bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographic analysis of an Israeli Carpobrotus population
Authors: Bogdan Ana , Levin Sam C. , Salguero-Gómez Roberto , Knight Tiffany M.
Published: April 2021

Carpobrotusspecies are harmful invaders to coastal areas throughout the world, particularly in Mediterranean habitats. Demographic models are ideally suited to identify and understand population processes and stages in the life cycle of the species that could be most effectively targeted with management. However, parameterizing these models has been limited by the difficulty in accessing the cliff-side locations where its populations are typically found, as well as accurately measuring the growth and spread of individuals, which form large, dense mats. This study uses small unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to collect demographic data and parameterize an Integral Projection Model of an IsraeliCarpobrotuspopulation. We validated our data set with ground targets of known size. Through the analysis of asymptotic growth rates and population sensitivities and elasticities, we demonstrate that the population at the study site is demographically stable, and that reducing the survival and growth of the largest individuals would have the greatest effect on reducing overall population growth rate. Our results provide a first evaluation of the demography ofCarpobrotus, a species of conservation and economic concern, and provide the first structured population model of a representative of theAizoaceaefamily, thus contributing to our global knowledge on plant population dynamics. In addition, we demonstrate the advantages of using drones for collecting demographic data in understudied habitats such as coastal ecosystems.
A hybrid differential evolution based on gaining‑sharing knowledge algorithm and harris hawks optimization
Authors: Zhong Xuxu , Duan Meijun , Zhang Xiao , Cheng Peng
Published: April 2021

Differential evolution (DE) is favored by scholars for its simplicity and efficiency, but its ability to balance exploration and exploitation needs to be enhanced. In this paper, a hybrid differential evolution with gaining-sharing knowledge algorithm (GSK) and harris hawks optimization (HHO) is proposed, abbreviated as DEGH. Its main contribution lies are as follows. First, a hybrid mutation operator is constructed in DEGH, in which the two-phase strategy of GSK, the classical mutation operator “rand/1” of DE and the soft besiege rule of HHO are used and improved, forming a double-insurance mechanism for the balance between exploration and exploitation. Second, a novel crossover probability self-adaption strategy is proposed to strengthen the internal relation among mutation, crossover and selection of DE. On this basis, the crossover probability and scaling factor jointly affect the evolution of each individual, thus making the proposed algorithm can better adapt to various optimization problems. In addition, DEGH is compared with eight state-of-the-art DE algorithms on 32 benchmark functions. Experimental results show that the proposed DEGH algorithm is significantly superior to the compared algorithms.
Accuracy assessment methods for physiological model selection toward evaluation of closed-loop controlled medical devices
Authors: Bighamian Ramin , Hahn Jin-Oh , Kramer George , Scully Christopher
Published: April 2021

Physiological closed-loop controlled (PCLC) medical devices are complex systems integrating one or more medical devices with a patient’s physiology through closed-loop control algorithms; introducing many failure modes and parameters that impact performance. These control algorithms should be tested through safety and efficacy trials to compare their performance to the standard of care and determine whether there is sufficient evidence of safety for their use in real care setting. With this aim, credible mathematical models have been constructed and used throughout the development and evaluation phases of a PCLC medical device to support the engineering design and improve safety aspects. Uncertainties about the fidelity of these models and ambiguities about the choice of measures for modeling performance need to be addressed before a reliable PCLC evaluation can be achieved. This research develops tools for evaluating the accuracy of physiological models and establishes fundamental measures for predictive capability assessment across different physiological models. As a case study, we built a refined physiological model of blood volume (BV) response by expanding an original model we developed in our prior work. Using experimental data collected from 16 sheep undergoing hemorrhage and fluid resuscitation, first, we compared the calibration performance of the two candidate physiological models, i.e., original and refined, using root-mean-squared error (RMSE), Akiake information criterion (AIC), and a new multi-dimensional approach utilizing normalized features extracted from the fitting error. Compared to the original model, the refined model demonstrated a significant improvement in calibration performance in terms of RMSE (9%, P = 0.03) and multi-dimensional measure (48%, P = 0.02), while a comparable AIC between the two models verified that the enhanced calibration performance in the refined model is not due to data over-fitting. Second, we compared the physiological predictive capability of the two models under three different scenarios: prediction of subject-specific steady-state BV response, subject-specific transient BV response to hemorrhage perturbation, and leave-one-out inter-subject BV response. Results indicated enhanced accuracy and predictive capability for the refined physiological model with significantly larger proportion of measurements that were within the prediction envelope in the transient and leave-one-out prediction scenarios (P < 0.02). All together, this study helps to identify and merge new methods for credibility assessment and physiological model selection, leading to a more efficient process for PCLC medical device evaluation.
The factors affecting the physical development of neonates in pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhao Xiaodi , Li Nana , Jia Runping , Chen Shumin , Wang Ling
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To explore the factors affecting neonatal physical development in pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

The subjects were selected from the pregnant woman giving birth in 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, from November 2015 to May 2016. The age, occupation, education level, gestational age, body weight before pregnancy, body weight at delivery, body height, delivery pattern, GDM status of pregnant women and neonatal gender, birth weight (BW), chest circumference (CC), head circumference (HC) and birth length (BL) were collected through medical records and questionnaires. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and studied.

