bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of visfatin alleviates sepsis-induced intestinal damage by inhibiting Hippo signaling pathway
Authors: Kuang Zhong-Shen , Leng Yu-Xin , Yang Ning , Li Zheng-Qian , Zong Ya-Nan , Han Deng-Yang , Li Yue , He Jin-Dan , Mi Xing-Ning , Cong Zhu-Kai , Zhu Xi , Wu Chang-Yi , Guo Xiang-Yang
Published: June 2022

Background

The aim of this study is to investigate role of Visfatin, one of the pro-inflammatory adipokines, in sepsis-induced intestinal injury and to clarify the potential mechanism.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery to establish sepsis model in vivo. Intestinal epithelial cells were stimulated with LPS to mimic sepsis-induced intestinal injury in vitro. FK866 (the inhibitor of Visfatin) with or without XMU-MP-1 (the inhibitor of Hippo signaling) was applied for treatment. The expression levels of Visfatin, NF-κB and Hippo signaling pathways-related proteins were detected by western blot or immunohistochemistry. The intestinal cell apoptosis and intestinal injury were investigated by TUNEL staining and H&E staining, respectively. ELISA was used to determine the production of inflammatory cytokines.

Results

The expression of Visfatin increased in CLP mice. FK866 reduced intestinal pathological injury, inflammatory cytokines production, and intestinal cell apoptosis in sepsis mice. Meanwhile, FK866 affected NF-κB and Hippo signaling pathways. Additionally, the effects of FK866 on inflammatory response, apoptosis, Hippo signaling and NF-κB signaling were partly abolished by XMU-MP-1, the inhibitor of Hippo signaling. In vitro experiments also revealed that FK866 exhibited a protective role against LPS-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis in intestinal cells, as well as regulating NF-κB and Hippo signaling, whereas addition of XMU-MP-1 weakened the protective effects of FK866.

Conclusion

In short, this study demonstrated that inhibition of Visfatin might alleviate sepsis-induced intestinal injury through Hippo signaling pathway, supporting a further research on Visfatin as a therapeutic target.
The role of mental disorders in precision medicine for diabetes: a narrative review
Authors: Kremers Sanne H. M. , Wild Sarah H. , Elders Petra J. M. , Beulens Joline W. J. , Campbell David J. T. , Pouwer Frans , Lindekilde Nanna , de Wit Maartje , Lloyd Cathy , Rutters Femke
Published: June 2022

This narrative review aims to examine the value of addressing mental disorders as part of the care of people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in terms of four components of precision medicine. First, we review the empirical literature on the role of common mental disorders in the development and outcomes of diabetes (precision prevention and prognostics). We then review interventions that can address mental disorders in individuals with diabetes or at risk of diabetes (precision treatment) and highlight recent studies that have used novel methods to individualise interventions, in person and through applications, based on mental disorders. Additionally, we discuss the use of detailed assessment of mental disorders using, for example, mobile health technologies (precision monitoring). Finally, we discuss future directions in research and practice and challenges to addressing mental disorders as a factor in precision medicine for diabetes. This review shows that several mental disorders are associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and its complications, while there is suggestive evidence indicating that treating some mental disorders could contribute to the prevention of diabetes and improve diabetes outcomes. Using technologically enabled solutions to identify mental disorders could help individuals who stand to benefit from particular treatments. However, there are considerable gaps in knowledge and several challenges to be met before we can stratify treatment recommendations based on mental disorders. Overall, this review demonstrates that addressing mental disorders as a facet of precision medicine could have considerable value for routine diabetes care and has the potential to improve diabetes outcomes.

Graphical abstract
Occasional sexual reproduction significantly affects the population structure of the widespread, predominantly asexually reproducing marine worm Lineus sanguineus (Nemertea: Pilidiophora)
Authors: Sagorny Christina , von Döhren Jörn
Published: June 2022

Asexual reproduction by fissiparity has only been described from very few of the approximately 1300 nemertean species that otherwise mainly reproduce sexually. The best studied fissiparous species,Lineus sanguineus(Rathke 1799), is a cosmopolitan heteronemertean species inhabiting intertidal habitats of temperate coasts. Although sexual reproduction has never been described, molecular data suggest that sexual reproduction substantially shapes the genetic structure of the investigated populations. In an attempt to clarify the extent of sexual reproduction, three gene fragments (COI, 16S, ITS) were sequenced for 108 specimens sampled in 8 European localities. The results of a phylogenetic analysis and haplotype network showed no clear distinction between different populations, thus indicating the presence of sexual reproduction. Furthermore, we provide circumstantial evidence for the presence of a comparably long-lived planktonic larval stage as present in the closest relatives ofL. sanguineus. To further understand the impact of abiotic factors on sexual reproduction and fissiparity, the effect of different temperature and illumination regimes on reproductive behavior and fragmentation was studied in specimens from a population from Bergen, Norway that share the same haplotype. Experimental setups represented summer (long light period and elevated temperature) and winter (short light and decreased temperature) conditions. Under winter conditions, a higher number of animals remained sexually mature and at least one specimen shed eggs on one occasion. Thus, although short light and/or low temperatures are most likely the influential factors on sexual maturity, the factors that influence fissiparity are less clear. The results of this study further solidify the cosmopolitan status ofL. sanguineusand clarify the population structuring of this species. In addition, the study provides first data on the dynamics of sexual and asexual reproduction modes on which future investigations will have to expand, especially regarding genetic and physiological aspects.
An overview of surgical techniques and non-surgical treatments in lifting the eyebrow including current treatments available
Authors: de Jongh Frank W. , Sanches Elijah E. , Pouwels Sjaak , Kooiman Laurens B. R. , Wehrens Kim M. E. , van Heerbeek Niels , Monstrey Stan J. , Tan Liang T. , Ingels Koen J. A. O.
Published: June 2022

