bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transboundary Impacts on Regional Ground Water Modeling in Texas
Authors: Rainwater Ken , Stovall Jeff , Frailey Scott , Urban Lloyd
Published: September 2005

Recent legislation required regional grassroots water resources planning across the entire state of Texas. The Texas Water Development Board (TWDB), the state's primary water resource planning agency, divided the state into 16 planning regions. Each planning group developed plans to manage both ground water and surface water sources and to meet future demands of various combinations of domestic, agricultural, municipal, and industrial water consumers. This presentation describes the challenges in developing a ground water model for the Llano Estacado Regional Water Planning Group (LERWPG), whose region includes 21 counties in the Southern High Plains of Texas. While surface water is supplied to several cities in this region, the vast majority of the regional water use comes from the High Plains aquifer system, often locally referred to as the Ogallala Aquifer. Over 95% of the ground water demand is for irrigated agriculture. The LERWPG had to predict the impact of future TWDB‐projected water demands, as provided by the TWDB, on the aquifer for the period 2000 to 2050. If detrimental impacts were noted, alternative management strategies must be proposed. While much effort was spent on evaluating the current status of the ground water reserves, an appropriate numerical model of the aquifer system was necessary to demonstrate future impacts of the predicted withdrawals as well as the effects of the alternative strategies. The modeling effort was completed in the summer of 2000. This presentation concentrates on the political, scientific, and nontechnical issues in this planning process that complicated the modeling effort. Uncertainties in data, most significantly in distribution and intensity of recharge and withdrawals, significantly impacted the calibration and predictive modeling efforts. Four predictive scenarios, including baseline projections, recurrence of the drought of record, precipitation enhancement, and reduced irrigation demand, were simulated to identify counties at risk of low final ground water storage volume or low levels of satisfied demand by 2050.
International Borders, Ground Water Flow, and Hydroschizophrenia
Authors: Jarvis Todd , Giordano Mark , Puri Shammy , Matsumoto Kyoko , Wolf Aaron
Published: September 2005

A substantial body of research has been conducted on transboundary water, transboundary water law, and the mitigation of transboundary water conflict. However, most of this work has focused primarily on surface water supplies. While it is well understood that aquifers cross international boundaries and that the base flow of international river systems is often derived in part from ground water, transboundary ground water and surface water systems are usually managed under different regimes, resulting in what has been described as “hydroschizophrenia.” Adding to the problem, the hydrologic relationships between surface and ground water supplies are only known at a reconnaissance level in even the most studied international basins, and thus even basic questions regarding the territorial sovereignty of ground water resources often remain unaddressed or even unasked. Despite the tensions inherent in the international setting, riparian nations have shown tremendous creativity in approaching regional development, often through preventive diplomacy, and the creation of “baskets of benefits,” which allow for positive‐sum, integrative allocations of joint gains. In contrast to the notion of imminent water wars, the history of hydropolitical relations worldwide has been overwhelmingly cooperative. Limited ground water management in the international arena, coupled with the fact that few states or countries regulate the use of ground water, begs the question: will international borders serve as boundaries for increased “flows” of hydrologic information and communication to maintain strategic aquifers, or will increased competition for shared ground water resources lead to the potential loss of strategic aquifers and “no flows” for both ground water users?
Economics of Transboundary Aquifer Management
Authors: Chermak Janie M. , Patrick Robert H. , Brookshire David S.
Published: September 2005

This paper presents a general model of optimal water management for a transboundary aquifer under three different management approaches: cooperative, noncooperative, and myopic. Comparing the results from the approaches, we find the cooperative solution, where a single management plan is executed for all parts of the aquifer, results in the highest level of net social welfare, followed by the noncooperative and then the myopic. The trade‐offs we find for the higher levels of welfare are lower use levels in the earlier periods. We present a short discussion of factors that can increase the inefficiencies of the models and suggest directions for future research.
Revisiting a Classification Scheme for U.S.‐Mexico Alluvial Basin‐Fill Aquifers
Authors: Hibbs Barry J. , Darling Bruce K.
Published: September 2005

Intermontane basins in the Trans‐Pecos region of westernmost Texas and northern Chihuahua, Mexico, are target areas for disposal of interstate municipal sludge and have been identified as possible disposal sites for low‐level radioactive waste. Understanding ground water movement within and between these basins is needed to assess potential contaminant fate and movement. Four associated basin aquifers are evaluated and classified; the Red Light Draw Aquifer, the Northwest Eagle Flat Aquifer, the Southeast Eagle Flat Aquifer, and the El Cuervo Aquifer. Encompassed on all but one side by mountains and local divides, the Red Light Draw Aquifer has the Rio Grande as an outlet for both surface drainage and ground water discharge. The river juxtaposed against its southern edge, the basin is classified as a topographically open, through‐flowing basin. The Northwest Eagle Flat Aquifer is classified as a topographically closed and drained basin because surface drainage is to the interior of the basin and ground water discharge occurs by interbasin ground water flow. Mountains and ground water divides encompass this basin aquifer on all sides; yet, depth to ground water in the interior of the basin is commonly >500 feet. Negligible ground water discharge within the basin indicates that ground water discharges from the basin by vertical flow and underflow to a surrounding basin or basins. The most likely mode of discharge is by vertical, cross‐formational flow to underlying Permian rocks that are more porous and permeable and subsequent flow along regional flowpaths beneath local ground water divides. The Southeast Eagle Flat Aquifer is classified as a topographically open and drained basin because surface drainage and ground water discharge are to the adjacent Wildhorse Flat area. Opposite the Eagle Flat and Red Light Draw aquifers is the El Cuervo Aquifer of northern Chihuahua, Mexico. The El Cuervo Aquifer has interior drainage to Laguna El Cuervo, which is a phreatic playa that also serves as a focal point of ground water discharge. Our evidence suggests that El Cuervo Aquifer may lose a smaller portion of its discharge by interbasin ground water flow to Indian Hot Springs, near the Rio Grande. Thus, El Cuervo Aquifer is a topographically closed basin that is either partially drained if a component of its ground water discharge reaches Indian Hot Springs or undrained if all its natural ground water discharge is to Laguna El Cuervo.
Isotope Methods for Management of Shared Aquifers in Northern Africa
Authors: Wallin Bill , Gaye Cheikh , Gourcy Laurence , Aggarwal Pradeep
Published: September 2005

