bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chinese Critique of the “Socialist Commonwealth”: Implications for Proletarian Internationalism and Peaceful Coexistence
Authors: Hsiung James C.
Published: April 2017

Being a China specialist in the midst of a panel of Soviet experts, I find myself as something of a marginal man. The theme of the meeting and the concern of the panel is the future of intergovernmental systems within the socialist commonwealth. Unfortunately, I must take a more pessimistic view than those who have gone before me. My research has yielded little on the relationship between socialist international organizations and the People’s Republic of China. It is evident that the PRC has not associated itself with tiiese organizations.
Comments by Alan F. Sewell
Authors: Sewell Alan F. , Duer Kreszentia
Published: April 2017

Having heard the presentations of Professors Dugard, Moore, and Abu-Lughod and being required to respond to them, I find myself in a somewhat strange and uncomfortable position. I assume that most of the men and women in this room are lawyers or at least have a strong orientation to the law. I, however, am a social psychologist and not a lawyer. But as a result of watching a number of Perry Mason reruns on television, I know that my ignorance of the law is no excuse.
Remarks by Arthur Downey
Authors: Downey Arthur , Burts Leonore
Published: April 2017

I think Professor Jacobsen’s analysis of the unity, the comprehensiveness of the forward movement of Soviet policy and its military, diplomatic, political, economic, cultural advance may be quite true, but I wonder if we are not really only talking about a difference in degree from the U.S. system. I think the fact that Soviet policy is conceived of as a web, and that individual geographic areas or political, military, economic issues are not viewed or treated in isolation, is a concept or a method of conducting policy that is not peculiar to the Soviet Union. We have the same thing, with perhaps only a slight difference in degree as a result in part of the ability of the Soviet system to centralize.
Remarks by Harold J. Berman
Authors: Berman Harold J.
Published: April 2017

I shall focus attention, in the brief time allotted, on the role of the U.S. Government in promoting trade with the Communist countries, having in mind not the larger political and economic questions which underlie governmental action but the institutional questions arising from the fact that the entire foreign trade of Communist countries is conducted by state agencies, operating under a system of national economic planning, while the foreign trade of the United States, as that of other market economies, is conducted primarily by individual, privately owned business units operating more or less independently of government.
Remarks by David N. Smith
Authors: Smith David N.
Published: April 2017

I would like to begin this discussion by providing a framework for a general analysis of the concessions problem. If one were to take a look at the general literature relating to concessions in the late 1940’s, 1950’s, and early 1960’s, one would obtain a very special view of concessions in that literature. This view was shaped, to some extent, by the sociology of concessions knowledge. Most concessionaires and most concession-giving countries have traditionally held their concession agreements very close to their vests, and it has until recently been extremely difficult to obtain copies of actual agreements. Consequently, those academics and others who wrote about concessions in the 1940’s, ‘50’s, and ‘60’s found that they had very little to write about except the traditional lawyer’s concern for sanctity of contract, choice of law, and arbitration. With regard to the latter topic it might be observed that never has so much been written by so many for so few because, as we all know, concession agreements seldom come to arbitration. One reason is that the arbitration clause usually deals with the sort of disputes which are not at the heart of most country concessionaire conflicts.
Remarks by J. Speed Carroll
Authors: Carroll J. Speed
Published: April 2017

I would like to address myself to some of the issues of nationalism which I think are implicit in the developments we have seen not only in the mineral field, but also in industrial and economic fields. We seem to be entering into what might be called a third generation of relationships between developed countries and the developing world. As has been pointed out, the day in which the major commercial interests of the metropolitan powers constituted very much a Taw unto themselves has given way to a transitional period marked by hostility and uncertainties in relations between the representatives of the industrialized and the developing nations. Such times are characterized by mutual suspicion and even now hardly a day passes that we do not read about some threatened or actual takeovers, whether it be foreign insurance companies in India or copper mines in Chile.
Remarks by Charles Stevens:
Authors: Stevens Charles
Published: April 2017

I ought to point out first that my own practice is primarily corporate practice dealing with international business between Japan and the United States. Contract drafting is probably what I do most of, that and contract negotiations. In my field, many of the negotiations are not polite; they involve role playing on both sides and often extreme misunderstandings on both sides. I think, in addition to a good law background, the most important element in practice, especially in relations between Asia and the United States, is knowledge of an Asian language and a cultural familiarity with the countries where you specialize. To be able to communicate with your own client, and to be able to communicate for your client with the Japanese company across the table, knowledge of the language is absolutely essential. Also, I think my type of practice—that is practice with Asia—illustrates something that has happened in American law practice during the last ten years. The causes are primarily the revolution in transportation and something called the telex machine. Before 1960 it was impossible to get to Tokyo from New York in less than 26 hours. Now I go almost every month; it takes 16 hours. If you are representing Japanese clients in the United States it is necessary, I think, to meet the people in the Tokyo home office. Japanese abide greatly by this type of personal contact. It also helps to eliminate misunderstanding between a lawyer and his client. More and more lawyers, especially out of New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Washington are traveling around the world with their practices following them. If you have support services in various cities, there is usually no problem. You can travel, especially if your secretary and the people you work with out of the office from which you originate can handle the minor problems that come up. The telex machine has become extremely important. This is partly because of the time lag. Japan is almost exactly twelve hours opposite from the United States. My clients’ legal departments can handle minor negotiations and telex questions to me or ask me to draft particular positions. By getting background by telex, I can do this on an overnight basis so that in effect their legal department works 24 hours a day. This has the added benefit that sometimes the Japanese clients are able to disguise from the opposing American side the fact that they are using a large New York law firm.
Writing Sovereignty in Invisible Ink? Autochthonous Sovereignty and Territorial Appropriations in Nineteenth-Century Franco-African Treaties
Authors: Surun Isabelle
Published: April 2017

