bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İsmail Hakkı İzmirli (1932), Philosophical Currents in Islam: Ibn Khaldun (732‐808)
Authors: Ardıç Nurullah
Published: September 2022

A leading intellectual of the late‐Ottoman and early‐Turkish Republican period, İsmail Hakkı İzmirli taught philosophy, theology, and law in İstanbul, and was a prolific writer, with more than forty‐five published and unpublished books, and many articles. The article reproduced here in translation, which was part of a series of articles on leading Muslim thinkers, is on the life and work of Ibn Khaldun, in which the author both briefly introduces his major books (al‐‘Ibar, al‐Muqaddima, and al‐Ta'rif in particular) and outlines his methodological principles and main arguments in the Muqaddima. İzmirli treats Ibn Khaldun as a philosopher and historian, admiring his philosophical views and methodological perspective as quite original and in many ways trailblazing, though he also criticizes him for unnecessarily “delving into useless issues such as Sufism.” Finally, he frequently compares him with both Muslim and Western intellectuals, e.g. Ibn Rushd, Ibn Miskawayh, al‐Farabi, Ibn Bâjja, Niẓām al‐Mulk, and Edward Gibbon, Marx, Spencer, and Comte, often finding Ibn Khaldun as a pioneer anticipating the ideas of later thinkers. He devotes a separate section to compare him with Machiavelli, emphasizing differences as well as similarities between the two, and likening the latter to a “disciple” of Ibn Khaldun's, claiming that “Machiavelli followed his mentor's path in his The Prince.”
Protein interactions network of goat innate immune signalling pathway proteins and Haemonchus contortus excretory‐secretory proteins
Authors: Wang Wenxuan , Xie Tanghui , Jiang Fan , Jiang Yaoxin , Jin Zhe , Yang Zhe , Kong Mei , Cheng Lei , Fu Liangliang , Du Xiaoyong
Published: September 2022

Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) has caused a huge impact on the animal husbandry economy in the world's tropical and subtropical regions. Innate immunity is the first‐line of host defence. The host recognizes pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through a variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activates downstream signalling pathways to resist pathogens invasion. Therefore, elucidating the immune interaction between host and pathogen is key to understanding how the host resists the pathogen. We identified 1516 protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between goat innate immune signal pathway proteins and H. contortus excretory‐secretory proteins (ESPs) by Recombination‐based “Library vs. Library” yeast two‐hybrid system (RLL‐Y2H) and constructed the PPIs network. Among them, the NLR and IL‐17 signalling pathways have the most protein interactions. And there were more interaction proteins between NOD1 and MUC5AC proteins in the pathways. Combined with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of susceptible and resistant goats identified in the preliminary work of our laboratory, we selected the intersection genes to construct the PPIs network, and TRAF2 appeared as a key protein of goat innate immune signalling pathway. We initially studied the PPIs between goat and H. contortus ESPs, which provides valuable information for better understanding the immune interaction between the goats and the H. contortus.
Supply chain fairness
Authors: Chen Li , Lee Hau L. , Tang Christopher S.
Published: September 2022

Supply chain fairness refers to the practices that members in a supply chain treat each other. Due to imperfections of a competitive market, some members could exploit their positions or circumstances that enabled them to gain excessive advantage over others. Such unfair practices could be in the form of unfair prices, unfair trade, or unfair pay. The COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed many vulnerabilities of global supply chains, but it also unearthed unfair supply chain practices. Yet, some firms are developing new initiatives to address various supply chain fairness issues, potentially creating strategic values. These observations motivate us to examine the potential benefits, identify underlying challenges, and discuss emerging opportunities for improving fairness in supply chains. This examination has highlighted the potential of a rich research agenda, and we propose research questions for further exploration.
Predicting field diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: A review
Authors: Reich Jonathan , Chatterton Syama
Published: September 2022

Predicting diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in field crops remains difficult, and published literature is largely inconsistent in finding significant relationships with environmental and agronomic factors for various life stages of the fungus. A scoping review was performed to synthesize the current quantitative insights into the role of the environment on the life cycle of S. sclerotiorum and the relationships between various life stages of the fungus and final disease expression under field conditions. For most variables, relationships with stages of the life cycle showed a wide range of responses ranging from closely related (high correlations or r2 values) to not related at all. The effects were often moderated by year, location and/or the presence of another variable such as irrigation, soil type, row spacing or cultivar. Studies that based analysis on a more nuanced understanding of pathogen biology rather than looking only at linear relationships tended to find stronger associations between variables. Yield was consistently negatively associated with disease levels, but cultivar, year, location and planting density were all important determinants of yield. Suggestions for improvement to future research in predictive model development of S. sclerotiorum diseases are discussed.
High diversity and clonality are hallmarks of Fusarium circinatum in South Africa
Authors: Fru Felix F. , Wingfield Michael J. , Roux Jolanda , Steenkamp Emma T.
Published: September 2022

