bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Fish-scale’-mimicked stretchable and robust oil-wettability that performs in various practically relevant physically/chemically severe scenarios
Authors: Parbat Dibyangana , Manna Uttam
Published: May 2018

A covalently cross-linked ‘reactive’ multilayer was strategically associated with a stretchable fibrous substrate to design a ‘fish-scale’-mimicked stretchable and durable interface, which was capable of sustaining high tensile deformation (150%) for 1000 times, and it was also efficient in performing under various physically/chemically severe scenarios.
A strategy for high radioprotective activity via the assembly of the PprI protein with a ROS-sensitive polymeric carrier
Authors: Zhang Huijun , Cai Suya , Zhang Yushuo , Xu Meiyun , Kuang Liangju , Hua Daoben
Published: May 2018

A strategy is developed for highly effective radioprotection with the PprI protein using a ROS-sensitive polymeric carrier.
Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced apoptosis in breast carcinoma cells through a pH-dependent intracellular quercetin NDDS of PVPylated-TiO2NPs
Authors: Ponraj Thondhi , Vivek Raju , Paulpandi Manickam , Rejeeth Chandrababu , Nipun Babu Varukattu , Vimala Karuppaiya , Anand Krishnan , Sivaselvam Subramani , Vasanthakumar Alagarsamy , Ponpandian Nagamony , Kannan Soundarapandian
Published: May 2018

In this article, we report the validation of cancer nanotherapy for treatment of cancers using quercetin (Qtn).
Diagnosis by simplicity: an aptachip for dopamine capture and accurate detection with a dual colorimetric and fluorometric system
Authors: Lin Tzu-Yang , Wei Kuo-Chen , Ju Shin-Pon , Huang Chiung-Yin , Yang Hung-Wei
Published: May 2018

Herein, we aim to rapidly fabricate an aptachip with a dual colorimetric and fluorometric sensing strategy for simple dopamine detection with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Novel two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXenes/nano-carbon sphere hybrids for high-performance microwave absorption
Authors: Dai Binzhou , Zhao Biao , Xie Xi , Su Tingting , Fan Bingbing , Zhang Rui , Yang Rui
Published: May 2018

Carbon spheres appeared for the first time during the process of etching Ti3AlC2 using hydrofluoric acid.
Preparation of CsPbBr3@PS composite microspheres with high stability by electrospraying
Authors: Yang Xiaoling , Xu Tengjing , Zhu Yihua , Cai Jin , Gu Kailun , Zhu Jingrun , Wang Yuanwei , Shen Jianhua , Li Chunzhong
Published: May 2018

Perovskite quantum dots embedded in polystyrene (PQDs@PS) microspheres were prepared by electrospraying. A perovskite LED (UV-LED coated with PQDs@PS) shows bright luminescence in water with high stability.
Improving light extraction of flexible OLEDs using a mechanically robust Ag mesh/ITO composite electrode and microlens array
Authors: Shin So-Ra , Lee Hock Beng , Jin Won-Yong , Ko Keum-Jin , Park Sunghee , Yoo Seunghyup , Kang Jae-Wook
Published: May 2018

In this study, we designed a highly flexible, mechanically robust Ag mesh/ITO composite transparent conducting electrode (TCE) integrated with a microlens array (MLA) to improve the light extraction of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Adolescent Summaries of Narrative and Expository Discourse: Differences and Predictors
Authors: Lundine Jennifer P. , Harnish Stacy M. , McCauley Rebecca J. , Blackett Deena Schwen , Zezinka Alexandra , Chen Wei , Fox Robert A.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Summarizing expository passages is a critical academic skill that is understudied in language research. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of verbal summaries produced by adolescents for 3 different discourse types and to determine whether a composite measure of cognitive skill or a test of expressive syntax predicted their performance.

Method

Fifty adolescents listened to, and then verbally summarized, 1 narrative and 2 expository lectures (compare–contrast and cause–effect). They also participated in testing that targeted expressive syntax and 5 cognitive subdomains.

Results

Summary quality scores were significantly different across discourse types, with a medium effect size. Analyses revealed significantly higher summary quality scores for cause–effect than compare–contrast summaries. Although the composite cognitive measure contributed significantly to the prediction of quality scores for both types of expository summaries, the expressive syntax score only contributed significantly to the quality scores for narrative summaries.

Conclusions

These results support previous research indicating that type of expository discourse may impact student performance. These results also show, for the first time, that cognition may play a predictive role in determining summary quality for expository but not narrative passages in this population. In addition, despite the more complex syntax commonly associated with exposition versus narratives, an expressive syntax score was only predictive of performance on narrative summaries. These findings provide new information, questions, and directions for future research for those who study academic discourse and for professionals who must identify and manage the problems of students struggling with different types of academic discourse.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6167879
UHF RFID system for wirelessly detection of corrosion based on resonance frequency shift in forward interrogation power
Authors: Soodmand Soheyl , Zhao Aobo , Tian Gui Yun
Published: May 2018

