bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demand and capacity for hip and knee replacements in NHS Wales before the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for future planning
Authors: Royce Robert
Published: August 2024

Background/Aims

Joint replacement services in Wales were particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, but waiting times had been high for several years before this. This study aimed to explore the hip and knee replacement activity in NHS Wales between 2000 and 2019 to indicate whether an existing gap between capacity and demand exacerbated the impact of the pandemic on waiting times.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed using publicly available databases, including the Patient Episode Database Wales and Stats Wales. Data relating to the number of hip and knee replacement operations performed between 2000 and 2019 and average waiting times were extracted and analysed. Data on the number of patients who underwent a hip or knee replacement during the study period after waiting over 36 weeks from referral were obtained by request to the Patient Episode Database Wales. Data were analysed descriptively.

Results

The 36-week referral to treatment target was not achieved for any year during the study period. Activity increased each year from 2000 to 2009, but varied substantially year to year afterwards. Average waiting times were at their lowest in 2009, but rose substantially after this point.

Conclusions

There had been a long-term lack of capacity for hip and knee replacements in NHS Wales for 20 years before 2020, which may have exacerbated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on waiting times for these services. Implementing more nuanced waiting time targets, based on the clinical effectiveness of procedures, may be more appropriate than blanket waiting time guarantees.
Towards environmentally sustainable healthcare: using quality improvement to deliver a net zero NHS
Authors: McAllister Sarah , Brown Juliette , Chitewe Auzewell , Frasquilho Francisco , Hodgkinson Sian , Lomax Paul , Toll Adam , Aurelio Marco , Shah Amar
Published: August 2024

The healthcare industry is a major contributor to climate change globally. There is growing interest in using quality improvement methods to improve the sustainability of healthcare. East London NHS Foundation Trust uses quality improvement as its approach to solving complex problems. This article uses a case study methodology to describe how the trust's programme of sustainability used quality improvement at both systemic and local levels to support the organisation to reduce direct greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2025 and indirect emissions by 40% by 2036. Using quality improvement in a structured way enabled staff and service users to consider their contribution to sustainability and develop, test and measure ideas that were within their control. This led to an organisational reduction in gas emissions of 37% and CO2 emissions by 14% in winter months. At a local level, three case studies showcase the accomplishments of teams who successfully reduced medication waste by 66.2 kg CO2e per year, reduced spending on single-use plastics by 54% and lowered CO2 emissions by 10798 kg per year through the return of walking aids. Supporting structures for the programme included active and visible participation from senior stakeholders, with service users and carers involved at both strategic and operational levels, and tracking data over time. Future work should focus on creating a change package of ideas to serve as a blueprint to scale up these initiatives across the organisation.
SEND reforms get backing but concerns remain over delivery
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: August 2024

Changes to education, health and care plans, new national standards and an overhaul of the tribunal system form the basis of the improvement plan for special educational needs and disabilities services
AN EXPLORATION OF MOVEMENT AND HANDLING BY PHYSIOTHERAPISTS IN A REHABILITATION SETTING: A MOTION ANALYSIS STUDY
Authors: Johnson Katharine , Pavlova Anastasia , Swinton Paul , Cooper Kay
Published: August 2024

Purpose and Background

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) can affect 56–80% of physiotherapists. Patient handling is reported as a significant risk factor for developing WRMSD with the back most frequently injured. Physiotherapists perform therapeutic handling to manually assist and facilitate patients’ movement to aid rehabilitation, which can increase physiotherapists risk of experiencing high forces during patient handling.

Methods and Results

A descriptive cross-sectional study was completed to explore and quantitatively measure the movement of ten physiotherapists during patient handling, over one working day, in a neurological setting. A wearable 3-dimensional motion analysis system, Xsens (Movella, Henderson, NV), was used to measure physiotherapist movement and postures in the ward setting during patient treatment sessions. The resulting joint angles were reported descriptively and compared against a frequently used ergonomic assessment tool, the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA).

Physiotherapists adopted four main positions during patient handling tasks: 1) kneeling; 2) half-kneeling; 3) standing; and 4) sitting. Eight patient handling tasks were identified and described: 1) Lie-to-sit; 2) sit-to-lie; 3) sit-to-stand; facilitation of 4) upper limb; 5) lower limb; 6) trunk; and 7) standing treatments; and 8) walking facilitation. Kneeling and sitting positions demonstrated greater neck extension and greater lumbosacral flexion during treatments which scores highly with the RULA.

Conclusion

This research identified that patient treatment tasks were more often performed in kneeling or sitting positions than standing. Current moving and handling guidance teaches moving and handling in a standing position; loading and stresses experienced by the physiotherapists may differ in sitting or kneeling positions.

Conflicts of interest

None

Sources of funding

None

This work has been presented as a poster at the CSP conference Glasgow 2023.
MENOPAUSE AND PARITY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LUMBAR SPINE CURVATURE
Authors: Saunders F.R. , Parkinson J. , Aspden R.M. , Cootes T. , Gregory J.S.
Published: August 2024

Background

Lateral lumbar spine statistical shape models (SSM) have been used previously to describe associations with osteoarthritis and back pain. However, associations with factors such as osteoporosis, menopause and parity have not been explored.