Pitch canker on plantation‐grown Pinus species, caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium circinatum, first appeared in the western and southern Cape regions of South Africa. However, outbreaks have subsequently been reported from the major plantation growing regions of KwaZulu‐Natal and Limpopo in the eastern, summer rainfall regions of the country. It is more than 10 years since the last detailed population genetics studies on F. circinatum in the region were conducted. To shed light on the population biology of F. circinatum in this region of South Africa, we used microsatellite markers and mating‐type assays to study a collection of 296 isolates from different nurseries and plantation sites. Our results showed that populations in the region are highly diverse, but strongly interconnected, with various genotypes shared across nursery and plantation collection sites. In contrast to nursery populations, those associated with pitch canker outbreaks were characterized by the presence of relatively small numbers of dominant genotypes that were generally widespread across the region. Opposite mating‐type individuals occurred in most of the isolate collections, but multilocus linkage disequilibrium analyses pointed towards clonality being the main reproductive mode of F. circinatum in the region. Most of the pathogen's genetic variation could probably have resulted from multiple different introductions into the country and more specifically, into the summer rainfall region. Because the spread and establishment of invasive pathogens are typically driven by aggressive clones, the results of this study provide important considerations for current and future Pinus disease management strategies.
Brain mechanisms of automated conflict avoidance simulator supervision
Authors: Somon Bertille , Campagne Aurélie , Delorme Arnaud , Berberian Bruno
Published: September 2022

Supervision of automated systems is an ubiquitous aspect of most of our everyday life activities which is even more necessary in high risk industries (aeronautics, power plants, etc.). Performance monitoring related to our own error making has been widely studied. Here we propose to assess the neurofunctional correlates of system error detection. We used an aviation‐based conflict avoidance simulator with a 40% error‐rate and recorded the electroencephalographic activity of participants while they were supervising it. Neural dynamics related to the supervision of system's correct and erroneous responses were assessed in the time and time‐frequency domains to address the dynamics of the error detection process in this environment. Two levels of perceptual difficulty were introduced to assess their effect on system's error detection‐related evoked activity. Using a robust cluster‐based permutation test, we observed a lower widespread evoked activity in the time domain for errors compared to correct responses detection, as well as a higher theta‐band activity in the time‐frequency domain dissociating the detection of erroneous from that of correct system responses. We also showed a significant effect of difficulty on time‐domain evoked activity, and of the phase of the experiment on spectral activity: a decrease in early theta and alpha at the end of the experiment, as well as interaction effects in theta and alpha frequency bands. These results improve our understanding of the brain dynamics of performance monitoring activity in closer‐to‐real‐life settings and are a promising avenue for the detection of error‐related components in ecological and dynamic tasks.
Within‐ and between‐subject consistency of perceptual segmentation in periodic noise: A combined behavioral tapping and EEG study
Authors: Ringer Hanna , Schröger Erich , Grimm Sabine
Published: September 2022

It is remarkable that human listeners can perceive periodicity in noise, as the isochronous repetition of a particular noise segment is not accompanied by salient physical cues in the acoustic signal. Previous research suggested that listeners rely on short temporally local and idiosyncratic features to perceptually segment periodic noise sequences. The present study sought to test this assumption by disentangling consistency of perceptual segmentation within and between listeners. Presented periodic noise sequences either consisted of seamless repetitions of a 500‐ms segment or of repetitions of a 200‐ms segment that were interleaved with 300‐ms portions of random noise. Both within‐ and between‐subject consistency was stronger for interleaved (compared with seamless) periodic sequences. The increased consistency likely resulted from reduced temporal jitter of potential features used for perceptual segmentation when the recurring segment was shorter and occurred interleaved with random noise. These results support the notion that perceptual segmentation of periodic noise relies on subtle temporally local features. However, the finding that some specific noise sequences were segmented more consistently across listeners than others challenges the assumption that the features are necessarily idiosyncratic. Instead, in some specific noise samples, a preference for certain spectral features is shared between individuals.
Flood risk mapping and analysis using an integrated framework of machine learning models and analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Bui Quynh Duy , Luu Chinh , Mai Sy Hung , Ha Hang Thi , Ta Huong Thu , Pham Binh Thai
Published: September 2022

