bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEPOSIT REFUND SYSTEM FOR BEVERAGE CONTAINERS IN LATVIA: LEARNINGS WITHIN THE BALTIC STATES
Authors: Brizga Janis , Moora Harri , Balcers Ojārs
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION

One of the main global environmental problems we are facing is the increasing the amount of waste. There are numerous policy instruments used to reduce the environmental impact of packaging. Many EU member states use producer levies, packaging and resource taxes, deposit-refund systems and producer responsibility systems (Bailey, 2017; Watkins et al., 2017).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this article we conduct comparative analyses and evaluate the effectiveness of deposit-refund systems for beverage packaging in the three Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Data used in the study is obtained from statistical databases of the Central Statistical Bureau, Eurostat and Euromonitor, as well as from stakeholders of the deposit-refund system - beverage manufacturers, retailers and waste management organisations. When necessary data was not available, we made calculations and approximations using analogies with neighbouring countries, e.g. regarding the quantity of different kinds of beverage containers (plastics, glass, cans) delivered to the market, the average weight of containers, changing trends etc.

RESULTS

To stimulate the rate of beverage packaging collection and recycling, both Estonia (2005) and Lithuania (2016) have introduced deposit-refund systems. Both are mandatory centralized systems with collection rates over 90%. The strengths of the Estonian system are a result of sophisticated IT solutions, differentiated EAN coding logic, elasticity and good management. The Lithuanian system is one of the most technologically advanced systems. One of its positive features is the lease of taromats, reducing the upfront investment costs for retailers and producers.

DISCUSSION

Previous research shows that the introduction of a deposit-refund system increases the collection rate of beverage packaging (Dewey, Denslow, Chavez, Romero, & Holt, 2011; Lavee, 2010) but requires substantial organisational and financial resources. It is more economically viable to introduce a deposit system when separate waste collection system is already in place. The results of this study are similar.

CONCLUSION

Latvia needs a DRS in order to achieve PET goals and reduce environmental pollution;

The required score and distribution is about the same

A DRS has to be operated by a non-profit organisation consisting of manufacturers and retailers;

The recommended deposit is 10 cents;

Provision should be made for the inclusion of beverage cartons and alcoholic beverage bottles;

Provision should be made for the inclusion of refillable glass bottles and jars.
El Ni Una Menos en el movimiento social feminista de Argentina
Authors:   , Piccone María Verónica
Published: November 2021

El trabajo indaga a Ni Una Menos, como un fenómeno complejo. Explora el redireccionamiento del movimiento social feminista argentino en torno a las formas de organización, demandas y reivindicaciones que son asociadas a lo que algunas autoras consideran como la cuarta ola feminista. Procura explicar las dinámicas políticas que permitieron esta masividad a partir de la primera convocatoria por “Ni Una Menos”. Es una relectura de los movimientos sociales y la protesta colectiva en clave de teoría política feminista, que parte de un corpus teórico específico y asume un prisma identitario subjetivo y personal comprometido con una toma de posición política. Se estructura en cuatro capítulos. El primero presenta un recorrido tanto de las teorías sustanciales para el análisis de los movimientos sociales, como de los aportes del ámbito local a su estudio, junto con los aportes de las teorías feministas; el segundo se aboca al desarrollo histórico conceptual del movimiento feminista cuyo recorrido se presenta a través de la metáfora de las llamadas olas; el tercero contiene una breve historización del movimiento feminista argentino en referencia al papel de las mujeres en distintos periodos de la historia y, el cuarto describe en el momento en que aparece el grito “Ni Una Menos” y procura dar cuenta de los elementos que hicieron posible que el movimiento feminista argentino se zambullera en la cuarta ola. Se elabora una trama que describe hechos centrales y conquistas del movimiento feminista y se presentan las conclusiones del trabajo realizado.
Salt composition of the waters of the Bureya reservoir
Authors:   V.P. Shersterkin, N.M. Shesterkina
Published: November 2021

Significance. Significance of the work lies in the need to study the salt composition of the Bureya reservoir water from the beginning of filling, which is important for predicting the water quality of reservoirs in the Amur basin that are to be designed. The objective is to evaluate content of main ions in the water of the Bureya reservoir, and to identify factors determining their spatial and temporal variability. Methods. Hydro/chemical observations in the Bureya reservoir were made from 2003 to 2008 at five plots covering the major part of the water area. Water samples were taken from the surface, middle, and near-bottom horizons in winter, summer, and fall. Water samples were taken from the surface in January, July 2019 in the landslide area and in July 2020 at eight sites in the water body between the landslide and the hydropower dam. Analytical work was carried out according to the methods accepted in hydrochemistry. Materials of the Amur Basin Water Administration for 2005-2019 were used in the work. Results. The content of the main ions in the water of the reservoir during the filling period and the following years was assessed. The dominance of calcium ion among cations and hydrocarbonate ion among anions in the salt composition of water was shown. It is established that the emergence of oxygen deficit in water due to the increased area of flooded forests and reduced water inflow caused the absence of sulfate ion in the reservoir water in autumn and winter 2005. It is shown that staged filling of the reservoir contributed to gradual smoothing of differences in the content of major ions and stabilization of the salt composition of water in the sixth year of filling. In current conditions the content of sodium and potassium ions and chloride ions in the water area of the reservoir is relatively evenly distributed, the highest values of concentrations of calcium and magnesium hydrogen carbonates are observed near the mouth of the Tyrma River. The effect of a large landslide on the content of major ions in the water in 2019-2020 is considered.
Qualitative assessment of the level of natural content of heavy metal compounds natural content level in the basins of the Malka, Urukh, Cherek, and Chegem rivers
Authors:   S.L. Alita, F.A. Atabiyeva, E.A. Cherednik, A.S. Otarova
Published: November 2021

