bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Parent-Reported Autism Spectrum Disorder Among US Children
Authors: Kogan Michael D. , Vladutiu Catherine J. , Schieve Laura A. , Ghandour Reem M. , Blumberg Stephen J. , Zablotsky Benjamin , Perrin James M. , Shattuck Paul , Kuhlthau Karen A. , Harwood Robin L. , Lu Michael C.
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To estimate the national prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis among US children aged 3 to 17 years as well as their treatment and health care experiences using the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH).

METHODS:

The 2016 NSCH is a nationally representative survey of 50 212 children focused on the health and well-being of children aged 0 to 17 years. The NSCH collected parent-reported information on whether children ever received an ASD diagnosis by a care provider, current ASD status, health care use, access and challenges, and methods of treatment. We calculated weighted prevalence estimates of ASD, compared health care experiences of children with ASD to other children, and examined factors associated with increased likelihood of medication and behavioral treatment.

RESULTS:

Parents of an estimated 1.5 million US children aged 3 to 17 years (2.50%) reported that their child had ever received an ASD diagnosis and currently had the condition. Children with parent-reported ASD diagnosis were more likely to have greater health care needs and difficulties accessing health care than children with other emotional or behavioral disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, behavioral or conduct problems, depression, developmental delay, Down syndrome, intellectual disability, learning disability, Tourette syndrome) and children without these conditions. Of children with current ASD, 27% were taking medication for ASD-related symptoms, whereas 64% received behavioral treatments in the last 12 months, with variations by sociodemographic characteristics and co-occurring conditions.

CONCLUSIONS:

The estimated prevalence of US children with a parent-reported ASD diagnosis is now 1 in 40, with rates of ASD-specific treatment usage varying by children’s sociodemographic and co-occurring conditions.
Mineralogical characterization of limonitic iron ore from the Rouina mine, Ain Defla (Algeria)
Authors: Messai Ali , Idres Abdelaziz , Benselhoub Aissa
Published: November 2018

The Rouina mine is one of the oldest operated mines of iron ore in Algeria, its product is used like an adjuvant in the cement industry because the extracted raw material is considered as a low-grade ore. The present paper investigates on the one hand its mineralogical composition with the aim of understanding the morphology, texture, phase identification and iron properties; and on the other hand studying the influence of washing on its quality. For characterization, X-Ray Diffractions (XRD) of collected samples, analysis of thin sections with scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a sieve analysis followed by washing of each size fraction using a sieve mesh 0.074 µm were adopted. The obtained results revealed that the raw material of the Rouina mine is clayey low-grade iron ore and it is possible to obtain a pre-concentrate through the washing method. This article suggests in addition conducting deep studies of Rouina iron ore with physico-chemical characterization in order to confirm the prior results (mineralogical characterization) and then to permit a suitable enrichment method to be applied with the aim of obtaining a high-grade iron ore acceptable for the metallurgical industry.
Natural-historical and ecological analysis of land resources and land use in Lugansk region
Authors: Sopov D. , Sopova N. , Dankeyeva O. , Chuhaiev S.
Published: November 2018

The recent but intensive economic development of the region has led to the formation of a modern land use structure, caused both by natural and historical factors. The destructive anthropogenic impact on the geomorphosphere has led to the degradation of soils and the degradation of the land fund. A retrospective analysis of the problem can reveal the causes and consequences of the land use system established in the region and suggest some adjustments to land management and land use policies. The influence of human economic activity (in particular, agriculture and the coal industry) on the nature of land use in the Lugansk region is considered (separately for the right bank and the left bank part thereof). The significance of the extent of ravines in the territory and the surface washout in the process of degradation of soils and lands is emphasized, which is especially expressed on the Donetsk ridge (right bank of the River Seversky Donets). The role of the semi-mountainous terrain of the Donetsk ridge as a natural factor in the spread of erosion processes is noted. A brief historical review of attempts to combat the development of ravines in Lugansk region, which have been conducted since the second half of the nineteenth century, is presented, but the vast majority of these efforts were not effective. One of the negative factors that influenced the structure of land use is the removal of an increasingly large area from use as grazing land, which increases the intensity of erosion processes. The destructive influence of mine production on the structure of land use in the studied region is highlighted. We note the ecological consequences of physical alienation of lands as a result of their occupation by waste heaps and other anthropogenic forms of relief, formed by the mining industry. It is emphasized that not only the mines themselves, but also concentration of factories, communication structures, etc. play a role in reducing the area occupied by agricultural land, and therefore cause a negative change in the structure of land use in the right-bank part of the territory of Lugansk region. It is noted that extensive and excessive intensive land use in agriculture and the coal mining industry in Lugansk region have led to the degradation of large areas of land and impoverishment of the land fund. It is stressed that the current structure of land use requires radical changes which should be based on new conceptual principles and a systematic approach to the problems of nature management.
Environmental risks and assessment of the hydrodynamic situation in the mines of Donetsk and Lugansk regions of Ukraine
Authors: Ulytsky O. , Yermakov V. , Lunova O. , Buglak O.
Published: November 2018

