bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights on recent innovations in bladder cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Abd El‐Salam Mohamed A. , Smith Claire E.P. , Pan Chong‐Xian
Published: June 2022

Bladder carcinoma is the most common genitourinary cancer, with a high prevalence and global incidence. In addition to early detection by cytology, the management of bladder cancer has recently advanced, not only by improvements in conventional treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy, but also through the introduction of immunotherapeutic strategies. The number of approved immunotherapeutic agents has dramatically increased, with various preclinical and clinical applications in cancer drug discovery. Some bladder cancer immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, cytokine‐based therapy, bispecific antibodies, and antibody‐drug conjugates. This review provides an overview of some of the innovative immunotherapeutic agents approved and in development that can potentially be used in the treatment of bladder cancer.
A bio‐inspired AlexNet‐DrpXLm architype for an effective brain stroke lesion detection and classification
Authors: Melingi Sunil Babu , Mojjada Ramesh Kumar , Karunakar Reddy Vanga , Pavan Kumar Ch. V. M. S. N. , Ashok Kumar K.
Published: June 2022

In this article, a bio‐inspired AlexNet‐DrpXLm architype is proposed for an effective brain stroke lesion detection and classification within a short period. Here, the input CT image datasets are collected from Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, then the images are preprocessed to take away the noises and also enhance the quality of the images. After that, the input images are trained and the features are extracted with the help of AlexNet model, and then classified as the brain images of normal and abnormal. The last three layers of the AlexNet model are replaced with the dropout extreme learning machine (DrpXLM) classifier to classify the images in efficient manner. The DrpXLM weight parameters are tuned by improved dolphin swarm optimization algorithm. The proposed method attains higher accuracy 99.54%, high precision 90.43%, high F‐score 89.40%, higher specificity 93.56%, higher sensitivity 93.56%, lower computational time 0.02 s, and the proposed method is compared to the existing methods, like random decision forest with gravitational search algorithm, hybrid native Bayes and sample weighted with random forest classification algorithm, and random forest with fractional‐order Darwinian particle swarm optimization.
Context adaptive ensemble classification mechanism with multi‐criteria decision making for network intrusion detection
Authors: Devprasad Kayathri Devi , Ramanujam Sukumar , Rajendran Suresh Babu
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) enabled with computational intelligence for electing the suitable classifiers to learn the patterns of various types of network attacks are under study. Selection mechanism of single or ensemble classifiers based on performance and ranking is to be enabled in the IDS framework to make accurate pattern predictions. A new anomaly based network intrusion detection system framework is proposed using context adaptive classification through the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) ranking mechanism with hierarchy based chi‐square and bat algorithms for feature selection. Parameters like accuracy, false positive rate (FPR), and classification model building time are explored for choosing the best and situation aware classifiers using TOPSIS. For experimentation, NSL‐KDD and UNSW‐NB15 datasets are used. The proposed system opts decision tree (DT) algorithm for NSL‐KDD and produces 98.77% accuracy, 0.03% FPR with 8 features. Ensemble learner is selected for the UNSW‐NB15 dataset using DT and support vector machine classifiers with 9 features. Combined classifier predicts 89.43% accuracy and 3.215% FPR. Experimentation on the proposed methodology with the state of the art approaches produces promising results.
Diverse Applications of Biomass‐Derived 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural and Derivatives as Renewable Starting Materials
Authors: Chacón‐Huete Franklin , Messina Cynthia , Cigana Brandon , Forgione Pat
Published: June 2022

This Review summarizes recent efforts to capitalize on 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and related furans as emerging building blocks for the synthesis of fine chemicals and materials, with a focus on advanced applications within medicinal and polymer chemistry, as well as nanomaterials. As with all chemical industries, these fields have historically relied heavily on petroleum‐derived starting materials, an unsustainable and polluting feedstock. Encouragingly, the emergent chemical versatility of biomass‐derived furans has been shown to facilitate derivatization towards valuable targets. Continued work on the synthetic manipulation of HMF, and related derivatives, for access to a wide range of target compounds and materials is crucial for further development. Increasingly, biomass‐derived furans are being utilized for a wide range of chemical applications, the continuation of which is paramount to accelerate the paradigm shift towards a sustainable chemical industry.
Commentary on: Pre‐clinical platforms to study therapeutic efficacy of human γδ T cells
Authors: Guha Rupa , Waddell Jaylyn , Banerjee Aditi
Published: June 2022

This commentary describes chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)‐T cells' impact on solid tumors using novel preclinical models. In haematological malignancies, CAR‐T therapy has had a lot of success. Unfortunately, due to the complex tumour microenvironment (TME) within a solid tumour and the lack of a preclinical model that can recreate this TME complexity, this treatment for solid tumors has failed. Lingling et al., 2022, documented four melanoma organoid models that address many of the significant TME clinical concerns with CAR‐T therapy in solid tumors and observed that γδ T cells treatment in combination with checkpoint inhibitors could significantly improve its infiltration as well as efficacy.
Efficient user pairing for minimization of capacity loss and outage probability in downlink non‐orthogonal multiple access systems
Authors: Abd‐Elnaby Mohammed
Published: June 2022

Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a potential technology for the fifth‐generation (5G) cellular systems. The main task of the user pairing (UP) in NOMA is the selection of the paired users according to their channel gains. In this paper, an efficient UP algorithm is proposed to enhance the performance metrics of NOMA systems such as capacity, fairness, and outage probability. Firstly, the impact of the paired users' channel gains on the performance of NOMA systems is investigated and discussed. The proposed UP is based on the minimization of the capacity loss to maximize the NOMA network capacity. Also, the proposed UP targets to reduce the divergence between paired users' channel gains to avoid capacity loss and the degradation of the user fairness and the user data rate. Performance evaluation results have revealed that the proposed UP significantly outperforms the existing UP algorithms in maximizing the capacity and improving the fairness and the outage probability. Also, it achieves very small values of the outage probability which range from 1% to 10% of the achieved values by the other UP algorithms.
Terrestrial impact craters track the voyage of lithospheric plates
Authors: Aneeshkumar V. , Indu G. K. , Santosh M. , James S. , Chandran Saranya R. , Padmakumar Devika , Sajinkumar K. S.
Published: June 2022

The paradigm of plate tectonics has aided in the identification of the journey of continents on the globe, their assembly into supercontinents, disruption, and re‐assembly. Here, we use meteorite impact craters as proxies for tracking the voyage of lithospheric plates. Employing the provisions in GPlates, an interactive geographic information system‐based plate tectonic reconstruction model, we were able to identify the palaeo‐position, and velocity of the 174 terrestrial impact craters, formed after 1,100 Ma, across the globe. These parameters of craters were evaluated for independent tectonic plates and were correlated with global tectonic events. For example, the similarity in the velocity of Beaverhead (900 Ma) and Holleford (550 Ma) craters since 550 Ma is traced to the connection between the Eastern Basin and North America Craton commencing 1,100 Ma, and through the South Basin and Range. Likewise, the drastic reduction in the velocity of Spider Crater (700 Ma) in Australia after 600 Ma can be attributed to the subduction between east and west Gondwana. The accelerated motion of the Indian Plate at 63 Ma, when the lithosphere was hovering over the Réunion hotspot, is also explained. With the advent of more improved plate tectonic models and the discovery of more impact craters, improvised interpretations will be possible.
Isatuximab plus carfilzomib and dexamethasone versus carfilzomib and dexamethasone in elderly patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: IKEMA subgroup analysis
Authors: Facon Thierry , Moreau Philippe , Martin Thomas G. , Spicka Ivan , Oriol Albert , Koh Youngil , Lim Andrew , Mikala Gabor , Rosiñol Laura , Yağci Münci , Cavo Michele , Yong Kwee , Risse Marie‐Laure , Asset Gaëlle , Schwab Sandrine , Martinez Gracia
Published: June 2022

In this subgroup analysis of the randomized, Phase 3 IKEMA study (NCT03275285), we evaluated efficacy and safety of the anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody isatuximab (Isa) in combination with carfilzomib‐dexamethasone (Isa‐Kd) versus Kd in older (≥70 years of age, n = 86) and younger (<70 years, n = 216) patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). Patients received Isa 10 mg/kg intravenously weekly for 4 weeks, then every 2 weeks in the Isa‐Kd arm, and approved schedule of carfilzomib (twice weekly) and dexamethasone in both study arms. Primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS); key secondary efficacy endpoints included rates of overall response (ORR), very good partial response or better (≥VGPR), minimal residual disease negativity (MRD–), and complete response (CR). Addition of Isa to Kd resulted in improved PFS in elderly patients (hazard ratio, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.18–0.75]) consistent with the significant PFS improvement observed in the overall IKEMA population. Treatment with Isa‐Kd improved depth of response versus Kd, with higher rates of ≥VGPR (73.1% vs. 55.9%), MRD– (23.1% vs. 11.8%), and CR (38.5% vs. 23.5%). Although the incidence of grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was higher in Isa‐Kd, the incidence of serious TEAEs was similar between arms. Fewer elderly patients definitively discontinued treatment due to TEAEs in Isa‐Kd than Kd: 11.8% versus 23.5%. In conclusion, Isa‐Kd provides a consistent benefit versus Kd in elderly patients, with a manageable safety profile, and represents a new treatment option for patients with relapsed MM, independent of age.
A case of retroperitoneal venous malformation resected by laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Fujinami Hiroyuki , Kai Tomoki , Ando Tadasuke , Shin Toshitaka , Mimata Hiromitsu
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Among vascular malformations, venous malformations are the most common type. Among these, retroperitoneal venous malformations are extremely rare.

Case presentation

A 60‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with a retroperitoneal tumor 4.5 cm in diameter by abdominal computed tomographic scan. We had difficulty judging whether the tumor was benign or malignant. We performed laparoscopic surgery in order to remove the tumor and make a precise diagnosis. The pathological diagnosis was a venous malformation.

Conclusion

Venous malformation located in the retroperitoneum is very rare, and there were few cases that could be removed by laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery may be beneficial both for treatment and diagnosis of patients with a small retroperitoneal venous malformation.
Drowsy driving and teen motor vehicle crashes: Impact of changing school start times
Authors: Meltzer Lisa J. , Plog Amy E. , Swenka David , Reeves David , Wahlstrom Kyla L.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Motor vehicle crashes (MVC) are the second leading cause of death for adolescents in the United States, with drowsy driving a major contributing factor. Early school start times have been identified as a significant factor that reduces adolescent sleep duration, which in turn contributes to drowsy driving and MVC. This paper examined the longitudinal impact of delaying secondary school start times on self‐reported student drowsy driving and teen MVC.

