bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light conditions affect Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. functional traits in an Atlantic Forest, Southeast, Brazil
Authors: Santana Lucas Deziderio , Pereira Kelly Marianne Guimarães , Cordeiro Natielle Gomes , Alves Ana Cristina Atala , Carvalho Fabrício Alvim
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT Solar radiation is one of the aspects which most influence species composition, so light is a limiting factor to tree growth in forests. This study aimed to evaluate the leaf morphological variations between individuals of the Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. species under different light conditions in an urban forest. The fragment is characterized by having an open canopy area and an advanced regeneration stage in which branches of five individuals were collected, totaling 100 leaves. The traits evaluated were leaf area, fresh biomass, dry biomass, water content, specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content. An analysis of variance showed that most of the morphological traits (dry biomass, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content) varied significantly. Furthermore, variables such as dry biomass, water content and leaf area showed a high correlation with fresh biomass in both areas. The morphological variation found in M. splendens allows for creating growth and establishment strategies according to the environmental conditions.
Evaluación preliminar de la inflamabilidad de algunas especies de plantas cultivadas en Colombia
Authors: Alzate-Guarín Fernando , Muñoz Lina , Amell Andrés
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT La inflamabilidad de 11 especies de plantas cultivadas en la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia, se evaluó empleando las variables tiempo de ignición y tiempo de sostenibilidad de la llama, con el objetivo conocer su susceptibilidad a incendiarse y consumirse, utilizando la metodología propuesta por Valette, exponiendo superficies foliares vivas a una fuente de calor externa constante a 420 °C y condiciones controladas. De las especies evaluadas, Costus guanaiensis Rusby y Clusia multiflora Kunth presentaron mayor tiempo de ignición, y menor valor en la sostenibilidad, es decir, presentan tanto un efecto retardante a la incidencia y propagación de incendios, por tanto se recomiendan como cortafuegos especialmente en zonas con alta frecuencia e impacto de incendios.
Analysis of cementitious matrices self-healing with bacillus bacteria
Authors: Muller Vinicius , Pacheco Fernanda , Carvalho Caroline Macedo , Fernandes Franciele , Valiati Victor Hugo , Modolo Regina Celia Espinosa , Ehrenbring Hinoel Zamis , Tutikian Bernardo Fonseca
Published: January 2022

Abstract Bacterial solutions have been studied to promote self-healing of cementitious matrices, however, the concentration of this solutions varied between studies. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate the self-healing potential of different concentrations of Bacillus subtilis AP91 encapsulated in expanded perlite (EP). Visual examination and capillary absorption of water was measured over time. Test samples were also subjected to strength resistance tests. The physiochemical properties of EP and his distribution on the matrix was evaluated. There was no observable trend in the effect of solution concentration on the width of crack healed. However, concentration affected the quantity and length of the fissures healed. Capillary absorption decreased as fissures were healed while no significant changes were measured in strength resistance regardless of the concentration. Results indicated that EP provided suitable encapsulation to the bacterial solution and there is an adequate distribution of the capsules in the cementitious matrix.
Wood-fibre composite connectors for roundwood trusses: structure and material
Authors: Chahade Tarick , Schober Kay-Uwe
Published: January 2022

Timber structures and buildings made from sustainable forestry might be the solution for today's ecological challenges when their renewable materials are locally processed with low energy consumption in production. The current market shows a dominance of rectangular cross-sections in engineered timber solutions. Roundwood – a traditional material in the past – is no longer common due to a lack of applications in modern structures, lost knowledge in handcraft skills and the high costs of computerised numerical control-based manufacturing. However, solid timber with a round cross-section outperforms other engineered wood products, such as glued laminated products, in terms of energy consumption and environmental aspects. To overcome restrictions in joint technologies and to increase the usability of roundwood, especially in truss structures, a new type of connector was developed. The investigation was split into two research topics: the connection design in roundwood with modified bonded-in rods and the design of wood-fibre composite moulded connectors, which is described in this paper.
La filosofía de la ciencia y los derechos humanos en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano
Authors: Marín Gil Johnny
Published: January 2022

Tema y alcance: este artículo de investigación incursiona y profundiza en el concepto de la ciencia social como elemento transformador de la sociedad. Es clave una visión desde el derecho como una ciencia que regula el comportamiento de los seres humanos para mejorar sus condiciones de vida.

Características: la sociedad requiere más humanización y menos números fríos. Las estadísticas y los diagnósticos no son agentes de cambio; por el contrario, el hombre sí.

Hallazgos: el principal punto angular fue la demostración de que la filosofía de la ciencia puede ser una opción de transformación.

