bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of a Posterior sub-Tenon’s Capsule Triamcinolone Injection in Patients with Non-infectious Intermediate Uveitis and Posterior Uveitis
Authors: Andjelic Gordana , Jovanovic Svetlana , Pesic Snezana , Mitrasevic Milos , Stojanovic Jasmina , Radotic Filip , Todorovic Dusan , Petrovic Nenad
Published: November 2016

To investigate the efficacy of a posterior sub-Tenon’s capsule triamcinolone injection for treating eyes with non-infectious posterior and intermediate uveitis.

A total of 31 eyes from 20 patients with non-infectious posterior uveitis and 18 eyes from 10 patients with non-infectious intermediate uveitis that inadequately responded to treatment with systemic corticosteroids and second-line immunosuppressive agents were enrolled in the study. All patients received a posterior sub-Tenon’s injection of 20 mg/ml triamcinolone. The parameters we examined included the following: best corrected visual acuity, central foveal thickness, fluorescein angiography score and intraocular pressure.

The mean best corrected visual acuity was significantly improved from the control visit, 0.15±0.30 logMAR (Snellen equivalent 0.7), compared to the baseline measurements, 0.60±0.30 logMAR (Snellen equivalent 0.25; P<0.05). The mean central foveal thickness (CFT) and the mean score for fluorescein angiography (FA) were significantly decreased from the baseline (CFT: 320±34 μm; FA mean score: 5.9±1.9) compared to the twelve-week control visit (CFT: 235±30 μm; FA mean score: 1.2±1.1; P<0.001). Five eyes had intraocular pressure spikes that required a topical anti-glaucomatous treatment.

A posterior sub-Tenon’s injection of triamcinolone can significantly improve visual acuity and decrease macular oedema in patients with non-infectious posterior and intermediate uveitis. Complications were minimal, and there were no eyes that required surgical treatment for elevated intraocular pressure. The results suggest that the posterior sub-Tenon’s injection of triamcinolone is an important form of therapy for non-infectious posterior and intermediate uveitis.
Evaluation of Antibiotic Consumption at Rakovica Community Health Center from 2011 to 2015
Authors: Smiljanic Marijana Tomic , Radonjic Vesela , Djuric Dusan
Published: November 2016

Antibacterial drugs are among the major discoveries of the 20th century because they significantly reduced the rate of morbidity and mortality as well as the risk of infections related to invasive medical procedures. Indiscriminate and wrongful use of these powerful life-saving drugs has led to the development of resistance of numerous microorganisms, resulting in an increase in the number of hospital-acquired infections with a fatal outcome. Thus, it is very important to establish the volume of antibiotic consumption and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in order to rationalize the use of this important group of medications. The usage unique ATC/DDD methodology results expressed as Defined Daily Doses (DDD)/1000 inhabitants per day (DID) has enabled the comparison of antibiotic consumption in Serbia to that in other countries for a better understanding of our results. The community health center in Rakovica provides treatment for approximately 70,820 patients. The volume of overall antibiotic consumption has been calculated as well as the use of certain antibiotics in the total consumption and comparison of the guides for good clinical practice. The most prescribed antibiotics were antibiotics for diseases of the respiratory system. The most prescribed groups of antibiotics were penicillin drugs, which are an optimal choice as per the guides for good clinical practice. Amoxicillin are the most frequently prescribed individual antibiotic. A yearly increase in prescribing penicillin was observed. A rise in consumption of all generations of quinolones was observed, particularly for levofloxacine, which is not in accordance with the recommendations.
Plural marking in French NA/AN combinations: What liaison can tell us
Authors: Pomino Natascha , Stark Elisabeth
Published: November 2016

Our paper discusses different patterns of plural marking in N(oun)A(djective)/A(djective)N(oun)-combinations
in phonic French. We first show, based on previous observations, that French has incomplete plural agreement in
complex nominal phrases and that there is a striking asymmetry between AN-combinations (plural marking on the
determiner and prenominal adjectives via liaison, where possible) and NA-combinations (usually,
only plural marking on the determiner and infrequent liaison between N and postnominal A).
In order to understand this discrepancy, we have analyzed all the occurrences of AN and NA in two French corpora
and found a strong tendency for liaison in NA only to appear systematically and independently from
register variation in “proper-name like” expressions such as Jeux Olympiques ‘Olympic Games’
([ʒøzolɛ̃pik]). In a third step, we discuss this empirical finding and consider it synchronically as a case of
morphophonological “proper name marking” (cf. Nübling 2005).
Tapering Practices of Croatian Open-Class Powerlifting Champions
Authors: Grgic Jozo , Mikulic Pavle
Published: November 2016

