bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training in Pathology Informatics: Implementation at the University of Pittsburgh
Authors: Harrison James H. , Stewart Jimmie
Published: February 2021

Context.—Pathology informatics is generally recognized as an important component of pathology training, but the scope, form, and goals of informatics training vary substantially between pathology residency programs. The Training and Education Committee of the Association for Pathology Informatics (API TEC) has developed a standard set of knowledge and skills objectives that are recommended for inclusion in pathology informatics training and may serve to standardize and formalize training programs in this area.

Objective.—The University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, Pa) core rotation in pathology informatics includes most of these goals and is offered as an implementation model for pathology informatics training.

Design.—The core rotation in pathology informatics is a 3-week, full-time rotation including didactic sessions and hands-on laboratories. Topics include general desktop computing and the Internet, but the primary focus of the rotation is vocabulary and concepts related to enterprise and pathology information systems, pathology practice, and research. The total contact time is 63 hours, and a total of 19 faculty and staff contribute. Pretests and posttests are given at the start and end of the rotation. Performance and course evaluation data were collected for 3 years (a total of 21 residents).

Results.—The rotation implements 84% of the knowledge objectives and 94% of the skills objectives recommended by the API TEC. Residents scored an average of about 20% on the pretest and about 70% on the posttest for an average increase during the course of 50%. Posttest scores did not correlate with pretest scores or self-assessed computer skill level. The size of the pretest/posttest difference correlated negatively with the pretest scores and self-assessed computing skill level.

Conclusions.—Pretest scores were generally low regardless of whether residents were familiar with desktop computing and productivity applications, indicating that even residents who are computer “savvy” have limited knowledge of pathology informatics topics. Posttest scores showed that all residents' knowledge increased substantially during the course and that residents who were computing novices were not disadvantaged. In fact, novices tended to have higher pretest/posttest differences, indicating that the rotation effectively supported initially less knowledgeable residents in “catching up” to their peers and achieving an appropriate competency level. This rotation provides a formal training model that implements the API TEC recommendations with demonstrated success.
A Rare Case of Multiple Lymphomatous Polyposis With Widespread Involvement of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Remes-Troche JoséM. , De-Anda Jazmín , Ochoa Víctor , Barreto-Zuñiga Rafael , Arista-Nasr Julián , Valdovinos Miguel A.
Published: February 2021

Multiple lymphomatous polyposis (MLP) is an uncommon type of primary non-Hodgkin gastrointestinal (GI) B-cell lymphoma characterized by the presence of multiple polyps along the GI tract. Malignant cells of MLP have mantle cell characteristics and thus are considered to be the counterpart of the mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in the GI tract. Since 1961, no more than 70 well-documented cases have been published. We report the case of 53-year-old man diagnosed as having MLP. The patient presented with diffuse abdominal pain, chronic lower GI bleeding, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and weight loss. The lymphomatous polyps extended from the esophagus to the rectum, with bone marrow infiltration. Immunohistologic findings were characteristic of MCL. The patient was treated with a combined cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy regimen, resulting in a partial response.
Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Honma Naoko , Sakamoto Goi , Ikenaga Motoko , Kuroiwa Kojiro , Younes Mamoun , Takubo Kaiyo
Published: February 2021

We report a case of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA) of the breast in a 96-year-old woman. This is an extremely rare variant of primary breast carcinoma that bears a striking resemblance to MCAs of the ovary and pancreas. The macroscopic appearance and secretion pattern (cytologic findings) resembled cystic hypersecretory carcinoma. However, microscopically, the epithelial cells were quite different from those of cystic hypersecretory carcinoma. In the present study as well as in the literature, MCAs tend to occur more frequently in elderly women. Immunohistochemical findings suggest that they may develop independently of estrogenic stimulation. Although MCAs show high proliferative activity, the prognosis was favorable in the present case as well as in the reported cases. Because MCAs appear to have a distinct pathogenesis and biologic behavior, they should be distinguished from ordinary mucinous carcinomas, cystic hypersecretory carcinomas, and carcinomas of other histologic subtypes.
Introducing a Molecular Test Into the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory: Development, Evaluation, and Validation
Authors: Forbes Betty A.
Published: February 2021

Context.—In the mid-1980s, the polymerase chain reaction methodology for the amplification of minute amounts of target DNA was successfully developed and then introduced into clinical use; such technology has led to a revolution in diagnostic testing. Despite enormous advances in the detection of infectious agents by amplification methods, there are also limitations that must be addressed.

