bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining differences between mass, multiple, and single-victim homicides to inform prevention: findings from the National Violent Death Reporting System
Authors: Fowler Katherine A. , Leavitt Rachel A. , Betz Carter J. , Yuan Keming , Dahlberg Linda L.
Published: August 2021

Background

Multi-victim homicides are a persistent public health problem confronting the United States. Previous research shows that homicide rates in the U.S. are approximately seven times higher than those of other high-income countries, driven by firearm homicide rates that are 25 times higher; 31% of public mass shootings in the world also occur in the U.S.. The purpose of this analysis is to examine the characteristics of mass, multiple, and single homicides to help identify prevention points that may lead to a reduction in different types of homicides.

Methods

We used all available years (2003–2017) and U.S. states/jurisdictions (35 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico) included in CDC’s National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), a public health surveillance system which combines death certificate, coroner/medical examiner, and law enforcement reports into victim- and incident-level data on violent deaths. NVDRS includes up to 600 standard variables per incident; further information on types of mental illness among suspected perpetrators and incident resolution was qualitatively coded from case narratives. Data regarding number of persons nonfatally shot within incidents were cross-validated when possible with several other resources, including government reports and the Gun Violence Archive. Mass homicides (4+ victims), multiple homicides (2-3 victims) and single homicides were analyzed to assess group differences using Chi-square tests with Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc comparisons.

Results

Mass homicides more often had female, child, and non-Hispanic white victims than other homicide types. Compared with victims of other homicide types, victims of mass homicides were more often killed by strangers or someone else they did not know well, or by family members. More than a third were related to intimate partner violence. Approximately one-third of mass homicide perpetrators had suicidal thoughts/behaviors noted in the time leading up to the incident. Multi-victim homicides were more often perpetrated with semi-automatic firearms than single homicides. When accounting for nonfatally shot victims, over 4 times as many incidents could have resulted in mass homicide.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the important interconnections among multiple forms of violence. Primary prevention strategies addressing shared risk and protective factors are key to reducing these incidents.
Rapid screening of critically ill patients for low plasma vitamin C concentrations using a point-of-care oxidation–reduction potential measurement
Authors: Rozemeijer Sander , Smit Bob , Elbers Paul W. G. , Girbes Armand R. J. , Oudemans-van Straaten Heleen M. , de Man Angelique M. E.
Published: August 2021

Background

Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency are common in critically ill patients and associated with organ dysfunction. Low vitamin C status often goes unnoticed because determination is challenging. The static oxidation reduction potential (sORP) reflects the amount of oxidative stress in the blood and is a potential suitable surrogate marker for vitamin C. sORP can be measured rapidly using the RedoxSYS system, a point-of-care device. This study aims to validate a model that estimates plasma vitamin C concentration and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sORP to discriminate between decreased and higher plasma vitamin C concentrations.

Methods

Plasma vitamin C concentrations and sORP were measured in a mixed intensive care (IC) population. Our model estimating vitamin C from sORP was validated by assessing its accuracy in two datasets. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with areas under the curve (AUC) were constructed to show the diagnostic accuracy of sORP to identify and rule out hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency. Different cut-off values are provided.

Results

Plasma vitamin C concentration and sORP were measured in 117 samples in dataset 1 and 43 samples in dataset 2. Bias and precision (SD) were 1.3 ± 10.0 µmol/L and 3.9 ± 10.1 µmol/L in dataset 1 and 2, respectively. In patients with low plasma vitamin C concentrations, bias and precision were − 2.6 ± 5.1 µmol/L and − 1.1 ± 5.4 µmol in dataset 1 (n = 40) and 2 (n = 20), respectively. Optimal sORP cut-off values to differentiate hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency from higher plasma concentrations were found at 114.6 mV (AUC 0.91) and 124.7 mV (AUC 0.93), respectively.

Conclusion

sORP accurately estimates low plasma vitamin C concentrations and can be used to screen for hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency in critically ill patients. A validated model and multiple sORP cut-off values are presented for subgroup analysis in clinical trials or usage in clinical practice.
Outcomes of implants placed after osteotome sinus floor elevation without bone grafts: a systematic review and meta-analysis of single-arm studies
Authors: Ye Mingfu , Liu Wenjun , Cheng Shaolong , Yan Lihui
Published: August 2021

Background

The aim of this study is to evaluate the implant survival/success rate, gain in alveolar bone height, crestal bone loss, and complications associated with implants placed in the posterior maxilla after osteotome sinus floor elevation without bone substitutes.

Methods

The electronic databases, such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and SCOPUS were systematically and manually searched for publications in peer-reviewed journals. The included articles were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses, and the meta-analysis was carried out for single-arm studies. Methodological quality assessment was made for all the included studies.

