bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study between magnesium sulphate and dexmedetomidine in controlled hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Bayoumy Aya A. , Abo Zeid Gihan S. , El Deek Abeer M. , Elbeialy Marwa A.
Published: July 2020

Background

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has been proposed as a selected treatment used in patients with chronic sinusitis that have not responded to medical therapy. Due to the nature of the location of endoscopic sinus surgery, even a small amount of bleeding can reduce the operative visibility. The aim of the work was to compare between dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate regarding their efficacy as a hypotensive agent in FESS in adult patients to obtain a bloodless surgical field.

Patients and methods

Sixty patients were randomly assigned into two groups, (D group) for dexmedetomidine (n = 30) and (M group) for magnesium sulphate (n = 30). In (D group), patients received 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine in 100 ml saline solution as the loading dose 10 min before induction and 0.5–1 μg/kg/h infusion via syringe pump during surgery. In (M group), patients received 40 mg/kg magnesium sulphate in 100 ml saline solution over 10 min as the intravenous loading dose 10 min before induction, with a subsequent 10–15 mg/kg/h infusion. If there is an increase in the arterial blood pressure greater than the targeted MAP (55–65 mmHg), nitroglycerine infusion was started by 0.5 μg/kg/min. The surgeon estimated the quality of the surgical field and recorded it. The total blood loss was measured. In recovery, time to reach Aldrete score ≥ 9 was recorded to fulfill the discharge criteria. Pain score was assessed by the NRS numerical rating score. The time needed to first analgesia requirement was recorded. Sedation score was recorded using Ramsay sedation score.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding MAP except at 30 min postoperatively as there was a statistically significant decrease in the MAP among the dexmedetomidine (D group) (p = 0.039). Nitroglycerine was required in eight cases in the magnesium sulphate (M group) to reach the targeted MAP which was statistically significant compared to the (D group). Patients in the (D group) had a statistically significant decrease in heart rate than in the (M group) during and after the operation (p = 0.35). The quality of the surgical field was significantly better among the (D group) (p < 0.05), and accordingly, the surgeon satisfaction was significantly higher in the (D group) (p = 0.001). Time to reach Aldrete score ≥ 9 and time for first analgesic requirement postoperatively were significantly longer in the (D group) (p = 0.023, p = 0.001 respectively). Regarding the Ramsay sedation score (RSS), it was higher in the (D group) which was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

Dexmedetomidine was more effective than magnesium sulphate to achieve controlled hypotension in patients undergoing FESS. Compared with magnesium, dexmedetomidine offers the advantage of better clarity of the field, surgical satisfaction, less bleeding, and prolonged postoperative analgesia.
Stress, nutrients and genotype: understanding and managing asparagine accumulation in wheat grain
Authors: Oddy Joseph , Raffan Sarah , Wilkinson Mark D. , Elmore J. Stephen , Halford Nigel G.
Published: July 2020

Plant stress and poor crop management strategies compromise the foundations of food security: crop yield, nutritional quality and food safety. Accumulation of high concentrations of the amino acid asparagine in its free (soluble, non-protein) form is an example of an undesirable outcome of stress for the nutritional quality and food safety of wheat because of its role as a precursor to acrylamide, a carcinogenic processing contaminant. In this review, we cover what is known about the mechanisms and functions of free asparagine accumulation in the grain during normal development and particularly during stress in wheat. Comparisons with other plant species, yeast, and mammals are drawn in order to gain deeper insight into the conserved biology underlying asparagine accumulation. Crop management strategies and practices are discussed in the context of managing asparagine accumulation, which must be balanced against other desirable goals, such as sustainability, protein content and yield.
ML-descent: An optimization algorithm for full-waveform inversion using machine learning
Authors: Sun Bingbing , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: July 2020

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a nonlinear optimization problem, and a typical optimization algorithm such as the nonlinear conjugate gradient or limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (LBFGS) would iteratively update the model mainly along the gradient-descent direction of the misfit function or a slight modification of it. Based on the concept of meta-learning, rather than using a hand-designed optimization algorithm, we have trained the machine (represented by a neural network) to learn an optimization algorithm, entitled the “ML-descent,” and apply it in FWI. Using a recurrent neural network (RNN), we use the gradient of the misfit function as the input, and the hidden states in the RNN incorporate the history information of the gradient similar to an LBFGS algorithm. However, unlike the fixed form of the LBFGS algorithm, the machine-learning (ML) version evolves in response to the gradient. The loss function for training is formulated as a weighted summation of the L2 norm of the data residuals in the original inverse problem. As with any well-defined nonlinear inverse problem, the optimization can be locally approximated by a linear convex problem; thus, to accelerate the training, we train the neural network by minimizing randomly generated quadratic functions instead of performing time-consuming FWIs. To further improve the accuracy and robustness, we use a variational autoencoder that projects and represents the model in latent space. We use the Marmousi and the overthrust examples to demonstrate that the ML-descent method shows faster convergence and outperforms conventional optimization algorithms. The energy in the deeper part of the models can be recovered by the ML-descent even when the pseudoinverse of the Hessian is not incorporated in the FWI update.
Engineering-oriented “sweet spot” prediction for tight sandstone gas reservoirs: A case study from Sulige gas field in Western China
Authors: Li Hailiang , Zhang Liping , Gui Jinyong , Wang Hailong , Li Shengjun
Published: July 2020

