bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Guoxuan , Wang Zihan , Qu Xiang , Zhang Zhongtao
Published: December 2019

Objective The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine prognostic roles of the total tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or subtypes of TILs (CD4+, CD8+, and FOSP3+) for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identified eligible articles before August 2019. Study screening, data extraction, and risk of bias were performed by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias on study level was assessed using an approach based on the ROBINS I tool and the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. We performed meta-analyses to obtain a pooled estimate of the prognostic role of TILS using Review Manager 5.3.Results There was total of 37 studies included in the final analysis. Compared to TNBC patients with poor TILs, TNBC patients with rich TILs had a higher pCR to treatments (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.43-3.19). Along with per 10% increase of the TILs, patients with TNBC had an increased pCR (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.16). Compared to TNBC patients with poor TILs, patients with rich TILs had a better OS (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.48-0.71) and DFS (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.57-0.76). Addition to, along with a continuous increase of the TILs, patients with TNBC had improved OS (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.93) and DFS (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.90-0.95) as well. CD4+TILs subgroup (rich vs. poor) showed a better OS (HR 0.49, 95%CI 0.32-0.76) and DFS (HR 0.54, 95%CI 0.36-0.80). CD8+TILs subgroup (rich vs. poor) showed a better DFS (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38-0.81), but no statistical association was found with OS (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.46-1.06). FOXP3+TILs subgroup (rich vs. poor) showed a better DFS (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.33-0.75), but no statistical association was found with OS (HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.24-6.88).Conclusion TNBC with higher levels of TILs showed better short-term and long-term prognosis. The phenotypes of TILs (CD4+TILs, CD8+TILs, and FOXP3+TILs) had positive prediction for long-term prognosis for TNBC.
The association between physicians’presenteeism and job burnout: a cross-sectional survey study in China
Authors: pei pei , Lin Guohua , Li Gaojie , Zhu Yifan , Xi Xiaoyu
Published: December 2019

Background: Research shows that physicians often report job burnout and have a high level of presenteeism, but few studies concerns the relationship between job burnout and presenteeism. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between physicians’ presenteeism and three dimensions of job burnout in China, and to identify aspects that can help alleviate presenteeism. Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving physicians in second-and third-class medical institutions was conducted in the interior of China. Using a single presenteeism questionnaire and a 15-item Chinese version of the BMI-GS questionnaire, this study investigated prevalence of physicians' presenteeism behavior and job burnout in three dimensions, and determined the relationship between presenteeism and job burnout by logistical model. Results: Relationships between presenteeism and three dimensions of job burnout were explored, and the influence of demography and work factors were evaluated. The survey was completed by 1376/1547 hospital doctors, with a response rate of 88.9%. 30.7%(n=422) of the subjects reported having presenteeism behavior. Using MBI-GS, 86.8%(n=1195) of physicians were moderately burnout and 6.0%(n=82) were severely job burnout. Logistic regression analysis showed that physicians with moderate, severe emotional exhaustion and severe cynicism were more likely to engage in presenteeism (all p < 0.05). In addition, two other work-related factors, including the physician's department and position, were also more likely to influence their presenteeism (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: At present, there is quite presenteeism among physicians in the second-and third-class medical institutions in China, which is significantly related to emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Considering the modifiable job-related factors, health care institutions must take appropriate measures to relieve physicians' job burnout, help them adjust their self-awareness properly, and ensure occupational mental health to alleviate the prevalence of presenteeism. Keywords: presenteeism, job burnout, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, physicians
Undesirable Perioperative Anesthesia Outcomes at Two National Referral Hospitals, a cross sectional study in Eritrea
Authors: Andemeskel Yonatan Mehari , Elsholz Traudl , Gebreyohannes Ghidey , Tesfamariam Eyasu H.
Published: December 2019

Background: Perioperative undesirable anesthesia outcomes are common among patients undergoing surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of undesirable anaesthesia outcomes during the perioperative period. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted on 470 patient who underwent different types of surgeries at two National Referral Hospitals with in a three month period. Patients were interviewed 24 hours after operation using the dimension “Discomfort and needs” of the Leiden preoperative care patient satisfaction questionnaire (LPPSq). Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS (version 22) to compute the percentage of occurrence of these undesirable outcomes. Odds ratio was computed using logistic regression to look for the association of the outcomes with the type of surgery and type of anesthesia. Statistical significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of these outcomes was computed in two sequences; prevalence A and prevalence B. Of all the outcomes, post-operative pain was found to be the most prevalent outcome scoring 82.6% and 43.6% consecutively in both prevalence with a median score of 1. The rest of the post-operative side effects were less frequently reported with a median score of 0. In those who did general surgery, sore throat was observed 5.49 times more among those who took general anesthesia (p <0.001). The occurrence of nausea and vomiting was also higher among the same patients in which nausea occurred 1.74 times more (p<0.05) and vomiting 2.03 more (p<0.05). While back pain occurred 51% less among these patients (p <0.05). In those patients who had orthopedic surgeries significant differences was observed only in the occurrences of sore throat in which it was experienced 5.37 times more (p<0.01) by those patients who took general anaesthesia. While in those patients who did gyn/obs surgery, the occurrence of back pain was significant in which was 67% higher among those who took general anaesthesia Conclusion: The experience of undesirable anesthesia outcomes is generally low except for postoperative pain. More emphasis is needed on the management of postoperative pain. Keywords: Leiden preoperative care patient satisfaction questionnaire (LPPSq), Perioperative care, Surgery, Undesirable anesthesia outcomes.
Low district economic performance presents strong oral health determinant in preschool children: country level analysis
Authors: Vukovic Ana , Soldatovic Ivan , Vukovic Rade , Peric Tamara , Campus Guglielmo , Markovic Dejan
Published: December 2019

