bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire: Evaluating factor structures and establishing measurement invariance with Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Black, and White American college men
Authors: Goel Neha J. , Burnette Carolyn Blair , Weinstock Madison , Mazzeo Suzanne E.
Published: March 2022

Objective

This study evaluated the factor structure and invariance of the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) in a sample of Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (n = 163), Black (n = 155), and White (n = 367) American university men.

Method

Twelve different EDE‐Q factor structures reported in the literature were evaluated using multi‐group confirmatory factor analyses, and measurement invariance assessed.

Results

A respecified four‐factor structure proposed by Parker et al. (2016) showed superior fit and was invariant across groups. Significant differences emerged across all latent factors, with small to medium effects. Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander men reported significantly higher scores on factors assessing Appearance Concern, Overvaluation of Shape/Weight, and Eating Concerns, and were more likely to endorse regular objective binge eating (OBE) and fasting episodes than their Black and White peers. Both White and Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander men reported greater dietary restraint than Black men. Among this sample, frequencies of regular compensatory exercise ranged from 10% to 16%, fasting 6% to 14%, and OBEs 1% to 10%.

Discussion

Results provide further support for the use of alternate EDE‐Q factor structures, especially among non‐White men. In this study, Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander men reported the highest levels of ED psychopathology relative to White and Black men, indicating they might be particularly vulnerable to EDs.

Public Significance

This study failed to find support for using the original Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire four‐factor structure to detect disordered eating in Asian, Black, and White American college men. An alternate model proposed by Parker et al. in 2016 may be more appropriate. Asian men also reported the highest levels of eating psychopathology relative to their peers, suggesting they may be at high risk for developing eating disorders.
Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on the benthic invertebrate community in intertidal wetlands
Authors: Lu Kangle , Han Guangxuan , Wu Haitao
Published: March 2022

Exotic species invasions have profound effects on native ecosystems, with the ecological effects of non‐native plants being especially pervasive. We investigated the impacts of a plant invasion on benthic invertebrate assemblages in intertidal wetlands of the Yellow River Delta, comparing benthic communities associated with exotic Spartina alterniflora against those associated with native plants (Tamarix chinensis, Suaeda salsa, and mudflat). Our study surprisingly found that the density, diversity, and richness of benthic invertebrates associated with S. alterniflora were higher than with native habitats. Multivariate analysis also revealed that the structure of benthic invertebrates in S. alterniflora habitats was different than in T. chinensis and mudflat habitats. The structure of invertebrates associated with the invasive S. alterniflora and native S. salsa was more similar, although the dominant species differed. Indicator species analyses indicated that each habitat was characterized by unique taxa. S. alterniflora invasion increased the beta diversity of the community, with the species turnover component being of most importance. Mollusks were most likely to be influenced by Spartina invasions. Given the extent of the S. alterniflora invasion in the Yellow River Delta, altered benthic invertebrate communities will likely have important implications for the ecology of the intertidal wetland ecosystems and deserve increased attention.
Mathematical and functional link convolutional neural network model for optimum design parameter of solar chimney power plant
Authors: Pandey Vivek , Jangir Sunil Kumar , Kumar Manish , Singh Shatakshi , Sharma Chandraprakash , Joshi Nakul
Published: March 2022

Energy is essential to sustain life and development and to fulfill daily requirements. A clean source of energy like the Solar Chimney Power Plant (SCPP) is essential or hybridized with conventional sources to meet the demand. Also, it will provide energy during the night and it will reduce the need and expense of physical batteries in comparison to the photovoltaic energy storage system. In this paper, a mathematical study has been done for the generation of 10 MW power from the SCPP. This paper optimized the core parameter of SCPP such as chimney height and collector radius under different operating conditions. It has been evaluated on the basis of data produced by the developed mathematical model. The current research work highlights the modern application of state‐of‐the‐art Deep Learning (DL) techniques that is, Functional Link Convolutional Neural Network (FLCNN) to map developed mathematical models. The proposed FLCNN is compared with various other Machine Learning algorithms including Support Vector Regression, K‐Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, and Multilayer Perceptron. Proposed FLCNN performed efficiently and achieved 91% and 93% of Adjusted R2 score for predicting values of collector radius and chimney height, respectively, which is comparable to other ML algorithms.
Alexithymia, narcissism and social anxiety in relation to social media and internet addiction symptoms
Authors: Lyvers Michael , Salviani Alessandra , Costan Stephanie , Thorberg Fred Arne
Published: March 2022

