bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Literacy for Rural Women: Pathways to Empowerment and Socioeconomic Inclusion
Authors: Meenu  , Dua Kavita , Yadav Yashpal
Published: January 2025

This review paper explores the line of how digital literacy can give rural women power, addressing the hurdles those women face and what innovations might be needed to bring inclusion and economic advancement. This paper aims to look at what has been done so far to promote digital literacy among rural women through existing literature on digital literacy initiatives for rural women and to determine the best way to enhance digital skills to meet their needed. It aims at circumventing some of the barriers rural women encounter in accessing digital resources, evaluating the effectiveness of the existing training models to propose scalable, culturally innovative methods of improving digital literacy. The study examines how digital literacy efforts affect rural women by using a thematic analysis of secondary data, such as surveys, case studies, and program evaluations. The analysis finds important routes to socioeconomic inclusion and empowerment by combining knowledge from multiple sources. It also appraises need-based training modules focused on local language content, peer support and low-impacting technological demands. Results show that rural women’s economic independence, social engagement and community participation are positively impacted by digital literacy. Nevertheless, consistent gaps remain in policy support and allocations of resources for sustaining the digital literacy program. Finally, the paper recommends pursuing this effort on the basis of collaborative ground-up efforts at the borders of policymakers, educational in stitutions and organizational entities for the development of the accessible and sustainable initiative of digital literacy geared towards a broader empowerment and development goal.
Combined Efficacy of Bio Agents and Fungicides for the Effective Management of Major Finger Millet (Eleucine coracana L.Gaertn.) Diseases
Authors: P.T.Sharavanan  , Rajesh M. , Kumar T. Senthil , Mathiyazhagan S. , Manimozhiselvi V. , Nirmalakumari A.
Published: January 2025

A detailed study was undertaken during 2021-23 to evaluate suitable management practices for major diseases of finger millet. Leaf blast disease was observed from 15 days after sowing (DAS) and showing an increasing trend up to 52 DAS. Whereas, Helminthosporium leaf spot was observed from 37 DAS till harvesting of the crop. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of different treatments comprises of fungicides and biocontrol agents at Centre of Excellence in Millets, Athiyandal, India and it was found that seed treatment with B. subtilis at 10g/kg of seed + spray of Azoxystrobin 25 SC @ 200 ml/ac at 25 and 40 days after sowing, was highly effective in controlling blast and Helminthosporium leaf spot after sowing was found to be very effective in controlling blast and Helminthosporium leaf spot.and recorded maximum yield when compared to other treatments and which is followed by seed treatment with B. subtilis at 10g/kg of seed + Tricyclazole 75 WP @ 500 g/Ha at 25 days after sowing.
Growth Dynamics of Poultry Products in India and Karnataka: A Focus on Egg and Meat Production
Authors: Honyal Arun Shivayogi , Mitrannavar D. H. , Hiremath G. M. , Nayak M. R. , G. K Anilkumar
Published: January 2025

The present study evaluates the growth dynamics of egg and meat production in India and Karnataka from 2008-09 to 2022-23. The study was based on secondary data, Compound Annual Growth Rate, Coefficient of Variance and Cuddy Della Valley Instability Index were used to analyse the Growth and instability in Production of egg and mean in India and Karnataka At the national level, egg production increased significantly from 62.41 billion to 143.25 billion, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.63 per cent, while meat production grew from 4.2 million metric tons to 9.8 million metric tons, recording a CAGR of 6.06 per cent. In Karnataka, egg production grew from 4.54 billion to 7.49 billion, achieving a CAGR of 3.61 per cent, whereas meat production exhibited remarkable growth from 18,000 metric tons to 206,000 metric tons, with a CAGR of 18.54 per cent. The analysis highlights moderate variability in national egg production (CV: 30.43%) and meat production (CV: 25.27%), while Karnataka's egg production showed lower variability (CV: 15.77%) compared to meat production (CV: 63.29%). The Cuddy-Della Valle Instability Index (CDVI) reflects relative stability in national egg production (6.99) and meat production (3.71), with Karnataka's values of 0.49 for eggs and 11.17 for meat indicating a mature layer farming sector and dynamic broiler farming growthThe findings underscore the poultry sector's critical role in enhancing nutrition security, boosting rural livelihoods and driving economic development. Sustained investments in disease management, climate-controlled production systems and global trade opportunities will further strengthen the poultry industry's contribution to India's agricultural economy.
Smile, Sara! and Other Stories: Creating Children’s Picture Books Exploring Emotional Regulation
Authors: Fariman Vania Jovita , Irawan Stefanny
Published: January 2025

As the emotional regulation process has already happened since childhood, it is a crucial phase to learn to manage emotions with different strategies. This paper explores emotional regulation strategies performed by children in five children’s picture book stories. The theoretical framework is derived from Emotional Regulation Theory by James Gross. Using antecedent-focused strategies such as situation modification shows better effects than a response modulation strategy such as expressive suppression has negative consequences. As a result of performing expressive suppression strategy, each child character in the stories experiences unpleasant effects such as stress, pessimism, and discomfort with the people around them. The characters then switch to a situation modification strategy by modifying aspects of their initial situation that trigger their negative emotions. All these lead to better consequences of emotional regulation such as experiencing a happier mood and lower levels of negative mood.
A Systematic Literature Review on Hospital Supply Chain Management: Exploring Hospital Types, Methodologies, SCOR Framework, and Technological Innovations
Authors: Setiawati Marla , Yehuda Christofer , Bima Damasus Dista , Halim Richardo , Mayo Yoshua
Published: January 2025

