bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting Kashmir as an Abode of Peace Tourism Destination by India and Pakistan
Authors: Medhekar Anita , Haq Farooq
Published: November 2018

The aim of this chapter is to propose peace as a value education. It identifies challenges and opportunities for building peace infrastructure and marketing Kashmir as a peace-brand tourism destination for peaceful coexistence. It contributes to the theory of tourism and peace studies with 18 dimensions for promoting peace, with an objective of disarmament for economic development, social transformation, and prosperity of millions in India and Pakistan.
Optimal Booster Station Design and Operation under Uncertain Load
Authors: Sun Hui , Altherr Lena C. , Pei Ji , Pelz Peter F. , Yuan Shou Qi
Published: November 2018

Given industrial applications, the costs for the operation and maintenance of a pump system typically far exceed its purchase price. For finding an optimal pump configuration which minimizes not only investment, but life-cycle costs, methods like Technical Operations Research which is based on Mixed-Integer Programming can be applied. However, during the planning phase, the designer is often faced with uncertain input data, e.g. future load demands can only be estimated. In this work, we deal with this uncertainty by developing a chance-constrained two-stage (CCTS) stochastic program. The design and operation of a booster station working under uncertain load demand are optimized to minimize total cost including purchase price, operation cost incurred by energy consumption and penalty cost resulting from water shortage. We find optimized system layouts using a sample average approximation (SAA) algorithm, and analyze the results for different risk levels of water shortage. By adjusting the risk level, the costs and performance range of the system can be balanced, and thus the system's resilience can be engineered.
Optimal Placement of Active Bars for Buckling Control in Truss Structures under Bar Failures
Authors: Gally Tristan , Kuttich Anja , Pfetsch Marc E. , Schaeffner Maximilian , Ulbrich Stefan
Published: November 2018

Buckling of slender bars subject to axial compressive loads represents a critical design constraint for light-weight truss structures. Active buckling control by actuators provides a possibility to increase the maximum bearable axial load of individual bars and, thus, to stabilize the truss structure.For reasons of cost, it is in general not economically viable to use such actuators in each bar of the truss structure. Hence, it is an important practical question where to place these active bars. Optimized structures, especially when coupled with active elements to further decrease the number of necessary bars, however, lead to designs, which, while cost-efficient, are especially prone to bardamages, caused, e.g., by material failures. Therefore, this paper presents a mathematical optimization approach to optimally place active bars for buckling control in a way that secures both buckling and general stability constraints even after failure of any combination of a certain number of bars. This allows us to increase the resilience of the system and guarantee stable behavior even in case of failures.
Sparse Gaussian Process Emulators for Surrogate Design Modelling
Authors: Gardner Paul , Rogers Timothy J. , Lord Charles , Barthorpe Rob J.
Published: November 2018

Efficient surrogate modelling of computer models (herein defined as simulators) becomes of increasing importance as more complex simulators and non-deterministic methods, such as Monte Carlo simulations, are utilised. This is especially true in large multidimensional design spaces. In order for these technologies to be feasible in an early design stage context, the surrogate model (oremulator) must create an accurate prediction of the simulator in the proposed design space. Gaussian Processes (GPs) are a powerful non-parametric Bayesian approach that can be used as emulators. The probabilistic framework means that predictive distributions are inferred, providing an understanding of the uncertainty introduced by replacing the simulator with an emulator, known as code uncertainty. An issue with GPs is that they have a computational complexity of O(N3) (where N is the number of data points), which can be reduced to O(NM2) by using various sparse approximations, calculated from a subset of inducing points (where M is the number of inducing points). This paper explores the use of sparse Gaussian process emulators as a computationally efficient method for creating surrogate models of structural dynamics simulators. Discussions on the performance of these methods are presented along with comments regarding key applications to the early design stage.
Quantification of Uncertainty in the Mathematical Modelling of a Multivariable Suspension Strut Using Bayesian Interval Hypothesis-Based Approach
Authors: Mallapur Shashidhar , Platz Roland
Published: November 2018

Mathematical models of a suspension strut such as an aircraft landing gear are utilized by engineers in order to predict its dynamic response under different boundary conditions. The prediction of the dynamic response, for example the external loads, the stress and the strength as well as the maximum compression in the spring-damper component aids engineers in early decision making to ensure its structural reliability under various operational conditions. However, the prediction of the dynamic response is influenced by model uncertainty. As far as the model uncertainty is concerned, the prediction of the dynamic behavior via different mathematical models depends upon various factors such as the model's complexity in terms of the degrees of freedom, material and geometrical assumptions, their boundary conditions and the governing functional relations between the model input and output parameters. The latter can be linear or nonlinear, axiomatic or empiric, time variant or time-invariant. Hence, the uncertainty that arises in the prediction of the dynamic response of the resulting different mathematical models needs to be quantified with suitable validation metrics, especially when the system is under structural risk and failure assessment. In this contribution, the authors utilize the Bayesian interval hypothesis-based method to quantify the uncertainty in the mathematical models of the suspension strut.
Transfer Die Technology Application for Efficiency Auto Part Production
Authors: Kumjing Sanya
Published: November 2018

