bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Fleas from South African Rodents
Authors: Ingram A.
Published: July 2009

During the carrying out of field work in connection with the investigation of plague in the Union of South Africa, certain fleas which appeared to be new were taken in the nests of water rats and on a golden rock mouse in the Karroo.

Whilst resembling Chiastopsylla, Rosthsch., morphologically, the fleas from the Karroo rats differ from that genus in the absence of tooth-like spines at the genal margin of the head, and the flea taken on the rock mouse differs in possessing no pronotal comb, in addition to the absence of spines at the genal margin of the head. It was thought that these differences would require the erection of new genera for the reception of these fleas ; two specimens, however, of one of the species showed an incomplete set of genal spines, and Dr. Jordan, who kindly examined the material, considers that all the fleas described below belong to the genus Chiastopsylla. Apparently, if one may judge from the presence of genal spines in the two specimens found, certain species of this genus have been recently evolved.
On two New Parasites from West Africa bred from the Cacao Barksapper (Sahlbergella)
Authors: Wilkinson D. S.
Published: July 2009

Euphorus sahlbergellae, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen deep black, polished and shining ; scape, flagellum (except about 17 apical joints which are darker), palpi, tegulae, all trochanters, front femora, about apical third of mid femora, hind femora at extreme apex, the 4 anterior tibiae and tarsi, basal third of hind tibiae, light red-brown ; basal two-thirds of mid femora, apical two-thirds of hind tibiae on underside, and hind tarsi, dark red-brown ; hind femora and apical two-thirds of upper surface of hind tibiae black to dark red-black ; hind coxae, and mid coxae mostly, black ; front coxae, at least at the sides, black, apically somewhat red-brown ; claws dark ; stigma and most wing-veins brown.
The Generic Types of the Diaspidae (Hemiptera).—Part II
Authors: Myers L. Emery
Published: July 2009

Since the appearance of the first paper in this proposed series our attention has been called by Mr. E. E. Green to the desirability of developing a terminology for the various structures of the Diaspid scales which shall be more satisfactory than that at present in general use. We are entirely in accord with his view that many of the terms at present employed are not suitable and that they need to be replaced by others of more precise application.

We have decided, however, not to make any attempt at the development of such a terminology at the present time, the controlling reason for this decision being found in the belief that the morphology of the Diaspid scales—not to speak of the other groups—is still too insufficiently understood to permit the formulation of a terminology which shall be at all enduring. It is our belief that any system now devised is too likely to require extensive later modification. This is certainly the case with one recent attempt thus to devise such a system, an attempt that fails of its purpose because of lack of knowledge. From this point of view it seems best to leave the question of such a terminology until such time as at least a large proportion of the Diaspid types have been examined in greater detail.

For the present we shall content ourselves with the use of common and, in general, well understood terms or with simple descriptive phrases. An exception will be made in the case of certain terms which it seems well should be eliminated as soon as possible. One such term is the expression “ pygidial lobes ” for the usually paired structures of the pygidial margin. For these Mr. Green suggests that the term “ trulla,” which has already been employed by some authors, is better. Another substitution suggested by Mr. Green is that of “ perivulvar ” to designate the cluster of pores about the genital opening, and this we shall utilise.
Studies on Anophelism without Malaria in the Vicinity of Amsterdam
Authors: de Buck A. , Swellengrebel N. H. , Schoute E.
Published: July 2009

The question to which we have tried to find an answer is why malaria is almost absent in the southern region (II) within our field of observation, whereas it is endemic in the northern (I). We found Anopheles slightly less frequent in the former, but the difference is irrelevant, and the density of the Anopheline population in Region II is considerable, compared with almost all the European malarious countries we visited and where A. maculipennis is the local vector.

If this difference in the incidence of malaria is at all caused by a difference of the Anopheline faunas of the two regions (which need not be the case), then the biological distinctions are the only important ones. Morphological differences cannot interest us unless they are correlated with the former. Still we began by studying the latter, because they are easier to observe and to measure.
Two New Species of Apanteles (Hym., Braconidae)
Authors: Lyle G. T.
Published: July 2009

Apanteles thompsoni, sp. n.

♀. Black, shining ; palpi pale ; antennae beneath fusco-testaceous ; clypeus and mandibles rufo-testaceous ; belly at base testaceous ; sides of abdominal segments 1 and 2 fusco-testaceous ; legs testaceous, with hind coxae black or blackish, hind femora and tibiae slightly infuscated at tips, and hind tarsi more or less infuscated. Wings subhyaline, stigma pale fuscous, nervures paler but usually visible to the extreme margin of the wing.
On three New Species of Ichneumonidae
Authors: Wilkinson D. S.
Published: July 2009

Rhyssa persuasoria himalayensis, subsp. n.

