bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Germination and Growing Temperature on Flowering of Six Cultivars of Annual Statice (Limonium cv.)1
Authors: Semeniuk Peter , Krizek Donald T.
Published: August 2022

The influence of 3 germination temperature (16/13°, 21/18°, and 27/24°C day/night) and 2 growing temp (24/16° and 26/24°C day/night) on flowering in 6 cultivars of annual statice (Limonium cv.) grown under long days was determined over a 24-week period. When grown at 24/16°C nearly all of the plants produced a visible flower stalk irrespective of the germination temp. Flowering percentages at 26/24°C varied greatly, depending upon the cultivar and the germination temp. When grown at a temp of 26/24°C, the percentage of ‘Blue Bonnet’ flowering was low regardless of the germination temp. However, the percentage of ‘Midnight Blue’, ‘Iceberg’, and ‘Twilight Lavender’ plants flowering at a growing temp of 26/24°C was higher following germ temp of 16/13° or 21/18°C. ‘Gold Coast’ flowered irrespective of temp treatment. Except for ‘Gold Coast’, plants grown at 24/16°C generally had the earliest and greatest number of mature flower stalks, and the highest flower stage. Thus, growing temp appears to be the chief determinant of flowering in annual statice.
Female Flower Induction on Androecious Cucumber, Cucumis sativus L.1
Authors: Augustine J. J. , Baker L. R. , Sell H. M.
Published: August 2022

Ethephon applied as a foliar spray caused an androecious (all-male) line of Cucumis sativus L. to produce pistillate flowers analogous to those of monoecious phenotypes. The degree of conversion depended on the concentration of ethephon and stage of growth at the time of application. In the greenhouse, a concentration of 50 ppm applied at the 3- or 4-leaf stage was the best treatment for induction of pistillate flowers without marked inhibition of growth.
Postharvest Effects of Freezing on Apples1
Authors: Bir R. E. , Bramlage W. J.
Published: August 2022

Intact, mature apple (Malus pumila, Mill. cv. Richared Delicious) fruit exhibited 2 exotherms, at −2.1 ± 0.1°C and at −4.7 ± 0.3° during freezing. Freezing only through Exotherm 1 caused fruit softening. Freezing to inception of Exotherm 2 caused increased softening, and also slightly increased ion leakage. Freezing to termination of Exotherm 2 produced a 3rd increment of softening, greatly increased ion leakage, and reduced respiration. Only with freezing through termination of Exotherm 2 did visual injury symptoms occur; these symptoms were evident several hours after thawing, and apparently reflected lethal injury to the fruit. Injury was no greater after 3 months than after 1 month of storage at 0° following freezing.
Factors Influencing Dehardening and Rehardening of Forsythia x intermedia Stems1,2,3
Authors: Hamilton David F.
Published: August 2022

Hardiness of stems of Forsythia x intermedia Zabel growing outdoors was determined from November 1970 through April 1971. At different times in winter, stem pieces from plants were subjected to different time-temperature combinations to determine the requirements for dehardening and rehardening.

Once dormancy had been broken, the temperature and exposure required for significant dehardening decreased, reaching a minimum in late winter. The daily duration of low temperature required to prevent dehardening increased after dormancy was broken, but was constant throughout the remainder of winter. Stems failed to reharden beyond the level of hardiness found following dehardening, but before any exposure to low temperature.
Endogenous Plant Growth Substances in Developing Fruit of Prunus cerasus L. II. Levels of Extractable para Coumaric Acid in the Pericarp1
Authors: Rudnicki Ryszard , Hammond R. K. , Bukovac M. J.
Published: August 2022

An inhibitor of wheat coleoptile elongation and cress seed germination was isolated from the pericarp of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) fruit and identified as para coumaric acid (PCA). PCA was present in the free acid and bound forms. The concentration of PCA remained relatively constant (10 to 16 μg g dry weight−1) during fruit development. The bound form, with one exception, was present at the highest concentration during Stage II. On a per fruit basis, the free and bound PCA increased progressively with fruit development. PCA was an effective activator of IAA-oxidase also isolated from the cherry fruit pericarp. The possible role of PCA in fruit growth is discussed.
Cold Acclimation in ‘Red Delicious’ Apple Trees Under Natural Conditions During Four Winters1
Authors: Ketchie D. O. , Beeman C. H.
Published: August 2022

Cold resistance of current season shoots and trunk bark of ‘Red Delicious’ apple trees were compared with seasonal temperature through 4 winters. Cold resistance was measured by electrolytic conductance and recorded as T10 and T90. There was correlation between cold resistance and the temperature during 7 days preceding cold acclimation measurement. Sustained temperature below 0°C increased cold resistance more than did very low temperature interrupted by short periods above freezing.
Brown Stain Susceptibility of Selected Lettuce Cultivars Under Controlled Atmospheres and Temperatures1,2
Authors: Brecht Patrick , Morris Leonard , Cheyney Charles , Janecke David
Published: August 2022

