bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination of the effect of ginger and anti‐inflammatory diet on children with obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kamari Negin , Moradinazar Mehdi , Qasemi Mahmoud , Khosravy Tina , Samadi Mehnoosh , Abdolahzad Hadi
Published: January 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease in children. Following earlier reports on an increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity, NAFLD is now becoming increasingly common in children. Although no definitive cure exists, early management, early diagnosis, and treatment can reduce its complications. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the combination of ginger and an anti‐inflammatory diet (AID) in children with obesity on fatty liver management. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 160 children with obesity aged 8–11 years, with a mean (SD) weight of 65.01 (9.67) kg, mean (SD) height of 139.87 (7.37) cm, and mean (SD) body mass index of 33.40 (5.59) kg/m2. The study duration was 12 weeks. Children were divided into four groups: ginger (G), AID, ginger plus an AID (GPA), and control. Ginger capsules comprised 1000 mg of ginger, whereas the AID comprised fruits and vegetables, fish, turkey, and chicken (without skin) with lean meat, omega‐3 sources, nuts, legumes, probiotic products, and elimination of inflammatory food. Following the intervention, serum fasting blood sugar and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels were significantly decreased in the AID (p = .006 and .002, respectively), G (p = .04 and <.001, respectively), and GPA (p <.001 in both cases, respectively) groups. Further, in the G and GPA groups, there was a significant decrease in body mass index (p = .04 in both cases, respectively), waist circumference (p = .009 and .003, respectively), waist‐to‐height ratio (p = .02 and .005, respectively), alanine aminotransferase (p = .004 and <.001, respectively), total cholesterol (p = .0002 and .0001, respectively) and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (p < .001 and <.001, respectively). Eventually, serum aspartate aminotransferase was decreased (p < .001) and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (p = .03) was increased significantly in the GPA group. As a main finding of this study, hepatic steatosis significantly decreased in the G and GPA groups. Ginger supplementation can effectively improve NAFLD in children, and its effectiveness was further increased when combined with an AID.
Degradation‐Resistant Hypoxia Inducible Factor‐2α in Murine Osteocytes Promotes a High Bone Mass Phenotype
Authors: Mendoza Sarah V. , Murugesh Deepa K. , Christiansen Blaine A. , Genetos Zoe O. , Loots Gabriela G. , Genetos Damian C. , Yellowley Clare E.
Published: January 2023

Molecular oxygen levels vary during development and disease. Adaptations to decreased oxygen bioavailability (hypoxia) are mediated by hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) transcription factors. HIFs are composed of an oxygen‐dependent α subunit (HIF‐α), of which there are two transcriptionally active isoforms (HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α), and a constitutively expressed β subunit (HIFβ). Under normoxic conditions, HIF‐α is hydroxylated via prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins and targeted for degradation via Von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL). Under hypoxic conditions, hydroxylation via PHD is inhibited, allowing for HIF‐α stabilization and induction of target transcriptional changes. Our previous studies showed that Vhl deletion in osteocytes (Dmp1‐cre; Vhlf/f) resulted in HIF‐α stabilization and generation of a high bone mass (HBM) phenotype. The skeletal impact of HIF‐1α accumulation has been well characterized; however, the unique skeletal impacts of HIF‐2α remain understudied. Because osteocytes orchestrate skeletal development and homeostasis, we investigated the role of osteocytic HIF‐α isoforms in driving HBM phenotypes via osteocyte‐specific loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α mutations in C57BL/6 female mice. Deletion of Hif1a or Hif2a in osteocytes showed no effect on skeletal microarchitecture. Constitutively stable, degradation‐resistant HIF‐2α (HIF‐2α cDR), but not HIF‐1α cDR, generated dramatic increases in bone mass, enhanced osteoclast activity, and expansion of metaphyseal marrow stromal tissue at the expense of hematopoietic tissue. Our studies reveal a novel influence of osteocytic HIF‐2α in driving HBM phenotypes that can potentially be harnessed pharmacologically to improve bone mass and reduce fracture risk. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Social acceptance from peers and youth mentoring: Implications for addressing loneliness and social isolation
Authors: Fallavollita Westley L. , Lyons Michael D.
Published: January 2023

Youth mentoring may be able to support lonely and socially isolated youth. This study examined the association between participating in youth mentoring programs and mentee perception of social acceptance from peers. Regression models considered the association between mentoring and peer social acceptance in terms of demographics, program features, and baseline peer relationship quality for 693 youth from 27 mentoring programs. The construct validity of a social acceptance scale was explored. The scale suggested two factors of peer social acceptance. No significant changes in peer social acceptance were observed before and after participating in mentoring programs. Trends in social acceptance indicated that positive/negative feelings in the mentor−mentee relationship were associated with positive/negative indicators of peer social acceptance. Mentoring programs may be able to help prevent loneliness and social isolation through positive aspects of the mentor−mentee relationships, but additional intervention activities are likely necessary to support lonely and socially isolated youth.
Albumin‐myosteatosis gauge as a novel prognostic risk factor in patients with non‐metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Kim Yerim , Lee Jae‐Hoon , Cho Eun‐Suk , Lee Hye Sun , Shin Su‐Jin , Park Eun Jung , Baik Seung Hyuk , Lee Kang Young , Kang Jeonghyun
Published: January 2023

Background

Myosteatosis and systemic inflammation are well‐known prognostic factors in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The serum albumin level is a reflection of malnutrition and systemic inflammation, which in turn plays a key role in the development of myosteatosis. However, few studies have been conducted on these synergistic effects. This study aimed to examine the individual and synergistic effects of different prognostic markers related to skeletal muscle quality and serum albumin levels in patients with CRC.