Methods and Results

A 143-point SSM, describing L1 to the top of L5, was applied to lateral spine iDXA scans from UK Biobank. Associations with self-reported osteoporosis, menopause, parity and back pain and the first 10 modes of variation were examined using adjusted binary logistic regression or linear regression (adjusted for age, height, weight and total spine BMD). We report odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for each standard deviation change in mode.

Complete data were available for 2494 women. Mean age was 61.5 (± 7.4) years. 1369 women reported going through menopause, 96 women self-reported osteoporosis and 339 women reported chronic back pain. 80% of women reported at least 1 live birth.

Lumbar spine shape was not associated with back pain in this cohort. Two modes were associated with menopause (modes 1 & 2), 1 mode with parity (mode 1) and 2 modes with osteoporosis (modes 3 & 5). Mode 1 (43.6% total variation), describing lumbar curvature was positively associated with both menopause [OR 1.15 95% CI 1.00–1.33, p=0.05] and parity [OR 1.058 95% CI 1.03–1.0, p=0.01]. Mode 3, describing decreased vertebral height was positively associated with osteoporosis [OR 1.40 95% CI 1.14–1.73, p=0.001].

Conclusion

Menopause and parity were associated with a curvier lumbar spine and osteoporosis with decreased vertebral height. Shape was not associated with back pain.

No conflicts of interest

 

Sources of funding

Wellcome Trust collaborative award ref 209233
POTENTIAL CAUSAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION AND CHRONIC BACK PAIN: A ONE-SAMPLE MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION STUDY
Authors: Naeini M. Kazemi , Freidin M.B. , Smith I. Granville , Ward S. , Williams F.M.K.
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic back pain (CBP) is a major cause of disability globally and its causes are multifactorial. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are human herpes viruses usually acquired in early life. About 50% and over 90% of the population worldwide have been infected with CMV and EBV, respectively. This study investigated a potential causal relationship between CMV infection and CBP.

Method

UK Biobank participants provided information on CMV seropositivity and CBP status, which were available for both traits in 5,140 participants. We used EBV seropositivity as a negative control to identify confounding and inaccurate causal inference. A one-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) based on independent genetic variants predicting CMV and EBV positivity was conducted in Northern European participants. To validate the association further, the MR study was repeated using a CMV polygenic risk score (PRS).

Results

CMV GWAS revealed 86 independent SNPs having p-value < 2 × 10−4 for the one-sample MR. These SNPs were used to define genetically-predicted categories of CMV infection risk. CMV infection risk categories were significantly associated with CBP (OR = 1.150; 95% CI: 1.005–1.317, p-value = 0.043), findings which were confirmed using the CMV PRS (OR = 1.299; 95% CI: 1.141–1.479, p-value = 0.001). There was no causal association between EBV and CBP (p-value = 0.17).

Conclusion

Our results provide further evidence for a causal relationship between CMV infection and CBP. These results suggest a stratified approach to CBP may be useful, particularly in clinical trials and they shed light on underlying mechanisms in CBP.

Conflicts of interest

No conflicts of interest

Sources of funding

No funding obtained

Acknowledgement

UKBB data were obtained under the project #18219

Some aspects of this work have been previously presented at The Challenge of Chronic Pain: From Genomics to Therapy in UK and first 1st Danish International Conference on Personalised Medicine in Denmark.
MOBILE HEALTH APPS FOR THE SELF-MANAGEMENT OF LOW BACK PAIN: SYSTEMATIC SEARCH IN APP STORES AND CONTENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Zhou T. , Salman D. , McGregor A.H.
Published: August 2024

Purpose and Background

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) recommend self-management for low back pain (LBP). Our recent narrative review on self-management needs revealed a consensus with respect to the critical components of self-management interventions. With mobile health advancements, apps offer innovative support for LBP management. This study aims to identify current apps for the self-management of LBP, assessing them for their quality, intervention content, theoretical approaches, and risk management approaches.

Methods and Results

We identified 69 apps for LBP self-management from a systematic search in the UK iTunes and Google Play stores. The most recommended interventions are muscle stretching (n=51, 73.9%), muscle strengthening (n=42, 60.9%), and core stability exercises (n=32, 46.4%). The average MARS (SD) overall score for the included apps was 2.4 (0.44) out of a possible 5 points, with the engagement and information dimension scoring the lowest at 2.1. In terms of theoretical and risk management approaches, no apps offered a theoretical care model and all failed to specify the age group targeted; only one (1.4%) provided a tailored care approach; 18 (26.1%) included intervention progression; and 11 (15.9%) reported management safety checks.

Conclusion

This study shows that app developers generally select interventions endorsed by CPGs. However, the application of a biopsychosocial care model is not being considered. Most of them are of low quality, lacking theoretical approaches to care and consideration of associated risks. It is essential to involve clinicians and patients in developing LBP self-management apps to improve the quality and related approach.

Conflicts of interest

None

Sources of funding

No funding obtained

This study has been published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth.
MODIFICATION OF SAGITTAL AND CORONAL PROFILE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO PELVIC PARAMETERS TWO YEARS AFTER CORRECTIVE SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS
Authors: Salimi H. , Terai H. , Toyoda H. , Tamai K. , Nakamura H. , Shimada N.
Published: August 2024

Background

Surgical treatment of AIS includes several purposes such as arrest deformity progression through a solid fusion, obtain a permanent correction of the deformity and others.