To date, considerable experience has been accumulated in assessing and standardizing the quality of natural waters, however, the role of regional factors in practical standardization in most cases is ignored. Due to the lack of recommendations for establishing permissible loads on a water body, taking into account its natural characteristics, the effectiveness of water protection measures is reduced. Determination of the concentrations of pollutants using maximum permissible concentrations without taking into account the hydrological and hydro/chemical characteristics of water bodies does not ensure the environmental safety of the water body. The regulation of the water quality of water bodies must necessarily reflect the regional features of the formation of the chemical composition of natural water in a particular territory, since the soil and geochemical features of the catchment area of the basin reflect natural background concentrations. Methods. The article proposes a new approach to assessing the qualitative determination of priority pollutants taking into account the regional background. For a qualitative assessment of the level of natural content of dissolved forms of heavy metal compounds, statistical processing was carried out for the main phases of the water regime. The significance of the difference between the sample of summer samples of river water for pollutants from the corresponding sample of winter samples and rainwater samples was determined using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney nonparametric statistical test. Results. The proposed approach for statistical processing of long-term data enables to make qualitative assessment of the natural level of the content of heavy metal compounds on the surface and in the strata of soils that compose the basins of the Malka, Urukh, Cherek, Chegem rivers. The results obtained can be used to improve the methodological and practical issues of regionally oriented standardization.
Skupinové pohřebiště únětické kultury z Lovosic (okr. Litoměřice). K funerálním areálům starší doby bronzové v severozápadních Čechách / The Únětice Culture Group Cemetery from Lovosice (Litoměřice District). On Early Bronze Age Burial Grounds in Northwest Bohemia
Authors: Půlpán Marek , Petriščáková Katarína , Kuljavceva Hlavová Jana , Půlpánová-Reszczyńska Agnieszka , Pavúk Peter , Trojánková Olga , Světlík Ivo , Kundrát Pavel
Published: November 2021

The subject of the article is the “group” Unětice culture cemetery from the Early Bronze Age investigated in 2014 in Lovosice (Litoměřice district, northwest Bohemia). The cemetery’s dating to 2021–1751 BC corresponds to the mature stage of the Unětice culture in other parts of Bohemia (Moucha’s preclassical and classical stages). The cemetery is characterised by stone and apparently even wooden structures, multiple burials and the exclusive presence of miniature vessels. The population was composed primarily of old adults with the corresponding degenerative productive changes; only two non-adults were determined. Epigenetic marks on the skeletons testifying to a certain degree of kinship between the buried individuals were documented at the group cemetery and outside of it. New excavations have provided more detailed information on the spatial structure of burial grounds which, in addition to large cemeteries (of the Liběšovice, Březno near Louny, and Velke Žernoseky type), are composed of cemeteries with 10–20 graves, small groups of graves and solitary graves. These are also frequently accompanied by contemporary settlements located either close to the cemeteries or, as in the case of Lovosice, in the middle of the burial grounds. The spatial distribution of exogenous artefacts (amber beads, gold ornaments, silicite daggers) points to the possibility of the existence of an established network of long-distance routes in northwest Bohemia in the Early Bronze Age. One of the possible nodal points connected to the long-distance exchange system could have been located in the lower Ohře River region. This is documented, among other things, by the concentration of burial grounds with exceptional finds, settlements with evidence of metallurgy and the largest Bohemian hoards of ingots concentrated in the geographically defined microregion of Lovosice.
The Hoard of Celtic Coins from Deutsch Jahrndorf (Austria, 1855)
Authors: Militký Jiří , Torbágyi Melinda
Published: November 2021

