bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of risk factors between people with type 2 diabetes and matched controls in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Manyara Anthony Muchai , Mwaniki Elizabeth , Gray Cindy M. , Gill Jason M. R.
Published: June 2021

Objective

To identify risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Nairobi, Kenya.

Methods

A case–control study comparing 70 (53% women) recently diagnosed T2D cases with age‐, sex‐ and socioeconomic status‐matched normoglycemic controls (1:1). Objectively measured data were obtained on anthropometrics, handgrip strength and physical activity (by accelerometer). Self‐reported data were collected on demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors. Logistic regression models, adjusted for covariates, were used to analyse the data.

Results

Each standard deviation (SD) increase in height was associated with lower odds for T2D (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.34 (95% confidence intervals [CIs] 0.17, 0.66),P = 0.0031). Fat‐free mass was inversely associated with T2D (AOR = 0.42 (95% CI 0.24, 0.75),P = 0.0032, per SD increase). Grip strength was associated with a lower risk of T2D (AOR = 0.20 (95% CI 0.08, 0.45),P < 0.001, per SD increase). BMI was not associated with T2D, but higher waist‐to‐hip ratio was associated higher odds of T2D (AOR = 2.28 (95% CI 1.38, 3.79),P = 0.0014, per SD increase). Physical activity was not associated with T2D. Cases reported higher intakes of fruits and vegetables and a lower intake of sugar than controls.

Conclusions

Central obesity, rather than BMI, may have more utility for T2D risk stratification in Kenya, and interventions that increase muscle mass and strength, as well as support weight loss, may be useful for T2D prevention in this and other SSA populations. However, more evidence is needed to determine whether low muscle mass, strength and height are causally related to T2D risk and/or are indicators of adverse early‐life environment.
Anticipating Technology‐Enabled Care at home
Authors: Reid Louise
Published: June 2021

The spread and growth of ubiquitous smart technology to deliver public health outcomes, particularly within/at home, urgently requires greater scholarly attention. This paper uses data from interviews with professionals in Scotland who are designing and implementing Technology‐Enabled Care (TEC) for current and future homes. Theoretically informed by both critical geographies of home and futures scholarship, this paper presents a three‐part framework – “homes‐that‐are,” “homes‐that‐ought,” and “homes‐to‐be” – to explore the techno‐solutionist accounts of home, bringing to bear the messiness and complexity of home, both its conceptualisation and experience. It highlights prediction as an emerging form of anticipatory practice, generating new questions and conceptualisations about the openness of futures. Moreover, it demonstrates the importance of understanding the underlying assumptions of those who make decisions when planning for future TEC and housing; about who they imagine they are planning for, and how diverse these futures are.
Implications of foreign direct investment, capital formation and its structure for global value chains
Authors: Adarov Amat , Stehrer Robert
Published: June 2021

In the age of globalisation, international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) have become integral elements of cross‐country production sharing. In this paper, we empirically assess the impact of FDI, as well as capital dynamics and structure on the formation of global value chains (GVC) at country and sectoral levels based on a sample of European countries over the period 2000–2014. We find a strong impact of FDI and capital accumulation on GVC participation: inward FDI is especially conducive to the formation of backward GVC linkages, while outward FDI facilitates forward GVC participation, especially in high‐tech manufacturing sectors. A particularly robust positive impact of FDI and capital accumulation on GVC integration is identified in the textile and clothing industry. While capital accumulation in general intensifies cross‐border production sharing for most sectors, ICT capital is especially instrumental for backward GVC integration of electrical equipment, transport equipment and chemicals sectors.
Saving us from the Digital Dark Age: the Austrian perspective
Authors: Trognitz Martina
Published: June 2021

In Austria, archaeological research and excavation practice is shaped by a legislative framework and institutional actors. Besides the institutions, the role of private archaeological contractors has grown in the last decade and recently non-commercial associations have been founded. According to the Austrian Monument Protection Act, the Federal Monuments Authority issues permits for any archaeological excavation or survey activity. Documentation and preservation of physical material are regulated by the Monument Protection Act as well as by dedicated guidelines published by the Federal Monuments Authority. With the recent increased use of digital methods, the importance of preserving and disseminating digital data has risen. Although the Austrian government pursues a digitisation agenda including the promotion of Open Science, the availability of repositories suitable for long-term preservation of digital data does not meet the requirements arising from the ever-increasing amount of data.
Digital Archiving in Archaeology: The State of the Art. Introduction
Authors: Richards Julian D. , Jakobsson Ulf , Novák David , Štular Benjamin , Wright Holly
Published: June 2021

The articles in this special issue demonstrate significant differences in digital archiving capacity in different countries. In part these reflect differences in the history of archaeology in each country, its relationship to the state, whether it is centralised or decentralised, state-led or commercially driven. They also reflect some of the different attitudes to archaeology across the world, most recently explored in a survey conducted under the auspices of the NEARCH project. They reflect a snapshot in time, but our aim is to record the current state-of-the-art in each country, to inform knowledge, stimulate discussion, and to provoke change.
The Hungarian Archaeology Database
Authors: Kreiter Attila
Published: June 2021

In Hungary certain site documents, such as Preliminary Archaeological Documentation (PAD), 30-day report and 1-year report, have to be submitted to centralised institutions. The content and format of these documents are regulated, facilitating their digital archiving and accessibility. However, further documents (inventories, databases, scientific assessments, interdisciplinary analysis, photos, drawings, etc.), which are mainly created by the museum that carried out the excavation, may not end up in the designated repositories. Instead, these documents are stored in the local museums that carried out the excavations and/or where the finds are kept.