There has been considerable interest in trait correlates of excessive or problematic use of the internet, known as internet addiction. However, the concept of internet addiction has been criticised as too broad. Specific forms of excessive internet use, for example, social media, may have different trait correlates compared to internet use in general. The present study compared levels of internet and social media addiction symptoms in relation to three traits previously linked to one or the other form of excessive behaviour: alexithymia, narcissism and social anxiety. There were 217 young adult social media‐ and internet‐using participants aged 18–35 years recruited from two university campuses in southeast Queensland, Australia. They completed an online questionnaire battery that included a demographics questionnaire and widely used, validated measures of narcissism, alexithymia and social anxiety. Hierarchical regressions indicated that after controlling for demographic variables, internet addiction symptoms were predicted by social anxiety, narcissism and alexithymia, whereas social media addiction symptoms were predicted only by social anxiety and narcissism. Results suggest that the association of alexithymia with internet addiction symptoms does not encompass excessive use of social media, and support the contention that the concept of internet addiction may be too broad.
Recognizing and addressing microaggressions in addiction treatment groups: An integrated approach
Authors: Steele Janeé M. , Lee Tiffany K.
Published: March 2022

In this article, the authors draw from multicultural orientation, broaching, and antibias microintervention frameworks to describe an integrated approach to addressing microaggressions during addiction treatment groups. A case study is provided to illustrate the approach and implementation considerations are outlined.
Real‐time three‐dimensional echocardiography and two‐dimensional speckle tracking imaging in the evaluation of left atrial function in patients with triple‐vessel coronary artery disease without myocardial infarction
Authors: Yu Tingting , Cui Hongyan , Chang Wenxing , Li Ying , Cui Xiuxiu , Li Guangsen
Published: March 2022

Objective

To evaluate left atrial function in patients with triple‐vessel disease (TVD) without myocardial infarction by real‐time three‐dimensional echocardiography (RT‐3DE) and two‐dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D‐STE).

Methods

Sixty patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) without myocardial infarction were classified into two groups in accordance with the coronary angiography results: group B (all triple‐vessel stenosis ≥ 50% and < 75%) and group C (all triple‐vessel stenosis ≥ 75%). Thirty healthy individuals were selected as group A. LA volume related parameters including left atrial maximum volume index (LAVImax), LA passive and active ejection fraction (LAPEF, LAAEF) and LA total ejection fraction (LATEF) were measured by RT‐3DE. The global peak atrial longitudinal systolic strain (LASRs), early and late diastolic LA strain (LASRe and LASRa) rates were measured by 2D‐STE.

Results

We found statistically significant differences between 2D‐STE and RT‐3DE related parameters of these three groups. Furthermore, in groups B and C, N‐terminal fragment brain natriuretic peptides (NT‐pro‐BNP) and left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were found to be significantly correlated with LASRs and LASRa. And NT‐pro‐BNP had a moderate correlation with LVEDP.

Conclusions

2D‐STE and RT‐3DE can assess the LA function in patients with TVD without myocardial infarction. And LA strain values may provide additional information for predicting increased LVEDP and NT‐pro‐BNP.
Pilot test of an emerging leaders program for dental school faculty
Authors: Challa Suman , Loomer Peter M. , Hoff Giovannie M. , Hendricson William D.
Published: March 2022

Purpose/Objectives

The School of Dentistry at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSA‐SoD) implemented an SoD Emerging Leaders Program (SoDELP) in 2020–2021. This case report describes the leadership training needs of junior faculty that stimulated SoDELP development, the inter‐institutional collaboration that facilitated program implementation, SoDELP curriculum content, and outcomes of formative assessment for two pilot cohorts of the SoDELP.

Methods

The 32‐h curriculum was comprised of readings, reflection exercises, seminars by the Center for Professional Excellence at the University of Texas at San Antonio, case discussion, analysis of leadership dilemmas, and self‐assessments. For a capstone project, participants created a case depicting a challenging leadership situation they experienced as a team leader or member. The SoDELP commenced in a face‐to‐face format but was completed online due to COVID 19. Formative evaluation included participants’ pre‐ and post‐training perceptions elicited by the Leadership Attitudes, Confidence and Concerns Inventory (LACCI) and qualitative appraisal of program components obtained by surveys and focus groups.

Results

All 18 participants completed SoDELP and provided positive evaluations of program content, organization, teaching quality, and value. Analysis of pre‐ and post‐assessments indicated that participants’ confidence in performing an array of leadership tasks was significantly enhanced, and participants’ concerns about assuming leadership roles, such as not being ready for the job, impact on friendships, or concerns about ethical challenges, were significantly reduced. The LACCI displayed promising reliability in assessing participants’ confidence, attitudes and concerns, demonstrating the potential to serve as a measurement tool to appraise outcomes of leadership training in the health professions.

Conclusion

Outcomes suggest that SoDELP enhances faculty members' sense of readiness for leadership roles, and the LACCI may be a useful assessment tool for leadership training.
The Hirschfeld horoscope: Archival trails and urban subcultures
Authors: Pitkin Rachel
Published: March 2022

This article explores what it means to work with decontextualized or mysterious archival traces within collections that already contain obscured provenance. In particular, it compels us to consider what a single object can tell us about the individual, Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld, and what it can teach us about the larger queer community from which it may have originated. Astrology, the occult, and new forms of spirituality proliferated in Weimar Germany, emerging from the late 19th century psy sciences and evolving within Berlin's urban landscape. The extent to which these occult and alternative pathways held a queer dimension is unknown, but not improbable.
Placenta as a site of HEV replication and inflammatory cytokines modulating the immunopathogenesis of HEV in pregnant women
Authors: Ratho Radha Kanta , Thakur Vikram , Arya Shallu , Singh Mini P , Suri Vanita , Das Ashim
Published: March 2022

