bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lower Bounds for Sonic Bangs
Authors: Jones L. B.
Published: July 2016

Lower bounds for the intensity of the sonic bang of a slender aircraft configuration with various constraints are given in this note which is a condensed version of Ref. 1. Although these lower bounds cannot be achieved in practice the method of obtaining them demonstrates how low values can be obtained. Special emphasis is given to a possible supersonic transport.
Design Philosophy of Man Powered Aircraft
Authors: Spillman J. J.
Published: July 2016

In 1961 I assisted Mr. G. M. Lilley in writing a survey of the design and performance of man powered aircraft. Our conclusions were that man powered flight is just possible if the aircraft is carefully designed to give excellent aerodynamic characteristics, with a stiff, light structure and flown by a pilot whose power output is comparable with that of a National Amateur Cycling Champion. Such a machine would not fly more than fifteen to twenty feet above the ground and could operate only in still air conditions. The type of aircraft which emerged from the calculations was similar in general principles to those being developed currently at Hatfield and Southampton.

In this lecture I propose to investigate some of the basic relationships which are involved in the hope that possible ways of obtaining further improvements may emerge. Since the conclusion of our survey was that flight was marginally possible, slight improvements might well go a long way towards making man powered flight possible.
Problems of a Man Powered Rotorcraft
Authors: Graves R.
Published: July 2016

We are at the moment at what is probably the most interesting phase of the battle between man and gravity. This battle has been waged since the days of the ancient Greeks when men dreamed of emulating the birds, and using various “stick and string” devices tried without success to fly under their own power.

In the present day we have much more sophisticated machines into which a great deal of careful thought and design work has gone. Much publicity and speculation is at present centred around the Southampton and Hatfield fixed-wing machines which are enjoying a certain amount of initial success. Whether either machine will ultimately be successful remains to be seen and I am sure that all of us are following their progress with interest and wish them all the best in their endeavours. These are not by any means the only two projects being pursued at present, although there is a definite preference for a fixed-wing machine.
Research and Development of Rotating Wing Aircraft
Authors: Stewart W.
Published: July 2016

In the first Cierva Memorial Lecture, Professor Bennett dealt with the life and work of Juan de la Cierva. He was priviledged to know Cierva personally and to work with him. He described in vivid detail the qualities of Cierva as a man and the many aspects of his work which contributed to the successful evolution of rotating-wing aircraft. The lecture was aptly titled “The Era of the Autogiro.” At the time of Cierva's death in 1936, the autogyro had been well established and the helicopter, which was to supersede the autogyro, was only beginning to show promise as a satisfactory flight vehicle. By the time I first became directly associated with rotating-wing aircraft, some eight years later, Cierva had already become one of the legendary figures of aeronautics.
A Relaxation Method for the Solution of Four Boom Single Cell Tubes Under Torsion with Restrained Warping
Authors: Bolland G. B.
Published: July 2016

Although in recent years aircraft structures have tended to become rather complex, it is still possible in many cases to approximate the structure to a single cell tube with four corner booms during the initial design stages. Since extreme accuracy in computation is neither possible nor desirable in the early stages of design, the analysis has been restricted to structures with bulkheads which may be considered to be rigid in their own plane, although the effect of bulkhead flexibility can readily be included if thought to be of importance.

This note is concerned with the solution of the warping constraint problem for such structures without the necessity of solving a large number of linear simultaneous equations. The method is very similar to the Moment Distribution Method for continuous beams.
Characteristics of an Eigensystem Describing the Elastic Stability of a Thin Cantilever Beam
Authors: Saravanos B.
Published: July 2016

The stability of a uniform cantilever beam subjected to an articulated tip load has been analysed as an equilibrium problem of static elastic stability. It was found there that the articulation of the connecting rod applying the tip load introduced additional component forces during the process of beam deformation.
Airlines’ Approach to Aircraft Selection
Authors: Nivet Raymond
Published: July 2016

In any industry, success calls not only for a tool which is well adapted to its purpose, correctly maintained and efficiently used, but also for a tool which is unsurpassed by a better one.

This is also true of air transport. C. R. Smith (President, American Airlines Inc.) noted some time ago that an aircraft ceases to be efficient as soon as another aircraft becomes available that can do its specific job better. This axiom places emphasis on the selection of aircraft as one of the primary elements of success for airlines which, in order to survive economically, must have available the right number of aircraft of the right type at the right moment.

This is the result of two essential characteristics of air transport: intense competition and marginal profits.
Chemical Cultivation and Re-seeding from the Air as Aids to Pasture Improvement
Authors: Calder J. W. , Lawson H. M.
Published: July 2016

