bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perencanaan Pembelajaran Kecepatan Memindai Kamus Manual Menggunakan Model dan Media Chart Ekspose melalui Pendekatan Individual
Authors: Hassanah Amelia Ul , Fitry Adeyathul
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) hasil perencanaan penyusunan RPP pembelajaran kecepatan memindai entri bidang musik kamus manual menggunakan model dan media chart ekspose di kelas 6 MIN 1 Konawe, Sulawesi Tenggara; 2) hasil perencanaan penyusunan rubrik evaluasi dalam pembelajaran kecepatan memindai lema bidang musik kamus manual menggunakan model dan media chart ekspose di kelas 6 MIN 1 Konawe. Kegiatan penelitian berlangsung di awal semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2024/2025. Penelitian kebahasaan ini menggunakan beberapa instrumen. Pertama, kuesioner tertutup yang digunakan untuk memvalidasi RPP kecepatan memindai lema bidang musik dalam kamus manual menggunakan model dan media chart ekspose mencakup: 1) data perencanaan aspek tujuan pembelajaran, data perencanaan aspek model dan media pembelajaran, data perencanaan aspek alokasi waktu pembelajaran, data perencanaan aspek kegiatan pembelajaran; 2) data penilaian evaluasi pembelajaran yang mencakup: jenis dan bentuk tes, kisikisi tes, dan rubrik penilaian. Kedua, dokumentasi yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh data kompetensi model dan media chart ekspose. Setiap data hasil perencanaan dinilai oleh 3 penimbang menggunakan instrumen tertutup skala 1-4. Data hasil penimbangan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif yakni prinsip modus. Hasil penelitian: 1) hasil penilaian RPP kecepatan memindai lema bidang musik dalam kamus manual menggunakan model dan media chart ekspose menghasilkan nilai modus 4 untuk skala nilai 1-4; 2) rubrik penilaian evaluasi pembelajaran kecepatan memindai lema bidang musik dalam kamus manual menggunakan model dan media chart ekspose bernilai 4 pada skala nilai 1-4.
Railway modernization projects in the Republic of Serbia and connection with the surrounding countries
Authors: Simić Tatjana , Ristić Ivan , Mikić Tatjana
Published: October 2024

Railway modernisation is a broad term that can refer to various projects and initiatives aimed at improving the efficiency, safety, and capacity of railway systems. This may include upgrading the existing infrastructure, introducing new technologies, and expanding the network to new areas or building new infrastructure and equipment in accordance with the systems to which it will be connected. Railway Sector Modernization Project for Serbia aims to improve the efficiency and safety of Serbia’s rail network and enhance the environmental sustainability of Serbia’s transport system. The paper presents the key parameters of railway modernization from the point of view of traffic, construction and electrotechnical expertise and the effects/connections on the railway network of the countries surrounding the Republic of Serbia. Modern infrastructure for a speed of up to 200 km/h and modern vehicles offer a new quality in passenger traffic and will make it possible to shorten the travel time by train from Belgrade to Budapest. Planned route of the high-speed railway line Belgrade - Niš for a speed of up to 200 km/h (corridor 10) and the bypass railway line Beli Potok-Vinča-Pančevo for a speed of up to 120 km/h (connecting the infrastructure capacities of the Belgrade railway node with the railway lines Pančevo-Vršac and Pančevo-Zrenjanin) have a significant role in the modernization of Serbian railway network not only in the traffic context, but also in all segments of the electrotechnical profession. The implementation of advanced signalling systems, such as the European Train Control System (ETCS), promises increased operational precision and reduced travel times, contributing to a more competitive and sustainable transportation sector. In the context of regional connectivity, Serbia is also actively engaged in collaborative initiatives with surrounding countries on standardization and integration of signalling systems, ensuring smooth cross-border rail traffic and facilitating the movement of goods and passengers within the broader European network.
Temperature distribution at rail and heating rod resulting from varying thermal contact resistances between heating rod and rail of heated switch points
Authors: Schladitz Markus , Adam Robert , Schlegel Stephan
Published: October 2024

Electrical switch point heatings consist of heating rods that are attached to the rail with clamps. Usually these clamps have a width of w ≤ 35 mm and they are set in a distance of d = 30 cm to each other. The clamping force and the resulting thermal contact resistance in the area of the clamp was previously investigated. Due to the large proportion of the heating rod that is not covered by a clamp and the uncertainty of the mechanical properties of the heating rod, a clear statement about the distribution of the mechanical stress at the contact area in longitudinal direction cannot be made. That means the thermal contact resistance can vary in a large range. In order to determine the impact of varying thermal contact resistances at the clamp area and at the area between the clamps, a Finite Elements Method (FEM) model of a rail and an attached heating rod was set up. Heating calculations with various thermal contact resistances show that the temperature distribution in the rail is mainly affected by the thermal contact in the clamp area. The heat transfer into the rail does not benefit from an increased clamping force or a special treatment of the rail surface like milling or usage of a thermal-conducting paste. Even a reduction of the clamping force over time due to mechanical or thermal load on the clamps does not decrease the temperatures significantly in the rail. However, the temperature distribution within the heating rod is strongly dependent on the thermal contact resistance in the area between the clamps. A large contact resistance between the clamps causes very high temperatures at the heating rod that accelerate ageing processes and can eventually lead to the malfunction of this part.
Analysis of the location for the accommodation of the new tram and bus depot of GSP Beograd
Authors: Milic Markovic Ljiljana , Marković Ljubo , Biber Dragana
Published: October 2024

