bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenic Bacteria, Pesticide Residues and Metal Content in Giant Fresh Water Prawn, Macrobrachium Rosenbergii (De Man) Sold in Local Markets
Authors: Nayem MJ , Fakhruddin ANM , Chowdhury MAZ , Alam MK , Ferdous Z , Rashid H , Hossain MA
Published: June 2013

The giant fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), a leading export item of Bangladesh was studied in terms of pathogenic bacteria, pesticide residues and metal contents. In microbiological analysis, total viable bacteria, total coliform, total faecal coliform, total Salmonella and total Vibrio count were ranged from 6.8 × 104 to 1.6 × 106, 1.5 × 102 to 1.8 × 105, 0.0 to 5.0 × 102, 0.0 to 1.8 × 102 and 0.0 to 3.6 × 102 cfu/gm, respectively. Pesticide residue was analyzed by HPLC. Out of six samples studied, one was found to be contaminated with Quinalphos and another with Cypermethrin, where the concentrations were 0.03 and 0.56 ppm, respectively, below the maximum residue limit set by joint FAO/WHO expert committee. Copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The range found for Cu and Cd was from 0.01 to 0.11 ppm and 0.01 to 0.06 ppm, respectively, which is below the maximum residue limit set by joint FAO/WHO expert committee (10 ppm for Cu and 0.2 ppm for Cd). Relatively high microbial load and presence of pathogens in all the tested samples, collected from local market revealed that the samples had exposure to an unhealthy environment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i1.7974Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.35, No.1, 91-97, 2011
‘Clever Enough to Do Variations’: Sendak as Visual Musician
Authors: Nodelman Perry
Published: June 2013

Maurice Sendak identified three of his picturebooks, Where the Wild Things Are, In the Night Kitchen, and Outside Over There, as a trilogy. This essay explores the variational relationships of their images and themes and of the events they describe in order to determine how the three books relate to and connect with each other.
Crumbling Dots and Flying Boats without Borders: Empowerment in Quentin Blake'sA Sailing Boat in the Skyand Walid Taher'sAl-noqta Al-sawdaa
Authors: Motawy Yasmine
Published: June 2013

This article posits ideological indoctrination in direct opposition to ‘empowering texts’ such as Quentin Blake's A Sailing Boat in the Sky (2003) and Walid Taher's Al-noqta al-sawdaa [The black dot] (2009) which present children with opportunities to explore the realities and challenges of their contemporary world, and find solutions to them, unencumbered by the ideologies that adult writers who are not part of that ‘New World’ propagate in their texts.
War and Christmas: A Latvian Artefact and Children's Literature
Authors: Chakars Janis , Peel Katie R.
Published: June 2013

This essay examines a picturebook, Priecīgus Ziemassvētkus! [Merry Christmas!], written by two Latvian refugees while displaced during the Second World War. Not only does this book fill in a gap of exile-experience representations, but it also does so in a genre that rarely includes such experience. More than just expanding the catalogue of Christmas, war, and refugee stories, this book challenges existing children's narratives of Christmas, war, and refugee experience. This study analyses the story in the context of history, authorship, and related children's literature. It shows how this distinctive narrative is a product of its location in a specifically Latvian experience, accounting for its divergence from patterns evident in other stories for children related to the holiday, war, and exile experience, while at the same time depicting an experience common to millions.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Associated Neural Defects: Complex Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Muralidharan Pooja , Sarmah Swapnalee , Zhou Feng , Marrs James
Published: June 2013

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, can result in craniofacial dysmorphism, cognitive impairment, sensory and motor disabilities among other defects. FASD incidences are as high as 2% to 5 % children born in the US, and prevalence is higher in low socioeconomic populations. Despite various mechanisms being proposed to explain the etiology of FASD, the molecular targets of ethanol toxicity during development are unknown. Proposed mechanisms include cell death, cell signaling defects and gene expression changes. More recently, the involvement of several other molecular pathways was explored, including non-coding RNA, epigenetic changes and specific vitamin deficiencies. These various pathways may interact, producing a wide spectrum of consequences. Detailed understanding of these various pathways and their interactions will facilitate the therapeutic target identification, leading to new clinical intervention, which may reduce the incidence and severity of these highly prevalent preventable birth defects. This review discusses manifestations of alcohol exposure on the developing central nervous system, including the neural crest cells and sensory neural placodes, focusing on molecular neurodevelopmental pathways as possible therapeutic targets for prevention or protection.
Effects of Ellagic Acid on Angiogenic Factors in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Vanella Luca , Di Giacomo Claudia , Acquaviva Rosaria , Barbagallo Ignazio , Li Volti Giovanni , Cardile Venera , Abraham Nader , Sorrenti Valeria
Published: June 2013

