bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of Apelin signaling and endocardial protrusions during cardiac development in zebrafish
Authors:   , Qi Jialing
Published: January 2024

During cardiac development, cardiomyocytes (CMs) are delaminated from the compact muscle wall to increase the muscle mass of the heart. This process is also known as cardiac trabeculation. It has been shown that growth factors produced by endocardial cells (EdCs) are required for myocardial morphogenesis and growth. In particular, Neuregulin produced by EdCs promotes myocardial trabeculation. The deficiency of Neuregulin signaling leads to hypotrabeculation. Endocardial protrusions project from the endocardium to the myocardium are also essential for the trabeculae onset. Yet current studies only introduce the function of endocardial sprouts descriptively. This article first reports the mechanisms of endocardial sprouting during myocardial trabeculation. By living imaging, we first demonstrate that EdCs interact with CMs through membrane protrusions in zebrafish embryos. More interestingly, these protrusions stay in close contact with their target CMs in spite of the cardiac contraction. We utilize loss-of-function strategies to report the importance of myocardial apelin, which induces endocardial protrusion formation. Zebrafish lacking Apelin signaling exhibit defects in endocardial protrusion formation as well as excessive deposition of cardiac jelly and hypotrabeculation. Notably, we also present data that blocking protrusion formation in endocardial cells phenocopies the trabeculation defects in apelin mutants. Mechanistically, endocardial-derived Neuregulin requires Apelin signaling mediated endocardial protrusions, and Neuregulin dependent pERK expression is attenuated in the condition of reduced endocardial protrusion formation. Together, our data suggest that endocardial-myocardial communication through endocardial protrusions acts as an underlying principle allowing myocardial growth.
Novelty detection in underwater inspection videos
Authors: Batista Evelyn , Caarls Wouter , Mendonza Leonardo , Pacheco Marco
Published: January 2024

This work consists of a study on the detection of anomalies in underwater inspection videos. Novelty detection is the identification of new or distinct data from a dataset, where the challenge is for an intelligent algorithm to be able to detect an input pattern as being previously unknown. Then, different models with different configurations were chosen, trained using different video frames and analyzed in order to find the best pattern detection model. The objective of this work is to contribute to the automatic detection of anomalies, which is currently a task carried out by specialists who analyze these videos. The model shows promise compared to other similar works in the area.
Modelos Locais Crescentes para Identificação de Sistemas com Outliers: Um Estudo Comparativo
Authors: Bessa Jessyca , Barreto Guilherme , Barroso Darlan
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we compare evolving variants of the growing local models (RAN and INC-LLM) for recursive dynamical system identification. The proposed model has the following features: growing online structure, fast recursive updating rules, better memory use (no storage of covariance matrices is required) and outlier-robustness. In this regard, efficiency in performance and simplicity of implementation are the essential qualities of the proposed approach. The proposed outlier-robust versions of RAN and INC-LLM results from a synergistic amalgamation of two simple but powerful ideas. For this purpose, we combine the neuron insertion strategy and outlierrobust LMS-like parameter estimation rules. A comprehensive evaluation involving two benchmarking data sets corroborates the proposed approachs superior predictive performance in outlier-contaminated scenarios compared to original models.
Previsão da Rugosidade Global do Modelo de Deposição Balística Usando Redes Neurais
Authors: Makhoul Junior Bassem Youssef , Simas Filho Eduardo , de Assis Thiago
Published: January 2024

Por conta do aumento da quantidade de dados disponíveis em modo global e da constante evolução dos modelos e algoritmos de treinamento, redes neurais vem se tornando cada vez mais populares, isto, seja na indústria como na academia. Na área de ciência dos materiais, modelos que envolvem simulação computacional do crescimento de superfícies em situações fora do equilíbrio termodinâmico ajudam a entender e melhorar a produção de novos materiais. A partir destas premissas, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo empregar modelos de redes neurais do tipo perceptron multicamadas para realizar a previsão da evolução temporal da rugosidade global, considerando o modelo de deposição balística unidimensional. Um treinamento supervisionado e realizado a partir dos dados obtidos via simulação fenomenológica, de forma a efetuar uma extrapolação da rugosidade global ate o seu regime estacionário para sistemas com comprimentos laterais que inviabilizam a obtenção via simulação computacional. Foi utilizado como parâmetro de validação a raiz do erro quadrático médio percentual, de forma a avaliar o quão bem sucedido o aprendizado foi realizado pelo algoritmo. E possível destacar como resultados a evolução temporal da rugosidade global ate o seu estado estacionário para comprimentos que ainda não foram observados na literatura, e a partir destes, foram gerados resultados consistentes para os expoentes de rugosidade previstos no limite de grandes comprimentos.
A study on improvement of practical national administrative organization legal system aimed at coexistence and convergence
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, RHEE Eun-sang
Published: January 2024

