bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) PASCACEDERA KEPALA BERAT SEBAGAI FAKTOR PERAMALAN PERJALANAN PENYAKIT {(Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Prognostic Factor in Severe Head Injury)}
Authors: Dharmajaya Ridha
Published: October 2018

Severe head Injury result in primary and secondary brain damage. The secondary brain damage produces a more worse effect thanthe primary one. Therefore, the process of the secondary brain damage should be prevented in order to obtain a maximum result ofpatient management. The difficulty is to make sure, whether the secondary brain damage is already very bad or, on the other hand, isstill in a positive condition, causing patient management to have a good result. The prognostic decision, is the most important thing inpatient management. The objective of this research was to find an accurate prognostic factor which is simple and non invasive for severehead injury for each time lapse, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours after the brain damage which had caused the head injury. The installation ofan intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor for the first 24 hours, after the head injury, followed by taking a cerebrospinal fluid sample forBDNF examination at the first 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 120 hours as well. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay was used todetermine BDNF. Each subject was assessed by Glasgow Outcome Scale classification, three months after the injury. The result of thisresearch was that BDNF at 48 hours after head injury showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between good and bad Glasgow OutcomeScale classification. Thus, it can be concluded that patients with an increase in BDNF (>6.16 pg/mL) 48 hours after head injury, mayhave a good prognosis.
PROTEIN REKOMBINAN 38 KDA MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS DALAM INTERLEUKIN-2 DAN INTERLEUKIN-4 SERTA LIMFOSIT T CD3+ (The Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 38 kDa Recombinant Protein in Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-4 as well as CD3+ T Lymphocytes)
Authors: Arthamin Maimun Z , Muktiati Nunuk S , Astuti Triwahju , Raras Tri Yudani M , Budi Didit T Setyo , Tanoerahardjo Francisca S.
Published: October 2018

Tuberculosis remains a serious global health problem despite the widespread use of the vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). Up tonow, the only available TB vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis BCG has a very wide efficacy range from 0 until 80 percent protection sothe development of a new vaccine is needed. The new protein as a candidate vaccine should be assessed for their immunogenicity. Thepurpose of this study was to examine whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis 38 kDa recombinant protein could stimulate a cellularimmune response especially CD3+T lymphocytes to express IL-2 and IL-4 in PBMC cultures. An experimental laboratory research oncultured PBMC of 3 groups consisting of TB patients, contacts of TB positive and healthy subjects, each group consisted of 8 subjects. AllPBMC cultures were induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis 38 kDa recombinant protein, Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) and withoutantigen as a control. Expression of IL-2 and IL-4 CD3+ T lymphocytes was measured with flowcytometry. In healthy volunteers and TBcontacts there was a significant difference in the expression of IL-2 and IL-4 CD3+ T lymphocytes compared with no any treatment. Thehighest IL-2 expression was in healthy subjects [8.13 (0.622)] while the highest expression of IL-4 was in TB patients [6.436 (4.586)].Mycobacterium tuberculosis 38 kDa recombinant protein could induce the expression of IL-2 and IL-4 of CD3+ T lymphocytes in healthysubjects, TB contacts and TB patients and there were a significance differences in the expression of all groups.
KESAHIHAN DIAGNOSTIK HEMOGLOBIN RETIKULOSIT UNTUK DETEKSI DEFISIENSI ZAT BESI DI KEHAMILAN (Diagnostic Validity of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin for Iron Deficiency Detection in Pregnancy)
Authors: Ratnaningsih Tri , Mulyono Budi , Sutaryo Sutaryo , Dwiprahasto Iwan
Published: October 2018

Entering the second trimester of pregnancy, more iron is required due to the increase in erythrocyte mass, plasma volume andthe development of fetus as well as chorion. Iron is needed the most in the third trimester. The existing hematological iron stageparameters can only detect iron deficiency in the latest stage. The aim of this study was to know the assessment validity of Ret-Heexamination as a new parameter to diagnose iron deficiency in pregnant women with anemia, as well as a screening tool for those interm pregnancy without anemia. The research design was cross sectional. The subjects were women in term pregnancy, gathered fromPKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Bantul Yogyakarta from May to November 2013. A seven (7) mL blood sample was taken from thecubital vein of the subjects. Two mL of the sample was tested for routine hematological examination using an EDTA tube, while theRet-He was assessed using an automatic hematological instrument Sysmex XT-2000-i (Symex Corporation, Kobe, Japan). The serumof the remaining five (5) mL was used to check the serum iron and TIBC to obtain the saturation value (Tsat) using Cobas analyzerC501 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany), while the serum ferritin (SF) was examined using Minividas. The subjects were classified into two(2) groups based on the Hb levels, namely: anemia (Hb<11 g/dL) and those who did not (Hbâ‰¥11 g/dL). Furthermore, they were alsoclassified into two (2) groups based on transferrin saturation values: iron deficient (Tsat <9%) and normal (Tsat â‰¥9%). From 291subjects, 59 (20.3%) were found to have anemia and 232 (79.7%) did not. The cut off value of Ret-He to diagnose iron deficiency inpregnant women with anemia was 29.8 pg (82% sensitivity and 72% specificity). Meanwhile, the cut-off value of Ret-He for irondeficiency screening in pregnant women without anemia was 29.8 pg, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 87% respectively.The Ret-He holds a good diagnostic validity to detect iron deficiency in pregnancy, with or without anemia.
RERATA VOLUME TROMBOSIT DAN AGGREGASI TROMBOSIT DI DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 (Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Aggregation in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2)
Authors: Nasution Malayana Rahmita , Aman Adi Koesoema , Lindarto Dharma
Published: October 2018

