bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of positive psychology intervention on stress among tribal adolescents in Jawadhu Hills, India
Authors:   Department of Social Sciences, School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India, Anbarasu Anthonysamy , Bhuvaneswari Mohanraj ,   Department of Social Sciences, School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of a positive psychology intervention on the stress levels of tribal adolescents living in the Jawadhu Hills area of India. Tribal communities often have distinct socio-economic and cultural barriers that lead to increased stress levels among adolescents. To address this issue, a positive psychology intervention was implemented that included the use of approaches designed to enhance emotional well-being and resilience. The research used an experimental pre-post control group design and a purposive sampling strategy to assess changes in stress levels using standardized stress measurement instruments. Results showed that the positive psychology intervention dramatically reduced stress levels among tribal youth in the experimental group compared to the control group, from 22.53 to 14.27. Several implications have been raised in light of these findings. First, it is important to emphasize the urgent need for increased awareness of mental health issues among tribal youth. In addition, the use of skilled professional counselors for adolescents significantly alleviates their emotional concerns. It is also essential to tailor interventions to the cultural milieu of the tribal community, taking into account their own needs, values, and traditions. In addition, it is important that local governments, NGOs, and educational institutions work together to implement and sustain positive psychology interventions in tribal schools. Therefore, this research contributes significantly to the understanding of how positive psychology interventions can successfully reduce stress among marginalized tribal youth.
The application of transactive memory in the learning organization and the role of credibility
Authors:   College of Business Administration, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia, Arif Alotaibi
Published: May 2024

Studies have shown that transactive memory plays a significant role in how learning occurs within organizations. While many studies have looked at what influences the growth of transactive memory, not much research has been done on how the thought processes of people working in groups are formed. This area of study examines the importance of how knowledge is organized in people's minds at work for the growth of transactive memory and how this process is affected by individual characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap by looking at how trust and skill, known as credibility dimensions, affect the growth of transactive memory. For this purpose, information was gathered from 239 people working at a paint and coating company in Saudi Arabia. The results indicate that both trust and skill significantly influence the development of transactive memory.
Red Algae Compounds: Potential Neuroprotective Agents for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Pereira Leonel , Valado Ana
Published: May 2024

This review explores the potential of compounds derived from red algae (Rhodophyta) as promising neuroprotective agents for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Red algae, abundant in marine environments, contain bioactive compounds with diverse chemical structures and functionalities. Sulfated polysaccharides, primarily agar and carrageenans, stand out as the predominant and widely utilized compounds derived from red algae. Additionally, red algae harbor a spectrum of potential molecules such as essential fatty acids, phycobiliproteins, vitamins, minerals, and secondary metabolites. Extensive research has highlighted the diverse biological activities exhibited by these compounds, including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds show various biological activities that have garnered interest in their therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the extraction, characterization, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications of Rhodophyta-derived compounds in the context of neuroprotection and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Simiao Powder as an Effective Remedy for Gout
Authors: Koczwara Anna , jiang lingfan , Zheng Shasha
Published: May 2024

Gout is an increasing metabolic disease due to the buildup of uric acid. The buildup of uric acid due to inadequate excretion leads to uric acid crystal formation. Treatment for gout aims to eliminate the uric acid crystal formation so that inflammation decreases. Traditional gout medication is usually allopurinol, but increasing studies have proven that herbal remedies may be promising. Over the past few years, studies have demonstrated that Simiao powder, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is more effective than allopurinol in reducing elevated uric acid. The four main herbs in Simiao powder, Cyathulae Radix, Coicis Semen, Atractoylodes Lancea, and Phellodendri Chinrnsis Cortex combined, possess anti-inflammatory properties that can effectively reduce uric acid. Simiao powder also has properties that can treat metabolic syndrome, which often coexists with gout. Though TCM can be more effective in some ways, combining TCM with Western medicine proves that the two can overlap effectively. The success of Simiao powder opens the door to further explorations of TCM in treating modern chronic conditions.
The Effect Of A Digital Discharge Education Program On Self-Care Abilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Idealistiana Lia , Ibrahim Mohammad Yusof , Ramdzan Abdul Rahman Bin
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Post-section cesarean patients require discharge education to follow self-care instructions, regain independence, and improve recovery. Communication methods like verbal instructions, videos, phone calls, email correspondence, websites, and mobile/tablet applications can effectively manage self-care and prevent postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the effect of a digital discharge education program on self-care ability in women post section cesarean in Indonesia.

