bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) for the reduction of the self-stigma of mental disorders: the COMpassion for Psychiatric disorders, Autism and Self-Stigma (COMPASS) study protocol for a randomized controlled study
Authors: Riebel M. , Rohmer O. , Charles E. , Lefebvre F. , Weibel S. , Weiner L.
Published: June 2023

Background

People with mental disorders face frequent stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors from others. Importantly, they can internalize such negative attitudes and thus self-stigmatize. Self-stigma is involved in diminished coping skills leading to social avoidance and difficulties in adhering to care. Reducing self-stigma and its emotional corollary, shame, is thus crucial to attenuate the negative outcomes associated with mental illness. Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) is a third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy that targets shame reduction and hostile self-to-self relationship and allows for symptom improvement while increasing self-compassion. Although shame is a prominent part of the concept of self-stigma, the efficacy of CFT has never been evaluated in individuals with high levels of self-stigma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of a group-based CFT program on self-stigma, compared to a psychoeducation program for self-stigma (Ending Self-Stigma) and to treatment as usual (TAU). We hypothesize that diminished shame and emotional dysregulation and increased self-compassion will mediate the relationship between self-stigma improvements post-therapy in the experimental group.

Methods

This seven-center trial will involve 336 participants diagnosed with a severe mental illness and/or autism spectrum disorder and reporting high levels of self-stigma. Participants will be randomized into one of three treatment arms: 12 week-treatment of compassion-focused therapy (experimental arm), 12 week-treatment of Psychoeducation (active control arm), and TAU (treatment as usual—passive control arm). The primary outcome is the decrease of self-stigma scores on a self-report scale, i.e., ISMI, at 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints include sustainability of self-stigma scores (ISMI) and self-reported scores regarding target psychological dimensions, e.g., shame and emotional regulation, social functioning, and psychiatric symptoms. Assessments are scheduled at pretreatment, post-treatment (at 12 weeks), and at 6-month follow-up. Acceptability will be evaluated via (i) the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire at T0, (ii) the Consumer Satisfaction Questionnaire for Psychotherapeutic Services posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up, (iii) attendance, and (iv) dropout rates.

Discussion

This study will evaluate the potential efficacy and acceptability of a group-based CFT program on the decrease of self-stigma and thereby contribute to the continuing development of evidence-based therapeutic interventions for the internalized stigma of mental and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05698589. Registered on January 26, 2023
Synthesis of N,O-bidentate organic difluoroboron complexes and their photophysical studies
Authors: Guang Jin , Fan Weibin , Liu Zhiqi , Huang Deguang
Published: June 2023

We disclose a novel boron trifluoride induced C–H activation and difluoroboronation at room temperature, thus providing a straightforward gateway to a series of N,O-bidentate organic BF2 complexes. The scope of the method is demonstrated with 24 examples. All the synthesized compounds exhibit fluorescence and some of them have large Stokes shifts.

Graphical Abstract
Characterization of aberrant glycosylation associated with osteoarthritis based on integrated glycomics methods
Authors: Yu Hanjie , Li Mingxiu , Shu Jian , Dang Liuyi , Wu Xin , Wang Yuzi , Wang Xuan , Chang Xin , Bao Xiaojuan , Zhu Bojing , Ren Xiameng , Chen Wentian , Li Yi
Published: June 2023

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of aging people. Investigation of abnormal glycosylation is essential for the understanding of pathological mechanisms of OA.

Methods

The total protein was isolated from OA (n = 13) and control (n = 11) cartilages. Subsequently, glycosylation alterations of glycoproteins in OA cartilage were investigated by lectin microarrays and intact glycopeptides analysis. Finally, the expression of glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of altered glycosylation was assessed by qPCR and GEO database.

Results

Our findings revealed that several glycopatterns, such as α-1,3/6 fucosylation and high-mannose type of N-glycans were altered in OA cartilages. Notably, over 27% of identified glycopeptides (109 glycopeptides derived from 47 glycoproteins mainly located in the extracellular region) disappeared or decreased in OA cartilages, which is related to the cartilage matrix degradation. Interestingly, the microheterogeneity of N-glycans on fibronectin and aggrecan core protein was observed in OA cartilage. Our results combined with GEO data indicated that the pro-inflammatory cytokines altered the expression of glycosyltransferases (ALG3, ALG5, MGAT4C, and MGAT5) which may contribute to the alterations in glycosylation.

