bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals Levels in Surface Waters from Aba-lla, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Dele-Alimi T. O. , Ogunlowo V. , Akpabio C. A. , Awobode H. O. , Anumudu C. I.
Published: November 2023

Industrial effluents from when released into water bodies, could lead to changes in the physicochemical parameters of water. The physiochemical properties and heavy metal content in surface water from a river, a stream and two wells at the Aba-Ila community in Ibadan, Nigeria were evaluated using standard methods. The results for the physicochemical parameters show that pH values range between 7.1 and 7.6; Dissolved oxygen between 65.2 and 152.3%; Temperature between 26 and 29˚C. Salinity ranged between 0.15 and 0.27 ppt, Alkalinity between 0.56 and 1.28 mg/L, E.C between 301 and 538μS, Total Hardness between 5.32 and 14.50 mg/L and Turbidity between 0.10 and 0.60 NTU. All these parameters were below the WHO permissible limits. All heavy metal concentration in water samples were found to occur above the WHO permissible limits. Self-reported responses of the participants to the questionnaire seem to indicate pollution from cement quarrying site. The quality of surface water in the study area is compromised and polluted in significant proportions. A reduction in release of pollutants and fugitive dust from the factory would be ideal.
Consumer’s Preference and Perception of Different Types of Meat among Respondents in Wukari, Taraba, Nigeria
Authors: Akhigbe O. , Akaeze N. C.
Published: November 2023

The most important factor in the purchase and subsequent consumption of meat and meat products is the perception of quality, percentage of meat, freshness, price and origin. This study evaluates the consumer preference and perception of different types of met amongst residents in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria Data obtained from this study revealed Chicken was the most preferred with 34.00%, followed by chevon 22.29%, beef 19.43%, among others. In addition to being the most preferred, chicken was also the most palatable (40.9%), easiest to cook (45.1%), and believe to be the most nutritious (42.0%). Beef was rated most affordable with 52.9% and most purchased 42.57%, which makes it the most consumed meat in federal university wukari; According to this study meat is preferred to fish. A high percent of respondent in the university preferred meat from old animal and market is their most place of purchase. Most respondents eat and buy meat weekly. Income (40%) and Health (47.71%) is the factor that most limits the choice of meat and factor influencing consumption of meat.
Assessment of Toxicological Effect of Organophosphate, Malathion, on Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in 3rd Instar Larvae of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bindhani Banani , Maity S. , Maity S. , Chakrabarti I. , Saha S. K
Published: November 2023

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a type of protease that degrades and removes the extracellular matrix of the cell. Only matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) are found in Drosophila, playing different roles in the fruit fly. Malathion is a lethal insecticide which mostly affects the neurological system of Drosophila. Hence, the objective of the study was to evaluate the toxicological effect of the organophosphate ‒ Malathion ‒ on MMP-1 and MMP-2 in 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster using appropriate techniques. A total of 80 third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were taken for our experiment (40 larvae for MMP-1 and 40 larvae for MMP-2). For each assessment with 40 larvae, 20 larvae were treated with LC50 dose of Malathion and 20 larvae were taken as control sample. Casein and gelatin zymography were run at room temperature to detect MMP-1 and MMP-2 expression in both control and treated larvae sample. Expressions of both matrix metalloproteinases in treated larvae changed substantially. The level of MMP-1 increased from 35.38% to 64.62%. MMP-2 level also rose from 38.37% to 61.63%. Our result implies that an LC50 dose of Malathion may activate oxidative stress and upregulate MMP-1 and MMP-2 levels in 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila. The deleterious outcome of Malathion could be seen in other non-target organisms, including pollinators and humans. Hence, the use of such compounds should be checked to minimize the risk of insecticide toxicity.
Effect of Raw Leachate on Gills and Liver of Juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Oduh O. , Wilfred O. , Okure V. U.
Published: November 2023

The effect of toxicity of raw leachate obtained from dumpsites on Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) (n = 6) was studied under laboratory conditions with the aim of establishing its effect on the gills and liver of C. gariepinus. The physico-parameters (pH, conductivity, total dissolved solid, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand) and heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, copper and nickel) were also analyzed using standard methods. The results of physico-chemical analyses of leachate showed contamination of organics, salts and heavy metals. Furthermore, lethal concentration (LC50) of leachate effluent on C. gariepinus was determined using probit method to ascertain fish mortality.  Result revealed that C. gariepinus exposed to different concentration of raw leachate recorded increasing mortality of 0, 0, 1, 4 and 5 at 0%, 5%, 10%, 25% and 75% concentration respectively for a period of 96 hours. The colour and behavioral responses were normal in the control experiment. But there were abnormal behavior including erratic swimming and quick sudden movements in concentrated samples. Also, results of the histopathological analysis showed alterations in the gills and liver. The study concluded that raw leachate is toxic to C. gariepinus, and therefore recommends for adjusting factors enhancing anaerobic biodegradation that lead to leachate stabilization as well as treatment and monitoring of effluent released into water bodies.
Nutritional Composition of Semolina Jaggery Diet and its Effect on Reproductive Fitness of Harwich strain Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Abdulazeez R. , Yusuf H. , Suleiman H. O. , Shehu D. M.
Published: November 2023

Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the development of an organism. Drosophila melanogaster is an important model for nutritional research. The nutritional composition of semolina-jaggery diet on fecundity and filial generation output of Harwich strain D. melanogaster was studied using standard methods. Semolina- jaggery diet, which are product of wheat endosperm and cane sugar respectively are rich in carbohydrate, protein, and dietary sugars. Semolina-jaggery diet was prepared in 5%, 10% and 15% with corn flour diet as the control group. 15% semolina-jaggery had the highest percentage carbohydrate (15.12±0.30) while highest protein content was recorded in control diet (3.46±0.08). Fecundity of D. melanogaster reared on semolina-jaggery diet varied across days with 5% SJ having the highest mean number of eggs. The 10% SJ recorded the highest mean number of offspring across five generations but was lower to the offspring output of control group in all the five generations. The nutritional composition in the varying percentages of semolina-jaggery diet had significant effect on the egg laying and offspring output of Harwich strain Drosophila melanogaster.
Identification and Response of the Effect of Environmental Changes and Ecosystem Services on Biodiversity
Authors: Chelladuai G. , Pauraj P. , Iyyappan P. , Chandramohan M.
Published: November 2023

Environmental change is happening due to natural factors and human activities, which expressively mainly biodiversity. It also has the potential to reduce species that are unable to track the climate to which they are currently adapted, which could result in extinction risk. Therefore, the recent rates of species extinction are estimated to be 100 to 1000 times faster. Consequently, concerns over species extinction are warranted as it provides food for all life forms and primary health care for more than 60–80% of humans globally. Therefore, the objectives of this review is to identify the response to the effect of environmental changes and ecosystem services on biodiversity.
Histopathological, Pathomorphological and Oxidative Stress Responses of Glyphosate Exposed Probiotics Fed Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Ashade O. O. , Mbuonye A. G. , Amaeze N. H. , Amolegbe A. O. , Adedeji R. A.
Published: November 2023

This study assessed changes in tissues and antioxidant enzymatic activities of glyphosate exposed probiotics fed Clarias gariepinus. Sublethal exposure of 1/10 and 1/100 LC50 at 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2% probiotics inclusions was carried out for 28days.  Histological and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined using standard methods. Histopathological as well as structural changes and antioxidant enzyme activities in studied organs were dose dependent considering the concentration and percentage of glyphosate and probiotics respectively. Exposure at 1/10 and 1/100 LC50 erodes and destroys tissue architecture in proportionate fashion expressed as lamella erosion and necrosis in gills and liver respectively with corresponding reduced SOD, CAT and GSH activities in the liver. Regeneration and healing of tissues were more pronounced at C. gariepinus fed 0.2% probiotics 1/10 LC50 exposure level as against 0.15% probiotics 1/100 LC50 exposure level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased significantly (p < 0.05) in glyphosate probiotics fed C. gariepinus compared to 0% probiotics fed glyphosate exposed fish.  CAT and GSH were higher at 0.2% probiotics compared to control. Level of peroxidation reduced as percentage of probiotics increased with control MDA value the highest compared to those at different inclusion levels. Conclusively, probiotics can help reduce cytotoxic effects of toxicants and stressors in Clarias gariepinus at relative inclusion levels.
Cytotoxic Correlation of Selected Nigerian Ethnomedicinal Plants Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test
Authors: Muhammad A. D. , Mann A. , Fadipe L. A. , Kabiru A. Y. , Tanko E. , Yusuf M.
Published: November 2023

Cytotoxicity is the toxicity caused due to the action of chemotherapeutic agents on living cells and its mechanism lies in the ability of chemotherapeutic agents to oxidatively attack vital components inside cells, creating reactive free radicals that can cause adverse effects in the nucleus, proteins, and/or lipids. There are several ethnomedicinal plants in Nigeria used in the amelioration of several illnesses, however, information on their cytotoxic assessments are rare. Hence, the present study was to assess the cytotoxic correlation of selected Nigerian ethnomedicinal plants using brine shrimp lethality test. Data show that calculated LC50 of the extracts ranged from 83.71-265.90 μg/cm3, with K. africana having the highest anticancer activity with LC50 83.71 μg/cm3. The present result is an indicative of the presence of cytotoxic compounds that are attributable to the bioactive components with high phenolic contents derived from plant parts (fruit, leaf, seed) that accounted for the pharmacological effects or potential against various human diseases such as cancer. The cytotoxicity for the various plant parts’ extracts showed concentration dependent manner and it was determine candidate plants for isolation of cytotoxic principle.
Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins Contamination in Fish Feed from selected Retailers and Fish Farms in Southwest States, Nigeria
Authors: Sodeeq A. T. , Afolabi F. T. , Adebayo-Tayo B. C.
Published: November 2023

