bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Podoplanin is required for tumor cell invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schwab Melanie , Lohr Sabrina , Schneider Jakob , Kaiser Michaela , Krunic Damir , Helbig Doris , Géraud Cyrill , Angel Peter
Published: March 2021

The invasiveness of late‐stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is associated with poor patients’ prognosis and linked to strong upregulation of the glycoprotein Podoplanin (PDPN) in cancer cells. However, the function of PDPN in these processes in cSCC carcinogenesis has not been characterized in detail yet. Employing a CRISPR/Cas9‐based loss‐of‐function approach on murine cSCC cells, we show that the loss of Pdpn results in decreased migration and invasion in vitro. Complementing these in vitro studies, labelled murine control and Pdpn knockout cells were injected orthotopically into the dermis of nude mice to recapitulate the formation of human cSCC displaying a well‐differentiated morphology with a PDPN‐positive reaction in fibroblasts in the tumor stroma. Smaller tumors were observed upon Pdpn loss, which is associated with reduced tumor cell infiltration into the stroma. Utilizing Pdpn mutants in functional experiments in vitro, we provide evidence that both the intra‐ and extracellular domains are essential for cancer cell invasion. These findings underline the critical role of PDPN in cSCC progression and highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting PDPN‐dependent cancer cell invasion, especially in late‐stage cSCC patients.
The Sin of Heresy: Opposition to Heresy in Augustine’s Confessions
Authors: Smith Kevin A.
Published: March 2021

Throughout the Confessions, Augustine repeatedly complains about heresy with a special focus on the heresy he once belonged to, Manicheanism. To those of us who live in a culture in which respectable people rarely, if ever, care about religious orthodoxy to such a degree, these complaints seem rather bizarre. Despite this initial appearance, Augustine presents in the Confessions several plausible reasons for thinking heresy is sinful and, therefore, detrimental to a person’s sanctity and ultimate salvation. In this paper, I argue that Augustine considers heresy sinful because it involves as many as three kinds of idolatry: loving a lie/false conception of God instead of the true God, loving one’s own beliefs more than the Truth, which is God, and loving the worldly praise one receives from developing novel opinions more than God.
Urban cycles of human activity do not significantly alter the behaviour of a duetting bird
Authors: Diniz Pedro , Silva‐Jr Edvaldo F. , Macedo Regina H.
Published: March 2021

The weekend effect hypothesis predicts that weekly cycles of human activity impact animal behaviour and physiology. This hypothesis has been supported in the context of recreational activity in natural environments but it is unknown whether it also applies to urban animals. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the sentinel (territorial vigilance), foraging and vocal behaviours of an urban‐dwelling bird, the Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus, between weekdays and weekends (and holidays) within a university campus in central Brazil. The level of human activity (noise, traffic and pedestrian flow) increases greatly on weekdays on this campus. We predicted that the birds would perceive a greater predation risk and would need to adjust their acoustic signals in response to anthropogenic noise on weekdays. Thus, we expected that the birds would spend more time as sentinels and less time foraging, and would sing for longer periods and at a higher pitch on weekdays than on weekends. We also expected weaker duet responsiveness (answering partner‐initiated song) on noisier weekdays than on weekends, assuming that noise would disrupt signal transmission between partners. We found that birds spent slightly more time (˜ 4%) in sentinel behaviour and less time (˜ 2–5%) foraging on weekdays than on weekends, but these effects were small and not statistically significant. Birds were equally likely to sing solos, start duets and answer partner‐initiated duets on weekends and weekdays. Finally, phrase duration and acoustic parameters of duets were similar on weekends and weekdays. Our results provide little support for the weekend effect hypothesis, suggesting that these urban‐dwelling birds may be habituated or indifferent to periodic variation in human activity levels.
Enhancement of the Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy corrosion resistance by applying CrN/CrAlN multilayer coating via Arc‐PVD method
Authors: Azizi‐Malekabadi Masoud , Bakhshi Hamed , Shahbazi Hossein , Nosrati Hassan
Published: March 2021

In this study, the Ti‐6Al‐4V substrate was coated by CrN‐CrN/TiN‐TiN and CrN/CrAlN multilayer coatings using the cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (Arc‐PVD) method. The results of potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) have shown the lowest and highest corrosion current density belong to the double‐layer (0.16 µA/Cm2) and TiN (0.51 µA/Cm2) samples, indicating the higher corrosion resistance of the double‐layer coating. The field emission electron microscope (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction pattern (XRD), open circuit potential (OCP), PDP, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis were employed in order to characterize the coatings and evaluate their corrosion behavior. Finally, applying the double‐layer coating resulted in the significant improvement of the protective behavior of the Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy, as compared to the sample coated with TiN in corrosive environments.
Health behaviour outcomes of a family based intervention for paediatric obesity in primary care: A randomized type II hybrid effectiveness‐implementation trial
Authors: Smith Justin D. , Berkel Cady , Carroll Allison J. , Fu Emily , Grimm Kevin J. , Mauricio Anne M. , Rudo‐Stern Jenna , Winslow Emily , Dishion Thomas J. , Jordan Neil , Atkins David C. , Narayanan Shrikanth S. , Gallo Carlos , Bruening Meg M. , Wilson Charlton , Lokey Farah , Samaddar Kristen
Published: March 2021

Background

Paediatric obesity is a multifaceted public health problem. Family based behavioural interventions are the recommended approach for the prevention of excess weight gain in children and adolescents, yet few have been tested under “real‐world” conditions.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of a family based intervention, delivered in coordination with paediatric primary care, on child and family health outcomes.

