bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЦЕССА ЛИНЕАРИЗАЦИИ НЕЛИНЕЙНОЙ МОДЕЛИ, ОПИСЫВАЕМОЙ ОБЫКНОВЕННЫМИ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫМИ УРАВНЕНИЯМИ
Authors: Зиятбекова Гульзат , Мазакова Айгерим , Джомартова Шолпан , Мазаков Талгат , Досаналиева Акерке
Published: April 2023

Аннотация. В статье исследована возможность автоматизированной линеаризации нелинейных моделей. На основе линеаризованных моделей можно исследовать в дальнейшем такие свойства исходной модели как устойчивость и управляемость. На основе применения компьютерной алгебры разработан конструктивный алгоритм линеаризации системы нелинейных обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений. Разработано программное обеспечение на MatLab. Эффективность предложенного алгоритма продемонстрирована на прикладных задачах.
Ключевые слова: обыкновенное дифференциальное уравнение, компьютерная алгебра, устойчивость, управляемость, MatLab.
GAMBLING BUSINESS AS PART OF KAZAKHSTAN'S TOURISM POTENCIAL
Authors: Есилов Асылхан
Published: April 2023

This article examines possibilities of applying gaming industry as a tool for developing the tourism potential of Kazakhstan. It contains a detailed study of experience of foreign countries in regulation of gambling and its impact on the development of tourism in the state. This type of business affects the development of gaming tourism, which in turn can become a means of replenishing the state budget and contribute to the development of inbound tourism, a good example of this fact is the casino in Macau. The development of the tourism industry leads to the expansion of the tourist services provided. Thus, the emergence of tourist services related to gambling, the so-called junket tours, which have long been known in the world, and are quite new for our region. The definition of junket tours is given and features of their practical implementation are analyzed. Results of the Gambling Availability Score rating for residents in individual countries are analyzed. The final part of the article proposes a concept for the development of gambling tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan for the long-term period, which includes many directions and it is very important to approach this concept comprehensively
ВЛИЯНИЕ ЛЬНЯНОЙ МУКИ И СУХОЙ МОЛОЧНОЙ СЫВОРОТКИ НА КАЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ЗЕРНОВЫХ НАПИТКОВ
Authors: Хастаева Айгерим
Published: April 2023

При разработке рецептуры производства зерновых  напитков, обогащенных Омега-3-полиненасыщенными жирными кислотами для улучшения технологических свойств и органолептических показателей новых зерновых напитков в технологии в качестве обогащающего компонента использовали муку из семян льна и сухой концентрат молочной сыворотки. Мука из семян льна является обогащающей основой Омега-3 ПНЖК, а сухой концентрат молочной сыворотки придает молочный вкус и аромат зерновым напиткам.
В  лабораторных условиях произведены опытные образцы зерновых напитков и проведена расширенная их дегустация. Результаты органолептических исследований свидетельствуют о хороших потребительских качествах образцов. На основании результатов экспериментальных и опытных выработок, полученных напитков и органолептической оценки были разработаны базовые рецептуры.
Sự thay đổi quan niệm về LGBT trong xã hội Việt Nam đương đại - trường hợp tiểu thuyết của Bùi Anh Tấn
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Quốc Minh
Published: April 2023

Xuất phát từ xã hội Á Đông, ở Việt Nam trước đây cách nhìn về LGBT (đồng tính nữ, đồng tính nam, lưỡng tính và chuyển giới) vẫn còn mang nhiều định kiến, kỳ thị, người ta coi LGBT là một dạng bệnh hoạn, khiến những người LGBT dễ bị xa lánh, xúc phạm. LGBT từ chỗ là chủ đề cấm kỵ trong văn học nghệ thuật, gần đây đã bắt đầu được nói tới, lúc đầu còn rụt rè, càng về sau càng mạnh mẽ, thẳng thắn hơn với những cây bút được nhiều người biết đến: Bùi Anh Tấn, Trần Thùy Mai, Vũ Đình Giang, Nguyễn Đình Tú, Thủy Anna, Nguyễn Ngọc Thạch, … trong đó Bùi Anh Tấn là người mở đầu và có nhiều thành công hơn cả. Những tiểu thuyết của anh như Một thế giới không có đàn bà, Les - vòng tay không đàn ông, … viết về cuộc sống, tình yêu của LGBT và cuộc đấu tranh của họ chống lại những định kiến xã hội đã trở thành một hiện tượng thu hút sự chú ý của đông đảo công chúng, nhất là những người LGBT, một số cuốn đã trở thành bán chạy nhất. Trong phạm vi bài viết này, chúng tôi vận dụng thuyết đồng tính và ý nghĩa của việc đọc/ phê bình đồng tính để chỉ ra sự thay đổi về thái độ, quan niệm về LGBT trong xã hội Việt Nam hiện nay qua tác phẩm của nhà văn Bùi Anh Tấn, chủ yếu qua hai tác phẩm trên. Mong muốn của chúng tôi là góp tiếng nói để mọi người nhận thức đúng hơn về LGBT, nhìn họ bằng một cái nhìn nhân văn hơn.
Trở lại vấn đề quan hệ “Kim Vân Kiều truyện” và “Truyện Kiều” từ tư liệu Hán Nôm Việt Nam
Authors: Đoàn Lê Giang
Published: April 2023

Trong lời tựa bản dịch Kim Vân Kiều Thanh Tâm Tài Tử 金雲翹青心才子của Tô Nam Nguyễn Đình Diệm, (Nha Văn hóa, Sài Gòn, 1971) có đưa ra một nghi vấn là phải chăng Kim Vân Kiều truyện 金雲翹傳 của Thanh Tâm Tài Tử “là của một nhà nho Việt Nam về sau đã dựa theo cuốn thơ Đoạn trường tân thanh mà soạn thảo, chứ không phải gốc ở bên Tàu.” Với thành quả sưu tầm, khảo cứu các văn bản còn nằm trong các văn khố trong và ngoài nước suốt mấy chục năm qua, vấn đề tưởng đã được giải quyết xong. Thế nhưng vấn đề ấy lại được đặt ra gần đây. Trong những bài viết trước chúng tôi có giới thiệu một số tài liệu mới sưu tầm ở Nhật Bản để chứng minh Kim Vân Kiều truyện có trước Truyện Kiều. Bài viết này chúng tôi tìm về các tư liệu Hán Nôm thế kỷ XVIII-XIX để chứng minh các nhà nho Việt Nam từ lâu đã nói đến việc Truyện Kiều được sáng tác trên bản nguồn Kim Vân Kiều truyện.
Nhìn lại ảnh hưởng của văn hóa Trung Quốc trong văn học Đông Á thời cổ trung đại
Authors: Đinh Phan Cẩm Vân
Published: April 2023