Background: Several natural antioxidants, including ellagic acid (EA), have been reported to have chemotherapeutic activity in vivo and in vitro settings. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity and synthesis of both epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), together with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and heme oxygenase system (HO) have emerged as important modulators of tumor growth and metastasis. Methods: The anti-angiogenic effects of EA were investigated in the human prostatic cancer cell line LnCap. HO-1, HO-2, CYP2J2 and soluble epoxyde hydrolase (sEH) expressions were evaluated by western blotting. Levels of VEGF and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were determined in the culture supernatant using an ELISA assay, while CYP mRNAs were determined by qRT-PCR. Results: EA treatment induced a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in HO-1, HO-2 and CYP2J2 expression, and in VEGF and OPG levels. Similarly CYP2J2, CYP4F2 and CYPA22 mRNAs were significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulated by EA treatment. The decrease in CYP2J2 mRNA was associated with an increase in sEH expression. Conclusions: Results reported in the present study highlighted the ability of EA to modulate a new pathway, in addition to anti-proliferative and pro-differentiation properties, via a mechanism that involves a decrease in eicosanoid synthesis and a down-regulation of the HO system in prostate cancer.
Overexpression of Arachis hypogaea AREB1 Gene Enhances Drought Tolerance by Modulating ROS Scavenging and Maintaining Endogenous ABA Content
Authors: Li Xiao-Yun , Liu Xu , Yao Yao , Li Yi-Hao , Liu Shuai , He Chao-Yong , Li Jian-Mei , Lin Ying-Ying , Li Ling
Published: June 2013

AhAREB1 (Arachis hypogaea Abscisic-acid Response Element Binding Protein 1) is a member of the basic domain leucine zipper (bZIP)-type transcription factor in peanut. Previously, we found that expression of AhAREB1 was specifically induced by abscisic acid (ABA), dehydration and drought. To understand the drought defense mechanism regulated by AhAREB1, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing AhAREB1 was conducted in wild-type (WT), and a complementation experiment was employed to ABA non-sensitivity mutant abi5 (abscisic acid-insensitive 5). Constitutive expression of AhAREB1 confers water stress tolerance and is highly sensitive to exogenous ABA. Microarray and further real-time PCR analysis revealed that drought stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, ABA synthesis/metabolism-related genes and others were regulated in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing AhAREB1. Accordingly, low level of ROS, but higher ABA content was detected in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants’ overexpression of AhAREB1. Taken together, it was concluded that AhAREB1 modulates ROS accumulation and endogenous ABA level to improve drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.
Synthesis and Radiolabelling of DOTA-Linked Glutamine Analogues with 67,68Ga as Markers for Increased Glutamine Metabolism in Tumour Cells
Authors: Pellegrini Paul , Howell Nicholas , Shepherd Rachael , Lengkeek Nigel , Oehlke Elisabeth , Katsifis Andrew , Greguric Ivan
Published: June 2013

DOTA-linked glutamine analogues with a C6- alkyl and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) chain between the chelating group and the L-glutamine moiety were synthesised and labelled with 67,68Ga using established methods. High yields were achieved for the radiolabelling of the molecules with both radionuclides (>90%), although conversion of the commercially available 67Ga-citrate to the chloride species was a requirement for consistent high radiochemical yields. The generator produced 68Ga was in the [68Ga(OH)4]− form. The 67Ga complexes and the 67Ga complexes were demonstrated to be stable in PBS buffer for a week. Uptake studies were performed with longer lived 67Ga analogues against four tumour cell lines, as well as uptake inhibition studies against L-glutamine, and two known amino acid transporter inhibitors. Marginal uptake was exhibited in the PEG variant radio-complex, and inhibition studies indicate this uptake is via a non-targeted amino acid pathway.
Enhancement of the Controlled-Release Properties of Chitosan Membranes by Crosslinking with Suberoyl Chloride
Authors: Chen Chao , Gao Zideng , Qiu Xiaoyun , Hu Shuwen
Published: June 2013

A novel crosslinking agent, suberoyl chloride, was used to crosslink N-phthaloyl acylated chitosan and improves the properties of chitosan membranes. Membranes with different crosslinking degrees were synthesized. The derivatives were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which indicated that the crosslinking degrees ranged from 0 to 7.4%. The permeabilities of various plant nutrients, including macroelements (N, P, K), microelements (Zn2+ and Cu2+), and a plant growth regulator (naphthylacetic acid), were varied by moderate changes in crosslinking degree, indicating that the controlled-release properties can be regulated in this way. The film-forming ability of native chitosan was maintained, whilst mechanical properties, hydrophobicity and controlled permeability were improved. These dramatic improvements occurred with a small amount of added suberoyl chloride; excessive crosslinking led to membranes with unwanted poor permeability. Thus, both the mechanical properties and permeability of the crosslinked membrane can be optimized.
The Role of Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Complexes Signaling in the Immune Responses
Authors: Soliman Ghada
Published: June 2013

The mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase which is a member of the PI3K related kinase (PIKK) family. mTOR emerged as a central node in cellular metabolism, cell growth, and differentiation, as well as cancer metabolism. mTOR senses the nutrients, energy, insulin, growth factors, and environmental cues and transmits signals to downstream targets to effectuate the cellular and metabolic response. Recently, mTOR was also implicated in the regulation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. This paper will summarize the current knowledge of mTOR, as related to the immune microenvironment and immune responses.
Potential of NPP-VIIRS Nighttime Light Imagery for Modeling the Regional Economy of China
Authors: Li Xi , Xu Huimin , Chen Xiaoling , Li Chang
Published: June 2013

