bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF A SPANISH LANGUAGE SCALE FOR SCREENING ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY
Authors: Benjet Corina , Borges Guilherme , Wagner Fernando A. , Medina-Mora Maria Elena
Published: May 2006

The psychometric properties and construct validity of a Spanish self-report scale for screening antisocial personality (ASP) are evaluated. Evidence for validity was sought by comparing a household and an emergency room (ER) sample. Nine hundred and twenty men and women were part of
a multistage, stratified, probability sample drawn from all 18–65 year olds in a city in Mexico. ER participants were 1511 patients 18–65 years of age sampled from the three main hospital emergency rooms in that city. Results suggest an adequate internal consistency and a one-factor
structure. Significantly more ASP cases were identified in the ER compared to the household sample, the injured compared to the household sample, the injured compared to the sick, in those whose injuries involved violence, those who had used drugs in the previous 12 months, those who were
moderate to heavy drinkers, and those who were alcohol dependent. The advantages and limitations of the scale are discussed. Limitations notwithstanding, the evidence suggests that as an initial evaluation, the Spanish Language Screen for Antisocial Personality could be valuable for reaching
large Spanish-speaking populations.
ARABIC PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOLOGY: THE PHYSICIAN WHO IS A PHILOSOPHER AND THE PHYSICIAN WHO IS NOT A PHILOSOPHER: SOME CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Sayed Mohamed A.
Published: May 2006

The major focus of this article is to examine the current status of Arab psychiatry as practiced today and to provide some historical, theoretical, clinical, and research issues using cross-cultural comparisons as a backdrop to the argument. The paper deals primarily with issues pertinent
to the current understanding of cross-cultural phenomena within Arabic societies. It discusses issues relevant to the practices and applications of traditional psychiatric methods and their coexistence with some practices that might appear contradictory to Western notions of psychiatric conceptualization
of mental illness. It gives a brief synopsis of the interplay of the traditional healing methods in psychiatric practices as well as the contribution and acceptance of modern psychiatric methods and interventions. The changing demographic features of many Western nations and the resulting
challenges faced by mental-health professionals working with diverse populations have only recently begun to bring these ideas to the fore.
APPLICATION OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR THEORY TO PREDICTING VOLUNTEER ENROLLMENT BY COLLEGE STUDENTS IN A CAMPUS-BASED PROGRAM
Authors: Okun Morris A. , Sloane Erin S.
Published: May 2006

The present study tested two hypotheses derived from the theory of planned behavior regarding volunteer enrollment by college students in a campus-based program. Undergraduates (N= 647) enrolled in eight sections of Introduction to Psychology received a recruitment message for volunteering through a campus-based program. Following exposure to the recruitment message, students completed a questionnaire and two months later the enrollment records of the campus-based program were checked. Consistent with the theory of planned behavior, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control predicted intent – and intent, in turn, predicted volunteer enrollment in the campus-based program. However, less than 33% of the students with the maximum possible intention score of six subsequently enrolled to volunteer in the campus-based program.
COMPARISON OF CHINESE-AUSTRALIAN AND ANGLO-AUSTRALIAN ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR
Authors: Leung Cynthia , Rice Jenni
Published: May 2006

This study examined the environmental behavior and attitudes of Chinese-Australians, in comparison with Anglo-Australians, using a survey methodology. Two hundred and three Anglo-Australians and 98 Chinese-Australians participated. The results indicated that Chinese-Australians and Anglo-Australians differed in their environmental concern and their endorsement of New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) values. The results also suggested that, overall, environmental behavior was related to environmental concern, which was in turn related to NEP values. Among the Chinese-Australians, length of residence in Australia was positively related to environmental behavior but negatively related to environmental concern. Chinese-Australians who identified themselves as Asians or Chinese were less likely to engage in environmental behavior, compared with those who did not identify themselves with any ethnic group. Results are interpreted from within an acculturation framework.
SENSE OF SELF IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM: MALE AND FEMALE STUDENT RESPONSES TO THE TST
Authors: Grace Sherry L. , Cramer Kenneth L.
Published: May 2006

The Twenty Statements Test (TST) measures how an individual locates the self within a social system, while providing an index of differentially organized self-related information across individuals. The TST was utilized to follow changes in North American self-conceptions from the early 1950s to the 1990s. The purpose of this study was to assess sense of self among 324 millennial undergraduate students using the four-referential frame coding scheme. Results supported the hypothesis that students represent their sense of self as primarily C mode (or reflective). There were no gender differences in social self-description. Findings are discussed in terms of comparative data, gender differences, and sociohistorical context.
COMING UNGLUED? WORKPLACE CHARACTERISTICS, WORK SATISFACTION, AND FAMILY COHESION
Authors: Stevens Daphne Pedersen , Kiger Gary , Riley Pamela J.
Published: May 2006

