bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parametric analysis and its effect on machinability for Incoloy 800 with copper electrode
Authors: Patel Dhaval A. , Patel Harsh D. , Parikh Hiren B.
Published: July 2024

In Electric Spark Machining, choice of manufacturing constraints is a necessary feature. This Electrical Spark Machining is an advanced process in all manufacturing processes. For the manufacturing of sophisticated parts, which require accurate machining that time Electric Discharge Machining used. A super alloy, heat-treated tool steel, ceramics, heat resistance steels etc. which are tough to machining. For this, we use Electric Discharge Machining which also known as Electric Spark Machining. Incoloy alloy set in the group of super stainless steels. The main element of this Incoloy alloy is nickel-chromium-iron with other extra copper, molybdenum metal. High solidity at high peak temperature and super resist of erosion is the main feature of Incoloy alloy. Vast application of Incoloy 800 is like Heat exchangers, Carburizing equipments, Heating elements and nuclear steam generator tubing. In our research, we use hollow, flat, convex and concave electrode profile for machining of Incoloy 800.MRR and TWR are the parameters we analyze after the experiment.
Heavy metal toxicological analysis of vegetables cultivated in sewage-irrigated soil in the Indian metropolis of Ahmedabad City, Gujarat
Authors: Mohanty Bibhabasu , Patel Yogesh , Dhamsaniya Meet
Published: July 2024

Using wastewater for irrigation poses a significant health risk. We measured the concentration of (cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc) in wastewater, soil, and vegetation at 8 sites along a 60 km stretch of the Sabarmati River in Ahmedabad city. An evaluation of the potential danger from consuming contaminated vegetables was conducted using Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Target Cancer danger (TCR).

The average concentration of the metals Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn exceeds the maximum permitted limits for irrigation purposes as established by regulatory bodies. The heavy metals in the collected soil sample are ranked in descending order of concentration as follows: Zn > Mn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Co. The average metal concentrations in vegetables range from 0.10-11.3 µg g-1 for Co, 5.2-11.8 µg g-1 for Cr, 0.04-9.9 µg g-1 for Cu, 12.3-110 µg g-1 for Mn, 0.7-4.2 µg g-1 for Ni, 0.4-8.4 µg g-1 for Pb, and 4.4-44 µg g-1 for Zn. The mean content of heavy metals (µg g-1) in the collected vegetable samples is highest in spinach, followed by brinjal, cabbage, tomato, and cauliflower. The Hazardous Quotient (THQ) shows a high health risk for Pb (6.1) and Mn (1.02), and a medium health risk for Cr (0.9). The Target Cancer Risk (TCR) emphasized the cancer risk posed by Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni), following with Lead (Pb). The study indicates a link between health risks and consuming vegetables grown in the study area. It recommends improving wastewater treatment facilities and monitoring heavy metal levels in vegetables grown in soil irrigated with wastewater at regular intervals.
Enhancing Security with Binary Bit Password Protection Techniques
Authors: Pandya Darshana , Jadeja Abhijeetsinh , Degadwala Sheshang , Borate Pooja
Published: July 2024

The Objective of this Paper is to Develop a Password Security System Utilizing BinaryBit Technology logic gates AND, XOR, and NOT. A separate color light will glow to signify incorrect password entry (as opposed to the value previously stored). A colorful light will glow if the password you entered matches the password you previously stored. I’ll try to put this approach into practice using the Multisim and Verilog programs. This password security system is an approachable one that may be used in homes, workplaces, and other institutions. Passwords are used throughout the system to restrict access. This simple circuit can be installed in residential areas to increase safety. It can be used in businesses to ensure authorized access to places with high security requirements. I’ll be attempting to use a counter in the real-time circuit to lower the number of password entry tries as a result, the security system will be significantly safer and less error-prone.
Machine Learning: Enhancing Cybersecurity through Attack Detection and Identification
Authors: Pandya Darshana , Jadeja Abhijeetsinh , Bhuptani Madhavi , Patel Vandana , Mehta Kinjal , Brahmbhatt Dipal
Published: July 2024

Securing data and the systems that manage or store it is known as cyber security. Cyber security violations are the most frequent crime performed by online attackers using one or more systems on one or more networks or systems. These cyberthreats can rapidly steal or lose data, as well as partially or totally shut down network systems. Because cyber-attacks are always developing, manually detecting them can be time-consuming and expensive. Consequently, they may be found and classified using machine learning approaches. This study focuses on a survey of the current algorithms for machine learning research in cyber security.
Predicting Cardiovascular Disease with Machine Learning Algorithms: A Review
Authors: Bhavsar Maitri , Patel Manish
Published: July 2024

Early detection of cardiovascular disease symptoms is one of the hardest things for professionals to do. Cardiovascular disease comes in many forms, including stroke, congenital heart disease (CHD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and coronary artery disease (CAD). Comparing several feature selection methods to accurately predict cardiovascular disease is the main objective of this study. The renowned random forest, support vector classifier, k-nearest neighbors, Naive Bayes, and gradient boosting model have been taken into consideration in order to support the comparative accuracy and define the best predictive analytics. These algorithms use data analysis to forecast when heart failure will occur. This study processes the data to predict coronary illness. Finding more effective datasets, however, is essential to the effectiveness of the machine learning model. We have reviewed several machine learning algorithms that are currently in use, together with their benefits and drawbacks, in this work. We have also talked about a few outstanding research questions that will support future studies in this area.
Synthesis and Characterization of Selected Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Rami Jitesh , Patel Chirag , Patel Mansish
Published: July 2024

In the present study, oxide nanoparticles of copper, cobalt, iron and zinc metals have been synthesized using a chemical co-precipitation approach. This gives a large scale production of metal oxide nanoparticles. The structural properties of the synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD result reveals the crystalline nature of the metal oxide nanoparticles. Additional, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed to study the morphology of the selected four metal oxide nanoparticles. SEM micrograph showed the spherical morphology of as prepared CuO, CO2O3, Fe2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles also they are interspersed with each other.
Comment utiliser le laser en physiothérapie
Authors: Roger Viciane
Published: July 2024

Le laser est un outil thérapeutique de plus en plus utilisé en milieu vétérinaire. Il s’agit d’une amplification de la lumière par émission stimulée de radiations.