Access to fresh water is one of the major issues of northern and sub‐Saharan Africa. The majority of the fresh water used for drinking and irrigation is obtained from large ground water basins where there is minor contemporary recharge and the aquifers cross national borders. These aquifers include the Nubian Aquifer System shared by Chad, Egypt, Libya, and Sudan; the Iullemeden Aquifer System, extending over Niger, Nigeria, Mali, Benin, and Algeria; and the Northwest Sahara Aquifer System shared by Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia. These resources are subject to increased exploitation and may be severely stressed if not managed properly as witnessed already by declining water levels. In order to make appropriate decisions for the sustainable management of these shared water resources, planners and managers in different countries need an improved knowledge base of hydrological information. Three technical cooperation projects related to aquifer systems will be implemented by the International Atomic Energy Agency, in collaboration with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and United Nations Development Programme/Global Environmental Facility. These projects focus on isotope hydrology studies to better quantify ground water recharge and dynamics. The multiple isotope approach combining commonly used isotopes 18O and 2H together with more recently developed techniques (chlorofluorocarbons, 36Cl, noble gases) will be applied to improve the conceptual model to study stratification and ground water flows. Moreover, the isotopes will be an important indicator of changes in the aquifer due to water abstraction, and therefore they will assist in the effort to establish a sustainable ground water management.
Economic Commission for Europe Inventory of Transboundary Ground Water in Europe
Authors: Arnold G.E. , Buzás Zs.
Published: September 2005

In Europe, a long history of cooperation over transboundary rivers—most notably the Rhine and Danube rivers—exists. To help foster cooperation and communication vis‐à‐vis transboundary ground water, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), as part of its ground water program, conducted a survey on transboundary aquifers in Europe. The survey produced 25 responses from 37 countries and identified 89 transboundary aquifers. Respondents reported on the degree of ground water use within their own boundaries, transboundary aspects (agreements, joint commissions, etc.) of ground water, and transboundary aquifers themselves. The inventory proved useful, but a number of problems were identified: different map scales and symbols, difficulty in identifying transboundary aquifers, inconsistent labeling of aquifers, and data discrepancies. The UNECE ground water program also drafted guidelines for monitoring and assessment of transboundary ground water. These guidelines are not legally binding but have been adopted by 25 countries, deal mainly with monitoring and assessment, and are being implemented through a number of pilot projects. Other organizations—the United Nations Scientific, Educational and Cultural Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Association of Hydrogeologists, and the European Union—are all supporting the investigation of transboundary aquifers in an effort to facilitate data sharing and coordinated management of these valuable resources.
Transboundary Aquifers: Conceptual Models for Development of International Law
Authors: Eckstein Yoram , Eckstein Gabriel E.
Published: September 2005

More than one‐half of the world's population is dependent on ground water for everyday uses such as drinking, cooking, and hygiene. In fact, it is the most extracted natural resource in the world. As a result of growing populations and expanding economies, many aquifers today are being depleted while others are being contaminated. Notwithstanding the world's considerable reliance on this resource, ground water resources have long received only secondary attention as compared to surface water, especially among legislatures and policymakers. Today, while there are hundreds of treaties governing transboundary rivers and lakes, there is only one international agreement that directly addresses a transboundary aquifer. Given that many of the aquifers on which humanity so heavily relies cross international borders, there is a considerable gap in the sound management, allocation, and protection of such resources. In order to prevent future disputes over transboundary aquifers and to maximize the beneficial use of this resource, international law must be clarified as it applies to transboundary ground water resources. Moreover, it must be defined with a firm basis in sound scientific understanding. In this paper we offer six conceptual models is which ground water resources can have transboudary consequences. The models are intended to help in assessing the applicability and scientific soundness of existing and proposed rules governing transboundary ground water resources. In addition, we consider the development of international law as it applies to ground water resources and make recommendations based on the models and principles of hydrogeology. The objective is the development of clear, logical, and science‐based norms of state conducts as they relate to aquifers that traverse political boundaries.
Transboundary Flow Modeling: The Zohor Depression of Austria and the Slovak Republic
Authors: Fendek Marian , Fendekova Miriam
Published: September 2005

