bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planetary Landers and Entry Probes
Authors: Ball Andrew , Garry James , Lorenz Ralph , Kerzhanovich Viktor
Published: December 2009

This book provides a concise but broad overview of the engineering, science and flight history of planetary landers and atmospheric entry probes designed to explore the atmospheres and surfaces of other planets. It covers engineering aspects specific to such vehicles which are not usually treated in traditional spacecraft engineering texts. Examples are drawn from over thirty different lander and entry probe designs that have been used for lunar and planetary missions since the early 1960s. The authors provide detailed illustrations of many vehicle designs from different international space programs, and give basic information on their missions and payloads, irrespective of the mission's success or failure. Several missions are discussed in more detail to demonstrate the broad range of the challenges involved and the solutions implemented. This will form an important reference for professionals, academic researchers and graduate students involved in planetary science, aerospace engineering and space mission development.
Beyond Pluto
Authors: Davies John
Published: December 2009

This book was originally published in 2001. In the ten years preceding publication, the known solar system more than doubled in size. For the first time in almost two centuries an entirely new population of planetary objects was found. This 'Kuiper Belt' of minor planets beyond Neptune revolutionised our understanding of the solar system's formation and finally explained the origin of the enigmatic outer planet Pluto. This is the fascinating story of how theoretical physicists decided that there must be a population of unknown bodies beyond Neptune and how a small band of astronomers set out to find them. What they discovered was a family of ancient planetesimals whose orbits and physical properties were far more complicated than anyone expected. We follow the story of this discovery, and see how astronomers, theoretical physicists and one incredibly dedicated amateur observer came together to explore the frozen boundary of the solar system.
Gravitational Collapse and Spacetime Singularities
Authors: Joshi Pankaj S.
Published: December 2009

Physical phenomena in astrophysics and cosmology involve gravitational collapse in a fundamental way. The final fate of a massive star when it collapses under its own gravity at the end of its life cycle is one of the most important questions in gravitation theory and relativistic astrophysics, and is the foundation of black hole physics. General relativity predicts that continual gravitational collapse gives rise to a space-time singularity. Quantum gravity may take over in such regimes to resolve the classical space-time singularity. This book, first published in 2007, investigates these issues, and shows how the visible ultra-dense regions arise naturally and generically as an outcome of dynamical gravitational collapse. It will be of interest to graduate students and academic researchers in gravitation physics, fundamental physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. It includes a detailed review of research into gravitational collapse, and several examples of collapse models are investigated in detail.
Correlation Pattern Recognition
Authors: Kumar B. V. K. Vijaya , Mahalanobis Abhijit , Juday Richard D.
Published: December 2009

Correlation is a robust and general technique for pattern recognition and is used in many applications, such as automatic target recognition, biometric recognition and optical character recognition. The design, analysis and use of correlation pattern recognition algorithms requires background information, including linear systems theory, random variables and processes, matrix/vector methods, detection and estimation theory, digital signal processing and optical processing. This 2005 book provides a needed review of this diverse background material and develops the signal processing theory, the pattern recognition metrics, and the practical application know-how from basic premises. It shows both digital and optical implementations. It also contains technology presented by the team that developed it and includes case studies of significant interest, such as face and fingerprint recognition. Suitable for graduate students taking courses in pattern recognition theory, whilst reaching technical levels of interest to the professional practitioner.
Lean Evolution
Authors: Rich Nick , Bateman Nicola , Esain Ann , Massey Lynn , Samuel Donna
Published: December 2009

Lean thinking is a powerful method that allows organizations to improve the productivity, efficiency and quality of their products or services. Achieving these benefits requires good teamwork, clear communication, intelligent use of resources and a commitment to continuous improvement. This 2006 book shows how lean thinking can be applied in practice, highlighting the key challenges and pitfalls. The authors, based at a leading centre for lean enterprise research, begin with an overview of the theory of lean thinking. They then explain the core tools and techniques and show how they can be applied successfully. The detailed implementation of lean thinking is illustrated by several case studies, from a range of industries, in which the authors had unprecedented access to the management teams. With its focus on implementation and practical solutions, this book will appeal to managers at all levels, as well as to business students and researchers in lean thinking.
Glasses for Photonics
Authors: Yamane Masayuki , Asahara Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2009

This book is an introduction to recent progress in the development and application of glass with special photonics properties. Glass has a number of structural and practical advantages over crystalline materials, including excellent homogeneity, variety of form and size, and the potential for doping with a variety of dopant materials. Glasses with photonic properties have great potential and are expected to play a significant role in the next generation of multimedia systems. Fundamentals of glass materials are explained in the first chapter, and the book then proceeds to a discussion of gradient index glass, laser glasses, nonlinear optical glasses and magneto-optical glasses. Beginning with the basic theory, the book discusses actual problems, performance and applications of glasses. The book will be of value to graduate students, researchers and professional engineers working in materials science, chemistry and physics with an interest in photonics and glass with special properties.
Mutualism
Authors: Stadler Bernhard , Dixon Anthony F. G.
Published: December 2009