May be separated from Rhyssa persuasoria, L., only on colour differences, of which the most important are as follows : Mesonotum with white signature, which is anteriorly acute and posteriorly broader, with sometimes the posterior angles somewhat drawn out behind ; all coxae black and white, except in the male, in which the four anterior coxae are almost entirely white ; hind legs, particularly hind femora, mainly dark to nigrescent or deep black, except in the male, in which the hind femora are mostly white ; the white lateral markings of the 7th tergite contiguous with their white apical spots respectively, except in the male.
Parasites de Perrisia pyri, Bouché (Dipt., Cecidom.)
Authors: Ferrière Ch.
Published: July 2009

Les parasites suivants ont été recueillis par Mr. J. G. Myers à Versailles, France, en juillet et août 1925, de la Cécidomyie des poires, Perrisia pyri, Bch. Le matériel obtenu comprend les 10 espèces dont les noms suivent, avec indication de leurs dates d'éclosion, mais seuls les deux Platygasterines et le Torymus peuvent être considérés comme ayant une importance dans la destruction de la Cécidomyie, les autres espèces n'ayant été obtenues qu'en trés petit nombre ou n'étant probablement pas parasites de ce petit Diptère.
Poeciloscytus cognatus, Fieb. (Hemiptera, Miridae) as a serious Pest of Sugar-beets
Authors: Dekhtiarev N. S.
Published: July 2009

Poeciloscytus cognatus, Fieb. (fig. 1) has already been recorded as injuring sugar-beet in Ukraine. In the summer of 1926 an enormous number of these bugs appeared quite unexpectedly in the districts of Poltava and Kharkov and caused great losses. Much attention has been given to methods of control on the plantations, but the following information is only of a preliminary nature and refers partly to the phenology of the insect.
Mosquito Breeding in “Test” Water-containers
Authors: Dunn Lawrence H.
Published: July 2009

During the six-month period from December 1925 to June 1926, some observations were carried out on the mosquito breeding that occurred in a number of “ test ” water-containers placed in various locations in the compound of the headquarters of the West Africa Yellow Fever Commission at Yaba, near Lagos, Nigeria. The main purpose of these observations was an endeavour to obtain supplemental information on the bionomics of the yellow fever mosquito, Aëdes (Stegomyia) aegypti, Linn., in West Africa.
Eight new Species of Braconidae
Authors: Wilkinson D. S.
Published: July 2009

Microbracon kirkpatricki, sp. n.

♂♀. Pale reddish testaceous with the 1st and 2nd tergites often almost stramineous ; antennae of a darker red ; extreme apex of tarsi black ; ovipositor sheaths dark brown to black ; the male often with the 2nd–5th tergites discally brownish ; ocelli black, the ocellar area sometimes darkened ; legs, particularly the hind legs, often stramineous or nearly so ; stigma and wing veins pale reddish, except that in the forewing the 1st abscissa of the anal vein and the basal half of the 1st abscissa of the medial vein are virtually colourless, and that the costal vein is brownish, and that the stigma in the males is brownish.

♀. Integument noticeably coriaceous throughout, except the appendages. Head broadly rounded behind, 1·75 times as broad as long ; ocelli on a more or less distinct tubercle, not close together, the posterior ones only somewhat nearer to one another than to the eye ; flagellum with 25–29 joints, the majority of specimens with 27–29 joints ; apical joint of antennae wth a short apical style ; head impunctate and narrowly coriaceous. Thorax impunctate, with mesonotum, scutellum, and propodeon, more broadly coriaceous than the head ; mesopleurae more broadly coriaceous again ; the lines of the notauli only faintly indicated, but noticeable, chiefly on account of the enclosed median area which is raised somewhat and which, tapering to a point, reaches almost to the scutellar depression ; scutellar depression apparently sometimes weakly crenulate and sometimes plain ; propodeon completely plain except for a median, very weak, longitudinal excavation extending about half the length of the propodeon, when it becomes a fairly well marked longitudinal carina which extends to apex, where it joins the transverse apical ridge.
Notes on a Braconid Parasite of the Pink Boll-worm (Platyedra gossypiella, Saund.) in Kenya Colony
Authors: Kirkpatrick T. W.
Published: July 2009

During November 1926, a few days were spent in making a rapid investigation of the insect pests of cotton occurring on the coast of Kenya Colony, between Mombasa and Mambrui, some eighty miles to the north.

The pink boll-worm, Platyedra gossypiella, Saund., was found to occur in every plot of cotton visited ; it was also noticed that a certain proportion of the worms were parasitised by a species of Braconid, which has been described above by Mr. D. S. Wilkinson under the name of Microbracon kirkpatricki.

A second visit was paid to the coast during the beginning of February 1927, to ascertain to what extent, if any, the pink boll-worm was controlled by this parasite, and to report on the possibilities of its introduction to other countries.

Owing to the short time available for this work, these notes are naturally very incomplete ; it is hoped however that they will be of some value should anyone be of the writer's opinion that it is well worth while attempting to introduce this parasite into other countries.
A Chart-recording Weighing Machine for Beekeeping or other Research
Authors: Williams C. B.
Published: July 2009

In the course of the beekeeping work of this Department we have had a number of hives weighed at regular intervals of about a week by means of a steelyard and tripod, and two permanently standing on platform weighing machine and weighed every day. The information obtained from these has been of great value in showing the seasonal variation in activity, the periods of honey flow, and the effect on the hives of the presence of enormous numbers of hornets in the late summer.