Bài viết nhìn nhận lại vấn đề ảnh hưởng của văn hóa Trung Quốc trong khu vực văn hóa đồng văn từ các hệ thống “quyền lực cứng” và “quyền lực mềm”. Từ đó thấy khả năng dẻo dai, ý thức độc lập của các nền văn học Việt Nam, Triều Tiên, Nhật Bản; Văn học Đông Á thời cổ trung đại là một thực thể thống nhất trong đa dạng.
Ma thuật, nhìn từ tiểu thuyết Trăm năm cô đơn (G.G. Marquez)
Authors: Nguyễn Thành Trung
Published: April 2023

Trong văn học nghệ thuật, ma thuật có quan hệ gần gũi với Chủ nghĩa hiện thực huyền ảo, cụ thể là trong tiểu thuyết Trăm năm cô đơn, giải Nobel năm 1982 của Marquez. Vốn thường được tiếp nhận từ góc độ chính trị văn hóa, dưới góc nhìn ma thuật, tiểu thuyết Trăm năm cô đơn được khám phá mới theo con đường phê bình huyền thoại nghi lễ với hai nguyên lý tương đồng và tương cận của ma thuật trên các diện hình tượng, cấu trúc và mô hình quan niệm đời sống. Trên cơ sở này, bài viết xác định lại vai trò, quan hệ, hệ thống phân loại cũng như thành phần, tính chất cơ bản của ma thuật thông qua đối thoại ý kiến và minh chứng bằng tiểu thuyết Trăm năm cô đơn. Đây có thể xem như một nỗ lực xác định lại các vấn đề lý luận cơ bản của ma thuật với văn học nghệ thuật.
Tôi có một giấc mơ (Martin Luther King): Một mẫu mực của thể loại nghị luận ở trường Trung học phổ thông
Authors: Phạm Ngọc Lan
Published: April 2023

Bài viết trình bày đặc điểm của thể nghị luận trong hệ thống thể loại văn học và trong chương trình Ngữ văn 2018; từ đó, giới thiệu và lược dịch văn bản “Tôi có một giấc mơ” của Martin Luther King làm ngữ liệu để giảng dạy thể loại này. kèm một số gợi ý sơ lược để đọc hiểu, phân tích và giảng dạy văn bản này từ góc độ thể loại.
การศึกษาภาวะหลอดเลือดแข็งชนิดไม่แสดงอาการ โดยการวัดระดับแคลเซียมบริเวณหลอดเลือดหัวใจในผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงทางพันธุกรรมเปรียบเทียบกับผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงที่ไม่ได้เกิดจากพันธุกรรม
Authors:   , สันดุษฎี นิธิพัฒน์
Published: April 2023

วัตถุประสงค์ เพื่อเปรียบเทียบระดับแคลเซียมบริเวณหลอดเลือดหัวใจ และลิ้นหัวใจในผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงทางพันธุกรรม และผู้ป่วยที่มีระดับคอเลสเตอรอลสูงที่ไม่ได้เกิดจากพันธุกรรม

วิธีการวิจัย ผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงทางพันธุกรรมวินิจฉัยจากเกณฑ์ Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) ที่มีค่าตั้งแต่ 6 คะแนนขึ้นไป (Probable or definite familial hypercholesterolemia) และผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงที่ไม่ได้เกิดจากพันธุกรรม โดยวินิจฉัยจากการที่ผู้ป่วยเคยมีระดับ LDL-c สูงสุดมากกว่า 130 มก./ดล. และคะแนน DLCN น้อยกว่า 6 คะแนน โดยนำผู้ป่วยทั้ง 2 กลุ่มเข้ารับการตรวจวัดระดับแคลเซียมบริเวณหลอดเลือดหัวใจ และลิ้นหัวใจเอออร์ติก ด้วยการทำเอกซเรย์คอมพิวเตอร์ชนิดไม่ใช้สารทึบรังสี

ผลการศึกษา ผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงทั้งหมด 71 ราย แบ่งเป็นผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรลสูงทางพันธุกรรม 36 ราย และผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงที่ไม่ได้เกิดจากพันธุกรรม 35 ราย พบว่าผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงทางพันธุกรรมมีระดับ LDL-c ก่อนการรักษา ระดับ LDL-c และ total cholesterol ในวันที่เข้าร่วมวิจัยสูงกว่า, Total cholesterol burden มากกว่า และระยะเวลาการรักษาที่นานกว่ากลุ่มควบคุม ผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงทางพันธุกรรมมีระดับ Coronary artery calcium (CAC) มากกว่ากลุ่มควบคุมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (25.3 Agatston unit (AU) (0-210.2 AU) และ 0 AU (0-37.6 AU), P = 0.01) และมีสัดส่วนผู้ป่วยที่มีระดับแคลเซียมที่หลอดเลือดหัวใจมากกว่า 0 AU มากกว่ากลุ่มควบคุมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (ร้อยละ 69.4 และร้อยละ 42.9, P = 0.02) นอกจากนี้ในผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงทางพันธุกรรม ยังมีสัดส่วนผู้ป่วยที่มีระดับแคลเซียมบริเวณลิ้นหัวใจเอออร์ติกมากกว่า 0 AU มากกว่ากลุ่มควบคุม (ร้อยละ 19.4 และร้อยละ 0, P= 0.02) และมีเอ็นร้อยหวายที่หนากว่ากลุ่มควบคุมอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (6.2 มม. (5.00-9.03 มม.) และ 5.1 มม. (4.53-5.65 มม.), P = 0.001) ระดับแคลเซียมบริเวณหลอดเลือดหัวใจมีความสัมพันธ์กับอายุ Total LDL-c burden, ความหนาของเอ็นร้อยหวาย และคะแนนความเสี่ยงในการเกิดโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือดในคนไทย (Thai CV risk score) (R = 0.53, 0.51, 0.34 และ 0.53 ตามลำดับ, P <0.01) พบว่าปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับระดับแคลเซียมที่มากกว่า 0 AU ได้แก่ ภาวะเบาหวาน, การวินิจฉัยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงทางพันธุกรรม และ อายุ (OR 18.5, P = 0.02, OR 7.94, P <0.01 และ OR 7.26 สำหรับอายุ 49-56 ปี, OR 14.95 สำหรับอายุมากกว่า 56 ปี, P = 0.01 ตามลำดับ) ในผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงทางพันธุกรรม การมีระดับ Total LDL-c burden มากกว่าหรือเท่ากับ 11,520 มก.-ปี/ดล. จะมีความสัมพันธ์กับระดับแคลเซียมบริเวณหลอดเลือดหัวใจที่มากกว่า 0 AU (OR 10.86, P = 0.041)

