bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body Part Highlighting: Exploring two types of embodied practices in two sub-types of showing sequences in video-mediated consultations
Authors: Due Brian Lystgaard , Lange Simon Bierring
Published: October 2020

Consultations in healthcare settings involve an initial phase of “history-taking”, during which the healthcare professional examines the client for symptoms by asking questions, making the client show symptoms on his or her own body, and performing bodily examinations. But how can bodily symptoms be identified when the interaction is video-mediated and sensory access is limited? One key resource here is “body showings”. However, research suggests that video-mediated teleconsultations reduce body showings due to both technical difficulties and sensory obstruction. In this paper, we provide a contrary case that shows two types of practices employed for successful history-taking through body-part showings. Based on an analysis of an “evocative showing sequence” (Licoppe, 2017), we present two types of gestural highlighting practices, via two types of showing sub-sequences: 1) “mimicable body part highlighting”, which occurs in a sequence of “adapting-body-to-frame”; and 2) “direct body part highlighting”, which occurs in a sequence of “adapting-frame-to-body”. The paper uses a single case to discuss how gestures work in a video-mediated context and how sensory judgements are not just a property of the healthcare professional, but are distributed to clients who are able to creatively adapt to situated contingencies in order to accomplish common understanding about the symptoms. The data consist of video-recorded, video-mediated physiotherapy consultations in Denmark, analysed using ethnomethodological conversation analysis (EMCA). The paper contributes to EMCA research on mediated interaction and embodied, gestural and sensorial practices.
Symbolic Implementation of Cultural Participation Programmes
Authors: Nevache Claire , Stanziola Javier
Published: October 2020

THE MOST COMMON CONCEPT OF SUCCESS IN CULTURAL PROGRAMMES IS COLOURED BY DIEHARD RATIONAL ECONOMIC NARRATIVES. PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSES, HOWEVER, HAPPEN WITHIN A SET OF INSTITUTIONS THAT GUIDE THE ACTIONS OF AGENTS WITH SOMETIMES CONFLICTING INTERESTS. IN SOME CASES, THE PURPOSE OF THE PROGRAMME COULD BE DEFINING THESE RULES AND ALLOWING ACCESS TO NEW AGENTS. THIS IS THE CASE IN CULTURAL PARTICIPATION PROJECTS THAT ADDRESS COMPLEX SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DILEMMAS. IN THIS PAPER, WE REFLECT ON OUR EXPERIENCES AS BOTH DESIGNERS AND EVALUATORS OF PANAMA’S 500-YEAR FUND, AN INITIATIVE TO COMMEMORATE THE FOUNDATION OF PANAMA CITY IN 1519. WE EXPLORE HOW THE EXISTING INSTITUTIONS AND AGENTS IN PANAMA CITY’S CULTURAL SECTOR CAME INTO CONTACT WITH PROFESSIONALS DEALING WITH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ISSUES, AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPANTS. WE ARGUE THAT THERE WAS A SYMBOLIC IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS FUND. THIS FACILITATED A RESOURCE-INTENSIVE PROCESS TO REDUCE AMBIGUITY ABOUT GOALS AND WAYS OF WORKING.
Green Aspirations and (Un)Sustainable Detours
Authors: Holm Ditte Vilstrup
Published: October 2020

THE PARTICIPATORY, PUBLIC ART PROJECT ISTEDGADE GREEN SPOTS AND SUSTAINABLE DETOURS WANTED TO ENGAGE SEVERAL HUNDRED LOCAL RESIDENTS TO TAKE PART IN CO-DESIGNING, IMPLEMENTING AND SUSTAINING MULTIPLE GREEN OASES IN AND AROUND THE STREET ISTEDGADE IN CENTRAL COPENHAGEN. THIS ARTICLE CONSTITUTES A QUALITATIVE, REFLEXIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESSES OF DEVELOPING THE ARTWORK WITH A PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE REASONS WHY IT FAILED TO DEVELOP THE AMBITIOUS PROJECT IT ORIGINALLY ENVISIONED. THE ARTICLE DISCUSSES THE PROJECT THROUGH THE LENS OF THE NEW NORMS FOR ARTISTIC PRACTICE THAT HAVE EVOLVED WITHIN SOCIAL PRACTICE ART, A FIELD OF ART WITH A PARTICULAR SENSITIVITY TOWARDS ISSUES OF INVISIBILITIES, INEQUALITIES AND INJUSTICES AND A STRONG ACTIVIST DIMENSION. WHILE HIGHLIGHTING TWO KEY CHALLENGES AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF THE PROJECT, THE ARTICLE ALSO RAISES THE QUESTION OF WHETHER THE SHORT-TERM EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT CONSTITUTES AN ADEQUATE MEASURE FOR THIS TYPE OF INTERVENTION INTO URBAN DEVELOPMENT.
Too Big to Fail?
Authors: Rimmer Mark
Published: October 2020

THIS ARTICLE ENGAGES WITH QUESTIONS OF FAILURE IN CULTURAL PARTICIPATION THROUGH A REFLECTION UPON MATTERS OF INTERPRETATION AND MEANING. THAT IS, RATHER THAN CONSIDERING THE WAYS OR EXTENT TO WHICH CULTURAL PARTICIPATION PROGRAMMES MIGHT ACHIEVE THEIR STATED GOALS, THE DISCUSSION CENTRES UPON THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF REPRESENTATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS IN RELATION TO QUESTIONS OF ‘FAILURE’/‘SUCCESS’. THE DISCUSSION CENTRES UPON ONE CASE STUDY INITIATIVE, ENGLAND'S VERSION OF THE VENEZUELAN EL SISTEMA PROGRAMME, IN HARMONY, AND EMPLOYS FRAME ANALYSIS TO EXPLORE THE WAYS PRESS COVERAGE AND RELEVANT POLICY DOCUMENTS CULTIVATE AN IMAGE OF PROGRAMME ‘SUCCESS’. IN ORDER TO HELP REVEAL SOME OF THE PROBLEMATIC ASSUMPTIONS EMBEDDED IN DOMINANT ACCOUNTS, THE ARTICLE ALSO DRAWS ON ORIGINAL INTERVIEW DATA IN EXPLORING THE MARGINALISED PERSPECTIVES OF PROGRAMME PARTICIPANTS. THE FINDINGS WHICH EMERGE SUGGEST THE NEED FOR PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE SYMBOLIC DIMENSIONS OF CULTURAL PARTICIPATION POLICIES IN RELATION TO QUESTIONS OF ‘FAILURE’/‘SUCCESS’.
Cultural Participation
Authors: Jancovich Leila , Stevenson David
Published: October 2020

