bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rise of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Early Detection and New Treatment Options
Authors: Mumtaz Sami Ullah
Published: February 2025

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a hereditary disorder that results in the formation of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. Cysts can cause damage or worse renal failure over time. Although PKD has no cure, recent developments have helped in early detection and provided additional therapies that can control the condition and improve the quality of life of the affected. Early detection is essential to slow its progression and maintain renal function. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern so the children of the afflicted parents have a 50% chance of developing this condition. The symptoms include kidney infections, flank pain, high blood pressure, and frequent urination, they don’t show up until later in life. Cyst formation may start sooner in childhood, and the condition may advance more quickly in certain instances. PKD can be confirmed by performing genetic testing in families with a history of the condition. Imaging methods such as MRI and ultrasound are essential in early diagnosis. Ultrasonography can be used to visualize the cyst. If this condition is diagnosed early medical professionals can treat the patient and control the symptoms while delaying kidney impairment. Some medications can delay its progression, but currently, no cure is there. There is a drug called Tolvaptan which inhibits the growth of kidney cysts and aids in maintaining renal function, is considered one of the noteworthy achievements. It has shown promising results in delaying the need for dialysis or kidney transplants by inhibiting the hormone vasopressin, a hormone responsible for the formation of cysts. Hypertension can worsen renal damage so drugs such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are prescribed to maintain blood pressure levels.
Stem cell researchers are working on the repairing and renewal of damaged kidney tissue. Research on this subject has just started but the potential of this research can be foreseen in producing novel medicines that could revolutionize PKD care shortly. Life style plays an important role in controlling PKD, kidney strain can be reduced by maintaining a healthy life style, eating a diet that is low in proteins, and avoiding smoking.
Frequent exercise can improve health and blood pressure. PKD is a health concern that affects people significantly but early detection and new treatments like tolyaptan and ongoing research are the hope for patients.
Although no cure is available advancements in managing the disease can improve the quality of life and delay renal failure. With early intervention and the right treatment approach, PKD patients can lead healthier and more fulfilling lives.
On the Study of the Relationship between the Phonemic Content and the Emotional Valence of Written Language
Authors: Slavova Velina , Andonov Filip
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the relationship between the sublexical content of texts in English and the emotional valence they evoke. The statistical analysis of emotionally annotated sentences revealed a strong correlation between this sublexical presentation and the evaluations of valence provided by the readers. The weights of the sublexical units representing the emotional valence, obtained from the corpus, were applied on data outside of it, proving the validity of the finding.
A System for Retrieval, Storage, and Phonemic Representation of Internet News for Studying the Relationship Between the Phonemic Content and the Emotional Valence of Written Sources
Authors: Stefanov Rosen , Konstantinov Martin , Slavova Velina
Published: February 2025

The computer system presented here was developed in order to collect data allowing testing statistically the hypothesis that the sublexical level of language carries information about the emotional valence (positive - negative emotion) expressed in a text. The system collects data from authoritative news sources, stores them, represents them at the sublexical level as meaning-unloaded word parts, and analyzes them in order to investigate the relationship between phonetic content and emotional valence of written sources. Given the linguistic dependency of the study, based on dependencies derived from the analysis of an emotionally rated corpus of English, the test news items that the presented system accumulates are from native English speaking authors
Emotional Valence is Encoded by the Phonemic Content – Sound-Symbolic Experiment
Authors: Slavova Velina , Dimitrov Ventsislav
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an experiment on emotional sound symbolism and reports the initial results. The study aims to determine whether listeners associate certain types of sequences of phonemes with positive or negative emotional tones. Participants are presented with visual and auditory stimuli to match them. Both types of stimuli are pre-categorized as positive or negative. The visual stimuli were realistic photographs. Auditory stimuli were nonsense sequences of phonemes presented within a game-like scenario, in which they are machine-pronounced without intonation and presented as being words in an unfamiliar language. These pseudo-words are phonemic sequences, generated as positive, negative, and neutral based on correlation coefficients between vowel-consonant pairs and emotional valence obtained in a previous study. Subjects matched the different types of sound sequences to photographs differently depending on the emotional tone embedded in the visual stimuli. This indicates that they perceive "emotional" differences in the sound sequences.
Assessing the Role of Local Institutions in Flood Resilience among Rural Communities in Northern Ghana
Authors: Takal Silas Uwumborge , Owusu-Sekyere Ebenezer , Boadu Kwame Ochire , Tahiru Abdul-Wahab
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the roles of local institutions in shaping flood adaptation strategies among rural communities in Saboba District, Northern Ghana. Using interviews and focus groups, the research identifies four key adaptation practices: Off-season farming, Burning Charcoal, processing of shea nuts, and Cattle rearing. Both formal institutions, such as the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, and informal ones, including chieftaincy and family units, were found to be integral in providing resources, governance, and conflict mediation related to these practices. The findings reveal that while institutions facilitate access to adaptation resources, they also introduce barriers. Factors such as favoritism, limited resource distribution, and exclusion of vulnerable groups, particularly women and widows, hinder equitable adaptation outcomes. Local institutions enable community-led responses to climate hazards by coordinating external support and guiding decision-making; however, they also perpetuate social hierarchies that can limit adaptive capacity. The study suggests that fostering collaboration between formal and informal institutions, improving resource allocation transparency, and ensuring gender inclusion in decision-making could enhance community resilience. This research contributes to understanding how institutional dynamics influence adaptation practices, highlighting the need for adaptable, inclusive frameworks that support effective flood resilience in vulnerable rural communities.
Aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and fumonisin B1 detoxification from poultry feeds by corona discharge application
Authors: Alnaemi Hiba , Dawood Tamara , Algwari Qais
Published: February 2025