METHODS

This study was a prospective, two-arm, single-blinded randomized controlled trial at six secondary level hospitals in West Java. The study included women post section cesarean on the first day. A randomization tool was used to allocate patients in a 1:1 ratio to either interevntion or control group. Each group consisted of 120 recruited women. Therapeutic Self-Care (TSC) was used to evaluate self-care abilities. The general estimating equation is use to investigate the simple main impact of various time points within each group.

RESULTS

The repeated ANOVA test revealed that the severity of self-care ability scores increased significantly in the intervention group after intervention (p-value= 0.001). With the effect size was 0.35, indicating moderate effect size. However, control group did not show a significant improvement. The GEE analysis showed a significant effect over time on self-care ability (p=.001) and regarding the difference between the groups, the results showed significant effects on self-care ability (p=.001). The results also showed significant effects in the interaction between time and group for self-care ability.

CONCLUSIONS

This study found that web-based discharge education program on self-care abilities among post C-section women in Indonesia. Future research should focus on developing innovative information technology treatments that involve healthcare consumers and practitioners to improve the delivery of prompt discharge education to general surgery patients.
Studying the level of dialogical speech development in pupils with intellectual disorders as an indicator of their mental health
Authors: Haiash O. , Mykhalska S. , Myronova S. , Bielova O.
Published: May 2024

Background. The research was aimed at studying the levels of development of dialogical speech in primary schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities (ID). In accordance with the purpose of the research, the following tasks were implemented: to carry out a theoretical analysis of the research problem; to develop criteria and indicators of the levels of dialogical speech development in younger schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities; to investigate the state and levels of development of dialogical speech in younger schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities in modern educational conditions. Materials and methods. To determine the levels of dialogical speech development, we have created a diagnostic program, criteria, and indicators for the development of dialogical speech in students with ID. Results. According to the results of the study, the high level of development of dialogical speech among primary schoolchildren with ID was not detected, 15.4 % of students showed sufficient level, 39.1 % — average level, 45.5 % had low level. Conclusion. Children with intellectual disabilities experience difficulties in independently formulating questions, choosing the necessary words in answers. In dialogue, younger schoolchildren with IP mostly use short, monotonous lines. Their answers are characterized by poor vocabulary, inaccurate use of words, morphological and syntactic agrammatism. This state of dialogical skills is due to the underdevelopment of coherent speech and basic mental operations such as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, comparison, systematization; inability to transfer acquired skills to a conversation situation, narrowing of verbal contacts, cognitive passivity. Their speech lacks emotion due to the inability of children with IP to use intonation.
Clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 in newborns. Analysis of a severe clinical case
Authors: Nadraga A.B. , Dobryanskyy D.O. , Lytvyn H.O. , Pokrovska T.V. , Khirivskyi A.L.
Published: May 2024

Background. Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic until January 1, 2024, more than 5.5 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been detected in Ukraine according to official data, approximately 6 % of them among children under 18 years old. Aim: to improve the management of newborns based on studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with different course. Materials and methods. Eleven newborns (7 boys and 4 girls) diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction were observed. Disease progression, results of laboratory and instrumental studies were analyzed. Results. An analysis of clinical data and the results of laboratory and instrumental investigations are presented, as well as treatment outcomes in newborns with confirmed COVID-19. It was found that in all cases, children were infected from mothers with SARS-CoV-2. The frequency of clinical symptoms is provided, revealing discrepancies between respiratory symptoms and changes identified on lung ultrasound. Most children exhibited anemia, elevated D-dimer levels in the blood, yet experienced a mild course of the disease. The average duration of illness prior to hospitalization was 3.70 ± 1.48 days, with a hospital stay of 4.01 ± 1.22 days. An exception was in case of patient N., characterized by a severe condition necessitating prolonged oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and administration of remdesivir. This particular case is detailed in the article. Conclusions. In most infants under one month of age observed in this study, the course of ­COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 was characterized by symptoms such as lethargy, hyperthermia, nasal congestion, diarrhea, and changes detected only through laboratory and instrumental stu­dies: anemia, abnormalities in the coagulation system, and increased lung parenchymal density. Ho­wever, the disease course in infants of this age can also be very severe, with lung parenchymal involvement, pneumonia, COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, complicated by generalized bacterial infection, as presented in the clinical case.
The role of phenotypic factors in predicting the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis in children
Authors: Bodnia K.I. , Zosimov A.M. , Rogozhyn A.V. , Asoyan І.M. , Kondratyuk V.V.
Published: May 2024

