bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transparent glass‐ceramics in the TeO2–InF3 system
Authors: Piotrowski Rémi , Benchorfi Hasnaa , Laval Jean‐Paul , Duclère Jean‐René , Genevois Cécile , Carles Pierre , Chenu Sébastien , Colas Maggy , Cornette Julie , Thomas Philippe , Delaizir Gaëlle
Published: April 2022

A crystallization study of the TeO2–InF3 glass system shows that the specific glass composition 75TeO2–25InF3 stabilizes a novel cubic anti‐glass phase within the glass matrix upon heat treatment. This peculiar crystalline phase also called “glass of anions” exhibits an interesting order/disorder coexistence, that is, a long‐range cation order but with a highly disordered anion sublattice. The thermal properties, structure and microstructure of the parent glass and corresponding glass‐ceramics have been studied. Finally, the luminescence of Yb3+‐doped glass‐ceramics has been characterized, which confirmed the presence of the disordered anti‐glass phase.
Sensory description of gluten‐free bread using rapid sensory methodologies
Authors: Iwamura Lucas Shinti , Tridapalli Luiza Pelinson , Cardoso Flávia Aparecida Reitz , Droval Adriana Aparecida , Marques Leila Larisa Medeiros , Fuchs Renata Hernandez Barros
Published: April 2022

This paper describes the sensory profile of gluten‐free bread prepared with teff, sorghum and yacon flours, using Check‐All‐That‐Apply (CATA) and Just‐About‐Right (JAR) methods. The sorghum flour bread was characterised by porosity, reddish colour, bread and yeast aroma, crust hardness, floury and sour aroma, and unpleasant consistency. The teff flour bread was characterised by floury flavour, salty taste, grittiness and cereal aroma. The flavour attributes of both products were judged as ideal. The yacon flour bread was characterised as sweet aroma, softness, rubbery, unpleasant taste, chewiness, moistness, adhesiveness and bitterness. The attribute sweet taste was considered beyond the ideal and salty taste below the ideal. The flour‐mixed formulation was characterised by a pleasant aroma, chewiness and springiness. The attributes salty taste, sweet taste and softness were considered ideal. The mixture of these flours contributes to obtaining gluten‐free bread with better sensory characteristics than when using these flours alone.
Fenofibrate, which reduces risk of sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes, is associated with early narrowing of retinal venules: a FIELD trial substudy
Authors: Quinn Nicola , Januszewski Andrzej S. , Brazionis Laima , O'Connell Rachel , Aryal Nanda , O'Day Justin , Scott Russell , Mitchell Paul , Jenkins Alicia J. , Keech Anthony C. ,   FIELD Trial Study Group
Published: April 2022

Retinal vessel calibre metrics were evaluated at baseline and 2 years in a FIELD substudy (n = 208). Central retinal venule calibre was significantly reduced by fenofibrate and unchanged by placebo. Arteriole metrics did not change. Larger studies relating retinal vessel calibre to future diabetes complications and response to therapy are merited.
Reducing social distance caused by weight stigma: Nostalgia changes behavior toward overweight individuals
Authors: Turner Rhiannon , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine
Published: April 2022

Weight stigma, a negative attitude toward the overweight, can lead to discriminatory practices, as well as increase overweight individuals' vulnerability to depression, anxiety, and low self‐esteem. We propose that a nostalgia induction can attenuate weight stigma. Participants identified an overweight individual, before writing about an interpersonal encounter with that individual, characterized by either central (e.g., “keepsakes” and “childhood”) or peripheral (e.g., “wishing” and “daydreaming”) features of the construct “nostalgia.” Participants who recalled a central (vs. peripheral) nostalgic encounter reported more positive feelings and beliefs toward overweight individuals in general. Moreover, nostalgia influenced behavior: Nostalgic (vs. control) participants reduced their social distance when anticipating an interaction with an overweight individual. The effect of nostalgia on all three outcomes (i.e., positive feelings, beliefs, and behavior) was mediated by greater social connectedness, which in turn was associated with higher inclusion of the outgroup in the self and increased outgroup trust.
Effect of Glut‐1 and HIF‐1α double knockout by CRISPR/CAS9 on radiosensitivity in laryngeal carcinoma via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Bao Yang‐Yang , Zhong Jiang‐Tao , Shen Li‐Fang , Dai Li‐Bo , Zhou Shui‐Hong , Fan Jun , Yao Hong‐Tian , Lu Zhong‐Jie
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Hypoxic resistance is the main obstacle to radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma. Our previous study indicated that hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) and glucose transporter 1 (Glut‐1) double knockout reduced tumour biological behaviour in laryngeal carcinoma cells. However, their radioresistance mechanism remains unclear. In this study, cell viability was determined by CCK8 assay. Glucose uptake capability was evaluated by measurement of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose radioactivity. A tumour xenograft model was established by subcutaneous injection of Tu212 cells. Tumour histopathology was determined by haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, and TUNEL assays. Signalling transduction was evaluated by Western blotting. We found that hypoxia induced radioresistance in Tu212 cells accompanied by increased glucose uptake capability and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR activity abolished hypoxia‐induced radioresistance and glucose absorption. Mechanistic analysis revealed that hypoxia promoted higher expressions of HIF‐1α and Glut‐1. Moreover, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was a positive mediator of HIF‐1α and/or Glut‐1 in the presence of irradiation. HIF‐1α and/or Glut‐1 knockout significantly reduced cell viability, glucose uptake and PI3K/Akt/mTOR activity, all of which were induced by hypoxia in the presence of irradiation. In vivo analysis showed that knockout of HIF‐1α and/or Glut‐1 also inhibited tumour growth by promoting cell apoptosis, more robustly compared with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, particularly in tumours with knockout of both HIF‐1α and Glut‐1. HIF‐1α and/or Glut‐1 knockout also abrogated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling transduction in tumour tissues, in a manner similar to wortmannin. HIF‐1α and/or Glut‐1 knockout facilitated radiosensitivity in laryngeal carcinoma Tu212 cells by regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Effectiveness and safety of Danmu extract syrup for acute upper respiratory tract infection in children: A real‐world, prospective cohort study
Authors: Zeng Linan , Li Hailong , Zhang Chuan , Kang Deying , Liu Guanjian , Li Xihong , Chen Lina , Zeng Min , Huang Liang , Xu Peipei , Feng Shiyin , Yu Qin , Liu Hanmin , Zhang Lingli
Published: April 2022

