bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complete Genome Sequence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain VHProbi V38, Isolated from Kimchi Soup
Authors: Cui Hongchang , Zhang Jingyan , Duan Zhi
Published: October 2022

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
strain VHProbi V38 is a traditional lactic acid bacterial probiotic that has been commercialized for several years. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of this strain. Sequencing yielded a 3,197,704-bp genome and 3,050 protein-coding genes.
Draft Genome Sequences and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes of Five Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Bovine Milk
Authors: Ashraf Shoaib , Naushad Sohail , Si Wei , Bilal Muhammad , Ijaz Muhammad , Huang Hongsheng , Zhao Xin
Published: October 2022

Staphylococcus aureus
is one of the most important bacterial pathogens causing bovine mastitis, which leads to huge economic losses worldwide. Here, we report draft genome sequences and antimicrobial resistance gene profiles of five
Staphylococcus aureus
strains that were isolated from bovine milk in Pakistan.
Benchmarking Community-Wide Estimates of Growth Potential from Metagenomes Using Codon Usage Statistics
Authors: Weissman J. L. , Peras Marie , Barnum Tyler P. , Fuhrman Jed A.
Published: October 2022

Microbes dominate nearly every known habitat, and therefore tools to survey the structure and function of natural microbial communities are much needed. Metagenomics, in which the DNA content of an entire community of organisms is sequenced all at once, allows us to probe the genetic diversity contained in a habitat.
Clinical Outcomes of Eravacycline in Patients Treated Predominately for Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Alosaimy Sara , Morrisette Taylor , Lagnf Abdalhamid M. , Rojas Leonor M. , King Madeline A. , Pullinger Benjamin M. , Hobbs Athena L. V. , Perkins Nicholson B. , Veve Michael P. , Bouchard Jeannette , Gore Tristan , Jones Bruce , Truong James , Andrade Justin , Huang Glen , Cosimi Reese , Kang-Birken S. Lena , Molina Kyle C. , Biagi Mark , Pierce Michael , Scipione Marco R. , Zhao Jing J. , Davis Susan L. , Rybak Michael J.
Published: October 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii
, particularly when carbapenem resistant (CRAB), is one of the most challenging pathogens in the health care setting. This is complicated by the fact that there is no consensus guideline regarding management of
A. baumannii
infections.
Leishmania major Strain-Dependent Macrophage Activation Contributes to Pathogenicity in the Absence of Lymphocytes
Authors: Alshaweesh Jalal , Nakamura Risa , Tanaka Yuka , Hayashishita Mizuki , Musa Abu , Kikuchi Mihoko , Inaoka Daniel Ken , Hamano Shinjiro
Published: October 2022

Disease manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) range from self-healing cutaneous lesions to chronic forms of the disease, depending on the infectingLeishmaniasp. and host immune protection. Previous works on mouse models of CL show the distinct pathogenicity ofLeishmania majorstrains in the absence of lymphocytes.
Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in China Reveals the Key Gene Features Involved in Epidemic Transmission and Adaptive Evolution
Authors: Xu Zhen , Yuan Chao
Published: October 2022

Staphylococcus aureus
is an important Gram-positive pathogen that is epidemic worldwide and causes various infections in humans and domestic animals. However, there has been relatively little research on comprehensive molecular epidemiology in China.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam, Ceftazidime-Avibactam, and Cefiderocol against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recovered at a German University Hospital
Authors: Weber C. , Schultze T. , Göttig S. , Kessel J. , Schröder A. , Tietgen M. , Besier S. , Burbach T. , Häussler S. , Wichelhaus T. A. , Hack D. , Kempf V. A. J. , Hogardt M.
Published: October 2022

After testing ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, and cefiderocol against a collection of 233 multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, we showed that cefiderocol is the most active antipseudomonal β-lactam agent (susceptibility rates were 46.6%, 48.4%, and 97.4%, respectively). The most prevalent one was sequence type 235 (ST235) (24.7%), followed by ST244, ST175, and ST233, with all belonging to the top 10
P. aeruginosa
high-risk clones with worldwide distribution.
Diversity of Dictyostelid Cellular Slime Molds, Including Two Species New to Science, in Forest Soils of Changbai Mountain, China
Authors: Zou Yue , Hou Jiangan , Guo Songning , Li Changtian , Li Zhuang , Stephenson Steven L. , Pavlov Igor N. , Liu Pu , Li Yu
Published: October 2022

Dictyostelium robusticaule
and
Heterostelium recretum
are two new species of dictyostelids reported in this study. The potential use of
atp1
sequences is a complement of SSU rDNA sequences for the identifying dictyostelids.
Sugar Modification of Wall Teichoic Acids Determines Serotype-Dependent Strong Biofilm Production in Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Park Myungseo , Kim Jinshil , Horn Liz , Haan Jisun , Strickland Ali , Lappi Victoria , Boxrud David , Hedberg Craig , Ryu Sangryeol , Jeon Byeonghwa
Published: October 2022