Transfer die technology application for efficiency auto part production analysis of feedermechanism and efficiency of highly precision die design of transfer dies were applied by the feedermechanism system and work feed by pneumatic suction feed mechanism for transfer the workpieceto next station. This workpiece is panel sill and it’s a galvanized grade JAC 270C-35 and 1.4 mm ofthickness. After experimented with a finite element, it was found that the work piece able tostamping without causing damage to the workpiece. Then it’s taken into the die design processfollow by step. Therefore, participation start to create a die as highly precisions progressive die andexamined by stamping workpiece according to the customer requirement. It had found out thatwhen we first’s try out the result are similar valid to the design by made tiny adjustment over thedie. The inspection results of workpiece, according to the drawing design. Obviously, the size andborder of workpiece inspection was acceptable and in order to the result. It able conclude out. As aresult, the company can reduce time, reduce cost and mitigate the risk of error in the actual seriesproduction dies.
Numerical Analysis of Mix Proportion of Self-Compacting Concrete Compared to Ordinary Concrete
Authors: Zhao Ming Lei , Ding Xin Xin , Li Jie , Law David W.
Published: November 2018

Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) is developed traditionally from ordinary concreteadmixed with randomly distributed steel fibers. The matrix of SFRC is always formed by adjustingthe mix proportion used for the ordinary concrete, which plays the role of controlling the properties ofSFRC. In this paper, the mix proportion of self-compacting concrete (SCC) compared with vibrationcompacted concrete (VCC) is statistically analyzed. A predictive formula for water-binder ratio isproposed in relation to the designed compressive strength of SCC and the cement strength affected bymineral admixtures. It is expected to provide reference for the mix proportion design for flowing andhigh-flowing SFRC.
Influence of Deep Rolling Process Parameters on Surface Residual Stress of AA7075-T651 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welded Joint
Authors: Baisukhan Adirek , Nakkiew Wasawat
Published: November 2018

Friction stir welding is most commonly used for joining aluminum alloy parts. After welding, residual stresses occurred in the welded joint caused by non-uniform cooling rate. Friction stir welding usually generates tensile residual stress inside the workpiece which affects the strength in addition to the fatigue life of materials. Compressive residual stress usually is beneficial and it can be introduced by mechanical surface treatment methods such as deep rolling, shot peening, laser shock peening, etc. In this research, deep rolling was used for inducing compressive residual stress on surface of friction stir welded joint. The residual stresses values were obtained from X-ray diffraction machine. Influence of three deep rolling process parameters: rolling pressure, rolling speed and rolling offset on surface residual stresses at the welded joint were investigated. Each factor had 2 levels (23 full factorial design). The statistical analysis result showed that the rolling pressure, rolling speed, rolling offset, interaction between rolling pressure and rolling speed, interaction between rolling speed and rolling offset were statistically significant factors, with the most compressive residual stress value approximately -391.6 MPa. The appropriated deep rolling process parameters on surface residual stress of AA7075-T651 aluminum alloy friction stir welded joint were 1) rolling pressure about 150 bar 2) rolling speed about 1,400 mm/min 3) rolling offset about 0.1 mm.
Design and Manufacturing of Nasal Conformer
Authors: Joshi Kaushal , Joshi Dhara , Gurrala Pavan Kumar , Amlani Girish
Published: November 2018

Cleft lip occurs due to incomplete joining of the tissue that forms the upper lip resulting in an opening in the upper lip. This opening is in the form of a slit and is large extending up to the nose. Many methods have been suggested in repairing the cleft lip. As a part of post-surgical treatment, the nasal deformity has been an issue. Nasal conformer is a post-surgical aid that helps the patients to keep their nasal deformity in control. The present work aims in design and manufacturing of this nasal conformer for the much needy poor patients. Computer Aided Design (CAD) techniques are used to model the nasal conformer by taking the dimensions of the various aged group people ranging from 6 months to 16 years old. Based on that, 5 such sizes have been arrived. These CAD models have been manufactured using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique to prepare the final pattern for molding process. Once the molds for the nasal conformer have been created, the final parts have been casted using Silicone material. The final casted nasal conformers are being proposed to be distributed to the needy.
Precipitation Characterization and Mechanical Behavior in Novel DP Steels
Authors: Chen Chih Yuan , Li Cheng Han , Liu Pei Herng , Tsai Shao Pu , Chen Chien Chon , Yang Jer Ren
Published: November 2018

Dual precipitates of carbide and copper particles formed within Cu-Ti microalloyed DP (Dual Phase) steel in the present study. The precipitation behaviors of tiny precipitates, especially in the ferrite matrix, were checked precisely by several methods, such as optical microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and hardness testing. It was found that copper particles nucleated only on the interphase precipitated TiC and were not dispersed randomly within the ferrite matrix. Therefore, the formation of dual precipitates within the ferrite grains should be considered as separated phase transformation; initially, only titanium carbides form during the austenite decomposition reaction, after which copper particles heterogeneously nucleate on these carbides. Furthermore, as compared to Cu microalloyed DP steel, the tempering behavior of martensite in the Cu-Ti microalloyed DP steel showed a tempering hardening characteristic.
An effective universality theorem for the Riemann zeta function
Authors: Lamzouri Youness , Lester Stephen , Radziwiłł Maksym
Published: November 2018

