bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The physical evolution and biocultural adaptation indicated by the human skeletons of Donghulin site, Beijing
Authors: He Jianing , Zhao Chaohong , Yu Jincheng , Cui Tianxing , Wang Tao , Guo Jingning , Yuan Yongming , Yun Xuemei , Yang Qihuang
Published: November 2021

Human remains recovered from the Donghulin site are key materials for the study of the physical evolution and biocultural adaptation of the North Chinese population during the early Holocene. Physical anthropological study of the skeletal remains of two Donghulin individuals shows that their craniofacial heterogeneity and diversity are comparable to that of the Upper Paleolithic population. Early Holocene is the critical period for the formation of the diagnostic craniofacial features of modern East Asian population. The dental macrowear, dental caries, and femoral midshaft diaphyseal cross section geometry suggest that the Donghulin people were undergoing a physical transformation attributable to reduced mobility and broad-spectrum diet, which is consistent with the Upper Paleolithic-Neolithic transition of lifestyle and subsistence strategy.
Bridging Sebeok and the Tartu circle
Authors: Randviir Anti , Kull Kalevi
Published: November 2021

We briefly sketch some characteristics of Thomas A. Sebeok’s program to develop semiotics and relate them to the approaches in the Tartu circle. It is not a historical, but effectively a paradigmatic insight into research in contemporary Tartu semiotics, where we can see the inevitability of cooperation between the large branches of semiotics such as bio-, socio-, and cultural semiotics that were, consciously or not, preceded by Sebeok. We take a closer look into Sebeok’s arguments in between the times when he re-introduced semiotics to contemporary audiences and when he seemingly departed from the conceptual realm of the Tartu–Moscow School of semiotics. Likewise, we aim to show how his practical engagement in “radwaste” is already acute today and demands realization of the connection between the biological and the cultural as mediated by the social.
Relationship between Molecular Orientation Relaxation during Physical Aging and Heat Resistance of Polystyrene Injection Moldings
Authors: Tao K. , Yamada K. , Higashi S. , Kago K. , Takeshita H. , Tokumitsu K.
Published: November 2021

This work examined the relationship between changes in molecular orientation and the heat resistance (heat distortion temperature) of polystyrene injection moldings following heat treatment below the glass transition temperature. Molecular orientation around the core layer of the injection moldings was found to be relaxed by the heat treatment. Also, in the untreated specimen, the molecular orientation around the core layer was relaxed from 60°C during the heating process. Since loss tangent (tanδ) also increased from 60°C during the heating process in the untreated specimen, it was considered that the increase in tanδ occurred with the molecular motion due to the relaxation of molecular orientation from 60°C. After the heat treatment, because of the relaxation of molecular orientation around the core layer by the heat treatment, the relaxation of molecular orientation from 60 °C did not occur during the subsequent heating process, and the tanδ of the polymer between 60 and 90 °C was decreased. Because this decrease in the tanδ over this temperature range improved the heat resistance of the material, the enhanced heat resistance by the heat treatment was attributed to the suppression of the relaxation of molecular orientation from 60°C during the heating process. Furthermore, relaxation of molecular orientation and enthalpy relaxation were related to improvement in the heat resistance.
Towards Human-Centered AI: Psychological concepts as foundation for empirical XAI research
Authors: Weitz Katharina
Published: November 2021

Human-Centered AI is a widely requested goal for AI applications. To reach this is explainable AI promises to help humans to understand the inner workings and decisions of AI systems. While different XAI techniques have been developed to shed light on AI systems, it is still unclear how end-users with no experience in machine learning perceive these. Psychological concepts like trust, mental models, and self-efficacy can serve as instruments to evaluate XAI approaches in empirical studies with end-users. First results in applications for education, healthcare, and industry suggest that one XAI does not fit all. Instead, the design of XAI has to consider user needs, personal background, and the specific task of the AI system.
Phytocompounds and their molecular targets in immunomodulation: a review
Authors: Cherian Ayda , Vadivel Velmurugan , Thiruganasambandham Sundarrajan , Madhavankutty Sreejith
Published: November 2021

Immune cells are important for the healthy function of every organ. The homeostasis of the immune system is selfregulated by T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells. The immunomodulation process of immune cells is part of the immunotherapy. According to therapeutic methods of immune responses are categorized as inducing (immunostimulant), amplification (immune booster), attenuation (immunomodulation), and prevention (immunosuppressive) actions. The prevalence of chronic immunological diseases like viral infections, allergies, and cancer is mainly due to the over-activation of the immune system. Further, immunomodulators are reported to manage the severity of chronic immunological disorders. Moreover, these immunomodulator-acting proteins are identified as potential molecular targets for the regulation of the immune system. Moreover, natural compound like phytocompounds are known to bind these targets and modulates the immune system. The specialized phytocompounds like curcumin, quercetin, stilbenes, flavonoids, and lignans are shown the immunomodulatory actions and ameliorate the immunological disorders. The present scenario of a COVID-19 pandemic situation has taught us the need to focus on strengthening the immune system and the development of the most promising immunotherapeutics. This review is focused on an overview of various phytocompounds and their molecular targets for the management of immunological disorders via immunosuppressants and immunostimulants actions.
Spatial cognition in landscape designations in the area of the Old European Hydronymy
Authors: Lühr Rosemarie
Published: November 2021

