bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sunflower Oil-based Oleogel as Fat Replacer in Croissants: Textural and Sensory Characterisation
Authors: Espert M. , Wang Q. , Sanz T. , Salvador A.
Published: March 2023

Croissants are made using solid fats that predominantly contain saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids. In this study, an oleogel consisting of sunflower oil structured with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was used as a conventional fat replacer in puff pastry thus improving its nutritional profile. Oleogel (OG)-shortening (SH) blends were prepared as a fat replacer for partial (50, 60, 70%) and full shortening (100%) substitution. These replacements implied a reduction of up to 45% of saturated fat and an increase of up to 47% of unsaturated fat, especially monounsaturated fatty acids. Physical characterisation was conducted using texture profile analysis and penetration tests to evaluate the oleogel effect on a baked croissant matrix structure. Sensory analysis was also performed to evaluate the organoleptic properties of the croissant. Shortening replacement using oleogel resulted in croissants with lower saturated fat content, lower bite firmness, and a texture profile similar to croissants made with commercial shortening. The presence of oleogel up to 100% did not contribute negatively to the firmness or springiness of the croissants, although they became chewier and more cohesive as the oleogel increased. In terms of sensory perception, the SH50:OG50 croissant sample was the most similar to the solid fat control. The use of sunflower oil-cellulose-based oleogel was suitable for the formulation of puff pastry products with a healthier fat profile while maintaining the physical and sensory characteristics of conventional croissants.
Long-term cardiometabolic morbidity in young adults with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Righi Beatrice , Ali Salma R. , Bryce Jillian , Tomlinson Jeremy W. , Bonfig Walter , Baronio Federico , Costa Eduardo C. , Guaragna-Filho Guilherme , T’Sjoen Guy , Cools Martine , Markosyan Renata , Bachega Tania A. S. S. , Miranda Mirela C. , Iotova Violeta , Falhammar Henrik , Ceccato Filippo , Stancampiano Marianna R. , Russo Gianni , Daniel Eleni , Auchus Richard J. , Ross Richard J. , Ahmed S. Faisal
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To study the current practice for assessing comorbidity in adults with 21-hydroxylase CAH and to assess the prevalence of comorbidity in these adults.

Methods

A structured questionnaire was sent to 46 expert centres managing adults with CAH. Information collected included current therapy and surveillance practice with a particular focus on osteoporosis/osteopaenia, hyperlipidaemia, type 2 diabetes/hyperinsulinaemia, hypertension, CV disease, obesity.

Results

Of the 31 (67%) centres from 15 countries that completed the survey, 30 (97%) screened for hypertension by measuring blood pressure, 30 (97%) screened for obesity, 26 (84%) screened for abnormal glucose homoeostasis mainly by using Hb1Ac (73%), 25 (81%) screened for osteoporosis mainly by DXA (92%), 20 (65%) screened for hyperlipidaemia and 6 (19%) screened for additional CV disease. Of the 31 centres, 13 provided further information on the six co-morbidities in 244 patients with a median age of 33 yrs (range 19, 94). Of these, 126 (52%) were females and 174 (71%) received fludrocortisone in addition to glucocorticoids. Of the 244 adults, 73 (30%) were treated for at least one comorbidity and 15 (21%) for more than 2 co-morbidities. Of 73, the patients who were treated for osteoporosis/osteopaenia, hyperlipidaemia, type 2 diabetes/hyperinsulinaemia, hypertension, CV disease, obesity were 43 (59%), 17 (23%), 16 (22%), 10 (14%), 8 (11), 3 (4%) respectively.

Conclusion

Cardiometabolic and bone morbidities are not uncommon in adults with CAH. There is a need to standardise the screening for these morbidities from early adulthood and to explore optimal therapy through routine collection of standardised data.
Queer Infrastructures: Objects of and Orientations towards Urban Research Practice
Authors: Cirolia Liza Rose , Pollio Andrea
Published: March 2023

Drawing on Ahmed’s seminal work on queer phenomenology, this intervention proposes the concept of “queer infrastructure”. Queer infrastructure, as we deploy it, reflects both an objectofand orientationtowardsurban research practice. As an object, we discuss the function, use, and practice of (our) queer networks, specifically for research assumed to be unrelated to studies of sexuality and located in the urban African context. Here we centre questions of becoming, affect, and relationality. As an orientation, we discuss what can be “seen” both when entering the field through queer networks and by seeing urban spaces through queerness. In doing so, we suggest that sexuality is always present in urban research, even when not explicitly so.
Grade Retention Impact on Academic Self-concept: A Longitudinal Perspective
Authors: González-Nuevo Covadonga , Postigo Álvaro , García-Cueto Eduardo , Menéndez-Aller Álvaro , Muñiz José , Cuesta Marcelino , Álvarez-Díaz Marcos , Fernández-Alonso Rubén
Published: March 2023

