bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of an Effi-Cycle Frame Structure by Using Different Grades of Steel
Authors: Mathur Rajat , Dubey Rahul , Singh Ripudaman , Singh Rudra Pratap , Yadav Jeetendra Kumar
Published: September 2024

This research paper provides a detailed overview of the design of a efficycle frame structure using 3D CAD software CATIA V5. The research follows all the norms of the SAE Efficycle rulebook 2022. The study analyzes the impact resistance of different grades of steel, including (1020), (4130), (4340), and (6150), using ANSYS 2022 through Frontal, Side, and Roll Over Tests. In this research paper, we go through a detailed examination of the frame structure to determine the maximum stress, overall deformation, and safety factor for each material. After the detailed study and analysis, our testing results reflected a positive result for the AISI 4340 which has been identified as the optimal material choice for the Efficycle Frame, considering the results during the tests and its higher yield strength and strength-to-weight ratio. Over the detailed study, we come to the conclusion that the frame is safe for front, side, and rollover impacts, with a satisfactory Factor of Safety (FOS) of above 2. The paper represents the importance of material selection with an optimization of the strength, safety, and weight, which can give a detailed study analysis for advanced applications in the automotive industry and beyond. The research’s limitations are that we use a single-vehicle model designed in CATIA v5 and a limited number of impact environments.
Parallel Finite Element Analysis of 1D and 2D Problems of Heat Distribution in Mine Ventilation Galleries
Authors: Narayan Ashish , Kumar Bhupal , Kumar Ranjan , Kumar Subodh
Published: September 2024

The analyses of large-scale numerical problems of mining domain such as heat dissipation from rock strata to the ventilation air in large network of underground mine galleries are usually time taking process and require huge computational resources. To overcome this issue, High Performance Computing system (HPC) can be utilized to expedite the numerical analysis process for solving the problems within a reasonable time. In order to utilize HPC, this paper developed parallel finite element codes for solving heat conduction problems of mine galleries. The developed C++ codes of parallel FE are applied in solving 1D and 2D heat conduction problems. For the comparative analysis of 1D and 2D problems, the number of unknown nodes is fixed. It is observed that the computational time reduced when the number of processors increased. On the other hand, the computational time took longer time in 2D problem in comparison to that in 1D. Graphics User Interface (GUI) is also developed in terms of number of nodes of mesh, the boundary temperatures and length of the element. To sum up, the work of this paper reveals that the parallel computing is highly efficient in solving the large scale numerical geo-mining problems.
Deformation Behaviour Analysis of Structures for Impact Loading
Authors: Ramesh G. V. , Kushal B. , Charan K. N. , Mohan R.R. , Manjunath C. T.
Published: September 2024

Materials used structures that undergo impact in various applications such as helmets that are used in sports and mining applications, bumpers in cars and space vehicles, play a major role in protecting human life and structures. In this paper, we present the design of auxetic structure, which can sustain more impact when compared to conventional structures. Auxetic structures have negative Poisson's ratio which aids them to behave in a different way. These structures contract (expand) transversely under uniaxial compression (tension). Auxetics is a term used to describe materials and structures that have this property. A comprehensive review of previous auxetics research is presented, covering diverse auxetic cellular models, naturally observed auxetic behaviour, various desirable auxetic features, and potential applications. In this study, the deformation behaviour of auxetic re-entrant structure is compared with conventional structures to know the behaviour of auxetic structures. Various structures are analysed using FEA software such as Ansys and Abaqus Explicit for different application purposes. This paper proposes the possibilities of developing new sustainable structures for use in absorbing impact structures in mining and automobile, among other possible applications.
Fabrication of a System to Convert Waste Plastic into Fuel
Authors: Arun S. B. , Harsha Vardhan P. , Nandan K. B. , Preetam N. S. , Rajath T. M.
Published: September 2024

The widespread use of plastics in numerous industries over the worldwide has expanded its output throughout time. The constant demand for plastics resulted in the piling of its garbage in landfills, which occupied a lot of space and contributed to the environmental disaster. Plastics consumption increased, resulting in the depletion of petroleum products which is a non-renewable fossil energy source, as plastics were petroleum-based materials. As a result, pyrolysis is offered as a tertiary recycling method. Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of materials in the absence of oxygen at high temperatures (or an inert atmosphere). In the presence of heat, it is a chemical reaction process that includes the molecular breakdown of bigger molecules into smaller ones. Plastic trash pyrolysis might play an essential role in transforming this solid waste with high thermal energy into power and commercially expensive hydrocarbons that can be utilised as fuels or feed stock in the petrochemical sector. The composition of the plastic waste influences the end product yields and attributes. This work has unleashed the possibilities to obtain the fuel from the waste plastics, utilising the renewable resources with the temperature range of about 180-220 °C was achieved with our pyrolysis reactor. The fuel with different compositions of plastics were obtained through the pyrolysis method under the absence of the oxygen in a closely monitored environment obtaining a combustible fuel and later on, the fuel properties were tested and analysed with various trial and error methods.
Assessing the Sustainability of Diverse Biofuels through Life Cycle and Techno-Economic Analysis
Authors: Parida Nisit Kumar , Jha Kavita , Nigam Ravi
Published: September 2024

