bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON RELATIVE DOMINANCE BETWEEN THE OZI-ALLOWED DECAYS $\Phi (1.68)\to K\bar{K}$ AND $\Phi (1.68)\to K\bar{K}^*/\bar{K}K^*$
Authors: DHAR SUMITA , MUKHOPADHYAY P.
Published: November 2004

This paper points out that [Formula: see text] must dominate over [Formula: see text] despite the fact that the former decay has a smaller phase space available at its disposal compared to that for the latter decay. This is because [Formula: see text] is allowed by both the OZI rule as well as the pseudo-dimension rule whereas [Formula: see text] is allowed by the OZI rule but forbidden by the pseudo-dimension rule. Consequently, the overall status of the former decay is that of an allowed decay and the same for the latter decay is that of a forbidden one. It has also been stressed that Φ(1.68)-decay should be a replay of Φ(1.02)-decay in the sense that in both these cases, the most dominant decay mode has the smallest phase space available for the same.
SUPERFIELD FORMULATION OF CHERN-SIMONS SUPERSYMMETRY
Authors: BIRMINGHAM DANNY , RAKOWSKI MARK
Published: November 2004

We discuss an extra supersymmetry present in the covariantly quantized Chern-Simons action within the superfield formalism. By introducing scalar superfields we show how the component transformations are naturally reproduced from the superfield transformation. When the superspace is extended to include an additional odd coordinate for the BRST symmetry, the entire theory is described by a single odd scalar superfield. The implications of this supersymmetry for the renormalized theory are also discussed.
QUATERNION TRACE THEOREMS AND FIRST ORDER ELECTRON-MUON SCATTERING
Authors: ROTELLI P.
Published: November 2004

We exhibit the necessary trace theorems for calculations in quaternion quantum electrodynamics. Two independent photon solutions of the Maxwell equation are found, but only one is needed to reproduce the standard result for first order electron-muon scattering.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN g≥2 CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY
Authors: KATO AKISHI , NAKANISHI TOMOKI
Published: November 2004

We consider the minimal conformal field theories on Riemann surfaces of genus greater than one. We illustrate in a simple example how the null state conditions in the highest weight representations of the Virasoro algebra turn into differential equations including the moduli variables for correlators between degenerate fields. In particular, the set of an infinite number of partial differential equations satisfied by higher genus characters is obtained.
PROPAGATION AND DETECTION OF NEUTRINOS FROM DISTANT OBJECTS
Authors: BOTTINO A. , KIM C.W. , KIM JEWAN , LAM W.P.
Published: November 2004

We discuss how an initial composition of wave packets representing the neutrinos, emitted by distant objects such as supernovae, is modified as the neutrinos travel a long distance to the earth and how these modifications affect the detection of such neutrinos. In particular, observed neutrino masses are shown to depend on the mass square difference of the i-th and j-th flavors i.e., [Formula: see text], L (the distance traveled), and a resolution time of the detector as well as on how neutrinos emerge from the star.
“QUANTUM JUMPS” AND INDISTINGUISHABILITY
Authors: KENT ADRIAN
Published: November 2004

Ghirardi, Rimini and Weber have presented a statistical modification of non-relativistic quantum mechanics which unifies the description of microscopic and macroscopic systems of distinct particles. We revise their proposal to cover systems of indistinguishable particles. Testable, mathematically precise, realist models of non-relativistic physics result. We give empirically derived bounds on the model parameters.
NUCLEAR STOPPING POWER IN NUCLEON-NUCLEUS AND NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS
Authors: WONG C.Y.
Published: November 2004

The nuclear stopping power, as revealed by nucleon-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions, indicates that the incident nuclear matter loses a substantial fraction of its energy in the collision process. As this energy lost by the nuclear matter is converted into the energy of the hadron matter produced in the center-of-mass region, the nuclear stopping process in high-energy heavy-ion collisions appears to be an excellent tool to produce regions of very high energy density, with a possibility of leading to the formation of a quark-gluon plasma.
IMPROVED SUPERGEOMETRIES FOR TYPE-II GREEN-SCHWARZ NONLINEAR σ-MODELS
Authors: BELLUCCI S. , GATES S. JAMES , RADAK B. , VASHAKIDZE S.
Published: November 2004

New supergeometries which are tailored to simplify calculations of the one-loop quantum corrections of Green-Schwarz nonlinear σ-models are described.
ON THE t(d, n)α REACTIVITY IN FUSION REACTORS
Authors: LANGANKE K. , ROLFS C.
Published: November 2004

We argue that the most accurate t(d, n)α cross section data obtained by the Los Alamos group are enhanced at energies smaller than Ecm≈16 keV due to screening effects caused by the electrons present in the target. We show that these data in the energy range Ecm=16–70 keV can be well reproduced by a single Breit-Wigner resonance formula which, however, disagrees with the data at lower energies. Consistently the observed deviations can be associated with electron screening effects where the latter are estimated within the Thomas-Fermi model or a static Hartree-Fock approach. Adopting the present Breit-Wigner fit to the data at Ecm≥16 keV , we have calculated the reactivity of a d+t plasma at thermal equilibrium in the temperature range kT<10 keV as it might be important for future fusion reactors.
FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION, WARD IDENTITIES AND THE WZW CURRENT ALGEBRA
Authors: HABA Z.
Published: November 2004

The functional integral in the WZW SL(2, C)/SU(2) model leads to a Liouville term, which depends on the renormalization scheme. We set the Liouville term equal to zero. We show that a finite field renormalization is required, if the Ward identities are to be compatible with the functional integral without the Liouville term.
TORONS, CHIRAL SYMMETRY BREAKING AND U(1) PROBLEM IN QCD AND SQCD
Authors: ZHITNITSKY A.R.
Published: November 2004