Laboratory tests of 11 cultivars of crisphead type lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) indicated all were susceptible to brown stain. Susceptibility varied among cultivars, with ‘Great Lakes 66’, ‘Calmar’, ‘Valrio’, ‘Merit’ and ‘Great Lakes R-200’ the most susceptible and ‘Greenland’, ‘Climax’ and ‘Francisco’ the least affected. Storage temperature markedly influenced brown stain incidence: lettuce held at 0°C developed more brown stain than that held at 2.5°C. Development of the disorder required that lettuce be subjected to elevated CO2 in storage. Brown stain incidence for a given cultivar varied with date of harvest and production area.
Effect of 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic Acid on Bitter Pit and Calcium Accumulation in ‘Northern Spy’ Apples1
Authors: Oberly G. H.
Published: August 2022

Spraying ‘Northern Spy’ apple trees with 50 ppm TIBA 2 weeks after petal fall reduced the accumulation of Ca in the fruit and increased the amount of bitter pit. The greatest incidence of bitter pit was associated with the Ca content of the fruit during the middle of the growing season. Calcium accumulated rapidly during the period of cell division and seed development, and again 2 to 3 weeks before harvest. The late influx of Ca may explain the development of less bitter pit in storage in late harvested apples than in apples harvested immature.
Heterogeneous Price Behavior Among Seasons for Texas Early Spring Onions
Authors: Shafer Carl E.
Published: August 2022

Fresh vegetable crops are subject to wide variations in season's average prices. Managing supply so as to obtain desired price levels requires some knowledge of price-supply relations both for season's average prices and weekly price levels. Season's average prices for onions are aggregate values determined by short-term prices which may vary daily during the marketing season. In the case of early spring onions, the intraseasonal or short-term price equations were less suitable than the season's average price models in terms of explaining price behavior. Heterogeneous price behavior among seasons persisted due to factors not captured in the specified intraseasonal relations. Within season price equations, incorporating multiseason data should be examined on a season by season basis to ascertain their reliability. Total supply variables introduced into the weekly equations explained much of the difference in price levels among seasons. Such equations can be useful to decision makers in making intraseasonal temporal supply allocations if combined with qualitative information and experience regarding the marketing of the crop in question.
The Effect of High Temperature on Pollen Tube Growth of Snake Melon and Cucumber1
Authors: Matlob Adrian N. , Kelly William C.
Published: August 2022

The optimum temperature for pollen tube growth in vitro was 32°C for 4 cultivars of snake melon (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus Naud.) and 21°C for ‘Biet Alpha’ cucumber (C sativus L.) regardless of plant growing temperature and season under which the pollen developed. The temperature range for cucumber pollen was 10 to 43°C; for snake melon pollen, 10 to 48°C.

Studies in vivo with fluorescence microscopy of flowers from plants grown in greenhouses at 27/21 and 38/27°C showed that the pollen tube growth of snake melon was similar at both temperatures, However, pollen tube growth in cucumber flowers grown at 38/27°C was slower than in flowers grown at 27/21°C.

Temperature responses of pollen tubes in excised flowers incubated at various temperatures differed from those in culture media. Growth of ‘Biet Alpha’ cucumber pollen tubes increased with temperature to a maximum at 32°C but no growth occurred at 38°C. The fastest pollen tube growth of ‘Mosuli’ snake melon occurred at 38°C. Observations at 43°C were limited by rapid deterioration of the excised flowers. Excised flowers examined with the fluorescence microscope provide a convenient technique to study pollen in vivo and the results can be applied to field conditions more confidently than results from in vitro studies.
Evaluation of Viability Tests for Cold Stressed Plants1
Authors: Stergios Basil G. , Howell Gordon S.
Published: August 2022

The reliability and convenience of 5 viability tests were evaluated. Growth and tissue browning were the most reliable tests, but they required considerable time and were qualitative. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction and specific conductivity were satisfactory for grape, but TTC was not as reliable as specific conductivity for cherry and raspberry. Neither test proved satisfactory for strawberry.

A second exotherm always indicated living stems and the absence of a second exotherm accurately predicted stem death. Freezing curves for raspberry showed the stems to be 5 degrees hardier than the control growth tests indicated.
Cherry Fruit Abscission: Effect of Growth Substances, Metabolic Inhibitors and Environmental Factors1
Authors: Wittenbach V. A. , Bukovac M. J.
Published: August 2022

Physiological parameters of abscission at the zone between the pedicel and fruit of the sour (Prunus cerasus L. ‘Montmorency’) and sweet (Prunus avium L. ‘Windsor’) cherry were investigated using fruit explants. 3-Indoleacetic acid, 2-(chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), gibberellin A3, and abscisic acid hastened abscission (during Stage III) in sour cherry, while only ethephon enhanced abscission in the sweet cherry. Cycloheximide blocked abscission in both sour and sweet cherry and negated the effect of ethephon. Explants prepared from fruits during various stages of development exhibited a differential response to ethylene. Abscission in the sour cherry was enhanced by increasing temperature and was greater in dark than in light, while both high CO2 and low O2 levels delayed abscission.
Foliage Canopy Development of ‘Mcintosh’ Apple Hedgerows in Relation to Mechanical Pruning, the Interception of Solar Radiation, and Fruiting1
Authors: Cain John C.
Published: August 2022