Let

0 < r < 1/4

, and

f

be a non-vanishing continuous function in

|z|\leq r

, that is analytic in the interior. Voronin’s universality theorem asserts that translates of the Riemann zeta function

\zeta(3/4 + z + it)

can approximate

f

uniformly in

|z| < r

to any given precision

\varepsilon

, and moreover that the set of such

t \in [0, T]

has measure at least

c(\varepsilon) T

for some

c(\varepsilon) > 0

, once

T

is large enough. This was refined by Bagchi who showed that the measure of such

t \in [0,T]

is

(c(\varepsilon) + o(1)) T

, for all but at most countably many

\varepsilon > 0

. Using a completely different approach, we obtain the first effective version of Voronin's Theorem, by showing that in the rate of convergence one can save a small power of the logarithm of

T

. Our method is flexible, and can be generalized to other

L

-functions in the

t

-aspect, as well as to families of

L

-functions in the conductor aspect.
Local rigidity of uniform lattices
Authors: Gelander Tsachik , Levit Arie
Published: November 2018

We establish topological local rigidity for uniform lattices in compactly generated groups, extending the result of Weil from the realm of Lie groups. We generalize the classical local rigidity theorem of Selberg, Calabi and Weil to irreducible uniform lattices in Isom

(X)

where

X

is a proper CAT(0) space with no Euclidian factors, not isometric to the hyperbolic plane. We deduce an analog of Wang’s finiteness theorem for certain non-positively curved metric spaces.
Lagrangian isotopies and symplectic function theory
Authors: Entov Michael , Ganor Yaniv , Membrez Cedric
Published: November 2018

We study two related invariants of Lagrangian submanifolds in symplectic manifolds. For a Lagrangian torus these invariants are functions on the first cohomology of the torus.

The first invariant is of topological nature and is related to the study of Lagrangian isotopies with a given Lagrangian flux. More specifically, it measures the length of straight paths in the first cohomology that can be realized as the Lagrangian flux of a Lagrangian isotopy.

The second invariant is of analytical nature and comes from symplectic function theory. It is defined for Lagrangian submanifolds admitting fibrations over a circle and has a dynamical interpretation.

We partially compute these invariants for certain Lagrangian tori.
On the generalized $\sigma$-Fitting subgroup of finite groups
Authors: Hu Bin , Huang Jianhong , Skiba Alexander N.
Published: November 2018

Let

\sigma =\{\sigma_{i} | i\in I\}

be some partition of the set

\mathbb P

of all primes, and let

G

be a finite group. A chief factor

H/K

of

G

is said to be

\sigma

-
central
(in

G

) if the semidirect product

(H/K) \rtimes (G/C_{G}(H/K))

is a

\sigma _{i}

-group for some

i=i(H/K)

; otherwise, it is called

\sigma

-
eccentric
(in

G

). We say that

G

is:

\sigma

-
nilpotent
if every chief factor of

G

is

\sigma

-central;

\sigma

-
quasinilpotent
if for every

\sigma

-eccentric chief factor

H/K

of

G

, every automorphism of

H/K

induced by an element of

G

is inner. The product of all normal

\sigma

-nilpotent (respectively

\sigma

-quasinilpotent) subgroups of

G

is said to be the

\sigma

-
Fitting subgroup
(respectively the
generalized

\sigma

-
Fitting subgroup
) of

G

and we denote it by

F_{\sigma}(G)

(respectively by

F^{*}_{\sigma}(G)

). Our main goal here is to study the relations between the subgroups

F_{\sigma}(G)

and

F^{*}_{\sigma}(G)

, and the influence of these two subgroups on the structure of

G

.
A Systematic Review of the Quality and Utility of Observer-Based Instruments for Assessing Medical Professionalism
Authors: Kwan Yu Heng , Png Kelly , Phang Jie Kie , Leung Ying Ying , Goh Hendra , Seah Yi , Thumboo Julian , Ng A/P Swee Cheng , Fong Warren , Lie Desiree
Published: November 2018

Background

Professionalism, which encompasses behavioral, ethical, and related domains, is a core competency of medical practice. While observer-based instruments to assess medical professionalism are available, information on their psychometric properties and utility is limited.

Objective

We systematically reviewed the psychometric properties and utility of existing observer-based instruments for assessing professionalism in medical trainees.

Methods

After selecting eligible studies, we employed the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) criteria to score study methodological quality. We identified eligible instruments and performed quality assessment of psychometric properties for each selected instrument. We scored the utility of each instrument based on the ability to distinguish performance levels over time, availability of objective scoring criteria, validity evidence in medical students and residents, and instrument length.

Results

Ten instruments from 16 studies met criteria for consideration, with studies having acceptable methodological quality. Psychometric properties were variably assessed. Among 10 instruments, the Education Outcomes Service (EOS) group questionnaire and Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) possessed the best psychometric properties, with the P-MEX scoring higher on utility than the EOS group questionnaire.