Background: Having in mind that macro level factors such as social, political and economic determinants strongly impact occurrence of chronic NCDs, it might be beneficial to enlarge scarce level of data on the influence of these factors on children’s oral health. The aim of the present study was to test association between macro level factors and oral health in a nationally representative sample of preschoolers involving all preschooler’s age groups from the beginning to compulsory Preschool Preparatory Program. Method: Oral health data derived from cross sectional study involving nationally representative sample of preschool children. Dependent, oral health variables included prevalence of primary teeth caries, untreated caries, and caries on permanent first molars. Data on macro level factors included regional information on economic, population, and healthcare factors: population density, density of physicians and dentists, district share in national gross domestic product (GDP), social and health care expenditures, local self-government budget, employment rate in public, private and agricultural sector. In order to have nationally representative sample we used stratified cluster sampling method proposed by World Health Organization. Results: Final sample included 1665 preschoolers aged 36 to 91 months. Observed prevalence of ECC was 57.8%. Of these, 90.4% had untreated caries. Furthermore, 11.1% of examined preschoolers already had lesions on permanent first molar. All ECC related oral health outcomes were statistically significantly associated with regional social economic indicators – poor oral health was more frequently observed in regions and districts with lower economic performance. Conclusions: The results of this study displayed first nationally representative data on prevalence of primary teeth caries in preschool children. Noteworthy findings confirmed highly statistically significant association of economic macro level factors with prevalence of primary teeth caries, untreated caries, and caries on permanent first molars. Upstream preventive interventions especially targeted at population living in districts with lower economic indicators might seem as most appropriate strategy.
Intelligent Cloud Workflow Management and Scheduling Method for Big Data Applications
Authors: Hu Yannian , Wang Hui , Ma Wenge
Published: December 2019

With the application and comprehensive development of big data, the need for effective research on cloud workflow management and scheduling is becoming more and more urgent. However, there are currently suitable methods for effective analysis. In order to find out how to effectively manage and schedule smart cloud workflows, the article studies big data from different aspects and draws the following conclusions: Compared with the original JStorm system, the average response time is shortened by up to 58.26%, and the average is shortened. 23.18%; CPU resource utilization increased by 17.96%, an average increase of 11.39%; memory utilization increased by 88.7%, an average increase of 71.16%. In optimizing the dynamic combination of web services, the overall performance of MOACO algorithm and CCA algorithm is better than GA algorithm, and the average performance of MOACO algorithm is better than CCA algorithm. The paper also proposes a cloud workflow scheduling strategy based on intelligent algorithms and adjusting the perceived cloud service resource combination strategy to realize two-layer scheduling of cloud workflow tasks. We have studied three representative intelligent algorithms (ACO algorithm, PSO algorithm and GA algorithm) and designed and improved them for scheduling optimization. It can be clearly seen that in the same scenario, in different test cases the optimal values of the different algorithms vary greatly. However, the optimal solution curve is substantially consistent with the trend of the mean curve.
THE EAGLE JUGULAR SYNDROME
Authors: Zamboni Paolo , Scerrati Alba , Menegatti Erica , Galeotti Roberto , Lapparelli Marcello , Traina Luca , Tessari Mirko , Ciorba Andrea , De Bonis Pasquale , Pelucchi Stefano
Published: December 2019

Background : The elongation of the styloid process is historically associated with two variants of the Eagle syndrome. The classic one, mainly characterized by pain and dysphagia, and the carotid variant characterized by pain and sometimes by cerebral ischemia. We observed a further variant characterized by a styloid elongation coursing adjacent to the transverse process of C1, causing significant compression of the internal jugular vein.
Methods : We reviewed all the cases of Eagle syndrome, including the jugular variant, admitted in our Hospital in the last six years.
We compared symptomatology, associated comorbidities and imaging. Data were statistically analyzed.
Results : Overall 23 patients were admitted to the Hospital for symptomatic elongation of the styloid process, 11 male and 12 females. The jugular variant of the Eagle syndrome is clinically delineated by significant differences, as compared to the classic variant and carotid variants. Headache was the more prominent symptom (p<.009) as well as a documented peri-mesencephalic hemorrhage was the more significant comorbidity (p<.0003). The group classic-carotid variant was characterized by ipsilateral pain respect to the jugular variant (p<.0003). CT angiography with venous phase extended to the neck veins and imaging reconstruction is highly recommended as imaging technique, complemented by color-Doppler ultrasound.
Conclusions : The elongation of the styloid process may have different paths which creates compression on the surrounding anatomical structures. There may be a possible association of jugular impingement by an elongated styloid process with symptoms.
The Role and Impact of Merger & Acquisition of Banking Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Kishwar A. , Ullah A.
Published: December 2019