Methods

This study enrolled patients with stage I–III CRC who underwent surgical resection between July 2006 and February 2014. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) were calculated using computed tomography at the L3 level obtained within 2 months prior to surgery. The albumin‐myosteatosis gauge (AMG) was defined as SMD × albumin. Patients were divided into sex‐specific quartiles (G1 to G4) according to the AMG, and analysis of variance for continuous variables and chi‐square test for categorical variables were used to compare variables among quartiles. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed and integrated receiver operating characteristic curve (iAUC) analysis was used to compare the prognostic performance of SMD, albumin and AMG.

Results

Among the 906 participants, the median (interquartile) age was 64 (55–72) years, and 365 (40.3%) were female. AMG was significantly correlated with the occurrence of complications, albumin level, SMI and SMD (all P < 0.001). Overall survival (OS) differed significantly according to the AMG group, with 5‐year OS for G1–G4 being 73.4%, 86.2%, 91.1% and 95.5%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Although SMI, SMD, albumin and AMG were all significant individual prognostic markers of OS in the univariable analysis, AMG remained the only independent prognostic factor in the multivariable analysis (G1 vs. G2, P = 0.045, G1 vs. G3, P = 0.005, G1 vs. G4, P < 0.001, respectively). The iAUC value of AMG [0.681, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.638–0.723] was superior to that of SMD (0.610, 95% CI = 0.566–0.654) (bootstrap iAUC mean difference = 0.071, 95% CI = 0.034–0.106), SMI (0.551, 95% CI = 0.511–0.594) (bootstrap iAUC mean difference = 0.129, 95% CI = 0.076–0.181) and albumin (0.627, 95% CI = 0.585–0.668) (bootstrap iAUC mean difference = 0.053, 95% CI = 0.010–0.098).

Conclusions

In patients with stage I–III CRC, AMG is a meaningful predictor of survival, with superior prognostic value compared to SMI, SMD or albumin alone. Further studies are needed to determine their significance in different ethnic groups.
Microscopy‐based morphological characterization of rugose spiraling whitefly, (Aleurodicus rugioperculatusMartin)‐an exotic pest on coconut in India
Authors: Saneera Edayakkal , Raguraman Swaminathan , Kannan Malaichamy , Josephrajkumar Arulappan , Jeyarani Subramanian
Published: January 2023

Precise identification of exotic whiteflies is a prerequisite to curb the invasive potential on to a new geographical location and to evolve effective management strategies. Conventionally, whitefly taxonomy is based on the description of the fourth‐instar nymph or puparium, however, in the current investigation egg to adult morphology along with morphometrics of rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW),Aleurodicus rugioperculatusMartin was critically analyzed and various morphological characteristics were illustrated. The morphometric analysis revealed that in the immature life stages of the pest, the length: width ratio decreased with each successive life stage, such as the egg, first, second, third, and fourth instar (2.472 ± 0.071, 1.913 ± 0.020, 1.550 ± 0.045, 1.297 ± 0.034, and 1.174 ± 0.058 mm), respectively. Across different nymphal instars, the shape of lingula was greatly modified from tongue‐like to triangle‐shaped. The number and distribution of compound pores also vary among the different nymphal stages. The ultra‐structures of the antenna through electron‐microscopy depicted finer details of sensory cones. The modulation in the shape and the structural arrangement of microtrichia on the plate was illustrated. The study indicated accurate diagnosis of various stages of RSW for effective interception of goods at quarantine stations and thus preventing the entry of exotic pests into the country.

Research Highlights

Microscopy‐based (light and scanning electron microscopy) morphological characterization of rugose spiraling whitefly, (Aleurodicus rugioperculatusMartin).
Morphogenetic events influencing corneal maturation, development, and transparency: Light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Ibrahim Nagwa , Hifny Abdalla , Elhanbaly Ruwaida , El‐Desoky Sara M. M. , Gaber Wafaa
Published: January 2023

