bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centromere protein F includes two sites that couple efficiently to depolymerizing microtubules
Authors: Volkov Vladimir A. , Grissom Paula M. , Arzhanik Vladimir K. , Zaytsev Anatoly V. , Renganathan Kutralanathan , McClure-Begley Tristan , Old William M. , Ahn Natalie , McIntosh J. Richard
Published: June 2015

Firm attachments between kinetochores and dynamic spindle microtubules (MTs) are important for accurate chromosome segregation. Centromere protein F (CENP-F) has been shown to include two MT-binding domains, so it may participate in this key mitotic process. Here, we show that the N-terminal MT-binding domain of CENP-F prefers curled oligomers of tubulin relative to MT walls by approximately fivefold, suggesting that it may contribute to the firm bonds between kinetochores and the flared plus ends of dynamic MTs. A polypeptide from CENP-F’s C terminus also bound MTs, and either protein fragment diffused on a stable MT wall. They also followed the ends of dynamic MTs as they shortened. When either fragment was coupled to a microbead, the force it could transduce from a shortening MT averaged 3–5 pN but could exceed 10 pN, identifying CENP-F as a highly effective coupler to shortening MTs.
Binding of STIL to Plk4 activates kinase activity to promote centriole assembly
Authors: Moyer Tyler C. , Clutario Kevin M. , Lambrus Bramwell G. , Daggubati Vikas , Holland Andrew J.
Published: June 2015

Centriole duplication occurs once per cell cycle in order to maintain control of centrosome number and ensure genome integrity. Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) is a master regulator of centriole biogenesis, but how its activity is regulated to control centriole assembly is unclear. Here we used gene editing in human cells to create a chemical genetic system in which endogenous Plk4 can be specifically inhibited using a cell-permeable ATP analogue. Using this system, we demonstrate that STIL localization to the centriole requires continued Plk4 activity. Most importantly, we show that direct binding of STIL activates Plk4 by promoting self-phosphorylation of the activation loop of the kinase. Plk4 subsequently phosphorylates STIL to promote centriole assembly in two steps. First, Plk4 activity promotes the recruitment of STIL to the centriole. Second, Plk4 primes the direct binding of STIL to the C terminus of SAS6. Our findings uncover a molecular basis for the timing of Plk4 activation through the cell cycle–regulated accumulation of STIL.
Genetic basis underlying connection between hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia inApoe-deficient mice
Authors: Wang Qian , Grainger Andrew T. , Manichaikul Ani , Farber Emily , Onengut-Gumuscu Suna , Shi Weibin
Published: June 2015

Individuals with dyslipidemia often develop type 2 diabetes, and diabetic patients often have dyslipidemia. It remains to be determined whether there are genetic connections between the 2 disorders. A female F2cohort, generated from BALB/cJ (BALB) and SM/J (SM)Apoe-deficient (Apoe−/−) strains, was fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels were measured before and after Western diet feeding. 144 genetic markers across the entire genome were used for analysis. One significant QTL on chromosome 9, namedBglu17[26.4 cM, logarithm of odds ratio (LOD): 5.4], and 3 suggestive QTLs were identified for fasting glucose levels. The suggestive QTL near the proximal end of chromosome 9 (2.4 cM, LOD: 3.12) was detected when mice were fed chow or Western diet and namedBglu16.Bglu17coincided with a significant QTL for HDL and a suggestive QTL for non-HDL cholesterol levels. Plasma glucose levels were inversely correlated with HDL but positively correlated with non-HDL cholesterol levels in F2mice fed either diet. A significant correlation between fasting glucose and triglyceride levels was observed on the Western but not chow diet. Haplotype analysis revealed that “lipid genes”Sik3andApoc3were probable candidates forBglu17.We have identified multiple QTLs for fasting glucose and lipid levels. The colocalization of QTLs for both phenotypes and the sharing of potential causal genes suggest that dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes are genetically connected.

Article Summary

Patients with dyslipidemia often develop type 2 diabetes, and diabetic patients often have dyslipidemia. It remains unknown whether there are genetic connections between the 2 disorders. Using a female F2cohort derived from BALB/cJ and SM/JApoe-deficient mice, we identified one significant QTL on chromosome 9, namedBglu17, and 3 suggestive QTLs were identified for fasting glucose levels.Bglu17coincided with a significant QTL for HDL and a suggestive QTL for non-HDL levels. Plasma glucose levels were significantly correlated with HDL and non-HDL levels in F2mice. Haplotype analysis revealedSik3andApoc3were probable candidates for both QTLs.
IAPT practitioners’ experiences of providing therapy to people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Shankland Jennifer , Dagnan Dave
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe the views and experiences of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) practitioners in providing therapy to patients who have an intellectual disability in order to support IAPT services in increasing their capability in this area.