Subject of the investigation are settlement names that refer to waters. These oikonyms are often the oldest. The research area is that of the Ancient European Hydronymy. The Old European hydronyms occur in Central Europe, in the Baltic region, in Southern Scandinavia, in the British Isles, in France, on the Iberian Peninsula and in Italy. The research question is, if the expression of spatial relationships in oikonyms with water words is a universal? It turns out to be also other naming strategies. The theoretical framework is Levinson’s (2008) description of spatial cognition. The connection of spatial cognition with landscape terms is new in toponomastics.
Pickering’s influence on Craigie and Hulbert’s Dictionary of American English (1936–1944)
Authors: Miyoshi Kusujiro
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the present paper is to explore the role of John Pickering’s Vocabulary or Collection of Words and Phrases Which Have Been Supposed to Be Peculiar to the United States of America (1816) as one of the major sources of the Dictionary of American English (DAE) by William Craigie and James Hulbert (1936–1944).
“To Love the Rest of His Thoughts as Myself” – Translating Mendelssohn’s Singular Bildung
Authors: Kremnitzer Yuval
Published: November 2021

The conceptual history of Bildung, the German term for self-formation, encapsulates the ethical revolution of modern German thought, associated with the Kantian moment and its aftermath. Reshaped in modernity to respond to a post-Kantian, critical sensibility, the modern term emphasizes the reflexive, active process of self-formation, in contrast with the medieval theological sensibility which emphasized the receptive imprint of the image of God. In this article, I unpack Moses Mendelsohn’s idiosyncratic notion of Bildung. I show that what is unique, indeed, singular in Mendelssohn’s notion of Bildung is the way it merges the traditional, theological notion with the modern one. For Mendelssohn, to imitate God is to come to value one’s contingent being. The imitation of the ideal, the most perfect, is tantamount to embracing the perfectible, and the process of perfection or self-actualization. Jacobi, Mendelssohn, Bildung, Contingency, Pantheism affair, Moral Perfectionism
Improved localization precision via restricting confined biomolecule stochastic motion in single-molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Ni Jielei , Cao Bo , Niu Gang , Chen Danni , Liang Guotao , Xia Tingying , Li Heng , Xu Chen , Wang Jingyu , Zhang Wanlong , Zhang Yilin , Yuan Xiaocong , Ni Yanxiang
Published: November 2021

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) plays an irreplaceable role in biological studies, in which nanometer-sized biomolecules are hardly to be resolved due to diffraction limit unless being stochastically activated and accurately located by SMLM. For biological samples preimmobilized for SMLM, most biomolecules are cross-linked and constrained at their immobilizing sites but still expected to undergo confined stochastic motion in regard to their nanometer sizes. However, few lines of direct evidence have been reported about the detectability and influence of confined biomolecule stochastic motion on localization precision in SMLM. Here, we access the potential stochastic motion for each immobilized single biomolecule by calculating the displacements between any two of its localizations at different frames during sequential imaging of Alexa Fluor-647-conjugated oligonucleotides. For most molecules, localization displacements are remarkably larger at random frame intervals than at shortest intervals even after sample drift correction, increase with interval times and then saturate, showing that biomolecule stochastic motion is detected and confined around the immobilizing sizes in SMLM. Moreover, localization precision is inversely proportional to confined biomolecule stochastic motion, whereas it can be deteriorated or improved by enlarging the biomolecules or adding a post-crosslinking step, respectively. Consistently, post-crosslinking of cell samples sparsely stained for tubulin proteins results in a better localization precision. Overall, this study reveals that confined stochastic motion of immobilized biomolecules worsens localization precision in SMLM, and improved localization precision can be achieved via restricting such a motion.
How large is the left periphery of Present-Day German? A unifying approach to multiply-filled-prefield configurations
Authors: Catasso Nicholas
Published: November 2021

In this article, it is proposed that different types of apparent “non-V2” arrangements in Present-Day German matrix clauses which are generally treated independently are similar in nature and derivable by means of a limited number of syntactic operations that do not challenge or put into question the classical account of German as astructuralV2 language. The analysis reveals that an adequate formalization of all possible left-peripheral word orders must rest upon three basic assumptions: (i) V2 in Modern German main clauses can be neither movement to the head position whose specifier hosts a moved or base-generated XP nor (necessarily) movement to Force°, but can be generalized to raising of the Vfin to Fin°; (ii) German has a Split CP which is fundamentally similar,mutatis mutandis, to that of Romance languages; (iii) this language is subject to the bottleneck effect, which states that all movement into the CP passes through [Spec,FinP]. The theoretical approach pursued here attempts to account for left dislocation and other (frame-setting and non-frame-setting) topicalization phenomena by assuming that in German (differently from other Split-CP languages), XPs base-generated in the middle field move to their surface position by cyclical movement within the left periphery. This allows us to avoidad hocexplanations, as well as violations of the bottleneck effect.
Setting a New Course? A Practical Discussion about Migration and the Bible
Authors: Casteel Amy
Published: November 2021

