bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of chemical treatments on tensile strength and absorption ability of epoxy/natural fibers composites
Authors: Ahad N A , Mohamad Rosdi M H H , Yaacob N , Che Fauzi N H N , Zakaria S
Published: June 2020

Natural cellulose from agricultural waste, fruit skin, stalks, and so on is considered as recyclable and may have some potential as oil and water absorbent. Besides it is readily available and environmentally friendly it also inexpensive because they are waste, non-toxic and biodegradable. However, the natural fibres are hydrophilic in nature, so it tends to absorb water. Chemical treatments can usually overcome this problem. Usually, acid and alkali treatments are very popular among researchers. In this study, we focused on seeing the differences in natural treatment on acidic and alkaline using citric acid (vinegar) and sodium bicarbonate (soda) of certain three types of selected fibres. The 24 hrs treatments were studied on coconut coir, banana stem fiber and sugarcane bagasse. The tensile strength has been investigated and compared. All fibers were observed highest tensile strength after treated with alkali compared to acid. Treatment with alkali is more suitable for natural fiber in order to clean the fiber surface, thus help to get better fiber-matrix interaction. These are the reason of highest in tensile strength. Overall, the absorption of oil and seawater depends on the type of fibre itself. All treated fibers tend to absorb more seawater and alkaline treated fibers absorbed more cooking oil. Treated coconut coir have tendency to absorb both medium than other fibers. The type of treatments, will give an effect on the fibres’ surface, remove the impurities and reduce the hydrophilic properties, so that provide decreasing or increasing of cooking oil and seawater uptake.
Water quality of effluent treatment systems from local batik industries
Authors: Nuzul Zharif , Talib Siti Norlela , Wan Johari Wan Lutfi
Published: June 2020

Most of the batik premises are still dominated by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Nonetheless, a conventional wastewater treatment unit is very expensive to be owned by them. Therefore, many local batik premises discharge their untreated effluents directly to the river, which can be potentially toxic and post a great threat to the environment. The government has started initiative collaboration with educational institutes to develop an affordable treatment system for batik effluents. For that reason, this study was carried out within three batik premises that were equipped with the treatment systems to evaluate their efficiencies. Each treatment system had a different approach in treating batik effluents: (1) Treatment system A started the treatment with screening (sand filtration), aeration, neutralisation (sulphuric acid), coagulation process, and activated carbon filtration; (2) Treatment system B used a similar treatment method as system A except that no coagulant was applied; and (3) Treatment system C starts with screening, neutralisation (sulphuric acid), two tanks of activated carbon filtration before going through the photodegradation process. Physical parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, conductivity, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and colour were measured before and after treatment to determine the effectiveness. The results showed that treatment system C had the highest COD reduction of 91%, followed by treatment systems A and B. Treatment system C also achieved 86% of decolourisation, followed by treatment system A with 82%. Almost all the parameters measured from this study met the Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974 (Industrial Effluents) Regulations after the treatment process. The finding from this study should help with the development of any future recommendation and improvement of the treatment system for batik effluent discharges.
Effect of ozonation on COD fractionation of wastewater from poultry processing industry
Authors: Muhammad Ridwan F , Abidin C Z A , Ibrahim A H , Kan S L Eh , Loong J E , Abdul Wahab R
Published: June 2020

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of ozonation on the solubility and biodegradability of wastewater from poultry processing industry. In addition, the wastewater also characterized based on the COD fractionation. The wastewater sample used was collected from Advance Chicken Processing (M) Sdn. Bhd., Perlis, Malaysia. Ozonation process was carried out in a semi–batch glass reactor which has a 2 L volume. The COD fractionation of poultry wastewater indicated that non-biodegradable COD is predominant compare to other fractions. However, the wastewater is containing higher percentage biodegradable COD comprehensively. It is expected that ozonation treatment would transform both particulate and soluble non-biodegradable COD towards biodegradable constituent that easily remove by biodegradation. The removal of COD was significant at ozonation duration up to 5 min. However, COD removal efficiency was only increased slightly with the increased of the ozonation duration after 5 min. This may be due to the fact that ozonation for long time would possibly producing constituent that inhibit ozone dissociation.
The effect of iron doping on ZnO catalyst on dye removal efficiency
Authors: Tzewei T , Ibrahim A H , Abidin C Z A , Ridwan F M
Published: June 2020