In this study, a new approach of machine learning (ML) models integrated with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was proposed to develop a holistic flood risk assessment map. Flood susceptibility maps were created using ML techniques. AHP was utilized to combine flood vulnerability and exposure criteria. We selected Quang Binh province of Vietnam as a case study and collected available data, including 696 flooding locations of historical flooding events in 2007, 2010, 2016, and 2020; and flood influencing factors of elevation, slope, curvature, flow direction, flow accumulation, distance from river, river density, land cover, geology, and rainfall. These data were used to construct training and testing datasets. The susceptibility models were validated and compared using statistical techniques. An integrated flood risk assessment framework was proposed to incorporate flood hazard (flood susceptibility), flood exposure (distance from river, land use, population density, and rainfall), and flood vulnerability (poverty rate, number of freshwater stations, road density, number of schools, and healthcare facilities). Model validation suggested that deep learning has the best performance of AUC = 0.984 compared with other ensemble models of MultiBoostAB Ensemble (0.958), Random SubSpace Ensemble (0.962), and credal decision tree (AUC = 0.918). The final flood risk map shows 5075 ha (0.63%) in extremely high risk, 47,955 ha (5.95%) in high‐risk, 40,460 ha (5.02%) in medium risk, 431,908 ha (53.55%) in low risk areas, and 281,127 ha (34.86%) in very low risk. The present study highlights that the integration of ML models and AHP is a promising framework for mapping flood risks in flood‐prone areas.
Semi-Parametric Time-to-Event Modelling of Lengths of Hospital Stays
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Hao , Wang Xiaoshen , Tu Wanzhu
Published: September 2022

Length of stay (LOS) is an essential metric for the quality of hospital care. Published works on LOS analysis have primarily focused on skewed LOS distributions and the influences of patient diagnostic characteristics. Few authors have considered the events that terminate a hospital stay: Both successful discharge and death could end a hospital stay but with completely different implications. Modelling the time to the first occurrence of discharge or death obscures the true nature of LOS. In this research, we propose a structure that simultaneously models the probabilities of discharge and death. The model has a flexible formulation that accounts for both additive and multiplicative effects of factors influencing the occurrence of death and discharge. We present asymptotic properties of the parameter estimates so that valid inference can be performed for the parametric as well as nonparametric model components. Simulation studies confirmed the good finite-sample performance of the proposed method. As the research is motivated by practical issues encountered in LOS analysis, we analysed data from two real clinical studies to showcase the general applicability of the proposed model.
Saving zone of stasis in burn wounds by nanoliposomal Mg‐ATP
Authors: Hayati Farzad , Ghamsari Seyed Mehdi , Dehghan Mohammad Mehdi , Taghipour Hamid
Published: September 2022

ATP is a crucial molecule for every energy‐dependent process in cells. In ischemic tissues, ATP production declines, and it finally results in cell death. One of the most common strategies in burn wound management is saving the zone of ischemia. In the current study, Mg‐ATP‐containing nanoliposomes were formulated and studied in vitro and in vivo. The particle size of the vesicles was between 50 and 100 nm and the mean zeta potential was −4.05 ± 0.52 mV as evaluated by dynamic light scattering and Zeta sizer instrument, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of ATP in the nanoliposomes was found to be 9.3%. The morphology and size of nanoliposomes were further studied by transmission electron microscopy. The standard MTT assay revealed no cytotoxicity of the nanoliposomes when tested on the rat fibroblast cells. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups (N = 10 each). Burn wounds were created by burn comb model on the back of the rats and the zone of stasis in each group was treated every 12 h for 3 days by injecting them with the Mg‐ATP‐nanoliposomes. Control samples included empty nanoliposomes, unencapsulated Mg‐ATP and the Krebs–Henseleit buffer. Laser Doppler flowmetry results revealed that blood perfusion in the zone of ischemia in rats treated with Mg‐ATP‐nanoliposomes was more than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Histopathology revealed saving zone of stasis by Mg‐ATP‐nanoliposomes. Findings obtained in this study demonstrated that the formulated Mg‐ATP‐nanoliposome has the potential to save the stasis zone in burn wounds.
Comparative Study Between Energy Performances of Non-Renewable and Renewable Source Based Grid-Tied HVAC Systems in Subtropical Climates
Authors: Rashid Md Moontasir , Chowdhury Gulam Mahfuz , Sultana Tasnia
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to research the energy performance comparison of two types of HVAC systems for subtropical regions. Two HVAC models are simulated using DesignBuilder: (1) non-renewable energy source (non-RES) based HVAC system and (2) renewable energy source (RES) based grid-tied HVAC system. For simplicity of design, a three-story university building with multiple zones was built and the Bangladeshi weather condition was used for the simulation. The boiler and chiller are fueled by electricity and natural gas in a non-RES based HVAC model. Solar PV is installed on the rooftop of the university building as part of the RES based HVAC design, while ground source heat pumps (GSHP) are employed to only supply heating. This study also demonstrates that RES based HVAC models are preferable to non-RES based models because it reduces the need for natural gas, which really is limited in current world and produces greater CO2. Solar PV essentially lessens reliance on grid-fed electricity, which is essentially powered by natural gas. The RES based HVAC model is the most sustainable and appropriate choice for subtropical climate conditions also because of adequate renewable energy resources which apparently have a fixed cost but no variable or (operation and maintenance) O&M cost. Additional research in this work demonstrates that, in the case of RES based design, photovoltaic-fed electricity can partially meet the cooling requirement, which is higher than the heating demand. In essence, the comparison analysis confirms that RES is preferable to non-RES design.
Load–Velocity Relationship to Estimate the One-Repetition Maximum in the Hexagonal Bar Deadlift Exercise in Women
Authors: Gantois Petrus , Gilo Drumond , Denise Ana , Muñoz-López Alejandro , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo , de Souza Fonseca Fabiano
Published: September 2022