Objective.—To highlight the pertinent steps and issues associated with the introduction of an amplification assay into a clinical microbiology laboratory as well as the subsequent ongoing activities following its introduction into routine laboratory use.

Data Sources.—Data were obtained from literature searches from 1990 through September 2002 using the subject headings “polymerase chain reaction,” “molecular assays,” and “amplification” as well as publications of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.

Data Extraction and Synthesis.—Using the findings obtained from these studies and publications, the process of introducing a molecular assay into the clinical microbiology laboratory was broken down into 4 major components: (1) initial phase of assay development, (2) polymerase chain reaction assay verification in which analytic sensitivity and specificity is determined, (3) assay validation to determine clinical sensitivity and specificity, and (4) interpretation of results and ongoing, required activities. The approach, as well as the advantages and limitations involved in each step of the process, was highlighted and discussed within the context of the published literature.

Conclusions.—The application of molecular testing methods in the clinical laboratory has dramatically improved our ability to diagnose infectious diseases. However, the clinical usefulness of molecular testing will only be maximized to its fullest benefit by appropriate and careful studies correlating clinical findings with assay results.
Hoechst 33342 Alters Luciferase Gene Expression in Transfected BC3H-1 Myocytes
Authors: Zhang Xinbo , Kiechle Frederick L.
Published: February 2021

Background.—Hoechst 33342 and Hoechst 33258 bind to the minor groove of DNA. Hoechst 33342 induces apoptosis in a variety of cell types by a mechanism that is associated with disruption of the formation of the TATA box-binding protein/DNA complex.

Objective.—To further investigate the role of Hoechst 33342 in gene regulation using BC3H-1 myocytes transfected with 4 different pGL3 luciferase reporter vectors constructed with or without the SV40 promoter and/or enhancer regions or with 2 synthetic Renilla luciferase vectors (phRL-null and phRL-TK).

Methods.—Luciferase messenger RNA content was measured by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase activity was measured by luminometry. The ability of transcription factors in nuclei prepared from BC3H-1 myocytes to bind to a [32P]-labeled 24-base pair oligonucleotide containing the TATA box-binding element was determined by a gel mobility shift assay.

Results.—In vivo, 4.4 and 8.9 μM of Hoechst 33342 (sublethal doses) increased luciferase enzyme activity in cells transfected with each of the 4 pGL3 luciferase reporter vectors and both of the Renilla luciferase vectors. Hoechst 33258 had no effect on luciferase enzyme activity. In vitro, Hoechst 33342 increased transcription factor binding to the 24-mer oligonucleotide containing the TATA box-binding element, which would be favorable to increased RNA polymerase II efficiency.

Conclusion.—Hoechst 33342 stimulates luciferase activity by a pathway that is independent of the integrity of the promoters in the luciferase gene expression vectors used (pGL3 basic, pGL3 control, pGL3 enhancer, and pGL3 promoter vectors, phRL-null, or phRL-TK).
Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Intra-abdominal Wall Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gaudier Farah , Khurana Jasvir S. , Dewan Sanjiv , Shen Ting
Published: February 2021

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor. Most of the reported cases that were diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration were taken from the extremities, where the tumor is often found. Problems can occur when the site is unusual and cellular differentiation is not distinct. We present a case in which the tumor was located in the intra-abdominal wall, an unusual location. Cytologic features and immunocytochemistry are helpful in distinguishing this tumor from others that share similar myxoid background.
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia With Abnormal Bone Marrow Eosinophils
Authors: Hyde Jason , Sun Tsieh
Published: February 2021

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia is a recently defined rare entity frequently associated with t(5;12)(q33;p13) translocation. It usually shows a peripheral eosinophil count greater than 1500/μL. However, the literature contains a small subset of cases in which the major manifestation is bone marrow eosinophilia. We report a case similar to that subset and discuss our finding that the immature eosinophils are identical to those seen in acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal bone marrow eosinophils.
Giant Cell Granuloma of the Temporal Bone: A Case Report With Immunohistochemical, Enzyme Histochemical, and In Vitro Studies
Authors: Tian Xue-Fei , Li Tie-Jun , Yu Shi-Feng
Published: February 2021