Objectives

To evaluate the improvement of sagittal spinopelvic parameters and clinical outcomes in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis 2 years after corrective surgery.

Methods

Radiological and clinical data of 134 consecutive scoliosis patients including 11 boys and 124 girls with the average age of 15.37 years, with AIS Lenke 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 were included in this retrospective study with 2-year follow-up. Whole spine anterior/posterior and lateral Xray, CT scan and MRI were taken preoperatively, immediately after surgery, at 3 months and 2 years after corrective surgery.

Radiological parameters were evaluated and compared pre and post operatively.

Result

In coronal plan, significant reduction was observed in main curve, proximal curve and distal curve P<0.001, 2 years after corrective surgery. Meanwhile, the translation of apex vertebra decreased p<0.001. But sagittal profile of the patients did not show obvious changes such as LL, TK. The pelvic parameters indicated that PI was 50.6 degrees, PT was 13.8, SS was 37.0 and TPA was 47.5 degrees preoperatively. Vertebral body height increased dramatically just after surgery and showed further in the last follow up.

Conclusion

The changes in coronal plan was significant 2 years after correction surgery for AIS patients and were not correlated with restoration of sagittal profile

Conflict of interest

None

Sources of funding

None
PHYSIOTHERAPISTS’ VIEWS ON PATIENT HANDLING, WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS, AND THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF TARGETED EXERCISE IN PREPARING FOR OCCUPATIONAL DEMANDS
Authors: Pavlova Anastasia , Cooper Kay , Deane Janet , Hart-Winks Erin , Hemming Rebecca , Johnson Katharine
Published: August 2024

Purpose and background

Nearly 70% of UK physiotherapists experience work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) during their career, with a significant proportion occurring in the back and being attributed to patient handling tasks. Evidence suggests that manual handling training alone is ineffective and interventions among nurses indicate that a tailored approach, including targeted exercise (TE), can reduce WRMSD rates. This study aimed to explore physiotherapists’ perspectives of WRMSDs, patient handling, and the role of TE in reducing WRMSDs among physiotherapists.

Methods and Results

Key informant interviews were conducted with 4 physiotherapy operational leads and 1 manual handling trainer from NHS Grampian. Interviews were transcribed and Framework Analysis was utilised to identify key themes, including challenges, barriers, and facilitators. Following this, two online focus groups were conducted with 7 qualified NHS physiotherapists across the UK. Views of manual handling training varied across specialities, with some finding it comprehensive and adaptable, and others finding it less applicable to patients in their speciality or community setting. Physiotherapist views on fitness for work varied, with some highlighting the necessity of TE to ensure workforce health whilst others considered exercise to be a personal matter. Facilitators to implementation identified by participants were having support from management and a strong justification for the exercise content. Varied work schedules and facilities were identified as barriers to implementation of a work-based TE intervention.

Conclusion

Varying perspectives on TE interventions and barriers to implementation were identified. This work will inform future research to develop TE interventions in consultation with key stakeholders.