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Danmu Extract Syrup for the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURI) in children.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled children with AURI in the pediatric outpatient department and emergency department of West China Second Hospital. According to the treatment, they were divided into two groups: Danmu Extract Syrup Group (Danmu Group) and Xiaoer Chiqiao Granule Group (Chiqiao Group). The primary outcome was time to symptom remission, and the secondary outcomes were defervescence time, relief time, admission rate, and adherence. We used restricted mean survival time (RMST) to quantify the treatment effects and test noninferiority for primary outcome. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust confounding. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to verify the robustness of results.

Results

We enrolled 1036 children with AURI, including 516 in Danmu Group and 520 in Chiqiao Group. After PSM, no significant difference was observed in the baseline characteristics of the two groups. The primary results showed that the RMST difference was –3 h (95% CI: –15.1 to 9.1) and the upper limit of the 95% CI was less than the noninferiority margin of 11 h. There was no statistical difference in the secondary outcomes except for defervescence between the two groups. The results of safety analysis showed that the incidence of adverse events occurred is 4.1% in Danmu Group, which was lower than the incidence of Chiqiao Group (6.9%).

Conclusion

This study indicated that Danmu extract syrup is noninferiority to Chiqiao Granule for AURI in children.
Appellate court assignments as a natural experiment: Gender panel effects in sex discrimination cases
Authors: Erikson Robert S.
Published: April 2022

This paper argues that estimating causal effects on US Appellate Court panels can be advanced by analyzing the data as a series of natural experiments, fully exploiting the as‐if random assignment of judges to cases. As a template, this paper reanalyzes Boyd et al.'s data on sex‐discrimination cases. The question is the impact on the votes by male judges from having a female judge on their panel. Leverage from as‐if random assignment can be exploited only by restricting comparisons of treatments cases (in the example, female co‐panelist) exclusively to control cases (all‐male panels) from the same period and time period from which the treatment cases are drawn. With as‐if random assignment reducing the possibility of a biased estimate, the results confirms a gender panel effect similar in size to the claim by Boyd et al. Restricting comparisons to within the same circuit and time period further advances understanding of the causal mechanism. When male or female judges side with female plaintiffs, the females are more persuasive at swaying the votes of their male co‐panelists' votes.
Aging biomarkers: Potential mediators of association between long‐term ozone exposure and risk of atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Ruiying , Chen Gongbo , Liu Xiaotian , Pan Mingming , Kang Ning , Hou Xiaoyu , Liao Wei , Dong Xiaokang , Yuchi Yinghao , Mao Zhenxing , Huo Wenqian , Wang Xian , Guo Yuming , Li Shanshan , Hou Jian , Wang Chongjian
Published: April 2022

Background

Long‐term exposure to ambient ozone links to aging biomarkers and increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, the roles of aging biomarkers in the association of long‐term exposure to ambient ozone with ASCVD are unclear.

Methods

A total of 5298 participants completed the questionnaire and physical examination and provided biological specimens. Aging biomarkers (telomere length [TL] and mitochondrial copy number [mtDNA‐CN]) were measured by using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction method. The concentration of ambient ozone was assessed using a random forest model. Associations of ambient ozone or aging biomarkers with 10‐year ASCVD risk were analyzed using logistic regression models. The roles of aging biomarkers in the association of ambient ozone exposure with 10‐year ASCVD risk were explored by mediation analysis.

Results

The adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of high 10‐year ASCVD risk were 1.16 (1.08, 1.25), 0.71 (0.60, 0.85), and 0.78 (0.64, 0.96) in association with each 1‐unit increment in ambient ozone (1 μg/m3) concentration, relative TL, and mtDNA‐CN, respectively. The mediated proportion of the association between ambient ozone exposure and high 10‐year ASCVD risk by TL or mtDNA‐CN was 21.13% or 7.75%, respectively. The total proportion of association between ambient ozone exposure and high 10‐year ASCVD risk mediated by TL plus mtDNA‐CN was 21.02%.

