bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing the selectivity to ethylene in the MTO reaction by enhancing diffusion limitation in the shell layer of SAPO-34 catalyst
Authors: Zhong Jiawei , Han Jingfeng , Wei Yingxu , Xu Shutao , He Yanli , Zheng Yijun , Ye Mao , Guo Xinwen , Song Chunshan , Liu Zhongmin
Published: February 2018

The zinc cation modified SAPO-34 introduces extra diffusion limitation for bulky hydrocarbons, enhancing the selectivity to ethylene and the ethylene to propylene ratio at the initial stage of the MTO reaction.
Improved thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS polymer bulk prepared using spark plasma sintering
Authors: Ge Zhen-Hua , Chang Yi , Li Fu , Luo Jingting , Fan Ping
Published: February 2018

A low-density PEDOT:PSS/inorganic nanoparticle composite bulk material was prepared by carrying out spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 100 °C.
Polymorphs of oxindole as the core structures in bioactive compounds
Authors: Hachuła Barbara , Zubko Maciej , Zajdel Paweł , Książek Maria , Kusz Joachim , Starczewska Oliwia , Janek Joanna , Pisarski Wojciech
Published: February 2018

A new polymorph of oxindole (termed as “δ-form”) has been found and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs): perspectives of industrialization
Authors: Zhao Wei , Xia Lieyin , Liu Xikui
Published: February 2018

In this highlight, we review the state-of-the-art development of COFs from an industrial point of view in five aspects, including their types, growth mechanisms, synthetic methods, processability and applications.
Modeling of Li diffusion in nanocrystalline Li–Si anode material
Authors: Tang F. W. , Song X. Y. , Hou C. , Liu X. M. , Wang H. B. , Nie Z. R.
Published: February 2018

An integrated model was established to quantify Li diffusion behavior in the nanocrystalline anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Inducing microstructural changes in Nafion by incorporating graphitic carbon nitride to enhance the vanadium-blocking effect
Authors: Wu Chunxiao , Lu Shanfu , Zhang Jin , Xiang Yan
Published: February 2018

Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets are introduced into a Nafion matrix to prepare a ‘vanadium-blocking’ recast Nafion membrane for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) applications.
Formation of n–n type heterojunction-based tin organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite composites and their functions in the photocatalytic field
Authors: Zhang Weining , Chen Yilu , Wang Xiaohong , Yan Xiaoxia , Xu Jiaqiang , Zeng Zhigang
Published: February 2018

n–n type heterojunction MASnI3/TiO2 composites before and after calcination form different ohmic contact interfaces and follow different mechanisms.
Penetrating probability and cross section of the Li+–C60 encapsulation process through an ab initio molecular dynamics investigation
Authors: Ho Thi H. , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Le Hung M.
Published: February 2018

The encapsulation of Li+–C60 has been shown to be dependent on inletting kinetic energy of Li+, and shooting angle, and the minimum energy threshold for penetrating is ∼6.6 eV.
Solvation-controlled lithium-ion complexes in a nonflammable solvent containing ethylene carbonate: structural and electrochemical aspects
Authors: Sogawa Michiru , Kawanoue Hikaru , Todorov Yanko Marinov , Hirayama Daisuke , Mimura Hideyuki , Yoshimoto Nobuko , Morita Masayuki , Fujii Kenta
Published: February 2018

Relationship between the individual solvation numbers (TFEP, EC, and TFSA−) around Li ions and the electrode reactions in LiTFSA/TFEP + EC electrolytes.
Experimental and kinetic modeling investigation of rich premixed toluene flames doped with n-butanol
Authors: Li Yuyang , Yuan Wenhao , Li Tianyu , Li Wei , Yang Jiuzhong , Qi Fei
Published: February 2018

Blending of n-butanol for rich toluene combustion strongly suppresses the formation of PAHs.
Evidence of transboundary mercury and other pollutants in the Puyango-Tumbes River basin, Ecuador–Peru
Authors: Marshall Bruce G. , Veiga Marcello M. , Kaplan Robert J. , Adler Miserendino Rebecca , Schudel Gary , Bergquist Bridget A. , Guimarães Jean R. D. , Sobral Luis G. S. , Gonzalez-Mueller Carolina
Published: February 2018

Hg isotopic analyses show Au processing in Ecuador is source of pollution in Peru.
Visible-light-promoted intramolecular C–H amination in aqueous solution: synthesis of carbazoles
Authors: Yang Lizheng , Zhang Yipin , Zou Xiaodong , Lu Hongjian , Li Guigen
Published: February 2018

Visible light rather than various metals is reported to promote the synthesis of various carbazoles from readily available 2-azidobiphenyls under mild conditions.
Highly-functionalized arene synthesis based on palladium on carbon-catalyzed aqueous dehydrogenation of cyclohexadienes and cyclohexenes
Authors: Yasukawa Naoki , Yokoyama Hiroki , Masuda Masahiro , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao , Sawama Yoshinari
Published: February 2018

Highly-functionalized arenes could be efficiently constructed by Pd/C-catalyzed aqueous dehydrogenation of 1,4-cyclohexadienes and cyclohexenes.
Amplification-free detection of DNA in a paper-based microfluidic device using electroosmotically balanced isotachophoresis
Authors: Rosenfeld Tally , Bercovici Moran
Published: February 2018

Microfluidic paper-based analytical device that utilizes the native high electroosmotic flow in nitrocellulose to achieve stationary isotachophoresis focusing.
Self-assembled morphology of tripod nanoparticle solutions: the effect of arm length and hydrophobic ratio
Authors: Bin Sazali Muhammad Adli , Kobayashi Yusei , Taniguchi Yuki , Nakashima Takuya , Arai Noriyoshi
Published: February 2018

