bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upregulated Transcription Factor PITX1 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma-Based Bioinformatic Analysis and Experimental Verification
Authors: Zhang Yinglang , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Wei , Hu Hailong , Bao Guochang
Published: November 2021

Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 (PITX1) is involved in numerous biological processes, including cell growth, progression, and invasion in various malignant tumors. Nevertheless, the relationship between PITX1 and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains unclear. The clinical role and functions of PITX1 were analyzed by integrating multiple open-access online datasets. Further experimental verification was performed via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of PITX1 in 10 pairs of KIRC tissues. Our results revealed that PITX1 mRNA was overexpressed in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues in the TCGA-KIRC database (

p
<
0.001

) and numerous independent cohorts (

p
<
0.05

). Further, high expression of PITX1 mRNA was detected in KIRC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues in our center by qRT-PCR (

N
=
10

,

p
<
0.05

). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the PITX1 level was positively associated with KIRC patients, T and M stages, histologic grade, and pathologic stage (all

p
<
0.05

). Survival analysis showed that upregulation of PITX1 mRNA was associated with poor overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) (all

p
<
0.05

). Univariate/multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis revealed that PITX1 was an independent risk factor for OS in patients with KIRC (

HR
=
1.998

,

p
=
0.003

). Accordingly, the time-independent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed that PITX1 had good predictive efficacy for OS and DSS. Meanwhile, a prediction model constructed by nomogram was used to predict the OS of KIRC patients, and the calibration plot indicated this model shows high accuracy. We also revealed some downstream target genes of PITX1-related signaling pathways. Our finding suggested that high PITX1 mRNA expression may act as an independent predictive factor of poor prognosis in patients with KIRC. The prognostic model based on the nomogram would be instrumental in evaluating the survival rate in KIRC patients.
Reactive Oxygen Species Are Essential for Vasoconstriction upon Cold Exposure
Authors: Zhang Di , Chang Shiquan , Jing Bei , Li Xin , Shi Huimei , Zheng Yachun , Lin Yi , Chen Zhenni , Qian Guoqiang , Pan Yuwei , Zhao Guoping
Published: November 2021

Purpose. We explored the role of ROS in cold‐induced vasoconstriction and corresponding mechanism. Methods. Three experiments were performed. First, we measured blood flow in human hands before and after cold exposure. Second, 24 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: 8 mice received saline injection, 8 received subcutaneous Tempol injection, and 8 received intrathecal Tempol injection. After 30 min, we determined blood flow in the skin before and after cold exposure. Finally, we used Tempol, CCG‐1423, and Go 6983 to pretreat HAVSMCs and HUVECs for 24 h. Then, cells in the corresponding groups were exposed to cold (6 h, 4°C). After cold exposure, the cytoskeleton was stained. Intracellular Ca2+ and ROS levels were measured by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. We measured protein expression via Western blotting. Results. In the first experiment, after cold exposure, maximum skin blood flow decreased to 118.4 ± 50.97 flux units. Then, Tempol or normal saline pretreatment did not change skin blood flow. Unlike intrathecal Tempol injection, subcutaneous Tempol injection increased skin blood flow after cold exposure. Finally, cold exposure for 6 h shrank the cells, making them narrower, and increased intracellular Ca2+ and ROS levels in HUVECs and HAVSMCs. Tempol reduced cell shrinkage and decreased intracellular Ca2+ levels. In addition, Tempol decreased intracellular ROS levels. Cold exposure increased RhoA, Rock1, p‐MLC‐2, ET‐1, iNOS, and p‐PKC expression and decreased eNOS expression. Tempol or CCG‐1423 pretreatment decreased RhoA, Rock1, and p‐MLC‐2 levels in HAVSMCs. Furthermore, Tempol or Go 6983 pretreatment decreased ET‐1, iNOS, and p‐PKC expression and increased eNOS expression in HUVECs. Conclusion. ROS mediate the vasoconstrictor response within the cold‐induced vascular response, and ROS in blood vessel tissues rather than nerve fibers are involved in vasoconstriction via the ROS/RhoA/ROCK1 and ROS/PKC/ET‐1 pathways in VSMCs and endothelial cells.
FOXC2 Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats through Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Rui , Wu Yonggang , Jiang Shoutao
Published: November 2021