The long-term effects on academic self-concept of grade retention are unclear. The objective is to examine the progression of academic self-concept in relation to school performance for retained students and non-retained students. The academic self-concept of 5712 students (1381 retained students) was evaluated at the fourth and eighth grade of compulsory school. Academic performance was also examined at a third point: sixth grade. Latent Class Analysis and Latent Transition Analysis were used to examine the transitions between the latent groups of academic self-concept. A BCH-LTA estimation for a distal outcomes was used to examine the influence of academic self-concept on school performance. Three latent groups of academic self-concept were identified. The transitions indicated a reduction in academic self-concept over time which was greater in retained students. School performance fell over time and was related to academic self-concept. These findings have significant implications in relation to grade retention and its negative impact on students’ academic self-concept.
On the traces of lost identities: chronological, anthropological and taphonomic analyses of the Late Neolithic/Early Eneolithic fragmented and commingled human remains from the Farneto rock shelter (Bologna, northern Italy)
Authors: Nicolosi Teresa , Mariotti Valentina , Talamo Sahra , Miari Monica , Minarini Laura , Nenzioni Gabriele , Lenzi Fiamma , Pietrobelli Annalisa , Sorrentino Rita , Benazzi Stefano , Belcastro Maria Giovanna
Published: March 2023

The present study examines the prehistoric human skeletal remains retrieved starting from the 1920s in the deposit of the Farneto rock shelter, situated in the area of the ‘Parco dei Gessi Bolognesi e Calanchi dell’Abbadessa’ (San Lazzaro di Savena, Bologna, northern Italy). An exact dating and a reliable interpretation of the assemblage had not been reached so far because of the lack of contextual data useful for dating purposes, the inaccurate recovery procedures of the remains and their state of preservation. In fact, the skeletal remains from the Farneto rock shelter are highly fragmented and commingled, whereas reliable information about their original position and their recovery procedures are not available. Despite these difficulties, radiocarbon analyses allowed the precise dating of the remains to a final phase of the Neolithic and an early phase of the Eneolithic period in Emilia Romagna (northern Italy). The study of the assemblage enabled to clarify the use of the context for funerary purposes. Moreover, the anthropological and taphonomic analyses of the skeletal remains shed light on the biological profile of the individuals and on some events that occurred after their death. In particular, the analysis of perimortem lesions highlighted the existence of intentional interventions related to corpse treatment, referable to dismembering/disarticulation and scarnification, i.e. cleaning of bones from soft tissues. Finally, the comparison with other Italian and European Neo/Eneolithic funerary contexts enabled a better understanding of these complex ritual practices.
Comparative molecular and morphological species delineation of Halammohydra Remane, 1927 (Hydrozoa)—with the description of four new species
Authors: Tödter Lenke , Worsaae Katrine , Schmidt-Rhaesa Andreas
Published: March 2023

Whereas most cnidarians are macrofaunal, a few microscopic lineages have evolved, and some of them inhabit marine sediments. The meiofaunal genus with the most species is Halammohydra, comprising nine nominal species. Species are described with high intraspecific variability in, e.g., the number of tentacles and statocysts and the shape and length of tentacles and body, complicating morphological identification to species level. Additionally, there is not much molecular data available. This study aims to revise already described species with morphological and molecular methods, as well as, to delineate potential new species answering questions about their geographical distribution. For this, specimens were sampled at 16 locations in the Northwest Atlantic and two localities in the East Atlantic, documented with light microscopy, and fixed individually for sequencing (16S, 18S, and CO1). Herewith, morphological characters were linked to a specific sequence, enabling the testing of character variation within one molecular phylogenetic group. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted (Bayesian Interference and Maximum Likelihood) in combination with species delimitation tests (ABGD, GMYC, and bPTP). Four already described species were identified in the data sets, and all of these were found at multiple localities. Four new species are described. Overall, the combined molecular and morphological data acquisition revealed multiple new species and a high degree of sympatry in Halammohydra. This, together with the confirmed excessive intraspecific variation in morphological traits, underlines the necessity of molecular sequencing for the taxonomy and species identification of Halammohydra.
First-year Medical Students’ Varying Vulnerability to Developing Depressive Symptoms and Its Predictors: a Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Polujanski Sabine , Rotthoff Thomas , Nett Ulrike , Schindler Ann-Kathrin
Published: March 2023

Objective

Previous meta-analytic data have demonstrated the propensity for mental morbidity among medical students (Rotenstein et al. JAMA. 2016;316(21):2214–36). However, there is a lack of research on medical students’ varying depression vulnerabilities and predictive factors. The present study aims to gain a better understanding of the development of mental health morbidity and its predictive factors among first-semester medical students.

Methods

In November 2020 and January 2021, 184 first-semester students from two medical schools were surveyed regarding depression (PHQ-9), self-efficacy, resilience, and cognitive self-regulation. Using latent profile analysis, we identified distinct depression development profiles. We applied a multinomial logistic regression analysis to determine how self-efficacy, resilience, and cognitive self-regulation and their changes predicted profile membership.

