bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of Glass-Lonomer Cement and Giomer for the Management of Cervical Caries
Authors: Nahar Nurun , Hassan Tareq , Uddin Mohammed Kamal
Published: November 2021

Background: Giomer is a unique class of restorative material has been introduced as the true hybridization of Glass Ionomer (GI) and composite resin and has the distinguishing feature of a stable surface pre-reacted glass ionomer. Glass Ionomer Cements (GIC) are also unique restorative materials with many uses in clinical practice and provide for caries-protective fluoride releasing at the margins of restorations, as well as their ability to have the fluoride within their chemical matrix recharged by outside exposure to other fluoride-containing materials. The present study aim at clinically evaluate the comparison between the glass Ionomer cement and Giomer for the management of cervical caries.

Materials and methods: The study was a cross sectional comparative study which was carried out from 01 December 2018 to 31 November 2019 in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangladesh Dental College, Dhanmondi, Dhaka. Total number of cases was 80. The patients were divided into two groups, half of the patient (Group-1) was treated with Glass Ionomer cement and half of the patient (Group-2) was treated with Giomer restoration. The post-operative sensitivity discoloration, dislodgement of filling material and secondary caries formation were recorded. All the patients were assigned and the data were analyzed statistically by SPSS version 21. p-value < 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: The study reveals 60% of the study population was within 41 to 50 years of age group (Group-1) and 62.5% were 51 to 60 years (Group-2) 45% in (Group-1) and 10% in (Group-2) had history of post filling sensitivity, 12% in (Group-1) and 5% in (Group-2) had discoloration after restoration, 2.5% had history of dislodgement of the filling in (Group-1), no history of dislodgement of the filling in (Group-2), 2.5% had history of secondary caries formation in (Group-1) and no history of Secondary caries formation in (Group-2).

Conclusion: Patients were more approachable for Giomer restoration than Glass ionomer for the management of cervical caries over a period of 12 month.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (2); July 2021; Page 60-64
Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Factors in Adult Females of Chattogram
Authors: Ahmed Shaheda , Uddin Mohammed Jalal , Tasnim Nayeema
Published: November 2021

Background : Vitamin D is an essential nutrient and deficiency of it leads to devastating disorders. This study aimed to find out the associated factors with selected variables of low vitamin D among adult females of Chattogram.

Materials and methods : Cross-sectional observational study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2020 at a diagnostic complex of Chattogram. Participants were adult females of Chattogram. All participants gave oral informed consent and answered a questionnaire that included 16 questions covering demographic information, monthly income, educational status, occupation, body weight, duration of sun exposure, dress pattern (Using hijab or burkha, regular dress-up) drug and disease history. Blood samples were collected by cautious aseptic procedure. Serum vitamin D levels were measured by using immunoassay method. Adult females of Chattogram with no religious restrictions, n= 150,aged 31 to 70 years.

Results: Overall, 88% had low vitamin D levels with deficient 60.66% and insufficient 27.34%. Sufficient level of vitamin D was found only among 12%. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was much higher in females with house-wife status 73.33% (p value of 0.0001) wearing hijab 46.66% (p value of 0.001). It could be due to interference with UVB radiation into skin, short duration of sun exposure, use of sunblock cream or less supplementary intake.

Conclusion : Vitamin D deficiency is an emerging but neglected health issue in modern time, particularly more vulnerable are female population. Ironically, abundant sunlight of Bangladesh seems failed to protect the self-imposed concrete prisoner, classically known as home-makers, and practitioner of indoor life style that leads to avoidance of sun light. However, large sample size is mandatory to boost-up the findings of current study.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (2); July 2021; Page 74-78
Búnkeres del siglo XX: cicatrices patrimoniales
Authors: Atanasio Guisado Alberto , Moya Muñoz Jorge
Published: November 2021

Un patrimonio incómodo. Con estas escuetas palabras podríamos definir la dimensión patrimonial de los búnkeres construidos durante el siglo XX que, a día de hoy, perviven como recuerdo de un pasado bélico no tan lejano. Esta perturbación es compartida por muchas personas investigadoras que se han acercado previamente a la imposibilidad de alejar un hecho cruento de un objeto arquitectónico, definiéndolas como patrimonio temible o negativo. El motivo es que no hay olvido en la materialidad para un hecho reciente. Ante un búnker somos capaces de admirar su geometría, su composición arquitectónica, su inclusión en el paisaje, pero a su vez, somos incapaces de despojarlo de la funcionalidad originaria para la que fue creado. Esta discordancia la produce tanto su observación directa como la simple contemplación de una fotografía con un breve rótulo, ya que su trasfondo es el que subyace y el que en definitiva rememora, remueve, agita las heridas. Queda por tanto su temprano soporte jurídico muy alejado de la valoración social presente. Esta brecha, pese al amparo que sugiere su inocua definición en los diferentes planes de arquitectura (“arquitectura defensiva o militar”) sigue muy alejada del reconocimiento del que gozan los castillos, baluartes, torres, etc., permaneciendo como lo que hemos denominado cicatrices patrimoniales.
A paralisia cerebral e o uso materiais recicláveis para o estímulo do desenvolvimento motor de crianças: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Mattos Eduardo Henrique Monzatto de , Vigário Patrícia dos Santos
Published: November 2021

