bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestibility of Kudzu‐resistant starch prepared by different methods
Authors: Guan Yongmei , Wang Meichen , Song Xinqi , Ye Shenghang , Jiang Cheng , Dong Huanhuan , Zhu Weifeng
Published: September 2022

Three different methods, including autoclaving, autoclaving–debranching, and purification, were used to prepare Kudzu‐resistant starch (KRS) from Kudzu starch (KS). The physicochemical properties, such as thermodynamic properties, pasting properties, solubility, swelling, and coagulability, as well as the in vitro digestive characteristics of the three kinds of KRS were studied. The results showed that the morphology of starch granules of KRS prepared by autoclave, autoclave enzymatic hydrolysis, and purification methods was changed and the relative crystallinity was significantly decreased compared with the original starch. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed that KRS exists in the form of C and C+V crystalline form. There was a significant increase in the pasting temperature and a remarkable decrease in the peak viscosity and the expansion degree of the KRS prepared by all three methods. The solubility of the resistant starch (RS) obtained by autoclaving–debranching and that by purification were both increased compared to that of native KS, while the solubility of the RS obtained by autoclaving was decreased. Meanwhile, the retrogradation of the three RS was also improved to varying degrees. The contents of RS in the samples were: P‐KRS (71%) > DA‐KRS (43%) > A‐KRS (42%) > KS (9%). Simulated human in vitro digestion experiments showed that RS has stronger antidigestibility properties than native starch. Among them, the RS prepared by the purification method has stronger antidigestive properties, and it is predicted that it may have a better potential value in regulating blood glucose. These results indicated that the processing properties of KRS, especially the digestibility, are significantly improved and can be used as a new functional food ingredient, which deserves thorough study.
Decreasing distance from tumor to the language network causes language deficit
Authors: Fang Shengyu , Weng Shimeng , Li Lianwang , Guo Yuhao , Zhang Zhong , Fan Xing , Jiang Tao , Wang Yinyan
Published: September 2022

Preoperative language deficits are associated with alterations in the language networks of patients with gliomas. This study investigated how gliomas affect language performance by altering the language network. Ninety patients with lower‐grade gliomas were included, and their preoperative language performance was evaluated using the Western Aphasia Battery. We also calculated the topological properties based on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. All patients were classified according to aphasia quotient (AQ) into the aphasia (AQ < 93.8), mild anomia (AQ > 93.8 and naming section <9.8), and normal groups (AQ > 93.8). The shortest distance from the tumor to the language network (SDTN) was evaluated to identify the effect on language performance induced by the tumor. One‐way analysis of variance and post hoc analysis with Sidak correction were used to analyze the differences in topological properties among the three groups. Causal mediation analysis was used to identify indirectly affected mediators. Compared with the mild anomia group, longer shortest path length (p = .0016), lower vulnerability (p = .0331), and weaker nodal efficiencies of three nodes (right caudal Brodmann area [BA] 45, right caudal BA 22, and left BA 41/42, all p < .05) were observed in the aphasia group. The SDTN mediated nodal degree centrality and nodal vulnerability (left rostroventral BA 39), which negatively affected the AQs. Conventional language eloquent and mirrored areas participated in the language network alterations induced by gliomas. The SDTN was a mediator that affected the preoperative language status in patients with gliomas.
Considering gene therapy to protect from X‐linked deafness DFNX2 and associated neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Defourny Jean
Published: September 2022

Mutations and deletions in the gene or upstream of the gene encoding the POU3F4 transcription factor cause X‐linked progressive deafness DFNX2 and additional neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. Hearing loss can be purely sensorineural or mixed, that is, with both conductive and sensorineural components. Affected males show anatomical abnormalities of the inner ear, which are jointly defined as incomplete partition type III. Current approaches to improve hearing and speech skills of DFNX2 patients do not seem to be fully effective. Owing to inner ear malformations, cochlear implantation is surgically difficult and may predispose towards severe complications. Even in cases where implantation is safely performed, hearing and speech outcomes remain highly variable among patients. Mouse models for DFNX2 deafness revealed that sensorineural loss could arise from a dysfunction of spiral ligament fibrocytes in the lateral wall of the cochlea, which leads to reduced endocochlear potential. Highly positive endocochlear potential is critical for sensory hair cell mechanotransduction and hearing. In this context, here, we propose to develop a therapeutic approach in male Pou3f4−/y mice based on an adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vector‐mediated gene transfer in cochlear spiral ligament fibrocytes. Among a broad range of AAV vectors, AAV7 was found to show a strong tropism for the spiral ligament. Thus, we suggest that an AAV7‐mediated delivery of Pou3f4 complementary DNA in the spiral ligament of Pou3f4−/y mice could represent an attractive strategy to prevent fibrocyte degeneration and to restore normal cochlear functions and properties, including a positive endocochlear potential, before hearing loss progresses to profound deafness.
Sinomenine pretreatment alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury through activating Nrf‐2/HO‐1 pathway
Authors: Hui Bo , Shu Yantao , Yang Dandan , Wang Zhidong , Zhang Li , Lei Nina , Yang Zhengan
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is induced by an interrupted blood flow and succeeding blood restoration, which is common in the operation of liver transplantation. Serious IR injury is a major reason leading to transplant failure. Hepatic IR is featured by excessive inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Sinomenine (SIN) is derived from the herb Sinomeniumacutum and shows properties of anti‐inflammation and antiapoptosis in multiple IR‐induced organ injuries. However, the effect of SIN in hepatic IR has not been investigated.

