bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Siting of Distributed Generation Unit in Power Distribution System considering Voltage Profile and Power Losses
Authors: Aman Muhammad Aamir , Ren Xin Cheng , Tareen Wajahat Ullah Khan , Khan Muhammad Abbas , Anjum Muhammad Rizwan , Hashmi Anas M. , Ali Haider , Bari Inam , Khan Jehanzeb , Ahmad Sanaullah
Published: January 2022

Many underdeveloped countries are facing acute shortage of electric power and short term measures are important to consider to address the problems of power outage, power plant failures, and disaster areas. Distributed generation (DG) is a promising approach for such cases as it allows quick on-site installation and generation of electric power. Injection of DG can improve the system voltage profile and also reduce the system's total power losses. However, the placement and sizing of the DG unit is an optimization problem in the radial distribution system. As a test case, this study examines voltage profile improvement and system power losses for an 11 KV residential feeder at the Abdul Rehman Baba grid station in Pakistan, which is modelled using the Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP). For various scenarios, several tests are conducted to assess the effects of DG on the distribution system. The results show that proper design considerations of size and location of a DG, to be inserted in to the system, lead to significant reduction in power losses and improvement in voltage profile and thus improvement in the overall efficiency of the power system. The projections of this work can be used to optimize the expansion of a power system and tackling different issues related to voltage profile in distribution sector worldwide.
Coupled CFD‐FEM Simulation of Steel Box Bridge Exposed to Fire
Authors: Xu Chenglong , Liu Zhi
Published: January 2022

Increasing fire‐induced bridge failures are demanding more precise behavior prediction for the bridges subjected to fires. However, current numerical methods are limited to temperature curves prescribed for building structures, which can misestimate the fire impact significantly. This paper developed a framework coupling the computational dynamics (CFD) method and finite element method (FEM) to predict the performance of fire‐exposed bridges. The fire combustion was simulated in CFD software, Fire Dynamic Simulator, to calculate the thermal boundary required by the thermomechanical simulation. Then, the adiabatic surface temperatures and heat transfer coefficient were applied to the FEM model of the entire bridge girder. A sequential coupled thermomechanical FEM simulation was then carried out to evaluate the performance of the fire‐exposed bridge, thermally and structurally. The methodology was then validated through a real fire experiment on a steel beam. The fire performance of a simply supported steel box bridge was simulated using the proposed coupled CFD‐FEM methodology. Numerical results show that the presented method was able to replicate the inhomogeneous thermomechanical response of box bridges exposed to real fires. The girder failed due to the buckling of a central diaphragm after the ignition of the investigated tanker fire in no more than 10 min. The framework presented in this study is programmatic and friendly to researchers and can be applied for the estimation of bridges in different fire conditions.
Automatic Coding of Facial Expressions of Pain: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Lautenbacher Stefan , Hassan Teena , Seuss Dominik , Loy Frederik W. , Garbas Jens-Uwe , Schmid Ute , Kunz Miriam
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The experience of pain is regularly accompanied by facial expressions. The gold standard for analyzing these facial expressions is the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), which provides so-called action units (AUs) as parametrical indicators of facial muscular activity. Particular combinations of AUs have appeared to be pain-indicative. The manual coding of AUs is, however, too time- and labor-intensive in clinical practice. New developments in automatic facial expression analysis have promised to enable automatic detection of AUs, which might be used for pain detection. Objective. Our aim is to compare manual with automatic AU coding of facial expressions of pain. Methods. FaceReader7 was used for automatic AU detection. We compared the performance of FaceReader7 using videos of 40 participants (20 younger with a mean age of 25.7 years and 20 older with a mean age of 52.1 years) undergoing experimentally induced heat pain to manually coded AUs as gold standard labeling. Percentages of correctly and falsely classified AUs were calculated, and we computed as indicators of congruency, “sensitivity/recall,” “precision,” and “overall agreement (F1).” Results. The automatic coding of AUs only showed poor to moderate outcomes regarding sensitivity/recall, precision, and F1. The congruency was better for younger compared to older faces and was better for pain-indicative AUs compared to other AUs. Conclusion. At the moment, automatic analyses of genuine facial expressions of pain may qualify at best as semiautomatic systems, which require further validation by human observers before they can be used to validly assess facial expressions of pain.
Futuristic Developments and Applications in Endoluminal Stenting
Authors: Ferreira-Silva Joel , Medas Renato , Girotra Mohit , Barakat Monique , Tabibian James H. , Rodrigues-Pinto Eduardo
Published: January 2022