Many studies that make use of the spillover model of work and family cite anecdotal stories about how a reduction in work-family spillover will directly enhance family relations. The authors argue that while work-family fit is certainly important, this relationship is complex; there
are more basic processes in a marital relationship that mediate the association between work-family spillover and family functioning. This paper focuses on the effect that work has on one sphere of family functioning – family cohesion – considering the mediating roles of work-to-family
spillover and negotiated aspects of the marital relationship.
THE PARENTS OF SUCCESSFUL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF TURKISH AND MOROCCAN BACKGROUND IN THE NETHERLANDS: PARENTING PRACTICES AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH PARENTS
Authors: van der Veen Ineke , Meijnen G. Wim
Published: May 2006

The study focuses on academically successful 17-year-old adolescents of Turkish and Moroccan background in the Netherlands. The parenting practices of their parents are examined along with the students'relationships with their parents. One hundred and six successful and less successful
adolescents of Turkish, Moroccan and Dutch background participated in the study. The successful ethnic-minority students were expected to have a better relationship with their parents and to have less authoritarian parents than did less successful students. Indeed, the successful Turkish-
and Moroccan-background students appeared to have less authoritarian parents than did the less successful. Nevertheless, the successful Turkish- and Moroccan- background students had a less satisfactory relationship with their parents, probably because their success widened the social distance
between them and their parents more than was the case for the other groups.
INTERPERSONAL VERSUS INTRAFAMILIAL PREDICTORS OF MALADAPTIVE EATING ATTITUDES IN YOUNG WOMEN
Authors: Worobey John
Published: May 2006

This investigation examined associations between disordered eating attitudes and love-styles within interpersonal relationships, as well as between eating attitudes and intrafamilial relationships. A nonclinical sample of 258 undergraduate women was surveyed using an abbreviated version
of the Eating Attitudes Test, the Love Attitudes Scale, and the Childhood Family Mealtime Questionnaire. As in previous research, love-styles characterized as obsessive and game-playing displayed associations with certain disordered eating attitudes. However, factors that related to the family's
attitude toward physical appearance as based on weight showed stronger statistical associations with eating attitudes than did love-styles. While these results provide some support for romantic interpersonal relationships being a neglected aspect in studies of risk factors for eating disorders,
how physical appearance is routinely discussed at family mealtimes during a young woman's childhood may be a stronger index of her maladaptive attitudes toward food and dieting.
MODELING EFFECTS IN STUDENT DRINKING AND SMOKING, REVISITED AFTER 24 YEARS
Authors: Standing Lionel G.
Published: May 2006

A systematic replication is reported of a campus survey carried out in 1978. The present data (N = 100) indicate increased peer modeling effects for drinking, in which a respondent's intake of alcohol and drunkenness are both best predicted from the drinking of his/her
friends. Smoking, however, today shows no correlation with the smoking of either friends or parents, unlike the previous survey. Alcohol consumption, measured as drinks per week, has remained constant over 24 years for female students, but has doubled for males, reaching four times the female
level. The frequency of drinking “to excess” also increased greatly over this interval. Smoking has decreased to minimal levels, and now shows no sign of modeling effects, but self-serving bias now occurs, since respondents today report themselves as smoking fewer cigarettes than
their friends.
ACADEMIC SATISFACTION AND APPROACHES TO LEARNING AMONG UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Hassan Mohammed M.
Published: May 2006

This study examined the relationship between students' academic satisfaction and approaches to learning. A total of 351 undergraduate students participated in this study. Study requirements and instructor treatment as two constructs of satisfaction predicted surface approach, instructor
treatment and attitudes towards study predicted deep approach, and attitudes towards study predicted achieving approach. In general, academic satisfaction directly affected students' approaches to learning as examined by structural equation analysis, particularly for deep approach.
CHILDHOOD UNPREDICTABILITY, SCHEMAS FOR UNPREDICTABILITY, AND RISK TAKING
Authors: Ross Lisa Thomson , Hill Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2006

The present paper describes a conceptual model of possible antecedents, markers, and consequences of unpredictability schemas, and outlines empirical support for the model. Early experiences, especially those pertaining to one's family, are the basis for the development of an unpredictability
schema. To date, an unpredictability schema has been measured indirectly with scales that tap a variety of interrelated beliefs. Measures of such beliefs show associations with risk taking. An unpredictability schema, thus, may be an overlooked factor in risk-taking behavior. The present model
takes a multidisciplinary approach and makes two major contributions. First, it integrates psychological constructs that have not previously been linked. Second, it clarifies existing relationships among background characteristics and risk-related outcomes. Implications for prevention and
intervention programming are discussed.
SEXUAL SENSATION SEEKING AND RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONG SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Mashegoane Solomon , Moalusi Kgope P. , Ngoepe Madikana A. , Peltzer Karl
Published: May 2006

This study investigated the association between the personality dispositions of sexual sensation seeking (SSS) and nonsexual experience seeking (Non-SES), and risky sexual behaviors among 308 sexually active South African university students. The students provided retrospective reports
of their sexual behavior and completed measures of SSS and Non-SES. Findings, based on a sample of sexually active students, suggest an association between SSS and a number of risky sexual behaviors. Intervention strategies are discussed, incorporating a particular reference to cultural context.
TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS AS PREDICTORS OF TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS: STRESS, NEGATIVE AFFECT, AND SELF-EFFICACY
Authors: S.Yoon Jina
Published: May 2006