Diabetes mellitus patients often have hypercoagulable blood, as evidenced by the increased coagulation, impaired fibrinolysis,endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity. Hyperactive platelet is the major determinant of pro thrombotic state in DM. Byassessing the MPV and platelet aggregation, which is a marker of platelet activity, in patients with type 2 DM, it is expected to help theprediction of acute events. This research is aimed to know the differences of MPV and the aggregation of platelet between poor glycemiccontrol as well as good the control group in type 2 DM patients. This study was conducted in cross sectional method using 22 people withgood glycemic control and 28 people with poor one (glycemic control) from June to August 2013. Fasting blood samples were analyzedfor CBC, HbA1c, TG and platelet aggregation. MPV and platelet aggregation value were compared between groups using independentt-test. Based on this study, there is no significant difference in MPV and platelet aggregation between groups (p=0.598, p=0.464 (1 Î¼M),p=0.868 (2 Î¼M), p=0.984 (5 Î¼M), p=0.401 (10 Î¼M)). Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) correlate significantly with platelet aggregationat 1 Î¼M and 5Î¼M ADP concentration in good glycemic control group (r=0.591; p=0.004 at 1 Î¼M ADP and r=0.521; p=0.013 at 5 Î¼MADP). Mean platelet volume correlate significantly with the platelet aggregation at 2 Î¼M ADP and the concentration in poor glycemiccontrol group (r=0.405; p=0.033). There are no significant differences in MPV and platelet aggregation between groups, but there is asignificant correlation between them (MPV and platelet aggregation) in the good glycemic control of the type 2 DM group.
DIAGNOSIS TIROID (Diagnosis of Thyroid)
Authors: Kurniawan Liong Boy , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

Thyroid disease often causes unspecific or mild symptoms, so laboratory tests are needed to confirm the functional diagnosis of thethyroid disorder. The laboratory tests which are important to establish the diagnosis of thyroid disorder include: total and free thyroidhormones, its related (thyroid) hormone binding proteins and auto antibodies. The thyroid hormone tests are mostly measured withcompetitive or sandwich immunoassays and each method can be interfered by several factors. Some drugs may increase or decrease thethyroid functional tests and several factors such as: underlying diseases, age, pregnancy, occurrence of heterophil antibody and autoantibodies may also interfere the thyroid tests results. The interpretation of an unusual combination from thyroid stimulating hormonesuch as free thyroxin and tri-iodothyronine results needs confirmation of underlying condition for establishing the right diagnosis. Thisreview is aimed to evaluate several factors which may influence the thyroid tests and interpretation.
PERBEDAAN KOLAGEN IV DI KERUSAKAN HATI DAN INFEKSI HEPATITIS C PASIEN TALASEMIA DENGAN KELEBIHAN ZAT BESI (Diferrence of Collagen IV in Liver Damage and Hepatitis C Infection in Iron Overload Thalassemia Patients)
Authors: Indrasari Nuri Dyah , Timan Ina Susianti , Amalia Pustika
Published: October 2018

Thalassemia patients who receive repeated blood transfusions are at risk of iron overload and hepatitis C infection. Iron overload cancause iron deposit in many organs, including the liver. Iron deposits in the liver and hepatitis C infection can cause chronic inflammationof the liver and induce hepatic stellate cells to produce Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) causing liver fibrosis. Laboratory diagnosis of liverfibrosis is based on direct and indirect markers. Collagen IV is a direct marker reflecting ECM degradation in liver fibrosis. AlanineTransaminase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and AST/ALT ratio are indirect markers reflecting liver cell damage due to liverfibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of Collagen IV in liver damage and hepatitis C infection in thalassemiapatients with iron overload. Collagen IV was measured using ELISA, while ALT and AST were measured by enzymatic colorimetric assay.Fifty eight thalassemia patients with iron overload, 29 with hepatitis C and 29 without hepatitis C were studied. This study showed nosignificant difference in Collagen IV level, ALT, AST activity and AST/ALT ratio between subjects with and without hepatitis C(p 0.131,0.243, 0.256 and 0.726) and no significant correlation was found between collagen IV level and ALT activity, and between collagen IVand AST/ALT ratio (p 0.160 and 0.509). These findings indicate that Collagen IV showed no correlation with liver damage and hepatitisC infection in thalassemia patients with iron overload.
TURNAROUND TIME UJI COCOK SERASI DI PELAYANAN BANK DARAH (Turnaround Time Cross Match in the Blood Bank)
Authors: Nurtanio Glent , Muhiddin Rachmawati , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

Turnaround Time (TAT) is the time between the blood request form arriving at the blood bank and when it is issued by the bloodbank. Blood Bank RSWS standard on the TAT of Stat blood service is <45 minutes and is regularly <60 minutes. The aim of this researchwas to know the TAT of blood services at the Blood Bank of the Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. The research was carriedout by cross sectional study between August until November 2013. The data were divided into two (2) categories, which were Stat andregular blood service. The blood service was divided into three (3) service times, morning (08:00–14:00), afternoon (14:00–21:00) andevening (21:00–08:00). The statistical method used was Independent Samples T Test. There were 1.366 blood services consisting of 831Stat blood service with average TAT about 37.15 minutes (82.9% complied to standard) and 535 regular blood service with averageTAT about 45.73 minutes (96.1% complied to standard). There were significant differences between morning and afternoon (p=0.000)and between afternoon and evening Stat TAT (p=0.003), but there was no significant difference between morning and evening StatTAT (p=0.196). No significant difference was found in regular TAT between the morning and afternoon session (p=0.915), as well asnoon and evening (p=0.490); and morning and evening session (p=0.428). The TAT blood service at the Dr. Wahidin SudirohusodoHospital Blood Bank which was carried out by gel method should shorten the waiting time of Stat and regular blood service, but not upto 100% yet. Based on this study, the researchers recommended to do some regulation changes in the blood service system especiallyfor the morning and evening Stat sessions.
HEART FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN SEBAGAI PETANDA BIOLOGIS DIAGNOSIS SINDROM KORONER AKUT
Authors: Puspitawati Ira , Sudana I Nyoman G , Setyawati Setyawati , Sukorini Usi
Published: October 2018