สรุป ผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงทางพันธุกรรมมีภาวะหลอดเลือดหัวใจแข็งชนิดไม่แสดงอาการมากกว่าผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงที่ไม่ได้เกิดจากพันธุกรรม โดยแสดงให้เห็นจากระดับแคลเซียมบริเวณหลอดเลือดหัวใจ และลิ้นหัวใจเอออร์ติกที่มากกว่า อีกทั้งยังพบว่าอายุ, เบาหวาน และการวินิจฉัยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงทางพันธุกรรมสัมพันธ์ระดับแคลเซียมที่หลอดเลือดหัวใจมากกว่า 0 AU ผู้ป่วยคอเลสเตอรอลสูงทางพันธุกรรมที่มีระดับ Total LDL-c burden ที่มีค่าตั้งแต่ 11,520 มก./ดล.ขึ้นไป มีความสัมพันธ์กับระดับแคลเซียมบริเวณหลอดเลือดหัวใจที่มากกว่า 0 AU อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ
การศึกษาอุบัติการณ์การหายของภาวะเลือดออกในสมองจากการตรวจพบโดยเอกซเรย์คอมพิวเตอร์ในผู้ป่วยโรคสมองขาดเลือดระยะเฉียบพลันที่ได้รับการรักษาด้วยการฉีดยาละลายลิ่มเลือดทางหลอดเลือดดำในโรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์
Authors:   , หาญไชยพิบูลย์กุล พาทิศ
Published: April 2023

วัตถุประสงค์ : ภาวะเลือดออกในสมองของผู้ป่วยโรคสมองขาดเลือดระยะเฉียบพลันเป็นภาวะแทรกซ้อนที่สำคัญของการรักษาด้วยการฉีดยาละลายลิ่มเลือดทางหลอดเลือดดำทำให้ผู้ป่วยมีอาการทางระบบประสาทที่แย่ลงและอาจสัมพันธ์กับการเสียชีวิต การศึกษานี้จึงมีจุดประสงค์ที่จะศึกษาการหายของเลือดในสมองจาการตรวจพบโดยเอกซเรย์คอมพิวเตอร์สมองและปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้อง

วิธีการวิจัย : ทำการศึกษาย้อนหลังผู้ป่วยโรคสมองขาดเลือดระยะเฉียบพลันที่มีภาวะเลือดออกในสมองในช่วง 24 ชั่วโมงแรกหลังการรักษาด้วยการฉีดย่าละลายลิ่มเลือดทางหลอดเลือดดำและเป็นผู้ป่วยในโรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์ตั้งแต่เดือนมกราคม พ.ศ.2552 ถึง เดือนมิถุนายน พ.ศ.2561 

ผลการศึกษา : มีผู้ป่วยโรคสมองขาดเลือดเฉียบพลันทั้งหมด 710 ราย มีผู้ป่วยที่มีเลือดออกในสมองทั้งหมดที่เข้าการศึกษา 80 ราย พบว่าค่าเฉลี่ยของเวลาที่เลือดออกในสมองหายหมดในผู้ป่วยทั้งหมดเท่ากับ 22.37 วัน (SD = 17.18) 

สรุปผลการศึกษา : ผลการศึกษานี้อาจจะนำไปประยุกต์ใช้ในการเลือกเวลาที่จะตรวจติดตามเอกซเรย์คอมพิวเตอร์ตามเวลาที่เป็นค่าเฉลี่ยผู้ป่วยแต่ละกลุ่ม โดยในผู้ป่วยที่มีเลือดออกประเภท HI1 อาจจะพิจารณาตรวจที่วันที่ 10  ผู้ป่วยที่มีเลือดออกประเภท HI2 และ PH1 อาจจะพิจารณาตรวจในวันที่ 20 หลังพบเลือดออกในสมอง และผู้ป่วยในกลุ่ม PH2 พิจารณาตรวจเอกซเรย์สมองในวันที่ 35
การเปลี่ยนแปลงความหลากหลายของไมโครไบโอต้าในลำไส้หลังการปลูกถ่ายเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดโดยใช้เซลล์ของผู้อื่น
Authors:   , เกียรติสุรนนท์ พิมพ์กมล
Published: April 2023

ที่มาและความสำคัญ การเปลี่ยนแปลงของไมโครไบโอต้าในลำไส้ส่งผลกระทบต่อผลลัพธ์และการเกิดภาวะแทรกซ้อนในการปลูกถ่ายเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดโดยใช้เซลล์ของผู้อื่น ปัจจุบันหลักฐานดังกล่าวมีจำกัดในแถบเอเชียและยังไม่เคยมีการศึกษาในประเทศมาก่อน ผู้วิจัยจึงทำการศึกษารูปแบบการเปลี่ยนแปลงของไมโครไบโอต้าในลำไส้และความสัมพันธ์ต่อการเกิดภาวะแทรกซ้อนหลังการปลูกถ่ายเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดโดยใช้เซลล์ของผู้อื่นในประชากรไทย