No Brasil, cerca de 2,4% das crianças com idades entre 0 e 14 anos possuem algum tipo de deficiência. A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) é uma deficiência física de caráter permanente com impactos em diversos órgãos e sistemas e, por isso, estratégias que possibilitem o pleno desenvolvimento de crianças com PC devem ser planejadas e executadas. Objetivo: Revisar as principais características da PC e abordar como a utilização de intervenções como jogos e brincadeiras utilizando materiais de baixo custo e fácil acesso pode ser útil para estimular o desenvolvimento motor de crianças com PC. Metodologia: Revisão narrativa da literatura com consulta às bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, livros e documentos de organizações, sem restrição quanto ao ano de publicação, em português e inglês. Resultados e discussão: As alterações no desenvolvimento motor de crianças com PC abrangem o movimento, equilíbrio, força e postura. As intervenções devem ocorrer o mais precocemente possíveis, em diferentes contextos, para que o crescimento e desenvolvimento seja facilitado, proporcionando melhor prognóstico. Dentre as possibilidades, a utilização de materiais de baixo custo, recicláveis e reutilizáveis é um uma estratégia que além dos benefícios motores traz mais ludicidade, prazer e dinamismo, favorecendo maior adesão às atividades. Conclusão: O uso de materiais de baixo custo e fácil acesso pode contribuir para a redução de déficits funcionais e desenvolvimento motor de crianças com PC. A construção de jogos e brincadeiras com esses materiais além deixar as intervenções mais atrativas pode ser aplicada em diferentes ambientes, incluindo o domiciliar e o escolar.
Comunicação no processo de liderar: sua importância para o “engagement” no ambiente de trabalho
Authors: Figueredo Rogério Carvalho de , Silva Leidiany Souza , Amorim Renata Cristina Correia da Silva , Silva Karla Camila Correia da , Almeida Daniel Ribeiro de
Published: November 2021

Introdução: O processo de trabalho passa por constantes mudanças relacionadas ao ambiente, a organização, a dinâmica e a percepção do trabalho pelo próprio profissional. Com isso, quando a comunicação não ocorre de forma assertiva, pode trazer diversos prejuízos nesse processo de mudança. Objetivo: Identificar a importância da comunicação no processo de liderança para o “engagement” no ambiente de trabalho e seus reflexos na produtividade profissional. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, exploratória, descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou artigos, dissertações e teses publicados entre 2016 e 2020. Os materiais foram extraídos do SciELO, Google Acadêmico, Biblioteca Virtual da Fundação Getúlio Vargas e repositórios institucionais. Discussão Teórica: Os estudos que compõem a discussão teórica foram organizados em categorias que discorrem sobre a importância da comunicação no processo de trabalho; as principais características do líder na atualidade e sua relação com o engagement; e a influência do engagement na atuação de líderes e liderados. Considerações Finais: A comunicação influencia de forma decisiva a performance dos líderes e seus colaboradores, estimula o engajamento da equipe além de fortalecer os elos entre membros de equipe, favorecendo a produtividade, o desenvolvimento individual e coletivo.
Evidências científicas sobre a suplementação de vitamina D em pacientes acometidos por COVID-19: uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa
Authors: Rocha Isaac Hidekishimada da Silva , Landim Liejy  Agnes dos Santos Raposo
Published: November 2021

O objetivo dessa revisão foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de vitamina D em pacientes acometidos por COVID-19. Na metodologia, foi realizado um levantamento por meio de busca eletrônica nos bancos de dados LILACS, PubMed e Cochrane, por artigos publicados em 2020 e 2021. Na pesquisa eletrônica inicial foi identificado 241 artigos na base PubMed, 68 artigos na Cochrane e 3 artigos na LILACS sobre o tema. Na primeira triagem, 187 estudos foram selecionados e 125 foram excluídos por não apresentarem as palavras “covid” e “vitamina D” no título e/ou resumo. Na segunda triagem, 177 artigos foram excluídos e 10 estudos foram selecionados para inclusão na revisão. Como resultado, 4 dos 10 incluídos envolveram pacientes com COVID-19 leve, enquanto 2 envolveram pacientes em estado grave. Em relação à idade, a maioria dos estudos envolvem pacientes com idade avançada e com comorbidades, como diabetes e hipertensão. Como conclusão, a suplementação de vitamina D é mais eficaz em pacientes com COVID-19 de leve a moderada, principalmente em pacientes que já faziam suplementação da vitamina antes de serem acometidos pela doença. Sobre os pacientes com COVID-19 grave, as evidências mostraram que altas doses podem gerar efeitos rápidos e satisfatórios no tempo de internação, porém o início tardio da suplementação pode ser um fator limitador.
Alimentos ricos em triptofano e seu efeito na liberação da serotonina e possíveis benefícios no transtorno de ansiedade
Authors: Sousa Júnior Dourival Tavares , Verde Thiago Ferreira Cândido Lima , Landim Liejy Agnes Santos Raposo
Published: November 2021