Mycotoxins are prevalent in fish feeds and feed ingredients resulting in colonization of fungal species. Oral feeding by fish cultured with mycotoxin colonized feed/feed ingredients could result in loss of fish. Therefore, this work was intended to assess the mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins contamination in fish feed from retailers and fish farms in Ibadan (Oyo State,), Akure (Ondo State), Osogbo (Osun State), Ijebu Ode (Ogun State) and Ikorodu (Lagos State), Southwest States, Nigeria using standard methods. A total of 17 samples made up of 5 composite fish feed samples were collected. The moisture content and the pH ranged between 1.45 – 11.85% and 6.77 – 7.64 respectively. The total fungi count ranged between 2.0 x101 – 3.0 x 103 cfu/g. All the samples that had fungal growth were also contaminated with Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin A, 86% contaminated with Zeralenone (ZON) and 43% were contaminated with Deoxynivalenol (DON). The total Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, ZON and Deoxynivalenol (DON) in the samples ranged between 0.38 – 41.1 ppb, 0.55 – 40.76 ppb, 30.20 – 140.20 ppb and 27.50 – 230.20 ppb respectively. The levels of mycotoxins contamination were within the maximum permissible limits. The Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and Fusarium chlamydosporium produced aflatoxin, Ochratoxin A, ZON and DON which ranged from 10.20 – 15.70 ppb, 0.05 – 0.2 ppb, 30.20 – 35.20 ppb and 22.0 – 37.50 ppb respectively. The presence of mycotoxin-producing fungi and mycotoxin levels in the fish feed samples is of public health concern and proper attention is needed for the control of quality of fish feed for fish consumption which in turn affect humans.
Design and Techno-economic Analysis of Ammonia Production from Human Waste via Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Sallau F. I. , Hamza U. D. , Abdulkarim A. Y. , Mohammed J.
Published: November 2023

The increasing concern on climate change has prompted scientists across the world to ﬁnd new sources of renewable and sustainable energy to reduce the over 75% of global energy dependence on fossil fuels. Improper disposal and treatment of human waste threaten the environmental and public health, and it requires immediate treatment of which anaerobic digestion comes as a rescue for effective and sustainable waste treatment technology. Hence, the objective of this work was to design and evaluate the techno-economic analysis of ammonia production from human waste (HW) via anaerobic digestion (AD) through two process schemes using Aspen Plus process simulator. The models were validated using an existing data, with 4.48 and 4.33% percentage error for the anaerobic digestion (new developed model) and anaerobic digestion with carbon capture and reuse (existing model) respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed that the AD reactors produced the best ammonia outputs at 60°C and 1 atm of 0.172 and 0.0189 kg/h respectively. The highest amount of ammonia for process schemes 1 and 2 is 0.0905 kg/h and 1.2792 kg/h for 10 L/day of organic loading rate (OLR), respectively. The organic loading rate rose as ammonia yield increased. For process scenarios 1 and 2, the best amounts are 0.1423 and 0.001609 kg/h for hydraulic retention durations of 1 and 10 days. Additionally, the net present value (NPV) values of $128,825.54 and $291,876.33, the internal rate of return (IRR) of 17 and 12%, and the payout periods of 6 and 7 years show that both schemes are promising in terms of payout period, although scheme 2 has a higher NPV than scheme 1 and a higher internal rate of return than scheme 1.
Effect of Spent Engine Oil on the Soil Properties and Growth Parameters of Green Amaranth (Amaranthus viridis Linnaeus) in a Laboratory Condition in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeko E. A. , Njoku K. L. , Ajayi A. T.
Published: November 2023

Increased discharge of spent engine oil in the environment due to increased use of automobiles and other engines and their subsequent maintenance is a matter of great environmental concern. This study assessed the effect of spent engine oil on soil properties and the growth performance of Amaranthus viridis in a laboratory setting in Lagos State Nigeria using standard methods. Viable Amaranthus viridis seeds were sown in soil contained in five plastic containers treated with 100ml, 75ml, 50ml, 25ml and 0ml (as control) of spent engine oil, separately. Each treatment had three replicates. Measurements of the plant’s leaves, leaf area and height of shoot were taken at a 7-day interval up to sixty-three days. The physicochemical parameters of the spent engine oil-polluted soil were also analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Data generated from this study were analyzed using SPSS, separating mean differences at 5% level of significance (p < 0.05). The levels of nitrogen and potassium were lower in the contaminated soil than the control while the levels of phosphorus were higher in the spent engine oil-contaminated soil. Sodium, calcium, iron and lead concentrations in soil increased with increasing amounts of spent engine oil. The spent engine oil had an effect on the pH and the total organic carbon. In comparison to the control, Amaranthus viridis grown in the polluted soil had adverse effects on the number of leaves, plant height, and leaf area. These results showed that spent engine oil affects both the quality of the soil and the growth parameters of the plant (Amaranthus viridis) which can be used to inform farmers and agriculturalists how adverse the effect of spent engine oil is to our plants and ecosystem.
Potential of Microbial-decaffeination Process: A Review
Authors: Lukman K. , Muhammad A. , Shehu D. , Babandi A. , Yakasai H. M. , Ibrahim S.
Published: November 2023

Caffeine is described as an essential naturally occurring, viable, and marketable purine alkaloids which can be degraded by bacteria; the competence of bacteria to use caffeine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen has been elucidated more than four decades ago. This paper presents a review of the potential of microbial decaffeination process using standard techniques of harvesting recent and appropriate information and data from Online and Library sources focusing on to bacterial caffeine degradation processes: N-demethylation and C-8 oxidation. These two processes were observed to be more efficient, safe, specific, and economically crucial to caffeine degradation. Various organisms have been isolated across the globe that are capable to degrading caffeine such as Klebsiella, Rhodococcus, Alcaligenes, Serratia, Phanerochaete, and Bacillus sp. Furthermore, innumerable biotechnological application of the bacterial caffeine degradation has been identified such as bioremediation of caffeine-polluted environment, bio-decaffeination, chemical production, and diagnostic tools.
Assessing the Motivation of First-year Undergraduate Students for Physical Fitness Workout and Contextual Differences at Bahir Dar University
Authors: Gashu Walle Demissie
Published: November 2023

