bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Trade and Environmental Protection: Revisiting Hardin’s “Tragedy of the Commons”
Authors:   Barrister and Solicitor, Supreme Court of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria. Email: peterkomiti@gmail.com, peterkomiti@nigerinabar.ng, Komiti Peter Nyeronvwo
Published: January 2024

Twenty-eight years after the emergence of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) regime, the trade-environmental protection relationship seems to have achieved some harmonisation from an initial chequered one, though not without some forms of lopsided balancing of the variables. This work explores the relationship between international trade and the environment, revealing whether the competing values are balanced. The methodology adopted is doctrinal, with a comparative and analytical approach involving desk and library research. The work is bifurcated into six parts, commencing with an introduction in the first: the second flesh out international environmental agreements relevant to the trade-environment interaction. The third part examines principles of international environmental law. The paper reflects unilateral trade measures in the fourth part. The fifth part takes stock of WTO jurisprudence. While considerable efforts have been made to mainstream environmental protection into trade objectives through the WTO jurisprudence, there remain some forms of market failures, making the trade-environment relationship lopsided, with inadequate attention given to the environment, which brings to fore the need to revisit David Hunter’s metaphoric invisible elbow destroying the common goods created by an invisible hand.
KAJIAN PENERJEMAHAN REQUEST EXPRESSION PADA FILM THE LAST SONG DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Sumardiono Sumardiono
Published: January 2024

This research aims at describing how request expression found in film entitled The Last Song translated from English to Bahasa Indonesia. There are 27 data gained in this research. In the research first the researcher identified the request expression in the conversation from the film. The request expression then classified based on the types of request expression. In this research some conclusions are drawn from the analysis. There are two types of request expressions; direct request expression with the subtypes namely mood derivable, obligation statement and performative and indirect request expression with the subtypes namely suggestory formulae, query-preparatory and mild hint. It is also concluded that most of the translations of request expressions are accurate only small part of the translations are not accurate.
AGE ESTIMATION FROM MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR TOOH MINERALIZATION STAGES
Authors: Tehmina Marwat  , Sana Naeem  , Arif Ullah Khan  , Muhammad Sheraz Alam  , Aasim Masood  , Haseeb Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the age from mandibular second molar  tooth mineralization stages and make a regression equation for our population.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Rehman college of dentistry on 150 samples from both genders, ages range 8-16 years, good quality panoramas (OPGs). OPG was used to determine the Demirjian’s stages of right mandibular second molar and age was asked from patients/parents. Correlation was determined between age and mineralization stages using Spearman rho test. Age estimation was done through linear regression by using age as dependent variable and tooth mineralization and gender as independent variables. The level of signifi cance was set at P≤0.05.
Results: The mean age of the study was 11.5±2.2 years. The males were 85(56.3%) and female  were 65(43.7%). The correlation between age and tooth mineralization was highly statistically significant (r=0.725, P<0.001). In only 48.5% cases the model signifi cantly (P<0.001)  estimated the age from Demirjian's stage. The regression equation between age as a dependent variable (Y) and independent variables tooth mineralization stages (X1) and gender (X2) was Y=7.73+1.198X1 -0.147X2 .
Conclusion: From our findings we can conclude that the correlation between age and tooth mineralization was highly statistically significant. The mandibular second molar can be used in  age estimation but its predictive value is low (48.5%).
Hospital Outcome of Hypertensive Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Groups
Authors: Matin Muhitul , Ali Isha Abdullah , Haq M Maksumul
Published: January 2024

Objective: Acute myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of all acute emergencies and is becoming an important public health problem in the developing countries. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is more heterogeneous in their presentation and may be poorly characterized in clinical practice, leading to greater variation in diagnosis and treatment. Patients with diabetes and hypertension who develop a NSTEMI are at increased risk for poor hospital outcome. This study is aimed to assess the differences between hypertensive diabetic and hypertensive non-diabetic patients with NSTEMI and to evaluate the prognostic impact of selected clinical and laboratory parameters on the occurrence of hospital complications.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. All the adult hypertensive patients of newly diagnosed NSTEMI with or without diabetes mellitus admitted in Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. The study population comprised of 100 hypertensive patients with their first NSTEMI, and were divided into two groups according to the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Group I (n = 40) patients were diabetic and Group II (n = 60) were non-diabetic. Hospital outcome of the study population was recorded. The incidence of in hospital adverse clinical events in the two groups was compared by using the odds ratio of the two binomial proportion analyses.
Results: Among 100 hypertensive NSTEMI patients, 40% were diabetic (Group I) and 60% were non-diabetic (Group II). Mean age was 58.1±10.2 years in case of diabetic group (Group I) and 56.3±10.5 years in non-diabetic group (Group II) ranging from 30-70 years. Male patients (66%) were predominant in the study. Most common clinical presentation was chest pain which was 77.5% in Group I and 83.3 % in Group II followed by sweating (12.5% and 16.7%), dyspnea (10.0% and 11.7%), syncope (5.0% and 6.7%) and atypical chest pain (2.5% and 3.3%) respectively. Smoking was the commonest risk factor which was 62.5% in Group I and 75% in Group II followed by dyslipidemia (32.5% and 36.7%), family history of IHD (30% and 23.3%) and obesity (22.5% and 13.3%) respectively. Diabetic hypertensive patients had significantly higher heart rate, hypertensive peaks and more episodes of asymptomatic ST segment depression. Most common in hospital complications were heart failure (30% and 16.7%), arrhythmias (22.5% and 6.7%),  renal failure (10% and 5.0%), cerebral ischemia (7.5% and 1.7%), death (7.5% and 3.3%) and cardiogenic shock (5.0% and 3.3%) in Group I and Group II respectively.
Conclusion: In hospitals, adverse clinical events were more frequent in diabetic hypertensive individuals compared to non-diabetics.
Bangladesh Heart Journal 2024; 39(1): 17-23
Efficacy and Safety of Fondaparinux Versus Enoxaparin in The Management of Unstable Angina and NSTEMI
Authors: Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Ali Md Ashraf , Ahmed Farid Uddin , Noor Hafsa , Kabir Shah Mohd Eftar Jahan , Uddin Mohammed Ghias
Published: January 2024