Design/methodology/approach

– An online survey was conducted of IAPT practitioners in four IAPT services in the north of England. The survey collected respondents demographic information and their experience, confidence and attitudes to working with people with intellectual disabilities. Qualitative responses regarding respondents attitudes, views of barriers, problems, successes and possible solutions to the delivery of therapy to people with intellectual disabilities within IAPT services were collected. The survey results were interpreted by thematic and statistical analysis.

Findings

– The majority of respondents report having worked with people with intellectual disabilities and identify the need to adapt therapy, but also believe that such therapy should be offered within mainstream services. Thematic analysis identifies the needs for support in training, therapy adaptation and adjustment to pathways. However, the majority of respondents could identify positive outcomes and experiences.

Research limitations/implications

– This data supports the further development of pathways and offers some broad frameworks for the focus of training and development work for people with intellectual disabilities within IAPT.

Social implications

– This project has identified a positive attitude and willingness to consider adaptation of therapy for people with intellectual disabilities in practitioners working within IAPT services.

Originality/value

– Until now the views and experiences of IAPT practitioners in working with this patient group were relatively unknown.
Personality disorder and intellectual disability – concept and prevalence
Authors: Andersen Hilde Katrine
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The range of prevalence of personality disorder (PD) found in people with intellectual disability (ID) has been reported as vast, and has included data from dissimilar settings. The purpose of this paper is to review the reported prevalence of PD in the general population of people with ID, and to consider how different and changing ideas about PD have affected these rates.

Design/methodology/approach

– Cross-sectional studies of the prevalence of PD in people with ID were identified. The quality of the studies was considered, along with how cases of PD were identified.

Findings

– Six studies were included. The reported prevalence of PD in people known to have ID ranged from 0.7 to 35 per cent. Possible reasons for this wide range included different views of PD and methods of assessment.

Research limitations/implications

– The wide range of findings suggests that methodological differences are significant. Consideration to how clinicians should respond to the overlap of impairment between ID and PD may improve the conceptual clarity of PD, informing future epidemiological research.

Originality/value

– This review was limited to studies of samples likely to be representative of the general ID population. The range of prevalence estimates was narrower than previously reported, and more likely to reflect the true prevalence rate of PD amongst people who have ID. Consideration was also given to how different ideas of PD led to different methods and may have contributed to variance in the results.
Down syndrome: systematic review of the prevalence and nature of presentation of unipolar depression
Authors: Walton Catherine , Kerr Mike
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence and nature of presentation of unipolar depression in individuals with Down syndrome (DS).

Design/methodology/approach

– The PRISMA (2009) checklist for systematic review was followed where possible.

Findings

– Eight studies were included in the qualitative synthesis from a total of 634 records identified. The quality of the studies was then assessed: the studies all scored either 5 or 6 out of 6. The incidence of depression ranged between studies from 5 to 13 per cent. It was found that depression is more common in DS than the general intellectual disability population; this on a background of mental ill health of all causes being less common in DS. It was suggested that, excluding organic disorders, depression is the most common psychiatric problem in DS. In terms of the nature of depression, the evidence was less clear. Various “vegetative” and biological symptoms were observed, with no fixed pattern. There was evidence for withdrawal symptoms and psychosis.

Research limitations/implications

– The small number of studies included in this review, and their heterogeneity, highlights the need for further original research in this field.

Practical implications

– An increased awareness of the frequency of depression in individuals with DS will aid in a timely diagnosis, therefore reduce psychiatric morbidity. Clinicians should be aware of the varied presentation, with no clear clinical picture, in order to maintain a high index of suspicion in an individual presenting with “atypical” symptoms.

Originality/value

– This review has provided preliminary evidence that depression may be the most commonly experienced psychiatric disorder in DS.
Collaborative learning model of infrastructure construction: a capability perspective
Authors: Manley Karen , Chen Le
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to propose a new model to show how continuous joint learning of participant organisations improves project performance. Performance heterogeneity between collaborative infrastructure projects is typically examined by considering procurement systems and their governance mechanisms at static points in time. The literature neglects to consider the impact of dynamic learning capability, which is thought to reconfigure governance mechanisms over time in response to evolving market conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

– There are two stages of conceptual development. In the first stage, the management literature is analysed to explain the standard model of dynamic learning capability that emphasises three learning phases for organisations. This standard model is extended to derive a novel circular model of dynamic learning capability that shows a new feedback loop between performance and learning. In the second stage, the construction management literature is consulted, adding project lifecycle, stakeholder diversity and three organisational levels to the analysis to arrive at the collaborative model of dynamic learning capability.

