bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: One-Year Outcomes in 40 Patients
Authors: Sachs Donald , Capobianco Robyn
Published: August 2013

Background. SI joint pain is difficult to diagnose due to overlapping symptoms of the lumbar spine, and until recently, treatment options have been limited. The purpose of this retrospective study is to report on the safety and effectiveness of MIS SI joint arthrodesis using a series of triangular, porous plasma coated implants in patients refractory to conservative care.Methods. We report on the first 40 consecutive patients with one-year follow-up data that underwent MIS SI joint fusion with the iFuse Implant System (SI-BONE, Inc., San Jose, CA) by a single surgeon. Medical charts were reviewed for demographics, perioperative metrics, complications, pain scores, and satisfaction.Results. Mean age was 58 years (range 30–81) and 75% of patients were female. Postoperative complications were minimal and included transient trochanteric bursitis (5%), facet joint pain (20%), and new low back pain (2.5%). There were no reoperations at one year. Mean pain score improved from 8.7 (1.5 SD) at baseline to 0.9 (1.6) at 12 months, a 7.8-point improvement (P<.001). Patient satisfaction was very high.Conclusions. The results of this case series reveal that MIS SI joint fusion using the iFuse Implant System is a safe and effective treatment option in carefully selected patients.
Chronic Conditions and Receipt of Treatment among Urbanized Rural Residents in China
Authors: Chen Juan
Published: August 2013

While undergoing the unprecedented urbanization process in the past few decades, China has also experienced a major epidemiological shift from predominantly infectious diseases to chronic conditions. Using data from a national survey of 1,288 respondents in urban China, this study examines the prevalence of chronic conditions and receipt of treatment among urbanized rural residents who have experienced in situ urbanization. Negative binomial and logistic regressions were applied to estimate the differences in chronic conditions, receipt of treatment, and concern of seeking medical treatment among urbanized rural residents as compared to urban residents and rural-to-urban migrants. The results indicate that urbanized rural residents have similar number or prevalence of chronic conditions with urban residents, but they are less likely to receive treatment particularly for cardiovascular conditions. The analysis further reveals that urbanized rural residents are more anxious about their potential inability to cover medical expenses than both urban residents and rural-to-urban migrants. The study stresses the converging prevalence of chronic conditions but the continuing divide in receipt of treatment between urban residents and urbanized rural residents. As China’s urbanization continues with the epidemiological transition, there is an urgent need to address such disparities.
Factors Affecting Seedling Emergence and Dry Matter Characteristics in Musa balbisiana Colla
Authors: Nwauzoma A. B. , Moses K.
Published: August 2013

The effects of storage duration (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days), sterilization with sodium hypochlorite (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%), and weaning media on seedling characteristics and dry matter content in Musa balbisiana seedlings were studied. The experiment was factorial in a completely randomized design with five replicates. The result indicates that increase in NaOCl concentration and number of days in storage significantly (P=0.5) increased the period of seedling emergence. Also, soaking in NaOCl for 20 min had significant effect on average seedling emergence at 15 and 20% concentrations, compared to 10 min soaking at the same concentrations. The combined effects of storage duration and sterilization resulted in a decrease in the duration of seedling emergence. Seeds previously sterilized with either water or NaOCl had no significant effect on seedling growth, leaf and corm dry weight, but affected almost all the dry matter traits. A mixture of poultry manure, top soil, and river sand as weaning media gave better seedling growth and increased dry matter characteristics. We conclude that M. balbisiana seeds require after-ripening treatment to enhance germination, sterilizing seeds with 5% NaOCl for 10 min and air-drying under ambient condition for 2–6 days were found most appropriate, and a mixture of poultry manure, top soil, and river sand is recommended as weaning medium for growth and dry matter composition in M. balbisiana seeds.
Metastasis to the Male Breast from Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Genç Berhan , Solak Aynur , Şahin Neslin , Gülşen Aşkın
Published: August 2013

Metastasis to breast from extra mammarian organs is quite rare with an incidence of 0.5–3%. Malignancies that most commonly metastasize to breast are lymphomas, leukemias, and malignant melanoma. Metastasis of lung cancer to breast is a very rare condition. We present here a case with squamous cell lung cancer that metastasized to breast. A 65-year-old man presented with cough in addition to a mass in the left breast, which had been noted 3 weeks ago and grown gradually since then. A histopathological diagnosis of metastasis of squamous lung cancer was made for the mass in the left breast. PET/CT scan showed no distant metastasis. Chemoradiation therapy was applied for lung cancer. As the prognosis of such patients is extremely poor, it is of a great importance to distinguish a primary breast cancer from a metastatic breast lesion in order to determine the appropriate treatment modality.
Reformulating Psychological Difficulties in People with Parkinson’s Disease: The Potential of a Social Relational Approach to Disablism
Authors: Simpson Jane , McMillan Helen , Reeve Donna
Published: August 2013

