bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial strategy for targeted elimination of different microbes, including bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens
Authors: Mitsunaga Makoto , Ito Kimihiro , Nishimura Takashi , Miyata Hironori , Miyakawa Kei , Morita Takeshi , Ryo Akihide , Kobayashi Hisataka , Mizunoe Yoshimitsu , Iwase Tadayuki
Published: July 2022

The continuous emergence of microbial pathogens for which there are no effective antimicrobials threatens global health, necessitating novel antimicrobial approaches. Here, we present a targeted antimicrobial strategy that can be applied to various microbial pathogens. A photoimmuno-conjugate composed of an antibody against the target pathogen and a photoplastic phthalocyanine-derivative probe that generates photo-induced mechanical stress was developed based on photoimmuno-technology. This strategy, named as photoimmuno-antimicrobial strategy (PIAS), eliminates targeted pathogens, regardless of the target species or drug-resistance status. Specifically, PIAS acts on a broad range of microbes, including the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, fungal pathogen Candida albicans, including their drug-resistant strains, and viral pathogen SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Furthermore, PIAS protects mice from fatal infections without damaging the non-targeted host microbiota and tissues. This study may contribute to the development of next-generation anti-infective therapies.
Nano pom-poms prepared exosomes enable highly specific cancer biomarker detection
Authors: He Nan , Thippabhotla Sirisha , Zhong Cuncong , Greenberg Zachary , Xu Liang , Pessetto Ziyan , Godwin Andrew K. , Zeng Yong , He Mei
Published: July 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly nano-sized small EV exosomes, are emerging biomarker sources. However, due to heterogeneous populations secreted from diverse cell types, mapping exosome multi-omic molecular information specifically to their pathogenesis origin for cancer biomarker identification is still extraordinarily challenging. Herein, we introduced a novel 3D-structured nanographene immunomagnetic particles (NanoPoms) with unique flower pom-poms morphology and photo-click chemistry for specific marker-defined capture and release of intact exosome. This specific exosome isolation approach leads to the expanded identification of targetable cancer biomarkers with enhanced specificity and sensitivity, as demonstrated by multi-omic exosome analysis of bladder cancer patient tissue fluids using the next generation sequencing of somatic DNA mutations, miRNAs, and the global proteome (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD034454). The NanoPoms prepared exosomes also exhibit distinctive in vivo biodistribution patterns, highlighting the highly viable and integral quality. The developed method is simple and straightforward, which is applicable to nearly all types of biological fluids and amenable for enrichment, scale up, and high-throughput exosome isolation.
Exercise-induced CITED4 expression is necessary for regional remodeling of cardiac microstructural tissue helicity
Authors: Eder Robert A. , van den Boomen Maaike , Yurista Salva R. , Rodriguez-Aviles Yaiel G. , Islam Mohammad Rashedul , Chen Yin-Ching Iris , Trager Lena , Coll-Font Jaume , Cheng Leo , Li Haobo , Rosenzweig Anthony , Wrann Christiane D. , Nguyen Christopher T.
Published: July 2022

Both exercise-induced molecular mechanisms and physiological cardiac remodeling have been previously studied on a whole heart level. However, the regional microstructural tissue effects of these molecular mechanisms in the heart have yet to be spatially linked and further elucidated. We show in exercised mice that the expression of CITED4, a transcriptional co-regulator necessary for cardioprotection, is regionally heterogenous in the heart with preferential significant increases in the lateral wall compared with sedentary mice. Concordantly in this same region, the heart’s local microstructural tissue helicity is also selectively increased in exercised mice. Quantification of CITED4 expression and microstructural tissue helicity reveals a significant correlation across both sedentary and exercise mouse cohorts. Furthermore, genetic deletion of CITED4 in the heart prohibits regional exercise-induced microstructural helicity remodeling. Taken together, CITED4 expression is necessary for exercise-induced regional remodeling of the heart’s microstructural helicity revealing how a key molecular regulator of cardiac remodeling manifests into downstream local tissue-level changes.
Neoadjuvant study of niraparib in patients with HER2-negative, BRCA-mutated, resectable breast cancer
Authors: Spring Laura M. , Han Hyo , Liu Minetta C. , Hamilton Erika , Irie Hanna , Santa-Maria Cesar A. , Reeves James , Pan Peng , Shan Ming , Tang Yongqiang , Graham Julie R. , Hazard Sebastien , Ellisen Leif W. , Isakoff Steven J.
Published: July 2022

This single-arm pilot study (NCT03329937) evaluated neoadjuvant niraparib antitumor activity and safety in patients with localized HER2-negative, BRCA-mutated breast cancer. Twenty-one patients received niraparib 200 mg once daily in 28-day cycles. After 2 cycles, tumor response (≥30% reduction from baseline) by MRI was 90.5% and 40.0% (6 of 15) of patients who received only niraparib (2–6 cycles) had pathological complete response; no new safety signals were identified. High niraparib intratumoral concentration was observed.
The Complementary Value of Absolute Coronary Flow in the Assessment of Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease
Authors: Aubiniere-Robb Louise , Gosling Rebecca , Taylor Daniel J. , Newman Tom , Hose D. Rodney , Halliday Ian , Lawford Patricia V. , Narracott Andrew J. , Gunn Julian P. , Morris Paul D.
Published: July 2022

