bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cradle-to-Gate Life-Cycle Assessment of Laminated Veneer Lumber Production in the United States*
Authors: Bergman Richard D. , Alanya-Rosenbaum Sevda
Published: November 2016

To keep environmental product declarations current, the underlying life-cycle inventory (LCI) data and subsequent life-cycle assessment data for structural wood products must be updated. Primary data collected from the industry for the year 2012 were analyzed using the weighted-average to update LCIs for laminated veneer lumber (LVL) production on a 1-m3 basis in the Southeast (SE) and Pacific Northwest (PNW) regions of the United States. In addition, cradle-to-gate life-cycle impact assessments (LCIAs) were performed to assess the environmental impacts associated with LVL production for both regions. The cradle-to-gate LCIAs included three life-cycle stages: forestry operations, dry veneer production, and LVL production. The LCIs revealed that the dry veneer life-cycle stage dominated overall primary energy consumption for both the SE and the PNW at 6.83 (68.5%) and 6.75 GJ/m3 (75.3%), respectively. Energy consumption at the veneer stage was based primarily on renewable sources, especially wood fuel consumed on-site for thermal energy generation. In contrast, the LVL production stage was dependent mainly on fossil fuels, where the major resources consumed were natural gas and coal. The LCIA results showed that the veneer production stage dominated the majority of the five impact categories investigated with a greater than 50 percent contribution. Yet the LVL production stage had a significant contribution to the ozone depletion impact category, with 92 and 98 percent of total impact, for the SE and the PNW, respectively, coming from resin production used in LVL manufacturing. Overall, the contribution of forestry operations to the resulting impacts was minor.
Summer Houses, Ruin, Demolition and Rehabilitation , Modern Architecture heritage between 1950 and 1960 in Portugal
Authors: Freitas Tiago
Published: November 2016

From the decades 1930/1940 in Portugal, begins the search for a new architectural model of holiday house derived from the chalet.From the late 1950s and according to Ana Tostões[1], begins a widespread acceptance of modern architecture by an elite bourgeoisie which will develop new resorts in Portugal.According to Rui Ramos [2] the urbanization along the beaches from Ofir in the North to Rodízio in the South, reveals this new way of modern living.These houses have resisted as built heritage from the decades of the 1940 till now. Some have not been able to avoid demolition; others are in a state of decay and abandoned ruin. It is urgent to avoid bad interventions that adulterate there main architectural characteristics or even the ruin and consequent demolishing in order of touristic investments of greater value.House Aiola was located in Arrábida, work of unquestionable modern taste, made use of prefabrication systems. The use of new materials, such as plywood and wood panels makes this house an authentic modern laboratory. The internal organization of the house in perfect communion with the outside is very fluid.According to Rui Ramos[3], the house reveals an unconditional adoption of modern, being able to innovate on the constraints imposed on it. The quality of this house and the uniqueness of his work transform this house one of the most radically modern examples built in Portugal, yet virtually unknown and demolished.The José Soares House in Ofir, of architects Cassiano Barbosa and Arménio Losa, was built in the year of 1950.  This unknown work of the modern Portuguese architects is located in the summer resort of Ofir, where other important summer houses were built predominately between the decades of 1940 and 1970. This house experiments the new modern movement concepts as the use of ramps, new materials as fibre cement roofing or the clear distribution of sleeping and living areas in two blocks. At the same time it questions vernacular architecture by the use of apparent granite stone walls, the use of decorative tiles or wooden joinery. Nowadays the house is abandoned for decades and is coming to an advanced state of ruin.Modern Portuguese architecture has to be enlightened as of great value, so that owners and general public get aware of its heritage, before bigger mistakes are made.[1] TOSTÕES, Ana, “Casas de Férias modernas, anos 50 e estilo contemporâneo- A utopia de uma doce vida”, in Jornal de Arquitectos, Nº 196, Lisboa, 2000, Ordem dos Arquitectos, pp. 45-53.[2] RAMOS, Rui Jorge Garcia, A casa: arquitectura e projecto doméstico na primeira metade do século XX português, Porto, FAUP publicações, 2010.[3] Ibidem, pp.512.
Stone Raft: allegory on the spread of European urbanistics in Early Modern times
Authors: Rossa Walter
Published: November 2016

Cities were the foundational cores of Western Civilization and, at least for westerners, civilization is still unthinkable without cities and urban networks. Inevitably cities have been one of the main tools used by Europeans to establish their colonial systems, starting with the first, the Portuguese and Spanish, in Early Modern times. This paper aims to highlight the role of Iberian colonizing processes as vehicles of European city planning culture.There are basically two large urbanistic pattern families for colonial towns: the orthogonal grid known since Ancient Greece, based on square blocks; and the sequences of long and narrow plots, systematically used in Europe since the beginning of the second millennium. The latter is more flexible and topographically more adaptable than the former. Both patterns are present in Europe, but also in the parts of the world that experienced European colonization.The Portuguese conveyed and developed the plot system in the remaining four continents, while the Spanish codified and carried the block one to the New World. That established a distinction that has been dissected for decades. However, when these two modes are regarded from a global perspective, they appear as two complementary and diverse aspects of the spread of European urbanistics rather than an opposition.The allegory taken from José Saramago’s famous novel The Stone Raft aims not only to give us an image of that European transfer of knowledge to the New World, but also to make us think about new research attitudes and goals around that extraordinary and long lasting legacy.
Architectural enhancement project and cultural landscape of Cape Espichel
Authors: Fernandes Fátima
Published: November 2016