Research investigating the psychological difficulties experienced by people with Parkinson's disease (PD) is dominated by individualistic neurobiological and psychological perspectives. Therefore, this opinion paper draws on a reformulation of the social model of disability, Thomas' (1999) and (2007) social relational approach to disablism, to offer an alternative way of conceptualising psychological difficulties experienced by people with PD. This opinion paper explores the ways in which socially imposed restrictions and stigma may contribute to psychological difficulties by using Thomas' (2007) concept of psychoemotional disablism. By using the lens of psychoemotional disablism, this paper demonstrates that people with PD can be exposed to stigmatising attitudes and interactions which could contribute to restrictions, feelings of shame, and psychological difficulties such as depression. Accordingly, it is argued that further attention to the link between psychological difficulties and social dimensions of disablism in PD is needed in both research arenas and clinical practice to broaden understandings and interventions for people with PD.
Delirium in Acute Stroke: A Survey of Screening and Diagnostic Practice in Scotland
Authors: Carin-Levy Gail , Nicol Kath , van Wijck Frederike , Mead Gillian E.
Published: August 2013

Aims. To survey the use of delirium screening and diagnostic tools in patients with acute stroke across Scotland and to establish whether doctors and nurses felt the tools used were suitable for stroke patients. Methods. An invitation to participate in a web-based survey was e-mailed to 217 doctors and nurses working in acute stroke across Scotland. Descriptive statistics were used to report nominal data, and content analysis was used to interpret free text responses. Results. Sixty-five responses were logged (30% return rate). 48% of the respondents reported that they routinely screened newly admitted patients for delirium. Following initial screening, 38% reported that they screened for delirium as the need arises. 43% reported using clinical judgment to diagnose delirium, and 32% stated that they combined clinical judgment with a standardised tool. 28% of the clinicians reported that they used the Confusion Assessment Method; however, only 13.5% felt that it was suitable for stroke patients. Conclusions. Screening for delirium is inconsistent in Scottish stroke services, and there is uncertainty regarding the suitability of screening tools with stroke patients. As the importance of early identification of delirium on stroke outcomes is articulated in recent publications, validating a screening tool to detect delirium in acute stroke is recommended.
Combined Treatment with Low Concentrations of Decitabine and SAHA Causes Cell Death in Leukemic Cell Lines but Not in Normal Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Brodská Barbora , Holoubek Aleš , Otevřelová Petra , Kuželová Kateřina
Published: August 2013

Epigenetic therapy reverting aberrant acetylation or methylation offers the possibility to target preferentially tumor cells and to preserve normal cells. Combination epigenetic therapy may further improve the effect of individual drugs. We investigated combined action of demethylating agent decitabine and histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA (Vorinostat) on different leukemic cell lines in comparison with peripheral blood lymphocytes. Large decrease of viability, as well as huge p21WAF1 induction, reactive oxygen species formation, and apoptotic features due to combined decitabine and SAHA action were detected in leukemic cell lines irrespective of their p53 status, while essentially no effect was observed in response to the combined drug action in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors. p53-dependent apoptotic pathway was demonstrated to participate in the wtp53 CML-T1 leukemic cell line response, while significant influence of reactive oxygen species on viability decrease has been detected in p53-null HL-60 cell line.
Numerical Solution and Simulation of Second-Order Parabolic PDEs with Sinc-Galerkin Method Using Maple
Authors: Secer Aydin
Published: August 2013

An efficient solution algorithm for sinc-Galerkin method has been presented for obtaining numerical solution of PDEs with Dirichlet-type boundary conditions by using Maple Computer Algebra System. The method is based on Whittaker cardinal function and uses approximating basis functions and their appropriate derivatives. In this work, PDEs have been converted to algebraic equation systems with new accurate explicit approximations of inner products without the need to calculate any numeric integrals. The solution of this system of algebraic equations has been reduced to the solution of a matrix equation system via Maple. The accuracy of the solutions has been compared with the exact solutions of the test problem. Computational results indicate that the technique presented in this study is valid for linear partial differential equations with various types of boundary conditions.
Poly(4‐Vinylpyridinium)Hydrogen Sulfate Catalyzed an Efficient and Ecofriendly Protocol for the One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of 1,8‐Acridinediones in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Banothu Janardhan , Bavantula Rajitha , Crooks Peter A.
Published: August 2013

Highly efficient, ecofriendly, and improved protocol for the synthesis of 1,8‐acridinediones has been developed via one‐pot multicomponent condensation of 1,3‐cyclohexanedione/dimedone, aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium acetate utilizing poly(4‐vinylpyridinium)hydrogen sulfate as catalyst in aqueous medium. Excellent yields in shorter reaction time, simple work‐up procedure, easy recovery, and reusability of the catalyst are attractive features of this green protocol.
Damage Source Identification of Reinforced Concrete Structure Using Acoustic Emission Technique
Authors: Panjsetooni Alireza , Bunnori Norazura Muhamad , Vakili Amir Hossein
Published: August 2013