Results

The included studies were of moderate quality, with the overall implant success and survival rates of 98.3% and 97.9% respectively. The most frequent intra-surgical complication was sinus membrane perforation, accounting for 3.08% of the total implants with reported perforations. The overall crestal bone loss in patients with immediate implants placed with OSFE after a 5-year follow-up was 0.957 mm 95%CI (0.538, 1.377).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this review, it can be concluded that the survival and success rates of implants placed immediately along with OSFE without any bone substitutes are acceptable and show adequate implant stability with less crestal bone loss over 5 years.
Determinants of the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Guinea: evidence from 2018 Guinean demographic and health survey
Authors: Soumah Anne Marie , Baldé Mamadou Diouldé , Tassembedo Mahamadi , Ouédraogo Ousmane , Garanet Franck , Ouédraogo Adja Mariam , Yara Aminata , Koulibaly Mamady , Camara Ibrahima , Kouanda Seni
Published: August 2021

Background

Exclusive breastfeeding is critical for infant survival and development. However, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life is low in sub-Saharan Africa. With the current trend in breastfeeding rates in many countries including in Guinea, the World Health Assembly target of at least 50% of children aged less than 6 months being exclusively breastfeed by 2025 is likely to be compromised and lives a numerous infant that are be at risk. The objective of this study was to identify the individual and contextual determinants of the practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) in Guinea.

Method

We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey (DHS).

The study population consisted of women who gave birth between the ages of 15 and 49. Our sample consisted of women who had their last birth six (06) months prior to collection. The enumeration areas were our second level. A multilevel logistic regression was performed using Stata version 15.1 software. Three statistical models were implemented: The final model was obtained using the bottom-up step-by-step method. The intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated.

Results

On the 851 women included in our study, 33% reported having exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months of life of their children. After a multivariate analysis, the variables associated with exclusive breastfeeding are: children aged 2–3 months (OR = 0.53 CI95% = [0.36–0.79]) and children aged 4–5 months (OR = 0.23 IC95% = [0.14–0.36]), women in the Faranah area (OR = 2.69 IC95% = [1.21–5.94]) and those in Mamou (OR = 2.27 IC95% = [1.00–5.94]), women who gave birth in a health facility (OR = 1.94 IC95% = [1.34–2.80]) and women living in polygamous households (OR = 0.68 IC95% = [0.48–0.98]).

Conclusion

The practice of exclusive breastfeeding remains low in Guinea. For the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals, particularly the improvement of exclusive breastfeeding practices, the individual and contextual determinants identified in this study should be taken into consideration in policies and programmes.
Exploring predictors of instructional resilience during emergency remote teaching in higher education
Authors: Weidlich Joshua , Kalz Marco
Published: August 2021

In 2020, Higher Education institutions were pressed to swiftly implement online-based teaching. Among many challenges associated with this, lecturers in Higher Education needed to promptly and flexibly adapt their teaching to these circumstances. This investigation adopts a resilience framing in order to shed light on which specific challenges were associated with this sudden switch and what helped an international sample of Higher Education lecturers (N = 102) in coping with these challenges. Results suggest that Emergency Remote Teaching was indeed challenging and quality of teaching was impeded but these effects are more nuanced than expected. Lecturers displayed instructional resilience by maintaining teaching quality despite difficulties of Emergency Remote Teaching and our exploration of predictors shows that personality factors as well as prior experience may have supported them in this. Our findings may contribute to the emerging literature surrounding Emergency Remote Teaching and contributes a unique resilience perspective to the experiences of Higher Education lecturers.
The role of intraoperative videoangiography in aneurysm surgery—a comparative study from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kaiser K. , Nayil M. , Ramzan A. , Sarbjit S. , Abrar W. , Sajad A. , Rashid A.
Published: August 2021

Background

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye. After intravenous injection, it reaches the vessels of the brain within 30 s. A real-time visualization of the cerebral vasculature is possible.

Results

The infarction rate and the postoperative rebleed rate in the pre-ICG era group were higher than in the ICG era.

Conclusion

Intraoperative ICGVA is a safe and effective method to confirm the exclusion of the clipped aneurysm from the circulation. It also helps to assess the patency of the surrounding vessels.
Soybean cyst nematodes: a destructive threat to soybean production in China
Authors: Peng Deliang , Jiang Ru , Peng Huan , Liu Shiming
Published: August 2021