Methods

Secondary school students (10th and 11th grade, 51.7% female, 67.8% White) in the United States completed annual surveys 1 year before and 2 years after implementation of later school start times (70‐min delay, n range 1642–2452 per year), reporting frequency of drowsy driving (less than once/week vs. at least once/week). Teen (16–18 years) MVC data from the Colorado Department of Transportation for the 2 years before and 2 years after later start time implementation were compared for Arapahoe County (where start times changed) and neighboring Adams County and Douglas County (where start times did not change).

Results

With later start times, there was a significant drop in the percent of students who reported frequent drowsy driving (pre‐change: 32.6%, post‐change: 21.9%, follow‐up: 22.8%). Weekday teen MVC rates went down in Arapahoe County (p = .04) during the school year, while no change or increases in MVC rates were seen in neighboring counties.

Conclusions

Healthy school start times are important for adolescent health and safety, with study findings highlighting the downstream effects of increased sleep duration following a 70‐min delay in secondary school start times on adolescent drowsy driving and teen MVC rates.
Stressful life events and problematic internet use in adolescence: Mediation of psychological capital and moderation of school level
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Li Dongping
Published: June 2022

Introduction

While abundant cross‐sectional studies have examined the relationship between stress and problematic internet use (PIU), little is known about the underlying mechanism through which stress influences the development of PIU. To elucidate the mechanism in facilitation of prevention and treatment of PIU, this study tested a moderated mediation model using a longitudinal design in which the impact of stressful life events on PIU was mediated by psychological capital (PsyCap); the dependence of this mediation link on participants' developmental stage was further evaluated.

Methods

A total of 1365 middle school and high school adolescents (Mage = 14.68, SD = 1.56; 47% female) from central China were surveyed over 3 years.

Results

PsyCap was found to completely mediate the contribution of stressful life events to PIU. In addition, the relationship between stressful life events and PsyCap was moderated by participants' school level, in which the negative impact of stress on PsyCap was stronger in middle schoolers than in high schoolers.

Conclusions

These findings support further examination of PsyCap in adolescents' PIU development, with a special focus on developmental changes from middle school to high school.
Skeletal Stem/Progenitor Cells in Periosteum and Skeletal Muscle Share a Common Molecular Response to Bone Injury
Authors: Julien Anais , Perrin Simon , Martínez-Sarrà Ester , Kanagalingam Anuya , Carvalho Caroline , Luka Marine , Ménager Mickaël , Colnot Céline
Published: June 2022

Bone regeneration involves skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) recruited from bone marrow, periosteum, and adjacent skeletal muscle. To achieve bone reconstitution after injury, a coordinated cellular and molecular response is required from these cell populations. Here, we show that SSPCs from periosteum and skeletal muscle are enriched in osteochondral progenitors, and more efficiently contribute to endochondral ossification during fracture repair as compared to bone-marrow stromal cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analyses of periosteal cells reveal the cellular heterogeneity of periosteum at steady state and in response to bone fracture. Upon fracture, both periosteal and skeletal muscle SSPCs transition from a stem/progenitor to a fibrogenic state prior to chondrogenesis. This common activation pattern in periosteum and skeletal muscle SSPCs is mediated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Functionally, Bmpr1a gene inactivation in platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra)-derived SSPCs impairs bone healing and decreases SSPC proliferation, migration, and osteochondral differentiation. These results uncover a coordinated molecular program driving SSPC activation in periosteum and skeletal muscle toward endochondral ossification during bone regeneration. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
造影CTで診断し得た不全子宮破裂の1例(Partial uterine rupture diagnosed by contrast–enhanced CT: a case report)
Authors: (Hiroki Yamaga) 山荷 大貴 , (Kazuyuki Miyamoto) 宮本 和幸 , (Kaede Hiruma) 昼間 楓 , (Keisuke Suzuki) 鈴木 恵輔 , (Yoko Tarumi) 垂水 庸子 , (Masaharu Yagi) 八木 正晴 , (Kenji Dohi) 土肥 謙二
Published: June 2022

子宮破裂は産科危機的出血の約11%を占め，大量輸血や子宮摘出を余儀なくされる。しかし，腹痛や性器出血以外に特異的な症状はなく，帝王切開中に診断されることも稀ではない。症例は30歳台の女性。2年前に右卵管間質部異所性妊娠・腹腔鏡下子宮筋腫核出術を受けた。妊娠30週に強い右下腹部痛が持続し搬送された。来院時はショックで，腹部は軟らかく，右下腹部に圧痛があった。性器出血，下痢はなかった。腹部超音波検査や胎児心拍陣痛図で異常はなかったが，強い腹痛が持続したため，腹部～骨盤造影CTを行った。子宮右側周囲を中心に高吸収域と造影剤の血管外漏出があった。緊急帝王切開を行い，右間質部妊娠時の手術部位に不全子宮破裂があった。妊娠中期以降の急性腹症は妊娠，それ以外の急性腹症があり，増大した子宮により周辺臓器が変位するため診断が難しく，ときに重篤化する。胎児被爆の影響は照射時期や線量により異なり，通常100mGy以下では問題ないとされる。本症例では，妊娠30週と胎児期に入っており，被爆による流産・奇形・精神発達遅滞のリスクは低いと考えた。一方，子宮破裂は胎児・母体とも急速に危険な状態に陥る可能性がある。本症例のように超音波検査で診断がつかない急性腹症では腹部～骨盤造影CTを行うことで妊娠関連，それ以外の重篤な急性腹症の鑑別が可能となり，迅速な診断と治療につながると考える。
術前の弾道評価が重要であった胸腹部移行帯の銃創の1例(A case of gunshot wound of the thoracoabdominal transition zone that required ballistic evaluation)
Authors: (Hajime Suzuki) 鈴木 源 , (Katsunobu Teshigahara) 勅使河原 勝伸 , (Suguru Hitomi) 人見 秀 , (Saki Sakamoto) 坂本 早紀 , (Hiroyuki Kawaura) 川浦 洋征 , (Masashi Gokita) 五木田 昌士 , (Kazuya Kiyota) 清田 和也
Published: June 2022