Methods

This study aims to investigate impacts of SIN on hepatic IR and the involved signaling pathway. An in vivo rat model of syngeneic orthotopic liver transplantation was constructed to induce the hepatic IR injury.

Results

Results showed that SIN pretreatment provided a significant prevention against IR‐induced hepatic injury as manifested by the downregulated activities of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, the alleviatedoxidative stress as shown by increased activities of serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased serum level of malondialdehyde, the suppressed inflammatory responses as shown by downregulated serum tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8 levels, and upregulated IL‐10 level, as well as attenuated apoptosis as shown by decreased protein expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and −9. In line with these results, SIN pretreatment also alleviatedthe hepatic histopathological changes in IR rats and induced Nrf‐2/HO‐1 activation. The use of brusatol, a selective inhibitor for Nrf‐2, effectively reversed SIN‐induced above effects.

Conclusions

Altogether, our results demonstrate that SIN might be a useful therapeutic drug for preventing hepatic IR‐induced injury during clinical liver transplantation.
Bedtime procrastination mediates the relation between anxiety and sleep problems
Authors: Campbell Rebecca L. , Bridges Ana J.
Published: September 2022

The prevalence of sleep problems is high in primary care patients and in anxious individuals. This study assessed whether total sleep time and bedtime procrastination mediated the association between anxiety and sleep problems. We predicted higher anxiety would be negatively associated with total sleep time and positively associated with bedtime procrastination and sleep problems, and these variables would statistically mediate the association between anxiety and sleep problems. Participants were 308 adult primary care patients, predominantly female (non‐Hispanic White = 158, Latinx = 111, mean age = 33.30), who initiated behavioral health services at an integrated primary care clinic. Patients completed a questionnaire regarding psychological health and sleep behaviors. Using structural equation modeling, we found higher anxiety related to higher sleep problems, partially mediated by bedtime procrastination but not total sleep time. This study highlights related factors like anxiety and prebedtime behaviors that may be effective treatment targets for sleep challenges.
Examining heterogeneity in mentoring: Associations between mentoring discussion topics and youth outcomes
Authors: Alwani Noor A. , Lyons Michael D. , Edwards Kelly D.
Published: September 2022

The current study aims to apply a staged approach to document heterogeneity in discussions in mentoring relationships, chiefly, discussion topics from weekly mentoring sessions with undergraduate women mentors (n = 40), then link each of the eight topics (relationships with friends, family, teachers, and romantic relationships, as well as goals, academic skills, academic problems, and hopes for the future) to developmental outcomes for middle school girls (n = 41) who participated in a school‐based mentoring program. In doing so, the authors hope to better understand the mechanisms that influence variability in mentoring treatment effects. Mentoring dyads engaged in unstructured one‐on‐one sessions and structured group meetings across the 2018−2019 academic year. The primary predictors for this study are weekly mentor‐reported discussion topics and activities addressed during unstructured one‐on‐one mentoring sessions, with 11 social‐emotional, academic, and behavioral outcomes measured via pre‐ and postsurveys administered by research assistants to mentees during the fall and spring. A series of 11 path analyses indicate small to moderate associations, both beneficial and negative, between key discussion topics, such as hopes for the future, family relationships, and goals, and several mentee‐reported outcomes of interest at the end of the intervention, including extrinsic motivation, life satisfaction, and self‐esteem. Study findings provide information about heterogeneity in mentoring practices to inform how various mechanisms of mentoring (e.g., discussions focused on relationships, goals and skills, and strengths) influence developmentally‐relevant effects for youth.
Gross, ultrastructural, and histological characterizations of pecten oculi of the glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus): New insights into its scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X‐ray analysis
Authors: Kandyle Ramadan , El Basyouny Hebat Allah , Morsy Kareem , Abourashed Nagah M. , Madkour Naglaa , Abumandour Mohamed M. A.
Published: September 2022

