bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public ICT access and use for people with disabilities (PWDs): a pilot study of public inclusive design
Authors: Long Qiling , Wai Michael Siu Kin
Published: June 2023

The access and use of the Internet in public spaces is becoming more extensive, and increasingly regarded as a transitional stage to achieving the ultimate goal of private internet access for all citizens (Viseu et al., 2006). Internet in public spaces does not only narrow the digital divide and promote digital inclusion, but is also a basic requirement for the realization of the information society. However, there may still be inequal access to information and communication technologies (ICT), especially for people with disabilities (PWDs), that has been widely overlooked. This ‘digital disability divide’ (Dobransky and Hargittai, 2006; Sachdeva et al., 2015) is widely acknowledged as affecting the equal participation of PWDs in society, hindering the construction of an inclusive society. The current academic literature related to digital inequality has focused on internet access and use of a diverse population segment, but there is deficient research on the ‘digital disability divide’, especially focusing on public ICT facilities. In order to bridge this gap and promote social inclusion, this paper takes the social model of disabilities as an objective group, exploring the public disabilities inequality theories and exclusive phenomenon through a deep literature review and onsite observation. This paper summarizes the four forms of public interactive behaviours of PWDs based on the four elements of ICT engaging with the public space from Abdel-Aziz et al. (2016). Also, a framework of public digital disability barriers that correspond with the ICT elements in public spaces has been proposed. By applying inclusive design thinking and principles, this paper identifies the deficiencies in design of existing ICT facilities. This paper also identifies and discusses key directions for improving digital disabilities inclusion in public spaces from a design policy and practical perspective. Suggestions for further study directions are also offered.
Reflections on the accomplishments of human factors research in Japan toward universal design implementation
Authors: Goto Yoshiaki , Kose Satoshi , Nunota Ken , Semmyou Yukari
Published: June 2023

Experimental studies toward realization of universal design on residential space and various domestic appliances have been conducted for twenty years. Their research outcomes have been adopted for the compilation of dwelling design guidelines toward the aging society as well as the development of new products by the manufacturers, all of which contributed the realization of universal design of buildings. As one the government research bodies, the Building Research Institute of Japan was committed to the research for the betterment of people's living conditions, and Sekisui House, as one of the housing manufacturers also strived to provide with better house designs for the customers to enable transgenerational living (i.e., from cradle to grave, without being forced to throw out against their wishes). In the mid-1980s, when the cooperative research started, no concrete requirements on handrails better suited for Japanese population were clear. Therefore, research on the measurements of force applicable by seniors was started, which gradually led to the experimental determination of hardware shape, optimal height, etc. Graspable handrail shape and dimensions, shape of better stairways, grabrail for toilets, and kitchen leaning bars to support body posture: all of these were among the research accomplishments through experiments. Some of them were presented during the past AHFE Conferences. This paper will summarize the historical importance of these research outcomes, and will demonstrate their meaning in universal design implementation.
Towards Dementia-Friendly Society: Design and Interactive Technologies for Collaborative Caregiving and Personalised Non-pharmacological Therapy
Authors: Kagiwada Masato
Published: June 2023

The speed of aging has been increasing and therefore the demand for products/services which would align to elderly people has been getting higher. With the synchronization of aging, the number of people with dementia has been increasing rapidly and it puts a burden on not only people with dementia but also stakeholders and the entire world. Dementia non-pharmacological therapy is one of the most feasible interventions and it includes cognitive, sensory, and psychosocial therapies.Research Problem: Family caregiver's low accessibility to patient-centred dementia non-pharmacological therapy has caused the low quality of caregiving to people with dementia, the increasing of caregiver's emotional/physical distress, and the low transparency of dementia to medical experts.Research Question: How can design and interactive technologies make dementia therapy more personalised to patients, accessible to caregivers, and transparent to medical experts?Research Aim: Explore the possibility of design and interactive technologies for dementia non-pharmacological therapy.Hypothesis: Giving dementia non-pharmacological therapy more stimulations, playfulness and meaning by design and interactive technology would be beneficial to make it more patient-centred and empower informal caregivers.Methodologies: The research is mainly based on Design Thinking methodology, DICE approach, and Constructive design wheel. The research is preceded with qualitative methods such as questionnaires, interviews, brainstorming, physical and digital prototyping and expert reviews. Conclusions: The research would contribute to the enhancement of dementia therapeutic intervention research and therefore the quality of life in people with dementia.
Understanding Students’ Diversity in Inclusive Design: A Review of Literature on Students’ Empathy and Prosocial Motivation from Cultural Differences
Authors: Jeong Park Hye , Lim Huiwon , Cho Yongyeon
Published: June 2023

