bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EINE FREUNDSCHAFT IM ZEICHEN ‘DEUTSCHER SPRACHARBEIT’: MOSCHEROSCH UND HARSDÖRFFER
Authors: Schäfer Walter Ernst
Published: May 2015

Die große Resonanz der Gesichte Philanders von Sittewalt in der Ausgabe von 1650 ist zu einem guten Teil der Fürsprache Georg Philipp Harsdörffers in der Fruchtbringenden Gesellschaft zu verdanken. Es war Harsdörffer, der für die Aufnahme Moscheroschs in die Gesellschaft plädierte und ihn zu Konsultationen innerhalb der Gesellschaft, zum Beispiel in der Frage der Regulierung der Orthographie, heranzog. Dennoch ist über das Verhältnis beider zueinander wenig bekannt. Zwar sind ihre gemeinsamen Vorstellungen von der Entwicklung der deutschen literarischen und Fachsprachen und von der erwünschten Unterstützung der Spracharbeit von Seiten regierender Fürsten durch Moscheroschs Publikation seines Briefwechsels in seiner Epigrammsammlung einiges deutlich geworden, doch über die Entstehung ihrer Gesinnungsgemeinschaft, ja Freundschaft, ihren Erwartungen und Resultaten herrscht Unklarheit. Die Studie befaßt sich mit den Vorgängen, die sich bei der Aufnahme Moscheroschs in die Gesellschaft abspielten, mit der Rolle beider in der Gesellschaft, auch im Konflikt mit anderen Gesellschaftern wie Dietrich von dem Werder – und in der Frage der Orthographie – mit Ludwig von Anhalt-Köthen.
1664
Authors: van Ingen Ferdinand
Published: May 2015

Zesens Amsterdam-Beschreibung unterscheidet sich in charakteristischer Weise von den niederländischen Vorgängern O. Dapper (1663) und Pontanus/Montanus (1614): Verbindung von Faktenwissen und narrativen Partien (fiktional geprägte Erzählung, Wiedertäuferrevolte, Hexengeschichten etc.). Er verfolgt eine klare Erzählstrategie, die um Literarisierung der stadtgeschichtlichen Darstellung bemüht ist. Politische Stellungnahmen liegen im Mythos des Bataverlandes und der Stilisierung des Oraniers als zweiter Julius Civilis zugrunde, Toleranz und Freiheitsstreben sei in der “Batavischen Freiheit” (H. Grotius 1610) begründet.
DER DETEKTIV IN DER GESCHICHTE
Authors: Reinhart Max
Published: May 2015

Die hier dargestellte biographische und literaturwissenschaftliche Gesamtschau will ein Fragezeichen hinter die herkömmliche Alewyn-Rezeption setzen: die Legende der tragischen Unterbrechung der großen Konzeption, den Mythos des Goetheschen Titans jenseits von Methode, seine eigene Ausgrenzung der “so genannten Barockliteratur” und vor allem die neuere mißglückte Plazierung von Alewyn als pragmatischer Neupositivist bzw. Strukturalist. Seine lebensverändernde Begegnung mit Hoffmannsthal in den 30er Jahren, die verspätete Einflussnahme von Viëtors Problematisierung der Geschichte und der Gesellschaft während des amerikanischen Exils und die durch tiefenpsychologische Einsichten gewonnenen Entdeckungen der Alterität und Unentscheidbarkeit des Detektivromans
in den 70er Jahren führte zu einem leserorientierten Interpretationsdiskurs wie auch zu einem erweiterten physiognomischen Modell, das tiefergreifende Implikationen für den Begriff der Frühen Neuzeit hat, insbesondere für eine Revision und Rehabilitation der Verfassung der “barocken Literatur”.
“JST ES HIER NIT EITELKEIT!”
Authors: Schuster Ralf
Published: May 2015

Der bisher unausgewertete Briefwechsel zwischen Sigmund von Birken und Johann Rist dokumentiert den Kontakt zwischen zwei der wichtigsten Autoren des Barock. Auffällig sind zwei jahrelange Unterbrechungen dieser Korrespondenz, die sich nicht mit Überlieferungslücken erklären lassen. Es soll — unter Hinzuziehung anderer Quellen (Gedichte, Korrespondenzen Birkens mit anderen Autoren) — ein möglicher Erklärungsansatz für diese Kontaktpausen vorgestellt werden. Eine entscheidende Rolle spielt dabei der Wechsel der Rolle Birkens vom jungen, geförderten Nachwuchstalent zum gleichberechtigten, angesehenen Literaten.
DAS HEILIGE DREIECK
Authors: Haas Alois M
Published: May 2015

Der Versuch — mehr soll es nicht sein! — möchte den Spannungsbogen motivlicher Bezüge andeuten, aus dem heraus Daniel Czepko seinen Texten die Traditionsweihe heiliger Texte und der ‘prisca theologia’ zukommen lässt. Das zunächst befremdliche Heilige Dreieck führt in ein triadisches Denken zurück, das sich aus platonischen und esoterischen Quellen nährt.
DER VORMUND DES HANSWURST
Authors: Neuhuber Christian
Published: May 2015

