bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional population receptive field mapping of human primary somatosensory cortex
Authors: Asghar Michael , Sanchez-Panchuelo Rosa , Schluppeck Denis , Francis Susan
Published: May 2023

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can provide detailed maps of how sensory space is mapped in the human brain. Here, we use a novel 16 stimulator setup (a 4x4 grid) to measure two-dimensional sensory maps of between and within-digit (D2-D4) space using high spatial-resolution (1.25 mm isotropic) imaging at 7 Tesla together with population receptive field (pRF) mapping in 10 participants. Using a 2D Gaussian pRF model, we capture maps of the coverage of digits D2-D5 across Brodmann areas and estimate pRF size and shape. In addition, we compare results to previous studies that used fewer stimulators by constraining pRF models to a 1D Gaussian Between Digit or 1D Gaussian Within Digit model. We show that pRFs across somatosensory areas tend to have a strong preference for pRFs to cover the within-digit axis. We show an increase in pRF size moving from D2-D5. We quantify pRF shapes in Brodmann area (BA) 3b,3a,1,2 and show differences in pRF size in Brodmann areas 3a-2, with larger estimates for BA2. Generally, the 2D Gaussian pRF model better represents pRF coverage maps generated by our data, which itself is produced from a 2D stimulation grid.
Intelligent Motion Detector: Compositing Reversibly-Crosslinkable Polymer Films with Encapsulated Electrodes and Cognitive Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Choi Su Bin , Shin Hyun Sik , Kim Jong-Woong
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and implementation of a novel composite film, polybutadiene-based urethane (PBU)/AgNW/PBU sensor (PAPS), demonstrating remarkable mechanical stability and precision in motion detection. The sensor capitalizes on the integration of Ag nanowire (AgNW) electrodes into a neutral plane, embedded within a reversibly crosslinkable PBU polymer. The meticulous arrangement mitigates pore and interface formation, resulting in enhanced mechanical robustness, reproducibility, and long-term reliability. The PBU polymer underwent electrospinning and sequential Diels-Alder (DA) and retro-DA reactions, creating a planarized encapsulation layer. This encapsulation, matching the thickness of the pre-formed PBU film, effectively houses the AgNW electrodes. The PAPS outperforms conventional AgNW/PBU sensors (APS) in terms of mechanical stability and bending insensitivity. When affixed to various body parts, the PAPS generates distinctive signal curves, reflecting the specific body part and degree of motion involved. The PAPS sensor's utility is further magnified by the application of machine learning and deep learning algorithms for signal interpretation. K-means clustering algorithm authenticated the superior reproducibility and consistency of the signals derived from the PAPS over the APS. Deep learning algorithms, including a singular 1D Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, and dual-layered combinations of 1D CNN + LSTM and LSTM + 1D CNN, were deployed for signal classification. The singular 1D CNN model displayed a remarkable classification accuracy exceeding 98%. The PAPS sensor signifies a pivotal development in the domain of intelligent motion sensors.
EYA4 drives breast cancer progression and metastasis through its novel role in replication stress avoidance.
Authors: Avalos Bárbara de la Peña , Tropée Romain , Duijf Pascal H. G. , Dray Eloïse
Published: May 2023

The Eyes Absent (EYA) family of proteins is an atypical group of four dual-functioning protein phosphatases, which have been linked to many vital cellular processes and organogenesis pathways. Like the other isoforms, EYA4 possesses transcriptional activation and phosphatase functions, with serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphatase domains. EYA4 has been associated with several human cancers, with tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting roles. However, EYA4 is the least well-characterized member of this unique family of phosphatases, with its biological functions and molecular mechanisms in cancer progression, particularly in breast cancer, still largely unknown. In the present study, we found that the over-expression of EYA4 in breast tissue leads to an aggressive and invasive breast cancer phenotype, while the inhibition of EYA4 reduced tumorigenic properties of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cellular changes downstream of EYA4, including cell proliferation and migration, may explain the increased metastatic power of breast cancer cells over-expressing EYA4. Mechanistically, EYA4 prevents genome instability by inhibiting the accumulation of replication-associated DNA damage. Its depletion results in polyploidy as a consequence of endoreplication, a phenomenon that can occur in response to stress. The absence of EYA4 leads to spontaneous replication stress characterized by the activation of the ATR pathway, sensitivity to hydroxyurea, and accumulation of endogenous DNA damage as indicated by increased γH2AX levels. In addition, we show that EYA4, specifically its serine/threonine phosphatase domain, plays an important and so far, unexpected role in replication fork progression. This phosphatase activity is essential for breast cancer progression and metastasis. Taken together, our data indicate that EYA4 is a novel breast cancer oncogene that supports primary tumor growth and metastasis. Developing therapeutics aimed at the serine/threonine phosphatase activity of EYA4 represents a robust strategy for killing breast cancer cells, to limit metastasis and overcome chemotherapy resistance caused by endoreplication and genomic rearrangements.
Role of Prone SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients with Equivocal or Abnormal Supine Myocardial Perfusion SPECT
Authors: dilawar hasnain , Habib Salman , Memon Atif
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Combined supine-prone myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) has been shown to reduce attenuation artifact in comparison to supine-only MPS in mixed gender populations with varying risk for coronary artery disease. The aim of this study is to determine whether the additional prone MPS has an advantage over the supine only MPS in determining the diagnostic value of myocardial perfusion SPECT inpatient with known and unknown coronary artery disease.
Material& Methods: This prospective study was performed on 93 patients, divided into two major groups patients with known coronary artery disease and without known coronary artery disease. The duration of this study was 06 months including 03 months for clinical follow up. All patients who were assessed using standard stress supine protocol in addition to stress prone includedwho were observed either inferior, anterior or antero-septal wall perfusion defect in the stress supinestudy and they were underwent stress prone using coronary angiography as gold standard evaluating coronary artery disease.
Results: Total n=93 patients were enrolled in this prospective study and divided into two main categories. Group I (n=29) included 31% of study population with known coronary artery disease and Group II (n=64) comprises of 69% of study population with no prior history of coronary artery disease. Prone imaging correctly revealed defect improvement in 72 (77%) patients (72/93) with perfusion defects in anterior and inferior wall. Chi-Square (Pearson) test was applied for statistical analysis which revealed p value of “0.005”. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of prone stress MPS in Group-I was calculated as 92%, 80%, 96%, 67% &90% while in Group-I these values were 86%, 81%, 80%, 87% and 83.3% respectively. The combined sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of prone stress was 89.5%, 81%, 89.5%, 81% & 86.4%.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the addition of prone MPS with supine MPS overcomes soft tissue attenuation artifact hence decreases the false positive rates and preventing unnecessary further investigations and improves diagnostic accuracy.
From responses of macroinvertebrate metrics to the definition of reference metrics and stressor threshold values
Authors: HOUNYEME Romuald , MAMA Daouda , ARGILLIER Christine
Published: May 2023

