bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Primary Nucleation Kinetics of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Ethanol
Authors: Medina-Galván Xóchitl Montserrat , Quintana-Hernández Pedro Alberto , Fuentes-Cortés Luis Fabián , Martínez-González Gloria María
Published: May 2022

The metastable zone width (MSZW) for the acetylsalicylic acid‐ethanol system was determined by the polythermal method. Nucleation parameters were calculated applying the self‐consistent Nyvlt‐like approach and the classical three‐dimensional theory approach. The results showed the usual increments in MSZW with increases in the cooling rate, mixed effects when raising the agitation rates, and an unusual behavior that reduced MSZW when the saturation temperature decreased. The apparent nucleation order proved to be independent of all three analyzed variables. The interfacial energy increased with higher saturation temperature and activation energies incremented when agitation rates raised. In general, the two approaches explained closely the experimental results.
Toward Preeminent Throwing Power from a Novel Alkaline Copper Electronic Electroplating Bath with Composite Coordination Agents
Authors: Li Wei‐Qing , Jin Lei , Yang Jia‐Qiang , Wang Zhao‐Yun , Zhan Dongping , Yang Fang‐Zu , Tian Zhong‐Qun
Published: May 2022

In this work, an electronic copper electroplating bath with low copper ion concentration and preeminent throwing power in through hole (TH) thickening of the printed circuit board (PCB) was successfully developed. Based upon the weak alkaline bath containing the composite complexants of citrate (Cit) and ethylenediamine (En), their synergistic effects on the preeminent bath throwing power were carefully investigated and theoretically proved. The UV‐vis spectroscopy results illustrated that En exhibited a stronger coordination ability with Cu (II) ion than citrate, and the stoichiometric coordination ratio between En and Cu (II) ion was 2 : 1. The linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) results showed that the electro‐reduction peak potential of Cit−Cu coordination ion was −0.55 V (vs. Hg/HgO), whereas that of En−Cu ion was at a more negative potential of −0.82 V. The in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that the adsorptions of the Cit−Cu and En−Cu coordination ions were potential dependent on the copper electrode. The Cit−Cu coordination ion was easily adsorbed at the interior sites of through holes with lower over‐potential to promote the growth of copper coating. Moreover, the En−Cu coordination ion adsorbed preferably on the surface and the edge of through hole for its higher electro‐reduction overpotential, to hinder the germinating of copper nuclear. The cross‐section observation of optical microscope proved that the throwing power of novel copper electroplating bath behaved surpassingly, up to 105.8 %.
How the Chalcogen Atom Size Dictates the Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Capability of Carboxamides, Thioamides, and Selenoamides
Authors: Nieuwland Celine , Fonseca Guerra Célia
Published: May 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are Celine Nieuwland and Célia Fonseca Guerra of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. The image depicts how the increasing atom size of the chalcogen from O to S to Se elongates the carbon–chalcogen bond in amides due to the increase in the steric Pauli repulsion and thereby enhances the amide hydrogen‐bond donor strength. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202200755.
Bubble Size Detection by Process Ancillaries
Authors: Hafner Lukas , Bäßler Robin , Schwarzer Steffen , Kley Markus , Dohnal Fadi
Published: May 2022

The production of liquid‐gas dispersions places high demands on the process technology, which requires knowledge of the bubble formation mechanisms, as well as the phase parameters of the media combinations used. To obtain the bubble sizes introduced to a flow not knowing the phase parameters, different process parameters are investigated. Their quality and applicability are evaluated. The results obtained make it possible to simplify long design processes of dispersion processes in manufacturing plants and to ensure the product quality of the products manufactured, by reducing waste.
Surface Modification of Porous Silica Particles with Carbohydrate Scaffolds as Receptor Components for Molecular Recognition
Authors: Uchida Tsukasa , Nakamura Ayano , Shimazaki Hannah , Kanie Yoshimi , Kanie Osamu
Published: May 2022

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Osamu Kanie and co‐workers at Tokai University. The cover picture shows the interaction of an incoming molecule and a receptor surface as the first process of a molecular sensing mechanism. For this, porous silica particles were decorated with protected carbohydrates to create artificial pocket‐like structures on its surface. More information can be found in the Research Article by O. Kanie and co‐workers.
Is corporate social responsibility constrained by bank credit resource allocation?
Authors: Chen Qiao , Zeng Huixiang
Published: May 2022