Land development through pasture improvement has made great strides in recent years in many parts of the world. This has been made possible by a better understanding of the principles of pasture production following the pioneering work of the late Sir George Stapledon and his school of grassland enthusiasts. Improved strains of pasture plants, the use of lime and fertilisers, the development of mechanical aids and a better understanding of the animal in grazing management have all been involved in the development.
Hausärztliche Probleme rund um Flugreisen
Authors: Stutz Andreas , Ensslin Angela
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung. Mit der Zunahme von Flugreisen steigt auch die Zahl der Passagiere mit einer chronischen oder akuten medizinischen Einschränkung. Für die Beurteilung der Flugreisetauglichkeit muss die aktuelle Erkrankung im Hinblick auf die im Flugzeug herrschenden veränderten atmosphärischen Bedingungen überprüft werden, um eine dadurch bedingte Verschlechterung des Gesundheitszustandes oder gar Notfallsituation zu verhindern. Der Hausarzt als erster Ansprechpartner kann mit dem Patienten allfällige unterstützende Massnahmen definieren und dies mit dem medizinischen Dienst der Fluggesellschaft diskutieren und umsetzen. Nach einer sorgfältigen Prüfung werden die meisten Patienten als flugreisetauglich eingestuft. Zusätzlich sollten im Rahmen der reisemedizinischen Konsultation notwendige Impfungen durchgeführt und über mögliche Infektionskrankheiten aufgeklärt werden.
«70 plus»: eine Herausforderung für Hausarzt und Gastroenterologen
Authors: Schmassmann Adrian
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung. Beim älteren Patienten treten Schluckstörungen, Stuhlinkontinenz, gastrointestinale Malignome und Blutungen sowie Dünn- und Dickdarmischämie deutlich häufiger auf als bei jüngeren Patienten. Diese Erkrankungen haben einen relevanten Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität und die Überlebenszeit und können – bei rechtzeitiger Diagnose – häufig gut therapiert werden. Anamnese und Klinik sind beim Patienten über 70 Jahre häufig unspezifisch, sodass die Indikation zu Laboruntersuchungen, Abdomen Ultraschall, Computertomografie und Endoskopie – speziell auch in der Notfallsituation – grosszügig gestellt werden sollte. Beim älteren Patienten müssen die medikamentösen, endoskopischen und chirurgischen Therapieformen dem biologischen Alter, der Komorbidität, der aktuellen Medikation und den Wünschen der Patienten angepasst werden. Eine optimale Betreuung der älteren gastrointestinalen Patienten stellt eine besondere Herausforderung für den Hausarzt und den Gastroenterologen dar.
Rechnen mit Brüchen und Dezimalzahlen vor dem Beginn einer Berufsausbildung
Authors: Eckstein Berthold
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung. Arbeitgeber erwarten von Bewerberinnen und Bewerbern um einen Ausbildungsplatz eine fundierte schulische Grundbildung. Für die meisten Betriebe gehört das Rechnen mit Brüchen und Dezimalzahlen zu dieser Grundbildung. 102 arbeitslose Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene, die an einem Projekt zur Vorbereitung auf eine berufliche Ausbildung teilnahmen, absolvierten einen informellen Mathematiktest, der u. a. das Rechnen mit Brüchen und Dezimalzahlen verlangte. Anschließend wurden Gespräche mit den jungen Leuten geführt. Es zeigte sich, dass einem großen Teil der Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer grundlegendes Wissen über Brüche und Dezimalzahlen fehlt. Dies gilt auch für Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer mit mittlerem oder höherem Schulabschluss. Die stofflichen Hürden, die mit dem Übergang von den natürlichen Zahlen zu den Bruchzahlen verbunden sind, wurden im Unterricht der Sekundarstufe I offensichtlich nicht hinreichend bearbeitet. Aus diesem Befund ergeben sich Schlussfolgerungen für den Unterricht, für die nachholende Grundbildung im Übergangsbereich Schule – Beruf und für die Lerntherapie.
Juno Spacecraft Nails Its Orbit Around Jupiter
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: July 2016

The mission will spend 20 months collecting data on the planet's core, its magnetic field, and the composition of its atmosphere.
Altered resting-state neural activity and changes following a craving behavioral intervention for Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Zhang Jin-Tao , Yao Yuan-Wei , Potenza Marc N. , Xia Cui-Cui , Lan Jing , Liu Lu , Wang Ling-Jiao , Liu Ben , Ma Shan-Shan , Fang Xiao-Yi
Published: July 2016

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become a serious mental health issue worldwide. Evaluating the benefits of interventions for IGD is of great significance. Thirty-six young adults with IGD and 19 healthy comparison (HC) subjects were recruited and underwent resting-state fMRI scanning. Twenty IGD subjects participated in a group craving behavioral intervention (CBI) and were scanned before and after the intervention. The remaining 16 IGD subjects did not receive an intervention. The results showed that IGD subjects showed decreased amplitude of low fluctuation in the orbital frontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex and exhibited increased resting-state functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, compared with HC subjects. Compared with IGD subjects who did not receive the intervention, those receiving CBI demonstrated significantly reduced resting-state functional connectivity between the: (1) orbital frontal cortex with hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus; and, (2) posterior cingulate cortex with supplementary motor area, precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus. These findings suggest that IGD is associated with abnormal resting-state neural activity in reward-related, default mode and executive control networks. Thus, the CBI may exert effects by reducing interactions between regions within a reward-related network and across the default mode and executive control networks.
Definition of a Skp2-c-Myc Pathway to Expand Human Beta-cells
Authors: Tiwari Shiwani , Roel Chris , Tanwir Mansoor , Wills Rachel , Perianayagam Nidhi , Wang Peng , Fiaschi-Taesch Nathalie M.
Published: July 2016