A mutualism is an interaction between individuals of two different species of organism in which both benefit from the association. With a focus on mutualisms between ants and aphids, coccids, membracids and lycaenids, this volume provides a detailed account of the many different facets of mutualisms. Mutualistic interactions not only affect the two partners, but can also have consequences for higher levels of organization. By linking theory to case studies, the authors present an integrated account of processes and patterns of mutualistic interactions at different levels of organisation, from individuals to communities to ecosystems. Interactions between ants and their insect partners and their outcomes are explained from a resource-based, cost-benefit perspective. Covering a fascinating and growing subject in modern ecology, this book will be of interest to community and evolutionary ecologists and entomologists, at both research and graduate student level.
Simulating Human Origins and Evolution
Authors: Wessen K. P.
Published: December 2009

The development of populations over time, and, on longer timescales, the evolution of species, are both influenced by a complex of interacting, underlying processes. Computer simulation provides a means of experimenting within an idealised framework to allow aspects of these processes and their interactions to be isolated, controlled, and understood. In this book, computer simulation is used to model migration, extinction, fossilisation, interbreeding, selection and non-hereditary effects in the context of human populations and the observed distribution of fossil and current hominoid species. The simulations described enable the visualisation and study of lineages, genetic diversity in populations, character diversity across species and the accuracy of reconstructions, allowing insights into human evolution and the origins of humankind for graduate students and researchers in the fields of physical anthropology, human evolution, and human genetics.
The Shaping of Deduction in Greek Mathematics
Authors: Netz Reviel
Published: December 2009

The aim of this book is to explain the shape of Greek mathematical thinking. It can be read on three levels: as a description of the practices of Greek mathematics; as a theory of the emergence of the deductive method; and as a case-study for a general view on the history of science. The starting point for the enquiry is geometry and the lettered diagram. Reviel Netz exploits the mathematicians' practices in the construction and lettering of their diagrams, and the continuing interaction between text and diagram in their proofs, to illuminate the underlying cognitive processes. A close examination of the mathematical use of language follows, especially mathematicians' use of repeated formulae. Two crucial chapters set out to show how mathematical proofs are structured and explain why Greek mathematical practice manages to be so satisfactory. A final chapter looks into the broader historical setting of Greek mathematical practice.
The Clinical Neuropsychiatry of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Feinstein Anthony
Published: December 2009

Multiple sclerosis is the most common cause of neurological disability in young and middle-aged adults. This fully updated and revised new edition provides a detailed account of the many neuropsychiatric disorders associated with MS and is relevant to both the research and the clinical setting. Using the latest brain imaging findings and results from treatment trials, the symptoms, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of depression in MS are covered, as are psychosocial factors and the link between depression and MRI abnormalities. Subsequent chapters focus on cognitive dysfunction in MS, including the natural history of cognitive change, the use of screening instruments and neuropsychological batteries, brain imaging correlations and management strategies. The book concludes with a survey of the behavioral benefits and risks associated with disease-modifying drugs. It will be valuable to all mental health professionals, neurologists, and others caring for those affected by MS.
Non-Medical Prescribing
Authors: Bradley Eleanor , Nolan Peter
Published: December 2009

The foundations of good prescribing are quality engagement with trusted healthcare staff, access to knowledgeable and skilled personnel, and full involvement in decisions about care. Beginning with a discussion of how prescribing practices have evolved, this book then proceeds to outline how non-medical prescribing is now implemented from the perspectives of nurses, pharmacists and allied health professionals. It explores the impact on practice, and integrates the views and experiences of patients and service users, as individuals assume responsibility for their own health and select from a range of treatment options. The findings reported in this book describe the challenges posed by policy initiatives, the implications they have for healthcare personnel, and highlight areas in which further organisational change is required before the full impact of non-medical prescribing will be felt.
Exercise Testing and Interpretation
Authors: Cooper Christopher B. , Storer Thomas W.
Published: December 2009

This 2001 book provides a practical and systematic approach to the acquisition, interpretation, and reporting of physiologic responses to exercise. Pulmonologists, cardiologists, and sports physicians, as well as respiratory therapists and other allied health professionals will find this book an indispensable resource when learning to select proper instruments, identify the most appropriate test protocols, and integrate and interpret physiologic response variables. The final chapter presents clinical cases to illuminate useful strategies for exercise testing and interpretation. Useful appendices offer laboratory forms, algorithms and calculations, as well as answers to FAQs. A glossary of terms, symbols, and definitions is also included. Exercise Testing and Interpretation: A Practical Approach offers clearly defined responses (both normal and abnormal) to over thirty performance variables including aerobic, cardiovascular, ventilatory, and gas-exchange variables. Practical, portable, and easy-to-read, this essential guidebook can be used as a complement to more detailed books on the topic, or stand on its own.
Applied Mineral Inventory Estimation
Authors: Sinclair Alastair J. , Blackwell Garston H.
Published: December 2009