Background. The purpose was to study the prognostic role of some phenotypic factors in the effectiveness of tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis in children at present stage. Materials and methods. To study the role of phenotypic factors in predic­ting the effectiveness of tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis, an analysis was performed of dermatoglyphic indicators, gender, and the inactivation phenotype of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (IAH) in 76 children with tuberculin skin test conversion who underwent a 3-month course of preventive therapy with isoniazid. Dermatoglyphics of fingers and palms was determined according to the standard method [5]. The dynamics of skin sensitivity to tuberculin PPD-L according to the Mantoux test with 2 tuberculin units was used as a criterion for the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis. According to the latter, the examinees were divided into two groups: the first one consisted of 52 children in whom the size of a wheal decreased by 4 mm or more after the end of a course (effective chemoprevention); the second one included 24 patients in whom skin sensitivity to tuberculin increased or remained at the previous level or decreased by a wheal size for 3 mm or less (ineffective chemoprevention). Results. The conducted statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in 7 indicators between the groups (p < 0.05). Determination of their prognostic informativeness made it possible to rank the prognostic significance of phenotypic signs, namely: the size of the atd angle on the left palm (J = 1.7), the number of ulnar loops on the right hand (J = 1.4), the type of IAH inactivation (J = 1.3), the number of whorls on the right hand (J = 1.2), the total number of whorls (J = 1.1), the atd angle on the right palm (J = 0.7), the number of whorls on the left hand (J = 0.5). The correlation analysis between the dermatoglyphic indicators and the type of IAH inactivation showed that there are reliable connections between them (p < 0.05), but their number differs significantly in groups. In patients with ineffective chemoprophylaxis, the number of correlations (n = 13) exceeded that of the alternative group (n = 2) by more than 6 times, which indicates significant structural phenotypic differences. Conclusions. There were significant correlations between the type of IAH inactivation and dermatoglyphic indicators, but the number of such connections was 6 times higher in children with ineffective chemoprophylaxis than in the alternative group. This indicates that a more pronounced integration of dermatoglyphic genes and the ability to neutralize IAH is a favorable moment in general, but negative in relation to the effectiveness of tuberculosis prevention.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: general provisions
Authors: Abaturov O.E. , Nikulina A.O.
Published: May 2024

The literature review deals with the problem of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease that is poorly studied in pediatric gastroenterology. Until recently, primary hepatic steatosis not associated with alcohol intake was defined as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Given the unity of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying primary steatosis, associated steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis with metabolic disorders, such as visceral obesity, insulin resistance, meta-inflammation of adipose tissue, it was proposed to change the terminology. The authors present data on modern nomenclature definitions, etiological factors, prevalence, criteria of metabolic disorders and meta-inflammation associated with this nosology and specific to childhood. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are characterized by the development of hepatosteatosis. However, a distinguishing feature of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is the presence of metabolic disorders in a patient. It is believed that the use of the term “metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease” in clinical practice allows doctors to make a diagnosis more reliably and more accurately modify the patient’s lifestyle. Much attention is paid to the description of the heterogeneity of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in clinical practice, and a concise list of therapeutic options for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in childhood is presented.
DIABETES-RELATED SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS: A STUDY FROM TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN SOUTH KERALA
Authors: PAUL AJAY , ASOKAN ATHULYA G.
Published: May 2024