The eyebrow is a complex structure of the human face, which has both functional (communication) and aesthetic aspects and contributes to a persons’ individual appearance. Ptosis of the eyebrow is a common condition, especially among the elderly and smokers. Facial appearance is disrupted by eyebrow ptosis, and in many cases, correction and treatment are needed. No specific type of browlift has been shown to be superior to another, and since there is a wide variation in treatment preference between patients, it requires an individual approach to each specific patient. This review provides an overview of the history of the browlift, non-surgical treatment and current surgical techniques available.

Level of evidence: Not ratable.
European Society of Paediatric Radiology Artificial Intelligence taskforce: a new taskforce for the digital age
Authors: Laborie Lene Bjerke , Naidoo Jaishree , Pace Erika , Ciet Pierluigi , Eade Christine , Wagner Matthias W. , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. , Shelmerdine Susan C.
Published: June 2022

A new task force dedicated to artificial intelligence (AI) with respect to paediatric radiology was created in 2021 at the International Paediatric Radiology (IPR) meeting in Rome, Italy (a joint society meeting by the European Society of Pediatric Radiology [ESPR] and the Society for Pediatric Radiology [SPR]). The concept of a separate task force dedicated to AI was borne from an ESPR-led international survey of health care professionals’ opinions, expectations and concerns regarding AI integration within children’s imaging departments. In this survey, the majority (> 80%) of ESPR respondents supported the creation of a task force and helped define our key objectives. These include providing educational content about AI relevant for paediatric radiologists, brainstorming ideas for future projects and collaborating on AI-related studies with respect to collating data sets, de-identifying images and engaging in multi-case, multi-reader studies. This manuscript outlines the starting point of the ESPR AI task force and where we wish to go.
Appearance or attitude: what matters to craniosynostosis patients? Association of self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and facial aesthetics in patients with sagittal and metopic synostosis
Authors: Svalina Anja , Heikura Emma , Savolainen Tuula , Serlo Willy , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko , Silvola Anna-Sofia , Salokorpi Niina
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of depressive symptoms and self-esteem, and their association with facial asymmetry in adults who were operated on in early childhood due to metopic and sagittal craniosynostosis.

Methods

The study population consisted of 49 non-syndromic patients of whom 41 had premature fusion of the sagittal and 8 of metopic suture. There were 64 controls from the Finnish National Register. Self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and subjective satisfaction with one’s appearance were evaluated by using the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire (RSE), the short form of Beck Depression Inventory (R-BDI), and a purpose-designed questionnaire on satisfaction with facial and overall appearance. Aesthetic evaluation was done from standard photographs using panels. The facial symmetry was calculated by using 3D photogrammetric methods.

Results

Patients did not have a lower self-esteem or experience significantly more moderate or severe depressive symptoms. However, 20% of the patients and 6% of the controls (p = 0.041) experienced mild depressive symptoms. There was no difference between self-assessed evaluation of appearance between the groups. Only weak correlation was found between facial asymmetry and RSE or R-BDI results (cc = 0.27–0.42, p < 0.05). The self-assessed evaluation of facial and overall appearance correlated strongly with the R-BDI results.

Conclusion

Non-syndromic craniosynostosis patients are as satisfied with their appearance in adulthood as the control group and do not experience a lower self-esteem or more depressive symptoms. Facial asymmetry does not correlate with low self-esteem or clinically significant depressive symptoms in adulthood. Subjective evaluation of one’s appearance correlated with depressive symptoms. Age and gender do not influence the former results. Overall, patients are satisfied with their appearance.
Healthcare consumption among subjects with otitis media undergoing middle ear surgery—analysis of cost drivers
Authors: Lewis Aaran T. , Backous Douglas , Choi Byung Yoon , Jaramillo Rafael , Kong Kelvin , Lenarz Thomas , Ray Jaydip , Thakar Alok , Järbrink Krister , Hol Myrthe K. S.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To map healthcare utilized by subjects with chronic otitis media, with or without cholesteatoma and perform a cost analysis to determine key drivers of healthcare expenditure.