In-depth research on administrative organization from the perspective of administrative law has not been sufficiently conducted so far. In a situation where social problems are becoming more complex and diverse, and the risks and uncertainties inherent therein are increasing, it is necessary to study from a legal perspective on the appropriate administrative organization to respond to the situation. Among the many topics that can be studied in relation to that study, legal research on administrative operations involving multiple administrative agencies is particularly necessary because it can serve as a starting point for understanding the reality of frequent interactions within public administration and preventing and resolving disputes between administrative agencies. This paper is a broad-brush study of administrative operations related to multiple administrative agencies.
This paper focuses on the relationship between multiple central administrative organizations while leaving the relationship with local administrative organizations as a future research topic. First, this paper reviews the current status of laws and systems premised on administrative operations related to multiple central administrative agencies. Next, it reviews republicanism as an administrative organization principle for realizing appropriate administrative purposes of multiple central administrative agencies, and coexistence and convergence as its central values. Finally, based on the results of such review, this paper presents practical ways to improve the central administrative organization legal system, aiming for and realizing the coexistence and convergence of multiple central administrative agencies.
Human Data on Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Cannabinoids: A Narrative
Review
Authors: Maldonado Cecilia , Peyraube Raquel , Fagiolino Pietro , Oricchio Florencia , Cuñetti Leticia , Vázquez Marta
Published: January 2024

Concomitant use of cannabinoids with other drugs may result in pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions,
mainly due to the mechanism involving Phase I and Phase II enzymes and/or efflux transporters. Cannabinoids
are not only substrates but also inhibitors or inducers of some of these enzymes and/or transporters.
This narrative review aims to provide the available information reported in the literature regarding human data
on the pharmacokinetic interactions of cannabinoids with other medications. A search on Pubmed/Medline,
Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library was performed. Some studies were identified with Google search. Additional
articles of interest were obtained through cross-referencing of published literature. All original research
papers discussing interactions between cannabinoids, used for medical or recreational/adult-use purposes, and
other medications in humans were included. Thirty-two studies with medicinal or recreational/adult-use cannabis
were identified (seventeen case reports/series, thirteen clinical trials, and two retrospective analyses). In
three of these studies, a bidirectional pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction was reported. In the rest of the
studies, cannabinoids were the perpetrators, as in most of them, concentrations of cannabinoids were not measured.
In light of the widespread use of prescribed and non-prescribed cannabinoids with other medications,
pharmacokinetic interactions are likely to occur. Physicians should be aware of these potential interactions and
closely monitor drug levels and/or responses. The existing literature regarding pharmacokinetic interactions is
limited, and for some drugs, studies have relatively small cohorts or are only case reports. Therefore, there is a
need for high-quality pharmacological studies on cannabinoid-drug interactions.
Tackling Nontuberculous Mycobacteria by Repurposable Drugs and
Potential Leads from Natural Products
Authors: Amruta Adhikrao Patil , Mayuri Motiram Gudle , Kumar Gautam
Published: January 2024

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) refer to bacteria other than all Mycobacterium species that do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy, excluding the species of the Mycobacterium tu-berculosis complex, M. leprae and M. lepromatosis. NTM are ubiquitous and present in soils and natural waters. NTM can survive in a wide range of environmental conditions. The direct inocu-lum of the NTM from water or other materials is most likely a source of infections. NTMs are re-sponsible for several illnesses, including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cystic fibrosis, bronchi-ectasis, chronic obstructive pneumoconiosis, and pulmonary disease. Recent reports suggest that NTM species have become insensitive to sterilizing agents, antiseptics, and disinfectants. The ef-ficacy of existing anti-NTM regimens is diminishing and has been compromised due to drug re-sistance. New and recurring cases of multidrug-resistant NTM strains are increasing. Thus, there is an urgent need for ant-NTM regimens with novel modes of action. This review sheds light on the mode of antimicrobial resistance in the NTM species. Then, we discussed the repurposable drugs (antibiotics) that have shown new indications (activity against NTM strains) that could be developed for treating NTM infections. Also, we have summarised recently identified natural leads acting against NTM, which have the potential for treating NTM-associated infections.
Utilizing Pharmacogenomic Data for a Safer Use of Statins among the
Emirati Population
Authors: Alqasrawi Mais N. , Al-Mahayri Zeina N. , Alblooshi Hiba , Alsafar Habiba , Ali Bassam R.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Statins are the most prescribed lipid-lowering drugs worldwide. The associated
adverse events, especially muscle symptoms, have been frequently reported despite their perceived
safety. Three pharmacogenes, the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
(SLCO1B1), ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), and cytochrome P450 9C9
(CYP2C9) are suggested as safety biomarkers for statins. The Clinical Pharmacogenomic Implementation
Consortium (CPIC) issued clinical guidelines for statin use based on these three genes.

Objectives:

The present study aimed to examine variants in these pharmacogenes to predict the safety
of statin use among the Emirati population.

