bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the impact of different dietary patterns and nutritional deficiencies on oral health and disease progression
Authors: Singh Jyotsna , Shivam Animesh Kr
Published: December 2024

Objective::

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various dietary patterns and nutritional deficiencies on oral health and the progression of oral diseases.

Materials and Methods::

A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 800 participants aged 18–65 years, recruited from urban and rural healthcare centers. Data were collected through questionnaires and clinical oral examinations. The participants were categorized into groups based on their dietary patterns (vegetarian, vegan, omnivorous, and high-sugar diets) and assessed for oral health indicators including caries, periodontal disease, and oral mucosal lesions. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and logistic regression models.

Results::

The study found significant differences in oral health status among different dietary groups. Participants following a high-sugar diet had the highest incidence of dental caries (P < 0.01), while vegetarians showed a lower prevalence of periodontal disease (P < 0.05). Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in Vitamins D and B12, were associated with increased oral mucosal lesions (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis confirmed that dietary patterns and nutritional deficiencies are significant predictors of oral disease progression (odds ratio = 1.75, 95% confidence interval = 1.25–2.45).

Conclusion::

Different dietary patterns and nutritional deficiencies have significant impacts on oral health and disease progression. These findings highlight the need for tailored dietary recommendations and nutritional interventions to improve oral health outcomes.
Hyperglycaemia after dolutegravir-based antiretroviral treatment in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A case series
Authors: Sagadevan Keerthana , Devi Pilla S. Surya Durga , Swaroopa Katikatala , Sreenivas P. Sathish , Rao R. Srinivasa
Published: December 2024

Antiretroviral therapy involves a combination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicines recommended for everyone who has HIV which helps them to live longer, and healthier, and reduces the risk of HIV transmission. Dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) is preferred as the first-line regimen. A recently significant number of DTG-induced hyperglycaemia cases are being reported to our adverse drug reaction monitoring centre. Here, we report on five of them from March 2022 to July 2022. All five patients who were living with HIV either started or switched to ART with a tenofovir, lamivudine and DTG (TLD) regimen based on the latest guidelines for HIV treatment by the National Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Control Organization (NACO). On routine checkups, the patients were found to have raised blood sugar levels; amongst them, some patients had symptoms of diabetes. All such patients were referred to the Medicine Outpatient Department, diagnosed to have type 2 diabetes mellitus and started on appropriate treatment. The TLD regimen was continued. This was categorised as per the World Health Organization (WHO) Causality Assessment Scale as “possible” category. These cases were reported to AMC and uploaded to VigiFlow. Whenever a patient has been started on a DTG-based ART regimen, the treating physician should counsel the patient about warning signs of hyperglycaemia, recommended to do periodic screening of blood sugar levels which helps in the early diagnosis and treatment of such cases.
A case of familial systemic sclerosis
Authors: Jha Shreeja , Khan Mohammed Fahad , Ravindra Aditi
Published: December 2024

We present the case of a 27-year-old male who was examined and found to have bilateral sensory axonal neuropathy, proximal muscle weakness and limb abnormality. Antibodies against ribonucleic acid polymerase and anti-Scl-70 were found during his serological examination. According to our patient, his mother and his maternal grandfather both had the same symptoms. He was a second-degree consanguineous child of a married couple. Six of the nine siblings of the mother and nine of the 11 siblings of the grandfather expressed similar symptoms. Given the strong family history, full exome sequencing carried out using the next-generation sequencing method showed an interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) IRF5 rs2004640 GT substitution. The case intends to draw attention to the genetic and familial basis of systemic sclerosis.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjunct for effective integration of dermal substitute with skin grafting in a single-staged procedure
Authors: Korambayil Pradeoth Mukundan , Varkey Prashanth Ambookan , Babu Edwina Mary , Dilliraj Vinoth Kumar
Published: December 2024

Dermal substitutes are crucial in soft-tissue reconstruction, minimising donor-site morbidity. However, conventional protocols often involve multi-staged procedures. This case series explores the effectiveness of integrating dermal substitutes with skin grafting in a one-stage process for soft-tissue coverage, supplemented by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. The study, conducted in the plastic surgery and burns department from June 2022 to December 2022, included 10 patients with soft-tissue defects. All underwent single-stage dermal substitute and skin grafting, accompanied by HBO therapy for soft-tissue reconstruction. Among the 10 patients, seven had soft-tissue defects in the leg region, comprising three with chronic ulcers, three with post-traumatic leg defects and one with a chronic ulcer due to peripheral vascular disease. Two patients had post-burn contracture release and reconstruction, while one presented with a soft-tissue defect following sternal wound dehiscence post-irradiation. All wounds healed successfully without complications, and all patients received six sessions of HBO therapy. The incorporation of HBO therapy as an adjunct proved beneficial in achieving successful single-stage reconstruction of soft-tissue defects using dermal substitutes and skin grafting.
Congenital sideroblastic anaemia
Authors: Velchuri Kavya Sree , Shetty Mallikarjuna , Prasad Adiraju Krishna , Pentakota Purna Surya Kiran
Published: December 2024

