bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning into HEAT: Thermoceptive enskilment and insecurity
Authors: Osbourne Alana
Published: December 2023

In this article, I address how discernments of alterity as insecurity are intimately connected to bodily perceptions and cultural elaborations of heat. Focusing on the interplay of temperature and danger, I look at the role of thermoception—as sensation, as ambient quality, as idiom, and as technology—in experiences and retellings of (in)security. These are themes I explore in relation to and beyond Hostile Environment Awareness Training (HEAT), an intensive practical course that prepares expats, journalists, NGO workers, and other professionals for their travels to areas deemed unsafe. In the course, participants are taught to tap into their embodied sensations and to acquire the sensory skills to identify, avoid, and mitigate danger. Using hotness as gateway into the relation between sensory enskilment and security, this article contributes to literature concerned with the somatechnics of difference: the learnt corporeal, atmospheric, and immaterial forces that structure how we articulate Otherness and/as danger. In so doing, it unpacks how the senses, and thermoception more specifically, contribute to the production and governance of landscapes of insecurity.
Factors associated with decision regret after bariatric surgery
Authors: Dijkhorst Phillip J. , Nijland Leontien M. G. , van Veen Ruben N. , de Castro Steve M. M.
Published: December 2023

It is assumed that the individuals who undergo bariatric surgery will experience significant improvements in their health and overall well‐being. However, it is yet to be examined whether these individuals may also experience subsequent decision regret. The level of regret regarding the choice to undergo bariatric surgery was assessed 1 year after bariatric surgery using the Decision Regret Scale (DRS). Associations of regret with patient characteristics, complications, weight loss and quality of life (BODY‐Q) were investigated using linear regression analyses. In total, 115 patients completed the DRS (92% underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and 8% underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG)). Two out of 115 patients indicated absolute regret about their decision to undergo bariatric surgery because of insufficient weight loss and complications. The median decision regret score was zero (range 0–80). Most patients experienced no decision regret (50.4%), followed by mild regret (34.8%) and moderate to strong regret (14.8%). Higher levels of regret were associated with having osteo‐articular disorders, gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease or a history of psychiatric disorders at baseline. Patients with mild regret demonstrated significantly more weight loss and better psychological function. Major surgical complications were not associated with increased decision regret. Only two out of 115 patients (1.7%) indicated absolute regret about their decision to undergo bariatric surgery, and 15% reported moderate‐to‐strong regret according to the results of the DRS. These findings should be considered when providing pre‐operative counselling and could assist patients in their decision‐making process.
The role of microcomedones in acne: Moving from a description to treatment target?
Authors: Xie Li , Hamblin Michael R , Zheng DanLing , Wen Xiang
Published: December 2023

A major factor in the pathogenesis of acne is ductal hyperproliferation in the pilosebaceous glands. This takes the form of invisible microcomedones and leads to the subsequent formation of both inflammatory and non‐inflammatory clinical lesions. Microcomedones are the initial stage in the cyclical development of acne, so called comedogenesis. Microcomedones can be detected using cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping, electron microscopy, reflection confocal microscopy and other techniques. It has been proposed that the density and the size of microcomedones are positively correlated with acne severity. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the root causes of acne, and suggest that treatment of microcomedones could, at least in part, resolve acne lesions and prevent relapse.
Retail ETF investing
Authors: Gempesaw David , Henry Joseph J. , Xiao Han
Published: December 2023

Using marketable order flow data, we analyze key characteristics of aggregate retail exchange‐traded fund (ETF) investing from 2010 to 2021, including allocations, holding period and investment performance. Retail traders allocate 12% more dollar volume to leveraged and inverse ETFs versus nonretail traders. Retail ETF trades distinctly increase with prior ETF returns, in contrast to contrarian stock trading. Estimated ETF holding periods are longer for retail investors versus nonretail. Finally, retail and nonretail ETF trades perform similarly over hypothetical holding periods up to one quarter. Overall, we provide policy‐relevant insights into retail investing behaviours, which have been the subject of recent concern.
VOCABULARY FOR AN UNTHINKABLE GRAMMAR: SHARON DODUA OTOO'S SYNCHRONICITY
Authors: Galasso Stephanie
Published: December 2023

This article examines the eponymous notion of ‘synchronicity’ in Sharon Dodua Otoo's novella, Synchronicity: the original story. Drawing on Denise Ferreira da Silva's notion of Black Feminist ‘poethics’, I argue that ‘synchronicity’ might serve as a ‘guide’ for the imagination that also expands significant critiques of (post)‐Enlightenment notions of temporality (e.g. those by Michelle M. Wright, Rei Terada and Christina Sharpe). It does so, I argue, by exposing the significance of temporality and the related notion of causality for racial constructions of the subject. The blending of temporalities and senses in Synchronicity de‐centre the persistent Enlightenment construction of the subject as a causal agent, showing instead the dependence of existence on intricate cycles of loss and gain. To illustrate this, I offer a close reading of Synchronicity alongside analysis of its implicit critique of Enlightenment notions of being and thought. The novella, I argue, offers not only much‐needed vocabulary for the contemporary moment and the synchronous vestiges of ‘past’ violence within it but also challenges the ‘modern political grammar’ (Silva) through which racial subjects emerge.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory based on the Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐Care of Chronic Illness
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Zhang Lujing , Liu Yuan , Liu Ling , De Maria Maddalena , Matarese Maria , Wang Lan
Published: December 2023

Aims

To test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory on a sample of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China.

