bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Kualitatif tentang Pola Konsumsi pada Ibu Hamil Kekurangan Energi Kronis di Desa Batuputih Laok
Authors: Fadzilah Rochmanita Ilvanadewi , Yuliatik Ita , Puspikawati Septa Indra , Mahiroh Hodimatum
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang: Kurang Energi Kronis (KEK) merupakan sebuah permasalahn gizi  yang sering terjadi kepada wanita hamil dikarenakan kekurangan energi kronik dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) pada negara berkembang adalah hasil komulatif dari suatu keadaan kurang gizi sejak pada masa janin, bayi, serta masa kanak-kanak yang dapat berlanjut hingga dewasa. Ibu hamil dengan  KEK berisiko untuk melahirkan bayi dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah.
Tujuan: Dalam Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis penyebab Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Desa Batuputih Laok.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian deskriptif melalui pendekatan fenomenologi. Subyek penelitian diambil secara purposive. Subjek penelitian adalah ibu hamil KEK dengan anemia di Desa Batuputih Laok sebagai informan kunci dengan jumlah 6 orang.
Hasil: Informan memiliki rentang usia 20-29 tahun dengan pendidikan SD, SMA, dan D3. Seluruh informan mengalami anemia dan LILA <23,5 cm sehingga termasuk KEK. Selain itu, hasil indepth interview menunjukkan bahwa ibu hamil tidak mau mengkonsumsi makanan dengan gizi seimbang selama masa kehamilannya. Selain itu, ibu hamil tidak mengonsumsi ikan dan protein lainnya karena tidak suka bau amisnya serta ada pantangan untuk konsumsi ikan. Beberapa informan dalam sehari terkadang hanya makan satu kali meskipun dalam kondisi hamil. Informan tidak meminum Fe karena tidak suka minum obat, selain itu terdapat informan yang tidak meminum Fe selama hamil lima bulan dikarenakan mual-mual.
Kesimpulan: KEK pada ibu hamil disebabkan oleh pola konsumsi tidak mau konsumsi makanan tinggi protein, adanya pantangan dari orangtua, menu makanan yang tidak beragam, porsi makan kurang dari kebutuhan kalori, frekuensi makan yang kurang, serta tidak minum Fe. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya penyuluhan serta  konseling gizi kepada ibu hamil untuk dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya gizi seimbang bagi ibu hamil serta meluruskan kekeliruan tentang pantangan makan.
Hubungan Lingkar Lengan Atas (LILA) pada Ibu Hamil dengan Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR): Systematic Review
Authors: Nisak Siti Khoirotun , Nadhiroh Siti Rahayu
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang: Indonesia tercatat mempunyai fenomena yang cukup tinggi atas kematian ibu dan bayi dibanding pada negara berkembang lainnya. Jumlah kematian bayi baru lahir pada tahun 2015 sebanyak 33.278 kasus, turun dari 32.007 kasus pada tahun 2015 dan sebanyak 10.294 kasus pada triwulan I tahun 2017. Kasus BBLR (Berat Badan Lahir Rendah) menjadi salah satu variabel yang mendorong terjadinya kematian pada bayi, sebanyak 38,5% kasus terjadi di Indonesia. Bayi mengalami BBLR apabila berat badan ketika lahir tidak mencapai 2.500 gram. Terjadinya BBLR dapat dikontrol oleh kondisi gizi dari ibu hamil. Status gizi ibu pada risiko kasus BBLR dapat diukur menggunakan antropometri yaitu Lingkar Lengan Atas (LILA) serta Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT).  Ibu hamil memiliki resiko yang tinggi apabila angka LILA<23,5 cm dan IMT <18.
Tujuan: Studi literatur ini lakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Lingkar Lengan Atas (LILA) ibu hamil terhadap risiko BBLR.
Metode: Penulisan artikel ini menggunaka metode systematic review. Sumber data dari artikel di didapatkan dari artikel literatur Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar dan didapatkan 10 artikel yang relevan. Artikel di batasi hanya penelitian original yang digunakan dengan tahun terbit 2017 sampai 2022.
Hasil: Terpapar penyakit infeksi dan penyakit non infeksi dapat memperburuk efek malnutrisi ibu hamil dan janin yang dikandungnya sehingga memberikan dampak pada terjadinya BBLR, ibu yang mempunyai LILA≤ 23, 5 cm dapat mengalmai KEK (Kekurangan Energi Kronis) sehingga dapat melahirkan bayi dengan BBLR ,BBLR juga menyebabkan risiko meninggal yang lebih besar  yaitu 20 kali dibanding pada kelahiran bayi dengan berat badan ideal.
Kesimpulan: Tinjauan ini menyimpulkan bahwa LILA ibu hamil memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan masalah BBLR.
Foreign Aid Dependency in Central Asia (Cases of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan)
Authors: Zakharov A. , Rahimzoda M.
Published: August 2024

