress™, new pennycress varieties developed as cover crop and alternative plant protein source
Authors: Hojilla‐Evangelista Milagros P. , Evangelista Roque L. , Selling Gordon W. , Ulmasov Tim
Published: December 2022

Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is a winter oilseed crop that also functions as cover crop, oil feedstock for biofuel, and novel plant‐based protein. New pennycress specialty varieties were developed by conventional breeding techniques, but protein chemical and functional traits are still unknown. This research evaluated three new lines (black‐seeded B3 and yellow‐seeded TTG1/Y1126 and TT8) for protein extractability and functionality. Seeds were ground cryogenically and then hexane‐defatted until residual oil content was 0.5%–0.7% dry basis, db. Protein in defatted seed meals was extracted using saline method (1: 10 wt/vol, 0.1 M NaCl, 2 h, 50°C). TT8 and Y1126 had greater protein recoveries (ca. 50%) than those of B3 (36%) and wild‐type pennycress (WTP, 40%). TT8 produced higher purity protein isolate (94.3%) than did Y1126 (75.0%) and B3 (71.3%). TT8 and Y1126 protein band patterns were different from WTP and B3, reflecting varietal changes. The new varieties' protein extracts were more soluble than WTP protein in acidic pH, with TT8 showing the highest solubility (81%–93%). TT8, Y1126 and B3 foaming capacities (113–135 ml) were superior to those of WTP (101–107 ml). Emulsification properties (EAI 95–230 m2/g protein, ESI 13–24 min) were similar and increased with pH. B3, Y1126, and TT8 formed heat‐induced gels at much lower concentration than did WTP (3% vs. 6%) and their water‐holding capacities (pH 7) were two to fivefold greater. This work demonstrated that mutations in the TTG1 or TT8 gene in yellow‐seeded lines resulted in improved protein recoveries and functionalities that are desirable in plant‐based proteins.
Poly(β‐hydroxythioether)s as shape memory polymer foams for oil sorption in aquatic environments
Authors: Guggenbiller Grant , Al Balushi Ali , Weems Andrew C.
Published: December 2022

Oil spills in aquatic environments represent a significant ongoing threat to aquatic life due to the persistence of oil films or slick. While many methods are available for open ocean waterways, interior waterways represent a different set of challenges. To that end, we propose the use of poly(β‐hydroxythioether) (PBHTE) shape memory polymer foams as a highly porous, low density solid for environmental remediation through oil collection. PBHTE foams are produced through thiol‐epoxy “click” reactions in the presence of an organobase, with gas blown foaming producing the highly porous scaffold with tunable pore sizes and salt‐leaching yielding smaller pore sizes (~400 μm). The different porosities are used here for studying the oil sorption as functions of time and environmental temperature for different pore sizes and compositions. The PBHTE material demonstrated two different Tgs when dry versus wet to compare against environmental differences. While dry the foam showed a Tgof 51.5°C and conversely when wet the Tgwas at 25°C. The foams were compared to see how the pore size will affect the oil sorption of the material and how it can be optimized for oil spills in interior water ways. The pore sizes analyzed were 400 μm, 800 μm, and 1100 μm. The relationship of pore size, temperature of the oil system during sorption, and time in the oil system seemed to have the largest impact on the sorption of oil during this study. The peak conditions for maximum oil sorption yielded the best performer being the 800 μm foam at 10°C after 15 h of sorption yielding a 2250% sorption, comparable with graphene and other low density sorption materials. Ultimately, the role of density in scavenging, along with a literature review, is used to assemble a density vs sorption Ashby chart to provide insight into the different materials available for such environmental remediation. In this context, PBHTE foams represent a new, promising class of material capable of absorbing oil in aquatic environments.
Sulfonate betaine modifiedPVDF/SiO2composite electrolyte for solid state lithium ion battery
Authors: Hou Hongying , Huang Baoxiang , Yu Xiaohua , Lan Jian , Chen Fangshu
Published: December 2022