It is a major problem that there is no officially-appointed, centralised hard copy and/or digital repository in Hungary where all site documents are stored and made accessible. In this respect, there are millions of files stored in museums all over the country that are neither used nor reused and are not accessible, and without the archaeological community, or even central institutions, being aware of them. Another problem is that digital archiving of archaeological documents is not regulated either on a national or local level.

The only repository that includes both metadata and documents in Hungary is the Archaeology Database of the National Museum. This database provides a solution for depositing digital documents, and it could serve as a national repository where documents can be stored and accessed online in one place (through access levels). However, submitting digital documents to the archaeology database is unregulated and it is completely voluntary. The archaeology database has the potential to assist archiving on a national level should it become compulsory to submit documents to it, as its structure was designed in accordance with the protocols and it hosts documents.
Retarded solid state dewetting of thin bismuth films with oxide capping layer
Authors: Wansorra Constantin , Donner Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

We present a study of the impeding influence of a capping, native oxide layer on the solid state dewetting of thin bismuth films on silicon(111) in vacuum. We study the temperature dependence of the film thickness and strain of the thin films through the analysis of crystal truncation rods of clean and capped bismuth films. This analysis reveals a dewetting temperature difference of 40°C between capped and uncapped films. The results are supported by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. Furthermore, a model for the retarding effect of the oxide layer and the final shape of the thin film is presented.
REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS
Authors: Fulop Sean A.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website.
Interaural delay modulates the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex induced by binaural gap in humans
Authors: Lei Ming , Ding Yu
Published: June 2021

This study used prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex as a physiological measure to determine the sensitivity to a break in interaural correlation (BIC) in binaural gap detection and compared this physiological measure with the traditional behavioral measure. Results show that BIC could be used as a prepulse to induce PPI at different interaural delays. Furthermore, the PPIs induced by BIC at an interaural delay of 4 ms, but not 0, 2, or 8 ms, were correlated with the BIC delay threshold. These findings suggest that the BIC-induced PPI paradigm may serve as an objective measure of binaural gap detection.
Wave transmission and vibration response in periodically stiffened plates using a free wave approach
Authors: Jeon Jisu , Ih Jeong-Guon , Brunskog Jonas
Published: June 2021

There are various structures constructed with periodically stiffened thin plates. Vibration prediction of such structures is not easy compared to the structures comprised of uniform plates only due to the mathematical complexity stemmed from the periodic nature. This study provides the analytic method to predict the wave transmission at junctions connecting two semi-infinite periodic structures and the response of a finite periodic structure to an external harmonic point force. The same theoretical framework is employed for dealing with both phenomena. First, free wave solutions are obtained by solving the governing equation for the bending motion of a periodically stiffened, infinite plate using the spatial Fourier Transform and the Floquet's theorem. Then, the free wave solutions are linearly superposed, and the linear coefficients are calculated by applying the appropriate boundary conditions. Numerical simulation is conducted. In dealing with the periodic finite structure, the result is compared with that by the finite element analysis. It is revealed that the periodic nature of the structures affects both the energy transmission and the vibration response of the periodically stiffened plates.
Yorkie drives Ras-induced tumor progression by microRNA-mediated inhibition of cellular senescence
Authors: Ito Takao , Igaki Tatsushi
Published: June 2021

Loss of cell polarity overcomes Ras-induced cellular senescence to drive tumorigenesis in flies.
Rapid Glutamate Decarboxylase Assay for Detection of Escherichia coli
Authors: Rice E W , Johnson C H , Dunnigan M E , Reasoner D J
Published: June 2021

Volume 59, no. 12, p. 4347, column 1, line 3 from bottom: "500 x g" should read "2,500 x g." [This corrects the article on p. 4347 in vol. 59.].
Specificity of Reductive Dehalogenation of Substituted ortho-Chlorophenols by Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans JW/IU-DC1
Authors: Utkin I , Dalton D D , Wiegel J
Published: June 2021

