bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intersectionnalité, idées queers et nationalisme : les féminismes québécois entre tensions et inclusions*
Authors: Pagé Geneviève , Anctil Avoine Priscyll
Published: July 2023

De Québécoises deboutte ! à Jesuisféministe.com, les voix des multiples féminismes québécois se sont exprimées, formant un mouvement fort, mais hétérogène et diversifié. Un peu plus de 20 ans après le début du nouveau millénaire, cet article propose un retour sur les transformations des idées politiques qui alimentent les mouvements féministes au Québec. Partant d’une méthodologie qualitative, l’article repose principalement sur l’analyse des productions théoriques à la fois des milieux universitaires et militants, ainsi que sur la documentation grise. Principalement, l’argumentaire s’articule autour des tensions et inclusions idéologiques qui caractérisent ces mouvements pluriels à travers trois éléments en particulier : le nationalisme, le queer et l’intersectionnalité.
Le véganisme au Québec : tensions à gauche et alliances en construction*
Authors: Simoneau-Gilbert Virginie
Published: July 2023

Depuis quelques années, le traitement des animaux et les choix alimentaires des consommateurs retiennent de plus en plus l’attention du public québécois, et le véganisme réussit graduellement à s’imposer comme sujet d’actualité. Cet article offre une analyse exploratoire du mouvement végane au Québec. La première section est consacrée aux fondements idéologiques du véganisme, en particulier à l’apport philosophique de l’éthique animale et la difficile appartenance à la gauche généralement revendiquée par les militants véganes. La deuxième section, quant à elle, est davantage sociologique et propose un portrait préliminaire du mouvement végane au Québec. Nous y soulignons notamment le caractère récent de cette cause politique, laquelle s’est essentiellement déployée dans le courant de la dernière décennie, et offrons un court résumé de ses spécificités locales. Nous concluons notre analyse en abordant la difficile politisation du véganisme au Québec.
Metabolic and neurobehavioral disturbances induced by purine recycling deficiency in Drosophila
Authors: Petitgas Céline , Seugnet Laurent , Dulac Amina , Matassi Giorgio , Mteyrek Ali , Fima Rebecca , Strehaiano Marion , Dagorret Joana , Chérif-Zahar Baya , Marie Sandrine , Ceballos-Picot Irène , Birman Serge
Published: July 2023

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) are two structurally related enzymes involved in purine recycling in humans. Inherited mutations that suppress HGPRT activity are associated with Lesch–Nyhan disease (LND), a rare X-linked metabolic and neurological disorder in children, characterized by hyperuricemia, dystonia, and compulsive self-injury. To date, no treatment is available for these neurological defects and no animal model recapitulates all symptoms of LND patients. Here, we studied LND-related mechanisms in the fruit fly. By combining enzymatic assays and phylogenetic analysis, we confirm that no HGPRT activity is expressed in Drosophila melanogaster, making the APRT homolog (Aprt) the only purine-recycling enzyme in this organism. Whereas APRT deficiency does not trigger neurological defects in humans, we observed that Drosophila Aprt mutants show both metabolic and neurobehavioral disturbances, including increased uric acid levels, locomotor impairments, sleep alterations, seizure-like behavior, reduced lifespan, and reduction of adenosine signaling and content. Locomotor defects could be rescued by Aprt re-expression in neurons and reproduced by knocking down Aprt selectively in the protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) dopaminergic neurons, the mushroom bodies, or glia subsets. Ingestion of allopurinol rescued uric acid levels in Aprt-deficient mutants but not neurological defects, as is the case in LND patients, while feeding adenosine or N6-methyladenosine (m6A) during development fully rescued the epileptic behavior. Intriguingly, pan-neuronal expression of an LND-associated mutant form of human HGPRT (I42T), but not the wild-type enzyme, resulted in early locomotor defects and seizure in flies, similar to Aprt deficiency. Overall, our results suggest that Drosophila could be used in different ways to better understand LND and seek a cure for this dramatic disease.
Effects of Combining Physical and Cognitive Training on Older Adults’ Physical Performance and Functional Abilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yu Xiao , Tengku Kamalden Tengku Fadilah , Dev Omar Dev Roxana , Gasibat Qais , Rani Babina , Dai Yuanliang , Bao Lixia , Li Jiazhe
Published: July 2023

