bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengelolaan Dana Umrah Berbasis Akad Mudharabah dan Wadi‘Ah Yad Dhamanah dalam Bingkai Investasi
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Isnaini Nur
Published: February 2022

Penulisan artikel ini mendeskripsikan dan mengkaji permasalahan: pertama bagaimanakah pengaturan ekonomi syariah tentang investasi dan penerapannya di dalam pengelolaan dana umrah. Kedua bagaimanakah penerapan akad mudharabah dan akad wadi‘ah yad dhamanah dalam pengelolaan dana umrah berbasis investasi. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan Perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan yang didukung dengan wawancara, instrumen penelitian berupa Al Qur’an, Hadits dan ijma' ulama, selanjutnya teknis analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Islam merupakan agama yang pro investasi. Di dalam akad mudharabah, shaḥibul mal tidak berhak meminta jaminan pengembalian modal kecuali mudharib secara sukarela menjaminnya. Dalam akad wadi‘ah yad dhamanah timbul yang namanya dhaman atau tanggung jawab dari penerima titipan untuk mengembalikan barang dari penitip, dan penitip dapat sewaktu-waktu mengambil barang tersebut. Penerapan akad mudharabahdan wadi‘ah yad dhamanah dalam pengelolaan dana umrah harus tetap menjamin terpenuhinya hak dan pelayanan jamaah
NOTAS SOBRE EL SURGIMIENTO DEL ESTADO MODERNO. EL EJERCICIO DEL PODER SOBERANO DEL ESTADO
Authors: Silva Jorge Alberto
Published: February 2022

El ejercicio del poder soberano es lo que describe al Estado moderno. El surgimiento del Estado moderno es un tema que encaja en el derecho internacional. La posibilidad de ser uno mismo, de ser un Estado que se autogobierne, es lo que describe al Estado moderno y el hecho es que esta nota o característica no puede contarse a lo largo de los tiempos. Es una nota que viene de la Época Moderna en virtud de la cual se tratará de explicar este fenómeno, a partir de una exposición de los hechos históricos que se vinieron presentando y que dieron lugar al llamado Estado moderno, que no debe confundirse con el Estado de derecho.
English Students Association (ESA) for Developing The English Skills of English Education Department Students in STAIN KUDUS
Authors: Suciati Suciati
Published: February 2022

This study aims to identify the role of English Students Association (ESA) in developing English Skills of English Education Department (EED) students, identify the factors influencing the students to develop their English Skills in ESA and find the solution for the problems. This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in STAIN Kudus, especially focus on ESA programs or activities. The participants of this research were the students of EED STAIN Kudus who join ESA. The data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation analysis. There were three results. First, the role of ESA in developing English skills of EED students is important and very big, especially for improving their speaking skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing). Second, there are internal and external factors influencing the EED students to develop their English Skills in ESA. The internal factors are students’ self motivation and character.  And the external factors are environment (class or other friends’ condition/influence), syllabus/lesson plan, materials/programs, teaching technique/strategy, level of regulation, and several agenda/programs in the same time. And third, solutions for the problems are the existence of clear organization structure and regulation, well-organized materials/class, interesting and fun programs, students and lecturers’ support and appreciation.
The Implementation of Role Play to Improve EFL Speaking Skill of The Second Semester Students of IAIN KUDUS
Authors: Nikmah Alfu
Published: February 2022

Abstract:  Speaking is one of the important language skills. Speaking relates to daily life as communication tool. It indicates students mastering English. Unfortunately the fact has shown that the students faced many problems  to improve their speaking skill because they were accustomed to use their native language in their daily life than using English. The above facts make the lecturer apply some techniques that can motivate students to speak and engage students in encouraging their speaking. One of the techniques that encourage students to speak is role play. Role play is the choice implemented by the researcher in improving the speaking skill of the first year students at IAIN Kudus  since using role play, the students can express their idea, opinion, and feeling well in their performance without being worried to make mistake. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the result of this research was satisfying. This research claims that it was successful in the effort in improving students’ English speaking skill through Role-Play. Role-Play activity could increase the students’ motivation in joining the teaching and learning. Their motivation was  reflected in their efforts in preparing the Role-Play.
High Median Nerve Entrapment by Fracture Callus in Surgically Treated Pediatric Supracondylar Humeral Fracture
Authors: Yano Koichi , Ishiko Megumi , Iida Ken , Sasaki Kosuke , Kojima Takahito , Kaneshiro Yasunori , Sakanaka Hideki
Published: February 2022

Case:

We describe a patient with incomplete high median nerve palsy after surgical treatment of pediatric supracondylar humeral fracture (SCHF). Preoperative images after 11 months after the surgical treatment of the SCHF showed rotational deformity and an isolated median nerve entrapped between the proximal humerus anteriorly and callus posteriorly in the bony tunnel of the distal humerus. Two years after neurolysis, he showed clinical recovery. Four cases similar to our case were reported previously.