This article focuses on the modes of territorial appropriation that characterized the transition from the old to the new colonial regime, when Europeans built their empires in Africa. It analyzes the juridical construction of colonial territorialities based on a corpus of treaties concluded between agents of the French colonial authority and African chiefs, an instrument of legal appropriation that has to date been little explored by historians of international law. Studying the terminology used in these treaties reveals the instability of these categories and the uncertainty of European negotiators regarding the meaning of the legal frameworks they sought to impose on African chiefs. During the last decades of the nineteenth century, the protectorate emerged as the most common legal arrangement for regulating the sharing or transfer of sovereignty, based on a distinction between its external and internal dimensions. The consent of African chiefs to such arrangements therefore hung on whether they considered their territorial sovereignty to be divisible or indivisible.
Organizing Sovereign Provinces in Independent America: The Republic of Córdoba, 1776–1827
Authors: Verdo Geneviève
Published: April 2017

This article considers the different political forms that emerged after the former viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (which would eventually become Argentina) became independent. Based on the case of the Republic of Córdoba in the 1820s, it analyzes the territorial and institutional construction of an original political entity, the sovereign province. At the end of the eighteenth century, the reforms put in place under the Spanish Monarchy reinforced and politicized the territorial bodies that made up its empire, a process that continued after the revolution of independence. This created a tension between the sovereignty of these territorial bodies and the sovereignty of the “nation,” which operated according to different territorial constructions and brought different conceptions of sovereignty into play. While the Republic of Córdoba consolidated its internal sovereignty, it was also working toward integration into a larger political entity, envisaged as a confederation.
Gift, Sacrifice, and Sorcery: The Moral Economy of Alms in Senegal
Authors: Bondaz Julien , Bonhomme Julien
Published: April 2017

In 2010, Senegal was gripped by a strange rumor known as the “death offering”: a mysterious individual driving a 4×4 was said to be distributing alms that killed all who accepted them. The story made the headlines, and several individuals accused of making deadly offerings were beaten by crowds. In this article, we show that the rumor destabilizes the everyday routines of charity and the religious solidarity that underpins them. In the context of Senegalese Islam, the rumor thus exposes the ambiguities inherent in the moral economy of alms (or sarax in Wolof). This paradigmatic case of the poisoned gift reveals a grey area between religion, magic, and sorcery. It also anxiously questions the relation between gift and sacrifice, two classic concepts in anthropology since Marcel Mauss.
A Pedagogical Turn in French Teacher Training The Case of the History and Geography CAPES
Authors: Delacroix Christian
Published: April 2017

The “scientific” and “educational” questions raised by the relationship between research and the teaching of history have returned to the spotlight with the current reform of teacher training in France. Undertaken as part of the “Refounding the School System” project initiated in 2012 by minister of education Vincent Peillon, this reform accords a central place to pedagogical approaches and “professionalization.” This article analyzes some of the issues at stake in this “pedagogical turn” for the training of history and geography teachers, particularly with regard to renewed questions about the social function of history and the recurrent challenges and reservations on the part of academic historians about binding the notions of “scientific” and “educational” together.
Does History Need a Reset?
Authors: Hunt Lynn
Published: April 2017

David Armitage and Jo Guldi’s arguments about the crisis of history depend on assertions that have little or no factual basis; they misread their own data. Since the nature of the crisis is in doubt, it follows that the authors’ narrative of its causes must also come into question. Armitage and Guldi confuse microhistory with cultural history and mischaracterize the work of cultural historians. An alternative to their misreading and mischaracterization is to look at previous moments of perceived “crisis”: historians have been worrying about similar issues for nearly a century. To understand the distinctiveness of the present crisis, it would be useful to consider the effects of the relentless democratization of higher education rather than to blame certain historians for pushing history off course.
As Winters Get Warmer, Sugar Maples May Absorb Less Silicon
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: April 2017

Rising temperatures that reduce snow cover leave soils vulnerable to frost, reducing silicon uptake by trees, with potential effects on downstream ecosystems.
Optical-helicity-driven magnetization dynamics in metallic ferromagnets
Authors: Choi Gyung-Min , Schleife André , Cahill David G.
Published: April 2017

Recent observations of switching of magnetic domains in ferromagnetic metals by circularly polarized light, so-called all-optical helicity dependent switching, has renewed interest in the physics that governs the interactions between the angular momentum of photons and the magnetic order parameter of materials. Here we use time-resolved-vectorial measurements of magnetization dynamics of thin layers of Fe, Ni and Co driven by picosecond duration pulses of circularly polarized light. We decompose the torques that drive the magnetization into field-like and spin-transfer components that we attribute to the inverse Faraday effect and optical spin-transfer torque, respectively. The inverse Faraday effect is approximately the same in Fe, Ni and Co, but the optical spin-transfer torque is strongly enhanced by adding a Pt capping layer. Our work provides quantitative data for testing theories of light–material interactions in metallic ferromagnets and multilayers.
Lgr5 is a marker for fetal mammary stem cells, but is not essential for stem cell activity or tumorigenesis
Authors: Trejo Christy L. , Luna Gidsela , Dravis Christopher , Spike Benjamin T. , Wahl Geoffrey M.
Published: April 2017