Conclusions

Long‐term exposure to ambient ozone was associated with increased 10‐year ASCVD risk, and the association was partially mediated by aging biomarkers (shortened TL and decreased mtDNA‐CN). This study indicated that ambient ozone pollution–related ASCVD risk might be partially explained by the telomere–mitochondrial axis of aging.
A fully radiopaque hybrid stent retriever versus a precursor device: Outcome, efficacy, and safety in large vessel stroke
Authors: Weiss Daniel , Kabbasch Christoph , Lichtenstein Thorsten , Turowski Bernd , Kaschner Marius
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose

The aim of this multicenter study was to compare the clinical outcome, safety, and efficacy of the full‐length radiopaque Aperio Hybrid stent retriever (APH) with the precursor Aperio thrombectomy device (AP).

Methods

Multicentric retrospective analysis of patients with stroke, treated with the APH and AP due to an acute ischemic stroke by large vessel occlusions in the anterior or posterior circulation, was performed. We focused on the comparison of favorable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0‐2) after 3 months, favorable reperfusion rates (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scale ≥ 2b), and the complication rate.

Results

A total of 51 patients (female: n = 33, 64.7%, mean age 73 ± 16 years) with a median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: 15 were treated with the APH or AP. Favorable outcome in patients treated with APH was excellent (44.0%) and comparable to the AP (36.8%). The rate of final favorable reperfusion for both devices was outstanding (APH 31/31 and AP 20/20). The overall complication rate for the APH was slightly higher compared to the AP (32.3%/15.0%). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was recorded in 0 of 51 cases. The all‐cause mortality rate at 90 days was 20.0% for the APH and comparable for the AP (21.1%).

Conclusions

Comparable clinical outcome, efficacy, and safety of the AP and the recently introduced APH were demonstrated. Both devices appeared feasible, efficient, and safe with regard to endovascular treatment in large vessel occlusion.
Translation and linguistic validation of the DISABKIDS chronic generic module into simplified Chinese (DCGM‐37) for use among children with cancer
Authors: Alelayan Hasan , Liang Lizhu , Ye Rui , Aldosari Nasser , Liao Xiaoyan
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To develop a simplified Chinese version of the DISABKIDS chronic generic module‐37 (DCGM‐37), and to test the translated measures in children with cancer by employing a cognitive interviewing technique.

Design and Methods

The English version of DCGM‐37 was translated forward and backward into simplified Chinese by bilingual translators, following the guidelines from its copyright holders, which also involved a cultural adaptation component. Twelve Chinese children aged 8–18 years and eight parents were cognitively interviewed.

Results

The findings support the relevance, comprehensibility, and efficacy of the Chinese version. Consideration was given, and improvements were made, to the language, cultural concerns, and content, which improved functionality and increased validation. The patients/caregivers understood the instructions, questions, and answer choices. Some revisions, however, were made to address patient/caregiver feedback obtained through cognitive interviews. Conceptually and semantically, the simplified Chinese version of the DCGM‐37 version was identical to the original. Conclusions The simplified Chinese version of the DCGM‐37 was semantically and conceptually equivalent to the English version. Chinese children aged 8 to 18 years were able to comprehend this instrument.

Conclusions

The simplified Chinese version of the DCGM‐37 was semantically and conceptually equivalent to the English version. Chinese children aged 8 to 18 years were able to comprehend this instrument and express their experiences and feelings about their life.

Practice Implications

The simplified Chinese version of the DCGM‐37 was translated, and cross‐cultural adaptation and validation were performed. Chinese children found the tool easy to use and were able to express their experiences and feelings about their health‐related quality of life.
Rapid eye movement sleep apnea and carotid intima thickness in men and women: a SHE‐MUSTACHE cohort study
Authors: Ljunggren Mirjam , Naessén Tord , Theorell‐Haglöw Jenny , Franklin Karl A. , Lindberg Eva
Published: April 2022

Rapid eye movement (REM) obstructive sleep apnea might be particularly harmful to the cardiovascular system. We aimed to investigate the association between sleep apnea during REM sleep and signs of atherosclerotic disease in the form of carotid intima thickness in a community‐based sample of men and women and possible sex differences in this association. The association between sleep apnea during REM sleep and intima thickness was analysed cross‐sectionally in women from the community‐based “Sleep and Health in Women” (SHE) study (n = 253) and age‐ and body mass index (BMI)‐matched men from the “Men in Uppsala; a Study of sleep, Apnea and Cardiometabolic Health” (MUSTACHE) study (n = 338). Confounders adjusted for were age, BMI, gender, alcohol, and smoking. All participants underwent a full‐night polysomnography, high‐resolution ultrasonography of the common carotid artery, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, and answered questionnaires. There was an association between sleep apnea during REM sleep and thicker carotid intima that remained after adjustment for confounding (adjusted β = 0.008, p = 0.032). The intima was increased by 9.9% in the group with severe sleep apnea during REM sleep, and this association between severe sleep apnea during REM sleep and increased intima thickness remained after adjustment for confounders (adjusted β = 0.043, p = 0.021). More women than men had severe sleep apnea during REM sleep; moreover, in sex‐stratified analyses, the association between sleep apnea during REM sleep and intima thickness was found in women but not in men. We conclude that severe REM sleep apnea is independently associated with signs of atherosclerosis. When stratified by sex, the association is seen in women but not in men.
The role of aquafeeds in abalone nutrition and health: A comprehensive review
Authors: Bullon Natalia , Seyfoddin Ali , Alfaro Andrea C.
Published: April 2022