Background: Unstable angina (UA) and Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) impose significant health and economic burden on Bangladesh. Anticoagulants are recommended as standard therapy by various clinical practice guidelines. Recent studies have shown fondaparinux's superiority over enoxaparin in patients with UA & NSTEMI, especially in bleeding reduction. The description of this finding has not yet been documented in any study from Bangladesh. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux compared with enoxaparin in the management of UA & NSTEMI.
Methods: This prospective observational study included 177 patients (fondaparinux=87, enoxaparin=90) with UA and NSTEMI admitted to the Department of Cardiology of Abdul Malek Ukil Medical College Hospital, Noakhali, Bangladesh. The primary outcome was to determine whether fondaparinux was non-inferior to enoxaparin in preventing the composite of death, new myocardial infarction, and refractory ischemia, readmission in the hospital for heart failure within six months after anticoagulant therapy. The primary safety outcome was to evaluate the rates of major bleeds in the two groups.
Results: The minor (6.9% versus 20%, p=0.002) and major (0% versus 3.3%, p=0.002) bleeding events were less frequently observed with Fondaparinux than enoxaparin. Myocardial ischemia (3.4% vs. 14.4%, p=0.011) and recurrent ischemia (11.5% vs. 24.4%, p=0.025) were less frequent in Fondaparinux than in the enoxaparin group. Fondaparinux was associated with a reduced number of deaths in 3 months (6.2% vs. 12.5%) and 6 months (5.1% vs. 13.3%) without any statistical significance (p>0.05).  In the fondaparinux group, 20.7% of patients experienced a composite event within 6 months, compared with 40% of patients in the enoxaparin group (OR:0.659, 95% CI 0.500-0.867, p=0.005).
Conclusion: Similarly, to recently published data in international literature, fondaparinux proved superior to enoxaparin for the Bangladeshi population, with a significant reduction of combined events and bleeding in patients with UA & NSTEMI.
Bangladesh Heart Journal 2024; 39(1): 31-37
Bacterial Isolation from Wound Swab and Pus with their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Ferdush , Bhuya Md Shahed Kamal , Ali Zulfikar , Bhuya Muhammed Shahed Anwar , Nushrat Rumana , Aktar Sonia , Sultana Nasrin
Published: January 2024