Background

Measuring the self‐care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is vital to promote the performance of effective self‐care behaviours. However, few instruments have been developed to measure self‐care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the existing instruments lack theoretical support and satisfactory psychometrics properties. The Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory based on Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐Care of Chronic Illness has been developed and tested previously in Italian and US population.

Design

A cross‐sectional instrument development study.

Methods

Construct validity was tested by confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing, and reliability internal consistency using factor score determinacy coefficients.

Results

A convenience sample of 185 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was recruited from September 2020 to January 2022. The instrument consists of three scales: self‐care maintenance, self‐care monitoring and self‐care management. Confirmatory factor analysis performed on the three scales produced good fit indices. The internal consistency was adequate with factor score determinacy coefficients ranging from 0.891 to 0.953 in Self‐Care Maintenance Scale, 0.990 to 0.993 in Self‐Care Monitoring Scale and 0.750 to 0.976 in Self‐Care Management Scale.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory has acceptable reliability and validity. Some differences from the original instrument were identified. Further validation studies should be conducted to confirm the psychometric properties of the instrument in Chinese population.
Partial migration in Magellanic penguins
Authors: Barrionuevo Melina , Frere Esteban
Published: December 2023

We studied the migration of Magellanic penguins near the southern tip of the breeding distribution, and for the first time found evidence of partial migration for this species within the same colony. Forty‐three percent of the penguins studied stayed within ~ 290 km of the colony (residents), while others went northwards as far as 2000 km. All penguins spent the same amount of time at sea and traveled similar total distances, but residents experienced colder waters (2°C lower) and habitats with lower Chlorophyll‐a concentrations than migrants. The two habitats are inhabited by different prey items, consequently offering the penguins distinct prey options. We have shown high variability in the non‐breeding dispersion behavior of Magellanic penguins within the same colony; nonetheless, further research is required to understand the proximate and ultimate causes, and the consequences, of this behavior.
Recent changes in forest structure and growth at the alpine‐treeline ecotone in the Rocky and Columbia Mountains of central British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Griesbauer Hardy , Bevington Alexandre
Published: December 2023

Aim

Globally, forests at the alpine‐treeline ecotone (ATE) are considered sensitive to warming temperatures; however, responses to recent climate change show high variability and many underlying processes remain unclear. This study aims to provide further insight into possible ATE forest responses to climate change by examining spatiotemporal patterns in recent tree regeneration and growth responses to climate across treeline forms.

Location

This study is situated at the ATE in the Rocky Mountain and Columbia Mountain ranges in central British Columbia, Canada.

Taxon

Gymnosperms – subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa Hooker (Nutall)).

Methods

We collected tree and stand data from 48 plots across five study sites. Plots were distributed across three treeline stand types: (i) islands; (ii) abrupt; and (iii) fringes of regeneration adjacent to tree islands. We used a dendrochronological approach to analyse the ages of recently established trees in fringe stand types, detect long‐term trends in annual tree growth and quantify climate‐growth relationships.

Results

Seedling recruitment adjacent to tree islands occurred over a period of approximately 40 years (1960–2000), with two regeneration “pulses” in the late 1970s and 1980s. Abrupt and fringe trees showed a similar age structure and annual radial growth has increased in most trees over the past 30 years. Across the study region and stand types, summer temperature has the strongest influence on radial growth. Over the past 70 years, growth in tree islands has become increasingly correlated with growing season temperature variables.

Main Conclusions

Forest growth and structure have changed in coherent spatial and temporal patterns over recent decades at the ATE in central BC. Projections for sustained warming in this region will likely result in increased tree growth and potential continued expansion of forests into untreed areas below the treeline. These changes will have implications for hydrological regimes, wildlife habitat and carbon sequestration.
Downregulation of JAM3 occurs in cholangiocarcinoma by hypermethylation: A potential molecular marker for diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Shi Yi , Feng Xiao , Zhang Ying , Gao Ji , Bao Wei , Wang Jian‐dong , Bai Jian‐feng
Published: December 2023