Objective: The efficiency of corona discharge (CD) for detoxification of aflatoxin B1 (AB1), ochra¬toxin A (OA), and fumonisin B1 (FMB1) from poultry feeds with its influences on feed components was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Feed samples were exposed to CD for six durations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min) at three distances (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 cm). Mycotoxin levels were estimated by compet¬itive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and findings were substantiated by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results: AB1, OA, and FMB1 degradation percentages increased significantly (p < 0.05) with pro¬cessing times increment and distances reduction to reach values of 83.22%, 84.21%, and 84.76% at the first distance; 80.28%, 84.00%, and 84.12% at the second distance; and 68.30%, 71.74%, and 76.18% at the third distance, respectively, after 60 min of treatment. FMB1 reported the highest degradation level. Concerning CD impacts on feed composition, protein, fat, and moisture contents decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Carbohydrates and ash were not affected adversely. Depending on peroxide values estimation, fats were of good quality.
Conclusion: The CD effectiveness for AB1, OA, and FMB1 detox from poultry feeds with moderate impact on the quality of feed.
Occurrence, treatment and pathogens involved in mastitis on a commercial German dairy farm: A retrospective study from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Kabelitz Tina , Kashongwe Olivier , Doherr Marcus , bel Ulrich , Ammon Christian , a Pablo , Keane Orla , Amon Thomas , Amon Barbara
Published: February 2025