A 24-year-old male born out of a consanguineous marriage presented with a long-standing history of microcytic anaemia. He was treated elsewhere for the same with haematinics and packed red cell transfusions and had not shown improvement. Mild pallor and splenomegaly were noted on examination. After excluding other causes of microcytic anaemias bone marrow study was done. It revealed megaloblastoid erythropoiesis and ring sideroblasts. Genetic analysis showed a known homozygotic mutation in the solute carrier family 25 member 38 (SLC25A38) gene that causes autosomal recessive sideroblastic anaemia (SBA).
Persistent bifrontal rhinogenic contact headache
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Dubey Debasmita
Published: December 2024

Headache and facial pain may occur by the pressure of two opposing mucosal linings of the nasal cavity even in the absence of inflammatory disease. Anatomical variations such as deviated nasal septum (DNS), spur, concha bullosa, hypertrophied inferior turbinate, medialised middle turbinate and septal bullosa are important causes for contact headaches. DNS and spur are commonly found anatomical variations that result in rhinogenic contact headaches. However, S-shaped DNS causing persistent bifrontal headaches is rarely found in clinical practice. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy and computed tomography scans are important tools for the diagnosis of anatomical variations in the nasal cavity causing contact point headaches. Endoscopic resection of the contact point in the nasal cavity is the treatment of choice. We report the case of a 35-year-old woman presenting with a persisting bifrontal headache due to S-shaped DNS contacting with nasal mucosa. This unusual anatomical abnormality was treated by endoscopically assisted resection of the bilateral contact point and the patient was relieved from bifrontal headache.
Amalgamation of Ayurveda in Cancer Treatment in Horizon of Pranic Healing
Authors: Sagar Himani , Sabharwal Pooja
Published: December 2024

Ayurveda is not only restricted to the diseased but also for the healthy; which makes this wisdom stand out. Ayurveda remedy validates the physical and spiritual wellness of an existent. It provides a well-systematized system of traditional health care, both in preventative and restorative spheres–and this has won it wide acclaim. Ayurveda offers various methods to manage lifestyle disorders by following Dincharya, Ratricharya, Ritucharya, Panchakarma, or with the help of Rasayanas and through pranic healing. Pranic healing benefits to nullify obstruction in Chakras and creating positive energy in the body. Shadchakra healing procedure includes meditation or Mantra chanting can boost well-being and improve the quality of life in cancer. Recent scenario shows high statistics of lifestyle disorders which includes the deadliest cancer or Arbuda. WHO scripts cancer as the leading cause of death, as 1 out of 6 worldwide deaths is due to cancer. However, 30%–50% is preventable. This prevention can be achieved by early diagnosis, proper management, and above all, increasing the immunity to “fight back.” Variety of drugs mentioned by the ancient classics, which serve for inhibition of cancer-activating enzymes, stimulation of DNA repair mechanism, protective enzyme production, and enhancement of the immune system; therefore, helping to combat the ill-effects of modern cancer management. That is why it outscores conventional medicines when it comes to tackling a multi-dimensional disorder such as lifestyle diseases. Today, the entire health system is focused on the complex synergic effects of the constituents of herbs that help attack cancer without harming the normal cellular structure of the mortal.
Effectiveness of areca nut and products containing areca nut cessation interventions: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Mohandoss Anusa Arunachalam , Thavarajah Rooban
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Areca nut (AN) is the fourth commonly used psychoactive substance, some using it with tobacco (processed AN with tobacco [PANT]). AN–PANT predisposes to a myriad of health disorders. AN–PANT cessation strategies are modeled after tobacco cessation programs, and their efficacies are not evaluated critically. The present study aimed to assess the relative effectiveness of different AN–PANT cessation interventions using a nonparametric network meta-analysis (NMA). Material and Method: An NMA was conducted after registration with Prospero. A systematic search across PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases yielded 137 articles, with 29 duplicates removed. The study population, interventions, comparators, and outcomes framework guided selection criteria for ensuring a robust and relevant analysis. Result: In all, 11 interventions were evaluated across 9 studies involving 12,659 patients. The effect of cessation intervention, as an odds ratio with 95% credibility limits, ranged from 0.30 (0.022–4.01) for a type of behavioral intervention to 10.5 (0.62–229) for Escitalopram. The odds ratio of 95% credible interval of a few studies was only crossing 1. The risk of bias assessment demonstrated the extent of biases within the included trials, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the wholesome evidence as of the end of 2023. Discussion: The present study underscores the urgent need to re-evaluate the study designs employed in AN/PANT addiction-cessation trials. The present evidence-based insights provided by this NMA could serve as a foundation for designing future trials and guiding clinical decision-making and policy development.
An In-Vitro Comparison of Effects of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation with Various Concentrations of Peracetic Acid, Citric Acid, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid on Removal of Calcium Hydroxide from Root Canals
Authors: Pandurangan Manjula Srinivas , Anila Bandlapally Sreenivasa Guptha , Garlapati Roopadevi , Halder Niharika , Banu Mayana Aameena , Modala Lavanya
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Bacteria play a key role in pulp and periapical disease, making their complete removal essential in endodontic treatment. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) is commonly used as an intracanal medicament due to its antimicrobial properties, but its remnants can hinder sealer adhesion and affect treatment outcomes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 0.5% peracetic acid (PAA), 10% citric acid (CA), 1% PAA, 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), in removing Ca(OH)₂ from root canals. Materials and Method: Sixty teeth that had single roots were chosen and decoronated to set the length of the root at 12 mm. Canals were irrigated, followed by filling up with Ca(OH)₂ after biomechanical preparation. The samples were divided into seven groups: Group 1: Control (positive); Group 2: Control (negative); Group 3: 5 ml of 17% EDTA + PUI; Group 4: 5 ml of 3 % NaOCl+ PUI; Group 5: 5 ml of 0.5% PAA + PUI; Group 6: 5 ml of 1% PAA + PUI; Group 7: 10% CA + PUI. The radicular portions of teeth were split longitudinally, followed by examination beneath a stereomicroscope with a magnification of 50×. Results: The obtained data was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test to find out significant differences between the study groups. Pair-wise comparison for mean scores was done using the Mann–Whitney test. Friedman’s test was used for intra group differences between regions. Small amounts of Ca(OH)₂ residue were observed in the 1% PAA group compared to other irrigants in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: About 1% PAA with PUI was superior in removing Ca(OH)₂ from root canals compared to other irrigants used in the present study.
Potential of phosphatase and tensin gene polymorphisms as salivary biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Narang Bindiya R. , Deshmukh Revati S. , Palaskar Sangeeta J. , Bartake Anirudha , Patil Swati , Nitin Priyanka
Published: December 2024