That stories of migration are found in the Bible is not a debate, although the meaning to be taken from the presence of such stories is ambiguous. Notably, the writing of recent theologians on migration emphasizes response to migration, rather than the experience of migration. An analysis of six articles spanning two decades shows three overlapping themes in these writings: the identity of “stranger,” the responsibility of help, and hospitality. These themes are linked especially to a parable (Luke 10:25–37) and to a story of judgment (Matthew 25:31–46). In this article, scholarly interpretations of these themes are brought into conversation with interviews with adolescents who have migrated to Europe. The three themes are explored not in search of a normative biblical response to migrants, but considered in light of the lived religious experiences of adolescents who have migrated.
The economy of the La Tène culture communities based on the example of research from Upper Silesia
Authors: Dulęba Przemysław , Abłamowicz Renata , Sady-Bugajska Agata , Soida Jacek
Published: November 2021

The results of excavations show that the La Tène culture community which inhabited the microregion of the contemporary village of Samborowice (Upper Silesia, Poland) in the Iron Age did not differ from its brethren from the area of Moravia and the middle basin of the Danube. Our intention is to try to identify the most important features of local economy based on newly acquired archaeobotanical and archaeozoological sources. The results from Samborowice in the form of a set of cereals characteristic of La Tène culture settlements from Central Europe suggest that the set of remains being analysed comes from a period when changes to the selection of cereals had yet to occur. The population in this period of history applied a model of economy based on agriculture and livestock rearing, with cattle being the most important animals, followed by pigs and small ruminants interchangeably.
Pluricentricity in the classroom: the Serbo-Croatian language issue for foreign language teaching at higher education institutions worldwide
Authors: Ćalić Jelena
Published: November 2021

The study presented in this article looks at the effects of the changes in national language policies following the break-up of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on teaching the Serbo-Croatian language or a “language which is simultaneously one and more than one” as a foreign language. The study explores how language ideologies and conflicting attitudes towards national standard languages, recorded both within nation-states and across nation-state borders, are understood by teachers in the context of teaching Serbo-Croatian as a foreign language. The article also examines the extent to which these understandings reflect current discussions of pluricentric languages and methods adopted for teaching pluricentric languages as foreign languages.
On the variation of fragmental constructions in British English and American English post-match interviews
Authors: Reber Elisabeth
Published: November 2021

This article takes a cognitive, interactional perspective on pluricentricity and examines the use of fragmental constructions in a mid-sized dataset, drawing on recordings of British English and American English post-match interviews (PMIs), i.e. media interviews conducted with football players after matches in the British and North American top leagues. It examines what types of fragmental constructions are deployed in the PMIs and whether the use and distribution of such constructions vary between the British and American “communities of practice” (Lave/Wenger 1991). The study finds that the quantity and quality of fragments largely differ, with the British English data showing a higher relative frequency of fragmental constructions, more grammatical variation, and a use of fragmental constructions which do not necessarily draw on latent grammatical structures from the prior speech for meaning-making. It has been suggested by Biber et al. (1999) that clausal elliptical structures are generally less typical of American English. The present genre-specific analysis suggests an interdependence between fragmental constructions and their routinisation and frozenness, interactional constraints, as well as deviant sports and media cultures shared by these communities of practice, which can be treated as a form of “enregisterment” (Agha 2007).
An undergraduate peer mentoring program at a Canadian university: Impact on student learning as perceived by instructors, peer mentors, and students
Authors: Petrescu Dan S. , Yazdani Armin , VanderSchee Cassidy R. , Bailey Christopher A. , Covens Faygie , Harpp David N.
Published: November 2021

Large undergraduate courses make it difficult for students to achieve learning outcomes, in part due to the lack of resources available to course instructors to support student learning in these intimidating and often impersonal settings. One way to support instructor teaching and student learning is the implementation of undergraduate peer mentoring programs, which capitalize on the Students-as-Partners framework. Undergraduate mentors’ relatability to their peers and their mastery of the course content make them excellent resources. This paper describes the development and implementation of a university-wide undergraduate peer mentoring program at McGill University in Canada and its impact on student learning as perceived by three populations: instructors, peer mentors, and students. Data on perceived learning was gathered through qualitative surveys. This case study presents one implementation model that may guide and inform the implementation of similar programs at other higher education institutions.
Using a Technology Acceptance Model to investigate what factors influence farmer adoption of a nutrient management plan
Authors: McCormack M. , Buckley C. , Kelly E.
Published: November 2021