Historically, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) was the unique satellite sensor used to collect the nighttime light, which is an efficient means to map the global economic activities. Since it was launched in October 2011, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Satellite has become a new satellite used to monitor nighttime light. This study performed the first evaluation on the NPP-VIIRS nighttime light imagery in modeling economy, analyzing 31 provincial regions and 393 county regions in China. For each region, the total nighttime light (TNL) and gross regional product (GRP) around the year of 2010 were derived, and a linear regression model was applied on the data. Through the regression, the TNL from NPP-VIIRS were found to exhibit R2 values of 0.8699 and 0.8544 with the provincial GRP and county GRP, respectively, which are significantly stronger than the relationship between the TNL from DMSP-OLS (F16 and F18 satellites) and GRP. Using the regression models, the GRP was predicted from the TNL for each region, and we found that the NPP-VIIRS data is more predictable for the GRP than those of the DMSP-OLS data. This study demonstrates that the recently released NPP-VIIRS nighttime light imagery has a stronger capacity in modeling regional economy than those of the DMSP-OLS data. These findings provide a foundation to model the global and regional economy with the recently availability of the NPP-VIIRS data, especially in the regions where economic census data is difficult to access.
Combination of RGB and Multispectral Imagery for Discrimination of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapevine Elements
Authors: Fernández Roemi , Montes Héctor , Salinas Carlota , Sarria Javier , Armada Manuel
Published: June 2013

This paper proposes a sequential masking algorithm based on the K-means method that combines RGB and multispectral imagery for discrimination of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine elements in unstructured natural environments, without placing any screen behind the canopy and without any previous preparation of the vineyard. In this way, image pixels are classified into five clusters corresponding to leaves, stems, branches, fruit and background. A custom-made sensory rig that integrates a CCD camera and a servo-controlled filter wheel has been specially designed and manufactured for the acquisition of images during the experimental stage. The proposed algorithm is extremely simple, efficient, and provides a satisfactory rate of classification success. All these features turn out the proposed algorithm into an appropriate candidate to be employed in numerous tasks of the precision viticulture, such as yield estimation, water and nutrients needs estimation, spraying and harvesting.
Estimation of Melanin and Hemoglobin Using Spectral Reflectance Images Reconstructed from a Digital RGB Image by the Wiener Estimation Method
Authors: Nishidate Izumi , Maeda Takaaki , Niizeki Kyuichi , Aizu Yoshihisa
Published: June 2013

A multi-spectral diffuse reflectance imaging method based on a single snap shot of Red-Green-Blue images acquired with the exposure time of 65 ms (15 fps) was investigated for estimating melanin concentration, blood concentration, and oxygen saturation in human skin tissue. The technique utilizes the Wiener estimation method to deduce spectral reflectance images instantaneously from an RGB image. Using the resultant absorbance spectrum as a response variable and the extinction coefficients of melanin, oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin as predictor variables, multiple regression analysis provides regression coefficients. Concentrations of melanin and total blood are then determined from the regression coefficients using conversion vectors that are numerically deduced in advance by the Monte Carlo simulations for light transport in skin. Oxygen saturation is obtained directly from the regression coefficients. Experiments with a tissue-like agar gel phantom validated the method. In vivo experiments on fingers during upper limb occlusion demonstrated the ability of the method to evaluate physiological reactions of human skin.
Moving Beyond Profit: Expanding Research to Better Understand Business Environmental Management
Authors: Jones Cody
Published: June 2013

An extensive economics literature has examined business environmental management to identify characteristics and external institutional stakeholder pressures that influence management decisions. Frequently, it is assumed that profit pursuit is the goal, and organizations subject to the same pressures respond similarly. Studies have identified a narrow set of influential stakeholders, but have revealed that organizations respond differently to them. Recent research shows that an important moderating influence is the manager’s attitude toward environmental protection, which may explain differing organizational responses, and that managers may perceive the ability to obtain utility beyond increased profit from engaging in strategic environmental management. A comprehensive framework for assessing moderating perceptions is lacking, but recent research combining institutional theory and utility maximization shows increased explanatory power and exposes the relative importance of manager perceptions. This paper synthesizes economics and management literature on institutional determinants of environmental management, utility maximization, and attitudes and behavior to illustrate the usefulness of an integrated approach for both disciplines.
A New Generation of Plant Breeders Discovers Fertile Ground in Organic Agriculture
Authors: Luby Claire , Lyon Alexandra , Shelton Adrienne
Published: June 2013

Plant breeding for organic systems is a growing field that is attracting a new cohort of graduate students in land-grant plant breeding programs. In 2012, the first Student Organic Seed Symposium (SOSS) was organized by and for graduate students and held in Greensboro, VT. This three-day symposium brought together graduate students and plant breeding professionals in the public, private, and non-profit sectors. Organic plant breeding offers an exciting new niche for public breeding programs, with the potential to develop unique opportunities and partnerships. Participation in the symposium demonstrated that graduate students are enthusiastic about engaging in organic plant breeding and building a community of support for their work. This new cadre of researchers represents one opportunity to collectively move towards a more sustainable agricultural future, and underscores the necessity of building and maintaining strong public plant breeding programs that can facilitate this work.
Simian Foamy Virus in Non-Human Primates and Cross-Species Transmission to Humans in Gabon: An Emerging Zoonotic Disease in Central Africa?
Authors: Mouinga-Ondémé Augustin , Kazanji Mirdad
Published: June 2013

