bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulps with chlorine dioxide: Factors affecting the efficiency of the final D stage
Authors: SEVASTYANOVA OLENA , FORSSTRÖM ANNBRITT , WACKERBERG EVA , LINDSTRÖM MIKAEL E.
Published: November 2019

We investigated the bleaching efficiency of the final chlorine dioxide (D2) stage in the D0(EP)D1D2 bleaching sequence, focusing on the effect of pH in relation to the bleaching history of pulp samples. The samples used were unbleached kraft Eucalyptus grandis pulps with kappa no. 14.8 and the same pulp oxygen-delignified to kappa nos. 12 and 9.8. The samples were bleached according to the D0(EP)D1 sequence to a brightness of about 86% ISO and then submitted to the final D2 stage under identical conditions (e.g., chlorine dioxide charge, time, temperature, and final pH). The target final brightness was 90.5% ISO. Changes in the kappa number, brightness, viscosity, and contents of hexenuronic acid, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid, and the total amount of carboxylic acid (COOH) groups in pulps were monitored during the bleaching sequence. The final brightness of eucalyptus kraft pulps increased when the terminal pH of the D2 stage was raised from 3.0 to 6.5. The 90.5% ISO target brightness in the D2 stage was achieved for all pulps within a pH range of 4.5–6.5, but this required adjusting final pH for individual samples. The optimal pH value with respect to pulp viscosity was between 3 and 5. Despite dissimilar conditions applied in previous bleaching stages, the samples after the D1 stage revealed similar residual lignin contents as shown by kappa number analysis. The content of hexenuronic acid in the samples, however, varied broadly, from 2 to 26 mmol/kg. Conductometric titration showed different amounts of carboxylic acid groups in pulps after the D1 stage, of which hexenuronic acid accounted for only a minor part. The variations in the fiber charge resulted from the different bleaching conditions applied before the D2 stage. The fiber charge affected the alkali demand in the final D2 stage, whereas variations in the alkali demand affected the initial pH and associated process kinetics. Lower total fiber charge was found to be beneficial for improved final brightening and viscosity when bleached at higher final pH.
Properties of extracted Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulps
Authors: DUARTE G.V. , GAMELAS J.A.F. , RAMARAO B.V. , AMIDON T.E. , FERREIRA P.J.
Published: November 2019

This work was a comprehensive study of the properties of extracted Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulps. Five levels of hot water extraction were performed, each followed by kraft cooking to three different kappa numbers. As extraction took place, the hemicelluloses content of the kraft pulps was reduced from 21%-22% to 3%-4% and, conversely, the cellulose fraction increased from 73%-75% to 85%-90%. Fiber length decreased for all pulps and kink index increased greatly with extraction. The dispersive components of the surface energy for the control (unextracted) and extracted (120 min) kappa no. 15 kraft pulps, as determined by inverse gas chromatography, were found to be 30.8 and 34.9 mJ/m2, respectively. The acid-base properties of the pulp surface seemed to be enhanced by the inclusion of the hot-water extraction step. We discuss the surface energy properties in terms of the chemical structure of the pulps. In addition, we report on two models able to predict the mass removal and kappa number of pulps prepared from preextracted chips.
Assessment of Arundo donax (giant reed) as feedstock for conversion to ethanol
Authors: BURA RENATA , EWANICK SHANNON , GUSTAFSON RICHARD
Published: November 2019

The focus of this study was to assess the feasibility of using giant reed (Arundo donax) for bioethanol production via pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. Sugar and ethanol yields from giant reed were compared with those from hybrid poplar, a well-regarded woody biomass feedstock. Low (L), medium (M), and high (H) severity steam pretreatment conditions were applied to giant reed to select the set of conditions that would allow recovery of the maximum amount of sugars in hydrolysable and fermentable form. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of the combined water insoluble and water soluble fractions from steam pretreated giant reed at the L severity condition of 190°C, 5 min, and 3% SO2 provided the highest ethanol yield − 79% of the theoretical maximum, which corresponds to 0.179 L ethanol/kg of raw material (based on six carbon sugars). Hybrid poplar pretreated at 200°C, 5 min, 3% SO2 produced 0.205 L ethanol/kg raw material after SSF, corresponding to 80% of the theoretical maximum ethanol yield (based on six carbon sugars). Giant reed appears to be a good alternative for biorefineries using poplar or similar hardwood feedstocks.
Early-stage design methodology for biorefinery capital appropriation
Authors: HYTÖNEN EEMELI , STUART PAUL R.
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a methodology for enhancing the strategic investment decision-making process for retrofit forest biorefinery (FBR) implementation. This is achieved by improving the link between retrofit process design and capital appropriation activities through cost accounting. This methodology is based on step-wise screening of retrofit alternatives where (1) traditional techno-economic analysis and multivariate stochastic risk analysis are used in the first pre-screening step, and (2) an advanced analysis framework based on steady-state process modeling, product costing using principles of activity-based costing (ABC), and panel-based multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) is used in the second screening step. In the MCDM, financial- and risk-based decision-making criteria are used. A case study considering the retrofit implementation of a biorefinery into a kraft pulp and paper mill demonstrates the methodology.
Optical and photocatalytic properties of photoactive paper with polycrystalline TiO2 nanopigment for optimal product design
Authors: KO SEONGHYUK , FLEMING PAUL D. , JOYCE MARGARET , ARI-GUR PNINA
Published: November 2019

