bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Materi Ajar Dalam Buku Mahir Bahasa Arab 2 Untuk Kelas XI Madrasah Aliyah Program Keagamaan
Authors: Najipa Naura , Zainuddin Darwin
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis isi materi ajar pada buku Mahir Bahasa Arab 2 Untuk Kelas XI Madrasah Aliyah Program Keagamaan. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis studi kepustakaan. Sumber data primer bersumber dari buku Mahir Bahasa Arab 2 Untuk Kelas XI Madrasah Aliyah Program Keagamaan terbitan PT Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri dan sumber data sekunder bersumber dari buku, jurnal dan literatur terkait. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi dan studi pustaka dan teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Buku Mahir Bahasa Arab 2 untuk kelas XI Madrasah Aliyah Program Keagamaan telah menjelaskan materi ajar maf`ul bih dengan struktur definisi, macam dan contoh kalimat, di mana contoh kalimat menggunakan contoh yang bersumber bukan dari Al-Quran dan hal ini menjadi salah satu faktor sulitnya peserta didik memahami konsep yang diajarkan. Selain itu struktur penyajian konsep maf`ul bih sudah mengakomodir empat aspek keterampilan berbahasa yaitu mendengar, berbicara, membaca dan menulis
 
 Abstract
This study aims to analyze the content of teaching materials in the book Mahir Bahasa Arab 2 Untuk Kelas XI Madrasah Aliyah Program Keagamaan. This research approach uses descriptive qualitative with a type of literature study. The primary data source comes from the book Mahir Bahasa Arab 2 Untuk Kelas XI Madrasah Aliyah Program Keagamaan published by PT Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri, and secondary data sources come from books, journals, and related literature. Methods of data collection using documentation and literature study and data analysis techniques using content analysis techniques. The results of the study show that the Mahir Bahasa Arab 2 Untuk Kelas XI Madrasah Aliyah Program Keagamaan has explained maf’ul bih teaching material with definition structures, types, and examples of sentences, where examples of sentences use examples that originate not from the Al-Quran, and this becomes one of the factors is the difficulty of students understanding the concepts being taught. In addition, the structure of the presentation of the maf`ul bih concept has accommodated four aspects of language skills, namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing
The Role Of Qismu Al-Lughoh In Forming a Language Environment In a Modern Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Almuzakir Almuzakir , Putra Wahyu Hanafi , Wijayanti Lisma Meilia , Salma Kunti Nadiyah
Published: February 2025

This study aims to obtain clear and in-depth information about the role of Qismu al-lughoh through a language court to ensure the quality of foreign language skills for new male KMI students at Pondok Modern Arrisalah International Program Slahung Ponorogo. This study uses a descriptive research design combined with a case study approach. At the same time, the data collection techniques used are interview techniques, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques use content analysis by collecting data, reducing data, and drawing conclusions from research results. Based on the results of the study shows that the role of Qismu al-Lughah through language courts for new students includes providing routine vocabulary to increase students' knowledge of Arabic accompanied by daily speaking practice, creating an active language environment, supervision, and daily monitoring of the muhadatsah process through language investigators, giving punishment to offenders, holding language contests.
Al-Madkhol Al-Insani Li Carl Rogers Fi Ta'lim Maharah Kalam Fi Qismi Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyah Wa Adabiha Bi Jami'ah Mandailing Natal Al-Islamiyah Al-Hukumiyah
Authors: Ritonga Nurainun , Haq Samsul , Setiadi Fadlan Masykura
Published: February 2025

An approach is needed to achieve the expected objective of learning a language. One of the relevant approaches for Maharah Kalam teaching (Arabic speaking) is the humanistic approach. The objective of this study is to know the application of humanistic theory from Carl Rogers to the Maharah kalam learning process at the University level, especially in the Mandailing Natal Islamic State University. The writer employed descriptive qualitative data collection techniques consisting of direct observation on implementing educative games and learning media during the Arabic speaking class, interview with students, and documentation. Moreover, the data analysis technique was based on Miles and Huberman’s model comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The result of the study concluded that the humanistic approach to teaching-learning Arabic speaking by applying educative games and learning media had successfully made the teaching-learning process more fun. The educative games and learning media applied were as follows: throwing the ball question, guessing pictures, snake and ladder game, drawing paper, making something by using Origami paper, guessing a word by initial letter, introductory pen, and video applications.
Analisis Materi Ajar Bahasa Arab pada Akun Tik-Tok @kursusarabalazhar
Authors: Dalimunthe Miftahul Nizah , Yulia Fatma
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to analyze Arabic material on the tik tok account @kursusarabalazhar, which includes vocabulary, sharaf, and nahwu material in terms of content feasibility, design, and presentation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to the type of literature study. Primary data sources come from the tik tok account @kursusarabalazhar, and secondary data sources come from books, journals, and related literature. Methods of data collection using documentation and literature study and data analysis techniques using content analysis techniques. The results of the study show that the vocabulary displayed in this account is in 2 ways, namely first, using pamphlets, which get excellent ratings from the aspects of content and design feasibility, fair value on the feasibility of presentation and language, and second, through conversation, which get excellent ratings from all aspect. Sharaf's material received a good feasibility assessment from the feasibility aspect of the content and design, a low score on the presentation aspect, and an adequate score from the language aspect. The nahwu material received good ratings from the feasibility aspects of content and design, fewer scores from the presentation, and sufficient scores from the language aspect.
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis materi bahasa Arab pada akun tik tok @kursusarabalazhar yang meliputi materi kosakata, sharaf dan nahwu dari segi kelayakan isi, desain dan penyajian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis studi kepustakaan. Sumber data primer bersumber dari akun tik tok @kursusarabalazhar dan sumber data sekunder bersumber dari buku, jurnal dan literatur terkait. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi dan studi pustaka dan teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa kosakata yang ditampilkan dalam akun ini melalui 2 cara yaitu pertama menggunakan pamflet, yang mendapatkan penilaian sangat baik dari aspek kelayakan isi dan desain, nilai cukup  pada kelayakan penyajian dan bahasa dan kedua melalui percakapan, yang mendapatkan penilaian sangat baik dari semua aspek. Materi sharaf mendapatkan penilaian kelayakan baik dari aspek kelayakan isi dan desain, nilai kurang pada aspek penyajian dan nilai cukup dari aspek bahasa. Materi nahwu yang mendapatkan penilaian baik dari aspek kelayakan isi dan desain, nilai kurang dari aspek penyajian dan nilai cukup dari aspek bahasa.
Pengembangan Media Augmented Reality dalam Pembelajaran Mufradat
Authors: Hafitria Annisa , Asyrofi Imam
Published: February 2025