A serotonina, ou 5-hidroxitriptamina, é uma monoamina neurotransmissora no sistema nervoso central da maioria dos animais, incluindo seres humanos. Sua síntese depende do fornecimento do aminoácido essencial, L-triptofano, que não pode ser biossintetizado pelo ser humano e, portanto, deve ser obtido a partir de fontes dietéticas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir alimentos ricos em triptofano na liberação da serotonina e seus possíveis benefícios no transtorno de ansiedade. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados no Google Acadêmico, PubMed, LiLacs, Scielo e CAPES onde os critérios de inclusão foram artigos disponíveis na integra online em língua portuguesa e inglesa publicados entre os anos de 2011e 2021 para as pesquisas mais recentes, bem como outras pesquisas sobre o assunto de forma atemporal e os critérios de exclusão foram estudos que não estavam na integra e que não abordavam de forma clara o assunto requerido. Os alimentos ricos em triptofano ajudam na síntese e no controle da serotonina no organismo, sendo responsável por nos prover sensação de bem-estar. Suprimentos ricos nesse aminoácido incluem: banana, ovo, leite, chocolate amargo, amêndoas, mel, sementes e grãos. A 5-HT gerada a partir do triptofano, tem efeito em várias funções do Sistema Nervoso Central e em vários processos no organismo, nomeadamente na regulação do humor, do stress e da agressividade. Além disso, baixos níveis podem ocasionar psicopatologias como a ansiedade. Com o propósito de auxiliar, inserir alimentos ricos em triptofano pode melhorar sintomas físicos e mentais visto que, a serotonina tem um papel muito importante nesses processos.
Doença Hipertensiva Específica da Gestação (DHEG): análise da ocorrência entre os anos de 2019 e 2020
Authors: Araújo Késsia Loenne Pereira de , Leite Cristina Limeira , Marques Sâmia , Sousa Haigle Reckziegel de , Queiroz Patrícia dos Santos Silva , Dutra Maksandra Silva , Barbosa Marluce Sampaio Nobre
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A Doença Hipertensiva Específica da Gravidez (DHEG) é determinada como uma doença multissistêmica, que havendo o diagnóstico comprovativo de hipertensão arterial na gestação, os níveis pressóricos deverão ser iguais ou superiores a 140/90mmHg, podendo ser: pré-eclâmpsia, quando estes níveis aparecem após a 20ª semana, sendo uma síndrome que não possui cura, com exceção da interrupção da gravidez, tornando o caso mais grave quando evoluído a Síndrome de HELLP. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência da Doença Hipertensiva Específica da Gestação (DHEG) entre os anos de 2019 e 2020 no município de Porto Franco – MA. Metodologia: O estudo é descritivo, exploratório, documental, retrospectivo, com uma abordagem quantitativa dos dados. A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Porto Franco – Maranhão. Resultados e discussão: Mostrou-se o diagnóstico de DHEG identificado a partir da 20ª semana de gestação em 88% e 12% acima da 25ª semana. 88% apresentaram antecedentes familiares de hipertensão arterial, diabetes e cardiopatias, contra 12% que não, 77% das mulheres realizaram os exames e 66% destas mulheres receberam acompanhamento de médico, enfermeiro e agente comunitário de saúde. Os achados desta doença são para evitar possíveis sequelas para mãe e para o feto, sendo que a atuação do enfermeiro nas consultas de pré-natal inicial é importante para prevenção de possíveis complicações. Conclusões: Portanto, cabe-se afirmar que um pré-natal qualificado, humanizado e especializado é fundamental no controle dos casos de DHEG uma vez que quando realizado corretamente aumenta a taxa de adesão ao tratamento.
Dependência química induzida pelo uso de benzodiazepínicos na senescencia
Authors: Silva Adrielle Aquino da , Souza Gabriel Oliveira de
Published: November 2021

Devido aos efeitos sedativos e tranquilizante os idosos utilizam por tempo além do recomendado, ocasionando muita das vezes efeitos indesejados, como é o caso da dependência. Em torno disso, o objetivo deste trabalho por meio de revisão, foi levantar as causas da toxicologia e dependência, além do entendimento sobre o manejo da retirada do fármaco. Metodologia: Foram utilizadas as plataformas SCIELO, LILICS, MEDLINE/PUBMED e livro, onde passaram por critérios de exclusão e inclusão, resultando em 35 estudos incluídos. Resultado e Discussão: Os BZDs são medicamentos no geral seguros, porém se utilizados por curtos prazos, sendo os mais recomendados para idosos a utilização de BZDs com meia vida curta. A grande parte da toxicologia são cognitivos e psicomotores, além da dependência. Para o manejo da dependência são utilizados a redução gradual ou auxilio com outras classes medicamentosas. Considerações finais: O presente estudo mostra de forma objetiva e clara a toxicologia nos idosos, dependência e manejo da dependência, sendo umas das dificuldades para o manejo o aparecimento de sintomas que se parecem com o retorno das causas para o início da terapia medicamentosa.
STUDI LITERATUR HUBUNGAN UMUR IBU DAN PARITAS DENGAN KEJADIAN PERSALINAN PREMATUR
Authors: Naimah, Asworoningrum Y Insani Aulia Qisti,
Published: November 2021