Grgic, J and Mikulic, P. Tapering practices of Croatian open-class powerlifting champions. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2371–2378, 2017—The aim of this study was to explore tapering practices among 10 Croatian open-class powerlifting champions (mean ± SD: age 29.2 ± 3.2 years; Wilks coefficient 355.1 ± 54.8). The athletes were interviewed about their tapering practices using a semi-structured interview after which the audio content was transcribed. The athletes reported decreasing training volume during the taper by 50.5 ± 11.7% using a step type or an exponential type of taper with a fast decay. Training intensity was maintained or increased during the taper, and it reached its highest values 8 ± 3 days before the competition. Training frequency was reduced or maintained during the taper. The final week included a reduction in training frequency by 47.9 ± 17.5% with the last training session performed 3 ± 1 days before the competition. The participants typically stated that the main reasons for conducting the taper were maintaining strength and reducing the amount of fatigue. They also stated that (a) the taper was structured identically for the squat, bench press, and the deadlift; (b) the training during the taper was highly specific, the assistance exercises were removed, and the same equipment was used as during competition; (c) the source of information for tapering was their coach, and training fluctuated based on the coach's feedback; and (d) nutrition, foam rolling, static stretching, and massage were all given extra attention during the taper. These results may aid athletes and coaches in strength sports in terms of the optimization of tapering variables.
The Role of GluN2C-Containing NMDA Receptors in Ketamine's Psychotogenic Action and in Schizophrenia Models
Authors: Khlestova Elizaveta , Johnson Jon W. , Krystal John H. , Lisman John
Published: November 2016

The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia is supported by multiple lines of evidence. Notably, administration of the NMDAR antagonist, ketamine, to healthy human subjects has psychotogenic action, producing both positive and negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia. NMDARs have multiple subtypes, but the subtypes through which ketamine produces its psychotogenic effects are not known. Here we address this question using quantitative data that characterize ketamine's ability to block different NMDAR subtypes. Our calculations indicate that, at a concentration that has psychotogenic action in humans, ketamine blocks a substantial fraction of GluN2C subunit-containing receptors but has less effect on GluN2A-, GluN2B-, and GluN2D-containing receptors. Thus, GluN2C-containing receptors may have preferential involvement in psychotic states produced by ketamine. A separate line of experiments also points to a special role for GluN2C. That work demonstrates the ability of NMDAR antagonists to mimic the elevation in the awake-state δ frequency EEG power that occurs in schizophrenia. Physiological experiments in rodents show that NMDAR antagonists generate δ oscillations by their action on the GluN2C-containing NMDARs that are prevalent in the thalamus. Optogenetic experiments suggest that such oscillations could contribute to symptoms of schizophrenia.
Dynamic Partitioning of Synaptic Vesicle Pools by the SNARE-Binding Protein Tomosyn
Authors: Cazares Victor A. , Njus Meredith M. , Manly Amanda , Saldate Johnny J. , Subramani Arasakumar , Ben-Simon Yoav , Sutton Michael A. , Ashery Uri , Stuenkel Edward L.
Published: November 2016

Neural networks engaged in high-frequency activity rely on sustained synaptic vesicle recycling and coordinated recruitment from functionally distinct synaptic vesicle (SV) pools. However, the molecular pathways matching neural activity to SV dynamics and release requirements remain unclear. Here we identify unique roles of SNARE-binding Tomosyn1 (Tomo1) proteins as activity-dependent substrates that regulate dynamics of SV pool partitioning at rat hippocampal synapses. Our analysis is based on monitoring changes in distinct functionally defined SV pools via V-Glut1-pHluorin fluorescence in cultured hippocampal neurons in response to alterations in presynaptic protein expression. Specifically, we find knockdown of Tomo1 facilitates release efficacy from the Readily Releasable Pool (RRP), and regulates SV distribution to the Total Recycling Pool (TRP), which is matched by a decrease in the SV Resting Pool. Notably, these effects were reversed by Tomo1 rescue and overexpression. Further, we identify that these actions of Tomo1 are regulated via activity-dependent phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). Assessment of molecular interactions that may contribute to these actions identified Tomo1 interaction with the GTP-bound state of Rab3A, an SV GTPase involved in SV targeting and presynaptic membrane tethering. In addition, Tomo1 via Rab3A-GTP was also observed to interact with Synapsin 1a/b cytoskeletal interacting proteins. Finally, our data indicate that Tomo1 regulation of SV pool sizes serves to adapt presynaptic neurotransmitter release to chronic silencing of network activity. Overall, the results establish Tomo1 proteins as central mediators in neural activity-dependent changes in SV distribution among SV pools.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough information transfer at central synapses via sustained high-frequency neural activity requires coordinated synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling, the mechanism(s) by which synapses sense and dynamically modify SV pools to match network demands remains poorly defined. To advance understanding, we quantified SV pool sizes and their sensitivity to neural activity while altering Tomo1 expression, a putative regulator of the presynaptic Readily Releasable Pool. Remarkably, we find Tomo1 actions to extend beyond the Readily Releasable Pool to mediate the Total Recycling Pool and SV Resting Pool distribution, and this action is sensitive to neural activity through Cdk5 phosphorylation of Tomo1. Moreover, Tomo1 appears to exert these actions through interaction with Rab3A-GTP and synapsin proteins. Together, our results argue that Tomo1 is a central mediator of SV availability for neurotransmission.
A Two-Stage Process Model of Sensory Discrimination: An Alternative to Drift-Diffusion
Authors: Sun Peng , Landy Michael S.
Published: November 2016

