bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Unique Behavior of Vertical Velocity in Developing Deep Convection
Authors: Kurowski Marcin J. , Paris Andrea , Teixeira Joao
Published: October 2024

When daytime tropical convection develops away from mesoscale disturbances, it typically transitions gradually from dry to shallow to deep convection on hourly timescales. The transition is commonly associated with the formation of larger horizontal boundary‐layer structures and an increasing level of cloud organization aloft. This study demonstrates that a spectral analysis of the resolved high‐resolution sub‐cloud flow features allows for a robust identification of dominant length scales and the quantification of their growth rates during the transition. Furthermore, it is shown that temperature, moisture, and horizontal winds develop multiple length scales with the largest ones growing up to several kilometers in magnitude. However, the vertical velocity behaves in a distinct manner developing significantly smaller values, comparable over land and ocean. This indicates stronger inherent limits of vertical velocity to self‐organize by size.
Centennial‐Scale Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in CMIP6 Models Shaped by Arctic–North Atlantic Interactions and Sea Ice Biases
Authors: Mehling Oliver , Bellomo Katinka , von Hardenberg Jost
Published: October 2024

Climate variability on centennial timescales has often been linked to internal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, due to the scarceness of suitable paleoclimate proxies and long climate model simulations, large uncertainties remain on the magnitude and physical mechanisms driving centennial‐scale AMOC variability. For these reasons, we perform a systematic multi‐model comparison of centennial‐scale AMOC variability in pre‐industrial control simulations of state‐of‐the‐art global climate models. Six out of nine models in this study exhibit a statistically significant mode of centennial‐scale AMOC variability. Our results show that freshwater exchanges between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic provide a plausible driving mechanism in a subset of models, and that AMOC variability can be amplified by ocean–sea ice feedbacks in the Labrador Sea. The amplifying mechanism is linked to sea ice cover biases, which could provide an observational constraint for centennial‐scale AMOC variability.
Observations of Sea Ice Edge Position in the Barents and Greenland Seas: Temporal Variability and Long‐Term Changes
Authors: Masunaga R. , Komuro Y. , Kawasaki T. , Ono J.
Published: October 2024

Sea ice edges play an essential role in the Earth's climate and weather systems through active atmosphere‐ice‐ocean interactions. However, our understanding of the observed positions of sea ice edges remains limited. The present study investigated, on seasonal and longer timescales from 1979 to 2023, the variability in sea ice edge positions in the Barents and Greenland Seas. We objectively derived the positions of sea ice edges based on satellite‐derived sea ice concentration gridded on a 25‐km resolution. In the Barents Sea, warm, narrow currents flow eastward along the northern and southern rims of the Central Bank. Until the mid‐2000s, sea ice edges fluctuated between these currents interannually during December–June, depending on the surface wind direction. However, after the mid‐2000s, the sea ice edges were mostly positioned near the northern current or farther to the north. Furthermore, sea ice edges during October–March were identified frequently near the warm current flowing along the continental slope in the northern Barents Sea after the mid‐2000s. In the Greenland Sea, sea ice edges were typically positioned near the East Greenland Current (EGC) throughout the year until 2006. However, sea ice edges in summer were located far to the west of the EGC after 2006. These observations suggest that the geographical relationship between sea ice edges and ocean currents has changed due to global warming.
A burden of rare copy number variants in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Halvorsen Matthew W. , de Schipper Elles , Bäckman Julia , Strom Nora I. , Hagen Kristen ,   Nordic OCD and Related Disorders Consortium (NORDiC), Chen Long Long , Djurfeldt Diana R. , Höffler Kira D. , Kähler Anna K. , Lichtenstein Paul , Morrill Kathleen , Noh Hyun Ji , Eide Thorstein Olsen , Zayats Tetyana , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin , Karlsson Elinor K. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Wallert John , Bulik Cynthia M. , Fundín Bengt , Landén Mikael , Kvale Gerd , Hansen Bjarne , Haavik Jan , Mattheisen Manuel , Rück Christian , Mataix-Cols David , Crowley James J.
Published: October 2024

Current genetic research on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) supports contributions to risk specifically from common single nucleotide variants (SNVs), along with rare coding SNVs and small insertion-deletions (indels). The contribution to OCD risk from rare copy number variants (CNVs), however, has not been formally assessed at a similar scale. Here we describe an analysis of rare CNVs called from genotype array data in 2248 deeply phenotyped OCD cases and 3608 unaffected controls from Sweden and Norway. Cases carry an elevated burden of CNVs ≥30 kb in size (OR = 1.12, P = 1.77 × 10−3). The excess rate of these CNVs in cases versus controls was around 0.07 (95% CI 0.02–0.11, P = 2.58 × 10−3). This signal was largely driven by CNVs overlapping protein-coding regions (OR = 1.19, P = 3.08 × 10−4), particularly deletions impacting loss-of-function intolerant genes (pLI >0.995, OR = 4.12, P = 2.54 × 10−5). We did not identify any specific locus where CNV burden was associated with OCD case status at genome-wide significance, but we noted non-random recurrence of CNV deletions in cases (permutation P = 2.60 × 10−3). In cases where sufficient clinical data were available (n = 1612) we found that carriers of neurodevelopmental duplications were more likely to have comorbid autism (P < 0.001), and that carriers of deletions overlapping neurodevelopmental genes had lower treatment response (P = 0.02). The results demonstrate a contribution of rare CNVs to OCD risk, and suggest that studies of rare coding variation in OCD would have increased power to identify risk genes if this class of variation were incorporated into formal tests.
The mechanisms behind heatstroke-induced intestinal damage
Authors: Sun Minshu , Li Qin , Zou Zhimin , Liu Jian , Gu Zhengtao , Li Li
Published: October 2024