Methods

A registry study of 656 adult subjects with chronic otitis media that underwent a middle ear surgery between 2014 and 2018. Healthcare contacts related to all publicly funded specialist ENT care, audiological care and primary care for a disease of the ear and mastoid process were extracted. The data are extracted from the Swedish National Patient Registry on subjects that reside in western Sweden.

Results

Subjects made 13,782 healthcare contacts at a total cost 61.1 million SEK (6.0 million EUR) between 2014 and 2018. The mean cost per subject was 93,075 SEK (9071 EUR) and ranged between 3971 SEK (387 EUR) and 468,711 SEK (45,683 EUR) per individual. In the most expensive quartile of subjects, mean cost was 192,353 SEK (18,747 EUR) over the 5-year period. These subjects made 3227 ENT contacts (roughly four each year) and 60% of total costs were associated with in-patient ENT care.

Conclusion

Patients with chronic otitis media are associated with high ENT resource utilization that does not diminish after surgical intervention and the disease places a long-term burden on healthcare systems. Significant costs are attributed to revision surgeries, indicating that these patients could be managed more effectively. In many such cases, reoperation cannot be avoided, especially due to recurrence of cholesteatoma. However, in some patients, when the indication for subsequent surgery is only hearing improvement, alternative options, such as hearing aids or implants, should also be considered. This is especially true in difficult cases, where revision ossiculoplasty is likely.
Management of patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy treated with intravenous corticosteroids and/or orbital decompression surgery
Authors: Rezar-Dreindl Sandra , Papp Andrea , Baumann Arnulf , Neumayer Thomas , Eibenberger Katharina , Stifter Eva , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To assess the characteristics and long-term outcomes of adult patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) who underwent orbital decompression surgery and/or received intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of 98 eyes of 49 patients who were diagnosed and treated with bilateral DON between 2007 and 2018 at the Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Medical University of Vienna.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 4.1 ± 2.7 years. The most common presenting symptoms were eyelid and periorbital swelling (45%) representing active inflammation. Upgaze restriction was the most common clinical finding (73%). At time of diagnosis, the mean clinical activity score was 4 ± 1/4 ± 1 (right/left eye, respectively). Sixty-three percent (31/49) of the patients were treated both with IV methylprednisolone and underwent orbital decompression surgery, 22% (11/49) were treated with IV methylprednisolone alone and 14% (7/49) underwent surgical decompression only. Seventy-one percent (30/42) of the patients underwent 3-wall decompression. The mean reduction of proptosis in patients treated with both IV methylprednisolone and orbital decompression surgery was 4/5 mm. Mean of reduction in proptosis in patients receiving IV methylprednisolone only was 1/0 mm and in patients with surgical decompression only was 5/5 mm. Mean VA was 0.1 ± 0.5/0.1 ± 0.5 logMAR at baseline and 0.05 ± 0.7/0.05 ± 0.7 at final follow-up. In 92% (45/49), VA was preserved or improved at final follow-up.

Conclusions

The majority of patients with DON were treated both with IV corticosteroids and 3-wall decompression surgery. Vision could be successfully preserved in most cases and reduction of proptosis was achieved, especially after orbital decompression surgery.
Local full-thickness excision for sessile adenoma and cT1-2 rectal cancer: long-term oncological outcome
Authors: Gascon Maria A. , Aguilella Vicente , Martinez Tomas , Antinolfi Luigi , Valencia Javier , Ramírez Jose M.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

We analyzed all patients who underwent local transanal surgery at our institution to determine oncological outcomes and perioperative risk.

Methods

In 1997, we developed a prospective protocol for rectal tumors: transanal local full-thickness excision was considered curative in patients with benign adenoma and early cancers. In this analysis, 404 patients were included. To analyze survival, only those patients exposed to the risk of dying for at least 5 years were considered for the study.

Results

The final pathological analysis revealed that 262 (64.8%) patients had benign lesions, whereas 142 had malignant lesions. Postoperative complications were recorded in 12.6%. At the median time of 21 months, 14% of the adenomas and 12% of cancers had recurred, half of which were surgically resected. The overall 5-year survival rate was 94%.

Conclusion

With similar outcomes and significantly lower morbidity, we found local surgery to be an adequate alternative to radical surgery in selected cases of early rectal cancer.
Role of glucocorticoid receptor mutations in hypertension and adrenal gland hyperplasia
Authors: Verouti Sophia , Hummler Edith , Vanderriele Paul-Emmanuel
Published: June 2022