Biofilm formation on the surface of foods or food-processing facilities by
L. monocytogenes
is a serious food safety concern. Here, our data demonstrate that the level of biofilm production differs among serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b depending on the temperature.
Comprehensive Genomic Characterization of Marine Bacteria
Thalassospira
spp. Provides Insights into Their Ecological Roles in Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Exposed Environments
Authors: Kayama Go , Kanaly Robert A. , Mori Jiro F.
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive investigation of multiple genomic data sets from targeted microbial taxa deposited in databases may provide substantial information to predict metabolic capabilities and ecological roles in different environments. This study is the first report that details the functional profiling of
Thalassospira
spp. that have repeatedly been found in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-exposed marine bacterial communities by using genomic data from a new isolate,
Thalassospira
strain GO-4, and other strains in databases.
Adolescents hospitalised for suicidality: biomarkers, social and affective predictors: a cohort study
Authors: Nugent Nicole R , Armey Michael , Boker Steven , Brick Leslie , Knopik Valerie , McGeary John E , Spirito Anthony , Mehl Matthias R
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The present research examines genomics and in vivo dynamics of family context and experienced affect following discharge from psychiatric hospitalisation for suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of a new model, description of model-guided integration of multiple methods, documentation of feasibility of recruitment and retention and a description of baseline sample characteristics.

Design

The research involved a longitudinal, multimethod observational investigation.

Setting

Participants were recruited from an inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric hospital. 194 participants ages 13–18 were recruited following hospitalisation for STB.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Participants underwent a battery of clinical interviews, self-report assessments and venipuncture. On discharge, participants were provided with a phone with (1) the electronically activated recorder (EAR), permitting acoustic capture later coded for social context, and (2) ecological momentary assessment, permitting assessment of in vivo experienced affect and STB. Participants agreed to follow-ups at 3 weeks and 6 months.

Results

A total of 71.1% of approached patients consented to participation. Participants reported diversity in gender identity (11.6% reported transgender or other gender identity) and sexual orientation (47.6% reported heterosexual or straight sexual orientation). Clinical interviews supported a range of diagnoses with the largest proportion of participants meeting criteria for major depressive disorder (76.9%). History of trauma/maltreatment was prevalent. Enrolment rates and participant characteristics were similar to other observational studies.

Conclusions

The research protocol characterises in vivo, real-world experienced affect and observed family context as associated with STB in adolescents during the high-risk weeks post discharge, merging multiple fields of study.
Reasons for referral and referral compliance among Congolese and Burundian refugees living in Tanzania: a community-based, cross-sectional survey
Authors: Enumah Zachary Obinna , Rafiq Mohamed Yunus , Manyama Frank , Ngude Hilary , Juma Omar , Sakran Joseph V , Stevens Kent
Published: October 2022

Objectives

In order to prevent overburdening of higher levels of care, national healthcare systems rely on processes of referral, including for refugee populations which number 26 million globally. The goal of this study is to use data from a population-based household survey to describe patterns of referral services among a population of Congolese and Burundian refugees living in Tanzania.

Design

Cross-sectional survey using cluster randomised sampling.

Setting

Nyarugusu refugee camp, Kigoma, Tanzania.

Participants

153 refugees.

Primary outcome

Referral compliance.

Secondary outcomes

Proportion of referrals that were surgical; proportion of referrals requiring diagnostic imaging.

Results

Out of 153 individuals who had been told they needed a referral, 96 (62.7%) had gone to the referral hospital. Of the 57 who had not gone, 36 (63%) reported they were still waiting to go and had waited over a month. Of the participants who had been referred (n=96), almost half of the participants reported they were referred for a surgical problem (n=43, 45%) and the majority received radiological testing at an outside hospital (n=72, 75%). Congolese refugees more frequently had physically completed their referral compared with Burundians (Congolese: n=68, 76.4% vs Burundian: n=28, 43.8%, p<0.001). In terms of intracamp referral networks, most refugees reported being referred to the hospital or clinic by a community health worker (n=133, 86.9%).

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first community-based study on patterns of referral healthcare among refugees in Tanzania and sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings suggest patients were referred for surgical problems and for imaging, however not all referrals were completed in a timely fashion. Future research should attempt to build prospective referral registries that allow for better tracking of patients and examination of waiting times.
P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 as a red blood cell transfusion trigger and prognostic indicator for sepsis-related anaemia: protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Gu Wan-Jie , Kong Yu-Jia , Li Yun-Jie , Wang Chun-Mei
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion primarily aims to improve oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation. The transfusion strategy based on haemoglobin concentration could not accurately reflect cellular metabolism. The ratio of venous-arterial carbon dioxide tension difference to arterial-venous oxygen content difference (P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2) is a good indicator of cellular hypoxia. We aim to explore the influence of P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 as an RBC transfusion trigger on outcomes in septic shock patients.

