bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Point Functions in Higher Spin AdS3 Holography with 1/N Corrections
Authors: Hikida Yasuaki , Uetoko Takahiro
Published: October 2017

We examine three point functions with two scalar operators and a higher spin current in 2d W N minimal model to the next non-trivial order in 1 / N expansion. The minimal model was proposed to be dual to a 3d higher spin gauge theory, and 1 / N corrections should be interpreted as quantum effects in the dual gravity theory. We develop a simple and systematic method to obtain three point functions by decomposing four point functions of scalar operators with Virasoro conformal blocks. Applying the method, we reproduce known results at the leading order in 1 / N and obtain new ones at the next leading order. As confirmation, we check that our results satisfy relations among three point functions conjectured before.
Innate Immune Evasion Mediated by Flaviviridae Non-Structural Proteins
Authors: Chen Shun , Wu Zhen , Wang Mingshu , Cheng Anchun
Published: October 2017

Flaviviridae-caused diseases are a critical, emerging public health problem worldwide. Flaviviridae infections usually cause severe, acute or chronic diseases, such as liver damage and liver cancer resulting from a hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and high fever and shock caused by yellow fever. Many researchers worldwide are investigating the mechanisms by which Flaviviridae cause severe diseases. Flaviviridae can interfere with the host’s innate immunity to achieve their purpose of proliferation. For instance, dengue virus (DENV) NS2A, NS2B3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5; HCV NS2, NS3, NS3/4A, NS4B and NS5A; and West Nile virus (WNV) NS1 and NS4B proteins are involved in immune evasion. This review discusses the interplay between viral non-structural Flaviviridae proteins and relevant host proteins, which leads to the suppression of the host’s innate antiviral immunity.
Polyprotein Processing as a Determinant for in Vitro Activity of Semliki Forest Virus Replicase
Authors: Pietilä Maija K. , Albulescu Irina C. , Hemert Martijn J. van , Ahola Tero
Published: October 2017

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is an arthropod-borne alphavirus that induces membrane invaginations (spherules) in host cells. These harbor the viral replication complexes (RC) that synthesize viral RNA. Alphaviruses have four replicase or nonstructural proteins (nsPs), nsP1–4, expressed as polyprotein P1234. An early RC, which synthesizes minus-strand RNA, is formed by the polyprotein P123 and the polymerase nsP4. Further proteolytic cleavage results in a late RC consisting of nsP1–4 and synthesizing plus strands. Here, we show that only the late RCs are highly active in RNA synthesis in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that active RCs can be isolated from both virus-infected cells and cells transfected with the wild-type replicase in combination with a plasmid expressing a template RNA. When an uncleavable polyprotein P123 and polymerase nsP4 were expressed together with a template, high levels of minus-strand RNA were produced in cells, but RCs isolated from these cells were hardly active in vitro. Furthermore, we observed that the uncleavable polyprotein P123 and polymerase nsP4, which have previously been shown to form spherules even in the absence of the template, did not replicate an exogenous template. Consequently, we hypothesize that the replicase proteins were sequestered in spherules and were no longer able to recruit a template.
Approaches and Perspectives for Development of African Swine Fever Virus Vaccines
Authors: Arias Marisa , De la Torre Ana , Dixon Linda , Gallardo Carmina , Jori Ferran , Laddomada Alberto , Martins Carlos , Parkhouse R. Michael , Revilla Yolanda , Rodriguez Fernando and Jose-Manuel , Sanchez-Vizcaino
Published: October 2017

African swine fever (ASF) is a complex disease of swine, caused by a large DNA virus belonging to the family Asfarviridae. The disease shows variable clinical signs, with high case fatality rates, up to 100%, in the acute forms. ASF is currently present in Africa and Europe where it circulates in different scenarios causing a high socio-economic impact. In most affected regions, control has not been effective in part due to lack of a vaccine. The availability of an effective and safe ASFV vaccines would support and enforce control–eradication strategies. Therefore, work leading to the rational development of protective ASF vaccines is a high priority. Several factors have hindered vaccine development, including the complexity of the ASF virus particle and the large number of proteins encoded by its genome. Many of these virus proteins inhibit the host’s immune system thus facilitating virus replication and persistence. We review previous work aimed at understanding ASFV–host interactions, including mechanisms of protective immunity, and approaches for vaccine development. These include live attenuated vaccines, and “subunit” vaccines, based on DNA, proteins, or virus vectors. In the shorter to medium term, live attenuated vaccines are the most promising and best positioned candidates. Gaps and future research directions are evaluated.
A Preliminary Assessment of HTST Processing on Donkey Milk
Authors: Giribaldi Marzia , Antoniazzi Sara , Gariglio Gian , Coscia Alessandra , Bertino Enrico , Cavallarin Laura
Published: October 2017