To convert the industrial zone into a zone of residential and commercial content in New Belgrade, it is necessary to relocate the garage of the Belgrade City Transport Company (GSP) from Block 66 in New Belgrade to a new location at the end of the Dr Ivan Ribar settlement, i.e. in the extension of Yuri Gagarin Street, south of the state road New Belgrade - Surcin. In accordance with the set requirements, the layout of the largest number of facilities was made for the purpose of defining the space for the accommodation of the CTC(GSP) Belgrade tram and bus depot at the proposed location. The paper presents an analysis of the site in question, with the definition of three Variant solutions with the distribution of facilities related to the areas occupied by tram tracks and pavement for bus traffic, as well as accompanying contents related to architectural facilities, plants and devices. Also, presented is the process of selecting the optimal Variant solution using the method of multi-criteria compromise ranking.
Rail transport performances on electrified and non-electrified railway lines: sustainable rail transport point of view
Authors: Dolinayová Anna , Morihladko Peter
Published: October 2024

Rail transport is considered an environmentally friendly mode of transport. However, this statement is valid if the transport takes place on electrified lines. In 2021, 56% of the total railway network in European countries was electrified. This share has been gradually increasing in recent years. However, the level of electrification of the railway network varies significantly between countries. Switzerland is the only country with a fully electrified rail network, while Kosovo has the only railway network where no tracks are electrified. Eight countries have a rail network in which 70% or more of the tracks are electrified. The first three places are Switzerland (100%), Luxembourg (97%), and Belgium (88%). In seven countries, the level of electrification is below a third of the total railway network (Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Kosovo, Lithuania, Latvia, and Greece). IRG Rail also started collecting data on the intensity of electrified and non-electrified railway lines use. The first results show that the intensity of electrified network use is higher in all monitored countries. In several countries, the intensity of electrified railway lines use is several times higher compared to non-electrified lines (IRG-Rail. Eleventh Annual Market Monitoring Report). The paper deals with a comparative analysis of traffic performance on electrified and non-electrified railway lines in EU countries for passenger and freight transport. Our research was focused on the share of power of dependent and independent traction, and especially on the share of power of independent traction on electrified lines. We dealt not only with the statistical analysis of performance but primarily with the social costs (internal and external costs) of independent traction in comparison with dependent traction.
A deep learning based damage estimation model incorporating hybrid AE data for monitoring reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Inderyas Omair , Alver Ninel , Kaya Aydın
Published: October 2024

The reinforced concrete structures require constant monitoring to ensure their durability and safety of the structures. Thus, it is of great importance to monitor and identify the damage in structures. From non-destructive testing methods, acoustic Emission (AE) is a well-known method used to locate cracks, and damages and provide information about the performance of the material or a structure. This study aimed to determine the damage progress within a reinforced concrete beam by incorporating all AE datasets in a hybrid deep neural network. For this, a hybrid AE dataset consisting of three damage states of AE activities obtained from a four-point bending test of a reinforced concrete beam was developed. For the development of the hybrid model, a 1-dimensional convolutional network and a 2-dimensional convolutional network were combined and all AE data containing AE parameters, 1D waveforms, and scalograms extracted from continuous wavelet transform (CWT) were used to train the model and validated against a testing dataset. From the results, it was found that the model was trained well enough with a large amount of hybrid AE dataset, and the performance accuracy in training and testing was found 97.6% and 95% respectively, leading to the conclusion that the hybrid model has the potential to predict damages in reinforced concrete with great confidence.
Longitudinal research on influence of traffic and urban road elements on operational speed
Authors: Šurdonja Sanja , Deluka-Tibljaš Aleksandra , Ištoka Otković Irena , Klobučar Mirna
Published: October 2024