Conclusiones: una sociedad basada en el respeto de los derechos humanos y fundada en la dignidad del ser humano es el camino hacia una justicia social. Filosofar, pensar y amar la sabiduría es una opción para la evolución. La ciencia se puede humanizar.
Principles of administrative judiciary in Ukraine
Authors: Leheza Yevhen , Shamara Oleksandr , Chalavan Viktor
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This article is devoted to scientific and theoretical research of modern system of principles for ad-ministrative procedural law in updated conditions of the Ukrainian state development, based on the needs of qualitative provision and realization of legal rights, freedoms and interests of natural and legal persons, in the sphere of public and legal relations. Main content: The author analyzed the administrative law regulations, and the doctrine of administrative proce-dural law as for determining nature and significance of the basic principles, which define the nature, structure, social orientation, and basic properties of legal regulation of this branch of law, and which on the other side create appropriate organizational and functional conditions for administrative procedural activities. Methodology: Materials and methods for research were based on the analysis of documentary sources. The basis is the dialectical method of cognition of the facts of social reality, on which the formal legal and compa-rative legal approaches are largely based. Conclusions: The principles of administrative procedural law can be divided into those that directly reflect the specifics and content of this branch of law, determine its features, purpose, objectives and intention, as well as administrative procedural principles, i.e., basic principles enshrined in administrative procedural law, which do not undergo significant changes, nor determine the nature and content of the activities of all subjects of administrative procedural legal relations.
Role and significance of legal customs in national jurisdictions (in terms of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Pavlovich Anisimov Aleksey , Jakovlevich Ryzhenkov Anatoliy , Viktorovna Sokolskaya Lyudmila
Published: January 2022

In the Russian legal science, there is an established opinion that today legal custom plays a secondary role in the system of sources of law, or even that it is a rudiment and is not required in regulation of social relations anyway. This position of scientists is explained by the fact that theories rejecting custom as a source of law were common in the ussr since the 1920s. There were numerous attempts to substantiate the impossibility and needlessness of its use in a socialist state. It was justified by the fact that custom is a “primitive” form of law that is not capable of efficiently regulating social relations and even hinders their development. Having studied the modern practice of application of customs in various branches of private and public law, the authors give reasons for the conclusion that the scope of legal customs still retains its significance in Russia. It is proved that the role of customs differs in respect of fields of private and public law, occupying an insignificant place within the latter. However, also in that case there is transformation of established ideas about legal customs, their position in the system of sources of law and the role in the system of legal regulation of social relations are revised. The authors of the article substantiate the need to preserve legal custom in the system of sources of law and propose measures to increase the efficiency of their use.
Leonardian fluid mechanics: unexplored flow studies in the Codex Arundel 263
Authors: Macagno Enzo O
Published: January 2022

Text refers to British Library Arundel MS 263.
Estimation of Error Model Parameters for a Rotating FOG-Based Measurement Unit of a Strapdown INS on a Vehicle
Authors:   Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, Emel’yantsev G.I. ,   ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Stepanov A.P. ,   Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC; ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Blazhnov B.A. ,   Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC
Published: January 2022

The paper studies the possibility of updating the parameters of error model of a rotating inertial measurement unit (IMU)with fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOG) in a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS)under operating conditions. The IMU is placed in a two-axis gimbal for modulation rotation.The main focus is made on the estimation of scale factor errors of the FOG and accelerometers, non-orthogonality of their sensitive axes, and relative time delays (group delays) of inertial sensors during the IMU normal rotation according to the navigation solution of the INS in the observation mode of its operation. Also, the paper presents the description and results of estimation of so-called rhumb drifts of the IMU, which may occur due to the perturbingforces associated with the geographical axes or the axes of the system central device body.The research is based on the results of FOG-based INS simulation.
x-RIO: Radar Inertial Odometry with Multiple Radar Sensors and Yaw Aiding
Authors:   Institute of Control Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany, Doer Ch. , Trommer G.F ,   Institute of Control Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Published: January 2022

A robust and accurate real-time navigation system is crucial for autonomous robotics. In particular, GNSS denied and poor visual conditions are still very challenging as vision based approaches tend to fail in darkness, direct sunlight, fog or smoke. Therefore, we are taking advantage of inertial data and FMCW radar sensors as both are not affected by such conditions. In this work, we propose a framework, which uses several 4D mmWave radar sensors simultaneously. The extrinsic calibration of each radar sensor is estimated online. Based on a single radar scan, the 3D ego velocity and optionally yaw measurements based on Manhattan world assumptions are fused. An extensive evaluation with real world datasets is presented. We achieve even better accuracies than state of the art stereo Visual Inertial Odometry (VIO) while being able to cope with degraded visual conditions and requiring only very little computational resources.
Study of an Interferometric Fiber-Optic Gyroscope with a Birefringence Modulator
Authors:   ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Kublanova I.L. , Shulepov V.A. ,   ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Kulikov A.V. ,   ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: January 2022

The paper describes an interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope (IFOG) of a new configuration, i.e., with a birefringence modulator (IFOG-BRM) is proposed. According to the proposed scheme, a prototype model of the device has been assembled and tested to estimate its drift on a stationary base. Dependence of the IFOG-BRM drift on the temperature has been determined. According to the test results, the error of angular rate estimation is 0.05 deg/h; however, high sensitivity of the device to the absolute temperature variations has been revealed.
Potential effects of genetic polymorphism on anesthesia use for COVID-19 infected patients at intensive care unit
Authors: Sara AR , Mohamed Raslan , Eslam MS , Nagwa A Sabri
Published: January 2022