Dyes often being use in many manufacturing processes. Hence, the wastewater resulted from the manufacturing process contain colour which need to be removed before being emitted into any water bodies. Photocatalysis is a method which effectively treating wastewater using photocatalyst. ZnO is an example of semiconductor material which is use as a photocatalyst in the treatment method. Doping with transition metals can improve its properties to maximize its photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc oxide doped Fe (ZnO/Fe) photocatalyst for dye removal efficiency were investigated. The photocatalysts were successfully synthesized through sol-gel method and characterized by SEM, FTIR and EDX. The photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and ZnO/Fe was studied by degrading methylene blue (MB) under the exposure of 3 hours of sunlight with varies operational condition. Optimal photocatalytic efficiency operating parameters were performed by Design Expert 10 using the Response Surface Method (RSM). ZnO appeared as regular shape compared to ZnO/Fe which most of the particles had clumped together. The removal efficiency of MB was increase when the dosage of catalyst increased. However, once the optimum dosage of catalyst exceeded, the removal efficiency of MB reduced. During the experiment, 30 mg of ZnO was capable to remove 90% of MB from the solution. When while, ZnO/Fe exhibited better result as it could remove up to 95% of MB using only 10 mg of ZnO/Fe during the treatment. It can be concluded that doping the ZnO with Fe could improve the catalytic ability of ZnO to degrade MB in wastewater.
An integrated technique for assessing flow parameters through subsurface drainage module systems
Authors: Abdurrasheed A S , Yusof K W , Takaijudin H , Al-Qadami E H H , Ghani A A , Muhammad M M , Sholagberu A T , Kumar V , Patel S M
Published: June 2020

Drainage modules are storage units for rainwater harvesting and are used to promote groundwater recharge, storage, quality and quantity control as well as reuse of surface runoff. Different assessment methods were applied in the past to assess the efficiency and performance of subsurface drainage modules including laboratory experiments, field and numerical. However, very few methods had been identified to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to assess the performance numerically. In this paper, CFD was applied to study the flow parameters of Rainsmart modules. Among the findings of this study is that the module used alters the pattern and creates flow resistance with a higher Manning’s roughness coefficient of 0.10 at the US and a lower one of 0.02 at the DS which signifies the effect of the module. The modules pattern had been observed to be the major cause of the variation with the retardation occurring at the blocked parts and the increase across the porous openings. The study, however, recommends the application of numerical techniques to study the effect of the module under different slope and gate opening and closing conditions.
Electrical resistivity tomography and induced polarization method applied for tubewell development in Alluvial deposit: A case study in MARDI Seberang Perai
Authors: Ahmad M H , Sheng C C , Chuang T C , Sharu E H , Isa M F Md. , Khadzir M K , Mohd Ghazali M S S , Mhd Bookeri M A
Published: June 2020

Geophysical data through electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and induced polarization (IP) can be assisted to understanding hydrogeological characteristic of groundwater aquifer. By knowing the difference in electrical resistivity and induced polarization values in alluvium deposition will facilitate to identify any groundwater occurrence. In agriculture sector, shallow tube well will be option to farmers due to more economic. The resistivity measurements proved to be a good tool for mapping the subsurface in the Alluvium, especially when used in combination with Induced Polarization parameters. Alluvial deposits or fluvial deposits are composed of particles of gravel, sand, silt or clay size that are not bound or hardened by permeable mineral, by pressure, or thermal alteration of the grains. Consideration of gravelly deposition is the higher hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, coarse to fine sand are the second higher followed by silt and clay are the lowest values. From the case study, the electrical resistivity tomography of these deposits ranged from 40 to 1000 Ωm, while the values of chargeability were 0 to 20 mS/m. The bottom of the aquifer consisted of a layer with gravelly sandy silt, and the resistivity was 260 Ωm, while the chargeability was 6.5 mS/m. The shallow tube well in quaternary aquifer was constructed at 51 m depth with thickness of aquifer was 24 m to 51 m depth into the ground will consider for groundwater resources. The groundwater discharge from tubewell is 6.53 m3/hr in mixed gravel, sandy and silt.
Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine for Long-Term Runoff Simulation
Authors: Hassan Z , Rosdi S Z , Kamarudzaman A N , Abdul Rahim M , Ghazaly Z M
Published: June 2020

Simulation of runoff from a river catchment is a very difficult task and it involves a lot of data which need to be considered. However, the modelling is very essential to forecast the patterns of future runoff by observing and analysing previous patterns of runoff, based on the rainfall. This study presents the evaluation of rainfall-runoff modelling for the long-term runoff series using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Both models are trained and validated using the data series of current and nine (9) antecedent rainfall. During the validation, the SVM model is better in the performance as compared the ANN model, with the R and RMSE values are 0.529-0.711 and 14.27-52.55 mm, respectively. However, the SVM model is underestimated for the peak discharge. Both models have the ability to derive the relationship between the inputs and outputs of the rainfall-runoff process.
Correlation between runoff volume and land use changes using SCS-CN method for Sungai Gombak catchment
Authors: Manan E A , Hamzah A F , Hassan A J
Published: June 2020

