bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 0.2–3.3 GHz 2.4 dB NF 45 dB gain CMOS current-mode receiver front-end
Authors: Guo Benqing , Gong Jing , Wang Yao , Wu Jingwei
Published: June 2020

A CMOS fully differential current-mode front-end for SAW-less receivers is proposed. The noise-canceling LNTA has a main path of the common-gate (CG) stage and an auxiliary path of the inverter stage. A current mirror is used to combine the signals from the main and auxiliary paths in current mode. The stacked nMOS/pMOS configurations improve their power efficiency. The traditional stacked tri-state inverter as D-latch replaced by the discrete inverter and transmission gate enables a reduced supply voltage of divider core. LO generator based on the improved divider provides quarter LO signals to drive the proposed LNTA-shared receiver front-end. Simulation results in 180 nm CMOS indicate that the integrated receiver front-end provides an NF of 2.4 dB, and a maximum gain of 45 dB from 0.2 to 3.3 GHz. The in-band (IB) and out-of-band (OB) IIP3 of 2.5 dBm and 4 dBm, are obtained, respectively. With CMOS scaling down continuously, CMOS devices are providing increased transit frequency and reduced intrinsic parasitics which are important for radio frequency (RF) and millimeter-wave applications. As a promising solution, CMOS RF delivers comparable performance to silicon bipolar and GaAs devices but at a much lower cost and higher integration level. Supply voltage reduction with CMOS scaling down also poses a stringent linearity requirement. Avoiding the conventional trade-off between the supply voltage and linearity headroom, the proposed receiver front-end based on the current mode principle is with weak linearity dependency on the supply voltage and provides excellent anti-blocker interference capability.
Characteristics of combined heat and mass transfer on mixed convection flow of Sisko fluid model: A numerical study
Authors: hamid Aamir , Hafeez Abdul , Khan Masood
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the combined heat and mass transfer of mixed convection, non-similar Sisko fluid flow in the presence of a magnetic field is studied. The combined effects of thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption are examined for Sisko fluid flow via local non-similar method. For the radiative heat transfer, Rosseland approximation model is used. The governing partial differential equations of the present problem are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by employing the Sparrow–Quack–Boerner local non-similarity method (LNM). The obtained equations are then numerically investigated by utilizing the bvp4c function in MATLAB. The impact of different supervising parameters on the velocity, temperature, skin friction and rate of heat transfer is performed graphically. It is observed that the velocity is more for a higher rate of the buoyancy force parameter while it is less for opposing buoyancy fluid. The thermal boundary layer thickness for the shear thickening fluids is smaller than the shear thinning fluids.
Analytical wave solution for the generalized nonlinear seventh-order KdV dynamical equations arising in shallow water waves
Authors: Aljahdaly Noufe H. , Seadawy Aly R. , Albarakati Wafaa A.
Published: June 2020

Finding solitary wave solutions of Nonlinear evolution equations are of great interest. The direct algebraic method was used here to find the analytic solutions to the generalized seventh-order KdV equation which plays an important role in engineering and mathematical physics.
Magnetization and stress in superconducting film under electromagnetic force with viscous flux flow
Authors: Zhao Yu Feng , Xiong Kun
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the magnetization and magnetoelastic behaviors of superconducting film in perpendicular external magnetic field with viscous flux flow are studied. The distribution of magnetic flux density, current density, physical strength and normal stress in the film is calculated during the increase of external magnetic field. Among others, the variations in shielding region and mechanical response with viscous magnetic flux flow are analyzed. The results indicate that the magnetization and magnetoelastic behavior in the film with viscous flu flow are different from the quasistatic critical state model, such as the origin Bean model. With the obtained results, since the film is in an external field, we can even predict the maximum probability of cracking. Similarly, it is valuable to derive the theory of magnetostriction of thin films to further popularize the method.
Role of Through Silicon Via in 3D Integration: Impact on Delay and Power
Authors: Chandrakar Shivangi , Gupta Deepika , Majumder Manoj Kumar
Published: June 2020

The metal–semiconductor (MES)-based through silicon vias (TSV) has provided attractive solutions over conventional metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) TSVs in recent three-dimensional (3D) integration. This paper aims a comprehensive performance analysis of MIS and MES structures considering different TSV shapes such as cylindrical, tapered, annular, and square. At 32[Formula: see text]nm technology, a CMOS-based coupled driver-via-load (DVL) setup is introduced wherein each via is represented an equivalent RLGC model of MIS- and MES-based TSV shapes. The proposed electrical model accurately considers the impact of micro bump and inter-metal dielectric (IMD) effects at 32[Formula: see text]nm technology as per the fabrication house. A 3D electromagnetic (EM) structural wave simulation is performed to validate the RLGC model parameters of different TSV structures for an operating frequency of up to 20[Formula: see text]GHz. The proposed DVL setup is used to analyze the propagation delay, power dissipation, and dynamic crosstalk for different MIS- and MES-based TSV shapes. A significant improvement in the cross-coupling behavior can be obtained using the MES-based tapered TSV compared to the other MIS structures. Additionally, the power delay product (PDP) of the tapered MES is reduced by 92.4% compared to the conventional MIS-based cylindrical TSV.
Astrophysical implications of neutron star inspiral and coalescence
Authors: Friedman John L. , Stergioulas Nikolaos
Published: June 2020