Background:

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) is a tumour suppressor gene which is well known for its negative regulation on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, thereby controlling the cellular growth and proliferation in the process of carcinogenesis. In the present study, the frequency of the genotypes of the PTEN gene, (rs2943773, rs1234224, rs9651495, rs3827678, and rs11202600) has been observed in individuals with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR).

Methodology:

Saliva samples were collected from healthy individuals and individuals with OSCC. DNA extraction was done, followed by PCR using fluidigmn technique to observe the frequency of the genotypes.

Results:

Variation was observed in the distribution of frequencies of the alleles (rs9651495 and rs1234224) of the PTEN gene between the healthy individual and those with occurrence of OSCC. The other genotypes did not show any statistically significant difference in the distribution between the study group and the control group, nor any association was observed with OSCC.

Conclusion:

The variation in the frequency of rs9651495 and rs1234224 of the PTEN gene suggests an association between the “PTEN” gene and “OSCC” and hence its use in the panel of diagnostic markers. This also opens the field for future research in the therapeutic applications of the PTEN gene.
Pleomorphic adenoma with extensive squamous metaplasia and keratinizing cysts: Diagnostic and clinical pitfalls – A report of two cases and review of literature
Authors: Hosur Mahadevi B. , Puranik Rudrayya S. , Dandagi Satyajit G. , Patil Vivekanand M.
Published: December 2024

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumour of major or minor salivary glands. Histological diversity is the hallmark of pleomorphic adenoma. Extensive squamous metaplasia with keratin-filled cysts is rarely reported. Here we present two cases of pleomorphic adenoma with exuberant squamous metaplasia and keratin filled cysts formation in a minor salivary gland and discuss its potential diagnostic pitfalls.
Spindle cell variant of ameloblastic carcinoma: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Kamat Mamata S. , Datar Uma V. , Byakodi Sanjay S. , Basannavar Amit A.
Published: December 2024

An 18-year-old male presented with a 3-week history of progressively enlarging nodular growth in the posterior right mandibular region. The patient denied the use of tobacco in any form or history of trauma, and his family history was unremarkable. Clinical examination revealed a 2 × 3 cm reddish-pink, firm lesion with palpable submandibular lymph nodes. Radiological imaging showed a well-defined radiolucency distal to tooth #47. An incisional biopsy revealed the proliferation of spindle cells and ameloblastomatous epithelium showing features like pleomorphism, cellular crowding, and mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed odontogenic origin. Based on the above findings, the diagnosis of the spindle cell variant of ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) was rendered. AC, constituting less than 2% of odontogenic tumours, and the spindle cell variant, a rare subtype with fewer than 15 reported cases, pose diagnostic challenges, necessitating careful histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Osteochondroma of the anterior mandible: A rare case report and review of the literature
Authors: Palve Devendra H. , Dhobley Akshay A. , Ghatage Dipak D. , Kendre Ashwini G.
Published: December 2024

