bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Motivasi, Disiplin, Kepuasan Kerja, dan Iklim Perusahaan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. XYZ
Authors: Kifta Decky Antony
Published: November 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi, disiplin, kepuasan kerja dan iklim perusahaan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. XYZ, dimana terdapat masalah yang berhubungan dengan capaian kinerja karyawan yang belum memuaskan yang dipantau oleh bagian human resources (HRD). Terdapat empat variabel yang dipercaya mempengaruhi variabel kinerja karyawan, yaitu motivasi, disiplin, kepuasan kerja dan iklim perusahaan. Kemudian untuk memperoleh data yang diperlukan, selama penelitian penulis menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan kuesioner. Kuesioner yang dibuat mengacu pada keempat variabel bebas dan satu variabel terikat itu dibagikan kepada kuesioner. Sebanyak 200 orang karyawan terpilih sebagai responden yang mengisi kuesioner, dan data yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan program SPSS. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji statistik yaitu seperti uji prasyarat analisis (normalitas), uji t, uji F, persamaan regresi dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dari uji statistik tersebut kemudian disimpulkan, dan dibuktikan bahwa ada pengaruh signifikan antara motivasi, disiplin, kepuasan kerja dan iklim perusahaan terhadap kinerja karyawan baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (nilai R) sebesar 0,919 atau ‘sangat kuat’, dan nilai adjusted R square sebesar 0,841, atau 84,1%, maka hal ini berarti bahwa pengaruh motivasi, disiplin, kepuasan kerja dan iklim perusahaan sangat kuat terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan persentase sebesar 84,1%.
Confirmation bias in decision making for fingerprints, DNA and eyewitness evidence cannot be explained by cognitive style or thinking dispositions.
Authors: Edgcumbe Daniel
Published: November 2019

Pre-existing beliefs about the background or guilt of a suspect can bias the subsequent evaluation of evidence for forensic examiners and lay people alike. This biasing effect, called the confirmation bias, has influenced legal proceedings in prominent court cases such as that of Brandon Mayfield. Today many forensic providers attempt to train their examiners against these cognitive biases. Nine hundred and forty-two participants read a fictional criminal case and received either neutral, incriminating or exonerating evidence (fingerprint, eyewitness, or DNA) before providing an initial rating of guilt. Participants then viewed ambiguous evidence (alibi, facial composite, handwriting sample or informant statement) before providing a final rating of guilt. Final guilt ratings were higher for all evidence conditions (neutral, incriminating or exonerating) following exposure to the ambiguous evidence. This provides evidence that the confirmation bias influences the evaluation of evidence.
Towards an Encompassing Theory of Network Models
Authors: Marsman Maarten , Waldorp Lourens , Borsboom Denny
Published: November 2019

Network models like the Ising model are increasingly used in psychological research. In a recent article published in this journal, Brusco, Steinley, Hoffman, Davis-Stober, and Wasserman (in press) provide a critical assessment of the conditions that underlie the Ising model and the eLasso method that is commonly used to estimate it. In this commentary, we show that their main criticisms are unfounded. First, where Brusco et al. suggest that Ising models have little to do with classical network models such as random graphs, we show that they can be fruitfully connected. Second, if one makes this connection it is immediately evident that Brusco et al.’s second criticism – that the Ising model requires complete population homogeneity and does not allow for individual differences in network structure – is incorrect. In particular, we establish that if every individual has their own topology, and these individual differences instantiate a random graph model, the Ising model will hold in the population. Hence, population homogeneity is sufficient for the Ising model, but it is not necessary, as Brusco et al. suggest. Third, we address Brusco et al.’s criticism regarding the sparsity assumption that is made in common uses of the Ising model. We show that this criticism is misdirected, as it targets a particular estimation algorithm for the Ising model rather than the model itself. We also describe various established and validated approaches for estimating the Ising model for networks that violate the sparsity assumption. Finally, we outline important avenues for future research.
A paradigm for investigating the effects of top-down processes on visual search
Authors: Biswas Arnab , Kumar Devpriya
Published: November 2019

Searching for things is an essential part of our everyday life. The way we search gives us clues on how our cognitive processes function. Scientists have used the visual search task to study attention, perception, and memory. Visual search performance depends upon a combination of stimulus-driven, bottom-up information, goal-oriented, top-down information, and selection history bias. It is difficult to separate these factors due to their close interaction. Our current study presents a paradigm to isolate the effects of top-down factors in visual search. In our experiments, we asked subjects to perform two different search tasks. A part of the total trials in each of these tasks had the same bottom-up information. That is, they had the same target, distractor, and target-distractor arrangement. We controlled for selection history bias by having an equivalent proportion of target types for all tasks and randomized the trial-order for each subject. We compared the mean response times for the critical trials, which had identical bottom-up information shared across the two pairs of tasks. The results showed a significant difference in mean response times of critical trials for both our experiments. Thus, this paradigm allows us to compare the difference in top-down guidance when controlling for bottom-up factors. Pairwise comparison of top-down guidance for different features given the same bottom-up information allows us to ask interesting questions such as, “Visual search guidance for which features can or cannot be easily increased by top-down processes?” Answers to these questions can further shed light on the ecological and evolutionary importance of such features in perception.
PENGEMBANGAN EKSPERIMEN SIMULASI GETARAN DAN GELOMBANG DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAINS DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH
Authors: Yennita Yennita , Ma’ruf Ahmad , Ul Husni Nisa , Sudrajat Hendar , Zulirfan Zulirfan
Published: November 2019