วิธีการวิจัย ทำการวิจัยแบบนำร่องในผู้ป่วยอายุ ≥ 15 ปีที่เข้ารับการปลูกถ่ายเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดโดยใช้เซลล์ของผู้อื่นในโรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์ เก็บตัวอย่างอุจจาระที่ 3 ระยะคือ ภายใน 1 สัปดาห์ก่อนได้รับยาเคมีบำบัดเพื่อรับการปลูกถ่ายเซลล์ต้นกำเนิด ภายใน 3 วันหลังร่างกายยอมรับเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดจากผู้บริจาค (engraftment) และหลังจาก engraftment แล้ว 1 เดือน นำตัวอย่างอุจจาระไปทำการวิเคราะห์ทางจุลชีวิทยาโดย 16S rRNA gene sequencing ประเมินความหลากหลายโดยใช้ Shannon diversity index เพื่อดูการเปลี่ยนแปลงของไมโครไบโอต้าในลำไส้หลังการปลูกถ่ายเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดและดูความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างไมโครไบโอต้าในลำไส้กับการเกิดภาวะเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดใหม่ต่อต้านต้านร่างกายชนิดเฉียบพลัน (acute graft versus host disease, acute GVHD)

ผลการศึกษา ผู้ป่วยที่เข้ารับการปลูกถ่ายเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดโดยใช้เซลล์ของผู้อื่นทั้งหมด 11 ราย มีผู้ป่วย 2 ราย (ร้อยละ 18.2) เกิด acute GVHD ไม่มีผู้ป่วยเสียชีวิตในระหว่าง การศึกษานี้ พบการติดเชื้อในกระแสเลือดและการติดเชื้อ C. difficile อย่างละ 3 ราย คิดเป็นร้อยละ 27.3 จากผลการศึกษา Shannon diversity index ลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติในกลุ่ม post-conditioning regimen เมื่อเทียบกับกลุ่มอื่นๆ แสดงว่าช่วงที่มี engraftment จะมีความมากชนิดและความหลากหลายของแบคทีเรียลดลง

สรุปผล พบการเปลี่ยนแปลงความหลากหลายของไมโครไบโอต้าในลำไส้หลังการปลูกถ่ายเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดโดยใช้เซลล์ของผู้อื่น ความหลากหลายที่ลดลงมีแนวโน้มสัมพันธ์กับการเกิดภาวะแทรกซ้อนคือการติดเชื้อและ acute GVHD สิ่งเหล่านี้บ่งชี้ว่าไมโครไบโอต้าในลำไส้นั้นอาจจะเป็นปัจจัยสำคัญที่มีผลต่อความสำเร็จหรือล้มเหลวในการดูแลรักษาผู้ป่วยที่เข้ารับการปลูกถ่ายเซลล์ต้นกำเนิดโดยใช้เซลล์ของผู้อื่นได้
Proactive customer service operations development for an automotive tyre service centre
Authors:   , Wittayapichet Suttida
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research is to create new customer service model in fleet management for Company A which is the automotive tyre service centre due to change the company administration to be proactive management by developing relationship with customers. Also, the research focuses on customers in private companies, which are fleets of large vehicles, in order to maximize customer loyalty with the main customer group of company. Therefore, the design of this research used Business Model Canvas (BMC) to be the structure of the research and adapting Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) concept to develop in the form of Vendor Managed Service (VMS) which provided tyre inspection and data analysis. Also, information gathering was gathered to interview and focus group methods and benchmark analysis to develop the model. Moreover, Customer Journey Mapping (CJM) was used to evaluate the result of model performance from market experiment in real-situation. As a result, the new service model provided demonstrative visible data in tyre utilization and root-cause of problems for customers so these maximized customers’ productivity to avoid breakdown and reduce unnecessary cost. Also, it made customer satisfaction in company service and made decision to come back for re-purchasing. In conclusion, the new service model enhanced company management to be more proactive management which helped improve inventory management to hold stock following schedule service maintenance. Moreover, proactive service helped ensure make customer trust in company service and enhanced customer engagement leading to customer loyalty. However, there should be continuous development in order to maximize customer satisfaction in competitive market. Consequently, further research should be considerations in improvement of customer service model for fleet management by creating mixed customer service model from existing fleet management service. Also, there should be motivations of customer engagement due to maximize customer trust and loyalty for sustainable service provision.
A corpus-driven study of the English present perfect in general and textbook corpora
Authors:   , Chareonkul Chanakarn
Published: April 2023

Corpus linguistic research has consistently shown that there is an interconnectedness between patterns and meanings in language use (Hunston and Francis, 2000; Römer, 2006). With regard to the present perfect, little attention has been paid to the relationship between verb patterns and meanings expressed through the tense. This may be one of the reasons why second language learners frequently encounter difficulties in mastering the English present perfect. As Yoshimura et al. (2014) argue, language learners are likely to have a problem with the form/pattern-meaning mapping in the use of the present perfect. To fill this gap, the present study takes a corpus-driven approach to the pattern-meaning relationship of the present perfect through an investigation into British and American English general corpora. It is found that there are seven meanings of the present perfect, namely ‘accomplishment with relevance to the present’, ‘continuing from the past to the present’, ‘change of condition’, ‘experience’, ‘recency’, ‘discovery’, and ‘possession’. These meanings are found to be associated with specific distinctive patterns. The corpus-informed insights were then applied to an analysis of textbooks used in Thailand’s universities. This relationship between patterns and meanings can also be found in the sampled textbooks, but with different ratios. That is, the groups ‘continuing from the past to the present’ and ‘experience’ are found to occur significantly frequently in the sampled textbooks while such a core group as ‘accomplishment with relevance to the present’ shows a significantly lower frequency than that in the general corpora. The study offers a new light on the description of English present perfect and also provides empirical evidence to EFL pedagogical concerns in the development of textbooks and teaching materials.
The development of a learning-oriented reading assessment model to improve English reading ability and promote learning engagement on EFL undergraduate students
Authors:   , Viengsang Raveewan
Published: April 2023

The study was conducted 1) to examine the effects of the learning-oriented reading assessment model on EFL undergraduate students’ reading ability, 2) to investigate the effects of the learning-oriented reading assessment model on EFL undergraduate students’ reading processes, and 3) to explore the effects of the learning-oriented reading assessment model on EFL undergraduate students’ learning engagement. A mixed-method research design was employed.  The study participants were 25 first-year undergraduate students at a public university who were enrolled in a foundation English course. The period of the study was 16 weeks. There were five data collection instruments including the CU-TEP, the end-of-the-unit tests, the learners’ journal, the teacher’s observation notes, and the semi-structured interview protocol. Quantitative data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, percentages, and dependent t-tests, and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis.

