bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Indicators Change in Patients With Calculous Cholecystitis
Authors: Moldoev M. , Kalmatov R. , Azamat uulu Ch. , Abdullaeva Zh.
Published: August 2022

In recent years, cytokine and antioxidant parameters have been widely studied in various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, however, features of cytokine profile in patients with cholecystitis and gastritis have not been studied enough. In this regard, it is appropriate and important to study changes in the parameters of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with calculous cholecystitis. Research purpose: to determine the relationship between changes in the antioxidant status in gastrointestinal tract diseases. Research materials and methods: our study presents the results of an analysis of the assessment of the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidants depending on the form of cholecystitis on the first day after surgery. Research results: based on the fact that in severe diseases there is a change in the level of enzymatic parameters in bile, we obtained and analyzed laboratory data on the content of the antioxidant status in patients. Conclusions: a comparative analysis of antioxidants and cytokines content showed changes in amount of superoxide dismutase and interleukin 1, the rest of indicators were normal.

В течение последних нескольких лет широко изучаются цитокиновые и антиоксидантные показатели при различных заболеваниях желудочно-кишечного тракта, однако особенности цитокинового профиля у больных с холециститом и гастритом изучены недостаточно. В связи с чем закономерным и важным является изучение изменения показателей антиоксидантов и противовоспалительных цитокинов у больных с калькулезным холециститом. Цель исследования: определить взаимосвязь изменений в антиоксидантном статусе при заболеваниях желудочно-кишечного тракта. Материалы и методы исследования: в нашем исследовании представлены результаты анализа оценки уровня противовоспалительных цитокинов и антиоксидантов в зависимости от формы холецистита в первые сутки после операции. Результаты исследования: на основании того, что при тяжелых заболеваниях происходит изменение уровня ферментативных показателей в желчи нами были получены и проанализированы лабораторные данные о содержании антиоксидантного статуса у пациентов. Выводы: сравнительный анализ содержания антиоксидантов и цитокинов показал изменения в количестве супероксид дисмутазы и интерлейкин 1 остальные показатели были в норме.
Design of Dangerous Driving Behavior Detection System Based on STM32
Authors: Cheng Ch. , Levtsev A. , Zhao Ch. , Song M. , Min X.
Published: August 2022

With the rapid development of China’s economy and the continuous improvement of the living standards of the people, cars have gradually become an indispensable tool for travel. At the same time as the number of cars increases rapidly, the accident rate of road traffic is also increasing. Traffic accidents caused by dangerous driving behavior account for a large part of the accident rate. In order to reduce the road traffic accident rate, a vehicle dangerous driving behavior detection system using STM32 single-chip microcomputer is designed from the vehicle itself, which mainly detects the speed and weight of the vehicle. When the vehicle is in the starting state, the detection system detects the weight and speed of the vehicle in real time through the sensor and the motor speed. In this system, the STM32 is used as a core MCU. When the speed or weight of the vehicle exceeds the threshold, the MCU performs an alarm and subsequent operations. This design introduces the overall design of the system in detail, from the test of each module to the use of the overall connection test, the interface module and STM32 interface circuit as well as the system hardware circuit and related peripheral circuits are given, and finally the measurement data is displayed through the OLED. The design is simple in structure and can be applied to various vehicles.

С быстрым развитием экономики Китая и постоянным повышением уровня жизни в стране автомобили постепенно становятся необходимым средством передвижения. Стремительный рост числа автомобилей сопровождался постоянным увеличением количества дорожно-транспортных происшествий. Дорожно-транспортные происшествия, вызванные опасным поведением водителей (например, превышение скорости, перегрузка и т. д.), составляют немалую часть от общего числа ДТП. Для того чтобы снизить уровень дорожно-транспортных происшествий, система обнаружения опасного поведения водителя транспортного средства с использованием микроконтроллера STM32 разработана на основе самого автомобиля, который в основном определяет скорость и вес транспортного средства. Эта система обнаружения определяет вес и скорость автомобиля в реальном времени с помощью датчиков, а также скорость двигателя, когда автомобиль находится в состоянии запуска. В этой системе в качестве основного микроконтроллера используется STM32, и когда скорость или вес автомобиля превышают пороговое значение, микроконтроллер выполняет сигнал тревоги и последующие операции. В этом проекте подробно описывается общая конструкция системы, от тестирования отдельных модулей до общего шарнирного тестового использования, приводятся схемы интерфейсного модуля и STM32, а также схемы аппаратного обеспечения системы, связанные периферийные схемы и т. д. Данные измерений в конечном итоге отображаются на OLED ЖК-дисплее. Конструкция проста по строению и может применяться на всех типах транспортных средств.
Optimal Design of Heating Boilers
Authors: Liu J. , Zhang Z. , Kudashev S.
Published: August 2022

Instead of a regular flywheel, it is possible to install a lightweight, with a variable moment of inertia on the electric unit, which will accelerate faster, which means it is faster to enter the mode of the rated frequency of the generator output voltage. In a mode close to the nominal speed of rotation, the moment of inertia will increase sharply, which will allow more mechanical energy storage, which will not allow to slow down the speed of the internal combustion engine, so it is better to damp (smooth out) the low-frequency external disturbances from the side of the electrical network.