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and reduced functional β-cell mass. Developmental differences, failure of adaptive expansion and loss of β-cells via β-cell death or de-differentiation have emerged as the possible causes of this reduced β-cell mass. We hypothesized that the proliferative response to mitogens of human β-cells from T2D donors is reduced and that this might contribute to the development and progression of T2D. Here, we demonstrate that the proliferative response of human β-cells from T2D donors in response to cdk6 and cyclin D3 is indeed dramatically impaired. We show that this is accompanied by increased nuclear abundance of the cell cycle inhibitor, p27kip1. Increasing nuclear abundance of p27kip1 by adenoviral delivery decreases the proliferative response of β-cells from non-diabetic donors, mimicking T2D β-cells. However, while both p27kip1 gene silencing and downregulation by Skp2 overexpression increased similarly the proliferative response of human β-cells, only Skp2 was capable of inducing a significant human β-cell expansion. Skp2 was also able to double the proliferative response of T2D β-cells. These studies define c-Myc as a central Skp2 target for the induction of cell cycle entry, expansion and regeneration of human T2D β-cells.
“Calibration-on-the-spot”: How to calibrate an EMCCD camera from its images
Authors: Mortensen Kim I. , Flyvbjerg Henrik
Published: July 2016

In order to count photons with a camera, the camera must be calibrated. Photon counting is necessary, e.g., to determine the precision of localization-based super-resolution microscopy. Here we present a protocol that calibrates an EMCCD camera from information contained in isolated, diffraction-limited spots in any image taken by the camera, thus making dedicated calibration procedures redundant by enabling calibration post festum, from images filed without calibration information.
Redefining the “carrier” state for foot-and-mouth disease from the dynamics of virus persistence in endemically affected cattle populations
Authors: Bronsvoort Barend M. deC. , Handel Ian G. , Nfon Charles K. , Sørensen Karl-Johan , Malirat Viviana , Bergmann Ingrid , Tanya Vincent N. , Morgan Kenton L.
Published: July 2016

The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) “carrier” state was defined by van Bekkum in 1959. It was based on the recovery of infectious virus 28 days or more post infection and has been a useful construct for experimental studies. Using historic data from 1,107 cattle, collected as part of a population based study of endemic FMD in 2000, we developed a mixed effects logistic regression model to predict the probability of recovering viable FMDV by probang and culture, conditional on the animal’s age and time since last reported outbreak. We constructed a second set of models to predict the probability of an animal being probang positive given its antibody response in three common non-structural protein (NSP) ELISAs and its age. We argue that, in natural ecological settings, the current definition of a ”carrier” fails to capture the dynamics of either persistence of the virus (as measured by recovery using probangs) or the uncertainty in transmission from such animals that the term implies. In these respects it is not particularly useful. We therefore propose the first predictive statistical models for identifying persistently infected cattle in an endemic setting that captures some of the dynamics of the probability of persistence. Furthermore, we provide a set of predictive tools to use alongside NSP ELISAs to help target persistently infected cattle.
Regulation of Schwann cell proliferation and migration by miR-1 targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor after peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Yi Sheng , Yuan Ying , Chen Qianqian , Wang Xinghui , Gong Leilei , Liu Jie , Gu Xiaosong , Li Shiying
Published: July 2016

Peripheral nerve injury is a global problem that causes disability and severe socioeconomic burden. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) benefits peripheral nerve regeneration and becomes a promising therapeutic molecule. In the current study, we found that microRNA-1 (miR-1) directly targeted BDNF by binding to its 3′-UTR and caused both mRNA degradation and translation suppression of BDNF. Moreover, miR-1 induced BDNF mRNA degradation primarily through binding to target site 3 rather than target site 1 or 2 of BDNF 3′-UTR. Following rat sciatic nerve injury, a rough inverse correlation was observed between temporal expression profiles of miR-1 and BDNF in the injured nerve. The overexpression or silencing of miR-1 in cultured Schwann cells (SCs) inhibited or enhanced BDNF secretion from the cells, respectively and also suppressed or promoted SC proliferation and migration, respectively. Interestingly, BDNF knockdown could attenuate the enhancing effect of miR-1 inhibitor on SC proliferation and migration. These findings will contribute to the development of a novel therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve injury, which overcomes the limitations of direct administration of exogenous BDNF by using miR-1 to regulate endogenous BDNF expression.
Analysis of Triplet Exciton Loss Pathways in PTB7:PC71BM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Kraus Hannes , Heiber Michael C. , Väth Stefan , Kern Julia , Deibel Carsten , Sperlich Andreas , Dyakonov Vladimir
Published: July 2016

A strategy for increasing the conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics has been to increase the VOC by tuning the energy levels of donor and acceptor components. However, this opens up a new loss pathway from an interfacial charge transfer state to a triplet exciton (TE) state called electron back transfer (EBT), which is detrimental to device performance. To test this hypothesis, we study triplet formation in the high performing PTB7:PC71BM blend system and determine the impact of the morphology-optimizing additive 1,8-diiodoctane (DIO). Using photoluminescence and spin-sensitive optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements at low temperature, we find that TEs form on PC71BM via intersystem crossing from singlet excitons and on PTB7 via EBT mechanism. For DIO blends with smaller fullerene domains, an increased density of PTB7 TEs is observed. The EBT process is found to be significant only at very low temperature. At 300 K, no triplets are detected via ODMR and electrically detected magnetic resonance on optimized solar cells indicates that TEs are only present on the fullerenes. We conclude that in PTB7:PC71BM devices, TE formation via EBT is impacted by fullerene domain size at low temperature, but at room temperature, EBT does not represent a dominant loss pathway.
MSC from fetal and adult lungs possess lung-specific properties compared to bone marrow-derived MSC
Authors: Rolandsson Enes Sara , Andersson Sjöland Annika , Skog Ingrid , Hansson Lennart , Larsson Hillevi , Le Blanc Katarina , Eriksson Leif , Bjermer Leif , Scheding Stefan , Westergren-Thorsson Gunilla
Published: July 2016

