bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Mobile Messaging: From SMS to RCS and Beyond
Authors: - Aditi Ranjit Kumar Verma
Published: November 2024

This study examines the evolution of mobile messaging technologies, tracing the progression from short message service to rich communication services and evaluating the potential of RCS to redefine mobile communication. With the integration of features such as multimedia sharing, read receipts, and interactive functionalities, RCS is positioned to bridge traditional SMS capabilities and modern OTT messaging, offering an enhanced, unified platform directly within mobile carrier infrastructure. Employing a systematic literature review guided by PRISMA standards, we analyzed relevant literature from leading databases to identify the technological, business, and social impacts of RCS adoption. Our comparative analysis addresses RCS’s strengths and limitations relative to SMS, MMS, and popular OTT platforms, focusing on interoperability, regulatory compliance, and data security as key adoption challenges. Additionally, we investigate RCS’s role in advancing business communication through A2P messaging and its potential for conversational commerce, especially when integrated with AI-driven chat-bots and personalized customer engagement tools. Findings reveal that while RCS holds promise for creating a secure, feature-rich messaging ecosystem, overcoming regulatory and technological hurdles is essential for realizing its full potential. This research provides actionable insights for industry stakeholders and highlights strategic pathways for expanding RCS adoption within a rapidly evolving digital landscape.
AI Enable Personalized Assistive Tools to Enhance Education of Disabled Persons and Its Legal Fallacies
Authors: - Bhakiyasri. M
Published: November 2024

The integration of AI-enabled personalized assistive tools in education represents a transformative approach to enhancing learning experiences for disabled persons and children with diverse needs. This abstract explores the potential of these technologies to provide tailored educational support, facilitating engagement and fostering independence. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and adaptive learning environments, these tools can customize content delivery based on individual learning styles, preferences, and abilities.

AI-driven platforms can assist in identifying specific challenges faced by students, offering real-time feedback and adaptive resources that evolve with their progress. Examples include speech recognition software for students with hearing impairments, interactive visual aids for those with cognitive disabilities, and personalized learning pathways that accommodate varying levels of ability. Furthermore, the implementation of these tools promotes inclusivity in educational settings, allowing all learners to participate meaningfully.

This abstract highlight the need for collaboration between educators, technologists, and policymakers to ensure the effective design and deployment of AI assistive technologies. By prioritizing accessibility and user-centric design, these innovations can significantly enhance educational outcomes, empower disabled individuals, and cultivate a more equitable learning environment.
Christian Education Strategy through Nationalistic Theogogy to Reach Multicultural Society
Authors: - Eva Saryati Panggabean , - Juaniva Sidharta
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on nationalistic theogogy, which aims to strengthen the faith of religious believers based on a national perspective. It ensures that the Christian faith is understood and lived within a national context without losing its identity in Christ. Nationalistic theogogy is defined as a strategy in Christian religious education aimed at addressing the needs of building a peaceful national insight and nurturing diversity in Indonesian society.
A Study on Balance Between Work and Life in the Health Care Sector
Authors: - Shanu Desai , - Manish Sidhpuria
Published: November 2024

The paper discusses about the importance of a doctor's work-life balance and attempts to offer some answers to the current global problem that calls for more stability in the business sector. It also considers the elements that affect work-life balance and the solutions that would allow doctors to relate to each other more broadly and achieve the best possible outcomes and levels of satisfaction in their lives. It improves contentment in both personal and professional spheres. More time is spent at work by doctors than at home. Even though enterprises are reaching new heights, doctors' work-life balance is out of control. An increase in workload will cause doctors' work-life balance to become disrupted. It is imperative that doctors devise plans or methods to deal with the issue and enable them to fully enjoy their lives and their employment. Aspects of striking a balance between work and life are covered in this article.
The Legal Dilemma Of Deepfakes: Ai Liability And The Challenges Of Digital Identity Theft
Authors: - Ganesh Subramanian V , - Swathi S
Published: November 2024

