Functional state of erythrocytes under the extreme physical exertion while supplemented fish oil and ozonated fish oil
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Deryugina А.V. , Yastrebov P.V. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Boyarinov G.А. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Starateleva Yu.А. ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The extreme physical exertion in athletes is a powerful stress factor for the organism and causes an increase in the level of stress hormones, vasoconstriction thus resulting in the microcirculation system disorders, which are largely influenced by erythrocytes. In turn, the movement of erythrocytes through the microcirculatory bed is determined by the state of the physicochemical properties of their membrane depending on the type of lipid phase fatty acids. At the same time, it has been shown that professional athletes have a deficiency of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). The content of n-3 PUFAs in fish oil (FO) determines its use in practice of sports medicine. At the same time, the effectiveness of FO and its ozonated form on the state and functioning of erythrocytes under conditions of temporary homeostasis imbalance due to the extreme physical exertion remains unclear.
Aim. Study of the effect of FO and ozonated FO (OFO) on the functional indices of erythrocytes in rats under the extreme physical exertion.
Materials and methods. The effect of FO and OFO on metabolic and oxidative indices of erythrocytes, erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility (EEM) and their aggregation during modeling of physical activity in rats was studied. Extreme physical exertion in animals was modeled with forced swimming with a load equal to 10% of their body weight. The weight-loaded forced swimming (stress) test was performed 4 times; during the post-exertion recovery, the rats received FO, OFO (with an ozonide number of 3000 or 1500 – OFO-3000 and OFO-1500, respectively) depending on the group. The animals were tested 6 times: parameters were determined at baseline, after the stress test (4 times) and after substance withdrawal (on the 3rd day). The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), EEM and erythrocyte aggregation was measured.
Results. The extreme physical exertion (control group) caused an increase in the MDA concentration, a decrease in EEM and the concentration of ATP and 2,3-DPG in erythrocytes, which was accompanied by an increase in erythrocyte aggregation. The administration of FO during physical exertion determined less pronounced lipid peroxidation, while the administration of OFO-3000 determined induced the most pronounced lipid peroxidation compared to the control group. The lowest oxidative effect during physical exertion was recorded with the administration of OFO-1500. A decrease in lipid peroxidation was accompanied by an increase in the ATP concentration, a decrease in 2,3-DPG, an increase in EEM and a decrease in erythrocyte aggregation.
Conclusion. The use of OFO-1500 most effectively eliminated the processes in rat erythrocytes induced by stress caused by extreme physical exertion.