We investigated the effect of the crystalline phases of titanium dioxide nanopigment to optimize the optical properties and photocatalytic activity for synthesizing a photoactive paper. Six different ratios of anatase to rutile were prepared. Phase change and particle size were characterized using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Optical properties including opacity and brightness were tested. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by measuring toluene decomposition, using gas chromatography. A specific ratio between two different crystallites of titanium dioxide showed relatively better optical and photoactive properties. The optimal anatase-to-rutile ratio was found to be 0.52:0.48.
Two-sided drainage handsheet machine
Authors: VANEREK ALOIS , JONG JIMMY , JEONG YOUNG-IL , FOREL FRANÇOISE , ORCCOTOMA JOSÉ-ANTONIO
Published: November 2019

A new Two-Sided Drainage Handsheet Machine (TSDHM) was developed and compared to the Standard British Handsheet Machine (Standard Machine). The results show that fines and filler distribution in handsheets produced in the one-sided drainage mode by the TSDHM closely mimics the fines and filler distribution of the Standard Machine. When the drainage was reversed on the TSDHM from the classical 100% bottom to 100% top, the fines and filler profiles in the handsheets could be reverted. The two-sided drainage mode on the TSDHM can produce fines and filler profiles across the paper thickness that are completely different from the one-sided drainage mode. These profiles are more representative of top and twin-wire formers.
Influence of topcoat pigment particle size distribution on tail-edge pick resistance in sheet-fed offset printing
Authors: DAHLVIK PETER , BLUVOL GUILLERMO , KAGERER KARL-HEINZ , ARNOLD MANFRED , VARNEY DAN
Published: November 2019

This paper describes ground calcium carbonate pigment particle size distribution and its influence on the tail-edge picking of pilot-coated paper as determined in full-scale sheet-fed offset printing. A tailor-made method was developed using a modified printing plate and high-tack inks to assess surface strength in terms of edge picking. In addition to the type, fineness, and particle size distribution of the ground calcium carbonate pigment, we also evaluated the solids content of the coating color, binder level, clay usage, and calendering. The printing test method provided differentiation relative to the investigated parameters, and it was possible to correlate these results with laboratory test data on ink-coating interaction and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Maximizing the solids content of the formulation to some extent compensated for the loss of pick resistance that followed binder reduction. Other laboratory tests showed poor correlation with the observed degree of edge picking.
Combining classification systems and building the array of keyworks for defining the space of microbiological knowledge
Authors: Tsvetkova V. , Kharybina T. , Mokhnacheva Yu. , Beskaravaynaya E. , Mitroshina I.
Published: November 2019

Using various classifiers, which are thought to facilitate analytical work through structuring subject areas, in fact impedes this work. The authors present the method of combining several classification systems, namely the State Rubricator of Sci-tech Information (SRNTI); and RAS VINITI’s Rubricator of Disciplines; Universal Decimal Classification (UDC); International Patent Classification (IPC). The combination of these classification systems solves the fundamental problem which is to obtain the most detailed understanding of any scientific problem. The solution of this problem enables to determine search boundaries, filter out insignificant and irrelevant information on the subject (in this case – Microbiology). In their study, the authors selected the author's keywords and phrases. On the basis of the arrays of author’s keywords and phrases, an essential harmonized list of keywords and phrases for the basic Microbiology local rubricator was designed. Further, the selected keywords and phrases will serve as the foundation for building the ontological model of the discipline, which will enable computerized ontology building. The Microbiology draft rubricator developed by the authors comprises a three-level hierarchy. In particular, the first level is based on the classical concept of classification systems. Rubricator in Microbiology is developed on the basis of VINITI RAS classification of disciplines through the detailing method.
Modern libraries and the future of science communications
Authors: Zemskov A.
Published: November 2019

To what extent do academic and research libraries contribute to the work of their mother organizations, i.e. research institutes and universities? What is the role of libraries in scientific research? Which problems do hinder the development of librarianship? These and related questions were in the focus of an analytical study conducted in 2018 by Springer Nature, which sent many questionnaires to the libraries around the world with a supplementary limiting interview of 20 librarians. Some part of the responses was quite predictable, and respondents specified the library problems as lacking money, underestimation of the library services and libraries themselves, toughening requirements of university community, and expanding needs of research teams. The respondents often mentioned new, positive approaches in the work of libraries – support of researchers willing to publishing their papers, building and maintaining repositories, increasing independence of libraries in acquisition process and collection development. The study findings offer some solutions to the dispute about the status of libraries and their prospects, which is held by our reputable experts, e.g. V. K. Stepanov, Yu. N. Stolyarov, etc.
A mutated factor X activatable by thrombin corrects bleedings in vivo in a rabbit model of antibody-induced hemophilia A
Authors: Toufik Abache  , Alexandre Fontayne  , Dominique Grenier  , Emilie Jacque  , Alain Longue  , Anne-Sophie Dezetter  , Béatrice Souilliart  , Guillaume Chevreux  , Damien Bataille  , Sami Chtourou  , Jean-Luc Plantier
Published: November 2019