The agricultural sector will play a key role in reaching the goals set out in the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, and so understanding farmer behaviour in relation to farm management best practice is important. In this paper, we investigate if the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) can predict farmer adoption of an online nutrient management plan (NMP). A NMP has the potential to reduce the risk of nutrient transfer from agricultural land, without negatively affecting farm-level profitability. The TAM identifies two psychological constructs, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU), which are believed to be key factors in technology adoption. The data were collected through a survey from 358 farms by a team of professional data recorders in 2015. Results indicate that PU and PEOU of a NMP are positively and significantly related to a farmer’s intention to adopt and use the technology in the future. However, PU, which captures the perceived benefits in terms of usefulness, is the main driver of technology adoption. Results show that those farmers who adopt and use the technology are more likely to have larger farms and are full-time farmers. They use agricultural extension services and the farm is also more likely to be the main contributor to overall household income. The research recommends that the usefulness of a NMP, in terms of increased profitability, improving nutrient management practices, labour and time-saving advantages, should be highlighted and clearly communicated to farmers.
KİTOSAN BAZLI ETİL PİRÜVAT FİLMLERİN FİZİKOKİMYASAL, ANTİOKSİDAN, ANTİMİKROBİYAL VE ANTİ-QUORUM SENSİNG ÖZELLİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: KAYA Burcu , ZORBA Nükhet Nilüfer , CANER Cengiz
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada kitosan film formülasyonuna iki farklı (%1 ve %3) konsantrasyonda etil pirüvat ilave edilerek, çevre dostu bir ambalaj materyali geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda hazırlanan film örneklerinin nem, suda çözünürlük, görünür yoğunluk, renk, biyobozunurluk, kimyasallara karşı direnç özellikleri belirlenerek, filmlerin yüzey morfolojisi SEM, fonksiyonel grupları ise FTIR ile karakterize edilmiştir. Ayrıca film örneklerinin antimikrobiyal ve anti-quorum sensing aktivitesi disk difüzyon yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak formülasyona etil pirüvat eklenmesiyle kitosan filmin nem içeriği, görünür yoğunluğu, biyobozunurluğu ve antioksidan aktivitesi artmıştır. SEM görüntüleri incelendiğinde ise etil pirüvatın, kitosan filmlerde gözenekli yapı oluşumuna neden olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Film örnekleri Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus, Staphyloccocus aureus, Alternaria arborescens, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium citrinum ve Penicillum expansum suşlarına karşı antimikrobiyal etki göstermiştir. Buna ek olarak tüm film örneklerinin anti-quorum sensing aktivite gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre özellikle CS-EP1 filminin, doğa dostu alternatif gıda ambalajı olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir
Public Investment, Government Indebtedness and Transitional Dynamics
Authors: Angyridis Constantine , Tsintzos Panagiotis
Published: November 2021

This paper considers an endogenous growth model with public capital and government debt. In setting the level of public investment each period, the government is assumed to follow two commonly used in the growth literature fiscal rules: public investment is either equal to a constant fraction of output or equal to a constant share of tax revenues. In our model, we allow revenues to be raised by the government through progressive income taxation and bonds issue. For both fiscal rules, we show that the potential occurrence of either indeterminacy or instability crucially depends on whether the government is a debtor or a creditor. In particular, government indebtedness causes the economy to be prone to either belief-driven aggregate fluctuations or unstable dynamics. This is a novel result in the related literature which has largely overlooked the role of public debt as a possible contributing factor to the presence of indeterminacy and instability in growth models.
Games of Two Halves: Non-Experimental Evidence on Cooperation, Defection and the Prisoner’s Dilemma
Authors: Dobson Stephen , Goddard John
Published: November 2021

We develop a stylized two-period game-theoretic model of the strategic choices made by soccer teams when selecting between defensive and attacking team formations, and between non-violent and violent styles of play. Cooperative behaviour during the early stages of matches is typically superseded by non-cooperation during the latter stages. The propensity for violent play to take place in the latter stages of soccer matches is interpreted as novel non-experimental evidence that players typically resort to mutually detrimental non-cooperative forms of behaviour when the payoffs assume a prisoner’s dilemma structure.
The Effects of Corporate Bonds on Employment: Early Evidence from Greece
Authors: Karagiannis Sotirios , Thomakos Dimitrios
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the impact of corporate bonds issued by Greek listed firms on employment. Even though external financing and the effects on employment has been studied in the literature, we extend the existing literature by focusing for the first time on the specific role of corporate bonds on employment. We have collected all the relevant papers on this line of the literature and concisely report them in a table format and then use them in analyzing our results. Our empirical analysis is based on a panel dataset from 2001 to 2014 and we examine the effect of corporate bonds in the pre and post period of the Greek economic crisis, in which the banking system is vulnerable and unable to provide financing to the firms. The results suggest that corporate bonds have a positive effect on employment in the pre-crisis sample, denoting that firms hire employees and proceed to investment choices. On the contrary, during the recession, corporate bonds have a negative effect on employment. Firms reduce their costs and try to control their debt obligations by issuing corporate bonds.
Efficient Markets Hypothesis in the time of COVID-19.
Authors: Vasileiou Evangelos
Published: November 2021