With the frequent occurrence of heatwaves, heatstroke (HS) is expected to become one of the main causes of global death. Being a multi-organized disease, HS can result in circulatory disturbance and systemic inflammatory response, with the gastrointestinal tract being one of the primary organs affected. Intestinal damage plays an initiating and promoting role in HS. Multiple pathways result in damage to the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier due to heat stress and hypoxia brought on by blood distribution. This usually leads to intestinal leakage as well as the infiltration and metastasis of toxins and pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal cavity, which will eventually cause inflammation in the whole body. A large number of studies have shown that intestinal damage after HS involves the body’s stress response, disruption of oxidative balance, disorder of tight junction proteins, massive cell death, and microbial imbalance. Based on these damage mechanisms, protecting the intestinal barrier and regulating the body’s inflammatory and immune responses are effective treatment strategies. To better understand the pathophysiology of this complex process, this review aims to outline the potential processes and possible therapeutic strategies for intestinal damage after HS in recent years.
Y chromosome sequencing data suggest dual paths of haplogroup N1a1 into Finland
Authors: Preussner Annina , Leinonen Jaakko , Riikonen Juha , Pirinen Matti , Tukiainen Taru
Published: October 2024

The paternally inherited Y chromosome is highly informative of genetic ancestry, therefore making it useful in studies of population history. In Finland, two Y-chromosomal haplogroups reveal the major substructure of the population: N1a1 enriched in the northeast and I1a in the southwest, suggested to reflect eastern and western ancestry contributions to the population. Yet, beyond these major Y-chromosomal lineages, the distribution of finer-scale Y-chromosomal variation has not been assessed in Finland. Here, we provide the most comprehensive Y-chromosomal study among the Finns to date, exploiting sequences for 1802 geographically mapped Finnish Y chromosomes from the FINRISK project. We assessed the distribution of common Y-chromosomal haplogroups (frequency ≥1%) throughout 19 Finnish regions and compared the autosomal genetic backgrounds of the Y-chromosomal haplogroups. With such high-resolution data, we were able to find previously unreported sublineages and resolve phylogenetic relationships within haplogroups N1a1 (64%), I1a (25%), R1a (4.3%), and R1b (4.8%). We further find novel geographical enrichment patterns among these Y-chromosomal haplogroups, most notably observed for haplogroup N1a1 dividing into two lineages with differing distributions. While sublineage N-Z1934 (42%) followed a northeastern enrichment pattern observed for all N1a1 carriers in general, sublineage N-VL29 (22%) displayed an enrichment in the southwest. Further, the carriers of N-VL29 showed a higher proportion of southwestern autosomal ancestry compared to carriers of N-Z1934. Collectively, these results point to distinct demographics within haplogroup N1a1, possibly induced by two distinct arrival routes into Finland. Overall, our study suggests a more complex genetic population history for Finns than previously proposed.
Chemoproteogenomic stratification of the missense variant cysteinome
Authors: Desai Heta , Andrews Katrina H. , Bergersen Kristina V. , Ofori Samuel , Yu Fengchao , Shikwana Flowreen , Arbing Mark A. , Boatner Lisa M. , Villanueva Miranda , Ung Nicholas , Reed Elaine F. , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. , Backus Keriann M.
Published: October 2024

Cancer genomes are rife with genetic variants; one key outcome of this variation is widespread gain-of-cysteine mutations. These acquired cysteines can be both driver mutations and sites targeted by precision therapies. However, despite their ubiquity, nearly all acquired cysteines remain unidentified via chemoproteomics; identification is a critical step to enable functional analysis, including assessment of potential druggability and susceptibility to oxidation. Here, we pair cysteine chemoproteomics—a technique that enables proteome-wide pinpointing of functional, redox sensitive, and potentially druggable residues—with genomics to reveal the hidden landscape of cysteine genetic variation. Our chemoproteogenomics platform integrates chemoproteomic, whole exome, and RNA-seq data, with a customized two-stage false discovery rate (FDR) error controlled proteomic search, which is further enhanced with a user-friendly FragPipe interface. Chemoproteogenomics analysis reveals that cysteine acquisition is a ubiquitous feature of both healthy and cancer genomes that is further elevated in the context of decreased DNA repair. Reference cysteines proximal to missense variants are also found to be pervasive, supporting heretofore untapped opportunities for variant-specific chemical probe development campaigns. As chemoproteogenomics is further distinguished by sample-matched combinatorial variant databases and is compatible with redox proteomics and small molecule screening, we expect widespread utility in guiding proteoform-specific biology and therapeutic discovery.
Tailoring smart hydrogels through manipulation of heterogeneous subdomains
Authors: Yang Haoqing , Liu Tengxiao , Jin Lihua , Huang Yu , Duan Xiangfeng , Sun Hongtao
Published: October 2024