Methods and analysis

The study is a single-centre prospective cohort study. We consecutively enrol adult septic shock patients requiring RBC transfusion at intensive care unit (ICU) admission or during ICU stay. P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 will be recorded before and 1 hour after each transfusion. The primary outcome is ICU mortality. Binary logistic regression analyses will be performed to detect the independent association between P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 and ICU mortality. A cut-off value for P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 will be obtained by maximising the Youden index with the receiver operator characteristic curve. According to this cut-off value, patients included will be divided into two groups: one with the P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 >cut-off and the other with the P(v-a)CO2/C(a-v)O2 ≤cut off. Differences in clinical outcomes between the two groups will be assessed after propensity matching.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University (wyfy-2021-ky-059). Findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2100051748.
Systematic review of copper intrauterine contraception continuation in young nulliparous women based on intrauterine device type
Authors: Akintomide Hannat , James Alison , Moffat Malcolm , Barnes Pam , Rankin Judith
Published: October 2022

Objectives

No copper intrauterine device (IUD) type is known to better suit young nulliparous women who tend to experience higher rates of IUD discontinuation compared with their older parous counterparts. A systematic review to determine which IUDs have higher continuation rates in young nulliparous women was undertaken.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analyses of available evidence based on IUD type.

Data sources

AMED, BNI, CINAHL, DARE, EMBASE, EMCARE, HMIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, TRIP, and the Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched from inception to 11 May 2022; as well as the Bandolier, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines, WHO and Google Scholar websites.

Eligibility criteria

All studies on IUDs currently available in the UK or comparable (same design and size) to those available in the UK, involving nulliparous women of any age including those aged under 30.

Data extraction and synthesis

Independently extracted data were assessed as low risk of bias using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Random effects meta-analyses of proportions were performed where data, including subgroups, were amenable to quantitative synthesis. Heterogeneity was reported using tau2 and I2 statistics, and sensitivity analyses were also performed.

Results

Nineteen studies involving 13 045 nulliparous women were included but the heterogeneity of participant ages, parity and IUD types made quantitative synthesis of outcome data in totality inappropriate. The highest continuation rate obtained was 91.02% (95% CI 88.01% to 93.64%) for the smaller TCu 380A at 12 months post insertion.

Conclusions

Evidence for IUD use in young nulliparous women based on IUD type remains limited. Smaller sized IUD types appear better suited to this group of IUD users, however, more research is needed.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019120969.
Thematic analysis of illness narratives as an example of an approach to better understand the lived experience of women diagnosed with breast cancer in Spain
Authors: Mesa Freydell Natalia , Martínez Pérez Ana , Schneider Fontán José
Published: October 2022

Objective

To explore the lived experience of women diagnosed with breast cancer through the analysis of illness narratives, as an example of a narrative-based medicine approach.

Setting

Spain.

Participants

Nine narratives stemming from non-fiction books, and six from interviews through online platforms. All participants were cis women and their ages ranged between 34 and 60 years. The inclusion criteria were being a woman and having been diagnosed with and treated for breast cancer in Spain.

Results

The main topics that appeared on the analysis were: secondary effects of treatment, breast loss and scars, breast reconstruction, long-term effect of treatment, positive attitude, illness as learning and use of language. Although the results of this research are preliminary, it can be said that societal expectations quickly became a burden for the patients. Moreover, there was no common behavioural pattern among the participants and how they chose to manage their cancer journey. Choosing whether or not to hide their baldness, go through reconstructive surgery or fulfil the ‘patient role’ were options they wanted to review based on their own priorities, and not because of external impositions. Even though the women agreed with the benefits of having a positive attitude, they also asked for space to feel rage and sadness, not to be compared with others and to be heard with no haste, as well as to be accompanied beyond the treatment, and for their long-term effects of medications to be validated. The importance of the type of comments and language used is emphasised.

Conclusion

A narrative-based medicine approach enables us to incorporate the patient experience into the understanding of breast cancer. We encourage clinicians to be aware of the concepts of normality held by women, and to welcome different choices and different ways to experience illness.
Volume sweep imaging lung teleultrasound for detection of COVID-19 in Peru: a multicentre pilot study
Authors: Marini Thomas J , Kaproth-Joslin Katherine , Ambrosini Robert , Baran Timothy M , Dozier Ann M , Zhao Yu T , Satheesh Malavika , Mahony Reátegui-Rivera Christian , Sifuentes Walter , Rios-Mayhua Gloria , Castaneda Benjamin
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Pulmonary disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children, but most of the world lacks diagnostic imaging for its assessment. Lung ultrasound is a portable, low-cost, and highly accurate imaging modality for assessment of pulmonary pathology including pneumonia, but its deployment is limited secondary to a lack of trained sonographers. In this study, we piloted a low-cost lung teleultrasound system in rural Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic using lung ultrasound volume sweep imaging (VSI) that can be operated by an individual without prior ultrasound training circumventing many obstacles to ultrasound deployment.

Design

Pilot study.

Setting

Study activities took place in five health centres in rural Peru.

Participants

There were 213 participants presenting to rural health clinics.

Interventions

Individuals without prior ultrasound experience in rural Peru underwent brief training on how to use the teleultrasound system and perform lung ultrasound VSI. Subsequently, patients attending clinic were scanned by these previously ultrasound-naïve operators with the teleultrasound system.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Radiologists examined the ultrasound imaging to assess its diagnostic value and identify any pathology. A random subset of 20% of the scans were analysed for inter-reader reliability.