Background: New coronavirus disease is considered one of the most widely spreading viral infections all over the world. Increased numbers of severe COVID-19 cases are growing up. Severe cases require ICU mechanical ventilation and hence anesthesia requirement. Aim: Reviewing of different genetic polymorphisms which might affect patient clinical response, safety and tolerability to different types of anesthesia used in severe COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Main body of the abstract: Severity of COVID-19 infection resulted from cytokine storm that leads to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) contribute in ICUs mechanical ventilation and anesthesia. Genetic polymorphisms showed to contribute in wide variation in anesthetic responses. Different polymorphic genes of RYR1, CACNA1S, MTHFR, OPRM1, ABCB1, CYP2B6 and others, play a main role in such variations. Different types of anesthesia as sevoflurane, midazolam, suxamethonium, nitrous oxide, fentanyl, and propofol showed altered pharmacokinetics and/or dynamics leading to a lack of anesthetic effect and incidence of life-threatening adverse effects as malignant hyperthermia, myocardial infarction, dyspnea, and others. Short conclusion: Genetic screening is a serious step to take into consideration to identify genetic polymorphic types that may alter the anesthetic effect in ICUs ventilation. Besides, it will avoid possible adverse effects and different sedation response variations. Sevoflurane, Fentanyl, and propofol can be taken into consideration as a safe choice for use in ICUs taking into consideration genetic polymorphic variants.
[RETRACTED] Elite Power CBD Gummies Reviews: Extract (CBD Gummy) Dragons Den Price! v1
Authors: Power CBD Gummies Elite
Published: January 2022

[RETRACTED]

https://www.mynewsdesk.com/iexponet/pressreleases/power-cbd-gummy-bears-reviews-uk-and-canada-dragons-den-new-elite-power-cbd-gummies-uk-2022-3152973
The efficacy of telemedicine using videoconferencing system in outpatient care for cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol v2
Authors: Uemoto Yasuaki , Yamanaka Taro , Kataoka Yuki , Wada Yoshitaka , Aoyama Yosuke , Kizawa Rika , Yamaguchi Yu , Kikawa Yuichiro , Mukai Hirohumi , Taira Naruto
Published: January 2022

Further research is needed to compare the impact of interactive Telemedicine using videoconferencing systems with usual face-to-face care in the outpatient with cancer. The aim of this study is to review systematically the efficacy of interactive telemedicine using videoconferencing systems in this setting, including feasibility, satisfaction and cost.
Childcare services v1
Authors: AE Alex Alex
Published: January 2022

15 Festive and Fun Christmas Craft Activities for Childcare Centers
test request doi v1
Authors: Gillespie Tom
Published: January 2022

does this work?
HUMAN POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHERNIVTSI REGION: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, TELESHMAN Victor
Published: January 2022

An important role in opportunity-building to ensure decent living conditions and to improve the human capacity of any territory is played by development and quality functioning of all elements of a large social complex, but their underdevelopment in contemporary realities could have an impact on decline in key socioeconomic indicators of quality of life and social well-being, and at the same time could be one of the main disincentives of state growth and existence in general. In turn, insufficient study of the influence of social infrastructure on people, their potential on regional level, makes it impossible to build effective integrated development strategies and reflects a low level of awareness of the real issues on the ground. In terms of historical characteristics, geographical location, economic and demographic features of the territory, Chernivtsi region was chosen for the study. The main objectives were to study the dynamics of formation and functioning of certain elements of social infrastructure of the region, their problems and solutions for the region as a whole. The article analyzes the system of indicators characterizing main categories of social infrastructure of the region under study. A number of problems have been identified, the main ones considered to be reduction of the total number of infrastructure and providers of services to the public and significant disparities in social infrastructure development between rural areas and urban settlements. Complex maps have been built, that reflect the state of individual components of social infrastructure and graphs that demonstrate the dynamics of the studied indicators in the region. A number of quick and effective measures to improve the state of social infrastructure in Chernivtsi region are proposed, aimed at overcoming existing problems and providing the harmonious development of people and their potential.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF KRYVORIZHIA: ECONOMIC BENEFITS, TECHNOGENIC CONSEQUENCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, NAZARUK Mykola , OSTROUSHKO Maksym ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: January 2022