The percentage of solar radiation passing through the foliage canopy of ‘Mcintosh’ hedgerows, A) pruned annually by cutterbar and B) pruned by slotting saw, was measured continuously from pre-bloom until the completion of foliage growth in late July. Assuming the spur leaf canopy (Sp), emerges first and virtually completes growth before the shoot leaf canopy (Sh), emerges, the relative extent of Sp and Sh, and their respective interception of radiation is calculated at approximately 4-day intervals during the growing season. Even though A produced more total foliage and intercepted more total radiation, the spurs of B produced more flowers and more fruit. Spur leaf canopy B intercepted more solar radiation because of less shading by Sh. The maximum ratio Sh/Sp for adequate illumination of Sp is estimated to be about .8. The relative importance of sunlight on Sp and the time of interception of light during the growing season in relation to flower bud initiation and fruit development are discussed.
The Influence of Sugars on Growth and Cold Acclimation of Excised Stems of Red-osier Dogwood1,2
Authors: Fuchigami L. H. , Weiser C. J. , Richardson D. G.
Published: August 2022

Excised Cornus stolonifera Michx. stems cultured axenically in a liquid medium were acclimated to cold when subjected to short photoperiods and low temperatures. Foliate explants acclimated effectively and defoliated ones did not when they were cultured on White's medium which contained 0.083 M sucrose. Several other concentrations of sugars (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 M glucose and 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 M sucrose) did not enhance cold acclimation of foliated explants. The exogenously supplied sugars reduced stem growth, promoted leaf abscission, and enhanced the development of typical autumnal red coloration in leaves and stems. The highest sugar concentration (0.5 M glucose) caused death of the explants.

While a minimal level of photosynthate (sugar) is almost certainly required for the active metabolic phases of cold acclimation in hardy woody species, our studies provided no evidence that sugars bear a direct causal relationship to cold acclimation.
Copper Toxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris L. as Influenced by Iron Nutrition. III. Partial Alleviation by Succinic Acid 2,2-dimethyl hydrazide1
Authors: Daniels Roland R. , Struckmeyer B. Esther
Published: August 2022

Severe chlorosis of leaves and cellular disruption and distortion in the roots usually associated with Cu toxicity were absent from plants grown in solution culture with high Cu (0.50 ppm) to which succinic acid 2,2-dimethyl hydrazide (SADH) was added. The presence of either SADH or EDTA in the nutrient solutions increased the Fe concentration in the roots and shoots; a synergistic effect appeared when the compounds were combined. Plants grown with EDTA had lower Cu levels in the shoots and roots than those grown without EDTA. Although SADH alone had no effect on Cu concentrations, SADH and EDTA together, caused low concentrations in the roots regardless of the Cu level in the nutrient solution.
The Oil and Protein in Nuts of Macadamia tetraphylla L. Johnson, Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, and Their F1 Hybrid1
Authors: Saleeb W. F. , Yermanos D. M. , Huszar C. K. , Storey W. B. , Labanauskas C. K.
Published: August 2022

Oil, corresponding in amount to 6-14% of the original nut weight, was extracted from intact macadamia kernels by immersing them in petroleum ether for 48 hours at room temperature. Drying the extracted nuts in a vented oven at 55°C for 24 hours removed the odor and taste of the solvent and their flavor seemed to equal or excel that of nonextracted nuts. Oil thus recovered and marketed could provide additional revenue to the macadamia industry. Nuts of M. tetraphylla and of M. integrifolia were equal in oil content (74.9%) with an iodine value of 71.8 and 75.4, respectively. Macadamia oil had outstanding stability. The 8 major fatty acids in the oil and their mean percentages in the 2 species and their F1 and F2 hybrids were: myristic (0.60), palmitic (8.7), palmitoleic (22.1), stearic (3.6), oleic (59.1), linoleic (1.8), arachidic (2.2), and eicosenoic (1.5). The mean protein content in the lipid free meal of the parental and F1 populations was 36.5%. Arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and leucine made up about 52% of total amino acids recovered in each of the 2 species and the F1 generation.
Factors Affecting Evaluation of Fruitworm Resistance in the Tomato1
Authors: Fery Richard L. , Cuthbert Frank P.
Published: August 2022

Twenty-two tomato accessions, representing a range of observed reactions to the tomato fruitworm, were evaluated for associations between certain varietal characteristics and plant resistance. Genes controlling vine size had a large pleiotropic effect on fruit worm resistance. Vine size was negatively correlated with fruitworm damage and accounted for 61.2% of the variation among accessions. Highly significant differences between accessions in damaged fruits, which ranged from 31.4 to 75.3% of the fruitload, disappeared when the data were adjusted for vine size. Earliness was also significantly associated with damage, but this resulted entirely from the association of earliness with vine size. No associations were found between 3 other varietal characteristics and fruitworm damage.

Preharvest counts of rotten fruits were essential for efficient single-harvest screening of tomato accessions for fruitworm damage.
Evaluation of Quality of Pecans in Retail Markets1
Authors: Williams F. W. , LaPlante M. G. , Heaton E. K.
Published: August 2022

Pecan-halves available to consumers in retail stores frequently failed to meet high quality standards. Excessive small pieces was the most common defect. When all USDA grading criteria were considered, 50.6% of pecan-half samples failed to meet U. S. No. 1 standards.