Due to increasing attention from consumers on non-bovine milk types, and to the increase in the number of small dairy donkey farms in Italy, farmers require more advanced and reliable processing devices, in order to guarantee a safe product of high quality. To this aim, a new small-scale High-Temperature Short-Time (HTST) pasteurizer (72 °C for 15 s), prototyped by the authors, was tested on donkey milk. The efficacy of the HTST device was tested on raw donkey milk microflora by enumeration of total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Bacillus cereus. The biochemical quality was assessed by determining the protein profile by monodimensional electrophoresis and by measuring lysozyme activity. The HTST apparatus was able to reduce the total bacteria count, and to completely eradicate Enterobacteriaceae. Bacillus cereus, when present, was decreased with low efficiency. Changes in the protein profile were observed in milk pasteurized in accordance with both processes, although HTST seemed to limit casein degradation. Lysozyme activity was not substantially affected in comparison to raw donkey milk. In conclusion, a tailored small-volume HTST device could be safely applied to pasteurize donkey milk in on-farm pasteurization processes on small dairy donkey farms.
Significance of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model (CMADS) of East Asia
Authors: Meng Xianyong , Wang Hao
Published: October 2017

The high degree of spatial variability in climate conditions, and a lack of meteorological data for East Asia, present challenges to conducting surface water research in the context of the hydrological cycle. In addition, East Asia is facing pressure from both water resource scarcity and water pollution. The consequences of water pollution have attracted public concern in recent years. The low frequency and difficulty of monitoring water quality present challenges to understanding the continuous spatial distributions of non-point source pollution mechanisms in East Asia. The China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model (CMADS) was developed to provide high-resolution, high-quality meteorological data for use by the scientific community. Applying CMADS can significantly reduce the meteorological input uncertainty and improve the performance of non-point source pollution models, since water resources and non-point source pollution can be more accurately localised. In addition, researchers can make use of high-resolution time series data from CMADS to conduct spatial- and temporal-scale analyses of meteorological data. This Special Issue, “Application of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model (CMADS) in East Asia”, provides a platform to introduce recent advances in the modelling of water quality and quantity in watersheds using CMADS and hydrological models, and underscores its application to a wide range of topics.
An Integrated Modelling System to Predict Hydrological Processes under Climate and Land-Use/Cover Change Scenarios
Authors: Farjad Babak , Gupta Anil , Razavi Saman , Faramarzi Monireh , Marceau Danielle
Published: October 2017

This study proposes an integrated modeling system consisting of the physically-based MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 model, a cellular automata model, and general circulation models (GCMs) scenarios to investigate the independent and combined effects of future climate and land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes on the hydrology of a river system. The integrated modelling system is applied to the Elbow River watershed in southern Alberta, Canada in conjunction with extreme GCM scenarios and two LULC change scenarios in the 2020s and 2050s. Results reveal that LULC change substantially modifies the river flow regime in the east sub-catchment, where rapid urbanization is occurring. It is also shown that the change in LULC causes an increase in peak flows in both the 2020s and 2050s. The impacts of climate and LULC change on streamflow are positively correlated in winter and spring, which intensifies their influence and leads to a significant rise in streamflow, and, subsequently, increases the vulnerability of the watershed to spring floods. This study highlights the importance of using an integrated modeling approach to investigate both the independent and combined impacts of climate and LULC changes on the future of hydrology to improve our understanding of how watersheds will respond to climate and LULC changes.
Application of Hydrological Model PRMS to Simulate Daily Rainfall Runoff in Zamask-Yingluoxia Subbasin of the Heihe River Basin
Authors: Teng Fei , Huang Wenrui , Cai Yi , Zheng Chunmiao , Zou Songbin
Published: October 2017

The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) has been applied to simulate rainfall runoff in Zamask-Yingluoxia subbasin of the Heihe River Basin in this study. By using observed data in the subbasin, the model has been calibrated by comparing model simulations of daily stream flow to observed data at Yinglouxia station for the period of summer in 2004. Then model verification was conducted by keeping the same model parameters for the simulation of the period from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2006. Results from model verification indicate that the model is able to provide good accuracy of simulations of daily rainfall runoff and river flow at Yinglouxia station, with a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient of 0.90 and the root-mean-square error of 15.7 m3/s. The error of maximum peak flow is 6.9 m3/s (1.8%) and the error of mean flow is 1.4 m3/s (2.5%). Comparing to previous studies, results indicate the improvement of model accuracy in simulations of daily rainfall runoff. The calibrated and verified hydrological model can be used to support flood hazard mitigations and water resource management in the Zamask-Yingluoxia subbasin.
Sunshine Duration Variability in Haihe River Basin, China, during 1966–2015
Authors: Ren Jing , Lei Xiaohui , Zhang Yuhu , Wang Mingna , Xiang Liu
Published: October 2017

Sunshine can have a profound impact on the systematic change in climate elements, such as temperature and wind speed, and in turn affects many aspects of the human society. In recent years, there has been a substantial interest in the variation of sunshine duration due to the dramatic global climate change. Hence, there is a need to better understand the variation of sunshine duration in order to cope with climate change. This study aimed to analyze the variation of sunshine duration in Haihe River basin, China, and its relationship with temperature, wind speed and low-level cloudiness. The annual, seasonal and monthly changes of sunshine duration were analyzed based on the data collected from 33 meteorological stations over the Haihe River basin during 1966–2015. It is evident that the annual, seasonal and monthly sunshine duration shows a decreasing trend over time. In addition, the annual sunshine duration is lower with a higher climate tendency rate in the southern and eastern coastal regions than that in the northwestern regions. It is negatively correlated with temperature (r = −0.50) and low-level cloudiness (r = −0.29), but positively with wind speed (r = 0.61). Wind speed may be one of the important causes of the decrease of sunshine duration in the Haihe River basin during 1966–2015. These changes may have significant implications for the hydrological cycle in the area.
Magnetic properties of optimized cobalt nanospheres grown by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) on cantilever tips
Authors: Sangiao Soraya , Magén César , Mofakhami Darius , de Loubens Grégoire , De Teresa José María
Published: October 2017