The goal of inclusive design is “design for all,” and it has been considered a valuable approach to universal design and user-centered design in engineering design education. Although there are diverse methods to achieve the goal of inclusive design, individuals’ diverse cultural backgrounds, empathy, and prosocial motivation are essential. The aim of this study is to investigate how engineering students’ cultural backgrounds (collectivism and individualism) can be intertwined in classrooms and promote students’ empathy and prosocial motivation for generating inclusive design solutions. Through the review of previous studies, students with collectivist cultures represented a higher empathy degree, and they frequently perceived prosocial motivation for others rather than students from individualist cultures. To amplify engineering students’ empathy and prosocial motivation with respecting their cultural differences, this study followed the “three needs” of Oxford and Gkonou (2018) to suggest teaching methods for engineering design education. Diverse types of in- and outside-class activities, such as class discussions, role-playing, sharing students’ own stories, and problem-based learning are recommended for enhancing students’ empathy and prosocial motivation to understand others with diverse perspectives for inclusive ideas.
Innovative Strategies for Generative Art in the NFT Market: A Case Study of the Art Blocks
Authors: Qiu Bingkun , Zheng Chao , Wang Zihao , Cheng Xie Li , Zhan Xinhao , Zeng Yichen , Zhang Xinlei
Published: June 2023

Since the 1960s, generative art, which uses code, has existed as a form of art, but in recent years it has emerged as a distinct art form. We face once again a critical moment to redefine artwork as new on-chain generative art platforms create a new ecosystem for trading artworks using digital currencies. As part of this study, existing websites will be systematically reviewed as well as literature on generative art. This will enable us to identify novel strategies for generating art for the NFT market. Based on the study, generative art that stands out in the NFT market is characterized by its scale, precision, randomness, variability, and reuse. As a result of the unique business model, the curatorial classification of works, and the online presence of NFT for generative art, Art Blocks has a significant share of the NFT platform sales volume. Specifically, the research and analysis of the innovative strategies offered by Art Blocks provide a possible direction for the future development of the art market and digital art design and display.
Smart Cockpit Layout Design Framework Based on Human-Machine Experience
Authors: Zhang Ziteng , Zhao Danhua
Published: June 2023

With the rapid development of smart cockpit due to technological progress, the use scenario and user behavior of the in-cockpit users have changed dramatically. Automation and interconnection have greatly enriched the HMI (human-machine interaction) experience in the SCS (smart cockpit systems), the designs and researches conducted by researchers and designers from the perspective of traditional automobile interior layout will be greatly limited by these changes. We summarize the changes in cockpit layout caused by the development of human-machine experience in the smart cockpit systems, and present a design framework for smart cockpit design that includes design space. The framework consists of four parts: intelligent display area, seat space, smart peripherals and driving components. This research and framework provide new ideas and inspirations for the division of cockpit interior layout in design research, and provide guidance for the design of smart cockpit as a tool.
Symbols in product semantic of aging design research based on eye tracking methodology
Authors: Fu Jiqing , Zhang Jiajing , Wang Zihao
Published: June 2023

The application of eye-tracking technology provides quantitative data on users' visual and attention mechanisms. It detects the user's interactive attention mode to a specified visual stimulus. Elderly populations undergo a phased degenerative process in hand, eye and brain coordination due to physiological decay as they age. Research shows that aging design is essential in the current social development process. This study focuses on matching the interface of aging products and the user experience of semantic design in the visual symbol of aging effects, coordinating the performance of the physiological sequence-oriented cycle of the elderly population in interaction design. A virtual model with eye-tracking technology was prepared, and we applied the inductive effect of digital visual symbolic semantics on elderly people, capturing subjects' eye-tracking data to study the influence of virtual environment perception on interaction interface design. In this study, comparative analysis of sampling and quantitative analysis of data were the main experimental methods. The study used the 3d dynamic simulation technology to create a virtual interaction between users and products, exploring the different needs of subjects at the visual sensory level. In this experimental study, a variety of virtual spaces were constructed and the aging design models were designed. “Blender” and “cinema4d” were used to design products and display the dynamically in space, using Pantone color combination analysis, using visual communication symbols for geometric analysis. After the completion of the models, the subjects were sampled by eye-tracker, and the sampling data were sorted and analyzed in batches. This issue focuses on the visual symbolic interaction experience of aging design product semantics. It explores the visual sensory semantic efficiency of the design symbols through data visualization with eye-tracking technology. The design symbols are analyzed by the aging design research method. The study provides data support for design research implementation to enhance the aging design's semantic efficacy.
Design strategy of digital outdoor study manual based on children's learning behavior guidance
Authors: Li Yue , Zhao Ying , Mei Jing , Yang Li
Published: June 2023