Results

Lung VSI teleultrasound examinations underwent detailed analysis by two cardiothoracic attending radiologists. Of the examinations, 202 were rated of diagnostic image quality (94.8%, 95% CI 90.9% to 97.4%). There was 91% agreement between radiologists on lung ultrasound interpretation among a 20% sample of all examinations (κ=0.76, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.98). Radiologists were able to identify sequelae of COVID-19 with the predominant finding being B-lines.

Conclusion

Lung VSI teleultrasound performed by individuals without prior training allowed diagnostic imaging of the lungs and identification of sequelae of COVID-19 infection. Deployment of lung VSI teleultrasound holds potential as a low-cost means to improve access to imaging around the world.
Cross-sectional association between prolactin levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective analysis of patients from a single hospital in China
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Huaizhen
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study aimed to retrospectively assess the association between prolactin (PRL) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design and setting

A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at a single hospital in Anhui, China.

Participants

A total of 406 patients with T2DM (230 men and 176 women) was included.

Outcome measures

P values for the independent t-test, the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test, the Spearman correlation analysis and multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the association between PRL and NAFLD in patients with T2DM.

Results

The results indicated that in both men and women, the levels of PRL were significantly lower in the T2DM with NAFLD group than in the T2DM without NAFLD group (men: 9.56 ng/mL vs 10.36 ng/mL, women: 10.38 ng/mL vs 12.97 ng/mL). In male patients, the levels of PRL were negatively correlated with hip circumference (r=−0.141, p=0.032), homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (C-peptide) (r=−0.141, p=0.032) and triglyceride (TG) (r=−0.252, p=0.000) values and inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein (r=0.147, p=0.025) levels. In female patients, PRL levels were negatively related to body mass index (r=−0.192, p=0.011), diastolic blood pressure (r=−0.220, p=0.003), waist circumference (r=−0.152, p=0.044), hip circumference (r=−0.157, p=0.037) and TG (r=−0.258, p=0.001) values. Logistic regression analysis revealed a negative relationship between PRL and NAFLD (men: OR 0.891, 95% CI 0.803 to 0.989, p=0.031; women: OR 0.874, 95% CI 0.797 to 0.957, p=0.004). As PRL levels increased, NAFLD prevalence decreased in both sexes (men: p=0.012, women: p=0.013).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that low levels of PRL in the physiological range were markers of NAFLD in patients with T2DM and that PRL within the biologically high range may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
The role of teams in shaping quality of obstetrical care: a cross-sectional study in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Authors: Gage Anna D , Yakob Bereket , McConnell Margaret , Girma Tsinuel , Damtachew Brook , Bauhoff Sebastian , Kruk Margaret E
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To examine how characteristics of clinical colleagues influence quality of care.

Design

We conducted a cross-sectional observational study examining the associations between quality of care and a provider’s coworkers, controlling for individual provider’s characteristics and contextual factors.

Setting

Nine health facilities in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia, from December 2020 to February 2021.

Participants

824 clients and 95 unique providers were observed across the 9 health facilities.

Outcome measures

We examine the quality of processes of intrapartum and immediate postpartum care during five phases of the delivery (first examination, first stage of labour, third stage of labour, immediate newborn care and immediate maternal postpartum care).

Results

For the average client, 50% of the recommended routine clinical actions were completed during the delivery overall, with immediate maternal postpartum care being the least well performed (17% of recommended actions). Multiple healthcare providers were involved in 55% of deliveries. The number of providers contributing to a delivery was unassociated with the quality of care, but a one standard deviation increase in the coworker’s performance was associated with a 2% point increase in quality of care (p<0.01); this association was largest among providers in the middle quartiles of performance.

Conclusions

A provider’s typical performance had a modest positive association with quality of delivery care given by their coworker. As delivery care is often provided by multiple healthcare providers, examining the dynamics of how they influence one another can provide important insights for quality improvement.
METRIC-EF: magnetic resonance enterography to predict disabling disease in newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease—protocol for a multicentre, non-randomised, single-arm, prospective study
Authors: Kumar Shankar , Plumb Andrew , Mallett Sue , Bhatnagar Gauraang , Bloom Stuart , Clarke Caroline S , Hamlin John , Hart Ailsa L , Jacobs Ilan , Travis Simon , Vega Roser , Halligan Steve , Taylor Stuart Andrew
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Crohn’s disease (CD) is characterised by discontinuous, relapsing enteric inflammation. Instituting advanced therapies at an early stage to suppress inflammation aims to prevent future complications such as stricturing or penetrating disease, and subsequent surgical resection. Therapeutics are effective but associated with certain side-effects and relatively expensive. There is therefore an urgent need for robust methods to predict which newly diagnosed patients will develop disabling disease, to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from early, advanced therapies. We aim to determine if magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) features at diagnosis improve prediction of disabling CD within 5 years of diagnosis.

