bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literature Review: Inclusive Education in Early Childhood
Authors: Yang Zixuan
Published: May 2020

This literature review provides an overview of existing research and compares, and contrasts aims and definitions of Inclusive Education (IE) policies in China and Australia. It begins with the development of IE in each country; then it describes definition and concept of IE. The last section summarizes research in early childhood education in both countries.
Trayectorias globales: movilidad, procesos identitarios y nuevos aprendizajes en la capoeira Angola
Authors: González Varela Sergio Armando
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo analiza el proceso de expansión global de la capoeira Angola enfocada principalmente en sus practicantes. El texto describe la movilidad de capoeiristas no brasileños y sus estrategias de aprendizaje, así como los itinerarios y trayectorias de los mestres de capoeira y otros miembros de las jerarquías de poder de los grupos alrededor del mundo. El artículo caracteriza a los practicantes internacionales como peregrinos de aprendizaje y a los mestres como misioneros culturales o de la tradición. Se argumenta que es en el encuentro entre ambos tipos de actores que el estilo Angola experimenta un proceso de resignificación como práctica afrobrasileña. A su vez, se hace hincapié en que la movilidad global de la capoeira implica un desarrollo de nuevas formas de aprendizaje que involucran una reflexión dialógica entre los conceptos de tradición e innovación.  Finalmente, el texto concluye que la identificación de los dos tipos de actores descritos proporciona elementos importantes para el estudio antropológico de la movilidad y de la expansión global de la capoeira.
Circulations et réappropriations des enseignements du yoga moderne en France et en Suisse
Authors: Nizard Caroline
Published: May 2020

Historiquement, les réinterprétations du yoga en Inde s’inscrivent dans les réformes des mouvements nationalistes de la fin du xixe siècle et gagnent en importance dans les années 1920 autour de pratiques donnant la prévalence aux postures. Si ces réappropriations ont fait l’objet de nombreux travaux d’historiens et de sanskritistes autour des textes et de gourous emblématiques, l’hybridation des pratiques contemporaines en Europe, notamment en France et en Suisse, reste peu interrogée. Aussi, grâce à des terrains ethnographiques menés entre 2013 et 2017, trois portraits de professeurs en France et en Suisse seront esquissés afin de souligner des réinterprétations possibles, depuis Krishnamacharya, un gourou important dans l’histoire du yoga, jusqu’à ces derniers. Car, au-delà des diversités d’approche du yoga, ces enseignants se rejoignent dans leur volonté d’inscrire leur enseignement dans un héritage, tout en l’adaptant aux besoins de leurs élèves (recherche de médecine alternative, de dépassement de soi, de quête spirituelle). Par ailleurs, ces professeurs mobilisent cinq modalités pour légitimer leur statut de professeur, s’opposant ainsi à des tendances qui ternissent à leurs yeux le yoga : la commercialisation grandissante, la recherche de performance et d’esthétisme, le sport et la quête de bien-être.
KAJIAN NILAI BELA NEGARA PADA DESAIN KOSTUM DAN ATRIBUT SUPERHERO PANCA SATRIA
Authors: Romadhona Mahimma , El Chidtian Aileena Solicitor , Febrianita Roziana
Published: May 2020

Defending the country is an obligation for every Indonesian, including the younger generation. The younger generation must be inculcated with the ideology of the Pancasila state so that they have strong resilience in facing the threat of terrorism and radicalism. Nationalism and national defense insight possessed by the Indonesian people are considered not high. For this reason, awareness and enlightenment are needed from an early age to foster a love of Indonesia's homeland. This can be done one of them through the application of state defense values in costume designs and superhero attributes named "Panca Satria". The application of local wisdom to costume design and attributes is an effort to preserve culture. This study uses qualitative research methods using semiotics studies. The results of this study are expected to open the discourse that local wisdom can be raised in future trends in the form of costume designs and superhero attributes that are attractive to children. So, education about the values of defending the country to children can be done effectively.
Some Morphological Characteristics of Gene Pool from the Hybridization of Local Tomato Genotypes and Some Commercial Types
Authors: KESKİN Levent , PAKSOY Mustafa , TÜRKMEN Önder
Published: May 2020

Determination of different gene sources is important for plant breeding studies; therefore, local genotypes are of interest. In this study, collected genotypes were hybridizied with commercial genotypes in order to transfer some traits such as disease resistance and long shelf life to local genotypes. After that, obtained genotypes were self pollinated twice and gene pool was created according to some morphological traits. Nine different groups were created from combinations according to result of clustering analysis. Result of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that total rate of 65.208% variation was observed. As a result of the research, half way materials were acquired that are thought to be used in obtaining qualified variety or varieties.
Ratus-V To Reduce Albus Fluorine": alternative to traditional medicine in Indonesia
Authors: Suryantini Naning Puji , Ma'rifah Asirotul , Yanti Ariu Dewi , Yanti Ariu Dewi
Published: May 2020