56歳の男性。自ら38口径の拳銃で左胸を1発撃ち受傷した。左前胸部に射入口と左背部に射出口があり，focused assessment with sonography for traumaで心嚢液，左胸水を認めたことより銃弾は左前胸部から心臓，肺を損傷し背部から体外へ射出されたと考えられた。しかし，hybrid ERにてCTを撮像したところ心損傷，肺損傷に加えて，腹部管腔臓器損傷を疑う微小なfree airの散在と左第11肋骨に骨折を認めた。銃弾は心嚢から横隔膜を経て腹腔内に至り，左第11肋骨で反射して，左胸腔内に至り体外へ射出されたと診断できた。開胸，開腹により心縫合，左下葉部分切除での止血と胃穿孔部縫合閉鎖，横隔膜縫合修復を行い，術後19日に退院した。銃創，とくに胸腹部移行帯において弾道評価による損傷臓器の推定は重要である。弾道評価においては射入口と射出口に加えて骨折部に注目することで，弾道をより正確に推測し，損傷臓器を推測することが可能であった。
Impact of the PNPLA3 genotype on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis C virus eradication
Authors: Ohta Azusa , Ogawa Eiichi , Murata Masayuki , Matsumoto Yuji , Yamasaki Sho , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Furusyo Norihiro
Published: June 2022

Almost all chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients can achieve sustained virological response (SVR) with direct‐acting antivirals. However, the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even after the achievement of SVR, continues to be a serious problem. The aim of this study was to assess the association between host genetic factors and de novo HCC after SVR. This single‐center, retrospective study consisted of 442 consecutive CHC patients without a history of HCC who achieved SVR through interferon (IFN)‐based and IFN‐free therapy. Predictive factors associated with the development of HCC were determined by the Cox proportional hazards model. The single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data of 223 patients were available for analysis. Of the seven SNPs analyzed in this study, only the patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 GG genotype was significantly, positively associated with the development of de novo HCC after adjusting for age, sex, and fibrosis status (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 5.66, p = 0.003). In multivariable analysis, age (aHR 1.05, p = 0.007), advanced fibrosis (aHR 2.69, p = 0.019), α‐fetoprotein at post‐12 weeks of treatment ≥7.0 ng/ml (aHR 3.85, p = 0.001), and PNPLA3 GG genotype (aHR 3.02, p = 0.004) were extracted as independent predictors of the development of de novo HCC. In conclusion, the PNPLA3 genotype was independently associated with the de novo HCC of CHC patients who achieved SVR. Such detailed knowledge of host genetic factors will be useful for HCC surveillance after HCV elimination.
I am awake: A case for Buddhist psychology as a theoretical orientation for spiritual but not religious clients
Authors: Brandt Adam H.
Published: June 2022

The spiritual but not religious (SBNR) identification is a burgeoning demographic with unique spiritual concerns often unmet by Eurocentric mainstream counseling theoretical orientations. This article presents an overview of Buddhist psychology, its intersection with SBNR values, and how Buddhist psychology may be a relevant theoretical orientation for SBNR clients.
Automatic recognition of flow cytometric phytoplankton functional groups using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Fuchs Robin , Thyssen Melilotus , Creach Véronique , Dugenne Mathilde , Izard Lloyd , Latimier Marie , Louchart Arnaud , Marrec Pierre , Rijkeboer Machteld , Grégori Gérald , Pommeret Denys
Published: June 2022

The variability of phytoplankton distribution has been unraveled by high‐frequency measurements. Such a resolution can be approached by automated pulse‐shape recording flow cytometry (AFCM) operating at hourly sampling resolution. AFCM records morphological and physiological traits as single‐cell optical pulse shapes that can be used to classify cells into phytoplankton functional groups (PFGs). However, the associated manual post‐processing of the data coupled with the increasing size and number of datasets is time‐consuming and error‐prone. Machine learning models are increasingly used to run automatic classification. Yet, most of the existing methods either present a long training process, need to manually design features from the raw optical pulse shapes, or are dedicated to images only. In this study, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify several PFGs using AFCM pulse shapes. The uncertainties of manual classification were first estimated by comparing experts' recognition of six PFGs. Consensual particles from the manual PFG classification were used to train and validate the CNN. The CNN obtained competitive performances compared to other models used in the literature and remained robust across several sampling areas, and instrumental hardware and settings. Finally, we assessed the ability of this classifier to predict phytoplankton counts at a Mediterranean coastal station and from a cruise in the South‐West Indian Ocean, providing a comparison with the manual classification over 3‐month periods and a 2h frequency. These promising results strengthen the near real‐time observation of PFGs, especially required with the increasing use of AFCM in monitoring research programs.
Real‐time tissue perfusion assessment using fluorescence imaging topography scanning system: A preclinical investigation
Authors: Quang Tri T. , Wei Chen F. , Walsh Susan A. , Papay Francis A. , Liu Yang
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives

We previously developed a real‐time fluorescence imaging topography scanning (RFITS) system for intraoperative multimodal imaging, image‐guided surgery, and dynamic surgical navigation. The RFITS can capture intraoperative fluorescence, color reflectance, and surface topography concurrently and offers accurate registration of multimodal images. The RFITS prototype is a promising system for multimodal image guidance and intuitive 3D visualization. In the current study, we investigated the capability of the RFITS system in intraoperative fluorescence vascular angiography for real‐time assessment of tissue perfusion.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

We conducted ex vivo imaging of fluorescence perfusion in a soft casting life‐sized human brain phantom. Indocyanine green (ICG) solutions diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and human serum were injected into the brain phantom through the vessel simulating tube (2 ± 0.2 mm inner diameter) by an adjustable flow peristaltic pump. To demonstrate the translational potential of the system, an ICG/DMSO solution was perfused into blood vessels of freshly harvested porcine ears (n = 9, inner diameter from 0.56 to 1.27 mm). We subsequently performed in vivo imaging of fluorescence‐perfused vascular structures in rodent models (n = 10). 5 mg/ml ICG solutions prepared in sterile water were injected via the lateral tail vein. All targets were imaged by the RFITS prototype at a working distance of 350−400 mm.

Results

3D visualization of 10 µg/ml ICG‐labeled continuous moving serum in the brain phantom was obtained at an average signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) of 1.74 ± 0.03. The system was able to detect intravenously diffused fluorescence in porcine tissues with an average SBR of 2.23 ± 0.22. The RFITS prototype provided real‐time monitoring of tissue perfusion in rats after intravenous (IV) administration of ICG. The maximum fluorescence intensity (average SBR = 1.94 ± 0.16, p < 0.001) was observed at Tpeak of ~30 seconds after the ICG signal was first detected (average SBR = 1.19 ± 0.13, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

We have conducted preclinical studies to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the RFITS system in real‐time fluorescence angiography and tissue perfusion assessment. Our system provides fluorescence/color composite images for intuitive visualization of tissue perfusion with 3D perception. The findings pave the way for future clinical translation.
ABC‐Type, Bola‐Form Giant Surfactants: Synthesis and Self‐Assembly
Authors: Yan Xiaojin , Hou Bo , Shao Yu , Xu Yu‐Chun , Li Wei‐Yi , Guo Qing‐Yun , He Jinlin , Ni Peihong , Zhang Wen‐Bin
Published: June 2022

Due to the fast phase separation kinetics and small feature size, the self‐assembly of giant molecules has attracted lots of attention. However, there is not much study on multicomponent giant surfactants. In this work, through a modular synthetic strategy, different polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)‐based molecular nanoparticles are installed with diverse functionalities (hydrophobic octavinyl POSS (VPOSS), hydrophilic dihydroxyl‐functionalized POSS (DPOSS), and omniphobic perfluoroalkyl‐chain‐functionalized POSS (FPOSS)) on the ends of one polystyrene (PS) chain to build up a series of triblock bola‐form giant surfactants denoted as XPOSS–PSn–FPOSS (X represents V or D). The target molecules are prepared by a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), esterification, as well as Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and thiol–ene “click” reactions. These macromolecules are thoroughly characterized by combined technologies including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) analyses. It is revealed by small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that VPOSS–PSn–FPOSS adopts a two‐phase separation scenario where VPOSS and POSS are segregated in one phase. DPOSS–PSn–FPOSS with a third hydrophilic DPOSS shows a three‐phase separation scenario, where highly ordered phase structures are difficult to develop owing to the competition of mutual phase separation processes and may be trapped in kinetically metastable states.
Morphologically Tunable Supramolecular Rectangular Microsheet and Microsaw Constructed by Hierarchical Self‐Assembly Based on Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Li Heng , Han Liang , Li Qing , Wang Hengtao , Fernández‐Trillo Paco , Tian Leilei , He Feng
Published: June 2022

An amino acid derivative, thiophene (TDAV), as new building blocks for 2D supramolecular assembly is designed. Various square and rectangular microsheets are achieved and the aspect ratios are precisely regulated by controlling the polarity of cosolvent or water content. By the introduction of chirality, the novel microsaw is also achieved. It provides a new approach to prepare various kinds of unique supramolecular 2D materials with controllable shapes and sizes for future biological applications.
Coexistence of proprietary and open‐source firms under product differentiation
Authors: Yılmaz Murat
Published: June 2022

Open‐source technologies have been proven to be a crucial alternative to the proprietary production. We consider duopolistic quantity competition, under product differentiation, with a choice of being open source or proprietary, and characterize the equilibrium for all possible degrees of product differentiation. For small enough differentiation between two different types of firms, an open source and a proprietary firm coexist. For large enough differentiation between two different types of firms, the firm types in the equilibrium depend on the differentiation between same type firms. We also show that the equilibrium outcome is not socially efficient for some parameter values.
Variational λ‐symmetries and exact solutions to Euler‐Lagrange equations lacking standard symmetries
Authors: Ruiz Serván Adrián , Muriel Patino María Concepción
Published: June 2022