Credit rationing theory suggests that the impact of bank credit allocation on corporate social responsibility (CSR) has the dual effect of adverse selection and moral hazard. In this study, the impact of credit allocation on CSR and its mechanisms are explored in the context of credit rationing theory based on Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2019. The results show that the impact of bank credit allocation on CSR exhibits an inverted U‐shaped correlation, and there is a critical point (17.9134) at which the increase in credit allocation will promote the level of CSR until the critical point is exceeded, after which the level of CSR will gradually decrease. Credit allocation can influence CSR through information asymmetry (stock price informativeness, analyst tracking) and managerial overconfidence, respectively. Companies with overconfident managers and low transparency in non‐socially responsible weighting systems are more likely to have an inverted U‐shaped relationship between bank credit allocation and CSR. This study provides new empirical evidence to understand the impact of credit allocation on CSR and expands the theory of credit rationing to a certain extent, thereby providing a reference for CSR maximization.
Cracking the cryptic code in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia: Towards therapeutic targets and biomarkers
Authors: Akiyama Tetsuya , Koike Yuka , Petrucelli Leonard , Gitler Aaron D.
Published: May 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two devastating human neurodegenerative diseases. A hallmark pathological feature of both diseases is the depletion of the RNA‐binding protein TDP‐43 from the nucleus in the brain and spinal cord of patients. A major function of TDP‐43 is to repress the inclusion of cryptic exons during RNA splicing. When it becomes depleted from the nucleus in disease, this function is lost, and recently, several key cryptic splicing targets of TDP‐43 have emerged, including STMN2, UNC13A, and others. UNC13A is a major ALS/FTD risk gene, and the genetic variations that increase the risk for disease seem to do so by making the gene more susceptible to cryptic exon inclusion when TDP‐43 function is impaired. Here, we discuss the prospects and challenges of harnessing these cryptic splicing events as novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Deciphering this new cryptic code may be a touchstone for ALS and FTD diagnosis and treatment.
Turning eating disorders screening in primary practice into treatment: A clinical practice approach
Authors: Wade Tracey D. , Johnson Catherine , Cadman Kath , Cook Lesley
Published: May 2022

Objective

The rate of screening for eating disorders (EDs) by general practitioners (GPs) in primary health care is low. We examined an approach to increase screening and the impact on referrals.

Method

Low cost assessment/treatment pathways were established in February 2019 for patients with an ED. Between October 2020 and June 2021 information was sent to GP practices about screening for EDs, along with provision of an online screening tool and training.

Results

Of the 44 GP practices invited to participate in the screening initiative, 42 (95.5%) agreed. Only 12 (27%) had referred patients before the initiative, 53 patients over 19 months (2.8/month). Over the 10‐month initiative 90 patients were referred and started treatment from 50% of the practices (8.2/month); 73 (81%) had an ED and six had disordered eating but not an ED. Qualitative feedback from GPs suggested they would not screen for a condition if there were no readily identifiable treatment pathway available.

Discussion

Results suggest that the three elements of the initiative (provision of assessment and treatment pathways, access to a screening tool, provision of information on screening) increased the likelihood that GPs would use a screening tool, leading to an almost three‐fold increase in referrals.

Public Significance

An initiative used to translate screening for an eating disorder to treatment in primary health care had three components. First, provision of an easy referral process to assessment as well as treatment. Second, screening tools were made available on computer desktops. Third, information and training provided to GPs was used to support their clinical observation and increase confidence in initiating screening. Adoption of this initiative almost tripled referrals for assessment.
Wildlife associates of nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) burrows in Arkansas
Authors: DeGregorio Brett A. , Veon John T. , Massey Andrhea
Published: May 2022

The Nine‐banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is a widespread burrowing species with an expanding geographic range across the southeastern and midwestern United States. Armadillos dig numerous, large burrows within their home ranges and these burrows are likely used by a diverse suite of wildlife species as has been reported for other burrowing ecosystem engineers such as Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus), Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizi), and Black‐tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). We used motion‐triggered game cameras at 35 armadillo burrows in 4 ecoregions of Arkansas and documented 19 species of mammals, 4 species of reptile, 1 species of amphibian, and 40 species of bird interacting with burrows. Bobcat (Lynx rufus), Coyote (Canis latrans), Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), Northern Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana), and unidentified rodents (mice and rats) were documented using burrows in all four ecoregions. We documented wildlife hunting, seeking shelter, rearing young in, and taking over and modifying armadillo burrows. The rate of use was highest in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, a landscape dominated by agriculture, where natural refugia may be limited and rodents are abundant. Armadillo burrows are clearly visited and used by numerous wildlife species to fulfill various life stage requirements, and this list will likely expand if more attention is devoted to understanding the role of armadillos burrows. Armadillos are important ecosystem engineers, and their ecological role warrants more investigation and attention as opposed to only being viewed and managed as agricultural and garden pests.
Spatial transcriptome of a germinal center plasmablastic burst hints at MYD88/CD79B mutants‐enriched diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: L'Imperio Vincenzo , Morello Gaia , Vegliante Maria Carmela , Cancila Valeria , Bertolazzi Giorgio , Mazzara Saveria , Belmonte Beatrice , Mangogna Alessandro , Balzarini Piera , Corral Lilia , Lopez Gianluca , Di Napoli Arianna , Facchetti Fabio , Pagni Fabio , Tripodo Claudio
Published: May 2022

