bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identify the potential pathways and candidate biomarkers of stroke associated with bipolar disorder: Bioinformatics and system biology approach
Authors: Hosen Md. Faruk , Basar Md. Abul , Yasmin Mst. Farjana , Hasan Md. Rakibul , Uddin Muhammad Shahin
Published: October 2024

The field of computational bioinformatics and systems biology analysis is growing rapidly as a result of advanced bioinformatics tools. Bipolar Disorder (BD) is one of the most serious psychiatric illnesses that affect both adults and adolescent. In recent years the danger of stroke is expanded in people with BD. Stroke and BD diseases are interrelated. Background studies suggest that BD and stroke share a large number of biochemical as well as genetic characteristics. The aim of this study was to explore the association between genetic variations and the two aforementioned disorders.as well as and to construct a PPI network or identical channel. For this reason, common genes are discovered to identify shared pathways. Based on biochemical, molecular, and genetic interactions between shared genes, this study finds the most important hub genes. Observing these associations, the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network, Topological properties analysis, Enrichment Analysis, Co-Expression network, Gene regulatory network (GRN), and also physical interaction network are displayed. Thus, this will help to compare the biochemical and genetic characteristics of BD and Stroke. The interaction of proteins with drug compounds allows for the efficient creation of drugs for this study. Finally chemical experiments may be used to further verify the efficacy of these drugs.
Reticulating Node-Linker-Modulator Chemical Spaces for Modular Design of Glasses and Liquids
Authors: Zhao Yingbo , Liu Ying , qi chenghang , Ma Rui-fang , zhu yihui , Yin Zheng , Zeng Ming-Hua , Liu Gengxin
Published: October 2024

Network-forming glasses linked up by molecular building blocks through strong bonds are emerging new materials that can combine the processability of glasses and modular designability of reticular frameworks. The key challenge to achieve modular designability and structural diversity for molecular network-forming glasses arise from their strong and directional linkages between molecular building blocks restricting configurational motion needed for vitrification and liquification. Herein, we show that introducing network modulators can facilitate configurational motion by dynamic exchange and reduction of network connectivity, which represent a highly generic strategy to facilitate the vitrification of networks linked with strong bonds. Consequently, node-linker-modulator represent a generic formula for synthesizing molecular network-forming glasses, which can be applied both for metal-organic networks and covalent organic networks. The modular designability of the node-linker-modulator chemical spaces is demonstrated with titanium, zirconium and boron-based nodes, various multi-dentate alcohol linkers and monodentate alcohol modulators. Systematically tuning the modulator ratio gives universal scaling of viscosity and heat capacity jump associated with glass transition, which clearly shows how modulator would increase glass forming ability. The modular designability is exploited for rationally synthesizing fluorescent molecular network-forming glasses with high quantum yield, which can be integrated into electroluminescent devices. The current development represents an important expansion of reticular chemistry into the regime of glassy materials.
Changes in the hematological profile, hepatic biomarkers, antioxidant capacity, and digestive functions of Sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) fed diet supplemented with dietary nucleotides
Authors: Taklu Meigol , Islami Houman Rajabi , Shekarabi Seyed Pezhman Hosseini , Mousavi Seyed Abdolmajid , Jourdehi Ayoub Yousefi
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the effects of dietary nucleotides (NTs) on hematological indices, hepatic biomarkers, antioxidant capacity, digestive functions, and intestinal histomorphology of Sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus). Over 10 weeks, five diets with varying NT levels (0 g/kg, 1.5 g/kg, 2.5 g/kg, 3.5 g/kg, and 5.0 g/kg) were fed to triplicate groups of fish (initial weight: 95.33 ± 1.23 g) in a flow-through system. Results indicated no significant differences in RBC, Hb, MCHC, HCT, and EOS among groups (p > 0.05). The highest WBC count was seen in fish on the 3.5 g/kg NT diet compared to the control (p < 0.05). Serum hepatic enzyme levels generally decreased with higher NT supplementation, although ALT increased significantly at the 5.0 g/kg level (p < 0.05). Antioxidant capacity improved in fish fed 0.25 and 0.35 g/kg NTs (p < 0.05), while serum MDA decreased with up to 3.5 g/kg NTs but increased at 5.0 g/kg (p < 0.05). Protease and amylase activity peaked in fish receiving 3.5 g/kg NTs (p < 0.05), with lipase activity highest at 2.5 g/kg NTs (p < 0.05). Intestinal histology revealed that fish on the 3.5 g/kg NT diet exhibited the greatest villi height and width, along with more goblet cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study indicated the optimum dietary level of NTs for positive effects on physiometabolic responses and intestine functions of the Sterlet sturgeon lies in the range of 2.2–3.6 g/kg.
Chronic Absenteeism After the Pandemic: Evidence from Brazilian Students
Authors: Lichand Guilherme , Klotz Lucas , Lopes Lêticia , Grochoki Luis Filipe de Miranda
Published: October 2024

