bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of geomorphological determinants and Hazards on urban expansion in Rania.
Authors: Osman Khzr Bakhtiar , Ahmad Hussein Bestun , Hussein Mohammed Hemn
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the impact of geomorphological phenomena that are considered natural barriers on the expansion of the city of Rania. The study area is located in the northeast of the Kurdistan region of Iraq and in the northwest of Sulaymaniyah Governorate. Rania is located astronomically between both latitudes (36°:17: 05 - 36°: 12 :30) north and both longitudes (45°:51: 05 -°45 :54 :30) east. The study area is the administrative center of the Rania district, located in the southeast of the district. In terms of administrative units, in the north of Sarkabakan, northeast of Pshdar district, in the south of Dokan Lake, and in the west of each of the chawarqorna, Hajiyawa, and Betwata, The purpose of the research is to create a morphological stage map, geomorphological units, topography, and slope degree that are considered natural obstacles and risks to the expansion of the city of Rania. Since 1977, the area of residential units has reached about 1.18 km2, and the city has continued to expand in stages, reaching 24.74 km2 in 2022. The Kewarsh and Hajila Mountains form a natural obstacle to the expansion of the city in the northeast, northwest, and southwest directions, so the city takes a longitudinal shape. 100% of the urban area is located at an altitude of 491–749 m, and at an altitude of 750–1430 m, there are no residential units. (63.8%) of the study area has a slope of less than 5 degrees. The area of residential units reaches 88.84%, and the degree of slope is higher (35 degrees), as there is no residential area there as a result of the natural geomorphological barriers that limit the expansion of the city of Rania.
The spread of Rumors through Social Networking Sites and their effects on Social Security.
Authors: Muhammad Jalal Hazhar
Published: December 2024

Social media have been widely spread due to their interactivity، ease، and speed of access to news and information، which made them a fertile environment for the growth of lies and paved the way for rumors to spread and have become one of the most dangerous weapons of fourth generation wars in spreading discord and chaos and destabilizing the security and social stability of countries. This study came to address the spread of rumors through social media platforms and their effects on social security. I used the descriptive analytical method.
The study concluded with a set of results، most notably: Transcending the concept of Social media from communication media for social communication to an electronic environment qualified to spread rumors. In addition to the multiplicity of types of rumors and the varying motives and gratifications of their promoters from one society to another. Among the most prominent negative effects of the spread of rumors on Social media is that they work to spread chaos، disintegrate society، spread fear and anxiety in the hearts of members of society، and also work to spread terrorism and threaten the internal stability and social security of states. In Iraq and the Kurdistan Region، the spread of rumors through social media has led to the destabilization of civil and community peace، provoking strife، deepening internal disputes، losing confidence in officials and community leaders، as well as losing a sense of tranquility and security، spreading the values of violence and a culture of hatred، and provoking sectarian or ethnic strife among the components of Iraqi society. Hence the threat to security and social stability in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region.
The study recommended the importance of developing a preventive media strategy to educate community members about the danger of rumors on the social security of Iraq. The need for the media to adopt credibility and transparency in reporting events، open the way for the masses to express their views on various issues، and create an independent media and research center to monitor and analyze rumors. And the application of deterrent penalties for those who spread rumors that pose a threat to social security in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region.
Identity Crisis in the Post-Colonialism Novels
Authors: Ali Arif Fatah Siva
Published: December 2024

This research is titled, Identity Crisis in the Post-Colonialism Novels, The Novel “Whdaha SHjarat AL-Rumman” as an example. This research is a description about identity crisis in a novel by the Iraqi author (Sinan Antoon) that is regarded as one of the post-colonialism novels. In this research, we have talked about that the author represents the agony, wars, devastation and havoc Iraq went through starting from the outset of the Iraq-Iran war until the emergence of the ISIS. The author, as a critic, has strived for focusing on the atrocities and consequences of war on the Iraqis of all different groups. Concurrently, he has strived for working on the novel text using a scene or making a character as the novel protagonist and the details of showing the different crises of an intellectual individual like social, economic, political and cultural crises. Our research is backed by the theoretical subjects relevant to the post-colonialism approach and the concepts and aspects the approach relies on that are deviation from sticking to a certain identity and the conflict that identity creates with crises aiming to reach stability and keeping the identity of Iraqi individuals. The author has regarded using a new and different language as he has personally lived in the events and has then chosen diaspora due to war and devastation to reach a sort of stability and protection. According to the theory, this situation, once again, results in identity crisis. Finally, we have explained the text using the method of textual analysis and presented some conclusions.
Problems of people with special needs and their families from the viewpoint of workers in social care centers
Authors: Jumaa Mohammed Chachan , Mohammed Salih Meran
Published: December 2024

