bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexualisierte Gewalt an Kindern und Jugendlichen: Sichtbarkeit und Umsetzung von institutionellen Schutzkonzepten in den Bereichen Sport, Musik und Kirche
Authors: Walter Teresa , Stickel Marius , Fegert Jörg M. , Jud Andreas
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: 2010 löste die Aufdeckung sexualisierter Gewalt an Kindern und Jugendlichen in Institutionen eine öffentliche Debatte aus, wodurch zunehmend die Etablierung von Schutzkonzepten zum besseren Schutz von Kindern und Jugendlichen gefordert wurde. Bislang gibt es nur wenige Bemühungen, die Sichtbarkeit und Umsetzung von Schutzkonzepten systematisch zu erfassen. Durch eine breit angelegte Internetrecherche und eine Telefonumfrage im Rahmen einer Ortsanalyse wurde ein erster Ansatz geschaffen, um diese Forschungslücke zu schließen. Methodik: In einer systematischen Internetrecherche und einer Ortsanalyse ( n = 50) wurden Schutzkonzepte gegen sexualisierte Gewalt an Kindern und Jugendlichen innerhalb von religiösen Organisationen, Sportvereinen und Vereinen der musikalischen Bildung in Bayern hinsichtlich Sichtbarkeit, Verfügbarkeit und Umsetzungsgrad untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse der systematischen Internetrecherche verzeichnen in allen drei Kontexten eine geringe Trefferquote identifizierter Schutzkonzepte. Die geringe Anzahl an Suchtreffern macht deutlich, dass das Thema sexualisierte Gewalt in vielen Einrichtungen bislang unzureichend berücksichtigt wird und Schutzmaßnahmen vernachlässigt werden. Die ergänzenden Ergebnisse der telefonischen Ortsanalyse lassen auf einen niedrigen Umsetzungsgrad innerhalb der Vereine und Organisationen und eine geringe tatsächliche Verfügbarkeit bestehender Schutzkonzepte mit wenigen präventiven Elementen schließen.
Konzepte der Bindungstheorie und ihre Bedeutung für die Integrative Lerntherapie
Authors: Steffen Claire , Rudolph Udo
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund des vorliegenden Beitrags sind die Vorteile einer sicheren Basis innerhalb der Therapeut-Patient-Beziehung, sowie die Bedeutung sicherer Beziehungen im Schulkontext. Zentrale These ist, dass Lerntherapeut_innen über ein beträchtliches Potenzial verfügen, ihren Klient_innen sichere Beziehungserfahrungen zu ermöglichen, indem sie diese in ihrem Lernprozess feinfühlig begleiten. Wir arbeiten basierend auf Konzepten und Studien der Bindungstheorie und Bindungsforschung spezifische Elemente einer bindungsorientierten Lerntherapie heraus. Diese Elemente beinhalten das Wissen über relevante Konzepte der Bindungstheorie und Bindungsforschung, Empathie, Mentalisierungsfähigkeit und Feinfühligkeit der Lerntherapeut_innen, sowie die Reflektion ihrer eigenen Bindungsgeschichte. Sie ermöglichen es, den Kindern eine sichere Basis für Exploration und einen sicheren Hafen bei Schwierigkeiten zu bieten. In einer bindungsorientierten Therapeut-Kind-Beziehung erlebt sich das unsicher gebundene Kind zunehmend als selbstwirksam, in Bezug auf neue kognitive Anforderungen und bei der Verarbeitung von sozial-emotionalen Stressbelastungen. Dies kann dazu beitragen, dass durch anhaltende sichere Erfahrungen ein lerntherapeutisch produktiver Wechsel zwischen Bindung und Exploration (wieder) hergestellt wird. Die Veränderung der Bindungsrepräsentation an sich ist dabei nicht vorrangiges Ziel der Integrativen Lerntherapie.
Appbasierte Förderansätze für Kinder mit Lernstörungen
Authors: Kißler Christian , Sartor Teresa , Vanauer Christin , Schulz Ann-Katrin , Witzel Björn , Moll Kristina , Schulte-Körne Gerd , Kuhn Jörg-Tobias
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Einstellungen zu digitalen Fördermaßnahmen wurden bislang hauptsächlich aus der Sicht von Lehrkräften untersucht, obwohl das Lernen mit digitalen Hilfsmitteln im häuslichen Umfeld an Bedeutung gewinnt. Deshalb wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie Angehörige/Eltern von Kindern mit Lernstörungen (= KmL: Rechenstörung, Lesestörung bzw. kombinierte Lernstörung) die Förderung mit Trainings-Apps via Tablet in der häuslichen Umgebung erleben und was für sie in diesem Kontext wichtig ist. Methoden: Mithilfe leitfadengestützter Expert_inneninterviews wurden 21 Angehörige von KmL und zwei Projektbegleiterinnen, die im regelmäßigen Austausch mit den Angehörigen standen, interviewt; zusätzlich wurden mit einem schriftlichen Fragebogen qualitative Datensätze zum Lernerleben mit den Apps sowie zur allgemeinen Wahrnehmung der Apps aus der Perspektive von 1) KmL ( n = 83), welche die Trainings-App genutzt haben, und 2) weiteren Angehörigen ( n = 81) erhoben. Ergebnis: Durch qualitative Analysen wurden Gelingensbedingungen (z.B. das Engagement der Angehörigen), aber auch Herausforderungen für die Verwendung von Trainings-Apps (z.B. technische Schwierigkeiten, Missverständnisse, Qualität der Stimmausgabe, als unpassend empfundener Schwierigkeitsgrad) herausgearbeitet. Diskussion: Aktuell wird das Training wahlweise als zu schwer, zu leicht oder zu ausufernd wahrgenommen. Um hier eine individuelle Passung zu erreichen, ist weitere Forschung sowie Entwicklung notwendig.
Perfectionism and Baldness Distress in Men
Authors: Kranz Dirk , Razum Josip , Jankowski Glen S.
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Introduction: Against the backdrop of increasing body image concerns among men, the present study examined two factors that might underlie men’s baldness distress: rigid perfectionism and anxiety about physical aging. Methods: An international sample of 355 men with varying degrees of baldness and an age range of 19 to 64 years were surveyed. Results: As hypothesized, participants scoring high in rigid perfectionism showed higher levels of baldness distress. This association was partially mediated by anxiety about physical aging. The mediation was not further moderated by participants’ age, degree and duration of baldness, cultural context, or racial identity, which underlines the generalizability of results. Discussion and Conclusion: The discussion centers around the partial rather than complete mediation by aging anxiety and implications of the findings for supporting balding men in the public health domain.
Likes and hashtags: Influence of athlete social media use
Authors: Merrill Sarah , Faustin Marcia
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Introduction: The use of various forms of social media has exploded worldwide and is popular among athletes. To date, much research has focused on the potential impact of traditional print media on athletes’ mental health. This study aims to review current literature specifically as it relates to the use of digital social media and athlete mental wellness, identify current research gaps, and present suggestions for future related studies. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, a database of references on medical research maintained by the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of health. Search terms included “social media”, “digital media” and “athlete mental health”. Results: The collection of published works provided insight on athlete social media use and body image, stress, sleep quality, performance, social connection, and financial implications. Conclusion: Given the psychological and physiological demands of sport, athletes may experience mental health issues that could be exacerbated by social media use. This is an emerging area of research, and there is currently a lack of sufficient data regarding the direct influence of social media upon the mental health of athletes. Training athletes, coaches, trainers, and healthcare providers on the pitfalls of social media use can promote healthy social media consumption.
Multi‐Layer Evolution of Acoustic‐Gravity Waves and Ionospheric Disturbances Over the United States After the 2022 Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption
Authors: Inchin P. A. , Bhatt A. , Cummer S. A. , Eckermann S. D. , Harding B. J. , Kuhl D. D. , Ma J. , Makela J. J. , Sabatini R. , Snively J. B.
Published: December 2023