On a hedonic scale of 1 to 10, the average panel rating score of pecan halves was 6.42 based on flavor, appearance, aroma, color, and texture. The score of samples purchased in the Southeast and Northeast was significantly higher than that of samples purchased in the Midwest. Over all geographic regions, there was no significant difference in the ratings of ‘Stuart’ and seedlings. ‘Stuart’ rated higher than mixed cultivars at the 0.1% level of probability. Seedlings rated significantly higher than mixed cultivars. There were no significant relationships between ratings and the time of year samples were purchased or the brand of pecans.

The moisture content, a factor influencing the quality of pecan halves, varied from 6.4% to 2.3%.
Induction of Autocatalytic Ethylene Production in Apple Fruits by Propylene in Relation to Maturity and Oxygen1
Authors: Sfakiotakis Evangelos M. , Dilley D. R.
Published: August 2022

Ethylene and other olefinic compounds cause apples and other climacteric fruits to ripen. Propylene, which fruits do not produce, was employed to determine, 1) the stage of maturity apples must attain to autocatalytically produce ethylene, and 2) the effect of O2 tension on autocatalysis. ‘Red Delicious’ apples harvested at developmental stages representing 52, 58, 65, and 75% of maturity were gassed with propylene at concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 ppm for 1 week at 20°C. Propylene induced ethylene synthesis at all stages of maturity. Its ability to stimulate ethylene production, however, increased progressively with fruit maturation, although rate of production following treatment with 500 ppm propylene was constant. A shorter lag time to the onset of autocatalytic production was observed in more mature fruits which reflects a natural increase in sensitivity. Propylene administered at 6.5% O2 or less did not induce ethylene production, but an anaerobic atmosphere was necessary to completely inhibit ethylene synthesis in fruits once autocatalysis began.
The Effect of Composition of the Atmosphere and Duration of Exposure on Brown Stain of Lettuce1,2
Authors: Brecht Patrick E. , Kader Adel A. , Morris Leonard L.
Published: August 2022

The severity of brown stain on crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cvs. Calmar and Great Lakes 118) held at 0° or 2.5°C for 10 days increased with increasing CO2 (1 to 5%) and decreasing O2 (21 to 1%) levels. Very slight or no brown stain developed on lettuce subjected to 0, 1, or 2% CO2 in combination with 10 or 21% O2 for 10 days or on that held in 2.5 or 5% CO2 + 2% O2 for 4 days at 2.5°C. In 2.5 or 5% CO2 + 2% O2, brown stain intensified with duration of exposure (2 to 30 days) at 0° or 2.5°C.
Investigations of Internal Bark Necrosis in ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees1
Authors: Crocker Timothy E. , Kenworthy A. L.
Published: August 2022

In 4 experiments conducted to study internal bark necrosis (IBN) in apple, ‘Delicious’ trees were treated with Mn, Fe, Cu, and Al (100 and 200 ppm in nutrient solution), Mn, Fe, Cu, plus Al (50 ppm each) and a minus B treatment. Only trees receiving Mn and minus B developed IBN symptoms. Trees grown under normal and low levels of Ca and receiving variable concentrations of Mn (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) developed IBN in proportion to Mn concentration. Spur-type and standard ‘Delicious’ trees did not differ in IBN severity. Bark samples with IBN symptoms, when analyzed on the electron microprobe x-ray analyzer, had greater Mn and Ca concentrations in necrotic tissue areas than in non-necrotic areas. IBN lesions induced with minus B had a higher Ca concentration in necrotic areas than in healthy tissue
Residual Effects of Summer Applications of Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethylhydrazide on ‘McIntosh’ Apple Trees1
Authors: Southwick F. W. , Lord W. J. , Greene D. W. , Cromack L. G.
Published: August 2022

Residual effects of single applications of 1000 and 2000 ppm succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) in mid-July or mid-August, 1969, were determined. Mid-August treatment of 2000 ppm SADH inhibited June drop, depressed fruit size and increased fruit set; but it did not affect flowering, seed content and viability during June drop, preharvest drop, flesh firmness, or yield in 1970. Flowering and yield were often reduced in 1971 where SADH was applied in 1969. The results suggest that under some circumstances the residual effects of SADH may tend to induce biennial bearing of ‘McIntosh’ apple trees.
Effects of Genetic Parthenocarpy and Gynoecious Flowering Habit on Fruit Production and Growth of Cucumber Cucumis sativus L.1
Authors: Denna D. W.
Published: August 2022

Genetically parthenocarpic cultivars produced significantly less fruit fresh weight when pollinated than without pollination. The development of seed was found to have a dual effect on the development of fruit tissue. In terms of percentage dry weight, seed was produced at the expense of fruit tissue, but from the standpoint of percentage fresh weight, seed development stimulated fruit tissue development.

Cucumbers appeared to possess a regulatory mechanism that limits the percentage dry weight that can be devoted to fruit and seed production. Seed dry weight accumulated at the expense of fruit rather than vine dry weight. The presence of fruit was observed to have an inhibitory effect on vine growth that was greater when the fruit contained seed than when it did not. Gynoecious flowering habit, compared to monoecious, did not increase the production of mature fruit.