The Deutsch Jahrndorf (Burgenland, Austria) hoard was discovered in 1855. It contained Bratislava Celtic coinage – gold denominations and silver tetradrachms of the Biatec group. Altogether, 163 coins have been studied either by autopsy or from their earlier publications; originally however, they were surely more numerous. Although the treasure was discovered south of the Danube, 15 km away from the Bratislava oppidum acropolis, there is no doubt about its direct association with this site. Its contents provide a unique insight into the production of gold denominations, both anepigraphic and with the legends BIATEC or BIAT. Silver tetradrachms of the Biatec group include the majority of known die combinations. The Deutsch Jahrndorf hoard represents a unique source for better understanding the Bratislava coin production. Based on our present state of knowledge of the late La Tène chronology, the hoard was probably concealed in the third quarter of the 1st century BC; a more precise date cannot be established. New discoveries of Roman style constructions on the Bratislava oppidum acropolis help us better understand the phenomenon of relations between the Roman Republic and local Celtic elites; the detailed study of the hoard in question contributes to this topic from the numismatic point of view.
Peran Majelis Taklim dalam Meningkatkan Religiusitas Masyarakat Melalui Kajian Kitab Rutinan di Desa Suci Kecamatan Panti Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Humairoh Siti
Published: November 2021

The Taklim assembly is a forum for the community in order to gain knowledge about Islam, which is more open and usually carried out routinely. Therefore, the delivery of da'wah must also be adjusted to the local conditions of the community, the aim of which is to be easily understood and accepted by the community itself. This research will describe the role of the taklim assembly in increasing the religiosity of the community, how enthusiastic the community is in the taklim assembly, and what books are used as references in delivering their da'wah. This research is categorized in the type of qualitative-descriptive research with the methods of observation, interviews, and documentation, which in the future is expected to obtain more comprehensive data. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the taklim assembly, especially in the Suci-Panti Village, plays an important role for the community itself as in terms of religiosity which is basically reflected in the practice of aqidah, sharia, and morals (faith, Islam, and ihsan). In the taklim assembly which is held every Monday night Tuesday, it gets a very good response from the community, even the community is very enthusiastic when the study takes place, besides that in the assembly a discussion session is held. 2). The books that are used as references in the assembly consist of; aqidatul awam, mabadi'ul fiqhiyah, and lubabul hadith, which are discussed in depth.
Strategi Komunikasi Publik Gugus Tugas Covid-19 (Studi Komunikasi Publik Pada Program Larangan Mudik Lebaran Tahun 2021)
Authors: Setra Banyugiri , Razaq Abul , Arifin Miftahul
Published: November 2021

Indonesia and the world are being hit by the global Covid-19 pandemic which has paralyzed all human activities for several months. The incident then seizes public's attention and becomes the centre of public discussion. Various state policies around the world have been carried out to prevent the spread of Covid-19, including social distancing, Large-Scale Social Restrictions, and the implementation of the ‘new normal’ in various sectors. In this case, the current article specifically focuses on the issue of the mudik (exodus) restriction which has caught the attention of Indonesian public. Such travel restriction has caused a polemic between the government and migrants or migrant workers. These problems became complex when the mudik restrictions were started earlier on May 6, 2021. Despite the restrictions, the euphoria of the public in welcoming the Idul Fitri could no longer be contained although the complexity of the country in implementing this policy was still a problem, whether mudik was allowed or prohibited. Such perception was a polemic in our society. Therefore, the purpose of this journal article is to shed some of the answers to the many question posed in public perception. It is also used to provide more space and access to the public in understanding the ambiguity of the rules.
Fatwa Yusuf Qardawi dan Al-Utsaimin tentang Pengucapan Selamat Natal Perspektif Komunikasi Dakwah
Authors: Febrianti Rozmida
Published: November 2021