Authors:
Kishwar Ali, School of Finance, Zhongnan University of Economics & Law, Wuhan, China
Atta Ullah, School of management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
Pages: 113-121
DOI: http://doi.org/10.21272/fmir.3(3).113-121.2019

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Abstract

The paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments in the scientific discussion on determining the effects of mergers and acquisitions for banking institutions. The purpose of this article is to conduct an empirical study to identify the nature of the impact of mergers and acquisitions on Pakistan’s financial sector performance. The research in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: a thorough literature review on the analysis of key aspects of mergers and acquisitions and their impact on the financial and economic performance of banks before and after their practical implementation; the historical basis of the experience of mergers and acquisitions caused by various economic factors, such as: GDP growth, interest rates on loans, monetary policy; financial analysis of bank profitability, solvency and liquidity indicators before and after the merger and acquisition was conducted. Five commercial banks of Pakistan that were involved in the merger and acquisition processes were selected as the subject of study. The study period is presented before and after the merger and includes two years before the acquisition report and two years after the acquisition announcement by analysis of financial ratios of liquidity, solvency and profitability. The results of empirical and theoretical research have shown that there is a positive relationship between merger and acquisition processes and liquidity ratios of banking institutions; and – the negative impact of such processes on banks’ profitability and solvency in the short term. The author states that the main limitation of the study is the unavailability of financial data until 2006 and the use of a small sample size and a low likelihood of data collection technique, which is limited by a certain type of people and lack of generalization.
Keywords: merger, acquisition, bank, solvency risk, liquidity, profitability.
Financial and economic aspects of Ceylon Tea Industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasundera Manik
Published: December 2019

The functioning of the tea industry forms the main source of revenue for Sri Lanka’s budget, which is now ranked as the world’s fourth largest tea producer and second largest exporter. About 20% of the world’s tea products are sourced from Sri Lanka. The key objective of this study is to analyze the financial and economic aspects in the context of studying the peculiarities of sales of tea production enterprises. The research of this question in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: the specifics of the process of making tea products are studied; the historical aspects of the formation and development of the tea industry in Sri Lanka; identified the main directions of state policy in terms of functioning of tea production enterprises; Key aspects of the pricing and marketing policy of the tea industry have been analyzed; features of implementation of export mechanisms are indicated. The article focuses on the system of taxation by the government of the tea industry, taxes in the context of which are designed to redistribute gross domestic revenue in accordance with priority directions of state social policy. The paper notes that the Government of Sri Lanka has now implemented subsidy mechanisms for tea companies: 1) subsidy for the modernization of production facilities in the long run; 2) subsidy for the development of the tea industry to improve the efficiency of tea processing and its transformation into other varieties; 3) short-term subsidy, which insures against falling tea prices or rising raw material costs; 4) marketing subsidies in the form of tea promotion grants, discounts on import duties and grants from the Export Development Board. The study made it possible for the authors to summarize the following: in 2019, there is a gradual fragmentation of land and a shortage of skilled labor in the Sri Lankan tea industry; state policy to support the tea sector will in the long run allow for appropriate reforms and mechanisms for regulating aspects of the tea industry (adjusting exports and imports, pricing systems, subsidy programs, state land redistribution programs).
Keywords: government policy, pricing, sales mechanisms, exports, income and losses, tea industry.
The Influence of Waiting Lines Management on Customer Satisfaction in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Zemene Desta , Tewedros Hiluf Belete
Published: December 2019

The main objective of the study is to find out how queue management affects the level of customer satisfaction in the case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. The study tried to discover the impact of queue management in the Bank on the behavior of consumers the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: the nature and impact of queue management on customer satisfaction, evaluation of queue management mechanisms used, the key problems that face commercial Bank of Ethiopia in the implementation and administering of queue management. The methodological tools of the work include: the method of questioning (to collect primary information from both the client base and operational managers), descriptive statistics and STATA (for data analysis based on analytical statistical tools – frequency distribution tables, cross-tabulation), regression model (to determine the influence of independent variables on the dependent value). Independent factors are presented by the author in the form of waiting environment, perception of waiting time, the information provided to the client from the commercial Bank and queue discipline, dependent indicator – the level of customer satisfaction. As a result of the study, the author concludes that the majority of clients of the commercial Bank of Ethiopia are not satisfied with the current mechanisms of the queue management. The paper states that the key factor influencing customer satisfaction is the waiting time. The study empirically confirms that the Bank’s customers are not satisfied with the information that comes into the waiting room, and the conditions of waiting in banks. The author states the following reasons for dissatisfaction with the mechanisms of queue management on the part of customers: the use of a physical bank, manual queue measurement systems, poor-quality Internet banking, and mobile banking. The paper substantiates recommendations for Ethiopian commercial banks to increase their additional investment in queue management mechanisms, which will contribute to increasing customer satisfaction through the introduction of warning and alarm systems, the use of interactive communication, and advertising on television screens.
Keywords: Commercial Bank, Customer satisfaction, Queue management mechanisms.
Features of the EU and Ukraine’s debt policy
Authors: Chugunov Igor , Makohon Valentyna , Markuts Yuliya
Published: December 2019

