bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More complex societies have more complex kinship lexicons
Authors: Chen Sihan , Gil David , Benítez-Burraco Antonio
Published: April 2024

Increasing evidence suggests that language complexity is sensitive to sociopolitical factors. While most quantitative research has focused on morphology and syntax, the complexity of the lexicons of the world languages can be expected to be sensitive to extralinguistic factors too. In this paper, we have implemented a mathematical method for calculating the complexity of kinship term systems. We have furthermore conducted principal component analyses aimed to determine whether this complexity is impacted by core features characterizing sociopolitical complexity, including the status of the language within its society, the size of the language family that a language belongs to, the number of jurisdictional levels above the local community, the size of local communities, population size and density, fixity of residence, and distance moved each year. For this, we have drawn upon independently constructed databases of sociopolitical and linguistic complexity (WALS, D-Place, Ethnologue, Glottolog, and KinBank). We found that social complexity positively correlates with the complexity of kinship terms. We interpret this finding as suggesting that the languages spoken by complex societies develop greater expressive power in order to share decontextualized knowledge and know-hows with strangers. We expect that our algorithm can capture the complexity of other domains of the lexicons of the world’s languages.
Trait Preferences for Leaders During War: Experimental and Panel-Based Evidence from Ukraine 2022
Authors: Laustsen Lasse , Mazepus Honorata , van Leeuwen Florian , Bartusevicius Henrikas , van vugt mark
Published: April 2024

When do citizens want a dominant political leader? A prominent hypothesis suggests that such preferences arise as a result of intergroup conflict. However, this conflict-sensitivity hypothesis has not yet been tested in the context of a real war. Here, we report results from an original experiment embedded in a two-wave panel survey with 1,081 (811 re-interviewed) Ukrainians conducted at the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The results show that respondents generally value competence and warmth over dominance in leaders. Yet, war increases preferences for dominance and reduces preferences for warmth and competence. Additional analyses reveal that emotional reactions to the war also relate to leader trait preferences: Ukrainians who react with aggressive emotions display enhanced preferences for all leader traits, whereas fearful reactions leave leader trait preferences mostly unaffected. Taken together, these results substantially advance existing knowledge about how violent conflict shapes citizens’ leader preferences.
Antiproliferative effect of methanolic extract of Mallotus philippensis in MCF-7 cell lines
Authors: Mariya Alfin , Begum Nisaath , Mohan Arya , Sujith S , Nisha AR
Published: April 2024

Phytochemicals and their derivatives are promising options for improving cancer treatment efficiency while minimising side effects. Methanolic extract of flowers of Mallotus philippensis were assessed for their cytotoxicity in MCF-7cell line by 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at concentrations of 640, 320, 160, 80, 40, 20, 10 and 5 µg/mL and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated using Graph Pad Prism 5.0. As a positive control, doxorubicin was used. Phytochemical analysis of M. philippensis methanolic extract using standard tests revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. When the cells were exposed to different concentrations of the extracts, a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability was observed. The IC50 of M. philippensis methanolic extract is 41.28 µg/mL. The antiproliferative effect of methanolic extract of M. philippensis in cancer cells in a dose dependent manner could be a promising strategy in chemotherapy. This extrapolates the use of natural products in drug designing conducting clinical trials in vivo and in human subjects.
Identification of Hsp90 inhibitors from Ananas comosus potential phytochemicals for lung cancer treatment
Authors: Alam Mudassir , Abbas Kashif , Ahmad Abrar , Showkat Nowsheen , Sen Rima
Published: April 2024

Lung cancer is a significant global health issue, with thousands of lives lost each year. One potential approach to preventing lung cancer is the use of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors, which have been shown to induce substantial cell death in both chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant small cell lung cancer cells. In this study, we conducted in silico computational molecular docking of pineapple phytochemicals with Hsp90 to investigate their potential inhibitory effects on Hsp90 and, consequently, their ability to prevent lung cancer. Our findings demonstrate that the phytochemicals found in Ananas comosus, specifically caffeic acid, ferulic acid, 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid, Sinapic acid, and D-Galacturonic Acid, exhibit notable inhibitory activity against Hsp90. Beyond their Hsp90 inhibition, these phytochemicals also demonstrate promising biological activities, serving as effective agents against neoplastic conditions, particularly lung cancer, and displaying pro-apoptotic properties. Moreover, the ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) and toxicological assessments conducted on these compounds yielded satisfactory results. These findings suggest that pineapple phytochemicals may have potential in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for lung cancer prevention.
Ethnobotanical study and inventory of medicinal plants used in the treatment of dermatological diseases in southern Benin
Authors: Ahodegnon Kossi Donatien , Bothon Fifa Théomaine Diane , Avlessi Félicien
Published: April 2024

