bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A constructed PDO history for the past three centuries derived from an ice core isotope record on the central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Tian Lide , Li Shijie , Cai Zhongyin , Wang Di , Shao Lili , Yang Xiaoyi , Wang Shangjie , Liu Feng , Liang Pengbin
Published: June 2024

Ice core oxygen isotope (δ18O) records from low-latitude regions preserve high-resolution climate records in the past, yet the interpretation of these ice core δ18O records is still facing difficulty due to the uncertainty of ice core dating. Here we present a new established δ18O time series from Qiangtang (QT) No. 1 ice core retrieved from the central Tibetan Plateau. Given the vagueness of the seasonal signals in the QT ice core, we investigated the spectral properties of δ18O record with respect to depth and discussed the implications of significant spectral power peaks in the QT ice core. We employed a variational mode decomposition (VMD) analysis for the upper part of the QT ice core to decompose the δ18O depth series in order to separate the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode, a signal strongly preserved in the QT ice core δ18O record. With this approach, we established a time series of 335 years (1677–2011 CE) for the upper 50 m of the QT ice core. Subsequently, we examined the frequency of the new established δ18O time series and detected strong signals of the bidecadal and multidecadal modes of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The PDO consists of two modes with periods of approximately 25–35 years and 50–70 years, and we found that the 50–70 years periodicity has persisted since 1700 CE, succeeded by dominance of the 25–75 years periodicity after 1900 CE. Additionally, we analyzed the δ18O series of the QT ice core during the past century and determined that the increasing frequency of El Niño events is an important factor contributing to the increase in ice core δ18O.
Investigation of risk factors for vaginal dehiscence and development of small bowel evisceration after robot-assisted radical cystectomy for female bladder cancer and an improved vaginal reconstruction technique to prevent its onset
Authors: Fukata Satoshi , Kawaguchi Ayano , Yoshimura Rie , Fukuhara Hideo , Karashima Takashi , Inoue Keiji
Published: June 2024

Introduction Transvaginal organ prolapse, such as small bowel evisceration, is a rare complication after radical cystectomy (RC) in female patients with invasive bladder cancer, However, it often requires emergency surgical repair. Here, we describe our experience with such a case and a review of similar previously reported cases, along with evaluation of the risk factors. We also propose a vaginal reconstruction technique to prevent this complication during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RARC).
Methods A total of 178 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) or RARC were enrolled, 34 of whom (19%) were female. One of the 34 female patients had transvaginal small bowel evisceration after RARC. We evaluated our case and six such previously reported cases, to determine vaginal reconstruction techniques during RARC to prevent this complication postoperatively.
Results Median age of these cases was 73 (51-80) years, and all patients were postmenopausal. The median time to small bowel evisceration was 14 (6-120) weeks postoperatively. In addition, we changed the methods of the vaginal reconstruction technique during RARC from the conventional side-to-side closure technique to the improved caudal-to-cephalad closure technique. Since implementing this change, we have not experienced any cases of vaginal vault dehiscence or organ prolapse.
ConclusionsTransvaginal small bowel evisceration after RC can easily become severe. Therefore, all possible preventive measures should be taken during RARC. We believe that our vaginal reconstruction techniques might reduce the risk of developing this complication.
Comparative Effectiveness of Minimally Invasive Surgery vs Open Surgery in neuroblastoma
Authors: Qin Lan , Zhao Zhenzhen , Kong XiangRu , Li Yonggang , Yang Chao , Deng Xiaobing , Peng Liang , Lv LinYa , Li ChangChun , Wang Shan , Zhang Jun
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To explore the feasibility of minimally invasive surgery（MIS）used in the treatment of neuroblastoma. Methods: Selected NB patients were randomly assigned to the MIS group and the open surgery（OS） group. The operative details, major complications, and prognosis of the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 35 children undergoing MIS and 35 children undergoing open surgery were enrolled in this study. According to the INRGSS staging system, 30 patients were classified as stage L1, 32 as stage L2, and 8 as stage M. No statistical difference was found in the age of the children and the maximum diameter of the primary site tumor between the two groups. The bleeding volume in the OS group was significantly higher than that in the MIS group (P=0.006), The time to start postoperative feeding in the MIS group was significantly shorter than that in the OS group (P<0.001). No significant difference was found in the number of GTR between the MIS group and the OS group (P=0.246). The one-year survival rate and overall survival rate of the MIS group were 100% and 93.85%, while the OS group was 100% and 93.72%, respectively. Conclusion: MIS has more advantages than OS for suitable neuroblastoma, while the prognosis is almost the same. After gradually improving the indications for MIS, it should become the preferred surgical method for children within this range.
Poor sleep quality is linked to increased frailty in middle-aged people living with HIV in Botswana
Authors: Zheng Xi , Cai Ruixue , Gao Chenlu , Ponatshego Ponego , Gao Lei , Montano Monty A. , Hu Kun , Mosepele Mosepele , Li Peng
Published: June 2024