Tight sandstone gas reservoirs have the characteristics of low porosity and permeability, deep burial, and low production of vertical wells, which are difficult to predict and exploit. Usually, finding a “sweet spot” requires finding zones with well-developed fractures or easy stimulation by hydraulic fracturing in the later stage. For some tight sandstone gas reservoirs where natural fractures are not developed, directional hydraulic fracturing is a good choice to improve single well production. However, not all reservoirs can achieve the desired productivity after hydraulic-fracture stimulation. In the exploration of the Sulige (SLG) gas field in Western China, sweet spots with strong brittleness and good petrophysical properties can ensure the success of hydraulic fracturing. We have evaluated the SLG gas field to determine how to implement an engineering-oriented sweet spot prediction workflow. The method has five steps: data-quality analysis, lithology prediction, brittleness prediction, petrophysical property prediction, and well planning. We evaluated the feasibility of subsequent sensitive elastic parameter inversion by comparing the accrual and simulated seismic gathers. Then, we used a direct inversion method of Young’s modulus to predict lithology and identify fluid at the same time. Next, we constructed a new brittleness index by combining the rate of change of Young’s modulus and the quartz content to evaluate the brittleness of rocks, which can overcome the shortage of the conventional brittleness index constructed by a single parameter. Finally, by using the brittleness index, we combined the petrophysical properties inversion results to select regions with strong brittleness and good petrophysical properties as the basis of well planning. This workflow achieved remarkable results in the exploration of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the SLG gas field in Western China.
Evaluating the Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Black/White Breast Cancer Mortality Disparities: A Difference-in-Difference Analysis
Authors: Semprini Jason , Olopade Olufunmilayo
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE

Medicaid expansion was designed to increase access to health care. Evidence is mixed, but theory and empirical data suggest that lower cost of care through greater access to insurance increases health care utilization and possibly improves the health of poor and sick populations. However, this major health policy has yet to be thoroughly investigated for its effect on health disparities. The current study is motivated by one of today’s most stark inequalities: the disparity in breast cancer mortality rates between Black and White women.

METHODS

This analysis used a difference-in-difference fixed effects regression model to evaluate the impact of Medicaid expansion on the disparity between Black and White breast cancer mortality rates. State-level breast cancer mortality data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Each state’s Medicaid expansion status was provided by a Kaiser Family Foundation white paper. Two tests were conducted, one compared all expanding states with all nonexpanding states, and the second compared all expanding states with nonexpanding states that voted to expand—but did not by 2014. The difference-in-difference regression models considered the year 2014 a washout period and compared 2012 and 2013 (pretreatment) with 2015 and 2016 (posttreatment).

RESULTS

Medicaid expansion did not lower the disparity in breast cancer mortality. In contrast to expectations, the Black/White mortality ratio increased in states expanding Medicaid for all Medicaid-eligible age groups, with significant effects in younger age groups ( P = .01 to .15).

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that states cannot solely rely on access to insurance to alleviate disparities in cancer or other chronic conditions. More exploration of the impacts of low-quality health systems is warranted.
Gender, Radicalization, and the October Days
Authors: Desan Suzanne
Published: July 2020

In 1789 the forms and legitimacy of revolutionary crowd activism emerged out of Old Regime practices, but the pivotal role of gender dynamics in this radicalizing process has not yet been fully understood. This article rethinks the October Days by examining the occupation of the National Assembly and making three central claims. First, female marchers fused revolutionary political knowledge with older forms of bodily and spatial politics. Second, women's and men's practices operated in tandem. The growing presence of armed, working men deepened the journée's impact on deputies and king. Third, gendered behavior and expectations enabled Parisians to forge revolutionary claims within Old Regime frameworks, including rioting for subsistence and building on and beyond carnivalesque acts of inversion. In essence, the gender dynamics and political context of the event allowed a largely female crowd to smuggle the expansion of popular sovereignty in through the back door.