The use of phytotherapy in the treatment of skin diseases is becoming more and more widespread in Benin due to the increasing number of dermatological diseases and the cosmetologically demands of the population. This study aimed to identify the medicinal plants used to treat common dermatoses in southern Benin. The methodology is based on ethnobotanical surveys carried out with the help of questionnaires among traditional therapists and medicinal plant sellers of different ages and sexes in some communes of southern Benin. The results obtained allowed us to identify 54 species of medicinal plants used in the treatment of dermatoses. The most frequently cited species include Crateva adansonii, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Ageratum conyzoides, Cassia alata, and Chromolaena odorata. Leaves are the most commonly used organ (73.29%). Decoction is the most popular method of preparation (95.4%), while bathing is the most commonly recommended method of administration (54.68%). All the information gathered will be used to create a database for future studies in the Beninese pharmacopeia to evaluate the efficacy of these antibacterial plants.
Experimental in- vivo animal models for asthma/ allergic asthma: importance and documented parameters- A review
Authors: Madhuranga Hewa Dikkumburage Tharindu , Alles CNRA
Published: April 2024

Allergies are related to foods, drugs, synthetic materials, diseases, a person's immunity, and other factors, and they cause major morbidity and socioeconomic consequences. Asthma is among the most widespread respiratory conditions in the world, affecting 6.4 million children in the United States and 350 million individuals globally; within the next 30 years, 400 million individuals are estimated to be affected. The European Union has the greatest mortality rate and the largest yearly costs at 72.2 billion euros. Allergic respiratory disorders can lead to serious, life-threatening illnesses like anaphylaxis. According to epidemiological research, these disorders and their clinical effects are currently affecting people all over the world in all age groups. As a result, people all around the world are looking for new therapies and medications with minimal or no side effects. Therefore, to conduct more research trials, scientists need an in vivo animal model and data obtained from previously published study findings. Understanding the clinical features of asthma makes it possible for us to better comprehend the pathophysiology of allergic illnesses in animals, which then enables us to apply some of this knowledge to humans. To achieve the goal of this review study, a literature search was conducted using PubMed ® (US National Library of Medicine, USA), Google Scholar, and Hilary. which is to give evidence-based recommendations for various animal models. The study covered the years 2000 through 2023. To widen the scope of this research area, information on about five animal models were gathered. Here, discusses the use of mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs, and sheep as asthma animal models in earlier studies, and documented parameters were gathered.
Functional aspects of stevia: A review
Authors: Chaudhary Saroj , Kiran S , Sreeja V
Published: April 2024

Stevia, the natural sweetener obtained from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana plant has found commercial application as a sugar substitute in foods, beverages, or medicines all over the world. The leaves of this plant naturally contain diterpene glycosides stevioside, rebaudiosides A-F, steviolbioside, and dulcoside, which are responsible for its sweet taste. As the human body does not metabolize the glycosides in stevia, it contributes to zero calories. Many preclinical and clinical studies have revealed the pharmacological and therapeutic applications of stevia. It is reported to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, prebiotic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and anticarcinogenic activity. This review focus on the functional aspects related to this natural sweetener and the plant.
A review on the Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of some Species from Genus Dodonaea (Sapindaceae Family)
Authors: Waweru Abigail Wambui , Osoro Eric Kibagendi , Omolo Josiah Ouma
Published: April 2024

This review focuses mainly on findings of the chemistry and pharmacological activities of some plant species from genus Dodonaea. The continued chemical studies of Dodonaea species such as D. viscosa, D. angustifolia, D. spatulata, D. polyandra and D. ceratocarpa and the related plants have resulted in isolation of flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins and their glycosides, among other classes of compounds. The presence of these compounds is thought to be responsible for the various pharmacological activities the plant species possess. Extracts and isolated compounds from various species of Dodonaea plants have been reported to exhibit a range of activities including but not limited to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, anticancer, antidiabetic and antiviral activities.
Analisis Prospektif Peremajaan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) POLA Swadaya di Kabupaten Kampar
Authors: Malau Kartika , Dewi Novia , Hadi Syaiful
Published: April 2024

This study aims to analyze oil palm farming self-help patterns and determine the determinants of successful replanting and the implications of self-help oil palm replanting. The analysis used is a prospective analysis. The results of this study show that independent oil palm farmers in Kampar Regency have an average net income obtained by farmers of 38,814,983.21 / lg / th and the determining attributes for the success of oil palm replanting in Kampar Regency are banks, assistance workers and partners. These attributes have a strong influence on the success of oil palm replanting and there are implications for the development of oil palm replanting self-help patterns in this study, namely improvements in the components of the attributes of ease of selling production products, high demand, knowledge and skills of farming, controlled prices, capital and land legality.
Tourism as a Catalyst for Socio-Economic Transformation: Insights from Sharangkot, Kaski
Authors: Sharma Laxmi Kanta
Published: April 2024