For many years donor aid served as a key strategy utilized by wealthier nations to address the global disparities in developing world. Foreign aid was a source of financial resources for economic growth, infrastructure development and, social programs. However, in recent years, the nature of aid has shifted notably becoming an instrument with its far-reaching conditionality. Donor aid shapes policies in receiving states reflecting a more interventionist approach. Many scholars argue that donor aid paradoxically hinders recipient country´s development causing dependency and this dependency is not only economic or financial but also political. The article draws parallels between the dependency theory and donor aid. The dependency theory emerging as opposed to modernity theory in the 1950th goaled to explain underdevelopment in Latin America has maintained its relevance nowadays and re-emerged in academic discourse. In the modern era, donor aid symbolizes the dependency of Global South on Global North. While aimed at poverty reduction and promotion of economic development in recipient nations, donor aid exacerbates issues such corruption, bad governance, mismanagement of natural resources, environmental degradation and constrains their sovereignty benefiting more donor countries rather than recipient ones. Through the cases of two poorest states in Central Asia – Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, the article enlightens the relationship between the dependency theory and donor aid with the special attention paid to Chinese enormous grants and loans. The research demonstrates how these two nations, due to limited resources and economic challenges, have heavily become reliant on foreign aid which in some cases hinder their sovereignty, political and economic independence.
Mutations in Ras homolog family member A in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma and implications for personalized medicine
Authors: Hu Lina , Zhang Xuanye , Zang Shengbing
Published: August 2024

Genome sequencing has revealed frequent mutations in Ras homolog family member A (RHOA) among various cancers with unique aberrant profiles and pathogenic effects, especially in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). The discrete positional distribution and types of RHOA amino acid substitutions vary according to the tumor type, thereby leading to different functional and biological properties, which provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis and potential targeted therapies for various tumors. However, the similarities and discrepancies in characteristics of RHOA mutations among various histologic subtypes of PTCL have not been fully elucidated. Herein we highlight the inconsistencies and complexities of the type and location of RHOA mutations and demonstrate the contribution of RHOA variants to the pathogenesis of PTCL by combining epigenetic abnormalities and activating multiple downstream pathways. The promising potential of targeting RHOA as a therapeutic modality is also outlined. This review provides new insight in the field of personalized medicine to improve the clinical outcomes for patients.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 3 по 9 августа 2024 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Краснов Ярослав , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: August 2024

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 Omicron вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 3 по 9 августа 2024 г.
Ferromagnetism and correlated insulating states in monolayer Mo33Te56
Authors: Pan Zemin , xiong wenqi , Dai Jiaqi , Zhang Hui , Wang Yunhua , Jian Tao , Cui Xingxia , Deng Jinghao , Lin Xiaoyu , Cheng Zhengbo , Bai Yusong , Zhu Chao , Huo Da , Li Geng , Feng Min , He Jun , Ji Wei , Yuan Shengjun , Wu Fengcheng , Zhang Chendong , Gao Hong-Jun
Published: August 2024

Although the kagome model is fundamentally two-dimensional, the essential kagome physics, i.e., the kagome-bands-driven emergent electronic states, has yet to be explored in the monolayer limit. Here, we present the experimental realization of kagome physics in monolayer Mo33Te56, showcasing both ferromagnetic ordering and a correlated insulating state with an energy gap of up to 15 meV. This finding is facilitated by an unprecedented structural phase of monolayer Mo-Te compound, which forms a mirror-twin boundary loop superlattice exhibiting kagome geometry and multiple sets of kagome bands, as elucidated by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and theoretical calculations. The partial occupancy of these nearly flat bands results in Fermi surface instability, counteracted by the emergence of ferromagnetic order (with a coercive field ~0.1 T, as observed by spin-polarized STM) and the opening of a correlated hard gap. Our work establishes a robust framework featuring well-defined atomic and band structures, alongside the intrinsic two-dimensional nature, essential for the rigorous examination of kagome physics.
WITHDRAWN: Factors influencing the acceptance of wrist-worn wearable devices by the elderly in China
Authors: Cai Min , Zhao Yanling , Wu Miaohuan , Luo Xinggang
Published: August 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
A Combinatorial Approach Towards Ramanujan's Partition Congruences Modulo 5, 7 and 11 In Terms Of Its Corresponding Cranks
Authors: De Subham
Published: August 2024

The primary purpose of this article is to provide an explicit interpretation of \textit{Ramanujan}'s Partition Congruences, namely, $p(5n+4)\equiv 0\mbox{ }(mod\mbox{ }5)$, $p(7n+5)\equiv 0\mbox{ }(mod\mbox{ }7)$ and, $p(11n+6)\equiv 0\mbox{ }(mod\mbox{ }11)$, $p(n)$ being the \textit{partition function} corresponding to any positive integer $n$, in terms of their corresponding \textit{Cranks} using various combinatorial arguments implemented by \textit{Dyson}, \textit{Atkin}, \textit{Swinnerton-Dyer} and later by \textit{Andrews} and, \textit{Garvan} to justify all the necessary concepts pertaining to this topic.