The present study focused on using benthic macrofauna to assess the risks of moving away from Good Ecological Status towards the functioning of an anthropized system (Nokoué-Benin), based on defining reference values for macroinvertebrate metrics, stress thresholds and the responses of selected metrics to stressors. The approach used is a combination of a joint species distribution model and Bayesian networks. We used JSDM to select relevant metrics and generate posterior probabilities. We then converted these posterior probabilities into posterior response probabilities for each of the stress levels and fed them into a Bayesian network. To define the reference values of the metrics and the stress thresholds derived from the probability density diagrams for low-pressure levels, we used the responses predicted by the Bayesian network. An application of this approach was then carried out on a lagoon sampled during high and low water periods for three consecutive years (2004-2006), with 33 macroinvertebrate taxa present in all seasons and sampling points, and measurements of 14 environmental parameters used as application data. This study demonstrated a reliable inference, the selection of seven relevant metrics and the definition of reference conditions. The relevance of the metrics and ecological assessment criteria, despite the small sample size, suggests the potential for wider applicability of the approach to aquatic ecosystem monitoring and assessment programs in developing countries, which are generally characterized by a lack of monitoring data.
Immunological profile of mice immunized with a polyvalent virosome-based influenza vaccine
Authors: Fonseca Francisco , Haach Vanessa , Bellaver Franciana , Bombassaro Gabrielly , Gava Danielle , Paulino Luciano , Baron Lana , Simonelly Mayara , Araujo Wanessa , Schaefer Rejane , Bastos Ana
Published: May 2023

Influenza-based virosome is an effective immunomodulating carrier that replicates the natural antigen presentation pathway and has tolerability profile due to their purity and biocompatibility. Based on that, this study aimed to develop a polyvalent virosome influenza vaccine containing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins derived from the swine influenza A viruses (IAVs) H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 viruses, and to investigate its effectiveness in mice as a potential vaccine for swine. The humoral and cellular immune responses in mice vaccinated intranasally or intramuscularly with polyvalent influenza virosomal vaccine were investigated. Only intramuscular vaccination induced high hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. Seroconversion and seroprotection (> 4-fold rise in HI antibody titers, reaching a titer of ≥ 1:40) were achieved in 80% of mice (intramuscularly vaccinated group) at 21 days after booster immunization. Long-lasting immunity was observed 8 months after vaccination. Overall, mice immunized with the virosome displayed greater ability for B, effector-T and memory-T cells from the spleen to respond to H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 antigens. All findings showed an efficient immune response against IAVs in mice vaccinated with a polyvalent virosome-based influenza vaccine.
Parasite proteostasis and artemisinin resistance
Authors: Rosenthal Melissa , Ng Caroline
Published: May 2023

The continued emergence and spread of resistance to artemisinins, the cornerstone of first line antimalarials, threatens significant gains made toward malaria elimination. Mutations in Kelch13 have been proposed to mediate artemisinin resistance by either reducing artemisinin activation via reduced parasite hemoglobin digestion or by enhancing the parasite stress response. Here, we explored the involvement of the parasite unfolded protein response (UPR) and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), vital to maintaining parasite proteostasis, in the context of artemisinin resistance. Our data show that perturbing parasite proteostasis kills parasites, early parasite UPR signaling dictate DHA survival outcomes, and DHA susceptibility correlates with impairment of proteasome-mediated protein degradation. These data provide compelling evidence toward targeting the UPR and UPS to overcome existing artemisinin resistance.
Novel requirements for HAP2-mediated gamete fusion in Tetrahymena.
Authors: Pinello Jennifer , Loidl Joseph , Seltz Ethan , Cassidy-Hanley Donna , Kolbin Daniel , Abdelatif Anhar , Rey Félix , An Rocky , Newberger Nicole , Bisharyan Yelena , Papoyan Hayk , Byun Haewon , Aguilar Hector , Cole Eric , Clark Theodore
Published: May 2023