The Hunga‐Tonga Hunga‐Ha'apai volcano underwent a series of large‐magnitude eruptions that generated broad spectra of mechanical waves in the atmosphere. We investigate the spatial and temporal evolutions of fluctuations driven by atmospheric acoustic‐gravity waves (AGWs) and, in particular, the Lamb wave modes in high spatial resolution data sets measured over the Continental United States (CONUS), complemented with data over the Americas and the Pacific. Along with >800 barometer sites, tropospheric observations, and Total Electron Content data from >3,000 receivers, we report detections of volcano‐induced AGWs in mesopause and ionosphere‐thermosphere airglow imagery and Fabry‐Perot interferometry. We also report unique AGW signatures in the ionospheric D‐region, measured using Long‐Range Navigation pulsed low‐frequency transmitter signals. Although we observed fluctuations over a wide range of periods and speeds, we identify Lamb wave modes exhibiting 295–345 m s−1 phase front velocities with correlated spatial variability of their amplitudes from the Earth's surface to the ionosphere. Results suggest that the Lamb wave modes, tracked by our ray‐tracing modeling results, were accompanied by deep fluctuation fields coupled throughout the atmosphere, and were all largely consistent in arrival times with the sequence of eruptions over 8 hr. The ray results also highlight the importance of winds in reducing wave amplitudes at CONUS midlatitudes. The ability to identify and interpret Lamb wave modes and accompanying fluctuations on the basis of arrival times and speeds, despite complexity in their spectra and modulations by the inhomogeneous atmosphere, suggests opportunities for analysis and modeling to understand their signals to constrain features of hazardous events.
Evidence for Magnetic Reconnection as the Precursor to Discrete Aurora at Mars
Authors: Bowers C. F. , DiBraccio G. A. , Slavin J. A. , Johnston B. , Schneider N. M. , Brain D. A. , Azari A.
Published: December 2023