Penggunaan teknologi telah marak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran di banyak lembaga pendidikan termasuk Madrasah diniyah. Lembaga ini memiliki kurikulum pembelajaran salah satunya Bahasa Arab yang memerlukan inovasi pengembangan media pembelajaran yang menyenangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan media pembelajaran mufrodat dengan memanfaatkan teknologi Augmented Reality. Sumber konten diambil dari selebaran materi Bahasa Arab yang dipakai hanya pada lingkungan madrasah. Model yang dipakai untuk membangun aplikasi ini menggunakan model waterfall SDLC dengan aplikasi marker card untuk menampilkan objek 3d yang sudah didaftarkan sebelumnya. Pembuatan aplikasi ini baru dikembangkan dengan berbasis android yang dibuat menggunakan tools seperti Vuforia dan Unity 3D. Aplikasi ini dapat berjalan pada smartphone dengan spesifikasi minimal android versi OS 8.0 oreo API level 26, ukuran layar 6 inci, RAM 4096 MB, ruang kosong memori internal 500 MB dan kamera belakang 13 MP. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperluas media pembelajaran Bahasa Arab dan bisa bermanfaat untuk pengembangan dilingkungan madrasah, pesantren hingga masyarakat umum.
Abstract
Technology has become widespread as a learning medium in many educational institutions, including Madrasah Diniyah. This institution has a learning curriculum, one of which is Arabic, which requires innovation in developing fun learning media. This research aims to develop microdata learning media by utilizing Augmented Reality technology. The content source is from Arabic language material leaflets used only in the madrasa environment. The model used to build this application uses the waterfall SDLC model with a marker card application to display 3D objects that have been previously registered. This application was newly developed using Android and created using Vuforia and Unity 3D tools. This application can run on smartphones with minimum specifications of Android OS version 8.0 Oreo API level 26, 6-inch screen size, 4096 MB RAM, 500 MB free internal memory space and 13 MP rear camera. The results of this research can expand Arabic language learning media and can be helpful in the development of madrasas, Islamic boarding schools and the general public
Analysis of Linguistic Errors in Students' Speaking Skill at Al-Qodiri Junior Secondary School 1 Jember
Authors: Jannah Siti Alfiatul , Bin Madi Faisol Nasar , Rosyid Abdur
Published: February 2025

Language skills will be more optimal if supported by a supportive language environment and habituation. However, the high intensity of language use will be prone to causing language errors, which needs to be identified and a solution found so that it does not happen again. This research aims to determine and analyze the forms of students' language errors at MTs Unggulan Al-Qodiri 1 Jember and the factors behind them. The approach used is a qualitative method with a field study type. The data collection method uses observation, interviews and documentation, as well as the data analysis method using the Miles and Huberman model which consists of data reduction, data display and conclusions. The research results show that students' language errors in maharah kalam often occur in the pronounciation of fiil madli, mudhori’ dan amrand the pronunciation of muannats and mudzakkar sentences. Meanwhile, the factors that cause language errors are mother tongue, environment, interlingual interference and intralingual interference.
Abstrak
Kemampuan berbahasa akan lebih optimal bila didukung adanya lingkungan berbahasa dan pembiasaan yang mendukung. Namun, tingginya intensitas penggunaan bahasa akan rentan menimbulkan kesalahan berbahasa, sesuatu yang perlu diidentifikasi dan dicarikan solusi agar tidak terjadi lagi ke depannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bentuk kesalahan berbahasa siswa di MTs Unggulan Al-Qodiri 1 Jember serta faktor-faktor yang melatar belakanginya. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan jenis studi lapangan. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, serta metode analisis data menggunakan model Miles and Huberman yang terdiri dari reduksi data, display data dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentuk kesalahan berbahasa siswa dalam maharah kalam banyak terjadi dalam pengucapan fiil madli, mudhori’ dan amr dan pengucapan kalimat muannats dan mudzakkar. Sedangkan faktor penyebab kesalahan berbahasa yaitu bahasa ibu, lingkungan, interferensi interlingual dan interferensi intralingual.
Optimalisasi Kefasihan Pelafalan Kosa Kata Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Santri Pondok Pesantren Islamic Center Limbangan
Authors: Atmajaya Firdaus , Husniati Anggit , Arifin Aisyahrani
Published: February 2025