Excessive and inadequate speeds represent one of the most important causes of traffic accidents, and significantly determine the resulting consequences. The research in this paper refers to the analysis of speeds in one of the important corridors of the main city streets in the city of Rijeka, Croatia. Both streets are approx. 1.5 km long, mostly one-way and two-lane, located in a mixed mostly residential area where important recreational and tourist facilities are located also. Both streets have experienced significant changes in the recent years - the construction of an additional road network in a wider area caused a reduction in the importance of the streets in ensuring transit traffic and in traffic loads. The main intersection of the mentioned streets with the third access road was reconstructed - from a non-signalized intersection to a roundabout, certain traffic calming measures were introduced, and the reduction in traffic volume caused the appearance of long stretches of illegal street parking. Traffic counting and speed measurements were carried out at several cross-sections on this corridor in 2016 and 2019, when the construction of the roundabout had not yet begun. The aim of this research is to determine how much the construction of the roundabout and other described planned measures and unplanned changes in both streets affected the flow of traffic - primarily speed and traffic volumes. Traffic counts and speed measurements were repeated in 2023 at the same locations and in the same way as done before. A comparison of the results of operational (V85) speeds shows that traffic in the zone did not calm down due to the effect of the traffic and construction measures taken.
Creep and recovery of SBS modified bitumen depending on the properties of base bitumen and polymer
Authors: Škulteckė Judita , Vaitkus Audrius , Šernas Ovidijus
Published: October 2024

The use of polymer modified bitumen (PMB) is continuously growing due to the polymer ability to increase the asphalt pavements resistance to rutting, as well as other performance characteristics. However, in practice, asphalt pavements with the same class of PMB perform differently even though the same technical requirements are met. Previous studies have demonstrated that creep and recovery can differ more than 4 times between the same class of PMB. It is known to be influenced by the properties of both base bitumen and polymer. However, there is a lack of more detailed analysis. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine how the properties of both the base bitumen and the polymer affect the creep and recovery of PMB. For this purpose, three 70/100 binders, which differ in fractional composition (asphaltenes, resins, aromatics and saturates – SARA) were laboratory modified with three polymers, which differ in structure and molecular weight. Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), as one of the most popular modifiers, was selected for bitumen modification. In all cases, 3% of SBS were used to produce PMB. Research showed that the properties of the base binder have a significantly higher effect on the creep and recovery of PMB compared to the properties of SBS when 3% SBS is used.
New process of determination of the potential and scope of the railway infrastructure
Authors: Dedík Milan , Gašparík Jozef , Bulková Zdenka , Zitrický Vladislav
Published: October 2024

Currently, it is necessary to support railway transport as a key element of passenger and freight transport. Railway transport must be the backbone of transport services, which must be implemented in the context of the basic goal of EU transport policy, which is to ensure the efficient use of the railway infrastructure, and thus the quality of passenger and freight transport. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the high-quality use of the railway infrastructure, its adequate development and the constant process of modernization. The management and operation of the infrastructure is carried out by the infrastructure manager, which is usually owned by the state. The railway infrastructure is influenced by several important factors, which ultimately affect the quality and stability of the train traffic diagram. The main goal of the contribution is to briefly describe the current procedures and methodologies for the capacity of the railway infrastructure determining and using, but especially the proposal of new procedures and options for determining the scope and potential of the railway infrastructure. These indicators are also important from the point of view of determining the theoretical and practical permeability of the track sections. Subsequently, specific parameters and a specific recommended range of transport service will be proposed for each range. Last but not least, a brief practical application will be developed on the selected railway lines in individual European countries. The main contribution of the article, as well as the entire research presented, will be a more effective determination of the capacity of the railway infrastructure and the planning of the traffic operations scope on it.
Analysis of different traction systems for the Zillertalbahn
Authors: Vohla Manfred , Schöbel Andreas , Rüger Bernard
Published: October 2024

The narrow gauge line from Jenbach to Mayrhofen in Austria is still operated by diesel units which are close to the end of their life cycle. New trains shall realize the opportunity of decarbonized services. Therefore, various opportunities of traction and power supply have been investigated and it is a vital example based on several former studies, how the sychronous consideration of vehicles, infrastructure and operation acts gamechanging in aspects of time and costs. The scope of possible solutions is much larger than electrification of the entire infrastructure or hydrogen and battery vehicles only. In this paper a comparison of all investigated solutions is presented with their technical, commercial and time key factors. Their operational performance has been simulated by software OpenTrack to compare running times and traction energy consumption to influence the overall analysis as well as to confirm the required travel time performance of the local mobility plan (minus 18 percent) and to predicted differential life cycle costs. All these results will influence the final authority's system decision.
Road infrastructure management using modern technological approaches in the light of limiting barriers
Authors: Sedivy Stefan , Jackova Martina , Zuziakova Ingrid , Florkova Zuzana , Danisovic Peter
Published: October 2024

