bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoption Of Bari Mung Varieties And Its Constraints To Higher Production In Southern Region Of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam QM Shafiqul , Miah Ma Monayem , Rahman Ms , Hossain MS
Published: June 2013

Mungbean is a popular and widely grown pulse in Bangladesh. Coastal farmers are cultivating BARI-Mung varieties, but many farmers are still reluctant to adopt these improved varieties that need to be identified. Therefore, the study was conducted in three mungbean growing coastal districts, namely Barisal, Patuakhali, and Noakhali of Bangladesh during 2010-2011 to assess the extent of technology adoption and constraints to BARI-Mungbean production. The study focused the level of technology adoption in terms of variety use, input use and agronomic practices. The study revealed that farmers followed the recommended practices which were very encouraging. All the farmers adopted improved mungben varieties of which 51% farmers adopted BARI Mung-5 variety. The level of adoption of seed rate, use of urea, and MoP was found to be high. The level of adoption of agronomic practices like ploughing, sowing time, weeding and insecticides use were also found to be high. The farmers were mostly influenced by DAE personnel and neighboring farmers in adopting improved mungbean technology. Multiple regression revealed that experience, training, organizational membership, relation with different media, and mungbean suitable area had positive and significant influence in increasing the area under mungbean cultivation. Most farmers showed positive attitude towards improved mungbean cultivation of which 67% farmers wanted to increase its cultivation in the next year. The major constraints to improved mungbean production were high price of insecticides, lack of labour and disease and insect infestation. Farmers required improved mungbean seeds and production technology which may increase the yield and income of the farmers. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 85-96, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15193
Adaptability Of Wheat Varieties In Strongly Acidic Soils Of Sylhet
Authors: Rahman M Ataur , Barma NCD , Sarker MH , Sarker MMR , Nazrul MMI
Published: June 2013

A field trail was carried out at South-Surma, Sylhet, in 2009-10 and at FSRD site Jalalpur, Sylhet in 2010-11 in collaboration with WRC and OFRD, BARI to examine the response of 7 wheat varieties at two levels of lime in split-plot design where lime was applied in main plots and different wheat varieties were grown in sub-plots. The seeds were sown on 05 December 2009 and 30 November 2010 for the growing season of 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively. The wheat varieties used in this study were Shatabdi, Sufi, Sourav, Bijoy, Prodip, BARI Gom-25 and BARI Gom-26. The index of relative performance of each variety in comparison to mean yield of all varieties under the contrast conditions of liming and non-liming was estimated to determine relative adaptability of wheat variety under experimental soil conditions. The result indicated that most of the yield components viz., spikes/m2, 100-grain weight, and grain yield of wheat were significantly improved by liming for both the years and locations. There were variations in lime response among the wheat varieties. The index of relative adaptability (IRA %) for yield of BARI Gom-26 and Bijoy was more than 100% for both the years. The results indicated that these two wheat varieties are relatively tolerant to low pH and could be adapted in acidic soil of Sylhet. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 97-104, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15194
Effect Of Mulching And Tillage On Yield And Keeping Quality Of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Kabir MA , Rahim MA , Majumder DAN , Iqbal TMT
Published: June 2013

An experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during rabi season of 2006-2007 to study the effects of different thickness of water hyacinth mulch and tillage on the storage life of garlic. The experiment was consisted of five depths of water hyacinth mulch (0, 6, 8, 10, and 12 cm) and two methods of tillage (conventional and zero). It was laid out in the split plot design with three replications. The study revealed that the bulbs from the zero tillage showed the highest storage quality resulting in the lowest weight loss (8.45%), insect infested bulbs (6.67%) as well as rotten bulbs (2.44%) after 150 days of storage. In contrast, bulbs grown under conventional tillage with no mulch and 6 cm thick mulch had the lower storage quality compared to those of other treatment combinations. The result showed that garlic production under zero tillage with 12 cm mulch could be used for better storability. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 115-125, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15196
Effect Of Irrigation On Harvesting Time And Yield In Mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Sarker Babul C , Rahim Ma
Published: June 2013

An experiment was carried out at the BAU Germplasm Centre, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the effect of irrigation on harvesting time, yield and quality attributes of mango cv. BARI Aam -3 (Amrapali) during the period from September 2005 to July 2006. There were seven treatments in the experiment viz., Irrigation at 15th October, Irrigation at 15 October and 15 November, Irrigation at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to December, Irrigation at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to January, Irrigation at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to February, Irrigation at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to March and Control (no irrigation). The plants those were irrigated twice on 15 October and 15 November exhibited the highest number of panicles per plant (137.33) compared to the lowest number of panicles per plant (9.00) in the treatment where irrigation was given at 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to March. Two irrigations at 15 October and 15 November produced the highest number of fruits per plant (61.67) and irrigation applied on 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to December produced the lowest number of (11.00) fruits. Maximum yield (12.50 kg/plant) was recorded from the plants which were irrigated twice on 15 October and 15 November as compared to minimum yield (2.15 kg/plant) in plants irrigated on 15th of each month starting from October and continued up to December. Irrigation applied on 15th of each month starting from October to March resulted in the longest shelf life (7.28 days) as compared to control (5.63 days). Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 127-136, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15197
Yield And Quality Of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) As Influenced By Foliar Application Of Potassium Nitrate And Urea
Authors: Sarker Babul Chandra , Rahim MA
Published: June 2013