Objective. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is the leading cause of death in patients with cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) on MIRI in rats. Methods. We made ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) models for rats by performing I/R surgery. After 3 hours, 3 days, and 7 days of reperfusion, we detected the structure and function of rat myocardium by 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, echocardiography, lactate dehydrogenase kit, and haematoxylin-eosin staining. The change of FOXC2 expression in myocardial tissue was also detected. Then, we increased the expression of FOXC2 in rats by adenovirus transfection to clarify the effect of FOXC2 on changes of oxidative stress and inflammation of rat myocardium. In addition, we detected the effect of FOXC2 overexpression plasmid on the function of H9c2 cells in vitro. The expression changes of Nrf2/HO-1 in myocardial cells were also detected to clarify the mechanism of action of FOXC2. Results. The expression of FOXC2 in I/R rats was significantly lower than that in the sham group. After overexpressing FOXC2 in I/R rats, we found that the expression of SOD1/2 of rat myocardium and inflammatory factors in the serum were significantly reduced. Overexpression of FOXC2 also increased the viability and antioxidant capacity of H9c2 cells. In addition, FOXC2 was found to increase the activity of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in myocardial cells, and the inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway attenuated the protective effect of FOXC2 on myocardial cells. Conclusions. MIRI in rats was accompanied by low expression of FOXC2 in myocardial tissue. Overexpression of FOXC2 reduces the level of inflammation and oxidative stress in myocardial tissue by promoting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating MIRI.
A Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Pathway‐Based Prognostic Signature for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Yue , Zhang Xi , Wei Xian , Feng Huan , Hu Bintao , Deng Zhiyao , Liu Bo , Luan Yang , Ruan Yajun , Liu Xiaming , Liu Zhuo , Liu Jihong , Wang Tao
Published: November 2021

Mitochondria not only are the main source of ATP synthesis but also regulate cellular redox balance and calcium homeostasis. Its dysfunction can lead to a variety of diseases and promote cancer and metastasis. In this study, we aimed to explore the molecular characteristics and prognostic significance of mitochondrial genes (MTGs) related to oxidative stress in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). A total of 75 differentially expressed MTGs were analyzed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, including 46 upregulated and 29 downregulated MTGs. Further analysis screened 6 prognostic‐related MTGs (ACAD11, ACADSB, BID, PYCR1, SLC25A27, and STAR) and was used to develop a signature. Kaplan‐Meier survival and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed that the signature could accurately distinguish patients with poor prognosis and had good individual risk stratification and prognostic potential. Stratified analysis based on different clinical variables indicated that the signature could be used to evaluate tumor progression in ccRCC. Moreover, we found that there were significant differences in immune cell infiltration between the low‐ and high‐risk groups based on the signature and that ccRCC patients in the low‐risk group responded better to immunotherapy than those in the high‐risk group (46.59% vs 35.34%, P = 0.008). We also found that the expression levels of these prognostic MTGs were significantly associated with drug sensitivity in multiple ccRCC cell lines. Our study for the first time elucidates the biological function and prognostic significance of mitochondrial molecules associated with oxidative stress and provides a new protocol for evaluating treatment strategies targeting mitochondria in ccRCC patients.
Spiritual Care in Advanced Dementia from the Perspective of Health Providers: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Camacho-Montaño Lucía Rocío , Pérez-Corrales Jorge , Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres Marta , Martin-Pérez Ana María , Güeita-Rodríguez Javier , Velarde-García Juan Francisco , Palacios-Ceña Domingo
Published: November 2021

Background. Worldwide, 47 million people suffer from dementia. Despite recognizing the importance of spirituality within dementia care, it is still unclear how this should be integrated into dementia services. Aim. To explore the perspective of health professionals regarding the spiritual care of people with advanced dementia. Methods. A qualitative systematic review was performed following the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research guidelines for the study design. The inclusion criteria included original articles published from January 2008 to March 2019, using either qualitative or mixed methods. The quality of the articles included was evaluated using the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research, Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Synthesis of findings was performed using thematic analysis. Results. Twelve studies were included in the review. Seventeen categories were identified, grouped into four themes: (1) the perception of spirituality, including the failure to address the same, (2) the spiritual needs of people with advanced dementia, (3) spiritual needs from health care providers, and (4) addressing spirituality, with the following categories: music, significant activities, among others. Conclusions. Spirituality is not formally addressed in this population, and professionals do not feel confident enough to be able to integrate spirituality in their care. It is necessary to identify and record the spiritual needs of people with advanced dementia, as well as to design specific care programs.
Factors Predicting Nodal Metastasis in Penile Cancer: Analysis from a Tertiary Center
Authors: Malik Kanuj , Chandrasekaran Deepak , Kathiresan Narayanaswamy , Raja Anand
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic marker in penile cancer. Identification of occult metastasis is by lymphadenectomy based on the histological features of primary tumor; however, this leads to unnecessary surgical morbidity in node negative patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all surgically treated penile cancer patients managed at our institute from January 2011 to March 2014 was performed. Patient characteristics, histological factors, and lymph node involvement were identified. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratio (OR) in univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Ninety seven patients underwent surgical management at our institute during the abovementioned period. Grade III tumor, presence of lymphovascular invasion, tumor thickness >10 mm, perineural invasion (PNI) and Ki67 >50% were significantly associated with nodal metastasis. On multivariate analysis, only presence of PNI was found to be significant (OR: 6.82) (95% confidence interval: 1.72–27.03) (p = 0.006). Conclusion: PNI is a strong independent predictor of occult lymph node metastasis in penile cancers. Its inclusion in stratification of clinically node negative patients will identify high-risk patients who will benefit from prophylactic lymphadenectomy.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gu Dongqing , Ou Shan , Liu Guodong
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Previous studies have investigated the potential role of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in subsequent development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but reported inconsistent results. We aimed to determine the association between TBI and subsequent occurrence of dementia and AD. Methods: We performed a systematic search in PubMed and Web of Science for studies that quantitatively investigated the association between TBI and risk of dementia and AD and were published on or before September 21, 2021. A random-effects model was used to combine the estimates. Results: Twenty-five eligible articles were included in this meta-analysis. The results suggested that TBI was associated with an increased risk of dementia (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53–2.14). However, no association was observed between TBI and AD (pooled OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.91–1.15). In the subgroup analysis, TBI with loss of consciousness was not associated with risk of dementia (pooled OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.84–1.09). Besides, Asian ethnicity, male gender, and mean age of the participants less than 65 years were associated with a higher risk of dementia. Conclusion: Our study suggests an increased risk of dementia among individuals with TBI, highlighting the need for more intensive medical monitoring and health education in individuals with TBI. Biological mechanisms linking TBI and the development of dementia are needed in future studies.
Merleau-Ponty, une phénoménologie au champagne
Authors: Giannotti José Arthur
Published: November 2021