The combination of parthenocarpy, gynoecious flowering, small mature fruit size, and perhaps determinate growth, should help maximize fruit production under a single harvest regime, produce a high fruit to vine ratio, and provide flexibility in harvest timing. The results may apply to other crops where the fruit is harvested in a relatively mature state and where the seed constitutes a substantial proportion of the dry weight.
Relations of Respiration and Ethylene Production to Maturity in the Watermelon1
Authors: Mizuno Susumu , Pratt Harlan K.
Published: August 2022

The watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mats, and Nak.] is a climacteric fruit when harvested at 30 to 50 days after anthesis. At 20 days the fruit is too immature and at 60 days too overmature to show this pattern. An increase in ethylene production is associated with the respiratory peak and final senescence. Initiation of increased respiration occurred about 53 days after anthesis and final senescence at 70 to 74 days, regardless of age at harvest. Optimum harvest maturity occurs at about 45 days, when the fruit is still preclimacteric.
Differential item functioning across gender with MIMIC modeling: PISA 2018 financial literacy items
Authors: SAATÇİOĞLU Fatıma Münevver
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of DIF over the gender variable with the latent class modeling approach. Data were 953 students from the USA who participated in the PISA 2018 8th-grade financial literacy assessment. Latent class analysis (LCA) approach was used to determine the latent classes and the data fit the three-class model better in line with fit indices. To obtain more information about the characteristics of the emerging classes, uniform and non-uniform DIF sources were determined by using the Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model. The findings are very important in terms of contributing to the interpretation of latent classes. According to the results, the gender variable is a potential source of DIF for latent class indicators. Gathering unbiased estimates for the measurement and structural parameters, it is important to include direct effects in the classes. Ignoring these effects can lead to incorrect determination of implicit classess. An example of the application of Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model showed in a latent class framework with a stepwise approach with this study.
The role of individual differences on epistemic curiosity (EC) and self-regulated learning (SRL) during e-learning: the Turkish context
Authors: AKGÜN Ergün , MEDE Enisa , SARAC Seda
Published: August 2022

This study aims to examine the relations and associations between gender, epistemic curiosity (EC), self-regulated learning (SRL), and attitudes toward e-learning in higher education students. The participants were 2438 (862 males, 1576 females) undergraduate students enrolled in a Turkish university. The regression analysis findings showed that although the effect size was low, attitudes towards e-learning can be predicted significantly by gender, EC, and SRL. Datasets are further analyzed using data mining. The findings of the association rule mining revealed that gender plays an influential role. Several association rules among EC, SRL, and attitudes towards e-learning were detected for female students. The results provide recommendations about using data mining as a statistical method in educational and psychological research.
Which scale short form development method is better? A Comparison of ACO, TS, and SCOFA
Authors: KOĞAR Hakan
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify which scale short-form development method produces better findings in different factor structures. A simulation study was designed based on this purpose. Three different factor structures and three simulation conditions were selected. As the findings of this simulation study, the model-data fit and reliability coefficients were reported for each factor structure in each simulation condition. All analyses were conducted under the R environment. According to the findings of this study, the increase in the level of misspecification and the decrease in the sample size can significantly affect the model-data fit. In a situation where the factor structure of the scale is getting more and more complex, model-data fit and Omega coefficients decrease. For scales with a unidimensional factor structure, all of the scale short-form development methods are recommended. For scales with multidimensional factor structure, Ant Colony Optimization, and Stepwise Confirmatory Factor Analysis algorithms and for scales with bifactor factor structure, the ACO algorithm is recommended. When viewed from the framework of metaheuristic algorithms, it has been identified that ACO produces better findings than Tabu Search.
Exploring how the use of a simulation technique can affect EFL students’ willingness to communicate
Authors: BİJANİ Houman , ABBASİ Masoumeh
Published: August 2022

This study is intended to explore an applicable and effective model of simulated situation for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners and also investigate the effects of the simulated environment on Willingness to Communicate (WTC) of the learners. To carry out this study, 300 elementary level EFL learners were chosen. A Key English Test (KET) was administered to ensure homogeneity on the learners. They were divided into two groups of experimental and control. A WTC questionnaire developed by Macintyre, Baker, Clement, and Conrod (2001) was used, after validation through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Modeling, as an instrument to obtain primary data. The results of Mann- Whitney U test revealed that simulated environment had positive effects on the participants’ WTC. The findings of this study suggest that understanding how a simulated environment affects EFL learners’ success in speaking proficiency can help institutes to provide such environments for EFL learners and instructors. This method can be presented at different levels of English proficiency. The focus of this study was mainly on speaking skill; therefore, similar studies can be conducted regarding other language skills, e.g., writing, listening and reading.
DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LIANESCENT AND HERBACEOUS SPECIES OF THE BINGERVILLE BOTANICAL GARDEN (SOUTH OF COTE DIVOIRE)
Authors:   Institute of Agropastoral Management, Peleforo GON COULIBALYUniversity, BP 1328 Korhogo (Cote dIvoire)., Fofana Seguena , Adama Silue Pagadjovongo ,   Plant BiologyDepartment, UFRBiological Sciences,Peleforo GON COULIBALYUniversity, BP 1328 Korhogo (Cote dIvoire)., Soro Dramane ,   Plant BiologyDepartment, UFRBiological Sciences,Peleforo GON COULIBALYUniversity, BP 1328 Korhogo (Cote dIvoire)., Soro Dodiomon ,   Natural Environments and Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, UFR Biosciences, Felix HouphouÃ«t-BoignyUniversity, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22 (Cote dIvoire).
Published: August 2022