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of premature death in humans and exhibits a complex aetiology including environmental and genetic factors. Mutations within the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) can cause glucocorticoid resistance, which is characterized by several clinical features like hypercortisolism, hypokalaemia, adrenal hyperplasia and hypertension. Altered glucocorticoid receptor signalling further affects sodium and potassium homeostasis as well as blood pressure regulation and cell proliferation and differentiation that influence organ development and function. In salt-sensitive hypertension, excessive renal salt transport and sympathetic nervous system stimulation may occur simultaneously, and, thus, both the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the GR-signalling may be implicated or even act interdependently. This review focuses on identified GR mutations in human primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance (PGGR) patients and their related clinical phenotype with specific emphasis on adrenal gland hyperplasia and hypertension. We compare these findings to mouse and rat mutants harbouring genetically engineered mutations to further dissect the cause and/or the consequence of clinical features which are common or different.
Comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) writers, erasers, and readers in endometrial cancer
Authors: Ralser Damian J. , Condic Mateja , Klümper Niklas , Ellinger Jörg , Staerk Christian , Egger Eva K. , Kristiansen Glen , Mustea Alexander , Thiesler Thore
Published: June 2022

Purpose

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most frequent type of messenger RNA (mRNA) modification and is implicated in diverse physiological processes. The procedure of m6A RNA modification is regulated by a dynamic interaction of writers (METTL3, METTL4, METTL14, WTAP, KIAA1429), erasers (FTO, ALKBH5), and readers (HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPC, YTHDC1, YTHDC1, YTHDF1-3). In the oncological context, alterations in m6A were identified to be critically involved in tumorigenesis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and drug resistance across diverse cancer entities including endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods

In this study, we comprehensively examined the protein expression of m6A writers, readers and erasers by immunohistochemical staining in a cohort of N = 65 EC patients. Protein expression data were analyzed with regard to clinical outcomes.

Results

We identified enhanced protein expression levels of METTL3, METTL14, FTO, HNRNPA2B1, and HNRNPC, respectively to be of prognostic value and linked to a shortened overall survival in EC.

Conclusion

Overall, our study points toward dysregulated m6A modification in EC and its possibility to serve as a promising prognostic biomarker.
Facility Reallocation on the Line
Authors: de Keijzer Bart , Wojtczak Dominik
Published: June 2022

We consider a multi-stage facility reallocation problems on the real line, where a facility is being moved between time stages based on the locations reported by n agents. The aim of the reallocation algorithm is to minimise the social cost, i.e., the sum over the total distance between the facility and all agents at all stages, plus the cost incurred for moving the facility. We study this problem both in the offline setting and online setting. In the offline case the algorithm has full knowledge of the agent locations in all future stages, and in the online setting the algorithm does not know these future locations and must decide the location of the facility on a stage-per-stage basis. We derive the optimal algorithm in both cases. For the online setting we show that its competitive ratio is $$(n+2)/(n+1)$$

(
n
+
2
)
/
(
n
+
1
)

. As neither of these algorithms turns out to yield a strategy-proof mechanism, we propose another strategy-proof mechanism which has a competitive ratio of $$(n+3)/(n+1)$$

(
n
+
3
)
/
(
n
+
1
)

for odd n and $$(n+4)/n$$

(
n
+
4
)
/
n

for even n, which we conjecture to be the best possible. We also consider a generalisation with multiple facilities and weighted agents, for which we show that the optimum can be computed in polynomial time for a fixed number of facilities.
Finding My Way from clinical trial to open access dissemination: comparison of uptake, adherence, and psychosocial outcomes of an online program for cancer-related distress
Authors: Beatty Lisa , Kemp Emma , Koczwara Bogda
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Few digital psycho-oncology programs have been adopted into routine practice; how these programs are used after trial completion remains unexplored. To address this, the present study transitioned our evidence-based 6-module CBT-based program, Finding My Way, into open access (OA) after completion of the RCT, and compared uptake, usage, and psychosocial outcomes to the earlier RCT.

Methods

Recruitment was passive, via promotion through (1) media and social media releases, (2) public lectures, (3) radio interviews and podcasts, and (4) clinician-initiated referral. Measures included number of enrolled users, number of modules completed, and pre- and optional post-measures of distress and quality of life (QOL).

Results

Uptake was lower in OA (n = 120; 63% of RCT). Usage was markedly lower: 1.5 modules were completed on average (vs 3.7 in RCT), and only 13% completed a ‘therapeutic dose’ of 4 + modules (vs. 50% in RCT). Research attrition was high; n = 13 completed post-measures. OA users were more sociodemographically and clinically diverse than RCT users, had higher baseline distress (OA Mpre = 36.7, SD = 26.5; RCT Mpre = 26.5, SD = 21.7), and reported larger pre-post reductions than their RCT counterparts (OA Mpost = 23.9, SD = 20.7; RCT Mpost = 21.2, SD = 21.2). Moderate improvements in mental QOL occurred during OA (Mpre = 37.3, SD = 12.6; Mpost = 44.5, SD = 12.1), broadly replicating RCT findings.