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the current gold standard invasive assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). FFR reports coronary blood flow (CBF) as a fraction of a hypothetical and unknown normal value. Although used routinely to diagnose CAD and guide treatment, how accurately FFR predicts actual CBF changes remains unknown. In this study, we compared fractional CBF with absolute CBF (aCBF, in ml min−1), measured with a computational method during standard angiography and pressure wire assessment, on 203 diseased arteries (143 patients). We found a substantial correlation between the two measurements (r = 0.89 and Cohen’s kappa = 0.71). Concordance between fractional and absolute CBF reduction was high when FFR was >0.80 (91%) but reduced when FFR was ≤0.80 (81%), 0.70–0.80 (68%) and, particularly, 0.75–0.80 (62%). Discordance was associated with coronary microvascular resistance, vessel diameter and mass of myocardium subtended, all factors to which FFR is agnostic. Assessment of aCBF complements FFR and may be valuable to assess CBF, particularly in cases within the FFR ‘gray zone’.
Synthetic helical peptide capping strategies
Authors: Whisenant Jonathan , Burgess Kevin
Published: July 2022

Peptidic helix mimics may be formed by “stapling” mid-helix side chains, or “capping” termini so hydrogen bond donors and acceptors there are satisfied. This review considers the differences between them and the potential areas for future development.
Synthesis of boron-doped carbon nanotubes by thermocatalytic decomposition of ethanol using a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method: kinetic study
Authors: Sawant Shrilekha V. , Dasgupta Kinshuk , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. , Patwardhan Ashwin W.
Published: July 2022

The effect of different reaction parameters helped in understanding the structure–property relationship in B-doped CNTs. A plausible reaction kinetic model and a reaction mechanism were proposed for the FCCVD synthesis of BCNTs.
Capability of Au nano-rhombic dodecahedra in a label-free colorimetric assay: application in the determination of S2− and Hg2+
Authors: Shi Yali , Chen Qianyuan , Liu Yuejun , Wang Guoqing
Published: July 2022

Au nano-rhombic dodecahedra  with high sensitivity to the environmental refractive index afford sensitive detection of S2- and Hg2+.
Vanadium dissolution at 30 °C and its suppression at a low temperature of −20 °C for a Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 cathode
Authors: Liao Yuxin , Geng Fushan , Jiang Yu , Shen Ming , Hu Bingwen
Published: July 2022

Na3V1.5Cr0.5(PO4)3 cycled at 30 °C shows fast capacity decay, due to the migration of V ions into the electrolyte and the loss of V3+/V4+ redox.
Dielectric barrier discharge-accelerated one-pot synthesis of sulfur quantum dots for fluorescent sensing of lead ions and l-cysteine
Authors: Yang Manlin , Li Chenghui , Tian Yunfei , Wu Lan , Hu Jing , Hou Xiandeng
Published: July 2022

One-pot facile synthesis of sulfur quantum dots using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-accelerated H2O2 etching strategy in 20 min for the detection of Pb2+ ions and l-cysteine.
An electron acceptor featuring a B–N covalent bond and small singlet–triplet gap for organic solar cells
Authors: Liu Xinyuan , Pang Shuting , Zeng Liang , Deng Wanyuan , Yang Mingqun , Yuan Xiyue , Li Junyu , Duan Chunhui , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: July 2022

BNTT2F, an electron acceptor featuring B–N covalent bond and a singlet–triplet gap of 0.20 eV is reported. The acceptor offered an efficiency of 8.30% in solar cells, suggesting the prospect of B–N covalent bond in designing photovoltaic materials.
Design and synthesis of new luminescent coordination networks of sql topology showing the highest degrees of interpenetration
Authors: Blasi Delia , Quici Silvio , Orlandi Simonetta , Mercandelli Pierluigi , Sokolov Andrey V. , Alexandrov Eugeny V. , Carlucci Lucia
Published: July 2022

The highest degree of interpenetration reported so far of 7- and 8-fold is realized in two luminescent sql 2D networks by self-assembly of a new nanometric-sized ligand with Ag(i) salts.
Novel D–A chromophores with condensed 1,2,4-triazine system simultaneously display thermally activated delayed fluorescence and crystallization-induced phosphorescence
Authors: Maggiore Antonio , Tan Xiaofeng , Brosseau Arnaud , Danos Andrew , Miomandre Fabien , Monkman Andrew P. , Audebert Pierre , Clavier Gilles
Published: July 2022

A new triazine acceptor unit is prepared and investigated together with common donors in D–A materials. With carbazole donors, changes in environment are able to elicit highly varied delayed emission behaviour.
Infrared spectroscopic monitoring of solid-state processes
Authors: Biliškov Nikola
Published: July 2022

We put a spotlight on IR spectroscopic investigations in materials science by providing a critical insight into the state of the art, covering both fundamental aspects, examples of its utilisation, and current challenges and perspectives focusing on the solid state.
Effects of vacancy defects on the magnetic properties of vanadium diselenide monolayers: a first principle investigation
Authors: Zhu Yan , Gao Yinlu , Jiang Xue , Zhao Jijun
Published: July 2022

Our DFT study provides a comprehensive insight into the vacancy effect of VSe2 monolayers on magnetism.
Chemical reactions of graphitic carbon nitride films with glass surfaces and their impact on photocatalytic activity
Authors: Akaike Kouki , Hosokai Ayako , Nagashima Hiroki , Wei Qingshuo , Hosokai Takuya
Published: July 2022

Reactions of graphitic carbon nitride film with soda-lime glasses alter a fraction of terminal amines with electron-withdrawing groups. The resulting energy offsets promote the free-charge generation and thereby photodegradation of an organic dye.
First-principles prediction on antimony-doping effects on the cyclic stability of tin anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yu Jiwon , Yang Tsung-Hsuan , Hao Wei , Lee Myungsuk , Hwang Gyeong S.
Published: July 2022