The aim of the research is to identify the problems of people with special health, social, psychological, educational and family needs from the viewpoint of workers in social care centers, and the significance of differences in them according to the gender variable. The sample consisted of (94) people of both sexes who were chosen randomly from among the workers in the social care centers in the city of Dohuk in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq. Those who applied the scale that was prepared, consisting of (35) items distributed over five areas, and in front of each paragraph three alternatives to answer. The data were processed statistically using the weighted mean, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that people with special needs and their families have problems in several domains, in order: (the psychological domain, the family domain, the health domain, the social domain, and the educational domain). In light of the results, a set of recommendations and proposals were presented.
The Educational Teaching at Sheikh Jlizadeh(Mela Gewre)
Authors: Ahmed Hawar Samad , Braim Hemn Azez
Published: December 2024

One of the most important subjects that have been talked about it is “Education & Teaching” especially for now a day is a living subject. During the raise of education it has been always a subject that Muslim community concern about it. Education is a real service for humanity in the future.
Education regards as a differentiation between the communities. We can say it shows how human being will act and behave around. Of course with the appearance of human being education was existed. So that most of the scientist in different nations they talk about it.
Among Kurdish people there is also scientist who gave important to it. Melay Gewra is one of them. He was a role model in his time that he could give a great influence in a wearing his community in different genre especially Islamic education، Social Teaching، awareness، Politics...etc
No doubt Mela Gewre hadn’t wrote any book about education meanwhile in a time of reading his book the reader will realize the thought and ideas about the education. His books talk about the social problems in his community. One of his Golden speeches about the teaching of education is: Teachers should be trainers in his area especially the religious men. They have to try and grow up in most of the parts not only in religion parts because the society needs to be renewed and grow up to fit the time century.
That’s why Melay Gewre think that understanding of the education as itself and practicing it brings services to the human being’s community in this world and after this world، vise verse، the misunderstanding of education it brings distraction of science that end up with the ignorance of the community.
The Criminal Protection of the Environment in (The Law of Environmental Protection and Improvement in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq)
Authors: Ahmed Fakhr Maqdid , Karim Karzan Faqi Khalil
Published: December 2024

This article sheds light on criminal protection of the environment, which is concerned with the environmental protection from various types of pollution and destruction. Muslim jurists, have been discussing specific ways and means of preserving the environment and protecting it from the destructive causes that lead to an imbalance in the environmental system. Meanwhile, the Kurdistan Regional Parliament has discussed the achievement of this issue through the special law on criminal protection entitled "Law on Environmental Protection and Improvement No. (8) of 2008". This research evaluates the legal articles related to achieving criminal protection of the environment contained in the aforementioned law in Islamic jurisprudence, to the extent of which these articles are compatible with Islamic jurisprudence.
The research consists of an introduction and four sections, and ends with a conclusion that includes the most important findings and recommendations.
 "Among its prominent findings: The law's provisions generally align with Islamic Sharia's objectives and principles in environmental protection, including safeguarding environmental elements, prohibiting corruption, and imposing penalties on offenders. However, from an Islamic Sharia perspective, this law has some shortcomings, such as not criminalizing certain environmentally harmful acts, lacking deterrent punishments for some serious crimes, overlooking criminal liability for legal entities, and a weak religious dimension in its texts. Finally, it offers suggestions for improvement in light of Islamic Sharia's rulings and objectives in environmental preservation."
Directing the issues of the name dictionaries in Mulla Muhammad’s interpretation
Authors: Awlla Amir Rafiq , Ahmwd Hataw Ali
Published: December 2024

Mulla Mohammadi koye has translated the Holy Qur'an into Kurdish under the title (The Kurdish translation of God’s speech ) in four volumes which includes various sciences, such as Fiqh (jurisprudence), Usul fFqh (principles of jurisprudence), beliefs and science of sociology and Linguistics.
Mulla Muhammad has used his linguistics knowledge to interpret and explain the verses of the Holy Qur'an, including the sciences of dictionary, morphology, syntax,and grammar to explain the purposes of God’s speeches.
This study also sheds light on these linguistic subjects that have been used by Mulla Muhammadi Koyee in the interpretation of Holy Quran. Depending on his knowledge of morphology, he discussed some morphological subjects, in this way he introduced his linguistic beliefs.
History of songs and music in Sulaymaniyah city(1784-1990)
Authors: Mohammed Karim Adil , Shakr Zalzala Ehsan , Hama Abdola Azad
Published: December 2024

