bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MUSLIMS’ VIEWS OF HINDU RELIGIOUS LIFE:
Authors: Wafiroh Nihayatul
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses Banyuwangi Muslims’ perspectives and experiences when they live in Bali and how Bali with Hinduism to be the majority population influences their religious beliefs and their perspectives of interfaith relations. As data, eleven Banyuwangi Muslims were interviewed. The results are said first that hypothesis that the experiences living with other religions will contribute in their opinion of tolerance does not work hundred percentages since many of interviewees think that living in the different religious environment does not affect anything in term of their views of tolerance. Secondly, although the harmonious relations between Hindu Balinese and Banyuwangi Muslim people had existed, in reality, Hindu Balinese which are the majority population still treat differently for Banyuwangi Muslims. Indeed, it proves that the superiority cannot be truly avoided in the relations between both groups. Being minority does not always affect Banyuwangi Muslims to know the majority religion. Thirdly, the author think that it is because the main reason when they came to Bali is only economy, so everything outside economy will not be interesting for them. Living in Bali, moreover, does not contribute in their understanding of tolerance.
FIKIH HUBUNGAN ANTARUMAT BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA:
Authors: Rumadi Rumadi
Published: October 2020

Interfaith relation in Indonesia remains unresolved thoroughly. Although outwardly it looks harmonious and calm, but behind it there is a ready-threatening waves. This paper argues that disharmony among religious followers in Indonesia, particularly between Muslims and Christians, has rooted in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) which stipulates the doctrines of interfaith relation. This specifically delves into some religious edicts (fatwas) on this particular phenomenon issued by three leading Islamic organizations, namely Nahdatul Ulema (NU), Muhammadiyah, and the Indonesian Council of Ulema (MUI). These fatwas are deemed to be part of religious narration that rests in intellectual discourse which more or less affects the observance of religious life in Indonesia.
PERKEMBANGAN MADRASAH PASCA UNDANGUNDANG NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2003 TENTANG SISTEM PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL DALAM BINGKAI PENELITIAN
Authors: Nuruddin Nuruddin
Published: October 2020

This paper attempts to investigate madrasah in line with the 5 year momentum of madrasa (2004-2009) coincided with the enactment of the National Education System Act No. 20 of 2003. Hence, this is to portray the madrasa after the birth of the Act. Madrasah has a clear position that is equal to that of public schools. Madrasah can be viewed from five elements, such as, namely, access, quality, relevance and competitiveness, and management and governance. Further this also describes the demands that the  madrasa have to be more active in self-portraying as the best educational institutions with competitive advantages, and being able to build an extensive network. In this regard, Madrasa must first be able to overcome some common problems, such as lack of human resources, lack of infrastructure, limited funds, traditional management, and so forth.
PEMBERIAN SANKSI ATAS PELANGGARAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERKAWINAN DI NEGARA- NEGARA ISLAM:
Authors: Mudzhar M Atho
Published: October 2020

This paper attempts to compare the content of Marital Act in some Muslim countries today regarding both sanctions implemented against those who break the rules (fine, jail, or other sanctions). Comparative perspective is important to understand similarities and differences in the implementation of Islamic law in Indonesia and other Muslim countries. Additionally, it is also important to know on to what extent Indonesia has developed Islamic law on Marital Act in comparison to other Muslim countries. This kind of study is relatively scarce due to the limited sources and references. Six countries are investigated in this paper, including Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, Iraq, Pakistan, and Malaysia.
MENINGGALKAN JALAN TEROR:
Authors: Saloom Gazi
Published: October 2020

There has been a long debate among multi-discplinary experts on terrorism regarding how to fight against terrorism. Most experts agreed that terrorism could not be eliminated by military forces as military approach could trigger the emergence of terrorists’ self recycle character. Some psychologists (such as Garfinkel, 2007; John Horgan, 2009; Noricks, 2009; Choudhury, 2009; Nauman, 2010) are of the opinion that deradicalization and disengagement can be used to prevent and encounter terrorism. This paper throws some light upon theories of deradicalization and disengagement proposed by some leading experts based on literature reviews. Additionally, it also identifies strength and weakness of each approach.
TERORISME DI INDONESIA:
Authors: Mubarok M Zaki
Published: October 2020

This paper explores some factors that brought about the involvement of three subjects in 2009 terrorist attack, namely Afham, Sonny (both were students of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta), and Fajar (was an alumnus of the same university). Their involvement in the act of terrorism was manifested by an attempt to protect two fugitive suicidal terrorists of JW Marriot and Ritz Carlton Hotels in 2009, namely Saifuddin Zuhri and M. Syahrir. The study employed qualitative design where the data were gained through in-depth interviews with the subjects and their parents. This study found three essential factors influencing their roles in such terrorist activities, i.e. kinship, friendship, and religious activities.
KONFLIK RUMAH TUHAN:
Authors: Zada Khamami
Published: October 2020