The construction sector is characterized by low productivity and backwardness compared to other sectors. The subfield of road infrastructure management is no exception. Although new innovative elements appear gradually, e.g. based on Construction 4.0, Lean Construction philosophy, Cross Asset Management or Circular Economy. However, it is still not enough for the shift in the quality of road network management to be sufficiently visible. The effort of the research team is to gradually apply the most modern technological elements to the process of diagnosing the condition of the road network, which can introduce systematicity into the process of monitoring and evaluating the condition of the road network. These are based on an interconnected system of georadar technologies, road surface scanning, bearing capacity monitoring, building sensor systems in road construction and complex data processing. However, these activities encounter certain risks and weak points, which will have to be gradually dismantled. Among the selected ones, it is possible to include mistrust on the part of road administrators, whether it is the state road administrator, regional administrators or cities and municipalities. At the same time, technological limits and questions about the economic return of introducing modern approaches to the processes in question are gradually emerging. This leads the research teams to believe that it is necessary to find an optimal balance when introducing innovations in this selected sector.
Increasing the efficiency of night trains by improving their usability in daytime transport
Authors: Rüger Bernhard , Traunmüller Maria , Steiner Florian , Michelberger Frank , Sauter-Servaes Thomas
Published: October 2024

The use of night train rolling stock in daytime transport can be expected to increase efficiency by reducing idle times, but also has numerous challenges. The TANA project, which is funded as an R&D service in Austria as part of the "Mobility of the Future" programme by the Federal Ministry for Climate Protection, (BMK) and supported by the Schieneninfrastruktur-Dienstleistungsgesellschaft (SCHIG mbH), is developing concepts to improve the use of night trains in daytime transport.
AI & Smart Tunnel: improving road tunnel resilience by dynamic and predictive risk analysis
Authors: Focaracci Alessandro , Martirano Luigi , Zacchei Francesca
Published: October 2024

Technological innovations have led to the tunnel concept evolution from civil works to technological infrastructure, where technology overcomes the geometric-functional limits, increasing its operating capacity. Today, the tunnel system must have the ability to adapt to a scenario in which transportation is based on guided or self-driving cars, with internal combustion engines or electric motors, that safely run through Smart Roads and Smart Tunnels. This implies that the tunnel system must be part of "Intelligent Transport Systems" (ITS), a goal introduced by Directive 2010/40/EU [1]. This paper aims to illustrate the fundamental principles of SCADRA (Supervisory Control Acquisition and Dynamic Risk Analysis) system, developed and implemented thanks to EURAM (EUropean Risk Analysis Method) methodology, and how it can be empowered thanks to Artificial Intelligence (AI). SCADRA system is a supplementary prevention and safety measure for tunnels management, both during normal operation and in emergency conditions, capable of guaranteeing a real-time monitoring of tunnel risk level. Thanks to AI, the system can be enhanced in order to execute a predictive risk analysis, by assessing the tunnel risk level trend according to the data gathered and by adjusting the next prediction to the real-time risk data. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Generative AI (Gen AI) are concepts and areas of practical application that are quickly growing, in terms of interest, products and services across multiple sectors. The concept is also relevant to the road, transport and mobility sectors in areas such as infrastructure design, operations and management, but it could be crucial for the safety aspect.
Experimental analysis of pavement structure behaviour in a laboratory full-scale model
Authors: Spies Karel
Published: October 2024

The paper deals with the analysis of pavement layers behaviour under simulated traffic loading. The road structure of a category one road designed according to the technical recommendations for pavement design in the Czech Republic (TP 170 supplement No 1.) is subjected to long term dynamic impulse loading applied through the contact surfaces of dual wheel assembly mounted on heavy goods vehicle axle. [1] The model is equipped with several sensors for measuring stress, horizontal strain, temperature, and moisture. The results of the measurements provide information on the changes in the condition of the pavement layers in terms of long-term monitoring of stresses and strains, the development of permanent deformations and the interaction between various structural layers. Combined with the different structures tested, this research will lead to a detailed description of the behaviour of the strength and deformation characteristics of the pavement layers and refined specification of pavement design.
Behaviour to permanent deformations of some asphalt mixtures in wearing courses
Authors: Petcu Claudia , Răcănel Carmen
Published: October 2024

The asphalt mixture must be both flexible at low temperatures to prevent cracking and sufficiently rigid at high temperatures to prevent permanent deformation. Permanent deformations of flexible pavements are mainly due to creep of asphalt mixtures. Permanent deformations occur due to repeated traffic loads superimposed with high temperature. Determining the resistance of asphalt mixtures to permanent deformation is very important, as it characterises the limit of the elastic range and helps to achieve quality asphalt mixtures. Like the fatigue phenomenon, the permanent deformation phenomenon also plays an important role in the design of road pavements. The present paper aims to highlight the laboratory results on the permanent deformation resistance of asphalt mixtures used in wearing courses (BBA 16 - airport asphalt mix, SMA 16 – stone mastics asphalt and MAMR 16 - asphalt mix which meets the requirements of a wearing course asphalt mix but which has been designed to have a higher modulus of rigidity than those normally used for wearing courses). The results of the laboratory tests are presented in the form of tables and graphs.
Use of green soil stabilization for protection of roadsides against wind erosion
Authors: Perić Dunja , Saeidi Rashk Olia Arash
Published: October 2024