While pure tin and antimony-doped tin are found to exhibit distinctly different lithiation behaviors, this work highlights that high-performance tin-based anodes can be designed via fine-tuning of doping.
Recent advances in dopant-free organic hole-transporting materials for efficient, stable and low-cost perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yan Pengyu , Yang Daobin , Wang Hongqian , Yang Shuncheng , Ge Ziyi
Published: July 2022

This article reviews important advances in dopant-free organic hole-transporting materials for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells since 2020.
A mechanochemical approach to the synthesis of sydnones and derivatives
Authors: Pétry Nicolas , Luttringer Florian , Bantreil Xavier , Lamaty Frédéric
Published: July 2022

Sydnones and iminosydnones were synthesizedviamechanochemistry.
The potential mechanisms of bergamot-derived dietary fiber alleviating high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and obesity in rats
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Hua Jianxin , Chen Shuxi , Zhao Lichao , Wang Qun , Zhou Aimei
Published: July 2022

This study is aimed to investigate the health-associated benefits of bergamot-dietary fibers (DFs) with a special emphasis on weight loss and lipid-lowering effects, as well as the potential mechanisms involved.
The influence of a tomato food matrix on the bioavailability and plasma kinetics of oral gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its precursor glutamate in healthy men
Authors: de Bie Tessa H. , Balvers Michiel G. J. , de Vos Ric C. H. , Witkamp Renger F. , Jongsma Maarten A.
Published: July 2022

The pureed tomato food matrix does not affect the bioavailability of gamma-aminobutyric acid, while glutamate from tomatoes is absorbed slower, and with a lower peak concentration, relative to a solution in water.
Kinetic analysis of the growth behavior of perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in a microfluidic system
Authors: Tang Xiaobing , Yang Fuqian
Published: July 2022

Kinetic analysis of the growth of perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals synthesized in a microfluidic system; correlation among the bandgap, total flow rate (growth time) and synthesis temperature.
A versatile optofluidic microreactor for artificial photosynthesis induced coenzyme regeneration and l-glutamate synthesis
Authors: Huang Ziyu , Wang Lei , Yang Chonghui , Chen Jiaci , Zhao Gaozhen , Huang Xiaowen
Published: July 2022

A facile method was developed to build efficient and versatile microfluidic platforms, namely, a fully immobilized microreactor (FIM) and a controllable partially immobilized microreactor (PIM), for NADH regeneration and l-glutamate synthesis.
Impact of the crystalline phase of binary silicide on its lithiation and delithiation properties
Authors: Domi Yasuhiro , Usui Hiroyuki , Ando Takumi , Sakaguchi Hiroki
Published: July 2022

The reversible capacity is not dependent on the amount of Si included in the silicide; the capacity was found to be independent on the composition of silicide even in the case of a given transition metal making up the silicide.
Synthesis of textured discontinuous-nanoisland Ca3Co4O9 thin films
Authors: Xin Binbin , Le Febvrier Arnaud , Lu Jun , Paul Biplab , Eklund Per
Published: July 2022

Discontinuous films with islands of highly textured Ca3Co4O9 effectively constituting distributed nanoparticles can be obtained by controlling the Ca/Co ratio.
Polariscopy with optical near-fields
Authors: Meguya Ryu , Ng Soon Hock , Han Molong , Anand Vijayakumar , Katkus Tomas , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Appadoo Dominique , Nishijima Yoshiaki , Juodkazis Saulius , Morikawa Junko
Published: July 2022

Polarisation analysis of light–matter interactions established for propagating optical far-fields is now extended into an evanescent field as demonstrated in this study using an attenuated total reflection (ATR) setup and a synchrotron source at THz frequencies.
Monodisperse-porous Mn5O8 microspheres as an efficient catalyst for fast degradation of organic pollutants via peroxymonosulfate activation
Authors: Özcan Sinem , Yıldırım Duygu , Çıldıroğlu Hasan Özgür , Polat Mustafa , Hamaloğlu Kadriye Özlem , Tosun Rukiye Babacan , Kip Çiğdem , Tuncel Ali
Published: July 2022

Monodisperse-porous Mn5O8 microspheres with multiple oxidation states were used as a highly stable, efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the fast degradation of organic pollutants via peroxymonosulfate activation.
Synthesis and evaluation of sulfonyl-substituted ruthenium complex as potential antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zhang Chun-Yan , Yu Ru-Jian , Wang Li-Qiang , Huang Hai-Yan , Xiao Meng-Qi , Duan Xue-Min , Wang Jin-Tao , Liao Xiang-Wen , Xiong Yan-Shi
Published: July 2022

A new ruthenium complex was synthesized, which can effectively prevent the development ofS. aureusdrug-resistance and with high antibacterial activityin vitroandin vivo.
Photocatalytic activity study of ZnO modified with nitrogen–sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots under visible light
Authors: Liu Huadong , Li Hewei , Du Kezhen , Xu Haoxuan
Published: July 2022

Enhanced degradation rate of RhB under visible light by N,S-CQDs-modified ZnO.
Catalytic asymmetric construction of dispirotriheterocyclic structures through [3+2] cycloadditions of 4-amino pyrazolone-based azomethine ylides
Authors: Huang Yue , Bao Xiaoze , Wei Xingfu , Zhang Jianfang , Nawaz Shah , Qu Jingping , Wang Baomin
Published: July 2022