Endoscopic stenting is a well-established option for the treatment of malignant obstruction, temporary management of benign strictures, and sealing transmural defects, as well as drainage of pancreatic fluid collections and biliary obstruction. In recent years, in addition to expansion in indications for endoscopic stenting, considerable strides have been made in stent technology, and several types of devices with advanced designs and materials are continuously being developed. In this review, we discuss the important developments in stent designs and novel indications for endoluminal and transluminal stenting. Our discussion specifically focuses on (i) biodegradable as well as (ii) irradiating and drug-eluting stents for esophageal, gastroduodenal, biliary, and colonic indications, (iii) endoscopic stenting in inflammatory bowel disease, and (iv) lumen-apposing metal stent.
Virtual Healthcare Center for COVID-19 Patient Detection Based on Artificial Intelligence Approaches
Authors: Messaoud Seifeddine , Bouaafia Soulef , Maraoui Amna , Khriji Lazhar , Ammari Ahmed Chiheb , Machhout Mohsen
Published: January 2022

At the end of 2019, the infectious coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported for the first time in Wuhan, and, since then, it has become a public health issue in China and even worldwide. This pandemic has devastating effects on societies and economies around the world, and poor countries and continents are likely to face particularly serious and long-lasting damage, which could lead to large epidemic outbreaks because of the lack of financial and health resources. The increasing number of COVID-19 tests gives more information about the epidemic spread, and this can help contain the spread to avoid more infection. As COVID-19 keeps spreading, medical products, especially those needed to perform blood tests, will become scarce as a result of the high demand and insufficient supply and logistical means. However, technological tests based on deep learning techniques and medical images could be useful in fighting this pandemic. In this perspective, we propose a COVID-19 disease diagnosis (CDD) tool that implements a deep learning technique to provide automatic symptoms checking and COVID-19 detection. Our CDD scheme implements two main steps. First, the patient’s symptoms are checked, and the infection probability is predicted. Then, based on the infection probability, the patient’s lungs will be diagnosed by an automatic analysis of X-ray or computerized tomography (CT) images, and the presence of the infection will be accordingly confirmed or not. The numerical results prove the efficiency of the proposed scheme by achieving an accuracy value over 90% compared with the other schemes.
Study on the Path of Three-Chain Integration of the Logistics Service Industry in Zhengzhou
Authors: Peng Qingxiu , Wang Yujie
Published: January 2022

To optimize the spatial layout of modern logistics services in Zhengzhou, build a driving mechanism for the professional development of logistics services, and promote logistics services to give full play to the driving force of coordinated development of regional economy, we must base ourselves on the logistics service industry chain, strengthen industrial innovation, value innovation and integration innovation, and realize the reconstruction of the value chain of logistics service industry. Based on the three-chain integration theory, this paper constructs a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for the three-chain integration of logistics service industry, adopts a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, evaluates the effect of the three-chain integration of logistics service industry in Zhengzhou, and aims at the problems existing in the process of three-chain integration, such as lack of systematic planning, weak competitiveness, and low profitability. Measures such as improving fiscal and tax incentives, clarifying strategic positioning, overall planning of industry layout, strengthening innovation, and integrating new driving forces for the development of logistics service industry will further promote the in-depth integration of logistics service industry chain, value chain, and innovation chain in Zhengzhou.
Reflections on the Innovation of University Scientific Research Management in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Li Yiming
Published: January 2022

In China, universities are important centers for SR (scientific research) and innovation, and the quality of SR management has a significant impact on university innovation. The informatization of SR management is a critical component of university development in the big data environment. As a result, it is crucial to figure out how to improve SR management. As a result, this paper builds a four-tier B/W/D/C (Browser/Web/Database/Client) university SR management innovation information system based on big data technology and thoroughly examines the system’s hardware and software configuration. The SVM-WNB (Support Vector Machine-Weighted NB) classification algorithm is proposed, and the improved algorithm runs in parallel on the Hadoop cloud computing platform, allowing the algorithm to process large amounts of data efficiently. The optimization strategy proposed in this paper can effectively optimize the execution of scientific big data applications according to a large number of simulation experiments and real-world multidata center environment experiments.
Classification Method and Application of Rock Fracture Ability by Supercritical CO2 Blasting
Authors: Zhu Xiaohong , Jia Jianhong , Cai Zhongwei
Published: January 2022