We have studied the self-assembled morphologies of tripod nanoparticle solutions confined in nanoslits using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations.
Single step aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition of p–n Sn(ii) oxide–Ti(iv) oxide nanocomposite thin film electrodes for investigation of photoelectrochemical properties
Authors: Naeem Rabia , Ehsan Muhammad Ali , Rehman Abdul , Yamani Zain Hassan , Hakeem Abbas Saeed , Mazhar Muhammad
Published: February 2018

Novel p–n SnO–TiO2 nanocomposite film electrodes were fabricated through a single step method and their photoelectrocatalytic properties were evaluated.
Magnetic dendritic polymer nanocomposites as supports for palladium: a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions
Authors: Ma Rong , Yang Pengbo , Bian Fengling
Published: February 2018

A novel catalyst Fe3O4@SiO2-Dendrimer-Pd based on palladium immobilized on magnetic dendritic polymer nanocomposites was successfully synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, EA, XRD, TEM, EDX, VSM and XPS.
In situ synthesized SnSe nanorods in a SnOx@CNF membrane toward high-performance freestanding and binder-free lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yuan Haocheng , Jin Yuqiang , Lan Jinle , Liu Yuan , Yu Yunhua , Yang Xiaoping
Published: February 2018

A new ternary composite for high-performance and binder-free anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Achieving a stable Na metal anode with a 3D carbon fibre scaffold
Authors: Zhang Qiu , Lu Yanying , Zhou Meng , Liang Jing , Tao Zhanliang , Chen Jun
Published: February 2018

Resulting from its the chemical affinity and 3D conductive scaffold, the carbon fibre paper suppresses Na dendrite formation and improves the coulombic efficiency and cycling stability.
An electrodeposited molecularly imprinted quartz crystal microbalance sensor sensitized with AuNPs and rGO material for highly selective and sensitive detection of amantadine
Authors: Yun Yaguang , Pan Mingfei , Fang Guozhen , Gu Ying , Wen Wenjun , Xue Rui , Wang Shuo
Published: February 2018

In the present work, a new amantadine imprinted quartz crystal microbalance sensor sensitized by Au nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide material was fabricated by electrodeposition ofo-aminothiophenol by cyclic voltammetry scanning.
Driving mesenchymal stem cell differentiation from self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Tew L. S. , Ching J. Y. , Ngalim S. H. , Khung Y. L.
Published: February 2018

Graphical illustration showing the functional groups that drive MSC differentiation without soluble bioactive cues within the first 14 days.
Fabrication of a hyaluronic acid conjugated metal organic framework for targeted drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Shu Fangpeng , Lv Daojun , Song Xian-Lu , Huang Bin , Wang Chong , Yu Yuzhong , Zhao Shan-Chao
Published: February 2018

DOX-doped MOF nanoparticles were prepared via a one-pot reaction and successively anchored with Fe3+ and HA for simultaneous targeted drug delivery and MR imaging.
Performance enhancement by vertical morphology alteration of the active layer in organic solar cells
Authors: Bi Sheng , Ouyang Zhongliang , Guo Qinglei , Jiang Chengming
Published: February 2018

In this work, the P3HT/PCBM system is used as a benchmark to simulate five vertical configurations which cover all possibilities of donor and acceptor aggregation in the OSC active layer. Uniform blending of donor and acceptor results in the highest PCE.
Complement activation by gold nanoparticles passivated with polyelectrolyte ligands
Authors: Quach Quang Huy , Kah James Chen
Published: February 2018

We reported that the surface area and hydrophilicity of polyelectrolyte-coated gold nanoparticles influence their complement activation, a biological response not well understood to date.
Reduced graphene oxide-supported Ag-loaded Fe-doped TiO2 for the degradation mechanism of methylene blue and its electrochemical properties
Authors: Jaihindh Dhayanantha Prabu , Chen Ching-Cheng , Fu Yen-Pei
Published: February 2018

Graphene oxide-based composites have been developed as cheap and effective photocatalysts for dye degradation and water splitting applications.
Label-free and live cell imaging by interferometric scattering microscopy
Authors: Park Jin-Sung , Lee Il-Buem , Moon Hyeon-Min , Joo Jong-Hyeon , Kim Kyoung-Hoon , Hong Seok-Cheol , Cho Minhaeng
Published: February 2018

Despite recent remarkable advances in microscopic techniques, it still remains very challenging to directly observe the complex structure of cytoplasmic organelles in live cells without a fluorescent label.
Liquid–liquid displacement in slippery liquid-infused membranes (SLIMs)
Authors: Bazyar Hanieh , Lv Pengyu , Wood Jeffery A. , Porada Slawomir , Lohse Detlef , Lammertink Rob G. H.
Published: February 2018

The presence of liquid-lined pores in slippery liquid-infused membranes (SLIM), which is crucial for anti-fouling properties, is investigated.
High-rate oxygen electroreduction over metal-free graphene foams embedding P–N coupled moieties in acidic media
Authors: Li Congling , Chen Zhengyan , Kong Aiguo , Ni Yangyang , Kong Fantao , Shan Yongkui
Published: February 2018

Metal-free P,N-doped carbon catalysts with coupled P–N sites in the carbon matrix demonstrated efficient ORR activity in acidic media.
Morphology control of low temperature fabricated ZnO nanostructures for transparent active layers in all solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wang Kun , Körstgens Volker , Yang Dan , Hohn Nuri , Roth Stephan V. , Müller-Buschbaum Peter
Published: February 2018

Based on the controlled nanostructured ZnO films, long-term stable solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with transparent active layers are prepared at low-temperature conditions.
A pH-sensitive guar gum-grafted-lysine-β-cyclodextrin drug carrier for the controlled release of 5-flourouracil into cancer cells
Authors: Praphakar Rajendran Amarnath , Jeyaraj Murugan , Mehnath Sivaraj , Higuchi Akon , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Rajan Mariappan
Published: February 2018