Objective: Mastitis is the most common and costly dairy cow disease worldwide. We performed an intensive analysis of mastitis prevalence, pathogens, and treatments using retrospective data from a commercial dairy farm in Germany to estimate the severity of mastitis in the commercial production system and to give on-farm insights.
Material and Methods: Milking system data and cow-individual data were collected over 9 years (2012-2021). A resilient amount of data from 1537 cows, >1,000 mastitis infections, 1901 patho¬gens, and 5729 treatments have been analyzed.
Results: Mastitis occurrence was highest in summer (45.0%), in first lactation (51.1%), and in the late lactation stage (36.7%). The relative mastitis frequency increased sharply with a high lacta¬tion number (>7). The leading pathogens causing mastitis were coagulase-negative staphylococci (28.3%). Approximately 25% of mastitis cases were treated with non-antibiotic medicine and 75% with antibiotics. For the latter, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides were the most administered. The average mastitis treatment duration was 3.48 days. During the study time, the farm changed from a conventional milking system to an automatic milking system in 2015, which has not nega¬tively affected the number of recorded mastitis infections.
Conclusion: This case report gives detailed insights about mastitis incidences gained under practical conditions. Novel information about mastitis drug usage and duration is presented. Potential mastitis risk factors identified from the results of this study were the summer season, first or >7 lactation(s), and the late lactation stage.
Effects of edible bird’s nest and EDTA on cadmium toxicity exposed rats’ embryo production, quality, and pre- and post-embryo transfer pregnancy rates
Authors: Mohammed Anmar , Yimer Nurhusien , Jesse Faez , Jaafar Wan , Husna Ainu
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the prophylactic potential of EBN compared to EDTA in mitigating Cd's toxic effects on pregnancy rates and embryonic development in rats.
Materials and Methods: Ninety-eight female rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided into donor and recipient groups, with donors further divided into seven subgroups, including negative control, Cd-exposed, EBN-treated, and EDTA-treated groups. Embryos from donors were transferred to recipient rats, with EBN and Cd administered for 4 weeks and EDTA given only in the last 5 days for the donor group.
Results: Results showed significant differences in pregnancy rates and blastocyst quality. EBN at 120 mg/kg BW led to higher blastocyst production and better quality compared to Cd-exposed groups. The highest pregnancy rates in recipient groups correlated with the highest blastocyst scores from donors.
Conclusion: EBN at 120 mg/kg demonstrated significant protection against Cd toxicity and its effect on pregnancy rates, embryo production, quality, and pre- and post-embryo transfer, sur¬passing the effects of both 90 mg/kg EBN and EDTA. This study provides empirical evidence in support of the conventional belief in the positive impact of EBN on female reproduction.
New record of parasitic protozoan and helminths in buffaloes from Paraguay
Authors: Ocampos Griselda , Riquelme Jorge
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, abundance, and identification of genera of gastrointestinal parasites in buffaloes belonging to an establishment in Villa Oliva, Ñeembucú Department, Paraguay.
Materials and Methods: A total of 117 buffaloes were included in the study and divided into three groups of 39 (n = 39) animals—Group 1: = <12 months (G1); Group 2: = <36 months (G2); and Group 3: >37 months (G3). All samples were tested using the saturated salt flotation. Eggs and oocyte counts were determined using McMaster’s method. Recuperation of larvae 3 was carried out after coproculture using the Baerman technique. Identification was based on morphological identification keys.
Results: The presence of eggs and/or oocysts of parasites belonging to Cestoda, Protozoa, and Nematoda was noted. The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) was 36.75%. The highest abundance was observed in G1. After coproculture Moniezia expanza, Eimeria spp., and Haemonchus spp.; Teladorsagia spp./Ostertagia spp. were also identified. It is also observed that the incidence of nematode parasite infestation in female buffalo is high compared to males; however, in terms of microparasites, it is the opposite. According to our results, as buffalo age increased, parasite loads decreased considerably.
Conclusion: Those results may link factors between hosts and the environment with the ability to maintain gastrointestinal infestation at levels that do not compromise health and body conditions. This study presented results of the prevalence, abundance, and identification of GINs from buffalos of Paraguay for the first time.
Use of a plant-based flavonoid blend in diet for growth, nutrient digestibility, gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and meat quality in broilers
Authors: Akter Shathi , Rahman Md , Mamun Mohammad , Siddique Mahbubul , Hashem Md , Chowdhury Rakhi
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the optimal doses of a flavonoid blend (FB) for enhancing cost-efficient production, digestibility, gut-beneficial microbiota, serum metabolites, and meat quality in broilers.
Materials and Methods: For 35 days, 280-day-old chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly allocated to four groups, each containing 70 birds, with 5 replicates. Birds were given FB (gm/kg) at the levels of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 in a basal diet (corn-soya-based) and designated as the control, 0.2 FB, 0.4 FB, and 0.6 FB groups, respectively. At 35 days, 15 birds from each group were slaughtered to analyze cecum microbiota, serum profiles, meat, and bone quality.
Results: Compared with the control, birds given FB linearly showed better feed intake and overall performance, with the optimum results observed in 0.6 FB. Birds fed FB resulted in linear, quadratic, and cubic improvements in digestibility, with the 0.6 FB group presenting 12% more (p < 0.01) crude protein digestibility than the control. Birds offered either 0.4 FB or 0.6 FB increased (p < 0.01) the population of beneficial bacteria while reducing (p < 0.01) pathogenic bacteria in the cecum compared to the control. Birds fed 0.6 FB showed substantial improvements in beneficial serum metabolites and liver health, along with reduced bad cholesterol compared with the control. Although FB was unaffected (p > 0.05) by dressed yield, meat composition, lightness, or bone characteristics, the 0.6 FB group showed substantially (p < 0.01) more meat redness and bone ash percentage in broilers than in the control.
Conclusions: Supplementing 0.6 gm FB/kg of diet improved growth performance, enhanced digestibility, increased beneficial gut microbiota and serum metabolites, and ameliorated meat quality in broilers.
Feasibility of using nitrogen distribution of milk to identify adulterated and reconstituted market milk
Authors: Khandakar Md , Sarker Md , Habib Md , Bari Md , Jahan Rawnak , Islam Md , Sarkerp Md , Abunaser Md , Islam Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aimed to explore the viability of nitrogen distribution in milk to detect adulteration in market milk.
Materials and Methods: Raw cow milk was obtained from the dairy farm at Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm (BAUDF). Fluid market milk, nonbranded bulk powdered milk, and local brand powdered milk were bought from the Mymensingh city area. The milk samples were T1 (milk from a known source—BAUDF, control group), T2 (reconstituted nonbranded bulk powdered milk), T3 (reconstituted local brand powdered milk), T4 (fluid market milk from Goala), T5 (mixture of 75% T1 and 25% T2), and T6 (mixture of 50% T1 and 50% T2). There were four replications in each variable, and the samples were tested for their physicochemical properties (specific gravity and acidity), gross composition (total solids, ash, milk fat, lactose, and total protein), and nitrogen distribution [casein nitrogen, noncasein nitrogen (NCN), and nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)].
Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) among the milk samples about their physicochemical properties and gross composition. The T2 and T6 samples imparted lower protein content (p < 0.05). Much lower (p < 0.05) casein content was found in T2 and T6 than in T1. The NCN content among the samples also differed significantly (p < 0.05). All groups
showed similar NPN values (p > 0.05) but the T1 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results from this study show the potential of the nitrogen distribution of milk to detect adulterated and reconstituted market milk; however, a hefty dataset is required before being adopted at the field level.
Isolation and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli from caprine respiratory tract infections: A hospital-based clinical study
Authors: Barua Shanta , Sayeed Md , Rahman Md , Hassan Mohammad , Chowdhury Mohammed , Rana Eaftekhar
Published: February 2025