Estimation of available ground water is a basic aspect of ground water management. Mathematical modeling is one of the methods that can be effectively used to obtain such estimates. A numerical model was used to calculate available ground water in the Zohor depression—an aquifer transcending national boundaries between the Slovak Republic and Austria. The aquifer, formed by Quaternary sediments overlying Neogene sequences, is composed of various clays interbedded with layers of sand, gravel, sandstones, and conglomerates. The AQUA computer model package was used to simulate flow in the aquifer. For model compilation, the following data were used: (1) effective precipitation; (2) surface water levels in surface water gauging profiles; and (3) withdrawal amounts. Hydraulic parameters of the aquifer were estimated based on information from 86 wells located in the area. The model was verified using data on ground water levels from a monitoring network. The simulation of the aquifer system permitted the estimation of the available ground water in the study area, showing that an additional 587 L/s can be abstracted. Ground water inflows to the Morava River, which flows through the region, range from 745 to 3100 L/s.
Dynamic conformational changes of extracellular S5–P linkers in the hERG channel
Authors: Jiang Min , Zhang Mei , Maslennikov Innokenty V. , Liu Jie , Wu Dong‐Mei , Korolkova Yuliya V. , Arseniev Alexander S. , Grishin Eugene V. , Tseng Gea‐Ny
Published: September 2005

The hERG channel has an unusually long ‘S5–P linker’ (residues 571–613) that lines the outer mouth of the pore. Previously, we have shown that residues along this S5–P linker are critical for the fast‐inactivation process and K+ selectivity of the hERG channel. Here we used several approaches to probe the structure of this S5–P linker and its interactions with other domains of the hERG channel. Circular dichroism and NMR analysis of a synthetic hERG S5–P linker peptide suggested that this linker is quite dynamic: its central region (positions 583–593) can be unstructured or helical, depending on whether it is immersed in an aqueous phase or in contact with a hydrophobic environment. Cysteine introduced into positions 583–597 of the S5–P linker can form intersubunit disulphide bonds, and at least four of them (at 584, 585, 588 and 589) can form disulphide bonds with counterparts from neighbouring subunits. We propose that the four S5–P linkers in a hERG channel can engage in dynamic conformational changes during channel gating, and interactions between S5–P linkers from neighbouring subunits contribute importantly to channel inactivation.
Prolonged strenuous exercise alters the cardiovascular response to dobutamine stimulation in male athletes
Authors: Welsh Robert C. , Warburton Darren E. R. , Humen Dennis P. , Taylor Dylan A. , McGavock Jonathon , Haykowsky Mark J.
Published: September 2005

Prolonged strenuous exercise has been associated with transient impairment in left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function that has been termed ‘cardiac fatigue’. It has been postulated that cardiac β‐adrenoreceptor desensitization may play a central role; however, data are limited. Accordingly, we assessed the cardiovascular response to progressive dobutamine stimulation after prolonged strenuous exercise (2 km swim, 90 km bike, 21 km run). Nine experienced male athletes were studied: PRE (2–3 days before), POST (after) and REC (1–2 days later). The cardiovascular response to progressive continuous dobutamine stimulation (0, 5, 20, and 40 μg kg−1 min−1) was assessed, including heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), LV cavity areas (two‐dimensional echocardiography) and contractility (end‐systolic elastance, SBP/end‐systolic cavity area (ESCA)). POST there was limited evidence of myocardial necrosis (measured by troponin I), while catecholamines were elevated. HR was higher POST (mean ±s.d.; PRE, 58 ± 9; POST, 79 ± 9; REC, 57 ± 7 beats min−1; P < 0.05), while SBP was lower (PRE, 127 ± 15; POST, 116 ± 9; REC, 121 ± 12 mmHg; P < 0.05). A blunted HR, SBP and LV contractility (SBP/ESCA; PRE 29 ± 6 versus POST 20 ± 6 mmHg cm−2; P < 0.05) response to dobutamine was demonstrated POST, with values returning towards baseline in REC. Following prolonged strenuous exercise, the chronotropic and inotropic response to dobutamine stimulation is blunted. This study supports the hypothesis that beta‐receptor downregulation and/or desensitization may play a major role in prolonged‐strenuous‐exercise‐mediated cardiac fatigue.
Numerical Heat Transfer Predictive Accuracy for an In-Line Array of Board-Mounted Plastic Quad Flat Back Components in Free Convection
Authors: Eveloy Valérie , Rodgers Peter , Hashmi M. S. J.
Published: September 2005

Numerical predictive accuracy is assessed for board-mounted electronic component heat transfer in free convection, using a computational fluid dynamics code dedicated to the thermal analysis of electronic equipment. This is achieved by comparing numerical predictions with experimental measurements of component junction temperature and component-PCB surface temperature, measured using thermal test chips and infrared thermography, respectively. The printed circuit board (PCB) test vehicle considered is populated with fifteen 160-lead PQFP components generating a high degree of component thermal interaction. Component numerical modeling is based on vendor-specified, nominal package dimensions and material thermophysical properties. To permit both the modeling methodology applied and solver capability to be carefully evaluated, test case complexity is incremented in controlled steps, from individually to simultaneously powered component configurations. Component junction temperature is predicted overall to within ±5°C (7%) of measurement, independently of component location on the board. However, component thermal interaction is found not to be fully captured.
A Damage-Mechanics-Based Constitutive Model for Solder Joints
Authors: Basaran C. , Zhao Y. , Tang H. , Gomez J.
Published: September 2005

Sn-Pb eutectic solder alloy is extensively used in microelectronics packaging interconnects. Due to the high homologous temperature, eutectic Sn-Pb solder exhibits creep-fatigue interaction and significant time-, temperature-, stress-, and rate-dependent material characteristics. The microstructure is often unstable, having significant effects on the flow behavior of solder joints at high homologous temperatures. Such complex behavior makes constitutive modeling an extremely difficult task. A viscoplasticity model unified with a thermodynamics-based damage concept is presented. The proposed model takes into account isotropic and kinematic hardening, and grain size coarsening evolution. The model is verified against various test data, and shows strong application potential for modeling thermal viscoplastic behavior and fatigue life of solder joints in microelectronics packaging.
A Novel Semi-empirical Model for Evaluating Thermal Performance of Porous Metallic Foam Heat Sinks
Authors: Jeng Tzer-Ming , Liu Li-Kang , Hung Ying-Huei
Published: September 2005