The development of the cornea is a fascinating process. Its dual origin involves the differentiation of surface ectoderm cells and the migration of mesenchymal cells of neural crest origin. This research aimed to demonstrate the morphogenesis of the rabbit cornea from fetal to postnatal life using light‐ and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical analysis. There were 27 rabbit embryos and nine rabbits used. The rabbit cornea begins its prenatal development on the twelfth day of gestation. The surface ectoderm differentiates into the corneal epithelium on day 13. Intriguingly, telocytes were visible within the epithelium. The secondary stroma develops on the sixteenth day of gestation by differentiation of keratocytes. At the age of 2 weeks, the lamellae of collagenous fibers become highly organized, and the stroma becomes avascular, indicating that the cornea has become transparent. Bowman's membrane appears on day 23 of pregnancy and disappears on day 30. The Descemet's membrane appears at this time and continues to thicken postnatally. The corneal endothelium appears on the twentieth gestational day as double layer of flattened cells and becomes a single layer of cuboidal cells on day 30. The spaces between the endothelial cells resemble craters. VEGF immunohistochemical expression increases over the course of development, reaching its peak in the first week after birth before decreasing in all corneal layers and becoming negative in the stroma. In conclusion, numerous morphogenetic events contribute to corneal maturation and transparency, allowing the cornea to perform its vital functions.
Scanning electron microscopy study of the antennal sensilla of cob borer, Stenachroia elongella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Nonglait Kasomhung Chanreila Lyngdoh , Das Khirod Sankar , Marwein Cynthia Bansara , Kharthangmaw Joycy Mary , Choudhury Sudipta
Published: January 2023

Stenachroia elongella is an important pest of maize in Meghalaya, India. To understand the roles of sensory organs in the biological behaviors of this insect, we determined the structure and distribution of sensilla found on the antenna of both male and female S. elongella by scanning electron microscope. The antenna of both sexes is a filiform type, and the overall length of the female antenna is significantly longer than the male antenna. In both sexes, seven types and two subtypes of antennal sensilla are identified; sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla auricillica (I, II), sensilla squamiformia and Böhm sensilla. No sexual dimorphism on the specific occurrence of sensilla is observed. Probable functions are discussed based on their external morphology. These results would be helpful for further studies on TEM investigations, electrophysiological recordings, and behavioral studies.

Research Highlights

Seven types and two subtypes of antennal sensilla were observed in both male and female Stenachroia elongella.

Morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla were discussed.

Sexual dimorphism was observed on the overall length of the antenna where the female antenna is longer than the male antenna. No sexual dimorphism was observed on specific occurrences of antennal sensilla.
Hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome caused by biallelic SLC25A36 mutation
Authors: Safran Amit , Proskorovski‐Ohayon Regina , Eskin‐Schwartz Marina , Yogev Yuval , Drabkin Max , Eremenko Ekaterina , Aharoni Sarit , Freund Ofek , Jean Matan M. , Agam Nadav , Hadar Noam , Loewenthal Neta , Staretz‐Chacham Orna , Birk Ohad S.
Published: January 2023

Hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome has been known to be caused by dominant gain‐of‐function mutations in GLUD1, encoding the mitochondrial enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase. Pathogenic GLUD1 mutations enhance enzymatic activity by reducing its sensitivity to allosteric inhibition by GTP. Two recent independent studies showed that a similar HI/HA phenotype can be caused by biallelic mutations in SLC25A36, encoding pyrimidine nucleotide carrier 2 (PNC2), a mitochondrial nucleotide carrier that transports pyrimidine and guanine nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane: one study reported a single case caused by a homozygous truncating mutation in SLC25A36 resulting in lack of expression of SLC25A36 in patients' fibroblasts. A second study described two siblings with a splice site mutation in SLC25A36, causing reduction of mitochondrial GTP content, putatively leading to hyperactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase. In an independent study, through combined linkage analysis and exome sequencing, we demonstrate in four individuals of two Bedouin Israeli related families the same disease‐causing SLC25A36 (NM_018155.3) c.284 + 3A > T homozygous splice‐site mutation found in the two siblings. We demonstrate that the mutation, while causing skipping of exon 3, does not abrogate expression of mRNA and protein of the mutant SLC25A36 in patients' blood and fibroblasts. Affected individuals had hyperinsulinism, hyperammonemia, borderline low birth weight, tonic–clonic seizures commencing around 6 months of age, yet normal intellect and no significant other morbidities. Chronic constipation, hypothyroidism, and developmental delay previously described in a single patient were not found. We thus verify that biallelic SLC25A36 mutations indeed cause HI/HA syndrome and clearly delineate the disease phenotype.
Twelve‐month clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes in patients hospitalized for SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia
Authors: Bongiovanni Marco , Barilaro Giuseppe , Bini Francesco
Published: January 2023

