bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the twists of interplanetary magnetic flux ropes observed at 1 AU
Authors: Wang Yuming , Zhuang Bin , Hu Qiang , Liu Rui , Shen Chenglong , Chi Yutian
Published: August 2016

Magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) are one kind of fundamental structures in the solar/space physics and involved in various eruption phenomena. Twist, characterizing how the magnetic field lines wind around a main axis, is an intrinsic property of MFRs, closely related to the magnetic free energy and stableness. Although the effect of the twist on the behavior of MFRs had been widely studied in observations, theory, modeling, and numerical simulations, it is still unclear how much amount of twist is carried by MFRs in the solar atmosphere and in heliosphere and what role the twist played in the eruptions of MFRs. Contrasting to the solar MFRs, there are lots of in situ measurements of magnetic clouds (MCs), the large‐scale MFRs in interplanetary space, providing some important information of the twist of MFRs. Thus, starting from MCs, we investigate the twist of interplanetary MFRs with the aid of a velocity‐modified uniform‐twist force‐free flux rope model. It is found that most of MCs can be roughly fitted by the model and nearly half of them can be fitted fairly well though the derived twist is probably overestimated by a factor of 2.5. By applying the model to 115 MCs observed at 1 AU, we find that (1) the twist angles of interplanetary MFRs generally follow a trend of about
radians, where
is the aspect ratio of a MFR, with a cutoff at about 12π radians AU−1, (2) most of them are significantly larger than 2.5π radians but well bounded by
radians, (3) strongly twisted magnetic field lines probably limit the expansion and size of MFRs, and (4) the magnetic field lines in the legs wind more tightly than those in the leading part of MFRs. These results not only advance our understanding of the properties and behavior of interplanetary MFRs but also shed light on the formation and eruption of MFRs in the solar atmosphere. A discussion about the twist and stableness of solar MFRs are therefore given.
Robust best linear estimator for Cox regression with instrumental variables in whole cohort and surrogates with additive measurement error in calibration sample
Authors: Wang Ching‐Yun , Song Xiao
Published: August 2016

Biomedical researchers are often interested in estimating the effect of an environmental exposure in relation to a chronic disease endpoint. However, the exposure variable of interest may be measured with errors. In a subset of the whole cohort, a surrogate variable is available for the true unobserved exposure variable. The surrogate variable satisfies an additive measurement error model, but it may not have repeated measurements. The subset in which the surrogate variables are available is called acalibration sample. In addition to the surrogate variables that are available among the subjects in the calibration sample, we consider the situation when there is an instrumental variable available for all study subjects. An instrumental variable is correlated with the unobserved true exposure variable, and hence can be useful in the estimation of the regression coefficients. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric method for Cox regression using the observed data from the whole cohort. The nonparametric estimator is the best linear combination of a nonparametric correction estimator from the calibration sample and the difference of the naive estimators from the calibration sample and the whole cohort. The asymptotic distribution is derived, and the finite sample performance of the proposed estimator is examined via intensive simulation studies. The methods are applied to the Nutritional Biomarkers Study of the Women's Health Initiative.
Concentration‐dependent studies of Nd3+‐doped zinc phosphate glasses for NIR photoluminescence at 1.05 μm
Authors: Reddy Prasad V. , Seshadri M. , Babu S. , Ratnakaram Y. C.
Published: August 2016

Nd3+‐doped lead‐free zinc phosphate glasses with the chemical compositions (60‐x) NH4H2PO4 + 20ZnO + 10BaF2 + 10NaF + xNd2O3 (where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%) were prepared using a melt quenching technique. Vibrational bands were assigned and clearly elucidated by Raman spectral profiles for all the glass samples. Judd–Ofelt (J–O) intensity parameters (Ωλ: λ = 2, 4, 6) were obtained from the spectral intensities of different absorption bands of Nd3+ ions. Radiative properties such as radiative transition probabilities (AR), radiative lifetimes (τR) and branching ratios (βR) for different excited states were calculated using J–O parameters. The near infrared (NIR) photoluminescence spectra exhibited three emission bands (4F3/2 level to 4I13/2, 4I11/2 and 4I9/2 states) for all the concentrations of Nd3+ ions. Various luminescence properties were studied by varying the Nd3+ concentration for the three spectral profiles. Fluorescence decay curves of the 4F3/2 level were recorded. The energy transfer mechanism that leads to quenching of the 4F3/2 state lifetimes was discussed at higher concentration of Nd3+ ions. These glasses are suggested as suitable hosts to produce efficient lasing action in NIR region at 1.05 μm.
Health economic analysis of laparoscopic lavage versus Hartmann's procedure for diverticulitis in the randomized DILALA trial
Authors: Gehrman J , Angenete E , Björholt I , Bock D , Rosenberg J , Haglind E
Published: August 2016

Background

Open surgery with resection and colostomy (Hartmann's procedure) has been the standard treatment for perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis. In recent years laparoscopic lavage has emerged as an alternative, with potential benefits for patients with purulent peritonitis, Hinchey grade III. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic lavage and Hartmann's procedure with health economic evaluation within the framework of the DILALA (DIverticulitis – LAparoscopic LAvageversus resection (Hartmann's procedure) for acute diverticulitis with peritonitis) trial.

