bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Extraordinary Long-lasting Infrared Echo of PS16dtm Reveals an Extremely Energetic Nuclear Outburst
Authors: Jiang Ning , Luo Di , Zhu Jiazheng , Cutri Roc M.
Published: February 2025

PS16dtm is one of the earliest reported tidal disruption events (TDEs) in active galactic nuclei and displays a remarkably bright and long-lived infrared (IR) echo revealed by multiepoch photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). After a rapid rise in the first year, the echo remains persistently at a high state from 2017 July to 2024 July, the latest epoch, and keeps an almost constant color. We have fitted the extraordinary IR emission with a refined dust echo model by taking into account the dust sublimation process. The fitting suggests that an extremely giant dust structure with a new inner radius of ∼1.6 pc and an ultrahigh peak bolometric luminosity, i.e., ∼6 × 1046 erg s−1 for typical 0.1 μm-sized silicate grain, is required to account for the IR echo. This work highlights the distinctive value of IR echoes in measuring the accurate intrinsic bolometric luminosity and thus the total radiated energy of TDEs, which could be severely underestimated by traditional methods, i.e., probably by more than 1 order of magnitude in PS16dtm. Such large energetic output compared to normal TDEs could be boosted by the preexisting accretion disk and gas clouds around the black hole. Our model can be validated in the near future by IR time-domain surveys such as the Near-Earth Object Surveyor, given the recent retirement of WISE. In addition, the potential for spatially resolving a receding dusty torus after a TDE could also be an exciting subject in the era of advanced IR interferometry.
Unique Features and Reforms of the Korean Healthcare System
Authors: Park Hyoung Wook
Published: February 2025

Korea's healthcare system has forcibly incorporated private doctors and private medical institutions into the National Health Insurance, which is known as the Compulsory Designation System for Healthcare Institutions. This system is connected to multiple regulatory layers. In addition to these structural contradictions, increasing civil and criminal liabilities imposed on medical professionals have accelerated the exodus from essential medical services. The 2024 essential healthcare policy package proposed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the rapid expansion of medical school admissions completely ignored the structural problems of Korea's healthcare system. Primarily, the Korean healthcare system must restore systemic coherence. If regulations not imposed on the general public are applied to physicians in the name of public healthcare, a system must be created within which the advancement of medical services and the quality of life for physicians can be ensured. This is the only way to advance public healthcare in Korea.
Diagnosis of Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome I in a Patient with Suspected Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Park Jong Eun , Han Sang-Woong , Yu Mi-Yeon
Published: February 2025

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) typically manifests as genetic disease, which is commonly attributed to mutations in PKD genes. In this particular case, however, genetic analysis revealed that the patient’s PKD is linked to a novel, likely pathogenic variant (c.2184del; p.Thr729Leufs*88) in the oral-facial-digital syndrome type I (OFD1) gene. This is the first confirmed genetic diagnosis of mutations in the OFD1 gene in Korea. This investigation emphasizes the critical utility of panel sequencing of PKD in offering precise diagnosis and understanding the genetic profiles of PKD.
Porosités fécondes
Authors: de Blic Damien , Bleil Susana
Published: February 2025

Littérature et sciences, en particulier sociales, ont beau diverger par la démarche et le mode d’écriture, la première a largement puisé dans les secondes. Les problématiques contemporaines encouragent ces convergences.
Des « monstres » réhabilités
Authors: Tuduri Claude
Published: February 2025

Depuis toujours s’opère une alternance d’oublis et de réhabilitations des œuvres littéraires, mettant en lumière des crises de lisibilité. Comment un grand texte voyage-t-il à travers le temps ?
Le nouveau front de l’adaptation
Authors: Lafage Marie-Hélène
Published: February 2025

Face au défi climatique, la notion d’adaptation s’est progressivement imposée en complément de celle d’atténuation. Contrairement à une idée reçue, elle ne se réduit en rien à un ajustement technique, mais ouvre à de profonds questionnements politiques.
Mille vies
Authors: Chaillou Aurore
Published: February 2025

Les voix de prisonnières et prisonniers mexicains s’entrecroisent et se font écho dans ce récit choral, interrogeant, entre les lignes, le sens de la peine.
Précisions sur la fin du monde
Authors: Mallet Loïs
Published: February 2025

En comparant les postures effondriste et écologiste, Yves Cochet met en exergue, dans son ouvrage, les actions politiques à mener, alors même qu’il tient l’effondrement pour certain
The Effects of Nursing Assistant Work on Academics, Anxiety, and Clinical Judgment
Authors: Reed Janet Marie , Aller Loretta , Ferdig Richard E.
Published: February 2025

Background

Nursing students increasingly are working as nursing assistants (NA) while pursuing their nursing education. The literature discusses both the stressors and benefits of students working as an NA during nursing school; however, there is limited research on the direct effects of students having NA experience during nursing school.