Motivation can be seen as a major factor in improving physical exercise behavior among people. Evaluating the motivational of university students towards physical fitness workout is important to implement intervention strategies’ to increase their motivationlevel for their personal development and achievement of individual goals.This study aimed to assess university first-year undergraduate students' motivations for engaging in physical fitness workout and how those motivations related to contextual factors. The study used a cross-sectional survey design consisted of 323 sample students at Bahir Dar University. The majority age of the students (n= 216, 66.9%) were 20 years old. The adapted Exercise Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-E) was used to measure the motivation for physical fitness workout.The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t tests. The results show that overall mean of students’ motivation for physical fitness workout was below the average (2.85). The mean scores of most few motivational variables show significant statistical difference across the students religion, and residential status (p<.05).As far as major field was concerned, there was a statistically significant difference between natural and social science students in the two motivational variables: identified regulation and external motivation (p<.05,Cohen's d= -.123 & -.027). To understand the motivation of freshman students for physical fitness workout in universities, future research needs to consider the direct effect of some other contextual variables.
Conflict management and resolution: the case of Ethiopian Athletics Federation
Authors: Tahlew Ameneshewa , Abagissa Jemal , Taddese Aschenaki , Bekele Zeru
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine conflict management and resolution in Ethiopian Athletics Federation. Cross sectional survey design which incorporates both quantitative and qualitative methods was the research design of the study. The target population of the study was 284 and of these a sample of 166 respondents was selected using probability proportional sampling technique. Regarding the data collection instruments, questionnaires, interviews and document analysis were employed. The data obtained through questionnaires were analyzed using statistical tools such as frequency, standard deviation, and average. The finding of the study indicated that there were different causes and sources of conflicts in the federation. Informal relations, rent seeking and misinterpretation of rules and regulations are the major causes of conflicts. The gaps were also identified in the conflict management style and the time it takes to resolve.
Adesão e abandono ao tratamento da tuberculose: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Ribeiro Christian Santana , Duarte Neto Neemias Costa , Silva Isabelle Sampaio Gomes , Melo Marenilde Alves de Souza , Gomes Franco Celso da Silva , Sousa Maria do Socorro Marques , Queiroz Patrícia Lima , Lima Fernanda Priscila da Silva , Costa Andrea Suzana Vieira , Aragão Francisca Bruna Arruda
Published: November 2023

A tuberculose, embora seja uma doença mundialmente conhecida pelos seus impactos na população, atualmente, encontram-se diversos fatores que ocasionam falta de adesão e desistência da continuidade ao tratamento. Tendo em vista a necessidade de relatar tais fatores, objetivou[1]se analisar as causas que refletem a ausência de adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose. Trata[1]se de uma revisão integrativa, em que a busca de artigos foi executada por meio das bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, SciELO, usando os drescritores “tuberculose”, “adesão ao tratamento”, “desistência ao tratamento”, com o auxílio dos operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. Os seguintes critérios de inclusão foram adotados: artigos em português e em inglês, cujo tema tem relevância ao assunto proposto, em corte temporal entre os anos de 2011-2021. Por meio dos resultados fornecidos, constatou-se que fatores socieoconômicos e socioculturais são pontos que mais influenciam à falta de adesão ao tratamento. A baixa escolaridade, como também o acesso à informação, está presente na população caracterizada como desistente do tratamento. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário trabalho de intesificação na educação em saúde para que se possa reduzir o número na população desinformada, bem como a aplicabilidade de políticas públicas que visem a suprir as necessidades daqueles afetados por esses fatores. Como fator limitante deste estudo, aponta-se a escassez de estudos na área alinhados às formas metodológicas de analisar o objeto de estudo.
The Effect of Digital Stories in Teaching Historical Texts in Literature Class
Authors: Shokhayev Mustafa , Nurdauletova Bibaisha , Kabylov Adilet , Turysbek Rakhymzhan , Zhailovov Baktybay
Published: November 2023

In this study, the effect of digital story applications on students' achievement, attitude and learning retention in teaching the works of literary figures who produced many literary works during the independence period of Kazakhstan was examined. In the study, pre-test-post-test model with control group from quasi-experimental models was used. In the study, Kabdesh Zhumadilov's "Daraboz", "Prometei alauy", Uzakbai Dospambetov's "Kyzyl zholbarys" and "Abylaidyn aq tuy", which came to the fore in the Kazakh Literature course during the independence period, Mukhtar Magauin's tetralogy "Shingis Khan", Raphael Niyazbek's novel "Kosem" and Tursınkhan Zakenuly's "Atilla" were taught with digital stories (experimental group) and lecture method (control group). After six weeks of experimental applications, the experimental group students who applied digital stories achieved a high level of achievement, learning retention and positive attitudes in the literature subjects of the Independent Period of Kazakhstan. Based on the results of the study, suggestions for the teaching of literature and language courses and new research are put forward.
The Effectiveness of Gamification in Physical Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: El-Tanahi Nagla , Soliman Mona , Abdel Hady Hager , Alfrehat Rawan , Faid Rasha , Abdelmoneim Mona , Torki Marwa , Hamoudah Noha
Published: November 2023