This research examines tourism's impact on Sharangkot's socio-economic landscape, a key destination in Nepal's thriving tourism sector. Focusing on communities transitioning from agriculture to tourism, the study used a quantitative method, surveying 100 local households. It analyzed the correlation between tourism and socio-economic variables, considering both benefits (like job creation and infrastructural growth) and challenges (such as inflation and environmental issues. Results show tourism significantly improves Sharangkot's living standards, bringing economic advantages and infrastructural enhancements, but also raising costs and environmental concerns. The study underscores the need for sustainable tourism strategies that harmonize economic and environmental interests. It also suggests further research to delve deeper into the complex interplay between tourism and socio-economic factors in Sharangkot.
Corporate Social Responsibility of Commercial Banks in Nepal: Expectation or Dilemmas
Authors: Bista Raghu Bir
Published: April 2024

This study examines the practices and dilemmas of the corporate sectors to CSR in Nepal. Using explorative and descriptive methods, the study analyzes secondary and primary combo data sets covering only the financial sector, particularly private commercial banks to unlock CSR issues of the corporate sectors. As a result, the study finds a positive perception, higher awareness level and good adoption of the private commercial banks on CSR. In practice, the study gets CSR as voluntary social responsibility in almost all private commercial banks. Similarly, the study finds the least CSR size. Its flow is discrete and irregular without priority. Lastly, the satisfaction level of almost all stakeholders is poor and says that it should be obligatory to banks for encouraging implications. Since CSR practices is a dilemma to the corporate sector and the government in the imperfect open market in developing countries like Nepal, the government should come beyond the policy frameworks of CSR to transform voluntarily CSR to mandatory CSR in the practices. Furthermore, the government should improve the monitoring and evaluation system for CSR to make mandatory additional resource mobilization for social causes for improving social welfare and socio-economic justice in society for reducing have and have-not gaps.
Tax Avoidance and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Bibliometric Review and Future Agenda
Authors: Jeewanthi H. A. C
Published: April 2024

This review explores the intellectual structure, research trends, and nexus within tax avoidance (TA) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature using the bibliometric research approach. Seventy-five peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2003 and 2022 in 56 journals were identified for the final analysis from Scopus databases. The articles were analysed and visualised with VOSviewer based on the keyword occurrence, authors, countries, and journal distribution. Even though 75 articles were identified on the interplay between CSR and tax avoidance, over sixty percent of papers were published during the last four years from only five countries. It indicates that combined CSR and tax avoidance research is emerging and has recently become a critical concern of scholarly investigation. Although the number of publications is increasing, author and country network analyses do not show a strong connection among authors and countries of publications. While the publications have been dispersed within a broader range of sources, only five journals are dominant, with three or more articles. Considering co-occurrence analysis, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and Tax avoidance are the frequently occurring terms within the publications, and they have been explored with other related areas such as corporate responsibility and sustainability, tax evasion, business ethics, corporate governance, tax havens, and earning management. Although keyword analysis shows that CSR and tax avoidance literature have been extensively studied during the past decade, this area of research is still in its infancy. Hence, more empirical research is needed from both developed and developing countries. Accordingly, this study provides exciting findings on the knowledge structures and patterns of tax avoidance and CSR research and valuable insights for future studies.
Assessment of the Relevance of Goleman's Emotional Intelligence Model among the Managers of Commercial Banks in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Indira , Dahal Rewan Kumar
Published: April 2024

Even if today's managers can use technology, they are accused of lacking emotional stability. However, to manage the corporate house effectively, a leader needs to possess the decisive trait of emotional stability. So, the study aimed to examine how Goleman's notion of emotional intelligence applies to bank managers. The study's participants included branch heads of commercial banks located in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Lalitpur districts. Information about emotional intelligence was obtained from 215 branch heads using convenience sampling. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed using 25 test items to confirm the constructs of emotional intelligence. Due to a low standardized regression weight, one out of 25 items could not be retained. According to the findings, self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills are the five categories into which Nepalese bank managers fall under the emotional intelligence concept. Thus, companies can use this emotional intelligence measure to assess the characteristics of managers who constitute true leaders.
Nature and Dynamics of Stock Market: A Bibliometric Analysis of its Development and Operations as an Economic Agency
Authors: Karki Dipendra , Bhattarai Ganesh , Khadka Prajjwol Bikram
Published: April 2024

