bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Namorando o Brasil
Authors: Autran Arthur
Published: December 2018

Este artigo aborda o filme Romance no Rio (Caminito de gloria, Luis Cesar Amadori, 1939), produzido no período do cinema clássico argentino. Partindo do contexto da realização da película pela produtora Argentina Sono Film, o texto descreve e analisa o lançamento comercial no Brasil e sua repercussão na imprensa. O artigo também discute a presença do Brasil e de elementos associados à sua cultura em Romance no Rio.
O cinema documentário na era da imagem técnica pós-fotográfica
Authors: Prioste Marcelo
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo propõe uma conjetura sobre o impacto da atual imagem técnica digital procedente dos softwares de simulação e videogames na realização do cinema documentário contemporâneo. Descrita como artificial, desindexada do real e, portanto, pós-fotográfica, esta imagética promove um contraponto à tradição primordial do documentarismo baseado na imagem de origem fotográfica, o fotograma. Nesta abordagem há uma convergência na direção dos documentários de enredos históricos, pelo potencial de reinvenção e reinterpretação de relatos e episódios da História neles contidos.
Cinema e intermidialidade na América Latina
Authors: Bragança Maurício De
Published: December 2018

As mídias ganham materialidade pela perspectiva de cruzamentos intermidiáticos que lhes garantem uma “impureza” desde suas origens. Neste artigo pretendemos discutir de que forma o cinema latino-americano se organizou através de circuitos midiáticos. Os cinemas nacionais na América Latina se estabeleceram em determinados contextos sociais, políticos e econômicos que ganharam sentido na ideia de cultura intermidiática. Para isso, nos inspiramos na presença da cabaretera num repertório do cinema musical latino-americano que, desde o início do processo de sonorização, aponta para a importância de pensarmos os circuitos midiáticos como forma de compreender as matrizes culturais que impactaram a nossa produção cinematográfica.
Batman vs Superman
Authors: Guimarães Denise Azevedo Duarte
Published: December 2018

O artigo focaliza os expressivos diálogos e interconexões entre narrativas gráficas e fílmicas, com ênfase na lógica das franquias da cultura da convergência. Toma-se como exemplo a adaptação Batman vs Superman: a origem da justiça (2016), do diretor Zack Snyder – um filme que se apoia em narrativas originariamente diversas, a partir da criação da Liga da Justiça. Ao observar aspectos da dinâmica do processo tradutório das HQs para as telas, o texto procura potenciais dificuldades ou soluções criativas. As reflexões contemplam três cernes temáticos: 1) subsídios ao estudo da adaptação; 2) a proposta tecnoestética do diretor, com seu caráter híbrido; 3) a configuração mitopoética dos super-heróis.
O Corpo Juvenil Televisual
Authors: Gomes Marina Caminha
Published: December 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um caminho metodológico para analisar as relações entre as marcas narrativas televisivas e os audiovisuais produzidos e disponibilizados na internet pelas juventudes como ferramentas de disputas políticas. Parto do pressuposto que, na década de 1980, forjou-se no Brasil um imaginário de consumo televisivo através de uma pedagogia estética dos modos de produção vinculados ao audiovisual com a finalidade de interligar cultura juvenil e televisiva. Proponho analisar as maneiras como esse saber estético apresenta-se como uma referência importante de visibilidades juvenis em audiovisuais compartilhados nas redes sociais. O Corpo Juvenil Televisual será mapeado a partir de três eixos: 1) o momento histórico em que uma cultura televisiva e juvenil se consolidou no Brasil; 2) as maneiras de narrar através do popular e 3) a performance.
Intermidialidade em práticas midiáticas audiovisuais
Authors: Soares Rosana , Leite Andrea Limberto
Published: December 2018

RuMoRes, revista científica on-line dedicada aos estudos de comunicação, linguagem e mídias traz, em sua 24ª edição o Dossiê Intermidialidades, dedicado a analisar possíveis cruzamentos híbridos entre mídias e a propor uma crítica à tomada de objetos fílmicos em especial. Como editores convidados, o Dossiê contou com a colaboração de Samuel Paiva, Suzana Reck Miranda e Flávia Cesarino Costa, integrantes do grupo de pesquisa Cinemídia – Grupo de Estudos em História e Teoria das Mídias Audiovisuais da Universidade Federal de São Carlos e organizadores do I Encontro Internacional Intermidialidades, realizado naquela universidade. Os sentidos ampliados do cruzamento produtivo entre mídias continuam a reverberar entre os demais artigos trazidos por RuMoRes, reforçando um certo modo de olhar as produções contemporâneas.
Fronteiras intermidiáticas do cinema
Authors: Costa Flávia Cesarino , Miranda Suzana Reck , Paiva Samuel
Published: December 2018

Em novembro de 2015 o Cinemídia – Grupo de Estudos sobre História e Teoria das Mídias Audiovisuais do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imagem e Som da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) – que existe desde 2013 e é liderado por nós, autores que agora apresentamos este dossiê – realizou o seu I Encontro Internacional, o I Cinemídia, com o tema Intermidialidades. O objetivo das conferências e comunicações foi estimular o debate e a investigação sobre modos de interação entre mídias e a ativação de suas zonas fronteiriças.
Efficacy of Ablation Lesion Sets in Addition to Pulmonary Vein Isolation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Findings From the SMASH‐AF Meta‐Analysis Study Cohort
Authors: Cluckey Andrew , Perino Alexander C. , Yunus Fahd N. , Leef George C. , Askari Mariam , Heidenreich Paul A. , Narayan Sanjiv M. , Wang Paul J. , Turakhia Mintu P.
Published: December 2018

Background

The objective was to explore the efficacy of ablation lesion sets in addition to pulmonary vein isolation (
PVI
) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The optimal strategy for catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is debated.