Methods

A sample of 240 families with racially and ethnically diverse (86% non‐White) and predominantly low‐income children (49% female) ages 6 to 12 years (M = 9.5 years) with body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile for age and gender were identified in paediatric primary care. Participants were randomized to either the Family Check‐Up 4 Health (FCU4Health) program (N = 141) or usual care plus information (N = 99). FCU4Health, an assessment‐driven individually tailored intervention designed to preempt excess weight gain by improving parenting skills was delivered for 6 months in clinic, at home and in the community. Child BMI and body fat were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance scale and caregiver‐reported health behaviours (eg, diet, physical activity and family health routines) were obtained at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months.

Results

Change in child BMI and percent body fat did not differ by group assignment. Path analysis indicated significant group differences in child health behaviours at 12 months, mediated by improved family health routines at 6 months.

Conclusion

The FCU4Health, delivered in coordination with paediatric primary care, significantly impacted child and family health behaviours that are associated with the development and maintenance of paediatric obesity. BMI did not significantly differ.
In situ defect quantification and phase identification during flash sintering using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Murray Shannon E. , Lv Guangxin , Sulekar Soumitra S. , Cahill David G. , Shoemaker Daniel P.
Published: March 2021

Flash sintering has been established as a method to rapidly densify or induce phase transformation in materials by applying an electric field. Understanding rapid transformations is challenging in a laboratory setting, where phase and defect populations may change with sub‐second time scales. In this work, we apply in situ Raman spectroscopy to investigate defect complexes and phase transformations during flash sintering. We demonstrate that the oxygen vacancy complexes in Ce0.85Gd0.15O1.925 and the evolving phases in a SrCO3 + V2O5 reaction can be probed with acquisition times sufficient to monitor stage II of flash sintering. We establish how thermal effects can be separated from effects of the electric field and determine the resolution of the defect concentration. The fast characterization we demonstrate here can be combined with well‐developed models of thermal and phase evolution to elucidate the mechanism of densification during flash sintering.
The ADaptive Ability Performance Test (ADAPT): A new instrument for measuring adaptive skills in people with intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning
Authors: Jonker Femke , Didden Robert , Goedhard Laurette , Korzilius Hubert , Nijman Henk
Published: March 2021

Background

Since the DSM‐5, adaptive functioning has taken a prominent place in the classification of intellectual disability (ID). The ADAPT was developed to assess adaptive skills in individuals with ID.

Method

A total of 2,081 ADAPTs from clients with suspected ID or borderline intellectual functioning and 129 ADAPTs from people from the general population (non‐ID) were collected, along with background characteristics.

Results

Internal consistency of the ADAPT was high (α = 0.98). ADAPT scores were positively associated with IQ, educational level and level of independent living. Furthermore, individuals without ID scored significantly higher than the clients onallof the 65 ADAPT items. Reference values were established for different IQ groups and living situations.

Conclusion

Results suggest that the ADAPT is a valid instrument for measuring adaptive skills in individuals with ID. The reference values may be used for the purpose of estimating the level of ID and the needed intensity of support.
Somatic interventions to improve self‐regulation in children and adolescents
Authors: Neal Allyson Matney
Published: March 2021

Topic

Children and adolescents who are exposed to stress and trauma often experience, as a result, an inability to regulate their emotions. Self‐regulation is necessary to accurately respond to situations and ensure success in the academic setting. Self‐regulation skills have been identified as improving resiliency and mitigating the effects of trauma on children and adolescents.

Purpose

The purpose of this review of the literature is to synthesize the available research on somatic interventions to improve self‐regulation in the child and adolescent population.

Sources used

A scoping review of literature utilizing the Arksey and O'Malley framework was conducted by a university health science librarian from 2006 to 2018 using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, ERIC, and Web of Science to identify studies that examined somatic self‐regulation skills in children and adolescents. Search terms included were mindfulness, yoga, deep breathing exercises, and self‐regulation. The PRISMA methodology was utilized to synthesize the available research on somatic interventions to improve self‐regulation in the child and adolescent population.

Conclusion

Somatic interventions have been shown to improve self‐regulation in the child and adolescent population. Future research is needed to identify dose‐specific interventions and opportunities to improve self‐regulation for children and adolescents.
Minimal fluoroscopy approach for right‐sided supraventricular tachycardia ablation with a novel ablation technology: Insights from the multicenter CHARISMA clinical registry
Authors: Cauti Filippo M. , Rossi Pietro , La Greca Carmelo , Piro Agostino , Di Belardino Natale , Battaglia Alberto , Ferraris Federico , Pecora Domenico , Lavalle Carlo , Scalone Antonio , Rossi Luca , Di Cori Andrea , Solimene Francesco , Mantovan Roberto , Pedretti Stefano , Iaia Luigi , Bianchi Stefano , Anselmino Matteo
Published: March 2021

Background

No data exist on the ability of the novel Rhythmia 3‐D mapping system to minimize fluoroscopy exposure during transcatheter ablation of arrhythmias. We report data on the feasibility and safety of a minimal fluoroscopic approach using this system in supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) procedures.