Neste texto, retraço o percurso do pensamento de Merleau-Ponty, sobretudo aquele organizado em torno da questão da linguagem, a fim de acompanhar a presença de opções teóricas que desembocam na impossibilidade de sua fenomenologia deparar-se efetivamente com o problema da crise da razão que, a meu ver se delineia com Heidegger e Wittgenstein e atravessa o século.
Sobre Merleau-Ponty, Husserl, Wittgenstein: fenomenologia e dogmatismo
Authors: Santos Luiz Henrique Lopes dos
Published: November 2021

Husserl e o jovem Wittgenstein ofereceram respostas análogas à questão crítica da harmonia entre pensamento, linguagem e realidade. Ambos recorreram ao postulado de um sujeito transcendental não mundano, a que a totalidade do mundo estaria essencialmente correlacionada. Merleau-Ponty e o segundo Wittgenstein criticaram esse postulado e propuseram respostas alternativas àquela questão em bases análogas. Ambos denunciaram seus pressupostos essencialistas e ambos invocaram noções de operações transcendentais mundanas e práticas. No entanto, a resposta fenomenológica de Merleau-Ponty ainda não é completamente isenta de vestígios dogmáticos.
Merleau-Ponty, Lefort e a Modernidade como problema filosófico
Authors: Flynn Bernard , Ramos Silvana de Souza , Carpinelli Lucas
Published: November 2021

Na primeira parte deste artigo, apresentarei, de forma breve, a concepção de Modernidade de Robert Pippin e por que ele a considera um problema filosófico. Mostrarei como determinados filósofos – Kant, em especial – a conceituaram e então voltar-me-ei a Hegel, cuja posição, em versão radicalmente deflacionária, o próprio Pippin sustenta. Na segunda parte, abordarei aspectos da filosofia de Merleau-Ponty que contestam a espontaneidade da consciência, noção central para o hegelianismo de Pippin. Na terceira parte, concluirei com uma discussão da obra de Lefort, sua prática de hiper-reflexão e sua própria teorização da Democracia e do Totalitarismo. Sustento que, comparativamente, a ontologia de Merleau-Ponty e a filosofia política de Lefort apresentam maior capacidade de produzir reflexões sobre a Modernidade sem apelo a qualquer tipo de estrutura teleológica ou teológica.
Estrutura e ontologia no 'Prefácio' da 'Fenomenologia da Percepção'
Authors: Moura Alex de Campos
Published: November 2021

Detendo-se no Prefácio da Fenomenologia da Percepção, este texto busca explicitar a presença de dois operadores fundamentais desde o início da reflexão de Merleau-Ponty. Por um lado, a noção de estrutura, e, por outro, relacionada a ela, a presença de uma problematização ontológica, reconhecível já na maneira pela qual o autor incorpora o projeto fenomenológico.
THE PHENOMENON OF MULTITASKING IN THE CONTEXT OF CULTURAL-HISTORICAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND A GROWING COMPLEXITY IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
Authors: Emelin Vadim A. , Soldatova Galina U.
Published: November 2021