The first inspiral of two neutron stars observed in gravitational waves was remarkably close, allowing the kind of simultaneous gravitational wave and electromagnetic observation that had not been expected for several years. Their merger, followed by a gamma-ray burst and a kilonova, was observed across the spectral bands of electromagnetic telescopes. These GW and electromagnetic observations have led to dramatic advances in understanding short gamma-ray bursts; determining the origin of the heaviest elements; and determining the maximum mass of neutron stars. From the imprint of tides on the gravitational waveforms and from observations of X-ray binaries, one can extract the radius and deformability of inspiraling neutron stars. Together, the radius, maximum mass, and causality constrain the neutron-star equation of state, and future constraints can come from observations of post-merger oscillations. We selectively review these results, filling in some of the physics with derivations and estimates.
Inner Workings of the Chinese Economy and the US–China Trade War
Authors: Chang Winston W.
Published: June 2020

China has been touted as a unique success story in development economics. The world financial crisis of 2007–2010 impacted China severely. Its GDP growth slowed, corporate debts piled up, equity markets became volatile, the renminbi weakened, and its forex reserves shrank in the face of capital flight. This paper analyzes the policymakers’ approaches in coping with the recent external shocks to the economy noted for having rigid economic structures (such as the trilemma problem and privatization issues). It discusses the tough balancing act facing the policymakers and the various reform options, including capital flow liberalization and structural reform. Finally, the paper discusses the US–China trade war.
The super-Sasaki metric on the antitangent bundle
Authors: Bruce Andrew James
Published: June 2020

We show how to lift a Riemannian metric and almost symplectic form on a manifold to a Riemannian structure on a canonically associated supermanifold known as the antitangent or shifted tangent bundle. We view this construction as a generalization of Sasaki’s construction of a Riemannian metric on the tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold.
Scalar fields in f(G) gravity
Authors: Taṣer Dog̃ukan , Dog̃ru Melis Ulu
Published: June 2020

In this study, we investigated scalar field in [Formula: see text]-gravity by using LRS Bianchi type-I universe. Massless and massive scalar field models are separately constructed in [Formula: see text]-gravity. Massless scalar field models are examined in the cases of constant and exponential potential fields. For all models, solutions of field equations are obtained under the consideration of [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] functions for each model are separately attained in theory. It is shown that constructed models in the presence of massless scalar field permit quintessence scalar field. Also, it is observed that each model indicates expanding universe with deceleration. Also, kinematical quantities are analyzed in the light of obtained solutions. All models are concluded with a geometric and physical perspective.
Interaction of Bianchi type-I anisotropic cloud string cosmological model universe with electromagnetic field
Authors: Singh Kangujam Priyokumar , Mollah Mahbubur Rahman , Baruah Rajshekhar Roy , Daimary Meher
Published: June 2020

Here, we have investigated the interaction of Bianchi type-I anisotropic cloud string cosmological model universe with electromagnetic field in the context of general relativity. In this paper, the energy-momentum tensor is assumed to be the sum of the rest energy density and string tension density with an electromagnetic field. To obtain exact solution of Einstein’s field equations, we take the average scale factor as an integrating function of time. Also, the dynamics and significance of various physical parameters of model are discussed.
Perylene Tetracarboxylic Tetraester Sensitized Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite for Enhanced Photodegradation
Authors: Zhang Fengxia , Liu Haining , Jiang Tianyi , Zhu Yanyan , Ye Xiushen , Shao Yuanyuan , Wu Junsen , Ma Yongshan
Published: June 2020

The construction of organic–inorganic hybrids is one of the important ways to improve performances of photocatalysts. In this study, perylene tetracarboxylic tetra (n-butyl) ester loaded titanium dioxide (PTTE-B/TiO2) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, DRS, XPS, Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and BET. FT-IR and XPS analyses revealed the presence of Ti[Formula: see text]O bond in the interfaces between TiO2 and PTTE-B. The photoluminescence intensity of PTTE-B/TiO2 was decreased compared to TiO2, which indicated a suppression of electron–hole recombination by the loaded PTTE-B nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of PTTE-B/TiO2 nanocomposite for degradation of EBT using visible light was higher than that of prepared TiO2 or TiO2-P25. The detection of radical scavengers confirmed that h[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were the main active substances for Eriochrome Black T (EBT, an azo dye) degradation. The Ti[Formula: see text]O bond acted as a short and fast channel for photogenerated charge carriers to migrate from PTTE-B to TiO2. Furthermore, PTTE-B/TiO2 was found to be stable and reusable.
General reduced second Zagreb index of graph operations
Authors: Khoeilar R. , Jahanbani A.
Published: June 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph with vertex set [Formula: see text] and edge set [Formula: see text]. The general reduced second Zagreb index of [Formula: see text] is defined as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is any real number and [Formula: see text] is the degree of the vertex [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, the general reduced second Zagreb index of the Cartesian product, corona product, join of graphs and two new operations of graphs are computed.
Improved solid electrolyte interphase and Li-storage performance of Si/graphite anode with ethylene sulfate as electrolyte additive
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Yang Siming , Heng Shuai , Gao Ximei , Wang Yan , Zhang Wenxiang , Qu Qunting , Zheng Honghe
Published: June 2020