Methods

Clinical effectiveness and resource use were derived from the DILALA trial and unit costs from Swedish sources. Costs were analysed from the perspective of the healthcare sector. The study period was divided into short-term analysis (base-case A), within 12 months, and long-term analysis (base-case B), from inclusion in the trial throughout the patient's expected life.

Results

The study included 43 patients who underwent laparoscopic lavage and 40 who had Hartmann's procedure in Denmark and Sweden during 2010–2014. In base-case A, the difference in mean cost per patient between laparoscopic lavage and Hartmann's procedure was €–8983 (95 per cent c.i. –16 232 to –1735). The mean(s.d.) costs per patient in base-case B were €25 703(27 544) and €45 498(38 928) for laparoscopic lavage and Hartmann's procedure respectively, resulting in a difference of €–19 794 (95 per cent c.i. –34 657 to –4931). The results were robust as demonstrated in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

The significant cost reduction in this study, together with results of safety and efficacy from RCTs, support the routine use of laparoscopic lavage as treatment for complicated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis.
Involve community for a safe campus
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: August 2016

Criminals don't see the edge of campus as a barrier. If there's crime in the community around your campus, you will have crime on campus. “There are no borders,” said Tony Holt, associate vice president and chief of police at Wayne State University.
A Randomized Phase 1 Study to Assess the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of the Subcutaneously Injected Anti‐LIGHT Antibody, SAR252067
Authors: Zhang Meng , Perrin Laurent , Pardo Patricia
Published: August 2016

LIGHT, a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is potentially involved in mucosal inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The safety and pharmacokinetics of the fully human monoclonal anti‐LIGHT antibody, SAR252067, was evaluated in healthy volunteers in a phase 1 study as a potential treatment for diseases related to LIGHT‐mediated mucosal inflammation. This double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, sequential ascending single‐dose, single‐center, 16‐week study randomized 48 subjects to a single subcutaneous dose of SAR252067 (40, 120, 300, 600, 900, or 1200 mg) or placebo. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), injection‐site reactions, and antidrug antibody (ADA) titer. Pharmacokinetic end points were serum parameters of SAR252067 (Cmax, AUC0–∞, tmax, t1/2z). Serum‐soluble LIGHT concentrations were also determined. Safety analyses included all 48 participants; pharmacokinetic analyses included 36 subjects who received SAR252067. No serious AEs were reported, and no dose–effect relationship was apparent. Injection‐site reactions were minimal. ADAs were not clinically relevant. SAR252067 exposure increased in a near‐dose‐proportional manner, median tmax ranged from 5.0 to 8.5 days, and t1/2z ranged from 18.0 to 27.0 days. Serum‐soluble LIGHT significantly increased after SAR252067 administration with the 40‐mg dose only. SAR252067 had a good safety profile, was well tolerated in healthy humans, and displayed a predictable pharmacokinetic profile.
Metal–Polymer Hybrid Architectures as Novel Anode Platform for Microbial Electrochemical Technologies
Authors: Baudler André , Langner Markus , Rohr Camilla , Greiner Andreas , Schröder Uwe
Published: August 2016

In this publication, we propose metal–polymer hybrid materials as a novel platform for the development of 3 D anode materials for bioelectrochemical systems, such as microbial fuel cells. Extremely low gravimetric density, high porosity, high electric conductivity, and distinct elastic properties are characteristics that are superior for bioelectrochemical applications. As a proof of concept, we investigated copper‐melamine foams (Cu‐MF) based on a commercially available, open cell melamine foam. With a low amount of copper (16.3 mg cm−3 for Cu‐MF206) used for metallization, such electrode material can be manufactured at low price. The Cu‐MF sponges are readily colonized by electrochemically active bacteria and are electrochemically stable over an experimental period of more than 75 days. The Cu‐MF‐biofilm electrodes exhibit volumetric current densities of up to 15.5 mA cm−3. During long‐term operation, overgrowth of the Cu‐MF pore structures by the Geobacter‐dominated biofilms occurs, from which demands for future electrode developments are derived.
The utility of thyroglobulin washout studies in predicting cervical lymph node metastases: One academic medical center's experience
Authors: Tang Sherry , Buck Andrew , Jones Claudia , “Sara” Jiang Xiaoyin
Published: August 2016

Background

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is useful for evaluating cervical lymph nodes for metastases from thyroid carcinomas. Reports have illustrated that with application of standardized technique and appropriate cutoffs, thyroglobulin (TG) washout studies increase the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in identifying lymph node metastases. This project describes our experience at an academic medical center utilizing needle wash thyroglobulin analyses as an ancillary to FNAC.

Materials and Methods

We reviewed cases at our institution where thyroglobulin analysis was performed in conjunction with FNA of lymph nodes in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Thyroglobulin levels were measured on needle rinses from each FNA biopsy that appeared negative or equivocal at the time of immediate assessment. These results were compared with surgical pathology results from neck dissections, when performed.

