bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Result of Percutaneous Screw Fixation for Bone Bruise of the Tibial Plateau
Authors: Ebraheim Nabil A. , Zhang Jingwei , Liu Jiayong , Gregory Otto , Johnson Jarid , Blevins Amy L.
Published: December 2015

This study reports the preliminary results of surgical treatment of bone bruise of the tibial plateau. Twelve patients underwent percutaneous screw fixation with a mean follow-up of 15 months. The mean duration of surgery was 15 minutes. Preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, 1 month postoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and 12 months postoperatively, the mean visual analog scale scores were 7.3, 2.6, 1.2, 0.6, and 0.5, respectively. The mean Hospital for Special Surgery scores were 56, 78, 89, 95, and 98, respectively. In selective patients with bone bruise, the percutaneous screw fixation is feasible to resolve pain and prevent compression of the articular surface. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(12):747–750.]
Medialized Versus Lateralized Center of Rotation in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Streit Jonathan J. , Shishani Yousef , Gobezie Reuben
Published: December 2015

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty may be performed using components that medialize or lateralize the center of rotation. The purpose of this prospective study was to directly compare 2 reverse shoulder arthroplasty designs. Two treatment groups and 1 control group were identified. Group I comprised 9 patients using a medialized Grammont-style (GRM) prosthesis with a neck-shaft angle of 155°. Group II comprised 9 patients using a lateralized (LAT) prosthesis with a neck-shaft angle of 135°. Pre- and postoperative assessment of range of motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and visual analog scale pain score were performed. Radiographic measurements of lateral humeral offset and acromiohumeral distance were compared. The GRM prosthesis achieved greater forward flexion (143.9° vs 115.6°;
P
=.05), whereas the LAT achieved greater external rotation (35.0° vs 28.3°;
P
=.07). The lateral humeral offset was greater for the LAT prosthesis compared with the GRM prosthesis, but this distance was not significantly different from that found in the control group. The acromiohumeral distance was significantly greater in the GRM prosthesis group compared with both the LAT and the control groups. The results of this study confirm that different reverse shoulder arthroplasty designs produce radiographically different anatomy. Whereas the GRM prosthesis significantly alters the anatomy of the shoulder, the LAT design can preserve some anatomic relationships found in the normal shoulder. The clinical outcomes indicate that this may have an effect on range of motion, with traditional designs achieving greater forward flexion and lateralized designs achieving greater external rotation. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(12):e1098–e1103.]
Medial Compartment Decompression by Fibular Osteotomy to Treat Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yang Zong-You , Chen Wei , Li Cun-Xiang , Wang Juan , Shao De-Cheng , Hou Zhi-Yong , Gao Shi-Jun , Wang Fei , Li Ji-Dong , Hao Jian-Dong , Chen Bai-Cheng , Zhang Ying-Ze
Published: December 2015

Compared with high tibial osteotomy and total knee arthroplasty, the authors found a simpler surgical procedure, partial fibular osteotomy, could effectively relieve knee pain and also correct the varus deformity for patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). From January 1996 to April 2012, a total of 156 patients with medial compartment OA were treated by proximal fibular osteotomy in the authors' hospital. A 2-cm–long section of fibula was resected 6 to 10 cm below the fibular head. A total of 110 patients with follow-up of more than 2 years were included in the study, including 34 males and 76 females with an average age of 59.2 years. Anteroposterior and lateral weight-bearing radiographs, the femorotibial angle (FTA) and lateral joint space, and the American Knee Society Score (KSS) and the visual analog scale (VAS) score of the knee joint were evaluated preoperatively and at final follow-up, respectively. At final follow-up, mean FTA and lateral joint space were 179.4°±1.8° and 6.9±0.7 mm, respectively, which were significantly smaller than those measured preoperatively (182.7°±2.0° and 12.2±1.1 mm, respectively; both
P
<.001). Mean KSS at final follow-up was 92.3±31.7, significantly higher than the mean preoperative score of 45.0±21.3 (
P
<.001). Mean VAS score and interquartile range were 2.0 and 2.0, significantly lower than the preoperative data (7 and 1.0, respectively;
P
<.001). The authors found that proximal fibular osteotomy can significantly improve both the radiographic appearance and function of the affected knee joint and also achieve long-term pain relief. This procedure may be an alternative treatment option for medial compartment OA. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(12):e1110–e1114.]
Racial Disparities in Lower Extremity Arthroplasty Outcomes and Use
Authors: Pierce Todd P. , Elmallah Randa K. , Lavernia Carlos J. , Chen Antonia F. , Harwin Steven F. , Thomas Craig M. , Mont Michael A.
Published: December 2015