Conclusion

Our study revealed the abnormal glycopatterns and heterogeneities of site-specific glycosylation associated with OA. To our knowledge, it is the first time that the heterogeneity of site-specific N-glycans was reported in OA cartilage. The results of gene expression analysis suggested that the expression of glycosyltransferases was impacted by pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may facilitate the degradation of protein and accelerate the process of OA. Our findings provide valuable information for the understanding of molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of OA.
Association between serum lipid profile during the first and second trimester of pregnancy as well as their dynamic changes and gestational diabetes mellitus in twin pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Kexin , Zheng Wei , Yuan Xianxian , Wang Jia , Yang Ruihua , Ma Yuru , Han Weiling , Huang Junhua , Ma Kaiwen , Zhang Puyang , Xu Lili , Zhang Lirui , Yan Xin , Chen Tengda , Zhang Yujie , Li Guanghui
Published: June 2023

Background

Abnormal lipid metabolism is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in singleton pregnancies. Data were lacking on twin pregnancies with GDM. We explored the association between serum lipid profiles in the first and second trimesters as well as their dynamic changes and GDM in twin pregnancies.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of 2739 twin pregnancies that underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were selected from the Beijing Birth Cohort Study from June 2013 to May 2021. Cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were measured at mean 9 and 25 weeks of gestation. We described maternal lipid levels in different tertiles that were associated with the risk of GDM stratified for age, pre-BMI, and fertilization type. GDM patients were divided into two groups according to OGTT: elevated fasting plasma glucose only (FPG group) and the rest of the GDM (non-FPG group). We estimated the relative risk of GDM with multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

In this study, we found that 599 (21.9%, 599/2739) twin pregnancies developed GDM. They had increased CHO, TG, LDL, and LDL/HDL, decreased HDL levels in the first trimester, and increased TG as well as decreased HDL in the second trimester in univariate analyses, each P < 0.05. In multivariate analysis, when TG > 1.67 mmol/l (upper tertile) in elderly individuals, nonoverweight and ART groups increased the risk of GDM by 2.7-fold, 2.3-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively, compared with TG < 0.96 mmol/l (lower tertile). This effect remained in the abovementioned groups in the second trimester. Moreover, high TGs increased the risk of GDM in the FPG group (OR = 2.076, 95% CI 1.130–3.815) and non-FPG group (OR = 2.526, 95% CI 1.739–3.67) in the first trimester when TG > 1.67 mmol/l, and the rising risk in the non-FPG group as the TG tertile increased remained in the second trimester. HDL predominantly showed a negative association with elevated FPG in the second trimester (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Twin pregnancies with GDM have higher lipid levels. Increased TGs in the first and second trimesters are strongly associated with GDM, especially in elderly individuals, nonoverweight and ART groups. Lipid profiles varied among different GDM subtypes.
Recent five-year progress in the impact of gut microbiota on vaccination and possible mechanisms
Authors: Huang Biqing , Wang Jianwei , Li Lanjuan
Published: June 2023

Vaccine is the most effective way to prevent the spread of communicable diseases, but the immune response induced by it varies greatly between individuals and populations in different regions of the world. Current studies have identified the composition and function of the gut microbiota as key factors in modulating the immune response to vaccination. This article mainly reviews the differences in gut microbiota among different groups of vaccinated people and animals, explores the possible mechanism of vaccine immunity affected by gut microbiota, and reviews the strategies for targeting gut microbiota to improve vaccine efficacy.
A comparative study of religious beliefs, spiritual intelligence and spiritual well-being in two therapies based on education (anonymous drug user) and methadone in drug user in Iran
Authors: Rajabi Raheleh , Eslami Aliabadi Hassan , Javad Mahdizadeh Mohammad , Azzizadeh Forouzi Mansooreh
Published: June 2023

Objective

Prevention of high-risk behaviors has always been considered; According to the researches, a person’s religious attitudes and beliefs and intelligence quotient are associated with the prevention of high-risk behaviors such as drug addiction, and religiosity and spirituality also reduce drug addiction; Therefore, this study was conducted to compare religious beliefs, intelligence and spiritual health in two methods of education-based treatment and methadone in people with addiction.

Results

A comparative study was performed among 184 people on all drug users admitted to these wards that treated with methadone and participants of meetings of anonymous drug users. Four questionnaires were used to collect information. Mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the demographic characteristics of participants. Chi-square and fisher tests were used to compare demographic information in the two groups. The present study was performed following acquisition of the code of ethics (IR.BUMS.REC.1395.156) from Research Ethics Committee of Birjand University of Medical Sciences.
Lymphatic mapping for image-guided radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced uterine cervical cancer: a feasibility study
Authors: Adam Judit A. , Poel Edwin , van Eck-Smit Berthe L. F. , Mom Constantijne H. , Stalpers Lukas J. A. , Stoker Jaap , Bipat Shandra
Published: June 2023

Background

Lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). No imaging method can successfully detect all (micro)metastases. This may result in (lymph node) recurrence after chemoradiation. We hypothesized that lymphatic mapping could identify nodes at risk and if radiation treatment volumes are adapted based on the lymphatic map, (micro)metastases not shown on imaging could be treated. We investigated the feasibility of lymphatic mapping to image lymph nodes at risk for (micro)metastases in LACC and assessed the radiotherapy dose on the nodes at risk.

Methods

Patients with LACC were included between July 2020 and July 2022. Inclusion criteria were: ≥ 18 years old, intended curative chemoradiotherapy, investigation under anesthesia. Exclusion criteria were: pregnancy and extreme obesity. All patients underwent abdominal MRI, [18F]FDG-PET/CT and lymphatic mapping after administration of 6–8 depots of 99mTc]Tc-nanocolloid followed by planar and SPECT/CT images 2–4 and 24 h post-injection.