In this study, we examined the load–velocity relationship in the hexagonal bar deadlift exercise in women. Twenty-seven resistance-trained women were recruited. Participants performed a progressive load test up to the one-repetition maximum (1RM) load for determining the individual load–velocity relationship in the hexagonal bar deadlift exercise. Bar velocity was measured in every repetition through a linear encoder. A very strong and negative relationship was found between the %1RM and bar velocity for the linear (R2 = .94; standard error of the estimation = 5.43% 1RM) and second-order polynomial (R2 = .95) regression models. The individual load–velocity relationship provided even better adjustments (R2 = .98; coefficient of variation = 1.77%) than the general equation. High agreement level and low bias were found between actual and predicted 1RM for the general load–velocity relationship (intraclass correlation coefficient = .97 and 95% confidence interval [0.90, 0.99]; bias = −2.59 kg). In conclusion, bar velocity can be used to predict 1RM with high accuracy during hexagonal bar deadlift exercise in resistance-trained women.
Loyal gut microbes
Authors: Moeller Andrew H.
Published: September 2022

Bacterial strains in the gut microbiota diversified as humans spread across the globe
U.S. Antarctic Program has ignored sexual harassment
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

Decades of complaints have gone unheeded by NSF and contractors managing operations, employees say
Draft Genome Sequence of the Drought-Tolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Bacillus altitudinis UKM RB11, Isolated from Upland Paddy Rhizosphere
Authors: Kamal Rafedzi Emmyrafedziawati Aida , Abu Bakar Mohd Faizal , Bharudin Izwan , Kamarudin Shazilah , Abu Bakar Farah Diba , Abdul Murad Abdul Munir
Published: September 2022

Asia’s paddy areas endure tropical and equatorial monsoon climates and are prone to drought stress. The drought-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) strain
Bacillus altitudinis
UKM RB11 was isolated from upland paddy soil in Malaysia. Its 3.7-Mb genome sequence contains numerous genes involved with tolerance to drought and high temperatures and plant growth promotion.
Redox Brake Regulator RedB and FnrL Function as Yin-Yang Regulators of Anaerobic-Aerobic Metabolism in Rhodobacter capsulatus
Authors: Ke Nijia , Kumka Joseph E. , Fang Mingxu , Weaver Brian , Burstyn Judith N. , Bauer Carl E.
Published: September 2022

The CRP/FNR family of regulatory proteins constitutes a large collection of related transcription factors, several of which globally regulate cellular energy production. A well-characterized example is FNR (called FnrL in
Rhodobacter capsulatus
), which is responsible for regulating the expression of numerous genes that promote maximal energy production and growth under anaerobic conditions.
Persistent retroperitoneal haematoma from undiagnosed renal cell carcinoma in a young trauma patient
Authors: Barns Mitchell Egerton , Stewart Bryce , Cernelc Janez , Yuminaga Yuigi
Published: September 2022

A man in his 20s presents to the emergency department after a water skiing accident and was diagnosed with a grade 3 left renal laceration. He subsequently required cystoscopic insertion of a ureteric stent after failing a trial of conservative management. Over the next 9 months, he re-presented to the hospital twice with increasing flank pain and fevers. Subsequent imaging demonstrated interval progression of the retroperitoneal haematoma with a suspicious calcified lower pole lesion which was biopsied subsequently and revealed malignant tissue. External compression of the kidney by this large haematoma was also thought to be contributing to a state of Page kidney. The patient underwent definitive management with an open left-sided radical nephrectomy which confirmed type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma. The patient is now normotensive and back to his baseline function. He will undergo surveillance CT imaging and be referred to familial genetic services.
The age limit for euthanasia requests in the Netherlands: a Delphi study among paediatric experts
Authors: de Keijzer Sedona Celine , Widdershoven Guy , Verhagen A A Eduard , Pasman H Roeline
Published: September 2022

Background

The Dutch Euthanasia Act applies to patients 12 years and older, which makes euthanasia for minors younger than 12 legally impossible. The issue under discussion specifically regards the capacity of minors to request euthanasia.