Challenging the conventional idea that leads to think that heritage is confined to the historic centre or classified heritage, we consider necessary to extend the concept to all those spaces loaded with values, architectural and landscape qualities necessary to man and future civilizations.A developed society should evaluate the importance of its past, not by the market value or conditions derived by assigned ratings, but for their importance and influence on the quality of space and the harmony of human life and communities. Thereby, it occurs to develop a culture and affirm an idea of transformation and conscious modification of the existing assets, according to their balanced reuse and necessary redefinition of a territory that answers the questions of humanity.Today more than ever, to rehabilitate fundamentally means to recover the lost qualities integrating at the same time those characteristics that are needed for degraded territories to start offering the comfort and beauty conditions necessary for life.Integrating this document in a territory crossed by architecture schools linked to rede PHI, it seems useful to underline the theoretical and practical method that structures the Final Project of ESAP/Escola Superior Artística do Porto, and the research that, since this matrix, we have been developing within the enhancement and rehabilitation of architecture and heritage landscape. It is indeed in this model that relies the architectural enhancement project and cultural landscape of Cape Espichel, which will serve us to express concerns and underline the value of time and memory through the architectural design.
Território, Património e Ideologia – Experiências pedagógicas no ensino de Projeto Final de Arquitetura do ISCTE-IUL
Authors: Pinto Paulo Tormenta
Published: November 2016

Resumo:Este artigo foi realizado no na sequência do encontro da Rede PHI - Património Histórico e cultural Ibero-americano, ocorrido na Universidade de Coimbra, entre 17 e 21 de novembro de 2014. Nessa altura foram apresentadas experiências pedagógicas de várias escolas portuguesas em torno das temáticas do património. Da parte do ISCTE-IUL foram apresentados trabalhos realizados pelos estudantes de Projeto Final de Arquitetura do ano letivo 2012-2013, tendo como área de intervenção a Colina das Amoreiras em Lisboa. O exercício e a pesquisa realizada com os estudantes, permitiram ampliar a noção de património, através do cruzamento com o território e com as ações sobre este sedimentadas ao longo do tempo. AbstractThis article was done following the Red PHI – Historical and Cultural Ibero-american Heritage meeting, happened in Coimbra University between 17th and 21st of November 2014. At that time, Pedagogic experiences about heritage subjects were shared among several architectural Portuguese schools. From ISCTE-IUL were presented works developed by Final Architectural Project's students of the year 2012-2013 that had used Amoreiras Hill in Lisbon, as intervention area. The exercise and the research done with the students, allowed enlarging the heritage notion, crossing this theme with the territory and the sedimented actions above it, over time.
Territories of energy production and landscape heritage. The Coal Basin of Douro
Authors: Ribeiro Daniela Alves
Published: November 2016

Two decades after the introduction of fuel oil in Thermoelectric power Station of Tapada do Outeiro, is closed the last national fuel exploitation. The “assisted dying" of the Pejão Mine happens in 1994. The affirmation of neotechnic will change the energy system based on coal-iron binomial (Mumford, 1992, p.112).As a cumulative capital, the coal quickly becomes more profitable than wood: much more compact, its extraction, transportation, storage and processing goes on to establish itself as a system of territorial organization; the dependence of Porto on coal determines the relevance of the energy system in the transformation of landscape, stretching since social structures to support the Exploration till the infrastructure systems of City.After the dematerialization of the energy source, all this energetic system lost its significance: the articulation element becomes immaterial; it loses the need of a physical support structure. More than the forms of this territorial system, it becomes relevant its representation as a cultural symbol.The heritage paradigms have been mutating; the concept has been re-encoded by different scientific fields. If the monument was understood as the subject of memory and identity, the current condition of heritage focuses on its capacity to represent "values and needs that establish links between the present and the past, thus giving coherence to a changing world" (Choay, 2005,p.9).The process of patrimonialization is often activated before the threat of disappearance, reconnecting-up of the inheritance of view; now, talking about heritage, is referring especially to common goods that are no longer integrated into daily practices, reflecting a clear trend towards the elasticity of their meaning. More than a reflection of our past, the heritage becomes a reflection of the future, (re)inventing itself to not disappear. In this deep identity process, the identity is not the the most important factor, but the collective assimilation of change that is made. Metaphorically, the mourning is transposed to the domain group, founding social relations on a collective memory.Given the functional death of the whole energy system that marked the transformation of the Douro Carboniferous Basin we will discus its assimilation when replacing the logic (infra)structural. In an assisted death process is important to understand how can the inertia produced by energy system in the territory being (re)understood as operating resource (Bel and González, 2009), an heritage closely linked to the territory -but also to landscape- surpassing the prospective of mere crawl.
Praça do Bota Abaixo as a metonymy: urban rehabilition in democracy
Authors: Dias José Cabral
Published: November 2016