Variational
‐symmetries are used to find exact solutions to second‐ and fourth‐order Euler‐Lagrange equations associated to variational problems for which standard procedures fail. A one‐parameter family of exact solutions in terms of Bessel functions is obtained for a first‐order variational problem whose Euler‐Lagrange equation does not admit Lie symmetries. A family of second‐order equations, involving arbitrary functions and parameters, is first written in variational form. The variational
‐symmetry method successes in finding one‐parameter families of exact solutions, despite the lack of Lie point and variational symmetries. A three‐parameter family of exact solutions for a fourth‐order equation with absence of Lie point symmetries is also deduced.
Reproducing kernel representation of the solution of second order linear three‐point boundary value problem
Authors: Bai Hongfang , Leong Ieng Tak , Dang Pei
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the analytical solutions and numerical solutions of second order linear boundary value problems with three‐point boundary conditions by means of the weak pre‐orthogonal adaptive Fourier decomposition (W‐POAFD) method introduced by Qian et al. Using the reproducing kernel functions of the Sobolev spaces on the unit interval
, we construct a dictionary to implement the W‐POAFD. Based on orthonormalizataion, we can select the crucial parameters successively by adopting the weak maximal selection strategy of the W‐POAFD method. Then the numerical solutions have “sparse”  representations, which converge to the analytic solution with fast convergence rate. Some numerical experiments demonstrate the high accuracy and efficiency of the W‐POAFD method in this three‐point boundary value problem.
Preweaning performance in intrauterine growth‐restricted piglets: Characteristics and interventions
Authors: Van Ginneken Chris , Ayuso Miriam , Van Bockstal Lieselotte , Van Cruchten Steven
Published: June 2022

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is frequently observed in pig production, especially when using highly prolific sows. IUGR piglets are born with low body weight and shape indicative of differences in organ growth. Insufficient uteroplacental nutrient transfer to the fetuses is the leading cause of growth restriction in the pig. Supplementing the sow's gestation diet with arginine and/or glutamine improves placenta growth and functionality and consequently is able to reduce IUGR incidence. IUGR piglets are at higher risk of dying preweaning and face higher morbidity than their normal‐weight littermates. A high level of surveillance during farrowing and individual nutrient supplementation can reduce the mortality rates. Still, these do not reverse the long‐term consequences of IUGR, which are induced by persistent structural deficits in different organs. Dietary interventions peri‐weaning can optimize performance but these are less effective in combating the metabolic changes that occurred in IUGR, which affect reproductive performance later in life. IUGR piglets share many similarities with IUGR infants, such as a poorer outcome of males. Using the IUGR piglet as an animal model to further explore the structural and molecular basis of the long‐term consequences of IUGR and the potential sex bias could aid in fully understanding the impact of prenatal undernutrition and finding solutions for both species and sexes.
Safety and efficacy of Yupingfeng granules in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Xu Baoping , Li Xinmin , Hu Siyuan , Bao Yixiao , Chen Fengmei , Chen Zhimin , Du Yonggang , Liu Enmei , Liu Yufeng , Mou Qinghui , Su Baoling , Wang Bo , Xu Jianwen , Xu Guiping , Yang Qiaozhi , Gao Liwei , Liu Xiaohui , Li Lei , Ma Rong , Shen Kunling
Published: June 2022

Importance

Recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) is common in children. Inappropriate RRTI treatment will lead to asthma and other diseases, thereby seriously affecting the growth and physical health of children. Immune function modulation can prevent and alleviate childhood RRTI. Yupingfeng (YPF), a patented traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has immunomodulatory effects and is widely used in China to treat children with RRTI.

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of YPF monotherapy in treating children with RRTI.

Methods

This multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, double‐simulation, noninferiority clinical trial was conducted from January 2015 to August 2017, with an 8‐week treatment period and 52‐week follow‐up after the drug withdrawal. Children aged 2–6 years with RRTI meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in 13 hospitals in China and divided randomly into three groups (2:2:1 ratio) to receive YPF, pidotimod, or placebo. The primary outcome was the proportion of RRTI returning to normal standard level during the follow‐up. The secondary outcomes were reduction in the number of RRTI recurrences, effect on clinical symptoms (in accord with TCM practice), effect per symptom, and safety. The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (www.chictr.org.cn) under the unique identifier ChiCTR‐IPR‐15006847.

Results

Three hundred and fifty‐one children were enrolled and randomly assigned to 3 groups; 124, 125, and 61 children in the YPF, pidotimod, and placebo groups, respectively, had completed the trial. During the follow‐up, the proportion of RRTI returning to normal standard level was 73.13%, 67.15%, and 38.81% with YPF, pidotimod, and placebo, respectively (P < 0.0001). The proportion of cases who returned to normal standard level in the YPF group was 34.32% higher than that in the placebo group. The safety profile did not significantly differ among the groups.

Interpretation

YPF granules were noninferior to the active control drug pidotimod oral solution for the treatment of RRTI in children, and were superior to placebo, with a high safety profile.
Recent developments in data acquisition, treatment and analysis with ion mobility‐mass spectrometry for lipidomics
Authors: Moran‐Garrido María , Camunas‐Alberca Sandra. M. , Gil‐de‐la Fuente Alberto , Mariscal Antonio , Gradillas Ana , Barbas Coral , Sáiz Jorge
Published: June 2022