Objective

Gain insight in paediatric experts’ views about which criteria are important to assess capacity, from what age minors can meet those criteria, what an assessment procedure should look like and what role parents should have.

Methods

A Delphi study with 16 experts (paediatricians, paediatric nurses and paediatric psychologists) who work in Children Comfort Teams in Dutch academic hospitals. The questionnaire contained statements concerning criteria for capacity and procedural criteria. Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement.

Results

The experts agreed that five criteria for capacity, found in a previous literature study, are all important. They agreed that some children between ages 9 and 11 could meet all the criteria. Consensus was reached for the statements that the entire medical team should be involved in the decision making and that a second independent expert must assess the case. Experts agreed that the parents’ opinion is relevant and should always be taken into account, but it need not be decisive.

Conclusion

This study shows that the age limit of 12 years in the Dutch Euthanasia Act is too strong according to paediatric experts. Letting go of the age limit or lowering the age limit combined with adequate capacity assessment for minors younger than 12 are options that should be discussed further.
AAC Cranbrook spring barley
Authors: Khanal Raja , Thomas Stephen , Morrison Hannah , Beek Sharon ter , Tucker James R. , Badea Ana , Choo Thin Meiw
Published: September 2022

AAC Cranbrook (registration #9545) is a six-row spring general purpose barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar derived from the cross Synasolis/OAC Chesley//Cyane using a modified bulk breeding method. AAC Cranbrook has 9% higher grain yield than Cyane and 4% higher grain yield than HY621-6R, and it has good lodging resistance. AAC Cranbrook performs well in Ontario.
On the equivalence of two definitions of conformal primary fields in d > 2 dimensions
Authors: Campos Delgado Ruben
Published: September 2022

Conformal primary fields are of central importance in a conformal field theory with d > 2 spacetime dimensions. They can be defined in two ways. A first definition involves commutators between the field and the generators of the conformal group; a second definition characterizes a primary field according to its behaviour under a finite conformal transformation. In the existing literature, the proof of the equivalence of the definitions is either omitted or carried out with little details. In this paper we present a clear and concise review of the two definitions and provide a simple and detailed proof for their equivalence, using some minimal results from quantum field theory and basic properties of conformal transformations. The paper is intended as a tutorial for an introductory lecture course in conformal field theory.
Investigation of Bond Energy Effect on the Electronic Band Structure of Penta-Graphene using Tight-Binding Method
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Taghi , Balkanloo Roghayeh Gozali , Rahmani Meisam , Abazari Amir Musa
Published: September 2022

Graphene is a semiconductor with zero band-gap, meaning that the energy difference between the valence band and conduction band is zero. This characteristic is not a good feature for making electronic devices such as transistors and sensors. Therefore, by changing the structure of graphene, a new sample of graphene as “penta graphene” with a non-zero band-gap can be obtained. Penta graphene as a new and stable carbon allotrope is stronger than graphene. It is a nonconductor material in which the transfer of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band is very low. In this research, an attempt has been made by solving the Schrödinger equation for two bond energies t and tp and finally by equating these two energies in the equation, two bands of valence and conduction in penta graphene meet at two points and there is an overlap in this case. Considering the real part of the roots and regardless of their imaginary part, the diagrams of energy E as a function of wave vector k can be obtained for different amounts of bond energy. The results demonstrate that by increasing the value of t, the band gap decreases and there is an overlap between the conduction and valance bands.
Burden and Determinants of Anemia among Under-Five Children in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tadesse Sisay Eshete , Zerga Aregash Abebayehu , Mekonnen Tefera Chane , Tadesse Abay Woday , Hussien Fozia Mohammed , Feleke Yitbarek Wasihun , Anagaw Melaku Yalew , Ayele Fanos Yeshanew
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Globally, anemia among under-five children is a serious public health problem. Even if there are pocket studies here and there, there is limited evidence on the pooled prevalence of anemia among under-five children in Africa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of anemia. Methods and Analysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was done following the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was made in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, HINARI, and Ethiopian Journal of Health Development for studies published since 2009. It was supplemented with Google Scholar search. Study selection, data extraction, and quality of studies were assessed by eight reviewers. The Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistic were used to test the heterogeneity of studies. A random-effects model of DerSimonian-Laird method was used. Result. A total of 37 articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia among under-five children in Africa was 59% (95% CI: 55, 63). Being female (AOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.87), maternal education (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.31, 1.66), residence (AOR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.95), and family size (AOR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.98) were the determinants of anemia among African under-five children. Conclusion and Recommendation. This pooled study revealed that anemia was a severe public health problem. Sex, maternal education, residence, and family size were the determinants of anemia. Therefore, anemia prevention strategy should include sex consideration, educating mothers through youth education, area specific intervention, and encouraging birth spacing.
Aerobic Exercise Regulates Apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway to Improve Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice
Authors: Peng Yan , Chi Rui , Liu Gang , Tian Weijie , Zhang Jun , Zhang Rihui
Published: September 2022