Background: The combination of physical and cognitive training effectively enhances the physical function of the elderly by preventing and reducing the incidence of falls as well as increasing independence in daily activities. However, the optimal combination of strategies to achieve the best physical performance and functional capacity in healthy elderly is still being explored. Objective: This study aimed to explore effective combinations to improve physical function. Methods: A comprehensive database search was done through Web of Science, Medline, Embase and PubMed, and was supplemented with Google scholar since September 2022. Titles and abstracts were used to search for keywords, and data were extracted using the Participants; Interventions; Comparisons, and Outcomes (PICO). Results: The 23 included studies recruited subjects aged 65 and older, comprising 872 females and 497 males, while some research did not identify the gender of 216 participants. Among the included studies, 16 were of high quality while 7 were of low quality. Ten studies showed a significant improvement in gait among older adults who underwent combined physical-cognitive training, while two studies found no positive effect on dual-task gait performance. All five studies showed a significant improvement in strength. Out of the four studies conducted, only one showed no improvement in endurance. All five studies showed improved mobility, while only one study found no effect on agility. However, eight out of the eleven papers showed a significant improvement in balance for older adults who underwent combined cognitive and physical training. The three papers that effectively reduced the fear of falling were also significant. Two studies showed that those who received combined training exhibited a significantly better quality of life compared to those who did not. Conclusion: Combined motor-cognitive training is an advanced, feasible and effective method that can promote the improvement of gait, balance and overall health in the elderly. This type of training has a more significant impact on the elderly’s fall response compared to general physical or cognitive training. Additionally, it contributes to promoting functional independence.
Validity, Practicality, and Effectiveness of Character Learning Model Based on Al-Islam Kemuhammadiyaan Values
Authors: Intisari  , Syam Husain , Gani Hamsu Abdul
Published: July 2023

The main objective of this study is to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of character-learning models based on the values of al-Islam Kemuhammadiyaan that have been developed to improve the character of early childhood. Departing from the results of preliminary studies and prototypes of models that have been developed, as well as the research methods used, namely research and development, researchers compiled expert test instruments, user tests, and rubric assessments of children's character as a data collection tool, which was then analyzed using the average of the scales used and inferential tests to determine their effectiveness. The validity test was carried out by two experts, the practicality test was carried out by 15 teachers, and the effectiveness test was carried out on group B children at Aisyiyah Kindergarten, Makassar City. The results showed that the learning model that had been developed was declared valid by experts because it was within the interval limit of 3.50 ≤ V < 4.00, and the results of the practicality test showed that teachers obtained the value of ease in implementing the product, while the results of the effectiveness test found that the results of the trial application of the model in as many as five meetings descriptively showed an increase in the character development of students with an average score. Students' ability was 3.7 (very well developed) with a very high category, so it is concluded that the character learning model based on the values of Al-Islam Kemuhammadiyaan is valid and practical and has also been shown to be effective for improving early childhood character. These results indicate that the character learning model based on the values ​​of al-Islam Kemuhammadiyaan that has been developed is proven to be able to grow and strengthen the character of students by the values ​​of al-Islam Kemuhammadiyaan namely justice, honesty, brotherhood, hard work, steadfast heart, king. ', khauf, and ittiba' to the prophet. So in this way, students in group B at Aisyiyah Kindergarten in Makassar City in the future can grow and develop with the potential to become superior human beings as the aim of the Muhammadiyah association.
Secondary School Teachers’ Perception of Occupational Stress Causes in Mwanza Region, Tanzania
Authors: Nyakeko Francis , Ngirwa Coletha C. , Malingumu Winfrida
Published: July 2023

This paper presents findings of the study that had examined the teachers' perception of the causes of occupational stress in Tanzania’s secondary schools. Grounded in the job-demand control model, the study employed a mixed methods research approach and specifically a descriptive design. The study collected data from a sample of 460 participants drawn from secondary schools in Mwanza city and Ilemela municipality, Mwanza region of Tanzania. The data were collected between December 2021 and June 2023 using a questionnaire with both open-ended and closed-ended questions to generate both qualitative and quantitative data. Interviews were also held with some of the purposively selected teachers to provide complementary in-depth explanation. The results show an increase in teachers’ heavy workload, low salaries, mounting debts, family problem, and a low rate of job promotion emerged to be major causes of occupational stress. These causes were mainly classified as environment, management, and interpersonal stressors. The secondary school teacher respondents identified other stressors as lack of support from administration and limited autonomy and control (work environment stressors), managing rights and needs, lack of professional development opportunities, insufficient on-the-job training and a lack of collaborative decision-making, and lack of support and resources (management); emotions, participants reported experiencing frustration, disappointment, depression and exhaustion (intrapersonal); and. poor relations, a lack of flexibility and adaptability, and a lack of patience and tolerance (interpersonal stressors). On the other hand, they suggested counter-strategies that included promoting a healthy work-life balance, providing emotional support and ensuring effective communication channels are in place. The study, therefore, recommends advocating for increased support and resources, strengthening professional development opportunities and developing a performance recognition system to address; fostering open communication, promote a positive and inclusive school culture, and providing conflict resolution and interpersonal skills training; enhancing the work conditions among teachers and promoting collaboration and collective action. Overall, addressing these stressors could allow educational institutions to create a conducive and supportive work environment capable of enhancing teacher satisfaction and effectiveness.
Analyzing the Price Spread and Marketing Efficiency of Marigold Growers in the Raipur District of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Tigga Neelam Sunil , Kumar Sanjay , Rai Ajay Kumar
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the study was to identify marketing channels, price spreads, marketing margins, and marketing efficiency of Marigold in Raipur district, Chhattisgarh, India. Only for Marigold was the primary data gathered using the survey approach. Multi stage sampling design was adopted for the selection of district as the first stage unit, block as the second stage unit, villages as the third stage units and farm holding as the final and ultimate stage units. A total of 80 Marigold farmers were the subject of the study. The highest area under cultivation and production was in Chhattisgarh's Raipur district, where the study was conducted. Utilising a two-stage stratified random sampling technique, channel actors were chosen. The channel 1 was more efficient than other channel because producer share in consumer rupee was more (79.84%) in channel 1, than channel 2 (53.46%) and channel 3 (48.55%) in Raipur market. The price spread was low in channel 1 as the produce was sold to the consumer directly by the farmer. The channel 1 used had the highest marketing efficiency. Comparing channels 1, 2, and 3, it was revealed that the relatively lower marketing efficiency of channel 3. Marketing efficiency was also calculated for each channel, with channel I having a value of 4.96, followed by channel II with 2.14, and channel III with 1.94. These results indicate that channel I was the most efficient market among the three. The findings demonstrate an inverse relationship between marketing efficiency and the number of intermediaries involved. The paper offers guidance on choosing the ideal marketing channel for the promotion of marigolds. The paper also offers empirical data that can be used to adopt market options for greater gains for different chain actors.
Exploring Tree Communities in the Ecologically Significant Banas River Corridor of Gujarat: A Phytosociological Analysis
Authors: Jha Krupa , Odedra Kunal N. , Jadeja B. A.
Published: July 2023