A radio frequency identification (RFID) based system is developed in this paper as a novel passive wireless sensor to detect corrosion for structural health monitoring (SHM) of metallic surface through simulation, design, fabrication and experiment. Firstly, a 2D label‐type antenna in a new configuration – circular three arm (CTA) element – is designed as an ultrahigh frequency (UHF) RFID sensor tag working on surface of steel samples. To improve gain and power transmission coefficient, a parasitic element has been added into the centre of CTA. The CTA antenna attached with the parasitic element – so called (CTAP) sensor – has a quality factor notably higher than similar metal mountable UHF RFID antennas that has been resulted to revelation of resonance frequency in measured forward interrogation power. A demonstration and validation system are introduced then to detect corrosion based on the shift of revealed resonance frequency in the forward interrogation power to activate the CTAP tag when placed on surface of corroded and non‐corroded steel samples. Results show that the presented system could communicate with sensor tag to detect corrosion up to 2 m of read monitoring range at the UHF RFID standard bandwidth with a sensitivity around of 13 MHz.
Control of integrated single‐phase PFC charger for EVs
Authors: Truntič Mitja , Konjedic Tine , Milanovič Miro , Šlibar Primož , Rodič Miran
Published: May 2018

This study discusses a converter structure appropriate for charging the batteries of an electric vehicle (EV). The structure is obtained by a transformation of a conventional three‐phase inverter, which is already present in an EV's power‐train system. Since the motor inverter's semiconductor components and the electric motor's windings form the battery charger's circuit, a reduction in the power‐train system's size and weight is achievable. The proposed fully integrated battery charger operates alternately in two modes, buck and boost, while providing power factor (PF) correction capability continuously. This study also proposes an input current control strategy that ensures smooth operating mode transitions, which occur during the operation of a battery charger. The control is entirely implemented within a microcontroller and ensures operation with a high PF and low total harmonic distortion of the input current. The performance of the discussed converter using the proposed control scheme was verified experimentally.
Impact of radial deviation of electron beam on backward wave oscillation in helix TWT
Authors: Zhang Jin , Yuan Huiyu , Zhao Xingqun , Bai Ningfeng , Shen Changsheng , Fan Hehong , Sun Xiaohan , Chen Bo , Feng Jinjun , Yan Tiechang
Published: May 2018

In this study, the impact of radial deviation of the electron beam on backward wave oscillation (BWO) in a helix travelling wave tube (TWT) is explored. By using CST simulation, the output power of a helix TWT with the electron beam deviation of 0.01 mm is obtained and compared with that of a normal TWT. We found that the output power of the helix TWT changes by 40 W. By analysing the backward wave signal when the TWT works at 11 GHz for different values of the radial deviation of the electron beam, we found that the backward wave amplitude increases as the radial deviation of the electron beam increases. When the radial deviation reaches 0.04 mm (9.5% relative to the electron beam), the backward wave starts to oscillate. When the radial deviation reaches 0.06 mm (14.3% relative to the electron beam), the BWO becomes more severe. It has been proved that the radial deviation of the electron beam is one of the contributing factors for BWO in the helix TWT.
Design and simulation of the high‐frequency structure for a G‐band extended interaction klystron
Authors: Hu Linlin , Zeng Zaojin , Chen Hongbin , Ma Guowu , Meng Fanbao
Published: May 2018

The G‐band spectrum has been demonstrated to be the frequency of the next generation of space‐borne and ground‐based cloud radar for its higher spatial resolution. Extended interaction klystron (EIK) is one of the most suitable sources for the radar due to its longer lifetime and higher power compared with similar devices. The design and particle simulation of high‐frequency structure for G‐band EIK are presented in this study. The structure employs multiple resonant cavities, and each cavity adopts the ladder‐type multi‐gap structure. The cavities are operating at 2π mode considering the machinability. The simulation result indicates that the amplifier could generate a power of 125 W at 237.5 GHz when driven by a 20 kV, 200 mA round beam and 100 mW input power. This work will be of great potential to develop the G‐band EIK with power above 100 W.
Design of a Vlasov mode converter of 263 GHz gyrotron oscillator for DNP‐NMR
Authors: Li Zhiliang , Feng Jinjun
Published: May 2018

This paper presents design and simulation of a quasi‐optical mode converter of 263 GHz gyrotron oscillator operating in the circular TE03 mode for dynamic nuclear polarisation enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP‐NMR). The converter consists of a Vlasov stepped‐cut launcher, and additional wave beam‐shaping reflectors, including an elliptical reflector and a parabolic reflector. First, the preliminary parameters of the launcher are designed with the geometric optics theory. Next, both geometric optics and vector diffraction theory are used to simulate the propagation of wave beam in the mode converter system. Finally, operation of the mode converter was simulated, based on the physical model of Vlasov mode converter for 263 GHz TE03 mode gyrotron oscillator. The simulated results show that a good fundamental Gaussian mode is converted at the output window from the TE03 mode, and that the power conversion efficiency and the vector correlation are 90.11 and 85.23%, respectively.
The chemical composition of α Centauri AB revisited
Authors: Morel Thierry
Published: May 2018