bukan belajar dengan metode ceramah. Pembelajaran tentang getaran dan gelombang di dalam tuntutankurikulum merupakan pembelajaran yang harus dilakukan dengan eksperimen. Namun percobaan ini ternyatasulit dilakukan karena tidak ada alat eksperimen yang dapat menghasilkan gelombang berjalan yang terukurkecepatan, amplitudo, perioda dan frekuensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat eksprimensimulasi getaran dan gelombang. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan R&D yaitu suatubentuk penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu dan menguji keefektifan produk.Pengembangan alat percobaan ini mengikuti tahapan ADDIE model, dengan melewati 5 tahap yaitu Analysis,Design, Development, Implementation dan Evaluation. Alat percobaan ini dapat digunakan setelah direvisi,divalidasi oleh pakar. Setelah dinyatakan valid oleh pakar, selanjutnya dilakukan uji coba di lapangan untukmelihat keberfungsian alat dan kemudahan penggunaan alat tersebut. Hasil validasi alat eksperimen danLembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) telah valid menurut pakar. Setelah diuji pada sekelompok siswa, alateksperimen telah memenuhi kriteria praktis menurut siswa, maka selanjutnya alat ini telah dapat digunakanuntuk melihat efektivitasnya.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMONSTRATION METHOD TOWARD STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN BASIC PHYSICS II
Authors: Azizahwati Azizahwati , Laila Widya , Nasirly Riri
Published: November 2019

This study was aimed to describe the basic physics II learning result of students of Industrial Engineering ofPelalawan Institute of Technology on the electicity material. The subject in this study were the secondsemester students of Industrial Engineering of Pelalawan Institute of Technology academic year 2017/2018.The instrument which was used to collect the data was the test given after the implementation of thedemonstration method. The data was analyzed by using descriptive analysis technique which includestudent's mastery level. The results of data analysis showed that student learning outcomes were categorizedgood. The Implementation of demonstration method can improve student learning outcomes on the concept ofelectricity.
ANALISIS SOAL UAS GASAL 2017/2018 PKN KELAS VI SD DI UPTD PENDIDIKAN GENUK SEMARANG
Authors: Afandi Muhamad , Nazilah Itsna Iin
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to find out the quality of the exam questions of UAS Gasal 2017-2018 PKn Class VI Elementary School in the Genuk Semarang Education UPTD based on, among others: validity, reliability, level of difficulty, distinguishing power, and deceptive analysis. The results of the study are valid (76%) and invalid (24%) means that the odd UAS given to students can measure the ability of students, reliability there are numbers 1 to 50 coefficients of 0.48 which are criteria enough to mean the odd UAS questions given to participant students can measure the ability of students, difficulties are (54%) criteria are being and (28%) easy criteria means that the problem of odd UAS cannot distinguish the ability of students with high and low ability as well as measuring the ability of students, the distinguishing ability is (52%) the criteria are enough that the odd UAS questions given to students can measure students' abilities, and there are (98%) misleading analysis which is not good, meaning that the repetition of the exam on the odd semester is not good enough. the criteria that have been obtained data processing of students' learning outcomes can be known criteria of validity, reliability, level of difficulty, distinguishing power, and deception analysis.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN PENGEMBAGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BBM3 UNTUK MENINGKATKAN METAKOGNISI MAHASISWA
Authors: Suhandi Andi , Pamela Issaura Sherly
Published: November 2019