The experiment to determine the effects of KNO3 and urea in manipulating the harvesting time and increasing yield as well as quality of nine years old mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Amrapali plants was carried out at the BAU Germplasm Centre, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from September 2006 to July 2007. The five treatments included in the experiment were potassium nitrate at 4%, 6% and 8%; urea at 2% and 4% and the control (water spray). Foliar spraying of urea at 4% exhibited better performance in relation to terminal shoot length, number of leaves and leaf area and potassium nitrate at 4% gave superior results with respect to length and breadth of panicle and number of secondary branches per panicle compared to control. The plants sprayed with KNO3 at 4% expressed earlier panicle appearance by 17 days as compared to delayed appearance of panicle in untreated control plants. The plants received KNO3 at 4% produced the highest number of panicles per plant (220.67) whereas the control plants had the least number of panicles (107.67). Regardless of concentration, KNO3 and urea manifested slightly earlier harvest (5 days) compared to control. Plants treated with KNO3 at 4% noted the highest number of fruits per plant (136.67) compared to control (62.67). The treatment urea at 4% resulted in the biggest fruit (202.83g) and the control plants exhibited the smallest fruit (175.00g). Potassium nitrate at 4% gave maximum yield (23.14 kg/plant) as compared to minimum yield (9.12 kg/plant) in the control (water spray). Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 145-154, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15201
Profitability Of Rose Cultivation In Some Selected Areas Of Jessore District
Authors: Haque MA , Miah MA Monayem , Hossain S , Alam M
Published: June 2013

Rose cultivation is now a profitable enterprise to the farmers, but the socioeconomic data and information of this flower are very scarce in Bangladesh. So, the present study was conducted to identify agronomic practices, analyze relative profitability, and input-output relationship during December 2010. A total of 100 rose growing farmers were randomly selected for this study. The results indicated that 100% farmers cultivated Lincoln variety of rose. The costs of rose cultivation were Tk. 3,87,569 and Tk. 2,75,214 per hectare on full cost and variable cost basis, respectively. The major share of full cost was incurred for human labour (30%), followed by land use (23%), fertilizer (17%), and irrigation (12%). The yield of rose was 5,40,107 flowers per hectare. The net return from rose cultivation was Tk. 23,31,196 per hectare. The benefit cost ratios were 2.29 and 1.63 on variable cost and full cost basis, respectively. The highest profit was obtained from rose cultivation compared to its competitive crops like potato+jute, lentil+til and mustard+mungbean for rose. Human labor, land preparation cost, seedling, urea, TSP, MoP and irrigation had positive effect on the yield of rose. Lack of technical knowledge, non-availability of HYV seedling, and infestation of insects and diseases were major problems found in rose cultivation. Government should take necessary steps to overcome these problems. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 165-174, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15204
Evaluation Of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Genotypes For Foliage Yield And Its Attributes
Authors: Moniruzzaman M , Rahman MM , Hossain MM , Karim AJM Sirajul , Khaliq QA
Published: June 2013

Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 175-180, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15205
The Performance Test of Three Different Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) Blade Shapes Using Experimental and Numerical Methods
Authors: Hsiao Fei-Bin , Bai Chi-Jeng , Chong Wen-Tong
Published: June 2013

Three different horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) blade geometries with the same diameter of 0.72 m using the same NACA4418 airfoil profile have been investigated both experimentally and numerically. The first is an optimum (OPT) blade shape, obtained using improved blade element momentum (BEM) theory. A detailed description of the blade geometry is also given. The second is an untapered and optimum twist (UOT) blade with the same twist distributions as the OPT blade. The third blade is untapered and untwisted (UUT). Wind tunnel experiments were used to measure the power coefficients of these blades, and the results indicate that both the OPT and UOT blades perform with the same maximum power coefficient, Cp = 0.428, but it is located at different tip speed ratio, λ = 4.92 for the OPT blade and λ = 4.32 for the UOT blade. The UUT blade has a maximum power coefficient of Cp = 0.210 at λ = 3.86. After the tests, numerical simulations were performed using a full three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method using the k-ω SST turbulence model. It has been found that CFD predictions reproduce the most accurate model power coefficients. The good agreement between the measured and computed power coefficients of the three models strongly suggest that accurate predictions of HAWT blade performance at full-scale conditions are also possible using the CFD method.
Evaluation of CLM4 Solar Radiation Partitioning Scheme Using Remote Sensing and Site Level FPAR Datasets
Authors: Wang Kai , Mao Jiafu , Dickinson Robert , Shi Xiaoying , Post Wilfred , Zhu Zaichun , Myneni Ranga
Published: June 2013

