bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards First Aid Measures Among Medical Students at Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshuwayrikh Abdulrahman , Aljethaily Abdulrahman , Alosaimi Faris , Alshaya Osama , Alasmari Abdullah , Al-Makhdob Mohammed , Alkhonezan Saleh , Khan Salahuddin
Published: March 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards first aid (FA) measures among medical students at the Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and December 2016 among 600 medical students in different academic years at Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University. Knowledge and attitudes towards FA measures were evaluated using a modified version of a previously validated questionnaire. Data were compared between students with previous FA training and those without previous FA training. Results: A total of 259 medical students were included (response rate: 43%). Of these, 43% had previously received FA training and 63% had witnessed an emergency first-hand. Mean theoretical (5.93 ± 2.50 versus 4.49 ± 2.08; P <0.001) and practical (4.29 ± 2.62 versus 2.90 ± 2.17; P <0.001) knowledge scores were significantly higher among students with previous FA training compared to those without training; however, there was no significant difference in mean attitude score (5.60 ± 1.66 versus 5.39 ± 1.66; P = 0.329). Conclusion: The medical students, particularly those without previous FA training, demonstrated weak levels of FA knowledge. Such findings necessitate the inclusion of FA training in medical curricula in Saudi Arabia.Keywords: First Aid; Emergency Treatment; Medical Education; Knowledge; Attitudes; Saudi Arabia.
The Effect of a Self-Efficacy-Enhancing Intervention on Perceived Self-Efficacy and Actual Adherence to Healthy Behaviours Among Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Al-Hashmi Iman , Hodge Felicia , Nandy Karabi , Thomas Elizabeth , Brecht Mary-Lynn
Published: March 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-efficacy-enhancing intervention (SEEI) on perceived self-efficacy and actual adherence to healthy behaviours among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This comparative pre-post study was conducted at the Antenatal Clinic of the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between October 2016 and January 2017. A total of 90 adult Omani women with GDM were randomised to either a control group receiving standard prenatal care or a SEEI group. The SEEI group received an additional health education session and biweekly text messages to encourage adherence to healthy behaviours. All participants completed self-reported standardised questionnaires to determine perceived self-efficacy and actual adherence at baseline and after four weeks. Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences between the control and SEEI groups in mean scores for perceived self-efficacy (122.9 ± 19.9 versus 118.2 ± 19.5; P = 0.26) or actual adherence to healthy behaviours (3.1 ± 1.2 versus 3.2 ± 1.0; P = 0.23). However, after four weeks, there was a significant positive difference between the SEEI and control groups in terms of pre-post change in scores for both perceived self-efficacy (9.9 ± 19.6 versus −1.8 ± 17.6; P <0.05) and actual adherence to healthy behaviours (1.5 ± 1.1 versus 0.4 ± 0.8; P <0.01). Conclusion: The SEEI was found to significantly improve perceived self-efficacy and actual adherence to healthy behaviours among a group of Omani women with GDM.Keywords: Attitude to Health; Health Behaviors; Self Efficacy; Patient Adherence; Gestational Diabetes; Oman.
An Adolescent with Progressive Enlargement of Digits: Case report and proposed diagnostic criteria for macrodystrophia lipomatosa
Authors: Paul Binoy J. , V. Raveendran A.
Published: March 2019

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (ML) is a rare congenital non-hereditary condition caused by an increase in all mesenchymal elements. We report a 14-year-old girl who presented to the Medical Outpatient Department, Kunhitharuvai Memorial Charitable Trust Medical College, Kozhikode, India, in 2017 with progressive enlargement of digits. An X-ray and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan showed enlargement of the phalanges of the middle and index finger of the left hand with an overgrowth of soft tissues. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with ML. As the condition is benign and usually asymptomatic, no medical treatment was deemed necessary. This report describes a case of ML and proposes a set of diagnostic criteria to aid clinicians in the differential diagnosis of the condition.Keywords: Congenital Disorders; Gigantism; Macrodactyly of the Hand; Differential Diagnosis; Case Report; India.
A Case of Pure Matrix Ureteral Stone: A rare type of urinary calculi that may be overlooked
Authors: Elawdy Mohamed M. , El-Halwagy Samer , Razek Yasser A. , Alsenani Abeer R. , Almazroui Sultan
Published: March 2019

Matrix stones are a rare form of urinary calculi with a low mineral content. We report a 63-year-old female patient who presented to the Sohar Hospital, Sohar, Oman, in 2018 with unexplained left flank pain and constipation. She had a history of chronic renal failure (CRF) and had previously undergone haemodialysis (HD). Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) did not show any renal or urinary stones. However, a left-sided ureteroscopy revealed a yellow-coloured stone that was soft in consistency occupying the proximal 5 cm section of the ureter. Many attempts at forceps extraction were required for complete clearance. A global quantitative composition analysis revealed the extracted stone to be composed entirely of protein-matrix material. Matrix stones require a high index of suspicion as they are sometimes radiolucent and cannot be visualised on CT scans. Risk factors include being female and a history of urinary tract infections, CRF and HD.Keywords: Urolithiasis; Ureteral Calculi; Diagnostic Imaging; Ureteroscopy; Case Report; Oman.
Challenging Weak Central Coherence: A Brief Exploration of Neurological Evidence from Visual Processing and Linguistic Studies in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Scher Lisa Jessica , Shyman Eric
Published: March 2019