Results

Seventeen patients participated. In total, 40 nodes at risk were visualized on the lymphatic map in 13/17 patients with a median of two [range 0–7, IQR 0.5–3] nodes per patient, with unilateral drainage in 4/13 and bilateral drainage in 9/13 patients. No complications occurred. The lymphatic map showed more nodes compared to suspicious nodes on MRI or [18F]FDG-PET/CT in 8/14 patients. Sixteen patients were treated with radiotherapy with 34 visualized nodes on the lymphatic map. Of these nodes, 20/34 (58.8%) received suboptimal radiotherapy: 7/34 nodes did not receive radiotherapy at all, and 13/34 received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), but no simultaneous integrated boost (SIB).

Conclusion

Lymphatic mapping is feasible in LACC. Almost 60% of nodes at risk received suboptimal treatment during chemoradiation. As treatment failure could be caused by (micro)metastasis in some of these nodes, including nodes at risk in the radiotherapy treatment volume could improve radiotherapy treatment outcome in LACC.

Trail registration The study was first registered at the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP) under number of NL9323 on 4 March 2021. Considering the source platform was not operational anymore, the study was retrospectively registered again on February 27, 2023 at CilicalTrials.gov under number of NCT05746156.
Dietary supplementation with xylooligosaccharides and exogenous enzyme improves milk production, energy utilization efficiency and reduces enteric methane emissions of Jersey cows
Authors: Dong Lifeng , Zhao Lei , Li Bowei , Gao Yanhua , Yan Tianhai , Lund Peter , Liu Zhuofan , Diao Qiyu
Published: June 2023

Background

Sustainable strategies for enteric methane (CH4) mitigation of dairy cows have been extensively explored to improve production performance and alleviate environmental pressure. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and exogenous enzyme (EXE) supplementation on milk production, nutrient digestibility, enteric CH4 emissions, energy utilization efficiency of lactating Jersey dairy cows. Forty-eight lactating cows were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments: (1) control diet (CON), (2) CON with 25 g/d XOS (XOS), (3) CON with 15 g/d EXE (EXE), and (4) CON with 25 g/d XOS and 15 g/d EXE (XOS + EXE). The 60-d experimental period consisted of a 14-d adaptation period and a 46-d sampling period. The enteric CO2 and CH4 emissions and O2 consumption were measured using two GreenFeed units, which were further used to determine the energy utilization efficiency of cows.

Results

Compared with CON, cows fed XOS, EXE or XOS + EXE significantly (P < 0.05) increased milk yield, true protein and fat concentration, and energy-corrected milk yield (ECM)/DM intake, which could be reflected by the significant improvement (P < 0.05) of dietary NDF and ADF digestibility. The results showed that dietary supplementation of XOS, EXE or XOS + EXE significantly (P < 0.05) reduced CH4 emission, CH4/milk yield, and CH4/ECM. Furthermore, cows fed XOS demonstrated highest (P < 0.05) metabolizable energy intake, milk energy output but lowest (P < 0.05) of CH4 energy output and CH4 energy output as a proportion of gross energy intake compared with the remaining treatments.

Conclusions

Dietary supplementary of XOS, EXE or combination of XOS and EXE contributed to the improvement of lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, and energy utilization efficiency, as well as reduction of enteric CH4 emissions of lactating Jersey cows. This promising mitigation method may need further research to validate its long-term effect and mode of action for dairy cows.
Mass cytometric analysis of the immune cell landscape after traumatic brain injury elucidates the role of complement and complement receptors in neurologic outcomes
Authors: Toutonji Amer , Krieg Carsten , Borucki Davis M. , Mandava Mamatha , Guglietta Silvia , Tomlinson Stephen
Published: June 2023

Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), a neuroinflammatory response can persist for years and contribute to the development of chronic neurological manifestations. Complement plays a central role in post-TBI neuroinflammation, and C3 opsonins and the anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) have been implicated in promoting secondary injury. We used single cell mass cytometry to characterize the immune cell landscape of the brain at different time points after TBI. To specifically investigate how complement shapes the post-TBI immune cell landscape, we analyzed TBI brains in the context of CR2-Crry treatment, an inhibitor of C3 activation. We analyzed 13 immune cell types, including peripheral and brain resident cells, and assessed expression of various receptors. TBI modulated the expression of phagocytic and complement receptors on both brain resident and infiltrating peripheral immune cells, and distinct functional clusters were identified within same cell populations that emerge at different phases after TBI. In particular, a CD11c+ (CR4) microglia subpopulation continued to expand over 28 days after injury, and was the only receptor to show continuous increase over time. Complement inhibition affected the abundance of brain resident immune cells in the injured hemisphere and impacted the expression of functional receptors on infiltrating cells. A role for C5a has also been indicated in models of brain injury, and we found significant upregulation of C5aR1 on many immune cell types after TBI. However, we demonstrated experimentally that while C5aR1 is involved in the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain after injury, it does not alone affect histological or behavioral outcomes. However, CR2-Crry improved post-TBI outcomes and reduced resident immune cell populations, as well as complement and phagocytic receptor expression, indicating that its neuroprotective effects are mediated upstream of C5a generation, likely via modulating C3 opsonization and complement receptor expression.
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: a critical feature in unravelling the etiology of vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Rajeev Vismitha , Chai Yuek Ling , Poh Luting , Selvaraji Sharmelee , Fann David Y. , Jo Dong-Gyu , De Silva T. Michael , Drummond Grant R. , Sobey Christopher G. , Arumugam Thiruma V. , Chen Christopher P. , Lai Mitchell K. P.
Published: June 2023