Race-associated disparities often occur in patients who undergo lower extremity total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Although it is imperative to elucidate and describe the disparities in race and ethnicity that may influence patient perception, satisfaction, and surgical outcomes, there is a paucity of reports detailing the nature of potential racial disparities in TJA. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to examine racial and ethnic disparities in the (1) physician–patient relationship; (2) use of TJA; (3) intraoperative and 30-day postoperative complications; and (4) patient-reported outcomes. Although there are limited studies that evaluated this topic, it has been shown that there are race-specific differences in physician–patient relationships. Specifically, African American patients report lower satisfaction rates in communication with their physician than their Caucasian counterparts and physicians were more apt to describe African Americans as less “medically cooperative.” The majority of the studies the authors found regarding TJA use indicated that African Americans and Hispanics were less likely to undergo lower extremity TJA than Caucasians. Furthermore, racial minorities may have higher 30-day readmission and intra- and postoperative complication rates compared with Caucasians. Despite these compelling findings, concrete conclusions are difficult to make due to the presence of multiple confounding patient factors, and more studies examining the racial and ethnic disparities in patients with TJA are needed. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(12):e1139–e1146.]
Chronic Knee Dislocation After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ross John P. , Brown Nicholas M. , Levine Brett R.
Published: December 2015

Knee dislocation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), although rare, is a dangerous injury that can lead to neurovascular compromise and permanent disability. Chronic dislocation after TKA is even less common and is defined as dislocation that is present for 4 weeks or more. There are few reports of its management. Chronic dislocation may be complicated further by concomitant extensor mechanism disruption, ligamentous instability, and/or capsular contracture. This article describes 3 cases of chronically dislocated TKAs and the challenges encountered in treating this difficult problem. A higher level of constraint was required to maintain knee stability, and an extensor mechanism allograft was needed in 2 of the 3 reported patients. The preferred technique at the authors' institution is a complete allograft composite, tensioned in full extension. In the setting of a chronically dislocated TKA, the authors now recommend revision surgery with an enhanced measure of constraint (constrained condylar device or hinged knee prosthesis), reconstruction of the extensor mechanism when necessary, and restoration of the joint while compensating for concomitant bony defects. Even when surgeons follow these principles, it is important to inform the patient that long-term outcomes will likely be inferior to those of revision surgery for other causes. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(12):e1155–e1159.]
Neurovascular Compression After the Latarjet Procedure
Authors: Galvin Joseph W. , Romanowski James R. , Boykin Robert E. , Eichinger Josef K. , Lafosse Laurent
Published: December 2015

The Latarjet procedure is an established and effective option for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Symptomatic compression of the vasculature around the shoulder and adjacent brachial plexus is uncommon and may be difficult to diagnose and treat. The purpose of this report is to describe a patient with neurovascular compression of the axillary artery and brachial plexus after an open Latarjet procedure. This is the first known report of documented combined vascular and neurologic thoracic outlet syndrome after a Latarjet procedure. Evaluation of this suspected problem requires a detailed clinical examination and a dynamic angiogram to verify which neurovascular structures are compressed. Treatment includes decompression of the brachial plexus and axillary vasculature by releasing tethering scar tissue or the remaining pectoralis minor that is creating a constricting sling effect. An arthroscopic approach provides for a careful and specific decompression. Additionally, the authors provide a review of the literature for neurologic complications and management for these complications. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(12):e1164–e1168.]
A methodological basis for landscape interpretation: the case of the Ljubljana Marsh
Authors: Smrekar Aleš , Šmid Hribar Mateja , Tiran Jernej , Erhartič Bojan
Published: December 2015

Landscape interpretation is one of the best-suited and established forms of informing and raising the awareness of visitors and local residents. The literature contains only rare examples of useful methodology that could help managers with the initial steps of interpretation. A methodological basis for landscape interpretation is presented, using the case of the Ljubljana Marsh. The form consisting of eight thematic categories is a useful tool for identifying suitable topics and selecting the right interpretation tools. Using this form, managers will reach their final interpretation goal more easily: to make people recognize the landscape and protect it against inappropriate changes.
Les joueurs amateurs de poker : une communauté de pratique ?
Authors: Brody Aymeric
Published: December 2015