The ancestral gamete fusion protein, HAP2/GCS1 catalyzes sperm-egg fusion in a broad range of taxa dating to the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Remarkably, HAP2/GCS1 orthologs are structurally related to the class II fusogens of modern-day viruses, and recent studies make clear that these proteins utilize similar mechanisms to achieve membrane merger. To identify factors that may regulate HAP2/GCS1 activity, we screened mutants of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila for behaviors that mimic Δhap2/gcs1 knockout phenotypes in this species. Using this approach, we identified two new genes, GFU1 and GFU2, whose products are necessary for the formation of membrane pores during fertilization and show that the product of a third gene, namely ZFR1, may be involved in pore maintenance and/or expansion. Finally, we propose a model that explains cooperativity between the fusion machinery on apposed membranes of mating cells and accounts for successful fertilization in T. thermophila’s multiple mating type system.
SCOPChain: A Blockchain Based Privacy Preserving Framework for Data Service Composition
Authors: khemaissia Rofaida , Derdour Makhlouf , Ferrag Mohamed Amine , Bouhamed Mohammed Mounir
Published: May 2023

Service composition is combining multiple services to provide for user query a new service which uses data from multiple service providers that are incorporated in the composition. In this situation, the data privacy and especially of the service providers can be breached. Therefore, keeping the data privacy during the composition process is crucial by every work in the context of the service composition. Recent approaches rely on a central mediator that can be trusted or not to ensuring the privacy of the service providers during the query execution. The most recent approaches found problems in case of untrusted mediator where they enforce restrictions that can affect the efficiency of their works. Therefore, we propose SCOPChain which preserves the privacy of data service providers during service composition using BlockChain technology. We used a permissioned BlockChain that acts as trusted mediator where it enables users to access to the BC if they get administrator permission. We use a BC framework called Hyperledger Fabric to implement our solution where it stores sensitive data about the composition whereat intermediate query results are saved in IPFS that acts as offchain storage. As a proof of concept, we have tested SCOPChain on a real-world medical dataset to show its feasibility and efficiency for maintaining privacy in a secure and trusted manner.
Profiles of poor and good spellers in German noun capitalization
Authors: Mangelschots Katinka , Ugen Sonja , Weth Constanze
Published: May 2023

This study investigated how fourth graders with different proficiency levels (1st and 4th quartile, 192 and 195 pupils respectively) produce and detect German noun capitalization in relation to two factors, lexical-semantic characteristics of the noun and the structure of the noun phrase (NP). The first factor includes concrete and abstract nouns, and nominalized verbs and adjectives, the second factor the syntactic context of the NP (with or without determiner and/or adjective, including bare noun). The two proficiency groups showed different patterns in the production and detection of capitalization in relation to these two factors after three years of instruction in noun capitalization. The low-proficiency group performed on chance level only for concrete nouns in the context with precedent determiner, the context highlighted at school. The high-proficiency group seemed to make use systematically of the expanded NP in order to recognize and capitalize the noun but still had difficulties with most bare nouns. The paper discusses the type of information low- and high-achieving pupils seem to use in noun capitalization and detection.
Open Educational Resources im inklusiven Unterricht: Eine qualitative Interviewstudie zu Nutzungspraktiken und Weiterbildungsbedarfen von Lehrpersonen
Authors: Berger Jessica , Maitz Katharina , Gasteiger-Klicpera Barbara
Published: May 2023

Das Konzept der Open Educational Resources (OER) wurde ursprünglich im Hochschulkontext entwickelt, wird jedoch immer mehr auch im Schulbereich genutzt. Die vorliegende Studie geht der Frage nach, welches Wissen österreichische Lehrer*innen zum Thema OER haben, wie sie diese im inklusiven Unterricht einsetzen und welche Wünsche und Bedarfe sie hinsichtlich dieses Themas sowohl im Hinblick auf Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildungen, als auch in Bezug auf den Einsatz von OER im Unterricht äußern. Mithilfe eines halbstandardisierten Interviewleitfadens wurden im Frühjahr/Sommer 2022 elf österreichische Lehrpersonen befragt. Aus den Ergebnissen der Interviews geht hervor, dass die überwiegende Mehrheit der Befragten bisher keine oder kaum Berührungspunkte mit dem Begriff OER hatte. Dennoch zeigte sich, dass jede der elf Lehrpersonen regelmäßig OER im Unterricht nutzt, auch wenn die genaue Abgrenzung zwischen OER und Materialien, die nicht unter freier Lizenz verfügbar sind, schwerfällt. Besonders im Sinne der Individualisierung des Unterrichts und der Differenzierung von Materialien zeigt sich, dass Lehrpersonen Dateiformate präferieren, die eine einfache Adaptierung der gefundenen Materialien erlauben. In Bezug auf die Verfügbarkeit von Materialien geht der klare Wunsch nach einem Ausbau des Materialangebots sowie bereits bestehender Materialien hervor. Als Lösungsvorschlag wurde einerseits der Ausbau einer bereits bestehenden Plattform genannt und andererseits die Etablierung einer neuen, umfangreicheren und übersichtlichen Plattform.
 