Discrete aurora at Mars are characterized as localized, short‐lasting ultraviolet emissions on the nightside. They are caused by the precipitation of accelerated electron along open magnetic field lines and their collision with the Martian atmosphere. Discrete auroral emissions detected by the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) instrument onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft occur most frequently over the strongest crustal magnetic anomalies at Mars and under particular local time and upstream interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. These trends suggest that the onset of discrete aurora is controlled by the processes that govern the interaction between the draped IMF and the crustal magnetic anomalies. Here, we analyze MAVEN magnetometer measurements over regions of strong crustal fields during 49 discrete auroral events observed by IUVS. Our results indicate that the draped IMF orientations during each discrete auroral event show a clear tendency to be anti‐parallel to the underlying crustal anomaly magnetic fields near the location of the emission onset. This suggests that magnetic reconnection, a process that favors anti‐parallel magnetic field regimes, between the crustal fields and the draped IMF plays a role in discrete aurora formation. Of the 49 discrete auroral events analyzed, 42 (86%) occurred under draped IMF conditions that are susceptible to reconnection with the underlying crustal anomalies. This investigation produces strong evidence linking discrete aurora to magnetic reconnection at Mars and provides insights into other trends in discrete auroral activation such as local time and upstream IMF conditions.
Spatial Composition of the Diahaline Overturning Circulation in a Fjord–Type, Non–Tidal Estuarine System
Authors: Henell Erika , Burchard Hans , Gräwe Ulf , Klingbeil Knut
Published: December 2023

In this study we present new insights into the overturning circulation in non‐tidal, fjord‐type estuarine systems associated with diahaline mixing. As a realistic example we analyze 2 years of numerical model results for the Baltic Sea, a brackish semi‐enclosed marginal sea, characterized by strong freshwater surplus. An isohaline water mass transformation framework is applied to quantify and decompose the diahaline exchange flow. Time‐averaged effective vertical diahaline velocity is directly calculated from the divergence of the transports below the respective isohaline surface. It is furthermore indirectly estimated from the gradient of local mixing per salinity class with respect to salinity. Under the assumption of negligible horizontal diffusive salt transports both estimates should be identical. Our analysis shows a high correlation between the spatial patterns of the two estimates for the diahaline exchange flow. Two dominant types of diahaline exchange flow are analyzed. First of all there is a large scale overturning circulation with inflow at places where the isohaline surface is close to the bottom and with outflow at places where the isohaline is surfacing. Secondly, there is the well‐known small‐scale overturning circulation localized inside the bottom boundary layer over sloping bathymetry, associated with boundary mixing. Both types of circulation are visualized across selected vertical transects in physical and in salinity space. One major result is that about 50% of the diahaline exchange flow patterns are generated by numerical mixing caused by the truncation error of the advection scheme, despite the fact that an anti‐diffusive advection scheme and vertically adaptive coordinates are used.
Identifying Structural Priors in a Hybrid Differentiable Model for Stream Water Temperature Modeling
Authors: Rahmani Farshid , Appling Alison , Feng Dapeng , Lawson Kathryn , Shen Chaopeng
Published: December 2023

Although deep learning models for stream temperature (Ts) have recently shown exceptional accuracy, they have limited interpretability and cannot output untrained variables. With hybrid differentiable models, neural networks (NNs) can be connected to physically based equations (called structural priors) to output intermediate variables such as water source fractions (specifying what portion of water is groundwater, subsurface, and surface flow). However, it is unclear if such outputs are physically meaningful when only limited physics is imposed, and if structural priors have enough impacts to be identifiable from data. Here, we tested four alternative structural priors describing basin‐scale water temperature memory and instream heat processes in a differentiable stream temperature model where NNs freely estimate the water source fractions. We evaluated models’ abilities to predict Ts and baseflow ratio. The four priors exhibited noticeably different behaviors in these two metrics and their tradeoffs, with some dominating others. Therefore, the better structural priors can be identified. Moreover, testing different priors yielded valuable insights: having a separate shallow subsurface flow component better matches observations, and a recency‐weighted averaging of past air temperature for calculating source water temperature resulted in better Ts and baseflow prediction than traditionally employed simple averaging. However, we also highlight the limitations when insufficient physical constraints are implemented: the internal variables (water source fractions) may not be adequately constrained by a single target variable (stream temperature) alone. To ensure the physical significance of the internal fluxes, one can either employ multivariate data for model selection, or include more physical processes in the priors.
A decouple-decomposition noise analysis model for closed-loop mode-localized tilt sensors
Authors: Wang Kunfeng , Xiong XingYin , Wang Zheng , Ma Liangbo , Wang BoWen , Yang WuHao , Bie Xiaorui , Li ZhiTian , Zou XuDong
Published: December 2023

The development of mode-localized sensors based on amplitude output metrics has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to the potential of such sensors for high sensitivity and resolution. Mode-localization phenomena leverage the interaction between multiple coupled resonant modes to achieve enhanced performance, providing a promising solution to overcome the limitations of traditional sensing technologies. Amplitude noise plays a key role in determining the resolution of mode-localized sensors, as the output metric is derived from the measured AR (amplitude ratio) within the weakly coupled resonator system. However, the amplitude noise originating from the weakly coupled resonator’s closed-loop circuit has not yet been fully investigated. This paper presents a decouple-decomposition (DD) noise analysis model, which is applied to achieve high resolution in a mode-localized tilt sensor based on a weakly coupled resonator closed-loop circuit. The DD noise model separates the weakly coupled resonators using the decoupling method considering the nonlinearity of the resonators. By integrating the decoupled weakly coupled resonators, the model decomposes the weakly coupled resonator’s closed-loop circuit into distinct paths for amplitude and phase noise analyses. The DD noise model reveals noise effects at various circuit nodes and models the system noise in the closed-loop circuit of the weakly coupled resonators. MATLAB/Simulink simulations verify the model’s accuracy when compared to theoretical analysis. At the optimal operating point, the mode-localized tilt sensor achieves an input-referred instability of 3.91 × 10-4°and an input-referred AR of PSD of 2.01 × 10-4°⁄√Hz using the closed-loop noise model. This model is also applicable to other varieties of mode-localized sensors.
Mechanisms of PANoptosis and relevant small-molecule compounds for fighting diseases
Authors: Wang Lian , Zhu Yanghui , Zhang Lu , Guo Linghong , Wang Xiaoyun , Pan Zhaoping , Jiang Xian , Wu Fengbo , He Gu
Published: December 2023

Pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis are mainly programmed cell death (PCD) pathways for host defense and homeostasis. PANoptosis is a newly distinct inflammatory PCD pathway that is uniquely regulated by multifaceted PANoptosome complexes and highlights significant crosstalk and coordination among pyroptosis (P), apoptosis (A), and/or necroptosis(N). Although some studies have focused on the possible role of PANpoptosis in diseases, the pathogenesis of PANoptosis is complex and underestimated. Furthermore, the progress of PANoptosis and related agonists or inhibitors in disorders has not yet been thoroughly discussed. In this perspective, we provide perspectives on PANoptosome and PANoptosis in the context of diverse pathological conditions and human diseases. The treatment targeting on PANoptosis is also summarized. In conclusion, PANoptosis is involved in plenty of disorders including but not limited to microbial infections, cancers, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), ischemia-reperfusion, and organic failure. PANoptosis seems to be a double-edged sword in diverse conditions, as PANoptosis induces a negative impact on treatment and prognosis in disorders like COVID-19 and ALI/ARDS, while PANoptosis provides host protection from HSV1 or Francisella novicida infection, and kills cancer cells and suppresses tumor growth in colorectal cancer, adrenocortical carcinoma, and other cancers. Compounds and endogenous molecules focused on PANoptosis are promising therapeutic strategies, which can act on PANoptosomes-associated members to regulate PANoptosis. More researches on PANoptosis are needed to better understand the pathology of human conditions and develop better treatment.
A pre-failure narrow concrete cracks dataset for engineering structures damage classification and segmentation
Authors: Tomaszkiewicz Karolina , Owerko Tomasz
Published: December 2023

Monitoring of structures’ condition plays a fundamental role in providing safety for users and extending the structures’ lifespan. The monitoring is conducted through on-site inspections by engineers thus this process is time-consuming, labor-intensive and prone to subjective engineering opinions. Detecting damage using machine learning algorithms on images can support engineers’ work, especially for early damages which are difficult to see with the human eye. This article is focused on the concrete crack detection problem in engineering structural elements. Despite the availability of several concrete crack detection datasets, no dataset allows semantic segmentation of cracks narrower than 0.3 mm (the crack width limit for typical engineering structures elements and environmental conditions according to EC 1992-1-1) and the ability for crack classification is limited. The provided open dataset represents only cracks below the crack width limit of 0.3mm, which do not yet indicate concrete elements failure. It is dedicated for early crack classification and segmentation, so that damage protection can be taken at an early stage to prevent structural element damages.
A chromosome-scale assembly of the early-flowering Prunus campanulata and comparative genomics of cherries
Authors: Hu Yuxi , Feng Chao , Wu Baohuan , Kang Ming
Published: December 2023

Prunus campanulata is an important flowering cherry germplasm of high ornamental value. Given its early-flowering phenotypes, P. campanulata could be used for molecular breeding of ornamental species and fruit crops belonging to the subgenus Cerasus. Here, we report a chromosome-scale assembly of P. campanulata with a genome size of 282.6 Mb and a contig N50 length of 12.04 Mb. The genome contained 24,861 protein-coding genes, of which 24,749 genes (99.5%) were functionally annotated, and 148.20 Mb (52.4%) of the assembled sequences are repetitive sequences. A combination of genomic and population genomic analyses revealed a number of genes under positive selection or accelerated molecular evolution in P. campanulata. Our study provides a reliable genome resource, and lays a solid foundation for genetic improvement of flowering cherry germplasm.
Physics constrained unsupervised deep learning for rapid, high resolution scanning coherent diffraction reconstruction
Authors: Hoidn Oliver , Mishra Aashwin Ananda , Mehta Apurva
Published: December 2023

By circumventing the resolution limitations of optics, coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) and ptychography are making their way into scientific fields ranging from X-ray imaging to astronomy. Yet, the need for time consuming iterative phase recovery hampers real-time imaging. While supervised deep learning strategies have increased reconstruction speed, they sacrifice image quality. Furthermore, these methods’ demand for extensive labeled training data is experimentally burdensome. Here, we propose an unsupervised physics-informed neural network reconstruction method, PtychoPINN, that retains the factor of 100-to-1000 speedup of deep learning-based reconstruction while improving reconstruction quality by combining the diffraction forward map with real-space constraints from overlapping measurements. In particular, PtychoPINN gains a factor of 4 in linear resolution and an 8 dB improvement in PSNR while also accruing improvements in generalizability and robustness. This blend of performance and computational efficiency offers exciting prospects for high-resolution real-time imaging in high-throughput environments such as X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) and diffraction-limited light sources.
A probabilistic algorithm for optimising the steady-state diffusional flux into a partially absorbing body
Authors: Nicolaou Kyriacos , Mulder Bela M.
Published: December 2023