The GC reaction results in the selection of B cells acquiring effector Ig secreting ability by progressing toward plasmablastic differentiation. This transition is associated with exclusion from the GC microenvironment. The aberrant expansion of plasmablastic elements within the GC fringes configures an atypical condition, the biological characteristics of which have not been defined yet. We investigated the in situ immunophenotypical and transcriptional characteristics of a nonclonal germinotropic expansion of plasmablastic elements (GEx) occurring in the tonsil of a young patient. Compared to neighboring GC and perifollicular regions, the GEx showed a distinctive signature featuring key regulators of plasmacytic differentiation, cytokine signaling, and cell metabolism. The GEx signature was tested in the setting of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) as a prototypical model of lymphomagenesis encompassing transformation at different stages of GC and post‐GC functional differentiation. The signature outlined DLBCL clusters with different immune microenvironment composition and enrichment in genetic subtypes. This report represents the first insight into the transcriptional features of a germinotropic plasmablastic burst, shedding light into the molecular hallmarks of B cells undergoing plasmablastic differentiation and aberrant expansion within the noncanonical setting of the GC microenvironment.
Multi‐objective optimization of thermoeconomic and component size of supercritical carbon dioxide recompression cycle based on small‐scale lead‐cooled fast reactor
Authors: Du Yadong , Wang Leilei , Yu Zhiyi , Zhang Hanzhi , Li Yanzhao , Yang Ce
Published: May 2022

When the supercritical CO2 power cycle is employed in confined spaces, such as nuclear‐powered ships and spacecraft, its size should be given priority. To estimate the component size, the one‐dimensional heat exchanger model developed in this study is used in a recompression supercritical CO2 cycle integrated on a small‐scale lead‐cooled fast reactor. A parameter analysis was performed to study the influence of several key parameters on the levelized cost of electricity, thermal efficiency, and system size. Moreover, four types of multi‐objective optimizations were conducted to provide optimization schemes for different scenarios. Results indicated that the increased turbine inlet temperature improved the thermoeconomic but augmented the system volume. The size of the low‐temperature recuperator was observably enlarged near the optimal flow split ratio, thereby increasing the system volume. Pareto optimal solution of bi‐objective optimization based on the levelized cost of electricity and system size reached the lowest system volume of 3.71 m3. Additionally, the best trade‐off result of three‐objective optimization was a thermal efficiency of 42.14%, a levelized cost of electricity of 56.30 $∙MWh−1, and a system volume of 4.43 m3. Meanwhile, maximal and minimal pressure drops of CO2 appeared in the cooler and intermediate heat exchanger, respectively.
Interacting host modifier systems controlWolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in a haplodiploid mite
Authors: Wybouw Nicky , Mortier Frederik , Bonte Dries
Published: May 2022

Reproductive parasites such as Wolbachia spread within host populations by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). CI occurs when parasite-modified sperm fertilizes uninfected eggs and is typified by great variation in strength across biological systems. In haplodiploid hosts, CI has different phenotypic outcomes depending on whether the fertilized eggs die or develop into males. Genetic conflict theories predict the evolution of host modulation of CI, which in turn influences the stability of reproductive parasitism. However, despite the ubiquity of CI-inducing parasites in nature, there is scarce evidence for intraspecific host modulation of CI strength and phenotype. Here, we tested for intraspecific host modulation of Wolbachia-induced CI in haplodiploid Tetranychus urticae mites. Using a single CI-inducing Wolbachia variant and mitochondrion, a nuclear panel was created that consisted of infected and cured near-isogenic lines. We performed a highly replicated age-synchronized full diallel cross composed of incompatible and compatible control crosses. We uncovered host modifier systems that cause striking variation in CI strength when carried by infected T. urticae males. We observed a continuum of CI phenotypes in our crosses and identified strong intraspecific female modulation of the CI phenotype. Crosses established a recessive genetic basis for the maternal effect and were consistent with polygenic Mendelian inheritance. Both male and female modulation interacted with the genotype of the mating partner. Our findings identify spermatogenesis as an important target of selection for host modulation of CI strength and underscore the importance of maternal genetic effects for the CI phenotype. Our findings reveal that intraspecific host modulation of CI is underpinned by complex genetic architectures and confirm that the evolution of reproductive parasitism is contingent on host genetics.
Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) leaf flavonoids rich in morin and quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside ameliorate lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Cui Jue , Zong Wenyi , Zhao Nannan , Yuan Rui
Published: May 2022

In this study, the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities and mechanism of burdock leaf flavonoids (BLF) on LPS‐stimulated inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells were explored. We have observed that BLF and main effective components morin and quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside pretreatment significantly inhibited LPS‐stimulated inflammatory activation of RAW264.7 cells by lowering the levels of NO, PGE2, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 production (p < .05). At the same time, BLF not only had potent free radical scavenging ability in vitro (DPPH: 2025.33 ± 84.15 μmol Trolox/g, ABTS: 159.14 ± 5.28 μmol Trolox/g, and ORAC: 248.72 ± 9.74 μmol Trolox/g) but also effectively ameliorated cellular oxidative stress status by restoring the decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH‐Px) and decreasing the elevated levels of ROS and TBARS in LPS‐stimulated macrophages (p < .05). The western blot analysis indicated that BLF and main components morin and quercetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside mainly inhibited LPS‐stimulated inflammation by reducing the iNOS and COX‐2 protein expression, decreasing cellular ROS, and blocking the activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway in macrophages. Our results collectively imply that BLF could be used as a new type of functional factor for the development of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory foods.
Effect of chemical reaction, heat source/sink, and thermal diffusion on transient natural convection through a tube
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Joseph Sylvester B. , Ajibade Abiodun O.
Published: May 2022