Results

Five profiles of depression development were identified: profile 1, no depression (53.8%); profile 2, mild depression (26.1%); profile 3, depression increase I (9.2%); profile 4, depression increase II (9.8%); and profile 5, persistent depression (1.1%). Students with initially high self-efficacy, resilience, and cognitive self-regulation levels were more likely to belong to the no depression profile. A decrease in self-efficacy and cognitive self-regulation was associated with both depression increase profiles (profiles 3 and 4), and a decrease in resilience was found to be a predictor of profile 4.

Conclusion

Students who enter medical school have varying states of mental health, and they differ in their vulnerability to developing depressive symptoms. The promotion of resilience, self-efficacy, and cognitive self-regulation strategies may be key in preventing students’ depression in the first semester of medical school.
Learning Symmetrical Relations Facilitates Emergence of Intraverbals after Reading a Text: Effects on Reading Comprehension
Authors: Pérez-González Luis Antonio , Oltra Javier
Published: March 2023

We studied the effect of prior learning of symmetrical intraverbals on the emergence of complex intraverbals after reading a text. In Experiment 1, eighteen 7- and 8-year-old children read a text with sentences in which A and B stimuli and B and C stimuli were related (e.g., “The Alps” to “Mont Blanc,” and to “Falcon”). Thereafter, all ABC intraverbals (e.g., C–A—“Name the mountain range of the falcon”) were probed without reinforcement with written stimuli and written responses. In Condition 1, six children learned before intraverbals that relate the categories to the exemplars that served as stimuli in the text (e.g., “Name a mountain”—“Mont Blanc”—Exemplars) and learned intraverbals that relate the exemplars to the categories (e.g., “What is the Mont Blanc?”—“A mountain”—Categories.) In Conditions 2 and 3, 12 children did not learn Categories or neither Exemplars and Categories. All children in Condition 1 demonstrated the emergence of all ABC intraverbals, but not all children in Conditions 2–3 demonstrated emergence. Experiment 2 controlled that text presentations and teaching trials did not affect the results and replicated the effect. Therefore, learning simple discriminations symmetrical to one another facilitates further emergence with more complex discriminations—intraverbals—which evidence reading comprehension.
Recent advances in developing natural and impurity-induced small/no-ELM H-mode regimes in EAST
Authors: Xu G. S. , Wang Y. F. , Yang Q. Q. , Lin X. , Chen R. , Ye Y. , Lan H. , Yan N.
Published: March 2023

One critical issue in steady-state and high-performance operation in future tokamak fusion reactors is to develop H-mode operational regimes that mitigate or eliminate the large-amplitude ELMs to decrease the transient heat flux on the divertor and first wall. This paper reviews recent advances in extending and understanding the access and sustainment of natural and impurity-induced small/no-ELM H-mode regimes in EAST. Highly reproducible stationary grassy ELM regime with good energy confinement and excellent tungsten impurity exhaust capability has been obtained in EAST with water-cooled metal wall, compatible with low rotation, high normalized density, high bootstrap current fraction, radiative divertor and fully non-inductive operations, which are the conditions required for future fusion reactor-level plasmas. Grassy-like small-ELM H-mode regime has been achieved in helium (He) plasma experiments, which will be conducted during the pre-fusion power operation phase in ITER. The exploration for type-II ELM regime in EAST is also briefly introduced. Three spontaneous no-ELM H-mode regimes frequently observed in EAST are introduced, including an enhanced-recycling no-ELM regime, a non-inductive low-recycling no-ELM regime and a transient spontaneous no-ELM regime at relatively low pedestal collisionality ($${v}_{e}^{*}<1$$

v

e

∗

<
1

). These no-ELM regimes show different characteristic signatures of pedestal fluctuation and profiles, and the physical mechanisms behind have been studied. In addition, small/no-ELM regimes with impurity seeding have also been achieved in EAST. The ELM behavior changing from mixed small and large ELMs to pure grassy ELMs has been observed with neon (Ne) seeding. A highly reproducible no-ELM H-mode regime with radiative divertor has been demonstrated through CD4 seeding in EAST. These results are believed to be helpful for the application of small/no-ELM H-mode regimes to future tokamak fusion reactors.
Individualism-Collectivism: A Brazilian-Portuguese Version of Triandis and Gelfand’s Scale
Authors: Pérez-Nebra Amalia R. , Tordera Núria , Rodríguez Isabel , Sandall Hugo , Peiró José Maria , de São Paulo Eduardo
Published: March 2023

Human values play an essential role in life, highlighting what is socially desirable and influencing people’s actions. In order to deliver a way of measuring such construct, this work aimed to test the stability of the horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism scale (HVIC) structure in Brazil through some of its states. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 presented the validation of the measurement tool replicating the original Triandis and Gelfand (1998) study, comparing similar samples in Brazil and the USA (undergraduate students;N = 200 to each group). The structure found was similar in both countries, but the modification indexes suggest a change in one item load compared to the original study. Study 2 compared data from five Brazilian states, (blue-collar workers;N = 5,589). Results revealed that the four-factor structure was well adjusted and showed minor differences between and within states. Practical and theoretical contributions were provided in particular for horizontal and vertical dimensions, in particular, challenging the horizontalism found in previous studies and suggesting other groups of references in Brazil.
Foraminifera dissolution phases in the upper cretaceous succession of Jebel Duwi, Egypt
Authors: Orabi Orabi H. , Hamad Mostafa M. , Abu Saima Mahmoud M.
Published: March 2023