Students' misbehavior has been consistently linked to teachers' reports of stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not teacher stress, negative affect, and self-efficacy predict the quality of student-teacher relationships. Participants included 113 elementary (K-5th) teachers in a metropolitan area in the United States. A survey method was used to measure teacher perceptions in working with difficult students and their relationships with students. Negative teacher-student relationships were predicted by teacher stress. Significant correlations were found among negative affect, teacher stress and negative relationships. Implications for teacher support and continuing education issues are discussed.
PERFORMANCE DURING STRESS: AFFECTIVE PERSONALITY, AGE, AND REGULARITY OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE
Authors: Norlander Torsten , Bood Sven-ÅKe , Archer Trevor
Published: May 2006

In order to study the role of stress upon performance as a function of age and personality type, participants were derived from three different occupational categories. Performance ability during stress and health condition of participants were studied through application of the Stroop
Color and Word Test, the Stress and Energy Instrument, the Glare Pressure Test and systolic blood pressure measurements – whereas the four different personality types were derived through application of the Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) scales. It was found that self-actualization
individuals (i.e. those demonstrating high positive affect and low negative affect) showed the best performance under the influence of stress whereas the high affective (i.e. high positive affect and high negative affect) showed the lowest levels of systolic blood pressure during resting.
No differences in performance during stress were found between the younger and older participants encompassed by high positive affect, whereas an age difference was shown for high negative affect individuals. Regularity of exercise was associated with high positive affect and contributed to
the ability of older participants to attain levels of performance comparable with those of younger participants.
FACTOR STRUCTURE OF RELIGIOUS PROBLEM – COPING STYLES IN AN AFRICAN SAMPLE
Authors: Peltzer Karl
Published: May 2006

The aim of the study was to determine the factor structure of the Religious Problem-Solving Scale in an African population. The sample included 624 students: 314 Grade 12, secondary school students and 310 third year social science university students in South Africa. The principal
component analysis with varimax rotation yielded three components accounting for 64% of the total variance. The first factor contained 12 items from the Deferring scale, the second 12 items of the Self-Directing scale and the third factor 12 items from the Collaborative scale. The Deferring
rather than the Collaborative religious problem-solving style seems to be more prevalent in this African sample than among western subjects.
SELF-DISCLOSURE AND FRIENDSHIP IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Matsushima Rumi , Shiomi Kunio
Published: May 2006

Close relationship during adolescence plays an important role in the young person's overall psychological development. As the most important factor about the development of a close relationship, many studies have emphasized the role of self-disclosure. In this study, the relationship
between self-disclosure and friendship in adolescence was examined.Two scales about self-disclosure and friendship were administered to 454 junior high school students. The types of friendship in early adolescence were explored, and the relationship between types of friendship and self-disclosure
was examined.
DISSIMULATION, INTELLIGENCE AND PERSONALITY
Authors: Furnham Adrian
Published: May 2006

One hundred and twenty five adult job applicants completed a computer-administered personality questionnaire (EPP) and two intelligence tests; one of crystalized (Wonderlic) and one of fluid intelligence. There were negative correlations between dissimulation on the personality questionnaire
and performance on the two intelligence tests.
EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE RELIGIOUS MATURITY SCALE
Authors: Leak Gary K.
Published: May 2006

Leak and Fish (1999) provided initial evidence for the validity of the Religious Maturity Scale – Version 2 (RM-2). The scale was developed to assess six areas of religious maturity specified by Allport (1950). Consequently, information concerning the number and nature of factors
underlying responses to the scale is important. The analysis revealed four factors corresponding to the dynamic, differentiated, comprehensive, and heuristic aspects of religious maturity. The results have implications for the future development of specific subscales as well as for the value
of Allport's theory of religious maturity.
IDENTIFYING FACTORS INFLUENCING MENTAL HEALTH DEVELOPMENT OF COLLEGE STUDENTS IN CHINA
Authors: Tao Chen , Yongyi Bi , Zongfu Mao , Rappe Paula , Edwards Glen D. , Shinfuku Naotaka
Published: May 2006

This study investigated factors considered as having an influence on the psychological adaptation of college students. Some 1,134 students from Wu Han University, Hui Bei province, China, participated in the study with an impressive response rate of 99%. Results of the study
indicate that factors such as “parental occupations”, “parental education”, “interest in major”, “body image”, “place raised” and “gender” have a significant correlation with the psychological adaptation of college students
in China. Asignificant relationship was found between fathers' education and occupation and college students' levels of anxiety and depression. Also, between the interest in major studied, and place raised, and body image and anxiety and depression. Levels of depression were found
to be significantly greater for girls when looking at depression and gender. Though various reasons were given as possible causes for the levels of anxiety and depression among college students, caution must be exercised in interpreting the findings as among other things, selection bias could
not be ruled out. Finally, this paper provides an interesting addition to the literature given the few related studies undertaken in China.
THE DAILY AFFECT OF HEROIN ADDICTS IN A THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY: A PILOT STUDY IN HONG KONG
Authors: Moneta Giovanni B. , Wong Oi-Chu
Published: May 2006