An efficient and convenient catalytic asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition of 4-amino pyrazolone-based azomethine ylides was developed, which delivers the multi-pharmacophore-containing dispirotriheterocyclic scaffolds with excellent stereoselectivities.
Toward temperature-insensitive near-infrared optical gain using low-toxicity Ag2Se quantum dots
Authors: Liao Chen , Tang Luping , Li Yan , Sun Shaoling , Wang Liye , Xu Jie , Jia Yunzhe , Gu Zixuan
Published: July 2022

Benefiting from the large interstate spacing, long biexciton Auger lifetime and relatively large acoustic phonon energy, the temperature-insensitive threshold and peak position of near-infrared ASE are achieved in Ag2Se QDs.
Photoluminescent polymer cubosomes prepared by RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly
Authors: Fan Bo , Wan Jing , Zhai Jiali , Teo Nicholas Kai Shiang , Huynh Andy , Thang San H.
Published: July 2022

The preparation of photoluminescent polymer assemblies with a wide range of morphologies, including spongosomes and cubosomes, via an efficient RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (RAFT-PISA) process, was demonstrated.
Effect of Pr/Zn on the anti-humidity and acetone-sensing properties of Co3O4 prepared by electrospray
Authors: Fan Xiangxiang , Wang Junfeng , Sun Chuanlong , Huang Chun , Lu Yujie , Dai Pan , Xu Yajuan , He Wuming
Published: July 2022

With the synergistic effect of Pr and Zn, the material of Co3O4 mixed with Pr/Zn exhibits improved properties of anti-humidity and acetone sensitivity.
Influence of pH on the kinetics of hydrolysis reactions: the case of epichlorohydrin and glycidol
Authors: Tollini Flavio , Occhetta Alice , Broglia Francesca , Calemma Vincenzo , Carminati Stefano , Storti Giuseppe , Sponchioni Mattia , Moscatelli Davide
Published: July 2022

A kinetic model of hydrolysis, chlorination and dehydrochlorination involving epichlorohydrin and glycidol, covering a broad range of temperature and pH, was developed.
Structural control in the nanoassembly of the tungsten and molybdenum dithiolene complex analog
Authors: Bhuyan Jagannath , Pakhira Bholanath , Begum Ameerunisha , Sarkar Sabyasachi , Tripathi Kumud Malika
Published: July 2022

A strategy for precisely tuning the self-assembly of tungsten and molybdenum dithiolene complexes to nanoflowers and nanopolyhedra is put forward.
An induced-fit model for asymmetric organocatalytic reactions: a case study of the activation of olefins via chiral Brønsted acid catalysts
Authors: Harden Ingolf , Neese Frank , Bistoni Giovanni
Published: July 2022

We elucidate the stereo-controlling factors of the asymmetric intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of terminal olefins catalyzed by bulky Brønsted acids [Science2018, 359 (6383), 1501–1505] using high-level electronic structure methods.
Fingerprint-based deep neural networks can model thermodynamic and optical properties of eumelanin DHI dimers
Authors: Bosch Daniel , Wang Jun , Blancafort Lluís
Published: July 2022

Solving the challenge of melanin structure is important to realize its potential as smart biomaterial. By modeling the properties of eumelanin dimers we show that machine learning can be used to solve this problem.
Investigation of ion-electrode interactions of linear polyimides and alkali metal ions for next generation alternative-ion batteries
Authors: Gannett Cara N. , Kim Jaehwan , Tirtariyadi Dave , Milner Phillip J. , Abruña Héctor D.
Published: July 2022

Organic electrode materials offer unique opportunities to utilize ion-electrode interactions to develop diverse, versatile, and high-performing secondary batteries, particularly for applications requiring high power densities.
Identification of ELK1 interacting peptide segments in the androgen receptor
Authors: Soave Claire , Ducker Charles , Kim Seongho , Strahl Thomas , Rosati Rayna , Huang Yanfang , Shaw Peter E. , Ratnam Manohar
Published: July 2022

Prostate cancer (PCa) growth requires tethering of the androgen receptor (AR) to chromatin by the ETS domain transcription factor ELK1 to coactivate critical cell proliferation genes. Disruption of the ELK1–AR complex is a validated potential means of therapeutic intervention in PCa. AR associates with ELK1 by coopting its two ERK docking sites, through the amino-terminal domain (A/B domain) of AR. Using a mammalian two-hybrid assay, we have now functionally mapped amino acids within the peptide segments 358–457 and 514–557 in the A/B domain as required for association with ELK1. The mapping data were validated by GST (glutathione S-transferase)-pulldown and BRET (bioluminescence resonance energy transfer) assays. Comparison of the relative contributions of the interacting motifs/segments in ELK1 and AR to coactivation of ELK1 by AR suggested a parallel mode of binding of AR and ELK1 polypeptides. Growth of PCa cells was partially inhibited by deletion of the upstream segment in AR and nearly fully inhibited by deletion of the downstream segment. Our studies have identified two peptide segments in AR that mediate the functional association of AR with its two docking sites in ELK1. Identification of the ELK1 recognition sites in AR should enable further structural studies of the ELK1–AR interaction and rational design of small molecule drugs to disrupt this interaction.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of breast cancer susceptibility
Authors: Shalabi Sundus F. , LaBarge Mark A.
Published: July 2022