Junctional adhesion molecular 3 (JAM3) is downregulated by hypermethylation in cancers but is unclear in cholangiocarcinoma. The JAM3 expression level was checked in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and tissues. Methylated JAM3 was detected in cell lines, tissues and plasma cell‐free DNAs (cfDNA). The roles of JAM3 in cholangiocarcinoma were studied by transfection of siRNA and pCMV3‐JAM3. The survival analysis was based on the Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA) database. JAM3 was downregulated in HCCC‐9810 and HuCCT1 cell lines and tissues by hypermethylation. Methylated JAM3 was detected in cfDNAs with 53.3% sensitivity and 96.6% specificity. Transfection of pCMV3‐JAM3 into HCCC‐9810 and HuCCT1 induced apoptosis and suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The depletion of JAM3 in RBE cells using siRNA decreased apoptosis and increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Hypermethylation of JAM3 was associated with tumour differentiation, metastasis and TNM stage. Downregulation and hypermethylation of JAM3 were related to poor progression‐free survival. Junctional adhesion molecular 3 may function as a tumour suppressor in cholangiocarcinoma. Methylated JAM3 DNA may represent a non‐invasive molecular marker for the early detection of cholangiocarcinoma and prognosis.
Buffalopox: An emerging cutaneous disease in humans
Authors: Burningham Kevin M. , Hinojosa Tiffany , Cavazos Annia , Goyal Tarang , Tyring Stephen K.
Published: December 2023

Background

Buffalopox virus (BPXV) infection is an under‐recognized zoonotic disease associated with recently reported outbreaks in humans in South Asia. It is frequently isolated from skin lesions in cattle and buffalos, and can be transmitted to humans by direct contact with the skin of infected animals and fomites. Very little data exist to inform treatment guidelines.

Case Report

We present a case report of a 50‐year‐old male with this rare but emerging disease.

Conclusions

As outbreaks of viral skin disease such as buffalopox become more common, it is essential for dermatologists to be familiar with their cutaneous manifestations.
The association between atopic dermatitis and inflammatory bowel disease in adults: A cross‐sectional study in a specialized atopic dermatitis clinic
Authors: Rom H. , Snir Y. , Schwartz N. , Hodak E. , Leshem Y. A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) share genetic susceptibility loci with immune regulation functions. Atopic dermatitis was associated with IBD mostly in database studies.

Objective

To assess whether AD is associated with an increased prevalence of IBD in a tertiary dermatology clinic.

Methods

A retrospective cross‐sectional analysis using medical records of adults with verified AD followed up at an AD clinic, compared with age‐ and sex‐matched (1:2) controls from the general dermatology clinic in the same hospital.

Results

Overall, 9/364 (2.47%) of patients with AD had verified IBD, compared with 7/725 (0.97%) of controls (p = 0.0512). In multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, gender and smoking, the association became significant (adjusted OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.28–11.85). Stratified for AD severity, only moderate‐to‐severe AD was associated with IBD (p = 0.035), with an adjusted OR of 4.45 (95% CI: 1.43–13.90). Mild AD was not associated with IBD, but the study was not powered for this sub‐analysis. In the AD group, older age was associated with IBD (p = 0.0172).

Conclusion

This study, in a robustly verified cohort of patients, supports an association between AD, especially the moderate‐to‐severe forms, and IBD. A multidisciplinary approach for patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD should extend to consider IBD.
Short sellers and capital structure dynamics
Authors: Mishra Suchismita , Öztekin Özde , Rahman Anisur
Published: December 2023

Managers tend to issue equity when a firm is overvalued. Short selling is more frequent among overvalued firms. By conditioning short selling on overvaluation, we show that short selling increases leverage, lenghtens debt maturity, and speeds up adjustment to target leverage. The leverage increase is more pronounced in firms with independent boards and an increased likelihood of misvaluation, is driven by overvaluation relative to long‐run value, and occurs through lower equity issuance and higher long‐term debt issuance. Analyses using the exogenous shock to the short‐selling environment from the US Securities and Exchange's Reg SHO pilot program suggest these results are causal.
Physical frailty and survival time after the onset of functional disability: Is there a sex difference?
Authors: Makino Keitaro , Raina Parminder , Griffith Lauren E. , Lee Sangyoon , Harada Kenji , Chiba Ippei , Katayama Osamu , Tomida Kouki , Morikawa Masanori , Makizako Hyuma , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: December 2023

Background

Physical frailty accelerates the timing of both subsequent disability and death; however, evidence regarding the impact of frailty on the period from disability onset to death and sex differences of this impact is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship among physical frailty, disability, death, and sex differences.

Methods

This Japanese cohort study included 10,524 community‐dwelling people aged ≥65 years. Physical frailty was operationalized by key phenotypes as per Fried's criteria (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, weight loss, and low activity) at baseline. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disability onset and post‐disability survival according to the frailty status.

Results

During a 5‐year follow‐up, the risk of disability onset for pre‐frailty (HR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.51–2.00) and frailty (HR: 3.27, 95% CI: 2.77–3.87) were significantly higher than that for robust people. Furthermore, among participants who developed disabilities within 5 years (n = 1481), the risk of post‐disability death for pre‐frailty was not different from that for robust (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.99–2.24), but frailty showed a higher risk of post‐disability death than did robust people. (HR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.13–2.72). In the sex‐stratified analysis, although the female group showed no association between frailty status and post‐disability death (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.63–2.33 in pre‐frailty; HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 0.60–2.57 in frailty), the male group showed higher risk of post‐disability death in both pre‐frailty (HR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.03–2.96) and frailty (HR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.32–4.09).