Abstract
The concept of Open Educational Resources was developed in the context of higher education, but it is increasingly being used in other areas of education, especially in schools. The present study investigates the knowledge of Austrian teachers concerning Open Educational Resources, how they use them in inclusive education and what their wishes and needs are with regard to this topic, both in terms of training and further education, as well as regarding using Open Educational Resources in classrooms. Eleven Austrian teachers were interviewed with a semi-standardised guideline in spring/summer 2022. The majority of the interviewees had no or hardly any previous contact with the term OER. Nevertheless, each of the eleven teachers regularly uses OER in their teaching, even if the differentiation between OER and materials not available under a free licence is difficult for them. Especially regarding individualisation of teaching and differentiation of materials teachers prefer file formats allowing an easy adaptation of the materials. Regarding the availability of materials, there is a clear desire to expand the range of existing materials. The proposed solution was on the one hand the extension of an existing platform and on the other hand the establishment of a new, more comprehensive and clearly structured platform for OER.
A Novel Method Determining the Size and Angle of an Object Using a Depth Camera Without Reference
Authors: GÜREVİN Bilal , GÜL Ramazan , EĞRİ Sema , GÜLTÜRK Furkan , YILDIZ Muhammed , ÇALIŞKAN Fatih , PEHLİVAN İhsan
Published: May 2023

In traditional methods, a fixed object is taken as a reference for size determination. The size of the other object is calculated by comparing the dimensions of this reference object. However, when it is desired to measure objects at different heights, the measurement of the reference object must also be changed. In the study carried out, the size and angle of the products flowing through the line were determined by using a depth camera. The data set was created by taking the measurements of an object of known dimensions from 34 different distances. The mentioned data set consists of the ratio of the number of pixels of the edges of the object to the lengths of the edges. By comparing the correlation between the obtained data set and the distance values, a mathematical equation was extracted with the help of the MATLAB program. With the help of this equation, regardless of the height and color of the object, only the distance to the camera and all 3 dimensions can be calculated. In addition, the angle of the object with the software-generated reference line was calculated by taking the long side of the object as a reference. In this way, the size and angle of the products flowing through the line were determined with a single camera without the need for a reference object and without any color and size discrimination.
Apoptotic Switch in Cancer Stem Cells: A Potential Approach for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Gunasekaran Vinoth Prasanna , Sivaraman Thirunavukkarasu , Ganeshan Mathan
Published: May 2023

Cancer diseases account for about 15% of deaths globally right now, and the percentage may increase in the future. There are more than 100 types of cancer, and each of them is distinct in its origin, microenvironment, growth, metastasis, and signalling pathways. Cancer stem cells are the specialised cells that make cancer more aggressive and difficult to treat. Moreover, cancer aetiology may exist at the genomic, proteomic, or habitat level in any combination. Hence, a unanimous treatment protocol for the different cancers is an uphill task at the present juncture. In this context, this review aims to provide a comprehensive reappraisal concisely of anti-apoptotic proteins, which are shown to be overexpressed in most cancers, if not all, and to forthrightly rationalise the apoptotic proteins as potential biomarkers and druggable targets of the cancers by effectively killing cancer stem cells.
WITHDRAWN: Assessment of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Acute Toxicology Profiles of Cordia rothii and Viola serpens
Authors: Zubair Hafiz Muhammad , Naveed Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Arsalan , Umair Sanaullah , ul Haq Irfan , Ibrahim Muhammad , Anjum Irfan , Fran Ashraf Baig Mirza Muhammad , Jabeen Qaiser
Published: May 2023

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

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Protective Effects of Propolis on Behavioral and Stress Oxidative Changes
in Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination Model
Authors: Farhadifard Ghazal , Haddadi Rasool , Sanemar Khashayar , Farhadifard Homa , Mohammadi Mojdeh
Published: May 2023

Objective:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a continuing demyelination inflammatory disease of
the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we investigated the effect of propolis on locomotor
coordination and stress oxidative modifications in the demyelination model induced by cuprizone because
of its antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Methods:

Mice were nourished with powdered chow, including 0.4% w/w cuprizone for one week and
then 0.2% w/w cuprizone for four weeks, for MS induction. Mice were given propolis at various doses
(100,150, and 200 mg/kg of body weight) during the last 4-weeks of treatment with cuprizone.

Results:

Based on our results, the number of falls decreased significantly in 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg
propolis+cuprizone groups (p < 0.001) but, no significant difference was reported between the 100
mg/kg propolis+cuprizone group and the cuprizone group. The malondialdehyde level decreased significantly
in 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg propolis+cuprizone (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively), although
there was no significant difference in the 100 mg/kg propolis+cuprizone compared to cuprizone
group. Glutathione levels increased significantly in 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg propolis+cuprizone
groups (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively) compared to the cuprizone group. There was no noteworthy
difference in glutathione level at the 100 mg/kg propolis+cuprizone concentration as compared to the
cuprizone group.