Modern environmental risks and threats relate with the negative impact of anthropogenic and natural factors on ecosystems, man-caused negative impact of industrial and potentially hazardous objects, pollution of drinking water sources, agricultural land, atmospheric air, deviation of the geological environment and subsoil on the safety of life in certain areas. Coal enterprises are one of the objects of high ecological danger and critical infrastructure. Today, environmental safety in the east of Ukraine should be considered in close connection with the ecological and man-made threats associated with combat operations in these territories. The authors carried out an analysis of scientific researches of past years and provided an assessment of environmental risks in the territories of coal mining enterprises in the present conditions considering the structural-geological, geofiltration and mining-geological parameters typically for the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine. The article considers the location of mines in Donetsk and Lugansk regions as zones of high ecological danger. The existing ecological threats and risks are determined, recommendations for minimization threats and risks in case of anthropogenic and environmental disasters are provided. The equation of calculating the coefficient of filtration in rocks is made, mineral-technical parameters of coal mines are analyzed. It is shown that one of the most probable factors of the transition of the territory into a zone of an emergency situation of a regional scale is the emergence of real threats to the life of a large number of people in the conditions of mass flooding of mines due to the termination of power supply of drainage and ventilation systems. Also in the article scientifically substantiated the provision of an acceptable level of environmental safety of the constituent parts of the environment (water environment) for the population living within the mining and agglomeration, taking into account the environ- mental factors of the negative factor-forming factors, as well as forecasting the hydrodynamic situation.
Вплив лісових насаджень плантаційного типу на водно-фізичні властивості лісового ґрунту в умовах Західного Лісостепу України
Authors: Debryniuk Iurii
Published: November 2018

Між насадженнями різного видового складу та ґрунтом існує тісна взаємодія, на яку можна впливати через зміну складу деревостану. Питання особливо актуальне з погляду тимчасового запровадження на відносно короткий проміжок часу плантаційних лісових насаджень на місці низькопродуктивних деревостанів. Тому вивчення змін у системі  плантаційні насадження → ґрунт → відновлений корінний деревостан є надзвичайно важливим чинником забезпечення високої продуктивності та біотичної стійкості лісових фітоценозів.

Високі запаси стовбурової деревини (понад 400 м3/га) в умовах вологої грабово-букової діброви у 40-річних насадженнях Larix eurolepis відзначено за щільності ґрунту 1,07-1,26 г/см3, пористості 48,1-59,4%, польової вологоємності 24,2-26,1% та ступеня аерації 41,6-54,3% в горизонтах He та І. Для насаджень Larix kaempferi із запасами 578 та 582 м3/га ці показники становлять, відповідно, 1,16-1,39 г/см3, 45,3-54,1%, 23,2-25,7% та 36,9-42,8%.

Для 40-річних насаджень Larix kaempferi в умовах вологої грабової діброви ці показники визначено для трьох горизонтів ґрунту (Н; Не; І) і становлять, відповідно, 1,46-1,68 г/см3, 40,1-58,6%, 14,0-30,3% та 25,7-59,9%. Наведені значення водно-фізичних показників грунту забезпечують високий запас стовбурової деревини (447 та 476 м3/га) модринових насаджень.

В умовах вологої грабової діброви 41-річне насадження Picea abies нагромаджує такі ж високі запаси стовбурової деревини (476 м3/га) за подібних значень водно-фізичних показників ґрунту: 1,47-1,66 г/см3, 42,1-59,7%, 20,1-28,5% та 20,9-29,8%.

Негативного впливу на водно-фізичні властивості ґрунтів чистих ялинових та модринових культур не встановлено, що дає підставу рекомендувати досліджувані деревні види для застосування у плантаційних лісових насадженнях на темно-сірих ґрунтах в умовах вологого груду Західного Лісостепу України.
Динаміка залежності надземної фітомаси букових деревостанів від їхніх таксаційних показників у переважаючих типах лісорослинних умов Полонинського хребта Українських Карпат
Authors: Hrynyk Heorhiy , Zadorozhnyy Andriy
Published: November 2018

Розроблено регресійні моделі залежності основних компонентів надземної фітомаси в абсолютно сухому стані від середньої висоти, середнього діаметра та відносної повноти деревостанів бука лісового в умовах вологого сугруду та вологого груду. Для отриманих за результатами табулювання функцій значень компонентів надземної фітомаси де­ревостанів бука лісового в обох досліджуваних типах лісорослинних умов простежено збільшення фітомаси із зростанням значення середніх висоти та діаметра стовбура. У типі лісорослинних умов С3 значення фітомаси деревини стовбура у досліджуваному діапазоні середніх висот зростають від 10,5-16,8 до 318-331 т×га-1, тоді як у типі лісорослинних умов D3 збільшення відбувається від 9,9-16,2 до 314-327 т×га-1. Різниця частки у значеннях цього показника зменшується із збільшенням середніх значень і висоти і діаметра стовбура. Аналогічну тенденцію простежено для фітомаси кори стовбура, кори гілок та загальної надземної фітомаси букових деревостанів. Для таких компонентів, як фітомаса деревини гілок та фітомаса листя зі збільшенням значень середньої висоти та середнього діаметра деревостану встановлено збільшення частки різниці між цими значеннями у досліджуваних типах лісорослинних умов. Вищі значення компонентів надземної фітомаси – в умовах вологого сугруду, порівняно із вологим грудом. Значення загальної надземної фітомаси збільшуються в типі лісорослинних умов С3 від 18,7-26,8 т×га-1 за висоти 4 м до 415-438 т×га-1 за висоти 34 м, а в типі лісорослинних умов D3 – від 17,7-25,6 т×га-1 до 412-426 т×га-1. Частка різниці між значеннями загальної надземної фітомаси в межах ступеня висоти зменшується зі збільшенням середнього діаметра.
Моделювання твірних поверхонь стовбурів деревини за допомогою сплайн-функцій
Authors: Hrytsiuk Yuriy , Yatsyshyn Svitlana
Published: November 2018

