bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous closure of arterio-venous pulmonary fistulas by redirection of hepatic venous blood 9 years after Glenn anastomosis in a 12-year-old girl
Authors: Gendera Katarzyna , Eicken Andreas , Ewert Peter
Published: September 2019

We report on a 12-year-old girl with Ebstein’s anomaly after a unidirectional Glenn procedure with surgical ligation of the proximal right pulmonary artery, who suffered from significant central cyanosis caused by multiple arterio-venous fistulas in the right lung. The continuity between the right pulmonary artery and the pulmonary trunk was restored with the use of radiofrequency perforation and consecutive covered stent implantation.
Outcomes of severe limb ischemia with tissue loss and impact of	revascularization in haemodialysis patients with wound, ischemia, and foot	infection (WIfI) stage 3 or 4
Authors: Sigl Martin , Noe Tanja , Ruemenapf Gerhard , Kraemer Bernhard K. , Morbach Stephan , Borggrefe Martin , Amendt Klaus
Published: September 2019

Summary. Background: With growing prevalence, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as critical limb ischemia (CLI) are both conditions associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Patients and methods: A retrospective single-centre study provided data of a German interdisciplinary vascular centre. Seventy-seven consecutive haemodialysis (HD) inpatients (median age, 73.6 years) with 91 threatened limbs with Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) clinical stage 3 or 4 were evaluated for in-hospital treatment of peripheral arterial disease, limb salvage rates, major amputation (MA)-free and overall survival. Results: The 1-year MA-free limb salvage rate was 82 %. On multivariate analysis, a higher WIfI clinical stage (hazard ratio [HR], 7.54; p = 0.008) indicated a higher risk of MA, while at least one-vessel run-off to the foot after revascularization of any kind was associated with a lower risk of MA (HR, 0.17; p = 0.001). In the composite endpoint analysis, the 1-year MA-free overall survival rate was 65 %. Patients with limbs in WIfI clinical stage 4 versus stage 3 carried a more than two-fold increased hazard of death or MA (HR, 2.63; p = 0.028), while revascularization was associated with reduced risk (HR, 0.40; p = 0.021). One-year overall survival (78 %) was not associated with WIfI stage or revascularization but was worse in patients with previous symptomatic coronary artery disease (HR, 3.25; p = 0.039). During long-term follow-up over 12 years, MA-free survival probability was significantly lower in the WIfI stage 4 versus WIfI stage 3 group (HR, 1.58; p = 0.048) without significant differences in overall survival (HR, 1.10; p = 0.696). Conclusions: Lower-extremity CLI with tissue loss in HD patients is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. WIfI clinical stage was predictive of 1-year MA-free survival, while revascularization significantly reduced MA risk but did not influence overall survival.
Understanding Cassini RPWS Antenna Signals Triggered by Dust Impacts
Authors: Ye S.‐Y. , Vaverka J. , Nouzak L. , Sternovsky Z. , Zaslavsky A. , Pavlu J. , Mann I. , Hsu H.‐W. , Averkamp T. F. , Sulaiman A. H. , Pisa D. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Kurth W. S. , Horanyi M.
Published: September 2019

Electric field antennas are capable of detecting dust impacts in different space environment. We analyze the dust impact signals detected by the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument at different locations around Saturn and compare them with dust impact signals simulated in laboratory conditions and numerically. The spacecraft potential, the size, and capacitance of the impacted element and ambient plasma have a strong effect on the amplitude and the shape of impact signals, providing important clues to understanding the signal generation mechanism. The voltage signal on the antenna is due to the separation of the impact generated charges, which occurs as electrons and ions can either escape (at different speeds) or be collected by the impacted element depending on the spacecraft potential.
Experimental Constraints on Intensive Crystallization Parameters and Fractionation in A‐Type Granites: A Case Study on the Qitianling Pluton, South China
Authors: Huang Fangfang , Scaillet Bruno , Wang Rucheng , Erdmann Saskia , Chen Yan , Faure Michel , Liu Hongsheng , Xie Lei , Wang Bo , Zhu Jinchu
Published: September 2019

Phase equilibrium experiments are essential for robustly and accurately constraining the intensive parameters of magma systems and their fractionation history, which is particularly true for A‐type granites crystallized from H2O‐rich melts and at reducing conditions. Here, we constrain the crystallization conditions of the ferroan (A‐type), Sn‐mineralized Qitianling granite of South China, which formed during a major event of crustal formation and reorganization in the Mesozoic. To characterize the magma system conditions and fractionation, we have carried out a series of experiments on three representative, amphibole‐bearing samples. The experiments were performed at 100–700 MPa (mainly at 200 and 300 MPa), at anfO2of ~NNO−1.3 (1.3 log unit below the Ni‐NiO buffer) or ~NNO+2.4, at 660 to 900 °C, and at variable H2Omelt(~3–9 wt %). They show that the Qitianling magmas last crystallized at ≥300–350 MPa, at a H2Omelt≥ 6.5–8.0 wt %, and that magmaticfO2was ~NNO−1.3 ± 0.5 at above‐solidus conditions. Amphibole texture in the rocks suggests an early crystallization of this mineral, hence that water‐rich (≥4 wt % H2O in melt) conditions prevailed early during the magmatic evolution, prior to amphibole crystallization. At all investigated conditions, amphibole crystallization requires at least 5–6 wt % dissolved H2O, being even absent in the more potassic composition. We interpret this as resulting from the elevated K2O content of the investigated compositions that inhibits amphibole crystallization in metaluminous granitic systems. The experimental liquid line of descent obtained at 200–300 MPa mimics the geochemical trend expressed by the pluton suggesting that fractionation occurred in the upper crustal reservoir.
Hydrologic Shifts Create Complex Transient Distributions of Particulate Organic Carbon and Biogeochemical Responses in Beach Aquifers
Authors: Kim Kyra H. , Michael Holly A. , Field Erin K. , Ullman William J.
Published: September 2019