The authors examined how heroin addicts' affect varies in relation to perceived levels of challenges and skills in daily activities. Fourteen male residents of a therapeutic community completed 21 end-of-day diaries measuring affect. Unexpectedly, addicts had comparable positive
affect to, and less negative affect, than a nonclinical student sample. Positive affect correlated with the imbalance of challenges and skills. Heroin addicts deviate from the flow model of healthy functioning as they optimize affect in states of either overcontrol or lack of control.
CULTURAL ISSUES IN PRENATAL CARE AND MIDWIFERY PRACTICE
Authors: Shams Manfusa
Published: May 2006

A preliminary enquiry is made into midwives' perceptions of cultural issues in prenatal care. Twenty-three midwives completed a questionnaire in a formal setting. The major findings show that comprehension is identified as the most preferred cultural component in midwifery practice.
Significant perceived positive associations are obtained among a number of sociocultural variables and prenatal care. The findings of this study suggest that midwifery practice needs to be informed by cultural practices in pregnancy.
THE LANGUAGE PERSONALITY THEORY: AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO PERSONALITY ON THE BASIS OF ITS LANGUAGE PHENOMENOLOGY
Authors: Golubkov Sergey V.
Published: May 2006

The paper presents an outline of a new personality theory on the basis of its language phenomenology. The basic assumptions of the new theory are preceded by theoretical analysis of the contemporary “methodological market” of personological formulations. The paper discusses the so-called clinical (deductive) and scientific (inductive) approaches to elaborating personality theories as well as integrative attempts of trait theorists to find “the golden mean” between objectivity and universal structure of personality, among which the basic models are the 16PF, the PEN, and the B5. As analysis shows, although at present some universal personality constructions are revealed, they mostly represent dimensional taxonomies which are hierarchical at best. Such formulations cannot be called personality theories in their proper sense because they can be used basically for descriptive purposes – being incapable of explaining causes of behavior or of predicting the direction of purposeful activity. The language personality theory proposed in the paper is based on theoretical assumptions of a different, nontraditional variant of the fundamental lexical hypothesis, encoded in the language which focuses on the essential similarities of people, not on their dissimilarities. Additional perennial philosophical ground and linguistic conception of semantic primitives allow the theory to have the structure, dimensional taxonomy, and quality of universality.
SELF-DISCLOSURE PATTERNS AMONG WELL-ACQUAINTED INDIVIDUALS: DISCLOSERS, CONFIDANTS AND UNIQUE RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Levesque Maurice J. , Steciuk Mark , Ledley Charles
Published: May 2006

Round-robin self-reports regarding self-disclosure were obtained from groups of wellacquainted individuals and examined using the Social Relations Model. Degree of self-disclosure was strongly influenced by individual differences between disclosers (actor effects) and by relationship
effects; that is, there was evidence for cross-partner consistency in disclosure and for differences between relationships. Individuals showed a limited shared preference for disclosing to particular individuals (partner effects). Extroversion was related to differences in general disclosure
tendencies. At the relational level, disclosure was strongly associated with perceived intimacy and was strongly reciprocal; however, degree of acquaintance was not strongly related to disclosure. Results are discussed in terms of a methodology for the study of disclosure patterns among friends.
THE STRUCTURE OF EMPATHY IN JAPANESE ADOLESCENTS: CONSTRUCTION AND EXAMINATION OF AN EMPATHY SCALE
Authors: Hashimoto Hidemi , Shiomi Kunio
Published: May 2006

In this study, a “Revised Empathy Scale” was constructed by using an empathy scale from the previous study (Hashimoto & Shiomi, 2000). A questionnaire consisting of 30 items on empathy and the Shimoda Personality Inventory (SPI) were administered to a total of 870 subjects
(466 university and 404 high school students). Through factor analyses, four factors were extracted for the empathy scale. The four factors were named the “Cannot feel others' positive feelings,” the “Can feel others’ positive feelings,” the “Can feel
others' negative feelings,” and the “Cannot feel others' negative feelings,” respectively. Their reliability and validity were confirmed. The characteristics of empathy in adolescents were clarified by the scale's relationship with the characteristics of the
SPI.
SELF-APPRAISALS, ACTUAL APPRAISALS AND REFLECTED APPRAISALS OF PREADOLESCENT CHILDREN
Authors: Hergovich Andreas , Sirsch Ulrike , Felinger Martin
Published: May 2006