The study findings revealed that the learning-oriented reading assessment model had an effect on the development of students’ reading ability, activated students’ reading processes, and fostered students’ learning engagement. The findings of the study supported the integration of the learning-oriented reading assessment model into an English reading classroom to promote not only language skills such as reading but also an affective factor such as learning engagement of learners.
Stress patterns and metalinguistic knowledge before and after praxis intervention on the pronunciation of English derivational suffixed words by Thai learners
Authors:   , Piyapattaranop Chedtinee
Published: April 2023

This research study investigated the stress patterns and metalinguistic knowledge of Thai learners on the pronunciation of English derivational suffixed words. The study compared how the learners performed before and after the praxis intervention, where the stress placement rules of English suffixed words were explicitly taught and trained. Thirty first-year university students were selected by stratified random sampling based on their proficiency levels and were grouped into the high and low proficiency groups. They took the pre-test which was the read aloud task of the base and the suffixed words. Their performance was recorded, and the stress patterns were analysed. Then, they joined the three-week praxis intervention sessions which included the video lessons, classroom activities, and homework assignments. Within a week after the praxis intervention, the participants took the post-test by performing the read-aloud task which included another list of the base and the suffixed words, and then they did metalinguistic knowledge elicitation task. The participants were further interviewed after the post-test. They reflected on their learning performance and provided their metalinguistic knowledge regarding stress placement of English suffixed words. The results of the stress patterns revealed that the high group performed the patterns which were in agreement with the English accentual system more often than the low group. The stress error patterns performed by the Thai learners revealed the intralingual and interlingual influences. The results of learners’ performance, before and after praxis intervention, showed that level of achievement in their learning was dependent on many factors such as motivation, time of exposure, and time practicing the rules and pronunciation. The results from the metalinguistic knowledge elicitation task revealed different metalinguistic knowledge between the high and low proficiency groups. The highly proficient learners used morphophonologically oriented knowledge more than the less proficient learners who used either morphologically or phonologically oriented knowledge more. The low proficient learners also gave numerous impressionistic answers. The findings exhibited that teaching materials and praxis intervention can help enhance metalinguistic knowledge and contribute to English language teaching and learning. The study also provides pedagogical implications for English language classrooms regarding English phonology and English pronunciation.
Development of x-ray shielding material from combination of amorphous cellulose of used paper, barium sulphate, and natural rubber
Authors:   , Mungpayaban Harinate
Published: April 2023

This research aimed to fabricate X-ray shielding substrates using amorphous cellulose from office waste paper and eucalyptus pulp mixed with natural rubber to produce the prototypes. The amorphous cellulose was prepared using only the sulfuric acid at 0 °C to rearrange the crystalline chain to the amorphous chain. After that, the barium sulfate/amorphous cellulose composite (Ba/AC) was regenerated using barium chloride solution. The shielding sheets were formulated by mixing vulcanization natural rubber individual with Ba/AC from office waste paper (NR-W), the purified eucalyptus pulp (NR-E), and barium sulfate powder (NR-P). The NR-W and NR-E were shown the predominant attenuation than the NR-P because of the amorphous cellulose surrounded barium sulfate distributed and reduced the particles aggregation; as a result, most incident X-rays have absorbed. The prototypes were developed at the equivalent of 0.25 mm Pb, complying with the recommendation for patients and occupational workers. The protective materials were formulated to prevent the primary radiation, comprising the shield of the head, thyroid, and breast, while the lab coat was produced to block the scatter radiation. The X-ray shielding prototypes present the benefits of biodegradable, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and non-toxic.
The stains of various lipsticks on maxillary anterior ceramic veneers
Authors:   , Chotipanvidhayakul Ratirat
Published: April 2023

This clinical study aims to determine differences in lipstick stains between ceramic veneers and natural teeth. Types of lipsticks affected lipstick stains on ceramic veneers and natural teeth were also investigated. A total of 30 patients were divided into two groups: ceramic-veneer (CV) group and natural-teeth (NT) group with 15 patients in each group. Seven lipstick types: Gloss & Balm, Gloss & Sheer, Cream, Liquid matte, Matte & Frost, Satin, and Matte were applied on patients’ lips. Six labial surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth were evaluated for the frequency of lipstick staining with each type of lipstick. Thus, 90 maxillary anterior teeth were examined per group. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA (α = .05). One-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that types of lipsticks had a statistically significant effect on lipstick stains (P < .001). Gloss & Balm lipstick left the highest frequency of lipstick staining in both CV and NT groups. Matte lipstick had the lowest frequency of lipstick staining. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups concerning the lipstick staining (P = .083). In conclusion, based on our findings, types of lipstick affected lipstick stains in both groups. Regarding substrates, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
The End of Homelessness through Policies and Implementations : Case Studies of Finland and Ireland
Authors:   , Tapta Rapee
Published: April 2023

The objectives of this research are 1) To study the homelessness situation in Finland and Ireland 2) To describe what methods Finland and Ireland take into action to reduce homelessness 3) To compare the performance of Finland and Ireland, by collecting data from the documents, government’s reports, annual reports, and related research—focusing on public policies, strategies and implementations of both Finland and Ireland from 2018 to 2021, by using thematic analysis method to analyze the date. The results of the research can divide into three topics. First, the number of homelessness in Finland and Ireland reduced satisfactorily, especially in Ireland from 2020 onwards. Second, both Ireland and Finland applied the “providing, delivering and controlling the prices of housing” concept as primary methods to end homelessness. The third, albeit both countries applied the same concept of plans and strategies, however in terms of ideas and policies are different. Since Finland’s state welfare regime is Social Democratic Welfare Regime and adopted housing first as their principle to end homelessness. Meanwhile, Ireland’s state welfare regime is the Liberal Welfare Regime, which is less intense in terms of “citizens insurance”, albeit Ireland also adopted housing. However, Ireland created their strategy called “Rebuilding Ireland” and applied it as the main principle.
Fusulinacean biostratigraphy and carbonate petrography of Khao Khwang and Khao Khad formations, Saraburi province
Authors:   , Sirot Sutharat
Published: April 2023

These research purposes are to study petrography, fusulinids assemblage and age and study biostratigraphy correlation of Khao Khwang and Khao Khad Formations, Saraburi province.