Results

168 FNA biopsies were performed on suspicious lymph nodes from 97 patients with known or suspected thyroid malignancy between April 2013 and present. Using a cutoff of 1.0 ng TG/ml, thyroglobulin studies performed at our institution were found to have sensitivity and specificity results of 0.95. Surgical pathology results were used as the gold standard. When surgical pathology results are not available, FNAC is used as the mode of comparison. False positive Tg results occurred in two prethyroidectomy patients suggesting that sample contamination with blood may influence this method's specificity. A false‐negative Tg result occurred in a lymph node with <1 mm focus of metastatic PTC, indicating that Tg results may not be sensitive in cases with few tumor cells.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that thyroglobulin washout studies improve the quality of our biopsy diagnoses when used in conjunction with FNA in the assessment of metastatic disease in the context of established thyroid malignancy in post‐thyroidectomy patients. Thyroglobulin values close to the cutoff of 1.0 ng/ml should be interpreted with caution, as these may represent a minute focus of metastatic tumor. Tg values in prethyroidectomy patients should also be interpreted with caution, as contamination with blood may cause its elevation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:964–968. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Needed: A competitive disability sport league
Authors: Adele Goldie
Published: August 2016

The benefits of competitive sports to retention and student success have been extensively studied at both the K–12 and postsecondary levels, and the results are that it works. Students who participate in sports do better academically and socially, feel connected to their school, and build self‐confidence.
Follow 3 key tips for engaging your direct reports
Authors: Jarvis Kimberly , Munin Art
Published: August 2016

Staff members qualify as the strongest resource for helping disability services units to advance their mission and support their students. And that's why supporting, developing, and engaging the individuals we supervise are central components of the work we do.
Anxiety is the leading cause of students seeking counseling
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: August 2016

The top reason college students seek counseling at campus counseling centers is anxiety, according to a survey conducted by the Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors. The annual survey, which measured responses from students at public and private two‐ and four‐year institutions, found that students across the country are relatively consistent in the types of conditions that they seek treatment for.
Research on the Characteristic Change in an Inductive‐Coupling‐Type Contactless Power Transformer for a Railway According to the Core Shapes and Misalignment Utilizing a T‐Type Equivalent Circuit
Authors: MATSUOKA HIDEKI , WATANABE SHOICHIRO , KOSEKI TAKAFUMI
Published: August 2016

Although an electric railway is an ecological transportation system, there are some obstacles when an electric railway is installed: the high cost for installation and the detrimental effect on the environment. A contactless power transfer system (CPT system) is a solid solution for these obstacles. However, a CPT system for a railway application needs to have a high capacity and a tolerance to the misalignment of the coils. In this paper, inductive power transfer theory, which is able to transfer a greater amount of energy than the electromagnetic resonance method is chosen, and its tolerance to the misalignment is our focus. The authors measure various core shapes, and their coupling coefficients, leakage inductances, and excitation inductances according to the misalignment are obtained with a finite element method (FEM) analysis. By using these parameters, the transmitted power and efficiency are calculated by two equivalent circuits: the S/S circuit and the S/P circuit. Finally, by comparing the parameters and transmitted power of each core shape and circuit, the authors show that the circular core can transfer 100 kW of energy for a misalignment of 300 mm.
A DC Voltage Estimations at the Maximum Power Point of a PV System with Partial Shade
Authors: NAKATA ATSUSHI , TORII AKIHIRO , ISHIKAWA JUN , MOTOTANI SUGURU , DOKI KAE , UEDA AKITERU
Published: August 2016

This paper describes an equivalent circuit of a photovoltaic system. The maximum power point is estimated with the equivalent circuit. A calculation method which estimates output voltage and current at the maximum power point by the use of the intensity of sunlight is introduced. The proposed method determines the starting voltage of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of the PV system. Simulation results and preliminary experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed method.
A Flux‐Modulating Synchronous Machine with Permanent Magnet Excitation
Authors: FUKAMI TADASHI , UENO YUSUKE , SHIMA KAZUO
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a novel type of flux‐modulating synchronous machine (FMSM) in which permanent magnets (PMs) are embedded in the stator back‐iron. The rotor has neither windings nor PMs. A prototype machine with an outer‐rotor configuration was designed and manufactured to validate the operating principle of the FMSM. The characteristics in the motor mode of the prototype machine were also investigated with a vector control system. The results of the investigations show that, as in surface‐mounted PM motors, the torque of the FMSM is predominantly generated by the PM flux and can be controlled using the armature current.
UK Has Shale, but Public Has Questions
Authors: Willett Robert E.
Published: August 2016

The general public opinion in the United Kingdom today seems to be that unconventional energy, like shale gas, may have a role to play, but the question is whether the safety standards are acceptable.
“A Place Thriving With History”: Reclaiming Narratives About Literacy in the Arkansas Ozarks
Authors: Connors Sean P.
Published: August 2016