Conflicts related to houses of worship in some regions in Indonesia have indicated a tension between the majority and minority groups. The minority found it difficult to build a house of worship, for the majority opposed it. While an attempt of resolution was initiated by the central and regional government including community elites. However, conflict settlements had not always been successful although it was resolved through legal process and mediation. The conflict of GKI Yasmin in Bogor, for instance, was one example that legal process was not effective to resolve the conflict. Similarly, the conflict of mushalla As-Syafi’iyah in Denpasar was also another case where a mediation process with the involvement of  local leaders also failed. However, a conflict of temple establishment in Tanjung Pinang showed a successful resolution by a mediation involving the religious leaders and the local government elites. This paper suggests that the resolution of conflicts pertinent to the cases of houses of worship depends favorably on the initiatives taken by the local government and the local religious leaders.
PELAKSANAAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA PADA SMA YPK DIASPORA KOTA JAYAPURA*
Authors: Bakar Asnandar Abu
Published: October 2020

This paper aims at investigating course inovations in religious education developed by SMA YPK Diaspora for non Christian students. In this school, these students were obliged to take Christianity as the religious subject. Course innovation developed by the teachers was based on inquiry approach where the learning was focused on the students’ needs; and that the students were required to be active in developing and exploring the learning materials. This approach was supported by some methods, such as: lecturing, discussion, and practical works so that the students could interact directly with the teachers. By this means, students comprehended the subject better. To explore the students’ competence and to build a good communication with the teachers, a continuous educative interaction was developed so that non-Christian students were motivated to study Christianity. This was to equip the students with sufficient knowledge to build inter-religious harmony. The evaluation results of the religious subject indicated that non-Christian students obtained satisfactory grades in the subject, implying that they were able to comprehend Christianity well.
ULAMA BOGOR DALAM PENGEMBANGAN TRADISI INTELEKTUAL:
Authors: Fakhriati Fakhriati
Published: October 2020

As other ulamas generally, Bogor ulamas were responsible in developing the intellectual tradition of their society. This tradition was surely influenced by the local Sundanese culture where these ulamas held the central roles. However, the turning time, globalisation, and the borderless society had parsed local Sundanese cultures. This had served as a challenge for Bogor ulamas in maintaining the intellectual tradition with its religious and local nuances. As the cultural brokers, these ulamas’ writings were evidence of their efforts in maintaining the written tradition based on the local cultures and also on the current changes. This paper discusses the efforts taken by Bogor ulamas living in the 20th and the 21st centuries in building their intellectual tradition and adapting to the changes. Finally, it finds out that there are some discrepancies between the intellectual products of the past and the contemporary ulamas either in the content or in the languages as one form of local culture conservation.
PENGELOLAAN PENINGKATAN MUTU MADRASAH
Authors: Farida Erlina
Published: October 2020

An excellent madrassa is obviously reflected by its quality. This quality is possessed by MTs Mu’allimaat Yogyakarta which has managed to become one of the favorite and superior madrassas. This is due to the integrity of its human resources that are supported by adequate infrastructures. Another supporting components for the excellence of the madrassa is the wide networks and strong supports of the community members, organizations, and the government. Professionalism and managerial independence also contribute to the success of this madrassa, proven by the academic and non academic achievements of its students. This paper investigates the management of quality improvement in MTs Muallimaat Yogyakarta.
WISATA RELIGI DI BALI:
Authors: Murtadho Muhamad
Published: October 2020

Religious tourism serves as an attractive choice in revitalizing religious faith among people in the modern society and an economic improvement for the local society. Bali as one of world-class tourist attractions in Indonesia has been known as the land of god that indicates its religiousness. This study attempts to explore the potential of religious tourism in Bali from the perspectives of non –Hindu people. Focusing on the potentials of Islamic tourism in Bali, this study finds out that there is a high potential for non-Hindu tourism in Bali and that there is a demand for non-Hindu-friendly tourism including the availability of halal foods and decent praying facilities.
EKSISTENSI AGAMA SIKH DI JABODETABEK
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the existence aspect of Sikh followers in Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi) regions. It aims to provide data and information regarding the government services to all religious communities including minorities, such as Sikh. The existence aspects under study include the short history, the basic teachings, rituals, institutions, and social interaction. This study utilizes qualitative research using postcolonial and subaltern perspective from Gayatri C Spivak’s view. Theologically, Sikh believes in monotheism that was mentioned by Waheguru and Guru Nanank (1469-1539). Sikh has a holy book named Guru Granth Sahib. Sikh temple is called Gurdwara or the “gateway to the Guru”. Sikh followers came to Indonesia from Amritsar, Punjab, India, (now Pakistan territory) through Aceh, North Sumatra and Jakarta. Sikh followers are managed under the Hindu Guidance Directorate. They do not have a national organization that accommodates Sikh community in Indonesia. It can be concluded that the existence of the Sikh in Jabodetabek area is somewhat subaltern.
MODAL SOSIAL PELAKU DALAIL KHAIRAT
Authors: Jalil Abdul
Published: October 2020