Вместо обычных маховиков на электрической установке можно установить маховик с малым весом и изменяемым крутящим моментом инерции, что ускорит скорость, а значит, и скорость ввода номинального частотного режима напряжения на выходе генератора. В режиме приближения к номинальной скорости вращения количество инерции будет резко увеличиваться, что позволит большему количеству механической энергии хранить, что не позволит снизить скорость двигателя внутреннего сгорания, поэтому желательно подавлять (устранять) низкочастотные внешние помехи сбоку сети.
Model of a Microchannel Heat Exchanger of a Supercharger for Heating Water
Authors: Wang Y. , Golyanin A.
Published: August 2022

The subject of the research is a model of a microchannel heat exchanger of a supercharger for heating water. The purpose of study is to simulate the heating effect of microchannel heat exchangers for heating water and to evaluate their effectiveness in practice. Research methods: comparison, synthesis, modeling, description, experimentation, graphical analysis. As a result of the study, the prerequisites for the energy conversion of the microchannel heat exchanger, the heating unit, the energy conversion unit, and the biofuel storage unit were considered and put together. The degree of implementation is complete. Efficiency of development - in order to enhance energy use and reduce losses in energy use, thereby protecting the environment and saving energy.

Предметом исследования является модель микроканального теплообменника нагнетателя для нагрева воды. Цель исследования - смоделировать нагревательный эффект микроканальных теплообменников для нагрева воды и оценить их эффективность на практике. Методы исследования: сравнение, синтез, моделирование, описание, экспериментирование, графический анализ. В результате исследования были рассмотрены и сведены воедино предпосылки к преобразованию энергии микроканального теплообменника, блока нагрева, блока преобразования энергии и блока хранения биотоплива. Степень реализации полная. Эффективность развития - увеличение использования энергии и снижения потерь при использовании энергии, защита окружающей среды и экономия энергии.
Designing a Cooler With Natural Cold for A 100 kW Semiconductor Power Converter
Authors: Cheng Ch. , Golyanin A.
Published: August 2022

The subject of the study is the design of a cooler with natural cooling capacity for a 100 kW semiconductor power converter. The purpose of this thesis is to design a cooler with natural cooling capability for a 100 kW semiconductor power converter and to evaluate its practical effects. We summarize the demand for power semiconductor devices for new applications in power electronics in recent years. During the study and testing of the cooler for the 100 kW semiconductor power converter, the parameters that became the basis for mathematical modeling were determined. In this paper, we summarize the key issues and the current state of research on power semiconductor modules, including module thermal design and thermal modeling issues. The degree of realization is complete. In the process of developing the experimental device, reduction of energy consumption losses and reduction of explosion and fire hazards in industrial production facilities was achieved, which in turn will increase the efficiency of the invention and reduce its production costs. Development of efficiency - reduction of power consumption losses, reduction of explosion and fire hazards in industrial production facilities due to overheating of power semiconductors.

Предметом исследования является конструкция охладителя с естественной холодопроизводительностью для полупроводникового силового преобразователя мощностью 100 кВт. Целью данной работы является разработка охладителя с возможностью естественного охлаждения для полупроводникового силового преобразователя мощностью 100 кВт и оценка его практических свойств. В ходе исследования и испытаний охладителя полупроводникового силового преобразователя мощностью 100 кВт были определены параметры, которые стали основой для математического моделирования. В обобщаются ключевые вопросы и текущее состояние исследований в области силовых полупроводниковых модулей, включая вопросы теплового проектирования модулей и теплового моделирования. Степень реализации полная. В процессе разработки опытного устройства достигнуто снижение потерь энергозатрат и снижение взрывопожароопасности промышленного производства, что в свою очередь позволит повысить эффективность изобретения и снизить себестоимость его производства. Повышение эффективности - снижение потерь электропотребления, снижение взрывопожароопасности промышленных производств из-за перегрева силовых полупроводников.
Legislative Support of Gender Equality in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Marzabaeva B. , Tashybaeva A. K. , Asanakhunova Z. , Babakulova R.
Published: August 2022

Research relevance is the role of NGOs contribution and women’s movement of Kyrgyzstan in the expansion and strengthening of national legislation to achieve gender equality. Research objectives: to analyze the legislative framework for ensuring gender equality in Kyrgyzstan, which was formed in the post-Soviet period during the years of independence. Materials and research methods: article analyzes in detail the Constitution norms in the Kyrgyz Republic, adopted laws, ratified international conventions and National Action Plans to achieve gender equality in chronological order. It also describes main ideas and concepts, changes that have occurred in connection with Kyrgyzstan society social life. Research results: insufficient participation of women in decision-making processes affects the country gender image. Conclusions: legislative framework analysis for ensuring the gender equality in Kyrgyzstan shows that women's movement and gender experts in Kyrgyzstan have done a lot in this direction.