Rendering coagulation factor X sensitive to thrombin was proposed as a strategy that can bypass the need for factor VIII. In this paper, this non-replacement strategy was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in its ability to correct factor VIII but also factor IX, X and XI deficiencies. A novel modified factor X, named Actiten, was generated and produced in the HEK293F cell line. The molecule possesses the required post-translational modifications, partially keeps its ability to be activated by RVV-X, factor VIIa/tissue factor, factor VIIIa/factor IXa and acquires the ability to be activated by thrombin. The potency of the molecule was evaluated in respective deficient plasmas or hemophilia A plasmas, for some with inhibitors. Actiten corrects dose dependently all the assayed deficient plasmas. It is able to normalize the thrombin generation at 20 μg/mL showing however an increased lagtime. It was then assayed in a rabbit antibody-induced model of hemophilia A where, in contrast to recombinant factor X wild-type, it normalized the bleeding time and the loss of hemoglobin. No sign of thrombogenicity was observed and the generation of activated factor X was controlled by the anticoagulation pathway in all performed coagulation assays. This data indicates that Actiten may be considered as a possible non replacement factor to treat hemophilia's with the advantage of being a zymogen correcting bleedings only when needed.
Pastoralism and Development Policy in Ethiopia: A Review Study
Authors: Mohamed Abduselam Abdulahi
Published: November 2019

Pastoralism is a culture, livelihoods system, extensive use of rangelands. It is the key production system practiced in the arid and semi-arid dryland areas. Recent estimates indicate that about 120 million pastoralists and agro-pastoralists life worldwide, of which 41.7% reside only in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Pastoralists live in areas often described as marginal, remote, conflict prone, food insecure and associated with high levels of vulnerability. Pastoral communities of Ethiopia occupy 61% of the total land mass and 97% of Ethiopian pastoralists found in low land areas of Afar, Somali, Oromiya, and SNNPR. In spite pastoral areas have significance role in national economy, yet very little consideration was given to pastoral development and policy makers often neglect them, focusing on the interests of agriculture and urban people. The constitution of Ethiopia gives pastoral communities the right to free land grazing, fair use of natural resources, have market access and receive fair price, and not displaced from their own lands. However, pastoralists have faced new problems in recent years, including competition for water and pasture; unrepresented in socio-economic and political activities, ethnic based conflicts, poverty, and uneven drought and climate changes. The government of Ethiopia began large scale efforts to develop the pastoral areas and initiated different projects, but pastoral development policies and strategies seem to be state centrally-driven. In Ethiopia the current nature of pastoralism and pastoral communities’ life style is changing. Therefore, government needs to develop policies and strategies which are based on local customs and practical knowledge.
Semantic Domain of Hand Activity to Hold in Mandailing Language
Authors: Hutasuhut Anharuddin , Waridah Waridah
Published: November 2019

This research is based on research data in the form of lexemes or words that express the concept of hand activity in Mandailing language. The data of this study are a number of Mandailing language lexemes which contain the meaning of hand activity. All data obtained is recorded and ordered. The data that has been recorded on the data card is classified based on the similarity of the lexical semantic component. The lexemes which stated the hand activity in Mandailing language which had been inventoried were eighty-five lexemes. These lexemes are classified based on the components of the meaning they have so as to form groups or more sub-domain specific meanings. From the study, there were twenty groups of sub-domain meanings based on the purpose of the activity, namely (1) holding, (2) touching, (3) taking, (4) carrying, (5) laying, (6) throwing, (7) giving, (8) receiving, (9) opening, (10) closing, (11) pulling, (12) pushing, (13) hurting, (14) destroying, (15) rolling, (16) calling out, (17) expelling, (18) ) blocking, (19) greeting, and (20) pointing.
Formation of Character of Environmental Care Based on Local Wisdom in Surakarta
Authors: Librata Wendy , Gunawati Dewi Gunawati , Triyanto Triyanto
Published: November 2019

One of the problems regarding environmental damage is human's bad behavior towards the environment. This relates to the character or personality of humans who do not care about environmental sustainability. Environmental damage due to human behavior will bring adverse effects or threaten human survival. The method used in research uses a qualitative approach. As for the results of the research, first, the formation of environmentally friendly character based on local wisdom can be done through education in schools. The teacher provides education or teaching by taking Javanese cultural value related to preserving the environment. Family, through parents provides advice and messages relating to the formation of environmental care character by taking the values contained in local wisdom. Within the scope of the RT programs can be run that lead to environmental hygiene concerns as well as making slogans taken from ancestral advice that can encourage environmental care.
A narrative review of the literature on the reproductive health of female sex workers having age below twenty years
Authors: Wahed Tasnuva , Zaman Shakila , Huda Fauzia Akther , Jiayu Li , Sultana Salima , Alam Anadil , Panza Alessio , Somrongthong Ratana
Published: November 2019

Objective: Female sex workers (FSWs) under 20 years of age range from 1,000 to 575,000 in different cities and countries across the globe. There is only a handful of information on the reproductive health (RH) issues of these younger FSWs in the perspective of service utilization and healthcare system. We reviewed existing literature with a view to describe the reproductive health problems, service utilization, and service availability as well as information sources among the FSWs ages <20 years.