Discrimination of the direction of motion of a noisy stimulus is an example of sensory discrimination under uncertainty. For stimuli that are extended in time, reaction time is quicker for larger signal values (e.g., discrimination of opposite directions of motion compared with neighboring orientations) and larger signal strength (e.g., stimuli with higher contrast or motion coherence, that is, lower noise). The standard model of neural responses (e.g., in lateral intraparietal cortex) and reaction time for discrimination is drift-diffusion. This model makes two clear predictions. (1) The effects of signal strength and value on reaction time should interact multiplicatively because the diffusion process depends on the signal-to-noise ratio. (2) If the diffusion process is interrupted, as in a cued-response task, the time to decision after the cue should be independent of the strength of accumulated sensory evidence. In two experiments with human participants, we show that neither prediction holds. A simple alternative model is developed that is consistent with the results. In this estimate-then-decide model, evidence is accumulated until estimation precision reaches a threshold value. Then, a decision is made with duration that depends on the signal-to-noise ratio achieved by the first stage.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSensory decision-making under uncertainty is usually modeled as the slow accumulation of noisy sensory evidence until a threshold amount of evidence supporting one of the possible decision outcomes is reached. Furthermore, it has been suggested that this accumulation process is reflected in neural responses, e.g., in lateral intraparietal cortex. We derive two behavioral predictions of this model and show that neither prediction holds. We introduce a simple alternative model in which evidence is accumulated until a sufficiently precise estimate of the stimulus is achieved, and then that estimate is used to guide the discrimination decision. This model is consistent with the behavioral data.
Ketamine: NMDA Receptors and Beyond
Authors: Zorumski Charles F. , Izumi Yukitoshi , Mennerick Steven
Published: November 2016

Human studies examining the effects of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine as a model for psychosis and as a rapidly acting antidepressant have spurred great interest in understanding ketamine's actions at molecular, cellular, and network levels. Although ketamine has unequivocal uncompetitive inhibitory effects onN-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and may preferentially alter the function of NMDARs on interneurons, recent work has questioned whether block of NMDARs is critical for its mood enhancing actions. In this viewpoint, we examine the evolving literature on ketamine supporting NMDARs as important triggers for certain psychiatric effects and the possibility that the antidepressant trigger is unrelated to NMDARs. The rapidly evolving story of ketamine offers great hope for untangling and treating the biology of both depressive and psychotic illnesses.
Rule Encoding in Orbitofrontal Cortex and Striatum Guides Selection
Authors: Sleezer Brianna J. , Castagno Meghan D. , Hayden Benjamin Y.
Published: November 2016

Active maintenance of rules, like other executive functions, is often thought to be the domain of a discrete executive system. An alternative view is that rule maintenance is a broadly distributed function relying on widespread cortical and subcortical circuits. Tentative evidence supporting this view comes from research showing some rule selectivity in the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal striatum. We recorded in these regions and in the ventral striatum, which has not been associated previously with rule representation, as macaques performed a Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. We found robust encoding of rule category (color vs shape) and rule identity (six possible rules) in all three regions. Rule identity modulated responses to potential choice targets, suggesting that rule information guides behavior by highlighting choice targets. The effects that we observed were not explained by differences in behavioral performance across rules and thus cannot be attributed to reward expectation. Our results suggest that rule maintenance and rule-guided selection of options are distributed processes and provide new insight into orbital and striatal contributions to executive control.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRule maintenance, an important executive function, is generally thought to rely on dorsolateral brain regions. In this study, we examined activity of single neurons in orbitofrontal cortex and in ventral and dorsal striatum of macaques in a Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Neurons in all three areas encoded rules and rule categories robustly. Rule identity also affected neural responses to potential choice options, suggesting that stored information is used to influence decisions. These results endorse the hypothesis that rule maintenance is a broadly distributed mental operation.
An Inhibitory Septum to Lateral Hypothalamus Circuit That Suppresses Feeding
Authors: Sweeney Patrick , Yang Yunlei
Published: November 2016

Feeding behavior is orchestrated by neural circuits primarily residing in the hypothalamus and hindbrain. However, the relative influence of cognitive and emotional brain circuits to the feeding circuitry in the hypothalamus and hindbrain remains unclear. Here, using the cell-type selectivity of genetic methods, circuit mapping, and behavior assays, we sought to decipher neural circuits emanating from the septal nucleus to the lateral hypothalamus (LH) that contribute to neural regulation of food intake in mice. We found that chemogenetic and optogenetic activation of septal vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT)-containing neurons or their projections in the LH reduced food intake in mice. Consistently, chemogenetic inhibition of septal vGAT neurons increased food intake. Furthermore, we investigated a previously unknown neural circuit originating from septal vGAT neurons to a subset of vGAT neurons in the LH, an area involved in homeostatic and hedonic control of energy states. Collectively, our data reveal an inhibitory septohypothalamic feeding circuit that might serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur results demonstrate that top-down projections from the septum to the hypothalamus control food intake negatively. Given the known role for both of these brain regions in the control of feeding and emotion-related behaviors, these findings reveal previously unknown neural circuitry that is likely implicated in emotional aspects of food intake and provide new insights into the development of therapeutic targets for the treatment of eating disorders.
Correlation between Pupil Size and Subjective Passage of Time in Non-Human Primates
Authors: Suzuki Tomoki W. , Kunimatsu Jun , Tanaka Masaki
Published: November 2016