This study methodically examines the pivotal role of stock markets in global economies, emphasizing their evolution from theoretical concepts to essential economic infrastructure. It employs advanced bibliometric tools and analysis, including co-authorship, citation, bibliographic coupling, and visual mapping techniques using VosViewer, to explore into stock market research from 1990 to 2023. The findings offer unprecedented insights into the academic and practical fields of stock market research. These analyses explore detailed collaboration networks, influential research contributions, and thematic clusters, highlighting the dynamic interplay between stock market developments and economic growth. This study documented the multifaceted nature of stock market development, with particular emphasis on four factors: supply, demand, institutions, and economic policies. The findings also emphasize that stock market development is a dynamic and long-term process, intricately linked to the broader development of a financial system. Although stock markets are primarily a private sector endeavor, the government's supporting role is pivotal for their success. The integration of this framework not only enriches our understanding of stock market dynamics but also charts the course for future research directions in the field, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and global research collaborations in advancing our understanding of financial systems.
Healthcare Providers’ Readiness to Address Medical Device Cybersecurity within the Irish Healthcare System
Authors: Keeley Dara
Published: April 2024

Medical devices that can diagnose and treat critically ill patients have become sophisticated and complex. Device manufacturers have been developing these systems to meet market requirements as technology evolves. Combining medical devices and ICT into a distributed medical device IT system can be a solution to incorporating continuous monitoring from the patient bedside to interoperability with a clinical information system. These technology innovations aim to manage patient data and configure medical devices into networked systems that can provide functionality and safety. The implementation of a medical device network solution allows a healthcare provider to take advantage of managing the flow of information to improve clinical work practices and implement a system that can be interoperable with other clinical information systems.
 
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 80001-1 was developed to assist healthcare providers in identifying and managing the risks associated with medical devices sharing the same IT network with other systems and software. This standard defines roles, responsibilities, and activities in relation to the management of risk with medical devices on an IT network.
This study aims to determine if the standard International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 80001-1 is being implemented and determine familiarity with regulations and appropriate standards and guidance for an effective medical device security risk-management program with Irish healthcare providers.
A literature review highlighted the restrictions healthcare providers face in adopting and implementing IEC 80001-1 and the security threats and risks present when integrating medical devices and IT networks. The study research was conducted with clinical engineering members of the Biomedical and Clinical Engineering Association of Ireland (BEAI). This survey targeted BEAI members due to their wealth of experience, knowledge, and skill level in supporting complex medical device systems. An online anonymous survey was created to determine knowledge, awareness, and familiarity with IEC 80001-1 and other medical device security risk-management guidelines.
The study research results revealed low knowledge, awareness, and familiarity among research participants with IEC 80001-1 and guidelines on medical device security risk management. These results were consistent with the literature review that a key to the success of standard adoption is collaboration between stakeholders and a multidisciplinary approach to compliance.
Evaluation Capacity Building: Experiential Learning Through Community–University Collaboratives
Authors: Gokiert Rebecca , Searle Michelle , Choquette Kirsty , Zukiwsky Rachel , Bourgeois Isabelle , Fierro Leslie A. , Tremblay Melissa
Published: April 2024

There is a growing need for evaluation capacity building (ECB) in community organizations; however, learning opportunities for both organizations and post-secondary students are limited, particularly opportunities to apply evaluation concepts in practice. This practice note describes four initiatives and highlights the ways in which experiential learning can be leveraged through community-university collaborations to provide responsive, hands-on ECB for both students and community organizations. The authors discuss the unique contributions of these initiatives and considerations for designing and implementing similar initiatives.
¿Donativos de dinero público?… ¡en Jalisco hay para RATO!
Authors: González Güitrón Paulina
Published: April 2024

En Jalisco, 2008 terminó siendo un año que estuvo marcado por los “donativos y las mentadas” del gobernador del estado, Emilio González Márquez. Sin embargo, el cuento no paró ahí: en 2009 también llegaron donativos, y particularmente nos interesa consignar que, entre otros, en esta ocasión fueron beneficiados empresarios que manejan la radio y la televisión en el estado, al obtener cuarenta millones de pesos de dinero público, como un apoyo para la construcción de “El Palacio de la Cultura y la Comunicación”.
Usos de las lenguas y visiones del egreso entre mujeres indígenas que cursan la diplomatura intercultural wichí-castellano (Salta, Argentina)
Authors: Ossola María Macarena , Rodríguez Nuria Macarena , Morales María Silvia
Published: April 2024

El objetivo del artículo es ofrecer un recorrido por las experiencias de mujeres indígenas que cursan estudios universitarios en el marco de la Diplomatura en Interpretación y Traducción Intercultural Wichí-Castellano para el Acceso a la Justicia, dictada por la Universidad Nacional de Salta (Salta, Argentina). Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa y desde una perspectiva etnográfica se presentan sus experiencias en relación con el uso de las lenguas (wichí-castellano) y las visiones que tienen respecto del egreso de la diplomatura. En los resultados se señalan las especificidades de los modos en que se aprenden y utilizan ambas lenguas en sus trayectorias escolares, y las particularidades que tiene el acceso a la universidad siendo mujeres. En las conclusiones se destaca el impacto positivo de la diplomatura entre las mujeres wichí, ya que habilita la construcción de nuevos proyectos de vida en este sector poblacional.
Mathematical simulation of transverse cut in the fiber of a composite reinforced with unidirectional fibers with linear cohesion cracks
Authors: Mehtiyev Rafail
Published: April 2024