Building on scholarship that emphasizes a relationship between critical literacy and place‐conscious pedagogy, this article describes a community inquiry project that asked undergraduates in an introductory literacy studies course to use oral histories that they collected from people in the Arkansas Ozark region to engage in placemaking and reclaim narratives about literacy in the area where they lived. The Literacy in Ozark Lives project challenged the students to examine the oral histories with an eye toward identifying people and institutions that sponsored their interviewees’ experiences with reading and writing, and explaining how social and economic transformations in the region shaped the purpose of their interviewees’ literacy. To conclude the project, the students produced digital video essays intended to complicate problematic cultural models that promote a deficit view of people and literacy in the U.S. South, particularly the Arkansas Ozark region.
WILLIAM MCDOUGALL, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST: A RECONSIDERATION OF NATURE‐NURTURE DEBATES IN THE INTERWAR UNITED STATES
Authors: ROSE ANNE C.
Published: August 2016

The British‐born psychologist William McDougall (1871–1938) spent more than half of his academic career in the United States, holding successive positions after 1920 at Harvard and Duke universities. Scholarly studies uniformly characterize McDougall's relationship with his New World colleagues as contentious: in the standard view, McDougall's theory of innate drives clashed with the Americans’ experimentation into learned habits. This essay argues instead that rising American curiosity about inborn appetites—an interest rooted in earlier pragmatic philosophy and empirically investigated by interwar scientists—explains McDougall's migration to the United States and his growing success there. A review of McDougall's intellectual and professional ties, evolving outside public controversy, highlights persistent American attention to natural agency and complicates arguments voiced by contemporaries in favor of nurture.
ON THE PRAGMATICS OF SOCIAL THEORY: THE CASE OF ELIAS'S “ON THE PROCESS OF CIVILIZATION”
Authors: DA SILVA FILIPE CARREIRA , BUCHOLC MARTA
Published: August 2016

This paper proposes a new approach to the study of sociological classics. This approach is pragmatic in character. It draws upon the social pragmatism of G. H. Mead and the sociology of texts of D. F. McKenzie. Our object of study is Norbert Elias's On the Process of Civilization. The pragmatic genealogy of this book reveals the importance of taking materiality seriously. By documenting the successive entanglements between human agency and nonhuman factors, we discuss the origins of the book in the 1930s, how it was forgotten for 30 years, and how in the mid‐1970s it became a sociological classic. We explain canonization as a matter of fusion between book's material form and its content, in the context of the paperback revolution of the 1960s, the events of May 1968, and the demise of Parsons’ structural functionalism, and how this provided Elias with an opportunity to advance his model of sociology.
Electronic approaches to making sense of the text in the adverse event reporting system
Authors: Benin Andrea L. , Fodeh Samah Jamal , Lee Kyle , Koss Michele , Miller Perry , Brandt Cynthia
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Health care organizations working to eliminate preventable harm and to improve patient safety must have robust programs to collect and to analyze data on adverse events in order to use the information to affect improvement. Such adverse event reporting systems are based on frontline personnel reporting issues that arise in the course of their daily work. Limitations in how existing software systems handle these reports mean that use of this potentially rich information is resource intensive and prone to variable results.

Aim

The aim of this study was to develop an electronic approach to processing the text in medical event reports that would be reliable enough to be used to improve patient safety.

Methods

At Connecticut Children's Medical Center, staff manually enter reports of adverse events into a web‐based software tool. We evaluated the ability of 2 electronic methods—rule‐based query and semi‐supervised machine learning—to identify specific types of events (“use cases”) versus a reference standard. Rule‐based query was tested on 5 use cases and machine learning on a subset of 2 using 9164 events reported from February 2012–January 2014.

Results

Machine learning found 93% of the weight‐based errors and 92% of the errors in patient‐identification. Rule‐based query had accuracy of 99% or greater, high precision, and high recall for all use cases.

Conclusions

Electronic approaches to streamlining the use of adverse event reports are feasible to automate and valuable for categorizing this important data for use in improving patient safety.
Impact of health care adversity on providers: Lessons learned from a staff support program
Authors: Trent Maxine , Waldo Kimberly , Wehbe‐Janek Hania , Williams Daniel , Hegefeld Wendy , Havens Lisa
Published: August 2016

Background

Health care providers often experience traumatic events and adversity that can have negative emotional impacts on the profession and on patients. These impacts are typically multifaceted and can result from many different events, such as unanticipated outcomes, licensing board complaints, claims, and litigation. Because health care providers are exposed to diverse situations, they require adequate and timely support, imperative for provider resilience and patient safety. This study evaluated the success of an institution's second victim health care support program and best practices in responding to these traumatic experiences effectively.

Methods

Twenty faculty and medical residents who utilized the support program at a large hospital system located in Central Texas from 2001 to 2012 participated in 1 of 6 focus groups. Qualitative data were collected from these groups to describe program requirements for the adequate delivery of health care adversity support and necessary program improvements. Responses were first transcribed verbatim. Each research team member analyzed data using a thematic framework approach. This approach helped to characterize traumatic experiences and to design a support system.