This research aims to determine the effect of Arabic vocabulary pronunciation fluency training on improving the writing skills of students at the Limbangan Islamic Center Islamic Boarding School. The research method used is a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental approach and a one-group pre-test-post-test research design. The data collection technique uses tests and is analyzed using the Paired-Samples t-Test technique. The results of the research show that the pre-test results before the teacher fluency training were at a percentage of 16.6%, whereas after the Arabic vocabulary pronunciation fluency training, it was at a percentage of 80% with the parameter tcount = 3.131 and ttable = 1.699 so that a value of tcount > ttable could be obtained, or 3.131 > 1.699. It is clear that Ha is accepted while Ho is rejected. With these results, it can be concluded that training in fluency in the pronunciation of Arabic vocabulary during Imla' learning has a significant effect on improving the writing skills of students at the Limbangan Islamic Center Islamic Boarding School.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan kefasihan pelafalan kosakata bahasa Arab untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis santri di Pondok Pesantren Islamic Center Limbangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan kuasi-eksperimen dan desain penelitian one group pre-test-post-test. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan dianalisis dengan teknik Paired-Samples t-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil pre-test sebelum diadakannya pelatihan kefasihan guru berada pada persentase 16,6%, sedangkan setelah diadakannya pelatihan kefasihan pelafalan kosakata bahasa Arab berada pada persentase 80% dengan parameter thitung = 3,131 ttabel  = 1,699 sehingga dapat diperoleh nilai thitung > ttabel  atau 3,131 > 1,699, maka dengan ini jelas bahwa Ha diterima sedangkan Ho ditolak. Dengan hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan kefasihan pelafalan kosakata bahasa Arab pada pembelajaran Imla’ berpengaruhdan signifikan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis santri Pondok Pesantren Islamic Center Limbangan.
Analisis Pengembangan Kurikulum Bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Baitul Arqom Balung Jember
Authors: Firdaus Ana Nurhidayati , Anam Syamsul , Maulana Asep
Published: February 2025

The curriculum development process is urgent in facilitating learners to achieve a specific educational goal in an institution. This study aims to analyse the development of the Arabic curriculum at Baitul Arqom Jember Islamic boarding school. This research is a descriptive qualitative research using the type of case study. The data collection method used observation, interview and documentation. The collected data was analysed with Miles and Huberman's interactive model, which consists of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that Baitul Arqom Islamic Boarding School is a muadalah Islamic boarding school alumni of PMDG Gontor and has gone through several stages of Arabic curriculum development, namely curriculum development at the national level, institutional level, class level, and learning level.
Abstrak
Proses pengembangan kurikulum mempunyai urgensi dalam memudahkan pembelajar mencapai satu tujaun pendidikan tertentu di sebuah institusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengembangan kurikulum bahasa Arab di pondok pesantren Baitul Arqom Jember. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan jenis studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dan data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan model interkatif Miles dan Huberman, yang terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pondok Pesantren Baitul Arqom adalah pondok pesantren muadalah alumni PMDG Gontor dan telah melalui beberapa tahapan pengembangan kurikulum bahasa Arab, yaitu: pengembangan kurikulum tingkat nasional, tingkat lembaga, tingkat kelas, dan tingkat pembelajaran.
The Interrelation of Balaghah and Egypt: Study of Amin al-Khuli's Thought
Authors: Syihabuddin Muhammad , Manggala Kayan , Nurkholisoh Siti , Ansharah Indana Ilma
Published: February 2025