Viral hepatitis E is an under‐estimated clinical entity with high mortality (20%–30%), especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. As complications due to hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pregnancy is much greater, it is hypothesized that HEV may cross the placenta and replicate in placental tissues even weeks after clearance from the blood, and cytokines may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of HEV in pregnancy. A total of 12 pregnant women with features of acute viral hepatitis/acute liver failure and positive for either HEV‐immunoglobulin M (IgM)/HEV‐RNA and 30 pregnant women negative for HEV RNA/IgM/immunoglobulin G were enrolled as study subjects and healthy controls, respectively. Following delivery, 5 ml blood was collected from the mother for HEV‐RNA. Replicative RNA and viral load in placental tissue were detected through Real‐Time PCR. Placental tissues from the maternal/fetal sides were stained for HEV antigen using HEV‐open reading frame‐2 antibody by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and for histopathological changes by haematoxylin and eosin. Plasma samples were tested for interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18 cytokine levels using Duo‐R&D ELISA kit, whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to study the inflammasomes and IL‐1β and IL‐18 cytokine genes expression.Of the 10 HEV RNA‐positive sera, 9 had HEV RNA either in the maternal/fetal side of the placenta with the mean viral load of 137.4 IU/ml. Of the 10 HEV RNA‐positive pregnant women, stillbirth in two and fetal and maternal death in one case was reported. IHC revealed strong brownish cytoplasmic staining (HEV antigen) in cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast cells in positive samples. The maternal/fetal side of the infected placenta showed irregular intervillous fibrin deposition as well as tissue necrosis. The mean levels of IL‐1β and IL‐18 cytokines in serum of infected subjects were significantly higher than the healthy controls (17.31 ± 4.462 vs. 8.85 ± 4.36 pg/ml; p < 0.0001*** and 2275 ± 536.9 vs. 1085 ± 531.7 pg/ml; p < 0.0001***), respectively. Detecting replicative HEV RNA and HEV antigen in placental tissues indicated the extra‐hepatic replication of HEV. Furthermore, placental tissue necrosis and significant rise of cytokine levels in HEV‐infected pregnant women might be contributing to the HEV pathogenesis in pregnancy.
Impact of hepatitis B surface antigen positive grafts on liver transplantation in patients with benign and malignant liver disease
Authors: Yu Jiong , Shi Xiaowei , Yu Haiying , Wu Jian , Ma Jing , Dong Siyi , Lu Sen , Zheng Shusen , Li Lanjuan , Xu Xiao , Cao Hongcui
Published: March 2022

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) persists after liver transplantation in almost all patients receiving HBsAg‐positive grafts. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to investigate possible interactions between HBsAg‐positive donors, HCC, HBV‐related transplant indication, and long‐term outcomes. This retrospective study enrolled 1176 patients from two centers between January 2015 and May 2019, of which 135 (11.5%) were HBsAg‐positive and 1041 (88.5%) were HBsAg‐negative donors. Cox regression models were fitted to study the association between variables and patient and graft survival. In univariate and multivariate analyses, the donor HBsAg status was not significantly associated with patient and graft survival in the entire cohort, but there was a significant interaction between HBsAg‐positive donors and HCC, independent of HBV‐related transplant indication. The cumulative incidence of patient and graft survival was significantly lower in the subgroup of HCC recipients receiving HBsAg‐positive grafts, but no significant difference was found in recipients with benign liver disease. In a subgroup analysis of HCC recipients, HBsAg‐positive donors were significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC recurrence (hazard ratio: 1.73; 95% confidence interval: 1.20–2.48; p = 0.003) and similar results were obtained after propensity score matching analysis. We showed excellent outcomes of using HBsAg‐positive grafts in patients with benign liver disease, regardless of HBV‐related transplant indications. However, positive grafts should be used with caution in recipients with HCC, which are associated with an increased risk of HCC recurrence.
Plot‐scale variability of organic carbon in temperate agricultural soils—Implications for soil monitoring#
Authors: Poeplau Christopher , Prietz Roland , Don Axel
Published: March 2022

Background

Detecting changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock requires systematic and random sampling errors to be kept to a minimum. Especially in soil monitoring schemes based on soil profiles pits, it is important to understand if a minimum spatial shift of that profile pit during resampling could render resampling errors caused by spatial variability negligible.

Aims

We aimed at (1) quantifying the random SOC stock error caused by a minimum shift in sampling location of one profile and (2) assessing whether an increase in the number of profile pits to three could significantly decrease the resampling error caused by spatial variability of the relevant parameters.

Methods

Eight croplands and grasslands in northeast Germany were sampled. Three sampling designs were compared: one profile resampled (1) by one, (2) by three profiles or (3) three profiles resampled by three. In addition, 16 soil cores were taken per site to characterise overall plot‐scale heterogeneity and assess general patterns of spatial dependence of relevant parameters.