Conclusion:

Common pediatric fractures may cause unusual neuropathy. Rotational deformity of fracture might be an important factor for isolated median nerve entrapment after SCHF.
Küresel Çözümsüzlükten Vatan Muharebesine: Dağlık Karabağ’da Minsk Grubu’nun Rolü Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ÖZSOY Bahar , AYDEMİR BAŞ Fatma Betül
Published: February 2022

Sovyetlerin dağılması ile etnik temelli çatışma alanlarından birine dönüşen Kafkasya’da Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan arasındaki sorun 1992 yılında AGİT’in konuya müdahil olmasıyla uluslararası bir nitelik kazanmıştır. Çok geçmeden imzalanan anlaşmayla soruna barışçıl yollardan çözüm aranmasına karşın gerek tarafların ortak paydada buluşamaması gerekse de Temas Hattında zaman zaman artan sıcak çatışmalar bölgede savaş ihtimalini her daim canlı tutmuştur. Nitekim, üzerine onlarca senaryo yazılan bu ihtimal 27 Eylül-10 Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında gerçekleşmiş ve Minsk Grubu’nun masada sağlayamadığı çözüm sahada Azerbaycan’ın üstünlüğü ile sağlanmıştır. Çalışma, Azerbaycan-Ermenistan arasındaki sorunun çözümünde arzu edilmeyen seçenek olan savaş ihtimalinin gerçekleşmesinde en büyük sorumluluğu Minsk Grubu’nun taşıdığını iddia etmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, Dağlık Karabağ meselesinin bölgesel bir sorun iken tarafların AGİT’e üye olması ile küresel çözümsüzlüğe, oradan da Vatan Muharebesine dönüşmesinde Minsk Grubu’nun etkisi ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmanın son bölümünde 44 günlük savaşa giden süreç ve imzalanan anlaşmaya yer verilerek Savaşın taraflar üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir.
Influencia del Currículo de Educación Primaria de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid sobre el nivel de competencia acuática de su alumnado
Authors: Sanz Arribas Ismael , Albarracín Pérez Apolonia
Published: February 2022

Antecedentes: La bibliografía y el sentido común señalan que saber nadar disminuye el riesgo de ahogamiento, pero no garantiza la supervivencia en el agua. Según informes de la OMS, se sabe que las muertes por ahogamientos son más frecuentes en países con rentas bajas y medias. Aunque España es un país con índice de desarrollo humano muy alto, en gran parte de sus currículos educativos no se contempla enseñar a nadar y a evitar el ahogamiento.
Objetivo: El primer objetivo de este estudio es conocer los efectos de la aplicación del Currículo de Educación Primaria de Educación Física de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid sobre el nivel de competencia acuática de su alumnado. El segundo objetivo de estudio es comprobar si el nivel de competencia en el agua que posee el alumnado matriculado en colegios públicos es diferente al que posee el alumnado matriculado en centros privados o concertados.
Método: Se ha comprobado la competencia en el agua de 1.274 estudiantes que cursan el tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. De ellos, 738 estudian en colegios privados o concertados y 536 estudian en centros públicos.
Resultados: Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que, 102 estudiantes (8% del total) no saben nadar absolutamente nada y, 24 estudiantes más (1,9% del total) no son capaces de nadar 25 metros seguidos. Asimismo, el 100% del alumnado que no sabe nadar o que lo hace de forma insegura, está matriculado en colegios públicos.
Conclusiones: Se podría destacar que el Currículo de Educación Primaria de Educación Física de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid no garantiza que el 100% de su alumnado sea mínimamente competente en el agua antes de los 12 años. También se concluye que, el Currículo de este territorio no disminuye el riesgo de ahogamiento de aquellas personas que, por una u otra razón, no disponen de las oportunidades necesarias para aprender a nadar fuera del ámbito escolar. Estos resultados confirman la existencia de un serio problema que la bibliografía especializada ha demostrado que afecta especialmente a la población más desfavorecida.
Palabras clave: natación, currículo, competencia acuática, ahogamiento, justicia social.
Freeform 3D Printing of Soft Hydrogel Electronics
Authors: Hui Yue , Qian Qilin , Yao Yuan , Chen Hehao , Qiao Zheng , Yu Yetian , Zhou Nanjia
Published: February 2022

Soft electronics have attracted enormous attentions in the growing field of bioelectronic integration. Among the various material choices, hydrogels are of particular interest due to their intrinsic similarities with biological tissues. However, challenges still remain for the fabrication of hydrogel electronics, especially those featuring 3D form-factors to conform with the complex biological environment. Here we develop a set of materials which allows for the first time, fully 3D printing of soft electronics featuring soft circuits with arbitrary form factors embedded within soft hydrogel matrix. We design an embedded 3D printing (EM3DP) technology with a curable, ultra-soft (< 5 kPa) and stretchable (λ ~ 18) hydrogel matrix by employing packed hydrogel microparticles possessing a secondary crosslinking capability, and a highly conductive (~1.4×103 S/cm) Ag–hydrogel composite with a segregated conductive network structure. We fabricate various hydrogel-based passive electronics and demonstrate their functionalities. Furthermore, discrete surface-mount components can be readily picked-and-placed at any pre-determined position within the hydrogel matrix and connected with printed passive structures through a highly automated process, thereby greatly expanding the soft electronic functionalities. This work demonstrates the versatility of EM3DP for the future manufacturing of hydrogel-based 3D electronics.
Utilization of Agricultural Waste Biomass And Recycling Towards Circular Bioeconomy
Authors: Sarangi Prakash Kumar , Subudhi Sanjukta , Bhatia Latika , Saha Koel , Mudgil Divya , Shadangi Krushna Prasad , Srivas Rajesh K. , Pattnaik Bhabjit , Arya Raj Kumar
Published: February 2022