Актуальностью отмечается роль вклада НПО и женского движения Кыргызстана в расширении и укреплении национального законодательства для достижения гендерного равенства. Целью исследования является анализ законодательной базы обеспечения гендерного равенства в Кыргызстане, которая формировалась в постсоветский период за годы независимости. Материалы и методы исследования: в статье подробно анализируются нормы Конституции Киргизской Республики, принятые законы, ратифицированные международные конвенции и Национальные планы действий по достижению гендерного равенства в хронологическом порядке. Также описываются их главные идеи и концепции, изменения, которые произошли в связи с переменами в общественной жизни общества Кыргызстана. Результаты исследования: недостаточное участие женщин в процессах принятия решений сказывается на гендерном имидже страны. Выводы: анализ законодательной базы обеспечения гендерного равенства в Кыргызстане показывает, что женское движение и гендерные эксперты Кыргызстана сделали много в этом направлении.
Transformation of Land Ownership and Land Use in Kyrgyzstan in the 1920s
Authors: Alymbaev Zh. , Atakanova G. , Shaanov T.
Published: August 2022

The problems of land and water reform in the south of Kyrgyzstan in 1927-1928 are considered. It is noted that the agrarian issue has not yet been resolved in the early years of Soviet power. The main task of the Soviet government was to seize land, agricultural implements and other property from large landowners and provide them to landless and land-poor peasants. In the southern regions of Kyrgyzstan, large landowners (16.8% of all farms) concentrated in their hands more than half of all land (52.2%), more than a third of working livestock and equipment (39.8% and 35.2%, respectively). For the implementation of the land reform in the southern volosts, preparatory work and a statistical and economic survey were carried out. During the reform, various forms of protest arose, conflicts on the part of large landowners, Russian kulaks. As a result of the reform in the Osh and Jalal-Abad cantons, 278 large bai, 219 large merchants and other non-working households were liquidated, and 3447 households were infringed. It is noted that the land and water reform was a prerequisite for the collectivization of agriculture.
The Prophetic Dreams Using as a Fiction Features
Authors: Zhumaeva G.
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the ‘problem of dreams’ in fiction and describes its place and functions as fiction features. The main emphasis, by comparing examples from ancient Common Turkic literature and Kyrgyz epic poetry, we place on the fact that ‘prophetic dreams’ always underlie the turning stages of events in works. Thus, it can be noted with confidence that such concepts as ‘prophetic dreams’, ‘the other world’ and ‘the prophet Khidr’, complementing each other, constitute a unity.

Рассматривается «проблема сновидений» в художественной литературе и описывается ее место и функции как художественных средств. Основной упор, путем сравнения примеров из древней общетюркской литературы и киргизской эпической поэзии, нами делается на тот факт, что «вещие сны» всегда лежат в основе поворотных этапов событий в произведениях. Можно с уверенностью отмечать, что такие понятия как «вещие сны», «потусторонний мир» и «пророк Хизр», дополняя друг друга, составляют единство.
Peacebuilding Through Proverbs (In the Example of the Proverbs in the Kyrgyz and Turkish Languages)
Authors: Toktomatova A.
Published: August 2022

Peace building and peace education through proverbs and sayings in the Kyrgyz and Turkish languages are described in this article. There is a discipline called peace education taught at schools and universities in many countries. This discipline isn’t taught in our country and it’s difficult to imagine our life without conflicts. Proverbs and sayings expressing peoples’ wisdom and spirit are among the most ancient human institutions as they tell a story taken from our life experience. With the help of proverbs and sayings we educate our generation to build peace that they could have good relationship with other persons, within groups and with people from other cultures. In the globalization period it’s important to teach people how to make inner peace, how to interact with others and avoid unnecessary aggression. This article aims at defining how inner peace is educated and how these cultures build peace with others in the example of proverbs. Peace building proverbs connected with peace, tolerance, patience, avoiding or resolving conflict are picked up from the Kyrgyz and Turkish languages and studied comparatively. The method of the research is exploratory.

В данной статье описаны миростроительство и мировоспитание через пословицы и поговорки на киргизском и турецком языках. В школах и университетах многих стран преподается дисциплина под названием «воспитание мира». В Кыргызстане этой дисциплине не учат, и трудно представить нашу жизнь без конфликтов. Пословицы и поговорки, выражающие мудрость и дух народа, относятся к древнейшим человеческим установлениям, поскольку рассказывают историю, взятую из нашего жизненного опыта. С помощью пословиц и поговорок мы воспитываем наше поколение строить мир, чтобы у них были хорошие отношения с другими людьми, внутри групп и с людьми из других культур. В период глобализации важно научить людей обрести внутренний мир, взаимодействовать с другими и избегать ненужной агрессии. Эта статья направлена на определение того, как воспитывается внутренний мир и как эти культуры строят мир с другими на примере пословиц. Пословицы миростроительства, связанные с миролюбием, терпимостью, терпением, избеганием или разрешением конфликтов, взяты из киргизского и турецкого языков и изучены сравнительно. Метод исследования исследовательский.
Reflection of Religious and Mystical Views in the Work of Kyrgyz Folk Akyns
Authors: Zhumaeva G.
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the influence of Sufism on literature and culture, the object is the work of Kyrgyz folk akyns. We carry out a literary analysis of the edification songs and terme songs of Kalygul Bai uulu, works from the ‟Collection of Poems” by Moldo Kylych, Zhenizhok’s improvisational verses, in parallel comparing their ideological and artistic issues with such ancient Common Turkic written monuments as the ‟Book of Manual” by Kul hoja Ahmed Yassavi and dastan “Beneficial Knowledge” by Zhusup Balasaguni. We also take into account the fact that at one time, when studying the work of akyns-mullahs, the main attention was paid to the religious side of their works, and the philosophical and didactic problems of their content remained out of our attention. But it was said: “It is impossible to live in society and be free from it.” We demonstrate this wisdom on the example of the creativity of folk akyns.