Applied Mineral Inventory Estimation presents a comprehensive applied approach to the estimation of mineral resources/reserves with particular emphasis on the geological basis of such estimations, the need for and maintenance of a high quality assay data base, the practical use of a comprehensive exploratory data evaluation, and the importance of a comprehensive geostatistical approach to the estimation methodology. Practical problems and real data are used throughout as illustrations: each chapter ends with a summary of practical concerns, a number of practical exercises and a short list of references for supplementary study. This textbook is suitable for any university or mining school that offers senior undergraduate and graduate student courses on mineral resource/reserve estimation. It will also be valuable for professional mining engineers, geological engineers and geologists working with mineral exploration and mining companies.
Chemotherapeutic Targets in Parasites
Authors: Mansour Tag E. , Mansour Joan MacKinnon
Published: December 2009

Parasitic infections are the most prevalent of human diseases, and researchers continue to face the challenge of designing drugs to successfully counteract them. Chemotherapeutic Targets in Parasites analyzes the critical metabolic reactions and structural features essential for parasite survival, and advocates the latest molecular strategies with which to identify effective antiparasitic agents. An introduction to the early development of parasite chemotherapy is followed by an overview of biophysical techniques and genomic and proteomic analysis. Several chapters are devoted to specific types of chemotherapeutic agents and their targets in malaria, trypanosomes, leishmania and amitochondrial protists. Chapters on helminths include metabolic, neuromuscular, microtubular and tegumental targets. Emphasized throughout is the design of more selective and less toxic drugs than in the past. This book will be especially relevant to medical and clinical researchers and to graduate students in parasitology, pharmacology, medicine, microbiology, and biochemistry.
Deterministic Observation Theory and Applications
Authors: Gauthier Jean-Paul , Kupka Ivan
Published: December 2009

This 2001 book presents a general theory as well as a constructive methodology to solve 'observation problems', that is, reconstructing the full information about a dynamical process on the basis of partial observed data. A general methodology to control processes on the basis of the observations is also developed. Illustrative but also practical applications in the chemical and petroleum industries are shown. This book is intended for use by scientists in the areas of automatic control, mathematics, chemical engineering and physics.
Life-threatening carotid haemorrhage following blunt trauma
Authors: Kumar A , Ahmed J , Reading N , Patil S , Jayaraj S
Published: December 2009

Introduction:

We report a case of internal carotid arterial damage following blunt neck trauma. This rare mechanism of injury demands a high index of suspicion to enable prompt specialist management.

Case report:

A 22-year-old man presented to hospital after sustaining blunt neck trauma. Rapid onset of stridor necessitated an emergency tracheostomy. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated a tear of the right internal carotid artery, which was repaired surgically.

Discussion:

Blunt carotid vessel injury, although rare, has a high mortality rate. Mechanisms of injury include hyperextension and contralateral neck rotation, a direct blow to the vessel, and laceration by adjacent bony structures. The ‘gold standard’ investigation for suspected blunt carotid vessel injury is catheter angiography, although this carries a small risk of stroke. Computed tomography angiography is a less invasive, alternative investigation which has almost equivalent accuracy. The extent of damage to the vessel wall will dictate treatment. In our literature review, we discuss the presentation, investigation and different treatment modalities available.

Conclusion:

This case highlights an unusual mechanism of carotid artery injury, with a delayed, potentially fatal presentation. Such injury demands a high index of suspicion, and confirmation with specific investigations. Management is hazardous and requires experienced personnel in all aspects of care.
The home language environment of monolingual and bilingual children and their language proficiency
Authors: SCHEELE ANNA F. , LESEMAN PAUL P. M. , MAYO AZIZA Y.
Published: December 2009

This study investigated the relationships between home language learning activities and vocabulary in a sample of monolingual native Dutch (n= 58) and bilingual immigrant Moroccan–Dutch (n= 46) and Turkish–Dutch (n= 55) 3-year-olds, speaking Tarifit-Berber, a nonscripted language, and Turkish as their first language (L1), respectively. Despite equal domain general cognitive abilities, Dutch children scored higher than the bilingual children on a L1 vocabulary test, and Moroccan–Dutch children had higher second language (L2) vocabulary skills compared to Turkish–Dutch children. Multigroup analyses revealed strong impact on both L1 and L2 skills of language specific input in literate and oral activities. Finally, indications were found of positive cross-language transfer from L1 to L2 as well as competition between L1 and L2 input.
Derivation of dynamical density functional theory using the projection operator technique
Authors: Español Pep , Löwen Hartmut
Published: December 2009

Density functional theory is a particular case of a general theory of conjugate variables that serves as the basis of the projection operator technique. By using this technique we derive a general dynamical version of density functional theory which involves a generalized diffusion tensor. The diffusion tensor is given by a Green–Kubo expression. For Brownian dynamics of dilute colloidal suspensions, the standard dynamical density functional theory is recovered.
Localization of a breathing crack using nonlinear subharmonic response signals
Authors: Semperlotti F. , Wang K. W. , Smith E. C.
Published: December 2009