In 1944, Etienne de Groër designed the Coimbra Urban Plan. In this context, Avenida Santa Cruz reflects Estado Novo culture when crossing Baixinha with celebratory rhetoric.In 1992, Fernando Távora presented a study in order to attempt a solution concerning demolished blocks.What came to be realized is contradictory. In summary, Praça do Bota-Abaixo is a metonymy regarding complexity of democratic society. This article aims to reflect about the complex and often ineffective processes of urban rehabilitation. We should also talk about this when we talk about built heritage.
Closing the Gap: First Year Success in College Mathematics at an HBCU
Authors: Harrington Melissa A , Lloyd Andrew , Smolinski Tomasz , Shahin Mazen
Published: November 2016

At our Historically-Black University, about 89% of first-year students place into developmental mathematics, negatively impacting retention and degree completion. In 2012, an NSF-funded learning enrichment project began offering the introductory and developmental mathematics courses on-line over the summer to incoming science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) majors at no cost. Passing rates for the summer on-line classes were around 80%, and students in the on-line classes scored equivalently on the common departmental final exams as students taking the classes in the traditional format. For students who passed the on-line classes, their performance in the following classes (College Algebra and Trigonometry) exceeded that of students who progressed to those courses by taking the traditional series of in-person courses. Three years of data show that students who started college with an on-line mathematics course in a summer bridge program had a higher first year GPA, a better first year retention rate and earned significantly more credits in their first year than the overall population of STEM students. These results suggest that offering introductory mathematics courses on-line as part of a freshman bridge program is an effective, scalable intervention to increase the academic success of students who enter college under-prepared in mathematics. The positive results are particularly exciting since the students in our project were 87% minority.
Evaluation of Parallel Authentic Research-Based Courses in Human Biology on Student Experiences at Stanford University and the University of Gothenburg
Authors: Lindh Jacob , Annerstedt Claes , Besier Thor , Matheson Gordon O , Rydmark Martin
Published: November 2016

Abstract: Under a previous grant (2005-08), researchers and teachers at Stanford University (SU) and the University of Gothenburg (GU) co-designed a ten-week interdisciplinary, research-based laboratory course in human biology to be taught online to undergraduate students. Essentials in the subject were taught during the first four weeks of this course. Subsequently, student groups at SU and GU developed their own research questions, conducted live-streamed experiments remotely, processed their unique data with support from multiple interactive resources, cross-cultural collaboration and an interdisciplinary network of expert consultants, and presented original scientific results remotely. Student course-perceptions were evaluated using online questionnaires, scientific logbooks, and observations. In student teams from both universities, the course concept clearly improved student abilities to conduct research using laboratory experiments while learning theoretical basics. A comparison of pre and post course scores from student surveys showed that post course student comfort levels with several research-related tasks increased radically at both universities. All participating staff generally agreed that the methods and tools were valuable in this type of course and should be evaluated at other levels and areas of higher education, and shared in an expanded network of universities.
SoTL Evidence on Promotion and Tenure Vitas at a Research University
Authors: Marcketti Sara B. , Freeman Steven A.
Published: November 2016

The development and adoption of promotion and tenure (P&T) policies supporting scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) activities began in earnest at our large, Midwestern, land-grant university, over fifteen years ago. The purpose of this research was to present the results of a five year project collecting and analyzing the evidence of SoTL on P&T vitas. Every occurrence of SoTL in peer-reviewed publications, presentations, and funded external and internal grants was counted. Of the 343 successful cases, there were 201 to associate professor and 142 to professor. Of these cases, 48% (n=163) had at least one SoTL artifact included on their vitas. These results suggest SoTL is a meaningful form of scholarship performed by faculty, however, there is additional cultural change necessary for greater integration of SoTL in faculty work.
The Infinite Rounds of the Stubborn: Reparative Futures at a French Political Protest
Authors: Thorkelson Eli
Published: November 2016

When social actors find themselves at an impasse, perceiving their futures as threatened, how can they respond? If their futures can get broken or interrupted, can they subsequently be reconnected or repaired? If yes, how? Here, I consider an ethnographic case of reconnected futurity drawn from French protest politics: the 2009–2010 Ronde Infinie des Obstinés, or “Infinite Rounds of the Stubborn.” Opposing Sarkozy-era neoliberal university reforms, the Ronde sought to instrumentalize its temporal and political impasse, shifting its relation to the future out from the register of subjectivity and into the register of ritual motion. By situating the Ronde within the fabric of Parisian political space, I show how it synthesized the politics of occupation with the politics of marching, hopelessness with stubborn endurance, the negation of state temporality with the prefiguration of an alternative future. I conclude by reflecting on the place of temporal repair in relation to recent forms of prefigurative radicalism.
Preschool children's verbal problem solving skills and the types of verbal problems that teachers present to children
Authors: Sarıbaş Şule , Aktaş Arnas Yaşare
Published: November 2016