Method

This repeated measures study examined the effects of NA experience on grade point average, anxiety levels, and clinical judgment in simulation among undergraduate nursing students.

Results

No significant differences were found in grade point average or anxiety levels between nursing students with and without NA experience. However, nursing students with at least 12 months of NA experience demonstrated significantly higher clinical judgment in individual simulations, particularly in the responding phase of Tanner's model.

Conclusion

Although NA work experience may not significantly affect grade point average or anxiety, it may enhance nursing students' clinical judgment, particularly when they respond to clinical situations.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2025;64(2):91–97.]
Overcoming Obstacles: The Stories of Nursing and Psychiatric Nursing Students With Disabilities
Authors: Thomson Andrea E. , Baxter Catherine , Brasseur Nicole , Magnusson Michelle , Dyck Sherri
Published: February 2025

Background

Efforts should be made to promote inclusion of people with disabilities within nursing education. However, nursing students have reported inaccessible educational instruction, challenges accessing accommodations, and discriminatory practices.

Method

Narrative inquiry was used to explore the stories of six nursing and psychiatric nursing students who self-identify with disabilities.

Results

The stories shared included experiences during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, self-disclosure, use of accommodations and adaptive technology, experiences of stigma, and overcoming obstacles. The narratives highlighted the added challenges of balancing classroom requirements with clinical practice responsibilities. As a result of the competing demands, participants experienced burnout.

Conclusion

Despite legislative mandates, inclusive practices in nursing education continue to be overlooked. Focusing on strengths, providing appropriate accommodations, and fostering a culture of inclusivity and support can ensure aspiring nurses have equal opportunities to pursue their education and contribute to the nursing profession.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2025;64(2):109–114.]
Exercise and Sports Participation in Pediatrics
Authors: Gupta Aditi , Tran Matthew , Harris Tyler
Published: February 2025

The benefits of maintaining a physically active lifestyle in children and adolescents go beyond physical health, extending to improvements in social, mental, and emotional well-being. Focus is shifting from exercise restriction to exercise advocacy not only in the general population but also in patients with congenital and other types of heart disease. Pediatricians must be knowledgeable about the latest recommendations and debates regarding the preparticipation physical evaluation and exercise recommendations for a diverse population. This article provides a brief summary of exercise physiology and a review of worrisome symptoms with exercise. We then discuss preparticipation screening evaluations and review activity recommendations in children with heart disease with the goal of keeping as many young patients as active as possible for long-term cardiovascular health.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2025;54(2):e64–e69.]
Chest Pain in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Krishnan Sangitha
Published: February 2025

Chest pain is a common presenting complaint in children and adolescents that often causes significant anxiety for both the patient and their families. Unlike in adults, the majority of chest pain in pediatrics is noncardiac in nature. The following article outlines the important elements of the history and physical, as well as ancillary tests, that can help differentiate between the noncardiac causes of chest pain. It also highlights high-risk features concerning for cardiac causes of chest pain that require further evaluation by a pediatric cardiologist. The most common cardiac causes of chest pain are discussed, as well as the initial management and treatment for the general pediatric provider.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2025;54(2):e57–e63.]
Food Allergy Induced Anaphylaxis: An Overview
Authors: Harries Michael
Published: February 2025

Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical treatment and evaluation. The prevalence of food allergies has risen during the last few decades, resulting in increased awareness of the potential for anaphylactic reactions and the need for patient and parent education around how to properly treat a reaction in the nonhospital setting. This article will address the epidemiology, patho-physiology, diagnostic criteria, and treatment of anaphylaxis. While anaphylaxis can result from exposure to non–food allergens (ie, medication, insect stings, environmental allergens), this article will specifically focus on the role of food allergies in anaphylaxis.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2025;54(2):e47–e49.]
Du paysage industriel au paysage de l’eau. La trajectoire paysagère originale d’un ancien faubourg industriel, Meurthe-Canal à Nancy
Authors: Barbier Léopold
Published: February 2025

Nancy, ville moyenne de l’Est de la France, connait, à partir du milieu du XIXème siècle, l’essor d’un quartier industriel sur des terrains inondables, entre la rivière et le cœur historique de la ville, présentant toutes les caractéristiques du paysage d’un faubourg industriel. Au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, ce faubourg industriel périphérique décline et, à partir des années 1980-1990, de grandes opérations d’urbanisme sont envisagées pour renouveler un espace devenu dysfonctionnel. Après avoir maîtrisé un cours d’eau capricieux et transformé en profondeur la partie centrale du quartier, le front du renouveau urbain concerne maintenant et tout particulièrement la partie Nord du quartier, avec une évolution notable dans la prise en compte des héritages industriels encore présents dans le paysage. Dès lors, comment peut-on caractériser des grandes trajectoires paysagères du quartier : les paysages industriels hérités sont-ils valorisés, ignorés, détruits, intégrés dans une nouvelle transition qui privilégie les paysages fluviaux en ville ?
Le lexique des circonscriptions et la qualification des territoires dans les œuvres savantes et les sources documentaires, en latin, langues romanes et arabe : quelques orientations méthodologiques
Authors: Boissellier Stéphane
Published: February 2025