The experimental validation of a structural health monitoring system based on the peculiar nonlinear dynamic response of cracked structures is proposed in this letter. The higher order harmonic response signal is a technique which allows detecting the location of a breathing crack taking advantage of the nonlinear dynamic response proper of a cracked structure. The experimental results show that information carried by the nonlinear harmonics allow detecting the structural damage without requiring a baseline signal of the healthy structure.
Surface plasmon lasers with quantum dots as gain media
Authors: Banerjee A. , Li R. , Grebel H.
Published: December 2009

As surface plasmons waveguides enter the electronic circuitry, surface plasmon (SP) sources are required. Here we demonstrate following attributes of optically pumped SPs laser: threshold, gain, spectral line narrowing, and feedback at 630 nm. The distinction between these attributes and those exhibited by amplified spontaneous emission source are discussed.
Diffusive growth of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Bunder J. E. , Hill James M.
Published: December 2009

The video of a growing fullerene within a carbon nanotube, initiated by a tungsten catalyst, provides a dramatic realization of a complex nanoscale process. While there may be many detailed models which can account for this growth, we propose one of the simplest possible models which is consistent with the major observed features of the growth process. In particular, we assume that the fullerene is immersed in a carbon vapor environment, and that the growth occurs as a consequence of the diffusion of the carbon vapor into the fullerene. Moreover, we assume that the classical diffusion equation applies in the region exterior to the fullerene and that a standard Stefan condition applies at the moving fullerene surface. We assume that the gaseous medium through which the carbon atoms diffuse is represented through the value of the diffusion coefficient D appearing in the classical diffusion equation. We also assume that the influence of the catalyst is felt through the value of the constant α appearing in the Stefan condition. Based on these assumptions, we derive simple similarity solutions for both spherical and ellipsoidal fullerenes which are entirely consistent with the observations. A corresponding analysis is provided for the longitudinal growth of a carbon nanotube.
A novel intermembrane space–targeting signal docks cysteines onto Mia40 during mitochondrial oxidative folding
Authors: Sideris Dionisia P. , Petrakis Nikos , Katrakili Nitsa , Mikropoulou Despina , Gallo Angelo , Ciofi-Baffoni Simone , Banci Lucia , Bertini Ivano , Tokatlidis Kostas
Published: December 2009

Mia40 imports Cys-containing proteins into the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) by ensuring their Cys-dependent oxidative folding. In this study, we show that the specific Cys of the substrate involved in docking with Mia40 is substrate dependent, the process being guided by an IMS-targeting signal (ITS) present in Mia40 substrates. The ITS is a 9-aa internal peptide that (a) is upstream or downstream of the docking Cys, (b) is sufficient for crossing the outer membrane and for targeting nonmitochondrial proteins, (c) forms an amphipathic helix with crucial hydrophobic residues on the side of the docking Cys and dispensable charged residues on the other side, and (d) fits complementary to the substrate cleft of Mia40 via hydrophobic interactions of micromolar affinity. We rationalize the dual function of Mia40 as a receptor and an oxidase in a two step–specific mechanism: an ITS-guided sliding step orients the substrate noncovalently, followed by docking of the substrate Cys now juxtaposed to pair with the Mia40 active Cys.
Effect of growth base pressure on the thermoelectric properties of indium antimonide nanowires
Authors: Zhou Feng , Moore Arden L , Pettes Michael T , Lee Yong , Seol Jae Hun , Ye Qi Laura , Rabenberg Lew , Shi Li
Published: December 2009

We report a study of the effect of the growth base pressure on the thermoelectric (TE) properties of indium antimonide (InSb) nanowires (NWs) synthesized using a vapour–liquid–solid method at different base pressures varying from ambient to high vacuum. A suspended device was used to characterize the TE properties of the NWs, which are zinc-blende structure with ⟨1 1 0⟩ growth direction based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization of the same NWs assembled on the suspended device. The obtained Seebeck coefficient is negative, with the magnitude being smaller than the literature bulk values and increasing with decreasing growth base pressure. These results are attributed to the loss of In from the source materials due to oxidation by residual oxygen in the growth environment and the consequent formation of Sb-doped NWs. The electron mobility and lattice thermal conductivity in the NWs are lower than the corresponding bulk values because of both surface scattering and stronger dopant scattering in the Sb-doped NWs. Based on these findings, it is suggested that growth from In-rich source materials can be used to achieve composition stoichiometry in the NWs so as to increase the Seebeck coefficient and TE figure of merit.
Landings profiles and potential métiers in Greek set longliners
Authors: Katsanevakis Stelios , Maravelias Christos D. , Kell Laurie T.
Published: December 2009