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are multipotent cells with regenerative and immune-modulatory properties. Therefore, MSC have been proposed as a potential cell-therapy for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). On the other hand, there are publications demonstrating that MSC might be involved in the development of BOS. Despite limited knowledge regarding the functional role of tissue-resident lung-MSC, several clinical trials have been performed using MSC, particularly bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC, for various lung diseases. We aimed to compare lung-MSC with the well-characterized BM-MSC. Furthermore, MSC isolated from lung-transplanted patients with BOS were compared to patients without BOS. Our study show that lung-MSCs are smaller, possess a higher colony-forming capacity and have a different cytokine profile compared to BM-MSC. Utilizing gene expression profiling, 89 genes including lung-specific FOXF1 and HOXB5 were found to be significantly different between BM-MSC and lung-MSC. No significant differences in cytokine secretion or gene expression were found between MSC isolated from BOS patients compared recipients without BOS. These data demonstrate that lung-resident MSC possess lung-specific properties. Furthermore, these results show that MSC isolated from lung-transplanted patients with BOS do not have an altered phenotype compared to MSC isolated from good outcome recipients.
Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Infection in Primary Human Macrophages; Balancing Higher Fusion against Antiviral Responses
Authors: Flipse Jacky , Diosa-Toro Mayra A. , Hoornweg Tabitha E. , van de Pol Denise P. I. , Urcuqui-Inchima Silvio , Smit Jolanda M.
Published: July 2016

The dogma is that the human immune system protects us against pathogens. Yet, several viruses, like dengue virus, antagonize the hosts’ antibodies to enhance their viral load and disease severity; a phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. This study offers novel insights in the molecular mechanism of antibody-mediated enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus infection in primary human macrophages. No differences were observed in the number of bound and internalized DENV particles following infection in the absence and presence of enhancing concentrations of antibodies. Yet, we did find an increase in membrane fusion activity during ADE of DENV infection. The higher fusion activity is coupled to a low antiviral response early in infection and subsequently a higher infection efficiency. Apparently, subtle enhancements early in the viral life cycle cascades into strong effects on infection, virus production and immune response. Importantly and in contrast to other studies, the antibody-opsonized virus particles do not trigger immune suppression and remain sensitive to interferon. Additionally, this study gives insight in how human macrophages interact and respond to viral infections and the tight regulation thereof under various conditions of infection.
Comparative analyses across cattle genders and breeds reveal the pitfalls caused by false positive and lineage-differential copy number variations
Authors: Zhou Yang , Utsunomiya Yuri T. , Xu Lingyang , Hay El Hamidi abdel , Bickhart Derek M. , Sonstegard Tad S. , Van Tassell Curtis P. , Garcia Jose Fernando , Liu George E.
Published: July 2016

We compared CNV region (CNVR) results derived from 1,682 Nellore cattle with equivalent results derived from our previous analysis of Bovine HapMap samples. By comparing CNV segment frequencies between different genders and groups, we identified 9 frequent, false positive CNVRs with a total length of 0.8 Mbp that were likely caused by assembly errors. Although there was a paucity of lineage specific events, we did find one 54 kb deletion on chr5 significantly enriched in Nellore cattle. A few highly frequent CNVRs present in both datasets were detected within genomic regions containing olfactory receptor, ATP-binding cassette, and major histocompatibility complex genes. We further evaluated their impacts on downstream bioinformatics and CNV association analyses. Our results revealed pitfalls caused by false positive and lineage-differential copy number variations and will increase the accuracy of future CNV studies in both taurine and indicine cattle.
Patterns of theta oscillation reflect the neural basis of individual differences in epistemic motivation
Authors: Mussel Patrick , Ulrich Natalie , Allen John J. B. , Osinsky Roman , Hewig Johannes
Published: July 2016

Theta oscillations in the EEG have been shown to reflect ongoing cognitive processes related to mental effort. Here, we show that the pattern of theta oscillation in response to varying cognitive demands reflects stable individual differences in the personality trait epistemic motivation: Individuals with high levels of epistemic motivation recruit relatively more cognitive resources in response to situations possessing high, compared to low, cognitive demand; individuals with low levels do not show such a specific response. Our results provide direct evidence for the theory of the construct need for cognition and add to our understanding of the neural processes underlying theta oscillations. More generally, we provide an explanation how individual differences in personality traits might be represented on a neural level.
Suppressing disease spreading by using information diffusion on multiplex networks
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Quan-Hui , Cai Shi-Min , Tang Ming , Braunstein Lidia A. , Stanley H. Eugene
Published: July 2016