Fatwa mempunyai peran penting dalam menciptakan stabilitas sosial. Perubahan sosial sebagai hasil dinamika budaya sering menimbulkan gesekan di masyarakat, Islam sebagai agama universal dengan panduan spesifik berdasarkan Alquran dan Hadis memerlukan peran ulama untuk menerjemahkan transformasi sosio-kultural dalam bentuk fatwa. Maka dapat dikatakan dua ulama Yusuf Qardawi dan Al-Utsaimin adalah da’i sebagai komunikator dakwah dan fatwa sebagai pesan komunikasi dakwah sedang umat Islam sebagai penerima. Dalam penelitian ini akan membahas secara mendalam tentang implikasi fatwa terhadap bagaimana hukum mengucapkan natal kepada non muslim dalam perspektif komunikasi dakwah. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan riset  kepustakaan  (Library  Research). Para ulama dan masyaikh dalam fatwa diatas mengemukakan tujuan dari ijtihad dalam mengulas fatwa dan hukum Islam sesuai dengan tujuan komunikasi transendental yaitu Komunikasi yang melibatkan manusia dengan Tuhannya itulah yang sering disebut komunikasi transendental. Manusia merupakan makhluk sosial yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, ia membutuhkan orang lain untuk mempertahankan eksistensinya.
The effectiveness of the inflation targeting regime as the basis for monetary policy in the conditions of crisis in the economy
Authors: Dziubliuk Oleksandr
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Inflation targeting, as a commitment by the central bank to adhere to quantitative inflation rates, has become a fairly common monetary regime in the last few decades in developed countries and developing economies. However, the impact of the pandemic crisis on the course of economic processes has revealed serious problems associated with the low efficiency of this regime. Therefore, there is an objective need to re-evaluate the system in which the central bank focuses monetary regulation solely on price stability, ignoring other strategic directions of government policy related to the need to save economic activity and prevent a large-scale recession.Purpose. Clarification of the peculiarities of the implementation of monetary policy on the basis of the inflation targeting regime and identification of problematic aspects of this regime in the conditions of external shocks and the unfolding economic crisis.Methods. General scientific and empirical techniques and tools of economics, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, compilation and grouping are used.Results. The crisis indicates the need to build a monetary regime that would meet the interests of sustainable economic growth and social welfare. In Ukraine, there were no proper initial preconditions for the inflation targeting regime implementation. Therefore, adjusting the priorities of monetary policy in the crisis should reflect the gradual transition to a more flexible regime using monetary methods to support households and businesses, promote job creation, and stimulate aggregate demand.Prospects. Research of ways to increase the level of flexibility of monetary regulation, opportunities to expand the mandate of the central bank and improve the choice of optimal areas of influence on the economy with the help of monetary instruments at its disposal.
Consumer behavior in the digital environment under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic: the importance of the health factor and business transparency
Authors: Rosokhata Anna , Letunovska Nataliia , Makerska Viktoriia , Kropyva Viacheslav
Published: November 2021

Introduction. With the onset of quarantine caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in consumer behavior are evident, such as increased panic and more conscious behavior focusing on health and avoiding potential threats. Therefore, the study of consumer behavior in such conditions is an urgent and timely task.Purpose. The study aims to analyze changes in consumer behavior in the digital environment under the influence of events caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.Method (methodology). The theoretical and methodological basis of the study were general scientific methods of scientific knowledge: theoretical generalization, systematization, analysis and synthesis. The authors investigated trends in consumer behavior in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main stages of change in consumer behavior are analyzed. The steps of the transition of companies to communicate with consumers in the digital environment were singled out. Factors such as health care and openness (business transparency) have been identified as determinants of trust in businesses in times of crisis. Brief statistics on the global consumption of products in various fields are presented. In particular, the positive dynamics in the growth of Internet users’ search queries for the purchase of health products are revealed. A comparison of the number of search queries in the Google Trends service for thematic terms of the research: «product delivery» and «health» within the Ukrainian market and in the world. It is determined that a new direction of word-of-mouth marketing is gaining popularity, which is an effective tool for communication with consumers in the digital environment through social networks and various cyberspace sites. Results. The authors identify the main trends in Internet marketing in recent years and make recommendations on marketing tools for future strategies of companies in the digital environment. The findings can be helpful to experts in the field of product promotion on the Internet and practicing marketers in the area of innovative services, which are gaining popularity in the wake of global trends in consumer behavior.Perspectives. In further research, the authors should focus on quantitative marketing research of consumers’ attitudes to companies’ product offerings and their willingness to cooperate, supported by the developed marketing programs.
Methodical principles of analysis of the concept of “organizational and economic mechanism of public-private partnership”
Authors: Kuznyetsova Angela , Maslov Vladislav
Published: November 2021

Introduction. In recent years in Ukraine, the task of ensuring multi-faceted cooperation between the state and private business has been relevant. The formation of effective principles of realization of public-private partnership determines the need for a detailed study of the essence, characteristics and principles of its organizational and economic mechanism.Goal. The purpose of the article is to reflect and analyze the methodological principles of determining the essence and bases of formation of the organizational and economic mechanism of public-private partnership.Methods. In order to achieve the defined goal, a complex of general scientific methods applied: theoretical generalization - to determine the methodological principles and essence of the organizational and economic mechanism of public-private partnership, a method of scientific abstraction - in the distinguishing components and results of the organizational and efficient mechanism of cooperation between the state and business, abstract-logical Theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions.Results. During the analysis of the methodological principles of the concept of «organizational and economic mechanism of public-private partnership», the basis of research of the methodology of development of a system of public-private partnerships is determined on the basis of the concept of the organizational and economic mechanism for implementing public-private partnership. The tasks and processes that are most accurate characterize the components of organizational and economic mechanisms and include the formation of corporate strategy, dividend policy, management of management, improvement of the payment system, participation in the Board of Directors, hostile acceptance, receipt of powers of power and bankruptcy. The main tasks of the economic mechanism of which include: ensuring the profitability of the system of establishing a mutually beneficial cooperation of the system elements, which resulted in a single center to provide a balance of horizontal integration and vertical management purposes, as well as optimize internal- system transaction and organizational costs and mutually beneficial cooperation of the elements of the system, which involves the integration of their activities, which increases their potential separately and the system as a whole. It is noted that the result of the functioning of the economic mechanism is to create conditions for highly efficient activity due to effective resource management and achieve the effect of synergy from optimal use both in individual elements and in the scope of the entire system. Discussion. A promising direction of the study arises the need to improve methodological approaches to the definition of the essence and meaningful characteristics of public-private partnership as a new form of intensification of business development in Ukraine.
Investigation on electrical characteristics of TFTs fabricated with germanium films crystallized by atmospheric-pressure micro thermal plasma jet irradiation
Authors: Sato Takuma , Hanafusa Hiroaki , Higashi Seiichiro
Published: November 2021