A semi‐analytical investigation of the effect of a chemical reaction and thermal diffusion on transient natural convection flow of a viscous incompressible binary fluid with heat source/sink in a vertical and infinite tube is presented. The equations for the model are simplified with the help of the Laplace transform, solved analytically to obtain solutions whose expressions are given in modified Bessel functions. These solutions are then inverted numerically using the Riemann sum approximation method. An exhaustive model analysis is achieved by exhibiting the temperature, concentration, and velocity profiles graphically. Also, numerical values are displayed in tabular form for the Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and the shear stress. Furthermore, a version of the governing equations which are independent of time is solved analytically. The obtained results are found to coincide with the results of the time‐dependent problem at an appreciable value of time. A close examination of the results reveals that raising the generative chemical reaction parameter strengthens both the concentration and momentum of the flow while they are weakened with a surge of the destructive chemical reaction. As the heat source intensifies, both fluid temperature and velocity are elevated while the species concentration is abated with the reversed phenomenon occurring as the heat sink intensifies. An improvement is observed in the concentration and velocity distribution as the Soret parameter increases. This model is useful in petroleum reservoirs, the mining industry, and many industrial processes.
Streamwater colour in snow‐dominated headwater catchments: Natural variability and the effects of forest harvesting
Authors: Moore R. Daniel , Winkler Rita D. , Hope Graeme D.
Published: May 2022

This study documents the natural variability of true colour and the effects of forest harvesting in three snow‐dominated headwater catchments at the Upper Penticton Creek Experimental Watersheds, located in south‐central British Columbia. Although colour does not pose direct health risks, high values of colour can reduce the effectiveness of ultraviolet treatment systems, and can also indicate high concentrations of dissolved organic compounds, which can produce trihalomethanes following chlorination. The study employed a paired‐catchment design with an unlogged control (240 Creek) and pre‐ and post‐harvesting observations at two treatment catchments (241 and 242 Creeks). True colour varied seasonally, with high values during freshet followed by a general decline through summer, with some marked increases in association with autumn rain events. In the absence of harvesting effects, colour at all streams frequently exceeded the drinking water standard of 15 true colour units, especially for two catchments that contained organic soils, and there were significant positive relations between colour and the logarithm of stream discharge for all three catchments. The paired‐catchment analysis revealed significant increases in colour values once harvest reached 28% of the 241 Creek watershed and 21% of the 242 Creek watershed. For 241 Creek, the harvesting effect appeared to be independent of the colour value at 240 Creek. In contrast, the harvesting effect appeared to manifest in an increase in the slope of the relation for 242 Creek. The post‐harvest increase in colour did not appear to depend on streamflow for 241 Creek, whereas the colour response for 242 Creek had a strong positive relation with streamflow. These patterns of responses are hypothesized to reflect differences in the spatial patterns of imperfectly and poorly drained, wet soils in relation to locations of harvesting units, as well as differences in the morphology of the stream channel and riparian zone.

Novelty Statement

This is the first paired‐catchment experiment to document variations in true colour and its response to forestry in snow‐dominated headwater catchments. A unique aspect of the study is the availability of a soil map showing the locations of imperfectly and poorly drained soils and organic soils. The combination of the experimental design, which included both pre‐ and post‐harvest monitoring and a control catchment, and the soils map, supported the formation of process‐based hypotheses to explain the natural seasonal and among‐catchment variability of colour and the responses to forest harvesting.
Making text count: Economic forecasting using newspaper text
Authors: Kalamara Eleni , Turrell Arthur , Redl Chris , Kapetanios George , Kapadia Sujit
Published: May 2022

This paper examines several ways to extract timely economic signals from newspaper text and shows that such information can materially improve forecasts of macroeconomic variables including GDP, inflation and unemployment. Our text is drawn from three popular UK newspapers that collectively represent UK newspaper readership in terms of political perspective and editorial style. Exploiting newspaper text can improve economic forecasts both unconditionally and when conditioning on other relevant information, but the performance of the latter varies according to the method used. Incorporating text into forecasts by combining counts of terms with supervised machine learning delivers the highest forecast improvements relative to existing text‐based methods. These improvements are most pronounced during periods of economic stress when, arguably, forecasts matter most.
Optimal forecast under structural breaks
Authors: Lee Tae‐Hwy , Parsaeian Shahnaz , Ullah Aman
Published: May 2022