This paper provides a systematic literature review of hospital supply chain management (SCM), emphasizing variations across hospital types, methodological frameworks, the SCOR model, and technological advancements. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, the study systematically identifies, screens, and synthesizes relevant research to ensure comprehensive and high-quality data. The article selection process was done through a multiple screening procedure by four researchers, who collaboratively assessed data quality and relevance to the research topic. Individual researchers then further evaluated each identified article to avoid bias and ensure objectivity in the selection process. It highlights unique SCM challenges public and private hospitals face, particularly in resource allocation and technology adoption. Constrained by budget limitations, public hospitals often depend on collaborations and streamlined processes to ensure essential supplies. In contrast, private hospitals leverage technological tools such as AI, IoT, and blockchain for real-time data analysis and efficiency gains. Key SCM methodologies reviewed include Deep Reinforcement Learning, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making frameworks, and simulation modeling, each offering diverse benefits in cost management, inventory control, and decision support. The SCOR framework’s applicability to hospitals is also discussed, emphasizing areas for process optimization and patient care improvements. The study concludes with insights into strategic SCM practices that support operational resilience, efficiency, and patient outcomes across hospital types, urging future research on scalable, technology-driven SCM solutions for healthcare institutions.
The Role of Product Information Quality and Streamer Credibility in Building Trust and Purchase Intention
Authors: Faizza Tiara Dinda , Roostika Ratna
Published: January 2025

The rapid advancement of digital technology today. The presence of live streaming makes it one of the marketing strategies that allow us to share moments and sales in real time. Several factors influence the success of a marketing strategy using live streaming. This study analyzes Product Information Quality (PIQ), Streamer Information Quality (SIQ), and Streamer Credibility (SC) on Purchase Intention in the context of Shopee live-streaming. Trust becomes a mediating variable in consumer purchasing decisions. This research uses SOR theory with the focus of the research to understand and explain the quality of product and streamer information, as well as streamer credibility in influencing trust in online transactions. A quantitative approach was chosen to analyze the structural model by distributing a sample of 236 respondents, then processed with SEM-PLS. PLS analysis revealed that PIQ, SIQ, and SC positively and significantly influence Trust. Trust has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intention. The research results are expected to enrich empirical findings related to the role of live streaming. The ability to develop trust should be considered in online marketing strategies because shopping is logical and emotional.
ERRO MÉDICO E RESPONSABILIDADE LEGAL: ANÁLISE DAS QUESTÕES DE NEGLIGÊNCIA, RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO E REPARAÇÃO NA PRÁTICA MÉDICA
Authors: Dias Aragão Igor , Bastos Cardoso Andressa Elis
Published: January 2025

A judicialização da medicina tem se tornado cada vez mais habitual no Brasil, devido a diversos fatores. O erro médico advém de uma conduta profissional inadequada, capaz de produzir dano à vida ou à saúde de outrem, devido a uma atitude imprudente, negligente ou imperita. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como escopo identificar qual a responsabilidade civil em casos de erro médico advindos da negligência, ou seja, causados devido a ausência de prestação do serviço com os cuidados necessários ao paciente, o que implica desleixo sendo capaz de determinar responsabilidade por culpa, bem como verificar as possibilidades de reparação pelos danos causados.
ConverseLearn: A Multimodal AI Educational Assistant For Dynamic Learning And Practicing The Communication Skills And Real-Time Support
Authors: S S Nivetha , Sai Potu Purna , S Nivetha
Published: January 2025

ConverseLearn is an innovative multimodal AI educational assistant designed to enhance dynamic learning and
improve communication skills in real-time. This platform leverages advanced natural language processing,
speech recognition, and computer vision technologies to create an interactive and engaging learning experience.
By simulating real-life conversational scenarios, ConverseLearn allows users to practice and refine their
communication abilities, receiving instant feedback on their verbal and non-verbal cues. The system
accommodates diverse learning styles and preferences, offering personalized content through adaptive algorithms
that analyze user performance and adjust difficulty levels accordingly. Users can engage in various activities,
such as role-playing, group discussions, and presentations, fostering collaborative learning environments that
promote peer interaction. Furthermore, ConverseLearn includes a rich repository of multimedia resources—
including videos, podcasts, and articles— that provide context and support for users as they develop their skills.
Its real-time assistance feature offers on-the-spot guidance, enabling learners to navigate challenges and enhance
their confidence during practice sessions. Educators can also utilize ConverseLearn's comprehensive tracking
and analytics tools to monitor student progress, identify areas for improvement, and tailor instructional strategies.
By bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, ConverseLearn empowers users to
communicate more effectively in both professional and personal contexts. Its multimodal approach ensures an
inclusive experience, catering to learners with varying needs and backgrounds. Ultimately, ConverseLearn stands
out as a transformative educational technology that not only promotes effective communication but also prepares
users for the complexities of modern interactions. With its commitment to learner-centric design and dynamic capability, ConverseLearn is poised to redefine how individuals acquire and practice essential communication skills in an increasingly interconnected world
A Comparative Study On Efficacy Of Intrathecal Ropivacaine Heavy With Dexmedetomidine And Intrathecal Bupivacaine Heavy With Dexmedetomidine In Lower Abdominal And Lower Limb Surgeries
Authors: Mishra Dr. Bishwa Prakash , Goel Dr. Sharad , Sharma Dr. Shailja , Gupta Dr. Lokesh
Published: January 2025