A case of giant cell granuloma (GCG) that occurred in the right temporal bone is reported. The lesion showed histologic features identical to GCG. The multinuclear giant cells (MGCs) in the lesion showed strong reactivity with CD68, but patchy staining for myeloid/histiocyte antigen, α-1-antitrypsin, α-1-antichymotrypsine, and lysozyme. Activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was also consistently detected in the MGCs. Some of the mononuclear cells of the lesion exhibited similar immunocytochemical and histochemical reactivity as the MGCs. Ki-67 staining, however, was only detected in the mononuclear cells. The MGCs isolated from the lesion presented characteristic morphology of osteoclasts and possessed the ability to excavate bone in vitro. Thus, the MGCs in GCG appeared to express both macrophage- and osteoclast-associated phenotypes. The mononuclear cells were the major proliferative elements in the lesion and a subpopulation of these cells may represent precursors of the MGCs.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease in Nepal: A Study of 6 Cases
Authors: Adhikari Ram Chandra , Sayami Gita , Lee Min Chul , Basnet Ranga Bahadur , Shrestha Pradeep Krishna , Shrestha Hari Govinda
Published: February 2021

Context.—Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a benign disorder, predominantly affecting young women with a predilection for cervical lymphadenopathy. Although the disease has been recognized worldwide, to our knowledge no cases have been reported previously from Nepal.

Objectives.—To determine the prevalence of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease in Nepal and to analyze clinicopathologic features.

Methods.—We reviewed 6 cases of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease recorded at 3 different hospitals in Nepal during a period from June 1998 to June 2002. Clinical data and histopathology are presented.

Results.—This study included 5 females and 1 boy, aged 13 to 32 years. These patients presented with prolonged fever and lymphadenopathy. The 5 female patients had cervical lymphadenopathy, and the boy had axillary lymphadenopathy. Complete blood counts revealed raised erythrocyte sedimentation rates in all patients and anemia in 2 patients. The size of excised lymph nodes (in greatest dimension) ranged from 1.5 to 5 cm. Typical histologic features were seen, namely, architectural effacement due to presence of pale nodular lymphohistiocytic foci with karyorrhectic debris, coagulation necrosis, eosinophilic debris, and absence of granulocytic infiltration. In a follow-up of the cases, disease recurrence was not found.

Conclusion.—Our study emphasizes that Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses in patients with prolonged fever and cervical lymphadenopathy and that it should be differentiated from tuberculous lymphadenitis in regions where tuberculosis is prevalent.
Comparative Studies of Somatic and Ongoing Mutations in Immunoglobulin Heavy-Chain Variable Region Genes in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas of the Stomach and the Small Intestine
Authors: Go Jai Hyang , Kim Dae Shick , Kim Tae Jin , Ko Young H. , Ra Hyun Ki , Rhee Jong Chul , Kim Seon Woo , Ree Howe J.
Published: February 2021

Context.—Many diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) of the stomach are believed to represent high-grade transformation of low-grade marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type, which is of memory B-cell origin, displaying evidence for positive antigen selection and a low level of ongoing somatic mutation of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (VH) genes. The pattern of somatic mutation has been studied little in intestinal DLBCLs.

Objective.—To assess evidence for antigen selection and the levels of ongoing mutation, we analyzed the ratio of replacement to silent mutations, as well as the frequency of intraclonal sequence variation in gastric and small intestinal DLBCLs that showed no concomitant low-grade component.

Design.—Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin blocks of gastric (n = 6) and small intestinal (n = 6) DLBCLs. The complementarity-determining region 2 and framework region 3 sequences (<200 base pairs) of the rearranged immunoglobulin VH gene were obtained from polymerase chain reaction–amplified product, and the ratio of replacement-to-silent mutations and the frequency of intraclonal sequence variation were determined.

Results.—Clustering of replacement mutations in complementarity-determining region 2 with a high (>2.9) ratio of replacement-to-silent mutations was observed in 5 gastric DLBCLs, whereas it was recognized in only 1 intestinal DLBCL. Intraclonal sequence variation was observed in 6 intestinal and 5 gastric DLBCLs. The frequency of ongoing mutation was much higher in the intestinal (median, 0.33%) than in the gastric DLBCLs (median, 0.13%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .09).