Acoustic emission (AE) technique is one of the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques that have been considered as the prime candidate for structural health and damage monitoring in loaded structures. This technique was employed for investigation process of damage in reinforced concrete (RC) frame specimens. A number of reinforced concrete RC frames were tested under loading cycle and were simultaneously monitored using AE. The AE test data were analyzed using the AE source location analysis method. The results showed that AE technique is suitable to identify the sources location of damage in RC structures.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy as an Alternative to Brachytherapy in Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Kubicek Gregory J. , Xue Jinyu , Xu Qianyi , Asbell Sucha O. , Hughes Leslie , Kramer Noel , Youssef Ashraf , Chen Yan , Aikens James , Saul Howard , Pahlajani Niraj , LaCouture Tamara
Published: August 2013

Introduction. Brachytherapy plays a key role in the treatment of many gynecologic cancers. However, some patients are unable to tolerate brachytherapy for medical or other reasons. For these patients, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) offers an alternative form of treatment.Methods. Retrospective review of patients prospectively collected on SBRT database is conducted. A total of 11 gynecologic patients who could not have brachytherapy received SBRT for treatment of their malignancies. Five patients have been candidates for interstitial brachytherapy, and six have required tandem and ovoid brachytherapy. Median SBRT dose was 25 Gy in five fractions.Results. At last followup, eight patients were alive, and three patients had died of progressive disease. One patient had a local recurrence. Median followup for surviving patients was 420 days (median followup for all patients was 120 days). Two patients had acute toxicity (G2 dysuria and G2 GI), and one patient had late toxicity (G3 GI, rectal bleeding requiring cauterization).Conclusions. Our data show acceptable toxicity and outcome for gynecologic patients treated with SBRT who were unable to receive a brachytherapy boost. This treatment modality should be further evaluated in a phase II study.
Generalized and Stability Rational Functions for Dynamic Systems of Reactor Kinetics
Authors: Aboanber Ahmed E.
Published: August 2013

The base of reactor kinetics dynamic systems is a set of coupled stiff ordinary differential equations known as the point reactor kinetics equations. These equations which express the time dependence of the neutron density and the decay of the delayed neutron precursors within a reactor are first order nonlinear and essentially describe the change in neutron density within the reactor due to a change in reactivity. Outstanding the particular structure of the point kinetic matrix, a semianalytical inversion is performed and generalized for each elementary step resulting eventually in substantial time saving. Also, the factorization techniques based on using temporarily the complex plane with the analytical inversion is applied. The theory is of general validity and involves no approximations. In addition, the stability of rational function approximations is discussed and applied to the solution of the point kinetics equations of nuclear reactor with different types of reactivity. From the results of various benchmark tests with different types of reactivity insertions, the developed generalized Padé approximation (GPA) method shows high accuracy, high efficiency, and stable character of the solution.
Best Proximity Point Results for Modified --Proximal Rational Contractions
Authors: Hussain N. , Kutbi M. A. , Salimi P.
Published: August 2013

We first introduce certain new concepts of --proximal admissible and ---rational proximal contractions of the first and second kinds. Then we establish certain best proximity point theorems for such rational proximal contractions in metric spaces. As an application, we deduce best proximity and fixed point results in partially ordered metric spaces. The presented results generalize and improve various known results from best proximity point theory. Several interesting consequences of our obtained results are presented in the form of new fixed point theorems which contain famous Banach's contraction principle and some of its generalizations as special cases. Moreover, some examples are given to illustrate the usability of the obtained results.
The Geography of Clusters: The Case of the Video Games Clusters in Montreal and in Los Angeles
Authors: Pilon Sylvianne , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle
Published: August 2013

The aim of our research was to examine how clusters appear and develop in the video game sector. We thus did a comparative study of the video games cluster in Montreal and Los Angeles. This paper shows that concentration of human creativity in arts and in technology is a significant economic localization factor, but cross-fertilization of sectors and public policy also contributes to the understanding of the emergence of clusters in certain urban regions. Thus, political and industrial factors offer an explanation as to why clusters emerge and how they evolve, going beyond the purely geographic or economic factors. In LA as in Montreal, the cross-fertilization with film is important. However, in Montreal, it is the public policy contributing to financing jobs in the Multimedia City and the French language that brought Ubisoft to the city; this contributed to make the city well known in the field, creating a “brand” for the city and thus fuelling the cluster development.
Nm23-H1 Binds to Gelsolin and Inactivates Its Actin-Severing Capacity to Promote Tumor Cell Motility and Metastasis
Authors: Marino Natascia , Marshall Jean-Claude , Collins Joshua W. , Zhou Ming , Qian Yongzhen , Veenstra Timothy , Steeg Patricia S.
Published: August 2013