The findings of a phytosociological study conducted in the Banas River Corridor of Gujarat, India, are presented in this article. The primary objectives of the study were to identify, characterize, and classify the naturally occurring vegetation community in the area. Quadrate method used for vegetation sampling, which resulted in the documentation of 70 tree species. The IVI value indicated that Prosopis juliflora was the most successful and well-established species in the area. The recorded species were found to have contiguous distribution within the study area, and the overall vegetation community was observed to be heterogeneous. However, human activities such as fire incidence, livestock grazing, and other disturbances have led to the depletion of the forest's old and uneven age structure. The study provides crucial baseline information on the dry forests of the Banas River Corridor, highlighting the need for appropriate conservation and management practices to improve the botanical value of the area and its significance for other life forms.
Prevalence of Bacterial Species in Traumatic, Burns and Post-Surgical Wounds: Focus on Emerging Drug Resistance
Authors: Singh Partapbir , Kaur Tejinder
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics poses a serious challenge in managing and treating wound-related complications. Determining the antibiotic resistance patterns is crucial for guiding appropriate antibiotic therapy to avoid their overuse and emergence of deadly superbugs.

Aim: The study was aimed to isolate and detect bacterial species responsible for causing infection in different types of traumatic, burns and post-surgical wounds and antibiotic resistance profile of isolated microorganisms.

Methodology: The bacterial load and isolation of microbes was determined by plating of samples onto duplicate blood and MacConkey agar plates. The morphologically distinct bacterial isolates were identified by biochemical tests and susceptibility of bacteria against selected antibiotics was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.

Results: The major bacterial strains isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most prominent bacterial strain found was Staphylococcus aureus, present in more than 54% of collected samples, followed by E. coli, Klebsiella sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, present in 17%, 11%, and 10% of collected samples, respectively. The study further explored that Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. showed resistance against various non-identical antibiotics such as Amikacin (aminoglycosides), Azithromycin (macrolides), Levofloxacin & ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) and Cefazolin (cephalosporins). However, Doxycycline (tetracycline) was the only antibiotic that inhibited the growth of all the bacterial species isolated from the infected wounds. levofloxacin was also one of the effective antibiotics in restricting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella spp.

Consequently, the study suggests that Doxycycline followed by levofloxacin may be the most suitable antibiotics for controlling wound infection in this specific geographic region.
SISTEM JEMURAN PAKAIAN DENGAN PELINDUNG HUJAN OTOMATIS
Authors: Aritama Bryan , . Thiang , Khoswanto Handry
Published: July 2023

Pada zaman modern ini penggunaan apartemen dan rumah susun semakin meningkat dan ruang pada bagian balkon relative kecil sehingga banyak orang kekurangan ruang untuk menjemur pakaian dan pakaian yang dijemur pun memiliki resiko terkena hujan. Oleh karen aitu penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk membuat jemuran pakaian yang bisa memanjang dan memendek di balkon berukuran kecil dan memiliki pelindung hujan yang dapat terbuka saat terjadi hujan. Sistem jemuran pakaian dengan pelindung hujan otomatis menggunakan arduino uno sebagai kontroler. Sensor ultrasonic HC-SR04 digunakan untuk membaca jarak obyek dari jemuran. Sensor hujan digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah terjadi hujan. Limit switch digunakan untuk mengetahui posisi jemuran dan pelindung hujan. Sistem jemuran pakaian dengan pelindung hujan otomatis menggunakan motor DC untuk membuka dan menutup jemuran pakaian dan pelindung hujan. Modul H-bridge L298N digunakan untuk mengatur arah putar motor. Berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan, jemuran pakaian dapat membuka dan menutup secara otomatis berdasarkan nilai jarak antara sensor ultrasonic dengan obyek. Pelindung hujan juga dapat membuka dan menutup secara otomatis berdasarkan nilai dari sensor hujan. Dari hasil pengujian, jemuran dapat membuka dan menutup dengan baik sampai dengan beban maksimal 5kg.
IMPLEMENTASI WONDERWARE SYSTEM PLATFORM PADA OTOMASI INDUSTRI MINUMAN
Authors: Glennado Miguel , Wicaksono Handy , Leonard Tonny
Published: July 2023