Methods

Consecutive patients were enrolled in the CHARISMA registry at 12 centers. All right‐sided procedures performed with the Rhythmia mapping system were analyzed. The acquired electroanatomic information was used to reconstruct 3‐D cardiac geometry; fluoroscopic confirmation was used whenever deemed necessary.

Results

Three hundred twenty‐five patients (mean age = 56 ± 17 years, 57% male) were included: 152 atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, 116 atrial flutter, 41 and 16 right‐sided accessory pathway and atrial tachycardia, respectively. Overall, 27 481 s of fluoroscopy were used (84.6 ± 224 s per procedure, equivalent effective dose = 1.1 ± 3.7 mSv per patient). One hundred ninety‐two procedures (59.1%) were completed without the use of fluoroscopy (zero fluoroscopy, ZF). In multivariate analysis, the presence of a fellow in training (OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05–0.46; p = .0008), radiofrequency application (0.99, 0.99–1.00; p = .0002), and mapping times (0.99, 0.99–1.00; p = .042) were all inversely associated with ZF approach. Acute procedural success was achieved in 97.8% of the cases (98.4 vs. 97% in the ZF vs. non‐ZF group; p = .4503). During a mean of 290.7 ± 169.6 days follow‐up, no major adverse events were reported, and recurrence of the primary arrhythmia was 2.5% (2.1 vs. 3% in the ZF vs. non‐ZF group; p = .7206).

Conclusions

The Rhythmia mapping system permits transcatheter ablation of right‐sided SVT with minimal fluoroscopy exposure. Even more, in most cases, the system enables a ZF approach, without affecting safety and efficacy.
MicroRNA‐302c‐3p inhibits endothelial cell pyroptosis via directly targeting NOD‐, LRR‐ and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 in atherosclerosis
Authors: Bai Baochen , Yang Yanyan , Ji Shengxiang , Wang Shizhong , Peng Xingang , Tian Chao , Sun Rui‐Cong , Yu Tao , Chu Xian‐ming
Published: March 2021

Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are important participants and drivers in atherosclerosis. NOD‐, LRR‐ and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and the resulting pyroptosis are involved in the initiation and vicious circle of chronic inflammation, thus playing an indispensable role in atherosclerosis. Accordingly, blocking the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising treatment strategy to blunt the progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, it was demonstrated that miR‐302c‐3p exerted anti‐pyroptosis effects by directly targeting NLRP3 in vivo and in vitro. In brief, the expression of miR‐302c‐3p was down‐regulated whereas the expression of NLRP3 was up‐regulated in human plaques and in vitro pyroptosis model of endothelial cells. Overexpression of miR‐302c‐3p suppressed endothelial cell pyroptosis by targeting specific sites of NLRP3. By comparison, down‐regulation of endogenous miR‐302c‐3p led to the opposite results, which were reversed by silencing the expression of NLRP3. Finally, the up‐regulation of miR‐302c‐3p inhibited the inflammation and pyroptosis of atherosclerosis mouse model. In conclusion, miR‐302c‐3p may be a powerful and attractive target for suppressing endothelial inflammation and pyroptosis, providing a novel strategy for preventing or alleviating the progression of atherosclerosis.
Symptom trajectories in the first 18 months and autism risk in a prospective high‐risk cohort
Authors: Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Brian Jessica , Smith Isabel M. , Sacrey Lori‐Ann R. , Franchini Martina , Bryson Susan E. , Vaillancourt Tracy , Armstrong Vickie , Duku Eric , Szatmari Peter , Roberts Wendy , Roncadin Caroline
Published: March 2021

Background

Although early autism spectrum disorder (ASD) detection strategies tend to focus on differences at a point in time, behavioral symptom trajectories may also be informative.

Methods

Developmental trajectories of early signs of ASD were examined in younger siblings of children diagnosed with ASD (n = 499) and infants with no family history of ASD (n = 177). Participants were assessed using the Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI) from 6 to 18 months. Diagnostic outcomes were determined at age 3 years blind to previous assessments.

Results

Semiparametric group‐based modeling using AOSI scores identified three distinct trajectories: Group 1 (‘Low’, n = 435, 64.3%) was characterized by a low level and stable evolution of ASD signs, group 2 (‘Intermediate’, n = 180, 26.6%) had intermediate and stable levels, and group 3 (‘Inclining’, n = 61, 9.3%) had higher and progressively elevated levels of ASD signs. Among younger siblings, ASD rates at age 3 varied by trajectory of early signs and were highest in the Inclining group, membership in which was highly specific (94.5%) but poorly sensitive (28.5%) to ASD. Children with ASD assigned to the inclining trajectory had more severe symptoms at age 3, but developmental and adaptive functioning did not differ by trajectory membership.