The European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act) defines a "Deep Fake" as an “AI-generated or manipulated image, audio, or video content that mimics existing persons, objects, places, or other entities or events, creating a false appearance of authenticity or truthfulness to viewers.” In other words, Using machine learning algorithms, the bogus videos are transformed into realistic videos. Several AI-related catastrophes, including automated car accidents that resulted in physical injuries, robots causing harm to labourers, AI-assisted online privacy assaults, AI-assisted fraud that involves face, speech, or signature imitations, AI-assisted digital fingerprints falsely classifying innocent people as criminals at airports, and AI-assisted fraud in elections, have made headlines. Cryptographic signing and the hashing of a video into a fingerprint are used to confirm and reconfirm whether a video came from its original source. Many strategies for detecting deepfake videos have been developed over the last decade as a result of the rising threat of these videos. However, the fundamental issue with such procedures is that they are inaccurate and time-consuming. It also brings additional concerns such as misinformation and disinformation. The deep fakes raise concerns regarding digital identity theft. Identity theft, a criminal offence under the laws of most countries, including India, is addressed in the digital context under the Information Technology Act. However, as deepfakes are generated using artificial intelligence, the issue of fixing liability becomes increasingly complex. Commentators have argued that existing legal liability concepts may fail to address future conflicts involving AI systems. The challenge with the current legal system is primarily posed by AI systems that function without human interaction, but also by AI systems that operate with minimal human assistance. The current legal framework does not clearly define whether artificial intelligence can be regarded as a legal person, which complicates the issue of determining the extent of AI liability for the creation and dissemination of deepfakes. This ambiguity presents significant risks to the protection of digital identities, highlighting the need for a thorough review of existing laws to ensure they are adequately equipped to tackle the unique challenges posed by AI-generated content.
Seni Berperang pada Masa Jawa Kuno: Pola Astrologis-Simbolik dalam Naskah Yoga Catur Dewata
Authors: Adhi Pradipta Galang , Made Suparta I
Published: November 2024

Lontar Yoga Catur Dewata (YCD) is a literature in Old Javanese that discusses yoga for starting a war. The art of war is mostly concerned only with war strategy (Griffith 2005; Suryohadiprojo 2008). This study found that the art of war that developed in ancient Java used yoga practices with astrological patterns. YCD manuscripts as research objects are recorded in the FS UI collection with the code AH.58 LT-142 and are now stored in the UI's Library. The text of YCD describes the strategy of war to defeat the enemy personally with astrological-symbolic aspects. It deals with counting days, mantras, yogic practices of the existence of deities in sthana, svaravyanjana-nyasa 'syllabic applause', and animal symbolism. The main formulation of this research problem is how to reveal the narrative of astrological-symbolic patterns and the exposure of the relationship with astrological patterns by the art of war in ancient Java. Research requires philological work to produce text editions from YCD manuscripts. The methods used for data analysis are qualitative descriptive and Pierce's semiotic theory to analyze interpretive signs. The results of this study show that the astrological narrative found in the YCD text is related to warfare strategies in ancient Java. It is a local genius and folk science that developed in the community and is recorded in the YCD text.
Figurative Expressions in Undang-Undang Melaka and Undang-Undang Laut: A Reflection of Malay Intellectual Tradition
Authors: Mohd Noor Norazlina
Published: November 2024

The exploration of figurative expressions aims to identify the conceptual frameworks in traditional Malay texts, specifically focusing on the Undang-Undang Melaka (Laws of Melaka) and the Undang-Undang Laut (Maritime Laws). These legal codes feature a variety of figurative expressions, such as idioms, similes, and metaphors, which serve to clarify legal principles, societal standards, and cultural values of the Malay people at that time. This study aims to examine how the use of figurative expressions contributes to understanding the development of intellectual frameworks of the Malay community. Interdisciplinary methodologies, including historical research and literary analysis are employed to provide a comprehensive view of how figurative expressions contribute to the exploration of intellectual frameworks in traditional Malay manuscripts. The use of figurative language to convey legal and societal norms reflects the intricate thought processes of the Malay community. These linguistic features reveal the Malay intellectual tradition, which intertwines legal, ethical, and cultural elements into a cohesive narrative, highlighting the importance of language in shaping and preserving cultural identity.
Konflik Nilai dalam Syair Tenku Perabu
Authors: Wan Razali Wan Roshazli
Published: November 2024

Karya sastera lahir sebagai wadah yang menyajikan pelbagai pengalaman, pengetahuan dan maklumat yang bersifat didaktik dengan pelbagai fungsi. Satu daripadanya adalah berkaitan konflik yang terdapat dalam Syair Tenku Perabu. Syair ini telah ditulis pada abad ke-19 dan pengarang asalnya tidak diketahui. Penulisan syair adalah berbentuk tantangan dan protes kepada kuasa tertinggi, iaitu Sultan Hussein Muadzam Syah yang menjadi raja di Singapura pada ketika itu. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk membincangkan konflik yang terdapat dalam Syair Tenku Perabu sehingga menimbulkan protes dalam kalangan rakyat bawahan. Bagi memperdalam lagi perbincangan, konsep konflik oleh Abdullah Hassan dan Ainon Mohd dijadikan kerangka utama dalam perbincangan. Menurut Abdullah Hassan dan Ainon (1998), terdapat tiga faktor yang menjadi pencetus kepada konflik, iaitu tingkah laku negatif, kuasa dan perhubungan. Terdapat dua ciri konflik, iaitu konflik isi yang berpusat pada benda, perkara, peristiwa atau orang yang menjadi punca konflik tersebut, dan seterusnya ialah konflik pertalian, iaitu individu tersebut mempunyai pertalian atau perhubungan sama ada suami isteri, anak atau juga ahli keluarga. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa Syair Tenku Perabu merupakan sebuah karya yang sarat dengan unsur konflik dan konsep oleh Abdullah Hassan dan Ainon menepati analisis karya ini.
Impact of teacher implemented activities and free play on preschool children’s physical activity at indoor playground markings
Authors: Boz Menekse , Altunsöz Irmak Hürmeriç , Altınışık Yasin
Published: November 2024