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) describes a wide spectrum of cognitive deficits related to cerebrovascular diseases. Although the loss of blood flow to cortical regions critically involved in cognitive processes must feature as the main driver of VCI, the underlying mechanisms and interactions with related disease processes remain to be fully elucidated. Recent clinical studies of cerebral blood flow measurements have supported the role of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) as a major driver of the vascular pathology and clinical manifestations of VCI. Here we review the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as neuropathological changes of CCH. Potential interventional strategies for VCI are also reviewed. A deeper understanding of how CCH can lead to accumulation of VCI-associated pathology could potentially pave the way for early detection and development of disease-modifying therapies, thus allowing preventive interventions instead of symptomatic treatments.
High precision measurement of trace F and Cl in olivine by electron probe microanalysis
Authors: Zhang Di , Chen Yi , Su Bin , Qi Chao , Mao Qian
Published: June 2023

Fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl) are important volatiles in olivine and its high-pressure polymorphs, which would significantly affect olivine phase transition, melting temperature, and physical property of the mantle. F and Cl concentrations in olivine can be detected by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). However, the analytical accuracy and precision can be impeded by severe peak overlaps, low peak intensities of traditional analytical crystals, and secondary fluorescence effects. In this study, we constructed an optimized analytical method with high accuracy and precision to analyze trace F and Cl in olivine. Key parameters of analytical crystals, beam conditions, peak overlaps, and secondary fluorescence effects were discussed. Variations in the levels of the analyzed trace elements fall within ± 10%. The detection limits (3σ) for F and Cl are lowered to 30 ppm and 5 ppm, respectively. This method can provide precise F and Cl analysis for natural olivine samples and help to provide significant information on its formation process.
Long-term survival by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in a patient with perforated extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of the small intestine: a retrospective case study
Authors: Funaki Hiroshi , Nojima Naomi , Takikawa Yutaka , Komori Kazutoshi , Hasegawa Hajime , Sakai Tomoyuki , Yamada Sohsuke , Masaki Yasufumi
Published: June 2023

Background

Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) of the small intestine, is a disease with extremely poor prognosis. We describe treatment in a case which is novel in that it demonstrated long-term survival.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department of our hospital with the complaint of severe umbilical pain with tenderness and muscular defense. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a thick-wall mass on the small intestine and intra-abdominal free air. He was suspected of perforation of a small intestinal tumor and underwent emergency surgery. The surgery revealed a perforated tumor ulcer, and ENKL was diagnosed from the postoperative pathological findings. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. He was further treated with adjuvant chemotherapy by hematologist comprising six courses of dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide, and carboplatin. The patient demonstrated long-term survival and was in remission at the time of writing, four years and five months after surgery.

Conclusions

We report a rare case of long-term survival of perforated ENKL of the small intestine achieved by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide, and carboplatin. It is essential to consult with a hematologist to determine the most appropriate chemotherapy such as DeVIC if one encounters rare postoperative pathological findings of ENKL. To elucidate the pathophysiology of this disease and to prolong survival of affected patients, accumulation of cases of long-term survival and examination of associated characteristics is necessary.
Evaluation of total intravenous anesthesia with remimazolam in general anesthesia for pulmonary endarterectomy of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a case report
Authors: Igarashi Sae , Ishida Yusuke , Sekiguchi Shunya , Fujita Yosuke , Kawachi Aya , Tomino Mikiko
Published: June 2023

Background

Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is a treatment modality for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). PEA requires anesthesia management to prevent an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and circulatory failure. Therefore, it is necessary to select an anesthetic agent that can achieve these goals as much as possible. On the other hand, remimazolam, a short-acting sedative, was launched in Japan in 2020, and its use in various cases has been increasingly reported. This report demonstrates that remimazolam can be used safely in the anesthetic management of PEA.

Case presentation

A 57-year-old man was scheduled to undergo PEA for CTEPH. Remimazolam was used for sedation from induction of anesthesia. Hemodynamics were stable during surgery without circulatory failure. Anesthesia was managed intraoperatively without any particular increase in PVR.