Objective: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are the most common opportunistic patho¬gens frequently associated with respiratory tract infection (RTI) in different animals. This cross-sec¬tional study aimed to identify the occurrence of S. aureus and E. coli in goats with RTI, analyze the antimicrobial resistance patterns, and explore potential risk factors contributing to RTI.
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 nasal swab samples were collected from goats, and stan¬dard classical bacteriological methods were performed to isolate and identify S. aureus and E. coli. Subsequently, the disc diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antimicrobial sensitivity test. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with RTI.
Results: About 13.3% (N = 16; N = 120) isolates were confirmed as S. aureus, and 6.67% (N = 8; N = 120) isolates were confirmed as E. coli. All S. aureus isolates were resistant to ampicillin, and all E. coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and penicillin. Among the isolated organisms, 43.7% (N = 7; N = 16) S. aureus and 62.5% (N = 5; N = 8) E. coli isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant (resistant to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that female goats [(odds ratio) OR: 4.2; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.8–20.8; p = 0.074] and goats in poor health condition (OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 0.7–19.3; p = 0.100) were more prone to RTI caused by S. aureus. Besides, goats that were not dewormed (OR: 4.8; 95% CI: 1–23.6; p = 0.051) and those reared in semi-intensive conditions (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 0.8–8.7; p = 0.092) were found to be at higher risk of S. aureus-mediated RTI.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of implementing improved farm management practices and efficient antimicrobial resistance control approaches to minimize respiratory infections and reduce the burden of antibiotic resistance in goats.
The salutary action of vitamin E on reproductive performance and renal functions in cadmium-exposed male mice
Authors: Alam Mahabub , Mustari Afrina , Rashid Samia , Shimu Shaima , Akter Tazmin , Akter Airin , Miah Mohammad , Chowdhury Emdadul
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The research is based on the assessment of the beneficial role of vitamin E (vit-E) supplementation on the reproductive and renal functions in Cadmium (Cd)-exposed male mice.
Materials and Method: Mice (n = 15 in each group) were kept untreated (Group A) or fed with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (3.5 mg/kg, Group B) per day or both CdCl2 (3.5 mg/kg) with vit-E supplementation (200 mg/kg, Group C) daily for 60 days. Mice were euthanized, blood samples were collected, and serum was prepared for biochemical and hormonal analysis. Sperm motility, sperm concentration, testis weight, and diameter were taken. Tissues from the kidneys and testicles were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histotexture study.
Results: Cd treatment reduced the serum thyroxine (T4) and testosterone levels, but vit-E supplementation increased both T4 and testosterone levels in the Cd-treated mice. Cd treatment decreased sperm motility and concentration, testicular weight, and diameter, and induced degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules, which significantly improved upon vit-E supplementation. Increased serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine concentrations, along with cellular infiltration in the renal tubular epithelium and glomerular hyperplasia, were found in the Cd-treated mice, which were not found in the vit-E-supplemented mice.
Conclusion: The study points to the harmful consequences of Cd on reproductive performance and renal functions that could potentially be mitigated upon vit-E supplementation in the diet.
Antibiotic resistance and virulence profile of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from wild Sumatran Orangutans (Pongo abelii)
Authors: Afiff Usamah , Hidayat Rahmat , Indrawati Agustin , Sunartatie Titiek , Hardiati Aprilia , Rotinsulu Dordia , Arifiantini Raden , Naoremisa Deandarla , ah Nurhashunatil , Safika Safika
Published: February 2025

Objective: Orangutans (Pongo abelii), as endemic primates of Indonesia, are characterized by a predominantly arboreal lifestyle. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia) and other Gram-negative bacteria are present in the Indigenous flora of many mammals, including orangutans. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance and virulence profile of K. pneumonia isolated from wild Sumatran orangutans.
Materials and Methods: This study investigated 10 fecal samples from wild Sumatran orangutans from the Gunung Leuser National Park, Aceh, Indonesia. Biochemical and molecular identification of K. pneumoniae using the RNA polymerase subunit b gene and detection of virulence-associated genes. In addition, molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes was performed to character¬ize the resistance mechanisms in the isolates.
Results: K. pneumonia was detected in 6 out of 10 fecal samples from wild Sumatran orangutans. The virulence genes mrkD and entB were detected in all (100%) of the isolates, whereas wabG was identified in 83.33% of the strains. Antibiotic susceptibility testing against K. pneumoniae revealed that three isolates were susceptible to streptomycin (S) and nalidixic acid (NA), while all six isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. One isolate demonstrated intermediate resistance to NA, while the remaining two exhibited intermediate resistance to S. Six isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin, indicating multidrug resis¬tance. Furthermore, antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the isolates with the following prevalence: blaTEM gene (six isolates; 100%), blaSHV (six isolates; 100%), blaCTX-M gene (four isolates; 66.67%), and tetA gene (four isolates; 66.67%).
Conclusion: This study revealed the virulence and resistance profile of K. pneumoniae bacterium isolated from wild Sumatran orangutans, which is essential for formulating effective conservation and healthcare strategies.
Use of zinc sulfate for the development of zinc-fortified meat products from broiler meat
Authors: Sultana Asma , Sarker Nathu , Habib Raihan , Alam Md , Paul Dulal , Sharmin Mst , Islam Aminul , Amin Ruhul , Sarker Md
Published: February 2025