The two solar-like stars α Cen A and B have long served as cornerstones for stellar physics in virtue of their immediate proximity, association in a visual binary, and masses that bracket that of the Sun. The recent detection of a terrestrial planet in the cool, suspected tertiary Proxima Cen now makes the system also of prime interest in the context of planetary studies. It is therefore of fundamental importance to tightly constrain the properties of the individual stellar components. We present a fully self-consistent, line-by-line differential abundance analysis of α Cen AB based on high-quality HARPS data. Various line lists are used and analysis strategies implemented to improve the reliability of the results. Abundances of 21 species with a typical precision of 0.02–0.03 dex are reported. We find that the chemical composition of the two stars is not scaled solar (e.g. Na and Ni excess, depletion of neutron-capture elements), but that their patterns are strikingly similar, with a mean abundance difference (A – B) with respect to hydrogen of –0.01 ± 0.04 dex. Much of the scatter may be ascribed to physical effects that are not fully removed through a differential analysis because of the mismatch in parameters between the two components. We derive an age for the system from abundance indicators (e.g. [Y/Mg] and [Y/Al]) that is slightly larger than solar and in agreement with most asteroseismic results. Assuming coeval formation for the three components belonging to the system, this implies an age of about ~6 Gyrs for the M dwarf hosting the terrestrial planet Proxima Cen b. After correction for Galactic chemical evolution effects, we find a trend between the abundance ratios and condensation temperature in α Cen A akin to that of the Sun. However, taking this finding as evidence for the sequestration of rocky material locked up in planets may be premature given that a clear link between the two phenomena remains to be established. The similarity between the abundance pattern of the binary components argues against the swallowing of a massive planet by one of the stars after the convective zones have shrunk to their present-day sizes.
Influence des interactions entre écrans de soutènement sur le calcul de la butée
Authors: Magnan Jean-Pierre , Meyer Grégory
Published: May 2018

La mobilisation de la butée devant un écran implique un volume de sol important, sur une distance plus grande que la fiche et qui dépend des paramètres du calcul. L’article passe en revue les méthodes de calcul utilisées pour évaluer la butée, en insistant sur la distance nécessaire au libre développement du mécanisme de butée. Il évalue ensuite de différentes façons l’effet de l’interaction entre deux écrans placés face à face de part et d’autre d’une excavation. La méthode recommandée pour calculer la butée mobilisable consiste à faire un calcul en éléments finis avec des valeurs réduites des paramètres de résistance au cisaillement dans la zone où se développera la butée. Cette démarche permet de déterminer des facteurs correctifs à appliquer au calcul de la butée d’un écran isolé en fonction du rapport de la distance entre écrans à leur fiche.
La gencive péri-implantaire. Anatomie, pathologie, vieillissement
Authors: Bert M.
Published: May 2018

Source initiale de controverses, la gencive péri-implantaire est une structure biologique maintenant relativement bien connue.

La gencive péri-implantaire saine montre une grande ressemblance avec l’attache épithélio-conjonctive dentaire. Au niveau de l’épithélium, le sillon gingivo-implantaire ne comporte que quelques couches cellulaires, sans digitations, cellules positives à l’acide per-iodique de Schiff, traduisant la présence de muco-polysaccharides. Au niveau du tissu conjonctif, on trouve des fibres circulaires et des fibres perpendiculaires à la surface du titane.

La gencive péri-implantaire pathologique montre, surtout en présence de plaque bactérienne, des infiltrats inflammatoires importants entre l’épithélium et le tissu conjonctif ainsi que des signes d’oedème de ces tissus.

L’étude de l’évolution de cette structure dans le temps montre, lorsque l’hygiène est acceptable, un maintien de la qualité des tissus et un renforcement de la gencive kératinisée ou sa création lorsqu’elle n’était pas présente initialement.
Troubles temporo-mandibulaires d’origine musculaire et orthodontie
Authors: Gil H.
Published: May 2018

Face à des troubles fonctionnels oro-faciaux, la prise en charge kinésithérapique permet de traiter les douleurs et les dysfonctions de l’appareil manducateur. Lorsque ceux-ci sont diagnostiqués en amont d’un traitement orthodontique, il est nécessaire de les traiter afin qu’ils n’interfèrent pas avec le bon déroulement du traitement ODF. Dans cette optique, la rééducation linguale selon la méthode « Fournier » est associée au training autogène de Schultz.
L’électricité, l’énergie de demain
Authors: Siess Damien
Published: May 2018

L’électricité est un vecteur énergétique particulièrement versatile. Il existe de multiples technologies pour la produire et de nombreux usages auxquels elle peut répondre. Il y a ce que l’on appelle les usages spécifiques de l’électricité, c’est-à-dire pour lesquels l’électricité est la seule énergie possible, comme par exemple l’éclairage, l’électroménager, l’électronique et plus généralement toutes les technologies du numérique. Les usages thermiques, où l’électricité produit de la chaleur ou du froid, comme la cuisson, le chauffage des bâtiments ou leur climatisation. Et enfin d’autres usages, comme par exemple pour générer de la force mécanique à l’aide de moteurs, qu’ils soient à vocation industrielle ou intégrés dans des moyens de transport de tous types. En théorie, à peu près tous les usages sont « électrifiables », aussi bien dans le bâtiment que dans les transports ou l’industrie. Mais quelles sont les perspectives pour demain et les facteurs d’adoption ?
Le nucléaire français dans le système énergétique européen
Authors: Berthélemy Michel , Beutier Didier , David Jacques , Devezeaux de Lavergne Jean-Guy , Le Ngoc Boris , Faudon Valérie
Published: May 2018