In order to study the fracture ability classification of rock mass under the cracking action of supercritical CO2 phase transition, based on the classification theory of rock mass in blasting engineering, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-entropy weight method (EWM) and the cloud model classification method for rock mass cracking under CO2 phase transformation are proposed. In this method, rock density, rock tensile strength, rock wave impedance, and rock mass integrity coefficient are used as the factors to determine the level of rock mass fracturing, and the evaluation index system of rock mass fracturing is established. Through this evaluation method, the rock mass in a reconstruction project section of Nyingchi, Tibet, is classified and evaluated. The results present that this new classification method of rock mass fracture ability uses AHP–EWM to carry out the weight distribution of the classification index. In addition, it is combined with the cloud model for the classification division, overcoming the traditional classification method fixed with appraisal pattern flaw. Therefore, it has validity and feasibility. According to the characteristics of fracture ability, the rock masses in the area to be rebuilt on the Tibet Highway are divided into grade II, grade III, and grade IV, which provides scientific guidance for the construction of the project.
Improved Outcomes of Combined Main Branch Stenting and Side Branch Drug-Coated Balloon versus Two-Stent Strategy in Patients with Left Main Bifurcation Lesions
Authors: Liu Hengdao , Tao Hailong , Han Xufei , Lu Yang , Xue Xiaofei , Feng Ruihan , Lv Fenghua , Liu Yanwei , Jin Hongrui , Li Lianjie , Gu Heping
Published: January 2022

Background. Drug-eluting stent (DES) plus drug-coated balloon (DCB) is a safe and effective treatment strategy for coronary artery bifurcation lesions, but there is no report about this strategy being used for left main (LM) bifurcation lesions. We aim to explore the efficacy and safety of DES plus DCB in the treatment of LM bifurcation lesions. Methods. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with LM bifurcation lesions by coronary angiography were retrospectively enrolled at our center from January 2018 to December 2019. They received either a two-stent strategy or a main branch (MB) stenting plus side branch (SB) DCB strategy and were accordingly divided into the 2-DES group and the DES + DCB group. Patients treated with DES + DCB were compared with a cohort of matched patients treated with a 2-DES strategy. Clinical data was collected and quantitative coronary analysis was performed. Results. For immediate postoperative angiography, though the two groups had no differences in the minimal luminal diameter (MLD) and luminal stenosis of MB, the DES + DCB group had significantly lower SB ostial MLD and a higher degree of residual lumen stenosis than the 2-DES group (

P
<
0.05

). At the time of follow-up, the SB ostial MLD of the DES + DCB group was higher than that of the 2-DES group, but lumen stenosis, late lumen loss (LLL), and LLL at the distal end of the left MB were all smaller than those of the 2-DES group (

P
s
<
0.05

). Furthermore, the incidence of lumen restenosis and MACE between the two groups had no significance. Conclusion. The combination of DES and DCB is relatively safe and effective for the treatment of LM bifurcation lesions, and this strategy seems to have advantages in reducing LLL at the SB ostium.
Multimedia Character Modeling Design and Modeling of Cartoon Animation Based on Bayesian Sequence Recommendation Algorithm
Authors: Wu Hao , Wen Shi-Jiang , Yang Jong-Hoon
Published: January 2022

With the continuous development of the social economy, cartoon animation and other multimedia and streaming media forms are becoming more and more popular and are loved by all kinds of people, such as monkey king and Nezha. However, the multimedia of these cartoon animation needs to conform to mainstream values and transmit positive energy. In view of these needs and shortcomings, this study relies on the Bayesian sequence recommendation algorithm, combs the three-tier architecture diagram of multimedia character modeling, analyzes it, respectively, from the perspectives of hierarchy, behavior, and interactive process, and tries to build corresponding animation design management documents, so as to provide corresponding decision-making basis to produce animation and develop corresponding results, provide corresponding reference mode for cartoon animation multimedia character manufacturing, complete corresponding cartoon animation multimedia characters faster, and improve cartoon animation multimedia works and efficiency. The simulation results show that the Bayesian sequence recommendation algorithm is effective and can support the design and modeling of cartoon animation multimedia characters.
A Novel Spherical Fuzzy Rough Aggregation Operators Hybrid with TOPSIS Method and Their Application in Decision Making
Authors: Huang Chun-Nen , Ashraf Shahzaib , Rehman Noor , Abdullah Saleem , Hussain Azmat
Published: January 2022

Industrial control system (ICS) attacks are usually targeted attacks that use the ICS entry approach to get a foothold within a system and move laterally throughout the organization. In recent decades, powerful attacks such as Stuxnet, Duqu, Flame, and Havex have served as wake-up calls for industrial units. All organizations are faced with the rise of security challenges in technological innovations. This paper aims to develop aggregation operators that can be used to address the decision-making problems based on a spherical fuzzy rough environment. Meanwhile, some interesting properties of idempotence, boundedness, and monotonicity for the proposed operators are analyzed. Moreover, we use this newly constructed framework to select ICS security suppliers and validate its acceptability. Furthermore, a different test has been performed based on a new operator to strengthen the suggested approach. Additionally, comparative analysis based on the novel extended TOPSIS method is presented to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique. The results show that the conventional approach has a larger area for information representation, better adaptability to the evaluation environment, and higher reliability of the evaluation results.
The Study of a Predator‐Prey Model with Fear Effect Based on State‐Dependent Harvesting Strategy
Authors: Tian Y. , Li H. M.
Published: January 2022