Conclusions

Physical frailty shortens the period from disability onset to death. Additionally, the impact of frailty on post‐disability death is greater for males than for females. Our findings suggest that physical frailty is an important clinical indicator distinct from disability and that interventions to prevent and address frailty in men need further investigation.
Insufficient sleep blunts positive, but not negative, affective response to emotionally complex film clips
Authors: Minkel Jared , Pascuzzi Emma , Mushkat Zoe , Gentes Emily , Adams Sue K.
Published: December 2023

The effects of sleep deprivation on emotional function are not yet fully understood. Although sleep deprivation has been shown to have larger effects on positive emotional reactivity than on negative, this research has been limited by the use of separate stimuli for positive and negative emotion elicitation. Different sets of stimuli represent a confound that makes it difficult to interpret this difference with confidence. The study reported here was designed to overcome this limitation by using film clips that elicit both positive and negative emotional responses at the same time. Undergraduate participants (33 female, 2 male) completed a laboratory‐based emotion elicitation procedure using these film clips. Differences in sleep deprivation, estimated by subjective sleepiness and reaction times, were used to predict responses to these emotion probes. Greater subjective sleepiness was associated with significantly lesser positive responses to the film clips (rs = −0.37, p = 0.03). The relationship between subjective sleepiness and negative responses to the same clips was smaller and not significant (rs = −0.11, p = 0.51). Reaction times were not related to subjective emotional responses in this sample (all p > 0.40). These results support the theory that sleepiness has asymmetrical effects on positive and negative emotional functioning.
Diet in phenotypically divergent sympatric species of African weakly electric fish (genus: Campylomormyrus)—A hybrid capture/HTS metabarcoding approach
Authors: Amen Rahma , Havenstein Katja , Kirschbaum Frank , Tiedemann Ralph
Published: December 2023

Ecological speciation within the mormyrid genus Campylomormyrus resulted in sympatric species exhibiting divergence in their feeding apparatus and electric organ discharge (EOD). This study documents the overall diet of the genus Campylomormyrus and examines the hypothesis that the Campylomormyrus radiation is caused by adaptation to different food sources. We performed diet assessment of five sympatric Campylomormyrus species (C. alces, C. compressirostris, C. curvirostris, C. tshokwe, C. numenius) and their sister taxon Gnathonemus petersii with markedly different snout morphologies and EODs using hybrid capture/HTS DNA metabarcoding of their stomach contents. Our approach allowed for high taxonomic resolution of prey items, including benthic invertebrates, allochthonous invertebrates and vegetation. Comparisons of the diet compositions using quantitative measures and diet overlap indices revealed that all species are able to exploit multiple food niches in their habitats, that is fauna at the bottom, the water surface and the water column. A major part of the diet is larvae of aquatic insects, such as dipterans, coleopterans and trichopterans, known to occur in holes and interstitial spaces of the substrate. The results indicate that different snout morphologies and the associated divergence in the EOD could translate into different prey spectra. This suggests that the diversification in EOD and/or morphology of the feeding apparatus could be under functional adaptation.
Comparison of maxillary transversal changes between auxiliary beta‐titanium expansion arch and miniscrew‐assisted rapid palatal expansion
Authors: Sader Luis Henrique Braga , Siécola Gustavo , Marin Ramirez Cecilia Maria , Otazu Aldo , Torres Dino Marcelo , Cotrin Paula , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli , Pinzan‐Vercelino Célia Regina Maio , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore
Published: December 2023

Objective(s)

This study compared buccal bone thickness, dental inclinations and maxillary transverse width dimensions changes between auxiliary beta‐titanium expansion arch (AEA) and miniscrew‐assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE).

Materials and Methods

The sample consisted of 29 patients, aged between 18 and 40 years, with transverse maxillary deficiency and treated without extractions, divided into two groups: group AEA: comprised 13 individuals (initial mean age: 29.23 ± 9.13 years) treated using auxiliary beta‐titanium expansion arch; group MARPE: comprised 16 patients (initial mean age: 24.92 ± 7.60 years) treated with miniscrew‐assisted rapid palatal expansion. Buccal bone thickness, dental inclinations and transverse width dimensions (dental, nasal base and jugular) were measured in cone‐bean computed tomographies at pre‐ and post‐treatment stages. The variables were compared using the independent t‐test.

Results

The buccal bone thickness was similar for both groups at the post‐treatment stage. The second premolars were significantly more buccal inclined in the AEA group and the right maxillary first molars in the MARPE group. The intercanine and intermolar distances were statistically significantly greater in the MARPE group. Changes in dental arch transverse dimensions were significantly greater for the MARPE group.