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is one of the most important pests in soybean production worldwide. In China, 11 different races of SCN, including a newly identified race ‘X12’ with super-virulence, have been surveyed and found to be distributed in 22 provinces. Among them, races 1, 3 and 4 are dominant in the two principal soybean-producing areas, Northeast China and Huanghuaihai Valley, causing over 120 million dollars of annual yield loss. Rapid and reliable PCR-based approaches have been developed for the molecular diagnosis of SCN. High-throughput methods for the identification of soybean resistance against SCN are also developed with specific single nucleotide polymorphism markers by using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR technology. Over 10,000 soybean germplasm sources were evaluated for their SCN resistance, and 28 SCN-resistant soybean accessions were selected to construct an applied core collection, which has been used for soybean breeding in China. Recently, the genome sequences of SCN and soybean are publically available, and two major SCN-resistant genes (rhg1 and Rhg4) have been identified in soybean, which greatly facilitate the researches on SCN virulence and soybean resistance, and also soybean resistance breeding against SCN. However, the management of SCN still faces many bottlenecks, for instance, the single resistance genes in soybean cultivars can be easily overcome by new SCN races; the identified resistance genes are inadequate to meet the practical breeding needs; and our understanding of the mechanisms of SCN virulence and soybean resistance to SCN are limited. SCN is a destructive threat to soybean production throughout the world including China. In this review, the major progress on soybean SCN is summarized, mainly focusing on the recent research progress in SCN, soybean resistance to SCN and integrated management of SCN in China, and aiming at a better understanding of the current SCN research status and prospects for future work.
Chloroform extract and acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid from Boswellia dalzielii stem bark induce apoptosis and cell cycle blockage in AW8507 cells
Authors: Otitoju Akinbobola Peace , Longdet Ishaya Yohanna , Alemika Taiwo Emmanuel , Gota Vikram Prakash
Published: August 2021

Background

Globally, head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer. Despite the advancement in treatment, drug resistance remains a major cause for setback. In an earlier work, the authors reported thatBoswellia dalzielii(Hutch) stem bark exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity in head and neck cancer cells, AW8507. Therefore, the cell death induction effect ofBoswellia dalzieliistem bark chloroform extract in head and neck cancer cell line, AW8507, and its derived constituent on cell cycle and apoptosis proteins was further investigated.

Methods

The cell death induction activity of theBoswellia dalzieliistem bark chloroform fraction (CLBD) in AW8507 was determined using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining in flow cytometry. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed for compounds analysis of the CLBD, and reverse virtual screening was used to identify the mechanism of action of the compound, acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, that was elucidated in theBoswellia dalzieliichloroform fraction.

Results

The data obtained showed thatBoswellia dalzieliistem bark Chloroform extract increased the percentage of cells presenting for early apoptosis from 4.14 to 10.10% in AW8507 cells. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the chloroform fraction identified acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid. Reverse virtual screening on selected proteins showed that acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid is a multi-protein target compound. It binds preferably to phosphorylated-cyclin dependent kinase 1 (p-CDK1) (binding score =  − 9.2 kcal/mol), blocking the activation of cyclin B-CDK1 needed for cell cycle progression at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid also binds more tightly with αβ tubulin (binding score = 8.9 kcal/mol) than with the standard drug, docetaxel (binding score = 8.3 kcal/mol).

Conclusions

The results obtained confirmed the culpability ofBoswellia dalzielii-derived acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid in the obstruction of the cell cycle progression in head and neck cancer cell line, AW8507; and the induction of apoptosis earlier reported forBoswellia dalzielii(Hutch) stem bark. Additional in vitro and/or in vivo studies would be required to validate in silico observations.
Segmental dilatation of ileum in a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, localized myopathy with focal stasis induced immunogenic injury as a possible etiology: a case report
Authors: Mahalik Santosh Kumar , Patra Susama , Tripathy Bikasha Bihary , Pati Akash Bihari , Mohanty Manoj Kumar , Samal Subash Chandra
Published: August 2021

Background

Segmental dilatation of the intestine (SDI) though uncommon is a well-known entity and more than 150 cases of SDI are reported in the literature. The presentation and association of SDI are well described; however, the association of SDI with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has not been reported earlier. We described a case of SDI with JIA, who presented with malnutrition and chronic abdominal distension.

Case presentation

A 5-year-old female child was getting treated for JIA and referred to us for evaluation of chronic abdominal distension. On laparotomy, a huge SDI was found approximately 40 cm from the ileocecal junction and resection of the dilated part with approximately 2–3 cm of healthy ileum on each side and anastomosis was performed. The child recovered well and the features of arthritis also resolute 6 weeks later. From histologic analysis, we have suggested role of localized myopathy in development of segmental dilatation. We have further emphasized the link between the SDI with development of arthritis.

Conclusion

Etiology of SDI is multifactorial with architectural malformation of the smooth muscle due to localized myopathy is the key. Focal stasis in SDI affecting permeability and increased exposure to macromolecules, and antigens may give rise to immune-mediated arthritis. Surgical management can reduce and cure the symptoms of such patients.
Corollaries and multiple extensions of Gessel and Stanton hypergeometric summation formulas
Authors: Ernst Thomas , Karlsson Per W.
Published: August 2021

We find some new simple hypergeometric formulas in the footsteps of the important article by Gessel and Stanton. These are multiple reduction formulas, multiple summation formulas, as well as multiple transformation formulas for special Kampé de Fériet functions and Appell functions. The hypergeometric summation formulas have special function arguments in Q and parameter values in N or C. The proofs use Pfaff-Kummer transformation, Euler transformation, or an improved form of Slater reversion.
Geometry of multilinear forms on l_1
Authors: Kim Sung Guen
Published: August 2021