This research deals with the history of song and music in Sulaimani, from the beginning of its establishment to the last decade of the twentieth century (1784-1990). This paper consists of three parts, conclusions and a list of references, The first part is the introduction which contains the research procedure. The second part consists of two basic discussions, each with several branches. The first discussion, the pre-registration phase, the researchers present their discussion through two pieces of evidence. The first evidence is the content of the poems about song and music, while the second evidence is the travel memoirs of the orientalists. In the second discussion, which is the post-recording stage, the researchers try to present the contributing factors that have become a factor for the embodiment and further development of the art of singing and music in Sulaimani, such as: Establishment of military flute, opening of schools and the arrival of bow machine and recording companies, establishment of radio broadcasting house, establishment of the first music institute, establishment of television, opening of music courses, establishment of musical groups in Sulaimani and Sulaimani Institute of Fine Arts etc,... The third part, the Results and, recommendations, suggestions and list of sources, also a summary of the study in English are presented.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF MAGNESIUM BIS-ACETAMINOETHANESULFONATE IN KETATOCONAZOLE DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)
Authors: A.A. Balashkina , K.D. Blinov , O.N. Deryabina , S.V. Tsvetkov , S.D. Yudina , I.S. Struts , E.V. Blinova
Published: December 2024

The hepatoprotective activity of magnesium bis-acetaminoethanesulfonate with the laboratory code LBK-527 was studied in ketoconazole-induced liver injury. Drug-induced liver injury was modeled by intragastric administration of ketoconazole at a dose of 100 mg for 3 days. LBK-527 and the comparison drug heptral were administered to animals at a dose of 100 mg / kg / day and 60 mg / kg / day intraperitoneally 1 hour before the introduction of hepatotoxin for 14 days. Biochemical blood parameters characterizing the functional activity of the liver were studied, its histological picture of the liver was assessed, and macro- and micromorphometry of the organ was performed on the 7th and 14th days. The substance LBK-527 prevents the cytotoxic effect of ketoconazole on the functional activity of the liver. There is a decrease in ketoconazole-induced cytolysis, normalization of the level of total bilirubin in the blood plasma of animals. The appearance of the liver, its relative and absolute weight in animals with drug-induced hepatitis treated with LKB-527 were comparable with intact rats. On histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin, a decrease in the area of necrosis of the liver parenchyma was observed, the beam structure of the tissue was preserved. The area of the cytoplasm, nucleus and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio approached the values of the intact group. The appearance of multinucleated hepatocytes indicated the activation of the synthetic activity of the liver and the launch of regeneration mechanisms. Thus, it can be concluded that the substance under study has a hepatoprotective effect.
AWARENESS OF STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITIES IN KRASNODAR ABOUT MEASURES TO PREVENT STAPHYLOCOCCAL TOXICOSIS
Authors: M.R. Khochava , D.O. Vaseva , M.E. Shapkin
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the level of competence of students of 4 universities of Krasnodar in relation to food poisoning caused by staphylococcal toxin. The work analyzes the awareness of students about the etiology, manifestation of the disease and prevention of this food poisoning. As is known, there is a certain correlation between non-compliance with the principles of rational nutrition among students, including the consumption of products with an indefinite shelf life and/or improper storage conditions, and an increased risk of staphylococcal toxicosis. Due to the increased academic load, the intensity of the educational process, and small breaks between academic classes, university students lack time for a full meal. In this regard, they can eat in public catering establishments that potentially do not fully comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements and technological regulations for food production, which may pose a threat to their health. It should also be noted that the low degree of sanitary and hygienic education among students is one of the significant factors that determine the relevance of the problem of staphylococcal toxicosis among students. According to the results of the survey, deficiencies in students' knowledge were identified and the most vulnerable groups were identified. The results of the survey confirm the demand for preventive activities aimed at improving the awareness of university students about staphylococcal toxicosis.
SEASONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF STUDENTS IN THE NORTH
Authors: N.V. Melguy , E.N. Nikolaeva , O.N. Kolosova
Published: December 2024

The study of the mechanisms of adaptation of the organism to extreme environmental factors is one of the main issues of physiology, which does not lose its relevance. Specific photoperiodism, characteristic of different seasons of the year in the North, can affect not only the physiological, but also the psychoemotional state of the organism. In order to identify evolutionarily formed chronophysiological mechanisms of human adaptation to extreme conditions of the North, a longitudinal study was conducted in different seasons (autumn, winter, spring and summer) of the features of psychoemotional instability, anxiety (situational and personal anxiety), regulatory restructuring of the heart rhythm of the organism of young practically healthy males of indigenous nationality. The object of the longitudinal study were young Yakut men (MY), volunteers, students of the Medical Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov (n = 26). The average age was 19.1±2.2 years. The high psycho-emotional stress of young Yakut men in winter revealed by the study is probably an adaptation mechanism that determines high functional activity and stability of the nervous system during the period of combined exposure to cold and polar night. Intrasystemic activation of the cardiovascular system of young Yakut men against the background of high overall power of vegetative regulation (3476.15 ms2) and normal value of the stress index (119.92 c.u.) in winter contributes to the mobilization of the adaptive mechanisms of the human body, which is reflected in the growth of the adaptive-restorative potential in extreme conditions and higher indicators of this potential in people with a high level of psycho-emotional stress.
THE EIGHTH PHASE OF THE RESEARCH ON THE SAUMAL TOUR SCIENCE PROJECT: RESULTS, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS
Authors: V.N. Vukolov
Published: December 2024