Results

The results revealed that (1) provider experiences are traumatic, (2) it is necessary to communicate an adverse event in a confidential and timely manner, preferably with a peer, (3) preemptive education regarding risk management and the legal process is helpful, and (4) there is a need for further support of the specific experience of a board complaint.

Conclusions

Focus group data indicated the complexity of the emotional impact of traumatic experiences. Specific program components are needed to create best practices for providers affected by health care adversity, including support when providers face board complaints. The program's unique combination of support and education allowed us to expand upon leading national health care adversity programs.
Can precipitation over Israel be predicted from Eastern Mediterranean heat content?
Authors: Amitai Y. , Gildor H.
Published: August 2016

Israel's location in a semi‐arid region along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea makes the prediction of winter precipitation socially and environmentally important. In 1982, Tzvetkov and Assaf proposed a connection between heat content (HC) in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) in fall and precipitation over Israel in the following winter. We revisit their hypothesis using 21 years of remotely sensed sea surface temperature and sea surface height. The HC of the EM's upper layer is derived from these remotely sensed measurements under a reduced gravity approximation. Our results show a correlation of R = 0.6 between HC in the fall off the coastline of Lebanon and precipitation in Haifa, Tel‐Aviv and Jerusalem. The depletion of HC during winter correlates moderately (R = 0.4) with precipitation in the three cities. Thus, according to our analysis, the upper layer HC in the EM in fall significantly impacts winter precipitation over Israel. Still, from a separate analysis, the atmospheric short‐term condition seems to be important as well.
Entwicklung, Standardisierung und Korrelierung von Meßmethoden zur Bestimmung der Inhibitorwirksamkeit in H2S/CO2‐haltigem Rohöl und Erdgas
Authors: Fäßler K. , Blümmel G.
Published: August 2016

Ziel der Untersuchungen war es, die Förderbedingungen für Erdöl und Erdgas möglichst praxisnah zu simulieren und auf diesem Wege 1. die Aussagekraft verschiedener Prüfverfahren zu testen (Rührautoklavenversuche, Hochdruckkreislaufapparatur), 2. eine Prüfmethodik zu entwickeln, die eine treffsichere Auswahl von Inhibitoren zum Korrosionsschutz ermöglicht, 3. die Brauchbarkeit einfacher Prüfmethoden als Screening‐Tests zu überprüfen. Hierdurch soll eine wirtschaftlichere Inhibitor‐ und Werkstoffauswahl für den Feldeinsatz ermöglicht werden.

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die vorgestellten apparativen Möglichkeiten eine praxisgerechte Prüfung erlauben. Die Rührautoklavenmethode läßt Parameterstudien zu, d.h. die Einflüsse der Prüfparameter (Temperatur, H2S/CO2‐Verhältnis, Strömung) werden folgerichtig wiedergegeben. Vorteil der Kreislaufapparatur ist die bessere Simulierung der Strömungsbedingungen. Die Reihenfolge der Inhibitorprüfungen könnte so gewählt werden, daß zunächst mit Hilfe der Rührautoklaven mit relativ geringem Aufwand eine Parameterstudie erfolgt und danach durch gezielte Versuche in der Kreislaufapparatur die Korrosionsraten für die Förderrohre bestimmt werden.
On the reliability of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (E.I.S.) technique for the evaluation of iron corrosion rate in inhibited acid solutions
Authors: Frignani A. , Tassinari M. , Monticelli C. , Trabanelli G.
Published: August 2016

This paper discusses the reliability of the E.I.S. technique for the evaluation of the corrosion rate of iron in 1 N H2SO4 in the presence of different organic inhibitors.

Besides the B value from Tafel slopes, the effect of low amplitude, low frequency potential perturbations is presented, too.
Displacement ring load Green's functions for saturated porous transversely isotropic tri‐material full‐space
Authors: Sahebkar K. , Eskandari‐Ghadi M.
Published: August 2016

Based on the Biot's poroelastic theory and using scalar potential functions both the ring load and point load displacement Green's functions for a transversely isotropic saturated porous full‐space composed of an upper half‐space, a finite thickness middle layer and a lower half‐space is analytically presented for the first time. It is assumed that each region consists of a different transversely isotropic material. The equations of poroelastodymanics in terms of the solid displacements and the pore fluid pressure are uncoupled with the help of two scalar potential functions, so that the governing equations for the potential functions are either a second order wave equation or a repeated wave‐heat transfer equation of sixth order. With the aid of Fourier expansion with respect to circumferential direction and Hankel integral transforms with respect to the radial direction in cylindrical coordinate system, the response is determined in the form of line integrals in the real space, followed by theorem of inverse Hankel integral transforms. The solutions degenerate to a single phase elastic material, and the results are compared with previous studies, where an excellent agreement may be observed with the results provided in the literature. Some examples of displacement Green's functions are finally given to illustrate the solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene via a new POSS‐sorbitol compound
Authors: Feng Baixuan , Li Zhenguang , Chen Guanyun , Zhu Kongying , Zhao Yunhui , Yuan Xiaoyan
Published: August 2016