The essence of the science of Balaghah has been ingrained in the Arabic language to achieve creativity in both poetry and other literary forms. Al-Khuli in his book "Manahij Tafsir" explains that the many links between Egypt and Balaghah form an intense interrelationship. This article seeks to uncover the forms of a historical overview of Egypt and its influence on the science of Balaghah. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method through the main source of Amin al-Khuli's book "Manahij Tajdid fi al-Nahw wa al-Balaghah wa al-Tafsir wa al-Adab" and some relevant articles. In analyzing the data, researchers went through several stages, namely; identification, categorization, concept-historical content analysis, and ended with interpretation-validation. The results of this article reveal that: 1) Egypt has a strong character both in terms of geographical and social ideals. 2) Egypt became the foothold of prominent Balaghah figures who came from various regions. 3) There are two schools in Balaghah namely kalamiyyah and adabiyyah. 4) Egypt had a huge impact on the development of Arabic literature, which the Egyptians themselves put their literary knowledge as a form of dedication and love of harmony, as well as a form of devotion to the Qur'an. The above points summarize that Balaghah and Egypt have a close relationship that is inseparable in terms of history.
Abstrak
Esensi ilmu Balaghah telah mandarah daging dalam bahasa Arab untuk mencapai kreativitas baik puisi maupun bentuk sastra lainnya. Al-Khuli dalam kitabnya “Manahij Tafsir” menjelaskan bahwa banyak keterkaitan antara Mesir dan Balaghah membentuk interelasionalitas yang intens. Artikel ini ingin mencoba mengungkap bentuk-bentuk tinjauan historis mengenai Mesir dan pengaruhnya terhadap ilmu Balaghah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui sumber utama kitab karya Amin al-Khuli berjudul Manahij Tajdid fi al-Nahw wa al-Balaghah wa al-Tafsir wa al-Adab, dan beberapa artikel relevan. Dalam menganalisa data, peneliti melewati beberapa tahapan yaitu; identifikasi, kategorisasi, analisis konten konsep-historis, dan diakhiri dengan interpretasi-validasi. Hasil artikel ini mengungkap bahwa: 1) Mesir memiliki tabiat kuat baik dari segi keidealan secara geografis dan sosial. 2) Mesir menjadi pijakan tokoh-tokoh Balaghah terkemuka yang berasal dari berbagai wilayah. 3) Terdapat dua aliran dalam Balaghah yaitu kalamiyyah dan adabiyyah. 4)  Mesir memiliki dampak yang sangat besar bagi perkembangan sastra Arab, yang mana orang-orang Mesir sendiri meletakkan keilmuan sastranya sebagai bentuk dedikasi dan kecintaan pada keharmonian, juga bentuk pengabdian pada al-Qur’an. Berbagai poin di atas menjadi rangkman, bahwa Balaghah dan Mesir memiliki hubungan erat yang tak terpisahkan dari sisi sejarahnya.
Implementasi Metode Takrir dalam Meningkatkan Tazwidul Mufradat Siswa Kelas X MA PPMI Assalam Sukoharjo
Authors: Fakhrudin Fatah Fuad , Inayati Nurul Latifatul
Published: February 2025

Arabic learning has many methods that teacher can use in delivering material to students well. One of them is by using the takrir method. Madrasah Aliyah PPMI Assalaam Sukoharjo is a school that applies using Arabic in its daily activities. However, there are some students who think that Arabic is a difficult subject to learn. Therefore, as one of the efforts of the language section teacher requires the application of good methods in learning Arabic, the solution is to use the takrir method in the application of tazwidul mufradat activities. The research method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach involving data collection by observation, interviews and documentation. The purpose of this study is to determine the application of the takrir method in improving the ability to memorize mufradat (vocabulary) Tazwidul mufradat activities and their supporting and inhibiting factors. The results of this study explain that the takrir method has proven effective in improving the memorization ability of mufradat (vocabulary) students of MA PPMI Assalaam. The achievement of students can be seen from the course of Tazwidul Mufrodat activities can be seen from the course of activities. The supporting factors of this method are efficient timing, strong memorization and fluency of Arabic pronunciation. The inhibiting factors are boredom, limited understanding, and limited evaluation.
Management of the Tahadduts Program to Improve Speaking Skills for UMY Students
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Prasetya Utama Panji , Rahmadani Rahmadani , Abror Wicaksono Meidias , Ridwan
Published: February 2025

This study aims to describe the management of the Tahadduts program in improving speaking skills for UMY students. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with research subjects including 95 UMY students who participated in the Tahadduts program. The data collection techniques were through observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires, which were then analyzed using interactive qualitative analysis from Miles and Huberman, which consisted of three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the Tahadduts program is run by implementing a management system that includes: 1) planning, including coordination meetings and classification of student and educator classes; 2) organizing, involving class divisions adjusted to class levels, namely beginners, intermediate, and advanced; 3) implementation of learning activities every Wednesday and Saturday; and 4) evaluation at the end of each month in the form of final semester exams and language level increases. In addition, the Tahadduts program has a positive impact on improving the speaking skills of UMY students, with an average questionnaire calculation result of 74.57%.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan manajemen program Tahadduts dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara bagi mahasiswa UMY. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan subyek penelitian meliputi 95 mahasiswa UMY yang mengikuti program tahaddust. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan angket, yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan analisis kualitatif interaktif dari Miles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari 3 langkah, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program tahadduts dijalankan dengan menerapkan sistem manajemen yang meliputi: 1) perencanaan meliputi rapat koordinasi, klasifikasi kelas peserta didik dan tenaga pendidik, 2) pengorganisasian melibatkan pembagian kelas yang disesuaikan dengan tingkatan kelas yaitu pemula, menengah, dan lanjutan, 3) pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran setiap hari Rabu dan Sabtu, dan 4) evaluasi setiap akhir bulan berupa ujian akhir semester dan kenaikan level bahasa. Selain itu, program tahadduts memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap peningkatan keterampilan berbicara mahasiswa UNY, dengan rata-rata hasil perhitungan angket sebesar 74,57%.
Infrastructure-Led Oil- and Gasfield Development: Optimizing Value, Enhancing Decision-Making, and Reducing Environmental Footprint
Authors: Al Ayass Rafic , Ghorayeb Kassem , Haj Hussein Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Field development optimization in the oil and gas industry is crucial for balancing economic viability and environmental sustainability amidst complex challenges and advancing technologies. Infrastructure-led exploration and development aims to optimally use existing oil and gas infrastructure, ensuring significant cost savings and environmental benefits. In this paper, we present a method designed to optimize field development and expansion in the oil and gas industry. The workflow utilizes existing brownfield infrastructures and evaluates the potential of neighboring brownfields or other development opportunities to maximize supplementary value and enhance decision-making processes. The workflow integrates key data on production flow rates, cost in terms of capital expenditure (CAPEX), and economic value in terms of net present value (NPV) from potential expansion projects and performs a detailed capacity assessment while accounting for varied project timelines. This allows for the selection of a bundle of optimal expansion opportunities that optimize the development portfolio within predefined capital and capacity constraints. Test cases demonstrate the workflow’s capability to identify feasible and economically viable expansion opportunities, illustrating its potential to significantly optimize resource management and project value. The proposed workflow provides a comprehensive framework for optimizing oil- and gasfield development by integrating capacity analysis, case-dependent customization, and detailed reporting. The workflow’s flexibility enables tailored analysis to specific project needs, enhancing economic viability and operational efficiency. The innovative algorithms presented in this paper address critical and timely industry challenges, encompassing both sustainability and profitability in oil- and gasfield development projects.
Optimizing XGBoost for Intrusion Detection Using a Hybrid Firefly-PSO Algorithm
Authors: Mensah Paul
Published: February 2025