Conclusions

These prospective data emphasize variable early‐onset patterns and the importance of a multipronged approach to early surveillance and screening for ASD.
Acclimation effect on fish behavioural characteristics: determination of appropriate acclimation period for different species
Authors: Makaras Tomas , Stankevičiūtė Milda , Šidagytė‐Copilas Eglė , Virbickas Tomas , Razumienė Julija
Published: March 2021

In the present study, the authors investigated the effect of acclimation duration (up to 4 h) on behavioural characteristics of taxonomically and functionally different fish species, i.e., the migratory rheophilic salmonids rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and the non‐migratory eurytopic European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Specifically, the authors explored fish behavioural patterns based on specific endpoints (average, maximum and angular velocity) during the acclimation period, and determined the acclimation period suitable for the tested fish species. The performed behavioural data analysis showed that the minimum time needed to adjust fish activity to a more stable (baseline) level should be at least 2 h for O. mykiss and S. salar and 1 h for G. aculeatus. Nonetheless, P. fluviatilis behaviour did not show significant changes during the 4 h acclimation. The results of this study revealed that the effect of the acclimation duration on such rheophilic species as O. mykiss and S. salar was greater than that on the eurytopic species P. fluviatilis and G. aculeatus, indicating that acclimation period is important in managing fish stress before behavioural observations. For all species, the highest variability was found in the endpoint of maximum velocity, and the lowest in that of angular velocity. This study showed that before starting actual toxicity testing experiments, it is important to determine an appropriate, species‐specific acclimation period.
Comparison of outcomes of cyclosporine A and infliximab for steroid‐refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Song Eun Mi , Oh Eun Hye , Hwang Sung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong‐Hoon , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Ye Byong Duk
Published: March 2021

Background and Aim

Data comparing the outcomes of cyclosporin A (CsA) and infliximab (IFX) as rescue therapy for steroid‐refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis (SR‐ASUC) among Asians are scarce.

Methods

In this single‐center study, we retrospectively reviewed 121 patients with SR‐ASUC according to the Truelove and Witts' criteria who received CsA or IFX as rescue therapy between 1995 and 2015. The cumulative rates of treatment failure and colectomy at 3 months were compared. Treatment failure was defined as colectomy, switch to other medications, acute flare‐up events requiring steroid treatment, or adverse events leading to drug interruption.

Results

Among 121 patients with SR‐ASUC (male, 55.6%; median disease duration, 47.1 months; extensive colitis, 61.2%), 23 received CsA as rescue therapy. Baseline characteristics (e.g. age at diagnosis, sex, disease duration, disease extent at rescue therapy, and Mayo score at treatment initiation) were comparable between the two groups. During follow‐up (median, 45 months; interquartile range 29.3–61.8), 84 patients (69.4%) experienced treatment failure, and 25 patients (20.7%) underwent colectomy. The CsA group and the IFX group did not show significant differences in the cumulative rates of treatment failure (39.1% vs 34.7%, P = 0.714) and colectomy (26.1% vs 13.3%, P = 0.198) at 3 months. Previous use of azathioprine (odds ratio [OR] = 2.309, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.076–4.951, P = 0.032) was associated with treatment failure at 3 months. Mayo score > 10 at the time of rescue therapy was significantly associated with colectomy at 3 months (OR = 8.444, 95% CI = 2.592–27.506, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Among Korean patients with SR‐ASUC, the rates of treatment failure and colectomy at 3 months were not significantly different between the CSA and the IFX treatment groups.
Cerebellar involvement in olfaction: An fMRI Study
Authors: Zhang Zi‐hao , Liu Xiao , Jing Bin , Hu Bao‐min , Ai Zheng , Xing Bo‐kai , Jiang Tao , Peng Peng
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose

The role of the cerebellum in olfactory function is not fully understood. In this study, we tried to combine resting state and task functional MRI (fMRI) to improve the understanding of the cerebellum during olfactory processing.

Methods

A resting state and a block paradigm of olfactory stimulation fMRI were scanned in 50 subjects. The olfactory stimuli, including phenylethyl alcohol and isovaleric acid, were alternately delivered to the subject using a custom‐built olfactometer through air flow. The cerebellar activations elicited by isovaleric acid were subsequently used in the seed‐based resting‐state functional connectivity study.

Results

Phenylethyl alcohol did not induce any cerebellum activation, while isovaleric acid with a more unpleasant smell elicited significant cerebellum activations, primarily in the bilateral posterior lateral hemispheres (bilateral lobule crus I and right lobule VI). Seed‐based functional connectivity analysis revealed significant within‐cerebellum and corticocerebellar connections.

Conclusions

The results imply that the cerebellum is probably involved in olfactory‐related responses caused by unpleasant odor but does not directly participate in olfactory perception. Our results may further improve the understanding of the cerebellum in olfactory function.
Dentate Nucleus Signal Intensity Changes in Children with Adrenoleukodystrophy in Comparison to Primary Brain Tumor with and without Radiotherapy after Gadobutrol Administration
Authors: Ozturk Kerem , Nascene David
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose

To determine whether cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (cALD) or brain irradiation in patients with primary brain tumor affects T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI) signal intensity (SI) of the dentate nucleus (DN) in a pediatric cohort who had received consecutive macrocyclic gadolinium‐based contrast agent (mcGBCA) gadobutrol.