This study experimentally evaluated a sustainable and environmentally friendly protection of roadsides from wind erosion. The approach relies on use of lignin, a bio-polymer that is a by-product of paper mill and bio-fuel industries. Lignin is the main component of the plant cell wall that enhances its rigidity while its hydrophobic properties promote transport through vascular plant bundles. Plant skeleton is formed by lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Lignin is naturally generated through photosynthesis resulting in 50 billion tons per year, and lignin isolated from lignocellulosic biomass is the second most abundant natural polymer next to cellulose. Lignosulfonates are produced from lignin by sulfite pulping process of the wood. They are renewable, inherently bio-degradable and non-toxic, thus offering a sustainable alternative to use of synthetic polymers for protection of near-surface soil from wind erosion. In this study the effectiveness of lignosulfonates in protecting the near-surface soil from wind erosion was evaluated by conducting laboratory scale erosion tests in a wind tunnel. The selected silty soil was oven dried, placed loosely in a tray, and sprayed with different concentrations of lignosulfonate water solutions at different spraying rates. The trays were placed in the wind tunnel in an inclined position, and exposed to a wind duration of 15 min. The wind speeds varied between 38 and 54 km/h. Spraying the soil with lignosulfonate solutions either completely suppressed the soil erosion or significantly decreased it compared to 78 to 91% erosion of unprotected soil. Therefore, the lignosulfonate offers environmentally friendly, effective and sustainable protection of roadsides from wind erosion during the critical construction phase prior to emergence of protective vegetation.
Case study: top-down construction of road over bridge across a railway track crossing located in a deep-cut ground profile
Authors: Ahmed Shahrukh , U Dileepan , S Vasanth Kumar
Published: October 2024

This case study delves into the strategic use of top-down construction techniques in the development of a Road Over Bridge (ROB) spanning a deep cut designed for railway tracks. Situated near Delhi, India, the proposed ROB features a railway crossing at the base of a deep cut, with an approximate total span of 150m and a deep cut depth of 20m. The initial construction methodology proposal involved the conventional sequence of construction which commences with excavation up to the required depth followed by construction of foundation, substructure, and superstructure. Hence, the road traffic is allowed to operate only after all the structural and excavation works are completed. However, this method has some significant drawbacks with regards to the duration of construction, excessive delay in resumption of traffic, unfavourable aspects related to safety and economy of tall and slender substructure components such as piers and abutment. Moreover, owing to the challenges involved in erection of superstructure at considerable heights, the choice of available superstructure types is limited. To overcome these issues, the top-down construction strategy has been adopted. In this method, the structural construction works (construction of foundation, substructure, and superstructure) precede the excavation works and the traffic is resumed on the road immediately after completion of all structural works. Hence, there is no delay on account of the time-consuming excavation work. Also, cost effective and efficient superstructure types like voided slab, PSC box girder can be adopted since the formwork can be supported from existing natural ground level which is at shallow depth. Moreover, provision of slender substructure components is replaced with pile groups which are more efficient and economical.
Elastic moduli of stabilized mixtures with wood ash
Authors: Šimunović Mirjana , Senić Barišić Pavica , Dimter Sanja
Published: October 2024

Stabilized base courses are an indispensable part of today's pavement structures. Stabilized mixtures as we know them consist of high-quality crushed aggregate bound with a hydraulic binder, usually cement. Due to their composition, stabilizing mixtures increase the strength and stiffness of the pavement structure, which is expressed by modulus of elasticity, i.e., the measure of the stiffness of the pavement structure due to dynamic loading. Although classic stabilized mixtures meet the criteria of load capacity, stiffness and durability, the modern approach in road construction is changing. Namely, in order to meet requirements of sustainable development, it is necessary to use alternative, waste materials. Wood ash, a by-product of the combustion of wood biomass in the production of electricity and thermal energy, has been shown through various studies to be a potentially valuable and non-standard material that can be used in road construction. Wood ash can improve the properties of stabilizing mixtures (as strengths or modulus of elasticity) and can contribute to reducing the amount of cement required in the stabilized mixture. This paper describes the determination of the elasticity modulus on stabilized mixtures containing sand, cement and wood ash by a non-destructive ultrasonic method. The mixture of sand and ash was stabilized with different amounts of cement. The aim of the work was to determine the dependence of the modulus of elasticity value on the stabilized mixture composition. This study also established a correlation between the modulus of elasticity and the ultrasound velocity. These test results show the improvement of stabilized mixtures properties as well as the importance of ultrasonic method in assessing properties and quality of stabilized mixtures.
Road bypass around the city of Brčko - presentation of the specifics of the project and construction of the bypass
Authors: Kralj Stjepan , Sukalić Nataša , Kralj Mario
Published: October 2024