A floristic study was carried out in the Bingerville botanical garden, an urban green space in the south of Cote dIvoire.The objective of this study is to determine the structure and ecological profile of the lianascent and herbaceous flora, for better management of the garden. The round-the-field inventory method was carried out in 29 plots on the site.The study identified 143 species, including 32 lianas and 111 herbaceous species. The flora is divided into 103 genera grouped into 45 families.The Poaceae and Fabaceae are the dominant families with a contribution of 16.78% and 10.49% respectively of the total species recorded.This flora is characterised by the predominance of phanerophytes with 46.15%, followed by therophytes with 20.98%.As regards chorological affinity, it is mainly composed of pantropical species (26.57%) and endemic species (33.57%), which account for more than half the species (61.14%).Zoochory (62.24%) was found to be the main adaptation to the spread of species diaspores.Heliophilous pioneer species (77.34%) make up the bulk of the plant community.The quantitative analysis of this flora reveals that six species constitute potential weeds that can be very common in the botanical garden.
IMPACT OF SELECTED ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST SPODOPTERALITTORALIS (BOISD.)
Authors: H. Abd El-Monem Ahmed Dina
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the potential of essential oils (EOs) of thyme (Thymusvulgaris Lamiaceae) and ginger (Zingiberofficinale Zingiberaceae) to control cotton leaf worm (Spodopteralittoralis Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)under the laboratory conditions.The nutritional indices of EO-treated S. littoralis larvae were reduced compared with the control. At the highest tested conc. of 90 % of ginger and thyme oils, CI values were significantly reduced compared with control being 1.87 and 2.02 vs 3.78 mg/day/mg, respectively. While GR values at the highest tested conc. of 90 % of ginger and thyme oils were 0.09 and 0.15 vs 0.29 % of control, respectively. Therefore, it concluded that ginger oil was more potent than thymeoil against S. littoralis larvae. Hence, these essential oils can be an alternative for management of cotton leaf worm and its related species.
Corporate social responsibility, electronic word-of-mouth and customer loyalty in Vietnam’s banking sector
Authors: Minh Sang Nguyen
Published: August 2022

This research explored and examined the link between electronic word-of-mouth, corporate social responsibility, and loyalty of 282 customers using banking services in Vietnam (PLS-SEM) through the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The data were gathered using convenience sampling, with a sample of 282 customers who used banking services in Vietnam and interacted with the bank through social media. The survey is intended to include 16 questions separated into two parts: the first part contains 5 demographic questions, and the second part contains 11 questions divided into three sets of factors: corporate social responsibility, electronic word-of-mouth, and loyalty. The survey was emailed to customers using banking services and interacting with banks via social media in Vietnam. According to the findings of the empirical study, there is a direct and indirect link between corporate social responsibility, electronic word-of-mouth, and customer loyalty in Vietnam’s banking sector. The results of empirical research in Vietnam’s banking industry indicate that corporate social responsibility has direct and positive impact on customer loyalty; corporate social responsibility has a direct and positive impact on customer’s word-of-mouth; electronic word-of-mouth has a direct and positive impact on customer loyalty; and finally, corporate social responsibility has an indirect impact on customer loyalty through customer’s electronic word-of-mouth.
AcknowledgmentThe author would like to thank all the customers who completed the survey. The author would like to thank all parties and the Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City for their excellent support and assistance in completing this research.
Changes in precipitation and discharge in a Mediterranean catchment as a response to climate change and human activities
Authors: Hrour Youness , Thomas Zahra , Fovet Ophélie , Sebari Karima , Rousseau-Gueutin Pauline
Published: August 2022

The Mediterranean region is considered to be highly affected by climate change with rainfall deficits leading to a significant decrease in river discharge. This study aims to assess the impacts of climate change on water resources in a Mediterranean catchment, namely the Bas-Loukkos catchment (Morocco), where pressure on the water resources is already present due to intensive hydro-agricultural development and is likely to increase. Mann–Kendall, Pettitt and Buishand tests were used to analyze trends and detect breakpoints in discharge and precipitation time series over the period 1960–2018. The precipitation–specific discharge relationships has been analysed by the double-mass curve (DMC). The analyses highlighted a decreasing trend in precipitation. A significant breakpoint was detected in early 1970s, with mean annual precipitation decreasing by 16–26% after this period. Discharge decreased by approximately 35% beginning in the late 1970s/early 1980s. The DMC showed different patterns between ‘undisturbed’ sub-catchments and two intensively managed sub-catchments. Wettest Mediterranean catchments are often considered as future water reservoirs to support part of the water needs in arid catchments. This study highlights that such catchments may already be impacted by climate changes, with discharge decreasing, and by water human activities that exert a major pressure on water resources.
Fundamentals of industrial communications in automation
Authors: Gómez Rojas Jorge , Moreno García Francisco Ernesto , Medina Delgado Byron
Published: August 2022

This book presents an integration between communication systems and its application to industrial systems. Thus, it contributes to academic training in an up-to-date and widely used environment in the industry.
COVID-19 Infection in Hemodialysis Patients, Incidence, Risk Factors and
Mortality. Single Centre Study
Authors: Ram Dileep Kumar Nanik , Gulzar Kashif , Alalawi Fakhriya , Ahmed Maseer , Manuel Rosa , Alhadari Amna
Published: August 2022

Background:

Hemodialysis patients are not only prone to acquire COVID-19 infection but also more likely to suffer a higher rate of morbidity and mortality.
This study aims to report the incidence and mortality rate of COVID-19 infection in our hemodialysis patients and to determine risk factors.