Volume 61, no. 1, abstract, lines 4 and 5: "2,6-dichloro-4-R-phenols, where . . ." should read "2,6-dichloro-4-R-phenols (2,6-DCl-4-RPs, where R is -H, -F, -Cl, -NO(inf2), -CO(inf2)(sup-), or -COOCH(inf3)) . . ." Line 6: ". . . bromophenols (2-BrP, 2,6-DBrP, and 2-Br-4ClP)" should read ". . . the bromophenols 2-BrP, 2,6-DBrP, and 2-Br-4-ClP." [This corrects the article on p. 346 in vol. 61.].
TLR4-Endothelin Axis Controls Syncytiotrophoblast Motility and Confers Fetal Protection in Placental Malaria
Authors: Pandya Yash , Marta Alexander , Barateiro André , Bandeira Carla Letícia , Dombrowski Jamille Gregório , Costa João , Marinho Cláudio Romero Farias , Penha-Gonçalves Carlos
Published: June 2021

Pregnancy-associated malaria is often associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Placental circulatory impairments are an intriguing and unsolved component of malaria pathophysiology.
Institutionally Chartered Data and Safety Monitoring Boards: Structured Approaches to Assuring Participant Safety in Clinical Research
Authors: Holbein Blair , Rape Marie T , Hammack Barbara N , Melvin Ann , Reider Carson , Knox Tamsin A
Published: June 2021

Data and Safety Monitoring Boards (DSMBs) derived from the need to monitor large federally funded multi-center clinical trials and evolved to include commercial and other large and complex trials. Eventually, academic health centers also created institutionally focused trial monitoring mechanisms. The basic general principles that define traditional DSMBs extend to the institutional level. The primary responsibilities are assuring safety of the participants, preserving the integrity of the trial, and ensuring the reliability of the results. Institutionally chartered DSMBs meet these responsibilities but usually have fewer members, have a structure specific to the needs of the trial, are more focused and/or have different scope reviewing smaller, single site, higher risk, and investigator-initiated studies and are flexible to accommodate institution-specific requirements and approaches. Their purpose is to meet the responsibilities of oversight for safety and data integrity, ensure proper study design, rigor and conduct, as well as provide statistical support appropriate to the setting of the research. Academic health centers should recognize the importance and existence of institution level safety and data monitoring and provide support as much as possible. Investigators should have sufficient resources available to assemble DSMBs. The Clinical and Translational Science Awards Collaborative DSMB Workgroup provides an online manual to assist investigators.
Electronic cigarette use intensity measurement challenges and regulatory implications
Authors: Soule Eric , Bansal-Travers Maansi , Grana Rachel , McIntosh Scott , Price Simani , Unger Jennifer B , Walton Kevin
Published: June 2021

Assessing tobacco use intensity allows researchers to examine tobacco use in greater detail than assessing ever or current use only. Tobacco use intensity measures have been developed that are specific to tobacco products, such as asking smokers to report number of cigarettes smoked per day. However, consensus on electronic cigarette use intensity measures that can be used for survey research has yet to be established due to electronic cigarette product and user behavior heterogeneity. While some survey measures that attempt to assess electronic cigarette use intensity exist, such as examining number of ‘times’ using an electronic cigarette per day, number of puffs taken from an electronic cigarette per day, volume of electronic cigarette liquid consumed per day, or nicotine concentration of electronic cigarette liquid, most measures have limitations. Challenges in electronic cigarette measurement often stem from variations across electronic cigarette device and liquid characteristics as well as the difficulty that many electronic cigarette users have regarding answering questions about their electronic cigarette device, liquid, or behavior. The inability for researchers to measure electronic cigarette use intensity accurately has important implications such as failing to detect unintended consequences of regulatory policies. Development of electronic cigarette use intensity measures, though not without its challenges, can improve understanding of electronic cigarette use behaviors and associated health outcomes and inform development of regulatory policies.
Seepage through a circular geomembrane hole when covered by fine-grained tailings under filter incompatible conditions
Authors: Fan Jiying , Rowe R. Kerry
Published: June 2021

Experiments are conducted to quantify leakage through a circular geomembrane (GMB) hole using two subgrades (underliners) not meeting modern filter criteria. Test results show that a 1.9- and 5.0-fold increase in hole diameter causes a 1.8- and 6.2-fold increase in leakage, respectively, whereas a 2-fold increase in GMB thickness results in an approximate 10% decrease in leakage. For a constant hydrostatic effective stress, a 2- and 3-fold increase in water head above the GMB leads to a 1.8- and 2.5-fold increase in leakage, respectively. Higher leakage arising from the intrusion of subgrade materials through the hole is quantified. A numerical model, considering the localized concentration of head loss around the hole and the consequent heterogeneity in hydraulic conductivity due to the seepage force, is presented. The percent of head loss within the hole and from the hole to any position above the GMB is independent of loading conditions and only influenced by the GMB thickness and hole diameter. Finally, empirical equations for predicting leakage through a circular GMB hole in tailings storage applications are proposed. Compared with published equations that do not consider consolidation induced heterogeneity in hydraulic conductivity, the proposed equation (which does consider these factors) gives a more accurate prediction for the cases examined.
Parallelized finite element modelling of unreinforced concrete masonry infills bounded by reinforced concrete (RC) frames
Authors: Rahimi Reza , Liu Yi , Fenton Gordon A.
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the implementation of a new parallelized finite element technique for modelling the in-plane behaviour of concrete masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames using the disturbed stress field method (DSFM). The new technique, referred to as the vectorized and parallelized finite element method (VPFEM), was developed with a key feature of significantly accelerating finite element model run speed using parallel computing algorithms. In this paper, the DSFM modelling details and its implementation in the VPFEM are presented. The iterative analysis required by the DSFM was performed using parallel computing techniques to achieve acceleration using graphical processing units (GPUs). A comparison with experimental results shows that the DSFM is able to accurately predict the behaviour, ultimate load, and cracking pattern of masonry infilled RC frames. The run speed acceleration achieved by the VPFEM when implemented on GPUs is demonstrated to be significant.
Cardiopulmonary values and organ blood flows before and during heat stress: data in nine subjects at rest in the upright position
Authors: Brochu Pierre , Ménard Jessie , Marchand Axelle , Haddad Sami
Published: June 2021