To assess long‐term clinical, radiological, and functional follow‐up of patients hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pneumonia of different grades of severity. Two‐hundred‐thirty and three patients (Group 1, patients needed invasive mechanical ventilation, n = 69; Group 2, patients needed noninvasive mechanical ventilation, n = 78; Group 3, patients needed <12 L/min of O2 supply, n = 96) with a postdischarge follow‐up >12 months were studied. Follow‐up visits, chest computed tomography (CT) scan and pulmonary function tests (diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide [DLCO], 6‐min walking tests [6MWT], spirometry) were done at 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Male sex was more frequent in Group 1 (n = 50, 72.5%) compared with Group 2 (n = 49, 62.5%) and Group 3 (n = 44, 51.2%), p = 0.024. Group 2 patients had more comorbidities and higher BMI compared with others. At Month 12, the main reported symptoms were fatigue (mainly in Group 3) and dyspnea; most symptoms resolved during follow‐up, except brain fog, memory loss, and anosmia/dysgeusia that, when present at Month 3, usually persisted at Month 12. DLCO and 6MWT normalized at Month 12 in almost all patients. Only nine patients (13%) in Group 1 had a normal chest CT at Month 12, while 20 (29%) had >3 abnormalities, compared with 14 (17.9%) in Group 2 and 11 (11.4%) in Group 3, respectively (p = 0.04). Different clinical symptoms persist up to 12 months in patients hospitalized for SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia. Despite the persistence of abnormalities at chest CT scan after 12 months, an impairment of pulmonary function persists only in a minority of subjects. A longer follow‐up is needed to assess the evolution of radiological abnormalities in COVID‐19 population.
Inhibition of PIKFYVE kinase interferes ESCRT pathway to suppress RNA virus replication
Authors: Luo Zhen , Liang Yicong , Tian Mingfu , Ruan Zhihui , Su Rui , Shereen Muhammad Adnan , Yin Jialing , Wu Kailang , Guo Jun , Zhang Qiwei , Li Yongkui , Wu Jianguo
Published: January 2023

Endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is essential in the functional operation of endosomal transport in envelopment and budding of enveloped RNA viruses. However, in nonenveloped RNA viruses such as enteroviruses of the Picornaviridae family, the precise function of ESCRT pathway in viral replication remains elusive. Here, we initially evaluated that the ESCRT pathway is important for viral replication upon enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection. Furthermore, we discovered that YM201636, a specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE finger containing (PIKFYVE) kinase, significantly suppressed EV71 replication and virus‐induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, YM201636 inhibits PIKFYVE kinase to block the ESCRT pathway and endosomal transport, leading to the disruption of viral entry and replication complex in subcellular components and ultimately repression of intracellular RNA virus replication and virus‐induced inflammatory responses. Further studies found that YM201636 broadly represses the replication of other RNA viruses, including coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), poliovirus 1 (PV1), echovirus 11 (E11), Zika virus (ZIKV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), rather than DNA viruses, including adenovirus 3 (ADV3) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Our findings shed light on the mechanism underlying PIKFYVE‐modulated ESCRT pathway involved in RNA virus replication, and also provide a prospective antiviral therapy during RNA viruses infections.
A rigid double‐tailed surfactant preparation method and its application in clean fracturing fluid
Authors: Hu Dengping , Wang Rungang , Liu Boying , Bai Xingjia , Zhu Lin
Published: January 2023

Using 1,8‐dihydroxynaphthalene, thionyl chloride and long‐chain tertiary amine as the main raw materials, a facile preparation method and formulation of a rigid double‐tailed surfactant for clean fracturing fluid were developed. The temperature resistance test and the determination of hydrogen spectrum reveal that the clean fracturing fluid with the prepared surfactant as thickener has excellent salt and temperature resistance. The shear viscosity of the best product at 120°C and 170 s−1 is not less than 65 mPa s, which meets the requirements of 25 mPa s for the field construction of clean fracturing fluid.
Fatigue in Long‐Term Head and Neck Cancer Survivors From Diagnosis Until Five Years After Treatment
Authors: Berg Malin , Silander Ewa , Bove Mogens , Johansson Leif , Nyman Jan , Hammerlid Eva
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Fatigue due to cancer is a challenging symptom that might be long‐lasting after cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to follow the development of fatigue among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients prospectively and longitudinally and to analyze predictors for acute and chronic fatigue.

Methods

HNC patients treated with curative intent were included at diagnosis and completed the following questionnaires multiple times, up to 5 years after treatment: the EORTC QLQ‐FA12 for fatigue, EORTC QLQ‐C30, and HNC‐specific EORTC QLQ‐H&N35 together with an anxiety and depression questionnaire. Predictors of fatigue were evaluated at 3 months and 5 years after treatment.

Results

Of the 311 study participants, 74% responded at the 5‐year follow‐up. Physical fatigue was significantly worse 3 months after treatment, while emotional and cognitive fatigue were the worst at diagnosis and at 3 months. All fatigue domains were significantly better after 1 year, and the fatigue scores remained stable from 1 until 5 years after treatment. Three months after chemoradiotherapy, physical fatigue was more significant, but no long‐term differences due to treatment modalities were found. Depression and anxiety were predictors for chronic emotional fatigue, and local HN pain and swallowing problems were predictors for chronic physical fatigue. Better global quality of life at diagnosis was associated with less physical and emotional fatigue.