Methods and Results

The SMASH‐AF (Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Ablation Strategy Heterogeneity in Atrial Fibrillation) study cohort includes trials and observational studies identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from January 1 1990, to August 1, 2016. We included studies reporting single procedure paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation success rates. Exclusion criteria included insufficient reporting of outcomes, ablation strategies that were not prespecified and uniform, and a sample size of fewer than 40 patients. We analyzed lesion sets performed in addition to
PVI
(
PVI
plus) using multivariable random‐effects meta‐regression to control for patient, study, and procedure characteristics. The analysis included 145 total studies with 23 263 patients (
PVI‐
only cohort: 115 studies, 148 treatment arms, 16 500 patients;
PVI
plus cohort: 39 studies; 46 treatment arms, 6763 patients).
PVI
plus studies, as compared with
PVI
‐only studies, included younger patients (56.7 years versus 58.8 years,
P
=0.001), fewer women (27.2% versus 32.0% women,
P
=0.002), and were more methodologically rigorous with longer follow‐up (29.5 versus 17.1 months,
P
0.004) and more randomization (19.4% versus 11.8%,
P
<0.001). In multivariable meta‐regression,
PVI
plus studies were associated with improved success (7.6% absolute improvement [95% CI, 2.6–12.5%];
P
<0.01,
I
2
=88%), specifically superior vena cava isolation (4 studies, 4 treatment arms, 1392 patients; 15.1% absolute improvement [95% CI, 2.3–27.9%];
P
0.02,
I
2
=87%). However, residual heterogeneity was large.

Conclusions

Across the paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation literature,
PVI
plus ablation strategies were associated with incremental improvements in success rate. However, large residual heterogeneity complicates evidence synthesis.
Libanosycorax dimyi gen. et sp. nov., the earliest sycoracine fly from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Diptera: Psychodidae: Sycoracinae)

Authors: AZAR DANY , AZAR SAHAR , MAKSOUD SIBELLE
Published: December 2018

Sycoracinae are tiny flies with some species bearing functional mandibles and having blood-feeding behavior like phlebotomine flies (Azar et al., 2007; Azar and Salamé, 2015). They constitute a small group within Psychodidae in the modern fauna, represented by nearly 45 species belonging to three genera (Azar and Salamé, 2015; Ježek et al., 2015; Curler et al., 2015).
Loropetalum flavum (Hamamelidaceae), a new species from northern Vietnam
Authors: AVERYANOV LEONID V. , ENDRESS PETER K. , NGUYEN KHANG SINH , THAI TRAN HUY , MAISAK TATIANA V. , AVERYANOVA ANNA L. , DIEP LE NGOC
Published: December 2018

Loropetalum flavum (Hamamelidaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Bat Dai Son Mountains situated in the northern Vietnam. Recently discovered plant was observed as a typical element of the rich primary forest found on the highly eroded karstic limestone mountain formations allied to the border with China. The new species is characterized by arboreous habit; stellately indumentum of branchlets, leaves and flowers; axillary, capitate, 4–12-flowered inflorescences; yellow, sessile, actinomorphic, bisexual, 4–6-merous flowers with 2-whorled perianth and 2–8 fleshy disc lobes; stamens with conspicuous subulate connective protrusion; anthers with 2 rectangular 2-sporangiate thecae, each dehiscing by 2 valves and syncarpous gynoecium with 2-locular inferior ovary bearing 2 very short separate styles. A key to all known species of Loropetalum species is given and lectotype of L. lanceum is proposed.
Sipunculans and Echiurans of Isla del Coco (Cocos Island), Costa Rica
Authors: DEAN HARLAN K. , SIBAJA–CORDERO JEFFREY A. , CORTÉS JORGE , VARGAS RITA , KAWAUCHI GISELE Y.
Published: December 2018

The sipunculan fauna of Isla del Coco was found to be quite diverse with eleven species reported. Several of the sipunculan species, as well as the echiuran Thalassema steinbecki, have been encountered previously from Pacific Costa Rica. More surprising is the occurrence of several species of sipunculans not previously known from the eastern Pacific region such as Siphonosoma cumanense, Phascolosoma scolops, Aspidosiphon gosnoldi, A. misakiensis, and A. (Paraspidosiphon) laevis. Possible larval sources for those species previously unknown from this region are discussed. The identity of specimens previously identified as Phascolosoma perlucens from Pacific Costa Rica are in question and are referred to as P. sp. The presence of anastomosing longitudinal muscle bands as being characteristic of the genus Siphonosoma is discussed.
New species of the New Caledonian endemic genus Agnotecous (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopterinae, Lebinthini)
Authors: ROBILLARD TONY , NATTIER ROMAIN , DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS LAURE
Published: December 2018