Conflicts of Interest

No conflicts of interest

Source of Funding

NHS Endowment Research Grant 22/001
Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) diversity in Kedung Klurak Tourism Area, Mojokerto District, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: UMAMI SISKA , AMALIYAH NASYWA SAYYIDA , FAHLEFI ANIDA REZA , ZUMAR MUHAMMAD RIFQI , ROMZALIS AHMAD ALFIN , WIBISANA OKI RAHMATIRTA , SUSANTO MUHAMAD AZMI DWI
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Umami S, Amaliyah NS, Fahlefi AR, Zumar MR, Romzalis AA, Wibisana OR, Susanto MAD. 2024. Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) diversity in Kedung Klurak Tourist Area, Mojokerto District, East Java, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 8: 27-34. Kedung Klurak is a natural tourism area with very good environmental conditions and is naturally maintained. This study aims to identify and analyze the diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in the Kedung Klurak Tourism Area, Mojokerto District, East Java, Indonesia. The sampling method used in this study was the sweeping net and cruising or transect method. The research location was divided into three locations: the riverbank, pine forest, and bamboo area. The results of this study found 37 species, with a total of 593 individuals belonging to 5 families. The index value of species diversity in the Kedung Klurak Tourism Area is H = 3.313 in the high category. The highest diversity index is at the riverbank location with H = 3.313, followed by pine forest with H = 3.060, and the lowest diversity index is at the bamboo area location with H = 2.811. Several factors affecting differences in butterfly species diversity (Lepidoptera) are their location because they have different environmental conditions and are influenced by the availability of biotic and abiotic factors, food, and host plants. Abiotic factors include light intensity, temperature, and air humidity.
Trying in Many Ways to Persuade: Agency and Local Politics in a Nineteenth-Century Iron Mining Scheme
Authors: Hornibrook Jeff
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Relying on Chinese county gazetteers and contemporary publications by Western engineers working in China, this article examines the methods used by county officials to secure property needed for the Daye iron mine in Hubei Province. It focuses on a young scholar-turned magistrate, Lin Zuo, who grew up around the market city of Shanghai and the political center in Beijing under the dual clouds of imperialism and the Taiping Rebellion. Upon taking office in a remote but mineral-rich county along the Yangzi river, Lin Zuo was deputed to deterritorialize significant parts of the county’s rice fields and mountain farms to facilitate a modern iron ore mine and adjoining railroad that became part of the powerful Hanyeping Coal and Iron Company. To this end, he hired local gentry to coerce or force various landowners to give up lands that were deemed rich in minerals or suited for a proposed train track that skirted the southern face of Tieshan (Iron Mountain). Conversely, commoners utilized ingenious negotiating methods to fight back against the power of the imperial government, which led the county leaders to look elsewhere for properties and in some cases forced the government to pay much higher prices for the tracts they needed most. This article suggests that this significant modernization scheme was brought about in part utilizing the trappings of patronage-led county government policies but that even as it was designed to strengthen the empire, in fact it actually weakened the local community, leaving many landless if not impoverished. It therefore questions recent scholarship that looks more positively at late nineteenth-century industrialization attempts or critically at policies that undermined them.
The Effects of Corruption Tolerance on Support for Democracy: Evidence from Africa
Authors: Toklo Sewordor
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This article contributes to the literature on democracy in Africa, using the concept of “corruption tolerance” to understand the citizenry’s support for democracy. Using data from rounds 3 and 7 of the Afrobarometer in eighteen and thirty-four African countries, respectively, the study contends that those who are used to solving problems through corruption believe they are effective within the current system and that strengthening democratic institutions can shut down the channels through which corrupt people pursue their interests. Therefore, people’s tolerance for corruption is expected to decrease their support for democracy. Empirical models consistently confirm this expectation, highlighting the role of “corruption tolerance” in explaining African citizens’ lack of support for democracy and democratization. This sheds light on the perspective of African studies.
Clinician Note Documentation of Parental Justice Involvement: Preliminary Evidence from Pediatric Electronic Health Records
Authors: Boch Samantha , Omololu Shammah O , Fan Maretta , Murnan Aaron , Kelleher Kelly , Linwood Simon L , Chisolm Deena
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Little is known about clinical documentation for youth exposed to parental justiceinvolvement (e.g., parole, probation, jail, prison). We reviewed the electronic health records of 100 youth with at least one mention of parental incarceration between 2011–2019 from a large Midwestern pediatric hospital-based institution to describe clinical documentation and health characteristics. Within the sample, youth more commonly experienced incarceration of a father-identified figure (68%) as opposed to a mother-identified figure (32%). Seventeen percent (17%) of the youth were between zero and four years of age when clinicians documented exposure to a parent's incarceration. Nearly one-third of youth charts had no documentation regarding service referrals or follow-up from providers upon disclosure of parental incarceration. Few clinician documentation details were present related to the context of parental justice involvement (timing, type, and duration). Future research is needed to better understand the intersection of parental justice involvement and child health and service connection.
Health at Home: Investigating Low-Income Housing Quality on Colfax Avenue
Authors: DeCamp Lisa Ross , Thomas Kisori , Pomponio Raymond , Peterson Ryan , Holguin Fernando , Johnston Kate , Carter Ellison
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Addressing housing insecurity contributes to health care programs as stable housing has positive health benefits. Home environmental hazards may reduce these potential health benefits and could increase morbidity for conditions such as asthma. This study examined housing and indoor air quality among urban low-income households in Colorado to inform housing-insecurity interventions. We conducted a community-engaged study among residents of motels, mobile homes, apartments, and single-family homes that included a survey on the home environment, health, and sociodemographic factors, spirometry, and indoor air quality measurement. We enrolled 60 households: 50% single-family homes, 37% apartments, and 13% residential motels. Perceived stress and depression were higher among motel residents compared with other housing types. We did not find differences in lung function by housing type. Indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon concentrations were higher in motels than in other housing types. The differential health impacts of housing type support housing programs that jointly address security and quality.
Newly and Previously Eligible Medicaid Enrollees Differ, but Not in Health Care Expenditures
Authors: Jacobs Paul D. , Hill Steven C. , Monnet Jessica N.
Published: August 2024

Abstract: In 2014, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded the role of Medicaid by encouraging states to increase eligibility for lower-income adults. As of 2024, 10 states had not adopted the expanded eligibility provisions of the ACA, possibly due to concerns about the state's share of spending. Using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we documented how health care utilization, expenditures, and the overall health status of newly eligible enrollees compare with enrollees who would have been eligible under their states' rules before the ACA. Our estimates suggest that, during 2014–16, newly eligible Medicaid enrollees had worse health and greater utilization and expenditures than previously eligible enrollees. However, during 2017–19, newly and previously eligible enrollees had comparable per capita health expenditures across six types of health spending. We find some evidence that changes in Medicaid enrollment composition muted observed differences between eligibility groups.
Legal Recognition, Protection, and Health: A Socio-legal Framework for Assessing Determinants of Health in the Jamaican Trans Community
Authors: Christie Emme
Published: August 2024