The new class of self-dual solutions with fractional topological charge in SU(2) gauge theories is considered. The solution is defined on manifold with boundary, it has topological charge Q=1/2 and action S=(8π2)/g2×Q. The contribution of the corresponding fluctuations to chiral condensates [Formula: see text], <λ2> in SQCD is calculated and it is consistent with Konishi anomaly. For the fermion condensate in QCD (with Nf=Nc=2, m→0) we find [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. The unbound resonances of the continuum at λ=0 play a crucial role in this calculation.
THE RUNNING OF THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT
Authors: KOSOWER DAVID A.
Published: November 2004

In a quantum theory, the cosmological constant is scale-dependent. The leading behavior of the scaling in Coleman’s mechanism for the vanishing of the asymptotic cosmological constant is calculable. The Hawking scenario, in contrast, leads to a cosmological constant which is not precisely calculable, and whose scaling may be inconsistent with cosmology.
DIMENSION OF SPACE-TIME IN THIRD QUANTIZED GRAVITY
Authors: KOZIMIROV N.G. , TKACHEV I.I.
Published: November 2004

Quantum creation of universes is considered within the framework of linear D-dimensional third quantized gravity with non-abelian gauge fields. It is shown that the number density of universes is infinitely peaked up on a sequence of compactified universes Sn+1×Id, where dimensionality of compact internal space Id takes values d=0, 1, …, D−3 and effective n+1-dimensional cosmological constant tends to zero, Sn+1→Mn+1.
AN ESTIMATION OF THE ONE-LOOP MASS SHIFTS IN OPEN SUPERSTRING THEORY
Authors: NISHIOKA TSUYOSHI , TSUCHIYA AKIHIKO , YAMAMOTO HISASHI
Published: November 2004

The quantitative studies of the one-loop mass shifts for the first excited states in ten-dimensional open superstring are given. Removing the apparent singularities in the on-shell integral expressions by an off-shell analytic continuation, we obtain the finite mass shifts with imaginary parts. We numerically evaluate the real part to find the smallness of the magnitude of one-loop effect.
$N\bar N$ ANNIHILATION INTO TWO MESONS IN A RELATIVE D-STATE
Authors: GREEN A.M. , LIU G.Q.
Published: November 2004

The branching ratios [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are calculated in a model that treats [Formula: see text] annihilation as a two step process- [Formula: see text] annihilation by the 3P0 vertex followed by meson-meson rescattering. This model, successful for other branching ratios, is now found to grossly underestimate these particular ratios. A possible reason for this is given.
TEMPERATURE INDUCED CASIMIR EFFECT IN KALUZA-KLEIN SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES COMPACTIFIED ON TORUS
Authors: BYTSENKO A.A. , KTITOROV S.A.
Published: November 2004

The Casimir effect at finite temperature is studied for the supersymmetric field models and supermembranes in manifolds with topologies M=Rd−N×TN, N=1,…, d−1 and a natural number d≥4. For supersymmetric models infra-red and ultra-violet behavior of the one-loop free energy is regular contrarily to the supermembranes for which regularized free energy has ultra-violet divergences at critical Hagedorn temperature.
SUPERFIELD FORMALISM OF TOPOLOGICAL YANG-MILLS THEORY
Authors: DEGUCHI SHINICHI
Published: November 2004

Fields and their BRST transformations in the topological Yang-Mills theory are derived systematically using Bonora-Tonin’s superfield formalism. Anti-BRST transformations of the fields is also obtained. The differential forms which generate the Donaldson invariants and their recursive relations are natural consequences of the superfield formalism.
THE BEHAVIOR OF THE EFFECTIVE COUPLING CONSTANTS FOR E6 GUT IN CURVED SPACE-TIME
Authors: BUCHBINDER I.L. , ODINTSOV S.D. , FONAREV O.A.
Published: November 2004

The one-loop renormalization group equations for effective coupling constants corresponding to parameters of nonminimal coupling of scalars and gravitational field in E6 asymptotically free grand unification theory in curved space-time are obtained. The behavior of these effective coupling constants in strong gravitational field is investigated. In strong gravitational field, these effective coupling constants infinitely rise.
ISOTROPY OF THE ZERO-POINT FIELD IN A UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED FRAME
Authors: KANG G.W. , SEO J.K. , YEE J.H.
Published: November 2004

The angular dependence of the zero-point field energy of the massless scalar field in a uniformly accelerated frame is computed. The spectrum seen by the observer in the accelerated frame is shown to be isotropic and thus to be thermal.
THE ALEPH EXPERIMENT AT LEP
Authors: WU WEIMIN
Published: November 2004

The Large Electron-Positron storage ring(LEP) at CERN is expected to produce e+e− collisions with luminosities of the order of 1032 cm −2 s −1, at eight interaction points, initially at c.m. energies up to 100 GeV, later up to 200 GeV. Only the 4 even-numbered interaction regions will be equipped with experiments during the first phase of the LEP. ALEPH is one of these, and will be located in pit 4. Here we briefly report on the present design and construction of ALEPH, as well as on some test results obtained with prototypes, and Monte Carlo simulations.
DISCRETE SYMMETRIES FOR STABILIZING THE PROTON IN SU(N) GUTs AND THE CORRESPONDING PHENOMENOLOGY
Authors: HONGWEI YU , MIAN WANG , TUNG-SHENG TU
Published: November 2004