The fusulinids from the study area belong to 5 families, 11 subfamilies, 15 genera and 15 species including Robustoschwagerina, Yangchienia, Parafusulina loeyensis, Parafusulina gigantea, Laosella edoensis, Pseudofusulina, Chusenella chihsiaensis, Chusenella (Chusenella) shengi, Verbeekina verbeeki, Misellina, Pseudodoliolina, Thailandina buravasi, Neoschwagerina megasphaerica, Colania douvillei, Lepidolina shiraiwensis, Presumatrina ciryi, Sumatrina annae and Sumatrina cf. longissima. These fusulinids indicated that Khao Khad Formation was deposited oldest in Sakmarian to Yakhtashian and youngest in Midian age and Khao Khwang Formation was deposited oldest in Murgabian and youngest in Midian age. The petrographic study indicates that the carbonate rocks of the study area could be classified to calcimudstone, bioclastic wackestones, bioclastic floatstone, bioclastic packstone, bioclastic rudstone and microbial boundstone. The depositional environments of these carbonate rocks were varied from tidal, shelf and slope deposit.

The Khao Khwang and Khao Khad Formations correlation indicated that these formations were deposited in different localities in the same age at least in Early Middle Permian to Late Middle Permian (Murgabian to Midian).
Evaluating the effect of emulsion on wax deposition prevention of oil from fang oil field
Authors:   , Ruengnam Tanapol
Published: April 2023

Due to the COVID-19 situation, the energy consumption demand right now declines. However, the trend predicted by EIA is that the demand will be fully recovered at the end of 2022. Thus, it is important to maintain the production without disruption from flow assurance issue. In addition, wax deposition is one of the important issues for flow assurance. To manage the wax deposition, there are 3 major methods which are mechanical, thermal and chemical methods. The chemical method can easily be utilized. For this study, wax deposition prevention is studied with chemical method. Also, the study is investigating the effect of emulsion on wax deposition by using two chemicals, n-heptane and poly (maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecane) or PMAO. Also, pour point, WAT and wax deposition are measured with several aspects such as emulsion, temperature and chemical concentration. For the effect of emulsion on the wax deposition, the presence of emulsion with increasing water cut initially increases amount of wax deposition in the case of water cut from 0% to 40% and the amount of wax deposition decreases by comparing amount of wax deposition from 40 to 80%. Also, for the effect of emulsion on wax inhibitor performance, water cut increases with more diminishing effect of wax inhibitor with all cases of inhibitor performance. For inhibitor performance, n-heptane plays a major role for pour point, wax appearance temperature and wax deposition measurement illustrated by the higher inhibitor performance comparing to the crude oil and its emulsion without chemical. Also, the performance increases with an increase in concentration. However, PMAO has its own optimum concentration at 7500 ppm which yields the highest effect of inhibitor performance for all cases of water cut and all shear rates for WAT. By adding more concentration for PMAO beyond optimum concentration, the inhibitor performance reduces comparing to optimum concentration. For the better effect of inhibitor performance, 10% and 15% n-heptane which exhibits the high performance and economical aspect and PMAO at 7500 ppm are mixed to obtain the optimum concentration. It is found that 15% n-heptane with 7500 ppm of PMAO yields higher inhibitor performance than that at 10% n-heptane with PMAO for amount of wax deposition.
Analysis of chewing efficiency in dementia patients using two-color chewing gum test and the viewgum software
Authors:   , Thangjittiporn Chawisa
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between chewing efficacy and severity level of cognitive impairment in dementia patients using a smartphone with ViewGum software for chewing efficiency analysis. Participants (n=70) from the Dementia Clinic, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, included 38 dementia patients (76.1±9.0 years) and 32 patients (71.8±9.9Years) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), diagnosed by the medical specialists. The cognitive impairment was assessed by the TMSE (Thai Mental State Examination), and then scored. Participants were assessed for chewing efficacy using the mixing ability test of the two-color chewing gum, followed by an analysis using the ViewGum software. The data analysis revealed the variance of hue (VOH) as the measure of the two-color mixture. Inadequate mixing of the two colors presents with VOH larger than the complete mixture. The images of mixing colors in the gum were taken by the smartphone, and then compared to the scanner by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The analysis demonstrated ICCs of 0.97 indicating the excellent reliability (0.96; p<0.001;95%CI 0.955-0.982) of the two methods. The chewing efficacy, analyzed from the images taken by the smartphone (P=0.01) and the scanner (P=0.02), of dementia patients was significantly different from patients with MCI shown by Independent t-test analysis. The simple linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between VOH and TMSE score analyzed from the images taken by the smartphone (F(1,53)=6.566, P=0.013, R2= 0.110), and the scanner (F(1,53)=6.437, P=0.014, R2=0.108). This study suggested that the chewing efficacy can be simply analyzed with the two-color chewing gum test and a smartphone image capture for ViewGum software analysis. Within the limitation of this study, the participants demonstrated a significant association between chewing efficacy and the severity level of cognitive impairment. Further studies are necessary to determine whether chewing efficacy can support a prediction of the cognitive impairment in patients with early signs of dementia.
Comparative gene expression analysis of human dental pulp cells from maxillary and mandibular teeth
Authors:   , Faruangsaeng Thira
Published: April 2023

