bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
污水处理机电设备安装与运行维护研究
Authors: 王 鹏
Published: September 2019

现阶段,我国科技水平正在不断提升,这与我国社会经济的快速发展有直接关系。其中,工业发展对我国经济发展做出了很大的贡献,但是随着我国工业化生产规模的不断加大,环境污染问题也变得越来越严重,已经成为现阶段我国社会发展面临的重要问题。最近几年,我国污水处理厂的发展规模也越来越大,在污水处理方面取得了很大的进步,无论是技术水平还是设备先进程度都有了很大的提升。乌鲁木齐甘泉堡污水处理厂处理规模：10.5万m3/d,接纳的工业园区企业废水比例较大,为了保证出水达到处理要求,处理工艺采用三级处理,核心工艺采用MBR生物处理+高级催化氧化法,目前运行稳定。污水处理机电设备的安装质量以及运行质量会直接影响到污水处理的综合效果,其重要性不言而喻。基于此,本文对污水处理机电设备安装与运行维护进行了尝试性研究。
电力技术中的电力节能技术有效应用
Authors: 叶 震
Published: September 2019

在电力技术中,合理应用电力节能技术一方面可显著减少电能消耗,另一方面也可确保电力系统的平稳运行,保障电力企业的稳定发展。电力是社会发展中的重要资源,因此电能稳定供应对于电力系统乃至经济建设均有着重要的价值。
无爆破岩石切割的研究现状
Authors: 张 帅 , 史 作言 , 吴 小林 , 唐 骁
Published: September 2019

本文针对无爆破岩石切割的研究现状,结合理论实践,先简要阐述了一种岩石切割机械设备,并分析了几种常用的岩石切割技术,分析结果表明,无爆破岩石切割技术相比爆破技术,在安全性、效率、绿色环保、降低影响等方面具有明显优势,值得大范围推广应用。
水利水电建筑工程中的基础灌浆施工技术研究
Authors: 代 世超
Published: September 2019

基础工程是水利水电工程的一项重要内容,其施工质量直接关系到水利水电工程的安全性、稳定性。但是水利水电工程中的基础工程施工有着极其严格的要求,必须要科学、合理使用基础灌浆施工技术,从而才能够保证水利水电工程施工质量,加强水利水电工程安全性与稳定性。本文通过分析水利水电建筑基础灌浆施工技术的重要性,重点研究了基础灌浆施工技术,并提出了几点注意事项。
Continuously variable transmission leakage test results
Authors: Goszczak Jarosław , Radzymiński Bartosz , Mitukiewicz Grzegorz
Published: September 2019

After a short introduction characterizing the general outline of the issue, this paper describes the test results of oil leakage measurements through CVT actuator seals. The research was done using Jatco company's CVT 7 model, the popular gearbox for small passenger cars. Several curves of leakage values are given for both actuators, concerning different conditions such as rotational speed, oil temperature or pressure. In the summary several conclusions are formulated, based on presented test results. The determined maximal value of leakage is about 1 l/min. It emerged that the influence of centrifugal force is negligible. What is more, the observed phenomena are shortly described and projected for more detailed investigation.
A study of the possibility of using 3D modelling and 3D printing for electrical capacitance tomography sensor
Authors: Kowalska Aleksandra , Banasiak Robert , Romanowski Andrzej , Sankowski Dominik
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, the optimization of energy consumption and resources is one of the most urgent topics in worldwide industry. The energy consumption monitoring and control in various multiphase flow industrial applications, where a proper flow characteristic and an optimal phase mixture control is crucial, is hard to perform due to the physical and chemical complexity of the processes. The Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is one of the relatively cheap non-invasive measurement methods that can help in the monitoring and control of optimal energy and resources dozing in industrial processes. ECT diagnostics systems use unique sensors that can non-intrusively detect spatial capacitance changes caused by spatial changes in the electrical permittivity of industrial process components. One of the latest ECT extensions is a three-dimensional measurement strategy that uses a multilayer structure of the capacitance sensor. In this paper, the authors propose a novel approach to the 3D ECT sensors fabrication process that uses 3D computer modelling and 3D printing to easily get any sensor shape, electrode layout, scale and shielding strategy. This study compares the measurement abilities of a 3D ECT sensor fabricated using a traditional hand-made technique with the 3D printed device. The results have proven the potential of the new 3D print-based sensor regarding its significant fabrication time reduction as well as the improvement of the overall 3D ECT sensor measurement accuracy and stability.
Degradation of pentachlorophenol by high temperature hydrolysis
Authors: Janas Monika , Zawadzka Alicja
Published: September 2019

The long-term use of plant protection products in agriculture, including pentachlorophenol (PCP), has contributed to their widespread distribution in the natural environment. So far, no cheap and effective techniques for removing chlorophenols by physicochemical or biological methods have been developed. Therefore, alternative methods of neutralizing them are currently being sought. The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of pentachlorophenol decomposition by high temperature thermohydrolysis. The decomposition process was carried out at a constant pressure of 25 MPa, in the temperature range of 20°C to 500°C and at various volumetric flows of PCP through the reactor. Detailed analysis of the results showed that the process and degree of pentachlorophenol reduction depended on residence time in the reactor and the process temperature. The obtained results indicate that thermohydrolysis in supercritical water is not an effective method to neutralize pentachlorophenol. The high costs of conducting this process together with an average degree of PCP conversion (the conversion of pentachlorophenol at the lowest volumetric flow rate through the reactor reached about 45%) cause that thermohydrolysis at high temperature is not a costeffective method of neutralizing pentachlorophenol.
Measurement of the dynamics of fluid sorption for tissue papers
Authors: OLEJNIK KONRAD , BLOCH JEAN-FRANCIS , PELCZYNSKI PAWEL
Published: September 2019