Osteochondroma (OC) is the most common benign tumour of the axial skeleton which often occurs from the metaphysis of the long bones but rarely occurs in the craniofacial region (<1% of cases). Literature shows that cases occur more in the mandibular condylar region. To date, only six cases of this incredibly rare OC in the mandibular front region have been documented in the last 30 years. In addition to reviewing the literature on OCs of the mandibular front region, this case report describes a case of OC involving the mandibular symphysis and left para-symphysis in a 67-year-old male patient. Histopathological examination revealed chondroid and osteoid tissue with sparse fibrous tissue patches and columns of chondrocytes with single tiny nuclei within the cartilaginous cap, and all these features were strongly suggestive of OC diagnosis.
A comprehensive analysis of odontogenic tumors according to recent WHO (2022) classification: An institution-based retrospective study
Authors: Asnani Piyush , Ali Shireen , Odedra Sima , Pillai Jayasankar , Jayasheel Namrata , Jadeja Ranjit
Published: December 2024

Background:

Odontogenic tumors constitute a rare group of lesions with diverse characteristics originating from tooth-forming tissues, primarily within the maxillofacial region. Variations in incidence across populations in India and with changes incorporated in successive World Health Organization (WHO) classifications, necessitate continued research to understand their epidemiology.

Objective:

This retrospective study aims to provide an extensive analysis of Odontogenic tumors reported in a dental institute in Gujarat, India, using the 5th edition of the WHO classification. The study also seeks to compare the findings with data from other regions.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on archived histopathological records from the Oral Pathology department of our institute, spanning from 1966 to 2023. This analysis focused on demographic details, tumor types, and their distribution. The data were reclassified according to the WHO 5th edition and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis.

Results:

Among 10,907 biopsies, 501 cases (4.6%) were diagnosed as Odontogenic tumors, with 97.6% being benign. Benign epithelial tumors, predominantly Ameloblastoma (68.9%) was most common. Supporting their rare occurrence malignant cases included Ameloblastic carcinoma (2.2%) and Clear Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma (0.2%). An overall male predominance (51.7%) was noted, with female dominance in Adenomatoid Odontogenic tumor (60%), Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma (62.5%), Odontogenic fibroma (91%), and Odontogenic Myxoma (66.7%). Most cases occurred in the third decade (27.1%), with a notable mandibular predominance (78%).

Conclusion:

The findings contribute to the understanding of Odontogenic tumors epidemiology, emphasizing the importance of further regional studies and adapting to evolving classifications for accurate assessments and cross-population comparisons.
Construction of a potentially functional long noncoding RNA-microRNA-mRNA network in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cao Qiwen , Dong Zhihui , Xi Yangbo , Zhong Jiana , Huang Jianzhong , Yang Qunfeng
Published: December 2024

Background:

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe complication among patients with Type 2 diabetes, significantly increasing heart failure risk and mortality. Despite various implicated mechanisms, effective DCM treatments remain elusive. This study aimed to construct a comprehensive competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in DCM using bioinformatics analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Three expression profiles datasets (GSE161827, GSE161931, and GSE241166) were collected from gene expression omnibus database and then integrated for the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway analysis, and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were employed for functional analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and hub genes were also identified. The ceRNA regulatory networks were constructed based on interaction between long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and DEGs, microRNA (miRNA) and DEGs, as predicted by public available databases.

Results:

A total of 105 DEGs, including 44 upregulated and 61 downregulated genes were identified to be associated with DCM. Functional enrichment analysis showed that fatty acid metabolism pathway and inflammatory responses were significantly enriched in DCM. A total of 56 interactions between miRNA with DEGs, and 27 interactions between lncRNA with miRNA was predicted. Besides, a ceRNA network includes 9 mRNA, 17 miRNA and 10 lncRNA was constructed, among which Cdh20 and Cacna2d2 were hub genes in PPI network.

Conclusion:

The identified hub genes and ceRNA network components provide valuable insights into DCM biology and offer potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further investigation. Further experimental validation and clinical studies are warranted to translate these findings into clinical applications.
Association of Hypertension and Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Rural Tertiary Care Setting
Authors: Boppana Sri Harsha , Patel Darshak K. , Shaik Afsana Ansari , Pradeep Arun Gajan , Chitturi Raja Hamsa , Chaitanya P. Siva , Kutikuppala L. V. Simhachalam , Gopu Anthony Reddy , Mamidi Shanteja Reddy , Chintala Jyothi Swaroop , Venkata Kalyani Ponnaganti Sai
Published: December 2024

Background:

Hypertension is a substantial health problem associated with several health disorders. In our lookup considering the age group of 45–65, with a significant male predominance, hypertension has been found to be a cause for hearing loss. We observed the upward jab of hearing threshold, particularly at higher frequencies, increased risk with Grade 3 hypertension compared to grade 2 and grade 1 hypertension.