Methods

This study included 97 pediatric patients who underwent mcGBCA‐enhanced MRI from 2010 to 2020 (29 children with primary brain tumors without brain radiation therapy [mcGBCA group‐1], 33 children with primary brain tumors and radiation treatment [mcGBCA group‐2], 35 children with cALD [mcGBCA group‐3], and 97 sex‐/age‐matched control subjects [subgroups matched to each of the three subject groups] without GBCA administration). The DN‐to‐middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) SI ratios on T1WI were then determined. A paired t‐test was performed to compare SI ratios between children exposed to mcGBCA in each group and control subjects. The relationships between SI ratios and confounding variables were analyzed utilizing the Pearson correlation analysis.

Results

The DN‐to‐MCP SI ratio was significantly higher of mcGBCA group‐2 (1.046±.071) or mcGBCA group‐3 (.972±.038) than in the control group‐2 (.983±.041, P<.001) and control group‐3 (.937±.051, P = .002), respectively, but no significant difference of the SI ratio was noted between mcGBCA group‐1 (.984±.032) and control‐group‐1 (.982±.035, P = .860). No significant correlation was noted between SI ratio values and the cumulative dose or number of mcGBCA administrations, age, or the elapsed time between the MRI examinations (all P>.05).

Conclusions

Hyperintense T1WI signal in the DN may be seen in children with brain tumors undergoing brain irradiation, as well as in children with cALD.
Safety of MRI in the localization of implanted intracranial electrodes for refractory epilepsy
Authors: Yazdani Milad , Reagan Justin , Kocher Madison , Antonucci Michael , Taylor James , Edwards Jonathan , Vandergrift William Alexander , Spampinato Maria Vittoria
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

This is an observational study to evaluate the safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to localize subdural grids and depth electrodes in patients with refractory epilepsy using a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner.

METHODS

We implemented an optimized MRI protocol providing adequate image quality for the assessment of subdural grids and depth electrodes, while minimizing the specific absorption rate (SAR). We reviewed all MRI studies performed in patients with subdural grids and depth electrodes between January 2010 and October 2018. Image quality was graded as acceptable or nonacceptable for the assessment of intracranial device positioning. We reviewed the medical record and any imaging obtained after intracranial implant removal for adverse event or complication occurring during and after the procedure.

RESULTS

Ninety‐nine patients with refractory epilepsy underwent MRI scans using a magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo sequence and a transmit‐receive head coil with depth electrodes and subdural grids in place. Two patients underwent two separate depth electrode implantations for a total of 101 procedures and MRI scans. No clinical adverse events were reported during or immediately after imaging. Image quality was graded as acceptable for 97 MRI scans. Review of follow‐up CT and MRI studies after implant removal, available for 70 patients, did not demonstrate unexpected complications in 69 patients.

CONCLUSION

In our experience, a low SAR MRI protocol can be used to safely localize intracranial subdural grids and depth electrode in patients with refractory epilepsy.
The Clinical Significance of Immediate Mandibular Lateral Translation: Critically Appraised Topic (CAT)
Authors: Preiskel Harold W. , Goldstein Gary
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this Critically Appraised Topic was to investigate the possible clinical relevance of recording the immediate mandibular lateral translation.

Materials and Methods

A literature search limited to Clinical trials, Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews, Meta Analyses, and using the PICO headings revealed no citations. Using the key words dental, occlusion, immediate side shift, also received no citations. Expanding the search criteria to include Journal Articles revealed 17 citations. Using dental occlusion, Bennett movement, revealed 21 citations.

Results

The cited articles were reviewed for relevance and duplicates were eliminated. The resulting 10 English language in vivo studies pertinent to the question were included. Other articles were culled from the author's library and the reference list of the aforementioned articles. There is no evidence on the prevalence of IMLT in patients in need of occlusal rehabilitation. There is agreement that the recording of the IMLT is reference point and recording instrument dependent. There is agreement that IMLT is observable on some patients and is minimal in magnitude. There is no evidence of any adverse clinical events as a result of not including IMLT in a restorative occlusal scheme.

Conclusions

It is justifiable to question the necessity of attempting both to record immediate mandibular lateral translation on the average patient and reproduce it on an articulator.
Occlusal Schemes for Implant Restorations: Best Evidence Consensus Statement
Authors: Goldstein Gary , Goodacre Charles , Taylor Thomas
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Numerous studies have focused on the various complications with implant‐retained restorations and a common thread in these publications is the potential for occlusal overload. The purpose of this Best Evidence Consensus Statement on implant occlusal schemes was to review the literature to determine the level of scientific evidence upon which the articles are based.

Materials and Methods

Limiting the search to Clinical trials, Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews, Meta‐analyses, the key words: dental implants, occlusion, found no citations. Expanding the search to Journal articles found 1,483 results, 20 of which pertained to the question. Doing a similar search including Journal Articles, the key words: dental implants and occlusal scheme found 47 citations, 17 of which were pertinent to the question.