This paper examines how the largest stock market of the world, the U.S., and particularly the S&P500 index, reacted during the COVID-19 outbreak (02.01.2020-30.04.2020). Using simple financial and corporate analysis (adopting Constant Growth Model) procedures for our theoretical framework, we juxtapose the released news with the respective market performance in order to examine if the stock market always incorporated the available information in time. We show that the market in some sub-periods was not moving as it was expected, and the runs-test statistically confirmed our assumptions that the US stock market was not efficient during the COVID-19 outbreak. We find that in some cases the market does not incorporate the news instantly, is irrational, and non-sensible. All these make the market’s behavior unpredictable for a rational asset pricing model because as this paper shows even the simplest financial theories could explain rational behavior, but the market presented a different performance.
Necessity and Opportunity Entrepreneurship in Canada
Authors: Neymotin Florence
Published: November 2021

The present analysis examines the initiation of necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship ventures in Canada from the late 1980s until more recent times, to determine how these activities relate with the business cycle. The definitions of necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship mirror those in Fairlie and Fossen (2018). Unlike previous results for other countries, I find that in Canada, both necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship appear to be procyclical, with new ventures increasing as unemployment declines. These results hold after various robustness tests, including gender stratification are applied. The possibility of using these forms of entrepreneurship as leading or lagged indicators of recessions is also considered.
Factors that affect Students’ performance in Science: An application using Gini-BMA methodology in PISA 2015 dataset
Authors: Dimiski Anastasia
Published: November 2021

Existing theoretical and empirical evidence on the determinants of students’ performance reveals a direct link between pre-primary education and achievement test scores in primary school. Relying on the first-of-its-kind 2015 wave data from the Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA), the present study analyses the associations between students’ performance in science and a broad set of variables, including regressors that proxy pre-primary education. Employing a Gini Regression Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) approach to account for model uncertainty, it is found that non-attendance in pre-primary education is a robust determinant with a negative impact on students’ performance in science. This result is confirmed both under Gini-BMA and OLS-BMA methodology.
Shape Evolution of the Interest Rate Term Structure
Authors: Chen Biwei
Published: November 2021

This paper adopts a novel approach to studying the evolution of interest rate term structure over the U.S. business cycles and to predicting recessions. Applying an effective algorithm, I classify the Treasury yield curve into distinct shapes and find the less frequent shapes intrinsically linked to the recessions in the post-WWII data. In forecasting recessions, the median-short yield spread trumps the long-short spread for horizons up to 17 months ahead and the yield curve shape is nearly impressive as the median-short spread. Overall, the yield curve shape is an informative but more succinct indicator than the spreads in studying the term structure. Key words: Business cycle, recession forecast, U.S. Treasury yield curve, yield spreads.
Labour Market Dynamics in Greek Regions: a Bayesian Markov Chain Approach Using Proportions Data
Authors: Christodoulakis George A. , Mamatzakis Emmanuel C.
Published: November 2021

This paper focuses on Greek labour market dynamics at a regional base, which comprises of 16 provinces, as defined by NUTS levels 1 and 2 (Eurostat, 2008), using Markov Chains for proportions data for the first time in the literature. We apply a Bayesian approach, which employs a Monte Carlo Integration procedure that uncovers the entire empirical posterior distribution of transition probabilities from full employment to part employment, unemployment and economically unregistered unemployment and vice a versa. Our results show that there are disparities in the transition probabilities across regions, implying that the convergence of the Greek labour market at a regional base is far from being considered as completed. However, some common patterns are observed as regions in the south of the country exhibit similar transition probabilities between different states of the labour market.
Asking Price and Price Discounts: the Strategy of Selling an Asset under Price Uncertainty
Authors: Biswas Tapan , McHardy Jolian
Published: November 2021

We consider fixed and asking price strategies in the context of selling an asset with Bernoullian updating of the seller’s subjective probability of sale at a given price. The determination of optimal fixed, asking and endogenous reservation prices is discussed under risk-neutrality and expected utility maximisation. With risk-neutrality, the optimal asking price exceeds the optimal fixed price when the expected gain is a strictly concave function. The seller’s choice between the fixed and the asking price strategies depends on several factors: the expected cost of haggling, price competition and the seller’s attitude towards risk.
Global Univalence when Mappings are not Necessarily Continuous
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Taradas , Biswas Tapan
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a method of establishing the global univalence of a mapping without theassumption of continuity and the absence of points of inflection. When the functions are notcontinuous and the points of inflections are present, the use of a Jacobian to establish univalencepresents some difficulties. The method of establishing univalency, presented in this paper, in turngeneralizes the theorems on the uniqueness of competitive equilibrium and factor priceequalization.
Cost and Efficacy of Water Disinfection Practices: Evidence from Canada
Authors: Khaleghi Moghadam Arian , Dore Mohammed
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the cost and efficacy of water disinfection practices using data from Canadian Municipal Water and Wastewater Survey. Since only a small number of municipalities use UV or ozone, this study investigates whether the dominant use of chlorine-based disinfectants is due to their efficacy in preventing microbiological problems or because UV or ozone imposes an unacceptably high financial burden on municipalities. The results suggest that the use of UV or ozone can lead to a lower likelihood of having microbiological problems and that the dominant use of chlorine-based disinfection cannot be based on cost comparisons alone.
Cost Benefit Analysis of UNESCO World Heritage Site Designation in Nova Scotia
Authors: Kayahan Burc , VanBlarcom Brian
Published: November 2021