To analyze the pattern of endemism of Eneopterinae crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopteridae) in New Caledonia, available data sets have been completed by intensive field work and by the study of museum collections. Five new species of Agnotecous Saussure, 1878 (A. humboldti Robillard, n. sp., A. nekando Robillard, n. sp., A. minoris Robillard, n. sp., A. petchekara Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., A. pinsula Robillard, n. sp.) and one new subspecies (A. brachypterus pocquensis Desutter-Grandcolas, n. ssp.) are described here from Grande Terre and Île des Pins. These new data (1) enhance the richness of Agnotecous in New Caledonia, with a total of 20 known species for the genus; (2) complete the distributional data about species sympatry; (3) further document the distribution of the genus in the archipelago; and (4) confirm the acoustic properties of Agnotecous calling songs.
The Notiocoelotes spiders (Araneae: Agelenidae) from Hainan Island, China
Authors: LIU JIE , LI SHUQIANG
Published: December 2018

Six species of the genus Notiocoelotes Wang, Xu & Li, 2008, including four species newly described here, are known from Hainan Island, China. These are: N. lingulatus Wang, Xu & Li, 2008 (female); N. membranaceus sp. nov. (male); N. orbiculatus sp. nov. (female, male); N. palinitropus (Zhu & Wang, 1994) (female, male); N. pseudolingulatus sp. nov. (female); and N. spirellus sp. nov. (female, male). All of these species are illustrated and taxonomically distinguished via a dichotomous key.
The identity of Zachaenus roseus Cope, 1890 (Anura: species inquirenda)
Authors: LAVILLA E. O. , NUÑEZ J. J. , RABANAL F. E. , LANGONE J. A. , DE SÁ R. O.
Published: December 2018

Zachaenus roseus Cope, 1890, has puzzled systematists working in southern South America. A single individual, the holotype, has ever been collected and this specimen is in extremely poor preservation condition. Herein, the precise location of the type locality of Z. roseus is determined based on a historical review of the literature. Furthermore, following a careful comparison with all species that inhabit the southern austral forest, and that could potentially correspond to Zachaenus roseus, we conclude that this taxon is placed in the synonymy of Eupsophus calcaratus (Günther, 1881).
Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: Australian Pseudophylline katydids (Tettigoniidae; Pseudophyllinae; Phyllomimini)
Authors: RENTZ DCF , SU YOU NING , UESHIMA NORIHIRO
Published: December 2018

The genus Acauloplacella Karny is recorded from Australia. Four new species are described, all in the subgenus Acauloplacella. The Australian representatives are related to those in New Guinea. All species occur in rainforest, especially along the margins. They are known from the east coast from disjunct populations from Iron Range south to near Townsville, Qld. They are nocturnal plant feeders with males uttering a stuttering call after dark.
A new two-pored Amphisbaena Linnaeus from the endangered Brazilian Cerrado biome (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae)
Authors: PINNA PEDRO H. , MENDONÇA ANDRÉ F. , BOCCHIGLIERI ADRIANA , FERNANDES DANIEL S.
Published: December 2018

Amphisbaena carli sp. nov. is described from a Cerrado region in the southwestern of the state of Bahia, Brazil. The new species is diagnosable by having: small and separated nasal scales; two pre-cloacal pores separated from each other; 221–242 body annuli; 10–13 caudal annuli; 21–23 dorsal and 21–23 ventral segments to a midbody annulus; and tail without visible autotomic constriction. A proposition of standardization of head scalation nomenclature for amphisbaenids and comments on the current status of the genus Amphisbaena are also provided.
Description of five Anthrax Scopoli puparia (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Anthracinae, Anthracini)
Authors: CUNHA ANDRÉ MALLEMONT , LAMAS CARLOS JOSÉ EINICKER
Published: December 2018

Five pupae of Anthrax (A. austrinus, A. cephus, A. hylaios, A. macquarti and A. repertus) are described and illustrated for the first time, with records of their hosts and distribution presented. The paper also includes a brief discussion on new characters that could be useful for the segregation of puparium at species level and the sexual dimorphism of Anthrax pupae.
Paguristes puniceus Henderson, 1896 (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae): A study in intraspecific variability
Authors: MCLAUGHLIN PATSY A.
Published: December 2018