In the era of continuous and profound integration of digital technology and daily learning life, a large number of children's digital learning products have emerged and been used by children. In the field of outdoor study and learning activities, the study manual is an important carrier to supplement the content of activities to assist children in learning, but the traditional paper manual design is not in-depth enough to study the needs of the target subject and its design method cannot meet the needs of the times, and cannot bring children experiential learning in the study and learning activities. In study and learning activities, digitalization guides children's behavior and immerses them in study and learning activities, which can stimulate their interest in learning and improve learning efficiency. For this reason, this paper explores the design of digital outdoor study manual for children's learning behavior guidance. Based on the theoretical perspective of behaviorism psychology, this paper analyzes the learning behavior psychology of children in study activities, summarizes the characteristics of their learning behavior, and designs the flow chart of children's learning methods and observation behavior process in study activities in combination with the relevant theories of behavioral design. Through the questionnaire data, we analyzed the influencing factors of children's willingness to use the digital outdoor study manual. Finally, we tried to build the design strategy of the digital outdoor study manual that actively guides children's learning behavior. Provide reference for the design of children's digital outdoor study manual, assist the implementation of outdoor study activities, and make contributions to the development of digital education.
The Value Co-creation Service Mode Design of Online Technology Market
Authors: Xu Wenling , Wang Yun
Published: June 2023

Technology is now the primary force behind economic growth and increased productivity in the era of the digital economy. The online technology market is the main platform for technology trading and is a new strategic industry. The service mode of the online technology market can improve user service and enable the co-creation of user value. At first, a thorough review of the literature is performed to investigate the online technology market, service design and mode, value co-creation theory and its application. Second, it classifies various online technology market types and the service modes of various platforms using a comparative analytical approach, and it draws conclusions about how these service modes will develop. Eventually, the design subjects, design factors and processes, and design forms in the technology transaction process of the online technology market are studied, the service mode design model of the online technology market is developed, and the design results are generated. This essay encourages the growth of service design for the online technology market by offering useful concepts and workable recommendations for the service mode.
Ergonomics in Classroom Furniture for Primary School Children in Vietnam
Authors: Salvador Cristina , Quyen Vu Tuong
Published: June 2023

This paper reports a study in the context of a product design research about classroom furniture in Vietnam and is based on the review of literature. The objective of the research project is to help improve Vietnamese children's well-being, developing a proposal of classroom furniture more adapted to primary school children, using local materials and production processes, reducing carbon footprint and contributing to sustainability. In this Southeast Asian country, children spend a long time at school, daily, performing a lot of different activities and are still experiencing non-suitable classroom furniture, leading to wrong posture, posing safety risks and possibly harming their present and future health. Sustainability also seems to be overlooked, as the application of materials with less environmental impact is not a priority. The study helped on the contextualization and definition of the problem, providing information about the status quo in Vietnamese primary schools' furniture and pointed directions on this research project, towards more sustainable choices on materials, such as bamboo and its production processes. Adaptation to the Child is an aim in both health and environmental levels. Children's well-being at school depends on the interaction and comfort with their surroundings, including adapted and sustainable classroom furniture, which can support a healthier learning experience.
Achieving personalized wrist training: apply human factors in the control strategy of rehabilitation robot
Authors: Yu Ruolei , Yu Weiwei , Xu Luying , Chen Yasheng , Lu Donglai , Abderraouf Benali , Zhi Jin
Published: June 2023

The wrist is severe based on wear and tear caused by stroke and the rehabilitation process is very complex, nearly 1/3 of stroke patients still have serious upper limb dysfunction after half a year of rehabilitation treatment. The wrist rehabilitation process is very complex, and normally be divided according to the human recovery stage into multiple levels, and each stage requires different rehabilitation treatment methods. For example, according to the well-used Brunnstrom motor assessment method, the motor function of patients is divided into six stages from I to VI, and the rehabilitation process of patients can be roughly divided into early, middle and late terms.Although rehabilitation robot plays more and more important role in the wrist rehabilitation training, most of the existing research focus only on mechanical, electronic or controller design, and ergonomics is rarely discussed, resulting in the lack of consideration of human factors in wrist rehabilitation robot. Moreover, the robot control strategy associated rehabilitation theory is seldom studied, which hardly realize personalized training with different stage. Aiming at the problems involved in the above three rehabilitation stages, there are corresponding comprehensive rehabilitation strategies, namely passive rehabilitation training, assisted rehabilitation training and resistance rehabilitation training. Thus, this paper focus on the control strategies design of wrist rehabilitation robot that meets the requirements of human factors according to the different rehabilitation mechanisms and needs of patients at each stage. To define our research methodologies, we first constructed the methodological framework diagram and applied ergonomics to the control strategy of wrist rehabilitation robot. Apart from that, passive, assisted and resistant rehabilitation training modes are set for individuals in different stages of rehabilitation to realize personalized rehabilitation training. In addition, we evaluated the device satisfaction with the subjective evaluation scale. More specifically, the subjective scale was designed based on the Likert scale, and was set up in the order in which the interaction occurred. After the scale was made, we used SPSS to analyze the reliability and validity of the scale. Subsequently, a questionnaire was administered on the non-probability sample. The statistical analysis of the data by one-way ANOVA found that the device was quite comfortable. In conclusion, our NPU-Wrist operates on human factors throughout the design process and provides a valuable approach for subsequent rehabilitation robots.
Lane Changing Behavior Recognition of Other Vehicles Considering Driving Tendency
Authors: Hu Zhimao
Published: June 2023