Рассматривается влияние суфизма на литературу и культуру, объектом является творчество киргизских народных акынов. Мы проводим литературный анализ песен-назиданий и терме Калыгула Бай уулу, произведений из «Сборника стихотворений» Молдо Кылыча, стихов-импровизаций Женижока, параллельно сравнивая их идейно-художественные вопросы с такими древними общетюркскими письменными памятниками как «Книга назиданий» Кул ходжа Ахмеда Яссави и дастаном «Благодатное знание» Жусупа Баласагуни. Мы учитываем и тот момент, что в свое время при изучении творчества акынов-мулл основное внимание обращалось на религиозную сторону их произведений, а философские и дидактические проблемы их содержания оставались вне нашего внимания. Но ведь было сказано: «Жить в обществе и быть свободным от него нельзя». Эту мудрость мы демонстрируем на примере творчества народных акынов.
Penerapan Algoritma Naive Bayes Untuk Analisis Sentimen Penggunaan Aplikasi Jobstreet
Authors: Widodo Bobby Kurniadi , Matondang Nur Hafifah , Prasvita Desta Sandya
Published: August 2022

Aplikasi Jobstreet merupakan sebuah aplikasi lowongan pekerjaan yang sudah didownload oleh lebih dari 10 juta masyarakat yang menyediakan beberapa jenis pekerjaan seperti akuntansi, sumber daya manusia, pemasaran, komunikasi, pelayanan, dan lainnya. Dengan banyaknya masyarakat yang mendownload aplikasi ini maka masyarakat pasti memberikan ulasan-ulasan mereka terhadap aplikasi ini. Di masa pandemi seperti ini, banyak orang yang mencari pekerjaan menggunakan aplikasi android dimana informasinya lebih cepat dan mudah untuk mencari lowongan pekerjaan, oleh karena itu aplikasi Jobstreet membantu masyarakat dalam mencari lowongan pekerjaan di perusahaan yang mereka inginkan. Ulasan komentar opini masyarakat ini bisa dijadikan peluang untuk menggali keterangan tentang evaluasi dan penilaian atas pelayanan aplikasi jobstreet yang telah berjalan menggunakan analisis sentimen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan klasifikasi sentimen terhadap ulasan pada aplikasi Jobstreet dengan metode Naïve Bayes. Dalam penelitian ini opini akan dibagi kedalam dua golongan sebagai positif dan negatif, kemudian diklasifikasikan dengan menggunakan algoritma Naïve Bayes. Hasil pengujian yang didapat menggunakan data uji memiliki nilai akurasi sebesar 0,96; nilai precision sebesar 0,98; nilai recall sebesar 0,94.
Uma proposta de análise discursiva fundamentada nos pressupostos metodológicos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo de Bronckart
Authors: Francisco Edmilson , Goulart Ilsa do Carmo Vieira , Ferreira Helena Maria
Published: August 2022

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar um questionário respondido por uma professora que propõe o ensino de língua portuguesa por meio de um ambiente digital, bem como analisar os discursos presentes em suas respostas, com a proposta de compreender as representações construídas por ela acerca de seu trabalho docente.  Adotou-se como orientação teórico-metodológica os conceitos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD), no que concerne aos procedimentos de análise e de interpretação que envolvem o levantamento de informações sobre o contexto sócio-interacional do trabalho docente e das atividades de linguagem. Concluiu-se que, apesar da professora buscar realizar e inovar a sua prática utilizando-se de um ambiente virtual, o discurso revelou uma prática pautada em uma perspectiva conteudista de ensino.

Palavras-chave: Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo. Discursos. Representações sobre a prática docente.
O trabalho com a música na sala de aula: narrativas de professoras dos anos iniciais
Authors: Candido Pales Isamar Marques , De Oliveira Souza Sandra Suely , Campos Pereira Sandra Marcia
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo, abordamos a música na prática docente como um dispositivo significativo para a ampliação da percepção, escuta e criatividade, oportunizando a ampliação do conhecimento no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Portanto, buscamos aproximarmo-nos dos educadores a fim de interpretar, por meio das práticas e ações desenvolvidas, como apresentam a música em sala de aula. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa seguiu o viés qualitativo, em uma perspectiva fenomenológica, baseada na hermenêutica de Merleau-Ponty. As narrativas produzidas pelas educadoras atuantes nos primeiros anos do ensino fundamental, formadas pelo curso de Pedagogia da UESB, campus de Vitória da Conquista – BA, permitiram perceber que as práticas musicais estão relacionadas apenas ao relaxamento e diversão dos alunos.
Posição-sujeito, processo de ressignificação e singularidade em narrativas contadas por crianças no Youtube
Authors: Dos Santos Rachel Costa Ferreira , Pereira Anderson de Carvalho
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar a relação entre processo de ressignificação em narrativas contadas por crianças e marcas de singularidade. Para isto, foram extraídas do portal youtube, versões das narrativas “Os três porquinhos” e “Chapeuzinho Vermelho”. Após a transcrição literal, a análise foi realizada tendo como fundamentação teórica a noção de sujeito da Psicanálise e da Análise do Discurso de matriz francesa. O destaque para os pressupostos desta última corrente teórico-metodológica levou à discussão sobre o efeito de repetição e de novidade. A questão mobilizada versa sobre traços de singularidade que emergem a partir da filiação do sujeito às paráfrases e às regiões outras de sentido do grande Outro.
Dizeres sobre o curso de linguística geral: acontecimento e recepção na história da linguística brasileira
Authors: Ruiz Marco Antonio Almeida , Araújo Lígia Mara Boin Menossi de
Published: August 2022