This paper examines a land surface solar radiation partitioning scheme, i.e., that of the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) with coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles. Taking advantage of a unique 30-year fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) dataset, derived from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data set, multiple other remote sensing datasets, and site level observations, we evaluated the CLM4 FPAR’s seasonal cycle, diurnal cycle, long-term trends, and spatial patterns. Our findings show that the model generally agrees with observations in the seasonal cycle, long-term trends, and spatial patterns, but does not reproduce the diurnal cycle. Discrepancies also exist in seasonality magnitudes, peak value months, and spatial heterogeneity. We identify the discrepancy in the diurnal cycle as, due to, the absence of dependence on sun angle in the model. Implementation of sun angle dependence in a one-dimensional (1-D) model is proposed. The need for better relating of vegetation to climate in the model, indicated by long-term trends, is also noted. Evaluation of the CLM4 land surface solar radiation partitioning scheme using remote sensing and site level FPAR datasets provides targets for future development in its representation of this naturally complicated process.
Risques psychosociaux au travail et action syndicale : l'expérience des délégués sociaux de la FTQ au Québec
Authors: Dufour-Poirier Mélanie , Bourque Reynald
Published: June 2013

Cet article rend compte de l’expérience du Réseau des délégués sociaux (DS) de la Fédération des travailleurs du Québec (FTQ). Libre, volontaire et confidentielle, l’intervention des DS vise à prévenir et à prendre en charge les risques psychosociaux en milieu de travail. Par-delà les réalisations du Réseau des DS de la FTQ et les difficultés d’intégration de ces derniers, dans les structures syndicales locales, deux constats ressortent de notre étude. D’une part, les DS sont appelés à mobiliser trois registres de négociation (interpersonnelle, intra et inter-organisationnelle) dans l’exercice de leurs fonctions. D’autre part, en mettant de l’avant l’entraide et la solidarité entre les pairs, les DS ont contribué à transformer le syndicalisme pratiqué à la FTQ.
Treatment of Postoperative Keratoplasty Astigmatism Using Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Intrastromal Relaxing Incisions
Authors: Wetterstrand Olli , Holopainen Juha M. , Krootila Kari
Published: June 2013

PURPOSE:

To investigate the effectiveness of femtosecond laser-assisted intrastromal relaxing incisions for astigmatism management and establish laser treatment parameters.

METHODS:

Sixteen eyes of 16 patients had regular astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty. All sutures had been removed and the refraction was stabilized. Paired arcuate intrastromal incisions were made 180° apart within the graft stroma with a femtosecond laser preserving the epithelium. Follow-up examinations were performed at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months.

RESULTS:

The logMAR corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) improved from 0.50 ± 0.29 to 0.32 ± 0.23 (Snellen 20/63 to 20/40). Refractive and topographic anterior cylinders decreased from 6.8 ± 2.2 diopters (D) to 3.7 ± 1.7 D and from 9.5 ± 4.8 D to 4.4 ± 2.1 D, respectively. Stabilization of topographic cylinder was observed 1 month postoperatively. The worse the preoperative CDVA was and the higher the preoperative values for the refractive and topographic cylinders were, the higher the surgically induced changes were. Anterior side cut angles at 90° and 120° produced similar results. A bulge of incision occurred in one eye requiring compression sutures.

CONCLUSIONS:

Significant improvement in CDVA and refractive and topographic cylinders indicated a good effect of femtosecond laser-assisted intrastromal relaxing incisions in reducing astigmatism. No advantage between 90° and 120° anterior side cut angles was found. No infections were recorded and no patient expressed discomfort.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(6):378–382.]
Biocompatibility Assessment of Novel Bioresorbable Alloys Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu for Endovascular Applications: In Vitro Studies
Authors: Persaud-Sharma Dharam , Budiansky Noah , McGoron Anthony J.
Published: June 2013

Previous studies have shown that using biodegradable magnesium alloys such as Mg-Zn and Mg-Zn-Al possess the appropriate mechanical properties and biocompatibility to serve in a multitude of biological applications ranging from endovascular to orthopaedic and fixation devices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of novel as-cast magnesium alloys Mg-1Zn-1Cu wt.% and Mg-1Zn-1Se wt.% as potential implantable biomedical materials, and compare their biologically effective properties to a binary Mg-Zn alloy. The cytotoxicity of these experimental alloys was evaluated using a tetrazolium based-MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay and a lactate dehydrogenase membrane integrity assay (LDH). The MTS assay was performed on extract solutions obtained from a 30-day period of alloy immersion and agitation in simulated body fluid to evaluate the major degradation products eluted from the alloy materials. Human foreskin fibroblast cell growth on the experimental magnesium alloys was evaluated for a 72 hour period, and cell death was quantified by measuring lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. Both Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu alloys exhibit low cytotoxicity levels which are suitable for biomaterial applications. The Mg-Zn-Cu alloy was found to completely degrade within 72 hours, resulting in lower human foreskin fibroblast cell viability. The Mg-Zn-Se alloy was shown to be less cytotoxic than both the Mg-Zn-Cu and Mg-Zn alloys.
Bone Scaffold Biomimetics Based on Gelatin Hydrogel Mineralization
Authors: Asgari Bahareh , Azami Mahmoud , Amiri Afsaneh , Imani Fooladi Abbas Ali , Nourani Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2013