Objective: The study aimed to assess the feasibility of incorporating food-grade zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) for making zinc-fortified meatballs from broiler meat.
Materials and Methods: A total of 20 broiler breasts were treated with different concentrations of elemental zinc (Zn) of food-grade ZnSO₄ for making meatballs. The study included a control group without added Zn (T0: 0 mg/kg) and treatment groups with Zn concentrations of 10 mg/kg (T1), 20 mg/kg (T2), 30 mg/kg (T3), and 40 mg/kg (T4). Post-cooking, the meatball samples underwent preservation at −20°C for proximate composition, quality parameters, storage quality, texture, and sensory analysis.
Results: Though the moisture content of meatballs did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), the T4 meatballs showed higher moisture percentages and significantly (p < 0.01) higher crude protein content compared to the control. However, a significant increase in cook yield (p < 0.01) and water-holding capacity (p < 0.05) were revealed by the T4 group. The T4 meatball recovered around 41.8% Zn. The malondialdehyde levels in all samples were acceptable when kept in the chiller for ten days. Moreover, the addition of varying doses of ZnSO4 did not result in a significant alteration (p > 0.05) in the hardness of the meatballs. The sensory panelists also validated the instrumental outcome of hardness.
Conclusion: The addition of 40 mg/kg of elemental Zn from ZnSO4 improves nutritional composition and quality with no alteration of the texture and sensory properties of the meatball. This dose could be an effective strategy for fortifying chicken meat products and could offer a valuable source of dietary Zn for human consumption.
Understanding the skin blackening phenomenon in Youzhou Dark goats based on the histological characteristics of melanocytes
Authors: Chen Cancan , Li Jie , Sun Xiaoyan , Jiang Jing , Lv Shipeng , Liu Liangjia , Wang Gaofu , Ren Hangxing
Published: February 2025

Objective: The study was conducted to identify the molecular mechanism of the phenotype formation of Youzhou black sheep by histological cytology and transcriptomics.
Materials and Methods: In this study, HE and IHC staining were used to explore the patterns and cytological differences in skin pigment deposition between Youzhou Dark goats and Banjiao goats. In addition, the DEGs related to the black skin phenotype were identified via transcriptomic analyses. Finally, the expression pattern of the agouti signal protein (ASIP) gene in the skin from individuals with different skin color phenotypes was verified by FISH.
Results: The results showed that compared with that on the skin surface of Banjiao goats, melanin deposition on the skin surface of Youzhou Dark goats was abnormally increased. The transcriptomic analyses showed that the expression of the ASIP genes decreased significantly in Youzhou Dark goats. FISH confirmed that the expression of the ASIP gene in Youzhou Dark goats was significantly lower than that in Banjiao goats.
Conclusion: The present study showed that a decrease in ASIP gene expression and an increase in melanin production are important factors associated with skin pigmentation in Youzhou Dark goats.
A Compact and Flexible Rectenna for 915 MHz Wireless Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting
Authors: Almadamegha Saif , Alrawashdeh Rula , aferh Saqer
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a radio frequency energy harvesting rectenna system operating in the 915 MHz industrial scientific medical (ISM) band is designed and proposed. The proposed design - which consists of a flexible loop antenna, rectifier and matching section - has a small overall footprint area of 50×50 mm2 (0.15λ0 × 0.15λ0) and achieves a power conversion efficiency of up to 80% for an input power of 5 dBm and load resistance of 20 kΩ. The system also demonstrates efficient performance, obtaining a high-power conversion efficiency of about 58% for a small input power of -15 dBm which represents an actual case of a small power captured from ambient resources. This is considered as the highest reported power conversion efficiency for a flexible energy harvesting system at 915 MHz with such a small size and an input power level of only -15 dBm. The proposed rectenna system has many appealing features, small size, flexibility, and relatively high-power conversion efficiency which make it a good candidate for energy harvesting applications.
Clinical Study on the Use of Botulinum Toxin for Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm
Authors: Salkica Ajla , Gabric Ivana , Jagic Mateja , Bejdic Nita , Biscevic Alma , Pjano Melisa
Published: February 2025