L’effet du laser sur les tissus dépend des propriétés du rayon (longueur d’onde, fluence, irradiance, temps d’exposition). Il est donc indispensable de choisir les bons paramètres afin d’obtenir l’effet attendu. Celui-ci s’appelle la photobiomodulation et a comme conséquence une action antalgique, anti-inflammatoire et régénératrice sur la cicatrisation.

Ses propriétés lui permettent d’être utilisé dans presque tous les cas de réhabilitation. Le laser peut, en outre, être utilisé en clinique plus traditionnelle. Une amélioration de la condition de l’animal peut être observée dès la première séance dans certains cas, mais elle est observée après 4 à 6 séances en moyenne.

Les programmes adaptés, disponibles sur la plupart des matériels actuels facilitent la prise en main pour tout novice. Néanmoins, chaque cas est unique et nécessite donc un protocole unique.

Les études sur les animaux de compagnie sont peu nombreuses. Rapide, efficace, non douloureux, le laser séduit aussi bien les praticiens que les propriétaires.

Rappel réglementaire : les lasers thérapeutiques vétérinaires (classe 3b et 4) ne doivent être utilisés que par des vétérinaires.
Les équipements de physiothérapie dans un centre spécialisé
Authors: Tiberghien Hélène
Published: July 2024

Un centre spécialisé en physiothérapie possède des équipements de technologie de pointe, souvent onéreux et parfois volumineux. Les équipements détaillés dans cet article sont l’hydrothérapie en tapis roulant immergé et en piscine, l’imoove®-Vet, le laser, les ultrasons, la cryothérapie gazeuse et la TECAR thérapie.

Ces techniques permettent de traiter de nombreuses affections aiguës ou chroniques (post-opératoire orthopédique, arthrose, hernie discale, tendinites, …) et d’obtenir des récupérations fonctionnelles plus rapides et meilleures que les techniques de base.

Selon l’affection, plusieurs techniques peuvent être combinées lors d’une séance au centre de physiothérapie pour bénéficier d’effets synergiques.
Nutrition - Iatrogénie d’origine alimentaire chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Blanchard Géraldine , Paragon Bernard-Marie
Published: July 2024

Les aliments peuvent être toxiques parce qu’ils contiennent un ingrédient toxique pour le chien et le chat, ou par la quantité consommée, globale ou par ce qu’ils sont particulièrement riches en un nutriment essentiel, mais toxique en excès.

Dans cet article de synthèse, les auteurs présentent l’alimentation de l’excès de manière très pratique, avec trois entrées.

D’abord sont présentés les aliments et les nutriments en cause, avec l’excès global générant un surpoids et obésité, les aliments toxiques (cacao, thé, café, oignon, ail, éthanol et alcools, houblon, raisins, xylitol), et les sources de nutriments essentiels pour lesquels il existe un risque d’excès (vitamine A, vitamine D, calcium, phosphore, cuivre, sélénium, …). Ensuite, sont présentés les signes cliniques évocateurs de ces excès. Cette connaissance permet au praticien d’intégrer cette possibilité dans les hypothèses diagnostiques.

Les situations pratiques à risque les plus courantes sont enfin présentées : excès de complément alimentaire, choix d’un chélateur de phosphore en cas d’hypercalcémie, ajout d’huile de foie de morue, distribution de foie, consommation d’os, permettant là encore de poser et se poser les bonnes questions en cas d’hypothèse de toxicité par iatrogénie alimentaire.

Les auteurs rappellent également la diversité de possibilité d’une ration équilibrée, tout en mentionnant l’importance du calcul individuel des quantités apportées, qu’il s’agisse d’aliments ou de compléments, afin d’éviter les excès et déséquilibres des prescriptions à l’aveugle.
Characterizing the distribution of extreme geoelectric field events in Sweden
Authors: Lanabere Vanina , Dimmock Andrew P. , Rosenqvist Lisa , Viljanen Ari , Juusola Liisa , Johlander Andreas
Published: July 2024