Fluor albus is prone to occur in women of reproductive age. Ratus-V can be a non-pharmacological therapeutic choice for treating albus fluorine. They consider this treatment can prevent fluorine albus and maintain moisture in intimate areas so that the cleanliness and intimate health of the area is maintained. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of Ratus-V on Fluor Albus. This research uses Pre-experimental. The research design used was the One-Group Pretest - Posttest Design, with a population of all women working in the cable assembly section at PT. SAI Ngoro Mojokerto sub-district was 180 respondents. The sample in this study amounted to 30 respondents. The sampling technique uses Purposive Sampling. Statistical test results value = 0,000 where value < less than 0.005 means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. meaning the influence of Ratus-V on fluor albus in women who work in cable assembly at PT. SAI Ngoro Mojokerto Regency. As for the conclusion of this study, working women who have entered childbearing age who have fluor albus can use Ratus-V as a natural vaginal treatment as well as an alternative non-pharmacological drug in dealing with fluorine albus.

Keywords: Ratus-V, Fluor Albus
Biological properties of European bitterling Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) in Dinsiz Stream, Turkey
Authors: Benzer Semra , Gül Ali
Published: May 2020

The aim of this article was to some morphometric characteristics of Rhodeus amarus from Dinsiz Stream. A morphological analysis of 21 morphometric characters were done. These characteristics  total length (TL); fork length (FL); standard length (SL); predorsal length; dorsal fin base length; dorsal fin length; head length; pretorbital length; eye diameter; postorbital length; interorbital distance; body height; preanal distance; anal fin base length; anal fin length; pectoral fin base length; pectoral fin length; ventral fin base length; ventral fin length; caudal peduncle depth and weight (W). The samples were measured weight to the nearest 0.01 g and total, fork and standard length to the nearest 0.01 mm. The total length (TL) and weight (W min-max) of the fish were 4.2- 7.1 cm and 1.699- 7.444 g, respectively.Keywords: Rhodeus amarus; European bitterling; morphometric properties; Dinsiz Stream Turkey
MATERNAL RISK FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH THREAT OF PRETERMINE BIRTH IN ENRIQUE SOTOMAYOR HOSPITAL
Authors: Mera Yesica Pazmiño , Nader Jorge Daher , Pluas Miguel Gonzalez , Fonseca Rocio , Morales Vicky Narea
Published: May 2020

It is vitally important to understand that premature birth at the Latin American level and in Ecuador is a Public Health problem is considered as one of the main causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality, determined by certain obstetric gynecological aspects such as newborn weight, gestational age is important when there is an irregularity of gestational development when not being found within 32 weeks they produce a greater rate of neonatal morbidity and mortality as a consequence a greater percentage of sequelae; Therefore, it is important that through the present study it is understood that the incidence of premature births should be reduced, which not only affects the pregnant woman but also the newborn. This research is quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional with a descriptive level of research, based on the medical records of patients between the ages of 10 and 19 treated at the Enrique C. Sotomayor hospital in Guayaquil in the period 2015 When the present study is carried out, it is concluded that since there is no consistent prenatal control on the part of pregnant women, it directly influences the pre-term delivery leading to this problem to establish a high predisposition to produce maternal-neonatal morbidity and mortality; a greater awareness campaign should be carried out regarding the prenatal controls necessary to reduce the incidence of preterm birth. The age group with the greatest predisposition is established in adolescents whose age range is from 17 to 19 years.
STUDY ON DIVERSITY OF AQUATIC INSECTS IN RAMAUA RESERVOIR OF GWALIOR DISTRICT (M. P.)
Authors: Sharma K. , Lodhi R. K. , Rao R. J.
Published: May 2020

Aquatic insects are those which live a part of their life cycle in water. In addition to their significant ecosystem function aquatic insects are also a primary source of food for fishes and amphibians. Inland wetlands of India serve as the habitat for more than 500 species of aquatic insects which are mainly from Ephimeroptera, Odonta and Trichoptera. The study was conducted during early hours of the day from August, 2019 to November 2019. Three sites were selected for the study i.e. vegetation site, agricultural site and disturbed vegetation site. The checklist of recorded aquatic insects is shown with their taxa, order, family and scientific name and common name. Total 24 species of aquatic insects were found in three different sites. The study of population of insects in different sites revealed the fact that the population of aquatic insects was governed by abiotic and biotic factors.
BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS OF INFLATED GEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Dubey Akhilesh , Rao Arun , Pandey Himanshu
Published: May 2020

In this paper Bayes estimators of parameters of inflated geometric distribution have been obtained by taking joint beta prior. The loss functions used are squared, precautionary and entropy.
STUDY OF MANGROVE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN UJUNG BATU BEACH WATER, FLORES SEA, JENEPONTO DISTRICT
Authors: Yunus Budiman , Omar Sharifuddin Bin Andy , Parawansa Basse Siang
Published: May 2020