The physiological environment is a crucial factor in biomedical systems, which can be regulated with relative ease both in vitro and in vivo.
A photostable AIE luminogen with near infrared emission for monitoring morphological change of plasma membrane
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Yu Chris Y. Y. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: February 2018

The morphological changes of plasma membrane can be long-term monitored by an AIEgen with high photostability.
Laser-induced persistent photo-dielectric effects in Se–Te–Sn–Cd chalcogenide glassy semiconductors (STSC ChGs)
Authors: Kumar Amit , Mehta Neeraj
Published: February 2018

We have observed significant variation in the dielectric parameters (i.e., dielectric constant ε′ and dielectric loss ε′′) and a.c. conductivity after exposure of novel multi-component STSC ChGs to laser light of different wavelengths.
A turn-on type mechanochromic fluorescent material based on defect-induced emission: implication for pressure sensing and mechanical printing
Authors: Shi Peijun , Duan Yuai , Wei Wei , Xu Zhenzhen , Li Zhongfeng , Han Tianyu
Published: February 2018

Defect-induced emission enables a turn-on mechanochromic fluorescence for pressure sensing and mechanical printing.
A vertically layered MoS2/Si heterojunction for an ultrahigh and ultrafast photoresponse photodetector
Authors: Qiao Shuang , Cong Ridong , Liu Jihong , Liang Baolai , Fu Guangsheng , Yu Wei , Ren Kailiang , Wang Shufang , Pan Caofeng
Published: February 2018

The CVD prepared V-MoS2 heterojunction photodetector exhibits excellent photoelectric performances in a wide broadband with high responsivity, large detectivity, and ultrafast response speed.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites
Authors: Su Xiaoyue , Ma Hao , Wang He , Li Xueliang , Han Xiao Xia , Zhao Bing
Published: February 2018

For the first time SERS on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites is explored. The enhancement mechanism is discussed according to charge transfer.
Enantioselective aza-Friedel–Crafts reaction of cyclic ketimines with indoles using chiral imidazoline–phosphoric acid catalysts
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi , Furukawa Takashi , Hatanaka Tsubasa , Funahashi Yasuhiro
Published: February 2018

A highly enantioselective aza-Friedel Crafts reaction of cyclic 4-aryl-3-oxo-1,2,5-thiadiazol-1,1-oxides as cyclic ketimines with indoles was developed.
2-D and 3-D porous structures from tetrakis(4-thyminylmethylphenyl)methane
Authors: Qi L. , Gundersen L.-L. , Görbitz C. H.
Published: February 2018

Using tetraphenylmethane as a scaffold, a potent hub for generation of organic porous networks has been synthesized by introduction of thymine functionalities in all para-positions.
The molecular mechanism of the inhibition effects of PVCaps on the growth of sI hydrate: an unstable adsorption mechanism
Authors: Xu Jiafang , Li Liwen , Liu Jinxiang , Wang Xiaopu , Yan Youguo , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2018

Adsorption and non-binding-hydrate sites produce synergistic effects that lead to unstable adsorption and inhibition effects (recurring destruction of hydrate).
Reactions of SO2 and NH3 with epoxy groups on the surface of graphite oxide powder
Authors: Xie Wenjing , Weng Lu-Tao , Chan Chak-Keung , Yeung King Lun , Chan Chi-Ming
Published: February 2018

The reactions between the epoxy groups on graphite and graphite oxide surfaces and SO2 as well as NH3 were characterized using ToF-SIMS and XPS.
Ultrafast growth of horizontal GaN nanowires by HVPE through flipping the substrate
Authors: Wu Shaoteng , Wang Liancheng , Liu Zhiqiang , Yi Xiaoyan , Huang Yang , Yang Chao , Wei Tongbo , Yan Jianchang , Yuan Guodong , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin
Published: February 2018

High quality horizontal GaN NWs were ultrafast grown on various sapphires by VLS-HVPE.
Describing oxymethylene ether synthesis based on the application of non-stoichiomsetric Gibbs minimisation
Authors: Ouda M. , Mantei F. K. , Elmehlawy M. , White R. J. , Klein H. , Fateen S.-E. K.
Published: February 2018

A naturally inspired non-Stochastic Global Optimiser is used to describe the synthesis of oxymethylene ethers.
Metal–organic frameworks (ZIF-67) as efficient cocatalysts for photocatalytic reduction of CO2: the role of the morphology effect
Authors: Wang Mang , Liu Jinxuan , Guo Chunmei , Gao Xiaosu , Gong Chenghuan , Wang Yan , Liu Bo , Li Xiaoxin , Gurzadyan Gagik G. , Sun Licheng
Published: February 2018

The two-dimensional ZIF-67 with a leaf-like morphology exhibited the best photocatalytic activity and stability due to the highest CO2 adsorption capability and efficient electron transfer from the excited [Ru(bpy)3]2+ to ZIF-67.
Glass transition in temperature-responsive poly(butyl methacrylate) grafted polymer brushes. Impact of thickness and temperature on wetting, morphology, and cell growth
Authors: Stetsyshyn Yurij , Raczkowska Joanna , Lishchynskyi Ostap , Awsiuk Kamil , Zemla Joanna , Dąbczyński Pawel , Kostruba Andrij , Harhay Khrystyna , Ohar Halyna , Orzechowska Barbara , Panchenko Yurij , Vankevych Petro , Budkowski Andrzej
Published: February 2018

PBMA as temperature-responsive and biocompatible coating.
Fuzzy multiclass active learning for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Samat Alim , Gamba Paolo , Liu Sicong , Li Erzhu , Miao Zelang , Abuduwaili Jilili
Published: February 2018