This research focuses on river modeling using the input precipitation and land use system Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) using InfoWorks RS (IWRS) and Geographical Information System (GIS). The purpose of this study is to measure the volume of runoff based on the year selected for the Sungai Gombak model with changes in land use base. Sungai Gombak is part of the upper basin of the Sungai Klang. The Sungai Klang basin area has undergone significant urbanization, especially upstream in Sungai Batu, Sungai Gombak and Sungai Klang. This urbanization is the most significant changes in land use happening within the basin of the lake. For the Sungai Gombak catchment, the transformation of the undeveloped area that lead to Sungai Gombak changing the amount of runoff. Six rainfall stations were selected to model the river and then the average catchment rainfall for each catchment was interpolated using Thiessen method from the available rainfall station. Three rainfall events were chosen based on the flood history reported by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) in the Sungai Gombak. The results indicate that the CN value rises from year to year due to changes in landscape patterns that indirectly influence ecological processes and decrease the stream flow time concentration.
Assessment of indoor air quality of daycare centres in northern area of peninsular Malaysia: A case study in Perlis
Authors: Chinathamby P , Mohamed Noor N , Yusuf S Y , Annas S , Kadir A Abd
Published: June 2020

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in day care centers (DCCs) is an emerging research topic nowadays. The paper presents both quantitative and qualitative assessment of IAQ in DCCs in Northern Peninsular Malaysia especially at Perlis. Indoor air pollutants such as total volatile organic compound, carbon monoxide, and ozone have been linked to many health effects in babies, toddlers and kids below 4 years old. The aim of this study was to investigate and quantify the exposure level of indoor air contaminants within the chosen DCCs at Perlis and to analyse the survey on the health effects on Indoor Air Quality of DCCs in the District of Perlis, Malaysia. IAQ monitoring was carried out at two DCCs located in different areas of Perlis which are Kangar and Pauh. The selected parameters measured were total volatile organic compound, carbon monoxide and ozone using the Department of Occupational Health and Safety analytical method. Modified validated questionnaires were distributed to parents to obtain their children’s health symptoms. DCC at Kangar was exposed to high air pollutants compared to DCC at Pauh because it may enter their buildings from various adjacent sources as it is situated beside the busy roadside area. Anyway, the selected indoor air pollutants examined at both DCCs are not exceeding the acceptable level of standard guidelines, thereby the kids’ health are not likely to affected by these selected indoor air pollutants.
Temporal and spatial variability of PM10 in daycare centres in Perlis
Authors: Sara Y Y , Marianne M A , Abdullah L C , Naimah I , Norazian M N
Published: June 2020

A good indoor air quality (IAQ) is preferred for a healthy and safe indoor environment especially for children since they are more susceptible to the effects from indoor pollutants. Most of indoor air pollution researches focus on the health effect on the children but they eliminate the possibility of how the environmental factors and daycare characteristics could contribute to this problem. This study investigates the concentration level of PM10 and its relationship with environmental factors and daycare centers characteristics and two different sampling sites, representing residential and near roadside. Gravimetrical method was used in order to present spatiotemporal analysis utilizing descriptive analysis, Pearson Correlation and Coefficient of Divergence (COD) treatments of data. The average indoor concentration in Taska Penyayang 1 Malaysia (TP1M, representing residential setting) were 105.97 ± 40.06 µg/m3 indoor and 50.77 ± 30.85 µg/m3 outdoor. Taska Penyayang Permata (TPP), represented near roadside setting were 59.88 ± 18.53 µg/m3 and 69.09 ± 23.54 µg/m3 indoor and outdoor, respectively. PM10 variations at TP1M was observed to be originated from indoor/local strong sources and was minimally influenced by weather parameters and outdoor infiltration. Infiltration of pollutants occurred at TP1M, showed by large IOR (above unity) while exfiltration of pollutants governed at TPP, indicated by low IOR and insignificant COD values between all of its micro-location. Natural ventilation as practiced by TPP may also be the reason of very much lower levels of PM10 concentration, evidenced by strong positive correlation between number of occupants and inverse correlation between number of activities. Lower frequency of activities accumulates PM10, contributing to its higher level. In contrast, persistent closed-windows and doors may contribute to inadequate ventilation and accumulated air pollutants, as observed at TP1M. This has been evident by higher COD correlation, indicating similar sources of PM10 at micro-environments with outdoor air.
Kinetics and isotherm of cadmium adsorption onto polyethylene microbeads in artificial seawater
Authors: Zon N F , Azman S , Abdullah N H , Supian N S
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the interactions between cadmium (Cd) and microplastic under controlled laboratory conditions using low density polyethylene microbeads as model of plastic particles. Cadmium was added to suspensions of artificial seawater to investigate heavy metal adsorption on microbeads surface in five different concentration. Polyethylene microbeads proved to have affinity in providing surface area for cadmium. Microbeads served as an effective sorption surface and concentrated cadmium amount in seawater through adsorption process. The maximum adsorption was monitored for 96 hours. Maximum adsorption capacity determined to be 0.0101 mg/g occurring within 12-48 hours in test concentration. While, kinetic study was performed according to pseudo-first-order kinetic with kd at 0.011 L/g. Using data from pseudo first order, isotherm study was performed in nonlinear regression and dataset was in good agreement with Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich Petterson with coefficient of determination at 0.865, 0.964 and 0.962 respectively. Adsorption of cadmium to polyethylene microbeads has important implications for the potential role of microplastics, in this case microbeads-cadmium contaminated act as a quantified link in aquatic food webs.
Determination of optimum ordinary Portland cement content in solidifying/stabilizing mineral sludge
Authors: Nurliyana I
Published: June 2020