SCADA merupakan sistem yang digunakan untuk mengontrol dan memonitor proses dalam suatu industri. Wonderware System Platform merupakan salah satu sistem SCADA. Wonderware System Platform sebagai suatu sistem SCADA terdiri dari Historian sebagai data logger, Historian Client sebagai data reporting, DA Server sebagai perantara antara SCADA dengan PLC, dan InTouch sebagai antarmuka manusia dengan mesin. Industri di Indonesia pada umumnya masih memanfaatkan InTouch stand-alone dimana tidak memiliki beberapa fitur-fitur penting pada System Platform. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan System Platform dengan InTouch stand-alone. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mensimulasikan beberapa proses pada industri minuman menggunakan simulator Siemens S7-1200 yang di dalamnya terdapat tombol dan lampu untuk membantu proses simulasi. Dari penelitian didapatkan bahwa System Platform memiliki beberapa fitur utama yang tidak dimiliki oleh InTouch stand-alone seperti distributed application dimana pengguna dapat men-deploy aplikasi ke beberapa komputer client dalam satu jaringan, kustomisasi objek menggunakan symbol editor, terdapat library situasional awareness sehingga dapat dengan mudah menerapkan high perfomance HMI, dan kelebihan lainnya.
Association of Racial and Ethnic Identity With Attrition From MD-PhD Training Programs
Authors: Nguyen Mytien , Lett Elle , Cavazos Jose E. , Chaudhry Sarwat I. , Desai Mayur M. , Jeffe Donna B. , Boatright Dowin
Published: July 2023

This cohort study analyzes the attrition rates of students from MD-PhD training programs by race and ethnicity.
Manipulating and studying gene function in human pluripotent stem cell models
Authors: Balmas Elisa , Sozza Federica , Bottini Sveva , Ratto Maria Luisa , Savorè Giulia , Becca Silvia , Snijders Kirsten Esmee , Bertero Alessandro
Published: July 2023

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are uniquely suited to study human development and disease and promise to revolutionize regenerative medicine. These applications rely on robust methods to manipulate gene function in hPSC models. This comprehensive review aims to both empower scientists approaching the field and update experienced stem cell biologists. We begin by highlighting challenges with manipulating gene expression in hPSCs and their differentiated derivatives, and relevant solutions (transfection, transduction, transposition, and genomic safe harbor editing). We then outline how to perform robust constitutive or inducible loss‐, gain‐, and change‐of‐function experiments in hPSCs models, both using historical methods (RNA interference, transgenesis, and homologous recombination) and modern programmable nucleases (particularly CRISPR/Cas9 and its derivatives, i.e., CRISPR interference, activation, base editing, and prime editing). We further describe extension of these approaches for arrayed or pooled functional studies, including emerging single‐cell genomic methods, and the related design and analytical bioinformatic tools. Finally, we suggest some directions for future advancements in all of these areas. Mastering the combination of these transformative technologies will empower unprecedented advances in human biology and medicine.
Synthesis of Fluoromethyl‐Substituted Cyclopropanes by Electrophilic Cyclization of Homoallylic Boronate Intermediates
Authors: Oyama Natsuki , Ito Hajime
Published: July 2023

The electrophilic cyclization via the boronate complex between various homoallylic boronates and Selectfluor® is reported. This reaction provides a fluoromethylated cyclopropane ring that was difficult to synthesize by previous methods. The use of phenyl lithium, which activates the homoallylic boronate, is important for the reaction. The intermediate boronate species in this reaction was observed through 11B{1H} NMR experiments. We also demonstrate the synthesis of a building block, including fluoromethyl‐substituted cyclopropane for a bioactive compound.
HAT‐Mediated Electrochemical Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Ethers
Authors: Li Heng , Qiang Congcong , Liao Yujie , Chu Qiao , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: July 2023

Herein, a method about hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mediated electrochemical cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction of heterocycles with ethers has been established. Saturated linear, branched or cyclic ethers were all suitable for this cross‐coupling reaction to form the corresponding products in 70–98% yields. The advantages of this reaction are transition metal‐ and chemical oxidant‐free conditions, high yields, and broad functional group tolerance, etc.
Wirelessly Powered‐Electrically Conductive Polymer System for Stem Cell Enhanced Stroke Recovery
Authors: Santhanam Sruthi , Chen Cheng , Oh Byeongtaek , McConnell Kelly W. , Azadian Matine M. , Patel Jainith J. , Gardner Emily E. , Tanabe Yuji , Poon Ada S. Y. , George Paul M.
Published: July 2023