Crystalline germanium (c-Ge) is an attractive material for a thin-film transistor (TFT) channel because of its high carrier mobility and applicability to a low-temperature process. We present the electrical characteristics of c-Ge crystallized by an atmospheric-pressure micro thermal plasma jet (μ-TPJ). The μ-TPJ-crystallized c-Ge showed a maximum Hall mobility of 1070 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a hole concentration of ∼1016 cm−3, enabling us to fabricate a TFT with a field-effect mobility (μ
FE) of 196 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an ON/OFF ratio (R
ON/OFF) of 1.4 × 104. R
ON/OFF and μ
FE were dependent on the scanning speed of the TPJ, implying different types of defects were induced in the channel regions. These findings show the possibility of TPJ irradiation as a promising method for making c-Ge TFTs on insulating substrates.
SUSPENSION FAULT DIAGNOSTICS USING VEHICLE PITCH AND ROLL MODELS
Authors: XinyuDu  , Mai Lichao , Sadjadi Hossein
Published: November 2021

The vehicle suspension system, including springs, dampers and stabilizer bars are critical to vehicle riding and handling experience. Automatic fault detection, isolation and failure prognosis of the suspension system will greatly improve vehicle perceived quality, serviceability and customer experience. In our previous work [1], a static diagnostic approach using a ramp with the known slope is proposed. Even though the method can effectively isolate the suspension system faults to each vehicle corner, it requires additional setups at dealerships. In this work, a passive approach using the vehicle pitch and roll models is presented, which can accurately isolate broken springs, leaking dampers, and broken stabilizer bars. Some enabling conditions are proposed to improve the overall algorithm robustness. The proposed solution is verified using the data collected from a test vehicle.
Fault and calibration shift detection in a robust MEMS accelerometer array
Authors: Watson Daniel , Reichard Karl
Published: November 2021

The latest generation micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS) accelerometers offer high bandwidth and low noisefloors previously limited to piezoelectric (PZT) based sensors.These relatively low cost MEMS sensors drastically expandthe financially practical applications for high frequency,vibration based, prognostics health management (PHM).This paper examines a robust array of MEMS accelerometersfor applications where sensor access after deploymentis difficult or infeasible. Three identical single axis MEMSaccelerometers were place in an array for testing. Insteadof a typical tri-axial configuration, the three sensors werealigned on a common axis. An auto-correlation algorithmwas used to detect gross system faults of individual sensorsin the array. A separate algorithm was developed to detectabnormal sensor sensitivity drift. The 3 sensor array wastested under a variety of conditions to test the developedalgorithms; power supply voltages were systematically variedaffecting the ratio-metric accelerometer sensitivity andindividual sensor mounts were purposely compromised tosimulate common fault symptoms. A decision logic treewas then implemented to respond to both types of faults.Results show the feasibility of implementing robust MEMSaccelerometer arrays using the latest generation of high bandwidthMEMS accelerometers. Planned future work includesdeploying the sensor array on tribology test equipment tovalidate MEMS sensor effectiveness compared to traditionalPZT based accelerometers.
Fault detection via sparsity-based blind filtering on experimental vibration signals
Authors: Kestel Kayacan , Peeters Cédric , Antoni Jérôme , Helsen Jan
Published: November 2021

Detection of bearing faults is a challenging task since the impulsive pattern of bearing faults often fades into the noise. Moreover, tracking the health conditions of  rotating machinery generally requires the characteristic frequencies of the components of interest, which can be a cumbersome constraint for large industrial applications because of the extensive number of machine components. One recent method proposed in literature addresses these difficulties by aiming to increase the sparsity of the envelope spectrum of the vibration signal via blind filtering (Peeters. et al., 2020). As the name indicates, this method requires no prior knowledge about the machine.  Sparsity measures like Hoyer index, l1/l2 norm, and spectral negentropy are optimized in the blind filtering approach using Generalized Rayleigh quotient iteration. Even though the proposed method has demonstrated a promising performance, it has  only been applied to vibration signals of an academic experimental test rig. This paper focuses on the real-world performance of the sparsity-based blind filtering approach on a complex industrial machine. One of the challenges is to ensure the numerical stability and the convergence of the Generalized Rayleigh quotient optimization. Enhancements are thus made by identifying a quasi-optimal filter parameter range within which blind filtering tackles these issues. Finally, filtering is applied to certain frequency ranges in order to prevent the blind filtering optimization from getting skewed by dominant deterministic healthy signal content. The outcome proves that sparsity-based blind filters are effective in tracking bearing faults on real-world rotating machinery without any prior knowledge of characteristic frequencies.
Methodology on Establishing Multivariate Failure Thresholds for Improved Remaining Useful Life Prediction in PHM
Authors: Li Wenzhe , Jia Xiaodong , Hsu Yuan-Ming , Liu Youwen , Lee Jay
Published: November 2021

Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) methodologies and techniques have been much widely studied in the academia and practiced by the industry in recent years. Prognostic approaches commonly try to establish the relationship between Remaining Useful Life (RUL) and a single variable or health indicator (HI) which can be obtained from multi-sensor fusion or data-driven models. However, simply relying on a single variable could reduce RUL prediction robustness when it is less representative of the system health conditions. Taking multiple variables into consideration for RUL prediction, quantifying operating risks and determining multivariate failure threshold is essential yet rarely studied. Generally, there are three major challenges that limit the practicality of this topic. 1) How to determine the multivariate failure threshold? 2) How to quantify operation risks based on multiple variables?  3) How to make reliable extrapolations of future conditions? To address these questions, this paper proposes 1) a novel copula model to determine multivariate failure threshold, and 2) a Maximum Likelihood Estimation enhanced similarity-based Particle Filter (MLE-SMPF) to predict future system conditions. In the proposed methodology, the health assessment is firstly performed to obtain HI trajectory. The copula risk quantification model is then trained by two variables HI and life. The proposed copula model can easily include multiple variables compared with our previously published approach using bivariate Weibull Distribution[1]. Afterward, MLE-SMPF is used to extrapolate future HI for testing data. The prediction capability is further improved compared with [2] by introducing MLE for Particle Filter transition function parameter initialization. Finally, the system RUL is determined from the failure threshold which is obtained according to the quantified operation risk. The proposed methodology is validated on the C-MAPSS data from the PHM data competition 2008 hosted by PHM society. The result outperforms most of the benchmarks from recent publications. The proposed methodology is easy to transfer to other potential machine prognostic applications.
Off-line Deep Reinforcement Learning for Maintenance Optimization
Authors: Khorasgani Hamed , Farhat Ahmed , Wang Haiyan , Gupta Chetan
Published: November 2021

Several machine learning and deep learning frameworks have been proposed to solve remaining useful life estimation and failure prediction problems in recent years. Having access to the remaining useful estimation or the likelihood of failure in the near future help operators to assess the operating conditions and, therefore, making better repair and maintenance decisions. However, many operators believe remaining useful life estimation and failure prediction solutions are incomplete answers to the maintenance challenge. They would argue that knowing the likelihood of failure in a given time interval or having access to an estimation of the remaining useful life are not enough to make maintenance decisions which minimize the cost while keeping them safe. In this paper, we present a maintenance framework based on off-line deep reinforcement learning which instead of providing information such as likelihood of failure, suggests actions such as “continue the operation” or “visit a repair shop” to the operators in order to maximize the overall profit. Using off-line reinforcement learning makes it possible to learn the optimum maintenance policy from historical data without relying on expensive simulators. We demonstrate the application of our solution in a case study using NASA C-MAPSS dataset.
Model-based Damage Detection through Physics Guided Learning
Authors: Aliirmak
Published: November 2021

Data-driven learning approaches have gained a lot of interest in evaluating and validating complex dynamic systems. One of the main challenges for developing a reliable learning model is the lack of training data covering a large range of various operational conditions. Extensive training data can be generated using a physics-based simulation model. On the other hand, the learning algorithm should be still tested with experimental data obtained from the actual system. Modeling errors may lead to a statistical divergence between the simulation training data and the experimental testing data, causing poor performance, especially for domain-agnostic black-box learning methods. To close the gap between the simulation and experimental domains, this paper proposes a physics-guided learning approach that combines the power of the neural network with domain-specific physics knowledge. Specifically, the proposed architecture integrates physical parameters extracted from the physics-based simulation model into the intermediate layers of the neural network to constrain the learning process. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the architecture is adopted to a damage classification problem for a three-story structure. Our results show that the accuracy for localizing the damage correctly based on experimental data improves significantly over black-box models, especially under large modeling errors. In this paper, we also use the physics-based intermediate layers to analyze the interpretability of the classification results.
Unsupervised transfer learning for condition monitoring of a fleet of wind turbines
Authors: Peng Dandan , Liu Chenyu , Desmet Wim , Gryllias Konstantinos
Published: November 2021

The condition monitoring and health status prediction of a fleet of wind turbines are essential for the safety of wind turbines. At present, the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system has been widely used in wind turbines, which can monitor and collect various physical information and sensor information of wind turbines in real-time. Due to the fact that the amount of data obtained by SCADA systems is extremely large, developing an intelligent decision-making system based on deep learning is a very valuable research. Therefore, this paper is committed to exploring a health status prediction algorithm of wind turbines based on deep learning and SCADA systems. However, yet in actual industrial applications, it is very time-consuming and expensive to obtain a large amount of labeled data. In addition, as failures rarely occur, there is a serious sample imbalance problem in the datasets. More importantly, due to the difference in working environment and physical parameters, there are significant differences in the feature distribution of different wind turbines data, which lead to a significant drop in the performance of the deep learning model on unknown wind turbines.