Biogeochemical reactions within intertidal zones of coastal aquifers have been shown to alter the concentrations of terrestrial solutes prior to their discharge to surface waters. In organic‐poor sandy aquifers, the input of marine organic matter from infiltrating seawater supports active biogeochemical reactions within the sediments. However, while the seasonality of surface water organic carbon concentrations (primary production) and groundwater mixing have been documented, there is limited understanding of the transience of various organic carbon pools (pore water particulate, dissolved, sedimentary) within the aquifer and how these relate to the location and magnitudes of biogeochemical reactions over time. To understand the relationship between changes in groundwater flow and the seasonal migration of geochemical patterns, beach pore water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed from six field sampling events spanning 2 years. While the seasonally dynamic patterns of aerobic respiration closely followed those of salinity, redox conditions and nutrient characteristics (distributions of N and P, denitrification rates) were unrelated to contemporaneous salinity patterns. This divergence was attributed to the spatial variations of reactive particulate organic carbon distributions, unrelated to salinity patterns, likely due to filtration, retardation, and immobilization dynamics during transport within the sediments. Results support a “carbon memory” effect within the beach, with the evolution and migration of reaction patterns relating to the distribution of these scattered carbon pools as more mobile solutes move over less mobile pools during changes in hydrologic conditions. This holds important implications for the prediction and quantification of biogeochemical reactions within beach systems.
Goat lung surfactant for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome among preterm neonates: a multi-site randomized non-inferiority trial
Authors: Jain Kajal , Nangia Sushma , Ballambattu Vishnu Bhat , Sundaram Venkataseshan , Sankar M. Jeeva , Ramji Siddharth , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Thukral Anu , Gupta Yogendra Kumar , Plakkal Nishad , Sundaram Mangalabharathi , Jajoo Mamta , Kumar Praveen , Jayaraman Kumutha , Jain Ashish , Saili Arvind , Murugesan Anitha , Chawla Deepak , Murki Srinivas , Nanavati Ruchi , Rao Suman , Vaidya Umesh , Mehta Ashish , Arora Kamal , Mondkar Jayashree , Arya Sugandha , Bahl Monika , Utture Alpana , Manerkar Swati , Bhat Swarna Rekha , Parikh Tushar , Kumar Manish , Bajpai Anurag , Sivanandan Sindhu , Dhawan Pawandeep Kaur , Vishwakarma Gayatri , Bangera Sudhakar , Kumar Sumit , Gopalakrishnan Shridhar , Jindal Atul , Natarajan Chandra Kumar , Saini Anumeet , Karunanidhi Sukanya , Malik Meenakshi , Narang Parul , Kaur Gurkirat , Yadav Chander Prakash , Deorari Ashok , Paul Vinod K. , Agarwal Ramesh
Published: September 2019

Objective

To investigate the safety and efficacy of goat lung surfactant extract (GLSE) compared with bovine surfactant extract (beractant; Survanta®, AbbVie, USA) for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Study design

We conducted a double-blind, non-inferiority, randomized trial in seven Indian centers between June 22, 2016 and January 11, 2018. Preterm neonates of 26 to 32 weeks gestation with clinical diagnosis of RDS were randomized to receive either GLSE or beractant. Repeat dose, if required, was open-label beractant in both the groups. The primary outcome was a composite of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Interim analyses were done by an independent data and safety monitoring board (DSMB).

Result

After the first interim analyses on 5% enrolment, the “need for repeat dose(s) of surfactant” was added as an additional primary outcome and enrolment restricted to intramural births at five of the seven participating centers. Following second interim analysis after 98 (10% of 900 planned) neonates were enroled, DSMB recommended closure of study in view of inferior efficacy of GLSE in comparison to beractant. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome of death or BPD between GLSE group (n = 52) and beractant group (n = 46) (50.0 vs. 39.1%; OR 1.5; 95% CI 0.7–3.5; p = 0.28). The need for repeat dose of surfactant was significantly higher in GLSE group (65.4 vs. 17.4%; OR 9.0; 95% CI 3.5–23.3; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Goat lung surfactant was less efficacious than beractant (Survanta®) for treatment of RDS in preterm infants. Reasons to ascertain inferior efficacy of goat lung surfactant requires investigation and possible mitigating strategies in order to develop a low-cost and effective surfactant.
Direct synthesis of two-dimensional MoS2 on p-type Si and application to solar hydrogen production
Authors: Hasani Amirhossein , Le Quyet Van , Tekalgne Mahider , Choi Min-Ju , Lee Tae Hyung , Jang Ho Won , Kim Soo Young
Published: September 2019