Relevance. Multitasking gets defined socially and dominating with the development of information technologies. It becomes the system of requirements and possibilities for combining, switching and alternating activities of different forms and contents within one complex activity. As a consequence of the technological development of the information society and a result of worldview transformations within the framework of the paradigm of multiplicity of the postmodern culture, the phenomenon of multitasking as a complex form of the activity in the technologized society becomes one of relevant objects of research in psychology and other sciences of man. Purpose. The theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of multitasking as a reflection of a multifaceted nature and variability of the postmodern culture and a result of the entry of digital technologies of the information society into the daily life in the context of the concepts of multiplicity and complexity. Method. The logic and methodology of the study is based on the cultural-historical and activity-based and semantic paradigm. The theoretical and comparative analyses and the method of generalization are employed to achieve the defined goals. Results. The philosophical analysis of socio-cultural, worldview and technological factors that determine the nature of multitasking is carried out. It shows the role of certain philosophical constructs of the postmodern worldview, particular technologies of the information society in developing the basis for the emergence of the phenomenon of multitasking and also its technological embodiment — mediamultitasking. Conclusions. At present, multitasking is the practice imposed by the specific nature of the information-communication activity under the technologization and complexity of the modern realities. Regardless of the attitude to this phenomenon, multitasking is an objective fact of the culture of the information society and, as a result, is one of the prerequisites for an efficient activity under its conditions.
CHANGES IN DANGER PERCEPTION AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF LOCKDOWN DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN WOMEN
Authors: Veshchikova Milena I. , Zvereva Natalia V.
Published: November 2021

Background. Current investigations shows substantial effect of personal experience on danger perception. During COVID-19 pandemic many people reported about psychological discomfort, anxiety, fear, comes from infection itself and collateral effects of pandemic. Investigations in psychology of risk indicate personal experience as one of components of risk perception. In the same time there are no clearance of the effect of experience of particular danger on wide spectrum of hazards. Objective. Our aim was to clarify the effect of pandemic experience on perception of dangers of external world, to assess quantitative and quantitative differences in danger perception on different stages of coronavirus spread and restrictions rate in Russian sample. Design. The research uses original diagnostic complex designed for danger perception assessment: Photo-test “Danger estimate test based on photos”, modified Drawn Apperceptive Test, DAT (itself a modification of Thematic Apperceptive Test), “unfinished sentences” test (original set). The research had two stages. The first stage was held before coronavirus start spreading in Russia (February 2020) and before restrictions were imposed. The second stage of research was held in the period of pandemic acceleration and hard restrictions (March-April 2020). The research was held online Sample size: 57 undergraduates aged 18–24 years. Results. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. In Phototest integral score of perceived danger is higher on second stage (p ≤ 0.05) as well as anthropogenic score (p ≤ 0.01). Natural and social scores shows no significant differences. There are mentions of coronavirus are found in answers to unfinished sentences on the second stage of research. Conclusion. Experience of danger situation substantially increases perceived risk score concerning actual hazard. Projective methods shows an actualization of the hazard theme. Experience of pandemic danger don’t effect on assessment of interpersonal relationships risks.
FREEDOM: RESPONSIBILITY, NEGATIVISM, CARE
Authors: Rean Artur A.
Published: November 2021

Relevance and purpose. In the context of modern social life and its reflection by science, the phenomenon of freedom is one of the fundamental theoretical and practical problems. Understanding the true causes of the formation of an asocial personality, far from extreme science paradigms, is one of the pressing problems of modern psychology. The purpose of this article is to analyze and consider the issues of freedom and aggressive behavior of adolescents in the modes of responsibility, negativism and care. Research methods. Theoretical analysis and synthesis of relevant literature. Research results. Aspects of freedom in connection with external and internal restrictions are considered, constructive and destructive types of freedom are distinguished. The problem of differentiating the desire for freedom and the risks of negativism are noted, active negativity and passive negativity are described. Aspects of hostile attribution bias as structural-motivational element of deviant and delinquent behavior are revealed. Egalitarian and traditional concepts of parenting and their connection with the development of autonomous, independent personality are considered. The conditions in association with the values of freedom, independence and care act as predictors of the subjective feeling of happiness in adolescents are noted. Conclusions. Freedom is a prerequisite condition for the development of responsibility, personality with an internal locus of control. Freedom should be coupled аwith responsibility, parental supervision and providing of freedom for a teen to make a significant contribution to the socialization of freedom and responsibility. The phenomenon of emancipation in adolescence can be associated with the risks of negativism as a form of aggression. High partial self esteem (leadership ability and self esteem of one’s “physical self”) correlate with negativism. One of the essential mechanisms for the formation and functioning of negativism is the hostile attribution bias, the tendency to which is associated with high risks of delinquent behavior. Children from families with freedom parenting style are characterized by deprivation of care, they are more often less satisfied with “family” childhood. At the same time, controlling parents can also play a negative role, increasing the risks of aggression.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN PRESCHOOLERS: THEORETICAL REVIEW
Authors: Oshchepkova Ekaterina S. , Kartushina Natalia A. , Bukhalenkova Daria A.
Published: November 2021