The current study shows the first attempts to clarify the gross, ultrastructure, and histological properties of the pecten oculi of the diurnal, visually active glossy ibis, as well as scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM–EDX) image analysis (Plegadis falcinellus). The pecten oculi was found on the eyeball's posteroinferior wall, adjacent to the optic nerve in both the craniocaudal and posterio‐anterior directions. The plicated quadrilateral black pigmented pecten oculi consisted of a base, 10–12 pleats, and an apex. The base was joined by an elevated ridge and derived from the non‐vascular retina, while the apex was not a fused part and was found neighboring the gelatinous vitreous body. The limited interpleat spaces were somewhat wider at the base of the pecten oculi. The outer surface of each highly vascular pecten pleat revealed a tortious coiled formation due to the existence of a considerable number of capillary vessels. The outer pleat surfaces had a vitreopecteneal limiting membrane that segregated the pecten pleats from the vitreous body. The high SEM magnification revealed that there are considerable plentiful hyalocyte cells on the outer surface of the pleats. The SEM–EDX analysis of the elementary formatting of the pecten oculi (at apex, middle, and base) clarified that the carbon represents the highest and a half percent. Furthermore, oxygen represents one‐third of all elemental composition in the three regions, while the lowest percentage is calcium. Finally, the pecten oculi characterizations of this migratory bird on the Northern Egyptian shore were associated with their adaptive dietary strategies.
Ernest Dichter's fur coat models: Fashioning a therapeutic culture
Authors: Rudeen Christopher M.
Published: September 2022

Discussions of the rise of therapeutic culture have tended toward the abstract, in part due to a focus on theory. This article looks at the case of Ernest Dichter's motivational research, particularly a study conducted on fur coats in the late 1950s, to locate this broader cultural shift more materially. Motivational research was a broad project of study that aimed to uncover unconscious consumer desires using the tools of psychology and psychoanalysis. This project materialized culture first through the pen‐and‐paper projective test created for the study, which sorted styles of fur into different classifications of womanhood, and second through the fur coats themselves, which were granted by Dichter a psychological agency of their own in their relationship with middle‐class women. Through this study, Dichter observed a shift in Americans' understanding of the self, a movement away from meeting physiological needs to addressing their inner lives; changing economic conditions had granted more income and free time with which to look inward, and Americans wanted consumer goods to aid in such self‐discovery. Dichter suggested that the fur industry capitalize on this change by emphasizing the versatility of fur and the role of objects more generally in fostering creative self‐expression. The advertising office was where theory was put into practice. In that way, it is a uniquely generative though often overlooked space from which to look into the rise of the therapeutic culture.
Fabrication and characterization of gelatin–EGCG–pectin ternary complex: formation mechanism, emulsion stability, and structure
Authors: Huang Xiang , Tu Rui , Song Hongbo , Dong Kai , Geng Fang , Chen Lei , Huang Qun , Wu Yingmei
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Protein–polyphenol–polysaccharide ternary complex particles have better emulsion interfacial stability compared to protein–polysaccharide binary complexes. However, knowledge is scarce when it comes to the fabrication of protein–polyphenol–polysaccharide ternary complexes as interfacial stabilizers and the interactions between the three substances. In the present work, ternary complexes were prepared using gelatin, high methoxyl pectin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as raw materials. The effect of different influencing factors on the formation process of ternary complexes was investigated by varying different parameters. physicochemical stability, emulsifying properties, and structural characteristics were analyzed.

RESULTS

The ternary complex had a smaller particle size (275 nm) and polydispersity index (0.112) when the mass concentration ratio of gelatin to high methoxyl pectin was 9:1, addition of EGCG was 0.05%, pH value was 3.0, and ionic strength was 10 mmol L−1. Meanwhile, the complex had the highest emulsifying stability index (691.75 min) and emulsifying activity index (22.96 m2 g−1). Scanning electron microscopical observation demonstrated that the addition of EGCG promoted the dispersion of ternary complex more uniformly, and effectively reduced the agglomeration phenomenon. The discrepancy in fluorescence intensity suggested that interactions between EGCG and gelatin occurred, which altered the protein spatial conformation of gelatin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis elucidated that hydrogen bond interaction was the primary non‐covalent interaction between EGCG and gelatin–high methoxyl pectin binary complex.

CONCLUSION

The aforementioned results purposed to provide some theoretical reference and basis for the rational design of stable protein–polyphenol–polysaccharide ternary complexes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rapeseed peptide inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation by regulating the mitochondrial and P53 signaling pathways
Authors: Ma Keer , Wang Zhigao , Ju Xingrong , Huang Jiankang , He Rong
Published: September 2022

Background

Rapeseed peptide, extracted from rapeseed protein, is known to have a variety of biological activities. In this study, the anti‐proliferation effect and molecular mechanism of rapeseed peptide on HepG2 cells were investigated.

Results

In vitro anticancer experiments showed that the rapeseed peptide NDGNQPL could inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation in a concentration‐dependent manner [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), 1.56 mmol L−1). HepG2 cells were induced by NDGNQPL at a 0.5 mmol L−1 concentration and exhibited a 28.39 ± 0.80% apoptosis rate and a cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Meanwhile, rapeseed peptide induced a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and changes in the nuclear morphology of HepG2 cells, indicating that rapeseed peptide could induce cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, rapeseed peptide activated the proliferation‐related P53 signaling pathway, in which the expression levels of P53, P21, and cleaved‐caspase3 were up‐regulated, while the expression levels of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) were down‐regulated. In molecular docking simulations, NDGNQPL exhibited a good affinity for the MDM2 molecule, which supported the notion that the rapeseed peptide is able to inhibit MDM2, a negative regulator of P53.