Conclusion

Both treatment protocols corrected the maxillary transverse discrepancy; however, MARPE provided greater correction.
Successful initial restoration of oyster habitat in the lower Hudson River Estuary, United States
Authors: Grizzle Raymond , Lodge James , Ward Krystin , Mosher Katie , Jacobs Fred , Krebs Justin
Published: December 2023

The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), has experienced dramatic declines throughout its range, and most U.S. states along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts have restoration programs. Oyster restoration in the Hudson River Estuary has been a focus of management agencies for over two decades. The present project was initiated in 2013 after sampling for replacement of the Tappan Zee bridge determined live oysters would be lost during bridge construction, thus requiring mitigation measures. Preliminary studies identified three areas for pilot studies to inform the design of full‐scale efforts. A pilot study involving deployment of oyster shell‐filled gabions and two styles of Reef Balls, found all substrates supported oyster recruitment and growth but there were higher oyster densities on gabions. Some of the gabions, however, failed structurally necessitating a need for new design. For full‐scale restoration, a total of 422 modified gabions and 881 Mini‐Bay style Reef Balls were deployed across three sites which totaled approximately 2.4 ha (6 ac) in seafloor area. Both substrate types were heavily colonized by oysters and several other species at all three sites, essentially duplicating the findings of the pilot study. The final monitoring event in 2020 indicated a total of approximately 5.8 million live oysters were on the substrates deployed in 2018. This mitigation effort was the largest oyster habitat restoration project in, or north of, the New York Harbor region in recent decades based on restoration area and several oyster metrics of early success.
The misconception of soil organic carbon sequestration notion: When do we achieve climate benefit?
Authors: Petersson Tashina , Antoniella Gabriele , Chiriacò Maria Vincenza , Perugini Lucia , Chiti Tommaso
Published: December 2023

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is a key function of natural and semi‐natural ecosystems. Restoring this property in terrestrial ecosystems has become central to the EU's climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. However, SOC sequestration is a widely misunderstood concept. The different methodological approaches used to investigate and compare SOC stock under sustainable agricultural practices play a key role in reinforcing misconceptions about this complex process. This commentary paper aimed not only to provide a clear definition of SOC sequestration, but also to interpret the results that can be obtained for SOC stock change estimation using the SOC stock difference and the paired comparison methods, as well as to identify the soil carbon‐related processes that achieve climate mitigation. SOC sequestration can be defined as the progressive increase in a site's SOC stock compared with pre‐intervention via a net depletion and transfer of atmospheric CO2 into the soil, where it is retained as soil organic matter (SOM), by plants, plant residues, or other organic solids such as the material derived from the organic fraction of farming solid waste, which can be used as a fertilizer (e.g., manure, compost, biochar, and digestate), and that is produced or derived from that land unit. To date, the most appropriate way to determine whether a land unit's soil is a sink or rather a source of atmospheric CO2 is to implement the SOC stock difference method, provided the non‐occurrence of carbon exchange between ecosystems.
Decolonizing science‐engaged theology
Authors: Kamwendo Zara Thokozani
Published: December 2023

This piece is about the value of decolonization for teaching and doing science‐engaged theology. I argue that decolonization should be seen as a useful tool that helps students, teachers, and scholars to re‐imagine the modern distinction between science and theology/religion.
Arabidopsis BBX14 is involved in high light acclimation and seedling development
Authors: Atanasov Vasil , Schumacher Julia , Muiño Jose M. , Larasati Catharina , Wang Liangsheng , Kaufmann Kerstin , Leister Dario , Kleine Tatjana
Published: December 2023

The development of photosynthetically competent seedlings requires both light and retrograde biogenic signaling pathways. The transcription factor GLK1 functions at the interface between these pathways and receives input from the biogenic signal integrator GUN1. BBX14 was previously identified, together with GLK1, in a core module that mediates the response to high light (HL) levels and biogenic signals, which was studied by using inhibitors of chloroplast development. Our chromatin immunoprecipitation‐Seq experiments revealed that BBX14 is a direct target of GLK1, and RNA‐Seq analysis suggests that BBX14 may function as a regulator of the circadian clock. In addition, BBX14 plays a role in chlorophyll biosynthesis during early onset of light. Knockout of BBX14 results in a long hypocotyl phenotype dependent on a retrograde signal. Furthermore, the expression of BBX14 and BBX15 during biogenic signaling requires GUN1. Investigation of the role of BBX14 and BBX15 in GUN‐type biogenic (gun) signaling showed that the overexpression of BBX14 or BBX15 caused de‐repression of CA1 mRNA levels, when seedlings were grown on norflurazon. Notably, transcripts of the LHCB1.2 marker are not de‐repressed. Furthermore, BBX14 is required to acclimate plants to HL stress. We propose that BBX14 is an integrator of biogenic signals and that BBX14 is a nuclear target of retrograde signals downstream of the GUN1/GLK1 module. However, we do not classify BBX14 or BBX15 overexpressors as gun mutants based on a critical evaluation of our results and those reported in the literature. Finally, we discuss a classification system necessary for the declaration of new gun mutants.
The stochastic Schwarz lemma on Kähler manifolds by couplings and its applications
Authors: Chae Myeongju , Cho Gunhee , Gordina Maria , Yang Guang
Published: December 2023