Indonesia adalah negara pada urutan kelima dengan persalinan preterm tertinggi di dunia yaitu sebesar 675.700. Persalinan preterm dapat dipengaruhi oleh umur ibu dan paritas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur ibu dan paritas dengan kejadian persalinan prematur. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan jenis literature review yang digunakan adalah tradisional literature review. Artikel didapatkan dari 4 database yaitu Pubmed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, dan DOAJ. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian literatur: “Umur Ibu” , “Paritas” , “Persalinan Prematur” , “Maternal Age” , “Parity” , “Preterm Labor” , “Premature Birth”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 15 jurnal yang didapatkan, didapatkan hasil bahwa (92,3%) mengatakan ada hubungan antara umur ibu dan persalinan prematur dan (7,7%) mengatakan tidak ada hubungan antara umur ibu dan persalinan prematur, (85,7%) mengatakan ada hubungan antara paritas dengan persalinan prematur dan (14,3%) mengatakan tidak ada hubungan antara paritas dengan persalinan prematur. Terdapat hubungan antara umur ibu dan paritas dengan kejadian persalinan prematur sehingga diharapkan tenaga kesehatan mampu memberikan pendidikan kesehatan dan konseling perencanaan kehamilan, memberikan perawatan antenatal yang sesuai standar serta memberikan informasi dan akses kontrasepsi agar dapat mencegah terjadinya persalinan prematur.
Assessing bycatch risk from gillnet fisheries for three species of diving seabird in the UK
Authors: Cleasby IR , Wilson LJ , Crawford R , Owen E , Rouxel Y , Bolton M
Published: November 2021

Incidental mortality (bycatch) in fisheries represents a threat to marine vertebrates. Research has predominantly focussed on bycatch in longline fisheries, but bycatch from gillnet fisheries is of increasing concern. To address this concern, we combined comprehensive biologging data sets and multiple sources of fishing effort data to assess the spatial overlap of 3 diving seabird species during the breeding season (common guillemotUria aalge, razorbillAlca tordaand European shagPhalacrocorax aristotelis) with UK gillnet fisheries. Species distribution models based on birds’ diving behaviour identified areas of elevated bycatch risk where high levels of diving activity and fishing effort coincided. In addition, we identified times of day and water depths where diving activity, and hence bycatch risk, may be concentrated. Bycatch risk hotspots for all 3 species were identified along the north-east coast of England. Risk hotspots were also identified along the Pembrokeshire coast for both auk species and along the Cornish coast for shag. Lack of fishing effort data for smaller vessels made it difficult to assess seabird-fishery overlap in Scottish waters. Across species, diving activity was lower at night. For razorbill and guillemot, dive depth tended to increase at sunrise and decrease after sunset. For shag, dive depth showed no diel pattern but was associated with water depth. Our findings should assist in targeting spatio-temporal measures and designing deterrent devices to reduce bycatch. However, scarcity of data on the behaviour of gillnet fishers at comparable spatio-temporal resolution as seabird movement data remains a constraint to fully understanding seabird-fisheries interactions.
Sustainable traditional markets development in Bogor District
Authors: Mansyur Umar
Published: November 2021

Bogor District consists 40 sub-districts and 483 villages, with development policy in the development of Metropolitan Jabodetabekpunjur, which makes the potential to grow rapidly. The increase of GRDP value is indirectly affected by the condition of economic activity, including the existence of economic facilities and infrastructures and its sustainability. The objectives of this research are to identify market development location (environmental aspect), to identify market development feasibility (economic aspect), and to draw up the concept of distributed market development (social aspect). This research uses the methodology of agency and field surveys, observations and interviews using descriptive analysis technique, scoring system, descriptive statistics and strategic decision making. The results obtained from this research: there are 26 sub-district traditional markets and 47 village traditional markets by lacks of 450 markets, under the category of 12 most feasible markets, 16 feasible markets, and 12 unfeasible markets; the first optimization model is achieved by Kemang sub-district while the second position is achieved by Dramaga sub-district and the third position is achieved by Ciawi sub-district; and the development in 2018-2038 by the highest population in Gunungputri and the lowest population in Cariu, under total needs of 280 markets and still lacks of 202 markets.
Multifunctional Gold Nano-Cytosensor With Quick Capture, Electrochemical Detection, and Non-Invasive Release of Circulating Tumor Cells for Early Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhang Rui , You Qiannan , Cheng Mingming , Ge Mingfeng , Mei Qian , Yang Li , Dong Wen-Fei , Chang Zhimin
Published: November 2021