The availability of 45 adult specimens from single population of the hermit crab Paguristes puniceus Henderson, 1896, together with ten specimens from other localities, has made it possible to investigate intraspecific variability in morphological characters heretofore considered diagnostic for species of the genus. Fifty-one attributes deemed important by previous investigators, were examined and/or measured. However, when variations in segmental armature were found in the two pairs of ambulatory legs, the segments were scored individually, for a total of 77 characters. The results of the analysis demonstrated conclusively that most, if not all, previously employed characters were subject to intraspecific variation, and that for some, variability rendered them ineffective in discriminating among closely related taxa. Just as a suite of characters is usually needed to define a taxon, a similar suite is needed to differentiate one closely related taxon from another. In addition to discussing the ranges of variation observed for each of the characters, P. puniceus has been redescribed to include this variability. A second taxon, P. puniceus unispinosa Balss has been found to be a junior subjective synonym of P. puniceus. Paguristes puniceus also has been compared with three very similar Japanese species, P. miyakei Forest & McLaughlin, 1998, P. doederleini Komai, 2001, and Paguristes sp.
Description of two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)
Authors: ALENCAR ALINE R. , COSTA WILSON J.E.M.
Published: December 2018

Two new species of Trichomycterus from isolated small river basins of southeastern Brazil are described: T. pantherinus, new species, from the Rio Santa Maria da Vit ria basin, and T. caudofasciatus, new species, from the Rio Itabapoana basin. Both new species are diagnosed by a combination of morphological features, also occurring in T. alternatus and T. longibarbatus, including number of pectoral-fin rays, odontodes and branchiostegal rays, long filamentous first pectoral-fin ray and wide opercular patch of odontodes. Trichomycterus pantherinus differs from other congeners by possessing a light orangish yellow flank with dark brown to black rounded spots. Trichomycterus caudofasciatus is distinguished from other species of the genus by having four gray bars on the caudal fin.
Revision of raphignathoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata) in the collection of H. Habeeb
Authors: FAN QING-HAI , ZHANG ZHI-QIANG
Published: December 2018

The raphignathoid mites in the collection of H. Habeeb are revised and keyed. Five species are redescribed and illustrated on the bases of the types and cotypes. A new combination is proposed: Cheylostigmaeus powersi (Habeeb, 1961), comb. n. (from Eustigmaeus). Ledermuelleriopsis taylori Habeeb, 1961, is considered a junior synonym of Eustigmaeus reticulatellus (Habeeb, 1961) (= Ledermuelleria reticulatella Habeeb, 1961).
Mean Offshore Refractive Conditions during the CASPER East Field Campaign
Authors: Ulate Marcela , Wang Qing , Haack Tracy , Holt Teddy , Alappattu Denny P.
Published: December 2018

In this study, we use observational and numerical model data from the Coupled Air Sea Processes and Electromagnetic Ducting Research (CASPER) field campaign to describe the mean refractive conditions offshore Duck, North Carolina. The U.S. Navy operational numerical weather prediction model known as the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) performed well forecasting large-scale conditions during the experiment, with an observed warm bias in SST and cold and dry biases in temperature and humidity in the lowest 2000 m. In general, COAMPS underpredicted the number of ducts, and they were weaker and at lower height than those seen in observations. It was found that there is a noticeable diurnal evolution of the ducts, more over land than over the ocean. Ducts were found to be more frequent over land but overall were stronger and deeper over the ocean. Also, the evaporative duct height increases as one moves offshore. A case study was chosen to describe the electromagnetic properties under different synoptic conditions. In this case the continental atmospheric boundary layer dominates and interacts with the marine atmospheric boundary layer. As a result, the latter moves around 80 km offshore and then back inland after 2 h.
Relationship between the Future Projections of Sahel Rainfall and the Simulation Biases of Present South Asian and Western North Pacific Rainfall in Summer
Authors: Yan Yuhan , Lu Riyu , Li Chaofan
Published: December 2018

Confident model projections of regional climate, in particular precipitation, could be very useful for designing climate change adaptation, particularly for vulnerable regions such as the Sahel. However, there is an extremely large uncertainty in the future Sahel rainfall projections made by current climate models. In this study, we find a close relationship between the future Sahel rainfall projections and present rainfall simulation biases in South Asia and the western North Pacific in summer, using the historical simulations and future projections of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). This future–present relationship can be used to calibrate Sahel rainfall projections since historical simulation biases can be much more reliably estimated than future change. The accordingly calibrated results show a substantial increase in both precipitation and precipitation minus evaporation in the future Sahel, in comparison with the multimodel ensemble (MME) result. This relationship between the historical rainfall bias and future Sahel rainfall projection is suggested to lie with the different schemes of convective parameterization among models: some schemes tend to result in both overestimated (underestimated) historical rainfall in South Asia (the western North Pacific) and enhanced future Sahel rainfall projection, while other schemes result in the opposite.
Freshwater Flux and Ocean Chlorophyll Produce Nonlinear Feedbacks in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Zhang Rong-Hua , Tian Feng , Busalacchi Antonio J. , Wang Xiujun
Published: December 2018