This paper provides first-hand evidence that chronic absenteeism (the share of students who miss 10% of classes or more during a school year), increased drastically in low-and middle-income countries like Brazil after the pandemic. Drawing on official attendance data for the universe of students whose households are eligible for Bolsa Família – the country’s flagship conditional cash transfer program –, we document that chronic absenteeism nearly doubled in 2022-23 relative to 2018-19, now affecting ~23.3% of low-income students and still on the rise even after in-person classes resumed. A novel nationally representative survey documents that such patterns are similar in the general student population. Using a triple-differences strategy, which contrasts public to private school students within municipalities in São Paulo State that authorized the former to resume in-person classes already in 2020 vs. those that did not reveals that, different from the US, returning to in-person classes earlier caused higher chronic absenteeism after the pandemic – inconsistent with the latter being driven by the erosion of attendance norms. Rather, students report recurring health
issues and lack of motivation in face of dramatic learning losses as the most common reasons
for missing classes.
2D single-faceted IrO2(101) monolayer enabling high-performing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis beyond 8,000 h stability at 1.5 A cm-2
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Yang Deren , Zuo Shouwei , Tan Aidong , Zhang Chunyang , Qin Yufeng , Shi Xiaoyun , Hua Kang , An Xuemin , Liu Yubo , Yue Yang , Jin Louyu , Zhang Yipeng
Published: October 2024

Both commercially available and laboratory-synthesized IrO2 catalysts typically possess rutile-type structures and diverse facet orientations. According to the theoretical results from density functional theory calculations, distinct IrO2 facets will result in divergent electrocatalytic properties, among which the (101) crystal facet is theoretically predicted as the most energetically favorable for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to its lowest energy barrier. Maintaining a single-unit-cell thickness while exposing a desired facet of 2D IrO2 presents a significant opportunity and challenge for the development of high-performance OER anode catalysts. Herein, we develop an ammonia-induced facet engineering for oriented modulation of crystal facets in the ultimate limit of monolayer thickness, and successfully synthesize 2D monolayer IrO2 exposing unique (101) facet. At the current density of 10 mA cm-2geo, an ultralow overpotential of 230 mV has been achieved on the highly activated (101) facet in a three-electrode system. More importantly, in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, the IrO2 anode reaches a low voltage of 1.74 V at an industrial-level current density of 2 A cm-2geo, much lower than that of all commercial IrO2 electrocatalysts. Though facet engineering primarily contributes to modulating the intrinsic activity rather than stability, the as-prepared IrO2(101) monolayer performs over 8,000 hours of PEM water electrolysis (PEMWE) stability at constant 1.5 A cm-2geo, with a negligible decay rate of 4.0 mV kh-1. Furthermore, even a long-term PEMWE test of 1000 h using the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with ultra-low Ir loading of 0.2 mgIr cm-2geo under fluctuating operating conditions is performed, ECell remains highly electrochemically stable over time at 1.5 A cm-2geo, without any signs of catalyst degradation. This work proposes that ammonia-induced facet engineering of 2D monolayer IrO2 could represent a novel approach to selectively expose the desired (101) facet, thereby enabling unique facet-dependent OER performance and ultrahigh stability in industrial-scale PEM electrolysis, even under voltage fluctuations generated by solar and wind power.
Predictive value of simplified insulin resistance assessment indicators for metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese without established diabetes
Authors: Zhang Xuebing , Li Xiaoran , Wang Ge , Li Jiayue , Mu Yiming , Wang Lianjie , Wang Shidong
Published: October 2024

Objective To investigate the predictive value of simplified insulin resistance (IR) assessment indicators for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals without established diabetes.
Methods A total of 16,621 subjects from Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, were recruited for the study from November 2011 to August 2012. Data on demographic information, lifestyle, history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, anthropometric indices, and biomarkers were recorded. MetS was diagnosed based on the diagnostic standards of the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) MetS (2020 edition). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive power of different simplified IR assessment indicators, including the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), plasma TG-to-HDL concentration ratio (TG/HDL-C), TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), and TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) for MetS, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.
Results Among men, the area under the curve of the simplified IR surrogate index for MS was as follows: TyG-WC > TyG-WHtR > TyG-BMI > TyG = TG/HDL-C. Among women, the ranking was TyG-WC > TyG-WHtR > TyG-BMI > TyG > TG/HDL-C ratio. The AUC for TyG-WC were 0.900 and 0.905 for men and women, respectively. The optimal TyG-WC was 779.8 in men and 746.3 in women.
Conclusions TyG, TG/HDL-C ratio, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR can be used to predict MetS risk. Among them, TyG-WC was a more powerful predictor of MetS than the other four indexes.
Exploration of m7G Modification Level and Immune Infiltration Characteristics in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Wu Haicong , Lu Lingling , Guo Yujia , Chen Yu , Fang Jian , Li Zhaoshen
Published: October 2024