We characterize extreme, exposed and smooth points in the Banach space L(nE) of continuous n-linear forms on E, and in its subspace Ls(nE) of symmetric n-linear forms on E when E = l1 and E = l1m  for n,m ∈ N with n,m ≥ 2 .
Natural vibrations of nanostrips with cracks
Authors: Hossain Mainul , Lellep Jaan
Published: August 2021

Employing the main equations of the theory of plates accounting for the rotational inertia the transverse vibrations of nanobeams and nanostrips are investigated. The nano strips under consideration have piecewise constant dimensions of cross sections. The nanosheets are weakened by cracks at re-entrant corners of steps. While the material behavior corresponds to the Eringen’s nonlocal theory of elasticity it is assumed that the cracks produce additional local compliance, which can be evaluated with the aid of the stress intensity factor at the cracktip. A numerical algorithm for determination of natural frequencies of nanosheets is developed.
About the number of τ-numbers relative to polynomials with integer coefficients
Authors: Abel Mart , Lauer Helena , Redi Ellen
Published: August 2021

We show that for all polynomials Q(x) with integer coefficients, that satisfy the extra condition |Q(0) · Q(1) | ≠ 1, there are infinitely many positive integers n such that n is a τ-number relative to the polynomial Q(x). We also find some examples of polynomials Q(x) for which 1 is the only τ-number relative to the polynomial Q(x) and some examples of polynomials Q(x) with |Q(0) · Q(1)|= 1, which have infinitely many positive integers n such that n is a τ-number relative to the polynomial Q(x). In addition, we prove one result about the generators of a τ-number.
Module bundles and module amenability
Authors: Hill Terje , Robbins David A.
Published: August 2021

Let X be a compact Hausdorff space, and let {Ax : x ∈ X} and {Bx : x ∈ X} be collections of Banach algebras such that each Ax is a Bx-bimodule. Using the theory of bundles of Banach spaces as a tool, we investigate the module amenability of certain algebras of Ax-valued functions on X over algebras of Bx-valued functions on X.
On generalized fractional integral inequalities of Ostrowski type
Authors: Yildirim Hüseyin , Yildirim Seda Kilinc
Published: August 2021

We obtain new generalizations of Ostrowski inequality by using generalized Riemann{Liouville fractional integrals. Some special cases are also discussed.
Thue's equation as a tool to solve two different problems
Authors: Bouroubi Sadek , Debbache Ali
Published: August 2021

A Thue equation is a Diophantine equation of the form f(x; y) = r, where f is an irreducible binary form of degree at least 3, and r is a given nonzero rational number. A set S of at least three positive integers is called a D13-set if the product of any of its three distinct elements is a perfect cube minus one. We prove that any D13-set is finite and, for any positive integer a, the two-tuple {a, 2a} is extendible to a D13-set 3-tuple, but not to a 4-tuple. Using the well-known Thue equation 2x3 - y3 = 1, we show that the only cubic-triangular number is 1.
On the Fibonacci quaternion sequence with quadruple-produce components
Authors: Diskaya Orhan , Menken Hamza
Published: August 2021

This paper examines the Fibonacci quaternion sequence with quadruple-produce components, and demonstrates a golden-like ratio and some identities for this sequence. Its generating and exponential generating functions are given. Along with these, its series and binomial sum formula are established.
Long-term forensic psychiatric inpatient treatment - review of the selected literature and the analysis of data from the medium secured forensic psychiatry unit.
Authors: Gosek Paweł , Kotowska Justyna , Rowińska-Garbień Elżbieta , Bartczak Dariusz , Plewka Aleksandra , Heitzman Janusz
Published: August 2021

Cel pracy

Celem pracy była analiza czynników ryzyka wieloletnich detencji psychiatrycznych, definiowanych jako pobyt w ośrodkach psychiatrii sądowej przekraczający odpowiednio 60 i 84 miesiące, opracowana na podstawie danych dotyczących 150 pacjentów oddziału psychiatrii sądowej o wzmocnionym stopniu zabezpieczenia. Omówienie wyników poprzedzono analizą dostępnego piśmiennictwa w tym zakresie. Analizowano czynniki socjo-demograficzne, dotychczasowy przebieg choroby, charakterystykę popełnionych czynów, zachowania agresywne lub autoagresywne oraz obraz kliniczny choroby na przestrzeni ostatnich 6 miesięcy detencji psychiatrycznej.

Metoda

Badanie pilotażowe, oparte o retrospektywną analizę danych pochodzących z dokumentacji medycznej oraz opinii sądowo-psychiatrycznych, o charakterze przekrojowym. Ze względu na charakter zmiennych zastosowano testy T-studenta, korelację Spearmana, test ANOVA rang Kruskala-Wallisa.