Silicon/graphite composite anodes have drawn extensive attention in the field of power Li-ion batteries for application in electric vehicles because of their much higher capacity than that of traditional graphite anodes. In this work, ethylene sulfate (1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, DTD) is investigated as an electrolyte additive to improve the Li-storage performance of silicon/graphite composite anode. The electrochemical behavior of silicon/graphite anode including cyclic voltammogram, discharge/charge performance at various current density and during long-term cycling, and electrochemical impedance is systematically studied by adding different amounts of DTD into electrolyte. The effects of DTD on the solid/electrolyte interphase (SEI) film are analyzed through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is found that DTD participates into the film-formation process through its reductive decomposition reactions on electrode surface, producing a thin, uniform and stable SEI. The Li-storage performance of silicon/graphite anode is improved at an optimized addition amount of DTD.
Ocean Optimism: Moving Beyond the Obituaries in Marine Conservation
Authors: Knowlton Nancy
Published: June 2020

While the ocean has suffered many losses, there is increasing evidence that important progress is being made in marine conservation. Examples include striking recoveries of once-threatened species, increasing rates of protection of marine habitats, more sustainably managed fisheries and aquaculture, reductions in some forms of pollution, accelerating restoration of degraded habitats, and use of the ocean and its habitats to sequester carbon and provide clean energy. Many of these achievements have multiple benefits, including improved human well-being. Moreover, better understanding of how to implement conservation strategies effectively, new technologies and databases, increased integration of the natural and social sciences, and use of indigenous knowledge promise continued progress. Enormous challenges remain, and there is no single solution; successful efforts typically are neither quick nor cheap and require trust and collaboration. Nevertheless, a greater focus on solutions and successes will help them to become the norm rather than the exception.
The Recombinant Protein EphB4-Fc Changes the Ti Particle-Mediated Imbalance of OPG/RANKL via EphrinB2/EphB4 Signaling Pathway and Inhibits the Release of Proinflammatory Factors In Vivo
Authors: Ge Yu-Wei , Feng Kai , Liu Xiao-Liang , Chen Hong-Fang , Sun Zhen-Yu , Wang Cai-Feng , Liu Zhi-Qing , Wang Hao-Wei , Zhang Jing-Wei , Yu De-Gang , Mao Yuan-Qing
Published: June 2020

Aseptic loosening caused by wear particles is one of the common complications after total hip arthroplasty. We investigated the effect of the recombinant protein ephB4-Fc (erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular receptor 4) on wear particle-mediated inflammatory response. In vitro, ephrinB2 expression was analyzed using siRNA-NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1) and siRNA-c-Fos. Additionally, we used Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, bone pit resorption, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as ephrinB2 overexpression and knockdown experiments to verify the effect of ephB4-Fc on osteoclast differentiation and function. In vivo, a mouse skull model was constructed to test whether the ephB4-Fc inhibits osteolysis and inhibits inflammation by micro-CT, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. The gene expression of ephrinB2 was regulated by c-Fos/NFATc1. Titanium wear particles activated this signaling pathway to the promoted expression of the ephrinB2 gene. However, ephrinB2 protein can be activated by osteoblast membrane receptor ephB4 to inhibit osteoclast differentiation. In in vivo experiments, we found that ephB4 could regulate Ti particle-mediated imbalance of OPG/RANKL, and the most important finding was that ephB4 relieved the release of proinflammatory factors. The ephB4-Fc inhibits wear particle-mediated osteolysis and inflammatory response through the ephrinB2/EphB4 bidirectional signaling pathway, and ephrinB2 ligand is expected to become a new clinical drug therapeutic target.
Assessing the Impact of Morphological Knowledge on Lexical Acquisition and Processing
Authors: Rajab Baraa A.
Published: June 2020