The Research Institute of Tourism was established at the University “Turan” (Almaty, Kazakhstan) in March 2012 on the basis of the research laboratory (1992) simultaneously with the university proper.
The purpose of the Institute is to solve theoretical and scientific-practical problems of improving the positive impact of tourism on human life. At the same time, one of the main tasks of the Research Institute is the study of socio-economic efficiency of active types of tourism. This task is carried out by the Institute's employees in the structure of such direction of activity as identification of general regularities and basic conditions of directed impact of tourism on the improvement of people in the modern world.
Specialists of the USA and Singapore in the course of a joint study determined that the human body loses the ability to recover after 120 years. The same scientists believe the record of longevity can be exceeded already in the current millennium. They also believe that this will be helped by new techniques that will extend human life up to 200 years [1].
What is the point in living to 200 years if the human body is worn out to the extreme? That is why the initial goal of the project is not only to preserve not only and not how much the actual maximum duration of a person in general, but the life of a mountain guide with the longest possible preservation of professional skills of leading category mountain treks. In this case we mean not only physical health, but also preservation of technical skills regarding safe passage of complex mountain terrain and making adequate complex technical decisions.
Therefore, we have identified the need for and implemented effective means of preserving human health, including by means of tourism and related activities.
FUNCTIONAL DYNAMISM OF MORPHOLOGICAL CRITERIA IN THE ASSESSMENT OF DEPLETED URANIUM BIOEFFECTS IN THE STUDY OF THE ORGANOCOMPLEX OF PAROTID GLANDS AND LYMPH NODES
Authors: S.S. Selyavin , Z.A. Vorontsova
Published: December 2024

Currently, it is obvious that it is necessary to assess the morphofunctional state of the parotid salivary glands and lymphatic deep parotid nodes as target organs during oral intake of an aqueous solution of depleted uranium oxides. This combination has not been previously studied. The purpose of the study. To identify and evaluate, according to certain criteria, the reaction of the parotid glands and deep lymph nodes after a single incorporation of an aqueous solution of depleted uranium oxides one, three and six months after the start of the experiment. Materials and methods. The experiment involved 180 mongrel sexually mature male rats divided into three experimental groups and three control groups equivalent in age dynamics. Using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, the organocomplex of the parotid salivary glands and deep lymph nodes was studied in the long term after a single intake of an aqueous solution of depleted uranium oxides instead of drinking water at a dose of 0.1 mg per 100 g of rat weight. Results. The prolonged bioeffect of changes in the organocomplex of the parotid glands and lymph nodes in the chronodynamics of long-term periods after incorp Conclusion. The obtained results of the study reflect uranium-induced destructive changes in the components of the organocomplex, depending on the remoteness of the study period, with the manifestation of atypical regeneration of the striated excretory ducts of the parotid glands and the dynamism of mast cells of deep lymph nodes, integratively modifying the bioeffects of depleted uranium.oration of an aqueous solution of depleted uranium oxides is shown.
STUDY OF SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE FATTY ACID PROFILE OF BLOOD PLASMA OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF YAKUTIA
Authors: N.V. Melguy , O.N. Kolosova , E.N. Nikolaeva
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal changes in the composition of plasma fatty acids in the blood of indigenous peoples of the North as a mechanism of adaptation to extreme climatic conditions. The object of the study were Yakut male students (n=26), who were examined in four seasons: autumn, winter, spring and summer. Written informed voluntary consent was obtained from each participant. The longitudinal study included the determination of the level of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in different seasons of the year using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results were statistically processed on the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 web platform in order to identify seasonal changes in the metabolic profile. The study showed that seasonal changes in the composition of plasma fatty acids are an important mechanism of adaptation of the body of young Yakut men to the harsh conditions of the North. Autumn changes in the lipid profile ensure a smooth transition to the winter period and create the basis for successful adaptation of the body to cold stress. A decrease in the level of SFA in winter is associated with their active use to ensure thermoregulation and maintain energy balance, while an increase in the proportion of PUFA and MUFA helps maintain the structure and function of cell membranes in cold conditions. PUFA also play a key role in maintaining psychoemotional stability and cognitive functions, which is important for survival and normal functioning under winter stress. Seasonal changes in the fatty acid profile may be key elements in the adaptation of indigenous populations to harsh climatic conditions.key elements in the adaptation of indigenous populations to harsh climatic conditions.
CYTOKINE PROFILE OF C57BL/6 MICE WITH MODELED MELANOMA TUMOR AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF PHLOJODICARPUS SIBIRICUS EXTRACT
Authors: A.N. Egorov , A.S. Golderova , I.P. Troev
Published: December 2024