Various forcing and feedback processes coexist in the tropical Pacific, which can modulate El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In particular, large covariabilities in chlorophyll (Chl) and freshwater flux (FWF) at the sea surface are observed during ENSO cycles, acting to execute feedbacks on ENSO through the related ocean-biology-induced heating (OBH) and FWF forcing, respectively. At present, the related effects and underlying mechanism are strongly model dependent and are still not well understood. Here, a new hybrid coupled model (HCM), developed to represent interactions between the atmosphere and ocean physics–biology (AOPB) in the tropical Pacific, is used to examine the extent to which ENSO can be modulated by interannually covarying anomalies of FWF and Chl. HCM AOPB–based sensitivity experiments indicate that individually the FWF forcing tends to amplify ENSO via its influence on the stratification and vertical mixing in the upper ocean, whereas the OBH feedback tends to damp it. While the FWF- and OBH-related individual effects tend to counteract each other, their combined effects give rise to unexpected situations. For example, an increase in the FWF forcing intensity actually acts to decrease the ENSO amplitude when the OBH feedback effects coexist at a certain intensity. The nonlinear modulation of the ENSO amplitude can happen when the FWF-related amplifying effects on ENSO are compensated for by OBH-related damping effects. The results offer insight into modulating effects on ENSO, which are evident in nature and different climate models.
Santa Ana Winds: A Descriptive Climatology
Authors: Rolinski Tom , Capps Scott B. , Zhuang Wei
Published: December 2018

The criteria used to define Santa Ana winds (SAWs) are dependent upon both the impact of interest (e.g., catastrophic wildfires) and the location and/or time of day examined. We employ a comprehensive definition and methodology for constructing a climatological SAW time series from 1981 through 2016 for two Southern California regions, Los Angeles and San Diego. For both regions, we examine SAW climatology, distinguish SAW-associated synoptic-scale atmospheric patterns, and detect long-term, significant SAW trends. San Diego has 30% fewer SAW days compared to Los Angeles with 80% of SAW events starting in Los Angeles first. Further, 45% of San Diego SAW events are single-day events compared to 35% for Los Angeles. The longest duration event spanned 16 days for Los Angeles (27 November–12 December 1988) and 8 days for San Diego (9–16 January 2009). Although SAW-driven fires can be large and devastating, these types of fires occurred on only 6% and 5% of SAW days for the Los Angeles and San Diego regions, respectively. Finally, we find and investigate an extended period of elevated SAW day count occurring after 2005. This new climatology will allow us to produce month- and season-ahead forecasts of SAW days, which is useful for planning end-of-year staffing coverage by the local, state, and federal fire agencies.
Clarifying the Connections Among Giftedness, Metacognition, Self-Regulation, and Self-Regulated Learning: Implications for Theory and Practice
Authors: Oppong Ernestina , Shore Bruce M. , Muis Krista R.
Published: December 2018

The concept of giftedness has historically been shaped by theories of IQ, creativity, and expertise (including early conceptions of metacognition). These theories focus within the mind of the individual learner. Social, emotional, and motivational qualities of giftedness were treated as add-ons, not part of the core construct. This created misalignment with the social construction of knowledge—a position widely supported in gifted education practice. Newer, broader conceptions of metacognitive, self-regulated, and self-regulated learning processes have garnered interest. However, because these theories borrowed language from each other and earlier theories, assigning new meanings to old constructs, confusion arose about how to distinguish each of these three theories from each other or apply them to instruction. This article distinguishes among metacognition, self-regulation, and self-regulated learning, relating each to notions of giftedness, highlighting implications for practice, and especially highlighting self-regulated learning as a valuable contributor to understanding giftedness and designing instruction in gifted education.
The Use of Visual Mental Imagery in New Product Design
Authors: Dahl Darren W. , Chattopadhyay Amitava , Gorn* Gerald J.
Published: December 2018

In this research, the authors seek to advance the understanding of how marketing can facilitate the new product design process. They focus on how designers’ use of a specific cognitive process, visual mental imagery, can influence the customer appeal of a design. The authors present a conceptual framework for examining how visual imagery might influence the customer appeal of a design output. This is followed by two experiments that test the hypotheses that flow from the proposed model. The experiments manipulate the type of visual imagery used and the incorporation of the customer in the imagery invoked and then examine its effects on the usefulness, originality, and customer appeal of the resulting design. Consistent with the framework and the proposed hypotheses, the findings show that including the customer in imagination visual imagery during the design process has a greater effect on the usefulness of the design produced than including the customer in memory visual imagery. The results also show that imagery based on imagination results in more original designs than imagery based on memory. Most important, the use of bounded imagination, which results from the incorporation of the visual images of the customer in imagination imagery, leads to the creation of designs that are more appealing to the customer. The findings are integrated into a discussion that clarifies the role of visual imagery in design and underscores the potential of this cognitive tool in the new product design process.
Lost in transition? The personal and professional challenges for probation leaders engaged in delivering public sector reform
Authors: Millings Matthew , Burke Lol , Robinson Gwen
Published: December 2018

The outsourcing and transfer of labour in the contexts of policing, prisons and courts illustrate that, even in a national context, these transitions are not uniform. Rather, there are a diverse set of ‘privatisation journeys’ that can be taken and that need to be understood. Our focus in this article is on the experience of probation leaders who, under the Transforming Rehabilitation (TR) reform programme, were charged with stewarding their organisation from the public sector, through a 10-month transitional period, and into the full relinquishing of ownership to the private sector. It is an account of how, with no clear ‘transition and transformation’ precedent to follow, a locally-based senior management team from one probation trust engaged with the task of implementing organisational change during a period of great uncertainty. We explore managers’ engagement with the language, working styles and vision of engineering transformational change and how they processed and began to articulate the challenges of new ownership, both for themselves (as individuals) and for their organisation (as a collective). We examine the resilience of the organisational culture at senior management level; the operational dynamism of leaders to embrace change; and the extent to which senior managers felt able to participate in, and take ownership of, the new Community Rehabilitation Company (CRC) they were charged with forming.
Stretching scales? Risk and sociality in climate finance
Authors: Christophers Brett , Bigger Patrick , Johnson Leigh
Published: December 2018