The mastery of morphological structure and vocabulary acquisition are significantly associated. However, the association between the abilities of L2 learners to manipulate morphological elements and develop vocabulary size with native Arabic speakers needs to be assessed. This study assesses the impact of morphological knowledge on lexical acquisition and processing among English-speaking learners of Arabic. The study focused on gender (masculine/feminine) and the complete number system (singular/dual/plural) by native English speakers. The error rates and error patterns were analysed carefully to provide insight into the learner’s interlanguage grammar through the experiment. The experimental study design was used. The study sample included 40 of L2 Arabic speakers from Arabic language courses at major universities in Northern Virginia and Maryland. These were native English speakers with no exposure to Arabic before their enrolment in the university. The sample was divided into three groups (Group I, individual in the second year of Arabic program, Group II, individual in 3rd or 4th year of the program, and Group III control group, five native speakers of Arabic). Different tasks were presented to the groups, where PsychoPy software was used for task presentation. Audacity Version 2.0 was audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded by the experimenter. The production and comprehension test revealed that morphological problems are prevalent at the advanced proficiency level. It showed the role of animacy for the morphological variability and higher agreement accuracy for human targets. It concluded that morphological variability in L2 Arabic remains a persistent problem even at advanced levels of proficiency, extending to comprehension.
Small‐Scale Void‐Size Determination in Reinforced Concrete Using GPR
Authors: Yang Yong , Lu Junwei , Li Rongzhe , Zhao Weigang , Yan Deli
Published: June 2020

The detection and evaluation of void in concrete are imperative issues in health monitoring of civil engineering. However, the void is difficult to be detected at its early stage of formation on account of its small scale and concealment. Although, in view of the remarkable performance such as precision and continuity, ground penetrating radar (GPR) is widely employed in some special fields of nondestructive testing, the strong reflection of rebar which could submerge the echo of void is now a stumbling block for the application of GPR in reinforced concrete. In order to develop the tactic of small‐scale void‐size determination with considerable noise originated from rebar, a two‐stage regression method is proposed in this study. First, a superposition model of target echoes was established to analyze the relationship between the space‐time distribution and spectrum of the rebar echo and the void echo, and a curvelet transform was employed to reduce the strong reflection of the rebar. Then, the echo amplitude of small‐scale void was investigated, and a regression method was put forward to determine the void size of small scale. Finally, forward simulation and experiment were carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. Results demonstrated that the spectral distribution of the rebar echo is significantly higher than that of the void echo. The curvelet‐based low‐pass filter can effectively ensure the discrimination of void echo. The regression method performs a high‐accuracy void‐size determination with more than 90% in small scale.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Carbenicillin by Copper (III) Periodate Complex in Aqueous Alkaline Medium
Authors: Sahu Yuv Raj , Mishra Parashuram
Published: June 2020

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of carbenicillin by diperiodatocuprate [DPC-III] in aqueous alkaline medium were studied spectrophotometrically at 298 K and an ionic strength of 0.10 mol·dm−3. The reaction between DPC (III) and carbenicillin in the alkaline medium showed (CRBC : DPC-III) 1 : 4 stoichiometry. The reaction products were identified by the CHNS test, FT-IR, and LC-MS spectral reports. The reaction was of pseudo-first order with respect to DPC (III) and fractional order with respect to carbenicillin as well as alkali but retarding effect with respect to periodate. Monoperiodatocuprate (MPC-III) was found to be the main active species in the alkaline medium in the form of [Cu (H2IO6) (H2O)2]. Activation and thermodynamic parameters with respect to uncatalyzed rate constants (ku) and slow step rate constant (k) as well as equilibrium constants were determined. The plausible mechanism consistent with experimental results was proposed and discussed in detail.
Research on Partial Least Squares Method Based on Deep Confidence Network in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Xiong Wang-ping , Li Tian-ci , Zeng Qing-xia , Du Jian-qiang , Nie Bin , Chen Chih-Cheng , Zhou Xian
Published: June 2020

Partial least squares method has many advantages in multivariate linear regression modeling, but its internal cross-checking method will lead to a sharp reduction of the principal component, thereby reducing the accuracy of the regression equation, and the selection of principal components about the traditional Chinese medicine data is particularly sensitive. This paper proposes a kind of partial least squares method based on deep belief nets. This method mainly uses the deep learning model to extract the upper-level features of the original data, putting the extracted features into the partial least squares model for multiple linear regression and evading the problem that selects the number of principal components, continuously adjusting the model parameters until satisfied well-pleased accuracy condition. Using Dachengqitang experimental data and data sets in the UCI Machine Learning Repository, the experimental results show that the partial least squares analysis method based on deep belief nets has good adaptability to TCM data.
CD137 Signaling Promotes Endothelial Apoptosis by Inhibiting Nrf2 Pathway, and Upregulating NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Geng Tianxin , Yan Yang , Zhang Yue , Xu Liangjie , Zang Guangyao , Yan Jin Chuan
Published: June 2020