A new compound was synthesized by chemical combination of (3‐mercapto)propyl‐heptaisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS‐SH) and 1,3:2,4‐bis(3,4‐dimethylbenzylidene) sorbitol (DMDBS) via epichlorohydrin while hydroxyl groups were still retained in the product POSS‐DMDBS. The prepared POSS‐DMDBS was introduced into isotactic polypropylene (iPP) to improve crystallization behaviors of iPP and obtain nanocomposites with suitable mechanical properties. Crystallization and mechanical properties of iPP/POSS‐DMDBS were systematically investigated by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, polarization microscopy, atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile tests. The spherulite size of the modified iPP was obviously decreased with the addition of POSS‐DMDBS, while the crystallization temperature was increased by 5°C to 9°C depending on the content of POSS‐DMDBS incorporated. POSS‐DMDBS exhibited relatively higher nucleating efficiency on iPP which is similar to that of DMDBS, confirmed by the increased crystallization temperature. It was also found that the tensile modulus of iPP after adding POSS‐DMDBS increased significantly with respect to pristine iPP, but the elongation values decreased. Introduction of POSS‐DMDBS in content less than 1 wt% could bring about effective influence on the crystallization behaviors of iPP, demonstrating its potential applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:357–364, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of novel 2D kagome materials RE3Sb3Mg2O14 (RE = La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Ho): Comparison to RE3Sb3Zn2O14 family
Authors: Sanders M. B. , Baroudi K. M. , Krizan J. W. , Mukadam O. A. , Cava R. J.
Published: August 2016

The crystal structures and magnetic properties of RE3Sb3Mg2O14 (RE = La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Ho) with a perfect kagome lattice are presented and compared to RE3Sb3Zn2O14. Rietveld structure refinements were performed using X‐ray diffraction data, indicating that the layered compounds are fully structurally ordered. The compounds crystallize in a rhombohedral supercell of the cubic pyrochlore structure, in the space group R‐3m. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show no signs of magnetic ordering above 2 K. The RE3Sb3Mg2O14 family is similar to that of RE3Sb3Zn2O14; however, the series reported here features a fully ordered distribution of cations in both the nonmagnetic antimony and magnetic rare earth kagome lattices. Unlike the offsite disorder that Zn2+ experiences in RE3Sb3Zn2O14, the magnesium sites in RE3Sb3Mg2O14 are completely ordered. Here we compare the magnetic properties in both series of kagome compounds to determine how significant Zn2+'s positional ordering is within this structure type. The compounds reported here appear to be relatively defect‐free and are therefore model systems for investigating magnetic frustration on an ideal 2D rare earth kagome lattice.
Fault accommodation for uncertain linear systems with measurement errors
Authors: Zhu Jun‐Wei , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates the observer based fault accommodation (FA) problem for linear systems with state perturbations and measurement errors. A novel intermediate estimator is proposed to estimate the state and the faults simultaneously, where the effect of state perturbations and measurement errors can be effectively eliminated by fully exploiting the design freedom of some specified parameters. Based on the estimation, a fault tolerant control (FTC) scheme is synthesized. It is proved that the states of the resulting closed loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded with an explicit bound. Simulation examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic spectrum access‐based cryptosystem for cognitive radio networks
Authors: Zou Chao , Chigan Chunxiao (Tricia)
Published: August 2016

The dynamic spectrum access (DSA) paradigm of the cognitive radio (CR) contributes intrinsic security capability to the CR network by hiding information in the unpredictable spectrum access patterns. This paper formalizes the frequency hopping DSA (FH‐DSA)‐based cryptography by introducing the model of dynamic bit (dybit), whose state indicates both the binary value and the DSA strategy. Taking advantage of uncertainty of the dybit state, FH‐based key distribution (FH‐KE) mechanisms are proposed to establish secrets among communication attendants. Based on the group FH‐KE (GKE), a confidentiality‐oriented DSA scheme, GKE‐DSA is developed to realize the FH‐DSA cryptography‐based secure data communication. The GKE‐DSA can conceal the DSA strategy of each communication link from others while limiting the data packet collisions through GKE‐based negotiation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing the Recognition of Halide and OxyAnions in the Polarprotic and Polaraprotic Solvent Mediums with Neutral UreaBased Receptors: A Computational Study
Authors: Sahu Debashis , Ganguly Bishwajit
Published: August 2016

The dynamical nature of the anion recognition with urea‐based receptors in polar protic and polar aprotic solvents is scarce in the literature. We report here, the host–guest binding properties of urea and its derivative 1,3‐bis‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐urea with common anions (F−, Cl−, OAc−, H2PO4−) in the aqueous phase and acetonitrile medium using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD simulations reveal that the halide analytes are on an average distance (∼14.0 Å) from the receptor moiety in water. The oxy‐anions showed better interaction with the receptor molecules in such solvent conditions. In pure acetonitrile medium, the interaction of analytes was very strong with the receptor molecules and the average distance calculated was in the range of ∼1.0 Å to ∼4.0 Å. To unravel the intricacies of sensing the anions with organic receptor molecules in polar solvent mediums, molecular dynamics simulations can be better approach with bulk solvation effect.
One–pot Hydrodehalogenation‐Hydrogenation of Alkenyl Bromides with Nickel Boride: an Easy Access to Di‐ and Trisubstituted Ethanes from Aldehydes
Authors: Chelucci Giorgio
Published: August 2016