Liquid absorption ability belongs to the most important features of tissue papers. Due to non-homogeneous internal and superficial structures, precise and fast evaluation of this property is challenging. The main aim of the presented research was to design an experimental device dedicated to the measurement of the kinetics of wetting phenomenon for tissue papers. The second aim was to evaluate whether it was possible to use image analysis for more precise characterization of liquid absorption properties of tissue paper. The obtained results showed that the method used, based on image analysis supported by gravimetric methods, proved to efficiently and quantitatively characterize the dynamics of liquid absorption for tissue papers.
Supplementary parameters such as absorption anisotropy and in-plane velocity were obtained. Different experimental results were obtained for various tissue paper grades. Furthermore, water absorption capacity calculated from image analysis data correlated with results obtained according to the standard method EN ISO 12625-8:2010
“Tissue paper and tissue products—Part 8: Water-absorption time and water-absorption capacity, basket-immersion test method.” Hence, the presented device quantitatively characterizes and discriminates water absorption phenomenon
for tissue papers.
Enhancement of processability, surface, and mechanical properties of paper based on rice straw pulp using biopolymers for packaging applications
Authors: BHARDWAJ SHUBHANG , BHARDWAJ NISHI KANT , NEGI YUVRAJ SINGH
Published: September 2019

Two biopolymers, chitosan and oxidized starch, were used as wet-end additives to improve the strength properties of the paper because of their biodegradable and non-hazardous qualities. The present study reports the improvement in surface and strength properties of packaging-grade paper made with rice straw pulp using biopolymers, chitosan, oxidized starch, and surface sizing added at the wet end of the paper machine. Use of chitosan at all doses from 0.5 to 10 kg/ton enhanced important surface and strength properties of paper. The breaking length, tear index, burst index, ring crush strength, stretch, tensile energy absorption index, and Taber stiffness of the paper with 10 kg/ton of chitosan as a wet-end additive showed 22%, 14%, 20%, 59%, 16%, 44%, and 48% improvement, respectively, in comparison to control, (i.e, without its addition). The Cobb60 was also reduced by 45%, showing better resistance to water in comparison to rice straw paper alone. The effects of chitosan added at the wet end on the paper surface were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The use of 10 kg/ton of chitosan at the wet end reduced the color and total suspended solids in the back water of the papermaking system by 55% and 51%, respectively. Further enhancement in the surface and strength properties of paper was observed following surface sizing with oxidized starch.
Citrus-based hydrocolloids: A water retention aid and rheology modifier for paper coatings
Authors: TYAGI PREETI , JOYCE MICHAEL , AGATE SACHIN , HUBBE MARTIN , PAL LOKENDRA
Published: September 2019

The rheological and dewatering behavior of an aqueous pigmented coating system not only affects the machine runnability but also affects the product quality. The current study describes the use of natural hydrocolloids derived from citrus peel fibers as a rheology modifier in paper coating applications. The results were compared with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a typical paper coating system. Water retention of the coating formulation was increased by 56% with citrus peel fibers compared to a default coating, and it also was higher than a CMCcontaining coating. The Brookfield viscosity of paper coatings was found to increase with citrus peel fibers. Compared to CMC, different citrus peel fibers containing coating recipes were able to achieve similar or higher water retention values, with no change or a slight increase in viscosity. Coatings were applied on linerboard using the Mayer rod-coating method, and all basic properties of paper were measured to assess the impact of citrus peel fiber on the functional value of the coatings. Paper properties were improved with coated paper containing citrus peel fibers, including brightness, porosity, smoothness, surface bonding strength, and ink absorption.
Studi Awal Geologi di Daerah Beruang Kanan Kabupaten Gunung Mas Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Anjarwati Retno , Idrus Arifudin , Setijadji Lucas Donny
Published: September 2019

The regional tectonic conditions of the KSK Contract of Work are located in the mid-Tertiary magmatic arc (Carlile and Mitchell, 1994) which host a number of epithermal gold deposits (eg, Kelian, Indon, Muro) and significant prospects such as Muyup, Masupa Ria, Gunung Mas and Mirah. Copper-gold mineralization in the KSK Contract of Work is associated with a number of intrusions that have occupied the shallow-scale crust at the Mesozoic metamorphic intercellular junction to the south and continuously into the Lower Tertiary sediment toward the water. This intrusion is interpreted to be part of the Oligocene arc of Central Kalimantan (in Carlile and Mitchell 1994) Volcanic rocks and associated volcanoes are older than intrusions, possibly aged Cretaceous and exposed together with all three contacts (Carlile and Mitchell, 1994) some researchers contribute details about the geological and mineralogical background, and some papers for that are published for the Beruang Kanan region and beyond but no one can confirm the genesis type of the Beruang Kanan region The mineralization of the Beruang Kanan area is generally composed by high yields of epithermal sulphide mineralization. with Cu-Au mineralization This high epithermal sulphide deposition coats the upper part of the Cu-Au porphyry precipitate associated with mineralization processes that are generally controlled by the structure
Studi Unsur Tanah Jarang REE di Bagian Barat Bukit Sambung Giri Kecamatan Merawang Kabupaten Bangka
Authors: . Mardiah , . Irvani
Published: September 2019