The objective of this research is to compare the economic benefits (defined as visitor spending) and costs of a UNESCO World Heritage (WH) designation. The study focuses on two sites in Nova Scotia; Old Town Lunenburg (designated as a WH site in 1995) and Grand Pré National Historic Site (which has applied for a WH status). Pre/post designation visitation data from Lunenburg was used to quantify the impact (6.2%) in the Nova Scotia context. A proportional (to visitation) impact was projected for Grand Pré. The analysis indicates that the level of visitation is important in determining economic viability and that the rising costs of a WH designation further challenge smaller scale attractions.
Investigating Persistence in the US Mutual Fund Market: A Mobility Approach
Authors: Drakos Konstantinos , Giannakopoulos Nicholas , Konstantinou Panagiotis Theodore
Published: November 2021

Performance persistence in the US mutual fund market is investigated, modeling risk-adjusted performance as a Markov Chain. This allows us to explore whether there is a higher probability for funds to remain in their initial ranking, compared to the probability that funds exhibit some kind of movement. We find some degree of inertia due to non-uniformity of transition probabilities across states. Our analysis allows also assesses the proximity of empirical transition matrices to two benchmark matrices, identifying the no-persistence/perfect immobility cases. We find that the observed transition matrices are closer to the no-persistence benchmark and also that performance persistence has decreased over time.
Do Exchange Rate Changes have Symmetric or Asymmetric Effects on the Demand for Money in Korea?
Authors: Bahmani-Oskooee Mohsen , Baek Jungho
Published: November 2021

Previous studies that included the exchange rate in the Korean demand for money assumed that the effects of the exchange rate changes are symmetric and adjustment process is linear. They found no significant effects. In this paper we apply Shin et al.’s (2014) Nonlinear ARDL approach to cointegration and error-correction modeling and test the symmetric versus asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes on the demand for money in Korea. Using quarterly data over the period 1973-2014, the results show that indeed the effects are asymmetric in the short run. In the long run, however, although the effects are symmetric but both won depreciation and won appreciation have significantly negative effects on the demand for money, supporting the wealth effects argument.
Chemical evaluation of two tropical wood species for use as grilling planks
Authors: Guedes Ulysses Harley , Paulino Daniele Melo Santos , Penteado Lucas Dellosso , Ruthes Heloiza Candeia , Fraga Iuri Fazolin , Mascarenhas Fernando Junior Resende , Wolenski Anderson Renato Vobornik , Saraiva Raísse Layane de Paula , de Carvalho Carlos Maviael , Aquino Vinicius Borges de Moura , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco , Christoforo André Luis
Published: November 2021

This research evaluated the possible use of tropical hardwood species (Myrocarpus frondosus and Ocotea porosa) for grilling plank production. Physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties were evaluated and compared with properties of a well-used wood species for grilling planks, western red cedar (Thuja plicata). For chemical analysis, one technique was used: hydrodistillation. Normality tests and analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used for the comparisons between Thuja plicata and tropical hardwoods. The results of the organoleptic, chemical, and statistical analyses demonstrated the possibility of using Myrocarpus frondosus and Ocotea porosa in grilling plank production.
Wood fiber-reinforced polylactic acid sheets enabled by papermaking
Authors: Zhao Yang , Shen Qinpeng , Duan Yuanxin , Wu Shuyin , Lei Ping , Yang Liu , Qin Yunhua , Yang Fei
Published: November 2021

Polylactic acid is a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester derived from renewable polysaccharides. In this work, softwood fibers were used to reinforce the paper sheet made from polylactic acid fibers, thus addressing the challenges regarding low density, rough surface, and weak strength. The impact of wood fibers and calendering on the physical properties (density, roughness, tensile strength, and folding endurance) of the composite paper were identified. Furthermore, the morphology of papers with different fiber contents and those that had been calendered was characterized with a scanning electron microscope. The use of wood fibers resulted in the improvement of the physical properties of the polylactic acid paper, and the enhanced refining of wood fibers had a favorable role in improving paper density, smoothness, and mechanical strength. The tensile index increased 37.9% when the beating degree of wood fibers increased from 25 to 60 °SR. After calendering, the density, smoothness, tensile strength, folding endurance, and air barrier property of the paper were improved 60.2%, 45.8%, 15.5%, 148.1%, and 79.4%, respectively. The calendering-based papermaking process involving the combined use of wood fibers and polylactic acid fibers would be a promising strategy for designing composite materials for tailorable end-uses.
Groups with constraints for proper factor-groups and the modules associated with them
Authors: Kurdachenko L.A. , Kalashnіkova N.V. , Otal J. , Subbotin I.Ya.
Published: November 2021