In the reviewed paper, the case of a transverse displacement plane with two pairs of biperiodic (corresponding to the X and Y axes) cohesive cracks of unequal size, weakened by biperiodic circular holes, is considered. The circular holes are filled with reinforcing fibers and the surface is covered with a thin homogeneous non-metallic material of the same thickness. In this case, boundary issues between filler and coating, coating and matrix, and boundary issues along cohesion cracks are determined. For both cases, the solution to the problem is sought in the form of an analytical function with complex variables. According to the boundary conditions of the case, a system of unequal algebraic equations is found along the holes, and singular integral equations are constructed along the cohesion cracks. Currently, the singular integral equations are brought to the system of finite linear algebraic equations with the help of mathematical transformations. Both systems are solved together using the Gaussian method and the crack growth is determined using the stress intensity factor formulas at the crack tips. During the solution of the problem, the stress intensity coefficients at the end are found by the variation of the length of the cracks based on the radius of the circular holes.
Sustainability in athlete nutrition
Authors: Akay Gülsena , Öksüz Abdullah
Published: April 2024

A sustainable nutrition model it is aimed to reduce environmental impact by ensuring food and nutrition security. Foods have effects on the environment. The main environmental impacts are greenhouse gas emissions, water footprint and agricultural land use. This is important in terms of affecting climate change. The environmental effects of foods of animal based are greater than those of plant based. Proteins are defined as an important nutrient in atheletes due to their effects on muscle development and muscle repair. Athletes have more energy and protein requirements than sedentary individuals. Foods of animal origin contain higher amounts and better quality protein than foods of plant origin. For this reason, the nutritional models applied by the athletes have the potential to create a high environmental impact. Athletes diversification of their diet with both plant based and animal based foods a positive effect on health and optimal sports performance. Current unsustainable nutritional systems have introduced alternative protein sources such as edible insects, edible algae and synthetic meat. Nutrition services in the organizations that athletes participate in should also include sustainability practices. This study aimed to evaluate sustainability specifically in sports nutrition.
Influence of organic acids on organoleptic and structural and mechanical properties of freshwater hydrobiont meat
Authors: Holembovska Nataliia , Slobodianiuk Nataliia , Israelian Valentyna , Androshchiuk Oleksandr , Maceyko Volodymyr
Published: April 2024

Research on the use of organic acids in freshwater fish conservation in aquaculture farms is gaining importance due to the growing interest in the quality and safety of fish products. The purpose of the study was to create and substantiate a new technology for preserving freshwater fish with the addition of spicy root vegetables, and in pretreatment of raw materials with organic acids. During the study, carp were treated with salt and various concentrations of organic acids, stored under certain temperature conditions. Sensory assessment, pH, and shear boundary stress were used to evaluate the results, and chemical analysis was performed using a penetrometer and potentiometric method. Based on the findings, a scientifically based technology for preserving freshwater fish with the addition of spicy root vegetables with a fundamentally new method of treatment of raw materials with organic acids has been developed to expand the scope of application of fish products that will have a higher biological value. It was found that at the initial stages of processing, no noticeable organoleptic changes were observed in the samples under study. Comparative analysis of the results confirmed the positive effect of acetic acid at a concentration of 1.0%, for tartaric acid, the best effect was determined with the addition of 0.5-1.0%, and for citric acid, the study indicates that its use does not lead to softening of muscle tissue, indicating the feasibility of its use. Studies have confirmed the use of pretreatment of semi-finished products of salted carp treated with 1.0-1.5% malic acid for 60 minutes to obtain a tender, juicy, and soft consistency, which corresponds to 5 points in the sensory assessment. According to the results of the conducted studies, the positive effect of using organic acids to soften carp meat in the production of preserves from freshwater fish was established. The practical significance of the study is to improve the technologies of meat processing and food production, and to determine the optimal conditions for preserving the taste and texture qualities of meat products
Use of unmalted cereals with enzyme preparations in brewing
Authors: Loiko Sergii , Romanova Zoriana , Zheplinska Mariia , Romanov Mykola , Vasyliv Volodymyr
Published: April 2024