There is a plethora of recognized risk factors for breast cancer (BC) with poorly understood or speculative biological mechanisms. The lack of prevention options highlights the importance of understanding the mechanistic basis of cancer susceptibility and finding new targets for breast cancer prevention. Until now, we have understood risk and cancer susceptibility primarily through the application of epidemiology and assessing outcomes in large human cohorts. Relative risks are assigned to various human behaviors and conditions, but in general the associations are weak and there is little understanding of mechanism. Aging is by far the greatest risk factor for BC, and there are specific forms of inherited genetic risk that are well-understood to cause BC. We propose that bringing focus to the biology underlying these forms of risk will illuminate biological mechanisms of BC susceptibility.
Design and implementation of a parametric battery emulator based on a power converter
Authors: Li Ruihua , Ji Yunqiu , Fu Yiyang , Hu Bo , Hu Hao
Published: July 2022

Real batteries used for the performance testing and evaluation of the drive systems of electric vehicles (EVs) are being replaced by battery emulators (BEs) because of the high test costs, long test cycles, and difficulty in adapting to extreme operating conditions associated with the use of real batteries. A parametric BE for a lithium‐ion battery based on a voltage source converter is presented. First, a Thevenin model of the battery is established, and a parameter identification method is proposed to obtain the relationship between the parameters of the battery model and the characteristics of the external electrical port (i.e. I–V characteristics) of the battery. Subsequently, based on the I–V characteristics, the topological structure of the power electronic device of the BE is designed, and the working modes under charging and discharging conditions are presented. Finally, an experimental prototype of the BE is designed and tested. The experimental results show that the proposed BE power converter can successfully simulate the external port voltage and current characteristics of the battery, which can replace the real battery to provide an effective test environment for the test and evaluation of the electric drive system of EVs.
Transient stability enhancement in multiple‐microgrid networks by cloud energy storage system alongside considering protection system limitations
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Yazdaninejadi Amin , Golshannavaz Sajjad
Published: July 2022

The gas turbine synchronous generators (GTSGs) are widely deployed as distributed generations (DGs) in countries with massive natural gas production owing to their low prices. However, due to the low inertia time constants of these synchronous‐based DGs, they are more susceptible to power grid faults which stands as a transient stability issue in networks with multiple microgrids (MGs). On the other hand, the cloud energy storage system (CESS) is a new concept that centralizes the individual distributed energy storage of one or more MGs. Here, the employment of CESS with synchronverter grid connections creates a suitable opportunity for improving the transient stability of the network by providing higher inertia. This is while the fault current contribution of the synchronverter‐based CESS imperils protection constraints in these networks. Therefore, a proper protection coordination index (PCI) is considered in the conducted study to identify the optimal size of the synchronverter‐based CESS through a two‐stage optimization algorithm that preserves the protection constraints among protective devices. Finally, the transient stability of the network with synchronverter‐based CESS is assayed by calculation of the critical clearing time (CCT) for faults. Numerical studies are carried out on the IEEE 33‐bus test system. Results are discussed in depth.
Maximum power point tracking‐based model predictive control with reduced sensor count for PV applications
Authors: Ahmed Mostafa , Harbi Ibrahim , Hackl Christoph M. , Kennel Ralph , Rodriguez Jose , Abdelrahem Mohamed
Published: July 2022

This paper discusses the MPPT based on finite‐set model predictive control (FS‐MPC) in photovoltaic (PV) systems. Generally, the FS‐MPC implementation needs more sensors in comparison with the traditional methods due to the existence of the prediction stage. However, it has a fast transient behaviour in case of fast‐changing atmospheric conditions. Thus, to make benefit from the FS‐MPC principle without increasing the system’s cost, two algorithms are developed to reduce the number of required sensors without altering the efficiency. First, an accurate model of the PV system including the losses is derived, which enables estimation of the output capacitor voltage. Another approach utilizing an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed. The EKF takes advantage of the derived model of the system and estimates the PV current. In addition, practical PV system applications are considered to have an estimate for cost reduction with the proposed methods. The proposed methodologies are compared with the conventional FS‐MPC with full sensor utilization, where analysis and evaluation of the current‐ and voltage‐oriented FS‐MPC methods are presented. Moreover, robustness assessment of the proposed algorithms with sensor reduction against parameter variation is examined. All studied methods are validated in simulation and experimentally at different operating conditions.
Feasibility study, economic analysis and energy management of hybrid energy system in Fiji, Iceland: A case study
Authors: Karami Mohammad , Zadehbagheri Mahmoud , Kiani Mohammad Javad , Nejatian Samad
Published: July 2022

With the continuous development of the global economy, energy consumption continues to grow, which leads to the increasing scarcity of traditional fossil fuels and exacerbates environmental pollution and global warming. According to the heavy fossil fuel dependency of Fiji energy systems, the Fiji government has advised industries to use more renewable energy facilities. MATLAB software is applied for economic assessment and optimization. The case study is about a water factory in Fiji. The break‐even point and power generation of various power sources in different scenarios for hybrid renewable power generation systems are investigated. The simulation results indicate that the suggested systems have a break‐even point from 4.47 to 4.57 years. The suggested systems achieve a cost of energy (COE) value of $0.253–0.27.
Non-LTE abundance corrections for late-type stars from 2000 Å to 3 µm
Authors: Lind K. , Nordlander T. , Wehrhahn A. , Montelius M. , Osorio Y. , Barklem P. S. , Afşar M. , Sneden C. , Kobayashi C.
Published: July 2022

Context. It is well known that cool star atmospheres depart from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Making an accurate abundance determination requires taking those effects into account, but the necessary non-LTE (hereafter NLTE) calculations are often lacking.

Aims. Our goal is to provide detailed estimates of NLTE effects for FGK type stars for all spectral lines from the ultraviolet (UV) to the near infrared (NIR) that are potentially useful as abundance diagnostics. The first paper in this series focusses on the light elements Na, Mg, and Al.