Cells in an aqueous environment absorb diffusing nutrient molecules through nanoscale protein channels in their outer membranes. Assuming that there are constraints on the number of such channels a cell can produce, we ask the question: given a nondepleting source of nutrients, what is the optimal distribution of these channels over the cell surface? We coarse-grain this problem, phrasing it as a diffusion problem with position-dependent Robin boundary conditions on the surface. The aim is to maximize the steady-state total flux through the partially absorbing surface under an integral constraint on the local reactivities. We develop an algorithm to tackle this problem that uses the stored and processed results of a particle-based simulation with reflective boundary conditions to a posteriori estimate absorption flux at essentially negligible additional computational cost. We validate the algorithm against a few cases for which analytical or semi-analytical results are available. We apply it to two examples: a spherical cell in the presence of a point source and a spheroidal cell with an isotropic source at infinity. In the former case, there is a significant gain relative to the homogeneous case, while in the latter case the gain is only $$1\%$$

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Inhibition of Drp1 orchestrates the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel but insignificantly relieves paclitaxel-related ovarian damage in mice
Authors: Alalawy Adel I. , Sakran Mohamed , Alzuaibr Fahad M. , Alotaibi Maeidh A. , El-Hefnawy Mohamed E. , Hazazi Abdulelah Y. , El-Gendy Saad M. , Aidy Esraa A. , Effat Heba , Ismail Doha F. , Hessien Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Chemoresistance and chemotherapy-related ovarian damage are well-reported in breast cancer (BC) young patients. Herein, the inhibition of the mitochondrial fission was invested to explore its chemosensitizing role in Paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant cells, and its ability to restore the ovarian integrity in mice receiving PTX or cisplatin chemotherapy. To establish these aims, PTX-resistance was generated in BC cells, which were treated with PTX in combination with Drp1 deficiency, via mdivi-1, or Drp1-specific siRNA transfection. Furthermore, the alterations in the ovarian structure and the endocrine-related hormones were explored in mice receiving repetitive doses of PTX or cisplatin. We found that combining PTX with mdivi-1 improved cell responsiveness to PTX, induced apoptosis- and autophagy-mediated cell death, and relieved cellular oxidative stress. Additionally, the expression of PCNA1 and cyclin B1 genes were downregulated, meanwhile, p53, p21, and mitochondrial fusion proteins (Mfu1&Mfu2) were increased. The in vivo investigations in mice demonstrated that PTX induced gonadotoxic damage similar to cisplatin, whereas dual treatment of mice with PTX+ mdivi-1 failed to restore their normal follicular count and the circulating levels of E2 and AMH hormones. These results suggested that combining Drp1 inhibition with PTX resensitized breast cancer cells to PTX but failed to offer enough protection against chemotherapy-related gonadotoxicity.
Oxidation differences on Si- versus C-terminated surfaces of SiC during planarization in the fabrication of high-power, high-frequency semiconductor device
Authors: Lee Ganggyu , Lee Yeram , Kim Sungmin , Kim Donghwan , Park Hongjun , Woo Myungju , Song Taeseup , Paik Ungyu
Published: December 2023

Silicon carbide (SiC) wafers have attracted attention as a material for advanced power semiconductor device applications due to their high bandgap and stability at high temperatures and voltages. However, the inherent chemical and mechanical stability of SiC poses significant challenges in the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process, an essential step in reducing defects and improving surface flatness. SiC exhibits different mechanical and chemical properties depending on SiC terminal faces, affecting SiC oxidation behavior during the CMP process. Here, we investigate the process of oxide layer formation during the CMP process and how it relates to the SiC terminal faces. The results show that under the same conditions, the C-terminated face (C-face) exhibits higher oxidation reaction kinetics than the Si-terminated face (Si-face), forming an oxide layer of finer particles. Due to the different oxidation kinetic tendencies, the oxide layer formed on the C-face has a higher friction coefficient and more defects than the oxide layer formed on the Si-face. This results in a higher removal rate during CMP for the C-face than the Si-face. Furthermore, by controlling the physicochemical properties of the oxide film, high removal rates can be achieved by friction with the pad alone, without the need for nanoparticle abrasives.
Identification and verification of three autophagy-related genes as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of psoriasis
Authors: Zou Ailing , Chen Yongjun , Liu Tangsheng , Yang Ting , Zhou Bei
Published: December 2023

Psoriasis vulgaris is the most common form of the four clinical types. However, early diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris is difficult due to the lack of effective biomarkers. The aim of this study was to screen potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of psoriasis. In our study, we downloaded the original data from GSE30999 and GSE41664, and the autophagy-related genes list from human autophagy database to identify differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DERAGs) by R software. Then Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed for DERAGs. DERAGs were validated by the other four databases (GSE13355, GSE14905, GSE6710, and GSE55201) to screen biomarkers with high diagnostic value for the early diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris. Finally, DERAGs were verified in our clinical blood samples by ELISA. A total of 12 DERAGs were identified between 123 paired non-lesional and lesional skin samples from patients with psoriasis vulgaris. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated the TORC2 complex was more enriched and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway was mostly enriched. Three autophagy-related genes (BIRC5, NAMPT and BCL2) were identified through bioinformatics analysis and verified by ELISA in clinical blood samples. And these genes showed high diagnostic value for the early diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris. We identified three autophagy-related genes (BIRC5, NAMPT and BCL2) with high diagnostic value for the early diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris through bioinformatics analysis and clinical samples. Therefore, we proposed that BIRC5, NAMPT and BCL2 may be as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris. In addition, BIRC5, NAMPT and BCL2 may affect the development of psoriasis by regulating autophagy.
Application of response surface methodology for optimization of the test condition of oxygen evolution reaction over La0.8Ba0.2CoO3 perovskite-active carbon composite
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Asghari Elnaz , Delibaş Nagihan , Niaei Aligholi
Published: December 2023