The paper contains two different studies on preschool children’s physical activity at indoor playground markings. Both of these studies are designed as two-factor experiments. Participants were children (N=87, 41 females, 46 males; Mage= 66.4 months) from an urban public preschool. Two main hallways of the school were painted with playground markings. Data were gathered for two consecutive weeks (Week 1 = free play, Week 2 = teacher implemented activities). This forms the instruction type in these studies with two levels (‘no’ = free play time in Week 1, ‘yes’ = teacher implemented activities in Week 2). Physical activity level was assessed using the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time for Preschoolers (SOFIT-P) with five levels (1 = lying down, 2 = sitting, 3 = standing, 4 = walking, and 5 = fast/highly active). Moreover, seven activity types were considered in the study (S = lie down/sit/stand/squat, C = climb/crawl, W = walk/ride, P = push/pull/throw, K = rock/swing, D = dance/jump/skip, and R = run/roll/rough/tumble). R (version 3.6.1) was used for the data analysis in both studies using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The goal of the first study was to evaluate the effects of instruction type and activity levels on the time spent by children during physical activities. The second study aimed to investigate the same outcome in the first study with respect to the instruction type and the activity type. The findings revealed that children spent more time doing high levels of activities at the playground markings when performing teacher implemented activities. The instruction type impacted physical activity levels more than the activity type. Increasing time spent in teacher implemented activities is a key element to encourage children to be more active at indoor playground markings.
Parent engagement in early childhood education: Pandemic period
Authors: Dereli Fatih , Türk-Kurtça Tuğba
Published: November 2024

Parent engagement contributes greatly to the teachers and parents as well as the child. Within the scope of this study, it was aimed to examine the opinions and practices of preschool teachers about parent engagement studies during pandemic period in depth. For this purpose, phenomenology, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. 53 preschool teachers who were determined with the maximum diversity sampling method participated in the study. The study employed a semi-structured interview form. The researchers gathered the study's data through online interviews and one-on-one phone calls with preschool teachers. The audio recordings from the participants' interviews were transcribed, and then inductive and comparative analysis were conducted. As a result of the research, the theme of parent engagement in the pandemic includes the parent as the teacher, activities, engagement problems and strategies to increase engagement. Research findings have shown that parent engagement has become necessary, even mandatory, especially during the pandemic period. Even, in this period, the concept of the parent as a proxy teacher draws attention. This research results showed that the importance of parents' engagement in education and parents' becoming better equipped in the education of their children. At the microsystem level, it is clear that the Ministry of Education should encourage parent engagement. At this time, it appears to be beneficial in terms of both addressing gaps in this area and following up-to-date studies by offering in-service training to teachers on Ministry of Education parent engagement studies. Furthermore, rather than relying on teachers' initiative, the Ministry should make parent engagement works mandatory.
Unpacking early memories: Pre-school teacher candidates’ attitudes towards special needs
Authors: Vezne Rabia , Yıldırım Emel Sardohan
Published: November 2024

The Individuals’ experiences and memories about people with special needs affect their attitudes, behaviours and perceptions towards these individuals in the following years. This study aims to discover pre-school teacher candidates’ early memories about people with special needs and understand the effect of these early memories on teacher candidates’ attitudes towards people with special needs. The convergent parallel design of mixed-method research is used in this study. The researchers used extreme or deviant case sampling of purposeful sampling. 110 teacher candidates at pre-school teaching department of Akdeniz University answered the survey and open-response questions. The survey included the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale toward Persons with Disabilities (MAS) scale developed by Findler et al. (2007) and adopted into Turkish by Yelpaze and Türküm (2018). The quantitative data were imported into the SPSS program to calculate descriptive and inferential statistics. To analyse the attitudes of teacher candidates, mean and standard deviation were conducted. For the qualitative analysis, 10 teacher candidates in the highest and in the lowest (5 participants from each group) on Turkish version of MAS were selected. The data were coded by using NVIVO 10. According to the analysis of qualitative data, pre-school teacher candidates’ memories included positive and negative aspects together; like sadness, fear, astonishment, and helplessness. On the other hand, according to the analysis of quantitative data, teacher candidates’ attitude towards people with special needs were mostly close to negative in affection and behaviour. Therefore, it can be thought that the memories of teacher candidates towards individuals with special needs do not affect their attitudes.
The preschool teachers’ opinion on teaching geometry
Authors: Kesicioğlu Oğuz Serdar , Mart Mehmet
Published: November 2024