Conclusion:

Propolis has the potential to be used as an adjunctive drug in multiple sclerosis treatment.
Part Two: Neural Network Controller for Hydrogen-CNG Powered Vehicle
Authors: Kale Amar , Kadri Usman , Kamble Jayesh , Thorat Makarand , Vijayan Pallippattu , Badgujar Kushal , Kharade Prakash
Published: May 2023

Background:

The control system of the vehicle regulates parameters like fuel flow
control, vehicle speed control, tracking, etc.

Objective:

The main objective of the paper is to monitor and determine an efficient, and automated
control system for an H-CNG-powered vehicle. Using neural networks and machine learning, we
would develop an algorithm for the controller to regulate the speed of the car with the help of
variables involved during the runtime of the vehicle.

Methods:

Initially, Generating a dataset with the help of formulation and computation for training.
Further, analysing different supervised machine learning algorithms and training the Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) using the generated dataset to predict and track the gains of the H-CNG
vehicle accurately.

Results:

Analysis of the gains of the H-CNG vehicle are presented to understand the precision of the
trained Neural Network.

Conclusion:

The final verdict of the paper is that the Neural Network is successful in tracking the
gains of the H-CNG vehicle with the help of the dataset presented for training using the Random
Forest Regression technique for machine learning.
Convergence Towards Blockchain-Based Patient Health Record and Sharing System: Emerging Issues and Challenges
Authors: Kumar Shriva Mahendra , Bhansali Ashok , Kolivand Hoshang , Kant Hiran Kamal
Published: May 2023

The traditional technologies and digital systems of managing and
maintaining data are inherently prone to manipulation at various levels. Ensuring the
anonymity of the patient's identity, the safety of the medical records, and preventing the
patient data from accidental and intended manipulations have been the industry's
biggest challenges for decades. Failing to control the integrity of the Patient Health
Records (PHRs) and Medical Health Records (MHRs) in the Healthcare Data
Management System (HDMS)/ Healthcare Information System (HIS) may create
challenges in identifying, diagnosing, and treating the disease and puts the patient at a
greater risk. The frequency of healthcare data breaches, the magnitude of compromised
records, and the financial impact rapidly increase with time. This chapter
systematically and critically reviews the issues and challenges faced by various
healthcare stakeholders in PHRs/MHRs-based HDMS/HIS systems. Blockchain
powered patient health record and sharing schemes can be used to ensure the integrity
and safety of healthcare data and share data among various healthcare ecosystem
stakeholders using smart contracts to promote transparency, tamper-proofing, and
consented access to data in distributed multi-stakeholder environment. This chapter
highlights the need for post-quantum cryptography and recommendations for future
improvements in blockchain-based patient health records and sharing system.
Probiotics Based Anticancer Immunity in Skin Cancer
Authors: Kingkaew Engkarat , Tanasupawat Somboon
Published: May 2023

Cancer, a condition caused by unregulated cell proliferation, has elevated the
global mortality rate that was rising on a daily basis. The treatments for cancer have
numerous adverse effects on patients’ lives. To enhance this treatment, probiotics and
their metabolites (postbiotics) play an important role in the prevention and treatment of
cancer. The mechanisms behind probiotic anti-tumor and/or anti-cancer actions are not
yet comprehended. Numerous studies demonstrate that probiotics are useful in cancer
prevention and treatment. The majority of which are involved in balancing microbiota,
producing essential compounds containing beneficial effects and anti-tumor and cancer
activity, preventing pathogen infection, modulating the host immunity, reducing
inflammation, and in alleviating the severity of some risk factors. Few studies advise
that they should not be used, emphasizing the risk of infection to patients. This chapter
provides an overview of skin cancer, skin microbiome, gut microbiome, and its
implications in skin cancer, as well as probiotic and postbiotic therapeutic approaches. 
Probiotic-based Anticancer Immunity In Hepato-cellular Carcinoma (liver Cancer)
Authors: Shah Firdosh , Kumar Dwivedi Mitesh
Published: May 2023

One of the most dreaded outcomes of chronic liver illness is hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), and it is the most prevalent primary liver cancer. The gut-liver axis
has been shown to play a key role in the emergence of chronic liver disorders,
including HCC, in recent experimental and clinical studies. The altered gut microbiota
is becoming well recognised as an important factor in the progression of chronic liver
disorders, such as HCC. Probiotics administration has been proposed as a new, safe and
cost-effective strategy for preventing or treating HCC. Probiotics' ability to bind
carcinogens, regulation of gut microbiota, improvement of intestinal barrier integrity,
and immunomodulation are the mechanisms by which they exert anticancer benefits.
This chapter discusses the alterations in gut microbiota linked to HCC and the
implications of probiotics and prebiotics for anticancer mechanisms towards HCC.
Probiotics-based Anticancer Immunity in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Kumar Sushma Shanth , Amrutha Shivaraju , Sankaranarayanan Alwarappan
Published: May 2023