This study aims to examine the density, frequency and closure of mangrove areas. In addition, it also analyzed the ecological index (index of diversity, uniformity, and dominance) of mangrove vegetation in the waters of Ujung Batu, Flores Sea, Jeneponto Regency. This research was conducted using the 10 x 10 m2 transect plot method. The data obtained were analyzed to determine the density, frequency, closure and important value index (IVI) as well as to analyze the diversity index, uniformity and dominance index. The results of this study are; mangrove communities in the waters of the Ujung Batu, Flores coast, consists of types Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. officinalis, Sonnneratia alba and Rhizophora stylosa. A. alba dominates at the three observation stations (I, II and III). This is marked by the high importance (IVI) at all levels. The diversity index (H ') at the study site ranged from 0.36 - 0.51, indicating a low level of diversity. The Simpson dominance index (SDI) ranges from 0.34 to 0.54, indicating that one of the species (A. alba) dominates the mangrove area in the study site.
Yellow-Crowned Night Heron in Manitoba, With a Note on Sunbathing
Authors: Knapton Richard W.
Published: May 2020

1
1976 Irruption of Clark’s Nutcracker in Cypress Hills, Alberta
Authors: Fisher Robert M.
Published: May 2020

1
Calgary Bluebird Trail – 1978
Authors: Pinel Harold W , Riddell John R.
Published: May 2020

1
Further Notes on the Arrival of the House Sparrow
Authors: Houston C. Stuart
Published: May 2020

1
Saskatchewan Christmas Mammal Count – 1978
Authors: Harris Wayne C.
Published: May 2020

1
A New Subspecies of Little Brown Bat for Alberta
Authors: Smith Hugh C. , Schowalter David B.
Published: May 2020

1
Rare Vascular Plants of Saskatchewan
Authors: Saskatchewan Natural History Society
Published: May 2020

1
Does the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) sufficiently prioritise enablement of access to therapeutic opioids? A systematic critical analysis of six INCB annual reports, 1968-2018
Authors: Clark Joseph D , Johnson Miriam , Fabowale Blessing , Farrelly Michael , Currow David
Published: May 2020

Background

The International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) has overseen international drug control since 1968 with the dual remit of restricting illicit production and use of controlled substances, whilst enabling access for clinical purposes. Two opioid crises are present under its jurisdiction: i) abuse, dependence and premature mortality in high-income countries; and ii) inadequate supply of opioids for clinical purposes for most of the world represented almost exclusively by low- and middle-income countries.

Methods

Systematic critical analysis using corpus linguistics as a method of document analysis to investigate the regulatory climate promoted by the INCB, through language used regarding opioids in a representative sample of annual Reports, 1968-2018. Instances of key terms (narcotics, opiates, opioids, analgesia) were retrieved, with surrounding text for context. Two systematic coding phases were undertaken by two researchers, adjudicated by a third, to develop themes. We report frequencies per-1000 words of themes and key terms, aggregated and by decade.

Results

Five themes were developed within three domains: abuse and dependency, illegal trade (domain 1: illicit uses); policy, enforcement and context (domain 2: illicit and therapeutic uses), and access for therapeutic use, estimates of need (domain 3: therapeutic uses). For fifty years, the INCB has focussed predominantly upon domain 1: illicit uses, with little attention to domain 3: therapeutic Uses. Decreasing attention is provided to the estimates of annual requirements system, under which global opioid access to opioids is documented as inadequate.

Conclusions

The INCB must consider how improving availability of therapeutic opioids could reduce widespread suffering safely and effectively. Urgent international and national action is required to improve methods of accurately estimating population-level needs for opioids for all therapeutic requirements. Fears of illicit production or use should not limit the prospects of accessing appropriate therapeutic opioids where the majority of the world, today, have no realistic access.
Implementation of Missouri Mathematics Project Learning Model on Mathematical Learning Achievement Reviewed From Prior Knowledge
Authors: Aulia Fikri , Faizata Bilqis Nur , Utami Wikan Budi , Rokhman M Shaefur
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine whether there are differences in mathematics learning achievement in students who use the Missouri Mathematics Project model and students who use the direct learning model in terms of initial abilities. The study population was conducted in class VII students of SMP Negeri 19 Tegal in the 2018/2019 school year. Sampling using cluster random sampling. Calculation of normality test, homogeneity, and one-way ANOVA test shows that the sample is normally distributed, homogeneous and has an equal sample. Before the hypothesis test, the hypothesis prerequisite test is normality and homogeneity. From the calculations, the samples are normally distributed and homogeneous. Testing continues using the RAK, from the statistical results, there are differences in mathematics learning achievement among students who are taught using the Missouri Mathematics Project model and students who use the direct learning model in terms of initial ability
Implementasi Project Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Keterampilan Menulis Siswa SMP Taman Dewasa Jetis
Authors: Ermawati Ermawati , Widowati Widowati
Published: May 2020