A novel semi-empirical model with an improved single blow method for exploring the heat transfer performance of porous aluminum-foam heat sinks in a channel has been successfully developed. The influencing parameters such as the steady-state air preheating temperature ratio, Reynolds number and medium porosity on local and average heat transfer behavior of porous aluminum-foam heat sinks in a channel are explored. The heat transfer enhancement of using a porous heat sink in a channel to a hollow channel is, (Nu¯b)ss∕(Nu¯b)ε=1, much greater than unity and generally decrease with increasing Re. Furthermore, two new correlations of (Nu¯b)ss and (Nu¯i)ss in terms of ϴ,Re,Da,γ and ε are proposed. As compared with the results evaluated by the transient liquid crystal method, the channel wall temperatures predicted by the present semi-empirical model have a more satisfactory agreement with the experimental data, especially for the cases with smaller porosities. The limitations with relevant error maps of using the transient liquid crystal method in porous aluminum foam channels are finally postulated.
In-Plane Effective Thermal Conductivity of Symmetric, Diamond-Weave Screen Laminates
Authors: Xu Jun , Wirtz Richard A.
Published: September 2005

Algebraic models of porosity, specific surface area, and in-plane effective thermal conductivity for stacked, two-dimensional symmetric diamond-weave screen laminations are developed and benchmarked with laboratory experiments. Diamond-weave laminations are found to have greater metal fractions and specific surface area than equivalent orthogonal-weaves. With the weave angle smaller than 90°, the structure also has a much higher effective thermal conductivity.
Deep Impact Observations by OSIRIS Onboard the Rosetta Spacecraft
Authors: Keller Horst Uwe , Jorda Laurent , Küppers Michael , Gutierrez Pedro J. , Hviid Stubbe F. , Knollenberg Jörg , Lara Luisa-Maria , Sierks Holger , Barbieri Cesare , Lamy Philippe , Rickman Hans , Rodrigo Rafael
Published: September 2005

The OSIRIS cameras (optical, spectroscopic, and infrared remote imaging system) onboard the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft observed comet 9P/Tempel 1 for 17 days continuously around the time of NASA's Deep Impact mission. The cyanide-to-water production ratio was slightly enhanced in the impact cloud, compared with that of normal comet activity. Dust particles were flowing outward in the coma at >160 meters per second, accelerated by the gas. The slope of the brightness increase showed a dip about 200 seconds after the impact. Dust Afρ values before and long after the impact confirm the slight decrease of cometary activity. The dust-to-water mass ratio was much larger than 1.
ON THE NUMBER OF COMPLEX HYPERBOLIC MANIFOLDS OF BOUNDED VOLUME
Authors: HWANG JUN-MUK
Published: September 2005

We give an effective bound on the number of n-dimensional complex hyperbolic manifolds of volume bounded by v > 0 in terms of n ≥ 2 and v, using effective methods of algebraic geometry, related to adjunction theory and complexity of Chow varieties.
INVERSION OF THE RADON TRANSFORM ASSOCIATED WITH THE CLASSICAL DOMAIN OF TYPE ONE
Authors: HE JIANXUN , LIU HEPING
Published: September 2005

Let D(Ω,Φ) be the unbounded realization of the classical domain [Formula: see text] of type one. In general, its Šilov boundary [Formula: see text] is a nilpotent Lie group of step two. In this article we define the Radon transform on [Formula: see text], and obtain an inversion formula [Formula: see text] in terms of a determinantal differential operator. Moreover, we characterize a subspace of [Formula: see text] on which the Radon transform is a bijection. By use of the suitable continuous wavelet transform we establish a new inversion formula of the Radon transform in weak sense without the assumption of differentiability.
UNIQUENESS PROBLEM WITH TRUNCATED MULTIPLICITIES OF MEROMORPHIC MAPPINGS IN SEVERAL COMPLEX VARIABLES FOR MOVING TARGETS
Authors: THAI DO DUC , QUANG SI DUC
Published: September 2005

In this article, truncated second main theorems with moving targets are given. Basing on these theorems, the uniqueness problem with truncated multiplicities of meromorphic mappings in several complex variables for moving targets is solved.
ON THE QUANTUM COHOMOLOGY OF SOME FANO THREEFOLDS AND A CONJECTURE OF DUBROVIN
Authors: CIOLLI GIANNI
Published: September 2005

In the present paper the small quantum cohomology ring of some Fano threefolds which are obtained as one- or two-curve blow-ups from ℙ3or the quadric Q3is explicitely computed. Because of systematic usage of the associativity property of quantum product only a very small and enumerative subset of Gromov–Witten invariants is needed. Then, for these threefolds the Dubrovin conjecture on the semisimplicity of quantum cohomology is proven by checking the computed quantum cohomology rings and by showing that a smooth Fano threefold X with b3(X) = 0 admits a complete exceptional set of the appropriate length.
COMPLEX CROWNS OF SYMMETRIC SPACES
Authors: SZŐKE RÓBERT
Published: September 2005