 Every day we are used to hearing about cancer and its effects. Head and
neck cancer is one of the types of cancer which is leading to mortality. Treatment of
cancer is crucial to lead a happy and healthy life. Till today several medical strategies,
such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, etc., have come forward to eradicate cancer, but
along with these approaches, probiotics are also taking part to dissolve this problem. In
simple words, probiotics are microorganisms that are present in fermented foods like
yogurt, cheese, creams, fermented milk, etc., which, when administered to the host,
provide health benefits. Some familiar probiotics are Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. casei
and Streptococcus thermophilus, which are involved in cancer treatment. Much
evidence has proven its health benefits. This chapter focuses on how probiotics act on
cancer cells with an introduction to head and neck cancer, thereby triggering our
interest to probe into further research on treating cancer using probiotics. 
characteristics of neonatal outcomes of HIV-infected mothers with the use of antiretrovirals (ARVS)
Authors: Nisa Rizkia Uswatun , Astuti Dhesi Ari
Published: May 2023

Objective: The purpose of the scoping review is to find out the characteristics of neonatal outcomes of HIV-infected mothers with antiretroviral use. Design: Writing a scoping review following the writing rules of PRISMA ScR. Method: The results of the review show that there are 10 articles obtained from the search process through the Proquest, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. As well as following the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Results: This review raises the theme of outcomes from HIV pregnant women with antiretroviral use before conception and after conception. The administration of ARVs in pregnancy causes various kinds of neonatal outcomes, namely babies born normally, babies with lightweight, babies born prematurely, abortions, IUFD and babies infected with HIV. It was concluded that there is an impact of giving ARVs to pregnant women, but prevention of vertical transmission by taking ARVs immediately and routinely is better done to reduce the incidence of HIV transmission. Conclusion: Factors causing babies born with BBLR, premature, IUFD, and abortion are not necessarily due to factors of ARV use in pregnant women.
Beş yaş altı çocuk ölümlerinin nedenleri ve aşılanma durumlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YAZICIOĞLU Bahadır , ORUÇ Muhammet Ali , TÜRKAN Sibel , YAŞAYANCAN Özkan , YAVUZ Erdinç
Published: May 2023

Amaç: Bebek ve çocuk ölüm oranları ülkelerin gelişmişliğinin, sağlık politikalarının ve sağlık müdahalelerinin etkinliğinin hassas bir göstergesidir. Beş yaş altındaki çocuklar arasındaki ölümlerin önemli kısmı basit ve kanıtlanmış tedbirlerle önlenebilir veya tedavi edilebilir hastalıklardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada beş yaş altı çocuk ölümlerinin nedenleri ve aşılanma durumlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Metod: Çalışma kesitsel tipte tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Çalışmanın evrenini 3 yıllık sürede Samsun ilinde 5 yaş altında ve 1 yaşını tamamlamış toplam 97 çocuk ölümü oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem seçimi yapılmayıp bütün çocuk ölümlerine ait veriler retrospektif olarak incelenerek elde edilmiştir. Ölen çocukların yaş, cinsiyet ve ölüm nedenleri not edilmiştir. Düşme, trafik kazası, ateşli silah yaralanması ve suda boğulma gibi nedenler travma; sepsis, pnömoni, bronkopnömoni, gastroenterit ve ensefalit gibi nedenler enfeksiyon; doğuma bağlı ve kalıtsal hastalıklar doğumsal anomali ve son olarak metabolik ve kronik hastalıklar da kronik hastalıklar başlığında toplanarak sınıflandırılmıştır.
Bulgular: 3 yıllık dönemde Samsun ilinde toplam 97 çocuk ölümü olmuştur. En sık ölüm nedeni enfeksiyon hastalıkları olduğu görülmüştür. Enfeksiyon nedeniyle ölenlerin en sık tanısı bronkopnömonidir. Ölen çocukların aşılanma durumları ölüm nedenlerine göre incelendiğinde; en düşük aşılanma oranlarının sırasıyla kalıtsal hastalık nedenli ölümler, enfeksiyon kaynaklı ölümler ve kronik hastalık nedenli ölümler olduğu görülmüştür. Ölen çocukların annelerinin doğum öncesi birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerindeki takip sıklığı 3,26 defa, ikinci basamakta takip sıklığı ortalaması 2,41 defa olduğu görülmüştür. Gebelik süresince toplam izlem sayı ortalaması 5,67 defa olduğu bulunmuştur. Gebelerin %77,3’ü DSÖ’nün önerisine uygun şekilde en az 4 kez gebelik izlemi yaptırmıştır.
Sonuç: Ölen çocukların aşılanma oranı ulusal aşılanma oranının çok altındadır. Aşılanma oranı en düşük kalıtsal hastalık enfeksiyon kaynaklı ölümlerdedir. En sık ölüm nedeni enfeksiyon kaynaklı ölümlerdir. Enfeksiyon kaynaklı ölümlerin fazla olması enfeksiyonla mücadele ve koruyucu hekimlik uygulamaları gibi birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerine ağırlık verilmesine işaret etmektedir
Analysis of Key Actors in the Sustainable Management of Marine Protected Areas in Ujung Kulon National Park
Authors:   Doctoral Program, Postgraduate School of IPB University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Suparyana Suparyana , Fauzi Akhmad , Kusumastanto Tridoyo , Yulianto Gatot ,   Department of Tropical Marine Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, Yusuf Muhammad ,   Department of Fisheries Agribusiness, Faculty of Fisheries, Cokroaminoto University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Published: May 2023