as long as years. The other mineral associated tin ore mineral very potensial mineral in Bangka Islandis rare earth element REE. They are the future prospect mineral resources, and how in the featuretime this potential must have a high economic value. REE potential not yet explored and exploited welluntil now days in Bangka Island, and was left abundant in ex-mining area. They carried out from thetin ore mining and become mine waste or tailing and then through the stream flows to be suspensionor bed load sediment. The aim of this study is to identify the present rare earth based on surfaceoutcrop samples as vein and rock and to understanding their spatial distribution in The west part ofSambung Giri Hill Merawang District Bangka Regency. Primary data collection of outcrop of rockand vein in Sambung Giri Hill. Geochemical sediments analysis just for identification insemiquantitative the presence of rare earth elements Ce, La, Nd, Sm and Y. Rare earth element ofcerium (Ce), Nd and Sm just ancent in some small sample, but for Lantanum (La) and yittrium (Y)almost presence at all shallow surface veint rock. The spatial distribution of rare earth Ce, La, Nd, Smand Y show heterogeneity in laterally.
The Analysis of Slope Safety Factors at Post Mining Areas in Semaya Village, Randudongkal Sub-district, Pemalang
Authors: Ali Rinal Khaidar , Najib Najib , Mulyadi Adam Kahfi
Published: September 2019

Mining activities has become increasingly widespread in recent years, especially people’s mining, thatjust concerned about the result and not paying attention to the environmental factors.This is causedthe post mining area’s destruction and environmental degradation potential. For this reason, the slopesafety factor enhancement analysis on the post mining area in Semaya Village, Randudongkal Sub-District, Pemalang Regency is needed. Slope stability analysis using Slide 6.0 software to identify thecondition of post mining area from the results of undisturbed sample (UDS) laboratory data.Laboratory testing includes several aspects including water content, weight, specific gravity, grain size,atteberg limit test, and direct shear test. The value of the safety factor is 1,441, the value is in the safecategory because it passes the minimum value limit of the safety factor which is 1.25, this result isobtained from the terracing modeling.
«Vostre cos és de verí replet»: caràcter i gènesi del maldit català
Authors: Tomàs Monsó Albert
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this paper is to propound a hypothesis concerning the genesis and development of the genre maldit in medieval Catalan poetry (14th and 15th centuries), considering the rhetorical and grammatical treatises, the genre assignment of rubrics and its practice. The maldit is a type of moral, satirical form, which aims to attack through satire a specific person or group. In their definitions, the treatises place maldit and the literary concept of satire under the scope of sirventès. Also, they point out a difference between general and particular maldit or maldit especial. This hypothesis argues that the term maldit especial refers to satirical poems about both male and female individuals, based on this definitions but also on genre rubrics and literary ressemblance with other genres, such as the cantigas d’escarnho e de mal dizer. - Keywords Medieval Catalan Poetry; Literary Genres; Maldit; Sirventes; Rhetorical and Grammatical Treatises.
小型垂直轴风力发电系统设计
Authors: 刘 慧君
Published: September 2019

文章是根据垂直轴风力发电系统的特征，设计一套基于定子无铁芯轴向磁通永磁发电机的垂直轴风力发电系统，系统模拟变风速运行下，系统输出稳定的交流电压和频率。整套发电系统成本低，功能丰富，工程实用性强，易于实现独立微网运行。
水利工程施工问题解决方案
Authors: 金 学龙
Published: September 2019

水利工程对于社会经济的发展发挥出来的影响作用是十分巨大的，并且在民众的生活水平的提升中也会凸显出关键的作用，进而需要我们对水利工程施工工序加以重点关注，在实际水利工程建造中，务必要联系实际选择适合的方法来对水利工程施工中遇到的各类问题加以解决，确保水利工程整体的施工质量，需要针对水利工程施工中的常见问题，提出相关的应对策略，同时要加强水利施工中的检查与维护，如果发现施工问题要立即进行解决，从而有效的提升水利工程施工的质量，保证水利工程建设行业的稳定发展。
农田水利工程建设以及管理的措施分析
Authors: 张 卉芬 , 张 志闯
Published: September 2019

农业是我国国民经济稳定发展的基础，只有保证农业经济的有效发展，才能更好地保障经济的稳定发展。但我国农业经营模式大部分还是小农经营模式，尤其在一些经济较为落后的地区，这种经营模式更为普遍。而农田水利工程是保障我国农业经济发展的重要基础设施，只有有效落实好农田的水利项目的设计和建造工作，提高农业用地的水利项目的科学管理的能力，我们才能更好地确保农业用地水利项目可以发挥出预想的功能，促进农村经济的发展。
托口水电站业主营地地基稳定性分析研究
Authors: 张 炳银 , 余 亮 , 刘 林其
Published: September 2019