There were, however, many problems, such as the daily periods of activity and honey-collecting, the effect of high midday temperature, etc., that could only be dealt with by more frequent weighings, and it was felt that a machine to record continuously the weight of the hive by means of a rotating clock drum and pen would be a most valuable instrument of research.
Two new Species of Australian Culicidae (Diptera)
Authors: Taylor Frank H.
Published: July 2009

The present paper contains the descriptions of two new species of mosquitos from North Queensland, Mucidus chrysogaster and Aëdes (Finlaya) mackerrasi. The former, the second Australian species of the genus, is a very interesting and most beautiful insect, of which only the female is so far known ; the latter is also of interest in that it adds yet another species to the closely interwoven group of Australian Finlaya.

My thanks are specially due to Dr. I. M. Mackerras, B.Sc., for his kind assistance in the determination of the latter species, since I was unable to do so myself, as the Institute does not possess a male specimen of Aëdes (Finlaya) occidentalis (Skuse). The comparative notes on the genitalia are from his pen.
On some Chalcidoid Scale Parasites from Java
Authors: Gahan A. B.
Published: July 2009

The specimens which form the basis of the following notes and descriptions were received by the writer from Mr. T. H. Colebrook Taylor, Assistant Entomologist, Fiji Islands, and were reared by him in the course of investigations looking to the introduction into the Fijis of parasites of Coccidae for the purpose of controlling the scale pests of coconut. One genus, two species and a variety are described as new.
Three new Tachinidae attacking Injurious Insects in Queensland
Authors: Curran C. H.
Published: July 2009

The Tachinidae described herewith have been forwarded for determination through Dr. Guy A. K. Marshall, Director of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, and constitute three of five species reared by Mr. E. Ballard. The types of the new species will be found in the British Museum of Natural History.
On the Species of Gall Mites (Eriophyidae) found on the Genus Ribes
Authors: Massee A. M.
Published: July 2009

During recent years a great deal of research work has been carried out in connection with the control of the black currant gall mite Eriophyes ribis (Westw.) Nal. This work has necessarily included the very careful study of the mites themselves, in order that the life-cycle might be fully understood, with the final object of trying to exterminate the mites at a period when they offered least resistance and were not living within the buds, which afford them adequate protection.

While examining some black currant bushes in the late spring and summer months of 1923, in order to locate the position and determine the habits of the mites during that season, a rather peculiar form of mite was noticed to be present in small numbers. This new mite, when examined in the field, appeared to be very much stouter and of a darker colour than the familiar black currant gall mite. However, for some time it was regarded as being an immature stage of the common species. After some months this mite turned up again in greater numbers, and it was decided to examine it in detail in the Laboratory. The species proved to be a new one belonging to the genus Phyllocoptes.
Parasites and Hyperparasites of Diatraea saccharalis in Tucumán Sugar–cane
Authors: Brèthes Juan
Published: July 2009

In the Revista Industrial y Agrícola de Tucumán of November 1923 to January 1924, 4th year, numbers 6–8, Arthur H. Rosenfeld & T. C. Barber published an interesting article on the sugar-cane moth borer, known in Tucumán as the “ gusano chupador de la caña de azucar,” in which they detail the different effects of the said moth borer (Diatraea saccharalis).

Last year, Dr. William E. Cross, Director of the Estación Industrial y Agrícola de Tucumán, was good enough to entrust me with the study of some Diatraea parasites, the identification of which had, so far, only been effected generically.

My best thanks are due to Dr. Cross for having supplied me with material for this investigation, which I consider very interesting, owing to the daily increasing importance of the biological control of agricultural pests.

There is no doubt but that by continuing these investigations other parasites will be discovered ; this is as yet only the first step on the road which may lead to very important results.
Investigations on the Control of the Khapra Beetle, (Trogoderma granarium, Everts) with Calcium Cyanide
Authors: Miles Herbert W.
Published: July 2009

The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, Everts 1898, has been referred to in recent years as Trogoderma khapra, Arrow, and Attagenus undulatus, Mot. Investigations on the pest have been carried out by Barnes & Grove (1) in India, and by Dendy & Elkington (2), Mason (3), Parker & Long (4), and Morison (5) in England.
On the Economic Status and Bionomics ofSminthurus viridis, Lubb. (Collembola)
Authors: Davies W. Maldwyn
Published: July 2009

The inclusion of species of the order Collembola among the list of injurious insects has, from time to time, given rise to considerable scepticism among those concerned with economic entomology. It is, therefore, thought desirable to place on record controlled experiments which leave no doubt as to the depredations of one species,Sminthurus viridis, Lubb., of this primitive group of insects. Further, our knowledge of the bionomics of Collembola is so scanty that data obtained with reference to the life-history and habits of this particular species may be of interest.
The Life-history of the Black Currant Gall Mite,Eriophyes ribis(Westw.) Nal.
Authors: Massee A. M.
Published: July 2009

The black currant gall-Mite,Eriophyes ribis(Westw.) Nal., may reasonably be described as being one of the most important amongst the numerous pests that infest soft fruits in this country.
Sciaphobus squalidus, Gyll. (Col., Curcul.), a Pest of Orchards in Ukraine
Authors: Dekhtiarev N. S.
Published: July 2009

Various species of Curculionidae are injurious to orchards in Ukraine, but Sciaphobus squalidus, Gyll. (fig. 1) is considered by fruit-growers to be the most harmful, as it attacks the buds of all fruit trees. Mr. Znamenskii was the first to make an adequate study of the life-history of this insect. The following notes give an account of my own observations and deal principally with methods of control.
The effect of size on the height of flight of migrant moths
Authors: Taylor L. R. , Brown E. S. , Llttlewood S. C.
Published: July 2009