Previous theories have attempted to locate the root cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in terms of a typical central cognitive processes. However, the field of neuroscience is increasingly finding structural and functional differences between autistic and neuro-typical individuals using neuro-imaging technology which either support or challenge earlier cognitive theories. One main area upon which this research has focused is in visuospatial processing, with specific attention to the notion of “weak central coherence” (WCC), which refers to the tendency of individuals with ASD to be unable to interpret “global” information while hyper-focusing on local information. The current paper offers a brief review of findings from selected studies in order to explore available research that challenges the “deficit” characterization of a WCC theory as opposed to a “superiority” characterization of a strong local coherence.
基于5G的人工智能技术及其发展趋势的探究
Authors: 荟 李 , 丽粤 欧 , 沁 李 , 俊鸽 白 , 凯 盛
Published: March 2019

自随着近年来网络通信和计算机产业的快速发展，人们对智能化应用和服务的需求剧增，人工智能产业得到了广泛重视和应用，与此同时，其对网络质量和速率等要求日益激增。传统网络无法满足高端技术发展需求，人工智能科技逐渐以5G网络为基础发展是大势所趋。本文首先分析研究了人工智能在运用5G网络下的突破性技术，并结合5G关键技术的特点之与人工智能而言的意义，对未来发展趋势进行了探究，为待研发技术未攻破的难点提出了建议，旨在为从事5G和人工智能研究的技术开发人员提供参考。
浅谈在大数据时代下人工智能在计算机网络技术中的应用
Authors: 淇玉 王 , 俊鸽 白 , 荟 李 , 凯 盛
Published: March 2019

在现如今科技飞跃的背景下，计算机网络与信息技术在各个领域中得到广泛的应用，让人们的工作，学习，生活有了质的飞跃。而将人工智能应用在计算机网络技术中将能解决计算机网络中很多的问题，加快科技的进步与发展，带给人们更好的体验，从而促进社会的可持续发展。并且在大数据时代下人工智能已经普遍运用在人们的生活当中，在工作、学习、娱乐等多个方面，都有人工智能的存在。人工智能这一技术的产生和运用，不但丰富了人们的生活，也提高了很多行业的工作效率，让更多的新型行业有了显著性的发展。
浅谈软件黑盒测试方法及测试用例设计
Authors: 婷 雷 , 正德 鲍 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

在当下国家经济高速发展，社会信息化的时代，无论是国家还是企业对软件质量的要求都在不断提高。软件测试是保证软件产品质量和功能完善的重要手段之一，越来越受到人们的重视。黑盒测试作为一种重要的测试策略，在提高软件测试效率上发挥着不可取代的作用。本文就黑盒测试的常用方法及编写测试用例的步骤进行介绍和分析。
浅析反射技术在java开发中的应用
Authors: 超 蒋 , 正德 鲍 , 晨曦 李
Published: March 2019

JAVA反射机制是指在java程序运行状态中，对于任意一个实体类，都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法。对于任意一个对象，都能够调用它的任意方法和属性，这种动态获取信息以及动态调用对象方法的功能称为java语言的反射机制；在java开发中，java反射技术是一门极其重要的技术。尤其是在Java的框架开发中，反射更是框架开发的基石；本文将对java反射技术进行介绍。整个论文结构分为六部分：反射定义、反射实现原理、反射的应用场景、为什么使用反射、一个简单的实例对比、反射的优缺点。
浅谈校园足球的发展阻力
Authors: 巍 陈 , 春梅 兰 , 美伶 池
Published: March 2019

随着中国对足球事业的逐渐重视，足球渐渐成为了人们喜好的体育运动之一。越来越多的小孩甚至成人都加入了足球运动的队伍中来。但在学校中依然有部分管理者认为足球运动的危险系数较高，禁止学生踢足球。这一做法不仅限制了学生的个人爱好，也会对正在蓬勃发展的校园足球事业产生不小的阻力。
热工计量自动检定技术的发展趋势探究
Authors: 东 王
Published: March 2019

在我国良好的经济形势下，伴随信息技术的快速发展，互联网技术得到了普及应用，为工业生产提供了强大的动力。特别是无线通信技术与网络技术的创新发展，热供计量自动检定技术在工业行业的重要性逐渐突显出来。基于此，本文将热工计量自动检定技术作为主要研究内容，重点阐述了此技术的实际应用，希望有所帮助。
Dialogic teaching in Turkish courses: What the teachers say and what they do?
Authors: Aygun Hanife Esen
Published: March 2019

In this research, it is aimed to investigate in depth the thoughts and practices of primary teachers regarding the practice of dialogical teaching. This research is designed as a phenomenological. Within the scope of the study, the researcher examined the conditions under which the experiences of dialogic teaching in the learning-teaching process are realised, focusing on the phenomenon of dialogical teaching. Research data are gathered through interviews and observations. 11 primary teachers participated in the interviews as well as with the observations in the classroom of four teachers. In the analysis of the interview data, Moustakas data analysis technique is used. The findings of the interviews show that teachers care about interaction and try to regulate the learning environment accordingly. On the contrary, the findings obtained from the observations do not support the interviews. It is observed that the learning environment is monologue rather than dialogic.

 

Keywords: Dialogic teaching, primary teachers, interaction in class.
The competency levels of disabled students who study in university
Authors: Godovnikova Larisa V. , Gerasimova Aleksandra S. , Galchun Yana V. , Shitikova Elena V.
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of inclusive education of students with disabilities at the university. The article analyses the study of the readiness of students with disabilities to research activities. The success of studying at a university depends on the psychological readiness of disabled students to educational and professional activities. Research activities are the main type of educational and professional activities. We studied the readiness levels of students with disabilities from the Belgorod State National Research University for the research activities. We obtained interesting data on the levels of the disabled studentsâ€™ readiness to research activities. Most disabled students are not ready for the research activities. Students with disabilities experience difficulties in self-regulation, their goals in research activities are related to internal well-being, the communicative orientation is the leading emotional focus in research activities; the motivation to research activities is reduced. Efforts should be made to improve disabled students' university activities.