Розроблено методологію моделювання складних геометричних поверхонь природного походження – стовбура деревини за допомогою сплайн-функцій, що дає змогу підвищити точність та достовірність її обліку за різними розмірними характеристиками, а також випиляних з них пиломатеріалів у галузі деревообробки. З'ясовано, що метод побудови математичних моделей твірних поверхонь поперечного перерізу колод і їх поверхонь вздовж осі дає змогу на основі єдиного теоретичного підходу описати їх розміри та форму осей і зовнішніх твірних поверхонь. Він заснований на вимірюванні координат певної кількості точок поперечного перерізу стовбура деревини уздовж її довжини і подальшої інтерполяції точкового базису. Встановлено, що математичний апарат – інтерполяційні кубічні сплайни, побудовані на невеликій кількості точок поверхні, дають змогу з достатньою точністю визначити розмірні показники і врахувати особливості форми стовбурів деревини (кривизну, сучкуватість і гнилину, механічні пошкодження), а також є адекватними індивідуальними моделями для обліку колод як деревини, так і випиляних з них пиломатеріалів. Реалізовано програмне забезпечення для побудови твірних поверхонь стовбурів деревини складної геометричної форми, яке дає змогу здійснити побудову моделей поверхонь колод сплайн-функціями. Наведено алгоритми обліку стовбура деревини та окремі алгоритми схем розкрою колод на пиломатеріали. Досліджено, що вихід пиломатеріалів після здійсненого математичного моделювання значно збільшується порівняно з класичними способами моделювання поверхонь колод. Встановлено, що метод індивідуальних моделей стовбурів деревини, їх математична, програмна й апаратна підтримка у вигляді математичних моделей, алгоритми реалізації та програмне забезпечення, результати і висновки поданих досліджень можуть бути використані для проектування виробничо-технологічних систем деревообробки, створення відповідних ресурсоощадних технологічних процесів на основі сучасного технологічного та вимірювального обладнання, методів і моделей інформаційних технологій.
Формостійкість як критерій якості столярних плит із вживаної деревини
Authors: Hayda Serhiy , Kiyko Orest
Published: November 2018

Встановлено, що вживана деревина (ВЖД), щорічний потенціал якої становить в Україні близько 2 млн тонн ВЖД, є ресурсною базою деревинної сировини, яка не використовується, а її запаси збільшуються із посиленням розвитку господарств та деревообробної галузі.

Обґрунтовано, що ВЖД є придатним вторинним ресурсом для виготовлення столярних плит (СП), оскільки ця деревина має невисоку ціну, низьку вологість (W=8±3%) та стабільні внутрішні напруження, що позитивно впливає на формостійкість – напружено-деформований стан конструкції CП. Отримано закономірності впливу ширини рейок із ВЖД(масив) та ВЖД(ДСП) на формостійкість комбінованих СП із ВЖД.

Визначено, що значення формостійкості отриманих СП із ВЖД мали показники, менші за нормативні (0,3 мм). Досліджено, що на формостійкість СП із ВЖД впливає співвідношення товщини до ширини рейки. Доведено, що для досягнення формостійкості згідно зі стандартом рекомендовано ширину рейки для склеювання столярного щита приймати не більше 2-4 її товщини. Встановлено, що найкращу якість щодо стабільності форми (формостійкість) будуть мати  комбіновані СП із ВЖД при конструкції за ширини рейок: ВВЖД = 30 мм; ВДСП = 70 мм, коли відхилення від площинності становлять 0,081 мм. Для забезпечення формостійкості СП із ВЖД, які експлуатуються в умовах змінної вологості, бажано застосовувати співвідношення сторін у поперечному перерізі рейок 1:3, а кут нахилу річних шарів в торці рейок повинен бути не менше 45о. Рекомендовано для виготовлення комбінованих СП із ВЖД використовувати дерев’яні рейки радіального перерізу. Личковані СП із ВЖД доцільно використовувати для виготовлення корпусних меблевих виробів.
Cumulative assessment: Does it improve students’ knowledge acquisition and retention?
Authors: Cecilio-Fernandes Dario , Nagtegaal Manouk , Noordzij Gera , Tio René A
Published: November 2018