Materials and methods: A web-based search using Google, Google Scholar, MEDLINE/ PubMed/ PubMed Central, HINARI and JSTOR was performed in English Language. The prevalence of a health issue and percentage of service utilization had been shown using ranges of minimum and maximum value which were calculated by different studies.

Results: Findings identified the following RH problems: unintended pregnancies (52% - 95%), induced abortion (51% - 53%), repeated or multiple abortions (13% - 43%), childbirth experiences, sexually transmitted infections (74%-84%), HIV (1% - 60.6%), violence (beaten, robbed, not paid, forced or coerced sex, rape) and mental disorders (depression, suicidal thoughts). The consistent use of condom (26%-55%) was not satisfactory. Overall 64% of under 20 years FSWs reported little or no access to healthcare in the previous year and access to RH information sources was also poor.

Conclusion: This review has potentially meant to bring forward the RH issues of younger FSWs to the policy makers and programme planners to implement targeted reproductive health interventions for the FSWs ages <20 years.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.17-31
Clinical Profile of Non-Malignant submandibular swellings in MMIMSR institute of medical sciences.
Authors: Datta Ginni , Tabassum Saima , Garg LN , Iqbal Sajid
Published: November 2019

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.129-132
Risk Factors and Complications of Newborns with Birth Defect: A Hospital based Case-Control Study
Authors: Afroze Sharmin , Mannan MA , Dey Sanjoy Kumer , Moni Sadeka Choudhury , Shabuj Mohammad Kamrul Hassan , Jahan Ismat , Shahidullah Mohammod
Published: November 2019

Background: Birth defect is one of the most important causes of neonatal mortality worldwide. In a developing country like Bangladesh many possible factors for birth defects are present which should be identified. This study was performed to determine those risk factors of birth defect and complications associated with it.

Materials and Methods: A hospital based matched case-control study was conducted from August 2015 to July 2016 in department of Neonatology along with Obstetrics and Gynecology at BSMMU. A total of 98 mother-infant pair (49 babies with birth defect as cases and 49 healthy babies without any birth defects as controls) was included in the study. For each case, a gestational age, sex and post-natal age matched control was taken. Data was collected by face to face interview. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression models were computed to examine the effect of independent variables on outcome variable using SPSS 23.0. Variables with p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean (± SD) birth weight for cases and controls were 2718.37 (±756.9) grams, and 2617.14 (±978.8) grams respectively. Cardiovascular system was the predominant system (21%) involved in birth defects. Maternal age between 20-29 years (AOR: 4.69; 95% CI 1.078, 20.448), less than four antenatal care visits (AOR: 10.07; 95% CI 2.816, 36.0), no multivitamin intake (AOR: 7.38; 95% CI 1.791, 30.365) and presence of maternal diabetes (AOR: 0.194; 95% CI 0.047, 0.799) were significantly associated with birth defects among newborns. Sepsis, asphyxia, hypoglycemia and dyselectrolytemia were the most prevalent problems among these babies. The need of intravenous fluid, thermal care, antibiotics and mechanical ventilation was also high among the cases.

Conclusion: Birth defect is an upcoming issue in current newborn health situation which need to be prioritized. Significant risk factors should be addressed timely for early diagnosis and proper management of these babies can help in reduction of mortality.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.133-140
Mutagenic properties of modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract
Authors: Harun Ahmad Mukifza , Ghani Noor Baizura Ab , Mohd Noor Nor Farid , Abas Razif , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: November 2019

Backgrounds: The mutagenic properties of modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract were carried out using the Ames test (genotoxicity).

Materials and methods: The Ames test was performed on Salmonella strains (TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA 102) which contain mutations in several genes with and without S9 metabolic activation from rat liver using the standard assay. The materials were extracted in distilled water and the serial dilutions of concentration ranging from 313 to 5000 μg/mLwere used after the incubation period of 24 h at 37° C.

Results: These results suggested that all tested concentrations of the material extracts did not produce mutagenic effect in all the strains tested.

Conclusions: Findings from this study showed that the modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract was non-mutagenic under present conditions.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.159-162
Standardadization and skin irritation potential of herbal analgesic cream containing Nigella sativa seed oil
Authors: Sohail Tehmina , Yasmeen Shazia , Imran Hina , Ferheen Sadia , Rehman Atiq U , Khan Rashid Ali
Published: November 2019

Background & Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate herbal analgesic cream containing Nigella sativa oil as an active ingredient, standardization of Nigella sativa oil and evaluation of irritation/sensitization potential of formulation.

Material & Method: For this, HPLC analysis of oil, skin irritation test on rabbits and patch testing on human skin was conducted. HPLC analysis using C-18 column, using an isocratic mobile phase of water: methanol (10:90) at flow rate of 1 ml/inactive ingredient: thymoquinone purified from the oil was found to be 1.42g (28.4 %). Safety assessment of analgesic cream was based on Primary Dermal Irritation Index (PDII) by Draize method.