THIS EDITORIAL INTRODUCES A SPECIAL EDITION OF CONJUNCTIONS THAT EXPLORES HOW CULTURAL PARTICIPATION POLICIES, PROJECTS, AND PRACTICES COULD BE IMPROVED THROUGH RECOGNISING THE PERVASIVENESS OF PAST FAILURES. IT INTRODUCES CURRENT POLICY DEBATES ON CULTURAL PARTICIPATION AND POSITS THAT THE DOMINANT FOCUS ON ‘CULTURAL DEFICITS’ AND ‘NON-PARTICIPANTS’ RATHER THAN ON HOW ACTIVITIES ARE CURRENTLY FUNDED HAS RESULTED IN A FAILURE TO INCREASE THE NUMBER AND DIVERSITY OF PEOPLE PARTICIPATING IN STATE SUBSIDISED CULTURAL ACTIVITIES. IT FURTHER SUGGESTS THAT A CULTURE OF EVALUATING SUCCESS, RATHER THAN CRITICALLY REFLECTING ON FAILURE, RESULTS IN CULTURAL PARTICIPATION POLICIES AND PROJECTS THAT REPLICATE PAST FAILURES AND MAINTAIN AN INEQUITABLE STATUS QUO.

THIS SPECIAL EDITION ATTEMPTS TO CHALLENGE EXISTING NARRATIVES OF UNQUALIFIED SUCCESS BY OFFERING ALTERNATIVE NARRATIVES THAT CONSIDER FAILURE FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES AND AT DIFFERENT POINTS IN THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CULTURAL PARTICIPATION POLICIES AND PROJECTS. IN DOING SO IT HIGHLIGHTS THE EXTENT TO WHICH SUCCESS AND FAILURE COEXIST AND THE RICHNESS OF INSIGHT THAT COMES FROM CONSIDERING BOTH. THIS MATTERS BECAUSE IT IS ONLY SUCH OPEN AND HONEST CRITICAL REFLECTION THAT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO FACILITATE THE SOCIAL LEARNING NEEDED FOR THOSE WHO CAN EXERT THE MOST POWER IN THE CULTURAL SECTOR TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE EXTENT OF THE STRUCTURAL CHANGE REQUIRED FOR CULTURAL PARTICIPATION TO BE SUPPORTED MORE EQUITABLY.
The Politics of Participation in Cultural Policy Making
Authors: Lechelt Elysia , Cunningham Malaika
Published: October 2020

RECENT ATTEMPTS BY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO ENGAGE IN PARTICIPATORY POLICY-MAKING HINT AT A WILLINGNESS FOR A MORE DEMOCRATICALLY INCLUSIVE APPROACH TO POLICY. HOWEVER, THERE IS OFTEN A GAP BETWEEN THE RHETORIC OF CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT AND THE ACTUAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE POLICY-MAKING INITIATIVES. THERE IS CONCERN THAT, IN CERTAIN INSTANCES, THE TERMS ‘CO-PRODUCTION’ AND ‘PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY’ HAVE BEEN ADOPTED WHILST THE PARTICIPATORY NATURE OF POLICY-MAKING PROCEDURES HAS, IN REALITY, REMAINED VERY LIMITED. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO CONTRIBUTE TO THESE BROADER DISCUSSIONS AND DEBATES AROUND THE DEMOCRATIC NATURE OF ‘CO-PRODUCED’ POLICY PRACTICES. THIS ARTICLE CONSIDERS CALGARY’S RECENT ‘CO-PRODUCED’ CULTURAL PLAN AS A POTENTIAL EXAMPLE OF PARTICIPATORY POLICY-MAKING. USING A FRAMEWORK BASED ON KEY CONCEPTS WITHIN THE DEMOCRATIC THEORY, INCLUDING WORKS BY ARNSTEIN (1969), RAWLS (1971) AND PATEMAN (1970, 2012), WE CONSIDER HOW THE STRATEGY ADOPTS PARTICIPATORY POLICY-MAKING PROCESSES, AND QUESTION HOW THE PLAN’S DEVELOPMENT PROCESS HAS SUCCEEDED AND FAILED IN CREATING MEANINGFUL PARTICIPATION.
Strategic Plan for the Development of the RS Bersalin Grha Mutiara in 2019-2023: Policy Implementation
Authors: Syarahhandi Melsha , Savitri Mieke
Published: October 2020

This research discusses the Strategic Plan for the Development of the RS Bersalin Grha Mutiara in 2019-2023, using the theory of Strategic Planning to observe and evaluate external environmental opportunities and threats as well as the internal strengths and weaknesses of the hospital, to determine the right strategic plan. This study is a qualitative research using primary data, in-depth interviews with informants, observation and decision making with CDMG (Consensus Decision Making Group), and secondary data obtained from the BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics), Dinas Kesehatan Subang (District Health Office) Profile, Profile and Financial Report of RS Bersalin Grha Mutiara. From this study, the position of RS Bersalin Grha Mutiara, according to IE Matrix, is in Cell V (Hold and Maintain) and SWOT Matrix in Quadrant II (Internal Fixed It Quadrant). The matching stage resulted in a Product Development strategy, which, through the QSPM matrix, determine that the chosen strategy would be the development of HCU / NICU / PICU. This plan then elaborated in the implementation plan using the Balanced Scorecard.
Education for Sustainability
Authors: Richardson Megan
Published: October 2020