The global shift towards sustainable energy sources has spurred extensive exploration of biofuels as promising substitutes for traditional fossil fuels. Yet, pinpointing the optimal biofuel necessitates a nuanced evaluation across environmental, economic, and technological fronts. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of three prominent biofuels—biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas—employing a multi-faceted assessment framework integrating both Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA). Through a comprehensive examination encompassing environmental impacts, economic viability, and operational efficacy, this research offers insights into the strengths and limitations inherent in each biofuel variant. By shedding light on the sustainability prospects of these biofuels across diverse applications, the findings aim to furnish stakeholders with informed guidance for selecting the most fitting and sustainable biofuel options.
Wear Characteristics of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy under Dry Sliding Condition against Hardened Alloy EN31 Steel Disc
Authors: Das Anil Kumar
Published: September 2024

Magnesium alloys are very interesting materials used for engineering applications such as automotive, and aerospace industries. Wear is a degradation of material from surface of the workpiece when it is subjected to sliding motion. Also, coefficient of friction is important factor which affects the rate of wear and application of engineering materials. Wear and friction are important characteristics for making the mechanical components subjected to sliding motion. Hence study of wear and friction phenomenon of engineering materials like magnesium alloy is necessary. In this article tribological characteristics of magnesium alloy AZ91D against hardened alloy EN31 steel as counter disc has been studied. The pin-on-disc (POD) wear and friction test had been used for the analysis of failure of materials under sliding motion. The wear test was performed on 10N, 20N, 30N, and 40 N loads with sliding velocities of 0.42m/s, 0.52m/s, 0.63m/s and 0.73m/s. The effect of the sliding distance and the normal load on the wear rate, wear depth and the coefficient of friction has been investigated. The main wear mechanism was found to be plastic deformation and thermal softening.
Combustion Characteristics of a Variable Compression Ratio Diesel Engine Using Hibiscus Cocos nucifera Biodiesel and Taguchi Optimization
Authors: Babji Alapati , Rambabu Govada , Balaji Naik D. , Jonnagiri Sowmya
Published: September 2024

Biodiesel is a sustainable and renewable fuel to replace the conventional diesel. Biodiesel produced from hibiscus cocos nucifera oil was employed in a variable compression ratio diesel engine. The combustion characteristics of an engine were studied with different blends at various compression ratios 15, 16, 17 and 18. Experimental outcomes are compared with diesel fuel. The cylinder pressure is improved for blend B20 at compression ratio 18. The cumulative heat release is improved for blend B5 at compression ratio 17. Net heat release is highest for B10 at CR15. The mean gas temperature for B5 blend at compression ratio 17 has a maximum. To optimise combustion parameters, the Taguchi method was applied. The optimal values of the combustion parameters are 65.65 bar cylinder pressure, 7.26 bar/deg rate of pressure rise, 75.46 J/deg net heat release, 0.96 KJ cumulative heat release and 1424.54℃ mean gas temperature respectively, at maximum load, 16:1 compression ratio, and B20 blend using the Taguchi technique.
Multiquadric Collocations for Nonlinear Vibration of Functionally Graded Plates of Ti–6Al–4V Metal
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Singh Bhagat , Shrivastava Yogesh , Kumar Sunil
Published: September 2024

While Finite Element Method (FEM) has proven reliable for analyzing linear or nonlinear stresses in materials, structures, and fluid flows, its reliance on mesh generation can escalate project simulation costs. In contrast, mesh- free techniques offer an alternative by directly generating system algebraic equations for the entire issue domain, bypassing the need for a preset mesh. This study focuses on investigating the nonlinear free vibration response of shear-deformable Functionally Graded Material (FGM) plates. These plates are expected to exhibit varying material properties, following a power-law distribution linked to the volume fractions of constituent materials as plate thickness increases. Utilizing shear deformation theories and von Karman nonlinear kinematics, the study seeks a mathematical solution for the real physical issues encountered in these plates. To address these challenges, a meshless method employing the Multi Quadric Radial Basis Function (MQRBF) is employed for evaluation. The computed results reveal insights into how different material properties and amplitudes influence the nonlinear free vibration response of composite plates. Comparing these outcomes to prior research demonstrates promising progress in this area.
From Powders to Alloys: A Study of the Mechanical Alloying Process and Sintering
Authors: Mahale Rayappa Shrinivas , Vasanth Shamanth , Sharath P. C. , Shashanka R. , Kanaginahal Gangadhar M. , Raibole Vaibhav , Goggi Krishnamurthy , Patil Adarsh , Angadi S. B.
Published: September 2024