The possibility theory, which is an extension of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic, has shown considerable potential for solving active learning (AL) problems, particularly for multiclass scenarios’ classification. Hence, two recently proposed fuzzy multiclass AL algorithms (classification ambiguity (CA) and fuzzy C‐order ambiguity (FCOA)) are investigated to properly generalise them for classifying hyperspectral images, and two improved versions of the CA and FCOA are proposed. In addition to comparing the performances of the original and improved algorithms, several other state‐of‐the‐art AL methods are evaluated, such as breaking ties, margin sampling, and multi‐class level uncertainty, with or without diversity criteria such as angle‐based diversity (ABD), clustering‐based diversity (CBD), and enhanced clustering‐based diversity (ECBD). Tests on two benchmark hyperspectral images confirm that the proposed improved algorithms are superior to and more effective than the original ones.
Capacity optimisation for an SAMS considering LCOE and reliability objectives
Authors: Huang Chao‐Ming , Chen Shin‐Ju , Yang Sung‐Pei , Huang Yann‐Chang , Chen Po‐Yi
Published: February 2018

This study proposes a novel method to optimally allocate capacity for a stand‐alone microgrid system (SAMS). An SAMS is usually found on offshore islands or in the areas, where electricity cannot be delivered by utility companies. With the continuing development of renewable energy, the photovoltaic (PV) plant, wind turbine generator and battery energy storage system are integrated into an SAMS to reduce generation cost, mitigate environmental damage and increase generation efficiency. In terms of the uncertainty of renewable generation and to allow optimal capacity allocation for an SAMS, a combination of a Monte Carlo simulation, an enhanced charged system search algorithm and a Pareto‐based fuzzy decision‐making method is used in this study. The objectives considered are the minimisation of both the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) and the expected energy not supplied. An efficient scheme that reduces the convergence time is also developed. The proposed method is tested using an SAMS that is located on an offshore island of Taiwan. Testing results show that the proposed method produces more stable convergence, lower LCOE value, smaller PV capacity and lower power curtailment than those for the differential evolution and particle swarm optimisation methods.
Fault diagnosis using particle filter for MEA typical components
Authors: Hongliang Li , Yannian Hui , Jianglei Qu , Haocheng Sun
Published: February 2018

More electric aircraft (MEA) is a developing trend in modern aerospace engineering aiming for a reduction of the aircraft weight, operation cost and environmental impact through putting more emphasis on the utilisation of electrical power. It has many advantages, but also increases the complexity of the aircraft. Therefore, the requirements of prognostic and health management for MEA are needed. The method that using sequential importance re‐sampling (SIR) particle filtering state estimation and smoothed residual to diagnose fault for typical components is discussed. The simulation results show that this method can locate faults accurately and quickly.
A NIKA view of two star-forming infrared dark clouds: Dust emissivity variations and mass concentration
Authors: Rigby A. J. , Peretto N. , Adam R. , Ade P. , André P. , Aussel H. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Bracco A. , Bideaud A. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , Clark C. J. R. , Comis B. , De Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Driessen E. F. C. , Goupy J. , Kramer C. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Macías-Pérez J. F. , Mauskopf P. , Mayet F. , Monfardini A. , Pascale E. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Ponthieu N. , Revéret V. , Ritacco A. , Romero C. , Roussel H. , Ruppin F. , Schuster K. , Sievers A. , Triqueneaux S. , Tucker C. , Zylka R.
Published: February 2018

Context.The thermal emission of dust grains is a powerful tool for probing cold, dense regions of molecular gas in the interstellar medium, and so constraining dust properties is key to obtaining accurate measurements of dust mass and temperature.

Aims.By placing constraints on the dust emissivity spectral index,β, towards two star-forming infrared dark clouds – SDC18.888–0.476 and SDC24.489–0.689 – we aim to evaluate the role of mass concentration in the associated star-formation activity.

Methods.We exploited the simultaneous 1.2 and 2.0 mm imaging capability of the NIKA camera on the IRAM 30 m telescope to construct maps ofβfor both clouds, and by incorporatingHerschelobservations, we created H2column density maps with 13′′ angular resolution.

Results.While we find no significant systematic radial variations around the most massive clumps in either cloud on ≳0.1 pc scales, their meanβvalues are significantly different, withβ̅ = 2.07 ± 0.09 (random) ± 0.25 (systematic) for SDC18.888–0.476 andβ̅ = 1.71 ± 0.09 (random) ± 0.25 (systematic) for SDC24.489–0.689. These differences could be a consequence of the very different environments in which both clouds lie, and we suggest that the proximity of SDC18.888–0.476 to the W39 HIIregion may raiseβon scales of ~1 pc. We also find that the mass in SDC24.489–0.689 is more centrally concentrated and circularly symmetric than in SDC18.888–0.476, and is consistent with a scenario in which spherical globally-collapsing clouds concentrate a higher fraction of their mass into a single core than elongated clouds that will more easily fragment, distributing their mass into many cores.

Conclusions.We demonstrate thatβvariations towards interstellar clouds can be robustly constrained with high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) NIKA observations, providing more accurate estimates of their masses. The methods presented here will be applied to the Galactic Star Formation with NIKA2 (GASTON) guaranteed time large programme, extending our analysis to a statistically significant sample of star-forming clouds.
Redescription of Paradiplozoon hemiculteri (Monogenea, Diplozoidae) from the type host Hemiculter leucisculus, with neotype designation
Authors: Jirsová Dagmar , Ding Xuejuan , Civáňová Kristína , Jirounková Eliška , Ilgová Jana , Koubková Božena , Kašný Martin , Gelnar Milan
Published: February 2018