Historically, Sweden has reported several impacts on transformers and transmission lines related to geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) that develop during strong space weather events. GICs are driven by the geoelectric field (E), and their intensity depends on various factors, including the lithology conductivity and the rate of change of the Earth’s magnetic field. The purpose of this study is to perform an extreme value (EV) analysis of the E magnitude at six different latitudes in Sweden and to express the maximum |E| that might be observed in 10, 50, and 100 years. We analyzed 10-s E data in Sweden, obtained from a 1-D model. This model incorporates 10-s geomagnetic measurements from the IMAGE network and the vertical Earth’s ground electrical conductivity in Sweden, extracted from a 3-D conductance map for the Fennoscandian region. Extreme E events tend to occur in clusters around geomagnetic disturbances (substorms and geomagnetic storms). Therefore, we applied two different methods to decluster the data. After declustering, Generalized Pareto (GP) distributions were fitted to the remaining extreme events that exceeded the 99.5th percentile. The EV analysis indicates that the shape parameter of the GP distribution depends on latitude. This implies that at higher geographic latitudes (64.52–68.02°N) the distribution decreases faster toward zero than at lower latitudes (58.26–62.25°N). As a result the expected maximum |E| in 100 years in central Sweden ranges between 4.0 and 8.5 V/km, while at higher latitudes, it ranges between 2.0 and 2.5 V/km, similar to the modeled geoelectric field values during the Halloween event in October 2003. In particular, around 60.50°N the distribution of extreme events exhibits the heaviest tail. When we additionally consider the effect of conductivity, the region of west Sweden around 60.50°N exhibits the largest expected maximum in 100 years with a value around 8.5 V/km. This is three times larger than the maximum modeled |E| at that latitude.
Personbezogene und Umweltfaktoren in sozialmedizinischen
orthopädischen Gutachten
Authors: Gartmann Judith , Egen Christoph , Sturm Christian , Bökel Andrea
Published: July 2024

Einleitung Die personbezogenen und Umweltfaktoren der ICF- Kontextfaktoren
sind als Einflussfaktoren auf körperliche und psychische Gesundheit, und auch
die (berufliche) Teilhabe zu verstehen. Bislang ist nicht geklärt, inwiefern
diese Kontextfaktoren in der sozialmedizinischen Begutachtung entsprechende
Berücksichtigung finden. Die umfangreichere Berücksichtigung der
ICF-Kontextfaktoren in der sozialmedizinischen Begutachtung könnte die Zuweisung
zu Erwerbsminderungsrente und rehabilitativen Maßnahmen individueller und
gezielter machen. In dieser Studie soll die Häufigkeit der ICF-Kontextfaktoren
in sozialmedizinischen Gutachten ermittelt werden.

Methodik Durchgeführt wurde eine Häufigkeitsanalyse der ICF-
Kontextfaktoren in sozialmedizinischen Gutachten bei muskuloskelettalen
Erkrankungen. Mehrfach genannte Kontextfaktoren wurden ein einziges Mal im
Gutachten kodiert. In einem Häufigkeitsranking wurden die einzelnen umwelt- und
personbezogenen Faktoren in die Kategorien „häufig“, „mittel“ und „selten“
eingeteilt.

Ergebnisse 215 sozialmedizinische Gutachten mit muskuloskelettalen
Diagnosen aus dem Jahr 2017 bildeten den Gegenstand der retrospektiven
Untersuchung. Alle Gutachten wurden auf das Auftreten von personenbezogenen und
Umweltfaktoren analysiert. Es wurden vor allem personbezogene Faktoren
nachgewiesen, welche Auskunft über allgemeine Merkmale zur Person oder den
allgemeinen Gesundheitszustand geben. Knapp die Hälfte der Umweltfaktoren wurde
selten identifiziert.

Schlussfolgerung Viele ICF-Kontextfaktoren werden zuverlässig in den
analysierten Gutachten erfasst. Die Bedeutung dieser Faktoren auf die Rückkehr
in das Erwerbsleben ist bekannt. Überraschend war das Fehlen oder geringe
Vorhandensein von ICF-Kontextfaktoren aus den Kapiteln Einstellungen (i4),
Gewohnheiten (i4) und Unterstützung & Beziehung (e3), die auch im Kontext
zum Erleben der Arbeitswelt der begutachteten Person stehen. Die Relevanz der
häufig und selten identifizierten ICF- Kontextfaktoren für die
sozialmedizinische Begutachtung bei muskuloskelettal-erkrankten
Rentenantragstellenden muss hinterfragt werden.
Chance auf gewinnbringende Informationen – Austrittsinterviews
Authors: Arens Isabel
Published: July 2024

Dass Mitarbeitende kündigen, werden Sie auch bei bester Pflege nicht verhindern können. Oft bleiben die Gründe für eine Kündigung verborgen – es sei denn, Sie führen mit den Personen, die Sie verlassen wollen, ein Austrittsinterview. Was das genau ist und wie Sie es am besten strukturieren, erfahren Sie hier.
2.IU Symposium Gesundheit
2024
Authors: Schwendemann Hanna , Kreuzenbeck Cordula , Rupp Stephanie
Published: July 2024

Am 24.04.2024 fand das 2.IU Symposium Gesundheit online via Zoom statt, zu
dem das Programmkomitee des Fachgebiets Gesundheit der IU Internationalen
Hochschule rund 150 Teilnehmende im interaktiven Onlineformat begrüßte.
ReLink strategy in diagnosed-but-untreated hepatitis C-positive patients in Germany: report from a single center
Authors: Lange Sarah , Baehr Christina , Cakman-Hinrichs Nur Irem , Cron Katharina , Fengels Hannah , Gregor Christina , Matschenz Katrin , Petersen Jörg , Steinfurth Robin , Stoehr Albrecht , Unger Stefan , Gil Mir Maria , Hernández Candido , Schwenken Marianna , Buggisch Peter
Published: July 2024

Objective The ReLink project aims to reintegrate diagnosed-but-untreated hepatitis-C-positive patients into medical care and initiate a therapy.

Material/methods A retrospective search within the practice management system of a single center in Germany identified among 1965 hepatitis-C-positive patients 100 untreated patients with available contact details and meeting all inclusion criteria. Patients were contacted by 2 contact rounds.