Keywords: Disabled students, inclusive education, readiness for research activities, psychological and pedagogical support.
Conflicts in a Children’s Health Camp: Field Research
Authors: Belov Vyacheslav I. , Elkina Daria Yu.
Published: March 2019

The aim of this article is to discuss the conflicts within a particular youth health camp. The analysis has been based on sociological research conducted through non-standard interviews and a participant observation method. The abstract includes an interview schedule. The main subject of research is particular youth health camps counsellors: their emotional state, level of tiredness, conflict-solving competence, which are considered as subjective components of the cause of conflict. The article focuses on 2 types of conflicts that take place in youth health camps: between counsellors and children, and among children themselves. The collected empirical data has been analyzed through comparison of counsellors’ defining characteristics, those who have experience of working in a youth health camp and those who do not. The research followed by analysis identified that experienced counsellors can cope with stress better than newcomers. This is clearly displayed at the beginning of the health camp shift session. By the middle of the shift session the difference becomes less noticeable and almost disappears by the end of the shift session. The empirical data from non-standard interviews is combined in five tables. The results of participant observation are presented as description of conflicts which took place in three health camp shift sessions – that includes age group distribution. The description of conflicts is provided with conflict-solving technique analysis.
Artificial Intelligence: Achievements and Postponed Risks
Authors: Lukyanova Ekaterina D.
Published: March 2019

The article considers the problem of the development of artificial intelligence, its ambivalent impact on society and humanity. There are the description and definition of artificial intelligence, the problem field was defined. We conducted a study of the manifest and latent functions of artificial intelligence, which can provoke postponed risks. We considered the vision of artificial intelligence as a complex socio-biotechnological hybrid and a qualitatively new mechanism of social control. The achievements and risk-based role of artificial intelligence in modern complex society was estimated. Particular attention is paid to the nature of knowledge about the phenomenon of artificial intelligence, acquiring an interdisciplinary character. Some deferred risks related to the functioning of artificial intelligence are indicated. The factors contributing to the creation of a socio-biotechnological hybrid in the form of artificial intelligence are considered in the context of the riskological turn. The risks of a new type of irrational rationality are considered, the cause of which, according to the author, is the introduction of IT and artificial intelligence, the consequences of rationality are given. The problem of the risk of deintimization, depriving a person of opportunities and the right to personal information is noted. That problem may entail new manifestations of alienation in the form of the dehumanization of social and natural realities. due to the introduction in many programs of artificial intelligence. The article deals with the problem of the pluralization of knowledge about artificial intelligence, the use of performance mechanisms that produce fakes, absolutizing positive or negative consequences of the functioning of artificial intelligence. The article summarizes the state of the risks of artificial intelligence at the moment. Recommendations for further interdisciplinary study of artificial intelligence are presented. The article substantiates the importance of the implementation of the risk assessment of the emerging programs based on artificial intelligence.
Chiefdom as a Concept of Sociology: The Complexity of Interpretation
Authors: Davydov Sergey A.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this article is to identify the reasons which limit the conceptualization of the concept of chiefdom, and to find analytical means to overcome it. The author notes that at the present time sociology has developed criteria which facilitate the understanding of chiefdom as a type of social organization and historical stage in the development of society. However, the process of developing an unambiguous interpretation of the concept of chiefdom has not yet been completed. The article suggests that this is a consequence of two main limitations. The first of these lies outside the field of science and is associated with the diversity of the morphology of chiefdoms, with them having accumulated signs of “higher” and “lower” forms of social organization, and with chiefdom being characterized by ambiguity of data. The second limitation is brought forth by science itself, which happened to attach different conceptual grids to various types of chiefdom and had been unable to solve the problem of polysemia of the concepts which underlie the methodological analysis of archaic societies. The author focuses on the problem of “semantic twins” of chiefdom, the existence of which is due to the established tradition of word usage. The problem of identifying such “twins” is solved based on analyzing the social institutions and structures of ancient societies, while relying on the results of archaeological and anthropological studies, texts of literary artifacts. As a result, the author argues that in many cases the barbaric “kingdom” of Western Europe, Asia and Africa, the Eastern European “principalities” and the “empires” of Central Asia and Central America should be called chiefdoms. It is concluded that managing conceptual space allows for expanding the subject field of analysis, enriching the analytical tools of research and as a result discovering new facets of chiefdom as a form of social organization.
Historical-Sociological Notes on “Foreword” written by Pitirim A. Sorokin to F. Tönnies’ “Community and Society”
Authors: Golovin Nikolay A.
Published: March 2019