The world economic globalization determines the feasibility of rethinking fiscal system knowledge on the formation and implementation of debt policy in the countries with transformation and advanced economies. In order to improve the system of public administration, the proper level of financing of innovation-investment projects, the important task is to improve the effectiveness of debt policy instruments and to ensure the consistency of its components. This article describes the essence of debt policy. The features of formation and implementation of the EU and Ukraine’s debt policy in the public administration system are defined in the context of institutional transformations. The authors assess the share of gross debt of the EU countries and the sovereign debt of Ukraine in GDP; conduct a regression analysis of the impact of public debt in GDP on real GDP growth in Ukraine. The article discusses the debt policy tasks, summarizes and systematizes the approaches to its implementation in different countries. The authors identify the features of public debt management strategies in terms of marginal indicators of the budget deficit, public debt, and instruments for improving the effectiveness of the public debt management system. The impact of debt policy on country’s financial and economic security is substantiated.
Ascensão chinesa e reconfiguração da disputa central de poder contemporânea:
Authors: Marinho Frederico Almeida Castro
Published: December 2019

As relações internacionais contemporâneas são estruturadas e influenciadas por uma correlação de poder distinta da predominante na esteira do final da Guerra Fria e dos anos imediatamente subsequentes àquele momento histórico. Aspecto marcante é a ascensão da China, cujo acúmulo de poder a coloca como ator essencial para a reestruturação do sistema internacional, o que contrasta o poder hegemônico norte-americano. Essa situação favorece a conformação de novos espaços de concertação para ocupação e projeção de poder, nos quais se observa o adensamento das relações entre países não desenvolvidos, no âmbito da formulação do conceito de Sul Global. Esse processo de consolidação da China como polo depoder e da singularidade dessa inserção no sistema internacional nos últimos anos suscitou a ideia de um Consenso de Pequim como alternativa aos Estados Unidos, leitura com uma conotação pejorativa de dominação em relação aos países do Sul Global. Assim, por meio de fundamentação teórica baseada no Realismo Ofensivo e na perspectiva do Poder Global, centra-se prisma investigativo na Política Externa Brasileira, com o objetivo de analisar os desdobramentos desse processo e suas implicações para a projeção brasileira de poder na dimensão regional sul-americana nos últimos anos.
KANDUNGAN BUAH-BUAHAN DALAM ALQUR’AN: BUAH TIN (Ficus carica L), ZAITUN (Olea europea L), DELIMA (Punica granatum L), ANGGUR (Vitis vinivera L), DAN KURMA (Phoenix dactylifera L) UNTUK KESEHATAN
Authors: Khasanah Nur
Published: December 2019

Aneka ragam buah-buahan segar diciptakan Sang Khalik untuk umat manusia. Di antara sekian banyak buah-buahan itu, salah satu yang disebutkan Allah SWT dalam Alquran. Adalah buah tin, zaitun, delima, anggur, dan kurma. Untuk itulah kita sebagai muslim perlu men- getahui zat-zat  yang terkandung dalam buah tersebut, se- hingga dapat memanfaatkan buah tersebut dengan sebaik- baiknya. Tidak ada sekecil apa pun Allah ciptaan jika tidak membawa kemanfaatan bagi manusia.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING DENGAN VIDEO COMPACT DISK UNTUK MENCAPAI KOMPETENSI DASAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI MTs
Authors: S Saminanto
Published: December 2019

Matematika adalah mata pelajaran yang diajarkan dari jenjang pendidikan dasar sampai pendidikan menengah. Selain mempunyai sifat yang abstrak, pemahaman konsep matematika yang baik sangatlah penting karena untuk me- mahami konsep yang baru diperlukan prasarat pemaha- man konsep sebelumnya. Dalam proses belajar mengajar guru mempunyai tugas untuk memilih model pembelaja- ran berikut media yang tepat sesuai dengan materi yang disampaikan demi tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran. Sam- pai saat ini masih banyak ditemui kesulitan siswa untuk mempelajari konsep geometri, antara lain tentang persegi panjang dan persegi pada siswa kelas VII semester 2. Aki- batnya terjadi kesulitan siswa untuk memahami konsep geometri selanjutnya karena konsep prasarat belum dipa- hami. Model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving dengan Media Video Compact Disk sangat dimungkinkan bisa menin- gkatkan pemahaman konsep, keaktifan, dan hasil belajar siswa. Model  pembelajaran  ini  dapat  dijadikan  alternatif  pada pembelajaran matematika karena sesuai dengan karak- teristik matematika dan tuntutan Kurikulum 2006. Peneli- tian tindakan kelas/penelitian perbaikan pembelajaran ini mengambil obyek Kota Semarang, dan mengambil sampel di MTsN 1 Kota Semarang. Data yang diperoleh diolah se- cara deskriptif.Pelaksanaan penelitian dibagi dalam dua siklus, yang tiap siklusnya terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pen- gamatan dan refleksi. Hasil pengamatan dan refleksi akan dijadikan bahan rujukan untuk pelaksanaan siklus berikut- nya. Sehingga proses dan hasil pelaksanaan siklus berikut- nya diharapkan akan lebih baik dari siklus sebelumnya. Dari tiap siklus akan diukur proses keaktifan dan proses bermain peran, dan keberhasilan siswa dalam pembela- jaran dengan model pembelajaran creative problem solving dengan media video compact disk.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran matematika menggunakan model pembelajaran creative problem solving dengan media video compact disk dapat me- ningkatkan pemahaman konsep, keaktifan, dan hasil bela- jar siswa di MTs.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR DAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA PADA KOMPETENSI KINEMATIKA GERAK LURUS MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN INTERPRETATIF BERBASIS ICT DI MAN KENDAL
Authors: P Purwanto
Published: December 2019