The notion of complex crowns is extended from Riemannian symmetric spaces of noncompact type to general symmetric spaces using the adapted complex structure construction.
A CHARACTERIZATION OF CAYLEY HYPERSURFACE AND EASTWOOD AND EZHOV CONJECTURE
Authors: CHOI YUNCHERL , KIM HYUK
Published: September 2005

Eastwood and Ezhov generalized the Cayley surface to the Cayley hypersurface in each dimension, proved some characteristic properties of the Cayley hypersurface and conjectured that a homogeneous hypersurface in affine space satisfying these properties must be the Cayley hypersurface. We will prove this conjecture when the domain bounded by a graph of a function defined on ℝn is also homogeneous giving a characterization of Cayley hypersurface. The idea of the proof is to look at the problem of affine homogeneous hypersurfaces as that of left symmetric algebras with a Hessian type inner product. This method gives a new insight and powerful algebraic tools for the study of homogeneous affine hypersurfaces.
GRIBOV LIGHT QUARK CONFINEMENT SCENARIO
Authors: DOKSHITZER YURI L.
Published: September 2005

The key ingredients of the Gribov program of attacking quark confinement are reviewed.
RECENT RESULTS FROM THE BRAHMS EXPERIMENT AT RHIC
Authors:   for the BRAHMS Collaboration., Staszel Paweł , Arsene I. , Bearden I. G. , Beavis D. , Besliu C. , Budick B. , Bøggild H. , Chasman C. , Christensen C. H. , Christiansen P. , Cibor J. , Debbe R. , Enger E. , Gaardhøje J. J. , Germinario M. , Hagel K. , Ito H. , Jipa A. , Jørdre J. I. , Jundt F. , Jørgensen C. E. , Karabowicz R. , Kim E. J. , Kozik T. , Larsen T. M. , Lee J. H. , Lee Y. K. , Lindal S. , Lystad R. , Løvhøiden G. , Majka Z. , Makeev A. , Mikelsen M. , Murray M. , Natowitz J. , Neuman B. , Nielsen B. S. , Ouerdane D. , Pł aneta R. , Rami F. , Ristea C. , Ristea O. , Röhrich D. , Samset B. H. , Sandberg D. , Sanders S. J. , Sheetz R. A. , Staszel P. , Tveter T. S. , Videbæk F. , Wada R. , Yin Z. , Zgura I. S.
Published: September 2005

We present the results obtained by the BRAHMS experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) for three colliding systems, namely: Au + Au , d + Au and p + p at [Formula: see text]. The main focus here is to give an overview of the main results on the reaction dynamics and on the properties of hot and high energy density matter produced in utra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. Measurement of particle production, particle spectra over a large rapidity interval as well as high pt measurements related to nuclear modification in Au + Au and d + Au collision are discussed. The observed number of charged particles produced per unit of rapidity at the central rapidity region indicates that a high energy density (> 5 GeV/fm3) system is created at the initial stage of the Au + Au reaction. From the particle spectra we deduced significant radial expansion (β ≈ 0.75) which is consistent with the large initial energy density. For Au + Au at η = 0 we observe the suppression of the high p T particles as compared to the elementary collisions, whereas for the d + Au reaction the Cronin type enhancement is observed. We also discuss to what extent these results can be taken as evidence for the quark gluon plasma (QGP). Finally, we present the nuclear modification effects in d + Au reaction as a function of rapidity and consider whether the observed suppression at forward rapidities constitutes sufficient evidence for a possible precursor state to the QGP, i.e. the Color Glass Condensate (CGC).
STAR Highlights
Authors:   for the STAR Collaboration., Castillo Javier
Published: September 2005

We present selected results from the STAR collaboration at RHIC. Recent results on jet-like correlations and nuclear modification factors of identified hadrons at intermediate and transverse momentum are discussed. The expansion of the created system is characterized by the measurements of two particle interferometry and the transverse elliptic flow of multi-strange baryons Ξ and Ω.
Cronin effect and high p⊥ suppression from Color Glass Condensate
Authors: ITAKURA KAZUNORI
Published: September 2005

We present an analytical understanding of properties of the ratio between gluon distributions of a nucleus and a proton based on the framework of the Color Glass Condensate. This ratio is closely related to the nuclear modification factor in the deuteron- Au collisions measured by Brahms experiment at RHIC.
Ultra-relativistic Au+Au and d+Au collisions: Experimental studies by PHOBOS
Authors:   for the PHOBOS Collaboration., Back B. B. , Baker M. D. , Ballintijn M. , Barton D. S. , Betts R. R. , Bickley A. A. , Bindel R. , Budzanowski A. , Busza W. , Carroll A. , Chai Z. , Decowski M. P. , García E. , Gburek T. , George N. , Gulbrandsen K. , Gushue S. , Halliwell C. , Hamblen J. , Hauer M. , Heintzelman G. A. , Henderson C. , Hofman D. J. , Hollis R. S. , Hołyński R. , Holzman B. , Iordanova A. , Johnson E. , Kane J. L. , Katzy J. , Khan N. , Kucewicz W. , Kulinich P. , Kuo C. M. , Lin W. T. , Manly S. , McLeod D. , Mignerey A. C. , Nouicer R. , Olszewski A. , Pak R. , Park I. C. , Pernegger H. , Reed C. , Remsberg L. P. , Reuter M. , Roland C. , Roland G. , Rosenberg L. , Sagerer J. , Sarin P. , Sawicki P. , Seals H. , Sedykh I. , Skulski W. , Smith C. E. , Stankiewicz M. A. , Steinberg P. , Stephans G. S. F. , Sukhanov A. , Tang J.-L. , Tonjes M. B. , Trzupek A. , Vale C. , van Nieuwenhuizen G. J. , Vaurynovich S. S. , Verdier R. , Veres G. I. , Wenger E. , Wolfs F. L. H. , Wosiek B. , Woźniak K. , Wuosmaa A. H. , Wysłouch B.
Published: September 2005