AIMS: Cumulative assessment has been used as a tool to steer students’ study behavior, since it increases students’ self-study time while spreading their study time more evenly throughout the span of the course. However, little is known about the impact of cumulative assessment on students’ knowledge growth. Therefore, our study compared the growth of knowledge of students who attended a course with cumulative assessment with those with end-of-course assessment. We hypothesized that students in the cumulative assessment condition would have a higher increase in knowledge compared to students in the end-of-course assessment condition.METHODS: This is a follow-up study of a previous randomized experiment that compared students’ performance between students who attended a course with cumulative assessment with those with end-of-course assessment. We gathered data of the first four subsequent Dutch interuniversity progress test after the experiment from 62 students. Of those, 37 students were in the end-of-course assessment condition and 25 were in the cumulative assessment condition. The questions were classified as part of the teaching block or not. To analyze students’ knowledge growth, we conducted a General Linear Model.RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that there was a significant increase in students’ knowledge of the four subsequent progress tests. Additionally, our general linear model showed no difference between both groups, indicating that cumulative assessment and end-of-course assessment produced similar outcomes when comparing students’ knowledge growth.CONCLUSIONS: So far, little evidence has supported the use of cumulative assessment as a tool for increasing students’ knowledge growth. The lack of finding a positive effect of cumulative assessment on knowledge retention may be explained by the repetitive character of our (spiral) curriculum.
Association between problematic Internet use, sleep disturbance, and suicidal behavior in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Guo Lan , Luo Min , Wang Wan-Xin , Huang Guo-Liang , Xu Yan , Gao Xue , Lu Ci-Yong , Zhang Wei-Hong
Published: November 2018

Background and aims

This large-scale study aimed to test (a) associations of problematic Internet use (PIU) and sleep disturbance with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Chinese adolescents and (b) whether sleep disturbance mediates the association between PIU and suicidal behavior.

Methods

Data were drawn from the 2017 National School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey. A total of 20,895 students’ questionnaires were qualified for analysis. The Young’s Internet Addiction Test was used to assess PIU, and level of sleep disturbance was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Multilevel logistic regression models and path models were utilized in analyses.

Results

Of the total sample, 2,864 (13.7%) reported having suicidal ideation, and 537 (2.6%) reported having suicide attempts. After adjusting for control variables and sleep disturbance, PIU was associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation (AOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03−1.04) and suicide attempts (AOR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.02−1.04). Findings of the path models showed that the standardized indirect effects of PIU on suicidal ideation (standardized β estimate = 0.092, 95% CI = 0.082−0.102) and on suicide attempts (standardized β estimate = 0.082, 95% CI = 0.068−0.096) through sleep disturbance were significant. Conversely, sleep disturbance significantly mediated the association of suicidal behavior on PIU.

Discussion and conclusions

There may be a complex transactional association between PIU, sleep disturbance, and suicidal behavior. The estimates of the mediator role of sleep disturbance provide evidence for the current understanding of the mechanism of the association between PIU and suicidal behavior. Possible concomitant treatment services for PIU, sleep disturbance, and suicidal behavior were recommended.
As cartas de Tell el-Amarna: classificação
Authors: Kaefer José Ademar
Published: November 2018

As 382 cartas descobertas em Tell el-Amarna foram classificadas por Jorge Alexandre Knudtson e se mantêm assim até os dias atuais. Knudtson organizou as cartas em dois grandes grupos: aquelas enviadas pelos grandes reinos da época e aquelas enviadas pelos vassalos das cidades-Estado de Canaã. O segundo grupo pode ser dividido em outros dois subgrupos: o grupo norte, que segue o trajeto das cidades-Estado vassalas localizadas na região da costa marítima, de norte a sul; e as cidades-Estado centro e sul, que reúne as cidades localizadas em sua maioria no interior de Canaã, também seguindo uma sequência de norte a sul. É nesse segundo subgrupo que se encontram as cartas das cidades-Estado que tiveram influência direta na história do futuro Israel: Damasco, Hazor, Meguido, Siquém, Pella, Gath-Padalla, Guezer, Gat, Laquis e Jerusalém.
Tracking the distribution of non-professional subtitles to study new audiences
Authors: Orrego Carmona David , Richter Simon
Published: November 2018

This paper analyzes the consumers in the context of non-professional subtitling (NPS). Using web scraping techniques to collect data about the downloading rate of non-professional subtitles we explore the behavior of consumers. Drawing on the case of the subtitles for House of Cards in Addic7ed.com, a popular multilingual non-professional subtitle distribution website, we describe the consumption of non-professional subtitles and the users’ response. After outlining the situation of the international audiences for audiovisual products and the relevance of consumers as the driving force behind NPS communities, we analyze the collected data in terms of their interest in the originality of the content and their wish to access the content immediately after it is available. Our findings indicate that the users of non-professional subtitles are highly engaged consumers, eager to access the content as soon as possible and interested in watching it in its original language (English), even with intralingual (same-language) subtitles.
Hyperlocal Journalism and PR: Diversity in Roles and Interactions
Authors: Stúr Elisabeth , Jangdal Lottie , Nilsson Asta Cepaite
Published: November 2018