La réflexion proposée aux contributions de ce dossier part du concept de « co-spatialité » : au moins à partir du xe siècle, le lien social et l’autorité s’articulent de façon suffisamment complexe – avec une importance décisive, souvent sous-estimée par la focalisation sur les « grands territoires », des communautés locales – pour que les territoires servent de cadres à des actions différenciées, sans être parfaitement emboîtés. C’est probablement dans le domaine politique que l’autorité publique s’exerce de la façon la plus claire (malgré le maquis des droits féodaux), d’où notre intérêt pour les « circonscriptions » à valeur administrative. Mais cela n’exclut pas d’étudier la spatialisation d’autres pratiques sociales, en partie liées au pouvoir, comme la propriété du sol ou le culte religieux… Dans ce contexte de grande diversité et de coordination inachevée des acteurs et des actions, les mots désignant les unités territoriales, depuis la parcelle de terre jusqu’à la principauté monarchique, constituent l’entrée la plus évidente, au prix d’une contextualisation exigeante, à la fois linguistique et sociale. Les usages culturels des scribes seront particulièrement scrutés, en ayant toujours en arrière-plan – quand les sources le permettent – l’emploi des mots par les simples usagers, qui ne sont pas décideurs politiquement mais dont les pratiques langagières s’imposent, en dernière instance.
Social Media Adoption Effect on Innovation and Perceived Business Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Sri Lanka
Authors: De Silva A. L. W. Thushari , Samarakoon S. M. A. K. , Malalage G. S. , Amaratunge S.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effects of social media adoption on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs') perceived business performance, focusing on the Galle district. Employing a deductive approach, a conceptual model was developed and tested, examining social media adoption's direct and indirect influences on SMEs' performance, mediated by innovation. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed among SME owners, CEOs, or top management members. Convenience sampling was utilized, drawing from the Sri Lanka Small and Medium Industries (SLCSMI) Board's register of registered establishments in the Galle district. From the initial 165 organizations sampled, responses from 116 SMEs were received after eliminating those indicating no or poor social media adoption. The direct effect of social media on net profit growth (NPG) is not statistically significant, suggesting that there is no significant linear relationship between social media and NPG after accounting for the mediator variable (innovation). The indirect effect of social media on NPG through the mediator variable (innovation) is also not statistically significant.These results imply that while there may be a relationship between social media, innovation, and NPG individually, the relationship between social media and NPG may be mediated by the variable innovation, and this mediation effect is not statistically significant in this analysis. These findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of social media adoption in the context of SMEs, highlighting its potential to enhance business performance. Additionally, the study underscores the need for improved data infrastructure to facilitate more comprehensive research and policymaking in Sri Lanka's SME sector.
Up in smoke: Identifying signs, symptoms, and risk factors of lung cancer among smokers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqahtani Jaber S.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

For the early detection and prevention of lung cancer, it is critical to know how smokers are aware of warning signs, symptoms, and risk factors for this disease.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia to evaluate the smokers’ awareness of lung cancer’s signs, symptoms, and risk factors.

RESULTS:

Only 54% of smokers recruited (n = 1317) were aware of lung cancer symptoms with 56% of smokers expressing low confidence in recognizing them. The commonly missed symptoms include persistent shoulder pain (38%), prolonged cough (49%), and finger shape changes (49%). Around 73% were aware of lung cancer risk factors and the top known risk factors were smoking (75%), radon gas (65%), and air pollution (57%). Male and light smokers had higher knowledge scores of lung cancer signs and symptoms compared to female and heavy smokers (7.82 ± 4.0 vs. 6.34 ±2.9, P < 0.001, and 7.66 ± 3.9 vs 6.98 ± 4.0, P = 0.023, respectively). Furthermore, male and light smokers had significantly greater lung cancer awareness of risk factors than female and heavy smokers (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation exists between the identifying signs and symptoms and knowing lung cancer risk factors (r = 0.71, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Heavy smokers are more likely to be unaware of lung cancer warning signs, symptoms, and risk factors than light smokers. Over 55% of smokers lacked confidence in recognizing lung cancer symptoms. Public health measures should address the specific needs of heavy and light smokers, including tailored health education initiatives considering regional and social support differences.
Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome of Primary Venous Aneurysms in the Extremities – Our Experience
Authors: Kalagani Bhavani Prasad , Singh Devender , Praveena Madavan , Aryala Shalini
Published: February 2025

Background:

Primary venous aneurysms (PVA) in extremities result in the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and chronic venous insufficiency. Owing to the rarity of these aneurysms, a consensus for their treatment has yet to be established. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to review the presentation, treatment options, and outcome of primary venous aneurysms in extremities.