Results Out of 100 patients, 64% were male. Most patients (81%) were aged between 30 and 59 years. The patients belonged to high-risk groups for hepatitis C virus infections or had other comorbidities. The majority of patients injected drugs (21%) and/or were currently or had been on substitution therapy (44%); alcohol addiction was also frequent (21%). Out of 25 patients who agreed to an appointment, 10 patients (40%) started therapy and 5 additional patients (20%) agreed to therapy but were not yet able to start or had not yet made a decision. One‑third of patients who agreed to an appointment did not show up.

Conclusions Diagnosed-but-untreated patients are an important subgroup of hepatitis-C-positive patients; their recall to the clinic for direct-acting antiviral therapy is possible. However, inaccurate contact information, unresponsiveness to outreach, and further reluctance to attend doctor appointments limited the overall impact of this program. Regular review of the patients’ contact details may facilitate both follow-up and recall.
Versorgungsrealität der Gastroparese in Deutschland – eine Umfrage der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Gastroenterologischer Krankenhausärzte (ALGK)
Authors: Gundling Felix , Frieling Thomas
Published: July 2024

Einleitung Die Behandlung der Gastroparese kann im klinischen Alltag schwierig sein. Ziele der vorliegenden anonymen Befragung der Mitglieder der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Gastroenterologischer Krankenhausärzte e.V. (ALGK) war eine Erhebung der Versorgungsrealität der Gastroparese in Deutschland.

Material und Methoden Die ALGK führte über 40 Tage 2023 eine Mitgliederbefragung anhand eines standardisierten anonymisierten Fragebogens mit 11 Fragen durch. Diese bezogen sich auf diagnostische und therapeutische Maßnahmen sowie verschiedene Aspekte des allgemeinen Managements der Gastroparese.

Ergebnisse Die Rücklaufquote betrug 21,4%. Nur 6,56% aller Befragten beurteilten die Prävalenz dieses Krankheitsbilds näherungsweise so, wie es aktuelle Publikationen vermuten lassen. Zur definitiven Diagnosestellung nutzten 68,85% aller Befragten die Magenentleerungsszintigrafie. Für 51,61% war das wichtigste Behandlungsziel eine individuelle Therapie unter Berücksichtigung von Ursache und Beschwerdeintensität der Erkrankung, für 43,55% die symptomatische Behandlung des dominierenden Kardinalsymptoms. Therapie der ersten Wahl waren für 41,94% Medikamente, für 27,42% Ernährungsempfehlungen und für 24,2% endoskopische Eingriffe. Bei der Auswahl der Medikamente nutzten 100% Prokinetika, 40,32% Antiemetika. Analgetika wurden nur von 4,84% eingesetzt. Handlungsbedarf sehen 85,48% in der unzureichenden Verfügbarkeit medikamentöser Therapieoptionen, 48,39% in der fehlenden aktuellen Zulassungssituation verfügbarer Medikamente für die Indikation Gastroparese. Relativ häufig wurden von den Befragten Behandlungsoptionen durchgeführt, für die nur geringe Evidenz besteht (z.B. Einsatz pflanzlicher Heilmittel in 43,55%).

Diskussion Insgesamt wurde in der aktuellen Umfrage die Häufigkeit der Gastroparese unterschätzt. Endoskopische Optionen werden nicht selten auch als Therapie der ersten Wahl eingesetzt. Obwohl eine Symptomen–orientierte Behandlung für einen Großteil der Befragten wichtig ist, werden bei der Medikamentenauswahl vor allem Prokinetika angewendet.
Injectable “Skin Boosters” in Aging Skin Rejuvenation: A Current Overview
Authors: Rho Nark-Kyoung , Kim Hyun-Seok , Kim Soo-Young , Lee Won
Published: July 2024

Aging-related changes in the skin, such as dullness, dehydration, and loss of elasticity, significantly affect its appearance and integrity. Injectable “skin boosters,” comprising various biological materials, have become increasingly prominent in addressing these issues, offering rejuvenation and revitalization. This review offers a comprehensive examination of these injectables, detailing their types, mechanisms of action, and clinical uses. It also evaluates the evidence for their effectiveness and safety in treating age-related skin alterations and other conditions. The goal is to provide an insightful understanding of injectable skin boosters in contemporary dermatological practice, summarizing the current state of knowledge.
The updated Asia-Pacific consensus statement on the role of endoscopic management in malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Angsuwatcharakon Phonthep , Kulpatcharapong Santi , Chuncharunee Alan , Khor Christopher , Devereaux Benedict , Moon Jong Ho , Ratanachu-ek Thawee , Wang Hsiu Po , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Maydeo Amit , Itoi Takao , Ponnudurai Ryan , Ramchandani Mohan , Nakai Yousuke , Seo Dong Wan , Ogura Takeshi , Tang Raymond SY , Kongkam Pradermchai , Makmun Dadang , Dy Frederick , Ridtitid Wiriyaporn , Kuo Yu Ting , Pham Khanh Cong , Oung Borathchakra , Lee Jeffrey , Rerknimitr Rungsun
Published: July 2024