We first provide a stochastic formula for the Carathéodory distance in terms of general Markovian couplings and prove a comparison result between the Carathéodory distance and the complete Kähler metric with a negative lower curvature bound using the Kendall–Cranston coupling. This probabilistic approach gives a version of the Schwarz lemma on complete noncompact Kähler manifolds with a further decomposition Ricci curvature into the orthogonal Ricci curvature and the holomorphic sectional curvature, which cannot be obtained by using Yau–Royden's Schwarz lemma. We also prove coupling estimates on quaternionic Kähler manifolds. As a by‐product, we obtain an improved gradient estimate of positive harmonic functions on Kähler manifolds and quaternionic Kähler manifolds under lower curvature bounds.
Interventions to prevent or manage workplace violence against student nurses during clinical placement: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dafny Hila Ariela , McCloud Christine , Champion Stephanie , Pearson Vincent , Hines Sonia , Brown Shannon , Phillips Craig , Waheed Nasreena , Cabilan C.J. , Johnston Sandra
Published: December 2023

Objectives:

The objective of this review is to investigate the effectiveness of workplace violence management or prevention interventions, including strategies, protocols, and policies, to address violence against, and provide support to, registered nursing students (RNS) following incidents of violence during clinical placement.

Introduction:

Workplace violence is a global issue that affects victims’ physical and mental health. RNS are especially vulnerable to workplace violence because of their limited work experience and confidence. These students often feel shocked and unprepared when experiencing workplace violence due to limited education and support provided by educational institutions or clinical sites. Workplace violence can lead to anxiety, decreased confidence, and professional attrition. There is a need to systematically synthesize the evidence on workplace violence management and prevention to support nursing students during clinical placement.

Inclusion criteria:

The review will consider studies assessing the effectiveness of interventions to address workplace violence or improve support for RNS. Studies that report on educational interventions or pre-clinical placement strategies and measure the preparedness of students will also be considered. Study designs will be limited to quantitative methods that evaluate intervention effectiveness.

Methods:

Databases to be searched include MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Central, ERIC (ProQuest), ProQuest Central, ProQuest Social Science Premium Collection, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Two independent reviewers will screen, review, appraise, and extract data from eligible articles. For data synthesis, studies will be pooled using JBI SUMARI. The GRADE approach for grading the certainty of evidence will be followed and a Summary of Findings will be created.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42022377318
Pharmacy practice and First Peoples health equity: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Rothwell Michelle , Carlisle Karen , Cairns Alice , Wallace Valda , McDermott Karl , Topp Stephanie
Published: December 2023

Objective:

The objective of this review is to examine and describe global pharmacy practice strategies and interventions designed to achieve health equity for First Peoples.

Introduction:

Access to medicines and quality use of medicines is critical to achieving health equity for First Peoples. Pharmacists are uniquely placed to lead the charge in transforming current health systems, reducing health disparities, and bolstering the movement toward health equity.

Inclusion criteria:

Global studies describing pharmacy practice strategies and interventions designed to achieve health equity for First Peoples will be considered for inclusion in the review. Studies relating to all areas of pharmacy practice, including community and clinical pharmacy, social, administrative, pharmaceutical sciences, practice, teaching, research, advocacy, or service relevant to the review’s objective will also be considered for inclusion. The types of studies to be included are qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods systematic reviews, scoping reviews, literature reviews, and gray literature.

Methods:

This review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and gray literature sources will be searched from 1998 to the present. Titles, abstracts, and full texts will be screened against the inclusion criteria. Strategies and interventions identified in the included reviews will be mapped to a published framework, outlining actionable strategies for pharmacy practice inclusion in sustainable efforts to achieve health equity. Qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics will be utilized with data presented in tables, accompanied by a narrative.

Review registration:

Open Science Framework osf.io/qa64b
Insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies for heat stroke: Lessons from a baboon model
Authors: Abdullah Mashan , Ehaideb Salleh , Roberts George , Bouchama Abderrezak
Published: December 2023

Heat stroke is a perilous condition marked by severe hyperthermia and extensive multiorgan dysfunction, posing a considerable risk of mortality if not promptly identified and treated. Furthermore, the complex biological mechanisms underlying heat stroke‐induced tissue and cell damage across organ systems remain incompletely understood. This knowledge gap has hindered the advancement of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies against this condition. In this narrative review, we synthesize key insights gained over a decade using a translational baboon model of heat stroke. By replicating heat stroke pathology in a non‐human primate species that closely resembles humans, we have unveiled novel insights into the pathways of organ injury and cell death elicited by this condition. Here, we contextualize and integrate the lessons learned concerning heat stroke pathophysiology and recovery, areas that are inherently challenging to investigate directly in human subjects. We suggest novel research directions to advance the understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying cell death and organ injury. This may lead to precise therapeutic strategies that benefit individuals suffering from this debilitating condition.
Cecidophyinae (Acari: Acariformes) from Serbia: description of a new species, supplementary description of six species and four new records for the fauna
Authors: Marinkovic Slavica , Cvrković Tatjana , Jakovljević Miljana , Vidović Biljana , Petanović Radmila
Published: December 2023