Material and Methods:

We performed a retrospective analysis from June 2022 to June 2024 and found 7 patients were treated for primary venous aneurysms in extremities. A venous aneurysm was defined as saccular or fusiform with an aneurysm/vein ratio of >1.5. Patients with varicose veins, A-V fistulas, and pseudoaneurysms were excluded from this study.

Results:

There were 7 patients with primary venous aneurysms, with male preponderance (6:1). The ages ranged from 25 to 60 years. 5 aneurysms were located in the lower extremity and 2 in the upper extremity. In 3 patients, lower extremity aneurysms occurred in the deep system. Patient’s symptoms were swelling associated with pain (5) and mass (2). Thromboembolism occurred in 2 patients, DVT in 1, and PE in 1. Diagnosis was made by colour duplex scanning, Computed Tomography (CT) Venography, or magnetic resonance imaging. The aneurysm sizes ranged from 4 to 6 cm. Management consisted of tangential excision with lateral venorrhaphy in 3 (42.9%) and total excision in 4 (57.1%) patients. Postoperative anticoagulation is recommended for at least 3 months.

Conclusion:

Primary venous aneurysms in extremities are uncommon, and their presentation ranges from asymptomatic, to life-threatening PE/DVT or rupture with bleeding. Open surgical repair remains the “gold standard,” either ligation and total excision, or tangential aneurysmectomy with lateral venorrahaphy.
Outcomes and Patency of Vascular Mimetic Stents in Long-segment Femoral Artery Lesions
Authors: Nandan Vemuri , Ramswamy Chandrashekar Anagavalli , Gowda Suhas S , Desai Sanjay C , Neeli Devee Krishna Sashidhar , Kumar Vinay
Published: February 2025

Background:

Long-segment femoral artery lesions are challenging to treat, with vascular mimetic stents offering a promising solution.

Aims and Objectives:

To evaluate the outcomes and patency rates of vascular mimetic stents over a 2-year follow-up.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study of 50 patients analyzed demographics, lesion characteristics, patency, and amputation-free survival rates across follow-up periods (3 months to 2 years).

Results:

Patients had high rates of comorbidities, including Diabetes Mellitus (84%) and smoking (72%). Most presented with Rutherford class 5 ischemia (82%). Primary patency rates were 95.5%, 86.4%, 84%, and 74.7% at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively. Reinterventions occurred in 4 patients, and 5 underwent major amputation, with a 90% amputation-free survival rate at 2 years.

Conclusion:

Vascular mimetic stents provide durable patency and favorable outcomes for femoral artery lesions, emphasizing the need for ongoing follow-up.
The Intricate Relationship between Fungal Infections and Cancer: Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Mandal Subhranshu , Sengupta Sankar , Mandal Chandan
Published: February 2025

In recent times, there has been a growing curiosity among scientists to investigate the intricate relationship between fungal infections and the development of cancer. This new area of study has illuminated the pathogenesis of cancer in many forms, especially in immunocompromised individuals. With the use of toxins and virulence factors, fungal pathogens can seriously harm host cells, start a protracted inflammatory response, and impair immunity. These intricate mechanisms create an environment that is perfect for tumor growth and metastasis. A class of carcinogens formed from fungi called aflatoxins has been explicitly connected to hepatocellular carcinoma, a prevalent kind of liver cancer. Beyond hepatocellular carcinoma, fungal infections also have an effect on the development of other cancers. Strong evidence has been found in studies to support the role of fungus in the pathophysiology of several cancers, such as those of the esophagus, stomach, colon, lung, cervix, skin, and ovary. It has been discovered that fungal infections hinder the formation of tumor immunity, encourage persistent inflammation, and impede the host immune system’s ability to fight off infections. Furthermore, the intricate relationship between fungus, host immunity, and carcinogenesis has been highlighted by recent research that has shown the intricate involvement of the microbiota-fungal axis in forming the tumor microenvironment. Developing novel techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatment requires an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between fungal infections and cancer. In an effort to comprehend the intricate web of interactions between fungal and host cells, researchers are actively working to discover critical pathways and biological targets implicated in the development of cancer. Scientists intend to create novel treatment strategies that can break the symbiotic interaction between the fungus and cancer cells by comprehending the underlying mechanisms. It has been demonstrated that fungal infections impair the immune system’s capacity to identify and eradicate cancer cells, which promotes the formation of tumors. In the event of a fungal infection, efforts are presently being made to identify immunological checkpoint molecules and other immunomodulatory targets that can be utilized to restore antitumor immunity. In addition, researchers are exploring the potential of antifungal agents as adjuncts to cancer therapy.
Perceptions and Attitudes of Female Medical Students toward Surgical Specialties: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alshammari Sulaiman A. , Alshamlani Lamia K. , Alomar Manar A. , Almatrafi Montaha A. , Alfirm Sadeem B. , Bohulaigah Zinab H. , Aldahmashi Dana H.
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Despite the growing interest of female medical students in surgical careers, numerous barriers continue to impede their progress. The objective of this study was to find out the perceptions and factors influencing female medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, regarding their pursuit of a surgical career.

