bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERM CHOICE: WHICH GOVERNORS AND WHY DO LOCAL ELITES AND EXPERTS PREFER?
Authors:   Institute of sociology ‒ branch of the Federal Center of theoretical and applied sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chirikova A. E.
Published: November 2023

The article examines the performance assessments of the governors of the Perm region by its regional and municipal elites from 2005 to 2022. Particular attention is paid to a comparative analysis of governors who originated from other regions and local figures, including those who have a federal background. The analysis is based on interviews with experts and local elites, conducted by the author in different years (in 2011, 2018, 2020, 2022; a total of 62 interviews). The interviews are complemented by media publications, which make it possible to consolidate the assessments of governors by external experts. The main conclusion from the analysis is that the governor's local origin continues to play a significant role for local elites, yet over time their views are becoming increasingly pragmatic. Today, they care not only about the origin and socialization of the governor in the region, but also about his ability to establish contacts with the Moscow elite and to build a conflict-free relationship with the key figures in the region and elite groups. For the population, on the contrary, the factor of local origin continues to be the most significant one in assessing the performance of the governor.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN RUSSIA AS A FLUCTUATING POLITICAL REALITY (DEDICATED TO THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BY THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)
Authors:   Surgut state University, Martynov M. Y.
Published: November 2023

The article discusses the prerequisites for the inclusion of an article on local government in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993. The study shows that at the time there were no objective prerequisites for the formation of local government in Russia in a radical form of local government bodies operating outside from the system of state authorities. Such a scenario was not considered in public discourse up till 1993. It emerged reactively in the context of a political confrontation between the Supreme Soviet and the presidential government in 1993. Soviet officials, in charge of local administrations during the collapse of the Soviet system of power, were the political force interested in such a radical move. In exchange for political support, the presidential draft of the constitution included a clause stating that local authorities are not part of the system of public administration. After political struggles get resolved, the need for the institution of local government disappears. Similar cases in Russian history were also caused by situational political reasons. Hence it is possible to talk about cases of local government emergence in Russia as a special fluctuating political reality. There are limits to institutional methodology, which absolutizes the role of institutions in solving problems of social development.
ACOUSTIC METHODS FOR MEASURING THE THICKNESS OF DEPOSITS ON THE INNER WALL OF PIPELINES
Authors: Suslov A.V. , Yaroslavkina E.E.
Published: November 2023

Wax deposits on the inner walls of pipelines and technological equipment are a serious problem in the petroleum industry. This is not a new problem and it appeared at the dawn of oil production, but it still remains relevant, especially today, when most of petroleum fields are moving to a late stage of their development. Wax deposits lead to complications in the transportation of petroleum products, which leads to economic losses, and deposits can also cause equipment failure.For timely planning and implementation of treatment activities, information on the current thickness of wax deposits is required. However, there is currently no simple and effective method for measuring thickness of deposits.The paper considers the existing acoustic methods for measuring the thickness of deposits: through-transmission method, echo-method andmethod based on attenuation of acoustic signal. Experimental studies were carried out to determine the applicability of the proposed methods. An analysis of the literature was carried out and we proposed a new method for measuring the thickness of wax deposits, based on the analysis parameters of frequency of natural vibrations of the pipeline wall.An experimental study and computer modeling have been carried out, confirming the existence of a relationship between the resonant frequency of the pipeline wall oscillations and the thickness of the deposits. This dependence can be used as the basis for a new device for measuring the thickness of wax deposits.
ROLE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN DEVELOPMENT OF OIL AND GAS GENERATION PROCESSES IN UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIR ROCKS
Authors: Zakirov N.N. , Aleksandrov V.M. , Ponomarev A.A.
Published: November 2023

The specifics of the Bazhenov Formation sediments, which are fundamentally different from traditional Green River oil shales, is that the processes of organic matter (kerogen) transformation into hydrocarbons have not yet been completed in them. The achieved paleotemperatures allowed the studied sediments to enter the main phase of oil formation during the regional catagenetic transformation of kerogen, but they failed to realize their oil-maternal potential to the full extent. At present, there are several unsolved problems for these rocks, related both to the genesis of oil and to the search for commercial hydrocarbon deposits in them and the development of technologies for their further development. The processes of «proto-oil» formation in the Bazhenov Formation sediments are still poorly understood. In fact, these processes are a system of equations with many unknowns, the correct solution of which is still impossible at the current stage of study. In our opinion, an important role in the development of oil formation processes in the Earth’s subsurface is played by magnetic fields formed under the action of a number of reasons (in particular, during the development of numerous tectonic disturbances). Our laboratory experiments by gas chromatography showed that in bitumoids of the studied samples there is a progressive shift of the «naphthenic hump» associated with internal transformations in the magnetic field. As a result of these studies, a decrease in the naphthenic fraction of hydrocarbons in samples heated in a magnetic field was recorded compared to samples without exposure to a magnetic field. Significant differences were found in paired samples of most geochemical characteristics - n-C23/24, n-C25/26, n-C26/27, n-C29/30, OEP, CPI, naphthene sum. Taking into account the influence of electromagnetic fields on the development of oil and gas generation processes allows us to create a completely new technology of «maturation» of hydrocarbon compounds (proto-oil) directly in the oil-maternal sediments and the formation of «artificial/technogenic» oil deposits.
SELECTION OF DRILLING MUD TO PENETRATE COMPLICATED HORIZON S2V WATER INJECTION WELL AT NODA PRODUCTION SITE
Authors: Kazazyan M.G. , Parfenov K.V. , Bukin P.N.
Published: November 2023