托口水电站业主营地建筑物基础主要坐落于第四系残坡积土层上，其下伏基岩为岩溶发育的碳酸盐岩类地层。文章针对了建筑场地岩溶（土洞）发育特征，分别采用弹性理论和圆弧滑动法，对营地地基稳定进行了计算的基础上，并对地基承载力及地基变形进行了分析。提出了一些相应的加固处理方案。
Identification of Potential Sites for Rice Plant Growth using Multi Criteria Decision (MCE) Technique Through Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Mahmood Faiza , Saifullah Muhammad , Zafar Memoona , Saman Shazma , Yasmeen Sumira , Karamat Awais , Tanveer Syed Usman
Published: September 2019

Rice is one of major corps grown in Pakistan. It is considered as the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. Almost all the rural population of Pakistan is involved in rice preparation from its germination to final harvest. Although its contribution is less in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan, however efforts are on the way to enhance its productivity. The land of Punjab Pakistan produces rice of export quality which is famous throughout the world. Rice crop growth promoting parameters are considered essential to achieve high yield e.g., temperature, humidity, pressure, soil pH, soil type, drainage and electric conductivity. We used Multi-Criteria decision analysis to map temperature base and soil-based rice friendly zones. The results show that the total area under investigation was 3151km2, out of which 2075 km2 was observed highly suitable, 772 km2 was moderately suitable and 303 km2 was not suitable for rice cultivation. On ground validation, it was observed that the areas which were not suitable for rice cultivation, were actually urban area. The urban areas had high temperatures due to anthropogenic activities and fossil fuel emissions. Remote sensing and GIS techniques proved efficient in mapping the suitability zones for rice crop.
O uso das Tecnologias Digitais em contextos de ensino: Scratch, Logo e Objetos de Aprendizagem
Authors: Neto João Coelho , Marcomini Juliana Tais da Silva , Bueno Lorena Gomes
Published: September 2019

O Scratch, SuperLogo e os Objetos de Aprendizagem, podem ser ferramentas que auxiliam os professores em contextos escolares nos mais diversos conteúdos, de modo que possa estimular a criatividade e o interesse dos envolvidos. Este artigo tem dois objetivos gerais elencandos: identificar como os softwares Scratch e Logo podem ser utilizados para o ensino da Matemática e quais Objetos de Aprendizagem estão sendo utilizados para o ensino da Matemática. O procedimento metodológico utilizado foi etapas adaptadas de uma Revisão, realizado em periódicos brasileiros na área de Ensino – quadriênio 2013-2016, Qualis A1 e A2, para o Scratch e SuperLogo e B2, em Objetos de Aprendizagem. Como considerações, encontrou-se no estrato A1 e A2, 15.864 artigos, e desse apenas 4 tratavam do assunto SuperLogo/Scratch, e somente dois tratavam realmente para o ensino da Matemática. No estrato B2 foram encontrados 2.590, mas apenas 9 tratavam de Objetos de Aprendizagem, e apenas 1 abordava a Matemática.  As considerações apontam apenas 0,025% de pesquisas para o Scratch e SuperLogo e 0,03% para os Objetos de Aprendizagem, assim, sendo vislumbrando mais ações de pesquisa nessa temática.
“Find Your Happy Place”: A Study on Characterization and the Meaning of Happiness in Trolls (2016)
Authors: Tayongka Nerissa Angela
Published: September 2019

This study aims to identify the characterization of the two main characters in Trolls and how the film portrays the meaning of happiness through its scenes. The process of analyzing characterization is done using direct and indirect characterization along with non-verbal channels of expressions. While to analyze the meaning of happiness, the PERMA model and the theory of acculturation are employed. This is a descriptive qualitative study with the writer herself as the instrument. Based on the analysis, Poppy is optimistic, brave, fair, sincere, warm-hearted, cheerful, trustworthy, and confident. Branch is normative, boring, overly-cautious, and detached. These two characters have different perspective on life, but by the end of the film, they succeed in uniting their mind. Based on the characterization analysis, meaning of happiness can be drawn in two distinct classifications, personal and social happiness. Personal happiness is achieved by fulfilling the five elements of PERMA while social happiness refers to the relationship between trolls and bergens. For them, happiness can be achieved without cutting throat, by being frank, by increasing tolerance, and by helping each other.
Interpretasi Hermeneutika: Meneropong Diskursus Seni Memahami Melalui Lensa Filsafat Modern dan Postmodern
Authors: Wahyudi Antono
Published: September 2019

The verb "to  understand" is not only frequently misinterpreted but also epistemically does not even have the attention from society. In addition, the gap between the object that is understood and the understanding subject is getting wider. The term “understand” is identical with hermeneutics and it becomes an interesting discourse among the philosophers in which it is made to minimize the gap of misunderstanding between subject and object. Modern philosophers such as F.D.E. Schleiermacher, who succeeded in releasing hermeneutical discipline from the theological context into the philosophical context, focused on the aspect of textuality to achieve the objectivity. W.C.L. Dilthey, also a modern philosopher, succeeded in developing the hermeneutics from his predecessors by emphasizing reproductivity in attempt to have re- experience not only from the outer dimensions but also the inner dimensions of an object. While the modern philosophers emphasized the attainment of the objectivity, on the other hand, the postmodern philosophers such as Gadamer and Heidegger critically shifted their attainment to the  realm  of  the  subjectivity.  Furthermore,  if  Heidegger  departs  from  phenomenology- ontological   perspective   which   centered   on   humans   as   the  subject,   Gadamer  with   his philosophical hermeneutics succeeds in restoring the concept of abstraction to the social sciences along with expanding the range of paradigm. These four philosophers have successfully made a significant  impact  in  responding  to  the  social  phenomena  that  are  often  disturbing  the civilization. Thus, hermeneutic interpretation becomes important to be used in order to minimize the occurrence of social conflict as well as to maximize the realization of universal humanism.
An Analysis of Characterization of Will Traynor and Louisa Clark and the Idea of Compassionate Love in Me Before You (2016)
Authors: Suhendra Yukiko Tirzah
Published: September 2019