Findings

– The collaborative model should enable construction organisations to successfully adapt and perform under changing market conditions. The complexity of learning cycles result in capabilities that are imperfectly imitable between organisations, explaining performance heterogeneity on projects.

Originality/value

– The collaborative model provides a theoretically substantiated description of project performance, driven by the evolution of procurement systems and governance mechanisms. The model’s empirical value will be tested in future research.
Succumbing, surviving, succeeding? Women managers in academia
Authors: Thompson Barbara Marcia
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to address an under-explored and under-theorised aspect of gender work in UK academia in that it looks at the professional lives of middle and senior women managers and leaders who are responsible for initial teacher training in their institutions. As Maguire (2002) and Murray (2002, 2006) point out, within academia, teacher trainers occupy a particularly under-researched space despite some recent interest (Korthagen and Vasalos, 2005; Thompson, 2007).

Design/methodology/approach

– This research draws on a larger study which explored how 22 middle and senior managers and leaders in ten institutions in England try to come to terms with carrying out their roles in the education marketplace. In-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with these women and data were also collected from field notes from participant observation undertaken at three of the institutions.

Findings

– Whereas some women are moving into positions of authority in the education marketplace, some existing women managers are being marginalised within new internally differentiated layers of managerial structures. Simultaneously, many women who manage teacher training are engaged in a struggle for survival individually and professionally. Those who succeed have managed to re-invent themselves to endorse neo-liberal discourses.

Originality/value

– Original empirical research which sheds new light on previous discourses related to women managers in neo-liberal academia.
Managing conflict at work: comparison between younger and older managerial employees
Authors: Yeung Dannii Y. , Fung Helene H. , Chan Darius
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– This study aimed to examine younger and older employees’ use of five conflict strategies to handle an actual conflict incident with other employees. With reference to the socioemotional selectivity theory, this study tests whether older employees, as compared with younger employees, would use more avoiding to handle conflicts with supervisors but less dominating to handle conflicts with subordinates. Moreover, this study investigates whether the interaction effect between role of the conflict partner and age would be explained by goal interdependence. Furthermore, it also tests whether the negative effect of avoiding on interpersonal relations and job satisfaction would be moderated by age.

Design/methodology/approach

– The three hypotheses were tested in a sample of 280 Chinese managerial and executive employees aged between 22 and 66 years. Participants were asked to recall their behavioral responses to an actual conflict incident with other employees.

Findings

– Results showed that relative to younger employees, older employees utilized more avoiding to deal with conflicts with supervisors and less dominating with subordinates. Such age differences in avoiding and dominating strategies were found to be explained by cooperative and independent goals held by the participants in the conflict incident. In addition, the negative effect of avoiding on interpersonal relations was only shown among younger employees but not among older employees.

Originality/value

– This finding suggests that the use of passive strategies is not always harmful to working adults, largely depending on the age of the users.
Microcredit and political empowerment in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan
Authors: Bayulgen Oksan
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the political effects of microcredit. The author provides the theoretical connections between microfinance and political empowerment and tests them in the context of Central Asia and the Caucasus, a region that is significantly lagging in political development and yet has a growing microfinance potential.

Design/methodology/approach

– The author conducted a total of 100 in-depth interviews with microcredit clients in Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan in June 2010 and January 2011, respectively. The author chose my client samples randomly from two of the largest non-governmental microfinance institutions in these countries.

Findings

– The findings of the survey reveal that microloans have only led to modest improvements in the socioeconomic status of the clients and had almost no effect on their political empowerment. Disaggregating the data further in terms of gender, type of loan and location of credit does not change the overall trends but reveals that to the extent that any political empowerment took place, group clients (mostly women) in urban settings were more aware and involved in political issues than individual clients in the villages.

Research limitations/implications

– Even with a carefully thought-out design, it is not clear how much the responses reflect the true and complicated impact of microfinance on the clients’ lives, a challenge that may be overcome in future research with focus group analysis or an ethnographic analysis of microcredit clients over a long period of time.

Practical implications

– Notwithstanding these shortcomings, these observations can help inform microfinance institutions, donor organizations and governments about the true potential of microfinance. A realization of the limits of this unique development tool may prove useful in reorienting the goals of foreign aid and designing a more effective approach to development.