Methods:

A total of 439 female medical students from various universities in Riyadh participated in a cross-sectional survey conducted between March and April 2024. The survey included questions on demographics, interest in surgical careers, perceived barriers, and attitudes toward surgical education. The data were analyzed to identify critical factors influencing the interest in surgery.

Results:

The study found that 50.3% of the participants expressed interest in pursuing a career in surgery, with general surgery, neurosurgery, and cardiothoracic surgery being the most popular subspecialties. Key barriers identified included family and social commitments (52.6%), long working hours, heavy workloads (46.9%), and gender discrimination (45.6%). Public perception of female surgeons was rated as reasonable by 51.3% of the students. In addition, attendance of surgical courses and educational level considerably influenced students’ interest in surgery (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that although a substantial number of female medical students are interested in surgical careers, various barriers, particularly those related to family, workload, and gender discrimination, hinder their aspirations. Addressing these barriers through supportive policies and educational reforms can enhance women’s participation in surgery and ultimately benefit the healthcare system by fostering a more diverse surgical workforce.
Distribution of High-risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Cervical Smear Samples and Evaluation of ASC-US, LSIL, and HSIL Results
Authors: Tanik Eylul Beren , Bakir Ayfer , Turkmenoglu Tugba Taskin , Erdem Gul
Published: February 2025

Context:

High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is the most common viral pathogen responsible for cervical cancers. Determining the rates of HPV positivity, genotypic distribution, and obtaining regional epidemiological data can provide guidance for preventive strategies.

Aims:

This study aims to assess HPV positivity rates, age distribution, genotyping in abnormal cytologies, and then obtain regional epidemiological data.

Settings and Design:

Descriptive study.

Materials and Methods:

This study included 3510 women aged ≥18, whose cervical smear samples were examined at the Microbiology Laboratory. HPV detection and genotyping in cervical smear samples were performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Pap smears were evaluated according to the Bethesda system.

Statistical analysis used:

SPSS 23 (IBM Corp.) software was utilized for the statistical analysis of the data.

Results:

The positivity rate for hrHPV infection was 10%. The most common genotype was other hrHPV. The rate of multiple hrHPV positive infections was 13.6%. The highest hrHPV positivity was observed in the age group ranging from 18 to 24 age group (28.7%). HPV infections were higher in abnormal cytologies (P < 0.001), with the highest positivity in LSIL (P < 0.001). The risk of having LSIL and HSIL cytology in HPV-positive individuals was 32.59 times higher than that in HPV-negative individuals (OR = 32.59; 95% CI 16.42–64.66).

Conclusions:

The hrHPV positivity was 10%, with other hrHPV strain infections being the most detected, followed by HPV 16. Due to the high detection of other hrHPV strain positivity in patients with abnormal cytology, conducting regional studies determining each hrHPV type separately, monitoring the natural course of infection with types other than HPV 16 and HPV 18, and benefiting vaccine studies are considered essential.
Exploring the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Adolescent Health and Behavior: Implications for Adverse Childhood Experience-informed Policies and Practices
Authors: Thein Shwe Sabai , Thepthien Bang-On
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

This study delves into the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the development of health issues and behavior in adolescents. The objective is to refine our understanding of the trajectory of health problems associated with ACE exposure among this demographic.

Methods:

Data from the 2022 round of the Bangkok Behavior Surveillance Survey were scrutinized in this cross-sectional study. Participants, comprising 5740 students from 36 educational institutions in Bangkok, responded to an online questionnaire. The questionnaire, consisting of 15 items, explored various ACEs. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between ACE exposure levels and health indicators.

Results:

Findings revealed that 78.1% of participants reported at least one ACE, with a higher prevalence among females. ACE exposure (0 [ref], 1, 2, 3, 4, 5+) was associated with various health and behavioral indicators compared to no ACE, including substance use (conventional cigarettes odds ratio [OR] 1.94–4.51, e-cigarettes OR 2.16–2.80, alcohol OR 1.46–3.44, marijuana OR 2.18–3.09, Kratom OR 2.05–3.93, illicit drugs OR 2.61–3.01), engagement sexual activity OR 1.55–3.26, and mental health concerns (anxiety OR: 2.39–10.11, depression OR: 1.98–14.26, suicidal thoughts OR: 2.03–13.21, self-harm OR: 2.98–8.09, and stress OR: 1.65–6.88). Female students with ACE histories exhibited poorer mental health, whereas male students demonstrated a higher propensity for substance abuse.