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is closely associated with immune disorders influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The role of post-translational modifications in PSC remains to be explored. In this study, we analyzed 20 differentially expressed m7G-related genes between 220 PSC patients and 320 healthy individuals. Through three clustering strategies, we identified that m7G Cluster A and Gene Cluster B exhibited similar biological processes and immune cell infiltration patterns, primarily involving macrophages, T lymphocytes, and pathways related to infection, tumor transformation, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Notably, these clusters were linked to higher m7G scores, indicating a potential relationship between m7G RNA and the pathogenesis and progression of PSC. Furthermore, we identified eight key m7G-related genes and constructed a nomogram model to predict the risk of PSC, providing insights into its underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applications.
A Comparative Study Assessing the Confidence of Doctors in Conventional vs Artificial Intelligence Assisted Radiological Diagnoses for Patient Care
Authors: Puzhakkal Ilfa Fida , Shah Shripal , Nair Supriya , Patel Parth K. , George Abhina , Adya Vidhi , Koumbem Arsene
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into radiology has shown promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, yet the confidence of doctors in AI-assisted diagnosis remains uncertain. AI's potential to streamline workflows and detect complex abnormalities is widely acknowledged, but skepticism persists regarding its reliability and the potential disruption of traditional radiological practices. This study aims to assess global doctors' confidence in AI-assisted radiology and explore factors influencing their acceptance of AI technologies.
Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional survey involved 384 doctors from diverse clinical settings worldwide. A self-administered questionnaire captured demographic data, confidence in AI versus conventional radiology, and perceptions of AI in clinical practice. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results:
The majority of participants (66.7%) expressed higher confidence in conventional radiologist-led diagnoses compared to AI-assisted interpretations. Confidence in AI tools averaged 5.35/10, with limited AI training (16.9%) and lack of trust (13%) as the primary challenges. Participants with more experience reported greater confidence in interpreting radiographs independently and relied less on radiologists. Common challenges in conventional radiology included delays (35%) and limited access to radiologists (26%). AI was seen as beneficial for routine cases but not yet trusted for complex diagnoses, with only 36.7% believing it will eventually surpass human expertise.
Conclusion:
Doctors continue to favor conventional radiologist-led diagnostics over AI-assisted tools due to concerns about trust, reliability, and insufficient training. While AI holds potential for improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing time constraints, widespread adoption requires overcoming significant barriers. Radiologists remain crucial in clinical decision-making, and AI will likely serve as a supplementary tool until confidence in its capabilities improves.
Examination of Anatomic Formations and Their Variations Located in Sinonasal Area by Multidetector Computerized Tomography
Authors: Dogmus Sumeyra , Karabulut Ahmet Kagan , Fazliogullari Zeliha , Dogan Nadire Unver
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study aims to identify the anatomical structures and variations in the sinonasal region of patients who were admitted to otorhinolaryngology clinic at Selçuk University Medical Faculty Hospital and to compare these findings according to gender and lateralization.
Methods
Multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) scans on axial and coronal planes from the archives of 200 patients (113 males, 87 females; mean age 30; age range 4–72) who had not any surgical procedures or trauma history to the sinonasal region were examined. Several variations were identified and these variations were compared in terms of gender and lateralization.
Results
In this study, the most frequently detected variation was agger nasi cells (73.5%), followed by septal deviation (67.5%), pneumatization of the middle nasal concha (47.5%), frontal sinus septum (43.5%), hypertrophy of the inferior nasal concha (42%), onodi cell (36.5%), haller cell (29.5%), septal spur (29.5%) and sphenoid sinus septum (23%).
Conclusion
The sinonasal area is one of the most common areas with anatomic variations. Recognition of anatomic variations of the nose and paranasal sinuses helps to preventing complications and achieving better surgical results.
The Impact of Electroacupuncture Combined with Extracorporeal Ultrasound on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Random Clinical Study
Authors: Cai Luoyang , Li Yu , Xu Yue , Huang Hai , Xu Jianguo , Zhang Lijun
Published: October 2024