Physiological changes associated with thermoregulation can influence the kinetics of chemicals in the human body such as alveolar ventilation (VA) and redistribution of blood flow to organs. In this study, the influence of heat stress on various physiological parameters was evaluated in nine male volunteers during sessions of exposure to wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGT) of 21, 25, and 30 °C for 4 h. Skin and core temperatures and more than 20 cardiopulmonary parameters were measured. Liver, kidneys, brain, skin, and muscles blood flows were also determined based on published measurements. Results show that most subjects (eight out of nine) have been affected by the inhalation of hot and dry air at the WBGT of 30 °C. High respiratory rates, superficial tidal volumes, and low VA values were notably observed. The skin blood flow increased by 2.16-fold, whereas the renal blood flow and liver blood flow decreased by about by 11% and 18%, respectively. A complete set of key cardiopulmonary parameters in healthy male adults before and during heat stress was generated for use in physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. A toxicokinetic studies are ongoing to evaluate the impact of heat stress on the absorption, biotransformation and excretion rates of volatile xenobiotics.
Quantum phase transitions on the hexagonal lattice
Authors: Smith Dominik , Buividovich Pavel , Körner Michael , Ulybyshev Maksim , von Smekal Lorenz
Published: June 2021

Hubbard-type models on the hexagonal lattice are of great interest, as they provide realistic descriptions of graphene and other related materials. Hybrid Monte Carlo simulations offer a first-principles approach to study their phase structure. Here, we review the present status of our work in this direction.
Notes on “infinite number of conservation laws and Darboux transformations for a 6-field integrable lattice system” [Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 33 (2019) 1950147]
Authors: Zhang Ning , Xu Xi-Xiang
Published: June 2021

We show that the Darboux transformation in “Infinite number of conservation laws and Darboux transformations for a 6-field integrable lattice system” [Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 33 (2019) 1950147] is incorrect, and construct a correct Darboux transformation.
Entanglement concentration for six-particle cluster states
Authors: Li Meiqi , Tan Xiaoqing , Song Tingting
Published: June 2021

Multi-particle cluster states play a significant role in quantum information processing. However, due to the inevitable interaction with the environment in the transmission process, the fidelity of entanglement decreases. To distill the perfect cluster states, we present two schemes for arbitrary six-particle cluster states. POVM local unitary operators that are obtained by solving the equation according to the properties of cluster states are used in the first protocol. The second protocol is based on cross-Kerr nonlinearity which is exploited to check parity between original qubit with ancillary single qubit and it can achieve a higher probability of success through iteration. Furthermore, we can generalize the first method to concentrate entanglement on even number of particles. Our protocol will be useful in practical applications.
The Möbius function of PSL(3,2p) for any prime p
Authors: Borello Martino , Dalla Volta Francesca , Zini Giovanni
Published: June 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be the simple group [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a prime number. For any subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], we compute the Möbius function [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] in the subgroup lattice of [Formula: see text]. To this aim, we describe the intersections of maximal subgroups of [Formula: see text]. We point out some connections of the Möbius function with other combinatorial objects, and, in this context, we compute the reduced Euler characteristic of the order complex of the subposet of [Formula: see text]-subgroups of [Formula: see text], for any prime [Formula: see text] and any prime power [Formula: see text].
On classification of genus g knots which admit a (1,1)-decomposition
Authors: Eudave-Muñoz Mario , Manjarrez-Gutiérrez Fabiola , Ramírez-Losada Enrique
Published: June 2021

Given an oriented minimal genus Seifert surface [Formula: see text] for a [Formula: see text]-knot [Formula: see text] it is possible to surger [Formula: see text] along annuli to obtain a simple minimal Seifert surface[Formula: see text] . Such a surface can be put in a very nice position with respect to the [Formula: see text]-position of the knot [Formula: see text]. Using this kind of surfaces we give a description of a [Formula: see text]-knot of genus [Formula: see text] as a vertical banding of [Formula: see text]-knots of genus smaller than [Formula: see text]. In addition, we show that any rational knot of genus [Formula: see text] is obtained as a vertical banding of [Formula: see text] genus one rational knots.
Quantum gravity phenomenology in the infrared
Authors: Freidel Laurent , Kowalski-Glikman Jerzy , Leigh Robert G. , Minic Djordje
Published: June 2021