A systematic discussion of two mechanisms of discrete symmetry for stabilizing the proton in SU (N) GUTs is presented. The phenomenology of this kind of GUTs with a stable proton is analysed. We find that such GUTs predict observable B, L nonconservation such as, [Formula: see text] oscillation with a lifetime [Formula: see text] sec., e+e−→n+ missing energy, [Formula: see text] missing energy, etc. We also point out the possibility of observing some unexpected events predicted by such GUTs at SPS energies.
DIMENSION OF SPACE-TIME
Authors: SVOZIL KARL , ZEILINGER ANTON
Published: November 2004

In order to make it operationally accessible, it is proposed that the notion of the dimension of space-time be based on measure-theoretic concepts, thus admitting the possibility of noninteger dimensions. It is found then, that the Hausdorff covering procedure is operationally unrealizable because of the inherent finite space-time resolution of any real experiment. We therefore propose to define an operational dimension which, due to the quantum nature of the coverings, is smaller than the idealized Hausdorff dimension. As a consequence of the dimension of space-time less than four, relativistic quantum field theory becomes finite. Also, the radiative corrections of perturbation theory are sensitive on the actual value of the dimension 4–ε. Present experimental results and standard theoretical predictions for the electromagnetic moment of the electron seem to suggest a nonvanishing value for ε.
EXTENDED POINCARÉ SUPERSYMMETRY
Authors: STRATHDEE J.
Published: November 2004

Supersymmetric extensions of the Poincaré algebra in D-dimensional space-time are reviewed and a catalogue of their representations is developed. This catalogue includes all supermultiplets whose states carry helicity ≤ 2 in the massless cases and ≤ 1 in the massive cases.
A UNIQUE SU(5) AND SO(10) UNIFICATION WITH COMPLETE DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY BREAKING
Authors: KANG KYUNGSIK , WHITE ALAN R.
Published: November 2004

A unique asymptotically free, anomaly-free, SU(5) gauge theory is proposed as a possible complete unification of the standard model in which all symmetry-breaking is dynamical. The asymptotic freedom constraint is saturated, removing renormalon divergences and leaving well-defined instanton interactions as the only nonperturbative ingredient of the theory. Consequently, it is argued, topological vacuum polarization of a very heavy, unconventional quantum number, quark sector dominates the dynamics, producing SU(5) symmetry breaking and a three generation low energy spectrum. Electroweak symmetry breaking is due to a chiral condensate of color sextet quarks. The embedding of the theory in a single SO(10) representation is used for the dynamical analysis and may also have physical significance.
SUPERSTRING MODELS CHALLENGED BY RARE PROCESSES
Authors: CAMPBELL B. A. , ELLIS J. , ENQVIST K. , GAILLARD M. K. , NANOPOULOS D. V.
Published: November 2004

Superstring models compactified on Calabi–Yau manifolds contain additional matter fields and gauge bosons beyond those in the Standard Model. The new matter and gauge couplings would make additional contributions to conventional electroweak processes, generate extra flavor-changing neutral interactions, and mediate new interactions leading to proton decay and neutrino masses. We use the phenomenological constraints on such effects to derive upper bounds on Yukawa couplings in low-energy dynamical models inspired by the superstring. We draw attention to the processes which give the best bounds on new Yukawa couplings, and which are those where novel superstring effects might first appear as experimental sensitivity is improved. Our bounds are not sufficient to exclude most superstring models with additional light particles, but do suggest that some couplings are too small to realize certain scenarios for symmetry breaking by radiative corrections.
LATEST RESULTS FROM THE UA2 EXPERIMENT
Authors: PLOTHOW-BESCH H.
Published: November 2004

The decays W → e ν, Z → e + e - have been studied using the UA2 detector at the CERN [Formula: see text] Collider. Measurements of the Standard Model parameters from a sample of 251 W decays and 39 Z decays are compared with expectations of the Standard Electroweak Model. An upper limit on the number of light neutrino species is deduced from the cross — section ratio σ( W → e ν)/σ( Z → e + e -). A signal of the hadronic decay mode, [Formula: see text], is observed above the background of QCD produced di-jets.
Unification of Electroweak and Horizontal Interactions
Authors: Bagneid A. , Kuo T.K. , Nakagawa N.
Published: November 2004

For three generations of fermions, Sp L (6)× U Y (1) is proposed as the flavor gauge group which unifies the electroweak and horizontal interactions. The existence of another set of light (~ 1 TeV ), left-handed weak bosons is suggested.
UNUSUAL HYDRODYNAMICS
Authors: BEREZIN V.A.
Published: November 2004

A method for the phenomenological description of particle production is proposed. Correspondingly modified equations of motion and energy-momentum tensor are obtained. In order to illustrate this method we reconsider from the new point of view of (i) the C-field Hoyle-Narlikar cosmology, (ii) the influence of the particle production process on metric inside the event horizon of a charged black hole and (iii) a nonsingular cosmological model.
E6 PHENOMENOLOGY, A 3×3 MATRIX APPROACH
Authors: SERDAROGLU MERAL
Published: November 2004

A 3×3 matrix formalism for the E6 group is used to identify the generators of E6 with the extra U(1) low energy gauge groups considered in the context of superstring theories. The couplings between the gauge bosons, the fermions and the 27-Higgs field are discussed and a brief review of phenomenological results are given.
HOW QUARKS CONVERT INTO JETS AND WHAT A JET REVEALS ABOUT QUARKS—A REVIEW OF e+e−JETS
Authors: MÄTTIG P.
Published: November 2004