Methods:

Analyzing 242 whole exome sequencing data at the three genes enabled the determination
of the frequencies of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), annotating the haplotypes and the
predicted functions of their proteins.

Results:

In our cohort, 29.8% and 5.4% had SLCO1B1 decreased and poor function, respectively. The
high frequency warns of the possibility of significant side effects of some statins and the importance
of pharmacogenomic testing. We found a low frequency (6%) of the ABCG2:rs2231142 variant,
which indicates the low probability of Emirati patients being recommended against higher rosuvastatin
doses compared with other populations with higher frequencies of this variant. In contrast, we
found high frequencies of the functionally impaired CYP2C9 alleles, which makes fluvastatin a less
favorable choice.

Conclusion:

Among the sparse studies available, the present one demonstrates all SLCO1B1 and
CYP2C9 function-impairing alleles among Emiratis. We highlighted how population-specific pharmacogenomic
data can predict safer choices of statins, especially in understudied populations.
Biological Potential and Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Polyethylene Alkyne Class Phytochemical ‘Atractylodin’ in Medicine for the Treatment of Cancer and other Human Complications
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar , Patel Kanika
Published: January 2024

Background:

Atractylodes lancea Thunb. (Asteraceae) is a commonly used medicinal
plant for gastric and appetite-associated complications in traditional Chinese medicine. The rhizome
of Atractylodes lancea has been widely used for the treatment of human complications. Atractylodin
has anti-angiogenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-pyretic and anti-hypertensive
potential in medicine. Nano-formulations of atractylodin were also prepared in the scientific field
to enhance its water solubility and efficacy in cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods:

Health-beneficial aspects of atractylodin in medicine have been investigated in the present
work through collected scientific information on atractylodin from different literature databases. Scientific
data on atractylodin has been collected from Google, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed.
Further, detailed pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of atractylodin were discussed in
this paper in order to know its biological potential in medicine. Analytical techniques of atractylodin
were also discussed in the present work for separation, isolation, and identification of atractylodin.

Results:

Scientific data analysis signified the biological importance of Atractylodes lancea Thunb.
and its active phytochemical atractylodin in medicine. Scientific data signified the presence of atractylodin
in Atractylodes lancea, Atractylodes chinensis, Atractylodes japonica, Atractylodes macrocephala,
Atractylodes ovate and Atractylodis Rhizoma. Atractylodin has a significant biological
effect on cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, cancer anorexiacachexia
syndrome, colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory complications, GIT complications, hepatic
complications, atopic dermatitis, aging process, neurodegenerative disease, calcified aortic valve
disease, hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, body temperature, olfactory neurons, podocyte hypermotility
and toxicity. Further, its anti-nociceptive, anti-fibrotic, anti-angiogenic, anti-virulence, antibacterial,
insecticidal, lipase inhibitory potential, immunomodulatory, and positive inotropic effects
were also discussed in the present paper. Analytical techniques for the separation, isolation and identification
of atractylodin in different samples were also discussed in the present work.

Conclusion:

The present work's scientific data signified the biological importance of atractylodin in
medicine.
Insights from Overviewing Selective International Guidelines for Pediatric
Asthma
Authors: Hon Kam Lun Ellis , Ng Daniel K.K. , Chiu Wa Keung , Leung Alexander K.C.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Asthma is a chronic atopic and inflammatory bronchial disease characterized by recurring symptoms and, episodic reversible bronchial obstruction and easily triggered
bronchospasms. Asthma often begins in childhood. International guidelines are widely accepted
and implemented; however, there are similarities and differences in the management approaches.
There is no national guideline in many cities in Asia. This review aims to provide a practical perspective on current recommendations in the management of childhood asthma, specifically in the
following aspects: diagnosis, classification of severity, treatment options, and asthma control, and
to provide physicians with up-to-date information for the management of asthma

Methods:

We used the PubMed function of Clinical Queries and searched keywords of "Asthma",
"Pediatric," AND "Guidelines" as the search engine. "Clinical Prediction Guides", "Etiology",
"Diagnosis", "Therapy," "Prognosis," and "Narrow" scope were used as filters. The search was
conducted in November 2022. The information retrieved from this search was used in compiling
the present article.

Results:

Diagnosis is clinically based on symptom pattern, response to therapy with bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids, and spirometric pulmonary function testing (PFT). Asthma is classified in accordance with symptom frequency, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), atopic versus nonatopic etiology, where atopy means a predisposition toward a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. Asthma is also classified as intermittent or persistent (mild to severe). Unfortunately, there is no disease cure for asthma. However, symptoms can
be prevented by trigger avoidance and suppressed with inhaled corticosteroids. Antileukotriene
agents or long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) may be used together with inhaled corticosteroids if
symptoms of asthma are not controlled. Rapidly worsening symptoms are usually treated with an
inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA, e.g., salbutamol) and oral corticosteroids. Intravenous
corticosteroids and hospitalization are required in severe cases of asthma attacks. Some guidelines
also provide recommendations on the use of biologics and immunotherapy.