Discussion

Anesthesia was successfully managed without any complications. This case suggests that remimazolam is one of the options for anesthetic management in PEA.
Parenting in context: parents’ experiences of caring for a child with autism in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Jasim , Ashrafun Laila
Published: June 2023

Although research on children with autism, their parents, and family-provider relations has substantially increased around the world, there has been a paucity of qualitative studies conducted on autism in developing countries or cross-cultural contexts. This qualitative study aims to explore parents’ experiences of raising a child with autism, as well as how autism is framed in everyday cultural contexts in Bangladesh. Using a semi-structured interview schedule, the study conducted interviews with four fathers and eighteen mothers of children with autism. The findings of this study reveal that parents who care for a child with autism experience emotions of sadness, frustration, and isolation. Despite the immense challenges that come with raising a child with autism, many parents report that their stress and anxiety are compounded by the stigma, avoidance, and disparaging remarks they receive from their own family members and neighbors. The findings of this study may help researchers and healthcare professionals understand better as to how local cultural beliefs, experiences, and understandings influence, how parents and families care for and view the development of their children with autism, and how they look for support and treatment services.
Strategies for calculating contrast media dose for chest CT
Authors: Henning Mette Karen , Gunn Catherine , Arenas-Jiménez Juan , Johansen Safora
Published: June 2023

Background

Total body weight (TBW) is a frequently used contrast media (CM) strategy for dose calculation in enhanced CT, yet it is suboptimal as it lacks consideration of patient characteristics, such as body fat percentage (BFP) and muscle mass. Alternative CM dosage strategies are suggested by the literature. Our objectives were to analyze the CM dose impact when adjusting to body composition using methods of obtaining lean body mass (LBM) and body surface area (BSA) along with its correlation with demographic factors in contrast enhanced chest CT examinations.

Methods

Eighty-nine adult patients referred for CM thoracic CT were retrospectively included, categorized as either normal, muscular, or overweight. Patient body composition data was used to calculate the CM dose according to LBM or BSA. LBM was calculated with the James method, Boer method, and bioelectric impedance (BIA). BSA was calculated using the Mostellar formula. We then correlated the corresponding CM doses with demographic factors.

Results

BIA demonstrated the highest and lowest calculated CM dose in muscular and overweight groups respectively, compared to other strategies. For the normal group, the lowest calculated CM dose was achieved using TBW. The calculated CM dose was more closely correlated with BFP using the BIA method.

Conclusions

The BIA method is more adaptive to variations in patient body habitus especially in muscular and overweight patients and is most closely correlated to patient demographics. This study could support utilizing the BIA method for calculating LBM for a body-tailored CM dose protocol for enhanced chest CT examinations.

Relevance statement

The BIA-based method is adaptive to variations in body habitus especially in muscular and overweight patients and is closely correlated to patient demographics for contrast-enhanced chest CT.

Key points

• Calculations based on BIA showed the largest variation in CM dose.

• Lean body weight using BIA demonstrated the strongest correlation to patient demographics.

• Lean body weight BIA protocol may be considered for CM dosing in chest CT.

Graphical Abstract
Thoracic endoscopic surgery: advantages and limitations
Authors: Nagy Mohamed Ragab
Published: June 2023

Background

Thoracoscopic spine surgery is a form of minimally invasive spine surgery primarily used to treat thoracic spinal disk herniation and stenosis via endoscopic discectomy and decompression techniques, respectively. In contrast to the lengthy recovery time and related risks of an open approach, this minimally invasive technique primarily attempts to limit tissue trauma while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. Thoracoscopies and video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery were first developed in the early 1990s. Larger surgical instruments and improved access to foraminal pathologies were made possible because of Kambin's triangle. This triangle zone is formed by the exiting root anteriorly, the traversing root medially, and the superior end plate of the lower lumbar vertebra inferiorly. With the development of high-quality video imaging, small endoscopes, and modified new instruments, video-assisted thoracic surgery has become the minimally invasive technique of choice for most thoracic and transthoracic surgeries. Spinal biopsy procedures, discectomy, decompressive corpectomy, interbody fusions, internal fixations, and debridement are now among the indications for thoracoscopic spine surgery. This review will focus on assessing the advantages and limitations of thoracoscopic spine surgery.

Conclusions

Thoracoscopic spine surgery with a minimally invasive approach is a safe and successful alternative to traditional open thoracic spine surgery. It significantly reduces the morbidity associated with open thoracic procedures while maintaining the surgical procedure's safety and efficacy. The indications and applications of thoracoscopic spine surgery will continue to grow as surgeons gain more experience with the procedure and new endoscopic instruments are developed.
Langya virus outbreak: current challenges and lesson learned from previous henipavirus outbreaks in China, Australia, and Southeast Asia
Authors: Adesola Ridwan Olamilekan , Miranda Adriana Viola , Tran Yeuk Shun Joshua , Idris Ibrahim , Lin Xu , Kouwenhoven M. B. N. , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo
Published: June 2023

Background and aims

A new novel virus, Langya virus (LayV), was detected in China in August 2022, 3 years after the COVID-19 pandemic. LayV is similar to the previously discovered Mojiang henipavirus. Other zoonotic henipaviruses include the Hendra and Nipah viruses. The emergence of the zoonotic Langya virus is attributed to climate change and wildlife encroachment, as LayV is detected in shrews. Those who are infected in China showed various symptoms, but no deaths have been recorded yet. This review aims to shed light on the current state of Langya virus outbreak, its infection control efforts, and the remaining challenges that need to be addressed to curb the outbreak.