High thermal stability, mechanical property and electrochemical stability of polyvinylidene fluorid (PVDF) make it a promising solid electrolyte polymer matrix. However, it also faces some challenges such as low ionic conductivity, high crystallinity degree and the absence of reactive groups. Herein, PVDF powder was modified by chemical grafting amphiprotic sulfonate betaine (SB) for solid electrolyte (SB‐PVDF) with high ionic conductivity and chemical stability. Furthermore, to improve the mechanical property and reduce the crystallinity degree of SB‐PVDF, 3%, 6% and 9% SiO2nanospheres were also incorporated into SB‐PVDF, and the resultant composite polymer solid electrolytes were marked as 3% SiO2/SB‐PVDF, 6% SiO2/SB‐PVDF, 9% SiO2/SB‐PVDF. The results showed that 6% SiO2/SB‐PVDF membrane exhibited the best overall performances, possibly due to the synergistic effect of amphiprotic SB modification and uniform dispersion of SiO2filler in PVDF matrix. For example, the solid‐state battery Li//6%SiO2/SB‐PVDF//LiFePO4delivered the initial discharge capacity of 153.0 mAh/g at 0.2 C and the reversible discharge capacity of 124.4 mAh/g at 1.0 C with the capacity retention rate of 93.8%, indicating high feasibility for solid‐state lithium ion battery.
Projections from LIM homeobox 6 (Lhx6) + zona incerta neurons to the cholinergic or monoaminergic nuclei of the rat
Authors: Oh Sung‐Gyoon , Lee Eun‐Yeup , Lee Hyun‐Sook
Published: December 2022

A recent report suggested that LIM homeobox 6 (Lhx6) + GABA‐releasing neurons of the ventral zona incerta (VZI) promote sleep, particularly paradoxical sleep (PS). While their potential involvement in sleep still needs to be firmly confirmed, little is known about their specific input/output connections with widespread brain regions, including those involved in sleep. Thus, the present study was designed to examine whether Lhx6‐expressing neurons (in parallel to intermingled MCH‐expressing ones) may send efferent projections to cholinergic and/or monoaminergic nuclei from basal forebrain (BF) to brainstem (BS). Based on the present observations, the proportions of Lhx6+ neuronal projection to the BF and BS cholinergic nuclei over the total number of Lhx6+ VZI cells were approximately 5.9% and 6.9%, respectively. Likewise, the proportions of Lhx6+ neuronal projection to the dorsal raphe and locus coeruleus over the total number of Lhx6+ VZI cells were about 4.3% and 3.9%, respectively. In addition, Lhx6+ cells projecting to the cholinergic or monoaminergic nuclei were scattered along the entire dorsal‐to‐ventral extent of the VZI. Based on the present as well as our previous observations, it is suggested that Lhx6+ VZI neurons might play an important role in the regulation of PS, partly via the neural network involving the cholinergic as well as monoaminergic nuclei of the rat.
Evolution of gliding in squirrel‐related rodents (Mammalia: Sciuromorpha) did not induce a new optimum on the cortical thickness of the scapular glenoid fossa
Authors: Berghäuser Timo , Nyakatura John A. , Wölfer Jan
Published: December 2022

Many of the squirrel‐related rodents (i.e., Sciuromorpha) are tree‐dwelling species known to be very agile climbers. This taxon also includes the most diverse clade of gliding (aerial) mammals that likely descended from a non‐gliding arboreal ancestor and evolved a patagium (i.e., a gliding membrane) to increase gliding performance. Glides can cover distances of up to 150 m and landing is typically accomplished by stalling the patagium to reduce impact velocity. It remains unclear if this behavior suffices to keep stresses on the locomotor apparatus similar to those experienced by their arboreal relatives or whether gliding behavior increases landing forces and stresses. The sparsely available support reaction force data are ambiguous, but bone microstructure is highly adaptable to changes in loading regime and likely provides insights into this question. Using μCT scans, we compared the cortical thickness of the glenoid fossa of the shoulder joint between arboreal and aerial Sciuromorpha using evolutionary model comparison, while also accounting for regional differences of the glenoid fossa. We did not find any differences between these locomotor behaviors, irrespective of the glenoid region. These findings agree with previous analyses of the microstructure of the femur in Sciuromorpha. We discuss different aspects that could explain the similarity in cortical thickness. According to our analysis of glenoid cortical thickness the loading regime appears not to have changed after the evolution of gliding locomotion, likely due to adjustments in landing performance.
Application of SERS in In‐Vitro Biomedical Detection
Authors: Chen Yunfan , An Qi , Teng Kaixuan , Liu Chao , Sun Fuwei , Li Guangtao
Published: December 2022

