bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI METODE REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEDISIPLINAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Siregar Syamsiah Depalina , Naimatul Ulya
Published: March 2023

Artikel ini melihat bagaimana implementasi dari pemberian reward dan punishment kepada anak usia dini. Dimana pemberian reward (penghargaan) yang dijadikan sebagai alat pendidikan dan diberikan ketika anak melakukan hal positif. Sedangkan punishment yaitu hukuman yang diberikan kepada anak ketika anak melakukan pelanggaran. Dengan tujuan penelitian melihat dampak dari implementasinya agar anak mampu memperbaiki kesalahan dan meningkatkan karakter disiplin anak usia dini. Jenis penelitian menggunkan pendekatan kualiatatif dengan fokus penelitian implementasi pemberian reward dan punishment dalam membentuk karakter disiplin anak.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, dan wawancara.Hasil penelitian ini adalah reward dan punishment memberikan implementasi positif dalam membentuk disiplin anak.Adapun bentuk reward yang diberikan yaitu kalimat pujian,penghargaan,hadiah dan motivasi sedangkan punishment berupa nasihat yang mendidik pada anak.
MEDIA ALAT PERMAINAN EDUKATIF POHON MALAIKAT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Nur Kholidah  , Marya Fatima
Published: March 2023

Media atau alat permainan edukatif pohon malaikat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini, alat permainan edukatif ini sangat penting bagi anak usia dini dan meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini (AUD). Dalam fase anak usia dini (golden age) mulai dari pertumbuhan dan perkembangan si anak baik bentuk fisik, fikiran dan spritual dapat menumbuhkan  hasil yang efektif dan oftimal, maka dengan adanya permainan edukatif pohon malaikat ini akan melatih berbicara anak usia dini (AUD). Supaya terwujud dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara si anak kita harus tanamkan sejak dini menggunakan beberapa metode, baik melalui metode bercerita atau bernyanyi. dengan menggunakan penelitian lapangan dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Supaya kita dapat mengetahui seberapa jauh perkembangan si anak tersebut. Semoga dari penelitian ini bisa mengembangkan kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini (AUD)
PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM PEMILIHAN FILM KARTUN YANG DAPAT MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Annisa Wahyuni  , Nanda Padliyah
Published: March 2023

Anak sangat rentan dan beresiko dalam menyerap apa yang ditayangkan televisi, sehingga perlu pendampingan dari orang tua yang paham akan efek dari televisi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar peran orang tua dalam pemilihan film kartun kepada anak dan pengaruh  film kartun terhadap perilaku anak-anak. Dimana jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode Deskriptif.. Pengaruh film kartun terhadap perilaku dan perkembangan perilaku anak pra-sekolah. Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan film kartun sangat berpengaruh terhadap perilaku perkembangan anak dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya, sebagai contoh perilaku yang menirukan tingkah laku dalam film tersebut baik itu bahasa maupun perilakunya peran antar tokoh film kartun tersebut.
MENERAPKAN SIKAP TOLERANSI MELALUI METODE BERMAIN PERAN UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Hasibuan Afriyanti , Lanni Fadylah
Published: March 2023

Pendidikan karakter pada anak usia dini merupakan salah satu pondasi yang sangat penting untuk ditanamkan pada diri anak. Lembaga sekolah terutama guru memiliki peran penting dalam mengenalkan. Salah satu nilai karakter yang ditanaman kepada anak adalah toleransi. Penanaman nilai toleransi sejak dini bertujuan agar anak memiliki rasa menghargai keberagaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memaparkan pentingnya peran guru dalam menanamkan nilai toleransi pada anak usia dini di Indonesia. Peneitian menggunakan metodestudi literature kajian pustaka dengan mengumpulkan berbagai sumber ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran guru dalam menanamkan nilai toleransi pada anak antara lain dengan merancang kurikulum toleransi, memiliki kompetensi yang optimal dan proporsional serta memiliki komitmen yang kuat dalam memberikan teladan kepada anak mengenai nilai-nilai karakter salah satunya nilai toleransi. Peran guru dalam menanamkan nilai toleransi juga dapat melalui kegiatan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan beberapa metode seperti memberikan keteladanan, pemberian arahan, pembiasaan, kegiatan mendongeng, kegiatan permainan, dan penggunaan media
Optimalisasi Penggunaan Aplikasi Zoom Cloud Meetings: Solusi Pembelajaran Hukum Islam di Era Kebiasaan Baru
Authors: Lubis Mukhlis
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe world of education has experienced a very fatal impact due to the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. Lecturers are required to be able to teach even from home. Learning innovation through electronic media (e-learning) in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 provides a very meaningful solution in the learning process in a new habit era. Optimizing the use of the Zoom Cloud Meetings application is one solution that is very popular today. The learning model through the Zoom application aims to benefit from using the application so that students can follow the latest technological developments in studying contemporary Islamic law learning material. This research was conducted at STAIN Mandailing Natal using qualitative descriptive methods. The research data was obtained through recorded interviews with 8 informants, classroom observation, documentation, and literature study. This study used the interactive model data analysis technique of Miles and Huberman. The results showed that the Zoom application functions as a facility to support the quality of Islamic law learning at STAIN Mandailing Natal. Students become more active and more enthusiastic in the learning process because they are directly involved in the process of obtaining the information and learning materials needed.AbstrakDunia pendidikan mengalami dampak yang sangat fatal akibat penyebaran pandemi Covid-19. Dosen dituntut untuk dapat mengajar meskipun dari rumah. Inovasi pembelajaran melalui media elektronik (e-learning) di era revolusi industri 4.0 memberikan solusi yang sangat berarti dalam proses pembelajaran di era kebiasaan baru. Optimalisasi penggunaan aplikasi Zoom Cloud Meetingsmerupakan salah satu solusi yang sangat populer saat ini. Model pembelajaran melalui aplikasi Zoom ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan manfaat penggunaan aplikasi sehingga mahasiswa dapat mengikuti perkembangan teknologi terkini dalam mempelajari materi pembelajaran hukum Islam kontemporer. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di STAIN Mandailing Natal dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui rekaman wawancara dengan 8 orang informan, observasi kelas, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Zoom berfungsi sebagai fasilitas penunjang kualitas pembelajaran hukum Islam di STAIN Mandailing Natal. Mahasiswa menjadi lebih aktif dan lebih bersemangat dalam proses belajar karena terlibat langsung dalam proses mendapatkan informasi dan bahan belajar yang dibutuhkan.
MEMAKNAI PENTINGNYA MANAJEMEN PENGORGANISASIAN DALAM KARANG TARUNA DAN REMAJA MASJID
Authors: Mohammad Habibi , Ani Faujiah
Published: March 2023