Autonomous driving technology includes four links: perception, cognition, decision-making, and behaviour. The cognition plays a vital role as a bridge between perception and decision-making. In the cognition link, accurate identification of the intention and behaviour of surrounding vehicles is a necessary prerequisite for autonomous vehicles to make correct behaviour decisions, and it is conducive to reducing the driving risk of own vehicle. Different from driving style, driving tendency has the characteristics of dynamic and behavioural decision-making preference. Being able to identify the driving tendency of surrounding vehicles in real time will be more conducive to making reasonable behavioural decisions for own vehicle. Therefore, this paper takes the lane change trajectory data of passenger cars in the NGSIM open-source database as the research sample. Firstly, the problem of data imbalance is considered, and the imbalanced samples are sampled using the method of uniformly dividing the data set. Secondly, from the perspective of own vehicle, the characteristic indicators that can represent the tendency of the surrounding vehicles to change lanes are mined. Finally, the GRU deep learning algorithm is used to establish a real-time identification model for aggressive lane change behaviour. Compared with the traditional method, the method proposed in this paper can effectively identify the tendency of lane change behaviour of surrounding vehicles in the early stage of lane-changing behaviour and has higher recognition accuracy. The research results show that the real-time identification of the tendency of the lane change behaviour of the surrounding vehicles is beneficial to the assessment and quantification of the driving risk of own vehicle, and also provides a theoretical basis for the decision-making of own vehicle, which is of great significance to the safe driving of own vehicle.
Evergreen: A Mixed Reality Transformation for Experiencing Plant Dyeing
Authors: Hong Haoran , Lin Weiyue , Li Genshen , Kobayashi Hiroki , She Yingying , Chen Yiran , Xiao Pintong , Fu Yinan , Lei Jiayi
Published: June 2023

Plant dyeing is a traditional process of dyeing with plants, which is natural, environmentally friendly and safe. However, in modern times, due to the widespread popularity of low-cost chemical dyeing and changeless conventional exhibition forms, plant dyeing is gradually losing people's attention. With an increasing urgent need to promote this sustainable ancient handicraft, the transformation and evolution of conventional plant dyeing exhibitions are of great importance, towards experiences that are helpful for the public to understand courses of plant dyeing, during which the advocated products bring people the aesthetic satisfaction and consumption desire. To enhance the effectiveness and improve the learning experience of exhibition activities, we applied MR (Mixed-Reality) technologies to construct an environment by merging the real and virtual worlds. Allowing participants to interact with the coexisting physical and digital objects, this MR environment sets up an interactive feedback information loop between the virtual world, real world and participants, intensifying the sense of reality in user experience. In this paper, we designed a transformation of promotion from traditional physical exhibitions to mix-reality ones, and implemented Evergreen, a MR interactive space that allows people to experience plant dyeing. As it was demonstrated at an art exhibition in Xiamen city, China, we conducted user tests on site to verify the effectiveness of this proposed transformation.
The application of digital art in experimental font design
Authors: Cheng Xie Li , Zheng Chao , Zhan Xinhao , Zeng Yichen , Zhang Xinlei , Qiu Bingkun
Published: June 2023