Methods. The code PySME was used to compute curves of growth for 2158 MARCS model atmospheres in the parameter range 3800 < Teff < 8000 K, 0.0 < log(g) < 5.5, and −5 < [Fe/H] < +0.5. Two microturbulence values, 1 and 2 kms−1, and nine abundance points spanning −1 < [X/Fe] < 1 for element X, are used to construct individual line curves of growth by calculating the equivalent widths of 35 Na lines, 134 Mg lines, and 34 Al lines. The lines were selected in the wavelength range between 2000 Å and 3 µm.

Results. We demonstrate the power of the new grids with LTE and NLTE abundance analysis by means of equivalent width measurements of five benchmark stars; the Sun, Arcturus, HD 84937, HD 140283 and HD 122563. For Na, the NLTE abundances are lower than in LTE and show markedly reduced line-to-line scatter in the metal-poor stars. For Mg, we confirm previous reports of a significant ~0.25 dex LTE ionisation imbalance in metal-poor stars that is only slightly improved in NLTE (~0.18 dex). LTE abundances based on Mg II lines agree better with models of Galactic chemical evolution. For Al, NLTE calculations strongly reduce an ~0.6 dex ionisation imbalance seen in LTE for the metal-poor stars. The abundance corrections presented in this work are in good agreement with previous studies for the subset of lines that overlap, with the exception of strongly saturated lines.

Conclusions. A consensus between different abundance diagnostics is the most powerful tool available to stellar spectroscopists to assess the accuracy of the models. Here we report that NLTE abundance analysis in general leads to improved agreement, in particular for metal-poor stars. The residual scatter is believed to be caused mainly by unresolved blends and/or poor atomic data, with the notable exception of Mg, which calls for further investigation.
Calibration scheme for space-borne full-disk vector magnetograph under the influence of orbiter velocity
Authors: Hu Ziyao , Ji Kaifan , Chen Jie , Deng Yuanyong , Su Jiangtao , Bai Xianyong , Liu Suo , Guo Jingjing , Liu Jiajia , Wintoft Peter
Published: July 2022

Context. The Full-disk Vector MagnetoGraph (FMG) is one of the three payloads on the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S). The FMG is set to observe the full disk vector magnetic field at a single wavelength point. The magnetograph in orbit will encounter the wavelength shift problem caused by the Doppler effect in the magnetic field, which mainly comes from the Sun’s rotation velocity and the satellite–sun relative velocity.

Aims. We look to use neural networks for single-wavelength calibration to solve the wavelength shift problem.

Methods. We used the existing data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). To simulate plausible single-wavelength observations, we used the Stokes polarization image from the HMI at a single wavelength point. We also input the satellite orbital velocity given by the HMI data file and the solar rotation velocity to the network. We developed a set of data preprocessing methods before entering the network and we trained the network to get the calibration model.

Results. By analyzing and comparing the prediction of the neural network with the target magnetogram, we believe that our network model has learned a single-wavelength full-disk calibration model. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the longitudinal field and the transverse field of the full disk are 3.68 G and 28.08 G, respectively. The MAE error of the azimuth angle of pixels above 300 G is 12.29°.
Tiny robots made from biomolecules
Authors: Pirzer Tobias , Simmel Friedrich C.
Published: July 2022

Can we scale down robots to small scales and realize them with self-organizing molecules? As biological cells already act a little like robots – they sense, compute, move, and respond to their environment – the answer is probably “yes”. But a wide range of interesting physical challenges have to be tackled.
Rampant proteolysis at the intersection of therapy-induced hypoalbuminemia and acute pancreatitis
Authors: Leonard Sarah-Ellen , Kenis Paul J.A. , Perkins Ray C.
Published: July 2022

Protease inhibition is the intended mechanism of action for drugs across a broad range of diseases: cancer, cardiovascular and stroke, diabetes mellitus, macular degeneration and Alzheimer’s. Treatment for fungal and multiple viral infections, including Sars-Cov-2, also relies upon inhibition of pathogen-specific proteases. This work examines the non-therapeutic proteolytic activity of one such drug, nelfinavir (tradename VIRACEPT™), approved as an inhibitor of HIV protease, the largest, “biotech launch” in history at the time of its introduction. Methods are described in the companion manuscript [Leonard et al. (2022), 4open 5, 11]. These methods are not only suitable for examination of on-target activity but also of off-target activity. Herein, it is demonstrated that nelfinavir is active both as an inhibitor and as a promoter of proteolysis of key blood proteins. Observations are readily connected to known drug induction of acute pancreatitis and attendant hypoalbuminemia. The benefits of expanding molecular-level, early-stage, off-target/off-substrate activity drug candidate evaluation become apparent. Finally, the reality of drug-induced disease places new demands on existing clinical procedures, namely that side effects be approached as symptoms of an induced disease.
Atraumatische Ruptur der Extensor Hallucis Longus Sehne
Authors: Peters Jan , Köhler Hans-Christian , Müller-Meinhard Doris , Gutcke Andre , Rüttermann Mike
Published: July 2022

Die atraumatische Ruptur der Sehne des Extensor-hallucis-longus ist ein sehr
seltenes Krankheitsbild. Chronische Überlastung durch Kontaktsportarten,
anatomische Besonderheiten am Knochen, vorangegangene Operationen sowie
Medikamenteninjektionen im Bereich der Sehne wurden bereits als Ursache
berichtet. Wir berichten über einen jungen Patienten, der sich ohne
erkennbaren Grund mit einem akuten Funktionsverlust seiner
Extensor-hallucis-longus-Sehne in unserer Sprechstunde vorstellte.
Morbidly Adherent Placenta in the First Trimester with Consecutive
Hysterectomy
Authors: Habek Dubravko , Karadjole Vesna Sokol , Knežević Fabijan , Marton Ingrid , Ivanišević Marina
Published: July 2022