Objectives: (1) The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual dysfunction (SD) among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the General Medicine and Endocrinology Department at a tertiary care center in south Kerala. (2) To assess the relationship between erectile dysfunction and the microvascular consequences of Type 2 diabetes. (3) To correlate SD with glycemic status.
Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with Type 2 diabetes at a tertiary care center in south Kerala participated in the cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was employed to document demographic and glycemic status. The assessment tools utilized included the International Index of Erectile Function for male and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scoring questionnaire for females. The statistical analysis employed included unpaired t-tests for students and tests assessing the equality of proportions.
Results: About 65% of patients with diabetes mellitus had SD. About 46% of female participants and 78.6% of male participants in the study population had SD. Duration of diabetes, poor glycemic status, and microvascular complications correlated with SD.
Conclusion: SD is frequent in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glycemic control determines the development of SD. It is advisable to screen patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus for SD as a proactive measure for early intervention and management.
ROLL OF LOCAL FLAP TECHNIQUE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COMPOUND INJURIES OF LEG
Authors: SADH RAGHVENDRA , PAL VISHNU
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the feasibility of local flaps in management of soft-tissue defects with exposed fracture bone fragments in lower extremity (particularly the leg) due to trauma.
Methods: The present study included 20 cases of traumatized lower extremity having a soft-tissue defect and an exposed bone with or without associated fractures. Study was conducted from January 1989 to August 1990. Local flaps provide a reliable single stage procedure for coverage of lower extremity soft-tissue defects. Distant flap provides good coverage but these procedures are long drown out and tedious. Only those cases were selected in which wound was found to be preferably, in the upper 1/3rd, middle 1/3rd and the upper most part of the lower third of the leg due to easy accessibility and placement of the flaps to these area. (As flaps can easily be transposed to these areas). All flaps, that is, Fasciocutaneous, Musculocutaneous, or local Muscle flaps were under taken as a delayed procedure after careful evaluation of traumatized limb, that is, repeated dressing, debridement and control of infection.
Results: In this study, stable wound coverage was achieved in all patients. Most of the patients were in the age group of 18 to 42 (55%), of these 90% were male. The longest duration of follow-up was 14 months and shortest was 3 months. Excellent result were obtained in Muscle and Musculocutaneous flaps while good result was obtained in 10% cases of Fasciocutaneous flap.
Conclusion: Stable coverage can be achieved by flap techniques using Fasciocutaneous Muscle of Musculocutaneous flaps. Coverage of exposed cartical bones, tendon and major vessels and adequate control of infection can be achieved by Muscle and Musculocutaneous flap in post traumatized limb. Fasciocutaneous flap (Ponten super flap) is very useful in repair of soft-tissue defect asit is a much simpler, easy to design and construct large flaps are safe due to good circulations, requires less time without any functional loss. Post-operative management is simple for both patient and staff.
INFLUENCE OF DURATION OF UNTREATED PSYCHOSIS ON THE SHORT-TERM OUTCOME IN FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: K BHARATHI , K PUGAZHENDHI , K BALAMURUGAN , D PUNITHAVATHI
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Schizophrenia is a devastating disease and many patients present late for treatment due to difficulty in identifying symptoms by family members. The objective of this study is to find if there is an association between a longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and poor treatment outcome in first-episode Schizophrenics and to find if there is an association between premorbid social adjustment on DUP.
Methods: Anti-psychotic-naïve patients with an international classification of diseases-10 schizophrenia were evaluated 12 weeks after their first in-patient hospitalization. Association between untreated initial psychosis duration (measured from the beginning of first symptom as well as from first hospital admission) was examined by conducting the clinical interview, symptom severity by positive and negative syndrome scale, and clinical global impression scale, pre-morbid social adjustment by premorbid social adjustment (PSA) scale; and symptoms improvement after treatment by CGI-I scale.
Results: Of the 57 patients studied, 57.9% showed improvement after treatment, paranoid type was more common, patients responded better when treated with combined typical and atypical antipsychotics and improvement was better when DUP was <2 years. There was a major negative correlation between positive syndrome scores and DUP. There was no association of DUP with negative syndrome score, psychopathology score and PSA score.
Conclusion: DUP was an independent predictor of treatment outcome and early intervention is necessary for better prognosis.
DEGRADATION ESTIMATION OF ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM IN PHARMACEUTICAL TABLET FORMULATION
Authors: JANA KALLOL
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The present objective was to undertaken the Rosuvastatin Calcium degradation in the tablets formulations with a rapid, economic, consistent, specific and simple analytical procedure.
Methods: The analytical RP-HPLC was validated with mobile phase composition of methyl alcohol : cyanomethane : water  (45:35:20,v/v). The detection was achieved with a flow 1.0 ml/min by using octylsilane column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µ), at 248 nm.
Results: The established analytical procedure of Rosuvastatin Calcium was validated statistically for reproducibility, accuracy, specificity as per ICH-guideline. The correlation coefficient was 0.999 with the linearity concentration range 140-260 µg/ml. The percentage recovery was achieved 99.86 to 106.12 and RSD% of precision was 0.599. The specificity was confirmed by excellent photolytic and thermal stability of Rosuvastatin Calcium. The degradation statistical recovery of Rosuvastatin Calcium in dry, wet and thermal stage ware 99.25%, 99.52 % and 99.64% respectively validated. The developed peaks in the chromatograms of alkali, oxidation and acid decomposition of Rosuvastatin Calcium were confirmed by screening the degradation peaks and the recovery percentage were found 23.16 %, 85.59 % and 66.33 % respectively.
Conclusions: The stress conditions of Rosuvastatin Calcium in degradation study is successfully developed and it is also important in stability to determined the highest lipid lowering agent in the body that block the manufacturing of cholesterol. The stress conditions like in aqueous acidic hydrolysis, oxidative, alkaline hydrolysis, thermal and photolytic degradation study was validated with a simple, cost efficient, linear, accurate, selective, specific, high performance liquid chromatography with a simple effortless mobile phase containing methyl alcohol, cyanomethane and water.
REVIEW OF PHYTO-MEDICAL EXTRACTS’ AND COMPOUNDS’ ANTI-RADIATION PROPERTIES
Authors: JILANI MWALIMU RAPHAEL , PACKIRISAMY AZHAGU SARAVANA BABU
Published: May 2024