Relevance. Both speech and the affect are critically important for the development of the child, his academic achievements. The interrelation of these mental functions shows opportunities for the development of preschoolers. Objective. Analytical review of classical and modern studies of Russian and foreign scientists on the types of relationship between speech and emotional development in preschool children. Methods. Critical analysis of the literature on the emotional and speech development and their relationship. Results. On the basis of the analyzed works, a conclusion is made about the close connection and interaction of the emotional and linguistic functions of the child in the process of ontogenesis. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between the emotional competence of the child (the ability to recognize and name emotions) and the level of development of the lexical aspect, especially the knowledge of words associated with the affect. Another significant area of intersection of language and emotions is the communication, which is the more successful for a child, the better his speech and emotions are developed. As an interpretation, several approaches are proposed — as well-established within the framework of the cultural-historical approach of L.S. Vygotsky and modern cognitive models. Conclusions. This analysis allows to both get acquainted with the latest domestic and foreign works in the field of the relationship between speech and emotions of children, and to see the possibilities for the practical application of the approaches revised. In particular, to assess the contribution of speech functions to emotional regulation and self-regulation of the child, as well as to improve the development of the emotional vocabulary of children.
READING COMPREHENSION OF EDUCATIONAL TEXTS AMONG 4–8 GRADES STUDENTS AS INDICATOR OF THEIR ABILITY TO LEARN
Authors: Sidneva Anastasia N. , Stepanova Marina A. , Plotnikova Valeria A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Within the framework of the actual problem of the ability to learn for a modern school the peculiarities of children’s reading comprehension of edu-cational texts were studied. The analysis showed that the problem of reading com-prehension is not sufficiently developed from the standpoint of Cultural Activity Approach, since in existing studies (I.I. Ilyasov, I.V. Usacheva, O.E., Malskaya, etc.), the activity aspect is expressed only in a detailed description of the actions that provide reading comprehension and their structure, but these works do not “grasp” the general meaning of these actions related to the students’ understanding of the indicative purpose of educational texts — that it is from their content that the indicative basis of the subject actions performed should be ex-tracted. The most clearly indicative purpose of a special type of educational text — the definition of a concept — is justified in studies of the formation of the recogni-tion action (RA) (P. Ya. Galperin, N.F. Talyzina, L.F. Obukhova, etc.), where the “understanding” of the definition is the ability to recognize the objects that are described by it. The goal: to study the ability of students to perceive educational texts (ordinary educational texts and definitions of concepts) as tools for completing of specific tasks. Methods and sample. A sample of students in grades 4–8 (N = 280) was conducted: 1) assessment of the formation of the ability to work with definitions of concepts (concept’ recognition tasks, developed on the basis of the principles of diagnostics by N.F. Talyzina), 2) assessment of the ability to highlight the main thing in the text (the method of O.E. Malskaya and A.A. Sidelnikova “Selection of main sentences” for grades 4–8), 3) assessment of the ability to structure the text (the task of selecting paragraphs and their heading), 4) two GIT subtests (“Execution of rules” and “Numerical series”). Results and conclusions. It was shown that the understanding of definitions significantly and positively correlates with the understanding of educational texts. It was also revealed that the level of formation of both the ability to work with definitions and the ability to work with texts does not significantly increase after the 4th grade and up to the 8th grade there is a “failure” in these parameters, despite the smooth positive dynamics in some intellectual abilities.
African Spectral Pasts and Their Presences on the Malabar Coast
Authors: Jeychandran Neelima
Published: November 2021

In the coastal regions of Kochi in Kerala, memories of forced African migration to India are preserved through shrines dedicated to African or Kappiri spirits, belief in their mischievous acts, and their intercessory powers. Shrines for African spirits are eclectic and modest, and they operate as indexical reminders of the troubled African pasts during the colonial occupation of Kerala. For most local people, Kappiri is a spectral deity, figureless and seemingly abstract, and a pervasive spirit who inhabits the coastal landscape. By studying vernacular histories, tales of spirit sightings, and worship practices surrounding the spectral figure of Kappiri, I have analysed how African spirits manifest their phantom presences and channel their spectral powers to those who seek to believe in their histories, which otherwise are obliterated from institutional discourses. Focussing on different material and intangible manifestations of African spirits, I discuss how different recollective practices—ritualistic, creative, and secular—offer alternative discursive exegesis on Afro-Indian connections.
Afrasian Entanglements and Generic Ambiguities in Sultan Somjee’s Bead Bai
Authors: Munos Delphine
Published: November 2021

This article looks at Sultan Somjee’s Bead Bai (2012) which focuses on Sakina, a member of the Satpanth Ismaili community living in mid-twentieth century Kenya. Based on nine years of research and interviews with Khoja women who now reside in Western Europe and North America, Bead Bai is generally described as a “historical novel” or an “ethnographic fiction,” yet it also can be thought of as pertaining to the genre of what Brett Smith et al. (2015) call “ethnographic creative nonfiction.” I discuss the ways in which the ‘genre-bending’ aspects of Bead Bai participate in retracing the little-known history of Afrasian entanglements for Asian African women who sorted out, arranged and looked after ethnic beads during colonial times in East Africa. More specifically, I will suggest that, by toying with the boundary between fiction and ethnography, Somjee opens new gendered avenues for reinserting the category of the imaginary at the heart of Afrasian entanglements.
The Indian Ocean as a Memory Space
Authors: Njenga Karugia John
Published: November 2021