Masaalah rendahnya aktivitas belajar dan hasil bela- jar fisika di MAN Kendal akan dipecahkan dengan meng- gunakan pendekatan pembelajaran interpretatif, yaitu diawali dengan pembelajaran klasikal yang berbasis ICT untuk mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa, sedangkan akti- vitas siswa dibangkitkan melalui kegiatan interaksi diskusi belajar kelompok.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui pening- katan aktivitas belajar siswa setelah diterapkannya metode pembelajaran  interpretatif yang berbasis ICT pada materi pembelajaran kinematika gerak lurus. (2) mengetahui pen- ingkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkannya metode pembelajaran  interpretatif yang berbasis ICT pada materi pembelajaran kinematika gerak lurus mata pelajaran Fisika kelas X di MAN Kendal.Subyek penelitian adalah siswa MAN Kendal kelas XB sejumlah 40 siswa pada Tahun pelajaran 2010/2011. Prose- dur penelitian meliputi 3 tahap, yaitu: tahap persiapan (mendesain pembelajaran), tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap penyusunan laporan. Pelaksanaan Siklus I dan II, meliputi: perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan (kegiatan guru dan siswa), observasi dan reflleksi.Pembelajaran interpretatif yang berbasis ICT dan in- teraksi diskusi kelompok memiliki dampak positif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa yang ditandai dengan peningkatan ketuntasan belajar siswa yaitu dari sebelum tindakan sebesar 16 siswa (40 %) yang tuntas belajar (yang memperoleh nilai di atas KKM = 65,0)  pada Siklus I men- jadi 26 siswa (65 %), dan pada Siklus II meningkat menjadi 32 siswa atau 80 %.Berdasarkan hasil analisis aktivitas siswa dalam ke- lompoknya serta hasil belajar siswa dalam pemberian tin- dakan dengan menggunakan pembelajaran interpretatif berbasis ICT diperoleh peningkatan baik aktivitas siswa dalam kelompok maupun hasil belajar siswa, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran interpretatif berb- asis ICT mampu meningkatkan aktivitas maupun hasil be- lajar siswa pada kompetensi kinematika gerak lurus mata pelajaran Fisika kelas X di MAN Kendal.
PENERAPAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DENGAN PENDEKATAN KOOPERATIF BERBANTUAN MODUL SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PROSES DAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA PERKULIAHAN PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR I
Authors: A Arsini
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini  bertujuan mendeskripsikan kualitas kemampuan mahasiswa dalam melakukan pemecahan masalah, meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran, dan meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Praktikum Fisika Dasar I melalui strategi pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan pendekatan kooperatif berban- tuan modul. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Pro- gram studi Tadris Fisika yang memprogram mata kuliah Praktikum Fisika Dasar I pada tahun akademik 2011/2012 yang berjumlah 31 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari tahap peren- canaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, dan reeksi tindakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan strategi pembelajaran berbasis masalah dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa melakukan pemecahan masalah, meningkatan kualitas proses pembelajaran yang ditinjau dari aktivitas mahasiswa, dan meningkatkan hasil  belajar mahasiswa. Hasil belajar mahasiswa pada siklus I dan II berturut-turut adalah 66,74 dan 71,41. Sebagian besar mahasiswa mem- berikan respon positif dan berharap agar strategi pembela- jaran berbasis masalah dengan pendekatan kooperatif ber- bantuan modul dapat dilanjutkan dan dikembangkan pada pembelajaran Praktikum Fisika Dasar II .
PERSEPSI ATASAN TERHADAP KINERJA LULUSAN TADRIS
Authors: Shaleh Minhayati
Published: December 2019

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah: Untuk mengetahui persepsi Atasan terhadap kinerja lulusan Tadris Fakultas Tarbiyah IAIN Walisongo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang die- darkan ke responden. Populasi adalah seluruh atasan atau pimpinan tempat lulusan Tadris bekerja. Untuk pemilihan sampel digunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ra- ta-rata kinerja lulusan tadris secara keseluruhan 3,16 yaitu kategori baik, sedangkan indikator dari kinerja  yang be- rada di bawah rata-rata adalah kemampuan bahasa asing. Oleh sebab itu lulusan perlu diberi bekal yang lebih pada kompetensi tersebut.
PERHITUNGAN PREMI ASURANSI JIWA DWIGUNA PASUTRI SEBAGAI PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA EKONOMI
Authors: Fauziah Irma
Published: December 2019