The measurements on properties of jets produced in e+e− collisions are reviewed. Special emphasis is given to the experimental information obtained on the space time development of jets and the evidence on coherent gluon emission. The recently published data on jets originating from a special kind of parton are summarized. The extraction of the properties of the original parton from jets is discussed.
STRING THEORY EFFECTIVE ACTION: STRING LOOP CORRECTIONS
Authors: TSEYTLIN A.A.
Published: November 2004

We discuss the general ideology of the computation of string loop corrections to the effective action for the massless modes of the string. Both the S-matrix and the sigma-model approaches are presented. It is emphasized that the effective action is a more general and better defined object than the S-matrix. In particular, it is finite in spite of modular infinities that may be present in loop amplitudes computed near a “wrong” vacuum. The case of the disc topology in the open-closed string theory is treated in some detail. Some issues concerning the soft dilaton vertex operators related to the infinities of the string amplitudes are disucssed.
SU(2) LATTICE GAUGE THEORY IN THE ELECTRIC-FIELD REPRESENTATION
Authors: PIEKAREWICZ J. , ZIRNBAUER M.R. , KOONIN S.E.
Published: November 2004

Hamiltonian SU(2) lattice gauge theory is formulated in an orthonormal and complete set of gauge-invariant eigenstates of the color-electric energy (electric-field basis). For a three-dimensional cubic lattice of linear extension L, these states are labeled by 6L3 quantum numbers: one gauge angular momentum for every link and three additional angular momenta specifying the intermediate couplings to a gauge singlet at every site. The Hamiltonian matrix elements in this basis are evaluated, and it is shown that the matrix elements of the color-magnetic energy carry an “irreducible” phase. We establish a representation of the independent-plaquette wave function in the electric-field basis as a sum over products of recoupling coefficients. Two applications to two space dimensions are given, demonstrating the feasibility of the present approach, and its extension to SU(3) is discussed.
GRASSMANN WAVE FUNCTIONS AND INTRINSIC SPIN
Authors: DELBOURGO R.
Published: November 2004

By associating spin angular momentum with Sp(2) transformations on two Grassmann coordinates, we show how one may formulate spinor wave functions in complete analogy to spherical harmonics for orbital momentum. The relativistic generalization requires a doubling of Grassmann coordinates and a connection may be established with the Dirac equation.
TESTING SOME PROPERTIES OF NEUTRAL CURRENT NEUTRINO INTERACTIONS IN NEUTRINO COUNTING REACTION
Authors: BABU P. RAM
Published: November 2004

We have considered the ‘neutrino counting’ reaction [Formula: see text]. We restrict to V, A Lorentz structure of weak neutral interaction (WNI), allow many Z bosons to mediate WNI and νi to be different from νj. We derive the expression for differential cross section by allowing the polarizations of e+ and e− but summing over the polarizations of final photons. From the study of differential cross section with polarized and unpolarized beams three different coupling constant combinations can be determined. A definite relation between these observables and the observables in [Formula: see text] scatterings is suggested as a test of single-Z-boson hypothesis. Similarly another test relates observables in [Formula: see text] to those of [Formula: see text] scatterings. By assuming universality a test for presence of nondiagonal neutrino neutral currents (NDνNC’s) is also pointed out. The effects of presence of wrong-handed (anti-) neutrinos on our tests are also discussed. As a by-product, we find a way to determine number of neutrino types, in the case i≠j, assuming universality.
ON THE HYPERMULTIPLET THEORIES
Authors: SAIDI E.H.
Published: November 2004

Using the harmonic superspace techniques, we show that the hypermultiplet [Formula: see text] can be either massive (massless) with or without central charges. We found that the HST hypermultiplet has a degenerate structure. In the case of the absence of central charges, the corresponding mass terms are constructed and they turn out to be similar to those obtained from central charges. A class of infinitesimal duality transformations for free hypermultiplet theory is given.
GSO PROJECTIONS OF MODULAR-INVARIANT APERIODIC STRINGS
Authors: LAM C.S.
Published: November 2004

Closed strings with aperiodic (twisted) boundary conditions and one-loop modular-invariant partition functions are studied. A systematic enumeration and prescription for obtaining all allowed GSO projections are given, thereby generalizing the known results for spin structures to orbifold and other strings whose boundary conditions are given by a product of q cyclic groups G = Zn1 × ⋯ × Znq. Before taking into account the required connection between spin and statistics, the number of allowed GSO projections is [Formula: see text], where Dij is the largest common divisor of ni and nj. After taking spin-statistics into account, the group structure must factorize into G=G0×G1, where G0 governs the spin structure and is a product of a number of Z2 groups, and G1 = Zm1 × ⋯ × Zmr now controls the orbifold and other compactification structures. The number of different GSO projections per spin structure is now given by [Formula: see text], where s is the number of even mA’s. There explicit formulas are used to derive systematically all the known ten-dimensional type II and rank-16 heterotic strings and some four-dimensional strings.
THE STANDARD MODEL AND PROTON-ANTIPROTON COLLIDERS IN THE ACOL/TEV I ERA
Authors: CUDELL J.R. , HALZEN F. , KIM C.S.
Published: November 2004

[Formula: see text] collider physicists must in the near future face the question: Is there life after Tristan, SLC, LEP, and HERA? We review the main topics of [Formula: see text] collider physics (jets, weak bosons, and heavy quarks) concentrating on physics issues unique to hadron colliders. We emphasize the search for top. After reviewing indirect information on the top mass (from electroweak radiative corrections, ratio of W(→eν) and Z(→e+e−) events and [Formula: see text] mixing) we discuss the unique opportunity to search a large fraction of the expected range 25 GeV <mt<200 GeV in higher energy (TEV I) and higher luminosity (ACOL) experiments.
EXACT SOLUTIONS OF NONLINEAR SU(N) PRINCIPAL σ-MODELS
Authors: KISS-TOTH TIBOR
Published: November 2004