The first Asia-Pacific consensus recommendations for endoscopic and interventional management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma were published in 2013. Since then, new evidence on the role of endoscopy for management of malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) has emerged. To update the recommendation, we reviewed the literature using a PICO (population/intervention/comparison/outcomes) framework and created consensus statements. The expert panel voted anonymously using the modified Delphi method and all final statements were evaluated for the quality of evidence and strength of recommendation. The important points with inadequate supporting evidence were classified as key concepts. There were seven statements and five key concepts that reached consensus. The statements and key concepts dealt with multiple aspects of endoscopy-based management in MHBO starting from diagnosis, strategies and options for biliary drainage, management of recurrent biliary obstruction, management of cholecystitis after biliary stenting, and adjunctive treatment before stenting. Although the recommendations may assist physicians in planning the treatment for MHBO patients, they should not replace the decision of a multidisciplinary team in the management of individual patients.
Microsurgical Anatomy of Middle Cerebral Artery in Northwest Indian Population: A Cadaveric Brain Dissection Study
Authors: Rakshith Srinivasa , Shweta Kedia , Pravin Salunke , Daisy Sahni , Eilene Basu , Kumar Krishnakutty Muthiraklayil Sareesh , Mathuriya Suresh Narain
Published: July 2024

The introduction of cadaveric dissection of cerebral vasculature as a part of the neurosurgical training module would help the neurosurgical residents to understand the complex neuroanatomy of the brain vasculature and help gain confdence during the surgical procedure.To the best of our knowledge microsurgical anatomical studies of theMCA have not been done among the Northwest Indian population. Anatomical variations of MCA that have not been described before may come in as a surprise during any surgical intervention. Hence, we intend to record the anatomical variations of the MCA anatomy and its implications in contemporary vascular surgery and neurosurgical practice. The objective of this work was to study and compare the microsurgical anatomy and variations of MCA in Northwest Indian cadavers with the available literature.
The Influence of Genetics and Gene Polymorphism on Biological Complications for Dental Implant Survival: A Review
Authors: Januzzi Marcella Santos , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Del Rei Daltro Rosa Cleber Davi , Turcio Karina Helga Leal , de Moraes Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine , da Silva Fernandes Maria Eduarda , de Magalhães Bertoz André Pinheiro , Adriazola Ique Manuel Martin , Goiato Marcelo Coelho
Published: July 2024

The objective of this review is to expose the main genetic changes and genetic polymorphisms that may or may not be associated with greater susceptibility to reduced survival of dental implants and, consequently, to their loss. Case–control studies that fully portrayed the specific types of genetic polymorphisms that may be associated with dental implant failure were included by searching in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 2010 to 2023. The following descriptors and their combinations in English were used to search for articles: “dental implants,” “bone genes,” “genetics,” “polymorphism genetics,” “genetic risk factor,” and “interleukin.” The initial search resulted in 107 results (PubMed n = 47, Scopus n = 14, and Web of Science n = 46). After a manual search, reviewing each article's title and abstract, and excluding duplicates, systematic reviews, and literature reviews, 30 articles were selected. After reading these 30 articles in full, 18 studies that did not describe the specific genetic polymorphism in relation to dental implant survival were excluded. Therefore, 12 articles were included in this review. The genetic polymorphisms of interleukin (IL)-1A, IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist, tumor necrosis factor-α, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B legend, and cluster of differentiation 14 were analyzed in the included studies. In seven of the studies, a statistically significant correlation between genetic polymorphisms and dental implant failure was observed. Of the polymorphisms studied, IL-1A (−899), IL-1B (+3954), and IL-4 (+33) showed a greater association with dental implant loss.
Impact of Single Blast Exposure on Neuronal Damage and Protein Levels in the Rat Brain at Varying Pressures
Authors: Bansal Puru , Bhat Dhananjaya I. , Jain Chirag , Subramaniam Sarada , Mahadevan Anita , Shukla Dhaval , Devi B. Indira
Published: July 2024

Introduction Brain injuries from blasts are increasingly common in both civilian and war settings. The impact of blast injuries at different pressure levels remains unclear, and their long-term effects are not well understood. This study investigates how varying blast pressures affect the rat brain over time.

Materials and Methods Forty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups of 10. Three groups were exposed to blasts, while one served as a control and was only subjected to blast sounds. Each group received a single blast at different pressures, followed by neuropsychological tests. After 28 and 84 days, the rats were sacrificed to measure tau protein and acetylcholine esterase levels and to conduct histological examinations of brain tissues.

Results A single blast exposure did not significantly impact visuospatial memory or recall. Despite the lack of noticeable cognitive deficits, histopathological and biochemical analyses revealed reduced tau protein levels, indicating ongoing neuronal damage.

Conclusion While a single blast did not significantly impair visuospatial memory or recall in this rat model, there were decreases in tau protein and acetylcholine esterase levels, along with histological signs of neuronal damage.
Anderson localized transport in non-Hermitian spoof surface plasmon polariton structures
Authors: Sahoo Himadri , Vijay R. , Mujumdar Sushil
Published: July 2024