Drilling wells under conditions of production from the S2V reservoir in the territory is a difficult task, which is associated with various technical and geological difficulties. These complications include increased well construction time and the potential for wellbore loss. The drilling process can disrupt the equilibrium of the rocks forming the walls of the well, especially in the case of complex clay formations. For successful drilling and risk minimization, special attention must be paid to the choice of drilling fluid and mud formulations. Various types of drilling fluids have been considered, including High Inhibition Systems (HPWBM) and Triple Inhibition Flushing Fluids, which contribute to improving drilling conditions in difficult geological conditions. Particular attention is paid to the drilling interval from 1650 to 2220 meters, which is represented by complex rocks, including limestones, mudstones and dolomitic areas with a porous structure. Potential problems such as caving, collapses, loss of drilling fluid, and differential sticking have been considered and mud formulations have been proposed to effectively combat these problems. To assess the impact of the solutions on the rocks, a study of the change in permeability of core samples was carried out using the permeability recovery factor. The results of the primary studies make it possible to make a preliminary conclusion on the compliance of the solution of smalllinous lime-inhibited with the necessary characteristics. Overall, this study highlights the importance of selecting the right mud formulations to ensure safe and efficient drilling of wells in challenging geological conditions.
The Role of Greek Merchants in Russian Foreign Trade in the XVIII Century
Authors: Chatztheodoridis Eleftherios , Toktamysov Saken
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to trading activities of Greek merchants in the Russian Empire in the XVIII century. The authors aim to determine the geography of supply chains and the product range, to give specific examples of foreign trade transactions of Greek merchants and to determine their profitability. The authors show the numerous risks and dangers that accompanied the trading activities of Greek merchants during the period in question, including fraud, robbery and armed attacks on caravans. Notably, the confessional affiliation of Greek entrepreneurs and their status as an ethnic "minority" may have had an ambivalent effect on their commercial activities. On the territory of the Ottoman Empire, this brought additional risks to their commercial activity. In the Russian Empire, by contrast, such factors could lead to economic and financial support of the Greek diaspora by the government. The Russian government also acted as arbitrator in resolving property disputes between Greek businessmen. The commercial and communicative skills of the Greek merchants enabled them to act as effective intermediaries in the Russian Empire's trade with countries of the East and contributed to creation of the Greek diaspora's positive image in Russian society. The activities of individual representatives of the Greek diaspora led to the introduction of technological innovations in their production processes.
General genotyping ofMyzus persicae using PCR with microsatellite markers and gel electrophoresis v2
Authors: M. Beekman Mariska
Published: November 2023

This protocol can be used to 'roughly' genotype green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), based on microsatellites using PCR and gel electrophoresis with high percentage agarose gels. Please note this protocol does not result in exact allele information as it uses gel-electrophoresis for allele identification and comparisons instead of capillary-electrophoresis. Therefore, allele sizes are judged by eye and thus results are prone to human error as differentiating between identical and different-length alleles might be a challenge. Microsatellites are regions in the genome with repeating DNA sequences. This protocol targets microsatellites with di-repeats, meaning they contain repeats of two different bases, for example GAGAGAGAGA. Due to slippage during DNA replications, the number of repeats in a microsatellite region can change over time at a rate higher than that of alternative regions in the genome. The number of repeats an organism has for a certain microsatellite region represents a specific allele. The allele sizes of multiple microsatellite regions can be determined to distinguish an organisms multi-locus genotype (MLG). Because M. persicae reproduces by parthenogenesis, you can use microsatellites to determine which aphids are clone-mates (aphids coming from the same parthenogenic ancestor), as these will have the same MLG. The microsatellite regions will be targeted with PCR. Alleles with more repeats will result in a larger PCR product. As larger PCR products travel slower through an agarose gel during gel-electrophoresis than smaller PCR products, the pattern of bands seen on the agarose gel will be unique for each unique allele. It is possible to target and amplify multiple microsatellite loci at the same time in multiplex PCR. This will result in more information in a single PCR reaction, but with a trade-off when too many markers are combined as the final result can become blurry or difficult to interpret. IMPORTANT: This protocol can be used to check if various samples of M. persicae have similar or distinct MLGs. This protocol on its own can not be used to assign a specific genotype to a sample.
Utilizing Natural Mucoadhesive Polymers for Development of Nanoparticle Based Cilnidipine Buccal Films
Authors: Mahallingan K. , Joshi Vedamurthy , Sreeharsha Nagaraja
Published: November 2023