Dans le cadre de la Programmation pluriannuelle de l’énergie (PPE), la SFEN présente pour la première fois une analyse des scénarios énergétiques. Ces derniers offrent un éclairage complémentaire aux scénarios de RTE et sont cohérents avec les ambitions de la France en matière de lutte contre le changement climatique. Ce travail vise à identifier les trajectoires de long terme les plus efficaces d’un point de vue économique pour atteindre en 2050 les objectifs de décarbonation des systèmes énergétiques français et européens.
Assessment: LoMo 3-6 – Motorische Leistungsfähigkeit im Vorschulalter messen
Authors: Jascenoka Julia , Petermann Franz
Published: May 2018

Das Leistungsinventar zur objektiven Überprüfung der Motorik eignet sich für 3- bis 6-jährige Kinder. Mit dem Test können Ergotherapeuten den motorischen Entwicklungsstand eines Kindes beurteilen, zum Beispiel wenn der Verdacht auf eine umschriebene Entwicklungsstörung motorischer Funktionen (UEMF) besteht.
Intensivbehandlung nach Quetschverletzungen mit CRPS – Die Hand angst- und schmerzfrei einsetzen
Authors: Reinhold Ina
Published: May 2018

Ina Reinhold stellt ein stationäres Programm für Patienten vor, die nach einer Quetschverletzung ein CRPS entwickelt haben. Während ihres Klinikaufenthaltes erlernen diese, die betroffene Extremität wieder in ihr Körperbild zu integrieren sowie ihre Hand im Alltag einzusetzen.
Wissen für die Kitteltasche
Authors: Wolter Björn , Krüger Lars
Published: May 2018

Im Rahmen der Einarbeitung auf einer Intensivstation ist es für Berufsanfänger in der Pflege oft mühsam, sich alle Einzelheiten und neuen Informationen zu
merken. Viele Pflegende beschreiben daher kleine „Oktavhefte“ mit den wichtigsten Informationen, die sie dann in ihrer Kitteltasche mit sich tragen. Das Herz-
und Diabeteszentrum NRW nutzt mit dem „Helpi“ für die Intensivstationen in der Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie eine neue Methode. Dabei ist das
wichtigste Wissen komprimiert zusammengefasst und in ein praxisnahes Format gebracht. Die Mitarbeiter der Intensivstationen machen damit sehr gute
Erfahrungen.
Hemostasis during Extreme Exertion
Authors: Miszta Adam , Kelchtermans Hilde , De Laat Bas , Kicken Cécile
Published: May 2018

Exercise is protective against cardiovascular disease, but can also provoke sudden cardiac death, a phenomenon referred to as “the exercise paradox.” Extreme exertion is known to induce a rebalanced hemostatic state by causing hypercoagulability and concomitantly enhanced fibrinolysis. Over the past decade, novel techniques for quantifying hemostasis have been introduced, which may provide new insights into this process. This review summarizes recent literature on the effect of extreme exertion of both short and long duration on coagulation, fibrinolysis, and recovery of hemostatic balance. Extreme exertion introduces a temporary hypercoagulable state, mainly through upregulation of the contact pathway by increased FVIII levels. Additionally, von Willebrand factor levels and platelet activation are increased. Simultaneously, increased fibrinolysis results from increased tissue-type plasminogen activator levels, suggesting a rebalanced hemostasis. The vascular endothelium appears to play a pivotal role in both processes. Data on the effect of exercise on endogenous anticoagulants are scarce. Hypercoagulability persists for hours to a day after prolonged extreme exertion, while fibrinolytic parameters appear to return to baseline levels more quickly. Hence, the balance in the rebalanced hemostatic state may be lost during recovery. Training induces lower amplitude of the hypercoagulable response, and quicker recuperation toward baseline. Repetitive exercise exhausts the endothelium, attenuating procoagulant changes. Additional research is needed to identify if the hemostatic balance is lost during recovery, and if so, when the shift toward thrombosis appears. Moreover, differences between sexes need to be addressed, since women are known to have a different pathophysiological mechanism behind cardiovascular events, but are underrepresented in recent literature.
Prospective Study on Several Urinary Biomarkers as Indicators of Renal Damage in Children with CAKUT
Authors: Pastore Valentina , Calè Isabella , Aceto Gabriella , Campanella Vittoria , Lasalandra Carla , Magaldi Simona , Niglio Francesco , Basile Angela , Cocomazzi Raffaella , Bartoli Fabio
Published: May 2018

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate urinary levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), β-2-microglobulin (β2M), and FAS-ligand (FAS-L) in children with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) disease at risk of developing glomerular hyperfiltration syndrome. For this reason, we selected patients with multicystic kidney, renal agenesia and renal hypodysplasia, or underwent single nephrectomy.

Materials and Methods This prospective, multicentric study was conducted in collaboration between the Pediatric Surgery Unit in Foggia and the Pediatric Nephrology Unit in Bari, Italy. We enrolled 80 children with CAKUT (40 hypodysplasia, 22 agenetic; 10 multicystic; 8 nephrectomy) who underwent extensive urological and nephrological workup. Exclusion criteria were recent urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis, age > 14 years, presence of systemic disease, or hypertension. A single urine sample was collected in a noninvasive way and processed for measuring by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay urine levels of MCP-1, EGF, β2M, and FAS-L. As control, urine samples were taken from 30 healthy children.

Furthermore, we evaluated the urinary ratios uEGF/uMCP-1 (indicator of regenerative vs inflammatory response) and uEGF/uβ2M (indicator of regenerative response vs. tubular damage).