Humans are routinely exposed to radiation when receiving cancer treatment, fighting nuclear weapons, exploring space, and flying. Radiation exposure damages biological components such as protein, lipids, and cell membranes because it causes oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, which can lead to DNA destruction even at low concentrations. Protecting people from the harmful effects of radiation is a challenging task due to the plethora of side effects of the chemical compounds used to mitigate DNA damage in normal cells. Hospitals continue to utilize radiotherapy for cancer treatment; yet, the adverse effects of the radiation they emit have outweighed the benefits. Plant phytochemicals and their derivatives exhibit diverse biological functions, often perceived as innocuous due to their non-toxic nature within subcellular and cellular environments. Moreover, they possess the capability to mitigate radiation-induced damage. This review aims to delineate the radioprotective attributes of plant polyphenols and extracts, elucidating their mechanisms of action across various models.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURE NECK OF FEMUR IN ADULTS WITH CEMENTED BIPOLAR HEMIARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Y SATYANARAYANA , C SIVAKUMAR , D RAVI PRAKASH
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Displaced femoral neck fractures are frequently treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasties. There is little long-term data regarding bipolar hemiarthroplasty. This study aims to know the clinical efficacy of bipolar hemiarthroplasty in fractured neck femur in old age people. Patients are assessed postoperatively for pain, limp, and functional activities, and a Harris hip score is used to evaluate the results.
Methods: This is a prospective study that included patients who underwent bipolar hemi replacement arthroplasty. A total 40 number of patients treated with bipolar prosthesis were assessed during our study. Both males and females were included in the study. We obtained all proper consent from patients during the study from a tertiary care hospital.
Results: In this study, a sample of 20 patients with fractures of the neck of the femur with displacement, communication, and neck resorption above 50 years old were surgically treated with hemiarthroplasty using a bipolar endoprosthesis. Postoperatively, bipolar hemiarthroplasty allows for early mobilization, pain alleviation, and a high degree of activity while posing little risks.
Conclusion: When compared to Austin Moore’s prosthesis, bipolar hemiarthroplasty had fewer complications, such as acetabular erosion and anterior thigh pain. As a result of these findings, we believe that bipolar hemiarthroplasty is the best treatment for intracapsular fracture neck femur.
EVALUATION OF ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF BAMBUSA VULGARIS ON MALE WISTAR RATS
Authors: SARKAR SUSMITA , ROY CHOWDHURY PANISREE , CHOUDHURI DIPAYAN
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the potential toxicity of methanolic extract of leaves of Bambusa vulgaris in male Wistar rats.
Methods: The methanolic extract was prepared for acute and sub-acute toxicity to determine the lethal dose. During the acute toxicity study, male rats were orally administered with leaf extracts at single doses of 100, 500,800, and 2000 mg/kg according to OECD Guidelines 425 for 14 days. Sub-acute toxicity dose at 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg was studied by daily dosing on male rats for 30 days.
Results: The acute toxicity study revealed no lethal effects and behavioral signs of toxicity at the tested doses indicating that LD50 is <2000 mg/kg. In a sub-acute study, non-significant changes in the body weight (p<0.05), body weight gain percentage (p<0.05) food intake (p<0.05), and relative organ weight percentage (p<0.05), and hematological parameters (p<0.05) of the rats were observed. A significant (p<0.05) increase in ALT level was observed dose at 800 mg/kg. Histopathological analysis showed mild cell distortion in the liver and kidney in male rats treated at 800 mg/kg of extract.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that oral administration of methanolic leaf extract Bambusa vulgais is safe. However, a dose of 800 mg/kg may be toxic for the liver and kidney.
PHENOTYPIC DETECTION OF ESBL AND AMPC BETA LACTAMASES AMONG GRAM-NEGATIVE ISOLATES FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: BHAVANA DASARI , MUSADDIQ SHABNUM , K SAILEELA
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli expressing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC pose a serious therapeutic threat in nosocomial infections. Cost-effective screening methods are a boon to patients. This study aims to detect gram-negative bacilli and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns, as well as detect the ESBL and AmpC-producing isolates among Gram-negative bacilli.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted with 150 samples. Gram-negative bacilli were isolated, and their antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Potential ESBL producers were screened using Ceftazidime disc, and AmpC producers were screened by Cefoxitin discs by the disc diffusion method. ESBL producers were confirmed by the combined disc diffusion assay method using ceftazidime and ceftazidime/Clavulanic acid disc. AmpC producers were confirmed by the Cefoxitin Cloxacillin Double Disc Synergy Test.
Results: About 38% of 150 samples were gram-negative bacilli, of which 40.35% were Escherichia coli, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35.08%). Maximum sensitivity by E. coli was found toward imipenem, meropenem, and cotrimoxazole. P. aeruginosa showed maximum sensitivity toward piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, and ceftazidime. 28.07% of Gram-negative isolates were ESBL producers, with E. coli (11 isolates) being the maximum, and 15.78% were AmpC producers, with E. coli (four isolates) being the maximum. Seven isolates were both ESBL and AmpC producers.
Conclusion: Routine screening and timely reporting of ESBL and AmpC producers help in preventing the spread of multidrug-resistant strains. Antibiotic resistance surveillance helps in the implementation of strict infection control and prevention practices.
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY PROFILE OF NEONATES ADMITTED IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, SOUTH-EASTERN RAJASTHAN, JHALAWAR MEDICAL COLLEGE, JHALAWAR: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: MEENA NARESH KUMAR , PUNIA HARISH , SHARMA AKANSHA , MEENA NIDHI