The less oral bioavailability of Cilnidipine is primarily due to low solubility leads to reduced therapeutic efficacy. The study aimed to develop mucoadhesive buccal films to increase the bioavailability resulting in improved efficacy of this pooly soluble drug trough the buccal mucosa for the treatment of hypertension. Buccal films of Cilnidipine nanoparticles were developed by using different concentration of polymers such as HPMS K4M, HPMC K15M and Carbopol 934 by solvent casting technique. The developed films were characterized for the surface texture, thickness, surface pH, folding endurance, swelling index, content uniformity, mucoadhesive strength, moisture loss, moisture absorption, drug release, ex-vivo drug permeation and stability studies. F9 formulation was optimized as best formulation based on the physico chemical parameters, in vitro dissolution and ex-vivo permeation studies. The result indicates that the drug releases from the buccal films are slow and prolonged over the period of 12 h. There was no significance changes were observed during the stability studies indicates that, the prepared buccal films are stable. Hence, mucoadhesive buccal films can be used as an alternative particularly in the bed time with improved absorption of the dug through buccal mucosa, resulting in better bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
Correlation between Hand Tripod Pinch Grip and Handwriting Quality impact on Academic Performance- A Narrative Review
Authors: A. Aroona , R. Vinodhkumar , M. Manikumar , B. Gopinath , Thangasheela G Jency , Krishnan Madhan , Babu Shaymaladevi
Published: November 2023

Background: Hand is an important structure used for reaching, holding object predominantly for that grasp and grip strength particularly tripod pinch grip strength is very essential and handwriting is one of the skilled fine motor movements in that deft handwriting which include particular speed with legible writing product is needed for students especially for their higher grades to achieve their best academic performance. Objective: Deft Handwriting is an essential functional skill that impacts on Academic performance and progress from primary school level to higher grades, mostly assumed that grasp and tripod pinch grip affects legibility, speed, yet research studies examining this relationship as correlation are limited. Method: We used Narrative review methodology to map existing research on tripod pinch grip and handwriting quality from the school-age children to higher grades and to identify gaps in the literature. Results: Ten articles met search criteria and were categorized by grasp patterns which mainly include tripod –dynamic tripod grip strength and handwriting performance in speed and readability and grasp kinetics and handwriting performance. Findings suggest an inefficient grasp can lead to decreased handwriting quality i.e legibility and speed. The current literature is inconclusive and several gaps were identified. Conclusion: Tripod pinch grip strength consider as an important since the thump ,index and middle finger its fine motor action , pressure and force exerted on the pencil since static and dynamic tripod pinch commonly used with students if the student lack of this factor finally end in the low academic performance which affect their higher grades, hence Early Analysis at the primary level and early intervention with maintain the higher grades consider as an essential factor reveals from the article.
The Role of Applied Behaviour Analysing in Zoo Management System for Animals
Authors: M. Duraipandian  , Muniyandy Elangovan  , Muralidharan  , Renuka Deshmukh  , Ram Bajaj  , N Konda Reddy
Published: November 2023

This study examines the use of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) in animal management systems in zoos with an emphasis on how well it enhances animal wellbeing. The goals of the study were comparing ABA-based approaches to conventional zoo management techniques and evaluating the effect of ABA on stress reduction in captive chimpanzees. Over the course of a year, information was gathered from a chosen group of chimpanzees, including baseline and post-ABA stress levels. Following the use of ABA techniques, the data from Table 1 show a consistent trend among the chimpanzees, suggesting a considerable reduction in stress levels. Strong evidence for the effectiveness of ABA in lowering stress levels in the chimpanzees was given by statistical analysis of the data (Table 2). With a high t-statistic of 8.25, the mean baseline stress level of 7.7 substantially decreased to 3.5 post-ABA treatments (p 0.05), emphasizing the significance of this reduction. With regard to reducing stress, Objective 2 compared ABA-Based and Traditional groups. Compared to the Traditional group, the ABA-Based method had a reduced baseline stress level, according to the findings in Table 3. The ABA-Based group showed a significant reduction in stress levels following ABA sessions, while the Traditional group also showed a reduction in stress levels, albeit to a lesser extent. Both strategies significantly reduced stress, according to statistical analysis (Table 4), with the ABA-Based strategy having a greater degree of statistical significance (p 0.05). This study concludes by offering empirical proof that Applied Behaviour Analysis is a useful method for enhancing animal wellbeing in the context of zoo management. The findings imply that when compared to conventional management techniques, ABA therapies can significantly lower stress levels in caged animals.
Features of innate and adaptive immunity in patients with moderate course of COVID-19 with various degrees of lung tissue damage
Authors: Skripkinа Nadezhda A. , Sizyakinа Ludmila P. , Antonova Elena A. , Sizyakin Dmitry V. , Zakurskayа Vita Ya.
Published: November 2023