Katsanevakis, S., Maravelias, C. D., and Kell, L. T. 2010. Landings profiles and potential métiers in Greek set longliners. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 646–656. A very large number (>14 000) of generally small vessels operate as longliners in Greek seas. The aim of this study was to identify potential set longline métiers, based on a large sample of landings records from all over Greece. Landings data from set longliners between 2002 and 2006, collected from several ports in the Aegean and East Ionian Sea, were used. The landings profiles were grouped using a two-step procedure, the first involving factorial analysis of the log-transformed landing profiles, and the second a classification of the factorial coordinates (hierarchical agglomerative clustering). In all, 13 métiers were identified in the Aegean Sea and 7 in the Ionian Sea. The most important métiers identified were those targeting white sea bream (Diplodus sargus), hake (Merluccius merluccius), common sea bream (Pagrus pagrus), and common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus), and mixed métiers. Varying spatial (within the Aegean and Ionian Seas) and seasonal patterns were evident for the métiers identified, indicating that fisher motivation to engage in a specific métier varies both spatially and temporally.
The β‐tubulin gene TUBB2B is involved in a large spectrum of neuronal migration disorders
Authors: Uribe V
Published: December 2009

Mutations in the β‐tubulin gene TUBB2B result in asymmetrical polymicrogyria

Jaglin et al. (2009)

Nature Genetics 41: 746–752
E‐learning vs lecture: which is the best approach to surgical teaching?
Authors: Bhatti I. , Jones K. , Richardson L. , Foreman D. , Lund J. , Tierney G.
Published: December 2009

Aim  Most medical teaching is still delivered by traditional face‐to‐face interaction. E‐learning has the potential benefit of instilling deeper learning of topics by virtue of repeated and convenient access to content presented in a range of media. We aimed to evaluate objectively the benefit of educating medical students on a common surgical topic (haemorrhoids), through a website and podcast package vs a traditional lecture.

Method  Baseline knowledge was established by a questionnaire given to two different groups of third‐year medical students starting their first clinical attachment. Group A (n = 73) was given a lecture and group B (n = 75) was asked to use a website containing text and pictures augmented by a podcast. Students were reassessed using the same preintervention questionnaire, and satisfaction was acquired from details given in a feedback form.

Results  There was no difference in knowledge between the two groups at baseline. Both groups demonstrated significant gains in knowledge after intervention (P < 0.0001). Group B (Web/podcast) showed a significantly greater increase in knowledge (P < 0.05) than group A (lecture). Preintervention subjective assessment of knowledge rated by the students showed no difference between the groups. Both groups of students were equally satisfied with the educational method.

Conclusion  E‐learning supplemented with a podcast results in greater knowledge acquisition when compared with a traditional lecture, without a loss of satisfaction with teaching. Using augmented Web‐based educational tools reduces demands on teaching time with no decrease in quality for selected parts of the curriculum.
SPC: Fast and Efficient Scalable Predictive Coding of Animated Meshes
Authors: Stefanoski Nikolče , Ostermann Jörn
Published: December 2009

Animated meshes are often represented by a sequence of static meshes with constant connectivity. Due to their frame‐based representation they usually occupy a vast amount of bandwidth or disk space. We present a fast and efficient scalable predictive coding (SPC) scheme for frame‐based representations of animated meshes. SPC decomposes animated meshes in spatial and temporal layers which are efficiently encoded in one pass through the animation. Coding is performed in a streamable and scalable fashion. Dependencies between neighbouring spatial and temporal layers are predictively exploited using the already encoded spatio‐temporal neighbourhood. Prediction is performed in the space of rotation‐invariant coordinates compensating local rigid motion. SPC supports spatial and temporal scalability, and it enables efficient compression as well as fast encoding and decoding. Parts of SPC were adopted in the MPEG‐4 FAMC standard. However, SPC significantly outperforms the streaming mode of FAMC with coding gains of over 33%, while in comparison to the scalable FAMC, SPC achieves coding gains of up to 15%. SPC has the additional advantage over FAMC of achieving real‐time encoding and decoding rates while having only low memory requirements. Compared to some other non‐scalable state‐of‐the‐art approaches, SPC shows superior compression performance with gains of over 16% in bit‐rate.
The Safety and Efficacy of Continuous Transcranial Duplex Doppler Monitoring of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Acute Stroke Patients: Comparison of TCDD and Thrombolysis in MCA Recanalization
Authors: Šaňák Daniel , Herzig Roman , Školoudík David , Horák David , Zapletalová Jana , Köcher Martin , Kaňovský Petr
Published: December 2009

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Assess the safety and efficacy of the continuous transcranial duplex Doppler (TCDD) monitoring of middle cerebral artery (MCA) (M1‐2) occlusion in acute ischemic stroke (IS) patients and compare TCDD to intra‐arterial thrombolysis (IAT) and intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).