The superpotential for n-step soliton solution is derived in the case of an arbitrary dimensional projector for axially symmetric, static solution of nonlinear principal SU (N) σ-models. This was done by using an inverse scattering method developed by Belinski and Zakharov. Finite energy solutions are constructed for all SU (N) one soliton solutions generated by a single step.
RELATIVISTIC THEORY OF GRAVITY
Authors: LOGUNOV A.A. , LOSKUTOV YU. M. , MESTVIRISHVILI M.A.
Published: November 2004

This paper presents a brief critical analysis of General Relativity Theory (GRT). It is shown that the theory, if accepted, leads to repudiation of a number of fundamental principles underlying physics. The article also presents the construction of Relativistic Theory of Gravitation (RTG) in which the gravitational field possesses all the attributes of physical fields and which concurs completely with the fundamental physical principles as well as with the available experimental and observational facts. It also considers the consequences of RTG, dealing, in particular, with the development of collapse and Universe evolution.
NEUTRINO MASSES IN SUPERSTRING THEORIES WITH INTERMEDIATE SCALES
Authors: SARKAR UTPAL , MANN ROBERT B.
Published: November 2004

Three generation superstring models require intermediate mass scales to be consistent with perturbative unification. We study the problem of neutrino masses in theories with intermediate mass scales which can evolve in the low energy limit of superstring theories.
THE HAMILTONIAN FORMALISM IN THE MODEL OF THE RELATIVISTIC STRING WITH RIGIDITY
Authors: NESTERENKO V.V. , HAN NGUYEN SUAN
Published: November 2004

The model of the bosonic string with the Nambu-Goto action extended by the term proportional to the external curvature of the world sheet is explored. The external curvature of the world sheet is determined by the second order derivatives of the string coordinates. Thus, a modified Lagrangian is the singular Lagrangian of second order. The canonical variables for this theory are introduced, constraints are found and the Hamiltonian formulation of the classical dynamics in this theory is constructed. The transition to the quantum theory is briefly discussed.
FIRST ORDER ACTIONS FOR GRAVITATIONAL SYSTEMS, STRINGS AND MEMBRANES
Authors: LINDSTRÖM U.
Published: November 2004

We discuss first order actions in general and the construction of first order actions by eliminating Lagrange multipliers in particular. A number of first order actions for gravitational theories are presented. Part of the article reviews first order actions, some of them well-known and some lesser known. New examples of first order actions include Weyl-invariant actions for membranes, with and without rigidity terms, as well as for Abelian and non-Abelian Born-Infeld actions in two dimensions.
MULTIPLE SCATTERING THEORY FOR INELASTIC PROCESSES
Authors: BRAUN V.M. , SHABELSKI YU. M.
Published: November 2004

The review is devoted to the description of inelastic interactions of composite systems in the framework of the multiple scattering approach. Quasielastic scattering and multiple hadron production processes are considered for hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energies. We show that important information on inelastic processes follows on very general grounds from the classification of various intermediate states in the elastic amplitude, as similarly AGK cutting rules arise for reggeon diagrams. Attention is mainly given to the appropriate technique, which is illustrated with several examples of increasing complexity. The general formalism for the inelastic screening corrections is presented and its particular applications to various reactions. The review does not aim at the systematic study of numerous versions of the multiple scattering calculus confronting each other and to the extensive experimental data. Instead, we concentrate on a few simple examples to make clear the underlying physics and to work out the needed machinery employed in practical calculations.
VERTEX OPERATOR REPRESENTATION OF OSp(M|N)(1)
Authors: FRAPPAT L.
Published: November 2004

Using the boson-fermion equivalence in 2-d conformal field theory and the boson-boson equivalence of the superconformal bosonic ghost fields of the string theory, we construct a level k=+1 representation of the affine superalgebra OSp (M|N)(1) in terms of vertex operators.
QUANTUM FIELD THEORY AND THE ANTIPODAL IDENTIFICATION OF SPACE TIME
Authors: DOMENECH G. , LEVINAS M.L. , SÁNCHEZ N.
Published: November 2004

We investigate the “elliptic interpretation” of space-time (identification of antipodal points or events) in anti-deSitter and in Rindler manifolds and its consequences for QFT. We compare and give a complete description of antipodal identification in space-times with and without event horizons. Antipodal identification relates the field theories on deSitter and on anti-deSitter spaces. In the “elliptic” Rindler manifold, imaginary time is periodic with period β/2 but the Green functions (for both identifications with and without “Conical singularity”) have period β. (Here β=2π/α, α is the acceleration.) Additional new properties for the Green functions are obtained and the new terms added to the stress tensor computed.
A REMARK ON B.R.S. TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: ŁOPUSZAŃSKI JAN
Published: November 2004

We scrutinize transformations constructed by taking the most general expressions consisting of terms of forms of the same degree in the fields A10, ν01, [Formula: see text], Q12 and F20 as well as operations d10 and s01, where the subscripts denote the degree of the forms in the x—and in the group parameter spaces. Imposing the requirement of nilpotence for d and s as well as Faddeev-Popov charge conservation we get a unique form of the B.R.S. transformation.
EXACT DYNAMIC THEORIES ON A GIVEN BACKGROUND IN GRAVITATION
Authors: POPOVA A.D. , PETROV A.N.
Published: November 2004