Conclusions

We identified 2 instruments with best psychometric properties, with 1 also showing acceptable utility for assessing professionalism in trainees. The P-MEX may be an option for program directors to adopt as an observer-based instrument for formative assessment of medical professionalism. Further studies of the 2 instruments to aggregate additional validity evidence is recommended, particularly in the domain of content validity before they are used in specific cultural settings and in summative assessments.
Trend analysis of the performance of Nigeria’s Manufacturing Sector, 1960-2010
Authors: Umofia Nsikan
Published: November 2018

This paper examined the performance of the Nigerian manufacturing sector for fifty years (1960-2010) using such performance indices as manufacturing sector real GDP, percentage contribution to the Gross Domestic Product, index of manufacturing production, and percentage average manufacturing capacity utilization within this period. The major finding was that despite many policies and developmental initiatives undertaken by successive civilian and military administrations since independence, the Nigerian manufacturing sector has grossly underperformed in relation to its potential due to several daunting challenges facing the sector. The data analysis revealed the unimpressive state of the manufacturing sector over the years, its low percentage contribution to GDP, as well as the effect of the fluctuating average manufacturing capacity utilization on the growth rate and productivity of the sector. The study recommended that the key to reversing the poor performance of Nigerian manufacturing is an increase in adequate capacity utilization to boost local manufacturing and export.Keywords: Manufacturing sector, industrialization
Ancestral belief in Adebowale’s The Virgin and Ngugi’s The River Between
Authors: Ojedoja Sanjo , Abubakar A.S.
Published: November 2018

The focus in this work is the re-examination of the place of the ancestors in contemporary world. This paper critically evaluates the pre-colonial status of the ancestors and clearly explains the pride of place they once enjoyed. The invasions of religions, especially Christianity and Islam maliciously challenge the place of the ancestors today. It is the thrust of this paper that since the missionary religions have made a lot of converts among the traditional people, as a consequence, little or no regard is paid to them. The converts prefer to go their new worship centres instead of venerating their departed. The civilization the West brought to Africa had helped in no small way to pave way for the high disregards for them. This paper concludes that since the living ones do not even show moral sanctity Africa was once known for, propelled by greed and materialism, moral sanctity should be allowed to rest in peace.
A critique of Scheler’s emotional intuitionism
Authors: Ogan Tamunosiki V.
Published: November 2018

Axiology or Theory of Value is a branch of Philosophy which has in its own way, elicited profound interest and polemic This interest in axiology became quite profound in the 19th and 20th centuries However, Risieri Frondizi makes us to understand that Alexius Von Meinong was not the initiator of this branch of Philosophy as held by some authors. Just like any other branch of Philosophy, axiology is polarized into two dominant Philosophical views, namely: the objectivist view, and the subjectivist view. The objectivists hold the cognition of value to be Independent of both object and subject, as well as having empirical provability. The subjectivist on the other hand, holds value to be dependent on both object and the feelings of the subject concerned. This work attempted a detailed exposition of Max Scheler’s axiology. Scheler, it should be noted, is an objectivist; he is of Husserl’s phenomenological persuasion or tradition. Scheler’s input in axiology is epitomized in his Emotional Intuitionism postulation. This work then, featured an analysed critique of Scheler’s position, based on his views as put forward by R. Frondizi in his book What is value: An introduction to axiology.Keywords: emotional institutionalism, axiology, theory of value, phenomenological disposition
Assessment of Thermal Aging of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal by Using the Double Loop Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation Technique
Authors: Lin Xiaodong , Peng Qunjia , Han En-Hou , Ke Wei
Published: November 2018

Double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) was applied to evaluate thermal aging of 308L stainless steel weld metal. It was found that the activation and reactivation peaks of DL-EPR curve were induced by dissolution of austenite and δ-ferrite, respectively. Before saturation of hardness, the linear relationship between reactivation ratio and hardness could be used for assessing the thermal aging-induced hardening. In the following thermal aging process, the reactivation ratio is applicable to assess the occurrence of the saturation of thermal aging-induced hardening. The results demonstrated that the DL-EPR test is applicable to assess the evolution of thermal aging.
Wrist Plane of Motion and Range During Daily Activities
Authors: Kaufman-Cohen Yael , Friedman Jason , Levanon Yafa , Jacobi Gal , Doron Noa , Portnoy Sigal
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVE. The dart-throwing motion (DTM) is a multiplane wrist motion that is needed for many daily occupations. Mobilization along the DTM plane may be essential for rehabilitation after wrist injury, but DTM angles are reported for the dominant hand alone, so their relevance to injury in the nondominant hand cannot be surmised. The aim of this study was to quantify the DTM plane angles for both hands during different activities of daily living (ADLs).

METHOD. Forty-three healthy participants wore a twin-axis electrogoniometer during ADLs.

RESULTS. No significant differences were found between the DTM plane angles of the dominant (20°–45°) and nondominant (15°–40°) hands. These angles varied by task and across participants.