The development of digital technology in leaps and bounds has resulted in offering different learning options and alternatives in physical education. In this regard, technology techniques, like gamification, have been utilized in several areas of education, leading to the identification of its several usage benefits. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies concerning how gamification would enhance students' skills in physical education. Therefore, this study systematically reviews gamification in the physical education literature from 2015 to 2022, focusing on 27 indexed papers published in international databases. Based on the results, most studies had positive findings on gamification effectiveness in physical education samples. Besides, based on the findings, gamification studies primarily focused on how physical skills can be enhanced among physical education students. The findings contribute to the way technology enhances students’ skills in physical education. To this end, more studies are required to mitigate the remaining gaps in gamification literature.
El periodismo salvadoreño de posguerra: Auge y consolidación de la prensa digital
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México, Ávalos Rivera Alexia Raquel
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es describir desde un método histórico, cómo nacieron algunos medios digitales de corte investigativo en El Salvador de la posguerra. Se evidencia el modelo de financiamiento que utilizan y que se aleja del tradicional binomio publicidad comercial y propagada del Estado que caracterizó a los medios salvadoreños por casi 100 años. A nivel teórico se toman en cuenta las nociones del periodismo en su rol de actor político, la profesionalización del periodismo y el periodismo de investigación. Se utiliza una metodología histórico-estructural, a través del contraste de fuentes primarias y secundarias para mostrar mediaciones de tipo histórico, estructural, tecnológico y económico. Se concluye que los efectos de la concentración mediática y la falta de autonomía en los medios tradicionales dieron como resultado un periodismo digital de tipo independiente que intenta ganar un espacio en el discurso público.
О КОНГРУЕНЦИЈИ ПРЕДИКАТА СА ДИСЈУНКТИВНИМ СУБЈЕКТОМ У СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ
Authors: З. Митић Ивана
Published: November 2023

У овој монографији истражујемо на који начин морфофонолошки фактори какви су линеарна блискост и синкретизам утичу на одабир контролора слагања у роду када се предикат слаже са превербалним синкретичним дисјунктивним субјектом који се састоји из два члана различитог рода и различитог броја (као у примеру 1), те са превербалним (не)модификованим дисјунктивним субјектом различитог рода и истог броја (као у примеру 2 и 3). На основу досадашњих истраживања слагања предиката са координираним субјектом, могуће је да се предикат сложи са истим чланом у роду и броју – уколико је то први члан, такав образац се именује као хијерархијско1 слагање, а ако је последњи члан, као линеарно слагање – те са различитим контролорима у роду и броју – тзв. комбиновано слагање, или да добије вредност мушког рода множине – тзв. разрешено слагање (као у примеру 4 и 5). Питање је да ли су сви ови обрасци слагања доступни и у дисјункцији, те каква је њихова опционалност, чиме се бавимо у овој монографији.
Nivel socioeconómico de los Obreros de la construcción en la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador
Authors: Fernández Aucapiña Liliana Vanessa , Fernández Aucapiña Nancy Yolanda
Published: November 2023

El nivel socioeconómico se refiere a la posición relativa de un individuo, familia o grupo en la sociedad en términos de factores económicos y sociales, esto permite clasificar a las personas en categorías o extractos en función de su ingreso, educación, ocupación y otros indicadores socioeconómicos. Por tanto, es un problema multidimensional que afecta severamente al ser humano dentro de la sociedad, generando brechas significativas de desigualdad. Por ello el estudio planteo como objetivo analizar el nivel socioeconómico de los Obreros de la construcción en la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador, dentro de la metodología se aplicó el método cuantitativo con un alcance descriptivo como técnica se utilizó de la encuesta. Los resultados indican que mantienen una buena relación familiar, posen vivienda propia, casa de inquilinato, departamento y mediagua, en lo que respecta a nivel educativo indican haber culminado la primaria; en el ámbito laboral la mayoría de los trabajadores no son calificados, cuentan con servicios de salud, y servicio higiénico lo que contribuyó a concluir que la población pertenece al quintil dos (clase media baja).
Statistical Ethics in Medical Research: A Narrative Review
Authors: Heston Thomas F
Published: November 2023

Bioethics necessitates the meticulous planning, application and interpretation of statistics in medical research. However, the pervasive misapplication and misinterpretation of statistical methods pose significant challenges. Common errors encompass p-hacking, misconceptions regarding statistical significance, neglecting to address study limitations and failing to evaluate data fragility. Historically, such statistical missteps have led to regrettable and severe adverse health outcomes for society. For instance, prominent research on hormone replacement therapy likely resulted in an increased incidence of heart attacks, strokes and cardiovascular death in postmenopausal women, rectified only after the errors were identified. Likewise, past vaccine trials have oscillated between overemphasizing and underemphasizing side effects, resulting in public harm. This narrative review scrutinizes prevalent statistical errors and presents historical case examples. Recommendations for future research include: a) ethical review boards should incorporate a more rigorous evaluation of statistical methodologies in their assessment of clinical trial proposals; b) journals should mandate that research data become open-access rather than proprietary to allow for improved post-publication peer review; and c) in addition to addressing study limitations, articles should encompass a discussion of the ethical ramifications of their findings.
Dianabol Unveiled: A Systematic Review of Methandrostenolone
Authors: Hamlaoui Khaled
Published: November 2023