Teaching geometry in the early years emerges along with maths activities but might be neglected sometimes. This research aims to identify preschool teachers’ opinions on geometry teaching via using semi-structured interviews, and collected data analysed using content analysis. Seven female and three male preschool teachers were participated in the study, who has BA and MA degrees. The data collected data were analysed by separately with each research as considering the aims of content analysis and had common findings. While the participating teachers considered themselves to have self-efficacy to teach geometry, their sufficiency to teach depends on various factors. In terms of shaped included in preschool education programmes, there is some common knowledge around it. In the case of teaching, some difficulties in teaching various shapes, and teaching in various activities are found, and this is related to used materials in teaching. The prominent finding is the participating teachers’ opinions on children’s geometric thinking levels, and some participants have inadequate knowledge about it, which might be the result of their insufficient undergraduate degree. This is also underlined by teachers as having ineffective modules in their undergraduate in terms of being only theoretical and fundamental information. Thus, it is important to provide some ongoing support for teachers to enhance their knowledge to support teaching geometry.
Parental burnout: Effect of home quarantine during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yoleri Sibel
Published: November 2024

The coronavirus (Covid-19) disease has not only caused health or economic difficulties as an infectious disease but has led to great impacts on individual lives and families. Parenthood may be challenging during the Covid-19 because of short- or long-term home quarantine periods in many countries. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the home quarantine and other variables (such as the number of children, time spent with children) on parental burnout in Turkish parents. A total of 251 parents, who had a child in the preschool period, were included in the study. Personal Information Form and Parental Burnout Inventory, developed by Roskam et al. (2018) of which Turkish validity and reliability studies were conducted by Arıkan et al. (2020), were used as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, and percentages) were used to describe the demographic characteristics of the sample and study variables. And also computed one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test mean differences for categorical variables (i.e., time spent with children, having a number of children) was conducted. This study concluded that the level of burnout increased in the parents with children in preschool in quarantine periods in terms of the number of children at home and the time spent with children. Significantly, burnout means scores of mothers and fathers are close to each other. On the other hand, the mean score of the burnout inventory “I have zero energy for looking after my child(ren) to the development of my child” was found to be high. This study showed that concern about COVID-19 predicted parental burnout. According to the study result, the experts should consider the possibility of parental burnout as they work with parents, and children, understanding that the long-time effects of the pandemic may extend beyond the period of the current period in place orders.
Has The Roles Been Changed? Preschool Children’s Views About Social Gender Roles
Authors: Unlüer Esra , Öncü Elif Çelebi
Published: November 2024

The World is changing very rapidly so did the views, perceptions and roles in gender based activities and responsibilities, new terms such as gender fluency, gender variant, transgender etc. has been seen in latest research and articles. The aim of this study is to reveal the perceptions of children in early childhood on gender roles. To that end, first of all, children's perceptions were scrutinized in view of gender constancy and invariance according to age and gender. Secondly, the perceptions of children were examined in terms of gender-based division of labor and gender-based occupations were examined. Attaining 4 different free preschool institutions in the central district of Kocaeli province 251 children who are 3, 4 and 5 years old participated in the study, all having parental permission. The measurement tools used in the study were developed by the researchers. Firstly, gender specific accessories and toys to be used in relation to gender constancy, the daily routines that people frequently perform and occupations were determined. Twelve different animals were selected to prevent the emergence of gender-based bias in children on daily works and occupations. These animals were matched with the predetermined 6 daily works and 6 occupations and they were depicted in pictures while performing daily works and occupations. In addition, the identified accessories, toys and situations are depicted in black and white to prevent the formation of color wise gender-based bias. According to the findings of the study, it was seen that children in the 3-year-old group had lower gender conservation gains compared to children amongst the other-age groups. It was seen that in all of the three age groups, regardless of their gender, the majority of children expressed gender-based judgmental views about daily routines and occupations.
The effect of the intelligence games preschool program on the math skills of 60-72 month-old children
Authors: Yüzbaşıoğlu Yasemin
Published: November 2024