Background Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) represents a risk factor for a
maternal adverse outcome and its incidence continues to rise following the
increasing rate of caesarean deliveries. The detection of a pathology of
placental adherence in the first trimester is challenging. Transvaginal
ultrasound represents (TVUS) a reliable tool for accurate and timely diagnosis.
Case We report on a case of MAP in a pregnant woman at 10 weeks of gestation
with two prior caesarean deliveries. She presented with abdominal pain and
hematometra. The first trimester diagnosis was made with TVUS and confirmed with
magnetic resonance imaging. The patient required an urgent hysterectomy.
Conclusion Antenatal care in the first trimester in women with a previous
cesarean delivery should include a detailed examination of the placenta with
TVUS.
Is There a Role for Laboratory Parameters in Predicting Coronary
Artery Involvement in Kawasaki Disease?
Authors: Yalcinkaya Rumeysa , Öz Fatma Nur , Durmuş Sevgi Yaşar , Fettah Ali , Kaman Ayşe , Teke Türkan Aydın , Örün Utku Arman , Tanır Gönül
Published: July 2022

Background Kawasaki disease (KD) may cause cardiac and coronary
complications. Since definite markers to accurately predict coronary involvement
is not present, we aimed to analyze the role of hematological indices
[neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to lymphocyte ratio (PLR),
lymphocyte-to monocyte ratio (LMR), and mean platelet volume (MPV)-to lymphocyte
ratio (MPVLR)], prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic
immune-inflammation index (SII) in predicting coronary involvement of KD.
Patients The medical records of 134 KD patients admitted between January
2008 and December 2019 were investigated. Also, 268 age-matched healthy controls
(HCs) were included in the study.

Methods KD patients were divided into two groups: KD with coronary artery
lesions (KD-CALs) and KD without CALs. Logistic regression analysis was
performed to determine parameters that may predict coronary involvement in
children with KD.

Results Among KD patients, 39 (29.1%) had CALs. When compared with
HCs, the median levels of WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, platelets,
MPV and, the values of NLR, PLR, MPVLR, SII were significantly higher; whereas
lymphocyte count, PNI, platelet distribution width (PDW), LMR were markedly
lower in the KD group (p˂0.001 for all, except for p=0.010 for
eosinophil count). The CALs group's SII, PLR, and PNI values were
significantly lower than those without (p=0.030, p=0.032, and p
˂0.001; respectively). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that PNI, SII,
and gender (male) were associated with CALs in KD.

Conclusion Our analysis revealed that male sex, lower PNI, and lower SII
levels were independently associated with CALs in children with KD.
Wasser und Gesundheit
Authors: Rampp Thomas
Published: July 2022

Seit Jahrhunderten kommen Wasseranwendungen zur Steigerung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden zum Einsatz. Studien belegen die Wirksamkeit der Wassertherapie nach Kneipp bei Indikationen wie chronisch-venöser Insuffizienz, Hypertonie, leichter Herzinsuffizienz, menopausalen Beschwerden und Schlafstörungen. Bei äußerlichen Anwendungen spielen Wärme oder Kälte eine wichtige Rolle. So kann Eisbaden zum Beispiel die Stressresistenz, die emotionale Stabilität sowie das Herz-Kreislauf-System stärken. Wärmebäder besitzen eine entspannende und stressregulierende Wirkung. Innerlich angewandt hat eine hohe Wasseraufnahme ebenfalls viele positive Effekte auf den Körper.
Moore, Mythen, Medizin
Authors: Tanneberger Franziska , Körner Nina
Published: July 2022

Moorbäder und die Gedichte von Droste-Hülshoff sind oft strapaziert im Zusammenhang mit Moor. Viel wichtiger für Moore und für die Existenz und Gesundheit des Menschen ist jedoch ihre Bedeutung für den Klimaschutz. Moore sind nicht unheimlich, sondern unheimlich wichtig, und zwar für alle. Medizinische Produkte aus dem Moor erscheinen dabei fast als „Kollateralnutzen“.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Regioselective C–H Borylation of ­Pyridines
Authors: Xu Xin , Sun Qianlin , Luo Yuncong
Published: July 2022

The C–H borylation strategy has spurred intense research endeavors due to the high atom- and step-economy it represents and because of the broad range of utilities of the resulting organoboranes. Nevertheless, this powerful transformation has had limited substrate scope and poor regioselectivity when it was applied to Lewis basic substrates (e.g., azines). The basic functionalities in substrates can coordinate to the metal centers, hindering the formation of products. Herein, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in transition-metal-­catalyzed regioselective C–H borylation of pyridines. Attention is paid to the latest contributions, which have demonstrated remarkable ­regioselectivity.

1 Introduction

2 para-Selective C−H Borylation

3 meta-Selective C−H Borylation

4 ortho-Selective C−H Borylation

5 Summary
Advances in the Iron-Catalyzed Direct Functionalizations of ­Heterocycles
Authors: Punji Benudhar , Pradhan Chandini
Published: July 2022

Direct functionalization of heterocycles is an advanced strategy for diversifying privileged and biorelevant heterocycle-containing molecules. Particularly, use of the most abundant transition metal, iron, as a catalyst makes this process highly cost-effective and sustainable. Recently, some progress has been realized towards the direct functionalization of heterocycles under iron catalysis. Herein, we present the developments in the C–H bond functionalizations and related reactions of various heterocycles by abundant iron salts. This Synpacts is categorized into different sections based on heterocycles being functionalized, and each section is discussed based on the type of reaction catalyzed by iron.