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising two-dimensional (2D) materials, and MoS2 has been specifically utilized in electronic devices and integrated circuits. However, the direct synthesis of MoS2 on traditional semiconductors, such as silicon, remains challenging due to the hydrophobic surface of nonoxide wafers (e.g., Si, GaAs, and InP). Herein, a novel, facile, reliable, and one-step method for the direct synthesis of single-crystal MoS2 on a p-Si wafer via hybrid thermolysis is proposed. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, a MoS2/p-Si heterojunction was fabricated and used for solar-driven hydrogen production. The as-fabricated n-MoS2/p-Si heterojunction exhibited a benchmark current density of −13.5 ± 1 mA/cm2 at 0 V and an onset potential of +0.02 V. This method reliably and efficiently produced high-quality MoS2 crystals on a wafer scale and is sufficiently simple to overcome the challenges associated with previous approaches. The method developed herein represents a tremendous advancement in the fabrication of 2D electronic devices.
Asymmetric Janus adhesive tape prepared by interfacial hydrosilylation for wet/dry amphibious adhesion
Authors: Wan Xizi , Gu Zhen , Zhang Feilong , Hao Dezhao , Liu Xi , Dai Bing , Song Yongyang , Wang Shutao
Published: September 2019

Janus films with asymmetric properties on opposite sides have been widely used to facilitate energy storage, ion transport, nanofiltration, and responsive bending. However, studies on Janus films rarely involve controlling surface adhesion, either dry or wet adhesion. Herein, we report Janus adhesive tape with an asymmetrically crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) network prepared through an interfacial hydrosilylation strategy, realizing wet/dry amphibious adhesion on various solid surfaces. The lightly crosslinked side of the Janus adhesive tape acts as an adhesive layer with high adhesion, and the highly crosslinked side functions as a supporting layer with high mechanical strength. This Janus adhesive tape with good adhesion and mechanical properties can be dyed different colors and can act as an underwater adhesive and a skin adhesive for wearable electronic devices. This study provides a promising design model for next-generation adhesive materials and related applications.
Correction: ‘You’ve got dry macular degeneration, end of story’: a qualitative study into the experience of living with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Taylor Deanna J. , Jones Lee , Binns Alison M. , Crabb David P.
Published: September 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
CXCR1- or CXCR2-modified CAR T cells co-opt IL-8 for maximal antitumor efficacy in solid tumors
Authors: Jin Linchun , Tao Haipeng , Karachi Aida , Long Yu , Hou Alicia Y. , Na Meng , Dyson Kyle A. , Grippin Adam J. , Deleyrolle Loic P. , Zhang Wang , Rajon Didier A. , Wang Qiong J. , Yang James C. , Kresak Jesse L. , Sayour Elias J. , Rahman Maryam , Bova Frank J. , Lin Zhiguo , Mitchell Duane A. , Huang Jianping
Published: September 2019

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting solid tumors has stagnated as a result of tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive microenvironments, and inadequate intratumoral T cell trafficking and persistence. Early (≤3 days) intratumoral presentation of CAR T cells post-treatment is a superior predictor of survival than peripheral persistence. Therefore, we have co-opted IL-8 release from tumors to enhance intratumoral T-cell trafficking through a CAR design for maximal antitumor activity in solid tumors. Here, we demonstrate that IL-8 receptor, CXCR1 or CXCR2, modified CARs markedly enhance migration and persistence of T cells in the tumor, which induce complete tumor regression and long-lasting immunologic memory in pre-clinical models of aggressive tumors such as glioblastoma, ovarian and pancreatic cancer.
Gene Regulatory Networks in Peripheral Mononuclear Cells Reveals Critical Regulatory Modules and Regulators of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gnanakkumaar Perumal , Murugesan Ram , Ahmed Shiek S. S. J.
Published: September 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, demyelinating disease with the involvement of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Increasing efforts have been made towards identifying the diagnostic markers to differentiate the classes of MS from other similar neurological conditions. Using a systems biology approach, we constructed four types of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) involved in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The regulatory strength of each GRN across primary progressive MS (PPMS), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and control were evaluated by an integrity algorithm. Among the constructed GRNs (referred as TF_gene_miRNA), POU3F2_CDK6_hsa-miR-590-3p, MEIS1_CASC3_hsa-miR-1261, STAT3_OGG1_hsa-miR-298, and TCF4_FMR1_hsa-miR-301b were top-ranked and differentially regulated in all classes of MS compared to control. These GRNs showed potential involvement in regulating various molecular pathways such as interleukin, integrin, glypican, sphingosine phosphate, androgen, and Wnt signaling pathways. For validation, the qPCR analysis of the GRN components (TFs, gene, and miRNAs) in PBMCs of healthy controls (n = 30), RRMS (n = 14), PPMS (n = 13) and SPMS (n = 12) were carried out. Real-time expression analysis of GRNs showed a similar regulatory pattern as derived from our systems biology approach. Also, our study provided several novel GRNs that regulate unique and common molecular mechanisms between MS conditions. Hence, these regulatory components of GRNs will help to understand the disease mechanism across MS classes and further insight may though light towards diagnosis.
Heterojunction α-Co(OH)2/α-Ni(OH)2 nanorods arrays on Ni foam with high utilization rate and excellent structure stability for high-performance supercapacitor
Authors: Zhou Shaojie , Wei Wutao , Zhang Yingying , Cui Shizhong , Chen Weihua , Mi Liwei
Published: September 2019