Results

Spatial dependence of all assessed parameters was weak. Accordingly, the resampling of one profile by one induced a high mean absolute error of 5.1 and 7.6 Mg C ha–1 at a 0–30 cm depth for croplands and grasslands (7.5% and 8.5%). This error was reduced by approximately 50% when three profiles were resampled by three profiles.

Conclusions

Even with the smallest spatial shifts possible, monitoring of SOC stocks relies on replicated resampling to detect management or climate change‐induced trends in reasonable and relevant timescales.
Finite nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in hepatitis B e antigen‐negative chronic hepatitis B: From an “option” to an “active recommendation”
Authors: Liaw Yun‐Fan , Chien Rong‐Nan
Published: March 2022

Nucleos(t)ide analogue (Nuc) including entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and tenofovir alafenamide may suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA profoundly but have no direct action on covalently closed circular DNA, which is a very stable template for HBV production. Therefore, decades of long‐term Nuc therapy are required to maintain HBV suppression and to achieve hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative patients. However, there are concerns including financial burden, adherence, and willingness for indefinite long‐term Nuc therapy. Patients lost to follow‐up and hence not monitored may risk severe relapse that may deteriorate to hepatic decompensation or even hepatic failure. Cessation of Nuc therapy in HBeAg‐negative patients was initially considered in early 2000s. Earlier findings in Asian patients that finite Nuc therapy over 2–3 years is feasible and safe have founded Asian‐Pacific Association for the Study of Liver stopping rule since 2008. Subsequent studies have confirmed the feasibility and safety of the strategy of finite Nuc therapy, which has finally been accepted as “an option” by American and European liver associations since 2016. More recent large studies since 2018 have further confirmed the pivotal finding of greatly increased HBsAg loss rate (~5‐year 39%) after stopping Nuc therapy. With the high HBsAg loss rate as the main justification, the paradigm shift from indefinite long‐term therapy to finite Nuc therapy in HBeAg‐negative patients has been changing from an “option” to an “active recommendation” aiming to achieve HBsAg loss. More studies are needed to fine‐tuning the strategy, including research for the optimal duration of consolidation therapy, timing to stop, and to start retreatment.
A study on optimization of anode groundbeds for cathodic protection of deep well casings based on the boundary element method
Authors: Zhao Qian , Du Yanxia , Zhuang Dawei , Li Qiongwei , Wang Xiaoyong
Published: March 2022

As a kind of basic facility in oil and gas exploitation, the deep well casing is often subjected to corrosion. Cathodic protection (CP) is an important technology to mitigate the corrosion of the deep well casing. However, the casing works in a deep well thousands of meters deep underground and passes through different stratigraphic structures with various soil environments. Besides this,  in a casing well group including multiple casings, there are interactions between different casings. These problems make it difficult to design the anode groundbeds for the CP of the deep well casings and evaluate the effectiveness of CP system. Therefore, the optimization of anode groundbeds for CP of deep well casings was studied based on the boundary element method in this paper. The polarization behaviors of steel casing in different depths were measured in the field. And then the mathematical model for the CP of the deep well casing was built based on the geometric structure of casing, stratified soil resistivity, and polarization characteristics. The optimum design parameters of anode groundbeds for casing CP were explored by a numerical simulation with the boundary element method to provide a reference for the design and evaluation of CP systems for deep well casings.
Alexa, what do we know about conversational commerce? Insights from a systematic literature review
Authors: Lim Weng Marc , Kumar Satish , Verma Sanjeev , Chaturvedi Rijul
Published: March 2022

Conversational agents are systems with human‐like features that can be deployed in service settings and are fast emerging as the future of online commerce. Considering the importance and proliferation of conversational commerce, it is opportune to take stock of the field's research from a bird's eye view to guide understanding of its current and future progress. In this regard, the goal of this study is to review the performance and intellectual structure of conversational commerce. To do so, this study conducts a comprehensive and systematic review of 722 publications on conversational commerce using the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews protocol and a collection of bibliometric analysis techniques consisting of performance analysis and science mapping (e.g., content analysis, keyword co‐occurrence analysis, and bibliographic coupling). In doing so, this study reveals the performance (e.g., publication and citation trends, and top sources, publications, and authors) and the major theories and themes in the intellectual structure of the field. The study concludes with a conceptual framework depicting the constructs (e.g., antecedents, mediators, moderators, consequences, and enablers) of employing conversational agents for commerce and service delivery, as well as suggestions for its future research.
Dynamic evaluation of the technological innovation capability of patent‐intensive industries in China
Authors: Li Jinqiu , Zou Yuyou , Li Mingqiu
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a dynamic comprehensive evaluation method for evaluating the technological innovation capability of patent‐intensive industries. China's 15 industries were selected to evaluate their technological innovation capabilities from 2007 to 2018. Then, static and dynamic evaluation results were achieved, showing that the technological innovation capability of these industries developed steadily and presented an overall increasing trend. The rate of change is generally on the rise, but there are significant differences in the growth rate of different industries. Finally, this paper put forward some suggestions to improve the technological innovation capability of China's patent‐intensive industries.
Effective brain network analysis in unilateral and bilateral upper limb exercise training in subjects with stroke
Authors: Xu Gongcheng , Huo Congcong , Yin Jiahui , Li Wenhao , Xie Hui , Li Xiangyang , Li Zengyong , Wang Yonghui , Wang Daifa
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Knowing the patterns of brain activation that occur and networks involved under different interventions is important for motor recovery in subjects with stroke. This study aimed to study the patterns of brain activation and networks in two interventions, affected upper limb side and bilateral exercise training, using concurrent functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging.