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) play a critical role in safeguarding networks against cyberattacks. Machine learning algorithms, particularly XGBoost, have been widely adopted in IDS for their robustness and efficiency. However, the performance of XGBoost can be significantly improved through hyperparameter optimization. This study proposes a hybrid Firefly-Particle Swarm Optimization (Firefly-PSO) algorithm for tuning XGBoost's hyperparameters to enhance intrusion detection performance. The hybrid algorithm combines the global search ability of PSO and the local search efficiency of the Firefly Algorithm. The proposed model is evaluated on three benchmark datasets: NSL-KDD, CICIDS2017, and UNSW-NB15. Experimental results show that the Firefly-PSO XGBoost model outperforms traditional optimization techniques such as Grid Search and Random Search in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and computational efficiency. Additionally, the model demonstrates excellent generalization capability and minimal false positive and negative rates, making it a robust solution for real-world IDS deployment. The findings of this study highlight the potential of hybrid optimization algorithms for improving machine learning-based IDS.
Restoring theta synchronization reverses social deficits in Shank2 mutant mice
Authors: Lee Eunee , Hwang Eunkyu , Kim Woohyun , Yoon Hyung-Geun , Lee Anjin , Shin Soogeun , Kwon Younghoon , Seo Dongseok , Kim Dohoung , Kim Eunjoon
Published: February 2025

Social interaction inherently requires the dynamic integration of information about oneself, others and the shared environment. Although synchronized neural activity, or interbrain synchrony, between the medial prefrontal cortices (mPFC) of interacting individuals has been observed in both humans and animals, its precise role in social interaction remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that Shank2 mutant (Shank2-/-) mice, which exhibit social deficits, also display significant disruptions in mPFC interbrain synchrony. The mPFC of Shank2-/- mice selectively failed to encode their own social behaviors, while the encoding of the partner’s social behaviors remains intact. Remarkably, we found that optogenetic induction of theta synchronization restored both social behaviors and interbrain synchrony in Shank2-/- mice. In wild-type mice, enhanced synchrony mildly improved social behaviors, whereas desynchronization led to impairment, highlighting the critical role of synchronized neural activity. These findings reveal a causal role of mPFC synchrony in orchestrating social interaction, providing critical insights into the neural mechanisms underlying social cognition. Moreover, they suggest potential therapeutic interventions targeting social deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Clinical and genetic characterization of Congenital disorders of glycosylation in 20 Chinese patients: novel variants and genotype-phenotype correlations
Authors: Zhao Peiwei , Tan Li , Meng Qingjie , Zhang Lei , Huang Yufeng , Zhang Xiankai , Hu Yanqiu , Zhou Shiqiong , He Xuelian
Published: February 2025

Background: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a complex and heterogeneous family of rare metabolic diseases that affect protein and lipid glycosylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis. These disorders can affect multiple organs, leading to a broad spectrum of symptoms that vary among different CDG subtypes and between individuals with same type of CDG. This study aimed to investigate the genetic variants, molecular etiologies, and clinical features of 20 Chinese patients diagnosed with CDG.
Results: Using whole-exome sequencing (WES), functional prediction tools, Sanger sequencing, and segregation analysis, we identified variants in several genes: ALG2 (3 patients), DPM2 (3 patients), PMM2(3 patients), and ALG13 (2 patients). Additionally, variants in COG5, COG6, MOGS, DPM3, ALG1, ALG3, ALG11, SSR4 and SLC35A2 each were observed in single case. In total, 28 distinct variants were identified, 11 of which were previously unreported. Genotype-phenotype correlations revealed notable findings: variants in the N-terminus of ALG2 before the intramembrane domain were associated with congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS), whereas those in the C-terminus caused ALG2-CDG; DPM2-CDG patients with variants in transmembrane region 1 exhibited more severe phenotypes; male patients with hemizygous variants in SLC35A2 demonstratedmilder phenotypes compared to those with mosaic variants.
Conclusions: This findings expand the spectrum of known clinical presentations and genetic variants in CDG, and establish possible genotype-phenotype correlations of several pathogenic genes, emphasizing the need for functional studies to unravel the underlying mechanisms.
Fast, flexible analysis of differences in cellular composition with crumblr
Authors: Hoffman Gabriel , Roussos Panos
Published: February 2025