2020 MSC: Primary 11-02, 11P81, 11P82, 11P83, 11P84. Secondary 11B75, 05A16, 05A17, 05A30.
Magnetic resonance imaging-based quantification of endosomal escape using iron oxide nanoparticles-loaded lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Im Hyung-Jun , Park Jeongbin , Lee Somin , Jung Han Na , Li Shengjun , Lee Woojin
Published: August 2024

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have attracted attention as a promising and advanced platform for the delivery of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. The therapeutic efficacy of LNP-based drugs depends heavily on endosomal escape. However, few methods are available for quantifying the efficiency of endosomal escape. In this study, we developed a novel method to quantify the endosomal escape efficiency using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We synthesized ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and incorporated them into LNPs to produce IO@LNPs. After cells internalized the IO@LNPs, we observed a decline in the R2 relaxation over time, suggesting that free IONPs were dispersed due to endosomal escape. Biological electron microscopy further corroborated this finding, showing a strong correlation between the R2 relaxation and the number of intracellular vesicles harboring the intact IO@LNPs. Furthermore, in-vivo MRI experiments in mice demonstrated an initial drop and a gradual increase in the T2 signal at the tissue site where IO@LNPs were injected, indicating the potential for in-vivo application of our method. Our findings could lead to advancements in LNP-based nucleic acid delivery by enhancing the understanding of endosomal escape dynamics.
Enhancing hatchery production efficiency for commercial offshore cultivation of giant kelp (macrocystis pyrifera) in Luderitz, Namibia
Authors: Andreas Hilinganye A. , Fleischman Michael J. , Iitembu Johannes A.
Published: August 2024

Macrocystis pyrifera is a potential candidate for aquaculture because it grows rapidly, forms extensive underwater forests, and yields substantial biomass; and was the focus of this study. This study assessed sporophyte production by gametophytes of M. pyrifera obtained from three populations: California (CAL), South Africa (CAT), and the Falkland Islands (FL) in relation to environmental parameters. Factors examined included temperature (7.5, 10 - control, 12.5°C), irradiance (22.5, 30 - control, 37.5 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹), and gametophyte stocking densities (0.085, 0.114 - control, 0.142 mg cm⁻²). The data collected were the time required for sporophyte generation at weekly intervals and the quantities of sporophytes produced per cm2. results indicated that a temperature of 12.5°C accelerated sporophyte production across all populations, with outputs of 126.03 (± 101.44) in CAL, 694.44 (± 244.46) in CAT and 1265.42 (± 448.30) in FL. At 7.5°C, no viable sporophyte production was observed for either CAL or CAT, whereas for FL, an increase in sporophyte quantities was observed (2142.49 (± 736.44)). In FL, reduced irradiance (22.5 µmol·m⁻².s⁻¹) resulted in increased sporophytes outputs (1705.25 (± 657.28)), while the control irradiance (30 µmol·m⁻². s⁻¹) was optimal for CAL 259.26 (± 203.16) and CAT 1970.16 (± 888.01). Gametophyte stocking density yielded the highest sporophyte outputs in CAT (1898.15 (± 534.67)) and FL (749.42 (± 359.09)) at the control treatment, while no differences were recorded for CAL between all density treatments. This study revealed that the optimization of sporophyte production through parameter manipulation enhances efficiency, and future research can explore increased lab temperature and its impact on sea recruitment rates.
Facilitators’ perspective towards implementation of Competency Based Medical Education (CBME) in a Government Medical College in Delhi: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Dhandapani Ghurumourthy , Kumar Sanjeev , Gupta Sunanda , Lukhmana Shveta
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) has emerged as a transformative approach to medical education worldwide over past few years. It focuses on the overall development of trainee physicians for ultimate provision of effective and safe patient care. In India, it was an anticipated change in medical education. It got implemented in 2019.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 127 faculty members of Vardhman Mahavir Medical College an Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi in July 2022, with a validated self-developed questionnaire (Cronbach alpha 0.85) to evaluate facilitators perspective about the recently rolled out CBME and perceived challenges for implementing CBME in a medical college of Delhi.
Results
The median age of faculty members were 42 years with median teaching experience of ten years. Ninety-one percent faculty members aware of CBME and 88% felt that it was better than old medical curriculum. Integrated teaching (62%) and early clinical exposure (55%) were the most the common perceived benefits of CBME. Ninety-three percent and eighty-five percent of faculty members felt that infrastructural deficit and time and priorities were major barriers for implementation of CBME, respectively.
Conclusion
National medical commission (NMC) should guide for sufficient infrastructure and ensure periodical training to faculty members.
Unexplained emphysema of scrotum and thigh after direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Gong Zhangfan , Luo Xiongjunjie , Tan Congcong , Weng Lian , Yin Yiran
Published: August 2024