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are metastatic tumor cells that shed into the blood from solid primary tumors, and their existence significantly increases the risk of metastasis and recurrence. The timely discovery and detection of CTCs are of considerable importance for the early diagnosis and treatment of metastasis. However, the low number of CTCs hinders their detection. In the present study, an ultrasensitive electrochemical cytosensor for specific capture, quantitative detection, and noninvasive release of EpCAM-positive tumor cells was developed. The biosensor was manufactured using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to modify the electrode. Three types of AuNPs with controllable sizes and conjugated with a targeting molecule of monoclonal anti-EpCAM antibody were used in this study. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of the cytosensors were performed to evaluate the cell capture efficiency and performance. The captured 4T1 cells by the AuNPs hindered electron transport efficiency, resulting in increased EIS responses. The cell capture response recorded using EIS or DPV indicated that the optimal AuNPs size should be 17 nm. The cell capture response changed linearly with the concentration range from 8.0 × 10 to 1 × 107 cells/mL, and the limit of detection was 50 cells/mL. After these measurements, glycine-HCl (Gly-HCl) was used as an antibody eluent to destroy the binding between antigen and antibody to release the captured tumor cells without compromising their viability for further clinical research. This protocol realizes rapid detection of CTCs with good stability, acceptable assay precision, significant fabrication reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of 2.09%, and good recovery of cells. Our results indicate that the proposed biosensor is promising for the early monitoring of CTCs and may help customize personalized treatment options.
Effect of Non-Structural Components on the Dynamic Response of Steel-Framed Floors: Tests Before and After Component Installations
Authors: Royvaran Mohammad , Avci Onur , Davis Brad
Published: November 2021

The effect of partition walls and non-structural elements on the dynamic response of floors is still not well understood, and there is a need for vibration testing of floors at various stages of construction. The best way to shed some light on the effect of non-structural components is to test additional floors (preferably the same floor) before and after the installation of non-structural elements and compare the dynamic properties. For that purpose, the authors conducted vibration testing on a building floor under construction at various stages of fit-out to quantify the effects of various non-structural elements on the vibration response. An elevated floor of a steel-framed building in the Southeastern United States was tested: the first test was performed for the bare slab conditions with minimal non-structural elements, while the second test was conducted after the installation of non-structural components and in the presence of various construction materials spread over the test floor. The modal tests were conducted by applying measured dynamic forces using an electrodynamic shaker while accelerations were measured at critical locations on the slab. The measurements were post-processed to determine the frequency response functions, which provided general information on the dynamic response. The selection of the test points and excitation functions were primarily to extract maximum data regarding the performance of non-structural elements rather than as part of a standard vibration serviceability assessment of the floor structure. The modal tests were repeated after the installation of non-structural components, electrical and mechanical ductwork, to determine their effect on the vibration characteristics of the floor. The resulting frequency response functions were compared for each condition, and finite element models were created to represent each test condition. As a result, the installation of non-structural components was observed to influence the dynamic response of the floor. Combined with the other test data in the literature, the results of the experimental testing presented in this paper might lead to more effective modeling techniques and provide guidance as to their inclusion into analytical models.
Anti-Malignant Effect of Tensile Loading to Adherens Junctions in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Dobrokhotov Oleg , Sunagawa Masaki , Torii Takeru , Mii Shinji , Kawauchi Keiko , Enomoto Atsushi , Sokabe Masahiro , Hirata Hiroaki
Published: November 2021

Actomyosin contractility regulates various cellular processes including proliferation and differentiation while dysregulation of actomyosin activity contributes to cancer development and progression. Previously, we have reported that actomyosin-generated tension at adherens junctions is required for cell density-dependent inhibition of proliferation of normal skin keratinocytes. However, it remains unclear how actomyosin contractility affects the hyperproliferation ability of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) cells. In this study, we find that actomyosin activity is impaired in cSCC cells bothin vitroandin vivo. External application of tensile loads to adherens junctions by sustained mechanical stretch attenuates the proliferation of cSCC cells, which depends on intact adherens junctions. Forced activation of actomyosin of cSCC cells also inhibits their proliferation in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Furthermore, the cell cycle arrest induced by tensile loading to adherens junctions is accompanied by epidermal differentiation in cSCC cells. Our results show that the degree of malignant properties of cSCC cells can be reduced by applying tensile loads to adherens junctions, which implies that the mechanical status of adherens junctions may serve as a novel therapeutic target for cSCC.
Malaria Parasites Hijack Host Receptors From Exosomes to Capture Lipoproteins
Authors: Iso-o Naoyuki , Komatsuya Keisuke , Tokumasu Fuyuki , Isoo Noriko , Ishigaki Tomohiro , Yasui Hiroshi , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Hara Masumi , Kita Kiyoshi
Published: November 2021

Malaria parasites cannot multiply in host erythrocytes without cholesterol because they lack complete sterol biosynthesis systems. This suggests parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs) need to capture host sterols, but its mechanism remains unknown. Here we identified a novel high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-delivery pathway operating in blood-stage Plasmodium. In parasitized mouse plasma, exosomes positive for scavenger receptor CD36 and platelet-specific CD41 increased. These CDs were detected in pRBCs and internal parasites. A low molecular antagonist for scavenger receptors, BLT-1, blocked HDL uptake to pRBCs and suppressed Plasmodium growth in vitro. Furthermore, platelet-derived exosomes were internalized in pRBCs. Thus, we presume CD36 is delivered to malaria parasites from platelets by exosomes, which enables parasites to steal HDL for cholesterol supply. Cholesterol needs to cross three membranes (RBC, parasitophorous vacuole and parasite’s plasma membranes) to reach parasite, but our findings can explain the first step of sterol uptake by intracellular parasites.
Role of Septins in Endothelial Cells and Platelets
Authors: Neubauer Katharina , Zieger Barbara
Published: November 2021