Cet article s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain menée entre 2007 et 2011 auprès des joueurs amateurs de poker en France. Analysant plus particulièrement les résultats d’un questionnaire ethnographique diffusé lors d’un tournoi réunissant plusieurs milliers de participants, l’auteur cherche à comprendre ce qui a pu pousser ces amateurs à s’engager dans la compétition. Au-delà des perspectives de gains – sommes toutes assez réduites –, c’est d’abord le plaisir de jouer et l’envie de progresser dans la pratique du jeu qui auraient suscité leur engagement. Habitués à jouer au poker sur internet, ces joueurs partagent en effet le même désir de se forger de nouvelles expériences du jeu. Le tournoi en question leur offre ainsi une occasion de se réunir autour de leur passion commune pour poursuivre leur apprentissage du jeu. Loin de la figure médiatique du poker player obsédé par l’appât du gain et la réussite individuelle, l’enquête de terrain révèle finalement l’existence d’une communauté de joueurs pour qui le jeu d’argent est devenu une passion ordinaire.
La négociation du télétravail dans la Fonction publique et ses implications pour les agents de l’INRA.
Authors: CFDT-INRA Groupe Télétravail
Published: December 2015

Après avoir retracé les principales étapes institutionnelles de l’émergence du télétravail et esquissé un portrait statistique de son extension, cet article pointe un retard dans son développement au sein de la Fonction publique. Bien que le cadre d’exercice du télétravail dans la Fonction publique ait été précisé en 2012 et que son application soit à l’étude, la question relève toujours de la négociation collective sur les conditions de travail. Dans ce contexte, nous présentons les résultats d’une enquête d’intérêt et de motivation sur le télétravail effectuée auprès des adhérents du syndicat CFDT-INRA. Nous concluons sur la nécessité de développer le dialogue social sur le télétravail dans l’objectif d’améliorer la qualité de vie au travail.
Competence-Based Approach to Training in the Virtual Educational Environment
Authors: Kataev Mikhail
Published: December 2015

Training includes process of the organization, transfer and assimilation of knowledge, skills of activity (Big Soviet Encyclopedia 1970). Educational process (or otherwise, training process) are connected with development of training in time and space and mean consecutive system of actions, it realizing. Traditionally process of training is connected with transfer of knowledge by the teacher to the pupil (or to the trainee). In the course of training since ancient times began to apply various supportive applications promoting acceleration, strengthening of understanding. In modern time process of training became already impossible without use of the computer equipment, and at the first stages involved as auxiliary. It led to emergence of a new paradigm of educational process – electronic education (e-learning) which is realized in the form of remote education. The educational process realized on the basis of the electronic training systems represents purposeful and controlled hard independent work of the trainee who can study in time, convenient for it, having only access to funds of training and to methodical materials. Possibility of contact with the teacher in such systems is, as a rule, conducted by means of e-mails. In this sense, of course, efficiency of a traditional type of training with the teacher in the form of lecture, practical and laboratory researches is more significant. With the reasons of crisis of the higher education of the last time it is covered in discrepancy between opportunities of traditional methods of training and that volume of the actual knowledge which modern society demands from the trained. Therefore the Government of the Russian Federation sees solutions of tasks in development of educational process within an intensification, optimization of educational process and development of electronic education (Development of education 2013). The modern level of development of telecommunication means allows removed trainees to provide access to educational resources of educational institution (remote education). However, at realization of this approach sharply there is a problem of control of the actual knowledge acquired by the trainee. In article it is offered to consider one of forms of a paradigm of electronic education connected with creation of the virtual educational space (VES). Within VOP it is offered to resolve issues of training and control of knowledge at the new level.
About the Psycho-Pedagogical Requirements to Electronic Resources on Basic Engineering Subjects and Realization in Teaching Electro-Energetics
Authors: Zaynutdinova Larisa , Amirov Danis
Published: December 2015

This chapter considers an integrated approach to the development and study of the problems of designing electronic resource bases to create an open virtual learning environment for educational organizations, as well as the creation of electronic resource base, focused on the needs of the university, using the latest information and communication technologies. The chapter goal is analyses professors' Larisa Zaynutdinova and Vardan Mkrttchian last publications about the psycho-pedagogical requirements of electronic resources on basic engineering subjects and online education and virtual information sciences and technologies is Astrakhan State University and realization in teaching electro energetics using www.wizIQ.com plus Triple H-Avatar Cloud Private Platform of HHH University.
The Pedagogical and Engineering Features of E- and Blended-Learning of Adults Using Triple H-Avatar in Russian Federation
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan , Beljanina Lubov
Published: December 2015