Conclusion:

Asthma is diagnosed clinically, with supporting laboratory testing. Treatment is
based on severity classification, from intermittent to persistent. Inhaled bronchodilator and steroid
anti-inflammatory form the main stay of management.
“Hyperglycemic Memory”: Observational Evidence to Experimental Inference
Authors: Ahmadi Mohsen , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Najari-Hanjani Parisa , Morshedzadeh Firouzeh , Malakoutian Tahereh , Abbasi Mohsen , Akbari Hounaz , Amoli Mahsa Mohammad , Saffarzadeh Negin
Published: January 2024

:

Several epidemiological studies have appreciated the impact of “duration” and “level”
of hyperglycemia on the initiation and development of chronic complications of diabetes. However,
glycemic profiles could not fully explain the presence/absence and severity of diabetic
complications. Genetic issues and concepts of “hyperglycemic memory” have been introduced as
additional influential factors involved in the pathobiology of late complications of diabetes. In
the extended phase of significant diabetes randomized, controlled clinical trials, including
DCCT/EDIC and UKPDS, studies have concluded that the quality of glycemic or metabolic control
at the early time around the diabetes onset could maintain its protective or detrimental impact
throughout the following diabetes course.

:

There is no reliable indication of the mechanism by which the transient exposure to a given glucose
concentration level could evoke a consistent cellular response at target tissues at the molecular
levels. Some biological phenomena, such as the production and the concentration of advanced
glycation end products (AGEs), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein kinase C
(PKC) pathway activations, epigenetic changes, and finally, the miRNAs-mediated pathways,
may be accountable for the development of hyperglycemic memory. This work summarizes evidence
from previous experiments that may substantiate the hyperglycemic memory soundness by
its justification in molecular terms.
Herbal Components for the Treatment of Liver Disorders: Advances and Prospective
Authors: Fatima Tatheer , Hussain Zeashan , Katiyar Devendra Kumar , Malviya Rishabha
Published: January 2024

The situation is made worse by the absence of detailed treatment plans for liver disease,
a dangerous illness. The current liver disease treatments are insufficient, and their long-term usage
is prevented by systemic toxicity. Since the toxicity factor seems to be on the lower end of the
spectrum, herbal remedies have been utilized for ages to treat liver ailments. This article focuses
on providing insight into liver diseases along with the herbal components that are used nowadays
for efficiently treating them. The given herbal components glycyrrhizin, quercetin, curcumin, silymarin,
and Phyllantus niruri have proven to be efficacious in treating liver diseases with no or
bare minimum side effects. The liver diseases discussed in this review article include alcoholic liver
disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, hemochromatosis as well and
auto-immune hepatitis. After summarization, it is concluded that these herbal components are
proven to be effective in the treatment of liver diseases, and various research as well as studies
have been conducted for the same.
Empirical Curvelet-ridgelet Wavelet Transform for Multimodal Fusion of Brain
Images
Authors: Jamwal Anupama , Jain Shruti
Published: January 2024

Background:

Empirical curvelet and ridgelet image fusion is an emerging technique in the field of image processing that aims to combine the benefits of both
transforms.

Objective:

Computerized Tomography (CT) and magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) brain images.

Methods:

An empirical coefficient selection strategy is then employed to identify the most significant coefficients from both domains based on their
magnitude and directionality. These selected coefficients are coalesced using a fusion rule to generate a fused coefficient map. To reconstruct the
image, an inverse curvelet and ridgelet transform was applied to the fused coefficient map, resulting in a high-resolution fused image that
incorporates the salient features from both input images.

Results:

The experimental outcomes on real-world datasets show how the suggested strategy preserves crucial information, improves image quality, and
outperforms more conventional fusion techniques. For CT Ridgelet-MR Curvelet and CT Curvelet-MR Ridgelet, the authors' maximum PSNRs
were 58.97 dB and 55.03 dB, respectively. Other datasets are compared with the suggested methodology.

Conclusion:

The proposed method's ability to capture fine details, handle complex geometries, and provide an improved trade-off between spatial and spectral
information makes it a valuable tool for image fusion tasks.
Impact of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT on Survival and Management in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Algın Efnan , Okudan Berna , Açıkgöz Yusuf , Sayan Haluk , Bal Öznur , Seven Bedri
Published: January 2024

Background:

68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-computed tomography (68Ga-PSMA PET/CT) has led to altered
treatment plans for prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the impact of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT on overall survival (OS) and management in PCa.