In presence of predator population, the prey population may significantly change their behavior. Fear for predator population enhances the survival probability of prey population, and it can greatly reduce the reproduction of prey population. In this study, we propose a predator‐prey fishery model introducing the cost of fear into prey reproduction with Holling type‐II functional response and prey‐dependent harvesting and investigate the global dynamics of the proposed model. For the system without harvest, it is shown that the level of fear may alter the stability of the positive equilibrium, and an expression of fear critical level is characterized. For the harvest system, the existence of the semitrivial order‐1 periodic solution and positive order‐q (q ≥ 1) periodic solution is discussed by the construction of a Poincaré map on the phase set, and the threshold conditions are given, which can not only transform state‐dependent harvesting into a cycle one but also provide a possibility to determine the harvest frequency. In addition, to ensure a certain robustness of the adopted harvest policy, the threshold condition for the stability of the order‐q periodic solution is given. Meanwhile, to achieve a good economic profit, an optimization problem is formulated and the optimum harvest level is obtained. Mathematical findings have been validated in numerical simulation by MATLAB. Different effects of different harvest levels and different fear levels have been demonstrated by depicting figures in numerical simulation using MATLAB.
Abstract IA-04: Leveraging the potential of artificial and machine learning technologies to address cancer health disparities
Authors: Dankwa-Mullan Irene
Published: January 2022

How can we realize the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning for addressing cancer inequities and advancing cancer health disparities research? This presentation will discuss areas where bias can be introduced into the AI and machine learning design, development, implementation, use and standardization for cancer care. What are the factors that contribute to bias in the research continuum and how can we mitigate them? The presentation will provide some promising and actionable examples of how we can leverage the transformative potential of AI and machine learning to address cancer health disparities.

Citation Format: Irene Dankwa-Mullan. Leveraging the potential of artificial and machine learning technologies to address cancer health disparities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-04.
Abstract IA-07: Genetic ancestry and lung cancer somatic mutations in patients of Latin American descent: Etiology and treatment implications
Authors: Carrot-Zhang Jian , Soca-Chafre Giovanny , Patterson Nick , Thorner Aaron , Nag Anwesha , Watson Jacqueline , Genovese Giulio , Rodriguez July , Gelbard Maya , Corrales-Rodriguez Luis , Mitsuishi Yoichiro , Ha Gavin , Campbell Joshua , Oxnard Geoffrey , Arrieta Oscar , Cardona Andres , Gusev Alexander , Meyerson Matthew
Published: January 2022

Inherited lung cancer risk, particularly in nonsmokers, is poorly understood. In particular, the frequency of somatic EGFR and KRAS mutations in lung cancer varies by ethnicity. Somatic EGFR mutation rates are higher in lung cancers from patients with East Asian ancestry and lower in patients with European or African ancestry. Somatic KRAS mutation rates show the opposite pattern. In patients from Latin America, somatic lung cancer EGFR mutation rates vary by country, highest in countries with more Native American ancestry. To ask whether the somatic genome in lung cancer is affected by ethnicity related germline risk, we studied genomes from 1,153 lung cancers from Mexico and Colombia. This study revealed striking associations between ancestry and somatic lung cancer alterations, including tumor mutational burden, and specific driver mutations in EGFR, KRAS, and STK11. A local ancestry score was more strongly correlated with EGFR mutation frequency compared with global ancestry correlation, suggesting that germline genetics (rather than environmental exposure) underlie these disparities. Our study suggests that the variation in EGFR and KRAS mutation frequency in lung cancer is associated with genetic ancestry in patients from Latin America, and suggests further studies to identify germline alleles that underpin this association. If we find a germline locus, this might help in improving lung cancer prevention and screening for populations of Latin American origin and others. Furthermore, multiple studies now highlight the special importance of EGFR mutation screening and EGFR-directed targeted therapy for lung cancer patients in Latin America and with origins in Latin America.