Background: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) type A, commonly known by its brand name Botox, has gained widespread recognition as a therapeutic intervention for conditions such as blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. These conditions are classified as focal dystonias and are characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that can cause both functional disabilities and cosmetic concerns for those affected. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability profile of Botulinum toxin in a cohort of 21 patients, comprised of 16 individuals diagnosed with blepharospasm and 5 with hemifacial spasm. Methods: Each patient underwent a series of Botox injections tailored to their specific condition and symptom severity. Following the administration of the treatment, participants were closely monitored over a six-month period to evaluate clinical outcomes and any potential adverse effects. Results: The treatment with Botulinum toxin resulted in a significant reduction in the frequency and intensity of involuntary muscle contractions in all participants. Furthermore, patients reported substantial improvements in their quality of life, indicating enhanced daily functioning and overall well-being. Notably, the treatment was generally well-tolerated, with only a few mild side effects, suggesting that adverse reactions were minimal and manageable. Conclusion: The findings from this study bolster the evidence supporting the use of Botulinum toxin as an effective first-line treatment option for individuals suffering from both blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. The promising results highlight its role in alleviating symptoms and improving the quality of life for patients affected by these challenging conditions.
THE IMPACT OF CLOUD COMPUTING ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT DELIVERY ABUJA NIGERIA
Authors: MAMBO ABDULHAMEED , MOGBO ONYEBUCHI , BAMGBADE ADEBISI , HARUNA ALHASSAN , HARUNA LEKO
Published: February 2025

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services, such as storage, processing power, and software applications, via the internet. Cloud computing offers various advantages and opportunity to construction industry, such as cost reduction, improving quality, enhancing productivity, and fostering innovation. Nigeria is lagging behind in this technological advancement due to lack of awareness, resistant to knowledge, which lead to lack of empirical evidence on the impact of cloud computing on project delivery and performance in Nigeria. The adoption and application of cloud computing in the construction industry is still low and limited in Nigeria. This study is aim at filling the gap by conducting a comprehensive study on the concept, adoption, impact, and perceive benefits of cloud computing in construction project delivery in Nigeria. To achieve this, mix-method of analysis was used, to asses, identify, determine, and evaluate the level of adoption of cloud computing in construction industry in Nigeria. From the findings, the level of adoption of cloud computing in the construction industry in Nigeria was moderate. The most adopted cloud service model was software as a service SaaS, followed by platform as a service, PaaS and infrastructure as a service IaaS. The most adopted cloud deployment model was public cloud, followed by hybrid cloud and private cloud. The factors that influenced the adoption and usage of cloud computing were organizational factors, individual factors, and environmental factors. Cloud computing has a positive and significant impact on the project delivery, in terms of time, cost, quality, and sustainability, as it enables the project managers to deliver the project faster, cheaper, better, and greener, by using the cloud services and solutions that suit their project needs and demands. The study recommend, The increase of the awareness and understanding of cloud computing among the construction project site managers, and to provide them with the necessary training and education, to enhance their knowledge and skills of cloud computing, and to increase their confidence .

Keywords: Cloud computing, Empirical Evidence,Project Delivery
Enhanced microstructure of Coated Ti-51at. %Ni coated TiN using DC PVD magnetron sputtering technique
Authors: Arudi Ishiaka , Balogun Samson
Published: February 2025

The use of TiN alloys for biomedical implant has gained an attractive attention over the last decade. But there is still a drawback in terms of its adequate adhesive and hardness coefficient. This study investigated the efficiency of an advanced coating and characterization of titanium nitride (TiN) on Ti-51at. %Ni alloy. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) and surface topography and roughness of the sample. vapor deposition DC magnetron sputtering technique with variable deposition parameters such as sputtering power, pressure, time, and temperature. A microhardness tester and micro scratch test equipment were employed to test the hardness and adhesion strength of the coated and uncoated samples of Coated sample of Ti-51at. %Ni respectively. The investigation indicates that precipitates that the grain boundaries as B2, R-phase, and TiNi3 intermetallics. It was found that the coated samples have a higher surface roughness of Ra 6.95 nm compared to uncoated samples with a surface roughness of 3.69 nm. The mechanical test also revealed that the coated sample has good adhesion strength with a value as high as 2175 mN, and its hardness increased by 57% compared with the uncoated sample. The hardness of the coated sample indicated an increment of 57%, and the adhesion strength of the coated sample, determined by the scratch test, gave a value of 2174.96 mN. Finally, the coating of Ti-51at. %Ni with TiN with the DC magnetron sputtering system yielded good hardness and adhesion to resist wear in implants for biomedical applications
Nanotechnology-Driven Precision Manufacturing: Exploring its Potentials and Advances
Authors: Zira Khalid , Ntuen Mitchel , Ogedengbe Temitayo , Adekunle Taiwo , Odimgbe Sabinus , Oladigbolu Yusuf , Edem Archibong , Alfa Amina
Published: February 2025