This article argues for the implementation of Education for Sustainability (EfS) through the Humanities learning areas in primary education, as together they can deliver powerful knowledge, concepts, skills, values and actions that prepare students to create and participate in a more
sustainable future. To overcome barriers to EfS, such as, lack of teacher preparedness, conceptual understanding, enthusiasm and confidence in teaching controversial issues, greater exposure to and experience in EfS not only during pre-service teacher education, but also as continued professional
development, is critical to encourage and support teachers in implementing meaningful and transformative EfS practices into their teaching It is widely recognised that establishing a democratic classroom environment and taking a student-centred constructivist approach to teaching and learning
strategies, including the cooperative learning, questioning, discussion and an inquiry-based learning model, are the best suited processes and pedagogical practices for EfS.
Classroom Behaviour Management: Increase Student Engagement and Promoting Positive Behaviour
Authors: Malik Tanvi
Published: October 2020

Student behaviour and engagement in school is crucial for effective learning. The classroom management approaches are usually categorised into two main groups- reactive and proactive. This article examines classroom behaviour management through the lens of reactive and proactive management
strategies. It reports on the perceptions of different stakeholders regarding low-level disengaged behaviour in the classroom. Also, evaluate some of the strategies teachers employ for managing student behaviour and effectiveness of those strategies. Antecedent behaviour management strategies
have been an effective tool for managing disengaged behaviour. Despite the positive outcomes of antecedent approaches research showed educators employed these strategies occasionally.
A Rare Challenging Case: Chronic Post-traumatic Anterior Instability of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Thumb
Authors: Azzelarb Bennis , Ayoub Bouya , Naoufal ELghoul , Reda Ouzaa Mohammed , Abdeloihab Jaafar
Published: October 2020

The chronic post-traumatic anterior instability of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is a rare medical condition that impairs the pollici - digital clamp as well as the dextrous function of the thumb. Multiple treatment options could be employed. The authors present the case of a young patient who suffers a chronic anterior instability of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb, due to an acute hyperextended trauma. The injury didn’t get adequat treatment. However, a free tendon graft has achieved a good functional outcome.
Rare Localization of a Giant Cell Tumor of the Synovial Sheaths of the Hand: Thenar Lodge with Compression of the Median Nerve
Authors: Reda Badaoui , Ravid Valedemir , Mohamed Boussaidan , Jalal Mekaoui , Jalal Boukhriss , Jalal Boukhriss , Bouchaib Chafry , Driss Benchaba , Mostapha Boussouga
Published: October 2020

The synovial sheath cell tumor (TCGGS) represents the localized form of hemo pigmented villonodular synovitis, which remains a rare tumor in our practice. It occurs mainly in young adults with a predominance of women. It mainly affects the fingers of the hand, its location at the level of the thenar compartment is very rare. Clinically, it has a local expression, which can be summarized as a swelling characterized by slow growth and which may be accompanied by signs of compression at a late stage. An anatomo-pathological examination remains the key element in diagnosis and prognosis. Treatment is based on surgery with complete tumor removal. We report the case of TCGGS of the thenar compartment with compression of the median nerve.
The Evaluation of Relation between Age, Sex and Length of Hospitalization with Recurrent Stroke
Authors: Ameli Hoorolnesa , Zamani Mehr Nahid , Rahnemoon Darya , Taghizadegan Nahid , Hooshmand Farideh , Rahimpour Maryam
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Stroke is sixth leading cause of death in the world. Economically taking care of stroke patients and rehabilitating costs more than those with acute and complicated diseases. Today, recurrent stroke is one of the leading causes of death in those survived stroke previously. Diagnosing the causes of early recurrence would help us promoting secondary prevention and accurately selecting the high risk patients in stroke recurrence. Methodology: In this article, as a cross-sectional descriptive one, is tried to study, extract the demographic data and length of hospitalization of about 600 stroke patients hospitalized in Tabriz Imam Reza Hospital during 2016. Eventually, abstracted data analyzed by spss15.0.0. Result: In this study 617 stroke patients, 403 men and 214 women, were examined. The age average was 62.63 and the average number of hospital days was 19.10. Among 617 patients studied, 22(19men and 3 women) had recurrent stroke. Average age of these patients was 61 and the average of hospital days was 14. Conclusion: Generally, It is worth mentioning that because of data distortion in patients with recurrent stroke, it was impossible to compare those patients with the primitive society.
No one-size-fits-all solution to clean GBIF
Authors: Zizka Alexander , Antunes Carvalho Fernanda , Calvente Alice , Rocio Baez-Lizarazo Mabel , Cabral Andressa , Coelho Jéssica Fernanda Ramos , Colli-Silva Matheus , Fantinati Mariana Ramos , Fernandes Moabe F. , Ferreira-Araújo Thais , Gondim Lambert Moreira Fernanda , Santos Nathália Michellyda Cunha , Santos Tiago Andrade Borges , dos Santos-Costa Renata Clicia , Serrano Filipe C. , Alves da Silva Ana Paula , de Souza Soares Arthur , Cavalcante de Souza Paolla Gabryelle , Calisto Tomaz Eduardo , Vale Valéria Fonseca , Vieira Tiago Luiz , Antonelli Alexandre
Published: October 2020