This study aims to describe learning activities and writing skills through Project Based Learning. The subjects of this study were students of class VII-I Junior High School at Taman Dewasa Jetis. Classroom action research was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The source of data in this class action research is the process of learning description text and fantasy narrative texts and documents. Data collection is done through observation techniques, documentation (field notes, student lists, student grades, lesson plans, student test results, and photographs), and tests. Data analysis techniques using the Miles and Huberman techniques. The application of Project Based Learning procedures includes: asking questions; make a plan; arrange scheduling; monitor project creation; conduct an assessment; and evaluation. The results of student activities in learning have increased, as well as writing skills also showed an increase.
Upaya Meningkatkan Disiplin Guru Dalam Kehadiran Mengajar di Kelas Melalui Penerapan Buku Pratinjau di SMKN 2 Gedangsari Kabupaten Gunungkidul
Authors: Supiningsih Supiningsih
Published: May 2020

This study aims to reduce empty hours at school, reduce the number of teachers who are coming late to school, reduce the number of teachers who coming late for class. The reseacher subjects were 56 teachers at Gedangsari Vocational School. The object of the study was the monitoring of teachers coming to school and entering the classroom by applying the “Buku Pratinjau”. The method of this research is School Action Research using two cycles on an ongoing basis. Data collection techniques using observation and documentation. The results of the study are the application of the”Buku Pratinjau” can improve the performance of teachers in SMKN 2 Gedangsari indicated by an increase in teachers coming to school from the initial condition of 33 remaining 6 teachers. As well as an increase in teachers entering the classroom from the initial condition of 24 remaining 6 teachers are late.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Siswa Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Explicit Instruction
Authors: Wilasih May , Kisworini Sri Umi
Published: May 2020

Rendahnya pemahaman, minat, dan adanya kesulitan siswa dalam menguasai materi Pencatatan dan Penilaian Dalam Persediaan Bisnis Ritel (PPDBR) di Kelas XII Jurusan Bisnis Daring dan Pemasaran (BDP) Semester Gasal Tahun 2018/2019 di SMK Negeri 2 Magelang menyebabkan rendahnya capaian kompetensi siswa. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi apakah penerapan model pembelajaran explicit instruction dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan kompetensi siswa terhadap materi PPDBR. Peningkatan pemahaman dan kompetensi siswa diukur berdasarkan jumlah siswa kompeten. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa Kelas XII Jurusan BDP-2 Semester Gasal Tahun 2018/2019 di SMK Negeri 2 Magelang. PTK ini terdiri atas 3 tahap, yaitu pra siklus, siklus 1, dan siklus 2. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah siswa yang kompeten setelah penerapan model pembelajaran explicit instruction, yaitu dari 5,71% (2 siswa) pada pra siklus, meningkat menjadi 42,86% (15 siswa) pada siklus 1, dan meningkat menjadi 82,86% (29 siswa). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran explicit instruction terbukti mampu meningkatkan kompetensi siswa. Penerapan model tersebut juga mampu meningkatkan keaktifan, kerjasama, dan ketrampilan siswa, dan sebagian besar siswa senang dengan penerapan model tersebut. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa model pembelajaran explicit instruction layak diterapkan pada materi-materi pembelajaran lainnya.
Enabling Environment for Early Childhood Development: A Narrative Study of Preschools in Nepal
Authors: Subedi Ramila , Shrestha Milan
Published: May 2020

At present, creating environment for Early Childhood Development (ECD) has been given a great emphasis in Nepal’s educational context.  However, a number of challenges are often narrated by the school leaders and teachers in creating environment to facilitate development of the children. Hence, this paper aims at exploring what experiences the preschools have assembled in course of creating environment for ECD.  The paper is based on narrative inquiry where a teacher and two school leaders from three different institutional preschools of Kathmandu Valley were selected purposively as research participants for in-depth interview. Then, this study explored that school leaders and teacher were having a tough time for creating environment expected to support ECD though they narrated their awareness about the discourse.  These challenges were narrated to have been occurred basically because of infrastructural constraints and divergent attitude of parents regarding how their children had to be learning at school.  Moreover, lack of competent human resource to induce atmosphere for development of children was also recounted.  Hence, the study implies collaborative environment between school leaders, teachers and parents to be created by school leaders to encourage teachers to adopt instructional strategies for strengthening atmosphere of ECD.
A Revision of Kola Babarinde's Stance on Value Statements In Education
Authors: Baruwa Ikeoluwapo B.
Published: May 2020