This conversation with the author Neera Kapur-Dromson took place in Nairobi, Kenya, on 9th March 2018 during filming of the documentary film ‘Afrasian Memories in East Africa’ in which Neera Kapur-Dromson features. Neera Kapur-Dromson lives in France and Kenya. She is the author of the book ‘From Jhelum to Tana’. Here, Neera-Kapur Dromson reflects upon transregional interactions across the Indian Ocean as a memory space through life histories of various generations of her ancestors, various actors within the cosmopolitanisms of the Indian Ocean and her own experiences. She discusses how specific Indian Ocean societies experienced, were shaped by and negotiated multiple transformations related but not limited to nation-state politics, transoceanic trade, citizenship politics, colonial railway projects, identity politics, religion and transculturality as migrations, colonialism, and resultant interactions occurred across time and space. Her discussion visualises and demystifies the emergence of entangled Afrasian transregional spaces within the complexity of cosmopolitan societies across the Indian Ocean. The film was part of an international research project at Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany, titled Africa’s Asian Options (AFRASO). It was launched during an AFRASO symposium titled “Afrasian Entanglements: Current Dynamics and Future Perspectives in India-Africa Relations” at the University of Mumbai in June 2018.
Rethinking Complementarianism
Authors: Shorter Rosie Clare
Published: November 2021

Complementarianism, that is, Christian teaching focusing on men’s leadership and women’s submission as an ideal pattern of relationships and gendered behaviour, has been identified both as a boundary marker with little lived currency and as a contributing factor in instances of intimate partner violence. This contradiction raises a question; does complementarianism have little felt effect or does it have significant—and violent—social consequences? In this article, drawing on Scott’s analysis of Secularism as discourse I consider complementarianism as a religio-political discourse. Through analysis of published church material and stories gathered through interviews with parishioners and church staff, I explore how complementarianism is constructed and implemented in the Sydney Anglican Diocese. I argue that complementarianism is not a distinctively Christian theology, but a discourse, or story, told in community which constructs orthodoxy and both creates and limits gendered and religious identity.
Mutual Flourishing?
Authors: Jagger Sharon
Published: November 2021

This article explores the experiences of women priests in the Church of England through the lens of Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic violence. Comparing acts of symbolic violence perpetrated against women in the priesthood with the categories of domestic abuse set out in the Duluth Wheel of Power model, I highlight how institutional discourses in the Church and relational interactions can hold hidden abuses based on how gender is constructed at the symbolic level. My intention is to show that the Church of England’s split structure, known as the two integrities, is a manifestation of religious discourse that frames women as differently human and that this fundamental view of gender perpetuates masculine domination and violence against women, often in unseen ways. My argument concludes with a call to better understand the nature of gendered symbolic violence and how religious institutions provide justification for and legitimisation of such violence.
Conservative Christianity and Intimate Partner Violence in Brazil
Authors: Beecheno Kim
Published: November 2021

Based on empirical research in a women’s shelter in São Paulo, Brazil, this article examines how ‘secular’ professionals and service users negotiate conservative Christian faith, gender roles and domestic violence. The article demonstrates how staff use theological arguments with feminist interpretations of religion, in order to better communicate with abused women of faith. A key finding is that both the religious service users and the ‘secular’ professionals discover it is not religion per se which allows for situations of violence, but rather the patriarchal way in which conservative Christianity is taught in some churches, ultimately functioning as a method of controlling women. Moreover, through feminist consciousness-raising and attention to women’s rights, some abused women of faith find ways of negotiating the violence they experience, leading to an understanding of it as both personal and political.
Rebus sic stantibus as a Stabilizing Doctrine in the Climate Crisis
Authors: Reisman Diana Azarnoush Arsanjani
Published: November 2021

In the face of massive, unanticipated and even disjunctive changes, the balance of the respective interests of the state parties to existing treaties may no longer survive the changed—or changing—climate landscape. While, ideally, the co-contracting states to such treaties could mutually agree to terminate or revise their treaty obligations to accommodate such changes and redress the now imbalance of interests in the treaty, some scenarios are bound to be contentious. In such cases, is there any other procedure that can provide for an orderly and fair adjustment of treaties so as to avert a breakdown of the network of treaties and a destabilization of world order? This article proposes that the rebus sic stantibus doctrine may function as a stabilizing doctrine for maintaining and possibly adjusting treaty regimes in an orderly fashion. Unlike the doctrine of necessity or many explicit treaty carve-outs, such as the security exception of the US Model Bilateral Investment Treaty, the doctrine of rebus sic stantibus may allow for both an objective test and also one that must be pleaded before a third-party arbiter. For this reason, rebus operates within controlled limits. Rebus offers an international tribunal the opportunity to set out a fair termination or revision of a climate-impacted treaty. I trace the evolution of rebus as a stabilizing doctrine and illustrate the potentialities of its application to the climate crisis.
A Question of Value: On the Legality of Using Kyoto Protocol Units under the Paris Agreement
Authors: Rossati David
Published: November 2021