In any field theory the variables can always be decomposed into a sum of background and dynamic parts. We analyse exact dynamic theories in which the dynamic field is not small; an arbitrary theory of gravity is meant. In the initial theory the choice of variables is inessential. Dynamic theories constructed for different choices of initial variables which are then decomposed, turn out to be in a certain sense inequivalent. We show that the dynamic stress-energy tensors differ in terms that do not vanish on the solutions both background and dynamic equations of motion. This property is exact, i.e., it is valid irrespective of any approximations. We consider gauge invariance of dynamic theories under gauge transformations induced by finite displacements of the 4-space. We discuss peculiarities of dynamic theories in the Einstein theory with material fields as sources. In the case of flat background the differences in the stress-energy tensors reduce to a divergence of a superpotential.
FIRST- AND SECOND-CLASS CONSTRAINTS IN SUPER-BRST
Authors: SIEGEL W.
Published: November 2004

Using the recently obtained supersymmetric Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin transformations, we derive BRST- and supersymmetry-invariant equations which consist of the usual first- or second-class constraints plus ghost contributions. The ghost additions to the second-class constraints make them first-class.
CONFORMAL INVARIANCE OF EXTENDED SPINNING PARTICLE MECHANICS
Authors: SIEGEL W.
Published: November 2004

Howe, Penati, Pernici and Townsend have recently considered a mechanics action with extended, local, one-dimensional supersymmetry. We show this action is conformally invariant in arbitrary spacetime dimensions, and derive the corresponding quantum mechanical restriction on the Lorentz representations it describes.
ELECTROMAGNETIC PRODUCTION OF HYPERNUCLEI
Authors: COHEN JOSEPH
Published: November 2004

We review the results of recent studies and calculations of Λ-hypernuclear excitations via electromagnetic probes [the (e, e′K+) and (γ, K+) reactions]. After discussing the importance of the probe, we present and analyze the theoretical features of a model (based on Feynman diagrams) for studying the process. The special kinematics of the nuclear (e, e′K+) reaction, involving high momentum transfers, is discussed. We then present cross section calculations. Using first a nonrelativistic nuclear structure model, we present results for the exclusive and inclusive electromagnetic hypernuclear excitations and for a large range of nuclear masses. Next, we calculate cross sections using the fully-relativistic form of the transition operator and relativistic Dirac-nuclear-and hypernuclear- structure model. In this context, we analyze the effects of the large scalar and vector potentials of the relativistic model and of the Dirac-spinor wave functions of the proton and the Λ-hyperon, on the calculated quantity. The relativistic-model calculations are presented for both pseudoscalar (PS) and pseudovector (PV) KNΛ vertex couplings and we discuss in detail the different theoretical predictions obtained in the two cases. Throughout the paper, we emphasize several uncertainties regarding the determination of coupling constants, PS vs PV coupling schemes, and relativistic uncertainties. Finally, we present technical and experimental considerations for the study of the (e, e′K+) and (γ, K+) reactions at the continuous electron beam accelerator facility (CEBAF), which is currently under construction in Newport News, Virginia.
THE NAMBU-GOTO STRING: ITS PHASE-SPACE PATH-INTEGRAL
Authors: GOVAERTS JAN
Published: November 2004

Using the Batalin-Fradkin-Vilkovisky formalism for constrained systems, the space-phase path-integral representation of the free bosonic string propagator is considered and compared with the Polyakov approach. A Gribov problem exists for this system with the consequence that the integration measure over modular space is left undetermined. We initially consider the case of the scalar particle with special emphasis on analogies with the string case. The question of Wick rotations in modular space is also discussed.
GAUGE FIELDS ON TORUS AND PARTITION FUNCTION OF STRINGS
Authors: NAKAMURA A. , SHIRAISHI K.
Published: November 2004

In this paper we consider the interrelation between compactified string theories on torus and gauge fields on it. We start from open string theories with background gauge fields and derive partition functions by path integral. Since the effects of background fields and compactification correlate only through string zero modes, we investigate these zero modes. From this point of view, we discuss the Wilson loop mechanism at finite temperature. For the closed string, only a few comments are mentioned.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE EQUATION OF STATE FOR HADRONIC MATTER WITHIN THE STRING MODEL
Authors: SAILER K. , MÜLLER B. , GREINER W.
Published: November 2004

The mass spectrum of classical open bosonic strings and the equation of state of their ideal gas has been found by means of numerical simulation. The mass spectrum obtained has an exponential asymptotic behavior and is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data on hadronic resonances. It has been established that the temperature of the ideal gas of classical open bosonic strings cannot exceed a maximal value determined by the asymptotic behavior of the mass spectrum.
INTEGRABILITY AND SYMMETRIC SPACES II: THE COSET SPACES
Authors: FERREIRA L. A.
Published: November 2004

It is shown that a sufficient condition for a model describing the motion of a particle on a coset space to possess a Fundamental Poisson bracket Relation, and consequently charges in involution, is that it must be a symmetric space. The conditions, a Hamiltonian, or any functions of the canonical variables, has to satisfy in order to commute with these charges, are studied. It is shown that, for the case of the noncompact symmetric spaces, these conditions lead to an algebraic structure which plays an important role in the construction of conserved quantities.
THE STANDARD MODEL WITH THREE GENERATIONS: CLOSING IN ON THE TOP QUARK MASS
Authors: HALZEN F. , KIM C. S. , PAKVASA S.
Published: November 2004