Lipids are involved in many biological processes and their study is constantly increasing. To identify a lipid among thousand requires of reliable methods and techniques. Ion Mobility (IM) can be coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MS) to increase analytical selectivity in lipid analysis of lipids. IM‐MS has experienced an enormous development in several aspects, including instrumentation, sensitivity, amount of information collected and lipid identification capabilities. This review summarizes the latest developments in IM‐MS analyses for lipidomics and focuses on the current acquisition modes in IM‐MS, the approaches for the pre‐treatment of the acquired data and the subsequent data analysis. Methods and tools for the calculation of Collision Cross Section (CCS) values of analytes are also reviewed. CCS values are commonly studied to support the identification of lipids, providing a quasi‐orthogonal property that increases the confidence level in the annotation of compounds and can be matched in CCS databases. The information contained in this review might be of help to new users of IM‐MS to decide the adequate instrumentation and software to perform IM‐MS experiments for lipid analyses, but also for other experienced researchers that can reconsider their routines and protocols.
Prediction of weaning readiness off nasal CPAP in preterm infants using point‐of‐care lung ultrasound
Authors: Abdelmawla Mohamed , Seleem Wail , Farooqui Mansoor , Eltayeb Abdulla , Elsayed Yasser
Published: June 2022

This study's primary aim was to assess whether end‐expiratory lung ultrasound severity score (expLUSsc) at Day 3 of life, the second week of life, and before weaning off nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) can predict the weaning readiness off nCPAP trial in preterm infants. The secondary aim was to evaluate the value of adding lung tidal recruitment (LTR) to expLUSsc (expLUSsc‐plus‐LTR) to improve predictability. We conducted a prospective study on premature infants <33 weeks of gestation. Point‐of‐care lung ultrasound (POC‐LUS) was performed on Day 3, the second week of life, before and after the trial off nCPAP. expLUSsc, pleural thickness, and LTR were assessed. A receiver operator curve was constructed to evaluate the ability of POC‐LUS to predict the weaning readiness off nCPAP. A total of 148 studies were performed on 39 infants, of them 12 weaned off nCPAP from the first trial and 27 infants failed attempts off nCPAP. An expLUSsc cut‐off 8 before the first trial of weaning off nCPAP has a sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 90%, and positive and negative predictive values of 87% and 92%, respectively, with area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87 (CI: 0.8–0.93), p < .0001. If LTR is added to an expLUSsc cut‐off 8 (expLUSsc‐plus‐LTR) before the first trial of weaning, then sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 90%, and positive and negative predictive values of 88% and 90%, respectively, with AUC was 0.95 (CI: 0.91–0.99), p < .0001. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the ability of POC‐LUS to predict the weaning readiness off nCPAP in premature infants. The use of this simple bedside noninvasive test can potentially avoid the exposure of premature infants to multiple unsuccessful weaning cycles.
The impact of genetic aberrations on response to radium‐223 treatment for castration‐resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases
Authors: Liu Alex J. , Kosiorek Heidi E. , Ueberroth Benjamin E. , Jaeger Ellen , Ledet Elisa , Kendi Ayse T. , Tzou Katherine , Quevedo Fernando , Choo Richard , Moore Cassandra N. , Ho Thai H. , Singh Parminder , Keole Sameer R. , Wong William W. , Sartor Oliver , Bryce Alan H.
Published: June 2022

Background

Radium (Ra)‐223 is an established treatment option for patients with metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have symptomatic bone metastases without soft tissue disease. Studies have indicated genetic aberrations that regulate DNA damage response (DDR) in prostate cancer can increase susceptibility to treatments such as poly ADP‐ribose polymerase inhibitors and platinum‐based therapies. This study aims to evaluate mCRPC response to Ra‐223 stratified by tumor genomics.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of mCRPC patients who received Ra‐223 and genetic testing within the Mayo Clinic database (Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota) and Tulane Cancer Center. Patient demographics, genetic aberrations, treatment responses in terms of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), and survival were assessed. Primary end points were ALP and PSA response. Secondary end points were progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from time of first radium treatment.

Results

One hundred and twenty‐seven mCRPC patients treated with Ra‐223 had germline and/or somatic genetic sequencing. The median age at time of diagnosis and Ra‐223 treatment was 61.0 and 68.6 years, respectively. Seventy‐nine (62.2%) had Gleason score ≥ 8 at time of diagnosis. 50.4% received prior docetaxel, and 12.6% received prior cabazitaxel. Notable alterations include TP53 (51.7%), BRCA 1/2 (15.0%), PTEN (13.4%), ATM (11.7%), TMPRSS2‐ERG (8.2%), RB deletion (3.4%), and CDK12 (1.9%). There was no significant difference in ALP or PSA response among the different genetic aberrations. Patients with a TMPRSS2‐ERG mutation exhibited a trend toward lower OS 15.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.0−NR) versus 26.8 months (95% CI 20.9−35.1). Patients with an RB deletion had a lower PFS 6.0 months (95% CI 1.28−NR) versus 9.0 months (95% CI 7.3−11.1) and a lower OS 13.9 months (95% CI 5.2−NR) versus 26.5 months (95% CI 19.8−33.8).