O CLG traduz uma mudança de paradigma nos estudos linguísticos do início do século XX. Sua contribuição é tão grande que o consideramos como um acontecimento histórico marcante nas ciências humanas e sociais, capaz de promover o que ficou conhecido como Linguística moderna. Com o advento de novas perspectivas que emergiram após a década de 1960 na França, passamos a compreender o processo de recepção de suas teorias e revisitá-las novamente como acontecimentos discursivos que (re)contam, cada um a sua maneira, narrativas de sua história e (re)formulação. Assim, propomos observar, numa perspectiva discursiva, a constituição do manual Fundamentos da linguística contemporânea, de Edward Lopes, como um acontecimento discursivo que produz, a nosso ver, um efeito de didatização da teoria saussuriana durante a emergência da linguística brasileira.
Gêneros textuais e/ou gêneros do discurso? Um olhar da perspectiva dialógica da linguagem sobre o gênero
Authors: Guimarães Fernanda Taís Brignol , Brisolara Valéria Silveira , Sobral Adail
Published: August 2022

Neste estudo, refletimos a respeito dos gêneros do discurso a partir da perspectiva dialógica da linguagem, de Mikhail Bakhtin, em contraponto com outras abordagens teóricas, que focalizam suas formas materiais em detrimento dos aspectos discursivos. Para tanto, discutimos a diferença entre “Gêneros do discurso” (Bakhtin) e “Gêneros Textuais”, (Teoria do Texto ou Linguística Textual), a fim de mostrar que não é o texto que define o gênero, mas o projeto enunciativo e as relações enunciativas que se estabelecem em determinado contexto de enunciação. Refletimos, ainda, a respeito da abordagem de gênero presente nos PCN de Língua Portuguesa e, por fim, discutimos sobre a didatização do gênero, que em muitos casos contribui para que se tome o estudo estrito do texto na escola sob a alegação de ser estudo dos gêneros.
Identidades trans nas juventudes: desafios familiares e escolares na linha tênue entre ser-não sendo, e não ser-sendo
Authors: Rezende-Campos Pollyanna , Cavalcanti Vanessa Ribeiro Simon
Published: August 2022

O estudo visa descrever e analisar – por meio de revisão de literatura e narrativas de jovens – vivências e relações (familiares e sociais), a partir de representações de sexualidades e de identidades de gêneros de jovens do ensino médio de uma escola da rede pública de Salvador, Bahia – Brasil. Com abordagem epistemológica crítica e de metodologia qualitativa, e em observações empíricas participativas e integradas ao cotidiano escolar, foram entrevistadas/os jovens de 18 a 24 anos acerca de suas experiências identitárias e relacionais. Como resultados, pontos comuns como não tolerância e respeito, conflitos familiares e sentidos sobre identidade/alteridade revelam enfrentamentos, violências sobrepostas e desejos quanto ao reconhecimento de vidas vivíveis.
Wave solutions of the DMBBM equation and the cKG equation using the simple equation method
Authors: Sanjun Jiraporn , Chankaew Aungkanaporn
Published: August 2022

In this article, we transform the (1 + 1)-dimensional non-linear dispersive modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (DMBBM) equation and the (2 + 1)-dimensional cubic Klein Gordon (cKG) equation, which are the non-linear partial differential equations, into the non-linear ordinary differential equations by using the traveling wave transformation and solve these solutions with the simple equation method (SEM) with the Bernoulli equation. Two classes of exact explicit solutions-hyperbolic and trigonometric solutions of the associated NLEEs are characterized with some free parameters; we obtain the kink waves and periodic waves.
In Situ Assessment of Porcine Osteochondral Repair Tissue in the Visible–Near Infrared Spectral Region
Authors: Kandel Shital , Querido William , Falcon Jessica M. , Zlotnick Hannah M. , Locke Ryan C. , Stoeckl Brendan , Patel Jay M. , Patil Chetan A. , Mauck Robert L. , Pleshko Nancy
Published: August 2022