Methods and analysis

We describe the protocol for a multicentre, non-randomised, single-arm, prospective study of adult patients with newly diagnosed CD. We will use patients already recruited to the METRIC study and extend their clinical follow-up, as well as a separate group of newly diagnosed patients who were not part of the METRIC trial (MRE within 3 months of diagnosis), to ensure an adequate sample size. Follow-up will extend for at least 4 years. The primary outcome is to evaluate the comparative predictive ability of prognostic models incorporating MRE severity scores (Magnetic resonance Enterography Global Score (MEGS), simplified MAgnetic Resonance Index of Activity (sMaRIA) and Lémann Index) versus models using standard characteristics alone to predict disabling CD (modified Beaugerie definition) within 5 years of new diagnosis.

Ethics and dissemination

This study protocol achieved National Health Service Research Ethics Committee (NHS REC), London—Hampstead Research Ethics Committee approval (IRAS 217422). Our findings will be disseminated via conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN76899103.
NOX1 is essential for TNFα-induced intestinal epithelial ROS secretion and inhibits M cell signatures
Authors: Hsu Nai-Yun , Nayar Shikha , Gettler Kyle , Talware Sayali , Giri Mamta , Alter Isaac , Argmann Carmen , Sabic Ksenija , Thin Tin Htwe , Ko Huai-Bin Mabel , Werner Robert , Tastad Christopher , Stappenbeck Thaddeus , Azabdaftari Aline , Uhlig Holm H , Chuang Ling-Shiang , Cho Judy H
Published: October 2022

Objective

Loss-of-function mutations in genes generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), such asNOX1, are associated with IBD. Mechanisms whereby loss of ROS drive IBD are incompletely defined.

Design

ROS measurements and single-cell transcriptomics were performed on colonoids stratified byNOX1genotype and TNFα stimulation. Clustering of epithelial cells from human UC (inflamed and uninflamed) scRNASeq was performed. Validation of M cell induction was performed by immunohistochemistry using UEA1 (ulex europaeus agglutin-1 lectin) and in vivo with DSS injury.

Results

TNFα induces ROS production more in NOX1-WT versus NOX1-deficient murine colonoids under a range of Wnt-mediated and Notch-mediated conditions. scRNASeq from inflamed and uninflamed human colitis versus TNFα stimulated, in vitro colonoids defines substantially shared, induced transcription factors; NOX1-deficient colonoids express substantially lower levels of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), CEBPD (CCAAT enhancer-binding protein delta),DNMT1(DNA methyltransferase) andHIF1A(hypoxia-inducible factor) baseline. Subclustering unexpectedly showed marked TNFα-mediated induction of M cells (sentinel cells overlying lymphoid aggregates) in NOX1-deficient colonoids. M cell induction by UEA1 staining is rescued with H2O2and paraquat, defining extra- and intracellular ROS roles in maintenance of LGR5+ stem cells. DSS injury demonstratedGP2(glycoprotein-2), basal lymphoplasmacytosis and UEA1 induction in NOX1-deficiency. Principal components analyses of M cell genes and decreased DNMT1 RNA velocity correlate with UC inflammation.

Conclusions

NOX1 deficiency plus TNFα stimulation contribute to colitis through dysregulation of the stem cell niche and altered cell differentiation, enhancing basal lymphoplasmacytosis. Our findings prioritise ROS modulation for future therapies.
Abandoning the Dead Donor Rule
Authors: Smith Anthony P
Published: October 2022

The Dead Donor Rule is intended to protect the public and patients, but it remains contentious. Here, I argue that we can abandon the Dead Donor Rule. Using Joel Feinberg’s account of harm, I argue that, in most cases, particularly when patients consent to being organ donors, death does not harm permanently unconscious (PUC) patients. In these cases, then, causing the death of PUC patients is not morally wrong. This undermines the strongest argument for the Dead Donor Rule—that doctors ought not kill their patients. Thus, there is nothing wrong with abandoning the Dead Donor Rule with regard to PUC patients. Importantly, the harm-based argument defended here allows us to sidestep the thorny debate surrounding definitions of death. What matters is not when a patient dies but whether their death constitutes some further harm.
Acute myotonic reaction during succinylcholine anaesthesia
Authors: Mohammed Saeed Rashaad , Gafoor Stefan , Panday Avidesh
Published: October 2022

A 21-year-old woman developed an acute myotonic reaction while undergoing anaesthesia using succinylcholine. Examination later showed she had shoulder, neck and calf hypertrophy, bilateral symmetrical ptosis and eyelid, handgrip and percussion myotonia. Peripheral neurophysiology studies identified significant, continuous myotonic discharges in both upper and lower limbs. Genetic analysis identified a c.3917G>A (p.Gly1306Glu) mutation in theSCN4Agene, confirming a diagnosis of sodium channel myotonia. Succinylcholine and other depolarising agents can precipitate life-threatening acute myotonic reactions when given to patients with myotonia. Patients with neuromuscular disorders are at an increased risk of perioperative anaesthetic complications. We report a woman who developed an acute myotonic reaction whilst undergoing anaesthesia, in the context of an unrecognised myotonic disorder. We then discuss an approach to the diagnosis of myotonic disorders.
Reliability-based calibration of the slenderness limit of concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars for CSA S6 and CSA S806
Authors: Khorramian Koosha , Oudah Fadi , Sadeghian Pedram
Published: October 2022