Although there is always an interplay between the dynamics of information diffusion and disease spreading, the empirical research on the systemic coevolution mechanisms connecting these two spreading dynamics is still lacking. Here we investigate the coevolution mechanisms and dynamics between information and disease spreading by utilizing real data and a proposed spreading model on multiplex network. Our empirical analysis finds asymmetrical interactions between the information and disease spreading dynamics. Our results obtained from both the theoretical framework and extensive stochastic numerical simulations suggest that an information outbreak can be triggered in a communication network by its own spreading dynamics or by a disease outbreak on a contact network, but that the disease threshold is not affected by information spreading. Our key finding is that there is an optimal information transmission rate that markedly suppresses the disease spreading. We find that the time evolution of the dynamics in the proposed model qualitatively agrees with the real-world spreading processes at the optimal information transmission rate.
Serological detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in citrus, and identification by GeLC-MS/MS of a chaperone protein responding to cellular pathogens
Authors: Ding Fang , Duan Yongping , Yuan Qing , Shao Jonathan , Hartung John S.
Published: July 2016

We describe experiments with antibodies against ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus used to detect the pathogen in infected plants. We used scFv selected to bind epitopes exposed on the surface of the bacterium in tissue prints, with secondary monoclonal antibodies directed at a FLAG epitope included at the carboxyl end of the scFv. Unexpectedly, the anti-FLAG secondary antibody produced positive results with CaLas diseased samples when the primary scFv were not used. The anti-FLAG monoclonal antibody (Mab) also identified plants infected with other vascular pathogens. We then identified a paralogous group of secreted chaperone proteins in the HSP-90 family that contained the amino acid sequence DDDDK identical to the carboxy-terminal sequence of the FLAG epitope. A rabbit polyclonal antibody against one of the same epitopes combined with a goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody produced very strong purple color in individual phloem cells, as expected for this pathogen. These results were entirely specific for CaLas-infected citrus. The simplicity, cost and ability to scale the tissue print assay makes this an attractive assay to complement PCR-based assays currently in use. The partial FLAG epitope may itself be useful as a molecular marker for the rapid screening of citrus plants for the presence of vascular pathogens.
Mutations in the G-domain of Ski7 cause specific dysfunction in non-stop decay
Authors: Horikawa Wataru , Endo Kei , Wada Miki , Ito Koichi
Published: July 2016

Ski7 functions as a cofactor in both normal mRNA turnover and non-stop mRNA decay (NSD) mRNA surveillance in budding yeast. The N-terminal region of Ski7 (Ski7N) interacts with the ski-complex and the exosome. The C-terminal region of Ski7 (Ski7C) binds guanine nucleotides and shares overall sequence and structural homology with the proteins of the translational GTPase superfamily, especially the tRNA/tRNA-mimic carrier protein subfamilies such as EF1α, eRF3 and Hbs1. Previous reports showed that Ski7N polypeptide functions adequately in vivo, while Ski7C, if any, only slightly. Furthermore, Ski7C does not exhibit GTP-hydrolysing activities under normal conditions. Therefore, the physiological and functional significance of the conserved Ski7C is unclear. Here, we report strong genetic evidence suggesting differential roles for Ski7N and Ski7C in normal and specific mRNA turnover pathways by creating/isolating mutations in both Ski7N and Ski7C conserved motifs using indicator yeast strains. We concluded that Ski7C participates in mRNA surveillance as a regulatory module competitively with the Hbs1/Dom34 complex. Our results provide insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying mRNA surveillance.
Recipe for High Moment Materials with Rare-earth and 3d Transition Metal Composites
Authors: Autieri Carmine , Kumar P. Anil , Walecki Dirk , Webers Samira , Gubbins Mark A. , Wende Heiko , Sanyal Biplab
Published: July 2016

Materials with high volume magnetization are perpetually needed for the generation of sufficiently large magnetic fields by writer pole of magnetic hard disks, especially for achieving increased areal density in storage media. In search of suitable materials combinations for this purpose, we have employed density functional theory to predict the magnetic coupling between iron and gadolinium layers separated by one to several monolayers of 3d transition metals (Sc-Zn). We demonstrate that it is possible to find ferromagnetic coupling for many of them and in particular for the early transition metals giving rise to high moment. Cr and Mn are the only elements able to produce a significant ferromagnetic coupling for thicker spacer layers. We also present experimental results on two trilayer systems Fe/Sc/Gd and Fe/Mn/Gd. From the experiments, we confirm a ferromagnetic coupling between Fe and Gd across a 3 monolayers Sc spacer or a Mn spacer thicker than 1 monolayer. In addition, we observe a peculiar dependence of Fe/Gd magnetic coupling on the Mn spacer thickness.
The Effect of Crystal Face of Fe2O3 on the Electrochemical Performance for Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Minmin , Zhao Enyue , Yan Qingbo , Hu Zhongbo , Xiao Xiaoling , Chen Dongfeng
Published: July 2016

Fe2O3 nanorods exposing (001) and (010) plane as well as Fe2O3 nanosheets exposing (001) plane have been successfully synthesized. Fe2O3 nanosheets exhibit better cycle performance and rate capabilities than that of Fe2O3 nanorods. The discharge capacity of Fe2O3 nanosheets can stabilize at 865 mAh/g at the rate of 0.2 C (1C = 1000 mA/g) and 570 mAh/g at the rate of 1.2 C after 80 cycles, which increased by 90% and 79% compared with 456 mAh/g and 318 mAh/g of Fe2O3 nanorods. In comparison with (010) plane, the (001) plane of hematite possesses larger packing density of Fe3+ and O2−, which is responsible for the superior electrochemical performances of Fe2O3 nanosheets than that of Fe2O3 nanorods. In addition, potentiostatic intermittent titration (PITT) results show the diffusion coefficients of Li+ (DLi) of Fe2O3 nanosheets is higher than that of Fe2O3 nanorods. The higher diffusion coefficients of Li+ is favorable for the excellent lithium-storage capabilities and rate capability of Fe2O3 nanosheets. Inspired by our results, we can design and synthesize Fe2O3 or other electrodes with high performances according to their structure features in future.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Increases Vascular Leakage in Retina through VE-cadherin Phosphorylation
Authors: Lee Choon-Soo , Kim Yun Gi , Cho Hyun-Jai , Park Jonghanne , Jeong Heewon , Lee Sang-Eun , Lee Seung-Pyo , Kang Hyun-Jae , Kim Hyo-Soo
Published: July 2016