Standard assessment of cartilage repair progression by visual arthroscopy can be subjective and may result in suboptimal evaluation. Visible–near infrared (Vis-NIR) fiber optic spectroscopy of joint tissues, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone, provides an objective approach for quantitative assessment of tissue composition. Here, we applied this technique in the 350–2,500 nm spectral region to identify spectral markers of osteochondral tissue during repair with the overarching goal of developing a new approach to monitor repair of cartilage defects in vivo. Full thickness chondral defects were created in Yucatan minipigs using a 5-mm biopsy punch, and microfracture (MFx) was performed as a standard technique to facilitate repair. Tissues were evaluated at 1 month (in adult pigs) and 3 months (in juvenile pigs) post-surgery by spectroscopy and histology. After euthanasia, Vis-NIR spectra were collected in situ from the defect region. Additional spectroscopy experiments were carried out in vitro to aid in spectral interpretation. Osteochondral tissues were dissected from the joint and evaluated using the conventional International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II histological scoring system, which showed lower scores for the 1-month than the 3-month repair tissues. In the visible spectral region, hemoglobin absorbances at 540 and 570 nm were significantly higher in spectra from 1-month repair tissue than 3-month repair tissue, indicating a reduction of blood in the more mature repair tissue. In the NIR region, we observed qualitative differences between the two groups in spectra taken from the defect, but differences did not reach significance. Furthermore, spectral data also indicated that the hydrated environment of the joint tissue may interfere with evaluation of tissue water absorbances in the NIR region. Together, these data provide support for further investigation of the visible spectral region for assessment of longitudinal repair of cartilage defects, which would enable assessment during routine arthroscopy, particularly in a hydrated environment.
Activation of the NFκB signaling pathway in IL6+CSF3+ vascular endothelial cells promotes the formation of keloids
Authors: Liu Delin , Zhang Yidi , Zhen Lisha , Xu Rong , Ji Zhenling , Ye Zheng
Published: August 2022

Background: Keloid is a disease caused by abnormal proliferation of skin fibres, the causative mechanism of which remains unclear.

Method: In this study, endothelial cells of keloids were studied using scRNAseq combined with bulk-RNAseq data from keloids. The master regulators driving keloid development were identified by transcription factor enrichment analysis. The pattern of changes in vascular endothelial cells during keloid development was explored by inferring endothelial cell differentiation trajectories. Deconvolution of bulkRNAseq by CIBERSORTX verified the pattern of keloidogenesis. Immunohistochemistry for verification of the lesion process in keloid endothelial cells.

Results: The endothelial cells of keloids consist of four main cell populations (MMP1+ Endo0, FOS + JUN + Endo1, IL6+CSF3+Endo2, CXCL12 + Endo3). Endo3 is an endothelial progenitor cell, Endo1 is an endothelial cell in the resting state, Endo2 is an endothelial cell in the activated state and Endo0 is an endothelial cell in the terminally differentiated state. Activation of the NFΚB signaling pathway is a typical feature of Endo2 and represents the early skin state of keloids.

Conclusion: We have identified patterns of vascular endothelial cell lesions during keloidogenesis and development, and have found that activation of the NFΚB signaling pathway is an essential feature of keloid formation. These findings are expected to contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of keloids and to the development of new targeted therapeutic agents for the lesional characteristics of vascular endothelial cells.
Novel prognostic matrisome-related gene signature of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Chao , Liang Yun , Dong Yi , Huang Li , Li Anlei , Du Ran , Huang Hao
Published: August 2022

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy of the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma are common HNSCC subtypes. Patients with metastatic HNSCC have a poor prognosis. Therefore, identifying molecular markers for the development and progression of HNSCC is essential for improving early diagnosis and predicting patient outcomes.

Methods: Gene expression RNA-Seq data and patient clinical traits were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-HNSC) and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) screening was performed using the TCGA-HNSC dataset. Intersection analysis between the DEGs and a list of core matrisome genes obtained from the Matrisome Project was used to identify differentially expressed matrisome genes. A prognostic model was established using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Immune landscape analysis was performed based on the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, prognostic value, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and gene mutation analyses. Immunohistochemical results regarding prognostic protein levels were obtained from the Human Protein Atlas. Single-gene RNA-sequencing data were obtained from GSE150321 and GSE172577 datasets. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to confirm cell proliferation and migration.

Results: A total of 1,779 DEGs, including 939 upregulated and 840 downregulated genes, between tumor and normal samples were identified using the TCGA-HNSC microarray data. Intersection analysis revealed 52 differentially expressed matrisome-related genes. After performing univariate and multivariate Cox regression and LASSO analyses, a novel prognostic model based on six matrisome genes (FN1, LAMB4, LAMB3, DMP1, CHAD, and MMRN1) for HNSCC was established. This risk model can successfully predict HNSCC survival. The high-risk group had worse prognoses and higher enrichment of pathways related to cancer development than the low-risk group. Silencing LAMB4 in HNSCC cell lines promoted cell proliferation and migration.