In this work, we present a detailed investigation of the magnetic properties of cobalt nanospheres grown on cantilever tips by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID). The cantilevers are extremely soft and the cobalt nanospheres are optimized for magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) experiments, which implies that the cobalt nanospheres must be as small as possible while bearing high saturation magnetization. It was found that the cobalt content and the corresponding saturation magnetization of the nanospheres decrease for nanosphere diameters less than 300 nm. Electron holography measurements show the formation of a magnetic vortex state in remanence, which nicely agrees with magnetic hysteresis loops performed by local magnetometry showing negligible remanent magnetization. As investigated by local magnetometry, optimal behavior for high-resolution MRFM has been found for cobalt nanospheres with a diameter of ≈200 nm, which present atomic cobalt content of ≈83 atom % and saturation magnetization of 106 A/m, around 70% of the bulk value. These results represent the first comprehensive investigation of the magnetic properties of cobalt nanospheres grown by FEBID for application in MRFM.
Preactivation-based chemoselective glycosylations: A powerful strategy for oligosaccharide assembly
Authors: Yang Weizhun , Yang Bo , Ramadan Sherif , Huang Xuefei
Published: October 2017

Most glycosylation reactions are performed by mixing the glycosyl donor and acceptor together followed by the addition of a promoter. While many oligosaccharides have been synthesized successfully using this premixed strategy, extensive protective group manipulation and aglycon adjustment often need to be performed on oligosaccharide intermediates, which lower the overall synthetic efficiency. Preactivation-based glycosylation refers to strategies where the glycosyl donor is activated by a promoter in the absence of an acceptor. The subsequent acceptor addition then leads to the formation of the glycoside product. As donor activation and glycosylation are carried out in two distinct steps, unique chemoselectivities can be obtained. Successful glycosylation can be performed independent of anomeric reactivities of the building blocks. In addition, one-pot protocols have been developed that have enabled multiple-step glycosylations in the same reaction flask without the need for intermediate purification. Complex glycans containing both 1,2-cis and 1,2-trans linkages, branched oligosaccharides, uronic acids, sialic acids, modifications such as sulfate esters and deoxy glycosides have been successfully synthesized. The preactivation-based chemoselective glycosylation is a powerful strategy for oligosaccharide assembly complementing the more traditional premixed method.
Main Elements of H.-G. Gadamer’s Communication Hermeneutics
Authors: Vlăduțescu Ștefan , Negrea Xenia , Voinea Dan Valeriu
Published: October 2017

This study explores the communication articulations of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutics. The research method that was used is a mix between the meta-analytic method, comparative method and hermeneutic method. It starts from the assumption that in order to understand the communication universe, this has to be judged in relation with some pre-determined axes. The corpus of analysis is hermeneutical work of Gadamer. We prove that, founder of the philosophical hermeneutics, Gadamer is also one of the founders of communication hermeneutics. The thetic articulation radiography of the Gadamerian work highlights that activities of hermeneutics inevitably occur within communication; communication includes strong interpretive-hermeneutic flows. Gadamer considers the interpretation as an intrinsic process of communication: no communication can exist without interpretation. The work reveals as main elements of Gadamerian hermeneutic conception of communication: universality of interpretation (of reason, language and understanding), hermeneutical situation (addressing, fusion of horizons), the principle and the canon of interpretation.
From the Guilty City to the Ideas of Alternative Urbanization and Alternative Modernity: Anti-Urbanism as a Border-Zone of City-Philosophy and Cultural Criticism in the Interwar Hungarian Political Thought
Authors: Kovács Gábor
Published: October 2017

The phenomenon of anti-urbanism has accompanied the process of modernisation since the emergence of modernity. The city, the modern metropolis played a vital role in this transition from premodern world to modern era. The metamorphosis of archaic structures, including the fields of economy, society and thinking, are inevitably associated with tensions engendering aversion against the city. Anti-urbanism appeared sporadically everywhere, as a continuous tradition, it emerged at two remote corners of the world: in United States and Germany. Hungarian anti-urbanism of the interwar period had been motivated by the shock of the disintegration of the “Historical Greater Hungary”. The motif of guilty city emerged in the atmosphere of scapegoating: Budapest appeared as incompatible with Hungarian national character. These ruminations about the role of city were embedded in a special context mixing city-philosophy, cultural criticism, German-origin crisis philosophy, political philosophy and national characterology. It was a peculiar mixture in the Central European region: Hungarian interwar thought, from this respect, follows the regional patterns.
The Influence of Heritage Sites as Filming Locations on Tourists’ Decisions to Visit Sites and Their Perceptions of Them. Case Study: Game of Thrones
Authors: Bowyer Emily
Published: October 2017