The present work examines the function of differential dissolution in planktic and benthic foraminifera and introduces the major factors that affect dissolution in early Mid-Maastrichtian Event MME and Late Maastrichtian Event LME paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Two observations on foraminifera dissolution in the Dakhla Formation, where planktic foraminifera are more susceptible to dissolution than benthic foraminifera in the Hamama Member of the Jebel Duwi section, Eastern Desert (Egypt). They are characterized by a decline in the planktic/benthic (P/B) ratio and a rise in the agglutinated percentage. The results of those observations are used for revealing foraminiferal dissolution in these two zones (Racemiguembelina fructicosaCF4a andPseudoguembelina palpebraCF2). During these two zones, there were excessive relative abundances of agglutinated foraminifera, indicating that these two intervals witnessed severe carbonate dissolution. The high total organic carbon (TOC) and low pH due to the presence of a lot of organic matter in the black shale’s of the Dakhla Formation of the upper Maastrichtian age is the explanation for the observed dissolution that has nothing to do with oceanographic or volcanic processes. The presence of pyrite within the black shale interval suggests low oxygen conditions and the potential for meteoric water to react with the pyrite and form sulfuric acid. This acid could dissolve any carbonate material well after the original deposition.
Acute intermittent porphyria and spinal muscular atrophy: two rare diseases seen in one patient
Authors: Çavdaroğlu Sude , Altun İlayda , Atasay Elif Bilge , Yunisova Gulshan , Oflazer Piraye , Sezgin Gülbüz
Published: March 2023

Porphyrias are a cluster of inherited metabolic diseases. Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is inherited autosomal dominantly that presents with multi-systemic symptoms and acute repetitive attacks in any age of lifespan. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease that is autosomal recessively inherited and seen with a relatively higher incidence in Turkey. In this case report, we discuss a 27-year-old male with gait problems and fatigue. Here, we report a familial heterozygous mutation in hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene together with homozygous deletion in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene in a Turkish patient.
Marianna Martines
Authors: Godt Irving , Rice John A.
Published: March 2023

Examines the life and compositional oeuvre of prolific eighteenth century musician, composer, and singer Marianna Martines (1744-1813).
Federico García Lorca: The Poetics of Self-Consciousness
Authors: Bonaddio Federico
Published: March 2023

A study of Lorca's poetic trajectory.
The Scottish Middle March, 1573-1625
Authors: Groundwater Anna
Published: March 2023

A new investigation of James I and VI's policy in the troubled border region between England and Scotland.
Compressibility corrections to extend a smooth local correlation-based transition model to transonic flows
Authors: Piotrowski M.G.H. , Zingg D.W.
Published: March 2023

This paper presents progress towards a transition modelling capability for use in the numerical solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations that provides accurate predictions for transonic flows and is thus suitable for use in the design of wings for aircraft flying at transonic speeds. To this end, compressibility corrections are developed and investigated to extend commonly used empirical correlations to transonic flight conditions while retaining their accuracy at low speeds. A compressibility correction for Tollmien-Schlichting instabilities is developed and applied to a smooth local correlation-based transition model and a stationary crossflow instability compressibility correction is included by adding a new crossflow source term function. Two- and three-dimensional transonic transition test cases demonstrate that the Tollmien-Schlichting compressibility correction produces substantially improved agreement with the experimental transition locations, particularly for higher Reynolds number applications where the effects of flow compressibility are expected to be more significant, such as the NASA CRM-NLF wing-body configuration, while the crossflow compressibility correction prevents an inaccurate, upstream transition front. The compressibility corrections and modifications do not significantly affect the numerical behaviour of the model, which provides an efficient alternative to non-local and higher-fidelity approaches, and can be applied to other transport-equation-based transition models with low-speed empirical correlations without affecting their predictive capability in the incompressible regime.
Defensiveness and Identity
Authors: YAP AUDREY , ICHIKAWA JONATHAN
Published: March 2023

Criticism can sometimes provoke defensive reactions, particularly when it implicates identities people hold dear. For instance, feminists told they are upholding rape culture might become angry or upset because the criticism conflicts with an identity that is important to them. These kinds of defensive reactions are a primary focus of this paper. What is it to be defensive in this way, and why do some kinds of criticism or implied criticism tend to provoke this kind of response? What are the connections between defensiveness, identity, and active ignorance? What are the social, political, and epistemic consequences of the tendency to defensiveness? Are there ways to improve the situation?
The perceptional triangle of incivility, politics, and democracy: The role of supportiveness
Authors: Ahmed Kaleem , Ahmed Alia , Adeel Shahzada
Published: March 2023