Methods:

Consecutive 100 patients who had 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and conventional imaging (CI) were included in this retrospective study. Disease stages
and treatment plans according to both CI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were compared. The effect of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT on OS was assessed

Results:

After 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, the stage changed in 64 patients (64%). By the reason of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT findings, treatment plans based on CI
were changed in 73 patients (73%). According to the ROC analysis, patients with a PSA value below 8 had higher rates of change in staging
(p<0.0001) and treatment (p=0.034). Both a PSA below 8 (OR 8.79 95% CI (2.72-28.43), p<0.001), and having a hormone-sensitive disease at the
time of imaging (OR 5.6 95% CI (1.35-23.08), p=0.017) were significant independent factors predicting change in staging with 68Ga-PSMA
PET/CT. The results of a phi correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant relationship between therapy and changes in staging (ϕ=0.638,
p<0.0001). Two-year OS was statistically different in hormone-sensitive patients with and without treatment change (95% vs 81%, p=0.006).

Conclusion:

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT has the effect of changing the treatment in 73% of PCa patients. There is a positive correlation between the changes in staging
and treatment. Survival of hormone sensitive patients has improved due to treatment changes based on PET/CT findings.
Pharmacological Potential of Argan Oil (Argania spinosa) with a Special Focus on its Chemical Composition and Nanoformulations-based Applications
Authors: Paul Taniya , Drakpa Dorji , Mukherjee Prasun , Chakrabarty Sukriti , Jigdrel Karma , Gupta Jeena
Published: January 2024

Argan oil is a rich source of bioactive chemicals with potential health advantages and
is derived from the kernels of the Argania spinosa tree. Since ancient times, argan oil has been
used as a natural cure in traditional medicine. Traditional uses of argan oil include cooking, massaging,
healing, and curing skin, nails, and hair ailments. Due to the high concentration of monoand
polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, polyphenols, and tocopherols, numerous industries
are interested in using them in their top-selling products. Studies have evaluated argan oil's exceptional
qualities, which include restoring the skin's water-lipid layer, increasing nutrients in
skin cells, stimulating intracellular oxygen, neutralizing free radicals, regulating lipid metabolism,
lowering blood pressure, and reducing inflammatory indicators. Utilizing argan oil in diet
will help to fight ailments like cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions. In this article, we
reviewed the published literature to delineate argan oil's chemical composition, extraction procedures,
and pharmacological potential. Furthermore, we also explored the health-beneficial
properties of argan oil-based nano-formulations with evidence to prove their effectiveness
against various diseases. Underlying argan oil's rich composition and beneficial effects, exploring
its favorable qualities and the mechanisms underlying its curative activity will require extensive
research.
Current Application of Nanotechnology to Enhance Cutaneous Permeation of Vitamin C and Derivatives
Authors: Ortiz Beatriz Hecht , de Abreu Garofalo Denise , do Nascimento Tatielle , dos Santos Matos Ana Paula , Ricci-Junior Eduardo
Published: January 2024

Background:

Vitamin C (VitC), or L-ascorbic acid in topical formulations acts as an
antioxidant, depigmentant, stimulator of stratum corneum renewal and collagen synthesis. VitC
is a thermolabile, water-soluble compound, oxidizes when its solution is exposed to air, metals
and high pH. Derivative compounds were created to circumvent the instability, poor penetration
capacity in the stratum corneum. Furthermore, new drug delivery systems using nanotechnology
began to be studied, providing protection against degradation and penetration through the skin.

Objective:

The current paper aimed at carrying out a systematic review between 2006 and 2023,
seeking innovative topical formulations containing VitC and its derivatives, where the problem
of low permeation and instability was circumvented.

Methods:

The search for articles was performed in the Science Direct, Springer and PubMed
databases. The largest amount of information was gathered on innovative formulations for topical
use for the delivery of VitC and its derivatives, physicochemical characterization data, in
vitro and in vivo studies.

Results:

The search in the databases resulted in a total of 3032 articles, of which 16 studies were
selected for the integrative review, as they proved the possibility of carrying the active ingredient
in nanosystems, allowing increased stability, better permeation properties and in vitro cutaneous
release, enabling the therapeutic function of the active ingredient through the application
of formulations to the skin. In vivo studies also proved the clinical efficacy of the compound in
liposomes, ethosomes and niosomes.

Conclusion:

The most described nanocarriers were nanoparticles and liposomes, and one study
involved niosomes and ethosomes. Therefore, even though it is not a newly discovered molecule,
VitC continues to be studied in topical formulations ensuring stability, permeation, and
effectiveness.
Nanostructures and Niosomes: A Quantum Leap in Clotrimazole Therapeutics
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Chaudhary Jitendra Singh , Chanchal Dilip Kumar
Published: January 2024