The practical implementation of supercapacitors is hindered by low utilization and poor structural stability of electrode materials. Herein, to surmount these critical challenges, a three-dimensional hierarchical α-Co(OH)2/α-Ni(OH)2 heterojunction nanorods are built in situ on Ni foam through a mild two-step growth reaction. The unique lamellar crystal structure and abundant intercalated anions of α-M(OH)2 (M = Co or Ni) and the ideal electronic conductivity of α-Co(OH)2 construct numerous cross-linked ion and electron transport paths in heterojunction nanorods. The deformation stresses exerted by α-Co(OH)2 and α-Ni(OH)2 on each other guarantee the excellent structural stability of this heterojunction nanorods. Using nickel foam with a three-dimensional network conductive framework as the template ensures the rapidly transfer of electrons between this heterojunction nanorods and current collector. Three-dimensional hierarchical structure of α-Co(OH)2/α-Ni(OH)2 heterojunction nanorods provides a large liquid interface area. These result together in the high utilization rate and excellent structure stability of the α-Co(OH)2/α-Ni(OH)2 heterojunction nanorods. And the capacitance retention rate is up to 93.4% at 1 A g−1 from three-electrode system to two-electrode system. The α-Co(OH)2/α-Ni(OH)2//AC device also present a long cycle life (the capacitance retention rate is 123.6% at 5 A g−1 for 10000 cycles), a high specific capacitance (207.2 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), and high energy density and power density (72.6 Wh kg−1 at 196.4 W kg−1 and 40.9 Wh kg−1 at 3491.8 W kg−1), exhibiting a fascinating potential for supercapacitor in large-scale applications.
Seal and Sea lion Whiskers Detect Slips of Vortices Similar as Rats Sense Textures
Authors: Muthuramalingam Muthukumar , Bruecker Christoph
Published: September 2019

Pinnipeds like seals and sea lions use their whiskers to hunt their prey in dark and turbid situations. There is currently no theoretical model or hypothesis to explain the interaction between whiskers and hydrodynamic fish trails. The current study, however, provides a theoretical and experimental insight into the mechanism behind the detection of the Strouhal frequency from a Von-Karman vortex street, similar to that of the inverted hydrodynamic fish trail. Herein the flow around a 3D printed sea lion head, with integrated whiskers of comparable geometry and material properties to a real seal lion, is investigated when exposed to vortex streets generated by cylindrical bluff bodies. The whiskers respond to the vortices with a jerky motion, analogous to the stick-slip response of rat whiskers; this motion is found to be the time derivative of the Gaussian function. Compared to the displacement response, the time-derivative of the whisker response decodes the Strouhal frequency of the Von-Karman wake, which improves the sensing efficiency in noisy environments. The study hypothesizes that the time derivative of the whisker bending moment is the best physical variable that can be used as the input to the pinnipeds neural system.
A joint deep learning model to recover information and reduce artifacts in missing-wedge sinograms for electron tomography and beyond
Authors: Ding Guanglei , Liu Yitong , Zhang Rui , Xin Huolin L.
Published: September 2019

We present a joint model based on deep learning that is designed to inpaint the missing-wedge sinogram of electron tomography and reduce the residual artifacts in the reconstructed tomograms. Traditional methods, such as weighted back projection (WBP) and simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART), lack the ability to recover the unacquired project information as a result of the limited tilt range; consequently, the tomograms reconstructed using these methods are distorted and contaminated with the elongation, streaking, and ghost tail artifacts. To tackle this problem, we first design a sinogram filling model based on the use of Residual-in-Residual Dense Blocks in a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). Then, we use a U-net structured Generative Adversarial Network to reduce the residual artifacts. We build a two-step model to perform information recovery and artifacts removal in their respective suitable domain. Compared with the traditional methods, our method offers superior Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) to WBP and SART; even with a missing wedge of 45°, our method offers reconstructed images that closely resemble the ground truth with nearly no artifacts. In addition, our model has the advantage of not needing inputs from human operators or setting hyperparameters such as iteration steps and relaxation coefficient used in TV-based methods, which highly relies on human experience and parameter fine turning.
A quadruple-labeling luminescence strategy for multiplexed immunoassay of 51 drugs in milk with an automated pretreatment system
Authors: Zhang Yaqing , Chang Xiaoxi , Wang Xin , Tao Xiaoqi
Published: September 2019

Development of quadruple-labeling luminescence strategy multiplexed immunoassay (QLL-MIA) for simultaneous extraction and determination of 51 drugs in milk. The schematic of QLL-MIA for quantitative determination of FQs, β-lactams, SAs and CAP.
A hydrothermally stable ytterbium metal–organic framework as a bifunctional solid-acid catalyst for glucose conversion
Authors: Burnett David L. , Oozeerally Ryan , Pertiwi Ralentri , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Cherkasov Nikolay , Clarkson Guy J. , Krisnandi Yuni K. , Degirmenci Volkan , Walton Richard I.
Published: September 2019

A ytterbium–organic framework containing Lewis and Brønsted acid sites that effects transformation of glucose to 5-HMF in water at 140 °C.
Expression of concern: Ligand discrimination of myoglobin in solution: an iron L-edge X-ray absorption study of the active centre
Authors: Kelly Richard
Published: September 2019

Expression of concern for ‘Ligand discrimination of myoglobin in solution: an iron L-edge X-ray absorption study of the active centre’ by Kathrin M. Lange et al., Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 4163–4165.
A theoretical investigation on boron–ligand cooperation to activate molecular hydrogen by a frustrated Lewis pair and subsequent reduction of carbon dioxide
Authors: Ghara Manas , Pan Sudip , Chattaraj Pratim K.
Published: September 2019