METHODS

Forty consecutive acute IS patients were analyzed. Standard IVT was performed within 3 hours since stroke onset in 20 patients; between 3 and 6 hours continual 60 minute TCDD monitoring of occluded MCA using 2‐MHz probe was performed in 10 patients and IAT in 10 patients. Neurological deficit was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and clinical outcome using modified Rankin Scale. The incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), clinical outcomes, and recanalization rates were compared among TCDD, IVT, and IAT. Analysis of variance, Kruskal‐Wallis, and χ2 tests were used for statistical evaluation.

RESULTS

Incidence of sICH was 0% in TCDD group, 5% in IVT, and 20% in IAT (P= .198). Good 90‐day clinical outcome (mRS 0‐2) was achieved in 70% of TCDD patients (P= .570); recanalization after TCDD was found in 60% of patients (IVT 45%, IAT 70%) (P= .185).

CONCLUSION

Continual TCDD monitoring might be safe and potentially beneficial in treatment of MCA occlusion.
Adipophilin protein expression in muscle – a possible protective role against insulin resistance
Authors: de Wilde Janneke , Smit Egbert , Snepvangers Frank J. M. , de Wit Nicole W. J. , Mohren Ronny , Hulshof Martijn F. M. , Mariman Edwin C. M.
Published: December 2009

Adipophilin is a 50 kDa protein that belongs to the PAT family (perilipin, adipophilin, TIP47, S3‐12 and OXPAT), which comprises proteins involved in the coating of lipid droplets. Little is known about the functional role of adipophilin in muscle. Using the C2C12 cell line as a model, we demonstrate that palmitic acid‐treated cells highly express the adipophilin protein in a dose‐dependent way. Next, we show that oleic acid is a more potent inducer of adipophilin protein levels than palmitic acid. Cells treated with oleic acid have a higher adipophilin protein expression and higher triglyceride levels but less impairment of insulin signaling than cells treated with palmitic acid. Additionally, we show that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)α, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ agonists all increase the expression of the adipophilin protein in C2C12 cells. This effect was most pronounced for the PPARα agonist GW7647. Furthermore, the expression of adipophilin as a 37 kDa N‐terminally truncated protein is higher in the gastrocnemius than in the quadriceps of C57BL/6J mice, especially after an 8‐week high‐fat diet. The expression of adipophilin was higher in the muscle of mice fed a 4‐week high‐fat diet based on olive oil or safflower oil than in mice fed a 4‐week high‐fat diet based on palm oil. After 2 weeks of intervention, plasma glucose, plasma insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index were lower in mice fed a 4‐week high‐fat diet based on olive oil or safflower oil than in mice fed a 4‐week high‐fat diet based on palm oil. Taken together, the results obtained in the present study indicate that adipophilin protein expression in muscle is involved in maintaining insulin sensitivity.
A Multicenter, Placebo‐Controlled, Double‐Blind, Randomized Study of Efficacy and Safety of Ocinaplon (DOV 273,547) in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Czobor Pál , Skolnick Phil , Beer Bernard , Lippa Arnold
Published: December 2009

Preclinical studies demonstrated that ocinaplon, a positive allosteric modulator of GABAAreceptors, possesses anxiolytic‐like actions at doses devoid of the side effects typically associated with benzodiazepines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ocinaplon in a multicenter, double‐blind proof‐of‐concept trial of male and female outpatients who met DSM‐IV criteria for GAD with no coexisting depression, and had a baseline score of ≥20 on the Hamilton Scale for Anxiety (HAM‐A). Patients with <20% reduction in HAM‐A to placebo in a single‐blind 7‐day run‐in period were randomly assigned to treatment with ocinaplon 90 mg t.i.d. (n = 31) or placebo for 28 days (n = 29). Ocinaplon was more effective than placebo in reducing HAM‐A scores (P= 0.009). Patients assigned to ocinaplon exhibited a mean improvement of 14.2 points (SE = 2.6) on the total score of the HAM‐A scale at the conclusion of the trial, while patients assigned to placebo obtained a mean improvement of 6.3 points (SE = 2.0). A significant (P= 0.023) difference in improvement between ocinaplon and placebo was observed beginning at and continuing from 1‐week after the initiation of dosing. The proportion of patients with treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAE) was not statistically significant between ocinaplon and placebo. One serious adverse event (SAE) occurred in the ocinaplon group that was considered possibly related to study medication (icterus following transaminase elevations). The patient had preexisting medical conditions that may have contributed to this SAE. A full recovery was observed with no residual effects. The overall safety profile revealed no patterns of TEAEs, including those effects typically associated with other anxiolytic and/or benzodiazepine compounds, such as sedation. Ocinaplon appears to be a well‐tolerated and effective treatment for GAD. It produces a rapid onset of anxiolytic action absent the side effects (e.g., dizziness, sedation) typically reported following anxiolytic doses of benzodiazepines.
Sizing Inventory When Lead Time and Demand are Correlated
Authors: Wang Ping , Zinn Walter , Croxton Keely L.
Published: December 2009