Binder plays important role in Solidification/Stabilisation (S/S) technique for sludge treatment. However, mineral sludge namely water treatment sludge (WTS) and ceramic sludge (CS) are rarely treated using S/S technique. Therefore, this study was conducted to obtain optimum percentage of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) content as a binder in S/S technique to treat the mineral sludge. Twenty (20) OPC mix proportions at 10% to 100% OPC with 10% increment were prepared to treat both 200 g WTS and 200 g CS. Binder-to-sludge (B/Sd) ratio of one (1) was used. Air curing was applied for all mixes. Compressive strength was conducted at 28 curing days. The compressive strength of treated mineral sludge was then compared to the requirement stipulated in Waste Acceptance Criteria in Landfill at 0.34 MPa. It was found that the optimum percentage of OPC to treat 200g WTS and 200g CS were 50% and 60% respectively.
Nitrogen dioxide concentration and health risk assessment at schools: Case study Tha sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat province
Authors: Bangroy Jenjira , Janta Rungruang , Kaewrat Jenjira , Rattikansukha Chuthamat , Sichum Surasak
Published: June 2020

A Traffic congestion around schools always problem for many schools. The biggest cause of the problem is the parent’s vehicles which they are dropping off and picking up their children from school. Other vehicle belongs to student and teacher in the school. Therefore, high air pollutant level usually found around school. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of pollutant which associated with traffic density because it was emitted from internal combustion of vehicle. This gas causes inflammation of respiratory system and is a precursor of ground level ozone and particulate matter, which are associated with adverse health effects. It is also a source of acid rain which damage an ecological system. This study aims to measure concentration of NO2 from three schools which have different traffic volume and building density in Tha sala district, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, after that, the concentration was applied to evaluate health risk of exposure to NO2 for residents who is living around schools including children and adult. The samples were collected by using passive samplers for 24 Hrs on the working day during February to May 2019. The results shown that the concentration of NO2 at schools in semester start were ranged 48.6-78.1 µg/m3 which were 1.5 time over that in semester break period. Pollutant concentration was relative with traffic volume in the area. Even though, the NO2 level from all schools were accepted by the 24-hours standard of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air (<113 µg/m3) but the toxicological risk assessment distinguished that the resident living around schools in Tha Sala district exposed to NO2 above the recommended limits to human health
Restoration of Hatirjheel Lake by designing submerged aeration system and settling zone
Authors: Anber Fabliha , Iqra Nazeat Ameen , Badruzzaman A.B.M.
Published: June 2020

Hatirjheel Lake is known as the centre of the Dhaka city, the capital of the Bangladesh, a South Asian riverine country. But, unfortunately, soon this lake will be darken due to huge pollution. Therefore, to augment dissolve oxygen level, aeration system has been acknowledged as an effective way for the lake restoration, and an aeration zone and for further improvement settling zone have been designed. First of all, our study is assessed bifurcating the total area into two segments: aeration zone and sedimentation zone. Total oxygen requirement and other fundamental tests have been derived from sample. Later, to meet 83mg/l of oxygen demand number of diffusers of 8in diameter have been enumerated, and additionally three root lobe blowers of a centrifugal pump are selected, and desludging time interval has been computed. Conclusively, the percentage removal of particles has been substantialized through laboratory-based batch column. In our study, we have considered maximum discharge of 6 ft3/s whilst even during the rainy season more than 50% incoming water will be transferred via twin diversion sewers. Therefore, we can say our design is in the satisfactory zone.
Epoxidation of waste cooking oil using catalytic in situ generated performic acid
Authors: Rahman M S A , Jalil M J , Muain M , Gloria V , Azmi I S , Hadi A , Yamin A F M , Morad N
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, utilizing renewable resources is one of the top research interests among researchers around the world in order to maintain the synthesis of products based on chemicals. Oleic acid (C18:1) derived from palm oil contains the unsaturated double bond (C=C) in its long alkyl chain makes it an attractive fatty acid for the production of eco-friendly epoxide. The epoxidation of waste cooking oil was carried out by using in situ generated performic acid (HCOOOH) to produce epoxidized oleic acid. Epoxy ring-opening also known as epoxide cleavage or epoxide ring degradation occurs in the epoxidation of vegetable oils. It is imperative to minimize process losses via ring-opening in order to achieve good yields and high peroxide values of the epoxidized vegetable oil. In this study, we analysed the effect of agitation speed, the effect of molar ratio of the formic acid to waste cooking oil and the effect of hydrogen peroxide to waste cooking oil molar ratio to epoxidation waste cooking oil.
The Effect of Low Initial C:N Ratio during Composting of Rice Straw Ash with Food Waste in Evaluating the Compost Quality
Authors: Khalib S N B , Zakarya I A , Izhar T N T
Published: June 2020