Conclusion

The current results indicate that the rapeseed‐derived NDGNQPL peptide has the potential to inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and promote human health. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Standard versus longer interval of radical resection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: A 20‐year single‐center experience & propensity‐score matching
Authors: Khamzina Saule , Lee Jongoh , Ryoo Seung‐Bum , Kim Min Jung , Park Ji Won , Kang Hyun‐Cheol , Chie Eui Kyu , Lee Dae‐Won , Han Sae‐Won , Kim Tae‐You , Jeong Seung‐Yong , Park Kyu Joo
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

Despite the standard interval of 6−8 weeks between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgery, it is debated whether an interval of >8 weeks increases the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. We investigated the interval between nCRT and surgery, and its impact on oncological outcomes and postoperative complications in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients with rectal cancer who underwent total mesorectal excision after long‐course nCRT between 2000 and 2020. They were divided into two groups—those who underwent surgery at 6−8 and >8 weeks after nCRT. Surgical outcomes (stoma rate and postoperative complications), pCR, tumor regression grade (TRG), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared.

Results

We selected 770/1153 patients with rectal cancer, including 502 and 268 patients surgically treated at 6−8 and >8 weeks after nCRT, respectively. The pCR rates were similar between the two groups (14.7% vs. 15.3%, p = 0.836), while the TRG was significantly better in the >8 weeks group (p = 0.267). Additionally, the postoperative complications, recurrence, 5‐year RFS, and OS rates were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions

Although tumor regression increased in the >8 weeks group, the oncological benefits of surgery >8 weeks after nCRT remain uncertain.
Curative‐intent treatment of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer: A comparison between imaging‐guided thermal ablation and surgery
Authors: Karam Elias , Tabutin Mayeul , Mastier Charles , Crignis Lucas De , Peyrat Patrice , Martin Valentine , Badon Floriane , Muller Xavier , Meeus Pierre , Rivoire Michel , Dupré Aurélien
Published: September 2022

Background

Pulmonary metastases (PM) are the most frequent extra‐abdominal metastases from colorectal cancer. Lung resection and imaging‐guided thermal ablation (IGTA) are used as curative‐intent treatment. We compared the outcomes of patients with PM, treated with resection or ablation.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent surgery or IGTA for colorectal PM between April 2011 and November 2020. Surgery was performed for peripheral PM and IGTA for deep‐located PM not in contact with major vessels. Patients who had both procedures were excluded. Patients were compared using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, stratified according to number, size, and unilaterality of PM.

Results

One hundred and fourty‐six patients were included, 65 (44.5%) underwent surgery and 81 (55.5%) underwent IGTA. After PSM analysis, each group contained 46 patients. IGTA patients had a lower morbidity rate (13.1% vs. 15.2%, p = 0.028) and a shorter length of stay (5.13 vs. 2.63 days, p < 0.001). Oncological outcomes were similar in both groups with 5‐year OS of 80% and 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) of 30% (p = 0.657 and p = 0.504, respectively) with similar recurrence patterns.

Conclusion

Lung resection and IGTA seem to have similar oncologic outcomes for both OS and PFS. IGTA could be an alternative effective treatment for small PM, whenever technically feasible.
Socio‐cultural impacts of peer‐to‐peer accommodation on host communities
Authors: Petruzzi Marina A. , Marques Catarina , Campos Ana Cláudia
Published: September 2022

Peer‐to‐peer accommodation has recently emerged as a central focus of research in tourism and hospitality. However, research on socio‐cultural impacts of peer‐to‐peer accommodation is fragmented. This study reviews the relevant literature on the socio‐cultural impacts of peer‐to‐peer accommodation on host communities and proposes an integrative framework and a working definition for goal socio‐cultural impacts of peer‐to‐peer accommodation. This literature review contributes to knowledge of how this business paradigm affects and frames host communities and integrates the factors that should be explored by researchers, policymakers, and organizations to manage the impacts of peer‐to‐peer accommodation on host communities.
Experimental Preparation and Manipulation of Squeezed Cat States via an All‐Optical In‐Line Squeezer
Authors: Wang Meihong , Zhang Miao , Qin Zhongzhong , Zhang Qiang , Zeng Li , Su Xiaolong , Xie Changde , Peng Kunchi
Published: September 2022