Result: According to Draize standard scoring system of reactions PDII was found 0.04 which comes under the category of non irritant. Patch testing on human volunteers revealed that none of volunteers showed any sign of skin reactions.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.163-168
KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK PADA KANTOR CAMAT TABIR ULU KABUPATEN MERANGIN
Authors: Susanto Joko , Anggraini Zepa
Published: November 2019

Penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik merupakan upaya Negara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar dan hak-hak sipil setiap warga Negara atas barang, jasa, dan pelayanan administrasi yang disediakan oleh penyelenggara pelayanan publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kualitas pelayanan publik pada kantor Camat Tabir Ulu Kabupaten Merangin. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian dengan observasi, wawancara dan telaah dokumen dengan informan berjumlah tujuh orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan publik pada Kantor Camat Tabir Ulu belum terlaksana dengan baik secara keseluruhan, dilihat dari lima dimensi kualitas pelayanan publik yaitu berwujud, kehandalan, ketanggapan, jaminan, dan empati. Berwujud, ruang tunggu yang belum dilengkapi dengan pendingin ruangan seperti AC, sehingga masyarakat belum merasa nyaman diruang tunggu. Kehandalan, kecepatan pegawai dalam pengurusan administrasi sudah tergolong baik, terlihat dari kemampun dan keahlian dalam penggunaan teknologi yang ada di kantor sebagai alat bantu dalam proses melayani masyarakat. Ketanggapan, dalam melayani masyarakat belum dapat dirasakan sepenuhnya oleh masyarakat, karena petugas dalam melakukan pelayanan belum sesuai dengan waktu yang tepat dan masih ada beberapa keluhan masyarakat yang belum dapat direspon dengan cepat. Jaminan, masih ditemukan pelayanan yang belum terjamin selesai dengan waktu yang telah ditentukan. Empati, masih ditemukan perlakuan istimewa kepada masyarakat yang ada hubungan kekerabatan.
HUBUNGAN KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK PERAWAT DENGAN KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT INAP DI PUSKESMAS WOTU KABUPATEN LUWU TIMUR
Authors: Achmad Helmy Kahar , Wahidin Wahidin , Halim Halim
Published: November 2019

Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan kesehatan adalah komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dari aspek keterbukaan, empati, sifat mendukung perawat, sikap positif perawat dan kesetaraan antara perawat dan pasien dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Puskesmas Wotu Kabupaten Luwu Timur. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik, dengan desain cross sectional study. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 87 responden (sampel jenuh) dengan teknik penarikan sampel Purposive Sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara komunikasi terapeutik ditinjau dari aspek keterbukaan, empati, sifat mendukung perawat, sikap positif perawat dan kesetaraan antara perawat dan pasien dengan kepuasan pasien rawat inap di Puskesmas Wotu. Puskesmas Wotu dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pasien dengan menambah keterampilan para perawat di instalasi rawat inap Puskesmas Wotu.
Definition of Turkey’s National Interests in the Early Cold War Era: Divergence and Convergence between DP and RPP in the 1950s
Authors: KASAPSARAÇOĞLU Murat
Published: November 2019

National interest is a widely debated concept in the IR literature while analyzing foreign policies of states. This paper analyzes Turkey’s national interests in the 1950s and argues that they were hard to define commonly for all and there were convergence as well as divergence between the government and the opposition in the definition of national interests. As a result, despite the continuity, specifically, in the development of Turkish-American relations and the Middle East policy in the first half of the decade, Middle East and Cyprus policies in the second half caused split between two sides. Such an argument can be regarded as a contribution to the third way in the literature mainly divided by the “continuity vs rupture” debate in Turkish foreign policy and definition of national interests between Democrat Party (DP) and Republican People’s Party (RPP).
Tuam Babies and Kerry Babies: Clandestine Pregnancies and Child Burial Sites in Tom Murphy's Drama and Mary Leland's The Killeen
Authors: Burke Mary
Published: November 2019

This article focuses on strictures pertaining to reproduction and childbirth in Tom Murphy's On the Outside (1959), On the Inside (1974), and Bailegangaire (1985), and Mary Leland's The Killeen (1985), and the relevance of such to clandestine child burials. Murphy was born in Tuam in 1935 in the vicinity of St. Mary's religious-run institution for unmarried mothers (1925–61) – on the site of which the unregistered remains of numerous infants were recently uncovered – and emigrated in 1962, a near overlap with St. Mary's years of operation. The research that uncovered its mass grave was spurred by an inaccurate local memory of the site as a ‘lisheen’/‘killeen’, or unconsecrated burial site for stillborns. This folk response to Catholic doctrine, that the unbaptized could not be buried in consecrated ground, was practiced into the 1950s in alternative ‘sacred’ sites. The lisheen circumvented the doctrinal rigidities that produced Tuam's carceral infrastructure and its mass grave, but metropolitan unfamiliarity with this poorly-documented custom may have factored in the false accusation that led to 1984's ‘Kerry Babies’ trial. Alertness to such contexts make audible previously muted references within Murphy's oeuvre to the hidden histories of vulnerable women's bodies and those of their secretly birthed, concealed, miscarried, or stillborn babies.
Maeve Kelly: Women, Ireland, and the Aesthetics of Radical Writing
Authors: Workman Simon
Published: November 2019