Results These results suggest that urinary levels of MCP-1 are overexpressed in CAKUT patients. Furthermore, our findings clearly demonstrated that both uEGF/uMCP-1 and uEGF/uβ2M ratios were significantly downregulated in all patient groups when compared with the control group.

Conclusion These findings further support that CAKUT patients may, eventually, experience progressive renal damage and poor regenerative response. The increased urinary levels of MCP-1 in all groups of CAKUT patients suggested that the main factor responsible for the above effects is chronic renal inflammation mediated by local monocytes.
Naltrexon/Bupropion in der Adipositastherapie
Authors: Blüher M.
Published: May 2018

In der Therapie der Adipositas reichen häufig konservative Basistherapiemaßnahmen wie eine energiereduzierte Mischkost, eine Erhöhung der körperlichen Aktivität sowie eine Verhaltensmodifikation nicht aus, um die individuellen Gesundheitsziele langfristig zu erreichen. Eine medikamentöse Therapie kann bei nicht ausreichendem Erfolg in Kombination mit dem Basisprogramm erwogen werden. Seit Januar 2018 ist mit Naltrexon 32mg/Bupropion 360mg eine neue Pharmakotherapie der Adipositas in Deutschland eingeführt. Naltrexon ist ein _-Opioidrezeptor- Antagonist und Bupropion ein schwacher Inhibitor der neuronalen Dopamin- und Noradrenalin- Wiederaufnahme die zusammen über die Wirkung auf den Nucleus arcuatus des Hypothalamus und das mesolimbische dopaminerge Belohnungssystem zu einer Verringerung der Nahrungsaufnahme beitragen. Die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Naltrexon/Bupropion wurde zusätzlich zur Basistherapie in vier doppelblinden Placebo-kontrollierten Phase III-Studien bei 4 536 Personen mit Adipositas oder Übergewicht über einen Zeitraum von 56 Wochen untersucht (COR-I, COR-II, CORBMOD, COR-Diabetes). Unter Naltrexon/Bupropion wurde in der COR-I Studie eine durchschnittliche prozentuale Gewichtsabnahme von 5,4% im Vergleich zu 1,3% in der Placebogruppe erzielt. Zu den häufigsten Nebenwirkungen von Naltrexon/Bupropion zählen Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Obstipation, Durchfall, Schlaflosigkeit, Kopfschmerzen, Schwindel und Mundtrockenheit.
Diabetes und Soziales
Authors: Ebert Oliver
Published: May 2018

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases at all ages. Diabetes and consequential damages can have a significant impact on the capability on affected people.

Drug therapy resp. hypoglycemia can compromise the driving ability; problems in the choice of profession and in the daily work routine are possible.

This paper aims to highlight said social implications and gives legal background information.
Maya Lindholm – „Vorher war ich total schüchtern und eher eine Couch-Potato“
Authors: van Hülsen Madita
Published: May 2018

Mit 27 Jahren spielt sie in der deutschen Rollstuhlbasketball-Nationalmannschaft und arbeitet erfolgreich als Ergotherapeutin am BG Klinikum Hamburg. Maya Lindholm über Inklusion, Chancen und viel Mut für Neues.
Nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations and their soliton solutions
Authors: Gürses Metin , Pekcan Aslı
Published: May 2018

We study standard and nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations obtained from the coupled NLS system of equations (Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) equations) by using standard and nonlocal reductions, respectively. By using the Hirota bilinear method, we first find soliton solutions of the coupled NLS system of equations; then using the reduction formulas, we find the soliton solutions of the standard and nonlocal NLS equations. We give examples for particular values of the parameters and plot the function |q(t, x)|2 for the standard and nonlocal NLS equations.
Aluminum nitride coatings using response surface methodology to optimize the thermal dissipated performance of light-emitting diode modules
Authors: Jean Ming-Der , Lei Peng-Da , Kong Ling-Hua , Liu Cheng-Wu
Published: May 2018

This study optimizes the thermal dissipation ability of aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics to increase the thermal performance of light-emitting diode (LED) modulus. AlN powders are deposited on heat sink as a heat interface material, using an electrostatic spraying process. The junction temperature of the heat sink is developed by response surface methodology based on Taguchi methods. In addition, the structure and properties of the AlN coating are examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the XPS analysis, the AlN sub-peaks are observed at 72.79 eV for Al2p and 398.88 eV for N1s, and an N1s sub-peak is assigned to N-O at 398.60eV and Al–N bonding at 395.95eV, which allows good thermal properties. The results have shown that the use of AlN ceramic material on a heat sink can enhance the thermal performance of LED modules. In addition, the percentage error between the predicted and experimental results compared the quadric model with between the linear and he interaction models was found to be within 7.89%, indicating that it was a good predictor. Accordingly, RSM can effectively enhance the thermal performance of an LED, and the beneficial heat dissipation effects for AlN are improved by electrostatic spraying.
Comparison of approximate solutions to the phonon Boltzmann transport equation with the relaxation time approximation: Spherical harmonics expansions and the discrete ordinates method
Authors: Christenson J. G. , Austin R. A. , Phillips R. J.
Published: May 2018