Wyniki

W analizowanym materiale z ryzykiem wieloletnich hospitalizacji w sposób istotny korelowały czynniki związane z przebiegiem ostatnich 6 miesięcy internacji, w tym stan psychiczny pacjentów, występowanie zachowań agresywnych oraz reakcja na leczenie farmakologiczne. Nie stwierdzono istotnego wpływu czynników demograficznych ani współistniejącego uzależnienia od alkoholu i substancji psychoaktywnych. Ryzyko wieloletnich detencji psychiatrycznych zwiększało się wraz z czasem trwania choroby. Nie obserwowano korelacji w zakresie wieku pacjentów w czasie rozpoczęcia detencji ani liczby detencji. Podobnie, nie stwierdzono, aby czynnikiem ryzyka był charakter rozpoznania chorobowego.

Wnioski

Nasze badanie jest pierwszą systematyczną próbą oceny czynników ryzyka wieloletnich detencji psychiatrycznych w grupie pacjentów ośrodków psychiatrii sądowej w Polsce. Mamy nadzieję, że prezentowane wyniki dadzą nowy impuls do dyskusji o kształcie opieki sadowo-psychiatrycznej w Polsce oraz kolejne badania w tym zakresie, jak również przyczynią się do optymalizacji procesu leczenia.
A Life-Threatening Presentation of Primary Small Cell Colorectal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma as Cardiac Tamponade and Its Challenging Management
Authors: Elkammash Amr , Abdel-Hay Mohamed Ayman , Kanaan Saleh , Alsinan Mustafa , Taha Yosra , Fadul Mohammed , Degheidy Nourhan
Published: August 2021

Colorectal NHL is quite aggressive and rare, forming only less than 1% of all cases of colorectal cancer. The pericardium is an extremely rare first site of metastasis. Cardiac tamponade can be a life-threatening initial presentation. We report a 55-year-old lady who presented with severe shortness of breath, intermittent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. She had low blood pressure with congested neck veins. Her echocardiogram showed pericardial and cardiac infiltration with tumour mass; a large pericardial effusion with signs of cardiac tamponade. There was no safe window for percutaneous drainage, and the patient was not physically fit for surgical drainage. A multidisciplinary approach was used to diagnose and manage the case involving a cardiologist, gastroenterologist, pathologist, radiologist and oncologist. CT scans of the whole body showed a large rectosigmoid mass infiltrating the uterus and adnexa. Flexible sigmoidoscopy showed a large bleeding mass at the rectosigmoid junction. The biopsy confirmed small cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Urgent three cycles of chemotherapy were commenced over a period of 5 weeks ( one cycle of CVP; two cycles of CHOP). The patient showed significant symptomatic improvement. A five-week follow-up echocardiogram showed that the d pericardial tumour had disappeared and only a small rim of pericardial effusion. Effusion did not recollect in her follow-up echocardiography. A year later, she was referred to the palliative care team due to the further spreading of her lymphoma. In conclusion, colorectal small cell NHL might initially present as cardiac tamponade. Urgent initiation of chemotherapy can be a treatment option whenever a drainage procedure is unsafe.
The significance of technology as both a resource in enhancing safety, and a means of perpetrating violence: the implications for policy and practice
Authors: Gendera Sandra , valentine kylie , Breckenridge Jan
Published: August 2021

There is evidence that technological devices such as personal safety alarms and security cameras can be effective in contributing to an increased sense of safety for victims of domestic and family violence, when they are provided as part of a broader programme of support. This article reports on findings from a mixed methods evaluation of a programme trialled in Queensland, Australia. The programme was funded by the Commonwealth Department of Social Services as part of the Keeping Women Safe in Their Home initiative. The trial was comprised of two components: the provision of personal safety alarms and security cameras to victims, and the resourcing of service providers to identify and respond to technology-facilitated abuse experienced by their clients. The findings from the evaluation of the trial contribute to an emerging evidence base on technology as a means to support and increase the safety of victims of violence. The findings also contribute to evidence on the capacity of the sector to respond to the use of technology to harass, monitor and stalk victims.

There are benefits to clients and service providers from the innovative use of technology as part of a holistic and flexible domestic and family violence service response to meet the needs of victims, including those who wish to remain in their home. However, service providers in the trial felt less confident in supporting victims of technology-facilitated abuse. The limited uptake of strategies provided to assess and monitor technology-facilitated abuse indicates that support workers in the domestic violence sector would benefit from capacity building in this area. Better data and more research are needed to understand how technology is used to facilitate abuse and how services can implement effective responses to technology-facilitated abuse.
Fostering Values Through Authentic Storytelling
Authors:   University of Canberra, Gunawardena Maya , Brown Bernard ,   University of Canberra
Published: August 2021