This chapter identified the pedagogical and engineering features of Online & Blended Learning of Adults using Triple H - Avatar created by Prof. Vardan Mkrttchian (HHH University) in Russian Federation. As parts of research are conducted by us in the period from 2010 to 2015, we found that one of the main features of adult education is given the life and educational experience of the student. The resulting operations for adjustments to the organization of the learning process are a refinement of the program of study (or the curriculum or training contract). Using the training system Triple H-Avatar in accordance with these features of the organization of training is possible and is effective to the extent that the student, regardless of age, in a state in terms of motivation, responsibility, preliminary training, the overall development, the presence of life experience to actively participate in implementation of all the above actions, together with the teacher.
Control Engineering at High Schools and Universities
Authors: Shirokolobov Ilya , Filippov Sergey , Luchin Roman , Ovchinnikov Kirill , Fradkov Alexander , Oblapenko Georgy
Published: December 2015

The joint project of St. Petersburg State University and St. Petersburg Phys & Math Lyceum 239 “Cyberphysical laboratory” has started in 2008. As a result of the project the technique of teaching the elements of the control theory at school has been developed. Using the simple devices on the basis of Lego Mindstorms NXT, students of elementary school have started to master a science currently accessible only to high school or university students. In the first part of the chapter some ideas and recent findings of the project are described. In the second part of the chapter the testbed for studying and testing group control algorithms is presented. The main components and the basic principles of the testbed are described. Algorithms for target interception combined with collision avoidance are discussed and two different solutions are given. A comparison between real-life experiments and computer modeling is included.
Educational Interactions Quality in E-Learning Environment
Authors: Noskova Tatiana , Yakovleva Olga
Published: December 2015

The chapter is focused on the problem of educational interactions within E-learning environment. The main questions are: how E-learning environment participants initiate and maintain communication and how an E-learning environment quality can be accessed via the educational interactions analysis? Two directions of E-learning environment interactions assessment are described: formalized assessment, carried out by a teacher on the account of basic educational interactions algorithms; students' self-assessment. The first direction of assessment is proposed to be carried out with the use of basic algorithms of educational interactions in E-learning environment; while the second direction of assessment involves telecommunication reflexive educational technology.
Creating Model of E-Course
Authors: Sidorkina Irina , Rуbakov Aleksey
Published: December 2015

Modern educational systems function is as a medium for rapid analysis of shared information (FASMI), which defines information as analytical. The chapter shows the purpose of such analysis systems: work with distributed data in global computer networks, production and processing of semi structured information and knowledge. The purpose of this chapter based on last publications professors Irina Sidorkina (Volga State University of Technology) and Vardan Mkrttchian (HHH University) create model and program of Development E-course – as an object of Computer – Aided Design (CAD). The development of the methods and programming tools of synthesis of the new design object combining the record of optimization criteria, adaptive and intelligent components of design, distributed information processing and the Internet-based interaction creates favorable conditions for automation and adds new system properties to the present-day CAD. Dr. Alexey Rybakov (Omega-R Inc.) was a designing a software on the subject of this chapter.
Structural, Information, and Regulation Aspects of Political Online and Classic Communication
Authors: Aleshina Ekaterina
Published: December 2015

The chapter considers political communication organization in terms of its structural and information aspects. The specifics of classic and online political communication are described through the theory of factors of speech communication regulation. The detailed coverage of speech regulation factors enables the author to describe classic and online political discourse. The analysis reveals some similarities along with differences between the two above said types of political communication. Some of author's statements are exemplified with excerpts from political texts. The research was carried out on the material of American political discourse referring mostly to conflict situations and uses some ideas of communications by prof. Vardan Mkrttchian.
Cloud Mechatronic Laboratory for Remote Physical Experiments
Authors: Ananyevskiy Mikhail
Published: December 2015

Some problems of control over the Internet are presented. The mean problem for such control is unpredictable delays. Some statistics of delays for local net, wireless net and Internet is presented. It is obtained from experiments executed with developed software “Cloud mechatronic laboratory” (http://cmlaboratory.com). Several experiments of pendulums synchronization are considered. Hardware for experiments was constructed of Lego Mindstorms NXT. The advantages of “cloud mechatronic laboratory” for e-learning are discussed; also an overview of remote laboratories is presented.
System of People-Computer
Authors: Korikov Anatoly , Krivtsov Oleg
Published: December 2015