Moths migrating at Muguga, Kenya, were sampled at 24·5 m and 0·6 m above the ground by light-trap. The larger the species, the greater proportion of the sample it represented at the higher level. This effect was independent of family and morphological type. This result is important in considering the evolution of size with respect to orientation and migratory ambit and the role of downwind migration in population dynamics.
The effect of ultra-low-volume aerial applications of endosulfan applied against Glossina (Diptera: Glossinidae) on populations of non-target organisms in savanna woodland in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia
Authors: Cockbill G. F.
Published: July 2009

During ultra-low-volume aerial applications of endosulfan at 14 g/ha for control of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. and G. pallidipes Aust. in savanna woodland in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, the effects on other organisms were monitored. The numbers and varieties of arthropods, mainly insects, were studied by catches in light-straps and open trays. Mortalities amongst exposed aquatic insects, fish, frogs, mice and stingless bees (Trigona spp.) were noted. No deleterious effect of the insecticide was demonstrated, Other than on fish (Tilapia spp.) in shallow water.
Some effects of heparin on Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Glossinidae) fed in vivo
Authors: Gingrich R. E.
Published: July 2009

Female Glossina palpalis palpalis (R.-D.) produced larger puparia when they fed on live goats that were injected intravenously with 200 IU of sodium heparinate/day than when they fed on untreated goats or on heparinised goat blood in vitro. Heparin did not produce the same effects when guineapigs were the hosts. Puparia from flies that fed on untreated guineapigs were larger than those from flies that fed on untreated goats. Heparin had no effect on the life-span or fecundity of females that fed on goats or on the life-span of flies that fed on guineapigs. However, the fecundity of flies that fed on guineapigs injected with 500 IU heparin/kg was greater than that of flies fed on untreated guineapigs.
The early Stages of some Singapore Mosquitos
Authors: Edwards F. W. , Given D. H. C.
Published: July 2009

During the years 1925–7 an investigation was made of the Culicine mosquito fauna of Singapore, mainly with the object of learning which species were responsible for the local mosquito plague, and where they bred. In the course of this work numerous species were reared, the larvae of which have never been described, and descriptions of these are presented in this paper; these are supplementary to the descriptions published recently by Edwards (Bull. Ent. Res. xvii, pt. 2, 1926).
Host Selection in Pyrausta nubilalis, Hübn.
Authors: Thompson W. R. , Parker H. L.
Published: July 2009

During the last few years a number of papers have been published by entomologists in connection with the hypothesis known as the “ Hopkins host-selection principle.” This principle, as defined by Dr. A. D. Hopkins himself, is that an insect species that breeds in two or more hosts will continue to breed in the host to which it has become adapted. Thus, according to this author, the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus monticola, will destroy mountain pine, yellow pine, lodgepole pine and sugar pine, but if it becomes established in one species of pine through many generations, the beetles on emergence show a decided preference for the species in which they have bred and will not, in fact, attack any other. In 1922 Craighead published a paper giving the results of experiments carried on during a number of years with about a dozen species of Cerambycids. He states that in practically all the species studied the adults show a marked predilection for the host in which they have fed as larvae, provided that they are not deterred by other factors. Continued breeding in a given host is said to intensify the preference for that host. With some beetles whose larvae can be transferred to another species of plant and successfully reared therein, this association with the new host for a year, or even less, during the latter part of the larval life is said to determine a preference for this in the resulting adults. The author believes that his experiments may indicate the mode of origin of certain closely related species or varieties. The conclusions at which he has independently arrived were long ago suggested by Walsh. That new forms do not thus arise more rapidly in Nature, Craighead considers to be due to the high mortality of the young larvae in the new hosts.
A Revision of the Indo-Australian Species of the Genus Apanteles (Hym. Bracon.).—Part II
Authors: Wilkinson D. S.
Published: July 2009

39. Apanteles taeniaticornis, sp. n.

♀. Black; the four front legs (except their coxae), the basal third of the hind tibiae, red testaceous; hind femora red to red-black; basal ventrites and the lateral membranous margins of the 1st tergite pale reddish; palpi and hind tibial spurs white; the 9th to the 12th flagellar joints inclusive entirely cream-white; the apical half of the 8th, and the basal half of the 13th joint, rather pale; ovipositor red; stigma and wing veins dark brown; wings infumated.
Fleas found on Rodents and Insectivores in Nigeria
Authors: Pearse A. S.
Published: July 2009

During the latter half of the year 1926, the writer collected parasites from rodents and insectivores in Nigeria. From 1st August to 20th October collections were made in the wet forest near Lagos; 26th October to 2nd November and 10th to 20th November in the guinea grass savannah near Ibadan and Oyo; 3rd to 7th November in the heavy rain forest at Ife; and 28th November to 11th December about Kano on the border of the desert. The animals were usually captured in traps, but a few were shot. They were always placed at once in tight cloth bags or wire cages in order that their ectoparasites might not escape. A general account of the character of the country where collections were made has been given elsewhere (Pearse, Science Monthly, xxv, 1927, pp. 228–239). My thanks are due to the late Major Ingoldby, of the British Museum, and Dr. Karl Jordan, of the Tring Museum. The former identified all the mammals and the latter helped with the identification of several of the fleas.
Aphididae from Italian Somaliland and Eritrea
Authors: Theobald Fred. V.
Published: July 2009