En 1789, les formes et la légitimité de la foule révolutionnaire ont émergé de pratiques issues de l'Ancien Régime. Cependant, notre connaissance du rôle clé joué par la dynamique du genre au sein de ce processus de radicalisation demeure lacunaire. Afin de repenser les journées d'octobre, cet essai examine l'occupation de l'Assemblée nationale et propose trois arguments cruciaux. En premier lieu, les manifestants ont fusionné leur connaissance de la politique révolutionnaire avec des formes plus anciennes de la politique du corps et de l'espace. Deuxièmement, les femmes et les hommes ont mené des pratiques politiques en tandem. La présence croissante d'hommes armés, souvent employés comme ouvriers, a intensifié l'impact de cette journée sur les députés et sur le Roi. Plus généralement, les Parisiennes et les Parisiens ont pu établir, à travers leurs attentes et leurs comportements genrés, des revendications révolutionnaires dans le cadre de coutumes d'Ancien Régime, notamment par le biais d'émeutes de subsistance et d'inversion carnavalesque. En fait, grâce aux dynamiques liées au genre et au contexte politique, une foule majoritairement féminine a introduit l'expansion de la souveraineté populaire par la petite porte.
France Speaks!
Authors: Palacios Cerezales Diego
Published: July 2020

In 1851 more than 1.6 million signatures endorsed a petition for an amendment to the 1848 constitution that would have allowed Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte to stand for reelection. Following contemporary critics who claimed that the movement had been orchestrated by the government, scholars have been little impressed by this mobilization, which produced the largest petition of nineteenth-century France. By analyzing the petitions and the signatures themselves, official reports, correspondence of key actors, and the public debate, this article reappraises the campaign, making three claims: that a government-sponsored petition merits analysis in the context of the explosion of popular mobilization that followed 1848, that the depiction provided by the republicans of the participation of the administration in the campaign is partial and incomplete, and that the petitioners were not dependent and manipulated individuals but purposeful citizens who understood and supported the petition they signed. The article concludes that the campaign would not have succeeded without the genuine popularity of the president and the surfacing of a strong popular Bonapartist undercurrent.

En 1851, des pétitions, rassemblant plus de 1,6 million de signatures, ont demandé une révision de la Constitution permettant à Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte de se porter candidat à un deuxième mandat présidentiel. Selon les républicains, le mouvement avait été orchestré et manipulé par le gouvernement, et les historiens ont aussi dédaigné cette mobilisation, alors qu'elle était la pétition la plus signée en France au dix-neuvième siècle. En analysant les pétitions et les signatures elles-mêmes, les rapports officiels, la correspondance des acteurs clés et le débat public, l'article réévalue cette campagne et propose trois arguments : (1) que les pétitions parrainées par le gouvernement font partie de l'histoire des mobilisations populaires ; (2) que l'image d'une administration toute-puissante mise au service de la campagne ne correspond pas à la réalité ; et enfin (3) que la plupart des pétitionnaires n'étaient pas des individus manipulés, mais des citoyens conscients du sens de leurs actions. La campagne n'aurait pas réussi sans l'expérience de la démocratie depuis 1848, la popularité du président et l'émergence d'un bonapartisme populaire.
“This Is No Longer a Book, It Is a Political Event”
Authors: Sampaio Guilherme
Published: July 2020

Since its publication in 1919, John Maynard Keynes's Economic Consequences of the Peace has left a deep imprint on interpretations of the Treaty of Versailles and subsequent reparations discussions. Current scholarship on the treaty has accurately reassessed Keynes's conclusion that French peace aims were purely vindictive, but it has erroneously claimed that Consequences was a biased book barely read in France. By placing the reception of Consequences in the context of domestic French debates on the Versailles peace in 1920, this article demonstrates instead that Keynes's book was substantially discussed in France and that it garnered supporters among academic economists and on the left. Furthermore, examining the French networks that helped Keynes publish a translation of his book in the prestigious Nouvelle revue française problematizes his alleged Germanophilia.

Dès sa publication en 1919, Les conséquences économiques de la paix de John Maynard Keynes a profondément influencé les analyses faites par les contemporains et les historiens sur le Traité de Versailles et la question des réparations allemandes. Aujourd'hui, l'historiographie concernant ces questions a beaucoup nuancé l'argument de Keynes selon lequel le traité avait imposé une « paix carthaginoise » à l'Allemagne. Mais elle a aussi erronément conclu que Les conséquences était un livre biaisé et par conséquent peu lu en France. En contextualisant les réactions au livre de Keynes dans les débats politiques français sur la paix de Versailles, cet article démontre qu'en fait, le livre a été considérablement discuté en 1920 et qu'il a réuni l'appui des économistes et de la Gauche. Par ailleurs, l'article problématise l'idée que Keynes fut un germanophile en analysant comment ses réseaux parisiens l'ont aidé à publier la traduction des Conséquences dans la Nouvelle revue française.
Patient recruitment to a diabetic retinopathy screening trial through optimised patient information materials: an embedded study within a trial (SWAT)
Authors: Sheridan Rebecca , Knapp Peter , Bower Peter , Madurasinghe Vichithranie , Broadbent Deborah M , Awoyale Lola , Wang Amu , Moitt Tracy ,   on behalf of the ISDR Trial Group
Published: July 2020

Background: Printed participant information about trials is often technical, long and difficult to navigate. Optimisation and user testing can improve information materials, and may improve participant understanding and rates of recruitment.

Methods: A study within a trial (SWAT) was undertaken within the ISDR trial. Potential participants in the ISDR trial were randomised to receive either the standard trial information or revised information that had been optimised through information design and user testing.