Conclusion

Fatigue was worst in the short term for HNC patients and improved after 1 year, and long‐term fatigue remained stable up to 5 years after treatment. A few predictors for chronic fatigue were found.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:2211–2221, 2023
Relative importance of influencing factor‐driven soil enzyme activity during the early plantation stage in the hilly‐gully Loess regions
Authors: Wu Huifeng , Hu Baoan , Cheng Xiaoqin , Kang Fengfeng , Han Hairong
Published: January 2023

Widespread and rapid land‐use changes have changed the ecosystem structure and threatened soil functions. Soil enzymes are the important driving force and sensitive indicators for soil ecological function. However, the effect of afforestation on soil enzyme activity and the relative importance of the influencing factors (plants, soil, structure, and nutrition) are still inconclusive, especially in the early stage of afforestation. Here, the enzymatic activities and influencing factors of five types of plantations (18 years old) and natural grassland topsoil (0–20 cm) in the hilly‐gully region of the Loess Plateau were studied. The results showed that the soil enzyme activity of the plantations was significantly lower than that of the natural grassland, and the activities of invertase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase were decreased by 32%, 26%, and 10% on average, respectively. Partial correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis showed that the influence of soil and nutrient factors on invertase and alkaline phosphatase was more important than that of plant and structural factors, while urease was more influenced by plant and nutrition factors. Our results suggest that soil and nutrient characteristics were important factors affecting soil enzyme activity in plantations, but the disturbance of vegetation may be the main reason for the decrease in enzyme activity in the early stage of restoration.
Two sisters with cardiac‐urogenital syndrome secondary to pathogenic splicing variant in the MYRF gene with unaffected parents: A case of gonadal mosaicism?
Authors: Slaba Katerina , Jezova Marta , Pokorna Petra , Palova Hana , Tuckova Jana , Papez Jan , Prochazkova Dagmar , Jabandziev Petr , Slaby Ondrej
Published: January 2023

Background

Cardiac‐urogenital syndrome [MIM # 618280] is a newly described very rare syndrome associated with pathogenic variants in the myelin regulatory factor (MYRF) gene that leads to loss of protein function. MYRF is a transcription factor previously associated only with the control of myelin‐related gene expression. However, it is also highly expressed in other tissues and associated with various organ anomalies. The clinical picture is primarily dominated by complex congenital cardiac developmental defects, pulmonary hypoplasia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and urogenital malformations.

Case Presentation

We present case reports of two siblings of unrelated parents in whom whole‐exome sequencing was indicated due to familial occurrence of extensive developmental defects. A new, previously undescribed splicing pathogenic variant c.1388+2T>G in the MYRF gene has been identified in both patients. Both parents are unaffected, tested negative, and have another healthy daughter. The identical de novo event in siblings suggests gonadal mosaicism, which can mimic recessive inheritance.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first published case of familial cardiac‐urogenital syndrome indicating gonadal mosaicism.
A universal UHF near‐field RFID reader antenna with wide bandwidth and adjustable reading area
Authors: Ye Xiaohui , Liu Qiang , Zhang Chen , Li Guolin , Du Guangxing , Cheng Dong
Published: January 2023

A universal ultrahigh‐frequency (UHF) near‐field radio‐frequency identification (RFID) reader antenna with wide bandwidth and adjustable reading area is proposed in this letter. The antenna consists of an inverting power splitter base on double‐sided parallel stripline and adjustable traveling‐wave near‐field radiation units, which consists of two symmetrical meander microstrips and a complementary open resonant ring loaded on the ground plane. A design example with three radiation units is simulated, fabricated, and tested for verification. The result indicates that the proposed antenna has the 10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 128%, which completely covers the universal UHF RFID band from 840 to 960 MHz. The 100% read–write rate is achieved within the read–write distance of 10 mm according to the reading test. The reading area of 731 × 120 mm2 can be obtained for increasing the number of radiation units to 10. Moreover, the antenna features low far‐field gain, low‐cost, strong and uniform magnetic field distribution. Therefore, the proposed antenna and design method have good application prospects in the Internet of Things.
Deep compressed sensing MRI via a gradient‐enhanced fusion model
Authors: Dai Yuxiang , Wang Chengyan , Wang He
Published: January 2023

Background

Compressed sensing has been employed to accelerate magnetic resonance imaging by sampling fewer measurements. However, conventional iterative optimization‐based CS‐MRI are time‐consuming for iterative calculations and often share poor generalization ability on multicontrast datasets. Most deep‐learning‐based CS‐MRI focus on learning an end‐to‐end mapping while ignoring some prior knowledge existed in MR images.

Purpose

We propose an iterative fusion model to integrate the image and gradient‐based priors into reconstruction via convolutional neural network models while maintaining high quality and preserving the detailed information as well.

Methods

We propose a gradient‐enhanced fusion network (GFN) for fast and accurate MRI reconstruction, in which dense blocks with dilated convolution and dense residual learnings are used to capture abundant features with fewer parameters. Meanwhile, decomposed gradient maps containing obvious structural information are introduced into the network to enhance the reconstructed images. Besides this, gradient‐based priors along directions X and Y are exploited to learn adaptive tight frames for reconstructing the desired image contrast and edges by respective gradient fusion networks. After that, both image and gradient priors are fused in the proposed optimization model, in which we employ the l2‐norm to promote the sparsity of gradient priors. The proposed fusion model can effectively help to capture edge structures in the gradient images and to preserve more detailed information of MR images.

Results

Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms several CS‐MRI methods in terms of peak signal‐to‐noise (PSNR), the structural similarity index (SSIM), and visualizations on three sampling masks with different rates. Noteworthy, to evaluate the generalization ability, the proposed model conducts cross‐center training and testing experiments for all three modalities and shares more stable performance compared than other approaches. In addition, the proposed fusion model is applied to other comparable deep learning methods. The quantitative results show that the reconstruction results of these methods are obviously improved.