AbstrakDalam kehidupan bersosialisasi karang taruna dan remaja masjid cukup berpengaruhbagi warga setempat. Karang Taruna dan Remaja Masjid merupakan wadah pengembangangenerasi muda nonpartisan, yang tumbuh atas dasar kesadaran dan rasa tanggung jawab sosial dari, oleh dan untuk masyarakat khususnya generasi muda di wilayah desa/ kelurahan atau komunitas sosial sederajat, yang terutama bergerak dibidang produktifitas dan kesejahteraansosial. PkM ini berorientasi pada pemberdayaan dan pelatihan manajemen pengorganisasian dalam karang taruna dan remaja masjid. Peran pemuda dalam kesadarannya mengembangkan potensinya sehingga pemuda mampu berkontribusi lebih bagi desanya dan masyarakat. Kegiatan ini sebagai salah satu upaya mengembangkan kemampuan imajinasi dan kreativitas pemuda yang dapat distimulasi melalui penguatan literasi guna menghadapi tantanganperkembangan hidup dan berkembang pesatnya teknologi informasi yang saat ini sudah banyakmenggunakan media digital. Harapan dari PkM ini dapat menyentuh kesadaran sosial para partisipan (pemuda masyarakat) dan membangkitkan tanggung jawab partisipan sebagai anggota masyarakat (civicresponsibility) dalam upaya meningkatkan kapasitas dan potensi diripemuda sebagai agen perubah, agenpengembang dan agen modernitas. AbstractIn the social life of youth organization and youth mosque is quite influential for local residents. Youth Organization and Youth Mosque is a forum for the development of the non-partisan young generation, which grows on the basis of awareness and a sense of social responsibilityfrom, by and for the community,especially the younger generation in the village or equal social community, which is primarily engaged inproductivity and social welfare. This PkM is orientedtowards empowerment and organizational management training in youth youth groups andmosques. The role of youth in their awareness is to developtheir potential so that youth are ableto contribute more to their village and society. This activity is an effortto develop the imagination and creativity of youth which can be stimulated through strengthening literacy in order to face the challenges of life development and the rapid development of information technology which currently uses a lot of digital media. The hope of this PkM can touch the social awareness of theparticipants (community youth) and raise the responsibility of participants as members of the community (civic responsibility) in an effort to increase the capacity and potential of youth asagents of change, agentsof development and agents of modernityKata kunci: Karang Taruna, Remaja Masjid, Potensi diri, Pengembangan
Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok Dalam Menciptakan Suasana Pembelajaran Yang Menyenangkan Terhadap Siswa MAN 2 Padang
Authors: Putri Ananda Maha , Ariani Fitria , Putri Nur Syahadani
Published: March 2023

PKM ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk melatih siswa dalam menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dalam proses belajar melalui layanan bimbingan kelompok. Selain itu juga bertujuan untuk membantu siswa agar dapat mengerti dengan cepat pelajarannya. Banyak faktor yang menyebabkan ketidakmampuan siswa dalam menyerap pelajaran yang diberikan guru diantaranya bermula dari proses pembelajaran yang tidak menarik dan membosankan. Sebagai akibatnya siswa menjadi malas dan tidak tertarik terhadap materi yang disampaikan. sehingga kami sebagai dosen dapat memberikan pembinaan dan edukasi dalam  mempersiapkan diri siswa melalui layanan bimbingan kelompok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka dan mengamati perubahan dari sebelum diberikan bimbingan dengan setelah diberikan layanan bimbingan kelompok dalam menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan.
Sosialisasi Permainan Sudoku pada Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Siswa SMP Negeri 8 Padang
Authors: Deby erdriani  , Dewi Devita  , Laila Marhayati
Published: March 2023