The search for the bipotent mammary stem cells that drive mammary development requires markers to enable their prospective isolation. There is general agreement that bipotent mouse mammary stem cells are abundant in late fetal development, but their existence in the adult is vigorously debated. Among markers useful for mammary stem cell identification, the Wnt co-receptor Lgr5 has been suggested by some to be both “necessary and sufficient” for bipotency and transplantation of adult mammary stem cell activity, though other studies disagree. Importantly, the relevance of Lgr5 to the bipotency of fetal mammary stem cells has not been studied. We show here that expression of a fluorescent protein driven by the endogenous Lgr5 promoter enables significant fetal mammary stem cell enrichment. We used lineage tracing to demonstrate embryonic cells expressing Lgr5 are bipotent, while their adult counterparts are myoepithelial restricted. Importantly, our data conclusively demonstrate that Lgr5 is dispensable for both fetal and adult mammary stem cell activity and for the development of mammary tumors.
In Vivo Molecular Optical Coherence Tomography of Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Hyaluronan Receptors
Authors: Si Peng , Sen Debasish , Dutta Rebecca , Yousefi Siavash , Dalal Roopa , Winetraub Yonatan , Liba Orly , de la Zerda Adam
Published: April 2017

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging of living subjects offers increased depth of penetration while maintaining high spatial resolution when compared to other optical microscopy techniques. However, since most protein biomarkers do not exhibit inherent contrast detectable by OCT, exogenous contrast agents must be employed for imaging specific cellular biomarkers of interest. While a number of OCT contrast agents have been previously studied, demonstrations of molecular targeting with such agents in live animals have been historically challenging and notably limited in success. Here we demonstrate for the first time that microbeads (µBs) can be used as contrast agents to target cellular biomarkers in lymphatic vessels and can be detected by OCT using a phase variance algorithm. This molecular OCT method enables in vivo imaging of the expression profiles of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), a biomarker that plays crucial roles in inflammation and tumor metastasis. In vivo OCT imaging of LVYE-1 showed that the biomarker was significantly down-regulated during inflammation induced by acute contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Our work demonstrated a powerful molecular imaging tool that can be used for high resolution studies of lymphatic function and dynamics in models of inflammation, tumor development, and other lymphatic diseases.
The E. coli molecular phenotype under different growth conditions
Authors: Caglar Mehmet U. , Houser John R. , Barnhart Craig S. , Boutz Daniel R. , Carroll Sean M. , Dasgupta Aurko , Lenoir Walter F. , Smith Bartram L. , Sridhara Viswanadham , Sydykova Dariya K. , Vander Wood Drew , Marx Christopher J. , Marcotte Edward M. , Barrick Jeffrey E. , Wilke Claus O.
Published: April 2017

Modern systems biology requires extensive, carefully curated measurements of cellular components in response to different environmental conditions. While high-throughput methods have made transcriptomics and proteomics datasets widely accessible and relatively economical to generate, systematic measurements of both mRNA and protein abundances under a wide range of different conditions are still relatively rare. Here we present a detailed, genome-wide transcriptomics and proteomics dataset of E. coli grown under 34 different conditions. Additionally, we provide measurements of doubling times and in-vivo metabolic fluxes through the central carbon metabolism. We manipulate concentrations of sodium and magnesium in the growth media, and we consider four different carbon sources glucose, gluconate, lactate, and glycerol. Moreover, samples are taken both in exponential and stationary phase, and we include two extensive time-courses, with multiple samples taken between 3 hours and 2 weeks. We find that exponential-phase samples systematically differ from stationary-phase samples, in particular at the level of mRNA. Regulatory responses to different carbon sources or salt stresses are more moderate, but we find numerous differentially expressed genes for growth on gluconate and under salt and magnesium stress. Our data set provides a rich resource for future computational modeling of E. coli gene regulation, transcription, and translation.
Inorganic carbon physiology underpins macroalgal responses to elevated CO2
Authors: Cornwall Christopher E. , Revill Andrew T. , Hall-Spencer Jason M. , Milazzo Marco , Raven John A. , Hurd Catriona L.
Published: April 2017

Beneficial effects of CO2on photosynthetic organisms will be a key driver of ecosystem change under ocean acidification. Predicting the responses of macroalgal species to ocean acidification is complex, but we demonstrate that the response of assemblages to elevated CO2are correlated with inorganic carbon physiology. We assessed abundance patterns and a proxy for CO2:HCO3−use (δ13C values) of macroalgae along a gradient of CO2at a volcanic seep, and examined how shifts in species abundance at other Mediterranean seeps are related to macroalgal inorganic carbon physiology. Five macroalgal species capable of using both HCO3−and CO2had greater CO2use as concentrations increased. These species (and one unable to use HCO3−) increased in abundance with elevated CO2whereas obligate calcifying species, and non-calcareous macroalgae whose CO2use did not increase consistently with concentration, declined in abundance. Physiological groupings provide a mechanistic understanding that will aid us in determining which species will benefit from ocean acidification and why.
Radiomics-based Prognosis Analysis for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yucheng , Oikonomou Anastasia , Wong Alexander , Haider Masoom A. , Khalvati Farzad
Published: April 2017