Septins are conserved cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins identified in almost all eukaryotes except higher plants. Mammalian septins comprise 13 family members with either ubiquitous or organ- and tissue-specific expression patterns. They form filamentous oligomers and complexes with other proteins to serve as diffusions barrier and/or multi-molecular scaffolds to function in a physiologically regulated manner. Diverse septins are highly expressed in endothelial cells and platelets, which play an important role in hemostasis, a process to prevent blood loss after vascular injury. Endothelial septins are involved in cellular processes such as exocytosis and in processes concerning organismal level, like angiogenesis. Septins are additionally found in endothelial cell-cell junctions where their presence is required to maintain the integrity of the barrier function of vascular endothelial monolayers. In platelets, septins are important for activation, degranulation, adhesion, and aggregation. They have been identified as mediators of distinct platelet functions and being essential in primary and secondary hemostatic processes. Septin-knockout mouse studies show the relevance of septins in several aspects of hemostasis. This is in line with reports that dysregulation of septins is clinically relevant in human bleeding disorders. The precise function of septins in the biology of endothelial cells and platelets remains poorly understood. The following mini-review highlights the current knowledge about the role of septin cytoskeleton in regulating critical functions in these two cell types.
GLP-1 Induces the Expression of FNDC5 Derivatives That Execute Lipolytic Actions
Authors: Li Hui , Donelan William , Wang Fang , Zhang Peilan , Yang Lijun , Ding Yousong , Tang Dongqi , Li Shiwu
Published: November 2021

Multiple GLP-1-derived therapeutics are clinically used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, the underlying mechanism of how these drugs regulate the body weight of obese patients remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that the lipolysis effects of GLP-1 on β cells can depend on its induced expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5). The transmembrane FNDC5 is a precursor of the recently identified hormone irisin that possesses a range of bioactivities, including anti-obesity and anti-diabetes. We revealed that GLP-1 upregulates the expression and secretion of FNDC5 in β cells, while GLP-1 itself fails to activate the lipolysis genes in FNDC5-knockout β cells. In addition, liraglutide, a clinically used GLP-1 receptor agonist, induced the expression of FNDC5 in mouse pancreas and brain tissues and increased the serum level of secreted FNDC5. Furthermore, we observed the expression of the well-known membrane-associated FNDC5 and a novel, secretable FNDC5 (sFNDC5) isoform in β cells and multiple rat tissues. Recombinant sFNDC5 stimulated lipolysis of wild type and FNDC5-knockout β cells. This new isoform further induced lipolysis and browning of adipocytes, and similar to irisin, executed potent anti-obesity activities in an obese mouse model. Overall, our studies provided new mechanistic insights into GLP-1’s anti-obesity actions in which GLP-1 induces the secretion of FNDC5 derivatives from its responsive organs that then mediate its anti-obesity activities.
Raman Spectrum of Follicular Fluid: A Potential Biomarker for Oocyte Developmental Competence in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Huang Xin , Hong Ling , Wu Yuanyuan , Chen Miaoxin , Kong Pengcheng , Ruan Jingling , Teng Xiaoming , Wei Zhiyun
Published: November 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in reproductive women where abnormal folliculogenesis is considered as a common characteristic. Our aim is to evaluate the potential of follicular fluid (FF) Raman spectra to predict embryo development and pregnancy outcome, so as to prioritize the best promising embryo for implantation, reducing both physiological and economical burdens of PCOS patients. In addition, the altered metabolic profiles will be identified to explore the aetiology and pathobiology of PCOS. In this study, follicular fluid samples obtained from 150 PCOS and 150 non-PCOS women were measured with Raman spectroscopy. Individual Raman spectrum was analyzed to find biologic components contributing to the occurrence of PCOS. More importantly, the Raman spectra of follicular fluid from the 150 PCOS patients were analyzed via machine-learning algorithms to evaluate their predictive value for oocyte development potential and clinical pregnancy. Mean-centered Raman spectra and principal component analysis (PCA) showed global differences in the footprints of follicular fluid between PCOS and non-PCOS women. Two Raman zones (993–1,165 cm−1 and 1,439–1,678 cm−1) were identified for describing the largest variances between the two groups, with the former higher and the latter lower in PCOS FF. The tentative assignments of corresponding Raman bands included phenylalanine and β -carotene. Moreover, it was found that FF, in which oocytes would develop into high-quality blastocysts and obtain high clinical pregnancy rate, were detected with lower quantification of the integration at 993–1,165 cm−1 and higher quantification of the integration at 1,439–1,678 cm−1 in PCOS. In addition, based on Raman spectra of PCOS FF, the machine-learning algorithms via the fully connected artificial neural network (ANN) achieved the overall accuracies of 90 and 74% in correctly assigning oocyte developmental potential and clinical pregnancy, respectively. The study suggests that the PCOS displays unique metabolic profiles in follicular fluid which could be detected by Raman spectroscopy. Specific bands in Raman spectra have the biomarker potential to predict the embryo development and pregnancy outcome for PCOS patients. Importantly, these data may provide some valuable biochemical information and metabolic signatures that will help us to understand the abnormal follicular development in PCOS.
N2O–Assisted Siphon Foaming of Modified Galactoglucomannans With Cellulose Nanofibers
Authors: Nypelö Tiina , Fredriksson Jessica , Arumughan Vishnu , Larsson Emanuel , Hall Stephen A. , Larsson Anette
Published: November 2021