Originality/value

– Despite the extensive literature on the economic and social effects of microcredit, very little attention has been given to how economic empowerment generated by microcredit can translate into political empowerment at the individual level. This paper lays out the theoretical reasons for why such a relationship might exist and tests these hypotheses systematically in two countries, taking into account gender, type of loan instrument and location of the loan.
How teachers’ practice knowledge is used and challenged in a Learning Study using Variation Theory as a tool
Authors: Thorsten Anja
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to discuss how teachers’ practice knowledge is used as a tool in a Learning Study and how teachers’ practice knowledge is challenged by using Variation Theory as a tool in the process?

Design/methodology/approach

– The analysis is based on data from the research process in a Learning Study. The data consists of meeting notes of ten research meetings, field notes of the research meetings and from the enactment of the lessons, video recordings of the lessons and reflective notes after and between the meetings. The analysis is qualitative and the findings are described in themes.

Findings

– Teachers’ practice knowledge was used and challenged in different ways in the process. This is described in five themes. Teachers’ practice knowledge was visible in the process since it enabled relevant questions to be addressed and subtle signals from students to be taken into account. It also ensured that the activities used were suitable for the students. The theory provided a focus on the object of learning and a language to talk about teaching and learning. It also challenged teachers’ assumptions about teaching and learning and allowed them to be discussed.

Originality/value

– The paper addresses both teachers’ practice knowledge and Variation Theory in relation to a Learning Study. It focusses on how practice knowledge of teachers can be used and challenged in the same process. The perspective is from the inside, from a teacher researcher’s point of view.
Evaluation as key to describing the enacted object of learning
Authors: Pillay Vasen , Adler Jill
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the methodology used by the authors to describe the enacted object of learning, a methodology where data production and analysis is rooted in a theorisation of pedagogy. The authors share how the authors used this methodological approach to provide a comprehensive description of the enacted object of learning and in so doing the authors hope to make a methodological contribution to the field of learning study. The lesson analysis foregrounds the importance of “evaluation” in pedagogic practice, and thus a key element of pedagogy. Tools from variation theory are incorporated into this broader approach that the authors suggest illuminates the enacted object of learning. The authors offer this approach as a methodological contribution to the development of research in and on learning study.

Design/methodology/approach

– A case study approach was adopted as the key research methodology in this study. The four teachers who participated in this study were purposively identified since in the first instance the design of the study warranted that the teachers who participated were teaching mathematics at grade 10. Second, the need to be purposive in the sampling strategy employed was based on issues around cost, logistics and convenience.

Findings

– While learning study foregrounds the importance of examining the constitution of the enacted object of learning, the contention is that it is through a focus on evaluation that the authors are able to fully describe what is constituted as mathematics with respect to the enacted object of learning. Analysis of evaluation thus adds to the description of the enacted object in critical ways.

Originality/value

– Within the domain of learning study, this paper provides a novel way of engaging with a lesson transcript in an attempt to fully describe what comes to be constituted as the enacted object of learning. This is achieved by combining the notion of evaluative events and authorisation on one hand and variation theory on the other.
Use of theoretical concepts in lesson study: an example from teacher training
Authors: Martin Daniel , Clerc-Georgy Anne
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present a lesson study (LS) approach implemented as part of the initial training of primary school teachers in a course on the oversight and accompaniment of learning. This course aims to develop students’ ability to analyse their practice and to shift attention to pupils’ learning processes.

Design/methodology/approach

– Data were collected on the contribution of the LS system and interaction protocols used in class, according to students.

Findings

– Qualitative analysis of this data shows the role played by the use of theoretical concepts in the quality of their planning, the depth of their analysis and the quality of their work in class.

Practical implications

– This work opens avenues for teacher training, in particular in terms of encouraging students to use theoretical concepts to prepare, implement and analyse their teaching.

Originality/value

– This approach is of interest in that it examines the use of theoretical concepts in a study lesson system during initial teacher training.
French Didactique des Mathématiques and Lesson Study: a profitable dialogue?
Authors: Clivaz Stéphane
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present French Didactique des Mathématiques (DM) to the Lesson Study (LS) community.

Design/methodology/approach

– This theoretical paper presents the origins of DM in the Theory of Didactical Situations (TDS) by Brousseau. It elaborates about didactical engineering, fundamental situation and other fundamental concepts. It briefly presents other Didactique theories: the theory of conceptual fields, the anthropological theory of the didactic, the joint action theory in didactics and the double approach. It considers importance of the (TDS) and influences over teaching of mathematics. This paper finishes by highlighting the ways Didactique and LS could contribute to each other in a profitable dialogue.