This study discusses the Social Capital of Dala’il Khairat actors at school Darul Falah school by Kiai Ahmad Bashir Kudus. This study aims to determine how donators’ social capital of Dala’il Khairat defined success in economic field. The donators are the alumni who live outside the pesantren and develop business ventures in some areas such as: Central Java, Yogyakarta, and Kuningan, West Java. By applying qualitative research this study was conducted in Pesantren Darul Falah Jekulo, Kudus, Central Java. Data were collected through participatory observation, interview, and documentation. The informants include mujiz Dala’il Khairat, school administrates, the students, community leaders, and alumni donators of Dala’il Khairat. It finds out that donators’ social capitals, such as the existence of social networks before and after donation, their business cooperation, and the trust, encouraged the pesantren economic success donators’ potential development. These social capitals have become a determining factor of developing commercialization among the donators who run their business and at the same time have helped the success in the economic field of the pesantren.
PENERIMAAN PARTAI POLITIK ISLAM DI PTAIN:
Authors: Nurhayati Cucu , Hasan Hamka
Published: October 2020

UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta is an institution representing Islam as values, religion, ideology, rituals, and symbols. With these characters, Islamic political parties gain a high sympathy in this institution. Having approximately 25,000 students, 1000 academic and administrative staffs, UIN should have been a mass basis for Islamic political parties. Despite the assumption that Islamic community is a potential vote raiser for Islamic political parties, the parties were not significantly considered by the UIN Jakarta academicians. This study focuses on the students’ acceptance on political parties by their party affiliations. 450 respondents were questioned on this matter and 51,1% of them stated that they are not affiliated or a part of Islamic political parties (while the 48,9% stated that they are). Only 42% of respondents (140 students) are affiliated to Islamic parties, while 58% are not.
MEREVITALISASI MAQÂSID AL-SYARÎ ‘AH SEBAGAI PARADIGMA IJTIHAD DALAM LEGISLASI HUKUM ABSTRAK ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: MD Ahmad Ali
Published: October 2020

This paper argues that Maqâsid al-Syarî‘ah should be revitalized as a paradigm of ijtihâd in the legislation of Islamic law in Indonesia in order to preserve and protect al-Kullîyah al-Khamsah (Five Universal Principles).In this way, the norms of Islamic law becomes more meaningful instead of normative, and it becomes a legally binding law without losing its substance. The substance of Islamic law is the soul of mercy for the worlds (rahmatan li al-‘âlamîn), namely a sense of justice, goodness and truth. The revitalization of Maqâsid al-Syarî‘ah is conducted through the mechanism of al-Siyâsah al-Syar‘îyah (legitimate policy). This mechanism is manifested by the issue of fatwa by authorized religious institutions, such as the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (Indonesian Ulama Council), Bahts al-Masâ’il Nahdhatul Ulama (LBM NU), and Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah. After that, the results of this arad are absorbed or adapted to the legislation. The formulation of the arad should also pay attention to the five authoritative devices of Khaled Abou El-Fadl’s version, namely honesty, seriousness, comprehensiveness, rationality and self-restraint. Such process and mechanism are the essensials of comprehensive ijtihâd (collective ijtihâd, creative-inovative and implementable).
TINJAUAN TEOLOGIS ATAS HAK SIPIL KEAGAMAAN WARGA AHMADIYAH
Authors: Wahab Abd. Jamil
Published: October 2020

The rejection acts towards JAI does not only limit to the physical attacks and fatwas, but also on the banning of mentioning the religion of Islam on their national identity cards as happened in JAI Kuningan. By employing qualitative approach and theological review, it is found that the conflicts rooted on the different interpretation between JAI Manislor and Muslims in common. This study concluded that JAI should not be dismissed from Islam since the difference lies on the different interpretation of the texts, not on the denial of the texts. One particular group’s verdict that dismisses JAI from Islam without court ruling is an unlawful act, either by the religious norm or by state law. Thus, this study recommends that in order to protect the constitutional rights of JAI Kuningan and to practice the existing legislation, the government should provide the civil rights of JAI to put Islam on the religion column on their identity cards.
STRATEGI MOBILISASI SUMBER DAYA FUNDAMENTALISME ISLAM:
Authors: Santoso Arif Gunawan
Published: October 2020

Islamic fundamentalist movements are often linked to radicalism and fundamentalism which is identified by the violent  and coercion acts. This research portrays the strategy of Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) as one of the fundamental movement in Indonesia. By using qualitative design as the approach and resource mobilization theory as analysis tool, it is found that HTI does not utilize violence and coercion in their endeavor. Additionally, HTI employs dual approaches in promoting their ideas namely structural political strategy and socio-cultural strategy. Socio-cultural strategies become the main method of HTI in maintaining its existence.
KENDALA DAN PERMASALAHAN PEMBERLAKUAN UU NO. 23 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG ABSTRAK PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT:
Authors: Santoso Arif Gunawan
Published: October 2020

Policy implementation remains one of the most common problems in developing countries due to the some strategic or administrative constrains. This study employs quantitative approach by using theory of public policy as the analytic lens. The research findings reveal that there are some problems and constraints in the policy implementation related to ZIS (zakât, infaq, cadaqât) i.e. Law No. 23 Year 2011 about zakât management. This study portrays a zakât institution in Surabaya, East Java. The readiness of policy operator, namely MoRA and BAZNAS becomes the dominant factor which hinders the implementation of zakât management policy. In addition, the legal problem due to the filing of Law No. 23/2011 to the Constitutional Court by KOMAZ also contributed significantly to the implementation of this Law.
HAJI ABDUL KARIM AMRULLAH ULAMA PEMBAHARU ISLAM DI MINANGKABAU
Authors: Siswayanti Novita
Published: October 2020