Results

The significant differences were found between women with GDM and without GDM in following neonatal variables (P<0.05): BW, CC, and HC. GDM status increased the incidence of macrosomia (OR = 2.241, 95% CI: 1.406–3.573), large CC (OR = 2.470, 95% CI: 1.687–3.6153). Gestational weight gain (GWG) above IOM guideline was risk factor for macrosomia (OR = 1.763, 95% CI:1.098–2.833), large HC (OR = 1,584, 95% CI: 1.093–2.296) and large CC (OR = 1.707, 95% CI:1.163–2.506). Underweight was risk factor for short BL (OR = 2.543, 95% CI:1.161–5.571) and small CC (OR = 1.901, 95% CI:1.064–3.394). Female neonate was prone to appear short BL(OR = 2.831, 95% CI: 1.478–5.422) and small HC (OR = 2.750, 95% CI: 1.413–5.350), and not likely to macrosomia (OR = 0.538, 95% CI: 0.343–0.843), longer BL (OR = 0.584, 95% CI: 0.401–0.850), large HC (OR = 0.501, 95% CI: 0.352–0.713), and (OR = 0.640, 95% CI: 0.446–0.917). For women with GDM, gestational age was an risk factor of neonatal BW (low BW: OR = 0.207, 95% CI: 0.085–0.503; macrosomia: OR = 1.637, 95% CI: 1.177–2.276), BL (short BL: OR = 0.376, 95% CI: 0.241–0.585; long BL: OR = 1.422, 95% CI: 1.054–1.919), HC (small HC: OR = 0.343, 95% CI: 0.202–0.583; large HC: OR = 1.399, 95% CI: 1.063–1.842) and CC (small CC: OR = 0.524, 95% CI: 0.374–0.733; large CC: OR = 1.485, 95% CI: 1.138–1.936).

Conclusions

In our study, gestational age, GDM status, neonatal gender, GWG and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) are associated the abnormal physical development of neonates. In women with GDM, gestational age was correlate with neonatal abnormal physical developments.
Occupational exposure to suicide: A review of research on the experiences of mental health professionals and first responders
Authors: Lyra Renan Lopes de , McKenzie Sarah K. , Every-Palmer Susanna , Jenkin Gabrielle
Published: April 2021

Exposure to suicide is a major factor for suicidality. Mental health professionals and first responders are often exposed to suicide while on-duty. The objective of this scoping review is to describe the state of current research on exposure to suicide among mental health professionals and first responders, focusing on the prevalence and impact of exposure to suicide, and to identify current gaps in the literature. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, PsychNET, and Web of Science and identified 25 eligible papers. Between 31.5–95.0% of professionals had been exposed to suicide. Exposure to suicide had impacts on personal life, professional life, and mental health; and caused emotional distress. There was little research investigating exposure to suicide among police officers, firefighters, and paramedics. More research existed on mental health professionals, but none assessed exposure to suicide as a risk for suicide amongst this group. The review concludes that exposure to suicide is distressing for mental health professionals, and likely to be for first responder however, more research on these groups, especially paramedics, is required.
Assessment of preventive behavior and associated factors towards COVID-19 in Qellam Wallaga Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gutu Birhanu , Legese Genene , Fikadu Nigussie , Kumela Birhanu , Shuma Firafan , Mosisa Wakgari , Regassa Zelalem , Shiferaw Yoseph , Tesfaye Lata , Yohannes Buli , Palanimuthu Kogila , Birhanu Zewudie , Shiferaw Desalegn
Published: April 2021

Background

The world is being challenged by the COVID-19 outbreak that resulted in a universal concern and economic hardship. It is a leading public health emergency across the globe in general and developing countries in particular. Strengthening good preventive behavior is the best way to tackle such pandemics.

Objective

The study assessed preventive behavior and associated factors towards COVID-19 among residents of Qellam Wallaga Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2020.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected by interview and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Binomial logistic regression was used to test the association between the variables. An Adjusted Prevalence with 95% CI was used to express the associations and interpret the findings.

Results

Among 634 participants, 417(65.8%) were from urban residences, and 347 (54.7%) belongs to a female. Age ranges 18 years through 87 years. Only 68(10.7%) participants showed good preventive behavior for COVID-19. The majority of them (84.7%) perceived that the disease is very dangerous and 450(71.0%) of them believe that they are at high risk. More than 17% of the respondents have sufficient knowledge. Respondents with sufficient knowledge about COVID-19 were about 2 times more likely to exercise good preventive behavior compare to those with insufficient knowledge, [(APR: 2.1; 95% CI: [1.2, 3.9)]. The urban residents was 3.3 more than that of rural residents to practice good preventive behavior, [(APR: 3.3; 95% CI: [1.6, 6.4)]. Respondents who use social media as a source of information were more than 2 times more likely to have good preventive behavior compared to those who did not, [(APR: 2.3; 95% CI: [1.3, 3.4)].