This study aims to analyze the needs of developing BBM3 learning models (Thinking, Planning, Implementing, Monitoring, Evaluating) to improve student metacognition. The research is conduct by survey method in the Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program (PGSD), Teacher Training and Education Faculty (FKIP), Jambi University. The research subjects were 115 3rd semester students and 4 PGSD lecturers. The objects studied were curriculum analysis of PGSD FKIP UNJA, students' metacognition abilities, the learning process that has been applied so far especially in improving student metacognition, and lecturers' and students' responses to the development of BBM3 learning models. The research instruments used to obtain data were questionnaires and tests. Data obtained from these instruments were analyzed descriptively. The analysis results obtained are the PGSD FKIP curriculum in UNJA demanding students think about thinking, known as metacognition, not all lecturers invite students to monitor and evaluate learning continuously. The class average of the students' metacognition ability tests was in the poor category with a score of 32.87. The learning process so far has focused on improving teaching skills in elementary schools, activeness, and student character, not all lecturers have explored metacognition abilities, with the category sometimes. Lecturers interested in the BBM3 learning model with the category of strongly agree. The conclusion of this research is the need for the development of BBM3 learning is very high, so this learning model needs to be developed.
POLA ASUH ORANGTUA DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL ANAK (STUDI KASUS KELUARGA SARIFUDIN, JL. SUKA KARYA PERUMAHAN KARYA PESONA MANDIRI BLOK S 21 RT 01 RW 27 PANAM PEKANBARU)
Authors: SURYANI WAHYU SARI , ALPUSARI MAHMUD , NOVIANA EDDY
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe in-depth how parenting Sarifudin family in developing the social skills of children. In this research, the type of research used by the author is descriptive qualitative research with approach case studies. The subject of this research is the third child of father Sarifudin named Neriza Safitri. Source data are taken from parents Neriza consisting of a father and mother, a third son named Neriza Safitri and neighbors near Sarifudin family. Using data collection techniques of observation, interview, documentation, and triangulation. The data analysis technique used is the reduction of data, data presentation, and conclusion. From the results of research that has been done can be concluded that in the family Sarifudin parenting that is applied to his son was a democratic type of parenting. Democratic parenting is parenting that gives to the son demands at once responsive to the will and the will of the child. Democratic parents will be assertive, let children choose what he thought good, encouraging children to take responsibility for the choices, but still set the standards and a clear limitation on the child and always watching him. They are still engaged in intensive communication and warm as well as responsive to the needs of the child. Warm communication allows the existence of discussions. In applying the discipline of democratic parents will be sportsmanship, meaning that when children do not comply with the rules of the parents and are able to explain the reason, parents are willing to hear and understand.
IMPLEMENTATION OF TREFFINGER LEARNING MODEL TO INCREASE LEARNING MATHEMATICS RESULT STUDENTS V SDN 47 PEKANBARU
Authors: Putri Shinta Amanda , N Lazim , Syahrilfuddin Syahrilfuddin
Published: November 2019

The background of this study is caused by fifth grade student have low learning out come in SDN 47 Pekanbaru.The standard score in school is 70 from 41 students,only 20 students has reached the standard score with percentage 48,78% and there are 21 students didn't reached standard score yet,with percentage 51,21% and avarage score is 60,24.the aimof this research is for increase learning outcome mathematics of fifth grade students SDN 47  Pekanbaru by implemertation of treffinger learning model.The result showed that the average score of 60,24 increase in cycle Iasi 27,53% to 76,82. In cycle II the average student also experienced an increase of 42.30% to 85.73. Teacher activity at the first meeting of cycle I the percentage is 65% with Enough category. The second meeting increased to 75% with good category. At the first meeting of the second cycle of teacher activity increased to 90% with good category. At the second meeting it increased to 95% with very good category. Student activity at first meeting of cycle I the percentage is 60% with enough category. The second meeting increased to 75% with good category. At the first meeting of cycle II student activity increased to 85% with good category. At the second meeting it increased to 95% with very good category.
Pembuatan Bihun Dari Tepung Sorgum Termodifikasi Menggunakan Lactobacillus Bulgaricus
Authors: Haryani Kristinah , Salindri Galuh , Jansonchia Jansonchia , Suryanto Suryanto
Published: November 2019

Sorgum dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif sumber pangan, salah satunya dengan mengolah sorgum menjadi bihun. Bihun sorgum dibuat dari tepung sorgum yang telah difermentasi oleh bakteri asam laktat (BAL) Lactobacillus bulgaricus, juga dengan penambahan tepung maizena pada pembuatan bihun sorgum-maizena diharapkan dapat meningkatkan tekstur dari bihun tersebut. Penelitian ini terdiri fermentasi tepung sorgum dan pembuatan bihun. Dari hasil fermentasi tepung sorgum, terdapat peningkatan kadar protein dan penurunan kadar karbohidrat, lemak, dan abu. Hasil analisa bihun sorgum menunjukkan tiap varian komposisinya mengalami peningkatan nilai daya serap air; penurunan nilai cooking loss; dan penurunan waktu rehidrasi. Dari hasil tersebut ditentukanlah formulasi terpilih bihun sorgum yakni pada komposisi 100% tepung sorgum tergelatinisasi.Selanjutnya dibuatlah bihun sorgum-maizena, dimana tiap varian komposisinya mengalami peningkatan nilai daya serap air; penurunan nilai cooking loss; penurunan waktu rehidrasi; dan penurunan nilai hardness.Saran pada penelitian ini hendaknya terdapat pengontrolan suhu yang lebih akurat agar produk yang dihasilkan lebih baik.
Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Circuit Learning: Suatu Upaya dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Syahrial Syahrial
Published: November 2019