Haji Abdul Karim Amrullah is an Islamic reformer from Minangkabau who played a significant role in dawah and tabligh in the spirit of purifying the practice of Islamic values from the practice of bid’ah, taqlîd, and khurafat. His struggle was in line with the philosophy of traditional Minangkabau ‘adat basandi syara’, syara’ basandi kitabullah’. Haji Abdul Karim Amrullah who was known as Haji Rasul preached Islamic teaching both in oral and in writing. Along with Kaum Mudo Minangkabau (the youth of Minangkabau), he shared his thoughts through the Al-Munir magazine. He enforced the foundation of Islamic reformation through education by establishing Surau Jembatan Besi (Madrasah Sumatra Thawalib) and Muhammadiyah as social foundations that concern about the nation. This study examines the figure and the role of Haji Rasul in the development and renewal of Islam in Minangkabau. By employing qualitative method, particularly the historical approach, this study investigates all aspects of Haji Rasul’s life. With this perspective, the profile of Haji Rasul is intensively revealed, ranging from his family background, social background, education, patterns of thought, religious works, dawah activities, his role in education, his institutions, and his impact to the society.
KEKANG SUBALTERN DALAM NEGASI MEDIA TENTANG SYIAH:
Authors: War’Í Muhammad
Published: October 2020

This paper analyzes some anti-Shia articles which are abundantly available in online media. As a minority group, Shia is in a subaltern position where they were published negatively. This publication created negative paradigm of Shia in the society. In the borderless world of cyberspace, the production of Shia articles appears in the form of unequal semiotic relationships. Quite often, the meaning of Shia was published from the subjective perspective of a particular group. For this reason, this research examines the phenomenon of Shia trending articles from the cyber semiotic perspective. The research revealed that the subaltern bridle against the Shia in the media remains so strong. It requires self-awareness to provide equal opportunity for Shia speak up in the media in a balanced way. By such opportunity, the balanced view on the Shia can be obtained. It is hoped that this objective view could establish inclusivity in religious life.
MOTIF KETERTARIKAN PEMBACA:
Authors: Mulia Vilya Lakstian Catra
Published: October 2020

Reading activity which is supported by the rich reading materials has shown its positive influence in the development of civilized society today. Besides being a part of religious orders, reading is an attempt to acquire and strengthen knowledge as well as to gain new experience. The reading content reflects the needs and objectives of the readers. Now, the relationship between the authors and the readers should met. The integrity of reading content is built by the organization of main ideas and supporting ideas, making it easier for readers to analyze patterns of structured, phased, and logical orders. The idea organization in a reading text stimulates the brain to evaluate and control over what it reads. Therefore, it needs what is known as metacognition in order to create the critical literacy for our community as the text readers. We certainly expect that reading is to construct our community to be more intelligent and insightful through the ideas presented, without getting slipped on undesirable mission of the authors.
ZIKIR MEMAKAI BIJI TASBIH DALAM PERSPEKTIF LIVING HADIS
Authors: Suryadilaga Muhammad AlFatih
Published: October 2020

Remembrance and prayer is something that is encouraged in Islam. Evidence of human devotion to his Lord is always given to Allah. In the everyday world, not least every Muslim after the five daily prayers constantly zikr. In the culture of remembrance in Indonesia is not only done individually but also together or in groups both small and large quantities, such as istighasah made in large numbers by reading verses of the Qur’an and other wird/zikir. Recitation has become a culture among Indonesia’s Muslim population. Their use of the tasbih in doing zikir in its history is the command of the Prophet. Where at the time of the Prophet. implementation of remembrance wear such devices rocks. Along with the times, the tool change like beads made of various materials such as wood, beads, glass, and so on. Even now found digital rosary is not just their number amounted to 100 pieces but could be in a matter of tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands. These beads specifications tailored to the interests of each user tasbih, where in everyday life after prayer beads then simply wear size 99 or smaller pieces 33 pieces. However, if the readings of remembrance will be read very many uses digital tasbih.
Bani Ma'shum: Identitas Keluarga Besar dan Kontestasi Kapital
Authors: Maulidia Hanifa
Published: October 2020