The inhibitors of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4; DPP4) have been widely prescribed to control glucose level in diabetic patients. DPP4-inhibitors, however, accumulate stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), a well-known inducer of vascular leakage and angiogenesis both of which are fundamental pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DPP4-inhibitors on vascular permeability and diabetic retinopathy. DPP4-inhibitor (diprotin A or sitagliptin) increased the phosphorylation of Src and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) in human endothelial cells and disrupted endothelial cell-to-cell junctions, which were attenuated by CXCR4 (receptor of SDF-1α)-blocker or Src-inhibitor. Disruption of endothelial cell-to-cell junctions in the immuno-fluorescence images correlated with the actual leakage of the endothelial monolayer in the transwell endothelial permeability assay. In the Miles assay, vascular leakage was observed in the ears into which SDF-1α was injected, and this effect was aggravated by DPP4-inhibitor. In the model of retinopathy of prematurity, DPP4-inhibitor increased not only retinal vascularity but also leakage. Additionally, in the murine diabetic retinopathy model, DPP4-inhibitor increased the phosphorylation of Src and VE-cadherin and aggravated vascular leakage in the retinas. Collectively, DPP4-inhibitor induced vascular leakage by augmenting the SDF-1α/CXCR4/Src/VE-cadherin signaling pathway. These data highlight safety issues associated with the use of DPP4-inhibitors.
3D patterned stem cell differentiation using thermo-responsive methylcellulose hydrogel molds
Authors: Lee Wonjae , Park Jon
Published: July 2016

Tissue-specific patterned stem cell differentiation serves as the basis for the development, remodeling and regeneration of the multicellular structure of the native tissues. We herein proposed a cytocompatible 3D casting process to recapitulate this patterned stem cell differentiation for reconstructing multicellular tissues in vitro. We first reconstituted the 2D culture conditions for stem cell fate control within 3D hydrogel by incorporating the sets of the diffusible signal molecules delivered through drug-releasing microparticles. Then, utilizing thermo-responsivity of methylcellulose (MC), we developed a cytocompatible casting process to mold these hydrogels into specific 3D configurations, generating the targeted spatial gradients of diffusible signal molecules. The liquid phase of the MC solution was viscous enough to adopt the shapes of 3D impression patterns, while the gelated MC served as a reliable mold for patterning the hydrogel prepolymers. When these patterned hydrogels were integrated together, the stem cells in each hydrogel distinctly differentiated toward individually defined fates, resulting in the formation of the multicellular tissue structure bearing the very structural integrity and characteristics as seen in vascularized bones and osteochondral tissues.
K-Ras and cyclooxygenase-2 coactivation augments intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and Notch1 mimicking human pancreas lesions
Authors: Chiblak Sara , Steinbauer Brigitte , Pohl-Arnold Andrea , Kucher Dagmar , Abdollahi Amir , Schwager Christian , Höft Birgit , Esposito Irene , Müller-Decker Karin
Published: July 2016

Mutational activation of K-Ras is an initiating event of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) that may develop either from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) or intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is causally related to pancreatic carcinogenesis. Here, we deciphered the impact of COX-2, a key modulator of inflammation, in concert with active mutant K-RasG12D on tumor burden and gene expression signature using compound mutant mouse lines. Concomitant activation of COX-2 and K-RasG12D accelerated the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial lesions predominantly with a cystic papillary phenotype resembling human IPMN. Transcriptomes derived from laser capture microdissected preneoplastic lesions of single and compound mutants revealed a signature that was significantly enriched in Notch1 signaling components. In vitro, Notch1 signaling was COX-2-dependent. In line with these findings, human IPMN stratified into intestinal, gastric and pancreatobillary types displayed Notch1 immunosignals with high prevalence, especially in the gastric lesions. In conclusion, a yet unknown link between activated Ras, protumorigenic COX-2 and Notch1 in IPMN onset was unraveled.
Spherulization as a process for the exudation of chemical cues by the encrusting sponge C. crambe
Authors: Ternon Eva , Zarate Lina , Chenesseau Sandrine , Croué Julie , Dumollard Rémi , Suzuki Marcelino T. , Thomas Olivier P.
Published: July 2016