We live in the world of simple and difficult systems. This classification of systems is very conditional, nevertheless, the vast majority of our readers “the person – the computer” will enlist system in a class of difficult systems. In literature and the Internet this system is considered from various positions: philosophical, social, psychological, etc. In this “sea” of information it is possible to learn a lot of interesting about the considered systemHuman-machine interaction we will distinguish a complex problem of development of methods and means of effective interaction of people and the computer from many problems of ChMV. The solution of the called ChMV problem at the modern level is impossible without use of additional channels of information transfer (the speech, an articulation of lips, gestures, the direction of a look, etc.). In this direction many researchers and developers of computer interfaces, as in our country, and abroad work. Developers of the perspective human-machine computer systems (HMCS) consider that in system it is necessary to use some information channels (feelings of the person – the user) for input and output of an information action. Out of five human feelings (hearing, sight, taste, touch, sense of smell) the preference is given in our research to sight as the importance of visual information for the person is well-known.
Virtual Training of E-Learning in the Formation of Natural Science Educational Space
Authors: Matveeva Elvira
Published: December 2015

The beginning of the second decade of the 21st century is characterized by reforming the basic forms of acquisition of knowledge and skills of students as well as training. Currently the focus is on traditional forms of learning based on information and computer technology and distance education. The chapter goal is analyses Vardan Mkrttchian and Elvira Matveeva last publications about virtual training of E-learning Systems in the formation of natural science educational space and using basic chemistry subjects in online and blended education at Astrakhan State University and realization in teaching electro energetics using www.wizIQ.com plus Triple H-Avatar Cloud Private Platform of HHH University.
The Estimation and Control in E-Learning Systems
Authors: Ananeva Tatiana , Kudrov Yuri
Published: December 2015

The Estimation and Control in E-Learning Systems are based on the well-known idea that they are Techniques. In this chapter, the authors pose a broader question: are they Technique or Technology? The chapter analyses last publications by Prof. Vardan Mkrttchian and Dr. Azat Khannanov on this question. The chapter moves out and proves that the two discussed terms mark different approaches to E-Learning Systems. In this chapter to substantiate this thesis, the authors are to review these terms in their basic values. In this way it is possible to rely on a solid foundation of concepts “technology” and “method” and draw conclusions for the comprehension of the processes directly in the field of education.
Use of Estimation and Control Techniques for Increasing of Efficiency Training for Public Officers in Russia
Authors: Nedelko Sergey , Eremina Ekaterina , Lukanina Yulia , Lukanin Artem , Osteshkov Alexander , Matyukin Sergey
Published: December 2015

This chapter focuses on the use of technology estimation and control applied in Modern E-Learning Systems for training of public officers in Russia. Due to the rapid development of innovative technology, implementation of information science and technology in the educational process, it becomes obvious problem of interaction between the participants in the educational process and organizations - employers. This problem is particularly acute, and has its own specific characteristics in the field of continuing professional education of public officers in Russia. The authors propose to solve the problem of increasing the effectiveness of the training creation of a system of continuous professional development, the improvement of information and technical support activities for continuous professional development, including through the creation of a single information resource, including an updated bank of basic programs and additional professional Bank methodical, analytical and informational materials on the most pressing issues of implementation of the state policy for self-education.
Designing Online MBA Programs to Promote Transformative Learning and Knowledge Creation through Project-Based Learning Using the Job Characteristics Model
Authors: Norris Sharon. E.
Published: December 2015

Institutions of higher education are experiencing radical shifts as a result of advances in technology and communication along with increasing demands for online learning. The online learning environment creates a new learning space for students and instructors where new pedagogy and technology tools can be used to facilitate critical thinking and application of learning. Presented in this chapter is a design for online MBA programs to promote transformative learning and knowledge creation through project-based learning using the job characteristics model. Project-based learning activities enhance skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback thereby strengthening meaningfulness of learning activities and enhancing student motivation, satisfaction, and performance. While engaged in project-based learning activities, online MBA students have the freedom to proactively self-initiate changes in task, relationship, and cognitive boundaries thus nurturing an environment for job crafting. Online MBA Programs are most effective when business students apply learning to real work experiences.
Assessment of Learning and Technology
Authors: Fleenor Hillary G. , Hodhod Rania
Published: December 2015

The education of a nation is a critical component of economic growth. Education is itself shaped by economic, political, historical, technological, and other cultural factors. Society today is increasingly dependent on computers and technology. However, computer science (CS) continues to be viewed as an optional specialization rather than a core subject in U.S. education. The result is that our leaders will continue to lack the necessary understanding of technology that is critical for good policy and decision making. It is time to realize the importance of including CS as part of the core curriculum and utilizing current technology to assist this mission. This chapter discusses the current state of CS education in the US and focuses on how the integration of learning theories in digital educational environments along with rigorous assessment of such environments in the academic community can provide effective learning tools for increasing the availability and effectiveness of CS education.
Online Learning and Metacognition
Authors: Torrisi-Steele Geraldine
Published: December 2015