1 Introduction

2 Functionalization of Indoles

2.1 Alkylation

2.2 Alkenylation

2.3 Other Reactions

3 Oxindoles and Isatins

3.1 C–C Bond Formation

3.2 C–Heteroatom Bond Formation

4 Pyridines and Furans

5 Functionalization of Azoles

6 Summary and Outlook
Solvent/Ligand-Controlled Switchable C3 or C7 C–H Arylations of 1-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-indazole
Authors: El Kazzouli Saïd , Boujdi Khalid , El Brahmi Nabil , Collet Sylvain , Dubreuil Didier , Mathé-Allainmat Monique , Akssira Mohamed , Guillaumet Gérald , Lebreton Jacques
Published: July 2022

A new solvent/ligand-controlled switchable C–H arylation of 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-indazole catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 was achieved. A bidentate ligand in DMA promoted the activation at C7 position, while a phosphine ligand in H2O oriented the arylation at C3 position. The C3 and C7 arylation products were obtained in moderate to good yields and with high regioselectivity.
Monitoring of Catalyst-Free Microwave-Assisted MCR-Type Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-cyano-4H-chromene Derivatives Using Raman Spectrometry
Authors: Besson Thierry , Hebert Olivier , Dubouilh-Benard Carole , Campos Joana F. , Berteina-Raboin Sabine , Fruit Corinne
Published: July 2022

In order to prepare an array of β-cyanoenamine derivatives as potential precursors of heterocyclic systems with pharmaceutical interest, the synthesis of fifteen polyfunctionalized 4H-chromenes was realized via a microwave-assisted and catalyst-free three-component reaction. Microwave-heated reactions were monitored by Raman spectroscopy, enabling a fast and efficient setting of the process parameters. This study confirms that this monitoring tool may have some limitations linked to homogeneity of reaction medium. This work also investigates the use of some bio-sourced and sustainable solvents currently studied in many works. Ethanol remains the most suitable for this synthesis.
A Lignan from Alnus japonica Activates Myogenesis and Alleviates Dexamethasone-induced Myotube Atrophy
Authors: Lee Hyejin , Jeong Ji Hye , Hwang Seung Hwan , Yeon Sung Hum , Ryu Jae-Ha
Published: July 2022

To find inhibitors against skeletal muscle loss, we isolated a lignan compound ((−)-(2R,3R-1,4-O-diferuloylsecoisolarciresinol, DFS) from the stem of Alnus japonica.
C2C12 myoblasts were treated with DFS during differentiation. To induce an in vitro atrophic condition, differentiated myotubes were treated with dexamethasone (a synthetic
glucocorticoid). DFS (10 nM) increased expression levels of myogenic factors and the number of multi-nucleated myotubes expressing myosin heavy chain (MHC). The myogenic potential of DFS
could be attributed to p38 MAPK activation. DFS also protected against dexamethasone-induced damage, showing increased expression of MHC and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a major
anabolic factor. Under atrophic condition, the anti-myopathy effect of DFS was associated with inactivation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the subsequent suppression of muscle
degradative E3 ligases and myostatin. DFS treatment also restored fast muscle fiber (type II a, II b, and II x), known to be susceptible to dexamethasone. These results indicate that DFS
isolated from A. japonica can stimulate myogenesis via p38 MAPK activation and alleviate muscle atrophy by modulating the expression of genes associated with muscle protein
anabolism/catabolism. Thus, we propose that DFS can be used as a pharmacological and nutraceutical agent for increasing muscle strength or protecting muscle loss.
A Flavonoid-rich Zuccagnia punctata Extract Prevents High Fat Diet-induced Normal Weight Obesity in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Valoy Agostina , Alarcón Gabriela , Roco Julieta , Zampini Catiana , Isla María Ines , Jerez Susana
Published: July 2022

Oral administration of rich in flavonoids hydroalcoholic extract from Zuccagnia punctata (ZpE) improves lipid profile and prevents vascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic
rabbits. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of ZpE to prevent metabolic and vascular alterations induced by high fat diet (HFD) on a metabolically obese and normal weight rabbit model.
The major components of ZpE were analyzed by HPLC method. Rabbits were separated into six groups: 1-fed on standard chow (CD); 2-fed on HFD; 3, 4, 5- fed on HFD and orally administrated
2.5 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg GAE/day of ZpE, respectively (ZpE- HFD); 6- fed on HFD and orally administered 30 mg orlistat/day (Or-HFD). All diets were administrated by 6 weeks. The major compounds
of ZpE identified were chalcones: 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxychalcone and 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone. Oral treatment with ZpE 5 mg GAE/day as well as orlistat prevented the HFD-induced increase
of triglycerides, fasting glucose, intraperitoneal glucose test, white cells, and TyG index. Acetylcholine relaxation was reduced in arteries from HFD group and oral administration of ZpE
reached this response to CD values. Contractile response to angiotensin II was lower in arteries from rabbits fed on HFD treated with ZpE 5 and 10 mg GAE/day than those of untreated rabbits.
Moreover, ZpE could inhibit the activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion the ZpE may prevent normal weight obesity by inhibiting the pancreatic lipase.
Thus, the use of ZpE as a natural product in the prevention of metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction is very promising.