Kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành sử dụng thuốc xịt - khí dung cắt cơn của người chăm sóc chính bệnh nhi hen phế quản tại Trung tâm Nhi, bệnh viện Trung ương Huế
Authors: Bùi Sơn 
Published: May 2023

TÓM TẮT

Đặt vấn đề: Nhiều nghiên cứu cho thấy kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành của người chăm sóc chính đối với các thuốc điều trị hen đóng vai trò hết sức quan trọng trong kiểm soát bệnh ở trẻ em. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá và tìm hiểu các yếu tố liên quan đến kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành sử dụng thuốc xịt - khí dung cắt cơn của người chăm sóc chính (NCSC) bệnh nhi hen.

Đối tượng, phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện bằng phương pháp phỏng vấn (bộ câu hỏi đánh giá kiến thức, thái độ đối với thuốc xịt - khí dung cắt cơn) kết hợp với quan sát (bảng kiểm đánh giá thực hành sử dụng thuốc) trên 145 NCSC bệnh nhi hen điều trị tại khoa Hô hấp - Miễn dịch - Dị ứng, Trung tâm Nhi, Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế từ tháng 5/2021 đến hết tháng 8/2022.

Kết quả: Gần 80% NCSC có kiến thức chưa tốt và 67,6% NCSC có thái độ không tích cực về việc sử dụng thuốc xịt - khí dung cắt cơn hen cấp. 12,5% NCSC thực hành sử dụng máy phun khí dung chưa đạt và 75,2% NCSC chưa thực hành đúng các bước sử dụng bình xịt định liều + buồng đệm. NCSC có kiến thức sử dụng thuốc từ nhiều nguồn có thực hành sử dụng máy phun khí dung tốt hơn có ý nghĩa so với nhóm chỉ biết thông tin sử dụng thuốc từ nhân viên y tế. Nhóm NCSC có bệnh nhi từng xuất hiện cơn hen; sống ở thành thị; có kiến thức và thái độ sử dụng thuốc tốt có thực hành sử dụng bình xịt định liều + buồng đệm tốt hơn có ý nghĩa so với nhóm còn lại.

Kết luận: Đa số NCSC có kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành sử dụng thuốc xịt - khí dung cắt cơn hen cấp chưa tốt; và các yếu tố liên quan đến sử dụng đúng bình xịt định liều + buồng đệm bao gồm bệnh nhi từng xuất hiện cơn hen; sống ở thành thị; có kiến thức và thái độ sử dụng thuốc tốt.

ABSTRACT KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF PRIMARY CAREGIVERS TOWARD INHALED ASTHMA RELIEVERS IN THEIR CHILDREN AT THE PEDIATRIC CENTER, HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL

Background: Caregivers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward inhaled asthma medications constitute a major factor in helping to achieve successful asthma control in children. We aimed to assess factors associated with primary caregivers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward inhaled asthma relievers in their children.

Methods: A cross - sectional descriptive study was conductedby interview (with questionnaires that assessed knowledge, attitude toward inhaled asthma relievers) combined with observation (with checklist that assessed practice) on 145 primary caregivers (PCs) of asthma patients treated at the Department of Pulmonology, Immunology and Allergology, Pediatric Center, Hue Central Hospitalfrom May 2021 to August 2022.

Results: Nearly 80% of the PCs had poor knowledge and 67.6% of the PCs had negative attitude toward inhaled asthma relievers. 12.5% of the PCs performed incorrect nebulizer technique, while this percentage in the PCs using metered dose inhalers with spacers (MDI - spacers) was 75.2%. The PCs obtaining inhaled asthma reliever knowledge from multiple sources had significantly better nebulizer performance than those receiving information only from healthcare workers. The PCs whose children had experienced asthma attacks; and the PCs living in urban areas, having good knowledge and positive attitude toward inhaled asthma relievers demonstrated significantly better performance in using MDI - spacers than the other group.

Conclusions: Most of the PCs had poor knowledge, negative attitude and incorrect practice toward inhaled asthma relievers; and factors related to better performance in using MDI - spacers including the PCs having children experienced asthma attacks, the PCs living in urban areas, having good knowledge and positive attitude toward asthma relievers.