The article investigates the effect of Phlojodicarpus sibiricus extract on the cytokine status of C57Bl/6 mice with transplanted melanoma. Phlojodicarpus sibiricus, also known as the Siberian phlojodicarpus, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Apiaceae family. It is widely distributed in Siberia and the Russian Far East. The extract was administered orally at a dosage of 100 mg/ml, and the concentrations of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF were assessed. The experiment included three groups of mice: a control group, a tumor group, and a tumor plus extract group. The results of our experimental investigation indicate the complexity of changes in the cytokine profile of mice with modeled melanoma. Mice with tumors showed elevated levels of IL-4 and reduced levels of IL-5 compared to the control group, suggesting a predominance of the Th1/Th2 balance towards a Th2 immune response. Additionally, the high concentration of IFN-γ indicates active participation of the Th1 response, highlighting the intricate dynamics of cytokine interactions in the context of tumor growth. Analysis of the cytokine profile in mice receiving the extract orally showed that the level of IFN-γ was statistically significantly lower than that in the tumor group and remained similar to that of the control group. The mechanism underlying the suppression of this cytokine production may be related to the low level of IL-12. Overall, the cytokine levels in mice treated with the extract showed signs of a predominance of the Th2 immune response. These results open new prospects for the targeted use of the extract in melanoma immunotherapy and warrant further investigation into its mechanisms of action on various components of the immune system.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF INGREDIENTS OF COMBINED MEDICINAL PRODUCT ANTIGRIPPIN POWDER
Authors: A.A. Khaidarova , S.A. Sidullina
Published: December 2024

Imported medicines to eliminate symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections prevail in the pharmaceutical market of Russia, but their share is decreasing. At the same time, drug prices are increasing. In such a situation it is necessary to optimize expenditures that would not reduce the availability and effectiveness of therapy. The solution to this problem may be the organization of small-scale production of medicines in the country. There is a demand for small-scale production in Russia, but it is still characterized as insignificant. In recent years in Russia such production has been organized at medical universities and the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Influenza. The task of such enterprises is to produce pilot batches of drugs for laboratory and clinical trials, as well as for sale through the retail network. For this purpose, the compositions of combined drug prescriptions are being unified, the production technology is being improved, experimental substantiation and extension of shelf life are being carried out, and the possibility of small-scale production is being investigated. The relevance of this study is due to the fact, that the methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical composition of the combined medicinal product are considered. The possibility of practical application of the developed methods of analysis to assess the quality of antigrippin is shown. Scientific novelty consists in the fact that the present work is the first attempt to comprehensively evaluate the methods of analysis of antigrippin. Practical value: the work identified and analyzed the most appropriate methods of quality control antigrippin, as well as fully and in detail described the methods of analysis. The results of approbation of methods are statistically processed.
WATER-SOLUBLE SUBSTANCE BASED ON CHLORIN E6 WITH EUROPIUM CITRATE AS A POTENTIAL NEW GENERATION PHOTOSENSITIZER
Authors: O.V. Shevchenko , M.V. Belobeletskaya , M.A. Medkov , P.A. Zadorozhny , I.N. Chernenko , E.V. Eliseeva , V.B. Shumatov
Published: December 2024

The present study is directed towards synthesis a water-soluble substance for photodynamic therapy. It is an aqueous solution containing Chlorin e6 as a photosensitizer and europium citrate as a scintillator. The ionic composition of the solution was determined using ESI mass spectrometry. The conclusion was made about the nonradiative energy transfer from europium to Chlorin e6 with subsequent luminescence of the latter based on the analysis of the luminescence spectrum of the solution containing the conjugate [Eu:H2Cit:Chlorin e6=1:1:1]2-We studied dark toxicity «in vitro». It was shown that in the range of introduced PS concentrations from 3.13 to 100 μg/ml, the percentage of viable cells varied from 91.64±4.58% to 24.14±1.21%, which confirms the prospect of further study of the new substance
METABOLIC DISORDERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN CHILDREN LIVING IN COLD CLIMATE
Authors: M.A. Nokhsorova , N.V. Borisova , A.M. Ammosova
Published: December 2024

The results of the study by means of chromatography-mass spectrometry of the amino acid composition of urine in children with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia syndrome living in permafrost conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented in this paper. Connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) is associated with complex metabolic changes, including the metabolism of amino acids. However, the currently available data are contradictory. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of amino acids in the urine of children with undifferentiated CTD. Materials and Methods. The present research involved 524 children who were included in the control group and 1266 children with undifferentiated CTD syndrome who were included in the experimental group. The levels of amino acids in 105 children in urine were assessed using GC-MS Agilent GC 7820/MSD 5975. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program, version 22. Results and Discussion. The analysis of amino acids in urine enables to evaluate their qualitative and quantitative composition, to obtain information about the existing imbalance, which may indicate nutritional and metabolic disorders underlying a large number of diseases, including disorders associated with connective tissue. It is concluded that the increased excretion of various amino acids with urine in children with undifferentiated CTD syndrome may be a consequence of impaired protein synthesis as a result of the absence (or deficiency) of any amino acids in the diet.
BORON-CONTAINING BIOACTIVE GLASS FOR MEDICAL USE
Authors: D.N. Grishchenko , O.V. Shevchenko , I.N. Chernenko , M.A. Medkov
Published: December 2024