The place of value statements in education cannot be undermined and should consequently not be overemphasized. Value statements have been characterized to be part of most educational discussions and writings, however, its centrality should not be hindered (rather worked on) as conceived and supported by some philosophers, as against the logical positivists or empiricists who considered it to be a mere expression of thoughts. As the popular saying is, when the purpose of a thing is not known, abuse becomes inevitable; this paper seeks a revision of Kola Babarinde’s stance on value statements in education, and further emphasizes the position value plays in the contemporary schools.
Response of 25 Hybrid Maize Against Salinity Stress and Their Performance in Coastal Area
Authors: Gustian Meko , Rustikawati Rustikawati , Widodo Widodo , Herison Catur
Published: May 2020

Plant stress due to NaCl compound will have an impact on the reduction of plant growth and yield.  Tolerant varieties are required  to increase plant production in coastal areas since these areas are closely related to salinity.  This study aimed to (1) determine the appropriate NaCl concentration for saline tolerance in maize stress selection, (2) determine the response of maize plant to salinity stress in nutrient culture, and (3) determine the response of new hybrid maize having adaptibility in coastal area.  Two experiments were run from November 2017 until May 2018. The first experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Laboratory of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture University of Bengkulu  to determine the tolerance response of 25 new hybrid maize to salinity in nutrient culture.  The second experiment was conducted on the coastal areas in Beringin Raya Village, Muarabangkahulu District, Bengkulu City to determine the response of new hybrid maize having adaptibility in a coastal areas.  The concentration of  NaCl at which level the LC50 was determined was found to be in 150 mM. This concentration was then used to test the tolerance of 25 new hybrid maize to NaCl stress.  The hybrids of CT18, CT19, CT22, CT25, CT31, CT33, CT34, CT40, CT47, and  CT50 showed good responses to the concentration treatment  of 150 mM NaCl based on plant fresh weight and shoot dry weight. The hybrids of CT17,CT19, and CT20 showed good adaptibility on coastal area based on the length of cob, diameter of cob, seed weight per cob, and cob weight per plant.  Among those three hybrids, CT17 and CT20 resulted low fresh weight and low shoot dry weight.  The factors other than NaCl in coastal area maybe affect better response. However, CT19 proved as a hybrid which was consistently in a good response to salinity stress both in nutrient culture and in coastal growing area.
STRUCTURE OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF FISHERMEN HOUSEHOLD IN SOUTH KAUR SUBDISTRICT KAUR DISTRICT
Authors: Sumantri Bambang , Suryanty Melli , Susanti Reki
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine the structure of fishermen household income and expenditure. This research was conducted in March-April 2018 in Sekunyit Village. Research location is determined by purposive with Sekunyit consideration that in the village is one of the fishing villages in the Kaur district. Data processed using analysis of receipts and expenditures of households. The results showed the average amount of fisherman household income in Sekunyit Village was Rp. 8,606,594,59 / month. Revenue from the capture fisheries sector contributed the most (82.08%) to the fishermen household income. Meanwhile, the average expenditure of a fisherman's household in Sekunyit Village is Rp. 3,980,499 / month , where 69.24% was used to finance the capture fisheries business sector.
The Best Forecasting Model For Cassava Price
Authors: Yuristia Rahmi , Apriyanto Dodi , Sukiyono Ketut
Published: May 2020

This study aims to analyze and select the most accurate forecasting for predicting cassava prices in Indonesia. The data used is monthly data during the period of 2009 to 2017. This predicting uses the forecasting model, such as Moving Average, Exponential Smoothing, and Decomposition. Selecting the models found by comparing the smallest values of MAPE, MAD, and MSD. Therefore, it concluded that the Moving Average model is the most appropriate to Forecasting the price of cassava. Keywords : Selection, Forecasting model, cassava, prices
How morphology impacts reading and spelling: Advancing the role of morphology in models of literacy development
Authors: Levesque Kyle , Breadmore Helen , Deacon Helene
Published: May 2020

A defining feature of language lies in its capacity to represent meaning across oral and written forms. Morphemes, the smallest units of meaning in a language, are the fundamental building blocks that encode meaning, and morphological skills enable their effective use in oral and written language. Increasing evidence indicates that morphological skills are linked to literacy outcomes, including word reading, spelling, and reading comprehension. Despite this evidence, the precise ways in which morphology influences the development of children’s literacy skills remains largely underspecified in theoretical models of reading and spelling development. In this paper, we draw on the extensive empirical evidence base in English to explicitly detail how morphology might be integrated into models of reading and spelling development. In doing so, we build on the perspective that morphology is multidimensional in its support of literacy development. The culmination of our efforts is the Morphological Pathways Framework—an adapted framework that illuminates precise mechanisms by which morphology impacts word reading, spelling, and reading comprehension. Through this framework, we bring greater clarity and specificity on how the use of morphemes in oral and written language supports the development of children’s literacy skills. We also highlight gaps in the literature, revealing important areas to focus future research to improve theoretical understanding. Furthermore, this paper provides valuable theoretical insight that will guide future empirical inquiries in identifying more precise morphological targets for intervention, which may have widespread implications for informing literacy practices in the classroom and educational policies more broadly.
Proposal for a Random-based Algorithm to Solve Data-fitting Problems
Authors: Gambirasio Giorgio
Published: May 2020