Results: A total of 3,169 patients were randomised in the SWAT. Recruitment rates to the ISDR trial were 25.3% in the optimised information group and 26.1% in the standard information group (odds ratio 0.951; 95% CI 0.752 to 1.201; p=0.672). Clinic attendance rates were 71.6% in the optimised information group and 69.3% in the standard information group (OR 1.145; 95% CI 0.885 to 1.480; p=0.304).

Conclusions: Optimisation of participant information through information design and user testing did not affect rate of recruitment to the host ISDR trial.

Registration: ISRCTN ID ISRCTN87561257; registered on 08 May 2014.
Precision medicine implementation and research-practice partnerships: implications of measurement scale differential item functioning
Authors: Mogaka John J. O. , Chimbari Moses J.
Published: July 2020

Background: Omics-based biomarkers (OBMs) inform precision medicine (PM). As omics-based technologies gradually move into clinical settings, however, a co-occurrence of biomedical research and clinical practice is likely an important variable in the implementation of PM. Currently, little is known about the implications of such research-practice co-occurrence.

Methods: This study used data collected from a pilot study designed to inform a full-scale PM implementation study through the validation of the measurement tool. It applied item response theory (IRT) methods to assess the tool’s reliability and measurement invariance across two study subgroups associated with research and practice settings.

Results: The study sample consisted of 31 participants. Measurement invariance assessment was through differential item functioning (DIF) analysis with bootstrapping through Monte Carlo simulation. Overall, 13 out of 22 items that formed the PMI scale had DIF at significance level α=0.25. Item response functions (IRFs) revealed how each subgroup members responded to scale items and their attitudes towards factors that influence PM implementation.

Conclusions: Attitudinal similarities and differences towards factors influencing PM implementation amongst those in biomedical research as compared with those in practice were established. Results indicated PM implementation knowledge that is unique and common to both groups. The study established the validity and reliability of the new PM implementation measurement tool for the two subgroups.
Case Report: COVID-19 in a female patient who presented with acute lower limb ischemia
Authors: Muhi Fahad Ahmed , Mohammad Ayam Ali , Al-Khalidi Hasanain A. , Lazim Qusay Jummaa , Hussein Fahad Ibrahim , Alshewered Ahmed Salih
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed as a pandemic and has caused thousands of deaths worldwide. It may be complicated with arterial or venous thrombosis; however, the literature for concerning these symptoms is limited. Here, we report a rare presentation of COVID-19 infection in a 49-year-old female patient, who presented with acute lower limb ischemia one day before the development of the classic symptoms for COVID-19, such as fever and dyspnea. Clinicians should have a high suspicion and awareness of COVID-19 infection in patients presenting with acute lower limb ischemia, especially during the pandemic period.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ГЧП-ПРОЕКТОВ
Authors: Mazharova Lina Alexandrovna
Published: July 2020

В статье представлена авторская модель оценки государственными органами эффективности ГЧП-проектов.Состояние вопроса: актуальность темы исследования обусловлена тем, что ускорение темпов привлечения средств, расширение набора возможных вариантов ГЧП-соглашений, увеличение числа инновационных проектов усиливают проблему разработки комплексных критериев эффективности ГЧП. Однако большинство современных исследований носят достаточно узкий характер и рассматривают только один из аспектов феномена ГЧП. В этой связи, целью представленного исследования является разработка концептуальной модели оценки эффективности ГЧП-проектов.Материалы и методы исследования: материалами исследования стали труды отечественных и зарубежных авторов, нормативная и статистическая информация в области ГЧП. Были применены методы логического анализа и синтеза, индукции и дедукции.Результаты исследования: автором была разработана модель, включающая четыре этапа оценки эффективности: 1) оценку достижимости и целесообразности проекта; 2) сравнительную оценку эффективности ГЧП-проекта; 3) оценку социальной эффективности; 4) итоговую оценку экономической эффективности ГЧП-проекта. Предложенная модель ориентирована на то, чтобы учесть в окончательном варианте проекта интересы не только государства, но и бизнеса, что расширит круг потенциальных частных партнеров. Это определяет ее практическую значимость как при разработке нормативных актов, так и для обоснования эффективности отдельных ГЧП проектов.
МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ НАУКОЕМКИМИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯМИ
Authors: Syshchikova Elena Nikolaevna
Published: July 2020

В статье представлено описание ключевых принципов, обеспечивающих модернизацию системы управления предприятием с позиций мировоззренческого, когнитивного и технологического аспектов; предложена логика проведения модернизации системы управления наукоемкими предприятиями.Цель работы. Обосновать методологию модернизации системы управления наукоемким предприятием.Метод или методология проведения работы. В статье использованы следующие методы исследования: анализ и синтез, дедукция и индукция.Результаты. Обоснована методология модернизации системы управления наукоемкими предприятиями.Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при уточнении методических основ формирования систем управления наукоемкими предприятиями, ориентированными на устойчивое экономическое развитие.
КАДРОВЫЙ РЕЗЕРВ КАК НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛА: ПРАКТИКА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ НА ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ ПРЕДПРИЯТИИ
Authors: Shendel Tatyana Vladimirovna
Published: July 2020