.
The Role Of Endoscopic Treatment In Lithiasic Cholangitis
Authors: Mrabti Samir. , Benhamdane Ahlam. , Bennas Jihane. , Rouibaa Fedoua. , Seddik Hassan.
Published: January 2025

Acute lithiasic cholangitis is a bacterial infection of the biliary tract due to a lithiasic obstruction. It is a
therapeutic emergency that can be life-threatening. The aim of our work is to evaluate the results of endoscopic
drainage in cases of acute lithiasic cholangitis.
Materials and Methods
This is a descriptive and analytical retrospective study conducted in the Gastroenterology II department of the
HMI Med V of RABAT between April 2002 and April 2022 including 207 patients who underwent ERCP for acute
cholangitis. We analyzed the epidemiological data of the patients, the results of the ERCP, as well as the morbidity
and mortality post-endoscopic sphincterotomy.
Results
The mean age of the patients was 58 years with extremes ranging from 21 to 80 years and a sex ratio of 0.66.
Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy was performed in 91.4% of cases. A nasobiliary drain was placed in 16.1% of
cases. The overall success rate of stone extraction was 95.2%. The cure rate at 7 days after ERCP was 92.4%.
The overall rate of early post-ERCP complications was 8.5%. The mortality rate was zero.
Conclusion
Endoscopic sphincterotomy has revolutionized the treatment of common bile duct lithiasis and lithiatic cholangitis. It allows good biliary drainage. Its results are satisfactory, with less morbidity and mortality compared to surgical treatment.
Sténose Des Veines Pulmonaires Après Radiofréquence Pour Fibrillation Atriale : A Propos D’un Cas
Authors: laouzi H.El , Zidani A.
Published: January 2025

.
Exosomes In Periodontal Regeneration– A Comprehensive Review
Authors: S Dr. Abinaya , N Dr. Sapna , A Dr. Suchetha. , S.M Dr. Aproova , K Dr. Vinodhini
Published: January 2025

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium which is characterized by a progressive destruction
of the tissues supporting the tooth. Subgingival dental biofilm elicits a host inflammatory and immune response,
ultimately leading to irreversible destruction of the periodontium (i.e. alveolar bone and periodontal ligament)
in a susceptible host. The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of the tissues destroyed as a
result of periodontal disease. Periodontal regeneration is the restoration of lost or diminished periodontal tissues
including cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Some of the techniques for regeneration involves
Free gingival graft, guided tissue regeneration, guided bone regeneration, Enamel matrix derivative, bone grafts,
root bio modification, tissue engineering, cell sheet engineering, stem cells. Exosomes generated from stem cells
are now a promising alternative to stem cell therapy, with therapeutic results comparable to those of their blast cells. It has great potential in regulating immune function, inflammation, microbiota, and tissue regeneration and has shown good effects in periodontal tissue regeneration.
Prevention of Burst Abdomen by Interrupted Midline Fascial Closure in Emergency Laparotomy
Authors: Islam Dr. Md. Nazrul , Choudhury Dr Rahat Anwer , Sarkar Dr. Partho , Hossain Dr.Md. Shabbir , Molla Dr.Md. Mamun
Published: January 2025

Background: Burst abdomen represents one of the most frustrating and difficult postoperative complication that
concerns every abdominal surgeon. It occurs because of various predisposing factors which can be prevented to
some extend by having knowledge regarding them. Despite many years of experience, the optimal technique of
emergency laparotomy closure remains more or less controversial. The varieties of surgical excess as well as the
varieties of abdominal closure techniques are the main difficulties in the proper standardization of this procedure.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the technique of rectus sheath closure in patients
undergoing emergency laparotomy that can reduce the burden of complications in post-operative period.
Materials and methods: A total of 260 patients of acute abdominal condition who underwent laparotomy were
randomized into two groups of 130 patients in each group. Results: Total 19(7.30%) of 260 patients developed
burst abdomen in the post- operative period. Twelve 12(9.23%) in continuous arms and seven 7(5.34%) patients
in interrupted arms developed burst abdomen. Burst abdomen occurring mostly 40-60 years of age group with a
male to female ratio 1.48:1. Predictor Variables: Cough, anemia, malnutrition, DM, intraperitoneal Sepsis,
wound infection, uremia and abdominal distension were the important predisposing factors for the incidence of burst abdomen. Conclusion: Interrupted suturing was associated with significantly reduced the burst abdomen when comparing with continuous closure.
Prevalence of Refractive Error among School Going Children in District Level in Bangladesh
Authors: Choudhury Dr. Rahat Anwer , Hossain Professor Khondokar Anowar , Ahmed Dr. Munir , Pramanik Dr. Moutusi , Biswas Suresh
Published: January 2025