Nm23-H1 has been identified as a metastasis suppressor gene, but its protein interactions have yet to be understood with any mechanistic clarity. In this study, we evaluated the proteomic spectrum of interactions made by Nm23-H1 in 4T1 murine breast cancer cells derived from tissue culture, primary mammary tumors, and pulmonary metastases. By this approach, we identified the actin-severing protein Gelsolin as binding partner for Nm23-H1, verifying their interaction by coimmunoprecipitation in 4T1 cells as well as in human MCF7, MDA-MB-231T, and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells. In Gelsolin-transfected cells, coexpression of Nm23-H1 abrogated the actin-severing activity of Gelsolin. Conversely, actin severing by Gelsolin was abrogated by RNA interference–mediated silencing of endogenous Nm23-H1. Tumor cell motility was negatively affected in parallel with Gelsolin activity, suggesting that Nm23-H1 binding inactivated the actin-depolymerizing function of Gelsolin to inhibit cell motility. Using indirect immunoflourescence to monitor complexes formed by Gelsolin and Nm23-H1 in living cells, we observed their colocalization in a perinuclear cytoplasmic compartment that was associated with the presence of disrupted actin stress fibers. In vivo analyses revealed that Gelsolin overexpression increased the metastasis of orthotopically implanted 4T1 or tail vein–injected MDA-MB-231T cells (P = 0.001 and 0.04, respectively), along with the proportion of mice with diffuse liver metastases, an effect ablated by coexpression of Nm23-H1. We observed no variation in proliferation among lung metastases. Our findings suggest a new actin-based mechanism that can suppress tumor metastasis. Cancer Res; 73(19); 5949–62. ©2013 AACR.
Ascending Transaqueductal Cystoventriculoperitoneal Shunting in Dandy-Walker Malformation: Technical Note
Authors: Unal Omer Faruk , Aras Yavuz , Aydoseli Aydin , Akcakaya Mehmet Osman
Published: August 2013

The optimal treatment for Dandy-Walker malformation is still controversial. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting, cystoperitoneal shunting or combinations are the most common surgical options in the management of this clinical entity. Endoscopic procedures like ventriculocystostomy, 3rd ventriculostomy or endoscopy-assisted shunt surgeries have become the focus of recent publications. We describe a new transcystic endoscopic technique, with the usage of a single ascending transaqueductal shunt catheter with additional holes, whereby both the posterior fossa cyst and supratentorial ventricular compartments are drained effectively. By using this new technique complications associated with combined shunting can be avoided. In addition, by equalizing the pressure within the supra- and infratentorial compartments, the upward or downward herniations associated with single-catheter shunting can be prevented.
Revisiting Physical Examination: Abadie's Sign and Achilles Intratendinous Changes in Subjects with Diabetes
Authors: Abate Michele , Schiavone Cosima , Salini Vincenzo , Andia Isabel
Published: August 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not the positivity of Abadie's sign could be an indicator of asymptomatic Achilles intratendinous changes. Subjects and Methods: A total of 18 patients (36 tendons) suffering from diabetes, with at least 1 Achilles tendon positive to Abadie's sign, were compared to matched subjects with diabetes bilaterally negative to Abadie's sign. Anthropometric measures and the Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score were registered. Echotexture was evaluated and degenerative features classified as absent, mild, moderate and severe. The frequencies of structural abnormalities, according to both Abadie's sign and the Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score, were determined. Results: In the first group 26 out of 36 tendons (72.2%) showed positive Abadie's sign and a significantly higher frequency of moderate and severe (65.3%) structural abnormalities compared to Achilles tendons with negative sign (4.3%; p < 0.0001). This frequency was similar to that observed in the subjects with the highest Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (64.2%). Conclusions: This study showed that Abadie's sign was a useful tool for assisting in the diagnosis of asymptomatic Achilles intratendinous changes, which, when detected early, could help prevent unexpected tendon rupture. The concordance between Abadie's sign and Achilles sonographic abnormalities needs to be evaluated in a larger sample to consider it useful for practical purposes.
“All Those Truly Acquainted with the History of Those Times”: John Adams and the Opposition Politics of Revolutionary England, ca. 1640–41
Authors: Orihel Michelle
Published: August 2013

In the aftermath of the Stamp Act crisis, John Adams encountered a volume of English revolutionary pamphlets from the early 1640s. By examining that volume within the context of Adams's evolving political and historical thought, this article illustrates how the puritan experience of tyranny helped to justify opposition to British imperial authority.
Two New Species of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the High Andes of Colombia
Authors: MANTILLA JUAN S. , MONCADA LIGIA I. , MATTA NUBIA E. , ADLER PETER H.
Published: August 2013

The females, males, pupae, and larvae of two new species of Simulium are described and illustrated from a small stream 3950 m above sea level in the Lake Otún area of the Colombian Andes Mountains. Simulium (Pternaspatha) quimbayium n. sp. represents a 630-km northeastern extension of the distributional range of previously known members of the subgenus Pternaspatha, and Simulium (Psilopelmia) machetorum n. sp. represents the highest altitude recorded for a species of the subgenus Psilopelmia. These species illustrate the unique simuliid biodiversity in the páramo ecosystem of the high northern Andes.
Fungus-feeding thrips from Australia in the worldwide genus Hoplandrothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A. , TREE DESLEY J.
Published: August 2013