Ecological interactions in the marine environment are now recognized to be partly held by chemical cues produced by marine organisms. In particular, sponges are sessile animals thought to rely on the bioactive substances they synthesize to ensure their development and defense. However, the mechanisms leading the sponges to use their specialized metabolites as chemical cues remain unknown. Here we report the constant release of bioactive polycyclic guanidinic alkaloids by the Mediterranean sponge Crambe crambe into the dissolved and the particulate phases using a targeted metabolomics study. These compounds were proven to be stored into already described specialized (spherulous) sponge cells and dispersed into the water column after release through the sponge exhaling channels (oscula), leading to a chemical shield surrounding the sponge. Low concentrations of these compounds were demonstrated to have teratogenic effects on embryos of a common sea squirt (ascidian). This mechanism of action called spherulization may therefore contribute to the ecological success of encrusting sponges that need to extend their substrate cover to expand.
A crystal-clear zebrafish for in vivo imaging
Authors: Antinucci Paride , Hindges Robert
Published: July 2016

The larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an excellent vertebrate model for in vivo imaging of biological phenomena at subcellular, cellular and systems levels. However, the optical accessibility of highly pigmented tissues, like the eyes, is limited even in this animal model. Typical strategies to improve the transparency of zebrafish larvae require the use of either highly toxic chemical compounds (e.g. 1-phenyl-2-thiourea, PTU) or pigmentation mutant strains (e.g. casper mutant). To date none of these strategies produce normally behaving larvae that are transparent in both the body and the eyes. Here we present crystal, an optically clear zebrafish mutant obtained by combining different viable mutations affecting skin pigmentation. Compared to the previously described combinatorial mutant casper, the crystal mutant lacks pigmentation also in the retinal pigment epithelium, therefore enabling optical access to the eyes. Unlike PTU-treated animals, crystal larvae are able to perform visually guided behaviours, such as the optomotor response, as efficiently as wild type larvae. To validate the in vivo application of crystal larvae, we performed whole-brain light-sheet imaging and two-photon calcium imaging of neural activity in the retina. In conclusion, this novel combinatorial pigmentation mutant represents an ideal vertebrate tool for completely unobstructed structural and functional in vivo investigations of biological processes, particularly when imaging tissues inside or between the eyes.
Permselective 2D-polymer-based membrane tuneable by host–guest chemistry
Authors: Baek Kangkyun , Xu Dan , Murray James , Kim Sungwan , Kim Kimoon
Published: July 2016

A nanoporous membrane with tuneable permselectivity through non-covalent surface modification has been fabricated by deposition of a cucurbit[6]uril-based 2D polymer film onto a simple support membrane.
Bis(carbodicarbene)phosphenium trication: the case against hypervalency
Authors: Đorđević Nemanja , Ganguly Rakesh , Petković Milena , Vidović Dragoslav
Published: July 2016

A phosphenium trication is stabilized by two carbone ligands. According to theoretical investigations the title compound contains polarized P–C bonds.
The organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of N-tosyl aziridines by an N-heterocyclic carbene
Authors: Bakkali-Hassani Camille , Rieger Elisabeth , Vignolle Joan , Wurm Frederik R. , Carlotti Stéphane , Taton Daniel
Published: July 2016

The organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization of N-tosyl aziridines is triggered by an N-heterocyclic carbene using an N-activated amine initiator.
Immobilization of an artificial imine reductase within silica nanoparticles improves its performance
Authors: Hestericová Martina , Correro M. Rita , Lenz Markus , Corvini Philippe F.-X. , Shahgaldian Patrick , Ward Thomas R.
Published: July 2016

Immobilization and protection of artificial imine reductase in silica nanoparticles increases its activity and protects from various denaturing stresses.
Cobalt nanoparticle-embedded carbon nanotube/porous carbon hybrid derived from MOF-encapsulated Co3O4 for oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Dou Shuo , Li Xingyue , Tao Li , Huo Jia , Wang Shuangyin
Published: July 2016

A MOF encapsulated Co3O4-derived Co–carbon nanotube/porous carbon electrocatalyst exhibits highly efficient electrocatalytic activity for the ORR and OER.
Correction: Assessing the potential of photosensitizing flavoproteins as tags for correlative microscopy
Authors: Rodríguez-Pulido Alberto , Cortajarena Aitziber L. , Torra Joaquim , Ruiz-González Rubén , Nonell Santi , Flors Cristina
Published: July 2016

Correction for ‘Assessing the potential of photosensitizing flavoproteins as tags for correlative microscopy’ by Alberto Rodríguez-Pulido et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 8405–8408.
Troponin structure: its modulation by Ca2+and phosphorylation studied by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zamora Juan Eiros , Papadaki Maria , Messer Andrew E. , Marston Steven B. , Gould Ian R.
Published: July 2016

The only available crystal structure of the human cardiac troponin molecule (cTn) in the Ca2+activated state does not include crucial segments, including the N-terminus of the cTn inhibitory subunit (cTnI).
Spectroscopic properties and location of the Tb3+ and Eu3+ energy levels in Y2O2S under high hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Behrendt M. , Mahlik S. , Szczodrowski K. , Kukliński B. , Grinberg M.
Published: July 2016

In this contribution, an extensive spectroscopic study of Y2O2S doped with Eu3+ and Tb3+ is presented.
Role of donor–acceptor macrocycles in sequence specific peptide recognition and their optoelectronic properties: a detailed computational insight
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arkamita , Pati Swapan K
Published: July 2016

We have demonstrated sequence specific peptide recognition by donor–acceptor macrocycles by performing DFT and classical molecular dynamics studies.
A series of Anderson-type polyoxometalate-based metal–organic complexes: their pH-dependent electrochemical behaviour, and as electrocatalysts and photocatalysts
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Sun Junjun , Lin Hongyan , Chang Zhihan , Wang Xiang , Liu Guocheng
Published: July 2016