Abstract: In Jamaica and the wider Caribbean, the legal system allows for discrimination based on gender and sexual identity with impunity. This exposes trans people to disparate risks of violence and barriers to accessing social services such as health care. In this paper we assess the social determinants of health in the Jamaican trans population using a modified social-ecological model of transgender stigma and stigma interventions. To conduct this assessment, we situated the findings of the 2021 Jamaican Trans Health Needs Assessment and Trans Health Strategy within the socio-ecological framework with direct application to rights-based health services as well as the Jamaican legal system to develop a model for understanding the socio-legal determinants of health. The social determinants of health identified within the Jamaican trans community are all influenced by a lack of legal protection suggesting a need for legal reform toward nondiscrimination of sexual and gender-diverse populations.
Understanding Perceptions to Improve Intervention: HIV Risk Behavior, Testing and Prep Uptake Among Male African American and Latinx Justice-Involved Young Adults
Authors: Achebe Ikenna Y. , Campos Stephanie , Watkins Jillian , Cadet Techna , Hickson Robert , Jones Alexis , Sirias Taryn , Lee Jacqueline , Kim Jane , Elkington Katherine S.
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Justice-involved young adult (JIYA) men are at high risk for HIV, yet frequently do not access HIV services. A better understanding of testing behaviors and motivation, as well as facilitators and barriers to testing is necessary for treatment-as-prevention approaches to be implemented among JIYA. Seventeen JIYA men and nine staff were recruited from three alternative sentencing programs (ASPs). In-depth interviews and a staff focus group explored HIV risk and testing uptake behaviors. Narratives from JIYA demonstrated a lack of connection among HIV risk and behavior, views on testing, and knowledge of PreP. Youth and staff also disclosed various youth and environmental/structural barriers to HIV testing. The justice system may be a crucial point of intervention to reduce HIV risk and promote HIV testing with interventions targeted to the needs of JIYA.
Home Together: A Multi-Level Community-Based Health Promotion Program Supporting Families Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Montgomery Brooke E.E. , Crone Cindy , Goodwin Ben , Hokans Ruthie , Williams Ashley , Stacker Jaime , Borne' Rachael , Pro George , Martel Isis
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Home Together (HT) is a multi-level multi-component health promotion program, co-led by academic and non-profit partners in Arkansas that sought (1) to improve access to and family acceptance of social services and health care among women experiencing homelessness who have a diagnosed mental health condition and a child younger than six years and (2) to increase service provider capacity to engage with this population. A socioecological perspective was used to detail program components and lessons learned. Home Together enrolled 345 women representing unduplicated families. Of these, 214 completed six-month reassessments and 111 completed discharge assessments. Representative of the area and population served, most self-identified as belonging to racial minorities (87.0%), being younger than 35 years (80.1%), experiencing violence (76%), and being heterosexual (82%). Pre-post testing indicated positive changes for HT families, including improvements in mental health, health care access, and housing. Yet, even the most coordinated comprehensive programs are no substitute for policy-level changes that help families reach stability.
Exploring Monoracial/Ethnic and Multiracial/Ethnic Classification in the Context of Mental Health Among High School Students
Authors: Jones Sherry Everett , McKinnon Izraelle I. , Krause Kathleen H. , Mpofu Jonetta J. , Li Jingjing
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Objectives. To explore the prevalence of Multiracial/ethnic identity and its association with mental health among high school students. Methods. The 2021 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N=17,232) data were used. Respondents were classified as monoracial/ethnic or Multiracial/ethnic. Results. Overall, 21.5% of students were Multiracial/ethnic. Multiracial/ethnic status was most prevalent among students who identify as American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and Hispanic or Latino. Logistic regression models showed Multiracial/ethnic classification was associated with persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness among students identifying as American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black, and White. Multiracial/ethnic Asian students had significantly higher odds of all four indicators of poor mental health compared with monoracial/ethnic Asian students. Conclusion. Multiracial/ethnic students constitute a heterogenous group. This study found important subgroup differences in indicators of mental health that might be missed when Multiracial/ethnic groups are considered in aggregate.
Association between Caregiver-perceived Health Care Provider Cultural Sensitivity and Child Health Status in the National Survey of Children's Health: 2016–2020
Authors: Chase-Begay Damian M. , Adam Claire E. , Williams Elizabeth , Semmens Erin
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Objectives. To examine the association between caregiver-perceived cultural sensitivity of health care providers and child health status in the United States. Methods. We analyzed National Survey of Children's Health data (n = 145,226) from 2016–2020. Using logistic regression, we determined odds of reporting a better health status by level of caregiver-perceived provider cultural sensitivity while controlling for potential confounders. Results. Children with providers perceived as more culturally sensitive by their caregivers had 2.38 times the odds (95% confidence interval: 1.73, 3.28) of enjoying a better caregiver-assessed health status compared with children whose providers were perceived as less culturally sensitive. Caregivers of BIPOC children in our sample were 1.99 times more likely (95% CI: 1.89, 2.10) to report their provider as only sometimes or never culturally sensitive. Conclusions. Cultural sensitivity of health care providers, as perceived by caregivers, was associated with caregiver-assessed child health status in our study. This association remained significant when controlling for various sociodemographic variables. Our findings highlight the need for more research around the potential positive impact that improving provider cultural sensitivity could have on the health of children who are Black, Indigenous, or other People of Color (BIPOC).
Emergency Medical Retrieval Services in Remote Indigenous Islands: Experiences in Lanyu, Taiwan
Authors: Pan Shih-Tien , Lee Ying-Li , Cheng Hung-Hsi , Huang Ching-Wei , Chu Shih-Yueh , Cheng Li-Mei , Chu Feng-Yaun , O'Donnell Felice Tien , Lin Chih-Hao
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Emergency medical retrieval services (EMRS) in remote Indigenous islands is rarely investigated. We analyzed the characteristics of patients who underwent EMRS in Lanyu, an offshore island of Taiwan, from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021. The need for EMRS for Lanyu Indigenous residents (N=132, 3.83‰) was almost 1.5-fold and 100-fold for non-Indigenous residents (N=16, 2.64‰) and tourists (N=40, 0.04‰), respectively. The resident group had a longer hospitalization (12.0 ± 12.9 vs. 5.9 ± 11.7 days, p=.007). The tourist group had more near-drowning or decompression sickness (44.0% vs. 3.0%, p<.001) and secondary transfers (20.0% vs. 5.4%, p=.003). All the patients (N=12) that required multiple retrievals were Lanyu Indigenous residents. The Lanyu Indigenous residents, compared with the non-Indigenous residents, had fewer admissions to intensive care units (47.7% vs. 80.0%) and more in-hospital mortalities (10.6% vs. 0.0%). Multifaceted approaches should be initiated to improve the health care system in remote Indigenous islands.
Breaking Barriers to Visual Care: Ophthalmology Nights at a Free Clinic
Authors: Adu Yaw , Onuoha Michelle , Govindan Adithi , Avila Faith , Freedman Kenn , Bennett Kelly , Prabhu Fiona
Published: August 2024