A simple and efficient procedure for the one‐pot hydrodebromination‐hydrogenation of substituted 1‐bromo‐1‐alkenes to give the related ethanes by the pair NiCl2⋅6H2O and NaBH4 (nickel boride) in THF‐methanol at room temperature is reported. This unexplored functional group conversion allows completing advantageously the process leading aldehydes into different types 1,2‐disubstituted ethanes.
Dispersion study of clay nanoparticles in vinylester resin
Authors: Praveen M. , Pramod M. , Neogi Swati
Published: August 2016

Resistance to sea‐water penetration in fiber‐reinforced polymer composites is highly desirable for marine applications. This can be achieved by incorporating nanoparticles into polymer matrix, due to high aspect ratio of the platelets where small percentage of nanoclay particles properly dispersed in matrix can generate very large surface area for polymer/filler interactions. However, effective dispersion aiming for exfoliation and intercalation of nanoclays in resin is one of the major challenges faced for manufacturing of nanocomposites. In the present work, a suitable protocol is established for effective dispersion of Cloisite 15A nanoparticles in vinylester resin matrix. Dispersion study is conducted for different loading levels of nanoparticles and parameters are optimized. The extent of dispersion is characterized by performing X‐ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electronic microscopic image analysis. It is found that overnight swelling of nanoclays in resin followed by 45 min of ultrasonication at 220 V, 50–60 Hz frequency and 0.5 cycle per sec results in good amount of interaction with certain degree of exfoliation for loading level up to 6%. The nano particle dispersed resin is characterized to study the effect of nanoparticles on key manufacturing properties of resin matrix like rheology and cure kinetics. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:E51–E57, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Diachorionic Triamniotic Triplets—Saline Cardiac Tamponade for Fetal Reduction: A Novel Approach
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh , Vaid Arvind , Arora Rupam , Aggarwal Sagarika , Murdia Kshitiz
Published: August 2016

Artificial reproductive techniques are helping the infertile couples to conceive but with an inherent risk of multifetal pregnancy. Multifetal pregnancies more so; multiple monochorionic pregnancies endanger both the fetus and the mother with an increased risk for morbidity and pregnancy loss. The reduction of multifetal pregnancy using Potassium chloride (KCl) is a usual procedure to reduce multiple pregnancies; but gets complicated in case of monochorionic multiple pregnancies like diachorionic trimnioitc triplets in which KCl cannot be used. In this scenario, the usual procedure for fetal reduction might endanger both the fetuses with common placenta (monochorionic twins). Normal saline was used to create cardiac tamponade to achieve cardiac asystole, which is a novel way of reducing the multiple fetuses with common placentas without an adverse effect on the other co-twin and effect of maternal spillage of the drug commonly used.
Structural performance of impact damaged and repaired concrete bridge girder using GFRP rebars
Authors: Yazdani Nur , Montero Maria A. D. L. F.
Published: August 2016

Overpass bridge girders are susceptible to impact damage of over-height vehicles, creating a traffic hazard and structural deficiency. The repair for a damaged girder has to meet adequate criteria for the safety, repair time and economy. This paper presents a case study for the repair of such an impact damaged concrete girder on the Lyndon B. Johnson Express construction project, located on I-635 and I-35 freeways in Dallas, Texas. The impact caused concrete loss and exposed several prestressing strands on the exterior girder. The overpass had been completed while the old route was open below, causing a temporary vertical lower clearance than the final design, leading to the impact. The novel and innovative repair process involved fiber glass (GFRP) rebars, bonding epoxy and repair mortar. These rebars enhanced the flexural capacity of the repaired section and supplemented the mortar strength. Onsite load testing was employed to verify the performance of the repaired structure. Theoretical model of the composite girder before and after repair was employed. The strain data from the model compared well with the load testing data. The repair scheme drastically increased the stiffness of the damaged girder, resulting in about 50 % reduction in the bottom strains. The beneficial effect of the repair resulted in large increases in the net compressive stresses (200–300 %) at the girder bottom through the increase of the section stiffness and reduction of the gravity load stresses. Stresses remained well below the elastic range for concrete and the GFRP rebars.
Transmantle (intratelluric) fluid flows: a new model for plumes and plume magmatism
Authors: Zhatnuev N.S.
Published: August 2016

A fluid model for the formation of mantle plumes is proposed. During the emission of gas from the Earth’s core, it accumulates as lenses at the core–mantle boundary. Reaching a critical size, the lenses burst out into the mantle and migrate to the surface. A relatively stationary transmantle fluid flow from the core–mantle boundary arises, which heats the mantle and the layer interacting with it. The flow stops in the base of the hard lithosphere and spreads laterally, causing its melting accompanied by the formation of magma chambers, which, reaching critical sizes, massively intrude and flow out.
Quantitative analysis of mass transfer during polymetamorphism in pelites of the Transangarian Yenisei Ridge
Authors: Likhanov I.I. , Reverdatto V.V.
Published: August 2016