Conclusion:

This study underscores a compelling correlation between ACE exposure levels and a spectrum of negative health effects and risky behaviors among adolescents. Those reporting five or more ACE exposures exhibited heightened vulnerability to adverse health conditions.
Enhancing Energy Access: Mapping Biomass Resources for Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Authors: Adejumo Ayoade
Published: February 2025

Nigeria, a major producer of petroleum in the world is currently grappling with a serious energy insufficiency as result of inactivity of her four petroleum refineries often repeated disruptions of the national electricity grid. Importation of refined petroleum products to address the energy shortage has not brought the desired relief as the subsidy regime keeps making the intervention more difficult to interpret for active participation of key players. The natural gas pipeline failure has not been of help because consumers daily seek for alternatives to natural gas utilization due to regular insufficient pressure to meet demand requirements. These, coupled with several challenges associated with fossil fuels utilization including climate change, require that Nigeria embraces biomass as an additional key driver to increase her energy mix. An extensive literature review has been carried out in this paper to identify the major biomass available in the country while their characteristics and spatial distribution are also reported. The technology required for harness to achieve significant intervention so that the present hardship facing Nigerians in accessing energy carriers that will meet up with their demand can be mitigated is identified and reported. The paper concludes that huge benefits await Nigeria if her abundant biomass resources can be trapped into the energy basket of the country
Improved HRV Analysis in ECG Data: A Comparative Study Using MATLAB Code, Kubios, and gHRV
Authors: Attar Eyad Talal
Published: February 2025

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis is a vital tool in assessing autonomic nervous system regulation and cardiovascularhealth. This study explores improved HRV analysis techniques by employing MATLAB code and comparing its performance withwidely used software tools, Kubios and gHRV. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data from ten subjects under four distinct conditions -baseline, rest, Stroop color task, and meditation - were collected and analyzed. The study focuses on developing and implementingnovel algorithms in MATLAB for HRV estimation, providing a comprehensive comparison against existing methods. The studyexamines the accuracy and reliability of HRV analysis results obtained through MATLAB implementation in contrast to Kubiosand gHRV. The MATLAB code is optimized for enhanced computational speed and accuracy, allowing for real-time processingof ECG data. The results indicate significant improvements in HRV analysis using the proposed MATLAB implementation. Theproposed MATLAB code and Kubios have similar accuracy for the High-Frequency feature, with 85% accuracy. gHRV, on theother hand, has 100% accuracy for PNN50, indicating its high accuracy in matching reference data. The comparative analysisdemonstrates the diverse HRV metrics across different experimental conditions. Additionally, the results highlight the differencein the study approach between Kubios and gHRV, showcasing its potential for widespread adoption in clinical and researchsettings.This study not only presents an advanced HRV analysis methodology but also provides valuable insights into the reliability ofexisting software tools. The findings offer researchers and clinicians an informed choice when selecting HRV analysis tools fortheir specific applications, ensuring accurate and efficient assessment of cardiovascular health and autonomic nervous systemfunction. Further investigations and validations are warranted to establish the robustness and generalizability of the proposedmethodology across diverse populations and experimental paradigms
Feature Selection for Hypertension Risk Prediction Using XGBoost on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Data
Authors: Muflikhah Lailil , Fatyanosa Tirana Noor , Widodo Nashi , Perdana Rizal Setya , Solimun  , Ratnawati Hana
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a prevalent and serious condition affecting a significant portion of the adult population globally. It is a chronic medical issue that, if left unaddressed, can lead to severe health complications, including kidney problems, heart disease, and stroke. This study aims to develop a feature selection model using the XGBoost algorithm to identify specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as biomarkers for detecting hypertension risk. Methods: We propose using the high dimensionality of genetic variations (i.e., SNPs) to build a classifier model for prediction. In this study, SNPs were used as markers for hypertension in patients. We utilized the OpenSNP dataset, which includes 19,697 SNPs from 2,052 samples. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) is an ensemble machine learning method employed here for feature selection, which incrementally adjusts weights in a series of steps. Results: The experimental results identified 292 SNPs that exhibited high performance, with an F1-score of 98.55%, precision of 98.73%, recall of 98.38%, and overall accuracy of 98%. This study provides compelling evidence that the XGBoost feature selection method outperforms other representative feature selection methods, such as genetic algorithms, analysis of variance, chi-square, and principal component analysis, in predicting hypertension risk, demonstrating its effectiveness. Conclusions: We developed a model for predicting hypertension using the SNPs dataset. The high dimensionality of SNP data was effectively managed to identify significant features as biomarkers using the XGBoost feature selection method. The results indicate high performance in predicting the risk of hypertension.
FIT4PEDON: Mobile Nutrition Counseling Application Effectiveness and Usability for Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Bavatharani R. , Supriya V. , Scott Julius Xavier , Sankaranarayanan Suresh
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Conventional face-to-face nutrition counseling has played a crucial role in promoting healthy habits. However, the emergence of digital health technologies has introduced mobile app-based nutrition counseling as an effective alternative. This research aims to develop and evaluate the usability and effectiveness of the FIT4PEDON mobile nutrition counseling application in promoting healthy dietary behaviors and lifestyle modifications among childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both survey and qualitative and quantitative analyses. A total of 33 health care professional experts participated. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using the Kuder-Richardson method, and its content validity was confirmed through expert evaluation. Usability testing was conducted with a validated questionnaire. Results: The development process resulted in two applications: an Android mobile application and an admin web application. The findings indicated that a significant proportion of experts endorsed the app for dietary management. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between “yes” and “no” responses. However, no significant differences were found when comparing responses across different sex or age groups. Conclusions: The FIT4PEDON application shows promise in supporting CCS to adopt healthier lifestyles. Nevertheless, the study underscores the necessity for further research, particularly focusing on specific age groups of experts with relevant experience, to achieve more conclusive results. Leveraging technology through mobile apps has the potential to improve the quality of survivorship care and foster sustained engagement in long-term care for pediatric cancer survivors.
Utility of Treatment Pattern Analysis Using a Common Data Model: A Scoping Review
Authors: Park Eun-Gee , Kim Min Jung , Kim Jinseo , Shin Kichul , Ryu Borim
Published: February 2025