Effective stroke recovery therapeutics remain limited. Stem cell therapies have yielded promising results, but the harsh ischemic environment of the post‐stroke brain reduces their therapeutic potential. Previously, a conductive polymer system that enables stem cell delivery with simultaneous electrical modulation of the cells and surrounding neural environment is developed. This wired conductive polymer system proved efficacious in optimizing ideal conditions for stem cell mediated motor improvements in a rodent model of stroke. To further enable preclinical studies and enhance translational potential, a method to improve this system by eliminating its dependence upon a tethered power source is identified. A wirelessly powered, electrically conductive polymer system that eases therapeutic application and enables full mobility is herein developed. As a proof of concept, it is demonstrated that the wirelessly powered system is able to stimulate neural stem cells in vitro, as well as in vivo in a rodent model of stroke. This system modulates the stroke microenvironment and increases the production of endogenous stem cells. In summation, this novel, wirelessly powered conductive polymer system can serve as a mobile platform for a wide variety of therapeutics involving electrical stimulation.
Developing residents’ feedback literacy in emergency medicine: Lessons from design‐based research
Authors: Noble Christy , Young Jessica , Brazil Victoria , Krogh Kristian , Molloy Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Residents in emergency medicine have reported dissatisfaction with feedback. One strategy to improve feedback is to enhance learners’ feedback literacy—i.e., capabilities as seekers, processors, and users of performance information. To do this, however, the context in which feedback occurs needs to be understood. We investigated how residents typically engage with feedback in an emergency department, along with the potential opportunities to improve feedback engagement in this context. We used this information to develop a program to improve learners’ feedback literacy in context and traced the reported translation to practice.

Methods

We conducted a year‐long design‐based research study informed by agentic feedback principles. Over five cycles in 2019, we interviewed residents and iteratively developed a feedback literacy program. Sixty‐six residents participated and data collected included qualitative evaluation surveys (n = 55), educator‐written reflections (n = 5), and semistructured interviews with residents (n = 21). Qualitative data were analyzed using framework analysis.

Results

When adopting an agentic stance, residents reported changes to the frequency and tenor of their feedback conversations, rendering the interactions more helpful. Despite reporting overall shifts in their conceptions of feedback, they needed to adjust their feedback engagement depending on changing contextual factors such as workload. These microsocial adjustments suggest their feedback literacy develops through an interdependent process of individual intention for feedback engagement—informed by an agentic stance—and dynamic adjustment in response to the environment.

Conclusions

Resident feedback literacy is profoundly contextualized, so developing feedback literacy in emergency contexts is more nuanced than previously reported. While feedback literacy can be supported through targeted education, our findings raise questions for understanding how emergency medicine environments afford and constrain learner feedback engagement. Our findings also challenge the extent to which this contextual feedback know‐how can be “developed” purposefully outside of the everyday work.
A novel helical descending liquid‐bridge for continuous demulsification
Authors: Yuan Liang , Cong Hai‐feng , Li Xin‐gang
Published: July 2023

Existing physical demulsification methods are expensive and offer low separation efficiencies. Therefore, the development of efficient and green continuous demulsification processes has garnered research attention. Inspired by the novel helical liquid bridge flow realized previously by our group, a continuous demulsification method featuring a helically descending liquid bridge was established in this study to treat oil‐in‐water emulsions with low oil contents. First, the formation of the liquid bridge flow was verified. Then, the continuous demulsification of the helically descending liquid bridge was monitored using a high‐speed camera, which helped elucidate the demulsification mechanism. Furthermore, the surface of the helical string was modified to make it oleophilic for improving the demulsification efficiency. The results showed that the helical liquid descent achieved with surface modification led to a competitive separation efficiency of up to 52.94%, which was 27.94% higher than that of other helical microchannel devices with hydrophobic surfaces.
Visualizing Chiral Interactions in Carbohydrates Adsorbed on Au(111) by High‐Resolution STM Imaging
Authors: Seibel Johannes , Fittolani Giulio , Mirhosseini Hossein , Wu Xu , Rauschenbach Stephan , Anggara Kelvin , Seeberger Peter H. , Delbianco Martina , Kühne Thomas D. , Schlickum Uta , Kern Klaus
Published: July 2023

Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic material on Earth and the structural “material of choice” in many living systems. Nevertheless, design and engineering of synthetic carbohydrate materials presently lag behind that for protein and nucleic acids. Bottom‐up engineering of carbohydrate materials demands an atomic‐level understanding of their molecular structures and interactions in condensed phases. Here, high‐resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used to visualize at submolecular resolution the three‐dimensional structure of cellulose oligomers assembled on Au(1111) and the interactions that drive their assembly. The STM imaging, supported by ab initio calculations, reveals the orientation of all glycosidic bonds and pyranose rings in the oligomers, as well as details of intermolecular interactions between the oligomers. By comparing the assembly of D‐ and L‐oligomers, these interactions are shown to be enantioselective, capable of driving spontaneous enantioseparation of cellulose chains from its unnatural enantiomer and promoting the formation of engineered carbohydrate assemblies in the condensed phases.
Surface Chemistry and Catalytic Reactivity of Borocarbonitride in Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane
Authors: Wang Guangming , Chen Shunhua , Duan Qiwei , Wei Fenfei , Lin Sen , Xie Zailai
Published: July 2023