CONCLUSION. The DTM plane is a functional motion used by both hands during ADLs. Because the DTM plane angle differs among hands, tasks, and individual clients, wrist rehabilitation involving the DTM plane should not be limited to a singular DTM plane angle.
Contrasting stable water isotope signals from convective and large-scale precipitation phases of a heavy precipitation event in Southern Italy during HyMeX IOP 13
Authors: Lee Keun-Ok , Aemisegger Franziska , Pfahl Stephan , Flamant Cyrille , Lacour Jean-Lionel , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The dynamical context and moisture transport pathways associated with a heavy precipitation event (HPE) in Southern Italy (SI) are investigated with the help of stable water isotopes (SWIs). The event occurred during the intensive observation period (IOP) 13 of the field campaign of the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) on 15 and 16 October 2012. SI experienced intense rainfall of 62.4 mm over 27 hr with two precipitation phases during this event. The first one (P1) was induced by convective precipitation linked to a frontal feature, while the second one (P2) was mainly associated with precipitation induced by large-scale uplift. The moisture transport and processes responsible for the HPE are analysed using a simulation with the isotope-enabled regional numerical model COSMOiso. Backward trajectory analyses based on this simulation show that the air parcels arriving in SI during P1 originate from the North Atlantic, and descend within an upper-level trough over the north-western Mediterranean. The descending air parcels reach elevations below 1 km over the sea and bring dry and isotopically depleted air (median δ18O ≤ −25 ‰, water vapour mixing ratio q ≤ 2 g kg−1) close to the surface, which induces strong surface evaporation. These air parcels are rapidly enriched in SWI (δ18O ≥ −14 ‰) and moistened (q ≥ 8 g kg−1) over the Tyrrhenian Sea by taking up moisture from surface evaporation and potentially from evaporation of frontal precipitation. Thereafter, the SWI-enriched low-level air masses arriving upstream of SI are convectively pumped to higher altitudes, and the SWI-depleted moisture from higher levels is transported towards the surface within the downdrafts ahead of the cold front over SI, producing a large amount of precipitation of convective nature in SI. Most of the moist processes (i.e. evaporation, convective mixing) related to the HPE take place during the 18 hours preceding the occurrence of P1 over SI. Four hours later, during the second precipitation phase P2, the air parcels arriving over SI mainly originate from North Africa. The strong cyclonic flow around the eastward moving upper-level trough induces the advection of a moist and SWI-enriched African plume towards SI, and leads to large-scale uplift of the warm African air mass along the cold front. This brings moist and SWI-enriched air masses (median δ18O ≥ −18 ‰, median q ≥ 6 g kg−1) to higher altitudes and leads to gradual rain out of the air parcels over Italy. Large-scale ascent in the warm sector ahead of the cold front takes place during the 72 hours preceding P2 in SI. This work sheds light on the variety of thermodynamic mechanisms occurring at the meso- and synoptic scales and leading to two distinct precipitation phases of a HPE over the densely populated SI region.
Improved real-time bio-aerosol classification using artificial neural networks
Authors: Leśkiewicz Maciej , Kaliszewski Miron , Włodarski Maksymilian , Młyńczak Jarosław , Mierczyk Zygmunt , Kopczyński Krzysztof
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Air pollution has had an increasingly powerful impact on the everyday life of
humans. More and more people are aware of the health problems that may result
from inhaling air which contains dust, bacteria, pollens or fungi. There is a
need for real-time information about ambient particulate matter. Devices
currently available on the market can detect some particles in the air but
cannot classify them according to health threats. Fortunately, a new type of
technology is emerging as a promising solution. Laser-based bio-detectors are characterizing a new era in aerosol research. They
are capable of characterizing a great number of individual particles in
seconds by analyzing optical scattering and fluorescence characteristics. In
this study we demonstrate the application of artificial neural networks
(ANNs) to real-time analysis of single-particle fluorescence fingerprints
acquired using BARDet (a Bio-AeRosol Detector). A total of 48 different aerosols
including pollens, bacteria, fungi, spores, and nonbiological substances
were characterized. An entirely new approach to data analysis using a
decision tree comprising 22 independent neural networks was discussed.
Applying confusion matrices and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis the best sets of ANNs for each
group of similar aerosols were determined. As a result, a very high accuracy
of aerosol classification in real time was achieved. It was found that for
some substances that have characteristic spectra, almost each particle can be
properly classified. Aerosols with similar spectral characteristics can be
classified as specific clouds with high probability. In both cases the system
recognized aerosol type with no mistakes. In the future, it is planned that performance of the system may be
determined under real environmental conditions, involving characterization
of fluorescent and nonfluorescent particles.
Planetary Boundary Layer variability over New Delhi,
India, during EUCAARI project
Authors: Nakoudi Konstantina , Giannakaki Elina , Dandou Aggeliki , Tombrou Maria , Komppula Mika
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Ground-based lidar measurements were performed at Gual Pahari measurement station, approximately 20 km South of New Delhi, India, from March 2008 to March 2009. The height of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) was retrieved with a portable Raman lidar system, utilizing the modified Wavelet Covariance Transform (WCT) method. The lidar derived PBL heights were compared to radiosonde data, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite observations and two atmospheric models. The results were also analyzed on a seasonal basis. To examine the difficulties of PBL lidar detection under different meteorological and aerosol load conditions we focused on three case studies of PBL diurnal evolution. In the presence of a multiple aerosol layer structure, the WCT method exhibited high efficiency in PBL height determination. Good agreement with the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) estimations was found (r=0.69 and r=0.74, respectively) for a cumulus convection case. In the aforementioned cases, temperature, relative humidity and potential temperature radiosonde profiles were well compared to the respective WRF profiles. The Bulk Richardson Number scheme, which was applied to radiosonde profile data, was in good agreement with lidar data, especially during daytime (r=0.68). The overall comparison with CALIPSO satellite observations; namely, CALIOP Level 2 Aerosol Layer Product, was very satisfying (r=0.84), with CALIPSO Feature Detection Algorithms slightly overestimating PBL height. Lidar measurements revealed that the maximum PBL height was reached approximately three hours after the solar noon, whilst the daily evolution of the PBL was completed, on average, one hour earlier. The PBL diurnal cycle was also analyzed using ECMWF estimations, which produced a stronger cycle during the winter and pre-monsoon period. The seasonal analysis of lidar PBL heights yielded a less pronounced PBL cycle than the one expected from long term climate records. The lowest mean daytime PBL height (695 m) appeared in winter, while the highest mean daytime PBL height (1326 m) was found in the monsoon season as expected. PBL daily growth rates exhibited also a weak seasonal variability.
Quantitative capabilities of STXM to measure spatially resolved organic volume fractions of mixed organic/inorganic particle
Authors: Fraund Matthew , Park Tim , Yao Lin , Bonanno Daniel , Pham Don Q. , Moffet Ryan C.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy coupled with Near-Edge X-ray Absorption and Fine Structure (STXM/NEXAFS) spectroscopy can be used to characterize the morphology and composition of aerosol particles. Here, two inorganic/organic systems are used to validate the determination of Organic Volume Fraction (OVF) from STXM data and to determine the level of associated error. Using the mixture of sodium chloride and sucrose as one system and ammonium sulfate and sucrose as another, three solutions each were made with 10:1, 1:1, and 1:10 mass ratios (inorganic to organic). The OVF of the organic rich aerosols of both systems deviated from the bulk OVF by less than 1 %, while the inorganic rich aerosols deviated by approximately 1 %. Aerosols from the equal mass mixture deviated more (about 4 %) due to thick inorganic regions exceeding the linear range of Beer’s Law. These calculations were performed after checking the data for image alignment, defocusing issues, and particles too thick to be analyzed. The potential for systematic error in the OVF calculation was also tested by assuming the incorrect composition. There is a small (about 0.5 %) OVF difference if adipic acid is assumed rather than sucrose, and a much larger (up to 25 %) difference if sodium chloride is assumed instead of ammonium sulfate. These results show that, with attention paid to ensuring quality data, an OVF value within 1 % of the theoretical value can be determined.
Effects of elevated CO2 and phytoplankton-derived organic matter on the metabolism of bacterial communities from coastal waters
Authors: Fuentes-Lema Antonio , Sanleón-Bartolomé Henar , Lubián Luis M. , Sobrino Cristina
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Microcosm experiments to assess the bacterioplankton's response
to phytoplankton-derived organic matter obtained under current and
future ocean CO2 levels were performed. Surface seawater enriched with
inorganic nutrients was bubbled for 8 days with air (current CO2
scenario) or with a 1000 ppm CO2 air mixture (future CO2 scenario)
under solar radiation. The organic matter produced under the current and
future CO2 scenarios was subsequently used as an inoculum. Triplicate 12 L
flasks filled with 1.2 µm of filtered natural seawater enriched with the
organic matter inocula were incubated in the dark for 8 days under
CO2 conditions simulating current and future CO2 scenarios, to study the
bacterial response. The acidification of the media increased bacterial
respiration at the beginning of the experiment, while the addition of the
organic matter produced under future levels of CO2 was related to
changes in bacterial production and abundance. This resulted in a 67 %
increase in the integrated bacterial respiration under future CO2
conditions compared to present CO2 conditions and 41 % higher
integrated bacterial abundance with the addition of the acidified organic
matter compared to samples with the addition of non acidified organic
matter. This study demonstrates that the increase in atmospheric CO2
levels can impact bacterioplankton metabolism directly, by changes in the
respiration rate, and indirectly, by changes on the organic matter, which
affected bacterial production and abundance.
Connecting the Greenland ice-core and U∕Th timescales via cosmogenic radionuclides: testing the synchroneity of Dansgaard–Oeschger events
Authors: Adolphi Florian , Bronk Ramsey Christopher , Erhardt Tobias , Edwards R. Lawrence , Cheng Hai , Turney Chris S. M. , Cooper Alan , Svensson Anders , Rasmussen Sune O. , Fischer Hubertus , Muscheler Raimund
Published: November 2018