The mechanical interactions among integrated cellular structures in soft tissues dictate the mechanical behaviors and morphogenetic deformations observed in living organisms. However, replicating these multifaceted attributes in synthetic soft materials remains a challenge. In this work, we develop a smart hydrogel system featuring engineered stiff cellular patterns that induce strain-driven heterogeneous subdomains within the hydrogel film. These subdomains arise from the distinct mechanical responses of the pattern and film domains under applied mechanical forces. Unlike previous studies that incorporate reinforced inclusions into soft matrices to tailor material properties, our method manipulates the localization, integration, and interaction of these subdomain building blocks within the soft film. This enables extensive tuning of both local and global behaviors. Notably, we introduce a subdomain-interface mechanism that allows for the concurrent customization and decoupling of mechanical properties and shape transformations within a single material system—an achievement rarely accomplished with current synthetic soft materials. Additionally, our use of in-situ imaging characterizations, including full-field strain mapping via digital imaging correlation and reciprocal-space patterns through fast Fourier transform analysis of real-space pattern domains, provides rapid real-time monitoring tools to uncover the underlying principles governing tailored multiscale heterogeneities and intricate behaviors.
Digital AVATAR therapy for distressing voices in psychosis: the phase 2/3 AVATAR2 trial
Authors: Garety Philippa A. , Edwards Clementine J. , Jafari Hassan , Emsley Richard , Huckvale Mark , Rus-Calafell Mar , Fornells-Ambrojo Miriam , Gumley Andrew , Haddock Gillian , Bucci Sandra , McLeod Hamish J. , McDonnell Jeffrey , Clancy Moya , Fitzsimmons Michael , Ball Hannah , Montague Alice , Xanidis Nikos , Hardy Amy , Craig Thomas K. J. , Ward Thomas
Published: October 2024

Distressing voices are a core symptom of psychosis, for which existing treatments are currently suboptimal; as such, new effective treatments for distressing voices are needed. AVATAR therapy involves voice-hearers engaging in a series of facilitated dialogues with a digital embodiment of the distressing voice. This randomized phase 2/3 trial assesses the efficacy of two forms of AVATAR therapy, AVATAR-Brief (AV-BRF) and AVATAR-Extended (AV-EXT), both combined with treatment as usual (TAU) compared to TAU alone, and conducted an intention-to-treat analysis. We recruited 345 participants with psychosis; data were available for 300 participants (86.9%) at 16 weeks and 298 (86.4%) at 28 weeks. The primary outcome was voice-related distress at both time points, while voice severity and voice frequency were key secondary outcomes. Voice-related distress improved, compared with TAU, in both forms at 16 weeks but not at 28 weeks. Distress at 16 weeks was as follows: AV-BRF, effect −1.05 points, 96.5% confidence interval (CI) = −2.110 to 0, P = 0.035, Cohen’s d = 0.38 (CI = 0 to 0.767); AV-EXT −1.60 points, 96.5% CI = −3.133 to −0.058, P = 0.029, Cohen’s d = 0.58 (CI = 0.021 to 1.139). Distress at 28 weeks was: AV-BRF, −0.62 points, 96.5% CI = −1.912 to 0.679, P = 0.316, Cohen’s d = 0.22 (CI = −0.247 to 0.695); AV-EXT −1.06 points, 96.5% CI = −2.700 to 0.586, P = 0.175, Cohen’s d = 0.38 (CI = −0.213 to 0.981). Voice severity improved in both forms, compared with TAU, at 16 weeks but not at 28 weeks whereas frequency was reduced in AV-EXT but not in AV-BRF at both time points. There were no related serious adverse events. These findings provide partial support for our primary hypotheses. AV-EXT met our threshold for a clinically significant change, suggesting that future work should be primarily guided by this protocol. ISRCTN registration: ISRCTN55682735.
SMARTINI3 parametrization of multi-scale membrane models via unsupervised learning methods
Authors: Soleimani Alireza , Risselada Herre Jelger
Published: October 2024

In this study, we utilize genetic algorithms to develop a realistic implicit solvent ultra-coarse-grained (ultra-CG) membrane model comprising only three interaction sites. The key philosophy of the ultra-CG membrane model SMARTINI3 is its compatibility with realistic membrane proteins, for example, modeled within the Martini coarse-grained (CG) model, as well as with the widely used GROMACS software for molecular simulations. Our objective is to parameterize this ultra-CG model to accurately reproduce the experimentally observed structural and thermodynamic properties of Phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes in real units, including properties such as area per lipid, area compressibility, bending modulus, line tension, phase transition temperature, density profile, and radial distribution function. In our example, we specifically focus on the properties of a POPC membrane, although the developed membrane model could be perceived as a generic model of lipid membranes. To optimize the performance of the model (the fitness), we conduct a series of evolutionary runs with diverse random initial population sizes (ranging from 96 to 384). We demonstrate that the ultra-CG membrane model we developed exhibits authentic lipid membrane behaviors, including self-assembly into bilayers, vesicle formation, membrane fusion, and gel phase formation. Moreover, we demonstrate compatibility with the Martini coarse-grained model by successfully reproducing the behavior of a transmembrane domain embedded within a lipid bilayer. This facilitates the simulation of realistic membrane proteins within an ultra-CG bilayer membrane, enhancing the accuracy and applicability of our model in biophysical studies.
Presenting a model for estimating the cube compressive strength of self-compacting concrete in cast in-situ piles using GEP
Authors: Maleki Toulabi Hossein , Hosseini Seyed Azim
Published: October 2024