Radiomics characterizes tumor phenotypes by extracting large numbers of quantitative features from radiological images. Radiomic features have been shown to provide prognostic value in predicting clinical outcomes in several studies. However, several challenges including feature redundancy, unbalanced data, and small sample sizes have led to relatively low predictive accuracy. In this study, we explore different strategies for overcoming these challenges and improving predictive performance of radiomics-based prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CT images of 112 patients (mean age 75 years) with NSCLC who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy were used to predict recurrence, death, and recurrence-free survival using a comprehensive radiomics analysis. Different feature selection and predictive modeling techniques were used to determine the optimal configuration of prognosis analysis. To address feature redundancy, comprehensive analysis indicated that Random Forest models and Principal Component Analysis were optimum predictive modeling and feature selection methods, respectively, for achieving high prognosis performance. To address unbalanced data, Synthetic Minority Over-sampling technique was found to significantly increase predictive accuracy. A full analysis of variance showed that data endpoints, feature selection techniques, and classifiers were significant factors in affecting predictive accuracy, suggesting that these factors must be investigated when building radiomics-based predictive models for cancer prognosis.
Saturated fatty acids induce development of both metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis in rats
Authors: Sekar Sunderajhan , Shafie Siti Raihanah , Prasadam Indira , Crawford Ross , Panchal Sunil K. , Brown Lindsay , Xiao Yin
Published: April 2017

The predominant saturated fatty acids (SFA) in human diets are lauric acid (LA, C12:0), myristic acid (MA, C14:0), palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) and stearic acid (SA, C18:0). The aim of this study was to investigate whether diets containing individual SFA together with excess simple carbohydrates induce osteoarthritis (OA)-like changes in knee joints and signs of metabolic syndrome in rats. Rats were given either a corn starch diet or a diet composed of simple carbohydrates together with 20% LA, MA, PA, SA or beef tallow for 16 weeks. Rats fed beef tallow, SA, MA or PA diets developed signs of metabolic syndrome, and also exhibited cartilage degradation and subchondral bone changes similar to OA. In contrast, replacement of beef tallow with LA decreased signs of metabolic syndrome together with decreased cartilage degradation. Furthermore, PA and SA but not LA increased release of matrix sulphated proteoglycans in cultures of bovine cartilage explants or human chondrocytes. In conclusion, we have shown that longer-chain dietary SFA in rats induce both metabolic syndrome and OA-like knee changes. Thus, diets containing SFA are strongly relevant to the development or prevention of both OA and metabolic syndrome.
The ecdysis triggering hormone system is essential for successful moulting of a major hemimetabolous pest insect, Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Lenaerts Cynthia , Cools Dorien , Verdonck Rik , Verbakel Lina , Vanden Broeck Jozef , Marchal Elisabeth
Published: April 2017

Insects are enclosed in a rigid exoskeleton, providing protection from desiccation and mechanical injury. To allow growth, this armour needs to be replaced regularly in a process called moulting. Moulting entails the production of a new exoskeleton and shedding of the old one and is induced by a pulse in ecdysteroids, which activates a peptide-mediated signalling cascade. In Holometabola, ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) is the key factor in this cascade. Very little functional information is available in Hemimetabola, which display a different kind of development characterized by gradual changes. This paper reports on the identification of the ETH precursor and the pharmacological and functional characterisation of the ETH receptor in a hemimetabolous pest species, the desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria. Activation ofSchgrETHR bySchgrETH results in an increase of both Ca2+and cyclic AMP, suggesting thatSchgrETHR displays dual coupling properties in anin vitrocell-based assay. Using qRT-PCR, an in-depth profiling study ofSchgrETHandSchgrETHRtranscripts was performed. Silencing ofSchgrETHandSchgrETHRresulted in lethality at the expected time of ecdysis, thereby showing their crucial role in moulting.
Adenosine A2A receptor and ERK-driven impulsivity potentiates hippocampal neuroblast proliferation
Authors: Oliveros A , Cho C H , Cui A , Choi S , Lindberg D , Hinton D , Jang M-H , Choi D-S
Published: April 2017

Dampened adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) function has been implicated in addiction through enhancement of goal-directed behaviors. However, the contribution of the A2AR to the control of impulsive reward seeking remains unknown. Using mice that were exposed to differential reward of low rate (DRL) schedules during Pavlovian-conditioning, second-order schedule discrimination, and the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), we demonstrate that deficits of A2AR function promote impulsive responses. Antagonism of the A2AR lowered ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in the dorsal hippocampus (dHip) and potentiated impulsivity during Pavlovian-conditioning and the 5-CSRTT. Remarkably, inhibition of ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation by U0126 in the dHip prior to Pavlovian-conditioning exacerbated impulsive reward seeking. Moreover, we found decreased A2AR expression, and reduced ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in the dHip of equilibrative nucleoside transporter type 1 (ENT1–/–) null mice, which displayed exacerbated impulsivity. To determine whether impulsive response behavior is associated with hippocampal neuroblast development, we investigated expression of BrdU+ and doublecortin (DCX+) following 5-CSRTT testing. These studies revealed that impulsive behavior driven by inhibition of the A2AR is accompanied by increased neuroblast proliferation in the hippocampus.
Restoring effects of oxytocin on the attentional preference for faces in autism
Authors: Kanat M , Spenthof I , Riedel A , van Elst L T , Heinrichs M , Domes G
Published: April 2017