Methods:

This is an observational, retrospective study conducted in the dialysis unit of Dubai Hospital. Our target population was hemodialysis patients who
tested positive for COVID infection (PCR assay of the nasopharyngeal swab) from 1st April 2020 to 31st August 2021. Our primary outcome was to
study the mortality rate associated with COVID-19 infection in dialysis patients in Dubai hospital. Our secondary objectives were to study the
incidence and determine risk factors for the severity of infection. Patient demographics and clinical features were collected from medical record
software, i.e., EPIC. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate potential risk factors for mortality in our cohort.

Results:

72 out of 250 (28.8%) hemodialysis patients acquired COVID infection during the study period, the median age was 54.32 (15-93) years, and
56.94% (n=41) were male. The most common comorbid was hypertension (59.72%), while the main symptom at presentation was shortness of
breath (25%). One-third of patients required a different form of oxygen therapy, and 11.11% of patients were mechanically ventilated. The
mortality rate was 16.6%. High median age, ischemic heart disease, low absolute lymphocyte count, and high levels of ferritin, LDH, and
procalcitonin, as well as mechanical ventilation, were statistically significant risk factors associated with mortality.

Conclusion:

The overall outcome of COVID infection in our hemodialysis patients was better compared to the hemodialysis population from other parts of the
world.
Potential Role of SUMO and SUMOylation in the Pathogenesis of
Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sadeghi Mahvash , Dehnavi Sajad , Shohan Mojtaba , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: August 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and associated with multiple organ systems complications. The incidence and prevalence of diabetes are increasing in an epidemic proportion worldwide. In addition to environmental factors, some epigenetic and post-translational modifications have critical roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Reversible covalent modification such as SUMOylation by SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) has emerged as a new mechanism that affects the dynamic regulation of proteins. In this review, we initially focus on the function of SUMO and SUMOylation. Subsequently, we assess the potential effects of this process in the pathogenesis of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
Hymenoptera Venom Allergy and Anaphylaxis
Authors: Bilò Maria Beatrice , Martini Matteo , Danieli Maria Giovanna , Moroncini Gianluca
Published: August 2022

Hymenoptera stings can induce allergic and occasionally fatal reactions, and are responsible for significant
morbidity and deterioration in health-related quality of life. The diagnostic work-up must consider the
medical history of patients, in the context of venom allergy epidemiology and Hymenoptera taxonomy, and the
clinical manifestations of the reactions, to channel the available in vivo and in vitro tests towards the most accurate
diagnosis and the consequent appropriate management, also considering the risk profile of the patients on a
precision-medicine approach. All these aspects are covered by this work that aims at providing an up-to-date
review to increase the awareness of this topic among interested stakeholders, like healthcare professionals and
political decision makers, who can contribute to the proper immediate and long-term management of venom
allergy and anaphylaxis.
A Sciatic Neuralgia Case of an Entrapment Neuropathy Mimicking
Piriformis Syndrome Due to Soft Tissue Hemangioma
Authors: Arik Şeref Barbaros , Günaydin Elif
Published: August 2022

Background:

Lumbosacral pain is commonly seen in daily clinical practice. In fact, entrapment of the part of the sciatic nerve after the sacral foramen causes some of these pains, which should not be overlooked. The sciatic nerve may be compressed during its course after the sacral foramen for a variety of reasons. We aimed in this article to review extra-spinal compressive sciatic neuropathy reasons and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by presenting a sciatic neuralgia case of an entrapment neuropathy mimicking piriformis syndrome due to soft tissue hemangioma.

Case Presentation:

A 30-year-old male patient was admitted with complaints of lumbosacral pain
spreading to the leg that had been worsening over the previous 10 days. With the preliminary diagnosis
of labral damage and piriformis syndrome, the patient was referred to the radiology clinic for a hip
MRI. In the hip MR images, a mass lesion suggestive of heterogeneously enhanced soft tissue hemangioma
after the injection of paramagnetic contrast material was observed in the proximal left thigh.
The soft tissue hemangioma extends towards the obturator foramen and compresses the sciatic nerve
proximal to the femur after the sciatic foramen.

Conclusion:

The diagnosis of lower extremity entrapment neuropathy is frequently misdiagnosed. In these cases, MRI becomes more important for accurate diagnosis The radiologists' knowledge of the sciatic nerve in MRI, regional anatomy during the course of the sciatic nerve, and abnormal nerve imaging findings will aid in the diagnosis.
Influence of Morphology Change on Photoelectrochemical Activity of
Cerium Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: Padalkar Sonal , Fallatah Ahmad , Kuku Mohammed , De Penning Rebekah , Almomtan Mohammed
Published: August 2022

Aims:

Photocatalysis has become a crucial area in the field of energy generation

Background:

The conversion of solar energy into chemical or thermal energy for various energy related applications has taken precedence over many traditional research areas. Objective: The urgency to become independent of non-renewable energy resources is paramount due to issues of global warming.