The cast in-situ pile is a widely used type of deep foundations which its execution in civil projects is increasing daily. The use of ordinary concrete in this type of piles causes technical and executive problems, a decrease in the compressive strength (CS) of concrete, and an increase in the permeability under the ground level. But use of the self-compacting concrete in the cast in-situ piles while increasing the CS of concrete ensures proper compaction, increase in the execution speed, and easy placing of concrete. In this article, utilizing the data obtained from the laboratory results and also the application of soft computing techniques, predicting the degree of CS of self-compacting concrete (SCC) in concrete piles was investigated. To estimate the CS of SCC, a total number of 7 inputs were implemented. Then, using gene expression programming (GEP) a model was presented for estimating the CS of SCC in the cast in-situ piles. The results of the neural network showed a precision of 99.98% which exhibits the high accuracy of the model. The use of this model could greatly help persons, companies, and research centers in the preparation and construction of self-compacting concrete with the desired CS.
A bioanalytically validated RP-HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of rivaroxaban, paracetamol, and ceftriaxone in human plasma: a combination used for COVID-19 management
Authors: Ismail Reham A. , Ayad Miriam F. , Hussein Lobna A. , Trabik Yossra A.
Published: October 2024

Rivaroxaban is a direct oral anticoagulant medication that has been found to be beneficial for the management of thromboembolic events linked to the Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has resulted in more than 6 million deaths worldwide. Hence, a sensitive, selective, and green bioanalytically validated method was developed using RP-HPLC coupled with DAD for the simultaneous determination of rivaroxaban in human plasma, and two co-administered drugs, namely, paracetamol, an analgesic, and ceftriaxone, an antibiotic, that are used in the management of COVID-19. An Exsil 100 ODS C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used as the stationary phase, and acetonitrile: water: methanol at a ratio of 60:30:10 (v/v/v) was used in isocratic mode as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min. The method was validated over a concentration range of 0.1–10.0 µg/mL for rivaroxaban, and 1.0–15.0 µg/mL for paracetamol and ceftriaxone. The lower limits of detection (LLODs) were found to be 0.03, 0.32, and 0.32 µg/ml for rivaroxaban, paracetamol, and ceftriaxone, respectively. Moreover, the lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) were found to be 0.1, 0.96, and 0.98 µg/ml. The developed method showed excellent accuracy and precision for the determination of the aforementioned drugs. Four metrics were used to evaluate the greenness of the developed method. The results revealed that the suggested method is green, with values of 81 and 0.6 for the analytical eco-scale and analytical greenness assessment (AGREE), respectively.
Analysis of ventricular repolarization parameters and heart rate variability in obesity: a comparative study
Authors: Tomar Akash , Ahluwalia Himani , Isser H. S. , Gulati Sameer , Kumar Puneet , Yadav Indrajeet
Published: October 2024

Obesity is associated with dysfunctional electrocardiographic and cardiac autonomic parameters, which may lead to increased cardiovascular morbidity. Novel electrocardiographic repolarization markers such as Tpeak-Tend (Tpe) interval have not yet been deeply studied in obese patients. We aimed to investigate the association between ventricular repolarization parameters and heart rate variability (HRV) and how they are affected by changes occurring in the cardiac autonomic nervous system. Ninety subjects categorized by Southeast Asian BMI (kg/m2) standards - normal (18-22.9), overweight (23-24.9), and obese (> 24.9), underwent assessment of ventricular repolarization parameters and HRV. Linear correlation between different parameters was also conducted. Obese subjects exhibited longer QTc and Tpe intervals compared to normal-weight subjects (p-value < 0.001, 0.026 respectively). The QTc interval showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with all HRV parameters by linear correlation, while the Tpe interval did not. Anthropometric parameters (BMI, WC, and WHR) were also correlated to both ventricular repolarization variables and HRV. While changes in the QTc interval may be due to obesity and/or autonomic changes occurring in the obese state, the Tpe interval does not show a relation with autonomic parameters. Thus, implicating that a change in the Tpe interval is primarily due to the direct effect of either cardiac or visceral obesity. The observed associations between ECG parameters, obesity indices, and HRV parameters suggest a role for ECG in screening for cardiovascular morbidity.
Simplified shielded MEG-MRI multimodal system with scalar-mode optically pumped magnetometers as MEG sensors
Authors: Ito Yosuke , Ueda Hiroyuki , Oida Takenori , Moriya Takahiro , Saito Akinori , Suyama Motohiro
Published: October 2024

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) conventionally operates within high-performance magnetic shields due to the extremely weak magnetic field signals from the measured objects and the narrow dynamic range of the magnetic sensors employed for detection. This limitation results in elevated equipment costs and restricted usage. Additionally, the information obtained from MEG is functional images, and to analyze from which part of the brain the signals are coming, it is necessary to capture morphological images separately. When MEG and morphological imaging devices are separate, despite their individual high measurement accuracies, discrepancies in positional information may arise. In response, we have developed a low-field magnetic resonance imaging system that incorporates scalar-mode optically pumped magnetometers with a wide dynamic range and exceptionally high measurement sensitivity as sensors for MEG. Operating at low magnetic fields eliminates the need for superconducting coils in magnetic resonance imaging and the high-performance magnetic shields essential for MEG, promising a substantial cost reduction compared to traditional approaches. We achieved a noise level of about $${16.7}\,\hbox {pT/Hz}^{1/2}$$

16.7

pT/Hz

1
/
2

with a single channel magnetometer, and reached a noise level of $${367}\,\hbox {fT/cm/Hz}^{1/2}$$