Objective: to study changes in innate and adaptive immunity in patients with a moderate course of COVID-19 with varying degrees of lung tissue damage. 40 patients with a moderate form of COVID-19 and varying degrees of damage to the lung tissue (up to 25% and up to 50%) and 30 patients from the control group (healthy donors) were examined using methods: computed tomography of the lungs, evaluation of a complete blood count, biochemical parameters, immunological studies, statistical. Differences in all patients with the control group consisted in a decrease in the absolute content of lymphocytes, in a significant increase in the relative content of natural killers and cytokine imbalance. The most significant differences were registered in the content of IL-6, depending on the degree of damage to the lung tissue. A smaller area of lung damage reflects a milder course of the disease, which does not exclude the need for dispensary observation and rehabilitation after discharge.
The state of the cytokine system in women of different ages
Authors: Chepurnova Natalia S. , Birko Oksana N. , Yutskovskaya Yana A. , Gerasimenko Llilia V. , Rusanova Diana E. , Petukhova Antonina G. , Markelova Elena V.
Published: November 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the cytokine profile of venous blood serum of 100 practically healthy women of different age groups (IL-1, TNF-, IFN-, IL-4 and IL-10), conducted by the sandwich variant of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. The relative prevalence of Th 1 type of response in practically healthy women in old age is shown, which reflects the intensity of immune reactions against intracellular pathogens and indicates an increase in delayed hypersensitivity processes. The identified features require further study, including taking into account hormonal regulation.
Expanding the History of Estuarine Nitrogen Load and Source
Authors:   , Champlin Lena Kae , Velinsky David J. , Watson Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Eutrophication from anthropogenic nitrogen (N) pollution is a prevalent threat to estuaries globally, however challenges of assessing eutrophication persist. Direct measurement of N levels may not capture highly dynamic diel, seasonal, and spatial patterns and cannot distinguish sources from terrestrial runoff vs. background marine inputs. Furthermore, the lack of long-term data to establish N baselines complicates regulatory efforts. This dissertation examines proxies of nutrient dynamics over multiple decades, centuries, and millenniums in a central Californian estuary, Elkhorn Slough, where agriculture dramatically enhanced nutrient inputs during the past century. First, multidecadal datasets spanning 20 years were used to investigate temporal cycles and spatial patterns of water quality. In addition to previously recognized impacts of eutrophication on hypoxia, emerging research has found the compounding impact of N pollution on pH trends caused by rising anthropogenic CO₂. Therefore, in Chapter 1, the effect of local nutrient sources on acidification was modeled using 20 years of monitoring data and patterns of aragonite saturation. Results revealed pronounced acidification trends near the marine inlet, however, large cycles from ecosystem metabolism were observed to also drive drops of pH in tidally restricted areas. Next, in Chapter 2, stable isotope analysis and maps (isoscapes) spanning ~300 years were used to assess marine vs. terrestrial N sources. Comparisons of contemporary verses historical isoscapes (ca. 1900) from sediment cores revealed that N sources shifted from a historical gradient with heavier isotopes near the marine endmember to a spatial pattern of amplified N levels at both the head and mouth of the modern estuary. Additionally, isotopes in the shells of modern bivalves Mytilus and Ostrea, suspended particulates, and nitrate showed enrichment further landward from the marine inlet indicative of a watershed N source. Geospatial analysis of historical records suggests that an increase in fertilizer application is chiefly responsible for this signal of increased nitrogen during the 20th century. Strong contrasts were observed between current sediment stable isotopes and those from the recent past (~150 years), demonstrating baseline shifts exceeding those in previously studied eutrophic estuaries. Finally, in Chapter 3, [delta]15N, [delta]13C and [delta]18O in bivalve shells spanning ~1500 years showed greater changes of nutrient sources during the past century (1933 - 1999 C. E.) than the proceeding millennium (ca. 630 - 1830 C. E.). This dissertation demonstrates the ability of using multiple parameters including pH and aragonite saturation, isoscapes from sediments, and isotopes in historical bivalve shells, to provide important perspectives on spatial patterns and long-term shifts of eutrophication.
Modifying the Epigenome to Facilitate Transdifferentiation of Adult Human Skin Fibroblasts
Authors:   , Do Justin , Sell Christian
Published: November 2023

Recent advances in neuronal reprogramming have demonstrated that small molecule compounds can be used to directly convert human somatic cells, namely fibroblasts, into induced neurons (iNs). These small molecule compounds promote neuronal conversion while bypassing the neural progenitor stage by activating and repressing various pathways involved in differentiation; however, studies evaluating the possibility that pretreatments designed to modify the epigenome can facilitate neuronal reprogramming have not yet been conducted. Here, we report that pretreatment of human adult skin fibroblasts with demethylating agents 5-Azacytidine, 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine, and p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-alpha directly prior to treatment with small molecule chemical cocktails facilitates modification of the epigenome of the cells and improves neuronal reprogramming efficiency in terms of morphological characteristics and protein expression profiles. As such, the demethylation-based pre-treatment approach discussed in this study makes an improvement on previously described protocols of neuronal reprogramming.
ТЕЛО КАК ПРЕДМЕТ В ПОВЕСТИ Н. В. ГОГОЛЯ «НОС»
Authors:   Бурятский государственный университет имени Доржи Банзарова, В. В. Башкеева
Published: November 2023