Methods

We utilized online publication databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus in writing this review article.

Results

A surveillance study on thirty-five febrile patients in Eastern China identified the Langya virus outbreak. The current efforts from the Chinese government and health authorities to reduce the transmission and spread of Langya virus such as isolation and characterization of LayV, challenges associated with the increase in cases of LayV, and trackable recommendations such as strengthening the healthcare system in China, sensitization of people about risks associated with Langya virus outbreaks, creating an intensive surveillance system network, etc. were discussed.

Conclusion

It is germane and pertinent that the Chinese government and health authorities continue to intensify efforts against Langya virus and address the challenges to effectively reduce transmission.
Microbiota members from body sites of dairy cows are largely shared within individual hosts throughout lactation but sharing is limited in the herd
Authors: Mariadassou Mahendra , Nouvel Laurent X. , Constant Fabienne , Morgavi Diego P. , Rault Lucie , Barbey Sarah , Helloin Emmanuelle , Rué Olivier , Schbath Sophie , Launay Frederic , Sandra Olivier , Lefebvre Rachel , Le Loir Yves , Germon Pierre , Citti Christine , Even Sergine
Published: June 2023

Background

Host-associated microbes are major determinants of the host phenotypes. In the present study, we used dairy cows with different scores of susceptibility to mastitis with the aim to explore the relationships between microbiota composition and different factors in various body sites throughout lactation as well as the intra- and inter-animal microbial sharing.

Results

Microbiotas from the mouth, nose, vagina and milk of 45 lactating dairy cows were characterized by metataxonomics at four time points during the first lactation, from 1-week pre-partum to 7 months post-partum. Each site harbored a specific community that changed with time, likely reflecting physiological changes in the transition period and changes in diet and housing. Importantly, we found a significant number of microbes shared among different anatomical sites within each animal. This was between nearby anatomic sites, with up to 32% of the total number of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) of the oral microbiota shared with the nasal microbiota but also between distant ones (e.g. milk with nasal and vaginal microbiotas). In contrast, the share of microbes between animals was limited (< 7% of ASVs shared by more than 50% of the herd for a given site and time point). The latter widely shared ASVs were mainly found in the oral and nasal microbiotas. These results thus indicate that despite a common environment and diet, each animal hosted a specific set of bacteria, supporting a tight interplay between each animal and its microbiota. The score of susceptibility to mastitis was slightly but significantly related to the microbiota associated to milk suggesting a link between host genetics and microbiota.

Conclusions

This work highlights an important sharing of microbes between relevant microbiotas involved in health and production at the animal level, whereas the presence of common microbes was limited between animals of the herd. This suggests a host regulation of body-associated microbiotas that seems to be differently expressed depending on the body site, as suggested by changes in the milk microbiota that were associated to genotypes of susceptibility to mastitis.
The traditional Greek cheese Tsalafouti: history, technology, nutrition and gastronomy
Authors: Malissiova Eleni , Meleti Ermioni , Samara Antonia , Alexandraki Maria , Manouras Athanasios
Published: June 2023

Tsalafouti is an ‘’unknown’’ Greek traditional cheese with great potential for getting Protected Designation of Origin accreditation and leading entrepreneurship in the area of origin. This study aimed to collect and comprehensively analyse valuable data on the history, technology, nutrition and gastronomy of Tsalafouti. A study survey was designed and 8 out of 13 Tsalafouti producers in Greece participated, providing data on Tsalafouti’s technology, quality, nutrition and history. It was revealed that there currently are some variations in Tsalafouti’s production, while the end product is of special nutritional (low in fat) and gastronomic attributes. In any case, it is apparent that food heritage and specifically dairy products heritage can possibly act as a tool for entrepreneurship, given that the special attributes that Tsalafouti may hold will be highlighted and further evidenced.

Graphical Abstract
Efficacy and safety of transcarotid compared to transfemoral approach of patent ductus arteriosus stenting in duct-dependent cyanotic heart disease
Authors: Dewangga Made Satria Yudha , Prakoso Radityo , Rahajoe Anna Ulfah , Lilyasari Oktavia
Published: June 2023

Background

Minimally invasive transcatheter approaches were usually done for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. There are two ways to establish vascular access, by using transfemoral either femoral vein (FV) or femoral artery (FA) and transcarotid artery (CA) with surgical cutdown approach to access the PDA and then provide good support for the balloon and the stent to be safely deployed. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of transcarotid with surgical cutdown compared to the transfemoral approach of patent ductus arteriosus stenting in duct-dependent cyanotic heart disease.

Results

Overall procedural complication rates were higher in the FA/FV approach than in the CA approach (51% vs. 30%). The incidence of acute limb ischemia in the FA approach is significantly higher than in the CA approach (P < 0.05). No acute thrombosis/occlusion of the carotid artery was assessed by carotid vascular ultrasound in 2-day series.