Quantum gravity effects are traditionally tied to short distances and high energies. In this essay, we argue that, perhaps surprisingly, quantum gravity may have important consequences for the phenomenology of the infrared. We center our discussion around a conception of quantum gravity involving a notion of quantum spacetime that arises in metastring theory. This theory allows for an evolution of a cosmological Universe in which string-dual degrees of freedom decouple as the Universe ages. Importantly, such an implementation of quantum gravity allows for the inclusion of a fundamental length scale without introducing the fundamental breaking of Lorentz symmetry. The mechanism seems to have potential for an entirely novel source for dark matter/energy. The simplest observational consequences of this scenario may very well be residual infrared modifications that emerge through the evolution of the Universe.
Linear perturbations spectra for dynamical dark energy inspired by modified gravity
Authors: Escamilla-Rivera Celia , Hernández-Almada A. , García-Aspeitia Miguel A. , Motta V.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we study a particular modified gravity Equation of State (EoS), the so-called Jaime–Jaber–Escamilla, that emerges from the first gravity modified action principle and can reproduce three cosmological viable [Formula: see text] theories: the Starobinsky, Hu–Sawicki and Exponential models. This EoS is a suitable candidate to reproduce the dynamical dark energy behaviour already reconstructed by the current data sets. Based on the joint statistical analysis, we found that our results are still in good agreement (within [Formula: see text]) with the [Formula: see text]CDM, while at perturbative level, we note that the matter power spectrum normalisation factor [Formula: see text] shows an agreement with SDSS and SNeIa+IRAS at 1-[Formula: see text] for the Starobinsky model and with SDSS-vec for the Hu–Sawicki and Exponential models. Furthermore, we found that for the [Formula: see text] values, Starobinsky and Hu–Sawicki show the least tension in comparison with PL18 TT. All these aspects cannot be observed directly from other alternatives theories, where an equation of state is difficult to compute analytically.
USING FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM AND POLYNOMIAL FITTING ON DORSAL FOOT KINEMATICS DATA TO IDENTIFY SIMULATED ANKLE SPRAIN MOTIONS FROM COMMON SPORTING MOTIONS
Authors: FONG DANIEL T. P. , KO JACKY K. L. , YUNG PATRICK S. H.
Published: June 2021

Ankle sprain is very common in sports, and a commonly suggested etiology is the delayed peroneal muscle reaction time. Recent studies showed the successful attempts to deliver electrical stimulation to the peroneal muscles externally to initiate contraction before it could react, however, the success relies on a workable method to detect ankle sprain injury in time. This study presented a fast Fourier transform and polynomial fitting method with dorsal foot kinematics data for quick ankle sprain detection. Five males performed 100 simulated ankle sprain and 250 common sporting motion trials. Eight gyrometers recorded the three-dimensional angular velocities at 500[Formula: see text]Hz. Data were trimmed with a 0.11[Formula: see text]s window size, the suggested duration of preinjury phase in ankle sprain, and were transformed from time to frequency domain by fast Fourier transform and fitted with a fifth-order polynomial. First-order coefficients from polynomial fitting on frequency space were obtained. The method achieved 97.0% sensitivity and 91.4% specificity in identifying simulated sprains, vertical jump–landing, cutting, stepping-down, running, and walking motions, with vertical jump–landing excluded due to its relatively low specificity (67.3%). The method can be used to detect ankle sprain in sports with mainly floor movements and minimal vertical jump–landing motion.
Neural network interpolation operators activated by smooth ramp functions
Authors: Qian Yunyou , Yu Dansheng
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we introduce some neural network interpolation operators activated by smooth ramp functions. By using the smoothness of the ramp functions, we can give some useful estimates of the derivatives of the neural networks, which combining with some techniques in approximation theory enable us to establish the converse estimates of approximation by neural networks. We establish both the direct and the converse results of approximation by the new neural network operators defined by us, and thus give the essential approximation rate. To improve the approximation rate for functions of smoothness, we further introduce linear combinations of the new operators. The new combinations interpolate the objective function and its derivative. We also estimate the uniform convergence rate and simultaneous approximation rate by the new combinations.
Unit group of semisimple group algebras of some non-metabelian groups of order 120
Authors: Mittal Gaurav , Sharma R. K.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we give the characterization of the unit groups of semisimple group algebras of some non-metabelian groups of order [Formula: see text]. This study completes the study of unit groups of semisimple group algebras of all groups up to order [Formula: see text], except that of the symmetric group [Formula: see text] and groups of order [Formula: see text].
Differential subordinations for functions with positive real part using admissibility conditions
Authors: Sharma Meghna , Kumar Sushil , Jain Naveen Kumar
Published: June 2021