Changes in cell type composition play an important role in human health and disease. Recent advances in single-cell technology have enabled the measurement of cell type composition at increasing cell lineage resolution across large cohorts of individuals. Yet this raises new challenges for statistical analysis of these compositional data to identify changes in cell type frequency. We introduce crumblr (DiseaseNeurogenomics.github.io/crumblr), a scalable statistical method for analyzing count ratio data using precision-weighted linear mixed models incorporating random effects for complex study designs. Uniquely, crumblr performs statistical testing at multiple levels of the cell lineage hierarchy using a multivariate approach to increase power over tests of one cell type. In simulations, crumblr increases power compared to existing methods while controlling the false positive rate. We demonstrate the application of crumblr to published single-cell RNA-seq datasets for aging, tuberculosis infection in T cells, bone metastases from prostate cancer, and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Compressive Strength of Nigerian Gmelina Arborea Cross-laminated Timber: A combined experimental and probabilistic approach for polyurethane and epoxy resin adhesive bonding
Authors: Yau Yusuf , Ocholi Amana , Kaura Jibrin Mohammed , Lawan Adamu
Published: February 2025

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is gaining recognition as a sustainable alternative to traditional building materials like steel and concrete, offering enhanced structural rigidity and dimensional stability. However, its performance depends heavily on the wood species used. This study explores the potential of Gmelina arborea, a fast-growing hardwood widely cultivated in Nigeria but underexplored for CLT applications. The research evaluates the compressive strength of CLT panels made from Nigerian-grown Gmelina arborea under in-plane and out-of-plane loading conditions. Panels were fabricated using visually graded planks bonded with one-component polyurethane (PUR) and two-component epoxy resin (ER) adhesives. Compressive strength tests were conducted following the BS EN 408:2010 + A1:2012 standard, and reliability analysis was performed using Python and MATLAB to compute reliability indices (β) and probabilities of failure (Pf) via the first-order reliability method (FORM). Results revealed that compressive strength perpendicular to the grain ranged from 11.37 to 13.38 N/mm², while parallel strength ranged from 14.30 to 30.26 N/mm², with PUR-bonded panels exhibiting slightly higher values. PUR-bonded panels achieved a mean perpendicular strength of 12.47 N/mm² compared to 12.24 N/mm² for ER-bonded panels. Parallel strength in the minor direction was higher than perpendicular strength, with PUR and ER panels averaging 18.19 N/mm² and 15.80 N/mm², respectively. The major strength direction showed the highest values, with PUR at 27.86 N/mm² and ER at 26.79 N/mm². Reliability analysis indicated that PUR adhesives outperformed ER, with higher reliability indices (β = 3.6637, Pf = 0.0243%) compared to ER (β = 3.1646, Pf = 0.077641%). These findings highlight the superior structural reliability of PUR-bonded CLT panels.
Predicting postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older cardiac surgery patients: An integrated machine learning approach with a visual nomogram
Authors: Sang Ming , Wei Jianhua , Weng Fengxia , Zhang Ping , Wang Siri , Leng Yanan
Published: February 2025

Objectives
This study integrated machine learning algorithms to identify key risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in older cardiac surgery patients. This study aimed to develop a predictive nomogram to assist clinicians and nurses in identifying high-risk patients and implementing targeted interventions.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted with 353 older cardiac surgery patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Data on demographics, laboratory results, and clinical characteristics were collected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to determine the most relevant predictors for POCD. These predictors were incorporated into a multivariate logistic regression model to construct a predictive nomogram. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.
Results
POCD was observed in 49.86% of patients. Seven independent predictors were identified: surgical approach, pre-existing comorbidities, operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, sleep quality score during ICU stay, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), and self-care ability. These predictors were incorporated into the predictive nomogram; it demonstrated robust predictive performance with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.786. The nomogram exhibited excellent calibration and discrimination. Decision curve analysis confirmed its clinical utility across a broad range of threshold probabilities.
Conclusions
A precise and effective nomogram was developed using the surgical approach, Underlying comorbidities, operation duration, blood loss, ICU sleep quality, APACHE II, and self-care ability as predictors of POCD in older cardiac surgery patients.
Implications for Clinical Practice
This nomogram provides a valuable tool for early detection and prevention of POCD, enabling clinicians to make informed decisions and tailor interventions. Its application can help reduce the incidence of POCD, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of care.
An investigation of the relationship between sleep patterns and suicidal tendencies in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Moghadam Mahboobeh Soleymani , Davarinejad Omran , Hookari Sara , Golmohammadi Farzaneh , Moradinazar Mehdi , Alikhani Mostafa
Published: February 2025