Activation of molecular hydrogen by a B/N frustrated Lewis pair.
Chalcogen bonding of two ligands to hypervalent YF4(Y = S, Se, Te, Po)
Authors: Zierkiewicz Wiktor , Wysokiński Rafał , Michalczyk Mariusz , Scheiner Steve
Published: September 2019

YF4can engage in two simultaneous chalcogen bonds with a pair of bases. Incisdimer ligands are bound through σ-holes while in trans complex one ligand is held by σ-hole and another one by π-hole.
Breakdown of continuum model for water transport and desalination through ultrathin graphene nanopores: insights from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Sahu Pooja , Ali Sk. Musharaf
Published: September 2019

In the quest for identifying a graphene membrane for efficient water desalination, molecular dynamics simulations were performed for the pressure-driven flow of salty water across a multilayer graphene membrane.
Molecular dynamics investigations of oligosaccharides recognized by family 16 and 22 carbohydrate binding modules
Authors: Wang Ruihan , Xu Dingguo
Published: September 2019

MD simulations were applied to address the substrate binding specificity of carbohydrate binding modules to a cello-oligosaccharide and a xylo-oligosaccharide.
Slow magnetic relaxation in Dy2 and Dy4 complexes of a versatile, trifunctional polydentate N,O-ligand
Authors: Anwar Muhammad U. , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Rawson Jeremy M. , Gavey Emma L. , Regier Jeffery , Alexandropoulos Dimitrios , Pilkington Melanie , Thompson Laurence K.
Published: September 2019

A binuclear DyIII complex exhibits slow relaxation of magnetization under an applied dc field, while its tetranuclear counterpart exhibits “true” zero-field SMM behaviour.
Acetylene and terminal alkyne complexes of copper(i) supported by fluorinated pyrazolates: syntheses, structures, and transformations
Authors: Parasar Devaborniny , Ponduru Tharun T. , Noonikara-Poyil Anurag , Jayaratna Naleen B. , Dias H. V. Rasika
Published: September 2019

A variety of isolable, 2 : 1 and 1 : 1 copper(i)–alkyne complexes of containing pyrazolate ligand supports are presented as well as the copper pyrazolate mediated acetylenic C–H and alkyne CC bond functionalizations.
The promoter effect of Co on the catalytic activity of the Cu oxide active phase supported on Al2O3 in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol
Authors: Sepúlveda C. , Cruces K. , Gajardo J. , Seguel J. , García R. , Salinas D. , Fierro J. L. G. , Ghampson I. T. , Serpell R. , Escalona N.
Published: September 2019

The CuCo2O4 species formed by CoO addition on CuO/Al2O3 had a beneficial effect on the catalytic activity in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol.
Metallohelices that kill Gram-negative pathogens using intracellular antimicrobial peptide pathways
Authors: Simpson Daniel H. , Hapeshi Alexia , Rogers Nicola J. , Brabec Viktor , Clarkson Guy J. , Fox David J. , Hrabina Ondrej , Kay Gemma L. , King Andrew K. , Malina Jaroslav , Millard Andrew D. , Moat John , Roper David I. , Song Hualong , Waterfield Nicholas R. , Scott Peter
Published: September 2019

Iron-based self-assembled optically pure compounds mimic the mechanisms of small peptides, according to biophysical, genomic, transcriptomic and other analyses.
Membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) proteins down-regulate cell surface expression of the interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain (IL6Rα)
Authors: Babon Jeffrey J. , Stockwell Dina , DiRago Ladina , Zhang Jian-Guo , Laktyushin Artem , Villadangos Jose , Ching Alan , Ishido Satoshi , Hilton Douglas J. , Alexander Warren S. , Nicola Nicos A.
Published: September 2019

Interleukin 6 (IL6) is a cytokine that regulates a number of important immune and inflammatory pathways. We used the ability of IL6 to inhibit the clonal proliferation of the mouse M1 myeloid leukemia cell line in agar to positively screen a cDNA expression library for proteins that inhibited IL6 activity. We found three clones completely resistant to IL6 that contained the cDNA for the Membrane-Associated RING-CH E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH2. MARCH2 is a member of a family of membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligases that target cell surface receptors for degradation. MARCH2 overexpressing M1 clones retained responsiveness to the related cytokines leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M and we showed that its inhibitory effect was a result of selective down-regulation of the IL6 receptor alpha chain and not the shared receptor subunit, gp130 or other signalling molecules. This activity of MARCH2 was also shared with related proteins MARCH4, MARCH9 and an isoform of MARCH3. The transmembrane domains and C-terminal domains, as well as a functional RING domain, of MARCH proteins were all required for substrate recognition and down-regulation. Genetic deletion of individual MARCH proteins in mice had no or little effect on IL6Rα levels but combined deletions of MARCH2,3 and 4 displayed elevated steady-state levels of IL6Rα in selected haemopoietic cell subsets including CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. These studies extend the potential immunosuppressive roles of MARCH proteins to include down-regulation of IL6 inflammatory responses.
A Survey of Clinicians With Specialization in Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Randazzo Melissa
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Little is known about how clinicians develop expertise in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), a rare speech disorder with heterogeneous presentation. The purpose of this survey study was to examine the beliefs and practices of clinicians specializing in CAS.