This study was conducted to examine the effect of the Intelligence Games Preschool Program on the math skills of 60-72 month-old children. In the research, a model with pre-test post-test control group, which is one of the quasi-experimental models, was used. A total of 30 children, 15 of them from the experimental group and 15 of the control group, participated in the study. General Information Form and TEMA 3 Mathematics Ability Test were used as data collection tools in the study. In addition to the Preschool Education Program of the Ministry of National Education, the children constituting the experimental group in the study were included in the Intelligence Games Preschool Program prepared by the General Directorate of Lifelong Learning for 10 weeks, every day and 2 hours a week for a total of 100 hours. The control group was not included in this program and continued with the Ministry of National Education Preschool Education Program. Mann Whitney U test was used for comparison of independent measurements and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used for comparison of related measurements in the analysis. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that intelligence games contribute to children's basic mathematical skills such as counting, comparison, addition and extraction process, matching, rhythmic counting, matching objects and numbers, visual perception and concept of part and whole.
Issues and challenges for the implementation of preschool stream education: What do the preschool teachers say?
Authors: Anna Phang Wai Leng , Chong Meei Chyun , Che Mustafa Mazlina , Mohd Jamil Mohd Ridhuan
Published: November 2024

Preschool STREAM education is a philosophy and guiding principle. It is a way of thinking towards multidisciplinary approach, in which Science, Technology, Reading, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics are integrated in the early childhood programme to provide the young children with a well-rounded education and equipped them with the 21st century skills. In this aspect, preschool teachers’ perceptions towards the implementation of STREAM education are crucial for the sustainability of STREAM education now and then. In this study, the objectives are to investigate preschool teachers’ perceptions towards STREAM implementation, the challenges of implementing STREAM education, as well as to examine the differences between pre-service and in-service teachers’ perspectives towards the implementation of STREAM education. For this study, a quantitative research design was adopted. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey and analysed using SPSS software, which was used to obtain descriptive statistics and perform t-tests. The participants involved 80 preschool teachers (40 pre-service; 40 in-service) in Petaling Jaya, Selangor. A questionnaire of 35-item was used. The result revealed that most participants have positive perceptions towards preschool STREAM education approach. However, the report indicated that there are differences between in-service and pre-service teachers in regards of the challenges in implementing preschool STREAM education. Moreover, the lack of teachers’ expertise and professional training to integrate and implement STREAM learning activities are the main issues and concern of the in-service teachers. These findings suggested that teachers need training with relevant resources and effective materials for easy integration of content teaching and learning to sustain STREAM education as a frame of mind for effective implementation and desired learning outcomes.
Examination of movement skills, geometry and spatial perceptions: Children in the preschool period
Authors: Kılıç Zeynep , Yorulmaz Alper
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study is to determine the movement skills, geometry and spatial perceptions of five-year-old children. The study group consisted of 222 children, 110 girls and 112 boys, who received preschool education in the spring semester of the 2021-2022 academic year in İstanbul, Türkiye. The correlational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the study. The CHAMPS Motor Skills Protocol and the Test for Geometry and Spatial Perceptions were used as data collection instruments. In the data analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-test, Mann Whitney U test and Spearman Brown test was used. It was seen that the average scores of manipulative skills of the children in the scope of fine motor development were higher than the average scores of locomotor skills in the scope of gross motor development. It was determined that the children got the highest score in the field of "recognition of shapes" for their geometry and spatial perceptions. In addition, it was revealed that girls scored higher than boys in recognizing shape, symmetry, mental appearance of shapes and discovering the properties of shapes, and the areas in which children were most successful in recognizing/distinguishing geometric shapes, without gender differences, while the dimension in which they got the lowest score was symmetry. A low negative correlation was determined between movement skills and geometry and spatial perception. It may be conducting longitudinal studies in which the effect of the relationship between movement skills, geometry and spatial perception on individuals' academic achievement or career choices.
An investigation of luna’s science world cartoon according to science course outcomes
Authors: Baysal Emine Akkaş , Ocak İjlal , Evran Selin
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to reveal the relationship between the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th-grade science course outcomes and the first season of the cartoon "Luna's Science World". The document analysis method was used in the study, which was designed with a qualitative research model. The study group of research consisted of fifty cartoons in the first season of Luna's Science World. The content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, it was determined that except for three parts, all the topics covered in the cartoon were related to the science course outcomes. Additionally, it was seen that each of the episodes could be directly related to the outcomes of the Science course. This shows that almost all levels can benefit from the educational feature of this cartoon. From this point of view, as an educational cartoon “Luna’s Science World” can be associated with related disciplines and used actively in learning environments, and their effects can be discussed.
The Influence of Parent-Child Relationship on Internet Addiction of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ab Razak Nor Hamizah , Abd Rahman Norhafisah
Published: November 2024