The heterodox literature on financial risk has in recent years focused predominantly on how risk is distributed, and on the market instabilities and social inequalities that different risk distributions seed. Typically much less discussed is the constitution of financial risk, which is this article’s concern. Drawing empirical examples from two climate financial instruments, its particular interest is in the changing scale – social, spatial and temporal – of the “risk pools” associated with different financial products: the populations across which the products in question serve to aggregate underlying risk. The article explores how, against a historical backdrop of four decades of scale compression in the shape of risk individualization under neoliberalism, certain novel climate financial products seemingly indicate a contrary stretching of the risk pool. The article critically examines sovereign catastrophe insurance pools and green (climate) bonds, highlighting both the significance of the stretching that they effect but also the tensions and limits apparent in this emergent dynamic.
Mothering Without a Home: Internalized Impacts of Social Exclusion
Authors: Benbow Sarah , Forchuk Cheryl , Berman Helene , Gorlick Carolyne , Ward-Griffin Catherine
Published: December 2018

Mothering while homeless poses significant barriers in achieving health and unique challenges while parenting without a home. The contextual processes shaping mothers’ experiences of social exclusion and homelessness, and the internalized impacts on homeless mothers’ lives, are reported on in this article. Critical narrative methodology was employed with 41 participants comprised of 26 mothers experiencing homelessness, and 15 service providers who provided care to mothers experiencing homelessness participated in this study. Two overarching themes were constructed: (1) internalized expectations and regulation and (2) pushing back from the margins: sources of resilience and resistance. Women showed a great deal of agency within the existing structures of exclusion; they worked, and at times fought, tirelessly for safety, housing, their children, and their human rights. They actively demonstrated their agency and resistance within the webs of exclusion they faced. In promoting health, nurses can best support mothers in many ways, such as by employing strengths-based nursing, challenging their own stigma and notions of ‘good mothering’, and by recognizing and challenging the often insurmountable barriers posed within the system for this population.
A Meta-analysis of the Literature on the Association of the Social and Built Environment With Obesity: Identifying Factors in Need of More In-Depth Research
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yin Li
Published: December 2018

Objective:

This study aims to identify groups of the social and built environment factors that have been studied substantially along with factors that need further attention, to guide the research, designing, and planning of the social and built environment for reducing obesity prevalence.

Data Source:

A systematic search of literature was undertaken from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:

Keyword combination of “built environment,” “social environment,” and “obesity” were used to expand the search scope. Exclusion criteria included (1) any article with less than 50 citations from 2005 to 2010, and those with less than 25 citations from 2011 to 2015. In this way we included the most prominent peer-reviewed studies published in recent years while excluding less influential publications; (2) any article published in a language other than English; (3) literature review articles; (4) any article studying health outcomes not obesity related. We included research on eating behaviors since the studies contributed profoundly to food environment research.

Data Synthesis:

A meta-analysis of 153 empirical studies, selected from 2005 to 2015 based on a series of criteria, was conducted using factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis was undertaken to group the prevalence and use of the social and built environment factors associated with obesity.

Results:

The findings suggested that the research community has gained a substantial understanding of the D variables of the built environment, including density, diversity, design, distance to transit, and destination access. Factors concerning different age groups, minority populations, groups with low socioeconomic status, food environment, and street-level urban design features have been less examined.

Conclusions:

The findings are important to guide future research directions, giving more attention to the factors in need of more in-depth research.
Degradation of railway track geometry – Correlation between track stiffness gradient and differential settlement
Authors: Nielsen Jens CO , Berggren Eric G , Hammar Anders , Jansson Fredrik , Bolmsvik Rikard
Published: December 2018

Based on the track geometry car recordings performed from 1999 to 2016 on a section of the Swedish heavy haul line Malmbanan, the vertical track geometry degradation is analysed for wavelengths in the interval 1–25 m. The upper layer of the subgrade on parts of the rail section is peat (depths of up to 2 m), while it is moraine on others leading to a significant longitudinal variation in substructure stiffness. The degradation rates of irregularities in the longitudinal level and the influence of track maintenance (tamping) on the track geometry are studied. In parallel, a method for continuous measurement of track vertical stiffness along the line, allowing for the detection of track sections with poor support conditions, is described and demonstrated. Synchronised measurements of the longitudinal level and the track vertical stiffness are evaluated to determine whether there is a correlation between a high stiffness gradient due to variations in substructure stiffness and a high growth rate of local track geometry irregularities. It is shown that recurrent severe local track geometry irregularities often occur on track sections where there is a combination of a low magnitude and a high gradient in the substructure stiffness. In such cases, tamping may not be a cost-efficient long-term solution to the problem. Instead, upgrading of ballast and subgrade layers should be considered as an option. It is concluded that measurement of track vertical stiffness is an efficient method for the maintenance planning of a more robust railway track, which also minimises the life cycle cost and environmental footprint.
Working Memory Has Better Fidelity Than Long-Term Memory: The Fidelity Constraint Is Not a General Property of Memory After All
Authors: Biderman Natalie , Luria Roy , Teodorescu Andrei R. , Hajaj Ron , Goshen-Gottstein Yonatan
Published: December 2018