Abstract. During the last glacial period Northern Hemisphere climate was characterized
by extreme and abrupt climate changes, so-called Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO)
events. Most clearly observed as temperature changes in Greenland ice-core
records, their climatic imprint was geographically widespread. However, the
temporal relation between DO events in Greenland and other regions is
uncertain due to the chronological uncertainties of each archive, limiting
our ability to test hypotheses of synchronous change. In contrast, the
assumption of direct synchrony of climate changes forms the basis of many
timescales. Here, we use cosmogenic radionuclides (10Be,
36Cl, 14C) to link Greenland ice-core records to
U∕Th-dated speleothems, quantify offsets between the two timescales, and
improve their absolute dating back to 45 000 years ago. This approach allows
us to test the assumption that DO events occurred synchronously between
Greenland ice-core and tropical speleothem records with unprecedented
precision. We find that the onset of DO events occurs within synchronization
uncertainties in all investigated records. Importantly, we demonstrate that
local discrepancies remain in the temporal development of rapid climate
change for specific events and speleothems. These may either be related to
the location of proxy records relative to the shifting atmospheric fronts or
to underestimated U∕Th dating uncertainties. Our study thus highlights
the potential for misleading interpretations of the Earth system when
applying the common practice of climate wiggle matching.
Kinematic analysis and optimization of a planar parallel compliant mechanism for self-alignment knee exoskeleton
Authors: Niu Yijun , Song Zhibin , Dai Jiansheng
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Misalignment between the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) of human joint and the ICR of wearable robotic exoskeleton widely exists among most of exoskeletons widely used in rehabilitation, which results in discomfort, even endangers human safety. In order to alleviate it, this study focuses on the solution of misalignment in knee joint of lower limb exoskeletons, and proposes a compliant five-bar parallel mechanism, which offers two mobility in sagittal plane, as well as the torsional springs mounted on this mechanism, have the potential to automatically adjust the ICR of output link connected to thigh with respect to the basis link connected to shank. To reach this goal, we build the stiffness model of the mechanism and optimize its variables. And the self-alignment of the compliant five-bar parallel mechanism is verified via experimental investigations.
THE ROLE OF SUGGESTIBILITY IN FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS: CASE REPORT
Authors: Strika Evija , Eglītis Raitis
Published: November 2018

