bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EEG-Based Mental Workload Recognition in Human Factors Evaluation of Future Air Traffic Control Systems
Authors: Liu Yisi  , Trapsilawati Fitri  , Hou Xiyuan  , Sourina Olga  , Chen Chun-Hsien  , Kiranraj Pushparaj  , Mueller-Wittig Wolfgang  , Ang Wei Tech
Published: February 2025

With growing air traffic density, air-traffic controllers (ATCOs) are facing more challenges in interpreting and analyzing air traffic information. As one of the solutions to this problem, automation supports such as tactile human computer interface, interactive 3D radar displays, and conflict resolution aid (CRA) are proposed for the enhancement of the current air traffic control (ATC) systems. To evaluate the proposed ATC systems, questionnaires are commonly used to get the feedback from ATCOs. However, the questionnaires are usually administered upon completion of each ATC simulation task thus provide only overall ratings towards the new ATC systems. In this paper, we propose and implement a novel Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based neurocognitive tools for evaluation of ATC systems. The nature of EEG-based technique is that the brain states can be monitored in a high resolution time, fitting the nature of time-critical ATC tasks. Thus, such EEG-based human factors study allows for real-time monitoring of ATCOs' mental workload during the task performance in ATC systems. We designed and conducted an experiment to evaluate the costs and benefits of the CRA and tactile user interface in future ATC systems. Thirty six participants participated in the experiment and were assigned into three groups of different display modes: Non-Display, Display, and Trajectory Prediction. In each group, three CRA conditions were given: Manual, Reliable and Unreliable. The EEG data were recorded during the tasks, and the traditional workload evaluation method NASA Task Load Index (TLX) was administered at the end of each task. The result shows that the ratings obtained from NASA TLX and from the EEG labeling are highly correlated. Thus, the EEG-based system is reliable to recognize workload during the task performance. With the proposed EEG-based system, we found that 1) relatively high workload was observed at the beginning of the experiment in each group which could be due to participants' unfamiliarity with the interfaces; 2) participants in the trajectory prediction group had much higher workload as compared to vertical display and non-display groups, which could be attributed to its complexity. The changes of workload are due to interaction between the type of display modes and time (p<0.05); 3) workload varied slightly with different CRA setting. The results show that the proposed EEG-based system for human factors study can provide better understanding of real-time mental workload changes during the task performance in new ATC systems, therefore enables the evaluation of current and future ATC systems.
The Effect of Insole Padding System on Muscle Activity, Plantar Pressure and Subjective Responses
Authors: Lee Yu-Chi  , Wang Mao-Jiun  , Chen Chun-Hsien  , Khoo Li Pheng
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of the three insoles including general flat insole (G), ergo-insole (E) and insole padding system (IPS). Fifteen healthy females participated in this study. The response measurements included muscle activity, foot plantar pressure, subjective discomfort, and overall preference rating. One-way ANOVA was conducted to evaluate the insole effect on the response measurements. The results showed that no significant differences between the three insoles were obtained in the four muscle activities of a leg. It means that using the IPS insole would not lead to the higher muscular load or cause fatigue of lower extremities. Significant differences among the three insoles were found in plantar pressures and the results indicated that the lower pressures were obtained in the area of 2nd– 5thmetatarsal, midfoot and heel region when walking with IPS insole. For subjective discomfort rating results, significant discomfort was found in the arch and midfoot area while wearing E and IPS insoles. Nevertheless, wearing E and IPS insoles had better performance on overall subjective preference rating. The results of this study could be a consideration to improve the design of the insoles. Moreover, the findings suggest that walking with IPS insole might enhance the usage of toes in order to improve walking performance without any discomfort in toes and leg fatigue in a short time.
The Effect of Using Video-Based Advertising and Stop-Motion Video to Evaluate Auto Emotional Menu in Recognition Tasks and Communication
Authors: Wang Chuan-Po  , Chen Chien-Hsu  , Lee I.-Jui
Published: February 2025

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has the ability to understand the emotions and expression of other people to identify obstacles, one of which is to recognize the emotional signal. This study attempted to capture the basic emotion feeling in the Video-Based Advertising (VBA) video scene and Stop-Motion Video with Advertising (SMV). Then, it were adopting the Multiple Baseline Across Behaviors Design, focusing on a wide range of nonverbal social hints to promote cognitive attitudes and cognition in children with autism. We designed an auto emotional menu (AEM) to help children with ASD improve their emotional identification ability and make it easier for them to operate answered correctly mood. A speech-generating device (SGD) with AEM designs was intervened on twelve children with ASD, and their improvements were assessed to compare the effects of the AEM intervention strategy. A multiple baseline design and reversal design were used. We studied the effects of two types of advertising videos: Video-Based Advertising (VBA) and SMV, from all developing children (n = 38) and those with ASD (n = 12). Evaluating the differences in their manipulation of AEM judgments to match different facial expression data with the paired mood response. to communicate with others and their accuracy rate, improved their involvement in moods expressed by AEM, and identified facial cues from two different kinds of graphic emoticons.
Modern Chair Innovative Design Approaches and Paths Based on Economic Considerations
Authors: Zhang Zhang  , Cheng Jianxin  , Yang Chaoxiang  , Ye Junnan
Published: February 2025