From Australia, 16 species of Hoplandrothrips are here recorded, of which 11 are newly described. An illustrated key is provided to 15 species, but Phloeothrips leai Karny cannot at present be recognised from its description. The generic relationships between Hoplandrothrips, Hoplothrips and some other Phlaeothripinae that live on freshly dead branches are briefly discussed.
Description of a new unusual Pselaphodes Westwood, 1870 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from Nepal
Authors: BEKCHIEV ROSTISLAV , HLAVÁČ PETER
Published: August 2013

A recent work of Yin et al. 2013 provides a description of an interesting species Pselaphodes monoceros Yin & Hlaváč, 2013. This species was tentatively placed in the genus Pselaphodes Westwood, 1870 although it displays some characters atypical for the genus, such as nearly symmetrical maxillary palpi, with palpomere III without distinct lateral projection and male sexual character located on the clypeus. On the basis of this species the taxonomical limit of the genus was extended, but the correctness of this placement will have to be confirmed by serious phylogenetic analysis (Yin et al. 2013).
Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Beijing Urban Heat Island Intensity
Authors: Yang Ping , Ren Guoyu , Liu Weidong
Published: August 2013

An hourly dataset of automatic weather stations over Beijing Municipality in China is developed and is employed to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of urban heat island intensity (UHII) over the built-up areas. A total of 56 stations that are located in the built-up areas [inside the 6th Ring Road (RR)] are considered to be urban sites, and 8 stations in the suburban belts surrounding the built-up areas are taken as reference sites. The reference stations are selected by using a remote sensing method. The urban sites are further divided into three areas on the basis of the city RRs. It is found that the largest UHII generally takes place inside the 4th RR and that the smallest ones occur in the outer belts of the built-up areas, between the 5th RR and the 6th RR, with the areas near the northern and southern 6th RR experiencing the weakest UHI phenomena. On a seasonal basis, the strongest UHII generally occurs in winter and weak UHII is dominantly observed in summer and spring. The UHII diurnal variations for each of the urban areas are characterized by a steadily strong UHII stage from 2100 local solar time (LST) to 0600 LST and a steadily weak UHII stage from 1100 to 1600 LST, with the periods 0600–1100 LST and 1600–2100 LST experiencing a swift decline and rise, respectively. UHII diurnal variation is seen throughout the year, but the steadily strong UHII stage at night is longer (shorter) and the steadily weak UHII stage during the day is shorter (longer) during winter and autumn (summer and spring).
Geographic proximity and third-party joiners in militarized interstate disputes
Authors: Joyce Kyle A , Braithwaite Alex
Published: August 2013

A rich literature addresses how a state’s capabilities, its desire to aid or exploit a warring neighbor, and its alliance commitments determine whether or not the state joins an ongoing conflict. However, an important geopolitical consideration – proximity to the location of the ongoing conflict – has yet to be examined. The authors argue that states are more likely to join conflicts that occur close to their territories than conflicts that are located at a greater distance, and that accounts that do not pay attention to this distance are incomplete. Proximity to the location of an ongoing conflict affects the opportunity for a state to join (by decreasing costs), while also affecting the state’s willingness to join (by increasing the potential threat to the state’s security). A series of statistical models provide evidence for the authors’ claims: a state’s opportunity to join and its willingness to aid or exploit a neighbor in conflict, or to fulfill its alliance commitments, are each conditioned by its proximity to the location of the conflict. This conditioning effect of dispute location is important because it helps account for cases that appear to contradict the expectations of existing arguments regarding capabilities, contiguity, and alliances – such as when weak, non-contiguous, and non-allied states join ongoing conflicts and strong, contiguous, and allied states do not join.
Disillusionment in Cohabiting and Married Couples
Authors: Niehuis Sylvia , Reifman Alan , Lee Kyung-Hee
Published: August 2013

Using a national sample of married ( N = 752) and cohabiting ( N = 323) couples, we examined the association between disillusionment and self-perceived breakup likelihood. Because disillusionment had not previously been studied in cohabiting couples, its extent and consequences for them were not known. We found considerable disillusionment in cohabiters, their mean level exceeding that of married couples. Based on a conceptual model of relationship change, we tested further whether disillusionment would predict self-perceived breakup likelihood, controlling for relationship satisfaction, commitment, and length. Furthermore, based on assumptions about barriers to leaving different types of relationships, we examined whether disillusionment’s association with breakup likelihood would be stronger in cohabiting than married couples. Results supported disillusionment’s ability to predict perceived breakup likelihood, even with rigorous controls, and the greater strength of this association in cohabiters. In addition, we found a significantly positive partner effect: Male partners’ disillusionment predicted female partners’ breakup likelihood.
The costs and effects of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and digital substraction angiography on quality of life in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Bosma Jan , Dijksman Lea M , Lam Kayan , Wisselink Willem , van Swijndregt Alexander D Montauban , Vahl Anco
Published: August 2013

Background

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) both have a high diagnostic performance in the imaging of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). However, little is known about the effects of initial, preoperative imaging using MRA or DSA on quality of life (QoL) in relation to costs (cost-utility).