Neuronal apoptosis is an important factor in the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aerobic exercise (AE) enhances learning and memory, improves cognitive impairment, increases telomere binding protein expression, and decreases apoptosis regulators, but it remains unclear whether it can improve cognitive impairment caused by neuronal apoptosis in AD. Therefore, this study investigated whether an 8-week running table exercise intervention could reduce apoptosis and improve cognitive function in the hippocampal neurons of AD model mice. After the exercise intervention, we evaluated the learning memory ability (positioning, navigation, and spatial search) of mice using a Morris water labyrinth, Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and protein application to detect hippocampal PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway protein and hippocampal neuronal cell apoptosis protein B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and apoptosis-promoting protein bcl-2-related X (Bax) protein expression. The results showed that aerobic exercise improved the location and spatial exploration ability of mice, increased the number of PI3K- and p-Akt-positive cells, increased the expression of PI3K, p-Akt, and bcl-2 proteins, decreased the expression of GSK-3β and Bax proteins, and increased the bcl-2/Bax ratio of mice. The results suggest that aerobic exercise can reduce apoptosis and improve cognitive function in AD mice. The molecular mechanism may involve activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
Classification of Silicon (Si) Wafer Material Defects in Semiconductor Choosers using a Deep Learning ShuffleNet-v2-CNN Model
Authors: Doss Rajesh , Ramakrishnan Jayabrabu , Kavitha S. , Ramkumar S. , Charlyn Pushpa Latha G. , Ramaswamy Kiran
Published: September 2022

The silicon wafer is one of the raw materials used to make semiconductor chipsets. Semiconductor failure or dysfunction could be the result of defects in the layers of this material. As a result, it is essential to work toward the development of a system that is both quick and precise in identifying and classifying wafer defects. Wafer map analysis is necessary for the quality control and analysis of the semiconductor manufacturing process. There are some failure patterns that can be displayed by wafer maps. These patterns can provide essential details that can assist engineers in determining the reason of wafer failures. In this research, a deep-learning-based silicon wafer defect identification and classification model is proposed. The main objective of this research is to identify and classify the silicon wafer defects using the wafer map images. This proposed model identifies and classifies the defects based on the wafer map images from the WM-811K dataset. The proposed model is composed of a pretrained deep transfer learning model called ShuffleNet-v2 with convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. This ShuffleNet-v2-CNN performs the defects identification and classification process following the workflow of data preprocessing, data augmentation, feature extraction, and classification. For performance evaluation, the proposed ShuffleNet-v2-CNN is evaluated with performance metrics like accuracy, recall, precision, and f1-score. The proposed model has obtained an overall accuracy of 96.93%, 95.40% precision, 96.26% recall, and 95.75% F1-score in classifying the silicon wafer defects based on the wafer map images.
SH005S7 Overcomes Primary and Acquired Resistance of Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer by Combined MET/EGFR/HER3 Inhibition
Authors: Kang Sooyeon , Kim Ji Hye , Hong Jisoo , Moon Ji Hong , Kwon Yun Young , Ko Seong-Gyu
Published: September 2022

In this study, we have examined the anticancer effects of SH005S7 on MET‐amplified and (HCC827GR) NSCLC cells and their primary HCC827 cells. In vitro, first of all, cell viability and colony formation assay confirmed the growth inhibitory effects of SH005S7 on both cells. Second, SH005S7 inactivated EGFR‐related multiple cell signaling, which was associated with a marked decrease in the constitutive phosphorylation of EGFR, HER3, MET, AKT, and ERK. Third, SH005S7 attenuated the anchorage‐independent cell growth. Fourth, SH005S7 blocked invasive and metastatic capability by downregulation of mesenchymal markers—vimentin, snail, and MMP‐9. Fifth, BrdU assay confirmed the cell cycle arrest of SH005S7 on these cells. When administered orally to nude mice xenografically transplanted human NSCLC, SH005S7 inhibited the growth of tumor and did not cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in animals. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses of tissue showed that the suppression of growth correlated with inhibition of proliferation (Ki‐67, PCNA), invasiveness (vimentin, snail), and angiogenesis (CD31) marker and decrement in the constitutive and phosphorylation of EGFR, HER3, MET, AKT, and ERK. Additionally, SH005S7 had immune stimulatory effects by TNF‐α cytokine release on macrophage, without cell cytotoxicity. Overall, our results suggest that SH005S7 can inhibit the growth of MET‐amplified and gefitinib‐resistant NSCLC cells through the suppression of EGFR‐related multiple targets linked to overcome gefitinib resistance.
Investigation on Prevalence of Canine Trypanosomiasis in the Conservation Areas of Bwindi-Mgahinga and Queen Elizabeth in Western Uganda
Authors: Ochieng James Robert , Bachs Marta Planellas , Nsubuga Anthony , Rwego Innocent B. , Kisakye John Joseph M. , Riba Laura Muro , Figueres Jesus Muro
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, despite the instauration of several control strategies, animal trypanosomiasis continues to be reported all over Uganda. Few canine African trypanosomiasis (CAT) studies have been carried out, yet dogs are known Trypanosoma reservoirs that share identical home ranges with livestock and serve as parasite link between livestock and humans. This study evaluates the prevalence of CAT in dogs in the Bwindi-Mgahinga and Queen Elizabeth conservation areas. This information will be useful to evaluate the possible role of dogs in the transmission cycle of Trypanosoma species in livestock and wild animals. Trypanosome tests using microhematocrit centrifugation/dark ground microscopy technique (MHCT) followed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) were performed in blood samples collected from identified indigenous dogs (