This paper develops an optimal combined estimator to forecast out‐of‐sample under structural breaks. When it comes to forecasting, using only the postbreak observations after the most recent break point may not be optimal. In this paper, we propose a new estimation method that exploits the prebreak information. In particular, we show how to combine the estimator using the full‐sample (i.e., both the prebreak and postbreak data) and the estimator using only the postbreak sample. The full‐sample estimator is inconsistent when there is a break while it is efficient. The postbreak estimator is consistent but inefficient. Hence, depending on the severity of the breaks, the full‐sample estimator and the postbreak estimator can be combined to balance the consistency and efficiency. We derive the Stein‐like combined estimator of the full‐sample and the postbreak estimators, to balance the bias‐variance trade‐off. The combination weight depends on the break severity, which we measure by the Wu–Hausman statistic. We examine the properties of the proposed method, analytically in theory, numerically in simulation, and also empirically in forecasting real output growth across nine industrial economies.
Tracking the developmental events in the duodenum of the quail embryo: Using light and electron microscope
Authors: Abdelhakeem Fatma , Mohamed Salma A. , Abdelsabour‐Khalaf Mohammed , Madkour Fatma A.
Published: May 2022

The present study described the full morphology of the duodenum of the Japanese quail during the embryonic stage from 3rd day of incubation till hatching using the light and electron (scanning and transmission) microscope. The specimens were collected, analyzed and described anatomically, morphometrically and microscopically. The first recognition of the prospective duodenum was at the 4th day of incubation and developed continuously by age progression. The prospective duodenum consisted of a flat pseudostratified epithelium, mesenchyme and covering mesothelium. On day 8th of incubation, the epithelium developed three evaginations lead to formation three previllous ridges protruding inside the duodenal lumen, which later at the 9th day differentiated into numbers of projections; villi. On the 9th day, the epithelium lined the villi transformed into a simple columnar type, the duodenal villi appeared as pyramidal‐shaped projections, had wide base and narrow apex and by age progression, the duodenal villi went through changes in number, size and shape. On hatching day, the duodenal epithelium consisted of enterocytes interspersed with secretory goblet cells, which stained positive for both Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue AB and represented filled with metachromatic granules. The muscular wall started as mesenchymal condensation on the 6th day then differentiated into the circular smooth muscle layer on the 9th day of incubation. Giving detailed information about the morphological development of the duodenum during the incubation period of quail embryo helps in reaching a satisfactory explanation about how the duodenum plays a vital role in digestion, absorption and immunity.

Highlights

Studying the quail duodenum can be used as a model for understanding the mammalian duodenum.

Understanding the duodenal structure and its function is the best way to maximize the efficiency of the production of the livestock through giving the best type of diet.

Duodenum plays a vital role in digestion through the digestible secretions, absorption of nutrients, and immunity against invaders.

Duodenum is the spot where the food digestion mostly occurs.
Light and scanning electron microscopy of Datura stramonium L. extract and its biological applications
Authors: Rehman Shafiq Ur , Ullah Nadeem , Jaffer Mehwish , Zaidi Riffat , Anwar Hina
Published: May 2022

The study deals with the LM and SEM (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) of Datura stramonium L. extract and to evaluate its phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. The plant sample collected from different Lahore region was dried under shade. The plant extract was prepared using different solvents (n‐hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol). Phytochemical screening performed qualitatively for alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Radical scavenging potential of plant extracts was estimated and ethyl acetate extract exhibited maximum percentage scavenging ability of 92.2 ± 0.09. Total antioxidant capacity of different extracts was measured by phosphomolybdate method. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts showed maximum values of 72.3 ± 0.08% and 79 ± 0.15% with respect to gallic acid. Total phenolic contents were determined through Folin‐Ciocalteau method and highest value of 495.2 ± 3.4 was obtained by methanolic extract. DPPH‐TLC autography was used for the visual detection of antioxidant compounds in different plant extracts. Antibacterial activity of plant extract was measured by disc diffusion method against microorganisms named Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive), and Salmonella typhimurium, and Proteus mirabilis (Gram negative). Because of the vast medicinal importance of D. stramonium L. it would be beneficial to study LM and SEM for correct identification of plant and to determine phytochemicals.

Research Highlights

LM and SEM (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) of Datura stramonium L. was studied for the exact identification of plant.

To evaluate the biological activities of pharmaceutically important plant.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were determined.

D. stramonium L. proved to be medicinally important plant.
Returning to the sources: An interview with Saulo de Freitas Araujo about the book series Clássicos da Psicologia (Classics of Psychology)
Authors: Araujo Saulo de F. , Fierro Catriel
Published: May 2022

In this interview with historian of psychology Saulo de Freitas Araujo, we discuss the aims, challenges, and functions of a new book series in which classic psychological works are translated into Portuguese. The interview highlights the importance of the accessibility of primary source documents to psychology education.
Microwave‐supported synthesis of pyridocarbazoles
Authors: Kumaresan Prabakaran , Sekar Rubankumar , Ezhumalai Yamuna , Matthias Zeller , Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra Prasad
Published: May 2022

We developed a microwave‐assisted preparation of pyrido[2,3‐c]carbazole from 3‐amino‐9‐ethylcarbazole. The use of microwave heating resulted in shorter response times and higher yields. This process is atom‐efficient and can be used in a variety of multi‐component reactions.
Economic transformation in Africa: What is the role of Chinese firms?
Authors: Calabrese Linda , Tang Xiaoyang
Published: May 2022