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the morbidity and mortality patterns in a special newborn care unit (SNCU)/neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in the SNCU/NICU of Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar. The duration of the study was 3 years. A retrospective case record review and analysis was done. Secondary data collected from the online SNCU Software (National Health mission Government of India).
Results: Eight thousand seven hundred and forty-eight neonates were admitted in NICU. 2488 (59.9%) were male and 1657 (40.1%) were female, 4047 (46.3%) were normal birth babies, and 4701 (53.7%) were low birth weight babies. According to the outcome, total 6753 (77.19%) were discharged successfully, 1464 (16.66%) died, 382 (4.36%) were referred, and 149 (1.7%) were leave against medical advice. Birth asphyxia was the most common morbidity 2404 (27.36%) followed by neonatal sepsis (18.06%) and neonatal jaundice (15.44%). Birth asphyxia were more in inborn unit (p<0.0001). Sepsis is more prevalent in out born unit (p<0.0001). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy/moderate-to-severe birth asphyxia was the most common cause of death (28.23%), followed by neonatal sepsis (20.62%) and respiratory distress syndrome (19.35%), and major congenital malformations were cause of death in 106 (7.24%). Mortality due to neonatal sepsis was significantly high in outborn unit (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, and respiratory distress syndrome were the leading causes of mortality in this study. These leading causes of mortality in the study could be prevented by adequate training of nursing staff and doctors, timely referral to tertiary care if required.
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF LIVER FUNCTIONS IN MULTIPLE TRANSFUSED THALASSEMIA PATIENTS ON REGULAR CHELATION THERAPY VERSUS IRREGULAR CHELATION THERAPY IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER OF JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN
Authors: YADAV RAJVEER SINGH , PAL NIKITA , GOYAL TRAPTA , RAY SANDIP , YADAV SHWETA , SHARMA ABHISHEK KUMAR
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The aim of our study was to determine liver functions in thalassemia patients on regular versus irregular chelation therapy.
Methods: This was an observational study conducted in the department of pediatrics in a tertiary care hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. All those patients who received more than 50 blood transfusions are considered as multiple transfused patients and were included in this study.
Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in this study. Ninety percent of patients were under 15 years of age and the male-to-female ratio was 2.85:1. In 82.35% regular chelation therapy, patients have normal liver functions as compared to 49.5% in irregular chelation therapy patients.
Conclusion: Patients having abnormal liver functions in thalassemia patients due to iron overload. As a result of chelation therapy, serum glutamic oxalocetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels were significantly reduced. In the study, regular chelation therapy should be started as early as indicated in thalassemia patients.
AN ASSOCIATION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: JAIN SHWETA , SS BISWAS , JAIN SWATI
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is strongly linked with hepatic fatty infiltration and visceral adiposity, therefore, being a cause and a result of metabolic syndrome. The objective of the study is to find an association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Methods: A total of 342 subjects from which 86 NAFLD 86 control were suitably selected for study duration of 1 year. Diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was done by liver imaging and based on liver enzymes. MetS assessment was done by the national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Estimation of all biochemical and hematological parameters and liver enzymes was done following standard guidelines. Mean comparison of quantitative data in different groups was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance.
Results: There were significant high levels of body mass index, waist circumference, and lipid profiles in NAFLD patients in comparison to control population (p<0.001). According to the NCEP ATP III criteria, 59.3% of NAFLD were present with MetS where risk estimate was significant (odds ratio=2.15).
Conclusion: This study suggests that there is an increased in all the components of MetS and gross changes in biochemical markers in cases of NAFLD. Therefore, whenever MetS factors are met in the clinical checkups, patients must be diagnosed for NAFLD by imaging (fatty liver).
CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF HIGH SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS
Authors: KAUR KAMALDEEP , SINGH DEEP INDER , AMITA
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Poor cardiovascular outcomes have been linked to high-sensitivity C-reaction protein (hs-CRP), a biomarker of residual inflammatory risk. Whether or not a patient has diabetes mellitus, evaluate the relationship among hs-CRP levels estimated at hospital admission and in-hospital consequences and death.
Methods: This prospective cohort study included 100 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with both non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and STEMI who were admitted to the cardiac care critical care unit intensive therapy unit.
Results: Diabetics had a considerably higher incidence of hypertension (p=0.001) and dyslipidemia (p=0.001) compared to non-diabetics. Diabetics exhibited a significantly higher mean hs-CRP level (6.76±1.12 vs. 3.65±0.98 mg/dL; p=0.01) than non-diabetics. Meanwhile, compared to non-diabetics, diabetics utilized significantly more aspirin (p=0.001), beta-blockers (p=0.001), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (p=0.01), and statins (p=0.001). Furthermore, compared to those with hs-CRP <3 mg/L, those with hs-CRP ≥3 mg/dL had a significantly higher incidence of dyslipidemia (p=0.001) and hypertension (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the current study demonstrated that hs-CRP upon admission is a valid predictor of hospital morbidity and death in patients with AMI who are diabetic or non-diabetic. Individuals with diabetes showed greater CRP levels than non-diabetic AMI patients did.
DEPRESSION IN FAMILY MEMBERS OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE PATIENTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: MAHAJAN PIYUSH , DAHUJA MALVIKA