Paradiplozoon hemiculteri (Ling, 1973), a member of the Diplozoidae, parasitizes the gills of Asian fish. Not only is the type material unavailable for this species, the original description was poor and somewhat conflicting, and adequate molecular data were not available. What is more, the available morphological and molecular data are inconsistent and fluctuate significantly. Here, we present a redescription of P. hemiculteri based on morphological and molecular data from new isolates collected from the type host, the sharpbelly Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855), captured at the neotype locality (Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, southern China); a neotype for P. hemiculteri was designated from this collection. The length and width of the body, buccal suckers, pharynx, attachment clamps, sickle and the central hook handle were all measured and the shape of the anterior and posterior part of the median plate and anterior and posterior joining sclerites accurately documented. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the second rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) indicated that all new samples clustered together and differed clearly from sequences attributed to P. hemiculteri, which are deposited in GenBank. Our results confirm that P. hemiculteri is the only diplozoid that has demonstrably been found on the gills of H. leucisculus to date.
A solution for future designs using techniques from vernacular architecture in southern Iran
Authors: Mirahmadi Fatima , Altan Hasim
Published: February 2018

Nowadays in modern life, every technology and technique for comfortable life is available. People with low income, in other words, with low levels of economic power, can also have those facilities to stay warm in winter and stay cool in summer. Many years back when there were no advanced systems for human needs, passive strategies played a big role in peoples' lives. This paper concentrates on a small city in Iran that had used special strategies to solve peoples' environmental issues. The city is called Evaz, which is located in the Fars region of Iran with distance around 20 km from Gerash city and 370 km from south east of Shiraz. Evaz receives minimum rainfall, which is the reason why water is limited in this area and therefore, cisterns (water storage) had been used for many years that is studied in more detail in this paper. In summers, the climate is hot and dry, sometimes the external temperatures reaching around 46 °C during the day. Although the winters are typically cold and likewise dry, moderate climate is available in Evaz during autumn and spring. This study identifies some of the past strategies and describes them in detail with analysis for transformation and connections with the modern and traditional fundamentals. Furthermore, the study develops some solutions utilizing a combination of both modern and traditional techniques in design to suggest better and more effective ways to save energy, and at the same time to remain sustainable for the future.
The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Organophosphate Chemistry
Authors: Jessen H.
Published: February 2018

Phosphate esters and anhydrides are abundant motifs in biologically important molecules. Their chemical synthesis, modification, and purification are still challenging tasks often restricted to specialized laboratories. The isolation and analytical characterization of novel highly charged (poly)phosphorylated natural products comes with many challenges but also opportunities. Understanding the in vivo function of such molecules is another central endeavor. More often than not, studies into the function of charged metabolites are hampered by insufficient cellular uptake and thus delivery technologies are in high demand. Overall, research in this field requires several complementary approaches. This account discusses selected examples of some emerging technologies in organophosphate chemistry, with a focus on recent achievements in the authors laboratory usually in the context of diverse collaborative efforts.

1 Prologue

2 Introduction

3 The Inositol Phosphates and Pyrophosphates

3.1 Novel Synthetic Approaches

3.2 Stereochemical Assignment

3.3 A Protecting Group Concept for Phosphates

3.4 Cellular Delivery

3.5 Selected Examples of New Biology

4 Nucleotides

4.1 Iterative Phosphorylation

4.2 Bidirectional Phosphorylation

5 Conclusion

6 Outlook
3-(Triflyloxy)benzynes Enable the Regiocontrolled Cycloaddition of Cyclic Ureas to Synthesize 1,4-Benzodiazepine Derivatives
Authors: Ikawa Takashi , Akai Shuji , Kaneko Hideki , Yamamoto Yuta , Arulmozhiraja Sundaram , Tokiwa Hiroaki
Published: February 2018

A versatile synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives through the reaction of various 3-(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)benzynes with N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)imidazolidin-2-ones is reported. This reaction system provides a 1,4-benzodiazepine bearing a trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group as a single regioisomer among the four possible regioisomers.
Intraoperative Seizures Detected as Increased Bispectral Index Values during Posterior Fossa Surgeries
Authors: Srinivas Deepti , Radhakrishnan Muthuchellappan , Chakrabarti Dhritiman , Lakshmegowda Manjunatha , Manohar Nitin
Published: February 2018

We present a case series of four cerebellopontine angle surgeries with intraoperative detection seizure activity. The cases discussed follow the uniform anesthetic protocol of maintenance with infusion of propofol, fentanyl and dexmedetomidine excluding muscle relaxant, targeted to maintain bispectral index (BIS) in the range of 40 to 60. The cases experienced either of the two scenarios: (I) Unexplained increased or widely varying BIS values associated with increases in BIS electromyography (EMG) and motor manifestation of seizure activity in limbs. (2) Varying BIS values with EMG activation of facial nerve monitoring without motor manifestation in limbs. A common theme noticed in all these cases was the utilisation of tranexamic acid in cumulative doses of 25 to 30 mg/kg and amelioration of the seizure activity with a loading dose of phenytoin (15 mg/kg). A hypothesis is being presented linking intraoperative seizures with a combination of tranexamic acid utilisation.
The Use of Ultrasound as a Potential Adjunct to Cell-Free Fetal DNA Screening for Aneuploidy at Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
Authors: Scholl Jessica , Chasen Stephen
Published: February 2018

Objective To evaluate the utility of ultrasound in identifying fetuses with uncommon chromosomal abnormalities that would be considered not detectable by cell-free fetal deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA).

Study Design We performed a retrospective study of fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities that would be undetectable by cfDNA, who underwent an 11- to 14-week ultrasound from 2006 to 2016.

Results There were 43 pregnancies included. First-trimester ultrasound revealed a fetal abnormality in 19 (44.2%) cases, of which 13 (30.2%) had a thickened nuchal translucency. There were an additional four fetuses with second-trimester sonographic abnormalities. Overall, 23 (53.5%) fetuses were found to have a major anomaly diagnosed by ultrasound. The rate of first-trimester sonographic abnormalities varied widely based on category of chromosomal abnormalities with high rates seen with triploidy (87.5%) and autosomal trisomy (80%) and lower rates seen with structurally abnormal chromosomes (33.3%), trisomy mosaicism (27.3%), other forms of mosaicism (11.1%), and deletions or duplications (25.0%), p < 0.001.