Stories are used for diverse pedagogical purposes. Storytelling is a culturally inclusive and widely used pedagogical technique. However, the success of storytelling interventions in education can be dependent upon how teachers engage students to analyse experiences, and events to gain deeper insights to influence change in their thinking and behaviour. This paper firstly provides a literature review which synthesises Australian Curriculum content and outcome-based approaches used in values education in primary schools including storytelling. Secondly, it offers a novel taxonomy supported by a pedagogical model for storytelling. The proposed pedagogical model contains a constructivist process that can enable teachers to catalyse students’ thinking to reflect on their own ethical behaviour, values, and actions. Metaphorically, stories and the process of storytelling enable them to understand themselves through mirrors and others through windows. The pedagogical model explains how wisdom is obtained to influence students’ behaviour as opposed to only developing students’ understanding.
Metaphysics, Natural Science and Theological Claims
Authors: Guta Mihretu P.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, I aim to discuss E. J. Lowe's view of the synergy between metaphysics and natural science. In doing so, I will extend Lowe’s synergistic model to develop a realist account of theological claims thereby responding to Byrne’s strong form of eliminativism and agnosticism about theological claims. The paper is divided up as follows. In section 1, I will discuss Lowe’s view of metaphysics. In section 2, I will explain how Lowe thinks metaphysics and natural science are related. In section 3, I will respond to objections against Lowe’s conception of metaphysics. In section 4, I will discuss the implications of Lowe’s conception of metaphysics for a realist account of theological claims. In section 5, I will conclude this paper by claiming that there are excellent reasons to extend the synergy between metaphysics and natural science to that of theology as well.
A REVIEW OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF BESIKTAS-YILDIZ FROM THE 19TH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT
Authors: Bindal Dilsat Deniz
Published: August 2021

The Besiktas district located in the Bogazici side of Istanbul experienced various changes throughout history. Considering these changes, there were no settlements in this district in ancient times. The district hosted three important structures in the Byzantine period and developed the identity of a settlement during the Ottoman Period. Besiktas became a region where palaces and pavilions were located and noble families and officers lived during the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent. As Sultan Abdulhamid the Second moved into Yıldız Palace, the district became the administrative region of the Ottomans. Therefore, the district experienced various urban changes and hosted many innovations. The region having historical and cultural values keeps its importance until today. The aim of the present study is to reveal the physical changes in the Besiktas-Yıldız region throughout history according to the requirements, cultural structural changes and regulations. Accordingly, the assessment section was addressed in three sections; until 19 th century, during 19 th century and after 19th century. The relevant literature was reviewed to determine the changing socio-cultural and socio-economic structure of the region in stated period. The analyses of the physical changes were presented on maps and figures of that period. In the conclusion section, the factors that caused the changes were addressed.
IMPACT OF THE RAPID INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF UNIVERSITIES ON UNIVERSITY STRUCTURE AND SOCIETY
Authors: Kose Irem , Bindal Dilsat Deniz
Published: August 2021

Universities are important units, which to enable transition from basic education to vocational field and consist of academicians, students, administrative staff, locates in campuses where are accepted as small-scale city. Campuses should provide user’s needs such as sociocultural improvement with its physical structure. In recent years, number of universities in Turkey has increased rapidly and uncontrollably. Buildings has constructed made without sufficient analysis of the area. It takes a lot of time to build the campuses and there is no space in the city, so instant solutions are created. Besides, buildings that are rised vertically in random areas occur. The aim of this study is to examine the development of university campuses and structures through examples, to determine the changes of structures and to reveal positive and negative effects of these changes on the social environment. In the method of study, the effects of the university campus and its structures on the society, is handled comparatively. Firstly, the parameters of the university buildings that affect the society were determined in line with the literature review. Thus, it has been evaluated in several universities in Turkey. Besides, the positive and negative effects of the university building types are given comparatively. In the study, it was concluded that university areas serving at structure scale are weak in supplying with community needs. Also, suggestions have been made to ensure that university structures can respond to the society needs.
DETECTION OF STRUCTURAL PATHOLOGIES IN BUILDINGS USING ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Navarro Frank , Rodriguez Ana Luisa , Avila Veronica , Justel Alexander
Published: August 2021