To design driven innovation strategy furniture firms, diversified product design can improve the market competitiveness on the one hand, and may cause the disturbance of the brand identity and the increase of production cost on the other hand. How to effectively reduce the production cost on the premise of increasing product diversity and remaining the brand identity is one of the major challenges faced by the modern furniture manufacturing enterprise. In this paper, a total of 199 types of chair products from 8 international well-known furniture enterprises were selected as research objects. Case studies were applied to investigate the relationship between the three indicators mentioned above. On this basis, modern chair innovative design approaches and corresponding realization paths were discussed.
New Methods of Designing Stamping Dies Assemblies by Using Generative Models
Authors: Skarka Wojciech  , Neumann Tomasz
Published: February 2025

Designing stamping dies assemblies must obey strict rules and requires a lot of technological knowledge and experience. Designed dies exhibit strong similarity and the process, in spite of the complexity and the need to take into account the specifics of pressed shape, is repeatable. Therefore, the design of stamping dies assemblies can be accelerated by applying Generative Modeling method. The paper presents the process of building Generative Model of stamping dies assemblies in the environment of Siemens NX Knowledge Fusion. In addition, the paper presents a method of building a engineering knowledge base for stamping dies assemblies and the user interface for controlling elaborated Generative Model. Knowledge base and its conceptual model is adapted to acquire knowledge from experts by significantly simplifying the structure of the knowledge base and the use of common computer tools. In addition, the results of Generative Model verification and the process of improvement in the performance on the basis of practical design tasks and the introduction of changes resulting from errors that occur during verification are presented. The constructed Generative Model includes knowledge base, software written in Knowledge Fusion and the user interface. The paper also shows the benefits of using Generative Models in designing stamping dies assemblies.
Research on On-Board Head-Up Display Design Based on Distracted Driving
Authors: Jiang Bin  , Zhao Jun
Published: February 2025

This work will be designed for the driver's distraction driving condition during driving, which aims to improve the driver's spatial awareness and response time. In order to meet these requirements, we analyze and apply the relevant theories such as visual selection and cognitive capture to find out the necessary function of the head-up display interface. Omnidirectional recognition, presenting information when necessary, information division, intelligent braking and call disconnection are five features in the design. In order to prove the effectiveness of the design, we designed the experimental prototype and eye movement experiment to test the design. Overall, this work discusses a huge challenge of Human-machine interface, elaborates many new features of the car interactive interface, and introduces the outcome of user trails that contrast the interface with our design and without our design.
Innovation Design of Organic Waste Processor
Authors: Zhi-Xue Sun  , Chen Chen  , Le Zhang
Published: February 2025

Environmental and economic capability of current organic waste processor is need to be promoted under the background of advocating the development of circular economy. And thus a new design of organic waste processor integrated grinding and granulating is proposed through the application of TRIZ theory and the analysis of organic waste resource characteristics. This would effectively solve problems of resource waste and secondary pollution caused by current organic waste processor. And the operation efficiency can be improved. All this can provide references for other applications of this product.
Research on the Analysis of the Morphological Attributes of LED Lighting Units by Type
Authors: Yun Bong Shik  , Cho Kwang Su
Published: February 2025

This study took used the example of LED lighting units that have two types of morphological characteristics and performed a categorization of similiar products based on their functional similiarity. And the study was carried out with the goal of creating a criteria that can assist in the initial directionality settings for development when developing a lighting unit by extracting the categorization typicality by classification pattern. A total of 3 rounds of surveys were conducted: the 1st round included the morphological classifications, the 2nd round the typicality extraction and the 3rd round design attributes be consecutive design. The surveys were about LED lighting unit products that were released prior to July 2016 and were administered in 6 major cities throughout Korea to people who had either been employed in related industries or who majored in the subject. The surveys were conducted based on the criteria of functional and morphological classifications and formative principles. By conducting joint research with a business to determine the industrial application of the research results, such tangible effects could be expected such as the establishment of effective roles for design technology and the classification of typical models.
Age-Based Maintenance Scheduling with Multiple Maintenance Modes Concern
Authors: Lin Danping  , Chang Danni  , Yang Yang
Published: February 2025