Within the standard model with three generations we fit the top quark mass mt by combining experimental information of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mixing, CP-violation in K decay and the ratio Γ(W)/Γ(Z) extracted from [Formula: see text] collider data. We conclude that [Formula: see text] where the "systematic error" associated with theoretical ambiguities in performing the calculations is likely to be significantly larger than the quoted 10 GeV error associated with input parameters and experimental data. The anticipated value essentially guarantees the discovery of the top quark by existing experiments. Failure to discover it should force us to reconsider generally accepted calculational procedures before it signals new physics beyond the standard model. We discuss this in some detail.
GN ⊗ GL/GN+L CONFORMAL FIELD THEORIES AND THEIR MODULAR INVARIANT PARTITION FUNCTIONS
Authors: CHRISTE P. , RAVANINI F.
Published: November 2004

We study a Feigin-Fuchs construction of conformal field theories based on a G ⊗ G/G coset space, in terms of screened bosons and parafermions. This allows us to get the formula for the conformal dimensions of primary operators. Lists of modular invariant partition functions for the SU(3), SO(5) and G2 Wess-Zumino-Witten models are given. Besides the principal series of diagonal invariants, a complementary series exists for SU(3) and SO(5), which is due to the outer automorphism of the Kac-Moody algebra. Moreover, exceptional solutions appear at levels 5, 9, 21 for SU(3), at levels 3, 7, 12 for SO(5) and at levels 3, 4 for G2. From these modular invariants, those for the corresponding GN ⊗ GL/GN+L models are constructed.
$p\bar p$ COLLIDER PHYSICS AT CERN: PRESENT AND PROSPECTS
Authors: JACOB M.
Published: November 2004

Recent results originating from the [Formula: see text] collider at CERN are reviewed. The tests of the Standard Model provided by the present results are discussed. When reviewing prospects, emphasis is put on the relative potentials of the CERN program and of the Fermilab Tevatron program.
TRIVIALITY OF THE HIGGS FIELD
Authors: HUANG KERSON
Published: November 2004

We give a critical review of the "triviality" of the λϕ4 theory, i.e., the vanishing of the renormalized self-coupling. Evidence from perturbation theory and Monte-Carlo simulations are cited. It is noted that (a) the theory is "trivial" but not entirely free, for there is spontaneous symmetry breaking; (b) perturbation theory is unreliable. Soluble examples with similar behavior are compared, in particular the Lee model and the 3D δ function potential. The latter case is especially important, for it shows that triviality is a symptom that the interaction is too singular, and suggests a cure. The import for the Higgs sector of the standard model is discussed. It is argued that, like the Fermi pseudopotential, the Higgs field is a long-wavelength approximation that should be used in lowest order perturbation theory only.
VECTOR AND AXIAL-VECTOR BOUND STATES FROM A STRONGLY INTERACTING ELECTROWEAK SECTOR
Authors: CASALBUONI R. , DE CURTIS S. , DOMINICI D. , FERUGLIO F. , GATTO R.
Published: November 2004

The possibility that both vector and axial-vector bound states could originate from a strong interacting sector of the electroweak theory is considered. A simple Lagrangian parametrization is presented where the bound states are described as gauge vector bosons of a local, nonlinearly realized, SU (2) ⊗ SU (2) symmetry. At present the model is mostly constrained from data on W and Z masses and on neutrino-nucleon deep inelastic scattering. High energy e+e− tests are suggested where visible deviations from the standard model predictions could take place. These deviations exhibit a certain pattern which allows to distinguish the model from other theoretical frameworks. We find that precise measurements of W and Z masses and asymmetries in e+e− collisions could put strong restrictions on the parameters of the model if no appreciable deviations are found from the standard model, except for a case with the vector and axial-vector bosons degenerate in mass and coupling. General differences with respect to technicolor are pointed out.
N = 2 SUPERCONFORMAL MINIMAL MODELS
Authors: MUSSARDO G. , SOTKOV G. , STANISHKOV M.
Published: November 2004

Fusion rules, structure constants and 4-point functions for all the fields in the Neveu-Schwarz, Ramond and twisted sectors of N = 2 minimal models are presented. It is shown that the additional Zp+2 symmetries of these models are generated by specific chiral N = 2 superfields. The structure of the corresponding N = 2 superparafermionic models is discussed.
SIGMA MODEL APPROACH TO STRING THEORY
Authors: TSEYTLIN A.A.
Published: November 2004

A review of the σ-model approach to derivation of effective string equations of motion for the massless fields is presented. We limit our consideration to the case of the tree approximation in the closed Bose string theory.
THE EQUIVALENCE OF WESS-ZUMINO MODELS WITH FREE THEORIES
Authors: ASHWORTH R.M.
Published: November 2004

The representation of the primary fields of Wess-Zumino models in terms of the vertex operator construction is considered and a necessary condition for this to be possible is given. It is seen that of the Wess-Zumino models having a level one Kac-Moody algebra only those corresponding to the simply laced algebras ÂN,1, [Formula: see text]Ê6,1, Ê7,1, and Ê8,1 as well as û(1) are fully representable in terms of the vertex operator construction. Only one multiplet each of the primary fields of the [Formula: see text] and ĈN,1 Wess-Zumino models can be represented in this way where as none of the multiplets of the Ĝ2,1 and [Formula: see text] models can. A necessary condition is given for the primary fields of Wess-Zumino models to be representable as vertex operators when their current algebras are a conformal subalgebra of the simply laced level one algebras and this is used to show that only the SO(N) and U(N) Wess-Zumino models already known about correspond to free fermion theories.
THE GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES OF BERRY’S PHASE
Authors: GILER S. , KOSIŃSKI P. , SZYMANOWSKI L.
Published: November 2004