The creation of the Main Project for the Bypass around the city Brčko, based on the Conceptual Project for the construction of the part of the future highway Bjeljina- Šamac highway, is presented. It was requested to change the project assignment from a highway to a bypass road solution with level junctions. Due to an earlier initiation of the land expropriation process, it was not possible to change the ground plan elements according to the route from the Conceptual Project. In accordance with the project terms of reference, The Conceptual Project was refined for the purpose of its optimization in cooperation with the Client’s team of experts. The paper will present the process and specifics of creating project documentation, under the minimum conditions of legal and technical local regulations and the actual construction of the road section.
La Competitividad del Profesional Técnico de Comercialización y Ventas ante Oportunidades Laborales
Authors: Guim-Espinoza Angelo Antonio , Campoverde-Moscol Amarilis Isabel
Published: October 2024

La formación técnica profesional (FTP) es esencial para la inserción de los estudiantes en el mercado laboral. Esta investigación exploró la perspectiva de egresados de Comercialización y Ventas sobre la eficacia de la FTP en relación a las oportunidades laborales. Se adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental, combinando métodos  empíricos y matemático-estadísticos. Se aplicaron encuestas a egresados de 2022 y 2023 mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado, y se analizaron los datos utilizando técnicas estadísticas descriptivas.Los resultados revelaron las percepciones de los egresados en cinco dimensiones clave: competencias laborales, habilidades sociales, perspectivas laborales, emprendimiento y desarrollo profesional. Las conclusiones indican que, aunque la formación proporcionó una base sólida en competencias profesionales, hay áreas que requieren mejora para aumentar la satisfacción y la empleabilidad de los egresados. Se identificó la necesidad de fortalecer la conexión entre las habilidades adquiridas y las demandas del mercado laboral, así como de incorporar el desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales y ofrecer mayor apoyo para el emprendimiento. Además, la tendencia de los egresados a continuar sus estudios superiores destaca la importancia de vincular la formación técnica con la educación superior, lo que maximizaría sus oportunidades de desarrollo profesional y crecimiento en el mercado laboral.
Impacto Ambiental Asociado a Factores Antropogénicos: Incidencia en la Economía de las Cuencas hidrográficas
Authors: Álvarez-Álvarez Martha Johanna , Moreno-Ponce Luis Alfonso , Regalado-Jalca Julio Johnny
Published: October 2024

Este estudio examinó el impacto de las actividades humanas en las cuencas hidrográficas y sus efectos en la economía regional, empleando una revisión sistemática de 30 estudios significativos. El propósito fue identificar los factores humanos principales que contribuyen al deterioro de los ecosistemas fluviales y las repercusiones económicas para las comunidades locales. La metodología abarcó la revisión y análisis cualitativo de estudios seleccionados, centrados en los cambios de uso del suelo, la contaminación del agua, y las prácticas agrícolas e industriales. Los resultados indicaron que la transformación de áreas forestales en tierras agrícolas, junto con el uso intensivo de pesticidas y el vertido de aguas residuales industriales, ha generado un deterioro notable en la calidad del agua en varias cuencas de América Latina. Particularmente, se observó que cuencas como la del río Guayas en Ecuador y la del río Magdalena en Colombia presentan altos niveles de contaminación por metales pesados y nutrientes, lo cual impacta tanto en la biodiversidad acuática como en la salud de las poblaciones locales. La discusión enfatizó la necesidad de políticas públicas más efectivas para una gestión integral de las cuencas hidrográficas, incluyendo tecnologías avanzadas de tratamiento de aguas y estrategias de conservación. Las conclusiones sugieren que la cooperación entre sectores resulta esencial para reducir los impactos ambientales y favorecer la sostenibilidad a largo plazo de estos recursos.
Autoimmune and Neoplastic Outcomes After the mRNA Vaccination: The Role of T Regulatory Cell Responses
Authors: Kyriakopoulos Anthony M , Nigh Greg , McCullough Peter A , Seneff Stephanie
Published: October 2024

A plethora of autoimmune disease incidences occured after COVID-19 mRNA injections were rolled out.
Aggressive cancer cases have occurred in the bodies of recipients at sites where the mRNA was injected and at distant metastatic sites.
The mRNA vaccines cause thymic involution (shrinking) and dysregulation of the T regulatory (Treg) and T effector (Teff) homeostatic cell balance.
Activated immune cells deliver spike protein to the thymic epithelial cells, damaging them.
The Treg/Teff balance may determine the fate of autoimmunity and/or cancer and is different for patients with cancer versus those without any cancerous tissues.
Repeated mRNA injections lead to empirical evidence of impaired immune functions (elevated IgG4, PD-L1), associated with increased autoimmunity and cancer risks, and decreased resistance to infections.
In the with-cancer recipients, the mRNA vaccine may be associated with either autoimmunity or further progression of the cancer(s) depending on the immunotherapy treatment the patient receives.