В статье проведено исследование понятия «развитие персонала», определена его роль для предприятия в современных условиях функционирования. Выявлено сущностное содержание кадрового резерва как организационно-экономического мероприятия в развитии персонала предприятия. Предметной областью исследования в данной статье явилось промышленное предприятие Красноярского края и его особенности работы с кадровым резервом. В результате исследования выявлены высокий коэффициент текучести среди резервистов, отсутствие их практической подготовки, несовершенство процедуры выдвижения кандидатов на ключевую должность. Это определило объективную потребность в разработке рекомендаций по совершенствованию кадрового резерва как направления развития персонала на промышленном предприятии Красноярского края. Устранение данных недостатков позволит развивать SoftSkills & HardSkills у резервистов, сформировать у них чувства причастности и вовлеченности в деятельность предприятия, обеспечить реализацию условий управления карьерой персонала и, следовательно, сделает резервистов конкурентоспособными.Цель – исследование и совершенствование кадрового резерва как направления развития персонала на промышленном предприятии Красноярского края.Метод или методология проведения работы: методы теоретического исследования (анализ и синтез информации), контент – анализ, аналитические и статистические методы, социологические исследования (анкетирование).Результаты: предложены рекомендации по совершенствованию работы с кадровым резервом как направления развития персонала на промышленном предприятии Красноярского края – управление процессом текучести среди резервистов, совершенствование плана индивидуального развития резервистов, регламентация процедуры выдвижения кандидатов на ключевую должность.Область применения результатов: предложенные рекомендации по работе с кадровым резервом могут быть использованы на крупных предприятиях различных отраслей народного хозяйства.
ПОДХОДЫ К ПОДБОРУ УДАЛЕННЫХ СРЕД ДЛЯ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОГО ТЕСТИРОВАНИЯ ИТ-ПРОДУКТОВ
Authors: Krivozjateva Mary Sergeevna , Gajkova Luybov Vadimovna
Published: July 2020

В среде конкурирующих компаний тестирование программного обеспечения и готовых систем становится одним из самых популярных направлений использования для виртуальных интернет-платформ. В условиях цифровизации экономики не только все большее число предпринимателей переходит в электронный бизнес, но и тенденции развития в ИТ отрасли также меняют вектор своего действия в сторону удаленных разработок и тестирования посредством интернета и мобильных приложений. В работе проанализированы плюсы и минусы подбора удаленных сред для автоматического тестирования ИТ-продуктов. Выработаны критерии выбора платформ установки тест-кейсов и критерии выбора сервиса для онлайн-тестов. Обозначены критерии подбора инструментов автоматизации тестирования ИТ-продуктов.Цель исследования: обоснование выбора подходов к подбору удаленных сред для автоматического тестирования ИТ-продуктов.Приемы и инструменты анализа и обобщений задач исследования: использованы приемы и инструменты системного анализа и обобщений.Результаты: для виртуализации процессов тестирования и проведения распределенного тестирования сразу с нескольких рабочих мест, обозначены подходы к подбору удаленных сред для автоматического тестирования ИТ-продуктов, определен инструментарий выбора подходов, обозначены основные виды средств автоматизации тестирования.Область применения результатов: руководители компаний при решении вопросов внедрения интеллектуальной автоматизации и смарт-аналитики для ускорения процессов принятия ключевых решений и валидации продукта.
Building Industries by Building Knowledge: Uncertainty Reduction over Industry Milestones
Authors: Moeen Mahka , Agarwal Rajshree , Shah Sonali K.
Published: July 2020

Scholars have long been interested in new industry emergence, highlighting that it could often be impeded by uncertainty across four dimensions: technology, demand, ecosystem, and institutions. Building on the insight that uncertainty stems from partial knowledge, we develop a conceptual framework that utilizes a temporal and a process perspective for knowledge generation and aggregation. Industry emergence through key milestones—commercialization, firm takeoff, and sales takeoff—is made possible by knowledge-generation processes by diverse actors within and across uncertainty dimensions, and knowledge-aggregation processes with appending, selecting, and collective mechanisms at play. Our conceptual framework integrates across disciplinary perspectives to shed light on both the development of an industry poised for future growth, and the bottlenecks that may delay or even impede industries from emergence.
filosofía y niños: ¿para o con?
Authors: Alarcon castillo Vania
Published: July 2020

In this paper, two different philosophical proposals to introduce and carry out philosophy in school spaces which include the participation of children are compared, these are: Philosophy for Children (P4C), mainly developed by Matthew Lipman and Ann Sharp, and Philosophy with Children (PwC), which is actually a set of “second generation” (counter)proposals –as described by Vansieleghem and Kennedy (2011), based on Reed and Johnson (1999)–, among which those created by Walter Kohan and Karin Murris, to mention a few, stand out. The text begins with some similarities between both proposals, before comparing them in each of their dimensions. First, P4C is discussed. Second, PwC. Their ideas about education, school, philosophical education, their concept of childhood, the role given to teachers and their relation with politics are the main focus. Third, PwC’s critique of the P4C programme is studied. Finally, the paper concludes with some ideas on the issue of introducing philosophy to the school space. Particularly, PwC’s proposal is supported, fundamentally because of its coherent acknowledgment of the autonomy of teachers and of the political element in education, since philosophical experience with children is particularly questioning, defying, and, therefore, it has the possibility of bringing about important transformations, both at a personal-individual level, as well as a collective one.
Nutrition in critical care
Authors: Phillips Steph
Published: July 2020