This in-depth analysis examines the revolutionary potential of nanostructures, particularly
niosomes, in boosting Clotrimazole's therapeutic effectiveness for dermatological applications. A
common antifungal drug called clotrimazole suffers significant problems with solubility, bioavailability,
and penetration. Niosomal gels in particular, which are nanostructured drug carriers, have
emerged as ground-breaking approaches to overcome these constraints. The study opens with an explanation
of the mechanisms of action of Clotrimazole and its wide range of therapeutic uses in dermatology,
emphasising the limitations of standard formulations. We present and explore niosomes,
lipid-based nanocarriers with diverse characteristics. They provide a viable substrate for improved
Clotrimazole administration due to their biocompatibility, adjustable lipid composition, and capacity
to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic medications. The creation and development of clotrimazole-
loaded niosomal gels are at the core of the review. Numerous preparation processes are
investigated, and elements affecting the formation of niosomal gel, such as lipid content and optimization
strategies, are reviewed. Particle size analysis and encapsulation efficiency testing are two
methods for characterising these gels that are covered in depth. The effectiveness of Clotrimazoleloaded
niosomal gels is validated in large part by in vitro and in vivo tests. The review explores in
vitro drug release investigations, studies of skin permeability and penetration, and comparisons with
conventional formulations. When accessible, preclinical and clinical trial insights provide crucial
clinical context. The benefits of clotrimazole-loaded niosomal gels, such as greater patient compliance
and improved drug delivery, are also covered in the article. It solves difficulties including stability
issues and regulatory issues. The review's conclusion emphasises the essential role that
nanostructures and niosomes have played in developing Clotrimazole medicines for dermatological
usage. It provides a thorough review of current developments, exciting new approaches, and the wider
effects of this ground-breaking medication delivery strategy.
Design of Human and Implanted Knee Model using Anthropometric Data for Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Shahu Rashmi
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to estimate the mismatch error between the human
knee and implanted knee for total knee replacement with the help of data analysis considering
the anthropometric and implant data for the Indian population.

Methods:

Anthropometric data collected for 150 cases from the hospital was contrasted with the
typical implant data from the Johnson & Johnson Company and Zimmer. In the data collected for
150 cases, 91 were female patients and 59 were male patients. The maximum cases were for osteoarthritis
and rheumatoid arthritis. For each patient—male and female—the mismatch error was computed
separately. Major focus of the study was laid on the femoral condyle.

Results:

Zimmer implant mismatch errors were computed as follows: -1.18 for A/P and 4.95 for M/L
in patients who were male; -5.6 for A/P and -3.3 for M/L in patients who were female and male. -3.4
for A/P and -0.4 for M/L in female patients; 1.85 for A/P and 8.18 for M/L in male patients was the
mismatch error computed for Johnson & Johnson implants. The total discrepancy in implant results
was 1.83 for men and -4.4 for women for Zimmer, and 5.01 for men and -1.89 for women for Johnson
& Johnson. A mismatch of -19 (for females), -15 (for men) was identified for Zimmer, and -11
(for females), -7 (for males) was found for Johnson & Johnson. The femoral condyle was the cause
of several inaccuracies.

Conclusion:

On the basis of results from data analysis it was found that female patients were more
into pray of high mismatch errors. Also, femoral condyle mismatch was majorly responsible for the
improper fitting of implants error. So, a 3-D model was developed using Slicr3r to justify that the
gap between the implant and implanted knee must not exceed 2mm for femoral condyle in order to
get the best fit. A patent on Asymmetric Prosthetic Tibial Component is available to explain a similar
concept.
Depression-like Behavior Induced by Repeated Administration of
Dexamethasone to Lipopolysaccharide-inflamed Mice
Authors: Shibagaki Fumiya , Kojima Naoko , Furukawa Akane , Nakamichi Noritaka
Published: January 2024

Background:

Over the years, animal models of depression have been developed by loading chronic stress, inducing neuroinflammation, or administering drugs
that induce depression; however, these results have poor reproducibility. Therefore, it is necessary to develop animal models that exhibit definitive
symptoms of depression for studies on potential therapeutics.

Objective:

This study was aimed at investigating depression-like symptoms and their pathogenesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inflamed mice treated with
dexamethasone (DEX).

Methods:

Male ICR mice were injected with LPS, followed by injection with DEX a day later and each day for 6 consecutive days. Depression-like behavior,
expression of the glial markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and the number of the
immature neuronal marker doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells were assessed using tail-suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), western blot
analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis

Results:

Mice in the LPS+DEX group had significantly longer immobility time in the TST and FST than did those in the LPS- or DEX-only and control
groups on day 7 post-LPS administration. GFAP and Iba1 expression was significantly elevated in the hippocampus of mice in the LPS group than
in those of mice in the control group. Moreover, a significantly lower number of DCX-positive cells was observed in the hippocampal dentate
gyrus of mice in the LPS+DEX group compared with that in mice in the LPS- or DEX-only and control groups on day 7 after LPS administration.