This paper provides an overview of the authors’ master thesis and addresses the effects of World Heritage Sites and heritage sites which are used as filming locations on visitor perceptions of a site and their decision to visit a site. Film-induced tourism is becoming increasingly popular and it is important to assess its impacts on World Heritage Sites and heritage sites used as locations. The integration of the different aspects of heritage and filming at a site including elements and the communication between all the different parties involved are also addressed. The case study used is the popular television series Game of Thrones focusing on various locations in Northern Ireland and Dubrovnik, Croatia. The paper aims to provide a starting platform for future research on heritage sites used as filming locations and the possible impacts that this may have.
Evidence for Galaxy Dynamics Tracing Background Cosmology Below the de Sitter Scale of Acceleration
Authors: van Putten Maurice H. P. M.
Published: October 2017

Galaxy dynamics probe weak gravity at accelerations below the de Sitter scale of acceleration

, where c is the velocity of light and H is the Hubble parameter. Low- and high-redshift galaxies hereby offer a novel probe of weak gravity in an evolving cosmology, satisfying

/

with matter content

sans tension to H
0 in surveys of the local universe. Galaxy rotation curves show anomalous galaxy dynamics in weak gravity

across a transition radius

in galaxies of mass

, where a

N
is the Newtonian acceleration based on baryonic matter content. We identify this behavior with a holographic origin of inertia from entanglement entropy, which introduces a C
0 onset across

with asymptotic behavior described by a Milgrom parameter satisfying

, where

is a fundamental eigenfrequency of the cosmological horizon. Extending an earlier confrontation with data covering

at redshift

in Lellie et al., the modest anomalous behavior in the Genzel et al. sample at redshifts

is found to be mostly due to clustering

close to the C
0 onset to weak gravity and an increase of up to 65% in a
0.
Uplift, Feedback, and Buoyancy: Radio Lobe Dynamics in NGC 4472
Authors: Gendron-Marsolais M. , Kraft R. P. , Bogdan A. , Hlavacek-Larrondo J. , Forman W. R. , Jones C. , Su Y. , Nulsen P. , Randall S. W. , Roediger E.
Published: October 2017

We present results from deep (380 ks) Chandra observations of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) outburst in the massive early-type galaxy NGC 4472. We detect cavities in the gas coincident with the radio lobes and estimate the eastern and western lobe enthalpy to be

erg and

erg and the average power required to inflate the lobes to be

erg s−1 and

erg s−1, respectively. We also detect enhanced X-ray rims around the radio lobes with sharp surface brightness discontinuities between the shells and the ambient gas. The temperature of the gas in the shells is less than that of the ambient medium, suggesting that they are not AGN-driven shocks but rather gas uplifted from the core by the buoyant rise of the radio bubbles. We estimate the energy required to lift the gas to be up to

erg and

erg for the eastern and western rims, respectively, constituting a significant fraction of the total outburst energy. A more conservative estimate suggests that the gas in the rim was uplifted at a smaller distance, requiring only 20%–25% of this energy. In either case, if a significant fraction of this uplift energy is thermalized via hydrodynamic instabilities or thermal conduction, our results suggest that it could be an important source of heating in cool core clusters and groups. We also find evidence for a central abundance drop in NGC 4472. The iron abundance profile shows that the region along the cavity system has a lower metallicity than the surrounding undisturbed gas, similar to the central region. This also shows that bubbles have lifted low-metallicity gas from the center.
A Three-dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of the Formation of Solar Chromospheric Jets with Twisted Magnetic Field Lines
Authors: Iijima H. , Yokoyama T.
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a three-dimensional simulation of chromospheric jets with twisted magnetic field lines. Detailed treatments of the photospheric radiative transfer and the equations of state allow us to model realistic thermal convection near the solar surface, which excites various MHD waves and produces chromospheric jets in the simulation. A tall chromospheric jet with a maximum height of 10–11 Mm and lifetime of 8–10 minutes is formed above a strong magnetic field concentration. The magnetic field lines are strongly entangled in the chromosphere, which helps the chromospheric jet to be driven by the Lorentz force. The jet exhibits oscillatory motion as a natural consequence of its generation mechanism. We also find that the produced chromospheric jet forms a cluster with a diameter of several Mm with finer strands. These results imply a close relationship between the simulated jet and solar spicules.
The Three-part Structure of a Filament-unrelated Solar Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Song H. Q. , Cheng X. , Chen Y. , Zhang J. , Wang B. , Li L. P. , Li B. , Hu Q. , Li G.
Published: October 2017