Background: Refractive error is one of the most common causes of visual impairment around and it is quite
common among school-going children. Children of age 05 years-15 years are large number portions of the
country but few studies on such ground had been carried out previously. Objectives: The aim of the study was to
evaluate the prevalence of refractive error among school going children in district level in Bangladesh. Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in schools & Madrasha within the Sadar Upozila, Faridpur district. The
study involved 3057 school children aged 5–15 years, randomly selected from 12 institutions during February
2020 to December 2020. A total of 196 patients were referred to the hospital among them 150 participated in the
study.46 (23.5%) students did not participate further and were classified as dropouts. Statistical analyses of the
results were be obtained by using window-based Microsoft Excel and Statistical Packages for Social Sciences
(SPSS-24).Results: In this study, the prevalence of the population with refractive error was 196(6.41%). Among
them 150 reported to hospital for corrective measures and participated in the study the dropout rate stands at 46
(23.5%). According to the age distribution, (42%) participants were between the ages of 5 and 7,(36.66%) were
between the ages of 8 and 10, and (21.33%) were between the ages of 11 and 15. In terms of gender, (58%) of the
patients were male and (42%) were female. According to the parents' occupation status, (31.33%) were
housewives, (40.66%) were service holders, (6%) were day laborers, (15.33%) were business owners and (6.66%)
were other occupations. According to the factors, (52.66%) children played outside, (26.66%) parents wore
spectacles. It was observed that 69(46%) had myopia, 51(34%) had astigmatism 24(16%) had Hyperopia and 6
(4%) had Amblyopia Conclusion: Improving awareness among parents and teachers, implementing routine eye
exams in schools, and enhancing access to affordable corrective eyewear are critical steps toward reducing the
prevalence of refractive errors among school-going children in Bangladesh. It is essential to integrate eye health into national health policies and ensure that all children have access to necessary eye care services to promote better visual health and educational outcomes
Case Report Of Complete Pulpotomy In Maxillary Second Premolar In Dental Practice In A 15 Year Old Patient.
Authors: Athanasia Champilomati , Georgia Kosidou
Published: January 2025

The goal of this case report is to evaluate the outcomes of complete pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate
(MTA) in maxillary second premolar (#25). Clinically and radiographically a large carious lesion was visible
under a resin restoration in the disto-occlusal area of the tooth without pulp involvement. The tooth presented
the classic symptomatology and signs of reversible pulpitis. The intraoral radiograph also showed no alterations
in the periapical area, no clinical and radiographic evidence of pulp degeneration, swelling or sinus tract,
internal resorption,absorptions and no periapical bone destruction. During the percussion test no discomfort was
noted, and the patient didn’t report night pain. Cold test was performed, using Endo ice refrigerant spray
(Coltene) and showed no sign of pain after removal of stimulus. Caries and coronal inflamed pulp were removed
with the use of a round-/large slow speed bur and bleeding was controlled with 2.5% of sodium hypochlorite.
Later, the tooth was restored with GIC resin modified and progress of the tooth was radiographically followed up for 6 months, 1 year and then 2 years, where no periapical alterations or pain were noted.
Developing An Algorithm For Empirical Antibiotic Therapy Using Urinary Pus Cells And Hematological Markers In Urinary Tract Infections.
Authors: Sain Snigdha , Dagar Dr. Vikas
Published: January 2025

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent bacterial infections globally, affecting individuals
of all age groups and posing a significant public health challenge. While Escherichia coli is the leading
causative agent, accounting for approximately 80% of infections, other pathogens such as Klebsiella spp.,
Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus species also contribute to the disease burden. Clinical manifestations
include dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, and systemic symptoms like fever and flank pain in severe cases.
Risk factors include anatomical anomalies, poor hygiene, urinary retention, diabetes, and immunosuppression.
This study investigates the clinical features, common pathogens, and potential biomarkers for diagnosing and
predicting the severity of UTIs. Biomarkers such as white blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, and urinary pus
cell counts emerged as significant indicators for early diagnosis and pathogen identification. The findings
highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate management to mitigate complications such as
recurrent infections and the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of UTI pathogenesis and developing advanced strategies for prevention and treatment
Hypertension In Asia: Prevalence And Risk Factors: Systematic Review And Meta-Analyses
Authors: K S Jayakrishnan , T R Babu Rajendra Prasad , S Sarathlal , Hameed Jamila
Published: January 2025