Materials and Methods:

Two hundred cases and 200 controls, each gender, aged 45–64, have been covered in the study after sample estimate. Blood pressure measurements have been used to verify hypertension, or no hypertension, primarily based on the results. Pure tone audiometry was performed at numerous frequencies ranging from 250 to 8000 Hz. to test hearing.

Results:

There is a connection between excessive blood pressure and an increase in the hearing threshold. Hearing loss in the lookup populace exhibits that hypertension is an accelerated component in hearing apparatus deterioration associated with age.

Conclusion:

In this study, the affiliation between accelerated hearing threshold and hypertension was discovered, offering heart specialists, urologists, audiologists, ENT specialists and different health specialists to collaborate on hypertension related changes.
Recurrent encapsulation after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in a patient with Schwartz–Matsuo syndrome
Authors: Viana Ana Rita , Bastos Ricardo , Vale Carolina , Tenedório Paula
Published: December 2024

Glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs) are an important tool for the treatment of complicated/refractory glaucoma cases. Excessive capsular fibrosis is a frequent cause of long-term failure of Ahmed® glaucoma valve (AGV) that is difficult to manage and often requires additional surgical interventions. We describe a severe case of recurrent encapsulation and restrictive strabismus following AGV implantation in a young man with Schwartz–Matsuo syndrome. The patient underwent a first surgical revision that consisted of the excision of the fibrous capsule. However, a second intervention was soon needed, in which the fibrous capsule and the AGV were removed, and an Ahmed ClearPath® was implanted in the nasal-inferior quadrant. The ocular movements were successfully restored and the intraocular pressure was well controlled. GDDs can fail due to excessive wound healing and fibrosis around the plate. Severe cases occur more often in young patients. Ahmed ClearPath® can be a good option for eyes more prone to complications.
Anesthesia for an Emergency Cesarean Section on a Patient with an Anterior Mediastinal Mass
Authors: Fernandez Maxine Angela Felix , Sy Su Karl Matthew C.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

A rare comorbidity seen in pregnant patients would be the presence of an anterior mediastinal mass. Anesthetic management of such cases in a non-thoracocardiovascular surgery would be potentially difficult since multiple factors must be taken into consideration – preoperative evaluation and imaging, anesthetic plan, and patient positioning. This case report talks about the anesthetic management of an obstetric patient with an anterior mediastinal mass, presenting with orthopnea and dyspnea, who is to undergo an emergency cesarean section.
Cervicofacial Necrotizing Fasciitis in Children: Analysis of 17 Cases Seen and Managed in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Bala Mujtaba , Taiwo Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju , Alani Yekini Lateef , Fawa Abubakar Sadeeq , Ugochukwu Ndubuizu Godwin , Tsafe Anas Bawa , Yabo Sufiyanu Umar , Kaura Abubakar Mohammad , Hassan Fahad Yahaya
Published: December 2024

Background:

Cervico-facial necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) in children is a relatively rare fatal bacterial infection characterized by rapid progressive necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous tissues, fascia, and muscles of the cervical and facial region. This study aimed to present the pattern of clinical presentation and management of CNF in children.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted over 6 months period. Details about case history, examination, management, and outcomes were recorded in the pre-designed proforma. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:

Case notes of 17 children were analyzed (70.6% males) with a mean (standard deviation) age of 3.94 (3.31) years (age range, 1–10 years). A surge in cases (n = 6, 35.29%) was observed in May. Only 1 (5.9%) patient presented with a history of peritonsillar abscess, while no patient presented with a history of toothache. The majority of the patients (n = 11, 64.7%) had hemoglobin levels of >10 g/dL. Only 2 (11.8%) had deranged serum total protein and albumin. No patient was positive for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis. Electrolytes derangement was seen in 11 (64.7%) patients. The record of pus culture and sensitivity was not available in 9 (52.9%) cases. Where the records were available, no growth was seen in 6 (35.3%) cases. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 2 (11.8%) cases. All patients received antibiotics and supportive care and improved.

Conclusion:

Pediatric CNF is not common and is usually nonodontogenic in origin. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment provide prompt resolution with a favorable prognosis.
Transport of Neonates in a Resource-poor Setting: A Cross-sectional Study of Clinicodemographic Profile and Outcomes
Authors: Lall Parthasarathy
Published: December 2024

Background:

The transfer of neonates by various means and support systems plays a critical role in affecting mortality and morbidity. Neonatal transport is the weak unaddressed link contributing to mortality and morbidity of neonates. In this study, we tried to find out the profile and outcome of neonates transported to our center for further care.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2021 in the neonatal intensive care unit of a private hospital in Western Odisha. The doctors and nursing officers were trained in using the S—sensorium, T—temperature, O—oxygenation, P—perfusion, and S—sugar (STOPS) tool. These findings were recorded in a predetermined Performa along with details of transport and logistics.