In practical production system, the equipment may shift randomly from working state to the failure state with age deterioration. As the effect of aging on the deterioration rate of most repairable equipment cannot be ignored, and preventive maintenance (PM) activities can only be able to restore part of the performance and corrective maintenance (CM) is performed after failure, efforts should be devoted to combination of PM and CM under age-based policies. This paper considers maintenance scheduling problem with multiple maintenance modes. The objective of this paper is to determine the proper maintenance sequences while minimizing the total cost under equipment age deterioration. This paper develops a model to solve the problem described and uses a yard crane maintenance case to discuss the impact of reliability range parameter.
A Mathematical Model to Evaluate and Improve Lean Management of Healthcare System: A Case Study of Health Examination Center
Authors: Lin Jin-Hung  , Chiu Ming-Chuan
Published: February 2025

Healthcare system plays an important role in our daily life. A well operated healthcare system not only can save lives but also provide good work environment to medical staffs. However, most of the healthcare systems suffer from high workload of medical staff and low customer satisfaction. In addition, the stochastic nature of healthcare services is hard to evaluate the performance. Therefore, this study aims to implement lean management in the healthcare system with lean techniques and a stochastic model to achieve both customer satisfaction and waste reduction simultaneously. The first step is analysis of the current process and collect data to clarify the current status by quality management practices and lean tools. Further, a stochastic mathematical programming model is developed to optimize the performance of this healthcare system. Simulation results show that the efficiency of process flow after leveling is improved about 19.97%, idle ratio of work station is improved about 41.64% and 22.47% and the average flow time is improved about 4 minutes. A health examination center case is applied to demonstrate the benefit of the proposed method. This study might be the first study which implement lean and stochastic characteristics of healthcare system in a mathematical model. This model can serve as a decision support system and can be apply to other service system in lean improvement.
Developing a Cost Model for Aerospace Laser Beam Welding Technology
Authors: Monserrate Estela Balfagon  , Shehab Essam  , Sarfraz Shoaib  , Chinchapatnam Phani
Published: February 2025

A significant proportion of the total unit cost of the product is authorized at the early stage of design phase. Therefore, integrating the capabilities of the manufacturing process into a cost model will lead to optimizing the product design, estimating its cost and attaining a cost reduction from it. Due to the advantages of low cost and greater productivity, Laser Beam Welding (LBW) has been employed as a key process in aerospace industry to manufacture components of gas turbine. This study aims to develop a manufacturing process cost model by collecting and analysing the LBW manufacturing data. The developed model will aid the aerospace industry to estimate the cost of product during early design stage. Detailed statistical analysis of past data was done to develop the LBW cost model which was further validated with several weld inspections to assure the conformity of total unit time and unit cost estimation. LBW cost model will guide the designers to make suitable design at the early design stage which will also be useful in reducing the manufacturing cost of the product and consequently, provide a competitive advantage to aerospace industry.
Applying Connectivism to Engineering Knowledge to Support the Automated Business
Authors: Johansson Joel  , Elgh Fredrik
Published: February 2025

Maintaining products in an automated business includes digitalization and automation of engineering knowledge. When new products are to be developed, and introduced not only has the production processes be automated but also the knowledge regarding how the product should be constituted depending on customer requirements. One big challenge that companies of this kind face is how to make sure that the knowledge automated still can be understood by its stake holders during the development project and after product release and through the whole product life-cycle, which might last for decades.
The Personal Profile of Lean Leader of Leaders
Authors: Nielsen Jacob Steendahl  , Mathiasen John Bang
Published: February 2025

Today companies worldwide are implementing Lean and hereby make their company more effective. It is our observation, that companies are capable of implementing the various tools and techniques of Lean (VSM, Kaizen, Policy deployment, Performance management and PDCA etc. At the same time, it is our experience that many companies struggle or even fail to develop a CI culture. The authors behind this paper consider a lack of essential mindset and personality traits of the Lean leaders as a major contributor to these struggles. The aim of this paper is to address the question: Which personality traits does Excellent Lean leader of leaders have? As an attempt to answer that question, this paper presents a profile description of an excellent Lean leader of leaders based on an assessment made by a Lean experts panel composed from 26 different Danish companies. The personality profile is divided into 16 traits and furthermore compares the profile to the average Dane.
Integration of Knowledge Based Approach and Multi-Criteria Optimization in Multi-Disciplinary Machine Design
Authors: Pokojski Jerzy
Published: February 2025