Conclusion

Adoptions of COVID-19 preventive behavior in the study population is very low. Due emphasis should be given to rural residents. Risk communication activities should be strengthened through effective community engagement to slow down and stop the transmssion of the disease in the community.
The type of blood used to feed Aedes aegypti females affects their cuticular and internal free fatty acid (FFA) profiles
Authors: Kaczmarek Agata , Wrońska Anna Katarzyna , Boguś Mieczysława Irena , Kazek Michalina , Gliniewicz Aleksandra , Mikulak Ewa , Matławska Marta
Published: April 2021

Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of various arthropod-borne viral (arboviral) diseases such as dengue and Zika, is a popular laboratory model in vector biology. However, its maintenance in laboratory conditions is difficult, mostly because the females require blood meals to complete oogenesis, which is often provided as sheep blood. The outermost layer of the mosquito cuticle is consists of lipids which protects against numerous entomopathogens, prevents desiccation and plays an essential role in signalling processes. The aim of this work was to determine how the replacement of human blood with sheep blood affects the cuticular and internal FFA profiles of mosquitoes reared in laboratory culture. The individual FFAs present in cuticular and internal extracts from mosquito were identified and quantified by GC–MS method. The normality of their distribution was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Student’s t-test was used to compare them. GC-MS analysis revealed similar numbers of internal and cuticular FFAs in the female mosquitoes fed sheep blood by membrane (MFSB) and naturally fed human blood (NFHB), however MFSB group demonstrated 3.1 times greater FFA concentrations in the cuticular fraction and 1.4 times the internal fraction than the NFHB group. In the MFSB group, FFA concentration was 1.6 times higher in the cuticular than the internal fraction, while for NFHB, FFA concentration was 1.3 times lower in the cuticular than the internal fraction. The concentration of C18:3 acid was 223 times higher in the internal fraction than the cuticle in the MHSB group but was absent in the NFHB group. MFSB mosquito demonstrate different FFA profiles to wild mosquitoes, which might influence their fertility and the results of vital processes studied under laboratory conditions. The membrane method of feeding mosquitoes is popular, but our research indicates significant differences in the FFA profiles of MFSB and NFHB. Such changes in FFA profile might influence female fertility, as well as other vital processes studied in laboratory conditions, such as the response to pesticides. Our work indicates that sheep blood has potential shortcomings as a substitute feed for human blood, as its use in laboratory studies may yield different results to those demonstrated by free-living mosquitoes.
Salmonella enters a dormant state within human epithelial cells for persistent infection
Authors: Luk Chak Hon , Valenzuela Camila , Gil Magdalena , Swistak Léa , Bomme Perrine , Chang Yuen-Yan , Mallet Adeline , Enninga Jost
Published: April 2021

SalmonellaTyphimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an enteric bacterium capable of invading a wide range of hosts, including rodents and humans. It targets different host cell types showing different intracellular lifestyles.S. Typhimurium colonizes different intracellular niches and is able to either actively divide at various rates or remain dormant to persist. A comprehensive tool to determine these distinctS. Typhimurium lifestyles remains lacking. Here we developed a novel fluorescent reporter,SalmonellaINtracellular Analyzer (SINA), compatible for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry in single-bacterium level quantification. This identified aS. Typhimurium subpopulation in infected epithelial cells that exhibits a unique phenotype in comparison to the previously documented vacuolar or cytosolicS. Typhimurium. This subpopulation entered a dormant state in a vesicular compartment distinct from the conventionalSalmonella-containing vacuoles (SCV) as well as the previously reported niche of dormantS. Typhimurium in macrophages. The dormantS. Typhimurium inside enterocytes were viable and expressedSalmonellaPathogenicity Island 2 (SPI-2) virulence factors at later time points. We found that the formation of these dormantS. Typhimurium is not triggered by the loss of SPI-2 effector secretion but it is regulated by (p)ppGpp-mediated stringent response through RelA and SpoT. We predict that intraepithelial dormantS. Typhimurium represents an important pathogen niche and provides an alternative strategy forS. Typhimurium pathogenicity and its persistence.
Mutational pressure by host APOBEC3s more strongly affects genes expressed early in the lytic phase of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and human polyomavirus (HPyV) infection
Authors: Shapiro Maxwell , Krug Laurie T. , MacCarthy Thomas
Published: April 2021