Summary: This report from the field provides an overview of Ophthalmology Nights at the Free Clinic at Lubbock Impact, highlighting its challenges and its usefulness in combating disparities in visual care accessibility for our high-risk population.
Impact of pupil size and corneal spherical aberrations on the performance of monofocal intraocular lenses: an experimental model
Authors: Stern Benjamin , Gatinel Damien
Published: August 2024

In this study, an in vitro comparison of the optical performances of three models (spherical, aberration-neutral, and aberration-correcting) of monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) is proposed. A comprehensive model is employed, encompassing a wide range of corneal models and aperture sizes, reflecting the high variability of corneal spherical aberrations (SA) and pupil sizes in both normal and postoperative refractive corneal surgery populations. Analysis of average through-focus modulation transfer function (MTF) curves reveals significant differences in optical performance attributable to pupil size and corneal SA. These differences depend on the IOL model and affects MTFmax (representing contrast at best focus), depth of focus, refractive error tolerance, and the effective power of the lens.
Multi-spectral reflection matrix for 3D label-free microscopic imaging
Authors: Barolle Victor , Balondrade Paul , Guigui Nicolas , Boccara Claude , Fink Mathias , Aubry Alexandre
Published: August 2024

Label-free microscopy uses light scattering to obtain a tri-dimensional image of biological tissues but light undergoes aberrations and multiple scattering. We present a multi-spectral matrix approach to solve these problems in the most efficient way known today.
Computational segmentation of nuclei and vacuoles based on statistical inference for tomographic phase microscopy in flow cytometry
Authors: Pirone Daniele , Bianco Vittorio , D’Agostino Massimo , Lim Joowon , Giugliano Giusy , Merola Francesco , Mugnano Martina , Cimmino Flora , Visconte Feliciano , Montella Annalaura , Capasso Mario , Iolascon Achille , Mosca Nicola , Di Summa Maria , Russo Tommaso , Stella Ettore , Miccio Lisa , Memmolo Pasquale , Psaltis Demetri , Ferraro Pietro
Published: August 2024

Identifying intracellular organelles within the 3D label-free tomograms of cells’ refractive indexes recorded in flow cytometry is challenging. Here we present a method for the 3D statistical segmentation of nuclei and vacuoles in flowing cells.
Morphological imaging of 3D cultured kidney mesangial cells using gradient light interference microscopy
Authors: Butola Ankit , Ghosh Biswajoy , Park Jaena , Kwon Minsung , De la Cadena Alejandro , Mukherjee Sudipta , Bhargava Rohit , Boppart Stephen A , Agarwal Krishna
Published: August 2024

We present a gradient light interference microscopy system to visualize 3D quantitative imaging of kidney mesangial cells. We used the system to obtain the morphology of 3D cultured kidney cells of thickness 200 µm.
Automation of Gram stain imaging with multispectral in-line holography
Authors: Brault Dylan , Olivier Thomas , Soulez Ferréol , Fournier Corinne
Published: August 2024

We propose an approach to automate stained micro-biological samples imaging using multispectral in-line holography. The approach is based on a self-calibrated regularized inverse problems reconstruction.
Young’s interference hologram generated with a spatial light modulator for nanophotonic sensor
Authors: Berguiga Lotfi , Girerd Théo , Mandorlo Fabien , Jamois Cécile , Benyattou Taha , Ferrier Lydie
Published: August 2024

A new method of phase interrogation of photonic sensors is proposed. The method relies on the Young’s interference experiment generated by holography with a DMD. Phase variations have been measured for photonic crystal temperature sensor.
Rapid and Quantitative Formation of a Free-standing Liquid Film based on Digital Holographic Monitoring
Authors: Ferraro Vincenzo , Wang Zhe , Coppola Sara , Di Maio Ernesto , Maffettone Pier Luca
Published: August 2024