Foaming of most bio-based polymers is challenged by low pore formation and foam stability. At the same time, the developing utilization of bio-based materials for the circular economy is placing new demands for easily processable, low-density materials from renewable raw materials. In this work, we investigate cellulose nanofiber (CNF) foams in which foaming is facilitated with wood-based hemicelluloses, galactoglucomannans (GGMs). Interfacial activity of the GGM is modulatedviamodification of the molecule’s amphiphilicity, where the surface tension is decreased from approximately 70 to 30 mN m−1for unmodified and modified GGM, respectively. The chemical modification of GGMs by substitution with butyl glycidyl ether increased the molecule’s hydrophobicity and interaction with the nanocellulose component. The highest specific foam volume using 1 wt% CNF was achieved when modified GGM was added (3.1 ml g−1), compared to unmodified GGM with CNF (2.1 ml g−1). An amount of 96 and 98% of the GGM and GGM-BGE foams were lost after 15 min of foaming while the GGM and GGM-BGE with cellulose nanofibers lost only 33 and 28% of the foam respectively. In the case of GGM-BGE, the foam stability increased with increasing nanofiber concentration. This suggests that the altered hydrophobicity facilitated increased foam formation when the additive was incorporated in the CNF suspension and foamed with nitrous oxide (N2O). Thus, the hydrophobic character of the modified GGM was a necessity for foam formation and stability while the CNFs were needed for generating a self-standing foam structure.
Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Isolates With Variable Number of Repeats in the von Willebrand Factor-Binding Protein Gene
Authors: Lin Lee-Chung , Cheng Chun-Wen , Chang Shih-Cheng , Lu Jang-Jih
Published: November 2021

The von Willebrand factor binding protein in Staphylococcus lugdunensis (vWbl) comprises four major regions: the signal peptide (S), the non-repetitive (A) region, the repeat (R) region, and the wall-associated (W) region. Previous studies have demonstrated that the R region contains 10 copies of repeating sequences; however, we reveal that the copy number of repeats in the vWbl gene varies among different S. lugdunensis isolates. In this study, an epidemiological surveillance was conducted to determine whether the copy number of repeats in vWbl in different isolates of S. lugdunensis correlates with their infectivity. The number of repeats was estimated in a total of 212 isolates, consisting of 162 isolates of oxacillin-sensitive S. lugdunensis (OSSL) and 50 isolates of oxacillin-resistant S. lugdunensis (ORSL). Our data showed that 72.5% (116/162) of OSSL isolates contained 9 (25, 15.4%), 12 (43, 26.5%), or 13 (48, 29.6%) repeats, and 90% (45/50) of ORSL isolates had 9 (32, 64%) or 13 (13, 26%) repeats. In addition, 89.6% (26 of 29) of the sequence type (ST)27 strain had 12 repeats, and 86.8% (13 of 15) of the ST4 strain had 14 repeats. Twenty-seven of the 28 isolates with nine repeats were of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) V or Vt type and belonged to ST3, and all isolates with 13 repeats were of SCCmec II type and belonged to ST6. All isolates with nine repeats had a stop codon at the 18th codon of the third repeat, suggesting that these isolates coded for nonfunctional vWbl. Further, western blot analysis confirmed that all strains translated vWbl, and only vWbl proteins coded by genes with nine repeats were exported outside the cell. These results suggest that number of vWbl repeats in S. lugdunensis have clonal specificities and may correlate with potential pathogenicity.
Beyond Personalist Virtue Ethics: Transcendental Anthropology and its Implications for Interpersonal Communication
Authors: Akrivou Kleio , Fernández González Manuel Joaquín
Published: November 2021

There is a need of deeper understanding of what human beings are for facing adequately global challenges. The aim of this article is to point to the possible contributions that transcendental anthropology would represent for complementing and expanding the valuable, but still incomplete solutions put forward by personalist virtue ethics to face these challenges. In particular, the question of the moral motivation and the complex relations between virtue and freedom are addressed, taking as a starting point the understanding of the uniqueness of the personal act-of-being and the transcendentality of human freedom, which is in dialogue with human nature and society, but ultimately not subdued to none of them. Some implications of the transcendental anthropology in the field of interpersonal communication ethics are put forward.
Resisting “the World of the Powerful”: “Wild” Steam and the Creation of Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Graham Chelsea
Published: November 2021