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out prevalence and severity of depression in family members of alcohol-dependence patients.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study in which 50 family members of patients with alcohol dependence according to mental and behavioral disorders diagnostic criterion for research (ICD-10 DCR) included on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The severity of alcohol dependence was assessed by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C (AUDIT-C) score. The incidence of depression and its severity in family members was assessed by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score. The correlation of AUDIT-C score in alcohol-dependent patients and HAM-D score in family members was done by using Pearson coefficient correlation statistical purposes p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Out of the 50 patients with alcohol dependence, 48 (96.00%) were males and 2 (4%) were females. The mean age of the patients was found to be 41.12±11.02. The mean duration of alcoholism was 8.16±5.39 years. 19 (38%) patients had AUDIT-C score of 8 whereas AUDIT-C score of 10 and 12 was found in 16 (32%) and 15 (30%) patients each. The most commonly affected relative was spouse (40%), followed by mother (26%), brother (20%), and father (14%). Majority of the family members (82%) had mild depression (score between 8 and 13). Nine (18%) patients did not have any depression. Moderate, severe, or very severe depression was not seen in any family member. There was a significant positive correlation between AUDIT-C score in alcohol-dependent patients and HAM-D score in family members (R score=0.6333 and p<0.005).
Conclusion: There is a significant psychological impact, particularly depression, of alcohol dependence on family members. Severity of hazardous drinking correlated positively with the incidence of depression in family members.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS B INFECTION ATTENDING THE OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTHEAST INDIA
Authors: RAM RATAN , BEYONG TASO
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical and laboratory profile of patients with hepatitis B infection-attending outpatient departments of tertiary care hospitals in northeast India.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the outpatient department of a tertiary care medical institute situated in northeast India. Eighty patients infected with hepatitis B (on the basis of serological markers) were included in this study on the basis of predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic details such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status of all the patients were noted. A detailed history was taken including any history of intravenous drug use, tattooing, sexual contacts, history of blood transfusions, and familial liver disease. Clinical and laboratory profiles (liver function test and serological markers) of all the patients were studied. Ultrasound imaging was done in all the cases. p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: Out of 80 studied cases, there were 49 (61.25%) males and 31 (38.75%) females. The mean age for males and females was 32.30±8.03 and 34.70±13.52 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in mean age between males and females (p=0.3218). Mother-to-child transmission was evenly distributed with 7 males (8.75%) and 9 females (11.25%) affected. Other risk factors, such as dental implants and surgeries, showed a lower prevalence, with dental implants impacting 2 males (2.5%) and 3 females (3.75%) and surgeries concerning 5 males (6.25%) and 3 females (3.75%). Majority of the patients (52.5%) were asymptomatic and were found to be hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive incidentally. HBsAg was positive in all cases. 12 (15%) patients showed the presence of hepatitis B e antigen suggestive of high infectivity. Anti-HBc and anti-HBe were positive in 68 (85%) patients each. Hepatomegaly was seen in 23 cases (28.75%) on ultrasound. Moderate fibrosis on elastography was seen in 2 (2.5%) cases.
Conclusion: In cases of hepatitis B, the majority of the patients remained asymptomatic, and many cases no risk factor for hepatitis B virus infection could be identified. It is therefore important to screen the general population for hepatitis B infection.
TIMING OF THE STOMA REVERSAL, WHAT IS THE SAFE PERIOD?: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: ASHWATH GIRIDHAR , MANASIJAN ESHWAR KATHIRESAN , ROZARIO ANTHONY P
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the most suitable timing for the reversal of enteric stomas and to investigate the complications associated with the presence and reversal of stomas among different age groups and genders.
Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of General Surgery of a tertiary care medical institute. The institutional ethical committee approved the study. We reviewed the digitally recorded data of patients who had undergone both the creation and reversal of stomas at our institution over various time intervals spanning from January 2017 to December 2022. Beyond the electronically stored clinical data encompassing patient demographics, stoma type, and complications encountered between stoma insertion and reversal, we conducted a thorough review of the database containing information on outpatient follow-ups for a month. The gender and age distribution, indications for surgery, type of stoma, and its correlation with age and gender were analyzed. Duration from surgery to stoma reversal and complications were also analyzed. Categorical data were presented as frequency and percentage, whereas quantitative data were summarized using the mean and standard deviation. Closure of the stoma after surgery was compared based on age and sex, employing an independent t-test.
Results: In this study 82 patients undergoing stoma surgery, 68.29% were male and 31.71% were female. The mean age of male and female patients was found to be 44.26 and 35.96 years, respectively. Males had a higher median duration for ileostomy and jejunostomy reversals at 14 and 17 weeks, respectively, whereas females showed longer durations for ileostomy at 15 weeks. Common indications for surgery included intestinal obstruction (32.9%) and peritonitis (20.7%). Post-stoma closure 50% of the patients experienced complications, with 24% occurring within 1 month of reversal. Major complications occurred in 41% of cases, including parastomal hernia and suspected anastomotic leaks. Minor complications were observed in 28 patients, representing 35% of all surgeries.
Conclusion: Stoma reversal between 8 and 12 weeks post-surgery is recommended for minimizing complications and avoiding psychological burden. While early closure may reduce hospital stay, it increases the risk of infections. Optimal timing for stoma closure is complex, requiring personalized, collaborative decision-making.
BILATERAL PAPILLEDEMA DUE TO UNDERLYING OCCIPITAL LOBE TRANSITIONAL MENINGIOMA
Authors: MAZUMDER ANIRUDDHA , KUMARI REENA , BHAGAT DINESH
Published: May 2024