Trotz seiner Bedeutung f�r die Entwicklung der komischen Figur auf dem deutschsprachigen Theater ist Johann Valentin Petzolds �Kom�dienbauer� Kilian Brustfleck ganz im Gegensatz zu seinem j�ngeren Kollegen, dem Wiener Hanswurst, allm�hlich in Vergessenheit geraten. Erst das Interesse f�r die Eggenbergische Hofkom�diantentruppe, deren Teil er war, hat ihn der Literaturwissenschaft wieder in Erinnerung gerufen. Der Aufsatz versucht die bisherigen Erkenntnisse der internationalen Forschung zu b�ndeln und mit neuem Archivmaterial zu erg�nzen, um eine gerechtere Einsch�tzung der Schauspielerpers�nlichkeit Petzold und seiner literarischen Erfindung im Kontext des Theaterwesens um 1700 zu erm�glichen.
SCHÖPFUNGSTHEOLOGISCHE ASPEKTE BEI KONRAD BOLLSTATTER
Authors: Hörner Petra
Published: May 2015

Konrad Bollstatter (um 1420-1482/83) fügt in das Berliner Weltgerichtsspiel (Augsburger Buch vom Jüngsten Gericht) einige Passagen ein, durch die es ihm möglich ist, den Bogen von der Eschatologie über die Christologie und Soteriologie zum Anfang der Heilsgeschichte zu spannen. Es zeichnet sich eine schöpfungstheologische Orientierung ab, aus der ein außerordentlich positives Menschenbild resultiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund läßt sich erst erklären, weshalb die Paränese in diesem Text erheblich verschärft ist.
DER SPLENDOR SOLIS IN DER FRÜHNEUZEITLICHEN RESPUBLICA ALCHEMICA
Authors: Telle Joachim
Published: May 2015

Der Text/Bild-Traktat Splendor solis, ein Hauptwerk der deutschsprachigen Alchemia picta-Tradition (überliefert seit 1531/32; gedruckt seit 1599), bereitet einem näheren Verständnis manche Schwierigkeiten. Deshalb werden sprachliche, tektonische und wissenschaftshistorische Eigenarten erörtert, aber auch in das 15. Jahrhundert führende Urheberfragen. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt seiner Annexion durch deutsche Alchemoparacelsisten des 16. Jahrhunderts, vor allem seiner mystifikatorischen Zuschreibung an Salomon Trismosin, einem vermeintlichen Lehrer des Paracelsus, ferner seinem Schicksal im deutschen Kulturgebiet des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts, im frühneuzeitlichen Frankreich und Britannien. Abschließende Bemerkungen informieren über die Präsenz des Splendor solis in der modernen Esoterik, Historiographie und Erzählkunst.
DAS MEDITATIVE SELBSTGESPRÄCH IM PIETISMUS
Authors: Butzer Günter
Published: May 2015

Der Beitrag behandelt Johanna Eleonora Petersens Gespräche des Hertzens mit GOTT (1689) vor dem Hintergrund des traditionellen religiösen Selbstgesprächs, wie es in den pseudo-augustinischen Soliloquia animae ad deum auf für die frühe Neuzeit wirkungsmächtige Weise gestaltet wird. Der Vergleich beider Texte lässt die Transformation eines rhetorischen Textmodells der Selbstüberredung in ein autobiographisch fundiertes Modell des Selbstausdrucks erkennen. Die normativen, im Selbstgespräch einzuübenden religiösen Gehalte werden bei Petersen einer biographisch-narrativen Konkretion und Beglaubigung zugeführt und damit einem Diskurs des Authentischen zugeordnet, der die latente Polarität des Soliloquiums zwischen einem formal-abstrakten und einem narrativ-empirischen Modus von Subjektivität offenlegt.
FORTGESETZTE TRAUER
Authors: Martin Dieter
Published: May 2015

Vorgestellt wird ein Sammeldruck von Drey Leichpredigten (Leipzig 1633), zu denen Paul Fleming Trauergedichte beisteuerte. Nach einer Beschreibung des Drucks und der darin enthaltenen, bislang unbekannten Frühfassungen von Flemings Gedichten werden die biographischen und entstehungsgeschichtlichen Zusammenhänge bestimmt. Daraus läßt sich erkennen, wie Fleming unter dem Eindruck außergewöhnlicher Umstände von den gängigen Mustern zeitgenössischer Begräbnislieder abweicht und in anspruchsvolleren poetischen Formen zu einer seelisch stabilisierenden Affekt- und Selbstbeherrschung aufruft, welche die inflationär gebrauchten christlichen Trostangebote zugunsten der vom Neostoizismus bereitgehaltenen Hilfsmittel in den Hintergrund drängt.
ZUM VERHÄLTNIS VON DRUCKEN UND IHREN ABSCHRIFTEN IN DER DEUTSCHSPRACHIGEN BIBELTRADITION DER INKUNABELZEIT
Authors: Simmler Franz
Published: May 2015

Anhand von drei Abschriften von der Zainer-Bibel und einer Abschrift von der Koberger-Bibel wird das Verhältnis von Vorlage und Abschrift unter makrostrukturellen, syntaktischen, lexikalischen, morphologischen, phonologischen und graphischen Aspekten untersucht, der Umfang der Variation ermittelt und zu einer Definition von ‘Abschrift' in der Inkunabelzeit zusammengeführt.
RHETORIK ALS REGULATIVUM DER GESCHICHTE BEI VICO UND SCHILLER
Authors: Pirro Maurizio
Published: May 2015