This preprint is a complement to a preceding article. Since error-squaring exaggerates the influence of outliers in the linear least square method, a more natural procedure to avoid mutual cancellation of errors would be taking absolute values of errors instead. However, such a choice would prevent using differential calculus. It is then suggested that calculus be replaced by an algorithm which selects the best line from a set of random-generated lines. The proposal has been tested with an experimental algorithm written in Python language and found to work well.
Enlightening Point of View Based on Potassium Channel “Origami Windmill” Model
Authors: sun zuodong
Published: May 2020

Applying the K+ channel origami windmill model principle, the whole process of action potential generation of nerve fiber cells and cardiomyocytes is explained reasonably. Its core view is: cell action potential decline phase, dominated by influx of potassium ions. This is contrary to the core idea of the traditional theory—ionic theory. According to ionic theory, cell action potential decline phase, dominated by outflow of K+ ions.In the face of such two opposing views, the author traces back to the source, combing and commenting on the basic theoretical research on the production mechanism of cell bioelectricity generation and the results of classical basic experiments. And a series of enlightening viewpoints are produced：1. Ionic theory has its preexistence deficiency; 2. There are principle defects in GHK equation and H-H equation; 3. Ion channels may “same direction sharing”; 4. Sodium-potassium pumps, calcium pumps and so on May not exist.The thesis's Point is falsifiable. If “cell action potential decline stage, dominated by outflow of K+ ions” can be proved, all the points in this paper will not be true. On the contrary, the series of enlightening views in this paper will inevitably lead to a revolution in the field of life science. The viewpoint of this paper is not only closely related to the causes of human major diseases, treatment principles and methods, but also may have a profound impact on the future research direction of life science researchers.So the author suggests that scholars in the field of life science should re sort out the existing bioelectricity knowledge system—eliminate the false, save the true and clear the source, especially focusing on the papers published by Hodgkin and Huxley in 1952; At the same time, it is necessary to reevaluate the scientificity and scientific value of membrane theory, ionic theory, GHK equation and H-H equation, and put forward new theories based on Bernstein membrane theory, and establishing a new mathematical model of cell action potential.
How teachers form educational expectations for students: a comparative factorial survey experiment in three institutional contexts
Authors: Geven Sara , Wiborg Øyvind N. , Fish Rachel , van de Werfhorst Herman Gerbert
Published: May 2020

While schools are thought to use meritocratic criteria when evaluating students, research indicates that teachers hold lower expectations for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. However, it is unclear what the unique impact is of specific student traits on teacher expectations, as different traits are often correlated to one another in real life. Moreover, research has neglected the role of the institutional context, yet tracking procedures, financial barriers to education, and institutionalized cultural beliefs may influence how teachers form expectations. We conducted a factorial survey experiment in three contexts that vary with respect to these institutional characteristics (The United States, New York City; Norway, Oslo; the Netherlands, Amsterdam). We asked elementary school teachers to express expectations for hypothetical students whose characteristics were experimentally manipulated. Teachers in the different contexts used the same student traits when forming expectations, yet varied in the importance they attached to these traits. In Amsterdam – where teachers track students on the basis of their performance and tracking bears significant consequences for educational careers – we found a large impact of student performance. In Oslo – where institutions show an explicit commitment to equality of educational opportunity – teachers based their expectations less on student effort, and seemed to make more inferences about student performance by a student’s socio-economic background.
Rancangan Sistem Informasi Keuangan Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Industri
Authors: Fadillah Mochammad Rifky
Published: May 2020

Information systems are starting to become an important requirement in our daily lives. This is proven because its function is very useful in doing work. In this case, the use of information systems that can facilitate the activities of organizations such as the Student Association in order to maximize organizational goals. The information system design was developed using software Microsoft Access because of its easy use. In addition, the design is also carried out using diagrams that are made from the work of the information system to be developed.
A Historical Review of Publication Bias
Authors: Marks-Anglin Arielle , Chen Yong
Published: May 2020

Publication bias is a well-known threat to the validity of meta-analyses and, more broadly, the reproducibility of scientific findings. When policies and recommendations are predicated on an incomplete evidence-base, it undermines the goals of evidence-based decision-making. Great strides have been made in the last fifty years to understand and address this problem, including calls for mandatory trial registration and the development of statistical methods to detect and correct for publication bias. We offer an historical account of seminal contributions by the evidence synthesis community, with an emphasis on the parallel development of graph-based and selection model approaches. We also draw attention to current innovations and opportunities for future methodological work.
The Sum of All Fears: Comparing Networks Based on Symptom Sum-Scores
Authors: Haslbeck Jonas M B , Ryan Oisín , Dablander Fabian
Published: May 2020