The over dependency on conventional fossil energy resources is the consequence of high energy demand and excessive consumption of petroleum fuel, which turns out to be a major concern of 21st century. The burning of fossil fuel is an origin of greenhouse gas emission resulting in the utmost threat to environment subsequently which leads to global climate changes. As far as sustainability is concerned, fuels derived from organic or plant wastes overcome this downside and also are an established solution of the traditional oil resources depletion. In this context, exploration of agricultural residue appears to be a suitable alternate of non-renewable resources to support the environmental feasibility and meet the high energy crisis. Use of agricultural waste rather lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock for biorefinery approach emerges to be an eco-friendly process for the production of biofuel and value-added chemicals intensifying the energy security. Therefore, a prospective choice of this renewable biomass for the synthesis of green fuel such as biobutanol, bioethanol keeps away food versus fuel dilemma and also comes up with favorable outcome in terms of cost effectiveness. Exploiting different agricultural biomass and exploring various biomass conversion techniques, biorefinery generates bioenergy in a strategic way which eventually fit in circular bioeconomy. The view of bioeconomy highlights the fruitful use of agricultural waste biomass in biorefinery acquiring such a system so that the by-products can be further utilized with low or no waste generation to maintain the sustainability and circularity of economy which are critically described.
Research on Driving Waveform and Residual Oscillation in Piezo Inkjet
Authors: Qiu-min WU , Xin-yu CUI , Lei XU , Xin SU
Published: February 2022

Piezoelectric driving system is an important part in inkjet printing equipment. The driving waveform, the structure of print head, and etc., directly affect the ejection characteristics and the printing accuracy of droplets. In this paper, the driving waveform was taken as the research object, then established a finite element analysis model for driving droplet ejection, the influence of each time component (voltage rise time trise, voltage falling time tfall and voltage dwell time tdwell ) of trapezoidal wave on the displacement of the driver and the pressure at the nozzle orifice was studied and optimized. According to the two-phase flow model of the nozzle developed, the relationship between driving parameters (voltage amplitude, voltage dwell time tdwell, and operating frequency) and jetting characteristics (droplet velocity and volume) was obtained. Finally, a bipolar driving waveform was designed to suppress the residual oscillation. The results show that the damping waveform can effectively suppress the residual vibration of the pressure wave and greatly improve the working frequency and printing accuracy of the inkjet printing head.
Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Profiling of Pregnant Women With Sars-Cov-2 Infection
Authors: Crovetto Francesca , Selma-Royo Marta , Crispi Fàtima , Carbonetto Belén , Pascal Rosalia , Larroya Marta , Casas Irene , Tortajada Marta , Escudero Nuria , Muñoz-Almagro Carmen , Gomez-Roig Maria Dolores , González-Torres Pedro , Collado M Carmen , Gratacos Eduard
Published: February 2022

Background: We aimed to characterize the role of the nasopharyngeal microbiota in pregnant women with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods: Pregnant women were enrolled from a multicenter prospective population-based cohort (March-June 2020 in Barcelona, Spain) in which the status of SARS-CoV-2 infection was determined by nasopharyngeal RT–PCR and antibodies in peripheral blood. DNA was extracted from nasopharyngeal swab samples, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA of bacteria was amplified using region-specific primers. The differential abundance of taxa was tested, and alpha/beta diversity was evaluated.Results: Among 76 women, 38 were classified as positive and 38 as negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. All positive women were diagnosed by antibodies, and 14 (37%) also had a positive RT–PCR. SARS-CoV-2 infection altered the overall composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiota (p=0.001), with a higher relative abundance of the Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes phyla and a higher abundance of the Prevotellaceae family. Infected women presented a different pattern of microbiota profiling due to beta diversity and higher richness (observed ASV<0.001) and evenness (Shannon index<0.001) at alpha diversity. These changes persisted after acute infection, as revealed by negative RT–PCR but positive antibodies, suggesting a long-lasting effect of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharyngeal microbiota. No significant differences were reported in mild vs. severe cases, suggesting a role of the SARS-CoV-2 infection itself but not on its severity.Conclusion: This is the first study on nasopharyngeal microbiota during pregnancy. SARS-CoV-2 infection altered the overall structure and diversity of the nasopharyngeal microbiota profile, and this effect seems to persist after the acute moment of the infection.
An experimental and field investigation study on geotechnical characterisation and stability assessment of Surbhi Resort landslide at Mussoorie, India
Authors: Venkateswarlu B , Singh Mahendra
Published: February 2022