This study explores the intricacies of mechanical alloying, aiming to unlock its potential in modern engineering. It investigates the impact of milling duration, ball-to-powder ratio, and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-7Zn-2.5Mg-2.5Cu alloy and Al7075 alloy. Mechanical alloying can produce alloys with exceptional hardness, strength, and ductility, while grain size can be controlled by adjusting milling parameters. Experimental techniques like X-Ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal microstructural changes during mechanical alloying, aiding in understanding metastable phases and element segregation, which influence the alloy’s properties. Sintering, the subsequent consolidation step, determines final properties, with a trade-off between grain size and mechanical qualities observed at different sintering temperatures. This trade-off presents an intriguing avenue for developing materials with optimal properties. The study also explores potential applications of mechanical alloying across industries, including aerospace, biomedical, and energy. These unique mechanical alloys are attractive for various uses, from structural to catalytic and magnetic materials. They have the potential to revolutionize industries and drive technological advancements.
Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of LDSS2101 Using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
Authors: Gudikandula Sravanthi , Sharma Ambuj , Kumar Amit , Sunil B. Ratna , Jha Pushkar
Published: September 2024

The Lean Duplex Stainless Steels (LDSS) consisting of low alloying element composition are a good alternative in comparison to the Duplex stainless steels and Austenitic stainless steels because of their low cost. These LDSSs are commonly used in nuclear and marine industries, desalination plants, and pressure vessels where enhanced mechanical and corrosion behavior are major requirements. In this paper, LDSS2101 is welded using Gas tungsten arc welding by heat input 0.85 kJ/mm in order to enhance the microstructural and mechanical properties. The influence of the heat input is studied to understand the microstructural characterization using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties such as tensile and impact energy using fracture analysis are examined. Also, the scratch hardness is evaluated and compared with the micro-hardness to understand the performance of weldments. The effect of heat input carried on GTAW of 2101 has led to the significant microstructural evolution in the welded zone with good austenite reformation. The mechanical results of the weldment showed the enhancement in welded zone which is likely suitable for industrial applications.
ROM-based Inference Method Built on Deep Learning for Sleep Stage Classification
Authors: AlMeer Mohamed H. , Hassen Hanadi , Nawaz Naveed
Published: September 2024

We used a classical deep feedforward neural network (DFFNN) for an automatic sleep stage scoring based on a single-channel EEG signal. We used an open-available dataset, randomly selecting one healthy young adult for both training (≈5%) and evaluation (≈95%). We also augmented the validation by using 5-fold cross validations for the result comparisons. We introduced a new method for inferring the trained network based on a ROM module (memory concept), so it would be faster than directly inferring the trained Deep Neural Network (DNN). The ROM content is filled after the DNN network is trained by the training set and inferred using the testing set. An accuracy of 97% was achieved in inferring the test datasets using ROM when compared to the classic trained DNN inference process.
Cloud-based Service GeoGebra and Its Use in the Educational Process: the BYOD-approach
Authors: Semenikhina Elena , Drushlyak Marina , Bondarenko Yuliia , Kondratiuk Svitlana , Dehtiarova Nelia
Published: September 2024

The authors propose one of the possible ways to solve the problem of insufficient number of computers in public educational institutions and limited access to computer classes in Ukraine. Such a way is the introduction of the BYOD-approach (Bring Your Own Device) in the learning process. The authors specify the content and correlation of the concepts of "information technologies", "computer technologies", "cloud technologies" to determine the type of GeoGebra service. The authors propose different ways of using the GeoGebra service. They are studied to prepare future math teachers for the use of modern information (digital) technologies in professional activities.
Diophantine Geometry in Space E2 and E3
Authors: Ďuriš Viliam , Šumný Timotej
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we are focusing on solving Diophantine equations with geometry. Integers that are solutions of Diophantine equations are represented in space by a lattice. We will use the fact that equations can be interpreted geometrically as curves or surfaces. To determine the properties of the solutions, we will use tangents (of the surface).
Automated Visual Inspection for Bottle Caps Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Prabuwono Anton Satria , Usino Wendi , Yazdi Leila , Basori Ahmad Hoirul , Bramantoro Arif , Syamsuddin Irfan , Yunianta Arda , S. Allehaibi Khalid Hamed
Published: September 2024

Automated Visual Inspection System (AVIS) has the capability to investigate large numbers of manufactured goods quickly and accurately. In addition, this system operates with a high level of reliability and consistency in their tasks. This study proposed an AVIS for detecting cap situations by using fuzzy logic classifiers. The objectives of this research are to develop an applicable image processing algorithm, together with a feature extraction technique, and to detect the cap for plastic bottles which is based on the average of distances. Three types of classification were compared for detecting the bottle caps. They are Mamdani, Sugeno, and production rule. The system was evaluated in a real time environment. The results are 97.91%, 97.5%, 96.66% accuracy for Mamdani, Sugeno, and production rule respectively.
Applying Technology to Enhance Student Satisfaction and Engagement: Case of Business Students
Authors: Sahni Jolly
Published: September 2024

Extending learning beyond the walls of classroom is inevitable to enhance student satisfaction. Past studies have researched blended learning in silo, and not much attention has been paid to learner’s characteristics. The objective of this study is to examine the complex relationship among stuent satisfaction, engagement, blended learning and learner’s characteristics. Data was collected from LMS records, focus-group interviews and self-administered surveys. The findings depict that business students were highly engaged and satisfied with blended learning. The present study contributes to the literature and proposes an integrated framework of blended learning and student engagement with moderating role of learner’s proficiency.
How do Prospective Teachers Manage Students’ Learning of Mathematics?
Authors: Siswono Tatag Yuli Eko , Hartono Sugi , Wachidul Kohar Ahmad , Karim Karim , Lastiningsih Netti
Published: September 2024