Herpes-Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) infects most humans when they are young, sometimes with fatal consequences. Gene expression occurs in a temporal order upon lytic HSV-1 infection: immediate early (IE) genes are expressed, then early (E) genes, followed by late (L) genes. During this infection cycle, the HSV-1 genome has the potential for exposure to APOBEC3 (A3) proteins, a family of cytidine deaminases that cause C>U mutations on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), often resulting in a C>T transition. We developed a computational model for the mutational pressure of A3 on the lytic cycle of HSV-1 to determine which viral kinetic gene class is most vulnerable to A3 mutations. Using in silico stochastic methods, we simulated the infectious cycle under varying intensities of A3 mutational pressure. We found that the IE and E genes are more vulnerable to A3 than L genes. We validated this model by analyzing the A3 evolutionary footprints in 25 HSV-1 isolates. We find that IE and E genes have evolved to underrepresent A3 hotspot motifs more so than L genes, consistent with greater selection pressure on IE and E genes. We extend this model to two-step infections, such as those of polyomavirus, and find that the same pattern holds for over 25 human Polyomavirus (HPyVs) genomes. Genes expressed earlier during infection are more vulnerable to mutations than those expressed later.
Prevalence of Balantidium coli (Malmsten, 1857) infection in swine reared in South Italy: A widespread neglected zoonosis
Authors: Giarratana Filippo , Nalbone Luca , Napoli Ettore , Lanzo Vincenzo , Panebianco Antonio
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim: Balantidiasis, caused by Balantidium coli (syn. Neobalantidium coli or B. coli), represents a neglected parasitic infection of zoonotic significance affecting a variety of hosts, including domestic pigs that are the main reservoir. B. coli has a direct life cycle with a fecal-oral route transmission that occurs mainly by the ingestion of food and water contaminated with cysts. The ingestion of meat contaminated during inappropriate slaughtering processes may represent a new potential route of transmission. Only a few studies have investigated the prevalence of B. coli in domestic pigs in Italy, despite its high prevalence and zoonotic significance. This study aimed to improve the knowledge on B. coli prevalence in domestic swine reared both in intensive and "en plein air" breeding systems in the south of Italy. Materials and Methods: The infection rate of B. coli in pigs bred in 15 different pig farms and regularly slaughtered in South Italy, in the Calabria region, was investigated. From 2017 to 2019, 177 terminal parts of the rectums of pigs, of which 91 commercial hybrids and 86 autochthonous (Nero Calabrese), reared, respectively, in intensive and "en plein air" breeding system, were tested for parasite detection. After the slaughtering, the terminal part of the rectum was sampled and transported to the laboratories and immediately processed. For the detection of trophozoites, fresh smears of feces were examined at light microscopy. Moreover, flotation was performed using a sodium chloride solution, then smears of feces were dispersed on microscope slides and examined at light microscopy. The observed parasites were identified at the species level using morphological characteristics. Results: B. coli was detected in a total of 83 (i.e., 46.89%) pigs, with a significantly higher prevalence (p<0.0001) found in commercial hybrid (i.e., 59/91-64.84%) pigs rather than in autochthonous ones (i.e., 24/86-27.91%). It follows that the infection was more common in pigs reared in the intensive breeding system than in "en plein air" ones (p<0.0001). The infection prevalence was higher in males than in females and lower in elder animals than in younger ones (p=0.012 and p<0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: The breeding system is likely the main discriminant for the parasite spread as well as the hygienic condition of the farms. Good manufacturing and hygiene practices along the food production chain are crucial in preventing human balantidiasis transmission by meat consumption. The high B. coli prevalence, the wide spectrum of host species, and its zoonotic significance push toward a greater public interest.
As companhias aéreas embutiam o custo da franquia de bagagem nos preços das passagens? Modelo econométrico de precificação no transporte aéreo
Authors: Costa Ana Carla Fernandes , Oliveira Alessandro V. M.
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a precificação das companhias aéreas brasileiras, com o objetivo de testar empiricamente o papel do custo com a franquia de bagagem na formação de preços do setor. Para isolar o efeito sob investigação em um modelo econométrico, foi utilizada uma amostra com dados das rotas domésticas brasileiras no período anterior à recente medida de desregulamentação que extinguiu a obrigatoriedade da franquia mínima de bagagem. Por meio do estimador de efeitos fixos two way, foi possível estimar a variável yield (preço médio por passageiro-quilômetro na rota) como uma função de variáveis de produção, custos, concorrência e poder de mercado, além da variável indicativa da bagagem. Foram obtidas evidências de que a franquia de bagagem era um serviço que vinha sido cobrado de forma implícita nas passagens aéreas emitidas por companhias aéreas nacionais no período analisado. Estimou-se uma possível redução média de longo prazo de até 6% nos preços das passagens aéreas de voos domésticos após a reforma regulatória.
ACG Clinical Guideline: Upper Gastrointestinal and Ulcer Bleeding
Authors: Laine Loren , Barkun Alan N. , Saltzman John R. , Martel Myriam , Leontiadis Grigorios I.
Published: April 2021

We performed systematic reviews addressing predefined clinical questions to develop recommendations with the GRADE approach regarding management of patients with overt upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We suggest risk assessment in the emergency department to identify very-low-risk patients (e.g., Glasgow-Blatchford score = 0–1) who may be discharged with outpatient follow-up. For patients hospitalized with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, we suggest red blood cell transfusion at a threshold of 7 g/dL. Erythromycin infusion is suggested before endoscopy, and endoscopy is suggested within 24 hours after presentation. Endoscopic therapy is recommended for ulcers with active spurting or oozing and for nonbleeding visible vessels. Endoscopic therapy with bipolar electrocoagulation, heater probe, and absolute ethanol injection is recommended, and low- to very-low-quality evidence also supports clips, argon plasma coagulation, and soft monopolar electrocoagulation; hemostatic powder spray TC-325 is suggested for actively bleeding ulcers and over-the-scope clips for recurrent ulcer bleeding after previous successful hemostasis. After endoscopic hemostasis, high-dose proton pump inhibitor therapy is recommended continuously or intermittently for 3 days, followed by twice-daily oral proton pump inhibitor for the first 2 weeks of therapy after endoscopy. Repeat endoscopy is suggested for recurrent bleeding, and if endoscopic therapy fails, transcatheter embolization is suggested.
MODIFIED POSSIBILISTIC FUZZY C-MEANS ALGORITHM FOR CLUSTERING INCOMPLETE DATA SETS
Authors: Rustam . , Usman Koredianto , Kamaruddin Mudyawati , Chamidah Dina , Nopendri . , Saleh Khaerudin , Eliskar Yulinda , Marzuki Ismail
Published: April 2021