This research is motivated by the low student mathematics learning outcomes. The influencing factors are inactive students and lack of communication between students and students. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the circuit learning strategy to students' learning outcomes in the cognitive and effective domains. This type of research is pre-experimental and the research design used is randomized control group only design. Based on the final test of learning outcomes obtained an average of mathematics learning outcomes in the experimental class 79.3 and the average mathematics learning outcomes of the control class 70. The results of the t-test analysis obtained tcount = 3.89 and ttable = 1.667 at the real level of 0.05. It is concluded that tcount> ttable accepts an alternative hypothesis (H1) that is the mathematics learning outcomes of the experimental class students is better than the control class. Analysis of the data in the affective domain obtained zcount = 3.83 and ztable = 1.64 at the real level of 0.05 thus zcount> ztable, in other words Hi is accepted meaning that student learning activities in the experimental class are better than the control class. Based on data analysis in the cognitive and affective domains it can be concluded that there is an influence of the application of the circuit learning strategy to student mathematics learning outcomes.
Evaluation of Internal Control System in Efforts to Prevent Accounting Fraud with Internal Audit as Moderating Variable
Authors: Miati Ni Luh Putu Mita , Sutapa I Nyoman
Published: November 2019

The Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) in BALI serves as a container of wealth belonging to the village and the village in the form of money or other securities; and as a village-owned financial entity directed at increased efforts The village and support the development of the village. However, there are some cases of fraud/fraud that occurs in the LPD in Bali that have affected the losses especially on the village. Some researchers have conducted research on the likelihood of Fraud Accounting But there are still inconsistent results, researchers will examine the relationship between the internal control system, the tendency to fraud accounting with internal audit as a moderate variable, and give an overview of internal control system in the LPD in Bali province. This Study used LPD samples in the still active province of Bali.  Muse a random sampling method based on the Cluster of 1.283 LPD and data analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results obtained are the system Internal control of the LPD in BALI does not affect the likelihood of fraud accounting and internal audit on the LPD in BALI is unable to moderate the influence of internal control system to fraud accounting tendencies.
Practical Aspects in Genetic Testing for Cardiomyopathies and Channelopathies
Authors: Lee Han-Chih Hencher , Ching Chor-Kwan
Published: November 2019

Genetic testing has an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and management of cardiac disorders, where it confirms the diagnosis, aids prognostication and risk stratification and guides treatment. A genetic diagnosis in the proband also enables clarification of the risk for family members by cascade testing. Genetics in cardiac disorders is complex where epigenetic and environmental factors might come into interplay. Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity is also common. Genetic results in cardiac conditions are mostly probabilistic and should be interpreted with all available clinical information. With this complexity in cardiac genetics, testing is only indicated in patients with a strong suspicion of an inheritable cardiac disorder after a full clinical evaluation. In this review we discuss the genetics underlying the major cardiomyopathies and channelopathies, and the practical aspects of diagnosing these conditions in the laboratory.
Male and female symbolism in the Gnostic Apocryphon of John
Authors: GILHUS INGVILD SÆLID
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
The Spirit World of the Luo People in Kenya, East Africa
Authors: HAUGE HANS-EGIL
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
The Cargo Proper in Cargo Cults
Authors: SIIKALA JUKKA
Published: November 2019

No abstract available
PROBLEMS OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY ON THE MARKET OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF RUSSIA
Authors: Kazantsev Kirill
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the current problems of investment in the intellectual property market in Russia. The world experience of investing in an intellectual product is considered. The actual statistics on investment activity in the intellectual property market of Russia is given.
The correlation analysis of the influence of investment activity on patent activity in Russia is carried out.
PLAUSIBLE REASONING IN ECONOMIC RESEARCH
Authors: Kramer Mikhail
Published: November 2019

Economic research includes values and comment on their words. The proof is built on numbers and logical statements. Between them, plausible arguments are formed, leading to the format of the digital economy. The article shows that the properties of each of the 4 numbers tend to a certain economic category. Known in economic theory as categories, value models can be developed in the digital economy on the basis of philosophical antinomies, establishing boundaries of plausible reasoning for households and in spatial development. Households differ from the environment in the application of labor value theory. To build the economy of the state required chrematistics.
PROBLEMS OF USE OF RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT ON THE EXAMPLE OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Ushakova Elena , Vdovin Sergei
Published: November 2019

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to assess structural changes in the territorial and sectoral structure, as well as factors affecting the competitiveness of the regional economy. The article presents the results of calculations of structural changes in the economy of the Novosibirsk region for the period from 2000 to 2016 using the method of "shift-share analysis". The method allows to assess the degree of influence of three groups of factors (national, regional and internal competitiveness of the regional industries) on changes in the regional economy. The article presents the results of calculations of the growth rates employed in certain sectors of the Novosibirsk region by types of economic activity for the period from 2000 to 2016, as well as indicators of the MIX-effect (composition) and DIF-effect (competition). Based on the assessment of structural changes, the types of economic activities that demonstrate the highest indicators of industry competitiveness are determined.
Learning Dispositif and Emotional Attachment: A Preliminary International Analysis
Authors: Huston Simon , Huston Elena , Kozlowski Marek
Published: November 2019