Our daily experience of time is strongly influenced by internal states, such as arousal, attention, and mood. However, the underlying neuronal mechanism remains largely unknown. To investigate this, we recorded pupil diameter, which is closely linked to internal factors and neuromodulatory signaling, in monkeys performing the oculomotor version of the time production paradigm. In the self-timed saccade task, animals were required to make a memory-guided saccade during a predetermined time interval following a visual cue. We found that pupil diameter was negatively correlated with trial-by-trial latency of self-timed saccades. Because no significant correlation was found for visually guided saccades, correlation of self-timed saccades could not be explained solely by the facilitation of saccade execution. As the reward amount was manipulated, pupil diameter and saccade latency altered in opposite directions and the magnitudes of modulation correlated strongly across sessions, further supporting the close link between pupil diameter and the subjective passage of time. When the animals were trained to produce two different intervals depending on the instruction, the pupil size again correlated with the trial-by-trial variation of saccade latency in each condition; however, pupil diameter differed significantly for saccades with similar latencies generated under different conditions. Our results indicate that internal brain states indexed by pupil diameter, which parallel noradrenergic neuronal activity (Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005), may bias trial-by-trial variation in the subjective passage of time.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDaily experience of time is strongly influenced by our internal state, but the underlying neuronal mechanism remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that pupil diameter is negatively correlated with subjective elapsed time in monkeys performing an oculomotor version of the time production task. When the animals reported two different intervals depending on the instruction, pupil size was correlated with reported timing in each condition but differed for similar timing under different conditions. Given the close correlation between pupil diameter and noradrenergic signaling reported previously, our data indicate that brain states probed by pupil diameter and noradrenergic neuronal activity might modulate subjective passage of time.
Prkar1a gene knockout in the pancreas leads to neuroendocrine tumorigenesis
Authors: Saloustros Emmanouil , Salpea Paraskevi , Starost Matthew , Liu Sissi , Faucz Fabio R , London Edra , Szarek Eva , Song Woo-Jin , Hussain Mehboob , Stratakis Constantine A
Published: November 2016

Carney complex (CNC) is a rare disease associated with multiple neoplasias, including a predisposition to pancreatic tumors; it is caused most frequently by the inactivation of thePRKAR1Agene, a regulator of the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent kinase (PKA). The method used was to create null alleles ofprkar1ain mouse cells expressingpdx1(Δ-Prkar1a). We found that these mice developed endocrine or mixed endocrine/acinar cell carcinomas with 100% penetrance by the age of 4–5 months. Malignant behavior of the tumors was seen as evidenced by stromal invasion and metastasis to locoregional lymph nodes. Histologically, most tumors exhibited an organoid pattern as seen in the islet-cell tumors. Biochemically, the lesions exhibited high PKA activity, as one would expect from deletingprkar1a. The primary neuroendocrine nature of these tumor cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy, the latter revealing the characteristic granules. Although the Δ-Prkar1amice developed hypoglycemia after overnight fasting, insulin and glucagon levels in the plasma were normal. Negative immunohistochemical staining for the most commonly produced peptides (insulin, c-peptide, glucagon, gastrin and somatostatin) suggested that these tumors were non-functioning. We hypothesize that the recently identified multipotentpdx1+/insulin−cell in adult pancreas, gives rise to endocrine or mixed endocrine/acinar pancreatic malignancies with completeprkar1adeficiency. In conclusion, this mouse model supports the role ofprkar1aas a tumor suppressor gene in the pancreas and points to the PKA pathway as a possible therapeutic target for these lesions.
Association of Gestational Age With Verbal Ability and Spatial Working Memory at Age 11
Authors: Fitzpatrick Alyssa , Carter Jennifer , Quigley Maria A.
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:

Although children born very preterm (gestation <32 weeks) have an increased risk of cognitive impairment compared with full-term children (39–41 weeks), the risk for children born moderately (32–33 weeks) to late preterm (34–36 weeks) and early term (37–38 weeks) is unclear. This study describes the relationship between gestational age and cognitive outcomes at 11 years and the trajectory of deficits in verbal ability from age 3 to 11 years.

METHODS:

Cognitive ability was assessed by using the Spatial Working Memory test from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Working Battery (n = 11 395) and British Ability Scale Verbal Similarities test (n = 11 889) in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Each gestational group was compared with the full-term group by using differences in z scores and odds ratios for delay (scoring ≥1 SD below the mean).

RESULTS:

Very and moderately preterm children demonstrated significantly lower working memory scores compared with full-term children (adjusted difference –0.2 to –0.6) and were more likely to be delayed. There was no significant relationship between late-preterm or early-term birth and working memory (adjusted differences < –0.1), or between gestational age and verbal ability at 11 years. There appears to be a general attenuation in odds ratios as the child ages.

CONCLUSIONS:

Very preterm children exhibited working memory deficits at 11 years. However, the absence of delayed verbal skills at 11 years despite earlier delays could indicate “catch-up” effects.
Make a choice! Visual attention and choice behaviour in multialternative food choice situations
Authors: Danner L. , de Antoni N. , Gere A. , Sipos L. , Kovács S. , Dürrschmid K.
Published: November 2016

This study investigates the relationship between gazing behaviour and choice decision in multialternative forced choice tasks, focusing on the consistency across different food product groups including apple, beer, bread, chocolate, instant soup, salad, sausage, and soft drink. Each choice task consisted of pictures of four alternatives, similar in familiarity and liking ratings, of the corresponding product group. A Tobii T60 eye-tracker was used to present the stimuli and to analyse the gazing behaviour of 59 participants during decision-making.