Findings

– The paper contrasts DM with some LS main features. It highlights the parallels despite fundamental differences in the initial goals of the perspectives. It shows that these differences could lead to productive dialogue by producing more practice-oriented forms of didactical engineering for the first and making teachers’ principles for lessons more explicit for the latter.

Originality/value

– The paper presents a very quick overview of the parallels between DM and LS. Additionally, this paper gives many accessible references in English for the reader to explore Didactique further.
Responses to customized products: the consumers’ behavioral intentions
Authors: Jiang Pingjun , Balasubramanian Siva K , Lambert Zarrel V.
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to make contributions toward new knowledge and understanding of how marketers can provide effective online customization experiences for customers. The practicality of online mass customization has received much attention as consumers perceive more value from customized products than from their standardized counterparts. Little research has been done to understand consumers’ behavioral intentions in response to these value additions. This study incorporates product information framing in developing and empirically testing a model of the relationship between online customization and price sensitivity, endowment addition and expected likelihood of product return.

Design/methodology/approach

– The relationship among the constructs specified in the model was tested using multiple group structural equation modeling analysis.

Findings

– The findings indicate that consumers perceived knowledge gain via customization process influences the utilitarian value, which directly impacts levels of likelihood of product return and price sensitivity. The process value, on the hedonic side, influences more on the endowment addition. Endowment addition is found to mediate the relationship between the hedonic benefits and the two utilitarian outcome variables: price sensitivity and likelihood of product return.

Originality/value

– Understanding the consequences of customization is particularly crucial for marketers. This research is the first to expand and further our knowledge of customization, particularly in relation to its outcomes of customers’ behavioral intentions.
Selected dimensions of service gender: a study of perceptions of Generation Y
Authors: Melancon Joanna Phillips , Forbes Lukas P. , Fugate Douglas
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to investigate how changes in technology and gender roles have changed Generation Y’s (Gen Y) perception of the gender of services from previous studies. Although the past 20 years have seen substantial changes in service delivery methods in addition to changes in the traditional roles of gender and households, in many ways, businesses continue to deliver products and services to their customers using traditional marketing techniques.

Design/methodology/approach

– Survey data were collected using a sample of 190 responses.

Findings

– Results indicate that consumers will consistently identify services as having gender, that consumers will rate service gender consistent with the perceived typical consumer of a service and that consumers will rate service gender consistent with the gender of their front-line employee. Online/automated services are also gendered. High-contact services have stronger gender identity than low-contact services. Congruence of consumer and service gender is more important to men than women.

Practical implications

– This study suggests that managers must understand gender identity of their services as well as cues that suggest gender relating to consumers and front-line employees. Automated and online services also must be positioned to give correct gender cues, particularly to male markets.

Originality/value

– This is one of the few studies to explore the gender identity of services and the first study to consider service gender in approximately two decades. Additionally, it is the first study to explore gender in automated delivery/online services as well as high/low-contact services, and the first study to gauge service gender perceptions of Gen Y.
Service interactions and subjective well-being in later life
Authors: Plaud Cécile , Guillemot Samuel
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examines the positive and negative impact of service provider experiences on the process of identity adjustment and how they can lead to subjective well-being (SWB). Due to increased life expectancies, people are experiencing major life events during aging (e.g. death of a spouse, serious disease and major health problems), events that lead to identity redefinition.

Design/methodology/approach

– To gain more insight into this issue, a qualitative study was carried out that involved 37 in-depth interviews conducted with aging individuals who had experienced a major life event such as retirement and/or death of spouse. To apprehend the diversity of consumption situations, the authors investigated daily consumption, hedonic consumption and imposed services (e.g. health and funeral services) due to life events.

Findings

– The findings suggest that service providers influence consumer’s SWB as regards relationships, growth and purpose in life, mastery and independence and self-acceptance.

Originality/value

– The contribution indicates that services play a role in maintaining and/or creating SWB. By segmentation through social roles and facilitating access to services, providers must take into account the processes of normalcy and abandonment (déprise) among aging consumers in life transitions. They must also ensure that they support consumers with the lowest human capital (skills, level of education, income and social class).
The market performance indicator: a macro understanding of service provider switching
Authors: D'Alessandro Steven , Johnson Lester , Gray David M. , Carter Leanne
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to adapt the market performance indicator (MPI), used by the European Commission to evaluate market conditions, over time, to show that the MPI explains actual switching behavior better than stated intent and satisfaction. While research on service provider switching has focused on the outcomes of service transactions and the benefits of switching, there is little research on how consumers view market conditions as being favorable or not for switching.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors used a mixed methodology of focus groups and longitudinal survey research of cell phone consumers to evaluate the effect of the MPI on satisfaction, perceptions of value, switching intentions and behavior.