The physicochemical and biological changes was examined during composting of rice straw ash with food waste in order to assess the effectiveness as stability and maturity of compost at low initial C:N ratio of 20 with three different aeration rates of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 L/min.kg. The rice straw was burned at 300°C temperature to produced rice straw ash before being used to compost with a food waste. A laboratory-scale of bin composter reactor in a cone-shape was used during the composting process. The composting mixture with aeration rates of 0.6L/min.kg maintained the temperature exceeding 55°C for three days to meet the requirement of pathogen destruction compared to the composting mixture with aeration rate 0.4L/min.kg and 0.8L/min.kg. The final C:N ratio for composting mixture with aeration rates 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8L/min.kg was 11. The pH values and moisture content obtained for all composting mixture was in a range of 7-8 and 40-70%. However, the final germination index in all composting mixture was never over 80%.
Research on the Performance of Pd-Catalyst Based on Chroma and COD
Authors: Shi Liang , Shen Yukai , Wang Junfei , Zhang Yongli
Published: June 2020

Heterogeneous CWAO process was used to treat refractory organic waste-water. The performance of Pd-catalyst (Pd-Fe-Co-Ce/FSC) was investigated. The chroma and COD removal rate of waste-water were taken as evaluation indexes. The chroma of the blank water sample is about 300 times higher than that of the first, second and third waste-water. The first use is obviously much smaller than the second and third use, while the second and third use are not very different in chroma. With the decomposement of the organic matter, COD of waste-water decreased. Therefore, under the effect of Pd-catalysts, by the method of CWAO, waste-water can be processed effectively. From the first, second and third use sequence, COD value is from low to high, COD removal rate is gradually reduced slightly, so it can be seen that the treatment effect of catalyst on water sample is increased in 120 min. The experimental results show that the chroma of the treated water sample is about 300 times lower than that without catalyst, and the COD removal rates of the water sample are 85.7%, 83.8% and 82.1% respectively in the first, second and third time of catalyst. These show that the Pd-Fe-Co-Ce/FSC catalyst has good activity and stability.
Mitigating Energy Requirement in Transport System Via Material Selection
Authors: Adekomaya Oludaisi , Majozi Thokozani
Published: June 2020

In view of sudden changes in climatic weather conditions, resulting in variation and dislocation of environment and biodiversity, there has been new initiatives in automotive industry to develop a lighter and sustainable materials to mitigate fossil fuel demand in transport system and improve the overall vehicular part maintenance. In almost all the developed part of the world, major car manufacturer have evolved new composite materials to replace original equipment body as government regulations become stricter in response to worsening environmental degradation. The concept of this paper is to report findings on new material formation using hand lay-up as manucturing technique. In this paper, part of the novel approach in transport system is the possibility of payload reduction through the adaptation of new materials as external and internal parts of the system. Five materials were processed in this work with two specimens oriented at varying degree (30° and 60°) while the other three were without degree of orientation. The payload of these materials were estimated using all the conceptual parameters of a typical vehicle system and the findings from this research showed that 10%wt. of fibre at 30° orientation in the matrix, will possibly offer the lowest panel weight as presented in this paper. This study may be investigated further with a view to test the energy consumption of this new material via-a-viz other reinforced composite materials.
Experimental Study on Distributed Household Solar Power Generation and Heating Integrated System
Authors: Mingzhi Zhao , Shuai Wang , Liling Wu , Dan Zhang
Published: June 2020

The current researches on the utilization of solar energy resources are mostly for the purpose of efficient utilization, ignoring the actual energy demand based on user needs. Therefore, this paper designs a new type of concentrated solar power generation system, taking user needs as the first goal and Achieve full and effective use of energy. Calculate and analyze the structure size of the reflective condenser in the condenser system. Use the optical simulation software Trace-pro to simulate the condenser to find out the best reflection installation angle and the most reasonable condenser of the condenser reflector. Light efficiency. At the same time, a 100W distributed household solar power generation system experimental bench was set up to study the output power of the concentrating system of the experimental system. The results show that: when the incident angle of the light reaches above 60°, the uniformity will obviously increase, and the intensity of solar radiation will have a significant effect on the improvement of the uniformity of light concentration; The output power is about 87.58W. Compared with non-concentrating systems, the power increase is about 11.42%.
Research on PCA-LSTM-based Short-term Load Forecasting Method
Authors: Fang QianSheng , Zhong YongXiang , Xie ChenLei , Zhang HongYan , Li ShanShou
Published: June 2020