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) often exhibit the typical three-part structure in the corona when observed with white-light coronagraphs, i.e., the bright leading front, dark cavity, and bright core, corresponding to a high-low-high density sequence. As CMEs result from eruptions of magnetic flux ropes (MFRs), which can possess either lower (e.g., coronal-cavity MFRs) or higher (e.g., hot-channel MFRs) density compared to their surroundings in the corona, the traditional opinion regards the three-part structure as the manifestations of coronal plasma pileup (high density), coronal-cavity MFR (low density), and filament (high density) contained in the trailing part of MFR, respectively. In this paper, we demonstrate that filament-unrelated CMEs can also exhibit the classical three-part structure. The observations were made from different perspectives through an event that occurred on 2011 October 4. The CME cavity corresponds to the low-density zone between the leading front and the high-density core, and it is obvious in the low corona and gradually becomes fuzzy when propagating outward. The bright core corresponds to a high-density structure that is suggested to be an erupting MFR. The MFR is recorded from both edge-on and face-on perspectives, exhibiting different morphologies that are due to projection effects. We stress that the zone (MFR) with lower (higher) density in comparison to the surroundings can appear as the dark cavity (bright core) when observed through white-light coronagraphs, which is not necessarily the coronal-cavity MFR (erupted filament).
White Dwarf Rotation as a Function of Mass and a Dichotomy of Mode Line Widths: Kepler Observations of 27 Pulsating DA White Dwarfs through K2 Campaign 8
Authors: Hermes J. J. , Gänsicke B. T. , Kawaler Steven D. , Greiss S. , Tremblay P.-E. , Fusillo N. P. Gentile , Raddi R. , Fanale S. M. , Bell Keaton J. , Dennihy E. , Fuchs J. T. , Dunlap B. H. , Clemens J. C. , Montgomery M. H. , Winget D. E. , Chote P. , Marsh T. R. , Redfield S.
Published: October 2017

We present photometry and spectroscopy for 27 pulsating hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarfs (DAVs; a.k.a. ZZ Ceti stars) observed by the Kepler space telescope up to K2 Campaign 8, an extensive compilation of observations with unprecedented duration (>75 days) and duty cycle (>90%). The space-based photometry reveals pulsation properties previously inaccessible to ground-based observations. We observe a sharp dichotomy in oscillation mode line widths at roughly 800 s, such that white dwarf pulsations with periods exceeding 800 s have substantially broader mode line widths, more reminiscent of a damped harmonic oscillator than a heat-driven pulsator. Extended Kepler coverage also permits extensive mode identification: we identify the spherical degree of 87 out of 201 unique radial orders, providing direct constraints of the rotation period for 20 of these 27 DAVs, more than doubling the number of white dwarfs with rotation periods determined via asteroseismology. We also obtain spectroscopy from 4 m-class telescopes for all DAVs with Kepler photometry. Using these homogeneously analyzed spectra, we estimate the overall mass of all 27 DAVs, which allows us to measure white dwarf rotation as a function of mass, constraining the endpoints of angular momentum in low- and intermediate-mass stars. We find that 0.51–0.73 M
⊙ white dwarfs, which evolved from 1.7–3.0 M
⊙ ZAMS progenitors, have a mean rotation period of 35 hr with a standard deviation of 28 hr, with notable exceptions for higher-mass white dwarfs. Finally, we announce an online repository for our Kepler data and follow-up spectroscopy, which we collect at http://k2wd.org.
First Characterization of the Neutral ISM in Two Local Volume Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Bralts-Kelly Lilly , Bulatek Alyssa M. , Chinski Sarah , Ford Robert N. , Gilbonio Hannah E. , Helmel Greta , McGlasson Riley , Mizener Andrew , Cannon John M. , Kaisin Serafim , Karachentsev Igor , Denn Grant
Published: October 2017

We present the first H i spectral-line images of the nearby, star-forming dwarf galaxies UGC 11411 and UGC 8245, acquired as part of the “Observing for University Classes” program with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). These low-resolution images localize the H i gas and reveal the bulk kinematics of each system. Comparing with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) broadband and ground-based Hα imaging, we find that the ongoing star formation in each galaxy is associated with the highest H i mass surface density regions. UGC 8245 has a much lower current star formation rate than UGC 11411, which harbors very high surface brightness Hα emission in the inner disk and diffuse, lower surface brightness nebular gas that extends well beyond the stellar disk as traced by HST. We measure the dynamical masses of each galaxy and find that the halo of UGC 11411 is more than an order of magnitude more massive than the halo of UGC 8245, even though the H i and stellar masses of the sources are similar. We show that UGC 8245 shares similar physical properties with other well-studied low-mass galaxies, while UGC 11411 is more highly dark matter dominated. Both systems have negative peculiar velocities that are associated with a coherent flow of nearby galaxies at high supergalactic latitude.
Simultaneous Observations of p-mode Light Walls and Magnetic Reconnection Ejections above Sunspot Light Bridges
Authors: Hou Yijun , Zhang Jun , Li Ting , Yang Shuhong , Li Xiaohong
Published: October 2017