To report a case of bilateral papilledema due to underlying transitional meningioma in left occipital lobe in a 30-year-old female.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON NASAL BONE FRACTURE ASSOCIATED WITH SEPTAL DEVIATION CORRECTED WITH SEPTOPLASTY VERSUS CLOSED REDUCTION
Authors: SREENIVASAN SREEJITH
Published: May 2024

Objective: The dorsum of the nose formed by nasal bones helps to maintain the airway and esthetic appearance of the nose. Faciomaxillary trauma is associated with a nasal bone fracture with or without nasal septal fractures. Nasal bone fractures can lead to deviation of the external nose and nasal obstruction. The management includes correction of nasal bone deformity with either septoplasty or reduction of nasal septal deviation by the non-surgical method. A study was conducted to compare the results of septal deviation corrected by septoplasty and non-surgical reduction of septal deviation combined with nasal bone fracture reduction.The aim of this study was to compare the results of septal deviation corrected by septoplasty and non-surgical reduction of septal deviation combined with nasal bone fracture reduction.
Materials: Sixty-two patients with nasal bone fractures with varying degrees of external nose deformity and nasal septal deviation were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of patients treated with septoplasty and nasal bone fracture correction and Group B consisted of patients treated with non-surgical reduction of septal deviation and nasal bone fracture correction. Type I, II, and II nasal bone fractures were included with all types of septal deviations. The subjective improvement in nasal obstruction was assessed using the visual analog scale in both groups.
Results: There were 26 males (81.25%) and 06 (18.75%) females in Group A and 25 (83.33%) males and 05 (16.67%) females in Group B. In Group A, 12 (37.5%) patients were aged between 18 and 27 years, 10 (31.25%) patients were aged between 28 and 27 years, 07 (21.87%) patients were aged between 38 and 47 years, and 03 (09.37%) patients were aged between 48 and 57 years. The mean age was 23.54±2.30 years.
Conclusion: Nasal bone fractures cause not only esthetic facial deformity but also functional airway obstruction. A thorough clinical examination, computed tomography scan, and patient counseling are necessary. There is no statistically significant difference in the final outcome between the septoplasty and closed reduction of the septal deviation undertaken to relieve nasal obstruction in patients with associated nasal bone fractures.