Conclusion: This study provides a novel prognostic model for HNSCC. Thus, FN1, LAMB4, LAMB3, DMP1, CHAD, and MMRN1 may be the promising biomarkers for clinical practice.
E-cadherin acts as a positive regulator of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway during Drosophila oogenesis
Authors: Mallart Charlotte , Chalvet Fabienne , Netter Sophie , Torres Alba Yurani , Poidevin Mickael , Montagne Jacques , Pret Anne-Marie , Malartre Marianne
Published: August 2022

The JAK-STAT pathway is evolutionary conserved. The simplicity of this signaling in Drosophila, due to the limited redundancy between pathway components, makes it an ideal model for investigation. In the Drosophila follicular epithelium, highly stereotyped functions of JAK-STAT signaling have been well characterized, but how signaling activity is regulated precisely to allow the different outcomes is not well understood. In this tissue, the ligand is secreted by the polar cells positioned at each follicle extremity, thus generating a gradient of JAK-STAT activity in adjacent cells. One way to control the delivered quantity of ligand is by regulating the number of polar cells, which is reduced by apoptosis to exactly two at each pole by mid-oogenesis. Hence, JAK-STAT activity is described as symmetrical between follicle anterior and posterior regions. Here, we show that JAK-STAT signaling activity is actually highly dynamic, resulting in asymmetry between poles by mid-oogenesis. Interestingly, we found similar temporal dynamics at follicle poles in the accumulation of the adherens junction E-cadherin protein. Remarkably, E-cadherin and JAK-STAT signaling not only display patterning overlaps but also share functions during oogenesis. In particular, we show that E-cadherin, like JAK-STAT signaling, regulates polar cell apoptosis non-cell-autonomously from follicle cells. Finally, our work reveals that E-cadherin is required for optimal JAK-STAT activity throughout oogenesis and that E-cadherin and Stat92E, the transcription factor of the pathway, form part of a physical complex in follicle cells. Taken together, our study establishes E-cadherin as a new positive regulator of JAK-STAT signaling during oogenesis.
COVID-19 severity is associated with population-level gut microbiome variations
Authors: Lymberopoulos Eva , Gentili Giorgia Isabella , Budhdeo Sanjay , Sharma Nikhil
Published: August 2022

The human gut microbiome interacts with many diseases, with recent small studies suggesting a link with COVID-19 severity. Exploring this association at the population-level may provide novel insights and help to explain differences in COVID-19 severity between countries. We explore whether there is an association between the gut microbiome of people within different countries and the severity of COVID-19, measured as hospitalisation rate. We use data from the large (n = 3,055) open-access gut microbiome repository curatedMetagenomicData, as well as demographic and country-level metadata. Twelve countries were placed into two groups (high/low) according to COVID-19 hospitalisation rate before December 2020 (ourworldindata.com). We use an unsupervised machine learning method, Topological Data Analysis (TDA). This method analyses both the local geometry and global topology of a high-dimensional dataset, making it particularly suitable for population-level microbiome data. We report an association of distinct baseline population-level gut microbiome signatures with COVID-19 severity. This was found both with a PERMANOVA, as well as with TDA. Specifically, it suggests an association of anti-inflammatory bacteria, including Bifidobacteria species and Eubacterium rectale, with lower severity, and pro-inflammatory bacteria such as Prevotella copri with higher severity. This study also reports a significant impact of country-level confounders, specifically of the proportion of over 70-year-olds in the population, GDP, and human development index. Further interventional studies should examine whether these relationships are causal, as well as considering the contribution of other variables such as genetics, lifestyle, policy, and healthcare system. The results of this study support the value of a population-level association design in microbiome research in general and for the microbiome-COVID-19 relationship, in particular. Finally, this research underscores the potential of TDA for microbiome studies, and in identifying novel associations.
Biofilm aggregates and the host airway-microbial interface
Authors: Hall-Stoodley Luanne , McCoy Karen S.
Published: August 2022

Biofilms are multicellular microbial aggregates that can be associated with host mucosal epithelia in the airway, gut, and genitourinary tract. The host environment plays a critical role in the establishment of these microbial communities in both health and disease. These host mucosal microenvironments however are distinct histologically, functionally, and regarding nutrient availability. This review discusses the specific mucosal epithelial microenvironments lining the airway, focusing on: i) biofilms in the human respiratory tract and the unique airway microenvironments that make it exquisitely suited to defend against infection, and ii) how airway pathophysiology and dysfunctional barrier/clearance mechanisms due to genetic mutations, damage, and inflammation contribute to biofilm infections. The host cellular responses to infection that contribute to resolution or exacerbation, and insights about evaluating and therapeutically targeting airway-associated biofilm infections are briefly discussed. Since so many studies have focused on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the context of cystic fibrosis (CF) or on Haemophilus influenzae in the context of upper and lower respiratory diseases, these bacteria are used as examples. However, there are notable differences in diseased airway microenvironments and the unique pathophysiology specific to the bacterial pathogens themselves.
Giardial lipid rafts share virulence factors with secreted vesicles and participate in parasitic infection in mice
Authors: Grajeda Brian I. , De Chatterjee Atasi , Villalobos Carmen M. , Pence Breanna C. , Ellis Cameron C. , Enriquez Vanessa , Roy Sourav , Roychowdhury Sukla , Neumann Aaron K. , Almeida Igor C. , Patterson Steven E. , Das Siddhartha
Published: August 2022