The following Aphids were collected by Professor Guido Paoli, of Chiavari in Italian Somaliland and in Eritrea.
An Eriophyid Mite on Apple
Authors: Massee A. M.
Published: July 2009

During 1926 and subsequently in 1927 the writer's attention was called to the presence of a mite infesting apples in newly planted orchards around East Mailing, Kent.
Pseudococcus gahani, Green, in South Africa
Authors: Joubert C. J.
Published: July 2009

Until the end of 1926 it was not known that Pseudococcus gahani, Green, occurred in South Africa. That it had not been recognised before is perhaps due mainly to the fact that very frequently it is found in association with P. maritimus, Erhorn, and was thus regarded as a form of the latter species. It may be noted here that P. capensis, Brain (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., v, p. 182, 1912) is a synonym of P. maritimus, Erhorn, as previously recorded in “Farming in South Africa” (i, pt. 2, p. 64, May 1926).
The Sirex Wood-wasps and their Importance in Forestry
Authors: Chrystal R. N.
Published: July 2009

(1) A complete review of the classification and status of the Siricid wood-wasps occurring in Britain is given in this paper.

(2) The biology ofS. cyaneus, F., which has been studied at Tubney Wood, Oxford, during the past two years, is described, together with supplementary notes onS. gigas, L.

(3) A study of the forest relations ofS. cyaneusat Tubney has shown that this species cannot be considered a primary enemy of healthy green trees. Trees which are favoured bySirexare usually markedly unhealthy from one cause or another. At Tubney unsuitable soil conditions were the principal factors.

(4)SirexandTetropium gabrieli, Weise, the larch longicorn beetle, may occur almost simultaneously as indicators of pathological conditions in larch woods.

(5) In North DevonFomes annosus, a root fungus, was the predisposing factor in the case of silver fir attacked bySirex.

(6) BothS. cyaneusandS. gigasmay occur in the same tree. This was found to be the case at South Molton, North Devon, in silver fir.S. gigasappears to prefer larger trees, and it is not present in the larch at Tubney Wood, which is in the pole stage.

(7) The primary object of the work was to acquire a knowledge of the parasites ofSirex, Rhyssa persuasoria, L., andIbalia leucospoides, Hochenw. Both parasites were studied at Tubney, and have already been dealt with (Bull. Ent. Res. xix p. 67, 1928).

(8) It is considered probable that the results obtained in the above study will throw some light on theSirexproblem in New Zealand. Emphasis is therefore laid upon the importance of studying the silvicultural conditions in relation toSirexattack.
A new Encyrtid (Hym., Chalcid.) bred from Clastoptera (Hom., Cercop.)
Authors: Waterston James
Published: July 2009

Head antero-posteriorly short; occipital edge sharp; from in front broader than long; eyes moderate, bare; inner orbits a little convergent ventrally; genal space long; face wide; toruli high up, distinctly above the base line of eyes and only slightly below the mid point between the anterior ocellus and mouth-edge. Labrum conspicuous, simple, transverse; mandibles similar, pear-shaped, produced apically into a fine short incurved spine-like tooth. Maxillary palpi three-jointed; labial palpi two-jointed. Inner aspect of galea and opposed side of ligula densely and finely pilose (N.B.—The first maxillary joint has an extremely narrow ill-defined annular base which may represent an obsolete joint). Antennae ten-jointed; scape, pedicel, ring joint, 6 in funicle, and solid club. Scape simple, cylindrical, reaching to about level of anterior ocellus; pedicel short; 1st funicular longer than either the 2nd or the pedicel; funicle (distally) and club somewhat flatly expanded; sensoria numerous, very narrow, short and low, not produced distally. Thorax: mesoscutum separated from scutellum by the broadly meeting axillae, distinctly shorter (measured from its posterior edge to that of pronotum) than scutellum; the latter ending over the metanotum in a short truncate plate; mesopleura posteriorly truncate. Propodeon, smooth between the spiracles; on the middle third are three linear longitudinal thickenings of the integument, the latter pair lying in shallow furrows. Round the spiracles and on the pleura the surface is densely covered with short bristles. Wings: forewings with apical fringe and completely pilose, except on the linea calva. Neuration to about one half. Radius emitted before the costa, long, gently curving towards and subequal to the postmarginal; two bands-one across radius, the other apical. Legs: mid and hind legs elongate, subequal and half longer than fore legs. Hind tibiae widened, with two unequal spurs. Tarsal ungues of all legs markedly unequal, the posterior shorter and more abruptly curved apically than the anterior. Abdomen broad; 1st visible tergite (iii) about half longer than 2nd (iv), 3rd–7th gradually decreasing in length. The last three sternites densely set with short bristles. Ovipositor weakly chitinised.
A new Species of Dasynus, Burm., injurious to Pepper in Java (Heteroptera Coreidae)
Authors: China W. E.
Published: July 2009