The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol generated about 4.3 billion Assigned Amount Units (aaus) and about 180 million Certified Emission Reductions (cers) for carry-over by Annex i states and potential use as ‘overachievements’ or offsets to discount emissions under ndcs. The second commitment period may generate additional carry-over units, and there is an estimated ‘dormant’ amount of about 4.6 billion cers that could be issued from ongoing cdm projects. To rely on these units risks upsetting the process of trust-building necessary to increase ambition under the Paris Agreement. This article questions the legality of carry-overs but finds that a textual interpretation of the current legal framework under both treaties leaves the matter unresolved. With a more refined legal interpretation, based on the principles of environmental integrity and sound accounting under the Paris Agreement, the article re-evaluates aaus and cers under the Agreement, by relying on insights from a social theory of value and the critical studies literature on the political economy of carbon markets. The conclusion is that aaus cannot be used under the ndc accounting framework, as their formal value of 1 Mt CO2 eq. under the Kyoto Protocol is considerably diminished under the Agreement. As for cers, their value depends on different social realities related to their issuance. States or the cma should adopt transparent criteria to select the cers that are worth transitioning pursuant to the Article 6.4 mechanism. The same conceptual framework of value-attribution can also inform the design and operation of the Article 6 mechanisms and their units in order to attain higher environmental integrity and sound accounting for ndcs.
Utilizing Systems Theory Insights and Reflexive Law to Negotiate the “Collision between… Un-connecting Worlds” in Family Law
Authors: Cummings Tristan
Published: November 2021

This article defends an analytical framework based on systems theory, reflexive law, and Teubner’s regulatory trilemma. J v B exemplifies the numerous overlapping social relations, and forms a case study on the relationship between the State, community, and minority religious individuals, and on how this relationship can break down from the systems theoretical perspective. The article uses this case as a testing ground for a modified systems theoretical approach, treating this conflict between family law and religion as a regulatory problem. Although it centers on English family law, the article should be read as a piece of normative legal theory of general application. In the final section, it explores reflexive secularity and how this may apply in cases where law and religion interact, such as J v B.
New records for associations between peritrich protozoan ciliates (Ciliophora, Sessilida) and polychaete worms (Annelida) from off the southeastern coast of India
Authors: BHARATHIDASAN VEERAIYAN , SARATHY PALANIVEL PARTHA , MURUGESAN PERUMAL , DE MATOS NOGUEIRA JOÃO MIGUEL
Published: November 2021

We report herein three epibiotic associations between peritrich ciliate protozoans and polychaete worms, as observed in Tamilnadu, southeastern coast of India. Epibiont ciliates Epistylis sp.1 were found all over the integument of individuals of the terebellid polychaete Terebella sp., collected from Vellar estuary. Epistylis sp.2 ciliates were observed attached to Namalycastis abiuma polychaetes, on both sides of parapodia. Cothurnia sp. ciliates were found on anterior most paleae and hooks of Sabellaria sp. polychaetes, both latter associations from material from the Uppanar estuary. Those epibiont/basibiont associations are all new to science and discussed herein, together with a review on the previous reports of epibiont ciliate protozoans in Indian waters.
Four new species of Pilargidae (Annelida: Pilarginae) from the Gulf of Thailand
Authors: PLATHONG JINTANA , DEAN HARLAN K. , PLATHONG SAKANAN
Published: November 2021

Four new species belonging to the Family Pilargidae, Ancistrosyllis kornkanokae sp. nov., A. nakkaritae sp. nov., Cabira saithipae sp. nov., and C. thailandica sp. nov. were collected from 9–27 m depth in soft sediments in the Songkhla Sea, Gulf of Thailand. Ancistrosyllis kornkanokae sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the presence of a small median antenna on the prostomium; two pairs of elongate tentacular cirri; and short limbate neurochaetae with unidentate curved pointed tips. Ancistrosyllis nakkaritae sp. nov. is characterized by having a conspicuous median antenna and elongate lateral antennae longer than palps; and short limbate neurochaetae with bifid tips. While Cabira saithipae sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of the first notopodial hook at chaetiger eight, large, conical papillae ont chaetigers 7–17 and the presence of both short, recurved tipped and short, curved tip chaetae in anterior chaetigers. Cabira thailandica sp. nov. is distinguished from other species in the genus by the first notopodial hooks occurring at chaetiger seven and the presence of long, non-limbate capillary neurochaetae with bidentate tips. Updated keys to the genera Ancistrosyllis and Cabira are also provided.
Pelagic amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) in western Mexico. 6. Superfamily Vibilioidea. Families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae
Authors: GASCA REBECA , HENDRICKX MICHEL E.
Published: November 2021