Methandrostenolone, commonly known as Dianabol or Dbol, is an anabolic steroid that gained immense popularity in the 20th century due to its potential to promote muscle growth and enhance athletic performance. Originally developed for medicinal purposes, it quickly found its way into the realms of bodybuilding and sports. This research article aims to provide an in-depth review of Methandrostenolone’s pharmacology, mechanisms of action, performance-enhancing effects, potential side effects and overall health implications. We explore the scientific evidence surrounding its use, the risks associated with its misuse and the legal status of Methandrostenolone in various countries.
Síndrome de Shock Tóxico. A propósito de un caso en un paciente pediátrico
Authors: Almada Gonzalo , Paula Asurmendi María , Victoria Dematteis , Mugavero María , Marquez Marión Geraldine
Published: November 2023

El Síndrome de Shock Tóxico es una enfermedad aguda y progresiva mediada por toxinas producidas por algunas cepas de Streptococcus pyogenes y Staphylococcus aureus, caracterizado por fiebre, compromiso cutaneamucoso, hipotensión y falla multiorganica. Es un cuadro infrecuente en pacientes pediátricos, pero en las últimas décadas ha aumentado la incidencia de las infecciones invasivas por Estreptococo Beta Hemolítico del grupo A. Es fundamental el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz debido a su gravedad.
SİYASAL İLETİŞİM VE YENİ MEDYA: TÜRKİYE’DE YAZILAN LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLER ÜZERİNE ELEŞTİREL BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ÇETİN Selçuk
Published: November 2023

Öz

Siyasal iletişimde yeni medyanın etkisi dikkat çekicidir. Hem dünyada hem de Türkiye’de siyasal iletişim bağlamında literatürün belirli bir olgunluk düzeyine ulaştığı söylenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı siyasal iletişim ve yeni medya bağını ele alan tezleri incelemektir. Türkiye’de son 15 yılda yazılan lisansüstü tüm tezler ele alınmıştır. Ulusal Tez Merkezinde tez adında ya da özetinde alanın kavram seti olan siyasal iletişim geçen tüm tezler taranmış, bu tezler içerisinde yeni medya ile ilişkili tüm çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Alanın genel görünümü elde etmek için bibliyometrik analizden faydalanılmıştır. Buna göre, kaç tez yazıldığı, hangi yıllarda yazıldıkları, tezin lisansüstü düzeyi, öğretim üyesi dağılımı, hangi üniversitelerde yazıldıkları, hangi Anabilim Dallarında yapıldıkları, tezlerde kullanılan araştırma yöntem ve veri toplama teknikleri, en sık kullanılan anahtar sözcükler ve incelenen konular ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma yöntem ve veri toplama teknikleri ile incelenen konular arasında niteliksel değerlendirmeler sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın bulgularını ise şu şekilde özetlemek mümkündür: Türkiye’de siyasal iletişim ve yeni medya ilişkisini arayan çalışmaların niceliksel artışına rağmen niteliksel açıdan bazı eksiklikleri bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Alana büyük ölçüde ana-akım iletişim çalışmaları egemendir. Teknolojik aracın sunduğu imkanlar siyasal aktörün kullanım pratiklerine indirgenmiştir. Araştırmacılar, elde ettikleri verileri nicelleştirme yoluna gitmiş bunu yaparken de karşıt siyasal aktörlerle nicel verileri mukayese etmişlerdir. Araştırmaların nicel veriye dönüşmesi alana dair kapsayıcı ve nitelikli sonuçların ortaya çıkmasını engellemektedir. Siyasal aktörün yeni medya ortamlarını kullanım pratikleri araştırmaların merkezine oturmaktadır. Bu mecralarda siyasal aktörün mesajlarına maruz kalan yurttaşların siyasal mesajları nasıl alımladığına dair bir kavrayış çalışmalarda büyük ölçüde mevcut değildir. Siyasal katılım açısından yurttaş yönlü yapılan çalışmalarda da benzer şekilde nicel araştırmalara başvurulmuştur. Bu durum siyasal katılıma yönelik derinlikli araştırmaların mevcut olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, siyasal iletişim ve yeni medya ilişkisini arayan araştırmalarda eleştirel yaklaşımların alana sunacağı katkı ile bazı öneriler geliştirilerek tamamlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Siyasal iletişim, Yeni Medya, Yeni İletişim Teknolojileri
Reinfección fatal por virus SARS-CoV-2. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Maldonado Coronel Fausto Vinicio , Maldonado Vaca Leticia Renee , Cofre Zapata Karen Raquel , Allauca Tingo Gabriela Patricia , Escobar Valverde Daniela Alejandra , Haro Chávez María del Pilar
Published: November 2023

Introducción: En diciembre de 2019 se produce un brote de coronavirus causante de neumonía atípica, luego declarado pandemia en marzo del 2020. A la fecha se ha reportado más de 186 millones de casos y cerca de 4 millones de muertes a nivel mundial. La inmunidad luego de la primera infección aún está en el centro de investigación, con reportes de pérdida de inmunidad, lo que sugiere que tanto recurrencias como reinfecciones son probables. Presentación de caso: Paciente femenina de 54 años de edad, ocupación enfermera. Primera consulta en cerco epidemiológico con síntomas leves, se realiza examen de reacción en cadena de polimerasa a tiempo real (PCR-RT) en hisopado nasofaríngeo, con resultado positivo para SARS-CoV-2. Después de 21 días presenta PCR-RT negativo volviendo a sus actividades habituales. Tres meses después la paciente presenta alza térmica, tos, disnea e hipoxemia, tomografía de tórax típica COVID 19, PCR-RT positivo para SARS-CoV-2, inmunoglobulinas positivas. La paciente requirió ventilación mecánica invasiva y evolucionó con falla multiorgánica y miocarditis, con choque e hipoxemia refractarios, falleciendo luego de 22 días de hospitalización en cuidados intensivos. Conclusiones: Se presenta un caso de una trabajadora de la salud con alta sospecha de reinfección severa por SARS-CoV-2 con criterios clínicos imagenológicos moleculares y epidemiológicos. Se ha reportado pocos casos en el mundo de reinfección, los que en su mayoría fueron documentados como casos de enfermedad leve, en nuestro caso se trató de una reinfección fatal por SARS-CoV-2.
Recomendaciones de uso de los marcadores inmunohistoquimicos p16/Ki67 para el cribado y diagnóstico de las lesiones del cérvix uterino
Authors: Naranjo Logroño Iván Enrique , Ruiz Chico Alison Tamara , Herrera Abarca Jéssica Magali , Naranjo Coronel Anthony Alfonso , Zumárraga Pozo Cristian Alberto
Published: November 2023