It is now known that all human retroviruses have a non-human primate counterpart. It has been reported that the presence of these retroviruses in humans is the result of interspecies transmission. Several authors have described the passage of a simian retrovirus, simian foamy virus (SFV), from primates to humans. To better understand this retroviral “zoonosis” in natural settings, we evaluated the presence of SFV in both captive and wild non-human primates and in humans at high risk, such as hunters and people bitten by a non-human primate, in Gabon, central Africa. A high prevalence of SFV was found in blood samples from non-human primates and in bush meat collected across the country. Mandrills were found to be highly infected with two distinct strains of SFV, depending on their geographical location. Furthermore, samples collected from hunters and non-human primate laboratory workers showed clear, extensive cross-species transmission of SFV. People who had been bitten by mandrills, gorillas and chimpanzees had persistent SFV infection with low genetic drift. Thus, SFV is presumed to be transmitted from non-human primates mainly through severe bites, involving contact between infected saliva and blood. In this review, we summarize and discuss our five-year observations on the prevalence and dissemination of SFV in humans and non-human primates in Gabon.
Early dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT to diagnose chronic osteomyelitis following lower extremity fractures
Authors: Stecker F. F. , Schierz J.-H. , Opfermann T. , Driesch D. , Hofmann G. O. , Winkens T. , Freesmeyer M.
Published: June 2013

Aim: The study investigates whether early dynamic PET/CT (edPET/CT) using 18F-fluoro- deoxyglucose (FDG) discriminates between affected versus non-affected sites in patients with complicated, protracted fracture healing and suspected COM in the lower extremities. Patients, methods: In nine consecutive patients (1 woman, 8 men; age 54 ± 13 years), before standard late FDG-PET/CT, altogether 10 edFDG-PET/CT examinations were performed in list mode over 5 min starting with radiopharmaceutical injection. Eight consecutive time intervals (frames), four 15-s, then four 60-s, were reconstructed. For every patient, several volumes-of-interest were selected. To measure early FDG influx and accumulation, maximum and mean ed standardized uptake values (respectively, ed SUVmax, edSUVmean) were calculated in each volume-of-interest during each frame. Results were compared between affected and non-affected (contralateral) bone. Results: Starting in the 31-45s frame, the affected bone area showed significantly higher ed- SUVmax and edSUVmean than did the healthy contralateral region. In conventional PET/CT, affected bone areas also significantly differed from non-affected contralateral regions. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that edFDG- PET may offer a less time consuming add on to standard FDG-PET/CT while being equally accurate. The results should be validated pros- pectively in larger trials.
Porous polymer coatings as substrates for the formation of high-fidelity micropatterns by quill-like pens
Authors: Hirtz Michael , Lyon Marcus , Feng Wenqian , Holmes Andrea E , Fuchs Harald , Levkin Pavel A
Published: June 2013

We explored the potentials of microarray printing using quill-like microcantilevers onto solid supports that are typically used in microspot printing, including paper, polymeric nitrocellulose and nylon membranes. We compared these membranes with a novel porous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) support (HEMA) with narrow pore size distribution in the 150 nm range, which demonstrated advantages in pattern definition, spot homogeneity, and consistent spot delivery of different dyes (phloxine B and bromophenol blue) with diameters of several micrometres. The bromophenol blue arrays on HEMA support were used to detect the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA). In the presence of BSA, the fluorescence spectrum observed from the bromophenol blue microarray exhibited a significant red shift of the maximum emission wavelength. Our results show that the porous HEMA substrates can improve the fidelity and quality of microarrays prepared by using the quill-like microcantilevers. The presented method sets the stage for further studies using chemical and biochemical recognition elements, along with colorimetric and fluorometric sensors that can be spotted by this method onto flat porous polymer substrates.
Space filling of β-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin derivatives by volatile hydrophobic guests
Authors: Fourmentin Sophie , Ciobanu Anca , Landy David , Wenz Gerhard
Published: June 2013

The inclusion of volatile derivatives of benzene and cyclohexane in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-CD, and hydrophilic β-CD-thioethers was investigated by static headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) and molecular modelling. The obtained binding constants strongly increase with the amount of space filling of the CD cavity and the salt concentration. β-CD thioethers show a 3–10 times higher binding potential than native β-CD.
The Challenges of Testing for HIV in Women: Experience from the Uk and Other European Countries
Authors: Johnson Margaret , Afonina Larissa , Haanyama Ophelia
Published: June 2013

Strategies for HIV testing vary across Europe, but widespread unacceptably high rates of late diagnosis among women suggest that current testing strategies are not adequately reaching the female population. The only group within the female population that is given specific consideration in guidelines for HIV testing is women who are pregnant, where opt-out testing is often recommended. This article reviews experience from the UK and other European countries with antenatal testing, and trials of routine HIV testing in a range of other settings. Further recommendations for testing strategies for women are required, but need to consider physician barriers to testing, such as constraints on time and training. It is vital to evaluate the motivations that underlie a woman's decision to accept or refuse testing, as these often differ from those of men. Similarly, the consequences of a positive diagnosis for a woman need to be addressed in pre- and post-test discussions.
Considerations for the Long-Term Management of Women Living with HIV in Europe
Authors: Dominguez Stephanie , Branco Teresa , Haruperi Thandi
Published: June 2013