The Experimental Design was applied to optimize the electrocatalytic activity of La0.8Ba0.2CoO3 perovskite oxide/Active Carbon composite material in the alkaline solution for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. After the preparation of La0.8Ba0.2CoO3, and structural characterizations, the experimental design was utilized to determine the optimal amount of the composite material and testing conditions. The overpotential was defined as the response variable, and the mass ratio of perovskite/active carbon, Potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentration, and Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) amount were considered effective parameters. The significance of model terms is demonstrated by P-values less than 0.0500. The proposed prediction model determined the optimal amounts of 0.665 mg of PVDF, a KOH concentration of 0.609 M, and A perovskite/Active Carbon mass ratio of 2.81 with 308.22 mV overpotential (2.27% greater than the actual overpotential). The stability test of the optimized electrode material over 24 h suggests that it could be a good candidate electrocatalyst for OER with reusability potential.
Development and evaluation of artificial organ models for ERCP training in patients with surgically altered anatomies
Authors: Koch Kai , Duckworth-Mothes Benedikt , Schweizer Ulrich , Grund Karl-Ernst , Moreels Tom G. , Königsrainer Alfred , Wichmann Dörte
Published: December 2023

Endoscopy training models (ETM) using artificial organs are practical, hygienic and comfortable for trainees. However, few models exist for training endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with surgically altered anatomy. This training is necessary as the number of bariatric surgeries performed worldwide increases. ETM with human-like anatomy were developed to represent the postoperative anatomy after Billroth II (BII) reconstruction for a standard duodenoscope and the situs of a long-limbed Roux-en-Y (RY) for device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE). In three independent workshops, the models were evaluated by international ERCP experts. In RY model, a simulation for small bowel behavior in endoscopy was created. Thirty-three experts rated the ETM in ERCP expert courses. The BII model was evaluated as suitable for training (school grades 1.36), with a haptic and visual impression rating of 1.73. The RY model was rated 1.50 for training suitability and 2.06 for overall impression. Animal tissue-free ETMs for ERCP in surgically altered anatomy were successfully created. Evaluation by experienced endoscopists indicated that the models are suitable for hands-on ERCP training, including device-assisted endoscopy. It is expected that patient care will improve with appropriate training in advanced procedures.
Comparative effects of a calcium chelator (BAPTA-AM) and melatonin on cryopreservation-induced oxidative stress and damage in ovarian tissue
Authors: Najafi Atefeh , Asadi Ebrahim , Benson James D.
Published: December 2023

Oncology treatments cause infertility, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation (OTCT) is the only option for fertility preservation in prepubertal girls with cancer. However, OTCT is associated with massive follicle loss. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of supplementation of slow freezing and vitrification media with BAPTA-AM and melatonin alone and in combination on ovarian tissue viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and follicular morphology and viability. Our results indicated that BAPTA-AM and melatonin can significantly improve ovarian tissue viability and the TAC/ROS ratio and reduce ROS generation in frozen-thawed ovarian tissues in slow freezing and vitrification procedures. BAPTA-AM was also found to be less effective on TAC compared to melatonin in vitrified ovarian tissue. While supplementation of slow freezing and vitrification media with BAPTA-AM and/or melatonin could increase the percentage of morphologically intact follicles in cryopreserved ovarian tissues, the differences were not significant. In conclusion, supplementation of cryopreservation media with BAPTA-AM or melatonin improved the outcome of ovarian tissue cryopreservation in both vitrification and slow freezing methods. Our data provide some insight into the importance of modulating redox balance and intracellular Ca2+ levels during ovarian tissue cryopreservation to optimize the current cryopreservation methods.
On a potential morpho-mechanical link between the gluteus maximus muscle and pelvic floor tissues
Authors: Siess Maximilian , Steinke Hanno , Zwirner Johann , Hammer Niels
Published: December 2023

Stress urinary incontinence presents a condition not only found in female elderlies, but also in young athletes participating in high-impact sports such as volleyball or trampolining. Repeated jumps appear to be a predisposing factor. Yet the pathophysiology remains incompletely elucidated to date; especially with regard to the influence of the surrounding buttock tissues including gluteus maximus. The present study assessed the morpho-mechanical link between gluteus maximus and the pelvic floor female bodies. 25 pelves obtained from Thiel embalmed females were studied in a supine position. Strands of tissues connecting gluteus maximus with the pelvic floor obtained from 20 sides were assessed mechanically. Plastinates were evaluated to verify the dissection findings. In total, 49 hemipelves were included for data acquisition. The fascia of gluteus maximus yielded connections to the subcutaneous tissues, the fascia of the external anal sphincter and that of obturator internus and to the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm. The connection between gluteus maximus and the urogenital diaphragm withstood an average force of 23.6 ± 17.3 N. Cramér φ analyses demonstrated that the connections of the fasciae connecting gluteus maximus with its surroundings were consistent in the horizontal and sagittal planes, respectively. In conclusion, gluteus maximus is morphologically densely linked to the pelvic floor via strands of connective tissues investing the adjacent muscles. Though gluteus maximus has also been reported to facilitate urinary continence, the here presented morpho-mechanical link suggests that it may also have the potential to contribute to urinary stress incontinence. Future research combining clinical imaging with in-situ testing may help substantiate the potential influence from a clinical perspective.
Chromosomal scale assembly reveals localized structural variants in avian caecal coccidian parasite Eimeria tenella
Authors: Srivastava Subodh K. , Parker Carolyn , O’Brien Celia N. , Tucker Matthew S. , Thompson Peter C. , Rosenthal Benjamin M. , Dubey Jitender P. , Khan Asis , Jenkins Mark C.
Published: December 2023