Conclusions

The gradient‐based priors reconstructed from GFNs can effectively enhance the edges and details of under‐sampled data. The proposed fusion model integrates image and gradient priors using l2‐norm can effectively improve the generalization ability on multicontrast datasets reconstruction.
Current state and guidance on arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI in clinical neuroimaging
Authors: Lindner Thomas , Bolar Divya S. , Achten Eric , Barkhof Frederik , Bastos‐Leite António J. , Detre John A. , Golay Xavier , Günther Matthias , Wang Danny J. J. , Haller Sven , Ingala Silvia , Jäger Hans R. , Jahng Geon‐Ho , Juttukonda Meher R. , Keil Vera C. , Kimura Hirohiko , Ho Mai‐Lan , Lequin Maarten , Lou Xin , Petr Jan , Pinter Nandor , Pizzini Francesca B. , Smits Marion , Sokolska Magdalena , Zaharchuk Greg , Mutsaerts Henk J. M. M. ,   on behalf of the ISMRM Perfusion Study Group
Published: January 2023

This article focuses on clinical applications of arterial spin labeling (ASL) and is part of a wider effort from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Perfusion Study Group to update and expand on the recommendations provided in the 2015 ASL consensus paper. Although the 2015 consensus paper provided general guidelines for clinical applications of ASL MRI, there was a lack of guidance on disease‐specific parameters. Since that time, the clinical availability and clinical demand for ASL MRI has increased. This position paper provides guidance on using ASL in specific clinical scenarios, including acute ischemic stroke and steno‐occlusive disease, arteriovenous malformations and fistulas, brain tumors, neurodegenerative disease, seizures/epilepsy, and pediatric neuroradiology applications, focusing on disease‐specific considerations for sequence optimization and interpretation. We present several neuroradiological applications in which ASL provides unique information essential for making the diagnosis. This guidance is intended for anyone interested in using ASL in a routine clinical setting (i.e., on a single‐subject basis rather than in cohort studies) building on the previous ASL consensus review.
Multi‐echo dipole inversion for magnetic susceptibility mapping
Authors: Kames Christian , Doucette Jonathan , Rauscher Alexander
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Reconstructing tissue magnetic susceptibility (QSM) from MRI phase data involves solving multiple consecutive ill‐posed inverse problems such as phase unwrapping, background field removal, and field‐to‐source inversion. Multi‐echo acquisitions present an additional challenge, as the magnetization field is typically computed from the multiple phase data prior to reconstructing the susceptibility map. Processing the multiple phase data introduces errors during the field estimation, violating assumptions of the subsequent inverse problems, manifesting as streaking artifacts in the susceptibility map. To address this challenge, we propose a multi‐echo field‐to‐source forward model that forgoes the field estimation step. Moreover, we propose a fully general underestimation correction step to recover susceptibility sources that were regularized away during the field‐to‐source inversion.

Methods

The multi‐echo forward model and correction step were validated on the QSM Challenge 2.0 datasets and compared to the standard single field‐to‐source model in in vivo human brains using different types of deconvolution algorithms.

Results

On the QSM Challenge 2.0 datasets the multi‐echo forward model and correction step attain state‐of‐the‐art results on all metrics by a wide margin. Experiments in in vivo brains show that the multi‐echo model is in agreement with the single field‐to‐source model and that the proposed forward model and correction step can be used with any available dipole inversion method.

Conclusion

A multi‐echo field‐to‐source forward model forgoes the need to fit multi‐echo phase data and achieves state‐of‐the‐art results on the QSM Challenge 2.0 data. Underestimated low‐frequency susceptibility distributions can be partially recovered using a correction step.
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic cystectomy with non‐continent urinary diversion for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: Midterm outcomes
Authors: Calën Laura , Mesnard Benoît , Hedhli Oussama , Broudeur Lucas , Reiss Bénédicte , Loubersac Thomas , Branchereau Julien , Baron Maximilien , Rigaud Jérôme , Le fort Marc , Perrouin‐Verbe Brigitte , Le Normand Loïc , Lefevre Chloé , Perrouin‐Verbe Marie‐Aimée
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess midterm functional outcomes and complications of robot‐assisted laparoscopic cystectomy with non‐continent urinary diversion in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.

Materials and Methods

We performed a retrospective single center study including all patients who underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic cystectomy with non‐continent urinary diversion between January 2008 and December 2018 for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Perioperative data, early and late complications, reoperation rate, renal function, and patient satisfaction (PGI‐I) were evaluated.

Results

One hundred and forty patients were included (70 multiple sclerosis, 37 spinal cord injuries, 33 others) with a median follow‐up of 29 months (12−49). The main indication for surgery was an inability to perform intermittent self‐catheterization (n = 125, 89%). The early complication rate (<30 days) was 41% (n = 58), including 72% (n = 45) minor complications (Clavien I−II) and 29% (n = 17) major complications (Clavien III−V). Three patients died in the early postoperative period. Late complications appear in 41% (n = 57), with 9% (n = 13) being ureteroileal anastomotic stricture. The overall reintervention rate was 19% (n = 27), mainly for lithiasis surgery. Pre‐ and postoperative renal function were comparable. Most of patients reported an improvement in their quality of life following their surgery (PGI‐I 1−2).