Background: Wound infection is a global health problem, plays an important role in development of chronicity, delaying wound healing associated with long hospital stay.
Objective: This study was aimed to identify the bacterial pathogens present in infected wounds and characterize their resistance profile to the most common antibiotics used in the therapy.
Methods: This observational study was conducted from January, 2023 to June, 2023 in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 220 wound swabs and pus samples were collected from the outpatient and inpatient department of this hospital with skin and soft tissue infection. Samples were inoculated on appropriate media and cultured and the isolates were identified by standard procedure as needed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion method according to ‘The Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute Guidelines’.
Results: Out of 220 cases 165(75%) were Male and 55(25%) were female. Majority of the patients 77(35%) were in the age group of 21-31 years. Of the total 220 isolates, 156(70.91%) were culture positive cases. Among the isolated organisms, predominant bacteria was Pseudomonas spp 76(48.22%) followed by Klebsiella 27(17.31%), Escherichia coli 19(12.18%), Proteus 13(8.33%), Staphylococcus aureus 12(7.69%) and Acinetobacter 9(5.77%). Among the gram negative isolates, Pseudomonas was highly sensitive to colistin(88.15%), followed by piperacillin-Tazobactam(77.63%)and Imipenem(50%) and low sensitivity found in ceftriaxone(14.47%), Amoxiclav(13.16) and Clotrimoxazole (13.16%). Klebsiella found sensitive to colistin (90.47%), Piperacillin-Tazobactam (85.71%), Imipenem (76.19%), Gentamycin (71.43%). Escherichia coli shows low sensitivity to almost all the drug except Imipenem (94.74%), Piperacillin-Tazobactam (84.21%) and colistin(84.21%). Stapylococcus aureus show sensitivity to linezolid (100%), vancomycin (91.67%) and Ciprofloxacin (61.67%).
Conclusion: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of various isolates will guide for appropriate selection of the antibiotic against wound infection and reduce the spread of resistance bacteria.
Bangladesh Heart Journal 2024; 39(1): 38-43
Association of Left Atrial Volume Index with Adverse In-Hospital Outcome in Patients with St-Elevated Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Towab Abu Md , Chowdhury Abdul Wadud , Roy Haripada , Kader A K M Fazlul , Hasan Md Sharif , Thakur Anupam Kanti , Alam Mohammad Khurshadul , Fahad Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Background: Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with acute STEMI being the most severe manifestation. Left atrium (LA) plays a major role in left ventricular performance. LA function is a surrogate marker of LV diastolic dysfunction. In recent past, several studies conducted in different parts in the world have focused on the effect of ASTEMI on the volume and function of left atrium.  So, assessment of left atrial volume index (LAVI) by 2D echocardiography in patients who have suffered an acute STEMI helps to predict the adverse cardiovascular outcome.
Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the LAVI for prediction of adverse in-hospital outcomes following acute STEMI patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This Hospital based prospective observational study was conducted in the department of cardiology in DMCH over 1-year period. Patients with acute STEMI admitted in the CCU of DMCH were approached for inclusion in the study. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters were collected within 48 hours of admission. LA volume is measured and then indexed to body surface area called LA volume index (LAVI) and the population was divided according to LAVI. The study comprised of 150 acute STE-MI patients and were divided into two groups, including 75 patients in each group. Patients with LAVI>34 ml/m2and LAVI≤34 ml/m2 were assigned as Group I and Group II respectively & followed up for adverse in-hospital outcome. All necessary information were recorded in a pretested case record form. Statistical analyses were done by SPSS 17.0.
Result: The mean age was 57.7 ± 7.0 years ranging from 39 to 80 years. Most of the patients were male 109 (72.7%). Majority of the patients had anterior wall ( anterior, antero-septal & extensive anterior) myocardial infarction (85%).It was observed that patients with LAVI>34 ml/m2(Group I) had more adverse in-hospital outcomes than patients with LAVI≤34 ml/m2( Group II) (46.7% vs 14.7 % ;p< 0.001 ).By multivariate logistic regression analysis, LAVI>34 ml/m2 emerged as an independent significant predictor of adverse in-hospital outcome(Odds Ratio 6.55,95% confidence interval: 2.069 – 20.735, p = 0.001 )
Conclusion: In patients with acute STEMI, with LAVI>34 ml/m2 had more adverse in-hospital outcomes than patients with LAVI≤34 ml/m2. So early assessment of LAVI by echocardiography is useful to predict adverse in-hospital outcome.
Bangladesh Heart Journal 2024; 39(1): 10-16
In the deep sea of Hyponatremia: A case series
Authors: Mahbub Mayukh Rishad  , Reza Ishrat Binte , Akter Sumaiya , Tanveer Navid , Noor Nawsabah , Chowdhury Tasmina , Zahiruddin Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Hyponatremia is a matter of concern in clinical practice. Hyponatremia can be associated both low or high tonicity and even with normal tonicity. Although severity and morbidity varies widely but sometimes serious hazard can occur from misdiagnosis or late diagnosis. In these 3 case we will discuss different pattern of presentations of hyponatremia. Megestrol acetate is a synthetic progestin used to treat the symptoms of loss of appetite and wasting syndrome in people with AIDS-related cachexia, breast cancer or endometrial cancer. Herein, we report a case of 32 years’ female presented with clinical and biochemical features of central adrenal insufficiency who was taking megestrol acetate chronically. Pituitary function was otherwise essentially normal. Another case about a 46 year old male who was getting treatment for schizophrenia and later found to have hypopituitarism. Our last case about a male of 35 years old who was also diagnosed to have pituitary insufficiency.
Bangladesh J Medicine 2024; 35(1): 33-37
Answer to Medical Quiz - 2 Vol. 35(1) 2024
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul , Tasnim Refaya
Published: January 2024

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Medicine 2024; 35(1): 51
The Dengue Outbreak of 2023: A Wake-Up Call for Healthcare Professionals and Policymakers for Effective Prevention and Control Strategies
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: January 2024

Abstract not available
J MEDICINE 2024; 25: 1-3
The Quest for an Effective Dengue Vaccine: Hope or Hype
Authors: Chowdhury Fazle Rabbi , Ahmed Quazi Mamtaz Uddin , Paul Shrebash
Published: January 2024

Several trials are ongoing to develop a safe and effective vaccine to prevent dengue virus (DENV) infections, especially avoiding the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement. Only three of them (Dengvaxia/CYTTDV, Takeda TAK-003, and NIH TV-003/TV-005) have shown promising results. The issue of ‘hyperendemicity’ and ‘quasi-species the major challenge behind developing a successful vaccine. The overall efficacy of first successful vaccine ‘Dengvaxia’ showed 30.2%–60.8% efficacy with limited protection against DEN 1 and DEN 2. In Bangladesh, since 2019, outbreaks have mostly been caused by DEN 2 and DEN 3, and the trend is predicted to continue for the coming years. TAK-003 gives almost no protection against DEN 3, which is the most notorious serotype encircling Bangladesh. The overall efficacy of this vaccine is 62%, with limited protection against DEN 4. NIH TV-003/TV-005 currently shows more promise with an overall efficacy of 80%. However, we have to wait until June 2024 for the final results. All of these vaccines are safe and effective for travelers. However, for mass vaccination, a country should make a decision based on their prevalent serotypes and the potential serotypes that might cause the next epidemic. To gather these data, a robust serotype- and genotype-based surveillance system and warning system should be in place.
J MEDICINE 2024; 25: 58-67
Comparison of Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Level Between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Cases and Healthy Adults: A Cross-sectional Analytical Study.
Authors: Uddin Md Mohi , Shabnam Mahbuba , Islam Md Khairul , Afrooz Farhana , Banik Gobinda Chandra
Published: January 2024