This review  focuses on characterization and the idea of compassionate love. The writer conducted the study to explain the compassionate love seen through the characterization of the main characters in Me Before You movie, Will Traynor and Louisa Clark. The writer uses P.A.R.T.S. characterization theory by Reams (2015) and compassionate love theory by Fromm (1995), Underwood (2002, 2009) and Stenberg (1986) to analyze the two main characters. The analysis uses descriptive qualitative method. The findings of the analysis show P.A.R.T.S. characterization of both main characters. There are seven characteristics of compassionate love seen through the characterization of the main characters. It is seen that Will is a stubborn and strong-willed man, yet he still has that romantic side to show his love which centers on the good of others.  Louisa is seen as a persistent and sincere woman who works as Will’s caregiver that later falls in love with Will and show how she can make him happy and give him freedom. The P.A.R.T.S. characterization of Will Traynor and Louisa Clark shows the kind of love which centers on the good of the other, i.e. compassionate love.
Cell-Penetrating Peptides: a Useful Tool for the Delivery of Various Cargoes Into Cells
Authors: BÖHMOVÁ E. , MACHOVÁ D. , PECHAR M. , POLA R. , VENCLÍKOVÁ K. , JANOUŠKOVÁ O. , ETRYCH T.
Published: September 2019

Cell-penetrating compounds are substances that enhance the cellular uptake of various molecular cargoes that do not easily cross the cellular membrane. The majority of cell-penetrating compounds described in the literature are cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). This review summarizes the various structural types of cell-penetrating compounds, with the main focus on CPPs. The authors present a brief overview of the history of CPPs, discuss the various types of conjugation of CPPs to biologically active cargoes intended for cell internalization, examine the cell-entry mechanisms of CPPs, and report on the applications of CPPs in research and in preclinical and clinical studies.
Polymer-Drug Conjugates in Inflammation Treatment
Authors: KOZIOLOVÁ E. , VENCLÍKOVÁ K. , ETRYCH T.
Published: September 2019

Inflammation is a vital defense mechanism of living organisms. However, persistent and chronic inflammation may lead to severe pathological processes and evolve into various chronic inflammatory diseases (CID), e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus or inflammatory bowel diseases, or certain types of cancer. Their current treatment usually does not lead to complete remission. The application of nanotherapeutics may significantly improve CID treatment, since their accumulation in inflamed tissues has been described and is referred to as extravasation through leaky vasculature and subsequent inflammatory cell-mediated sequestration (ELVIS). Among nanotherapeutics, water-soluble polymer-drug conjugates may be highly advantageous in CID treatment due to the possibility of their passive and active targeting to the inflammation site and controlled release of active agents once there. The polymer-drug conjugate consists of a hydrophilic biocompatible polymer backbone along which the drug molecules are covalently attached via a biodegradable linker that enables controlled drug release. Their active targeting or bio-imaging can be achieved by introducing the cell-specific targeting moiety or imaging agents into the polymer conjugate. Here, we review the relationship between polymer conjugates and inflammation, including the benefits of the application of polymer conjugates in inflammation treatment, the anti-inflammatory activity of polymer drug conjugates and potential polymer-promoted inflammation and immunogenicity.
Synthetic Polymer Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Engineering
Authors: JANOUŠKOVÁ O.
Published: September 2019

Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine are progressively developed areas due to many novel tissue replacements and implementation strategies. Increasing knowledge involving the fabrication of biomaterials with advanced physicochemical and biological characteristics, successful isolation and preparation of stem cells, incorporation of growth and differentiation factors, and biomimetic environments gives us a unique opportunity to develop various types of scaffolds for TE. The current strategies for soft tissue reconstitution or regeneration highlight the importance of novel regenerative therapies in cases of significant soft tissue loss and in cases of congenital defects, disease, trauma and ageing. Various types of biomaterials and scaffolds have been tested for soft tissue regeneration. The synthetic types of materials have gained great attention due to high versatility, tunability and easy functionalization for better biocompatibility. This article reviews the current materials that are usually the most used for the fabrication of scaffolds for soft TE; in addition, the types of scaffolds together with examples of their applications for the regenerative purposes of soft tissue, as well as their major physicochemical characteristics regarding the increased applicability of these materials in medicine, are reviewed.
Active Control of Bluff-Body Flows Using Plasma Actuators
Authors: Konstantinidis Efstathios
Published: September 2019