Results:

A total of 151 neonates (male = 100) were included during the study period. Around 50% travelled <5 km, and 21% traveled >50 km. Ambulance was used in 71% of cases, and the rest traveled by private vehicles. In >76% of cases, only relatives accompanied the neonates. In 30% of cases, telephonic information was received from the referring hospital, and 39% of cases were transported without oxygen. Around 28% of cases were brought with intravenous fluids and only 3% of cases with transport incubators. It was observed that immediate morbidity, assessed as deranged physiological status (STOPS) was affected by the logistics of transport.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the difficulties and drawbacks faced in our setup in transporting a sick neonate to higher centers for further care, which is their only hope for survival. A properly organized specialized neonatal transport service covering all logistics is an absolute necessity if we are to bring down the high neonatal mortality rate in Odisha.
Vancomycin-Associated Hemolytic Anemia in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Aljerwan Mohammed Z. , Alnajdi Sulaiman Y. , Alhabeeb Yasser M. , Alkhulaifi Lama K. , Alhunini Kayan B. , AL-Anzi Muteb S. , Alharby Taraq N. , Al-Amri Abdulwahab A. , Alsowaida Yazed S.
Published: December 2024

Vancomycin is associated with a rare hematologic adverse drug reaction (ADR) and immune hemolytic anemia, which has an incidence rate of 1 in 1000,000. Here, we report a case of vancomycin-associated hemolytic anemia in a pediatric patient. A 12-year-old male with morbid obesity (body mass index of 38.81 kg/m2) was initially diagnosed with osteomyelitis and empirically started on vancomycin. After 3 days of therapy, hemoglobin dropped from 11.5 to 6.5 g/dL, which is more likely associated with hemolytic anemia. We used the Naranjo ADR Probability Scale as an objective measure of our assessment. Vancomycin was discontinued, and then it was shifted to clindamycin guided by culture and blood transfusions to address the severe hemolytic anemia. In this case report, an obese pediatric patient experienced adverse effects due to using vancomycin, resulting in immune hemolytic anemia. The suspected drug, vancomycin, should be discontinued in such cases to prevent further complications and ensure the safety of the pediatric population. The case report highlights the importance of monitoring the drug effects and considering unique factors that may contribute to adverse reactions in morbidly obese pediatrics.
Saudi population preferences for type of bone substitutes a cross-sectional study, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nadershah Mohammed M. , Alsahafi Yaser A. , Alyahyawi Raghad A. , Alzahrani Bashayer M. , Al-Hufayyan Ghydaa Sultan , Alshehri Maan A. , Aljurbua Omymah F. , Abdelaal Ammar E.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The benefits of using bone grafts have been known for half a century. Bone grafting is defined as a surgical procedure that involves the transplantation of bone to repair a deficit or missing bone tissue. These bone substitutes can be classified into several main categories depending on their source.

Aims:

The purpose of this research is to inspect the Saudi population’s preferences and opinions regarding different types of bone graft materials.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey based on a structured questionnaire in the Arabic language includes demographic data such as age, gender, and educational level, along with other close-ended questions to record participants’ responses regarding the acceptance and refusal of various types of bone substitutes. The targeted population is the Saudi community. In addition, a total of 2791 Saudi individuals participated in this study.

Results and Discussion:

The overall acceptance of undergoing bone graft procedure is 94%. Furthermore, the acceptance ratio for autografts, xenografts, allografts, and alloplasts was: 78%, 74%, 51%, and 46%, respectively. The xenograft (54%) had the highest rate of refusal, followed by allografts (49%), alloplast (26%), and intraoral autograft (22%) being the least refused bone graft.

Conclusion:

The xenograft (54%) had the highest rate of refusal, followed by allografts (49%), alloplast (26%), and intraoral autograft (22%) being the least refused bone graft. Furthermore, gender, age, and educational level could not be statistically studied due to the female, high educational level, and 18–35 age group predominance in this study.
Oral health status and treatment needs of military populations in Garoua, Cameroon
Authors: Agbor Ashu Michael , Singh Karpal , Welyang Clement , Clement Tchweguem , Ebot Etta Barnarbas , Tetmoun Anderson
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Apart from training and combat injuries, dental emergencies can affect the efficiency of military personnel in the field. This is one of the reasons why the oral status of soldiers must be evaluated before deploying them.

Aims:

The objective of our study was to assess the oral health status of Cameroonian soldiers assigned to the third joint military region at Garoua.