The inherent properties of digital holography allow to preform real-time quantitative thickness mapping of thin liquid films. A rapid thin film formation strategy based on stretching the liquid film and holographic monitoring is proposed.
Reconstructing the surface curvature of a spatial light modulator using speckle illumination
Authors: Maathuis Kira , Mosk Allard P.
Published: August 2024

We present a method to reconstruct the surface curvature of a spatial light modulator, based on speckle illumination and an automatic differentiation based reconstruction.
Information Security using the Properties of Optical Vortex Lattice
Authors: Nishchal Naveen K.
Published: August 2024

In recent past, optical vortex array has generated lots of interests in the optics community due to its inherent characters. In this study, our focus is its application in image/data security.
Phase gradient and speckle motion as a digital refocus approach for holographic interferometry
Authors: Sjödahl Mikael , Picart Pascal
Published: August 2024

We propose to consider the speckle motions from induced phase gradients to provide a criterion for accurate image refocusing in digital holographic interferometry. Experiments confirm the theory.
Phase de-noising in digital holography using KSVD approaches
Authors: Collard Mathis , Montresor Silvio , Tahon Marie , Picart Pascal
Published: August 2024

We present a study of Kernel Singular Value Decomposition Based (KSVD) based algorithm to de-noise wrapped phase maps in digital holography interferometry. We focus on the adaptation of this approach to reduce decorrelation speckle noise.
Phase retrieval of 3D printed freeform microoptical wavefronts
Authors: Wang Lunwei , Zhao Yanqiu , Mangold Florian , Schwab Julian , Siegle Leander , Giessen Harald
Published: August 2024

3D printed freeform microoptics have revolutionized imaging on the submillimeter scale. Aspherical singlets, doublets, multiplets, but also 3D printed diffractive optical elements and lenses can be printed with unprecedented accuracy and shape freedom. Here, we present interferometric measurements and wavefront retrievals of such microoptical elements.
Tomographic Flow Cytometry Based on Automatic Angle Recovery for Three-Dimensional Imaging of Carbon Nanoparticles in Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Yijing , Che Leiping , Xiao Wen , Wang Hao , Peng Ran , Xiao Xi , Pan Feng
Published: August 2024

Method enables automatic angle recovery of tomographic flow cytometry by establishing relationship between cell rotation angle and motion distance is proposed and applied to observe the 3D distribution of carbon nanoparticles in bladder cancer cells.
Retinal blood flow estimation by digital holography: Mitigating the effect of illumination power variations
Authors: Fischer Yann , Martinache Olivier , Bratasz Zofia , Dubosc Marius , Atlan Michael
Published: August 2024

High-speed digital holography unveils local blood flow contrasts in the eye fundus through deterministic signal analysis using a forward scattering model of dynamically diffused light, enabling estimation of absolute blood flow in primary in-plane retinal arteries. However, total retinal blood volume estimation faces low reproducibility due to laser illumination power variations. Intra-individual reproducibility is improved by renormalizing based on the assessment of illumination power from the modulation depth of interferograms.
Investigation on lysosomal accumulation by a quantitative analysis of 2D phase-maps in digital holography microscopy
Authors: Giugliano Giusy , Schiavo Michela , Pirone Daniele , Behal Jaromir , Bianco Vittorio , Montefusco Sandro , Memmolo Pasquale , Miccio Lisa , Ferraro Pietro , Medina Diego L.
Published: August 2024

Quantitative Phase Imaging through Digital Holography (QPI-DH) represents a quantitative and label-free method to detect lysosomal dysfunction in cells. Testing in the cellular model of Mucopolysaccharidosis type III-A, a lysosomal storage disease, demonstrate its potential.
Optimization Algorithm of Computer-Generated Hologram Considering Leakage of Active Beam Deflector
Authors: Choi Myeong-Ho , Won Kanghee , Park Jae-Hyeung
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces an optimization algorithm for computer-generated hologram (CGH), focusing on mitigating the leakage from an active beam deflector. Simulation results successfully confirm that the optimized CGH can reconstruct leakage noise-suppressed holographic image.
Holographic Maxwellian near-eye display with continuous eyebox replication
Authors: Zhang Shijie , Zhang Zhiqi , Liu Juan
Published: August 2024

we propose a holographic Maxwellian near-eye display system with an adjustable and continuous replication eyebox based on pupil detection. The detector is required to measure the pupil size.
Accelerating computation of CCGH using convolutional symmetric compressed LUT method in 360° dynamic color 3D holographic display
Authors: Wei Jiahao , Liu Juan
Published: August 2024

we propose a convolutional symmetric compressed look-up-table (CSC-LUT) method to accelerate CCGH computation and further optimize it for GPU parallel framework. Numerical simulation and optical experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve real-time (>24fps) color holographic display corresponding to three perspectives of a 3D scene.
Efficient Fabrication of High Bit-Level Pancharatnam-Berry Diffractive Optical Elements (PB-DOE) by Using LCoS For Photoalignment
Authors: Wu Weijie , Pivnenko Mike , Chu Daping
Published: August 2024

PB-DOE for linear 2π 8-bit phase modulation with tunable diffraction efficiency was fabricated by using phase-only liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) device for photoalignment of liquid crystals (LCs). Wide viewing angle holographic images were dis-played.
Simple method for hologram multiplexing using vertical interlacing
Authors: Cruz Maria-Luisa , Kozacki Tomasz
Published: August 2024