African countries face an economic transformation gap. Given the large and growing Chinese presence on the African continent, a fundamental question is whether Chinese firms contribute to, or hinder, economic transformation in Africa. This article conducts a scoping review of over one hundred sources, examining the pathways through which Chinese firms can affect economic transformation. On balance, the literature points to a positive role of Chinese firms. Africa–China trade leads to mixed results, while Chinese investment and infrastructure construction are found to contribute positively to transformation. Chinese firms are also found to support capacity building, spillovers and innovation in African countries.
Human Herpesvirus 8 seroprevalence among blood donors in Mali
Authors: Malonga Gervillien Arnold , Dienta Sidi , Traore Fatoumata Tata , Maiga Zalihatou , Ba Alhassane , Faye Ousmane , Chicaud Elodie , Marot Stéphane , Calvez Vincent , Marcelin Anne‐Geneviève , Jary Aude , Maiga Almoustapha I.
Published: May 2022

In sub‐Saharan Africa, the Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) is endemic but with disparities between regions and population studied. Although the virus remains mostly latent, there is some evidence that blood transfusion may represents one of the transmission way for this virus. Here, we evaluated HHV‐8 seroprevalence among blood donors in Mali. This cross‐sectional study recruited blood donors from the Blood Transfusion Center at Gabriel Touré Hospital, Bamako. Serum was used for the detection of latent HHV‐8 immunoglobulin G directed against latent associated nuclear antigen 1 by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), HCV, and Treponema pallidum were also screened. HHV‐8 seroprevalence was 10.4% in Malian blood donors. None of the sociodemographic characteristics were associated with HHV‐8 infection, although there is a tendency of a higher HHV‐8 seroprevalence among participants living in Bamako than those not living there. One individual had coinfection HHV‐8/HBV, another HHV‐8/HCV while another had HCV and T. pallidum. None has been tested positive for HIV infection. This intermediate seroprevalence in Malian blood donors suggests that the risk of HHV‐8 transmission by transfusion should be considered. Further investigations are needed to assess impact of HHV‐8 in polytransfused patients residing in an endemic area for this virus.
The subfornical organ regulates acidosis‐evoked fear by engaging microglial acid‐sensor TDAG8 and forebrain neurocircuits in male mice
Authors: Winter Andrew , McMurray Katherine M. J. , Ahlbrand Rebecca , Allgire Emily , Shukla Sachi , Jones James , Sah Renu
Published: May 2022

An important role of pH homeostasis has been suggested in the physiology of panic disorder, with acidosis as an interoceptive trigger leading to fear and panic. Identification of novel mechanisms that can translate acidosis into fear will promote a better understanding of panic physiology. The current study explores a role of the subfornical organ (SFO), a blood–brain barrier compromised brain area, in translating acidosis to fear‐relevant behaviors. We performed SFO‐targeted acidification in male, wild‐type mice and mice lacking microglial acid‐sensing G protein–coupled receptor—T‐cell death‐associated gene 8 (TDAG8). Localized SFO acidification evoked significant freezing and reduced exploration that was dependent on the presence of acid‐sensor TDAG8. Acidosis promoted the activation of SFO microglia and neurons that were absent in TDAG8‐deficient mice. The assessment of regional neuronal activation in wild‐type and TDAG8‐deficient mice following SFO acidification revealed significant acidosis and genotype‐dependent alterations in the hypothalamus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and periaqueductal gray nuclei. Furthermore, mapping of interregional co‐activation patterns revealed that SFO acidosis promoted positive hypothalamic‐cortex associations and desynchronized SFO‐cortex and amygdala‐cortex associations, suggesting an interplay of homeostatic and fear regulatory areas. Importantly, these alterations were not evident in TDAG8‐deficient mice. Overall, our data support a regulatory role of subfornical organ microglial acid sensing in acidosis‐evoked fear, highlighting a centralized role of blood–brain barrier compromised nodes in interoceptive sensing and behavioral regulation. Identification of pathways by which humoral information can modulate fear behavior is relevant to panic disorder, where aberrant interoceptive signaling has been reported.
A Raman spectroscopic study of the pyrolysis of lactose and tannins
Authors: Brehm Simon , Kraus Jakob , Himcinschi Cameliu , Kortus Jens
Published: May 2022

Lactose and tannin are eco‐friendly alternatives to commonly used binders for carbon‐bonded alumina filters that are applied in steel melt filtration. The investigation of binder pyrolysis is a contribution to understand the production process of these filters. In this work, lactose and the tannins gallic acid, ellagic acid, and tannic acid were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The tannins were measured in situ in an argon‐filled heating chamber. The transformation of the tannin molecules to a system of amorphous disordered carbon could be observed in the Raman spectra. In addition, the condensed pyrolysis products of the tannins were measured and identified. The Raman spectra were supported by peak positions calculated with density functional theory.
MFAP2 aggravates tumor progression through activating FOXM1/β‐catenin‐mediated glycolysis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhao Ling‐Qin , Sun Wei , Zhang Ping , Gao Wen , Fang Chen‐Yan , Zheng Ai‐Wen
Published: May 2022