The approach presented in the paper attempts to integrate the concept of a knowledge based software (knowledge storage/management software) into a multi-criteria optimization applied for a multi-disciplinary problem. The approach focuses on the management issues of a multi-stage solving procedure and its functionalities.
A Value-Oriented Methodology for Cost-Oriented Re-Engineering in the Packaging Sector
Authors: Peruzzini Margherita  , Pellicciari Marcello
Published: February 2025

Anticipating the analysis of cost and performances before the detailed design stage is difficult, but possible thanks to a synthetic analysis of the manufacturing knowledge, a successful collaboration among the numerous actors involved, and a methodology able to highlight the cost issues and to guide a cost-oriented machine design. This paper presents a methodology integrating Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA), Design To Cost (DTC), and Value Analysis (VA) to support companies in cost-effective machine design and cost-oriented re-engineering. This paper demonstrates the validity of the proposed methodology by an industrial case study focusing on packaging machines, developed in collaboration with a world leader company in tissue packaging machines. Thanks to the proposed approach, the company was able to identify those parts to be re-engineered (e.g., oversized parts, parts with unnecessary tolerances, similar parts to be merged into a unique one, common groups to be reused in similar machines, parts or material substitutions, wrong suppliers' selection) and possible technological improvements. A significant cost optimization and global machine sustainability improvement were achieved on a specific packaging machine line, mainly due to product structure simplification, part reuse, improved design solutions, and optimization of selected manufacturing processes.
Disassembly Complexity-Driven Module Identification for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Kim Samyeon  , Moon Seung Ki
Published: February 2025

Additive manufacturing (AM) is revolutionizing product development by producing complex 3D objects directly. AM supports energy efficiency during manufacturing by speeding up the whole product development process, reduction in process and resource usage, and a vast range of different parts with different characteristics by supporting multi-material usage. Accordingly, AM is a sustainable manufacturing technology than current manufacturing technologies. Through these advantages of AM, most research has focused on how to fabricate products with complex structures like lattice and honeycomb structures without considering product lifecycle in product development. Therefore, this study proposes a modular design method to enhance a product recovery strategy using AM technologies. The objective of this paper is to identify modules that are fabricated by AM based on minimizing the disassembly complexity of products. In order to quantify the disassembly complexity at the end-of-life stage, the disassembly complexity of products (PDC) is assessed by considering the number of components and interfaces, and design complexity of the components and interfaces. The PDC is modified to single component complexity index (SCCI) with component and interface complexities simultaneously in this study. Based on the SCCI, a module is identified by consolidating components with high complexity, and can be fabricated by AM. The module contributes to improving product recovery processes by reducing the disassembly complexity. A case study is used to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method by comparing disassembly complexities.
Concurrent Evaluation of Functions and Visual Features for Resource Efficient Design
Authors: Mishima Nozomu  , Naito Tsubasa
Published: February 2025

Visual design features are important for customers as well as function designs to make product attractive. Enhancing product functions can increase cost and environmental impact, while improvement of visual design may not cause increase of environmental impact.This paper discusses a method to quantitatively evaluate the importance of functional and visual design. Using smartphones as a case study, the paper proposes a procedure to evaluate both functional and visual design. The paper applied pair comparison to evaluate the relative importance of 4 visual design features. Then, the result of our previous survey regarding relative importance of 4 functional design items were integrated. Then, the value of smartphones was defined by considering both functions and visual design features.The result showed that functional design features are basically more important than visual design features. However, difference of the most important visual design feature and the least important functional design feature was rather small. This fact suggested that by focusing on providing fancy visual featues rather than increasing unnecessary functions can be a good strategy for resource-efficient design. The paper also measured material compositions of three models of smartphones and calculates environmental impacts based on TMR (Total Material Requirement [1]). Finally, actual values of the resource efficiency were calculated and some general strategies to design resource-efficient products were discussed. Through this effort, an idea to integrated evaluation of functional design and visual design of products were shown and the first step to resource-efficient design has been made.
Self-Sufficient Furniture Design for Farmers in Rural China for Contemporary Living
Authors: Wang Cindy I.-Hsuan  , Laughton Scot
Published: February 2025

The objective of this research is encouraging villagers to be less dependent on outside goods and services, and embracing a more sustainable lifestyle of their own. The first task of this research is learning from several selected outdated furniture in the village and proposing prototypes that are more suitable to the contemporary living styles, while retaining the functionality, workmanship skills, and cultural traditions. This research identifies certain traditional carpentry skills used by village carpenters and demonstrates how their techniques and traditional materials can be adapted to create modern designs that meet these villagers' needs and withstand the harsh environmental conditions. Using ethnographic research, the research illuminates some of the ways the farmers' use their existing furniture, and specifies how the new furniture will meet their needs. The designs that are developed retain the functionality and beauty of traditional forms, and at the same time, upgrade the rural living environment.
Simulated Annealing Algorithm-Based IMMK System for Mould Redesign
Authors: Li Zhi  , Liu Layne  , Wang Waiming
Published: February 2025