Heart-Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (H-FABP) is a membrane-bound protein that facilitates transport of fatty acids from the blood intothe heart. It is a low molecular weight cytoplasmic protein. Because of its small size and location, it is released rapidly into the bloodfollowing myocardial damage. The H-FABP levels rise as early as between 1âˆ’3 hours after the onset of Acute Coronary Syndrome, thepeak situation between 6âˆ’-8 hours, and returns to normal within 24 hours. The purpose of this study was to know the cut-off value ofHeart Fatty Acid Binding Protein with a sensitivity of at least 90% in patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Dr. Sardjito HospitalYogyakarta. The researchers undertook a cross sectional evaluation of 75 consecutive patients admitted with acute chest pain suggestiveof acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The H-FABP was measured by using immunoturbidimetry assay methods. The receiver operatingcharacteristic (ROC) analysis was calculated for the cut off point, sensitivity and specificity estimation. A total of 75 patients (59 in theACS group and 16 in the control group) were included in this study, and the majority of the ACS group (64 [76.2%]) were male patientswith AMI, 20 (26.7%) had an ST-elevation myocardial infarction and the rest (21 [28%]) had a non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction.The optimized cut-off obtained for h-FABP was 15 ng/mL, showing a sensitivity and specificity of the H-FABP assay for detecting ACSas 98.31 (95% CI 90 to 100) and 93.75% (95% CI 86 to 99), respectively. The areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC)curves to distinguish ACS from non-ACS were 0.983 (95% CI: 0.927– 0.999) for H-FABP. The optimized cut-off obtained for H-FABPwas 15 ng/mL, showing a 98.31% sensitivity and 93.75% specificity for detecting ACS in the Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta.
CD4+ DAN CD8+ INTERFERON GAMMA TUBERKULOSIS PARU AKTIF DAN TUBERKULOSIS LATEN
Authors: Tambunan Betty Agustina , Wiwin John , Nugraha Jusak , Soedarsono Soedarsono
Published: October 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. Immune response through CD4+ T cells and CD8+T cells is needed to produce Interferongamma (IFN-Î³). IFN-gamma is a cytokine that can kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Not all individuals will lead to illness or activediseases. The aim of this study was to know the cellular immune response like IFN-gamma expression of T-CD4+ cells and CD8+ cellsbetween active TB with latent TB. The design of the study was cross sectional obervational in a population suffering from active andlatent TB. The subjects consisted of 11 (eleven) active TB patients and 10 (ten) latent TB patients from the Special Pulmonary Hospitaland the Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. The examination of interferon gamma expression of CD4+ and CD8+ was by Flowcytometrymethod. These results were analyzed by Student t test or Mann-Whitney test. The mean CD4+ percentage of active TB (28.75%) waslower than the latent one (TB) (33.21%) but no significant difference (P value=0.114) was shown. The mean CD8+ percentage ofactive TB (30.46%) was higher than the latent one (TB) (28.87%) but no significant difference (P value=0.481) was found. Themean CD4+IFN-Î³ percentage of active TB (2.51%) was higher than latent one (TB) (1.10%) and there was a significant difference(P value=0.014). The mean CD8+IFN-Î³ percentage of active TB (2.91%) was lower than latent one (TB) (4.41%) and there was asignificant difference (P value=0.006). Based on this study, it can be concluded that the mean CD4+IFN-Î³ percentage of active TB washigher than latent TB and there was a significant difference. The mean of CD8+IFN-Î³ percentage of latent TB was higher than the activeone (TB). This suggested that CD8+ has a dominant part in latent TB and may be caused by the role of other cytokines, or genetics,nutrition, and body mass index factors.
KADAR SURFACTANT PROTEIN-D SERUM PADA PASIEN PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKTIF KRONIS BERKEBAHAYAAN KAMBUHAN RENDAH DAN TINGGI
Authors: Nurhayati Dewi , Parwati Ida , Rostini Tiene , Yuwono Arto
Published: October 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The exacerbations in chronicobstructive pulmonary disease accelerate the decline in lung function and health status, as well as in increasing the treatment cost andmortality risk. The spiro metric measurement has several limitations in assessing the severity as well as the exacerbation risk in COPDpatients. Currently, has been available serum surfactant protein-D, a marker of lung inflammation and lung tissue damage. This proteinis produced by the alveolar type II cells and the Clara cells that play role in maintaining the lung stability and pulmonary immunesystem. The increased level of serum SPD indicates that there is lung epitihelial leakage in line with COPD severity increment and reflectedin COPD exacerbation level of risk according to combined COPD assessment GOLD criteria of the year 2011. The aim of this study wasto know the differences of SP-D serum levels between low and high risk of exacerbation in COPD patients by determination them. Thisstudy was conducted from March to July 2014. The subjects of this study were COPD patients diagnosed by spiro metric measurement.The research was conducted in comparative analytic way with a cross sectional study design. The statistical analysis was performedusing Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The subjects were 62 COPD patients. The SP-D serum level at low risk of exacerbation groupdiffer significantly compared to the high risk exacerbation group, 1.8–68.4 ng/mL and 3.36–116.4 ng/mL respectively (P=0.018).Based on this study it can be concluded that the SP-D serum levels were higher in COPD patients with high risk exacerbation than thelower risk one. The SP-D serum levels may be considered as a specific marker of lung tissue injury to assess the risk of the exacerbationin COPD patients.
ROLE OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION ERK1/2 ON THE PROLIFERATION OF ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL (EPC) OF PATIENTS WITH STABLE ANGINA PECTORIS INDUCED BY GROWTH FACTORS (Peran Transduksi Sinyal ERK1/2 terhadap Persiapan Proliferasi Endothelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) Pasien Angina Pektoris Stabil yang Diinduksi oleh Faktor Pertumbuhan)
Authors: Oktaviono Yudi Her , Sargowo Djanggan , Widodo Mohammad Aris , Dirgantara Yanni , Chouw Angliana , Sandra Ferry
Published: October 2018