This research investigated the significance of learning dispositif (LD) and emotional attachment (EA) on perceived learning success (LS) across a diaspora of Western, Russian, Asian, Middle Eastern and Chinese student cohorts. Foucault’s LD captures the disparate socio-cultural contexts, institutional milieus and more or less didactic teaching styles that moderate learning. EA is a multi-dimensional notion involving affective bonds that emerged in child psychology and spread to marketing and other fields. The sequential explanatory research reviewed the learning and EA literatures and generated an LD–EA framework to structure the quantitative phase of its mixed investigations. In 2017 and 2018, the research collected 150 responses and used a range of statistical techniques for quantitative analysis. It found that LS varied significantly across cohorts, intimating that dispositifs influence learning. Nonparametric analysis suggested that EA also influenced learning, but regressions were inconclusive. Exploratory techniques hint at a dynamic mix of emotional or cognitive motivations during the student learning journey, involving structural breaks in student/instructor relationships. Cluster analysis identified distinct student groupings, linked to years of learning. Separately, qualitative analysis of open-ended survey questions and expert interviews intimates that frequent teacher interactions can increase EA. The synthesis of quantitative with qualitative results and pedagogical reflection suggests that LD and EA both influence learning in a complex, dynamic system. The key constituents for EA are Affection, Connection, Social Presence (SP), Teaching Presence (TP) and Flow but student emotional engagement is conditioned by the socio-cultural milieu (LD) and associated factors like relationships and trust. Unlike in the Community of Learning framework, in the EA framework Cognitive Presence (CP) is an outcome of the interaction between these EA constituents, associated factors and the socio-cultural milieu. Finally, whilst awareness of culture and emotions is a useful pedagogical consideration, learning mainstays remain inclusive educational systems that identify student needs and support well-designed programmes. Within these, scaffolded modules should include a variety of engaging learning activities with non-threatening formative and trustworthy summative feedback. We acknowledge some statistical study limitations, but its tentative findings make a useful preliminary contribution.
A Novel Active Cell Balancing Circuit and Charging Strategy in Lithium Battery Pack
Authors: Wu Shing-Lih , Chen Hung-Cheng , Chien Chih-Hsuan
Published: November 2019

A novel, active cell balancing circuit and charging strategy in lithium battery pack is proposed in this paper. The active cell balancing circuit mainly consists of a battery voltage measurement circuit and switch control circuit. First, all individual cell voltages are measured by an MSP430 microcontroller equipped with an isolation circuit and a filter circuit. Then, the maximum cell voltage difference is calculated by subtracting the minimum cell voltage from the maximum cell voltage. When the maximum cell voltage difference exceeds 0.05 V, the balancing action starts to carry on. The MSP430 microcontroller output controls signals to close the switches corresponding to the battery cell with the maximum voltage. At this time, the balancing charge power performs a balancing charge for other batteries, except for the one that is switched on. In addition, a three-stage balancing charge strategy is also proposed in this paper to achieve the goal of speedy charging with balancing action. In the first stage, a 0.5 C balancing current is used to perform pre-balanced charging on all battery cells until the maximum cell voltage difference is less than 0.05 V, which is required for entry to the second stage of charging. In the second stage, constant current charging of 1 C, coupled with 0.2 C balancing current charging is carried out, until the maximum battery cell voltage reaches 4.2 V, which is required for entry into the third stage of charging. In the third stage, a constant voltage charging is coupled with 0.2 C balancing current charging, until the maximum battery cell voltage reaches 4.25 V, which is required to complete the balancing charge. The imbalance of power between the battery cells during battery pack charging, which reduces battery charging efficiency and battery life, is thus effectively improved. In this paper, a six-cells-in-series and two-in parallel lithium battery pack is used to perform a balancing charge test. Test results show that the battery cells in the battery pack are capable of quickly completing a balancing charge under different initial voltages, the maximum voltage difference is reduced to within the range of 0.05 V, and the total time required for each balancing charge is approximately 3600 s.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Cotton and Other Natural Fibers for Textile Applications
Authors: La Rosa Angela D. , Grammatikos Sotirios A.
Published: November 2019

Among natural fibers, such as cotton, silk, wool, flax, hemp, etc., cotton is the one that takes up the highest percentage in the textile market. Nevertheless, there are obstacles associated with its cultivation; it is restricted to sub-tropical climates, and it is dependent upon high amounts of water, as well as the use of agrochemicals to ensure good yields. The use of pesticides and other types of chemical products give a negative impact on the environment. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used in the present study in order to evaluate the environmental impacts of cotton cultivation and fibers production for textiles. Comparisons among traditional and organic cropping have been carried out. Further comparisons are described with other natural fibers, such as jute, hemp and kenaf, in order to identify the strong and weak points of each product. Weak (e.g., lack of supply, transportation and storage of biomass, infancy of the value chain, lack of production/distribution chains, etc.) and strong aspects (e.g., market potential, rural development, environmental benefits, etc.) are considered for the production of each type of fiber.
The Endocannabinoid System in Pediatric Inflammatory and Immune Diseases
Authors: Argenziano Maura , Tortora Chiara , Bellini Giulia , Di Paola Alessandra , Punzo Francesca , Rossi Francesca
Published: November 2019