Method

Speech-language pathologists who self-identify as having expertise in CAS (
n
= 165) completed an online survey regarding influences on clinical practice and beliefs about CAS. Practice patterns and perspectives regarding CAS were analyzed for respondents who self-identify as having expertise in CAS, across 4 experience bands (1–5, 6–10, 11–15, and 15+ years).

Results

A majority of the respondents to this survey provide treatment to preschool-age children with CAS. Respondents report features used in differential diagnosis aligned with the
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (2007
) technical report, with inconsistency as a key feature. Results suggest that continuing education courses are highly influential in the perceived development of expertise and perspectives regarding CAS. Respondents expressed uncertainty about comorbidity of CAS with other communication disorders. Overall, beliefs and practices are relatively uniform across levels of clinical experience.

Conclusions

Practices and perspectives of clinicians who self-identify as having expertise with CAS are influenced by factors noted in previous literature. Results of this survey highlight the need for research on the development of expertise in the clinical management of CAS, updated consensus statements that reflect advances in current research, clarification regarding comorbidity of CAS with other communication disorders, and evaluation of continuing education opportunities.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9755459
Image style transfer learning for style‐strength control
Authors: Choi H.C. , Kim M.S.
Published: September 2019

Image style transferring is a process of generating an output image in a target style from a given pair of content and target style images. Recently, a simple linear interpolation technique in encoded feature space has been employed in this process to generate output images of intermediate style because controlling the strength of style transferring effect is a key function of an image editing filter. However, this simple technique is effective in generating images of around full style but around zero style hence it cannot smoothly control the style transferring effect from an original content image to a fully stylised image. In this Letter, the authors tackle the missing work on style‐strength control from content reconstruction to full style generation. To deal with this problem, they propose to use additional unbiased training data and losses for a style transfer network to learn an unbiased regression between output style strength and style control parameter. Experimental results verified that the proposed method achieved a full range of style‐strength control from zero style to full style with no additive complexity in image generating process.
A novel set‐membership control strategy for discrete‐time linear time‐varying systems
Authors: Zhang Yilian , Yang Fuwen , Han Qing‐Long , Zhu Yanfei
Published: September 2019

A novel set‐membership control strategy is investigated for a class of discrete time‐varying systems with unknown‐but‐bounded noises. Different from some existing set‐membership estimation based control methods, the proposed control strategy is designed by using state estimation sets instead of some specific estimation points. The controlled performance requirement is modelled as a new set‐membership performance constraint which ensures that the controlled output meets the requirement at any time instant. First, the set‐membership filtering method is used for obtaining the ellipsoidal state estimation set. Second, a set‐membership controller is constructed by utilising the state estimation which is arbitrarily chosen from the corresponding estimation set. Accordingly, sufficient conditions are derived such that the controlled system is asymptotically stable and satisfies the proposed performance constraint in the presence of unknown‐but‐bounded noises at each time instant. Then, a constructive computational algorithm is provided to describe the proposed control strategy. Finally, illustrative simulation examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analysis of leukaemic cells dynamics with multi‐stage maturation process using a new non‐linear positive model with distributed time‐delay
Authors: Zenati Abdelhafid , Chakir Massaoud , Tadjine Mohamed , Denai Mouloud
Published: September 2019

This study proposes a new non‐linear positive model with distributed time‐delay describing the dynamics of leukaemic cells lineages and their levels of maturity. The dynamic model is first reformulated into coupled non‐linear equations with distributed time‐delay using an appropriate transformation of the age‐structured transport partial differential equations that govern the dynamics of leukaemic cell populations. After assessing the positiveness of the proposed model, the conditions for the existence of positive steady‐states are established. Furthermore, the necessary and sufficient conditions for boundedness of the solutions are derived. Finally, the convergence of the proposed model to the origin is studied as this has an important biological interpretation which is the extinction of all generations of leukaemic cells following anti‐leukaemia treatments. To investigate the global asymptotic stability of this important equilibrium point, both model properties (i.e. positiveness and boundedness) are used to construct a suitable Lyapunov function for the characterisation of leukaemic cells dynamics. The results demonstrate a significant improvement for the treatment of leukaemia. Some simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Non‐linear hybrid approach for the scheduling of merchant underground pumped hydro energy storage
Authors: Toubeau Jean‐François , Iassinovski Sergei , Jean Emmanuel , Parfait Jean‐Yves , Bottieau Jérémie , De Grève Zacharie , Vallée François
Published: September 2019

As a result of the increased penetration of stochastic renewable generation, power systems have a growing need of flexibility for compensating real‐time mismatches between production and consumption of electricity. This flexibility can be efficiently provided by underground pumped hydro energy storage (UPHES), a new solution where end‐of‐life quarries or mines are rehabilitated as natural reservoirs. However, the operation of UPHES is significantly different from existing facilities, and is characterised by multiple non‐linear effects with fast dynamics mainly arising from the complex geometry of the unit, and water exchanges between the porous reservoirs and their surrounding aquifers. This study aims thus at integrating these complex effects within the co‐optimisation of a UPHES system in the European day‐ahead energy and reserve markets. To that end, the authors leverage a hybrid iterative approach combining an optimisation tool with an advanced simulation model. The results from a real‐world case study demonstrate that accurately considering these non‐linear effects is a key component to fully extract the economic potential of merchant UPHES, and suggest that the proposed tool offers an effective solution for the scheduling of UPHES owners.
Hybrid intelligent technique for voltage/VAR control in power systems
Authors: Tomin Nikita V. , Kurbatsky Victor G. , Reutsky Ivan S.
Published: September 2019