Conclusions

The transcarotid approach with surgical cutdown may offer a secure and more efficient means of accessing the PDA, particularly for those emerging from the underside of the aortic arch.
Improving retention and HIV viral load suppression among adolescents living with HIV in TASO Soroti and TASO Mbale centers of excellence using Operation Triple Zero model: a before and after study protocol
Authors: Oryokot Bonniface , Kazibwe Andrew , Kagimu David , Oluka Abraham Ignatius , Kato Darlius , Miya Yunus , Etukoit Michael Bernard , Namusoke-Magongo Eleanor
Published: June 2023

Background

Retention in care and HIV viral load suppression remains sub-optimal among HIV positive adolescents in many settings including TASO Uganda, despite the implementation of interventions such as regimen optimization and community-based approaches like multi-month drug dispensing. To this end, the implementation of additional intervention is urgently required to address gaps in current programming which include inadequate centralization of the HIV positive adolescents and their caregivers in the designs. This study, thus, proposes to adapt and implement the Operation Triple Zero (OTZ) model in TASO Soroti and Mbale centers to improve both retention and viral load suppression among the adolescents living with HIV.

Methodology

A before and after study design is preferred, employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. To identify barriers and facilitators to retention and HIV viral load suppression among the HIV positive adolescents, secondary data, focused group discussions, and key informant interviews will be used to understand perspectives of the adolescents, their caregivers, and the health-workers. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) will help in designing the intervention, while Knowledge to Action (K2A) will support the adaptation process. To test the intervention, Reach, Effectiveness, Adaption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework will be used. A paired t-test will be used to compare means of retention and viral load suppression in the before and after study periods.

Discussion

This study aims at adapting and implementing the OTZ model in TASO Soroti and Mbale Centers of Excellence (COEs) to attain optimal retention and HIV viral load suppression rates among the HIV positive adolescents in care. Uganda is yet to adapt the touted OTZ model and findings from this study will be important in providing the necessary lessons to inform a policy shift for potential scale up of the model. Furthermore, results of this study could provide additional evidence for the effectiveness of OTZ in attaining optimal HIV treatment outcomes among the adolescents living with HIV.
Curcumin-polyvinyl alcohol nano-composite enhances tolerance of Helianthus annuus L. against salinity stress
Authors: Zaki Faten S. , Khater Mahmoud A. , El-Awadi Mohamed E. , Dawood Mona G. , Elsayed Alaa E.
Published: June 2023

Background

Nanotechnology is a promising technology in many fields including agriculture. So, this investigation aimed to study effect of curcumin (CUR) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nano-compositeat 0, 20, 40 and 60 mg L−1 on physiochemical attributes of sunflower plants grown under salinity stress (3000 ppm).

Results

Results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced all growth indiceslike plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight of shoot and leaf area accompanied by significant increases in proline content, secondary metabolites (total phenolic compound contents and flavonoids), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase increased significantly. The decreases in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids due to salinity stress were non-significant. On the other hand, curcumin with polyvinyl alcohol (CUR-PVA) nano-composite at all concentrations significantly promoted all vegetative growth parameters, total photosynthetic pigments, secondary metabolites, antioxidant enzyme activities accompanied by significant decreases in proline content, MDA and H2O2 either in plant irrigated with tap water or saline solution relative to corresponding control. CUR-PVA nano-composite at 20 mg L−1 was the most optimum treatment either in plant irrigated with tape water or saline solution since it caused the highest significant increases in vegetative growth parameters, total photosynthetic pigments, secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzyme activities accompanied by highest significant decreases in proline content, MDA and H2O2 relative to control.

Conclusions

In brief that CUR-PVA nano-composite employs no ticeable effect in decreasing the deleterious effect of salinity on quality of sunflower.
The Times, They Are A-Changing: The Impact of Next-Generation Sequencing on Diagnosis, Classification, and Prognostication of Myeloid Malignancies With Focus on Myelodysplastic Syndrome, AML, and Germline Predisposition
Authors: Gurbuxani Sandeep , Hochman Michael J. , DeZern Amy E. , Shimamura Akiko
Published: June 2023