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological tumors that seriously endanger the health and quality of life of women. Microfibril‐associated protein 2 (MFAP2) has been demonstrated to play crucial roles in the development of multiple tumors. However, the function of MFAP2 in ovarian cancer remains unclear. In this study, we found that MFAP2 was upregulated in ovarian cancer and cells and was positively correlated with FOXM1 and glycolysis‐related genes. The results of Cell Count Kit‐8, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays indicated that MFAP2 promoted cell proliferation. In addition, MFAP2 promotes cell proliferation, glucose uptake, lactate production; increases ATP levels, extracellular acidification ratio, and oxygen consumption ratio in ovarian cancer cells and increases the expression of glycolytic proteins. Further mechanistic analysis suggests that MFAP2 promotes FOXM1/β‐catenin‐mediated glycolysis signaling in ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of MFAP2 inhibits ovarian cancer xenograft tumor growth and expression of Ki‐67, MFAP2, FOXM1, GLUT1, HK2, and β‐catenin in mice. In conclusion, MFAP2 promotes cell proliferation and glycolysis by modulating the FOXM1/β‐catenin signaling pathway in ovarian cancer, which may offer a fresh insight into the treatment of ovarian cancer in the glycolysis pathway.
Tribological performance optimization and synergistic lubrication evolution of Pb‐free FeS/Cu–Bi composites
Authors: Liu Cong , Yin Yanguo , Li Congmin , Xu Ming , Li Rong Rong , Chen Qi
Published: May 2022

The tribological properties of Pb‐free FeS/Cu–Bi (FCB) self‐lubricating composites were optimised with the Taguchi method. The effects of lubricant content and ball milling time on the anti‐friction and wear resistance of FCB composites were investigated. Then the evolution of the friction interface was observed through interrupted microscopy measurement to reveal its synergistic lubrication mechanism. The results showed that the primary and secondary factors that affected the anti‐friction and wear resistance of the FCB composites were FeS content, Bi content and ball milling time. The synergistic lubrication mechanism of FCB composites was that FeS could prevent the crack from extending with the continuous Bi mesh and could prevent the matrix with Bi debris from peeling off, which was conducive to the formation of a lubricant‐rich tribofilm at the friction interface to improve the tribological properties of the composites.
Branding beyond the gender binary
Authors: Cooke Angelica , Russell‐Bennett Rebekah , Wang Di , Whyte Stephen
Published: May 2022

Gender is a fundamental pillar of personal identity, and as such, gendered brand personality is an equally important aspect of brand identity, as it enables consumers to express their gender identity through consumption. However, as gender attitudes and identities change to reflect the broader culture, marketers must continuously re‐evaluate how changing gender attitudes and identities will impact consumers' responses to gendered brands. This paper examines the effect of congruence between Gendered Brand Personality and consumer psychological gender on brand outcomes using two online experiments with USA and UK samples. Our findings indicate that congruence between brand gender and psychological gender increases brand equity and purchase intention in brand gender communication contexts including through logo, model, and usage setting. This congruence effect is driven by consumer self‐referencing. A follow‐up qualitative study using a focus group adds additional insights for the congruence effect in terms of potential boundary conditions and alternative underlying mechanisms beyond self‐referencing. These findings suggest that marketers should design their own brand personality to be in line with target consumers' psychological gender.
A novel variant of GLI3, p.Asp1514Thrfs*5, is identified in a Chinese family affected by polydactyly
Authors: Wang Yusi , Hao Xuguang , Jia Xueyuan , Ji Wei , Yuan Shuai , Gnamey Estelle Judith Abla , Huang Min , Xu Lidan , Zhang Xuelong , Bai Jing , Sun Wenjing , Fu Songbin , Liu Yong , Wu Jie
Published: May 2022

Background

Polydactyly is a common congenital malformation characterized by the presence of supernumerary fingers or toes. In this case study, we sought to identify the causative pathogenic factor in a family from a northern region of China affected by non‐syndromic postaxial polydactyly (PAP).

Methods

After recruiting a three‐generation family with PAP, whole‐exome sequencing was performed to identify the causative variant. In silico analysis and Sanger sequencing were used to validate the variant.

Results

We identified a novel heterozygous frameshift variant (NM_000168.6:c.4540delG, p.Asp1514Thrfs*5) in the transcriptional activator (TA1) domain of the GLI3 gene.

Conclusion

The novel frameshift variant identified in this study further confirms the relationship between non‐syndromic PAP and GLI3 and extends the previously established mutational and phenotypic spectra of GLI3.
Plate‐related complication and health‐related quality of life after mandibular reconstruction by fibula flap with reconstruction plate or miniplate versus anterolateral thigh flap with reconstruction plate
Authors: Chang Tzu‐Yen , Lai Yen‐Shuo , Lin Chung‐Ying , Wang Jung‐Der , Pan Shin‐Chen , Shieh Shyh‐Jou , Lee Jing‐Wei , Lee Yao‐Chou
Published: May 2022

Background

Plate‐related complications are major long‐term complications in mandible reconstruction. There are controversies regarding the use of a reconstruction plate versus miniplates and a bone flap versus a soft tissue flap with a bridging plate. Direct comparisons of a fibula flap and an anterolateral thigh flap, the applicability between a reconstruction plate and miniplate, and the correlation between plate‐related complications and quality of life remain unclarified. Therefore, this study aimed to the explore complications of different flaps and plates and how they impact the patients' quality of life.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of a total of 205 patients aged >18 years who underwent segmental mandibulectomy and reconstruction using fibula flap with reconstruction plate (FR; n = 86), fibula flap with miniplate (FM; n = 61), and anterolateral thigh flap with reconstruction plate (AR; n = 58) due to cancer ablation, osteoradionecrosis, or benign tumor excision between August 2010 and December 2019. Data on characteristics, complications, and health‐related quality of life were collected and analyzed.