This work aims to evaluate associations between self-reported sleep health and frailty in Botswana, a sub-Saharan Africa setting. Fifty persons living with HIV (PLWH) on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and fifty HIV seronegative control participants are enrolled in Botswana. Sleep quality is scored subjectively as “good” or “poor” based on self-report. A frailty index (FI) is constructed based on thirty-three health deficits related to body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, emotional status, and fatigue, and scored ranging between 0 (no deficit present) and 1 (all deficits present). Sleep quality between PLWH and controls is compared using logistic regression; linear regression is performed to compare the FI between them. Linear regressions are performed to examine the association between the FI and sleep quality stratified by HIV serostatus. Age, sex, and comorbidities are adjusted; when relevant, CD4 cell and ART duration are controlled. PLWH display 2.88 (95% CI: 1.22–6.79, p = 0.02) higher odds of having poor sleep than controls. Having poor sleep is associated with increased FI in PLWH but not in controls. Specifically, compared with PLWH who have good sleep, PLWH who report poor sleep have a > 1 standard deviation (p < 0.0001) increase in their FI score.
Prevalence of and challenges in diagnosing subclinical Plasmodium falciparum infections in Southern Ghana
Authors: Mutala Abdul-Hakim , Afriyie Stephen Opoku , Addison Thomas Kwame , Antwi Kwasi Baako , Troth Emma V. , Vera-Arias Claudia A. , Badu-Tawiah Abraham , Addo Mathew Glover , Koepfli Cristian , Badu Kingsley
Published: June 2024

Background
Many national malaria elimination programmes (NMEP) are intensifying campaigns for malaria control and elimination. However, these efforts are constrained by the high prevalence of subclinical infections which may sustain local disease transmission. The detection and treatment of these subclinical and low-density infection is therefore crucial in monitoring progress towards malaria control and elimination. This study sought to determine the prevalence of subclinical infections in three districts in Ghana, the proportion that could be detected by rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and the occurrence of hrp2/hrp3 deletions which may impede diagnosis by HRP2-based RDTs.
Methods
A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Nkwanta South, Sekyere South, and Ga South districts in Ghana. A total of 1134 whole blood samples were screened by HRP2-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT), expert microscopy, and varATS qPCR. 304 P. falciparum positive samples were typed for hrp2/hrp3 deletions by digital PCR (dPCR).
Results
Parasite prevalence was 57.1% by qPCR, 40.9% by RDT, and 8.4% by microscopy. 33.8% (219/647) of infections were sub-patent. Compared to qPCR, the sensitivity of RDT was 65.7%, and the specificity of 91.9% and thus substantially higher than microscopy (sensitivity 14.4%, specificity 99.4%). Parasite prevalence was highest in children aged 5–15 years (68.2%), followed by adults > 15 years (51.2%) and children < 5 years (45.3%). Prevalence also differed across the three districts, ranging from 44.0% (183/416) in Sekyere South, 55.8% (143/253) in Ga South, to 68.8% (321/466) in Nkwanta South. No hrp2 deletions were observed, and one sample (1/304) carried hrp3 deletion.
Conclusion
The high prevalence of subclinical malaria infections is likely to be a potential reservoir in sustaining malaria transmission. HRP2-based RDTs detected two-thirds of the subclinical infections. Thus, community test and treatment programs using highly sensitive RDTs could be a valuable strategy to reduce the reservoir.
Durability analysis of metakaolin recycled concrete under sulphate dry and wet cycle
Authors: Zhong Chuheng , Wang Dongping , Zhang Lijuan , Mao Weiqi , Xing Sijia , Chen Jinhui
Published: June 2024

To improve the durability, performance, cost-effectiveness and sustainability of recycled fine aggregate concrete (RFAC) under the combined effects of wet and dry cycle and sulfate erosion. Dry and wet cycling tests in 5% sulfate erosion environment were carried out after incorporating content of metakaolin and 15% fly ash mixture (M)) in RFAC. Study of 0%, 30%, 60% and 90% recycled fine aggregate replacement of natural fine aggregate on RFAC mass loss, cubic compressive strength, relative dynamic modulus test, damage modeling and prediction of damage life of concrete. The results revealed that in the early cycles, the specimens exhibited significant improvements in compressive strength, mass, and dynamic modulus. However, in the later cycles, the performance of the specimens deteriorated. Optimal performance was achieved with a 15% MK content and a 60% replacement rate of recycled fine aggregate. The application of the Weibull function modeling estimated the longest service life of M15RAC60 under 5% sulfate dry-wet cycles to be approximately 578 cycles.
Prevalence and Distribution of the Trematode-Transmitting Snail Bithynia siamensis in Southern Thailand
Authors: Krailas Duangduen , Wongpim Thanaporn , Komsuwan Jirayus , Veeravechsukij Nuanpan , Janmanee Chanyanuch , Thongchot Piyawan , Dechruksa Wivitchuta , Suwanrat Saranphat , Tharapoom Kampanat , Glaubrecht Matthias
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of larval trematode infections in bithyniid snails across five provinces in southern Thailand. A total of 1,413 Bithynia siamensis snails were collected between October 2021 and October 2022 using handpicking and scooping methods. Among these, 844 were identified as B. s. siamensis and 569 as B. s. goniomphalos. The snail samples were examined for parasitic infections in the laboratory using shedding and crushing methods. Among the 27 sampling sites, snails from 6 sites were infected with various trematode species (infection rate: 4.95%, 70/1,413). Evaluation of the morphological and internal organ characteristics of the cercariae allowed for the categorization of the trematodes into five species of cercariae (belonging to four families). The identified species included Echinochasmus pelecani (family: Echinostomatidae), Echinostoma revolutum (family: Echinostomatidae), Haematoloechus similis (family: Haematoloechidae), Loxogenoides bicolor (family Lecithodendriidae), and Stictodora tridactyla (family: Heterophyidae), and the infection rates for these species were 3.26% (46/1,413), 0.35% (5/1,413), 0.42% (6/1,413), 0.78% (11/1,413), and 0.14% (2/1,413), respectively.
Distribution of tempereture gradient around of corrugated gold tip optical antenna
Authors: zohrabi mehdi , gazizov almaz , salakhov myakzym
Published: June 2024