Bringing democracy to the workplace has gained researchers’ attention during the last few years. In addition to its proorganizational outcomes, democratization at the workplace also helps to eradicate organizational negativities. The present study investigates these claims by empirically examining the relationship between organizational democracy, perception of politics, and workplace incivility. A sample of 300 full-time employees working in fifteen different banks in the district of Gujrat Pakistan was obtained. The structural equation modeling technique was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The results indicated that workplace democracy is negatively associated with the perception of organizational politics and workplace incivility. Nevertheless, when there is organizational democracy with a supportive environment, it further reduces its incivility and politics. The study provides empirical evidence to managers and organizational decision makers in developing democratic workplaces to promote participative culture and eradicate organizational negativities. More studies on democratic practices with different contexts and factors are discussed and proposed for future studies.
The conundrum in smart city governance: Interoperability and compatibility in an ever-growing ecosystem of digital twins
Authors: Quek Hou Yee , Sielker Franziska , Akroyd Jethro , Bhave Amit N , von Richthofen Aurel , Herthogs Pieter , Yamu Claudia van der Laag , Wan Li , Nochta Timea , Burgess Gemma , Lim Mei Qi , Mosbach Sebastian , Kraft Markus
Published: March 2023

Today, technological developments are ever-growing yet fragmented. Alongside inconsistent digital approaches and attitudes across city administrations, such developments have made it difficult to reap the benefits of city digital twins. Bringing together experiences from five research projects, this paper discusses these digital twins based on two digital integration methodologies—systems and semantic integration. We revisit the nature of the underlying technologies, and their implications for interoperability and compatibility in the context of planning processes and smart urbanism. Semantic approaches present a new opportunity for bidirectional data flows that can inform both governance processes and technological systems to co-create, cross-pollinate, and support optimal outcomes. Building on this opportunity, we suggest that considering the technological dimension as a new addition to the trifecta of economic, environmental, and social sustainability goals that guide planning processes, can aid governments to address this conundrum of fragmentation, interoperability, and compatibility.
Evaluating a Low-Cost Disaster Preparedness Simulation for Prelicensure Nursing Students
Authors: Phan Quyen , Geller Daniel E. , Broughton Amber S. , Swan Beth Ann , Wells Jessica S.
Published: March 2023

Objective:

This innovation in simulation evaluated the effectiveness of a time sensible, low-cost simulation on prelicensure nursing students’ knowledge and confidence in responding to public health emergencies.

Method:

One hundred eighty-two nursing students, in groups of 5, participated in a 75-min emergency preparedness disaster simulation. A mixed methods design was used to evaluate students’ knowledge and confidence in disaster preparedness, and satisfaction with the simulation.

Results:

Students reported an increase in knowledge and confidence following the disaster simulation and satisfaction with the experience.

Conclusions:

Prelicensure nursing programs can replicate this low cost, time sensible disaster simulation to effectively educate students in emergency preparedness.
The Paradox of Graded Justification
Authors: Logins Artūrs
Published: March 2023

According to a widely held view epistemic justification is a normative notion. According to another widely held assumption, epistemic justification comes in degrees. Given that gradability requires a context-sensitivity that normativity seems to lack, these two assumptions stand in tension. Giving up the assumption of gradability of justification represents a lesser theoretical cost.
Surface waves and currents in aquatic vegetation
Authors: McWilliams James C.
Published: March 2023

A multiscale asymptotic theory is formulated for surface gravity waves and currents in finite-depth water with a vegetation canopy that provides a drag force on both flows with known drag coefficients. It assumes that the density is uniform and the depth is uniform pro tem and that the wave frequency is fast compared to the current advective rate. It is a quasi-linear theory in which the wave dynamics is independent of current and drag to leading order but provides perturbative corrections, and in which wave nonlinear interactions are neglected while quadratic wave-averaged wave fluxes and quadratic wave-drag effects are retained. The primary surface wave is modified by drag and current interactions, and the wave-averaged current momentum balance includes a wave-augmented drag force and several vortex forces due to Earth's rotation, current vorticity, Stokes drift and drag-induced wave vorticity. The wave-averaged current equations derived here are a suitable basis for future large-eddy simulation and submesoscale circulation computational models.
Poor, sinful and dangerous women: illegal prostitution in the Mezzogiorno before and after Unification
Authors: Greco Oscar
Published: March 2023

In the nineteenth century, when Italy was undergoing significant institutional and socio-economic changes, the bourgeoisie affirmed its principles of ‘respectability’. In this context, the spread of prostitution among the poorest and most disadvantaged classes of the South became a real obsession for bourgeois society. Through the study of primary sources relating to various health institutions, this paper aims to assess the role of the Opere Pie in the control and management of prostitution. It furthermore highlights the hybrid function of the re-education, assistance and segregation of those women who represented a danger to bourgeois morality and order. Finally, it sheds light on the living conditions and social environment of young prostitutes.
Microstability of β ~ 1 tokamak equilibria
Authors: Gaur Rahul , Abel Ian G. , Dickinson David , Dorland William D.
Published: March 2023

High-power-density tokamaks offer a potential solution to design cost-effective fusion devices. One way to achieve high power density is to operate at a high

$\beta$

value (the ratio of thermal to magnetic pressure), i.e.