The results showed strong correlations between choice and gazing behaviour, in forms of more fixation counts, longer total dwell duration, and more dwell counts on the chosen alternative. No correlations for first fixation, time to first fixation, and first fixation duration were observed. These results were consistent across the eight tested product groups.
Kinetics of carotenoid degradation in spice paprika as affected by storage temperature and seed addition
Authors: Koncsek A. , Daood H.G. , Helyes L.
Published: November 2016

The extractable (ASTA) colour retention of four different milled spice paprikas was evaluated at 10, 20, 35, 50, and 60 °C storage temperature. The ASTA colour stability during long-term storage period strongly depended on the temperature, primary handling and drying of the fresh crop, and the applied production technology. The cooled (10 °C) or temperature-controlled (20 °C) conditions appeared to be a reasonable solution to preserve the quality of paprika powder. The kinetics study on the temperature dependence of ASTA colour loss estimated the apparent reaction order, rate constants, predicted half-life times and activation energy. The Q10 approach and shelf life-plot resulted in useful data, which can be suitable for quick and economical evaluation of further spice paprika products.
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing on organoleptic properties and shelf life of fish salad with mayonnaise
Authors: Salamon B. , Tóth A. , Palotás P. , Südi G. , Csehi B. , Németh Cs. , Friedrich L.
Published: November 2016

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing (at 450 or 600 MPa for 300 s) on microbial quality as well as on organoleptic properties of fish salad with mayonnaise during 26 days of storage at 5 and 10 °C. The salad contained diced smoked trout fish, mayonnaise, and different kinds of spices. These freshly made salads usually have only a couple of days of shelf life. The HHP treatment basically did not affect the physical and organoleptic characteristics of the fish salad with mayonnaise. At both storage temperatures, the HHP treated samples showed enhanced safety and increased shelf-life up to 3 weeks.
Challenges in updating the Hungarian terminology for geographical names standardization
Authors: Bölcskei Andrea
Published: November 2016

This paper outlines the reasons why and the conditions under which a team of Hungarian experts in terminology at Károli Gáspár University decided to edit the Hungarian version of the UNGEGN document entitled Glossary of Terms for the Standardization of Geographical Names and its Addendum. During the work, the experts had to eliminate several discrepancies between the existing and the required new Hungarian terminology for geographical names standardization. Whilst the traditional Hungarian toponomastic terminology consists primarily of terms of Hungarian origin, recent literature in Hungarian seems to give preference to internationally recognized terms. With respect to language theory, the principles of Cognitive Linguistics have become widely adopted also in the discipline of terminology, which influences the identification or the establishment of equivalent terms. In the modern Hungarian glossary, term gaps had to be filled in accordance with the dominant trends in today’s term formation, and term changes also had to be treated appropriately. Definitions reflecting the latest results in distinct professional fields (e.g. linguistics, geography, cartography, computer science) had to be worded adequately, but in an easily intelligible way — a task requiring a vast amount of background knowledge even in the case of translation. Depending on the phenomenon described in the definition and the nature of the illustrative toponyms, examples had to be translated, explained, completed with or changed into relevant Hungarian name forms. Formally, the Hungarian glossary should be compatible with the UNGEGN lists; it also has to be easy to use on its own. All these factors, discussed in detail in the paper, were taken into consideration when the experts prepared the Hungarian version of the UNGEGN Glossary, with the aim of updating the Hungarian terminology for geographical names standardization.
A terminológia-oktatás mint a magyar nyelv, kultúra és identitás támogatása
Authors: Fóris Ágota
Published: November 2016

A terminológusok feladata, hogy a fogalmi rendszerek ismerete mellett a nyelvi rendszert is kezelni tudják. A magyar felsőoktatásban a szaknyelvoktatás és a terminológia hosszú ideig a szakmai képzéshez kötődött. Az utóbbi években a terminológia önálló diszciplínaként, majd önálló szakként bekerült a felsőoktatásba. Jelenleg a magyar felsőoktatás az Európai Felsőoktatási Térség része, a képzések többsége a Bologna-rendszer keretében működik. Ennek keretében nyílt lehetőség arra, hogy mesterszakként indítsuk el a terminológusképzést magyar nyelven, két éves képzés formában a Károli Gáspár Református Egyetemen, Budapesten. A tanulmány célja annak bemutatása, hogy a terminológia-oktatás fontos szerepet játszik a magyar nyelv, kultúra és identitás megőrzésében.
Az ipari park mint terminus értelmezése
Authors: Ablonczyné Mihályka Lívia , Kecskés Petra
Published: November 2016

A tanulmány célja, hogy a regionális tudományban használatos ipari park terminus jelentésváltozásait bemutassa, bebizonyítva, hogy a regionális tudományban az egyes ipari terek, területek elnevezése rendkívül színes képet mutat. Az ipari park mint entitás rövid bemutatása után rámutatunk arra, hogy napjainkban az ipari park fogalma más értelmet nyert, nyugat-európai országokban már kevésbé használatos, mellette és/vagy helyette megjelennek a tudományos park, technológiai park terminusok a hasonló entitások jelölésére. Jelen tanulmány a regionális tudományban és a gyakorlatban, az ipari park terminus használatában tapasztalható terminológiai zavar és bizonytalanság tisztázásához kíván hozzájárulni.
Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia – correlation between clinical symptoms, hematological parameters and lifespan
Authors: Junge Vivian , Jaśkowski Jędrzej M. , Polak Mirosław P. , Urbaniak Krzysztof , Żuraw Aleksandra , Gehrke Marek
Published: November 2016