Conclusion:

Repeated DEX administration to LPS-inflamed mice may induce definitive depression-like symptoms by decreasing the number of immature
neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. This novel mouse model of depression was produced by repeated administration of steroids to inflamed
mice.
Caenorhabditis elegans as an Outstanding Model to Explore Flavonoids
Under Stress Conditions
Authors: Vasconcellos Maria Cristina , Bezerra Iverson Conrado , dos Santos Macedo Daniel Charles , Fernandes Beatriz Luci , Gubert Priscila
Published: January 2024

Plants produce promising chemicals called secondary metabolites in response to stress,
which protect against oxidative damage in both plants and humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
levels combined with an imbalance in the antioxidant responses can trigger oxidative stress that is
related to many conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cancer. One way to counteract
or avoid the stress excess is by flavonoid administration, a class of plant metabolites with a consistent antioxidant action and the ability to inactivate the free radical excess. The mechanisms, as
well as the benefits and toxicity of antioxidant products, can be tested in alternative animal models.
The mechanisms, as well as the benefits and toxicity of antioxidant products, can be tested in alternative animal models. In this review, we explored how Caenorhabditis elegans, a nematode with high
genetic similarity to human genes and the antioxidant response pathway conserved, can be considered an attractive model organism for testing flavonoid compounds. Here, we emphasize the crucial
results regarding C. elegans and the flavonoid quercetin, focusing on oxidative stress and aging investigations. Also, this review highlights the quercetin benefits in C. elegans lifespan, healthspan,
neurodegeneration, and impacts on insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS).
Antimicrobial and Antifungal Effects of Essential Oils from Origanum vulgare, Lavandula officinalis, and Syzygium aromaticum on Bacterial Strains
through Gaseous Contact
Authors: Ainseba Nabila , Loukili Nabila , Soulimane Amina , Bellifa Samia , Dib Mohammed El Amine , Muselli Alain
Published: January 2024

Background:

Hospital-acquired infections, also known as nosocomial infections, affect
thousands of patients worldwide. In Algeria, these infections raise significant concerns and give
rise to numerous questions due to hygiene deficits and non-compliance with preventive measures.

Objective:

The main objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal
properties of Origanum vulgare, Lavandula officinalis, and Syzygium aromaticum, as well as their
combinations, to discover new antibacterial and antifungal agents to combat nosocomial infections
related to hospital and medical care environments.

Materials and Methods:

Essential oils were obtained by a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed
using GC and GC/MS. The antimicrobial and antifungal activity was tested against several bacteria
responsible for nosocomial infections in in-vitro tests using the gas contact method in sealed containers.

Results:

The essential oil extracted from S. aromaticum buds was primarily composed of eugenol
(59.4%), E-β-caryophyllene (16.5%), and eugenyl acetate (10.5%). The analysis of the chemical
composition of L. officinalis essential oil identified 1,8-cineole (22.8%), β-pinene (12.4%), and
linalool (8.5%) as the main compounds. As for O. vulgare essential oil, its major components were
carvacrol (72.6%) and thymol (10.5%). The results revealed that the essential oils of L. officinalis,
O. vulgare and S. aromaticum, as well as their combinations, used at a concentration of 1/10, had
a remarkable effect on the E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae strains. In contrast, they had
a limited effect on the Gram-positive strain, S. aureus. The antifungal effectiveness of the essential
oil of O. vulgare, as well as the combination of O. vulgare and S. aromaticum, has been remarkable
against the C. albicans species, leading to a complete inhibition of yeast growth

Conclusion:

Our results indicate that our essential oils have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial
activity, which makes them particularly useful as disinfectants in health facilities and could be
used as a valuable medicine to control nosocomial infections and avoid infections acquired during
a stay in a health facility such as respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections.
An Approach of Privacy Preservation and Data Security in Cloud Computing for Secured Data Sharing
Authors: Dewangan Revati Raman , Soni Sunita , Mishal Ashish
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Cloud computing has revolutionized how individuals and businesses engage
with data and software, turning the internet into a powerful computing platform by centralizing
resources. Despite its benefits, there's a challenge in safeguarding sensitive information stored
externally. Cryptography faces threats, particularly chosen-ciphertext attacks aiming for secret
keys or system information. While more common in public-key encryption, these attacks are less
frequent in symmetrically coded systems. Security efforts include validating system resilience and
continuous improvement, which are vital in countering evolving threats like adaptive chosen ciphertext
attacks.

Methods:

In the evaluation model, stringent measures emphasize robust encryption for system
security. Despite the planning, no ciphertext attack guarantees success, necessitating adaptive security
protocols. Adaptive attacks like CCA2 expose vulnerabilities, enabling attackers to manipulate
ciphertexts persistently.

Results:

We observe an average gain of 65% for the decryption algorithm. Efforts focus on
strengthening security. The flawed 32-bit key-based encryption in the modified Cramer-Shoup
structure undergoes remediation.