Overpopulation and the pressure on land‐based resources have driven the aquaculture sector to increase its production since the 1980s. To address such demands, new aquafeed technologies have been developed relying on natural and artificial ingredients that are commercially viable. In addition, current global sustainable initiatives require feed technologies to reduce the pressure on limited wild fisheries and minimize negative environmental effects. Although there are numerous studies on abalone nutrition, most tend to focus on animal growth and nutrient utilization. A more holistic research approach to ensure a sustainable future for this industry will require the development of feeds that provide integrated nutrition and health benefits. In this review, we aim to synthesize the most recent scientific literature on the nutritional and health benefits and shortcomings of two main abalone feeding approaches (seaweed and formulated feeds) within aquaculture production practices. We also identify major research gaps and future directions for the development of sustainable abalone feeds.
Cross‐Sectional Association Between Level of School Sports and Different Cognitive Parameters in Schoolchildren, Considering Multiple Covariates
Authors: Drozdowska Alina , Jendrusch Gernot , Platen Petra , Lücke Thomas , Kersting Mathilde , Sinningen Kathrin
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between specified levels of physical education (PE) at school and different parameters of cognition in boys and girls, considering potential covariates. Baseline data from a crossover nutrition intervention study were used for a secondary analysis of 247 schoolchildren (37% girls). Participants were children from the fifth and sixth grade with an “advanced” (5–6 hr) or “regular” (3 hr) level of PE a week, without random allocation. Using three computerized tasks, cognition data were collected under usual school conditions. An advanced level of PE at school was associated with better overall cognitive performance, specifically in response speed and accuracy when controlling for lunch conditions. Girls attending advanced‐PE classes showed the best performance. The potential covariates explained little about cognitive variability. Given the cognitive differences between boys and girls, future research is warranted to replicate these findings by measuring motor skills.
Clinical reasoning as midwifery: A Socratic model for shared decision making in person‐centred care
Authors: Gunby Julie D. , Lockhart Jennifer Ryan
Published: April 2022

Shared decision making has become the standard of care, yet there remains no consensus about how it should be conducted. Most accounts are concerned with threats to patient autonomy, and they address the dangers of a power imbalance by foregrounding the patient as a person whose complex preferences it is the practitioner's task to support. Other corrective models fear that this level of mutuality risks abdicating the practitioner's responsibilities as an expert, and they address that concern by recovering a nuanced but genuinely directive clinical role. Cribb and Entwistle helpfully categorize models of shared decision making as ‘narrower’ and ‘broader’ and praise the latter's ‘open‐ended and fully dialogical ways of relating’. However, they stop short of providing a philosophical account of how that dialogue works. In this paper, a nurse–midwife and a philosopher collaborate to argue that the Socratic model of dialogue offers a solution to the practitioner–patient dilemma. In the Theaetetus, Socrates compares dialogical reasoning to ‘midwifery with all its standard features’. By means of a three‐way analogy, elements of midwifery practice are used to illuminate features of Socrates' claim that his dialogue is like midwifery; those features are then translated into an approach to shared decision making as the ‘midwifery of good thinking’ which both midwives and physicians would do well to adopt. A key concept that emerges is the need for practitioners to make a risk‐confidence assessment of the particular content of any decision to appropriately modulate their role in the practice of shared decision making.
Second versus fourth generation of cryoballoon catheters: The 1STOP real‐world multicenter experience
Authors: Manfrin Massimiliano , Verlato Roberto , Arena Giuseppe , Pieragnoli Paolo , Molon Giulio , Tondo Claudio , Perego Giovanni Battista , Rovaris Giovanni , Sciarra Luigi , Mantica Massimo , Sacchi Riccardo , Ricciardi Danilo , Marini Massimiliano , Iacopino Saverio
Published: April 2022

Background

It has been observed that the fourth‐generation cryoballoon (CB4) ablation catheter increased the rate of acute real‐time recordings of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) during the ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this analysis was to compare the long‐term outcome results between patients treated with the CB4 and second‐generation cryoballoon (CB2).

Methods

In total, 492 patients suffering from AF, underwent PVI ablation with either the CB2 or CB4 catheter within this examination of the 1STOP real‐world Italian project and were included in the analysis. Specifically, 246 consecutive patients treated by CB4 were compared to 246 propensity‐matched control patients who underwent PVI using CB2.

Results

When comparing the patient cohorts treated with CB2 versus CB4, acute success rate (99.6 ± 4.7% vs. 99.7 ± 3.6%, p = .949) and peri‐procedural complications (3.7% vs.1.2%, p = .080) were similar in both groups, respectively. However, procedure time (100 vs.75 min, p < .001) and fluoroscopy duration (21 vs.17 min, p < .001) were all significantly lower in the CB4 treated patient cohort. At the 12‐month follow‐up, the freedom from AF recurrence after a 90‐day blanking period was significant higher in the CB4 as compared with the CB2 group (93.3% vs.81.3%, p < .001).