Objective: To compare the hematological parameters and clinical symptoms between Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia (BNP) diseased calves dying before and after 14 days of life. Material and methods: Clinical observations included 47 calves from dams which underwent a 3-year vaccination program with the inactivated PregSure® BVD vaccine. In 25 of these 47 BNP affected calves blood examinations were performed and in 22 dead calves diagnosis was mainly based on post-mortem findings. Results: Cutaneous bleeding was the predominant clinical manifestation in 32 from 47 calves (68.1%). Seven from 47 calves (14.9%) developed cutaneous bleeding as the only symptom and 17 from 47 calves (36.2%) demonstrated these alterations in combination with hemorrhagic lesions of the oral mucosa. In 66.0% (31/47) of calves petechiae of the oral mucosa were seen and petechiation without any other BNP related symptoms occurred in eight from 47 calves (17.0%). The hematological analysis revealed thrombocytopenia in all 25 cases (n = 23: PLT < 60 × 109/l, n = 2: PLT 139–164 × 109/l). Nineteen from 25 calves (76.0%) developed thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia (WBC <3.5 × 109/l). In nine of them a decrease of erythrocyte count (RBC < 4.5 × 109/l), hemoglobin concentration (Hb < 8 g/dl) and packed cell volume (PCV < 24%) was measured. Three BNP affected calves without clinical symptoms were identified by hematological examination. The average life time of BNP affected calves was 14.7 ± 6.2 days. Clinical findings, especially multifocal cutaneous hemorrhages were more frequently recognized in calves living longer than 14 days. Conclusion and clinical relevance: At the time of falling ill with BNP, older calves displayed more numerous symptoms, especially bleeding in the skin. Thrombocytopenia and erythropenia occur as well as a decreased hemoglobin concentration and a low PCV. The time between outbreak of symptoms and death of calves which fell ill later, did not differ from the survival time of BNP calves, which displayed symptoms at a younger age. A decrease of thrombocytes was the cardinal laboratory finding.
Nachweis von Salmonella Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf bei einem Mastschwein mit septikämischer Salmonellose
Authors: Hausleitner Regina , Eddicks Lina , Blutke Andreas , Straubinger Reinhard K. , Wolf Georg , Szabo Istvan , Heizer Christian , Hermanns Walter , Ritzmann Mathias , Eddicks Matthias
Published: November 2016

Beschrieben wird ein Fall der septikämischen Salmonellose und des Porzinen Dermatitis-und-Nephropathie-Syndroms (PDNS) mit Nachweis von Salmonella (S.) Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf und dem porzinen Circovirus Typ 2 (PCV2) bei einem Mastschwein aus einem Bio - betrieb. Auf diesem biologisch wirtschaftenden Schweinemastbetrieb traten 6 Wochen nach dem Einstallen der Tiere vermehrt Todesfälle sowie Durchfall und Husten auf. Das identifizierte Salmonellen-Serovar wurde in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren vor allem bei Wildschweinen nachgewiesen, während der Erreger bei Hausschweinen in Westeuropa keine nennenswerte Rolle mehr spielte. Eine direkte Erregerübertragung von Wildschweinen auf die Hausschweine lässt sich im vorliegenden Fall nicht nachweisen. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass Wildschweine als Erregerreservoir für Tierseuchenerreger eine bedeutende Rolle spielen, unterstreicht dieser Fall jedoch, wie wichtig es ist, epidemiologische Zusammenhänge zu berücksichtigen und die Schweinehaltungshygieneverordnung zur Vermeidung von direkten oder indirekten Kontaktmöglichkeiten zwischen Haus- und Wildschweinen einzuhalten.
Entwicklung einer Farbkarte zur Unterscheidung von Lochien bei Kühen mit und ohne Störung der Uterusinvolution
Authors: Kuzerbayeva Aisulu , Karabayeva Zhanargul , Jakupov Issatay
Published: November 2016

Gegenstand und Ziel: Die Unterschiede in der Farbe von Lochien bei Kühen mit ungestörter und gestörter Uterusinvolution post partum sollten beschrieben und zur Krankheitserkennung herangezogen werden. Material und Methoden: Im Zeitraum vom 1. bis zum 16. Tag post partum wurden 10 Kühe mit ungestörter Uterusinvolution und 15 Kühe mit gestörter Uterusinvolution untersucht. Dokumentiert wurde die Farbe der Lochien. Ergebnisse: Anhand der Unterschiede der Lochienfarbe von Kühen mit und ohne Uterusinvolutionsstörungen konnte eine Farbkarte erstellt werden. Klinische Relevanz: Die Farbkarte ermöglicht es, die Farbe der Lochien objektiver zu erfassen und zur Krankheitserkennung heranzuziehen.
Scientific and technological capabilities in health-related areas: opportunities, challenges, and interactions with the industrial sector
Authors: Vargas Marco Antonio , Britto Jorge
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Characterization of the scientific and technological infrastructure in health and its interactions with the industrial sector provides key elements for understanding the dynamics of innovation in health. This study conducts an exploratory analysis of the potentialities and limitations associated with scientific and technological capabilities in the health area in Brazil and the different links between the scientific and industrial sectors in health. The analysis points to important growth in internationally indexed research output, especially in certain areas such as pharmaceutics, public health, genetics, morphology, physiology, and microbiology. There has also been important growth in research groups that interact with the industrial sector in selected areas of health. The study highlights the importance of building more solid and permanent bridges between companies, research institutions, and the health system, linking the knowledge developed in research institutions to the dynamics of the industrial sector in health.
Política HumanizaSUS: ancorar um navio no espaço
Authors: Martins Catia Paranhos , Luzio Cristina Amélia
Published: November 2016