Conclusion

Findings that OA users were more medically and sociodemographically diverse and distressed at baseline than their RCT counterparts, and — despite having lower usage of the program — achieved larger changes from baseline to post-program, will help to shape future intervention design, tailoring, and dissemination.
On $$W^{2,p}$$-estimates for solutions of obstacle problems for fully nonlinear elliptic equations with oblique boundary conditions
Authors: Byun Sun-Sig , Han Jeongmin , Oh Jehan
Published: June 2022

This paper concerns fully nonlinear elliptic obstacle problems with oblique boundary conditions. We investigate the existence, uniqueness and $$W^{2,p}$$

W

2
,
p

-regularity results by finding approximate non-obstacle problems with the same oblique boundary condition and then making a suitable limiting process.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Load-Bearing Mechanisms of Piles Socketed in Soft Rocks
Authors: Murali Arun Kumar , Tran Khoa M. , Haque Asadul , Bui Ha H.
Published: June 2022

Rock-socket pile design predominantly depends on the shaft resistance to support the load at the serviceability state. However, due to limited understanding of the pile–rock interactions, the pile capacity is normally calculated using empirical correlations. In this study, the load-bearing mechanisms of rock-socketed piles were investigated through a miniaturised pile–load test setup in a soft synthetic rock. X-ray CT imaging and numerical discrete element modelling were used to investigate the micro-mechanics influencing the load-bearing mechanisms at the pile–rock interface. The numerical pile model was established based on suitable constitutive models capable of simulating the soft rock behaviour. The analysis of X-ray CT images at various displacements revealed three different interface mechanisms, namely sliding, local shearing and progressive shearing. The numerical model validated this observed micro-mechanics in the rock asperities through the evolution of damage and micro-cracks. Insights from the experimental and numerical results indicated that the height of the rock asperities significantly dictates the failure mode. Results also illustrated that the shaft load–displacement response primarily depends on the forces acting on the leading edges of the pile asperity. In particular, it was observed that the bottom leading edge carried a predominant portion of the shaft loads due to its connectivity with the rock at the base of the pile. Though negligible, the forces on the trailing edges provided valuable information on the contribution of residual shaft resistance by the debris at the interface. Moreover, the numerical studies revealed the different failure modes at the pile–rock interface. The discussions presented in this study provide novel insights into the load-bearing mechanisms of piles socketed in soft rocks, which will help to improve design guidelines in the future.
VAMPIRE: vectorized automated ML pre-processing and post-processing framework for edge applications
Authors: Daher Ali W. , Ferrari Enrico , Muselli Marco , Chible Hussein , Caviglia Daniele D.
Published: June 2022

Machine learning techniques aim to mimic the human ability to automatically learn how to perform tasks through training examples. They have proven capable of tasks such as prediction, learning and adaptation based on experience and can be used in virtually any scientific application, ranging from biomedical, robotic, to business decision applications, and others. However, the lack of domain knowledge for a particular application can make feature extraction ineffective or even unattainable. Furthermore, even in the presence of pre-processed datasets, the iterative process of optimizing Machine Learning parameters, which do not translate from one domain to another, maybe difficult for inexperienced practitioners. To address these issues, we present in this paper a Vectorized Automated ML Pre-processIng and post-pRocEssing framework, approximately named (VAMPIRE), which implements feature extraction algorithms capable of converting large time-series recordings into datasets. Also, it introduces a new concept, the Activation Engine, which is attached to the output of a Multi Layer Perceptron and extracts the optimal threshold to apply binary classification. Moreover, a tree-based algorithm is used to achieve multi-class classification using the Activation Engine. Furthermore, the internet of things gives rise to new applications such as remote sensing and communications, so consequently applying Machine Learning to improve operation accuracy, latency, and reliability is beneficial in such systems. Therefore, all classifications in this paper were performed on the edge in order to reach high accuracy with limited resources. Moreover, forecasts were applied on three unrelated biomedical datasets, and on two other pre-processed urban and activity detection datasets. Features were extracted when required, and training and testing were performed on the Raspberry Pi remotely, where high accuracy and inference speed were achieved in every experiment. Additionally, the board remained competitive in terms of power consumption when compared with a laptop which was optimized using a Graphical Processing Unit.
Efficacy of Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) in late adolescents and adults with the Dutch Maxillary Expansion Device: a prospective clinical cohort study
Authors: Kapetanović Aldin , Odrosslij Bieke M. M. J. , Baan Frank , Bergé Stefaan J. , Noverraz René R. M. , Schols Jan G. J. H. , Xi Tong
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To provide a higher degree of evidence on the efficacy of Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) in late adolescents and adults, thereby applying the Dutch Maxillary Expansion Device (D-MED).

Materials and methods

D-MED was developed as an individualized, 3D-designed, and fabricated MARPE appliance supported by 4 palatal miniscrews. Patients from the age of 16 onwards with transverse maxillary deficiency were enrolled consecutively. Pre-expansion and immediate post-expansion CBCTs and intra-oral scans were acquired and measurements of skeletal, alveolar, and dental expansion as well as dental and periodontal side-effects were performed.