Conclusion

Robot‐assisted laparoscopic cystectomy with non‐continent urinary diversion may be of particular interest in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction who are unable to benefit from conservative treatment, as it provides midterm protection of the upper urinary tract and an improvement in quality of life.
Influence of workplace stress and social support on humanistic caring ability in Chinese nurses
Authors: Dong Faqin , Huang Weiping , Chu Chunfei , Lv Lu , Zhang Min
Published: January 2023

Aim

This study aimed to examine the relationships between how workplace stress and social support affect the level of humanistic caring ability in Chinese nurses.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

The sample consists of 675 nurses working in major hospitals in China. Participants completed a set of self‐reported measures, including the humanistic caring ability scale (HCAS), the Chinese nurse workplace stressor scale (CNWSS), the Chinese nurse stress response scale (CNSRS), and the Chinese nurse social support scale (CNSSS). Pearson's correlation analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were performed to investigate the relationships among studied variables.

Results

The result showed that HCAS was negatively correlated with CNWSS (r = −0.427, p < 0.01) and CNSRS (r = −0.480, p < 0.01), and was positively correlated with CNSSS (r = 0.363, p < 0.01). Furthermore, a final model was conducted in which CNWSS has a strong direct effect on CNSRS (β = 0.54, p < 0.01) and an indirect effect on HCAS (β = −0.138, p < 0.01), which was mediated by CNSRS and CNSSS.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1/glucagon receptor agonism associates with reduced metabolic adaptation and higher fat oxidation: A randomized trial
Authors: Corbin Karen D. , Carnero Elvis A. , Allerton Timothy D. , Tillner Joachim , Bock Christopher P. , Luyet Pierre‐Philippe , Göbel Britta , Hall Kevin D. , Parsons Stephanie A. , Ravussin Eric , Smith Steven R.
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study tested the hypothesis that treatment with the glucagon‐like peptide‐1/glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899 would lead to a smaller decrease in sleeping metabolic rate (SMR; kilocalories/day) than expected from the loss of lean and fat mass (metabolic adaptation).

Methods

This Phase 1b, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study was conducted at two centers in inpatient metabolic wards. Thirty‐five healthy males and females with overweight and obesity (age = 36.5 ± 7.1 years) were randomized to a calorie‐reduced diet (−1000 kcal/d) and escalating doses (0.06‐0.2 mg/d) of SAR425899 (n = 17) or placebo (n = 18) for 19 days. SMR was measured by whole‐room calorimetry.

Results

Both groups lost weight (−3.68 ± 1.37 kg placebo; −4.83 ± 1.44 kg SAR425899). Those treated with SAR425899 lost more weight, fat mass, and fat free mass (p < 0.05) owing to a greater achieved energy deficit than planned. The SAR425899 group had a smaller reduction in body composition‐adjusted SMR (p = 0.002) as compared with placebo, but not 24‐hour energy expenditure. Fat oxidation and ketogenesis increased in both groups, with significantly greater increases with SAR425899 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

SAR425899 led to reduced selective metabolic adaptation and increased lipid oxidation, which are believed to be beneficial for weight loss and weight‐loss maintenance.
Association between classes and subclasses of polyphenol intake and 5‐year body weight changes in theEPIC‐PANACEAstudy
Authors: Castañeda Jazmin , Gil‐Lespinard Mercedes , Almanza‐Aguilera Enrique , Llaha Fjorida , Gómez Jesús‐Humberto , Bondonno Nicola , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Katzke Verena , Schulze Matthias B. , Masala Giovanna , Agnoli Claudia , Santucci de Magistris Maria , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Skeie Guri , Brustad Magritt , Lasheras Cristina , Molina‐Montes Esther , Chirlaque María‐Dolores , Barricarte Aurelio , Sonestedt Emily , da Silva Marisa , Johansson Ingegerd , Hultdin Johan , May Anne M. , Forouhi Nita G. , Heath Alicia K. , Freisling Heinz , Weiderpass Elisabete , Scalbert Augustin , Zamora‐Ros Raul
Published: January 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations among the intake of total polyphenols, polyphenol classes, and polyphenol subclasses and body weight change over 5 years.

Methods

A total of 349,165 men and women aged 25 to 70 years were recruited in the Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out of Home and Obesity (PANACEA) project of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort from nine European countries. Body weight was measured at baseline and at follow‐up after a median time of 5 years. Polyphenol intake, including four main polyphenol classes and eighteen subclasses, was estimated using validated dietary questionnaires and Phenol‐Explorer. Multilevel mixed linear regression models were used to estimate the associations.