The average age at which women are first diagnosed with HIV is increasing and, due to advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), women are living with HIV for longer. Once regarded as a fatal disease of young males, HIV is now considered a lifelong chronic condition affecting both men and women into older age. This raises questions for the long-term management of women living with HIV in Europe, such as how age affects the ART response, what the consequences are of long-term ART, and whether the comorbidities of ageing and menopause are different in women with HIV compared with men or uninfected women. Non-AIDS-related events, such as cancer, are increasingly responsible for the deaths of women with HIV, and European guidelines now recommend that they undergo regular screening for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer, and vaccination for human papillomavirus. The other major outcome of the greater life expectancy of women living with HIV is that a greater number are reaching menopause. Some studies suggest that HIV infection is linked with earlier onset of menopause and altered menopausal symptomatology. Many questions remain, and there is a need for more studies addressing ageing and sustained ART use in women living with HIV in Europe.
What Do We Know about the Situation of Women Living with HIV in Europe?
Authors: Miralles Celia , Mardarescu Mariana , Sherr Lorraine
Published: June 2013

At present, women represent approximately one-third of new diagnoses of HIV in Europe – most are infected by heterosexual transmission. Some specific populations of women, such as migrants, sex workers and those who are intravenous drug users, may be at increased risk of HIV infection. Women living with HIV face a range of intersecting situations and challenges distinct from those faced by men. The most familiar of these is pregnancy and motherhood; however, family and social situations will also be different for women compared with men, and can affect how individuals access care and manage their disease. The stigma of HIV can be a particular problem for women in many communities. Improved surveillance of HIV and increased study of the situations facing women living with HIV will help to identify improved strategies to support the care of this patient population.
Prise de conscience écologique
Authors: Cesarman Fernando C. , Mendèz Roberto
Published: June 2013

L’auteur ne se contente pas de percevoir l’importance et l’influence considérables d’un sujet qui, à l’époque, n’agitait qu’un petit nombre. Il émet également plusieurs idées pour expliquer comment et pourquoi l’humanité en arrive à poursuivre des activités et des méthodes dont elle connaît parfaitement les effets destructeurs sur elle-même. Il écrit ainsi : « Le concept de conscience écologique est en rapport étroit avec la structuration du principe de réalité et avec les fonctions liées à l’épreuve de réalité. » Et encore : « dans le processus d’épreuve de réalité deux facteurs sont importants : premièrement la confrontation de pulsions avec des situations de réalité, deuxièmement le développement de fonctions du Moi relatives à ce processus. » Puis : « le Moi est inadéquatement développé et ne parvient pas à tenir compte de l’écosystème, ses réalisations sont le résultat de buts conflictuels du Moi. » Et « nous continuons à nous préoccuper à peu près exclusivement de notre univers de réalité immédiate... »
Symbiose et séparation-individualisation
Authors: Mahler Margaret , Dupont Judith
Published: June 2013

L’auteure développe ici ses concepts désormais connus de phase symbiotique du nourrisson avec sa mère, puis de stade d’individualisation-séparation. Elle décrit l’évolution psychique et corporelle depuis la naissance, allant d’une courte phase autistique, à celle de symbiose où domine une dyade symbiotique mère-enfant, à celles de successives étapes d’individualisation marquée par les expériences plus ou moins bien intégrées de la séparation. À partir de la clinique de deux enfants, elle met en valeur la sensibilité de ces périodes à la survenue de traumatismes et au degré de réceptivité de l’environnement maternel et familial, pour la constitution authentique de l’identité et de la personnalité.
Le double
Authors: This Claude
Published: June 2013

Partant de l’objet mythique du « double », l’auteur reprend les théories de Rank, le premier à s’y être intéressé en psychanalyste, puis de Freud et enfin de Lacan. Elle esquisse de multiples directions à la réflexion.
À propos de l'objet a dans la théorie lacanienne
Authors: Jarry André
Published: June 2013

L’auteur, à partir de l’objet a lacanien avec ses différentes représentations, et du travail de Luce Irigaray sur le verbe et le fantasme, établit une combinatoire de ces objets, après les avoir réduits à trois en tant qu’originels, en rapport avec le stade qui les produit. Au passage, il réintroduit le placenta comme objet perdu et comme objet a , et qui caractérise le stade qu’il qualifie de tactile. Ainsi, il aboutit à une combinatoire dans laquelle les objets a sont mis en rapport avec le verbe du fantasme et le transfert qui peut s’y rapporter, tentative qui lui permet de balayer un vaste territoire clinique.
La théorie de la vision chez Calcidius (IV e siècle) entre géométrie, médecine et philosophie
Authors: Bakhouche Béatrice
Published: June 2013

Calcidius est le seul des exégètes du Timée de Platon dont nous ayons conservé le commentaire aux pages du dialogue grec consacrées à la vue. Ce document est d’autant plus précieux que le texte latin est également le témoin unique de théories optiques ou ophtalmologiques – deux domaines dans lesquels, vu la terminologie utilisée, le commentateur est tributaire du grec ; il est également digne d’intérêt car c’est encore le seul passage du commentaire où l’exégète adopte un ton polémique en s’attaquant aux iuniores . Nous nous proposons d’étudier ici l’image que Calcidius donne des théories géométriques liées à l’optique et des pratiques médicales en relation avec l’anatomie et la pathologie oculaires, et de cerner le groupe attaqué par l’exégète.
Théorie mathématique des catégories en biologie et notion d'équivalence naturelle chez Robert Rosen
Authors: Varenne Franck
Published: June 2013