Citation Format: Jian Carrot-Zhang, Giovanny Soca-Chafre, Nick Patterson, Aaron Thorner, Anwesha Nag, Jacqueline Watson, Giulio Genovese, July Rodriguez, Maya Gelbard, Luis Corrales-Rodriguez, Yoichiro Mitsuishi, Gavin Ha, Joshua Campbell, Geoffrey Oxnard, Oscar Arrieta, Andres Cardona, Alexander Gusev, Matthew Meyerson. Genetic ancestry and lung cancer somatic mutations in patients of Latin American descent: Etiology and treatment implications [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-07.
Abstract IA-09: Liver cancer and differences across Hispanic groups: Importance of disaggregation in understanding cancer disparities
Authors: Pinheiro Paulo S.
Published: January 2022

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has risen considerably in the US since 1980. The main causes include metabolic disorders (NAFLD, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome), alcohol-related disease (ALD) and hepatitis C and B virus infections (HCV, HBV). Etiology-specific HCC incidence rates by detailed race-ethnicity are needed to improve HCC control and prevention efforts. All HCC cases diagnosed in Florida during 2005-2018 were linked to statewide hospital discharge data to determine etiology. Age-specific and age-adjusted rates were used to assess the intersection between etiology and detailed racial-ethnicities, including non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic groups: Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican, South, Central American. Of 19,956 HCC cases including 3,660 Hispanics, 87% matched with discharge data. For 2012-2018, HCV was the leading cause of HCC White, Black and Hispanic men (45.4%, 54.7% and 41.0% respectively) followed by NAFLD-related metabolic disorders and ALD. The leading cause of HCC among White and Black women was also HCV (38.3% and 50.2%) while for Hispanic women NAFLD-HCC (46.7%) was the most common form. Puerto Rican men had the highest HCV-HCC rates, 10.2 per 100 000. Metabolic-HCC rates were highest among populations above age 70 and among all Hispanics except Cubans. Mexican men had high rates of ALD-HCC. HCC etiology is associated with specific race/ethnicity. While HCV-related HCC rates are projected to decrease soon, HCC will continue to affect Hispanics disproportionately, based on higher rates of metabolic-HCC and ALD-HCC. Multifaceted approaches for HCC control and prevention are needed.

Citation Format: Paulo S. Pinheiro. Liver cancer and differences across Hispanic groups: Importance of disaggregation in understanding cancer disparities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-09.
Abstract IA-11: Practical considerations in setting up a biobank
Authors: Hibshoosh Hanina
Published: January 2022

Biobanks are incredible natural treasures that in the age of personalized medicine and cost effective scaled multi-omic interrogation have become front and center in enabling the clinical and research enterprise. Despite this recognition, significant challenges exist in their operations. Traditional tissue banking Life cycle is summarized: Patient identification, consent, acquisition (generic/project specific), storage, processing, annotation, cohort identification for research and disbursal of tissues and related products and tracking/linkage to other resources containing data and material. Select topics in a banks practical operations will be briefly discussed including: 1. Not “normalizing” the description of these incredible treasures of nature, 2. Viewing them through the prism of their short and long term value, 3. Importance of scale and diversity, 4. Combined clinical and research utility, 5. Need to expand beyond operating room based collection to anywhere, anytime any analyte, 6. Distinguishing between and enabling population level collection and project and patient specific collection processes and its application to underrepresented populations, 7. Defining/identifying key skills required for its operating personnel, 8. Financial model beyond institutional and fee for service- need to nestle in an income generating facility and providing banking complimentary services, 9. Need for next generation platform to close gaps by reducing barriers to research, 10. Increase utilization and enable a collaboration platform, and 11. Procurement versus traditional banking function: supporting fresh tissue collection not for banking but PDX, organoids, single cell work, 12. Dedicated versus “Federated” system of operations. The above will enable successful implementation of biobanking operations and or their optimization.

Citation Format: Hanina Hibshoosh. Practical considerations in setting up a biobank [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-11.
Abstract IA-13: Using large, prospective cohort data to elucidate sexual orientation-related cancer disparities
Authors: Charlton Brittany
Published: January 2022