Anderson localization, a fundamental wave phenomenon, is a challenging problem in quasiparticle transport, exacerbated in the presence of dissipation. Of late, however, a few demonstrations of Anderson localization in non-Hermitian structures have been made. In the domain of electromagnetics of structured materials, spoof surface plasmon polaritons are a very interesting concept where structured metallic surfaces sustain bound states even at very low frequencies. The metallic non-Hermiticity, in an environment of possible disorder, makes this system an interesting case-study for mesoscopic transport, although the idea of disordered structures for spoof plasmons is not commonly encountered in literature. Here, we present experimental evidence of Anderson localization in hybrid polariton–photon states within a disordered, non-Hermitian environment. Disorder is introduced by perturbing the periodic microstructure while maintaining surface confinement. Localization enhances the plasmonic intensity by about a factor of three as compared to the conventional periodic structure. We experimentally characterize the intensity distribution, dispersion properties, and generalized conductance within the Anderson localized regime. A significant decrease in both localization length and its fluctuations is observed with increasing disorder strength. The inverse participation ratio shows the anticipated linear dependency on localization length. Our results offer experimental proof of Anderson localization in hybrid polariton–photon states, showcasing the influence of disorder in boosting plasmonic intensity. This elucidates potential applications in fields requiring controlled wave transport in disordered settings.
Plasmonic magnesium arrays with nanosphere lithography
Authors: Pehlivan Zeki Semih , Ten Andrey , Wayman Thomas M. R. , Ringe Emilie
Published: July 2024

Magnesium is a rising alternative plasmonic metal that is potentially cheaper, more biocompatible, and less lossy in the ultraviolet-blue region of the visible spectrum than the commonly used gold and silver. Recent studies of colloidal magnesium nanoparticles demonstrated the plasmonic resonances of a variety of faceted shapes. However, applications such as refractive index sensing benefit from well-defined arrays, which have been developed for all other plasmonic metals. Here, we implement nanosphere lithography to fabricate metallic magnesium arrays that display attractive plasmonic properties. The deposition process was found to be highly vulnerable to oxidation, recrystallization, kinetic energy of the metal vapor, and substrate properties. The resulting structures obtained with 350, 500, and 750 nm hexagonally packed nanosphere masks exhibit the hallmark light–matter interactions of plasmonic metals, including strong extinction and resonance energy dependence on feature size, further securing Mg’s place as an alternative plasmonic metal.
Electrode materials and structures in UV photodetectors
Authors: Ouyang Weixin , Zhang Mingmin
Published: July 2024

Electrodes can be recognized as the bridges between photodetectors (PDs) and outer measurement circuits. The interfacial electric properties between electrodes and sensitive materials would dominate the separation and collection of photo-induced charge carrier, which are recognized as one of the critical factors influencing the photo-detecting performance. In this paper, the electrode materials used in UV PDs are summarized and categorized according to their components. Then, the effects of electrode configurations (such as the contact types, band structure, and electrode structure) on the photoelectric performances of UV PDs are discussed. Varied kinds of specific electrodes such as transparent electrodes, flexible electrodes, and bio-originated electrodes are described. Finally, the perspective of electrodes in UV PDs is presented, which provides guidance for their future development.
Compressive strength prediction of nano-modified concrete: A comparative study of advanced machine learning techniques
Authors: Tao Xinyue
Published: July 2024

This study aims to develop predictive models for accurately forecasting the uniaxial compressive strength of concrete enhanced with nanomaterials. Various machine learning algorithms were employed, including the backpropagation neural network (BPNN), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and a hybrid ensemble stacking method (HEStack). A comprehensive dataset containing 94 data points for nano-modified concrete was collected, with eight input parameters: water-to-cement ratio, carbon nanotubes, nano-silica, nano-clay, nano-aluminum, cement, coarse aggregates, and fine aggregates. To evaluate the performance of these models, tenfold cross-validation and a case study prediction were conducted. It has been shown that the HEStack model is the most effective approach for precisely predicting the properties of nano-modified concrete. During cross-validation, the HEStack method was found to have superior predictive accuracy and resilience against overfitting compared to the stand-alone models. This underscores the potential of the HEStack algorithm in enhancing model performance. In the case study, the predicted results were assessed using metrics such as the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), the ratio of RMSE to the standard deviation of observations (RSR), and the normalized mean bias error (NMBE). The HEStack model achieved the lowest MAPE of 2.84%, RMSE of 1.6495, RSR of 0.0874, and absolute NMBE of 0.0064. In addition, it attained a remarkable R2 value of 0.9924, surpassing the R2 scores of 0.9356 (BPNN), 0.9706 (RF), and 0.9884 (XGB), indicating its exceptional generalization capability.
A genome-guided strategy for climate resilience in American chestnut restoration populations
Authors: Sandercock Alexander M. , Westbrook Jared W. , Zhang Qian , Holliday Jason A.
Published: July 2024