Background Direct anterior approach(DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA), which has the characteristics of less trauma, quick recovery and low risk of early dislocation, is a popular surgical procedure for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Common early complications of DAA total hip arthroplasty include the injury of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, deep vein thrombosis, poor incision healing and unequal length of legs, etc. Emphysema of scrotum and thigh is very rare and there is no report about it occurred after DAA total hip arthroplasty.Case presentation: This is the first report about emphysema of scrotum and thigh after DAA total hip arthroplasty. A 55-year-old man with osteonecrosis of the left femoral head suffered unexplained emphysema of scrotum and the left thigh after DAA total hip arthroplasty. On the second day after operation, the patient complained of swelling and pain in his left thigh and swelling in the scrotum. The ultrasound examination of the scrotum indicated subcutaneous emphysema of the scrotum. The computed tomography scan and the ultrasound examination of the left thigh revealed pneumoderm and air in the intramuscular spaces. we gave the patient symptomatic treatment to ease pain and improve blood circulation, but we did not obtain a obvious curative effect. On the ninth postoperative day, the swelling of the patient’s left thigh and the scrotum partially relieved and he was discharged. The patient recovered well at one month and one year follow-up.Conclusion We firstly report a rare complication of emphysema of scrotum and thigh after direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty in order to recommend it to orthopedists and attach their attention. We did not find the exact cause of this rare complication and hope to discuss the potential causes with all colleagues at the same time.
Overexpression of tlr5 affects gut microbiota resistance to Salmonella infection
Authors: Lei Chen , Wang Yue , Jiang Lijing , Zhang Lu , Tang Weiyi , Li Zhi , Zhao Xu , Li Xiang
Published: August 2024

Background
The gut microbiome and the host immune system interact synergistically to maintain intestinal health and defend against infections. Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), known for recognizing bacterial flagellin, plays a pivotal role in this regulatory network. Despite significant advances in understanding the gut microbiome and TLR5, the precise role of TLR5 in gut health and infection resistance remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of TLR5 in regulating gut microbiota and metabolites and their impact on resistance to Salmonella infection using a TLR5 intestinal-specific overexpression mouse model.
Methods
Fecal microbiota and metabolite transplantation experiments were conducted using feces from TLR5-overexpressing mice (TLR5+/+ group) and wild-type mice (WT group) into C57 mice, creating four experimental groups: Flora-TLR5-C57, Metabolite-TLR5-C57, Flora-WT-C57, and Metabolite-WT-C57. Mice were infected with Salmonella, and various parameters including survival time, fecal Salmonella load, and alterations in gut microbiota and metabolites were assessed.
Results
Despite notable shifts in gut microbiota composition and metabolite profiles induced by TLR5 overexpression, no significant differences in fecal Salmonella load or survival time were observed across the experimental groups. TLR5-overexpressing mice exhibited an enrichment of beneficial bacterial taxa and significant changes in metabolites; however, these alterations did not correlate with enhanced resistance to Salmonella infection.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that while TLR5 overexpression significantly modifies gut microbiota and metabolite profiles, these changes do not directly enhance resistance to Salmonella infection. The immune response to Salmonella is multifaceted and involves various components beyond the gut microbiota and metabolites. Further research is required to elucidate the detailed molecular pathways through which TLR5 influences infection outcomes and to explore potential combined therapeutic strategies for enhancing host defenses against enteric pathogens.
Determination of Cryptococcal Antigen in Newly Diagnosed HIV Infected Patients Attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto North- Western Nigeria
Authors: Usman Abubakar Babangida , Yau Yassar Muhammad , Ibrahim Adamu Muhammad , Folashade Salaudeen Zainab , Abdullahi Hamisu , Hamid Kabir Magaji
Published: August 2024

Cryptococcosis is a common infectious disease that contributes significantly to death in HIV/AIDS patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cryptococcal antigen among newly diagnosed HIV infected patients with CD4 count below 200µL attending antiretroviral clinic in specialist hospital Sokoto.. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the HIV clinic of the Sokoto Specialist Hospital. The participants were newly diagnosed HIV positive patients recruited through thorough random sampling. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects were recorded. Blood was obtained from the subjects to determine their CD4 level and the presence of cryptococcosis. Their CD4 levels were measured using the Visitect CD4 Advanced Disease Kit, and the presence of cryptococcal antigen in the blood sample was discovered using the CrAg LFA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were completed. Out of the 154 HIV-positive patients recruited, 55 had CD4 count below 200µL (prevalence of 35.7%), 21 were positive to cryptococcal antigen (prevalence of 38.2%), and cryptococcal antigen and HIV co-infection was high among married couples (prevalence of 61.9%) and the age group of 31–40 (prevalence of 47.6%). The socioeconomic distribution of the co-infection showed that it was high among Hausa/Fulani, business owners, and informally educated people. This study reveals that cryptococcosis is a burden among HIV patients in Sokoto, and its frequency is linked to lower CD4 levels.
Nonmetal-Hybridized Interstitial High-Entropy Platinum Alloys for Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Practical Fuel Cells
Authors: Liu Tao , Gao Pengyu , Li Junjian , Li Xuyao , Zhang De , Zhong Li , Liu Min , Franke Carlo , Gao Zongyan , Zhou Lina , Li Tong , Liu Hao , Cheng Yongxin , Zhang Lihan , Yan Pengfei , Shi Zhan
Published: August 2024