Background
Despite significant advances in medical science, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia remain among the most important psychiatric disorders of the current century. Suicide is a leading cause of death in them.
Purpose
This study aimed to examine and compare sleep patterns among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and their relationship to suicidal behaviour.
Method
The statistical population of the research includes all patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and bipolar disorders who were referred to Farabi Hospital in Kermanshah for treatment during the years 2019–2021. Data on 527 schizophrenia and 325 bipolar patients were collected through a census. Descriptive statistics methods of frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used. Also, a two-sample independent t-test and chi-square test were conducted. All analyses were done with SPSS-24 statistical software at an error level of 5%. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inquiry (PSQI) and Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ-R) were used in this research.
Results
In the current study, sleep quality and suicidal risk were correlated by type of psychiatric disorder. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the two variables. According to these results, 129 patients with schizophrenia and 93 patients with bipolar disorder reported poor sleep quality. Also, the risk of suicidal behaviour was reported at a high level for 316 patients with schizophrenia and 169 patients with bipolar disorder.
Conclusion
Sleep disorders in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder need to be examined further, as early identification and treatment can positively affect a patient's prognosis and quality of life.
Engineered Supercooling Systems for Enhanced Long-Term Preservation of Large-Volume Red Blood Cells in Commercial Blood Bags
Authors: Liu Qi , Wang Shichun , Yan Jie , Diao Ronghua , Huang Haishui , Xu Feng , Yao Chunyan
Published: February 2025

Extending the shelf life of red blood cells (RBCs) is vital for transfusion medicine, yet traditional storage methods like refrigeration and cryopreservation suffer from limitations such as storage lesions and ice-induced damage. We developed an improved supercooling preservation system for large-volume (100 ml) RBC suspensions in commercial polyvinylchloride (PVC) blood bags by minimizing favorable sites of ice nucleation and maintaining precise thermal control at − 8°C. This engineered protocol significantly reduces hemolysis, metabolic degradation, and oxidative stress while preserving RBC membrane integrity and functionality for up to 63 days. In vivo transfusion studies in New Zealand white rabbits demonstrate that supercooling-preserved RBCs achieve higher post-transfusion recovery rates, outperforming conventional storage methods. Our scalable and cost-effective supercooling system integrates seamlessly with existing blood banking infrastructure, addressing critical needs for extended RBC storage and improved transfusion outcomes. This advancement enhances blood supply reliability and patient care, representing a significant breakthrough in transfusion medicine.
Proposed Breast Milk Substitutes Support Policy: Evaluating Its Impact on Public Health and Economic Burden on Low-Income Families in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhumaidan Omar A , Alsaif Mohammed
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the risk of milk unaffordability and its impact on nutrition, economy, and child growth in Saudi Arabia. Using a reference-based analytical approach, this study estimates the magnitude of high-risk populations struggling to afford breast milk substitutes and examines the effects of implementing a support policy to mitigate these risks. Reference values for family income, milk intake, milk cost, milk cost-to-spending ratio, growth rates, and energy requirements were established to guide the analysis. The findings indicate an annual risk rate of 139 children per 100,000 births, with regions such as Tabuk, Asir, Hail, and Najran identified as high-risk areas. At-risk families have an average monthly income of 5281 Saudi Riyal and face milk cost deficits ranging from 45 to 510 Saudi Riyal during the first two years of a child’s life. This deficit translates into shortfalls of 1–10 formula packages per month, particularly during high-demand periods, which affects caloric intake and child growth. Children from low-income families are less likely to achieve Saudi reference growth standards for height (77.6–95.02 cm) and weight (9.09–15.27 kg) at 24 months of age. Implementing a breast milk substitute support policy improved growth outcome, aligning them with the Saudi reference values. This study highlights the importance of integrating nutritional and economic evaluations to inform targeted policies, ensure access to breast milk substitutes, and promote equitable public health interventions.
A Four-Gene Signature from Blood to Exclude Bacterial Etiology of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults
Authors: Falsey Ann , Peterson Derick , Walsh Edward , Baran Andrea , Chu Chin-Yi , Branche Angela , Croft Daniel , Peasley Micheal , Corbett Anthony , Ashton John , Mariani Thomas
Published: February 2025

Unnecessary antibiotic use is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance, an urgent public health threat. There is an unmet need for improved diagnostics for identifying bacterial etiology in acute respiratory infection (ARI). Hospitalized adults with ARI underwent comprehensive microbiologic testing and those with definitive viral (n = 280), bacterial (n = 129), or mixed viral-bacterial infection (n = 95) had whole blood RNA sequencing. A hard-thresholded, mostly relaxed, LASSO-constrained logistic regression model was used to select a parsimonious gene set (ITGB4, ITGA7, IFI27, FAM20A) highly capable of discriminating any bacterial from nonbacterial infection (cross validated AUC = 0.90). The 4-gene signature was validated in two independent cohorts (AUC = 0.90–0.94). Thresholding the 4-gene risk score to yield 90% sensitivity to detect bacterial infection resulted in 71% specificity and 91% negative predictive value. This 4-gene signature defining the absence of bacterial ARI may supplement clinical judgement for management of antibiotics in ARI.
Factors Associated with Corticotomy in Children with Osteomyelitis
Authors: Baskar Danika , Vey Brianna , Jergel Andrew , Braithwaite Kiery , Parikh Ashishkumar
Published: February 2025