Endocannabinoid system consists of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptors, their endogenous ligands, and the enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation. CB2, to a great extent, and CB1, to a lesser extent, are involved in regulating the immune response. They also regulate the inflammatory processes by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediator release and immune cell proliferation. This review provides an overview on the role of the endocannabinoid system with a major focus on cannabinoid receptors in the pathogenesis and onset of inflammatory and autoimmune pediatric diseases, such as immune thrombocytopenia, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, obesity, neuroinflammatory diseases, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. These disorders have a high social impact and represent a burden for the healthcare system, hence the importance of individuating more innovative and effective treatments. The endocannabinoid system could address this need, representing a possible new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
Experimental Study of the Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Lightweight Toughness Cement-Based Composites
Authors: Chen Wenhua , Huang Zhiyi
Published: November 2019

The effects of cenospheres, an industrial waste residue, on the compressive strength, flexural strength, toughness, ductility, chemical component, microstructures, and micromechanics of lightweight toughness cement-based composites (LTCCs) by comprehensive experimental tests are explored in this paper. The results indicate that an increase in the amount of cenospheres leads to a decrease in the compressive and flexural strength of LTCCs. However, the specific strength of LTCCs increases with increasing cenosphere content. LTCCs containing 20% cenospheres and 1% fiber volume have the best toughness and ductility. Significant strain hardening occurs during the four-point bending and uniaxial tensile process. Furthermore, the incorporation of cenospheres promotes the hydration reaction of LTCCs due to its high pozzolanic activity. The LTCC cement paste has a low bonding strength to the fiber, which helps the fiber to be pulled out to produce greater bending deformation and tensile strain. The elastic modulus and hardness of the LTCC cement paste decrease linearly with increasing cenosphere content, which also causes the LTCC microstructure to become loose and more ettringite to generate. The weak interfacial transition zone between the cenospheres and the cement matrix is the important reason for the decreasing compressive strength of the LTCC. In conclusion, LTCC incorporating cenospheres is suitable for long-span steel deck pavements due to its light weight and excellent toughness. The successful application of cenospheres in engineering construction can save natural resources and contribute to sustainable development.
Optimized Extraction of Insect Genomic DNA for Long-Read Sequencing
Authors: Oppert Brenda , Stoss Samantha , Monk Alaysha , Smith Timothy
Published: November 2019

Long-read sequencing technologies continue to increase the length of reads, and at present can average read lengths of >20 kb up to 60–80 kb. Now the challenge is to extract genomic DNA of sufficient fragment size and quality to support longer read lengths. We developed a successful method to consistently obtain high-quality long genomic DNA from insects. The optimal developmental stage of insects for genomic DNA extraction was determined to be the pupal stage, eliminating DNA from ingested food and reducing contamination by chitinous material that can interfere with extraction. Improved results were obtained by a modified procedure of a commercial genomic DNA extraction kit. Initially, soft pupal tissue of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, was disrupted in the kit lysis buffer using Teflon micropestles. Modifications to the kit protocol also included gentle mixing by inversion of the tube, instead of harsh vortexing steps, and using wide-bore pipette tips in transferring fractions containing genomic DNA. Data from one sample were provided as an example of successful downstream library production and sequencing. While the technique has been optimized for insects, extractions from tissues of other organisms using these modified procedures also may improve long-read sequencing results.
Oriented Graphenes from Plasma-Reformed Coconut Oil for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Martin Phil , Bendavid Avi , Bell John , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: November 2019

The utilization of vertical graphene nanosheet (VGN) electrodes for energy storage in supercapacitors has long been desired yet remains challenging, mostly because of insufficient control of nanosheet stacking, density, surface functionality, and reactivity. Here, we report a single-step, scalable, and environment-friendly plasma-assisted process for the fabrication of densely packed yet accessible surfaces of forested VGNs (F-VGNs) using coconut oil as precursor. The morphology of F-VGNs could be controlled from a continuous thick structure to a hierarchical, cauliflower-like structure that was accessible by the electrolyte ions. The surface of individual F-VGNs was slightly oxygenated, while their interior remained oxygen-free. The fabricated thick (>10 μm) F-VGN electrodes presented specific capacitance up to 312 F/g at a voltage scan rate of 10 mV/s and 148 F/g at 500 mV/s with >99% retention after 1000 cycles. This versatile approach suggests realistic opportunities for further improvements, potentially leading to the integration of F-VGN electrodes in next-generation energy storage devices.
Mapping the Knowledge Domain of Smart-City Research: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Zhao Li , Tang Zhi-ying , Zou Xin
Published: November 2019