The phonon Boltzmann transport equation is used to analyze model problems in one and two spatial dimensions, under transient and steady-state conditions. New, explicit solutions are obtained by using the P1 and P3 approximations, based on expansions in spherical harmonics, and are compared with solutions from the discrete ordinates method. For steady-state energy transfer, it is shown that analytic expressions derived using the P1 and P3 approximations agree quantitatively with the discrete ordinates method, in some cases for large Knudsen numbers, and always for Knudsen numbers less than unity. However, for time-dependent energy transfer, the PN solutions differ qualitatively from converged solutions obtained by the discrete ordinates method. Although they correctly capture the wave-like behavior of energy transfer at short times, the P1 and P3 approximations rely on one or two wave velocities, respectively, yielding abrupt, step-changes in temperature profiles that are absent when the angular dependence of the phonon velocities is captured more completely. It is shown that, with the gray approximation, the P1 approximation is formally equivalent to the so-called “hyperbolic heat equation.” Overall, these results support the use of the PN approximation to find solutions to the phonon Boltzmann transport equation for steady-state conditions. Such solutions can be useful in the design and analysis of devices that involve heat transfer at nanometer length scales, where continuum-scale approaches become inaccurate.
Accelerated carrier recombination by grain boundary/edge defects in MBE grown transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Chen Ke , Roy Anupam , Rai Amritesh , Movva Hema C. P. , Meng Xianghai , He Feng , Banerjee Sanjay K. , Wang Yaguo
Published: May 2018

Defect-carrier interaction in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) plays important roles in carrier relaxation dynamics and carrier transport, which determines the performance of electronic devices. With femtosecond laser time-resolved spectroscopy, we investigated the effect of grain boundary/edge defects on the ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited carrier in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown MoTe2 and MoSe2. We found that, comparing with exfoliated samples, the carrier recombination rate in MBE-grown samples accelerates by about 50 times. We attribute this striking difference to the existence of abundant grain boundary/edge defects in MBE-grown samples, which can serve as effective recombination centers for the photoexcited carriers. We also observed coherent acoustic phonons in both exfoliated and MBE-grown MoTe2, indicating strong electron-phonon coupling in this materials. Our measured sound velocity agrees well with the previously reported result of theoretical calculation. Our findings provide a useful reference for the fundamental parameters: carrier lifetime and sound velocity and reveal the undiscovered carrier recombination effect of grain boundary/edge defects, both of which will facilitate the defect engineering in TMD materials for high speed opto-electronics.
Separation of particles by size from a suspension using the motion of a confined bubble
Authors: Yu Yingxian Estella , Khodaparast Sepideh , Stone Howard A.
Published: May 2018

When confined in a liquid-filled circular cylinder, a long air bubble moves slightly faster than the bulk liquid as a small fraction of the liquid leaks through a very thin annular gap between the bubble and the internal wall of the cylinder. At low velocities, the thickness of this lubricating film formed around the bubble is set only by the liquid properties and the translational speed of the bubble and thus can be tuned in a simple fashion. Here, we use this setting to filter, based on size, micron-size particles that are originally dispersed in a suspension. Furthermore, we apply this process for separation of particles from a polydisperse solution. The bubble interface is free of particles initially, and particles of different sizes can enter the liquid film region. Particle separation occurs when the thickness of the lubricating liquid film falls between the diameters of the two different particles. While large particles will be collected at the bubble surface, smaller particles can leak through the thin film and reach the fluid region behind the bubble. As a result, the film thickness can be fine-tuned by simply adjusting the speed of a translating confined bubble, so as to achieve separation of particles by size based on the relative particle diameter compared to the film thickness.
Correlation between dislocations and leakage current of p-n diodes on a free-standing GaN substrate
Authors: Usami Shigeyoshi , Ando Yuto , Tanaka Atsushi , Nagamatsu Kentaro , Deki Manato , Kushimoto Maki , Nitta Shugo , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi , Sugawara Yoshihiro , Yao Yong-Zhao , Ishikawa Yukari
Published: May 2018

Dislocations that cause a reverse leakage current in vertical p-n diodes on a GaN free-standing substrate were investigated. Under a high reverse bias, dot-like leakage spots were observed using an emission microscope. Subsequent cathodoluminescence (CL) observations revealed that the leakage spots coincided with part of the CL dark spots, indicating that some types of dislocation cause reverse leakage. When etch pits were formed on the dislocations by KOH etching, three sizes of etch pits were obtained (large, medium, and small). Among these etch pits, only the medium pits coincided with leakage spots. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that pure screw dislocations are present under the leakage spots. The results revealed that 1c pure screw dislocations are related to the reverse leakage in vertical p-n diodes.
Improving the photoresponse spectra of BaSi2 layers by capping with hydrogenated amorphous Si layers prepared by radio-frequency hydrogen plasma
Authors: Xu Zhihao , Gotoh Kazuhiro , Deng Tianguo , Sato Takuma , Takabe Ryota , Toko Kaoru , Usami Noritaka , Suemasu Takashi
Published: May 2018

We studied the surface passivation effect of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layers on BaSi2 films. a-Si:H was formed by an electron-beam evaporation of Si, and a supply of atomic hydrogen using radio-frequency plasma. Surface passivation effect was first investigated on a conventional n-Si(111) substrate by capping with 20 nm-thick a-Si:H layers, and next on a 0.5 μm-thick BaSi2 film on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy. The internal quantum efficiency distinctly increased by 4 times in a wide wavelength range for sample capped in situ with a 3 nm-thick a-Si:H layer compared to those capped with a pure a-Si layer.
Thermal and electron transport studies on the valence fluctuating compound YbNiAl4
Authors: Falkowski M. , Kowalczyk A.
Published: May 2018