L’objectif de cet article est de rendre compte de la justification épistémologique de la proposition faite, dès 1958, par le biomathématicien Robert Rosen d’introduire le concept mathématique de « catégorie » et celui – corrélatif – d’« équivalence naturelle » dans la modélisation mathématique appliquée au vivant. Nos questions sont les suivantes : en quoi la notion mathématique de catégorie permet-elle, selon Rosen, de donner accès à des formalismes plus « naturels » pour la modélisation du vivant ? La naturalité de certaines équivalences (que la notion mathématique de catégorie sert justement à généraliser et à mettre en évidence) est-elle analogue à la naturalité des systèmes vivants ? Rosen semble faire fond sur cette dernière hypothèse, féconde, mais pourtant discutable. Cet article propose ensuite de mesurer l’évolution des arguments de Rosen à ce sujet, en particulier dans ses conséquences apparemment décisives pour la critique des modèles computationnels du vivant, modèles aujourd’hui en pleine expansion.
El cuerpo muerto y sus partes vivas en la moral católica. Algunas claves históricas de la donación de órganos en España
Authors: Danet Alina
Published: June 2013

Los primeros antecedentes médico-quirúrgicos de donación y trasplante de partes del cuerpo, dieron lugar a una concepción y vivencia del cuerpo humano como conjunto territorializado y capitalizado de partes reemplazables y funcionales. En los artículos de prensa analizados en este trabajo se estudia cómo, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, los preceptos y normas del régimen franquista y de la doctrina católica, así como la alianza entre hegemonía política, eclesiástica y científica, generaron la construcción cultural de la donación como muestra de caridad y amor cristiano y la percepción del cuerpo como bien común al servicio del prójimo.
Entre Oriente y Occidente: los Coloquios de García de Orta y la circulación del conocimiento médico en el siglo XVI
Authors: Fontes da Costa Palmira , Nobre de Carvalho Teresa
Published: June 2013

En este artículo se analiza la importancia de los Coloquios sobre los medicamentos simples y drogas de la India [Colóquios sobre os simples e drogas da Índia] (Goa, 1563) de Garcia de Orta en la construcción y circulación del conocimiento médico y botánico en Asia en el siglo XVI. Se comienza examinando la importancia combinada de la experiencia y el testimonio en la evaluación de Orta sobre la materia medica de la India. A continuación se examina la importancia de la interacción y el intercambio de los sistemas médicos entre Occidente y Oriente en la comprensión del médico portugués sobre las prácticas y conocimientos médicos. Por último, se analiza como la información médica y botánica que ofrece este trabajo fue reformulada por Carolus Clusius y distribuida en una nueva forma en Europa.
Institutos privados de investigación “pura” versus políticas públicas de ciencia y tecnología en la Argentina (1943-1955)
Authors: Hurtado Diego , Fernández María José
Published: June 2013

En junio de 1943 se produjo en la Argentina un golpe de Estado que inició un proceso de enfrentamientos entre un importante sector de científicos académicos y el gobierno militar de facto. Como resultado, muchos científicos perdieron sus cargos en las universidades, entre ellos el grupo liderado por el fisiólogo Bernardo Houssay, que iba a obtener el premio Nobel de Fisiología en 1947. A partir de ese momento, este grupo de médicos impulsaron la creación de una serie de institutos privados de investigación sostenidos por filántropos locales y por la Rockefeller Foundation. Este proceso continuó durante el gobierno democrático de Juan Perón (1946-1955). El presente artículo analiza este “proyecto” de creación de institutos privados —sus motivaciones y objetivos— como un proceso de institucionalización “paralelo” y divergente respecto de las iniciativas impulsadas para la ciencia y la tecnología desde el sector público. Este “desdoblamiento” del proceso de institucionalización, encarnado en ideologías, modelos institucionales y jerarquías epistémicas difícilmente compatibles, iba a tener consecuencias de largo alcance para el futuro desarrollo de la investigación en la Argentina.
Electroborus brighti: the first Hylesinini bark beetle described from Dominican amber (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: Cognato Anthony I.
Published: June 2013

Electroborus brighti, new genus, new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is described based on two specimens from Dominican amber, which represents the first Hylesinini found in Dominican amber. A phylogenetic analysis of 24 Hylesinini species and a Strombophorus Hagedorn species based on morphological characters suggests E. brighti is not related to the Neotropical genus Phloeoborus Erichson, but shares a close affinity to African Hylesinini genera. The discovery of this new genus adds to the evidence that tropical South America and Africa shared similar faunas throughout evolutionary history. Although many Old World taxa have become extinct in the New World, the existence of E. brighti among Recent faunas is a possibility, given that the South American and African scolytine faunas are relatively poorly studied.
Usability characteristics of self-administered computer-assisted interviewing in the emergency department
Authors: Herrick D. B. , Nakhasi A. , Nelson B. , Rice S. , Abbott P. A. , Tehrani A. S. Saber , Rothman R. E. , Lehmann H. P. , Newman-Toker D. E.
Published: June 2013

Objective: Self-administered computer-assisted interviewing (SACAI) gathers accurate information from patients and could facilitate Emergency Department (ED) diagnosis. As part of an ongoing research effort whose long-range goal is to develop automated medical interviewing for diagnostic decision support, we explored usability attributes of SACAI in the ED.