Landslides occur frequently in the Himalayan region, especially during the monsoon season. Stability assessment of any landslide site provides a good understanding of the shear-strength response of the in-situ geomaterials and causative factors. Often the sliding geomaterial is a complex mixture of soil and rock pieces in the form of debris underlain by jointed rock strata (bedrock). Testing of these materials in the undisturbed state is generally not feasible, and hence, the shear-strength parameters are derived through simple field investigation, index testing and classification. In the present study, a methodical procedure involving field investigations and laboratory studies was adopted to carry out stability assessment of a landslide site in the Lesser Himalayan region. The field investigations included a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) study, mapping of joints in the rock mass and collection of debris and rock samples. Apart from it, laboratory studies included an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the sand-fines matrix, index testing of soil samples, direct shear tests on debris samples and point-load strength-index testing on rock chunks. Laboratory tests were performed using conventional triaxial and a state-of-the art large-sized direct shear experiments. For large-sized direct shear testing, the gravel fraction was varied to quantify the effect of gravel content on the internal friction angle (ϕ). The parameter, cohesion of the debris was derived through back-analysis method. The rock mass rating (RMR), tunnelling quality index (the Q-system) and the geological strength index (GSI) were used to characterise the rock mass whereas, the shear strength parameters of the rock mass were derived through two non-linear strength criteria. Initial estimates of the shear-strength parameters of debris and the rock mass were employed to obtain the factor of safety (FOS) of the slope, which was found to have been underestimated. Back-analysis was then used to adjust the shear-strength parameter for cohesion. These adjusted parameters were then used to assess the stability of the slope and to suggest remedial measures.
Perioperative characteristics, histologic diagnosis, complications, and outcomes of dogs undergoing percutaneous drainage, sclerotherapy or surgical management of intrarenal cystic lesions: 18 dogs (2004-2021)
Authors: Mullins Ronan A. , Vagias Michail , Chanoit Guillaume , Bubenik-Angapen Loretta J. , Gibson Erin A. , de Rooster Hilde , Singh Ameet , Scharf Valery F. , Grimes Janet A. , Wallace Mandy L. , Kummeling Anne , Flanders James A. , Evangelou Georgios
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCanine intrarenal cystic lesions (ICLs) are infrequently reported in the veterinary literature. Several treatment options have been described including cyst fenestration (partial nephrectomy/deroofing) +/- omentalization, sclerotherapy using alcohol as a sclerosing agent, percutaneous cyst drainage (PCD), and ureteronephrectomy. Information regarding presenting clinical signs, physical examination findings, histologic diagnosis and outcomes of dogs with ICLs treated by different methods is limited. Medical records of 11 institutions were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs that underwent PCD, sclerotherapy, surgical deroofing +/- omentalization, or ureteronephrectomy for management of ICLs from 2004-2021. Six weeks postoperative/post-procedural follow-up was required. Cases suspected to represent malignancy on preoperative imaging were excluded. The study objective was to provide information regarding perioperative characteristics, complications, and outcomes of dogs undergoing treatment of ICLs.RESULTSEighteen dogs were included, with 24 ICLs treated. Ten had bilateral. There were 15 males and 3 females, with crossbreeds predominating. PCD, sclerotherapy, deroofing and ureteronephrectomy were performed in 5 (5 ICLs treated), 7 (11 ICLs), 6 (6), and 7 (7) dogs, respectively, with 5 dogs undergoing >1 treatment. Seven dogs experienced 8 complications, with requirement for additional intervention commonest. PCD, sclerotherapy and deroofing resulted in ICL resolution in 0/5, 3/11 and 3/6 treated ICLs, respectively. Histopathology identified renal cysts (RCs) in 7/13 dogs with histopathology available and neoplasia in 6/13 (4 malignant, 2 benign). Of 5 dogs diagnosed histopathologically with neoplasia, cytology of cystic fluid failed to identify neoplastic cells. Among 7 dogs with histologically confirmed RCs, 4 had concurrent ICLs in ipsilateral/contralateral kidney, compared with 2/6 dogs with histologically confirmed neoplasia.CONCLUSIONSBenign and neoplastic ICLs were approximately equally common and cystic fluid cytology failed to differentiate the 2. Among renal-sparing treatments, deroofing most commonly resulted in ICL resolution. Presence of concurrent ICLs in ipsilateral/contralateral kidney does not appear reliable in differentiating benign from malignant ICLs.
The Absence of 4' Methyl on the D-ring of Strigolactone does not Prevent Inhibits of Tillering in Rice Through Activation of the Strigolactone Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Yuexin , Rong Chenyu , Wang Shi , Wu Lei , Ding Yanfeng , Ding Chengqiang
Published: February 2022

Strigolactones (SLs) are a new class of carotenoid-derived phytohormones that are essential for developmental processes that shape plant architecture. One consistent feature of natural and synthetic compounds with SL-like activity is the presence of an enol-ether-connected methyl butenolide moiety (D-ring). Here, we synthesized a suite of special chemicals without methyl in the butenolide moiety that exhibited the same biological activity as SLs in rice (Oryza sativa), including shoot branching suppression. D10 and D14 are crucial genes involved in SL synthesis and signaling pathways, respectively. We found that 15 of the 29 newly-synthesized chemicals possessed SL-like activity against the rice d10 mutant and were invalid for the d14 mutant. We also discovered that the SL receptor D14 could physically interact with d53 in the presence of these chemicals, indicating that their molecular structures matched the ligand perception site pocket of D14. Moreover, examining the transcript levels of SL downstream response genes after treatment with each compound revealed how they operated in the SL pathway and guided other potential signaling pathways. In combination with these compounds’ structures, our results suggest that SL signaling does not require a methyl substituent in the D-ring. Our combined genetic and biochemical data reveal the structure-activity relationships of SLs and their potential for shaping plant architecture.
Autism, Queer Identity, And Applied Behavior Analysis: A Case Study In Multiple Minority Identity Development
Authors: Womack Rachel , Pope Natalie D. , Gibbs Chelsea
Published: February 2022