We cover essential elements of researches on jn-X-groups, in particular, the theoretic-modular part. We explain some new results about jn-X-groups. We describe the set of questions that are related to further researches on jn-X-groups.
As revoluções russas
Authors: Reis Daniel Aarão
Published: November 2021

O artigo estuda o crescimento das tendências autoritárias no contexto das revoluções russas e do socialismo soviético. Depois de um período de transição, entre outubro de 1917 e julho de 1918, tais tendências se consolidariam durante as guerras civis, entre 1918 e 1921, consideradas como uma revolução na revolução, consumando um ciclo autoritário, verdadeiro berço do socialismo soviético. O comunismo de guerra e a incorporação de uma perspectiva nacionalista também seriam aspectos integrantes das guerras civis, transformando o sentido do ciclo democrático (revoluções de 1905 e de 1917 - fevereiro e outubro), reorientando-o num sentido autoritário que perduraria até à desagregação da União Soviética em 1991.
Loucura, rebaixamento intelectual de mulheres e protagonismo
Authors: Toledo Eliza Teixeira de
Published: November 2021

Este artigo procura dar visibilidade e inteligibilidade histórica a formas de rebaixamento intelectual e de modos de vida vivenciados por uma paciente psiquiátrica internada no Hospital Psiquiátrico do Juquery entre os anos 1940 e 1950. Recorrendo ao seu prontuário médico, podemos acessar parte de suas experiências de vida dentro e fora do hospital. A paciente em questão tem em comum com outras ali internadas o fato de ter elaborado trabalhos de arte na Seção de Pintura daquele Hospital, além de ter sua internação marcada pela indicação de uma psicocirurgia em função de seu um comportamento “rebelde”. Nesse sentido, seu caso é bastante representativo de outros processos de internação de pacientes mulheres submetidas à psicocirurgia, terapêutica psiquiátrica mais radical da época. Considerando a produção de obras de arte dessa paciente, que teve inclusive reconhecimento na Exposição de Arte Psicopatológica de Paris, em 1950, um ponto de evidência da desconsideração de sua capacidade intelectual repousa sobre sua atividade artística. Isso porque a sua indicação para a psicocirurgia demonstra a intencionalidade de seu controle comportamental por meio da terapêutica em detrimento de sua capacidade mental, uma vez que a terapêutica comportava riscos de sequelas psicológicas e motoras, além da possibilidade de mudança de personalidade. Por meio de seu prontuário, recuperamos ainda a busca da paciente por estratégias de reconhecimento de autonomia dentro e fora do hospital, além de formas de resistência contra o rebaixamento intelectual que a noção de patologia mental lhe atribuía.
Sociabilidades intelectuais, mediação cultural e recrutamento de mulheres em instituições científicas no Rio de Janeiro (1940-1960)
Authors: Rossi Daiane Silveira , Ferreira Luiz Otávio , Azevedo Nara
Published: November 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo abordar um novo padrão de sociabilidade de gênero forjado nos ambientes educativos e científicos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro nos anos 1940 e 1950. Ali se institucionalizaram práticas de mediação cultural dirigidas para a educação em ciências e a divulgação científica. Naqueles espaços surgiram oportunidades de recrutamento de estudantes e profissionais para carreiras científicas em instituições que após a Segunda Guerra Mundial passaram a oferecer oportunidades de profissionalização para mulheres. Essas questões são tratadas à luz da relação entre Newton Dias dos Santos (1916-1989), cientista mediador cultural, e Dyrce Lacombe (1932-), uma jovem estudante de quem ele foi professor e orientou para seguir a carreira científica.
Lygia Santos
Authors: Melo Diogo Jorge de , Oliveira Samuel Silva Rodrigues de
Published: November 2021

O artigo analisa a trajetória e os projetos de identidade afro-brasileira agenciados por Lygia Santos. Mulher e intelectual negra, filha dos músicos Donga e Zaira de Oliveira, investiga-se a sua relação com a produção cultural no Rio de Janeiro no período entre 1934 a 1980, a partir da análise de sua posição social contextualizada em três configurações sócio-políticas: na sua família, no Renascença Clube e na “Casa de Lygia Santos”. Através desses espaços compreende-se a formação das identidades construídas pela personagem, bem como ela se tornou mediadora de projetos culturais associados às memórias e identidades negras no Rio de Janeiro. O artigo faz uso de testemunhos orais, pesquisas em jornais e arquivos para construir um perfil da trajetória e dos projetos da intelectual negra.
ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Milusheva V.
Published: November 2021