This article presents an introduction to the publication of “Foreword” (1940) — prepared by P.A. Sorokin (1889–1968), a Russian and American sociologist — for the first American edition of “Community and Society” (1887) by F. Tönnies (1855‒1936), a German sociologist. “Foreword” is examined as a standalone theoretical piece in order to complete the historical-sociological facts and circumstances of its creation and publication, the ideological connections of the text in question with any other theories, and above all — with the sociology created by F. Tönnies. In “Foreword”, which is filled with references to ideas by major representatives of Chinese, European and Arab cultures and to the social values in their ideological heritage, P.A. Sorokin established the universal character of the social organization types introduced by F. Tönnies — “community and society” (“Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft” in German) — and stated his ideological affiliation to this dichotomy. Thus, the project for the theory of society and social evolution by P.A. Sorokin has been shown to cover both social forms introduced by F. Tönnies. The identified social values, which constitute an independent foundation for Sorokin’s theory of society and social evolution, help in developing the gnoseological aspect of his sociology. The writing of F. Tönnies, as well as P.A. Sorokin’s “Foreword”, defined their era. They include multiple points for incorporating new ideas in order to expand and evolve the theory of modern society.
User experience and design thinking as a global trend in healthcare
Authors: Stola Krzysztof
Published: March 2019

Human-centered design describes a process and methodology that begins and ends with accommodating the needs and desires of our end users – the patients, families, providers, and other stakeholders, who each play a crucial role in the innovative healthcare creation process. Based on the desktop research it was found that human-centered design methodologies and tools are trending in the different fields and areas of healthcare design systems. It was found that customer-centric approach is the key fact of innovation creation process whether it is product or service, technology or organization level. The conclusion is that it is time for healthcare to start solving real people problems by implementing the human-centered approach in order to achieve high results and create innovative solutions that will match their customers and stakeholders needs and desires.
PENGARUH POLA PADA SISTEM CAM MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA
Authors: Ariseno Nur Muhammad , Utama Afri Medika , Setiawan Bambang , Djarwanti Noegroho
Published: March 2019

Cakar Ayam Modification System (CAM) has been widely used as one of the solutions to road pavement problems in soft subgrade, although construction costs were initially high, the total costs incurred were smaller due to small maintenance costs. This research analyzes the deflection produced in a triangle patterned CAM system and quadrilateral with variations in the distance between claws of 2.25 m. Loading uses truck loads based on SNI 1725 2016 with three different position variations each in the middle and edge of the pavement. The analysis was carried out using Finite Element Method-based software which has been proven to be able to approach the original conditions in the field. The results of the analysis show that the CAM pattern with triangular pattern is better at reducing deflection that occurs compared to quadrilateral CAM systems. The deflection difference produced by the triangular CAM system against the clawless pavement system reached 36.97% while on the quadrilateral CAM system the difference was only 28.56%.
Bilateral Eccrine Angiomatous Hamartoma with Symmetric Volar Wrist Nodules
Authors: Alexander Clayton , McCarthy Edward F. , Puttgen Katherine B. , Deune E. Gene
Published: March 2019

Case:

We describe a 13-year-old girl with bilateral symmetric eccrine angiomatous hamartoma (EAH) on the volar aspect of the wrists. The lesions were painless and had been enlarging progressively for 1 year; the enlargement of the nodule on the right wrist was more substantial than that on the left wrist. She had palmar hyperhidrosis, which has a known association with EAH.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, bilateral symmetric EAH has been reported only 3 other times in the literature. In all 3 of these cases, the lesions were on the dorsum of the hands or the wrists. We believe that this is the first report of this rare presentation on the volar aspect of the wrist. The symmetry suggests that the lesions may be the manifestation of a systemic or mechanical cause.
Casuística de Diagnósticos do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária no ano de 2014
Authors: Mendes Ricardo Evandro , Rhoden Leandro Anderson , Casagrande Renata Assis , Stedille Fernanda Agustini , Christ Ricardo , Piva Manoela Marchezan
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho apresenta a casuística de diagnósticos no ano de 2014 do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária do IFC Campus Concórdia. Foram 121 diagnósticos em bovinos, 29 em ovinos e 46 em suínos, totalizando 196. Destes, 165 (84,2%) foram através de necropsias e 31 (15,8%) através de amostras formolizadas enviadas por veterinários. Em bovinos as doenças mais incidentes foram endocardite com 6 casos (5,0%), babesiose e peritonite com 5 casos cada (4,1%); e leucose enzoótica bovina com 4 casos (3,3%). Já em ovinos foi hemoncose com 7 casos (24,1%) e em suínos foi circovirose com 9 casos (19,6%); colibacilose com 7 casos (15,2%) e doença do edema com 6 casos (13,0%).
Casuística de Diagnósticos do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária no ano de 2015
Authors: Mendes Ricardo Evandro , Rhoden Leandro Anderson , Gabriel Mateus Eloir , Gris Anderson , Cechin Renan Augusto , Baldi Kelen Regina Ascoli
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho apresenta a casuística de diagnósticos no ano de 2015 do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária do IFC Campus Concórdia. Foram 212 diagnósticos em bovinos, 24 em ovinos e 52 em suínos, totalizando 196. Destes, 211 (73,3%) foram através de necropsias e 77 (26,6%) através de amostras formolizadas enviadas por veterinários. Em bovinos as doenças mais incidentes foram babesiose com 11 casos (5,2%); hemoncose, intoxicação por Pteridium arachnoideume leucose enzoótica bovina cada um com 10 casos (4,7%); e endocardite com 8 casos (3,8%). Já em ovinos foi hemoncose com 5 casos (21,0%) e suínos úlcera gástrica com 6 casos (11,5%); hepatose dietética com 5 casos (9,5%) e doença de Glässer com 4 casos (7,7%).
Casuística do triênio 2013-2015 de atuação do laboratório de Patologia Veterinária
Authors: Mendes Ricardo Evandro , Rhoden Leandro Anderson , Casagrande Renata Assis , Henker Luan Cleber , Schwertz Claiton Ismael , Piva Manoela Marchezan , Stedille Fernanda Agustini , Gabriel Mateus Eloir , Christ Ricardo
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho apresenta a casuística de diagnósticos nos anos de 2013 a 2015 do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária do IFC Campus Concórdia. Foram 399 diagnósticos em bovinos, 68 em ovinos e 149 em suínos, totalizando 616. Destes, 505 (78,7%) foram através de necropsias e 131 (21,3%) através de amostras formolizadas enviadas por veterinários. Em bovinos as doenças mais prevalentes foram babesiose com 16 casos (4,0%); leucose enzoótica bovina com 15 casos (3,8%); endocartite e peritonite com 14 casos cada (3,5%); intoxicação por Pteridium arachnoideum e hemoncose com 13 casos cada (3,3%). Já em ovinos hemoncose com 17 casos (25,0%) e suínos 13 casos (8,7%) de circovirose, 12 casos (8,0%) de doença de Glässer e 12 casos (8,0%) de meningite supurativa.
Deficiência de Selênio como causa de mortalidade em leitões neonatos no Oeste de Santa Catarina
Authors: Mendes Ricardo Evandro , Gabriel Mateus Eloir , Da Rosa Rafael Alves
Published: March 2019