Apatite phase Calcium and Magnesium Phosphate doped nanocomposite scaffold has been synthesized in physiological environment by gelatin hydrogel double diffusion technique. Several analytical methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to characterize physicochemical properties of the studied samples.The results showed that nanocomposite scaffolds were porous with three-dimensionally interconnected microstructure, pore size ranging from 200 to 300 μm nanocrystalline precipitated minerals were dispersed evenly among gelatin fibers. A mineral containing amorphous calcium phosphate and brushite precipitate was formed within the gelatin matrix at 4°C. After incubation in SBF solution at 37°C for 7 days, the mineral phase was changed to nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. It should be well-known that precursor phases inside a scaffold implanted into the bone are equal to biomimetic adaptation of precursors to hydroxyapatite that is very similar to the bone and has an attentive level of biocompatibility. Therefore, the result confirms the significance of biomimetic calcium and magnesium phosphate bone tissue scaffolds in developing new biomaterials for bone regeneration.
Prediction on Behaviour of Blood Velocity and Mitral Leaflet Displacement in the Different Shapes of Heart Valve during Cardiac Cycle
Authors: Mohd Adib Mohd Azrul Hisham , Naim Faradila , Hasni Nur Hazreen Mohd , Osman Kahar
Published: June 2013

The number of cases for heart diseases is increasing every day, even though medication technologies are always improving and moving forward. In this paper, the objectives of the study are to investigate the effect of blood flow velocity and leaflet displacement using different shapes of simplified two dimensional heart valve leaflets in the diastole condition. Four different shapes of heart valve were created and the simulation was performed by using Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI). From the results obtained, the triangle shaped leaflet showed it had the highest blood velocity changes and leaflets displacement changes in a one second period when compared to the other three shapes. The outcome simulation result shows that a large vortex formed behind the leaflet and leaflet deformed when the blood flow into left ventricle is agreed with the results in literature. In conclusion, four different shapes of two dimensional model of mitral valve has been developed and investigated for applying the most suitable shape in future artificial valve design.
Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing) of FeCralloy®-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Ehsani N. , Ruys Andrew J. , Sorrell Charles C.
Published: June 2013

The goal of this study was to produce hydroxyapatite (HAp), a bioactive biomaterial, in a decomposition-free form with fracture toughness comparable to bone by metal fibre-reinforcement. This goal was ultimately achieved. Glass encapsulation of FeCralloy®-reinforced HAp was an unsuccessful technique due to the excessive low-temperature volatilisation, which aerated the glass. Therefore a graphite/stainless steel encapsulation system was used in the present study. Hot isostatic pressing enabled the production of fully dense decomposition-free HAp with toughness improvements of 14 times (FeCralloy® fibres, optimally 15 vol%), comparable to cortical bone. Further, it was found that the HAp decomposition temperature was higher at 100 MPa (the HIPing pressure) than for pressureless sintering. Addition of the FeCralloy® fibre additive induced significant plastic deformation and ductile fracture of the hydroxyapatite.
Texture in NiTi-Based Shape Memory Alloys Produced by Twin Roll Casting
Authors: Goryczka Tomasz , Ochin Patrick
Published: June 2013

Two shape memory alloys with nominal chemical composition: Ni50Ti50 and Ni47Ti50Co3 were produced using twin roll casting technique (TRC). Relatively high cooling rate realized during solidification causes directional heat flow. In result of that, high textured strips were produced. However, the total amount of the preferentially oriented grains differs between surface and cross-section of the strip. At surface, where the crystallization of the grains is the most intensive amount of the grains can reach about 77%. At the cross-section of both strips, where the solidification rate decreased, the total amount of the textured grains was not higher than 57%.
XRD Based Methods of Investigation the Order - Disorder Transformation in the Spinel Structure - A Comparative Study
Authors: Podwórny Jacek
Published: June 2013

Three synthetic and stoichiometric 2:3 type spinels (Fd3m symmetry): MgAl2O4, MgFe2O4, NiAl2O4 with a different initial structural order in cation sublattice were investigated. Investigations by means of high temperature XRPD method at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 1100°C were carried out. Diffraction patterns at each temperature in isothermal conditions were measured. For each tested spinel changes in several temperature-dependent parameters were measured: oxygen positional parameter u(T), cell edge a0(T), cation site occupancies Occ(T) in tetrahedral and octahedral positions and a cation-anion distance in tetrahedral TO(T) and octahedral MO(T) positions. Temperatures of initial order-disorder transformation were determined on the basis of the course of these dependences. Basing on changes of the cell edge a0(T), the values of thermal expansion coefficient and for spinel before and after the beginning of order-disorder transformation, respectively, were calculated. The values of measured temperature-dependent parameters were used to calculate the degree of inversion x in the spinel structure defined as the number of 3+ cations in tetrahedral sites. In each case two methods of calculating the degree of inversion from experimental data were applied. The first method involved observing the changes in sites occupancy in the cation sublattice versus temperature, which resulted in a change of diffraction lines intensities. The second method was based on observing the changes in cation-anion distances in tetra- and octahedral coordination versus temperature. The results obtained by both methods were compared, discussed and advantages and disadvantages of each of them were presented. It was shown that when atomic scattering factors of cations 2+ and 3+ in the spinel structure differ significantly, the most precise method is the one based on changes in sites occupancies versus temperature. The method based on calculation of changes in cation-anion distances is recommended when atomic scattering factors of cations differ slightly but oxygen positional parameter and cation-anion distances changes significantly during order-disorder transformation like in normal spinel structure when effective ionic radii of 2+ and 3+ cations differ significantly.
Study of Fe75Al25 Alloys by the Mössbauer Spectroscopy Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS), XRD and SEM
Authors: Hanc-Kuczkowska Aneta , Kansy Jerzy , Dercz Grzegorz , Pająk Lucjan , Lelątko Józef , Deniszczyk Józef
Published: June 2013