Conclusion The majority of fetuses with uncommon chromosomal abnormalities in our cohort had major sonographic anomalies. The use of first-trimester ultrasound with nuchal translucency measurement may offer utility in identifying fetuses with risk of aneuploidy that would not be detectable with cfDNA.
Symptomatische Kopfschmerzen
Authors: Mylius V. , Teepker M.
Published: February 2018

Kopfschmerzen werden in idiopathische bzw. symptomatische Formen unterschieden; die International Headache Society (IHS) hat hierfür Kriterien definiert. Die idiopathischen Erkrankungen werden dabei phänomenologisch unterschieden, die symptomatischen anhand ihrer Ätiologie. Diese Differenzierung ist sinnvoll, da bei symptomatischen Kopfschmerzen mitunter eine kausale Therapie möglich ist.

Aufgrund von Gemeinsamkeiten hinsichtlich ihrer Klinik, Pathophysiologie und Therapie sind die Grenzen zwischen diesen Kopfschmerzgruppen aber nicht immer eindeutig. In einigen Fällen wurde eine Neubewertung hinsichtlich einer idiopathischen bzw. symptomatischen Genese notwendig.
Physiotherapie bei kolorektalen Erkrankungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters
Authors: Brock A. , Lacher M. , Gürnth N.
Published: February 2018

Viele Kinder mit kolorektalen Erkrankungen leiden unter chronischer Verstopfung oder Stuhlinkontinenz, deren Ursache auch in einer muskulären Dysbalance oder neuronalen Störung des Beckenbodens begründet sein kann. Therapeutische Behandlungsansätze stellen die sakrale Nervenstimulation, Biofeedback oder die Beckenbodengymnastik dar. Letztere findet ihren Ansatzpunkt im Erlernen und Verbessern der Perzeption des knöchernen Beckens und muskulären Beckenbodens. Bewusste Körperwahrnehmung bildet die Grundlage für aktives Beckenbodentraining. Das Alignement und die Mobilitätsprüfungen geben Rückschlüsse auf den Tonus der Beckenbodenmuskulatur. Atemtherapeutische Maßnahmen wie auch Dehnlagerungen, aktive und passive Techniken können die Darmperistaltik und das Atemgleichgewicht positiv beeinflussen. Anschließend werden Muskelimbalancen mithilfe der gewonnenen Perzeption und Atemtechniken aktiv in den Normotonus trainiert. Grundlage hierfür bilden Mobilisations-, Koordinationsund Gleichgewichtsübungen in verschiedenen Ausgangsstellungen. Eine spaßorientierte und vertrauensvolle Therapieeinheit begünstigt den Lernerfolg und motiviert das Kind zur Durchführung des individuellen Hausübungsprogrammes.
ARDS – Ein Update – Teil 1: Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie und Diagnostik
Authors: Dembinski Rolf , Mielck Frank
Published: February 2018

Das akute Lungenversagen (Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS) ist inzwischen seit mehr als 50 Jahren als schwerwiegende Komplikation unterschiedlicher Grunderkrankungen gefürchtet [1]. Häufig leiden ARDS-Patienten langfristig unter schwerwiegenden Beeinträchtigungen – auch nach primär erfolgreicher Therapie. Der erste Teil dieses Updates gibt einen aktualisierten Überblick zu Definition, Epidemiologie und Pathophysiologie des ARDS.
Behandlung der Sepsis und des septischen Schocks – die neuen Leitlinien
Authors: Rahmel Tim
Published: February 2018

Die neue Leitlinie der Surviving Sepsis Campaign wurde im Jahr 2016 überarbeitet und im Jahr 2017 veröffentlicht. Darüber hinaus änderte sich durch „Sepsis-3“ die Definition der Sepsis im Jahr 2016 grundlegend, von einer Inflammation mit Infektion hin zu einer „lebensbedrohlichen Organ-Dysfunktion, die durch eine fehlregulierte Wirtsreaktion“ verursacht wird. Um die große Herausforderung zu bewältigen, die neuen Erkenntnisse zur Sepsisbehandlung mit der neuen Definition zu vereinen, wurden die Leitlinien vollständig neu strukturiert und umfassend überarbeitet. Die Leitlinie diskutiert die sepsisspezifische Behandlung und gibt Empfehlungen für allgemeine intensivmedizinische Maßnahmen. Der Artikel fasst die wichtigsten Empfehlungen zusammen und diskutiert zusätzlich einige entscheidende Änderungen. Dies soll den Leser ermutigen, die neue Leitlinie in den klinischen Alltag zu übernehmen und somit die Prognose der Patienten, die an einer Sepsis oder einem septischem Schock leiden, zu verbessern.
UV-B-Therapie von Hautkrankheiten: ein Update zu Indikationen, Wirksamkeit, Nebenwirkungen und Durchführung
Authors: Lehmann P.
Published: February 2018

Seit Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts ist die UV-B-Phototherapie eine der tragenden Säulen der vielfältigen dermatologischen Therapiestrategien, die ständig weiterentwickelt wurden. Diese Weiterentwicklungen betrafen sowohl die Strahlenquellen mit effektiveren Aktionsspektren (Schmalspektrum UV-B) als auch Studien zu verschiedenen Kombinationsschemata mit externen und systemischen Pharmaka.

Die Psoriasis stellt nach wie vor die Hauptindikation für eine UV-B-Therapie dar. Im Laufe der Jahre hat sich das Indikationsspektrum deutlich erweitert.