The squeezed cat state, an essential quantum resource, can be used for quantum error correction and slowing decoherence of the optical cat state. However, preparing a squeezed cat state with high generation rate, and effectively manipulating it, remain challenging. In this work, a high‐performance all‐optical in‐line squeezer is developed to prepare a squeezed cat state and manipulate the phase of the quadrature squeezing. This scheme has the advantages that the phase of the quadrature squeezing of the squeezed cat state can be manipulated by changing the working condition of the squeezer, and that a higher generation rate can be achieved via the deterministic squeezing operation of the in‐line squeezer. The generation rate of squeezed cat states reaches 2 kHz, the same as that of the initial cat state. The all‐optical in‐line squeezer proposed here removes the requirements of electro‐optic and opto‐electric conversions necessary for an off‐line squeezer, thus enabling high‐bandwidth squeezing operations on non‐Gaussian states. These results provide an efficient method to prepare and manipulate optical squeezed cat states, which makes a step closer to their applications in all‐optical quantum information processing.
Nonlinear Chiroptical Holography with Pancharatnam–Berry Phase Controlled Plasmonic Metasurface
Authors: Wang Mingjie , Li Yang , Tang Yutao , Chen Jiafei , Rong Rong , Li Guixin , Cao Tun , Chen Shumei
Published: September 2022

Metasurface optical holography represents an important technique for developing ultrathin diffractive optical elements. Among various designs, the metasurface devices with strong chiroptical responses offer a new degree of freedom to manipulate light fields. However, in a linear optical regime, it is usually complicated to realize strong chiroptical properties with metasurfaces. Here, nonlinear chiroptical holography using the Pancharatnam–Berry phase controlled achiral metasurface is reported. The metasurface consists of mirror symmetry breaking plasmonic meta‐atoms. Under the pumping of a fundamental wave, the achiral meta‐atoms radiate second harmonic waves with strong circular dichroism and spin dependent Pancharatnam–Berry phase. Both the amplitude and phase of the second harmonic waves can be independently and simultaneously controlled at the subwavelength scale. As a proof of concept, the spin selective nonlinear chiroptical holography is experimentally demonstrated through the second harmonic process on gold plasmonic metasurfaces. The proposed nonlinear metasurface with Pancharatnam–Berry phase and chiroptical properties open new avenues for multifunctional wavefront engineering and optical information processing.
Enriching captivity conditions with natural elements does not prevent the loss of wild‐like gut microbiota but shapes its compositional variation in two small mammals
Authors: Koziol Adam , Odriozola Iñaki , Nyholm Lasse , Leonard Aoife , San José Carlos , Pauperio Joana , Ferreira Clara , Hansen Anders J. , Aizpurua Ostaizka , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Alberdi Antton
Published: September 2022

As continued growth in gut microbiota studies in captive and model animals elucidates the importance of their role in host biology, further pursuit of how to retain a wild‐like microbial community is becoming increasingly important to obtain representative results from captive animals. In this study, we assessed how the gut microbiota of two wild‐caught small mammals, namely Crocidura russula (Eulipotyphla, insectivore) and Apodemus sylvaticus (Rodentia, omnivore), changed when bringing them into captivity. We analyzed fecal samples of 15 A. sylvaticus and 21 C. russula, immediately after bringing them into captivity and 5 weeks later, spread over two housing treatments: a “natural” setup enriched with elements freshly collected from nature and a “laboratory” setup with sterile artificial elements. Through sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S recombinant RNA gene, we found that the initial microbial diversity dropped during captivity in both species, regardless of treatment. Community composition underwent a change of similar magnitude in both species and under both treatments. However, we did observe that the temporal development of the gut microbiome took different trajectories (i.e., changed in different directions) under different treatments, particularly in C. russula, suggesting that C. russula may be more susceptible to environmental change. The results of this experiment do not support the use of microbially enriched environments to retain wild‐like microbial diversities and compositions, yet show that specific housing conditions can significantly affect the drift of microbial communities under captivity.
A hybrid fusion precipitation bias correction approach for Yin‐He global spectral model
Authors: Hu Yi‐Fan , Yin Fu‐Kang , Zhang Wei‐Min , Deng Ke‐Feng
Published: September 2022

In this article, we explored the performance of several fusion strategies for bias correction of precipitation on U‐Net‐based‐models and proposed a simple but efficient hybrid fusion strategy. The geopotential, vertical velocity, specific humidity and 3‐h cumulative precipitation from Yin‐He global spectral model (YHGSM) re‐forecast products are used as multiple correction factors, and the 3‐h cumulative precipitation calculated from ERA5 are used as labels. Experimental results reveal that, our hybrid fusion strategy can reduce the number of parameters by about 40% and obtain better fraction skill score (FSS) and threat score (TS). For TS of 0.1, 3.0, 10.0 and 20. 0 mm, U‐Net with hybrid fusion improves 31.8%, 97.0%, 314.0% and 576.0% than YHGSM, improves 1.3%, 3.0%, 3.6% and 10.5% than the classical U‐Net. This hybrid fusion strategy should provide a feasible approach to utilize multiple information inputs more efficiently in geophysics field.
Numerical investigation of mass transfer behavior of a gas–liquid two‐phase Taylor flow in a microchannel by a volume‐of‐fluid multiphase flow system
Authors: Zhong Qiuwen , Jiao Zhen , Nie Wenhui , Li Yan , Gu Ning
Published: September 2022