This article describes the preferences of a prospective teacher on the management of learning mathematics in the classroom. This descriptive research involves nine prospective elementary teachers at a state university in Indonesia. Data were collected through the task of designing learning scenarios that included a variety of student ability options. Results show that they prefer to apply problem-based learning and cooperative learning and selecting choices of learning approaches mainly based on the level of student mathematical ability, instead of gender and motivation. As a suggestion, prospective teachers need to be given skills to make argumentative decisions in deciding the appropriate learning approaches.
Yapay Zekâ Programlarının Tekstil Baskı Tasarımında Kullanılması: Runway ML / Paul Klee Örneği
Authors: Atış Kader , Can Duygu İrem
Published: September 2024

Teknoloji, tasarım alanlarında hızla gelişmekte tasarımcılara çalışabilecekleri yeni iş alanları oluşturmaktadır. Alışılagelmiş tasarım süreçleri ile ilgili tüm bilinenleri bilgisayar ortamında tasarımcılara sunmaktadır. Tasarımcılar ürünlerini 3 boyutlu olarak oluşturulabildiği programlar sayesinde üretime hazır ürünlerini ve kalıplarını oluşturabilmektedir. Tekstil ve moda alanında bu programa örnek olarak CLO 3D giysi tasarım programı gösterilebilir. Hazırlanan tasarım ile ilgili kalıplar, kumaşlar, aksesuarlar, renk vb hizmeti sunmaktadır. Teknoloji ile iç içe olduğumuz bu dönemde son yıllarda yapay zekâ yazılım programları ile ilgili pek çok çalışmaya rastlanmaktadır. Grafik tasarım alanında yapılan çalışmalar yapay zekâ programlarının tasarım alanlarında kullanılabilirliğine katkı sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmalar ışığında yapay zekâ programlarının tekstil ve moda tasarım alanlarında kullanımı bu çalışmanın konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışma kapsamında Runway yapay zekâ programı ile tekstil alanında baskı tasarımları oluşturulmuştur. Yapay zekâ ile baskı tasarımlarının oluşturulmasında ressam Paul Klee’ nin sanat eserlerinden ilham alınmıştır. Baskı raporu olarak oluşturulan çıktılar Adobe İllüstratör programı üzerinden düzenlenmiştir. Hazırlanan baskı çıktıları ile CLO giysi tasarım programında ev tekstili alanı yatak odası grubu için ürünler hazırlanmıştır.
The Role of Big Data Analysis in Fashion Design
Authors: Çetiner Muazzez
Published: September 2024

Today, as the contemporary, economic and cultural landscape becomes increasingly volatile, the dynamics of the fashion industry are becoming less predictable. The fast-changing fashion industry is constantly generating data. Big data is a powerful tool that offers new and exciting opportunities for fashion designers. It is used for different purposes such as understanding consumer behaviour, predicting trends and creating more personalized products. Design processes that were previously driven by intuition and instinct have become more fluid, data and goal-oriented with the opportunities offered by big data. This article aims to reveal the purposes of using big data by investigating fashion design models based on big data in the fashion industry in recent years. For this purpose, the current models of big data in fashion design, its limitations and development direction are discussed. While many of the areas of use of big data in the fashion industry (trend analysis, demographic, geographical analysis, age and gender, etc.) have been intensively researched, the number of purely design-oriented research is only recently increasing. This study is unique in that it focuses on the design phenomenon and applications of big data in fashion. In this context, there is no academic study in the national literature. It is expected to contribute to the discussion on the effects of big data and big data-based digital technologies in fashion design.
HPV among men – what knowledge we have in this field
Authors: Fiegler-Rudol Jakub , Kryszczyszyn-Musialik Katarzyna , Lau Karolina
Published: September 2024

Wirus brodawczaka ludzkiego (human papillomavirus – HPV) jest powszechnym wirusem DNA przenoszonym drogą płciową. Zakażenie może przebiegać bezobjawowo lub z łagodnymi objawami, takimi jak brodawki narządów płciowych i skóry. Jest to powszechny czynnik etiologiczny związany z różnymi nowotworami, szczególnie z rakiem szyjki macicy. Częstość występowania HPV narządów płciowych u zdrowych mężczyzn jest wysoka i w niektórych populacjach może być wyższa niż u kobiet. Wirus jest przenoszony drogą płciową. Metody antykoncepcyjne nie chronią przed transmisją, gdyż wirus może być przenoszony przez skórę moszny. Ryzyko różni się w zależności od czynników, takich jak kraj zamieszkania, status społeczno-ekonomiczny, pochodzenie etniczne, a także stosowane metody przesiewowe. Czynniki populacyjne wpływają na akceptację szczepionki przeciwko HPV. Świadomość dotycząca wirusa HPV w ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad wzrosła, przy czym kobiety są obecnie lepiej poinformowane. Jednak świadomość ta jest nadal niewystarczająca, zwłaszcza wśród niektórych grup demograficznych. Mimo iż mężczyźni wykazują obecnie podobny poziom wiedzy w tym zakresie jak kobiety, znaczny odsetek z nich nie został zaszczepiony. Mężczyźni są nie tylko ważnym wektorem infekcji; HPV jest też skorelowany z kilkoma zmianami nowotworowymi obserwowanymi u mężczyzn. Postawy wobec szczepień przeciwko HPV są różne, a niektóre z nich wynikają z niechęci do szczepień, która z kolei jest powiązana z wiedzą. Osoby te są narażone na większe ryzyko ze względu na niższe wskaźniki szczepień przeciwko HPV.
Advances in understanding the cellular basis of feed efficiency in poultry muscle
Authors:   University of Arkansas, USA, Bottje Walter , Lassiter Kentu ,   University of Arkansas, USA
Published: September 2024