Conclusions

In summary, usage of the CB4 ablation catheter increased the rate of acute PVI recording capability and resulted in a higher rate of long‐term PVI success, as demonstrated by the reduced rate of AF recurrence in comparison to the CB2 cohort at the 12‐month follow‐up period.
Initial experience of left bundle branch pacing using the Abbott Agilis HisPro Catheter with stylet‐driven leads
Authors: Tay Julian Cheong Kiat , Lim Eric Tien Siang , Sim Evan Yih Shan , Chua Kelvin Chi Ming , Teo Hooi Khee , Lim Paul Chun Yih , Chong Daniel Thuan Tee , Ho Kah Leng , Ching Chi Keong , Tan Boon Yew
Published: April 2022

Aims

Conduction system pacing has gained steady interest over recent years. While the majority of tools and delivery techniques were developed for His bundle pacing (HBP), the feasibility and reproducibility of using these similar tools for left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) has yet to be determined. We describe our technique for performing LBBP using the Abbott Agilis HisPro™ Steerable Catheter.

Methods and results

A series of 22 patients with a mean age of 71.7 years (16 males, 72.7%), underwent LBBP procedure with this catheter between May and October 2021. Nineteen patients (86%) had successful LBBP lead implantation. There were no major complications or mortality.

Conclusion

The Agilis HisPro™ catheter along with the stylet driven Tendril STS Model 2088TC lead is a safe and feasible delivery system for LBBP.
Engaging stakeholders on TikTok: A multi‐level social media analysis of nonprofit Microvlogging
Authors: Wiley Kimberly , Schwoerer Kayla , Richardson Micayla , Espinosa Marlen Barajas
Published: April 2022

Nonprofits are slow adopters of new social media platforms, yet many have joined TikTok. Successful microvlogging on sites like TikTok, Instagram, and SnapChat requires different types of engagement than microblogging on sites like Facebook and Twitter. The authors conduct a mixed‐method social media analysis to answer three questions: Do microvlogs support traditional social media functions? How are nonprofits engaging with stakeholders through microvlogging? Which function in the hierarchy of engagement framework best engages stakeholders? The authors qualitatively coded 1160 microvlogs on TikTok from 58 nonprofits. The qualitative dataset was merged with TikTok metadata to capture quantitative measures of user engagement. Findings indicate nonprofits employ community‐building strategies more than information‐sharing and action strategies. Users engage more often with the nonprofits' community‐building microvlogs. The authors conclude that nonprofits adapt their strategy to more effectively engage stakeholders when microvlogging, which suggests there may be a “new hierarchy” of engagement for microvlogging platforms.
Trust and the appreciation of art
Authors: Abrahams Daniel , Kemp Gary
Published: April 2022

Does trust play a significant role in the appreciation of art? If so, how does it operate? We argue that it does, and that the mechanics of trust operate both at a general and a particular level. After outlining the general notion of ‘art‐trust’—the notion sketched is consistent with most notions of trust on the market—and considering certain objections to the model proposed, we consider specific examples to show in some detail that the experience of works of art, and the attribution of art‐relevant properties or characterisations to works of art, very often involves the notion of trust; in such cases—perhaps most or even, implicitly, all—the question ‘Do I trust the artist (or art‐maker)?’, is inescapable.
The ongoing impact of COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions on the cardio‐respiratory health of New Zealanders
Authors: Fairweather Sarah M. , Chang Catherina L. , Hancox Robert J.
Published: April 2022

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Marginal material or key data? Understanding community attitudes to a survey about domestic and family violence
Authors: MacPhail Catherine , Hanley Natalia , Simpson Helen
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This article examined “marginalia”—participants’ unsolicited additions to a survey conducted in regional Australia examining community attitudes to domestic and family violence.

Methods

Using mixed methods analysis, we examined whether there were any specific demographic or attitudinal characteristics associated with leaving marginalia on our survey. We used NVivo to thematically organize the types and content of marginalia provided by participants.

Results

We found that leaving marginalia on the survey instrument was not associated with specific demographic or attitudinal characteristics, thus making it challenging to determine the primary motivation for leaving such additions. Thematically, the marginalia were largely concerned with providing further explanation or questioning and correcting. A smaller group focused on communicating attitudes toward and experiences of domestic and family violence.

Conclusions

A minority of participants leave unrequested information on quantitative surveys. We suggest some further thoughts about the value of such data and how to manage it.
Leveraging MRI characterization of longitudinal tears of the deep digital flexor tendon in horses using machine learning
Authors: ELKhamary Ahmed N. , Keenihan Erin K. , Schnabel Lauren V. , Redding William R. , Schumacher Jim
Published: April 2022