Sel Progenitor Endotel (EPC) merupakan kelompok sel yang memiliki kekuatan angiogenik yang kemudian dikenal sebagai pilihanpengobatan seluler untuk mengimbas perbaikan lapisan intima pembuluh darah. Berdasarkan beberapa kajian sebelumnya, jumlahEPC di pasien angina pektoris stabil lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan individu yang sehat. Di samping itu, EPC juga dikenal sebagaiperamal independen terhadap perjalanan penyakit jantung koroner. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran transduksiisyarat ERK1/2 terhadap proliferasi EPC yang diambil dari darah tepi pasien angina pektoris stabil dengan imbasan pemberian faktorpertumbuhan. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian percobaan melalui uji laboratoris dengan pendekatan atau rancangan control grouptime series design. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Prodia Stem Cell Indonesia di Jakarta pada bulan Januari 2014. Sampeldarah tepi diambil dari delapan (8) subjek relawan pasien angina pektoris stabil yang memenuhi patokan kesertaan dan sebagaipembanding digunakan delapan (8) unit darah tepi yang diambil dari orang yang bukan pasien angina pektoris. Metode sel mononuklear(MNC) dari delapan (8) pasien angina pektoris stabil diisolasi selama satu (1) atau tiga (3) hari di medium tertentu dengan atautanpa penambahan suplemen. EPC yang dihasilkan dan dicat dengan metode pengecatan imunofluoresens untuk mendeteksi CD34,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) dan CD133. Pemeriksaan proliferasi sel XTT digunakan untuk menilaipertumbuhan EPC setelah kultur antara 1âˆ’3 hari, sedangkan perhitungan Colony Forming Unit (CFU) digunakan untuk menilai fungsiEPC kelompok yang terbentuk setelah dikultur antara 1âˆ’3 hari. Analisis western blot dilakukan untuk mendeteksi aktifasi ERK1/2.Hasil mengecat imunofluoresens mengukuhkan seluruh petanda membran EPC termasuk CD34, VEGR2 dan CD133. Jumlah rerata EPCyang berdaya hidup di pasien angina pektoris stabil lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pembandingnya, yaitu masing-masing 5,77í—103dan 23,40í—103. Jumlah EPC baik kelompok pasien angina pektoris stabil dan yang pembanding meningkat secara bermakna denganperangsangan faktor pertumbuhan. Hasil western blot menunjukkan bahwa ERK1 diekspresikan lebih tinggi pasien angina pektoris stabildibandingkan pembanding. Fosforilasi ERK2 terdeteksi di kelompok pembanding dan menguat secara bermakna seiring waktu denganperangsangan faktor pertumbuhan. Fosforilasi ini dihambat oleh U0126. Di pasien angina pektoris stabil, fosforilasi ERK2 terdeteksipada perangsangan faktor pertumbuhan setelah kultur selama tiga (3) hari.
NEOPTERIN AND CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTES IN STAGE I HIV INFECTION (Neopterin dan Limfosit T-CD4+ di Infeksi HIV Stadium I)
Authors: Harianah Harianah , Retnowati Endang , Triyono Erwin Astha
Published: October 2018

Aktivasi sistem imun memegang peran yang sangat penting di infeksi HIV. Hal ini dapat diketahui dengan salah satu pengukuranneopterin dalam cairan tubuh manusia sebagai pemeriksaan untuk pemantauan aktivitas imun seluler, yang dapat dikerjakan denganmudah dan peka. Neopterin merupakan hasil katabolik guanosine triphosphate (GTP), yaitu nukleotida purin tertentu, yang memilikigolongan kimiawi yang dikenal sebagai pteridin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan kenasaban antara kadarneopterin dan jumlah limfosit T-CD4+ darah di pasien HIV. Penelitian bersifat analitik pengamatan dengan rancangan potong lintang.Sampel terdiri dari 32 pasien yang terinfeksi HIV stadium I yang datang di Unit Perawatan Intermediit Penyakit Infeksi RSUD Dr.Soetomo Surabaya antara bulan Juliâˆ’September 2014. Pemeriksaan neopterin dengan metode ELISA dan memeriksa jumlah limfositT-CD4+ menggunakan metode flowcytometry (BD FACSCaliburTM). Hasil menganalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji kenasaban dariPearson dan dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi. Kadar neopterin penderita yang terinfeksi HIV cenderung meningkat dengan rerata 14,74nmol/L sedangkan jumlah limfosit T-CD4+ menurun dengan rerata 231,81 sel/Î¼L. Keberadaan kenasaban negatif antara neopterindan limfosit T-CD4+ darah di infeksi HIV stadium I. Penurunan limfosit T-CD4+ disertai peningkatan kadar neopterin di pasien yangterinfeksi HIV stadium I.
VIROLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS (Respons Virologis dan Imunologis terhadap Pengobatan Anti-Retroviral di Pasien Terinfeksi HIV)
Authors: Intansari Umi S. , Dewi Yunika Puspa , Juffrie Mohammad , Soesatyo Marsetyawan HNE , Subronto Yanri W , Mulyono Budi
Published: October 2018