We propose a simple method for multiplexing computer-generated holograms using random vertical interlacing and lineal phases. Three different images are multiplexed in a hologram increasing the reconstructed image size.
Application of digital holographic microscopy for assessment of hydrodynamic focusing in a microfluidic chip
Authors: Kim Jian , Barroso Álvaro , Picazo-Bueno José Ángel , Ketelhut Steffi , Schnekenburger Jürgen , Kemper Björn
Published: August 2024

We evaluated the hydrodynamic focusing capability of a microfluidic chip utilizing quantitative phase imaging (QPI) with digital holographic microscopy (DHM).
Numerical simulations of hydrodynamic interactions among cells for microfluidic holographic cyto-tomography
Authors: Vitolo Angela , Villone Massimiliano M. , Maffettone Pier Luca
Published: August 2024

We simulate the dynamics of cell suspensions flowing in microfluidic channels with the aim of clarifying the influence of hydrodynamic interactions on cell rotation, which is crucial for designing devices for holographic in-flow tomography.
High-speed imaging of dynamic transparent object by parallel phase-shifting digital holography
Authors: Awatsuji Yasuhiro , Notte Shun , Rajput Sudheesh K. , Inoue Tomoyoshi , Nishio Kenzo , Xia Peng , Matoba Osamu
Published: August 2024

The authors review recent progress in parallel phase-shifting digital holography for high-speed imaging of dynamic and transparent object. A movie of acoustic field and selective images of sound wave propagations at different frequencies were demonstrated.
Simulating digital lensless holographic microscopy holograms through a realistic model
Authors: Lopera Maria J. , Gracía-Sucerquia Jorge , Nie Yunfeng , Ottevaere Heidi , Trujillo Carlos
Published: August 2024

This work introduces a realistic modeling approach for Digital Lensless Holographic Microscopy (DLHM) by decomposing the complex light propagation with several stratightfoward steps. Experimental results show that this realistic model outperforms other methods with higher reconstruction accuracy and low computational cost.
Object thickness recovery with single-shot phase contrast technique using a polychromatic X-ray laboratory source
Authors: Rosich Diego , Chevalier Margarita , Belarra Adrián , Alieva Tatiana
Published: August 2024

We explore three methods to extend the single-shot phase contrast technique for polychromatic partially coherent X-ray beams. The accuracy of estimating nylon fibre thickness, considering the method and the sample-detector distance, is analyzed.
Advancing Bio-Threat Detection with Digital Holographic Microscopy: the HoloZcan Project
Authors: Molani Alessandro , Pálhalmi János , Mihalik Béla , Claassen Paul , Langerak Edwin , Mohammadian Sajjad , van der Linden Bas , Withaar Thijs , Mező Anna , Ferrari Mariana , Rahi Praveen , Bela Gyorgyi , Pennati Francesca , Aliverti Andrea
Published: August 2024

The HoloZcan project integrates digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and artificial i ntelligence ( AI) t o e nhance b io-surveillance, o ffering p ortable, cost-effective, real-time bio-aerosol analysis. Advancements in DHM hold promise for strengthening bio-detection capabilities and mitigating emerging health risks.
Holographic Vibrometry in Rough Environments
Authors: Dötzer Florian , May Johannes , Sinzinger Stefan
Published: August 2024

Measuring vibrations in the (sub-)nanometer range using holographic vibrometry typically requires vibration-damped conditions. Introducing an artificial reference vibration produces stable beat frequencies even in the presence of parasitic vibrations, enabling sensitive lock-in evaluation techniques.
Triple correlated wavelength selective hybrid meta-holography
Authors: Zhou Hongqiang , Zhao Chongli , Man Tianlong , Wang Yuhong
Published: August 2024

We present a hybrid amplitude and phase holographic scheme with a correlated algorithm based on the wavelength-selective dielectric filters. We demonstrate three types of silicon nanofins: rectangular and square shapes for dynamic holographic display.
Speckle noise reduction, in amplitude holograms, using a limited-bandwidth random phase generated by a chaotic map
Authors: Cruz Maria-Luisa , Gilardi-Velázquez Hector
Published: August 2024

We propose a new method for generating a limited-bandwidth random phase using a chaotic function. The random phase is applied in the generation of amplitude holograms, reducing the speckle noise in the reconstructed image.
Label-free phenotyping of neuroblastoma cells by combining holographic flow cytometry and machine learning
Authors: Pirone Daniele , Montella Annalaura , Mugnano Martina , Kurelac Ivana , Tirelli Matilde , Iolascon Achille , Bianco Vittorio , Memmolo Pasquale , Capasso Mario , Miccio Lisa , Ferraro Pietro
Published: August 2024

Non-invasive detection and phenotyping of neuroblastoma cells in blood samples is highly demanded for liquid biopsy applications. Here we show that an effective solution can be provided by machine learning combined to holographic flow cytometry.
Occlusion Processing for Computer-Generated Holograms Using Light-Field Modulation of Zone Plates
Authors: Takaki Yasuhiro , Koyama Takayuki
Published: August 2024

The modulation of zone plates by light field information can generate holograms which provide naturally shaded and sharp reconstructed images. This study proposes the modification of the modulation scheme to enable the occlusion processing.