Objective
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) represents a rich repository of empirically developed traditional medicines. Electroacupuncture(EA) therapy is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine. It calls for more rigorous study into the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of TCM remedies to strengthen the evidence base. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with Extracorporeal Ultrasound (EU) in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA).
Methods
A cohort of 110 KOA patients, admitted to The Second People's Hospital of Yichang from February 2024 to August 2024, were randomly assigned to either a control group or an observation group, each consisting of 55 individuals. 10 patients were excluded due to tuberculosis, tumor and intolerance to acupuncture treatment or EU. The control group received standard care for KOA, while the observation group underwent EA and EU intervention for a period of 2 weeks. Parameters such as pain level, knee joint function, symptom score, therapeutic efficacy were assessed pre- and post-intervention to determine the efficacy of the interventions.
Results
Initially, there were no significant differences in pain level, knee joint function, symptom score, therapeutic efficacy between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Post-intervention, both groups showed improvements in these parameters, with the observation group demonstrating superior outcomes. Specifically, pain VAS scores and symptom scores in the observation group was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05), but KOOS scores and clinical efficacy in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The combination of EA and EU can significantly alleviate the symptoms of joint pain in patients with KOA, improve knee joint function, enhance the quality of life, and has superior therapeutic effects compared to celecoxib and sodium hyaluronate.
Integrated analysis of M2 macrophage-related gene prognostic model and single-cell sequence to predict immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Meifang , Wang Zhiping , Huang Bin , Lai yanyun , Zhang Meng , Lin Cheng
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients have high heterogeneity. The significance and clinical value of M2 macrophage related genes in LUAD require further exploration. We aimed to construct a prognostic signature to predict the immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis in LUAD.
Methods
GSE26939 and GSE19188 chips were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis were used to screen M2 macrophage-related prognostic genes. A signature based on M2 macrophage-related prognostic genes was established and used to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in LUAD.
Results
Twenty-two M2 macrophage-related genes associated with the prognosis of LUAD were confirmed using WGNNA, and then two molecular subtypes were identified with significant different survival, gene expressions and clinic characteristics were classified. LASSO analysis identified nine M2 macrophage-related prognostic genes to establish a risk signature, classifying patients into low- and high-risk groups. Data indicated that low-risk patients had better survival. Moreover, the signature was an independent prognostic factor for LUAD and a potential biomarker for patients receiving immunotherapy. Single-cell transcriptome analysis may provide important information on molecular subtypes and heterogeneity.
Conclusions
Risk signature based on M2 macrophage-related genes is a valuable tool for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in patients with LUAD.
Culturally competent doctors start here: Investigating the impact of a cultural diversity course on Korean medical students
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Minh , Park Yon Chul
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Cultural diversity (CD) plays a crucial role in healthcare, influencing patient outcomes and reducing health disparities. In regard to diversity, the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) principle is indispensable. This study examined the changes in understanding cultural diversity after a course was completed at a medical school in Korea.
Methods: A quasiexperimental study was employed to investigate the change in student attitudes toward cultural diversity after completing the Cultural Diversity (CD) course. A total of 85 first-year medical students were selected as the study participants and were surveyed via a 14-question survey at two points: before the commencement of the course and after its completion. The data were analyzed quantitatively via paired sample t tests to observe changes over time.
Results: The overall average scores for all the questions from all the students after completing the course were higher than those before the course. However, among the 14 questions, questions 2, 3, 4, and 9 showed statistically insignificant differences (p > 0.05). The overall average scores for all the questions from the students increased after they completed the course. However, for four specific questions—questions 2, 3, 4, and 9—the differences between the pre- and postcourse scores were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Additionally, the independent variables, including age, gender, religion, and income level, did not have a statistically significant relationship with the dependent variable, which is the change in scores from pretest to posttest.
Conclusions: Students demonstrated positive changes after completing the course, indicating a need for further research to assess the effectiveness of this class.
LTGAN: Lighting Transfer GAN for Fine Makeup Transfer
Authors: Song Yifei , Wang Yongfang
Published: October 2024

Most existing makeup transfer methods ignore the effect of lighting conditions, resulting in imprecise and unnatural results of makeup transfer. To address this issue, in the paper, we propose a Lighting Transfer Generative Adversarial Networks (LTGAN) for makeup transfer, which includes Lighting Transfer Module (LTM), Facial Feature Encoder (FEEnc), Detail Refining Encoder (DREnc), Makeup Transfer Module (MTM) and Makeup Apply Decoder (MADec). First, lighting transfer is proposed to transfer the lighting of the source image to the reference image, reducing the impact of reference image lighting on makeup transfer. Second, DREnc is introduced to capture both global/local and multi-level features by combining CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining) image encoder and attention model. Third, Hybrid Loss Function is proposed to achieve fine local makeup transfer by introducing a local loss function based on facial masks. In particular, ConvNeXt V2 block network is introduced to both FEEnc and MADec to achieve more accurate feature map extraction. Finally, we also consider the neck as a part of makeup to obtain a new facial mask by fusing the mask of the neck with the original mask of the face, thereby making the overall effect of makeup transfer more natural. Compared to other existing approaches, the experimental results show that the proposed fine makeup transfer model based on lighting transfer retains more information from the source image, and avoids interference from irrelevant reference image information on makeup transfer to attain more natural and state-of-the-art makeup.
Analysis of the plane stress state by combined ultrasonic waves
Authors: Albuquerque Lucas Gabriel Sousa , Figueiredo Gleydson , Costa Ednelson Silva , Machado Paulo Cordeiro , Braga Eduardo de Magalhães
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the measurement of the residual stress state in ASTM A131 steel plates using a non-destructive technique based on the combination of ultrasonic waves. The method combines shear and compressive waves to more accurately assess the stress state of the material after heat application via TIG welding. Measurements were taken at different points on the plate using transducers attached to a stepper motor, which enabled the rotation of the transducer and precise determination of the wave propagation angle. The results showed that residual stresses were more concentrated near the weld zone and the supports that held the sample, while areas farther away showed significantly lower stresses. The technique proved effective in measuring the residual stress state, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, which often estimate only the differences between principal stresses. This approach has the potential to be applied in various industries, particularly in sectors that require accurate stress evaluations in structural components, such as naval construction. The combined use of shear and compressive waves offers a non-destructive and highly precise alternative to ensure the integrity and durability of materials.
Primary cell culture from embryos of the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum
Authors: Hassan Afrah , Zancolli Giulia
Published: October 2024