The rapid economic development of Kryvyi Rih and large-scale geospatial changes in the territory are associated with the development of the iron ore basin and the development of the mining and industrial complex and ferrous metallurgy enterprises of the city. The study aims to highlight the positive economic factors of industrial development in the region and to study the whole complex of geospatial changes in the territory. The task of the research is also to understand the negative environmental consequences and ways to solve the problems of environmental pollution. As a result of studying historical sources and cartographic materials in the study it was possible to understand the patterns of spatial development of the city and the scale of geospatial changes in Kryvyi Rih. In the course of the work, objects of anthropogenic landscapes, water bodies and territories of industrial enterprises were studied and plotted on the city map. This made it possible to understand the peculiarities of the location, the scale of the transformation of the territory and man-made danger. The development of industry in addition to the clear economic benefits brought the city a number of environmental problems and man-made hazards such as: (1) сoncentration of potentially dangerous objects in the city (mines, quarries, dumps, sludge storages, waste cavities, etc.), which require annual discharge of excess return water; (2) formation of abysmal landscapes, which is associated with underground mining of iron ores and the displacement of adjacent blocks of native rocks; (3) the presence of waste from the extractive industry, which is presented in the form of dumps, sludge storages, heaps and landfills, forming zones of man-made desertification, the area of which by the end of the XX century. amounted to about 8% of the total territory of Ukraine; (4) emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere by the enterprises of the complex, which annually amount to more than 260 thousand tons (according to the Dnipropetrovsk regional council); (5) soil pollution as a result of industrial enterprises; (6) water pollution by heavy metals, which occurs due to discharges of insufficiently treated water by enterprises of the mining, metallurgical and metalworking industries directly into the rivers of the region.
ONLINE WRITING INSTRUCTION IN EMERGENCY SETTING: EXPLORING THE INSTRUCTIONAL CAPACITY OF DIGITAL SUPPORT
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Kavytska Tamara , Drobotun Viktoriia ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Draginda Olha ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: January 2022

Introduction. This paper reports on the results of the initial stage of the study targeted at carrying out a comprehensive comparative research into the educational capacity of two online tools that were used to teach academic writing to university students in the emergency online learning under the COVID-19 pandemic. Since this kind of online educational activity was meaningfully different from well-planned online experiences in terms of planning, preparation, and development, the authors were required to find the tools and online platform to match a range of criteria, such as: accessibility of the tool/platform; high task generation capacity; feedback generation capacity as well as the capacity to disable academic dishonesty. The objective of this paper is to consider the impact of technological support of online writing instruction on the quality of the students’ cause-effect essays as well as on building writing skills of the learners. Methodology. The research is designed as an experimental online training of the 3rd-year students of the Institute of Philology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (n=42). Authors 1 and 2 acted as teachers in the process of online writing instruction with the involvement of ZenGengo and PaperRater platforms, which, presumably, adds limitations to this research. Results and discussion. The research results prove a positive impact of the indicated online platforms on improving the overall quality of students’ written products. However, the data obtained show an uneven impact of the platforms on both improving the quality of a written product and the development of students’ integrated writing skills. Language, rhetorical, and textual skills of students were more influenced as opposed to the ability to integrate information from reading/listening sources. The overall conclusion drawn from the research exploration is that only targeted choice of online tools can lead to significant improvement in targeted skills. For online learning to be effective, the tools used in it need to be user-friendly and have a strong potential for optimization in terms of time-consumption and labor-intensiveness. Further prospects for research lie in exploring the educational potential of other platforms as well as investigating the impact of using multimedia tools on other aspects of academic writing
USING TWO OPTIONS FOR CONJUGATING WAVE FIELDS IN THE METHOD OF PARTIAL DOMAINS
Authors:   Institute of Hydromechanics of NAS Ukraine, Grinchenko V. T. , Husak V. O. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Matsypura V. T. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: January 2022

The paper considers the use of two options of conjugation of wave fields in the method of partial domains: the first is the conjugation of wave fields in the sense of the root mean square approximation, the second is the pointwise conjugation of wave fields. A solution is obtained for the problem of radiation from one or two flat pistons into a wedge-shaped waveguide. It is shown that with the same number of modes in partial domains, the version of the root mean square approximation is more accurate. A quite acceptable calculation accuracy was obtained for the option of pointwise conjugation of fields at a certain value of the wave distance between the nodal points.
Regional Reform and Its Impact on the Electoral Behavior during 2012 and 2017 Presidential Elections in France
Authors: Zakharova E.
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the 2015 territorial reform in France which reduced the number of regions and changed jurisdiction of the center and regions. In the paper the authors try to learn whether and how this reform affected electoral behavior in the regions during the first round of 2012 and 2017 presidential elections, whether there is a difference between them, and what are the voting patterns in French regions. The author used Moran’s index of spatial autocorrelation in order to answer the questions and analyze “neighborhood effect”. Besides the researcher employed multivariate explanatory data analysis to uncover the electoral patterns. Among the variables underlying the patterns the author selected socio-economic and demographic ones, as well as the number of criminal acts against Muslim-migrants in the context of the 2015 migrant crisis in Europe. The scholar concludes that territorial reform mitigated the neighborhood effect in regional electoral behavior which indicates the process of decentralization. As for electoral patterns, it is in the Eastern regions where the citizens vote for Marin Le Pen given high levels of migration and unemployment there. In the West where migration and unemployment are low people tend to choose a candidate whose agenda is not centered around migrants. The winner usually gets support from the capital region where migration and unemployment are low but many criminal acts against Muslim-migrants were reported. Consequently, the reform itself did not change electoral patterns in the regions which indicates the tendency towards recentralization and leaves the capital region in the center of political process.
Different realms of twin block- A review article
Authors: Dogra Binny , Handa Amit , Chakravarthy Nareen , Sarda Aditi Subhashchandraji , Chavan Apurva , Nalawade Komal
Published: January 2022