Veterinary professionals in emergency and critical care see the sickest and most unstable patients, and it is understandable that nutrition is not at the forefront of their minds. This article demonstrates why nutrition is important in the most critical patients, and why studies show it is no longer advisable to delay assisted nutrition. Absence of nutrition in the critical patient leads to muscle catabolism, protein deficiencies and increased risk of sepsis. There are options for enteral or parenteral nutrition, and various feeding tubes that can be used depending on the status of the patient. Both underfeeding and overfeeding can be detrimental to the critical patient; requirements should be calculated for each patient on an individual basis, considering the dietary requirements and risks associated with each presentation and disease process. There are also changes that can be made in the hospital to encourage patients to eat voluntarily; it is important not to forget holistic care in the critical patient.
The veterinary nurse's role in the management of wound drains
Authors: Yon Evie
Published: July 2020

Wound management is an exciting and well-researched area of veterinary medicine. It is a key area for veterinary nursing involvement from initial management to possible surgical reconstruction. An essential aspect of this is provision of the ideal wound environment to encourage normal and effective wound healing, and to reduce the incidence of wound breakdown and dehiscence. Throughout this clinical review, consideration will be given to the normal process of wound healing and how this can be assisted by drain placement. The types of drain used in practice, in addition to novel drainage techniques, will be considered throughout, as well as the veterinary nurse's role in their management. Comprehensive and accurate knowledge and understanding of different drain types, in addition to their potential applications, can help to ensure more informed veterinary nursing and, in turn, better wound healing and patient outcomes.
Assessing pain in rabbits: how well does the Rabbit Grimace Scale work in the veterinary practice?
Authors: Shaw Danielle , Parkes Jessica , Reynolds Helen
Published: July 2020

Background:

Pain recognition in rabbits (Oryctolagous cuniculi) can be a challenging task for the registered veterinary nurse (RVN) and can often result in the delivery of suboptimal nursing care if pain goes undetected. Although the Rabbit Grimace Scale (RbtGS) can assist in pain assessment, it is a tool that is currently underutilised in practice.

Aims:

The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of the RbtGS to assess if it is useful in the veterinary practice to improve rabbit welfare standards.

Methods:

31 individuals, 25 student veterinary nurses and six RVNs participated, taking RbtGS scores for 19 rabbits through either live or video observations. The rabbits were either healthy or experiencing a pre-existing illness or health condition as assessed by a veterinary surgeon.

Results:

The RbtGS scores indicated that the majority of participants were unable to accurately identify the rabbits most likely to be in pain, suggesting that it may not be an optimal tool in rabbit pain assessment. However, RVNs who had more experience in practice were better at identifying signs of pain and stress in the rabbits.

Conclusion:

Experience and ongoing education is invaluable to improve rabbit care. There is a need for a veterinary rabbit pain score system in order to standardise pain management across species.
Analysis of structure and algorithm features of new type strapdown gravimetric navigation system
Authors: AFONIN Alexander A. , SULAKOV Andrey S.
Published: July 2020

The paper presents a structure and improved functional algorithms of a strap-down satellite inertial gravimetric navigation system of minimum hardware configuration. Various options of traditional loosely coupled and a new modification of closely coupled architectures were studied, which allowed for authors achieving sufficient precision of vector gravimetry and finding parameters of orientation and navigation. There were also studied potentials of increased accuracy and reliability of SGS as a component of functionally redundant cone-shaped accelerometer modules. The paper described the specifics of use of functional redundancy inertial measuring units. A specific version of a future modification of a closely related architecture is proposed, which opens up additional possibilities for evaluating and correcting errors of a satellite navigation system, which leads to an increase in the overall accuracy and reliability of determining orientation, navigation, and gravimetric parameters. The advantages of use of streamlined redundant raw data sensors were estimated qualitatively and quantitatively.
On the peculiarities of shaping the appearance of aircraft equipped with a collective rescue system for passengers and crew
Authors: LI Yulong , KUPRIKOV Mikhail Yu. , MAKARENKO Alexander V.
Published: July 2020