Background. Endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis resulting from oxidative stress can lead to the development of atherosclerosis. Our group has previously showed that CD137 signaling contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis and the vulnerability of plaques. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of CD137 signaling in atherosclerosis on endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods. Serum samples were collected from 11 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 4 controls. Peritoneal injection of agonist-CD137 recombinant protein in ApoE−/− mice was used to determine whether CD137 signaling can promote apoptosis in vivo, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with agonist-CD137 recombinant protein, M5580 (a Nrf2 pathway agonist) and CAPE (a NF-κB pathway inhibitor) were used to explore the effect of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathway in CD137 signaling-induced ECs apoptosis in vitro. Results. ELISA showed that Bcl-2 in the serum of AMI patients was lower than that of the control group, while TNF-α and sCD137 were higher than that of the control group. Confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis showed that the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the agonist-CD137 group was significantly inhibited, and the expression of its downstream antioxidant enzymes was also decreased when compared with control. Immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in the agonist-CD137 group was enhanced, and ELISA results showed that the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in the agonist-CD137 group was increased. Immunofluorescence results revealed that ROS production in the agonist-CD137 group was higher than that in control, M5580 (a Nrf2 pathway agonist) and CAPE (a NF-κB pathway inhibitor) groups. In vitro studies using HUVECs and in vivo studies using high-fat-fed ApoE−/− mice showed that the number of apoptotic endothelial cells was the highest in the agonist-CD137 group. By contrast, both M5580 and CAPE treatments were able to reduce CD137 induced ECs apoptosis. Conclusions. Our results showed that CD137 signaling promotes ECs apoptosis through prooxidative and proinflammatory mechanisms, mediated by Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways, respectively.
Prediction of Aerosol Particle Size Distribution Based on Neural Network
Authors: Ren Yali , Mao Jiandong , Zhao Hu , Zhou Chunyan , Gong Xin , Rao Zhimin , Wang Qiang , Zhang Yi
Published: June 2020

Aerosol plays a very important role in affecting the earth-atmosphere radiation budget, and particle size distribution is an important aerosol property parameter. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the particle size distribution. However, the particle size distribution determined by the particle extinction efficiency factor according to the Mie scattering theory is an ill-conditioned integral equation, namely, the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind, which is very difficult to solve. To avoid solving such an integral equation, the BP neural network prediction model was established. In the model, the aerosol optical depth obtained by sun photometer CE-318 and kernel functions obtained by Mie scattering theory were used as the inputs of the neural network, particle size distributions collected by the aerodynamic particle sizer APS 3321 were used as the output, and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm with the fastest descending speed was adopted to train the model. For verifying the feasibility of the prediction model, some experiments were carried out. The results show that BP neural network has a better prediction effect than that of the RBF neural network and is an effective method to obtain the aerosol particle size distribution of the whole atmosphere column using the data of CE-318 and APS 3321.
Contact Screening and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Initiation for Under-Five Children among Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Positive Patients in Bahir Dar Special Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fentahun Netsanet , Wasihun Yosef , Mamo Abebe , Gebretsadik Lakew Abebe
Published: June 2020

Background. Children are highly susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and about 70% of children living in the same households with pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients will become infected. However, pulmonary positive tuberculosis is a common phenomenon and the implementation of the recommended contact screening and initiation of isoniazid preventive therapy is very low. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing contact screening practice and initiation of isoniazid preventive therapy of under-five children among pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to 30, 2016. A total of 267 pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients were included in this study. To identify independent predictors of contact screening and isoniazid preventive therapy initiation, we performed multivariable logistic regression analyses using SPSS version 20 with CI of 95% at p value < 0.05. Results. A total of 230 (90.2%) pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients had single contacts with their under-five children. One hundred nine (64.8%) children were screened. From those screened, 11 (7.4%) developed tuberculosis disease and started antituberculosis treatment. Forty-four (31.9%) children started isoniazid preventive therapy. Sex of the participants, place of service delivery, relationship with contacts, HIV status, and attitude of PTB+ cases were significant predictors of contact screening (p<.05). Participant’s knowledge, attitude of participants, and relationship of the child with participant were significant predictors of isoniazid preventive therapy initiation (p<0.05). Conclusion. Contact screening practice and isoniazid preventive therapy initiation of children under the age of 5 in Bahir Dar zone were very low. Intimate family contact with pulmonary tuberculosis-positive patients, place of service delivery, and attitude towards screening are the key factors of contact screening. Participant’s knowledge, attitude of participants, and relationship of the child with participant are the key factors of isoniazid preventive therapy initiation. Therefore, household contact screening and isoniazid preventive therapy initiation should be paid attention to reduce transmission.
Effect of Different Expression of Immune‐Related lncRNA on Colon Adenocarcinoma and Its Relation to Prognosis
Authors: Mu Meiwei , Tang Yi , Yang Zheng , Qiu Yuling , Li Xiaohong , Mo Wuning , Su Qisheng
Published: June 2020