Vicos und Schillers Geschichtsauffassungen ist ein diskursiver Charakter gemeinsam, der die Aufgabe des Historikers darin verwirklicht sieht, bei der Rekonstruktion von sozialen und kulturellen Prozessen der Vergangenheit weniger auf die Faktizität der dargestellten Ereignisse als auf den Spielraum hinzuweisen, der der Auslegungsarbeit des Geschichtsschreibers zur Verfügung steht. Menschliches Handeln erscheint somit als Ausdruck vielschichtiger Konstrukte, die sich dem Historiker in Form von rhetorischen Geflechten zur Entschlüsselung bieten. Bei Vico wird dies allerdings durch die starke theologische Prägung der Scienza nuova relativiert, für die vom Prinzip der linearen Entwicklung der Geschichte nicht abgewichen werden darf.
WALLENSTEINS TOD
Authors: Medick Hans
Published: May 2015

In diesem Beitrag werden die zeitgenössischen publizistischen Reaktionen auf die Ermordung Wallensteins am 25./26. Februar 1634 untersucht. Auf diesem Weg wird erforscht, wie die boomende und kontroverse Medienöffentlichkeit der Zeit des Dreißigjährigen Krieges auf das politische Ende und das Lebensende eines der führenden militärischen Protagonisten dieses Krieges reagierte und dessen Ermordung von der bloßen historischen Begebenheit zum europäischen Medienereignis machte. Als Quellen dieser Untersuchung werden nicht nur die zeitgenössischen deutschsprachigen Zeitungen herangezogen, sondern auch ausgewählte Druckschriften der Zeit. Im Ergebnis kann gezeigt werden, dass bereits in den medialen Konstruktionen unmittelbar nach der Tat diejenigen Images von Wallenstein entstehen, die später in Literatur und Geschichtsschreibung folgenreich gewesen sind.
HEROS UND SKANDALON
Authors: Kühlmann Wilhelm , Claren Lutz
Published: May 2015

Der italienische Schriftsteller Giulio Cesare Vanini wird 1619 als Ketzer, Magier und Atheist verurteilt und in Toulouse hingerichtet. Im deutschsprachigen Raum wird an ihn von der Mitte des 17. bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts in höchst kontroversieller Weise erinnert. Das Totengedenken reicht von rabiater Denunziation
bis hin zur Infragestellung des Urteils. Im Zentrum des Beitrags stehen Texte über Vanini von Martin Zeiller, Johannes Bisselius SJ und Friedrich Hölderlin.
MORALDIDAKTISCHE EROTIK
Authors: Stockhorst Stefanie
Published: May 2015

Die Ikonographie der spätmittelalterlichen Pilgerzeichen aus der Sammlung Van Beuningen umfaßt sowohl religiöse als auch profane Motive. Letztere lassen sich nicht ohne weiteres im Bedeutungskontext der Pilgerschaft verorten, was nicht zuletzt ihren teils erstaunlich expliziten Darstellungen aus dem Bereich der Sexualität geschuldet ist. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die sexuellen Tragezeichen in ihrer Doppelfunktion der obszönen Unterhaltung und der moraldidaktischen Ermahnung. Während sich einige der satirischen Verwendungsweisen solcher Tragezeichen aus literarischen Belegen bei Chaucer und Rabelais erschließen lassen, zeigt sich, daß die Tradition der barocken Liebesembleme (emblemata amatoria) genaueren Aufschluß über die damit verbundenen moraldidaktischen Intentionen zu geben vermag. Demnach fungierten die vordergründig unvereinbaren religiösen und profanen Tragezeichen gleichermaßen als sinnbildliche Medien zur Vergegenwärtigung und Verbreitung gängiger Moralvorstellungen.
EIN TROSTPFLASTER AM ERHOBENEN ZEIGEFINGER
Authors: Baro Christine
Published: May 2015

Lukian, Petrarca, Pirckheimer, Hans Sachs: In diese Riege berühmter Dichter, die sich literarisch mit dem Allerweltsleiden der Gicht befassten, reiht sich auch der ungleich weniger berühmte Nürnberger Prokurator und Dramatiker Jakob Ayrer ein. 1602 bereichert er das Genre der Podagra-Literatur um zwei Fastnachtsspiele, in denen er zahlreiche Vorgängertexte verarbeitet und mit dramaturgischem Geschick verknüpft. Mit den verschiedenen Quellen vermischen sich in Ayrers Spielen auch deren unterschiedliche Wirkabsichten: Sie ermahnen zu einer besseren Lebensweise und spenden Trost, sorgen aber auch für Unterhaltung durch komische Figuren, vor allem den Narren Jahn nach dem Vorbild der Englischen Komödianten. Er bildet Ayrers eigene Zutat im bunten Potpourri von zeitgenössischen Motiven, aus dem seine Stücke sind, und zur Gattung Podagra-Literatur schlechthin.
KONTROVERSTHEOLOGISCHE BILDINTERPRETATIONEN VON FISCHART UND NAS
Authors: Hillenbrand Rainer
Published: May 2015

The images of a church service with animal figures — in Strasbourg cathedral —, later destroyed, are characteristically interpreted by the Protestant Fischart and the Catholic Nas in favour of their own denomination, although they agree in their misunderstanding of the actual meaning of the images. The view of Nas that heretical dissenters are criticized through the animals, is more convincing than the attempt by Fischart to see the medieval sculptors as critics of the church and thus as precursors of Protestantism.
Muscovite Ritual in the Context of Jerusalem Old and New
Authors: Flier Michael S.
Published: May 2015