Feed efficiency is a complex and very important genetic trait in broiler production. Content in this chapter is an overview of over 20 years of research of investigating mitochondrial physiology, gene and protein expression that enables a ‘proteogenomic picture’ to be ‘painted’ to aid in understanding of feed efficiency in muscle at the cellular level.
Maintaining the safety of poultry feed
Authors:   dsm-firmenich Nutritional Products, Switzerland, Murugesan G. Raj , Pender Chasity M. ,   dsm-firmenich Nutritional Products NA, USA
Published: September 2024

Natural and artificial contaminants in poultry feed may result in deteriorated feed quality, reduced performance, and increased incidence of disease in poultry, ultimately leading to a significant economic loss for producers. Moreover, since poultry are raised to produce meat and eggs for human consumption, contaminants in poultry feed may also pose risks to human health. This chapter focuses on those contaminants considered to pose the most significant risks to poultry and human health: mycotoxins, dioxins, and bacterial pathogens. Each section will discuss the negative effects of these factors as well as possible control measures that may be implemented to reduce feed contamination and secure feed and food safety.
Advances in broiler breeder nutrition
Authors:   Wageningen Livestock Research, The Netherlands, van Emous R.A
Published: September 2024

Poultry meat is the most important protein source in human diet, and global demand increased annually. Broiler breeders are the parents of broiler and has a substantial impact on the poultry meat chain producing first class hatching eggs with healthy chicks. This is becoming increasingly challenging, because the continuing increase in the genetic growth potential of the offspring and the parent stock as well. Therefore, broiler breeders are feed restricted which on their turn caused abnormal behaviour towards equipment or other birds, which can be indicative of frustration, boredom and hunger. State of the art management for housing, equipment, and health are necessary to optimize reproduction of breeders for a maximum number of healthy offspring. Besides these mentioned factors, diet composition and feeding strategies are important factors to reach this goal.
Advances in understanding and improving the use of amino acids in poultry nutrition
Authors:   University of Arkansas, USA, Kidd M. T. , Liu S. Y. ,   The University of Sydney, Australia, Selle P. ,   The University of Sydney, Australia
Published: September 2024

Knowledge of amino acid formulation minimum constraints in the nutrient matrix are pivotal in order to allow for formulation flexibility, and subsequent broiler productivity at minimum nitrogen supply. Four key amino acid minimums that beg for more research are: arginine, glycine and serine, histidine, and phenylalanine and tyrosine. In this chapter the former have been reviewed.
Advances in understanding and improving the use of enzymes in broiler nutrition
Authors:   Purdue University, USA, Wise Tanner L. , Sung Jung Yeol ,   Purdue University, USA, Adeola Olayiwola ,   Purdue University, USA
Published: September 2024

The supplementation of exogenous enzymes in diets is a common practice in the poultry industry. Different enzymes are used to target specific substrates: phytase acts on phytate, protease acts on proteins of peptides, xylanase acts on arabinoxylan, and amylase acts on starch. The utilization of these enzymes results in the release of target substrate hydrolysis endproducts, leading to enhanced digestibility and improved growth performance. Moreover, the introduction of these enzymes has facilitated the inclusion of various feed ingredients containing anti-nutritional factors in poultry diets, thereby expanding the range of available options and reducing feed costs. Despite their different modes of action and substrates, the use of multiple enzymes concurrently has a potential for synergistic or additive effects. This chapter provides a review of the possible modes of action of these enzymes, as well as recent studies investigating the effects of using these enzymes individually and in combination for broiler chickens.
The use of probiotics and prebiotics to improve gut function and immunity in poultry: unlocking the secrets of avian wellness
Authors:   University of Arkansas, USA, Tellez-Isaias Guillermo , Hernandez-Patlan Daniel ,   Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Solis-Cruz Bruno ,   Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, El-Ashram Saeed ,   Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt, Al-Olayan Ebtsam ,   King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
Published: September 2024