Findings

– The MPI was found to influence perceptions of satisfaction and value, and was found to contribute strongly to actual switching behavior. The results also showed that an improvement in the MPI or market conditions lead to a much greater relationship between it and actual switching behavior, suggesting that there may well be important threshold level, upon which greater switching behavior occurs.

Originality/value

– The MPI provides marketers and policy-makers with benchmarks to compare the consumer welfare of different markets in different countries. Switching studies with MPI figures can be more easily generalized to different contexts.
Mass collaborative knowledge management
Authors: Borjigen Chaolemen
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to reveal the underlying principles of knowledge processing in a new era of mass collaboration and provide an integrated guideline for organizational knowledge management (KM) based on identifying the gaps between the existing KM theories and emerging knowledge initiatives such as Web 2.0, Pro-Am, Crowdsourcing, as well as Open Innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

– This research mainly employs three types of research methodologies: Literature study was conducted to connect this study with conventional theories in KM and propose the main principles of Mass Collaborative Knowledge Management (MCKM). Object-oriented modeling was used for designing its interaction model. The case study method was employed to discuss the two typical practices carried out by Goldcorp Inc. as well as the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency.

Findings

– This paper proposes the novel KM paradigm called MCKM and also provides its main principles and the interaction model. First, it identifies the gaps between emerging practices and existing KM theories. Second, it embraces the long tails into the scope of organizational KM and extends the scope of prevailing KM studies. Third, it falls back on Pro-Ams to save the costs of and to reduce the risk to organizational KM as well. Fourth, it highlights the advantages of opening organizational internal knowledge and transforms the core beliefs in conventional KM. Finally, it classifies organizational knowledge into two types, domain knowledge and non-domain knowledge, and provides some managing policies, respectively.

Practical implications

– Introducing MCKM into organizational KM will not only enhance the organizational knowledge creation and sharing, but also help an organization build its open knowledge ecosystem.

Originality/value

– This is a paper to introduce a new direction of KM studies, which guides an organization to build an open knowledge ecosystem by implementing mass collaborations and taking advantages of the complementary advantages of men and machines in knowledge processing.
The effect of network externality on mobile social network site continuance
Authors: Zhou Tao
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of network externality on users’ continuance of mobile social network sites (SNS).

Design/methodology/approach

– Based on the 230 valid responses collected from a survey, structural equation modeling was employed to examine the research model.

Findings

– The results indicated that network externality, which includes referent network size and perceived complementarity, has a significant effect on perceived usefulness and flow. Privacy concern affects perceived usefulness, flow and privacy risk. These three factors determine continued use.

Originality/value

– Previous research has focussed on the effects of motivations such as perceived value on user adoption of SNS. The effect of network externality on user continuance has seldom been examined. This research tries to fill the gap.
Effect of anelastic patchy saturated sand layers on the reflection and transmission responses of a periodically layered medium
Authors: Dupuy Bastien , Stovas Alexey
Published: June 2015

Based on analytic relations, we compute the reflection and transmission responses of a periodically layered medium with a stack of elastic shales and partially saturated sands. The sand layers are considered anelastic (using patchy saturation theory) or elastic (with effective velocity). Using the patchy saturation theory, we introduce a velocity dispersion due to mesoscale attenuation in the sand layer. This intrinsic anelasticity is creating frequency dependence, which is added to the one coming from the layering (macroscale). We choose several configurations of the periodically layered medium to enhance more or less the effect of anelasticity. The worst case to see the effect of intrinsic anelasticity is obtained with low dispersion in the sand layer, strong contrast between shales and sands, and a low value of the net‐to‐gross ratio (sand proportion divided by the sand + shale proportion), whereas the best case is constituted by high dispersion, weak contrast, and high net‐to‐gross ratio. We then compare the results to show which dispersion effect is dominating in reflection and transmission responses. In frequency domain, the influence of the intrinsic anelasticity is not negligible compared with the layering effect. Even if the main resonance patterns are the same, the resonance peaks for anelastic cases are shifted towards high frequencies and have a slightly lower amplitude than for elastic cases. These observations are more emphasized when we combine all effects and when the net‐to‐gross ratio increases, whereas the differences between anelastic and elastic results are less affected by the level of intrinsic dispersion and by the contrast between the layers. In the time domain, the amplitude of the responses is significantly lower when we consider intrinsic anelastic layers. Even if the phase response has the same features for elastic and anelastic cases, the anelastic model responses are clearly more attenuated than the elastic ones. We conclude that the frequency dependence due to the layering is not always dominating the responses. The frequency dependence coming from intrinsic visco‐elastic phenomena affects the amplitude of the responses in the frequency and time domains. Considering intrinsic attenuation and velocity dispersion of some layers should be analyzed while looking at seismic and log data in thin layered reservoirs.
Risk and resilience: health inequalities, working conditions and sickness benefit arrangements: an analysis of the 2010 European Working Conditions survey
Authors: van der Wel Kjetil A. , Bambra Clare , Dragano Nico , Eikemo Terje A. , Lunau Thorsten
Published: June 2015