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan identitas sebuah keluarga muslim Jawa yaitu Bani Ma’shum. Kata bani diadopsi dari konsep Arab yang artinya adalah keturunan. Konteks sosial fenomena sosiologi ini adalah komunitas lokal Jatibarang Brebes Jawa Tengah, yang sebagian besar anggota komunitas muslimnya berafiliasi NU. Sebagai identitas keluarga besar berbasis NU, para agen dan para anggota keluarga besar Bani Ma’shum memanfaatkan identitas dan modal-modal yang mereka miliki dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menjelaskan ketiga modal yang dimiliki dan dimanfaatkan oleh Bani Ma’shum. Dalam modal budaya, sebagian besar anggota keluarga Bani Ma’shum menempuh pendidikan berbasis agama Islam, dimulai dari Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI), yang dilanjutkan ke pesantren baik tradisional maupun pesantren modern, dan dilanjutkan ke perguruan tinggi negeri maupun swasta. Modal simbolik anggota keluarga Bani Ma’shum tampil melalui prestise sebagai keluarga yang terpandang, karena banyak dari anggota Bani Ma’shum yang menjadi tokoh agama dan tokoh sosial Jatibarang. Dalam modal politik, bahwa anak pertama H. Ma’shum ada yang pernah menjabat sebagai Lurah Jatibarang, yaitu H. Abdul Halim. Ketiga modal tersebut berkontestasi dalam arena (field) sosial keagamaan, ekonomi, dan politik di Jatibarang Brebes Jawa Tengah. Dengan memiliki ketiga modal tersebut, memperkuat modal sosial yang dimiliki oleh angota Bani Ma’shum, karena dapat memperkuat jaringan, kepercayaan, dan norma yang mengikat para anggota keluarga besar Bani Ma’shum.
Rihlah Ilmiah dan Kitabah dalam Tradisi Intelektualisme Islam Nusantara
Authors: Priyatna Yana
Published: October 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan strategi pengembangan keilmuan Islam di wilayah Nusantara. Strategi-strategi ini diuraikan dengan merujuk pada tokoh-tokoh intelektual muslim atau ulama yang terlibat, keilmuan Islam yang dikembangkan, dan konteks pengembangan keilmuan itu sendiri. Studi ini menggunakan analisis berbasis literatur terhadap sejarah perkembangan keilmuan Islam Nusantara dari abad ke-16 hingga abad ke-20. Temuan artikel ini adalah bahwa ada dua strategi utama yang dilakukan oleh para ulama atau intelektual Islam dalam rangka pengembangan Islam di Nusantara, yakni rihlah ilmiah dan kitabah. Melalui temuan tersebut, artikel ini diharapkan akan memperkaya pemahaman mengenai proses kerja dan terbentuknya suatu komunitas epistemik Islam Nusantara di kalangan intelektual muslim Asia Tenggara, khususnya Indonesia, pada abad-abad tersebut.
Realisme Kritis Roy Bhaskar: ‘Pelayan’ Filosofis untuk Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Emansipatoris
Authors: Huda Muhammad Nurul
Published: October 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan sistem filsafat Roy Bhaskar yang dikenal dengan sebutan realism kritis (critical realism). Pusat perhatian akan diarahkan pada tiga fase perkembangan dalam sistem filsafat Roy Bhaskar, dengan meletakkan masing-masing fase sebagai respon terhadap  problem dalam filsafat ilmu dan tradisi filsafat Barat arus utama serta problem-problem sosial dan kemanusiaan secara umum. Artikel ini disusun dengan menggunakan analisis berbasis-literatur, dengan mengkaji karya-karya Bhaskar, pendukung, maupun pengkritiknya. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, artikel ini berpendapat bahwa filsafat Roy Bhaskar menyediakan suatu pondasi berpikir yang kokoh bagi ilmu-ilmu sosial dan kemanusiaan, khususnya ilmu-ilmu sosial emansipatoris. Ini dilakukan dengan cara memulihkan kembali dimensi ontologis dari ilmu dan selanjutnya dimensi ontologi yang lebih mendalam (deep ontology) dari dunia ini dimana kita berada, yang disingkirkan dan diabaikan oleh tradisi filsafat Barat arus utama, baik modern maupun kontemporer. Komitmen pada ontologi ilmu dan kedalaman ontologi dari dunia ini menghasilkan pondasi bagi ilmu-ilmu sosial dan kemanusiaan yang lebih memadai dan kemungkinan realisasinya bagi proyek emansipasi diri manusia.
Birokrasi, Akses Informasi, dan Siasat Warga Prekariat di Negara Pascakolonial
Authors: Hamdi Mujtaba
Published: October 2020

Asumsi yang mengatakan negara beroperasi sepenuhnya rasional-formal makin sulit dipertahankan. Negara jauh lebih baik jika dilihat bukan sebagai satu entitas yang solid dan monolitik, melainkan sebagai formasi yang terus membentuk diri melalui berbagai proses persaingan kekuasaan internal dan eksternal, yang tidak lepas dari faktor kekerabatan, pola organisasi sosial, dan, dalam konteks tertentu, sejarah kolonialisme. Penetrasi pasar yang belakangan makin dominan terhadap berbagai sisi negara dan birokrasi menambah dimensi baru dan kompleksitas relasi warga dan negara. Tulisan ini hendak memperlihatkan dinamika formalitas-informalitas itu melalui pegungkapan watak kekuasaan yang mendasari formasi negara. Di sisi lain, tulisan ini akan memperlihatkan bagaimana warga prekariat (precarious citizen) bergerak di antara rasionalitas sekaligus irasionalitas, formalitas sekaligus informalitas, itu untuk mengakses ruang negara yang dianggap serba rasional dan semakin berwatak pasar itu.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MEMPERSIAPKAN RPP DI TK AL MUSTAFA KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Nirwana Nirwana
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan Sekolah (PTS). Dalam pelaksanaannya penelitian ini terbagi atas 2 siklus yaitu siklus I, dan siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan sekolah (PTS) dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: In house training mampu meningkatkan kompetensi guru TK Al Mustafa Kota Jambi dalam menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). Hal itu dapat dibuktikan dari hasil observasi yang memperlihatkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dari siklus ke siklus. Pada siklus I nilai rata-rata komponen Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) 74% dan pada siklus II 86%. Jadi, terjadi peningkatan 12% dari siklus I.