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the need to study the issue of the features of the formation of the appearance of aircraft equipped with a collective rescue system for passengers and crew. The purpose of the article is to study the collective rescue system for passengers and crew. The leading method for studying this problem is the method of analyzing the conceptual features of aircraft design as part of a collective rescue system (CRS). It is shown that the exclusion of the contact zone of the emergency plane with the ground will allow to qualitatively and quantitatively increase the safety of passengers and crew. The structural decomposition made it possible to identify the place of collective rescue systems in the structure of the aircraft. A procedural decomposition is given, which allows structural assembly of aircraft units and systems. A phased program for studying the problem of implementing collective rescue is given by the example of a light aircraft of vertical takeoff and landing. An example of the implementation of a collective rescue system is shown.
Methodical approach to evaluating the effectiveness of electronic counter-countermeasures to airborne interference stations in aerial combat
Authors: SEMENENKO Oleh M. , DOBROVOLSKYI Uzef B. , SLIUSARENKO Maryna O. , ZVARYCH Svitlana S. , ZVARYCH Anatolii O.
Published: July 2020

Modern active jamming stations reduce the chance of aircraft getting hit by missiles with active and semi-active homing heads during aerial combat by 40-60%. The active development of airborne electronic countermeasures equipment forces to look for ways and means to not only protect against them, but also to actively counter these means, the so-called electronic counter-countermeasures. Nowadays, there are several methods of electronic counter-countermeasures to the enemy airborne active jamming stations, but the sequence and conditions of their application are not defined. Therefore, the paper proposes to determine the features of the application of three methods of electronic counter-countermeasures and to develop an algorithm for electronic counter-countermeasures against the enemy airborne active jamming stations in the conditions of creating polarization jamming of various kinds. The development of the algorithm allows to evaluate the efficiency of the application of electronic counter-countermeasures based on performance indicators of the functioning of an airborne targeting radar.
International experience in organizing international air service
Authors: SHAI Roman Ya. SHAI , STRYBKO Tetiana I. , ZABOLOTNA Nataliya Ya.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the article is to study the effectiveness of regulation and practice of organizing international air transport service, analysis of tendencies and prospects for the development of a regulatory framework on a global scale. The basic elements and acts of international legal regulation of air transportation at the international level are identified. The relevance and the need to include Ukraine in the international legal framework in the air service industry were proved. The levels of state regulation of air transport are outlined. A comparative analysis of the regulatory support of the air industry in Ukraine and in other countries is performed. The level of Ukraine’s inclusion in the international legal scope of regulation of air transport space and the main achievements in this process are estimated. The applied value of the work is to develop priority areas for the implementation of Ukrainian legislation to international air service standards, an algorithm of actions for signing an agreement on collaborative airspace.
Analytical study of joint heat transfer between a gasdynamic boundary layer and an anisotropic strip
Authors: ZIN HEIN Thant , GARIBYAN Boris A. , VAKHNEEV Sergey N. , TUSHAVINA Olga V. , FORMALEV Vladimir F.
Published: July 2020

When solving the problems of coupled heat transfer between viscous flows and streamlined bodies under the conditions of aerodynamic heating of aircraft, it is necessary to overcome significant difficulties. They associated primarily with determining the boundary conditions. The paper investigates the joint (coupled) heat transfer between a heat and gas dynamic boundary layer and an anisotropic strip under conditions of aerodynamic heating based on the obtained analytical solution of the second initial boundary value problem of thermal conductivity in an anisotropic strip with arbitrary boundary conditions. Since the system of equations of the gasdynamic boundary layer is essentially nonlinear, mainly numerical methods are used to solve it. For an incompressible boundary layer near the critical point of a blunt wedge, an analytical solution is obtained to determine the components of the velocity vector, density, temperature, and heat fluxes. The closed-form solution to the conjugate problem was received in the form of a Fredholm integral equation of second kind. The results of numerical experiments are obtained and analyzed.
Propagation of orbital angular momentum modes carried by hollow vortex Gaussian beams in anisotropic atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Hu Zonghua , Liu Huilong , Xia Jing , He Aga , Du Zhenhua , Li Yuzhao , Li Zeyu , Chen Tingting , Li Hongbo , Lü Yanfei
Published: July 2020

We establish the propagation model of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes carried by hollow vortex Gaussian (hvG) beams propagating in anisotropic atmospheric turbulence. Effects of light source parameters and atmospheric conditions on the OAM mode propagation performance are investigated in detail. The findings indicate the hvG beam with a smaller OAM quantum number, a larger beam order, or a longer source wavelength has more robust resistance to atmospheric turbulence interference. The waist width of the light source has different influences on the OAM mode propagation at different propagation distances. Atmospheric turbulences with larger values of anisotropy, inner-scale factor, non-Kolmogorov power spectrum index, and altitude are favorable for the OAM mode propagation. These research results are conducive to optimizing the design of light sources and space wireless communication systems with hvG beams.
Analytical model for monochromator performance characterizations under thermal load
Authors: Qu Zhengxian , Ma Yanbao , Zhou Guanqun , Wu Juhao
Published: July 2020