Species occurrence records provide the basis for many biodiversity studies. They derive from georeferenced specimens deposited in natural history collections and visual observations, such as those obtained through various mobile applications. Given the rapid increase in availability of such data, the control of quality and accuracy constitutes a particular concern. Automatic filtering is a scalable and reproducible means to identify potentially problematic records and tailor datasets from public databases such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; http://www.gbif.org), for biodiversity analyses. However, it is unclear how much data may be lost by filtering, whether the same filters should be applied across all taxonomic groups, and what the effect of filtering is on common downstream analyses. Here, we evaluate the effect of 13 recently proposed filters on the inference of species richness patterns and automated conservation assessments for 18 Neotropical taxa, including terrestrial and marine animals, fungi, and plants downloaded from GBIF. We find that a total of 44.3% of the records are potentially problematic, with large variation across taxonomic groups (25–90%). A small fraction of records was identified as erroneous in the strict sense (4.2%), and a much larger proportion as unfit for most downstream analyses (41.7%). Filters of duplicated information, collection year, and basis of record, as well as coordinates in urban areas, or for terrestrial taxa in the sea or marine taxa on land, have the greatest effect. Automated filtering can help in identifying problematic records, but requires customization of which tests and thresholds should be applied to the taxonomic group and geographic area under focus. Our results stress the importance of thorough recording and exploration of the meta-data associated with species records for biodiversity research.
Croton zambesicus Root Extract Exert Laxative Effect in Rats
Authors: Okokon Jude E. , Bassey Augustine I. L. , Nyong Emmanuel E. , Edem Utibe A.
Published: October 2020

Background: Croton zambesicus Muell Arg. (Euphorbiaceace) is a medicinal plant used traditionally in the treatment of some ailments.

Aim: The root extract of Croton zambesicus was evaluated for effect on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

Materials and Methods: The root extract of C. zambesicus (27-81 mg/kg) was investigated for laxative effect in rats using different experimental models to study its effect on the GIT.

Results: The extract was found to significantly increase the frequency and output of faecal matters in rats in all the experimental models studied.

Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the root extract of C. zambesicus has a significant laxative effect and this supports its use in ethnomedicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders.
Genetic Relationship and Structural Variation of Root Growth Angle for Deep Rooting in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Arulmozhi R. , Joel A. John , Bama K. Sathiya , Boominathan P. , Suresh R.
Published: October 2020

Breeding for drought tolerance revolves around selection of genotypes with desirable root characters. Root pattern studies in rice have shown significant relationship with drought tolerance. In order to understand the effects of deep rooting pattern and root growth angle in relation to water stress was assessed following basket method. The Backcross inbred lines (BILs) of ADT (R) 45*1/Apo and ADT (R) 45*1/Wayrarem with drought QTLs viz., qDTY1.1, qDTY3.1, qDTY4.1 and qDTY12.1 were evaluated for various root traits.  Out of 20 BILs and three parental lines studied four BILs showed high values for root growth at deep angle 65-90 °and yield under drought stress. Based on association studies among the root traits positive and significant correlation was observed between yield and root traits viz., root dry weight, root growth at deep angle 65-90° (RA4), ratio of deep rooting and root length. Clustering of BILs and parents have grouped deep rooting BILs and drought tolerant donors into one cluster and drought susceptible ADT (R) 45 into a separate cluster II which clearly indicates, the importance of deep rooting and yield under drought stress. Strong association of root traits and drought tolerance clearly shows the importance in utilization of these traits as selection criteria for drought tolerance in rice.
Effect of Foliar Application of Growth Regulators on Vegetative and Physiological Growth Parameters in Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague)
Authors: Reddy Y. Rajasekhara , Ramanandam G. , Subbaramamma P. , Dorajeerao A. V. D.
Published: October 2020

A field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2018-2019, at college farm, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laidout in a Randomised Block Design with eleven treatments (viz., T1- NAA @ 50 ppm, T2-NAA @ 100 ppm, T3-GA3 @ 50 ppm,  T4-GA3 @ 100 ppm, T5-Thiourea @ 250 ppm, T6-Thiourea @ 500 ppm, T7-28-Homobrassinolide @ 0.1 ppm, T8-28-Homobrassinolide @ 0.2 ppm, T9-Triacontinol @ 2.5 ppm, T10-Triacontinol @ 5 ppm, T11-(Control) Water spray) and three replications. The treatments were imposed at 30 and 45 DAT in the form of foliar spray. Foliar application of GA3@ 100 ppm (T4) had recorded the maximum plant height (108.20 cm), leaf area (9.53 cm2) and leaf area index (0.74). Foliar application of thiourea @ 250 ppm (T5) had recorded the maximum values with respect to number of primary branches (15.03 plant-1), number of secondary branches (83.40 plant-1), plant spread (1793 cm2 plant-1), fresh weight (376.29 g plant-1), dry weight (103.54 g plant-1) and number of leaves plant-1((298.8). The same treatment (T5) had recorded the highest values with respect to crop growth rate (1.44 gm-2d-1), chlorophyll-a (1.40 mg g-1), chlorophyll-b (0.076 mg g-1) and total chlorophyll contents (1.48 mg g-1) in the leaves.
Tensiometers for Rice Water Footprints
Authors: Bhatt Rajan
Published: October 2020