Dentre as alterações clínicas observadas em casos de deficiência de selênio e vitamina E, destaca-se a hepatose dietética em suínos, acometendo geralmente leitões jovens e de crescimento rápido. São escassos os relatos acometendo leitões neonatos. Este trabalho relata três surtos de mortalidade por hepatose dietética em leitões com poucos dias de vida, em granjas do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil, descrevendo as alterações clínico-patológicas encontradas. Os níveis de selênio hepático dos leitões do terceiro surto foram mensurados e encontravam-se cerca de 11 vezes abaixo dos níveis considerados ideais. Determinou-se a quantidade de vitamina E e selênio na ração fornecida às matrizes da granja, sendo que estas estavam de acordo com o recomendado. Sugere-se, então, que a causa da deficiência de selênio, níveis deste mineral nas matrizes, em decorrência a um excesso de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados na alimentação destas fêmeas.Palavras chave: Hepatose dietética, suínos, ácidos graxos poliinsaturados.
Casuística de neoplasias diagnosticadas em bovinos do Oeste de Santa Catarina - um estudo retrospectivo
Authors: Mendes Ricardo Evandro , Stedille Fernanda Agustini , Pozzo Ildo Dal , Broll Fabrisio
Published: March 2019

As neoplasias fazem parte dos diagnósticos estabelecidos em bovinos, a partir de necropsias e fragmentos enviados para análise ao Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária do Instituto Federal Catarinense Campus Concórdia (LPV – IFC). O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar a prevalência de neoplasias em bovinos no período dos três primeiros anos (2013 a 2015) de atuação do laboratório na região Oeste Catarinense. Realizou-se um levantamento de dados nos arquivos, onde foram identificados 46 diagnósticos de neoplasias, correspondendo a 11,4%, dentre um total de 402 bovinos avaliados. Identificou-se ainda, prevalência por raça, sexo, idade e localização anatômica.As neoplasias mais frequentes foram linfossarcoma (32,6%) e o carcinoma de células escamosas (28,1%). Concluiu-se que as neoplasias são uma importante causa de mortalidade e possível fator que leva ao descarte de bovinos, pois representaram um expressivo número dos diagnósticos em bovinos no período de tempo avaliado (3 anos). Em virtude do predomínio da etiologia viral do linfossarcoma e da intoxicação crônica pelo Pteridium arachnoideum no carcinoma de células escamosas, medidas de prevenção e controle deveriam ser instauradas na região para reduzir os prejuízos econômicos.Palavras-chave: Bovinos, neoplasias, diagnóstico.
Atlas de fotos
Authors: Mendes Ricardo Evandro , Casagrande Renata Assis , Rhoden Leandro Anderson
Published: March 2019

Apresenta-se nesse capítulo fotos das principais lesões macroscópicas descritas na casuística do volume 1 do Boletim de Diagnóstico do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária.
INTOXICAÇÃO POR ÁCIDO CIANÍDRICO NO ALTO URUGUAI CATARINENSE - ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO (2013-2017)
Authors: Broll Fabrisio , Bavaresco Lucas H. , Piva Manoela M. , Carneiro Daniele C. S. , Gris Anderson , Cechin Renan A. , Werlang Rafael A. , Gimeses Isabela , Chiocca Raul , Gomes Teane M. A. , Mendes Ricardo E.
Published: March 2019

São consideradas plantas cianogênicas aquelas que contêm como princípio tóxico o ácido cianídrico (HCN). Esta é uma substância muito volátil e considerada como uma das mais tóxicas conhecidamente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a ocorrência dos casos de intoxicação por ácido cianídrico em bovinos no Alto Uruguai Catarinense, diagnosticados pelo Laboratório de Patologia V eterinária (LPV) do Instituto Federal Catarinense – Campus Concórdia. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo dos diagnósticos em bovinos entre 2013 e 2017. Neste período, foram realizadas 641 necropsias em bovinos, sendo que oito foram devido à intoxicações por ácido cianídrico, correspondendo a 1,25%. A partir dos dados coletados, observou-se uma baixa, mas importante ocorrência desse tipo de intoxicação nos animais desta região. É necessária a continuidade nos trabalhos de divulgação e diagnóstico por parte do laboratório e dos profissionais envolvidos com a cadeia bovina da região, para que essas perdas econômicas sejam minimizadas.Palavras-chave: bovino, patologia, pessegueiro bravo, diagnóstico, necropsia.
INTOXICAÇÃO POR NITRATO/NITRITO NO OESTE DE SANTA CATARINA - ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO (2013-2017)
Authors: Neto Eduardo P. , Mingotti Taisson R. , Gris Anderson , Cechin Renan A. , Christ Ricardo , Perosa Fernanda F. , Werlang Rafael A. , Braga Francisco J. , Gomes Teane A. M. , Casagrande Renata A. , Mendes Ricardo E.
Published: March 2019