367

fT/cm/Hz

1
/
2

with a baseline of 1 cm through differential measurements. We employed this system to conduct sequential OPM-based magnetic field measurements and MRI imaging, successfully demonstrating the compatibility of high OPM sensitivity with clear MRI acquisition.
Hydrothermal synthesis of rGO and MnCoS composite for enhanced supercapacitor application
Authors: Manikandan M. , Prasankumar T. , Manikandan E. , Papanasam E. , Ramesh K. , Ramesh S.
Published: October 2024

Nanostructured materials incorporating transition metal sulfides have demonstrated considerable potential across various applications, particularly in the realms of energy production and storage. Sulfide-based material preparation is a challenging and costly procedure that requires a high temperature and reducing atmosphere. This work reports that manganese cobalt sulfide (MCS) and reduced graphene oxide composite manganese cobalt sulfide (rMCS) were successfully prepared through a hydrothermal method. Various characterization techniques were employed to analyze the prepared materials, including X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In a three-electrode system, MCS and rMCS electrodes exhibit an excellent specific capacitance of 1695 and 1925 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 current density respectively. MCS delivers the capacitance retention of 99% and rMCS exhibits the capacitance retention of 100% capacitance retention over 5000 consecutive cycles. The constructed asymmetric supercapacitor electrode (rMCS//rGO) exhibits the energy and power density of 64 Wh kg−1 at 799 W kg−1, respectively with outstanding cyclic stability of 97.4% even after 10,000 cycles. The exceptional electrochemical properties of MCS with rGO composite electrode indicate that they would make an outstanding electrode material for cutting-edge energy storage devices.
Structural behaviour of built-up I-shaped CFS columns
Authors: Hussein Ardalan B.
Published: October 2024

The utilization of cold-formed thin-walled members as structural members has gained significant popularity due to their advantages in fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and transportation convenience. However, the reduced thickness of the used sections poses challenges such as global, local, and distortional member buckling, leading to a decrease in their axial strength. This study focuses on addressing these challenges by connecting the channels together using screws as an alternative to welding, considering the cost, time, and ease of implementation. Conducting finite element analysis on structural columns built-up from cold-formed double C steel channels and subjected to axial loads, this paper verifies the numerical models used against experimental tests known from the literature. A comparison of experimental results with nonlinear FEA and AISI & AS/NZ standards reveals commendable agreement, particularly in predicting the buckling behavior of the built-up I-shaped CFS columns. While the results of the finite element analysis show an overestimation of approximately 3.6% compared to the experimental tests, the AISI and AS/NZS standards demonstrate a conservatism of about 3.0%. Furthermore, the current study investigates the influence of screw spacing on axial strength of built-up cold-formed steel columns. The findings are derived from 175 finite element experiments, evaluating seven different cross-sectional profiles with twelve distinct screw spacings. These spacings correspond to the half-wavelength of local, distortional, and global buckling, divided by values ranging from one to four. The screw spacing determined by half the local buckling half-wavelength along the webs’ centerline resulted in enhancements of 22%, 7%, 13%, and 11% in the critical elastic local, distortional, and global column buckling loads, as well as the nominal axial strength, respectively. These increases were even more pronounced for double-lane fasteners with the same spacing, yielding improvements of 25%, 46%, 17%, and 12%, respectively. For economic considerations, it is advisable to utilize single-lane fasteners with a half-wavelength equal to half the local buckling half-wavelength.
Developmental cues are encoded by the combinatorial phosphorylation of Arabidopsis RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED protein RBR1
Authors: Zamora-Zaragoza Jorge , Klap Katinka , Sánchez-Pérez Jaheli , Vielle-Calzada Jean-Philippe , Willemsen Viola , Scheres Ben
Published: October 2024

RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) proteins orchestrate cell division, differentiation, and survival in response to environmental and developmental cues through protein–protein interactions that are governed by multisite phosphorylation. Here we explore, using a large collection of transgenic RBR phosphovariants to complement protein function in Arabidopsis thaliana, whether differences in the number and position of RBR phosphorylation events cause a diversification of the protein’s function. While the number of point mutations influence phenotypic strength, phosphosites contribute differentially to distinct phenotypes. RBR pocket domain mutations associate primarily with cell proliferation, while mutations in the C-region are linked to stem cell maintenance. Both phospho-mimetic and a phospho-defective variants promote cell death, suggesting that distinct mechanisms can lead to similar cell fates. We observed combinatorial effects between phosphorylated T406 and phosphosites in different protein domains, suggesting that specific, additive, and combinatorial phosphorylation events fine-tune RBR function. Suppression of dominant phospho-defective RBR phenotypes with a mutation that inhibits RBR interacting with LXCXE motifs, and an exhaustive protein–protein interaction assay, not only revealed the importance of DREAM complex members in phosphorylation-regulated RBR function but also pointed to phosphorylation-independent RBR roles in environmental responses. Thus, combinatorial phosphorylation defined and separated developmental, but not environmental, functions of RBR.
Sepsis-induced changes in pyruvate metabolism: insights and potential therapeutic approaches
Authors: Nuyttens Louise , Vandewalle Jolien , Libert Claude
Published: October 2024

Sepsis is a heterogeneous syndrome resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. It is considered as a global major health priority. Sepsis is characterized by significant metabolic perturbations, leading to increased circulating metabolites such as lactate. In mammals, pyruvate is the primary substrate for lactate production. It plays a critical role in metabolism by linking glycolysis, where it is produced, with the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway, where it is oxidized. Here, we provide an overview of all cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes involved in pyruvate metabolism and how their activities are disrupted in sepsis. Based on the available data, we also discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pyruvate-related enzymes leading to enhanced survival.
Matrix Biology: Gradients and Patterns within the Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Domowicz Miriam , Cortes Mauricio , Schwartz Nancy B.
Published: October 2024