Results

Thirty-four patients were enrolled (8 men, 26 women) with mean age 27.0 ± 9.4 years. A success rate of 94.1% was achieved (32/34 patients). The mean expansion duration, or mean observation time, was 31.7 ± 8.0 days. The mean expansion at the maxillary first molars (M1) and first premolars (P1) was 6.56 ± 1.70 mm and 4.19 ± 1.29 mm, respectively. The expansion was 60.4 ± 20.1% skeletal, 8.1 ± 27.6% alveolar, and 31.6 ± 20.1% dental at M1 and 92.2 ± 14.5% skeletal, 0.0 ± 18.6% alveolar, and 7.8 ± 17.7% dental at P1, which was both statistically (p < 0.001) and clinically significant. Buccal dental tipping (3.88 ± 3.92° M1; 2.29 ± 3.89° P1), clinical crown height increase (0.12 ± 0.31 mm M1; 0.04 ± 0.22 mm P1), and buccal bone thinning (− 0.31 ± 0.49 mm M1; − 0.01 ± 0.45 mm P1) were observed, while root resorption could not be evaluated.

Conclusions

MARPE by application of D-MED manifested its efficacy in a prospective clinical setting, delivering a high amount of skeletal expansion with limited side-effects in late adolescents and adults.

Clinical relevance

Higher quality evidence is supportive of MARPE as a safe and successful non-surgical treatment option for transverse maxillary deficiency.
Introduction of Octadecyl-Bonded Porous Particles in 3D-Printed Transparent Housings with Multiple Outlets
Authors: Roca Liana S. , Adamopoulou Theodora , Nawada Suhas H. , Schoenmakers Peter J.
Published: June 2022

Microfluidic devices for comprehensive three-dimensional spatial liquid chromatography will ultimately require a body of stationary phase with multiple in- and outlets. In the present work, 3D printing with a transparent polymer resin was used to create a simplified device that can be seen as a unit cell for an eventual three-dimensional separation system. Complete packing of the device with 5-μm C18 particles was achieved, with reasonable permeability. The packing process could be elegantly monitored from the pressure profile, which implies that optical transparency may not be required for future devices. The effluent flow was different for each of the four outlets of the device, but all flows were highly repeatable, suggesting that correction for flow-rate variations is possible. The investigation into flow patterns through the device was supported by computational-fluid-dynamics simulations. A proof-of-principle separation of four standard peptides is described, with mass-spectrometric detection for each of the four channels separately.
Agile software development one year into the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ågren Pernilla , Knoph Eli , Berntsson Svensson Richard
Published: June 2022

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many agile practitioners had to transition into a remote work environment. Despite remote work not being a new concept for agile software practitioners, the forced or recommended nature of remote work is new. This study investigates how the involuntary shift to remote work and how social restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic have affected agile software development (ASD), and how agile practitioners have been affected in terms of ways of working. An explanatory sequential mixed methods study was performed. Data were collected one year into the COVID-19 pandemic through a questionnaire with 96 respondents and in-depth semi-structured interviews with seven practitioners from seven different companies. Data were analyzed through Bayesian analysis and thematic analysis. The results show, in general, that the aspects of ASD that have been the most affected is communication and social interactions, while technical work aspects have not experienced the same changes. Moreover, feeling forced to work remotely has a significant impact on different aspects of ASD, e.g., productivity and communication, and industry practitioners’ employment of agile development and ways of working have primarily been affected by the lack of social interaction and the shift to digital communication. The results also suggest that there may be a group maturing debt when teams do go back into office, as digital communication and the lack of psychological safety stand in the way for practitioners’ ability to have sensitive discussions and progress as a team in a remote setting.
The Biota orientalis, oil extract Epiitalis®, is efficacious at reducing the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis: a pilot, multi-site, dose-ranging, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Mitchell Peter G. , Bright Corina A. , Bright Daniel R. , Srivastava Shalini N. , Raote Sonal S. , Kumar Santosh
Published: June 2022

Objective

To explore the safety, and efficacy of a proprietary hydrolyzed oil extract from seeds of Biota orientalis (hBO/Epiitalis®, Interpath Pty Ltd) in patients with knee pain due to osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Patients aged 40–65 with X-ray diagnosed knee OA and knee pain ≥ 60 on a 100-point VAS (visual analog scale) were enrolled and randomized into four groups to receive daily hBO for 56 days as high (hBO-HD, 640 mg), mid (hBO-MD, 320 mg) or low (hBO-LD, 160 mg) doses, or a matched placebo oil. The primary outcome was change in VAS knee pain from baseline to 56 days in the mITT (modified intention to treat) population. Exploratory outcomes were the mWOMAC (modified Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index), and the SF-36 QoL (quality of life) questionnaire. The OMERACT-OARSI (Outcome Measures in Arthritis Clinical Trials–Osteoarthritis Research Society International) responder index was also calculated.