This work is dedicated to the improvement of the near-field enhancement of temperature gradient beneath the tip apex due to delocalized plasmons excitation on a sub-wavelength grating engraved on the tip and nano focusing of these plasmons. we have compared the distribution of temperature gradient of two plasmonics gold tips optical antenna, bare tip and corrugated tip.By applying circular grating to the conical plasmonic optical antenna made of gold, the temperature gradient of around tip will be enhanced .
Cultural adventure games: exploring natural science through local wisdom
Authors: Sirjon Sirjon , Reba Yansen Alberth , Muttaqin M Zaenul , Prasetya Yovian Yustiko
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop a natural science learning game oriented toward local Papuan culture for grade IV elementary school students that is feasible and effective. This research uses a qualitative approach with research and development (R&D) research methods with the Lee and Owen development model. The results of the formative evaluation showed an average feasibility test of 3.94 for material experts, learning design experts, and media experts, with good conclusions; one-to-one evaluations,with students obtaining an average of 3.05 with good conclusions;small group evaluations, with an average of 3.43 with very good conclusions; and field trial evaluations, withan average score of 3.61 with a very good conclusion. Therefore, it was concluded that the science learning game oriented toward local Papuan culture for Grade IV elementary school students was very good. The effectiveness of science learning game development oriented toward local Papuan culture was tested through t tests. The results show a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05, so there is a significant difference between science learning outcomes in the pretest and posttest data, so it can be concluded that science learning games oriented toward local Papuan culture are effective in improving the learning outcomes of Grade IV elementary school students.
A Non-Affinity Platform for Processing Knob-into-Hole Bispecific Antibody
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Zhao Puya , Li Min , Li Mengting , Hong Huoyan , Gao Kai
Published: June 2024

Bispecific antibodies hold great potential in next-generation biotherapeutics simultaneously bind to two targets. However, the perspective of bispecific has biotherapeutics has been hindered the byproducts at high levels, including high molecular weight (HMW), low molecular weight (LMW) variants at very high levels. In addition, the inevitable expression of homodimers in the host cells further contributes to the obstacles in the commercial development of bispecific antibodies as therapeutics. These above-mentioned byproducts, which closely resemble the target in physicochemical properties, pose several challenges for downstream processes in terms of purification. Here, we have introduced the Knob-into-hole design to avoid mispairing, where mixed-mode resin Capto Adhere was used to capture the target protein at pH 7.8 ± 0.1, with a subsequent AEX as a polishing step. Overall, the results of the two-step chromatography purification method show that the final product purity improved to 98% for SEC-HPLC and 98% for RP-HPLC, with residual HCP controlled at 10 ppm and an excellent recovery rate of 75%. This study offers a non-Protein A capture platform, which offers a simplified, streamlined, and competitive alternative to conventional affinity chromatography.
Adversarial Robustness Improvement for X-ray Bone Segmentation using Synthetic Data created from Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Fok Wai Yan Ryana , Fieselmann Andreas , Huemmer Christian , Biniazan Ramyar , Beister Marcel , Geiger Bernhard , Kappler Steffen , Saalfeld Sylvia
Published: June 2024

Deep learning-based image analysis offers great potential in clinical practice. However, it faces mainly two challenges: scarcity of large-scale annotated clinical data for training and susceptibility to adversarial data in inference. As an example, an artificial intelligence (AI) system could check patient positioning, by segmenting and evaluating relative positions of anatomical structures in medical images. Nevertheless, data to train such AI system might be highly imbalanced with mostly well positioned images being available. Thus, we propose the use of synthetic X-ray images and annotation masks forward projected from 3D photon-counting CT volumes to create realistic non-optimally positioned X-ray images for training. An open-source model (TotalSegmentator) was used to annotate the clavicles in 3D CT volumes. We evaluated model robustness with respect to the internal (simulated) patient rotation α on real-data-trained models and real&synthetic-data-trained models. Our results showed that real&synthetic-data-trained models have Dice score percentage improvements of 3% to 15% across different α groups compared to the real-data-trained model. Therefore, we demonstrated that synthetic data could be supplementary used to train and enrich heavily underrepresented conditions to increase model robustness.
Energy metabolism rewiring following acute UVB irradiation is largely dependent on nuclear DNA damage
Authors: Michon* Pauline , Dousset* Léa , Mahfouf Walid , Fatrouni Hala , Faucheux Corinne , Muzotte Elodie , Rossignol Rodrigue , Moisan François , Cario Muriel , Claverol Stéphane , Favot-Laforge Laure , Nieminen Anni I. , Vainio Seppo , Ali Nsrein , Rezvani Hamid-Reza
Published: June 2024

Solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced DNA damage is a well-known initiator of skin carcinomas. The UVB-induced DNA damage response (DDR) involves series of signaling cascades that are activated to maintain cell integrity. Among the different biological processes, little is known about the role of energy metabolism in the DDR.
We sought to determine whether UVB-induced nuclear and/or mitochondrial cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) alter cellular energy metabolism. To gain insight into this question, we took advantage of keratinocytes expressing nuclear or mitochondrial CPD photolyase. Applying a quantitative proteomic approach and targeted metabolomics, we observed biphasic alterations in multiple metabolic pathways and in the abundance of various metabolites, largely influenced by the presence of genomic CPDs. The heightened oxygen consumption rate post-irradiation, along with mitochondrial structural rearrangements, was found to be dependent on both mitochondrial and nuclear CPDs.
Understanding the influence of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage on keratinocyte responses to UVB irradiation deepens current knowledge regarding skin cancer prevention, initiation, and therapy.

*Pauline Michon and Léa Dousset contributed equally.
Damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera) in selected areas at Jasaan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines
Authors: Villaraza Angel Fritz , Madlos Ecclessiah Emmanuel , Dacar Maria Rhotsyn , Butron Julie Ann
Published: June 2024

A study was conducted in freshwater ecosystems in Jasaan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera) as a biological indicator. Opportunistic sampling was conducted using sweep nets over a span of 15 days. A total of 224 damselfly individuals representing 3 families of the identified 7 species across three sites namely-Solana, San Isidro and San Nicolas were collected and identified. In terms of species richness, Solana yields higher presence of damselfly species and individual abundance, which is followed by San Nicolas and San Isidro. Moreover, San Isidro has the highest diversity index followed by San Nicolas , and Solana with the lowest diversity. In which the species Rhinocypha colorata is the most dominant and abundant species across the sampling areas. Of the three sites, San Nicolas had the highest evenness index indicating a more balanced distribution of individuals compared to the two sites. The study also identified environmental parameter variables among the surveyed locations, highlighting the intricate relationship between altitude and relative humidity influencing damselfly population and species diversity. Overall, the study underscores the urgent need for adaptive conservation strategies in Jasaan, Misamis Oriental, ensuring the long term preservation of biodiversity in these crucial habitat preferences, with San Isidro providing the most favorable conditions for damselfly biodiversity conservation.
New records of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) and Rickettsia species in El Salvador
Authors: Romero Luis E. , Alvarenga Francis , Binder Lina C. , Serpa Maria Carolina A. , Muñoz-Leal Sebastián , Labruna Marcelo B.
Published: June 2024

The tick fauna of El Salvador is currently represented by 10 species of hard ticks (family Ixodidae) and two species of soft ticks (family Argasidae). This study aimed to report new and additional records of ticks and rickettsiae in El Salvador. During 2019–2021, a total of 216 specimens of ticks were collected from eight host species (domestic and wild animals) and in the environment among 15 geographic localities of El Salvador. Combining morphological and molecular analyses, tick specimens were identified into the following 11 tick species: Amblyomma dissimile, Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma mixtum, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma cf. parvum, Amblyomma sabanerae, Amblyomma scutatum, Dermacentor panamensis, Ixodes boliviensis, Ornithodoros puertoricensis, and Otobius megnini. In addition, one free-living nymph was morphologically and molecularly identified as Ixodes sp., although closely related to Ixodes brunneus and Ixodes silvanus. Three rickettsial agents of the spotted fever group were identified: Rickettsia rhipicephali in D. panamensis; a Rickettsia endosymbiont in Ixodes boliviensis; and Rickettsia amblyommatis in A. cf. parvum. This study reports the first records of A. longirostre, D. panamensis, I. boliviensis, O. puertoricensis and O. megnini in El Salvador. In addition, the agents R. rhipicephali and Rickettsia sp. endosymbiont of I. boliviensis are also reported for the first time in the country. With the present study, the current tick fauna of El Salvador increases to 17 species, being 13 Ixodidae and four Argasidae, including the addition of one genus to each of these two families (Ixodes and Otobius, respectively).
RETRACTED: Analysis and Comparison of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle’s Propellers for High Altitude Search and Rescue Missions
Authors: Bhujel Sajan , Basnet Prahar , Khadka Tirtha Bahadur , Bhandari Tulsi Ram , Verma Vikash , Dahal Chiranjivi
Published: June 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Investigating The Potential of Recycled Steel Fibers in Concrete
Authors: Hasan Kazi Shahariar , Ra Kazi Md. Mostafizur , Biswas Ayon , Karmoker Uday , Chowdhury Sharmin Reza
Published: June 2024