In this work, we investigated «in vitro» properties of boron-containing glass based on «Bioglass 45S5» by pyrolysis method of a liquid organic phase. It was found that 15 wt. % B2O3 bioglass has improved characteristics compared to the original composition. The inclusion of B2O3 in the composition of the material allows to reduce alkalization of the environment and the degradation rate of bioglass 45S5. Doping does not suppress the bioactivity of the material. The cytotoxicity of boron-containing glass is comparable to that of 45S5 glass. This indicates the safety of its use in medicine. The obtained material is intended to create bioactive coatings on implants, as well as fillers for various materials to impart bioactive, antibacterial and antibiofilm properties to them. The composition holds promise for bone implantology in modern medicine.
Environmental Assessment of Al-Sudair River Water
Authors: Al-kafaji Israa G. , Almudhafar Safaa M. , Almayahi Basim
Published: December 2024

The studies dealt with an environmental evaluation of the characteristics of Sudair water in order to know its suitability for various uses (drinking water -irrigation - animal drinking). The study relied on the analysis of the chemical and physical properties of the water of the Sudair table, including (10) models of (10) sites and one model from each site (winter if summer). An element and a com-pound were also analyzed, and then these results were matched with international and Iraqi specifi-cations to find out their suitability for various uses. It dealt with the abstract and the introduction, the problem of the study, its hypothesis, its importance and its limits, while it dealt with an analyti-cal study as well as the qualitative characteristics of the waters of the Sudair table, which include (the physical and chemical characteristics of the Sudair table). Evaluation of Sudair water for vari-ous uses (represented by (civil use of drinking water, agricultural use (for irrigation and drinking animals). The study relied mostly on field work by collecting water models and using a set of tools and supplies such as a mercury thermometer, a GPS device and a camera, as well as water model analysis devices, as well as the adoption of maps to represent the phenomenon studied.The study has reached some main conclusions, namely that the physical and chemical properties of Sudair stream water vary spatially according to the variation of natural and human conditions. The study also found that Sudair water varies in its suitability for drinking water and agricultural use accord-ing to global and Iraqi environmental determinants and that this variation is spatial.
Improving Potato Plant Growth and Marketable Yield by Magnetized Irrigation Water and Spraying with Jasmonic Acid
Authors: Al-asadi Bassam Sh M , Jaafar Hayder S , Aboohanah Mansoor A
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive spring seasons 2023-2024 in a private field in Al-Mahawil District (45 km) north of Babil Governorate to study the response of the potato plant, Synergy variety, to irrigation water type (River or drainage) treated magnetically and sprayed with jasmonic acid and the extent of the effect of the treatments on potato growth and productivity. The experiment was a Split-Split Plot Design, R.C.B.D, 24 treatments with three replicates and 72 experimental units. Irrigation water quality (river or drainage) took the main plot, magnetization levels (1500 Gauss with contact path 38.5 cm2 * 1, 2, or 3 K) in sub plot and spraying with jasmonic acid (0, 15, 30) mg.L-1 was in sub-sub plot. The results of the experiment showed that river water at a level of 1.47 ds m-1 was significantly higher than drainage water in all studied characteristics. The positive effect also increased in magnetized water with contact path 38.5 cm2 * 3. A similar effect was recorded with spraying with jasmonic acid especially at a concentration of 30 mg L-1 compared to treatments sprayed at a lower concentration or control. The results showed that the interaction of river water 1.47 ds m-1 magnetized with a contact path of 38.5*3 cm2 and spraying with jasmonic acid 30 mg L-1 recorded the highest values in the number of aerial stems, number of leaves, total leaf area, and shoot dry weight compared to other treatments. The same treatment led to the highest marketable yield (33.24 and 37.48) tons ha-1 for both seasons respectively, with a significant difference from the control which recorded (11.84 and 13.24) tons ha-1.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Phytotoxicity on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato Plants (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Razak Nisreen J. , Abass Mohammed H. , Awad Khairullah M.
Published: December 2024