Methods: Cross-sectional study at two urban, academic EDs. Convenience sample recruited daily over six weeks. Adult, non-level I trauma patients were eligible. We collected data on ease of use (self-reported difficulty, researcher documented need for help), efficiency (mean time-per-click on a standardized interview segment), and error (self-report age mismatched with age derived from electronic health records) when using SACAI on three different instruments: Elo TouchSystems ESY15A2 (finger touch), Toshiba M200 (with digitizer pen), and Motion C5 (with digitizer pen). We calculated descriptive statistics and used regression analysis to evaluate the impact of patient and computer factors on time-per-click.

Results: 841 participants completed all SACAI questions. Few (<1%) thought using the touch computer to ascertain medical information was difficult. Most (86%) required no assistance. Participants needing help were older (54 ± 19 vs. 40 ± 15 years, p<0.001) and more often lacked internet at home (13.4% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, female sex (p<0.001), White (p<0.001) and other (p = 0.05) race (vs. Black race), younger age (p<0.001), internet access at home (p<0.001), high school graduation (p = 0.04), and touch screen entry (vs. digitizer pen) (p = 0.01) were independent predictors of decreased time-per-click. Participant misclick errors were infrequent, but, in our sample, occurred only during interviews using a digitizer pen rather than a finger touch-screen interface (1.9% vs. 0%, p = 0.09).

Discussion: Our results support the facility of interactions between ED patients and SACAI. Demographic factors associated with need for assistance or slower interviews could serve as important triggers to offering human support for SACAI interviews during implementation.

Conclusion: Understanding human-computer interactions in real-world clinical settings is essential to implementing automated interviewing as means to a larger long-term goal of enhancing clinical care, diagnostic accuracy, and patient safety.

Citation: Herrick DB, Nakhasi A, Nelson B, Rice S, Abbott PA, Tehrani ASS, Rothman RE, Lehmann HP, NewmanToker DE. Usability characteristics of self-administered computer-assisted interviewing in the emergency department. Factors affecting ease of use, efficiency, and entry error.
¿Son los Signos Duros de Lesión en Cuello Mandatorios de Exploración Quirúgica?
Authors: Quiodettis Martha , V Otilda M Valderrama , Ávila Aldo A , Valle Ayusel , Rodríguez Loyda
Published: June 2013

Introducción

Las lesiones en cuello siguen siendo un reto diagnóstico para los médicos de trauma. En la literatura se encuentran diversos algoritmos de manejo. En los últimos años, el abordaje de estos pacientes ha evolucionado con la utilización de diversas técnicas diagnósticas e incluso el manejo conservador de algunas lesiones venosas.

Objetivo

Determinar la relación entre los hallazgos clínicos y paraclínicos con las lesiones comprobadas mediante cirugía o estudios diagnósticos.

Métodos

Estudio Descriptivo Retrospectivo, se revisaron los expedientes de todos los pacientes admitidos con trauma en cuello entre el 2010 y 2011.

Resultados

Se analizaron 84 pacientes, 94.1% de sexo masculino, edad promedio de 30.4 años, e ISS de 8.8. El 98.8% con lesiones penetrantes, principalmente en Zona II (62.7%). El 25.7% fueron llevados a exploración quirúrgica inmediata y el resto se les realizó estudios diagnósticos en el cuarto de urgencias. La incidencia de lesiones fue del 21.4%, siendo la mayoría lesiones venosa... Al evaluar los pacientes que presentaron lesión vs que no presentaban, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p > 0.05) en cuanto a mecanismo de lesión, inestabilidad hemodinámica, sangrado a través de la herida, trayecto vascular, enfisema subcutáneo y hematoma (expansivo o no). Se encontró diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) en cuanto a dificultad respiratoria OR 8.24 IC95% (1.08-20.7) y necesidad de intubación en el cuarto de urgencias OR 4.0 IC95% (1.32-12.1). La mortalidad fue de 2.38%.

Conclusión

No todos los síntomas y signos en los pacientes con lesiones de cuello son predictivas de lesiones significativas que requieran cirugía.
Trauma en Mayores de 65 años. Experiencia en 2 Hospitales Universitarios en Cali
Authors: Badiel Marisol , Loaiza Jhon Harry , Pino Luis Fernando , Aboutanos Michael , Cepeda Magda Cristina
Published: June 2013

Introducción

Colombia es uno de los países con más morbimortalidad secundaria a lesiones por violencia. Se esperaría que este fenómeno se refleje en todos los grupos de edad. Sin embargo no se ha descrito que sucede en la población del adulto mayor. El objetivo fue describir la tendencia del trauma en la población que consulta a dos hospitales de referencia en Cali.

Materiales y métodos

Entre enero y abril de 2012 se implementó el piloto del Registro Internacional de Trauma de la Sociedad Panamericana de Trauma. Incluye la información sociodemográfica, causas, severidad del trauma, escala de Glasgow (GCS) y estatus al egreso en sujetos de 65 años y más.