The development of digital art has profoundly changed people's reading habits and also affected the design methods and visual presentation of fonts. Meanwhile, the application media, scenes, and fonts' communication modes have become more diverse. Since the development of font design, a font is no longer a two-dimensional symbol that can only be communicated through shape and language. More and more artists create and express words through digital art. At this time, the role of "character" has gone far beyond the communication of sound or ideographic information, but has become the carrier of presenting some new concepts and ideas. "Experimental font" focuses on the visual presentation of font and the exploration of "experimental" behavior itself. It is reflected in the creation of the font itself and includes "character" in various visual situations to explore the boundary of visual form and text meaning. The application of digital art in experimental fonts adds a dynamic dimension to the fonts, which not only enriches the visual perception, but also breaks through the limitations of space and material, and improves the interactive and experiential feeling of experimental fonts. This paper will discuss the above characteristics of experimental font design under digital art, and look forward to the development of Chinese experimental font design.
Interaction preferences of human body's natural gestures and gestures in smart Large displays scenarios
Authors: Li Yanhui , He Ren-Ke
Published: June 2023

With the rapid development of smart Large displays and motion sensing technology in the past ten years, gesture interaction based on smart Large displays has become more and more popular in home and public environments. The freehand interaction of smart large screen can be applied to traditional desktop displays and input Situations where equipment is unsuitable or insufficient for information presentation and task manipulation.This paper discusses the influence of natural body posture factors and interaction distance on the gesture interaction of the home smart Large displays. The user completes the specified task by customizing gestures in the home smart screen in a natural posture. The gestures displayed by the user are counted and the smart Large displays is designed. A set of user-defined interactive gestures in household scenarios. The perceived usability evaluation experiment of the user-defined interactive gesture set is conducted, the perceived usability and workload of the user gesture set are recorded, and the best gesture command preference is screened out.The results showed that the same natural posture had a significant impact on the application variation of gestures, with significant differences in interaction performance, perceived usability, and workload between sitting and lying postures. This study provided implications that are likely to improve the design and deployment of large display-based freehand interaction techniques.
Understanding the Dietary Need of a Local Food Bank’s Population Using Visual Analytics
Authors: Hamilton Mikaya , Jiang Steven , Davis Lauren
Published: June 2023

Food banks are at the forefront of the battle against food insecurity which is a condition where households do not have adequate access to food. Traditionally speaking, food banks focus on distributing food to meet the needs. Recently, more food banks are shifting to supply adequate healthy food based on the populations they serve. However, the question remains whether a local food bank can find racial communities in need with dietary considerations. This study's purpose is to use data collected by a local food bank and create visualizations to aid strategic decision-making for the food bank to recognize racial communities with those who have dietary considerations. Results revealed nine out of sixteen counties in the service area of the local food bank have the highest number of African Americans allergic to shellfish compared to a few counties having the highest number of Whites, American Indians, and Hispanic/Latinos. Additionally, 53.7% of African Americans, 11.2% of Hispanics and Latinos, and 34.3% of Whites face lactose intolerance. Data shows that African Americans have the highest number of dietary considerations in most categories that are in several counties. The significance of this study supports a local food bank in finding dietary considerations within the areas they serve. Finding racial communities that face dietary considerations will aid the local food bank in making better strategic decisions on what types of food they should serve and where. Ultimately, the importance of this study is to combat food insecurity and hunger, so that members of the local food bank community can have dignity in knowing the food that will be given is valuable and not wasted.
Detecting Stroke in Human Beings using Machine Learning
Authors: Oni Damilola , Mishra Satyam , Trung Thanh Le , Minh Phuc Vu , Pham Yen
Published: June 2023

In developing and underdeveloped nations, stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability. Stroke is a life-threatening condition that develops when there is a lack of blood flow to the brain from the carotid arteries and vertebral arteries. Because the brain suffers damage and can quickly expire without oxygen, stroke frequently results in death and can occasionally affect nearby body parts if the patient is not given prompt medical attention. Spasticity, contractures, paralysis, and death are among the effects. According to the World Health Organization, stroke accounts for over 137,000 fatalities per year in the United States alone and over 451,000 deaths per year in Africa. Today, stroke is a medical illness that affects people in practically every region of the world, including industrialized, developing, and undeveloped nations. In general, 1 in 4 adults over 25 will experience a stroke at some point in their lives. This year, 12.2 million people are predicted to experience their first stroke, and 6.5 million of them will pass away as a result. The number of stroke victims worldwide exceeds 110 million. What if this global endemic could be stopped? The world will be safer and life expectancy will rise if accurate stroke prediction technology is developed. We have proposed our research study to develop a solution to predict strokes in people using machine learning. We have employed four models/classifiers to check the accuracy on each of them with same dataset of people and we have achieved great results. The two models gave 98% and 98.29% successful accuracy results which is very close to state-of-the-art methods (99%).
Development of a Home-based Augmented Reality Rehabilitation System for the Elderly with Disabilities
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Shi Yehua , Lau Cathy , Tong Kai-Yu
Published: June 2023