This study has been designed to examine the effects of heavy metals, specifically cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), on the germination indices and growth of different tomato varieties (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The current findings revealed that all investigated heavy metals had a significant and detrimental impact on both germination indices and growth parameters at laboratory and greenhouse conditions, with Cd and Pb exhibiting the most pronounced effects. In comparison to the control treatment, the germination percentage decreased by 74.66 and 81.56% when exposed to Pb (380 mg.L-) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Additionally, the germination time was extended two-folds the duration under Cd and Pb treatments. Pb exhibited a significant impact on the reduction of both hypocotyl and radicle lengths in emerging seedlings, at decrease levels of 51.40 and 59.02%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The results also indicated that Cd (16 mg.L-1) had the most pronounced effect on the growth parameters of tomato seedlings cultivated in potting soil under greenhouse conditions, although there was no significant difference observed when compared to Pb. The plant lost more than half of its height, as well as 69% of its shoot FW, 68% of its shoot DW, 70% of its root FW, and 74% of its root DW. Now that we know these things, we need to clean up the heavy metal trash that comes from farms. Taking better care of the land and using methods that lessen the effects of metals is one way to improve plant health and long-term production.
A Review of Pharmaceuticals in Aquatic Environments Risk Assessment and Ecological Impacts
Authors: Gurudiwan Prachi , Mire Sanjay Kumar
Published: December 2024

Pharmaceuticals are enduring, active compounds that, when released into the natural surroundings, impact the equilibrium of ecosystems. The rising prevalence of drugs and their transformation byprod-ucts in the surroundings has garnered increased attention. Numerous commonly prescribed medica-tions, particularly analgesics and antimicrobial agents, are employed in quantities comparable to agri-cultural pesticides yet are not subjected to equivalent environmental risk assessments. The environ-mental destiny and actions of pharmaceuticals necessitate more investigation. People and veterinary medications and their substances are disseminated in the environment through many pathways. Drugs and their metabolites have been documented in underground and groundwater, potable water, parti-cles, soil, wastewater, drainage waste, and animal tissues. The paper addresses concerns regarding the disposition and effects of medicines in the surroundings and in handling sewage, ecological toxicolo-gy, and risk assessment procedures.
Leaf Yield Quality of Swiss Chard Beta Vulgaris Spp. Cicla as Influenced by Ammonium: Nitrate Ratio and Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Noori Zahra Abed Al-majeed , Salman Fouad A.
Published: December 2024

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of NH4+:NO3- ratio and spraying with seaweed extract on the quality indicators of Swiss chard. Nitrate or ammonium fertilization was used alone at a concentration of 400 mg. L-1, or a balanced combination of both at a ratio of 200:200 mg L-1 in combination with spraying with SWE extract at levels of 0, 3, 6 g L-1. Generally, the results showed that the studied quality indicators were affected differently by different fertilization levels and combinations. As, the results showed that the interaction of NH4+:NO3- ratio (200:200) and seaweed extract at a concentration of 6 g L-1 led to the highest significant increase in leaf content of ascorbic acid to 44.92 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight and protein to 6.62%. However, other qualitative indicators, leaf content of oxalic acid 87.85 mg/100 g-1, oxalic acid/calcium ratio 1.73, and number of calcium oxalate crystals 265.13 crystals, recorded the highest values in the nitrate 400: 0 ammonium treatment in combination with the presence of SWE at a concentration of 3 g/L-1.
A Nano-zinc Oxide-based Drug Delivery System and its Biomedical Applications
Authors: Dewangan Tripti , Singh Chiranjeev
Published: December 2024

Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials (ZnO-NMs) are significant nanomaterials utilized in biological applications. Biopolymers have been widely employed in biomedicine due to their various benefits. ZnO nanoparticles coated with biopolymers have exhibited considerable promise in the medical domain. Over the last two decades, ZnO-NM has demonstrated remarkable luminous capabilities, and their affordability, minimal toxicity, and biological compatibility have positioned these nanomaterials as prime prospects for bioimaging applications. Identifying other advantageous characteristics, including the capacity to generate harmful Reactive Oxygen Species, elevated catalytic effectiveness, robust adsorption capacity, and an elevated isoelectric point, further establishes them as attractive nanomaterials for medicinal and diagnostic purposes. This document reviews current advancements in applying ZnO-NM for drug delivery and theranostics in various illnesses, including bacterial infections and cancer. The adaptation enhances the suitability of ZnO-NM by utilizing a biopolymer as a sealing driver, possibly augmenting efficacy in Drug Delivery (DD) and biomedical purposes. ZnO-NM, covered with biopolymers, has extensive applications in biomedicine, including drug delivery, biological imaging, and therapeutic interventions for cancer, microbiological diseases, and diabetes. Moreover, enhancements to ZnO-NM for pharmaceutical delivery frequently involve initiatives to augment biocompatibility, facilitate focused DD, and enhance uptake while mitigating side effects. The alterations improve the stabilization of nanomaterials and facilitate the connection of specific protein molecules for focused delivery and efficacy against diabetics and microbe illnesses.
Examination of Study Physiological Variables among Energy Drinkers in Iraq
Authors: Abdulqader Abeer Talib
Published: December 2024