The mould industry, a typical single-product customized mode, has the feature of complex structures and a high degree of differentiation of engineering requirements. It is still difficult to ensure a successful mould test at the early stage considering the complexity of mould parting surface and structure. In order to to facilitate the accuracy and efficiency of the mould redesign, this study proposes an injection mould modification knowledge (IMMK) system based on the simulated annealing algorithm (SAA), in which the historical injection mould modification data can be analysed and re-utilised as IMMK. Especially, latent semantic analysis is used to build the knowledge repository. It has been applied in a collaborative mould factory to evaluate the effectiveness and some significant developments have been shown in practical case that it can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of the redesign process.
Copyright Protection in Additive Manufacturing with Blockchain Approach
Authors: Holland Martin  , Nigischer Christopher  , Stjepandić Josip
Published: February 2025

Within “Industrie 4.0” approach 3D printing technology is characterized as one of the disruptive innovations. Conventional supply chains are replaced by value-added networks. The spatially distributed development of printed components, e.g. for the rapid delivery of spare parts, creates a new challenge when differentiating between “original part”, “copy” or “counterfeit” becomes necessary. This is especially true for safety-critical products. Based on these changes classic branded products adopt the characteristics of licensing models as we know them in the areas of software and digital media. This paper describes the use of digital rights management as a key technology for the successful transition to Additive Manufacturing methods and a key for its commercial implementation and the prevention of intellectual property theft. Risks will be identified along the process chain and solution concepts are presented. These are currently being developed by an 8-partner project named SAMPL (Secure Additive Manufacturing Platform).
Utilizing Text Mining and Kansei Engineering to Support Data-Driven Design Automation
Authors: Lin Kong-Zhao  , Chiu Ming-Chuan
Published: February 2025

With the rapid expansion of Web 2.0, more and more people express their views and comments about products online. To understand and satisfy customer requirements, designers need to find out helpful information from online reviews and design a new one as fast as possible. It's an important phase to identify customer requirements in product development process. However, popular products can get hundreds of reviews, designers often spend a lot of time on identifying customer needs. Therefore, to meet customer requirements and speed up product development process, this research proposes a data-driven design method which combines text mining and Kansei engineering. Text mining is dedicated to capture and analyze the key words from customer reviews. Kansei engineering aims to translate customer needs into the product development domain. According to the result of Kansei Engineering, a CAD model will be generated to visualize prototype. Moreover, a case study of bike is provided to demonstrate the practical viability of proposed method. Under the trend of data-driven design, this is the first study that integrates text mining and Kansei engineering in product development process.
A Comparison of a Novel Soft Injection Moulding Tooling Method and Additive Manufacturing for Prototype Production
Authors: Silva Kledson  , Tucker Nick  , Harsley Andy
Published: February 2025

Injection moulding of plastics is commonplace but there is a barrier to new product entrance due the high upfront investment required for mould tool manufacturing. This makes the production of moulded prototypes difficult. Additive manufacturing is a possible solution for short production runs, the length of the run being constrained by the speed of production. This paper quantifies how an innovative short run moulding tool manufacturing technique reduces the costs and time associated to the manufacturing of an injection mould tool, making injection moulded prototypes on a conventional injection moulding machine a more economic option than producing a run of additive manufactured items. The same test geometry is made using injection moulding and additive manufacturing. As well as quantifying the time taken to produce a run of prototypes, the quality of finish is examined by scanning electron microscopy.
Chemical Etching as a Method of Combatting Adhesive Tool Wear During Severe Plastic Deformation of Commercially-Pure Titanium
Authors: Roszak J.A.  , Rosochowski A.  , Rosochowska M.
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates chemical etching as a potential temporary solution to severe adhesive wear experienced during forming of commercially-pure titanium. The aim was to identify contributing factors and experimentally quantify their effects on the etching of CP-Ti and Vanadis 23 tool steel.
Numerical Modelling of the Gas-Powder Flow During the Laser Metal Deposition for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Zeng Quanren  , Tian Yankang  , Xu Zhenhai  , Qin Yi
Published: February 2025