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah salah satu bentuk Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi. PKM ini diusulkan untuk melakukan kegiatan yang bersifat sosialisasi dan edukasi di SMP Negeri 8 Padang. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan minat dan motivasi serta antusias siswa terhadap matematika, membuat suasana baru dalam belajar matematika dan memberikan informasi kepada siswa bahwa matematika juga dapat dipakai sebagai permainan mengasah otak dan kemampuan. Pengabdian ini menggunakan permainan matematika, sudoku. Dalam pelaksanaannya kami akan menggunakan metode active dan cooperative learning, dimana siswa akan terlibat secara aktif dengan cara memberikan kesempatan kepada mereka untuk bereksplorasi, memecahkan masalah baik secara individu maupun kelompok.

Kata kunci: permainan matematika, sudoku, active and cooperative learning
Peningkatan Kemampuan Berbahasa Inggris Di Desa Paranpadang
Authors: Hasibuan Afriyanti
Published: March 2023

Pentingnya soft skill bagi generasi muda menjadi dasar  penyusunan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) ini. Fokus  kegiatan ini adalah menumbuhkan minat belajar bahasa Inggris bagi masyarakat desa Paranpadang berbasis buku cerita rakyat lingkungan/alam dan meningkatkan softskill para mitra Karang Taruna di Desa tersebut. Tujuan khusus dari PKM ini adalah  untuk meningkatkan minat belajar dan meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa Inggris. Beberapa metode yang digunakan dalam Program Kemitraan Masyarakat ini adalah metode tanya jawab dan diskusi untuk mengidentifikasi informasi dan teknologi yang mendukungnya. Metode ceramah digunakan pada saat pembelajaran bahasa Inggris dan pemahaman teori. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang terlatih menunjukkan bahwa belajar bahasa Inggris dari buku-buku sejarah alam lebih mudah untuk diajarkan kepada siswa. Dengan  metode ini, pertumbuhan siswa cukup baik. Selain itu diperoleh hasil lain, bahwa remaja dan anak-anak lebih cepat menyerap materi pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris dan kegiatan ini juga menjadi titik tolak kegiatan lainnya
PELATIHAN PENGOLAHAN DATA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI MICROSOFT EXCEL DI SMA SWASTA KAMPUS PADANGSIDIMPUAN
Authors: Nurdalilah  , Harahap Adek Nilasari , Lubis Susi Sulastri , Siti Meutia Sari  , Mahrani
Published: March 2023

Tujuan pelaksanaan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengalaman kepada guru-guru dalam panggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan Microsoft Excel. Melalui pelatihan ini diharapkan guru di SMA Swasta Kampus lebih memahami kegunaan Microsoft Excel, agar tidak salah dalam menggunakan software Microsoft Excel, dan menambah pengetahuan serta wawasan dalam belajar mengolah data  sehingga segala bentuk data dapat dipergunakan dengan baik. Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian ini adalah 1) survei, 2) pemantapan dan penentuan sasaran, 3) pelaksanaan pelatihan. Pelaksanaan pelatihan ini dilakukan secara langsung (offline) di gedung SMA Swasta Kampus Padangsidimpuan dalam waktu enam jam.
Pendidikan Kristen Dalam Menghadapi Pembelajaran Daring Sinkron dan Asinkron
Authors: Filgod Dejan , Tangkin Wiyun Philipus
Published: March 2023

Education should be implemented online whether synchronously and asynchronously because of Covid-19 pandemic since the end of 2019. According to the survey from KPAI on 1.700 students, there are problems are occurred during the implementation of online learning. Problems that occurred throughout the online learning caused by several aspects such as facility, the teacher, and the student. Significantly, education should be conducted consecutively because it is a long-life process. This paper serves to investigate responses that Christian education should apply to face current issues. Literature review based on the truth of the Scripture as the source of truth is used in writing this paper. An understanding of the definition and purpose of Christian education will assist each individual who is involved in education. For that reason, personal identity as a concrete embodiment of God’s Image which is marred with sin yet redeemed by Christ has implications for every action that is committed by each person. Last but not least, live in vigilance based on the Scripture’s truth will prepare the teacher to be responsive to face every problem. Thus, every person in Christian education should have that understanding. Therefore, Christian education will have a proper response in facing problems throughout its implementations in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and other kinds of problems.
Gambaran Kepercayaan terhadap Mitos di Kelurahan Sikumana, Kota Kupang
Authors: Radja Ga Oktoson , Manu Mieke Yen
Published: March 2023