Besides providing structural support for cells and segregating tissues from one another, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major regulator of intercellular communications, modulating short-and long-distance gradients of growth factors and morphogens, and facilitating the processing of cell-adhesion ligands and receptors by extracellular proteases. To improve the design of therapeutic artificial matrices, a better understanding of the functioning of the ECM in regulating the distribution of growth factors and proteases in vivo should be sought. This review summarizes the advances in our understanding of the roles of the ECM in cell–cell communication and cell adhesion, using examples from active processes in developmental systems.
Biomaterials: Incorporating ECM-Derived Molecular Features into Biomaterials
Authors: Kilian Kristopher A.
Published: October 2024

The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cells in tissue is a rich composite of proteins, proteoglycans and minerals that serve to provide structure and direct cellular and tissue level functions. Recapitulating aspects of this architecture ex vivo is important for fabricating interfaces to biology in applications ranging from hard implant materials to biosensors to three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we explore the diverse means by which researchers aim to fabricate biomaterials that contain features of the ECM. We first discuss common materials including proteins and polysaccharides that are isolated from natural sources followed by strategies to stabilize defined architectures and further functionalize these components. Integrating natural materials into synthetic scaffolds—through mixing and via bioconjugation approaches—is presented as a means to improve functionality. We close the chapter with a discussion of biomimetic strategies using recombinant DNA, self-assembly and hydrogel scaffolds formed through modular short bioactive peptides. Integrating these approaches is paving the way to next-generation biomaterials that emulate the function of native ECMs.
Turn-on fluorescent probe based on dicyanoisophorone for bioimaging and rapid detection of peroxynitrite in aqueous media
Authors: Wu Jianwei , Li Jia , Shi Yaqiao , Jiang Liting , Chan Chenming , Feng Ru , Wang Yue , Xue Zhaoli
Published: October 2024

A novel dicyanoisophorone-based colorimetric fluorescent probe 3 has been prepared for recognizing peroxynitrite in aqueous conditions.
Functional metal–organic frameworks derived electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage: a review
Authors: Basree  , Ali Arif , Kumari Khusboo , Ahmad Musheer , Nayak Ganesh Chandra
Published: October 2024

Pristine MOFs and their derivatives have been proven for supercapacitor as well as energy storage due to their versatile features like huge specific surface area, high porosity, redox active metal centre, high thermal stability, and so on.
Diamidocarbene-derived palladium and nickel–sulfur clusters
Authors: Lee Minji , Noh Hyunju , Kim Youngsuk
Published: October 2024

Tetranuclear palladium and nickel–sulfur clusters were synthesized using a diamidocarbene-derived, redox-active carbon disulfide ligand.
A unique near-infrared fluorescent probe based on dual-DNP binding sites for rapid monitoring of hydrogen sulfide in food samples and living cells
Authors: Ma Lili , Yang Yinliang , Anwar Gulziba , Xie Minqi , Yang Jie , Yan Jinwu , Wu Jingjing , Liu Chuanxiang
Published: October 2024

A near-infrared fluorescent probe combining the thiolysis of dinitrophenyl (DNP) ether and DNP-marked electron-deficient quaternary carbon was developed for the first time.
When topology meets geometry: topological motifs and uniformity of atomic sublattices in inorganic crystals
Authors: Medrish Inna V. , Blatov Vladislav A.
Published: October 2024

We have analyzed topological motifs of whole crystal structures and non-metal sublattices in 3514 borides, carbides, nitrides and silicides of metals. We propose an integral criterion for the evaluation of the sublattice distortion and uniformity.
Mixed quantum/classical theory for rotationally inelastic scattering of identical collision partners revised
Authors: Bostan D. , Mandal B. , Babikov D.
Published: October 2024

When the tested system is artificially forced to follow the same collision path in indistinguishable and distinguishable treatments, all the differences between the results of the two treatments disappear.
Impact of valley degeneracy on the thermoelectric properties of zig-zag graphene nanoribbons with staggered sublattice potentials and transverse electric fields
Authors: Kuo David M. T.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the band inversion of flat bands in zig-zag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) using a tight-binding model.
An experimental and computational study of the unimolecular-decay reaction of diethyl-substituted Criegee intermediate (C2H5)2COO
Authors: Peltola Jari , Pekkanen Timo T. , Heinonen Petri , Salomaa Pyry , Runeberg Nino , Lendvay György , Eskola Arkke J.
Published: October 2024

We have investigated unimolecular reaction kinetics of the diethyl-substituted Criegee intermediate, pentan-3-oneoxide, both experimentally and computationally.
Valorization of pomegranate waste through green solvent extraction and biochar production: a zero-waste biorefinery approach
Authors: de Souza Mesquita Leonardo M. , Contieri Letícia S. , Vaz Bárbara M. C. , Sencadas Vitor , Sosa Filipe H. B. , Coutinho João A. P. , Rostagno Maurício A. , Ventura Sónia P. M.
Published: October 2024

This study presents a zero-waste biorefinery for pomegranate waste, extracting anthocyanins and ellagic acid with green solvents and converting leftovers to biochar.
Formaldehyde dehydrogenase SzFaldDH: an indispensable bridge for relaying CO2 bioactivation and conversion
Authors: Guo Boxia , Ji Xiuling , Xue Yaju , Huang Yuhong
Published: October 2024