Purpose

To compare cost-utility of treatment strategies using either MRA or DSA as the principal imaging tool, related to QoL, in patients with PAOD.

Material and Methods

In a prospective subgroup analysis of patients randomized between MRA and DSA ( n = 79) for preoperative imaging, QoL questionnaires (SF-36) were obtained at randomization and at 4-month follow-up. Cost-effectiveness from hospital perspective was subsequently compared between groups and the difference in gained or lost QoL per € spent assessed using bootstrap analysis.

Results

No difference in quality of life was found. A treatment trajectory employing MRA as the principal imaging modality was almost 20% cheaper, leading to a better cost-utility ratio in favor of MRA.

Conclusion

A treatment plan for peripheral arterial occlusive disease employing MRA versus DSA as the principal imaging modality yields a better cost/QoL ratio for MRA.
Restoration of the Meniscus
Authors: Hutchinson Ian D. , Moran Cathal J. , Potter Hollis G. , Warren Russell F. , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: August 2013

Over the past 2 decades there has been a profound shift in our perception of the role of the meniscus in the knee joint. Orthopaedic opinion now favors salvaging and restoring the damaged meniscus where possible. Basic science is characterizing its form (anatomy) and functionality (biological and biomechanical) in an attempt to understand the effect of meniscal injury and repair on the knee joint as a whole. The meniscus is a complex tissue and has warranted extensive basic science, translational, and clinical research to identify techniques to augment healing and even replace the meniscus. The application of quantitative magnetic resonance image sequencing to the meniscus and articular cartilage of the affected compartment promises to add a quantifiable outcome measure to the body of clinical evidence that supports restoration of the meniscus. This article discusses the recent advances and outcomes in the pursuit of meniscal restoration with particular focus on the use of augmentation strategies in meniscal repair, meniscal imaging, and translational strategies.
Antimicrobial Selection and Its Impact on the Incidence of Clostridium difficile–Associated Diarrhea
Authors: Montoya Michael , DeTorres Olga
Published: August 2013

The study objective was to determine which antimicrobials place patients at a higher risk for Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea (CDAD) and which interventions can reduce their risk. All patients with diarrhea and a positive toxin assay for Clostridium difficile for 3 months were included in the study. Patients were broken down into either community-acquired infection or health care–associated infection based on symptom onset, antibiotic usage prior to admission, and where the patient was admitted from. Physicians were educated on antimicrobials that place patients at higher risk for CDAD and alternative agents to use. Physician education consisted of in-service presentations, posters, Medical Grand Rounds, and an article in the physician newsletter highlighting the initial results of this study and alternative antimicrobial regimens. After implementation of educational programs, a repeat sample of patients was reviewed to determine effectiveness of the physician education. Cases of CDAD increased secondary to testing changes at our facility. Implicated antimicrobial usage did decrease after educational program implementation.
The Role of Vancomycin and Metronidazole for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile–Associated Diarrhea
Authors: Tart Serina B.
Published: August 2013

For the treatment of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea (CDAD), metronidazole and vancomycin remain the most commonly used agents. The major advantage of metronidazole is its low cost, while the advantage of oral vancomycin is a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile. The epidemiology and clinical severity of CDAD have changed due to the emergence of a hypervirulent strain (BI/NAP1/027). In 2010, the Infectious Diseases Society of America/Society for Health Care Epidemiology of America expert panel defined severe CDAD and recommended oral vancomycin to treat these patients. Metronidazole remains the preferred agent for treatment of mild to moderate CDAD.
Preliminary reliability analysis of a high-altitude airship’s envelope
Authors: Liu Jian , Wang Quan-bao , Chen Ji-an , Zhao Hai-tao , Duan Deng-ping
Published: August 2013

To analyze the reliability of an airship’s envelope, the methodology of structural reliability analysis is adopted. The basic theory and the detailed steps of the algorithm of the first-order reliability method are discussed. For finding multiple design points, the method of adding bulge to the limit-state function is applied. With regard to the problem of envelope’s reliability, the safety criterion and limit state function of the airship’s envelope are analyzed. The mathematical model of the envelope’s maximum stress is also presented. The reliability simulation of a stratospheric airship’s envelope is taken as an example. Results of sensitivity analyses of the envelope are also obtained.
Two Items Remembered as Precisely as One
Authors: Bae Gi Yeul , Flombaum Jonathan I.
Published: August 2013