In this essay, I argue that steam operates as a critical, other-than-human actor in the establishment of Yellowstone National Park and a broader, colonial posture towards the natural world that reflects a sharp division between nature and culture on the settler landscape—reiterating what Marisol de la Cadena and Mario Blaser call “the world of the powerful,” and a “world where only one world fits” (2018, pp 2-3). By appearing in contradictory contexts of powerful engines and pristine nature, steam was bifurcated into natural and cultural registers in order to justify the establishment of the natural park and the colonists’ claim to Yellowstone as “property,” foreclosing alternative relationships to the land such as those of the region’s Indigenous residents. Approaching this research from the perspective of a settler on Indigenous lands, I am invested in engaging new materialist and ecological methodologies in the important work of decolonial critique. Adopting Nathan Stormer’s (2016) “new materialist genealogy” and Nathaniel Rivers’ (2015) treatment of wildness in service of a decolonial agenda, I demonstrate how steam’s inherent repulsion to nature/culture dichotomies contests the very idea of the park itself, Yellowstone’s importance to the settler state’s expansion into the west, and its popular understanding as an exemplar of environmental politics. Further, this essay provides a methodological and theoretical intervention for new materialist and ecological scholarship to support decolonial projects in solidarity with Indigenous resistance. By unraveling dominant discourses that persist in collective identification with Yellowstone, the borders of the park that denote iconicity and exemplarity, unspoiled nature from capitalist development, become brittle, fragile, and so, too, does their dominance in discourses about environmentalism. By disrupting Yellowstone and undermining its dominance, we can demonstrate, unequivocally, that another world—indeed worlds—are possible.
The Arts of Coexistence: A View From Anthropology
Authors: Schroer Sara Asu
Published: November 2021

In this perspectives essay, I propose some ways in which current thinking in anthropology might inform the emergent cross-disciplinary field of coexistence studies1. I do so following recent calls from within the conservation science community (including this special issue), acknowledging that understanding human-wildlife coexistence in the fractured landscapes of the Anthropocene2requires being open to alternative approaches beyond conventional frameworks of conservation science and management (see for instance; Carter and Linnell,2016; Pooley,2016; Chapron and López-Bao,2019; Pooley et al.,2020). The essay suggests that relational (non-dualist) ways of thinking3in anthropology, often building on Indigenous philosophy and expertise, may help ground coexistence studies beyond Euro-Western modernist conceptual frameworks—frameworks that perpetuate exploitative and colonial logics that many scholars from across academia view as being at the heart of our current ecological crisis (e.g., Lestel,2013; van Dooren,2014; Tsing,2015; Todd,2016; Bluwstein et al.,2021; Schroer et al.,2021). By proposing “relations” rather than objectified “Nature” or “wildlife” as the more adequate subject of understanding and facilitating coexistence in shared landscapes, I understand coexistence and its study first and foremost as anethicalandpoliticalendeavor. Rather than offering any conclusive ideas, the essay's intention is to contribute some questions and thoughts to the developing conversations of coexistence studies scholars and practitioners. It does so by inviting conservation scientists to collaborate with anthropologists and take on board some of the current thinking in the discipline. Amongst other things, I suggest that this will help overcome a somewhat dated notion of cultural relativism—understood as many particular, cultural views on one true objective Nature (only known by Science), a perspective that explicitly and implicitly seems to inform some conservation science approaches to issues of culture or the “human dimensions” of conservation issues. Ultimately, the paper seeks to make a conceptual contribution by imagining coexistence as a dynamic bundle of relations in which the biological, ecological, historical, cultural, and social dimensions cannot be thought apart and have to be studied together.
Stable Isotopes for Tracing Cardiac Metabolism in Diseases
Authors: Karlstaedt Anja
Published: November 2021

Although metabolic remodeling during cardiovascular diseases has been well-recognized for decades, the recent development of analytical platforms and mathematical tools has driven the emergence of assessing cardiac metabolism using tracers. Metabolism is a critical component of cellular functions and adaptation to stress. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease involves metabolic adaptation to maintain cardiac contractile function even in advanced disease stages. Stable-isotope tracer measurements are a powerful tool for measuring flux distributions at the whole organism level and assessing metabolic changes at a systems level in vivo. The goal of this review is to summarize techniques and concepts for in vivo or ex vivo stable isotope labeling in cardiovascular research, to highlight mathematical concepts and their limitations, to describe analytical methods at the tissue and single-cell level, and to discuss opportunities to leverage metabolic models to address important mechanistic questions relevant to all patients with cardiovascular disease.
Statistical Relationship Between the Decrease of Major Seismicity and Drought in Southern California Since 1900
Authors: Bragato Pier Luigi
Published: November 2021

The seismicity in Southern California significantly decreased over the last decades. The decrease went in parallel with the reduction of meteoric groundwater recharge, which is a well-known factor capable of affecting seismicity. In this work the existence of a systematic statistical relationship was investigated by comparing the time density of Mw ≥ 5.7 earthquakes since 1900 with the time series of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), an indicator of soil moisture roughly correlated with groundwater recharge. Given the non-stationarity of the two signals, the formal comparison was performed using both binomial logistic regression and cointegration testing. The analysis showed a significant statistical relationship, with peaks of seismicity 8 years behind those of PDSI. This finding suggests the hypothesis that groundwater recharge might affect earthquakes at a multi-year time scale. Proving this theory requires accurate measures and hydrogeological modeling, which is behind the scope of this work. Nonetheless, according to previous studies, the observed time lag might be explained by the slow propagation of pore pressure from the surface to the seismogenic volume. The ongoing trend towards an arid climate, made more evident by the recent severe droughts, might have contributed to the earthquake reduction of the last decades. The connection is particularly evident in the Salton Trough, with possible implications for the interpretation of its paleoseismicity.