Ageing is accelerating rapidly worldwide. Rehabilitation services are important to maintain the quality of life of the elderly. Clinical therapists share heavy workloads to deliver professional rehabilitation services to the elderly people. Home-based rehabilitation systems are proposed to provide professional training with more flexibility at a convenient time slot and venue. However, most existing home-based rehabilitation systems only provide game for fun or a video-conference platform to have one-to-one training with a therapist. In this study, we designed a home-based augmented reality (AR) rehabilitation system which integrates more than 45 professional rehabilitation training exercises designed by physical therapists and occupational therapists, combined with real-time AR guidance to provide feedback to users’ motions. The new platform does not require the therapist to be online during the time of training and it provides real-time guidance based on users’ 3D body segment motion. A pilot trial was conducted by recruiting 10 elderly subjects with disability to receive a 20 sessions of rehabilitation training using the AR rehabilitation training system. The AR rehabilitation training system can provide an objective and comprehensive performance report for users after each exercise session, which include the score of the corresponding exercise, the curves and the measurement of the significant biomechanics data. The results showed that the system could effectively improve the joint movement and body balance. A questionnaire survey was conducted among all the subjects after they finished the training, the results showed that they were very satisfied with the AR rehabilitation system. This study demonstrates that a home-based AR rehabilitation system has the potential to be applied in clinical application to support the elderly people to improve their physical dysfunction and maintain their quality of life.
Detecting and monitoring wandering in AD patients with an integrated device based on Humanitude
Authors: Cervantes Alarcón Gabriela , Navarro Tuch Sergio , Lopez Aguilar Ariel , Marlene Camacho Bustamante Lili , Bustamante-Bello Rogelio
Published: June 2023

Alzheimer is a neurodegenerative type of dementia, that has progressive impairment of cognitive and behavioral functions, most commonly presented above 65 years old and it is divided in three stages. Wandering is the most frightening symptom for familiars and caregivers in the mild stage (second stage of the disease) because it can cause from a minor damage to death. Detecting and monitoring wandering is a complex task and has become a strong research line for several research projects. This paper focuses in proposing, developing and testing a support system for monitoring trajectories to identify direction changes alterations and positioning. The proposed system is called Motion acquisition system + Global positioning system(SAM + GPS). The system integrates an accelerometer, magnetometer, gyroscope and a GPS module. To address this challenge, after the development of the device, a pilot test was conducted with 9 young adult healthy subjects instrumented with the SAM + GPS. Each subject needed to route 2 specific trajectories to prove that the integrated device was able to measure different direction changes and map an accurate trajectory for future wandering detection. It was found that the SAM + GPS had an acceptable error of 12.29% measuring the direction changes in the first trajectory and a 27.44% critical error in the second trajectory. In addition, the device was able to map most of the trajectories with high similarities to an ideal pattern traced with the expected horizontal accuracy of 2.5m of the GPS Neo 6m module. It is worth mentioning that the device had a better performance in outdoor environments than in indoor environments, so in future work, more tests are considered with a larger population sample with the integration of an indoor positioning system and Humanitude methodologyprinciples.
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: The Explainability Ethical Paradox
Authors: Seitzinger Patrick , Kalra Jay
Published: June 2023

Explainability is among the most debated and pivotal discussions in the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies across the globe. The development of AI in medicine has reached a tipping point in medicine with implications across all sectors. How we proceed with the issue of explainability will shape the direction and manner in which healthcare evolves. We require new tools that brings us beyond our current levels of medical understanding and capabilities. However, we limit ourselves to tools that we can fully understand and explain. Implementing a tool that cannot be fully understandable by clinicians or patients violates medical ethics of informed consent. Yet, denying patients and the population attainable benefits of a new resource violates medical ethics of justice, health equity and autonomy. Fear of the unknown is not by itself a reason to halt the progression of medicine. Many of our current advancements were implemented prior to fully understanding its intricacies. To convey competence, some subfields of AI research have emphasized validity testing over explainability as a way to verify accuracy and build trust in AI systems. As a tool AI has shown immense potential in idea generation, data analysis, and pattern identification. AI will never be an independent system and will always require human oversight to ensure healthcare quality and ethical implementation. By using AI to augment, rather than replace clinical judgement, the caliber of patient care that we provide can be enhanced in a safe and sustainable manner. Addressing the explainability paradox in AI requires a multidisciplinary approach to address technical, legal, medical, and ethical aspects of this challenge.
An examination of factors beyond the 5C Model in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Decisions
Authors: Zhao Junyu , Or Calvin
Published: June 2023