Objectives: We aimed to derive observational research evidence on treatment patterns through a scoping review of common data model (CDM)-based publications. Methods: We searched the medical literature databases PubMed and EMBASE, as well as the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) website, for papers published between January 1, 2010 and August 21, 2023 to identify research papers relevant to our topic. Results: Eighteen articles satisfied the inclusion criteria for this scoping review. We summarized study characteristics such as phenotypes, patient numbers, data periods, countries, Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM databases, and definitions of index date and target cohort. Type 2 diabetes mellitus emerged as the most frequently studied disease, covered in five articles, followed by hypertension and depression, each addressed in four articles. Biguanides, with metformin as the primary drug, were the most commonly prescribed first-line treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most studies utilized sunburst plots to visualize treatment patterns, whereas two studies used Sankey plots. Various software tools were employed for treatment pattern analysis, including JavaScript, the open-source ATLAS by OHDSI, R code, and the R package “TreatmentPatterns.” Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive overview of research on treatment patterns using the CDM, highlighting the growing importance of OMOP CDM in enabling multinational observational network studies and advancing collaborative research in this field.
Data Mining to Identify the Right Interventions for the Right Patient for Heart Failure: A Real-World Study
Authors: Lee Keni , Argoubi Ramzi , Costantino Halley
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To identify the right interventions for the right heart failure (HF) patients in the real-world setting using machine learning (ML) trained on individual-level clinical data linked with social determinants of health (SDOH) data. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, point-of-care claims data from Komodo Health and SDOH data from the National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS), from January 2014–December 2020, were linked. Data mining was conducted using K-means clustering, an ML tool. Komodo Health data were used to access longitudinal data for the selected patient cohorts and crosssectional data from NHWS for additional patient information. The primary outcome was HF-related hospitalizations; secondary outcomes, all-cause hospitalization and all-cause mortality. Use of digital healthcare (DHC)/non-DHC interventions and related outcomes were also assessed. Results: The study population included 353 HF patients (mean age, 63.5 years; 57.2% women). The use of non-DHC (75.9%–81.9%) and DHC (4.0%–9.1%) interventions increased from baseline to followup. Overall, 17.0% of patients had HF-related hospitalizations (DHC, 6.9%; non-DHC, 16.5%) and 45.0% had all-cause hospitalization (DHC, 75.0%; non-DHC, 50.9%). Two archetypes with distinct patient profiles were identified. Archetype 1 (vs. 2) characterised by older age, greater disease severity, more comorbidities, more medication use, took steps to prevent heart attack/problems, had better lifestyle, higher HF-related hospitalizations (18.3% vs. 16.3%) and lower all-cause hospitalizations (42.9% vs. 46.3%). The trends remained the same regardless of the intervention type. Conclusions: Identification of patient archetypes with distinct profiles can be useful to understand underlying disease subtypes, identify specific interventions, predict clinical outcomes, and define the right intervention for the right patient.
Extreme Prototyping for a Community Health Worker Medical Application
Authors: Molon Jan Noel
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as the Philippines. To tackle this issue, the Department of Health launched the Philippine Package of Essential Non-Communicable Disease Interventions (PhilPEN), which includes the use of the Noncommunicable Disease Risk Assessment Form. However, healthcare workers have encountered difficulties due to the form’s complexity and the lengthy process required. This study aimed to create a mobile medical app for community health workers by adapting the PhilPEN Noncommunicable Disease Risk Assessment Form using the extreme prototyping framework. The focus was on simplifying data collection and improving the usability of health technology solutions. Methods: The study employed a qualitative research methodology, which included key informant interviews, linguistic validation, and cognitive debriefing. The extreme prototyping framework was utilized for app development, comprising static prototype, dynamic prototype, and service implementation phases. The app was developed with HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, and Apache Cordova, adhering to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and PhilHealth Circular. Results: The development process involved three prototype cycles, each consisting of multiple mini-cycles of feedback, system design, coding, and testing. Version 1.xx was aligned with WHO guidelines, Version 2.xx integrated the Department of Health NCD Risk Assessment Form, and Version 3.xx adapted to the updated form with expanded requirements. Conclusions: The extreme prototyping framework was effectively applied in the development of a medical mobile app, facilitating the integration of health science and information technology. Future research should continue to validate the effectiveness of this approach and identify specific nuances related to health science applications.
Interactive Engagement with Self-Paced Learning Content in a Didactic Course
Authors: Sharmin Nazlee , Houshyar Shahram , Stevenson Thomas R. , Chow Ava K.
Published: February 2025