Nearly half of U.S. men and women will develop cancer in their lifetime, but certain groups, such as sexual minorities (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual [LGB] individuals), may be at greater risk. For almost 20 years, the Institute of Medicine has warned of a potential elevated cancer risk among sexual minorities because known risk factors—nulliparity, obesity, smoking, alcohol use—are more common than among heterosexuals. However, national cancer registries do not collect sexual orientation, so there is no way to quantify the magnitude of this burden. Without these data, sexual minorities may continue to be disproportionately burdened by cancers. Longitudinal cohort studies with substantial statistical power and high-quality assessments of sexual orientation and cancer endpoints are the best way to fill this gap. Such studies will provide the empirical evidence needed to develop public health interventions and offer data that are not feasible for cancer registries to collect, such as self-reported dietary intake. This grant's goal is to quantify cancer disparities with longitudinal cohort data and, using a life course framework, gain a nuanced understanding of factors across the lifespan, which may confer different risk in various sexual orientation groups. To address these gaps, we analyzed national data from four longitudinal cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) 2 and 3 and the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) 1 and 2. These cohorts include nearly 200,000 male and female participants, 8% (or nearly 15,000) of whom are sexual minorities, giving ample statistical power. The data span from the prenatal period through adulthood and include detailed sexual orientation measures and biospecimens as well as thousands of cancer cases, including hundreds in sexual minorities. With these data, we can provide more accurate estimates of cancer incidence across sexual orientation groups and a more nuanced understanding of mediating risk factors. The findings will highlight new avenues for health equity and interventions for all people, regardless of sexual orientation.

Citation Format: Brittany Charlton. Using large, prospective cohort data to elucidate sexual orientation-related cancer disparities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-13.
Abstract IA-20: The opportunities and challenges of integrating population histories into genetic studies for diverse populations
Authors: Chiang Charleston
Published: January 2022

Genetic factors, together with other environmental and/or social factors, contribute to the risk of diseases in any population. There is a well-recognized need to be more inclusive of diverse populations in genetic studies, but several obstacles continue to exist, including, but not limited to, the difficulty of recruiting individuals from diverse populations in large numbers and the lack of representation in available genomic references. These obstacles notwithstanding, studying diverse populations would provide informative and population-specific insights important for the healthcare management of a population. As an example of an understudied population, the Native Hawaiians have a unique genetic history that can be leveraged to enhance the design and interpretation of genetic studies. It has been shown that the predominant Polynesian genetic ancestry component in Native Hawaiians is associated with elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases. This finding is consistent with, though not a proof of, the hypothesis that there exist population-enriched genetic variants underlying the risk of these diseases. At the same time, currently available genomic resources underserve the Native Hawaiians due to a lack of representation, such that genetic variants strongly associated with diseases could not be systematically discovered. Therefore, by developing key genomic resources, integrating evolutionary thinking into genetic epidemiology, and partnering with the community, we will have the opportunity to efficiently advance our knowledge of the genetic risk factors, ameliorate health disparity, and improve healthcare in this underserved population.

Citation Format: Charleston Chiang. The opportunities and challenges of integrating population histories into genetic studies for diverse populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-20.
Abstract IA-24: Implicit bias in oncology: Towards a more inclusive workforce
Authors: Tsai Jessica W
Published: January 2022

Implicit bias includes those unconscious attitudes, biases, and stereotypes that shape our behaviors and interactions with others. While implicit biases are known to adversely affect the care of oncology patients, they are also deeply imbued in the culture of our workforce and permit a non-inclusive environment. The consequences of implicit bias are profound, including repeated microaggressions, detraction from academic work, the biased language of evaluation, the cumulative effects of such biases on promotions, and the lack of diversity in leadership positions. Dismantling such a system requires conscious effort rooted in organizational commitment. This session will begin to address these issues by applying a tangible approach to recruitment, highlighting the intentionality of overhauling a recruitment process. Such an approach can be replicated in other settings when grounded in a firm dedication to inclusion and an openness to self-education and self-reflection.

Citation Format: Jessica W Tsai. Implicit bias in oncology: Towards a more inclusive workforce [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-24.
Abstract IA-49: Facilitators and barriers to implementing low-dose CT screening for lung cancer in a tribal health system
Authors: Nagykáldi Zsolt J.
Published: January 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN), and many AI/AN communities have worse lung cancer incidence rates, survival, and death compared to the general population. Although lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography is a grade-B USPSTF recommendation, uptake of LCS has been slow in most healthcare systems. LCS implementation among AI/AN has not been studied before in detail. To address this knowledge and implementation gap, a multi-phase, 5-year “Tribally Engaged Approaches to Lung Screening" (TEALS) study was launched in 2019 in partnership with the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. The overarching goal of this project is to co-design and test an LCS implementation program. This presentation will discuss what is being learned about potential facilitators and barriers to implementing LCS in a tribal health care setting. Findings may be pertinent to other health systems serving tribal, rural or underserved populations.