Accurate load forecasting not only makes the power company’s power dispatch more reasonable, but also improves the economics and safety of grid operation. In order to make load forecasting more accurate, it is necessary to use a variety of factors that affect load changes, such as temperature and holidays, to build a huge data set, which will reduce the speed of calculations. In addition, deep learning has advantages over traditional prediction methods in time series prediction. Therefore, this paper adopts a load prediction method based on principal component analysis (PCA) and long short-term memory neural network (LSTM). First, build a multi-dimensional data set with a time series. Second, PCA is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data set, retaining the feature that the sum of the proportions of the k-dimensional principal components reaches or exceeds 85%. Thirdly, the LSTM was trained using the data set and a load prediction model was obtained, with a correlation coefficient of 94%. Finally, the experimental simulation is compared with the traditional method. Experimental results show that the method has higher accuracy and practicability.
Factors Affecting Residents’ Adoption of Energy-efficient Lighting in Rural Areas of China
Authors: Huang Ying
Published: June 2020

Energy conservation is one of the core topics to address the goals for sustainable development. Approximately 40% of the total energy are consumed by buildings currently [1]. Energy consumed by lighting accounts for about 20% among all the segments in buildings. Therefore, it’s extremely important to improve the energy efficiency of lighting in buildings. However, this process is relatively slow in the rural areas of China, despite the government’s policies and subsidies on lighting efficiency. According to the current study, only about half of the dwellings in the rural areas has adopted energy saving light sources. The aim of current study is to reveal the key factors that affect the adoption of energy-efficient lighting in the rural areas of Fujian province in China, and provide valuable information for addressing the barriers. From the survey data collected from 321 valid responses, it becomes clear that for the residents who lived in the rural area, their personal characteristics, the perceived ease of use, the perceived lighting quality, and the impact of indoor lighting on their health were not associated with the actual use of the energy-efficient light sources at home. On the other hand, social support, awareness of the technology, and the perception of cost effectiveness were identified to be significantly correlated with the acceptance of energy-efficient light sources. A mediation analysis further shows an important causal relationship among these factors. Social support significantly improves the users’ awareness toward energy-efficient lighting designs, which would influence their perception on the cost effectiveness, which in turn would translate into actual adoption of energy-efficient light sources. These findings will pave the way for better understanding of the influencing factors for the acceptance of energy-efficient light sources, and provide the policy makes with valuable information for the formation and implementation of favourable policies and support programs, in order to speed up the spread of energy-efficient light sources in rural areas of China.
Research on the Properties of Several Marine Active Substances to Eliminate Superoxide Anions
Authors: Wang Qingyu , Zhang Guobao , Chen Xin , Xu Feng , Chen Deke , Deng Yucheng , Chen Hua , Sun Huili
Published: June 2020

Using hydroxyl radicals as an in vitro antioxidant model and using ascorbic acid (Vc) as a positive control, four important marine activities of trehalose, carboxymethyl chitosan, glucosamine hydrochloride, and rippled paphia small molecule peptide were studied Antioxidant ability of the substance in vitro. The experimental results show that the four marine active substances have good antioxidant properties, and their antioxidant properties show a certain positive correlation with the concentration; carboxymethyl chitosan has a stronger ability to eliminate hydroxyl radicals than the other three marine active substances. When the concentration was 4 g/L, the elimination rate of para-hydroxyl radicals reached 91.71%.
Performance Evaluation and Life Management of SCR Denitration Catalyst
Authors: Lu Chao , Wang Dong , Zhu Wentao , Wang Fengji , Du Zhen , Zhu Yue
Published: June 2020

A plate-type catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration system of a 600MW coal-fired power plant was studied. The denitration process characteristics and physical and chemical properties of the desulfurization process at different operating times were tested and analyzed. The results show that the content of active components of the catalyst decreases, and the content of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals increases. The deposition of fly ash and the wear of the catalyst during operation are the main reasons for the denitrification performance of the catalyst. Catalyst activity decreased by 21.6m/h after add installation in 2016. It was found that the catalyst in operation could not meet the operation requirements of the denitration equipment in 2018. Based on this, the catalyst replacement proposal was given, and the denitration catalyst was replaced for the operation of the power plant. Provide a reference and use this method as a life management mode for denitration catalysts.
Seismic Analysis of a Soil Slope to Develop Correlations for Factor of Safety Considering Horizontal and Vertical Seismic Coefficients
Authors: Khan Muhammad Israr , Wang Shuhong
Published: June 2020

Seismic analysis of soil slopes is required to get safe factor of safety value for slope design. Especially in earthquake zones. Factor of safety value is always effected by seismic coefficients, such as horizontal and vertical coefficients. Normally a variation in factor of safety values is observed in normal analysis of a slope where seismic coefficients are kept zero as compare to seismic analysis where seismic coefficients are considered in the analysis. In this research, seismic horizontal coefficients as well as vertical seismic coefficients are used to find the factors of safety. Correlations are developed between factor of safety values and seismic coefficients. The correlation can be used to find the factor of safety in any slope stability project for a homogenous slopes. The outcome of this work are the correlations. These correlations can be used to find the factor of safety values considering horizontal seismic coefficient, vertical seismic coefficient and both.
Monitoring and Simulation of CO2 Exchange of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in the Liaohe Delta Wetland, China
Authors: Jia Q Y , Yu W Y , Wen R H , Wang X Y , Li X L
Published: June 2020