Researchers are often interested in comparing statistical network models estimated across groups that are defined by the sum-score of the modeled variables. A prominent example is an analysis that compares networks of individuals with and without a diagnosis of a certain disorder. Recently, several authors suggested that this practice may lead to invalid inferences by introducing Berkson's bias. In this paper, we show that whether bias is present or not depends on which research question one aims to answer. We review five possible research questions one may have in mind when they separately estimate network models in groups that are based on sum-scores. For each research question we provide an illustration with a bivariate example and discuss the exact nature of the bias, if present. We show that if one is indeed interested in the network models of the groups defined by the sum-score, no bias is introduced. However, if one is interested in the network model in the general population, differences across groups defined by a variable other than the sum-score, detecting population heterogeneity, or inferring direct causal relations, then bias will be introduced in most situations. Finally, we discuss for each research question how bias can be avoided.
Correlates of hallucinatory experiences in the general population: an international multi-site replication study
Authors: Moseley Peter , Aleman Andre , Allen Paul , Bell Vaughan , Bless Josef , Bortolon Catherine , Cella Matteo , Garrison Jane , Hugdahl Kenneth , Kozáková Eva , Laroi Frank , Smailes David , Say Nicolas , Moffatt Jamie A. , Suzuki Mimi , Toh Wei Lin , Woodward Todd , Zaytseva Yuliya , Rossell Susan , Fernyhough Charles
Published: May 2020

Hallucinatory experiences (HEs) can occur in both clinical and non-clinical groups. However, previous studies of the general population that have investigated cognitive mechanisms underlying HEs have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we ran a large-scale preregistered multi-site study, in which general population participants (N = 1394, across 11 data collection sites and online) completed assessments of HEs and source memory, dichotic listening, backwards digit span and auditory signal detection tasks, plus a measure of adverse childhood experiences. We found that HEs were associated with a higher false alarm rate on the signal detection task and a greater number of reported adverse childhood experiences, but not with any of the other cognitive measures employed. These findings are an important step in improving reproducibility in hallucinations research and suggest that the replicability of some findings regarding cognition in clinical samples need to be investigated.
Experience and Maturation: The Contribution of Co-occurrence Regularities in Language to the Development of Semantic Organization
Authors: Savic Olivera , Unger Layla , Sloutsky Vladimir
Published: May 2020

With development knowledge becomes organized according to semantic links, including early-developing associative (e.g., juicy–apple) and gradually-developing taxonomic links (e.g., apple–pear). Word co-occurrence regularities may foster these links: Associative links may form from direct co-occurrence (e.g., juicy–apple), and taxonomic links from shared co-occurrence (e.g., apple and pear co-occur with juicy). Four experiments (2017-2020) investigated this possibility with 4-8-year-olds (N=148, 82 female) and adults (N=116, 35 female) in a US city with 58.6\% White; 29.0\% Black, and 5.8\% Asian demographics. Results revealed earlier development of the abilities to form direct (ds$>$0.536) than the abilities to form shared co-occurrence-based links (ds$>$1.291). We argue that the asynchronous development of abilities to form co-occurrence-based links may explain developmental changes in semantic organization.
Children hear more about what is atypical than what is typical
Authors: Bergey Claire , Morris Benjamin , Yurovsky Daniel
Published: May 2020

How do children learn the typical features of objects in the world? For many objects, this information must come from the language they hear. However, language does not veridically reflect the world: People are more likely to talk about atypical features (e.g., "purple carrot") than typical features (e.g., "orange carrot"). Does the speech children hear from their parents also overrepresent atypical features? We examined the typicality of adjectives produced by parents in a large, longitudinal corpus of parent-child interaction. Across nearly 2000 unique adjective–noun pairs, we found parents’ adjectives predominantly mark atypical features of objects, although parents of very young children are relatively more likely to comment on typical features as well. We then used vector space models to show that learning the typical features of common categories from linguistic input alone is challenging even with sophisticated statistical inference techniques.
An introduction to the emotional impact modeling method of an event
Authors: ZAARAOUI hind
Published: May 2020