Probiotics and prebiotics boost poultry gut health and immunity. This chapter discusses current research and practical applications of these microbial-based supplements for chicken production. The chicken industry has struggled recently with gastrointestinal disorders, poor meal absorption, and viral infections. Probiotics and prebiotics, non-digestible food additives that boost gut microorganisms, may help. This chapter book explains probiotic and prebiotic interactions with avian gut flora. Probiotics and prebiotics impact poultry intestine bacteria balance, architecture, nutrient digestion, and immune control. The chapter also discusses issues in using probiotics and prebiotics. The chapter aims to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers, poultry nutritionists, veterinarians, and industry professionals interested in the potential benefits and practical applications of probiotics and prebiotics in poultry.
The use of phytogenics in optimizing gut function and health in poultry
Authors:   Agricultural University of Athens, Greece, Mountzouris Konstantinos C. , Brouklogiannis Ioannis ,   Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
Published: September 2024

Gut function and health are pre-requisites for sustainable poultry production and product quality. Phytogenics are bioactive components of plant origin that can protect poultry from the detrimental effects of modern stressor challenges in intensive farming systems via the enhancement of gut integrity, induction of adaptive cytoprotective capacity and the beneficial management of inflammatory response. This chapter covers the use of phytogenics in optimising gut function and health in poultry. It begins by reviewing the main types of phytogenic compound (terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids) as well as general issues relating to phytogenic variability and bioavailability. Following sections review relevant aspects of poultry gut function, particularly critical signaling pathways and gene components that are directly linked to optimal gut function and health. The chapter will then discuss the beneficial effects of phytogenics in the maintenance and protection of gut function and health, focusing particularly on gut barrier integrity, cytoprotection and inflammatory response.
Regresyon Ağaçları ve Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizlerinin PISA 2022 Matematik Okuryazarlığı Becerisini Yordama Performanslarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Aydın Fatma Nur , Atalay Kabasakal Kübra
Published: September 2024

Araştırmada çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizinin ve regresyon ağacı algoritmasının PISA 2022 matematik okuryazarlığı becerisini yordama performanslarına ilişkin kestirimler yapılmıştır. Buna ek olarak yordamada önemli olan değişkenlerin tespiti gerçekleştirilmiştir. Buna göre 6645 kişinin verileri kullanılmıştır. Bağımsız değişkenler olarak dijital kaynakların kullanımı ile ilgili iki anket maddesi, haftalık ders saati sayısı, matematik öz yeterliğine ilişkin iki farklı indeks, matematiksel kavramlara aşinalık, Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojisi kaynakları, ev olanakları, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel statü indeksi, okuduğunu anlama becerisine ilişkin birinci olası değer kullanılmıştır. Tahmin performansları ortalama mutlak hata, ortalama mutlak hata yüzdesi, hata kareler ortalaması, hata kareler ortalamasının kökü, yanlılık, beklenen ve gözlenen değerler arasındaki korelasyon ve açıklanan varyans metriklerine göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre (1) her iki yöntemin tahmin performansı iyi düzeyde olmakla birlikte, çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi daha iyi performans göstermiştir. (2) Her iki yöntemde değişkenlerin önem sıralaması büyük ölçüde benzer olmakla birlikte, en önemli iki değişken okuduğunu anlama puanı ve formal ve uygulamalı matematiğe yönelik öz yeterlik düzeyi olmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar veri setinin özellikleri bağlamında tartışılmıştır.
Le rôle et l'importance de la préservation des billes tropicales destinées au déroulage. Principes généraux et règles de traitement
Authors: Fougerousse M.
Published: September 2024

Lorsqu'ils se présentent sous forme de grumes fraîchement coupées, certains bois tropicaux utilisés dans l'industrie du placage sont particulièrement sujets à divers types de détérioration et, plus particulièrement, à des attaques d'insectes et de champignons. Ces attaques affectent principalement les surfaces extérieures des grumes et sont donc particulièrement dangereuses dans le cas des grumes de placage. Elles doivent donc être prévenues par des mesures de protection appropriées. Compte tenu de la biologie des organismes responsables de la détérioration, cette action doit être prévue dans les forêts, pendant le transport du bois et pendant le stockage des grumes avant le déroulage. Le traitement en forêt est primordial et conditionne toutes les autres opérations ; les règles qui le régissent sont simples mais strictes. En ce qui concerne les espèces fragiles, ce traitement doit être considéré comme une phase très importante de l'exploitation forestière.
Industria (nie)zrewitalizowana. Wrocławska architektura poprzemysłowa po 1989 roku
Authors: Pacholak Adam
Published: September 2024

Polish cities went through a phase of accelerated deindustrialisation after the reforms of the late 1980s and early 1990s, which in many cases resulted in the immediate liquidation and destruction of industrial plants. The case was no different in Wroclaw. Despite several examples of successful adaptations, it can hardly be counted among cities that can boast revitalised post-industrial areas that play an important role in the city’s identity and promotion. The article includes case studies for the destruction of the City Port, the revitalisation of the “Krzywy Komin” Professional Development Centre and the Browar Mieszczanski (Burgeois Brewery), as well as the adaptation of the large-scale investments of the Browar Piastowski (Piast Brewery) and the Wroclaw Industrial Park, which have the potential to become festival marketplaces. Taking into account communication strategies, the influence of investors and the so-called creative class helped to answer the question of why post-industrial implementations comparable to Lodz’s Manufaktura have not been created in the Lower Silesian capital.
Model of fostering resilience in at-risk adolescents through volunteer activities
Authors:   Moscow City University, Faizullina Ksenia A.
Published: September 2024