Actuators play an important role in modern active flow control technology. Dielectric barrier discharge plasma can be used to induce localized velocity perturbations in air, so as to accomplish modifications to the global flow field. This paper presents a selective review of applications from the published literature with emphasis on interactions between plasma-induced perturbations and original unsteady fields of bluff-body flows. First, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-plasma actuator characteristics, and the local disturbance fields these actuators induce into the exterior flow, are described. Then, instabilities found in separated flows around bluff bodies that controlled actuation should target at are briefly presented. Key parameters for effective control are introduced using the nominally two-dimensional flow around a circular cylinder as a paradigm. The effects of the actuator configuration and location, amplitude and frequency of excitation, input waveform, as well as the phase difference between individual actuators are illustrated through examples classified based on symmetry properties. In general, symmetric excitation at frequencies higher than approximately five times the uncontrolled frequency of vortex shedding acts destructively on regular vortex shedding and can be safely employed for reducing the mean drag and lift fluctuations. Antisymmetric and symmetric excitation at low frequencies of the order of the natural frequency can amplify the wake instability and increase the mean and fluctuating aerodynamic forces, respectively, due to vortex locking-on to the excitation frequency or its subharmonics. Results from several studies show that the geometry and arrangement of the electrodes is of utmost significance. Power consumption is typically very low, but the electromechanical efficiency can be optimized by input waveform modulation.
Carbon Dynamics and Fertility in Biochar-Amended Soils with Excessive Compost Application
Authors: Tsai Chen-Chi , Chang Yu-Fang
Published: September 2019

In Taiwan, farmers often apply excessive compost to ensure adequate crop yield in frequent tillage, highly weathered, and lower fertility soils. The potential of biochar (BC) to decrease soil C mineralization and improve soil nutrient availability in excessive compost application soil is promising, but under-examined. To test this, a 434-day incubation experiment of in vitro C mineralization kinetics was conducted. We added 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% (w/w) woody BC composed of lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de. Wit) to one Oxisol and two Inceptisols in Taiwan. In each treatment, 5% swine manure compost was added to serve as excessive application. The results indicated that soil type strongly influences the impact of BC addition on soil carbon mineralization potential. Respiration per unit of total organic carbon (total mineralization coefficient) of the three studied soils significantly decreased with increase in BC addition. Principal component analysis suggested that to retain more plant nutrients in addition to the effects of carbon sequestration, farmers could use locally produced biochars and composts in highly weathered and highly frequent tillage soil. Adding 0.5% woody BC to Taiwan rural soils should be reasonable and appropriate.
The Effects of Play Behavior, Feeding, and Time of Day on Salivary Concentrations of sIgA in Calves
Authors: Spiesberger Katrin , Lürzel Stephanie , Patzl Martina , Futschik Andreas , Waiblinger Susanne
Published: September 2019

The focus of animal welfare science has shifted over the last decades from efforts to avoid negative states to ways of allowing animals the experience of positive emotions. They may influence physiological processes in farmed animals, potentially providing health benefits; in addition, the physiological changes might be used as indicators of emotional states. We investigated calves’ salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations with regard to a possible circadian rhythm and two situations that elicit positive emotions. Ten saliva samples of 14 calves were taken on two consecutive days; within the course of a day we observed a significant decline in salivary sIgA concentrations at 14:00 h. Further, we probed the animals before and after milk feeding and, contrarily to our prediction, detected lower sIgA concentrations 5 min after feeding than 15 min before. A probable explanation might be an increase in salivary flow rate caused by milk ingestion. We also took samples before and after we stimulated play behavior in calves. There was no significant difference in sIgA concentrations between samples taken before and after play. Although there was a significant correlation between the change in sIgA concentrations and the amount of play behavior shown, the correlation depended on an unexpected decrease of sIgA in animals that played little, and thus, does not support our hypothesis. In general, the data showed a large variability that might arise from different factors that are difficult to standardize in animals. Thus, the use of salivary sIgA concentrations as a marker of positive emotions in calves is not supported conclusively by the present data.
Antibiotic Prescribing by Informal Healthcare Providers for Common Illnesses: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in Rural India
Authors: Khare Shweta , Purohit Manju , Sharma Megha , Tamhankar Ashok J. , Lundborg Cecilia Stalsby , Diwan Vishal , Pathak Ashish
Published: September 2019

Informal healthcare providers (IHCPs) are predominant healthcare providers in rural India, who prescribe without formal training. Antibiotic prescription by IHCPs could provide crucial information for controlling antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to determine the practices and seasonal changes in antibiotic prescribing for common illnesses by IHCPs. A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months, covering different seasons in the rural demographic surveillance site, at Ujjain, India. Prescriptions given to outpatients by 12 IHCPs were collected. In total, 15,322 prescriptions for 323 different complaint combinations were analyzed, of which 11,336 (74%) included antibiotics. The results showed that 14,620 (95%) of antibiotics prescribed were broad spectrum and the most commonly prescribed were fluoroquinolones (4771,31%), followed by penicillin with an extended spectrum (4119,27%) and third-generation cephalosporin (3069,20%). Antibiotics were prescribed more frequently in oral and dental problems (1126,88%), fever (3569,87%), and upper respiratory tract infections (3273, 81%); more during the monsoon season (2350,76%); and more frequently to children (3340,81%) than to adults (7996,71%). The study concludes that antibiotics were the more commonly prescribed drugs compared to other medications for common illnesses, most of which are broad-spectrum antibiotics, a situation that warrants further investigations followed by immediate and coordinated efforts to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions by IHCPs.
Linking What We Eat to Our Mood: A Review of Diet, Dietary Antioxidants, and Depression
Authors: Huang Qingyi , Liu Huan , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Ma Sihui , Liu Chunhong
Published: September 2019