Reduced attentional preference for faces and symptoms of social anxiety are common in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The neuropeptide oxytocin triggers anxiolytic functions and enhances eye gaze, facial emotion recognition and neural correlates of face processing in ASD. Here we investigated whether a single dose of oxytocin increases attention to faces in ASD. As a secondary question, we explored the influence of social anxiety on these effects. We tested for oxytocin’s effects on attention to neutral faces as compared to houses in a sample of 29 autistic individuals and 30 control participants using a dot-probe paradigm with two different presentation times (100 or 500 ms). A single dose of 24 IU oxytocin was administered in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Under placebo, ASD individuals paid less attention to faces presented for 500 ms than did controls. Oxytocin administration increased the allocation of attention toward faces in ASD to a level observed in controls. Secondary analyses revealed that these oxytocin effects primarily occurred in ASD individuals with high levels of social anxiety who were characterized by attentional avoidance of faces under placebo. Our results confirm a positive influence of intranasal oxytocin on social attention processes in ASD. Further, they suggest that oxytocin may in particular restore the attentional preference for facial information in ASD individuals with high social anxiety. We conclude that oxytocin’s anxiolytic properties may partially account for its positive effects on socio-cognitive functioning in ASD, such as enhanced eye gaze and facial emotion recognition.
Short telomere length is associated with impaired cognitive performance in European ancestry cohorts
Authors: Hägg S , Zhan Y , Karlsson R , Gerritsen L , Ploner A , van der Lee S J , Broer L , Deelen J , Marioni R E , Wong A , Lundquist A , Zhu G , Hansell N K , Sillanpää E , Fedko I O , Amin N A , Beekman M , de Craen A J M , Degerman S , Harris S E , Kan K-J , Martin-Ruiz C M , Montgomery G W ,   NeuroCHARGE Cognitive Working Group, Adolfsson A N , Reynolds C A , Samani N J , Suchiman H E D , Viljanen A , von Zglinicki T , Wright M J , Hottenga J-J , Boomsma D I , Rantanen T , Kaprio J A , Nyholt D R , Martin N G , Nyberg L , Adolfsson R , Kuh D , Starr J M , Deary I J , Slagboom P E , van Duijn C M , Codd V , Pedersen N L ,   for the ENGAGE Consortium
Published: April 2017

The association between telomere length (TL) dynamics on cognitive performance over the life-course is not well understood. This study meta-analyses observational and causal associations between TL and six cognitive traits, with stratifications on APOE genotype, in a Mendelian Randomization (MR) framework. Twelve European cohorts (N=17 052; mean age=59.2±8.8 years) provided results for associations between qPCR-measured TL (T/S-ratio scale) and general cognitive function, mini-mental state exam (MMSE), processing speed by digit symbol substitution test (DSST), visuospatial functioning, memory and executive functioning (STROOP). In addition, a genetic risk score (GRS) for TL including seven known genetic variants for TL was calculated, and used in associations with cognitive traits as outcomes in all cohorts. Observational analyses showed that longer telomeres were associated with better scores on DSST (β=0.051 per s.d.-increase of TL; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.024, 0.077; P=0.0002), and MMSE (β=0.025; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.047; P=0.03), and faster STROOP (β=−0.053; 95% CI: −0.087, −0.018; P=0.003). Effects for DSST were stronger in APOE ɛ4 non-carriers (β=0.081; 95% CI: 0.045, 0.117; P=1.0 × 10−5), whereas carriers performed better in STROOP (β=−0.074; 95% CI: −0.140, −0.009; P=0.03). Causal associations were found for STROOP only (β=−0.598 per s.d.-increase of TL; 95% CI: −1.125, −0.072; P=0.026), with a larger effect in ɛ4-carriers (β=−0.699; 95% CI: −1.330, −0.069; P=0.03). Two-sample replication analyses using CHARGE summary statistics showed causal effects between TL and general cognitive function and DSST, but not with STROOP. In conclusion, we suggest causal effects from longer TL on better cognitive performance, where APOE ɛ4-carriers might be at differential risk.
Thermo-responsive microgels based on encapsulated carbon quantum dots
Authors: Campos Bruno B. , Mutavdžić Dragosav , Stanković Mira , Radotić Ksenija , Lázaro-Martínez Juan M. , Esteves da Silva Joaquim C. G. , Contreras-Cáceres Rafael , Pino-González M. Soledad , Rodriguez-Castellón Enrique , Algarra Manuel
Published: April 2017

In this work carbon quantum dots (CQDs) nanoparticles are synthesized from d-lactose using a hydrothermal method and then they are coated with polyethylene glycol (CQDs@PEG).
Biosynthesis of zinc sulfide quantum dots using waste off-gas from a metal bioremediation process
Authors: Murray Angela J. , Roussel Jimmy , Rolley John , Woodhall Frankie , Mikheenko Iryna P. , Johnson D. Barrie , Gomez-Bolivar Jaime , Merroun Mohamed L. , Macaskie Lynne E.
Published: April 2017