American chestnut (
Castanea dentata
) is a deciduous tree species of eastern North America that was decimated by the introduction of the chestnut blight fungus (
Cryphonectria parasitica
) in the early 20th century. Although millions of American chestnuts survive as root collar sprouts, these trees rarely reproduce. Thus, the species is considered functionally extinct. American chestnuts with improved blight resistance have been developed through interspecific hybridization followed by conspecific backcrossing, and by genetic engineering. Incorporating adaptive genomic diversity into these backcross families and transgenic lines is important for restoring the species across broad climatic gradients. To develop sampling recommendations for ex situ conservation of wild adaptive genetic variation, we coupled whole-genome resequencing of 384 stump sprouts with genotype–environment association analyses and found that the species range can be subdivided into three seed zones characterized by relatively homogeneous adaptive allele frequencies. We estimated that 21 to 29 trees per seed zone will need to be conserved to capture most extant adaptive diversity. We also resequenced the genomes of 269 backcross trees to understand the extent to which the breeding program has already captured wild adaptive diversity, and to estimate optimal reintroduction sites for specific families on the basis of their adaptive portfolio and future climate projections. Taken together, these results inform the development of an ex situ germplasm conservation and breeding plan to target blight-resistant breeding populations to specific environments and provides a blueprint for developing restoration plans for other imperiled tree species.
On the production of subject and object relative clauses by child speakers of heritage Romanian in
France
Authors: Avram Larisa , Mardale Alexandru , Soare Elena
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the production of subject and object restrictive relatives in child
heritage Romanian in contact with French. The main goal is to evaluate the effect of schooling in the societal
language, over a longer period of time, on the acquisition of these complex syntactic structures. Thirty-two child
Romanian heritage speakers (ages 5–15), divided into two groups who – at testing time – had been in a French school
for 1 to 3 years and for 5 to 8 years, respectively, completed an elicited production task. Their responses were
compared to those of 32 age-matched monolingual Romanian children and 20 Romanian adults living in the homeland. The
results indicated overall progress after onset of schooling. Child heritage speakers who had been in a French school
for a longer period of time produced more relative clauses than the younger ones and the number of errors decreased
with age. They went through the same qualitative stages as age-matched monolinguals but at a slower pace, with object
relatives being more problematic than subject relatives. This vulnerability was reflected in a preference for less
computationally costly but target-like structures and in the relatively prolonged use of non-target-like structures
whose elimination from the grammar requires inspection of a higher amount of input.
The narrative abilities of Spanish monolinguals and Spanish–Catalan bilinguals with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Garcia-Alcaraz Estela , Liceras Juana M.
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the narrative abilities of seven Spanish monolinguals and six Spanish –
Catalan bilinguals with Prader–Willi syndrome. All participants were asked to narrate A boy, a dog, and a
frog (Mayer, 1967) in Spanish. Additionally, bilinguals were
also asked to narrate Frog, where are you? (Mayer, 1969) in
Catalan. Both narrative corpora were analyzed according to their macrostructure (Narrative Scoring
System) and microstructure (Mean Length per Utterance and Type-Token
Ratio measures). Monolinguals and bilinguals showed similar macrostructural abilities as well as
comparable morphosyntactic language development; however, a positive effect of bilingualism was detected when
evaluating participants’ lexical variability. Bilingual speakers showed comparable narrative abilities in both Spanish
and Catalan.
Code-switching and code-mixing in bilingual Spanish–Catalan children with and without Developmental
Language Disorder
Authors: Aguilar-Mediavilla Eva , Sánchez-Pedroche Alberto , Buil-Legaz Lucía , Pérez-Castelló Josep A. , Adrover-Roig Daniel
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on a specific bilingual context to study code-switching and code-mixing in
Spanish-Catalan simultaneous bilingual children with and without language difficulties with similar exposure to these
close languages. We aimed to know whether children with DLD showed different code-switching and code-mixing patterns
compared to children without language difficulties and explored the role of some variables that could affect their
use, such as the language spoken by their parents and children’s ages. Fifteen Spanish-Catalan bilingual children with
DLD and their age controls were followed from 8 to 12 years of age. Children were audio-recorded while they produced
an oral narrative task in the language chosen by the child. Results indicated that children whose parents spoke both
languages at home also use more code-mixing at 12 than parents that only spoke one language. Besides bilingual
children with DLD showed more code-switching only at an earlier age (i.e., 8) but not more code-mixing than their
age-matched peers. We discuss these results considering several explanaitions.
Advantages of a novel truncated cone DE-air generator in energy conversion
Authors: Lai Zhihui , Feng Aijie , Fang Shitong , Wang Zhouzhou , Wu Mengyao , Lin Bangjie , Shi Runye , Yurchenko Daniil
Published: July 2024

Harvesting energy from ambient environments such as vibrations is a feasible approach to self-power low-powered electric devices. The dielectric elastomer generator (DEG) is a type of novel electrostatic generator with superior vibration energy harvesting (EH) performance. On the basis of traditional DEGs, a new concept of dielectric elastomer (DE)-air generator (DEAG), which contains the air layer and the DE membrane (DEM) as a composite dielectric layer, is proposed in this paper for the first time. Inspired by a classical truncated cone DEG (TC-DEG) concept, the novel truncated cone DEAG (TC-DEAG) is designed and comprehensively studied. Compared with the TC-DEG, the proposed TC-DEAG provides the larger capacitance ratio, leading to superior electrical output. The energy conversion mechanisms of both the TC-DEG and the TC-DEAG under a regular linear reciprocating excitation are analyzed theoretically by deducing the deformation condition of the DEM and the electrical outputs. Through measuring the capacitance of the DEM under deformations and testing the output voltage of the fabricated generators, the proposed theoretical models and predictions are verified. Moreover, numerical simulations based on the verified theoretical model are conducted to reveal the influences of some important system parameters on the EH performances of both generators, providing guidelines for the performance improvement of the generators.
Tailoring the stress-free two-way shape memory effect in sol–gel crosslinked poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-based semicrystalline networks
Authors: Inverardi Nicoletta , Toselli Maurizio , Messori Massimo , Scalet Giulia , Auricchio Ferdinando , Pandini Stefano
Published: July 2024