Methods

Thirty‐two patients in the early subacute stage were randomly divided into two groups: unilateral and bilateral groups. The patients in the unilateral group underwent isokinetic muscle strength training on the affected upper limb side and patients in the bilateral group underwent bilateral upper limb training. Oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes (ΔHbO2 and ΔHbR, respectively) were recorded in the ipsilateral and contralateral prefrontal cortex (IPFC and CPFC, respectively) and ipsilateral and contralateral motor cortex (IMC and CMC, respectively) by fNIRS equipment in the resting state and training conditions. The phase information of a 0.01–0.08 Hz fNIRS signal was extracted by the wavelet transform method. Dynamic Bayesian inference was adopted to calculate the coupling strength and direction of effective connectivity. The network threshold was determined by surrogate signal method, the global (weighted clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and small‐worldness) and local (degree, betweenness centrality, and local efficiency) network metrics were calculated. The degree of cerebral lateralization was also compared between the two groups.

Results

The results of covariance analysis showed that, compared with bilateral training, the coupling effect of CMC → IMC was significantly enhanced (p = 0.03); also, the local efficiency of the IMC (p = 0.01), IPFC (p < 0.001), and CPFC (p = 0.006) and the hemispheric autonomy index of IPFC (p = 0.007) were significantly increased in unilateral training. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the coupling intensity of the inter‐hemispheric motor area and the shifted local efficiency.

Conclusions

The results indicated that unilateral upper limb training could more effectively promote the interaction and balance of bilateral motor hemispheres and help brain reorganization in the IMC and prefrontal cortex in stroke patients. The method provided in this study could be used to evaluate dynamic brain activation and network reorganization under different interventions, thus improving the strategy of rehabilitation intervention in a timely manner and resulting in better motor recovery.
Estimating relative diglyceride to triglyceride content with localized MRS at 3 T
Authors: Saive Elliot , Fairgrieve‐Park Logan , Yahya Atiyah
Published: March 2022

It has been previously shown that the MRS sequence stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM; mixing time, TM  = 20 ms) with an echo time (TE) of 100 ms resolves triglyceride glycerol resonances from that of water at 3 T. The purpose of this work is to determine if STEAM with a TE of 100 ms facilitates relative quantification of diglyceride/triglyceride levels at 3 T. Spectra were obtained from tricaprylin (triglyceride) and dicaprylin (diglyceride) with a range of STEAM TE values (TM = 20 ms). TE values that resulted in two resolved glycerol resonances for triglycerides (rendering them suitable for distinguishing triglyceride contributions from those of diglycerides) were selected. One resonance resides in the 3.85–4.2 ppm spectral range (overlapping the 1,3‐diglyceride resonance) and the other in the 4.2–4.6 ppm spectral range (overlapping one of the 1,2‐diglyceride resonances). STEAM with TE values of 40 ms and 100 ms (TM = 20 ms) yielded two resolvable triglyceride resonances (tricaprylin phantom), at about 4 ppm and 4.4 ppm. Direct integration of the resonances showed that the former peak has 0.86 and 0.17 times the area of the latter for TE = 40 ms and 100 ms, respectively. Spectra obtained from the phantoms containing mixtures of diglyceride (1,3‐dicaprylin) and triglyceride (tricaprylin) were acquired. The triglyceride contribution to the 4 ppm glycerol resonance, a mixture of signal from 1,3‐diglyceride and triglyceride, can be approximated from the area of the 4.4 ppm peak, resulting in an estimate of the 1,3‐diglyceride contribution. Analysis was performed for STEAM TE = 40 ms and TE = 100 ms spectra acquired from phantoms with 1,3‐dicaprylin/tricaprylin weight/weight contents of 2.5%/97.5%, 5%/95%, 10%/90% and 20%/80%. Concentration ratios of 1,3‐dicaprylin/tricaprylin estimated with both STEAM TE values resulted in linear correlations with expected concentration ratios (R2 > 0.99).
A rapid imaging method of the seismic back‐scattered wavefield for urban road near‐surface anomalous structures
Authors: Lu Xinglin , Hu Xuquan , Luo Chaopeng , Xu Zhengyu , Liao Xian , Liu Longhuan , Fu Zhihong
Published: March 2022