Discovering catalysts with both extraordinary activity and stability is a pivotal, yet highly challenging task for many modern electrocatalysis. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been considered promising electrocatalysts that could fulfill both requirements, in that their high configurational entropy could stabilize the catalyst independently of the enthalpic factor closely coupled to catalytic efficacy. It is hypothesized that incorporation of nonmetallic elements (N, B, F etc.) into conventional all-metallic HEAs might stimulate unique virtues complementing the roles of metallic constitutes. However, incorporating multiple light nonmetal elements into HEAs within a single synthesis is highly challenging, where distinctive and harsh synthetic conditions are typically required, due to the vastly differing properties of these nonmetals and their low affinities to many late transition metals. Here we introduce a generic synthesis that can simultaneously incorporate B, N, F into the interstitial sites of Pt-based HEA, and propose nonmetal-hybridized interstitial HEAs as material-exploration platforms for efficiently discovering exceptional electrocatalysts. As a first example, we demonstrate that these interstitial Pt HEAs can act as outstanding oxygen reduction electrocatalysts for fuel cells, particularly the N-incorporated catalysts exhibiting the-state-of-the-art activity and durability at both material and membrane-electrode-assembly levels. Given the distinct properties of B and F to N, such as electronegativity and polar hydrophobicity, we anticipate that B-/F-/multi-nonmetal incorporation could lead to more advanced compositions and elaborately designed catalyst layers, facilitating the construction of a catalytically more effective and robust mass-transport networks for ultralow-Pt fuel cells. The concept of nonmetal-hybridized interstitial HEAs presents tremendous opportunities for addressing challenging electrocatalysis involving complex tandem reaction steps.
Dynamically triggered seismicity in Japan following the 2024 Mw7.5 Noto earthquake
Authors: An Like , Enescu Bogdan , Peng Zhigang , Miyazawa Masatoshi , Gonzalez-Huizar Hector , Ito Yoshihiro
Published: August 2024

On January 1st, 2024, a moment magnitude (Mw) 7.5 earthquake occurred on an active reverse fault in the northern part of Noto Peninsula, being one of the largest intraplate events recorded in Japan. In previous studies, the dynamic triggering of seismicity in Japan following some large remote earthquakes has been well documented, such as in the case of the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake, and other large teleseismic events. In this study, we investigate the remote triggering of earthquakes, and its characteristics, associated with the 2024 Noto earthquake. We analyze waveform data recorded at high-sensitivity seismic stations in Japan, before and after the occurrence of the Noto mainshock. Local earthquakes are detected on high-pass filtered three-component seismograms. Low-pass filtered waveforms are used for visualizing the mainshock surface waves and estimating dynamic stresses. Our results show a relatively widespread activation of small earthquakes - most of them not listed in the JMA earthquake catalog - that were triggered by the passage of the mainshock surface waves in many regions of Japan. These include Hokkaido and Tohoku in northeastern Japan, Kanto in central Japan, and Kyushu in southern Japan. The triggering is mostly observed in volcanic regions, supporting the hypothesis that such places are relatively easy to be activated dynamically, likely due to the excitation of fluids by the passage of mainshock surface waves. The calculated dynamic stress changes estimated from peak ground velocities, which triggered the earthquakes after the Noto mainshock, are in the range 12.8 to 102.6 kPa. We also report on a potential dynamic triggering by the Mw 5.3 Noto foreshock that occurred ~4 min before the Mw 7.5 mainshock, at levels of stress about 100 times smaller. The analysis of a longer-term (1 month) seismicity pattern, based on the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) catalog, revealed a statistically significant increase of seismicity in one remote volcanic area, which may relate to the Noto earthquake as well.
Clinical efficacy analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage combined with levofloxacin in the treatment of refractory drug-resistant mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Authors: Han Lin-lin , Ma JING , Liu Shuai-shuai , Yan Xiu-LI , Tang Xiao-di , Li Qian
Published: August 2024

Background
The purpose of this article is to explore the efficacy and safety of bronchoalveolar lavage with levofloxacin combined with intravenous infusion in the treatment of refractory drug-resistant mycoplasma pneumonia.
Methods
120 children with refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) were studied and divided into the control group (60 cases) and the observation group (60 cases) based on different treatment methods. The control group was received levofloxacin treatment and control supportive treatment, while the observation group was received bronchoscopy for alveolar lavage on the lesion side in addition to the control group, and local drug retention of levofloxacin was performed. Observe for 7 days after treatment and compare the improvement of clinical symptoms, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin (SF), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon -γ (IFN-γ) between two groups of patients.
Results
Compared with the control group, the observation group had a shorter time in the symptom improvement and hospital stay. After treatment, the serum CRP, SF, LDH, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels in both groups were significantly decreased, and the observation group was lower than the control group, and the difference between two groups was statistical significance (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Bronchoscopic alveolar lavage combined with levofloxacin can help alleviate the inflammatory response of children with severe mycoplasma pneumonia, improve clinical symptoms, accelerate treatment progress, and shorten hospital stay. This indicates that bronchoalveolar lavage with levofloxacin is a treatment method with definite efficacy and worthy of clinical promotion in children.
Phenolic monoterpene Bakuchiol ameliorates age related Parkinsonism
Authors: Ranjan Sachin , Khan Salman , Sharma Shruti , Trivedi Mashu , TRIVEDI SHALINI , Pandey Rakesh
Published: August 2024