The users or actors involved in the management of Marine Conservation Areas (MPA) in Ujung Kulon National Park (TNUK) come with various objectives, so it is necessary to always maintain the purpose of establishing a Marine Conservation Area in Ujung Kulon National Park (TNUK) so that it can be sustainable, both from the aspects of economic, social and ecology. The purpose of this study is to analyze the main actors in the management of Marine Conservation Areas in Ujung Kulon national park and formulate a sustainable conservation area management model based on these key actors. The research method is carried out with a survey approach by filling out a questionnaire. The respondents in the study were experts as many as 12 (twelve) people. The data analysis method used in this study is stakeholder analysis with the ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) method. The results of the analysis obtained by the main actors / stakeholders in the management of TNUK Marine Conservation Areas are: 1) Ujung Kulon National Park Center, Banten Provincial Bappeda, Communities (Fishermen), and Private Sector (Entrepreneurs). The proposed management model is a collaborative management model (Government-Community-Private).
Implementation of the Blue Economy Concept of Traditional Fisheries Management in the Conflict Zone, on the Coast of the Kebintik Village, Pangkalan Baru District, Central Bangka Regency
Authors:   Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, University of Bangka Belitung, Indonesia, Bidayani Endang , Reniati Reniati ,   Faculty of Economics, University of Bangka Belitung, Indonesia, Priyambada Agung ,   Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, University of Bangka Belitung, Indonesia
Published: May 2023

Sea is an open access resource, so it has the potential to cause a conflict of interest in its use. One of the conflict zones between smallholder tin miners and traditional fishermen in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands is on the coast of the Kebintik Village, Pangkalan Baru District, Central Bangka Regency. Blue economy is an environmentally friendly management concept to ensure the sustainability of fish resources. For this reason, this research aims to examine on the implementation of the blue economy concept of traditional fisheries management in conflict zones. This research method is a survey method. The research has been conducted in Kebitik Village, Pangkalan Baru District, Central Bangka Regency. Sampling used census sampling technique. The population in this study are traditional fishermen who have operated for more than a year in coastal areas as many as 30 people. Data collection methods in this study include primary data and secondary data. Primary data collection using questionnaires, observation and documentation. Secondary data collection through literature study. The data analysis method used is descriptive method. The implementation of the blue economy concept of traditional fisheries management in the conflict zone which includes the principles of resource efficiency, zero waste, social care and investment, innovation and adaptation is 100%.
Martajasah Mangrove Ecotourism Development Strategy, Bangkalan Regency, Madura
Authors:   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Jl. Raya Telang PO Box 2 Kamal Bangkalan Madura, Farid Akhmad , Zahroh Hotimatus , Sugiarti Teti ,   Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Jl. Raya Telang PO Box 2 Kamal Bangkalan Madura
Published: May 2023

Ecotourism is one of the ecological-based tourism activities, one of which is mangrove ecotourism. Martajasah is one of the mangrove ecotourism areas that have a high potential to be developed because it is adjacent to religious and culinary tourism. The purpose of this study is to determine the profile of tourists and to determine the development strategy of Martajasah Mangrove Ecotourism, Bangkalan Regency. The analytical method used in this study is Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). This analysis relates the level of importance of an attribute owned by a particular object with the reality (performance) felt by tourists. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the majority of Martajasah Mangrove Ecotourism tourists come from Bangkalan Regency, male with student status, with an average age of 16-25 years. The biggest motivation for tourists to visit Martajasah Mangrove Ecotourism is for recreation. The development strategy of Martajasah Mangrove Ecotourism is to improve the quality and quantity of white sand, increase the length of the beach, increase the availability of travel agents to make it easier for tourists to go to Martajasah Mangrove Ecotourism and increase the number of facilities and infrastructure at the Martajasah Mangrove Ecotourism location.
Financial Analysis of Sea Grape Cultivation (Caulerpa sp) Basic Plugging System Quadrant Net Method in Southeast Maluku Regency
Authors:   Department of Fishery Products Technology, Tual State Fisheries Polytechnic, Picaulima Simon Marsholl ,   Langgur Sathean Street, Langgur, Maluku, Erbabley Nally Yans Grispinomia Fraly , Dangeubun Jane Lulinda , Kelabora Dominggas Mintje , Amahorseja Anggelina , Putnarubun Cenny ,   Department of Fishery Products Technology, Tual State Fisheries Polytechnic; Langgur Sathean Street, Langgur, Maluku, Pormes Frederika , Sedubun Hamza , Masreng Gracelia , Rahantan Fitria , Yaurbulan Osama ,   Study Program of Fisheries Agribusiness, Diploma III Program, Tual State Fisheries Polytechnic; Langgur Sathean Street, Langgur, Maluku
Published: May 2023