Akute Nebenwirkungen sind Sonnenbrände durch falsche Dosierungen, wichtiger sind potenzielle chronische Nebenwirkungen wie die chronische aktinische Hautschädigung, inklusive der Photokarzinogenese. Die praktische Durchführung erfordert Erfahrung, auch wenn sie in Leitlinien sehr umfassend widergegeben ist.
Der aktuelle Stellenwert von PUVA- und UVA-1-Therapie als sichere und wirksame Therapieoptionen bei zahlreichen Hautkrankheiten
Authors: Schilling L. , Tanew A. , Vogt T. , Reichrath J.
Published: February 2018

Sonnenlicht wurde von vielen Kulturvölkern schon vor langer Zeit zu gesundheitlichen Zwecken genutzt. Schon damals wurden photosensibilisierende Pflanzenbestandteile topisch oder systemisch angewendet, bevor die Haut dem Sonnenlicht ausgesetzt wurde. Nach Jahrzehnten der erfolgreichen Anwendung haben sich PUVA- und UVA-1-Phototherapie heute als sichere und effektive Standardoptionen zur Behandlung zahlreicher Dermatosen etabliert, wobei die UVA-1-Therapie in der Regel nur von spezialisierten Zentren angeboten wird. Unter Berücksichtigung internationaler Empfehlungen soll zur Minimierung des Langzeitrisikos die Anzahl der PUVA-Behandlungen in der Regel 200 – 250 nicht übersteigen. Bei einer Überschreitung dieser Zahl ist die Indikation für weitere PUVA-Behandlungen besonders kritisch abzuwägen. Daneben sind dann auch engmaschige Hautkrebsvorsorgeuntersuchungen erforderlich. Um eine noch bessere Risiko-Nutzen-Abwägung sowie Anwendungssicherheit für die Patienten zu gewährleisten, bedarf es weiterer Langzeit-Ergebnisse.
Photodynamische Therapie von Hautkrankheiten: ein Update zu Indikationen, Durchführung, Wirksamkeit und möglichen Nebenwirkungen
Authors: Hommel T. , Szeimies R.-M.
Published: February 2018

Die photodynamische Therapie (PDT) stellt ein etabliertes und zunehmend häufiger durchgeführtes Verfahren im dermatologischen Praxisalltag dar. Hauptindikation zur Durchführung einer PDT ist die Behandlung aktinischer Keratosen, superfizieller sowie nodulärer Basalzellkarzinome und des Morbus Bowen. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch eine PDT hautverjüngende Prozesse in Gang gesetzt werden, was dazu führte, dass die PDT auch im ästhetischen Bereich eingesetzt wird. Vereinzelt findet die PDT aber auch Anwendung in der Behandlung entzündlicher Dermatosen. Nebenwirkungen wie Schmerzen, Rötung und Krustenbildung werden nach ausführlicher Aufklärung in der Regel gut toleriert und führen nur selten zu Therapieabbrüchen oder -verweigerungen. Mit der jüngst zugelassenen Tageslicht-PDT in der Behandlung aktinischer Keratosen steht nun auch ein nahezu schmerzfreies Verfahren zur Verfügung.
Extrakorporale Photopherese in der Dermatologie: ein Update
Authors: Knobler R. , Just U.
Published: February 2018

Das Grundprinzip der extrakorporalen Photopherese (ECP) besteht in der Isolierung von kernhaltigen Blutzellen durch Zentrifugalkraft (Leukapherese), Behandlung des Apheresates mit 8-Methoxypsoralen, Bestrahlung mit ultraviolettem Licht und Reinfusion. Diese Behandlung wurde vor 30 Jahren zunächst für die Therapie des kutanen T-Zell-Lymphoms entwickelt. Da die ECP eine Modulation der durch T-Zellen vermittelten Immunität bewirkt, wurde sie später auch in Indikationen, die auf einer Fehlregulation der zellulären Abwehr beruhen, etabliert. In der Dermatologie zählen hierzu v. a. die akute und chronische Graft-versus-Host-Krankheit, die systemische Sklerose, die therapierefraktäre atopische Dermatitis und bestimmte blasenbildende Autoimmundermatosen. Die ECP kann als wirksame und sichere Therapieoption für diese teils lebensbedrohenden, schmerzhaften und psychisch belastenden Hautkrankheiten angesehen werden. In den meisten Fällen erlaubt die ECP eine Dosisreduktion von Kortikosteroiden. In manchen Indikationen fehlen jedoch noch die für eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Bewertung notwendigen randomisierten Vergleichsstudien.
ARDS – Ein Update – Teil 2: Therapie und Outcome
Authors: Dembinski Rolf , Mielck Frank
Published: February 2018

Das Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) ist nunmehr seit über 50 Jahren als gravierende Komplikation verschiedener Grunderkrankungen bekannt [1]. Trotz intensiver Forschung in all dieser Zeit gibt es hinsichtlich der bestmöglichen Therapie des ARDS auch heute noch viele offene Fragen – insbesondere zur maschinellen Beatmung. Der zweite Teil des Update ARDS gibt einen aktualisierten Überblick zu Therapie und Outcome des ARDS.
Regenerationsmanagement im Sport
Authors: Meyer Tim , Skorski Sabrina , Pfeiffer Mark , Kellmann Michael , Ferrauti Alexander , Hecksteden Anne
Published: February 2018

Massage, Eisbad oder Ausruhen – Es gibt viele beliebte Regenerationsmethoden. Sportler nutzen beispielsweise
Sauna und Massagen als Erholung nach dem Wettkampf. Was ist effektiv? In einem Verbundprojekt untersuchten
Sportwissenschaftler, wie sich unterschiedliche Erholungsmaßnahmen auf die Leistung der Sportler auswirken.
Die Ergebnisse helfen Trainern, Sportphysiotherapeuten und Athleten, das passende Managementorientiert zu
finden.
HardCore 2.0
Authors: Kadlec Daniel
Published: February 2018