While MRI is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of longitudinal tears (LTs) of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) of horses, differentiating between various grades of tears based on imaging characteristics is challenging due to overlapping imaging features. In this retrospective, exploratory, diagnostic accuracy study, a machine learning (ML) scheme was applied to link quantitative features and qualitative descriptors to leverage MRI characteristics of different grades of tearing of the DDFT of horses. A qualitative MRI characteristic scheme, combining tendon morphologic features, altered signal intensity, and synovial sheath distention, was used for LT classification with an excellent diagnostic accuracy of the high‐grade tears but more limited accuracy for the detection of low‐grade tears. A quantitative ML approach was followed to measure the contribution of 30 quantitative phenotypic features for characterizing and classifying tendinous tears. Among the 30 imaging features, boundary curvature represented by the standard deviation and maximum had the most significant discriminatory power (P < 0.05) between normal and abnormal tendons and could be used as an aid for classifying the different grades of LTs of DDFTs. Imaging analysis‐based 3D interactive surface plot supports qualitative characterization of different grades of LTs of the DDFT through clearer visualization of the tendon in three dimensions and simple integration of two perspectives features (i.e., margin/distribution and intensity/distribution). A systematic approach combining quantitative features with qualitative analyses using ML was diagnostically beneficial in MRI characterization and in discriminating between different grades of LTs of the DDFT of horses.
Watts in Store
Authors: Kosowatz John
Published: April 2022

Lithium-ion batteries are reliable and getting progressively cheaper, but generally deliver full power capacity for no more than four hours. But for renewable energy to fully replace fossil fuels, energy storage systems must advance to provide long and longer-term storage capability, and then deliver it on demand. There are a variety of technologies being developed for long-term storage, generally recognized as six to 12 hours.
Made in New York
Authors: Zeldovich Lina
Published: April 2022

The eight digester towers at New York City's Newtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant seamlessly convert sewage into biogas and a dirt-like output, similar to how Mother Nature would do it. At 145 feet high and 80 feet in diameter, each egg holds about 3 million gallons of sludge, converting it into 2 million cubic feet of gas every day.
Optimal Synthesis of Unconventional Links for Modular Reconfigurable Manipulators
Authors: Dogra Anubhav , Sekhar Padhee Srikant , Singla Ekta
Published: April 2022

Customization of manipulators having unconventional parameters and link shapes have gained attention to accomplish nonrepetitive tasks in a given cluttered environment. Adaptive modular and reconfigurable designs are being used to achieve customization and have provided time and cost-effective solutions. Major challenges are associated to provide the systematic approach on the design and realization of modular components considering connectivity and integration. This article focuses on the architectural synthesis of the modular links, optimized with respect to the dynamic torques while following a prescribed set of trajectories. The design methodology is proposed as an Architecture Prominent Sectioning−k strategy, which assumes a modular link as an equivalent system of k number of point masses, performing optimization to minimize the joint torques and map the resulting re-adjusted point masses into a possible architecture. The proposed strategy is general and can be applied to planar or spatial manipulators with n−DoF even with nonparallel and nonperpendicular jointed configurations. The design of optimal curved links is realized resulting from the optimized solution considering the dynamics of the modular configurations over primitive trajectories. The proposed modular library of unconventional curved link modules with joint modules have shown lesser requirement of the joint torques compared to the conventional straight links.
Decreases in Performance Observed After COVID-19 Infection in High School Female Soccer Players
Authors: Wilson Andrew , Carlson Lynette M. , Norton Colton , Bruce W. David
Published: April 2022

This case report retrospectively reviewed competition sprinting performances by a cohort of eight female high school soccer players before and after the incidence of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Performances were split into COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative groups, and metrics were collected using a global positioning system for each player during each game. An apparent decrease of 21.13% was found in the COVID-19-positive group’s performances in distance sprinted per game in contrast to an increase of 8.43% for the COVID-19-negative group’s performances. Results suggest patient-athletes experience decreases in intense sprinting performances following COVID-19 infection.
Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population: Development and Methods
Authors: Marinho Tenório Maria Cecília , Coelho-Ravagnani Christianne , Umpierre Daniel , Andrade Douglas Roque , Autran Roseanne , de Barros Mauro Virgilio Gomes , Benedetti Tânia R. Bertoldo , Cavalcante Fabiana Vieira Santos Azevedo , Cyrino Edilson Serpeloni , Dumith Samuel Carvalho , Florindo Alex Antonio , Garcia Leandro Martin Totaro , Mielke Grégore Iven , Ritti-Dias Raphael Mendes , Magalhães Lorena Lima , Sandreschi Paula Fabricio , Manta Sofia Wolker , da Silva Juliana Rezende Melo , da Silva Kelly Samara , Siqueira Fernando Carlos Vinholes , Hallal Pedro Curi , _ _
Published: April 2022

Background: This article describes the process and methods used in the development of the first ever Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. Methods: The steering committee established 8 working groups based on other guidelines and the Brazilian agenda for public health and physical activity (PA) promotion: (1) understanding PA; (2) children up to 5 years; (3) children and youth (6–17 y); (4) adults; (5) older adults (60 years and above); (6) physical education at school; (7) pregnant and postpartum women; and (8) people with disabilities. Working groups were formed to (1) synthesize the literature on each topic; (2) conduct workshops with stakeholders, health professionals, researchers, and the public; and (3) prepare a draft chapter for open online consultation. Results: The document provides guidance for the population on the benefits of being active and recommendations regarding the amount (frequency, intensity, and duration) of PA recommended across all chapters. It also includes information on supporting networks for PA. Conclusions: The PA guidelines are widely accessible in Portuguese, including versions in English, Spanish, audiobook, and Braille, and will assist policy makers and professionals from several sectors to promote PA. The ultimate goal is to increase population levels of PA in Brazil.
Economies of Mourning, Canadian Nationalism, and the Broncos: An Affective Reading of TSN’s 29 Forever
Authors: Ali Adam Ehsan
Published: April 2022