A intoxicação por nitrato/nitrito é uma enfermidade comum no estado de Santa Catarina, e que leva a morte súbita em bovinos. Trata-se de um distúrbio ocasionado pela utilização excessiva de adubação nitrogenada nas pastagens e condições climáticas adversas, como diminuição de luminosidade ou déficit hídrico, levando ao acúmulo de nitrato na pastagem. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a ocorrência dos casos de intoxicação por nitrato/nitrito em bovinos na região oeste de Santa Catarina, diagnosticados pelo Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) do Instituto Federal Catarinense – Campus Concórdia. Entre os anos de 2013 e 2017, foram diagnosticados por necropsia 10 surtos de intoxicações por nitrato/nitrito. De um total de 641 bovinos necropsiados pelo LPV nesse período, 19 correspondem a essa intoxicação, representando 2,96% da casuística de necropsias e 2,20% da casuística total de diagnósticos (necropsias e histopatológico). Ainda que seja um número expressivo de causa mortis, acredita-se que existam muitos outros casos não diagnosticados pelo LPV, visto que nem todos os animais são remetidos para necropsia. Conclui-se que as intoxicações por nitrato/nitrito são expressiva causa de morte nos rebanhos bovinos da região, devendo serem adotadas medidas de controle e prevenção. Palavras-chave: metemoglobina, patologia, bovino, diagnóstico, necropsia.
INTOXICAÇÃO POR PTERIDIUM ARACHNOIDEUM NO OESTE DE SANTA CATARINA - ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO (2013-2017)
Authors: Mingotti Taisson R. , Alves Felipe D. , Gris Anderson , Cechin Renan A. , Perosa Fernanda F. , Bavaresco Lucas H. , Werlang Rafael A. , Lima Jéssica L. F. de , Gomes Teane M. A. , Casagrande Renata A. , Mendes Ricardo E.
Published: March 2019

Samambaia (Pteridium arachnoideum) é uma das plantas tóxicas mais importantes na criação de bovinos de todo o Brasil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever os diagnósticos de intoxicação por samambaia, em bovinos na região oeste de Santa Catarina, realizados pelo Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) do IFC – Campus Concórdia, no período entre 2013 e 2017. No período, foram realizadas 641 necropsias de bovinos, sendo que 22 dessas tiveram o diagnóstico de intoxicação por samambaia, totalizando 3,4% da casuística total de necropsias em bovinos. Foram 13 casos de síndrome hemorrágica aguda, seis casos de carcinomas de células escamosas na base da língua, esôfago ou rúmen, e três casos de hematúria enzoótica bovina. Apesar dos inúmeros trabalhos científicos a respeito da toxicidade do P. arachnoideum, o número de diagnósticos dessa intoxicação é alto na região, e a planta ainda é facilmente encontrada. A melhor forma de diminuir as intoxicações é o adequado manejo das pastagens e a correta adubação do solo, evitando com que a planta esteja disponível ao consumo dos animais, porém essa informação precisa ser difundida aos produtores rurais.  Palavras-chave: diagnóstico, patologia, samambaia, hematúria, carcinoma.
Arthritis prevention in the pre-clinical phase of RA with abatacept (the APIPPRA study): a multi-centre, randomised, double blind, parallel group placebo-controlled clinical trial Protocol
Authors: Al-Laith Mariam , Jasenecova Marianna , Abraham Sonya , Bosworth Aisla , Bruce Ian N. , Buckley Christopher D. , Ciurtin Coziana , D’Agostino Maria-Antonietta , Emery Paul , Gaston Hill , Isaacs John D. , Filer Andrew , Fisher Benjamin A. , Huizinga Thomas W. J. , Ho Pauline , Jacklin Clare , Lempp Heidi , McInnes Iain B. , Pratt Arthur G. , Östor Andrew , Raza Karim , Taylor Peter C. , Schaardenburg Dirkjan van , Shivapatham Dharshene , Wright Alison J. , Vasconcelos Joana C. , Kelly Joanna , Murphy Caroline , Prevost A. Toby , Cope Andrew P.
Published: March 2019

Trial design: We present a study protocol for a multi-centre, randomised, double blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial that seeks to test the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of a 52-week period of treatment with the first-in-class costimulatory blocker abatacept for preventing or delaying the onset of inflammatory arthritis. Methods: The study aimed to recruit 206 male or female subjects from the secondary care hospital setting across the UK and the Netherlands. Participants aged 18 or over who report inflammatory sounding joint pain (clinically suspicious arthralgia) and who are found to be positive for serum autoantibodies associated with RA were eligible for enrolment. All study subjects were randomised to receive weekly injections of investigational medicinal product (IMP), either abatacept or placebo treatment over a 52-week period. Participants were then followed up for a further 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was defined as the time to development of ≥ 3 swollen joints, or to the fulfilment of the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA using swollen but not tender joints, whichever endpoint was met first. In either case, swollen joints were confirmed by ultrasonography. Participants, care givers, and those assessing the outcomes were all blinded to group assignment. Clinical assessors and ultrasonographers were also blinded to each other’s assessments for the duration of the study. Conclusions: There is limited experience of the design and implementation of trials for the prevention of inflammatory joint diseases. We discuss the rationale behind choice and duration of treatment, the challenges associated with defining the “at risk” state, and offer pragmatic solutions in the protocol to enrolling subjects at risk of RA. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials, ID: ISRCTN46017566. Registered on 04 July 2014.
Assessment of the Deformation of the Outer Nuclear Layer in the Epiretinal Membrane Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Takagi Seiji , Kudo Shigeki , Yokota Hideo , Akiba Masahiro , Mandai Michiko , Hirami Yasuhiko , Takahashi Masayo , Kurimoto Yasuo , Ishida Masahiro
Published: March 2019