Citation Format: Zsolt J. Nagykáldi. Facilitators and barriers to implementing low-dose CT screening for lung cancer in a tribal health system [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-49.
Abstract IA-51: If not now, then when? Tackling barriers to clinical trials to ensure inclusion of underrepresented minorities
Authors: Sheppard Vanessa B.
Published: January 2022

The low representation of underrepresented minorities in clinical trials is well known. Unfortunately, there appears to be modest progress in the inclusion of these groups in the nearly 30 years since the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993. Racial and ethnic diversity in clinical trials is imperative for ensuring that novel cancer therapies, behavioral interventions and other types of scientific advances reach and are relevant to all population segments. It will be impossible to eliminate disparities and achieve health equity without diversity and inclusion in clinical research. Many barriers exist to clinical trials and some may be exacerbated among racial/ethnic minorities. This presentation will discuss multilevel barriers to participation in clinical research, share engagement principles related to partnerships with African American/Black and Latino/Latinx populations, and provide lessons learned from institutional and investigator led-initiatives. Data sources include chart reviews, patient interviews and surveys. Selected clinical studies will be discussed along with qualitative and quantitative data. The overall goal is to identify actionable steps towards a collective path of improving minority participation in clinical trials. Strategies that optimize opportunities for system change may have greater impact than strategies that focus solely on patient and/or community attitudes or behaviors. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, public awareness about clinical trials may be at a record high. Thus, community conversations about science and the clarion call for social justice may be the energy needed for cancer scientists to collaborate and change the narrative regarding participation of underrepresented minorities in research.

Citation Format: Vanessa B. Sheppard. If not now, then when? Tackling barriers to clinical trials to ensure inclusion of underrepresented minorities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-51.
Abstract PO-001: The repository for Caribbean cancer publications (ReCCaP): Database development and publication trends 2004-2019
Authors: Badal Kimberly , Moore Moesha , Thomas Mikhail
Published: January 2022

Objective: In the Caribbean region, research has been limited, making it challenging to find. In order for the region to optimally access and utilize present research and identify gaps, we developed the Repository for Caribbean Cancer Publications (ReCCaP) to home publications on cancer in the Caribbean population and diaspora and report on publication trends. Methods: A systematic PubMed literature search for the period 2004-2019 (15 years) was developed using keywords related to “cancer” and “Caribbean.” Three independent investigators verified included publications. The final database was formatted and hosted in an online database management software. Publication trends over time, by country, cancer type, and income classification were investigated. Results: Of the 4935 publications found, 1194 papers met the inclusion criteria with 803 publications (67.25 %) being on the Caribbean population, 139 publications (11.64%) including multiple Caribbean countries and 252 publications (21.11%) on the diaspora. Between 2004-2019 there was an overall 0.20 increase in publications regionally. Overall, most publications were on breast (n = 168, 14.07%), prostate (n = 156, 13.07%), cervical (n = 152, 12.73%), colorectal (n = 80, 6.70%), and lung cancer (n = 36, 3.02%). The highest number of papers were published by Puerto Rico (22.80 pubs/year), Cuba (8.27 pubs/year), Jamaica (6.27 pubs/year), Trinidad and Tobago (3.53 pubs/year), and Martinique (2.27 pubs/year). The high-income countries (n=10) collectively lead in publications over the 15-year period. Conclusion: ReCCaP provides an easily searchable database highlighting published work and gaps in knowledge on cancer in the Caribbean and diaspora.

Citation Format: Kimberly Badal, Moesha Moore, Mikhail Thomas. The repository for Caribbean cancer publications (ReCCaP): Database development and publication trends 2004-2019 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-001.
Abstract PO-008: Predictive analysis of demographic factors to examine disparity in gynecologic cancer
Authors: Bahrani-Mostafavi Zahra , Koplas Patricia
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cancer continues to be a major cause of mortality worldwide and is the leading cause of death for women age 40-79. Gynecologic cancers (GYNC) account for 6.3% of all cancers, making it the 4th leading cause of cancer death among US women. Research has shown that cancers are linked to various demographic factors. Cancer incidence may differ among people of different race/ethnicity due to socioeconomic status; specifically, these variables can impact exposure to risk factors, access to health education, and early detection and treatment. Race/ethnicity is a known risk factor for GYNC. Due to the disparity in the US healthcare system, analysis of the association of various demographic variables with cancer diagnosis in women is imperative to better understand health outcomes for GYNC in this country. Methods: We used the female portion of the 2012 Florida State Inpatient Database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project as our sample. The outcome variable was presence or absence of a cancer diagnosis identified by ICD-9 codes for the following cancers: ovary (OC), uterine (UC), and cervical (CC). Logistic regression analyses examined the patient-level factors of race/ethnicity, age, insurance type, income level, and other comorbidities as potential independent predictors of cancer diagnosis. Results: Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the odds of CC is increased in women who are black (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.5), middle age (OR=5.9, 95% CI 5.1-6.9), and have Medicaid (OR=2.2, 95% CI 3.5-4.9). The similar pattern observed with the OC and UC analysis suggests the presence of cancer disparity among women of lower socioeconomic status. Conclusions: In this study we found that cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers were significantly associated with variables such as race and lack of reliable health insurance which can indicate disparity. One factor which could potentially contribute to any health disparity in this sample is the lack of ACA Medicaid expansion in Florida. Findings from this study highlight the importance of considering access to healthcare for women from various backgrounds to improve management of cancer and women's health at large.