Objective:
This study aims to evaluate the risk factors and the prevalence of hypertension in the Asian population since there
has been a recent increase in incidences of hypertension leading to premature death.
Methods:
Various risk factors like BMI, lifestyle, alcohol, smoking, stress, psychological factors, sodium intake,
urbanization, and diabetes were studied in the Asian population. Data analysis was done with SPSS. A total of
9063 studies were identified. Twelve studies with a total subject of 16105851 were selected.
Results:
The Singaporean study shows a strong link between BMI and hypertension with Malaysia showing a similar
correlation. Tibet shows a correlation of hypertension with diabetes mellitus and altitude. A prevalence of 14%
hypertension in diabetic males was found. Pakistani study expresses a significant correlation between obesity
and hypertension. The study by Nepal depicts the relationship between the level of physical activity and
hypertension. UAE reports hypertension in males. Saudi exhibits a low overall prevalence of 9.2% in a large
sample. Iran shows a moderate gender difference in males while India displays an association between smoking
and urbanization with hypertension. The Bangladeshi study marks an urban-rural divide signifying the impact of
urbanization. The Vietnamese study suggests a correlation between alcohol consumption and hypertension. Conclusion: Preventive measures like lifestyle modifications through regular exercise, a balanced, nutritious diet and early diagnosis could be crucial in averting the condition.
The Role Of Robots In Laboratory Medicine In The Last Decade (2014 -2024): A Narrative Review
Authors: Ebeigbe Ejime , Enebeli Chika Prosper , Obomhense Ehijie , Elueme Ewere Augustina , Amanze Uche Christopher
Published: January 2025

Background:
Because of their capacity to evaluate enormous volumes of data, identify trends, and generate forecasts or
recommendations, robots in laboratory medicine have completely changed how laboratories function globally.
An overview of the use of robots in laboratory medicine for the past ten years is what this narrative review
attempts to present.
Methods:
A thorough search was carried out utilizing the databases PUBMED and Google Scholar in order to carry out
this narrative evaluation. The keywords "Robots AND Laboratory Medicine AND Automation" were part of the
search strategy. The papers that were found were filtered according to their topical relevance. Articles that were
peer-reviewed, written in English, and published during the previous ten years met the inclusion requirements.
After reviewing the chosen articles, the narrative synthesis approach was used to synthesize the findings.
Results:
There are five primary areas in which robots are used in laboratory medicine: sample preparation, testing,
analysis, Point-of-Care Testing (POCT)
and the benefits of robotic automation, which include increased precision, effectiveness, and patient safety. In
laboratory medicine, automation and robotics aid in sample handling (preparation, testing, and analysis),
improving accuracy and lowering human error. Targeted interventions and individualized treatment regimens are
made possible by the ability to teach robots to use patient data, including genomic information, to identify risk
factors, genetic variations, and disease-specific biomarkers. Furthermore the use of robotic systems in point-ofcare testing (POCT) has grown, opening up diagnostic testing outside of conventional laboratory settings. Small,
portable, automated devices such as Cepheid's GeneXpert and Abbott's ID NOW can conduct testing at the
patient's bedside or in distant areas. Additionally, robotics provide prompt interventions and real-time patient
monitoring, which stops the progression of disease. However, this narrative review also highlighted the challenges
that come with using robots in laboratory medicine, including high upfront costs, technological issues, and
regulatory frameworks. Conclusion: Although robotics are revolutionizing laboratory medicine and healthcare in general, it is crucial to address the difficulties and moral dilemmas surrounding their use
Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Experience Of 9 Cases In The Nuclear Medicine Department Of CHU Hassan II Of Fez
Authors: Mohammed Otmane , Nadia Alaoui Ismaili
Published: January 2025

Background: Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (PDTC) is a rare and aggressive form of thyroid
cancer, representing 1% to 3% of all thyroid malignancies. This study evaluates the clinical, biological, and
therapeutic characteristics of 9 patients treated at the Nuclear Medicine Department of CHU Hassan II in Fez.
The aim is to analyze the efficacy of high-dose radioiodine therapy and alternative treatments in patients who
exhibit iodine-131 refractoriness.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 9 patients diagnosed with PDTC and treated with highdose radioiodine therapy were analyzed. Clinical parameters such as age, sex, metastasis at diagnosis, iodine
refractoriness, and therapeutic response were evaluated. Patients refractory to radioiodine therapy were
treated with sorafenib. Survival rates and follow-up outcomes were assessed over 24 months.
Results: The median age was 58 years, with a female predominance (67%). Initial metastases were present in 5
patients (55%). Three patients (33%) were refractory to iodine-131 and received sorafenib. The overall survival
rate at 24 months was 89%. Despite aggressive therapies, radioiodine-refractory patients demonstrated poorer
prognoses.
Conclusion: Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma remains a challenging malignancy due to its
aggressiveness and frequent iodine-131 refractoriness. High-dose radioiodine therapy is effective in selected patients, but targeted therapies such as sorafenib are crucial for refractory cases to improve outcomes.
Use Of Platelet Rich Plasma In Burns Patients At A Tertiary Care Centre, Tamil Nadu
Authors: S Dr. Sai Karthik. , Balasundaram Dr. K.A. , K Dr. Murali. , Prasanna Dr. K. , Nellaiappar Prof. P.
Published: January 2025