Objectives: A growing number of health professional institutions around the world are embracing innovative technologies to increase student engagement, primarily to improve clinical and simulated learning experiences. Didactic learning is an essential component of dental and medical curricula. However, limited research is available regarding the implementation of technology-infused teaching in classroom settings. We developed self-paced interactive learning content using the HTML5 Package (H5P) to promote student engagement in a didactic course within a dental hygiene program. Methods: A total of 52 interactive artifacts were created and administered to students as supplementary learning material. A descriptive study was conducted to explore student perceptions and engagement with the H5P content, as well as to evaluate the impact of these artifacts on academic performance. Results: Students performed significantly better on exam questions associated with interactive H5P content posted in the learning management system compared to other questions. Most students were highly engaged with the H5P content during the week leading up to each summative assessment. However, two of the three students with the highest course grades demonstrated consistent engagement with this content throughout the course. Conclusions: Our results highlight the effectiveness of interactive content created using the H5P platform in fostering student engagement. The development of self-paced interactive materials may benefit various aspects of didactic teaching, including both synchronous and asynchronous online learning.
Prisión y suicidio
Authors: Argudo Palacios Aarón , González Weiss Rogelio , Sadek El Shahat Omneia , Gómez Fraguela Xosé Antón
Published: February 2025

El suicidio se ha establecido como la principal causa de muerte en las prisiones españolas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar la incidencia de suicidio en la población penitenciaria española con la población general, analizando las diferencias según sexo, edad y situación procesal (penados vs. preventivos) a lo largo de un periodo de 20 años. Los resultados revelan que la población penitenciaria presenta un riesgo significativamente mayor de suicidio en comparación con la población general, con un incremento más pronunciado en mujeres. Además, los hombres en situación de prisión preventiva muestran un riesgo mayor de suicidio frente a aquellos que ya están cumpliendo condena. Las implicaciones de este estudio destacan la necesidad de fortalecer las políticas de prevención del suicidio en el ámbito penitenciario, adaptando las intervenciones a las particularidades de género, edad y situación procesal.
Role of physiotherapists in Early detection and intervention of disabilities
Authors: Deepak Anap , Abhijit Diwate
Published: February 2025

Physiotherapists are indispensable in the early detection and intervention of disabilities. Their expertise in human movement, rehabilitation, and functional recovery enables them to identify and address potential issues long before they evolve into full-fledged disabilities. By embracing a more proactive, preventive approach to healthcare, physiotherapists can significantly reduce the burden of disability, improve patient outcomes, and contribute to healthier, more active communities. It is time to recognize and harness the potential of physiotherapists as key players in the early intervention and prevention of disability.
Clinical, Electro diagnostic & Prognostic review of Radiculopathy, Myopathy & Neuropathy
Authors: Gaurav Toshniwal , Sumeet Chikkale , Simran Jethani , Maheshwari Harishchandre , Suvarna Ganvir
Published: February 2025

Neuromuscular disorders, such as radiculopathy, myopathy, and neuropathy, are conditions that significantly impair motor and sensory functions. Differentiating between these conditions is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. Radiculopathy arises from spinal nerve root compression, presenting as radiating pain, numbness, and muscle weakness. Myopathy, a disease affecting muscle tissue, leads to muscle weakness, cramps, and fatigue, often affecting the proximal muscles. Neuropathy involves peripheral nerve damage, causing pain, tingling, and muscle weakness, especially in the distal extremities.
Electrophysiological studies, including Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) and Electromyography (EMG), are key diagnostic tools used to evaluate neuromuscular function. These tests help differentiate between nerve and muscle disorders by analysing nerve impulses and muscle electrical activity.
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and physiotherapy interventions for these disorders. The review highlights the importance of early diagnosis and tailored rehabilitation programs to improve functional independence, relieve pain, and enhance quality of life for patients suffering from these conditions.