The structure, point defect and ordering parameter of Fe25Al samples is examined with the Mössbauer spectroscopy Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy XRD and SEM. The studies are carried out for samples in as-cast state and after heat treatments: annealing for 24 hours at 900°C (or 1050°C) and either slow cooling with furnace or quenching to oil. Among the research method used, Mössbauer spectroscopy for determination of hyperfine structure parameters was adopted. These parameters, sensitive to changes in spin and charge electron densities in the nearest neighbourhood of a Mössbauer isotope nucleus, caused by specific configurations of atoms, are directly connected with the degree of ordering of a compound. Spectral analysis has been carried out using an authors’ software developed based on a theoretical model relating the shape of a Mössbauer spectrum to the sample microstructure. It has been shown that Mössbauer spectroscopy enables quantitative evaluation of the degree of ordering of phases occurring in samples characterised by large graining, in the case of which it is not possible to determine the long-range order parameter by X-ray diffraction. The PALS method only one type of defects is detected. The positron lifetime in these defects (V) suggests that they are quenched-in Fe-monovacancies (VFe). The vacancy concentration strongly depends on the rate of cooling.
X-Ray Analysis of New Gadolinium Doped CuCr2Se4
Authors: Maciążek Ewa , Zajdel Paweł , Jendrzejewska Izabela , Mendakiewicz Maja
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Phase and structure analysis of CuCr2-xGdxSe4 (x=0.1÷0.3) synthesized using a solid state reaction method were carried out using X-Ray powder diffraction. All obtained compounds were found to be multi phase with the spinel phase being dominant up to x=0.1, indicating low solubility limit of gadolinium. Two compounds CuCr1.95Gd0.05Se4 and CuCr1.9Gd0.1Se4,. were chosen for a detailed structure refinement.
Quantitative X-Ray Phase Analysis as a Method of Control of Iron Blende Roasting Process
Authors: Staszewski Mariusz , Kapias Piotr , Bilewska Katarzyna , Kamińska Małgorzata , Osadnik Małgorzata
Published: June 2013

During the process of leaching of roasted ore from fluidized-bed furnace a decrease of zinc (as ZnO) recovery was observed. Within the investigations a comprehensive structural analysis of samples from the process of roasting of zinc concentrates has been made. It has been found that one of the essential causes for zinc recovery decrease is a presence of (Zn,Fe)S sulphide in the ore, instead of pure zinc blende ZnS. Subsequently, (Zn,Fe)S iron blende is oxidized not to ZnO, but to a mixture where the main component is mixed (Zn,Fe)Fe2O4 oxide. Such oxide does not decompose into simple oxides during the process, which leads to a decrease of zinc recovery.
Investigation of TiO2 Thin Coatings for Medical Applications by X-Ray Diffraction and Raman Microspectroscopy
Authors: Jasinski Jozef , Rajchel Bogusław , Lubas Malgorzata , Jasiński Jarosław , Kucharska Barbara , Podsiad Piotr
Published: June 2013

The titanium and titanium alloys endoprostheses surface may be improved by forming TiOx single layer or TiOx – hydroxyapatite multi – layer on their surface. Biocompatibility of TiOx layers depends highly on their microstructure, parameters of formation method and properties of substrate. Paper presents microstructure of the TiOx layer formed on titanium surface in fluidized bed reactor. In order to evaluate thickness, microstructure and Ti:O concentration ratio X-ray diffraction, Confocal Raman microspectroscopy methods are realized. Methods enables to define every type of TiOx structure simultaneously including rutile which dominates in investigated layers.
Modeling of Polymer Structure with the Use of SAXSDAT Computer Program
Authors: Rabiej Małgorzata , Rabiej Stanisław
Published: June 2013

The most important structural parameters of semicrystalline polymers can be determined by modeling of their structure and best fitting of a theoretical intensity distribution calculated for the assumed model to the experimental SAXS curve. This paper presents a module of a computer program SAXSDAT dedicated to such calculations.
Crystal Inclusions in Diamonds and Other Crystals
Authors: Hofmeister Wolfgang
Published: June 2013

Single crystal inclusions in natural single crystals bear a lot of information on the genesis and phase stabilities between host and guest crystals. Not only parameters of the natural environment of crystallization may be elucidated, also the history of up-rise within the earth to the surface and the development during procedures, eventually applied by mankind to enhance the physical properties of crystals, may be detectable. Structural reactions resulting in phase separation due to chemical stress during change of physical parameters shed light on the borders of solid solution and exsolution domains. Natural crystals of proper quality allow us to evaluate a time factor in phase stabilities.Crystal structures are able to react by epitaxial growth, by chemical induced twinning, by miscibility reactions, exsolution, and by solid solutions. Some of the phenomena we are meanwhile able to detect by means of (sub-) micro analytical methods. But many problems are left undiscovered between chemical analysis and phase detection due to the local behavior of atoms or ions within a given architecture, which locally provides stable and/or stabilizing crystallization.
Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and the Corrosion Resistance of Zn-Ni Alloy Coatings
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Łosiewicz Bożena , Dercz Grzegorz , Smołka Agnieszka
Published: June 2013