This article considers the work of Irish writer and feminist Maeve Kelly arguing that she has been not only a radical and, to some extent, seminal voice within modern Irish writing, but an author whose work self-consciously reflects upon the production and mediation of Irish women's writing within British and Irish culture. While Kelly is not unique in adopting a feminist approach in her writing, aspects of her fiction are somewhat discrete within modern Irish literature in terms of how they express, delineate, and resolve the challenges – material, psycho-cultural, aesthetic – attendant upon the representation of feminist political thought and occluded Irish female experience. Particularly within an Irish context, Kelly's writing provides a significant case study of the aesthetic problematics of politically radical fiction. Her oeuvre represents a vital contribution to Irish writing of the twentieth century as well as to the history of women in post-war Ireland.
The Comic Uncanny in John Banville's Eclipse
Authors: Radley Bryan
Published: November 2019

Humour is a key facet of John Banville's aesthetic but is currently an under-researched aspect of his oeuvre. Few critics devote sustained attention to the role of comedy in Banville's prose; most pay lip service to humour before moving on to more serious business. By contrast, the Banvillean uncanny is often examined as a defining feature of the writer's later work. This article proposes that Banville's novels demonstrate the conjunction of the comic and the uncanny, exposing how they work as interrelated, mutually productive modes. This is especially true when theatricality is also in play, as in Eclipse (2000). Sharing techniques, effects, and concerns – doubling and double-takes, repetition, insinuation and implication, and defamiliarization – the comic and the uncanny combine to create a profoundly unsettling aesthetic. My approach thus emphasizes comedy's potential as a conceptual tool with which to approach the many strange and humorous dissonances of contemporary fiction.
Elegising the Past and Future: Seamus Heaney's ‘Route 110’ Sequence
Authors: Hickey Ian
Published: November 2019

This article solely focuses on Seamus Heaney's ‘Route 110’ sequence from his final collection of poetry, Human Chain. The sequence is broadly founded in memory and sees the poet revisit a series of significant instances from his life. It can be argued that this poem is an elegy, not only in the sense of mourning someone else, but also an elegy for the self and for the past. ‘Route 110’ sees the poet reflect on life from the perspective that comes with experience. Notions of birth and rebirth, allusions to classical myth, and lamentation feature prominently throughout the course of the sequence.
‘She done Coriolanus at the Convent’: Empowerment and Entrapment in Teresa Deevy's In Search of Valour
Authors: Maley Willy
Published: November 2019

This article explores the gender politics of a neglected one-act play by Teresa Deevy, first staged at the Abbey in 1931, that revolves around the young female protagonist's recollection of a convent production of Shakespeare's Coriolanus in which the title role was taken by a young woman. This role model offers inspiration for a character confined as a domestic servant and defiantly seeking an alternative to the stultifying circumstances of life in rural Free State Ireland. While Ellie Irwin resembles other spirited Deevy heroines, the doubling of the young servant with her memory of Charlotta Burke as a non-cross-dressed Coriolanus adds a different dramatic dimension and raises questions of gender performance that the play's critical reception has not always acknowledged.
COMPENSATION OF NON-SYNCHRONICITY OF RECORDS FOR DOWNHOLE MICROSEISMIC MONITORING SYSTEMS IN CASE OF VTI MEDIA ANIZOTROPY
Authors: Yaskevich Sergey , Duchkov Anton
Published: November 2019

Downhole microseismic monitoring sometimes includes the installation of several downhole surveillance systems. One of the key hardware requirements is accurate synchronization of the records received. Usually this problem is solved at the hardware level, and in the case of ideal observations, additional correction procedures are not required. In some cases, hardware synchronization is lost, and for the correct use of the observed data, it is necessary to compensate for the shift in synchronization; this compensation is also necessary when synchronization information is lost during data storage and transmission. In this paper, we propose to introduce into inversion an additional parameter responsible for asynchronous recordings and to show that in the case of a simple medium model, this asynchrony can be determined directly from the data. Here we also investigate the dependence of the accuracy of determining synchronization shifts depending on the complexity of the media and the geometry of the observation system.
KINEMATIC FEATURES OF CONVERTED WAVES AT LARGE OFFSETS IN A MEDIUM WITH AZIMUTHALLY ANIZOTROPIC LAYERS
Authors: Khogoeva Ekaterina , Karsten Vladimir
Published: November 2019

This paper analyses the influence of a thick horizontal - transversely isotropic interval on kinematics of converted waves. We attempted to distinguish the effect of horizontal layering considering azimuthal profiles separately.
GEOPHONES IN LOCAL SEISMOLOGICAL NETWORKS
Authors: Dergach Petr , Duchkov Anton , Yushin Vyacheslav
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a method of assessment of geophones capability in seismological networks is described. The expansion of records frequency band, which are needed in this case, is performed by special software (low-frequency deconvolution algorithm). The main feature of the work is that the possibility of deconvolution is linked to the seismic energy of events, and not only to the level of the original seismic signals.
TOMOGRAPHY BASED ON THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MODEL BY CHIBYSHEV POLYNOMIALS: EXAMPLES OF USE
Authors: Protasov Maxim , Neklyudov Dmitry , Nazarov Leonid
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with the three-dimensional travel-time tomography of the first arrivals. The model is represented by Chebyshev polynomials. This allows one to use a priori information about the model effectively and reduce the number of recoverable parameters to the required minimum. Also, such a model representation makes it possible to obtain a very efficient algorithm for solving the two-point ray-tracing problem for three-dimensional media, which is necessary for tomography. Examples of solving the three-dimensional cross-well tomography, as well as examples using tomography for the reconstruction of stress fields in the coal-rock mass are presented.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE SCHEME OF HYDROCHEMICAL CONTROL OVER THE REFRIGERATION OF GAS AND GAS-CONDENSATE WELLS
Authors: Permyakov Viktor , Yurkevich Natalia , Eltsov Igor , Manstein Alexander , Karin Yuri , Kiselev Mikhail , Ilyin Alexey
Published: November 2019