Pendampingan yang dilakukan pengawas dengan melakukan kegiatan in House Trainng terhadap guru mampu meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP). Jadi, pengawas dan kepala sekolah perlu secara kontinu melakukan pendampingan dan pembinaan kepada guru agar kemampuan guru dapat terusmeningkat.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK TERPADU PADA MUATAN BAHASA INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH DI KELAS IV SDN 3/IX SENAUNG
Authors: Ismawati Ismawati
Published: October 2020

Berdasarkan permasalahan yang dipaparkan peneliti banyaknya siswa yang memiliki hasil belajar rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan “Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu pada muatan Bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan model Kooperatif tipe Make a match di kelas IV SDN 3/IX Senaung ”. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) sebanyak dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu : perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV.A semester ganjil (satu) tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 yang berjumlah 24 siswa. waktu penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September sampai Oktober 2019. Data yang diperoleh adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan mengunakan instrument observasi, lembar ovservasi, pengamatan, tes dan dokumentasi, selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan mengunakan reduksi data dan persentasi. Dari hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui metode Kooperatif tipe Picture and picture dapat meningkatkan Hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan hasil belajar pada siklus I (46%) dan Siklus II (83%).
Analisis Peran Stakeholders Dalam Pengembangan Destinasi Pariwisata Halal Di Pulau Penyengat Provinsi Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Destiana Riska , Kismartini Kismartini , Yuningsih Tri
Published: October 2020

Pulau Penyengat is designated as a leading area for halal tourism development. The development of halal tourism on Pulau Penyengat requires cooperation and support from many parties. The less optimal role of stakeholders in tourism development cooperation makes the reason for the importance of this research being carried out. The purpose of this research is to identify the stakeholders involved, analyze the roles of stakeholders, analyze the relationships between stakeholders, and analyze supporting and inhibiting factors. The method uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques combining online interviews, documentation and observations. The results show that the development of the island's halal tourism destinations involves stakeholders with the pentahelix concept, consisting of academics, business, community, government and mass media. There are 38 stakeholders involved and classified into primary, key and secondary stakeholders. The role of stakeholders is reflected in the roles of policy creators, coordinators, facilitators, implementers and accelerators. The relationship between stakeholders is seen from the form and activities. Value and communication are supporting factors in the development of halal tourism destinations, and trust and policies are inhibiting factors. The suggestions conveyed are the issuance of halal tourism regulations, the formation of a special tourism agency for Pulau Penyengat ,increased coordination between stakeholders, increasing the role of academic and community stakeholders, improving halal tourism support facilities, and promoting halal tourism through digital channels.
Sleep and Sensory Processing in Infants and Toddlers: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study
Authors: Appleyard Katie , Schaughency Elizabeth , Taylor Barry , Sayers Rachel , Haszard Jillian , Lawrence Julie , Taylor Rachael , Galland Barbara
Published: October 2020

Importance: Typically developing children who are sensitive to sensory stimulation appear to have more sleep difficulties than children with average sensory sensitivities; however, at what age sleep difficulties emerge and whether they extend to children outside of sleep clinics are unclear.

Objective: To investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between sleep and sensory processing in typically developing infants and toddlers.

Design: Observational; cross-sectional and longitudinal.

Setting: Community.

Participants: Children (N = 160) enrolled in a larger four-armed randomized controlled trial of overweight prevention in infancy (40 randomly selected from each arm).

Outcomes and Measures: Parent-reported sleep patterns at ages 6 mo, 1 yr, 2 yr, and 2.5 yr. Sensory Processing Measure–Preschool questionnaire covering five sensory systems and higher level functions: praxis and social participation at age 2.5 yr. Relationships between sleep and sensory variables were analyzed using multiple linear regression models.

Results: More problematic sleep at age 2.5 yr was associated with more difficulties in social–relational skills (p < .001), a finding supported by the longitudinal data. Longer settling times were associated with higher vision (p = .036) and touch (p = .028) sensitivities at age 2.5 yr; in the longitudinal data (ages 6 mo–2.5 yr), longer settling times were associated with more sensitive hearing (p = .042).

Conclusions and Relevance: Results support a link between sleep patterns and sensory processing difficulties in toddlers that, in some, can emerge in infancy. Practitioners should be alert to this association in young children presenting with sensory sensitivity or sleep challenges.