Online learning experiences are becoming the norm for an increasing number of higher education students. Although there are clear advantages to online learning in terms of flexibility and access, many students struggle to succeed, especially in purely online learning environments. To a large extent student success in online learning environments is dependent on students' ability to self-regulate and ‘learn for themselves'- both abilities related to academic metacognition. Unfortunately, even at university, many students do not have well developed metacognition. It is therefore important to consider carefully metacognitive scaffolding in the design of online learning experiences. However, the models of instructional design commonly used in online learning tend not to place great emphasis on the importance of metacognitive scaffolding. The aim of the present chapter is therefore to increase awareness of metacognition, as one of the important considerations in the design of online learning environments that can help to maximize chances of student success. Towards this end, a framework of instructional design that is more sensitive to metacognition is developed.
Technological Interventions
Authors: Cato Sayyid , Seepersad Rehana
Published: December 2015

This chapter examines online learning practices and related administrative concerns at a small college just outside of New York City where educators constantly seek to meet the evolving needs of learners. The learning environment consists of multiple factors that influence social exchange and academic achievement. Learning and consequently degree completion appears limited in part because there are insufficient avenues for self-expression, social connections, and communication exchange, considered antecedents to academic achievement. In this case study, the institution serves as the research site for identifying impediments to an effective learning environment, assessing current technologies in education, and identifying strategies that educators and administrators may implement as they actively enhance learners' academic engagement and achievement. The study presents an evaluation of the institution, its current practices, obstacles, assessment of risks, and recommendations toward conventions of traditional Learning Content Management Systems (LCMS) and organizational infrastructure.
Technological Tools to Enhance Workplace Learning among Virtual Team Members
Authors: Andrade Jeanette , Huang Wen-Hao David
Published: December 2015

The number of virtual employees that are a part of a virtual team is rising. To cohesively work within a virtual team, employees need to improve their knowledge and skills, both soft and hard. However, teaching one how to improve his soft skills virtually may be difficult. To address this issue, this chapter proposes a design framework to facilitate workplace learning among virtual employees by synthesizing social cognitive theory, social presence theory, swift trust theory, and conflict attribution theory based on a literature review. The proposed design framework contends that in order to support intended workplace learning, virtual employees should have opportunities to enhance social presence, to establish reciprocal trust, and to resolve conflicts collaboratively. This design framework intends to augment existing instructional system design models and to expand current instructional design thinking that seldom recognize the importance of soft social and communication skills in enhancing employee's virtual learning experience.
Cultural Intelligence and Experiential Learning Powering Faculty Intercultural Leadership Development
Authors: Ellis Althia
Published: December 2015

A look at today's higher education institutions shows an increasing number of culturally diverse students. The ability of faculty to value these learners can serve as an unmatched resource to enrich the learning experience for students and enhance the intercultural leadership development of faculty. We will explore how the integration of research in experiential learning and cultural intelligence (CQ) can help develop a process model for faculty to turn their interactions with diverse students into learning outcomes (Ng, Van Dyne, & Ang, 2009). The application of cultural intelligence, which offers a four-factor framework (metacognitive intelligence, cognitive intelligence, motivational intelligence, and behavioral intelligence) might increase the likelihood that faculty who interact with diverse students will engage in the four-stage theory of experiential learning: experience, reflection, conceptualization, and experimentation (Ng, Van Dyne, & Ang, 2009; Mezirow, 1997). The experience will impact experiential and learning outcomes, and can lead to multiple advantages.
Youth Learning in Afterschool Programs
Authors: Lauzon Al , Christie Sarah , Cross Heather , Khan Bushra , Khan Bakhtawar
Published: December 2015

This chapter reports on the learning outcomes of an after-school program (ASP) known as Fusion Youth and Technology Centre (Fusion) situated in Ingersoll, Ontario. The chapter begins by making the case that ASPs are part of the lifelong learning infrastructure and they should be given more consideration by researchers and policy-makers. This is followed by examining the changes in education and its implications for youth followed by a discussion of ASPs and positive youth development. A description of Fusion is presented and then the findings of four studies conducted at Fusion are reviewed. The discussion focuses on learning outcomes and reports back in terms of external and internal assets necessary for positive youth development to occur and their relationship to technical skill development. A conclusion is then drawn that ASPs with a focus on technology programs can have significant learning outcomes in terms of capacities and technical skills developed. Furthermore, it is argued that the benefts are often derived by rural youth who are not successful educationally, come from lower socio-economic homes, and are the youth who are most likely to be at-risk.
Critical Thinking, Instruction, and Professional Development for Schools in the Digital Age
Authors: Coleman Howard V. , Dickerson Jeremy , Dotterer Dennis
Published: December 2015