The phenomenon of aging comes with various spontaneous physiological changes including structural, functional, molecular and cellular. whereas, deterioration from the normal physiology brings chronic changes associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases related to aging are the most concerned topic due to their devitalizing conditions with lack of therapy options that simultaneously affects the economic and social status. In our study we illustrated the longevity and anti-parkinsonism activity of Bakuchiol (BAK), a phytomolecule from Psoralea corylifolia. Our result showed BAK elevate mean life span up to 38% along with the enhanced survival rate under stress. Additionally, BAK reduces ROS level via boosting anti-oxidant level through upregulating expression of anti- oxidative genes sod-3 and gst-4. Remarkably, BAK exhibits neuroprotective effects by attenuating α-synuclein levels. These findings suggest that, in addition to its antioxidant and lifespan-extending properties, BAK positively regulates neurological health. In summary, our study establishes the potential curative effects of BAK on age-related neurodegenerative disorders, positioning it as a promising nootropic drug in modern medicine with broader implications for age-related neurodegeneration.
MRI and CT Compatible Asymmetric Bilayer Hydrogel Electrodes for EEG-Based Brain Activity Monitoring
Authors: Lu Qifeng , Ren Guoqiang Ren , Zhang Mingxuan , Zhuang Liping , Li Lianhui , Zhao Shunying , Guo Jinxiu , Zhao Yinchao , Peng zhaoxiang , Lian Jiangfang , Liu Botao , Ma Jingyun , Hu Xiaodong , Zhang Zhewei , Zhang Ting , Hao Mingming
Published: August 2024

The exploration of the multi-dimensional brain activity with high temporal resolution and spatial resolution is of great significance in the diagnosis of neurological disease and the study of brain science. Although the integration of EEG with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) provides a potential solution to achieve the brain-functional image with high spatiotemporal resolution, the critical issues of interface stability and magnetic compatibility remain challenges. Therefore, in this research, we proposed a conductive hydrogel EEG electrode with an asymmetrical bilayer structure, which shows the potential to overcome the challenges. Benefited from the bilayer structure with different moduli, the hydrogel electrode exhibits high biological and mechanical compatibility with the heterogeneous brain-electrode interface. As a result, the impedance can be reduced compared with conventional metal electrodes. In addition, the hydrogel-based ionic conductive electrodes, which are free from metal conductors, are compatible with MRI and CT. Therefore, it can obtain high spatiotemporal resolution multi-dimensional brain information in clinical settings. The research outcome provides a new approach for establishing a platform for early diagnosis of brain diseases and the study of brain science.
Patterns of Hand Washing among Healthcare Workers in APIN Public Health Initiatives Supported States in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Offie Chinenyeike Daniel , Ariyo Abimbola O. , Adurogbola Folake , Okon Ubong , Oguh Daniel , Ohue Michael , Olajide Olalere , Okunlola Oluyemi Adewole , Henshaw Ansa , Tomori Michael Olabode , Oluseye Ajayi , Femi Owolagba , Eke Ofuche , Samuels Jay Osi , Okonkwo Prosper
Published: August 2024

Background
A strict adherence to hand hygiene by healthcare workers is critical in limiting healthcare-associated infections.
Aim
This study aims to assess the patterns of hand washing among healthcare workers in APIN Public Health Initiatives supported states in southwest, Nigeria.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out across 3 States (Oyo, Ogun, and Ondo) in Southwest, Nigeria from January, 2024 to June, 2024. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit the respondents. A descriptive analysis on hand hygiene was performed, while chi-square statistics was used to determine an association. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for this study.
Results
The rate of awareness and compliance to hand washing measures among the participants were 56.5% and 54.6% respectively while the patterns of hand hygiene among the respondents was 65.5%. Inadequate running water supply, non-availability of handwash materials, no time/being too busy and forgetfulness were identified as the major barriers to hand washing practices. Profession was significantly associated with hand hygiene level of awareness (p = 0.001), while age (p = 0.001), profession (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with the level of compliance to hand washing practices.
Conclusion
This study shows that the hand hygiene level of awareness, compliance and patterns among respondents is poor. Continuous mentorship is required to optimize the patterns of hand hygiene.
A case of infantile hepatoblastoma with extramedullary hematopoiesis
Authors: Lijun Yang , Xiaojun Huang
Published: August 2024