Suggestibility is the degree to which someone res­ponds to and is influenced by suggestions made by someone or something. Scientific studies have shown that suggestibility most often correlates with memory processing, false memory and false confession phe­nomena and is crucial to child testimony and forensic psychological examination.

Traditionally, there are two general suggestibility re­search approaches: the experimental psychology and the individual difference approach. Experimentally designed studies reflect the effects of misinformation – conditions under which suggestions affect recall of events. The individual difference approach seeks to identify people as being more or less suggestible, re­lating different degrees of suggestibility with several cognitive and personality variables. Both approaches suggest that certain social, cognitive and psycholo­gical factors affect the accuracy of a person`s report (testimony).

The current article will focus primary on the accuracy of children reports in the context of forensic psycho­logical examination. The inaccuracy can be due to unconscious assimilation of false suggestions and pressure made by those (usually adults) who have access to the child (suggestibility) or to conscious lies on the part of the child. Some data extractions from research in relation to factors affecting the accuracy of children`s reports during forensic psychological examinations and overall children`s testimonies will be provided. In this context, a case study from fo­rensic psychological examination will be discussed.
ALEXITHYMIA AS RISK FACTOR OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors: Igumnov Sergey , Zbarousky Konstantin , Lapanau Pavel , Popok Ruslan , Grinevich Ekaterina
Published: November 2018

A socio-psychological survey and clinical-psycholo­gical research were conducted (level of alexithymia; intensity of internet addiction; individual-charactero­logical personality traits; individual style of coping strategies, behavioral patterns and resources of per­sonality) in the cohort of 150 people at the age of 15-24, average age: 18.9±1.64, M:F= 87:63). As a result of the randomization of subjects, 3 groups were detected: themain group (people with traces of deve­loping anaddiction from “new psychoactive substan­ces” (NPS)) (MG, 50 people); a comparison group (people with “non-chemical” forms of addiction (in­ternet addiction) (CG, 50 people) and a reference group (50 people, without addictions and deviant be­havior). The research of coping behavior methods, in the category “Search for social support” groups MG and RG significantly differ statistically (probability of passing similarity p = 0.016, t =2.45, df = 147) has shown the significance of asocial network support as in the case of NPS addiction. The total score of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-26-R showed that peo­ple from MG (average number 67.66±8.01) and RG (average number 58.92±8.36) statistically differ si­gnificantly, with a probability of passing similarity being p<0.001, t=5.3, df=147. Indicators of expres­sed alexithymia noticeably prevailed in MG and CG, in comparison with the RG. While researching in­ternet addiction using a subject oriented scale, there was a statistically significant difference between CG and RG. The probability of a passing similarity is p = 0.006, t=2.82, df =147. The received and analyzed study materials are the basis for the development of acombined preventive and rehabilitation program for those with “NPS” addiction and “internet addiction” among teenagers and youth.
Edgar Allan Poe and Eugene Sue: A Fraught Authorial Relationship
Authors: Shaffer-Koros Carole
Published: November 2018

This article explores the complicated authorial relationship between Poe and his French contemporary, Eugene Sue. Both authors were reading the work of the other in its original language, with each influencing the other's work. Details of a number of Poe's works are compared to Sue's novels.
The Ecocritical Implications of Downing's Influence on Poe's Landscape Aesthetic
Authors: Bayer Ellen M.
Published: November 2018