Background

We aimed to investigate the deformation of the outer nuclear layer using optical coherence tomography in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) and its relationship with metamorphopsia.

Methods

Thirty-nine eyes from 39 patients with ERM were included in the study. Patients with the subtypes of pseudo macula hole and lamellar hole were excluded. Twenty-one fellow eyes without macular disease were included as normal controls. Forty-nine B-scan images were obtained in the range of 20 degrees around the macula using SD-OCT. The outer nuclear layer (ONL) was evaluated as a three-dimensional image (3D-ONL) reconstructed using the distance between the ONL and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) line. The deformation of the ONL was figured at the reference plane and evaluation plane (ONL-B). The characteristic parameters of the ONL-B were defined as circularity, area ratio, and axis ratio. The correlations between these parameters and visual acuity and MCHART score ratio (MH/MV) were then evaluated.

Results

ONL height was significantly higher in ERM patients than in normal controls (54.1 ± 5.3 μm and 84.1 ± 12.9 μm, respectively; P<0.001). In ERM patients, the MV score was 0.53 ± 0.50, the MH score was 0.71 ± 0.61, and the distance from the RPE line to the ONL-B was 153.5 ±13.5µm. The axis of the ONL-B in normal controls and ERM patients was -6.25±21.8 and -1.28±29.1, respectively, which indicates that the ONL is horizontally long in both normal individuals and ERM patients. The circularity and area ratio were significantly smaller in ERM patients than in normal controls. In all ERM patients, MH/MV had a significant correlation with axis (r=-0.29, p=0.034), circularity (r=-0.28, p=0.044), area ratio (r=-0.47, p=0.001). Moreover, we found that the correlation was more significant if the subjects had an axis of the ONL within ± 10 degrees (n=16); the correlations of MH/MV with axis (r=-0.29, p=0.034), circularity (r=-0.53, p=0.021), and area ratio were more significant (r=-0.78, P<0.0001).

Conclusion

The ONL is horizontally long in normal individuals and ERM patients. The direction of metamorphopsia is correlated with the direction of ONL deformation.
Cognitive behavioural therapy augmented with virtual reality exposure for treatment of social anxiety: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Arnfred Benjamin , Bang Peter , Hjorthøj Carsten , Winding Clas , Møller Kirsten , Hvenegaard Morten , Gausbøl Ulrik Krog , Sø Ditte , Rosenberg Nicole , Nordentoft Merete
Published: March 2019

Background

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) has high lifetime prevalence, early onset and long duration or chronicity. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has best evidence for treatment effect and planned exposure is considered one of the most effective elements of CBT in SAD. However, in vivo exposure can be difficult to access and control and is sometimes rejected by patients because they expect it to be too aversive. The use of virtual reality allows exposure to challenging situations in an immersive, but also protected, flexible and controlled environment.

Methods

The design is an investigator initiated randomized, assessor-blinded, parallel group and superiority designed clinical trial. 302 patients diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, will be included from two psychotherapeutic outpatient clinics at Mental Health Center Copenhagen. All patients will be offered a manual-based 14-week CBT group program, including eight sessions of exposure therapy. Patients will be randomised with concealed allocation sequence to CBT augmented with virtual reality exposure or CBT. Patients will be assessed at baseline, post treatment and at one-year follow-up by researchers blinded for treatment condition. The primary outcome will be social anxiety measured with Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Secondary outcome measures will be depression, social functioning, and patient satisfaction. Exploratory outcomes will be substance and alcohol use, working alliance and quality of life.

Discussion

The SO REAL trial will be the hitherto largest trial investigating the use of virtual reality as augmentation of CBT and the results may guide future clinical treatments.

Trials registration
The project was registered at clinicaltrials.gov on 02/19/2019 as NCT03845101. Can be found online at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03845101
Radiotherapy versus radiotherapy combined with temozolomide in high-risk low-grade gliomas after surgery:Study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Peng Xingchen , He Yan , Guan Hui , Mu Xiaoli , He Ling , Wang Ying
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
It has been reported that radiation therapy followed by PCV chemotherapy (procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine) could improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with high-risk WHO grade 2 gliomas after surgery. However, procarbazine is not available in China. In clinical practice, Chinese doctors often use radiotherapy combined with temozolomide to treat these patients, though large-scale prospective studies are lacking. This trial aims to confirm whether RT combined with temozolomide (TMZ) can improve PFS and OS in patients with high-risk low-grade gliomas (LGGs).

Methods/design
This is a two-group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) enrolling patients who have low-grade (WHO grade 2) gliomas aged 40 years or older without regard to the extent of resection or younger than 40 years old with subtotal resection or biopsy. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to receive radiation therapy (RT) alone or RT plus temozolomide chemotherapy in a 1:1 ratio. The same RT will be given to all eligible participants regardless of whether they are randomly assigned to RT group or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) group. While in the CRT group, patients will receive adjuvant TMZ with or without concurrent radiochemotherapy. The primary outcome of this trial is progression-free survival and it will be analyzed by intention-to-treat (ITT). Secondary outcomes include OS, adverse events and cognitive function (CF).