Colour.—Head irregularly punctate above, yellowish green, the tylus apically and the disc of vertex tinged with brownish yellow; eyes dark grey, ocelli each surrounded on inner side with narrow red rim; head below and rostrum yellow, rostral commissure and apex brownish black. Antennae dark brown, the first segment pale below, shading to black towards the apex of each segment; extreme base of second and third segments and a broad sub-basal annulation on the fourth segment, pale yellow; apex of fourth segment brown. Pronotum dull yellowish green, becoming deeper posteriorly, regularly covered (except for the calli) with small but deep fuscous punctures, which are more dense along the inside of the reflexed lateral margins; extreme humeral angles brown. Propleura yellowish green, punctate, only the outer punctures fuscous. Scutellum dull yellowish green, deeper towards apex, regularly covered with feebly infuscate deep punctures; extreme apex yellow, impunctate. Meso- and meta-pleura yellow, tinged with green towards the basal lateral angles of the pleura, which are rugosely punctate; sterna impunctate, sparsely covered with short erect pale hairs. Hemielytra more or less regularly punctate in series between the veins, dark brown shading to dull blood-red towards apex of corium; veins (including costal and apical margins of corium) yellow, more or less suffused on the disc of elytra with olive-brown; membrane black, the veins olivebrown. Legs yellow, apices of tarsi and claws brown. Abdomen yellow, sparsely covered with short pale obscure hairs.
Two Species of Gall-mites (Eriophyidae) of the Lilac (Syringa vulgaris, L.) new to Britain
Authors: Massee A. M.
Published: July 2009

During 1926 and subsequently in September 1927, two species of gall-mites were found on lilac, shoots of which were obtained from private gardens at East Mailing and Sevenoaks, Kent.
Further Biological Notes on Rhyssa and Ibalia, parasitising Sirex cyaneus, Fabr.
Authors: Myers J. G.
Published: July 2009

The biology of Rhyssa persuasoria, L., and of Ibalia leucospoides, Hochenw., has already been sketched in a preliminary paper published in this Bulletin (xix, pp. 67–77, pl. iii, 1928) in collaboration with Mr. R. N. Chrystal, of the Imperial Forestry Institute. The following observations were made by the writer chiefly at the Farnham House Laboratory, during the spring and summer of 1928, and are gathered together in view of his departure from England. The work of collecting and rearing supplies of Rhyssa and Ibalia for shipment to New Zealand, for the biological control of Sirex nodilio (juvencus), has been continued on a larger scale. The present notes were made incidentally during this work and are arranged under nearly the same headings as in the previous paper, to which they are supplementary. One error needs correcting. It was stated (on p. 75) that the larch (Larix europaea, D.C.) is indigenous, though actually planted in the Oxford locality mentioned. As a matter of fact, of course, larch, though Palaearctic, is not indigenous to Britain.
Further Notes on Alysia manducator and other Parasites (Hym.) of Muscoid Flies
Authors: Myers J. G.
Published: July 2009

During the summers of 1927 and 1928, the rearing of the Braconid, Alysia manducator, Panz. (Bull. Ent. Res., xvii, pp. 219–229) for shipment to Australasia as a measure against the sheep-maggot, was continued on a large scale at the laboratory of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, Farnham Royal, Bucks. In addition a study was made of the Anthomyiid, Hydrotaea dentipes, Fabr., as a possible natural enemy for the buffalo-fly, Lyperosia exigua, de Meij., which has become a serious pest of cattle and buffalos in Northern Australia. Owing to the cold and wet conditions prevailing in 1927, the results were very irregular; but certain general facts regarding the complex of necrophagous maggots, predacious maggots and their respective parasites, gathered during this work, seem worth recording.
On the Growth of the Head in the Larva of Anopheles maculipennis, Meig.
Authors: Mitrofanova Julia
Published: July 2009

While measuring the separate parts of the head in larvae of Anopheles maculi-pennis in the summer of 1926, I observed that in the later stages of the development in each phase the posterior part of the head is in the form of a collar, the length of which increases up to the next moult, whereas the anterior part of the head remains unchanged.
An improved Method of mounting Mosquito Larvae
Authors: Gater B. A. R.
Published: July 2009

The identification of mosquito larvae, especially of the genus Anopheles, is now so common a practice in the Tropics that the need of a simpler method of mounting has been widely felt. Whereas in many instances a larva can be identified by examining it alive in a drop of water, in countries where many similar forms are met with mistakes are sometimes made. A great deal of identification work is doneby Health Inspectors who have not the practice necessary for determining species while they are alive, and in Malaya, where some species cannot be separated by an examination of the anterior clypeal hairs alone, a quick method of mounting so that occipital hairs and other structures can be seen is required.
The early Stages and Male Hypopygium of Anopheles argenteolobatus, Gough
Authors: De Meillon B.
Published: July 2009

Amongst a number of larvae collected in the Yokeskei River, about twelve miles from Johannesburg, on 31.v.1928, two were found which appeared to be new. These subsequently pupated and finally hatched, one on 15.vi.1928 and the other on 18.vi. 1928. The adults were seen to be Anopheles argenteolobatus, Gough. Repeated collecting after this has failed to reveal further specimens. Larvae of the following mosquitos were found in the same pool: Anopheles squamosus, A. cinereus, A. rufipes, Culex salisburiensis, and C. theileri.
Notes on a Tsetse Belt in Western Uganda
Authors: Simmons R. J.
Published: July 2009

Prior to 1900–05 South Ankole was free from tsetse.