What This Article Adds: Study findings illustrate that bedtime challenges in typically developing toddlers could be related to sensory processing. A possible way to assist more sensitive children in settling to sleep is to pay attention to visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli that potentially interfere with sleep onset.
Melting Things
Authors: Raphael Hillary
Published: October 2020

(in remembrance of the infinite moments leading up to thanksgiving in japan, year 2000)
 
Melting Things
the framed photos of flowers in the corridors of hotel maruyama (and the orgasmic
moans of the girl in a nearby room)
the light-contact shiatsu massage/ the no-contact part of it
the gradated blue of tiled bathroom the bottom of the sea where only fish go the
higher part where man swims the earth the sky where planes can go the outer
reaches of the sky the purity of mankind [fade to white]
"it's better to have a beautiful sleep than to watch stupid japanese television"
the history of the kabuki theatre and it false pretensions to nobility
eye-ball licking
narcotic napping
waking up to the silky whisper of flesh-on-flesh
Test on a brake lining damper for structures
Authors: Tyler R. G.
Published: October 2020

Tests were carried out on a brake lining damper intended to dissipate energy between parts of a structure having relative motion during earthquake attack. The device operates by the sliding of a steel plate clamped against a brake lining. Hysteresis loops for the damper showed peaks for the breakaway friction force, when the value of the force was up to twice that obtained for continuous movement. Also values of the coefficient of friction derived from the test were lower than those quoted elsewhere. Further testing is required prior to the use of the method in structures.
Impact of Digital Economy on Intellectual Property Law
Authors: khan Asif , Wu Ximei
Published: October 2020

Intellectual property is regarded to be the digital economy's hot issue. It ranges from theoretical arguments to own information concerning everyday life relating to the foundation of internet geography. The current study deals with the impact of the digital economy on intellectual property law and proposes that although various countries have given many intellectual property laws, no such implementation has ever been made. Still, the digital world has witnessed the protection of intellectual law through technical protection and contracts. The digital economy has greatly impacted the intellectual property law that can be witnessed through cyber squatter legislation and significant legal and economic protection developments. The endorsement of business methods patents and e-commerce would significantly affect freedom, computer as well as privacy. However, some of their personal information has been suggested by giving individual property rights while describing it to protect freedom and privacy. In this study, it has also been concluded that policy is critical to conceive and analyze issues so that it would be technology independent. It would help policymakers to draft legislation and policies in the same way. In addition to this, policymakers' decisions should not base on any business model's specifics only. Moreover, the study suggests the need for other adaptations to ensure that all the essential purposes in copyright laws, such as giving free access to the public for a broader range of information, have been adequately fulfilled in the digital economy context. However, such adaptations are yet to design, and for completing such tasks, the stakeholders' participation is significant.
Rangorde van schulden der nalatenschap bij vereffening van nalatenschappen
Authors: Biemans J.W.A.
Published: October 2020

Rangorde van schulden der nalatenschap bij vereffening van nalatenschappen

Centraal staat de rangorde van de schulden der nalatenschap (inclusief pand, hypotheek, voorrechten en andere voorrang) aan de hand van artikel 4:7 BW en de toepasselijke bepalingen in Boek 3 BW en in bijzondere wetten.
De waarde(ring) van het niet-opeisbare prelegaat en de erfdelen van de kinderen bij de wettelijke verdeling
Authors: Brinkman R.E.
Published: October 2020

De waarde(ring) van het niet-opeisbare prelegaat en de erfdelen van de kinderen bij de wettelijke verdeling

In dit artikel wordt onderzocht hoe renteloze en niet-opeisbare prelegaten aan een erfgenaam zowel civielrechtelijk als fiscaalrechtelijk gewaardeerd moeten worden als er ook een wettelijke verdeling van toepassing is, en hoe de omvang van de erfdelen van de kinderen beïnvloed wordt door dergelijke prelegaten.
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection as a differential diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV patients
Authors: Chiang C-H. , Lee G-H. , Chiang T-H. , Tang P-U. , Fang C-T.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection (DMAC) has symptoms and microscopic findings similar to those of TB in HIV patients. To inform a clinical algorithm-based differential diagnosis, we aimed to characterise the clinical features of DMAC.METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study of 192 HIV-positive patients with culture-confirmed mycobacterial infections hospitalised during 1996–2016 at a major HIV/AIDS treatment centre in Taiwan.RESULTS: HIV patients with DMAC (n = 58) had a three times higher 1-year mortality
than those with TB (n = 98) (48.3% vs. 16.3%, P < 0.001). DMAC and TB were not distinguishable by the WHO TB screening criteria (fever, cough, night sweats or weight loss). Nevertheless, DMAC was characterised by a lower median CD4 count (5.0 cells/µL vs. 38.5 cells/µL,
P < 0.001), lower median body mass index (BMI) (17.7 kg/m2 vs. 19.7 kg/m2, P = 0.002) and the absence of chest radiographic findings (P < 0.001). Simultaneous presence of CD4 <20 cells/µl, BMI <18.5 kg/m2 and negative
chest radiographic finding had a 98% specificity for diagnosing DMAC against TB or other types of mycobacterial infections.CONCLUSION: DMAC is an important differential diagnosis of TB in HIV patients. A simple rule based on CD4, BMI and chest radiography may inform the decision
to start anti-DMAC treatment in patients with mycobacterial infection.
Modeling the likely economic cost of non-adherence to TB medicines in the Philippines
Authors: Collins D. , Lam H. , Firdaus H. , Antipolo J. , Mangao P.
Published: October 2020