Infeksi HIV/AIDS masih menjadi tantangan global. Pengobatan antiretroviral (ART) berperan dalam menurunkan replikasi virus,menurunkan tingkat kematian infeksi oportunistik dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup orang yang hidup dengan HIV/AIDS. Meskipundemikian data terkait respons virologis dan imunologis termasuk aktivasi imun masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui respons virologis dan imunologis pasien HIV setelah 6 bulan memulai pengobatan ARV. Subjek dari penelitian observasionalprospektif ini adalah 44 pasien HIV yang belum pernah mendapat pengobatan ARV, yang berobat di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta danRSUP Dr. Kariadi, Semarang. Sampel darah EDTA sebanyak 6 mL diambil pra dan pasca 6 bulan pengobatan ARV untuk pemeriksaanjumlah sel T CD4+, kadar RNA HIV dan persentase sel T CD8+/38+. Kadar RNA HIV turun secara bermakna sejalan dengan persentasesel T CD8+/38+, sementara jumlah sel T CD4+ meningkat bermakna. Sebanyak 79,5% pasien mengalami pemulihan sel T CD4 optimal(>50 sel/Î¼L) dan kadar RNA HIV turun lebih dari 1 log10 kopi/mL pada 93% pasien. Pasien dengan respons tidak sesuai antara virologisdan imunologis didapatkan sebanyak 13,6%. Kadar HIV bernasab positif dengan persentase sel T CD8+/38+ (r=0,58, p<0,0001) danbernasab negatif dengan jumlah sel T CD4+ (r=–0,470 (p<0,0001). Berdasarkan telitian ini, sebagian besar pasien mempunyai responsvirologis dan imunonologis yang sesuai 6 bulan setelah ART. Sebanyak 20,45% pasien tidak berespons atau mengalami ketidaksesuaianrespons virologis dan imunologis dan memerlukan penilaian dan pengobatan secara terus menerus.
PATTERN OF BACTERIA AND ITS ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY IN SEPSIS PATIENTS (Pola Kuman dan Kepekaan terhadap Antibiotik bagi Pasien Sepsis)
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni , Nurahmi Nurahmi , Rusli Benny
Published: October 2018

Sepsis merupakan masalah serius karena berkebahayaan kematian yang tinggi. Penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis telah menjaditata langkah baku untuk penanganan sepsis, tetapi jika pola kuman dan kepekaan antibiotik tidak diketahui, maka akan memperbesarkemungkinan resistensi kuman terjadi yang selanjutnya akan menyebabkan peningkatan angka infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuanmengetahui pola kuman dan kepekaannya terhadap antibiotik di pasien sepsis di RS Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar masa waktuJanuari 2009–Desember 2010. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observational dengan desain potong lintang. Data penelitiandiambil dari hasil kultur dan kepekaan terhadap antibiotik yang tertulis di rekam medis pasien sepsis di RS Dr. Wahidin SudirohusodoMakassar masa waktu Januari 2009–Desember 2010. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode statistiksebaran kekerapan. Telitian menunjukkan umur pasien sepsis terbanyak adalah di atas 40 tahun. Infeksi lebih banyak disebabkan olehbakteri negatif Gram (90,48%). Urutan kuman terbanyak adalah Alkaligenes faecalis (30,16%), Escherichia coli (12,70%), Acinetobactercalcoaceticus (12,70%) dan Staphylococcus aureus (7,94%). Uji kepekaan terhadap 39 jenis antimikroba, terdapat 12 antimikroba yangmemperlihatkan presentase resistensi yang tinggi (75% ke atas). Antimikroba yang paling peka yaitu Nitrofurantoin (83,33%). Dapatdisimpulkan bahwa bakteri yang terbanyak ditemukan di sepsis adalah Alkaligenes faecalis, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter calcoaciticusdan Staphylococcus aureus. Antimikroba yang masih peka adalah Nitrofurantoin. Disarankan untuk dilakukan penelitian pola kumandan kepekaan terhadap antibiotik secara berkala.
THE ANALYSIS OF CALCIUM LEVEL IN STORED PACKED RED CELLS
Authors: Jamal Suryani , Muhiddin Rachmawati , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui; pengaruh penyimpanan terhadap kadar kalsium pada darah simpan Packed Red Cells (PRC);menentukan kadar kalsium pada hari ke-7, hari ke-21 dan hari ke-35 dan membandingkan kadar kalsium hari ke-7 dan hari ke-21,hari ke-7 dan hari ke-35, hari ke-21 dan hari ke-35. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Bank Darah dan Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUPDr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang.Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di semua darah simpan Packed Red Cells (PRC) yang disalurkan di Bank Darah RSUP Dr. WahidinSudirohusodo. Data dianalisis dengan uji statistik Repeated Anova Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaanbermakna kadar kalsium darah simpan PRC akibat pengaruh penyimpanan pada hari ke-7 dan hari ke-21, pada hari ke-7 dan harike-35 serta hari ke-21 dan hari ke-35. Penurunan kadar kalsium terjadi karena eritrosit sudah mulai terjadi lisis.
MACROPHAGE AUTOPHAGY IN IMMUNE RESPONSE
Authors: Nugraha Jusak
Published: October 2018

Otofagi adalah mekanisme yang digunakan oleh sel untuk menyerap, membuang dan mendaur ulang sampah. Makrofag dapatberfungsi untuk menangkap, mengonsumsi dan mencerna antigen eksogen, keseluruhan mikroorganisme, partikel yang tidak larut danbahan endogen misalnya: sel inang yang sekarat atau rusak yang dipajankan oleh limfosit. Saat ini makrofag dapat dibagi menjadi duajenis aktivasi: Aktivasi klasik (M1); Aktivasi alternatif (M2) yang memiliki efek berbeda. Aktivitas M1 meningkatkan respons Th1 misalmenyebabkan peradangan, pembunuhan patogen intraselular, DTH (tipe hipersensitivitas tertunda) dan kerusakan jaringan. AktivitasM2 menyebabkan peningkatan respons Th2 sebagai imunomodulator, deposisi matriks dan remodeling jaringan. Peran makrofagpada infeksi M.tuberculosis akan menentukan kondisi inang. Jika makrofag dapat melakukan fungsi fagositosis M.tuberculosis akandimusnahkan dan inang tidak terinfeksi. Mycobacterium TB yang patogen dapat dengan mudah menghindari fagositosis dan berhasilmenghambat otofagi makrofag. Peningkatan otofagi akan meningkatkan efikasi BCG maupun vaksin lainnya dan dengan menggunakanpendekatan merangsang otofagi untuk membasmi TB sangat berguna sehingga pengobatan berbasis otofagi untuk TB dapat segeradiwujudkan.
PLATELET INDEXES FOR BACTERIAL SEPSIS SEVERITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Djuang Michelle Hendriani , Ginting Fransiscus , Hariman Herman
Published: October 2018