Results

223 patients were included in the mITT population. Reductions in VAS scores between baseline and day 56 [Least square mean (LS mean) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of LS mean] were 36.4 (31.7–41.0), 37.9 (33.2–42.7), 35.7 (31.2–40.1) and 9.8 (14.5–15.2) for the hBO-HD, hBO-MD, hBO-LD, and placebo groups respectively. The VAS changes in all hBO groups were significantly different (p < 0.0001) vs. changes in the placebo group. hBO treatment led to similar quantitative beneficial changes in mWOMAC, SF-36 and OMERACT-OARSI responder index. There were no SAEs and no adverse events ascribed to the intervention.

Conclusion

In a 56-day trial, hBO was safe, and was efficacious at reducing symptoms in patients with knee OA. Registration: NCT04117490; Oct 7, 2019.
An insight into polyscopoletin electrosynthesis by a quality-by-design approach
Authors: Goldoni Riccardo , Thomaz Douglas Vieira , Di Giulio Tiziano , Malitesta Cosimino , Mazzotta Elisabetta
Published: June 2022

Scopoletin (SP) as a functional monomer for electropolymerization has recently been investigated in the context of molecularly imprinted polymers for biosensing applications. Herein we describe an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms involved in the electropolymerization of SP toward the optimization of the experimental conditions for applications in sensor studies. PolySP films have been in situ synthesized on a standard glassy carbon electrodes by varying three independent experimental parameters, and the output of the analysis has been evaluated in terms of the resulting electroactive area and surface coverage. A quality-by-design approach including design-of-experiments principles and response surface methodology produced unbiased observations on the most relevant parameters to be controlled during the electropolymerization of SP. By combining the output of electroactive area and surface overage, we highlighted a strong dependence on the monomer concentration and scan rate. Thus, an appropriate selection of these two parameters should be sought to have an optimal electropolymerization process, leading to uniform films and homogeneous surface behavior. This study shows that the application of multi-factorial analysis in a comprehensive design of experiments allows the systematic study of polymer electrosynthesis. Therefore, this research is expected to guide further efforts in the electropolymerization of several functional monomers.
The mediating role of scientifical-medical satisfaction between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and vaccine confidence: a two-waves structural equation model
Authors: Mignemi Giuseppe , Panzeri Anna , Granziol Umberto , Bruno Giovanni , Bertamini Marco , Vidotto Giulio , Spoto Andrea
Published: June 2022

Vaccine confidence has emerged as one of the most relevant psychological factors implied in the worldwide affecting the fight against COVID-19—as well as public trust in doctors, medicine, and science. Indeed, the vaccine confidence is crucial to maximize the trust in vaccines and their use for prevention, with several implications for public health. This study aimed to analyse the relationships among between vaccine confidence, conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19, and satisfaction with science and medicine in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal observational survey was administered to a convenience sample (n = 544; mean age 52.76 y.o., SD = 15.11; females 46.69%) from the Italian general population. A two-waves mediation model—a structural equation model technique—was used. The survey was part of a larger international project (https://osf.io/qy65b/). The model highlighted that the conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 had a negative effect on the satisfaction with medicine and science (β = − 0.13, se = 0.03, p < .001). The latter, in turn, had a positive effect on vaccine confidence (β = 0.10, se = .05, p < .001). Interestingly, the effect of conspiracy beliefs on vaccine confidence was completely mediated by the scientifical-medical satisfaction (β = − 0.02, se = 0.01, p < .05). These results highlight how the scientifical-medical satisfaction can fully mediate the relationship between conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 and vaccine confidence. These findings about vaccine hesitancy and confidence and disclose have implications for psychological and social interventions that could promote vaccine confidence by targeting the satisfaction with science and medicine.
Microwave photonics analog link based on two integrated D-DPMZM linearized signals and with eliminated odd harmonics and all IMD’s
Authors: Shaqiri Shemsi , Haxha Shyqyri , Flint Ian , Ademgil Huseyin
Published: June 2022

In this paper a novel Microwave Photonics Analog Link (MPAL) system configuration based on two Dual-drive Dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulators (D-DPMZMs) and two Balanced Photo-Detectors (BPDs) is developed and system performance parameters are optimised for Radio over Fibre (RoF) high-speed transmissions. The Intermodulation Distortions (IMDs), as well as the harmonic distortions have been eliminated. The proposed linearization of RF signal configuration is double side banded in both D-DPMZM. A detailed mathematical system modelling is developed for the proposed RoF system configuration, benchmarked against newly generated system simulations, and implemented utilising particular device characteristics derived from experimental work. The proposed Microwave Photonic Link (MPL) system uses fewer RF shifters and is easier to implement in actual applications since all of the system's commercially available off-the-shelf components have already been experimentally demonstrated. The RF linearization for this configuration has been tested by introducing an additional RF signal, as well as phase and intensity errors in MZ branches. The proposed novel linearized MPAL with high spurious free dynamic range would have a great impact on future aerospace, radar, defense and satellite-to-ground downlink communication systems applications.
Understanding the academic achievement of the first- and second-generation immigrant students: a multi-level analysis of PISA 2018 data
Authors: Karakus Mehmet , Courtney Matthew , Aydin Hasan
Published: June 2022