Recent high-resolution observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph reveal bright wall-shaped structures in active regions (ARs), especially above sunspot light bridges. Their most prominent feature is the bright oscillating front in the 1400/1330 Å channel. These structures are named light walls and are often interpreted to be driven by p-mode waves. Above the light bridge of AR 12222 on 2014 December 06, we observed intermittent ejections superimposed on an oscillating light wall in the 1400 Å passband. At the base location of each ejection, the emission enhancement was detected in the Solar Dynamics Observatory 1600 Å channel. Thus, we suggest that in wall bases (light bridges), in addition to the leaked p-mode waves consistently driving the oscillating light wall, magnetic reconnection could happen intermittently at some locations and eject the heated plasma upward. Similarly, in the second event occurring in AR 12371 on 2015 June 16, a jet was simultaneously detected in addition to the light wall with a wave-shaped bright front above the light bridge. At the footpoint of this jet, lasting brightening was observed, implying magnetic reconnection at the base. We propose that in these events, two mechanisms, p-mode waves and magnetic reconnection, simultaneously play roles in the light bridge, and lead to the distinct kinetic features of the light walls and the ejection-like activities, respectively. To illustrate the two mechanisms and their resulting activities above light bridges, in this study we present a cartoon model.
HIV-1 Viral Load and Resistance in Genital Secretions in Patients Taking Protease-Inhibitor-Based Second-Line Therapy in Africa
Authors: Hoppe Anne , Giuliano Marina , Lugemwa Abbas , Thompson Jennifer A , Floridia Marco , Walker Ann S , Senoga Ismail , Abwola Mary C , Pirillo Maria F , Kityo Cissy M , Arenas-Pinto Alejandro , Paton Nicholas I ,   the EARNEST Trial Team
Published: October 2017

Background

HIV is transmitted primarily through sexual intercourse, and the objective of this study was therefore to assess whether there is occult viral replication and resistance in genital secretions in patients on protease inhibitor (PI)-based second-line therapy.

Methods

HIV-infected adults taking ritonavir-boosted lopinavir with either two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), raltegravir or as monotherapy for 96 weeks, were enrolled at seven clinical sites in Uganda. Viral load (VL) was measured in cervico-vaginal secretions or semen and in a corresponding plasma sample. Genotypic resistance was assessed in genital secretion samples and plasma samples. Results were compared between compartments and with the plasma resistance profile at first-line failure.

Results

Of the 111 participants enrolled (91 female, 20 male), 16 (14%) and 30 (27%) had VL >1,000 and >40 copies/ml, respectively, in plasma; 3 (3%) and 23 (21%) had VL >1,000 copies/ml and >40 copies/ml, respectively, in genital secretions. There was 74% agreement between plasma and genital secretion VL classification above/below 40 copies/ml threshold (kappa-statistic =0.29; P=0.001). RT mutations (both NRTI and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) were detected in genital secretions in four patients (similar profile to corresponding plasma sample at first-line failure) and PI mutations were detected in two (one polymorphism with no impact on resistance; one with high-level PI resistance).

Conclusions

High level (>1,000 copies/ml) viral replication and development of new RT or PI resistance in the genital compartment were rare. The risks of transmission arising from resistance evolution in the genital compartment are likely to be low on PI-based second-line therapy.
Análise envoltória de dados para aprimorar a sistemática de precificação em um restaurante casual dining
Authors: Susin Giovanni , Anzanello Michel J. , Kahmann Alessandro , Schmidt Lucas
Published: October 2017

A intensa competitividade nos mais diversos ramos de atuação incita as empresas a encontrarem soluções para se diferenciar da concorrência e prosperar no mercado. No setor de alimentação a lucratividade se relaciona diretamente com os preços de seus produtos, tornando a precificação importante no planejamento estratégico da empresa. Situado dentro deste cenário, este estudo propõe a utilização da Análise Envoltória de Dados (AED) para o desenvolvimento de uma sistemática de precificação em um restaurante casual dining. Inicialmente foram gerados índices que descrevem a eficiência de cada prato em utilizar os recursos do restaurante. Com base nesses índices, os pratos menos eficientes foram reajustados, tendendo a receber um preço maior. Na sequência, foram simulados cenários de custos pela equipe de precificação do restaurante, avaliando-se assim o impacto da utilização do índice na determinação dos preços. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o método desenvolvido foi eficiente em incluir na sistemática de precificação fatores outros que o custo de ingredientes.
Avaliação das condições de trabalho de agentes de bagagem e operadores de rampa de um Aeroporto Brasileiro
Authors: Dos Santos José Wendel , Monteiro Luciano Fernandes
Published: October 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as condições de trabalho dos agentes de bagagem e operadores de rampa de um aeroporto brasileiro para identificar os fatores de riscos associados às atividades desenvolvidas por esses trabalhadores e propor soluções ergonômicas passíveis de serem realizadas pela empresa. Para este fim, foram realizadas as seguintes medições: da antropometria dos trabalhadores; do aparato instrumental utilizado na atividade de trabalho; da biomecânica utilizada durante a realização das tarefas; e das variáveis ambientais dos postos de trabalho. A avaliação das condições biomecânicas de trabalho foi realizada com o uso do Programa Tridimensional de Predição de Postura e de Força Estática (3DSSPP) e da Equação de Levantamento Revisada (ELR) do National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). A avaliação das condições ambientais de trabalho foi realizada por meio da comparação entre os limites de tolerância estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira e os níveis mensurados nos postos de trabalho. Em relação às condições biomecânicas de trabalho, ficou evidente que a movimentação manual das bagagens e mercadorias com peso acima do recomendado provocou compressões potencialmente danosas à coluna lombar, principalmente dos operadores de rampa. Quanto às condições ambientais de trabalho, os resultados demonstraram que algumas variáveis ambientais estavam fora dos limites de tolerância, em especial a temperatura, iluminação e ruído. De maneira geral, espera-se que os fatores de riscos identificados neste estudo sensibilizem os gestores de forma que as proposições ergonômicas sejam realizadas sistematicamente.
Aplicação de fluxo contínuo como contribuição no aumento da produtividade e diminuição do Lead time de uma Indústria Metalúrgica
Authors: Lima Paulo André Miranda , Loos Mauricio Johnny
Published: October 2017