Environmental pollution and natural degradation of materials cause deterioration in buildings, initiating pathological processes that require conservation actions. Architectural Photogrammetry will be discussed as a tool to identify different pathologies on buildings and to accurately measure deflections. A photographic study was conducted of the most common deflections on reinforced concrete structures, with samples of different ages and locations exposed to various environments within Holguin Province in Cuba to detect deterioration characteristics, causes and possible treatments. A comparative analysis of other common methods and instruments currently used to measure structural pathologies highlights the efficiency of architectural photogrammetry. Photogrammetry is suitable to study the most common pathologies, their causes, and potential solutions. These include: cracks, fissures, deflection in beams, footing settlement, slenderness in columns, and more. In addition to the scope and efficiency of photogrammetry, this technology also facilitates studying inaccessible points on large elements. The instantaneous recording of accurate data about physical objects gives photogrammetry advantages over conventional structural analysis methods.
DEVELOPMENT OF A RULE-BASED SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED BIM CODE-CHECKING
Authors: Di Giuda Giuseppe Martino , Bonomi Boseggia Andrea , Francesco Paleari
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to describe a method for code-checking integrated into a BIM-based process. Recent developments in the field of model checking, made possible by the increased level of maturity of information modelling, open the possibility to facilitate regulatory controls. However, the automation of this process requires the definition and classification of rules, which represent the translation of regulatory requirements into a computer-based language. This activity, based on Italian legislation, represents the first step to propose a system that aims at integrating BIM models with the rule dataset. For this reason, this paper analyses the different types of queries through rules. These rules must recall principles of generality, replicability, consistency, uniformity. All these requirements are summarized in a structured spreadsheet and compared with the information contained in the BIM model, through a tool implemented within Dynamo software and facilitated by the use of scripts in Python language. The results of this process can be represented in the model and in the spreadsheet for an immediate visualization. This method allows a rapid and detailed control capable of highlighting the potential of information modelling and its integration.
USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND VIRTUAL REALITY FOR A USER-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH
Authors: Di Giuda Giuseppe Martino , Pradella Simone , Schievano Marco
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a method to integrate qualitative requirements in the design process, starting from environmental psychology, and including the use of virtual reality systems. The current approach to the design process is mainly based on compliance with building codes or regulations and developed through consolidated practices or previous expertise. The goal of this research is the creation of a work method, based on scientific evidences, that puts the user at the center of the process. Focused on school buildings and through a critical review, four main themes are defined as guidelines for the designer: a) perception of the building; b) physical characteristics; c) design of the classroom space and furniture; d) school green spaces and outdoor activities. These represent the starting point, potentially improved through the definition of new fields of research; for this purpose, it is possible evaluate the use of VR technologies as a potential support tool. The paper also proposes an experimental model to investigate, by VR technologies, the effects related to exposure to the external environment from the internal one, by studying two variables: the type of connection (visual vs. physical) and the type of environment (natural vs. anthropic) in relation to student’s stress and attention levels. This approach provides a new vision of the design phase where the focus is brought to the user through the analysis of scientific evidence, together with the use of new technologies.
AN INNOVATIVE COOLING ROOF REDUCING THE ENERGY DEMAND FOR A NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN TROPICAL CLIMATE
Authors: Cepeda Ortiz Mauro
Published: August 2021

In tropical climates, high temperatures and high levels of humidity, coupled with inadequate design of buildings, lead to an increase in thermal loads. The roof is the element of the building that receives the greatest amount of solar radiation throughout the year. As a result, the roof receives excessive thermal gain, which is then transmitted to the rest of the building and leads to an increase in final energy demands. Much of this can be solved with passive design strategies. With respect to the main problem of the building roof, natural ventilation can provide improvements in reducing temperatures in this area and the structure below. First, through correct orientation, a reduction of the building’s annual energy consumption by 24.32% was achieved. Secondly, by applying different configurations of the roof a reduction of 78.09% in roof cooling loads was obtained. This was brought about through a combination of optimization of the roof design for natural ventilation and the application of reflective materials with a U value of 0.13 W / mK. From the second scenario it was reduced by 14.74% with the applied strategy.
BIOCLIMATIC OPTIMIZATION: SKYLIGHT GROUND FLOOR NEW BUILDING, UDLA PARK TORRE II
Authors: Cepeda Ortiz Mauro , Morales Santiago , Cabrera Viviana
Published: August 2021

When high thermal comfort and energy efficiency are provided in an academic environment many beneficial effects on student’s comfort, performance, productivity, and health are shown. The research provides a parametric airflow evaluation of a skylight in a ground floor of new educational building assuming a variation of 4 stages with eight scenarios for the admissions office. By means of the bioclimatic analysis, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) indices, the best internal airflow performance for the study area applying natural ventilation is achieved with the air flow optimization. A minimum area of 1.79 m has been established for extraction and movement of the internal flow, both with the natural extraction louvers system measuring 12 inches by 60 inches and the 18 inches by 60 inches, they work properly. However, the 18 inches by 60 inches system has better effectiveness as it has fewer louver units to be placed, is more homogeneous, avoids turbulence and provides better air extraction. In addition, by having fewer louver units distributed along the length of the skylight, it will allow the operation to be more controlled during the operation of the building. The use of 8 louvers of those proportions, with an individual effective area of 0.23 m and a total of 1.84 m was recommended in accordance with the results obtained.
BUILDING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL BUILDING ON SUBTROPICAL HIGHLAND CLIMATE
Authors: MORALES MARCO SANTIAGO
Published: August 2021

Quito is located adjacent to the Equator. Average climatic conditions suggest passive solar building design strategies. Moreover, weather data confirmed that thermal comfort is presented only 16.2 % of the time. The analysis consisted of two stages. The first measured the influence of the parametric modification of ten building parameters. Second, a global sensitivity method was applied to the analysis of the previously predicted best performance configuration. Finally, the probability density array for choosing the best performance considered the percentage of contribution per parameter, versus the energy individual performance variation. Considering only construction elements the wall variation had the biggest contribution for decreasing energy loads with a mean reduction of 6.64 %. Moreover, windows and roof types had a parallel percentage of influence, which was about 3.09 %. Finally, floor types and installation of shading devices contributed to fewer energy savings, which on average was 2.20 %. This research has demonstrated that the use of BPA for energy optimization improves the level of accuracy at the moment of selecting the most influential circumstances and parameters on the building’s performance.
INNOVATIVE PRE-FABRICATED CONNECTORS FOR BAMBOO ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Rittironk Supreedee
Published: August 2021