As one of the most popular additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in the aerospace industry, laser metal deposition (LMD) employs moving laser to melt the coaxially ejected metal powders near the laser focal point, forms a molten pool on the substrate and consequently traps the powders and solidifies the tracks to construct the components with complex geometry layer-by-layer. The mechanical properties and functionality-related performance of the deposited components by LMD depend on the factors such as metal powder's material/shape, supply status of powders and gas, laser-related manufacturing parameters. According to these influencing factors, there are 4 sub-processes to be modelled in sequence to realize holistic LMD modelling: (1) CFD simulation of the gas-powder flow; (2) laser-powders interaction; (3) formation of molten pool due to laser irradiation with mass and heat addition; (4) solidification of molten pool with deposited metal powders and formed solid track. In this paper, gas-powder flow within the internal passages of laser deposition head and then ejecting from the nozzles' tips were modelled and analyzed to give a well-depicted image of the related key physics during the LMD process. An in-depth study of the gas-powder flow in LMD via numerical simulation could give a better understanding of subsequent formation mechanism of molten pool and deposited tracks, which will eventually offer more controllable and optimized processing parameter sets to improve the functionality-related performance of LMDed parts.
A Data-Driven Business Model Framework for Value Capture in Industry 4.0
Authors: Schaefer Dirk  , Walker Joel  , Flynn Joseph
Published: February 2025

Manufacturing is undergoing a period of intense change as a result of advanced smart technologies, such as real-time sensors and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). This has paved the way for a new era of digitized manufacturing known as Industry 4.0. It is anticipated that Industry 4.0 will be disruptive enough to present both new opportunities and threats to firms within a new competitive landscape. Manufacturers will be forced to adopt new business models to effectively capture value from the emerging smart technologies. A literature review revealed that few studies have addressed business models for Industry 4.0. Hence, this research addresses: What fundamental principles should companies in the manufacturing industry consider when adopting a data-driven business model? An analysis of four case studies on data-driven business models revealed significant common attributes. Through a SWOT analysis, twelve model principles for implementing a data-driven value capture framework could be identified.
A New Approach to Handling Precise Tolerances
Authors: Lorenzoni Anselm  , Tielemann Christopher  , Sauer Alexander
Published: February 2025

Adherence to tolerances is crucial to the technical quality of a manufactured good. This paper will develop a new approach to tolerances which enables the production of assembly groups that are subject to special fit functions. Fit functions of modules often involve highly precise tolerances. The approach suggested here offers a solution that does not intervene in the design process, does not require expensive machines or error-prone control-loops, and does not use complex assembly procedures. By using modern measurement systems and the infrastructure of Industry 4.0, it is possible to produce assembly groups with high precision parts cost-effectively with equal or better reliability and quality.
Interventions to Develop an Improvement Culture Within Nonprofit Organizations: The Case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almaiman Sulaiman  , McLauglin Patrick  , Al-Ashaab Ahmed
Published: February 2025

It has been confirmed that organizational culture has a remarkable impact on facilitating continuous improvement. Nonetheless, little empirical research has investigated how organizational culture can facilitate continuous improvement. Therefore, this paper asks what interventions facilitate a continuous improvement culture within nonprofit organizations. Qualitative data are suggested as an appropriate method for answering the research question. The present research adopted an interpretive paradigm whereby reality, treated as a subjective and multiple entity that is “socially constructed”, can be mentally explored from the participants' perspectives. Grounded theory was the chosen approach for collecting and analysing the qualitative data; thus, the constructed theories were ‘grounded’ in the data themselves. Thirty one interviews in fifteen nonprofit organizations yielded data which, when analysed revealed a number of interventions, developed by the participants during five focus group discussions.
A Review of Social Media Tools on Knowledge Sharing in Research
Authors: Alshalaan Mohamed  , Tiwari Ashutosh  , Turner Christopher
Published: February 2025

The way researchers share and discuss their work has fundamentally changed since the introduction of social media tools. One area that has received extensive attention is that of real-time technologies for collaboration and communication. Researchers can utilize tools such as Google Docs, Skype and Dropbox to facilitate the exchange of information, the creation of new knowledge and the distribution of research findings in real time. Social media tools are increasingly implemented in research work environments as tools to share knowledge among researchers. As these technologies begin to take hold across universities, it is important that we develop an understanding of how they enable and shape the communication activities through which research work is accomplished. This paper provides a definition of social media for knowledge sharing along with a classification of tools through which this medium is being exploited by the research community. This paper also reviews the area of enterprise social media to establish the state of the art and to propose directions for future research. This study poses three research questions: Which social media tools are popular among engineering and technology researchers?; What are the main factors that affect knowledge sharing in research based on social media tools?; Can a framework be developed to enhance the suitability of social media tools for research?
The Application of Group Consensus Theory to Aid Organizational Learning and Sustainable Innovation Development in Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Thomas Andrew  , Francis Mark  , Fisher Ron  , Haven-Tang Claire
Published: February 2025