The use of unmalted grain is one of the methods for improving quality, reducing production costs, and creating new types of beer. However, the enzymatic activity of such raw materials is zero, so the use of enzyme preparations is relevant. The purpose of the study was to compare the quality indicators of 100% malt beer and beer with the replacement of malt with unmalted barley using enzymes. Methods of technical and chemical analysis were used to determine the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of beer. Recommendations have been developed for intensifying the preparation of wort using various types of grain raw materials – unmalted barley and rice grits with the addition of enzyme preparations from Novozymes (Denmark) at different stages of brewing were developed. When testing new enzyme preparations (β-glucanase complex, xylanase), the filtration time, wort viscosity, and the content of β-glucans and arabinoxylans decreased by about 20% compared to the control samples. The use of a new enzyme preparation resulted in better breakdown of substances, which affected the quality and duration of filtration. This leads to an improvement of wort quality, reducing the duration of the process and reducing the cost of raw materials. To ensure the required ratio of substances in the wort, it is necessary to introduce complex enzyme preparations – peptidhydrolase, α-amylase, endo-β-glucanase (Ceremis Plus). Preparations containing endo-β-glucanase (Ultraflo Max) should be used at the beginning of mashing to improve the rheological properties of the wort and reduce its viscosity, which improves the filtration process. To obtain beer with the required degree of fermentation during mashing, it is better to use new enzyme preparations (glucoamylase). The practical significance of the study lies in the use of large amounts of unmalted grain together with exoenzymes such as Ultraflo Max and Ceremis Plus, which will allow brewers to produce wort and beer of the same composition and quality as premium wort and beer, using only malt
РROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Lanchenko Yevhenii , Ivchenko Volodymyr
Published: April 2024

Small business is characterized by a flexible mechanism of adaptation to the changing conditions of the market environment in the economy, as well as non-economic influencing factors, etc. In the conditions of Ukraine, the permanent military threat of the russian federation can be attributed to the latter, which changes the conditions for the functioning of small business entities in agriculture, since the satisfaction of the population's primary needs for food and the employment of labor in rural areas depend on it. The subject of research covers the theoretical and practical principles of the development of small business entities in the agrarian sector of the economy. The purpose of research is to substantiate the directions of prospective development of small business entities in agriculture based on the analysis of indicators of their economic activity in recent years. Research methods: abstract-logical; monographic; statistical and economic, systematic approach, etc. The essence of all subjects of small entrepreneurship in agriculture is summarized and defined on the basis of the organizational, legal and social and economic principles of their development; perspective directions for the production of less capital-intensive and more labor-intensive types of agricultural products by small business entities are substantiated, taking into account their current economic condition; directions for supporting the development of small agrobusiness in rural communities and the transformation of part of rural households into farming and other types of small business entities thanks to organizational and financial and material support at the level of territorial communities have been determined.
Organizational and financial and material support for the development of small agribusiness entities will ensure a decrease in unemployment, an increase in added value, labor productivity, labor income in the agrarian sector of the economy, and will contribute to the development of rural areas and communities. Practical implementation: the formation of agrarian and regional policy for the development of the economy and territorial communities, the process of developing projects of state and local programs for the development of the agrarian sector of the economy and rural areas.
Efficacy of adaptogens in preventing and correcting stress-induced conditions
Authors: Altanova Alona , Korolyova Tetyana
Published: April 2024

The accumulated evidence base confirms the effectiveness of adaptogen use in depression, fatigue, psycho-emotional burnout, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and sexual dysfunctions, cognitive disorders, memory impairment, sleep disorders, anxiety and behavioral disorders, headaches, decreased immune defense, and other conditions, the main etiological factor of which is chronic stress.

However, despite the urgent need within Ukrainian society for the development of adequate stress management mechanisms and the expansion of the arsenal of tools for controlling stress and its consequences, exacerbated by post-COVID and wartime realities, this gap in the field of public health and promotion of healthy and quality living remains unfilled. Adaptogens, despite their accessibility and proven effectiveness, have not become widely known and frequently used means of controlling chronic stress in the population.

An analytical review of information was conducted on resources such as PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Bookshelf, and MEDLINE, which are databases of scientific literature provided to the public by the National Library of Medicine of the United States (NLM), as well as domestic scientific sources.

Since practically the entire population of Ukraine is potentially at risk of developing stress-induced conditions and illnesses due to the conditions of war, the article explores the possibilities of their prevention and correction through the use of adaptogens.

The research results include a review of the most commonly used health protection adaptogens in global practice, such as Rhodiola Rosea, Panax Ginseng, Eleuthero, Ashwagandha, Cordyceps Sinensis; summarizing information on the evidence of using phyto-adaptogens.