The reign of Grand Prince Ivan III (1462–1505) represented a period of wide-ranging consolidation of Rusian lands under the aegis of Moscow at the very time that elites were concerned about the Orthodox Christian prediction of an imminent Apocalypse in 1492. The semiotics of Muscovite rulership incorporated references to Jerusalem and the End Times long after the predicted date had passed. The present study analyzes the elements and relationships employed in iconography, architecture, and ritual to reevaluate the capital in light of Jerusalem old and new.
Attributions to Andrei Kurbskii and Inferential (Bayesian) Probability
Authors: Ostrowski Donald
Published: May 2015

Attributions of original works, letters, and translations to Prince Andrei Mikhailovich Kurbskii (d. 1583) have been contested for almost 45 years. This article proposes that Bayesian or inferential probability be applied to a number of the main points of contention. Of central importance to the attribution question are the so-called Kurbskii miscellanies (sborniki Kurbskogo), which date no earlier than the mid-1670s. Among the works in the Kurbskii miscellanies are the History of the Grand Prince of Moscow, letters addressed to Tsar Ivan IV, the “Lithuanian” letters, and the History of the Eighth Council. Proponents of attributing these works to Kurbskii tend to weight the evidence differently from the way the skeptics of those attributions do, and both camps find explanations favorable to their respective positions for unexpected oddities in the evidence. No one issue has been defined conclusively in the favor of one side or the other, but placing the differences in the context of inferential probability may allow us to continue to discuss the contentious issues of the attributions in a productive manner.
Origin of Russian Absolutism
Authors: Nefedov S.A.
Published: May 2015

Although Nicolas Henshall declared “absolutism” to be a myth, the author of this article supports the view held by Brian Downing who argues that, in some cases, military-bureaucratic absolutism developed from the early modern military (or gunpowder) revolution. The author assumes that such cases are relatively rare and happen only when a military revolution causes bitter conflict between a monarchy and elite nobility. In addition to Scandinavian countries, it occurred in Russia under Peter the Great. Upon returning home from his European tour in 1698, Peter I faced the serious problem of finding the financial resourses needed to organize a new regular army; his revenue enhancement efforts provoked a conflict between the Tsar and his boyars. Eventually, Peter the Great staged a military takeover, dissolving the Boyar Duma to become an absolute monarch.
Статейные списки русских послов в Османской империи П.П. Шафирова и М.Б. Шереметева 1711–1714 гг.
Authors: Bazarova Tatiana A.
Published: May 2015

The article examines the accounting documents (“Stateinye spiski”) of the Russian ambassadors, Peter Shafirov and Michael Sheremetev, in Istanbul during the years 1711–1714. They were assembled several years after the embassy returned to Russia, in 1721, and are currently held in archives in Moscow and St. Petersburg. “Stateinye spiski” show complex circumstances in which the Russian ambassadors had to struggle in order to sign a peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire after the unsuccessful Prut campaign. The documents are daily reports that contain descriptions of events, the contents of letters sent and received, the text of decrees, and papers associated with peace treaties projects. Particularly significant are descriptions of the diplomats’ actions during conference preparation and during meetings with Turkish representatives; features of etiquette are also noted.
Зарождение государственного среднего женского образования в Российской империи и Венгрии
Authors: Szaniszló Orsolya
Published: May 2015

During the time of enlightened absolutism, the development of education became a state duty. The philosophers of the Enlightenment began to deal with the question of the education of elite women and that played an important role in the nation-building process. Educational reforms initiated by Catherine the Great and Maria Theresa established state educational systems in Russia and in Hungary. The first state-financed higher education institute for women in Europe was opened in Russia. Similar schools in Hungary only appeared a century later. This article compares Russian and Hungarian boarding-schools for noble maidens, focusing on the beginning of these elite institutes and the secondary-level education ensured by them. This essay is dedicated to the memory of L.N. Semenova.
A bizarre new species of Triclistus Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Metopiinae) from Amazonia
Authors: SÄÄKSJÄRVI ILARI EERIKKI , BORDERA SANTIAGO
Published: May 2015

A new bizarre new species of Metopiinae, Triclistus amazopeikkus sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The new species was collected from the lowland Peruvian Amazonia.
First instar tibiotarsal chaetotaxy supports the Entomobryidae and Symphypleona (Collembola) forming a cluster in a phylogenetic tree
Authors: ZHANG FENG , DEHARVENG LOUIS
Published: May 2015

Tibiotarsi, particularly their chaetotaxy, vary from species to orders in Collembola. Symphypleona, Poduromorpha and Isotomidae have been shown to possess characteristic patterns of tibiotarsal chaetotaxy, but the patterns in Entomobryoidea and Tomoceroidea, where a strong plurichaetosis is the rule, remains undocumented. The tibiotarsal chaetotaxy of first instars of 11 species of the main Entomobryidae subfamilies is described here for the first time. A basic pattern of five whorls with eight chaetae per whorl was found to occur in all examined species of Entomobryidae, with limited variations in the distal and proximal whorls. This pattern is similar to that of Symphypleona. Two hypotheses appear possible according to existing phylogenies, making it difficult to determine whether this obvious homology in tibiotarsal chaetotaxy is a plesiomorphy, which appeared independently in both superfamilies, or is a synapomorphy. We conclude that the primary chaetotaxy of tibiotarsus appears to be of high taxonomical value at suprafamilial but not at generic or tribal level.
Chaudhuriomyia, a new tanypod genus of Macropelopiini (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from the Eastern Himalaya
Authors: PAUL NILOTPOL , MAZUMDAR ABHIJIT
Published: May 2015