Using the spectral decomposition of the Hamiltonian, we clarify the relationship of Berry’s effect with the parallel transport in the parameter space of this Hamiltonian. We derive the necessary and sufficient conditions under which this parallel transport is described by a natural, Riemannian connection. The considerations are illustrated by several examples.
THE PRINCIPLE OF MINIMAL SENSITIVITY APPLIED TO A NEW PERTURBATIVE SCHEME IN QUANTUM FIELD THEORY
Authors: JONES H. F. , MONOYIOS M.
Published: November 2004

A recently proposed perturbative method for solving a self-interacting scalar φ4 field theory consists of writing the interaction as gφ2(1+δ) and expanding in powers of δ. The method contains an ambiguity in so far as one could modify the interaction Lagrangian by a factor λ(1−δ). The truncated expansion depends on the unphysical parameter, whereas the exact result does not. We exploit this ambiguity by assigning to λ the value for which the truncated result is stationary, thus minimizing its sensitivity to λ. The technique is applied to field theories in zero-and one-dimensional space-times and gives improved accuracy as compared to fixed λ.
POSITIVE ENERGY VIA THE TELEPARALLEL HAMILTONIAN
Authors: NESTER JAMES M.
Published: November 2004

The canonical analysis of the teleparallel form of Einstein’s gravitational theory is discussed. For teleparallel theories of gravity the Hamiltonian density is mostly quadratic and the flux integrand at spatial infinity for the conserved total energy-momentum is quite naturally fully 4-covariant. These features plus a rotational gauge condition allow us to obtain a new, strictly tensorial, proof of the positivity of total energy for Einstein gravity from its teleparallel formulation. The Schwarzschild solution is used to provide insight into the proof and its various allowed positive “localizations” of gravitational energy.
GROUP MANIFOLD DERIVATION OF CANONICAL THEORIES
Authors: NELSON J.E. , REGGE T.
Published: November 2004

The covariant canonical formalism previously developed supplemented by gauge fixing conditions leads naturally to corresponding component theories. We illustrate the method by deriving the “new variables” theory of Ashtekar, and the standard canonical tetrad theory. The method does not use the spinor formalism.
CONFINEMENT AND QUARK STRUCTURE OF LIGHT HADRONS
Authors: EFIMOV G. V. , IVANOV M. A.
Published: November 2004

We present a quark confinement model (QCM) for the description of the low energy physics of light hadrons (meson and baryons). The model is based on two hypotheses. First, the quark confinement is realized as averaging over some vacuum gluon fields which are believed to provide the confinement of any color objects. Second, hadrons are treated as collective colorless excitations of quark-gluon interactions. The description of strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions of mesons and baryons at the low energy is given from a unique point of view.
THE t-EXPANSION AND HAMILTONIAN LATTICE QCD
Authors: HORN D.
Published: November 2004

The t-expansion is a tool designed to improve on any variational calculation of a quantum theory. It is designed to produce the correct volume behavior of operators appearing in lattice models. We review its formulation and discuss the techniques used for its analysis by testing it on the solvable Heisenberg model in 1+1 dimensions. We discuss its application to the SU(3) lattice gauge theory in 3+1 space-time dimensions. Starting with strong coupling wave functions we investigate the pure glue sector. We review the calculations of the energy-density, the string-tension and several glueball masses. The scalar 0++ glueball follows from the same calculation as the energy-density. The other glueballs which. we study, with the JPC quantum numbers of 1+−, 0−−, 1−− and 2−− are constructed by using wave-functions corresponding to appropriate representations of the cubic symmetry group. Estimates of their physical masses, as obtained from studies of scaling ratios, are presented and discussed. It is quite straightforward to incorporate dynamical quarks in the model. We point out some qualitative features of the structure of the vacuum and the phase transition at high baryon density. Spectra of hadrons including quarks have not yet been calculated with these techniques but the glueball results indicate that this is a viable analytic method for the study of lattice QCD.
THE CLASSICAL HARMONIC OSCILLATOR ON GALOIS AND P-ADIC FIELDS
Authors: MEURICE YANNICK
Published: November 2004

Starting from a difference equation corresponding to the harmonic oscillator, we discuss various properties of the classical motion (cycles, conserved quantity, boundedness, continuum limit) when the dynamical variables take their values on Galois or p-adic fields. We show that these properties can be applied as a technical tool to calculate the motion on the real numbers. On the other hand, we also give an example where the motions over Galois and p-adic fields have a direct physical interpretation. Some perspectives for quantum field theory and strings are briefly discussed.
FUNCTIONAL INTEGRAL METHODS FOR FERMIONIC STRING AND SUPER RIEMANN SURFACES
Authors: HAMADA KEN-JI , TAKAO MASARU
Published: November 2004

We investigate the light-cone gauge formulation of fermionic string of Mandelstam in a superspace. To formulate the fermionic string in a superspace, we use the theory of super Riemann surfaces (SRS). We define the Neumann functions and the Mandelstam mappings in a superspace by means of the so-called Abelian differentials of the first and the third kinds on SRS. In the super Schottky parametrization of SRS these superdifferentials are constructed at the multiloop level. The functional integral measure of a super light-cone diagram, which consists of 6g−6+2N even moduli parameters and 4g−4+2N odd ones, are specified in our formulation. In one-loop case with even spin structures we explicitly evaluate the superdeterminants on the super light-cone diagrams and calculate the one-loop amplitudes with N massless vector states. It is shown that the result is written in the form of a correlation function of the vertex operators. Furthermore, we evaluate the 3- and 4-particle amplitudes explicitly, which agree exactly with those calculated in the Green-Schwarz formulation.