Urban road near‐surface anomalous structures are buried at shallow depths (≦20 m) and small scale. Current geophysical methods, such as the transient electromagnetic, ground‐penetrating radar and shallow seismic methods with reflection wave, refraction wave and Rayleigh surface wave, do not provide sufficient detection accuracy for near‐surface anomalous structures. Although the back‐scattered method is promising in this task, it still needs improvement. This paper proposes an efficient near‐surface seismic back‐scattered method to realize the rapid lateral imaging of urban road anomalous structures. The proposed method uses a principal component analysis algorithm to directly extract the anomalous structure information. It does not require the knowledge of parameters such as velocity or the seismic wavelet so that the solutions are not affected by these parameters. Moreover, the proposed method retains the high transverse resolution of the back‐scattered wavefield and does not lose the wavefield information. Simulation and experimental operation show that the proposed method is very efficient. Combined with the hardware equipment provided by the towed seismograph, the proposed method can realize rapid detection and data imaging, which has a high engineering application value.
PFAS Messaging: How to Communicate With Your Stakeholders
Authors: Mortvedt Nancy , Weisz Izzy
Published: March 2022

In a time of heightened concern around water safety and environmental crises, effective communication starts with an appropriate messaging strategy. Talking to water customers, community members, and the media about contaminants such as per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is an important responsibility that is on the horizon for water providers, if it hasn't already come up.
Pack a One‐Two Punch Against Lead
Authors: Fiske Peter S.
Published: March 2022

An Ohio utility successfully optimized its water quality to reduce disinfection byproducts and lead.
Staging surgery for intraventricular bilateral giant Rosai–Dorfman disease in children
Authors: Zhang Jiyin , Li Dapeng , Cheng Ran , Zhang Nan , Ni Xin , Ge Ming
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is an uncommon, benign, and idiopathic histiocytic proliferative disorder. Multiple intracranial RDD is extremely rare and treatment varies.

Case presentation

A 9‐year‐old girl was admitted with 3‐month history of blurred vision and facial paralysis, a 2‐month history of recurrent giggle, and cognitive impairment. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed bilateral ventricular masses based on the dural membrane and the diameters of the masses were 9.1 cm and 9.2 cm, respectively. The lesions were completely removed with staging surgeries. Fifteen months after operation, blurred vision was still present but facial paralysis and giggle and cognitive impairment disappeared. Imaging examinations suggested that there were no new or recurring lesions.

Conclusion

For multiple large intracranial masses, surgical treatment is necessary and staged surgery benefits perioperative safety. Active follow‐up with magnetic resonance imaging is necessary.
Optimized sampling to estimate vancomycin drug exposure: Comparison of pharmacometric and equation‐based approaches in a simulation‐estimation study
Authors: Uster David W. , Wicha Sebastian G.
Published: March 2022

Vancomycin dosing should be accompanied by area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC)–guided dosing using model‐informed precision dosing software according to the latest guidelines. Although a peak plus a trough sample is considered the gold standard to determine the AUC, single‐sample strategies might be more economic. Yet, optimal sampling times for AUC determination of vancomycin have not been systematically evaluated. In the present study, automated one‐ or two‐sample strategies were systematically explored to estimate the AUC with a model averaging and a model selection algorithm. Both were compared with a conventional equation‐based approach in a simulation‐estimation study mimicking a heterogenous patient population (n = 6000). The optimal single‐sample timepoints were identified between 2–6.5 h post dose, with varying bias values between −2.9% and 1.0% and an imprecision of 23.3%–24.0% across the population pharmacokinetic approaches. Adding a second sample between 4.5–6.0 h improved the predictive performance (−1.7% to 0.0% bias, 17.6%–18.6% imprecision), although the difference in the two‐sampling strategies were minor. The equation‐based approach was always positively biased and hence inferior to the population pharmacokinetic approaches. In conclusion, the approaches always preferred samples to be drawn early in the profile (<6.5 h), whereas sampling of trough concentrations resulted in a higher imprecision. Furthermore, optimal sampling during the early treatment phase could already give sufficient time to individualize the second dose, which is likely unfeasible using trough sampling.
Selectable Growth and Electronic Structures of Monolayer 1T‐VSe2 and V5Se8 Films on Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Meng Qinghao , Zong Junyu , Tian Qichao , Chen Wang , Xie Xuedong , Yu Fan , Qiu Xiaodong , Wang Kaili , Zhang Yongheng , Wang Pengdong , Li Fang-Sen , Wang Can , Zhang Yi
Published: March 2022