How detailed are long-term-memory representations compared with working memory representations? Recent research has found an equal fidelity bound for both memory systems, suggesting a novel general constraint on memory. Here, we assessed the replicability of this discovery. Participants (total N = 72) were presented with colored real-life objects and were asked to recall the colors using a continuous color wheel. Deviations from study colors were modeled to generate two estimates of color memory: the variability of remembered colors—fidelity—and the probability of forgetting the color. Estimating model parameters using both maximum-likelihood estimation and Bayesian hierarchical modeling, we found that working memory had better fidelity than long-term memory (Experiments 1 and 2). Furthermore, within each system, fidelity worsened as a function of time-correlated mechanisms (Experiments 2 and 3). We conclude that fidelity is subject to decline across and within memory systems. Thus, the justification for a general fidelity constraint in memory does not seem to be valid.
People Are Slow to Adapt to the Warm Glow of Giving
Authors: O’Brien Ed , Kassirer Samantha
Published: December 2018

People adapt to repeated getting. The happiness we feel from eating the same food, from earning the same income, and from many other experiences quickly decreases as repeated exposure to an identical source of happiness increases. In two preregistered experiments ( N = 615), we examined whether people also adapt to repeated giving—the happiness we feel from helping other people rather than ourselves. In Experiment 1, participants spent a windfall for 5 days ($5.00 per day on the same item) on themselves or another person (the same one each day). In Experiment 2, participants won money in 10 rounds of a game ($0.05 per round) for themselves or a charity of their choice (the same one each round). Although getting elicited standard adaptation (happiness significantly declined), giving did not grow old (happiness did not significantly decline; Experiment 1) and grew old more slowly than equivalent getting (happiness declined at about half the rate; Experiment 2). Past research suggests that people are inevitably quick to adapt in the absence of change. These findings suggest otherwise: The happiness we get from giving appears to sustain itself.
An inquiry into the origins of fair value
Authors: Donleavy Gabriel
Published: December 2018

The article aims first to elucidate the role of the Enlightenment in the creation of the notion of fair value. The courts were already defending free market prices by 1750, before the main economic thinkers, Turgot, Cantillon, and Smith formulated their views as to why public welfare was best served by freely made private bargains. It is shown that the attachment of the word “fair” to market value is attributable to Smith’s own understanding of what constitutes distributive justice. A second puzzle addressed in the article is the delay, lasting longer than a century, between the commercial and judicial acceptance of fair value and the later acceptance of it by the standard setters of the accounting profession as the primary way to value business assets and liabilities.
Managing Pain in Chronically Ill Homebound Patients Through Home-Based Primary and Palliative Care
Authors: Major-Monfried Hannah , DeCherrie Linda V. , Wajnberg Ania , Zhang Meng , Kelley Amy S. , Ornstein Katherine A.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Many older adults are homebound due to chronic illness and suffer from significant symptoms, including pain. Home-based primary and palliative care (HBPC), which provides interdisciplinary medical and psychosocial care for this population, has been shown to significantly reduce symptom burden. However, little is known about how pain is managed in the homebound.

Objective:

This article describes pain management for chronically, ill homebound adults in a model, urban HBPC program.

Design/Measurements:

This was a prospective observational cohort study of newly enrolled HBPC patients, who completed a baseline Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) survey during the initial HBPC visit (N = 86). Baseline pain burden was captured by ESAS and pain severity was categorized as none, mild, or moderate-severe. All pain-related assessments and treatments over a 6-month period were categorized by medication type and titration, referrals to outside providers, procedures, and equipment.

Results:

At baseline, 55% of the study population had no pain, 18% had mild pain, and 27% had moderate-severe pain. For those with moderate-severe pain at baseline (n = 23), prescriptions for pharmacological treatments for pain, such as opiates and acetaminophen, increased during the study period from 48% to 57% and 52% to 91%, respectively. Nonpharmacological interventions, including referrals to outside providers such as physical therapy, procedures, and equipment for pain management, were also common and 67% of the study population received a service referral during the follow-up period.