In this article we ask whether the level of sickness benefit provision protects the health of employees, particularly those who are most exposed to hazardous working conditions or who have a little education. The study uses the European Working Condition Survey that includes information on 20,626 individuals from 28 countries. Health was measured by self‐reported mental wellbeing and self‐rated general health. Country‐level sickness benefit provision was constructed using spending data from Eurostat. Group‐specific associations were fitted using cross‐level interaction terms between sickness benefit provision and physical and psychosocial working conditions respectively, as well as those with little education. The mental wellbeing of employees exposed to psychosocial job strain and physical hazards, or who had little education, was better in countries that offer more generous sickness benefit. These results were found in both men and women and were robust to the inclusion of GDP and country fixed effects. In the analyses of self‐reported general health, few group‐specific associations were found. This article concludes that generous sickness benefit provision may strengthen employee's resilience against mental health risks at work and risks associated with little education. Consequently, in countries with a generous provision of sickness benefit, social inequalities in mental health are smaller.
3D Food Printing: A Taste of the Future
Authors: Lin Clarice
Published: June 2015

One of the core competencies in the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) education standards is for students to achieve competency in communication skills (that is, oral and written communication, listening, interviewing, and so on). According to the IFT guidelines, by the time students graduate, they should not only be able to search for and condense information, but also be able to “communicate technical information to a nontechnical audience.” The Education, Extension and Outreach Division of IFT sponsors a writing competition for undergraduate students to bring attention to and promote the development of communication skills. It has been shown that employees/entry‐level scientists who can communicate technical and nontechnical concepts succinctly will be in a better position to achieve management status after entering the work force. Monetary prizes are awarded to the authors of the top 3 papers. A revised version of the winning entry is published in the Journal of Food Science Education for dissemination to a worldwide audience.
A case of rhabdomyolysis associated with severe opioid withdrawal
Authors: Gangahar Deepali
Published: June 2015

Background and Objective

While the risk of opioid overdose is widely accepted, the dangers of opioid withdrawal are far less clearly defined. The purpose of this publication is to provide evidence against the erroneous clinical dictum that opioid withdrawal is never life‐threatening.

Methods and Results

This case report (N = 1) illustrates an unfortunate, common scenario of a man abusing prescription opioids and heroin. His attempt at self‐detoxification with buprenorphine–naloxone resulted in life‐threatening opioid withdrawal. A detailed account of each day of his withdrawal period was documented by patient and family report and review of all medical records. The patient was contacted three months after hospitalization to verify information and determine progress in treatment and abstinence from drugs and alcohol.

Discussion and Conclusion

A review of the literature was completed on severe cases of precipitated and spontaneous opioid withdrawal followed by a discussion of the significance as it relates to this case.

Scientific Significance

Given the widespread use of prescription opioids and opioid maintenance treatment, physicians should be aware of the complications of acute opioid withdrawal and should be equipped to treat these complications. (Am J Addict 2015;24:400 –402)
Cardinals or Clerics? Congressional Committees and the Distribution of Pork
Authors: Berry Christopher R. , Fowler Anthony
Published: June 2015

Journalistic and academic accounts of Congress suggest that important committee positions allow members to procure more federal funds for their constituents, but existing evidence on this topic is limited in scope and has failed to distinguish the effects of committee membership from selection onto committees. We bring together decades of data on federal outlays and congressional committee and subcommittee assignments to provide a comprehensive analysis of committee positions and distributive politics across all policy domains. Using a within‐member research design, we find that seats on key committees produce little additional spending. The chairs of the Appropriations subcommittees—the so called “cardinals” of Congress—are an exception to the rule. These leadership positions do generate more funding for constituents, but only from programs under the jurisdiction of their subcommittee. Our results paint a new picture of distributive politics and call for a reexamination of its canonical theories.
Response-Adaptive Randomization for Multi-arm Clinical Trials Using the Forward Looking Gittins Index Rule
Authors: Villar Sofía S. , Wason James , Bowden Jack
Published: June 2015