Despite an increased interest in identity development and expression at the intersection of queerness and disability, most existing literature fails to address the role of outside factors in influencing the process of navigating multiple identities. Participation in applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy, a commonly used intervention for autistic individuals, is one such potential factor. This qualitative case study investigated the experience of identity expression and development in an autistic, queer-identified individual who received ABA therapy as a child. Analysis revealed four themes concerning the experience of identity development and expression in this autistic, queer individual: naming, masking, connecting, and developing. These themes are described in detail. Additionally, the Multidimensional Identity Model (MIM) was applied to the findings to help provide a theoretical framework for understanding the intersection of the participant’s multiple identities throughout her life. Findings suggest that, over time, the participant spent time in each of the four options for identity expression outlined by the MIM. Additionally, relevant contextual factors in the participant’s experience were found to include participating in ABA therapy, receiving a formal autism diagnosis, and finding community and connecting with like-minded others.
Global Burden And Trends of Lung Cancer Incidence And Mortality
Authors: Li Chao , Lei Shaoyuan , Ding Li , Xu Yan , Wu Xiaonan , Wang Hui , Zhang Zijin , Gao Ting , Zhang Yongqiang , Li Lin
Published: February 2022

Objective: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths around the world for many years. The aim of this study is to investigate the global patterns and trends of lung cancer, and expects to promote health education and sustainable cancer prevention measures.Methods: Lung cancer incidence and mortality were derived from GLOBOCAN 2020 database. Continued data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Time Trends was used to analyze the temporal trends from 2000 to 2012 by using Joinpoint regression, and annual average percent changes were calculated. The association between Human Development Index and lung cancer incidence and mortality were assessed by linear regression.Results: An estimated 2.2 million new lung cancer cases and almost 1.8 million lung cancer deaths occurred in 2020. The age-standardized incidence ranged from 36.8 per 100 000 in Demark from 5.9 per 100 000 in Mexico. The age-standardized mortality rates varied from 32.8 in Poland to 4.9 in Mexico. Both the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were about 2 times higher in men than in women. The ASIR of lung cancer were downward trend in United States of America (USA) between 2000 and 2012, which was more prominent in males. The age-specific incidence rates of male and female lung cancer in the age group of 50-59 years were upward trend in China. Conclusions: The burden of lung cancer is still not optimistic, especially in developing countries like China. Taking into consideration the effectiveness of tobacco control and screening in developed countries, such as USA, we need to further strengthen health education, accelerate the establishment of tobacco control policies and regulations, and improve the early cancer screening awareness to curb the future lung cancer burden.
A record from an active asteroid preserved in a carbonaceous chondrite
Authors: Yang Xin , Hanna Romy , Davis Andrew , Neander April , Heck Philipp
Published: February 2022

Multiple particle ejection and redeposition events on the surface of asteroid 101955 Bennu were observed frequently by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission and advanced our understanding of active asteroids. This finding motivated us to search for relicts of such activity in a Bennu analog – the carbonaceous chondrite Aguas Zarcas (AZ). Here we discovered compact fragments that were strongly shocked, redistributed on the parent body, and deposited into an unshocked lithology. While breccias in meteorites are common, this type of lithology has been rarely observed. However, it is consistent with the observed particle redeposition process on Bennu. In addition, we observed a match in the size distribution of the compact fragments with that of the Bennu ejecta, indicating that the same process operated on the AZ parent body. Our findings suggest that such mixing may have been unnoticed in most meteorites and that asteroid activity may be common but overlooked.
Design and discovery of a highly potent ultralong-acting GLP-1 and glucagon co-agonist for attenuating renal fibrosis by modulating mitochondrial function
Authors: Jiang Xianxing , Zhao Qian , Dong Jiale , Chen Hui , Yu Huan , Ye Shuyin , Yu Shuangjin , Song Nazi , Xu Hongjiao , Luo Zhiteng , Chen Guodong , Wang Rui
Published: February 2022

GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucagon receptor (GCGR) are critical for the maintenance of glucose and energy homeostasis, but their roles in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still unknown. Herein we found that the expression of GLP-1R and GCGR was lower in kidney from patients with CKD than in control individuals and was correlated with disease severity. RNA-seq analysis showed that adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9-GLP-1R or GCGR small hairpin RNA (AAV9-GLP-1R or GCGR shRNA) treatment in db/db mice exhibited more advanced diabetic nephropathy than wild-type mice. We also found that GLP-1R mainly expressed in glomeruli and GCGR expressed in both glomeruli and tubuli renales. Based on the importance of GLP-1R and GCGR in CKD, we design and report a new monomeric peptide, 1907-B, with agonism at the GLP-1R and GCGR that have more prolonged half-time than long-acting semaglutide in cynomolgus rats or monkeys (~2-3 fold) and exhibit better therapeutic contribution to CKD than best-in-class monoagonists, semaglutide or glucagon in db/db mice and unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) mice. Various loss-of-function models, including selective pharmacological blockade and genetic knockdown, confirmed that the effects of 1907-B on improving glucose control and ameliorating the diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice were mediated through GLP-1 and glucagon signaling, whereas its action on inhibiting renal fibrosis in UUO mice was predominantly mediated through glucagon signaling. Mechanistically, 1907-B activated downstream cAMP-PKA pathway to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics, as well as to attenuate renal oxidative stress under chronic hyperglycemia via stimulating GLP-1R and GCGR simultaneously. Furthermore, 1907-B had crucial protection roles against inflammation via NFκB pathway and renal fibrosis via TGF-β-SMAD pathway. Thus 1907-B, via direct kidney (GCGR) and part-glomerulus (GLP-1R) effects, exerts multifactorial improvement in renal injuries and is a more effective and promising therapeutic option for the treatment of CKD.
Vapor-Phase Substrate Nitroreductase Reaction and its Application as TNT Electrochemical Gas Sensor
Authors: Puttasakul Tasawan , Tancharoen Chompoonuch , Sukjee Wannisa , Sangma Chak
Published: February 2022

Nitroreductase (NTR) is an enzyme with a specific activity to nitroaromatic reduction. Some nitroaromatic explosives are exploited by terrorists. Among these materials, 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a major high explosive which makes detection of TNT an important research topic. TNT vapor detection by gas sensor is an approach under investigated for many years. Even though, there is a limited success at present, in part, due to the ultra-low volatility nature of TNT. In this work, we propose an application of the NTR reaction in a hydrogel gas sensor to detect TNT vapor. Firstly, NTR activity in the hydrogel was confirmed by adding TNT and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) solutions to an NTR-hydrogel sensor following by cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. Then, the other CV experiments were carried out with gas phase samples. The CV graphs of NTR-hydrogels detecting vapors containing the explosive substrates and negative controls were compared. Results showed that the signal from the nitroaromatics increased with exposure time where the TNT signal was the highest of all tested compounds. The gas sensor was sensitive enough to detect TNT gas presented in an ambient air at room temperature.
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Remedies for Psychiatric Illnesses among Students in Higher Education: A Comprehensive Study in University of Ruhuna
Authors: Wijesekara Patikiri Arachchige Don Shehan Nilmantha
Published: February 2022

There is no comprehensive study on the mental health of Sri Lankan undergraduate in higher education as most existing studies have been done for medical students only. It is unknown how academic and environmental factors contribute for the prevalence of psychiatric illnesses. Further, there is no sufficient information on the student/university based remedies to reduce the psychological distress of students. This research is carried out to find the overall psychological distress, well-being, prevalence percentages of psychiatric illnesses, associated risk factors and student/university remedies to overcome them. All 13 psychiatric illnesses were found with a moderate correlation among diseases having a mean prevalence percentage of 25.92 and standard deviation of 12.93 despite the prevalence of well-being factors among students and only 8 % are clinically diagnosed. 89 % of the students were suffering from at least one psychiatric illness and 68 % were found to be psychologically distressed. Sets of overall and individual demographic, academic and environmental risk factors contributing for the prevalence of a psychiatric illness in general and in particularly were identified respectively after a Binary logistic regression analysis. 61 % of the students don’t receive psychiatric help from the university and are using their own remedies.
The Effect of Reducing Dietary Energy on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Intestinal Peptide and Amino Acid Transporters in Broiler Chicks
Authors: Mahdavi Reza , Harsini Shahab Ghazi , Piray Ali Hossein
Published: February 2022

This study evaluated the effect of two levels of metabolizable energy (2950 and 2850 kcal/kg) on performance, intestinal morphology, and mRNA abundance of peptide (PepT1) and amino acid transporters (b0,+ AT, B0AT, y+LAT1 and CAT1) in broilers during the starter period (0-10 days of age). This is the first reported in this case i human or animals case. Two hundred and seventy day old male Ross 308 broilers were used according to a completely randomized design with two treatments, where each treatment applied to 9 replicate pens with 15 birds in each. The outcome variables were measured at the end of the starter phase. The mRNA abundance of PepT1, b0,+ AT, B0AT, y+LAT1 and CAT1 were assayed using real-time PCR. The results showed that the body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected by the dietary treatments (P>0.05). Jejunal mRNA levels of the b0,+AT and B0AT decreased as metabolizable energy level decreased from 2950 to 2850 kcal/kg (P≤0.05). The transport systems PepT1, CAT1, and y+LAT1 were not affected by the dietary treatments (P>0.05). There were no significant difference in villus height (VH), villus width (VW), villus surface area (VSA), crypt depth (CD), and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VCR) between treatments (P>0.05). These results demonstrated that dietary content of metabolizable energy affected the expression of amino acid transporters to modulate absorption of nutrients in broilers.
Morphological and endogenous phytohormone changes during long-term embryogenic cultures in Korean pine
Authors: Liang Yan , Xu Xin , Shen Hailong , Gao Meiling , Zhao Yan , Bai Xue
Published: February 2022