This study describes the production of structures using nano-processes, made possible by nanotechnology. The nano-processes and their suitable applications have been discussed in details. The long-term potential in the mainstream manufacturing scape is explored, as well as some advances that have been made in the recent years. In this study, a comprehensive overview of nanotechnology and how it synergizes with existing manufacturing techniques was considered, highlighting the synergy between nano-materials and precision engineering. Relevant innovations in additive manufacturing, lithography, and nano-assembly were also explored. These innovations are responsible for the manufacturing of intricate structures with unprecedented accuracy. The review also sheds light on the limitations and considerations associated with the adoption of nanotechnology in precision manufacturing.
INVESTIGATING THE SHEAR BEHAVIOUR OF SISAL FIBRE INFUSED IN
HIGH STRENGTH REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS
Authors: Adekanye Yusuf , Mambo Prof
Published: February 2025

The use of sisal fibre for reinforcement in concrete slab members is developed and placed under study due to the reasons being faced in the Nigeria construction industries. Galloping inflations, lack of quality control & production of inferior materials are general challenges faced in the construction industry. This combined with low quality iron ore and high sulphur & phosphorous contents of Nigerian ore leads to production of inferior steel materials with reduced diameter or low yield strength. This leads to this study on assessing the behaviour of sisal fibres serving as steel support materials. A mix design survey was conducted by visiting in-state construction contractors to assess concrete mix grades and quantities adopted for use, which was used as a guide to mix the concrete for this study. A total of 52kg of cement, 104kg of coarse aggregate, 52kg of fine aggregate and 0.5% water cement ratio was used. An average sisal fibre percentage of 0.5% was used for this study, serving as reinforcement and steel supporting material in a 500mm × 200mm × 100mm concrete slab. A total of 12 samples were cast and cured, (3 of plain concrete, 3 of concrete and fibre reinforcement, 3 of steel reinforcement and 3 of steel and fibre reinforcement). These samples were subjected to bending test after three (3) days of curing in water to assess the flexural strength of the samples. The result showed that the sample with sisal fibre reinforcement only recorded the highest flexural strength of 3.41 N/mm2. A linear increase in flexural strength was noticed with increase in steel reinforcement to an average strength of 6.12N/mm2. The concrete produced can thus be used in every day-to-day practice.
Assessments of the impacts of environmental factors on vegetation cover at gas flaring sites in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.
Authors: MORAKINYO BARNABAS
Published: February 2025

The application of Satellite Earth Observation (EO) data provides the possibility of large scale mapping for the assessment of the effects of environmental factors on vegetation cover at the flaring sites. Twenty oneLandsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data, and four Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI-TIRS) data dated from 21/04/2000 to 05/02/2022 with < 3 % cloud cover were employed to study 11 gas flaring sites in Rivers State, Nigeria. MATLAB code was developed for data processing and analysis. Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) was computed from the atmospherically corrected multispectral bands (1-4) for Landsat 7, and bands (2-5) for Landsat 8. Change in NDVI was computed as(δNDVI450-60)min the N, E, S and W directions which is the difference between NDVI at 450 m and 60 m distance from the flare stack. The available environmental factors (Facility size, flare stack height and time i.e. year, month and day) were applied to the (δNDVI450-60m) in the 4 cardinal directions. Pairwise linear and multiple regression statistical analyses were adopted to investigate the relationships between each of the (δNDVI450-60)mN, (δNDVI450-60)mE, (δNDVI450-60)mS and (δNDVI450-60)mW and facility size, stack height and time. The results show that only 12 % of the variance in (δNDVI450-60)mN is explained by the available data. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of the facility size, flare stack height and time accounted for only 12 % of the results.
Performance Analysis of Sinusoidal Baffles in a Two-Phase Flow Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Ikpotokin Igbinosa , Adebayo david
Published: February 2025

The Shell-and-tube heat exchangers (STHE) used in many industries to maintain high thermal efficiency are limited by the incorporated baffles, which cause a relatively large pressure drop, and thus lower overall performance. These limitations and the demand for energy-saving, necessitate the development of new baffles with enhanced performance capabilities. This research aims to examine numerically the impact of Sinusoidal Baffle (SB) amplitude (in the range of 2 mm to 10 mm) and pitch (in the range of and 10 to 50 mm) on the thermal-hydraulic performance of STHE using finite element-based computational fluid dynamic, COMSOL Multiphysics software version 5.3. The Thermal Performance Factor (TPF) of the various baffles is determined using the flow field data, such as velocities, temperatures, and pressure, obtained from the numerical simulation. Additionally, experiment was conducted to validate the accuracy of the numerical results. Both the numerical simulation and the experimental results concur. The results of the TPF of the STHE with SB for all amplitudes and pitches using air-water two-phase mixture range from 1.294 to 1.484. The highest TPF occurs at SB with 2 mm amplitude and 20 mm pitch, while the lowest TPF occurs at 10 mm amplitude and 10 mm pitch. Additionally, highest heat transfer coefficient and lowest pressure drop was provided by STHE with 2 mm amplitude and 20 mm sinusoidal baffles with the TPF of 1.42, which translates to an energy savings of more than 40%. This study established that using sinusoidal baffles can enhance heat exchanger performance.
Recreational Community Gardens: a Study on Their Role In Promoting Well-being and Social Cohesion Among Housing Estate Residents In Fct Abuja
Authors: endoni Ebimorboere , umar ibrahim , uwajeh patrick , iyendo timothy , ibidolapo olawepo
Published: February 2025