Company competitiveness is one of the favorite fields of study of scientists, managers and analysts alike. The progress in terms of theory and methodology is undeniable, yet this is hardly the case with the practical application of the approaches and methodology for evaluation of the competitiveness of business organizations which have been proposed in the theory. The purpose of this article is to propose an approach for evaluation and analysis of the competitiveness of business organizations. The proposition is that the presented approach can be used by practitioners. The proposed approach is based on evaluating companies’ competitiveness, benchmarking (against competitors and previous years) and identifying reserves. The value of the competitiveness indicator shows not only the business results of the business organization, but also its place among its other market competitors. At the same time this value allows individual business organizations to assess their ability to benefit from the current impact of the factors of the environment. It also shows the extent to which the company management has chosen the appropriate strategy for functioning and development.
Development of professional thinking in the setting of group multimodal supervision
Authors:   Professional League of Psychologists and Specialists of Helping Professions, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Lashkova Yevgenia , Berdibayeva Sveta ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Syrgakbayeva Akmaral ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Mun Mariya ,   Turan University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Bapayeva Mariyam ,   Kazakh National Women’s Teacher Training University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abdykalikova Marta ,   National School of Public Policy, Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2021

The aims of this article are multifaceted: to change the ideas about the traumatic nature of supervision, to reveal its potential in the development of young specialists, to preserve and maintain professional identity among experienced psychologists, and to develop supervision as an integral part of the full-fledged activity of practising psychologists and specialists in the helping professions in Kazakhstan. The article is devoted to the analysis of the main definitions of professional thinking which are developing in the setting of group multimodal supervision. Based on the analysis, three definitions were identified – the unity of affect and intelligence, theoretical thinking, and the principle of differentiation. The article shows the importance of the development of these definitions of professional thinking among practising psychologists, and describes the features of the development of these definitions in group multimodal supervision. The following definitions of thinking were identified in the course of data analysis: the unity of affect and intelligence, theoretical thinking, and the principle of differentiation. These definitions productively describe what professional competencies are formed in the process of supervision by a specialist. The described competencies of professional thinking fill in the existing gap of knowledge in this area, showing how the experience of supervision in the multimodal supervision group works towards the establishment of professional identity, and what specific mental competences are developing. It is worth noting that this is the first experience of highlighting the formation of the definitions of professional thinking. The study is based on the following theoretical traditions in psychology: general psychology, psychoanalysis, and professional multimodal model of supervision.
Emotional intelligence, indirect self-destructiveness and gender
Authors:   Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland, Tsirigotis Konstantinos
Published: November 2021

Emotional intelligence may beneficially affect human life and psychological and social functioning, whereas indirect self-destructiveness exerts a rather adverse impact thereon. The aim of this study was to synthesise the results of research on possible relationships between emotional intelligence and indirect self-destructiveness, emotional intelligence dimensions and indirect self-destructiveness categories, as well as the gender differentiation of relationships between particular dimensions of emotional intelligence and the categories of indirect self-destructiveness. A population of 260 individuals (130 females and 130 males) aged 20–30 years (mean age of 24.5 years) was assessed using INTE, i.e. the Polish version of the Assessing Emotions Scale (AES) and the Polish version of Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (CS-DS). The level of emotional intelligence differentiated the intensity of indirect self-destructiveness and vice versa. Emotional intelligence and its factors showed many significant, mainly negative, correlations with indirect self-destructiveness and its categories. Relationships between particular dimensions of emotional intelligence and categories of self-destructiveness differed between women and men. One of the crucial differences was the association between the ability to recognise emotions and transgression. In general, low emotional intelligence can be said to correlate with poor psychological and social functioning, which in turn is associated with indirect self-destructiveness and its categories. It seems advisable to utilise emotional intelligence in the prophylactic and therapeutic work with those suffering from various types of disorders, especially the indirect self-destructiveness syndrome. Knowledge on the differentiation of the said relationships may help properly target prophylactic and therapeutic interventions, adjusting them to a given gender.
Regrow or Repair: An Update on Potential Regenerative Therapies for the Kidney
Authors: Little Melissa H. , Humphreys Benjamin D.
Published: November 2021

Fifteen years ago, this journal published a review outlining future options for regenerating the kidney. At that time, stem cell populations were being identified in multiple tissues, the concept of stem cell recruitment to a site of injury was of great interest, and the possibility of postnatal renal stem cells was growing in momentum. Since that time, we have seen the advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells, substantial advances in our capacity to both sequence and edit the genome, global and spatial transcriptional analysis down to the single-cell level, and a pandemic that has challenged our delivery of health care to all. This article will look back over this period of time to see how our view of kidney development, disease, repair, and regeneration has changed and envision a future for kidney regeneration and repair over the next 15 years.