Therefore, we propose an unsupervised transfer learning algorithm based on Generative Adversarial Networks for wind turbine health status prediction (WT-GAN). WT-GAN can not only remove the domain shift between wind turbines, but also it is an unsupervised learning method. This practically means that only the unlabeled data for the target domain is required, which solves the problem of labeling data. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of WT-GAN on the condition monitoring of a fleet of wind turbines, we apply this method to one dataset about blade icing detection of wind turbines. The experimental results prove that the proposed method can predict the health of the wind turbine well. In addition, it can significantly reduce the domain shift among different wind turbines, thereby achieving excellent performance on unknown wind turbines.
A stacked deep convolutional neural network to predict the remaining useful life of a turbofan engine
Authors: Solís-Martín David , Galán-Páez Juan , Borrego-Díaz Joaquín
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the data-driven techniques and methodologies used to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of a fleet of aircraft engines that can suffer failures of diverse nature. The solution presented is based on two Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) stacked in two levels. The first DCNN is used to extract a low-dimensional feature vector using the normalized raw data as input. The second DCNN ingests a list of vectors taken from the former DCNN and estimates the RUL. Model selection was carried out by means of Bayesian optimization using a repeated random subsampling validation approach. The proposed methodology was ranked in the third place of the 2021 PHM Conference Data Challenge.
Relationship of Environmental Conditions to Health Events
Authors: Waskito Agung
Published: November 2021

Environmental health is an optimum environmental condition or condition so that it has a positive effect on the realization of optimum health, the environment, and individual health. Diarrhea is currently one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. Almost all geographic areas of the world and all age groups are attacked by diarrhea, serious illness, and high mortality, especially in infants and children under five. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between environmental health and health events which included the characteristics of clean water and sanitation and personal hygiene variables. The method used to collect primary data (interviews using a questionnaire instrument, observation, and measurement), and secondary data (health data). The results of the study concluded thatThe characteristics of clean water that have a relationship with the incidence of diarrhea are in terms of processing drinking water before drinking (p-value = 0.021), while the characteristics of sanitation and personal hygiene in terms of the availability of hand washing places (p-value = 0.073) and the method of disposal of toddler feces ( 0.772) indicates that there is no relationship to the incidence of diarrhea that occurs in Simpang Warga Village, RT.
COMISARIO DE GUERRA EN NUEVA ESPAÑA (1727-1816): ANTECEDENTES Y DESARROLLO INSTITUCIONAL DE UNA FIGURA INSERTA EN EL CONTROL DEL GASTO MILITAR
Authors: Sánchez Santiró Ernest
Published: November 2021

El trabajo analiza los antecedentes y el diseño institucional de una figura cuyo principal cometido fue el coadyuvar al control del gasto militar, en especial, el más extenso, cual era el prest (salario) de la tropa y los sueldos de la oficialidad del ejército virreinal: los comisarios de guerra. Se muestra su origen y transformación a lo largo del siglo XVIII.
SISTEMA DE ACREDITAMIENTO DEL IVA EN 1980: UN ACERCAMIENTO PARA ENTENDER LAS PROBLEMÁTICAS ECONÓMICAS Y POLÍTICAS DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN FISCAL EN MÉXICO
Authors: Molina Armenta María del Ángel
Published: November 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el sistema de acreditamiento del iva y las reformas administrativas que le dieron operatividad con la intención de mostrar la estrecha relación entre la administración hacendaria con los objetivos y problemáticas económicas y políticas implícitos en el fenómeno tributario. Sostenemos que el sistema de acreditamiento coadyuvó a alcanzar los objetivos de la coordinación fiscal del comercio y la industria en tanto colocó al contribuyente como agente clave de la recaudación federal y restó importancia a las entidades federativas para definir el monto de la misma. También, sostenemos la idea de que las modificaciones administrativas que implicó respondieron a dos problemas relacionados con el ISIM. El primero, de carácter económico, es la baja recaudación que éste reportó para el erario federal durante su vigencia; y el segundo, de naturaleza política, es la debilidad de las entidades federativas para participar en la administración de la imposición indirecta que se pronunció tras la reforma a la tasa del ISIM de 1973.
«Quel nome pernicioso di nobile»: Uberto Foglietta e la nobiltà di Genova fra tardo medioevo e prima età moderna
Authors: Castelnuovo Guido
Published: November 2021