This research aims to investigate the verbal problem solving skills of preschool children in mathematics according to the type of problem and the type of unknown in the problem; and to determine the perspectives of the teachers about the implementation process of these problems. The mix method was used in this study. The sample consisted of 50 preschool children and 6 preschool teachers of these children. In the research, the data were collected by using a problem solving test and a semi-structured interview form. The data were obtained via individual interviews with children and teachers. According to the results of the research, it was concluded that in all type of problems the children were found to be more successful at separation, joining, part- whole problem types than comparison problem types. It was concluded that it was easier for children to answer the problems with ending unknown than the problems with initial unknown and change unknown. In the result of the interviews with teachers, it was revealed that most of the teachers did not use comparison problem type and the problems with initial unknown. It was determined that most of the teachers were not aware of all types of problems.
Giant Renal Cyst Mimicking Ascites on Abdominal Ultrasonography
Authors: Borovec Martin , Solař Miroslav , Ceral Jiří , Michl Antonín
Published: November 2016

An article describes diagnostic difficulties in patient with giant renal cyst, erroneously diagnosed as ascites on ultrasonographic examination. Patient was initially suspected to have disseminated intraabdominal malignancy. Abdominal paracentesis of supposed ascites was performed. The diagnosis of giant renal cyst was finally made by CT and patient was treated surgically. The limitations of ultrasonographic examination are pointed out are and a brief review of similar cases is given.
Higher Education Teachers’ Experiences with Learning Analytics in Relation to Student Retention
Authors: West Deborah , Huijser Henk , Heath David , Lizzio Alf , Toohey Danny , Miles Carol , Searle Bill , Bronnimann Jurg
Published: November 2016

This paper presents findings from a study of Australian and New Zealand academics (n = 276) that teach tertiary education students. The study aimed to explore participants’ early experiences of learning analytics in a higher education milieu in which data analytics is gaining increasing prominence. Broadly speaking participants were asked about: (1) Their teaching context, (2) Their current student retention activities, (3) Their involvement in, and aspirations for, learning analytics use, (4) Their relationship with their institution around learning analytics. The sampled teaching staff broadly indicated a high level of interest but limited level of substantive involvement in learning analytics projects and capacity building activities. Overall, the intention is to present a critical set of voices that assist in identifying and understanding key issues and draw connections to the broader work being done in the field.
Robotergestütztes System für ein verbessertes neuromuskuläres Aufbautraining der Beinstrecker
Authors: Kolditz Melanie , Albin Thivaharan , Brüggemann Gert-Peter , Abel Dirk , Albracht Kirsten
Published: November 2016

Neuromuskuläres Aufbautraining der Beinstrecker ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der Rehabilitation und Prävention von
Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen. Effektives Training erfordert hohe Muskelkräfte, die gleichzeitig hohe Belastungen von
bereits geschädigten Strukturen bedeuten. Um trainingsinduzierte Schädigungen zu vermeiden, müssen diese Kräfte
kontrolliert werden. Mit heutigen Trainingsgeräten können diese Ziele allerdings nicht erreicht werden. Für ein sicheres
und effektives Training sollen durch den Einsatz der Robotik, Sensorik, eines Regelkreises sowie Muskel-Skelett-Modellen
Belastungen am Zielgewebe direkt berechnet und kontrolliert werden. Auf Basis zweier Vorstudien zu möglichen Stellgrößen
wird der Aufbau eines robotischen Systems vorgestellt, das sowohl für Forschungszwecke als auch zur Entwicklung neuartiger
Trainingsgeräte verwendet werden kann.
Blutgasregelung in low-flow-Anwendungen, speziell während normothermer ex-vivo Nierenperfusion
Authors: Gransow Marian , Kromnik Susanne , Tetschke Florian , Janssen Martin , Thiele Christine , Malberg Hagen
Published: November 2016

Normotherme ex-vivo Nierenperfusion ist eine vielversprechende Technik zur Erhaltung und Bewertung der Vitalität und
Viabilität von Organen. Die automatisierte Mehrgrößenregelung des Prozesses erhöht die Betriebssicherheit und erleichtert
die Bedienung. Für die beteiligte Regelung von arteriellem Sauerstoff- und Kohlendioxidpartialdruck sind in dieser Arbeit
zwei Regelungsstrategien anwendungsorientiert umgesetzt und in Simulationen, sowie im echten Prozess validiert worden. Die
Ergebnisse wurden im Kontext bekannter Regelungsstrategien diskutiert.
Third addendum to the synoptic review of red algal genera
Authors: Wynne Michael J. , Schneider Craig W.
Published: November 2016

A third addendum to Schneider and Wynne’s (2007) “A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half century after Kylin’s 1956
Quality control materials for pharmacogenomic testing in the clinic
Authors: Lin Guigao , Zhang Kuo , Han Yanxi , Li Jinming
Published: November 2016