As urbanization continues to accelerate, the number of cities and their growing populations have created problems, such as the congestion and noise related to transportation, the pollution from industry, and the difficulty of disposing of garbage. An emerging urban strategy is to make use of digital technologies and big data to help improve the quality of life of urban residents. In the past decade, more and more researchers have studied smart cities, and the number of literature in this field grows rapidly, making it “big data”. With the aim of better understanding the contexts of smart-city research, including the distribution of topics, knowledge bases, and the research frontiers in the field, this paper is based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, and the method used is that of comprehensive scientometric analysis and knowledge mapping in terms of diversity, time slicing, and dynamics, using VOSviewer and CiteSpace to study the literature in the field. The main research topics can be divided into three areas—“the concepts and elements of the smart city”, “the smart city and the Internet of Things”, and “the smart city of the future”—through document co-citation analysis. There are four key directions—“research objectives and development-strategy research”, “technical-support research”, “data-processing and applied research”, and “management and applied research”—analyzed using keywords co-occurrence. Finally, the research frontiers are urban-development, sustainable cities, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, integration, undertaken through keyword co-occurrence analysis.
Numerical Study of Balancing between Indoor Building Energy and Outdoor Thermal Comfort with a Flexible Building Element
Authors: Kwon Choul Woong , Lee Kang Jun , Cho Soolyeon
Published: November 2019

This study analyzed the environmental role of a flexible canopy as a microclimate modifier in balancing indoor energy demands and outdoor thermal comfort. Flexible building elements are often installed in traditional buildings, depending on the local climate in southern Europe. The architectural performance of a canopy was analyzed using several environmental software packages (Ecotect, Rayman, WinAir, DaySim, and EDSL TAS). Coupling methods were applied to determine the environmental influence of the attached building element, a canopy with fixed and operable panes in different orientations and locations. The results showed that the flexible canopy played a crucial role in reducing indoor energy demands (heating and electricity for lighting) and increasing outdoor thermal comfort under the canopy area. Outdoor thermally comfortable conditions ranging between 13 and 29 °C in the canopy space could be enhanced by 56.3% over the entire year by manipulating a flexible canopy, compared with a fixed canopy with 90% transparency in London. The flexible canopy with higher transparency helped increase outdoor thermal comfort in Glasgow, while one with lower transparency showed better performance during summer in London. The findings of this research will help broaden the range of architectural elements used in buildings.
AL-RUKHSHAH LA TUNATU BIL MA’ASHI, DASAR DAN KAIDAH PENERAPANNYA AL-RUKHSHAH LA TUNATU BIL MA’ASHI
Authors: Fathoni Na’imah
Published: November 2019

Kaedah al-Rukhshah la Tunatu bi al-Ma’ashi adalah bahwa Rukhshah tidak boleh digunakan untuk melakukan maksiat. Rukhshah merupakan keringanan yang diberikan Allah kepada orang mukallaf dalam kondisi-kondisi tertentu yang menghendaki keringanan.. Dalam hal ini keringanan tersebut ada beberapa bentuk, yaitu: Keringanan dalam bentuk menggugurkan kewajiban, seperti bolehnya meninggalkan shalat jum’at, haji, ‘umrah dan jihad dalam keadaan udzur. Keringanan dalam bentuk mengurangi kewajiban; seperti meng-qashar shalat empat raka’at menjadi dua raka’at bagi orang yang berada dalam perjalanan. Keringanan dalam bentuk mengganti kewajiban; seperti mengganti wudhu’ dan mandi dengan tayamum karena tidak ada air; mengganti kewajiban berdiri dalam shalat dengan duduk, berbaring atau dengan isyarat dalam keadaan tidak mampu; kewajiban mengganti puasa wajib dengan memberi makan fakir miskin bagi orang tua yang tidak mampu berpuasa. Keringanan dalam bentuk mendahulukan pelaksanaan kewajiban; seperti membayar zakat fitrah semenjak awal Ramadhan, padahal waktu wajibnya adalah pada akhir Ramadhan. Mendahulukan mengerjakan shalat ashar pada waktu zhuhur dalam jama’ taqdim diperjalanan. Keringanan dalam bentuk mengubah kewajiban; seperti cara-cara pelaksanaan shalat dalam perang yang berubah dari bentuk biasanya yang disebut shalat khauf. Keringanan dalam bentuk penangguhan pelaksanaan kewajiban, seperti pelaksanaan shalatzhuhur dalam waktu ashar pada jama’ takhir karena dalam perjalanan, menangguhkan pelaksanaan puasa Ramadhan ke waktu sesudahnya dalam bentuk qadha karena sakit atau dalam perjalanan. Keringanan dalam bentuk membolehkan mengerjakan perbuatan haram dan meninggalkan perbuatan wajib karena udzur, seperti kebolehan memakan babi atau bangkai karena dalam keadaan terpaksa, Tetapi keringana-keringanan tersebut di atas tidak berlakubagi orang yang bertujuan melakukan maksiat, misalnya bagi yang melakukan perjalanan untuk tujuan mencuri, maka dia tidak dibenarkan menggunakan rukhshah atau keringanan-keringanan yang diberikan Allah bagi orang mukallaf, karena Rukhshah tidak boleh digunakan untuk melakukan perbuatan maksiat.
D’un bout du golfe à l’autre : les lampes corinthiennes découvertes à Delphes
Authors: Pétridis Platon
Published: November 2019

From one end of the gulf to the other : the Corinthian lamps discovered at Delphi