Introducción: Las lesiones del cérvix uterino representan un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial y en la región de las Américas. Es imprescindible su reconocimiento precoz antes de la progresión y malignización. Objetivo: Determinar el uso de biomarcadores p16/Ki67 y la sobreexpresión de ellos como apoyo al diagnóstico histológico y su utilidad para reducir la variabilidad diagnostica de lesiones cervicales pre-invasivas e invasivas del cérvix uterino. Método: Revisión no sistemática en la literatura que recopila y sintetiza evidencia científica de actualidad en idioma inglés y español; obtenida en bases de datos como PubMed, Elsevier, Academic Google, Scopus, UpTodate, Scielo, Science direct utilizado como descriptores de búsqueda: cáncer cervical, biomarcadores, p16/Ki67, virus papiloma humano. Resultados: Se seleccionan 68 artículos en la base documental del archivo y en cuya data bibliográfica se incluyen 36 artículos entre estudios originales de revisión sistemática y repositorios institucionales de los últimos 5 años. Discusión: Las infecciones por VPH oncogénicos se asocian a la expresión de algunas moléculas celulares (p16/Ki67) que pueden utilizarse como biomarcadores de lesión y/o de progresión que aumentan la concordancia diagnóstica en estas lesiones y con una sensibilidad y especificidad próximas al 90 y 80%. Conclusión: La citología cervical tiene una sensibilidad limitada y no proporciona una especificidad mayor respecto a la aplicación y uso de biomarcadores como p16/Ki67. El uso de esta técnica dual ha mostrado ser más prometedor para reconocer lesiones cervicales pre-malignas.
Uso de vacunas contra el COVID-19 en mujeres embarazadas y niños, ¿qué dice la evidencia?
Authors: Rojas Pérez Lino Arturo , Cruz Basantes Blanca Herminia , Rojas Cruz Lino Arturo , Rojas Cruz Augusto Ernesto , Rojas Cruz Andrés Eduardo , Villagómez Vega María Daniela
Published: November 2023

Introducción: La vacuna para el COVID-19 es una las mejores estrategias para prevenir la enfermedad y sus complicaciones. Objetivo: Determinar la seguridad y viabilidad de las vacunas contra la COVID-19 en los adultos mayores, adultos, jóvenes y principalmente en mujeres embarazadas y niños. Metodología: Se utilizó una pregunta clínica bajo el formato PICO para la búsqueda de información y revisó bibliotecas científicas virtuales como Cochrane, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, EBSCO, Pub Med, ACCESSSS, Elsevier, Medline, National Institutes of Healt, Centers for Disease Control and Preventtion además de buscadores como UptoDate, DynaMed, Mendeley, Google Scholar. Resultados: Se encontraron 52 artículos científicos que cumplen con los criterios de selección propuestos. Discusión: La administración de las vacunas contra el COVID-19 ha disminuido la propagación y las probables complicaciones que puede desencadenar esta patología, y el uso en gestantes y en niños es una alternativa que se podría utilizar de acuerdo con la evidencia actual para su mejor protección, se recomienda la vacunación en gestantes a cualquier edad gestacional y ya se ha autorizado el uso en niños de 12 años o más. Conclusiones: El COVID-19 es una patología que ha causado una de las mayores tragedias sanitarias, económicas y sociales a nivel global. La administración de las vacunas contra esta enfermedad es una de las mejores estrategias, sobre todo en gestantes y niños.
Terapia farmacológica de la COVID 19. Una revisión.
Authors: Montero López Izaida Liz , Herrera Santillán Daniela Lisseth , Morocho Moreno Nataly Rocío , Ochoa Azuero Angie Daniela , Parco Lemachi Joselin Dayana
Published: November 2023