Intercalating magnetic atoms in 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is a feasible route for fabricating 2D magnetic materials. As a 2D‐TMDC, the ground state of monolayer (ML) 1T‐VSe2 should be the charge‐density‐wave state rather than the ferromagnetic state. In this study, magnetism is induced in 1T‐VSe2 via the realization of selectable molecular beam epitaxial growth of both ML 1T‐VSe2 and ML V5Se8 films on a bilayer graphene substrate. The morphologies of the grown 1T‐VSe2 and V5Se8 films are characterized using scanning tunneling microscope, which showed differences in the heights of the domains. Subsequently, combining in situ X‐Ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements, it is determined that the grown V5Se8 film contained 26.7% more V atoms than the 1T‐VSe2 film, thereby confirming the chemical stoichiometry of the created samples. In addition, using in situ angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, the different electronic structures of the ML 1T‐VSe2 and ML V5Se8 films are studied. The results obtained indicate that the method applied is an effective way for realizing selective growth of 1T‐VSe2 or V5Se8 films, while providing significant information on their electronic structure differences, which can aid in investigating the magnetic properties of V5Se8.
Domain Engineering Enabled Giant Linear Electro‐Optic Effect and High Transparency in Ferroelectric KTa1−xNbxO3 Single Crystals
Authors: Shang Annan , Liu Ruijia , Chen Chang-Jiang , Lee Yun‐Goo , Chao Ju-Hung , Zhang Wei , Wetherington Maxwell , Yin Shizhuo
Published: March 2022

A giant linear electro‐optic (EO) effect and high transparency in ferroelectric potassium tantalate niobate [(), KTN] crystal is achieved via a thermally controlled domain engineering method. It involves a two‐step thermal annealing process: 1) a rapid cooling process that forms polar nano‐regions (PNRs), i.e., a cooling rate of from to where is the Curie temperature; and 2) a slow cooling process that facilitates abnormal domain growth (AGG) i.e., a cooling rate of from to . Since PNR can have a faceted boundary and high anisotropy, it can promote AGG within single crystals to realize solid‐state domain conversion macroscopically from a multi‐domain to single‐domain crystal within a slow cooling process. The resultant KTN crystal offers high transparency that is equivalent to its paraelectric phase; and a linear EO coefficient () as large as , which is five times the value of conventional KTN crystals with similar composition. This giant linear EO coefficient represents a major technical advance in EO materials and significantly reduces the driving voltage, power, and footprint of many types of EO devices.
Prediction of the interaction strength of an urea‐based probe toward ions in water by means of Density Functional Theory/Polarizable Continuum Model calculations
Authors: Benda Robert , Vezin Thomas , Lebental Bérengère
Published: March 2022

We study numerically, by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations complemented with an implicit solvation model, a novel chemical probe bearing urea and aromatic phenyl groups. We probe the interaction in water of the latter with a wide variety of ions relevant to water quality. We perform geometry minimizations using PBE0 functional and aug‐cc‐pVDZ basis set, and a polarizable continuum model (PCM) to take into account the aqueous solvent. We underline for the first time several methodological details concerning the definition of thebindingorinteractionenergy, and the basis set superposition error definition in the context of implicit solvation models. We observe two competing interaction modes for this probe: a urea‐enhanced, cation‐πinteraction (with cations only), and hydrogen bonding occurring between the urea group and anions, the former being more favorable than the latter. A Generalized Kohn–Sham Energy Decomposition Analysis (GKS‐EDA) in implicit solvent is performed to analyze the nature of the ions–probe interactions. Magnesium and sodium ions, and respectively glyphosate and hypochlorite ions, are found as the cations (resp. anions) having the largest binding free energies with the probe. This is the first time such an exhaustive study, investigating the selectivity of an organic probe toward a wide variety of ions in water, is carried out in the context of DFT/PCM models. Computer‐aided sensor design needs reliable and efficient methods. Our methodology can be used as a general way to gain a valuable insight into the sensitivity of organic ligands toward a variety of ions or pesticides in water, without the need of an explicit solvent description, but still going beyond the state‐of‐the‐art DFT in vacuo approach. By predicting possible competitive interactions, and understanding their nature, this methodology can thus help to better design functional groups selective to specific targets.
Isotope analysis of human dental calculus δ13CO32−: Investigating a potential new proxy for sugar consumption
Authors: Chidimuro Blessing , Mundorff Amy , Speller Camilla , Radini Anita , Boudreault Noémie , Lucas Mary , Holst Malin , Lamb Angela , Collins Matthew , Alexander Michelle
Published: March 2022

Rationale

Dental calculus (mineralised dental plaque) is composed primarily of hydroxyapatite. We hypothesise that the carbonate component of dental calculus will reflect the isotopic composition of ingested simple carbohydrates. Therefore, dental calculus carbonates may be an indicator for sugar consumption, and an alternative to bone carbonate in isotopic palaeodiet studies.

Methods

We utilised Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance analysis to characterise the composition and crystallisation of bone and dental calculus before isotope analysis of carbonate. Using a Sercon 20‐22 mass spectrometer coupled with a Sercon GSL sample preparation system and an IsoPrime 100 dual inlet mass spectrometer plus Multiprep device to measure carbon, we tested the potential of dental calculus carbonate to identify C4 resources in diet through analysis of δ13C values in paired bone, calculus and teeth mineral samples.

Results

The modern population shows higher δ13C values in all three tissue carbonates compared to both archaeological populations. Clear differences in dental calculus δ13C values are observed between the modern and archaeological individuals suggesting potential for utilising dental calculus in isotope palaeodiet studies. The offset between dental calculus and either bone or enamel carbonate δ13C values is large and consistent in direction, with no consistent offset between the δ13C values for the three tissues per individual.