Resultados

En este periodo incluimos, 5432 pacientes, de ellos el 7.8% (n = 423) fueron mayores de 65+ años y el 43.1% hombres. La edad fue 77 ± 8.5 años. El mecanismo de trauma más frecuente fue caídas 298 (70.4%), el 77% de estas ocurridas en el domicilio y 12.5% en la calle. El promedio de GCS fue 14.4 ± 2.1 y de ISS fue 5.3 ± 5.7. Las lesiones más frecuentes fueron: contusiones (44.6%), fracturas (15.6%) y trauma craneoencefálico (14.2%). Fueron hospitalizados 109 (25.8%), promedio de estancia en UCI fue 4.8 ± 4 (días) y total 5.4 ± 6.5 (días). Mortalidad global de 4.73% (20/423); se presentó más en pacientes con lesiones en cabeza (50%) y cadera (15%).

Conclusión

El riesgo de trauma en sujetos de 65+ años es alto. La principal causa son las caídas. Las causas de las lesiones son modificables. En particular para este grupo de edad, las acciones de educación y prevención tendrían gran impacto social y económico dado el costo que tiene la atención de estos pacientes y sus pobres resultados dadas las complicaciones en la atención y las secuelas posteriores.
Canadian Traumatologists and the Recognition of Occult Shock: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Zakrison Tanya L , Leung Eman , McCredie Victoria , Nathens Avery B , Diez Christian , Namias Nicholas
Published: June 2013

Introduction and objective

Occult shock (OS) is important to recognize early in trauma patients, before perturbations in vital signs occur. Early trauma resuscitation is multidisciplinary in Canada. It is unclear how well Canadian traumatologists of all types recognize OS. Our objective was to explore the knowledge of OS in Canadian traumatologists.

Materials and methods

An on-line national survey was created for all multidisciplinary members of the Trauma Association of Canada (TAC). Survey questions explored the awareness, screening, prevalence, outcomes and treatment of occult and early shock.

Results

Response rate for TAC membership overall was 45%. Overall, 78% of respondents were aware of OS and 96% felt that trauma centers should be screening for this. Traumatologists were largely uncertain as to how many patients presented to their institutions in OS, or were screened for such an entity. One out of every five Canadian traumatologists did not know how to screen for OS with over half still relying on changes in vital signs for early detection. Fifty-eight percent of Canadian traumatologists only draw blood gases on patients that are already hemodynamically abnormal. The most effective way to reverse OS remained elusive.

Conclusion

Most Canadian traumatologists recognize OS as an important clinical entity with significant morbidity and mortality. Trauma patients, however, are largely being screened late, once vital signs have changed. This may have an impact on patient care across Canada. It is unclear if this practice pattern persists throughout the Americas with inherent ramifications in quality of care and patient safety. Clinical equipoise exists in the resuscitation of OS.

How to cite this article

Zakrison TL, Leung E, McCredie V, Nathens AB, Diez C, Rizoli S, Namias N. Canadian Traumatologists and the Recognition of Occult Shock: Results of a National Survey. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(1):33-36.
Impact of Crystalloid to PRBC Ratio in Patients with Exsanguinating Penetrating Abdominal Injuries: The Conundrum of Resuscitation
Authors: Unruh Marie , Duke Marquinn , Meade Peter , McSwain Norman E , Duchesne Juan C
Published: June 2013

Background

When intraoperative hemostatic resuscitation (IHR) implements high transfusion ratios of FFP:PRBC (>1:2), there is an associated increased survival in patients with exsanguinating penetrating abdominal injuries (EPAI). The impact of crystalloids: PRBC during IHR has not been analyzed. We hypothesize that minimizing the amount of intraoperative crystalloids:PRBC in combination with high ratio FFP: PRBC will correlate with a survival benefit in patients with EPAI.

Methods

This was a 9-year retrospective analysis of patients with EPAI at a Level 1 Trauma Center. EPAI was defined as any patient who received >20 units of PRBC during IHR. Intraoperative ratio for FFP:PRBC was recorded, and patients were placed in three separate categories accordingly: high (>1:2), mid (1:4 - 1:2), and low ratio (<1:4) groups. Quantity of crystalloids used during each category was recorded and a ratio of crystalloids:PRBC calculated. Logistic regression model was applied to analyze impact of crystalloid:PRBC on mortality, comparing the high FFP:PRBC ratio group to the low FFP: PRBC ratio group.

Results

Intraoperative high ratio FFP:PRBC conveyed a 32% overall survival benefit when compared with low ratio groups. Patients that received a high ratio FFP:PRBC when compared to low ratio group, received less intraoperative crystalloids (calculated crystalloids:PRBC ratios 1:3.4vs1:1.1; p = 0.001). Our logistic regression demonstrated a survival benefit with a high FFP:PRBC [OR 95%;0.19 , CI (0.05-0.33), p = 0.003] and the calculated low crystalloid:PRBC [OR 95%; 0.11 CI (0.01- 0.59), p = 0.001].

Conclusion

We were able to demonstrate a survival advantage in patients with EPAI that received IHR of a high ratio of FFP:PRBC and a low ratio of crystalloids:PRBC. These findings suggest that in patients with EAPI requiring massive volumes of PRBC, the ratio of intraoperative FFP:PRBC should be high and crystalloids:PRBC should be low.

How to cite this article

Guidry C, Unruh M, Duke M, Meade P, McSwain NE Jr, Duchesne JC. Impact of Crystalloid to PRBC Ratio in Patients with Exsanguinating Penetrating Abdominal Injuries: The Conundrum of Resuscitation. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(1):52-57.