This chapter presents theories, issues and practices for creating effective, technologically rich learning environments in schools. In the digital age, teachers and school leaders must work together to ensure the development of higher level critical thinking skills for students. Using Bloom's Revised Taxonomy of Knowledge and Webb's Depth of Knowledge as theoretical guides, this chapter discusses how teachers may move towards more flexible, student-centered instructional models rather than traditional teacher-centered methodologies. Guiding questions are presented to assist teachers in determining what to consider when designing technology-enhanced instruction to promote higher level critical thinking skills. Topics include a review of technological factors influencing technology integration, modifications of teacher practices to best match the changing culture in K-12 classrooms, examinations of pedagogical practices in techno-centric classrooms, current and future professional development needs for teachers, and the importance of assessment and evaluation in monitoring the effectiveness of instructional practices in 21st Century learning environments.
A Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach for Evaluation of MOOCs Platforms
Authors: Singh Sunil Pratap , Singh Preetvanti
Published: December 2015

Technology and globalization have increased accessibility to higher education. In recent years, the concept of online or distance learning has expanded to a growing number of Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs), i.e. enrolling in free higher education courses open for any Internet user. MOOCs are recent trends in distance learning promoted by several prestigious universities. This Chapter describes what MOOC is with review of the history, its characteristics, advantages, and different platforms for developing of MOOCs. The authors also discuss the multi-criteria nature of MOOCs and identify the parameters important for selecting a MOOC platform. It is hoped that MOOC will enhance accessibility, student engagement, and experiences for lifelong learning which will empower and inspire educators around the world and promote success in learning.
Learning Opportunities and Outcomes of Design Research in the Digital Age
Authors: Siu Kin Wai Michael , Wong Yi Lin
Published: December 2015

Computer and Internet technology has spread all over the world. As design research is a fast-growing discipline, it is worthwhile to examine its relationship with technology. Subsequently, this chapter aims to discuss the influence of computers and the Internet on design and design research in the digital age. Two kinds of design research, designerly and scholarly research, are defined. The influence of technology on them is examined. The chapter also finds that digitalization, computer software and hardware and Internet technology have facilitated the development of design research. They have created more learning opportunities and resulting in better learning outcomes in the field. However, despite these positive results, there are some drawbacks. These technologies may also limit some learning outcomes and pose risks to the development of design research.
Through the Eyes of Students and Faculty
Authors: Barakat Maysaa , Weiss-Randall Debra N.
Published: December 2015

Online enrollments have been growing substantially faster than overall higher education enrollments. It is argued that online learning can help address issues of educational inequity, poverty, and social exclusion. The momentum is moving towards online learning, and universities are pressured to develop more online options for their students in order to stay relevant and provide needed flexibility. On average, courses that are delivered online have higher attrition rates than regular face-to-face courses. There are numerous challenges and difficulties in developing online learning environments without sacrificing the quality of learning. This case study examines the development, delivery, and evaluation of online learning through the eyes of students and faculty of an educational leadership department in a Southeast research university.
Technology Paved the Road for Students in a High-School Dropout Recovery Program to an Online College Class
Authors: Brahler C. Jayne
Published: December 2015

Although there are Federal programs that are intended to assist a wide range of people with getting a college education, the educational attainment statistics confirm that these programs are not reaching the students who are the least apt to go to college. This chapter describes how technology enabled 52 inner-city high school students, 49% of whom had cumulative high school grade point averages (GPA) that were between 1.0 and 1.9 points, to be dually enrolled in an online college class and their online high school classes. The class average for the quizzes the students completed was 88% and the students who took the final exam scored, on average, 86%. There were some unexpected delays and difficulties along the way, but the students performed at a college level in a difficult class.
The Digital Journey
Authors: Brown Susannah , Bird Jennifer Lynne , Musgrove Ann , Powers Jillian
Published: December 2015

This chapter provides educators with innovative strategies to enhance learning and technology. The authors use a variety of creative approaches that integrate interdisciplinary techniques. Such examples include integrating learning theory and technology, creative problem solving through technology, using technology to enhance teaching and learning methods, visualizing information through technology (with art and design), and additional technology tools for practical application. How will technological advancement continue to transform the teaching and learning process in the digital age? As educators explore answers to this question, we consider our present students and their strengths and needs which guide teaching and learning choices in classrooms. The authors of this chapter explore how technology has facilitated greater opportunities for learners to engage in non-linear, interactive, and ubiquitous learning experiences. Strategies and tools that teachers have adapted for pedagogical practices to meet the needs of digital age learners are shared.
Twitter in Foreign Language Classes
Authors: Blattner Geraldine , Dalola Amanda , Lomicka Lara
Published: December 2015