Ten species belonging to the families Paraphronimidae and Vibiliidae were collected during a deep-water survey off western Mexico: two species of Paraphronima and eight species of Vibilia. This represents about 40% of all known species of these two genera world-wide. A total of 419 males and 607 females were obtained in 39 samples from localities in the Gulf of California (33) and off southwestern Mexico (6). Vibilia armata was by far the most frequently (32 localities) and most abundantly (687 specimens, 67% of the total) collected species, followed by V. longicarpus (231 specimens in nine localities) and P. crassipes (35 specimens in 9 localities). Co-ocurrence of species of Vibilioidea in our samples was very low, with maxima of seven and five species collected in the same sample, once each. Considering previous records, a total of 16 species of Vibilioidea (almost 70% of all known species) have now been reported from western Mexico: two species of Paraphronima and 14 species of Vibilia, including V. australis occasionally reported in the area as its junior synonym, V. wolterecki.
New species of Crossodonthina from Mangshan National Nature Reserve (Nanling National Forest Park), China (Collembola: Neanuridae)
Authors: JIANG JI-GANG , WANG QING-YUN
Published: November 2021

Two new species of the genus Crossodonthina (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae: Lobellini) are recorded from Mangshan National Nature Reserve, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province and Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, Guangdong Province, Central-South China. Crossodonthina clavata sp. nov. is characterized by 3+3 uncolored eyes on head; labral chaetotaxy as 0/2, 2; cephalic chaeta O present; cephalic tubercles Dl, L and So fused each other; mandible with 4 basal teeth and five fringed rami; maxilla with two lamellae and each lamella with two apical teeth. Crossodonthina acuminata sp. nov. can be recognized by 3 black eyes per side on head; mandible with 3 basal teeth and 8 rami; all cephalic tubercles independent, chaeta O on tubercle Fr present; cephalic tubercle Di, De on posterior area of head with 2 chaetae each, intermediate between cross and non-cross type chaetotaxy; tubercle De of Th. I with 3(2) chaetae; furcular remnant without chaeta. It is the first record of Neanuridae species from Mangshan National Nature Reserve.
O leksykalnej wariantywności cerkiewnosłowiańskich redakcji psałterzowych ciąg dalszy. Tłumaczenia gr. ἡ συναγωγή, τό συνέδριον i ἡ συστροφή
Authors: Szulc Arleta
Published: November 2021

Further Observations on the Lexical Variety of Church Slavonic Psalter Redactions: Equivalents of the Greek ἡ συναγωγή, τό συνέδριον and ἡ συστροφή This article offers a comparative analysis of (Old) Church Slavonic equivalents of the Greek ἡ συναγωγή (with reference to the semantically concurrent ἡ ἐκκλησία), τό συνέδριον and ἡ συστροφή in successive redactions of the Book of Psalms. The study presents a comparison of the use of these equivalents in quantitative and qualitative terms, taking into account the similarities as well as differences in their uses. It also examines their Hebrew-Greek context in the source texts. The analysis includes illustrative examples of the issues in focus. O leksykalnej wariantywności cerkiewnosłowiańskich redakcji psałterzowych ciąg dalszy. Tłumaczenia gr. ἡ συναγωγή, τό συνέδριον i ἡ συστροφή W artykule przeprowadza się analizę porównawczą użyć (staro‑)cerkiewnosłowiańskich ekwiwalentów greckich ἡ συναγωγή (w nawiązaniu do semantycznie zbieżnego ἡ ἐκκλησία), τό συνέδριον i ἡ συστροφή w reprezentantach sukcesywnych cerkiewnosłowiańskich redakcji Księgi Psalmów. Zestawień dokonuje się pod kątem ilościowym i jakościowym (z uwzględnieniem zarówno różnic, jak i podobieństw). Zwraca się uwagę na ich źródłowy kontekst hebrajsko-grecki. Rozważania uzupełnia się materiałem ilustracyjnym.
Nazewnictwo czarnogórskich klubów piłkarskich
Authors: Fastyn Marcin
Published: November 2021

The Names of Montenegrin Football ClubsThis article analyses the names of the Montenegrin football clubs taking part in the 2019/20 league competitions. The semantic analysis of their names presented in the study indicates that the most popular pattern is the use of a geographical name (the name of a mountain, river, lake, etc.). Other significant patterns are the use of the names of people (including the names of occupations, inhabitants of a particular region, or famous people associated with the region) and the names of abstract relations between people. Some clubs, mostly from the lowest level in the league system, use only an acronym and the name of their town/village. Nazewnictwo czarnogórskich klubów piłkarskichAutor analizuje nazwy czarnogórskich klubów piłkarskich uczestniczących w rozgrywkach sezonu 2019/20. Analiza semantyczna pokazuje, że najbardziej popularnym schematem nazewniczym jest użycie nazwy geograficznej (nazwy gór, rzek, jezior itp.). Inne istotne schematy wykorzystują nazwy ludzi (w tym nazwy zawodów, mieszkańców regionów i sławnych ludzi związanych z regionem), a także nazwy abstrakcyjne relacji międzyludzkich. Niektóre kluby, zwłaszcza z najniższego poziomu rozgrywkowego, używają wyłącznie skrótowca oraz nazwy miejscowości, w której funkcjonują.