In learning mathematical economics, the calculation of life insurance premiums is a matter concerning the application of a combination of compound interest, probability, differential and integral.  Life insurance with multilife concept is the one of ap- plied in actuarial mathematics.  A functions, in the actuarial cal- culation, related to death sequence in multilife concept is called as contingent function.   Usage that function in calculation of insurance premium will assist the insurer in giving the benet precisely.Contingent probabilities are resulted by multiplication be- tween the force of mortality of life in the last sequence of death which have been determined and probabilities of life all family member in multilife status. Insurance formulation is obtained by mutiplying this probabilities with vt discount factor and they are integrated by using the assumption of a uniform distribution of death throughout the year of age.
PENGEMBANGAN RPP MATEMATIKA SCIENTIFIC
Authors: S Saminanto
Published: December 2019

Kurikulum 2013 merupakan kurikulum yang menggunakan sistem tematik dan mengarahkan pola pikir peserta didik berdasarkan logika. Proses pembelajaran dirancang sedemikian rupa untuk mencapai standar kompetensi, kompetensi dasar serta indikator yang telah ditetapkan. Dibutuhkan pengembangan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) yang dapat mencapai tujuan tersebut sehingga sesuai dengan target pencapaian kurikulum 2013. Pengembangan ini menghasilkan sebuah rancangan pembelajaran yang disebut RPP scientific.
Evaluation of bias-adjusted satellite precipitation estimations for extreme flood events in Langat river basin, Malaysia
Authors: Soo Eugene Zhen Xiang , Jaafar Wan Zurina Wan , Lai Sai Hin , Othman Faridah , Elshafie Ahmed , Islam Tanvir , Srivastava Prashant , Hadi Hazlina Salehan Othman
Published: December 2019

Even though satellite precipitation products have received an increasing amount of attention in hydrology and meteorology, their estimations are prone to bias. This study investigates the three approaches of bias correction, i.e., linear scaling (LS), local intensity scaling (LOCI) and power transformation (PT), on the three advanced satellite precipitation products (SPPs), i.e., CMORPH, TRMM and PERSIANN over the Langat river basin, Malaysia by focusing on five selected extreme floods due to northeast monsoon season. Results found the LS scheme was able to match the mean precipitation of every SPP but does not correct standard deviation (SD) or coefficient of variation (CV) of the estimations regardless of extreme floods selected. For LOCI scheme, only TRMM and CMORPH estimations in certain floods have showed some improvement in their results. This might be due to the rainfall threshold set in correcting process. PT scheme was found to be the best method as it improved most of the statistical performances as well as the rainfall distribution of the floods. Sensitivity of the parameters used in the bias correction is also investigated. PT scheme is found to be least sensitive in correcting the daily SPPs compared to the other two schemes. However, careful consideration should be given for correcting the CMORPH and PERSIANN estimations.
The Renin-Angiotensin System and the Cerebrovascular Diseases: Experimental and Clinical Evidence
Authors: Kangussu Lucas M. , Marzano Lucas Alexandre Santos , Souza Cássio Ferraz , Dantas Carolina Couy , Miranda Aline Silva , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina
Published: December 2019

Cerebrovascular Diseases (CVD) comprise a wide spectrum of disorders, all sharing an
acquired or inherited alteration of the cerebral vasculature. CVD have been associated with
important changes in systemic and tissue Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). The aim of this review
was to summarize and to discuss recent findings related to the modulation of RAS components in
CVD. The role of RAS axes is more extensively studied in experimentally induced stroke. By
means of AT1 receptors in the brain, Ang II hampers cerebral blood flow and causes tissue
ischemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, cell damage and apoptosis. On the other hand, Ang-(1-7)
by stimulating Mas receptor promotes angiogenesis in brain tissue, decreases oxidative stress,
neuroinflammation, and improves cognition, cerebral blood flow, neuronal survival, learning and
memory. In regard to clinical studies, treatment with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists exerts preventive and therapeutic effects on stroke. Besides
stroke, studies support a similar role of RAS molecules also in traumatic brain injury and cerebral
aneurysm. The literature supports a beneficial role for the alternative RAS axis in CVD. Further
studies are necessary to investigate the therapeutic potential of ACE2 activators and/or Mas
receptor agonists in patients with CVD.
miRNAs Signatures In Patients With Acute Liver Injury: Clinical Concerns and Correlations
Authors: Vyas Hitarthi S. , Upadhyay Kapil K. , Devkar Ranjitsinh V.
Published: December 2019

:

Non-coding RNAs can be highly exploited for their biological significance in
living systems. miRNAs are in the upstream position of cellular regulation cascade and
hold merit in its state. A plethora of information is available on a wide variety of miRNAs
that undergo alterations in experimentally induced models of liver injuries. The
underlying mechanisms governed by these miRNAs have been inferred through cellbased
experiments but the scientific knowledge on miRNA signatures in patients with
liver injury are primordial and lack scientific clarity. Hence, it is crucial to get insight into
the status and synergy of miRNAs in patients, with varying degrees of acute toxic
manifestations in the liver. Though some miRNAs are being investigated in clinical trials,
a major research lacuna exists with regard to the functional role of other miRNAs in liver
diseases. This review article is a meticulous compilation of disease based or
drug/alcohol based acute liver injuries in patients and resultant alteration in their miRNA
profile. Investigative reports on underlying miRNA-liver crosstalk in cell-based or murine
models are also discussed herein to draw a correlation with clinical findings.
Comparison of Clinical Features at the Onset of Takayasu’s Arteritis According to Age and Sex
Authors: Wan Jin , Qi Shuying , Liao Hua , Ci Weiping , Guo Yanqiu , Wang Tian
Published: December 2019

Background:

Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a large-vessel vasculitis that predominantly affects the aorta, pulmonary artery, and its main branches. The cause of TA is still unclear.