Bamboo is the natural construction material that has become the trend for the sustainable architecture, due to its renewability. Bamboo connections are considered the most difficult process that consumes construction time. This study is the design experiment how innovative connections can expedite the fabrication and their performance. The study deals with the design of connection prototypes for bamboo framing and tests their performance in actual construction. Connectors are designed into the receivers and the nozzles. Receivers act like the female connector. They are receptors at foundation to transfer loads to ground. The nozzles are the male connector that looks like an extruder attached to the end of structural members to connect to the receivers. Nozzles are offered in both a single culm and split bundles. The experiment also designed the straps for bamboo splits, to wrap the split together into one bundle. Steel connectors are introduced to initiate the bamboo construction as pre-fabrication process, yet the strength of connections is maintained. These prototypes are also applied to actual construction to verify the constructability, performance, and architectural applications. It is found that connectors are effective to minimize construction time, but still have other limitation. The study took lesson learned to design more permanent connectors to solve all restricted issues. Finally, innovative connectors were created into many variety forms for fabrication. They can also perform greatly in strength and attractive look. These findings can motivate architects to explore possibility for bamboo architecture in pre-fabrication process, and to be more innovatively and effectively.
DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF CHANGING CHANNEL GEOMETRY OF IRRIGATION CANALS ON DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION
Authors: Elbaradei Sherine Ahmed , Alsadeq Mai Wagih , Abodonya Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important water quality parameter. It is considered the most important parameter. DO concentration in water is affected by different parameters such as volume flow rate, water velocity, and re-aeration rate. Those parameters are directly affected by the geometry of the waterway. Thus, studying the impact of changing channel geometry on DO is very important. Many researchers studied the effect of influential parameters on water quality variables but the influence of channel geometric parameters on DO was not studied thoroughly before. This research aims to study the effect of changing channel geometry on DO concentration. The DO is modeled along the channel using Streeter-Phelps equation. Studied geometric parameters are water depth, bottom width, side-slopes, and channel length. The case study is taken as Sheikh Zayed canal in Egypt. Sheikh Zayed canal is responsible for irrigating Toshka land in the Western Desert of Egypt. It is also responsible for increasing the cultivated area of Egypt by about 550,000 feddans. It was found that the DO concentration is greatly affected by changing the geometry of the canal, as the canal geometry directly influences the flow velocity as well as reaeration rate. The percentage change of DO concentration with every geometry parameter is for length 6.8%, bed width 1.8%, water depth 4%, and side slopes 1.4%.
GENERATING A STREAM WITH A STABLE FORMALDEHYDE CONCENTRATION IN THE LABORATORY
Authors: Al-faliti Mitham , Aly Hassan Ashraf , Dvorak Bruce
Published: August 2021

A laboratory-scale bio-trickling filter (BTF) was initialized to evaluate the removal of formaldehyde biologically. However, generating formaldehyde gas in the lab is one of the grand challenges hindering research efforts. Formaldehyde was introduced into the gaseous phase by aerating the required air flowrate through a diluted formaldehyde solution mixed with methanol as a stabilizer by a bubbler. However, achieving stable gaseous influent concentrations of formaldehyde was challenging since it polymerizes while volatilizing. Resulting in paraformaldehyde. The resulting white powder clogged the pipes and generated uneven gaseous concentrations. To solve this problem, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was added with a phosphate buffer to the aqueous formaldehyde solution to maintain the pH between 7.00-7.20. Additionally, the aqueous solution needed to be heated at 60℃ to eliminate the polymerization. The exhausted formaldehyde by volatilization was replaced by a continuous supply of aqueous diluted formaldehyde solution to keep the volume and mass of the aqueous solution and formaldehyde constant, respectively. Stable gaseous concentration was achieved for extended periods of time and verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
EFFECT OF COVERING IRRIGATION CHANNELS ON TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS AND TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
Authors: ElBaradei Sherine Ahmed , AlSadeq Mai Wagih , Abdel Kader Sarah Ehab
Published: August 2021

The increase in the evaporation rate is one of the crucial effects of climate change. Water losses due to evaporation are considered as an important challenge that faces the agriculture sector considering the recent water crisis in Egypt. So, covering irrigation canals with the aim to decrease evaporation could be a good solution for this problem, especially if the coverage is expected to be used for power production by covering these canals with solar panels. However, the main concern is the effect of the covering on the quality of water. So, this research study investigates the effect of irrigation canals’ covering on rates of evaporation and some water quality variables specifically total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS). The results of the study showed that covering irrigation canals will have a significant effect on water quality parameters. It is found that the studied water quality parameters; TSS and TDS both are decreasing from 56.39 to 56.35 mg/l and from 160.15 to 160.00 mg/l, respectively by increasing the percentage coverage of the canal from 0% to 100%.