Hyperlocal media has repeatedly been framed as a potential saviour of local journalism, but the democratic and civic role that often is ascribed to hyperlocals is not obvious or uncomplicated. The hyperlocals’ vulnerable economic situation makes them dependent on free content, for example material produced by local councils or organizations. This paper investigates the role of hyperlocal media entrepreneurs and their interaction with local councils and other stakeholders. We examine how the hyperlocal media entrepreneurs supply their communities with news in places of a media void, and how they perceive their role in their communities. Findings from this qualitative study show that the media entrepreneurs view their news production as an important part of the local community. They provide a forum for debate and information for citizens, local governments and organizations. Their service also includes a channel for local events relevant for the community. The interactions with the local governments vary, as well as the hyperlocal entrepreneurs’ evaluation of how the information provided by the councils can or should be handled. The relation between hyperlocal media entrepreneurs and local governments is a complex process, including both interrelated and contradictory goals.
Envelhecimento ativo: prevalência e diferenças de gênero e idade em estudo de base populacional
Authors: Sousa Neuciani Ferreira da Silva , Lima Margareth Guimarães , Cesar Chester Luiz Galvão , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as prevalências e as diferenças de gênero e idade em indicadores de envelhecimento ativo entre idosos participantes do Inquérito de Saúde do Município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, 2014-2015. Estimaram-se as prevalências de participação dos idosos em doze atividades relativas a quatro dimensões, e as razões de prevalência foram calculadas pela regressão de Poisson. A população de estudo foi composta por 986 idosos. Os resultados revelaram que 40,2% dos idosos participavam de atividades socioculturais, 25,3% eram fisicamente ativos no lazer, 21,7% usavam a Internet, 22,1% exerciam trabalho remunerado e apenas 2,6% realizavam cursos. Quanto à dimensão social, só houve diferença entre os sexos na frequência aos cultos religiosos, sendo menos prevalente entre os homens (RP = 0,67). Na dimensão da atividade física, os homens eram mais ativos no trabalho (RP = 2,10), no deslocamento (RP = 1,61) e no lazer (RP = 1,44). Na dimensão intelectual, não houve diferença entre os sexos e, em relação ao trabalho remunerado, os homens eram mais ativos (RP = 1,78). As análises segundo faixas etárias evidenciaram que, entre os homens, apenas a prática de atividade física no trabalho e o exercício de trabalho remunerado apresentaram menor prevalência no grupo de 80 anos e mais. Entre as mulheres mais longevas, foram identificadas menores prevalências em seis atividades, o que sinaliza possível efeito diverso do avanço da idade entre os sexos. Os resultados revelam expressiva participação dos idosos em alguns dos indicadores do envelhecimento ativo e os desafios no que concerne às atividades pouco realizadas e às diferenças de participação entre os sexos.
PROTAGONISMO DO PENSAMENTO NEGRO NO BRASIL: O LUGAR DAS MULHERES E CRIANÇAS NEGRAS NO PROJETO UNESCO
Authors: CRUZ ANA CRISTINA JUVENAL DA
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta uma cartografia das pesquisas que trataram sobre a condição das mulheres e crianças negras no interior dos estudos que compuseram o programa de pesquisa da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, Ciência e Cultura UNESCO aplicado no Brasil conhecido por “Projeto UNESCO” sobre relações raciais, em parceria com a Revista Anhembi de São Paulo entre 1950 e 1953. Debruçar-se-á sobre as descrições da etapa paulista do referido projeto cuja orientação a cargo de Florestan Fernandes e Roger Bastide, foi organizada metodologicamente com contribuições de mulheres e homens negros que atuaram também como pesquisadoras/es por meio de depoimentos e práticas empíricas de participação conjunta na investigação. De modo específico, serão apresentadas questões relativas à condição das mulheres e crianças negras, assim pretende-se reconhecer o protagonismo de negras e negros retirando-as do ostracismo a que foram relegadas.
A EDUCAÇÃO DAS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS NA EJA: ENTRE AS POTENCIALIDADES E OS DESAFIOS DA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA
Authors: PASSOS JOANA CÉLIA DOS , SANTOS CARINA SANTIAGO DOS
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: Se observado o currículo escolar constata-se que os conhecimentos ainda são hegemonicamente de base eurocêntrica, contribuindo para o tratamento desigual na escolarização da população negra ao não levar em conta sua história. Neste sentido, a inclusão de conhecimentos sobre a educação das relações étnico-raciais e sobre a história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana, protagonizada pelo movimento negro representa um avanço político e pedagógico na história da educação e da escola brasileira. O presente artigo problematiza a prática pedagógica na educação de jovens e adultos a partir da pesquisa-ação, realizada entre coordenação pedagógica e professores, tendo como foco a educação das relações étnico-raciais. São também abordados estudos já realizados sobre o tema, evidenciando os anúncios que se fazem para a superação dos desafios que se colocam para essa modalidade educativa. O campo escolhido como lócus para a análise é a EJA desenvolvida em uma capital do sul do Brasil.
PEDAGOGIA DA CRUELDADE: RACISMO E EXTERMÍNIO DA JUVENTUDE NEGRA
Authors: Gomes Nilma Lino , Laborne Ana Amélia de Paula
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: A juventude negra é o foco central do artigo. Para compreendê-la buscou-se analisar a relação entre juventude, desigualdade, raça e racismo na conformação da situação de extermínio da juventude negra. O texto apresenta e discute dados estatísticos sobre homicídios da juventude negra e os interpreta à luz das discussões sobre a branquitude e o racismo. Compreendendo a violência como um fenômeno multicausal discute ainda o racismo como a macrocausa dessa situação, fruto da ideia de raça que se construiu desde os tempos coloniais no Brasil. Raça e racismo se tornaram ideias e práticas ainda mais complexas após a abolição da escravatura possibilitando a política de branqueamento. Elas fazem parte da estrutura de desigualdade vivida pela população negra brasileira. A análise também aponta o protagonismo da juventude negra na denúncia da situação de violência por ela vivida, indo além da ideia de extermínio e politizando-a como genocídio.
Biochemical identification techniques and antibiotic susceptibility profile of lipolytic ambiental bacteria from effluents
Authors: Rave A. F. G. , Kuss A. V. , Peil G. H. S. , Ladeira S. R. , Villarreal J. P. V. , Nascente P. S.
Published: November 2018