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a biotechnological tool with high application potential for in vitro propagation and regeneration of conifers species. However, in SE of Korean pine, a dominant species of the natural mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests of the temperate forests in Northeast China, decreasing embryogenic potential was found in embryogenic callus (EC) with successive subcultures, especially when the cultures were maintained for more than 5-6 months, which is one of the most significant problems preventing commercial implementation of the SE technique. Aiming to investigate the morphological and the endogenous phytohormone changes associated with the decreasing embryogenic potential of Korean pine, here, we compared seven types of calli during long-term embryogenic culture. It was found that both the external morphological characteristics and internal cell structure were significantly different among the different types of calli. Specifically, similar to their zygotic counterparts of conifer trees, the calli with high embryogenic potential were characterized by a higher number of designated proembryogenic masses (PEMs) structure. In addition, surface of this types of callus was covered with a large amount of mucilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM), which could further differentiate into globular embryos containing the embryonal masses (EM) and embryonic tube (ET) structure.In contrast, in those low embryogenic potential calli, we observed disintegrated PEMs structure, a large amount of irregularly shaped cells, and degraded cells, which failed to form somatic embryos. The endogenous hormone results showed that high levels of ABA were beneficial for promoting early somatic embryo differentiation in Korean pine, but maintaining high embryogenic potential required moderate levels of IAA and low levels of ZR. Additionally, a high ratio of IAA / ABA and MeJA / ABA was conducive to maintaining high embryogenic potential, whereas a low ratio of IAA / ABA and MeJA / ABA were effective for early somatic embryos morphological differentiation. This study demonstrates morphological and physiological characteristics of the embryogenesis potential of Korean pine calli.
Clinical assessment, gait analysis and reliability of measurement with the G walk inertial sensor in subjects with ankle fracture 6 months after surgery.
Authors: Fernández-Gorgojo Mario , Salas-Gómez Diana , Sánchez-Juan Pascual , Barbado David , Laguna-Bercero Esther , Pérez-Núñez Maria Isabel
Published: February 2022

Background: Ankle fractures can cause significant functional impairment in the short and long term. In recent years, gait analysis using inertial sensors has gained special relevance as a reliable measurement system.Objectives: In patients with bimalleolar ankle fracture, to identify the differences between the operated and healthy ankle in the spatial-temporal gait parameters and plantar pressures; likewise, to study their relationship with clinical parameters and functional scales. Finally, to assess the reliability of a single inertial sensor, placed on the lumbar spine, in our study population.Design: Cross-sectional study.Methods: Twenty-two subjects with bimalleolar ankle fractures were included in the study. An analysis of the spatial-temporal gait parameters and plantar pressures was carried out using an inertial system (G-WALK) and a pressure platform (P-WALK). Sociodemographic and clinical information was previously collected. Differences between the operated and healthy ankle were studied for each variable and their correlation with clinical measures and functional scales; then, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed with the variables that showed a significant correlation. Finally, the intra-session test-retest reliability of the G Walk was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) and the standard error of measurement (SEM).Results: Statistically significant differences were found for all spatial-temporal gait parameters and dynamic plantar pressures, except for double support (-1%; p=.267). Differences were also found for clinical measures, except for ADD strength (0.6%; p=.491). Effect sizes for gait variables ranged from 0.25 to 1.02 and for clinical variables ranged from 0.15 to 2.30. The highest degree of correlation of clinical measures and functional scales was obtained with speed, cadence, stride time, and propulsion. Intra-session test-retest reliability was high to excellent (0.840.98). Speed, stride length, and propulsion obtained the lowest SEM scores.Conclusions: In our study population, the analysis of spatial-temporal gait parameters and dynamic plantar pressures show an evident asymmetry between both limbs; likewise, they correlate moderately with ankle range of motion, hip abductor strength, and the AOFAS scale. The G-WALK inertial sensor can be considered a reliable gait measurement system in this population.
Cluster Analysis Applied to Climatology: A New Approach to Detect Changes in Precipitation
Authors: Medeiros Susane Eterna Leite , Nilo Priscila Farias , Silva Wallysson Klebson de Medeiros , Santos Paula Rose de Araújo , Silva Louise Pereira da , Abrahão Raphael
Published: February 2022