Waste H2S biogas from a mine-water remediation bioprocess is used to make zinc sulfide quantum dots which are identical to ZnS QDs made by chemical methods.
Biodegradable nanoparticles as siRNA carriers for in vivo gene silencing and pancreatic cancer therapy
Authors: Lin Guimiao , Chen Chih-Kuang , Yin Feng , Yang Chengbin , Tian Jinglin , Chen Ting , Xu Gaixia , He Chunxiao , Lin Marie Chia-Mi , Wang Jie , Lu Fei , Wang Xiaomei , Yong Ken-Tye
Published: April 2017

Biodegradable charged polyester-based vectors (BCPVs) were utilized for efficiently delivering mutatedK-Ras-targeting siRNA and successfully inhibiting tumor growth in a pancreatic xenograft modelin vivo.
Investigation of luminescent mechanism: N-rich carbon dots as luminescence centers in fluorescent hydroxyapatite prepared using a typical hydrothermal process
Authors: Jiang Dongli , Zhao Huan , Yang You , Zhu Yuda , Chen Xiaoqin , Sun Jing , Yu Kui , Fan Hongsong , Zhang Xingdong
Published: April 2017

N-Rich carbon dots (CDs) generated in the hydrothermal synthesis of HAp were trapped by growing HAp crystals to form fluorescent HAp materials.
Magnesium ion mobility in post-spinels accessible at ambient pressure
Authors: Hannah Daniel C. , Sai Gautam Gopalakrishnan , Canepa Pieremanuele , Rong Ziqin , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: April 2017

First-principles modeling of a new mixed V/Ti post-spinel phase reveals a possible route to ambient-pressure oxide cathodes exhibiting fast Mg diffusion.
CoNi2Se4as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Amin Bahareh Golrokh , Swesi Abdurazag T. , Masud Jahangir , Nath Manashi
Published: April 2017

Electrodeposited CoNi2Se4shows excellent electrocatalytic activity for OER and HER in alkaline medium with a low overpotential at 10 mA cm−2(160 mV for OER, and 210 mV for HER).
Nucleoside-linked shunt products in the reaction catalyzed by the class C radical S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase NosN
Authors: Ding Wei , Wu Yujie , Ji Xinjian , Qianzhu Haocheng , Chen Fener , Deng Zixin , Yu Yi , Zhang Qi
Published: April 2017

A series of nucleoside-linked shunt products have been identified in reactions catalyzed by NosN, a class C radicalS-adenosylmethionine (SAM) methyltransferase, providing strong evidence supporting that 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA) is a direct methyl donor in this reaction.
Rapid generation of HNO induced by visible light
Authors: Carrone G. , Pellegrino J. , Doctorovich F.
Published: April 2017

The first method for HNO controlled generation induced by visible light using a pH-dependent HNO donor activated by a Ru complex is reported.
Addressing uncertainty in atomistic machine learning
Authors: Peterson Andrew A. , Christensen Rune , Khorshidi Alireza
Published: April 2017

Machine-learning regression can precisely emulate the potential energy and forces of more expensive electronic-structure calculations, but to make useful predictions an assessment must be made of the prediction's credibility.
The shielding cone in spherical aromatic structures: insights from models for spherical 2(N + 1)2 aromatic fullerenes
Authors: Muñoz-Castro Alvaro
Published: April 2017

The shielding cone in spherical aromatic fullerenes is of long-range character and permits multiple orientations.
On exo-cyclic aromaticity
Authors: Goswami Tamal , Homray Manoswita , Paul Satadal , Bhattacharya Debojit , Misra Anirban
Published: April 2017

The C2B2F4molecule shows the tendency of attaining the aromatic ‘sextet’, through an ‘exo-cyclic’ conjugation.
Systems chemistry
Authors: Ashkenasy Gonen , Hermans Thomas M. , Otto Sijbren , Taylor Annette F.
Published: April 2017

A series of exciting phenomena that can occur in supramolecular systems away from equilibrium are reviewed.
Pharmacokinetics of table and Port red wine anthocyanins: a crossover trial in healthy men
Authors: Fernandes I. , Marques C. , Évora A. , Cruz L. , de Freitas V. , Calhau C. , Faria A. , Mateus N.
Published: April 2017

Red wine anthocyanins are absorbed in their intact forms and also as glucuronide metabolites.
Bifunctional Lewis and Brønsted acidic zeolites permit the continuous production of bio-renewable furanic ethers
Authors: Padovan D. , Al-Nayili A. , Hammond C.
Published: April 2017

Bifunctional Sn- and Al-containing BEA zeolites, prepared by solid state incorporation, allow furanic ethers to be produced continuously at high (>80%) levels of selectivity.
Simultaneous electrical recording of cardiac electrophysiology and contraction on chip
Authors: Qian Fang , Huang Chao , Lin Yi-Dong , Ivanovskaya Anna N. , O'Hara Thomas J. , Booth Ross H. , Creek Cameron J. , Enright Heather A. , Soscia David A. , Belle Anna M. , Liao Ronglih , Lightstone Felice C. , Kulp Kristen S. , Wheeler Elizabeth K.
Published: April 2017

We report a new heart-on-chip design capable of electrical stimulation, recording of growth, contraction and activating map from in vitro-cultured human cardiac tissues.
Asymmetric amination of 2-substituted indolin-3-ones catalyzed by natural cinchona alkaloids
Authors: Guo Jing , Lin Zi-Hui , Chen Kai-Bin , Xie Ying , Chan Albert S. C. , Weng Jiang , Lu Gui
Published: April 2017