Conclusions

Our results support dental calculus carbonate as a new biomaterial to identify C4 sugar through isotope analysis. Greater carbon fractionation in the mouth is likely due to the complex formation of dental calculus as a mineralized biofilm, which results in consistently high δ13C values compared to bone and enamel.
A systematic narrative review of subjective well‐being promotion intervention programmes in the school setting
Authors: Chuecas María Josefina , Alfaro Jaime , Benavente Mariavictoria , Ditzel Loreto
Published: March 2022

Given the growing number of interventions aimed at promoting well‐being in the school setting, this narrative review sought to synthesise available evidence about the characteristics of the interventions: theoretical components, evaluation designs and their reported results. Two electronic databases (EBSCO and Scopus) were searched, and articles published between 2015 and 2020 were included. A total of 1477 articles were identified from these search engines and based on the systematic scrutinising process a total of 55 articles were included in the review. Only one‐third of the studies employed experimental, causal designs. Therefore, the review is unable to make conclusive statements about promising approaches, Nevertheless, the results show that the majority of interventions used to promote school children's well‐being were based on positive psychology, most of which were focused on promoting positive emotions. The studies reviewed also suggest that longer interventions, with a higher number of sessions, which are targeted at multiple components of positive emotions are more likely to yield positive results. Almost all these studies were carried out in developed countries, with only one empirical work in Latin America. Therefore, more robust experimental studies using causal designs are needed, and more empirical work is needed in low‐ and middle‐income countries on effective practices in developing children's subjective well‐being.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of channel flow with unsteady lateral overland inflow
Authors: Ding Yu , Liu Haifei
Published: March 2022

This study presents a numerical model for the catchment‐stream problem based on shallow water equations with a lateral source term. A two‐dimensional (2D) lattice Boltzmann equation with an external source term is developed, in which both the mass and momentum are considered. The proposed scheme is validated by a V‐shaped catchment case against analytical solutions and other results from traditional models. The lattice Boltzmann scheme shows good stability at rather low water depths on a mild slope and provides reliable simulated results. Then, the scheme is applied to an open channel flow with a continuous pollutant source, and the impact of the additional lateral momentum on the pollutant distribution is investigated in the stable state.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Palm Kernel Shells Derived Bio‐Oil Using Supported Ru and Pd Catalysts
Authors: Mansur Dieni , Rahayu Eka Putri , Fitriady Muhammad Arifuddin , Simanungkalit Sabar Pangihutan
Published: March 2022

Biomass‐derived bio‐oil is a renewable liquid fuel that contains a high amount of oxygen with a low calorific value. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), as one of the methods to increase the calorific value of bio‐oil, was conducted in an autoclave‐type reactor at 250 °C with an initial H2pressure of 20 bar for 4 h using Ru/C and Pd/C catalysts with a metal precursor loading of 1, 3, and 5 wt.%. The HDO reaction using Ru(5 %)/C had a higher degree of deoxygenation (47 %). A higher yield (78 wt.%) of the oil phase was produced after the reaction using Pd(3 %)/C. The HDO reaction using Ru(5 %)/C and Pd(3 %)/C catalysts could increase the calorific value of bio‐oil from 23.3 to 29.8 and 28.5 MJ/kg, respectively.
Carboxymethyl Cellulose Grafted on Mesoporous Cobalt Oxide Milieu: Synthesis, Formation Mechanism and Electrochemical Features
Authors: Inbamani Manohara Babu , Dass Arockia Jency , Inbamani Rathinamala
Published: March 2022

In the present study, mesoporous CoxOy/C nanoflakes were fabricated using facile one‐pot short span hydrothermal approach to explore its potential in energy storage devices. The fabricated composite electrode delivers maximum specific capacity of 372 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 with a meager charge transfer resistance (1.5 Ω). The excellent energy storage property is attributed to the presence of hierarchical arrangement of inter connected flaky structure that provides a fresh lanes for the mobilization of electrolyte ions. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was assembled by sandwiching battery‐type Faradic electrode and carbonaceous electrode. The device shows excellent electrochemical capability and noble cycling stability (90.9 % capacitance retention) after 10000 cycles of charge/discharge. Such enduring prominent properties of the fabricated device will make a benchmark in real time applications.
Novel photonic methods for diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Joshi Naveen , Shukla Shubhangi , Narayan Roger J.
Published: March 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic that began in March 2020 continues in many countries. The ongoing pandemic makes early diagnosis a crucial part of efforts to prevent the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. As such, the development of a rapid, reliable, and low‐cost technique with increased sensitivity for detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 is an important priority of the scientific community. At present, nucleic acid‐based techniques are primarily used as the reference approach for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. However, in several cases, false positive results have been observed with these techniques. Due to the drawbacks associated with existing techniques, the development of new techniques for the diagnosis of COVID‐19 is an important research activity. We provide an overview of novel diagnostic methods for SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis that integrate photonic technology with artificial intelligence. Recent developments in emerging diagnostic techniques based on the principles of advanced molecular spectroscopy and microscopy are considered.