Borocarbonitride (BCN) materials are newly developed oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts that can efficiently convert alkanes to alkenes. However, BCN materials tend to form bulky B2O3 due to over‐oxidation at the high reaction temperature, resulting in significant deactivation. Here, we report a series of super stable BCN nanosheets for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) reaction. The catalytic performance of the BCN nanosheets can be easily regulated by changing the guanine dosage. The control experiment and structural characterization indicate that the introduction of a suitable amount of carbon could prevent the formation of excessive B2O3 from BCN materials and maintain the 2D skeleton at a high temperature of 520 °C. The best‐performing catalyst BCN exhibits 81.9 % selectivity towards olefins with a stable propane conversion of 35.8 %, and the propene productivity reaches 16.2 mmol h−1 g−1, which is much better than hexagonal BN (h‐BN) catalysts. Density functional theory calculation results show that the presence of dispersed rather than aggregated carbon atoms can significantly affect the electronic microenvironment of h‐BN, thereby boosting the catalytic activity of BCN.
Electronic Interactions on Platinum/(Metal‐Oxide)‐Based Photocatalysts Boost Selective Photoreduction of CO2 to CH4
Authors: Liu Peng , Men Yu‐Long , Meng Xin‐Yu , Peng Chong , Zhao Yiyi , Pan Yun‐Xiang
Published: July 2023

By supporting platinum (Pt) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles on indium oxide (In2O3), we fabricated a CdS/Pt/In2O3 photocatalyst. Selective photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4) was achieved on CdS/Pt/In2O3 with electronic Pt−In2O3 interactions, with CH4 selectivity reaching to 100 %, which is higher than that on CdS/Pt/In2O3 without electronic Pt−In2O3 interactions (71.7 %). Moreover, the enhancement effect of electronic Pt‐(metal‐oxide) interactions on selective photoreduction of CO2 to CH4 also occurs by using other common metal oxides, such as photocatalyst supports, including titanium oxide, gallium oxide, zinc oxide, and tungsten oxide. The electronic Pt‐(metal‐oxide) interactions separate photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and convert CO2 into CO2δ−, which can be easily hydrogenated into CH4 via a CO2δ−→HCOO*→HCO*→CH*→CH4 path, thus boosting selective photoreduction of CO2 to CH4. This offers a new way to achieve selective photoreduction of CO2.
Optical and magneto‐optical properties of pulsed laser‐deposited thulium iron garnet thin films
Authors: Sharma Apoorva , Ciubotariu Oana T. , Matthes Patrick , Okano Shun , Zviagin Vitaly , Kalbáčová Jana , Gemming Sibylle , Himcinschi Cameliu , Grundmann Marius , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Albrecht Manfred , Salvan Georgeta
Published: July 2023

This work presents a combined optical and magneto‐optical spectroscopic study of thulium iron garnet (Tm3Fe5O12, TmIG) films on substituted gadolinium gallium garnet (Gd2.6Ca0.4Ga4.1Mg0.25Zr0.65O12, sGGG) substrates. Spectroscopic ellipsometry, transmission spectroscopy, magneto‐optical Kerr effect spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy results are presented for TmIG films with a thickness in the range from 20 to 300 nm grown on sGGG by pulsed laser deposition. The complex dielectric functions of TmIG and sGGG are determined and compared with previously published results for bulk yttrium iron garnet and GGG, respectively. The magneto‐optical spectroscopy corroborated with Raman spectroscopy sheds light on strain‐induced changes as a function of TmIG film thickness.
Exploring correlates among Latino/a parents of young children with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Rios Kristina , Burke Meghan
Published: July 2023

Parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), including autism, experience stress in part due to child and parent characteristics. Although there is significant research about the correlates of parent stress, less is known about stress among Latino/a parents of children with IDD. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlates of empowerment, type of disability, stress, and special education knowledge among 61 Latino/a parents of children with IDD. Findings revealed a positive, significant correlation between empowerment and special education knowledge. Parents of children with autism reported significantly greater special education knowledge and stress. Implications for the future research including the need for longitudinal research are discussed.
Novel secretory organelles of parasite origin ‐ at the center of host‐parasite interaction
Authors: Bekić Viktor , Kilian Nicole
Published: July 2023

Reorganization of cell organelle‐deprived host red blood cells by the apicomplexan malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum enables their cytoadherence to endothelial cells that line the microvasculature. This increases the time red blood cells infected with mature developmental stages remain within selected organs such as the brain to avoid the spleen passage, which can lead to severe complications and cumulate in patient death. The Maurer's clefts are a novel secretory organelle of parasite origin established by the parasite in the cytoplasm of the host red blood cell in order to facilitate the establishment of cytoadherence by conducting the trafficking of immunovariant adhesins to the host cell surface. Another important function of the organelle is the sorting of other proteins the parasite traffics into its host cell. Although the organelle is of high importance for the pathology of malaria, additional putative functions, structure, and genesis remain shrouded in mystery more than a century after its discovery. In this review, we highlight our current knowledge about the Maurer's clefts and other novel secretory organelles established within the host cell cytoplasm by human‐pathogenic malaria parasites and other parasites that reside within human red blood cells.
Bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency with xeroderma pigmentosum in a young Asian child
Authors: Gurnani Bharat , Kaur Kirandeep
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

Xeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive disorder with various ocular manifestations of which bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency is a rare manifestation. Timely diagnosis and meticulous management are vital in these cases to prevent irreversible ocular sequelae.

Bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) can be a rare manifestation in patients afflicted with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). The authors report a rare case of a 12‐year‐old boy who presented with redness and defective vision and was diagnosed with bilateral LSCD and hyperpigmented lesion over the face and trunk suggestive of XP.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of α‐Aryl‐Substituted LnDOTA Chelates from Achiral Starting Materials by Deracemization Under Mild Conditions**
Authors: Maier Karley B. , Rust Lauren N. , Kupara Charlene I. , Woods Mark
Published: July 2023

Substituted derivatives of the DOTA framework are of general interest to alter chelate properties and facilitate the conjugation of chelates to other molecular structures. However, the scope of substituents that can be introduced into the α‐position has traditionally been limited by the availability of a suitable enantiopure starting materials to facilitate a stereoselective synthesis. Tetra‐substituted DOTA derivatives with phenyl and benzoate substituents in the α‐position have been prepared. Initial syntheses used enantiopure starting materials but did not afford enantiopure products. This indicates that the integrity of the stereocenters was not preserved during synthesis, despite the homo‐chiral diastereoisomer being the major reaction product. The homochiral diastereoisomer could be produced as the major or sole reaction product when starting from racemic or even achiral materials. Deracemization was found to occur during chelation through the formation of an enolate stabilized by the aryl substituent. This general ability of aryl groups to enable deracemization greatly increases the range of substituents that can be introduced into DOTA‐type ligands with diastereochemical selectivity.
Cyclic Voltammetry as an Activation Method of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Improvement of Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance
Authors: Zos'ko Nikolay A. , Aleksandrovsky Aleksandr S. , Kenova Tatyana A. , Gerasimova Marina A. , Maksimov Nikolay G. , Taran Oxana P.
Published: July 2023

A facile and eco‐friendly method for activating anodic TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) is proposed, and photoelectrochemical properties of CV‐activated TNTs are compared with those of non‐activated TNTs and of TNTs activated by hydrogen‐thermal reduction. EPR and luminescence studies show that the pristine samples demonstrate rather large content of paramagnetic and luminescing defects, while hydrogenation and CV‐activation lead to the different type of rearrangement of defects. TNTs activated by CV‐Na2SO4 demonstrate significantly improved photocurrent density (2.25 mA cm−2) in comparison with that of the hydrogen treated and pristine ones (0.93 mA cm−2 and 0.31 mA cm−2) under NUV‐irradiation at 0.2 V (RHE). Enhanced photoactivity of Na2SO4‐activated TNTs correlates with higher luminescence quantum yield, lowest paramagnetic defects content and larger decay time of the luminescence. Thus, a decrease in the content of defects is an important factor that reduces the non‐radiative recombination of charge carriers. The activation‐induced redistribution of surface and bulk defects in nanotubes explains the increased photoelectrochemical activity of TiO2‐based anodes. Cyclic voltammetry has been proved to be a reliable method to increase the efficiency of TNTs in PEC water splitting.
Assembly of nanostructured lipid carriers loaded gefitinib and simvastatin as hybrid therapy for metastatic breast cancer: Codelivery and repurposing approach
Authors: Sherif Abdelrahman Y. , Harisa Gamaleldin I. , Shahba Ahmad A. , Nasr Fahd A. , Taha Ehab I. , Alqahtani Ali S.
Published: July 2023

Breast cancer represents a life‐threatening problem globally. The major challenge in the clinical setting is the management of cancer resistance and metastasis. Hybrid therapy can affect several cellular targets involved in carcinogenesis with a lessening of adverse effects. Therefore, the current study aims to assemble, and optimize a hybrid of gefitinib (GFT) and simvastatin (SIM)‐loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (GFT/SIM‐NLC) to combat metastatic and drug‐resistant breast cancer. GFT/SIM‐NLC cargos were prepared using design of experiments to investigate the impact of poloxamer‐188 and fatty acids concentrations on the physicochemical and pharmaceutical behavior properties of NLC. Additionally, the biosafety of the prepared GFT/SIM‐NLC was studied using a fresh blood sample. Afterward, the optimized formulation was subjected to an MTT assay to study the cytotoxic activity of GFT/SIM‐NLC compared to free GFT/SIM using an MCF‐7 cell line as a surrogate model for breast cancer. The present results revealed that the particle size of the prepared NLC ranged from (209 to 410 nm) with a negative zeta potential value ranging from (−17.2 to −23.9 mV). Moreover, the optimized GFT/SIM‐NLC formulation showed favorable physicochemical properties and promising lymphatic delivery cargos. A biosafety study indicates that the prepared NLC has a gentle effect on erythrocyte hemolysis. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that GFT/SIM‐NLC enhanced the killing of the MCF‐7 cell line compared to free GFT/SIM. This study concluded that the hybrid therapy of GFT/SIM‐NLC is a potential approach to combat metastatic and drug‐resistant breast cancer.
Higher detectability of gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori eradication in texture and color enhancement imaging mode 2 in screening endoscopy
Authors: Kemmoto Yuichiro , Ozawa Shun‐ichiro , Sueki Ryota , Furuya Keiichi , Shirose Daimon , Wakao Satoshi , Shindo Kuniaki , Nagata Atsushi , Sato Tadashi
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The utility of texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) in detecting gastric cancer (GC) has been investigated. However, few reports exist on TXI mode2 (TXI2) used for detecting GC; this study investigated the efficacy of TXI2 in GC detection during screening endoscopy.