During the faunistic survey of Cecidophyinae mites in Serbia, a new species, Achaetocoptes dragicae sp. nov., found on Erica carnea L. is described and illustrated. Additionally, supplementary descriptions of six species (Cecidophyes glaber (Nal.), Cecidophyes nudus Nal., Cecidophyes psilonotus (Nal.), Cecidophyes gymnaspis (Nal.), Cecidophyopsis rosmarinusis Wang et al., and Chrecidus quercipodus Manson) are provided. Moreover, Achaetocoptes cerrifoliae (Labanowski & Soika) and Bariella bakonyense Ripka & Csóka, represent new records for the Serbian fauna, while Ce. rosmarinusis and Ch. quercipodus are recorded for the first time in Europe. Sequences of mtCOI barcode region are provided for all species.
Wigner functions of the finite square-well bound states
Authors: Chen P. , Yang Z. Q. , Shi Z. Z. , Hou Q. Y. , Jin G. R.
Published: December 2023

The bound states of a particle confined in a one-dimensional finite square well cannot be solved analytically, since the eigen-energies are determined by transcendental equations. Here, we numerically calculate the bound states and show their non-classical properties, using Wigner's quasi-probability distribution (also called the Wigner functions) in the phase space (x, p). In contrast to the infinite-well case, we find that the Wigner functions spread over the space dimension x, get squeezed along the momentum dimension p, and show negativity outside the well. Negativity in a Wigner function indicates non-classical properties of the bound states.
Microscopic derivation of the collision properties of molecules in two systems at thermal equilibrium
Authors: Wei Tongli , Cao Xiansheng
Published: December 2023

The mean relative speed and relative speed distribution function of molecules play important roles in kinetics and related topics. College textbooks frequently present a simplified derivation of these quantities that, while yielding the correct result, are not well justified. This paper presents a detailed physical picture of collision-related processes based on the microscopic kinetic theory. Formulas for the mean relative speed and mean collision rate along with the relative speed distribution function and the distribution function of relative speed of the paired particles in collisions (collision possible distribution function) are derived for molecules from two different systems that are each at thermal equilibrium.
Spreading ceramic stereolithography pastes: Insights from shear- and orthogonal-rheology
Authors: Fournier Sylvain , Chevalier Jérôme , Perez-Robles Saray , Carotenuto Claudia , Minale Mario , Reveron Helen , Baeza Guilhem P.
Published: December 2023

We study the shear rheological behavior of a commercial stereolithography paste containing ≈50 vol. % of zirconia particles (diameter ≈ 100 nm) with the aim to clarify physical mechanisms occurring during the “scraping” step of this yield stress fluid. Beyond a flow curve characterized by a high zero-shear viscosity accompanied with an overall shear-thinning behavior, we investigate in a systematic way the transient regime through start-up experiments. We demonstrate that a structural transition occurs between 10−2 and 10−1 s−1, resulting in an apparent interruption of the shear-thinning. The corresponding transient response presents a pronounced extra-growth of the shear stress before to stabilize at high strain amplitude and a negative first normal stress difference peak, both effects become stronger at higher shear rates. These observations are rationalized based on the high interparticle friction owing to the polyhedral shape and the roughness of the particles. In addition, relaxation tests following the start-up experiments reveal that the samples submitted to shear rates higher than 10−1 s−1 cannot relax the shear stress to the same level as in low shear rate experiments, suggesting a durable structural modification likely to impact the quality of the parts prior to their debinding and densification. Finally, we utilize orthogonal superposition rheology to illustrate how the application of an oscillatory deformation during the scraping procedure could help to reduce the shear-thinning interruption and improve the stereolithography processing as already observed empirically during scraping.
Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial
Authors: Lau Sally C. Y. , Wilson Nerida G. , Golledge Nicholas R. , Naish Tim R. , Watts Phillip C. , Silva Catarina N. S. , Cooke Ira R. , Allcock A. Louise , Mark Felix C. , Linse Katrin , Strugnell Jan M.
Published: December 2023

The marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is considered vulnerable to irreversible collapse under future climate trajectories, and its tipping point may lie within the mitigated warming scenarios of 1.5° to 2°C of the United Nations Paris Agreement. Knowledge of ice loss during similarly warm past climates could resolve this uncertainty, including the Last Interglacial when global sea levels were 5 to 10 meters higher than today and global average temperatures were 0.5° to 1.5°C warmer than preindustrial levels. Using a panel of genome-wide, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of a circum-Antarctic octopus, we show persistent, historic signals of gene flow only possible with complete WAIS collapse. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that the tipping point of WAIS loss could be reached even under stringent climate mitigation scenarios.
Structural visualization of transcription initiation in action
Authors: Chen Xizi , Liu Weida , Wang Qianmin , Wang Xinxin , Ren Yulei , Qu Xuechun , Li Wanjun , Xu Yanhui
Published: December 2023

Transcription initiation is a complex process, and its mechanism is incompletely understood. We determined the structures of de novo transcribing complexes TC2 to TC17 with RNA polymerase II halted on G-less promoters when nascent RNAs reach 2 to 17 nucleotides in length, respectively. Connecting these structures generated a movie and a working model. As initially synthesized RNA grows, general transcription factors (GTFs) remain bound to the promoter and the transcription bubble expands. Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)–driven RNA-DNA translocation and template-strand accumulation in a nearly sealed channel may promote the transition from initially transcribing complexes (ITCs) (TC2 to TC9) to early elongation complexes (EECs) (TC10 to TC17). Our study shows dynamic processes of transcription initiation and reveals why ITCs require GTFs and bubble expansion for initial RNA synthesis, whereas EECs need GTF dissociation from the promoter and bubble collapse for promoter escape.
Genetic insight on ice sheet history
Authors: Dutton A. , DeConto R. M.
Published: December 2023