A delay in accepting or a refusal of vaccination despite the availability of vaccination services is referred to as vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy has gained increased attention, particularly since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The most commonly used framework in studies of vaccine hesitancy and its determinants has been the 5C model. The 5C model posits that the five individual-level determinants influencing vaccine hesitancy are confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and a feeling of collective responsibility. However, other factors that may also be important in influencing vaccine hesitancy, such as sociodemographic and psychological determinants, have received less attention. Objectives: This study analyzed 1) the effectiveness of the 5C model in predicting the COVID-19 vaccination decision and 2) the association between COVID-19 vaccination decisions and the fear of being infected with COVID-19, attitude toward the media’s COVID-19 vaccination information, monetary incentives, political attitudes, perception of Hong Kong’s future, and attitude toward the vaccination advice of authorities (government officials and healthcare professionals). Methods: This study used data collected in an online questionnaire distributed from May 2022 to June 2022 during the fifth wave of the Omicron variants in Hong Kong. The questionnaire had 32 items measuring the COVID-19 vaccination status, demographic characteristics, the five determinants of the 5C model, and the following six additional factors: 1) fear of being infected with COVID-19, 2) attitude toward the media’s COVID-19 vaccination information, 3) monetary incentive, 4) political attitudes, 5) perception of Hong Kong’s future, and 6) attitude toward the vaccination advice of authorities. Results and Conclusions: For the 5C determinants, only confidence was significantly positively associated with COVID-19 vaccination, whereas complacency, constraints, and collective responsibility were associated when a relaxed p-value (p ≤ 0.25) was used. For the six additional factors, only attitude toward the media’s COVID-19 vaccination information was significantly positively correlated with vaccination status, and when a relaxed p-value (p ≤ 0.25) was used, a fear of being infected with COVID-19, political attitudes, and perception of Hong Kong's future was found to be associated. There was no evidence that calculation, monetary incentives, attitude toward the vaccination advice from authorities, or demographic characteristics were associated with COVID-19 vaccination decisions. The collinearity analysis among the 5C determinants and six additional factors suggested that the six new variables are additional determinants of vaccination decisions.
Specialized nurse care for the patient with an internal tracheotomy cannula in the intensive care public hospital of Peru
Authors: Espino Danicsa , Arbulu Carmen , Espino Madeleine , Valdera Anny Katherine Dávila , Dávila Luis , Carrasco Mayury Jackeline Espino , Cachay Royer Vasquez , Gasco Ana Maria Alvites , Romero Clarisa Gomez , Calderón Ricardo Rafael Díaz , Valdera Lady Violeta Dávila
Published: June 2023

In the intensive care unit (ICU), specialized critical care is provided to patients with multi- organ problems resulting from multiple diseases, requiring invasive and intensive care, therapy and monitoring with the support of high-tech equipment (Moreno et al., 2021). The general objective was to collect evidence to generate specialized nursing care guides for patients with internal tracheostomy cannula in intensive care units (ICU) in public hospitals of the Minsa of Peru. A type of secondary research was developed with an Evidence-Based Nursing methodology, formulating the PICOT clinical question: What are the nursing care that must be performed to avoid complications in the intensive care unit patient with internal cannula? For the collection of information, the following techniques and instruments were used, systematic review, for the bibliographic search, Google Scholar, Pubmed search engines were used, as well as databases: Science Direct and SciELO, finding a total of 7 investigations that They were evaluated through the Gálvez Toro validation guide, then the Boverieth Astete checklist, finally the level of evidence is given through the list of the USPreventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) the review had a level of evidence III (Referring to the opinion of experts based on clinical experience) had a grade of recommendation B , based on the GRADE classification system. The results obtained show 12 relevant care such as: Secretion aspiration, stoma cure, tracheal cannula changes, decannulation, expulsion of the mucous plug, hydration of the patient, treatment with mucolytics, humidification of the environment with mucolytics, respiratory physiotherapy, avoiding bleeding, prevent infection of the stoma, cleaning the cannula. It is concluded that the use of electronic equipment allows the nursing professional to provide specialized care to the patient with tracheotomy, evidence that at the same time allows the addition of guidelines in which care is unified in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
Design and proof of concept of chatbot for people with dementia
Authors: Pumarejo Ontañon Agustin , Bustamante-Bello Rogelio , Navarro Tuch Sergio , Lopez Aguilar Ariel , Marlene Camacho Bustamante Lili
Published: June 2023