This research project deals with the role of community recreational gardens in fostering social cohesion among residents in urban housing estates. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and observational studies, it aims to comprehensively explore the impact of these green spaces on social dynamics. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating community recreational gardens into urban planning strategies, offering valuable insights for policymakers, city planners, architects, and community leaders alike. All key findings collected at the end of this project indicate that community recreational gardens serve as inclusive environments, promoting cross-generational interactions, cultural exchange, and the formation of social networks in housing estates.
Development of a simplified methodology for British DoE concrete mix design procedure using python
Authors: Aguwa Chinedu , Abubakar Mahmud
Published: February 2025

Most of the methods of concrete mix design developed over the years were geared towards manual approach. Apart from being characterized by rigorous complication in computation, manual concrete mix design is prone to errors and mistakes inherent in the calculation during interpolations and reading of charts. Thus, this research introduces an innovative integration of Python algorithms into mobile applications for concrete mix design. The tables used in this algorithm are the same as those used in the British Method, however, Charts or Figures in the British method were converted into linear and polynomial equations. Python program was written to ease the use of the algorithm and it was also configured into the backend of a mobile application for user-friendliness. The results obtained from the algorithm were compared with those obtained based on the British method manual calculations and available datasets. The percentage errors between the algorithm results and manual calculations were found to range from 0.65% to 3% across all examples. The developed algorithm is a reliable tool for automating DoE concrete mix design. It is recommended for engineers to enhance accuracy and efficiency in mix design computations.
Effectiveness and safety of carboxymethyl cellulose eye drops in dry eye disease: A real-world study
Authors: Agashe Aditi , R Janarthanan , Gondane Ajitkumar , Pawar Dattatray , Sharma Akhilesh
Published: February 2025

Background:
Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a prevalent multifactorial disorder that affects individuals worldwide and is characterized by insufficient tear production or excessive tear evaporation. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) eye drops are widely used for managing DED because of their bio-adhesive properties, which enhance tear retention. However, real-world data on its effectiveness and safety are lacking. Hence

Aim:
To evaluate clinical effectiveness and safety in diverse real-world clinical settings.

Methods:
This multicenter, retrospective, real-world study assessed the medical records of adult patients with DED treated with CMC Eye Drops. The severity of symptoms such as pain, dryness, irritation, poor vision, and sensitivity to light was assessed using a Likert scale at baseline and follow-up visits. Tear break-up time (TBUT) and adverse events were recorded during follow-up. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:
A total of 1853 patients (mean age [±SD]), 43.78 ± 10.66 years; males, 63%) were included in the analysis. The duration of illness noted varied from 0.5 ─ 100 weeks. CMC 0.5% or 1% eye drops were prescribed at a frequency of twice, three times, or four times daily depending on the disease severity. The majority of patients were followed up after 1 month, with an average follow-up duration of 47.30 days. From baseline to follow-up assessment visit, the severity of pain, dryness, irritation, poor vision, and sensitivity to light were reduced by 80%, 68%, 77%, 72%, and 78%, respectively. TBUT was documented at the follow-up visit in 772 patients; of these, 99% patients had a normal TBUT (≥10 seconds) and no patient had an abnormal TBUT (<5 sec). No adverse events were reported during the study period.

Conclusion:
CMC eye drops significantly reduced DED symptoms and showed a favorable safety profile, with no adverse events and normal tear break-up times in most patients.
L’image a des yeux
Authors: BOYER Elsa
Published: February 2025

En s’intéressant à l’oculométrie – l’enregistrement, la mesure et l’étude des déplacements de l’œil –, les études cinématographiques accordent au spectateur et à son regard une place inédite médiatisée par un dispositif d’enregistrement et de visualisation de données. Cet article explore les rapports possibles entre les mesures oculométriques et l’analyse de séquences filmiques en privilégiant des exemples qui déplacent cette rencontre en dehors du primat de la continuité narrative et de la synchronie attentionnelle. Ainsi, la tentative de faire dialoguer deux modèles épistémologiques permet peut-être d’interroger les distinctions entre un cinéma narratif et un cinéma expérimental davantage porté sur les formes plastiques.