Octopus DNA reveals timing of the most recent collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Deciphering downstream receptor signaling
Authors: Filizola Marta , Javitch Jonathan A.
Published: December 2023

Advancing drug discovery requires increasingly integrative structural biology approaches
Spatial and temporal control of lysis by the lambda holin
Authors: Cahill Jesse , Holt Ashley , Theodore Matthew , Moreland Russell , O'Leary Chandler , Martin Cody , Bettridge Kelsey , Xiao Jie , Young Ry
Published: December 2023

In this study, we use fluorescent video microscopy to track -green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled holin in the minutes prior to phage lysis. Our work contextualizes prior genetic and biochemical data, showing when hole formation starts and where holin oligomers form in relation to the site of lytic rupture. Furthermore, prior work showed that the morphology of lambda-infected cells is characterized by an explosive event starting at the cell pole; however, the basis for this was not clear. This study shows that holin most often oligomerizes at cell poles and that the site of the oligomerization is spatially correlated with the site of lytic blowout. Therefore, the holin is the key contributor to polar lysis morphology for phage lambda.
Draft genome sequence of
Amycolatopsis camponoti
RTGN1, a bacterial endophyte isolated from
Alnus glutinosa
root nodules
Authors: Thompson Ryan Michael , Fox Edward M. , Montero-Calasanz Maria del Carmen
Published: December 2023

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Amycolatopsis
camponoti RTGN1, a bacterial endophyte of
Alnus glutinosa
root nodules, collected from Saltwell Park, United Kingdom. The genome is 11.9 Mbp in size, composed of 147 contigs, with an N
50
of 179,211 bp and presenting a GC content of 70.9%.
Metagenomes and metagenome-assembled genomes from a sequentially fed anaerobic digester treating solid organic municipal waste
Authors: Nesbø Camilla L. , Fitamo Temesgen M. , Lee Hyunwoo , Edwards Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2023

We present a data set of four metagenomes and 281 metagenome-assembled genomes describing the microbial community of a laboratory-scale high solids anaerobic digester. Our objective was to obtain information on the coding potential of the microbial community and draft genomes of the most abundant organisms in the digester.
Metamorphic evolution of high-pressure and ultrahigh-temperature granulites from the Alxa Block, North China Craton: Implications for the collision and exhumation of Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts
Authors: Zou Lei , Guo Jing-Hui , Zhang Li-Fei , Huang Guang-Yu , Jiao Shu-Juan , Tian Zhong-Hua , Liu Ping-Hua
Published: December 2023

High-pressure (HP) and ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) granulites with a high geothermal gradient (greater than 500 °C/GPa) are prominent features of Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts and may represent paired metamorphic belts present during the early stages of plate tectonics. Understanding their pressure–temperature–time (P-T-t) paths and metamorphic evolutionary relationships could provide valuable constraints on the tectonic processes of Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts. Here, we describe garnet mafic and clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene (Cpx-Opx) granulites from the Diebusige area of the Alxa Block in the western part of the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton. Through detailed petrographic, phase equilibrium modeling, and Ti-in-amphibole thermometric studies, we obtained the preserved peak mineral assemblages of two types of mafic granulites: garnet + clinopyroxene + amphibole + plagioclase + quartz + ilmenite, and clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + plagioclase + amphibole + garnet (rare) + ilmenite. The preserved peak P-T conditions were determined to be 850–890 °C/11.4–13.2 kbar (HP granulite-facies) and 950–970 °C/8.2–9.2 kbar (UHT conditions), with thermal gradients of ~70 °C/kbar (moderate differential temperature/differential pressure, dT/dP) and ~110 °C/kbar (high dT/dP), respectively. Using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe U-Pb dating and rare earth element analysis of zircons, we found that the garnet mafic granulite recorded an HP granulite-facies metamorphic age of ca. 1.95 Ga and a retrograde cooling age of ca. 1.8 Ga, while the Cpx-Opx granulite recorded a consistent retrograde cooling age of ca. 1.8 Ga. By combining these results with the metamorphic evolution and timing (ca. 1.92–1.91 Ga) of UHT rocks from the Khondalite Belt, we suggest that the garnet (HP) mafic and Cpx-Opx (UHT) granulites may represent different stages of the same metamorphic event, shedding light on the processes involved in the collision and subsequent exhumation of Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts.
Supplemental Material: A Bayesian astrochronology for the Cambrian first occurrence of trilobites in West Gondwana (Morocco)
Authors: Sinnesael Matthias , al. et
Published: December 2023

 Lithofacies log from Monniger, 1979, time-series analyses script in R, and Oxcal age-depth model files.  