Concrete is a fundamental material in civil engineering, ubiquitous in construction projects due to its low cost and versatility. However, its inherent brittleness makes it susceptible to abrupt failure under tension, despite its high compressive strength. To address this limitation, various reinforcement techniques have been developed, including Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC). FRC integrates randomly dispersed fibers into the concrete matrix to control hairline cracks and enhance mechanical properties. Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is a notable method wherein short steel fibers are added to the mix. These fibers, with lengths ranging from 15 mm to 70 mm and aspect ratios (AR) from 20 to 100, improve impact resistance, flexural strength, and other desirable properties. This study investigates the use of recycled steel fibers in concrete, aiming to develop an eco-friendly and high-performance construction material. Recycled fibers, sourced from scrap yards, smelters, and other facilities, were analyzed for their mechanical behavior in comparison to conventional concrete. Laboratory tests revealed that an optimal dosage of 1–1.5% of recycled steel fibers with an aspect ratio around 75 improves concrete strength. After casting and testing concrete cylinders and beams, it was observed that strength initially increased up to 1.5% fiber dosage but then plateaued or decreased. This reduction in strength beyond 1.5% may be attributed to decreased concrete cohesiveness and disturbance introduced by the recycled steel fibers. Thus, careful consideration of fiber dosage is crucial for optimizing concrete performance.
Optimizing Data Exploration: Unifying Clustering and Association Rule Extraction
Authors: Fakir youssef
Published: June 2024

The extraction of association rules remains a crucial strategy in data analysis, particularly in the context of massive datasets. This method unveils complex relationships, correlations, and meaningful patterns within vast datasets, providing essential insights for decision-making and understanding behaviors. Our approach stands out through the use of clustering algorithms for intelligent data partitioning. This strategic choice establishes a robust foundation for efficient association rule extraction. By organizing data specifically through clustering techniques before applying the extraction algorithm, we aim to optimize the relevance and significance of the discovered rules.
Structure preferred spinel ferrite on polypyrrole derived N-doped carbon nanofibers as bifunctional electrocatalyst for Zn-air battery
Authors: Shi Yang , Xu Xinxin , Chen Jin
Published: June 2024

The exploration of noble metal free bifunctional oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is very important for Zn-air batteries (ZABs). Spinel ferrites are famous bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts. Herein, to further improve their ORR and OER activities, we anchor CoFe2O4 on N-doped carbon nanofibers (NCNF) derived from polypyrrole (PPy) and obtain CoFe2O4 loaded NCNF (CoFe2O4@NCNF). In its structure, CoFe2O4 particles with small size distribute evenly on NCNF. The combination of CoFe2O4 and NCNF generates excellent ORR activity with typical four-electron character in both alkaline and neutral electrolyte. In OER, the activity of CoFe2O4@NCNF is also excellent. To explore the superior ORR and OER activities of CoFe2O4@NCNF over other spinel ferrites, theoretical calculation was employed. A rechargeable ZAB is constructed with CoFe2O4@NCNF as cathode material. The specific capacity and energy density of this ZAB reach 807.4 mA·h·g− 1 and 963.6 Wh·kg− 1 at 10 mA·cm− 2, respectively. ZAB can keep stable after continuous charge/discharge test for 120 h. This work not only provides an efficient and low cost cathode material for ZABs, but also clarifies the structure-activity relationship in ORR/OER for spinel ferrites.
Quantifying Soil Erosion Dynamics in Subansiri river, Assam, India using RUSLE Model
Authors: Dutta Borneeta , Srivast Pankaj Kumar , Boruah Annapurna
Published: June 2024

Soil erosion has grown to be a significant problem as a result of land deterioration, increased agricultural production, and other human influences. Every year, Subansiri river in Assam, India which is amongst the largest tributaries of the massive river Brahmaputra continues to see extensive erosion. The present research adopted the empirical approach Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to determine soil losses along the Subansiri river of Assam, India. The RUSLE approach is formulated upon the assessment of soil loss per unit area and considers a number of different factors, including rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), topography factor (LS), cover and management factor (C), and conservation practices factor (P). In a GIS setting, the RUSLE factors were determined. It is seen that the RUSLE model yields soil erosion rate to be between 0 and 591.05 t ha-1yr-1. Approx. 20 million t yr-1 of soil are lost annually from the research region. Seven categories were used to categorise the different levels of soil erosion from very severe (0.02%), severe (35.14%), very high (25.16%), high (23.12%), moderate (5.02%), low (4.82%) and very low (6.73%). The final result demonstrates that majority of soil erosion takes place in the north and north western regions, which are also areas of high slope angles, and along the Subansiri river and its channels. Therefore, controlling soil erosion in the study region would improve water quality, decrease flood risk and support sustainable agriculture.
Water structure and local potential distribution at Pt surface in alkaline cation mediated hydrogen evolution regulable by electric field
Authors: Tao Junguang , Ding Pengbo , Xing Dan , Chang Pu , Guan Lixiu , Zhang Shuo , Li Zhuoao , Zhang Yunfei , Jia Minghao
Published: June 2024