В статье анализируется проблема телесности в петербургской повести Н. В. Гоголя «Нос», являющей из себя особый вариант антропологических форм в художественном мире классика. В ней отмеченные в ранней прозе писателя тенденции фрагментации частей тела приводят к обращению телесного в предметное. Связанная с ней тенденция — наделение частей тела одушевленностью вплоть до субъектности — достигает своеобразной кульминации в данной повести. Обращается внимание на заметные психологические изменения у майора Ковалева и даже прорастание личностности в момент деформации тела. В связи с принципом фантасмагоричности изображения мира в русской литературе 1830-х гг. показана особая фантасмагория тела у Гоголя, в том числе выделены положительные аспекты в художественном эксперименте писателя.
Takayasu arteritis in pregnancy: a case report, and clinical lessons learnt
Authors: Sakhare Anil P. , Bhandari Tejas P. , Solanke Jaydeep R. , Ghante Rahul J.
Published: November 2023

A case report of known case of Takayasu arteritis (known to the woman in case report) in a primigravida, but unrevealed to the obstetrician till advanced stage of pregnancy is reported. The authors share the lessons learnt by them from this case which would improve diagnosis, evaluation and management of pregnancy hypertension. A brief account on clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis is also included.
A cross-sectional study on breast cancer awareness among female students in Al-Rayan colleges in Al Medina Al Munawara
Authors: Saber Lobna Mohamed , Alharbi Adeebah Ayedh , Aljohani Ghadah Yousef , Alanazi Lamyaa Abdulrahman , Alnakli Maryam Abdulmonem , Almahdi Mona Bdh M. , Saleemi Rehab Turki Al
Published: November 2023

Background: This study aims to evaluate breast cancer awareness among AL-Rayan colleges female students in Al Medina Al Munawara
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 female students from Al-Rayan medical colleges in Al Medina Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected through an Arabic version of the modified breast cancer awareness measure (Breast CAM) version 2 which is a validated and reliable then administered online and distributed via social media platforms. Analysis was done by IBM SPSS version 28 and involved descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions and percentiles, while factors associated with awareness levels were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test
Results: The participants' mean awareness level was 17.2±7.5 out of 31, out of the total participants 52.6% had a poor awareness level. Out of the participants surveyed, only 42.6%, accurately understood the recommended frequency of conducting self-examinations each month, as secondary prevention only 33% of participants were aware of the best time to start mammography. Only a limited percentage of participants (37.8% and 47.1% respectively) demonstrated knowledge of early menopause and late menopause as potential contributing factors. There was a significant relationship between awareness level and age (p=0.001) and academic year (p=0.001).
Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of continued efforts to educate and raise awareness about breast cancer and its early detection methods among young women. the study demonstrated varying levels of understanding among participants. The overall knowledge assessment indicated that a considerable proportion of participants had moderate knowledge of breast cancer.
Restorative approaches for managing dental anomalies
Authors: Aljehani Waleed Abdulrahim , Alsultan Nouf Abdullah , Altwirki Abdulaziz Ali , Ibrahim Abdulrahman Ibrahim , Almutarrid Mohammed Saud , Alshahrani Lama Abdullah , Alolayan Mayada Fahad , Assiri Manar Ali , Alzahrani Naif Awdhah , Essa Afaf Saleh Bu , Faden Renad Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Dental anomalies, which stem from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors during the phases of tooth development, can have multifaceted effects on the appearance, function, and alignment of teeth within the upper and lower jaw. These anomalies are primarily categorized into four main types based on the variations in the number, size, shape, and eruption timing of teeth. They manifest in diverse forms, such as missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, malformed teeth, and irregular tooth positioning. Restorative dentistry serves as a crucial avenue to rectify these anomalies, aiming to not only enhance the functionality but also the aesthetics of affected teeth, thus bolstering the overall oral health and quality of life of patients. It is of particular significance to consider temporary restorative treatments for children with dento-facial abnormalities, not only to address physical concerns but also to mitigate potential psychological trauma and bullying. Additionally, dental anomalies can heighten the susceptibility to dental caries, periodontal diseases, and occlusal irregularities, potentially necessitating intricate and costly dental interventions over time. The research project, initiated on October 12th, 2023, stems from a comprehensive exploration of existing academic literature, encompassing databases such as PubMed, web of science, and Cochrane. Restorative treatment options in modern dentistry offer a comprehensive approach to addressing structural, functional, and aesthetic irregularities in teeth. Prosthodontic solutions, including crowns, bridges, dental implants, and veneers, restore form and function while enhancing aesthetics. Endodontic and operative procedures, such as root canal therapy and dental fillings, preserve teeth, alleviate discomfort, and prevent complications. Orthodontic treatments like braces and Invisalign correct misalignments, improving both function and aesthetics. Surgical approaches, such as orthognathic surgery and impacted tooth removal, are reserved for severe cases. Treatment choices depend on the specific anomaly, emphasizing early intervention for improved oral health and overall well-being.
Assessment and management of thyroid disorders in primary care
Authors: Yakoop Abdullah Marwah , Alkanderi Roaa Ali , Alqahtani Abdulelah Mohammed , Alsayed Alhassan Ibrahim , Alnafisi Sara Talal , Alorabi Manayir Fayez , Alismail Sahar Salman , Aljaber Mohammed Saud , Alshabeeb Shyma Abdulaziz , Jabal Salem Waleed Bin , Almalki Mohammed Saad
Published: November 2023