In the ongoing debate about the efficacy of visual working memory for more than three items, a consensus has emerged that memory precision declines as memory load increases from one to three. Many studies have reported that memory precision seems to be worse for two items than for one. We argue that memory for two items appears less precise than that for one only because two items present observers with a correspondence challenge that does not arise when only one item is stored—the need to relate observations to their corresponding memory representations. In three experiments, we prevented correspondence errors in two-item trials by varying sample items along task-irrelevant but integral (as opposed to separable) dimensions. (Initial experiments with a classic sorting paradigm identified integral feature relationships.) In three memory experiments, our manipulation produced equally precise representations of two items and of one item.
Degenerate mode shapes for rectangular membranes and simply supported rectangular plates
Authors: Kang Jae-Hoon , Wei Bing
Published: August 2013

The accuracy of the nodal patterns of combined degenerate mode shapes for a square membrane by previous researchers is investigated, and the nodal patterns of superimposed degenerate modes for square and non-square membranes and simply-supported plates are presented in a full range of amplitude ratios.
The Collective Origins of Valued Originality
Authors: Haslam S. Alexander , Adarves-Yorno Inmaculada , Postmes Tom , Jans Lise
Published: August 2013

Prevailing approaches to individual and group creativity have focused on personal factors that contribute to creative behavior (e.g., personality, intelligence, motivation), and the processes of behaving creatively and appreciating creativity are understood to be largely unrelated. This article uses social identity and self-categorization theories as the basis for a model of creativity that addresses these lacunae by emphasizing the role that groups play in stimulating and shaping creative acts and in determining the reception they are given. We argue that shared social identity (or lack of it) motivates individuals to rise to particular creative challenges and provides a basis for certain forms of creativity to be recognized (or disregarded). Empirical work informed by this approach supports eight novel hypotheses relating to individual, group, and systemic dimensions of the creativity process. These also provide an agenda for future creativity research.
Parenting as a Reaction Evoked by Children’s Genotype
Authors: Avinun Reut , Knafo Ariel
Published: August 2013

Parenting has been extensively studied but mostly as a causal factor influencing child outcomes. The aim of the current article is to examine the child’s side of the relationship by meta-analyzing studies which used quantitative genetic methods that provide leverage in understanding causality. A meta-analysis of 32 children-as-twins studies of parenting revealed a heritability estimate of 23%, thus indicating that genetically influenced behaviors of the child affect and shape parental behavior. The shared- and nonshared-environmental estimates, which amounted to 43% and 34%, respectively, indicate not only substantial consistency in parental behavior but also differential treatment within the family. Assessment method, age, and parenting dimension were found to be significant moderators of these influences. Our findings stress the importance of accounting for genotype-environment correlations in child-development studies and call into question previous research that interpreted correlational results in unidirectional terms with parenting as the sole causal factor.
Meaning of caring in pediatric intensive care unit from the perspective of parents
Authors: Mattsson Janet Yvonne , Arman Maria , Castren Maaret , Forsner Maria
Published: August 2013

When children are critically ill, parents still strive to be present and participate in the care of their child. Pediatric intensive care differs from other realms of pediatric care as the nature of care is technically advanced and rather obstructing than encouraging parental involvement or closeness, either physically or emotionally, with the critically ill child. The aim of this study was to elucidate the meaning of caring in the pediatric intensive care unit from the perspective of parents. The design of this study followed Benner’s interpretive phenomenological method. Eleven parents of seven children participated in observations and interviews. The following aspects of caring were illustrated in the themes arising from the findings: being a bridge to the child on the edge, building a sheltered atmosphere, meeting the child’s needs, and adapting the environment for family life. The overall impression is that the phenomenon of caring is experienced exclusively when it is directed toward the exposed child. The conclusion drawn is that caring is present when providing expert physical care combined with fulfilling emotional needs and supporting continuing daily parental care for the child in an inviting environment.
Assessing pediatric patient’s risk of distress during health-care encounters
Authors: Staab Jennifer H , Klayman Gail Jean , Lin Li
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Psychosocial Risk Assessment in Pediatrics (PRAP). PRAP is a screening tool designed to assess pediatric patients who are at risk of experiencing elevated distress during health-care encounters. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 200 pediatric patients. Patient’s distress levels were observed during their health-care encounter using the Children’s Emotional Manifestation Scale (CEMS). Health-care staff and parents were asked to rate the patient’s level of cooperation and stress. Exploratory factor analysis supported a single latent factor structure of the PRAP tool. Cronbach’s α for internal reliability was .83. PRAP score was strongly correlated with CEMS score with r = .82 ( p < .0001). The PRAP is a standardized, reliable, and valid method for health-care providers to assess a patient’s risk of experiencing significant distress during treatment or testing.
Examination of parent–child adjustment in juvenile rheumatic diseases using depression-specific indices of parent and youth functioning
Authors: Bonner Margaret S , Ramsey Rachelle R , Ryan Jamie L , Fedele David A , Mullins Larry L , Wagner Janelle L , Jarvis James N , Chaney John M
Published: August 2013