Background
Spiders have emerged as valuable models in evolutionary developmental biology, but primary cell cultures from spider embryonic tissues have not been fully explored. In this study, we describe the first successful long-term cultivation of embryonic cells from the common house spider, Parasteatoda tepidariorum. We initiated five independent primary cultures using mechanical and enzymatic dissociation methods, comparing two culture media, Leibovitz’s L-15 and Grace’s Insect Medium, under varying pH conditions.
Results
Cultures exhibited diverse cell morphologies, including round cells in suspension and elongated, neuron-like cells. The most successful culture, initiated with Grace’s medium at pH 7, was passaged four times and maintained for over six months. We also tested collagen type I-coated wells to improve cell adhesion. Our results indicate that P. tepidariorum embryonic cells proliferate better at pH 7, and Grace’s medium supports long-term growth, while L-15 promotes more cell differentiation.
Conclusions
This culture system provides a valuable platform for functional genomics studies, with potential applications in evolutionary and developmental biology research.
Valuing water provisioning services in England: A regionalized application of the System of Environmental Economic Accounting--Ecosystem Accounting framework in the context of Natural Capital Accounting
Authors: Bogra Shelly
Published: October 2024

This research provides the first comprehensive physical water-use tables for England at the regional level, within the framework of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA-Water). These tables quantify both the flows and values associated with the beneficiaries. The key novelties include: (i) development of ``first experimental quantification" of `green water' associated with agriculture and forestry in England, lacking in official statistics (ii) attributing biomass and forestry provisioning valuation to water-services appropriated by the land under these services, and (iii) first estimates of monetary valuation based on `Non-Tidal Surface Water' and `Ground water' used in other sectors of England, thus going beyond the monetary valuation of `Public water supply' use reported in official statistics. The study also offers insights on discounted valuation of water-provisioning' role in agricultural and forestry produce. Key limitation is lack of condition metrics at regional level, owing to lack of water-quality and water-pollution accounting at the regional scale. Key areas for future investigations include: provision of recent statistics of water-abstraction for England; segregation of recreational services related to water-based cultural service; disclosure of monetary valuations of regional abstraction licenses granted for uses other than `Public Water Supply'; disclosure of methodological reports enabling valuation of water ecosystem services; including information on different discounting rates, time-period; information on return-flows to enable development of water-supply accounts and degradation and/or depletion of local reservoirs; and provision of latest water-use, water-supply, and water-pollution statistics for England and other regions of the UK, namely, Scotland, Wales, and Northern-Ireland, among others.
Regulation of mRNA Export by Key Signaling Pathways and its Implications for Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation and Potency: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shafi Viqas
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study focuses on the regulatory role of mRNA export in embryonic stem cell (ESC) potency and differentiation, vital processes for developmental biology. It investigates how various signaling pathways influence mRNA export and their implications for regenerative medicine and cancer treatment.Background: Signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt and MAPK/ERK are recognized for their roles in cell behavior; however, their influence on mRNA export regulation remains inadequately explored. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions could enhance the control of ESC differentiation and identify novel therapeutic targets for mitigating oncogene expression in cancer.Methods: A systematic review was conducted, utilizing databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and various open access/subscription journals, to gather pertinent articles on the regulation of mRNA export during embryonic development and its effects on ESC differentiation and potency. The literature search was unrestricted by publication date. Following specific criteria outlined in the methodology section, relevant studies were analyzed to shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which signaling pathways interact with the mRNA export machinery and their consequences for cell behavior and lineage-specific gene expression. The investigation adhered to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews.Results: The findings indicate that a range of signaling pathways—specifically, Nuclear Transport, PI3K-Akt, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, TGF-β, mTOR, p53, cAMP/PKA, and JNK—significantly regulate mRNA export throughout embryonic development. These pathways interact with export machinery components, such as NXF1 and TREX, and RNA-binding proteins like ALYREF, to modulate the export of mRNAs associated with pluripotency and differentiation. Notably, activation of pathways like PI3K-Akt and mTOR enhances the export of lineage-specific mRNAs, thereby promoting ESC differentiation, while inhibition of pathways such as JNK and p53 maintains pluripotency by decreasing differentiation-associated mRNA export.Conclusion: This investigation underscores the critical roles of key signaling pathways in regulating mRNA export during embryonic development. By influencing export machinery components, these pathways modulate ESC pluripotency and differentiation. Targeted manipulation of these pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for advancing stem cell applications and regenerative medicine.
Monitoring heart rhythms in adult males with X-linked ichthyosis using wearable technology: a feasibility study
Authors: Wren Georgina , O'Callaghan Peter , Zaidi Abbas , Thompson Andrew R. , Humby Trevor , Davies William
Published: October 2024