Pharmacogenomics has significantly added to our understanding of drug responses in clinical pharmacology, changing the paradigm of treatment decisions. Interrogations of both inherited and somatic variations for therapeutic purposes are increasingly being adopted in clinics, where quality control (QC) materials are required. However, for many pharmacogenomic tests, the acquisition of well-characterized QC materials is often difficult or impossible. In this review, several sources of appropriate QC materials for therapy-associated genetic testing are discussed. Among them, the novel methods for producing renewable controls that resemble patient samples are highlighted. Owing to technological complexity, more efforts are needed to develop proper controls for next-generation sequencing-based assay.
Synthesis and characterization of thermosensitive and polarity-sensitive fluorescent PNIPAM-coated gold nanoparticles
Authors: Luo Chunhua , Qian Meijuan , Dong Qiujing
Published: November 2016

Thermosensitive PNIPAM-coated Au nanoparticles (AuNPs@P(NIPAM-co-MADMAC)) were synthesized by the radical “grafting through” copolymerization of 4-methacryloyloxy-4′-dimethylaminochalcone (MADMAC), MAEL-capped AuNPs and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. AuNPs@P(NIPAM-co-MADMAC) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. AuNPs@P(NIPAM-co-MADMAC) exhibited thermo-sensitivity from poly(NIPAM-co-MADMAC) chains and sensitive fluorescence from the MADMAC group. AuNPs@P(NIPAM-co-MADMAC) showed weak fluorescence after the temperature increased from 25°C to 45°C, or after β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was added. Furthermore, it exhibited strong fluorescence when the solvent was changed to ethanol or chloroform.
Mechanical properties of norbornene-based silane treated glass fiber reinforced polydicyclopentadiene composites manufactured by the S-RIM process
Authors: Yoo Hyeong Min , Kwon Dong-Jun , Park Joung-Man , Yum Sang Hyuk , Lee Woo Il
Published: November 2016

A lab scale structural reaction injection molding (S-RIM) piece of equipment was designed and used to fabricate glass fiber reinforced polydicyclopentadiene (p-DCPD) composites for three different fiber contents. In order to obtain information regarding the optimal process temperature (>80°C) and the curing time (<30 s), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the curing behavior of DCPD resin under isothermal conditions. Further, a norbornene-based silane treatment was used to improve the interfacial adhesion between the glass fibers and DCPD as confirmed by the micro-droplet pull-out test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fabrication of glass fiber/p-DCPD composites with improved mechanical properties was carried out based on the optimized process conditions and surface treatment of glass fiber.
Hypoxia-induced microRNA-146a represses Bcl-2 through Traf6/IRAK1 but not Smad4 to promote chondrocyte autophagy
Authors: Chen Guanghui , Gao Xin , Wang Jing , Yang Cheng , Wang Yang , Liu Yonggang , Zou Weiwei , Liu Tielong
Published: November 2016

It has been shown that hypoxia stimulation promotes chondrocytes autophagy partly through HIF-1α, miR-146a and Bcl-2 progressively, and this mechanism represented the connection among hypoxia, miR-146a and autophagy, and provides a possible therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis. However, the interaction between miR-146a and Bcl-2 is still unclear. Here in a hypoxic environment, we quantified the three reported miR-146a targets: two inflammation related targets Traf6, IRAK1; and the only reported target in chondrocytes Smad4. We confirmed the regulative function of miR-146a between hypoxia and these genes, and explored the Bcl-2 expression and autophagy level under extrinsic up-regulation of these three gene separately. All the three genes were down-regulated by hypoxia. Surprisingly, Traf6 and IRAK, but not the unique Smad4 in chondrocytes, were restored by antagomiR-146a. Both Ad-Traf6 and Ad-IRAK1 reinstated hypoxia or miR-146a repressed Bcl-2. However, Ad-Smad4 did not affect Bcl-2 in hypoxia or normoxia. The autophagy level showed a reverse variability compared to Bcl-2. Taken together, our results provided evidence that Smad4, the unique reported target for miR-146a in chondrocytes is unusually not involved in the chondrocytes autophagy, while the Traf6 and IRAK1 are the new targets for miR-146a in chondrocytes during autophagy.
Interprofessional cooperation by midwives in the field of out-of-hospital obstetrical care: an integrative review / Interprofessionelle Kooperation von Hebammen im Handlungsfeld der ambulanten geburtshilflichen Versorgung: ein integratives Review
Authors: Schlüter-Cruse Martina , Schnepp Wilfried , Sayn-Wittgenstein Friederike zu
Published: November 2016

The central objective of early prevention in Germany is an improved cooperation between professional groups of the health services and child and youth welfare in interprofessional networks. This objective derives from the realisation that proper care for families with infants can only be achieved if the various groups act in close integration. The ‘Federal Initiative early prevention’ explicitly calls for freelance midwives to be integrated in this context. However, only a few scientific findings on midwives’ cooperation in networks of early prevention have been published to date. This integrative review aims to identify the central themes of interprofessional cooperation of midwives in out-of-hospital obstetrical care from national and international research literature.