The microchannel reactor is the most commonly used microreaction technology, an innovative reaction system developed in recent years. This study investigates the mass transfer behavior of a gas–liquid two‐phase Taylor flow in a microchannel by coupling the volume‐of‐fluid model and the species transport model. The concentration distribution and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of the gas solute are determined and discussed in detail. The simulation results reveal that the double‐circulation flow influences the concentration distribution in the liquid slug. The highest value is observed at the bubble's surface and decreases rapidly along the vertical direction of the bubble. The increase of bubble velocity leads to a more apparent decreasing trend. The gas–liquid interface renewal rate of the bubble is accelerated with increasing bubble velocity, resulting in an increase in the average mass transfer rate in all regions of the bubble surface with an increase in bubble velocity. The results also indicate that the liquid film area contributes the most to the mass transfer behavior due to the most significant proportion and average mass transfer rate of the liquid film among the bubble.
Ballistic performance of novel design of bulletproof plates inspired by biomimetic approaches
Authors: Kayacan Mevlüt Yunus , Üzün Ahmet
Published: September 2022

Metal and polymer matrix composite materials are preferred in bulletproof applications due to their high‐impact resistance and lightness. Personal/demand‐specific designs that have become possible with the developing additive manufacturing technologies have brought a new perspective to armor technologies. At the same time, parts with complex structures designed with biomimetic approaches can be easily manufactured with additive manufacturing. In this study, biomimetic armors obtained from standard Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and Inconel 718 materials were compared with traditional armor structures. Within the scope of the study, 9 × 19 mm2 parabellum and 7.62 mm NATO bullets were impacted at 275 m/s and 600 m/s speeds on biomimetic and conventional armor consisting of three and five layers. Bullet velocities during impact, deformation of bullets, deformation of armor, and harmonic behavior are discussed. The results obtained were also used to calculate the damped impact energies. In the study, it was determined that biomimetic plates could absorb 22%–38% more impact energy. It has been determined that CFRP materials can absorb 45% more impact energy compared to Inconel 718.
Lung ultrasound to diagnose infectious pneumonia of newborns: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Ma Hai‐Ran , Deng Bi‐Ying , Liu Jing , Jiang Peng , Xu Yan‐Lei , Song Xiu‐Yun , Li Jie , Huang Li‐Han , Bao Ling‐Yun , Shan Rui‐Yan , Fu Wei
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Whether lung ultrasound (LUS) can be used for pathogenic diagnosis remains controversial. This study was conducted to clarify whether ultrasound has diagnostic value for etiology.

Methods

A total of 135 neonatal pneumonia patients with an identified pathogen were enrolled from the newborn intensive care units of 10 tertiary hospitals in China. The study ran from November 2020 to December 2021. The infants were divided into various groups according to pathogens, time of infection, gestational age, and disease severity. The distribution of pleural line abnormalities, B‐line signs, and pulmonary consolidation, as well as the incidence of air bronchogram and pleural effusion based on LUS, were compared between these groups.

Results

There were significant differences in pulmonary consolidation. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of severe pneumonia based on the extent of pulmonary consolidation were 83.3% and 85.2%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the identification of mild or severe pneumonia based on the distribution of pulmonary consolidation was 0.776.

Conclusion

LUS has good performance in diagnosing and differentiating the severity of neonatal pneumonia but cannot be used for pathogenic identification in the early stages of pneumonia.
In situ tools for chromatin structural epigenomics
Authors: Henikoff Steven , Ahmad Kami
Published: September 2022

Technological progress over the past 15 years has fueled an explosion in genome‐wide chromatin profiling tools that take advantage of low‐cost short‐read sequencing technologies to map particular chromatin features. Here, we survey the recent development of epigenomic tools that provide precise positions of chromatin proteins genome‐wide in intact cells or nuclei. Some profiling tools are based on tethering Micrococcal Nuclease to chromatin proteins of interest in situ, whereas others similarly tether Tn5 transposase to integrate DNA sequencing adapters (tagmentation) and so eliminate the need for library preparation. These in situ cleavage and tagmentation tools have gained in popularity over the past few years, with many protocol enhancements and adaptations for single‐cell and spatial chromatin profiling. The application of experimental and computational tools to address problems in gene regulation, eukaryotic development, and human disease are helping to define the emerging field of chromatin structural epigenomics.
Use of oxathiapiprolin for controlling soybean root rot caused by Phytophthora sojae: efficacy and mechanism of action
Authors: Wang Zhixin , Lv Xin , Wang Rongbo , He Zibin , Feng Wanzhen , Liu Wenjing , Yang Chenxiao , Wang Zhengyang , Ke Qihan , Tao Kezhu , Chen Qinghe
Published: September 2022

Background

Oxathiapiprolin is a new isoxazoline fungicide developed by DuPont to control oomycete diseases. Although oxathiapiprolin has shown strong inhibitory activity against oomycete pathogens, little is known about its ability to control Phytophthora sojae.