Myth is one of the legacies of past human culture that is still maintained in this increasingly modern era. Myths that are embraced and maintained by a community can sometimes provide value, but it does not rule out the possibility that myths also cause harm. This study aimed to measure the general picture related to the myths that are still believed by the people in Kupang. The method used was a quantitative method through a survey approach with a sample of 50 people. The data analysis technique used was descriptive statistical analysis through the calculation of the ideal mean, ideal standard deviation, and variable frequency distribution. The results of data analysis showed that the belief in myths in the research respondents was in the high category with a mean value of 80.16. The most widely believed type of myth is the environmental myth. The factors that influence respondents to believe in myths are the customary or traditional factors.AbstrakMitos adalah salah satu warisan dari kebudayaan manusia zaman lalu yang masih dipertahankan dalam pacuan zaman yang semakin modern. Mitos yang dianut dan dipertahankan oleh suatu komunitas masyarakat, kadangkala dapat memberikan nilai, namun tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa mitos juga menimbulkan kerugian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur gambaran umum terkait mitos yang masih dipercayai oleh masyarakat di kota Kupang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif melalui pendekatan survei dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisa statistik deskriptif melalui perhitungan rerata ideal, standar deviasi ideal dan distribusi frekuensi variabel. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan terhadap mitos pada responden penelitian berada pada kategori tinggi dengan nilai mean sebesar 80,16. Jenis mitos yang paling banyak dipercaya adalah mitos lingkungan. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi responden mempercayai mitos adalah faktor adat atau tradisi.
Information and communication technologies in the real kindergarten program
Authors: Tasić Ivana , Raspopović Slađana
Published: March 2023

The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) and constant connection with the Internet, enables better performance of activities in preschool institutions, based on new educational interactive programs. The paper examines the way in which ICT as a means of educational work has positive effects on child development in the real kindergarten program. The authors of the paper searched the Internet for free resources, which can be used in the function of raising the quality of educational work. Using some of the found resources, the authors independently designed content for the development of concepts about insects and wild animals, which in their opinion, can be applied in a certain way, to improve and modernize practice in accordance with the principles of preschool education.
Profitability determinants of life insurance companies in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Pjanić Miloš , Mitrašević Mirela , Luković Stefan
Published: March 2023

Background: Based on the results of research on the influence of certain internal and external factors on the profitability of insurance companies in the countries in Europe, America, Asia and Africa in the 21 st century which were published in a significant number of scientific and professional papers, the present study analyses insurance companies in Serbia in the period from 2015 to 2021. We chose this analysis bearing in mind the previous negative experiences and expressed distrust in the financial system, which greatly affected the readiness of policyholders to invest in life insurance products, as well as affecting significantly the development of life insurance in Serbia. Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present the business results of the insurance companies on the Serbian market in the analysed period and to determine which business performance the management of an insurance company should pay attention to in order to ensure positive business results. Study design/methodology/approach: We applied a fixed effects model on the nine selected variables. In the model, return on assets (ROA) is used as a dependent variable, while operating margin, expense ratio, investment ratio, growth rate of written premium of a company, company size, log (financial leverage), log (liquidity ratio), and market share are independent variables. Findings/conclusions: The results of the research indicate that there is a statistically significant and positive impact of operating margin and liquidity ratio on ROA, and statistically significant but negative impact of expense ratio and financial leverage on ROA. Limitations/future research: The limitation of our profitability analysis is that we were unable to analyse the impact of individual life insurance products on profitability. Bearing in mind numerous and significant social and economic changes over the last two years, the directions of our future research will be focused on their impact on the business operation of insurance companies.
Rotary atherectomy: Method of preparation of heavily calcified coronary artery lesions
Authors: Grujić Milan , Živković Stefan , Davidović Aleksandar
Published: March 2023

Calcified lesions of coronary arteries still represent a major challenge in interventional cardiology. The sign is advanced atherosclerosis, associated with multivessel disease and the presence of complex lesions, including long lesions, chronic total occlusions, and bifurcations. Today, there are several strategies for modifying calcified lesions before percutaneous coronary intervention. They can be divided into strategies without atherectomy and strategies with atherectomy. Non-atherectomy strategies include modification balloons and intravascular lithotripsy. Atherectomy strategies are aimed at physical plaque removal and include rotary atherectomy, coronary orbital atherectomy, and laser coronary atherectomy. Rotational atherectomy is an endovascular procedure during which plaque ablation occurs by advancing a rotating abrasive burr. The use of rotational atherectomy in severely calcified lesions is associated with greater dilatation of vessel diameter, larger lumen cross-section, and fewer final residual stenoses after stent implantation. Heavily calcified ostial and bifurcation lesions are more demanding for percutaneous intervention, with frequent complications such as plaque transfer, acute side branch occlusion, and suboptimal stent apposition or expansion. In such cases, interventions with modification of the calcified plaque with the use of rotational atherectomy have been shown to be more successful, whether only the main branch or both the main and side branches are treated. This paper presents a patient with a calcified lesion of the ostium of the anterior descending artery who refused cardiosurgical revascularization and in whom the initial percutaneous coronary intervention was not successfully performed. After that, percutaneous coronary intervention was performed using rotary atherectomy. An optimal angiographic result with normal coronary flow was obtained. The patient was discharged after the intervention without complications. Carefully performed rotational atherectomy can be successfully used in the treatment of demanding calcified lesions of the ostial segments of the coronary arteries with a high degree of effectiveness and safety.
Anamnesis: The skill and art of clinical medicine
Authors: Joksimović Zoran , Bastać Dušan
Published: March 2023