A possibilistic fuzzy c-means (PFCM) algorithm is a reliable algorithm proposed to deal with the weaknesses associated with handling noise sensitivity and coincidence clusters in fuzzy c-means (FCM) and possibilistic c-means (PCM). However, the PFCM algorithm is only applicable to complete data sets. Therefore, this research modified the PFCM for clustering incomplete data sets to OCSPFCM and NPSPFCM with the performance evaluated based on three aspects, 1) accuracy percentage, 2) the number of iterations, and 3) centroid errors. The results showed that the NPSPFCM outperforms the OCSPFCM with missing values ranging from 5% − 30% for all experimental data sets. Furthermore, both algorithms provide average accuracies between 97.75%−78.98% and 98.86%−92.49%, respectively.
Políticas de segurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil e sua relação com a agricultura familiar
Authors: Bernardi Mizuno Patrícia , Marques Costa Sérgio , Regina Azevedo Arana Alba , Rodrigues Uliana Maíra
Published: April 2021

A evolução do conceito de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) no Brasil foi acompanhado ao longo dos anospela elaboração de políticas públicas de SAN voltadas à garantia do Direito Humano a Alimentação Adequada. Instituído em 2003 com base no diagnóstico do não atendimento do DHAA no país, o Programa “Fome Zero" tinha como proposta ações voltadas a melhoria de renda e aumento da oferta de alimentos. Com o objetivo de discutir o papel das politicas de SAN no Brasil, enfocando as estratégias do Programa “Fome Zero” como marco para a ação ao combate à fome e à miséria no país, o artigo o traz como questionamento: Qual o papel do programa “Fome Zero” para fortalecimento dos outros programas de transferência de renda no Brasil? Qual o diferencial do programa e sua contribuição para o incentivo a agricultura familiar no Brasil? De caráter descritivo, o estudo foi baseado na pesquisa documental feita em dados oficiais da FAO e do IBGE. A partir da análise da bibliografia e dos dados levantados é possível concluir que o programa Fome Zero representa importante eixo articulador das políticas de SAN no Brasil, permitindo a implantação de importantes políticas de acesso aos alimentos e de fortalecimento da agricultura familiar.
Fronteiras, mineração, conflitos e pressões em terras indígenas no Cerrado brasileiro
Authors: Mota Junior Everaldo Rodrigues , De Souza Silva Izaias , Gomes da Silva Lorranne
Published: April 2021

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo refletir sobre o avanço dos interesses minerários no bioma-território Cerrado, enfatizando suas implicações nas Terras Indígenas (TIs), no contexto do Neoextrativismo Ultraliberal Conservador, e da apropriação dos recursos naturais. O recurso metodológico foi com base em dados cartográficos produzidos por diferentes fontes entre elas: Agência Nacional de Mineração (ANM); Fundação Nacional do índio (FUNAI); entre outras. Observou-se nos dados selecionados as seguintes classes temáticas: os interesses minerários; os títulos minerários e o mapeamento da distribuição dos processos minerários nas proximidades das Terras Indígenas (TIs). Os resultados apresentados e discutidos mostram que houve avanços significativos dos processos minerários em fase de pesquisa nas últimas décadas no Cerrado, com uma alta concentração nos domínios do Cerrado goiano. Nesse contexto, observou que as Terras Indígenas se apresentam como pequenas áreas ilhadas em meio aos interesses minerários.
Conflitos territoriais e impactos socioambientais na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Preto, Maranhão - Brasil
Authors: Gusmão Soares Idevan , Araujo dos Santos Luiz Carlos , Nogueira de Melo Silas , Célia de Oliveira Regina
Published: April 2021

Tendo em vista os diferentes conflitos de uso e ocupação das terras presentes na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Preto/Maranhão, associado de forma mais específica ao modelo de apropriação do espaço assistido entre a população camponesa e a crescente atividade das indústrias de agronegócios, presentes na área de estudo, direcionamos as discussões para a apresentação dos principais impactos ambientais vinculados a atividade industrial presentes na bacia. Para tanto elegemos como procedimentos de investigação, a pesquisa bibliográfica, trabalho de campo e análises estatísticas com o uso de operações de geoprocessamento para confecção do mapa de conflitos por terra da bacia, recorrendo-se ao Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). Os resultados apontam que os conflitos que se materializam na área de estudo estão diretamente ligados com a reprodução ampliada do capitalismo e que, nas últimas duas décadas, os municípios de Urbano Santos, Santa Quitéria do Maranhão e Belágua se destacaram com maior número de conflitos por terra. Concluímos que o modelo de uso das terras assistidos na área de estudo, ao não considerar a relação de fragilidade dos sistemas naturais, altera de forma significativa a estabilidade de sistemas frágeis como o bioma Cerrado, comprometendo não apenas a permanência do próprio sistema natural, como a subsistência da população camponesa que utiliza-se desse bioma como parte de sua sobrevivência. Desta forma, o presente artigo nos elucida de que forma os conflitos acontecem, nos dando subsídios para elaboração de políticas públicas de prevenção a conflitos territoriais e diminuição de impactos ambientais.
Pengaruh Dimensi Mutu Pelayanan Keperawatan Terhadap Kepuasan Pasien di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Mayong Jepara
Authors: Sumarni Titik , Sudiro Sudiro
Published: April 2021