Objective. To explore the expression of immune‐related lncRNAs in colon adenocarcinoma and find out the effect on how these lncRNAs influence the development and prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma. Method. Transcriptome data of colon adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were downloaded, and gene sets “IMMUNE RESPONSE” and “IMMUNE SYSTEM PROCESS” were sought from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). The expression of immune‐related genes was extracted that were immune‐related mRNAs. Then, the immune‐related lncRNAs were sought out by utilizing of the above data. Clinical traits were combined with immune‐related lncRNAs, so that prognostic‐related lncRNAs were identified by Cox regression. Multivariate Cox regression was built to calculate risk scores. Relationships between clinical traits and immune‐related lncRNAs were also calculated. Result. A total of 480 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients and 41 normal control patients’ transcriptome sequencing data of tissue samples were obtained from TCGA database. 918 immune‐related lncRNAs were screened. Cox regression showed that 34 immune‐related lncRNAs were associated with colon adenocarcinoma prognosis. Seven lncRNAs were independent risk factors. Conclusion. This study revealed that some lncRNAs can affect the development and prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma. It may provide new theory evidence of molecular mechanism for the future research and molecular targeted therapy of colon adenocarcinoma.
Micropropagation of Livingstone Potato (Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br)
Authors: Kujeke G. T. , Chitendera T. C. , Masekesa R. T. , Mazarura U. , Ngadze E. , Rugare J. T. , Matikiti A.
Published: June 2020

Livingstone potato (Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br) is an underutilised indigenous root vegetable grown by communal farmers in the eastern provinces of Zimbabwe. It is vegetatively propagated using unimproved retained tubers from the previous season. The risk of disease carryover is therefore high, leading to poor yields. The objective of the study was to exploit the tissue culture technique of micropropagation to produce a mass supply of healthy planting material for improved productivity. Two experiments were conducted: firstly, to determine the best explant type and secondly, to determine the best landrace and plant growth regulators for the growth of plantlets. The landraces, namely, Ndurwe, Musande, Chibanda, and Chizambezi, were sourced from communal farmers in the stated production areas. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) were the auxin and cytokinin used, respectively. The first experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors: landrace and explant type (shoot tips, nodes, and leaves). After culturing the explants on a plain Murashige Skoog (MS) medium for ten weeks, the best explant was the node with regards to the number of nodes, shoots, and roots of the plantlets which were significant (P<0.05). The second experiment was laid out as a RCBD with two factors: landraces and the plant growth regulator combinations. The nodes were subcultured on an MS medium supplemented with the 16 combinations of plant growth regulators (0 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l, 1 mg/l, and 2 mg/l BAP concentrations: 0 mg/l, 0.2 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l, and 1 mg/l NAA concentrations), respectively. Chizambezi performed best and is, therefore, highly recommended for the rapid multiplication of Livingstone potato. Results from this study have clearly demonstrated that the addition of NAA: BAP at varying concentrations was significant and is essential for optimizing the growth media for micropropagation of Livingstone potato in Zimbabwe. Commercial production of plantlets can, therefore, be carried out to provide healthy planting material for the communal farmers for improved productivity while preserving the germplasm of the underutilised crop at the same time.
Severe Intraoperative Bradycardia during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy due to Rapid Peritoneal Insufflation
Authors: Heyba Mohammed , Khalil Ahmed , Elkenany Yasser
Published: June 2020

Laparoscopy is becoming increasingly popular in gynecological and general surgical operations. There are complications that are inherent to the laparoscopy techniques; amongst them is intraoperative vagal-mediated bradycardia that results from peritoneal stretching. This can occur due to high flow rate of gas during peritoneal insufflation, a practice still happening nowadays. We report a case of a middle-aged hypertensive patient who was undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patient was assessed more than once preoperatively by the anesthesia team for blood pressure optimization. The patient underwent general anesthesia and developed severe bradycardia immediately after peritoneal insufflation. The management started immediately by stopping the insufflation and deflating the abdomen. Afterwards, atropine was administered intravenously, and CPR was started preemptively according to the ACLS protocol to prevent the patient from progressing into cardiac arrest. She responded to the management and became vitally stable within one minute. After confirming that there was no cardiac or metabolic insult through rapid blood investigations and agreeing that the cause of bradycardia was the rapid insufflation, the surgical team proceeded with the surgery in the same setting using low flow rate of CO2 to achieve pneumoperitoneum. There were no complications in the second time and the operation was completed smoothly. The patient was extubated and shifted to the postanesthesia care unit to monitor her condition. The patient was stable and conscious and later shifted to the wards and discharged on routine follow-up after confirming that there were no complications in the postoperative follow-up. Therefore, it is important to monitor the flow rate of CO2 during peritoneal insufflation in laparoscopic surgery as rapid peritoneal stretch can cause severe bradycardia that might progress into cardiac arrest, especially in hypertensive patients. It is also important for the anesthetist to be vigilant and ready to manage such cases.
Bean Consumption Accounts for Differences in Body Fat and Waist Circumference: A Cross-Sectional Study of 246 Women
Authors: Tucker Larry A.
Published: June 2020