$\beta \sim 1$

. However, a

$\beta \sim 1$

state may be unstable to various pressure- and current-driven instabilities or have unfavourable microstability properties. To explore these possibilities, we generate

$\beta \sim 1$

equilibria and investigate their stability. First, we demonstrate the generation of high-

$\beta$

equilibria with the computer code VMEC. We then analyse these equilibria to determine their stability against the infinite-

$n$

ideal-ballooning mode. We follow that by engaging in a detailed microstability study using the GS2 code, beginning with assessments of electrostatic ion-temperature-gradient and trapped election mode instabilities. We observe interesting behaviour for the high-

$\beta$

equilibria – stabilization of these modes through two distinct mechanisms – large negative local shear and reversal of electron precession drift. Finally, we perform electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations and observe enhanced stability in the outer core of high-

$\beta$

equilibria and absence of kinetic ballooning modes in the negative-triangularity, high-

$\beta$

equilibria. The enhanced outer-core stability of high-

$\beta$

equilibria is different from their lower-

$\beta$

counterparts and offers an alternative, potentially favourable regime of tokamak operation.
The derivatives of Barth's Law in the light of modern Arabic dialects
Authors: Shachmon Ori , Bar-Asher Siegal Elitzur A.
Published: March 2023

In 1894, Jacob Barth proposed that the preformative conjugation in some of the Semitic languages goes back to a – generally bygone – inverse correlation between the thematic vowel of the stem and that of the conjugational prefix. Evidence for such a distribution is well attested in all branches of Central Semitic, yet it remains disputed whether it should be reconstructed for Proto-Semitic as well. This paper makes use of new data from a living Semitic variety, namely the Arabic dialect of Ḥugariyyah in the south of Yemen, where the pattern observed by Barth is still operative. We examine the interaction of the conjugational prefixes with the dialectal future tense marker š(a)-, and point to cases where the inverse correlation is violated. We outline a sequential development, starting with a phonetically-driven re-distribution of the preformative vowels, and followed by their reanalysis as integral to the prefix. We then propose that comparable developments may have taken place in other Semitic varieties, predominantly Akkadian, and thus view the Akkadian preformative conjugation as a derivative of a former inverse correlation, as reconstructed by Barth.
Determinants of top personal income tax rates in 19 OECD countries, 1981–2018
Authors: van Ganzen Bastiaan
Published: March 2023

This article aims to map the political economy of top personal income tax rate setting. A much-discussed driving factor of top rate setting is the corporate tax rate: governments may prefer to limit the differential between both rates in order to prevent tax-friendly saving of labour incomes inside corporations. Recent studies have highlighted several other driving factors, including budgetary pressure, partisan politics, and societal fairness norms. I compare these and other potential determinants in the long run (1981–2018) by studying tax reforms of 226 cabinets in 19 advanced Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries using regression models. I find little evidence for the effects of economic, political, and institutional factors; instead, the main determinant of the top rate is the corporate tax rate. As corporate tax rates are still declining under competitive pressure, the recently set minimum rate of 15% will not stop tax competition from constraining progressive income taxation.
A survey of evolutionary algorithms for supervised ensemble learning
Authors: Cagnini Henry E. L. , Das Dôres Silvia C. N. , Freitas Alex A. , Barros Rodrigo C.
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive review of evolutionary algorithms that learn an ensemble of predictive models for supervised machine learning (classification and regression). We propose a detailed four-level taxonomy of studies in this area. The first level of the taxonomy categorizes studies based on which stage of the ensemble learning process is addressed by the evolutionary algorithm: the generation of base models, model selection, or the integration of outputs. The next three levels of the taxonomy further categorize studies based on methods used to address each stage. In addition, we categorize studies according to the main types of objectives optimized by the evolutionary algorithm, the type of base learner used and the type of evolutionary algorithm used. We also discuss controversial topics, like the pros and cons of the selection stage of ensemble learning, and the need for using a diversity measure for the ensemble’s members in the fitness function. Finally, as conclusions, we summarize our findings about patterns in the frequency of use of different methods and suggest several new research directions for evolutionary ensemble learning.
An Empire in Disguise: The Appropriation of Pre-Existing Modes of Governance in Dutch South Asia, 1650–1800
Authors: Schrikker Alicia , Sur Byapti
Published: March 2023