A systematic search of five research databases for publications between 2005 and 2015 was performed, complemented by a manual search.

25 studies were identified describing various contexts where midwives in out-of-hospital obstetrical care cooperate with other professional groups. Four key themes were analysed: contexts of cooperation, benefits of cooperation, facilitating and restrictive factors of cooperation, and competencies of cooperation. The studies show that there is only limited research coverage of the midwives’ perspective regarding interprofessional cooperation. The existing studies examine the cooperation of midwives primarily with health care professionals, and secondarily with professionals in the social services.

In order to expand knowledge on the cooperation of freelance midwives in the networks of early prevention, future research should focus on the perspective of midwives regarding cooperation with other professional groups, both in the health care sector and in the field of social services.
Hybrid Weighted K-Means Clustering and Artificial Neural Network for an Anomaly-Based Network Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Samrin Rafath , Vasumathi Devara
Published: November 2016

Despite the rapid developments in data technology, intruders are among the most revealed threats to security. Network intrusion detection systems are now a typical constituent of network security structures. In this paper, we present a combined weighted K-means clustering algorithm with artificial neural network (WKMC+ANN)-based intrusion identification scheme. This paper comprises two modules: clustering and intrusion detection. The input dataset is gathered into clusters with the usage of WKMC in clustering module. In the intrusion detection module, the clustered information is trained with the utilization of ANN and its structure is stored. In the testing process, the data are tested by choosing the most suitable ANN classifier, which corresponds to the closest cluster to the test data, according to distance or similarity measures. For experimental evaluation, we used the benchmark database, and the results clearly demonstrated that the proposed technique outperformed the existing technique by having better accuracy.
Motherhood in the Islamic Tradition Rethinking the Procreative Function of Women in Islam
Authors: Badissy Maha
Published: November 2016

This paper focuses on the reproductive function of women from an Islamic religious perspective. It aims to depict motherhood as it is imaged in some verses of the Qur’an with the objective of understanding how the Islamic Tradition positions the feminine with regards to maternity. Motherhood is not all a bundle of joy and the Qur’an clearly acknowledges that pregnancy, as well as childbirth, are painful events that mothers live with much difficulty; meanwhile, some verses portray maternity as an act of deep spirituality, mingled with an intellectual awareness of the role to be undertaken and much feelings. Through a thorough study of some verses of the Qur’an, I will undertake a deep literary analysis with the objective of outlining maternity from an Islamic perspective. The objective is to answer one major question at the core of the feminist debate: is motherhood an acknowledged only a biological destiny that is incumbent on women as a duty meant for the species’ survival and therefore rather a burden hindering women’s full engagement as productive agents in society or contribution by women and thus a feminine particularity to defend.
Toxicity assessment of nanoparticles in various systems and organs
Authors: Yang Yuan , Qin Zhen , Zeng Wei , Yang Ting , Cao Yubin , Mei Chaorong , Kuang Yu
Published: November 2016

In the past decades, much attention has been paid to toxicity assessment of nanoparticles prior to clinical and biological applications. Whilein vitrostudies have been increasing constantly,in vivostudies of nanoparticles have not established a unified system until now. Predictive models and validated standard methods are imperative. This review summarizes the current progress in approaches assessing nanotoxicity in main systems, including the hepatic and renal, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems. Histopathological studies and specific functional examinations in each system are elucidated. Related injury mechanisms are also discussed.
Citizen science and international collaboration through environmental monitoring with simple chemical sensors
Authors: Mahaffy Peter G. , Martin Brian , Ooms Kristopher J. , Tappenden Andrew F. , Oliver Mckenzie , Hislop-Hook Rachel , Forman Jonathan E. , Mans Ulrich , Sabou John
Published: November 2016

Building capacity for carrying out and understanding responsible science that is relevant to local challenges is a key ingredient in the OPCW’s strategy for achieving and maintaining a world free of chemical weapons. Two important contexts for building that capacity for responsible science are (1) the global attention being drawn to the rapidly increasing human chemical footprint on our planet and (2) the pervasive use of digital technologies. We describe an effort coordinated by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to build capacity among young people around the world to harness the power of small mobile chemical sensors to develop data literacy in complex chemical analysis based on measuring analytes that are relevant to their lives and local contexts. This new type of data literacy is an emergent element in educational programs and is key to developing the capacity for decision-making on chemical measurement data. The project brings together student and faculty collaborators from the fields of chemistry, social sciences and informatics, to provide proof of concept in four areas that support the overall goal of building a collective effort for scientific analysis; the development of low cost environmental sensors for air and water samples; the collection of representative test data sets on priority contaminants; the assessment and visualization of data; and education about the effect of priority pollutants on human and environmental health. We report on the project goals and preliminary steps taken to achieve them.
Education and engagement: key elements to achieve and maintain a world free of chemical weapons
Authors: Suárez Alejandra G.
Published: November 2016