The study provides geological, structural, mineralogical, petrological, and geochronological evidence for polymetamorphic evolution of gneisses from the Garevka complex of the Yenisei Ridge. The results of the study provide significant insight into the geochemical behavior of major and trace elements in zoned garnet crystals and mineral inclusions formed during prograde and retrograde metamorphism of pelitic rocks. It was shown that the concentrations of Y and HREE in garnet decrease with increasing P and T and increase with decreasing pressure and temperature. The combined study of multicomponent chemical zoning patterns of coexisting minerals and metamorphic mineral reactions in metapelites was conducted. The results show that the main reason for a drastic increase in CaO content in garnets during collisional metamorphism is a mass exchange between garnet and plagioclase. The deviation from this trend, as indicated by the concurrent increase in the grossular content of garnet and anorthite content of plagioclase, arises from the breakdown of epidote. The calculated metamorphic reactions, mass balance analysis, and changes in mineral chemistry during metamorphism reinforce the evidence for the isochemical character of processes with respect to most components of the system. The minimum volume of the system in which chemical exchange between reacting phases is balanced for all major and trace elements did not exceed ~1 mm3. The total HREE balance requires a greater reaction volume (up to ~8 mm3) involved in the redistribution of these elements, which provide evidence for their relatively higher mobility during metamorphism relative to other rare earth elements. The specific distribution and quite substantial mass transport of HREE are controlled by heterovalent isomorphic substitution between these elements and CaO in garnet.
Food assistance programmes are indirectly associated with anaemia status in children <5 years old in Mexico
Authors: Shamah-Levy Teresa , Méndez-Gómez-Humarán Ignacio , Gaona-Pineda Elsa B. , Cuevas-Nasu Lucia , Villalpando Salvador
Published: August 2016

Anaemia in children is a public health concern in Mexico; Federal food assistance programmes are being implemented to prevent it. We undertook this research to investigate the indirect association between food assistance programmes (FAP) and anaemia through dietary and socio-economic conditions of beneficiary children. A structural equation model (SEM) was constructed to assess associations among FAP, dietary and socio-economic conditions, as well as anaemia. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted based on a sample of 1214 households with children <5 years old, beneficiaries of two FAP:Prosperaand rescue from malnutrition with amaranth (RMA) and a comparison group in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The SEM and a decomposition effect analysis revealed the existence of a significant indirect association of FAP on the prevalence of anaemia via dietary and socio-economic conditions in children under 5 years old. TheProsperaassistance programme showed a significant indirect positive association with the prevalence of anaemia (standard coefficient=0·027,P<0·031), and the RMA programme showed a significant indirect negative association with the prevalence of anaemia (standard coefficient=−0·029,P=0·047). There was a direct association between FAP and dietary and socio-economic conditions. FAP could indirectly modify the prevalence of anaemia in young children with a direct improvement on dietary and socio-economic conditions. The unexpected finding of the association between RMA, dietary and socio-economic conditions and the prevalence of anaemia reflects differences in the focus of the programmes.
Forest conservation incentives and deforestation in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: JONES KELLY W. , HOLLAND MARGARET B. , NAUGHTON-TREVES LISA , MORALES MANUEL , SUAREZ LUIS , KEENAN KAYLA
Published: August 2016

Forest conservation incentives are a popular approach to combatting tropical deforestation. Here we consider a case where direct economic incentives for forest conservation were offered to newly titled smallholders in a buffer zone of a protected area in the northeastern Ecuadorian Amazon. We used quasi-experimental impact evaluation methods to estimate changes in forest cover for 63 smallholders enrolled in Ecuador's Socio Bosque program compared to similar households that did not enroll. Focus group interviews in 15 communities provided insight into why landowners enrolled in the program and how land use is changing. The conservation incentives program reduced average annual deforestation by 0.4–0.5% between 2011 and 2013 for those enrolled, representing as much as a 70% reduction in deforestation attributable to Socio Bosque. Focus group interviews suggested that some landowners chose to ‘invest’ in conservation because the agricultural capacity of their land was limited and economic incentives provided an alternative livelihood strategy. Interviews, however, indicated limits to increasing enrollment rates under current conditions, due to lack of trust and liquidity constraints. Overall, a hybrid public–private governance approach can lead to larger conservation outcomes than restrictions alone.
Health, wealth and party in inter-war London
Authors: SEYMOUR JANE K. , GORSKY MARTIN , HAJAT SHAKOOR
Published: August 2016

This article examines public health spending, health outcomes and political complexion in London's 28 Metropolitan Borough Councils (MBCs) in the inter-war period. It describes the place of the MBCs in the governance of the capital and demonstrates the variety of experience across the different boroughs in terms of wealth, politics and mortality. Searching for potential causes of differences in outcomes, it discovers some positive statistical relationships between the extent of Labour party presence on the councils, local spending and health outcomes. Our tentative conclusion is that local democratic processes could lead to distinctive and beneficial public health policies, albeit within the context of other local and structural determining factors.