A novel formaldehyde dehydrogenase with outstanding reductive activity and kinetic properties was discovered for CO2 bioactivation and conversion.
A facile selenization of ZrO2 endowing it with catalytic activity for oxidative alkene degradation
Authors: Yong Daming , Zuo Tingting , Qian Rongrong , Wei Zijie , Tian Jie , Zhang Xu
Published: October 2024

Selenization of ZrO2 can be easily performed by stirring commercially available ZrO2 in an in situ prepared NaHSe solution.
A novel photoelectrochemical aptasensor for alpha-fetoprotein assay based on a 3D self-supporting TiO2/CdS/BiOI Z-scheme heterojunction
Authors: Li Jinxin , Jing Tao , Qi Haiyan , Zhao Yunpeng , Wang Yao , Fan Linfeng
Published: October 2024

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a characteristic marker of liver cancer. This study establishes a PEC aptamer sensor using BiOI/CdS/TiO2 heterojunction material and realizes accurate detection of AFP.
Prediction of the formability and stability of perovskite oxides via multi-label classification
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Zhao Jie
Published: October 2024

Multi-label classification methods are employed to screen formable and stable perovskite oxides from virtual ABO3 combinations with outstanding performance.
A computational framework for quantifying electrical conductance in metallic nanomesh using image processing and computer vision technologies
Authors: Hwang Jinyoung , Lee Jungmin , Jo Seung Taek , Roh Jong Wook
Published: October 2024

A computational framework for accurately quantifying electrical conductance in metallic nanomesh structures using advanced image processing and computer vision techniques on microscopic images, validated by experimental measurements.
Insights into the electrochemical catalytic mechanism of atomically dispersed metal on h-BCN monolayer
Authors: Zhou Na , Wang Yanning , Wang Jiao , Zhao Panchao , Zhang Hang
Published: October 2024

Exploiting efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great significance for the rapid development of renewable energy technologies.
Oxygen electrode catalysis in N-doped graphene: the role of nitrogen coordination and solvation effects
Authors: Liu Junxian , Wang Yun , Gu Yuantong , Kou Liangzhi
Published: October 2024

The significance of explicit solvents in describing the adsorption behaviors of ORR/OER intermediates is emphasized. A higher HOMO level of active sites enhances binding to oxygen intermediates, thereby improving ORR/OER activity.
Correction: Ce6-Conjugated and polydopamine-coated gold nanostars with enhanced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal/photodynamic therapy to inhibit lung metastasis of breast cancer
Authors: Li Ziwei , Yang Fan , Wu Di , Liu Yanhong , Gao Yang , Lian Haichen , Zhang Hongxin , Yin Zhibin , Wu Aiguo , Zeng Leyong
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Ce6-Conjugated and polydopamine-coated gold nanostars with enhanced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal/photodynamic therapy to inhibit lung metastasis of breast cancer’ by Ziwei Li et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 22173–22184, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NR05386D.
Novel electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex promoted arylation of 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonitriles under visible light irradiation
Authors: Sahoo Tanmoy , Prasanna Dasari Vijaya , Sridhar B. , Subba Reddy B. V.
Published: October 2024

This is the first report on the formation of an EDA complex from diaryliodonium triflate and 2,6-lutidine and its application for the arylation of coumarin-3-carbonitriles, quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and indazoles under photoirradiation conditions.
Achieving high power density and stability in aqueous Mg–air batteries using taurine electrolyte additives
Authors: Jianchun Sha , Qiang Wang , Xue Li , Zhoulin Liu , Jiaxin Bao , Lianhui Li , Jie Tian , Weilong Chen , Wenhong Liu , Zhiqiang Zhang
Published: October 2024

Aqueous Mg–air batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage, but their practical application is significantly hindered by water-induced parasitic reactions and the chunk effect.
Reliability studies of vanadium redox flow batteries: upper limit voltage effect
Authors: Patel Rajankumar , Huang Qian , Li Bin , Crawford Alasdair , Sivakumar Bhuvaneswari M. , Song Chaojie , Jiang Zhengming , Platt Alison , Fatih Khalid , Reed David
Published: October 2024

This study systematically investigates the impact of increased upper limit voltage in the reliability and degradation of a scaled vanadium redox flow battery over long-term testing (500 cycles).
Quality-by-design-engineered mitochondrial targeted nanoparticles for glioblastoma therapy
Authors: Dahifale Akanksha , Agnihotri Tejas Girish , Jain Ankit , Jain Aakanchha
Published: October 2024

The current study highlights the potential of systematically developed mitochondrial targeted TPP-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles for delivery of temozolomide in glioblastoma management.
3D printed personalized wound dressings using a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES)-formulated emulgel
Authors: Yusakul Gorawit , Jomrit Juntratip , Bacabac Rommel G. , Prasopthum Aruna
Published: October 2024

Menthol/fatty acid HDES enables higher incorporation of curcuminoids in water-rich matrices (3D printed hydrogel). It promotes fibroblast proliferation and, with curcuminoids, synergistically improves anti-biofilm activity.
Donor engineering to regulate fluorescence of a symmetrical structure based on a fluorene bridge for white light emission
Authors: Xie Xiaoling , Liu Jingjing , Zhao Haocheng , Yan Lei , Wu Yuling , Miao Yanqin , Wang Hua
Published: October 2024