Background: The rare dermatological condition X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is typically caused by Xp22.31 microdeletions and has recently been linked to a substantially-increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias; arrhythmias predispose to multiple health conditions with long-term implications including heart failure, stroke, and accelerated cognitive decline. To optimise therapeutic outcomes, there is a need to identify individuals experiencing arrhythmias at an early stage, ideally using non-invasive, convenient, cost-effective, and reliable wearable technology methods.
Methods: We tested the feasibility of monitoring heart rhythms using an Apple Watch Series 8 in five adult males from the United Kingdom previously diagnosed with XLI. Participants were asked to return routine electrocardiogram (ECG) traces from the watch three times per week over an eight week period (plus any traces associated with watch alerts indicating arrhythmic episodes) for review by experienced cardiologists. Feedback was also obtained from participants on the perceived usability/wearability of the watch/app, and on the requirements of the study.
Results: Participants were generally happy with undertaking the study procedures and found the watch/app straightforward to use; consequently there was a very high data return rate (>95%). Some minor suggestions were made regarding protocol improvements. There were few issues with wearability of the watch, including with respect to skin irritation, although one participant did report finding the sensation of wearing the watch continuously somewhat overwhelming. Three participants exhibited no ECG abnormalities, but two presented with ventricular ectopic beats (VEs); one participant presenting with a particularly high burden of VEs was advised to contact his doctor. Only one watch ‘alert’ ECG was returned, and this was considered normal sinus rhythm, suggesting the possibility of ‘false positive’ calls.
Conclusions: Screening for cardiac rhythm abnormalities using smartwatches in the high-risk adult male XLI population appears useful, feasible, and acceptable to patients and a larger-scale clinical trial may be warranted (as may a similar feasibility trial in younger males with XLI). Potentially, such devices may be more suited to detecting persistent abnormalities rather than unpredictable, acute, arrhythmic episodes. The presence of high numbers of VEs in some participants with XLI is consistent with the idea of septal defects mediating arrhythmia risk.
Мир героя в тексте и вне его (О понимании воинской добродетели Геракла)
Authors: В.К. Пичугина
Published: October 2024

В разделе книги обсуждаются образы Геракла-лучника, присутствующие в текстах античных авторов и на керамике VII–IV вв. до н.э. и дающие представление об изменении понимания воинской добродетели через противопоставление лучников и гоплитов. Из корпуса источников выбраны те, которые позволяют представить особенности образовательного пути героя, и исключены тексты и изображения Геракла, совершающего подвиги. Традиционно образ Геракла рисуется как образ воина, сражающегося разными типами вооружения, но отдающего предпочтение луку. Калейдоскоп образов Геракла начинается от образов ребенка, который не побоялся напасть луком на богов, до взрослого героя, который часто вел себя как ребенок и совершал множество преступлений с использованием лука (напр., убийства наставников — Эврита и Хирона). Превознесение или порицание героя за выбор лука было следствием ряда факторов: развития древнегреческого военного дела, переосмысления воинской доблести Гомером и другими античными авторами, острых переживаний военных конфликтов (напр., битвы при Платеях). Традиция веками связывала Геракла с луком, который рассматривался и как символ арете, и как орудие труса, очерчивая все новые и новые контуры пайдеий героя.

This book section presents the images of Heracles as an archer, present in the ancient texts and on ceramics of the 7th – 4th c. BC. These images give an idea of the change in the understanding of military virtue through the opposition of archers and hoplites. From the corpus of sources, only those have been selected that allow us to present the features of the educational path of the hero, and texts and images of Heracles performing feats are excluded. Traditionally, the image of Heracles is drawn as an image of a warrior fighting with different types of weapons, but preferring a bow. The kaleidoscope of images of Heracles starts from images of a child who was not afraid to attack the gods with a bow, to an adult hero who often behaved like a child and committed many crimes using a bow. The latter include the murders of mentors — Eurytus and Chiron. The exaltation or condemnation of a hero for choosing a bow was the result of a number of factors: the development of ancient Greek warfare, the rethinking of military prowess by Homer and other ancient authors, and acute experiences of military conflicts (for example, the Battle of Plataea). Tradition for centuries associated Heracles with a bow, which was either seen as a symbol of an arete, or as a coward’s tool, outlining more and more new contours of the hero’s paideia.
Ментальная картина мира ал-Идриси
Authors: И.Г. КОНОВАЛОВА
Published: October 2024