When an antigen stimulates the immune system, specific T regulatory (Treg) and T effector (Teff) subpopulations develop from naïve T cells. An imbalance between Treg and Teff cells can lead to either cancer or autoimmunity. Treg cells are beneficial in that they protect from autoimmunity. However, they suppress the immune response to tumors. In this review, we analyze Treg responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and find distinct pathological responses under differing conditions. Injection with modified mRNA can lead to a delayed but highly active immune response, resulting in overactivation of the inflammasome. The mRNA “vaccine” induces a very strong IgG antibody response, while suppressing CD8+ T cell activation. Exosomes distribute the recombinant, synthetic spike protein and the mRNA encoding it throughout the organism. In cancer patients, disease progression depends on the starting point of the cancer patient at the time of injection and the type of cancer treatment underway. Migration of circulating dendritic cells and Treg cells back to the thymus, while they are carrying spike protein, damages the medullary thymic epithelial cells and accelerates thymic involution, a direct cause of inflammaging and immunosenescence. In summary, the Treg responses to mRNA injections and subsequent mRNA-encoded SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expression may disrupt immune capacities resulting in accelerated development of autoimmune disease and cancer. The processes discussed here are consistent with both epidemiological findings and case reports.
PENDEKATAN TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI DALAM PENYULUHAN PENGGUNAAN PUPUK ORGANIK BAGI PETANI SAYURAN KANGKUNG DI KELURAHAN MATABUBU KECAMATAN POASIA KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Gita R. Sri Utari , Rela Iskandar Zainuddin , Jayadisastra Yoenita
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine and analyze the communication techniques of extension workers in counseling the use of organic fertilizers for farmers, and to know the knowledge of farmers in the use of organic fertilizers in Matabubu Village, Poasia District, Kendari City.This research was conducted in July 2023. The population in the study will be informants, because kale farmers in Matabubu Village amounted to 7 people, as well as 1 extension agent in charge of Matabubu Village. Data collection techniques consist of observation, in-depth interviews, documentation and literature. The focus of the research includes: extension communication techniques (informative communication, persuasive communication and instructive communication), farmers' knowledge during related extension (source/content of organic fertilizer, benefits of organic fertilizer, how to make organic fertilizer and use of organic fertilizer). The analysis used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the communication techniques used consisted of informative, persuasive and instructive communication techniques that had been implemented by extension workers. As well as, farmers' knowledge in the use of organic fertilizer for kale vegetables in general have known, but the process of making organic fertilizer, farmers do not know
HUBUNGAN MODAL SOSIAL PETANI TERHADAP KEBERLANJUTAN USAHATANI JAGUNG KUNING DI DESA WAKADIA KECAMATAN WATOPUTE KABUPATEN MUNA
Authors: Sari Rati Dewisna , Taufik Yani , Salahuddin Salahuddin
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study is to ascertain the correlation between farmers' social capital and the sustainability of yellow corn farming in Wakadia Village, Watopute Subdistrict, Muna Regency. The study population consisted of all yellow corn farmers in Wakadia Village, Watopute Subdistrict, Muna Regency, comprising a total of 103 households. The number of samples was determined using the Slovin formula with a 10% error margin, resulting in a sample size of 51 respondents. The sampling technique employed was simple random sampling. The data collection techniques employed included surveys, interviews, and document analysis, with data collected using questionnaires. This study employs two variables: social capital, comprising trust, participation, networks, and social norms, and farm sustainability, encompassing economic, social, and environmental sustainability. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis using a class interval formula and a Rank Spearman correlation formula. The findings indicate that the social capital of farmers engaged in yellow corn farming in Wakadia Village, Watopute Subdistrict, Muna Regency is in an optimal category, suggesting that their social capital is capable of sustaining yellow corn farming over the long term. The sustainability of yellow corn farming in Wakadia Village is sufficient, indicating that farmers have implemented business sustainability indicators but still require improvement. There is a significant and positive relationship between farmers' social capital and yellow maize business sustainability in Wakadia Village.
FUNGSI KELOMPOK TANI DAN PENGGUNAAN SARANA PRODUKSI DALAM KEGIATAN USAHATANI JAGUNG DI DESA AMBESEA KECAMATAN LAEYA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Pito Yusrin , Nikoyan Anas , Hamzah Awaluddin
Published: October 2024