Determining appropriate inventory levels has been a subject of interest for both researchers and practitioners. Standard practice is to treat lead time demand as a random sum of random numbers and rely on established probability theory to calculate both reorder point and safety stock levels. A key assumption in these calculations, however, is that lead time and demand are not correlated. In this paper, we first explore situations where this assumption is untrue and then develop equations to determine the reorder point and the safety stock when lead time and demand are correlated. More specifically, we (1) derive formulas for the average and variance of the demand in a lead time, which can then be used to calculate the reorder point and the safety stock, (2) apply these formulas to two distributions for which there is a closed‐form solution: normal and Poisson, and (3) examine the effect of correlation on safety stock requirements under the normal distribution.
A New Dynamic Programming Decomposition Method for the Network Revenue Management Problem with Customer Choice Behavior
Authors: Kunnumkal Sumit , Topaloglu Huseyin
Published: December 2009

In this paper, we propose a new dynamic programming decomposition method for the network revenue management problem with customer choice behavior. The fundamental idea behind our dynamic programming decomposition method is to allocate the revenue associated with an itinerary among the different flight legs and to solve a single‐leg revenue management problem for each flight leg in the airline network. The novel aspect of our approach is that it chooses the revenue allocations by solving an auxiliary optimization problem that takes the probabilistic nature of the customer choices into consideration. We compare our approach with two standard benchmark methods. The first benchmark method uses a deterministic linear programming formulation. The second benchmark method is a dynamic programming decomposition idea that is similar to our approach, but it chooses the revenue allocations in an ad hoc manner. We establish that our approach provides an upper bound on the optimal total expected revenue, and this upper bound is tighter than the ones obtained by the two benchmark methods. Computational experiments indicate that our approach provides significant improvements over the performances of the benchmark methods.
A Note on the Buckling of an Elastic Plate Under the Influence of Simple Shear Flow
Authors: Pozrikidis C. , Luo Haoxiang
Published: December 2009

The linear von Kármán equation describing the buckling of an elastic flat plate due to a distributed deformation-dependent load is discussed. It is shown that, in the case of buckling under the influence of an over-passing simple shear flow, a detailed hydrodynamic analysis of the disturbance flow due to the buckling is not necessary, and the eigensolutions can be determined exclusively from the stress field of the unperturbed simple shear flow. Corrections to previous results for a circular membrane patch are made.
A Hybrid Nonlinear Adaptive Tracking Controller for a Resonating Fiber Microscanner
Authors: Smithwick Quinn Y. J. , Vagners Juris , Johnston Richard S. , Seibel Eric J.
Published: December 2009

A robust hybrid tracking controller for a nonlinear resonating fiber microscanner is developed and implemented to remove scan distortions—toroid and swirl. Using offline batch feedback, a nonlinear search, and simulated regulation, an adaptive controller iteratively finds system parameters that cause an online open-loop feedback linearized plant-inversion controller to robustly and accurately track a spiral scan with a high-speed flyback region. This offline adaptive feedback/online open-loop hybrid approach removes the need for miniature sensors and high-speed real-time controllers in situ.
Virtual Vibration Measurement Using KLT Motion Tracking Algorithm
Authors: Morlier Joseph , Michon Guilhem
Published: December 2009

This paper presents a practical framework and its applications of motion tracking algorithms applied to structural dynamics. Tracking points (“features”) across multiple images are a fundamental operation in many computer vision applications. The aim of this work is to show the capability of computer vision (CV) for estimating the dynamic characteristics of two mechanical systems using a noncontact, markerless, and simultaneous single input multiple output analysis. Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi trackers are used as virtual sensors on mechanical systems’ video from a high speed camera. First we introduce the paradigm of virtual sensors in the field of modal analysis using video processing. To validate our method, a simple experiment is proposed: an Oberst beam test with harmonic excitation (mode 1). Then with the example of a helicopter blade, frequency response functions’ (FRFs) reconstruction is carried out by introducing several signal processing enhancements (filtering and smoothing). The CV experimental results (frequencies and mode shapes) are compared with the classical modal approach and the finite element model (FEM) showing high correlation. The main interest of this method is that displacements are simply measured using only video at fps respecting the Nyquist frequency.
Analytical Coupled Modeling and Model Validation of Hydraulic On/Off Valves
Authors: Mahrenholz John , Lumkes John
Published: December 2009

The goal of this paper is to describe a method for modeling high speed on/off valves. This model focuses on the nonlinearities of the electromagnetic, fluidic, and mechanical domains, specifically within solenoid driven poppet style valves. By including these nonlinearities, the model accurately predicts valve transition time for different driving voltages and valve strokes. The model also predicts fluid transients such as pressure ripple. Unique attributes of the model are the inclusion of the effect of eddy currents and fringing while still being fully coupled with the fluid and mechanical domains. A prototype was constructed and used to experimentally validate the model. By developing accurate lumped parameter models, valve dynamics can be applied to hydraulic systems to accurately capture their dynamics.
Computation of Stability Margins for Uncertain Linear Fractional-Order Systems
Authors: Nataraj P. S. V. , Kalla Rambabu
Published: December 2009