Objective : Given the anatomical and locational differences between the maxillary and mandibular teeth, it is possible that there are differences in gene expression patterns of dental pulp cells within those teeth. This study evaluates and compares the gene expression profiles of the maxillary and mandibular human teeth with the aim of finding differences in gene expression patterns of dental pulp cells by RNA-Sequencing technique.
Methods : The upper and lower premolar and molar teeth obtained from the same participant were employed. Two pairs of opposing premolar teeth and two pairs of opposing molar teeth were isolated, cultured, and subjected for RNA sequencing. RNA-Seq Alignment and RNA-Seq Differential Expression were used to analyze gene expression profile. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to confirm the result obtained from RNA-Sequencing.
Results : RNA sequencing demonstrated that 19,372 genes out of 27,914 in total were expressed. The top expression genes were FN1, COL1A1, COL1A2, ACTB and EEF1A1. In DPSCs of posterior teeth (premolar and molar), only PITX1 gene had a significant higher expression (exhibiting 26.47 or 89-fold change) in the lower teeth compared to the upper teeth (64-fold change in premolar teeth and 116-fold change in molar teeth). 
Conclusion : We showed that PITX1 gene had a significant higher expression in the lower teeth compared to the upper teeth and this difference in PITX1 level was more evident in the molars compared to premolars.
Effect of trehalose solution spray on post-radiation xerostomia related quality of life in head and neck cancer patients
Authors:   , Pravinvongvuthi Kulpriya
Published: April 2023

Radiotherapy is the standard treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC). The radiation may affect on normal tissue and surrounding salivary gland resulting to xerostomia. Treatment of radiation-related xerostomia focuses on relieving symptoms by using saliva substitutes or saliva stimulants. Because the salivary stimulants have significant side effects, such as sweating, dizziness or increasing urge to urinate, saliva substitutes are preferable. Trehalose solution has been suggested for improve moisture in dry mouth condition and can be used as saliva substitute. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of 10% Trehalose solution spray to improve dry mouth condition and quality of life (QoL) in post-radiotherapy HNC patients compared with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution spray, which is commonly prescribed for dry mouth patients. Seventy post-radiotherapy patients diagnosed with HNC were included and randomly divided into two groups; to use CMC or Trehalose solution spray. Patients were interviewed with a Xerostomia-related Quality of Life scale (XeQoLs) questionnaire, and then instructed to use spray for two pumps (approximately 0.4 ml.), 4 times a day, after 3 meals and before bedtime. After 14 days of use, all participants were interviewed with the questionnaire again. Saliva was collected before and after use interventions 14 days for measurement of saliva volume and salivary pH. Patients significantly had better XeQoLs scores after use of either CMC or Trehalose solution spray in the aspect of physical, pain/discomfort, and psychological dimensions (P<0.05) but not social dimension (P>0.05). When compared between CMC and Treholose solution spray, the before-after intervention differences of XeQoLs scores were not significantly different (P>0.05). Salivary pH and saliva volume were significantly increased after use Trehalose solution spray (P<0.05), but not statistically significant increased after use CMC solution spray (P>0.05). In conclusion, Trehalose solution spray can effectively relieve post-radiation xerostomia leading to improve QoL of HNC patients comparable with CMC solution spray.
MicroRNA profiles associated with bone healing of the extraction socket in bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rat model
Authors:   , Surajkulwatana Thapakorn
Published: April 2023

Bisphoshonates (BPs) are widely used for treating osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, breast cancer, and bone metastasis cancer. Trauma or tooth extraction in patients treated with BPs can lead to MRONJ development because of its mechanism of action by which interferes bone homeostasis and angiogenesis. Once MRONJ has occurred, this hard-to-cure disease posed the risk of having poor quality of life to the patients. The application of miRNA for curing the diseases is now being of interest in medical field. Aiming at elucidating the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MRONJ, a rat model was used in creating MRONJ and the expression of candidate miRNAs was evaluated in this study. Seventeen rats were randomly divided into 2 groups; 1) zolendronate plus dexamethasone-treated group (Zol) and 2) control group which receiving normal saline solution (NSS). Tooth extraction was performed after 2 weeks of BPs administration. The MRONJ occurred in extraction sockets were confirmed by clinical appearances, micro-CT, and histological analysis at Day 28 post-extraction. Bone samples from extraction sites were collected for miRNA analysis. In this study, MRONJ in rat model was successfully established in Zol group. Candidate miRNAs were found to be involving in the development of MRONJ. miRNAs that affected an inhibition of osteoblast maturation, including miR-23a-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR27a-3p and miR-24-3p were upregulated in MRONJ bone tissue samples. Promote-angiogenesis-relating miRNAs such as miR-663a and miR-720 were down regulation in the MRONJ extraction sockets. The expression of miR-34 that had dual effects on both bone remodeling and blood vessel formation was upregulated. This study suggested that the certain miRNAs have a role in controlling the cellular functions related to bone remodeling mechanisms and angiogenic activity in MRONJ.
„Leichte sprache“: exemplarische untersuchung von übertragungsstrategien bei kausalen und konditionalen satzverknüpfungen
Authors:   , Charoonpongsakdi Pichaya
Published: April 2023

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Konzept Leichte Sprache. In dieser Arbeit warden die Ubertragungsstrategien bei kausalen und konditionalen. Satz-verknupfungen anhand des selbst zusammengestellten Korpus sowohl theoretisch als auch empirisch untersucht. Das Korpus besteht aus insgesamt 14 Texten, sieben Texte sind in Standardsprache und sieben Texte sind ihre Ubertragung in die Leichten Sprache. Aus der Untersuchung ergibt sich, dass die Ubertragung in die Leichte Sprache die Merkmale der denotativen und pragmatischen Aquivalenz nach Koller erfults. Daruber hinaus wird ersichtlich, dass die Ubertragung in die Leichte Sprache von der Interpretation der Ubersetzenden abhangig ist. Bei der Ubertragung kommen die Strategien Umschreibung, Auslassung und Erganzung zum Einsatz. Dabei verandern sich die Textsorte, -funktion und –gestaltung. Im Hinblick auf die Satzverknupfungen dominieren die syndetischen Satzverknupfungen anhand von Subjunktionen. Weiterhin weist das Korpus die sieben folgenden Strategien zum Ausdruck der Kausalitat und Konditionalitat auf: (1) die unmarkierte Satzstellung, (2) die markierte Satzstellung, (3) der Einsatz von Doppelpunkt statt Komma, (4) der alleinstehende abhangige Haupt- und Nebensatz, (5) die elliptische Struktur, (6) die Strategie “Konnektor+Doppelpunkt” an der Satzspitze und (7) die Konstruktion” Frage+Dann”.
Detecting faces with COVID protection masks from images shot in public places using neural networks
Authors:   , Wang Hangkai
Published: April 2023