Results

The plate‐related complication rate was the highest in the AR group (37.9%), then in the FR group (25.6%), and was the lowest in the FM group (13.1%; p = 0.0079). The plate exposure rate was the highest in the AR group (24.1%), then in the FR group (15.7%), and was the lowest in the FM group (4.9%; p = 0.0128). The plate fracture and dislodge rates for the AR group were both higher than those for the FR and FM groups (24.1% versus 9.3% versus 9.8%, respectively; p = 0.023). The AR group had worse complication‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.61, 95% CI: 1.99–6.56, and p < 0.0001) than the FR and FM groups. Osteoradionecrosis (HR: 6.19, 95% CI: 2.11–18.21, and p = 0.0009) and postoperative radiotherapy (HR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.34–6.12, and p = 0.0402) were both independent adverse factors for complication‐free survival, whereas patient treated primarily (HR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17–0.73, and p = 0.0048) was an independent protective factor. Plate‐related complication negatively impacted the quality of life based on pain scores (β: −0.56, SE: 0.26, and p = 0.034).

Conclusions

Using a fibular flap fixed with miniplates and avoiding the use of a reconstruction plate may yield a reduced plate exposure rate and better health‐related quality of life, particularly for patients with osteoradionecrosis or those who need postoperative radiotherapy.
A circularly polarized folded reflectarray antenna for Ka‐band satellite communications uplinks
Authors: Zhang Pan‐Pan , Zhu Xi‐Cheng , Shu Xiao‐Le , Wu Xiao‐Hu , Jiang Mei , Ge Jun‐Xiang
Published: May 2022

A low‐profile circularly polarized folded reflectarray antenna (CPFRA) with linearly polarized (LP) feed antenna is presented in this article. Polarizing grid usually used as the subreflector of traditional FRA is replaced by a polarization‐sensitive frequency selective surface (FSS) in the CPFRA design. The polarization‐sensitive FSS is designed to convert the LP incidence into the CP wave within its passband while reflecting the orthogonal LP incident wave over its operating frequency band. A CPFRA prototype has been proposed and validated for Ka band satellite communications uplinks in this article. The maximum measured antenna gain of 26.0 dBic is achieved at 29.75 GHz with the corresponding antenna aperture efficiency of 40%. Beam scanning property has been achieved by the CPFRA with the mechanical movement of feed horn antenna. All the measured axial ratios (ARs) of the CPFRA are lower than 3 dB in the frequency range from 29 to 30.25 GHz. Meanwhile, the measured antenna gain variation with different beam scanning angles is less than 1 dB from 29.25 to 31 GHz.
X/Ku dual‐band single‐layer reflectarray antenna
Authors: Song Wenke , Cai Yang , Xue Qianzhong , Guo Naining , Liu Kegang , Li Sen , Wang Jing , Ding Haibing
Published: May 2022

In this article, a single‐layer dual‐band reflectarray (RA) antenna is proposed. The RA antenna operates at two separated frequency bands with separate feeds. A low‐profile dual‐band unit cell I is designed with a 2 mm thickness without an air layer, which comprises only one dielectric substrate and two layers of metal patches. To achieve 360° phase shift ranges at two bands, unit cell II is presented based on the phase delay line theory. On the basis of proposed unit cells, a single‐layer circular RA (D = 150 mm) is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show a measured peak gain of 20.7 dBi at 10.5 GHz and a 1 dB bandwidth of 17% (9.8–11.5 GHz). Besides, a measured peak gain of 23.6 dBi can be achieved at 15 GHz, and the 1 dB bandwidth is 13.3% (13.8–15.8 GHz) at Ku band.
A broadband and high‐gain differentially fed suspended plate antenna integrated with solar cells
Authors: Lai Jingyu , Luo Yu , Yan Ningning , An Wenxing , Ma Kaixue
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a differentially fed suspended plate antenna (SPA) integrated with solar cells. A structure of hollow cylinders is used to support the patch and enhance the gain by suppressing any unwanted high‐order mode. More importantly, the cathode of the solar cells is connected to the antenna ground to improve the compatibility of the antenna and solar cells without introducing additional filters. Differentially fed l‐shaped coaxial probes feed the SPA to enhance the bandwidth. The anode and the cathode of the two solar cells are connected and located directly above the patch. A prototype of the solar cell SPA is fabricated and measured to verify the stability of its radiation and energy‐harvesting performance. The measurement results show that the bandwidth of the proposed solar cell SPA is 3.2–5.1 GHz for wideband application, and its gain is higher than 9.51 dBi in the operating band.