Some sufficient conditions on certain constants which are involved in some first and second-order differential subordinations associated with certain functions with positive real part like modified Sigmoid function, exponential function and Janowski function are obtained so that the analytic function [Formula: see text] normalized by the condition [Formula: see text], is subordinate to Janowski function. The admissibility conditions for Janowski function are used as a tool in the proof of the results. As application, several sufficient conditions are also computed for Janowski starlikeness.
Sharp lower bounds on the sum-connectivity index of quasi-tree graphs
Authors: Karimi Amir Taghi
Published: June 2021

The sum-connectivity index of a graph G is defined as the sum of weights [Formula: see text] over all edges [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the degrees of the vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], respectively. A graph [Formula: see text] is called quasi-tree, if there exists [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is a tree. In the paper, we give a sharp lower bound on the sum-connectivity index of quasi-tree graphs.
A conceptual model of hydrogeological function and perchlorate transfer in the unconfined Champagne Chalk aquifer (NE France)
Authors: Cao Feifei , Jaunat Jessy , Ollivier Patrick
Published: June 2021

Groundwater of the unconfined Chalk aquifer in Champagne-Ardenne (NE France) is contaminated by perchlorate (

ClO

4
−

), a persistent water-soluble anion. The Chalk aquifer is a crucial water resource of the region, with complex hydraulic properties. The presence of

ClO

4
−

is of concern due to its potential adverse human health effects. In France, three sources of

ClO

4
−

contamination are suspected: industrial, military and agricultural. Both a comprehensive understanding of hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer, and a sound knowledge of sources and behaviour of

ClO

4
−

in groundwater are required to allow the sustainable use of this groundwater resource. From data acquired during hydrogeological, geochemical, isotopic (

ClO

4
−

) and groundwater age (CFCs and SF
6
) studies, and historical investigations in a study area located east of Reims, a conceptual model of Chalk aquifer function and

ClO

4
−

transfer has been established. High spatio-temporal heterogeneities in the unconfined Chalk aquifer are discussed. Different correlations between

ClO

4
−

, major ions and groundwater-level fluctuations are shown and interpreted, highlighting main factors governing the Chalk groundwater geochemistry and

ClO

4
−

transfer mechanisms, including water-level fluctuation, groundwater residence time, thickness of the unsaturated zone, superficial formations, distribution of fissure networks, aquifer–river relationships, origin and location of

ClO

4
−

in soil and human activity.
Satellite Monitoring for Air Quality and Health
Authors: Holloway Tracey , Miller Daegan , Anenberg Susan , Diao Minghui , Duncan Bryan , Fiore Arlene M. , Henze Daven K. , Hess Jeremy , Kinney Patrick L. , Liu Yang , Neu Jessica L. , O'Neill Susan M. , Odman M. Talat , Pierce R. Bradley , Russell Armistead G. , Tong Daniel , West J. Jason , Zondlo Mark A.
Published: June 2021

Data from satellite instruments provide estimates of gas and particle levels relevant to human health, even pollutants invisible to the human eye. However, the successful interpretation of satellite data requires an understanding of how satellites relate to other data sources, as well as factors affecting their application to health challenges. Drawing from the expertise and experience of the 2016–2020 NASA HAQAST (Health and Air Quality Applied Sciences Team), we present a review of satellite data for air quality and health applications. We include a discussion of satellite data for epidemiological studies and health impact assessments, as well as the use of satellite data to evaluate air quality trends, support air quality regulation, characterize smoke from wildfires, and quantify emission sources. The primary advantage of satellite data compared to in situ measurements, e.g., from air quality monitoring stations, is their spatial coverage. Satellite data can reveal where pollution levels are highest around the world, how levels have changed over daily to decadal periods, and where pollutants are transported from urban to global scales. To date, air quality and health applications have primarily utilized satellite observations and satellite-derived products relevant to near-surface particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Health and air quality communities have grown increasingly engaged in the use of satellite data, and this trend is expected to continue. From health researchers to air quality managers, and from global applications to community impacts, satellite data are transforming the way air pollution exposure is evaluated.
Genetic Determinants of Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Xu Zihe , Hysi Pirro , Khawaja Anthony P.
Published: June 2021

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the cardinal and only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, the leading cause of irreparable blindness worldwide. Twin and family studies estimate the heritability of IOP to be 40–70%, and linkage studies for IOP have identified numerous loci. Mutations in MYOC can cause markedly elevated IOP and aggressive glaucoma often requiring surgical intervention. However, the majority of the genetic basis for raised IOP and glaucoma in populations is complex, and recent large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 100 common variants that contribute to IOP variation. In combination, these loci are predictive for primary open-angle glaucoma in independent populations, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 76% for high-pressure primary open-angle glaucoma; this suggests the possibility of targeted screening in the future. Additionally, GWAS findings have identified important biological pathways underlying IOP regulation, including lymphangiogenesis and lipid metabolism, providing novel targets for new therapies.
Aging of the Retina: Molecular and Metabolic Turbulences and Potential Interventions
Authors: Campello Laura , Singh Nivedita , Advani Jayshree , Mondal Anupam K. , Corso-Díaz Ximena , Swaroop Anand
Published: June 2021