The present paper proposes an algorithm for finding the stability margins and cross over frequencies for an uncertain fractional-order system using the interval constraint propagation technique. It is first shown that the problem of finding the stability margins and crossover frequencies can be formulated as an interval constraint satisfaction problem and then solved using the branch and prune algorithm. The algorithm guarantees that the stability margins and the crossover frequencies are computed to the prescribed accuracy. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated on a noninductive cable system and also on a practical application of a gas turbine plant.
Active Position and Vibration Control of a Flexible Links Mechanism Using Model-Based Predictive Control
Authors: Boscariol Paolo , Gasparetto Alessandro , Zanotto Vanni
Published: December 2009

In order to develop an efficient and fast position control for robotic manipulators, vibration phenomena have to be taken into account. Vibrations are mainly caused by the flexibility of manipulator linkages, especially when dealing with high-speed and lightweight robots. In this paper, a constrained model-based predictive control is employed for controlling both position and vibrations in a mechanism with high link flexibility. This kind of controller has so far been used mainly to control slow processes, but here simulation results that show its effectiveness in dealing with high-speed and nonlinear processes are presented. The mechanism chosen to evaluate the performances is a four-link closed chain mechanism laying on the horizontal plane and driven by a single torque-controlled electric motor.
Lateral Vibration and Read/Write Head Servo Dynamics in Magnetic Tape Transport
Authors: Brake M. R. , Wickert J. A.
Published: December 2009

Magnetic tape is a flexible mechanical structure having dimensions that are orders of magnitude different in its thickness, width, and length directions. In order to position the tape relative to the read/write head, guides constrain the tape’s lateral motion, but even the modest forces that develop during guiding can cause wear and damage to the tape’s edges. This paper presents a tensioned axially-moving viscoelastic Euler–Bernoulli beam model used to simulate the tape’s lateral dynamics, the guiding forces, and the position error between the data tracks and the read/write head. Lateral vibration can be excited by disturbances in the form of pack runout, flange impacts, precurvature of the tape in its natural unstressed state, and spiral stacking as tape winds onto the take-up pack. The guide model incorporates nonlinear characteristics including preload and deadbands in displacement and restoring force. A tracking servo model represents the ability of the read/write head’s actuator to track disturbances in the tape’s motion, and the actuator’s motion couples through friction with the tape’s vibration. Low frequency excitation arising from pack runout can excite high frequency position error because of the nonlinear characteristics of the guides and impacts against the pack’s flanges. The contact force developed between the tape and the packs’ flanges can be minimized without significantly increasing the position error by judicious selection of the flanges’ taper angle.
Which Observations Should We Believe?: An Activity Using the Pulfrich Pendulum
Authors: Touger Jerold
Published: December 2009

Illusionists use mirrors to create appearances that conflict with our notions of reality. This paper discusses an activity involving the Pulfrich effect that, in the end, makes use of a mirror to distinguish between appearance and reality.
Introducing the USAYPT — Do research in your high school then debate your results with other schools
Authors: Oldaker Bruce G. , Jacobs Greg , Bibilashvili Tengiz
Published: December 2009

We introduce the USAYPT—the United States Association for Young Physicists Tournaments, Inc. Our motto is “Better teaching and learning by doing research in your high school.” We believe that all high school teachers can improve their knowledge of physics by forming small groups that perform non-trivial—but not cutting edge—research. In order to drive that process, the USAYPT sponsors a yearly tournament at which student teams hold debates over the results of their teacher-guided research into four nontrivial physics problems.
The new three “R”s
Authors: Blanton Patricia
Published: December 2009

Rigor, relevance, and relationships are the current buzz words used to encourage teachers to require that students do more than memorize, to connect the subject matter to things important to students, and to build relationships in an environment that encourages excellence. Sharing experiences that have happened to you, in which your knowledge of physics helped you make better decisions, is one way to accomplish these goals. Here is an example of something that happened to me that may give you an idea of how to use your experiences with your students.
Comparative production of ligninolytic enzymes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Polyporus sanguineus
Authors: Bajwa Paramjit Kaur , Arora Daljit Singh
Published: December 2009

The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of a wide range of culture conditions on production of ligninolytic enzymes by Polyporus sanguineus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium . Lignin peroxidase production by P. sanguineus was comparable with that of P. chrysosporium, although the culture conditions giving the highest yield varied greatly between the two fungi. Highest yield of manganese peroxidase by P. sanguineus obtained in 0.5% malt extract medium and peptone or malt extract supplemented mineral salts broth could not be surpassed by P. chrysosporium in any of the optimization experiments. In addition to lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase, P. sanguineus also produced laccase, which was best expressed in malt extract medium supplemented with sugarcane bagasse.