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses the simple steatosis to more progressive steatosis with associated hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Though accurate diagnosis of simple fatty liver (SFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can be made by liver biopsy, it is not feasible to be done in all NAFLD patients. Relationship of C-reactive protein (CRP) with NAFLD was well documented in many populations, but comprehensive data is lacking in Bangladeshi people.
Method: This case-control study was conducted at the Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology departments in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from March to August 2018 involving 30 patients with NAFLD as case and apparently healthy 30 individuals as control. Abdominal ultrasound to detect fatty liver and serum CRP level estimation by nephelometry were performed for each subject to compare between two groups.
Result: Majority of the NAFLD cases and healthy controls were female (70% and 60% respectively). Mean age was 47.53±9.69 year in NAFLD group and 46.03±8.44 year in healthy controls. NAFLD cases had significantly higher mean serum CRP concentration (6.27±1.80) mg/dl than that of healthy controls (3.94±2.16) mg/dl (p<0.001). Overweight/obesity and dyslipidaemia were found as significant risk factors for NAFLD compared to the healthy control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: NAFLD cases had significantly higher CRP than the control group. But, to find out the association of increasing CRP level with the severity of NAFLD and to establish it as a diagnostic tool, further extensive studies are recommended.
J MEDICINE 2024; 25: 5-10
Clinical Presentation of Ischaemic and Haemorrhagic Stroke and Its Relation to Lipid Profile
Authors: Nayeem Rahatun , Masroor-ur-Rahman  , Rahman Saiyeedur
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Stroke is a major health hazard in both developed and developing countries. Dyslipidaemia is one of the important risk factors for stroke. The purpose of the present study was to identify clinical presentations of both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, and to find out correlation between stroke and lipid profile.
Methods: The observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine at Sher-e-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barishal from April to September 2013 for a period of 6 months. All the stroke patients over 20 years of age of both sexes were selected as study population. After admission at the hospital, history was taken from the patients or the attendants. The clinical presentation was recorded in a pre designed data collection sheet. Fasting lipid profile was measured in every stroke patient.
Results: Total 100 stroke patients were enrolled for this study, of them 36 were haemorrhagic and 64 were ischaemic stroke patients. The mean ± SD of age were 63.945 ± 8.84 and 62.26 ± 14.40 in haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke patients respectively (p>0.05). Among both haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke patients maximum 61.1% and 60.9% used to have sedentary work. Impaired level of consciousness was more common among the haemorrhagic stroke patients (91.7%) than ischaemic stroke patients (57.8%) group and the association is statistically significant (p=0.001). Limb weakness was the commonest presentation in both haemorrhagic (91.7%) and ischaemic (87.5%) stroke patients. The mean ± SD of total cholesterol was 173.47 ± 61.96 and 178.22 ± 54.79 in haemorrhagic stroke and ischaemic stroke patients respectively (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Older age, male sex, sedentary work and dyslipidaemia were susceptible to be affected in stroke. Among lipoproteins, elevated total cholesterols, triglycerides and LDL showed strong correlation with both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes.
J MEDICINE 2024; 25: 24-28
CT severity Radiological phenotypes (CTS) assessment in COVID-19 pneumonia as ‘inconsistent predictor of disease severity’: A large tertiary care center study in India
Authors: Patil Shital , Dhumal Uttareshvar , Kasture Laxman , Gondhali Gajanan
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Radiological phenotypes are radiological patterns or observable characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia. Various phenotypic classifications have been reported in literature. CT severity radiological phenotypes are widely used and universally accepted radiological phenotypic methods. Robust data is available regarding role of HRCT in COVID-19 pneumonia and we have evaluated role of CT severity in assessing natural course of COVID-19 illness during its evolution sand follow-up.
Methods: Prospective, Observational study, included 3000 COVID-19 RT-PCR confirmed cases with lung involvement documented and radiological severity phenotypes categorized on HRCT thorax as mild, moderate and severe as per lung segment involvement bilaterally (scoring tool 0-25 score, mild 1-7, moderate 8-15 and severe 16-25). Radiological CT severity phenotypes were   evaluated in correlation with interventions such as oxygen support and oxygen plus ventilatory support requirement during hospitalization. Age, gender, Comorbidity, laboratory parameters and use of BIPAP/NIV in COVID-19 cases and outcome as with or without lung fibrosis were key observations. Final radiological outcome documented in follow up CT thorax imaging done at six months of discharge from hospital. Statistical analysis is done by using Chi square test. 
Results: In study of 3000 cases, ‘mild, moderate and severe’ radiological CT severity phenotypes were documented as 13.33%, 48.33% & 38.34 % respectively. CT severity has documented significant association with duration of illness at entry point [p<0.00001] Duration of illness (<7 days, 7-14 days and >14 days) plays a crucial role in predicting radiological CT severity phenotypes. CT severity has documented significant association with laboratory parameters at entry point (d-dimer, CRP, IL-6) [p<0.00001] and interventions required in indoor unit. [p<0.00001] Post COVID-19 lung fibrosis or sequelae has significant association with radiological CT severity phenotypes. [p<0.00001] Covariates such as age, gender, diabetes mellitus, IHD, Hypertension, COPD, Obesity has significant association with radiological CT severity phenotypes. [p<0.00001]
Conclusion: Radiological CT severity phenotypic differentiation has documented very crucial role in initial assessment and during triaging of these cases in indoor and outdoor setting. Although CT severity is best predictor of severity it has showed ‘inconstancy’ in predicting disease severity, targeting interventions and predicting early and long-term outcomes in COVID-19 pneumonia.
J MEDICINE 2024; 25: 46-57
A Young Adult with Crohn’s Arthritis Necessitating Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery - A Case Report
Authors: Chowdhury Tasmina , Urmee Israt Jahan , Azad Khan Abul Kalam
Published: January 2024