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), as a rapid and nondestructive biological detection method, holds great promise for clinical on spot and early diagnosis. In order to address the challenging demands of on spot detection of biomedical samples, a variety of strategies has been developed. These strategies include substrate structural and component engineering, data processing techniques, as well as combination with other analytical methods. This report summarizes the recent SERS developments for biomedical detection, and their promising applications in cancer detection, virus or bacterial infection detection, miscarriage spotting, neurological disease screening et al. The first part discusses the frequently used SERS substrate component and structures, the second part reports on the detection strategies for nucleic acids, proteins, bacteria, and virus, the third part summarizes their promising applications in clinical detection in a variety of illnesses, and the forth part reports on recent development of SERS in combination with other analytical techniques. The special merits, challenges, and perspectives are discussed in both introduction and conclusion sections.
Shortening the biologics clinical timeline with a novel method for generating stable, high‐producing cell pools and clones
Authors: Hall Chad A. , Kravitz Rachel H. , Johnson Karl F. , Sanek Nicholas A. , Maiti Payel , Ziemba Keith R. , Liu Jia , Andreev Dmitri O. , Chrostowski Victoria L. , Collins Ian J. , Bleck Gregory T.
Published: December 2022

Reducing drug development timelines is an industry‐wide goal to bring medicines to patients in need more quickly. This was exemplified in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic where reducing development timelines had a direct impact on the number of lives lost to the disease. The use of drug substances produced using cell pools, as opposed to clones, has the potential to shorten development timelines. Toward this goal, we have developed a novel technology, GPEx® Lightning, that allows for rapid, reproducible, targeted recombination of transgenes into more than 200 Dock sites in the Chinese hamster ovary cell line genome. This allows for rapid production of high‐expressing stable cell pools and clones that reach titers of 4–12 g/l in generic fed‐batch production. These pools and clones are highly stable in both titer and glycosylation, showing strong similarities in glycosylation profiles.
Dizziness in a tertiary neurological department: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shen Youjin , Liu Wentao , Qi Xiaokun
Published: December 2022

Background and objective

Dizziness is a common and challenging symptom, which can be caused by different pathophysiological mechanisms and might affect a large number of population. However, up to now, there have been limited research on the characteristics of dizziness as the chief complaint in hospitalized patients in the Department of Neurology. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the hospitalized patients with dizziness as their chief complaint in the Department of Neurology.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we conducted a retrospective document analysis of hospitalized patients admitted to a tertiary neurological department with the symptom of dizziness during the period of September 2019 to December 2020. We included 211 patients with dizziness as their chief complaint from 1841 patients admitted to this tertiary neurological department during that period.

Results

Of all 1841 hospitalized patients, those with dizziness as the chief complaint accounted for 11.5% and most of their past medical history included hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease. Among these 211 patients, dizziness was more common in women than in men (p = .004). More patients presented with vertigo (40.8%) and light‐headedness (39.8%) than disequilibrium (17.1%) and pre‐syncope (2.4%). Nausea (48.3%), vomiting (34.1%), headache (13.3%), walking unsteadily (13.3%), and ear symptoms (12.8%) were the most common concomitant symptoms. Dix‐Hallpike test (24.6%) and Romberg's sign (11.4%) were positive in these dizzy patients. Nystagmus (2.4%), vision changes (1.4%), and hearing disorders (8.5%) were relatively rare symptoms. Common auxiliary examinations were performed, such as magnetic resonance imaging (60.2%), computed tomography (31.8%), carotid duplex ultrasound (30.8%), and echocardiography (28.0%). Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (24.2%) and stroke/transient ischemic attack (19.0%) were confirmed to be common causes of dizziness. Note that 97.2% of dizzy patients were in improved recovery after treatment.

Conclusion

The diagnosis and management of dizziness remain a challenge for clinicians. Vertigo and light‐headedness were the most common symptoms among different types of dizziness. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and stroke/transient ischemic attack were among the leading causes for common dizziness disorders. The prognosis of most dizzy patients was good.
Microsampling tools for collecting, processing, and storing blood at the point‐of‐care
Authors: Baillargeon Keith R. , Mace Charles R.
Published: December 2022

In the wake of the COVID‐19 global pandemic, self‐administered microsampling tools have reemerged as an effective means to maintain routine healthcare assessments without inundating hospitals or clinics. Finger‐stick collection of blood is easily performed at home, in the workplace, or at the point‐of‐care, obviating the need for a trained phlebotomist. While the initial collection of blood is facile, the diagnostic or clinical utility of the sample is dependent on how the sample is processed and stored prior to transport to an analytical laboratory. The past decade has seen incredible innovation for the development of new materials and technologies to collect low‐volume samples of blood with excellent precision that operate independently of the hematocrit effect. The final application of that blood (i.e., the test to be performed) ultimately dictates the collection and storage approach as certain materials or chemical reagents can render a sample diagnostically useless. Consequently, there is not a single microsampling tool that is capable of addressing every clinical need at this time. In this review, we highlight technologies designed for patient‐centric microsampling blood at the point‐of‐care and discuss their utility for quantitative sampling as a function of collection material and technique. In addition to surveying methods for collecting and storing whole blood, we emphasize the need for direct separation of the cellular and liquid components of blood to produce cell‐free plasma to expand clinical utility. Integrating advanced functionality while maintaining simple user operation presents a viable means of revolutionizing self‐administered microsampling, establishing new avenues for innovation in materials science, and expanding access to healthcare.
A scoping review on the trends of digital anatomy education
Authors: Adnan Sharmeen , Xiao Junhua
Published: December 2022