Objective:

To identify the clinical characteristics of TA at onset in different patient groups.

Methods:

The clinical manifestations, laboratory, and angiographic findings of 53 patients with TA based on age at onset and sex were retrospectively analysed.

Results:

The ratio of the incidence of TA in males and females was 1:4. Chest pain, reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and multivessel involvement were the most common symptoms at TA onset in male patients. 17% of patients had an onset age >40 years, and the percentage of TA patients >40 years old with chest pain was significantly higher [6 (66.7%) vs 13 (29.5%) and p=0.031] than that in TA patients <40 years old. However, their renal artery involvement [1 (11.1%) vs 21 (47.7%)), p=0.042], abdominal aorta lesion [0 (0.0%) vs 16 (38.1%), p=0.030], and multiple vessel involvement [2 (22.2%) vs. 32 (72.7%), p=0.004] were significantly less evident. Multivariate analysis showed that hypertension and thoracic aortic lesion were predisposing factors for TA diagnosis [odds ratio (OR)=3.918, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.616-1566.185, p=0.026]. For patients with aortic insufficiency (OR=3.674, 95% CI=2.734-567.621, p=0.007) or aneurysm formation (OR=7.255, 95% CI=1.23-1628.614, p=0.044), ascending aortic lesion was an independent risk factor. Furthermore, patients >40 years with chest pain but no brachial pulse should be suspected to have TA.

Conclusion:

Hypertension and thoracic aortic lesion are predisposing factors for the diagnosis of TA. Male with TA was more prone to present with chest pain, multivessel involvement, and reduced GFR.
Assessment of Purity Parameters of Generic and Brand Name Losartan Potassium
Authors: Mattiazzi Patricia , Bohrer Denise , Viana Carine , Becker Emilene
Published: December 2019

Background:

Generic products must be bioequivalent to the innovator brand product. Nevertheless,
in addition to meeting bioequivalence standards, attention must be paid to the content of the
active substance and contaminants in generic drugs.

Objective:

This study compared the pharmaceutical quality of four generic losartan potassium formulations
with the brand-name product: Cozaar®.

Methods:

The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) losartan potassium standard was used as reference
material. The products tested (all 50 mg formulations) included four generic tablet formulations and the
innovator brand product Cozaar®. Active substance content, organic impurities, and elemental impurities
were assessed following the USP monograph for losartan potassium tablets and USP Chapter
<233> on Elemental Impurities.

Results:

The results showed that three of the four generic products had low content of the active ingredient.
The values ranged from 86.4 to 93.8%, being acceptable not below 95% of the labeled amount.
Organic impurities were not detected in any of the products, and of the 13 elemental impurities tested,
only four elements were detected. The elemental impurities Cr, Ni, Cu, and As were, however, in
amounts within the limits established by the USP monograph. The only concern on the generic drugs
analyzed was the low content of the active ingredient in 75% of the products.

Conclusion:

Since losartan is a drug of continuous use, lower content of the active ingredient may go
unnoticed by the users of the generic product and entailed clinical consequences during long-term therapy.
2', 4'-dihydroxy-3, 4-methylenedioxychalcone Activate Mitochondrial Apoptosis of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Khatun Mahbuba , Islam Farhadul , Gopalan Vinod , Rahman Md. Motiar , Zuberi Natasha , Khatun Laboni , Rakib Md. Abdur , Islam Md. Azizul , Lam Alfred King-Yin , Khanam Jahan Ara
Published: December 2019

Background:

Development of effective cancer-chemotherapy is the most challenging
field due to the toxicity of chemo-agents.

Objective:

As chalcone has been known to have pharmacological applications, here the aim is to
synthesized three chalcone derivatives, 2',4'-dihydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxychalcone (C1), 2'-hydroxy-
2,4, 6-trimethoxychalcone (C2) and 2'-hydroxy-4-methylchalcone (C3) and investigate their anti-cancer
properties against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell.

Method:

Anticancer properties against EAC cells were studied by examining growth inhibition,
MTT assays, tumour-bearing mice survival, tumour weight measurement and haematological profiles.
Moreover, apoptosis of EAC cells was investigated by fluorescence microscopy, flowcytometry
and DNA fragmentation assays. Expression of apoptosis related genes were studied by
reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR).

Results:

Among the compounds, C1 exhibited highest cell growth inhibition at 200 mg/kg/day
(81.71%; P < 0.01). C1 treatment also increased the life span of EAC-bearing mice (82.60%, P <
0.05) with the reduction of tumour burden (<) compared to untreated EAC-bearing
mice. In vitro study indicated that C1 killed EAC-cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced
mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways. In addition, C1 treated cells exhibited increased apoptotic
features such as membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation after
Hoechst 33342 staining. Increased fragmentation of DNA in gel electrophoresis followed by C1
treatment further confirmed apoptosis of EAC cells. EAC cells treated with C1 showed reduced
Bcl-2 expression in contrast to notable upregulation of p53 and Bax expression. It implied that C1
could reinstate the expression of pro-apoptotic tumour suppressor and inhibit anti-apoptotic genes.