Conclusion:

Conventional uncertainties validate resilience, emphasizing continuous evaluation
and enhancement to counter evolving threats.
Komodo Dragon Mlipir Algorithm-based CNN Model for Detection of
Illegal Tree Cutting in Smart IoT Forest Area
Authors: Aluvalu Rajanikanth , Sharma Tarunika , Viswanadhula Uma Maheswari , Thirumalraj Aruna Devi , Prasad Kantipudi Maha Veera Vara , Mudrakola Swapna
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Trees and woods are vital to preventing climate change and protecting our planet. Sadly, they are constantly being destroyed due to human activities like deforestation, fires, etc.

Method:

This research presents and examines an outline for using audio event categorisation to
automatically detect unlawful tree-cutting activity in forests. To monitor large swaths of forest,
the research team proposes using ultra-low-power, minor devices incorporating edgecomputing microcontrollers and long-range wireless communication. An efficient and accurate
audio classification solution based on multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and modified convolutional neural networks (M-CNN) is projected and tailored for cutting. The Komodo Dragon Mlipir
Algorithm (KDMA) is used to pick the best weight for the CNN.

Result:

Compared to earlier efforts, the suggested system uses a computing technique to recognise deforestation-related hazards. Various preprocessing methods have been evaluated, with
special attention paid to the trade-off between classification precision and computer resources,
memory, and power use.

Conclusion:

Additionally, there have been long-range communication trials performed in natural settings. The experimental consequences demonstrate that the suggested method can notice
and apprise tree-cutting occurrences through smart IoT for efficient and lucrative forest nursing.
Laboratory Analogs of Thermally Processed Ices Containing H2O, N2,
NH3, CO2, and C2H3N Relevant to Astrophysical Environments
Authors: White Douglas W.
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Laboratory simulations can benefit ground- and space-based observations
of icy bodies in outer space. It is well-known that NH3 and CO2 can interact, forming
ammonium carbamate (CH6N2O2).

Method:

This study examines NH3 and CO2 in thermally processed H2O-rich ices in the laboratory
via mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy. In particular, the presence of CO2 in NH3-
ice mixtures thermally annealed at 150 K for more than four hours in systematic experiments
suggested that ammonium carbamate could potentially trap volatiles within the ice matrix.

Result:

Additional studies with acetonitrile (C2H3N) in ice mixtures containing H2O, CO2, and
NH3 were also performed. Absorption peak position changes were recorded when the temperature
was slowly increased (≤ 5K/min) and also annealed at temperatures up to 150 K.

Conclusion:

These studies will hopefully be useful in interpreting pre-biotic chemistry in the
Solar System.
Zebrafish Experimental Animal Models for AD: A Comprehensive
Review
Authors: Sande Ruksar , Godad Angel , Doshi Gaurav
Published: January 2024

AD disease (AD) is a multifaceted and intricate neurodegenerative disorder characterized
by intracellular neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation and the excessive production and deposition
of Aβ senile plaques. While transgenic AD models have been found instrumental in unravelling AD
pathogenesis, they involve cost and time constraints during the preclinical phase. Zebrafish, owing
to their simplicity, well-defined behavioural patterns, and relevance to neurodegenerative research,
have emerged as a promising complementary model. Zebrafish possess glutaminergic and cholinergic
pathways implicated in learning and memory, actively contributing to our understanding of neural
transmission processes. This review sheds light on the molecular mechanisms by which various
neurotoxic agents, including okadaic acid (OKA), cigarette smoke extract, metals, and transgenic
zebrafish models with genetic similarities to AD patients, induce cognitive impairments and neuronal
degeneration in mammalian systems. These insights may facilitate the identification of effective
neurotoxic agents for replicating AD pathogenesis in the zebrafish brain. In this comprehensive
review, the pivotal role of zebrafish models in advancing our comprehension of AD is emphasized.
These models hold immense potential for shaping future research directions and clinical interventions,
ultimately contributing to the development of novel AD therapies.
Role of Phytoconstituents in Cancer Treatment: A Review
Authors: Kumar Manish , Gupta Sakshi , Kalia Kamini , Kumar Dharmendra
Published: January 2024

Over the years, natural compounds have become a significant advancement in cancer
treatment, primarily due to their effectiveness, safety, bio-functionality, and wide range of molecular
structures. They are now increasingly preferred in drug discovery due to these attributes.
These compounds, whether occurring naturally or with synthetic modifications, find applications
in various fields like biology, medicine, and engineering.

:

While chemotherapy has been a successful method for treating cancer, it comes with systemic
toxicity. To address this issue, researchers and medical practitioners are exploring the concept of
combinational chemotherapy. This approach aims to reduce toxicity by using a mix of natural
substances and their derivatives in clinical trials and prescription medications.

:

Among the most extensively studied natural anticancer compounds are quercetin, curcumin, vincristine,
and vinblastine. These compounds play crucial roles as immunotherapeutics and
chemosensitizers, both as standalone treatments and in combination therapies with specific
mechanisms. This review article provides a concise overview of the functions, potentials, and
combinations of natural anticancer compounds in cancer treatment, along with their mechanisms
of action and clinical applications