Results

After eliminating duplicates and non‐relevant articles, 15 were included in the review. Nineteen additional articles were culled by going through the reference lists in the aforementioned articles.

Conclusions

There is a lack of scientific evidence regarding the occlusal scheme utilized with implant restorations that will minimize or eliminate complications. In light of this lack of scientific evidence, the style of occlusion a practitioner utilizes with tooth or mucosal supported prostheses may be used with implant‐supported restorations until compelling evidence dictates otherwise.
Probabilistic vehicle weight estimation using physics‐constrained generative adversarial network
Authors: Yu Yang , Cai C. S. , Liu Yongming
Published: March 2021

Traffic information plays an important role in the design and management of civil transportation infrastructure. Bridge weigh‐in‐motion (BWIM) provides an effective tool for traffic information gathering by estimating vehicle parameters including its weight through bridge responses. Most existing BWIM algorithms rarely consider the epistemic uncertainty of vehicle weight in terms of the probabilistic distribution of estimated axle weights (AWs) of the vehicle. This paper proposes a novel methodology for probabilistic vehicle weight estimation using a physics‐constrained generative adversarial network (GAN). Generative models are introduced to describe the probabilistic distributions of estimated AWs and bridge responses. Physics constraints on the generative models are formulated and enforced by minimizing a physics‐based loss function. The generative models are then learned by training a physics‐constrained GAN using the observed bridge responses. Numerical study and field testing are conducted to demonstrate the proposed method using representative highway bridges and vehicles. The results show that the proposed method can successfully capture the uncertainty in the vehicle weight estimation and provide the probabilistic distributions of the estimated AWs for different vehicle types and loading conditions considered, which can enhance the application of BWIM for relevant tasks such as traffic data collection and truck overloading enforcement. Based on the results obtained from the numerical study and field testing, the maximum coefficient of variation obtained for the AWs and gross vehicle weight of the presented cases are 0.55 and 0.11, respectively.
Plastic but not adaptive: habitat‐driven differences in metabolic rate despite no differences in selection between habitats
Authors: Schuster Lukas , White Craig R. , Marshall Dustin J.
Published: March 2021

Metabolic plasticity in response to different environmental conditions is widespread across taxa. It is reasonable to expect that such plasticity should be adaptive, but only few studies have determined the adaptive significance of metabolic plasticity by formally estimating selection on metabolic rate under different environmental conditions. We used a model marine colonial invertebrate,Bugula neritinato examine selection on metabolic rate in a harsh and a benign environment in the field, then tested whether these environments induced the expression of different metabolic phenotypes. We conducted two experimental runs and found evidence for positive correlational selection on the combination of metabolic rate and colony size in both environments in one run, whereas we could not detect any selection on metabolic rate in the second run. Even though there was no evidence for different selection regimes in the different environments, colonies expressed different metabolic phenotypes depending on the environment they experienced. Furthermore, there was no relationship between the degree of plasticity expressed by an individual and their subsequent fitness. In other words, we found evidence for phenotypic plasticity in metabolic rate, but there was no evidence that this plasticity was adaptive. In the absence of estimates of performance, changes in metabolic rate should not be assumed to be adaptive.
Looking for politically like‐minded partners: Self‐presentation and partner‐vetting strategies on dating apps
Authors: Chan Lik Sam
Published: March 2021

Scholarship on politics and romance has found that political homophily between couples is due to social sorting (i.e., people seeking politically like‐minded partners from the outset). However, it remains unclear how people do so in an online context. Based on interviews with dating app users in Hong Kong, this study explores individuals' self‐presentation and partner‐vetting strategies in their quests for politically like‐minded partners in a highly polarized political environment. The study reveals that political participation and knowledge have become sexual capital on dating apps, and self‐censorship has begun to emerge in citizens' private use of social media in the city. Finally, this study proposes a typology along the dimensions of effectiveness and riskiness to categorize various self‐presentation and partner‐vetting strategies.
Macrophomina phaseolina–host interface: Insights into an emerging dry root rot pathogen of mungbean and urdbean, and its mitigation strategies
Authors: Basandrai Ashwani K. , Pandey Abhay K. , Somta Prakit , Basandrai Daisy
Published: March 2021

The necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is an important pathogen of many crops, such as strawberry, maize, sorghum, potato, soybean, chickpea, and pigeon pea, and causes multiple diseases throughout the world. The microsclerotia, which are the source of primary inoculum, play an important role in the survival and spread of M. phaseolina, as well as disease initiation and development. South Asia has unique characteristics relative to countries with temperate climates, that is, warm temperature, high humidity, and reduced rainfall that influence the interaction between M. phaseolina and its hosts. This review discusses the distribution pattern, pathogen background, pathogenic and genetic variability, and the mitigation strategies applied worldwide to reduce the impact of diseases caused by M. phaseolina with a focus on dry root rot of mungbean and urdbean in South Asia. Dry root rot, caused by M. phaseolina, is an emerging disease of mungbean and urdbean in South Asia. Dry root rot research in South Asia has focused mostly on adopting disease mitigation strategies evolved in tropical to temperate climates such as cultural practices, chemical control, genetic resistance, and biological control. Although the disease is prevalent in most of South Asia, there have been very few studies on M. phaseolina and its host–parasite interaction. Therefore, additional research is required in this domain, which could result in improved understanding and management of M. phaseolina in the face of present and future climate extremes.
Sumithion usage in aquaculture: benefit or forfeit?
Authors: Shahjahan Md , Islam SM Majharul , Bablee Alif Layla , Siddik Muhammad A.B. , Fotedar Ravi
Published: March 2021