.
Risk Factors Of ACS In Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Akhwanur Rahman , Uddin Md. Mojib , Monzoor Md. Raihan , Kamal Md. Mostafa , Azad Md. Abul Kalam
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with its
prevalence rising among younger adults. While traditionally considered a condition affecting older individuals,
recent studies have highlighted an increasing incidence of ACS in younger populations, emphasizing the
importance of identifying early risk factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of risk factors of ACS in
young adults.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology in 250 Baded
General Hospital, Naogaon, Bangladesh. The study duration was one year. The study population consisted of a
total of 100 young adults under the age of 35 years who were admitted to the study hospital for some form of
acute coronary syndromes and had undergone coronary angiograms during the study period. Data analysis was
carried out by using the statistical package SPSS version 23.0 Windows software.
Result: The study of 100 participants found that 90% were male, with the majority (67%) aged 31-35 years. Most
had normal BMI (83%), and 63% reported no stress. Chest pain was the most common symptom (95%), and
hypertension (70%) was the most prevalent risk factor, followed by diabetes (55%) and smoking (43%). ECG
findings showed that 50% had ST-segment elevation. Lipid profiles revealed elevated triglycerides (212.0 mg/dl)
and LDL-C (138.3 mg/dl), with HDL-C within normal limits (39.1 mg/dl).
Conclusion: This study concludes that the increasing prevalence of ACS among young adults and emphasizes the
role of traditional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, and stress. The clinical and
diagnostic findings in this study, including typical chest pain, ST-segment elevation on ECG, and elevated lipid levels, align with previous research, underlining the need for early detection and intervention to reduce the burden of ACS in younger populations
Role Of Integrative Weaning Index For Prediction Of Successful Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Rashid Dr. Md Harun Ur , Hannan Dr. Mohammad Abdul , Islam Dr. Md Amirul , Hasan Dr. Md Kamrul , Alim Dr. Md Abdul
Published: January 2025

Objective: Weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) requires a multidisciplinary care team. The Integrative
Weaning Index (IWI) is a more objective measure compared to conventional methods, considering multiple system
functions simultaneously. This study investigates the role of IWI in predicting successful weaning from MV.
Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over twelve months at the
Department of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical
University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from March 2021 to February 2022. A total of 56 patients on mechanical
ventilation eligible for weaning were included after obtaining informed written consent. IWI was calculated using
SaO2, Cst, and f/Vt. Success was defined as an index level ≥25, and failure as <25. Data were analyzed using
SPSS version 24.
Results: The mean age of the subjects was 45.5 ± 8.93 years, with a male predominance of 60.7%. A successful
spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) outcome was observed in 71.4% of patients. The receiver operating
characteristics (ROC) curve determined a cut-off value of 25 for the IWI score, with sensitivity, specificity,
positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 90%, 75%, 90%, 75%, and 85.7%,
respectively. IWI demonstrated the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.875 compared to SaO2 (0.801), GCS (0.744), and RSBI (0.807). Conclusion: The Integrative Weaning Index is useful for predicting successful weaning from mechanical ventilation. However, larger multicenter studies are recommended.
Analyzing The Impact Of Age And Gender On Malignancy Rates In Sino-Nasal Tumors
Authors: Haque Muhammad Mahmudul , Shahrear Md. Khaled , Ikbal Ashik
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Sino-nasal tumors, a diverse group of neoplasms affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses,
present varying clinical and demographic characteristics. This study aimed to assess the frequency of malignancy
in sino-nasal tumors concerning age and gender.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the ENT and Head-Neck Surgery
department, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, from June 2014 to November 2014. A total of 60
patients presenting with sinonasal tumors were selected as study subjects by purposive sampling technique. Data
analysis was done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. A descriptive method was
adopted.
Result: The highest percentage falls within the 21-30 and 51-60 age groups, each comprising 20%. Males are
the majority, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.3:1. The most common symptoms are nasal obstruction (93.33%)
and loss of smell (70%). Most cases (93.33%) are benign, with only 6.67% being malignant, predominantly in
the older age groups (51-60 and 61-70). Among the malignant cases, 75% are male, giving a male-to-female
malignancy ratio of 3:1.
Conclusion: This study reveals that sino-nasal tumors are predominantly benign, with malignancies primarily
found in patients over 50, particularly males. The strong male predominance in malignant cases aligns with
known occupational and lifestyle risk factors. These findings suggest that age and gender are significant factors in malignancy risk for sino-nasal tumors, highlighting the need for focused screening and preventive measures in older male populations who may be at higher risk
Leprosy: A Persistent Culprit Behind Granulomatous Dermatitis In Northern India
Authors: Aggarwal Dr. Chetan , Gupta Dr. Kamna , Jain Dr. Medha , Mohan Dr. Alok , Varshney Dr. Anupam
Published: January 2025