In PKU Muhammadiyah Mayong Jepara Hospital, in 3 years from 2013, 2014, and 2015 the number of patient dissatisfaction with nurse services was 20.5%, 22.6% and 25% respectively. According to Parasuraman et al. 5 dimensions of service quality that affect satisfaction are reliability, assurance, tangible, empathetic and responsiveness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the dimensions of nursing service quality on patient satisfaction in the Inpatient Installation of PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Mayong Jepara.This type of research is quantitative, with observational studies and uses a cross sectional approach. Data collection through surveys using a structured guided questionnaire in filling out questionnaires through interviews. The population of objects are  300 patients include 4 rooms. The inclusion criteria were patients who were returning home, the patient had been treated for 3 days, and the patient was 18 years old up to 60 years old. Exclusion criteria were VIP room patients, HCU chambers, isolation rooms, infants and children (less than 18 years), and elderly patients (over 60 years). The number of samples counted 75, the variables measured are 5 dimensions of service quality. Data were processed through univariate procedure with percentage, bivariate with pearson product momment.The results obtained from the responses of respondents in getting the lowest mean value is responsiveness, where all dimensions of service quality are related to patient satisfaction (p value <0.05). The strongest relationship is reliability.Recomendation: the nurse immediately handles the patient and provides quick response during the inpatient ward.
Kepercayaan Dimediasi Kepuasan Pasien terhadap Citra Rumah Sakit
Authors: Wijaya Johanes Tantra , Saptaningsih Agusdini Banun , Syah Tantri Yanuar Rahmat
Published: April 2021

Establishing an excellent hospital image is critical as many people are still experiencing trust issues for hospitals in Indonesia, especially in major cities. A hospital's image comes from its quality of service, the patient's trust in the quality of service, and the patient's satisfaction. This study tries to provide empirical evidence on the effect of quality of service and patient confidence on the hospital's image mediated by patient satisfaction. A quantitative - causality research method is used. Primary data was taken from survey to patients who are taking drugs in the outpatient pharmacy installation unit at Taman Sari Hospital, West Jakarta. This research uses AMOS-path analysis, and the results showed the quality of service and patient's trust had a positive and significant effect on the hospital's image with patient satisfaction as an intervening variable. Partially, the quality of service has a positive and significant effects on both patient satisfaction and hospital image. Patient confidence has a significant positive effect on patient satisfaction but it is insignificant to the hospital's image. Research findings show that a patient's trust has a positive impact on the hospital's image when mediated by patient satisfaction. Suggestions from this research are conducting training, i.e. speed training not to exceed the standard response time as well as competency, skills training and service excellence training for pharmaceutical personnel. Improving the quality of pharmacy facilities such as waiting rooms to make it more comfortable is also suggested
Lean Hospital: Strategy of Operational Financing Efficiency in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Muna Nihayatul , Ardini Lilis , Inayah Zufra
Published: April 2021

Health financing in Indonesia has increased from 27 US $ (2003) to 115 US $ (2017) and will continue to increase as the population increases. The JKN era is also a burden where health financing managed by BPJS is always deficit every year. Hospitals as health service providers must be able to carry out operational cost efficiency as mandated by the JKN era, namely quality control and cost control. One of the cost efficiency methods is the implementation of lean management in hospital operational processes, especially the supply chain management process (procurement, inventory control, distribution planning and demand management). This study aims to evaluate the improvement process and cost efficiency after the implementation of lean management in the supply chain management process at the hospital. This study used a single holistic case study method with the unit of analysis at the Lean team level at Panti Rapih Hospital, Yogyakarta. Research subjects are employees in the team who are directly involved in the implementation of lean management. Selection of research subjects based on purposive sampling. Total sample of 7 respondents for in-depth interview process. The research instrument used an interview guide. The result of this research is that lean management which is applied in the logistic unit of the neat orphanage hospital can reduce waste such as motion, inventory, and waiting time. In addition, another benefit that can be felt by management is increasing cost efficiency. The conclusion of this study is that lean management is recommended to be applied in health services such as hospitals.
The Relationship Between Gadget Usage and Adolescent Sleep Quality
Authors: Ivana Indi , Murniati Murniati , Ayu Trisno Putri Noor Rochmah Ida
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Adolescent are very interested in gadgets that make it easier for them to carry out various social activities. One of the problems that can arise from gadget overuse is decreased quality of sleep. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between gadget usage behavior and adolescent sleep quality. Methods: Cross-sectional design was used in this study. Ninety-nine respondents had chosen with a proportionate stratified random sampling. Analysis was done by Chi square test. Results: Data analysis showed that 84.8% of the respondents were categorized as gadget addiction and 80.8% of the respondents experienced poor sleep quality. The relationship between gadget usage and sleep quality was significant with a p-value of 0.0001. Conclusion: There was a relationship between gadget usage and sleep quality in adolescents, in which gadget dependency had poorer quality of sleep.
Teoria splątana
Authors: Krajewska Anna
Published: April 2021