Conclusions:

Thus, C1 showed significant growth inhibitory properties and induced apoptosis of
EAC cells.
New Uracil Analogs with Exocyclic Methylidene Group as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Długosz-Pokorska Angelika , Drogosz Joanna , Pięta Marlena , Janecki Tomasz , Krajewska Urszula , Mirowski Marek , Janecka Anna
Published: December 2019

Background:

Hybrid molecules combining uracil skeleton with methylidene exo-cyclic group were
designed in the search for novel anticancer drug candidates.

Objective:

Two series of racemic 5-methylidenedihydrouracils, either 1,3-disubstituted or 1,3,6-trisubstituted
were synthesized and tested for their possible cytotoxic activity against two cancer cell lines (HL-60 and MCF-7)
and two healthy cell lines (HUVEC and MCF-10A). The most cytotoxic analogs were re-synthesized as pure
enantiomers. The analog designated as U-332 [(R)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-ethyl-5-methylidene-6-phenyldihydrouracil],
which had a very low IC50 value in HL-60 cell line (0.77μM) and was the most selective towards cancer cells
was chosen for further experiments on HL-60 cell line, in order to determine the possible mechanism involved
in its antineoplastic action.

Methods:

Cytotoxic activities of compound was assessed by the MTT assay. In order to explore the mechanism
of U-332 activity, we performed quantitative real-time PCR analysis of p53 and p21 genes. Apoptosis, cell
proliferation and DNA damage in HL-60 cells were determined using the flow cytometry. The ability of U-332
to determine GADD45ɑ protein level in HL-60 cells incubated with U-332 was analyzed by ELISA test.

Results:

U-332 was shown to generate excessive DNA damage (70% of the cell population), leading to p53
activation, resulting in p21 down-regulation and a significant increase of GADD45α protein, responsible for the
cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.

Conclusion:

U-332 can be used as a potential lead compound in the further development of novel uracil analogs
as anticancer agents.
Supernatants of the Probiotic Bacterial Cultures at sub-MIC Levels Attenuate Virulence of Pathogenic Bacteria Towards the Model Host Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Patel Pooja , Joshi Chinmayi , Kothari Vijay
Published: December 2019

Objective:

This study assessed the anti-pathogenic potential of culture supernatants
from three probiotic strains viz. Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Enterococcus
faecium against five different gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.

Methods:

The effect of probiotic culture supernatants on growth and production of quorum sensing
(QS)-regulated pigments was assessed through broth dilution assay. In vivo anti-infective efficacy
of these supernatants was evaluated by challenging the model nematode host Caenorhabditis
elegans with pathogenic bacteria pre-treated with probiotic culture supernatants, and worm survival
was monitored over a period of 8 days.

Results:

All the probiotic culture supernatants (at 5-10 %v/v) exhibited bactericidal activity
against four of the test pathogens (including three multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria) and
they (at ≥ 1%v/v) could also modulate QS in pathogenic bacteria. Pre-treatment with culture supernatants
from all the three probiotic strains were able to attenuate virulence of four of the test
pathogens towards C. elegans. Worms challenged with supernatant-pre-treated pathogens recorded
75-100% better survival than those challenged with pathogens receiving no such pretreatment.
Virulence-attenuating effect of the culture supernatants was also carried forward to
daughter populations of the supernatant-treated parent pathogens. Lactic acid seemed to contribute
notably towards anti-virulence activity of the culture supernatants, but acidic pH did not seem to
be important for such activity.

Conclusions:

Culture supernatants of probiotic strains used in this study can be said to possess appreciable
virulence-attenuating potential. Further investigation for characterization of these supernatants
and identification of the bioactive constituents is warranted. Elucidation of the molecular
basis associated with the anti-pathogenic potential of these supernatants may lead to the identification
of novel targets in pathogenic bacterial populations.
Prevalence of Multi-drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) in Amman Jordan During 2018
Authors: El-khatib Layla , Al-Dalain Saed , Al-Matarneh Rama , Al-Bustanji Sara , Al-Dmour Marwa , Al-Amarin Yara , Gaber Yasser
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen, and is among the most
problematic nosocomial infections as well as community-acquired infections. This retrospective
study was conducted as an attempt to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii
(MDRAB) isolates from the north and central Jordan area during 2018.

Methods:

Patients’ records provided by an accredited central private laboratory located in Amman,
were examined for A. baumannii isolates identified during this period. The isolates were
identified to the species level using the API-10S system and the antimicrobial sensitivity testing
was determined using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method.

Results:

A total of 43 unduplicated isolates were obtained and classified according to clinical
sampling source into: Group I (blood), Group II (urine) and Group III (wound, pus, sputum, bedsore
and others). Total MDRAB isolates recorded were 29 (67.4 %). Resistance to imipenem was
found to be 36% and 94% among groups II and III, respectively, and resistance to meropenem was
60% and 88% among the same groups, respectively.

Conclusion:

Antimicrobial stewardship programs at a national scale are needed to calculate the
actual proportion of MDRAB in the country and to combat its increasing emergence and decrease
the magnitude of antibiotic resistance.