Background:
Rapid non-contrast MRI is accurate in diagnosing osteomyelitis. However, prior studies demonstrate that contrast may improve osseous abscess/necrosis assessment to better guide surgical decision-making regarding sampling bone marrow. Our study aims to identify critical associations between clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings with corticotomy status to determine the ideal population for a rapid osteomyelitis MRI.
Methods:
A retrospective review of patients under 18 years old with osteomyelitis was conducted from two children’s hospitals. Demographic data, lab values, operative reports, the presence of intraosseous abscess/necrosis on pre-procedure contrast-enhanced MRI, and corticotomy status were reviewed. Analyses were performed using Wilcoxon rank sum test, Pearson’s Chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test where appropriate with a p-value < 0.05 for statistical significance.
Results:
124 patients with osteomyelitis were analyzed – 81% of patients underwent a corticotomy, and 55% had osseous abscess/necrosis identified on MRI. Of those who underwent a corticotomy, 63% had MRI confirmed osseous abscess/necrosis compared to 21% who did not (p < 0.001). Further, these patients had a statistically significant higher median age and lower WBC counts than those who did not undergo corticotomy. There was no association between corticotomy status and inflammatory lab markers (ESR/CRP), anatomical location, BMI, sex, race, or ethnicity.
Conclusions:
Although patients with osseous abscess/necrosis on MRI were more likely to undergo bone marrow sampling, most patients analyzed still underwent corticotomy – with 81% receiving marrow sampling. Preoperative imaging plays a crucial role, but these findings highlight the importance of the clinical intraoperative assessment in surgical management of pediatric patients with osteomyelitis.
A Crystalline Nitrogen Chain Radical Anion
Authors: Mehta Meera , Lister-Roberts Reece , Galano Daniel , IJzendoorn Bono van , Whitehead George , Brookfield Adam , Bowen Alice M. , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas
Published: February 2025

Long chain nitrogen ions and radicals ([Nn]x+ / [Nn]x–, n > 3) are naturally occurring under the intense radiative conditions of the Earth’s ionosphere, and those of other planetary bodies. However, the strong thermodynamic driving force to lose N2 renders these types of molecules extremely reactive under ambient conditions such that they can typically be studied only under extreme conditions, for example at ultrahigh pressures (10 to >200 GPa). We now report the isolation of a molecule featuring a metal-unsupported {N4}•– unit under ambient conditions which demonstrates remarkable multi-week long persistence in the solid-state. Spectroscopic, crystallographic and computational studies provide insight into the bonding across the {N4}•– chain. Reactivity studies reveal that the chain can cleave into N1 and N3 fragments, and can act as a source of nitrene radical anion, an observation that such molecules could act as storable nitrogen group transfer reagents.
Metronomic vinorelbine combined with durvalumab plus tremelimumab dual immunotherapy in patients with metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Coquan Elodie , Hervieu Alice , Cropet Claire , Saada–Bouzina Esma , Rouge Thibaut De La Motte , Lavaud Pernelle , Meriaux Emeline , Borchiellini Delphine , Crouzet Laurence , Fuerea Alina , Gravis Gwenaëlle , Legrand François , Dassé Emilie , Gonçalves Anthony
Published: February 2025

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a class of immunotherapy drugs that have shown significant success in treating various types of cancers. However, their effectiveness in treating prostate cancer (PC) has been more challenging due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy have immunomodulatory properties that could enhance immunotherapy and is well-tolerated. MOVIE was a phase 1/2 multi-cohort study with a Bayesian design that evaluated the antitumor activity and safety of metronomic vinorelbine with durvalumab plus tremelimumab. Here, we report the results of the PC cohort during phase 2. Fifteen patients with locally advanced or metastatic PC, resistant to conventional therapies, presenting a measurable disease according to RECISTv1.1, and a performance status (PS)≤1, received metronomic oral vinorelbine 40mg three times a week, and durvalumab 1500mg plus tremelimumab 75mg intravenously at day 1 of 28-day cycles. Primary endpoint was the clinical benefit rate (CBR) evaluated using a Bayesian design. Secondary endpoints included safety, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Mean estimated CBR according to a non-informative prior distribution was 12.5% (95% credible interval: 1.7-31.9). One patient achieved PR leading to an ORR of 7.7%, and 4 SD<24 weeks. Median PFS was 1.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7-3.8), and median OS 5.4 months (95%CI: 2.4-12.2). Most frequent treatment-related G≥3 AEs were anemia (13.3%) for vinorelbine, and colitis (20.0%) and diarrhea (13.3%) for ICI. One treatment-related G5 AE (sepsis) was observed. The study outcomes highlighted the complexities of treating advanced PC with ICI, even when combined with metronomic vinorelbine.