Anamnesis (Greek: anamnese - memory) is a conversation with the patient in order to gather all the information that is essential for discovering the true nature of the disease and making an accurate diagnosis. The oft-quoted saying "Listen to your patient; he will tell you what his diagnosis is" shows the value of the anamnesis in diagnosis. It is believed that the anamnesis has the greatest importance in establishing the correct diagnosis. 50%-70% of the diagnosis is made already on the basis of the anamnesis. Proper history taking is a medical skill that requires from the examiner: good knowledge, a lot of time and patience. In addition, cultural behavior and certain personal qualities and skills of the doctor are also important. But taking an anamnesis is not only a science, but also a skill and an art, as it requires interpretation and clarification of the conversation with the patientAgood clinical assessmentcomes first, and it is reached after many years of practice. Patients with the same diseases can express their symptoms differently, so the main characteristic of medicine as an art is how the doctor interprets different descriptions of the same phenomenon. In the process of taking an anamnesis, doctors are detectives, and the patient (and family or companions) are witnesses. If we ask the right questions and make sure we really understand what the patient has experienced, we are much more likely to arrive at an accurate diagnosis quickly. The point of contact between art and science in medicine is where the doctor feels the emotion that brought the patient to the office. The doctor must not only listen to the words the patient uses, but clarify their meaning. When he learns this, he becomes an artist of the best kind.
Nikolae Paulesku: An unrecognized fighter in the treatment of diabetes
Authors: Petković Srđan , Krstić Goran , Jovanović Milan
Published: March 2023

Taking into account the number of people suffering from diabetes all over the world, it is understandable that there is a great interest in discovering the disease and its cause, as well as in finding an adequate therapy. Although the first data on diabetes date back to around 500 BC, it was first scientifically confirmed and described only at the end of the 19th century. In 1923, the Nobel Prize for the discovery of insulin was awarded to McLeod and Bunting, but the name of another doctor should be closely associated with this important discovery. It is prof. Nicolae Paulescu, a famous Romanian doctor, scientist and reformer of the educational system in this country. He devoted his entire career to research in medicine and adequate education of young people. Prof. Paulescu made the greatest contribution in the field of endocrinology when in 1921 he presented his studies on the effect of pancreatic extract on animals suffering from diabetes, which was equivalent to the discovery of insulin. However, the reward for this achievement was received by other scientists discrediting his contribution, and they found cover for it in his political views.
Food safety standards and law of the World Trade Organization
Authors: Divljak Drago
Published: March 2023

The paper discusses the legal significance of food safety standards in the WTO. In this framework, the task is to determine the formal normative basis and conceptual approach to this issue. The subject of more detailed analysis will be the essential determinants of this approach, in particular the process of harmonization and the status of international standards in the WTO law. In addition, the paper aims to determine the effective results of the WTO rules in this area, as well as their scope and limitations, and this especially refers to the process of harmonization and application of international standards. In the area of food safety, in the WTO law, through the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, a realistic normative system is created based on the rules that ensure safety and predictable access to food at the international market, with priority observing of human health and food safety. In terms of content, the leading role of states in this area is not excluded, but it is upgraded with alternative solutions for the facilitated development of international trade, in particular with a strong fostering of harmonization and normative recognition and regulation of the status of international standards. Although the given WTO approach can certainly be positively evaluated, it is not unambiguous and faces limitations and challenges, especially in the context of the Codex of standards as the main international reference point in the field of food safety. Therefore, it is necessary to refine this normative system, harmonize it one with another, and specifically specify it in order to avoid negative implications of the vagueness of some of the rules, which would raise the effectiveness of these rules to a higher level.
Reform processes regarding limited liability companies in legislation of European Union and its member states
Authors: Vasiljević Zoran
Published: March 2023

Unlike national legislations, at the level of the European Union, more detailed regulation of limited liability companies is lacking. However, in the last twenty years, there has been a trend of facilitating the establishment and business conditions of this type of companies, as the most suitable form for conducting such a process. The author presents and analyzes development and implementation of the idea of mitigating the conditions for the establishment of limited liability companies, especially through the creation of its special form - a simplified limited liability company. It is stated that better results were achieved at the national level, but also that there were progress at the level of the European Union, especially in terms of creating possibility for full electronic registration. It turned out that all efforts in this area have led to an increase in the number of newly established limited liability companies and especially their subtype of simplified companies.
Method to Develop Fast Response & Live Cruise CFD Data Stream to Digital Twinning Control Software
Authors: Firkan Serdar
Published: March 2023