Digital technologies are changing the landscape of anatomy education. To reveal the trend of digital anatomy education across medical science disciplines, searches were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE bibliographic databases for research articles published from January 2010 to June 2021 (inclusive). The search was restricted to publications written in English language and to articles describing teaching tools in undergraduate and postgraduate anatomy and pre‐vocational clinical anatomy training courses. Among 156 included studies across six health disciplines, 35% used three‐dimensional (3D) digital printing tools, 24.2% augmented reality (AR), 22.3% virtual reality (VR), 11.5% web‐based programs, and 4.5% tablet‐based apps. There was a clear discipline‐dependent preference in the choice and employment of digital anatomy education. AR and VR were the more commonly adopted digital tools for medical and surgical anatomy education, while 3D printing is more broadly used for nursing, allied health and dental health education compared to other digital resources. Digital modalities were predominantly adopted for applied interactive anatomy education and primarily in advanced anatomy curricula such as regional anatomy and neuroanatomy. Moreover, there was a steep increase in VR anatomy combining digital simulation for surgical anatomy training. There is a consistent increase in the adoption of digital modalities in anatomy education across all included health disciplines. AR and VR anatomy incorporating digital simulation will play a more prominent role in medical education of the future. Combining multimodal digital resources that supports blended and interactive learning will further modernize anatomy education, moving medical education further away from its didactic history.
MicroRNA 200a as a histologically independent marker for meningioma recurrence: Results of a four microRNA panel analysis in meningiomas
Authors: Urbschat Steffi , Landau Benjamin , Bewersdorf Nina‐Christin , Schuster Celine , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Schulz‐Schaeffer Walter J. , Oertel Joachim , Ketter Ralf
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Meningiomas are mostly benign neoplasms of the central nervous system. Nevertheless there are recurrences in about 20% after surgical resection. Previous studies could reveal several predictors of meningioma recurrence. Tumor progression often is associated with a specific pattern of chromosome losses. Our study investigated the potential function of selected microRNAs as markers of tumor progression.

Methods

By real‐time polymerase chain reaction the expressions of microRNA 21‐3p, 34a‐3p, 200a‐3p, and 409‐3p were analyzed in solid tumor and in blood samples of 51 meningioma patients as well as in blood samples of 20 healthy individuals. Additionally, aberrations of parts of chromosomes 1, 14, 18, and 22 were analyzed by FISH. Tumor and blood samples were statistically analyzed, using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient as well as Mann–Whitney U‐ and Kruskal–Wallis‐Test.

Results

MicroRNA 200a showed significantly lower expressions in recurrent meningiomas than in newly diagnosed ones. MicroRNA 409 in meningiomas was correlated significantly with tumor volume and showed a significant negative correlation with patient age. Significance was found between the expression patterns of microRNAs 34a and 200a with the respective aberrations of chromosome 1p and the microRNA 409 with aberration of chromosome 14. In the male cohort the expression of microRNA 200a in blood was significantly upregulated in patients compared to healthy volunteers. By our research the function of microRNA 200a was proved to detect meningioma patients by liquid biopsy.

Conclusion

We detected microRNA 200a as a new biomarker to indicate meningioma recurrences. Future transferability to blood could be important for patient follow‐up.
Machine Learning an Intelligent Approach in Process Industries: A Perspective and Overview
Authors: Khan Nadia , Ammar Taqvi Syed Ali
Published: December 2022

The field of machine learning has proven to be a powerful approach in smart manufacturing and processing in the chemical and process industries. This review provides a systematic overview of current state of artificial intelligence and machine learning and their applications in textile, nuclear power plant, fertilizer, water treatment, and oil and gas industries. Moreover, this study reveals the current dominant machine learning methods, pre and post processing of models, increased utilization of machine learning in terms of fault detection, prediction, optimization, quality control, and maintenance in these sectors. In addition, this review gives the insight into the actual benefits and impact of each method, and complications in their extensive deployment. Finally in the current impressive state, challenges, future development in terms of algorithm and infrastructure aspects are highlighted.
Cytochrome C with Peroxidase‐like Activity Supported on Plasmonic AuNPs: Improved Stability and Enhanced Nanobioplasmonic Catalytic Conversion
Authors: da Silva Rafael T. P. , de Barros Heloise R. , Fernandes Rafaella F. , Temperini Marcia L. A. , Cordoba de Torresi Susana I.
Published: December 2022