Discussion
The objective of our research is to assess the effect of radiotherapy coupled with temozolomide in high-risk LGGs after surgery, compared with RT alone. Different histological types and molecular subtypes will be examined and subgroup analysis will be conducted based on them. Our data can provide evidence for postoperative adjuvant therapy in Chinese high-risk LGGs.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800015199. Registered on 13th March, 2018. http://www.chictr.org.cn
Evaluation of the surveillance system for invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in the Netherlands, 2004 – 2016
Authors: Brandwagt Diederik A.H. , Ende Arie van der , Ruijs Helma (W.) L.M. , de Melker Hester E. , Knol Mirjam J.
Published: March 2019

Background
Enhanced surveillance for confirmed cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) was introduced in the Netherlands in 2003, in which reference laboratory data (NRLBM) are linked with notification data (OSIRIS). The quality of surveillance information is important for public health decision making. Our objective was to describe the system and evaluate it for data completeness and timeliness. Methods Cases reported in the surveillance system from 2004 to 2016 were included. For the notification data, we used information on serogroup, vaccination status, mortality, and country of infection as indicators for record completeness. Notification times to regional and national level were calculated using the reported dates available in the notification database.  Results A total of 2,123 cases were reported in the years 2004-2016, of which 1.968 (93%) were reported by the reference laboratory and 1.995 (94%) in the notification system. Of all cases, 1.840 cases (87%) were reported in both systems and could be linked. The serogroup was known in 86% of the notified cases, and was significantly higher (94%) in the years 2013-2016. Information on vaccination status, mortality and country of infection was available in 88%, 99% and 97% of notified cases, respectively. Regional notification of cases occurred within one working day for 86% of cases and 98% were notified nationally within three days.  Conclusions A well performing IMD surveillance system was demonstrated and serogroup completeness has improved over the years. Underlining the need for reporting to both the clinical and laboratory surveillance system remains important to further improve the overall performance in supporting public health response and vaccination policy.
New Insight into Genotypic and Phenotypic Relatedness of Staphylococcus aureus Strains from Human Infections or Animal Reservoirs
Authors: LISOWSKA-ŁYSIAK KLAUDIA , KOSECKA-STROJEK MAJA , BIAŁECKA JOANNA , KASPROWICZ ANDRZEJ , GARBACZ KATARZYNA , PIECHOWICZ LIDIA , KMET VLADIMIR , SAVINI VINCENZO , MIĘDZOBRODZKI JACEK
Published: March 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is a common human and livestock opportunistic pathogen, and there is evidence of animal to human transmission. This paper aimed to recognize properties of the isolates from collections of human and livestock S. aureus strains and to estimate compatibility of results based on phenotypic tests, microarrays and the spa typing methods. The second goal was to study differences between human and animal isolates in terms of specificity of their hosts and the strain transmission among various hosts. Most strains showed multi-susceptible profiles and produced enzymes on a high level, and they were phenotypically and genetically similar. However, in contrast to the Polish bovine mastitis strains, the Slovakian strains were multi-resistant. In this research, the strains showed significant differences in terms of their phenotypic manifestations and the presence of hemolysins genes; however, other enzyme-encoding genes correlated to a higher extent with the microarrays results. Interestingly, there was a lack of enterotoxin genes in human Poultry-like protein A+ strains in comparison to other human strains. Our study showed that differences between virulence profiles of the human and animal strains correlated with their origin rather than their hosts, and any trait allowed clearly distinguishing between them based on the microarray results.
The Influence of Temperature and Nitrogen Source on Cellulolytic Potential of Microbiota Isolated from Natural Environment
Authors: WITA AGNIESZKA , BIAŁAS WOJCIECH , WILK RADOSŁAW , SZYCHOWSKA KATARZYNA , CZACZYK KATARZYNA
Published: March 2019

Bacteria from the genus Bacillus are a rich source of commercial enzymes, including amylases, proteases, cellulases, glucose isomerase, and pullulanase. Cellulases account for 15% of the global market of industrial enzymes; thus, new microorganisms producing cellulases in a higher concentration and new ingredients, which can enhance the level of enzyme synthesis, are still needed. Many of cellulose-degrading microorganisms have been isolated so far and characterized in various regions of the world. In this study, we were looking for the bacteria isolated from the natural environment with the high cellulolytic potential, which could be used as components of a biopreparation to accelerate decomposition of postharvest leftovers in agriculture. The 214 bacterial strains were isolated from environmental samples rich in cellulose and their ability to synthesize cellulases were examined using the diffusion method. Six strains, which have the highest diameter of clearing zone both for biomass and supernatant, were selected for identification. Optimization of biosynthesis of the cellulose-degrading enzymes indicated that optimal temperature of this process fluctuated in the range of 21–42°C (depending on the strain and carbon source). The highest cellulolytic activity was observed for the isolates designed as 4/7 (identified as Bacillus subtilis) and 4/18 (identified as Bacillus licheniformis) in a temperature of 32°C. With the use of a desirability function methodology, the optimal medium composition to achieve a simple, cost-efficient process of cellulases production was developed for both strains. These experiments show that microorganisms isolated from natural environmental samples have unique properties and potential for commercial applications (e.g. for biopreparations production).