The digital twinning is an important aspect of the evolving vessel management systems to reduce fuel consumption and predict operational parameters along the cruise route. Although the digital twinning of the vessels heavily operates on “pre-loaded” resistance data and engine parameters, it is becoming more important to generate real-time hydrodynamic & aerodynamic resistance data during cruising, with incoming weather, sea current and vessel trim/damage floating conditions along the route. For this purpose, the author aimed to develop a faster CFD methodology & algorithm to calculate the hydrodynamic & aerodynamic resistances, and then send the output to the digital twinning software of the vessel. The author aimed to develop a CFD code and algorithm that can be embedded to any Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) or Vessel Management Software to generate the resistance data in real time. The complexity of grid generation for RANSE calculations requires high density computer resources which increases the response time of the CFD software and the data flow. The other complexity is the adaptation of the “live cruise parameters” to the CFD software which significantly increases the calculation time. Although most programs focus on hydrodynamic calculation, with the implementation of this algorithm, both aerodynamic and hydrodynamic resistances of the vessel can be calculated at the same time.
Numerical Prediction of Skin Friction Coefficient by Coupling a Bem with X-Foil: Effect on the Hydrofoil and Propeller Performance
Authors: Wu Thomas S. , Kim Seungnam , Kinnas Spyros A.
Published: March 2023

A boundary element method (BEM) has been commonly used in a hydrofoil or propeller performance analysis. The effect of viscosity is often considered by applying a constant empirical friction coefficient over the blade, which does not fully consider the development of the boundary layer. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) low-order BEM is coupled with an originally two-dimensional boundary layer solver, X-foil, to evaluate the effect of viscosity on the blade surface and predict the open water characteristics of the 3D hydrofoil and propeller. During the process, the boundary layer equations are solved at each section, where the 2D influence coefficients in X-foil have been replaced by the 3D influence coefficients, corresponding to the panels at each strip, with the effect of the boundary layer sources from the other sections and the other blades being considered, in an iterative sense. Then, the viscous/inviscid interactive method is employed to calculate the skin friction coefficient, which significantly improves the prediction of friction and pressure distribution on the blade, and the efficiency of the propeller. Subsequently, full-blown Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are conducted to validate the predicted results under various conditions. The results demonstrate that the skin friction coefficient correlates well with RANS results. This model was shown to be robust and efficient for predicting viscous effects while requiring less computational effort than an arduous 3D meshwork in RANS.
Port Infrastructure Upgrade for Offshore Wind and Commercial Fishing
Authors: Stone Barbara A. , Duarte Ceasar
Published: March 2023

For the past 21 years and counting, the Port of New Bedford has been America’s highest grossing commercial fishing port and the epicenter of the industry on the East Coast. According to one recent study, the Port generates – largely through fishing, seafood processing, and related businesses – over $11 billion in economic output and supports nearly 7,000 jobs. The Port is the primary economic engine of Southeastern Massachusetts.

As a means of diversifying the region’s economic base, New Bedford Mayor Jon Mitchell and his Administration have worked for nearly a decade to position New Bedford to become the leader in offshore wind. New Bedford is now in a highly advantageous position to support the emergence of the American offshore wind industry. It is the closest industrial port to the Massachusetts and Rhode Island Wind Energy Areas, the largest cluster of wind energy areas on the East Coast with the acreage to support development of 14 GW of offshore wind power. As a result, the Port of New Bedford has the distinction of being the first U.S. port to host the marshalling and construction of a commercial-scale offshore wind development project. This effort requires a great deal of preparation, investment, and planning, much of which is well underway.

The goal of the New Bedford Port Authority is to promote development that allows both commercial fishing and offshore wind industries to thrive. This paper discusses the various public and private infrastructure investments in the Port. These investments are creating new bulkhead and terminal space as well as rehabilitating derelict waterfront properties. Because New Bedford Harbor is a Superfund site, most of these infrastructure developments are permitted through the State Enhanced Remedy (SER) process. This process enables projects that meet specific criteria through the Record of Decision to be permitted within weeks rather than months. Several public and private projects permitted through the SER process are, by necessity, interdependent..
Case Study of Creating a Brand New, Ultra-efficient, Data-driven Offshore Independent Operator
Authors: Purdy Adrian , Frost Colin
Published: March 2023

Supermajors and larger operators are offloading mature assets to focus their capital on funding newer assets and energy transition. Investors see opportunities for free cash flow generation. Ultra-efficiency is key. Data Science is seen as a key enabler. To that end, Cantium, a brand-new data-driven independent operator was formed in 2017. This paper describes how the digital oil company was created, the data science technologies and methods that were employed, the challenges, lessons learned and critical success factors and how value was created over time.
Production of potato seed tubers under the effect of Trichoderma sp. and rhizobacteria in greenhouse conditions
Authors: Contreras-Liza Sergio Eduardo , Ramírez Rodrigo Jesus Mauricio , Olivas Dionicio Belisario Luis
Published: March 2023