Water footprints (WFs) of rice are quite higher viz. 992 billion cubic metres per year (Gm3 yr−1) than from the other cereals which further responsible for the lower water productivity. Out of global WFs for crop production viz. 7404 Gm3 yr−1 corresponds to 78 % green, 12 % blue, and 10 % grey water, respectively. Around 3000-4000 litres of water required for one kg of rice grains and conventional puddle transplanted flood irrigations responsible for this. Therefore, there is an urgent need to cut down rice WFs share. Over irrigated pounded water under conventional puddle transplanted rice responsible for the emissions of the green house gases in atmosphere, which further has its own complications. With time, due to excessive withdrawals of the underground water, the water table is declining at a faster rate and seems to be beyond the reach of the middle class rice farmers. Rice water productivity declining day by day due to huge water demand of rice crop followed by reduced yields. A major share of the applied irrigation water lost/evaporate in the atmosphere. Soil water tension controls the soil moisture dynamics and directly linked to the plant need based approach. Being a kharif crop, rice season faces harsh summers and where evaporative demands of atmosphere intensified to many folds and thus, irrigation water has to be applied frequently. Annually additional water of worth US $ 39 million is withdrawn in NW Indian Punjab state for feeding crops, particularly rice. Tensiometer is the only instrument provided to the rice farmers for applying irrigation water judiciously based on the plant need which further cut down WFs from 18 to 22%. This practise where on one side saves irrigation water, improves declining land as well as water productivity of rice, also controlled the emissions of GHGs from the soil.
The ABCG2/BCRP transporter and its variants – from structure to pathology
Authors: Sarkadi Balázs , Homolya László , Hegedűs Tamás
Published: October 2020

The ABCG2 protein has a key role in the transport of a wide range of structurally dissimilar endo‐ and xenobiotics in the human body, especially in the tissue barriers and the metabolizing or secreting organs. The human ABCG2 gene harbors a high number of polymorphisms and mutations, which may significantly modulate its expression and function. Recent high‐resolution structural data, complemented with molecular dynamic simulations, may significantly help to understand intramolecular movements and substrate handling, as well as the effects of mutations on the membrane transporter function of ABCG2. As reviewed here, structural alterations may result not only in direct alterations in drug binding and transporter activity, but also in improper folding or problems in the carefully regulated process of trafficking, including vesicular transport, endocytosis, recycling, and degradation. Here, we also review the clinical importance of altered ABCG2 expression and function in general drug metabolism, cancer multidrug resistance, and impaired uric acid excretion, leading to gout.
High‐grade serous peritoneal cancer follows a high stromal response signature and shows worse outcome than ovarian cancer
Authors: Jacob Francis , Marchetti Rosa Lina , Kind André B. , Russell Kenneth , Schoetzau Andreas , Heinzelmann‐Schwarz Viola A.
Published: October 2020

In the era of personalized medicine, where transition from organ‐based to individualized genetic diagnosis takes place, the tailoring of treatment in cancer becomes increasingly important. This is particularly true for high‐grade, advanced FIGO stage serous adenocarcinomas of the ovary (OC), fallopian tube (TC), and peritoneum (PC), which are currently all treated identically. We analyzed three independent patient cohorts using histopathologically classified diagnosis and various molecular approaches (transcriptomics, immunohistochemistry, next‐generation sequencing, fluorescent and chromogenic in situ hybridization). Using multivariate Cox regression model, we found that PC is more aggressive compared with advanced‐stage OC independent of residual disease as shown by an earlier relapse‐free survival in two large cohorts (HR: 2.63, CI: 1.59–4.37, P < 0.001, and HR: 1.66, CI: 1.04–2.63, P < 0.033). In line with these findings, transcriptomic data revealed differentially expressed gene signatures identifying PC as high stromal response tumors. The third independent cohort (n = 4054) showed a distinction between these cancer types for markers suggested to be predictive for chemotherapy drug response. Our findings add additional evidence that ovarian and peritoneal cancers are epidemiologically and molecularly distinct diseases. Moreover, our data also suggest consideration of the tumor‐sampling site for future diagnosis and treatment decisions.
Color‐Stable, Efficient, and Bright Blue Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cell Using Ionic Exciplex Host
Authors: Bai Rubing , Meng Xianwen , Wang Xiaoxiang , He Lei
Published: October 2020

The lack of high‐performance blue light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) has remained a formidable challenge for fabricating white LECs for lighting applications. Here, a ionic exciplex host is used for color‐stable, efficient, and bright blue LECs by taking advantage of its facilitated carrier injection, bipolar charge‐transport, and efficient energy transfer to the guest dopant. A cationic donor molecule, 1‐(3‐(3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)‐3‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium hexafluorophosphate (tbuCAZ‐ImMePF6), and a cationic acceptor molecule, 1‐(3‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐3‐ethyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium hexafluorophosphate (TRZ‐ImEtPF6), are developed to form the ionic exciplex host. The mixed film of tbuCAZ‐ImMePF6 and TRZ‐ImEtPF6 affords blue exciplex with fast reverse intersystem crossing and thermally activated delayed fluorescence. For the film doped with a blue‐emitting iridium complex, energy is efficiently transferred from the exciplex to the complex. Host‐guest LECs using the doped film as the active layer show stable blue emission color and high current efficiencies of up to 25.8 cd A−1. More importantly, they attain simultaneously high efficiency and high brightness (14.1/17.4/16.8 cd A−1 at 705/872/1680 cd m−2), which are the most efficient and bright host‐guest blue LECs reported so far. The primary host‐guest LEC also exhibits promising operational stability. The work reveals that the use of an ionic exciplex host is a promising avenue toward high‐performance blue LECs.
Preparation of Photoresponsive Film via Electrodeposition Approach for Ready‐to‐Use Solar Thermal Fuel Device
Authors: Zhao Ruiyang , Zhang Yunchao , Mu Jiahui , Yu Chunyan , Pan Yuyu , Zhao Jia , Wang Qizhen , Zhang Shitong , Yang Bing , Liu Fusheng
Published: October 2020