O artigo discute a Política Nacional de Humanização - HumanizaSUS (PNH), do Ministério da Saúde, a partir das narrativas de seus apoiadores e de como compreendem a sua tarefa no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Apresenta alguns resultados da pesquisa de doutorado, de perspectiva cartográfica, na qual foram entrelaçados as narrativas dos apoiadores das diferentes instâncias do SUS. Considera-se assim que uma rede é produzida e aquecida por muitos anônimos, os trabalhadores do e pelo SUS. Dentre eles, há os que também se autonomeiam apoiadores da PNH, que mantém a saúde como dimensão de cidadania de qualquer um/uma, a despeito do complexo cenário nacional.
“Minha história de superação”: sofrimento, testemunho e práticas terapêuticas em narrativas de câncer
Authors: Lerner Kátia , Vaz Paulo
Published: November 2016

Este trabalho buscou investigar as formas de comunicação do sofrimento ligado ao câncer a partir de estudo qualitativo de narrativas de indivíduos vivendo com a doença. O objetivo foi problematizar conteúdos, estratégias enunciativas e cenas discursivas desses testemunhos, buscando compreender as noções de doença, sofrimento e pessoa. Observou-se que a publicização dessas narrativas estava vinculada às reconfigurações dos processos de saúde e doença na contemporaneidade, marcados pela categoria pessoa doente e pela lógica do risco. Vinculava-se, também, às representações sociais do câncer, em que a memória da letalidade e o aumento da incidência tornava-o uma experiência ameaçadora mas, também, mais familiar. Suas condições de comunicabilidade vinculavam-se, ainda, à emergência do sofrimento como experiência socialmente valorizada. Esses relatos revelam a força das narrativas biográficas no contexto contemporâneo, marcado pelo individualismo, em que a exposição da intimidade é entendida como ato terapêutico.
Violência obstétrica no Brasil e o ciberativismo de mulheres mães: relato de duas experiências
Authors: Sena Ligia Moreiras , Tesser Charles Dalcanale
Published: November 2016

Um quarto das brasileiras que vivem partos normais referem ter sido vítimas de violência e/ou maus-tratos nas maternidades, a chamada violência obstétrica. Nos últimos anos, ações mediadas pela internet, via redes sociais, e impulsionadas pelo movimento social de mulheres, especialmente mulheres mães, tornaram possível uma maior discussão e participação política na agenda de saúde sobre direitos reprodutivos. Este artigo relata duas iniciativas desenvolvidas em ambiente de conectividade, utilizando as novas mídias como ferramenta: o Teste da Violência Obstétrica e o videodocumentário “Violência obstétrica – a voz das brasileiras”. As ações contribuíram para dar voz ativa às mulheres no combate à violência obstétrica; mostraram que as novas tecnologias de informação constituem importantes ferramentas de promoção da saúde da mulher e atestaram o grande potencial da internet para evidenciar violências antes pouco problematizadas, incentivando a realização de novas pesquisas na área.
Observação da germinação de sementes de araçá-pêra (Psidium acutangillum D. C.)
Authors: Ferreira Sidney Alberto do Nascimento ,   Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia,  Brasil
Published: November 2016

Resumo Este ensaio tem por objetivo apresentar dados referentes ao. período de germinação de sementes de araçá-pêra (Psidium acutangulum D.C.) ao mesmo tempo em que compara a utilização de diferentes substratos: areia, terriço e serragem. O delineamento estatístico foi de experimento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: início e estabilização da germinação; porcentagem fina! de germinação; índice de velocidade de germinação; e altura total das plântulas no final do experimento. Os resultados obtidos foram: o início e a estabilização da germinação ocorreram aos 30 e 100 dias, respectivamente, em todos substratos; a porcentagem final da germinação mostrou efeito significativo para tratamento com a média em terriço superior aos demais; índice de velocidade de germinação não mostrou efeito significativo para tratamento; e em altura total das plântulas, observou-se um efeito altamente significativo com a média em terriço superior aos demais tratamentos. Diante desses resultados, verificou-se que independente dos substratos utilizados o início e a estabilização da germinação de sementes de araçá-pêra ocorreram aos 30 e 100 dias, respectivamente, e que a utilização de terriço favorece a germinação e o desenvolvimento de plântulas dessa espécie.
Os latossolos amarelos, álicos, argilosos dentro dos ecossistemas das bacias experimentais do INPA e da região vizinha
Authors: Chauvel Armand
Published: November 2016