The impact of alkaline media on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rate and selectivity is crucial for advancement of water electrolysis technology. Herein, we revealed the mechanism through which alkali metal cations (AM+) influence HER performance of Pt electrodes. We quantified the interfacial potential drops, which are regulatable by E-field and found that the local surface concentration of AM+ is 5.0 ~ 8.6 times higher than in the bulk solution. Decreasing AM+ concentration through reverse E-field disrupts adsorbate-surface interactions and boosts HER activity without affecting hydrogen binding energetics and kinetics. Complexes of OHδ−-(H2O)x-AM+ are formed near the interface, impacting intermediate product detachment. The presence of AM+ also plays a role in restructuring interfacial water and improving proton transfer efficiency. For Li+, the reorientation of O-H bonds towards Pt surface facilitates the HER process. These findings shed light on potential avenues for enhancing the efficiency of HER processes.
Migration of Population with Spatially Heterogeneous Stationary Population Size
Authors: Ainbinder Roman , Rassadin Alexander
Published: June 2024

The article proposes a mathematical model to describe the migration process of a certain population. This model is reduced to the Cauchy problem for some quasi-linear partial differential equation. The peculiarity of this model is that the dependence of its coefficient on the spatial coordinates is interpreted as a spatial heterogeneity of the stationary population size due to various natural or man-made factors. The article provides an exact solution to this Cauchy problem for an arbitrary stationary population size. In addition, this solution has been concretized for two qualitively different types of dependence of the stationary population size on the spatial coordinate, namely, for both step-like and hill-like stationary population sizes. It turned out that these concrete solutions are expressed through higher transcendental functions. Nevertheless, by selecting special relations between the parameters of the problem, in this case it was possible to circumvent the use of higher transcendental functions and obtain exact solutions to the model explicitly in terms of elementary functions. With the help of the obtained exact solutions of the proposed model, an extensive program of computational experiments has been implemented.
Evaluating the knowledge of a segment of Syrian society about breast cancer and the risk factors that predispose to it
Authors: Almedani Mhd Saleh , Husri Mhd Subhi , Almardine Heba
Published: June 2024

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and the second most important cause of cancer-related deaths among them. This research aims to evaluate the knowledge of a population of Syrian society about breast cancer and its predisposing factors Information obtained from different segments of society (other than the medical community) helps in designing better targeted and more successful awareness campaigns.The participants answering the questionnaire were 280 participants, including 47.9% males and 52.1% females. The majority of them were under 30 years old (75.4%), 80.7% were university educated, and 65% were non-smokers. The chi-square test on correlation between male and female participants and other demographic information was studied,To evaluate participants' knowledge about breast cancer and their different sources of information, the percentage was calculated and the chi-square correlation was studied with male and female participants. The percentage of participants who heard about breast cancer from various sources (p-value = 0.076), mainly from the Internet, reached 58.6%. To confirm the validity of participants' information about breast cancer, their knowledge about risk factors that increase the risk of breast cancer was assessed; “Having breast cancer within one family, taking hormonal medications, having children at an early age, early menopause, having children at a late age”; While the factors that reduce the risk of infection are “regular exercise and sports, eating vegetables, breastfeeding.” The factors that increase the risk of breast cancer are “life pressures, a stressful lifestyle, eating fatty foods, smoking,” while having children at an early age reduces the risk of breast cancer.Males’ knowledge about breast cancer is no less significant than females’ knowledge, so we must constantly strive to intensify awareness campaigns by the World Health Organization and educate the entire community about the importance of early detection of breast cancer and increasing the chances of survival.
Diagnostic difficulties in SSPE with IgG Measles Antibody and Unpredictable Psychiatric Presentations – A Case Report
Authors: Kumar Amit
Published: June 2024

SSPE is a rarely encountered neuropsychiatric disorder. Diagnosis rests on laboratory findings and clinical presentations. Sometimes, SSPE may mimic common psychiatric illnesses and pose diagnostic difficulties. I am reporting a case where initial presentations of the patient prompted us to work up on the line of SSPE but later turned out to be bipolar depression.
COUNT ALBEMARLE – INITIATOR OF SANCTIONS AGAINST RUSSIA DURING THE CRIMEAN WAR
Authors: Склярова Е.К.
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматриваются особенности жизни и деятельности графа Албемарла – инициатора введения санкций против России в период Крымской войны. Актуальность исследования его деятельности обусловлена необходимостью её изучения в контексте деятельности британского парламента, эволюции санкций, Крымской войны и внешней политики Великобритании. Различные аспекты международных отношений и Крымской войны являются объектом исследований в университетах России и Британии. Однако в российской историографии нет комплексных исследований, посвящённых деятельности этого влиятельного политика, а также проблеме санкций. Делается вывод, что, будучи прагматиком, граф поддержал мнение Торгового совета Великобритании, что морская блокада портов России и Чёрного моря была неэффективна в годы Крымской войны. Учитывая совершенствование транспортной системы, хранения и транспортировки продуктов питания, он считал фарсом невыгодную для предпринимателей Великобритании морскую блокаду, которая провоцировали Пруссию на вступление в Крымскую войну. Для Великобритании было бессмыслицей терять свои доходы и торговлю, а Россия могла бы обойтись без экспорта Англии. Граф считал, что трудности с поставками русского сала, конопли или льна, которые стали объектом санкций, не могли конкурировать с кровью его соотечественников, пролитой в период Крымской войны.