Objective:

The urgency to become independent of non-renewable energy resources is paramount due to issues of global warming.

Method:

To that end, researchers are exploring various material systems, geometries and material combinations to obtain ideal photocatalysts for efficient solar conversion. Here, the nanostructures were fabricated via electrodeposition.

Results and Discussion:

The morphology was controlled by varying the concentration of chemical additive, namely dimethyl sulfoxide, during the deposition process. The morphology controlled cerium oxide nanostructures were thoroughly characterized and tested for their photoelectrochemical performances.

Conclusion:

Our present investigation contributes to this area of research by studying the influence of morphology on the photoelectrochemical activity of cerium oxide nanostructures.
Protein-Based Drug Delivery Nanomedicine Platforms: Recent Developments
Authors: Aljabali Alaa A.A. , Rezigue Meriem , Alsharedeh Rawan H. , Obeid Mohammad A. , Mishra Vijay , Serrano-Aroca Ángel , Tambuwala Murtaza M.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Naturally occurring protein cages, both viral and non-viral assemblies,
have been developed for various pharmaceutical applications. Protein cages are ideal platforms as
they are compatible, biodegradable, bioavailable, and amenable to chemical and genetic modification
to impart new functionalities for selective targeting or tracking of proteins. The ferritin/
apoferritin protein cage, plant-derived viral capsids, the small Heat shock protein, albumin,
soy and whey protein, collagen, and gelatin have all been exploited and characterized as drugdelivery
vehicles. Protein cages come in many shapes and types with unique features such as
unmatched uniformity, size, and conjugations.

Objectives:

The recent strategic development of drug delivery will be covered in this review,
emphasizing polymer-based, specifically protein-based, drug delivery nanomedicine platforms.
The potential and drawbacks of each kind of protein-based drug-delivery system will also be
highlighted.

Methods:

Research examining the usability of nanomaterials in the pharmaceutical and medical
sectors were identified by employing bibliographic databases and web search engines.

Results:

Rings, tubes, and cages are unique protein structures that occur in the biological environment
and might serve as building blocks for nanomachines. Furthermore, numerous virions
can undergo reversible structural conformational changes that open or close gated pores, allowing
customizable accessibility to their core and ideal delivery vehicles.

Conclusion:

Protein cages' biocompatibility and their ability to be precisely engineered indicate
they have significant potential in drug delivery and intracellular administration.
SEDDS Basic Design and Recent Formulation Advancement: A Concurrent
Review
Authors: Panigrahi K.C. , Patra C.N. , Rao M.E.B. , Jena G.K. , Sahoo L.
Published: August 2022

In the present scenario, lipid-based novel drug delivery systems are the area of interest for
the formulation scientist in order to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. A selfemulsifying
drug delivery system (SEDDS) upon contact with the gastrointestinal fluid, forms an o/w
emulsion. SEDDS has gained popularity as a potential platform for improving the bioavailability of
the lipophilic drug by overcoming several challenges. The various advantages like improved solubility,
bypassing lymphatic transport, and improvement in bioavailability are associated with SMEDDS or
SNEDDS. The extent of the formation of stable SEDDS depends on a specific combination of surfactant,
co-surfactant, and oil. The present review highlighted the different aspects of formulation design
along with optimization and characterization of SEDDS formulation. It also gives a brief description
of the various aspects of the excipients used in SEDDS formulation. This review also includes the
conflict between types of SEDDS based on droplet size. There is an extensive review of various research
regarding different solidification techniques used for SEDDS in the last three years.
A Comprehensive Review on the Medicinal Benefits of Honey with an Emphasis
on Unani Medicine
Authors: Husain Nazim , Khalid Mohd , Rahmatullah Md , Alam Abrar , Beg Mohd Uzair
Published: August 2022

Background:

Honey has been used medicinally in folk medicine since the dawn of civilization. It is a necessary component of medicine and food in a wide variety of cultures. It has been used in Unani Medicine for centuries to treat a variety of ailments.

Objective:

This review article aims to explore the medicinal characteristics of honey in view of Unani and modern concepts; to highlight its potential in the treatment of the ailments stated in Unani medical literature; and also to explore the relevant evidence-based phytochemistry, pharmacological, and clinical data.

Methods:

The authors searched classical texts exhaustively for information on the temperament (Mizāj), pharmacological activities, mechanism of action, and therapeutic benefits of honey. Additionally, a comprehensive search of internet databases was conducted to compile all available information on the physicochemical, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties of this compound.

Results:

Evidence suggests that honey contains about 180 different types of various compounds including carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, flavonoids, and other chemical substances. In Unani classical literature, it exerts important pharmacological actions besides its immense nutritional significance. Unani physicians advocated many tested/experimented prescriptions and formulations, which still have their relevance in the amelioration of various diseases.

Conclusion:

This analysis concludes that honey has been successfully utilized in Unani medicine for centuries to treat a variety of maladies and is a potential natural source of remedy for a variety of medical disorders. Future research on honey should include a combination of Unani and modern principles.