Electrolytic Zn-Ni alloy coatings were obtained on the steel substrate under galvanostatic conditions, and then, subjected to thermal treatment in argon atmosphere. The influence of thermal treatment on the surface morphology, phase composition and corrosion resistance of the electrodeposited coatings has been studied. Surface morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscopy. Chemical composition was determined by a X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Structural studies were carried out using a X-ray diffraction method. Corrosion resistance tests were carried out in 3% NaCl solution using open circuit potential method and potentiodynamic measurements. It was found that after thermal treatment, the value of polarization resistance increases, the value of the corrosion current decreases, and the value of corrosion potential is shifted towards anodic potentials. This suggests a positive effect of thermal treatment of the Zn-Ni alloy coatings on their corrosion resistance.
HRTEM and LACBED of Zigzag Boundaries in GaN Epilayers
Authors: Jezierska Elżbieta , Borysiuk Jolanta
Published: June 2013

Defects recognition in GaN epilayers was performed using HRTEM and LACBED images. Edge type dislocations, basal plane and prismatic stacking faults were determined from HRTEM analysis. Stacking mismatch boundaries on zigzag steps were found and examined using LACBED patterns in bright and dark field. For stacking faults Bragg lines split into a main and a subsidiary line. The fault plane and displacement vector can be identified from trace analysis performed on LACBED patterns.
Preparation and Structural Examinations of Gd+Ni Nanocomposites
Authors: Kubisztal Marian , Kubisztal Julian , Chrobak Artur , Karolus Malgorzata , Prusik Krystian , Haneczok Grzegorz
Published: June 2013

In the paper Gd+Ni nanoparticles were obtained using chemical reaction of Gd nanopowder in the bath based on C4H6O4Ni (pH=7) at temperature 323 K. TEM examinations show Gd+Ni nanoparticles (about 200 nm) covered by GdF3 intermediate layer and Ni-P final layer Magnetization vs. temperature (5-320 K) show the Curie point of Gd at 290 K and at low temperature a paramagnetic component related to GdF3. The obtained Gd+Ni nanopowder of 200 nm in diameter can be used in future application without fear of oxidation.
Structural Aspects of Ferrite and Austenite Co-Deformation in Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Ryś Janusz , Zielińska-Lipiec Anna
Published: June 2013

The present research is a part of project dealing with structural aspects of ferrite and austenite co-deformation in duplex stainless steels. The examination concerned a development of ferrite and austenite microstructures, major deformation mechanisms operating in both phases and texture formation upon cold-rolling of a model duplex type steel. The investigations showed that the band-like morphology of two-phase structure formed upon processing together with specific starting textures obtained after a preliminary thermo-mechanical treatment exerted significant influence on texture and microstructure development in both constituent phases. Microstructure and texture evolution in examined duplex steel significantly differed from those in one-phase steels. These differences resulted first of all from the role of the phase boundaries acting as the barriers for dislocation movement and affecting the processes of strain localization at higher deformations.
Structural, Magnetic and Crystallization Study of Fe-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses
Authors: Babilas Rafał , Nowosielski Ryszard , Pilarczyk Wirginia , Dercz Grzegorz
Published: June 2013

The work presents the structural, thermal and magnetic properties analysis of Fe72B20Si4Nb4 bulk metallic glasses in as-cast state and crystallization study of bulk amorphous alloy after annealing process. The studies were performed on bulk metallic glasses in of rods form with diameter of 1,5 and 2 mm. The structure analysis of the samples in as-cast state and phase analysis of studied alloy after annealing process was carried out by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) was also used to investigate the local structure for studied bulk metallic glasses. Thermal properties associated with glass transition, onset and peak crystallization temperatures was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The soft magnetic properties examination of tested material contained initial magnetic permeability and disaccommodation of magnetic permeability.
Influence of Copper Addition on Glass Forming Ability, Thermal Stability, Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Co-Based BMGs
Authors: Lesz Sabina , Babilas Rafał , Nowosielski Ryszard
Published: June 2013

The aim of the paper was investigation of the effect of Cu addition on glass forming ability (GFA), thermal stability, structure and magnetic properties of Fe-Co-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). The raw materials used in this experiment for the production of BMGs were pure Fe, Co, Cu and industrial Fe-B, Fe-Si, Fe-Nb ferroalloy. Investigations were carried out on BMGs in rods shaped with square section with side of 1.5mm. The structure of the investigated BMGs in rod form is amorphous. The addition of small amounts of Cu is effective in changing GFA and magnetic properties. The melting temperature - Tm remained almost constant for both investigated alloy. Two alloy compositions are at or very close to the eutectics, what according to ref. [1] should guarantee the best metallic glass-forming alloys. The investigated alloys have good soft magnetic properties. The successful synthesis of the Fe36.00Co36.00B19.00Si5Nb4 and Fe35.75Co35.75B18.90Si5Nb4Cu0.6 alloys with high GFA and good soft magnetic properties by using starting industrial alloys are encouraging for the future industry applications.
Magnetic and Elastic Properties of Nanocomposites Containing Soft (Ni) and Hard (SrFe12O19) Magnetic Particles
Authors: Kubisztal Marian , Chrobak Artur , Kubisztal Julian , Stabik Jozef , Dybowska Agnieszka , Haneczok Grzegorz
Published: June 2013