Azobenzene and its derivatives are proposed as promising solar thermal fuel (STF) candidates due to the unique photoinduced trans–cis isomerization. However, the routinely processed azobenzene/inorganic–nonmetal nanocomposite‐based STF usually encounters the problems of close‐packed structure and the poor penetration of UV light, which need a solvent pretreatment charging process before STF application. Electrochemical deposition (ED) is widely used in the preparation of photoelectric functional devices because of its unique polymerization and deposition process. Here, an azobenzene‐based cross‐linking film is successfully prepared from a new functionalized azobenzene derivative, BCz‐BO‐Azo, by ED approach to develop a ready‐to‐use STF film without any pretreatments. The energy density of BCz‐BO‐Azo is 101 J g−1, and the energy storage half‐life of BCz‐BO‐Azo ED film is extended by 750% compared with that of pristine BCz‐BO‐Azo solid. The charged BCz‐BO‐Azo ED film also can release thermal energy to heat up itself quickly under a certain external stimulus. Due to the fast charging process, long energy storage half‐life, and quick stimulated release of the BCz‐BO‐Azo ED film, this kind of ready‐to‐use STF has distinct superiority in daily use, such as self‐defrosting glasses, building wall insulation, and solar energy transport.
Laser‐Annealing of Thermoelectric CuFe0.98Sn0.02O2 Films Produced by Powder Aerosol Deposition Method
Authors: Nazarenus Tobias , Kita Jaroslaw , Moos Ralf , Exner Jörg
Published: October 2020

Powder aerosol deposition (PAD) is a unique coating method that allows the fabrication of dense ceramic films on a variety of substrates at room temperature. This spraying process can produce film thicknesses of several micrometers within minutes without the use of binders or other liquids. Although the functional properties of the well‐adhering films are already present in the as‐deposited state, the functional film properties are often reduced by several orders of magnitude. To recover bulk‐like values, the samples are typically thermally post‐deposition‐treated in a furnace. In contrast, in this work, the films are locally annealed by a frequency‐tripled Nd:YAG laser (λ = 355 nm). A thermoelectric material, doped copper delafossite, is sprayed via PAD and the influence of frequency‐tripled Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the electronic and morphological film properties is investigated in detail. A very thin, glass‐like surface layer forms whose electronic conductivity is three orders of magnitude higher than in the as‐deposited state. This is proven by electrical impedance spectroscopy, microscopic images, and FEA‐simulations.
Metal‐Ion Induced Surface Modification for Durable Hydrophobic Wood
Authors: Song Lian , Zhang Xiong‐Fei , Wang Zhongguo , Bai Yunhua , Feng Yi , Yao Jianfeng
Published: October 2020

Stable and durable hydrophobic wood surfaces hold great potential in the wood industry. However, wood tends to absorb water due to the abundant surface hydroxyl groups. A facile and effective approach is proposed here to construct hydrophobic and damage‐tolerant wood surface by coordinating the hydroxyl groups with metal ions. By immersing the pristine wood blocks into salt solutions and followed by drying, the modified wood surface exhibits a hydrophobic behavior. In particular, the surface of Zr4+ ion modified wood (Zr‐Wood) demonstrates the most dramatic modification effects. The surface vertical to wood growth direction has a water contact angle of 145°, while the surface along the wood growth shows a water contact angle of 139°. Moreover, the wear resistance and durability are explored and the results prove that Zr‐Wood possesses good tolerances against sandpaper abrasions and corrosive solutions. The hydrophilic to hydrophobic transition is ascribed to the formation of metal complexes between ions and hydroxyl groups. Such method is promising for wood preservation and can extend the use of wood.
Amphiphilic Functionalized Oligomers: A Promising Strategy for the Postfabrication Functionalization of Liposomes
Authors: Wölk Christian , Nawaz Hafiz Awais , Maqsood Iram , Strati Fabio , Brezesinski Gerald , Hause Gerd , Schulz‐Siegmund Michaela , Hacker Michael C.
Published: October 2020

Liposomes are promising drug carriers already used in clinical practice, but feasible methods for surface modifications are needed to enhance the application spectrum. This work describes the establishment of the first representative of amphiphilic functionalized oligomers as universal tool for the tuning of liposome characteristics based on a flexible building block strategy. The oligomer binds to liposomes composed of different lipids and modifies the surface characteristics. The charge of neutrally and even negatively charged liposomes is switched to a positive surface charge by grafting liposomes with the novel oligomer to create hybrid vesicles while integrity and structure of liposomes is not affected. The role of the alkyl chain anchors of the oligomer as driving force for formation of hybrid vesicles is demonstrated. The oligomer modification of liposomes is utilized to enhance the biological behavior of the vesicles demonstrated by an enhanced uptake in fibroblasts.
Self‐Limited Ice Formation and Efficient De‐Icing on Superhydrophobic Micro‐Structured Airfoils through Direct Laser Interference Patterning
Authors: Alamri Sabri , Vercillo Vittorio , Aguilar‐Morales Alfredo I. , Schell Frederic , Wetterwald Marc , Lasagni Andrés F. , Bonaccurso Elmar , Kunze Tim
Published: October 2020

Forward facing aerodynamic surfaces such as rotors and wings are susceptible to ice build‐up when exposed to atmospheric icing conditions. If not removed, accumulated ice on aircraft surfaces affects aerodynamics or rotation balance, which can ultimately lead to increased fuel consumption, reduced operational performance and to potentially hazardous situations. Laser surface structuring is proposed as an alternative technology to coatings for achieving icephobic properties and support anti‐icing and de‐icing processes on aerodynamic surfaces. However, to authors’ knowledge, no study available in the literature reports on the icing behavior of microtextured curved aerodynamic profiles and the effect of the laser surface treatment on the electrothermal heating used for ice protection systems. In this work, direct laser interference patterning is employed to fabricate hierarchical micro‐ and nanostructures directly on a non‐planar titanium airfoil. The anti‐icing performance of the laser‐treated airfoil is tested in an icing wind tunnel under simulated atmospheric conditions. The results demonstrate a self‐limiting ice growth, a decrease in the deicing electro‐thermal power up to 80%, and up 60% lower heating power necessary to keep the surface free of ice than on the reference airfoil.
Switchable Underwater Adhesion by Deformable Cupped Microstructures
Authors: Wang Yue , Kang Victor , Federle Walter , Arzt Eduard , Hensel René
Published: October 2020