In this talk I will review PHOBOS data on charged particle multiplicities, obtained in Au + Au and d + Au collisions at RHIC. The general features of the Au + Au pseudorapidity distributions results will be discussed and compared to those of [Formula: see text] collisions. The total charged particle multiplicity, scaled by the number of participant pairs, is observed to be about 40% higher in Au + Au collisions than in [Formula: see text] and d + Au systems, but, surprisingly at the same level of e+e- collisions. Limiting fragmentation scaling is seen to be obeyed in Au + Au collisions.
ANGULAR INTRICACIES IN HOT GAUGE FIELD THEORIES
Authors: GRANDOU T.
Published: September 2005

In hot quantum field theories, "Hard Thermal Loops" leading order calculations call for a definite sequence of angular averages and discontinuity (or Imaginary part prescription) operations, and run otherwise into incorrect results. The ten years old collinear singularity problem of hot QCD, provides a dramatic illustration of that fate.
HADRON SPIN PHYSICS — A THEORY UPDATE
Authors: SCHÄFER ANDREAS
Published: September 2005

I give a short description of some recent developments in hadron spin physics focussing on the concept of Generalized Parton Distributions and the role of lattice-QCD-calculations.
FIRST RESULTS FROM RHIC SPIN PROGRAM AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors: SAITO NAOHITO
Published: September 2005

The spin physics with hadrons has entered the new era with the completion of the first polarized proton collider, RHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The spin physics program at RHIC provides a unique opportunity to elucidate the spin structure of the nucleon and to investigate the symmetries embeded in the nature. First set of physics results from the program are described with near future prospects.
NUCLEAR SHADOWING AND DIFFRACTION
Authors: ALBACETE J. L. , ARMESTO N. , SALGADO C. A. , CAPELLA A. , KAIDALOV A. B.
Published: September 2005

The relation between diffraction in lepton-proton collisions and shadowing of nuclear structure functions which arises from Gribov inelastic shadowing, is described. A model realizing such relation, which produces a parameter-free description of experimental data on nuclear structure functions at small x, is presented. The application to the description of multiplicities in nuclear collisions is discussed and related to other approaches.
QCD ASPECTS OF HADRONIC DIFFRACTION
Authors: GOULIANOS KONSTANTIN
Published: September 2005

Experimental results on soft and hard diffractive processes obtained by the CDF Collaboration in [Formula: see text] interactions are examined with emphasis on regularities that point to QCD aspects of hadronic diffraction. Data are interpreted in a phenomenological approach in which diffractive cross sections are related to the underlying inclusive parton distribution functions of the nucleon. In this approach, diffraction appears to be mediated by the exchange of low-x partons subject to color constraints.
FALL AND RISE OF THE GLUON SPLITTING FUNCTION
Authors: SALAM GAVIN P.
Published: September 2005

This talk reviews some recent results on the NLL resummed small-x gluon splitting function, as determined including renormalisation-group improvements. It also discusses the observation that the LO, NLO, NNLO, etc. hierarchy for the gluon splitting function breaks down not when αs ln 1/x ~ 1 but rather for αs ln 2 1/x ~ 1.
LARGE TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM SUPPRESSION AT RHIC: SHADOWING AND ABSORPTION
Authors: FERREIRO ELENA G.
Published: September 2005

We propose a model of suppression of π0's based on two different effects: at low pT we take into account the shadowing corrections, which are non-linear and essential for the description of the inclusive spectra, while at large pT the suppression is produced through the interaction of the large pT pion with the dense medium created in the collision. The main features of the data on AuAu and dAu collisions at RHIC energies are reproduced both at mid and at forward rapidities.
HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION IN PROTON-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AT THE LHC
Authors: CATTARUZZA E. , DEL FABBRO A. , TRELEANI D.
Published: September 2005

One may expect a large rate of events, in hadron-nucleus collisions at the LHC, with several pairs of heavy-quarks produced contemporarily by multiple parton interactions. We estimate the inclusive cross sections of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] production in p–A collisions in the central and in the forward rapidity regions.
GROSS–WITTEN POINT AND DECONFINEMENT
Authors: PISARSKI ROBERT D.
Published: September 2005

Following Aharony et al., we analyze the deconfining phase transition in a SU(∞) gauge theory in mean field approximation. The Gross–Witten model emerges as an "ultra"-critical point for deconfinement: while thermodynamically of first order, masses vanish, asymmetrically, at the transition. Potentials for N = 3 are also shown.
SUPERSYMMETRIC YANG-MILLS QUANTUM MECHANICS IN VARIOUS DIMENSIONS
Authors: WOSIEK JACEK
Published: September 2005

Recent analytical and numerical solutions of above systems are reviewed. Discussed results include: a) exact construction of the supersymmetric vacua in two space-time dimensions, and b) precise numerical calculations of the coexisting, continuous and discrete, spectra in the four-dimensional system, together with the identification of dynamical supermultiplets and SUSY vacua. New construction of the gluinoless SO (9) singlet state, which is vastly different from the empty state, in the ten-dimensional model is also briefly summarized.
FERMION DETERMINANTS: SOME RECENT ANALYTIC RESULTS
Authors: FRY M. P.
Published: September 2005