Resumo O estudo refere-se aos Iatossolos amarelos, álicos, argilosos, os mais extensivamente representados nas bacias hidrográficas da ZF-02. Esses solos ocupam as superfícies dos platôs. O estádio "de referência" sob floresta é caracterizado pela presença de um horizonte médio, poroso, fortemente microagregado, situado entre dois horizontes menos porosos. Esse perfil caracteriza-se, ainda, por uma distribuição regular e profunda da matéria orgânica. Nos solos sob capoeira, a distribuição dos vazios e da matéria orgânica é bem diferente, entretanto, ela evolui com a idade no mesmo sentido do perfil inicial. O solo sob cultura mecanizada apresenta uma baixa porosidade na parte superior e uma diminuição progressiva da matéria orgânica até 45cm.
The thecamoebae (Protozoa, Rhizopoda) of small Amazonian forest streams and their possible use as indicator organisms for waterquality
Authors: Walker Ilse
Published: November 2016

Abstract The thecaboemae fauna of seven central amazonian forest streams — among them the stream of the "Bacia Modelo" — was analised. 129 morphotypes are shortly characterized in a "list of morphotypes" with accompanying figures (Plates 1-7); 39 morphotypes were observed alive and food uptake determined in 20 of these. Their food consists primarily of spores and hyphae of fungi which decompose submerged leaf litter and detritus. Analysis of sequential samples suggests that most species were found in each stream, but that collection in further streams is expected to increase the total number of morphotypes considerably. Frequency and distribution of morphotypes, as well as total population density, are characteristic for each stream and seem to reflect water quality and geographic distance between streams. Thecamoebae density is 2-5 times higher in original, un-mixed black water than in crystalline water of similarly low conductivity. Total number of morphotypes is almost invariable between streams (64-76). These results suggest that thecamoebae populations as a whole, and single species in particular, may be suitable indicators for the quality of waters in natural and in distrurbed streams.
In vitro fertilization of porcine oocytes is affected by spermatic coincubation time
Authors: Oberlender Guilherme , López Salvador Ruiz , Sánchez Aitor D. De Ondiz , Vieira Luis A. , Pereira Mariane Barreto , Silva Luany de Fátima , Zangeronimo Márcio G. , Murgas Luis D.S.
Published: November 2016

Abstract: The aim was to study the effects of different gamete coincubation times on porcine in vitro fertilization (IVF), and to verify whether efficiency could be improved by reducing oocyte exposure time to spermatozoa during IVF. In groups of 50, a total of 508 immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in NCSU-37 medium. The COCs were cultured for 44 hours and then inseminated with in natura semen (2,000 spermatozoa/oocyte). The sperm and oocytes were coincubated according to the following treatments (T): T1 = oocytes exposed to spermatozoa for one hour (173 oocytes), T2 = oocytes exposed to spermatozoa for two hours (170 oocytes), and T3 = oocytes exposed to spermatozoa for three hours (165 oocytes). After these coincubation periods, the oocytes were washed in fertilization medium (TALP medium) to remove spermatozoa not bound to the zona pellucida and cultured in another similar medium (containing no sperm). Eighteen to twenty hours after fertilization, the putative zygotes were stained in Hoechst-33342 to evaluate the IVF results. The penetration rate was higher (P<0.05) after two hours of coincubation time than it was for one or three hours. Furthermore, 68.60% of the ova coincubated with the spermatozoa for two hours were monospermic. The oocytes exposed to spermatozoa for one hour (T1) presented a higher (P<0.01) rate of polyspermy than those in T2 and T3. Fertilization performance (%) did not differ (P>0.05) between oocytes exposed to spermatozoa for one (T1) and three hours (T3). However, optimum (P=0.048) results were obtained after two hours of coincubation, when the rate of fertilization performance was 50.16±8.52%. The number of penetrated sperm per oocyte, as well as male pronucleus formation, did not differ (P>0.05) between the treatments evaluated. Under these assay conditions, especially in relation to the sperm concentration used, gamete coincubation for a period of two hours appears to be optimal for monospermy and fertilization performance. Thus, it is the optimal time period for obtaining a large number of pig embryos capable of normal development.
Culture, characterization and differentiation of neural precursors from the central nervous system of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Fonseca Erika Toledo da , Galindo Layla Testa , Porcionatto Marimélia A. , Miglino Maria Angélica
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Potentially neurogenic areas were initially identified by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in cells underlying the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles wall, hippocampus and olfactory bulbs of newborn guinea pigs. Neural precursors from the SVZ were cultured in suspension, generating neurospheres (NSFs), which, upon dissociation were able to generate new NSFs. Upon culture in the absence of growth factors, cells dissociated from NSFs displayed evidence for neural differentiation, giving rise to cells from neural lineage. Flow cytometry analysis for of NSFs-derived cells after differentiation revealed approximately 13.3% nestin positive, 5.5% Beta-III-tubulin positive, 9% GFAP positive and 7.8% mGalC positive. Functional assays by measurement of calcium influx upon gamma butiric amino acid (GABA) and glutamate stimuli, revealed stimulation in differentiated cells, an indicator of neuronal differentiation. The ability of guinea pig SVZ cells to originate functional neurons in vitro is promising for research and towards a future use of neural stem cells in the therapy of neurological disorders.