Metallic nanoparticles have been extensively used to adsorb biomolecules and improve their stability under broader conditions. This study focuses on the interaction of Cytochrome C (CytC) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP), CytC@AuNP. Circular dichroism (CD) and Raman show significant differences in secondary structure, mainly in α‐helix. CD ramp temperatures revealed enhanced thermal stability of CytC@AuNP, as evidenced by a refolding of the α‐helix conformation of CytC and a delay in denaturation temperature by approximately 15 °C. Catalytic oxidation performed with CytC@AuNP showed a hyperbolic profile up to 104 % higher yields compared to CytC, which exhibited a linear profile and 30 % loss of activity after thermal treatment. The same reaction performed upon plasmon stimulus comparatively increased the catalytic yield of CytC@AuNP in 12 %, although it had no effect on free CytC. This study highlights the advantages of adsorbing biomolecules on nanoparticles and is a glimpse at plasmon‐driven nanobiocatalysis.
The GCM‐FE Method for the Advanced Analysis of Steel Frameworks and Connections
Authors: Yan Shen , Wan Wodong , Rasmussen Kim J.R.
Published: December 2022

The Generalised Component Method (GCM) has recently been formulated for analysing the full‐range nonlinear response of connections, incorporating the elastic and inelastic stiffnesses, the post‐ultimate softening as well as the ductility of each component. In this paper, the GCM is implemented in an FE analysis framework of steel structural frames. The paper explains the key elements of the FE modelling, such as the integration of the connection model with adjoining members, the accurate representation of components, and the automatic modelling technique using Python scripts. The framework, termed the GCM‐FE joint modelling method, is then validated against experimental results for bolted top‐and‐seat angle connections, and used to analyse a two‐storey four‐bay irregular steel frame. The GCM‐FE analysis is shown to provide substantially greater insight into the performance of connections than the simplified joint models used in traditional analysis. It not only provides the ultimate resistance and failure mode of the frame, considering both members and connections, but also accurately predicts the load‐redistribution process inside the connections and the resultant effect on the structural framework. The GCM‐FE analysis presents a major step towards the complete direct design of steel frameworks by advanced analysis, and lays the foundation for the next generation of structural design standards in which the strength and structural safety checks of both members and connections are performed in a single step at system level.
EAACA net‐zero roadmap for autoclaved aerated concrete
Authors: Turski Robert
Published: December 2022

This roadmap sets out a pathway for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete products to reach net‐zero emissions by 2050 with the potential to become carbon negative, thereby absorbing more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than they produce. The roadmap aligns the European Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Association (EAACA) and its members with the objectives of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5°C and supports policies to decarbonize Europe's buildings and construction sectors.
LCA of building materials within the framework of the Construction Products Regulation (CPR) in Europe
Authors: Lützkendorf Thomas
Published: December 2022

Buildings and constructed assets form the basis for economic and social development. However, their production, construction, maintenance and operation lead, among other things, to the use of natural resources and cause undesirable effects on the global and local environment. Increasingly, therefore, requirements for the environmental performance of buildings are being formulated in funding programs, sustainability assessment systems and legislation. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used as a method for recording, evaluating and influencing the environmental performance of buildings. The assessment of the environmental performance ‐ and as part of it ‐ the preparation of the LCA requires the provision and availability of environmentally relevant product information on all building materials, components and technical systems. Based on the draft of the Construction Products Regulation (CPR) in Europe as well as the state of standardization, the contribution discusses how requirements for construction product characteristics and construction product information can be derived from the requirements for buildings. Consequences for product development and the communication of technical and environmental product information are discussed.
How Research Data Management Plans Can Help in Harmonizing Open Science and Approaches in the Digital Economy
Authors: Salazar Abel , Wentzel Bianca , Schimmler Sonja , Gläser Roger , Hanf Schirin , Schunk Stephan A.
Published: December 2022