Muito se fala sobre a baixa produtividade do Brasil em relação a países estrangeiros e, no tocante as organizações, especificamente no setor industrial, esse cenário é bem mais perceptível. Muitas empresas, para conseguirem otimizar seus resultados, recorrem à implantação de ferramentas da Filosofia Lean, a qual busca incessantemente pela redução de desperdícios, e mostra que o envolvimento das pessoas é um dos pontos cruciais do sucesso. Nesse artigo demonstra-se a aplicação de técnicas Lean e seus resultados práticos e efetivos numa linha de manufatura industrial, onde o objetivo é criar um ambiente produtivo favorável a desenvolver o conceito de Fluxo Contínuo, desencadeando como resultado, aumento de produtividade e diminuição do lead time. Os resultados apurados nessa implantação mostraram-se muito exitosos, com grande melhoria ergonômica para os colaboradores, adoção de nova filosofia de trabalho em série, ganhos em produtividade, eliminação de desperdícios, diminuição do tempo de atravessamento do produto pelo fluxo de valor e baixo custo de investimento.
Apresentação física de produtos em projetos de produtos alimentícios: preposição de um processo para a especificação
Authors: Boiko Thays J. Perassoli , Pires Letícia Fernanda Alves , Rezende Fabiane Avanzi , Silva Vander Luiz , Scheffer Rayane Carla
Published: October 2017

O setor de alimentos está cada vez mais competitivo e seus consumidores estão cada vez mais críticos e exigentes. Para obter vantagens competitivas, as empresas precisam estar capacitadas no desenvolvimento de Projetos de Produtos (PP). Entre as tarefas de um PP está a criação de especificações para os atributos do produto. Um atributo muito importante e complexo é a Apresentação Física, que define outros atributos e tem alto impacto mercadológico, logístico (armazenagem e distribuição), na produção e custos do produto. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram investigar o atributo Apresentação Física, e propor um processo para sua especificação em PP alimentícios. O fluxograma, detalhamento e/ou fundamentação de cada etapa e uma exemplificação da aplicação do processo são apresentados. A metodologia de pesquisa é comentada. Na revisão de literatura não foram encontrados trabalhos apresentando processos para a especificação de Apresentação Física. A exemplificação da aplicação do processo apresenta simplicidade e flexibilidade, o que o torna aplicável na especificação de Aprensentação Física em PP realizado em pequenas e médias empresas, e em PP realizados por meio de Engenharia Simultânea. O processo fornece informações necessárias à realização de outras etapas em um PP. Sugere-se a aplicação do processo em outros casos e sua adaptação para a especificação de outros atributos do produto.
O programa PNSS e a mudança institucional no mercado suíno brasileiro
Authors: De Castro Aline Carvalho , Alves Pamela Kamiya , Da cunha Cleyzer Adrian
Published: October 2017

O objetivo geral deste artigo é mostrar como a mudança institucional interfere na melhoria do desempenho do setor suíno brasileiro por meio das Mudanças Institucionais (M.I) em consonância com escopo teórico de North (1990). Sabe-se que o processo deliberado pelas MI implica em novas percepções dos atores econômicos a partir da consequência das suas ações. Desta forma, o artigo expõe como a evolução regulatória do setor brasileiro de suínos, por meio do Programa Nacional de Sanidade dos Suídeos (PNSS), entendida como mudança institucional, na concepção de North (1990), que elevou a posição brasileira de carne no mercado mundial. Por hipótese o trabalho assume que o PNSS é tido como veículo intermediário, no qual os atores moldaram o ambiente, por consequência, a posição competitiva pela redução de custos de transação diante do novo quadro institucional apresentado pela nova regulamentação.
A inserção e uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação para a melhoria do ensino-aprendizagem: uma análise sobre a percepção do gestor de uma ETE do Recife (PE)
Authors: Aires Jussara Danielle Martins , Do Nascimento Maurício Da Silva
Published: October 2017

Este estudo objetiva principalmente mostrar a percepção do gestor de uma Escola Técnica de Referência (ETE), localizada em Recife (PE) com relação à inserção de novas tecnologias no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Utilizou-se uma abordagem exploratória qualitativa, de caráter analítico-descritiva. A coleta dos dados se deu através de entrevista em setembro de 2016. Buscou-se identificar o perfil do gestor, as possibilidades oferecidas para o uso efetivo das TICs em sua gestão e a concepção desse profissional frente aos impactos positivos e negativos da adoção das TICs diante das condições da escola. No geral, os resultados indicam que o uso das TICs é valorizado e acredita-se que elas contibuem para a melhoria do ensino, estimulando a criatividade e ampliando conhecimentos de professores e alunos. Esta pesquisa reforça que o gestor maximiza benefícios, reunindo esforços junto à sua equipe para solucionar problemas, viabilizando condições para tornar a escola um espaço aberto às mudanças.
Análise dos contratos de integração no sistema agroindustrial do frango de corte na mesorregião oeste paranaense sob a ótica da nova economia institucional
Authors: Cielo Ivanete Daga , Freire da Rocha Junior Weimar , Pereira Ribeiro Marcia Carla
Published: October 2017