The design provisions for internal glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforced concrete (RC) columns have been recently under consideration by design committees in Canada and around the world due to new advancements in understanding the behavior of GFRP-RC columns. The slenderness limit is a critical design parameter differentiating between the first- and second-order analyses of GFRP-RC columns. The existing slenderness limits in design standards were calibrated using deterministic approaches. In this study, a novel reliability-based approach was utilized to quantify the reliability index associated with the slenderness limit to calibrate and propose optimized reliability-based slenderness limits for CSA S806 and CSA S6, for the first time. The method takes the advantage of artificial intelligence and incorporates a comprehensive experimental database.
Taphonomy and depositional history of the Southfork Quarry (Cypress Hills Formation, late Eocene) in southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Gilbert Meagan M. , McDougall Frank H.
Published: October 2022

The Eocene to Miocene Cypress Hills Formation (CHF) spans 28 million years and forms the conglomeratic caprock of the Cypress Hills and Swift Current plateaus in southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta. These stacked fluvial, floodplain, and lacustrine deposits preserve the only high latitude, non-polar mammalian fossil assemblage (Uintan to Hemingfordian land mammal stages) in Canada. The Quarry is the oldest CHF (Chadronian 1, late Eocene) site documented in the Cypress Hills region north of the town of Eastend. The Quarry was originally discovered in 1962, after bones were found to be eroding out of the base of a road cut north of the ghost town of South Fork on the southeastern flanks of the Cypress Hills. Numerous field campaigns have resulted in the collection of fossils from a multitaxonomic bonebed. This paper presents a detailed sedimentologic, paleontologic, and taphonomic study to establish a depositional environment framework of the Southfork Quarry. This site was deposited at the onset of the Eocene–Oligocene climate transition, a critical time of climate change during the Paleogene. Six facies and two facies associations are characterized for the Quarry, shifting from a braided-fluvial system to a debris flow-filled incised channel. Patterns of skeletal accumulations and bone surface modification indicate that the assemblage accumulated over a significant interval of time in different depositional environments. This study provides critical insight into environmental shifts driven by climate change and relates these findings to a broader understanding of the Eocene–Oligocene transition in North America.
AN EFFECTIVE HYBRID STOCHASTIC GRADIENT DESCENT ARABIC SENTIMENT ANALYSIS WITH PARTIAL-ORDER MICROWORDS AND PIECEWISE DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: Al-ANZI FAWAZ S.
Published: October 2022

Social media networking sites, such as Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter, have become an inextricable part of our everyday lives. These social media networks are useful for sharing news, images, and other information. The study of social media sentiment has recently received a lot of attention, especially in Arabic sentiment analysis. Social media sites are distinguished by unusual language that differs from the traditional format of the language. As a result, there is a necessity for efficient ways for analyzing the massive amount of new word variants that appear regularly in the digital world and online world. This study proposes a piecewise Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)-based model for sentiment classification. The TF-IDF-based term weighting scheme is employed for textual feature representation. For enhancing the model performance, stemming and partially ordered microword representation of tweets with varying look ahead distances is employed. Also, various n-gram models are considered for textual feature representation, which also improves the model performance. The proposed model is simulated and evaluated with the help of publicly available tweet corpus9 which is a balanced tweet corpus. The effectiveness of the proposed model is estimated using various performance evaluation metrics. According to the experimental observations, the proposed method accurately categorizes the testing and validation tweets set with an accuracy of up to 92.23%.
Electrochemical Detection Of Heavy Metals In Raw Materials Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified With 4-Aminothiophenol
Authors: Radulescu Maria-Cristina , Bucur Madalina-Petruta , Bucur Bogdan , Radu Gabriel Lucian
Published: October 2022

Sensitive and stable electrodes modified with 4-aminothiophenol were developed for heavy metal detection based on coordination bonds between thiol moieties and analyte. The electrodes were modified using diazonium chemistry in one step modification protocol. The presence of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) in the electrodeposition media avoids the formation of multilayers and improves the performances due to low surface passivation and good electrochemical transfer at the interface with the solution. Electrodeposition of the organic layer on the electrode surface by chronopotentiometry allowed a good control of the electrode modification process, avoids passivation, and leads to reproducible layers with improved characteristics in comparison with modifications carried out by cyclic voltammetry or chronoamperometry. The electrode was able to detect Pb(II) by differential pulse voltammetry with a linear range of 2.5–400 μg l−1 and the detection limit of 1.2 μg l−1 and Cd(II) with the calibration line in the range of 2.5–400 μg l−1 and a detection limit of 1.5 μg l−1. Low interferences were observed and the electrodes were applied for analysis of real samples: fruits pomace and waters.
Pulsed Charging Protocols with Non-Zero Relaxation Time for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Acosta Lautaro N. , Garaventta Guillermo , Levi Mikhael , Aurbach Doron , Flexer Victoria
Published: October 2022