Sepsis is an infection-induced syndrome, mostly caused by bacteria, of organ dysfunctions caused by host response dysregulations. One of the simplest sepsis-indicator is platelet. This study aimed to determine whether platelet indexes i.e. Immature Platelet Fraction (IPF), platelet count, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), plateletcrit (Pct), and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), could assess sepsis severity by procalcitonin (PCT). This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Clinical Pathology Adam Malik Hospital Medan from October to December 2016. Patients who had their full blood count examined with increased PCT â‰¥0.05 ng/mL were included. Sixty four of 71 patients with increased PCT were included in this study and separated into 3 groups based on their PCT levels (I = â‰¥0.05 – <2 ng/mL; II = â‰¥2 - <10 ng/mL; III = â‰¥10 ng/mL). Platelet count and plateletcrit showed a significant decrease when group I or II were compared to group III (p <0.05), but when the group I was compared to the group II there was no significance. On the other hand, the other platelet indexes showed no significance amongst the groups. Higher sepsis severity based on PCT affected more of the platelet number, as the result of platelet destructions caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines and endotoxins.
Synthesis and characterization of Ag-chalcogenide nanoparticles for possible applications in photovoltaics
Authors: Chand Subhash , Sharma Pankaj
Published: October 2018

Bottom-up technique has been used to synthesize Ag-chalcogenide nanoparticles. This work reports on the synthesis of Ag2Se by varying the molar ratio of capping agent and pH of the solution. The synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized in terms of structural parameters using X-ray diffraction. By this technique, various parameters such as crystallite size, dislocation density and strain of the nanoparticles were calculated. The crystallite size decreased with the increase in pH of the solution. The optical characterization was carried out by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. With the decrease in the crystallite size, a blue shift in the absorption peak of the nanoparticles was observed. These properties are suitable for energy harvesting with the help of photovoltaics.
Comparative analysis on microhardness and third order nonlinear optical traits of pure and Nd3+ doped zinc tris-thiourea sulphate (ZTS) crystal
Authors: Anis Mohd , Muley G.G. , Shkir Mohd , Alfaify S. , Ghramh H.A.
Published: October 2018

Present investigation is aimed to explore the single crystal growth, microhardness and third order nonlinear optical (TONLO) properties of Nd3+ doped zinc tris-thiourea sulphate (ZTS) crystal. The commercial slow solvent evaporation technique has been chosen to grow a good quality ZTS (12 mm × 0.5 mm × 0.3 mm) and Nd3+ doped ZTS (11 mm × 0.6 mm × 0.4 mm) single crystals. Vickers microhardness test has been employed to analyze the influence of Nd3+ dopant on the hardness behavior of ZTS single crystal. The TONLO effects occurring in Nd3+ doped ZTS single crystal have been evaluated by means of Z-scan technique using a He–Ne laser operating at 632.8 nm. The close and open aperture Z-scan configuration have been used to determine the nature of TONLO refraction n2 and absorption β, respectively. The magnitudes of vital TONLO parameters, such as refraction n2, absorption coefficient β, figure of merit and susceptibility χ3 of the Nd3+ doped ZTS single crystal, have been determined using Z-scan transmittance data. The n2, β, and χ3 of Nd3+ doped ZTS single crystal were found to be of the order of 10−10 cm2/W, 10−6cm/W and 10−5 esu, respectively.
KRONİK LENFOSİTİK LÖSEMİ’DE TANI ANINDA HİPOGAMMAGLOBULİNEMİ SAĞKALIM VE ENFEKSİYON RİSKİ ÜZERİNDE ETKİLİ MİDİR?
Authors: ATİLLA Erden , ÖZEL Fulya , ATACA ATİLLA Pınar , TOPÇUOĞLU Pervin , AKAN Hamdi , BEKSAÇ Meral , İLHAN Osman , ÖZCAN Muhit , ARSLAN Önder , GÜRMAN Günhan , TOPRAK Selami Koçak
Published: October 2018

Amaç:
Kronik Lenfositik Lösemi (KLL) en sık görülen lösemi alt tipidir. KLL’de en
önemli mortalite ve morbidite nedenlerinden biri enfeksiyonlardır.
Hipogammaglobulinemi, enfeksiyon riskini arttıran durumlar arasındadır. Bu
çalışmada, merkezimizde KLL tanısı alan ve tanı anında hipogammaglobulinemisi
tespit edilen hastaların enfeksiyon gelişimi ve sağkalım verileriyle
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem:
Bu çalışmaya 2000-2014 yılları arasında Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
Hematoloji Bilim Dalında KLL tanısı almış 75 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların
özellikleri, geçirdikleri enfeksiyonlar, tedavileri ve sağkalım bilgilerine
geriye dönük olarak hasta dosyalarından ulaşılmıştır. Kategorik veriler,
Ki-kare testiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. p<0.05 değeri anlamlı kabul
edilmiştir. Genel sağkalım, Kaplan-Meier metoduyla belirlenmiştir.Bulgular:
Tanı anında 75 hastanın ortanca yaşı 59’dur (aralık: 32-85). En az 1 immunoglobulin
alt tipi düzeyinde düşüklük 32 hastada (%43) tespit edilmiştir. Herhangi bir
immunoglobulin düzeyinde düşüklük saptanan hastaların yaş ortalaması,
hipogamaglobulinemi saptanmayanlardan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksektir
(62 ile 57, p=0.03). Tanı anından itibaren birinci yılda orta-ağır enfeksiyon
geçiren 26 hasta (%35) mevcuttur. En az 1 immunoglobulin alt tipi düzeyinde
düşüklük tespit edilen hastaların orta-ağır enfeksiyon riskinde
hipogamaglobulinemisi olmayan hastalara göre anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır
(10 (%38) ile 16 (%62), p=0.63). 5 yıllık genel sağkalım, normal ve düşük
immunoglobulin olan hastalarda sırasıyla %93 ve %83’tür (p=0.15)