Multifaceted and divergent manifestations across tissues and cell types have curtailed advances in deciphering the cellular events that accompany advanced age and contribute to morbidities and mortalities. Increase in human lifespan during the past century has heightened awareness of the need to prevent age-associated frailty of neuronal and sensory systems to allow a healthy and productive life. In this review, we discuss molecular and physiological attributes of aging of the retina, with a goal of understanding age-related impairment of visual function. We highlight the epigenome–metabolism nexus and proteostasis as key contributors to retinal aging and discuss lifestyle changes as potential modulators of retinal function. Finally, we deliberate promising intervention strategies for promoting healthy aging of the retina for improved vision.
Studying the Effect of Stray Capacitance on the Measurement Accuracy of the CVT Based on the Boundary Element Method
Authors: Xiang Chuan , Chen Xinwei , Zhao Hongge , Ren Zejun , Zhao Guoqing
Published: June 2021

The capacitive voltage transformer (CVT) is a special measuring and protecting device, which is commonly applied in high‐voltage power systems. Its measurement accuracy is affected seriously by the stray capacitances of the capacitance voltage divider (CVD) to ground and other charged parts. In this study, based on the boundary element method, a mathematical model was established firstly to calculate the stray capacitance. Then, the voltage distribution of the CVD was obtained by the CVD’s equivalent circuit model. Next, the effect of stray capacitance on the voltage distribution and the voltage difference ratio (VDR) of CVD was analysed in detail. We finally designed three types of shield and optimized their structure parameters to reduce VDR. The results indicated that the average deviation rate between calculated and experimental measured voltages is only 0.015%; that is to say, the method has high calculation precision. The stray capacitance of the CVD to ground is far larger than that of the CVD to the high‐voltage terminal. It results in the inhomogeneous distribution of voltage and the increase of VDR. For the test CVT, its VDR exceeds the requirement of class 0.2. Among all of the three types of shield, the C type reduced the VDR of the test CVT the most. After optimizing the structure parameters of C‐type shield, the VDR is further reduced to 0.08%. It is not only in accord with the requirement of class 0.2 but also has an adequate margin.
LncRNA H19 Upregulation Participates in the Response of Glioma Cells to Radiation
Authors: Kuang Yanbei , Bing Zhitong , Jin Xiaodong , Li Qiang
Published: June 2021

Previous studies have indicated that radiation resistance of glioma is one of the leading causes of radiotherapy failure. Mounting evidence suggests that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in regulating radiosensitivity of cancer cells via implicating in various cell processes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and need further study, especially at the molecular level. We found that the expression level of lncRNA H19 was elevated by radiation, and then, the modulation of H19 affected the resistant of glioma cells to X‐rays. Dual‐luciferase reporter analyses showed that H19 was transcriptionally activated by CREB1 in glioma cells after irradiation. In addition, both flow cytometry and 5‐ethynyl‐2 ′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay suggested that H19 was involved in the cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA synthesis to modulate the radiation response of glioma cells and influenced their radioresistance. Therefore, H19 might play a crucial role in enhancing the radioresistance of glioma.
Invariant Analysis, Analytical Solutions, and Conservation Laws for Two-Dimensional Time Fractional Fokker-Planck Equation
Authors: Maarouf Nisrine , Hilal Khalid
Published: June 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to apply the Lie symmetry analysis method for the two-dimensional time fractional Fokker-Planck (FP) equation in the sense of Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative. The Lie point symmetries are derived to obtain the similarity reductions and explicit solutions of the governing equation. By using the new conservation theorem, the new conserved vectors for the two-dimensional time fractional Fokker-Planck equation have been constructed with a detailed derivation. Finally, we obtain its explicit analytic solutions with the aid of the power series expansion method.
Scale Invariant Feature Transformation Algorithm-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Assisted Diagnosis of Patients with Stroke and Rehabilitation Nursing
Authors: Liu Guoying
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper was to explore the effects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis in the treatment and rehabilitation of stroke patients. 80 stroke patients admitted to hospital were selected for the experiment and divided randomly into a control group (group A) and an experimental group (group B), with 40 patients in each group. Patients in group B received MRI examination and rehabilitation training every month under their disease progresses, while patients in group A received routine rehabilitation training instead of MRI examination. The results showed that various indicators of patients, including Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed “Up&Go” test (TUG), 6-minute walking test (6MWT), modified Barthel index (MBI), and stroke-specific quality of life scale (SS-QOL), in group B were better than those in group A. It indicated that personalized rehabilitation training under MRI examination had a better effect on recovery of patients. Besides, the MRI images optimized by scale invariant feature transformation (SIFT) algorithm had better resolution, which were helpful for doctors’ diagnosis of disease. MBI scale and SS-QOL showed that the self-care ability and quality of life of patients in group B were better than those of group A. Therefore, the above results indicated that MRI diagnosis could accurately judge disease progress of patients to draw up personalized rehabilitation training plan, which had positive effects on promoting treatment and prognosis of stroke patients.
Predictive Value of Gray‐Matter–White‐Matter Ratio on Brain Computed Tomography for Delayed Encephalopathy after Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Shu Li , Ma Meng Mei , Lv Guang Wei , Zhang Meng , Du Yu Sen , Zhang Su Li , Feng Shun Yi , Li Yong , Zhang Yuan Yuan
Published: June 2021