Children's personalities are mostly shaped by their relationships with their parents. The worldwide Covid-19 outbreak has disturbed everyday routines and put pressure on society, including parents. The pressure parents experience erodes the parent-child bond inadvertently. Children and adolescents are exposed to the usage of devices as a result of the MCO's implementation, which has moved the education sector online. It can result in internet addiction if there is no parental supervision and direction. This study aims to identify the type of parent-child relationship that contributes to the rate of internet addiction among children and adolescents. In addition, this study also examines the relationship between the post-pandemic parent-child relationship on the internet addiction behavior of children and teenagers. A simple random sampling technique is used in this survey study, which has 250 parents of elementary school pupils as its study subject. The parent-child relationship as well as the extent of children's and adolescents' internet addiction were both described using descriptive statistical analysis. The impact of the type of parent-child relationship on children's and adolescents' internet addiction was also examined using regression analysis. The research shows that while most parents view their relationship with their child as close, some also perceive conflict in it. The primary cause of children and adolescents' internet addiction behaviour is this conflict-patterned relationship. This study's implications and suggestions for additional research are also covered.
Temperament: A Grounded Theory Study On The Formatıon Of Temperament
Authors: YALÇIN Vakkas
Published: November 2024

Every baby brings its own temperament with it into the world. Although it is widely accepted by scientists that genetic factors are effective in the formation of temperament, this study aims to examine the possible effects of the pregnancy process on the temperament characteristics of children in line with the experiences of mothers and the role and effects of the father in the pregnancy process and to present a theoretical model explaining this process. The research, which was conducted in the Grounded Theory design, was conducted with a total of 237 mothers consisting of 3 different study groups. The study concluded, important evidence was found that temperament cannot be caused only by biological factors and that the mother's well-being during pregnancy also affects the child's temperament. The study also found that a father supporting the mother during pregnancy (father involvement) was the strongest factor positively influencing the mother's well-being and thus the child's temperament. Based on the research findings, Theoretical Model 1 for temperament formation and Theoretical Model 2 for the father's role in the pregnancy process were presented.
The Mediating Role of Preschoolers’ Reading Attitude on the Relationship Between Physical Literacy Environment and English Phonological Awareness among Private Preschoolers in Johor
Authors: Ling Yeo Chie , Peng Chew Fong , Hutagalung Fonny Dameaty
Published: November 2024