On April 6, 2018, the Humboldt Broncos junior hockey team was traveling to a playoff game on a rural highway when their bus collided with a semitrailer truck, killing 16 people. The crash led to an unparalleled, nation-wide outpouring of mourning. The legacy of the crash has been sustained by media outlets such as The Sports Network, who released a documentary on the crash, 29 Forever. Through an affective reading of 29 Forever, this paper explores the processes by which the Humboldt bus crash came to be known and felt as a national tragedy, how the crash fits within larger practices of Canadian nation-making, and the role that hockey, emotion, and feelings play in these processes.
Learning motifs and their hierarchies in atomic resolution microscopy
Authors: Dan Jiadong , Zhao Xiaoxu , Ning Shoucong , Lu Jiong , Loh Kian Ping , He Qian , Loh N. Duane , Pennycook Stephen J.
Published: April 2022

Characterizing materials to atomic resolution and first-principles structure-property prediction are two pillars for accelerating functional materials discovery. However, we are still lacking a rapid, noise-robust framework to extract multilevel atomic structural motifs from complex materials to complement, inform, and guide our first-principles models. Here, we present a machine learning framework that rapidly extracts a hierarchy of complex structural motifs from atomically resolved images. We demonstrate how such motif hierarchies can rapidly reconstruct specimens with various defects. Abstracting complex specimens with simplified motifs enabled us to discover a previously unidentified structure in a Mo─V─Te─Nb polyoxometalate (POM) and quantify the relative disorder in a twisted bilayer MoS2. In addition, these motif hierarchies provide statistically grounded clues about the favored and frustrated pathways during self-assembly. The motifs and their hierarchies in our framework coarse-grain disorder in a manner that allows us to understand a much broader range of multiscale samples with functional imperfections and nontrivial topological phases.
An early Maya calendar record from San Bartolo, Guatemala
Authors: Stuart David , Hurst Heather , Beltrán Boris , Saturno William
Published: April 2022

Here, we present evidence for the earliest known calendar notation from the Maya region, found among fragments of painted murals excavated at San Bartolo, Guatemala. On the basis of their sealed contexts in an early architectural phase of the “Las Pinturas” pyramid, we assign these fragments to between 300 and 200 BCE, preceding the other well-known mural chamber of San Bartolo by approximately 150 years. The date record “7 Deer” represents a day in the 260-day divinatory calendar used throughout Mesoamerica and among indigenous Maya communities today. It is presented along with 10 other text fragments that reveal an established writing tradition, multiple scribal hands, and murals combining texts with images from an early ritual complex. The 7 Deer day record represents the earliest securely dated example of the Maya calendar and is important to understanding the development of the 260-day count and associated aspects of Mesoamerican religion and cosmological science.
Metabolically diverse primordial microbial communities in Earth’s oldest seafloor-hydrothermal jasper
Authors: Papineau Dominic , She Zhenbing , Dodd Matthew S. , Iacoviello Francesco , Slack John F. , Hauri Erik , Shearing Paul , Little Crispin T. S.
Published: April 2022

The oldest putative fossils occur as hematite filaments and tubes in jasper-carbonate banded iron formations from the 4280- to 3750-Ma Nuvvuagittuq Supracrustal Belt, Québec. If biological in origin, these filaments might have affinities with modern descendants; however, if abiotic, they could indicate complex prebiotic forms on early Earth. Here, we report images of centimeter-size, autochthonous hematite filaments that are pectinate-branching, parallel-aligned, undulated, and containing Fe
2+
-oxides. These microstructures are considered microfossils because of their mineral associations and resemblance to younger microfossils, modern Fe-bacteria from hydrothermal environments, and the experimental products of heated Fe-oxidizing bacteria. Additional clusters of irregular hematite ellipsoids could reflect abiotic processes of silicification, producing similar structures and thus yielding an uncertain origin. Millimeter-sized chalcopyrite grains within the jasper-carbonate rocks have
34
S- and
33
S-enrichments consistent with microbial S-disproportionation and an O
2
-poor atmosphere. Collectively, the observations suggest a diverse microbial ecosystem on the primordial Earth that may be common on other planetary bodies, including Mars.
Caveolae promote successful abscission by controlling intercellular bridge tension during cytokinesis
Authors: Andrade Virginia , Bai Jian , Gupta-Rossi Neetu , Jimenez Ana Joaquina , Delevoye Cédric , Lamaze Christophe , Echard Arnaud
Published: April 2022