This article presents an analysis of the paper- and office work at two South Asian corners in the early modern Dutch empire. The article engages with current approaches to the histories of bureaucracy and empire that emphasize the lived experience of “paperwork” in order to gain a localized understanding of what constituted empire. The article focuses on the production and use of pattas, olas, and thombos in the offices of the Dutch zamindar-fiscaal in Chinsurah (Bengal) and the Dutch disāva in Jaffna (Sri Lanka). Dutch bureaucracy in these spaces was entrenched in local practices, and created through processes of layering and blending, as evidenced by material and linguistic characteristics. The deeds and registers recorded essential aspects of life such as labor, marriage, and transactions of property, and the article shows how such paperwork mattered to villagers in Chinsurah and Jaffna. The production of the deeds and registers itself could include a public spectacle, and we argue that this performative aspect of the local bureaucracy added to the perceived relevance of the paperwork. Furthermore, through an analysis of legal cases we reconstruct the use and abuse of these bureaucracies by Dutch officials and local inhabitants, which signifies a parasitical relationship that is characteristic of so many imperial and colonial spaces. Through a focus on the local bureaucratic practices, the authors shed new light on questions about the character of the Dutch empire, where things never turned out to be exactly as they appeared at first sight.
The Armed Career Criminal Act and the Puzzle of Federal Crime Control in the Reagan Era: “It’s at the state and local levels that problems exist”
Authors: ROSEN CHARLOTTE E.
Published: March 2023

This article examines how Pennsylvania Senator Arlen Specter’s Armed Career Criminal Act attempted to respond to the 1980s crisis of state prison overcrowding while also maintaining a political commitment to get tough on crime. Although commonly thought of as a straightforward punitive sentencing bill, this article shows that the Armed Career Criminal Act was also a desperate attempt to navigate a national crisis of state prison overcrowding in the 1980s that threatened to undercut racialized “get tough” politics and the burgeoning carceral state. In doing so, this article reshapes scholarship on the history of the United States carceral state by demonstrating that the United States’ decentralized political structure and federal government hostility toward funding state correctional expansion created significant gaps between a national discourse of law and order and actual anticrime policy making in the Reagan era, suggesting a far more contested development of the United States prison nation.
Sex-dimorphic pathways in the associations between maternal trait anxiety, infant BDNF methylation, and negative emotionality
Authors: Nazzari Sarah , Grumi Serena , Mambretti Fabiana , Villa Marco , Giorda Roberto , Bordoni Matteo , Pansarasa Orietta , Borgatti Renato , Provenzi Livio
Published: March 2023

Maternal antenatal anxiety is an emerging risk factor for child emotional development. Both sex and epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, may contribute to the embedding of maternal distress into emotional outcomes. Here, we investigated sex-dependent patterns in the association between antenatal maternal trait anxiety, methylation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF DNAm), and infant negative emotionality (NE). Mother–infant dyads (N = 276) were recruited at delivery. Maternal trait anxiety, as a marker of antenatal chronic stress exposure, was assessed soon after delivery using the Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). Infants’ BDNF DNAm at birth was assessed in 11 CpG sites in buccal cells whereas infants’ NE was assessed at 3 (N = 225) and 6 months (N = 189) using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R). Hierarchical linear analyses showed that higher maternal antenatal anxiety was associated with greater 6-month-olds’ NE. Furthermore, maternal antenatal anxiety predicted greater infants’ BDNF DNAm in five CpG sites in males but not in females. Higher methylation at these sites was associated with greater 3-to-6-month NE increase, independently of infants’ sex. Maternal antenatal anxiety emerged as a risk factor for infant’s NE. BDNF DNAm might mediate this effect in males. These results may inform the development of strategies to promote mothers and infants’ emotional well-being.
The Life and Death of Homes at Noh K'uh: The Cosmological Ceremonies of Late Preclassic Corporate Maya Households
Authors: Juarez Santiago
Published: March 2023

The Late Preclassic (400 b.c.–a.d. 200) site of Noh K'uh in Chiapas, Mexico, is home to extended residential groups that aggregated around a small ceremonial complex at the bottom of the Mensäbäk Basin. Evidence collected from domestic contexts indicates that the Late Preclassic households of this site were organized under corporate political systems that emphasized collective identity and cosmological renewal. This article reveals how the people of Noh K'uh integrated cosmological beliefs and practices within the construction of their dwelling spaces, particularly through using cache deposits and participating in other architectural renewal ceremonies. Residents of Noh K'uh may have engaged in these practices to create “semipublic” gathering spaces for administrative and ceremonial activities at the level of the household.
Comment on ‘Importance of real-time measurement of sperm head morphology in intracytoplasmic sperm injection’ by Fumiaki Itoi et al.
Authors: Lukaszuk Krzysztof , Wocławek Potocka Izabela , Jakiel Grzegorz , Olszewska Jolanta , Lukaszuk Aron , Knight Anna
Published: March 2023

We present a commentary on the article published in the Zygote FirstView: ‘Importance of real-time measurement of sperm head morphology in intracytoplasmic sperm injection’ by Fumiaki Itoi and colleagues. We comment on the importance of providing the microscope setup details whenever sperm morphology visualization is discussed. The claim of ×6000–10,000 magnification is misleading as such levels of magnification are impossible to achieve.
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and T2D diabetes in the Eastern Caribbean
Authors: Oladele Carol R , Khandpur Neha , Galusha Deron , Hassan Saria , Colón-Ramos Uriyoán , Miller Mary , Adams Oswald P , Maharaj Rohan G , Nazario Cruz M , Nunez Maxine , Pérez-Escamilla Rafael , Hassell Trevor , Nunez-Smith Marcella
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are implicated in the increasing risk of diabetes in the Caribbean. Few studies have examined associations between SSB consumption and diabetes in the Caribbean.