Myeloid malignancies are a manifestation of clonal expansion of hematopoietic cells driven by somatic genetic alterations that may arise in a potential background of deleterious germline variants. As next-generation sequencing technology has become more accessible, real-world experience has allowed integration of molecular genomic data with morphology, immunophenotype, and conventional cytogenetics to refine our understanding of myeloid malignancies. This has prompted revisions in the classification and the prognostication schema of myeloid malignancies and germline predisposition to hematologic malignancies. This review provides an overview of significant changes in the recently published classifications of AML and myelodysplastic syndrome, emerging prognostic scoring, and the role of germline deleterious variants in predisposing to MDS and AML.
Blood-based Proteomic Signatures Associated With MEN1-related Duodenopancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Progression
Authors: Fahrmann Johannes F , Wasylishen Amanda R , Pieterman Carolina R C , Irajizad Ehsan , Vykoukal Jody , Wu Ranran , Dennison Jennifer B , Peterson Christine B , Zhao Hua , Do Kim-Anh , Halperin Daniel M , Agarwal Sunita K , Blau Jenny E , Jha Smita , Rivero Jaydira Del , Nilubol Naris , Walter Mary F , Welch James M , Weinstein Lee S , Vriens Menno R , van Leeuwaarde Rachel S , van Treijen Mark J C , Valk Gerlof D , Perrier Nancy D , Hanash Samir M , Katayama Hiroyuki
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) are predisposed to develop duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (dpNETs), and metastatic dpNET is the primary cause of disease-related mortality. Presently, there is a paucity of prognostic factors that can reliably identify patients with MEN1-related dpNETS who are at high risk of distant metastasis. In the current study, we aimed to establish novel circulating molecular protein signatures associated with disease progression.

Experimental Design

Mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling was conducted on plasmas procured through an international collaboration between MD Anderson Cancer Center, the National Institutes of Health, and the University Medical Center Utrecht from a cohort of 56 patients with MEN1 [14 with distant metastasis dpNETs (cases) and 42 with either indolent dpNETs or no dpNETs (controls)]. Findings were compared to proteomic profiles generated from serially collected plasmas from a mouse model of Men1-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Men1fl/flPdx1-CreTg) and control mice (Men1fl/fl).

Results

A total of 187 proteins were found to be elevated in MEN1 patients with distant metastasis compared to controls, including 9 proteins previously associated with pancreatic cancer and other neuronal proteins. Analyses of mouse plasmas revealed 196 proteins enriched for transcriptional targets of oncogenic MYCN, YAP1, POU5F1, and SMAD that were associated with disease progression in Men1fl/flPdx1-CreTg mice. Cross-species intersection revealed 19 proteins positively associated with disease progression in both human patients and in Men1fl/flPdx1-CreTg mice.

Conclusions

Our integrated analyses identified novel circulating protein markers associated with disease progression in MEN1-related dpNET.
Abnormal Calcium Levels are Associated With Worse Maternal and Fetal Outcomes; Results From an Exploratory Study
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Fahad , Elamin Aisha , Bennet William , Choudhari Yashashri Kishor , Balasubramanian Saba P
Published: June 2023

Context

Precise estimates of the incidence of hyper- and hypocalcemia in pregnancy are unknown. Abnormal calcium levels have been associated with unfavorable pregnancy-related outcomes.

Objective

Determine frequency of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia in pregnancy when tested and their associations with maternal and fetal outcomes.

Design

Exploratory retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Single tertiary care maternity unit.

Patients

Pregnant women with expected delivery date between 2017 and 2019 and a second additional cohort of pregnant women with hypercalcemia between 2014 and 2016 and 2020 and 2021.

Interventions

Observational.

Main outcomes measured

(1) Incidence of hyper- and hypocalcemia when calcium tested; (2) maternal outcomes: incidence of preterm delivery, emergency cesarean section, and blood loss during delivery; and (3) fetal outcomes: fetal loss (miscarriage/stillbirth), neonatal intensive care unit admission, and fetal birth weight (for term deliveries).

Results

Total number of gestations and livebirths recorded were 33 118 and 20 969, respectively, with median [interquartile range] age of 30.1 [25.6-34.3] years. A total of 15.7% (n = 5197) of all gestations had albumin-adjusted calcium tested, and incidence of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia when tested was 0.8% (n = 42) and 9.5% (n = 495), respectively. Both hypercalcemia (including additional cohort n = 89) and hypocalcemia were associated with increased incidence of preterm delivery (P < .001), emergency cesarean section (P < .001 and .019), blood loss (P < .001), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (P < .001). A total of 27% in the hypercalcemic group had an established diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Conclusions

Abnormal calcium levels during pregnancy are common and associated with worse pregnancy-related outcomes, which raises the possible need for routine calcium testing. Prospective studies to confirm the incidence, etiology, and effects of abnormal calcium in pregnancy are recommended.
Whiteness and the Affective Economy of Happy Antiracism inNative SonandMeridian
Authors: Johnston-Levy Taylor
Published: June 2023

This article explores how antiracism cultivates happiness among white subjects and how that emotion alienates people of color. It argues that a cohort of twentieth-century African American writers critiqued this happy antiracism in their fiction, examining Richard Wright’s Native Son (1940) and Alice Walker’s Meridian (1976) as two representative examples. Both novels portray what Sara Ahmed calls an “affective economy,” specifically the unequal affective economy produced by antiracism’s circulation as a cultural object. Wright considers how antiracism occasions happiness in white subjects by bolstering their sense of their own virtue, and how this happiness alienates African Americans, for whom antiracism is embedded in the experience of ongoing racial violence. Writing in the heyday of second-wave feminism, Walker examines how, even as antiracism shores up happy feeling, it can also compromise the agency of white women, whose activism is mediated by the persistence of nineteenth-century ideals of sentimentalism and domesticity.