Seven novel polyoxometalate-based metal–organic complexes are synthesized and structurally characterized, exhibiting high electrochemical sensitivity to pH and photocatalytic activities for the degradation of organic dyes under UV irradiation.
Hydrothermally driven three-dimensional evolution of mesoporous hierarchical europium oxide hydrangea microspheres for non-enzymatic sensors of hydrogen peroxide detection
Authors: Yan Yibo , Li Kaixin , Thia Larissa , Dai Yihu , Zhao Jun , Chen Xiaoping , Yang Yanhui , Lee Jong-Min
Published: July 2016

Hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous europium oxide hierarchical hydrangea microspheres for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been successfully achieved.
Integrating a microbial electrochemical system into a classical wastewater treatment configuration for removing nitrogen from low COD effluents
Authors: Tejedor-Sanz Sara , Bacchetti de Gregoris Tristano , Salas Juan José , Pastor Laura , Esteve-Núñez Abraham
Published: July 2016

We investigated the adaptation of a classical oxic–anoxic chamber configuration to a microbial electrochemical system in order to remove both nitrogen and organic matter from low COD effluents.
Uncertainty quantification for quantum chemical models of complex reaction networks
Authors: Proppe Jonny , Husch Tamara , Simm Gregor N. , Reiher Markus
Published: July 2016

For the quantitative understanding of complex chemical reaction mechanisms, it is, in general, necessary to accurately determine the corresponding free energy surface and to solve the resulting continuous-time reaction rate equations for a continuous state space. For a general (complex) reaction network, it is computationally hard to fulfill these two requirements. However, it is possible to approximately address these challenges in a physically consistent way. On the one hand, it may be sufficient to consider approximate free energies if a reliable uncertainty measure can be provided. On the other hand, a highly resolved time evolution may not be necessary to still determine quantitative fluxes in a reaction network if one is interested in specific time scales. In this paper, we present discrete-time kinetic simulations in discrete state space taking free energy uncertainties into account. The method builds upon thermo-chemical data obtained from electronic structure calculations in a condensed-phase model. Our kinetic approach supports the analysis of general reaction networks spanning multiple time scales, which is here demonstrated for the example of the formose reaction. An important application of our approach is the detection of regions in a reaction network which require further investigation, given the uncertainties introduced by both approximate electronic structure methods and kinetic models. Such cases can then be studied in greater detail with more sophisticated first-principles calculations and kinetic simulations.
Nanostructured proton-conducting membranes based on polymerizable zwitterionic ionic liquid microemulsions
Authors: Lu Fei , Gao Xinpei , Sun Panpan , Zheng Liqiang
Published: July 2016

Polymerizable zwitterionic ionic liquid microemulsions were fabricated for the first time to prepare ionic liquid based proton-conductors.
Bespoke contrast-matched diblock copolymer nanoparticles enable the rational design of highly transparent Pickering double emulsions
Authors: Rymaruk Matthew J. , Thompson Kate L. , Derry Matthew J. , Warren Nicholas J. , Ratcliffe Liam P. D. , Williams Clive N. , Brown Steven L. , Armes Steven P.
Published: July 2016

Contrast-matched diblock copolymer nanoparticles facilitate the production of highly transparent Pickering emulsions and Pickering double emulsions.
Funnel shaped molecules containing benzo/pyrido[1,2,5]thiadiazole functionalities as peripheral acceptors for organic photovoltaic applications
Authors: Paramasivam Mahalingavelar , Gupta Akhil , Babu N. Jagadeesh , Bhanuprakash K. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Rao V. Jayathirtha
Published: July 2016

Energy levels of a funnel shaped molecule was effected by varying donor and acceptor combinations and a power efficiency of 2.21% achieved forDCTPmolecule.
On the molecular dynamics in long-acting calcium channel blocker lacidipine: solid-state NMR, neutron scattering and periodic DFT study
Authors: Pajzderska Aleksandra , Drużbicki Kacper , Kiwilsza Anna , Gonzalez Miguel Angel , Jenczyk Jacek , Jurga Stefan , Mielcarek Jadwiga , Wąsicki Jan
Published: July 2016

A new-generation lipophilic calcium channel blocker lacidipine (LCDP) has been thoroughly explored by combining solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with high-flux quasi-elastic (QENS) and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments.
Dose-dependent enhancement of octacalcium phosphate biodegradation with a gelatin matrix during bone regeneration in a rabbit tibial defect model
Authors: Saito Keisuke , Anada Takahisa , Shiwaku Yukari , Chiba Shinpei , Miyatake Naohisa , Suzuki Kentaro , Tsuchiya Kaori , Suzuki Osamu
Published: July 2016

The present study was designed to investigate how the dose of granular octacalcium phosphate in a gelatin matrix affects its bone regenerative and biodegradable properties in a rabbit tibia defect.
Mussel-inspired fabrication of novel superhydrophobic and superoleophilic sponge modified using a high density of nanoaggregates at low concentration of dopamine
Authors: Zhou Lin , Wang Xiaohui , Yuan Kun , Xi Fengna , Liu Jiyang , Dong Xiaoping
Published: July 2016

A superhydrophobic/superoleophilic sponge with outstanding adsorbency and flame-retardancy was fabricated by modification using a high density of polydopamine-nanoaggregates at low concentration of dopamine.