Within this perspective article, we intend to summarise definitions and terms that are often used in the context of open science and data‐driven R&D and we discuss upcoming European regulations concerning data, data sharing and handling. With this background in hand, we take a closer look at the potential connections and permeable interfaces of open science and digital economy, in which data and resulting immaterial goods can become vital pieces as tradeable items. We believe that both science and the digital economy can profit from a seamless transition and foresee that the scientific outcomes of publicly funded research can be better exploited. To close the gap between open science and the digital economy, and to serve for a balancing of the interests of data producers, data consumers, and an economy around services and the public, we introduce the concept of generic research data management plans (RDMs), which have in part been developed through a community effort and which have been evaluated by academic and industry members of the NFDI4Cat consortium. We are of the opinion that in data‐driven research, RDMs do need to become a vital element in publicly funded projects.
Carbonylmetallates as Versatile 2‐, 4‐ or 6‐Electron Donor Metalloligands in Transition‐Metal Complexes and Clusters: A Global Approach
Authors: Naili Noura , Kahlal Samia , Zouchoune Bachir , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Braunstein Pierre
Published: December 2022

Carbonylmetallates [m]−, such as [MoCp(CO)3]−, [Mn(CO)5]−, [Co(CO)4]−, have long been successfully used in the preparation of hundreds of metal‐metal bonded carbonyl complexes and clusters, in particular of the heterometallic type. We focus here on situations where [m]−can be viewed as a terminal, doubly or even triply bridging metalloligand, developing metal‐metal interactions with one, two or three metal centers M, respectively. With metals M from the Groups 10–12, it is not straightforward or even impossible to rationalize the structure of the resulting clusters by applying the well‐known Wade‐Mingos rules. A very simple but global approach is presented to rationalize structures not obeying usual electron‐counting rules by considering the anionic building blocks [m]−as metalloligands behaving formally as potential 2‐, 4‐ or 6‐electron donors, similarly to what is typically encountered with for example halido ligands. Qualitative and theoretical arguments by using DFT calculations highlight similarities between seemingly unrelated metal complexes and clusters and also entail a predicting power with high synthetic potential.
Carborane Analogues of Fenoprofen Exhibit Improved Antitumor Activity
Authors: Useini Liridona , Mojić Marija , Laube Markus , Lönnecke Peter , Mijatović Sanja , Maksimović‐Ivanić Danijela , Pietzsch Jens , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: December 2022

Fenoprofen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) against rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative joint disease, ankylosing spondylitis and gout. Like other NSAIDs, fenoprofen inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins by blocking both cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, COX‐1 the “house‐keeping” enzyme and COX‐2 the induced isoform from pathological stimuli. Unselective inhibition of both COX isoforms results in many side effects, but off‐target effects have also been reported. The steric modifications of the drugs could afford the desired COX‐2 selectivity. Furthermore, NSAIDs have shown promising cytotoxic properties. The structural modification of fenoprofen using bulky dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) (carborane) clusters and the biological evaluation of the carborane analogues for COX inhibition and antitumor potential showed that the carborane analogues exhibit stronger antitumor potential compared to their respective aryl‐based compounds.
Parkinson's disease fluid biomarkers for differential diagnosis of atypical parkinsonian syndromes
Authors: Yang Jun , Idowu Ayotimofe , Rosenthal Liana , Mao Xiaobo
Published: December 2022

The scope of the present review is to synthesize existing literature data on fluid biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS). Parkinsonian syndromes encompass a body of heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases marked by characteristic movement dysfunction, among which PD is the most prevalent form. In addition to the stereotypical presentation of PD, patients may also manifest atypical symptoms that raise the suspicion of APS, such as PD with dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, dementia with Lewy body, and corticobasal degeneration.

Clinical diagnosis of PD and APS depends heavily on patients’ presenting symptoms without reliable objective tests or imaging studies. Fluid biomarkers are powerful tools that facilitate diagnosing and monitoring various parkinsonian syndromes. Therefore, establishing parkinsonian biomarkers is a necessary step in the scope of basic science research and clinical practice. This review will discuss some of the past decade's most promising cerebrospinal fluid and other fluid biomarkers. We highlighted the shortcomings of alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn), Aβ42, and tau as differences in the expression of these proteins are moderate at best. Protein misfolding cyclic amplification and real‐time quaking‐induced conversion are novel techniques with remarkable discriminatory capacity for PD and APS. Autoantibodies have also introduced a marker for possible early diagnosis and staging for PD. Neurofilament light chain and microRNAs are promising fluid biomarkers that may be more suitable as biomarkers compared to α‐syn, Aβ42, and tau. At its current stage, fluid‐based biomarkers have improved significantly in diagnosing PD from healthy controls and differentiating between PD and APS, but insufficient for clinical usage due to a lack of validation and limitation in discriminatory power.
Expressed emotion and treatment outcome in higher levels of care for eating disorders
Authors: Rienecke Renee D. , Gorrell Sasha , Johnson Madelyn , Duffy Alan , Mehler Philip S. , Le Grange Daniel
Published: December 2022