Thyroid disorders are clinical conditions that affect and are common to millions of individuals worldwide. Thyroid disorders can lead to symptoms and complications such, as tiredness, changes in weight, shifts in mood, heart related issues and difficulties with fertility. Healthcare practitioners who specialize in care have a role in identifying, treating and overseeing patients, with thyroid disorders. This review covers several aspects, such as the clinical complications, diagnostic approaches, and treatment choices for types of thyroid disorders. it's crucial to recognize multiple signs to identify thyroid dysfunction. Different management plans are introduced. Additionally, it explores the challenges and debates surrounding the management of these disorders, such as the screening strategies to adopt the potential use of new biomarkers for diagnosis purposes, the benefits of combination therapy, and how to manage cases with mild or borderline thyroid dysfunction. To sum up, this review offers insights for healthcare professionals to enhance the level of care for patients who have been diagnosed with thyroid disorders.
An overview of implant overdenture attachment systems
Authors: Subahi Razin Hassan , Al Sultan Nouf Abduallah , Hafiz Raghdan Adel , Alasmari Abdullah Hussain , Almahdi Sabirin Habeeb , Al Harbi Ali Obaid , Alsobhi Talal Suliman , Algamdi Mohammad Abdulrahman , Alshammari Naif Fahhad , Khashab Nora Mohammed , Al-Qahtani Haneen Ali
Published: November 2023

Implant-retained overdentures have revolutionized dental prosthetics, addressing the limitations of traditional removable dentures. These overdentures rely on attachment systems to anchor them to dental implants or abutments, improving stability, retention, and functionality. Common attachment systems include locator attachments, bar attachments, magnets, Hader clips, ERA attachments, telescopic crowns, and OT equator attachments. Each offers unique benefits and retention levels. Implant survival rates are influenced by various factors, including attachment type, but overall, attachment choice may not be the primary determinant of implant success. Attachment systems that evenly distribute forces, like bar attachments, contribute to implant stability. Marginal bone loss can affect implant stability and is influenced by attachment systems. Precision attachments, such as telescopic crowns, have shown reduced marginal bone loss in practice. Soft tissue complications, including inflammation and mucositis, vary by attachment but can be managed with proper oral hygiene. Retention, crucial for function, varies with attachment type and implant number. More implants generally improve retention, although it may decrease over time. Bar attachments typically provide superior retention. Maintenance is essential, with some debate over whether bar or stud designs entail more upkeep. Patient satisfaction is high with both bar and ball attachments, while magnets may pose retention issues. The choice of attachment depends on patient needs and clinical factors, with regular follow-up and maintenance essential for long-term success.
Mercado laboral y empleo en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de Paraguay: efectos de la pandemia y la postpandemia de la COVID-19
Authors: Urquidi Manuel , Feal-Zubimendi Soledad , Serrate Liliana , García Diana
Published: November 2023

Las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPyME) desempeñan un papel fundamental en la economía de Paraguay, dado que representan más del 98% del tejido empresarial paraguayo y son responsables de generar alrededor del 75% de los empleos. A medida que el país continúa su desarrollo económico, las MIPyME se convierten en una fuerza impulsora clave para la creación de puestos de trabajo, especialmente en las áreas rurales y comunidades más pequeñas, donde llegan a ser la fuente de empleo del 86% de los trabajadores. Estas empresas ofrecen oportunidades laborales para una amplia gama de trabajadores, desde jóvenes en busca de su primer empleo hasta adultos con experiencia. En el presente estudio se busca describir la situación de estas empresas en su calidad de creadoras de empleo en Paraguay, identificando los obstáculos que atravesaron durante la crisis de la COVID-19 y la postpandemia.
Coordinando esfuerzos para el desarrollo territorial: la experiencia del Consejo de Desarrollo de Ciudad del Este en Paraguay
Authors: Sili Marcelo
Published: November 2023