Malocclusions need to intercepted at an early developing stage to prevent severe disturbing outcomes. In all reported cases, Class II is one of the most common malocclusions that is seen which requires treatment using functional appliances as it presents with considerable difficulty in later stages. Twin block has the advantage of versatility of appliance designs and they meet a wide range of requirements for correction of various types of malocclusions for patients. The aim of this study is to include all modifications that could be incorporated in the appliance design to be customized to individual patients according to their need.
Smile esthetics perceptivity among dental practitioners and other professionals
Authors: Anbarasu Prema , Lenin Amritha , Subramanian Saravana Kumar
Published: January 2022

To evaluate the perception of ten commandments of the smile esthetics among dental practioners and other professionals.

The study population consisted of 540 samples (GroupI: 260 dental practitioners and Group II: 280 other professionals). A web based survey was conducted using google forms. Questionnaire was prepared including all the 10 variables determining smile esthetics using various smile photograph. Each questions has 4 options (A- ideal smile esthetics, B- mild deviation from ideal smile esthetics, C - moderate deviation and D- Marked deviation).The participants were asked to select the most attractive smile (the best options) for each of the ten variables that determines the smile esthetics. The rate the attractiveness of different smile variables were assessed by two group of the study population.

Option A received the highest no: of responses for all the components of smile esthetics by both the dental and other professionals except the sixth and eighth smile component (gingival exposure and midline) where more responses received towards mild deviation from ideal by the other professional than the dental professional.

There is no significant difference between the smile esthetic perception betwen the dental professionals and the other professionals. Orthodontist should pay more attention to improve smile esthetics in coordination with other dental speciality in addition to the correction of malocclusion
Orthodontic management of skeletal Class II malocclusion using three mini-implants- A case report
Authors: V P Shahanamol , Antony Vincy , Roshan Gazanafer , Ali Junaid
Published: January 2022

Vertical dimension issues are frequently regarded as the most difficult dentofacial problems to treat in clinical practice. The difficulty level increases when vertical dysplasia is paired with sagittal discrepancy. The use of mini-implants in Orthodontics has broadened the scope of orthodontic treatment options. The treatment of a 14-year-old female patient with skeletal Class II malocclusion, slight hyperdivergent profile, and enhanced incisor visibility with four premolar extraction followed by comprehensive orthodontic treatment to correct the convex profile and increased incisor visibility, with two posterior implants for retraction and a midline mini implant for intrusion of the anterior maxillary dentoalveolar segment is described in this case report. The active therapy period was 25 months long.
Public investment profile for climate risk reduction in Barbados: a macroeconomic cost-benefit analysis for reducing the socio-economic risk of coastal erosion
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: January 2022

The “Study on Disaster Risk Management A macroeconomic cost-benefit analysis for reducing the socio-economic risk of coastal erosion”, a dynamic modelling approach was developed to quantify the macroeconomic costs and benefits of investment in disaster risk reduction. The goal of the developed tool was multifaceted, with emphasis on assessing mixes of disaster risk reduction and financial protection instruments, and with a focus on addressing shortfalls in current disaster risk modelling methods. This work serves as the final report of the project and presents the results of an application of the developed Dynamic Model of Multi-hazard Mitigation Co-benefits (DYNAMMICs) framework to the country case of Barbados, demonstrating the applicability of the approach through empirical assessment of DRR investment options to combat coastal hazards facing the island country.
Pengaruh Refugia Bunga Telekan (Tagetes erecta) dan Bunga Kertas (Zinnia elegans) pada Populasi Artropoda dan Hasil Tanaman Padi
Authors: Azizah Nur , Rahayu Ahadiyat Yugi , Farid Noor , Herliana Okti
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of refugia (Tagetes erecta and Zinnia elegans) plants on the relative abundance and diversity of Arthropod's dominance in the rice plant area and on rice yield. The Arthropods were observed by the visual control method at each rice growth stage. Observations were made during 15 minutes in five plots of rice area and one refugium block at three different times (08.00‒10.00, 12.00‒14.00, and 15.00‒17.00. The morphological features were identified and recorded to identify the species level and grouped according to their ecological niches. The relative abundance and Shannon Diversity Index were calculated. The rice plants' growth data and yield components were analyzed by ANOVA followed by DMRT if there were any significant differences among the treatments. Relative abundance of dominant arthropods on rice land planted with Zinnia elegans was Solenopsis geminata (11.07%), Leptocorisa oratorius (38.37%), and Hypolimnas bolina (0.17%) with species diversity index values of 3.25%; 2.94%, and 2.56%, respectively. In contrast, the relative abundance of arthropods in rice land planted with Tagetes erecta were Cardiochiles philippinensis (8.84%), Oxya chinensis (25.45%), and Scirpophaga incertulas (0.34%) with moderate diversity index values. The Tagetes erecta gave an equivalent result of rice yield with the control, namely 8,10 t/ha and 7,60 t/ha, respectively, while the Zinnia elegans offers rice yield of 6,30 t/ha.