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the main crops in the Andean region and due to environmental aspects, the use of biocontrol agents is considered a safe way to produce potato seed tubers.The objective of the study was to evaluate potato inoculation with Trichoderma sp. as a matrix and rhizobacteria Bacillus simplex and Azotobacter sp. on the growth of potato seedlings from in vitro culture, for the production of seed tubers in a greenhouse. The inoculation of microorganisms was carried out in pots, using five potato genotypes for processing. The inoculation treatments were: control, Trichoderma sp., Trichoderma sp. + Azotobacter sp., Trichoderma sp. + Bacillus simplex, Trichoderma sp. + B. simplex + Azotobacter sp. The potato genotypes were cv. Unica (CIP392797.22), cv. Bicentenaria, the advanced clones CIP 396311.1, CIP 399101.1, and the experimental clone UH-09 from the Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión. A completely randomized design was used, under a factorial arrangement and comparisons between treatments were made at p<0.05. All inoculant treatments exceeded the control in number and weight of tubers per plant as well as in tuber size. Inoculations of Trichoderma sp. alone or with Azotobacter sp. increased plant height, number of leaves per plant and vegetative uniformity; inoculations with the Trichoderma sp. + B. simplex + Azotobacter sp. consortium, improved the dry weight of the foliage, number of shoots per plant and vegetative vigor. There were significant interactions between potato genotypes and inoculant treatments for plant uniformity, vegetative vigor, and the foliage's dry weight. Coinoculation with Trichoderma sp. and some bacterial strains promote the growth of in vitro potato seedlings, increasing the size and weight of the seed tubers and plant biomass, indicating an interrelation between fungi and bacteria that influence the production of potatoes in a greenhouse.
Eficácia e interação da associação de Flumioxazin e Pyroxasulfone para controle de capim-colonião (Panicum maximum)
Authors: Presoto Jéssica Cursino , Netto Acácio Gonçalves , Andrade Jeisiane de Fátima , Malardo Marcelo Rafael , Nicolai Marcelo , Christoffoleti Pedro Jacob
Published: March 2023

A infestação de plantas daninhas de difícil controle em uma cultura exerce efeitos negativos diretos no seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, competindo por água, luz e nutrientes, além de dificultar a colheita e, no caso específico da cana-de-açúcar, pode reduzir a longevidade do canavial. Normalmente, a mistura formulada de herbicidas em condições de pré-emergência é utilizada na cultura de cana-de-açúcar, para se alcançar maior espectro de ação, longo efeito residual e redução de custos. No entanto, uma mistura de duas moléculas pode resultar em efeitos sinérgicos, antagônicos ou aditivos, portanto, é importante conhecer a interação envolvida em cada mistura utilizada. Desta forma, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar possíveis interações da associação dos herbicidas flumioxazin e pyroxasulfone aplicados em condições de pré-emergência, bem como avaliar a eficácia de controle da mistura em capim-colonião (Panicum maximum). O experimento foi realizado em condição de casa-de-vegetação em vasos plásticos com capacidade de 5 L, e os tratamentos constaram de esquema fatorial 4 x 4, quatro doses do herbicida flumioxazin (0, 50, 100 e 200 g ha-1) e quatro doses do herbicida pyroxasulfone (0, 50, 100 e 200 g ha-1). Adotou-se o esquema experimental de blocos ao acaso, com avaliações percentuais de controle, e massa seca residual aos 35 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Os dados da interação foram analisados utilizando-se o modelo de Colby, e os dados de eficácia de controle foram analisados por meio do teste F e do teste de Tukey. A eficácia da associação entre os herbicidas flumioxazin e pyroxasulfone sobre o capim-colonião foi comprovada na aplicação em condições de pré-emergência, com médias acima de 90% de controle. A interação dos herbicidas flumioxazin e pyroxasulfone foi considerada aditiva pelo modelo de Colby.
Forsorg for de fattige: Fattigforsorg i lyset af en religiøs forståelseshorisont, Danmark 1522-1739
Authors:   , Nørby Pedersen Maria
Published: March 2023

Denne afhandling undersøger udviklingen af fattigforsorgslovgivning i Danmark fra den tidlige reformation til den tidlige enevælde med fokus på to forskningsspørgsmål: hvordan religionen og fattigforsorgen blev knyttet sammen i reformationsperioden 1522-1539, og hvordan lovgivere diskuterede og definerede ansvar og pligter i fattigforsorgen imellem 1536-1739. Afhandlingens bidrag består i en systematisk undersøgelse af lovgivning angående kongemagtens bestræbelser over for de fattige fra 1522-1739, hvilket er en underbelyst periode i fattigforsorgens historie. Dertil bidrager afhandlingen ved at inddrage religionen som et teoretisk perspektiv, da religiøse aspekter af fattigforsorgen hidtil har modtaget en flygtig opmærksomhed.
Non-invasive real-time genomic monitoring of the critically endangered kākāpō
Authors: Urban Lara , Miller Allison K , Eason Daryl , Vercoe Deidre , Shaffer Megan , Wilkinson Shaun P , Jeunen Gert-Jan , Gemmell Neil J , Digby Andrew
Published: March 2023