Studies have shown that diet and nutrition play significant roles in the prevention of depression and its clinical treatment. The present review aims to provide a clear understanding of the associations between diet patterns, specific foods, nutrients such as antioxidants, and depression. As a result, balanced dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet and certain foods such as fish, fresh vegetables, and fruits have been associated with a lower risk of depression or depressive symptoms, while high-fat Western diets and sugar-sweetened beverages have been associated with higher risk of depression or depressive symptoms. Dietary antioxidants such as green tea polyphenols or isoflavonoid intake have been negatively associated with depression or depressive symptoms. It is concluded that diet patterns, specific foods, and antioxidants play important roles in the prevention and clinical treatment of depression.
An Effective Surrogate Ensemble Modeling Method for Satellite Coverage Traffic Volume Prediction
Authors: Ye Siyu , Zhang Yi , Yao Wen , Chen Quan , Chen Xiaoqian
Published: September 2019

The satellite constellation network is a powerful tool to provide ground traffic business services for continuous global coverage. For the resource-limited satellite network, it is necessary to predict satellite coverage traffic volume (SCTV) in advance to properly allocate onboard resources for better task fulfillment. Traditionally, a global SCTV distribution data table is first statistically constructed on the ground according to historical data and uploaded to the satellite. Then SCTV is predicted onboard by a data table lookup. However, the cost of the large data transmission and storage is expensive and prohibitive for satellites. To solve these problems, this paper proposes to distill the data into a surrogate model to be uploaded to the satellite, which can both save the valuable communication link resource and improve the SCTV prediction accuracy compared to the table lookup. An effective surrogate ensemble modeling method is proposed in this paper for better prediction. First, according to prior geographical knowledge of the SCTV distribution, the global earth surface domain is split into multiple sub-domains. Second, on each sub-domain, multiple candidate surrogates are built. To fully exploit these surrogates and combine them into a more accurate ensemble, a partial weighted aggregation method (PWTA) is developed. For each sub-domain, PWTA adaptively selects the candidate surrogates with higher accuracy as the contributing models, based on which the ultimate ensemble is constructed for each sub-domain SCTV prediction. The proposed method is demonstrated and testified with an air traffic SCTV engineering problem. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of PWTA regarding good local and global prediction accuracy and modeling robustness.
Construction and Numerical Realization of a Magnetization Model for a Magnetostrictive Actuator Based on a Free Energy Hysteresis Model
Authors: Yu Zhen , Zhang Chen-yang , Yu Jing-xian , Dang Zhang , Zhou Min
Published: September 2019

Giant magnetostrictive actuators (GMA) driven by giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) has some advantages such as a large strain, high precision, large driving force, fast response, high reliability, and so on, and it has become the research hotspot in the field of microdrives. Research shows there is a nonlinear, intrinsic relationship between the output signal and the input signal of giant magnetostrictive actuators because of the strong coupling characteristics between the machine, electromagnetic field, and heat. It is very complicated to construct its nonlinear eigenmodel, and it is the basis of the practical process of giant magnetostrictive material to construct its nonlinear eigenmodel. Aiming at the design of giant magnetostrictive actuators, the magnetization model based on a free-energy hysteresis model has been deeply researched, constructed, and put forward by Smith, which combines Helmholtz–Gibbs free energy and statistical distribution theory, to simulate the hysteresis model at medium or high driving strengths. Its main input and output parameters include magnetic field strength, magnetization, and mechanical strain. Then, numerical realization and verification of the magnetization model are done by the Gauss–Legendre integral discretization method. The results show that the magnetization model and its numerical method are correct, and the research results provide a theoretical basis for the engineering application of giant magnetostrictive material and optimized structure of giant magnetostrictive material actuators, which have an important practical application value.
PerHelper: Helping Developers Make Better Decisions on Permission Uses in Android Apps
Authors: Xu Guosheng , Xu Shengwei , Gao Chuan , Wang Bo , Xu Guoai
Published: September 2019

Permission-related issues in Android apps have been widely studied in our research community, while most of the previous studies considered these issues from the perspective of app users. In this paper, we take a different angle to revisit the permission-related issues from the perspective of app developers. First, we perform an empirical study on investigating how we can help developers make better decisions on permission uses during app development. With detailed experimental results, we show that many permission-related issues can be identified and fixed during the application development phase. In order to help developers to identify and fix these issues, we develop PerHelper, an IDEplugin to automatically infer candidate permission sets, which help guide developers to set permissions more effectively and accurately. We integrate permission-related bug detection into PerHelper and demonstrate its applicability and flexibility through case studies on a set of open-source Android apps.
Grain Size Effects in Selective Laser Melted Fe-Co-2V
Authors: Everhart Wesley , Newkirk Joseph
Published: September 2019