Conclusions.—The mutation pattern was consistent with positive antigen selection in gastric DLBCLs, but not in the intestinal tumors. Ongoing mutation was much more frequent in the intestinal than in the gastric DLBCLs. These findings suggest that positive antigen selection plays a major role in a significant proportion of gastric tumors, whereas germinal center reaction with aberrant mutation is important in small intestinal DLBCLs.
Human Papillomavirus: Epidemiology and Public Health
Authors: Schiffman Mark , Castle Philip E.
Published: February 2021

Approximately 15 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection cause virtually all cases of cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus 16 is the major type, accounting for approximately 50% of cases. The major steps of cervical carcinogenesis include HPV infection, viral persistence and progression to precancer (as opposed to viral clearance), and invasion. Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection. However, most HPV infections become undetectable by even sensitive HPV DNA testing within 1 to 2 years. The prevalence of infection peaks at young ages and declines thereafter, perhaps as the result of HPV type-specific acquired immunity. Most HPV infections are neither microscopically evident nor visible, making HPV DNA detection the diagnostic reference standard. Poorly defined immunologic factors are the major determinants of viral outcome. Smoking, multiparity, and long-term oral contraceptive use increase the risk of persistence and progression. Other sexually transmitted infections (eg, Chlamydia trachomatis), chronic inflammation, and nutritional factors might also play a role. Overt, long-term viral persistence in the absence of precancer is uncommon. New prevention strategies can be derived from the evolving knowledge of HPV carcinogenesis. Human papillomavirus vaccination is the ultimate prevention strategy, and large-scale trials are already underway. In the meantime, HPV DNA diagnostics are more sensitive although less specific than cytology, permitting a consideration of lengthened screening intervals. In terms of public health education, clinicians and patients will need to shift discussions of the mildly abnormal Papanicolaou test to consideration of HPV infection as a common sexually transmitted infection that rarely causes cervical cancer.
Laboratory Implementation of Human Papillomavirus Testing
Authors: Bolick David R.
Published: February 2021

Human papillomavirus testing is becoming an integral component of cervical cancer screening. Market forces will require most laboratories that perform Papanicolaou tests to develop a system for handling human papillomavirus testing also. Data and information are presented that may facilitate laboratories when addressing the following issues in the process of developing a human papillomavirus testing service: Which methodology is the best fit for the laboratory? Is it better to develop an in-house testing service or to send it out? How do I get started? What are the financial and economic issues, and how should they be managed?
Propionic Acidemia: A Neuropathology Case Report and Review of Prior Cases
Authors: Feliz Brady , Witt David R. , Harris Brent T.
Published: February 2021

Propionic acidemia is a disorder of branch-chain amino acid and odd-chain fatty acid metabolism. The clinical features typically begin shortly after birth, with rare cases presenting in young adulthood. This disorder most commonly is characterized by episodic decompensations with dehydration, lethargy, nausea, and vomiting as well as a risk for neurologic sequelae. The defect is in the propionyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme with a resultant accumulation of toxic organic acid metabolites. Neuropathologic findings in this inborn error of metabolism have not been extensively characterized but include white matter spongiosis in neonates and a variable appearance in older children. We describe the pertinent literature on the neuropathology of propionic acidemia and a case report of a 4-year-old girl who had widespread gray matter vacuolization at postmortem examination. Although a previously unreported finding in propionic acidemia, diffuse gray matter vacuolization has been described in other fatty acid metabolic disorders.
Corticomedullary Mixed Tumor of the Adrenal Gland With Concurrent Adrenal Myelolipoma
Authors: Chu Albert Y. , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Fraker Douglas L. , Zhang Paul J.
Published: February 2021

We report the case of a corticomedullary mixed tumor of the adrenal gland in a 55-year-old woman with a left adrenal mass who presented with mild symptoms of Cushing syndrome and an elevated urinary cortisol level. The patient underwent a left adrenalectomy. A well-circumscribed 2.5-cm mass, composed of an admixture of adrenal cortical cells and pheochromocytes, and an incidental 0.7-cm myelolipoma were present in the resected left adrenal gland. The diagnosis of adrenal corticomedullary mixed tumor was confirmed by both immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. To our knowledge, this is the eighth well-documented report of this rare tumor.
Neonatal Williams Syndrome Presenting as an Isolated Supravalvular Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: di Gioia Cira R. T. , Ciallella Costantino , d'Amati Giulia , Parroni Eleonora , Nardone Anna Maria , Gallo Pietro
Published: February 2021