Methodology:

We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study between January 2022 and July 2022. Data on the sociodemographic profile, oral hygiene practices, dietary habits, and perceived oral care needs were collected using a questionnaire. Clinical examination was carried out to elucidate oral pathologies, and a logistical regression was performed to determine factors associated with oral disease with a P value set at < 0.05.

Results:

We recruited 288 military personnel aged 23 years, predominantly males; the mean duration of service with the military was 13.5 ± 12.5 s.d years and 182 (63.2%) had been to the war front. The majority 251 (87.2%) had visible plaque, 252 (87.5%) had calculus, and 6 (2.1%) had gum recession. The mean DMFT index was 0.80 and 4 (1.4%) had dental coronary fracture. The prevalence of dental caries was 44.4%, 87.2% had periodontal diseases with 85.77% gingivitis and 2.08% periodontitis. Two-thirds 193 (64.7%) of dental diseases were found among servicemen with secondary education. There was a statistically significant relationship between level of education and oral health status (*P = 0.05), between the oral condition and the consumption of sugary food (*P = 0.008), between oral condition and grade (*P = 0.03), between oral health practice and sugary food consumption (*P = 0.022), and between oral health and chewing gum consumption (*P = 0.029. Half (52.8%) needed dental restorations, 87.8% periodontal treatment, 246 (85.4%) scaling, and 6 (2.1%) deep scaling.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases was high, and three-quarters of servicemen were classified under grade 2 dental readiness.
Evaluation of efficiency of artificial intelligence-based orthodontic treatment planning: A cross-sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Algethami Abdulrahman Mohammed , Pamayya Raghu Devanna , Althomali Yousef Mohammed , Alzahrani Abdulrahman Hassan , Fahmi Mohammed Khalil , Holenarasipur Amith Vasanthakumar , Kariri Ahmad Hatem , Alghoraibi Muwffak Ghazi , Alzahrani Matar Abdulrahman , Alzahrani Muaath Hussain
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Artificial intelligence (AI) in orthodontics has shown a promise in improving diagnosis and treatment planning processes. This study examines how well AI works for orthodontic treatment planning and how dentists perceive it. An international validated questionnaire survey was distributed to dental professionals.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of AI in orthodontic treatment planning and its acceptance by dental practitioners.

Materials and Methods:

a cross-sectional survey was done on orthodontic practitioners, residents, and interested undergraduate students from the Orthodontic Division, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was used to collect data bout the participants’ use of AI in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Results and Discussion:

The survey showed that 92% of dental professionals were generally aware of AI and its use in orthodontics. In addition to noting AI’s potential for precise data, 84% of the participants stressed the value of human expertise in thorough orthodontic analyses. Furthermore, most of the respondents (80%) thought that AI could not completely replace orthodontists.

Conclusion:

AI is a useful diagnostic tool that improves dental professionals’ knowledge in the planning of orthodontic treatments. It is not, however, a replacement for the expertise of experienced specialists in providing precise diagnoses and treatment plans. More research is needed to maximize AI applications and ensure their smooth integration into orthodontic practices.
Epsilon Iron Oxide (ε-Fe2O3) as an Electromagnetic Functional Material: Properties, Synthesis, and Applications
Authors: Jeong Ji Hyeong , Kim Hwan Hee , Lee Jung-Goo , Baek Youn-Kyoung
Published: December 2024

Iron oxide (ε-Fe₂O₃) is emerging as a promising electromagnetic material due to its unique magnetic and electronic properties. This review focuses on the intrinsic properties of ε-Fe₂O₃, particularly its high coercivity, comparable to that of rare-earth magnets, which is attributed to its significant magnetic anisotropy. These properties render it highly suitable for applications in millimeter wave absorption and high-density magnetic storage media. Furthermore, its semiconducting behavior offers potential applications in photocatalytic hydrogen production. The review also explores various synthesis methods for fabricating ε-Fe₂O₃ as nanoparticles or thin films, emphasizing the optimization of purity and stability. By exploring and harnessing the properties of ε-Fe₂O₃, this study aims to contribute to the advancement of next-generation electromagnetic materials with potential applications in 6G wireless telecommunications, spintronics, high-density data storage, and energy technologies.
Design of Conductive Inks Containing Carbon Black and Silver Nanowires for Patternable Screen-Printing on Fabrics
Authors: Kim Seokhwan , Lee Geumseong , Park Jinwoo , Shin Dahye , Park Ki-Il , Jung Kyoung Jin , Min Yuho
Published: December 2024