Switchable underwater adhesion can be useful for numerous applications, but is extremely challenging due to the presence of water at the contact interface. Here, deformable cupped microstructures (diameter typically 100 µm, rim thickness 5 µm) are reported that can switch between high (≈1 MPa) and low (<0.2 MPa) adhesion strength by adjusting the retraction velocity from 100 to 0.1 µm s–1. The velocity at which the switch occurs is determined by specific design parameters of the cupped microstructure, such as the cup width and angle. The results are compared with theoretical estimates of water penetration into the contact zone and expansion of the cup during retraction. This work paves the way for controlling wet adhesion on demand and may inspire further applications in smart adhesives.
Asymmetry‐Based Plasmonic Phase Manipulation for a Compact Far‐Field Optical Lens
Authors: Darak Mayur S. , Mote Rakesh G. , Shukla Shobha
Published: October 2020

Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) enable diffractive focusing of light by controlling its in‐plane transmission. When a plasmonic FZP is illuminated with a linearly polarized light, the component of the electric field perpendicular to the structure yields a split focal spot at the desired focal region and the total electric field is observed to yield the broadened focal spot. Due to broadening of the focal spot, one of the most important characteristics of a focusing structure gets affected, i.e., its resolution. Herein, the concept of geometric asymmetry‐based plasmonic phase manipulation is proposed to obtain focusing in the far‐field domain using plasmonic zone plates (ZPs) with an improved resolution. By directly applying the concept, a 3D phase manipulative ZPs (PMZPs) is proposed. Further, a modified planar version with reduced fabrication complexity, planar phase manipulative ZPs (PPMZPs) is proposed. The finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations are carried out to analyze the focusing properties of the lenses. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the focal spot for PPMZPs reduces by 410 nm, i.e., 0.77λ0 as compared with the FWHM of focal spot for conventional FZPs. The proposed lenses have potential applications in nanoimaging, nanosensing, and nanolithography.
2D Square Octagonal Molybdenum Disulfide: An Effective Anode Material for LIB/SIB Applications
Authors: Barik Gayatree , Pal Sourav
Published: October 2020

The development of high‐performance energy storage devices is of great interest to both the scientific fraternity and has an appalling effect in day to day life. In this regard, square octagonal‐MoS2, a reported structural analog of MoS2, has become very interesting after the successful discovery of graphene. By using plane wave‐based density functional theory, 2D haeckelite structured so‐MoS2 is explored as an appealing anode for lithium‐ion batteries/Na‐ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs). The square MoS2 provides multiple numbers of Li/Na binding sites with high adsorption energies. The computed diffusion pathways and ion migration barriers on the surfaces of the so‐MoS2 probe that the diffusion process is ultrafast in nature. Moreover, at maximum Li/Na concentration, so‐MoS2 gives rise to an electrode that manifests a larger theoretical specific capacity of 670 mAh g−1 both for Li and Na storage, equivalent to that of h‐MoS2. The lithiation/sodiation‐induced voltage range of the so‐MoS2 is quite feasible to be utilized as the anode, which is another vital factor influencing the performance of the LIBs/SIBs. All the above unique features unambiguously suggest that square octagonal MoS2 can become an efficient alternative anode material for rechargeable batteries.
Community‐based conservation and chimpanzee research in Gishwati forest, Rwanda
Authors: Chancellor Rebecca , Rundus Aaron , Nyiratuza Madeleine , Nyandwi Sylvain , Aimable Thierry
Published: October 2020

As great ape populations around the world continue to decline, largely due to anthropogenic activities, conservation programs aimed at supporting these efforts have had mixed success. Here, we evaluate our community‐based conservation program in Gishwati forest, Rwanda, aimed at helping to restore biodiversity and ecosystem services using chimpanzees as a flagship species. We examine the effectiveness of this program on reducing one of the ongoing threats to Gishwati's population of chimpanzees, illegal cattle grazing as well as the program's influence on the size of the chimpanzee population. We monitored illegal cattle grazing during several study periods between 2009 and 2019 in Gishwati forest following the implementation of our conservation program in 2008 that included law enforcement, community engagement, and research components. We found that when our conservation program was active, illegal cattle grazing was reduced to low levels. We also observed an increase in the chimpanzee population size during the 11 years since we started our conservation program. We examine how this reduction in cattle grazing and increase in chimpanzee population size may have been influenced by our community‐centered approach and discuss the future of our conservation work in Gishwati.
Generalized Photon Added and Subtracted f‐Deformed Displaced Fock States
Authors: Faghihi Mohammad Javad
Published: October 2020

In this paper, by making use of the nonlinear coherent states approach, the generalized photon added and subtracted f‐deformed displaced Fock states are introduced. In other words, a natural link between photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states and nonlinear coherent states associated with nonlinear oscillator algebra is obtained. It is found that various kinds of nonclassical states can be generated by adopting appropriately controlling parameters in both linear and nonlinear regimes. Moreover, examining some of the most nonclassical properties such as Mandel's Q parameter, different types of squeezing, namely, quadrature, amplitude–squared and phase entropic squeezing, and Vogel's characteristic function, the nonclassicality features of the considered quantum states of interest are studied. Furthermore, to obtain the degree of quantum coherence, the relative entropy of coherence is investigated. Indeed, the nonclassicality aspects of the states obtained have been numerically studied to understand the roles of deformation functions, photons added and subtracted, and photon number occupied in the Fock state on physical properties. It is demonstrated that the depth and the domain of the nonclassicality features of the system can properly be controlled by selecting the suitable parameters.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bidentate (P^N)Gold(III) Fluoride Complexes: Reactivity Platforms for Reductive Elimination Studies
Authors: Genoux Alexandre , Biedrzycki Michał , Merino Estíbaliz , Rivera‐Chao Eva , Linden Anthony , Nevado Cristina
Published: October 2020