Sonuç:
KLL’de tanı anında herhangi bir immunoglobulin düzeyinde düşüklük tespit edilen
hastalarda enfeksiyon riski açısından anlamlı bir artış gözlenmemiştir. Genel
sağkalım immunoglobulin düzeyleri normal olan hastalarla benzerdir.
Comparison between high-flow nasal oxygen cannula and conventional oxygen therapy after extubation in pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Akyıldız Başak , Öztürk Sedat , Ülgen-Tekerek Nazan , Doğanay Selim , Görkem Süreyya Burcu
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency, safety, and outcomes of the high-flow nasal oxygen cannula (HFNC) and conventional oxygen therapy (COT) after extubation in children. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a 13 bed pediatric intensive care unit. One-hundred children who underwent extubation were eligible for the study. Patients were divided into HFNC (n=50) and COT (n=50) groups. Basal variables including heart rate (HR), noninvasive blood pressure, respiratory rate (RR), SpO 2 , SpO 2 /FiO 2 (SF) ratio, and end tidal CO 2 (EtCO 2 ) were obtained initially and recorded at 15, 30, and 45 minutes and at 1, 6, 12 hours, 24 and 48 hours after extubation. SF ratio and SpO 2 increased during the first hour in the HFNC group (p=0.005 and p=0.03, respectively). HR and RR decreased during follow-up in the HFNC group (p=0.001 and p=0.048, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference for PCO 2 after extubation between the two groups. PCO 2 (p=0.008) and EtCO2 (p=0.018) values at 24-h were different between two groups. At follow-up, HR decreased only in the HFNC group (p=0.001) and was different at 12 and 48 hours (p=0.047 and p=0.01, respectively). Initial modified radiologic atelectasis scores (m-RAS) were higher for the HFNC group and decreased steadily (p=0.001). Extubation failure rates were 4% and 22% for the HFNC and COT groups, respectively (p=0.007). In conclusion, HFNC is better than COT, especially for the restoration of the respiratory and radiologic parameters. Although more expensive, the use of HFNC may have more advantages to reduce the risk of extubation failure in critically ill children compared with COT.
Association of dysglycemia with mortality in children receiving parenteral nutrition in pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Khajavi Leila , Khademi Gholamreza , Mehramiz Mehraneh , Norouzy Abdolreza , Safarian Mohammad
Published: October 2018

One of the most important complications of parenteral nutrition (PN) is a high incidence of hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of parenteral nutrition dysglycemia on clinical outcomes among critically ill children in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Charts of 201 critically ill children admitted in PICU during 2012-2015 were reviewed retrospectively. We included patients who were < 6 years of age and had received at least 60% of total energy from PN for a minimum of 5 days in PICU. The exclusion criteria were patients with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, primary hypoglycemia, inborn errors of metabolism and patients who received dialyses. We defined hyperglycemia as blood glucose ≥150 mg/dl, and hypoglycemia as blood glucose ≤60 mg/dl. Based on blood glucose, patients were divided into four groups: `only hyperglycemia group` (having at least one hyperglycemia episode), `only hypoglycemia group` (having at least one hypoglycemia episode), `glucose variability` (having both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia episodes), and `normoglycemia` (all glucose measurements were in normal range). Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia occurred in 52.8% and 24.9% of all children, respectively; glucose variability occurred in 13.9% of all children. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that glucose variability (OR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.13-8.43) and hyperglycemia (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.1-4.57) were associated with mortality independently. In `only hypoglycemia` group (N=22) there were only three deaths. There were no significant differences in the quantities of macronutrients prescribed via parenteral nutrition among the four blood glucose groups. Results of this study showed that hyperglycemia and glucose variability are strong predictors of mortality in pediatrics receiving parenteral nutrition.
Evaluation of Restless Legs syndrome and growing pains in children with familial Mediterranean f
Authors: Altuğ-Gücenmez Özge , Makay Balahan , Kaçar Ayla , Ünsal Erbil
Published: October 2018

Growing pains (GP) and restless leg syndrome (RLS) are one of the frequently seen pain syndromes of childhood. These two pain syndromes -GP and RLS- may be confused with exertional leg pain (ELP) of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of fulfilling the criterion for GP and RLS among children with FMF. Sixty FMF patients and 70 healthy controls were enrolled. Clinical and demographic data of patients were recorded. A questionnaire including the symptoms of GP and RLS were applied to all participants and their parents. Twenty-seven patients (45%) had ELP. Ten FMF patients and 10 healthy children fulfilled GP criteria. There was not a significant difference between patients and controls regarding GP. Three FMF patients and 7 healthy controls fulfilled RLS criteria. There was not a significant difference between two groups regarding RLS. Two out of 27 FMF patients with ELP had RLS while one out of 33 FMF patients without ELP had RLS. Eight out of 27 FMF patients with ELP fulfilled GP criteria while two out of 33 FMF patients without ELP fulfilled GP criteria (p=0.01). There was a significant inverse correlation with FMF severity score and GP (p=0.003 and r=-0.376). There was not a significant association with FMF severity score and RLS. This study suggested that GP and RLS are not more common in pediatric FMF patients than their healthy peers.
Percutaneous retrieval of umbilical vein catheter fragment in an infant two months after embolization
Authors: Akın Alper , Bilici Meki , Demir Fikri , Yılmazer Murat Muhtar , İpek Mehmet Şah , Kara Hülya
Published: October 2018