Education and outreach are long term strategic tools for the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) that actively promote the peaceful use of chemistry. Thousands of new chemicals are reported every day; which can render enormous benefits for the common good. However, as with any science, there is always the possibility that chemistry may be misused as it has been done in the past. This work will refer to preliminary initiatives undertaken to address awareness-raising about the multiple uses of chemical substances and the potential dual -use of scientific knowledge which are being implemented in different levels of chemistry education and public outreach programs. The OPCW has placed a priority on education and engagement with the development of tools and materials relevant to the Convention; we will describe these tools and the regional and national meetings that were organized to highlight the incorporation of the CWC’s issues into the chemical curricula in South America. The paper will give special consideration to The Hague Ethical Guidelines, another initiative to support a culture of responsibility in the chemical sciences and to guard against the misuse of chemistry. These guidelines were recently formulated by an international group of chemistry practitioners and serve as a set of elements to engage scientists in the ethical dimensions of their work. Education and outreach to future generations to promote the peaceful uses of chemistry is an essential part of achieving the goal of a world free of chemical weapons.
Removal of triazine-based herbicides on specific polymeric sorbent: fixed bed column studies
Authors: Ronka Sylwia
Published: November 2016

The porous material containing carboxyl groups was investigated in fixed bed system for the triazine-based herbicides removal from aqueous solution. In order to obtain adsorbent capable of generating specific interactions with triazines, the poly(divinylbenzene) was synthesized in radical suspension polymerization and then was modified with maleic anhydride in Diels-Alder reaction with subsequent base hydrolysis. The introduction of carboxyl groups into polymer structure resulted in obtaining specific interactions, such as hydrogen bonds between modified poly(divinylbenzene) and triazines, therefore the selectivity and the high adsorption capacity towards terbuthylazine, propazine, atrazine and simazine was observed. The total and usable adsorptive capacities, the breakthrough and exhaustion times, the coefficients of sphericity of isoplanes, the heights of adsorption fronts and the mass exchange moving rates were calculated based on the analysis of the breakthrough curves. Results show that the best sorption parameters in dynamic conditions were achieved for terbuthylazine and propazine. For them the highest values of adsorptive capacities, the smallest heights of mass transfer fronts and their slow movement along the bed height were obtained. The use of ethanol for herbicides elution provided a high recovery degree of adsorbed substances. Reusability of investigated polymer bed was studied in three adsorption/desorption cycles.
An Unexpensive Self-Produced Trap for Entomological Monitoring in Libraries and Archives
Authors: Fizialetti Giorgia , Filippucci Maria Grazia
Published: November 2016

We present here a self-made trap we designed for monitoring the presence of insects responsible of biodeterioration in a library in the center of Rome (Biblioteca Angelica). The trap was very effective in capturing all types of crawling insects. The trap, made from a transparent plastic layer, allowed the microscopic observation of animal body from both sides with no need of removing the specimen from the entomological scotch on it. Besides, this small transparent trap has a minimal visual impact within the halls of libraries and museums without diminishing its effectiveness and it is easy to place even within cabinets. We therefore recommend the use of this trap, simple and unexpensive to prepare, in libraries, archives, museum and any other conservative environment for monitoring the presence of insects and to contain the size of their populations.
Experimental spinal cord trauma: a review of mechanically induced spinal cord injury in rat models
Authors: Abdullahi Dauda , Annuar Azlina Ahmad , Mohamad Masro , Aziz Izzuddin , Sanusi Junedah
Published: November 2016

It has been shown that animal spinal cord compression (using methods such as clips, balloons, spinal cord strapping, or calibrated forceps) mimics the persistent spinal canal occlusion that is common in human spinal cord injury (SCI). These methods can be used to investigate the effects of compression or to know the optimal timing of decompression (as duration of compression can affect the outcome of pathology) in acute SCI. Compression models involve prolonged cord compression and are distinct from contusion models, which apply only transient force to inflict an acute injury to the spinal cord. While the use of forceps to compress the spinal cord is a common choice due to it being inexpensive, it has not been critically assessed against the other methods to determine whether it is the best method to use. To date, there is no available review specifically focused on the current compression methods of inducing SCI in rats; thus, we performed a systematic and comprehensive publication search to identify studies on experimental spinalization in rat models, and this review discusses the advantages and limitations of each method.
Wading through black jade in Marianne Moore’s sunken cathedral: The modernist sea poem as a Deleuzian fold
Authors: Ambroży Paulina
Published: November 2016

The study is a close reading of Moore’s poem “The Fish” (1918) through the conceptual lens of Gilles Deleuze’s trope of the fold, as explained in his influential 1988 study of Leibniz, The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque. The purpose is to explore Moore’s (neo)baroque sensibility and her peculiar penchant for Baroque tropes, images and forms. The Deleuzian concept of the fold, with its rich epistemological implications and broad cultural applicability as the universal trope of crisis, change, unrest and transience, helps to comprehend Moore’s own philosophical and aesthetic concerns. The study, in accord with the interdiscursive character of the contemporary studies of modernism draws from art history, philosophy, theory, literature, and visual arts, to uncover a strong Baroque undercurrent in the poet’s polyphonic imagination. Seen in the light of Deleuze’s fold, Moore’s poem emerges as a quasi-Baroque ruin, a sunken cathedral-cum-graveyard, with a theatrical chiaroscuro lighting and folding and unfolding of sense, which both shelters and entombs the severely wounded modernist soul.
Curviflorside and curviflorin, new naphthalene glycoside and flavanol from Plicosepalus curviflorus
Authors: Al Musayeib Nawal M. , Ibrahim Sabrin R.M. , Amina Musarat , Al Hamoud Gadah A. , Mohamed Gamal A.
Published: November 2016