Objective

Expressed emotion (EE) among caregivers toward the affected offspring is a negative prognostic indicator for adolescent patients with eating disorders (EDs) in outpatient treatment. Less research has examined its impact on adolescents in higher levels of care (HLOC). The current study examined differences in caregiver EE according to the subtype of anorexia nervosa (AN) (restricting [AN‐R] versus binge/purge [AN‐BP]), and level of care (LOC). We also examined the main effects of baseline caregiver EE (emotional overinvolvement [EOI] or criticism), AN subtype, and their interaction on eating pathology and depression at discharge.

Method

Adolescent patients (N = 203) receiving treatment at HLOCs completed measures of ED pathology (Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9) at baseline and discharge, and one caregiver of each patient completed a measure of EE (Family Questionnaire) at baseline.

Results

No differences in caregiver EE were found between patients with AN‐R versus AN‐BP, or relative to LOC. Caregiver EE did not predict outcome for ED symptoms or depression at discharge.

Discussion

The impact of high caregiver EE may be less substantial at HLOCs than outpatient care given that caregivers are less involved in treatment at HLOCs. Future research is needed to determine if high caregiver EOI leads to poor treatment outcome for adolescents as it does for adults, or whether it is an appropriate expression of care for patients who are ill enough to require HLOC treatment.

Public significance statement

High caregiver EE was not found to predict treatment outcome for adolescents with eating disorders in higher levels of care (HLOCs), possibly due to the limited involvement of caregivers in HLOCs. However, patients step down to outpatient treatment, where high caregiver EE can have a significant negative impact on outcome. HLOCs should incorporate efforts to reduce high caregiver EE in anticipation of step‐down to outpatient treatment.
Kinetics of the used cooking oil transesterification in the presence of slaked lime and the triethanolamine:menthol deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Kostić Milan D. , Bijelić Ana B. , Stamenković Olivera S. , Veljković Vlada B.
Published: December 2022

The biodiesel production from the used cooking oils from the frying of different food items (French fries, chicken breasts, or pork steaks) and methanol in the presence of slaked lime as a catalyst and the triethanolamine:menthol (1:2 mol/mol) deep eutectic solvent as a cosolvent was studied. This deep eutectic solvent accelerated the transesterification reaction. The transesterification reaction involves only the chemical reaction controlled region from its beginning and follows the pseudo‐first‐order reaction rate law. A good agreement between the model and the experimental data was confirmed by a low mean relative percent deviation between the predicted and observed values of triacylglycerol conversion degree (<3.5%). The highest apparent reaction rate constant of 0.421 min−1 was achieved with the used cooking oil from frying pork steaks at 60°C. The activation energy increases in the following order of the used cooking oils from frying the food items:French fries (23.1 kJ/mol) chicken breasts (30.7 kJ/mol) pork steaks (41.6 kJ/mol). A methyl esters content higher than 97.5% was achieved within 40 min of the transesterification of the used cooking oils over slaked lime combined with the triethanolamine:menthol deep eutectic solvent.
Turbine modeling for steady‐state analysis in hydropower plant networks with complex layouts using a modified global gradient algorithm
Authors: Ma Weichao , Lai Xu , Yang Jiebin , Liu Chengpeng , Zhao Zhigao , Huang Yifan , Yang Jiandong , Zhao Guilian
Published: December 2022

Turbines are generally oversimplified in conventional algorithms for steady‐state analysis of hydropower plant (HPP) networks. Moreover, conventional algorithms are hardly suitable for serial HPPs. In this paper, a modified global gradient algorithm (MGGA) is developed by extending turbine models and optimizing turbine interpolation. First, the nonlinear model of turbines is established with the proposed variable resistance factor and added to the global matrix. Then turbine unit quantity interpolation is proposed to compute the turbine operating parameters. Finally, turbine links and pipes can be iterated synchronously, and the global matrix is solved using the Newton–Raphson method. Characteristics of MGGA are evaluated by employing two test HPPs, including rapidity of convergence, computational stability of turbine, and applicability for serial HPPs. The results show that: (a) The iterative numbers of the MGGA are 0.72 and 4.98 times on average less than that of CA1 and CA2 for the accuracy of 10−6 in 400 operating conditions, even though MGGA has an obvious hysteretic nature; (b) Only MGGA can successfully calculate the extreme cases that large head losses in HPP networks; (c) Although fixed head nodes are not present between turbine links, such as serial HPPs, MGGA still works.
Influence of Bisphenol A and 17β-Trenbolone Exposure in Oryzias Congeners
Authors: Horie Yoshifumi , Chiba Takashi
Published: December 2022