This study examined 374 Malaysian parent-child dyads to explore the mediating role of preschoolers’ reading attitude on the relationship between physical literacy environment and English phonological awareness. Parents provided demographic information and completed a Physical Literacy Environment and Literacy Activities Questionnaire, while children were administered a Phonological Awareness Test and Elementary Reading Attitude Survey. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modelling. Result from the study revealed that there is no relationship between physical literacy environment and reading attitude. Additionally, reading attitude is not the mediator between physical literacy environment and English phonological awareness. These findings suggest that while the physical literacy environment alone may not strongly influence phonological awareness, its impact can be enhanced when combined with factors like parental involvement and effective utilization of resources at home. Parents should be mindful of maintaining an enriching physical literacy environment, including accessible reading materials, appropriate reading spaces, and organized storage for literacy resources.
INVESTIGATING ESL STUDENTS’ USE OF SOCIO-AFFECTIVE STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE SPEAKING MOTIVATION AND SPEECH FLUENCY AT A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Razawi Nurul Amilin , Mohamad Faizah
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This pilot study explores the feasibility of investigating the use of socio-affective strategies by ESL (English as a Second Language) students to enhance their speaking motivation and speech fluency at a public university in Malaysia. It was observed that some students who enrolled in an English oral communication course at a Malaysian public university were struggling with speaking motivation and speech fluency when delivering speeches in class. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a large-scale study on the use of socio-affective strategies and gather preliminary data on students’ perceptions of the use of the strategies in their oral communication classes. A mixed-methods design was employed, involving 32 participants in the quantitative phase and 2 participants in the qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, the findings revealed that students used various socio-affective strategies in the speaking classroom, focusing on teamwork, seeking feedback, and managing emotional states. Gender differences were also discovered in the use of socio-affective strategies in enhancing speaking motivation and speech fluency. Qualitative data further investigated students’ experiences, emphasizing the importance of peer support and self-development strategies. A validated questionnaire and semi-structured interview sheet exhibited high reliability and validity, making them suitable for large-scale studies. This pilot study sets a strong basis for in-depth research in investigating the students’ use of socio-affective strategies in speaking classrooms and offers insights into the theoretical and practical application of ESL pedagogy. 
Keywords: ESL Speaking Motivation; ESL Speech Fluency; ESL Tertiary Education; Socio-affective Strategies; Public University
EVALUATING THE RELIABILITY OF FACTORS IMPACTING PERCEIVED RISK IN MONITORING UNREGISTERED CHILDCARE CENTRES
Authors: Nur Farah Ain Abd Shukor  , Norlaile Salleh Hudin  , Wan Salmuni Wan Mustaffa  , Nur Yuhainis Ab Wahab  , Jingcheng Sun
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Nowadays, childcare plays a crucial role in society, supporting the development and well-being of children while enabling parents to work and contribute to the economy. Prioritizing childcare is essential for fostering healthy child development, supporting families, and promoting economic prosperity. However, poor-quality childcare can have detrimental consequences for children, families, and society as a whole. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire used in exploring an unregistered childcare monitoring model, by examining the impact of customer reviews, interactivity, law, rules and regulations, and technology innovation on perceived risk to assist parents in making less risky childcare decisions. A total of 30 working mothers from across Malaysia who send their children aged 0-4 years to childcare centres are involved in this pilot study. The study data were obtained through a questionnaire survey. The reliability level of this questionnaire is high, with a Cronbach's Alpha value exceeding 0.70. The data collected was analysed using SPSS version 29. A website or mobile app can be developed based on the findings to enable parents and the Department of Social Welfare (DSW) to rate childcare centres quality and interact with other parents. Thus, parents can make more informed decisions by purchasing childcare services with the least perceived risk. Furthermore, innovating unregistered childcare monitoring through a market-based approach can increase public confidence on DSW's capability to govern these illegal activities. The childcare monitoring model also provides a more economical solution that will reduce government spending on hiring childcare centre inspectors, as parents will voluntarily contribute their reviews about suboptimal childcare services.
Keywords: Childcare; Mitoring Model; Unregistered Childcare; Perceived Risk; Customer Review; Interactivity; Law, Rules and Regulation; Technology Innovation
AUDIT COMMITTEE ATTRIBUTES AND EARNINGS QUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM LISTED FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Obeitoh Ozigi Omoyi , Samaila Ishaq  Alhaji , Kantudu Aliyu  Sulaiman
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Information on earnings is an important earnings quality metric in financial reporting. Poor disclosure of such information could lead to poor information asymmetry, which often triggers negative reactions from the market and stakeholders. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between audit committee attributes and earnings quality among listed financial services firms in Nigeria. The study conducts robust regression analysis with 11-year panel data for 41 listed firms. Our findings reveal the effect of audit committee attributes on earnings quality. In specific terms, the findings of the study reveal that audit committee independence, audit committee accounting expertise, the expertise of women on the audit committee, and the audit committee meetings improve earnings quality. The findings of the study confirm the code of corporate governance in Nigeria and agency theory postulations. The study makes some appreciable contributions to the literature by examining gender diversity beyond women’s inclusion on the committee to include expertise, examining audit committee independence from the point of view of the representatives of the shareholders, and earnings quality from a long-term sustainable point of view.
Keywords: Audit Committee Independence; Audit Committee Size; Earnings Predictability; Earnings Smoothen; Shareholders’ Representatives
ACADEMIC STAFFS’ SELF-EFFICACY AND WORK ENGAGEMENT IN NIGERIA PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES: THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF ORGANISATIONAL SUPPORT
Authors: Adnan Ahmed Azrin , Najeemdeen Iliyasu Shiyanbade , Awang Zainudin
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The universities education in the past focused on producing human capital but today due to the changes of globalisation, they need to focus on infusing values and include training that can give advantages to the industry and society at large. Hence, this study examines the effect of self-efficacy on work engagement of academic staffs of public Universities in the North-West of Nigeria, with the moderating effect of perceived organisational supports (POS). The data collected were analysed using CB-SEM (via AMOS software) to test the hypothesize variables, as this software is versatile tools for conducting multivariate analysis in various field. The findings of the study revealed that self-efficacy have significant effect on work engagement of academic staffs of selected public institutions. Furthermore, the mediating effects of POS have significant effect on the relationship between organizational culture and work engagement of academic staffs in Nigeria. This study contribute to the body of knowledge by providing a deep understanding of how the various components of self-efficacy are trigger by POS and work engagement within the context of developing nations like Nigeria. As such, Nigerian authorities and policymakers are concerned about the work engagement of education sector, the findings of this study revealed that the introduction of POS enhance the effect of POS and work engagement of higher education sectors. On the recommendation notes, foreign investors, business practitioners, owners, and managers would find the study's findings extremely useful in identifying important factors that can improve work engagement of higher education institutions in Nigeria.
Keywords: Self-Efficacy; Perceived Organizational Support; Work Engagement; Academic Staffs; Nigeria
The Implications of Practicing Solat on the Morality of Students at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Kompleks Mengabang Telipot
Authors: Tengku Jamil Tengku Nursyahzanani Anis
Published: November 2024