Results

Oxathiapiprolin showed high inhibitory activity against Phytophthora sojae, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values ranging from 1.15 × 10−4 to 4.43 × 10−3 μg mL−1. Oxathiapiprolin inhibited various stages of Phytophthora sojae development, including mycelial growth, sporangium formation, oospore production, and zoospore release. Electron microscopy studies revealed that oxathiapiprolin caused severe morphological and ultrastructural damage to Phytophthora sojae. Oxathiapiprolin affected the cell membrane and wall of Phytophthora sojae, making it more sensitive to osmotic and cell wall stress. Oxathiapiprolin exhibited translocation activity; it was absorbed by soybean roots and then translocated to the leaves. It was effective at reducing soybean Phytophthora root rot under glasshouse and field conditions. Both fungicide seed treatment and foliar spray significantly reduced disease incidence and yield losses compared with untreated controls in the field.

Conclusion

Oxathiapiprolin exhibits high inhibitory activity against Phytophthora sojae, and has multiple mechanisms of action including severe mycelial damage and modulation of osmotic and cell wall stress. These results indicate that oxathiapiprolin can be used at low concentrations for highly effective management of soybean Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora sojae. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
First‐Principles Calculations of Physical Properties and Stability of Orthorhombic FeN2 under High Pressure
Authors: Tian Xing-Hua , Ma Tian-Peng , Zhang Jian-Min
Published: September 2022

The physical properties and stability of orthorhombic FeN2 under high pressure remain an open question. The spin‐polarized first‐principles calculations within the generalized gradient approximation GGA + U functional are used to study the structural, elastic, electronic, magnetic properties and the stability of orthorhombic FeN2 under high pressure. The variations of the lattice constants and bond lengths as a function of pressure in the range 0–100 GPa are presented. The elastic constants, moduli, Poisson's ratio, elastic wave velocities, Debye temperature, and thermal expansion coefficient as a function of pressure in the range 0–100 GPa are also given. The high bulk modulus and low compression make it a promising high‐energy‐density material. FeN2 is both mechanically and dynamically stable in the studied pressure range. FeN2 is elastic anisotropic and its anisotropy increases with pressure. At pressure less than 45 GPa, the orthorhombic FeN2 is a magnetic metal, while at pressure increasing to 45 GPa, a nonmagnetic metal is obtained. When the pressure goes beyond 45 GPa, the outline of the density of states is similar, showing that the pressure has less effect on electronic properties. It is hoped that these results can provide reference for further researches.
Optimized adaptive event‐triggered tracking control for multi‐agent systems with full‐state constraints
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Pan Yingnan , Sun Jize , Tan Lihua
Published: September 2022

In this article, the event‐triggered optimized adaptive tracking control problem is investigated for a class of multi‐agent systems subject to full‐state constraints. To address the full‐state constraints problem, a nonlinear mapping technique is applied, which can release the feasibility conditions for virtual controllers. Based on the mean‐value theorem, the nonaffine nonlinear terms generated by transformed system are separated, which overcomes the obstacle of solving optimized solution. The neural network based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm with the identifier‐critic‐actor architecture is introduced to obtain the optimal solution of systems with unknown dynamics. It is worth noting that the RL algorithm in this article is simplified, which can reduce the computational burden. To reducing the communication burden, an event‐triggered mechanism with time‐varying threshold related to the optimized control signal is developed. By applying the Lyapunov stability method, it is proved that the desired optimized tracking performance and the stability of the closed‐loop systems can be guaranteed. Finally, a simulation example demonstrates that the proposed control strategy is effective.
Da Vinci's yeast: Blastobotrys davincii f.a., sp. nov
Authors: Visagie Cobus M. , Boekhout Teun , Theelen Bart , Dijksterhuis Jan , Yilmaz Neriman , Seifert Keith A.
Published: September 2022

A new species of the yeast genus Blastobotrys was discovered during a worldwide survey of culturable xerophilic fungi in house dust. Several culture‐dependent and independent studies from around the world detected the same species from a wide range of substrates including indoor air, cave wall paintings, bats, mummies, and the iconic self‐portrait of Leonardo da Vinci from ca 1512. However, none of these studies identified their strains, clones, or OTUs as Blastobotrys. We introduce the new species as Blastobotrys davincii f.a., sp. nov. (holotype CBS H‐24879) and delineate it from other species using morphological, phylogenetic, and physiological characters. The new species of asexually (anamorphic) budding yeast is classified in Trichomonascaceae and forms a clade along with its associated sexual state genus Trichomonascus. Despite the decade‐old requirement to use a single generic name for fungi, both names are still used. Selection of the preferred name awaits a formal nomenclatural proposal. We present arguments for adopting Blastobotrys over Trichomonascus and introduce four new combinations as Blastobotrys allociferrii (≡ Candida allociferrii), B. fungorum (≡ Sporothrix fungorum), B. mucifer (≡ Candida mucifera), and Blastobotrys vanleenenianus (≡ Trichomonascus vanleenenianus). We provide a nomenclatural review and an accepted species list for the 37 accepted species in the Blastobotrys/Trichomonascus clade. Finally, we discuss the identity of the DNA clones detected on the da Vinci portrait, and the importance of using appropriate media to isolate xerophilic or halophilic fungi.
Significance of non‐Fourier flux on a chemically reactive ternary hybrid nanofluid flow (water + Al2O3 + ZnO + Fe3O4) by a quadratically radiated tended elongating surface
Authors: Ramakrishna Suresh Babu , Avula Sreevallabha Reddy , Sadananda Mamatha Upadhya , Macherla Jayachandra Babu , Chakravarthula S. K. Raju
Published: September 2022