 

Keywords: arthropod diversity, paddy yield, Tagetes erecta L, Zinnia elegans
Skrining dan Identifikasi Bakteri Laut Penghasil Enzim Selulase yang Berasosiasi dengan Spons
Authors: Astuti Rika Indri , Putera Saju Yohanes Bernadino , Aribah Dina , Wahyudi Aris Tri
Published: January 2022

Marine bacteria associated with sponges can be used as a source of new enzymes, especially cellulase which are potentially used for various industries. The aim of this study was to screen and identify the cellulolytic bacteria associated with sponges. A total of 38 isolates have been successfully isolated from sponges Aaptos sp., Euryspongia sp., and Haliclona sp. by a spread plate method. Amongst 38 isolates, 14 (37%) showed cellulolytic activities in carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) medium with a cellulolytic index ranging from 0.31 to 1.63. The three highest cellulolytic index was exhibited by bacterial isolates coded Y.5.10, Y.5.11, and Y.40.6. Isolates Y.5.10, Y.5.11, and Y.40.6 showed cellulolytic activity of 0.0053 U/mL; 0.0083 U/mL; and 0.0124 U/mL, respectively, as were tested by spectrophotometry. The highest specific enzymatic activity was showed by isolate Y.40.6 with a value of 0.3391 U/mg. Based on 16S rRNA gene, isolate Y.5.10, Y.5.11, and Y.40.6 were highly similar to (similarity ≥ 99%) Bacillus sp., B. subtilis, and B. cereus, respectively.

 

Keywords: cellulase, isolation, sponge-associated bacteria, 16S rRNA
Pengembangan Sereal Sarapan Tersubstitusi Bekatul dan Tepung Pisang
Authors: Sukarno Sukarno , Augusta Dwyana Izza , Sitanggang Azis Boing , Munawaroh Afwa Nururrahmah , Budijanto Slamet
Published: January 2022

Rice bran and banana flour contain nutrients and bioactive compounds that have potential to be used for the development of functional food, such as breakfast cereal. The study is aimed to develope functional breakfast cereal from corn flour (54%, 59%, 64%), rice bran (20%), and banana flour (10%) (raja bandung and kepok) with the addition of coconut sugar (0 %, 5 %, 10%) using twin-screw extruder. The best-accepted formula based on sensory test was cereal with the substitution of 0% coconut sugar and 10% raja bandung banana flour. The breakfast cereal has moisture content of 10.38 ± 0.01%, ash content of 3.36 ± 0.00%, protein content of 8.92 ± 0.11%, fat content of 6.14 ± 0.07%, carbohydrate content of 81.58 ± 0.18%, and dietary fiber content of 13.22 ± 0.46% which can be claimed as high-fiber foods. It contained a total phenol content of 74.13 ± 0.87 mg GAE / 100 g, antioxidant activity of 40.67 ± 1.71 mg AEAC/ 100 g, and IC50 of 84.48 ± 0.9 mg/mL. Saturated fatty acids in breakfast cereal were dominated by palmitic acid (14.22 ± 0.17%), while for unsaturated fatty acids were dominated by oleic acid (30.76 ± 0.04%) and linoleic acid (45.40 ± 0.03%).

 

Keywords: banana flour, breakfast cereal, functional food, rice bran
Isolasi dan Respons Tumbuh Cendawan Mutualistik Akar pada Beberapa Tanaman Pangan dan Kehutanan
Authors: Khastini Rida Oktorida , Sukarno Nampiah , Suharsono† Utut Widyastuti , Hashidoko† Yasuyuki
Published: January 2022

The study aims to isolate and test the effectiveness of mutualistic root symbiont fungi isolates from the roots of rubber plants grown in marginal acidic soil plantations in increasing the growth of food crops and forestry plants. The fungal were isolated by root surface sterilization methods. We obtained 19 fungal isolates consisting of 8 genera, namely Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Penicillium Paecilomyces, Trichoderma, and mycelia sterilia. All isolates were subjected to a pathogenicity test on the Centrosema pubescens plant. Five out of the 19 fungal isolates increased plant growth and showed no disease symptoms, and the Aspergillus section Nigri FKK 3 isolate showed the best response. The isolate was further analyzed to assess the growth response of food crops (rice and corn) and forestry plants (Acacia auriculiformis and Paraserianthes falcataria). The treatments consisted of 3 phosphate (P) concentrations, namely 20%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended field applications. The combination of mutualistic fungal inoculation of Aspergillus section Nigri FKK 3 and 50% P concentration exhibited the highest biomass growth response compared to other treatments. This finding can provide basic information for developing fungal-based fertilizers to increase the productivity of food crops and forestry plants on sub-optimal land.