Hydrochemical control of field development allows to define the first signs of well drowning. The most informative method it is online monitoring of the parameters of the liquid from wells. This article presents the main results of research work aimed at creating a flow-through device and methods of interpreting the results of measurements of the electrophysical parameters of liquid. This method can be used to assessment genetic profile of water and justification the optimal scheme of hydrochemical control.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE SELENIUM-, NITROGEN - AND SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS IN THE VAPOR PHASE FROM THE DUMP OF GOLD DEPOSITS
Authors: Yurkevich Natalia , Makas Aleksey , Bortnikova Svetlana , Reutsky Alexander , Chernuhin Valeriy , Abrosimova Natalya , Cheshkina Darya
Published: November 2019

The results of an experiment to determine the composition of selenium, nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds in the vapor-gas phase above the surface of the autoclaved sample of the waste substance of the Ursk sulfide-containing gold mining waste (Kemerovo region) and with the addition of a cultured bacterium of the Bacillus mycoides species are presented.
ESTIMATION OF ELECTROPHYSICAL PARAMETRES DYNAMICS ON THE MINE TAILINGS SALAGAEVSKIY LOG (KEMEROVO REGION)
Authors: Fedorova Tatyana , Karin Yuri , Edelev Alexey , Yurkevich Natalia , Saeva Olga , Bortnikova Svetlana
Published: November 2019

The data of fieldwork on the Salagaevsk Log tailings are presented using the method of daily micro-tomography and temperature measurements. The dynamics of electrical resistivity and its relationship with near-surface temperature changes are estimated. It was revealed that near-surface (up to 15 cm) changes in resistance occur due to daily temperature changes, and variability in deep in the sections are associated with changes in the resistance of the near-surface layer.
STUDYING OF THE PROPERTIES OF CLAYED HYDRATE-CONTAINING SAMPLES USING HEAVY WATER BY THE DATA OF NMR RELAXOMETRY METHOD
Authors: Shumskayte Mariya , Glinskikh Vyacheslav , Duchkov Al’bert , Manakov Andrey
Published: November 2019

A model of synthetic hydrates in a mixture of quartz pellets with kaolin clay is considered using by tetrahydrofuran solution based on distilled water and heavy water. The dissociation of tetrahydrofuran is investigated under atmospheric pressure. The analysis of the NMR-characteristics of tetrahydrofuran hydrate in a clayed sand is performed. The stages of hydrate dissociation excluding water contribution are established and it is shown that the NMR-relaxometry method is sensitive to the clay content. The obtained results allow us to simulate the processes of hydrate formation in real rocks and study their physical characteristics.
SPREADING OF TRITIUM IN SURFACE WATER OF THE SITE OF THE PEACEFUL UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR EXPLOSION «CRYSTAL» IN 2018
Authors: Artamonova Svetlana
Published: November 2019

The content of technogenic radionuclide tritium in surface water of peaceful underground nuclear explosion «Crystall» site is considered. The volumic activity of tritium in surface water of the explosion well reaches 12 Bq/l in 2018. It is 630 times less than the intervention limit of drinking water (7600 Bq/kg) according to radiation safety standards. At once it is in 5,5 times higher than the regional background level of tritium activity in river water (in the order of 2,2 Bq/l). The work is done with the help of liquid-scintillation spectrometry on state assignment of IGM SB RAS and on the project No. 18-45-140020 «Features of nuclear technogenesis by the example of the object of the peaceful underground nuclear explosion «Crystal» supported by the Russian foundation for basic research (RFBR).
FEATURES OF SEASONAL CHANGES OF THE FIELD OF STANDING WAVES IN THE DAM OF THE CHIRKEY HPP
Authors: Liseikin Aleksei , Seleznev Victor , Adilov Zarahman
Published: November 2019

The natural oscillations of the arch dam of the Chirkey HPP, isolated from the microseismic background by the method of coherent recovery of standing wave fields, are analyzed. Experimental work was carried out twice - at the maximum and minimum filling levels of the reservoir. This made it possible to identify the features of seasonal changes in the field of standing waves. The results can be used to monitor the technical condition of the Chirkey dam.
GALVANIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC LOGS IN MODELS OF WEST-SIBERIAN CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS
Authors: Sukhorukova Carina , Petrov Aleksey , Moskaev Ilya , Nechaev Oleg , Nikitenko Marina
Published: November 2019

Geoelectric models describe the main types of the Cretaceous sediments of Western Siberia. Permeable layers in thin-layered model may be isotropic or anisotropic and include invaded and annulus zones formed during drilling. Galvanic and electromagnetic logs do not provide an accurate resistivity evaluation for thin electrically contrasting layers. The use of special signal transformations partially solves this problem, but 2D inversion provides a more reliable estimation of model parameters.
Comparative Politics of Circumcision Bans in Western Europe: A Causal Narrative
Authors: Akturk Sener
Published: November 2019