SETTING: The Philippines has a population of over 90 million people and is one of the 22 highest TB burden countries in the world.OBJECTIVE: To understand the economic cost of non-adherence to TB medicines due to loss to follow up and stock-outs in the Philippines.DESIGN:
Data were collected on the economic costs of non-adherence to TB medicines and a model was developed to show those costs under different scenarios.RESULTS: The model showed that as many as 1958 and 233 persons are likely to have died as a result of DS-TB and MDR-TB loss to follow
up, respectively, and 588 persons are likely to have died as a result of TB medicine stock outs. The related economic impact in each case is likely have been to be as much as US$72.2 million, US$13.4 million and US$21.0 million, respectively.CONCLUSION: The
economic costs of non-adherence to TB medicines due to loss to follow-up and stock-outs represent a significant economic burden for the country and it is likely that the cost of addressing these problems would be much less than this burden and, therefore, a wise investment.
Change in smoking behaviour of people who suffer from respiratory disease
Authors: Fan Y. C. , Zhao Y. , Xiang Q. , Hu J. , Sharma M. , Chen H.
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE: To analyse smoking behaviour in patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary TB (PTB).METHODS: The study population comprised 421 inpatients newly diagnosed with NSCLC, COPD and PTB
at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, and 362 healthy individuals (controls) recruited from September 2016 to March 2017. All participants were current smokers. After enrolment, the subjects were invited to participate in face-to-face interviews
to complete the self-designed questionnaire. A follow-up survey was performed 2 years later.RESULTS: Two years after being diagnosed, patients with NSCLC, COPD and PTB had smoking cessation rates of respectively 76.8%, 62.8% and 63.7%. The cessation rate was only 10.2% in the control
group (P < 0.01). The difficulty of smoking cessation after diagnosis in patients with the three diseases was significantly decreased (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: The smoking cessation rate among participants suffering from NSCLC, COPD and PTB increased after diagnosis
compared with that before diagnosis, and was significantly higher than the control group of healthy individuals.
Breastfeeding in women living with tuberculosis
Authors: Loveday M. , Hlangu S. , Furin J.
Published: October 2020

Breast milk provides optimal nutrition, and is recommended for neonates and infants. In women with TB, there has been uncertainty about optimal feeding practices due to the risk of transmission to the neonate and the possibility of drug exposure via breast milk. For women who have drug-susceptible
TB (DS-TB) who are no longer infectious, it is safe to breastfeed as breast milk does not contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli and only minor, non-toxic quantities of the drugs pass into breast milk. Most guidelines therefore encourage breastfeeding in women with DS-TB. However,
there is uncertainty and guidelines vary regarding women with DS-TB who are still infectious and in women with rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB). Although the transmission dynamics of DS- and RR-TB are similar, additional infection control precautions for RR-TB may be necessary until the mother
is responding to treatment, as second-line therapy may be less efficacious and preventive therapy is not widely offered to infants. In addition, there are no published data describing the extent to which second-line drugs are secreted into breast milk or subsequent exposure in breastfed infants.
The implications of limited information on policy and consequent dilemmas regarding patient care are illustrated in a patient scenario. Areas for future research are suggested.
Misuse of Antibiotics and the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in the Community
Authors: Sturgeon Delia Cassandra
Published: October 2020

A crucial issue that threatens humanity worldwide, is the misuse of antibiotics (Marquard & Li, 2018). However, the terms misuse and overuse of antibiotics are widely misunderstood, as many assume that antibiotics are only acquired directly through a prescription by a medical professional. The reality of the situation is much more complex, and many do not realise the indirect intake through ingestion with food (Philips et al., 2003) and recreational actions (Schwartz et al., 2003). Moreover, such information is kept out of the limelight, keeping the community unaware of this pressing issue. Antibiotic resistance is escalating globally as social behaviour is leading to selective pressure creating resistant strains of bacteria through excessive exploitation of antibiotics (Okeke & Edelman, 1999). This article aims to address the mechanisms of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the link to healthy individuals’ gut flora, creating asymptomatic carriers within the community.
Since many students at MCAST are undertaking courses that may aid in the transportation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as animal husbandry, they need to be aware of bacterial strains found in farm animals, which pose a potential risk to humans via the food chain. Students undergoing courses that lead to health-related work, seeking future employment in a clinical setting, also need to be aware of the threat antibiotic-resistant pathogens pose to humans advancing from a clinical setting to the community. Persons working within such industries need to understand both how pathogens gain resistance, and how they spread, to apprehend methods of avoiding transmission. This study endeavours to increase local awareness within the community, and avoid this socioeconomic threat, by addressing behavioural factors.
Bioconversion of Lactose from Cheese Whey to Organic Acids
Authors: Manuel Pais-Chanfrau José , Núñez-Pérez Jimmy , del Carmen Espin-Valladares Rosario , Vinicio Lara-Fiallos Marcos , Enrique Trujillo-Toledo Luis
Published: October 2020

Organic acids constitute a group of organic compounds that find multiple applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. For this reason, the market for these products is continuously growing. Traditionally, most organic acids have been produced by chemical synthesis from oil derivatives. However, the irreversible depletion of oil has led us to pay attention to other primary sources as possible raw materials to produce organic acids. The microbial production of organic acids from lactose could be a valid, economical, and sustainable alternative to guarantee the sustained demand for organic acids. Considering that lactose is a by-product of the dairy industry, this review describes different procedures to obtain organic acids from lactose by using microbial bioprocesses.