Sea grape cultivation (Caulerpa sp) is a fishery business activity that can increase the income of coastal communities; therefore, it is necessary to project profit and business opportunities in the future on an ongoing basis based on the profitability. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of sea grape (Caulerpa sp) cultivation with basic plugging system quadrant net method. This study used survey research methods, the type of data needed is primary and secondary data, data collection used a purposive sampling technique, and data collection used a triangulation method. Data analysis consists of total production costs, revenue, profit, break-even point and R/C ratio. The results of the financial analysis of the sea grape cultivation business (Caulerpa sp) using the quadrant net step-by-step system method show that the total production cost is IDR 3,368,333/year, business revenue is IDR 12,600,000/year, the business owner's profit is IDR 9,231,667/year, R/C ratio is 3.74, BEP (unit) is 21 kg and BEP (sales) is IDR 317,106. Sea grape cultivation (Caulerpa sp) with basic plugging system quadrant net method is financially feasible to be developed in order to increase in the people income in the coastal areas of Southeast Maluku Regency.
Latinoamérica hoy: algunas preguntas, reflexiones y retos
Authors: García Torres Gabriel Ulpiano
Published: May 2023

En ciertos sectores existe la creencia de que Latinoamérica es un ente homogéneo. Este artículo pretende, en primer lugar, demostrar que el continente es más bien heterogéneo y que en su seno se establecen realidades diferentes. Usando los números que esto arroja, el texto plantea ciertas preguntas y reflexiones sobre el continente en el marco del siglo xxi, lo que, a su vez, da lugar para pensar en los retos que conlleva consolidar una democracia moderna. Finalmente, termina con una breve reflexión sobre el futuro.
Las flechas ɨ’ɨrí. Un artefacto de resistencia y defensa del territorio náayeri, México
Authors: Castillo Badillo Frine
Published: May 2023

El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar la subjetividad e importancia de las flechas personales denominadas ɨ’ɨrí dentro del pensamiento náayeri. Este tipo de flecha se puede considerar como un artefacto que posee subjetividad, la cual puede entenderse como aquellas cosas que tienden a ser sujetos o adquieren componentes de las personas y como la capacidad de comunicación que convierte a las cosas en seres sociales y de involucrarse en verdad con los seres humanos, porque poseen intencionalidad, agencia y conciencia. Sin ellas, como lo mencionan los habitantes, “no podrían vivir”, debido a que se enfermarían y morirían. Siguiendo la vida del artefacto, las flechas funcionan como marcadores de tiempo y espacio o, más aún, como elementos de resistencia y protección de su región frente a los megaproyectos, así como del crimen organizado que se vive en la región. Uno de los contextos en el que se encuentra inmerso este artefacto corresponde a una ceremonia denominada por los habitantes del pueblo de Santa Teresa como mitote, una ceremonia agrícola dedicada al cultivo del maíz (yúurij).
PENGARUH VARIASI JENIS DAN PELETAKAN REFUGIA TERHADAP KEMELIMPAHAN SERANGGA PADA EKOSISTEM SAWAH
Authors: Aminatun Tien , Suryadarma I Gusti Putu , Suhartini Suhartini , Sujangka Arsyad
Published: May 2023

The kind and refugia placement are very important in agroecosystem engineering, but research that combines the two in rice field is unknown. Therefore, the study aims to examine; (1) the effect of variations in the kind and refugia placement on the insects abundance in rice cultivation; and (2) the treatment which has most potential in natural pest control based on the natural enemiy diversity. The refugia used were marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and long bean (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), while variations of the refugia placement were on the edges and in the middle of the rice planting. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicate plots. Observations of insects were carried out every 3 weeks in one planting season. The results showed that variations in the kind and refugia placement had a significant effect on insect abundance. The treatment of marigold refugia in the middle of rice planting has most potential in natural pest control because it has the highest natural enemy diversity index, so it can create a more stable agro-ecosystem.
Grammar in ELT and ELT Materials
Authors: Burton Graham
Published: May 2023

This book investigates the content of the grammar syllabuses typically employed in mainstream English Language Teaching. Using a mixed-methods approach, the author examines how the syllabuses used in coursebooks are actually constructed, how they evolved and how valid their contents are as a basis for teaching.
Recycling Potential in the European Union (EU) of Low Voltage Three-Phase Induction Motors Up to 75 kW of Power: Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Torrent Marcel
Published: May 2023

This article quantifies the recycling potential of the metallic materials that make up three-phase induction motors. The data on the use of electric motors by type and power determines that the most significant recycling potential lies in this low-voltage motor which powers up to 75 kW. The work aims to show the possibility of such recycling in the European Union (EU). The metals used to make the various parts of the induction motor and the main recycling methods that allow their reuse are listed. It evaluates which part of the motor can apply these recycling methods relatively easily (stator) and which part is more complex (rotor). A calculation process is used to exhaustively quantify the metals that incorporate different motors selected for other powers to determine the amounts of material that can be recycled and reused to manufacture new equipment. The recycling potential is quantifies by parts (stator and rotor) employing approximate equations obtained from the study and by materials (copper, aluminum, magnetic sheet, steel). The data calculated, the economic volume, the possibilities of energy-saving, and the environmental advantages of dedicating efforts and resources for collecting, recycling, and reusing the materials in three-phase induction motors for industrial applications show. The withdrawal of electric motors in industrial applications, due to causes related to the restructuring of production processes, manufacturing systems, breakdowns, or directly due to aging, generates considerable possibilities of reusing the metals used in their manufacture.