The article serves as a promotion of mental health and justification of evidence-based therapeutic and preventive approaches.
Association between fluctuations in oxytocin levels in blood and saliva and cognitive impairment in a patient with coronary heart disease before and after coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors:   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Mihailova O.V. ,   Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation,   Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Petrova M.M. ,   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Lopatina O.L. ,   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation,   Siberian Federal University; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Kaskaeva D.S. ,   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Borovleva A.V. ,   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

Aim. To assess the dynamics of cognitive status and oxytocin levels in biological fluids (blood and saliva), as well as their relationship before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. Key points. According to the literature, postoperative cognitive dysfunction occurs in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. The reasons for its development are factors that influence the preoperative, operational and postoperative stages. Timely diagnosis of cognitive deficit is extremely important, since the more pronounced the cognitive impairment, the less opportunities there are to provide assistance to patients. In this clinical observation, special attention is paid to oxytocin as a biomarker of degenerative brain lesions. Conclusion. We identified the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in a patient who did not have such disorders before surgery. There is a direct relationship between the state of cognitive functions and the level of oxytocin in the blood and saliva. Taking into account the data obtained, we propose to consider oxytocin as a biomarker of vascular cognitive disorders. Keywords: coronary heart disease, coronary artery bypass grafting, cognitive status, oxytocin, postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
INCREASING THE RADAR CONTRAST OF TWO OBJECTS SIMULTANEOUSLY OBSERVED BY THE SHIP RADAR USING THE ENERGY MATRIX OF LOSSES.
Authors: Ревенко В.Ю. , Сафін І.І. , Лукашук Ю.В.
Published: April 2024

The article discusses an increase in the radar contrast of two objects simultaneously observed by a ship's radar using information about the loss of power of an electromagnetic wave irradiating these objects after its interaction with their surface or internal structure. It is shown that the scattering or reflection of electromagnetic energy from the surface or from the internal volume of an object is associated with the conductivity of the object surface or the dielectric constant of a volume object, the internal structure of which consists of scattering and absorbing particles of different sizes, shapes, and dielectric constant. An algorithm is considered for determining the matrix of losses of electromagnetic energy during scattering or reflection by objects, which makes it possible to increase the contrast of objects by changing the polarization of the irradiated wave Key words - radar contrast, objects, radar observation, loss matrix, radar basis, scattering matrix, object's own basis.
CONTROL OF THE BALLAST SYSTEM AT OF SUBMERSIBLE MARINE VESSELS DURING CARGO OPERATIONS
Authors: Палагін О. М.
Published: April 2024

Сучасні тенденції в розвитку суден погружного типу, що використовуються для перевезення великогабаритних і нестандартних вантажів вимагають використання нових підходів до технології їх експлуатації. На перше місце виступають вимоги до підвищення надійності їх роботи при хвилюванні морської поверхні і скорочення термінів проведення вантажних операцій. На цих суднах в силу специфіки їх конструкцій під час операцій занурення або спливання завжди присутня велика проблема. Йдеться про виникнення і подальший хаотичний рух великих паразитних повітряних обсягів у середині заповнених водою баластних танків судна. Через їх великий об’єм, а значить і високі інерційні характеристики завжди має місце посилення хитавиці судна. Також виникають високі додаткові навантаження на корпус судна, що досить часто призводить до аварійних ситуацій. Може йти мова навіть про втрату вантажу або затоплення судна.
INFLUENCE OF THE PRESENCE OF ALUMINUM FIBER ON THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF PARAFFIN AND STEARIN ACIDS AS PHASE TRANSITION MATERIALS FOR HEAT STORAGE SYSTEMS
Authors: Хлієва О. Я. , Паскаль О. А.
Published: April 2024

Останні роки у судноплавній промисловості все більше приділяється уваги енергозбереженню та зниженню викидів парникових газів. Доволі суттєва кількість палива споживається на судні під час його перебування у порту в очікуванні вантажних операцій для обігріву приміщень та паливних баків. У той же час, протягом знаходження судна у морі, теплота відпрацьованих газів двигунів не використовується у повної мірі через її надлишок. Згладити такі нерівномірності у надходженні теплової енергії та її споживанні на судні можна за допомогою термоакумуляторів [1, 2, 3]. Актуальним також є застосування термоакумуляторів в системах опалення та гарячого водопостачання з використанням відновлюваних джерел енергії (перш за все енергії сонця).
ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS MOTOR OILS OF MARINE DIESELS
Authors: Сагін С.В. , Столярик Т.О.
Published: April 2024

The analysis of the performance characteristics of engine oils used in the lubrication systems of marine diesel engines is carried out. The requirements for oils for various purposes are given. Recommendations on the choice of engine oils for lubricating and circulating lubrication systems of marine low- and medium-speed diesel engines are proposed.
REMOTE CONTROL OF SHAFT ROTATION FREQUENCY DIESEL
Authors: Мацерук В. В. , Корбан В. Х.
Published: April 2024

The paper considers and analyzes the radio wave method and device for remote control of the crankshaft speed of a marine diesel engine, based on measuring the actual Stokes parameters, the value of which determines the phase difference between the orthogonal components of an electromagnetic wave reflected from the rotating crankshaft of a marine diesel engine. Keywords: speed, crankshaft, marine diesel, Stokes parameters, electromagnetic wave, phase difference, horn antenna, orthogonal components
ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS-DEFORMED STATE PISTONS OF A LOW-SPEED MARINE ENGINE WINGD RT-FLEX50D
Authors: Савчук В.П. , Зінченко Д.О. , Самарін О.Є. , Дзигар А.К., , Котов А.І.
Published: April 2024