This paper will describe and develop a method of exploring situated knowledge within Manufacturing organisations, with employees from a four-tier supply chain utilising a form of Group Consensus Theory (GCT). The approach attempts to identify the attitudes of companies to the development human competencies and, will identify the challenges to improving Organisational Learning in companies through identifying the emotions and politics of leadership and learning in order to articulate how situated knowledge is ignored, as well as utilised. Direct feedback from industrialists will inform the analysis of how and in what way UK manufacturers can meet these challenges. The method developed is practical, and may be used by organisations for themselves to aid the development of group as well as individual reflection, to stimulate the consideration of change.
A Quantitative Study of the Barriers to Lean Manufacturing Implementation in Libya
Authors: Abduelmula Mohamed  , Birkett Martin  , Connor Chris
Published: February 2025

This paper considers the obstacles that face manufacturing companies in Libya to implement Lean manufacturing systems. Lean manufacturing has been developed to eliminate manufacturing wastes and thus improve operational efficiency in many manufacturing processes and industries. This paper aims to evaluate the significance of the barriers to implementing Lean manufacturing in the Libyan environment. In this study a mixed method approach is used, starting with a questionnaire as a quantitative method and followed by conducting interviews to obtain qualitative data. A structured questionnaire was developed and circulated to a large number of manufacturing companies, the paper discusses the findings of the questionnaire and how these can offer an opportunity to develop the interview in the future. The Statistical Package for the Social Science software was used to analyse the data of the surveys. A framework will be proposed to find a suitable implementation process of lean manufacturing to develop the manufacturing sector in Libya.
Improving Manufacturing Systems with Regard to the Concept of Ultra-Efficiency
Authors: Miehe Robert  , Stender Siegfried  , Hessberger Nicolas  , Mandel Joerg  , Sauer Alexander
Published: February 2025

Sustainable manufacturing is essential for a future green economy. Due to its nonspecific phrasing its prospects are, however, heavily weakened. Thus the concept of ultra-efficiency was developed recently as a vision of future manufacturing systems. Based on a unique system model, five key spheres of action and two enabling technologies, prospective production environments are expected to eliminate waste and emissions thoroughly. Yet, present manufacturing companies mostly experience a lack of position reckoning to begin with. In this paper we hence present a tailored approach for sustainable position reckoning and operational improvement at different organizational layers using Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Sustainability Balanced Scorecard, Material Flow Cost Accounting and Life Cycle Assessment. The concept was successfully tested in four manufacturing companies in Germany proving extensive transparency gain and organizational improvement.
Design and Planning Petroleum Supply Chain
Authors: Saad Sameh M.  , Elsaghier Elganidi H.  , Ezaga David
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the petroleum industry has grown increasingly complex as a result of tighter competition, stricter environmental regulations and lower profit margins. These factors and others forced petroleum companies for a greater need in strategic planning and optimisation in order to make decisions that satisfy conflicting multi-objective situation, goals of maximising expected profit while simultaneously minimising risk. The main purpose of this paper is the design and development of a simulation model for a petroleum supply chain to be used as a planning and decision making tool while considering factors such as oil flow rate, quality of crude oil, distillation time and separators failure rate. The simulation model is then designed and implemented to measure the performance of the petroleum supply chain proposed. ARENA software is used to build the proposed models and the results of experiments are analysed using SPSS software.
Sustainable Manufacturing Assessment: Approach and the Trend Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis
Authors: Gbededo Mijoh  , Liyanage Kapila
Published: February 2025

Recently, Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment framework has been launched for experts from different disciplinary fields to discuss and develop a holistic and integrated approach that supports effective sustainability decisions. Many authors have used different and combination of methodologies in support of this goal; some authors focus on competitive manufacturing with integrated environmental protection elements, some focus on energy and resource efficient technologies and eco-designs while other authors underscored the importance of holistic assessment of the three sustainability factors to drive effective sustainable manufacturing. However, it is evidence from the research that the existing approaches lack holistic and analytical approach that consolidates the objectives of other sustainable product development methods. This paper used a structured approach to a literature review to systematically examine sustainable manufacturing approach and the move from segmented assessment methods to the holistic and integrated Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis, and identify gaps both in practice and research within the manufacturing industry domain. In view of the result, the research proposed a framework that integrates goals that support progressive sustainable product development with methods that focus on the holistic quantitative analysis of the manufacturing production process.
Modelling of Temperature Distribution in Orthogonal Machining Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Ojolo Sunday Joshua  , Yinusa Ahmed Amok  , Ismail Sikiru Oluwarotimi
Published: February 2025