In the present paper magnetic and elastic properties of the Ni+SrFe12O19 nanocomposites were examined in detail. Samples were in two forms: i) mechanically pressed cylindrical pellets and ii) filled polymer (amine-epoxy resin) coating on aluminum substrate. The so called apparent Young’s modulus was determined by measurements of the free flexural vibrations frequency by means of vibrating reed technique. Magnetic research was carried out using VSM magnetometer. It was shown that replacement of SrFe12O19 with nano Ni powder results in an increase in material resistivity to elastic deformation. The influence of size reduction of SrFe12O19 powder particles on magnetic parameters of the studied nanocomposites were discussed in detail.
A Magnetic Force Microscopy Study of Magnetic Domain Structure in Maraging Steel
Authors: Bramowicz Miroslaw , Kulesza Slawomir
Published: June 2013

This study presents the results of an analysis of the domain structure of supersaturated X2CoCrMoAl20-15-3 maraging steel. The analyses was carried out using the magnetic force microscopy method in a two pass mode. Obtained magnetic results were subjected to numerical analysis. The dimensions of spontaneously magnetized regions and their orientation were determined by analyzing the autocorrelation function of changes in the resonant frequency of the MFM probe. The use of fractal analysis was proposed to describe the domain structure.
The CVD Aluminizing of TiAl Intermetallics
Authors: Góral Marek , Nowotnik Andrzej , Sieniawski Jan
Published: June 2013

The article presents the first attempt to CVD-aluminise alloys based on an intermetallic phase Ti48Al2Cr2Nb. Moreover, it includes initial results of producing VPA-deposited aluminide coating in industrial environment. Microstructure and phase analyses of the obtained coatings have been conducted. The chemical and phase composition analyses have revealed that the CVD-deposited coating was roughly 8 m thick, and composed of aluminium-rich TiAl phase, whereas the application of VPA method results in a coating which is approximately 18 m thick and consists of three layers made up of TiAl3, TiAl2 i TiAl phases. Both deposition processes were conducted with industrial equipment.
High Temperature Study of Metamict Rinkite
Authors: Zubko Maciej , Kusz Joachim , Malczewski Dariusz , Häger Tobias , Hofmeister Wolfgang
Published: June 2013

Metamict minerals contain radioactive elements that degrade their crystal structure. During the annealing process under ambient pressure in argon atmosphere the sample of metamict rinkite recrystallizes to the primary crystalline form at 700°C. Further heating leads to the formation of a new crystalline phase.
Study of Point Defects in Fe-Al System by Mössbauer Spectroscopy and XRD Method
Authors: Hanc-Kuczkowska Aneta
Published: June 2013

In this work, the Mössbauer spectroscopy employed in a study of point defect formation in intermetallic phases of the B2 structure from the Fe-Al system as a function of Al concentration. We present the values of the 57Fe isomer shift and quadruple splitting for the components describing the point defect in the local environment of a Mössbauer nuclide. The concentration of the Fe vacancies and Fe atoms substituting Al (Fe-AS) are determined. The results shown that an increase in Al content causes an increase in vacancy and Fe-AS concentration.
Microstructure Characterization of Superfine WC-Co Powders
Authors: Moskal Grzegorz , Szymański Krzysztof , Tomaszewska Agnieszka , Myalska Hanna
Published: June 2013

In this paper results of tests concerning the WC/Co fine-crystalline composite powders type 88/12 and 83/17 provided for thermal spraying of layers resistant to abrasion are presented. Tests which characterize basic technological properties were performed since these properties are essential from thermal spraying point of view. Microstructural properties are essential as well because they allow evaluation of morphology of powders by SEM method with an analysis of chemical composition in micro-areas. Moreover, the phase composition was characterized by XRD in macro scale and by EBSD in microareas including distribution maps of individual phase components in all particles of the powders.
Microstructure of the Fe-Ni-P Melt-Spun Ribbons Produced from the Single-Chamber and from the Double-Chamber Crucibles
Authors: Ziewiec Krzysztof , Prusik Krystian , Bryła Krzysztof , Ziewiec Aneta
Published: June 2013

The aim of the work was to investigate the influence of the processing on the final microstructure of the melt-spun Ni-Fe-P ribbons. The melt-spinning was carried out in two ways. For the first one the alloy was molten in a simple single-chamber crucible and for the second one double-chamber crucible was used. The chemical composition of the alloy molten in the single chamber was Ni40Fe40P20. The two component melt-spinning was made starting from the Ni80P20 and Fe80P20 alloys. All of the three alloys were molten in titanium gettered argon atmosphere starting from 99.95 wt % Ni, 99.95 wt % Fe, Ni-P and Fe-P master alloys in the arc melting furnace. The alloys were melt-spun in helium. The phase composition and the microstructure of the melt-spun ribbons were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. The fracture of the specimens were observed with use of scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM observations of the fracture surfaces show different character of the fractured samples.
Characterization of Ni75Mo25 Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and Heat Treatment
Authors: Panek Joanna , Bierska-Piech Bożena , Niedbała Jolanta
Published: June 2013