The article examines the features of the life and work of Count Albemarle, the initiator of the imposition of sanctions against Russia during the Crimean War. The relevance of the study of his activities is due to the need to study it in the context of the activities of the British Parliament, the evolution of sanctions, the Crimean War and British foreign policy. Various aspects of international relations and the Crimean War are the subject of research at universities in Russia and Britain. However, there are no comprehensive studies in Russian historiography devoted to the activities of this influential politician, as well as the problem of sanctions. It is concluded that, being a pragmatist, the count supported the opinion of the British Trade Council that the naval blockade of the ports of Russia and the Black Sea was ineffective during the Crimean War. Given the improvement of the transport system, storage and transportation of food, he considered the naval blockade, unprofitable for British entrepreneurs, to be a farce, which provoked Prussia to join the Crimean War. It was nonsense for Great Britain to lose its income and trade, and Russia could have done without England's exports. The count believed that the difficulties with the supply of Russian lard, hemp or flax, which became the object of sanctions, could not compete with the blood of his compatriots shed during the Crimean War.
NOTE FROM THE EDITORS
Authors: Гаврилов С.Н.
Published: June 2024

Восьмой выпуск альманаха «Британские исследования», который наш дорогой читатель держит в руках, является продолжением устоявшейся в научных кругах серии. По уже сложившейся печальной традиции каждый очередной сборник выходит в свет в довольно сложный для исторической науки период. И этот выпуск – не исключение.

The eighth issue of the almanac "British Studies", which our dear reader holds in his hands, is a continuation of a series that has become established in scientific circles. According to the already established sad tradition, each new collection is published in a rather difficult period for historical science. And this issue is no exception.
THE IMPACT OF THE SEA WATER FREEZING PHENOMENON ON MILITARY OPERATIONS ON THE ROMANIA’S BLACK SEA’S SHORE
Authors:   Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy, D ATODIRESEI
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of studying the ice regime at the Black Sea, as there are not many studies made on the Black Sea’s water freezing phenomena. Based on the few studies made in this domain, which include meteorological data analysis, satellite images of the main parameters which determine the optimal conditions for sea ice formation, periodic measurements and observations of the ice evolution along the past decades, we have analyzed their results and drawn some conclusions regarded to the negative influence of these rare but very important phenomena on the main military activities executed on the Romania’s Black Sea’s shore by different naval, air and special units forces.
The Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Decision-making: Evidence from Non-financial Institutions in the Australian Securities Exchange
Authors: Leviticus Mensah  , Richard Arhinful  , Murad Abdurahman Bein
Published: June 2024

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of corporate governance on the financial choices of non-financial companies operating in the Australian Securities Exchange. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select a total of 113 firms representing 14 sectors listed in the Australian Securities Exchange during the period from 2008 to 2021. The findings of the study revealed a positive and significant relationship between the size of the board, gender diversity among board members, board member affiliation and board compensation with the financial decisions of the corporations. Additionally, the study identified that the presence of experienced and non-executive board members had a negative and significant impact on internally generated funding. Furthermore, it was observed that board gender diversity, board size, board member affiliation and board compensation displayed a positive and significant association with debt financing, internally generated financing and equity financing. Most organisations displayed a preference for internal and debt financing over equity funding. Aligning governance with financial decisions enhances firms’ cost of capital. Governance quality affects capital market access, debt and equity costs. Effective governance leads to favourable financing terms.
Internationalisation Strategy and Management Accounting and Control Systems: A Network Approach
Authors: Ana Filipa M. Roque  , Maria-Céu G. Alves  , Mário Lino Raposo
Published: June 2024

Internationalisation has become crucial to economic development, especially for companies that are more technological and scientific. These companies arouse curiosity, as they quickly begin their internationalisation process (IP), adopting the Born Global model shortly after its creation. It has also been noted that, when they seek to benefit from mutual flexibility, the opportunity to use technical and economic knowledge, and even the collective assumption of costs and risks, it is common for them to resort to the internationalisation model based on Network Theory. Considering that internationalisation is part of the company’s growth strategy, and that this may require an adjustment of the information structure, namely the Management Accounting and Control System (MACS), it becomes relevant to understand how IP affects MACS. In this way, our study aims to respond to how MACS adjusts to Born Global internationalisation model (BGIM) and Network Model of Internationalisation (NMI) for a successful internationalisation strategy? In this study, we evaluate how MACS is adjusted in order to become a tool capable of collecting and processing the set of useful information necessary for the implementation of the internationalisation strategy. We conducted a single case study in a Portuguese health-sector company. Our results show that MACS needs to be adjusted to facilitate the implementation of IP.
High-pressure phase transition in clinochlore: IIa polytype stabilization
Authors: Soldavini Benedetta Chrappan , Comboni Davide , Hanfland Michael , Merlini Marco
Published: June 2024