Objective : Analysis of clinical and pathological characteristics and prognostic factors of infantile hepatoblastoma with extramedullary hematopoiesis.
Method : By analyzing the clinical, imaging, pathological morphology, and immunophenotype characteristics of a case of infantile hepatoblastoma, the histological classification of the tumor, postoperative adjuvant treatment methods, and prognostic factors were discussed.
Result: In this case, the tumor was composed of solid cell clusters or nests of immature liver cell tissue of small to medium size.Endothelial cells were found in the stroma, and extramedullary hematopoiesis was easily observed.The immunohistochemical results showed that the tumor cells were partially positive for AFP expression, βcatenin The mixed expression of catenin in the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm is positive, and INI-1 is positive. TdT and CD71 are positive in extramedullary hematopoietic tissue. Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis shows that this case is a complete epithelial hepatocellular carcinoma, mixed embryonic fetal type. After complete surgical resection, there is no distant metastasis.The COG Evans staging system is stage Ib, and the clinical risk group is classified as low-risk group.
Conclusion: The comprehensive treatment of complete surgical resection and chemotherapy can achieve good long-term prognosis in the low-risk group of infantile hepatocellular carcinoma.
Evaluation of 5 Intermediate Microglia’s Structural Variations Within an Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Model After Regionalized Toxic Injury
Authors: Trejos Jesus , Schanne Francis
Published: August 2024

The dendritic cell of the CNS, the microglia (MG), is an initiation point of the immunological response within the post blood-brain barrier (BBB) compartment. Microglia drastically changes in response to cell stress to a much different non-dendritic morphology. This investigation postulates that if the first MG responses to toxic injury are isolated and studied in greater morphological detail there’s much to be learned about microglia’s metamorphosis from and M2 to an M1 state. The organotypic hippocampal slice was the experimental setting used to investigate microglial response to toxic injury; this isolates dendritic cell to post-BBB cells dynamics from the impact of nonspecific of in-vivo blood derived signaling. Within the context of biochemically verified precise toxic cell injury/death (induced with mercury or cyanide in combination with 2-deoxy-glucose) to a specific region within the hippocampal slice, MG’s morphological response was evaluated. There was up to 35% increase in microglia activation proximally to injury (CA3 region) and no changes distally (DG region) when compared to control slices treated with PBS. Maximum microglia activation consisted of a 3 plus-fold increase in the distance between the nucleus membrane and the cell membrane, which underscores an extensive and quantifiable amount of membrane rearrangement. This quantification can be applied to contemporaneous AI image analysis algorithms to demarcate and quantify relative MG activation in and around a site of injury. In between baseline and activated MG morphologies, 5 intermediate morphologies (or morphological behaviors) are described as it relates to its cell body, nucleus, and dendrites. The result from this study reconciles details of MG’s structure to its holistic characteristics in relation to parenchymal cell stress.
Unleashing the Potential of Turkish Chatbots: A Study on the Validity and Reliability of the Bot Usability Scale
Authors: Aktaş Neşe Baz , Şişman Burak , Borsci Simone
Published: August 2024

Purpose
The objective of this study is to adapt and evaluate the Turkish version of the Chatbot Usability Scale (BUS-11) through a confirmatory factorial analysis method. The BUS-11 scale has been established in various languages except for Turkish; thus, its validation and dissemination could serve as a means to improve chatbot interaction satisfaction among the Turkish-speaking population and hence foster growth in Turkey's conversational agent market.
Methods
To achieve this aim, seven customer-oriented chatbots were rated on pre-designed tasks by participants. Data gathering involved utilizing TBUS-11 with UMUX-Lite scale translated into Turkish to gauge individuals' experience after interacting with Turkish-speaking bots.
Results
Results show that TBUS-11 has been demonstrated to be highly reliable with a strong convergent validity with the UMUX-Lite already validated in Turkish. Moreover, the collected data fit in a very satisfactory way the expected five-factor structure of the original version of the scale, thus confirming the psychometric properties of the TBUS.
Conclusion
The study successfully adapted the Chatbot Usability Scale (BUS-11) into Turkish, providing a reliable and valid tool for assessing chatbot usability in the Turkish-speaking market. This can potentially enhance user satisfaction and promote the growth of conversational agents in Turkey.
Discrepancies in Coronal Alignment Measurements between Full-length Weight-bearing Radiographs and Computed Tomography in Robotic Arm-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty with the Mako System
Authors: Yang Hong Yeol , Ayob Khairul , Jeong Hwi Woo , Seon Jong Keun
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Assessment of lower limb coronal plane alignment is crucial in surgical planning of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and is commonly performed with full-length weight-bearing radiographs (FLWBR). The aim of this study was to determine discrepancies in coronal limb alignment as assessed by conventional FLWBR versus non-weight-bearing computed tomography (CT) modalities in robotic arm-assisted TKA performed using the Mako system (Stryker).
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 100 consecutive patients with osteoarthritic knees who underwent robotic arm-assisted TKA with preoperative FLWBR and CT assessments of knee alignment. The mechanical axes of the Mako system were established in accordance with the Mako TKA Surgical Guide. The following parameters were compared between the two imaging modalities: (1) mechanical hip-knee-ankle angle (mHKA), (2) medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), (3) lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), (4) arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA), (5) joint line obliquity (JLO), and (6) proportion of the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) types. Regression analyses were performed to identify potential factors associated with discrepancies in measurements of coronal alignment between these two imaging modalities.
Results: There were significant differences in terms of the mHKA between preoperative CT and FLWBR (CT vs FLWBR, 7.0° vs. 8.5°; p < 0.001), which may be attributed to the extent of the weight-bearing condition. The CT measurements with the Mako system demonstrated a lower (more varus) MPTA than the FLWBR measurements (CT vs FLWBR, 83.7° vs. 85.2°; p < 0.001). Furthermore, there were also significant differences between the CT and FLWBR measurements in terms of the aHKA (−4.7° vs. −3.7°; p = 0.028) and JLO (172.2° vs. 174.2°; p < 0.001). There were significant differences of proportion of CPAK types between the two imaging modalities; however, the most common category was type I in both imaging modalities. Multivariate analyses showed that greater preoperative mHKA and posterior tibial slope were associated with the discrepancy in the MPTA measurements between the two imaging modalities.
Conclusion: There were discrepancies in coronal alignment between preoperative FLWBR and non-weight-bearing CT using the Mako system. When compared with conventional FLWBR, the Mako system tended to overestimate the magnitude of tibial varus deformity in the knee joint.
Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Integrated transcriptomics of multiple sclerosis peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified COPG1, RPN1, and KDM3B as potential biomarkers
Authors: Delkhah Arman Mokaram Doust
Published: August 2024