Introducción: A finales del 2019 en Wuhan, China, se reportó el origen de una nueva enfermedad infecciosa con alta capacidad zoonótica denominada COVID-19, cuya etiología radica en el virus SARS- CoV-2. Dicha enfermedad, se ha propagado a escala mundial, incrementándose el número de contagios y muertes de forma exponencial. Esto ha conllevado a que no existan fármacos específicos para su tratamiento; sin embargo, hasta la fecha, su manejo terapéutico se basa en el reposicionamiento de medicamentos aprobados clínicamente. Objetivo: Analizar la efectividad de la terapia farmacológica empleada en el manejo de síntomas y/o complicaciones de la COVID-19, considerando la evidencia publicada y su balance riesgo-beneficio. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica de tipo narrativa, cuya información ha sido obtenida de Bases de Datos científicas con restricción de artículos publicados en los últimos 2 años. Resultados y discusión: Fueron revisados un total de 80 artículos científicos, de los cuales se realizó una selección de 46, que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión propuestos. Varias clases de medicamentos como antivirales, antiparasitarios, inmunoterapia, antihistamínicos, antihipertensivos, antibióticos, corticoesteroides, antiagregantes plaquetarios, vitaminas, broncodilatadores, entre otros, han demostrado ser eficaces en el tratamiento y continúan evaluándose fármacos con actividad antiviral. Conclusión:    A la luz de los conocimientos actuales, se cuenta con fármacos efectivos para el tratamiento de diferentes síntomas y/o complicaciones asociados a la enfermedad causada por SARS-CoV-2, pero, aunque existen varios candidatos terapéuticos con actividad in vitro, no hay estudios concluyentes sobre fármacos que inhiban de manera efectiva la replicación viral en humanos.
Severidad de autismo en hijos menores de 12 años y niveles de depresión y estrés parental. Riobamba. Ecuador. 2019
Authors: Ochoa Saeteros Diana Ximena
Published: November 2023

El estrés parental se ve potenciado de acuerdo a la magnitud del problema que manifiestan sus hijos con autismo, sean estos físicos o psicológicos, y el tiempo que duran, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre la severidad de autismo de hijos menores de 12 años y niveles de depresión y estrés de sus madres y padres, el estudio se realizó en una muestra de 31 cuidadores de personas con Autismo del cantón Riobamba, provincia de Chimborazo. La investigación es descriptiva, correlacional, transversal y no experimental, tuvo una duración de 10 meses, a partir de octubre del 2018. Las técnicas de investigación fueron una encuesta sociodemográfica - socioeconómica y las escalas de escala de valoración del autismo (CARS), inventario para la depresión de Beck y  forma breve del índice de estrés parental (PSI/SF). Entre los principales resultados se destaca un alto número de madres responsables del cuidado de sus hijos, con un nivel de instrucción superior o tercer nivel e ingresos económicos superiores al salario básico en su mayoría, todos los menores de 12 años tienen Autismo, la mayoría presenta autismo ligero, todas las madres/padres presentan un nivel de estrés medio. Finalmente se concluye que, sí existe relación entre el nivel de autismo que presentan los hijos menores de 12 años con respecto al nivel de estrés de sus madres/padres, lo que no ocurre con respecto al nivel de depresión; se destaca, por tanto, la importancia de formular directrices de atención psicológica e impulsar redes de apoyo social.
Características clínicas y métodos diagnósticos del dengue
Authors: Teruel Ginés Rolando , Leyva Montero María de los Ángeles , Flores Trujillo Esteban Israel
Published: November 2023

Introducción: El dengue es una enfermedad viral aguda transmitida a través de la picadura del mosquito Aedes aegypti, manifestándose con distintos signos y síntomas característicos, siendo más frecuente en climas tropicales y subtropicales, debido a su incremento en los últimos años en el mundo, el personal médico debe estar capacitado para identificar la presentación clínica y métodos diagnósticos. Objetivo: Describir información actualizada y resumida a la comunidad científica para mejorar la praxis médica actual, con respecto a las manifestaciones clínicas y métodos diagnósticos del dengue. Metodología: Es una revisión narrativa, se desarrolló una búsqueda bibliográfica con las palabras claves: “características clínicas y dengue" y "métodos diagnósticos y dengue”. Las bases de datos utilizadas para la búsqueda de los artículos incluyeron: PubMed, SciELO, SpringerLink, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Dialnet, entre otras. Resultados: Se identificaron 59 investigaciones entre artículos originales, revisiones bibliográficas y casos clínicos, de los cuales 31 cumplieron con los criterios para ser incluidos en la revisión bibliográfica. Discusión: El cuadro clínico puede cursar de manera asintomática, presentarse con síntomas leves similares a la gripe o cuadros de hemorragias graves potencialmente mortales; con respecto a los métodos diagnósticos existen métodos eficaces como: RT-PCR, serología de anticuerpos, PCR, antígeno de la proteína no estructural, LFT y aislamiento del virus. Conclusión: El dengue es un problema de salud pública que requiere atención y actualización de información sobre sus aspectos clínicos y diagnósticos, con el fin prevenir su alta morbilidad y mortalidad.
Improving Student' Historical Thinking Skills Using the Inquiry-Based Learning Model
Authors:   Department of History Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia Jl. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121, Umamah Nurul , Masruroh Refita ,   Department of History Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia Jl. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121, Sumardi Sumardi ,   Department of History Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia Jl. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121, Marjono Marjono ,   Department of History Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia Jl. Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is verifying students' historical thinking skills using the inquiry-based learning model. Inquiry-based learning model can involve students actively in the process of building knowledge through research questions to conduct investigations. The research method used is a quasi-experimental with one group pre-test post-test design. The paired sample t test results show the sig (2-tailed) value is 0.000 which means that the value is less than 0.05. The result of this study indicate that there is a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test of the ability of historical thinking skills of students after participating in learning using the inquiry-based learning model. Based on the results of this study, to improve historical thinking skills, it is necessary to apply a learning model that fosters simple inquiry activities and presents real-life phenomena in the classroom. Inquiry-based learning is one of the new breakthroughs.