Sumithion is an organophosphate insecticide, extensively used to remove tiger bug from aquaculture ponds prior to the release of fish larvae. Its usage in aquaculture may initially assist in insect eradication; however, the harmful effects of sumithion may surpass the beneficial effects and may be alarming for the farmed fish and other aquatic organisms. This study summarizes the consequential effects of sumithion on the natural productivity in aquaculture ponds, and early development, physiological response, and reproductive functions of the farmed fish. Studies have found that sumithion adversely affects the natural production of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos, and reduces the hatching success with increased mortality, and morphological alterations in fish embryos and larvae. Fish haematological and biochemical alterations are also reported to be induced by the exposure to sumithion, as are variety of histopathological alterations and reproductive dysfunctions in exposed fish. Overall, this study is the first comprehensive overview of any insecticide which may advance our understanding of the rational and restricted use of insecticide in aquaculture operations.
Assessing the relative importance of nurse species on Mediterranean human‐altered areas
Authors: Garrote Pedro J. , Castilla Antonio R. , Fedriani Jose M.
Published: March 2021

One advantageous strategy for the restoration of human‐disturbed landscapes is the use of ecologically “important” species such as nurse plants. We propose a field‐based approach to measure the functional importance of nurse species (i.e. their relative facilitative effects on other plant species) and to identify which species will yield more efficient revegetation programs regarding their abundance. We identified 30 nurse‐beneficiary spatial associations, with the functional importance varying largely among four nurse species and three human‐disturbed areas. A Mediterranean endemic palm was the most important nurse species, thus showing its potential key role in revegetation programs by promoting spatial associations with late‐successional plant species. We encourage restorers to use nurse species with a disproportionate (regarding their relative abundance) impact on ecosystems to save additional resources.
Technology‐Induced Job Loss and the Prioritization of Economic Problems in the Mass Public
Authors: Heinrich Tobias , Witko Christopher
Published: March 2021

Observers argue that robots and other advanced technology will eliminate millions of jobs across affluent democracies in the coming decades. But do citizens in affluent democracies recognize this, and if so, does it affect how salient they find economic problems compared to other problems the governments might address? Using a unique Eurobarometer survey with an extensive set of questions about technology we investigate the extent of sociotropic and selfish employment concerns regarding technology and examine how these concerns are associated with the micro‐level prioritization of economic problems in European mass publics. We find that sociotropic employment concerns regarding technology are widespread compared to selfish, but that only those with selfish employment concerns demonstrate greater prioritization of economic problems. Our findings have important implications for understanding how people view the threat posed by technology to their jobs and potential shifts in policy agendas as technology‐induced job loss spreads.
Is there any merit to the merit‐based immigration system? What Sub‐Saharan African immigrant labor and housing market outcomes tell us about U.S. economic and immigration systems
Authors: Tesfai Rebbeca
Published: March 2021

For decades, U.S. immigration policy debates have centered on creating a merit‐based system limiting entry to high‐skilled immigrants. Yet the emphasis on merit‐based immigration ignores the fact that high‐skilled immigrants already enter the United States in merit‐based immigration assume high‐skilled immigrants benefit the U.S. economy because they are better able than low‐skilled immigrants to translate skills into economic success. Using Sub‐Saharan (Black) African immigrants' labor and housing market outcomes, I show that meritocracy only partially explains U.S. labor and housing outcomes, leaving a merit‐based system unlikely to address America's economic needs. The majority of immigrants to the U.S. are non‐White, and racial discrimination in the labor market results in occupational and wage disadvantages in the U.S. Due to the public charge rule, high skilled immigrants may be less likely to get their visas renewed or green card applications approved because of these labor market disadvantages. Without stable visa status, high‐skilled immigrants will be less likely to make long‐term economic investments in the United States—an important way of contributing to the U.S. economy. Together, research indicates that U.S. immigration reform will not work without first enacting policy addressing racial disparities in economic systems.
Using an excel visual to illustrate univariate and bivariate variability
Authors: Lilly Bryan , Miller Andrew J.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a dynamic Excel visual. The visual has three graphs that are all driven by the same data, so students can see how changes (via Slider controls) in data appear on a univariate graph, a bivariate graph, and a graph that shows a ratio of two variables on one axis. The visual has macros that let a statistics teacher reveal parts of the visual separately. The paper discusses how the visual helps students learn about five conceptual issues. Concluding comments are provided to help teachers who might wish to use the visual.
Molecular changes of Arabidopsis thaliana plastoglobules facilitate thylakoid membrane remodeling under high light stress
Authors: Espinoza‐Corral Roberto , Schwenkert Serena , Lundquist Peter K.
Published: March 2021