This work proposes a novel method for the application of cluster analysis to climatology. The new method groups similar years regarding total values of precipitation and distribution throughout the year. The most recent and oldest years are then compared to examine changes in the distribution pattern. The Ward’s method was used to compose hierarchical clusters. Trend analysis encompassed the Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope tests to complement and compare the results. This test characterizing a simple random series. As a form of exemplification, the proposed method was applied to historical data from seven weather stations located in northeastern Brazil. Significant trends of both increase and reduction in precipitation were observed, depending on the station studied. Even for statistically non-significant trends, the new cluster analysis enabled the verification of more subtle changes in precipitation. This new approach to cluster analysis can provide a broader view on how changes in precipitation patterns are occurring.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Promotes Cell Viability And Inhibits Apoptosis of H9C2 Cardiomyocytes In 3D Bioprinting Scaffolds Via PI3K-Akt And ERK1/2 Pathways
Authors: Hu Yugang , Jia Yan , Wang Hao , Cao Quan , Yang Yuanting , Zhou Yanxiang , Tan Tuantuan , Huang Xin , Zhou Qing
Published: February 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) promotes myocardial cell viability in three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) scaffolds. Methods: Cardiomyoblasts (H9C2s) were mixed in 6% (w/v) GelMA bio-inks and printed using extrusion-based 3D bioprinting. The scaffolds were exposed to LIPUS with different parameters or sham-irradiated to optimize the LIPUS treatment. The viability of H9C2s was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), cell cycle, and live and dead cell double staining assays. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expression levels. Results: We successfully fabricated 3D bio-printed cell-laden GelMA scaffolds. CCK8 and live and dead cell double-staining assays indicated that the optimal conditions for LIPUS were a frequency of 0.5 MHz and exposure time of 10 min. Cell cycle analysis showed that LIPUS promoted the entry of cells into the S and G2/M phases from the G0/G1 phase. Western blot analysis revealed that LIPUS promoted the phosphorylation and activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt. The ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) significantly reduced LIPUS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt, respectively, which in turn reduced the LIPUS-induced viability of H9C2s in 3D bio-printed cell-laden GelMA scaffolds. Conclusions: A frequency of 0.5 MHz and exposure time of 10 min for LIPUS exposure can be adapted to achieve optimized culture effects on myocardial cells in 3D bio-printed cell-laden GelMA scaffolds via the ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
SNPs Cumulating to Genetic Variation for Fertility in Crossbred (Bos taurus X Bos indicus) Bull Spermatozoa
Authors: Sinha Manish Kumar , Kumaresan Arumugam , Talluri Thirumala Rao , King John Peter Ebenezer Samuel , Prakash Mani Arul , Nag Pradeep , Paul Nilendu , Raval Kathan , Kamaraj Elango , V Aranganathan
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The objective of the present study is to identify important polymorphisms at single nucleotide in Holstein crossbred bull spermatozoa and to identify genetic variants significantly influence or associated to bull fertility. Methods: Spermatozoa from high- (HF) and low-fertile (LF) breeding bulls were subjected to high throughput Next-generation sequencing to identify important SNPs and novel variants associated with fertility.Results: A total of 77,036 genome wide SNPs were identified in the crossbred bull spermatozoa with a minimum read depth of 20, and among them, 10,269 were observed to be novel variants. A total of 42,290 and 34,748 variants were recorded in HF and LF bulls respectively, among which 6115 and 4673 were found to novel in respective group. Higher number of SNPs and Indels were identified in HF compared to LF bulls. GO analysis of filtered genes with significant variation in HF bulls indicated their enrichment in various important pathways like oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic pathways. On the other hand, GO analysis of filtered genes with significant variation in LF bulls revealed their involvement in Ca2++ ion binding, structural constituent of ribosome, and biological processes like translation and ribosomal small subunit assembly. Conclusions: The study identified SNPs in candidate genes including TPT1, BOLA-DRA, CD74, RPS17, RPS28, RPS29, RPL14, RPL13 and RPS27A, which are linked to sperm functionality, survival, protection from oxidative stress and bull fertility. The identified SNPs could be used as a tool for identification and selection of bulls for high fertility upon validation in large number of bulls
Clinical Staging and Genetic Profiling of Korean Patients with Primary Lymphedema Using Whole-Exome Sequencing: Preliminary Results
Authors: Seo Soo Hyun , Lee Seung Joon , Park Joseph Kyu-hyung , Yang Eun Joo , Kim Boram , Lee Jee-Soo , Kim Man Jin , Park Sung Sup , Seong Moon-Woo , Myung Yujin
Published: February 2022

Lymphedema is a progressive disease caused by lymphatic flow blockage in the lymphatic pathway. Primary (hereditary) lymphedema is caused by genetic mutations without secondary causes. However, the underlying cause of primary lymphedema remains obscure, and gene sequencing studies on a sizable patient cohort are lacking. We performed clinical profiling on Korean primary lymphedema patients based on their phenotypes and using lymphoscintigraphy and made genetic diagnoses using a next-generation sequencing panel consisting of 60 lymphedema-related genes. Of 27 patients, 21% had lymphedema of the upper extremities, 81% had lymphedema of the lower extremities, and two patients had lymphedema in both. Based on International Society of Lymphology staging, 14, 10, and 3 patients had stage 3, 2, and 1 lymphedema, respectively. Genetic abnormalities were identified in six patients: a pathogenic variant of CELSR1 in two patients, variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) of CELSR1 in two patients, a VUS of SOS1 in one patient, and a pathogenic variant of MPI and VUSs of TIE1, FLT4, and PIEZO1 in one patient. The clinical and genetic profile of hereditary lymphedema reported here is the first such data series reported in South Korea. Our study highlights the need for genetic screening in primary lymphedema diagnosis.