Between 2012 and 2018, a wave of attempts to prohibit the circumcision of infant males swept across German-speaking and Scandinavian polities, from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (all in 2012), to Sweden (2013-2018), Denmark (2016-2018), Norway (2017), and finally Iceland (2018), where it came closest to being approved by the parliament. This article develops a causal narrative of those attempts, highlighting the key actors and the chronology of their involvement in the attempts to prohibit circumcision. First, medical and/or legal professionals advocated prohibition, which was then politicized by the far right (and/or secularist left) parties, and once the issue became politically salient, public opinion polls demonstrated significant support for prohibition. The politicized demand for prohibition forced the national legislature to debate the issue. In the meantime, international Jewish and Muslim organizations campaigned against prohibition, which finally provoked the national executives and/or political party leaders to intervene to stop the prohibitionist attempt.
Dolgu Duvarların Betonarme Binaların Doğal Titreşim Periyotları Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Yiğit Abdullah , Erdil Barış , Akkaya İsmail
Published: November 2019

Tuğla, gaz beton, briket vb. inşaat malzemeleri ile kaplama veya bölme amaçlı kullanılan dolgu duvarlar, betonarme yapılarla birlikte yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Deprem yönetmeliklerinde dolgu duvar taşıyıcı eleman olarak her ne kadar kabulü onanmasa da veya sadece ağırlık olarak yapıya bir etkisi olduğu kabul edilse de yıllarca yapılan analitik ve deneysel çalışmalar neticesinde dolgu duvarların betonarme yapıların davranışına önemli bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada dolgu duvarlı gerçek betonarme binalar ele alınmıştır. Bu binalar üç boyutlu olarak modellenerek dinamik analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda binaların dolgu duvarlı ve dolgu duvarsız modellerine ait doğal titreşim periyot değerleri bina planının her iki doğrultusu için elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen doğal titreşim periyotları daha sonra binalardan alınan mikrotremor ölçümleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Dolgu duvarlı olarak analiz edilen binaların doğal titreşim periyotlarının önemli düzeyde azaldığı ve mikrotremor ölçümlerine daha yakın değerler elde edildiği görülmüştür.
Studi Aktivitas Reaksi Fotokatalisis Berbasis Katalis TiO2-Karbon Aktif Terhadap Mutu Air Limbah Power Plant
Authors: Suryandari Ade Sonya , Mustain Asalil , Pratama Dana Wahyu , Maula Inayatul
Published: November 2019

Pengolahan air limbah merupakan proses mengolah air buangan yang sudah tidak terpakai untuk dapat dikembalikan ke siklus air di lingkungan. Unit Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) PT. Indonesia Power digunakan untuk mengolah air limbah yang berasal dari berbagai sumber salah satunya yaitu HRSG Sump Pit. Buangan air limbah yang berasal dari HRSG Sump Pit memiliki kandungan fosfat dikarenakan adanya penambahan fosfat pada unit sebelumnya yang bertujuan sebagai inhibitor proses korosi. Karakteristik limbah cair dapat ditentukan dari beberapa parameter diantaranya nilai pH, optical density (OD), dan kadar fosfat. Pengolahan air limbah dilakukan agar limbah cair yang dihasilkan dapat memenuhi baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan reaksi fotokatalisis berbasis katalis TiO2/karbon aktif pada berbagai komposisi katalis dan durasi penyinaran. Proses fotokatalisis dilakukan dengan penambahan katalis pada perbandingan komposisi TiO2/karbon aktif 10:1, 5:1, 3:1 dan 2:1. Sedangkan lama waktu penyinaran 3, 4, 5, dan 6 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH terendah sesuai baku mutu yaitu 8,13 dan penurunan kadar fosfat sebesar 70,12% mampu dicapai pada komposisi katalis TiO2/karbon aktif 3:1 dengan durasi penyinaran 5 jam. Penurunan OD tertinggi dicapai pada kondisi perbandingan komposisi katalis TiO2/karbon aktif 10:1 dan durasi penyinaran 6 jam yaitu sebesar 98,86%.

 

Water treatment is the process of treating water discharges that are not used to be discarded into the environment. Wastewater Treatment Unit Plant (WWTP) of PT. Indonesia Power is used to treat wastewater coming from several sources, one of which is HRSG Sump Pit. Wastewater from the HRSG Pit contains phosphate which is related to the phosphate addition in the previous unit which is needed as an inhibitor of corrosion process. The characteristics of liquid waste can be determined from several parameters such as pH value, optical density (OD), and phosphate content. Wastewater treatment is carried out to obtain liquid waste which comply to the quality standards before being discarded into the environment. This research was carried out by applying the photocatalysis reaction based on catalyst TiO2-activated carbon with various catalyst compositions and irradiation duration. The process of photocatalysis was carried out by adding catalysts to the ratio of the composition of TiO2 / activated carbon 10:1, 5:1, 3:1 and 2:1. While the irradiation time is 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours. The results show that the lowest pH according to quality standards was 8.13 and a reduction in phosphate content of 70.12% was achieved in the 3: 1 TiO2/activated carbon catalyst composition with a 5-hour irradiation duration. The highest OD reduction was achieved under the condition ratio of catalyst composition of TiO2/activated carbon 10:1 and the irradiation duration of 6 hours that was equal to 98.86%.