The present contribution aims at discussing the many late medieval and early modern interpretations elaborated in urban and (post)communal Italy on nobility. It does so by attentively analysing the first book of the La Repubblica di Genova, written around 1550 by Uberto Foglietta, a Genoese patrician and a future historian of the city. Foglietta’s libello therefore is a good starting point to reinterpret the vexata quaestio of being noble both in 16th century Genoa, and in the broader context of Renaissance Italian urban culture.
Una terra senza nome. Sviluppo economico e identità collettive nella bassa pianura milanese (tardo medioevo-prima età moderna)
Authors: Del Tredici Federico
Published: November 2021

In the Historia de situ Ambrosianae urbis, written in the early fourteenth century, the notary Giovanni of Cermenate offered an unprecedented tripartite image of the Milanese contado: Seprio, north-west; Martesana, north-east; and a third indefinite “part” which can be identified with the plain south of the city, not exactly defined by Giovanni of Cermenate. The paper investigates such an absence, by linking it to the general weakness of collective identities provoked by the extraordinary economic development of the low Milanese plain.
La città e il vulcano. Il comune di Como e le conseguenze dell’eruzione del Samalas (1257-1260)
Authors: Grillo Paolo
Published: November 2021

The essay examines some measures taken by the commune of Como between 1257 and 1260, relating to the maintenance of roads and rivers and the food supply of the city, reinterpreting them as timely and effective responses to the wave of bad weather caused throughout Europe by the eruption of the Indonesian volcano Samalas.
I Doria e la chiesa di San Matteo a Genova nella seconda metà del Duecento
Authors: Guglielmotti Paola
Published: November 2021

The essay addresses the problem of the relationship between large aristocratic families and “noble parishes” in Genoa, by considering the case of the Doria and the church of San Matteo, founded in 1125 and whose reconstruction was planned in 1278. On the one hand, three qualifying aspects of the Doria kinship are examined in order to understand the role of the small church in enhancing the coordination of the group: i.e., positions of leadership and command in the maritime city and in its government; dispersion and presence outside Genoa; numerical strength, residence and leadership. On the other hand, the article considers the insertion of San Matteo in the monastic network (not only in Liguria) headed by the abbey of San Fruttuoso, and how its reconstruction allowed for the diversification of the large family internal and external relevance. The conclusion, thanks to the comparison with the experiences of other important urban families, shows the uniqueness of this case study and how broader and more systematic comparisons should be made, even outside the Genoese context.
La commercializzazione del vino e dell’olio in Italia settentrionale attraverso lo studio dei daziari tardomedievali
Authors: Rao Riccardo
Published: November 2021

The contribution reconstructs the wine and oil trade in Northern Italy, starting from the analysis of late medieval tariff books. The tariff books of the major cities are characterised by a wide range of wine products, which included Greek wines, but also wines traded regionally. Olive oil together with linseed oil constitutes the most important variety among cooking oils.
La morte del re, le ragioni del diritto e l’etica dei mercanti in una causa fiorentina del Quattrocento
Authors: Tanzini Lorenzo
Published: November 2021

The essay analyzes a judicial case of the Mercanzia court in the early Quattrocento Florence, which involved the execution of an insurance deed by the merchant and poet Cino Rinuccini concerning the date of the death of Ladislaus king of Naples in 1414. The case, considering the relevance of the actor and the subject of the insurance agreement, allows us to study the discussion on the legal and ethical value of such deeds. The Appendix provides the edition of a legal consilium devoted to the case, in which a distinguished commission of lawyers discusses the problem according to the interpretation of the ius commune.
Sl.eccl. мудрость. Studi per un lexicon plurilingue dei termini religiosi e filosofico-teologici
Authors: Romoli Francesca
Published: November 2021

The article aims at defining the semantics of Church Slavonic мудрость as it emerges from medieval and pre-modern Eastern Slavic sources (from 12th to 18th c.). Occurrences were verified in the historical sub-section of the Russian National Corpus. Elaboration of the collected data is directed at delineating the range of meanings of the term and evaluating its possible semantic variations. For the multilingual lexicon of religious and philosophical-theological words, the results of the inquiry are so disparate as to favor a return to the individual sources over meanings derived from dictionaries.
Le metafore di intensificazione in russo: la realizzazione linguistica del concetto di COMPLETEZZA
Authors: Benigni Valentina
Published: November 2021

Adopting a data based approach, the study explores Russian intensifying metaphors of COMPLETENESS. A wide range of instantiations of the metaphor of COMPLETENESS is analyzed within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson 1980), comprising achievement of a result (soveršennyj idiot), filled container (nabityj durak) and round form (kruglyj otličnik). The contrastive perspective (Russian-English-Italian) provides new insights on the mapping of the source domain of COMPLETENESS onto the target domain of INTENSITY in different languages and cultures.