A new genus, Chaudhuriomyia in the tribe Macropelopiini belonging to subfamily Tanypodinae is described and illustrated in all life stages. The genus can be distinguished from all the other known Macropelopiini by the presence of a blunt claw on fore leg and a smooth surface of tibial spur in adult male, seminal capsules without proper neck in adult female, round anal lobe in pupa, and slightly inwardly bent inner tooth of ligula in larva. Generic diagnoses for larva, pupa and adult are provided. Taxonomic position and distribution of the genus are discussed along with a new adult key of tribe Macropelopiini. The specimens were collected from a stream in Indo-Bhutan border area of Eastern Himalaya in Indian Subcontinent. A note on the ecology and biology of the new genus is included.
Review of the genus Myrmozercon Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae), with description of a new species from Iran
Authors: JOHARCHI OMID , BABAEIAN ESMAEIL , SEEMAN OWEN D.
Published: May 2015

A new species of laelapid mite, Myrmozercon hunteri sp. nov. associated with Myrmica sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is described and illustrated. A key to 18 species of Myrmozercon is presented. Ten further species, all described prior to 1950, are briefly diagnosed but cannot be included in the key. Myrmozercon is shown to include a distinct group, Myrmozercon sensu stricto, which all have short, highly hypotrichous legs and a series of other consistent character states. This group probably arises from within Myrmozercon sensu lato, which have long legs with little or no hypotrichy, but some species also have character states found in Myrmozercon s.s. Myrmozercon ovatum Karawajew, 1909 is regarded a junior synonym of M. brevipes Berlese, 1902.
Review of the Mexican species of Erythmelus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae),
with description of two new species
Authors: GUZMÁN-LARRALDE ADRIANA J. , TRIAPITSYN SERGUEI V. , HUBER JOHN T. , GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ ALEJANDRO
Published: May 2015

The Mexican species of Erythmelus Enock (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) are revised. A key to females of 13 species is provided in both English and Spanish. Two new taxa are described—E. maya Guzmán-Larralde & Triapitsyn, sp. n. and E. tigres Guzmán-Larralde & Triapitsyn, sp. n. Six species are newly recorded from Mexico—E. angustatus Ogloblin, E. cingulatus Ogloblin, E. clavatus Ogloblin, E. gracilis (Howard), E. nanus Dozier, and E. noeli (Dozier), besides new geographic records for E. miridiphagus Dozier, E. picinus (Girault), E. psallidis Gahan, and E. rex (Girault) which were previously known from the country.
Formulas for Parcel Velocity and Vorticity in a Rotating Cartesian Coordinate System
Authors: Davies-Jones Robert
Published: May 2015

Formulas in an Eulerian framework are presented for the absolute velocity and vorticity of individual parcels in inviscid isentropic flow. The analysis is performed in a rectangular Cartesian rotating coordinate system. The dependent variables are the Lagrangian coordinates, initial velocities, cumulative temperature, entropy, and a potential. The formulas are obtained in two different ways. The first method is based on finding a matrix integrating factor for the Euler equations of motion and a propagator for the vector vorticity equation. The second method is a variational one. Hamilton’s principle of least action is used to minimize the fluid’s absolute kinetic energy minus its internal energy and potential energy subject to the Lin constraints and constraints of mass and entropy conservation. In the first method, the friction and diabatic heating terms in the governing equations are carried along in integrands so that the generalized formulas lead to Eckart’s circulation theorem. Using them to derive other circulation theorems, the helicity-conservation theorem, and Cauchy’s formula for the barotropic vorticity checks the formulas further.

The formulas are suitable for generating diagnostic fields of barotropic and baroclinic vorticity in models if some simple auxiliary equations are added to the model and integrated stably forward in time alongside the model equations.
Comparison and Combination of Regional and Global Ensemble Prediction Systems for Probabilistic Predictions of Hub-Height Wind Speed
Authors: Junk Constantin , Späth Stephan , von Bremen Lueder , Delle Monache Luca
Published: May 2015

The objective of this paper is to compare probabilistic 100-m wind speed forecasts, which are relevant for wind energy applications, from different regional and global ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) at six measurement towers in central Europe and to evaluate the benefits of combining single-model ensembles into multimodel ensembles. The global 51-member EPS from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF EPS) is compared against the Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling’s (COSMO) limited-area 16-member EPS (COSMO-LEPS) and a regional, high-resolution 20-member EPS centered over Germany (COSMO-DE EPS). The ensemble forecasts are calibrated with univariate (wind speed) ensemble model output statistics (EMOS) and bivariate (wind vector) recursive and adaptive calibration (AUV). The multimodel ensembles are constructed by pooling together raw or best-calibrated ensemble forecasts. An additional postprocessing of these multimodel ensembles with both EMOS and AUV is also tested. The best-performing calibration methodology for ECMWF EPS is AUV, while EMOS performs better than AUV for the calibration of COSMO-DE EPS. COSMO-LEPS has similar skill when calibrated with both EMOS and AUV. The AUV ECMWF EPS outperforms the EMOS COSMO-LEPS and COSMO-DE EPS for deterministic and probabilistic wind speed forecast skill. For most thresholds, ECMWF EPS has a comparable reliability and sharpness but higher discrimination ability. Multimodel ensembles, which are constructed by pooling together the best-calibrated EPSs, improve the skill relative to the AUV ECMWF EPS. An analysis of the error correlation among the EPSs indicates that multimodel ensemble skill can be considerably higher when the error correlation is low.
Biochemical consequences of bariatric surgery for extreme clinical obesity
Authors: Sarker Anita , Meek Claire L , Park Adrian
Published: May 2015