Giardia lamblia, a protozoan parasite, is a major cause of waterborne infection, worldwide. While the trophozoite form of this parasite induces pathological symptoms in the gut, the cyst form transmits the infection. Since Giardia is a noninvasive parasite, the actual mechanism by which it causes disease remains elusive. We have previously reported that Giardia assembles cholesterol and GM1 glycosphingolipid-enriched lipid rafts (LRs) that participate in encystation and cyst production. To further delineate the role of LRs in pathogenesis, we isolated LRs from Giardia and subjected them to proteomic analysis. Various cellular proteins including potential virulence factors—e.g., giardins, variant surface proteins, arginine deaminases, elongation factors, ornithine carbomyltransferases, and high cysteine-rich membrane proteins—were found to be present in LRs. Since Giardia secretes virulence factors encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) that induce proinflammatory responses in hosts, EVs released by the parasite were isolated and subjected to nanoparticle tracking and proteomic analysis. Two types of EV—i.e., small vesicles (SVs; <100 nm, exosome-like particles) and large vesicles (LVs; 100–400 nm, microvesicle-like particles)—were identified and found to contain a diverse group of proteins including above potential virulence factors. Although pretreatment of the parasite with two giardial lipid raft (gLR) disruptors, nystatin (27 μM) and oseltamivir (20 μM), altered the expression profiles of virulence factors in LVs and SVs, the effects were more robust in the case of SVs. To examine the potential role of rafts and vesicles in pathogenicity, Giardia-infected mice were treated with oseltamivir (1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg), and the shedding of cysts were monitored. We observed that this drug significantly reduced the parasite load in mice. Taken together, our results suggest that virulence factors partitioning in gLRs, released into the extracellular milieu via SVs and LVs, participate in spread of giardiasis and could be targeted for future drug development.
Competitive fitness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in human and murine precision-cut lung slices
Authors: Cramer Nina , Nawrot Marie Luise , Wege Lion , Dorda Marie , Sommer Charline , Danov Olga , Wronski Sabine , Braun Armin , Jonigk Danny , Fischer Sebastian , Munder Antje , Tümmler Burkhard
Published: August 2022

Chronic respiratory infections with the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa are an important co-morbidity for the quality of life and prognosis of people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Such long-term colonization, sometimes lasting up to several decades, represents a unique opportunity to investigate pathogen adaptation processes to the host. Our studies aimed to resolve if and to what extent the bacterial adaptation to the CF airways influences the fitness of the pathogen to grow and to persist in the lungs. Marker-free competitive fitness experiments of serial P. aeruginosa isolates differentiated by strain-specific SNPs, were performed with murine and human precision cut lung slices (PCLS). Serial P. aeruginosa isolates were selected from six mild and six severe CF patient courses, respectively. MPCLS or hPCLS were inoculated with a mixture of equal numbers of the serial isolates of one course. The temporal change of the composition of the bacterial community during competitive growth was quantified by multi-marker amplicon sequencing. Both ex vivo models displayed a strong separation of fitness traits between mild and severe courses. Whereas the earlier isolates dominated the competition in the severe courses, intermediate and late isolates commonly won the competition in the mild courses. The status of the CF lung disease rather than the bacterial genotype drives the adaptation of P. aeruginosa during chronic CF lung infection. This implies that the disease status of the lung habitat governed the adaptation of P. aeruginosa more strongly than the underlying bacterial clone-type and its genetic repertoire.
Provincial heterogeneity in the management of care cascade for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia in China: Analysis of nationally representative population-based survey
Authors: Zhao Yang , Anindya Kanya , Atun Rifat , Marthias Tiara , Han Chunlei , McPake Barbara , Duolikun Nadila , Hulse Emily , Fang Xinyue , Ding Yimin , Oldenburg Brian , Lee John Tayu
Published: August 2022

Background

This study aims to examine (1) province-level variations in the levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and behavioral risk for CVDs, (2) province-level variations in the management of cascade of care for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia, and (3) the association of province-level economic development and individual factors with the quality of care for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia.

Methods

We used nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2015, which included 12,597 participants aged 45 years. Using a care cascade framework, we examined the quality of care provided to patients with three prevalent NCDs: hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. The proportion of WHO CVD risk based on the World Health Organization CVD risk prediction charts, Cardiovascular Risk Score (CRS) and Behavior Risk Score (BRS) were calculated. We performed multivariable logistic regression models to determine the individual-level drivers of NCD risk variables and outcomes. To examine socio-demographic relationships with CVD risk, linear regression models were applied.

Results

In total, the average CRS was 4.98 (95% CI: 4.92, 5.05), while the average BRS was 3.10 (95% confidence interval: 3.04, 3.15). The weighted mean CRS (BRS) in Fujian province ranged from 4.36 to 5.72 (P < 0.05). Most of the provinces had a greater rate of hypertension than diabetes and dyslipidaemia awareness and treatment. Northern provinces had a higher rate of awareness and treatment of all three diseases. Similar patterns of regional disparity were seen in diabetes and dyslipidaemia care cascades. There was no evidence of a better care cascade for CVDs in patients who reside in more economically advanced provinces.

Conclusion

Our research found significant provincial heterogeneity in the CVD risk scores and the management of the cascade of care for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia for persons aged 45 years or more. To improve the management of cascade of care and to eliminate regional and disparities in CVD care and risk factors in China, local and population-based focused interventions are necessary.