Постановка проблеми у загальному вигляді. Поршні сучасних двигунів внутрішнього згоряння є найбільш напруженими елементами, на які діють сили різної природи. Існує безліч науково-дослідних робіт, що направлено на вдосконалення геометрії, матеріалів та технологій їх виготовлення. Однак на сьогодні існує безліч факторів, що впливають на зміну технічного стану деталей поршневої групи малообертових двигунів внутрішнього згоряння (ДВЗ). Механізми пошкодження мають різну природу та найбільш вагомими серед них є чинники, що пов’язані із впливом теплових та механічних навантажень. Враховуючи складність конструкції поршнів сучасних малообертових двигунів (МОД), найбільш досконалим методом дослідження їх напружено-деформованого стану (НДС) є метод скінчених елементів (МСЕ).
DETERMINATION OF FUEL LEAKS THROUGH PRECISION DIESEL NOZZLE SPRAY
Authors: Черемісін В.І. , Бабенчук М.С.
Published: April 2024

У паливних системах дизелів без розвантаження нагнітального трубопроводу від залишкового тиску протічки палива в гидравлічно нещільному розпилювачі відбуваються як у процесі упорскування, так і в період між упорскуваннями [2,4]. Проведені експерименти по визначенню цих двох видів протічок і впливу їх на процес паливоподачі [5] дозволили встановити, що при знаходженні голки у верхнього упору корпуса форсунки забезпечується гарне ущільнення, що повністю усуває протічки палива через прецизійну частину розпилювача. Таким чином, на режимах номінальних і середніх навантажень, коли в процесі упорскування голка більшу частину часу перебуває у верхнього упору, протічки палива практично відсутні, а на процес паливоподачі суттєво впливають тільки протічки палива в період між упорскуваннями, які і потрібно досить надійно вміти розраховувати.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MARINE DIESEL BOOSTING PROCESS
Authors: Ратайчук О. В. , Сагін С. В.
Published: April 2024

Постановка проблеми в загальному вигляді. Робочий цикл суднового двигуна внутрішнього згоряння (ДВЗ) складається з послідовності окремих, але поєднаних процесів: наповнення циліндра свіжим повітрям; стиснення суміші свіжого повітря та залишкових газів до температури, що забезпечує надійне самозаймання палива; згоряння палива, розширення продуктів згоряння, випуску та продування. Перебіг робочого циклу, та отримання корисної роботи від його здійснення не можливо безупинної подачі повітря у циліндр дизеля, яке забезпечує та здійснює не лише процес згоряння, а також процеси очищення циліндра від випускних газів (ВГ) та його наповнення. Подача повітря у циліндр дизеля здійснюється за допомогою системи наддува и виконується турбокомпресором (ТК). Потужність, яку може розвивати дизель, безпосередньо залежить від кількості повітря і палива, які надходять в циліндри дизеля. Значить домогтися підвищення потужності двигуна можна шляхом збільшення кількості цих складових. Збільшення кількості палива марно, якщо одночасно не збільшується об'єм повітря, необхідний для його згоряння. Одним з рішень цієї проблеми є збільшення обсягу повітря, що надійшло в циліндри, при цьому спалювання великої кількості палива дає можливість отримати більшу енергію та перетворити її у корисну роботу. Розв’язання цього завдання неможливе без підвищення ефективності процесу наддува дизелів, що встановлені на суднах річкового та морського транспорту
PEACE AT ALL COSTS
Authors: Frieberg Annika Elisabet
Published: April 2024

Although it was characterized by simmering international tensions, the early Cold War also witnessed dramatic instances of reconciliation between states, as former antagonists rebuilt political, economic, and cultural ties in the wake of the Second World War. And such efforts were not confined to official diplomacy, as this study of postwar rapprochement between Poland and West Germany demonstrates. Drawing on a wide range of sources, Peace at All Costs follows Polish and German non-state activists who attempted to establish dialogue in the 1950s and 1960s, showing how they achieved modest successes and media attention at the cost of more nuanced approaches to their national histories and identities.
CINEMATICALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE
Authors: Hales Barbara
Published: April 2024

Propaganda played an essential role in influencing the attitudes and policies of German National Socialism on racial purity and euthanasia, but little has been said on the impact of medical hygiene films. Cinematically Transmitted Disease explores these films for the first time, from their inception during the Weimar era and throughout the years to come. In this innovative volume, author Barbara Hales demonstrates how medical films as well as feature films were circulated among the German people to embed and enforce notions of scientific legitimacy for racial superiority and genetically spread “incurable” diseases, creating and maintaining an instrumental fear of degradation in the German national population.