Beans and other legumes have multiple nutritional qualities that reduce the risk of many diseases. However, the link between legume intake and obesity remains unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the association between bean intake, body fat percentage (BF%), and waist circumference, in 246 women. BF% was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bean intake was assessed using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire and indexed using total cups of bean-based food items and also factor scores derived from a factor analysis showing adherence to a bean-based dietary pattern. Bean consumption was expressed as cups per 1000 kilocalories. R\egression results showed that the relationship between bean intake (total cups) and BF% was inverse and linear (F = 7.4, P=0.0069). Moreover, with bean consumption being divided into tertiles, there were mean differences across groups in BF% (F = 7.4, P=0.0008) and waist circumference (F = 4.2, P=0.0164). Specifically, women who consumed moderate or high amounts of beans had less body fat and smaller waists than those with low intakes. Similarly, using tertiles to categorize participants based on adherence to a bean-based dietary pattern, developed using factor analysis, those with low adherence had higher BF% (F = 7.9, P=0.0005) and larger waists (F = 4.5, P=0.0118) than their counterparts. The associations remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. In conclusion, beans and other legumes seem to have dietary qualities that may be beneficial in the battle against obesity.
Overproduction of Glucose Oxidase by Aspergillus tubingensis CTM 507 Randomly Obtained Mutants and Study of Its Insecticidal Activity against Ephestia kuehniella
Authors: Kriaa Mouna , Boukedi Hanen , Ben Rhouma Marwa , Ben Nasr Yosri , Tounsi Slim , Mellouli Lotfi , Kammoun Radhouane
Published: June 2020

In order to enhance the production of glucose oxidase (GOD), random mutagenesis of Aspergillus tubingensis CTM 507 was performed using the chemical and physical mutagens: nitric acid and UV irradiation, respectively. The majority of the isolated mutants showed good GOD production, but only some mutants presented a significant overproduction, as compared with the parent strain. The selected mutants (19 strains), showing an overproduction larger than 200%, are quite stable after three successive subcultures. Among these, six strains revealed an important improvement in submerged fermentation. The insecticidal activity of GOD produced by the wild and the selected mutant strains was evaluated against the third larval instars of E. kuehniella. Mutant strains U11, U12, U20, and U21, presenting the most important effect, displayed an LC50 value of 89.00, 88.51, 80.00, and 86.00 U/cm2, respectively, which was 1.5‐fold more important than the wild strain (61 U/cm2). According to histopathology observations, the GOD enzyme showed approximately similar damage on the E. kuehniella midgut including rupture and disintegration of the epithelial layer and cellular vacuolization. The data supports, for the first time, the use of GOD as a pest control agent against E. kuehniella.
Getting off the Wheel: A Conceptual History of the New Age Concept of Enlightenment
Authors: Jacobs Bas J.H.
Published: June 2020

Although many new agers believe that enlightenment is the end goal of spiritual development, the importance of this concept has largely been overlooked by scholars until now. This article contextualizes the concept of enlightenment historically. After a detailed description of what the new age concept of enlightenment entails, it traces the origin of the concept to the late 19th-century “Oriental reaction” to Theosophy, when “missionaries from the East” like Vivekananda and Suzuki drew on transcendentalism, Theosophy, and recent innovations in psychology to articulate a paradigmatic expression of Asian soteriology. It highlights the importance of models of enlightenment in the transmission of Asian ideas and follows the trajectory that starts with Vivekananda and Suzuki to figures and currents like Aldous Huxley, 1960s counterculture, Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, and neo-advaita. Thereby, it provides an account of the formation of the new age concept of enlightenment.
The Primary History as Museum Exhibit: Rethinking the Recovery of the Hebrew Bible’s Artifacts
Authors: Tobolowsky Andrew
Published: June 2020

The “Primary History” is the scholarly term for the biblical narrative spanning Genesis through Kings, created largely through the combination of pre-existing texts and traditions. This narrative has played a central role in scholarly reconstructions of the history of Israelite and Judahite traditions more generally because it is often possible to recover these pre-biblical traditions apparently intact. However, the recovery of pre-biblical traditions is a more complicated problem than typical approaches—which focus on the reconstruction of original texts—allow. Scholars also need to consider how the combination and arrangement of traditions has altered our perception of them, even when we can recover their original form. This article employs contemporary theoretical approaches to museum exhibits in order to explore how the combination and presentation of artifacts reshapes what they seem to mean, without physically altering them, and applies those lessons to the study of reconstructed pre-biblical texts.
The Dutch Translation and Circulation of Spinoza’s Tractatus Theologico-Politicus in Manuscript and Print (1670-1694)
Authors: van der Deijl Lucas
Published: June 2020

Benedictus de Spinoza became one of the few censored authors in the liberal publishing climate of the Dutch Republic. Twenty-three years passed before the first Dutch translation of his Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (1670) appeared in print, despite two interrupted attempts to bring out a vernacular version before 1693. This article compares the three oldest Dutch translations of Spinoza’s notorious treatise by combining digital sentence alignment with philological analysis. It describes the relationship between the variants, two printed versions and a manuscript, revealing a pattern of fragmentary similarity. This partial textual reuse can be explained using Harold Love’s notion of ‘scribal publication’: readers circulated handwritten copies as a strategy to avoid the censorship of Spinozism. As a result, medium and language not only conditioned the dissemination of Spinoza’s treatise in Dutch, but also affected its text in the versions published—either in manuscript or print—between 1670 and 1694.
Researching Provenance with Two New Tools Developed by the Consortium of European Research Libraries (CERL)
Authors: van Delft Marieke
Published: June 2020