The natural quinine-catalyzed enantioselective amination of 2-substituted indolin-3-ones with azodicarboxylates has been developed.
Highly efficient degradation of high-loaded phenol over Ru–Cu/Al2O3 catalyst at mild conditions
Authors: Hu Lihong , Liu Xianrong , Wang Qiangxin , Zhou Yanling
Published: April 2017

Ru–Cu/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared via co-impregnation method and used for catalytic wet oxidation of highly concentrated phenol under mild conditions.
Evaluation of serum phosphopeptides as potential biomarkers of gastric cancer
Authors: Zhai Guijin , Yang Liping , Luo Qun , Wu Kui , Zhao Yao , Liu Jianan , Xiong Shaoxiang , Wang Fuyi
Published: April 2017

A serum phosphopeptide (DpSGEGDFLAEGGGVR) was demonstrated to be a potential biomarker for gastric cancer diagnosis, particularly for early stage cases.
A high-performance bio-adhesive derived from soy protein isolate and condensed tannins
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Yi , Li Xiaona , Luo Jing , Gao Qiang , Li Jianzhang
Published: April 2017

We describe the formulation of an adhesive only from natural products: soy proteins and condensed tannins. The main achievement is a high crosslinking density, which was attributed to aminomethylene bridges and covalent interactions.
Experimental and theoretical studies on efficient carbon dioxide capture using novel bis(3-aminopropyl)amine (APA)-activated aqueous 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) solutions
Authors: Das Bisweswar , Deogam Binay , Mandal Bishnupada
Published: April 2017

The present study investigates the absorption of CO2, into novel bis(3-aminopropyl)amine (APA)-activated aqueous solutions of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), using a wetted-wall column absorber.
An ultrasensitive and label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor for detection of DNase I activity
Authors: Li Chen , Chen Xuejuan , Wang Nan , Zhang Bailin
Published: April 2017

An ultrasensitive and label-free DNA biosensor was developed to detect deoxyribonuclease I activity based on electrochemical method.
Improved porosity and ionic sorption capacity of carbon particles prepared by spray pyrolysis from an aqueous sucrose/NaHCO3/TEOS solution
Authors: Min Byeong Ho , Jung Kyeong Youl
Published: April 2017

Spherical carbon spheres with improved mesoporosity and ion sorption properties are synthesized by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process from an aqueous sucrose/NaHCO3/TEOS solution.
Effect of post-heat treatment on the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanowire membranes deposited on a Ti substrate
Authors: Chang Ying , Wu Chonggang , Wang Huihu , Xiong Yan , Chen Yuan , Ke Kai , He Yao , Dong Shijie
Published: April 2017

Titanium dioxide nanowire membranes have been synthesized by a hydrothermal growth on the surfaces of Ti substrates in a 12 M NaOH aqueous solution at 160 °C for 24 h, followed by ion-exchange with 0.5 M HCl aqueous solution and subsequent heat treatment.
Facile synthesis of AgNPs on reduced graphene oxide for highly sensitive simultaneous detection of heavy metal ions
Authors: Sang Shengbo , Li Dan , Zhang Hui , Sun Youyi , Jian Aoqun , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Wendong
Published: April 2017

Silver nanoparticles grown on reduced graphene oxide (AgNPs/RGO) were successfully synthesized via a facile in situ method.
A green, facile, and rapid method for microextraction and Raman detection of titanium dioxide nanoparticles from milk powder
Authors: Zhao B. , Cao X. , De La Torre-Roche R. , Tan C. , Yang T. , White J. C. , Xiao H. , Xing B. , He L.
Published: April 2017

A green, facile, and rapid method for microextraction and Raman detection of titanium dioxide nanoparticles from milk powder is reported.
Natural gas regeneration of carbonate melts following SO2 capture from non-ferrous smelter emissions
Authors: Dosmukhamedov Nurlan , Kaplan Valery , Zholdasbay Yerzhan , Wachtel Ellen , Lubomirsky Igor
Published: April 2017

Sulfur emission in the form of SO2 in flue gases is the one of the most serious atmospheric pollutants associated with coal combustion and non-ferrous metal production.
Non-equilibrium synthesis and characterization of n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 thermoelectric material prepared by rapid laser melting and solidification
Authors: Mao Yu , Yan Yonggao , Wu Keping , Xie Hongyao , Xiu Zekun , Yang Jihui , Zhang Qingjie , Uher Ctirad , Tang Xinfeng
Published: April 2017

N-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 material fabricated by non-equilibrium laser 3D printing exhibits comparable thermoelectric properties to that of the commercially available material.
Copper-containing porous carbon derived from MOF-199 for dibenzothiophene adsorption
Authors: Zhao Guihua , Fang Yaoyao , Dai Wei , Ma Na
Published: April 2017

A novel type of copper-containing porous carbon derived from MOF-199 has a good performance in adsorption desulfurization.
Two-dimensional SnS nanoflakes: synthesis and application to acetone and alcohol sensors
Authors: Afsar M. F. , Rafiq M. A. , Tok A. I. Y.
Published: April 2017