This work employs finite element method (FEM) to model the temperature distribution of a mild steel with a carbide cutting tool insert in an orthogonal machining. The finite element model was simulated with MATLABTMand validated with experimental data. The temperature rise on the shear plane and the effect of different cutting parameters such as rake angles, cutting speed and forces were investigated. The results obtained were contour and surface plots at a bottom surface z = 0 and surface z = 0.02. It shows that the minimum and maximum temperatures of 200 and 400 K were recorded at the extreme end and tip of the tool respectively, due to high friction on the tip contact area, at the bottom surface z = 0. The minimum and maximum temperatures of 285 and 310 K at the extreme end and tip of the tool were recorded respectively, at a surface z = 0.02. In addition, it was observed that an increase in temperature caused an increase in cutting speed at different rake angles. Similarly, an increased in shear force caused an increase in temperature at different rake angles. The effect of thickness on temperature rise showed that the thinner the chip, the higher the temperature on the shear plane. It was evident that the maximum temperature occurred at the tool tip, as the temperature decreased with distance away from the tool tip. Consequently, the minimum temperature occurred at the extreme end of the tool.
Foundation for a Consistent Benchmark on Workflow Technologies for the Aerospace Manufacturing Engineering Industry
Authors: Rojo Abollado Jaime  , Shehab Essam
Published: February 2025

Workflow management Systems (WfMSs) support the automation of all or parts of a company business processes. This technology is considered key by many businesses from a strategic point of view, and its market growth does not show any sign of receding. Business process digitisation is a crucial component of the digital transformation and the aerospace manufacturing engineering industry is lacking research efforts on the performance of different workflow management systems. In order to compare different workflow solutions, they need to be categorised based on some criteria. This research provides a classification of the different workflow technologies that exist in the market, with the respective advantages and disadvantages, together with a high level approach for a consistent digitisation of different workflows.
An Approach to PLC in Fast Moving Consumer Goods: A Case Study from Pakistan
Authors: Zahoor Sadaf  , Shehzad Adeel  , Case Keith  , Saram Muhammad Usman  , Zahoor Zain  , Chaudhry Ijaz Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) is possibly the toughest and most disciplined of all industries. The survival, market share and profitability of a FMGC organization rely on number of factors including innovative thoughts, focused consumer, competitor analysis and deep marketing knowledge. These factors are necessary considerations throughout the Product Life Cycle (PLC). PLC analysis is considered to be a valuable tool for strategic planning for organizations and was first introduced to track the product's progress in all phases from introduction to disposal. FMCG organizations gain a competitive edge by using a product life cycle approach over those who do not use it. This paper presents a case study of a local FMGC organization and its approach to PLC. The study revealed that the PLC approach has significant effects on the success of the product in the market.
Simulation Data Management in a Product Lifecycle Management Context
Authors: Iriondo Aitor  , Oscarsson Jan  , Jeusfeld Manfred A.
Published: February 2025

Reuse of virtual engineering models and simulations improves engineering efficiency. Reuse requires preserving the information provenance. This paper suggests a framework based on the 7W data provenance model to be part of simulation data management implemented in product lifecycle management systems. The resulting provenance framework is based on a case study in which a product was re-engineered using finite element analysis.
Identification of Critical Building Blocks in PLM System Implementation in the Automotive Supply Chain
Authors: Zammit Joseph Paul  , Gao James  , Evans Richard David
Published: February 2025

In today's industrialised world, manufacturers must adapt and evolve their Product Development (PD) processes through the adoption of bespoke ICT tools. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and its associated tools are one option manufacturers may choose to assist in this change. However, PLM tools are not always viable due to costs associated and system integration issues; therefore, careful selection and consideration of the most appropriate tool, which meets company requirements, needs to be taken before selection and implementation. This paper presents a case study of a Tier 1 supplier in the automotive industry, identifying the critical building blocks for successful implementation and integration of a PLM system in to their manufacturing operations. A framework is proposed to assist manufacturers in identifying and ranking the building blocks which should be considered when implementing such PLM tools.
Retrieval of Manufacturing Knowledge Using Machine Learning – A Review
Authors: Ostermeyer Emeric  , Danjou Christophe  , Durupt Alexandre  , Le Duigou Julien
Published: February 2025

Data-driven models, and maturating data-treatment tools, now allow for automation in a wide range of domains. The data-rich domain that is NC machining presents a strong potential for automation, in this regard, and the smart factory calls for knowledge capitalisation in manufacturing.