Japanese medaka is specified as a model fish in the test guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Recently, populations of Japanese medaka in Japan were divided into two species, the northern Oryzias sakaizumii and the southern O. latipes. Previously, we reported that induction concentrations for sex reversal by exposure to 17α-methyltestosterone differed significantly between these two species, indicating that they respond differently to endocrine-disrupting chemica. In the present study, we examined the effects of exposure to two more endocrine-disrupting chemicals (bisphenol A and 17β-trenbolone) in O. sakaizumii, and compared the results with those previously reported for O. latipes. Exposure to both bisphenol A and 17β-trenbolone induced testis–ova formation or sex reversal in O. sakaizumii. Exposure to 17β-trenbolone also increased expression of gonadal soma-derived factor (gsdf). Least-observed-effect concentrations for gonadal sex differentiation and gsdf expression were lower for O. latipes than for O. sakaizumii after exposure to bisphenol A, and were lower for O. sakaizumii than for O. latipes after exposure to 17β-trenbolone. These results demonstrate that O. sakaizumii and O. latipes respond differently to androgenic and estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:673–678. © 2022 SETAC
Estimating Sources, Fluxes, and Ecological Risks of Antibiotics in the Wuhan Section of the Yangtze River, China: A Year-Long Investigation
Authors: Chen Yulin , Tan Yang , Wang Yile , Ma Yongfei , Li Ping , Du Zhenjie , Yang Lie , Wu Li , Cui Song , Ding Yongzhen , Qi Xuebin , Zhang Zulin
Published: December 2022

To our knowledge, ours is the first study to investigate the annual fluxes, environmental fate, and ecological risks of five categories of antibiotics from the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River (China). All the 24 antibiotics we tested for were detected in water, with total concentrations of 17.11–867.2 ng/L (mean: 63.69 ng/L), and 19 antibiotics were detected in sediment, at 0.02–287.7 ng/g (mean: 16.54 ng/g). Sulfonamides, amphenicols, and macrolides were the three most prominent antibiotic classes in water, and fluoroquinolones were the most prominent in sediment. Farming activities (animal husbandry and aquaculture) are proposed as the largest contributors to antibiotic pollution in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River according to the Unmix model, followed by municipal wastewater and mixed sources. Higher pollution levels were observed downstream (combined discharge of these sources). Monthly monitoring data (12 months) were used to estimate antibiotic annual fluxes, with 101.5 t (uncertainty: 5.6%) in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River. Risk assessments showed that erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin posed medium and high ecological risks and were found in 9%–35% and 1.8%–3.7% of all water samples, respectively; enrofloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol posed medium resistance risks in 1.9%–16.7% of waters in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River. Our results have filled data gaps on antibiotic sources, annual fluxes, and resistance risk in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River and demonstrated the importance of further management of antibiotic use in the studied areas. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:605–619. © 2022 SETAC
An Assessment of the Feasibility of Phytoextraction for the Stripping of Bioavailable Metals from Contaminated Soils
Authors: Santa-Cruz Javier , Robinson Brett , Krutyakov Yurii A. , Shapoval Olga A. , Peñaloza Patricia , Yáñez Carolina , Neaman Alexander
Published: December 2022

Phytoextraction has been proposed in many papers as a low-cost method for remediating contaminated soil. However, if national regulation is based on total metal(loid) concentrations in soil, phytoextraction is generally infeasible because of the long time required for remediation. Assessing phytoextraction requires determination of the dynamic rate of metal removal from soil. Phytoextraction may be feasible if the main goal is to reduce the soluble fraction of the metal(loid) with the goal of reducing bioavailability. However, it has been reported that there is a large mass balance mismatch between the reduction of the soluble metal fraction in contaminated soil and metal uptake by plants. Several studies report that the decrease of soluble fraction of metals in soil is higher than can be accounted for by plant uptake. In other words, studies generally overestimate the feasibility of bioavailable contaminant stripping. Therefore, a more rigorous approach is advisable to ensure that papers on bioavailable contaminant stripping include relevant information on mass balances. Furthermore, to implement the concept of bioavailable contaminant stripping, regulations must distinguish between the bioavailable fraction and the total metal concentration in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:558–565. © 2022 SETAC