This chapter looks at the potential of the mircroblogging tool Twitter as a multifaceted resource for foreign language learners and educators. It highlights how this microblogging and social networking service provides authentic settings that are both dynamic and communicative, and which facilitate the cultural enrichment of first-year French learners, by enhancing their socio-pragmatic awareness and developing their multiliteracy skills in a second language. We argue for the importance of making students aware of this linguistic culture from an early stage of their language studies. This invisible second language culture is rarely discussed in traditional classrooms and only sporadically presented in foreign language textbooks; however, it can easily be experienced in digital environments like Twitter, making it an ideal context for such exposure. Our results suggest that the incorporation of linguistic cultural elements is indispensable to the development of intercultural communicative competence, a skill that paves the way for successful communication across national boundaries and in different electronic discourses.
MENA Region and the Possible Beginning of World System Reconfiguration
Authors: Grinin Leonid Efimovich , Korotayev Andrey
Published: December 2015

This chapter offers a thorough analysis of the internal conditions in the MENA countries on the eve of the Arab Spring, as well as causes and consequences of the Arab Revolutions. The chapter also offers an analysis of similar historical World System reconfigurations starting with the 16th century Reformation. The analysis is based on the theory (developed by the authors) of the periodical catch-ups experienced by the political component of the World System that tends to lag behind the World System economic component. Thus, we show that the asynchrony of development of various functional subsystems of the World Sys-tem is a cause of the synchrony of major political changes. In other words, with-in the globalization process, political transformations tend to lag far behind economic transformations. And such lags cannot constantly increase, the gaps are eventually bridged, but in not quite a smooth way. The chapter also suggests an explanation why the current catch-up of the World System political component started in the MENA region.
The Relation between Money and Happiness in MENA Countries
Authors: Yıldız Hilal
Published: December 2015

Even though economic growth plays very important role in development, governments stressed the importance of happiness now. The crucial question is that what exactly is the relationship between happiness and money? Or, what can determine happiness? In recent years, the human well-being of its people has been accepted as a new economic inequalities measure. Not only economic performance of the country but also social, political and cultural performance of the country has been accepted as an indicator of better life of the people. Questions which will be discussed are thinking whether or not economic growth plays a major role in happiness and how the relation between economic growth and happiness. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the relationship between economic growth and happiness in the MENA Region using an empirical analysis.
Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Africa
Authors: Kittilaksanawong Wiboon , Dai Weiqi
Published: December 2015

China has rapidly expanded outward foreign direct investments through its remarkable economic growth and the ‘go global' policy. The country has extended aids to developing countries particularly in Africa. The Chinese approach for aid in the region is built on the principles of unconditionality, which do not explicitly require political openness, strong economic and management practices, good human rights performance, or environmentally responsible policies on the part of recipient governments. Such principles are welcomed by the African states. However, their overall successful development is linked to the long-term substantial institutional reforms. This chapter addresses the rising debates on the Chinese approach to aid and investment in Africa. The chapter includes discussion on the political economy of China and its motivations for investment in the continent, the bargaining process for investment opportunities between the two governments, and the dilemmas of Chinese engagement in Africa. Implications for managers and policy makers are provided in the last section.
The Effect of Cultural and Creative Industries on Economic Development of the Cities
Authors: Okandan Gokce Dervisoglu
Published: December 2015

Cultural creative industries are an emerging field which gained importance on the intangible nature of the subject both for the developed and developing economies. The post- industrial discussion on many developed countries, especially after the economic crisis, is very much related with the access of human factor, intangible assets, innovation aspect of the country. This chapter discusses the role of contemporary art market in urban transformation focusing on two examples from MENA region: Turkey and the UAE. The chapter furthermore discusses different kinds of cultural planning aspect using comparative analysis of major cultural cities Istanbul, Dubai and Abu Dhabi.
Efficacy of Narrative/Discourse Analysis and Autoethnographic Research Methods in Communication/Media and Ethnic Conflict Studies
Authors: Sekalala Seif
Published: December 2015

In this chapter, the author briefly surveys some seminal macro- and micro- studies relevant to the study of forced migration narratives and discourses, identity, and sensemaking and resilience, and he presents some of his most significant research findings to-date on the narrative sensemaking and resilience processes of Rwandan former refugees and genocide survivors (FRGS). The author also reflects on the personal experiences that inspired him to take up that research, and the need for more scholars of communication/media and ethnic violence (and mass conflicts at large) to make use of their own shared backgrounds with research participants.