Upper gastrointestinal tract predominant Crohn’s Disease (CD) remains an uncommon clinical entity, manifesting limited or vague symptomatology, thus delaying clinical suspicion and subsequent diagnostic evaluation. For that reason, it has not been widely described and there is a lack of clear recommendations for diagnosis or management. Standard Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) evaluation including serologic testing, imaging, and endoscopy may initially not be fruitful. Furthermore, endoscopic evaluation may be inconclusive even in patients with long standing-disease. We describe a 30-year-old male who suffered long with persistent iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and occasional melaena along with predominant axial arthropathy. Extensive in-patient testing including multiple endoscopic evaluation with standard biopsy were unfruitful. Ultimately, long standing recurrent gastric and duodenal ulcer, suggestive colonoscopy finding, and positive fecal calprotectin in a patient along with spondyloarthropathy drove us toward the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. We started steroid, PPI, sulfasalazine and the patient is on follow up.
J MEDICINE 2024; 25: 83-86
Idiopathic Pericarditis Leading to Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusion- A Case Report and Review
Authors: BS Forest Riekhof , Hoque Farzana
Published: January 2024

Pericardial effusion presentation is a large spectrum that can vary from asymptomatic to cardiac tamponade. It is a relatively common syndrome and has a diverse set of etiologies including infections, malignancy, radiation/iatrogenic, pericardial injury, metabolic disturbances, endocrine disease, connective tissue disease, autoimmune disorders, trauma, or idiopathic. Pericardial drainage is recommended in most large pericardial effusions or those causing cardiac tamponade. Pericardial fluid can be either purulent, serous, serosanguinous, or hemorrhagic. In the case of hemorrhagic effusion, the common etiologies include malignancy, iatrogenic, and tuberculosis (in endemic regions).  Large hemorrhagic pericardial effusions resulting from idiopathic (presumed viral) pericarditis are rare but possible. We present an interesting case of a woman with a large hemorrhagic pericardial effusion presenting as subacute cardiac tamponade caused by idiopathic pericarditis in the setting of known malignancy. This report aims to increase awareness about pericarditis as a potential cause of significant hemorrhagic pericardial effusions, rather than solely attributing them to malignancy.
J MEDICINE 2024; 25: 87-89
Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến phải thu của khách hàng trong các doanh nghiệp xây dựng niêm yết
Authors: Nguyễn Minh Nguyệt , Trần Trung Kiên
Published: January 2024

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm phân tích các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến việc phải thu của khách hàng trong các doanh nghiệp ngành xây dựng niêm yết trên thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam. Với việc ứng dụng phần mềm E-view trong phân tích định lượng để xây dựng mô hình hồi quy dữ liệu bảng (panel data), sử dụng kiểm định White, Hausman và Wald để lựa chọn mô hình phù hợp dựa trên các kiểm định của mô hình hồi quy bình phương nhỏ nhất (POLS), tác động cố định (FEM), hồi quy tác động ngẫu nhiên (REM), nghiên cứu đã xây dựng mô hình hồi quy xác định mối quan hệ của các yếu tố nội tại ảnh hưởng đến phải thu của khách hàng của 132 doanh nghiệp ngành xây dựng niêm yết. Kết quả cho thấy, dự phòng phải thu khó đòi, vòng quay tài sản, tài chính ngắn hạn có tương quan thuận với phải thu khách hàng. Quy mô doanh nghiệp, tỷ lệ hàng tồn kho, khả năng thanh toán có tương quan nghịch với khoản phải thu. Trong đó, nhân tố dự phòng phải thu ngắn hạn khó đòi là nhân tố tác động mạnh nhất. Dựa trên kết quả nghiên cứu, một số khuyến nghị được đề xuất nhằm giúp các nhà quản trị doanh nghiệp cân nhắc giữa lợi ích và rủi ro khi thực hiện chính sách tín dụng thương mại.
Analisis Geser pada Balok Komposit Kayu Kamper Laminasi Baut Perekat-Beton Bertulang dengan Perkuatan CFRP
Authors: Rezeki Pamella M Sri , Rachma Intan Nuriskha
Published: January 2024