Abstract Different methodologies have been developed throughout the years to identify environmental microorganisms to improve bioremediation techniques, determine susceptibility profiles of bacteria in contaminated environments, and reduce the impact of microorganisms in ecosystems. Two methods of bacterial biochemical identification are compared and the susceptibility profile of bacteria, isolated from residential and industrial wastewater, is determined. Twenty-four bacteria were retrieved from the bacteria bank of the Environmental Microbiology Laboratory at the Institute of Biology (IB) of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. Bacteria were identified by conventional biochemical tests and by the VITEK ®2 automated system. Further, the susceptibility profile to antibiotics was also determined by the automated system. Six species of bacteria (Raoutella planticola, K. pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae , Serratia marcescens, Raoutella sp., E. cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca) were identified by conventional biochemical tests, while three species of bacteria (K. pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae, S. marcescens and K. oxytoca ) were identified by VITEK®2 automated system. VITEK ®2 indicated agreement in 19 (79.17%) isolates and difference in five (20.83%) isolates when compared to results from conventional biochemical tests. Further, antibiotic susceptibility profile results showed that all isolates (100%) were resistant to at least one out of the 18 antibiotics tested by VITEK®2. Thus, no multi-resistant bacteria that may be used in effluent treatment systems or in bioremediation processes have been reported. Results indicate VITEK ® 2 automated system as a potential methodology in the determination of susceptibility profile and identification of environmental bacteria.
Coalizões de defesa dos migrantes internacionais e política partidária, durante a transição democrática, em São Paulo
Authors: Freitas Patrícia Tavares de
Published: November 2018

Resumo Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a formação e desenvolvimento de uma das coalizões de apoio e de defesa dos direitos dos migrantes internacionais na cidade de São Paulo, entre os anos 1970 e 1990. A partir da perspectiva analítica dos domínios de agência, identificamos: i) a evolução das formas de ação da coalizão ao longo do período considerado e; ii) os encaixes institucionais logrados pela coalizão durante a primeira década do período democrático, nas estruturas executivas do governo estadual.
Effect of the catalyst on the physical and aroma attributes of interesterified milk fat-vegetable oil blends
Authors: Rocha Mayara Ribeiro , Bôas Renata Nazaré Vilas , Biaggio Francisco Carlos , Castro Heizir Ferreira de , Giordani Domingos Sávio
Published: November 2018

Abstract The present study aimed to verify the influence of the catalyst (sodium methoxide and the lipase from Rhizopus oryzae immobilized on a hybrid support - silica-polyvinyl alcohol) on the physical and aroma attributes of the products obtained from the interesterification of milk fat with vegetable oils (soybean and canola). The evaluation was carried out using an electronic nose (e-nose) and a texture analyzer. Interesterification reactions were carried out with binary blends (65% of milk fat and 35% of vegetable oil) using 0.75% sodium methoxide (60 °C for 60 min) and immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase at a fixed proportion of 500 units of activity per gram of blend (45 °C for 6 h). The results showed that the e-nose sensors discriminated satisfactorily the aromas of both raw materials and products and were able to distinguish them according to the catalyst used. In relation to the texture, both catalysts generated products with appropriate consistencies with satisfactory plasticity and spreadability at refrigerator temperatures.
O projeto da MP nº 746: entre o discurso e o percurso de um novo ensino médio
Authors: Ferreira Rosilda Arruda , Ramos Luiza Olívia Lacerda
Published: November 2018

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objeto a Medida Provisória nº 746, de 22 de setembro de 2016, convertida na Lei nº 13.415 de 2017, que institui a Política de Fomento à Implementação de Escolas de Ensino Médio em Tempo Integral, altera a Lei nº 9.394, de 20 de dezembro de 1996 e a Lei nº 11.494, de 20 de junho 2007. Têm como objetivos analisar os argumentos que justificaram a edição da MP nº 746 e discutir as principais alterações propostas com relação à (re) organização do ensino médio, tomando como base o previsto na legislação vigente. Utilizaram-se a metodologia de análise de conteúdo e a análise documental para tal investigação. Os resultados preveem muitos desafios, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos investimentos financeiros, para as atuais escolas de ensino médio e para a preparação de professores que irão atuar numa nova perspectiva de formação do jovem brasileiro.
Puntuando algunos de los desafíos de las universidades latinoamericanas en el futuro presente
Authors: Serna Aura González , Gomes Edvânia Torres Aguiar , Silva Dweison Nunes Souza
Published: November 2018