The naphthalene glycosidecurviflorside [1,5-dihydroxy-8-methoxynaphthalene-2-O-β-D-xylopyranoside] (3) and the flavanol curviflorin [(+)-catechin-7-O-3″,4″-dihydroxybenzoate] (4), along with two known flavonoids: (+)-catechin (1) and quercetin (2) were isolated from the shoots of Plicosepalu scurviflorus Benth. (Loranthaceae) growing in Saudi Arabia and the chemical structures were elucidated by 2D-NMR spectroscopy.
Mapping Tartaros: Observation, Inference, and Belief in Ancient Greek and Roman Accounts of Karst Terrain
Authors: Connors Catherine , Clendenon Cindy
Published: November 2016

This interdisciplinary article argues that ancient Greek and Roman representations of Okeanos, Tartaros, and the underworld demonstrate an observational awareness of the hollow underground spaces that characterize the geomorphology of karst terrains in the Mediterranean world. We review the scientific facts that underlie Greek and Roman accounts of karstic terrain in observation-based discourse and in myths, and we demonstrate that the Greek words barathron (pit), limnē (lake), koilos (hollow), and dinē (whirling current) are used with precision in observational accounts of karst terrain. Ancient accounts of the dynamic limnē and barathrum systems characteristic of much karst terrain offer a complex matrix of observation-based and belief-based discourse: at the edge of the barathrum, the imaginative or spiritual realm of the underworld has a material plausibility and the closely observed material world has a plausible potential to connect to a world we cannot see.
Reflections on Durational Art
Authors: Bao Weihong , Brizuela Natalia , deSouza Allan , Guerlac Suzanne , Kwan SanSan , Lenssen Anneka , Marino Angela , Skoller Jeffrey , Wong Winnie
Published: November 2016

These short reflections, from UC Berkeley faculty in a variety of disciplines, respond to the following question: “What does the phrase ‘time-based art’ mean to you? What are the central stakes, conventions, challenges, and opportunities of durational art in the contexts in which you work?” Collectively, they probe a wide range of practices and contexts, including, for example, Mexican festivals and midwestern American carnivals, Syrian documentary films and the “image-event,” bystander recordings of US police and state harassment of black men, and the photographic interventions of the Colombian artist Oscar Muñoz. The respondents are Weihong Bao, Natalia Brizuela, Allan deSouza, Suzanne Guerlac, SanSan Kwan, Anneka Lenssen, Angela Marino, Jeffrey Skoller, and Winnie Wong.
What Happened; or, Finishing Live
Authors: Schneider Rebecca
Published: November 2016

What happens to live performance over time? Can it develop a patina, as claimed by at least one major art curator? Are intervals between or among performances part of a work itself, like skin or film that grows in the cracks of a work? Or is performance itself a kind of patination process? In short, can liveness be finished?
The 150-Year War
Authors: Black Olivia Williams
Published: November 2016

In the century and a half since 1865, Fort Sumter and its home city have been the battlefield for another conflict, a struggle to control the memory—and the meaning—of the Civil War. Fort Sumter provides a telling case study in how the National Park Service has helped to shape the historical narratives of its sites, and how it participates in debates over the meaning of events. During both the centennial of the war (1961–65) and the sesquicentennial (2011–15), Charleston was the site of elaborate ceremonies that dramatized evolving interpretations of the conflict.
Operation Overview and the Creation of Piscataway Park
Authors: Sprinkle John H.
Published: November 2016

During the post–World War II period, a combination of individuals and institutions worked together to secure the permanent stewardship of the vista visible across the Potomac River from George Washington’s Mount Vernon plantation. Called “Operation Overview,” the campaign resulted in the creation of the only unit of the National Park System designed to protect the viewshed from a historic property. The establishment of Piscataway Park required cooperation, creativity, and compromise among those parties interested in stabilizing the setting of the iconic view from Washington’s home.
Bimodal skin progenitors—a matter of place and time
Authors: Ulyanchenko Svetlana , Jensen Kim B
Published: November 2016

The skin carries out specialist functions such as barrier formation and thermoregulation. The mode of cellular replenishment of the surface epithelium that forms the outermost layer during steady‐state homeostasis is a subject of intensive investigations. A detailed analysis of the interfollicular epidermis reported in this issue of The EMBO Journal (Roy et al, ) reveals that hair follicles in their growth phase influence cellular behaviour of epithelial cells in their immediate proximity.