We report the thermoelectric power S and thermal conductivity κ measurements on the valence fluctuating compound YbNiAl4, furthermore taking into account the impact of the applied magnetic field. We discuss our new results with revisiting the magnetic [χ(T)], transport [ρ(T)], and thermodynamic [Cp(T)] properties in order to better understand the phenomenon of thermal and electron transport in this compound. The field dependence of the magnetoresistivity data is also given. The temperature dependence of thermoelectric power S(T) was found to exhibit a similar behaviour as expected for Yb-based compounds with divalent or nearly divalent Yb ions. In addition, the values of total thermal conductivity as a function of temperature κ(T) of YbNiAl4 are fairly low compared to those of pure metals which may be linked to the fact that the conduction band is perturbed by strong hybridization. A deeper analysis of the specific heat revealed the low-T anomaly of the ratio Cp(T)/T3, most likely associated with the localized low-frequency oscillators in this alloy. In addition, the Kadowaki-Woods ratio and the Wilson ratio are discussed with respect to the electronic correlations in YbNiAl4.
Hall effects on unsteady MHD flow of second grade fluid through porous medium with ramped wall temperature and ramped surface concentration
Authors: VeeraKrishna M. , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: May 2018

The heat generation/absorption and thermo-diffusion on an unsteady free convective MHD flow of radiating and chemically reactive second grade fluid near an infinite vertical plate through a porous medium and taking the Hall current into account have been studied. Assume that the bounding plate has a ramped temperature with a ramped surface concentration and isothermal temperature with a ramped surface concentration. The analytical solutions for the governing equations are obtained by making use of the Laplace transforms technique. The velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed through graphs. We also found that velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles in the case of ramped temperature with ramped surface concentrations are less than those of isothermal temperature with ramped surface concentrations. Also, the expressions of the skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are obtained and represented computationally through a tabular form.
Hierarchical shape-by-shape assembly of microparticles for micrometer-scale viral delivery of two different genes
Authors: Lee Daewon , Lee Amos Chungwon , Han Sangkwon , Bae Hyung Jong , Song Seo Woo , Jeong Yunjin , Oh Dong Yoon , Cho Seongkyu , Kim Junhoi , Park Wook , Kwon Sunghoon
Published: May 2018

Understanding tissue engineering using a bottom-up approach has been hindered by technical limitations because no platform can demonstrate the controlled formation of a heterogeneous population of cells in microscale. Here, we demonstrate hierarchical shape-by-shape assembly of virus-laden particles into larger ones to transfect two different genes on the seeded cells. We show that smaller daughter particles with different sizes and shapes can be assembled into the matching indentations of larger parent particles with different sizes and shapes. Then, we transfected a population of cells with two different gene-transfecting viruses, each of which was laden on the parent or daughter particles.
Biochemically altered myelin triggers autoimmune demyelination
Authors: Caprariello Andrew V. , Rogers James A. , Morgan Megan L. , Hoghooghi Vahid , Plemel Jason R. , Koebel Adam , Tsutsui Shigeki , Dunn Jeffrey F. , Kotra Lakshmi P. , Ousman Shalina S. , Wee Yong V. , Stys Peter K.
Published: May 2018

Significance

Caprariello et al. demonstrate that subtle biochemical pathology to axon-ensheathing myelin, in the absence of overt demyelination, is sufficient to elicit severe secondary demyelinating inflammatory reactions. The resulting lesions bear radiological and histological resemblance to inflammatory demyelinating lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS), raising the possibility that subtle myelin degeneration in the MS brain may be a proximal event in the evolution of inflammation and consequent myelin loss. Consistent with an “inside-out” model of MS pathogenesis, these findings provide a rationale for investigating myelin as a target for early preventive therapy.
Risk assessment and disaster management for religious events.
Authors: Raj R. , Griffin K.
Published: May 2018

This chapter demonstrates the principles of risk assessment, how health and safety management works in practice, and the significant risks involved in managing religious events. The focus of the chapter is on crowd management associated with religious festivals. The importance of contingency planning and of developing an emergency plan in relation to large-scale religious festivals are discussed.
Travelling through a hostile world: the expansion of terror in American culture.
Authors: Korstanje M. E. , Skoll G. , Seraphin H.
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses how colonialism links closely to modern terrorism, which is inextricably intertwined with travel. It also places the notion of exemption and 'American-ness' under a critical lens, and suggests that Americans are particularity exercised by terrorism due to the legacy of wayward Puritans who envisaged a dangerous world, and also due to the discourse of manifest destiny.
A risky delight: the dangers of being a participant in a Maltese Festa.
Authors: Cassar G. , Munro D.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the Maltese 'festa', a religious celebration honouring the patron saint of each town and village of the Maltese islands Malta and Gozo. The local feasts are typically celebrated with a display of fireworks; sometimes with animal races; always with band parades; and, invariably, with devout processions featuring the statue of the patron saint being celebrated. Malta is one of a few places where ground fireworks are set off with people standing just a few metres away. This, clearly, poses dangers. The chapter discusses, critically, such practices.
Protection of phenolic compounds within nanocarriers.
Authors: Assadpour E. , Jafari S. M. , Esfanjani A. F.
Published: May 2018