This study compares the dynamics of dissipative water–alumina–zinc oxide–iron (II, III) oxide ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) and water–alumina–zinc oxide binary hybrid nanofluid flows across an inclined surface when quadratic thermal radiation and chemical reaction are important. This report presents the governing equations for the transportation of both dynamics using the thermo‐physical properties of water (base fluid), alumina nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles and iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles. To analyse heat transmission phenomena, the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model was added into the energy equation. With proper similarity transformations, flow‐driven equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and then solved using the bvp4c solver. Slope of linear regression (SLR) is used to determine the rate at which physical parameters increase or decrease as a result of the influence of relevant factors. It is noticed that, when volume percent of nanoparticles (ϕ1) takes input in the range , skin friction coefficient decreases at a rate of 16.548 (in case of THNF) and 14.2018 (in case of binary hybrid nanofluid) per unit value of volume percent of nanoparticles. It is detected that when radiation parameter increases, Nusselt number decreases. The decrement rates are observed as 2.9451 (in case of THNF) and 1.15337 (in case of binary hybrid nanofluid) when radiation parameter takes input in the range . Furthermore, it is noticed that, when chemical reaction parameter increases, Sherwood number increases. The increment rates are observed as 0.1259 (in case of THNF) and 1.1263 (in case of binary hybrid nanofluid) when chemical reaction parameter takes input in the range . There was also good agreement in a validation study between the current and previous results.
Electrodynamics from the viewpoint of modern continuum theory—A review
Authors: Müller Wolfgang H. , Vilchevskaya Elena N. , Eremeyev Victor A.
Published: September 2022

This paper wants to draw attention to several issues in electrodynamic field theory and to make way for a rational continuum approach to the subject. The starting point are the balances for magnetic flux and electric charge, both in a very general formulation for volumes and for open surfaces, all of which can deform and be immaterial or material. The spatial point‐of‐view for the description of fields is favored and its advantages in comparison to the concept of material particles is explained. A straightforward answer to the question of how to choose units for the electromagnetic fields most suitably is also presented. The transformation properties of the electromagnetic fields are addressed by rewriting the balances in space–time notation. Special attention is paid to the connection between the two sets of electromagnetic fields through the so‐called Maxwell–Lorentz–æther relations. The paper ends with an outlook into constitutive theory of matter under the influence of electromagnetic fields and a discussion on curious developments in context with Maxwell's equations.
Introduction
Authors: Sladoje Nataša , Miura Kota
Published: September 2022

Bioimage analysis is often regarded as a technical task that can be solved simply by the development of new and more sophisticated image processing algorithms. This may be true to a large extent, but the complexity encountered in the actual usage of those algorithms during the analysis leads to a number of challenges that leave researchers with a thought that “Bioimage analysis is difficult”.
Batch Processing Methods in ImageJ
Authors: Klemm Anna , Miura Kota
Published: September 2022

In this chapter you will learn how to execute a workflow on not only one image but on several images in ImageJ – a technique that is called “Batch Processing”. Various ways of doing this are possible in the Fiji distribution of ImageJ, and the characteristics of each and how-to are explained.
GPU-Accelerating ImageJ Macro Image Processing Workflows Using CLIJ
Authors: Vorkel Daniela , Haase Robert
Published: September 2022

This chapter introduces GPU-accelerated image processing in ImageJ/Fiji. The reader is expected to have some pre-existing knowledge of ImageJ Macro programming. Core concepts such as variables, for-loops, and functions are essential. The chapter provides basic guidelines for improved performance in typical image processing workflows.
i.2.i. with the (Fruit) Fly: Quantifying Position Effect Variegation in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: Cinquin Bertrand , Kao Joyce Y. , Siegal Mark L.
Published: September 2022

Many of the methods developed for the analysis of bioimages focus on microscopy images on the cellular level. However, bioimages can also be used by biologists to assess non-cellular level morphological phenotypes. Collecting non-cellular images and developing image workflows for them is similar to working with microscopic images, but also has its unique challenges.
Global Quantum Sensor Networks as Probes of the Dark Sector
Authors: Derevianko Andrei , Pustelny Szymon
Published: September 2022

Most dark matter searches to date employ a single sensor for detection. In this chapter, we explore the power of distributed networks in dark matter searches. Compared to a single sensor, networks offer several advantages, such as the ability to probe spatiotemporal signatures of the putative signal and, as a result, an improved rejection of false positives, better sensitivity, and improved confidence in the dark matter origin of the sought-after signal. We illustrate our general discussion with two examples: (1) the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches (GNOME) and (2) the constellation of atomic clocks on board satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS).