bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of patients with pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan and prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant and hypervirulent strains: a retrospective study
Authors: Juan Chih-Han , Fang Shih-Yu , Chou Chia-Hsin , Tsai Tsung-Ying , Lin Yi-Tsung
Published: January 2020

Background

We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP), and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and analyze the antimicrobial resistance and proportion of hypervirluent strains of the microbial isolates.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study on patients with pneumonia caused by K. pneumoniae at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan between January 2014 and December 2016. To analyze the clinical characteristics of these patients, data was extracted from their medical records. K. pneumoniae strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, capsular genotyping and detection of the rmpA and rmpA2 genes to identify hypervirulent strains.

Results

We identified 276 patients with pneumonia caused by K. pneumoniae, of which 68 (24.6%), 74 (26.8%), and 134 (48.6%) presented with CAP, HCAP, and HAP, respectively. The 28-day mortality was highest in the HAP group (39.6%), followed by the HCAP (29.7%) and CAP (27.9%) groups. The HAP group also featured the highest proportion of multi-drug resistant strains (49.3%), followed by the HCAP (36.5%) and CAP groups (10.3%), while the CAP group had the highest proportion of hypervirulent strains (79.4%), followed by the HCAP (55.4%) and HAP groups (41.0%).

Conclusion

Pneumonia caused by K. pneumoniae was associated with a high mortality. Importantly, multi-drug resistant strains were also detected in patients with CAP. Hypervirulent strains were prevalent in all 3 groups of pneumonia patients, even in those with HAP.
Global dynamic spatiotemporal pattern of seasonal influenza since 2009 influenza pandemic
Authors: Xu Zhi-Wei , Li Zhong-Jie , Hu Wen-Biao
Published: January 2020

Background

Understanding the global spatiotemporal pattern of seasonal influenza is essential for influenza control and prevention. Available data on the updated global spatiotemporal pattern of seasonal influenza are scarce. This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal pattern of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic.

Methods

Weekly influenza surveillance data in 86 countries from 2010 to 2017 were obtained from FluNet. First, the proportion of influenza A in total influenza viruses (PA) was calculated. Second, weekly numbers of influenza positive virus (A and B) were divided by the total number of samples processed to get weekly positive rates of influenza A (RWA) and influenza B (RWB). Third, the average positive rates of influenza A (RA) and influenza B (RB) for each country were calculated by averaging RWA, and RWB of 52 weeks. A Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to examine if the year-to-year change in PA in all countries were significant, and a universal kriging method with linear semivariogram model was used to extrapolate RA and RB in all countries.

Results

PA ranged from 0.43 in Zambia to 0.98 in Belarus, and PA in countries with higher income was greater than those countries with lower income. The spatial patterns of high RB were the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia-Pacific region and South America. RWA peaked in early weeks in temperate countries, and the peak of RWB occurred a bit later. There were some temperate countries with non-distinct influenza seasonality (e.g., Mauritius and Maldives) and some tropical/subtropical countries with distinct influenza seasonality (e.g., Chile and South Africa).

Conclusions

Influenza seasonality is not predictable in some temperate countries, and it is distinct in Chile, Argentina and South Africa, implying that the optimal timing for influenza vaccination needs to be chosen with caution in these unpredictable countries.
Oleic acid conjugated polymeric photosensitizer for metastatic cancer targeting in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Lee Sanghee , Na Kun
Published: January 2020

Background

Cancer has been conquered by recent advances in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and their combinations. However, 90 % of cancer patients die due to cancer recurrence or metastasis. Cancer cell change their metabolic properties to metastasize, changing from conventional glycometabolism to fat metabolism. This is because cancer cells are mainly spread through lymphatic system, which responsible for the absorption and transport of fatty acids and fats. Therefore, cancer cells ahead of metastasis specifically absorb fat to produce energy. Using this property, a photodynamic therapeutic agent conjugated with fatty acids (oleic acid, OA) capable of targeting metastatic cancer cells was developed.

Main body

Polymeric photosensitizer conjugated with OA were composed biocompatible polymers (pullulan) and photosensitizers (chlorin e6, Ce6) (OA-Pullulan-Ce6, OPuC). Pullulan consists of various repeated units, and it is possible to maximize the effects of OA and Ce6 by binding several them to one repeated unit. In this study, the interaction and detection potency of OPuC with cancer cells was confirmed using colon, breast, and lung cancer cell lines. In metastatic cancer cell, OPuC exhibited 3.27-fold higher cellular internalization than non-OA conjugated polymer (Pullulan-Ce6, PuC), however, in negative cell, the variation between OPuC and PuC was negligible despite the existence of OA (1.86-fold). OPuC accumulated in cancer cells could generate singlet oxygen under laser irradiation, resulting in cellular apoptosis and necrosis. Hereby, we proved that OA conjugated polymeric photosensitizer will be a potential metastatic cancer targeting photodynamic therapeutic agent.

Conclusion

Cancer cells actively receive OA conjugated polymeric photosensitizers for fat metabolic pathway, compared with normal cells. Therefore, a new type of polymeric photosensitizer using cancer metabolic properties has potency in metastatic cancer therapy.
Introduction to this special section: CO2 in the subsurface
Authors: Nunez-Lopez Vanessa , Chiaramonte Laura , Spikes Kyle T.
Published: January 2020

The topic of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the subsurface relates to enhanced recovery efforts and the fate of CO2 in injection and sequestration scenarios. The papers in this special section address those situations from the perspectives of formation evaluation, injection practices, and time-lapse monitoring. The fields under study in these papers all drastically differ from one another in geologic complexity, so no standard workflow suffices to characterize all of them. These papers paint a good picture of the range of issues associated with the understanding of CO2 in the subsurface.
Amplitude components analysis: Theory and application
Authors: Farfour Mohammed
Published: January 2020

Seismic data are rich in information about subsurface formations and their pore content. This information can be retrieved from the amplitude or frequencies of seismic signals. Spectral decomposition is a seismic interpretation technique that enables interpreters to decompose the broadband of seismic signals into constituent frequencies. Likewise, amplitude components analysis (ACA) is an approach proposed to compute amplitude constituent components as a function of offset. The approach uses amplitude-variation-with-offset approximations to extract amplitude components that compose the amplitudes in stacked sections. ACA can be used to screen seismic data for possible hidden anomalies that may be associated with hydrocarbons. ACA also helps predict seismic responses at angles where data are not recorded or are of poor quality. Because abnormal expressions associated with hydrocarbons can be observed in clastic and carbonate formations, the approach can look for the expressions in both types of reservoir rocks.
Hip MRI findings and outcomes following imaging-guided hip injections
Authors: Pochon Laura , Peterson Cynthia K. , Sutter Reto , Del Grande Filippo , Ulbrich Erika J. , Pfirrmann Christian W.
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To determine if MRI findings prior to intra-articular corticosteroid hip infiltration are related to treatment outcomes.

Methods:

This prospective outcome study with retrospective MRI evaluation includes 100 consecutive patients with MRI within 6 months before a therapeutic intra-articular hip injection. Labrum, bone marrow, acetabular and femoral cartilage abnormalities were assessed by two radiologists blinded to patient outcomes: the proportion reporting "improvement" on the Patient’s Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale at 1 day, 1 week and 1 month follow-up were compared based on MRI findings using χ2. The t-test was used to compare pain change scores with MRI abnormalities.

Results:

Patients with a normal labrum in the posterosuperior quadrant were more likely to report PGIC "improvement" at 1 week compared to labral degeneration (p = 0.048). Significant differences in pain change scores were found at all time points for the labral anteroinferior quadrant (p = 0.001, 1 day; p = 0.010, 1 week; p = 0.034, 1 month) with the highest reduction in patients with labral degeneration. Females were 2.80 times more likely to report clinically relevant "improvement" at 1 day (p = .049) and 2.90 times more likely to report clinically relevant "improvement" at 1 month (p = .045).

Conclusion:

Cartilage defects and marrow abnormalities were not associated with outcomes. Patients with a normal labrum in the posterosuperior quadrant had better outcomes at 1 week. Patients with labral degeneration of the anteroinferior quadrant had higher levels of pain reduction at all time points. Females were significantly more likely to report PGIC "improvement"

Advances in knowledge:

A significant treatment outcome was observed amongst gender, although there were no significant differences in the MRI findings.
First Victims at Last: Disability and Memorial Culture in Holocaust Studies
Authors: Zwick Tamara
Published: January 2020

This essay begins with a Berlin memorial to the victims of National Socialist “euthanasia” killings first unveiled in 2014. The open-air structure was the fourth such major public memorial in the German capital, having followed earlier memorials already established for Jewish victims of Nazi atrocity in 2005, German victims of homosexual persecution in 2008, and Sinti and Roma victims in 2012. Planning for the systematic persecution and extermination of at least 300,000 infants, adolescents, and adults deemed “life unworthy of life” (Lebensunwertes Leben) long preceded and extended beyond the 12-year Nazi period of massacre linked to other victim groups. Yet those constructing collective memory projects in Berlin appear to consider these particular victims as an afterthought, secondary to the other groups. Rather than address the commemorations themselves, this essay addresses the sequence in which they have appeared in order to demonstrate a pattern of first-victimized/last-recognized. I argue that the massacre of Jews, Roma, homosexuals, and others had to come into legal jurisprudence, scholarship, and public memory projects first before the murdered disabled body and its related memorialization could be legitimized as a category of violence important in and of itself. I argue further that the delay is rooted in a shared trans-Atlantic history that has failed to interrogate disability in terms of the social and cultural values that categorize and stigmatize it. Instead, the disabled body has been seen as both a physical embodiment of incapacity and a monolith that defies historicization. An examination of the broader foundation behind delayed study and representation that recognizes the intersection of racism and ableism allows us to reconfigure our analysis of violence and provides fertile ground from which to make connections to contemporary iterations still playing out in the present.
Jewish Doctors’ Challenges in the Death Camps: Ethical Dilemmas? Choiceless Choices? The Human Condition?
Authors: Halpin Ross
Published: January 2020

Most commentators have focused on ethical dilemmas and the idea that they were core to the actions of and decisions by Jewish doctors in SS concentration camps and ghettos during the Holocaust. While I recognize Jewish doctors did face ethical dilemmas, in this article, I shift my attention to include two other significant factors: choiceless choices, defined by the eminent Holocaust historian Lawrence Langer as “crucial decisions [that] did not reflect options between life and death, but between one form of abnormal response and another, both imposed by a situation that was in no way of the victim’s own choosing,”  and the human condition, whereby decisions and actions were triggered by personal traits and past experiences in response to particular situations and circumstances. Inherent in all three factors is the tenaciousness of reality and how the abhorrent conditions, immorality, inhumanity and evilness cast a shadow over every moment of the Jewish doctor’s life. My thesis is that decision-making was not one-dimensional but multi-dimensional. For the Jewish doctor every incident became a source of dread and tragedy. They were often not trained to treat some diseases or perform surgery and lacked experience to work in such conditions and cope emotionally and psychologically. I will attempt to show that how a person responds to an ethical dilemma is based on his or her own experiences and reasoning, and how they reacted to sudden and inexplicable incidents that threatened life or impacted survival induced abnormal actions and decisions. As Jewish doctors they were driven to be healers, to be normal, but they were forced by circumstances to kill or become perpetrators, acting abnormally. Tragically the abnormal became the norm. The Jewish doctors were professionally trained and culturally socialized to continue their roles as doctors. Nevertheless, they were human and were driven by the innate will to live.
Squared peak-to-peak algorithm for the spectral interrogation of short-cavity fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensors
Authors: Chen Haibin , Zhang Yao , Li Yang , Jing Xin , Yuan Suzhe , Zhang Xiongxing , Wang Wei , Liu Rong , Guo Quanmin
Published: January 2020

The cavity length of short-cavity Fabry–Perot (FP) sensors cannot be effectively interrogated using the conventional peak-to-peak method if the spectrum of the exciting source is not wide enough. In this paper, we propose a squared peak-to-peak algorithm for interrogation of short-cavity fiber-optic FP sensors. By squaring the DC-filtered reflection spectrum of an FP sensor in the frequency domain, we produce an additional peak, with which the cavity length of a sensor can be estimated using the same calculations as performed with the conventional peak-to-peak method. For investigation of the feasibility of this technique, we conducted simulations and practical experiments analyzing fiber-optic FP sensors with cavity lengths in the range of 15–25 µm. The maximum error in cavity length estimated using the proposed algorithm in experiments was 0.030 µm.
Ultracompact and ultrabroadband mode division multiplexer based on an Au nanocube array assisted directional coupler
Authors: Mehrabi Kolsoom , Zarifkar Abbas
Published: January 2020

An ultracompact and ultrabroadband two-mode (de)multiplexer based on an asymmetric directional coupler for mode division multiplexing is proposed. The device structure consists of a pair of silicon waveguides with an array of plasmonic Au nanocubes sandwiched in the coupling region. The coupling region length of the directional coupler is decreased to 1 µm for coupling of the fundamental transverse magnetic (TM) mode to the first order mode by excitation of the surface plasmon polaritons. This is the shortest length reported for multiplexing of the TM modes until now, to the best of our knowledge. The proposed mode (de)multiplexer has a low loss of 0.72 dB and low crosstalk of

−

28.3

d
B

at the communication wavelength of 1.55 µm. Also, the 3D finite-difference time-domain simulation results show that a broad bandwidth of 190 nm is realized with crosstalk less than

−

10

d
B

and the insertion loss lower than 1.29 dB. Furthermore, impact of the fabrication tolerances on the performance of the proposed (de)multiplexer is studied in detail.
Unified analysis of coherence property of a Stokes wave generated via a stimulated Raman process in optical fiber
Authors: Mondal Partha , Varshney Shailendra K.
Published: January 2020

We investigate the evolution of coherence property of a noise-seeded Stokes wave in short (

<

1

p
s

) and long pulse (

>

1

p
s

) regimes numerically through a set of coupled nonlinear equations. The simulations include quantum noise by incorporating noise seed in the pump field. The spectral phase fluctuations of the Stokes wave for both regimes are characterized, and the degrees of first-order mutual spectral coherence are calculated for different conditions. Statistical analysis demonstrates the effect of spectral coherence of the Stokes wave in optical fiber on pump power, fiber length, and pump pulse width for short and long pulse regimes. It is observed that the noise-seeded stimulated Raman process causes degradation of spectral coherence with the increase in pump power, fiber length, and pulse width of the pump wave. The degradation of the spectral coherence is manifested by the transition of the Stokes wave from a quasi-coherent to incoherent spectrum.
Linear variable optical attenuators with shaped-finger comb-drive actuators
Authors: Hah Dooyoung
Published: January 2020

A design method is proposed for variable optical attenuators (VOAs), aiming at linear attenuation–voltage characteristics, and verified by finite element analysis. Devices of interest are planar VOAs based on microelectromechanical systems technology, with either a knife-edge shutter or a reflector. The proposed method calculates the shape of the fingers of the comb-drive actuators that are used to move the optical component (shutter or reflector) to change the attenuation level. The calculation is, in effect, tantamount to solving a differential equation that encompasses the optical model of the device, electromechanical behavior of the actuators, and the objective of the design, i.e., linear attenuation–voltage characteristics. The design method is almost all-analytical with minimum usage of numerical analysis. The obtained designs are further examined by three-dimensional finite element analysis to understand their effectiveness and to probe the validity of the approximations used. The best linearity factor (defined as % deviation from the ideal case) obtained is 1.34% for both shutter- and reflection-type devices when the conditions are set as 1-dB insertion loss and 50-dB maximum attenuation.
Camera calibration for anamorphic lenses with three-dimensional targets
Authors: Zhang Jinkai , Wang Xue , Ma Mengmeng , Li Fajia , Liu Haining , Cui Huanyong
Published: January 2020

Anamorphic lenses, with different optical powers along the tangential plane and the sagittal plane, are calibrated in this paper. The imaging model for anamorphic lenses is introduced. Compared with the pinhole model, it has two more intrinsic parameters: the anamorphic distance and the anamorphic angle. The anamorphic lens has two optical centers: one is in the tangential plane and the other is in the sagittal plane. The distance between the two optical centers is the anamorphic distance. The anamorphic angle refers to the angle between the camera coordinates and the pixel coordinates in the CCD plane. Formulas determining the initial value of the anamorphic distance are provided. Two experiments are conducted for the anamorphic lens calibration. As a comparison, the anamorphic lens is calibrated using the anamorphic imaging model and the pinhole model, respectively. The calibration accuracy can be improved remarkably if the anamorphic imaging model is applied, and calibrated results for the anamorphic distance and the anamorphic angle are very stable for different positions of the calibration target, which shows the validity and effectiveness of the anamorphic imaging model for anamorphic lens calibration.
Optical parametric oscillator pumped by a 100-kHz burst-mode Yb-doped fiber laser
Authors: Nagashima Keisuke , Ochi Yoshihiro , Itakura Ryuji
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate an optical parametric oscillator pumped at a repetition rate of 100 kHz by a burst-mode Yb-doped fiber laser. Pulse energies of 1.5 µJ were generated with five 4.8-µJ pump pulses. Pulse-to-pulse fluctuations could be suppressed even when only five pump pulses were used. The measured pulse length was 190 fs, which was considerably shorter than the 350-fs pump pulse length. The burst-mode operation is an easy and powerful way to increase the pulse energies of optical parametric oscillators pumped with femtosecond pulses.
Soliton Maxwell demons and long-tailed statistics in fluctuating optical fields
Authors: Xin Feifei , Di Mei Fabrizio , Falsi Ludovica , Pierangeli Davide , Agranat Aharon J. , DelRe Eugenio
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate experimentally in biased photorefractive crystals that collisions between random-amplitude optical spatial solitons produce long-tailed statistics from input Gaussian fluctuations. The effect is mediated by Raman nonlocal corrections to Kerr self-focusing that turn soliton–soliton interaction into a Maxwell demon for the output wave amplitude.
In-depth investigation and applications of novel silicon photonics microstructures supporting optical vorticity and waveguiding for ultra-narrowband near-infrared perfect absorption
Authors: Avrahamy Roy , Zohar Moshe , Auslender Mark , Milgrom Benny , Hava Shlomo , Shikler Rafi
Published: January 2020

We propose a novel concept of designing silicon photonics metamaterials for perfect near-infrared light absorption. The study’s emphasis is an in-depth investigation of various physical mechanisms behind the

∼
100
%

ultra-narrowband record peak absorptance of the designed structures, comprising an ultrathin silicon absorber. The electromagnetic power transport, described by the Poynting vector, is innovatively explored, which shows combined vortex and crossed-junction two-dimensional waveguide-like flows as outcomes of optical field singularities. These flows, though peculiar for each of the designed structures, turn out to be key factors of the perfect resonant optical absorption. The electromagnetic fields show tight two-dimensional confinement: a sharp vertical confinement of the resonant-cavity type combined with a lateral metasurface supported confinement. The silicon-absorbing layer and its oxide environment are confined between two subwavelength metasurfaces such that the entire design is well compatible with silicon-on-insulator microelectronics. The design concept and its outcomes meet the extensive challenges of ultrathin absorbers for minimum noise and an ultra-narrowband absorptance spectrum, while maintaining an overall very thin structure for planar integration. With these materials and such objectives, the proposed designs seem essential, as standard approaches fail, mainly due to a very low silicon absorption coefficient over the near-infrared range. Tolerance tests for fabrication errors show fair tolerability while maintaining a high absorptance peak, along with a controllable deviation off the central-design wavelength. Various applications are suggested and analyzed, which include but are not limited to: efficient photodetectors for focal plane array and on-chip integrated silicon photonics, high-precision spectroscopic chemical and angular-position sensing, and wavelength-division multiplexing.
Fattening performance and carcass traits of Baladi and Shami-Baladi kids
Authors: Obeidat Mohammad D. , Obeidat Belal S. , Nusairat Basheer , Al-Shareef Rolan
Published: January 2020

Background and Aim: Goat is considered very important ruminant animals that are raised in Jordan; however, the production of the local breeds is low to moderate, and thus, some genetic improvement programs could have a positive effect on the performance of the local breeds. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of crossing Baladi (BB) goat with Shami.

Materials and Methods: A total of 30 newly weaned goat kids (15 BB and 15 Shami-Baladi [SB] kids) were evaluated for growth performance and carcass traits. The trial lasted for 77 days (7 days for adaptation and 70 days for data collection). Feed intake was measured on a daily basis; body weight of kids was measured at the beginning of the study and biweekly thereafter. At the end of the trial, kids were slaughtered to examine carcass traits.

Results: Dry matter intake, initial weight, final weight, and average daily gain (ADG) were not affected by kid's breed type. In addition, breed type of kids showed no significant effect on feed efficiency (feed:gain). Hot and cold carcass weight and dressing percentage were also not affected by kid's breed type. Kid breed type had no significant effect on shoulder, rack, and legs percentages. However, SB kids had a higher loin cut percentage compared to BB kids. In addition, Musculus longissimus depth was higher for SB kids.

Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that crossing SB goat breeds did not have a significant effect on either growth performance or carcass traits. Further studies using reciprocal cross may reveal different results.
THE SYSTEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF LEAF EPIDERMAL MICROMORPHOLOGY OF TEN NEPENTHES SPECIES (NEPENTHACEAE) FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Authors: Ghazalli Mohd Norfaizal , Tamizi Amin Asyraf , Mat Esa Muhamad Ikhwanuddin , Besi Edward Entalai , Nikong Dome , Mohd Nordin Anuar Rasyidi , Zaini Ahmad Zaki
Published: January 2020

GHAZALLI, M. N., TAMIZI, A. A., ESA, M. I. M., BESI, E. E., NIKONG, D., NORDIN, A. R. M. & ZAINI, A. Z. 2019. The systematic significance of leaf epidermal micromorphology of ten Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Reinwardtia 18(2): 81−96. — The pitcher plants of Malaysia belong to the genus Nepenthes and can be found thriving in swampy areas, along the roadside, on hillslopes and in mountainous terrains depending on species and their ecological preferences. In this study, cuticle micromorphology of ten species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) collected from Peninsular Malaysia was intensively studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterise and investigate diagnostic characters of cuticle micromorphology that can be useful in Nepenthes classification. A total of eleven characters from the inner and outer cuticles were enumerated in details and these characters have a value either for infrageneric classification or for diagnostic identification of the species. Characters observed and analysed were related to the epidermal cells, subsidiary cells, stomatal complex i.e type of waxes on both epidermal surfaces, abaxial and adaxial cuticular ornamentation, stomata characteristics, stomata formation, stomata frequency, cuticular ornamentation on stomata, shape of the stomata, stomata size, trichome existence and type of trichomes. Nepenthes ampullaria is clearly distinguished from the other species by markedly different types of tufted and multicellular trichomes of the epidermal cells on both leaf epidermal surfaces. For N. alba, its cuticular feature showed groovy cuticular pattern on the abaxial and adaxial surface, hence, can serve as a diagnostic cuticular pattern for this species. From these findings, the species delimitation based on cuticular features show a clear resolution, however some species might be individually distinct based on the combination of characters examined.
Factores Condicionantes de Las Intenciones Emprendedoras en Estudiantes Universitarios de la Universidad de Guadalajara: el caso de cuvalles
Authors: Velasco Carlos Alberto Santamaria
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la intención emprendedora y un conjunto de variables explicativas (deseabilidad, control interno, normas sociales) según el modelo propuesto por Liñán (2009). Método: Estudio exploratorio y transversal, con dos fases: 1) fase orientada a la validación de los instrumentos a partir de la revisión teórica de la literatura, 2) análisis confirmatorio del modelo teórico a partir de los supuestos teóricos estadísticos (el análisis de validez discriminante, el análisis de normalidad multivariante, la homocedasticidad y los índices de bondad de ajustes del modelo) usados para evaluar la hipótesis del modelo. Originalidad / Relevancia: Si bien el análisis de las intenciones emprendedoras ha sido ampliamente estudiado en la literatura, este estudio permite confirmar la validez de los constructos del modelo en un contexto de economías emergentes. Por ello, la relevancia de sus resultados está vinculada a las implicaciones que esto pudiera tener en los cursos de formación en emprendimiento que se imparten en el colectivo analizado.  Resultados: El principal constructo explicado fue la intención emprendedora. Fue estudiado a través de tres variables: deseabilidad, control percibido y normas sociales. El análisis arrojó que los ítems de cada una de las variables se agrupan conforme a la teoría. Así mismo, los resultados permitieron validar positivamente las hipótesis formuladas sobre el papel de la deseabilidad (H1) y el control percibido (H2) en la predicción de la intención emprendedora. Contribuciones teóricas / metodológicas: La principal contribución metodológica fue la validación del instrumento “Evaluación y Desarrollo del Potencial Emprendedor” (PEUL) fundamentado teóricamente en el modelo de Liñán (2009) utilizando el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales.
Management Information System For Garuda Cooperatives, Sragen
Authors: Panuntun Fahrizal Surya , Yazid Ahmad Subhan , Mustakim Muhammad
Published: January 2020

The need for information in life has transformed into basic needs. As an impact, this will cause problems when not handled properly. The Garuda Cooperative is one of the Employee Cooperatives in Sragen with complex managerial data but its management is still manual. To support its business process, a management information system is needed to handle data quickly and accurately. This study aims to develop a management information system for Garuda Cooperatives. The flow of research used is analysis, design, implementation, testing, and conclusion. System modeling uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) in the form of a use case diagram and statechart diagram. The programming language used is Delphi with PostgreSQL as database management. The information system produced includes processing savings and loan business units, processing membership data and reports. The results of the system testing on 8 respondents showed that the system was running well to meet needs, had an attractive appearance, and was easy to use.
Library Application and Book Return Schedule Reminder using Short Message Service (SMS) at State Vocational School of Jenawi
Authors: Subextyo Ixnu , Yazid Ahmad Subhan , Sugiantoro Bambang
Published: January 2020

The Library of the State Vocational School of Jenawi implements a manual database system where the transaction process is slow and inefficient. The frequent delay in returning books also adds to the problems. This study aims to build a library application that manages library data, including member data, borrowing-returning books data, calculating fines for returning books, and book searches. The method used is SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) which consists of the analysis, design, implementation and testing. The application built with Delphi can manage library data, handle book circulation, and automatically send Short Message Service (SMS) to the borrower as a reminder of the book's return schedule.
Kebutuhan Informasi di Bidang Politik Dewan Perwakilan Cabang Persatuan Tunanetra Indonesia Malang pada Pemilu Serentak 2019
Authors: Dewi Amalia Nurma , Ernaningsih Dwi Novita
Published: January 2020

Pada pemilihan umum 2014 komunitas tunanetra menandatangani petisi untuk abstain karena mereka tidak mendapatkan hak informasi. Tahun 2019 Indonesia mengadakan Pemilu Serentak untuk pertama kalinya. Pemerintah melakukan berbagai usaha untuk meningkatkan aksesbilitas informasi tunanetra dalam pemilu tersebut, tetapi informasi yang diberikan hanya informasi yang menurut pemerintah diperlukan oleh tunanetra. Melihat hal tersebut fokus penelitian ini ada pada analisis kebutuhan informasi  dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan literasi informasi komunitas Pertuni pada pemilu selanjutnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Kebutuhan informasi dilihat dari empat dimensi yaitu function, form, agents dan mechanisms. Pada dimensi function diketahui kebutuhan informasi tentang Pemilu Serentak 2019 muncul karena mereka menyadari peran mereka sebagai warga negara dan sebagai anggota komunitas Pertuni. Pada dimensi function ditemukan ada empat kebutuhan informasi utama yaitu tata cara pemilu, template suara braille, advokasi, dan latar belakang calon legislatif. Dimensi agents berkaitan dengan pihak mana yang berperan sebagai produsen informasi, pencari, dan prosesor. Produsen informasi adalah KPU, pencari informasi adalah Komunitas Pertuni Malang, dan prosesor adalah MCW dan pengurus Pertuni. Dimensi mechanisms berkaitan dengan bagaimana kebutuhan informasi tersebut dipenuhi, yaitu melalui televisi dan melalui komunikasi dengan pengurus pertuni.
ANIMAL-BASED MEASURES: A STEP TOWARDS RIGHTS FOR FARM ANIMALS?
Authors: LUCASSEN SACHA
Published: January 2020

While more than ever we are discussing animal rights and considering the possibility to extend the circle of our moral consideration, we are also more than ever inflicting suffering on more animals than in any time in history. This is especially the case for farm animals. This article aims to demonstrate that introducing animal-based measures into the legal system can be a practical and realistic step towards changing the familiar perspective of farm animals as mere commodities into the sentient beings they are.

Currently, legislation on farm animals builds on what are called resource-based measures. These measures are not based on the animals but on their environment and the conditions in which the animals are living. They are very compatible with the legal system being relatively easy to assess, less subjective and highly repeatable. However, compliance with resource-based measures does not always mean good animal welfare, since these measures are generally considered to be less well correlated to the experiences of the animal.

Animal-based measures, on the other hand, measure the state of the animal based on the actual animal, its behaviour (e.g. repetitive behaviour, human-animal relationship) and/or appearance (posture, facial expression, body condition).

A change where laws on animals actually require looking at the animals has the potential to improve the relationship to the animals and is an essential shift towards farm animals being regarded as someone and not something. By acknowledging animals as whole sentient beings, we do not just see a complex system of ‘behaviours’ (e.g. walking), but first and foremost we see a “behaver”, a dynamic living being, whose movements are always meaningful and psychological expressive.

In conclusion, animal-based measures force us to look at animals and recognize that they are able to feel pain, love, joy, loneliness and fear. Implementing animal-based measures for farm animals makes us, in a practical and realistic way, take those animals that are mostly considered as mere commodities, into our moral consideration, and unveils aspects of their sentience, which are currently hidden by the law.
Hox genes polymorphism depicts developmental disruption of common sole eggs
Authors: Kavouras Menelaos , Malandrakis Emmanouil E. , Danis Theodoros , Blom Ewout , Anastassiadis Konstantinos , Panagiotaki Panagiota , Exadactylos Athanasios
Published: January 2020

In sole aquaculture production, consistency in the quality of produced eggs throughout the year is unpredictable.Hoxgenes have a crucial role in controlling embryonic development and their genetic variation could alter the phenotype dramatically. In teleosts genome duplication led paraloghoxgenes to become diverged. Direct association of polymorphism inhoxa1a,hoxa2a&hoxa2bofSolea soleawith egg viability indicateshoxa2bas a potential genetic marker. High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis was carried out in 52 viable and 61 non-viable eggs collected at 54±6 hours post fertilization (hpf). Allelic and genotypic frequencies of polymorphism were analyzed and results illustrated a significantly increased risk for non-viability for minor alleles and their homozygous genotypes. Haplotype analysis demonstrated a significant recessive effect on the risk of non-viability, by increasing the odds of disrupting embryonic development up to three-fold. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the paralog geneshoxa2aandhoxa2b, are separated distinctly in two clades and presented a significant ω variation, revealing their diverged evolutionary rate.
Asymptomatic mediastinal extra-adrenal paraganglioma as a cause of sudden death: a case Report
Authors: Xu Qiancheng , Cao Yingya , Yin Hongzhen , Wu Rongrong , Yu Tao , Lu Weihua
Published: January 2020

A 23-year-old female patient was referred for treatment of a posterior mediastinal tumour. There was no history of hypertension or headache and no other complaints. The patient’s blood pressure increased to 210/125 mmHg after surgically manipulating the tumour, subsequently reversing to severe hypotension (25/15 mmHg) immediately after the tumour was removed. The life-threatening and irreversible blood pressure drop was difficult to treat with fluid and vasopressors, and the patient ultimately died of cardio-respiratory failure. Asymptomatic paraganglioma can be non-functional but can also be fatal. For any lump in the thoracic cavity, paraganglioma should be ruled out.
A potential reusable fluorescent aptasensor based on magnetic nanoparticles for ochratoxin A analysis
Authors: Qin Pinzhu , Huang Dawei , Xu Zihao , Guan Ying , Bing Yongxin , Yu Ang
Published: January 2020

An aptasensor for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in environmental samples was developed. It displayed high sensitivity and good selectivity. Factors such as specific binding between a FAM (5-carboxyfluorescein)-labeled aptamer (f-RP) and OTA, and a magnetic property of a streptavidin magbeads-modified capture probe (bm-CP) resulted in aptasensor’s linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of OTA. This characteristic is present at the OTA concentration ranges from 0.100 μM to 25.00 μM with a LOD (limit of detection) of 0.0690 μM. The bm-CP can be reused through melting, washing and magnetic separation, which contributes to cost reduction. In addition, the proposed method is simple and detection process is fast. The aptasensor can be used in real samples.
Study of water storage variations at the Pantanal wetlands area from GRACE monthly mass grids
Authors: Pereira Ayelen , Cornero Cecilia , Matos Ana C. O. C. , Pacino M. Cristina , Blitzkow Denizar
Published: January 2020

The continental water storage is significantly in-fluenced by wetlands, which are highly affected by climate change and anthropogenic influences. The Pantanal, located in the Paraguay river basin, is one of the world’s largest and most important wetlands because of the environmental biodiversity that represents.

The satellite gravity mission GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) provided until 2017 time-variable Earth’s gravity field models that reflected the variations due to mass transport processes-like continental water storage changes-which allowed to study environments such as wetlands, at large spatial scales.

The water storage variations for the period 2002-2016, by using monthly land water mass grids of Total Water Storage (TWS) derived from GRACE solutions, were evaluated in the Pantanal area.

The capability of the GRACE mission for monitoring this particular environment is analyzed, and the comparison of the water mass changes with rainfall and hydrometric heights data at different stations distributed over the Pantanal region was carried out. Additionally, the correlation between the TWS and river gauge measurements, and the phase differences for these variables, were also evaluated. Results show two distinct zones: high correlations and low phase shifts at the north, and smaller correlation values and consequently significant phase differences towards the south. This situation is mainly related to the hydrogeological domains of the area.
Crystal structure of bis(μ3-oxido)-bis(μ2–2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoato-κ2O:O′)-bis(2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoato-κO)-oktakis(3-chlorobenzyl-κC)tetratin(IV), C84H52Cl8F16O10Sn4
Authors: Sun Junshan
Published: January 2020

C84H52Cl8F16O10Sn4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.2999(9) Å, b = 14.1471(11) Å, c = 15.2378(12) Å, α = 67.656(1)°, β = 72.115(1)°, γ = 69.730(1)°, V = 2069.9(3) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0284, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0732, T = 293(2) K.
Das hochbegabte Kind zwischen Eliteförderung und Hilfsbedürftigkeit 1978 bis 1985
Authors: Schregel Susanne
Published: January 2020

Vorspann

Im Laufe der konservativen Wende der 1980er Jahre wurde Hochbegabung in der Bundesrepublik zu einem Schlüsselbegriff, um das Verhalten und die Bildungserfahrungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu deuten. Susanne Schregel zeigt, wie sich Debatten um das Wohl und Wehe des hochbegabten Kinds mit Auseinandersetzungen um Elitebildung, Gerechtigkeit und Leistung in der Demokratie verbanden. Sie macht deutlich, wie sich das hochbegabte Kind in einer politisch polarisierten Situation als eine Kippfigur konstituierte, die je nach Wahrnehmung und Betrachtungswinkel ein anderes Motiv ergab: Mit Referenzen der Spitzenbegabung und Elite verhieß das hochbegabte Kind besondere Fähigkeiten, Leistung und Erfolge. Diese Termini der Spitze und der Führung negierte die Figur jedoch sogleich wieder, indem sie in solche der Gefährdung und Hilfe übersetzt wurden. Durch ihre inneren Ambiguitäten erweist sich die Figur des hochbegabten Kindes damit als symptomatisch für die Widersprüche einer Gesellschaft, die in Abwendung von bildungspolitischen Leitlinien der 1970er Jahre individuelle Auslese und Spitzenförderung zu betonen begann, ohne jedoch das Versprechen der Gleichheit ausdrücklich aufgeben zu wollen.
ПРОБЛЕМИ УЗГОДЖЕННЯ МИТНОЇ ВАРТОСТІ ТОВАРІВ ТА ТРАНСФЕРТНОЇ ЦІНИ У ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНИХ КОНТРОЛЬОВАНИХ ОПЕРАЦІЯХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Pryimak I.I. , Kmit V.M. , Hryshchyshyn Y.V.
Published: January 2020

В умовах інтегрування національної економіки в світовий економічний простір суттєво зростають обсяги зовнішньоекономічних операції, більшість з яких здійснюється між пов’язаними підприємствами. Такі операції одночасно є об’єктом митного контролю щодо повноти та своєчасності сплати митних платежів, а також – податкового контролю щодо дотримання принципу “витягнутої руки” для цілей нарахування та сплати податку на прибуток. Через неузгодженість методики визначення трансфертної ціни та митної вартості товарів, ціна одних і тих самих операцій може істотно відрізнятися, що створює суттєві ризики і для платників податків, і для бюджету. Мета статті – оцінка методологічних відмінностей визначення митної вартості товарів та трансфертної ціни в зовнішньоекономічних контрольованих операціях українських підприємств та розроблення пропозицій щодо їхнього узгодження задля забезпечення справедливого оподаткування та стабільних надходжень до бюджету. У статті використано сукупність методів і прийомів наукового пізнання, зокрема, метод логічного узагальнення, системний аналіз і синтез, а також групування і порівняння. В роботі проаналізовано основні міжнародні та українські нормативні акти, що регулюють порядок визначення митної вартості імпортованих товарів та ціни контрольованих операцій. Проведено порівняння методів оцінки митної вартості товарів та трансфертного ціноутворення, зроблено висновки щодо можливості їхнього узгодження. Попри відмінності між податковим та митним контролем за здійсненням зовнішньоекономічних контрольованих операцій обґрунтовано необхідність співпраці митних та податкових служб задля оптимізації їхньої роботи у цій сфері та досягнення справедливого оподаткування. Доведено, що важливим інструментом узгодження трансфертних цін та митної вартості імпортованих товарів є договір про узгодження ціноутворення в контрольованих операціях. Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає в подальшому розвитку напрямів узгодження митної вартості імпортованих товарів та трансфертної ціни у зовнішньоекономічних контрольованих операціях. Практична значущість запропонованих підходів до узгодження митної вартості товарів та трансфертних цін дасть змогу підприємствам оптимізувати витрати пов’язані з підготовкою документації про зовнішньоекономічні контрольовані операції з одного боку та підвищити ефективність роботи митної та податкової служб у цій сфері.
СТРАТЕГІЧНІ РІШЕННЯ ДЛЯ ПЛАНУВАННЯ РЕКЛАМИ
Authors: Ryzhyi I.B. , Hovera O.I.
Published: January 2020

В роботі розглянуті важливі питання планування реклами в сучасних умовах. Зокрема, проаналізована категорія непостійних споживачів конкретної торгової марки. Зазначено, що це - крайня зона цільової аудиторії. Покупці цієї групи споживають товари як досліджуваної торгівельної марки, так і товари конкуруючих марок. Якщо збільшити частоту покупок з боку цих споживачів, то можна наростити обсяг збуту продукції.Обґрунтовано, що для визначення збутового потенціалу кожного з виділених типів споживачів необхідно знати їх рівень обізнаності про товарну категорію, ставлення до неї і до конкретної торгівельної марки, можливі види поведінки при купівлі товарів. З цією метою досліджується категорія профілю як узагальненого опису особистості та стилю життя типового представника цільової аудиторії.Виокремлено поняття рекламного важеля як відношення очікуваного зростання продажів у вартісному вимірі до кошторису заходів з реклами, що можуть спричинити таке зростання. Стверджується, що на рекламний важіль впливає життєвий цикл того чи іншого товару. Показано, що для нових покупців характерним є зменшення рекламного важеля відповідно до послідовної зміни етапів життєвого циклу товару. Це відбувається у зв’язку з тим, що витрати на переконання споживачів спробувати новий для них товар є достатньо високими, хоча цей тип споживачів має високий збутовий потенціал.Визначені основні підходи до аналізу цільової аудиторії, обгрунтовані методи роботи з непостійними споживачами товару, аналізується поняття рекламного важеля. На основі матриці Россітера – Персі запропоновані стратегічні прийоми для формування ставлення споживачів до торгової марки.Запропонована низка стратегічних підходів до планування реклами, пов’язаних з формуванням мотивації споживача, особливостями сприйняття ними інформації про основні переваги товару, які подаються в рекламі.В статті окреслено, що для визначення збутового потенціалу кожного з типів споживачів, а саме: новий користувач товарної категорії, споживач лояльний до конкретної торгової марки, непостійний споживач торгової марки, непостійний споживач інших торгових марок, споживач лояльний до інших торгових марок необхідно знати їх рівень обізнаності про товарну категорію, ставлення до неї і до конкретної торгової марки, можливі види поведінки при купівлі товарів. Саме тому, цільова аудиторія повинна бути охарактеризована з точки зору демографічних, географічних, психографічних профілів.Авторами статті стверджується, що для прийняття більш обґрунтованих стратегічних рішень при виборі засобів реклами в процесі її планування бажано підключати творчий персонал. Якщо творчі та медіа рішення будуть прийматися професійною командою, то й ефективність рекламних зусиль буде вищою.Також автори статті відмічають, що географічний чинник в значній мірі ускладнює роботу фахівців з планування реклами. Адже у різних географічних зонах переваги споживачів відрізняються, навіть в одному регіоні може спостерігатися різне ставлення до торгових марок, засобів реклами. Саме ці особливості необхідно враховувати при розробці рекламного плану.