Design:

SSB was measured as teaspoon/d using questions from the National Cancer Institute Dietary Screener Questionnaire about intake of soda, juice and coffee/tea during the past month. Diabetes was measured using self-report, HbA1C and use of medication. Logistic regression was used to examine associations.

Setting:

Baseline data from the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network Cohort Study (ECS), collected in Barbados, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago and US Virgin Islands, were used for analysis.

Participants:

Participants (n 1701) enrolled in the ECS.

Results:

Thirty-six percentage of participants were unaware of their diabetes, 33% aware and 31% normoglycaemic. Total mean intake of added sugar from SSB was higher among persons 40–49 (9·4 tsp/d), men (9·2 tsp/d) and persons with low education (7·0 tsp/d). Participants who were unaware (7·4 tsp/d) or did not have diabetes (7·6 tsp/d) had higher mean SSB intake compared to those with known diabetes (5·6 tsp/d). In multivariate analysis, total added sugar from beverages was not significantly associated with diabetes status. Results by beverage type showed consumption of added sugar from soda was associated with greater odds of known (OR = 1·37, 95 % CI (1·03, 1·82)) and unknown diabetes (OR = 1·54, 95 % CI (1·12, 2·13)).

Conclusions:

Findings indicate the need for continued implementation and evaluation of policies and interventions to reduce SSB consumption in the Caribbean.
Exile and Memory in Post-Franco Spain: Julián Orbón's Libro de cantares (1987)
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ EVA MOREDA
Published: March 2023

In the song cycle Libro de cantares (1987), Spanish-Cuban composer Julián Orbón (1925–91) entered into a dialogue with the work of two other men who, like him, were displaced under the Franco regime: he re-used Asturian folk songs compiled by Eduardo Martínez Torner in 1920; and he followed compositional models deployed by Manuel de Falla in Siete canciones populares españolas (1914). In this article I argue how, by doing so, Orbón engaged in individual and collective memory-building processes that matched to an extent but also diverged from similar processes that were then underway in Spain in the 1980s (following the end of the Franco regime in 1975) and, particularly, in Orbón's natal region of Asturias. I also argue that Orbón's understandings of memory and modernity are unique within the context of displaced twentieth-century Spanish composers, and as such afford us opportunities to reconsider these crucial categories.
The Parish Communion Movement: The Body’s Discipleship
Authors: Bullimore Matthew
Published: March 2023

This essay explores the corporate and social dimensions of discipleship by examining the theological vision of the Parish Communion movement of the last century. It outlines what the Parish Communion movement sought to achieve liturgically and how that was undergirded by its underlying ecclesiology. Elements of the theology underpinning the movement are examined, including its corporate Body theology and its social theology. How these themes contribute to contemporary elaborations of discipleship are then explored, including a reflection on the legacy of the movement in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.
The right to food and substantive equality as complementary frameworks in addressing women's food insecurity
Authors: Domingo-Cabarrubias Leavides G.
Published: March 2023

In international human rights law, the right to food has become a widely accepted legal and normative framework for tackling the problem of food insecurity. However, as currently formulated, the right to food is insufficient as a framework to tackle gender-specific barriers that impede women's access to food, which has contributed to the persistence of women's food insecurity globally. While the equal enjoyment of the right to food is guaranteed by the non-discrimination and equality provisions in international law, this notion of equality, associated with the formal equality approach, fails to recognise and address women's historical experience of systemic discrimination. This article argues that women's food insecurity should be approached from a broader formulation of the right to food that is informed by a substantive equality perspective, drawing from contemporary interpretations and elucidations by human rights bodies which have pushed for a more substantive notion of equality.
Immunotherapy in Urological, Gynecological and Gastrointestinal Cancers – Current Landscape
Authors: Borgeaud Maxime , Courtes Marie-Gabrielle , Tsantoulis Petros , Bodmer Alexandre , Labidi-Galy Intidhar , Koessler Thibaud
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Immunotherapy is becoming increasingly important in the management of urological, gynecological, and gastrointestinal cancers. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combinations have become a standard of care for patients with metastatic renal and liver cancers, as well as for many patients with bladder, cervical, gastric, and esophageal cancers, based on various biomarkers. Some tumor types are less responsive to immunotherapy, such as prostate and colon cancer. In these tumors, however, a subgroup of patients with a microsatellite-instability-high/DNA-mismatch repair deficient molecular phenotype significantly benefits from immunotherapy. Molecular characterization is therefore essential to identify patients who may benefit from these treatments. One of the major challenges is the search for new predictive biomarkers and novel combinations or strategies to further improve patient outcome.