During cytokinesis, the intercellular bridge (ICB) connecting the daughter cells experiences pulling forces, which delay abscission by preventing the assembly of the ESCRT scission machinery. Abscission is thus triggered by tension release, but how ICB tension is controlled is unknown. Here, we report that caveolae, which are known to regulate membrane tension upon mechanical stress in interphase cells, are located at the midbody, at the abscission site, and at the ICB/cell interface in dividing cells. Functionally, the loss of caveolae delays ESCRT-III recruitment during cytokinesis and impairs abscission. This is the consequence of a twofold increase of ICB tension measured by laser ablation, associated with a local increase in myosin II activity at the ICB/cell interface. We thus propose that caveolae buffer membrane tension and limit contractibility at the ICB to promote ESCRT-III assembly and cytokinetic abscission. Together, this work reveals an unexpected connection between caveolae and the ESCRT machinery and the first role of caveolae in cell division.
Spontaneous and rapid electro-actuated snapping of constrained polyelectrolyte hydrogels
Authors: Li Chen Yu , Zheng Si Yu , Hao Xing Peng , Hong Wei , Zheng Qiang , Wu Zi Liang
Published: April 2022

Venus flytrap and bladderwort, capable of rapid predation through a snapping transition, have inspired various designs of soft actuators and robots with fast actions. These designs, in contrast to their natural counterparts, often require a direct force or pressurization. Here, we report a bistable domal hydrogel structure capable of spontaneous and reversible snapping under an electric field. Unlike a mechanical force, the electric field does not drive the gel directly. Instead, it redistributes mobile ions that direct the migration of water molecules and bends the polyelectrolyte hydrogel. Subject to constraint from surrounding neutral gel, the elastic energy accumulates until suddenly released by snapping, just like the process in natural organisms. Several proof-of-concept examples, including an optical switch, a speedy catcher, and a pulse pump, are designed to demonstrate the versatile functionalities of this unit capable of articulate motion. This work should bring opportunities to devise soft robotics, biomedical devices, etc.
Plus and minus ends of microtubules respond asymmetrically to kinesin binding by a long-range directionally driven allosteric mechanism
Authors: Vu Huong T. , Zhang Zhechun , Tehver Riina , Thirumalai D.
Published: April 2022

Although it is known that majority of kinesin motors walk predominantly toward the plus end of microtubules (MTs) in a hand-over-hand manner, the structural origin of the stepping directionality is not understood. To resolve this issue, we modeled the structures of kinesin-1 (Kin1), MT, and the Kin1-MT complex using the elastic network model and calculated the residue-dependent responses to a local perturbation in the constructs. Kin1 binding elicits an asymmetric response that is pronounced in α/β-tubulin dimers in the plus end of the MT. Kin1 opens the clefts of multiple plus end α/β-tubulin dimers, creating binding-competent conformations, which is required for processivity. Reciprocally, MT induces correlations between switches I and II in the motor and enhances fluctuations in adenosine 5′-diphosphate and the residues in the binding pocket. Our findings explain both the directionality of stepping and MT effects on a key step in the catalytic cycle of kinesin.
Oxygen activation on Ba-containing perovskite materials
Authors: Zhu Yue , Liu Dongdong , Jing Huijuan , Zhang Fei , Zhang Xiaoben , Hu Shiqing , Zhang Liming , Wang Jingyi , Zhang Lixiao , Zhang Wenhao , Pang Bingjie , Zhang Peng , Fan Fengtao , Xiao Jianping , Liu Wei , Zhu Xuefeng , Yang Weishen
Published: April 2022

Oxygen activation, including oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is at the heart of many important energy conversion processes. However, the activation mechanism of Ba-containing perovskite materials is still ambiguous, because of the complex four-electron transfer process on the gas-solid interfaces. Here, we directly observe that BaO and BaO
2
segregated on Ba-containing material surface participate in the oxygen activation process via the formation and decomposition of BaO
2
. Tens of times of increase in catalytic activities was achieved by introducing barium oxides in the traditional perovskite and inert Au electrodes, indicating that barium oxides are critical for oxygen activation. We find that BaO and BaO
2
are more active than the B-site of perovskite for ORR and OER, respectively, and closely related to the high activity of Ba-containing perovskite.
A developmentally programmed splicing failure contributes to DNA damage response attenuation during mammalian zygotic genome activation
Authors: Wyatt Christopher D. R. , Pernaute Barbara , Gohr André , Miret-Cuesta Marta , Goyeneche Lucia , Rovira Quirze , Salzer Marion C. , Boke Elvan , Bogdanovic Ozren , Bonnal Sophie , Irimia Manuel
Published: April 2022

Transition from maternal to embryonic transcriptional control is crucial for embryogenesis. However, alternative splicing regulation during this process remains understudied. Using transcriptomic data from human, mouse, and cow preimplantation development, we show that the stage of zygotic genome activation (ZGA) exhibits the highest levels of exon skipping diversity reported for any cell or tissue type. Much of this exon skipping is temporary, leads to disruptive noncanonical isoforms, and occurs in genes enriched for DNA damage response in the three species. Two core spliceosomal components,
Snrpb
and
Snrpd2
, regulate these patterns. These genes have low maternal expression at ZGA and increase sharply thereafter. Microinjection of
Snrpb/d2
messenger RNA into mouse zygotes reduces the levels of exon skipping at ZGA and leads to increased p53-mediated DNA damage response. We propose that mammalian embryos undergo an evolutionarily conserved, developmentally programmed splicing failure at ZGA that contributes to the attenuation of cellular responses to DNA damage.
Co-bots get the good jobs while workers get a human-robot interaction nightmare
Authors: Murphy Robin R.
Published: April 2022

The Warehouse: A Novel
by Rob Hart is reviewed.