Umbilical vein catheterization is frequently preferred and a safe route of venous access especially in newborns. However, some cases with breaking and embolization of those catheters have been rarely reported. Herein we present a two-and-a-half-month-old infant being catheterized within first postnatal week and diagnosed to have embolization of the catheter fragment to conjunction of hepatic vein and right atrium. Percutaneous withdrawal of broken catheter was achieved despite several months after the embolization took place. We suggest that transcatheter removal of catheter fragment embolizations may be safe even in late diagnosis cases.
Pulmonary artery sling anomaly presenting with unilateral lung hyperinflation: A case r
Authors: Şahin Hilal , Pekçevik Yeliz
Published: October 2018

Left pulmonary artery sling is a rare congenital pulmonary artery anomaly which presents with tracheal compression due to vascular ring formation. Rarely, patients may present with hyperinflation or collapse of a lung unilaterally.We present a one-month-old infant with dyspnea who had a hyperinflated left lung and collapsed right lung. Computed tomography (CT) angiography demonstrated pulmonary sling causing compression of proximal parts of right and left main bronchi. This case highlights the importance of three-dimensional CT angiography in evaluation of thoracic vascular anomalies associated with tracheobronchial pathologies.
Produksi β-Glukosidase Aspergillus niger BIO 2173 dengan Fermentasi Padat Menggunakan Substrat Dedak
Authors: Sugiwati Sri , Suhartono Maggy Thenawidjaja , Hanafi Muhammad , Lioe Hanifah Nuryani
Published: October 2018

Production of β-Glucosidase Aspergillus niger BIO 2173 on Solid State Fermentation Using Rice Bran as SubstrateAbstractβ-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) is a part of the cellulase enzyme complex which acts synergistically with exoglucanase and endoglucanase to hydrolyze cellulose into glucose. The purpose of this study was to obtain the maximum fermentation conditions for production of b-glucosidase Aspergillus niger BIO 2173 with solid state fermentation using rice bran as fermentation substrate. The factors that affect the production of b-glucosidase which consist of initial pH of the fermentation medium, incubation period, ratio of water content to fermentation substrate, incubation temperature and addition of the Mandel’s mineral salts solution were examined in the study. The results showed that maximum fermentation conditions for β-glucosidase production were at initial of fermentation pH of 2,0, incubation period of 7 days, ratio of water content to substrate of 1:1, and incubation temperature of 32oC. Addition of Mandel’s mineral salts solution to the fermentation substrate at maximum fermentation conditions increased the activity and specific activity of β-glucosidase crude extract up to 5,24 ± 0,57 U/mL and 2,46 ± 0,04 U/mg, respectively.Abstrakβ-Glukosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) merupakan bagian dari enzim multi kompleks selulase, yang bekerja secara sinergis dengan eksoglukanase dan endoglukanase menghidrolisis selulosa menjadi glukosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kondisi fermentasi maksimum untuk produksi β-glukosidaseAspergillus niger BIO 2173 dengan fermentasi media padat menggunakan substrat dedak. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi b-glukosidase, yaitu pH awal medium fermentasi, waktu inkubasi, perbandingan kandungan air terhadap substrat medium fermentasi, suhu inkubasi dan penambahan larutan garam mineral Mandels. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi fermentasi maksimum untuk produksi b-glukosidase adalah pada pH awal medium fermentasi 2,0; waktu inkubasi 7 hari, perbandingan kandungan air terhadap substrat medium fermentasi 1:1, dan suhu inkubasi 32oC. Penambahan larutan garam mineral Mandels ke dalam substrat fermentasi pada kondisi fermentasi maksimum menyebabkan peningkatan aktivitas dan aktivitas spesifk ekstrak kasar b-glukosidase masing-masing sebesar 5,24 ± 0,57 U/mL dan 2,46 ± 0,04 U/mg protein. Kata kunci: β-glukosidase, Aspergillus niger, dedak padi, fermentasi padat, ekstrak kasar
Qualitative and quantitative composition of phytoplankton in the Golden Horn Bay, Japan Sea
Authors: Stonik I. V.
Published: October 2018

Qualitative and quantitative composition of phytoplankton in the Golden Horn Bay (Japan Sea) was investigated in the period from October 2009 to October 2010. The water samples of 1 L volume were taken with Molchanov bottle at the 36th Berth where ship-repairing yards were located and naval and commercial ships were moored. The samples were fixed in Utermӧhl iodine solution and phytoplankton cells were concentrated by precipitation or by reverse fil­tration, then the concentrated samples were processed under microscope. In total, 135 species and intraspecific taxa of microalgae were detected, which belonged to 7 divisions. Average density of phytoplankton cells varied from 1.9 . 103 to 610.3 . 103 cells/L, its average biomass varied from 0.02 to 11.70 g/m3. Four peaks of the phytoplankton cells density were registered: in summer, spring, winter and fall (in descending order), with the highest density in June, but only one peak of the phytoplankton biomass was observed in February. The highest density (up to 1 . 106 cells/L) was formed by euglenophytes that was similar to the neighboring Amur Bay and obviously indicated organic pollution of the Golden Horn Bay waters. Comparing with results of previous observations in the 1990s and 2000s, the species diversity of dominant diatoms and euglenophytes has increased recently. These species are known as indicators of eutrophic waters and/or organic pollution.