Plants require rapid responses to adapt to environmental stresses. This includes dramatic changes in the size and number of plastoglobule lipid droplets within chloroplasts. Although the morphological changes of plastoglobules are well documented, little is known about the corresponding molecular changes. To address this gap, we have compared the quantitative proteome, oligomeric state, prenyl‐lipid content and kinase activities of Arabidopsis thaliana plastoglobules under unstressed and 5‐day light‐stressed conditions. Our results show a specific recruitment of proteins related to leaf senescence and jasmonic acid biosynthesis under light stress, and identify nearly half of the plastoglobule proteins in high native molecular weight masses. Additionally, a specific increase in plastoglobule carotenoid abundance under the light stress was consistent with enhanced thylakoid disassembly and leaf senescence, supporting a specific role for plastoglobules in senescence and thylakoid remodeling as an intermediate storage site for photosynthetic pigments. In vitro kinase assays of isolated plastoglobules demonstrated kinase activity towards multiple target proteins, which was more pronounced in the plastoglobules of unstressed than light‐stressed leaf tissue, and which was diminished in plastoglobules of the abc1k1/abc1k3 double‐mutant. These results strongly suggest that plastoglobule‐localized ABC1 kinases hold endogenous kinase activity, as these were the only known or putative kinases identified in the isolated plastoglobules by deep bottom‐up proteomics. Collectively, our study reveals targeted changes to the protein and prenyl‐lipid composition of plastoglobules under light stress that present strategies by which plastoglobules appear to facilitate stress adaptation within chloroplasts.
Technology as Human Social Tradition: 15 Trait-Based Datasets of Hunter-Gatherer Material Culture (Northwest Siberia, Pacific Northwest Coast, Northern California). Data Paper
Authors: Jordan Peter
Published: March 2021

How are particular material culture traditions passed from one generation to the next? The digital archive supports "Technology as Human Social Tradition: Cultural Transmission among Hunter-Gatherers" (Jordan 2015) published by University of California Press. The archive consists of 15 Excel files which were used to conduct in-depth analysis of the factors driving diversity and change in material culture traditions. Each file contains a high-resolution survey of the design features of one material tradition practised by groups living in a geographic region. Three regions are investigated: Northwest Siberia (storage platforms shrines, skis); Pacific Northwest Coast of Canada (houses, canoes, basketry-matting); Northern California (basketry, houses, ceremonial dress).
Impact of Gas-Filled Annular Space on Thermal and Optical Performances of a Heat Pipe Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
Authors: Janan Moulay Ahmed , Taqi Mohamed , Chakir Hamid
Published: March 2021

In this work, we demonstrate the improvement of thermal performances of a heat pipe parabolic trough solar collector by optimizing the annulus space, between the evaporator and the glass envelope, and using an appropriate filling gas. We compared the system thermal effectiveness for nine filling gases (hydrogen, air, helium, neon, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, krypton, and xenon). The results showed that using xenon or krypton leads to the best thermal yield (70%). While krypton arises to be the most energetically efficient filling gas, argon, with a thermal yield of 62%, presents a best compromise as the cheapest inert gas. In addition, we showed that the annular space size should be less than a critical value to minimize heat losses and to reduce the material cost during manufacturing.
Auditory masking in killer whales (Orcinus orca): Critical ratios for tonal signals in Gaussian noise
Authors: Branstetter Brian K. , Felice Michael , Robeck Todd
Published: March 2021

Masked detection thresholds were measured for two killer whales (Orcinus orca) using a psychoacoustic, adaptive-staircase procedure. Noise bands were 1-octave wide continuous Gaussian noise. Tonal signals extended between 500 Hz and 80 kHz. Resulting critical ratios increased with the signal frequency from 15 dB at 500 Hz up to 32 dB at 80 kHz. Critical ratios for killer whales were similar to those of other odontocetes despite considerable differences in size, hearing morphology, and hearing sensitivity between species.
Effects of an Exercise Therapy Targeting Knee Kinetics on Pain, Function, and Gait Kinetics in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bokaeian Hamid Reza , Esfandiarpour Fateme , Zahednejad Shahla , Mohammadi Hossein Kouhzad , Farahmand Farzam
Published: March 2021

In this study, the effects of an exercise therapy comprising yoga exercises and medial-thrust gait (YogaMT) on lower-extremity kinetics, pain, and function in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis were investigated. Fifty-nine patients were randomly allocated to three treatment groups: (a) the YogaMT group practiced yoga exercises and medial thrust gait, (b) the knee-strengthening group performed quadriceps- and hamstring-strengthening exercises, and (c) the treadmill walking group practiced normal treadmill walking in 12 supervised sessions. The adduction and flexion moments of the hip, knee, and ankle; pain intensity; and 2-min walking test were assessed before and after treatment and at 1-month follow-up. The YogaMT group experienced a significant reduction in knee adduction moment. All groups showed significant improvement in pain and function. The YogaMT may reduce medial knee load in patients with knee osteoarthritis in the short term. A larger clinical trial is required to investigate the long-term outcomes of this intervention.