Dementia is a chronic, degenerative, incapacitating disease that affects millions of people yearly. People with dementia require constant supervision and assistance, unfortunately, most caregivers are informal since professional healthcare can be unaffordable. We believe that this burden could be alleviated using a chatbot. Chatbots have seen an increase in use in healthcare over the past decade and they have been proven especially effective dealing with mental health disorders and chronic conditions. However, there is still room for improvement regarding their intelligence when compared to other cutting edge conversational agents and there are barely any bots that support Spanish. Furthermore, there are fewer chatbots specialized for people with any type of dementia. Alzheimer’s being the most common one, this research’s goal is to determine what features and characteristicsa chatbot for people with Alzheimer’s dementia should have. A comparative analysis of healthcare chatbots and development tools was conducted as groundwork for the design. An underdeveloped instance of said chatbot was implemented as a proof of concept, the architecture proposed allows for progress to be made on the chatbot without compromising its integrity. All the development was done using Azure tools, namely the bot framework composer, which was sufficient for the intended purposes but it poses serious limitations.
Team-Based Text Analytics for Health Information Systems Learning
Authors: Arnold Tim , Fuller Helen , Yee Serge , Nazeer Seema , Reeves Ruth
Published: June 2023

In healthcare operations, narrative text and comments from questionnaires are common and abundant. Making sense of and coming to some shared meanings around text comments from such questionnaires is often time consuming. A lack of resources and expertise may contribute to hesitation and indecisions when deciding on how or if to analyze text. Because of challenges with analyzing text in operational settings, there can be reluctance to capture rich narrative information. Nonetheless, narrative comments can be a source of rich information that with reliable and faster approaches for analyzing may help with informing operational decisions and human-centered design efforts. In this paper, we describe using text analytics approaches for contributing to thematic analysis of users’ comments to help with health information systems learning.Several text analytic approaches were explored as possible pathways to reduce the burden of reviewing comments about training around health information systems. Approaches included topic modelling, keyword extraction and creating word clouds, word co-occurrence and uniquely co-occurring word visualizations, and text classifiers and nomograms that highlights top linguistic features for the trained classifier. The team walked through example approaches and visualizations and decided on next steps.Visualizations of word co-occurrence and uniquely co-occurring word networks and top linguistic features used to train a naïve-bayes text classifier were used to envision possible categories or codes. Regular expressions were iteratively formulated consisting of some combination of words and stems as codes were formulated and extracts were repeatedly reviewed. Code formulation corresponded with refinement of regular expressions. Individual comments could be multi-labeled and not all comments were coded. Static visuals, text examples, regular expressions, and extract quantities were collected, presented, discussed, and refined with the review team.The purpose of this work was to explore text analytic approaches to assist with response interpretation and to apply filtering techniques for addressing concerns of information overload. Addressing concerns about information overload may reduce hesitation with collecting and examining text. By reframing this as a filtering problem, we began to inquire into ways to review, create codes, and code comments more quickly. Including and fine-tuning text analytics approaches may help teams learn more quickly from questionnaire comments about how users perceive working within health information systems. Finally, lowering thresholds for analyzing text may boost motivations for gathering rich information keeping us from missing out on vital viewpoints and language use across time.
Re-establishing the balance: A New Community-based Chronic Disease Management Service Model in China
Authors: Liu Renxuan , Wu Duan
Published: June 2023

As China's aging process accelerates, chronic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure gradually become hidden dangers that endanger the health of the elderly. Based on this, China has formulated a hierarchical medical system for chronic diseases and proposed a community-based chronic disease management plan. However, there are some problems, such as insufficient service resources and unreasonable satisfaction of patients' needs in the actual implementation process. Based on the Kano model, this study analyzes the demands of patients with chronic diseases in the Chinese community at this stage. It matches their existing service subjects according to the priority of demands and then constructs a community-based chronic disease management service model. This study aims to accurately identify the demands of patients with chronic diseases, redistribute and reuse existing facilities and resources, and balance the supply and demand relationship among service subjects and patients. It can provide more humane health management services for chronic disease patients in the community context.
Pilot study on the filtration efficiency of non-medical facemasks according to fit
Authors: Morishima Mika , Fujii Momoka
Published: June 2023

A non-medical facemask is one of the health care products used to prevent harmful substances from entering the human body. In the wake of COVID-19 outbreak, the effect of wearing a facemask has been researched all over the world. However, the comfort based on fit while wearing a facemask in the community setting continues to be an issue. Therefore, we have been studying the fit and comfort of non-medical facemasks in an effort to develop our own design. In this presentation, we report the filtration efficiency (FE) of our prototype facemask based on the patterns with four sizes. The patterns were analysed in an earlier study. The FEs of the facemasks against particles with a particle size of 0.3–5.0 µm, from smallest to largest size, were 45.4%, 95.2%, 98.0%, and 98.3%. The prototype facemask with larger sizes statistically demonstrated a high FE. The FE depended on the area of the facemask and fit against the facial surface. The patterns were useful from the viewpoints of protection against particles.