The relationship between children's self-perceptions, children's perceptions of others' appraisal (i.e., reflected appraisals) and others' actual appraisals reported by mothers, fathers and teachers were examined. The Self-Description Questionnaire 1 (Marsh, 1988)
was presented to 428 children. Parents and teachers were given an adapted form. Additionally, children were asked for reflected appraisals of their mothers, fathers and teachers according to the scales of the SDQ1. Results suggest that the reflected appraisal process is in fact more complicated
than originally assumed by the theorist of symbolic interactionism. Thus, besides direct effects from actual appraisal on reflected appraisal and reflected appraisal on selfappraisal, there are also indications of an effect by actual appraisals on self- and reflected appraisals, especially
for academic self-concept. Furthermore, results indicate that different significant others have a different impact on the self-perceptions of preadolescent children.
METAMOTIVATIONAL STATE REVERSALS IN COMPETITIVE SPORT
Authors: Bellew Emma , Thatcher Joanne
Published: May 2006

In a sporting context, this study examined metamotivational reversals between the telic and paratelic states and the factors affecting them. Twenty male rugby players took part. After competitive matches they completed the State of Mind Indicator For Athletes (SOMIFA: Kerr & Apter,
1999) and attended interviews incorporating the Telic State Measure (TSM: Svebak & Murgatroyd, 1985) and a modified Metamotivational State Interview and Coding Schedule (Potocky, Cook, & O'Connell, 1993). Data were deductively analyzed using existing reversal theory definitions
of the telic (a serious-minded and future orientation) and paratelic (a spontaneous, playful orientation) states and the factors proposed to induce reversals between these states. Reversals in state were observed and these were caused mainly by contingent events (factors external to the individual).
None was attributed to satiation (a change in state caused by experiencing only one state for an extended time period) and a limited number were attributed to frustration, which also combined with contingent events to induce some reversals. Although further evidence is presented for metamotivational
state reversals during sport, future longitudinal studies are needed that address all reversal theory states.
DISSOCIATIVE-TYPE IDENTITY DISTURBANCES IN UNDERCOVER AGENTS: SOCIO-COGNITIVE FACTORS BEHIND FALSE-IDENTITY APPEARANCES AND REENACTMENTS
Authors: Girodo Michel , Deck Trevor , Morrison Melanie
Published: May 2006

The uncontrolled dissociative-type reappearance of a fabricated false identity in undercover agents was investigated in 48 federal police officers undergoing 3 weeks of undercover field exercises in two separate classes. Half of the officers received passive and covert identity dissimulation
training as coverpersons and half received training in active identity dissimulation methods as operators. One class received hypnotic induction procedures to visualize an alter self and the second class was exposed to false-identity constructions under imagination conditions. Participants
reported on the appearance of their false identity outside operational contexts and on the reenactment of a false identity in other police officers. Self-reported identity reappearances were more likely to be found among persons scoring higher on the Dissociative Experiences Scale and by persons
who altered their physical appearance. Despite expectations to the contrary operators were not more likely than coverpersons to report uncontrolled reappearances of their false identity. Observer-reported false identity reenactments were correlated with self-reports of identity reappearances
outside operational contexts. Coverpersons who were more frequently observed to reenact their undercover persona also reported the strongest tendency to reexperience their false-identity. The visualization of an undercover self through imagination exercises and the tendency to use these methods
for dissimulations in the field was associated with greater false identity manifestations as reported by observers. Cognitive factors and possibly strain from status inconsistencies appear to underlie these identity disturbances.
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THREE METHODS OF HANDLING GUESSING AND RISK TAKING ON THE PSYCHOMETRIC INDICES OF A TEST
Authors: Alnabhan Mousa
Published: May 2006

This study examines the effect of three scoring methods (number-correct, discouraging guessing, and the partial knowledge award) on the psychometric indices (reliability and validity) of a test, given examinees' risk-taking level. One hundred and twenty undergraduate students in
a psychology research methodology class served as the sample. A 40-item multiplechoice test with 4 responses per item was used to assess the effect of different scoring methods on test reliability and validity, and a test of 10 nonsense items was used to classify the examinees into high risk-taking
and low risk-taking groups. The results showed that the 3 methods produce different reliability and validity coefficients, with the partial knowledge method choice.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND WORK BEHAVIOR: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Riketta Michael , Landerer Angela
Published: May 2006

The authors postulated that attitudinal organizational commitment (AOC) and accountability to an external audience mutually moderate their relationships with work behavior. These hypotheses were tested for two types of work behavior (in-role performance and organizational citizenship
behavior), using self-report data from 63 employees of a German healthservice organization. As expected, the correlation between AOC and in-role performance was higher for low as opposed to high accountability, and the correlation between accountability and in-role performance was higher for
low as opposed to high AOC. Contrary to expectations, no moderator effects occurred for organizational citizenship behavior.
COPING STYLE AND THREE PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR
Authors: Iwata Osamu
Published: May 2006