The vulnerability of at-risk adolescents is manifested in the lack of formation of resilience qualities (positive system of value orientations, adequate assessment of the risk situation, determination, independence, volitional self-regulation, etc.), which together form an integral personal formation that ensures the readiness of adolescents to cope with life's difficulties without harm to physical and mental health. Resilience qualities can be nurtured by involving at-risk adolescents in emotionally intense, collective, interesting for them and beneficial to others, socially significant volunteer activities. Purpose: to develop a model for nurturing resilience in at-risk adolescents in volunteer activities. Research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the studied issue, comparative data analysis, generalization, modeling. Results. The model of fostering the resilience of adolescents at risk in volunteer activities includes interconnected blocks: methodological (approaches and principles on the basis of which the content is developed and the process of educating resilience is implemented); target (formulation of the purpose and the list of tasks); content (represented by an additional general development program for fostering the resilience of adolescents at risk in volunteer activities, including pedagogical support for adolescents at all stages of volunteer activities (preparation for volunteer functions performance, volunteer teams formation, volunteer projects development and implementation, results analysis), which actualizes the manifestation and purposeful fostering of resilience qualities in adolescents); activity (methods, forms and pedagogical technologies for fostering resilience in at-risk adolescents); result (assessment of the effectiveness of fostering resilience in at-risk adolescents); resource (methodological support for fostering resilience in at-risk adolescents in volunteer activities, cooperation of organizations working with adolescents at risk with municipal authorities developing municipal programs with a list of volunteer events and interacting with participants in the volunteer movement with the aim of adolescents participating in city volunteer activities and their acquisition of positive social experience).
Género del empleado y discriminación en el trabajo en Europa
Authors: Francisco-García Laura Carlota , Suárez-Ortega Sonia María
Published: September 2024

La discriminación laboral por género sigue siendo una preocupación, afectando a nuevas empresas y a multinacionales. El presente trabajo analiza la influencia del género en la discriminación laboral en Europa. Los resultados obtenidos revelan mayor probabilidad de discriminación laboral cuando el empleado es mujer o se identifica como persona no binaria, y cuando la rama de ocupación laboral es dominada por mujeres. En cambio, se reduce cuando el jefe inmediato es mujer o cuando existe mayor igualdad de género en el país del empleado. El estudio subraya la necesidad de políticas efectivas para promover la igualdad.
Complex role of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment: an avenue for novel immunotherapies
Authors: Zhang Mao , Qin Haokai , Wu Yingcheng , Gao Qiang
Published: September 2024

Neutrophils, which originate from the bone marrow and are characterized by a segmented nucleus and a brief lifespan, have a crucial role in the body’s defense against infections and acute inflammation. Recent research has uncovered the complex roles of neutrophils as regulators in tumorigenesis, during which neutrophils exhibit a dualistic nature that promotes or inhibits tumor progression. This adaptability is pivotal within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we provide a comprehensive characterization of neutrophil plasticity and heterogeneity, aiming to illuminate current research findings and discuss potential therapeutic avenues. By delineating the intricate interplay of neutrophils in the TME, this review further underscores the urgent need to understand the dual functions of neutrophils with particular emphasis on the anti-tumor effects to facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies against cancer.
Artificial intelligence strengthenes cervical cancer screening – present and future
Authors: Wu Tong , Lucas Eric , Zhao Fanghui , Basu Partha , Qiao Youlin
Published: September 2024

Cervical cancer is a severe threat to women’s health. The majority of cervical cancer cases occur in developing countries. The WHO has proposed screening 70% of women with high-performance tests between 35 and 45 years of age by 2030 to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer. Due to an inadequate health infrastructure and organized screening strategy, most low- and middle-income countries are still far from achieving this goal. As part of the efforts to increase performance of cervical cancer screening, it is necessary to investigate the most accurate, efficient, and effective methods and strategies. Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding its application in cancer screening and diagnosis and deep learning algorithms have offered human-like interpretation capabilities on various medical images. AI will soon have a more significant role in improving the implementation of cervical cancer screening, management, and follow-up. This review aims to report the state of AI with respect to cervical cancer screening. We discuss the primary AI applications and development of AI technology for image recognition applied to detection of abnormal cytology and cervical neoplastic diseases, as well as the challenges that we anticipate in the future.
Opasnost, izmišljena prijetnja‎ ili zavjera? ‎Mediji, politika i odnos prema ‎pandemiji bolesti covid-19‎ i odgovoru na nju u Hrvatskoj‎
Authors: Henjak Andrija , Vuksan-Ćusa Bartul
Published: September 2024