Background: Granulomatous skin lesions represent a distinct type of chronic inflammation characterized by
the formation of granulomas. These lesions often pose diagnostic challenges due to their varied presentations
and histological similarities. Accurate histopathological identification is crucial for appropriate treatment and
prognosis.
Aim and Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate frequency of various granulomatous skin lesions
histopathologically, especially the infectious one and correlate them with clinical findings.
Materials and Methods: A total of 103 skin biopsies from patients with suspected granulomatous skin lesions
were studied prospectively over 12 months at the Department of Pathology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College
and Hospital. Biopsies were processed, sectioned at 4-5 microns, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin
(H&E). Special stains like Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and Fite-Faraco (FF) were utilized as needed. Histopathological
diagnoses were made following microscopic examination.
Results: Among the 103 cases, there was a male predominance with 67 cases (65%). Majority of the patients
were in the age group of 21-30 years (35.9%). Infectious granulomatous lesions were predominant, accounting
for 84.5% of cases, with leprosy being the most common cause (73 cases, 70.9%). A clinicopathologic
concordance rate of 91.3% was observed.
Conclusion: Infectious granulomatous dermatoses, particularly leprosy, remain the leading cause of
granulomatous skin lesions in developing countries. Histopathology plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and classification of these conditions, guiding effective clinical management
Kidney Function Test Of Term Low Birth Weight Versus Term Normal Birth Weight Babies At One Year
Authors: MJ Iqbal , MMZ Islam , A Islam , T Sen
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Kidney size is a crucial metric for both assessing children with functional disorders and
determining appropriate organ growth. It is well recognized that early life factors, such as the mother's age and
nutritional state during pregnancy, have an impact on later-life growth patterns, body composition, and the risk
of chronic non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to compare kidney function test of low birth
weight versus normal birth weight babies at one year.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and
Community Pediatrics at Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, from June 2009 to May 2010. Patients
were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. 100 children were recruited in this study at one year
of age from that hospital. Among them 50 were born at term with NBW and the rest 50 were born at term with
LBW. Data were collected by developing a structured questionnaire and a statistical analysis was carried out by
using the Statistical Package for Social ‘IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version XXII (IBM Corp., Armonk,
N.Y., USA)’.
Result: It was observed that almost two-thirds (62.0%) of subjects belonged to age 12 months in term NBW and
28(56.0%) in term LBW. The mean age was 11.9±0.6 months in the term NBW and 12.2±0.7 months in the term
LBW. More than half (58.0%) of subjects were male in term NBW and 22(44.0%) in term LBW. The majority
(88.0%) of subjects came from urban areas in term NBW and 37(74.0%) in term LBW. The mean SBP was
86.6±8.0 mmHg in term NBW and 92.4±7.9 mmHg in term LBW. The mean DBP was 49.2±4.3 mmHg in term
NBW and 52.2±4.7 mmHg in term LBW. The mean creatinine was 0.5±0.13 mg/dl in term NBW and 0.53±0.12
mg/dl in term LBW. The mean spot urine protein creatinine ratio was 0.3±0.06 in the term NBW and 0.4±0.07 in
the term LBW. The mean GFR was 72.8±19.1 mL/min/1.73m2 in term NBW and 66.4±16.7 mL/min/1.73m2
in term
LBW.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that blood pressure and spot urine protein creatinine ratio were
significantly elevated in term LBW babies. The mean GFR was lesser in the term LBW babies compared to term NBW babies. Term LBW can lead to adverse effects on kidney size in children and act accordingly.
Slime-Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: A Prevalence Study In Hospitalized Patients At A Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Patil Payal P , Patil Harsha V , Patil Satish R
Published: January 2025

Background: The VITEK 2 Compact system is a reliable, automated tool for the detection of MRSA, utilizing
advanced algorithms for precise antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and species identification. In a study of 62
MRSA isolates, the highest antibiotic sensitivities were observed for daptomycin and tigecycline (100%), followed
by linezolid (98.38%) and teicoplanin (95.16%). Resistance was particularly high for erythromycin (69.35%) and
clindamycin (66.12%).
Slime-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains, with capsular polysaccharides bound to their cell walls, enhance
their colonization and resistance. This slime layer, which promotes bacterial adhesion especially to prosthetic
surfaces, reduces antibiotic efficacy, leading to more persistent infections. Detecting oxacillin-resistant strains is
crucial to guide treatment and limit vancomycin overuse, which could otherwise drive resistance development.
Material and Methods: A two-year A laboratory analysis was conducted to evaluate slime production in Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains at a tertiary care hospital.
Results: A total of 62 slime producing Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were analyzed. Slime
production was detected using the Congo Red Agar method, and in varying degrees using the Standard Tube
method (42% weakly positive, 32% moderately positive, 26% strongly positive).
Conclusion: Microbial slimes contribute to persistent infections, posing challenges for healthcare and leading to
high costs. In this study, identifying slime-producing microbes enables targeted treatments, allowing for early intervention and appropriate antibiotic use. By being proactive, we can improve patient outcomes, cut down on healthcare costs, and lessen the severity of chronic illnesses.
Ocular Manifestations Of Hemorrhagic Syndrome Of The Newborn
Authors: . .
Published: January 2025