Questionnaires containing five multi-item 5-point scales were administered to 153 Japanese male and female undergraduates. Data of each of the scales were factor analyzed and, as a rule, items with a factor loading of .40 or over were selected. The scale for coping style produced three
factors: avoidance, self-deceptive optimism and problem solving. Each of the other four scales produced one factor. Using the total score for each scale or factor, multiple regression analysis was applied to environmentally responsible behavior with six predictors entered simultaneously. Self-deceptive
optimism and willingness to accept sacrifices for global environmental protection proved to be significant predictors of environmentally responsible behavior, but the four other predictors did not.
POSTTRAUMATIC DISSOCIATION AS A MEDIATOR OF THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA ON DISTRESSFUL INTROSPECTIVENESS
Authors: Somer Eli
Published: May 2006

This paper focuses on the stable personality trait of introspectiveness, exploring the relationship between introspectiveness and childhood trauma, dissociation and emotional distress. Ninety Israeli women were recruited from emergency counseling services and from academic and
office employment settings. Pearson correlations between traumatic experiences and various dimensions of introspectiveness revealed significant links. Negative emotional and sexual experiences were the trauma variables that contributed most to this relationship, whereas a tendency to be aware
of feelings toward family and about mortality were the dimensions of introspection that added most to this association. Prior trauma history, dissociation, introspectiveness, and emotional distress were significantly interrelated. The data from a path analysis performed suggest that introspectiveness
may be better explained by the independent effect of dissociation rather than directly by trauma or by emotional distress. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
WAS THERE AN INCREASE IN CARING FATHERHOOD IN THE 1990S? TWO DUTCH LONGITUDINAL STUDIES
Authors: Spruijt Ed , Duindam Vincent
Published: May 2006

The increase or decrease in caring fatherhood in the 1990s was studied using data from two Dutch longitudinal studies with 256 respondents in total, ranging from noncaring fathers to very caring fathers. The authors first investigated the degree of instability of the fathers' caring arrangements. Then they looked at the factors relating to an increase or decrease in the care given by individual fathers. Using three blocks of variables, an attempt was made to explain the amount of instability in the care and the changes seen between the times t1 (1991) and t2 (1997). Their three blocks of variables represented the father's social and cultural context at t1, the father's value orientation at t1, and the father's family of origin, respectively. It was concluded that for an increase in caring fatherhood in the 1990s, the father's context was far more important than was his value orientation. Some aspects of a father's family of origin are also important: a good relationship with his own father is positively associated with the continuation of, or increase in, caring fatherhood.
POSTMODERN AND MODERN VALUE ORIENTATIONS AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG HONG KONG CHINESE
Authors: Cheung Chau-Kiu , Leung Kwan-Kwok
Published: May 2006

Despite incidents about postmodernization in Hong Kong society, the significance of post-modernization is uncharted. If postmodernization is significant, it will particularly satisfy people with greater orientation to postmodern values. This study examines the hypothesis by conducting a survey in 2000 of a random sample of the adult population in Hong Kong, China. Results indicate that those with higher postmodern value orientations were less satisfied in 2000. These findings do not demonstrate the significance of postmodernization in Hong Kong. Thus, Hong Kong may not be sufficiently postmodern even though some of its inhabitants hold high orientation to postmodern values.
A COMPARISON OF METHODOLOGIES FOR UNCOVERING THE STRUCTURE OF RACIAL STEREOTYPE SUBGROUPING
Authors: Green Raymond J. , Manzi Robert
Published: May 2006

Our goal was to initiate a series of explorations of the techniques used to investigate person perception and stereotypes. More specifically, do different techniques uncover the same, and assumedly correct, underlying cognitive structure of the perceivers or is our current understanding
of social cognition merely a reflection of our data collection and analytic techniques? We also hoped to draw some conclusions concerning White participants' perceptions of Blacks. Participants were given two tasks. One task involved sorting fourteen racial type labels and rating
the sorted piles on four scales (e.g., respectable-not respectable). The second task involved generating attributes that described a randomly selected racial type. Both tasks provided data that could be used as input for multidimensional-scaling and hierarchical-clustering analyses. Further,
the data from the adjective-generation task was used as input for a discriminant-function analysis. It was predicted that the different data collection and analysis tasks would produce results that emphasized the importance of evaluation in racialtype perception but that the sorting task would
reveal more prejudice against Black targets. The results supported the hypotheses.
THE e-psyche ONLINE DATABASE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FIELD OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Perdue Bob , Piotrowski Chris
Published: May 2006

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the e-psyche database with particular focus for researchers in social psychology. Descriptive terms from the field were selected and comparative online searches between e-psyche and PsycINFO were conducted. An analysis of
the productivity (citation output) of these databases points to the potential usefulness of e-psyche for social psychology researchers due to its larger “source base” either as a single database or in conjunction with a multidatabase search strategy. These findings provide
evidence in support of the utility of e-psyche as a behavioral/social science literature source.
CRITERIA USED TO CATEGORIZE CHILDREN'S PLAY: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
Authors: Jenvey Vickii B. , Jenvey Heidi L.
Published: May 2006