Background. This study is aimed at determining the predictive value of the gray‐matter–white‐matter ratio (GWR) on brain computed tomography for delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning (DEACMP). Methods. This retrospective cohort study reviewed 352 patients with acute CO poisoning and who underwent the brain computed tomography test. These patients were admitted to Cangzhou Central Hospital from May 2010 to May 2020. The patients were divided into the DEACMP (n = 16) and non‐DEACMP (n = 336) groups. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were computed for correlation analysis. The predictive value of GWR for DEACMP was evaluated by using logistic regression analysis and receiver operator characteristic curves. Results. The morbidity of DEACMP was 4.5% (16/352). The GWR‐basal ganglia, GWR‐cerebrum, and GWR‐average in the DEACMP group were lower than those in the non‐DEACMP group. Correlation analysis indicated that GWR‐basal ganglia (r = 0.276; P < 0.001), GWR‐cerebrum (r = 0.163; P = 0.002), and GWR‐average (r = 0.200; P < 0.001) were correlated with DEACMP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that reduced GWR‐basal ganglia, GWR‐cerebrum, and GWR‐average were independent risk factors (P < 0.001; P = 0.008; P = 0.001; respectively). Compared with GWR‐cerebrum and GWR‐average, GWR‐basal ganglia had a higher area under the curve of 0.881 (95% confidence interval: 0.783–0.983) with sensitivity and specificity of 93.8% and 68.7%, respectively. The cut‐off value of GWR‐basal ganglia was 1.055. Conclusion. GWR, especially GWR‐basal ganglia, is an early useful predictor for DEACMP.
A Hybrid Method to Diagnose 3D Rotor Eccentricity Faults in Synchronous Generators Based on ALIF_PE and KFCM
Authors: Zhang Chao , He Chuang-Jin , Li Shuai , He Yu-Ling , Wang Xiao-Long , Liu Xiang-Yu , Cheng Lun
Published: June 2021

This paper proposed a new hybrid diagnosis method for the generator’s 3D static eccentricity faults which include the axial eccentricity, the radial eccentricity, and the mixed eccentricity composed of the former two. Firstly, adaptive local iterative filtering (ALIF) method was used to decompose the vibration signals of the generator under eccentricity faults. Then, in order to figure out the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components with the upmost feature information, the correlation coefficient was calculated. Finally, the components’ permutation entropy (PE) is extracted to construct the eigenvector matrix which can be used to input the kernel fuzzy C-means (KFCM) algorithm to obtain the result of clustering. The result indicates that the classification coefficient based on ALIF and KFCM behaves closer to 1, while the average fuzzy entropy (FE) is closer to 0, showing that this method is able to detect different eccentricity faults more accurately.
In Silico Drug Screening Analysis against the Overexpression of PGAM1 Gene in Different Cancer Treatments
Authors: Fareed Muhammad Mazhar , El-Esawi Mohamed A. , El-Ballat Enas M. , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Rauf Abdur , El-Demerdash Fatma M. , Alhumaydhi Fahad A. , Alsagaby Suliman A.
Published: June 2021

Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is considered as a novel target for multiple types of cancer drugs for the upregulation in tumor, cell prefoliation, and cell migration. During aerobic glycolysis, PGAM1 plays a critical role in cancer cell metabolism by catalyzing the conversion of 3‐phosphoglycerate (3PG) to 2‐phosphoglycerate (2PG). In this computational‐based study, the molecular docking approach was used with the best binding active sites of PGAM1 to screen 5,000 Chinese medicinal phytochemical library. The docking results were three ligands with docking score, RMSD‐refine, and residues. Docking scores were ‐16.57, ‐15.22, and ‐15.74. RMSD values were 0.87, 2.40, and 0.98, and binding site residues were Arg 191, Arg 191, Arg 116, Arg 90, Arg 10, and Tyr 92. The best compounds were subjected to ADMETsar, ProTox‐2 server, and Molinspiration analysis to evaluate the toxicological and drug likeliness potential of such selected compounds. The UCSF‐Chimera tool was used to visualize the results, which shows that the three medicinal compounds named N‐Nitrosohexamethyleneimine, Subtrifloralactone‐K, and Kanzonol‐N in chain‐A were successfully binding with the active pockets of PGAM1. The study might facilitate identifying the hit molecules that could be beneficial in the development of antidrugs against various types of cancer treatment. These hit phytochemicals could be beneficial for further investigation of a novel target for cancer.