We used non-invasive real-time genomic approaches to monitor one of the last surviving populations of the critically endangered kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus). We first established an environmental DNA metabarcoding protocol to identify the distribution of kākāpō and other vertebrate species in a highly localized manner using soil samples. Harnessing real-time nanopore sequencing and the high-quality kākāpō reference genome, we then extracted species-specific DNA from soil. We combined long read-based haplotype phasing with known individual genomic variation in the kākāpō population to identify the presence of individuals, and confirmed these genomically informed predictions through detailed metadata on kākāpō distributions. This study shows that individual identification is feasible through nanopore sequencing of environmental DNA, with important implications for future efforts in the application of genomics to the conservation of rare species, potentially expanding the application of real-time environmental DNA research from monitoring species distribution to inferring fitness parameters such as genomic diversity and inbreeding.
Om fortellinger til kommisjonen i et maktperspektiv
Authors: Mathisen Stein Roar
Published: March 2023

Artikkel i publikasjonen Om den norske sannhets- og forsoningskommisjonen: foreløpige funn.
Current trends in nano-delivery systems for functional foods: a systematic review
Authors: Otchere Emmanuel , McKay Brighid M. , English Marcia M. , Aryee Alberta N. A.
Published: March 2023

Background

Increased awareness of the relationship between certain components in food beyond basic nutrition and health has generated interest in the production and consumption. Functional foods owe much of their health benefits to the presence of bioactive components. Despite their importance, their poor stability, solubility, and bioavailability may require the use of different strategies including nano-delivery systems (NDS) to sustain delivery and protection during handling, storage, and ingestion. Moreover, increasing consumer trend for non-animal sourced ingredients and interest in sustainable production invigorate the need to evaluate the utility of plant-based NDS.

Method

In the present study, 129 articles were selected after screening from Google Scholar searches using key terms from current literature.

Scope

This review provides an overview of current trends in the use of bioactive compounds as health-promoting ingredients in functional foods and the main methods used to stabilize these components. The use of plant proteins as carriers in NDS for bioactive compounds and the merits and challenges of this approach are also explored. Finally, the review discusses the application of protein-based NDS in food product development and highlights challenges and opportunities for future research.

Key Findings

Plant-based NDS is gaining recognition in food research and industry for their role in improving the shelf life and bioavailability of bioactives. However, concerns about safety and possible toxicity limit their widespread application. Future research efforts that focus on mitigating or enhancing their safety for food applications is warranted.
The formation of Al-Si aluminide coatings by pack cementation method on TNM-B1 intermetallic alloy
Authors: Woźniak Mateusz , Goral Marek , Kościelniak Barbara
Published: March 2023

The TiAl intermetallics are the promising material for aerospace application. According to its insufficient oxidation resistance above 900oC the using of protective coatings is necessary. The diffusion aluminide coatings based on TiAl2 or TiAl3 phases permits to formation of alumina scale on the surface of TiAl alloys. The pack cementation with Si doping is one of the most popular method of this type of coatings production. In present article the influence of Si content in the pack, process time and temperature during pack cementation process were investigated. The thickness of obtained coating was in range 20-50 μm. When Si content was higher the formation of titanium silicides was observed using almost all analysed values of process parameters. The results showed that using of 24 wt. % Si containing pack and process parameters: 4h/950oC enables to obtain the coating characterized by optimal thickness and structure. The porosity and cracks in coatings according to TiAl phases brittleness was observed.
Protective and Curative Potential of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Corchorus olitorius against Potassium Bromate-Induced Renal Toxicity
Authors: Abali I. O. , Nwobodo M. U. , Uche C. L. , Otuka O. A. I. , Chikezie K. , Omole O. R. , Ezirim E. O. , Airaodion A. I.
Published: March 2023

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the protective and curative potential of ethanol leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius against potassium bromate (KBrO3)-induced renal toxicity.

Methodology: Corchorus olitorius was extracted using a soxhlet extractor and ethanol as the solvent. After becoming accustomed to the lab, 24 mature male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to groups A, B, C, and D. Group A received oral distilled water as treatment. Animals in groups B, C, and D got 100 mg/kg body weight of potassium bromate while groups C and D also received 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of Corchorus olitorius respectively. Fresh potassium bromate and groups C and D extract were administered to rats every day by oral gavage. After taking the drug for the recommended 28 days, blood and kidney samples were collected. Renal biomarkers were evaluated using conventional methods.

Results: Significant (P0.05) increase in the serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl–), and bicarbonate (HCO3–) were observed following potassium bromate administration in comparison to the control group. KBrO3 poisoning also increased the levels of the inflammatory proteins interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) in the kidneys compared to the control group. Yet when KBrO3 and C. olitorius leaf extract were administered together, levels of all kidney indicators were significantly reduced in a dosage-dependent manner, with 200 mg/kg being the most efficient dose.

Conclusion: This study found that C. olitorius leaf extract, particularly at the higher dose of 200 mg/kg, was successful in reducing a number of the parameters examined that had been negatively impacted by KBrO3. It may be advantageous to include C. olitorius leaf in edible products that may contain KBrO3, such as flour, bread, or cakes, as it is a well-known dietary prebiotic with established safety profiles in humans. Further research is required to determine whether C. olitorius leaves can reduce the toxicity of KBrO3 in human organs and other animal strains, as well as perhaps treat it.