Since 2019, Covid-19 has become a common problem affecting all mankind. The disease has successfully spread all over the world. Wearing a mask can practically protect the infection. Thus, detecting people wearing and not wearing masks in public is essential. However, there is still some room to improve detection accuracy of the present methods. In this paper, the transfer learning model and FR-TSVM model are used to study the latest data of pneumonia epidemic situation in Covid-19. First, a data set of 11600 facial images wearing masks and not wearing masks in public was collected for training, testing, and validation. The pictures will be put into the improved VGG model. Then the structure of VGG model was used to extract the features of images. These features were trained by FR-TSVM with fuzzy concept included. This approach can achieve 95.125% accuracy and it is also higher than the detection results of other methods.
PVDF hollow fiber membrane modification for dye wastewater treatment by ozonation membrane contacting process
Authors:   , My Hanh
Published: April 2023

One of the main pollutions from textile wastewater is the dyeing wastewater containing color and organic matters. Among the treatment methods of dye wastewater, ozonation membrane contactor was used as the concept of this research. PVDF membranes were developed by pulse inductively coupled plasma (PICP) and grafted by organosilanes for hydrophobicity enhancement applied for dye wastewater treatment by ozonation membrane contactor. To obtain a stable grafting, the surface of PVDF hollow fiber membrane was activated by the plasma operating condition including two different plasma gases (oxygen and argon), applied voltage and pressure, plasma treatment shot, followed by grafting with four different organosilanes (methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS), trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS),1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS-C8), and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (FAS-C6), organosilane concentration and different grafting time.  The results found that oxygen plasma activation of PVDF membrane was more effective compared to argon plasma.  The hydrophobic membrane modified by MTCS and FAS-C8 was increased, while the plasma-activated membranes grafted by TMCS and FAS-C6 did not change. The success of membrane modification was confirmed by the presence of silicon functional group and composition in FTIR and EDX results and the decrease of surface roughness. After activated by oxygen plasma under 10kV/0.3 mbar/2 shots followed by grafting with MTCS for 4h and FAS-C8 for 6h, the water contact angle was greatly increased from 74.7o to 125.3o and 112.7.4o, respectively. The ozone flux of modified membranes was higher and more stable than that of the original PVDF membrane. In addition, PVDF-FAS-C8 membrane gave the highest results in terms of ozone flux and dye removal. Direct Blue 71 (DB 71) and Reactive Red 239 (RR 239) decolorization by PVDF-FAS-C8 membrane were almost complete decolorization. After 90 mins, the COD removals of DB 71 and RR 239 by PVDF-FAS-C8 were 62.5% and 67.5%, respectively. The energy consumption of modified membrane in membrane contactor for dye wastewater was lower than that of original membrane. This study demonstrated that the modified membrane has a potential interest in improving hydrophobicity and membrane contactor applications.
Virtual learning prototype in flipped classroom for developing English listening and reading skills of undergraduates in Thai higher education institutions
Authors:   , Jehma Hambalee
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research and development study was (1) to explore and analyze the level of English receptive skills of undergraduates studying in Thai higher education institutions, (2) to develop the prototype of virtual learning as implemented in flipped classrooms in improving Thai undergraduates’ English receptive skills, and (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed prototype of virtual learning as a tool implemented in flipped classrooms in developing Thai undergraduates’ English receptive skills. The research methodology was explained as follows: the samples of this study were 160 undergraduate students, and 40 students from four regions of Thailand, namely North, Northeast, Southern, and Central were purposively selected. The other 30 potential undergraduates studying English as a required general education subject at Prince of Songkla University were samples for the experiment. The actual TOEIC test, listening rubrics, reading rubrics, and virtual tasks have been employed as research instruments. The data has been analyzed by ANOVA and t-Test. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. Thai undergraduate students had poor English receptive skills as the TOEIC total mean score was 342.55, the lowest was 165, and the highest was 495 out of 990. These can be considered at the level of Elementary Proficiency (255-400) which was lower than the university requirement of not less than 450 total TOEIC scores. 2. The designed prototype included of 10 lesson plans applied the three virtual platforms, namely Second Life, VRChat, and the ClassStart taught in flipped classrooms were beneficial for developing students’ English receptive skills. 3. Considering the overall development of students’ English receptive skills both listening and reading from their pre and post-test scores of the total English TOEIC scores after applying the prototype in teaching and learning, the results showed that the students had significant development of their English receptive skills both listening and reading as their total English TOEIC scores from the post-test were higher than that of their pre-test.
A study of customers’ willingness to purchase organic fresh milk in Thailand
Authors:   , Punwaree Jeerawan
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, most consumers often are care about health due to the COVID-19 and personal needs. Dairy products are specific products that are generally consumed by every age group, from children, teenagers, adults, to the elderly. Organic milk could provide an advantageous alternative for health conscious consumers as it must be certified by government agencies prior to market launching. There are many studies supported that organic milk is more beneficial than conventional milk. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was applied to study the factors affected consumers' willingness to purchase organic fresh milk in Thailand. Through the questionnaire method and analysis by using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling, the result collected from 418 consumers reveals that there are seven significant factors  as follows: 1) Attitudes toward behavior significantly affect the willingness to purchase 2) Subjective norms significantly affect the willingness to purchase 3) Information on product labels significantly affects the attitudes toward behavior 4) Ethics and animal welfare affects the attitudes toward behavior 5) COVID affects attitudes towards behavior 6) Social media affects subjective norms and 7) Price of goods affects perceived behavioral control respectively. Moreover, it shows the price of customers' willingness to purchase is varied from THB 12.18 to 21.18 for a 200 c.c. bottle of organic fresh milk.
Not Your Father’s Turing Test
Authors: Poskanzer Deborah
Published: April 2023

A review of Machines Like Me by Ian McEwan, Klara and the Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro, and The Employees by Olga Ravn (translated by Martin Aitken).
The Transformation of American Nursing
Authors: Tobbell Dominique
Published: April 2023

In the decades after World War II, nurse educators built a science of nursing. Their work underpins the profession as it is practiced today—and offers insights for other disciplines into how knowledge is created, valued, and used.