Debate exists about the defining characteristics of play, yet there have been few empirical studies to assess the reliability of existing categorizations. This preliminary study aimed to identify and assess the reliability of criteria generated by participants themselves to categorize
children's play. Twelve participants (6F/6M), who were experienced in observing children's play, were shown eight video excerpts of children's play and asked questions to elicit (a) the criteria they used to categorize play and (b) the features of each play episode that
were salient to the participants. Results showed that participants categorized play according to a mixture of Behavioral (Positive Affect; Nonliterality; Unrestrained/Unrestricted); Motivational (Practice; Communication and Cooperation) and Contextual (Presence of
toys and props) criteria. These criteria were mostly comparable with existing criteria used to categorize play. Results are discussed in terms of the multidimensional nature of children's play and its characteristic and reliably identifiable features.
HOW IS THE PROTESTANT WORK ETHIC RELATED TO THE NEED FOR COGNITION? A FACTOR ANALYTIC ANSWER
Authors: Christopher Andrew N. , Jones Jason R.
Published: May 2006

To examine the relationship between the Protestant work ethic (PWE) and the need for cognition (NFC), 210 Americans completed the Mirels and Garrett (1971) PWE scale and the Cacioppo, Petty, and Kao (1984) NFC scale. Although there was no relationship between the composite PWE scale
and NFC, there were relationships between two of three PWE factors and NFC. Specifically, correlational analyses revealed that the PWE factor of hard work as a means to success was negatively related to NFC, whereas the PWE factor of antileisure was positively related to NFC. Results are discussed
with respect to the multidimensional structure of various PWE measures. Issues concerning the multifaceted nature of the PWE and future research directions are also considered.
PREDICTORS OF HAND-WASHING BEHAVIOR
Authors: Edwards Donald , Monk-Turner Elizabeth , Poorman Steve , Rushing Maria , Warren Stephen , Willie Jaritha
Published: May 2006

This research looks at hand-washing behavior of students at a large regional university. The authors observed how hand-washing behavior varies by race, gender, having an observer present, and time of day. Of the 184 students observed, most (103) were men. The majority (107) of those
observed were whites; while 77 fell in the other race category. Of 184 observations, 86 were not “observed” by another in the bathroom. Observations were made in the morning and afternoon. Utilizing social deprivation theory, the authors hypothesized that women and minorities would
be more likely than others to wash their hands. The data provide empirical support for this proposition. Further, having an observer present made it more likely that a person would wash his or her hands.
ZUCKERMAN-KUHLMAN'S PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE IN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSION
Authors: Wang Wei , Cao Ming , Zhu Shouzheng , Gu Jianhua , Liu Jianhui , Wang Yehan
Published: May 2006

Depression influences personality measures like Eysenck's Big Three, Costa and McCrae's Big Five or Cloninger's Seven Factor models, and might also affect Zuckerman-Kuhlman's Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), an alternative five-factor model. The authors therefore
tested ZKPQ in 85 patients suffering from major depression and in 82 healthy subjects in order to clarify this effect. Depressive mood was measured with Plutchik – van Praag's Depression Inventory (PVP). Patients scored significantly higher on PVP, Neuroticism-Anxiety and Aggression-Hostility,
but lower on Activity and Sociablity than did healthy volunteers. In the general sample (N = 167), Neuroticism-Anxiety and Aggression-Hostility scores were positively correlated, while the Sociability score was negatively correlated with the PVP score. These results indicate that when
the clinical significance relating to personality traits in patients is interpreted, depressive mood must also be considered.
DIFFERENTIAL ENCODING OF THE TWO FUNDAMENTAL ETHICAL STANDARDS
Authors: Singer Ming , Mackenzie Alexander
Published: May 2006

This study explored the encoding salience of the two fundamental ethical standards of extrinsic utility and intrinsic duty. The specific research question was: “To what extent are the two key notions of human good encoded in distinctive cognitive schemas?” The release-fromproactive-
interference (RPI) experimental paradigm in memory research was used to address the question. Words in the conceptual categories of “money” and “morals” were selected to denote the utilitarian and deontological notions respectively. Results show a significant release
in recall when words were shifted from one notion to the other. The theoretical and practical implications of the differential encoding of the two ethical standards are then discussed.
RELATIVE CONSTANCY OF PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICACY OF A 12-MONTH TRAINING PROGRAM IN FACILITATING COPING STRATEGIES
Authors: Norlander Torsten , Bergman Henrik , Archer Trevor
Published: May 2006

The present study reports a sublongitudinal experiment involving 15 employees (4 male and 11 female) of an insurance company all of whom underwent a 12-month program of intensive mental training and physical coaching in order to ascertain whether or not certain characteristics of personality,
attitudes, beliefs or performance would be altered. Each participant was assessed on a battery of different questionnaires including: background variables, Change and Stability, Life Orientation test, Coping Resources Inventory and the Gordon personal profile and inventory. There was no change
in Dispositional optimism or ten other related personality traits. Only four of the personality variables were altered on completion of the training program: the participants' self-evaluations were elevated, the stability of their norms and system of values was reinforced, their emotional
stability was reinforced also, and their receptivity to new ideas/innovations was reinforced. These results are discussed in the context of the relative constancy of personality characteristics and the suitability of the observed changes, after the 12-month program, in promoting strategies
of coping behavior.
EFFECTS OF BEHAVIOR SETTINGS, EXTRADYADIC BEHAVIORS, AND INTERLOPER CHARACTERISTICS ON ROMANTIC JEALOUSY
Authors: Marelich William D.
Published: May 2006