The Corinthian lamps dating from the 1st-3rd c. AD discovered at Delphi come mainly from the necropoleis and some urban contexts systematically excavated at the 1990’ s. They constitute a direct proof of the commercial relations between Delphi and the capital of the province of Achaia, Corinth. These relations stopped after the 3rd c. AD. The lamps presented here bear all the technical characteristics of the type (form, fabrication process, clay) ; various scenes inspired by the mythology and every-day life are illustrated on the discs. Fourteen names of potters have been identified on the preserved bases. More than a century after a short publication by Perdrizet and forty years after the fundamental articles on Corinthian lamps by Bruneau, the presentation of this corpus under a new point of view gives us the opportunity for a renewed discussion on the form, the workshops and the towns where this type was produced ; it also allows a reinterpretation of the decoration of several of these lamps.
Notes sur quatre édifices d’époque classique à Delphes
Authors: Jacquemin Anne , Laroche Didier
Published: November 2019

Nous revenons sur la restitution de quatre trésors de Delphes bien connus. La barrière de cippes qui ferme à l’est la terrasse orientale du trésor des Athéniens invite à s’interroger sur la fonction de cet enclos. De nouvelles données permettent de proposer des hypothèses de restitution du plan de la lesché des Cnidiens et de son élévation tenant compte des nécessités liées à la présence de peintures, mais aussi de réinterpréter le mur de soutènement au sud. Le réexamen du trésor des Thébains conduit à changer son orientation et à interpréter la fenêtre de la publication comme une ouverture destinée à la ventilation du prodomos. Le trésor des Cyrénéens est doté d’une nouvelle porte, plus conforme aux usages de l’architecture grecque classique. Les circonstances de sa consécration sont revues dans le cadre de la nouvelle datation imposée par sa nouvelle situation sur la fondation SD 302.
Les modalités du change des monnaies à Délos d’après les comptes des hiéropes
Authors: Chankowski-Sablé Véronique
Published: November 2019

Les comptes du sanctuaire d’Apollon délien permettent d’éclairer le traitement des différentes espèces monétaires en circulation dans cette partie de l’Égée au cours de la période hellénistique. Les conversions monétaires qui apparaissent dans la comptabilité sont établies sur la base de la valeur pondérale des étalons et mettent en doute l’idée d’un cours forcé qui aurait été imposé à la monnaie locale. Elles témoignent au contraire de possibles réévaluations des parités en fonction des évolutions monétaires égéennes, comme le montre également la comptabilité du sanctuaire de Delphes. Il ne faut donc pas chercher de taux de change au sens commercial dans ces comptes. Le rôle des banquiers est décisif dans ces opérations et conduit à réinterpréter l’action de Timôn dans le change monétaire sans kollybos, mentionné dans IG XII 5, 817.
De Strasbourg à Bâle et Zurich : une « école rhénane » d’exégèse (ca 1525-ca 1540)
Authors: Roussel Bernard
Published: November 2019

Bernard Roussel : From Strasbourg to Basle and Zurich : a «Rhenish school» of exegesis (c. 1525-c. 1540).

There is no lack of monographs on S. Münster, J. Oecolampade, H. Zwingli, M. Bucer... With reference to R.G. Hobbs and J. Friedman, we view the works of the Bible scholars of Strasbourg, Basle and Zurich (1525-1545) as the manifestation of a «Rhenish school of exegesis». We pick out the characteristic features of this «exegetical conjuncture » which flourished in the same period as the Wittenberg school, the editing of the commentaries of Denys the Carthusian, Thomas de Vio, Pagnini, as well as being that of John Calvin’s training. An attempt is made to assess its impact on the history of the Bible in the sixteenth century.
Les relations extérieures de la Faculté de Théologie de Strasbourg de 1570 à 1658, d’après les correspondances passives de Jean Pappus et deJean Schmidt
Authors: Rott Jean
Published: November 2019

Jean Rott : External relations of the Strasbourg Theology Faculty from 1570 to 1658, according to the correspondence received by John Pappus and John Schmidt.

The correspondence received by J. Pappus (✝ 1610) and J. Schmidt (✝ 1658) is proof of the extent of the relations that the Faculty enjoyed between 1570 and 1648 with Lutheran Germany and further afield. It reveals a climate of struggle with the Counter-Reformation, with Calvinism, and with its own internal theological controversies. It also echoes the havoc caused by the Thirty Years’ War, from which Strasbourg was the only Lutheran Faculty to be spared.
Les hésitations de Colani dans la Revue de Strasbourg entre 1850 et 1855
Authors: Encrevé André
Published: November 2019

André Encrevé : Colani’s wavering in the Revue de Strasbourg between 1850 and 1855.

As founder of the Revue de Strasbourg, Timothy Colani often wrote for it between 1850 and 1855. At the outset we find him in search of a new approach to apologetics, but he is hesitant as to the method to be applied to this end. In his articles for the Revue he goes over from New Testament exegesis to dogmatics, later bringing Christology to the forefront. He does not, however, succeed in finding a really satisfactory method. Increasingly distrustful towards metaphysics, he practically abandons this line of research after 1855 and devotes his attention to ethics.