The Gittins index provides a well established, computationally attractive, optimal solution to a class of resource allocation problems known collectively as the multi-arm bandit problem. Its development was originally motivated by the problem of optimal patient allocation in multi-arm clinical trials. However, it has never been used in practice, possibly for the following reasons: (1) it is fully sequential, i.e., the endpoint must be observable soon after treating a patient, reducing the medical settings to which it is applicable; (2) it is completely deterministic and thus removes randomization from the trial, which would naturally protect against various sources of bias. We propose a novel implementation of the Gittins index rule that overcomes these difficulties, trading off a small deviation from optimality for a fully randomized, adaptive group allocation procedure which offers substantial improvements in terms of patient benefit, especially relevant for small populations. We report the operating characteristics of our approach compared to existing methods of adaptive randomization using a recently published trial as motivation.
Comprehensive review of BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome with report of two new cases
Authors: Rai K. , Pilarski R. , Cebulla C.M. , Abdel‐Rahman M.H.
Published: June 2015

The BRCA1‐associated protein‐1 (BAP1) tumor predisposition syndrome (BAP1‐TPDS) is a recently identified hereditary cancer syndrome. Germline mutations in this tumor suppressor gene predispose families to the development of various malignancies. The molecular functions of the gene as well as the clinical phenotype of the syndrome are still being clarified. We sought to conduct a comprehensive review of published research into BAP1‐TPDS to more thoroughly delineate the clinical implications of germline BAP1 mutations. We also report two additional families with germline BAP1 mutations. Current evidence demonstrates that germline BAP1 mutations predispose families to uveal melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, cutaneous melanoma, and possibly to a range of other cancers as well. Some of these cancers tend to be more aggressive, have a propensity to metastasize, and onset earlier in life in patients with BAP1 mutations as compared to non‐predisposed patients with equivalent cancers. Although further research is necessary, this information can aid in the management, diagnosis, and therapy of these patients and their families, and highlights the importance of genetic counseling.
Sample Elimination for Generating Poisson Disk Sample Sets
Authors: Yuksel Cem
Published: June 2015

In this paper we describe sample elimination for generating Poisson disk sample sets with a desired size. We introduce a greedy sample elimination algorithm that assigns a weight to each sample in a given set and eliminates the ones with greater weights in order to pick a subset of a desired size with Poisson disk property without having to specify a Poisson disk radius. This new algorithm is simple, computationally efficient, and it can work in any sampling domain, producing sample sets with more pronounced blue noise characteristics than dart throwing. Most importantly, it allows unbiased progressive (adaptive) sampling and it scales better to high dimensions than previous methods. However, it cannot guarantee maximal coverage. We provide a statistical analysis of our algorithm in 2D and higher dimensions as well as results from our tests with different example applications.
Compressive Image Reconstruction in Reduced Union of Subspaces
Authors: Miandji Ehsan , Kronander Joel , Unger Jonas
Published: June 2015

We present a new compressed sensing framework for reconstruction of incomplete and possibly noisy images and their higher dimensional variants, e.g. animations and light‐fields. The algorithm relies on a learning‐based basis representation. We train an ensemble of intrinsically two‐dimensional (2D) dictionaries that operate locally on a set of 2D patches extracted from the input data. We show that one can convert the problem of 2D sparse signal recovery to an equivalent 1D form, enabling us to utilize a large family of sparse solvers. The proposed framework represents the input signals in a reduced union of subspaces model, while allowing sparsity in each subspace. Such a model leads to a much more sparse representation than widely used methods such as K‐SVD. To evaluate our method, we apply it to three different scenarios where the signal dimensionality varies from 2D (images) to 3D (animations) and 4D (light‐fields). We show that our method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in computer graphics and image processing literature.
IsoMatch: Creating Informative Grid Layouts
Authors: Fried O. , DiVerdi S. , Halber M. , Sizikova E. , Finkelstein A.
Published: June 2015

Collections of objects such as images are often presented visually in a grid because it is a compact representation that lends itself well for search and exploration. Most grid layouts are sorted using very basic criteria, such as date or filename. In this work we present a method to arrange collections of objects respecting an arbitrary distance measure. Pairwise distances are preserved as much as possible, while still producing the specific target arrangement which may be a 2D grid, the surface of a sphere, a hierarchy, or any other shape. We show that our method can be used for infographics, collection exploration, summarization, data visualization, and even for solving problems such as where to seat family members at a wedding. We present a fast algorithm that can work on large collections and quantitatively evaluate how well distances are preserved.