About 1906–07 Glossina morsitans crossed the Kagera northwards at three points: Kakitumba, Nyaruambu, and Kafunza (Tanganyika). Cattle in those areas were moved north on the advent of the fly, thus spreading it in small numbers, mainly northwards.

The epizootic recorded in Ngarama and Bukanga in 1910–11 was due to “direct” transmission following the introduction of infected cattle from the south.

The influx of man in 1914–15 through the Nyaruambu and Kafunza centres, chiefly the former, caused marked disturbances and rapid spread of the fly, principally along the line of communication to the north.

The sudden withdrawal of the human element resulted in marked diminution of fly density, and the advent of rinderpest in 1919 destroyed an important alternative food supply, thus giving further impetus to the reduction.

After a period of 27 years the tsetse had retired to those two points from which it had originally spread.

The Kakitumba centre had not suffered human invasion, as did the foregoing, and no great activity of Glossina has therefore been recorded.

The picture presented is that man himself has proved the greatest factor in that wide and rapid spread of Glossina which Ankole experienced during 1907–1917.
The Bionomics of Lema melanopa, L. (Criocerinae), in Great Britain
Authors: Hodson W. E. H.
Published: July 2009

The beetle, Lema melanopa, is a serious pest of cereal crops in certain areas of Europe and is becoming increasingly common on cereals in Britain. A survey of the literature indicates that the life-history differs in various localities, and no previous account has been given of the life-history in this country.

The life-cycle in Britain is briefly as follows. The adult beetles emerge from hibernation in April, mate and commence to oviposit towards the end of May. Oviposition continues for nearly two months, and adults commence to emerge early in July and continue to do so until September. There is no indication that a second brood occurs, although the climate would permit of one.

The adults feed freely after emergence, but largely on grasses, prior to hibernating in November. In the spring they feed almost exclusively on the leaves of young cereals. The larvae feed principally on cereals. Adults tend to be gregarious and are very long-lived, numbers living over a second winter.

Two larval parasites occur in Britain and further information concerning these is being obtained. Of all larvae collected in the field 25 per cent. were found to be parasitised.

The loss of crop sustained as a result of attack by this pest amounts on the Continent, in extreme cases, to as much as 50 per cent. of the total. Control measures consist of cultural methods, spraying and dusting. Certain of these might be adapted for use in this country with reasonable hope of success.
Report on Australian Coccidae
Authors: Laing F.
Published: July 2009

The following report has been drawn up mainly from collections received through the Imperial Bureau of Entomology from Messrs. C. French and G. F. Hill. I have also included some records resulting from an examination of collections made by Dr. F. R. Rodway and Mr. R. Kelly, while E. E. Green, who has always been very ready to render every assistance, very kindly turned over to me for description several species which he had under manuscript names. Figures of previously described species have been added where considered necessary ; those given by Maskell are often, it must be confessed, misleading, while those used by Froggatt in his Catalogue are illustrations mainly of the external appearance, and, though excellent in their way, are not altogether satsifactory for the critical determination of species. Leonardi in his Monograph of the genus Lepidosaphes was content, where he gave an illustration at all, with one of the pygidial fringe, but there are other characters to be found in the pygidium, and for a full appreciation and understanding of these, this area requires to be figured in entirety. The whole of the Australian Coccid fauna, so distinctive in many respects, requires to be re-examined and fresh descriptions, based on morphological characters, drawn up. Of the numerous genera erected by MacGillivray I have accepted only one in the present paper ; as he based his genera on descriptions only, I prefer to express no opinion on the standing of the others he erected until I have examined a more extensive series of species.
Experiments on the Control of the Pink Boll-worm in Egypt
Authors: Barritt N. W.
Published: July 2009

C. B. Williams has shown that at the time of the first picking, i.e., about the second week of September, the extent of attack by Platyedra gossypiella averaged 75 per cent. of the bolls during the years 1916 to 1924, and that at the end of September the percentage had risen to 90–95. He also showed that there is a definite correlation between the date of maturity of the crop and the development of the attack.
The Bionomics of some Tree-hole Mosquitos
Authors: Beattie Mary V. F. , Howland Lucy J.
Published: July 2009

1. 138 larvae of Anopheles, Finlaya and Orthopodomyia, collected from three tree-holes described in Part I, were dissected and their contents examined.

2. Small algae, a few animals, bacteria and considerable quantities of rotting vegetation were found in them.

3. The algal and animal food seems to be insufficient for the anabolic processes of the larvae.

4. It is possible that bacteria may play some part in their nutrition, especially of Orthopodomyia.

5. It is also suggested that the larvae are able to utilise any food constituents present in the vegetable debris.

I wish to thank Dr. P. A. Buxton for the interest he has shown during the progress of this work, and Professor F. E. Fritsch for help in identification of the algal species.
The economic Status of Indian Thysanoptera
Authors: Ayyar T. V. Ramakrishna
Published: July 2009