n
=
124

). Four (3.23%) out of 124 dogs were positive for CAT. One dog was positive with Trypanosoma congolense and three with T. vivax. There was no significant statistical difference in CAT prevalence rate in relation to dog’s age, sex, and site (

P
>
0.05

). This study reports what we believe is the first time detection of T. congolense and T. vivax in the indigenous dogs found in the Bwindi-Mgahinga and Queen Elizabeth conservation areas in western Uganda. The noticed T. congolense and T. vivax could be responsible for both canine and animal trypanosomiasis and represent a serious threat to the livestock industry. Therefore, there is a need for continuous trypanosomiasis surveillance and integrated management in contiguity to wildlife reserves.
Epidural Anesthesia versus General Anesthesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty: Influences on Perioperative Cognitive Function and Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Ma Tao , Li Guanhua , Zhang Hao , Zhang Yingxin , Wang Lei , Wu Hailong , Chu Yang , Zhao Xiaoli , Wang Wei
Published: September 2022

Purpose. This research mainly discussed the impacts of epidural anesthesia (EA) and general anesthesia (GA) on perioperative cognitive function (CF) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods. One hundred and twenty-four patients undergoing TKA in our hospital between July 2015 and October 2021 were selected, of which 74 patients received EA (research group) and the other 50 patients received GA (control group). Perioperative CF, DVT, stress response indicators (norepinephrine, NE; cortisol, Cor), and heart rate (HR) levels were observed and compared. Risk factors affecting DVT of TKA patients were analyzed by logistic regression. Results. The research group had statistically better CF than the control group, with notably lower NE, Cor, and HR levels and incidence of DVT. Logistic regression analysis showed that the type of anesthesia and MoCA were risk factors for DVT in TKA patients. Conclusion. EA is more feasible for patients undergoing TKA, which is conducive to improving their CF, relieving stress responses, and reducing the incidence of DVT, with a certain sedative effect.
The Line Pressure Detection for Autonomous Vehicles Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Xuexi , Li Ying , Zhan Ruidian , Chen Jiayang , Li Junxian
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, vehicle line pressure detection is an important function of an intelligent transportation system. At present, the line pressure detection algorithms mainly include algorithms based on traditional features and models and algorithms based on deep learning. However, these algorithms also have shortcomings such as low detection accuracy or relying on specific scenarios. In this regard, this paper proposes a fast and accurate vehicle line detection algorithm based on deep learning for vehicle images. The algorithm builds a GooleNet-based FCN semantic segmentation network and adds a BN layer, 1 × 1 convolution, and FPN structure to improve the segmentation effect of the GooleNet-FCN network and reduce network parameters. The MobileNet-SSD (no pretrained model) network structure is used for vehicle detection. According to the relationship between the receptive field and the anchor, and then combined with specific data, the prediction branch of the network and the Default Box on the branch are modified and the FPN structure is added for feature fusion to form the final improved MobileNet-SSD network. The experimental results show that the algorithm takes an average time of 67.8 ms per frame, the detection rate of line pressing for a vehicle is 96.6%, and the deep learning models are 25.5 M and 19.2 M, respectively. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and practicality of the detection algorithm proposed in this paper.
Effect of Gender on Serum Leptin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A System Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Yushan , Chen Xiao , Gong Xingji , Yao Jian , He Dongyong , Du Wenjie
Published: September 2022