The material science of additive manufacturing (AM) has become a significant topic due to the unique way in which the material and geometry are created simultaneously. Major areas of research within inorganic materials include traditional structural materials, shape memory alloys, amorphous materials, and some new work in intermetallics. The unique thermal profiles created during selective laser melting (SLM) may provide new opportunities for processing intermetallics to improve mechanical and magnetic performance. A parameter set for the production of Fe-Co-2V material with additive manufacturing is developed and efforts are made to compare the traditional wrought alloy to the AM version of the same chemistry. Evaluation includes magnetic properties, composition, and phase as a function of thermal history, as well as mechanical performance. Results show significant similarities in microstructure between AM and wrought materials, as well as mechanical and magnetic performance. Property trends are evaluated as a function of grain size and show effects similar to the Hall–Petch strengthening observed in wrought material, though with some underprediction of the strength. Magnetic properties qualitatively follow the expected trends but demonstrate some deviation from wrought material, which is still unexplained.
Climatic Factors in Relation to Diarrhoea Hospital Admissions in Rural Limpopo, South Africa
Authors: Ikeda Takayoshi , Kapwata Thandi , Behera Swadhin K. , Minakawa Noboru , Hashizume Masahiro , Sweijd Neville , Mathee Angela , Wright Caradee Yael
Published: September 2019

Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in children under 5 years of age. Factors related to diarrheal disease incidence include infection, malnutrition, and exposure to contaminated water and food. Climate factors also contribute to diarrheal disease. We aimed to explore the relationship between temperature, precipitation and diarrhoea case counts of hospital admissions among vulnerable communities living in a rural setting in South Africa. We applied ‘contour analysis’ to visually examine simultaneous observations in frequencies of anomalously high and low diarrhoea case counts occurring in a season, and assigning colours to differences that were statistically significant based on chi-squared test results. Children under 5 years of age were especially vulnerable to diarrhoea during very dry, hot conditions as well as when conditions were wetter than usual. We saw an anomalously higher number of diarrhoea cases during ‘warmer than usual’ conditions in the dry winter season, with average winter temperatures in Limpopo being from about 5 to 10 °C. As for ‘wetter than usual’ conditions, we saw an anomalously higher number of diarrhoea cases during ‘drier than usual’ conditions for the winter and spring. The lagged association seen in cumulative rainfall could not be distinguished in the same way for temperature-related variables (indicating rainfall had a larger impact on higher cases of diarrhoea), nor for the older age group of 5 years and older. Dry conditions were associated with diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age; such conditions may lead to increased water storage, raising the risks of water contamination. Reduced use of water for personal hygiene and cleaning of outdoor pit latrines also affect sanitation quality. Rural communities require adequate and uninterrupted water provision, and healthcare providers should raise awareness about potential diarrhoeal risks, especially during the dry season as well as during wintertime when conditions are warmer than usual.
Relating Convection to GCM Grid-Scale Fields Using Cloud-Resolving Model Simulation of a Squall Line Observed during MC3E Field Experiment
Authors: Cheng Rui , Zhang Guang J.
Published: September 2019

In this study, a WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model is used as a cloud-resolving model to simulate a squall line observed on 20 May 2011 in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) of the United States. The model output is then used to examine the relationships between convective precipitation and coarse-grained variables averaged over a range of subdomain sizes equivalent to various global climate model horizontal resolutions. The objective is to determine to what extent convection within the subdomains can be related to these “large-scale” variables, thus that they can potentially serve as closure in convective parameterization. Results show that convective precipitation is well correlated with the vertical velocity at 500 hPa, column integrated moisture convergence and CAPE change due to large-scale advective forcing (dCAPE) for various subdomain sizes, but the correlation decreases with decreasing subdomain size. dCAPE leads convective precipitation for all subdomain sizes examined; however, the lead time decreases with decreasing subdomain size. Moisture convergence leads convective precipitation for subdomain sizes greater than 32 km but has no lead time for smaller subdomain sizes. Mid-tropospheric vertical velocity has no lead time or slightly lags convective precipitation. The lead/lag composite analysis with respect to maximum precipitation time indicates that peaks of large-scale variables increase with decreasing subdomain size. The peaks of 500 hPa vertical velocity and column integrated moisture convergence occur at the same time as maximum precipitation, but maximum dCAPE leads maximum precipitation by twelve minutes.
Alcoholic Liver Disease: Current Mechanistic Aspects with Focus on Their Clinical Relevance
Authors: Teschke Rolf
Published: September 2019

The spectrum of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is broad and includes alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic fibrosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, and alcoholic hepatocellular carcinoma, best explained as a five-hit sequelae of injurious steps. ALD is not primarily the result of malnutrition as assumed for many decades but due to the ingested alcohol and its metabolic consequences although malnutrition may marginally contribute to disease aggravation. Ethanol is metabolized in the liver to the heavily reactive acetaldehyde via the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the cytochrome P450 isoform 2E1 of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS). The resulting disturbances modify not only the liver parenchymal cells but also non-parenchymal cells such as Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). These are activated by acetaldehyde, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and endotoxins, which are produced from bacteria in the gut and reach the liver due to gut leakage. A variety of intrahepatic signaling pathways and innate or acquired immune reactions are under discussion contributing to the pathogenesis of ALD via the five injurious hits responsible for disease aggravation. As some of the mechanistic steps are based on studies with in vitro cell systems or animal models, respective proposals for humans may be considered as tentative. However, sufficient evidence is provided for clinical risk factors that include the amount of alcohol used daily for more than a decade, gender differences with higher susceptibility of women, genetic predisposition, and preexisting liver disease. In essence, efforts within the last years were devoted to shed more light in the pathogenesis of ALD, much has been achieved but issues remain to what extent results obtained from experimental studies can be transferred to humans.