Modern power systems are far from immune from voltage collapse, and examples abound over the past decade. This is due to the fact the current generation of automatic emergency and operational Volt/VAr control systems can be ineffective and unreliable for some cases. The artificial intelligence (AI) techniques allow developing new automatic intelligent Volt/VAr control systems, which will mitigate negative consequences caused by the human factor and the shortcomings of traditional control systems. This study presents a hybrid Volt/VAr control system using an AI‐based technology. The system consists of two components: a centralised deep learning control system (DeepCS) for preventive security control and a decentralised multi‐agent control system (MACS) for emergency control. The DeepCS includes two deep neural networks – a deep multilayer perceptron to recognise reactive power injections and a long short‐term memory network to predict system state after control actions. The MACS is a decentralised automatic Volt/VAr control that involves determining the time of critical overload and switching to the load shedding procedure. The proposed approach is highly efficient for various scenarios of two (IEEE 6, IEEE 118) test systems and one real 33‐bus Bodaibo subsystem.
Distributed cooperative secondary networked optimal control with packet loss for islanded microgrid
Authors: Zhao Chanjuan , Sun Wei , Wang Jianping , Li Qiyue , Mu Daoming , Xu Xiaobing
Published: September 2019

The hierarchical networked control has attracted many attentions in the field of the islanded microgrid (MG). However, how to reduce the effects caused by random packet loss of communication is still need to be studied. In this study, the authors proposed a fully distributed cooperative secondary networked optimal control for both frequency and voltage restoration. A distributed consensus Kalman filter based estimator (DCKF‐estimator) is introduced to obtain the estimation of the output state with the communication packet loss. Then, by incorporating the DCKF‐estimator into the output feedback‐like controller, the optimal output feedback‐like gain is obtained based on the linear quadratic Gaussian‐like control scheme. In addition, they also deduced the stability condition of the islanded MG closed‐loop system. The simulations in different scenarios were carried out to evaluate the control performance. The results show that the proposed approach achieves accurate regulations (on frequency, voltage) and fast transient response, and has better stability and robust performance over communication packet loss.
Unidirectional isolated high‐frequency link DC/AC converter for grid integration of DC sources
Authors: Hojabri Hossein
Published: September 2019

Most of the converters used for the grid integration of DC resources are multi‐stage DC/AC converters with a huge intermediate DC‐link capacitor. This bulky DC‐link capacitor increases the converter volume and cost, reduces its lifetime and reliability and, causes converters fault ride‐through problems. For this purpose, DC/AC converters without any intermediate energy storage components are proposed in the literature named high‐frequency AC (HFAC) link converters. However, due to a large number of active switches, modulation and commutation methods of these converters are overly complex compared with their conventional multi‐stage versions. In this study, a new isolated unidirectional converter without any intermediate energy storage components, and with a reduced number of active switches are proposed for the grid integration of DC sources. The proposed HFAC converter structure is simple but more efficient and reliable than its conventional isolated multi‐stage and HFAC versions. The converter modulation and commutation methods which are more simple than those of its conventional HFAC version, and its voltage and current gains are also presented. The performance of the proposed converter is verified through simulation in the islanded and grid‐connected modes of operation. A simple experimental setup is also provided to validate the simulated converter.
Enhanced POM strategy and its application to wind turbines
Authors: Ma Zhiyong , Wang Dameng , Teng Wei , Liu Yibing
Published: September 2019

Deficiencies exist during applying the traditional preventive opportunistic maintenance (POM) strategy to wind turbines. For example, its rough cost analysis only provides a total instead of the staged cost of once maintenance, which cannot give precise cost composition. Setting identical thresholds for all subassemblies reduces the potential of cost saving etc. An enhanced POM strategy for wind turbines is presented in this study with the consideration of maintenance modes including no maintenance, imperfect maintenance and replacement. The reliability variations of subassemblies under different maintenance modes are described by Weibull distribution with an age reduction factor. On the basis of reliability variations, a formula is proposed to uniformly compute maintenance cost under each maintenance mode via subdividing the cost in the light of diverse maintenance stages. An integrated objective function minimising the maintenance cost is established and solved, where reliability thresholds of each subassembly are separately set as optimisation variables. The enhanced POM strategy is applied to a wind farm in North China, verifying its effectiveness.
Die chirurgische Therapie der pulmonalen Echinokokkose
Authors: Haag Johannes C. , Winter Hauke , Eichhorn Martin E.
Published: September 2019

Die Echinokokkose ist eine seltene Erkrankung in Deutschland, bei der es im Jahre 2016 zu einer Zunahme der Erkrankungsfälle im Rahmen des Flüchtlingsstroms kam. Humanmedizinisch relevant sind 4 Subtypen, wovon die zystische Echinokokkose aufgrund der weltweiten Verbreitung die wichtigste Rolle spielt. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die pulmonale Echinokokkose und fasst die relevanten chirurgischen Aspekte zusammen.
Heimisches Superfood: regional und
nährstoffreich
Authors: Feichtinger Johanna
Published: September 2019

Superfoods werden aufgrund bestimmter Inhaltsstoffe und besonderer Eigenschaften
beworben, die einen gesundheitlichen Mehrwert versprechen. Glaubt man Medien und
Werbeexperten, verfügen Superfoods über einen besonders hohen Anteil an
wertvollen Inhaltsstoffen und heben sich damit von normalen Lebensmitteln ab.
Bei den Nährstoffgehalten können viele einheimische Pflanzen durchaus mit den
exotischen Superfoods mithalten.
Periodized versus Non-periodized Stretch Training on Gymnasts Flexibility and Performance
Authors: Lima Camila D. , Brown Lee E. , Li Yimeng , Herat Nehara , Behm David
Published: September 2019