Conclusions:

Pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments are widely used in the setting of HBPC to treat the pain of homebound, older adults.
Recruitment of Schools for Intervention Research to Reduce Health Disparities for Sexual and Gender Minority Students
Authors: Shattuck Daniel , Hall Janie Lee , Green Amy , Greenberg Cynthia , Peñaloza Linda , Ramos Mary , Willging Cathleen
Published: December 2018

Recruiting schools for intervention research can be daunting. This study examined the experiences of researchers recruiting public high schools for a randomized controlled trial to reduce suicide disparities for sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth by implementing evidence-based strategies to enhance school environments. We enrolled 42 schools throughout New Mexico between August 2016 and April 2017. Based on qualitative analysis of recruitment efforts, three groups of factors affected enrollment: (1) non-SGM-specific factors, (2) SGM-specific factors, and (3) facilitating factors. Non-SGM-specific factors negatively impacted the willingness or ability to participate (e.g., demanding staff workloads and beliefs that “outsiders” should not assist with school-based interventions). Notable SGM-specific factors centered on influences in socially conservative community environments and beliefs that schools lacked SGM students. Advocacy, leveraging relationships, and persistence were facilitating factors for overcoming recruitment obstacles. Our findings have implications for researchers and school nurses interested in school-based interventions, especially those focused on SGM youth.
How plausible is the relative plausibility theory of proof?
Authors: Lai Ho Hock
Published: December 2018

This response to Allen and Pardo focuses mainly on questioning the comparative nature of juridical proof under their relative plausibility theory.
Comparison of blood serum protein analysis by MALDI-MS from either conventional frozen samples or storage disc-deposited samples: A study with human serum from pregnant donors and from patients with intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Wölter Manja , Russ Manuela , Okai Charles A , Rath Werner , Pecks Ulrich , Glocker Michael O
Published: December 2018

Mass spectrometric profiling of intact serum proteins, i.e. determination of relative protein abundance differences, was performed using two different serum sample preparation methods: one with frozen and thawed serum, the other with at room temperature deposited and dried serum. Since in a typical clinical setting freezing of serum is difficult to achieve, sampling at room temperature is preferred and can be met when using the Noviplex™ card system. Once deposited and dried, serum proteins can be stored and shipped at room temperature. After resolubilization of serum proteins from “dried serum spots”, mass spectra of high quality have been recorded comparable to those that were obtained using fresh-frozen and subsequently thawed serum samples. Differentiation between patients with intrauterine growth restriction and control individuals was achievable, independent from the sample work-up procedure. Having at hand a reliable and robust method for serum storage and shipment which works at room temperature bridges the gap between the clinics and the protein analysis laboratory. Our novel serum handling protocol reduces costs for both, storage and shipping, and ultimately enables clinical risk assessment based on mass spectrometric determination of intact protein abundance profiles.
About the (non) existence of a lifelong education system in Chile
Authors: Didier Nicolás
Published: December 2018

This article aims to present the lifelong education system of Chile from a functional and institutional point of view, in an attempt to describe its strategy. This paper covers both formal education and graduate studies, which were analyzed systematically from the institutional framework and experience of Chile. A comprehensive review of open access data of Chilean higher education was performed, analyzing human capital investment and access to post-secondary education. The main findings are based on the lack of coordination between the educational levels and postsecondary education which make career progression and integration difficult, obstructing tenure and qualifications valuation by employers. In an ageing society such as that of Chile, workers may be forced to take up continuously training courses to sustain their situation inside the labour market. If there is no coordination between training and educational system, workers will face major difficulties in being considered as employable. This work opens the question of lifelong education policies in less developed countries such as Chile, which is facing the same demographic phenomenon as developed countries, but without the same level of resources or institutional development. This article concludes with the requirements for the design of this kind of educational policy.
How health literacy and patient activation play their own unique role in self-management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Authors: Yadav Uday Narayan , Hosseinzadeh Hassan , Lloyd Jane , Harris Mark Fort
Published: December 2018

Current evidence indicates that although they are correlated, health literacy (HL) and patient activation (PA) are distinct. This article describes how HL, PA and their determinants intersect and diverge and how these concepts might inform the development of self-management interventions. The concepts of HL and PA contribute to self-management interventions in different ways. HL includes the skills and confidence required for self-management while PA focuses more on motivation and ability to take action. In this light, communication of concepts on HL and PA needs to be more widely understood by academics, researchers and policy experts as each of them plays a unique role in promoting self-management for long-term conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Decentralized control of vibrations in wind turbines using multiple active tuned mass dampers with stroke constraint
Authors: Cong Cong
Published: December 2018

This article is devoted to the study of the vibration control for blades and tower in a wind turbine. Based on the Euler–Lagrangian method, a multi-body dynamic model including three blades with distributed parameter, tower, and their coupling is obtained. Multi active tuned mass dampers have been utilizing as damping devices. Therefore, the dynamics of the tuned mass dampers are also considered in modeling. The influence of extreme wind, and grid dynamics on the vibration of the blade was analyzed. Moreover, the nonlinearity induced by space constraints, which impact on vibration control, is introduced. For active control, the constrained decentralized control strategy is designed via linear matrix inequality which tuned mass dampers stroke constraints are modeled as hard constraints. A doubly fed induction generator connected to an infinite bus including the detailed electrical and structural model was performed on MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that the control strategy can effectively reduce the vibration of the blade while the damper stroke satisfies the working space permitted by the blade. Investigations demonstrate promising results for decentralized constrained control in simultaneous control blade vibrations and tower vibrations. Each actuator is driven separately from the output of the corresponding sensor so that only local feedback control is achieved; this improves the system reliability.