Eimeria tenella is a major cause of caecal coccidiosis in commercial poultry chickens worldwide. Here, we report chromosomal scale assembly of Eimeria tenella strain APU2, a strain isolated from commercial broiler chickens in the U.S. We obtained 100× sequencing Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) and more than 800× Coverage of Illumina Next-Seq. We created the assembly using the hybrid approach implemented in MaSuRCA, achieving a contiguous 51.34 Mb chromosomal-scale scaffolding enabling identification of structural variations. The AUGUSTUS pipeline predicted 8060 genes, and BUSCO deemed the genomes 99% complete; 6278 (78%) genes were annotated with Pfam domains, and 1395 genes were assigned GO-terms. Comparing E. tenella strains (APU2, US isolate and Houghton, UK isolate) derived Houghton strain of E. tenella revealed 62,905 high stringency differences, of which 45,322 are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (0.088%). The rate of transitions/transversions among the SNPs are 1.63 ts/tv. The strains possess conserved gene order but have profound sequence heterogeneity in a several chromosomal segments (chr 2, 11 and 15). Genic and intergenic variation in defined gene families was evaluated between the two strains to possibly identify sequences under selection. The average genic nucleotide diversity of 2.8 with average 2 kb gene length (0.145%) at genic level. We examined population structure using available E. tenella sequences in NCBI, revealing that the two E. tenella isolates from the U.S. (E. tenella APU2 and Wisconsin, “ERR296879”) share a common maternal inheritance with the E. tenella Houghton. Our chromosomal level assembly promotes insight into Eimeria biology and evolution, hastening drug discovery and vaccine development.
A complete morphological characterization of all life stages of the phorid fly Megaselia scalaris
Authors: Pallavi Jayakumar , Snehal Harshita , Kolipakala Rakshita Sukruth , Salazar Daniela , Hanbar Mrunal , Chiramel Larina Bejoy , Alok Jha Khushi , Venkatesh Sai Bhumica Lakshmi , Shetty Tanishka Dayanand , Madhusudan Navya , Mohan Amrutha , John Amulia , D’souza Naomi Deep , Sheet Priyanka , Nagarajan Deepesh
Published: December 2023

Megaselia scalaris, commonly known as the scuttle fly, is a cosmopolitan species in the family Phoridae. It is an easily cultured fly species that is an emerging model organism in the fields of genetics and developmental biology. Its affinity for carrion and its predictable life cycle makes it useful in the field of forensic science for estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) of human remains. Cases of human myasis caused by M. scalaris have also been reported in the medical literature. Despite its ubiquitous prevalence and its relevance across multiple fields, its morphology has not been adequately characterized. Here, we report the complete morphological characterization of all lifestages of M. scalaris, ranging from egg to adult. Scanning electron microscopy has enabled us to uncover morphological features and developmental processes that have previously not been reported in the literature. Our data lays the groundwork for future genetic studies: a morphological characterization of the wild type must be performed before mutants displaying different phenotypes can be identified. In this vein, we also report the observation of a acephalic, or 'headless’, adult phenotype whose study could yield insights into the process of cephalogenesis. Finally, all morphological features observed have been compiled into an ’atlas’ that should be of use to all workers in the field.
Reactivity-based identification of oxygen containing functional groups of chemicals applied as potential classifier in non-target analysis
Authors: Latz Milena , Böhme Alexander , Ulrich Nadin
Published: December 2023

In this work, we developed a reactivity-based strategy to identify functional groups of unknown analytes, which can be applied as classifier in non-target analysis with gas chromatography. The aim of this strategy is to reduce the number of potential candidate structures generated for a molecular formula determined by high resolution mass spectrometry. We selected an example of 18 isomers with the molecular formula C12H10O2 to test the performance of different derivatization reagents, whereas our aim was to select mild and fast reaction conditions. Based on the results for the isomers, we developed a four-step workflow for the identification of functional groups containing oxygen.
The emotion prediction of college students with attention LSTM during the COVID19 epidemic
Authors: Wu Mengwei , Lin Shaodan , Xiao Chenhan , Xiao Xiulin , Xu Siwei , Yu Shuhan
Published: December 2023