This article examines the influence of landscape architect Andrew Jackson Downing's seminal work, A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening (1841), on Poe's landscape tales. Poe knew this book through reading a review in Arcturus appearing in the same year and, as strong evidence suggests, through perusing Downing's tract firsthand sometime before 1843. Looking at the affinities between Downing's and Poe's aesthetic principles, we may see that Downing's landscape gardening theory profoundly influenced Poe's later fiction and validated his belief in the powerful role of the artist in the creation of Beauty. Two landscape tales, in particular, demonstrate the correlation between Poe's writing and the principles of landscape gardening popularized in his time: “The Domain of Arnheim” of 1847, and its “pendant,” “Landor's Cottage” of 1849. Situating Poe's work in the context of landscape gardening—first by establishing Downing's influence on Poe and then by examining the environmental impact of their idealized landscapes—we may see how both literary and horticultural texts echoed the broader culture's demand for a composed American landscape without considering the environmental consequences of putting these aesthetic theories into practice.
Rising declaratives of the Quality-suspending kind
Authors: Westera Matthijs
Published: November 2018

The theory of Intonational Compliance Marking (ICM) maintains that speakers of English use final rising intonation to indicate a suspension (potential violation) of a conversational maxim (Westera 2013; 2014). This paper aims to show that a certain kind of rising declarative, one which has been prominent in the literature (e.g., Gunlogson 2008), can be adequately understood in ICM’s terms as involving a suspension of the maxim of Quality. By explicating certain minimal assumptions about pragmatics, this understanding accounts for three core features of such rising declaratives: their question-likeness, the speaker bias they express and their badness out of the blue. In a nutshell, their question-likeness is derived from principles of general cooperative discourse, their bias from the relative importance of the maxim of Quality, and their badness out of the blue from a competition between rising declaratives and interrogatives. The account is compared in detail to various existing accounts of rising declaratives of the relevant sort, highlighting explanatory and empirical differences.
Complementizer agreement with coordinated subjects in Polish
Authors: Citko Barbara
Published: November 2018

This paper examines complementizer and verbal agreement with coordinate subjects in Polish. It shows that while certain patterns are possible, others (logically equally plausible ones) are not. The possible patterns are: (i) Resolved Agreement on both the verb and the complementizer, (ii) mixed agreement (Resolved Agreement on the verb and First Conjunct Agreement on the complementizer, and (iii) sandwiched agreement (First Conjunct Agreement on the complementizer and Last Conjunct Agreement on the verb). The differences between Resolved Agreement and Single Conjunct Agreement are attributed to two distinct ways Agree can operate; either as a sequence of Singular Agree operations, or as one instance of Multiple Agree, with Multiple Agree yielding Resolved Agreement and Singular Agree requiring feature conflict resolution at PF.
¿Cómo los intelectuales conquistaron la moda? Discursos decimonónicos
Authors:   Universidade de Buenos Aires, Yankelevich Nathalie Romina Goldwaser
Published: November 2018

En este trabajo sostenemos que la noción “moda” y su retórica, obtuvo una forma conceptual similar a la de “intelectual”: ambos conceptos fluyen en un vaivén entre el bien y el mal; lo banal o lo no superficial; entre la ideologización o politización y la desideologización o desaparición de su sentido sociohistórico, político y cultural. Así, trabajaremos sobre un dualismo (intelectuales – moda) que, relacionados por un interrogante, nos permitirá entender qué papel cumple un intelectual, y qué argumentos arroja cuando éste observa la moda. Asimismo, pretendemos demostrar que “las diferencias de los sexos” están permanentemente vinculadas con la temática en cuestión. Por ello, queremos exponer cómo el concepto ‘moda’ ha sido politizado durante el período en que se piensa “el progreso”, la modernización o la modernidad (siglo XIX y principios del XX), tanto en Europa, como en el Río de la Plata (actual República Argentina).
Percepção e Expressão no Universo das Ilustrações de Moda
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Kuhnen Gabriela , Santos Célio Teodorico dos
Published: November 2018

No universo da Moda, as ilustrações são importantes ferramentas para divulgação de produtos ou de marcas e os croquis ou desenhos de moda, estão presentes na forma de projetos e são o início da elaboração do produto em si. Na criação das ilustrações ou croquis, os elementos gráfico visuais como o ponto, a linha, a mancha e o plano são a base para a representação de figuras que delineiam este universo. Neste sentido, a expressividade e a percepção, se dão tanto através dos aspectos estético-formais, quanto dos simbólicos, que organizados de certa maneira, tornam-se bastante relevantes, já que tem como objetivo principal, divulgar uma ideia ou conceito e estabelecer um impacto sobre o espectador. Para tanto, o presente artigo faz uma síntese sobre os conceitos da sintaxe visual, elementos estético-formais, associações simbólicas e busca aplicar essa teoria na leitura de uma ilustração de Laura Laine, aperfeiçoando o entendimento sobre a imagem a qual se refere e fazendo analogias desta imagem com outras a que faz menção.