Obesity, defined as a body mass index over 30 kg/m2 for adults, poses a major healthcare challenge with important economic, personal and social consequences. Although public health measures, lifestyle change and pharmacological therapies have an important role in the management of obesity, patients with established morbid obesity (body mass index over 40 kg/m2) may also require bariatric surgery. Bariatric or metabolic surgery is associated with effective and enduring weight loss but is also known to improve glucose homeostasis, blood pressure and dyslipidaemia. Patients who have bariatric surgery need lifelong clinical follow-up to identify and prevent nutritional deficiencies and other complications. Clinical biochemistry laboratories have an important role in the nutritional assessment of obese patients and in the identification of complications following bariatric surgery. The aim of this article is to review the different bariatric procedures available and to summarize their complications, especially nutrient deficiencies and those of particular relevance to clinical biochemistry laboratories.
The Real Power of Parental Reading Aloud: Exploring the Affective and Attentional Dimensions
Authors: Lawson Kit
Published: May 2015

Reading with an adult plays an important role in developing children's oral language skills, phonological awareness and print knowledge. Parental reading aloud is also an indicator of children's later academic success, which suggests that the practice may be further linked to children's development of broader academic skills and behaviour, such as persistence and the ability to sustain attention. In exploring this link, the present study draws on the growing literature on emotion and attention in learning. Theories of language and language development help to illuminate the auditory dimension of language and literacy learning. This article proposes that the power of parental reading aloud may be underestimated. While shared storybook reading enhances children's pre-reading skills, uninterrupted listening to narratives may assist children both to acquire the underpinning prosodic sensitivity that accompanies expressive reading aloud and to develop the auditory attention systems that are associated with academic achievement. This raises questions about the common classroom practice of shared reading, particularly for those children who have not had previous extensive exposure to the written language read aloud.
Simple Acoustic Sensor Array for Partial Discharge Detection and Location in Electrical Apparatus
Authors: Ramírez-Niño José , Mijarez Rito , Rodríguez–Rodríguez Joaquín H
Published: May 2015

This article describes an acoustic system to visualise the location of partial discharges in electric power equipment. The system consists of an acoustic sensor array, a signal acquisition system, and signal-processing algorithms. The final result is an acoustic image of the sources of partial discharges that can be superimposed over an optical image. This study describes the characteristics of the sensor array, the processing algorithms used to locate sources of partial discharges, and the experimental performance results.
Metaphor, Scripture and Education
Authors: Shortt John , Smith David , Cooling Trevor
Published: May 2015

Brian Hill has had long and close links with The Stapleford Centre. He has spoken at Stapleford conferences, and is a regular contributor to its journal, the Journal of Education and Christian Belief (formerly Spectrum). His collegiality and friendship with the authors spans several decades: John first met Brian while Brian was on a sabbatical in London in 1979–80; while Trevor drew extensively on Brian's writings for his Ph.D. dissertation. David has come to know Brian and interact with his work more recently.
Honouring God through Sports Competition
Authors: Henkel Steven
Published: May 2015

Contemporary assumptions about competition are analysed while the case for competitive sports building character is found to be inconclusive. Particular biblical principles that apply to competitive sport are presented before the issue of human personhood and competitive sports is discussed. In place of the secular view of competition, a more godly approach is advocated that does justice to the Christian view of persons while at the same time demonstrating the benefits of sports for personal development.
Towards the Development and Relevance of a Christian Schools Typology
Authors: Edlin Richard J
Published: May 2015

On the basis of a broad experience of contemporary global developments in Christian schooling, this paper acknowledges the proliferation of such schools in many countries and identifies some of their philosophical assumptions, as well as their similarities, differences, opportunities, and challenges. A suggestion is then offered as to a method of categorising these schools so that suggestions for development and strategies to help them achieve their goals can be contextualised in ways that are responsive to their specific settings and which help them achieve goals that are consistent with various visions for Christian schooling.
Practising the Ministry of Presence in Chaplaincy
Authors: Holm Neil
Published: May 2015

Drawing on the work of Martin Buber, Miroslav Volf, Parker Palmer, Walter Bruggemann and Simone Weil, this article explores some of the features of the ministry of presence exercised by chaplains. It builds on the concept, definitions and theological underpinnings of the author's previous paper (Journal of Christian Education, 52, 1, May 2009, 7–22). It argues that the ministry of presence is one means by which chaplains collaborate with God to complete creation. It is a process in which chaplains assist the personal awareness, growth, and understanding of the other person.
Proselytising in the State School
Authors: Hill Brian V.
Published: May 2015

Thiessen's article in this issue sets forth a case for what he calls “ethical proselytization”, which, subject to the criteria he lays down for it, is perceived to be highly compatible with Christian values and morally acceptable in the state school classroom. Yet something jars.
Think-Tank for Christians in Education: The Ministry of the Journal of Christian Education
Authors: Hill Brian V.
Published: May 2015

In this article Brian Hill overviews the ministry of JCE in its contribution to the theory and practice of Christian thought on education. He does this by identifying the major themes which have been addressed by the journal over its history, highlighting those themes which have ‘recycled’ over the years as well as shorter-lived topics which were significant at the time. He helpfully sets the themes and associated articles in their historical educational and social context.
A More Visible Presence: Agenda for Christian Teachers
Authors: Hill Brian V.
Published: May 2015

As a prolific commentator and writer, and former editor of the Journal of Christian Education, Prof. Brian Hill, B.A., B.Ed. (West Aust.), M.A. (Sydney), Ph.D. (Illinois), F.A.C. E., has made a substantial contribution to Christian perspectives on education. In the selection process for articles for this issue, the comment “it must have something of Brian's!” was echoed, but the next question was “which one of the almost 40 substantive articles of his which have appeared in this journal since 1960 (vol. 3)?”!