In India the economic rôle played by insects of the order Thysanoptera, popularly known as “ thrips,” has not become so conspicuous as in some other parts of the world. The different kinds of thrips affecting specific crops such as wheat, oats, tobacco, fruits, onions, cacao and hot-house plants, in Europe, America, the West Indies and many tropical areas, are insects of established notoriety, and some of them cause severe and extensive damage to valuable crops from time to time ; but so far no species of Thysanoptera has as yet gained such prominence in India. Neither Lefroy in his book on “ Indian Insect Pests ” (1904), nor Fletcher in his publication on “ South Indian Insects ” (1914), has recorded any insect of this group as a definite pest among the numerous forms listed as injurious. In his other and more voluminous text-book, “ Indian Insect Life ” (1909), however, Lefroy, in the course of a brief chapter devoted to Thysanoptera, just refers to the three Indian species which were the only ones recorded till then, viz. : Idolothrips halidayi and Phloeothrips anacardii, described by Newman in 1856, and Panchaetothrips indicus, described by Bagnall in 1912 ; and only one of these, the last, had any economic importance, having been noted on turmeric in Madras.
New injurious Hispinae
Authors: Maulik S.
Published: July 2009

At the request of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology I have had pleasure in studying the forms described below. In the alcoholic material examined some adult forms were accompanied by larvae ; I am thus afforded another opportunity of publishing further notes on the anatomy of Chrysomelid larvae. The drawings are by Mr. A. J. E. Terzi.
A Note on the Use of Dried Poison Bait against Locusts in the Sudan
Authors: King Harold H.
Published: July 2009

There are in the Sudan three species of migratory locusts : Anacridium moestum melanorhodon, Walk., or the tree locust, Locusta migratoria, L., and Schistocerca gregaria, Forsk., sometimes termed the desert locust. Of these the last-named is the plague locust of the country—the other two species being relatively unimportant—and is the species referred to as the “ locust ” throughout this paper.

From 1899 till 1917 swarms of locusts occurred annually, but then followed a period of ten years during which the Sudan suffered no damage from this pest. In 1927 and again in the succeeding year the locust reappeared as a plague, and there is little doubt but that it is to be expected year by year over an extended period and until the cycle either naturally terminates or is artificially brought to an end. The swarms of fliers appear from May onwards and oviposit in July and August when and where in the arid regions sufficient rain has fallen, the resulting generation of adults emigrating in October. A certain amount of breeding takes place during the winter on the Red Sea littoral, where winter rains occur, but this district is relatively small and easily dealt with ; the main problem is how to prevent breeding during the summer rainy season throughout the vast areas of the central and northern Sudan.
Two Gall Midges (Cecidomyidae) found in Stored Products
Authors: Barnes H. F.
Published: July 2009

The first species to be dealt with was received from M. Prosper Bovien, of the Statens Plantepatologiske, Forsøg, Lyngby, in October 1927. It was reared from larvae and pupae found abundantly among seed of radish (Raphanus sativum) that had been in storage for months, and it was thought that the larvae were preying on the mites (Aleurobius, etc.) which attack the seed. In a later letter it was stated that some years previously the midges were observed emerging in January from seed in which there were no Aleurobius but numerous Cheyletus. The midge occurs at irregular intervals in seed from Denmark, as well as in seed from Germany.
The Locust Invasion of Palestine during 1928
Authors: Bodkin G. E.
Published: July 2009

The object of this paper is to place on record, with as much detail as possible, a scientific and official account of this year's locust invasion and also to describe methods of control which were found to be, or thought likely to prove, efficacious. Thus in future years reliable information may not be lacking with regard to these very important points. It should be added that the paucity of previous scientific records concerning locust invasions of Palestine during earlier periods has proved a not inconsiderable handicap from a number of different points of view.
Some Methods of Technique applicable to Entomology
Authors: Imms A. D.
Published: July 2009

The following methods of technique, along with many others, applicable to entomological work have been used by the writer in the course of a number of years' experience. Since a considerable proportion of the methods does not appear to be generally known, it is thought that the present article may prove of value particularly to investigators located in parts of the Empire overseas.
New Species and Host Records of Braconidae
Authors: Wilkinson D. S.
Published: July 2009

Ipobracon peronatus, Cam.

Iphiaulax peronatus, Cameron, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., i, 1887, p. 337.

Trinidad : 3 ♀♀, 25.xi.1928, 5.xii.l928, 21.ii.1929 (J. G. Myers).

Host. Dr. Myers considers this parasite to be associated with the Cerambycid beetle, Stirastoma depressum, L., infesting cacao logs.

These specimens agree absolutely with the type (which is in the British Museum) with the possible exception that they appear to have the 2nd cubital cell relatively somewhat longer ; this difference, however, is so minute that it is a character upon which I am not prepared to describe a new species.

Ipobracon peronatus is easily separable from the two other recorded Braconine parasites of Stirastoma, as follows : From Cyanopterus depressi, Vier., by the thorax and legs, the colour of which in this latter species is black throughout ; and from Cyanopterus steirastomae, Vier., by the nature of the 2nd tergite, which from Viereck's description would appear to be fine and smooth.
The Status of Economic Entomology in Peru
Authors: Wolcott George N.
Published: July 2009

The map of South America shows Peru as a rather long, narrow country, broadening at the north, and presumably tropical in climate judging by its position just south of the Equator, but with high mountains close to the coast. But it does not show the cold ocean current coming from the south—the Humboldt Current—or ar least we are not accustomed to noticing such presumably minor features, even though in the case of Peru, this is equal in importance with the mountains in determining the climate of the country and every factor that the climate may affect.