The process of Ni75Mo25powder synthesis via mechanical alloying (MA) was studied. Process was carried out from pure elements: Ni and Mo with a particle size under 150 μm. A ball-to-powder weight ratio and the rotational speed were 5:1 and 500 rpm, respectively. Oxidation was reduced by milling under an argon atmosphere. The milling process was performed during up to 60 hours. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy techniques have been used to investigate resulting products. It was found that the particle sizes decrease with the increase in milling time. The resulting powder consists of metastable Ni(Mo) and Mo(Ni) solid solutions. Milled Ni75Mo25 powder was subjected to heat treatment at temperature of 773K, 973K and 1173K. As a result of annealing the formation of Ni4Mo and NiMo intermetallic phases was observed.
Influence of the Crystallographic Orientation of CuZn30 Single Crystal on the Portevin-Le Chatelier Effect
Authors: Grzegorczyk Barbara , Ozgowicz Wojciech , Kalinowska-Ozgowicz Elżbieta
Published: June 2013

Plastic deformation of solid crystals is a complex process, mostly heterogeneous, due to the simultaneous effect of several deformation mechanisms. A dominating deformation mechanism depends on the properties of the material and external coefficients, viz. temperature, stress and strain rate. The applied Bridgman method permitted to obtain single crystal of the CuZn30 alloy adequate for plastic deformation investigations. Single crystal are characterized by selected crystallographic orientations from various areas of the basic triangle. In order to determine the influence of the crystallographic orientation on the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect selected single crystals were compressed at a temperature of 300°C at a strain rate of 10-3 s-1. Experiments confirmed the effect of the crystallographic orientation axis of CuZn30 single crystals on the observed differences in the intensity of stress oscillation on stress-strain curves.
Nanostructured and Modulated Low-Dimensional Systems
Authors: Prodan Albert , van Midden Herman J.P. , Zupanič Erik , Žitko Rok
Published: June 2013

Charge density wave (CDW) ordering in NbSe3 and the structurally related quasi one-dimensional compounds is reconsidered. Since the modulated ground state is characterized by unstable nano-domains, the structural information obtained from diffraction experiments is to be supplemented by some additional information from a method, able to reveal details on a unit cell level. Low-temperature (LT) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can resolve both, the local atomic structure and the superimposed charge density modulation. It is shown that the established model for NbSe3 with two incommensurate (IC) modes, q1 = (0,0.241,0) and q2 = (0.5,0.260,0.5), locked in at T1=144K and T2=59K and separately confined to two of the three available types of bi-capped trigonal prismatic (BCTP) columns, must be modified. The alternative explanation is based on the existence of modulated layered nano-domains and is in good accord with the available LT STM results. These confirm i.a. the presence of both IC modes above the lower CDW transition temperature. Two BCTP columns, belonging to a symmetry-related pair, are as a rule alternatively modulated by the two modes. Such pairs of columns are ordered into unstable layered nano-domains, whose q1 and q2 sub-layers are easily interchanged. The mutually interchangeable sections of the two unstable IC modes keep a temperature dependent long-range ordering. Both modes can formally be replaced by a single highly inharmonic long-period commensurate CDW.
On Frequencies of Occurrence of Geometrically Characteristic Grain Boundaries
Authors: Glowinski Krzysztof
Published: June 2013

Development of spatial microstructure imaging techniques (e.g. of automated serial sectioning) has made it possible to collect five macroscopic grain boundary parameters for sets of boundaries large enough for carrying out statistical studies. As a point of reference for future analysis of experimentally measured boundary data, various aspects of estimating the frequencies of occurrence of geometrically characteristic boundaries among random grain boundaries for the cases of cubic Oh, hexagonal D6h and tetragonal D4h point groups are discussed. Example frequencies, in particular for symmetric and improperly quasi-symmetric boundaries, are presented. Two approaches for verification whether a given boundary has a tilt or twist character are confronted, i.e. a method based on a distance function defined in the boundary parameter space and the widely known decomposition of a boundary into its tilt and twist components. The frequencies for tilt and twist boundaries calculated using both methods are compared.
Microstructural Characterization of Ni(Co)CrAlY Powders Designed for Thermal Spraying of Bondcoat for TBC Systems
Authors: Moskal Grzegorz
Published: June 2013

The paper presents the study results concerning microstructural characteristics of the Ni(Co)CrAlY type powders designed for the bondcoat spraying with the plasma method for TBC layers obtained by the atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Three types of powders with the following chemical composition Ni-23Co-17Cr-12.5Al-0.45Y, Co-32Ni-21Cr-8Al-0.5Y and Ni-22Cr-10Al-Y were subjected to analysis. The assessment of surface morphology and inner structure of powders (SEM) was made. Chemical composition (EDX, OES-ICP) of the powders was determined. Phase composition by using XRD and EBSD methods was also analysed.