Farming in Ambesea Village still relies heavily on traditional methods passed down from generation to generation, from land cultivation to harvest. Corn farming in this village has not been carried out optimally due to farmers' limited knowledge, which has resulted in low corn production results. This research aims to evaluate the function of farmer groups and the use of production facilities in corn farming in Ambesea Village, Laeya District, South Konawe Regency. A total of 12 informants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed qualitatively through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that farmer groups function as learning classes, with meetings that show member activities; as a vehicle for cooperation, with active cooperation between members; and as a production unit that provides agricultural production facilities. The use of production facilities in corn farming shows that farmers utilize all available facilities in their activities.
METHODOLOGY FOR REFINING DIGITAL RELIEF MODELS OF OPEN-PIT MINE WORKINGS BASED ON LASER SCANNING AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors:   Saint Petersburg mining university, VALKOV Vyacheslav , VALKOVA Evgeniia ,   Saint Petersburg mining university, MUSTAFIN Murat ,   Saint Petersburg mining university
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of research on the refinement of digital terrain models using point clouds obtained during lidar surveys or based on aerial photography from unmanned aircraft. It is established that when modeling various forms only on the basis of a set of key points, ambiguity may arise. It is determined that when using TIN models to clarify the position of the faces, it is advisable to use redundant points of the «ground» class. The variants of the implementation of approaches using the least squares method are shown. Their effectiveness and expediency are revealed on specific examples. The results of the research can be useful in work related to digital terrain modeling, including in relation to open-pit mining.
TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE EFFECTIVE INVOLVEMENT OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS OF CARBONATE ROCK DEPOSITS
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, PTASHNIK YU. P. , PTASHNIK A. I. ,   LLC «UK «NOK GROUP», KOSOLAPOV A. I. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of studies of an effective technology for the development of elongated deposits of carbonate rocks, the novelty of which lies in the sequence of combined opening of the deposit, combined with the features of the separation of cargo flows of overburden rocks and minerals, as well as in the placement of primary processing facilities in the area of the worked-out space of the quarry and underground workings, together ensuring a reduction in the average coefficient of overburden and the earth capacity of open mining operations. It is proved that by varying the depth of the concentration horizon in the established technological corridor, depending on the deterministic group of the quarry, it is possible to achieve a reduction in the level of total operating costs up to 7.5%, which for large deposits amounts to tens of billions of rubles. The results of the research can be useful in substantiating the technology of the development of a deposit of carbonate rocks.
RESULTS OF MONITORING OF MODERN DEFORMATION PROCESSES BY METHODS OF HIGH-PRECISION GEODESY AT THE YAMBURG GEODYNAMIC POLYGON
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences West Siberian Branch, VOLKOV Oleg Viktorovich ,   «Gazprom Dobycha Yamburg», VASILIEV Yuri Vladimirovich ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences West Siberian Branch, INOZEMTSEV Dmitry Pavlovich
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of surveying and geodetic studies of modern deformation processes on the territory of the Yamburg oil and gas condensate field. The technogenic influence of the development on the formation of vertical shifts of observation points of the geodynamic polygon has been established. It is determined that the greatest subsidence is confined to the areas of maximum sampling and falling reservoir pressures in the area of the combined contours of the Cenomanian and Neocomian. It is shown that there is a tendency of subsidence of the earth's surface over the mined area of the deposit. It was revealed that a comparative analysis of the results of geodynamic monitoring: satellite observations, geological and commercial indicators of the field development allowed to determine the local subsidence zone in the northern part of the field. The results of the research can be useful for surveying services of oil and gas fields when performing geodynamic monitoring.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF ARTIFICIALLY CREATED PHYTOCOENOSIS USING SEWAGE SLUDGE
Authors:   N.A. Avrorin Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute, SHMAKOVA Natalya Jurevna , IVANOVA Lyubov Andreevna ,   N.A. Avrorin Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute, ERMOLAEVA Olga Vladimirovna ,   N.A. Avrorin Polar Alpine Botanical Garden Institute, LUSIS Adelina Vadimovna
Published: October 2024

The results of studies on the use of sewage sludge (SS) as an unconventional chemical meliorant for the formation of antierosion vegetation cover on sand pits of technogenic origin are presented. Two variants of applying SS on the surface of the technogrunt were studied: 1 - fragmentally with a layer of 2-3 cm, 2 - with a continuous layer of 5-10 cm. In experimental variants with SS, the indicators of biological productivity for the 4th year of life were greater than in the control: plant height - by 3,5-4,5 times; reserves of aboveground phytomass - by 29 and 56 times. It is shown that long-term SS, which has undergone the processes of humification and leaching, is a promising and inexpensive meliorant suitable for increasing the fertility of sandy industrial soil and creating highly productive stable phytocenoses on them. Festuca rubra L. (the dominant species of perennial grasses) was chosen to assess the degree of SS influence on the state of artificially created phytocenoses. The efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus (FA) of this species was estimated by the following informative indicators: the content of plastid pigments, the intensity of photosynthesis, and the chlorophyll index. It was revealed that the highest absolute indicators of aboveground phytomass and chlorophyll content are typical for plants in the experimental variant with continuous application of SS. However, the calculated indicators of the efficiency of the FA showed that the productivity of the chlorophyll unit is higher in the experimental variant with fragmentary application of SS. The maximum values of the FA performance indicators of Festuca rubra in the experimental variants were noted in the first half of the growing season. At the end of the season, due to the strong thickening of the cover and changes in the light regime, a sharp decrease in the photosynthetic activity of assimilating organs was noted. Thus, the state of artificially created stable phytocenoses, based on the estimate of photosynthetic productivity, confirms the most promising use of fragmentary application of SS during restoration activities.