The present study explores the antecedents of first- and second-generation (1G and 2G) immigrant students’ academic performance using PISA 2018 data. The study draws on an international sample of 11,582 students from 534 schools in 20 countries and focuses on PISA schools that catered to a mix of 1G and 2G students. The study explores the role that student attributes, student-perceived peer and parental support, school provisions, and school equity-oriented policies have on immigrant student academic achievement. The analysis involved specifying three separate stepwise multi-level regression models for mathematics, science, and reading achievement. Findings suggested that, at the within-school level, perceived parental support and teacher enthusiasm and the adaption of instruction were associated with improved academic performance, while student experience of bullying was associated with more substantive negative academic outcomes. At the between-school level, the opportunity to participate in creative extracurricular activities was associated with improved academic performance. In contrast, a higher proportion of 1G students and the overall perceived level of bullying of immigrant students were associated with substantively negative academic outcomes between schools. Tests of moderation effects suggested that parental emotional support appeared to be of particular relevance to 1G students’ math and reading outcomes, while enhanced SES status appeared to be specifically relevant to improved science and reading outcomes for 1G students. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Views, experiences and contributory factors related to medication errors associated with direct oral anticoagulants: a qualitative study with physicians and nurses
Authors: Al Rowily Abdulrhman , Aloudah Nouf , Jalal Zahraa , Abutaleb Mohammed H. , Paudyal Vibhu
Published: June 2022

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have become preferable for the management of thromboembolic events. Recent publications have however identified high volume of medication errors related to DOACs. There is limited literature on why and how such errors occur or happen in clinical practice.

Aim

This study aimed to explore views, experiences, contributory factors related to DOACs medication errors from the perspectives of healthcare professionals.

Method

Semi-structured interviews using online videoconferencing were conducted with physicians and nurses from tertiary care hospitals in three different regions in Saudi Arabia. Questions included views, experiences and perceived factors contributing to errors. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and were thematically analyzed using MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020 (VERBI Software).

Results

The semi-structured interviews (n = 34) included physicians (n = 20) and nurses (n = 14) until data saturation was achieved. The analysis identified five themes: Factors related to healthcare professionals (e.g. knowledge, confidence and access to guidelines); Factors related to patients (e.g. comorbidity, polypharmacy, medication review, and communication barriers); Factors related to organization (e.g. guidelines, safety culture and incidents reporting system); Factors related to the DOACs medications (e.g. lack of availability of antidotes and dosing issues); and Strategies for error prevention/mitigation (e.g. the need for professional training and routine medication review).

Conclusion

Healthcare professionals identified errors in relation to DOACs as multifactorial including their own and patient lack of knowledge, lack of clinical guidelines and organizational factors including safety culture. Medication review and reconciliation on discharge were key strategies suggested to reduce DOACs related errors. These strategies support the role of pharmacists as direct patients care providers to minimize DOACs errors.
Harnessing belowground processes for sustainable intensification of agricultural systems
Authors: Oburger Eva , Schmidt Hannes , Staudinger Christiana
Published: June 2022

Increasing food demand coupled with climate change pose a great challenge to agricultural systems. In this review we summarize recent advances in our knowledge of how plants, together with their associated microbiota, shape rhizosphere processes. We address (molecular) mechanisms operating at the plant–microbe-soil interface and aim to link this knowledge with actual and potential avenues for intensifying agricultural systems, while at the same time reducing irrigation water, fertilizer inputs and pesticide use. Combining in-depth knowledge about above and belowground plant traits will not only significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of involved processes but also allow for more informed decisions regarding agricultural practices and plant breeding. Including belowground plant-soil-microbe interactions in our breeding efforts will help to select crops resilient to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses and ultimately enable us to produce sufficient food in a more sustainable agriculture in the upcoming decades.
Evaluating Anthropogenic Origin of Unidentified Volatile Chemicals in the River Rhine
Authors: Ying Yangwei , van Kollenburg Geert , van den Doel André , Brekelmans Sanne , Zhou Hong , Stroomberg Gerard , Jansen Jeroen
Published: June 2022

Surface water of rivers like the Rhine is a highly relevant environmental and an important source of the Dutch drinking water. To improve protection of the environment and drinking water supply, it is important to have a continuous overview of the chemical composition of the river. Such an overview may be obtained with contemporary, untargeted analytical platforms like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Interpretation of such untargeted data is however challenged by the presence of many chemicals of natural origin. We developed a novel approach to screen for anthropogenic chemicals using non-parametric tests on the time trends of yet unidentified chemicals. The approach uses PARAFAC2 to extract unknown components present in GC–MS data and provides an assessment of whether such components may be anthropogenic. This significantly reduces screening efforts required by human laboratory staff. In total, out of twelve suspect unknown components, eleven were classified as anthropogenic, providing compelling evidence that studying unknown components can be highly valuable for regulatory bodies. This approach filters out many naturally occurring compounds, leaving more resources available for wet-lab identification of suspected anthropogenic chemicals.