Prayer is the second pillar of Islam after the declaration of the two testimonies of faith and is obligatory for every Muslim. The act of praying serves as a form of communication between a servant and their Creator. This study aims to identify the implications of practicing prayer on the morality of students at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Kompleks Mengabang Telipot by examining the level of knowledge, the practice of obligatory prayers, and the implications for morality. The study employs a survey design and random sampling technique, with data analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods. The respondents consisted of 191 Form Four and Five students from Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Kompleks Mengabang Telipot in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The results of the study indicated that the level of knowledge about prayer was high (Mean=4.37, SD=0.50), the level of practice of obligatory prayers was also high (Mean=4.28, SD=0.41), and the level of the implications of obligatory prayers on morality was equally high (Mean=4.25, SD=0.58). Pearson correlation inferential analysis was used to examine the relationships between the independent variables, revealing significant correlations between them. Therefore, the researcher hopes that the school and parents will continue religious programs to maintain and enhance the level of knowledge and practice of prayers among students, thereby fostering students with noble character.
 
Keywords: Prayer, Knowledge, Practice, Implications, Morality
THE APPLICATION OF MAQASID SHARIAH IN ANTENATAL CARE BY MALE HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS
Authors: Abdul Halim Jheehan , BINTI ISMAIL SITI KHATIJAH
Published: November 2024

The application of maqasid shariah in antenatal care by male nurses is a crucial aspect that integrates Islamic shariah principles with modern medical practices. Maqasid shariah, which includes principles such as the protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property, serves as an important guide to ensure that every interaction and treatment provided by male nurses to female patients aligns with sharia law. This study evaluates how these principles are applied in the context of antenatal care, with particular emphasis on issues such as modesty, protection of dignity, and avoidance of suspicion. Additionally, it discusses the importance of sensitivity to cultural and religious values and ensuring that the care provided meets both medical needs and Islamic ethics. The study aims to provide guidance to male nurses in performing their duties in accordance with maqasid shariah while ensuring the well-being of both the mother and fetus. The findings of the study indicate that the application of maqasid shariah in antenatal care by male practitioners ensures that the treatment provided is in accordance with Islamic principles, protects life and dignity, adheres to the boundaries of modesty and avoids any potential harm while being sensitive to the cultural and religious values of the patient.
Keywords: Application, Maqasid Shariah, Antenatal, Male nurses
Determine Robust Procedure for Testing Variance Equality Using Type l Error Rate and Power
Authors: Adebayo Patrick , Loko Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Comparisons were made between seven of the many procedures used to determine variance homogeneity. The seven tests that have been chosen are the Bartlett's test, the Levene's test (mean), the Levene's test (median), the Levene's test (trimmed mean), the O'brien test, the Cochran test, and the Fligner's test. Data were simulated in order to compare the seven procedures using different distributions (Normal, Beta, and Uniform), sample sizes (5, 10, 50, and 100), equal samples (n_1=n_2=...=n_k), and five (5) levels (i.e., k = 5). The power of the test and type l error rate were used to compare the selected procedures at a significant level of 0.05. The findings demonstrated that the Fligner technique is superior to all other procedures when the dataset is normally distributed, whereas the Bartlett procedure is superior regardless of sample size when the dataset is not normally distributed.
Green Innovation: Kenaf Fiber as a Sustainable Filler in Composites
Authors: Hashim Norazlina
Published: November 2024

Kenaf fiber has recently gained significant attention as a reinforcement in composite materials across various industries due to its excellent mechanical properties, ease of manufacturing, and natural biodegradability. This brief review examines the physical and chemical properties of kenaf. The high cellulose content of kenaf composites enhances their mechanical and thermal properties. Additionally, several previous studies focusing on improving kenaf composites are highlighted. The reinforcement made by using the kenaf fiber shows its potential to replace the glass fiber composite. The review also discusses the applications of kenaf in various industries, as well as the challenges faced by the kenaf industry in Malaysia and globally. Finally, the review addresses the potential and market demand for kenaf fiber and kenaf seed oil.