En Ciudad del Este se ha creado el Consejo de Desarrollo Económico Social y Ambiental (CODELESTE), un organismo con capacidad deliberativa y consultiva, cuyo objetivo es apoyar la formulación e implementación de políticas de desarrollo económico y social. Se trata de un organismo capaz de coordinar y consensuar acciones entre el sector público, privado y la sociedad civil, mejorando las condiciones de gobernanza del desarrollo local. La experiencia de CODELESTE es significativa en tanto brinda lecciones de cómo construir consenso y articular acciones entre múltiples actores, impulsando así mejores prácticas de desarrollo.
Research Insights: How Did Mobility Restrictions Affect Labor Automation in the Developing World?
Authors: Benitez-Rueda Miguel , Domínguez Nicolás , Parrado Eric
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the effects of COVID-19 induced mobility restrictions and the rise of automation on Perus labor market. The research uncovers a differential decline in employment rates and wages for high-risk workers in paralyzed industries, persisting for 18 months post-pandemic. Occupational mobility emerges as a key factor in the recovery of these workers, underscoring the importance of adaptability in the face of automation.
Academia y lucha contra la desinformación en perspectiva intercultural. El caso de OIME
Authors: Pazmiño Tello Álvaro Javier , Saltos Ponce Daniela Salomé , Cruz Páez Pamela J.
Published: November 2023

El presente estudio aborda el fenómeno global de la desinformación, que ha captado la atención de diversas entidades como gobiernos, organismos internacionales, medios de comunicación, organizaciones civiles y la academia. Se destacan estrategias para combatir la desinformación, como la curación de contenidos y la verificación de hechos, siendo estas acciones ejecutadas principalmente desde el ámbito educativo y la academia. Igualmente, se enfatiza en la importancia de la alfabetización digital para que los usuarios puedan discernir información falsa de la veraz. A raíz del aparecimiento de la pandemia COVID –19, el estudio de caso del Observatorio Interuniversitario de Medios Ecuatorianos (OIME) ejemplifica el rol de la academia ecuatoriana en responder a la información contaminada desde una perspectiva intercultural, mediante un modelo de cooperación social en contextos de crisis. En concreto, en un periodo que va desde agosto 2020 a junio 2022, el Observatorio ha realizado 15 notas de divulgación científica, 4 elementos gráficos (infografías interactivas y afiches) y cuatro notas informativas. Siguiendo con esa línea es pertinente entender a la desinformación como contenido falso, inexacto o engañoso diseñado para causar daño público o beneficios particulares; lo cual se ha convertido en una serie de manifestaciones variadas. Sin embargo, se evidencia un desafío en la formación profesional intercultural en Ecuador, dado el bajo porcentaje de docentes provenientes de poblaciones minoritarias en instituciones educativas. No obstante, se destaca el creciente interés en la investigación sobre lo intercultural en la producción de contenidos, participación política, empoderamiento ciudadano, entre otros aspectos. En suma, la falta de competencias digitales y multialfabetización es identificada como una de las razones que facilita la propagación de la desinformación entre las personas. En concreto desde una perspectiva educativa y comunicacional, la interculturalidad se considerada un diálogo en construcción entre culturas para fortalecer identidades, recuperar memoria histórica y eliminar jerarquías en entornos de aprendizaje con la incorporación de una alfabetización digital activa.
Assessing Occupational Risk: A Classification of Harmful Factors in the Production Environment and Labor Process
Authors: Abikenova Sholpan , Issamadiyeva Gulnara , Kulmagambetova Elmira , Daumova Gulzhan , Abdrakhmanova Nazgul
Published: November 2023

The article presents a draft unified classification of harmful and/or hazardous factors of working conditions for subsequent identification and assessment of any possible occupational risks of employees of various types of economic activity within the framework of the implementation of a risk-based approach in the organization of labor protection at enterprises. In total, 134 harmful and/or dangerous factors present in the production environment and work processes were identified, which were divided into six main groups: physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, psychophysiological, and general industrial pollution. A five-level classification of the main harmful and/or dangerous factors of the production environment and the labor process and their subspecies is proposed. The largest group consists of physical factors, such as industrial noise, vibration, various types of radiation, lighting conditions at enterprises, exposure to electric current and electric arc, the threat of fire or explosion, as well as climate and microclimate conditions and aerosol composition of the air. The conducted research and the creation of a detailed classification of possible harmful and dangerous effects on employees of enterprises formed the basis of a new concept of providing personal protective equipment against harmful factors of production in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Exploring students’ views and experiences of an acupuncture programme at a South African university: Case study
Authors: Hu Zijing , Zhang Jie , Razlog Radmila
Published: November 2023