Раздел книги посвящен проблемам интерпретации средневекового географического текста, в частности, реконструкции методов работы средневекового автора с целью воссоздания ментальной картины мира, лежащей в основе его сочинения. Этот вопрос рассматривается на примере всемирной географии арабского ученого XII в. ал-Идриси «Отрада страстно желающего пересечь мир» (Нузхат ал-муштак фи ихтирак ал-афак, 1154). Рассмотрены применявшиеся ал-Идриси принципы распределения материала по различным частям трактата, система авторских отсылок, критерии достоверности и приемы сопоставления сведений из различных источников, сочетание традиционной и новой информации в составе тех или иных сообщений. Делается вывод о творческом подходе ал-Идриси к источникам, в основе которого лежало стремление автора в максимальной степени провести принцип последовательности и полноты изложения. Именно поэтому главным структурообразующим элементом текстовой части сочинения ал-Идриси стали маршрутные данные, которые в ряде случаев отражали не действительное положение вещей, а пространственные представления самого географа, его способ интерпретации исходного материала.

This book section is devoted to the problems of interpreting a medieval geographical text, in particular, to reconstructing the methods of work of a medieval author in order to recreate the mental picture of the world that underlies his work. This question is considered on the example of the world geography of the outstanding Arab scholar of the 12th century al-Idrīsī “The book of pleasant journeys into faraway lands” (Kitāb Nuzhat al-Mushtāq fī’khtirāq al-āfāq, 1154). The principles of distribution of material in different parts of the treatise, the system of authorial references, the criteria of reliability and methods of comparing information from different sources, the combination of traditional and new information in the composition of certain messages are considered. The conclusion is made about creative approach of al-Idrīsī to his sources, which was based on the author’s desire to implement the principle of consistency and completeness of presentation to the maximum extent. That is why the main structure-forming element of the text part of the treatise was the route data, which in a number of cases reflected not the actual state of affairs, but the spatial ideas of the geographer himself, his way of interpreting the source material.
К вопросу опересмотре устаревших истин: “Pseudodoxia epidemica...” (I, 6–9) Томаса Брауна
Authors: Г.В. Шпак
Published: October 2024

В разделе книги публикуется перевод избранных глав научного трактата “Pseudodoxia Epidemica...” (I, 6–9) английского врача и натуралиста Томаса Брауна (1605–1682). Выбор глав обусловлен их аналитической составляющей, направленной на переоценку значимости трудов авторов прошлого. Позиция Т. Брауна относительно пересмотра научного наследия сложилась на фоне общих трансформаций, происходивших в области знания в Англии в конце XVI и первой половине XVII веков. Это был период, когда такие идеологи экспериментального метода, как Ф. Бэкон и У. Гилберт, отстаивали необходимость личной перепроверки свидетельств прошлого, а такие схоласты, как Г. Гудмен и А. Росс, заявляли о превосходстве свидетельств древности над субъективной информацией, основанной на недостоверном личном опыте. Эти главы позволяют оценить роль, которую сыграл в этом процессе Т. Браун, который являет собою как бы связующее звено между схоластом-перипатетиком и экспериментатором-натурфилософом.

This section of book presents a translation of the chapters of the scientific treatise “Pseudodoxia Epidemica...” by the English physician and naturalist Thomas Browne (1605–1682). The choice of chapters is due to their analytical component, aimed at reassessing the significance of the works of authors of the past. T. Browne’s position regarding the revision of the scientific heritage is due to the general transformations occurring in the field of knowledge in England at the end of the 16thand first half of the 17th centuries. It was a period, when such ideologists of the experimental method as F. Bacon and W. Gilbert defended the need for personal re-verification of the evidence of the Past, and such scholastics as G. Goodman and A. Ross declared the superiority of the evidence of antiquity over subjective information based on the unreliable personal experience. These chapters make it possible to evaluate the role played in this process by T. Browne, who is in some way a transitional link between the Peripatetic scholastic and the experimentalist natural philosopher.
«Славянский мир как он есть»: концепция панславизма Г.А. Ильинского в контексте интеллектуального наследия отечественной школы славистики
Authors: В.А. Болдин
Published: October 2024

В разделе книги рассматривается эволюция взглядов отечественных ученых-славистов в начале XX века. В центре внимания фигура Григория Андреевича Ильинского (1876–1937), будущего академика и одного из виднейших историков-славистов своего поколения. В начале XX века Ильинский был активным участником петербургского кружка «Славянская беседа», ставившего перед собой задачу объединять студентов высших учебных заведений для научных собеседований по славянским делам, а также выработки нового славянского мировоззрения, способного отвечать вызовам эпохи. Свою позицию Ильинский изложил в статье «Что такое истинное славянофильство?» (1901), вышедшей на страницах издаваемого в Вене журнал «Славянский век» (1900–1904). Взгляды Ильинского демонстрируют эволюцию панславистских политических концепций в начале XX века: отказ от старых славянофильских трактовок славянской идеи, а также пересмотр роли России в славянском мире. Впервые публикуется полный текст статьи Г.А. Ильинского «Что такое истинное славянофильство?», сопровождаемый научным комментарием.