Structural variations of natural clinochlore with pressure have been studied by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) in a diamond-anvil cell in the pressure range 0–20 GPa at room temperature. High-resolution XRD data allowed for the identification of a polytypic phase transition at about 9 GPa. Around 4.32(5) GPa, the unit-cell parameters exhibited a significant deviation from linear behavior, particularly the c and β values, abruptly interrupted when the phase transition occurs. XRD patterns showed a drastic reduction of diffuse scattering due to the stabilization of the high-pressure structure, suggesting that the atomic reorganization of the layers led to a disorder reduction. The phase transition showed complete reversibility during the experiment. Ab initio structural refinements identified the transition as polytypic, from the initial IIb-4 triclinic polytype (space group C1) to the IIa-1 monoclinic structure (space group C2/m), with unit-cell parameters a = 5.2058(6) Å, b = 9.0208(4) Å, c = 13.560(7) Å, β = 97.34(3)°. The latter was theoretically derived in the 1960s as the least stable chlorite polytype but has never been observed in natural chlorites. The phase transition also has a significative effect on the bulk modulus, with a reduction from K0 = 81.2(13)t to K0 = 56.0(6) GPa for the high-pressure structure. An isothermal run at 600 K from ambient pressure to 14 GPa showed the same phase transition at 7.8(5) GPa. Its occurrence at lower pressures suggests a negative P/T slope for the transition. Therefore, at high-temperature and high-pressure conditions compatible with impact phenomena, the polytypic phase transition could prevent chlorite from early destabilization and dehydration.
Electricity demand and supply in South Africa: is nuclear energy a feasible alternative to coal for baseload energy supply in South Africa?
Authors:   , Maqanda Vuyani
Published: June 2024

Climate change mitigation has created pressure on the energy mix choices of all countries. Highly polluting energy sources are increasingly unpopular. Renewable energy options have emerged as preferred choices for the low-emissions transition. Proponents of nuclear power have promoted the technology as a low-emissions technology by focusing on the operational phase and ignoring the other polluting phases. South Africa generated about 83% of its electricity supply from coal in 2019 and was rated as the 12th most polluting country in the world. In addition to the high pollution levels, the ageing coal fleet suffered from poor maintenance that resulted in frequent power blackouts. One of the government’s energy plans from 2010 proposed the addition of 9 600 MW of nuclear capacity by 2030. However, this plan was not implemented. This study investigates why nuclear power historically never expanded beyond a single power facility in South Africa as well as the possible future role of nuclear power in alleviating South Africa’s current electricity supply constraints and emissions commitments in the period up to 2050. Qualitative analysis is used for this study with a focus on historical document analysis and interviews with energy experts. Two research methods, case studies, and expert opinions were used in this study with data sourced from policy documents, Statistics South Africa, the World Bank, and published articles from various platforms. The Hotelling model, focusing on the impact of price differentials on energy transitions, was used as a theoretical framework. The conclusion from applying the model was that nuclear power was more expensive than the other options even when internalisation of pollution externalities was considered and therefore nuclear power could not displace the cheaper alternatives like coal based on price factors alone. The Multi-Level Perspective, working through institutions, revealed that the institutional setting did not support a transition to nuclear energy. The lack of coordination of strategies derailed the transition. The comparative case study analysis of Germany, the UK, Australia, and India reaffirmed this as countries with better coordination succeeded in transitions. Energy experts offered differing views on the feasibility of nuclear power but many agreed that South Africa should focus on technologies it has better competencies in.
Financial performance of Nigerian deposit money banks and corporate governance
Authors: Olubukola Otekunrin Adegbola , Doorasamy Mishelle , Wright Olatunde , Dolapo Aregbesola Olateju , Omojola Sunday
Published: June 2024

Corporate governance has become a significant policy issue in Nigeria, especially with many developments such as the volatility of corporations on the Nigerian Exchange and the rise in the population of stockholders, which have increased the relevance of corporate governance measures. This study examined the nexus between corporate governance and Nigerian Deposit Money Banks’ (NDMBs) financial performances using a period from 2012 to 2019. Using a judgmental sampling technique, out of 25 NDMRs, 15 NDMRs were selected as a sample size. Secondary data were extracted from the annual reports of the selected banks. Descriptive research design and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings offer empirical evidence to refute the five null hypotheses and found that the financial performance of NDMBs as measured by Tobin Q and corporate governance proxies (i.e. board meetings, the board size, CEO duality, audit committee independence, and board independence) is statistically related. This study found that the nexus between Nigerian deposit money banks’ financial performance and CEO duality is negative and significant. The nexus between Nigerian deposit money banks’ financial performance and board independence is negative and significant. Nigerian deposit money banks’ financial performance and audit committee independence have a positive and significant nexus. The nexus between Nigerian deposit money banks’ financial performance and board size is positive and significant. The nexus between Nigerian deposit money banks’ performance and board meetings is positive and significant. This study concluded that corporate governance and financial performance of NDMBs are related.
AcknowledgmentWhichever contributors to this publication, both non-researchers and scholars, are much acknowledged.