Dimensi penampang kayu terbatas karena mengalami kembang susut, sehingga untuk memperoleh dimensi kayu yang besar salah satunya bisa dilakukan laminasi. Balok kayu laminasi dikompositkan dengan pelat beton bertulang menghasilkan bentuk struktur dimana kayu dilindungi oleh pelat beton. Sistem laminasi kayu dalam penelitian ini menggunakan baut perekat dengan Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sebagai perkuatan eksternal. Balok uji terdiri dari balok normal tanpa perkuatan (BLN-00) dan balok uji dengan perkuatan eksternal lapisan CFRP (BLF-01). Penelitian ini dilakukan eksperimen dengan metode Displacement Control. Balok uji dibebani satu beban terpusat statik monotonik di tengah bentang dengan kecepatan konstan 0,05 mm/dtk sampai runtuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balok uji normal tanpa perkuatan (BLN-00) memiliki kekuatan 52,43 kN, kekakuan 7,06 kN/mm, dan daktilitas 13,42. Sedangkan balok dengan perkuatan CFRP (BLF-01) memiliki kekuatan 65,81 kN, kekakuan 9,33 kN/mm, dan daktilitas 16,85. Selain itu, nilai tegangan geser maksimum yang terjadi pada balok normal sebesar 4,23 MPa dan pada balok dengan perkuatan CFRP sebesar 1,95 MPa.
Performance Visualization of Southbound Interface in Software Defined Networking
Authors: Djohar Fahrizal , Mulyana Eueung , Suciana Suciana , Ilyas Andi Muhammad , Rahman Muhammad Natsir , Sardju Achmad Prajudin
Published: January 2024

Software Defined Networking (SDN) makes Internet network configuration easier by separating the control plane and data plane. The control plane on the controller has information on network devices in the data plane and centrally control these devices. One of the controllers in SDN being developed is the Open Network Operating System (ONOS). ONOS provides interfaces such as Representational State Transfer (REST) Application Programming Interface (API). The ONOS core REST API provides some information from the network connected to it, such as devices, statistics, and the information in JSON file. The primary objective of this study is to develop an interface that simplifies performance monitoring through graphical representation. This involves testing the visualization with various topologies and conducting a comparative analysis of the visualization results across these topologies. The creation of the interface entails presenting statistical data, available in the form of a JSON file from the ONOS controller via the REST API, on the web interface in graphical format. The resulting visualization generates a graph that aligns with the performance characteristics of each topology, reflecting device details, ports, and additional parameters such as the count of sent and received packets, as well as sent and received bytes. The performance visualization outcomes specific to each topology are consistent with the number of connections and are prominently displayed on the web interface. Additionally, this research evaluates network throughput and bandwidth by sending ICMP packet and iperf tests across each topology. Among all the openflow tests performed on various network topologies, it was observed that the tree topology exhibited the lowest network capacity utilization, followed by the leaf-spine topology, and finally the ring topology.
Editorial
Authors: Bretón Bonilla Rubi R.
Published: January 2024

El emprendimiento y las mipymes son la columna vertebral de las economías a nivel mundial. República Dominicana no es la excepción. Según el informe ¨SITUACIÓN ECONÓMICA Y DE MERCADO DE LAS MIPYMES EN REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA POR LA CRISIS DEL COVID 19¨, del PNUD y del Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Mipymes (MICM), estas constituyen el 98% de las empresas del país, generando el 54.4% de los empleos y el 38.6% del producto interno bruto. Esto nos deja muy claro que a este sector debemos atenderlo con políticas públicas impactantes y alianzas con el sector privado para lograr un desarrollo sostenible en nuestro país.
Attitude Towards Virtual Tutoring in Higher Education
Authors: Vega Vilca Carlos Sixto , Mescua Figueroa Augusto César , Carpio Mendoza Janet , Antezana Huillca Sonia Elizabeth , Orosco León Omar Eduardo , Hilario Falcon Francisco Manuel
Published: January 2024

Virtual tutoring has been an essential need to give continuity to education. In this sense, the attitude, both of the teachers and the student, was also a support that allowed the approach in higher education. The present study aimed to identify the attitude towards virtual tutoring in higher education. The method used was argumentative criticism based on documentary analysis, considering the approach to the problem (Introduction), the development (arguments) and the conclusions that have been inferred. As a conclusion, it was found that the attitude shows a motivation in the behavior of people to maintain a mental disposition, generating adequate results in the educational field.
University- Creative Industry Linkages in Art and Design Higher Education: Insights From Indonesia and Taiwan
Authors: Hendri Zulfi , Tu Jui Che , Creativani Kharisma , Setiaji Rony Siswo
Published: January 2024

This article presents a study of the university-industry linkages in art and design higher education, focusing on the collaborative efforts between universities and the creative sector in Indonesia and Taiwan. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews and literature reviews were conducted. An automated content analysis of seven semi-structured interviews with lecturers, designers, and the government stressed the importance of university and industry linkages. This study found that despite the prevalent practice of industrial cooperation with universities in the Indonesian higher education system, challenges persist in effectively connecting graduates with employment opportunities in the creative industry sectors. In response, the Indonesian government and universities have implemented policies to support collaboration programs to address these challenges. Conversely, Taiwan has recognized the potential of its creative industry assets to create a promising market and has placed significant value on the benefits derived from industry-university collaboration. Consequently, Taiwan has proactively developed its creative industries, receiving substantial encouragement and support from the local government.
Assessing the Impact of Post-Conventional Leaders
Authors: Cardillo Andrea
Published: January 2024