This study assessed the effects of behavior-setting changes, partners' behavior toward an interloper, and importance of interloper characteristics for romantic jealousy. Participants were 162 individuals in dating relationships. Four jealousy dilemmas were presented that crossed
two levels of behavior setting and two levels of partners' extradyadic behavior toward an interloper. Interloper characteristics were also embedded in the dilemmas. A 2 x 2 withinsubjects ANOVA revealed significant variation between behavior settings and extradyadic behaviors. A doubly-multivariate
repeated measures MANOVA assessed the importance of interloper characteristics within behavior setting and extradyadic behavior, showing that interloper characteristics do play a role in reported jealousy. Findings are explained in terms of behavior-setting influences, coping appraisals, and
self-maintenance evaluations.
EXPERIMENTAL RAISING OR LOWERING OF TESTOSTERONE LEVEL AFFECTS MOOD IN NORMAL MEN AND WOMEN
Authors: Dabbs James M. , Karpas Anthony E. , Dyomina Natalia , Juechter Jennifer , Roberts Amanda
Published: May 2006

In two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled experiments, 63 normal nonclinical men and women received treatments designed to raise or lower their testosterone levels. Sixteen men and 17 women applied testosterone or placebo gel to their skin for five-day periods, and 13 men and
17 women ingested capsules of licorice extract (which lowers testosterone) or placebo for four-day periods. Subjects described their feelings on daily check lists, wrote paragraphs summarizing their experience, and completed implicit-attitude measures. Testosterone increased arousal and hostility,
and licorice decreased energy and positive affect. Reactions were stronger among women than among men.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL EXAMINATION OF LEVELS OF MORAL REASONING IN A SAMPLE OF KUWAIT UNIVERSITY FACULTY MEMBERS
Authors: Al-Shehab Ali J.
Published: May 2006

This cross-cultural study was conducted to examine the moral reasoning of a sample of full time faculty members at Kuwait University. Eighty-six participants completed Rest's Defining Issues Test (DIT) which measures percentage of principled moral reasoning indexed as P%-score.
The analysis of the results showed that the obtained P-% score was lower than the norms reported in the published research on Western subjects. Overall, the stages were not significantly related to age or discipline of the participants. Discussions of the present findings were made
in line with the recent research on moral development calling for a reorientation of the psychology of morality, which has been predominantly based on the cognitive developmental paradigm for a number of decades.
THE SELF-REFLECTION AND INSIGHT SCALE: A NEW MEASURE OF PRIVATE SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: Grant Anthony M. , Franklin John , Langford Peter
Published: May 2006

Private self-consciousness and the subordinate constructs of self-reflection and insight are key factors in the self-regulatory process underpinning the creation of behavior change, both in clinical practice with clinical populations, and in performance enhancing coaching with nonclinical
populations. This paper reports the construction and validation of the Self- Reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS) which is designed to be an advance on the Private Self-Consciousnes Scale (PrSCS; Fenigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975). Previous work has found the PrSCS to comprise two factors,
self-reflection and internal state awareness. In a series of studies two separate factor analyses found the SRIS comprised two separate factors labeled Self-Reflection (SRIS-SR) and Insight (SRIS-IN). “Need for self-reflection” and “engagement in self-reflection” loaded
on the same factor. Test-retest reliability over a 7-week period was .77 (SRIS-SR) and .78 (SRIS-IN). The PrSCS correlated positively with the SRIS-SR and negatively with the SRIS-IN. The SRIS-SR correlated positively with anxiety and stress, but not with depression and alexithymia. The SRIS-IN
was negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, stress and alexithymia, and positively correlated with cognitive flexibility and self-regulation. Individuals who had kept diaries had higher SRIS-SR scores but lower SRISIN scores than did those who had not kept diaries. Implications of
these findings for models of self-regulation and goal attainment are discussed.
MEASURING THE MORAL ENTREPRENEURIAL PERSONALITY
Authors: Yurtsever GülÇimen
Published: May 2006

The present study was aimed at describing the development of a moral entrepreneur scale. A 34 item Likert-type scale of the moral entrepreneur was constructed and shown to be free of socially desirable responses. Construct validity was evaluated by expert judges and, overall, was found
to be high. The other validity source was that groups of individuals known to be particularly high in the moral entrepreneurial personality scored higher on the moral-entrepreneur scale than did an unselected sample. The final source of validity on the moral-entrepreneur scale involved peer
evaluations. Empirically, the moral-entrepreneur scale was shown to correlate positively with emotional intelligence and locus of control. The scale also correlated negatively with Machiavellianism. Factor analysis of responses for the 3 samples revealed a 4-factor solution: creating awareness,
resistance, anticipating, and mobilizing power.