Among diagnostic techniques, RNA biomarkers have been poorly investigated for multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, by the integration of GSE21942 and GSE203241 microarray profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, potential biomarkers were explored. A comparison between 28 MS patients and 23 healthy controls led to the identification of 71 upregulated and 35 downregulated genes. Immune-related functional terms, particularly pathways linked to lymphocyte activation, were enriched with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, key mRNAs and miRNAs were detected regarding their number of interactions in the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) detected a gene module highly enriched for neurodegenerative disorders. Central genes in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of this module were genes encoding various subunits of the respiratory chain complexes. 59 genes selected from converging results of differential expression analysis and WGCNA underwent machine learning methods and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. COPG1, RPN1, and KDM3B were subsequently identified as potential biomarkers based on their acceptable diagnostic efficacy in the integrated data, as well as in both GSE141804 and GSE146383 datasets as validation sets.
Herth Hope Index trajectory and its predictors in middle-aged and elderly patients with lung cancer: A prospective longitudinal observational study
Authors: Wang Ran , Xu HuiLi , Zhou YuMei , Xu Miao , Huang Fei , Xu YingJia
Published: August 2024

Objective
For middle-aged and elderly patients with lung cancer undergoing radiotherapy, the care and support received from family members or close social supporters during treatment significantly influence the physical and mental state and treatment outcomes of the patient. Hope, a positive emotional state, reflects patients’ attitudes and expectations toward their condition, treatment process, and prognosis. The level of hope may vary among middle-aged and elderly patients with lung cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Therefore, exploring individual differences and developmental changes during radiotherapy is important. This study aims to evaluate whether heterogeneity exists in the levels of hope among middle-aged and elderly patients with lung cancer during thoracic radiotherapy, identify related predictive factors, and understand the level of family care received by patients at this stage, to provide targeted interventions for patients with lung cancer with different levels of hope.
Methods
A total of 124 patients with lung cancer were included. Their levels of hope and extent of family care were evaluated at four time points. Growth mixture models, univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were used to study the trajectory in the level of hope, its association with outcomes, and its predictive factors.
Results
Two hope trajectory classes were identified: the slow decline (27.4%) and the rapid decline (72.6%). Age, marital status, level of education, and extent of family care were factors influencing the hope trajectory categories during radiotherapy for middle-aged and elderly patients with lung cancer (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The trajectories of hope among middle-aged and elderly patients with lung cancer during radiotherapy were heterogeneous. Healthcare providers can tailor interventions based on the factors that influence these hope trajectory categories.
Surgical treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex – an institutional experience and results
Authors: Tuft Mia , Berger Ylva Østby , Marthinsen Pål Bache , Due-Tønnessen Bernt , Fric Radek
Published: August 2024

Objective
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) present in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), occasionally requiring surgical removal. The study aimed to analyze the results from our series of children undergoing surgery for SEGA.
Methods
We retrospectively identified children with TSC undergoing resection of SEGA at Oslo University Hospital between 1982 to 2016. Patient charts, radiological images, epilepsy and neuropsychological reports were reviewed.
Results
Out of 208 patients with TSC, 18 (9%) underwent resection of SEGA. Due to missing data, we could only analyze results from 14 surgeries in 11 children (median age 6 years, range 0–19; male/female ratio 2.7:1). The tumours were bilateral in four (36%) patients. The tumor diameter was median 19 mm (10–104 mm). The surgical approach was transcortical in eight (57%) and transcallosal in six surgeries (43%). Gross total resection was achieved in 12 (86%) of surgeries. There was no mortality or major morbidity related to surgery, but one patient developed complications related to the ventriculoperitoneal shunt. During the follow-up (median 11 years, range 1–21), three patients (27%) underwent repeated surgery. We could not document any significant impact of the surgery on patients` cognitive functioning or the grade of epilepsy.
Conclusions
Resection of SEGA in children with TSC was associated with a low complication rate. We could not document any impact of surgery on patients` cognitive functioning or grade of epilepsy. However, the neuropsychological data were limited in most cases. Neuropsychological assessment should be performed before the surgery and be a part of follow-up after surgery.