This article provides a literature review of the state of the art in evaluating the impact of post-conventional stages of development for leaders, focusing on their impact on successful change management, on the integration of environmental concerns and practices, and on stakeholders’ relationships. A synthetic review of the general theory of adult development and of its implications to leadership is provided. Then, the empirical evidence for the impact of post-conventional leaders at work is introduced and discussed. The studies here reviewed suggests that post conventional stages of development can be a strong predictor of leadership performance, in (a) successfully leading organizational change, (b) in driving forward advanced environmentally and socially responsible initiatives, and (c) in creating strong stakeholders’ relationships. Further directions for future research are suggested.
The Outsiders: Examining the Effects of Political Appointments on Public-Sector Employee Engagement
Authors: Boyette Charity L.
Published: January 2024

Scholars have long examined the inherent trade-offs between control and capability when presidents politicize the executive branch through their appointment powers, including through appointments. Research has consistently connected high ratios of appointees to career leaders with decreased agency performance and higher voluntary turnover at the career senior ranks. However, far less attention has been paid to the cumulative effect of such appointments on the engagement of the civil service workforce, a factor shown to influence organizational performance. Using the 2012 and 2016 Federal Employee Viewpoint Surveys, I evaluate the relationship between degree of agency politicization and self-reported measures of engagement among civil servants. Preliminary analysis indicates the use of political appointments by presidents can impede agency efforts to build and sustain an engaged workforce. The findings suggest the negative outcomes associated with these appointments are both broader and more enduring than the tenure of a single appointee, presenting a new perspective for scholarly understanding of the dynamics at play when presidents politicize the agencies they are entrusted to lead.
UJARAN KEBENCIAN JERINX SUPERMAN IS DEATH TERHADAP IKATAN DOKTER INDONESIA: ANALISIS PRAGMATIK
Authors: Akbar Ari Rizky , Saman Sesiliya , Seli Sesilia
Published: January 2024

Penulis meneliti ujaran kebencian Jerinx Superman Is Death terhadap Ikatan Dokter Indoensia, secara khusus penelitian ini meneliti ujaran kebencian dari aspek pragmatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis, ketidaksantunan berbahasa, makna konseptual, kontekstual, dan jenis ujaran kebencian serta mendeskripsikan implementasi hasil penelitian dalam rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran kurikulum 2013.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan bentuk penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah ujaran kebencian Jerinx SID terhadap Ikatan Dokter Indonesia. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah kata-kata yang dituturkan Jerinx pada postingan akun sosial media instagram. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu teknik studi dokumenter. Alat pengumpul data adalah penulis sendiri sebagai instrumen kunci dalam penelitian ini. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan yaitu perpanjang pengamatan dan meningkatkan ketekunan. Teknik analisis data yang dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasi, mendeskripsikan, analisis data, dan, menyimpulkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini antara lain (1) ketidaksantunan berbahasa yang terdapat dalam ujaran kebencian Jerinx yaitu melanggar yaitu melanggar prinsip maksim pujian dengan  skala  ketidaksantunan  cost benefit scale, melanggar   prinsip  maksim. (2) makna konseptual dan kontekstual ujaran kebencian Jerinx bermuatan negatif. (3) jenis ujaran kebencian Jerix yaitu berupa penghinaan dan provokasi. (4) hasil penelitian ini diimplementasikan dalam rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran di sekolah kurikulum 2013 pada materi teks editorial KD 3.5 dan KD 4.5.
ANALISIS MAKNA IDIOMATIK CHÉNGYǓ (成语) YANG MENGANDUNG UNSUR ANGKA
Authors: Saragupita Angela Tanjung , Zhang Minhui
Published: January 2024

Idiom atau chengyu (成语) dalam bahasa Mandarin merupakan sebuah unkapan yang tidak bisa diartikan secara harfiah baik lisan dan tulis dan terdiri dari empat karakter Hàn (漢字). Chéngyǔ memiliki beberapa varian dari unsur pembentuknya berupa unsur hewan, unsur alam, unsur tumbuhan, dll. Pada penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menjelaskan makna idiomatik dari chéngyǔ yang memiliki unsur angka sebagai pembentuknya dan mengkaji fungsi chéngyǔ dalam kehidupan masyarakat Tiongkok. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik analisis PUP (Pilah Unsur Penentu) dan sumber datanya berasal dari beberapa artikel online maupun cetak yang memuat chéngyǔ. Hasil penelitian ini mendapat 10 chéngyǔ dengan 5 jenis idiom penuh (pure idioms) dan 5 jenis idiom sebagian (partial idioms). Kemudian terdapat empat chéngyǔ yang berfungsi sebagai nasehat, tiga chéngyǔ berfungsi sebagai pujian, dan tiga chéngyǔ berfungsi sebagai sindiran.
PLOT IN JUSTIN LIN'S THE FATE OF THE FURIOUS
Authors: Kardari Lisna Dewi , Suarniti Gusti Ayu Made Rai , Kertiasih Ni Nyoman
Published: January 2024