SnS nanoflakes were synthesized using a solid state reaction method at 600 °C and their gas sensing properties were investigated.
Protein adsorption and desorption behavior of a pH-responsive membrane based on ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer
Authors: Ye Hui , Huang Lilan , Li Wenrui , Zhang YuZhong , Zhao Lizhi , Xin Qingping , Wang Shaofei , Lin Ligang , Ding Xiaoli
Published: April 2017

The pH-responsive protein adsorption and desorption of a poly(DMAEMA)-grafted EVAL membrane was observed.
Membrane-less photoelectrochemical cells: product separation by hydrodynamic control
Authors: Holmes-Gentle Isaac , Hoffmann Franca , Mesa Camilo A. , Hellgardt Klaus
Published: April 2017

This novel photoelectrochemical reactor design, utilising hydrodynamic product separation, removes the conventionally required membrane and relaxes classical material constraints.
DFT investigation into the underperformance of sulfide materials in photovoltaic applications
Authors: Burton Lee A. , Kumagai Yu , Walsh Aron , Oba Fumiyasu
Published: April 2017

Sulfide photovoltaics typically under-perform with respect to their maximum possible efficiency compared to other materials. We investigate why.
Highly sulfur-tolerant Pd composite membranes with a protective layer of MoS2/γ-alumina
Authors: Chen Bingbing , Xu Tianying , Li Hui , Bao Feng , Yu Jiafeng , Li Xinzhong , Xu Hengyong
Published: April 2017

Sulfur-tolerant Pd-based composite membranes were produced by coating a thin layer of MoS2/γ-alumina on the membrane surface.
Broad range energy absorption enabled by hydrogenated TiO2 nanosheets: from optical to infrared and microwave
Authors: Tian Lihong , Xu Jilian , Just Michael , Green Michael , Liu Lei , Chen Xiaobo
Published: April 2017

Hydrogenated TiO2 nanosheets can broaden light absorption from UV to visible, IR and microwave regions.
Evidence-Based Multifactorial Assessment of Preschool-Age Children Who Stutter
Authors: Clark Chagit E. , Tumanova Victoria , Choi Dahye
Published: April 2017

This review summarizes extant findings supporting multifactorial models of stuttering within the context of preschool-age stuttering assessment. Evidence is given for a number of speech-language and associated factors/domains to consider when evaluating young children who stutter. Selected factors are presented in two parts: (1) Caregiver Interview and (2) Direct Child Assessment. Factors addressed during caregiver interviews include: gender, time since and age at stuttering onset, family history of stuttering, caregivers' perception/concerns about stuttering, and temperament. Factors addressed during direct child assessments include: stuttering behaviors, speech-associated attitudes/awareness, and speech rate, as well as speech sound and language development. Interactions/relations among factors are noted, showing their combined effects and contributions to childhood stuttering. Additionally, suggested clinical applications are provided wherever appropriate. Such evidence and practical applications bridge the gap between theory and clinical practice, thus advancing the abilities of speech-language pathologists to conduct well-informed, comprehensive stuttering evaluations.
Design of a sparse antenna array for radar‐based structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades
Authors: Arnold Philip , Moll Jochen , Krozer Viktor
Published: April 2017

The imaging performance of a sparse antenna array depends on the arrangement of the transmitting and receiving elements. In this study, the authors systematically extend the work presented by Caba and Boreman by a constraint optimisation of the Y‐shaped antenna arrangement. This will lead to an improved point‐spread function with reduced sidelobes. It was found that a 30% improvement of the imaging performance using backprojection techniques could be achieved compared with conventional array designs. The optimised sparse antenna array has been used in a simulation study to evaluate its performance for radar‐based structural health monitoring of wind turbine blades. Depending on the damage position, either close to the front or back side of the rotor blade, the localisation error has been quantified as a function of its generally unknown effective relative permittivity.
A morley finite element method for an elliptic distributed optimal control problem with pointwise state and control constraints
Authors: Brenner Susanne C. , Gudi Thirupathi , Porwal Kamana , Sung Li-yeng
Published: April 2017

We design and analyze a Morley finite element method for an elliptic distributed optimal control problem with pointwise state and control constraints on convex polygonal domains. It is based on the formulation of the optimal control problem as a fourth order variational inequality. Numerical results that illustrate the performance of the method are also presented.
An atomistic model of a disordered nanoporous solid: Interplay between Monte Carlo simulations and gas adsorption experiments
Authors: Canti Lorenzo , Fraccarollo Alberto , Gatti Giorgio , Errahali Mina , Marchese Leonardo , Cossi Maurizio
Published: April 2017

A combination of physisorption measurements and theoretical simulations was used to derive a plausible model for an amorphous nanoporous material, prepared by Friedel-Crafts alkylation of tetraphenylethene (TPM), leading to a crosslinked polymer of TPM connected by methylene bridges. The model was refined with a trial-and-error procedure, by comparing the experimental and simulated gas adsorption isotherms, which were analysed by QSDFT approach to obtain the details of the porous structure. The adsorption of both nitrogen at 77 K and CO2 at 273 K was considered, the latter to describe the narrowest pores with greater accuracy. The best model was selected in order to reproduce the pore size distribution of the real material over a wide range of pore diameters, from 5 to 80 Å. The model was then verified by simulating the adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide, obtaining a satisfactory agreement with the experimental uptakes. The resulting model can be fruitfully used to predict the adsorption isotherms of various gases, and the effect of chemical functionalizations or other post-synthesis treatments.