Este artículo busca reflexionar sobre los desafíos y caminos de la educación superior, en especial, el papel actual y futuro de las universidades latinoamericanas en el proceso de formación de individuos y sociedades. Para tanto, recoge a las consideraciones debatidas en el panel: los desafíos de la universidad y la educación en América Latina hoy, en la Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana - Unaula - Colombia en 2014, así como nexo con autores y publicaciones oficiales sobre el tema. La universidad en la condición de institución social y destinada a metabolizar procesos de educación democrática, necesita abandonar ciertos conceptos intencionalmente construidos a lo largo de la historia y acercarse con urgencia a la sociedad. Su desafío está en la necesidad de romper con los paradigmas del conocimiento estructuralista, que en la contemporaneidad homogeniza la forma como se construyen individuos y sociedad, aspecto vinculado en grande medida a la noción de sociedad del conocimiento, utilizándose de las llamadas innovaciones tecnológicas. Finalmente, el éxito de ese enfrentamiento depende de los vínculos e imperativos que presente y futuro están siendo creados con la sociedad en general, puntos clave por los cuales la educación superior necesita responder a las necesidades de todos los sectores da sociedad. En este sentido, la universidad, ejerce un papel fundamental para la objetivación de la internacionalización de la educación superior, en la medida en que permite a los estudiantes vivenciar, de manera profunda y transformadora, los intercambios a través de sus programas de cooperación internacional en niveles de pre-grado, maestría y doctorado, punto esencial para la formación de individuos críticos y más preparados a las demandas presente futura en sus diferentes escalas.
Formação profissional para o SUS: análise de reformas curriculares em cursos de graduação em nutrição
Authors: Recine Elisabetta , Alves Kelly Poliany de Souza , Monego Estelamaris , Sugai Andrea , Melo Alice Cristina Medeiros
Published: November 2018

A reorganização do modelo assistencial do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) se constitui em um desafio e a formação dos profissionais que o integram se apresenta como uma das barreiras para implementação da atenção integral à saúde. Dessa maneira, o objetivo desse estudo foi relatar e problematizar experiências de mudanças na formação de nutricionistas em instituições de ensino superior/IES públicas e privadas, de diferentes regiões do país, que adotaram a formação para o SUS como eixo norteador. Foram avaliados nove cursos, cujos resultados foram sintetizados em quatro eixos: integração com serviços de atenção à saúde; atuação prática; abordagem integrada do conhecimento e; articulação da formação com projetos de pesquisa e extensão. Estratégias indutoras de reestruturação da formação profissional, como PET-Saúde e Pró-Saúde, contribuíram na interlocução das IES com gestores e profissionais de saúde e na inserção oportuna dos estudantes na rede de serviços. Reformulações pedagógicas amplas nas IES oportunizaram mudanças mais inovadoras, estruturais e sustentadas. No entanto, permanecem desafios como articulação interna dos professores de diferentes áreas de conhecimento, formação pedagógica dos docentes e inclusão de gestores e profissionais do SUS no planejamento do processo de ensino-aprendizagem em serviço.
Revisiting the Approximation Bound for Stochastic Submodular Cover
Authors: Hellerstein Lisa , Kletenik Devorah
Published: November 2018

Deshpande et al. presented a k(ln R + 1) approximation bound for Stochastic Submodular Cover, where k is the state set size, R is the maximum utility of a single item, and the utility function is integer-valued. This bound is similar to the ln Q/(eta+1) bound given by Golovin and Krause, whose analysis was recently found to have an error. Here Q >= R is the goal utility and eta is the minimum gap between Q and any attainable utility Q' < Q. We revisit the proof of the k(ln R + 1) bound of Deshpande et al., fill in the details of the proof of a key lemma, and prove two bounds for real-valued utility functions: k(ln R_1 + 1) and (ln R_E + 1). Here R_1 equals the maximum ratio between the largest increase in utility attainable from a single item, and the smallest non-zero increase attainable from that same item (in the same state). The quantity R_E equals the maximum ratio between the largest expected increase in utility from a single item, and the smallest non-zero expected increase in utility from that same item. Our bounds apply only to the stochastic setting with independent states.
LTL on Finite and Process Traces: Complexity Results and a Practical Reasoner
Authors: Fionda Valeria , Greco Gianluigi
Published: November 2018

Linear temporal logic (LTL) is a modal logic where formulas are built over temporal operators relating events happening in different time instants. According to the standard semantics, LTL formulas are interpreted on traces spanning over an infinite timeline. However, applications related to the specification and verification of business processes have recently pointed out the need for defining and reasoning about a variant of LTL, which we name LTLp, whose semantics is defined over process traces, that is, over finite traces such that, at each time instant, precisely one propositional variable (standing for the execution of some given activity) evaluates true.

The paper investigates the theoretical underpinnings of LTLp and of a related logic formalism, named LTLf, which had already attracted attention in the literature and where formulas have the same syntax as in LTLp and are evaluated over finite traces, but without any constraint on the number of variables simultaneously evaluating true. The two formalisms are comparatively analyzed, by pointing out similarities and differences. In addition, a thorough complexity analysis has been conducted for reasoning problems about LTLp and LTLf, by considering arbitrary formulas as well as classes of formulas defined in terms of restrictions on the temporal operators that are allowed. Finally, based on the theoretical findings of the paper, a practical reasoner specifically tailored for LTLp and LTLf has been developed by leveraging state-of-the-art SAT solvers. The behavior of the reasoner has been experimentally compared with other systems available in the literature.
Systemic Therapy Use and Outcomes After Relapse from Preoperative Radiation and Extrapleural Pneumonectomy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Soldera Sara V. , Kavanagh John , Pintilie Melania , Leighl Natasha B. , Perrot Marc , Cho John , Hope Andrew , Feld Ronald , Bradbury Penelope A.
Published: November 2018

Background

Multimodality therapy with preoperative radiation (RT) followed by extrapleural pneumonectomy (EP) for patients with operable malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has demonstrated encouraging results. At relapse, there are few data on the tolerance and efficacy of systemic therapies after prior multimodality therapy.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with relapsed MPM after RT and EPP ± adjuvant chemotherapy to determine overall survival (OS; date of relapse to death) and the proportion of patients that received systemic therapy and associated response rate (RR). OS was estimated using Kaplan–Meier method and potential prognostic variables were examined.