Non-uniform thermal load causes performance degradation of crystal X-ray optics. With the development of high-brightness X-ray free-electron lasers, the thermal load on X-ray optics becomes even more severe. To mitigate the thermal load, a quantitative understanding of thermal effects on the optical performance is necessary. We derived an analytical model for monochromator performance under a non-uniform thermal load. This analytical model quantitatively describes the distortion of the rocking curve and attributes different contributions to different factors of thermal load. It provides not only monochromator design insights and considerations, but also a quick estimation of the rocking curve distortion due to thermal load for practical situations such as pump-probe experiments.
Virtual-block-array phase analysis for distributed acoustic sensors with a high signal-to-noise ratio reconstruction waveform
Authors: Ma Zhe , Jiang Junfeng , Liu Kun , Wang Shuang , Chen Wenjie , Zhang Yongning , Xu Tianhua , Niu Panpan , Wang Shuanghao , Liu Tiegen
Published: July 2020

A virtual-block-array phase analysis method is proposed for the fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensor. The sensing fiber is divided into a serial of discrete virtual blocks according to the pulse spatial length. The phase variation caused by acoustic events is obtained by combining the operation of the temporal differential process between traces and local spatial average in virtual blocks. The linear frequency-modulated probe pulse produces phase compensation effects at the event location. High signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurement is verified by simulation and experiment. The reconstructed waveform of 1.5 kHz sinusoidal signal showed a root mean square error of 0.0359 and an SNR of 47.28 dB.
All-THz pump-probe spectroscopy of the intersubband AC-Stark effect in a wide GaAs quantum well
Authors: Schmidt Johannes , Winnerl Stephan , Dimakis Emmanouil , Hübner René , Schneider Harald , Helm Manfred
Published: July 2020

We report the observation of the intersubband AC-Stark effect in a single wide GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. In a three-level configuration, the n = 2 to n = 3 intersubband transition is resonantly pumped at 3.5 THz using a free-electron laser. The induced spectral changes are probed using THz time-domain spectroscopy with a broadband pulse extending up to 4 THz. We observe an Autler-Townes splitting at the 1 − 2 intersubband transition as well as an indication of a Mollow triplet at the 2 − 3 transition, both evidencing the dressed states. For longer delay times, a relaxation of the hot-electron system with a time constant of around 420 ps is measured.
Modeling of an X-ray grating-based imaging interferometer using ray tracing
Authors: Wilde Jeffrey P. , Hesselink Lambertus
Published: July 2020

X-ray imaging by means of a grating-based Talbot-Lau interferometer has become an important tool for a wide variety of application areas such as security, medical and materials analysis. Imaging modalities include attenuation, differential phase contrast, and visibility contrast (or so-called dark field). We have developed a novel modeling approach based on ray tracing with commercially available software (Zemax OpticStudio) that yields image projections for all three modalities. The results compare favorably with experimental findings. Our polychromatic ray-based model accommodates realistic 3-D CAD objects with tailored materials properties and also allows for both surface and bulk scattering. As such, the model can simulate imaging of complicated objects as well as assist in a physical understanding of experimental projection details.
All-optical label-free human breast tissue block histology using photoacoustic remote sensing
Authors: Abbasi Saad , Dinakaran Deepak , Bigras Gilbert , Mackey John R. , Haji Reza Parsin
Published: July 2020

The direct imaging of tissue preserved in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks remains a challenge. There are presently millions of tissues preserved as FFPE blocks whose assessment via bright-field microscopes requires them to be sectioned and subsequently stained. These processes are laborious, resource-intensive, and time consuming. In this Letter, we utilize an ultraviolet laser with photoacoustic remote sensing to provide a novel method that enables direct label-free pathological assessment of FFPE blocks. We demonstrate the efficacy of this technique by imaging human breast tissue, highlighting salient features such as ducts, adipocytes, and ductal hyperplasia. This direct imaging of FFPE blocks facilitates pathological assessment much earlier in the histopathological workflow, saving valuable time in clinical and research settings. The presented non-contact label-free reflection-mode device enables augmentation of existing histopathological workflows and aims to expand the arsenal of imaging technologies available to clinicians.
Silicon integrated microwave photonic beamformer
Authors: Zhu Chen , Lu Liangjun , Shan Wensheng , Xu Weihan , Zhou Gangqiang , Zhou Linjie , Chen Jianping
Published: July 2020

Optical beam-forming networks (OBFNs) based on optical true-time delay lines (OTTDLs) are well known as the promising candidate for solving the bandwidth limitation of traditional electronic phased array antennas (PAAs) due to beam squinting. Here we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first monolithic

1
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8

microwave photonic beamformer, based on switchable OTTDLs on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The chip consists of a modulator, an eight-channel OBFN, and eight photodetectors, thus including hundreds of active and passive components in total. It has a wide operating bandwidth from 8 to 18 GHz, which is almost two orders larger than that of electronic PAAs. The beam can be steered to 31 distinguishable angles in the range from

−

75.51

∘

to 75.64°, based on the beam pattern calculation with the measured radiofrequency response. The response time for beam steering is 56 µs. These results represent a significant step toward the realization of integrated microwave photonic beamformers that can satisfy compact-size and low-power consumption requirements for the future radar and wireless communication systems.