Curriculum transformation for 21st-century skills in higher education is gaining much attention nationally and internationally. The African continent is becoming acutely aware of strengthening the curriculum to improve teaching and learning. In this study, the focus is on transforming the acupuncture programme to align with international standards. Streamlining and aligning the South Africa (SA) curriculum programme to international standards will improve patients’ health. The reason is that higher education institutions are responsible for ensuring that their students are competent in the world of work through quality educational programmes. There is an increasing demand for quality acupuncture services for the public. According to the World Health Organization, acupuncture is one of the most popular alternative medicines worldwide. However, there is a lack of research to explore contextualised acupuncture programmes on the African continent. This study aimed to explore the content of the South African acupuncture programme and align it with international standards. To undertake this study, the author employed a qualitative, single-case study by interviewing the students of the programme using a semi-structured interview schedule. The findings of this study revealed that students shared positive views towards the acupuncture programme. They had a clear and accurate understanding of the outcome of the programme. However, participants reported that there was limited clinical exposure in the acupuncture programme, which negatively affected students’ competencies in the working world. This study concluded that there was a need to ensure the contextualised acupuncture programme was benchmarked against international standards. Furthermore, there was a need to improve the infrastructure at the university to ensure adequate training facilities. This study is of profound significance since the identified higher education institution is the only university that provides an acupuncture programme in South Africa.
Sacred Sites of the Amazon
Authors: Mich Tadeusz
Published: November 2023

Scientists have studied different aspects of the complex reality of the Amazon Basin. Among the main areas of research are such topics as social organization, cosmology, mythology, ecological adaptations, and conservation of the tropical rainforest. One aspect that has not been addressed sufficiently is the archaeological investigations of the sacred sites of the Amazon. Due to their importance, this is why the sacred petroglyphs were chosen as the topic of our research. This article attempts to present the state of archaeological investigations in the Colombian Amazon and the importance of the sacred petroglyphs for our understanding of the Yucuna Indian culture.
Collective dynamics of a neural network of excitable and inhibitory populations: oscillations, tristability, chaos
Authors:   Federal Research Center A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physic of the RAS, Kirillov Sergej , Zlobin Alexander ,   Federal Research Center A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physic of the RAS, Klinshov Vladimir ,   Federal Research Center A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physic of the RAS
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this work is to study the collective dynamics of a neural network consisting of excitatory and inhibitory populations. The method of reducing the network dynamics to new generation neural mass models is used, and a bifurcation analysis of the model is carried out. As a result the conditions and mechanisms for the emergence of various modes of network collective activity are described, including collective oscillations, multistability of various types, and chaotic collective dynamics. Conclusion. The low-dimensional reduced model is an effective tool for studying the essential patterns of collective dynamics in large-scale neural networks. At the same time, the analysis also allows us to elicit more subtle effects, such as the emergence of synchrony clusters in the network and the shifting effect for the boundaries of the existence of dynamical modes.
From Informal Housing to Housing at Risk, Preliminary Diagnosis of Some Neighborhoods in Quito
Authors: Merizalde Zapata N. V. , Lara Calderón M. L.
Published: November 2023

In the second half of the twentieth century in Ecuador, collective housing projects undertaken by the state began to emerge, while informal settlements consolidated on the outskirts of the city. The way in which these neighborhoods were consolidated has had an impact on the quality of life of their inhabitants. By allowing them to identify natural, social, and anthropic risks, they have accentuated and conditioned the safety of users, such as hillside location, context, materiality, accessibility, mobility, infrastructure, etc. The research is based on a comparative study of risks in three neighborhoods of Quito, to understand that both the participation of the people and the cooperation of the regulating entity are important for giving rise to housing projects. Based on the method proposed by Livingston and supported by the literature and bibliographic review, we seek to identify the risks that are generated or emphasized in the different stages of housing, highlighting the importance of building an integrated city based on the inhabitants and their way of inhabiting the space. Finally, we seek to understand that in the creation of housing projects, the appropriation of space makes it possible to turn a neighborhood into a community that reflects the diverse way of living of the users.
Keywords: citizen participation, social housing, informal settlements, Quito.
Resumen
En la segunda mitad del siglo XX en Ecuador empezaron a surgir proyectos de vivienda colectiva emprendidos por el estado central, en paralelo en la periferia de la ciudad se consolidaron asentamientos informales. La forma en la que se consolidaron estos barrios ha tenido un impacto en la calidad de vida de sus habitantes; esto ha permitido identificar riesgos naturales, sociales y antrópicos, los mismos que se han acentuado y condicionan la seguridad de los usuarios, tales como ubicación sobre laderas, contexto, materialidad, accesibilidad, movilidad, infraestructura, etc. La investigación se basa en un estudio comparativo sobre riesgos presentes en tres barrios de Quito, con el fin de entender que tanto la participación de las personas como la cooperación de la entidad reguladora, son importantes al momento de dar lugar a proyectos de vivienda. Partiendo del método propuesto por Livingston y apoyado en la revisión literaria y bibliográfica, se busca identificar los riesgos que se generan o enfatizan en las diferentes etapas de la vivienda, resaltando la importancia de construir una ciudad integrada que tiene como base a los habitantes y su forma de habitar el espacio. Finalmente, se busca entender que en la creación de proyectos habitacionales la apropiación del espacio permite convertir a un barrio en una comunidad que refleja la forma diversa de habitar de los usuarios.
Palabras Clave: Participación Ciudadana, Vivienda Social, Asentamientos Informales, Quito.