Methods

This study enrolled 13,440 participants with confirmed Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status who underwent screening endoscopy by 20 endoscopists in our health screening center. The participants were divided into two groups: one group was observed using white light imaging (WLI) only by 17 endoscopists (WLI group, 10,745 participants), and the other group was observed using TXI2 only by the other three endoscopists (TXI2 group, 2695 participants). We analyzed the detection rate and the characteristics of GC. In addition, considering the bias due to the diagnostic ability, we analyzed the subset of the WLI group where the participants were evaluated by the top three endoscopists based on their GC detection rate (Expert‐WLI group, 2792 participants) for comparison with the TXI2 group.

Results

Fifty patients were diagnosed with GC. The GC detection rates were 0.68% and 0.71% in the Expert‐WLI and TXI2 groups, respectively. In patients who underwent screening endoscopy after H. pylori eradication, the detection rates of differentiated GC, L‐region lesions, and surface depressed‐type lesions were 0.52%, 0%, and 0.43% in the Expert‐WLI group and 1.36%, 0.78%, and 1.36% in the TXI2 group, respectively.

Conclusions

In screening endoscopy, the detectability of differentiated GC and L‐region lesions and surface depressed‐type lesions after H. pylori eradication was higher in TXI2.
Understanding variation in prospective poor decoders: A person‐centred approach from kindergarten to Grade 2
Authors: Dams Judi E. , Schaars Moniek M. H. , Segers Eliane , Blom Elma
Published: July 2023

In the present study, we aimed to clarify variation in prospective poor decoders by studying the development of their word decoding skills during the first 1½ years of formal reading education and their unique pre‐reading profiles before the onset of formal reading education. Using structural equation modelling and a factorial mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA), we found autoregression and growth in the word decoding efficiency of prospective poor decoders (n = 90) and matched prospective adequate decoders (n = 90) in first and second grade. However, the gap between the two groups widened over time. Next, we zoomed in on the group of poor decoders by retrospectively studying their individual variation regarding cognitive and linguistic pre‐reading skills. Using latent profile analysis, we found three distinct pre‐reading profiles: (1) Poor PA, Letter Knowledge, RAN, and Verbal STM; (2) Poor PA and Letter Knowledge; and (3) Poor RAN. Together, these findings suggest that reading difficulties emerge at the intersection of multiple risk factors which can be detected in kindergarten, and that these reading problems persist throughout early reading education.
Differential ecological adaptation of diverse Chaetoceros species revealed by metabarcoding analysis
Authors: Cui Zongmei , Liu Shuya , Xu Qing , Zhao Yongfang , Chen Nansheng
Published: July 2023

Chaetoceros is a species‐rich genus of marine planktonic diatoms that play an important role in marine ecosystems both as primary producers and as species causing harmful algal blooms (HABs). In this study, we analyzed the composition and dynamic changes in Chaetoceros species in Jiaozhou Bay, China, using metabarcoding analysis of time‐series samples for the first time. Through analyzing samples collected monthly from 12 sampling sites, 25 species of Chaetoceros were detected, including nine species that were not previously reported in this ocean region, highlighting the strength of metabarcoding analysis of Chaetoceros species. Many Chaetoceros species showed strong seasonal preferences, with some species dominating in winter and spring, while others showing prominence in summer and autumn, suggesting sophisticated differential ecological adaptation. With the construction of more comprehensive datasets of reference barcodes, metabarcoding analysis could be used as the next‐generation method in ecological research on Chaetoceros species and phytoplankton species of other genera.
Investigation of Oldroyd‐B fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching sheet with nonlinear radiation and heat source
Authors: Goyal Mamta , Sharma Surbhi
Published: July 2023

The given investigation concerns the study of non‐Newtonian Oldroyd‐B fluid flow across a permeable surface along with nonlinear thermal radiation, chemical reactions, and heat sources. Equations modified are thus numerically evaluated by employing bvp4c‐technique. Obtained outcomes are exhibited graphically. Pictorial notations are used to investigate the consequences of necessary parameters of velocity, energy, and mass. Acquired outcomes provide promising agreement with already established consequences provided in the open literature. The obtained results guided that magnetic field parameter (), porosity parameter (), Deborah number reduce momentum boundary layer thickness, furthermore, growth in the relevant Deborah number improves the corresponding momentum boundary layer.