The use of known analytic results for the continuum fermion determinants in QCD and QED as benchmarks for zero lattice spacing extrapolations of lattice fermion determinants is proposed. Specifically, they can be used as a check on the universality hypothesis relating the continuum limits of the naïve, staggered and Wilson fermion determinants.
Large N QCD – Continuum Reduction and Chiral Condensate
Authors: NARAYANAN RAJAMANI
Published: September 2005

Continuum reduction in large N QCD enables one to extract physical quantities in the N → ∞ limit of QCD by working in small physics volumes. The computation of chiral condensate is an example of such a calculation.
STRING APPROACH TO QCD WITH QUARKS IN FUNDAMENTAL REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: Frampton Paul H.
Published: September 2005

Straightforward use of AdS/CFT correspondence can give QCD with quarks in adjoint representations. Using an asymmetric orbifold approach we obtain nonsupersymmetric QCD with four quark flavors in fundamental representations of color.
PROBING THE 5TH DIMENSION WITH THE QCD STRING
Authors: BROWER RICHARD C. , TAN CHUNG-I , THOMPSON ETHAN
Published: September 2005

A salient feature of String/Gauge duality is an extra 5th dimension. Here we study the effect of confining deformations of AdS5 and compute the spectrum of a string stretched between infinitely massive quarks and compare it with the quantum states of the QCD flux as determined by Kuti, Juge and Morningstar in lattice simulations. In the long flux tube limit the AdS string probes the metric near the IR cutoff of the 5th dimension with a spectrum approximated by a Nambu-Goto string in 4-d flat space, whereas at short distance the string moves to the UV region with a discrete spectrum for pure AdS5. We also review earlier results on glueballs states and the cross-over between hard and soft diffractive scattering that support this picture.
HARD AND SOFT COLLISIONS IN GAUGE/STRING DUALITY AND POMERON INTERCEPT IN STRONG COUPLING
Authors: BROWER RICHARD C. , TAN CHUNG-I
Published: September 2005

We briefly review the Maldecena duality conjecture, leading to the calculation for the glueball spectrum and the Pomeron intercept in the strong coupling limit. One key feature of String/Gauge duality is an extra "radial" dimension, leading to an asymptotic AdS geometry. One necessary ingredient for describing QCD is a confining deformation leading to a finite string tension. Using this gauge/string duality, a unified description is provided for both the soft and the hard Pomeron in the strong coupling limit.
CONSTRUCTING STRING FIELD THEORY FROM LARGE N GAUGE THEORY
Authors: JEVICKI ANTAL
Published: September 2005

We review of a systematic procedure for deriving closed string pp wave string field theory from the large N Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase limit.
MATRIX-MODEL DUALITIES FROM CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY
Authors: ANDRIĆ IVAN , JONKE LARISA , JURMAN DANIJEL
Published: September 2005

Using the large- N conformal invariant collective field formulation, of the dual matrix model, a strong-weak coupling duality is displayed in terms of the generators of the conformal group. In the large- N limit, the real-symmetric matrix model is dual to the quaternionic-real matrix model and the hermitian matrix model is self-dual. We construct the master Hamiltonian for dual real-symmetric and quaternionic-real matrices and discuss a connection with the hermitian matrix model.
LESS IS MORE: NONRENORMALIZATION THEOREMS FROM LOWER DIMENSIONAL SUPERSPACE
Authors: GURALNIK ZACHARY , KOVACS STEFANO , KULIK BOGDAN
Published: September 2005

We discuss a new class of non-renormalization theorems in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] Super-Yang-Mills theory, obtained by using a superspace which makes a lower dimensional subgroup of the full supersymmetry manifest. Certain Wilson loops (and Wilson lines) belong to the chiral ring of the lower dimensional supersymmetry algebra, and their expectation values can be computed exactly.
HADRONIC STRUCTURE FROM LATTICE QCD
Authors: Orginos Kostas
Published: September 2005

I present some recent progress in lattice computations of moments of structure functions using domain wall fermions.
PENTAQUARK HADRONS FROM LATTICE QCD
Authors: CSIKOR F. , FODOR Z. , KATZ S. D. , KOVÁCS T. G.
Published: September 2005

The present work is a summary of the status of lattice pentaquark calculations. After a pedagogic introduction to the basics of lattice hadron spectroscopy we give a critical comparison of results presently available in the literature. Special emphasis is put on presenting some of the possible pitfalls of these calculations. In particular we discuss at length the choice of the hadronic operators and the separation of genuine five-quark states from meson-baryon scattering states.
QCD THERMODYNAMICS AT SMALL BARYON DENSITIES
Authors: PHILIPSEN OWE
Published: September 2005

After a brief review of calculational methods for finite density lattice simulations, I summarize current results for the low density region of the QCD phase diagram.
ON THE ORDER OF THE DECONFINING TRANSITION IN Nf = 2 QCD
Authors: D'ELIA M. , DI GIACOMO A. , PICA C.
Published: September 2005

A careful study is made on the lattice of the phase diagram of QCD with two staggered flavors, to investigate the order of the chiral transition of Nf = 2 QCD. The specific heat and the susceptibility of the chiral condensate are determined for different spatial sizes of the system, and a finite size scaling analysis provides a determination of the (pseudo)critical indices. The result is a strong indication that the chiral transition is first order.
QUARKONIA AND PENTAQUARKS
Authors: Seth Kamal K.
Published: September 2005