This article has been selected because of a concern which this journal has consistently championed throughout its 42 year history: the importance and challenges of the Christian presence in formal, secular teaching contexts. In addition, many of the issues raised also apply to Christians teaching in non-state (or independent) schools. The article, published in July 1982 (Papers 74, pp. 21–31), is based on a public address delivered at a meeting of the Australian Teachers' Christian Fellowship in Sydney in June 1981. By request when it was published, it retains the first person form of address.

Brian Hill was the founding Professor of Education at Murdoch University in Perth, Western Australia, a position he retires from at the end of this year. Although he moves soon into formal retirement, we look forward to continuing to be recipients of his rich Christian educational insights.
Void and porosity characterization of uncured and partially cured prepregs
Authors: Farhang Leyla , Fernlund Göran
Published: May 2015

Void characterization and porosity measurements of uncured and partially cured carbon/epoxy prepregs are challenging due to the soft nature of the matrix. If samples need to be cut from a larger laminate, the act of cutting and polishing can alter the void morphology. This paper presents a method to prepare samples for optical microscopy by infiltrating the pore space in the soft prepreg with a room-temperature curing low-viscosity resin to support the structure during cutting and polishing in preparation for optical microscopy. The methodology is validated by comparison with results obtained from porosity measurements using the ASTM D2734 standard density method. The paper also explores the use of thickness measurements to determine porosity. It is shown that thickness measurements can be used to estimate porosity for the no-bleed out-of-autoclave prepreg system used in the present study but that the accuracy is lower than using microscopy or density methods.
Between Two Worlds
Authors: Adorno Gail
Published: May 2015

Disease-directed therapy near death is a growing trend among persons living with late-stage cancer. As a sociocultural phenomenon, cancer-directed therapy (e.g., chemotherapy) when given for very advanced disease is a process that offers questionable benefits and portends further suffering, but also suggests potential for growth and transcendence. Theories and concepts drawn from cultural anthropology, sociology, and existentialism illustrate how contextual factors contribute to the creation of a “liminal space”; the latter part of the cancer trajectory where living and dying can overlap. When applied to clinical practice, this theoretical framework gives the patient, family, and health care provider a way of “unmasking” a period of transition during terminal illness when aggressive disease-directed care continues to be provided. The liminal space may function as an existential plane; a gateway or threshold with inherent potential for psychospiritual development during the final stage of life.
Development of a Scale to Measure Death Perspectives
Authors: Petty Eric , Hayslip Bert , Caballero Daniela M. , Jenkins Sharon Rae
Published: May 2015

Kastenbaum and Aisenberg have suggested that persons can cope with the impact of death and dying by altering their understanding of what each means to them as well as by changing their behavioral responses to such experiences. The present study’s purpose was to develop a reliable and valid measure to assess an individual’s particular death perspective based on Kastenbaum and Aisenberg’s distinctions between overcomers and participators. The Death Perspective Scale developed here assessed the extent to which individuals utilize either an overcoming or participating approach to (a) assigning meaning to dying and death and (b) behaviorally responding to death-related experiences. Based upon the data collected from 168 adults varying by age and gender, findings suggested that both overcoming and participating could be reliably assessed, correlated with measures of death anxiety and death attitudes, and varied reliably ( p < .05) by age and gender, wherein such differences were for the most part consistent with predictions by Kastenbaum and Aisenberg espoused over 30 years ago. Findings here suggested that overcomers reported more fear of death and dying and were less accepting in this respect, while participators reported fewer death-related fears and were more accepting. Women and older adults were more participating, while men and younger adults were more overcoming, though such effects varied depending upon whether meaning versus response to death was considered. The consistency between the present findings and the predictions Kastenbaum and Aisenberg suggests that while person’s orientations to death and dying seem to transcend sociocultural change, empirically based efforts to better understand how our death system impacts persons need to move forward.
Miss B Pursues Death and Miss P Life in the Light of V. E. Frankl's Existential Analysis/Logotherapy
Authors: Ewalds-Kvist Béatrice , Lützén Kim
Published: May 2015

Ms B's in United Kingdom and Ms P's in Finland choices in life when dealing with acute ventilator-assisted tetraplegia were analyzed by means of Viktor E. Frankl's existential analysis/logotherapy. The freedom of will to existential meaning and to worth in one's suffering realizes in the attitudinal change the person chooses or is forced to adopt when subject to severe circumstances. Life becomes existentially meaningful relative to inescapable suffering by the completion of three values: creative, experiential, and attitudinal values. If the search for meaning on these paths is frustrated or obstructed, a person's will to meaning transforms into existential frustration along with an existential vacuum and feelings of despair emerge and harm the person's will to survive. However, a person's frustrated meaning in life, when subject to unavoidable severe conditions, can be averted and redirected by applying the basic tenets in an existential analytic/logotherapeutic approach to the extreme situation.
Highway informal policing in Kajola Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojedokun Usman Adekunle , Aderinto Adeyinka Abideen
Published: May 2015