Lithium-ion batteries are commonly charged following the constant current -constant voltage (CC-CV) protocol. Current flow during charging implies an equivalent ionic flow through the battery materials. Intercalation and de-intercalation of Li+ are accompanied by concentration gradients that are reflected by the rise in the cells’ potentials that is required to maintain the constant current during the CC regime. In this work, two new pulsed charging protocols were tested. Firstly, a square current pulse is applied to the cell until the cut-off voltage is reached, followed by a pulsed square voltage protocol (PV). The second methodology keeps the same current pulse, however, after the limiting voltage was reached, the pulsing regime consisted in alternating between a maximum voltage value and a minimum, non-zero, constant current value. Different voltage pulse widths and frequencies were tested, in order to study the maximum electrodes’ capacity, the time required to reach that capacity, the contribution of each individual step (i.e. PC and PV) to the total electrodes’ capacity, and the thermal variations for each. The second pulsing mode produced capacity values 7%–8% higher than in the classical CC–CV protocol, and in charging times periods from 5%–25% faster, without compromising the batteries’ cycle life.
Deubiquitinases: key regulators of the circadian clock
Authors: Harris-Gauthier Namasthée , Srikanta Shashank Bangalore , Cermakian Nicolas
Published: October 2022

All living organisms experience daily environmental cycles and have consequently evolved to synchronize and adapt to this changing environment. Biological processes such as hormonal secretion, body temperature, and sleep follow daily cycles called circadian rhythms that are driven by a molecular clock running in most cells and tissues of the body. This clock is composed of transcriptional-translational negative feedback loops involving clock genes and proteins. This molecular mechanism functions with a period of ∼24 h, and it promotes daily rhythms in the expression of numerous genes. For this robust mechanism to function, the abundance and activity of clock proteins need to be tightly regulated. One of the mechanisms by which this can be achieved is ubiquitination. Indeed, many ubiquitin ligases can tag core clock proteins to target them for proteasomal degradation. However, deubiquitinases can reverse this process by removing or modifying these ubiquitin signals and are thus important enzymes in clock protein homeostasis and regulation. Recent studies on the mammalian and Drosophila clock mechanisms have identified a number of deubiquitinases able to stabilize core clock proteins, change their cellular localization or even regulate their activity. In this review, we aim to discuss the fundamental roles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the circadian clock by presenting all deubiquitinases found to be involved in circadian rhythms with the aim to give a global view of recent advances in this emerging field.
Norepinephrine innervation of the supraoptic nucleus contributes to increased copeptin and dilutional hyponatremia in male rats
Authors: Aikins Ato O. , Little Joel T. , Rybalchenko Nataliya , Cunningham J. Thomas
Published: October 2022

Dilutional hyponatremia associated with liver cirrhosis is due to inappropriate release of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Elevated plasma AVP causes water retention resulting in a decrease in plasma osmolality. Cirrhosis, in this study caused by ligation of the common bile duct (BDL), leads to a decrease in central vascular blood volume and hypotension, stimuli for nonosmotic AVP release. The A1/A2 neurons stimulate the release of AVP from the supraoptic nucleus (SON) in response to nonosmotic stimuli. We hypothesize that the A1/A2 noradrenergic neurons support chronic release of AVP in cirrhosis leading to dilutional hyponatremia. Adult, male rats were anesthetized with 2–3% isoflurane (mixed with 95% O2/5% CO2) and injected in the SON with anti-dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) saporin (DSAP) or vehicle followed by either BDL or sham surgery. Plasma copeptin, osmolality, and hematocrit were measured. Brains were processed for ΔFosB, dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), and AVP immunohistochemistry. DSAP injection: 1) significantly reduced the number of DBH immunoreactive A1/A2 neurons (A1, P < 0.0001; A2, P = 0.0014), 2) significantly reduced the number of A1/A2 neurons immunoreactive to both DBH and ΔFosB positive neurons (A1, P = 0.0015; A2, P < 0.0001), 3) reduced the number of SON neurons immunoreactive to both AVP and ΔFosB ( P < 0.0001), 4) prevented the increase in plasma copeptin observed in vehicle-injected BDL rats ( P = 0.0011), and 5) normalized plasma osmolality and hematocrit (plasma osmolality, P = 0.0475; hematocrit, P = 0.0051) as compared with vehicle injection. Our data suggest that A1/A2 neurons contribute to increased plasma copeptin and hypoosmolality in male BDL rats.
A Rare Case of a Right Atrial Paraganglioma in an Individual with the SHDB Mutation
Authors: Lancaster Ian , Nunez Carlos , Willinger Andrew , Caldeira Christiano , Aufman Jeffrey
Published: October 2022