The research, titled "Plot in Justin Lin’s The Fate of The Furious," aims to explore how the plot is developed in the movie "The Fate of The Furious" directed by Justin Lin and identify the components of the plot structure present in the film. The study utilizes Freytag's plot methods (1863) as its theoretical framework. The research methodology involves determining the data sources, collecting data, and analyzing the data based on Freytag's methods. The data are classified according to these methods, and calculations are conducted to understand the presence and elements of the plot in "The Fate of The Furious." The theoretical foundation for analyzing the plot methods comprises the five steps outlined by Freytag in his book "An Exposition of Dramatic Composition and Art." This theoretical framework is applied to scrutinize the movie, considering both the dialogue and each scene. The findings reveal five essential steps in the plot structure: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and denouement. These plot elements serve as a narrative framework for "The Fate of The Furious," shaping the events, conflicts, and resolutions that unfold throughout the film.
DIGGING THE YOUTUBE VLOGGING IMPACT ON ENHANCING STUDENTS' SPEAKING PROFICIENCY
Authors: Soge Edeltrudis Patrisia , Janggo Wendelinus Oscar , Alinda Marta
Published: January 2024

In this study, the authors implemented Clasroom Action Research by using Youtube vlogging to improve students' speaking proficiency in two cycles. The primary objectives of this study were to describe the implementation of using this media and to find out how much students' speaking proficiency improved. Observations, interviews, field notes, documentation, and speaking tests were used in collecting the data. The authors evaluated the English test results of each student for data analysis. The samples of this study were twenty students of X-E-1 (tenth grade) of SMAK.ST. Gabriel Maumere. Quantitative data were collected from test scores, while qualitative data were collected from the progress of student activities, pleasant classroom atmosphere and interesting learning environment. The average score in the pre-test was 50.6%, with only 25% success rate in class percentages. During the first cycle, eight students (40%) reached the minimum standard of criteria, resulting in an average class score of 65.1%. In the second cycle, 17 students (85%) exceeded the standard, and the class average increased significantly to 77.4%. Consequently, it can be deduced that creating Youtube vlogs can augment students' spoken proficie
A FEMINIST-STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE TAYLOR SWIFT SONG ENTITLED THE MAN
Authors: Caroline Yohanna Pebrianti , Zahrani Tasya , Sitompul M. Riyadhil , Rangkuti Rahmadsyah
Published: January 2024

The Man song by Taylor Swift focuses on kinds of feminism and explains about feminism expressed about women’s social aspects. This research is intended to find out the message of The Man song based on Mills' perspective on feminist stylistics. The lyrics in this song are the main object of research. The song presents the perspective of a woman reflecting on how her life would be different if she were a man. This research employs a qualitative content analysis by presenting data in the form of descriptions and tables. The objectives of this research include examining how the song expresses writing styles related to gender across three levels: word level, sentence level, and discourse level. It was found that The Man by Taylor Swift conveys a message about gender inequality or feminism, stereotypes, and gender roles in society. The song strongly highlights the observable differences in the lives of women and men and also double standards. The words, phrases and sentences chosen explain the gaps and challenges faced by women in society, thereby encouraging listeners to question and challenge these norms.
THE SETTING ANALYSIS IN DEREK KOLSTAD’S JOHN WICK
Authors: Praditya Wisma Agung , Suarniti Gusti Ayu Made Rai , Kertiasih Ni Nyoman
Published: January 2024

This paper analyzes the distinctive settings in Derek Kolstad's John Wick movie, emphasizing its unique portrayal of the Continental Hotel in the USA and its reflection of contemporary American society. Using qualitative research methods, the study examines both primary data from the movie script and secondary data from relevant sources. The findings highlight the film's use of physical, time, and social environment settings. The physical setting unfolds in a fictional, gritty version of urban settings, primarily New York City. Time setting is conveyed through markers like continuous action, character development, and visual cues. The social environment setting explores family dynamics, social institutions, and the presence of law enforcement. The analysis concludes by summarizing the film's use of setting to create atmosphere, act as a dominant element, and contribute to the overall narrative, enhancing our understanding of its acclaimed intense action sequences and exploration of a life immersed in violence.
Contrasting ontogenetic shifts in habitat and metabolism of three sympatric key deep-sea fishes
Authors: Priester CR , Afonso P , Trueman CN , Menezes G , Graça G , Fontes J
Published: January 2024

Many coastal fish species undergo ontogenetic shifts, but comparable knowledge for most exploited deep-sea fishes and their habitat use is lacking. We use otolith stable isotope analysis (SIA) to hindcast experienced temperature, depth, and field metabolic rate of 3 ecologically and commercially important deep-sea fishes from the Azores, mid-north Atlantic. Otoliths of bluemouth rockfish Helicolenus dactylopterus, Atlantic wreckfish Polyprion americanus, and blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo were analysed to determine the stable isotope composition of carbon and oxygen in aragonite at core, mid and edge of otoliths. Oxygen SIA thermometry was used to infer water temperatures and depths, and carbon isotopes were used to derive individual field metabolic rate at each section. We identified sharp ontogenetic and interspecific differences in temperature, depth, and metabolism: juvenile rockfish inhabited intermediate depths before shifting to deeper waters as sub-adults; wreckfish occupied shallow waters before an abrupt ontogenetic shift to deep waters at maturity; juvenile seabream recorded the warmest temperatures, before gradually shifting to deeper waters as they grow. The mass-specific metabolic rates declined expectedly across all 3 species as individuals grew and occupied deeper and colder environments. Rockfish revealed the highest metabolic rates at low temperatures while in wreckfish, allometric scaling exponents for the whole organism field metabolic rate were comparatively low, potentially associated with changes in activity levels associated with ontogenetic depth changes. The thermal and metabolic differences throughout the ontogeny between the species illustrate the diversity of life cycles in deep-sea fishes and the relevance of integrating these into multispecies fisheries management.