Informal policing continues to play a crucial role in the Nigerian security sector in spite of the fact that certain government agencies have been formally charged with the responsibility for crime prevention, detection and control. In view of this, this paper examines the origin, mode of operation and challenges of highway informal policing in Kajola Local Government. The study was anchored on routine activity theory. Data were principally generated through key informant interview and focus group discussion methods. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for the selection of 11 members of the local government’s highway informal police, while 28 participants involved in the focus group discussions were chosen through quota sampling. Findings showed that the highway informal policing outfit was mainly established to contain the incessant criminal victimisations of commuters travelling on the major highways in the area by armed robbers. Also, members of the outfit viewed their relationship with personnel of the Nigeria Police Force as cordial. This paper calls for a design of necessary mechanisms through which a successful integration of highway informal policing into the operation of the Nigeria Police Force can be facilitated as a way of securing crime-prone highways in Nigeria.
Governing “Transition”
Authors: Muhhina Kristina
Published: May 2015

Even though the changes in governance arrangements of postcommunist countries have received considerable attention from the observers of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) region, “transition” as the prevailing paradigm for governing postcommunist societies has rarely been questioned. More than 20 years, it has served as the guiding framework for thinking about and practicing postsocialist transformation. By using Estonia as a critical case among the CEE countries, this research employs Foucauldian discourse analysis and deconstructive reading for exploring how public administration has been constituted by governing postcommunist change as “transition” and the limitations of, and the alternatives to, this approach.
What Might International Development Assistance Be Able to Tell Us About Contemporary “Policy Government” in Developed Countries?
Authors: Fforde Adam
Published: May 2015

The article examines international development assistance—aid. Donors assert that experts possess predictive knowledge and project belief in such knowledge into organizational form—the Logical Framework Approach. While such beliefs lack predictive power, as aid operates under multiple sovereignty conditions, no single authority determines truth. Donors ease pressure on experts by accepting variation in intervention logics, yet assert the validity of “single truth” knowledge; knowledge production practices have not basically changed. Belief that what is believed is true, revealed in aid work, illuminates the nature of policy in rich countries and helps explain low confidence in government.
Synthesis of a robust controller with reduced dimension by the Loop Shaping Design Procedure and decomposition based on Laguerre functions
Authors: Haj Salah Ali Ameur , Garna Tarek , Ragot José , Messaoud Hassani
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we present the synthesis of a robust controller for uncertain discrete systems. The synthesis method of such a robust controller is the generalization of the Loop Shaping Design Procedure (LSDP) approach of McFarlane and Glover in the discrete case based on the work of Gu et al. We exploit the bilinear transform known as Tustin’s method in order to formulate the discrete loop shaping technique. A discrete weighting filter and a shaped discrete plant result from this technique. By taking into account the coprime factor uncertainty representation for the resulting shaped plant and by applying the small gain theorem, we define the concept of the robust stabilization of the discrete LSDP approach. This concept is based on the resolution of an optimization problem characterized by the maximum stability margin for the synthesis of the robust controller. To calculate the robust controller we transform this problem to a standard robust [Formula: see text] controller design based on the resolution of the Riccati equations. Also, we present the gap metric theory to characterize the controller’s robustness. We note that the resulting final controller is the combination of the discrete weighting filter and the robust controller. We propose then to exploit the recent work of Bouzrara et al. in order to develop a reduced robust controller by expanding the final controller on two independent Laguerre orthonormal bases. The discrete LSDP and the reduced controller approaches were validated on a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor chemical reactor for a set of different equilibrium points in order to take into account the nonlinearities.
Non-Reflective Thinkers Are Predisposed to Attribute Supernatural Causation to Uncanny Experiences
Authors: Bouvet Romain , Bonnefon Jean-François
Published: May 2015

For unknown reasons, individuals who are confident in their intuitions are more likely to hold supernatural beliefs. How does an intuitive cognitive style lead one to believe in faith healing, astrology, or extrasensory perception (ESP)? We hypothesize that cognitive style is critically important after one experiences an uncanny event that seems to invite a supernatural explanation. In three studies, we show that irrespective of their prior beliefs in the supernatural, non-reflective thinkers are more likely than reflective thinkers to accept supernatural causation after an uncanny encounter with astrology and ESP. This is the first time that controlled experiments demonstrate the negative dynamics of reflection and supernatural causality attribution. We consider the possible generalization of our findings to religious beliefs and their implications for the social vulnerability of non-reflective individuals.
Work Schedules and Work–Family Conflict Among Dual Earners in Finland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Tammelin Mia , Malinen Kaisa , Rönkä Anna , Verhoef Melissa
Published: May 2015

Many European families are affected by the 24/7 economy, but relatively little is known about how working parents experience nonstandard hours. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible associations of dual earners’ work schedules and other work-related factors with their experience of time- and strain-based work–family conflict. These phenomena were examined among dual earners living in Finland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, countries that differ in working time practices and policies. Multigroup structural equation modeling was used to analyze cross-cultural data on dual earners with children aged 0 to 12 years ( N = 1,000). The results showed that working nonstandard schedules was associated with increased time-based work–family conflict, but only among Finnish and British parents. Poorer financial situation, working longer hours, more time spent working at very high speed, and lower work satisfaction were associated with both types of work–family conflict in all countries.