This study develops a new way to model the emotional impact on a particular individual (person,group,...) that may have feelings, to any event or any information. The significance of an event or aninformation depends on the person undergoing it. Each person reacts emotionally differently to a samesituation in terms of intensity and/or type of emotion. A particular same event is therefore perceivedsubjectively different by each individual. The reason is that each person has his own personality, hisown experience, his own history, his own education and tradition ...In this study, we assume that all the Events / Information have common interpretable points relativeto each individual: Who is in the event ?, What is done? When it is done? Where it is done?How often/much it is done? Why it is done? and How it is done? Each element of the vector[Who; What; When; Where; How Much; Why; How] will be called as an emotional stimulus andwill be mathematically modeled relatively to the studied individual. These stimuli, interpreted differentlyby each individual, will be the starting point for the creation of emotions at different intensities. Theobjective of this study is to mathematically link these different stimuli to the intensity of the resultingemotions following an event relatively to an individual.
Estimating Group Differences in Network Models using Moderation Analysis
Authors: Haslbeck Jonas M B
Published: May 2020

Statistical network models such as the Gaussian Graphical Model and the Ising model have become popular tools to analyze multivariate psychological data sets. In many applications the goal is to compare such network models across groups. In this paper I introduce a method to estimate differences in network models across groups that is based on moderation analysis. This method is attractive because it allows to make comparisons across more than two groups within a single model, and because it is implemented for all commonly used cross-sectional network models. Next to introducing the method, I evaluate the performance of the proposed method and existing approaches in a simulation study. Finally, I provide a fully reproducible tutorial on how to use the moderation method to compare a network model across three groups using the R-package mgm.
Looking, liking and locating: aesthetic experiences shape spatial representations
Authors: Babo-Rebelo Mariana , Chatel Marie , Tabacchi Serena , Namiq Allen , Travers Eoin , James Kadine , Haggard Patrick
Published: May 2020

Episodic autobiographical memories are characterized by a spatial context and an affective component. But how do affective and spatial aspects interact? Does affect modulate the way we encode the spatial context of events? We investigated how one element of affect, namely aesthetic liking, modulates memory for location, in three online experiments (n=124, 79, 80). Participants visited a professionally-curated virtual art exhibition. They then relocated previously-viewed artworks on the museum map, and reported how much they liked them. Across all experiments, liking an artwork was associated with increased ability to recall the wall on which it was hung. The effect was not explained by viewing time and appeared to modulate recognition speed. The liking-wall memory effect remained when participants attended to abstractness, rather than liking, and when testing occurred 24 hours after the museum visit. Liking also modulated memory for the room where an artwork was hung, but this effect primarily involved reduced room memory for disliked artworks. Further, the liking-wall memory effect remained after controlling for effects of room memory. Recalling the wall requires recalling one’s facing direction, so our findings suggest that positive aesthetic experiences enhance first-person spatial representations. More generally, a first-person component of positive affect transfers to wider spatial representation and facilitates the encoding of locations in a subject-centred reference frame. Affect and spatial representations are therefore important, and linked, elements of sentience and subjectivity. Memories of aesthetic experiences are also spatial memories of how we encountered an artwork. This linkage may have implications for museum design.
Inducing preference reversals by manipulating revealed preferences
Authors: Balakrishnan Harish , Jagga Shobhit , Srivastava Nisheeth
Published: May 2020

It is currently difficult to test the validity of existing explanations for the emergence of context-dependent preference reversals. This is because these explanations are generally placed at the level of the process of evidence accumulation, and across experimental paradigms, this process is unobservable. In this paper, we propose a new experimental paradigm for eliciting preference reversals, wherein the process of evidence accumulation is significantly observable. Over a series of experiments, we successfully induce preference reversals for arbitrary stimuli by showing participants sequences of stimuli comparisons with pre-determined outcomes. Our findings partially support the view that context-sensitive assimilation of a history of ordinal comparisons is sufficient to explain classic context effects.
Goals and functions of public argumentation
Authors: Zenker Frank , van Laar Jan Albert , Abreu Pedro , Bengtsson Mette , Castro Paula , Danka Istvan , De Cock Barbara , Novaes Catharina Duthil , Farine Lea , Gata Anca , Greco Sara , Grossi Davide , Jolić Tvrtko , Lanius David , Lewinski Marcin , Lumer Christoph , Lupkowski Pawel , Mohammed Dima , Oswald Steve , Pichlak Maciej , Rast Erich , Ritola Juho , Rodríguez-Alcázar Javier , Sadek Karim , Scott Blake , Stojanovic Isidora , Tindale Christopher , Urbanski Mariusz , Wagemans Jean H.M.
Published: May 2020

This position paper of Working Group 2 of the European Network for Argumentation and Public Policy Analysis (COST Action CA17132; https://publicpolicyargument.eu) reviews goals and functions of public argumentation. Drawing on a variety of disciplines, the paper introduces basic distinctions and charts out options. It is meant to guide reflection on the conceptual basis for the Action’s subsequent research regarding the analysis, evaluation, and design of public argumentation.
Obat Aborsi Kebumen ( Asli ) 082314597755 Klinik Jual Obat Penggugur Kandungan Di Kebumen
Authors: kitaaberdua
Published: May 2020

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