O presente estudo objetiva analisar à guisa da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI), o sistema de produção agroindustrial de frango de corte na Mesorregião Oeste Paranaense - MROP. Especificamente, busca-se compreender a relação estabelecida pelo contrato de integração firmado entre os avicultores e as agroindústrias de abate e processamento de frango de corte da MROP. O estudo desenvolveu-se a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa e a técnica de pesquisa foi a análise documental. Os principais resultados apontam para a presença de cláusulas análogas entre os modelos contratuais e similaridades nos modi operandi das agroindústrias em relação aos produtores. Identificou-se que essa forma de governança possibilita melhorias na coordenação do SAG avícola e a obtenção de vantagens competitivas aos agentes. Entretanto, constatou-se hiatos na relação estabelecida, o que remete à necessidade de aprimoramentos dos modelos contratuais vigentes a fim de alinhar os interesses estratégicos dos agentes.
O uso dos materiais na prática projetual de Bornancini e Petzold
Authors: Curtis Maria Carmo , O. Brito Thays , L. Perazzo Angela , Kindlein Junior Wilson , Roldo Liane
Published: October 2017

A parceria de Bornancini e Petzold foi pioneira na prática projetual do Rio Grande do Sul. Reconhecida em nível nacional, a abrangência de sua produção também prima pela inovação, sobretudo nos utilitários domésticos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o uso de materiais em produtos desenvolvidos pela parceria no design industrial. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram a revisão bibliográfica em periódicos especializados, a pesquisa aos dados de primeira mão do arquivo particular de Petzold, a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o designer e profissionais da área de projeto de produto que atuaram com os parceiros. Para identificar e analisar os materiais utilizados ao longo de sua trajetória, foi elaborada uma linha de tempo com produtos que resultaram em patentes ou premiações, os quais evidenciam a importância do seu trabalho no contexto brasileiro do design de produto. O artigo concluiu que os designers inovaram no setor de cutelaria, garrafas térmicas e isotérmicos. No caso da cutelaria associando o aço inoxidável ao polipropileno no desenvolvimento de tesouras e talheres em busca de produtos mais leves e de menor custo. E, nas garrafas térmicas e isotérmicos, destaca-se a Rolha Giromagic (1972) em polipropileno injetado. Ao substituir o sistema de abertura de garrafas térmicas existentes, inovou no manejo de abertura do artefato, sendo patenteado em quinze países. O conceito permanece válido para inúmeros produtos do setor.
Lousa digital e ambientes de aprendizagem: o que muda no ensinar e no aprender?
Authors: Morales Leonardo Dos Santos , Gautério Vanda Leci Bueno , Rodrigues Sheyla Costa
Published: October 2017

O artigo apresenta um estudo acerca do uso pedagógico da lousa digital interativa em aulas de Matemática, a partir do olhar de estudantes do 8º ano de uma escola municipal, localizada na cidade do Rio Grande/RS. Para a realização desta pesquisa, a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) foi utilizada como metodologia de análise; o DSC é uma técnica que torna clara uma dada representação social, rompendo com a lógica quantitativo-classificatória. A partir das ideias centrais expressas nas percepções dos estudantes, a construção de um discurso coletivo denominado de “Aprendendo com a lousa digital” foi possível. O estudo mostrou que o uso da lousa digital nas aulas permitiu o desenvolvimento de atividades mais dinâmicas e interativas, e indicou que o ensinar e o aprender se modificaram em decorrência das aulas estarem mais cooperativas, em que os alunos aprenderam ao vivenciar, ao discutir, ao compartilhar ideias e ao estabelecer relações entre a escola e a vida cotidiana.
Valuation of ecosystem services: paradox or Pandora’s box for decision-makers?
Authors: Nijnik Maria , Miller David
Published: October 2017

The valuation of ecosystem services (ES) employs a range of methods. Based on a literature review and selected empirical examples, we consider major opportunities and challenges in ecosystem services valuation. We analyse when different valuation methods are appropriate and most useful. We demonstrate that mechanisms to capture benefits and costs are needed; and that the use of valuation should be incorporated more widely in decision-making. However, we argue that ecosystems are complex systems: neither the ecosystems or the services that they provide are a sum, but are an interrelated system of components. If a component vanishes the whole system may collapse. Therefore, critical natural capital management, in particular, cannot rely on monetary values; whilst the maintanance of the whole system should be considered. Monetary valuation of biodiversity and landscapes is also problematic because of their uniqueness and distinctiveness, a shortage of robust primary valuations, and numerous complexities and uncertainties. We conclude that mixed method and deliberative discourse techniques, as well as proper integration of research tools, should be more widely applied to help decision-makers and the public to understand and assess changes in ES. The approaches developed and tested by us, as presented in this paper, can provide more complete, comprehensive and impartial insights into a range of benefits that humans derive from ecosystems.