This study developed conductive inks composed of carbon black (CB) and silver nanowires (Ag NWs) for cost-effective screen-printing on fabrics. The Ag NW density within the CB matrix was precisely controlled, achieving tunable electrical conductivity with minimal Ag NW usage. The resulting inks were successfully patterned into shapes such as square grids and circles on textile surfaces, demonstrating excellent conductivity and fidelity. Adding 19.9 wt% Ag NWs reduced sheet resistance by ~92% compared to CB-only inks, highlighting the effectiveness and potential of this hybrid approach for cost-effective, high-performance textile-based electronics. The one-dimensional morphology of Ag NWs facilitated the formation of conductive percolation networks, creating efficient electron pathways within the CB matrix even at low loadings. This work advances the field of CB-based conductive inks and provides a scalable and practical method for producing functional, patterned electronic textiles.
Development of Highly Transparent and Thermo-Shielding Flexible Film via Colloidal ITO Nanocrystals
Authors: Bae Hyoin , Jung Hyeyeon , Lee Juna , Shin Dahye , Heo Sungyeon
Published: December 2024

Infrared radiation accounts for approximately 50% of the solar spectrum. Specifically, the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, ranging from 760 nm to 2500 nm, is primarily responsible for solar heat gain, increasing indoor temperatures and reducing heating and cooling efficiency. To address this issue, we developed a highly transparent thermo-shielding flexible film that maintains a high transmittance of the visible region (T = 80%) while reducing the transmittance of the NIR region (T ≈ 0%). NIR-absorbing indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocrystals were coated onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films, and both films were sandwiched to improve the NIR absorption properties and protect the nanocrystal film layer. The fabricated films were applied to a model house and decreased the indoor temperature by approximately 8°C. Our study demonstrates that energy consumption can be reduced by ITO nanocrystal-coated flexible films, with potential implications for the smart window and mobility markets.
Effect of Toileting Behavior on Daytime Non-sedentary Behavior in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Nakano Yuri , Kubota Satoshi , Furudate Takuya
Published: December 2024

Background: Nursing home residents engage in lower levels of physical activity, primarily remaining seated or lying down, except for routine activities of daily living (ADLs). Since ADLs, particularly toileting, require effort. This study investigated the relationship between physical activity and toileting activity during the daytime among older nursing home residents.Methods: The study involved 30 participants, including a group of healthy community-dwelling older individuals and two groups of nursing home residents with independent and non-independent toileting behavior, respectively. The physical activity of participants was measured with an accelerometer, and estimated metabolic equivalents, duration, and amount of physical activity were calculated.Results: The amount of physical activity associated with toileting was significantly higher in the independent and non-independent groups than in the community group. Moreover, the amount of non-sedentary physical activity associated with toileting positively affected the amount of non-sedentary physical activity during the daytime. These findings suggest that toileting activity can contribute significantly to the physical activity of older nursing home residents.Conclusion: Interventions focusing on improving toileting behavior among nursing home residents may positively impact overall physical activity and functional abilities.
2023–2024 Reviewers
Authors: Sandu Corina
Published: December 2024

2023–2024 Reviewers
Birefringence studies in ferroelectric liquid crystal doped with titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Budaszewski Daniel
Published: December 2024

The following research work determines experimentally the birefringence of the ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) W212 doped with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) of low concentration in the FLC matrix. For this reason, the method based on transmittance measurements through the investigated sample in the polariscope setup is applied. Optical microscopy observations indicated good alignment quality of the FLC-NP mixtures in planar glass cells. The birefringence measurements clearly indicate that TiO2 NPs reduce the birefringence of the W212 FLC for wavelengths in the measured range between 500 nm and 700 nm. The results can be valuable especially in the context of modelling and designing a new class of FLC-based optical elements both in planar cells and photonic liquid crystal fibers.
Feasibility of Average Photon Energy (APE) in performance evaluation of PV modules equipped with IR reflecting filter
Authors: Fetliński Bartosz , Kieliszczyk Marcin , Janaszek Bartosz
Published: December 2024

In this work, we investigate the feasibility of the APE (Average Photon Energy) parameter as a qualitative representation of solar spectra in modeling the performance of PV modules equipped with a filter capable of reflecting parasitic IR irradiance. We evaluate APEs' relation with parasitical absorption of solar irradiance in the structure of PV modules (glass, lamination foil, back sheet), as well as its relation to the calculated temperature of PV modules operating in standard conditions. In our analysis, we employ real-world data of spectral irradiance. Full Text: PDF References

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Opieka nad noworodkami w starożytności w świetle Ginekologii Soranosa z Efezu
Authors: Matysiak Sylwia
Published: December 2024

The goal of this article is to answer the question as to what infant care might have looked like in Greco‑Roman antiquity. To obtain an answer, we analyze Soranus of Ephesus’s Gynecology – a source from the second century AD, which serves as a compendium of knowledge on ancient obstetrics. In the article, I consider the recommendations made by the physician regarding infant care and who might have been responsible for carrying these out. I also consider whether the belief that ancient people did not form strong attachments to their children due to high infant mortality rates is justified.