 

Keywords: food crops, phosphate fertilizer, forestry trees, plant growth improvement, root mutualistic fungi
Komórkowe mechanizmy zapewniające jakość żeńskich komórek rozrodczych ssaków
Authors: Polański Zbigniew , Gąsior Łukasz
Published: January 2022

Gamety są skrajnie zróżnicowanymi komórkami, które uczestnicząc w  procesie zapłodnienia dają początek nowemu organizmowi. Rolą w  pełni funkcjonalnej gamety, oprócz umożliwienia zapłodnienia, jest także zapewnienie pełnego niezakłóconego rozwój osobnika. Celem niniejszego artykuł jest przybliżenie funkcjonujących podczas oogenezy ssaków mechanizmów, które zapewniają właściwy przebieg procesów rozwojowych po zapłodnieniu oraz jakość przekazanego potomstwu materiału dziedzicznego.
Chemical composition and antifungal activities of aromatic water of Zataria multiflora Boiss
Authors: Monfared Ali Arabi , Yazdanpanah Maryam , Zareshahrabadi Zahra , Pakshir Keyvan , Ghahartars Mehdi , Mehrabani Davood , Yazdanpanah Samira , Iraji Aida , Zomorodian Kamiar
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose: In Iranian culture, aromatic waters harboring a slight amount of essential oil have been popularly used for many years as a pleasant non-alcoholic drink with various medicinal properties.  In this study, chemical composition of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (ZM) aromatic water was determined and its in vitro and in vivo antifungal properties were investigated.
Materials and Methods: Chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from aromatic water (AW) of ZM was analyzed by Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity of the AW against Candida species was determined by broth micro-dilution methods. Additionally, biofilm formation inhibition and antioxidant activity of the AW were measured using XTT reduction and DPPH methods, respectively. Antifungal activities of the AW in the prevention and/or treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) candidiasis in animal models were also evaluated.
Results: The GC-MS analysis revealed that the major constituents of ZM AW were Carvacrol (46.56%) and Thymol (40.67%). The ZM AW inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of Candida species in the range of 0.25-0.5 V/V. Moreover, ZM AW significantly decreased Candida colonization in therapeutic groups (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: Given the wide therapeutic potential of ZM AW, including antifungal and antioxidant activities, it might be possible to use it in the management of mucocutaneous or alimentary candidiasis.
Isolation and molecular characterization of clinical and environmental dematiaceous fungi and relatives from Iran
Authors: Shokoohi Gholamreza , Badali Hamid , Ahmadi Bahram , Satoh Kazuo , Nouripour-Sisakht Sadegh , Nikaeen Mahnaz , Geramishoar Mohsen , Jalalizand Nilufar , Kianipour Sahar , Mirhendi Hossein , Makimura Koichi
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose: The frequency and genetic diversity of black fungi in environmental and clinical settings have not been fully studied in Iran. This study aimed to identify and evaluate intra- and inter-species DNA sequence variation and also understand the phylogenetic relationships of melanized fungi and relatives isolated from different geographical regions of Iran.
Materials and Methods: In total, 111 clinical and environmental strains of dematiaceous fungi were isolated, and their internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA(rDNA) regions were sequenced and analyzed.
Results: An inter-species nucleotide sequence diversity rate of 1 to 464 nucleotides was observed between the species. Intra-species differences were found in the strains of Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria tenuissima, Curvularia spicifera, Aureobasidium pullulans, Curvularia hawaiiensis,  Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Alternaria terricola, Alternaria chlamydospora, Didymella glomerata, and Drechslera dematioidea by 0–59, 0–22, 0–4, 0–4, 0–3, 0–2, 0–2, 0–2, 0–2, 0–1, and 0–1 nt, respectively.
Conclusion: The internal transcribed spacer rDNA is useful for the discrimination of several taxa of dematiaceous fungi. However, a better understanding of the taxonomy of species of Alternaria requires a larger rDNA region or a library of other gene sequences.
Molecular identification of Candida species isolated from candiduria and its risk factors in neonates and children
Authors: Shirvani Fariba , Fattahi Mahsa
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose: The present study was performed to raise attention on the frequency of Candida spp. and evaluation of risk factors of candiduria in neonates and children.
Materials and Methods: In total, 60 urine samples were collected from the suspected neonates and children. Identification of Candida at species level was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism approach.
Results: The restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprint analysis revealed that Candida parapsilosis (n=17; 28.33 %) is the most prevalent isolated species followed by Candida albicans (n=9; 15%), Candida tropicalis (n=4; 9.52%), and C. glabrata (n=2; 4.76%). All of the C. albicans and C. parapsilosis complex strains were identified as C. albicans with HWP1 gene primers and using the NlaIII restriction enzyme activity, respectively. In this study, none of the mentioned factors was the cause of infection, but they could be considered risk factors. The mean hospital stay was 21 days (range: 7-21 days). More than 90% of the patients had a urinary catheter, and about 26% of them received antibiotics. Regarding the risk factors, there was no significant difference between the two groups of candidiasis in terms of C. albicans and non albicans Candida (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Candiduria has always been a challenging issue, especially in children admitted to hospitals. Outcome of candiduria in patients with generally healthy is little.
Vaginal and oral use of probiotics as adjunctive therapy to fluconazole in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis: A clinical trial on Iranian women
Authors: Vahedpoor Zahra , Abastabar Mahdi , Sehat Mojtaba , Talebian Parisa , Felfelian fini Tayebeh , Dastanpour Zahra , Haghani Iman , Chelongarian Ramtin , Nazeri Mehdi
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is considered the second most prevalent gynecologic infection among women and one of the main reasons for referring to a gynecologist. During recent decades, probiotic usage has been defined as one of the therapeutic regimens for vaginal candidiasis management, but these findings were controversial. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of fluconazole plus vaginal and oral probiotics supplementation on clinical and mycological improvement of vaginal candidiasis concomitant with antifungal susceptibility of Candida species to fluconazole.
Materials and Methods: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 76 women with vaginal candidiasis admitted to Naghavi and Imam Reza Gynecology Clinics in Kashan, Central Iran, from July 2017 to March 2020. Patients were diagnosed according to vaginal candidiasis symptoms and positive culture for Candida species. The patients were divided into two groups; one of them received fluconazole plus vaginal and oral probiotics, while the other one received fluconazole with placebo. The clinical and mycological findings were recorded before and after the treatment. In vitro, the fluconazole susceptibility test was determined by the microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (M27-A3) for the baseline Candida isolates.
Results: Based on the findings, 35 days after the intervention, a significant reduction was reported in vaginal candidiasis symptoms in the probiotics supplementation group. Although probiotics supplementation therapy was a better mycological cure, compared to the fluconazole with the placebo group, this difference was not significant (68.4% vs. 46.9%, P=0.184). Exclusion of resistant and susceptible dose-dependent strain in the regression model demonstrated a significant reduction in positive culture probiotics in the supplementation group.
Conclusion: Oral and vaginal supplementation with probiotics for 4 weeks played a significant role in the elimination of vaginal candidiasis symptoms. Adjustment of clinical and mycological responses with drug resistance patterns of patients could open a promising horizon for probiotics consumption as a complementary treatment.
Assessment of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 status of home grown maize in Swaziland
Authors:   University of Swaziland, Swaziland, Kgomo H , Bwembya GC , Mamba SS , Thwala JM
Published: January 2022

Aflatoxins belong to a group of naturally occurring toxins which contaminate foodstuffs under favourable conditions. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus produce aflatoxins; the four major aflatoxins which contaminate foodstuffs are B 1 , B 2 , G 1 an d G 2 . Maize, groundnuts, rice, wheat and other foodstuffs are susceptible to aflatoxin contamination. B 1 in the majority of cases is the most abundant, most toxic and the most potent natural carcinogen and is classified as a Group 1 human carcinogen. The extent of contamination varies with geographical location, agricultural practices of farmers and susceptibility of crops to fungal activity during pre - and / or post - harvesting . Research on groundnuts in Swaziland showed contamination with aflatoxins; however, no data exists on the contamination of maize grains , yet maize is a main staple food of the Swazi nation and its consumption is high. The purpose of the study was to carry out an investigation on the occurrence of aflatoxins on maize grown in various homesteads. Maize samples were collected from different areas in Hhohho, Manzini, Shiselweni and Lubombo regions. Extraction with methanol:water (85:15 v/v ) was followed by detection with HPLC - PDA for the analysis of aflatoxins . Results showed that B 1 was the most pre - dominant toxin with the lowest concentration at 0.4 ppb and the highest at 25 ppb, both samples were from the Shiselweni region. A total of 90 maize samples were collected for analysis , it was determined that overall contamination with G 2 was 20% with 13% above 4 ppb - the European Union (EU) maximum recommended limit. B 1 contamination was at 31% , overall, with 18% above 2 ppb - the EU maximum recommended limit. Concentrations for G 1 and B 2 could not be determined d ue to poor resolution of peaks. These results show that people in Swaziland are being exposed to aflatoxins through feeding on contaminated maize. There is a growing urgency for the Swaziland government to come up with strategies of teaching the people about food safety .
Characteristics of Initial Posts and Peer Engagement: Density Score Analyses for Social Presence in Online Discussions
Authors: Hanselman Kathy , Liu Leping
Published: January 2022

A common activity in online courses that allows for student interaction is the asynchronous discussion; however, discussions do not inherently lead to meaningful engagement among students. This study explores how the moves that students make in their initial discussion posts influence the emotional engagement of their peers in response posts. 1500 asynchronous online discussion messages were collected from an undergraduate online course offered at a western state university. 608 online discussion threads were analyzed to determine how the characteristics of initial posts are associated with the engagement in peer responses. Six characteristic variables from initial posts were identified and analyzed. Density scores for social presence categories and indicators were calculated as the measure of the emotional engagement in the response posts. Results suggest that three characteristic variables in initial posts significantly influence the emotional engagement of peers in the response posts.