Babies have very small vitamin K reserves at birth. They are at risk of continuous bleeding if they do not have
enough vitamin K to generate hemostasis. Internal or external hemorrhages can occur, including in the brain, at
any time up to 6 months of age.
Our aim is to remind you of the importance of taking vitamin K in newborns, and the clinical variability of the
manifestations of not taking vitamin K.
We report the case of a newborn at 10 days of age who had presented with exophthalmos since birth, and whose
reason for consultation was a retro-orbital hematoma.
The child was initially referred to the emergency department for exophthalmos since birth with no other associated
signs.
On examination, an axillary exophthalmos was found on the right side, painful on pressing, causing crying,
irreducible with impossible spontaneous palpebral closure and local subconjunctival haemorrhage in the
contralateral eye. Cerebral and orbital MRI revealed a right retroorbital formation, suggesting a subacute
hematoma responsible for grade 3 exophthalmos with two small cerebellar hematomas.
A complete haemostasis work-up was carried out, including coagulation factor assay, which was unremarkable. The child was admitted to the pediatric ophthalmology ward after neurosurgical and hematological advice, and received vit K at a dose of 2 mg/kg/week for 3 weeks with local care.
A Clinical Study Of Fungal Keratitis And Its Management In A Tribal Government Hospital
Authors: M Dr. Sai Nikhita. , Teja Dr.Ram Charan
Published: January 2025

Background: Fungal keratitis is a serious concern for ocular morbidity in developing country like India. It can
lead to a variety of ocular complications, a major proportion of which is preventable with early intervention. As
the treatment requires usage of topical medications for prolonged periods, the cost factors, socioeconomic and
educational status of patients play a major role in the management and recovery.
Materials and Methods: A study of 30 cases of fungal corneal ulcers was conducted in our hospital. A detailed
history was taken and complete ocular and systemic examination was done. Microbiological work up of corneal
scrapings was done. After that treated with topical and systemic antifungals, cycloplegics and anti-glaucoma
medications. Followed for a period of 8 weeks.
Results: All patients were KOH positive for fungal organisms. All of them had history of trauma and injury with
vegetative matter. . 90 % of cases have raised blood sugars Topical Natamycin was used in all patients. After
treatment 26 cases were healed with corneal opacity. 2 cases were referred immediately due to perforated
corneal ulcer. 2 cases were referred after 2 weeks due to resistance to treatment
Conclusion: The accurate diagnosis, early management, timely referral is most important in preventing ocular morbidity due to fungal keratitis
Evaluation Of Respiratory Health Indicators Among Farmers / Farm Workers Exposed To The Organic Dust A Cross Sectional Study From Punjab.
Authors: Singh Dr. Iqbal , Kaur Dr. Sarabjit
Published: January 2025

Exposure to grain dust and diesel exhaust accentuated respiratory disorders with declines in lung function.
Personal exposure to high level to respirable dust increased the risk of lung function deterioration chronic
exposure to alcohol and / or cigaratte smoke significantly impairs normal lung defense against inhaled
Environmental toxins and pollutants. The immunological consequences of organic dust exposures in
Agriculture workers microbial motifs indust can elicit differing immune receptors signaling pathways results in
the robust inflammatory response and repetitive dust exposures modulate immunity. Early recognition of this
damage provides an important clue to insure good health. Spirometery is an invaluable screening test to
identify the patient with airflow obstruction. In this study 150 male farmers / farm workers of 20-50 years of age
who were exposed to organic dust (cases) and 150 farmers/ farm workers who were not exposed to organic dust
(controls) were Selected and pulmonary function tests performed and detailed history of exposure was studied . The value of PEFR, FEV1 and FVC showed statistically highly significant (P<0.001)) Value as compared to controls
The Role Of Point-Of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) In Pediatric Emergency Medicine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Iragamreddy Dr. Venugopal Reddy
Published: January 2025

Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) has revolutionized pediatric emergency medicine by enabling rapid, bedside
imaging to enhance diagnostic accuracy and guide interventions. This systematic review evaluates the current
applications of POCUS in pediatric emergency settings worldwide, focusing on its role in diagnosing respiratory
conditions, trauma, cardiac emergencies, and abdominal pathologies. We explore its advantages, including noninvasiveness and cost-effectiveness, alongside challenges such as operator dependency and training requirements. By synthesizing global evidence, this review underscores POCUS's transformative impact and offers recommendations for its integration into pediatric emergency care protocols.
Digital Therapeutics: Transforming Healthcare Through AI & Emerging Technology
Authors: Jharbade, Dr. Ruchika
Published: January 2025

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Digital Therapeutics (DTx) has emerged as a transformative
trend in healthcare, offering innovative solutions for the management, treatment, and prevention of various
medical conditions. DTx, defined as clinically validated software-based therapeutic interventions, are
increasingly leveraging AI technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, and advanced data
analytics, to enhance their efficacy, personalization, and scalability. This literature review explores the state-ofthe-art developments in AI-driven DTx, focusing on key applications, underlying technologies, and regulatory
considerations. The review highlights how AI enhances DTx through patient-centered approaches, such as
tailored interventions, real-time monitoring, and predictive analytics, while also addressing challenges such as
data privacy, security, and integration with existing healthcare systems. Furthermore, this study outlines
opportunities for future research and innovation, particularly in areas like interoperability, outcome validation,
and ethical AI implementation. By examining existing literature and case studies, this paper underscores the potential of AI-enabled DTx to reshape modern healthcare delivery and promote accessible, evidence-based therapeutic interventions