Referring to her earlier articles, Anna Krajewska develops her own concept of “entangled theory”. Adopting the principles of operation of elementary particles in quantum physics, referred to as the “entanglement state”, she proposes to see literary studies through anti-binary, performative concepts, which include, above all, anamorphosis. She ties theory in with the process of experiencing art. She proposes to “entangle” seeing in art (the viewer in front of the painting) with the role of seeing in theory (the viewer as practising dramaturgy). In this approach, the theory appears as the theory of entanglement. In this concept, disciplines become dramaturgies.
W stronę teorii hybrydowych – między studiami o niesprawności i posthumanizmem
Authors: Gajewska Grażyna
Published: April 2021

The author analyses the theoretical and empirical convergence between posthumanist studies and disability studies. She begins with an explanation of the philosophy and tasks that researchers on posthuman disability set themselves. She discusses this issue using the example of the movie Orchids. My Intersex Adventure by the Australian director Phoebe Hart and her autobiographical texts. In the last part of the article, the author focuses on the concept of hybrid theories based on intersectionality.
Katapulta, czyli przygody polonistyki niezdyscyplinowanej
Authors: Nawarecki Aleksander
Published: April 2021

This article is about the possibilities of transdisciplinary research and was written from the perspective of the specialist in Polish philology. The paper also refers to proposals presented at the 12th Convention of Specialists in Polish Studies [Zjazd Polonistów] (2011) and the volume Nowa humanistyka (New Humanities) (2017). These texts postulated transforming the specific “identity” of Polish philology into cultural studies or anthropology of literature and an attempt to “build bridges” with other specializations so far falling within the paradigm of interdisciplinarity. The author proposes a better way to cross the traditional divisions between the humanities and sciences and presents the term “transdisciplinarity”, which is somehow connected to the metaphor of “jumping over the wall”. Consequently, he proposes the figure of the catapult, which is used in poetics, is derived from the military machine, and is now understood as a rescue launcher. Thinking in terms of catapult assume a ferocity and the risk of entering foreign territory, the need to enter into a direct, concrete and difficult relationship with another world (of matter, laws, methods and problems).
Elena Chernikova, Financial Law and Financial Science: Development and Interaction (Prawo finansowe i nauka o finansach: rozwój i interakcja), „Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Iuridica” 2020, vol. 66, no. 3, s. 37–42, DOI: 10.14712/23366478.2020.23
Authors: Dąbrowski Karol
Published: April 2021

Elena Chernikova, Financial Law and Financial Science: Development and Interaction (Prawo finansowe i nauka o finansach: rozwój i interakcja), „Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Iuridica” 2020, vol. 66, no. 3 (opr. Karol Dąbrowski)
A new fixation-free 3D multilamellar preperitoneal implant for open inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Brescia Antonio , Tomassini Federico , Berardi Giammauro , Pezzatini Massimo , Cosenza Umile Michele , Castiglia Davide , Dall’Oglio Anna , Salaj Adelona , Gasparrini Marcello
Published: April 2021

Between September 2014 and December 2015, 32 patients with inguinal hernia were treated using a new 3D mesh in our department. This mesh is characterized by a multilamellar flower-shaped central core with a flat, large-pore polypropylene ovoid disk that has to be implanted preperitoneally. Compared with the traditional Lichtenstein procedure, we observed a shorter mean duration of surgery and a significantly lower mean visual analogue scale (VAS) postoperative pain score recorded immediately after the procedure in the 3D mesh group. The mean VAS score recoded after 4 and 8 postoperative days showed better results in the 3D mesh group than the control group. Moreover, there was reduced postoperative morbidity in the 3D mesh group than the control group, even if no patients experienced severe complications.
Is Canadian surgical residency training stressful?
Authors: Aminazadeh Nasser , Farrokhyar Forough , Naeeni Amir , Naeeni Marjan , Reid Susan , Kashfi Arash , Kahnamoui Kamyar
Published: April 2021

Background: Surgical residency has the reputation of being arduous and stressful. We sought to determine the stress levels of surgical residents, the major causes of stress and the coping mechanisms used. Methods: We developed and distributed a survey among surgical residents across Canada. Results: A total of 169 participants responded: 97 (57%) male and 72 (43%) female graduates of Canadian (83%) or foreign (17%) medical schools. In all, 87% reported most of the past year of residency as somewhat stressful to extremely stressful, with time pressure (90%) being the most important stressor, followed by number of working hours (83%), residency program (73%), working conditions (70%), caring for patients (63%) and financial situation (55%). Insufficient sleep and frequent call was the component of residency programs that was most commonly rated as highly stressful (31%). Common coping mechanisms included staying optimistic (86%), engaging in enjoyable activities (83%), consulting others (75%) and exercising (69%). Mental or emotional problems during residency were reported more often by women (p = 0.006), who were also more likely than men to seek help (p = 0.026), but men reported greater financial stress (p = 0.036). Foreign graduates reported greater stress related to working conditions (p < 0.001), residency program (p = 0.002), caring for family members (p = 0.006), discrimination (p < 0.001) and personal and family safety (p < 0.001) than Canadian graduates. Conclusion: Time pressure and working hours were the most common stressors overall, and lack of sleep and call frequency were the most stressful components of the residency program. Female sex and graduating from a non-Canadian medical school increased the likelihood of reporting stress in certain areas of residency.
Schools of Empiricism
Authors: Friedolin Lingg Andreas
Published: April 2021