A new family of cationic, bidentate (P^N)gold(III) fluoride complexes has been prepared and a detailed characterization of the gold‐fluoride bond has been carried out. Our results correlate with the observed reactivity of the fluoro ligand, which undergoes facile exchange with both cyano and acetylene nucleophiles. The resulting (P^N)arylgold(III)C(sp) complexes have enabled the first study of reductive elimination on (P^N)gold(III) systems, which demonstrated that C(sp2)−C(sp) bond formation occurs at higher rates than those reported for analogous phosphine‐based monodentate systems.
Host–Guest Exchange of Viologen Guests in Porphyrin Cage Compounds as Studied by Selective Exchange Spectroscopy (1D EXSY) NMR
Authors: Swartjes Anne , White Paul B. , Lammertink Marijn , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Nolte Roeland J. M.
Published: October 2020

Dynamics in complexes of porphyrin cage compounds and viologen‐derived guest molecules are investigated by selective exchange NMR spectroscopy (1D EXSY). Exchange rates were found to be independent of excess guest concentration, revealing a dissociative exchange mechanism, which is accompanied by negative activation entropies, indicating significant reorganization of the host–guest complex during dissociation. Nonsymmetric viologen guests with bulky head groups had more unidirectional binding and slower exchange rates than guests with less‐bulky head groups. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies revealed that the exchange process is primarily driven by the thermodynamics of binding and that guest binding can be influenced by introducing steric and electronic groups on the host . Exchange studies with guests bearing a polymer chain revealed that both slippage and full dissociation takes place and the rate constants for both processes were determined. The slippage rate constant revealed that for smaller guests exchange takes place nearly exclusively under thermodynamic control.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Arylbenzamides
Authors: Cuesta‐Galisteo Sergio , Schörgenhumer Johannes , Wei Xiaofeng , Merino Estíbaliz , Nevado Cristina
Published: October 2020

A nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric reductive hydroarylation of vinyl amides to produce enantioenriched α‐arylbenzamides is reported. The use of a chiral bisimidazoline (BIm) ligand, in combination with diethoxymethylsilane and aryl halides, enables the regioselective introduction of aryl groups to the internal position of the olefin, forging a new stereogenic center α to the N atom. The use of neutral reagents and mild reaction conditions provides simple access to pharmacologically relevant motifs present in anticancer, SARS‐CoV PLpro inhibitors, and KCNQ channel openers.
Rapid Unperturbed‐Tissue Analysis for Intraoperative Cancer Diagnosis Using an Enzyme‐Activated NIR‐II Nanoprobe
Authors: Zhan Yang , Ling Sisi , Huang Haoying , Zhang Yejun , Chen Guangcun , Huang Shungen , Li Chunyan , Guo Wanliang , Wang Qiangbin
Published: October 2020

Accurate intraoperative tissue identification is critical to tumor surgery. However, conventional methods are labor‐ and time‐intensive, which greatly delay the intraoperative decision‐making. Herein, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)14‐activated NIR‐II nanoprobe (A&MMP@Ag2S‐AF7P) is presented for rapid unperturbed‐tissue analysis for ex vivo and in vivo neuroblastoma diagnosis. A&MMP@Ag2S‐AF7P displays negligible fluorescence in normal tissues but is activated quickly by inhibiting the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between Ag2S QDs and A1094 mediated by MMP14 overexpressed in neuroblastoma; meanwhile, the exposure of the membrane penetrating peptide R9 (TAT‐peptide) results in efficient internalization of nanoprobes in the cancer cells, providing superior tumor‐to‐normal (T/N) tissue ratio. Instant illumination of the lesion and well‐defined tumor margins make the nanoprobes a suitable rapid diagnostic reagent for cancer surgical or tissue biopsy procedures.
Synthesis of Nitrile Bearing Acyclic Quaternary Centers through Co(III)‐Catalyzed Sequential C−H Bond Addition to Dienes and N‐Cyanosuccinimide
Authors: Dongbang Sun , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: October 2020

Herein we disclose a three‐component strategy to access quaternary centers bearing nitriles by cobalt‐catalyzed C−H bond activation and sequential addition to internally substituted 1,3‐dienes and an electrophilic cyanating reagent with high regio and stereocontrol. 2‐Aryl and alkyl monosubstituted dienes provide α‐aryl and α‐alkyl α‐methyl‐substituted nitriles, respectively. An even wider variety of functionality can be installed at the quaternary carbon by using 1,2‐disubstituted dienes. The synthetic utility of the nitrile products was successfully demonstrated by various transformations, including conversions to γ‐lactones and tetrazoles. The observed connectivity in the products along with studies with deuterium labeled reactants provide insight into the mechanism. Formation of a 7‐membered cobaltacycle by C−H activation and migratory insertion of the diene is followed by β‐hydride elimination and hydride reinsertion to give a 6‐membered cobaltacycle that then reacts with the cyanating agent.
Cation Additive Enabled Rechargeable LiOH‐Based Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Bi Xuanxuan , Li Matthew , Liu Cong , Yuan Yifei , Wang Hao , Key Baris , Wang Rongyue , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza , Curtiss Larry A. , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil
Published: October 2020

Lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries have attracted extensive research interest due to their high energy density. Other than Li2O2 (a typical discharge product in Li–O2 batteries), LiOH has proved to be electrochemically active as an alternative product. Here we report a simple strategy to achieve a reversible LiOH‐based Li–O2 battery by using a cation additive, sodium ions, to the lithium electrolyte. Without redox mediators in the cell, LiOH is detected as the sole discharge product and it charges at a low charge potential of 3.4 V. A solution‐based reaction route is proposed, showing that the competing solvation environment of the catalyst and Li+ leads to LiOH precipitation at the cathode. It is critical to tune the cell chemistry of Li–O2 batteries by designing a simple system to promote LiOH formation/decomposition.