Conclusions

Among mCRPC patients treated with Ra‐223 at Mayo Clinic and Tulane Cancer Center, we did not find any clear negative predictors of biochemical response or survival to treatment. TMPRSS2‐ERG and RB mutations were associated with a worse OS. Prospective studies and larger sample sizes are needed to determine the impact of genetic aberrations in response to Ra‐223.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Flexible Fe‐Doped Polyaniline/Dye‐Functionalized Carbon Felt Electrode for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Yazar Sibel , Arvas Melih Besir , Sahin Yucel
Published: June 2022

In this study, Fe‐doped polyaniline/dye‐functional composite modified carbon felt electrode was synthesized using hydrothermal method and a supercapacitor exhibiting 1.5 V was obtained with 3.0 M KCl aqueous electrolyte. In order to improve supercapacitor performance easily and effectively, the effect of Lanaset Green B (LGB) acidic dye concentration on supercapacitor performance in polyaniline polymerization was investigated. Electrochemical, morphological and structural characterizations of the synthesized electrodes (CFt/Fe‐PANI/LGB) were carried out. The results showed that the capacitance increases due to the strong interaction of functional groups between PANI and dye molecules and improves the properties of pseudocapacitive supercapacitors by providing potential redox materials. The CFt/Fe‐PANI/LGB(3 mM) electrode displayed a high specific capacitance of 1543 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 in half‐cell electrode system. In full‐cell, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor has a maximum energy density of 32.7 Wh kg−1 and power density of 1250 W kg−1. The supercapacitor electrode and symmetric supercapacitor display retention of capacitance performances 82.3 % and 78.8 % after 2400 and 5000 cycles in 3.0 KCl electrolyte, respectively. CFt/Fe‐PANI/LGB(3 mM), flexible, wearable carbon felt electrode material and improved redox behavior of the polymer material play an important role for textile electronics applications.
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Biological Studies of 4H‐Benzo[d][1,3]oxazin‐4‐one Derivatives and Their Uses in Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Mohareb Rafat Milad , Mohamed Abeer Abdelazeem , Ibrahim Rehab A.
Published: June 2022

2‐(4‐Oxo‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazin‐2‐yl)acetonitrile (4) was synthesized through the reaction of anthranilic acid with ethyl cyanoacetate. The reactivity of the latter product toward chemical reagents was studied to produce coumarin, ylidene, thiophene, thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine, thiazole and pyrazole derivatives. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against three cancer cell lines namely HEPG2, HONE1 and MCF and normal cell line W138. The most active compounds 4, 6, 8 b, 12, 14, 16, 18 a, 18 b, 19, 21, 23 a, 23 b, 27 a, 27 b, 29 b, 31, 33 b, 36, 38 c and 39 b were further evaluated toward c‐Met kinase inhibitions. Overall results of inhibition toward the cancer cell lines showed that most of the tested compounds have high potent effect. The obtained results of c‐Met kinase inhibitions showed that all tested compounds gave high inhibitions. The results obtained through this work encourage us for future work using benzo[d]oxazine derivatives to produce target molecules as anticancer agents. Molecular docking of compounds 4, 6 and 16 were performed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biotene: A New 2D Natural Oxide From Biotite
Authors: Mahapatra Preeti Lata , Tromer Raphael , Pandey Prafull , Costin Gelu , Lahiri Basudev , Chattopadhyay Kamanio , P. M. Ajayan , Roy Ajit K. , Galvao Douglas S. , Kumbhakar Partha , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar
Published: June 2022

In this work, the synthesis and characterization of ultrathin metal oxide, called biotene, using liquid‐phase exfoliation from naturally abundant biotite are demonstrated. The atomically thin biotene is used for energy harvesting using its flexoelectric response under multiple bending. The effective flexoelectric response increases due to the presence of surface charges, and the voltage increases up to ≈8 V, with a high mechano‐sensitivity of 0.79 V N−1 for normal force. This flexoelectric response is further validated by density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The atomically thin biotene shows an increased response in the magnetic field and thermal heating. The synthesis of two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐oxide biotene suggests a wealth of future 2D‐oxide material for energy generation and energy harvesting applications.
Characterizing and synthesizing the workflow structure of microservices in ByteDance Cloud
Authors: Wen Yingying , Cheng Guanjie , Deng Shuiguang , Yin Jianwei
Published: June 2022

Modern Cloud applications have evolved from monolithic systems to numerous distributed microservices whose workflows interact via Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs). The benchmarks focusing on individual microservice components are insufficient because the reference relationships between components, which form the microservice workflow structure, are another critical aspect of microservice applications. Unfortunately, understanding the characteristics of microservice workflow in the production Cloud remains a missing piece in the literature, which prevents the representative of microservice benchmarks. In this paper, we fill this gap by characterizing and synthesizing the microservice workflows based on the trace data of the Toutiao application that is running on ByteDance Cloud. We examine the microservice workflows starting from DAG graphs, introduce observed properties that are easy to ignore but important, show the artificiality of the workflow by statistic description, and explore the high cost of network overhead. We further synthesize the workflow following the characteristics observed. The extensive evaluations show that the synthesized microservice workflows have consistent statistical characteristics as the production ones. A case study applying the synthesized workflows proves its usability.
Disruptive technology identification of intelligent logistics robots in AIoT industry: Based on attributes and functions analysis
Authors: Jia Weifeng , Wang Shuo , Xie Yongping , Chen Zifeng , Gong Kaixin
Published: June 2022

This research constructs a disruptive technology identification framework based on attributes and functions and selects intelligent logistics robot technology for empirical analysis in the artificial intelligence & Internet of Things (AIoT) industry. We take the three attributes of technological novelty, breakthrough, and influence as measurement indicators to identify disruptive technologies and perform functional analysis of the technology to find potential markets for disruptive technologies. The research demonstrates that two‐dimensional code technology, sensing technology, intelligent control technology, artificial intelligence technology, and wireless communication technology are disruptive technologies in intelligent logistics robots. The future development directions of intelligent logistics robots include efficient, intelligent control operations, good human‐computer interaction, accurate safety obstacle avoidance, and accurate and efficient position detection. This research has put forward the future development direction of disruptive technology in AIoT and provided a reference for the R&D and manufacture of intelligent logistics robots.