White light emission is modulated with CIE coordinates located at (0.33, 0.38) via proportional regulation with a mixture of blue light FFA and complementary yellow light FCzA with the same fluorene bridge in a ratio of 10 : 3.
Insight into the dynamic transformation properties of microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter and its contribution to the formation of chlorination disinfection by-products
Authors: Zhou Yingyue , Zeng Feng , Cui Kunyan , Lan Longxia , Wang Hao , Liang Weiqian
Published: October 2024

PSMPs-DOM formed under prolonged irradiation showed higher chlorine reactivity but lower THMs formation potential. The conversion of humic-like substances influenced the THMs formation potential, with C1 being a more dominant factor.
Enhancing electrical conductivity in zirconium-doped SiC ceramics through synergistic effects of crystal structure and free carbon control
Authors: Jiang Jiaojiao , Ying Siwei , Wu Chunxiao , Yang Chao
Published: October 2024

Synthesis and structural evolution of vinyl/Zr-modified SiC ceramics: enhanced conductivity, dree carbon dynamics, narrowed bandgap via nanoscale modification and DFT analysis, with potential applications in lithium-ion batteries and beyond.
Synthesis of highly soluble zirconium organic cages by iodine substitution toward a CO2/N2 separation membrane
Authors: Dong Junchao , Gai Dongxu , Cha Guocai , Pan Qinhe , Liu Jia , Zou Xiaoqin , Zhu Guangshan
Published: October 2024

Iodine substitution is developed for solubility enhancement of metal organic cages of ZrT-NH2-I, and ZrT-NH2-I based membranes exhibit superior performance in CO2/N2 separation.
Lateral nanoarchitectonics from nano to life: ongoing challenges in interfacial chemical science
Authors: Song Jingwen , Jancik-Prochazkova Anna , Kawakami Kohsaku , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: October 2024

The construction of functional structures within a single plane still has a lot of challenges. This review article will help us find new groundbreaking directions in lateral nanoarchitectonics toward advanced functional material organization.
Selective hydrogenolysis of the Csp2–O bond in the furan ring using hydride–proton pairs derived from hydrogen spillover
Authors: Peng Fangfang , Zhang Bin , Zhao Runyao , Liu Shiqiang , Wu Yuxuan , Xu Shaojun , Keenan Luke L. , Liu Huizhen , Qian Qingli , Wu Tianbin , Yang Haijun , Liu Zhimin , Li Jikun , Chen Bingfeng , Kang Xinchen , Han Buxing
Published: October 2024

We propose a strategy for the hydrogenolysis of furan rings using PtFex/LDH catalysts. Mechanism studies reveal that the hydride attacks the carbon atom of the Csp2–O bond, initiating an SN2 reaction that results in ring-opening products formation.
Mapping deformation dynamics to composition of topologically-active DNA blends
Authors: Peddireddy Karthik R. , McGorty Ryan , Robertson-Anderson Rae M.
Published: October 2024

We leverage in situ enzymatic topological conversion and OpTiDDM to map the deformation dynamics of DNA blends with over 70 fractions of linear, ring and supercoiled molecules that span the phase space of possible topological compositions.
Preliminary Exploration of Variations in Measures of Pharyngeal Area During Nonswallowing Tasks
Authors: Steele Catriona M. , Mancopes Renata , Barrett Emily , Panes Vanessa , Peladeau-Pigeon Melanie , Simmons Michelle M. , Smaoui Sana
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Age- and disease-related changes in oropharyngeal anatomy and physiology may be identified through quantitative videofluoroscopic measures of pharyngeal area and dynamics. Pixel-based measures of nonconstricted pharyngeal area (PhAR) are typically taken during oral bolus hold tasks or on postswallow rest frames. A recent study in 87 healthy adults reported mean postswallow PhAR of 62%(C2–4)
2
, (range: 25%–135%), and significantly larger PhAR in males. The fact that measures were taken after initial bolus swallows without controlling for the presence of subsequent clearing swallows was identified as a potential source of variation. A subset of study participants had completed a protocol including additional static nonswallowing tasks, enabling us to explore variability across those tasks, taking sex differences into account.

Method:

Videofluoroscopy still shots were analyzed for 20 healthy adults (10 males, 10 females,
M
age
= 26 years) in head-neutral position, chin-down and chin-up positions, a sustained /a/ vowel vocalization, and oral bolus hold tasks (1-cc, 5-cc). Trained raters used ImageJ software to measure PhAR in %(C2–4)
2
units. Measures were compared to previously reported mean postswallow PhAR for the same participants: (a) explorations of sex differences; (b) pairwise linear mixed-model analyses of variance (ANOVAs) of PhAR for each nonswallowing task versus postswallow measures, controlling for sex; and (c) a combined mixed-model ANOVA to confirm comparability of the subset of tasks showing no significant differences from postswallow measures in Step 2.

Results:

Overall, PhAR measures were significantly larger in male participants; however, most pairwise task comparisons did not differ by sex. No significant differences from postswallow measures were seen for 5-cc bolus hold, chin-down and chin-up postures, and the second (but not the first) of two repeated head neutral still shots. PhAR during a 5-cc bolus hold was most similar to postswallow measures: mean ± standard deviation of 51 ± 13%(C2–4)
2
in females and 64 ± 16%(C2–4)
2
in males.

Conclusions:

PhAR is larger in men than in women. Oral bolus hold tasks with a 5-cc liquid bolus yield similar measures to those obtained from postswallow rest frames.