A brief review of the latest developments in the spectroscopy of heavy quarks is presented. The current status of the recently 'discovered' pentaquarks is also discussed.
THE PENTAQUARKS IN THE LINEAR MOLECULAR HEPTAQUARK MODEL
Authors: Bicudo P.
Published: September 2005

In this talk, multiquarks are studied microscopically in a standard quark model. In pure ground-state pentaquarks the short-range interaction is computed and it is shown to be repulsive. An additional quark-antiquark pair is then considered, and this is suggested to produce linear molecular system, with a narrow decay width. The quarks assemble in three hadronic clusters, and the central hadron provides stability. The possible crypto-heptaquark hadrons with exotic pentaquark flavours, with strange, charmed and bottomed quarks, are predicted.
INSTANTON-INDUCED CORRELATIONS IN HADRONS
Authors: FACCIOLI PIETRO
Published: September 2005

QCD instantons generate non-perturbative spin- and flavor- dependent correlations between light quarks. We report on the results of a series of studies on the contribution of instantons to the electro-weak structure of light hadrons. We show that the Instanton Liquid Model can reproduce the available data on proton and pion form factors at large momentum transfer, and explain the delay of the onset of the perturbative regime in some exclusive reactions. We provide unambiguous evidence that instantons lead to the formation of a deeply bound scalar, color anti-triplet diquark, with a mass of about 450 MeV. The strong attraction in the [Formula: see text], scalar diquark channel leads to a quantitative description of non-leptonic decays of hyperons and provides a microscopic dynamical explanation of the Δ I = 1/2 rule.
THE QCD ANALYTIC EFFECTIVE CHARGE AND ITS DEPENDENCE ON THE PION MASS
Authors: NESTERENKO A. V. , PAPAVASSILIOU J.
Published: September 2005

A new model for the QCD analytic running coupling, which incorporates the effects due to the π meson mass, is proposed. The properties of this invariant charge in spacelike and timelike regions are examined. Its main distinctive features are a finite infrared limiting value, which depends on the pion mass, and the "plateau–like" behavior in the deep infrared domain of the timelike region.
Recent Developments in Quantum Vacuum Energy for Confined Fields
Authors: MILTON K. A.
Published: September 2005

Quantum vacuum energy entered hadronic physics through the zero-point energy parameter introduced into the bag model. Estimates of this parameter led to apparent discordance with phenomenological fits. More serious were divergences which were omitted in an ad hoc manner. New developments in understanding Casimir self-stresses, and the nature of surface divergences, promise to render the situation clearcut.
CONFINEMENT IN THE 3-DIMENSIONAL GROSS–NEVEU MODEL
Authors: MALBOUISSON A. P. C. , MALBOUISSON J. M. C. , SANTANA A. E. , DA SILVA J. C.
Published: September 2005

We consider the N-components 3-dimensional massive Gross-Neveu model compactified in one spatial direction, the system being constrained to a slab of thickness L. We derive a closed formula for the effective renormalized L-dependent coupling constant in the large-N limit, using bag-model boundary conditions. For values of the fixed coupling constant in absence of boundaries λ ≥ λc ≃ 19.16, we obtain ultra-violet asymptotic freedom (for L → 0) and confinement for a length L(c) such that 2.07m-1 < L(c) ≲ 2.82m-1, m being the fermionic mass. Taking for m an average of the masses of the quarks composing the proton, we obtain a confining legth [Formula: see text] which is comparable with an estimated proton diameter.
NON-HERMITIAN QUANTUM FIELD THEORY
Authors: BENDER CARL. M.
Published: September 2005

In my talk at the Seventh QCD Workshop held in Villefranche in January 2003 I showed that a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian H possessing an unbroken [Formula: see text] symmetry (i) has a real spectrum that is bounded below, and (ii) defines a unitary theory of quantum mechanics with positive norm. The proof of unitarity requires a linear operator [Formula: see text], which was originally defined as a sum over the eigenfunctions of H. However, using this definition to calculate [Formula: see text] is cumbersome in quantum mechanics and impossible in quantum field theory. I describe here an alternative method for calculating [Formula: see text] directly in terms of the operator dynamical variables of the quantum theory. This new method is general and applies to a variety of quantum mechanical systems having several degrees of freedom. More importantly, this method gives the [Formula: see text] operator in quantum field theory. The [Formula: see text] operator is a new time-independent observable in [Formula: see text]-symmetric quantum field theory.
ULTRAHIGH ENERGY TAU NEUTRINOS
Authors: JONES J. , MOCIOIU I. , SARCEVIC I. , RENO M. H.
Published: September 2005

We study ultrahigh energy astrophysical neutrinos and the contribution of tau neutrinos from neutrino oscillations, relative to the contribution of the other flavors. We show the effect of tau neutrino regeneration and tau energy loss as they propagate through the Earth. We consider a variety of neutrino fluxes, such as cosmogenic neutrinos and neutrinos that originate in Active Galactic Nuclei. We discuss signals of tau neutrinos in detectors such as IceCube, RICE and ANITA.
DEEP INELASTIC NEUTRINO INTERACTIONS
Authors: RENO MARY HALL
Published: September 2005

Next-to-leading order QCD corrections, order 1 GeV mass corrections and the role of a strangeness asymmetry and isospin violation in the x dependence of parton distributions are evaluated in the context of the neutrino-nucleon cross section. Their contributions to evaluations of the weak mixing angle using the Paschos-Wolfenstein relation are discussed.