Rad istražuje koji činitelji oblikuju odnos građana prema bolesti COVID-19, ocjenu mjera po‎duzetih protiv bolesti te povjerenje u nacionalni protupandemijski sustav. Kako bi se istražilo u kojoj mjeri ‎socijalni i ekonomski položaj ispitanika, odnos prema tradicionalnim rascjepima, odnos prema politici ‎i stranci na vlasti te odnos prema medijima oblikuju odnos prema bolesti COVID-19, koriste se anketni ‎podatci prikupljeni početkom drugog vala pandemije. Rezultati regresijskih modela pokazuju da su dob, ‎odnos prema političkom sustavu i elitama, politička informiranost i povjerenje u medije činitelji koji su ‎najviše oblikovali odnos javnosti prema bolesti COVID-19, protupandemijskim mjerama i nacionalnom ‎protupandemijskom sustavu. Tradicionalni rascjepi i ekonomski položaj pojedinca imaju znatno manji ‎učinak, dok je odnos prema stranci na vlasti oblikovao ocjenu mjera i stav prema protupandemijskskom ‎sustavu, ali ne i način na koji je shvaćena priroda bolesti COVID-19. Povjerenje u medije pritom je varijabla ‎koja sustavno ima najveći pojedinačni učinak na sve zavisne varijable u analizi‎
Europska politička integracija‎ i koncept europeizacije
Authors: Špehar Hrvoje
Published: September 2024

U radu se istražuje genealogija koncepta europeizacije kao jednog od nosivih pojmova ‎političke teorije europske integracije, naročito s obzirom na institucionalnu pozadinu nastanka europske ‎političke integracije, te utjecaj procesa europeizacije na širi kontekst političkih aktera u političkom sustavu – od javnih politika do europeizacije kolektivnih identiteta. Osobito se istražuje u kakvom su odnosu kon‎cepti europeizacije i medijatizacije politike u suvremenom političkom kontekstu, u kojem se transformira ‎uloga ne samo političkog sustava već i temeljnih društvenih rascjepa i mogućnosti stvaranja političkog ‎ambijenta. U navedenom smislu istražuje se kako je suvremena europska politika također rezultat poli‎tike spektakla, stvaranja demokracije identitetā i kako je ostvarena konceptom praznoga označitelja ‎kao strateškim identitetskim alatom‎.
Alena Tensor and Its Possible Applications in Unification Theories
Authors: Ogonowski Piotr , Skindzier Piotr
Published: September 2024

Alena Tensor is a recently discovered class of energy-momentum tensors that provides mathematical framework in which, as demonstrated in previous publications, the description of a physical system in curved spacetime and its description in flat spacetime with fields are equivalent. The description of a system with electromagnetic field based on Alena Tensor can be used to reconcile physical descriptions. 1) In curvilinear description, Einstein Field Equations were obtained with Cosmological Constant related to the invariant of the electromagnetic field tensor, which can be interpreted as negative pressure of vacuum, filled with electromagnetic field. 2) In classical description for flat spacetime, three densities of four-forces were obtained: electromagnetic, against gravity (any counteraction to gravitational free-fall), and the force responsible for the Abraham-Lorentz effect (radiation reaction force). Obtained connection of Einstein tensor with gravity and radiation reaction force, after transition to curvilinear description, excludes black hole singularities. There was obtained Lagrangian density and generalized canonical four-momentum, containing electromagnetic four-potential and a term responsible for the other two forces. In this description charged particles cannot remain at complete rest and should have spin, their energy results from the existence of energy of magnetic moment and the density of this energy is part of the Poyting four-vector. The distribution of charged matter was expressed as polarization-magnetization stress-energy tensor, what may explain why gravity is invisible in QED. 3) In quantum picture, QED Lagrangian density simplification was obtained, and the Dirac, Schrödinger and Klein-Gordon equations may be considered as approximations of the obtained quantum solution. Farther use of Alena Tensor in unification applications was also discussed.
Wearable Light Loggers in Field Conditions: Corneal Light Characteristics, User Compliance and Acceptance
Authors: Stefani Oliver , Marek Reto , Schwarz Jürg , Plate Sina , Zauner Johannes , Schrader Björn
Published: September 2024

Understanding user challenges with light dosimeters is crucial for designing more acceptable devices and advancing light exposure research. We systematically evaluated the usability and acceptability of the lido (light dosimeter) by 29 participants who wore the dosimeter near the corneal plane of the eye for 5 days. Common reasons for not wearing the dosimeter included exercise, recharging, wet environments, public settings, and discomfort. Despite these issues, participants adhered to using the dosimeter, with high compliance (89% of recording time). Our findings reveal a significant discrepancy between mean melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance (300 lxmEDI) and median values (51 lxmEDI). This discrepancy indicates that, for most of the time, participants experienced significantly lower light levels. Specifically, participants were exposed to light levels above 250 lxmEDI for only 14% of their wearing time. This highlights the need for increased exposure to recommended light levels. In the evening, participants' light exposure was below the recommended 10 lxmEDI for 58% of the wear time, which is in line with the guidelines for reducing light exposure before sleep. This study highlights the critical need for strategies to enhance daily light exposure, aligning better with circadian health recommendations.