One of the main groups of bioactive components in the food, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries is phenolic compounds, which should be protected by encapsulation technologies because of their low bioavailability, low solubility, untargeted release and undesirable taste. Nanoencapsulation involves entrapment of different bioactive components in small capsules, allowing them to be stable, protected and preserved against nutritional and health losses during the process or delivery as well as attaining a controlled release. In this review study, production and application of different nanocarriers for phenolic compounds have been considered and discussed, including lipid nanocarriers, biopolymer nanostructures, special equipment-based nanovehicles and nature-inspired nano-carriers.
Inhibition of UGT8 suppresses basal-like breast cancer progression by attenuating sulfatide–αVβ5 axis
Authors: Cao Qianhua , Chen Xingyu , Wu Xuebiao , Liao Ruocen , Huang Panpan , Tan Yanjia , Wang Li , Ren Guoping , Huang Jian , Dong Chenfang
Published: May 2018

Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is associated with a poor clinical outcome as a result of the few treatment options and poor therapeutic response. Here, we report that elevated expression of urine diphosphate–galactose ceramide galactosyltransferase (UGT8) specifically occurs in BLBC and predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. UGT8 expression is transcriptionally up-regulated by Sox10, triggering the sulfatide biosynthetic pathway; increased sulfatide activates integrin αVβ5-mediated signaling that contributes to BLBC progression. UGT8 expression promotes, whereas UGT8 knockdown suppresses tumorigenicity and metastasis. Importantly, we identify that zoledronic acid (ZA), a marketed drug for treating osteoporosis and bone metastasis, is a direct inhibitor of UGT8, which blocks the sulfatide biosynthetic pathway. Significantly, a clinically achievable dosage of ZA exhibits apparent inhibitory effect on migration, invasion, and lung metastasis of BLBC cells. Together, our study suggests that UGT8 is a potential prognostic indicator and druggable target of BLBC and that pharmacologic inhibition of UGT8 by ZA offers a promising opportunity for treating this challenging disease.
PROBE: analysis and visualization of protein block-level evolution
Authors: Kress Arnaud , Lecompte Odile , Poch Olivier , Thompson Julie D
Published: May 2018

Comparative studies of protein sequences are widely used in evolutionary and comparative genomics studies, but there is a lack of efficient tools to identify conserved regions ab initio within a protein multiple alignment. PROBE provides a fully automatic analysis of protein family conservation, to identify conserved regions, or ‘blocks’, that may correspond to structural/functional domains or motifs. Conserved blocks are identified at two different levels: (i) family level blocks indicate sites that are probably of central importance to the protein’s structure or function, and (ii) sub-family level blocks highlight regions that may signify functional specialization, such as binding partners, etc. All conserved blocks are mapped onto a phylogenetic tree and can also be visualized in the context of the multiple sequence alignment. PROBE thus facilitates in-depth studies of sequence–structure–function-evolution relationships, and opens the way to block-level phylogenetic profiling.

Availability and implementation

Freely available on the web at http://www.lbgi.fr/∼julie/probe/web.
CAVER Analyst 2.0: analysis and visualization of channels and tunnels in protein structures and molecular dynamics trajectories
Authors: Jurcik Adam , Bednar David , Byska Jan , Marques Sergio M , Furmanova Katarina , Daniel Lukas , Kokkonen Piia , Brezovsky Jan , Strnad Ondrej , Stourac Jan , Pavelka Antonin , Manak Martin , Damborsky Jiri , Kozlikova Barbora
Published: May 2018

Motivation

Studying the transport paths of ligands, solvents, or ions in transmembrane proteins and proteins with buried binding sites is fundamental to the understanding of their biological function. A detailed analysis of the structural features influencing the transport paths is also important for engineering proteins for biomedical and biotechnological applications.

Results

CAVER Analyst 2.0 is a software tool for quantitative analysis and real-time visualization of tunnels and channels in static and dynamic structures. This version provides the users with many new functions, including advanced techniques for intuitive visual inspection of the spatiotemporal behavior of tunnels and channels. Novel integrated algorithms allow an efficient analysis and data reduction in large protein structures and molecular dynamic simulations.

Availability and implementation

CAVER Analyst 2.0 is a multi-platform standalone Java-based application. Binaries and documentation are freely available at www.caver.cz.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Long-term exposure to malaria and violence in Africa*
Authors: Cervellati Matteo , Esposito Elena , Sunde Uwe , Valmori Simona
Published: May 2018

This paper explores the existence of a link between the long-term exposure to malaria and the frequency of civil conflicts in Africa. Using geographically disaggregated data at the level of grid cells the analysis provides empirical evidence for a hump-shaped relationship between the long-run stability and force of malaria transmission and the incidence of civil violence. In line with epidemiological predictions about the acquired immunity to malaria, cells that are characterized by intermediate malaria exposure exhibit higher conflict incidence than cells with very low or very high malaria exposure. We explore the role of the expansion of anti-malaria policies after 2005 in the context of the Roll Back Malaria programme. The results provide suggestive evidence that anti-malaria interventions reduced the incidence of civil violence, but only in areas where adults lack acquired immunity to malaria.