Results

Fifty-three patients were included (2008–2016). Median OS was 4.8 months (median follow-up 4.4 months, range 0.03–34.8). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) ≥2, disease-free interval (DFI) <1 year, and hemoglobin ≤110 g/L at recurrence were associated with worse prognosis. Thirty-six percent of patients received any systemic therapy, whereas it was omitted in 62% because of poor PS. RR was 15% (0 complete responses, 15% partial responses) in 13 individuals with response-evaluable disease. Therapy was discontinued because of toxicity (6/15) or disease progression (5/15), and median number of cycles was four.

Conclusion

Patients with relapsed MPM following RT and EPP, especially those with ECOG PS ≥2, DFI <1 year, and hemoglobin ≤110 g/L at recurrence, have poor prognosis and low RR to first-line systemic therapy. Earlier detection and novel diagnostic markers of relapse as well as potential neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic therapy should be investigated in future studies.
Degradation and life prediction model for piles due to crystallisation attack in sulfate saline area
Authors: Li Jingpei , Zhao Gaowen , Shi Mei
Published: November 2018

Crystallisation attack is claimed to be a principal reason for failure of and damage to concrete structures in saline and offshore areas. A degradation mode, dividing the degradation process of concrete into four steps, is presented to describe the destruction process and mechanisms of piles subjected to crystallisation attack. A theoretical model for predicting the service life of a concrete pile is proposed, taking both the environmental factors and pile properties into consideration. Laboratory tests of fully or partially immersed concrete specimens are performed to reveal the degradation process and to validate the proposed model. Furthermore, a case study is conducted to analyse the factors that influence crystallisation attack. The results show that the proposed model exhibits good agreement with experimental results and gives a satisfactory prediction. The case study indicates that the sulfate concentration, solar radiation and depth of the groundwater are the key environmental factors that influence the service life of piles. An increase in concrete cover thickness can improve the ability to resist crystallisation attack and hence enhance the service life of concrete structures. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the proposed model is capable of predicting the service life of concrete piles under crystallisation attack.
Models for estimating optimum asphalt content from aggregate gradation
Authors: Mousa Kareem M. , Abdelwahab Hassan T. , Hozayen Hozayen A.
Published: November 2018

The optimum asphalt content is one of the most important parameters as it has a great influence on the asphalt-mix performance. This paper provides a set of simple and multiple linear regression models for estimating the optimum asphalt content (OAC) from the aggregate gradation of the asphalt mix. The process of estimating the OAC is called the asphalt-mix design. The method used for the mix design in Egypt is the Marshall design method; however, the results are subject to variation and it is time consuming as it involves preparation and testing of 15 specimens. This research study provides a new approach for using the Marshall test; this approach is time saving and reduces the effort and resources used in the test as the developed models can be used to estimate the OAC and then three Marshall specimens are prepared to estimate the other design parameters.
Impact of acid leachates on microtexture of bentonites used in geosynthetic clay liners
Authors: Liu Y. , Gates W. P. , Bouazza A.
Published: November 2018

This study reports supportive evidence, from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of bentonite cakes, of the textural effects caused by reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid on the bentonite component of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) and how these effects may influence observed bentonite hydraulic performance. SEM images revealed that changes to the natural micro-textures of bentonite were due to interaction with acidic leachate, the effects being greater with increased concentration. It was observed from high resolution TEM images that most of the effects detrimental to hydraulic performance were related to re-arrangement of smectite quasi-crystals, as expected for textural responses to increased ionic strength. Significant bentonite dissolution was also observed in both SEM and TEM images after reaction at room temperature for as much as 48 h with sulfuric acid. The observed changes in the microtexture of the bentonite component by both SEM and TEM provide a physical explanation to the bulk experimental results as well as a benchmark for the application of GCLs under acidic conditions.
Improving freeze–thaw durability of recycled asphalt-waste pavements with sodium chloride
Authors: Godoy Vinícius Batista , Leon Helena Batista , da Silva Carretta Mariana , Consoli Nilo Cesar
Published: November 2018

The use of industrial wastes such as coal fly ash (CFA) and carbide lime (CL) can enhance the long-term performance of recycled asphalt pavements under freeze–thaw conditions as well as reduce consumption of natural resources. Further improvement of the mechanical properties of such blends can be achieved by adding small quantities of sodium chloride (NaCl). Blends of recycled asphalt, CFA, CL and sodium chloride were therefore assessed in terms of their durability to freeze–thaw exposure. Additional splitting tensile tests were performed to evaluate strength improvements after adding sodium chloride. Specimens were moulded with three different dry unit weights and two different lime percentages, and cured for 7 d. The accumulated loss of mass was evaluated as a function of the porosity/lime index, which broadens the applicability of this index by demonstrating it, and influences not only strength but also long-term performance. The improvement in engineering properties provided by sodium chloride was found to be related to the formation of mineral phase thomsonite and to sodium chloride acting as a catalyser.