Training der Körpermitte – Eine kräftige Mitte sieht nicht nur gut aus, sie schützt auch vor Verletzungen und
steigert die Leistungsfähigkeit. Ferner ermöglicht Rumpfkrafttraining eine angemessene therapeutische Methode
bei unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen und soll diesen sogar vorbeugen. Durch die steigende Popularität von
„Core“-Training sollten sowohl Trainer als auch Therapeuten über die korrekte Funktionsweise, die effektive
Trainierbarkeit und aktuelle wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse informiert sein, um Missverständnisse im
Rumpftraining aufklären zu können.
Equivalence between the Arquès-Walsh sequence formula and the number of connected Feynman diagrams for every perturbation order in the fermionic many-body problem
Authors: Castro E.
Published: February 2018

From the perturbative expansion of the exact Green function, an exact counting formula is derived to determine the number of different types of connected Feynman diagrams. This formula coincides with the Arquès-Walsh sequence formula in the rooted map theory, supporting the topological connection between Feynman diagrams and rooted maps. A classificatory summing-terms approach is used, in connection to discrete mathematical theory.
Modeling of negative ion extraction from a magnetized plasma source: Derivation of scaling laws and description of the origins of aberrations in the ion beam
Authors: Fubiani G. , Garrigues L. , Boeuf J. P.
Published: February 2018

We model the extraction of negative ions from a high brightness high power magnetized negative ion source. The model is a Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm with Monte-Carlo Collisions. The negative ions are generated only on the plasma grid surface (which separates the plasma from the electrostatic accelerator downstream). The scope of this work is to derive scaling laws for the negative ion beam properties versus the extraction voltage (potential of the first grid of the accelerator) and plasma density and investigate the origins of aberrations on the ion beam. We show that a given value of the negative ion beam perveance correlates rather well with the beam profile on the extraction grid independent of the simulated plasma density. Furthermore, the extracted beam current may be scaled to any value of the plasma density. The scaling factor must be derived numerically but the overall gain of computational cost compared to performing a PIC simulation at the real plasma density is significant. Aberrations appear for a meniscus curvature radius of the order of the radius of the grid aperture. These aberrations cannot be cancelled out by switching to a chamfered grid aperture (as in the case of positive ions).
Influence of La–Mn substitutions on magnetic properties of M-type strontium hexaferrites
Authors: Zi Z. F. , Ma X. H. , Wei Y. Y. , Liu Q. C. , Zhang M. , Zhu X. B. , Sun Y. P.
Published: February 2018

M-type strontium hexaferrites of Sr1−xLaxFe12−xMnxO19 (0.0≤x≤0.4) were synthesized by the chemical coprecipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicate that the samples are single-phase with the space group of P63/mmc. The results of field-emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM) show that the grains are regular hexagonal platelets with sizes from 0.7 to 1.4 μm. It is observed that the value of Hc increases at low substitution (x ≤ 0.1), reaches a maximum at x = 0.1 and then decreases at x ≥ 0.1, while the value of Ms decreases monotonously with increasing x. The variations of magnetic properties can be tentatively attributed to the effects of La–Mn substitutions. The results above indicate that our samples might be promising candidates for permanent magnets in the future.
An analytical model for the detection of levitated nanoparticles in optomechanics
Authors: Rahman A. T. M. Anishur , Frangeskou A. C. , Barker P. F. , Morley G. W.
Published: February 2018

Interferometric position detection of levitated particles is crucial for the centre-of-mass (CM) motion cooling and manipulation of levitated particles. In combination with balanced detection and feedback cooling, this system has provided picometer scale position sensitivity, zeptonewton force detection, and sub-millikelvin CM temperatures. In this article, we develop an analytical model of this detection system and compare its performance with experimental results allowing us to explain the presence of spurious frequencies in the spectra.
The depolarization performances of 0.97PbZrO3–0.03Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Su Rigu , Nie Hengchang , Liu Zhen , Peng Ping , Cao Fei , Dong Xianlin , Wang Genshui
Published: February 2018

Several 0.97PbZrO3–0.03Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (0.97PZ–0.03BMN) ceramics were prepared via the columbite precursor method. Their microstructures and pressure-dependent ferroelectric and depolarization performances were then studied. The X-ray diffraction patterns of ground and fresh samples indicate that a main rhombohedral symmetry crystal structure is present in the bulk and that it sits alongside a trace quantity of an orthorhombic antiferroelectric phase that results from the effect of grinding on the surface. The remanent polarization (Pr) of the 0.97PZ–0.03BMN reached 32.4 μC/cm2 at 4.5 kV/mm and ambient pressure. In an in situ pressure-induced current measurement, more than 91% of the retained Pr of the pre-poled sample was released when the pressure was increased from 194 MPa to 238 MPa. That this pressure-driven depolarization should be attributed to the pressure-induced ferroelectric–antiferroelectric phase transition is supported by the emergence of double P–E loops at high hydrostatic pressures. Moreover, the 0.97PZ-0.03BMN ceramics exhibit no temperature-induced phase transitions and little related polarization loss up to 125 °C, which suggests that Pr has excellent thermal stability. The sharp depolarization behavior at low pressures and excellent temperature stability reveal that our 0.97PZ–0.03BMN ceramics exhibit superior performances in mechanical–electrical energy conversion applications.
Transmission and reflection of charge-density wave packets in a quantum Hall edge controlled by a metal gate
Authors: Matsuura Masahiro , Mano Takaaki , Noda Takeshi , Shibata Naokazu , Hotta Masahiro , Yusa Go
Published: February 2018

Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a proposed protocol related to quantum vacuum. The edge channels in a quantum Hall system are well suited for the experimental verification of QET. For this purpose, we examine a charge-density wave packet excited and detected by capacitively coupled front gate electrodes. We observe the waveform of the charge packet, which is proportional to the time derivative of the applied square voltage wave. Further, we study the transmission and reflection behaviors of the charge-density wave packet by applying a voltage to another front gate electrode to control the path of the edge state. We show that the threshold voltages where the dominant direction is switched in either transmission or reflection for dense and sparse wave packets are different from the threshold voltage where the current stops flowing in an equilibrium state.