Static stretching (SS) can increase joint range of motion (ROM), due to neural, morphological, and physio-psychological factors. Periodized training programs (PD) (e. g., strength, power) are adopted to induce greater adaptations while avoiding overtraining. However, the effectiveness of periodized stretch training adaptations are unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of periodized and non-periodized (NP) stretching programs on flexibility, hamstrings stiffness and muscle performance. Sixteen gymnasts were allocated to either periodized or non-periodized SS training and tested pre- and post-8 weeks for countermovement jump height, hip flexors, hip extensors and dorsiflexors ROM, hamstrings stiffness and hamstrings and quadriceps peak torque. Both stretch training groups significantly and similarly increased hip extensor (33.2%), hip flexor (25.2%), and dorsiflexor (23.8%) ROM, hamstrings peak torque (7.9%) and jump height (8.1%) from pre - to post- training. Both groups decreased hamstrings stiffness across the last ten angles (32.1%). PD elicited consistently large magnitude flexibility effect size changes compared to small and moderate magnitude changes for the non-periodized. Therefore, 8-week PD and NP SS programs can decrease young gymnasts’ muscle-tendon stiffness and increase muscle performance. However, effect sizes indicate that PD stretch training was more advantageous to increasing flexibility and improving performance.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Thiadiazoles
Authors: Xiao Yan , Sun Song , Yu Jin-Tao , Cheng Jiang
Published: September 2019

Thiadiazole moieties are present in many natural products and pharmaceutical compounds that possess a broad spectrum of biological activities, serving as antidepressant, anxiolytic, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antihypertensive, or antifungal drugs. Many excellent methods have been reported for accessing such frameworks. In this review, we summarize advances made within the past ten years in the synthesis of various types of thiadiazole.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Thiadiazoles

2.1 Synthesis of 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles

2.1.1 Synthesis of 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles from Diazo/Azide Compounds

2.1.2 Synthesis of 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles from Sulfonyl Hydrazines or N-Tosylhydrazones

2.2 Synthesis of 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles

2.2.1 Synthesis of 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles from Thioamides or their Derivatives

2.2.2 Synthesis of 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles from Amidines or 2-Aminopyridines

2.3 Synthesis of 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles

2.4 Synthesis of 1,2,5-Thiadiazoles

3 Conclusion
Botulinum Toxin in Children with Cerebral Palsy: An Update
Authors: Hareb Farid , Bertoncelli Carlo M. , Rosello Olivier , Rampal Virginie , Solla Federico
Published: September 2019

Injected in a muscle, the botulinum toxin causes localized and temporary paralysis by acting on the neuromuscular synapse. Currently, it is widely prescribed for the treatment of limb spasticity in children from the age of 2 years. Combined with rehabilitation and other treatments, it helps to progress in motor learning, promotes functional progression, and delays orthopaedic degradations.

Numerous randomized, placebo-controlled studies have shown efficacy in reducing spasticity, improving passive and active mobility, reducing pain, and improving upper limb comfort care. The side effects are rare and commonplace.

The injection technique is accessible after specific training and practice. The indication is better evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. A precise clinical evaluation, assisted by an instrumental analysis (videography, spatiotemporal parameters, kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography), makes it possible to determine the aims of the treatment and to evaluate the outcome.

The objective of this review is to present current evidence base and practices regarding the use of botulinum toxin in children with cerebral palsy.
Uniklinik Heidelberg: Grüters-Kieslich und Gürkan legen Amt vorzeitig nieder
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: September 2019

Der Skandal um den angeblich marktreifen Bluttest auf Brustkrebsfrüherkennung zieht weitere personelle Konsequenzen nach sich. Nach der Freistellung von Markus Jones Ende Mai, legt nun auch der Klinikvorstand seine Ämter nieder.
Mindful Doctor Konferenz: Im Gesundheitswesen brauchen wir gesunde Arbeitsverhältnisse
Authors: Studenroth Anika
Published: September 2019

Ärzte erfahren in Kliniken durch steigenden Kostendruck, Personalmangel und starre Hierarchien eine hohe Arbeitsbelastung. Techniken der Meditation, gewaltfreien Kommunikation und Achtsamkeit können helfen, den anstrengenden Berufsalltag besser und gesünder zu bewältigen.
OP-Management: Immer im Wandel
Authors: Ramolla Thomas
Published: September 2019

Wissen Sie, warum das OP-Management etabliert wurde? Kennen Sie die Fähigkeiten, die ein OP-Manager heutzutage mitbringen sollte? Und haben Sie eine Vorstellung davon, wie das Krankenhaus der Zukunft aussehen könnte? Antworten liefert uns die Bestandsaufnahme zum OP-Management gestern – heute – morgen.
Reinigungsstandard für Kliniken: Hygiene-Norm für mehr Sauberkeit
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: September 2019

Auf Initiative der Dernbacher Gruppe Katharina Kasper wird derzeit eine einheitliche DIN-Norm entwickelt, die bindende Reinigungsstandards vorschreibt. Damit liefert sie konkrete Vorgaben, die künftig auch von den Gesundheitsämtern überprüft werden können.