Paragangliomas are extra-adrenal chromaffin cell tumors. A small percentage of these tumors can be found in the thoracic cavity and, when in the heart, are typically in the left atrium. In this case report, we discuss the case of an individual with a history of several paragangliomas with the SHDB mutation who was found to have two cardiac paragangliomas in the right atrium.
Processing and Properties of AlCoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys: A Review
Authors: Gopal P.M. , Soorya Prakash K. , Kavimani V. , Rajendiran Gopal
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study is to carry out a focused literature review on the mechanical and tribological behaviour of AlCoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys (HEA). HEAs are a proficient class of alloys designed by the use of several constituent alloying elements in equiatomic or close to equiatomic ratios. In view of their distinctive property range, there has been huge attention on this class of alloys. Among the various group of HEAs, AlCoCrFeNi-based HEAs have attracted interest due to their enhanced properties. Various AlCoCrFeNi-based HEAs are developed by adding additional elements such as Mo, Ti, and Zr. The effect of these alloying constituents on the mechanical, metallurgical, and tribological performance of the AlCoCrFeNi HEA is discussed in detail. In addition to that, the various techniques used to produce these HEAs are also discussed.
[Retracted] Analysis of the Influence of Western Philosophy on the Development of Chinese Environmental Philosophy Theory and Its Future Direction
Authors: Ge Yangyang
Published: October 2022

Western environmental philosophy was born out of the environmental movement that emerged in the second half of the 20th century, and it is fundamentally practical in orientation. However, over the past 50 years, the study of environmental philosophy has become increasingly abstract and theoretical and seems to have drifted away from the practice of environmental protection. At the beginning of the 21st century, Western environmental philosophy began to take a policy turn, with an increasing number of philosophers actively participating in national and international environmental policy discussions. This turn is the latest development in environmental pragmatism. However, the philosophy embodied in this turn is still weak and lacks sufficiently strong theoretical roots. An environmental philosophy that truly achieves a policy turn, i.e., one that can exert a truly significant influence in environmental policy making, must be based on a unified and robust theoretical paradigm. This paper takes the goals and tasks of environmental philosophy research as an entry point, analyzes the deviation of the development of environmental philosophy in China to the problem of the intrinsic value argument, and explores the new direction of environmental philosophy research by focusing on the central argument of environmental pragmatism. In order to deeply explore this issue, this paper takes the Marxist concept of development as the theoretical guide and mainly adopts the methods of inductive research, comparative research, and theory to practice. This paper summarizes the foundation of contemporary environmental philosophy into four basic questions of center, value, ethics, and survival and seeks answers to these questions in philosophical thought. To construct the basic framework of modern Chinese environmental philosophy, through the comparative study of environmental ethics in different periods, this paper explores the relationship between environmental ethics in the perspective of Marxist concept of development, so as to further clarify the development direction of environmental ethics in China in the future.
The Mechanism Study of Moxa Combustion Products on Regulating Vascular Endothelial Function in Atherosclerotic Mice
Authors: Yueping Huang , Qin Yao , Xiali OuYang , Yao Lin , Yajie Liu , Chang Huang , Rui He , Xin Hui , Hao Wang , Rui Zhang , Jinyi Liu , Baixiao Zhao
Published: October 2022

Objective. To evaluate the anti-atherogenic effect of moxa combustion products (MCPs) and whether it is mediated through improving the vascular endothelial function in ApoE−/− mice. Methods. A total of 60 male ApoE−/− mice were randomly divided into the moxa smoke (MS) group, filtered moxa smoke (FMS) group, moxa floss volatile (MFV) group, essential oil of Artemisia argyi (EOAA) group, and model group (n = 12/group), while 12 male C57BL/6 mice were used as the control group. The six groups were intervened for 20 min/day, 6 days/week. After 14 weeks of intervention, the mice were euthanized and their blood lipids were measured. The aortic roots and thoracic aortas were collected for haematoxylin and eosin (HE) or Oil Red O staining, respectively. The contents of AMPK, PI3K, Akt, and eNOS mRNA in the thoracic aortas were examined by RT-qPCR. Results. The MS group and FMS group showed significantly lower plaque area percentage in the aortic roots and thoracic aortas and higher contents of AMPK-mRNA and eNOS-mRNA in the thoracic aortas compared with the model group. Conclusion. MS and FMS equally suppressed the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE−/− mice. It was suggested that the particulate matter in MS may not be the key components of moxibustion.
Integrated Design Technology of Geological Engineering for Pressure Flooding and Water Injection in Low Permeability Reservoirs: Take the Reservoir of Keshang Formation in Wu2 East Area as an Example
Authors: Qin Ming , Chen Chao , Yu Qingsen , Liu Zhenping , Liu Zhibo , Cheng Hanlie , Theon Fahim
Published: October 2022

The objective factors of low permeability reservoir determine that there is obvious starting pressure gradient in waterflooding development, and the injection pressure is high. Conventional waterflooding has the technical bottleneck of “no injection and no flooding.” It highlights the development contradictions such as serious under-injection, rapid production decline and difficult production of reserves. Pressurized water injection is a new technology of unconventional water injection to enhance oil recovery, which can improve the production degree of low permeability reservoir reserves and solve the problem of water injection difficulty. In order to ensure the reliability of scheme design and the success rate of field implementation, the key technologies of unconventional oil and gas reservoir geological engineering integration are applied for the first time, including 3D geological modeling technology, geomechanics modeling technology, complex fracture network simulation technology of geological engineering integration and numerical simulation technology, and a fine 3D dynamic and static model covering all elements of geology and engineering is objectively established. Through numerical simulation research, the optimal water injection parameters of pressure flooding are determined, and the implementation effect of the optimal scheme is predicted, which provides a scientific basis for field implementation.