During the COVID19 pandemic, there is a pronounced collective mental health issue among college students. Forecasting the trend of emotional changes in on-campus students is crucial to effectively address this issue. This study proposes an Attention-LSTM neural network model that performs deep learning on key input sequence information, so as to predict the distribution of emotional states in college students. By testing 60 consecutive days of emotional data, the model successfully predicts students' emotional distribution, triggers and resolution strategies, with an accuracy rate of no less than 99%. Compared with models such as ARIMA, SARIMA and VAR, this model shows significant advantages in accuracy, operational efficiency, and data collection requirements. The integration of deep learning technology with student management in this study offers a novel approach to address emotional issues among students under exceptional circumstances.
Time-resolved optical shadowgraphy of solid hydrogen jets as a testbed to benchmark particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: Yang Long , Huang Lingen , Assenbaum Stefan , Cowan Thomas E. , Goethel Ilja , Göde Sebastian , Kluge Thomas , Rehwald Martin , Pan Xiayun , Schramm Ulrich , Vorberger Jan , Zeil Karl , Ziegler Tim , Bernert Constantin
Published: December 2023

Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are a widely-used tool to model kinetics-dominated plasmas in ultrarelativistic laser-solid interactions (dimensionless vectorpotential a0 > 1). However, interactions approaching subrelativistic laser intensities (a0 ≲ 1) are governed by correlated and collisional plasma physics, calling for benchmarks of available modeling capabilities and the establishment of standardized testbeds. Here, we propose such a testbed to experimentally benchmark PIC simulations of laser-solid interactions using a laser-irradiated micron-sized cryogenic hydrogen-jet target. Time-resolved optical shadowgraphy of the expanding plasma density, complemented by hydrodynamics and ray-tracing simulations, is used to determine the bulk-electron-temperature evolution after laser irradiation. We showcase our testbed by studying isochoric heating of solid hydrogen induced by laser pulses with a dimensionless vectorpotential of a0 ≈ 1. Our testbed reveals that the initial surface-density gradient of the target is decisive to reach quantitative agreement at 1 ps after the interaction, demonstrating its suitability to benchmark controlled parameter scans at subrelativistic laser intensities.
Large-scale data reveal disparate associations between leisure time physical activity patterns and mental health
Authors: Zhou Ying , Li Chenshuang , Wang Wei , Ding Lieyun
Published: December 2023

Background

Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is known to be associated with a lower risk for mental health burden, while whether the underlying mechanisms vary across populations is unknown. We aimed to explore the disparate associations between LTPA and mental health based on large-scale data.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed data including 711,759 individuals aged 15 years or above from the latest four rounds (2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018) of the National Health Service Survey (NHSS) in China. We used multiple logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders to investigate associations between LTPA and mental health in the total population and subgroups by measuring a diverse set of activity frequencies, intensities, and types. To examine the dose-response associations between total activity volume and mental health, we conducted restricted cubic splines to investigate possible nonlinearity.

Results

LTPA was associated with remarkably lower self-reported mental health burden (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.54–0.58). The dose-response relationship between total activity volume and mental health was highly nonlinear (p < 0.001), presenting L-shaped with first 1200 metabolic equivalents of task (METs)-min/week for significant risk reduction (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.56–0.60). Notably, merely exercising 3–5 times per week with moderate swimming was significantly associated with lower mental health burden among younger people, while the association was strongly large in older adults aged 60 years or above doing 55-min moderate apparatus exercise at least six times a week.

Conclusions

In a large Chinese sample, LTPA was meaningfully and disparately associated with mental health burden across different people. Policy targeted at prompting activity may be effective for reducing mental health burden, but importantly, tailored strategies are needed based on population contexts.
Modulation of circularly polarized luminescence by swelling of microgels functionalized with enantiopure [Ru(bpy)3]2+ luminophores
Authors: Yoshida Kyohei , Kajiwara Maino , Okazaki Yutaka , Véronique Lapeyre , Zinna Francesco , Sojic Neso , Bouffier Laurent , Lacour Jérôme , Ravaine Valérie , Oda Reiko
Published: December 2023

Chemoresponsive microgels functionalized with enantiomeric Δ- or Λ-[Ru(bpy)3]2+ showed tunable chiroptical properties upon swelling and shrinking.
Influence of donor point modifications on the assembly of chalcogen-bonded organic frameworks
Authors: Eckstein Brian J. , Martin Hannah R. , Moghadasnia Michael P. , Halder Arijit , Melville Michael J. , Buzinski Tara N. , Balaich Gary J. , McGuirk C. Michael
Published: December 2023

Systematic replacement of selenium for tellurium in a chalcogen-bonding tecton results in divergent assembly behavior from competitive solvents.
Recent progress in multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with an efficient reverse intersystem crossing process
Authors: Luo Xu-Feng , Xiao Xunwen , Zheng You-Xuan
Published: December 2023

To improve the kRISC of MR-TADF materials, heavy-atom integration, metal perturbation, π-conjugation extension and peripheral decoration of donor/acceptor units are summarized to illustrate relationship between molecular structure and photoelectric property.
Adaptable 2,5-bis((1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)pyrazine ligands for the simple self-assembly of homoleptic 1D coordination polymers
Authors: Donaldson Marryllyn E. , Dais Tyson N. , Rowlands Gareth J. , Matheson Brodie E. , Plieger Paul G.
Published: December 2023

This work presents a class of bis-tridentate 2,5-bis((1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)pyrazine tzopz ligands, which coordinate to 3d M2+ ions to consistently assemble homoleptic 1D coordination polymers.