Recent research emphasizes that empiricist approaches already emerged long before the seventeenth and eighteenth century. While many of these contributions focus on specific professions, it is the aim of this article to supplement this discourse by describing certain social spaces that fostered empiricist attitudes. A particularly interesting example in this respect is the mining region of the Erzgebirge (Saxony) in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. The following article will use this mining district as a kind of historical laboratory, as a space not only for scientific observation but also as a structure within which specific forms of knowledge were socially tested, to show how the economic transformation of this region supported the rise of characteristic elements of empiricist thinking. It is common practice to link the appraisal of useful knowledge, (personal) experience and the distrust towards (scholastic) authorities in those days with only small minorities. By addressing not only the struggles of the commercial elites but also the challenges faced by the average resident of a mining town, this paper tries to add to this view by demonstrating how entire masses of people inhabiting the late medieval Erzgebirge were affected by and schooled to think in empiricist ways.
Enervating the Divine: Seeking New Intuitions about God from a Time of Pandemic
Authors: Oberg Andrew
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has upended our planet in ways that could not have been foreseen. Yet even as the world has shifted, the “worlds” of our conceptual habitations have not, and this is particularly the case with regards to religious beliefs. It is from within this context that the present study seeks clarity. Beginning at the beginning, the paper sets out from a re-examination of the foundational creation myth of Western societies, and argues that a more careful reading of the actual presentation of that account, along with some situational explanations, results in an understanding of divinity that stresses neither omnipotence nor omniscience. The article then transitions to the importance of the notional in grounding and generating social behaviors, employing phenomenological and psychological research and analytical methods. Intuitions are seen to be central in the personally based methodology undertaken, and the conceptual–perceptional brace of the notion/event is offered as a theoretical construct. Finally, an attempt at application is made through a return to the earlier explication of a reduced idea of divinity, and subtle gestures at possibly resulting ethical calls are given. Although the virus has taken charge of our lives, and although even God/“God” might not be in absolute control, the “world” is yet ours to (re)make.
“Conversation is simply something to begin with”: Methodologische Herausforderungen durch Videodaten in der qualitativen Sozialforschung am Beispiel der Konversationsanalyse
Authors: Hitzler Sarah , Böhringer Daniela
Published: April 2021

Neue Datenformen fordern bestehende Forschungsansätze heraus, nicht nur technisch, sondern auch theoretisch-methodologisch. Eine der technischen Neuerungen, die in jüngerer Zeit starke Bewegung in die qualitative Forschung gebracht haben, ist die zunehmende Vereinfachung bei der Erstellung, Speicherung und Bearbeitung von Videomaterial. Der Artikel stellt zentrale Herausforderungen im Umgang mit solchen „bewegten Bildern“ und ihrer Transkription und Analyse dar. Diese spezifischen Herausforderungen (Detaillierungssog, Allwissenheit und zu starke bzw. mangelnde Befremdung im Umgang mit Datenmaterial) werden am Beispiel der Konversationsanalyse herausgearbeitet. Die Konversationsanalyse stellt eines der ältesten Forschungsprogramme innerhalb des qualitativen Methodenspektrums dar. An ihrem Beispiel lässt sich zeigen, wie stark „neue“ Datenformen auf ursprüngliche methodologische Grundannahmen rückwirken und sie en passant in Frage stellen. Im Artikel wird dafür plädiert, solche Veränderungen aktiv methodologisch zu diskutieren und sie nicht schleichend geschehen zu lassen.
EU-Osterweiterung und symbolische Grenzziehungen: Eine qualitative Fallstudie der Beamt*innen der Europäischen Kommission
Authors: Drewski Daniel
Published: April 2021

Im Zuge des europäischen Integrationsprozesses sind zahlreiche europäische soziale Felder und Organisationen entstanden, in denen Akteur*innen aus den unterschiedlichen EU-Mitgliedstaaten regelmäßig miteinander interagieren und kooperieren. Aktuelle Debatten werfen jedoch erneut die im Kontext der EU-Osterweiterung diskutierte Frage auf, ob diese zu einer Erschwerung der Zusammenarbeit innerhalb der europäischen Institutionen sowie zu einer Abnahme der Kohäsion der EU geführt hat. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich den Folgen der Osterweiterung für die Europäische Kommission und untersucht die Aushandlung symbolischer Grenzziehungen zwischen Beamt*innen aus den „alten/westlichen“ und „neuen/östlichen“ EU-Mitgliedstaaten. Auf der Grundlage von Leitfadeninterviews wird gezeigt, dass die regionale Herkunft kein explizites Grenzziehungskriterium darstellt. Dennoch werden wahrgenommene Unterschiede in Bezug auf Karrierechancen, Organisationskulturen, sprachliche Präferenzen und Berufsethiken durch Rückgriff auf die regionale Herkunft interpretiert.