Eddy correlation technique was used to obtain the carbon fluxes (2012 and 2013) in the coastal wetlands of the Liaohe Delta. The carbon flux daily data were used to validate the biogeochemical models that are parameterized by data such as meteorology and water level (Wetland-DNDC). The observation results showed that the trend of carbon flux in the Liaohe Delta is absorption in growing season and weak discharge in non-growing season. The model results showed significant linear correlation with the observation, the simulation result was relatively correct. The results showed that the trend of Reed output is consistent with that of simulation. The annual carbon sequestration capacity was estimated to be 1502.24g-CO2-m−2 on an average in the recent 30 years, with a fluctuating increase trend. Further analysis explained the correlation between environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation and CO2 content and the annual carbon sequestration amount. Correlation between CO2 content and annual absorption was followed by temperature, with no correlation with precipitation. The carbon sequestration capacity of the Liaohe Delta increases with change of climate.
Heritage and Evolution of a Hakka Natural Village from the Perspective of Sustainable Development — Case Study of Tangxia Village, Guangzhou City
Authors: Chen Shan , Huang Hua
Published: June 2020

At present, the decline and disappearance of natural villages are widespread phenomena in China, with the appearance of problems such as one side of a thousand villages that are not conducive to the sustainable development of villages. China has a vast territory, and natural villages vary greatly in different regions. This study focuses on Hakka natural villages in Zengcheng district, Guangzhou city, Guangdong province. Taking Tangxia Village as an example, this study examines the heritage and evolution of a Hakka natural village space with reference to village site selection, homestead division, residential form, and public space. Several aspects that are not conducive to the sustainable development of villages are summarized in the paper, such as unreasonable site selection and homestead division, decline and vacancy of old buildings and low efficiency of new houses, and disappearance of the traditional style, etc. Comprising the largest proportion of villages in China, to a certain extent the development of natural villages determines the direction of sustainable development of the country’s rural areas. In order to explore the sustainable development path of natural villages, we must fully respect the local traditional culture and living customs, and the government, professionals and local residents should work together to maintain the lasting vitality of these villages.
Photocatalysts for Air Pollution Control and Abatement
Authors: Ghezzo F
Published: June 2020

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been largely studied in the past decades for its photocatalytic properties [1]. The material is a n-type of superconductor whose photocatalytic property is due to the absorption of photons (hv) with energy higher than the energy of the valence band. The electrons in the valence band use such energy to jump into the conduction band. This process, originally studied for the photolysis of water [2], has revealed itself of great use for the efficient removal of hazardous molecules and micro-organisms in water and in the air [3]. The high energy required by the electrons in the valence band to jump in the conduction band, which is 3.2eV for anatase TiO2, has limited the use of the material to the very narrow wavelength bandwidth of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In order to make use of the material under a much larger spectrum of light frequencies, especially under visible light, modifications of the TiO2 lattice by adding extra elements have been made and they still represent today a challenge for the research community. The change of the lattice can be done by doping TiO2 with different elements, this includes non-metal elements like carbon and nitrogen [4]. The importance of these studies stands on the fact that the resulting material, simply exposed to sun light or LED light, is able to sterilize the air from harmful bacteria and neutralize other well-known indoor volatile organic pollutants such as formaldehyde. This work presents some experimental observations on visible light photocatalytic carbon doped titanium dioxide, C-TiO2, obtained by a sol gel method. The study focuses on the crystal structure of the synthesized material. The aim is to evaluate the consistency of the method in reproducing the desired crystal structure and therefore the desired photo-catalytic properties of this material.
Research on the Advanced Oxidation Technology Based on Dyeing Waste-Water Treatment
Authors: Zhang Yongli , Chen Shiquing
Published: June 2020

Dye waste-water is one of the main sources of water environmental pollution, which belongs to the characteristics of refractory organic waste-water with large chroma, high concentration, large water quality difference, complex composition and large history of pH change. Physical, chemical and biological methods are the main methods on the treatment of dyeing waste-water. The advanced oxidation technology based on hydroxyl radical (•OH) has the advantages of strong oxidation, low selectivity and high elector-philicity. There are mainly seven ways to produce hydroxyl radical (•OH): Fenton oxidation, photo-catalytic oxidation, ozone oxidation, electrocute-chemical oxidation, ultrasonic oxidation, wet oxidation and super-critical water oxidation. These methods have significant effect on dyeing waste-water treatment.
Numerical Investigation of Flatback Airfoils Drag and Noise Reduction by a Splitter Plate
Authors: Song Ke
Published: June 2020