Results

Participants gained, on average, 2.6 kg (±5.0 kg) over 5 years. Total flavonoids intake was inversely associated with body weight change (−0.195 kg/5 years, 95% CI: −0.262 to −0.128). However, the intake of total polyphenols (0.205 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.138 to 0.272) and intake of hydroxycinnamic acids (0.324 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.267 to 0.381) were positively associated with body weight gain. In analyses stratified by coffee consumption, hydroxycinnamic acid intake was positively associated with body weight gain in coffee consumers (0.379 kg/5 years, 95% CI: 0.319 to 0.440), but not in coffee nonconsumers (−0.179 kg/5 years, 95% CI: −0.490 to 0.133).

Conclusions

Higher intakes of flavonoids and their subclasses are inversely associated with a modest body weight change. Results regarding hydroxycinnamic acids in coffee consumers require further investigation.
Outcomes of Mesh Cranioplasty in Scalp‐Free Tissue Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Chang Katherine W. , Zhong Lydia M. , Lee David S. , Puram Sidharth V. , Jackson Ryan S. , Yaeger Lauren H. , Pipkorn Patrik
Published: January 2023

Objective

To systematically review the literature to determine the prevalence and risk of the free flap and postoperative complications in scalp‐free tissue reconstruction with synthetic mesh cranioplasty.

Data Sources

Search strategies created with a medical librarian were implemented using multiple databases in May 2021.

Review Methods

Two reviewers independently performed the review, data extraction, and quality assessment. Cohort studies of patients with scalp‐free tissue reconstruction with or without mesh cranioplasty were included. Studies that did not report whether mesh was used or did not separate outcomes by mesh use were excluded. The primary outcomes were free flap failure and postoperative complications. A random‐effects model was used for the meta‐analysis to estimate prevalence and prevalence ratios (PRs).

Results

A total of 28 studies and 440 cases of scalp‐free tissue reconstruction were included. The pooled prevalence of free flap failures and postoperative complications in patients with mesh cranioplasty was estimated at 7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3%‐17%;p = .85,I2 = 0%) and 21% (95% CI, 14%‐31%;p = .44,I2 = 0%), respectively. In a subgroup analysis, mesh cranioplasty was not associated with a significantly increased risk of free flap failure or postoperative complications when compared to cases without mesh cranioplasty; pooled PR 1.21 (95% CI, 0.50‐2.88;p = .90,I2 = 0%) for free flap failure and PR 1.85 (95% CI, 0.89‐3.85;p = .28, I2 = 19) for postoperative complications.

Conclusion

Synthetic mesh cranioplasty does not significantly increase the risk of free flap compromise or postoperative complications. A higher prevalence of postoperative recipient site complications was observed in patients with mesh cranioplasty.
Sharing Lessons Learned on Lead Service Line Inventories
Authors: Glover Megan
Published: January 2023

Water utilities should act now to inventory their service line materials and ensure compliance with the US Environmental Protection Agency's Lead and Copper Rule Revisions.
Survey Reveals Water Sector Challenges, Best Practices
Authors: Lydon Sharon
Published: January 2023

A recent survey revealed common concerns among water utilities: staying up‐to‐date with technology, handling supply chain issues and pricing, and managing workforce concerns. Implementing best practices can help address these challenges.
Evaluate pH and Alkalinity Targets to Help Control Corrosion
Authors: Sullivan Laurie , Roth Damon , Tracy Erin
Published: January 2023

A recent water treatment facility upgrade assessment included a thorough engineering analysis that compared three lime feed options based on corrosion control immersion testing results.
The viewer doesn't always seem to care—response to fake animal rescues on YouTube and implications for social media self‐policing policies
Authors: Harrington Lauren A. , Elwin Angie , Paterson Suzi , D'Cruze Neil
Published: January 2023

Animal‐related content on social media is hugely popular but is not always appropriate in terms of how animals are portrayed or how they are treated. This has potential implications beyond the individual animals involved, for viewers, for wild animal populations, and for societies and their interactions with animals.

Whilst social media platforms usually publish guidelines for permitted content, enforcement relies at least in part on viewers reporting inappropriate posts. Currently, there is no external regulation of social media platforms.

Based on a set of 241 ‘fake animal rescue’ videos that exhibited clear signs of animal cruelty and strong evidence of being deliberately staged (i.e. fake), we found little evidence that viewers disliked the videos and an overall mixed response in terms of awareness of the fake nature of the videos, and their attitudes towards the welfare of the animals involved.

Our findings suggest, firstly, that, despite the narrowly defined nature of the videos used in this case study, exposure rates can be extremely high (one of the videos had been viewed over 100 million times), and, secondly, that many YouTube viewers cannot identify (or are not concerned by) animal welfare or conservation issues within a social media context.

In terms of the current policy approach of social media platforms, our findings raise questions regarding the value of their current reliance on consumers as watch dogs.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Ti(OBu)4 in combination with Sn(Oct)2: An efficient catalyst system for high molecular weight poly(butylene succinate) synthesis
Authors: Savitha K. S. , Senthil Kumar M. , Jagadish R. L.
Published: January 2023

A new mild and efficient tin and titanium based catalyst combination have been explored for the synthesis of high molecular weight poly(butylene succinate). The new catalyst system is found to be more efficient and hydrolytically—as well as thermally—stable even at 250°C. Additionally, this new catalyst system is capable of producing very high molecular weight poly(butylene succinate) polymer in good yield even at lower temperatures.