Citation Format: Zahra Bahrani-Mostafavi, Patricia Koplas. Predictive analysis of demographic factors to examine disparity in gynecologic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-008.
Abstract PO-054: Evidence-based sexual health education program among at-risk youth baseline findings
Authors: Merceir Ra'Ann , Bhimla Aisha , Duro-Aina Adebola , Tan Yin , Liao Sabrina , Wang Min Qi , Jackson Renee , Ma Grace X.
Published: January 2022

Background: Of the estimated 26 million new diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) each year, youth aged 15 – 24yo constitute half of these. The most common STI, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), is the primary cause of cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. Racial and ethnic minority youth are at increased risk for STIs such as HPV. Lack of access to comprehensive sexual health education leave youth vulnerable to STI's which increase their risk of certain cancers. This study describes characteristics of participants regarding engagement in sexual behaviors and knowledge and attitudes towards STI protection. Methods: Proud-Teens of Philly (PTOP), an evidence-based program, was implemented in youth (n=212) aged 12-19 years in Philadelphia County recruited from a network of partner sites. Program implementation occurred over nine one-hour virtual sessions. The program aimed to reduce risky sexual behaviors by promoting healthy choices and increasing knowledge of sexual health. Participants completed a pre-survey administered online prior to starting the program. Results: Participants' average age was 14.2 years old, 49.2% of participants identified as Hispanic/Latino, and (21.2%) of participants were Non-Hispanic Black, followed by Non-Hispanic white (30.7%). At baseline, 12.8% of participants have been or are currently sexually active, and about half felt strongly about delaying sexual behavior (52.8%). Findings revealed gaps in communication about barrier protection with sexual partners. While 82.0% indicate they agree condoms are effective in preventing STI transmission, there was a low perceived susceptibility of contracting an STI. Conclusion: Findings suggest implementing Proud Teens of Philly may be beneficial in reducing STIs and HPV related cancers among at-risk youth by promoting healthy sexual behaviors.

Citation Format: Ra'Ann Merceir, Aisha Bhimla, Adebola Duro-Aina, Yin Tan, Sabrina Liao, Min Qi Wang, Renee Jackson, Grace X. Ma. Evidence-based sexual health education program among at-risk youth baseline findings [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-054.
Abstract PO-074: The impact of perceived racial discrimination and racial residential segregation on cancer screening among African American women: A multilevel, longitudinal analysis of 2-1-1 Texas callers
Authors: Ibekwe Lynn N. , Fernández-Esquer Maria Eugenia , Pruitt Sandi L. , Ranjit Nalini , Fernández Maria E.
Published: January 2022

Although racism is increasingly being studied as an important contributor to racial health disparities, its relation to cancer-related outcomes among African Americans remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to help clarify the relation between two indicators of racism—perceived racial discrimination and racial residential segregation—and cancer screening. We conducted a multilevel, longitudinal study among a medically underserved population of African Americans in Texas. We assessed discrimination using the Experiences of Discrimination Scale and segregation using the Location Quotient for Racial Residential Segregation. The outcome examined was “any cancer screening completion” (Pap test, mammography, and/or colorectal cancer screening) at follow-up (3–10 months post-baseline). We tested hypothesized relations using multilevel logistic regression. We also conducted interaction and stratified analyses to explore whether discrimination modified the relation between segregation and screening completion. We found a significant positive relation between discrimination and screening and a non-significant negative relation between segregation and screening. Preliminary evidence suggests that discrimination modifies the relation between segregation and screening in that segregation is positively related to screening when no discrimination is reported but negatively related to screening when discrimination is reported. Conclusion: Racism has a nuanced association with cancer screening among African Americans. Perceived racial discrimination and racial residential segregation should be considered jointly, rather than independently, to better understand their influence on cancer screening behavior.

Citation Format: Lynn N. Ibekwe, Maria Eugenia Fernández-Esquer, Sandi L. Pruitt, Nalini Ranjit, Maria E. Fernández. The impact of perceived racial discrimination and racial residential segregation on cancer screening among African American women: A multilevel, longitudinal analysis of 2-1-1 Texas callers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-074.