In this paper the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of a wind turbine airfoil have been numerically investigated. The modified versions of TU Delft DU97-W-300 airfoil with a flatback trailing edge and a splitter plate were selected. IDDES method was introduced and provided good results compared with the experimental data with regard to the lift. Aeroacoustic analysis focused on the amplitude and frequency of noise associated with the vortex-shedding tone from the trailing edge wake. The results showed that wake flows were significantly effected by the addition of a splitter plate to the flatback trailing edge, and lead to reduction on both drag and noise.
Analysis of Landscape Impact on Post-Earthquake, Tsunami, and Liquefaction Disasters in Palu City, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Darma Y , Sulistyantara B , Yonvitner
Published: June 2020

Sulawesi is an island that is affected by three main plate basins namely the Pacific Ocean plate, the Indo-Australian plate, and the Eurasian continent plate which produces several faults and causes intensive seismicity and other disasters in the region. Palu City as the Capital of Central Sulawesi Province is a disaster-prone area such as earthquake, tsunami and liquefaction. The impact of the disaster caused huge losses especially since the area has a high population. The importance of disaster mitigation plans in the area so that casualties, damage to public facilities, and other losses can be minimized. The mitigation plan consists of several stages namely the preparation, analysis, synthesis, and making the plan recommendations. Overall, Palu City is prone to disasters. The area that has a high level of vulnerability to 3 disasters has a total area of 446 hectares. Whereas for areas that have a high level of vulnerability to 2 disasters and 1 disaster has a total area of 3364 hectares and 3873 hectares respectively. There are 3 zones based on potential disasters in Palu City. Zone A is a zone that is prone to earthquake hazards. The total area of Zone A is 9100 hectares. Zone B is a zone for mangrove forest planting areas. The total area of Zone B is 572 hectares. Zone C is a zone that is prone to liquefaction hazards. The plant is expected to be able to absorb saturated ground water and reduce soil movement so it does not shift. The total area of Zone C is 1556 hectares. Disaster-prone areas are recommended to be relocated to safe areas in accordance with the recommended relocation locations. The recommended relocation area is on a flat slope of 6093 hectares and on a gentle slope of 5557 hectares.
The Importance of Park for Health Benefit in DKI Jakarta
Authors: Andari S Y , Sulistyantara B , Fatimah I S
Published: June 2020

DKI Jakarta is a province with the highest population density (82.632 people per km2 in 2018). Jakarta can also be said to be the busiest province in Indonesia because it is the centre of the Indonesian economy. High-intensity activities in the middle of the city can cause stress and other health problems. These problems can be overcome by using the park. Park can be useful for solving health problems by providing places for physical activities and other outdoor activities that can help alleviate health problems. This study aims to understand the importance of the park for people health in DKI Jakarta and the relationship with the frequency of park visits. The study area consists of 10 urban parks located in 5 cities in DKI Jakarta. The number of respondents taken was 300 people divided into 30 people in each park. This study found that the proximity of the park to residence cannot be the main reason why they visit the park. Other factors which can affect frequency of park visits was the reason of visits. The visitors who lived far from parks want to visit the park because there were lots of shady trees so they thought it’s nice and comfortable to just sit and relax. Moreover, frequency of park visits can be beneficial for visitors’ health, especially increasing stamina, being more relaxed, and strengthen relationships with family or friends. Visiting and doing activities in the park at least once a week could provide greater benefits to the physical and social aspects of visitors than the psychological aspects. This meant that psychological benefits could be perceived even though not visiting the park once a week.
Home Garden Concept of Rumah Gadang based on Minangkabau Culture
Authors: Rahmi AL , Gunawan A
Published: June 2020

Minangkabau culture is one of the oldest cultures in Indonesia. The embodiment of Minangkabau culture can be found through Rumah Gadang. Information and research results relating to Rumah Gadang are already numerous, but the garden of Rumah Gadang still need to be exploited through research in order to reveal the concept. This study aims to identify, analyze, and formulate the home garden concept of Rumah Gadang based on Minangkabau culture. The study was conducted by using a qualitative-descriptive approach through exploration of custom document, interviews, and field observation. Identification and analysis were carried out on elements of and its location on the garden to produce a home garden concept of the Rumah Gadang. The studied garden concept was taken from the famous Minangkabau proverb: alam takambang jadi guru. The proverb indicates the use of garden elements in the Rumah Gadang home garden. The garden elements are categorized into hardmaterials and softmaterials. The hardmaterials identified were to include rangkiang, tabek, lasuang, batu tapakan, cages, and separated kitchen. The softmaterials identified were to include hedges, medicinal plants, ornamental plants, fruit plants, and herbs. Some elements were layouted by Minangkabau custom with certain philosophies, such as rangkiang. The garden layout and circulation are comprehensively configurate a semiformal design.