Following the rise of the study of the history of the book in the 1980s and 1990s, provenance studies have become an important component in the research of social and cultural historians. This development was noticed and embraced by the Consortium of European Research Libraries (CERL). The Consortium incorporated results of provenance research in existing resources and created new resources specifically with the question of provenance in mind. In this contribution I will focus on two CERL resources: the Material Evidence in Incunabula Database and the recently developed CERL Provenance Digital Archive and the relation between the two. Examples will show how these two digital resources stimulate international cooperation in the field of provenance research.
Gods in the Garden: Visions of the Pagan Other in the Rome of Julius ii
Authors: Piana Marco
Published: June 2020

This essay
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explores the reception of Pope Julius ii’s statuary deities in his Cortile del Belvedere through the poetic works of two humanists, papal courtier Evangelista Maddaleni de’ Capodiferro and Savonarolan philosopher Gianfrancesco Pico della Mirandola. The construction of the Cortile animated a lively querelle on the state and mission of the Catholic Church, as it allowed the pagan idols of antiquity to re-enter the holy grounds of the Vatican. Through the analysis of two divergent poetic receptions of the Belvedere gods, this article will explore the Cortile del Belvedere and Julius ii’s Rome, as a space of spiritual dialogue and religious hybridism.
Click Trains do not Alter Auditory Temporal Order Judgements
Authors: Poole Daniel , Lees Kyle J. , Jones Luke A.
Published: June 2020

Brief periods of repetitive stimulation (click trains) presented either contiguous or simultaneous to an interval have been previously shown to impact on its perceived duration. In the current investigation we asked whether the perception of temporal order can be altered in a similar way. Participants completed a dichotic spectral temporal order judgement task with the stimuli titrated to their individual thresholds. Immediately prior to the judgement, participants were presented with five seconds of click trains, white noise or silence. We extended previous work on this topic by using each participant’s accuracy and response time data to estimate diffusion model parameters so that the cognitive mechanisms underlying any effect of click trains on the response could be disentangled. There was no effect of stimulation condition on participant’s accuracy, or diffusion model parameters (drift rate, boundary separation or non-decision time). The present findings therefore suggest that click trains do not influence temporal order perception. Additionally, the previous suggestion that click trains induce an increase in the rate of information processing was not supported for this temporal order task. Further work probing the limits and conditions of the click train effect will help to constrain and extend theoretical accounts of subjective timing.
Effects of Collaborative Care for Comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children With Behavior Problems in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Kolko David J. , Hart Jonathan A. , Campo John , Sakolsky Dara , Rounds Jeffrey , Wolraich Mark L. , Wisniewski Stephen R.
Published: June 2020

This study evaluates the impact of a 6-month care management intervention for 206 children diagnosed with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from a sample of 321 five- to 12-year-old children recruited for treatment of behavior problems in 8 pediatric primary care offices. Practices were cluster-randomized to Doctor Office Collaboration Care (DOCC) or Enhanced Usual Care (EUC). Chart reviews documented higher rates of service delivery, prescription of medication for ADHD, and titration in DOCC (vs EUC). Based on complex conditional models, DOCC showed greater acute improvement in individualized ADHD treatment goals and follow-up improvements in quality of life and ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder goals. Medication use had a significant effect on acute and follow-up ADHD symptom reduction and quality of life. Medication continuity was associated with some long-term gains. A collaborative care intervention for behavior problems that incorporated treatment guidelines for ADHD in primary care was more effective than psychoeducation and facilitated referral to community treatment.
Book review: Supriya Singh, Commercialisation of Hinterland and Dynamics of Class, Caste and Gender in Rural India
Authors: Sharma Vandana
Published: June 2020

Supriya Singh, Commercialisation of Hinterland and Dynamics of Class, Caste and Gender in Rural India (1st ed.). UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017, i-xvi + 148 pp., £58.99 / $99.95 (hardback). ISBN (10): 1-4438-8647-5; ISBN (13) 978-1-4438-8647-5.
Anthropological Epochés: Phenomenology and the Ontological Turn
Authors: Pedersen Morten Axel
Published: June 2020

This article has two objectives. In the first part, I present a critical overview of the extensive anthropological literature that may be deemed “phenomenological.” Following this critique, which is built up around a classification into four different varieties of phenomenological anthropology, I discuss the relationship between phenomenological anthropology and the ontological turn (OT). Contrary to received wisdom within the anthropological discipline, I suggest that OT has several things in common with the phenomenological project. For the same reason, I argue, it is not accurate to posit OT and phenomenology as opposing or antagonistic projects, as they are often depicted among critics and advocates of OT alike. On the contrary, I go as far as suggesting, OT may be understood as one of the most concerted attempts anthropology has produced to realize a distinctly anthropological version of Husserl’s method of phenomenological bracketing, namely what could be called the ontological epoché.