Studies demonstrate a link between parental distress, youth illness appraisals, and depression symptoms in youth with juvenile rheumatic diseases. However, the exclusive use of broadband (i.e. general) measures of parental distress in these studies has resulted in conceptual and clinical imprecision regarding the parent–child adjustment process. Our aim was to reanalyze previously published data (i.e. Wagner et al., 2003 ) using a depression-specific scale derived from the general adult distress measure in the original study. Parents completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), youth completed the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Illness Intrusiveness Scale (IIS-C). Thirteen Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) depression-specific items from the BSI comprised the parent measure of Depressive Symptoms Scale (DS). Consistent with Wagner et al. (2003) , adult DS scores were associated with youth CDI scores. However, youth illness appraisals had unique effects on the parent–child depression relation. Elevated youth perceptions of illness intrusiveness amplified the negative effect of parent depressive symptoms on youth depressive symptoms; decreased illness intrusiveness buffered the negative effect of parent depression. The empirical and clinical implications of assessing parent and youth adjustment in a domain-specific manner are discussed.
Overplaying the diversity card: When a superordinate group overrepresents the prevalence of a minority group
Authors: Spoor Jennifer R. , Jetten Jolanda , Hornsey Matthew J.
Published: August 2013

Despite the fact that groups and organizations often portray themselves as more diverse than they really are, the consequences of such practices for the minority who is overrepresented are not well understood. Focusing on Asian university students in Australia, we conducted three experiments to examine minority group members’ perceptions when the superordinate group (the university) overrepresents the minority group in advertising. Minority group members tended to be less favorable toward overrepresentation compared to other types of representation (Studies 1 and 2), an effect that was most pronounced for those who strongly identified with their minority group (Study 3). The negative effect of minority overrepresentation was not detected among majority group members. If anything, in Study 1, majority group members were more positive toward overrepresentation and were more willing to help the superordinate group in an overrepresentation than a no minority representation condition. Future research directions and practical implications are discussed.
Observing culture: Differences in U.S.-American and German team meeting behaviors
Authors: Lehmann-Willenbrock Nale , Allen Joseph A. , Meinecke Annika L.
Published: August 2013

Although previous research has theorized about team interaction differences between the German and U.S. cultures, actual behavioral observations of such differences are sparse. This study explores team meetings as a context for examining intercultural differences. We analyzed a total of 5,188 meeting behaviors in German and U.S. student teams. All teams discussed the same task to consensus. Results from behavioral process analyses showed that German teams focused significantly more on problem analysis, whereas U.S. teams focused more on solution production. Moreover, U.S. teams showed significantly more positive socioemotional meeting behavior than German teams. Finally, German teams showed significantly more counteractive behavior such as complaining than U.S. teams. We discuss theoretical and pragmatic implications for understanding these observable differences and for improving interaction in intercultural teams.
Qualitative evaluation of a self-management intervention for people in the early stage of dementia
Authors: Martin Faith , Turner Andrew , Wallace Louise M , Stanley Damian , Jesuthasan Jana , Bradbury Nicola
Published: August 2013

Self-management programs are effective for people living with chronic illnesses. However, there has been little research addressing self-management for people with dementia in the early stages. This study presents a qualitative evaluation of the experiences of attending a novel self-management program and initial process evaluation. The program was designed with and for people with dementia. It addresses: (a) relationship with family, (b) maintenance of an active lifestyle, (c) psychological well-being, (d) techniques to cope with memory changes and (e) information about dementia. Six participants with early stage dementia completed the intervention that was co-delivered by lay and clinical professional tutors. Participants and tutors attended focus group and interviews at the end of the program to explore their perceptions of the intervention. These were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Participants reported enjoyment and benefits from the intervention. This was despite some reporting concerns relating to their memory difficulties. The program's flexible nature, focus on strengths and the opportunity to spend time with other people living with dementia were particularly well received. Participants and tutors outlined areas for further improvement. The program was feasible and its flexible delivery appeared to facilitate participant benefit. Emphasis should be placed on maintaining activity and relationships, improving positive well-being and social interaction during the program. Memory of the pleasant experience and strengths focus was evidenced, which may impact positively on quality of life. The results highlight the usefulness and acceptability of self-management for people with early stage dementia and provide initial support for the program's structure and content.
Little Mosque, Small Screen
Authors: Conway Kyle
Published: August 2013

The success of Canada’s Little Mosque on the Prairie (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation [CBC], 2007–2012) suggests that multicultural broadcasting policy can serve as a tool to overcome the tendency in Western media to stereotype Muslims. But close examination of the show’s genesis and production reveals that policy was one factor within a complex network of factors, including the religious beliefs of the creator and executive producers, the desire for relevance among network executives, and the need to devise strategies for funding production. In other words, policy’s effect was indirect: it did not cause the production of Little Mosque, but it did provide an impetus for the CBC to take a risk it might not otherwise have taken.