This book section examines the evolution of the views of Russian Slavic scholars in the early 20th century, focusing on Grigory Andreevich Ilyinsky, a future academician and one of the leading Slavic historians of his time. At the turn of the century, Ilyinsky was an active member of the St. Petersburg intellectual group “Slavic Conversation”, which aimed to bring together students for discussions on Slavic topics and to develop a new Slavic ideology that could address the challenges of their time. Ilyinsky articulated his position in the paper “What is True Slavophilism?”, which was published in the “Slavic Century” journal, which was published in Vienna between 1900 and 1904. Ilyinsky’s views demonstrate the evolution of Pan-Slavic political ideas in the early 20thcentury. It challenges the traditional Slavophile interpretation of Slavic idea and reevaluates Russia’s role within the Slavic world. This is the first time that the complete text of “What is True Slavophilism” has been published, accompanied by a scholarly commentary.
ПОНЯТИЕ «НАДЛЕЖАЩЕГО ПО ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВАМ» (καθῆκον κατὰ περίστασιν) В РАННЕЙ СТОИЧЕСКОЙ ЭТИКЕ
Authors: А.В. СЕРЁГИН
Published: October 2024

В разделе книги предлагается перевод и подробный анализ раннестои-ческих фрагментов, относящихся к понятию «надлежащего по обстоятель-ствам», которое в целом предполагает, что в особых обстоятельствах должными могут становиться такие действия, которые обычно являются недолжными. Исследуются вопросы о нормативных основаниях, стоящих за «надлежащим по обстоятельствам», характере этих обстоятельств, а также о том, кто именно по мнению ранних стоиков может и должен его совершать — только мудрецы или и немудрецы тоже.

This part of the book offers a translation and a detailed analysis of early Stoic fragments concerning the notion of “circumstantially appropriate actˮ, which in general suggests that under special circumstances, actions that are normally not appropriate may become appropriate. The questions of the normative grounds behind “circumstantially appropriate actˮ, the nature of these circumstances, and who exactly in the opinion of the early Stoics can and should perform it — only sages or non-sages too — are investigated.
Effects of Plant Population on Yields of Once-over Harvest Collards (Brassica oleracea L. Acephala Group)
Authors: NeSmith D.S.
Published: October 2024

`Vates' collards (Brassica oleracea L. Acephala Group) were grown during Fall 1995 and 1996 at two row widths (0.76 and 0.91 m) and five in-row spacings (0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.46, and 0.61 m) to determine the effect of plant population density on once-over harvest yield. Resulting plant populations ranged from 1.8 to 8.8 plants/m2. Yields differed considerably between years, with 1995 yields overall being only 36% of those in 1996. Yields during 1996 increased with plant population up to a population density of 5.3 plants/m2, after which little additional yield increase occurred. Individual plant leaf dry mass declined linearly with increased plant population density. Stem dry mass also declined with increasing plant population density, but not as much as did leaf dry mass. Leaf: stem dry mass ratio remained constant until density exceeded 5 plants/m2, after which a linear decline in the ratio was observed. These results suggest that populations of five to seven plants/m2 for once-over harvest of whole-plant bunch collards tend to optimize both yield and crop quality, especially under favorable cropping conditions.
Growth Regulator Effects on Plant Height of Potted Mussaenda `Queen Sirikit'
Authors: Cramer Christopher S. , Bridgen Mark P.
Published: October 2024

Mussaenda L., a tropical ornamental shrub developed in the Philippines, has been examined as a potential potted floriculture crop in the United States because of its showy white, picotee (white with pink margins), pink or red sepals and fragrant, yellow flowers. However, the profuse upright growth habit of some Mussaenda cultivars is undesirable for pot plant culture. Three growth regulators, daminozide (B-Nine), ancymidol (A-Rest), and paclobutrazol (Bonzi), were applied at two commercially recommended rates and two application methods (spray vs. drench) to determine their effects on plant height. Treatments (all concentrations as active ingredients) were daminozide spray (2500 or 5000 mg·L-1), ancymidol spray (33 or 66 mg·L-1), ancymidol drench (0.25 or 0.50 mg/pot), paclobutrazol spray (25 or 50 mg·L-1), and paclobutrazol drench (0.125 or 0.25 mg/pot). In subsequent experiments, the same growth regulators were applied at higher concentrations and in either two or three applications. The most attractive potted plants were produced with two spray applications of daminozide at 5000 mg·L-1 or two drench applications of ancymidol at 0.5 mg/pot. Higher concentrations or additional applications excessively reduced plant height. Paclobutrazol sprays or drenches at any concentration or application number were ineffective for controlling plant height. Chemical names used: a-cyclopropyl-a-(4-methyoxy-phenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); succinic acid 2,2-dimethyl-hydrazid e (daminozide); B-[(4-chIorophenyl)methyl]-a-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).