Objective. To assess the effect of gender factors on serum leptin levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods. To remove any studies that indicated a relationship between leptin-based inflammatory variables and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in particular patient categories, a comprehensive search of all articles published between July 2019 and June 2021 was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO Host, including Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. A summary description of the combined analysis across multiple centers, regions, and continents will help us better understand the effect of gender on serum leptin levels in patients with diabetes. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software on the literature that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. Plasma CRP levels in women with type 2 diabetes were found to be no different from those in males with type 2 diabetes, with an OR of 0.12, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) of 0.12 to 0.12,

P
=
0.01

. There was no statistically significant difference in the plasma level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) between women with type 2 diabetes and males with type 2 diabetes However, the “inverted funnel” diagram is asymmetrical, indicating a publication bias in the included studies, despite the fact that there was no statistically significant difference in abnormal leptin levels between men with type 2 diabetes and women patients (

OR
=
−
0.69

, 95 percent CI (0.88, 1.00),

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Gender factors did not affect the level of inflammatory factors and leptin level in type 2 diabetes.
Single-Object-Based Region Growth: Key Area Localization Model for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification
Authors: Li Feiyang , Wang Jiangtao , Wang Mingyang , Wang Ziyang
Published: September 2022

Remote sensing image scene classification is a challenging task due to the large differences within the same classes and a large number of similar scenes among different classes. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a single-object-based region growth algorithm to effectively localize the most key area in the whole image, so as to generate more discriminative local fine-grained features for the image scene. Concurrently, a local-global two-branch network is designed to utilize the features of the images from multiple perspectives, respectively. Specially, the global branch extracts global features (such as contour, texture) from the whole image, and local branch extracts more local features from the local key area. Finally, the global and local classification scores are integrated to make the final decision. Experiments are performed on three publicly available data sets, and the results show that this method can achieve higher accuracy compared to most existing state-of-the-art methods.
Commonality Benefit Analysis for Maintenance Technical Publications of Civil Aircraft Based on Learning Effect
Authors: ZHANG Yongjie , ZENG Yongqi , CAO Kang , JIANG Yuefan , LIANG Ke
Published: September 2022

The maintenance technical publications of civil aircraft are important engineering information for maintaining the continued airworthiness of aircraft, strictly guiding the maintenance of aircraft, and seriously affecting the efficiency of aircraft maintenance. The commonality between maintenance technical publications corresponding to different aircraft types brings primitive experience to aircraft operators for the maintenance of newly introduced types, which can accelerate the adaptation of maintenance personnel and reduce the maintenance time of aircraft. To quantify the commonality of maintenance technical publications, we constructed a commonality evaluation system for maintenance technical publications by combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method. Then, a commonality benefit evaluation model of maintenance technical publications is established by analyzing the impact of commonality on the learning effect, which can analyze and calculate the monthly maintenance time savings of newly introduced models after the effects of commonality. The commonality benefit analysis for maintenance technical publications in this paper is mainly for aircraft operators, which can provide the reference for their decision to introduce new aircraft types.
Motion Video Image Based on Sensor and Multiprocessing Technology in Track and Field Sports
Authors: Tian Zhongxin
Published: September 2022

In order to use motion video image processing technology to better guide and evaluate athletes’ technical and tactical ability, this paper first constructed a motion video image acquisition system. Secondly, a fuzzy kernel estimation method for uniform linear motion based on cepstrum property is proposed. Then, the motion blur areas to be processed are selected, and only these areas are deblurred. Finally, the effective removal of local motion blur is realized, and a clear scene image is obtained. Then, the maximum value of the total entropy of the image is calculated by using the information entropy theory, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced to find the maximum threshold of image segmentation. Finally, small wave optical flow estimation algorithm and rectangular window scanning algorithm across scales of motion image target detection algorithm are proposed, to not only solve the traditional optical flow estimation for fast moving object detection accuracy but also improve the efficiency of the optical flow computation. Compared to many kinds of algorithms, this paper proposed an algorithm that can improve the accuracy of moving target detection and measurement accuracy. And, the detection accuracy of the proposed algorithm is up to 86.5%. The estimated accuracy was as high as 65%. The segmentation accuracy is up to 95%.
Power Grid Intelligent Energy Dispatching Interactive System Based on Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Hu Wenjian , Yang Yang , Liu Baoan , Guo Siyan , Zhang Kuizhong
Published: September 2022

Objective. In order to improve the intelligence of power grid energy dispatching, this study proposes an interactive system of power grid intelligent energy dispatch based on virtual reality technology. Through the introduction of the main functions of the intelligent energy dispatching visualization system and the analysis of the construction of software and hardware, as well as the application of the actual power energy dispatching real-time operation visualization system, the system is described in detail and applied. The application results show that since the application of the system, the accuracy rate of comprehensive intelligent early warning is 100%, the monthly availability rate is 100%, and the average processing time of single fault scanning is less than 2 s. Conclusion. The system has good application prospects and in-depth research value and provides technical support for the further development of the smart grid.