Two-way shape memory polymers are stimulus-responsive materials capable of changing their shape between two configurations based on an on/off thermal stimulus. While the traditional effect has been studied under the application of an external mechanical load, it was demonstrated also in the absence of an external load. Such a response only relies on a carefully tailored macromolecular architecture of the polymer combined with a specific thermo-mechanical protocol. In particular, semicrystalline networks, either consisting of a multi-phase copolymer network or a homopolymer based network with broad phase transitions, have been proposed to this aim under ad hoc thermo-mechanical histories. In this work, the two-way shape memory behavior is studied on a poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-based network, crosslinked by means of a sol–gel approach and tailored on the selection of the molecular weight of the precursor polymer. Changing the prepolymer precursor allowed to tune the melting/crystallization regions of the networks, thus the thermal region of the reversible shape memory effect. The application of properly designed thermo-mechanical cycles allowed to study the two-way shape memory effect without the application of an external load under tensile conditions. Given a specific network, the stress-free actuation of the reversible elongation-contraction cycle under tensile conditions was induced across its specific melting/crystallization region. The extent of the effect was found to depend on the crystalline fraction remaining for the given actuation temperature and on the tensile stretched state imposed on the materials during the training step. The results were compared with the response achieved under the traditional two-way shape memory protocol under stress. The stress-free two-way shape memory effect was also successfully demonstrated and emphasized, under flexural conditions, which suggests the potential of these materials as intrinsically reversible actuators, promising for applications in the biomedical field and/or for soft robotics.
Evaluating non-intrinsic contribution in flexoelectric measurements
Authors: Wang Tingjun , Lun Yingzhuo , Yang Yida , Zhang Xiangping , Xu Shaoqing , Jin Shuaizhao , Wang Xueyun , Hong Jiawang
Published: July 2024

The characterization of the flexoelectric coefficient is a fundamental issue for the studies of the flexoelectric effect, which describes the coupling between strain gradient and polarization. However, the contribution from non-intrinsic flexoelectricity cannot be ignored in the flexoelectric measurements, bringing challenges for the determination of intrinsic flexoelectric coefficients. In this work, we propose a non-intrinsic flexoelectric factor to evaluate the non-intrinsic flexoelectric contributions to the measured coefficient, based on the crystal-orientation-dependent flexoelectric coefficients measured by cantilever-bending method. The cubic magnesium oxide single crystals with different surface statuses are chosen to obtain the effective flexoelectric coefficients through the cantilever-bending method and first-principles. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed non-intrinsic flexoelectric factor. This work provides an effective way to evaluate the non-intrinsic flexoelectric contributions in flexoelectric measurements.
Charged Particles Capture Cross-section by a Weakly Charged Schwarzschild Black Hole
Authors: Al Zahrani A. M. , Al-Jama A.
Published: July 2024

We study the capture cross-section of charged particles by a weakly charged Schwarzschild black hole. The dependence of the maximum impact parameter for capture on the particle’s energy is investigated numerically for different values of the electromagnetic coupling strength between the particle and the black hole. The capture cross-section is then calculated. We show that the capture cross-section is independent of the electromagnetic coupling for ultra-relativistic particles. The astrophysical implications of our results are discussed.
Resistive wall mode and fishbone mode in ITER steady state scenario: roles of fusion-born alphas and plasma flow
Authors: He Hongda , Liu Yueqiang , Hao Guangzhou , Zhu Jinxia , Shen Yong , Zheng Guoyao
Published: July 2024

Drift-kinetic effects of fusion-born alpha particles on the n= 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) resistive wall mode (RWM) is numerically investigated for a recent design of the ITER 10 MA steady state plasma scenario, utilizing a magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD)-kinetic hybrid toroidal model. While the fluid theory predicts unstable RWM as the normalized plasma pressure β
N exceeds the no-wall Troyon limit and with the mode growth rate monotonically increasing with β
N, inclusion of the drift-kinetic contribution of trapped alphas qualitatively modifies the behavior by stabilizing the mode at high β
N. In fact, a complete stabilization of the n= 1 RWM up to the ideal-wall Troyon limit is found. On the other hand, another unstable branch—the alpha-driven n = 1 fishbone mode (FB)—is identified in the high-β
N regime, with the mode frequency matching that of the toroidal precession frequency of trapped alphas. Fast plasma toroidal flow however helps mitigate the FB instability. Kinetic stabilization of the RWM and flow stabilization of the (alpha-triggered) FB result in an enhancement of β
N from the design value of 3.22–3.52 for the ITER scenario considered, while still maintaining stable plasma operation against the aforementioned MHD instabilities.
Dynamic control of divertor heat flux during n = 4 resonant magnetic perturbation edge localized mode suppression by small variation of q
95 in EAST
Authors: Yang Hua , Sun Youwen , Jia Manni , Loarte Alberto , Xie Pengcheng , Ma Qun , Wu Xuemin , Ye Cheng , Liu Yueqiang , Chen Jiale , Liang Ruirong , Yang Zhendong , Chen Gaoting , Zhang Bin , Zang Qing , Ye Kaixuan ,   the EAST Team
Published: July 2024

Experiments at EAST demonstrate effective modulation of the stationary heat flux to the secondary lobes of the magnetic footprint induced by the resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) by slightly varying the equilibrium q
95, consistent with prior numerical modeling. During the small q
95 variation, the edge localized mode control is well maintained, and the position of the secondary heat flux peak is effectively shifted, thus avoiding a specific location heat flux accumulation. As the divertor heat load is one of the significant concerns in tokamaks, these results provide a promising choice, varying magnetic equilibrium periodically to shift stationary heat load deposition position during static n = 4 (n is the toroidal mode number) RMP condition, for further fusion devices. In this respect, the use of this technique for n = 4 RMPs is advantageous because the q
95 range that needs to be covered to spread the divertor heat load is reduced due to the smaller toroidal extent of the off-separatrix heat deposition zones compared to lower n’s.