The literature suggests that the effects of caffeine on cognitive function (such as alertness, vigilance, memory, and mood) vary depending on the type of Energy drink consumed. Alcohol and tobacco use are two examples of uncontrolled confounders that may contribute to discrepancies in study outcomes. Other potential causes include variations in research methods, participant characteristics, study timing, and other contextual factors. Caffeine has been shown to boost performance on both complex and basic tasks by increasing alertness and decreasing weariness, according to a few studies. Research suggests that anxiety may be exacerbated by caffeine in very large doses, but that this effect is negligible at typical coffee intake levels. Adults with pre-existing anxiety disorders may find that caffeine makes their symptoms worse. There is evidence that quitting caffeine can have harmful consequences, although the research is mixed. Caffeine has been shown to improve wakefulness, which is especially helpful for night workers and those suffering from sleep loss.
Local Community Participation based Ecotourism Management for Sustainable Development of Marine Protected Areas
Authors: Ghate Atul Dattatraya , Roy Jainish
Published: December 2024

Successful nature protection initiatives require stakeholder engagement. The intrinsic intricacy of Ecotourism (ET) has made establishing Sustainable Ecotourism (SET) businesses challenging, necessitating more engagement from community stakeholders. The current research examines Local Community Participation (LCP) in Lar National Park (LNP) and the Jajrud Preserved Area (JPA) under the Utilization of National Protected Areas in Iran, assessing its impact on the SET. This research seeks to analyze the influence of LCP on financial, ecological, and sociological sustainability inside Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) via the advancement of ET. The research revealed that in LNP, sustainable ecotourism growth engaging LCP is rising due to their strong affinity and curiosity in this pristine natural area. The interaction between local community engagement and ecotourism viability in the JPA is also crucial. Ecosystems have deteriorated, and sustainability has diminished. To preserve these severely threatened natural regions, leaders must enhance LCP and training to motivate local populations to participate actively in developing sustainable ecotourism.
The Environmental Consequences of Extreme Tourism in Fragile Ecosystems
Authors: Ganieva Khayriniso , Madaminova Durdona , Karimov Nodir , Seytasmanova Anastasiya , Nashirova Shakhnoza , Nizomova Mohinur , Zoirova Aziza , Khamidova Sevara
Published: December 2024

Extreme tourism, typically featuring high-intensity activities in isolated or pristine areas of nature, is becoming much more popular. This trend has engendered concerns over its implications for fragile ecosystems. The environmental impacts of extreme tourism are the concern of this study, with special reference to those ecosystems that are most susceptible to ecological disruption. The analysis looks into the various implications that take place in regard to soil erosion, habitat disturbance, pollution, and loss of biodiversity, events that gain intensity with increasing footfall and infrastructural demands in these regions. The paper further discusses the contribution of inadequate regulatory measures and non-existent sustainable practices within the tourism industry to environmental degradation. The present case studies and the recent data explain in detail the urgent need to establish eco-friendly policies and sustainable tourism models that balance recreational demands with environmental preservation. Results stress the importance of policy makers, tour operators, and local communities joining hands to diminish the detrimental effects of extreme tourism and ensure the resiliency of these fragile ecosystems for future generations.
التخطيط اللغوي وإشكالات الأمن القومي: نظرة عامة في مقاربات التخطيط
Authors: وعكي سفيان
Published: January 2025

تدرس هذه الورقة البحثية الطرق التي استُخدم بها التخطيط اللغوي لمعالجة قضايا الأمن. وتقدم نظرة عامة في مجموعة من مجالات الأمن التي لعب فيها التخطيط اللغوي على المستوى الحكومي دورًا باعتباره وسيلة لتطوير نموذج عمل التخطيط اللغوي في هذا المجال. كما تدرس العلاقة بين اللغة والتواصل والأمن الكامنة في أنشطة التخطيط اللغوي مع التركيز على الأمن، وتنتقد الأسس المفاهيمية التي يُؤسس عليها طرح حلول لغوية لإشكالاته.
CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND MEDIA INFLUENCE: AN EXPLORATION OF TRUST, ENGAGEMENT, AND CHANGING PREFERENCES
Authors: Singh Shivendra
Published: January 2025

This study explores consumers' attitudes toward media focusing on media consumption patterns and preferences. The research examines the relationship between consumer attitudes and media using a mixed-method approach. Secondary data from scholarly sources formed the conceptual framework, while the main data was collected from 500 respondents in Dehradun and Rishikesh through a stratified convenient sampling method. Quantitative analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 20.0, employing statistical tools such as Factor Analysis, and Descriptive Statistics. The findings reveal that most respondents view advertisements as valuable sources of product information and decision-making tools. The study concludes that media significantly shapes consumer behaviour, particularly through advertisements, and the importance of understanding media habits and attitudes. The results show significant insights for developing transparent and impactful media strategies.