An infant with normal facies and none of the extracardiac anomalies usually associated with Williams syndrome presented at birth with an echocardiographic pattern of supravalvular pulmonary stenosis and displastic pulmonary valve. A clinical reappraisal was planned at 3 months of age, but the girl died suddenly at home at 2 months of age. At autopsy, both ventricles were hypertrophic, and the valves showed mild dysplasia. The walls of the great arteries were thick, with a “washed leather” consistency, but there was no gross evidence of discrete stenosis. The histologic mosaic appearance of the media of the great arteries, due to elastosis and extreme disarray of the elastic lamellae, prompted a postmortem diagnosis of supravalvar aortic stenosis and suggested a diagnosis of Williams syndrome, which was subsequently confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Pediatricians and pathologists should be alerted that Williams syndrome in the newborn may present as an isolated supravalvular pulmonary stenosis, whereas supravalvular aortic stenosis becomes clinically significant only a few months later.
Some fuzzy common fixed point theorems using common limit in the range property with an application
Authors: Bhardwaj Ved , Wadhwa Kamal
Published: February 2021

In the present paper, we prove some common fixed point theorems for mappings satisfying common limit in the range property in M-fuzzy metric space. Further, we prove fixed point theorem for ph-contractive conditions in aforesaid spaces with the illustration of an example. As an application of our result, we study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of integral equation (Volterra integral equations of the second kind) with instances.
Coefficient bounds for certain subclasses of bi-prestarlike functions associated with the Chebyshev polynomials
Authors: Güney H.Ö. , Murugusundaramoorthy G. , Vijaya K. , Thilagavathi K.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new subclass of bi-prestarlike functions defined in the open unit disk, associated with Chebyshev Polynomials. Furthermore, we find estimates of first two coefficients of functions in these classes, making use of the Chebyshev polynomials. Also, we obtain the Fekete-Szegö inequalities for function in these classes. Several consequences of the results are also pointed out as corollaries.
New family of special numbers associated with finite operator
Authors: Goubi Mouloud
Published: February 2021

Using the notion of the generating function of a function, we define an operator with whom we manage to build a large family of numbers and polynomials. This technique permits to give the closed formulae and interesting combinatorial identities. Among others, these polynomials are a generalization of the Fubini numbers and polynomials.
The application of digital technology in business registration
Authors: Škorić Sanja
Published: February 2021

The application of digital technology has succeeded, on the one hand, in facilitating the business and whole life of the modern humans, and, on the other hand, in slightly putting in the background the long-maintained habits and values that have become obsolete and unnecessary with digitalization. Almost the entire year of 2020, due to the global pandemic and restrictive measures, as well as business in it, has been reduced to the virtual world and digitalization. Although the application of new technologies is not new, this year it has received a special treatment, and the business entities have been required to adjust their business, the work from home, the online work, through various Internet applications with which help there can be organized certain meetings, seminars, educative programmes, conferences as well as closer business contacts with a picture and tone being alive. So, digital technologies have, in this so-called Covid19 year, taken over our entire, both business and a large part of private life. However, if the focus is put on a lot of positive aspects of the application of new technologies, especially in modern business, where their application saves time and energy, and thus money, then a digital registration of business entities is certainly one of them. For example, in Serbia, since 2018, with a few clicks, it has been possible to electronically register a one-member or multi-member limited liability company and an entrepreneur. However, the application of digital technologies in the process of registration and setting up the business entities has existed much longer than the e-registration. Along with the increasing application and importance of digital technologies in this area, there are opened up some new dilemmas and emerged new challenges that modern business entities have to be faced. The same thing can be applied to the new challenges the registration authorities are faced.
Enfrentando distopias contemporâneas: por uma disputa contra-hegemônica
Authors: Do Nascimento Rezera Danielle , Bevilacqua Sobrinho Agenor
Published: February 2021

Tratamos neste artigo sobre as possiblidades de engajamento político-cultural no contexto pandêmico da Covid-19, as reais perspectivas de articulações sociais no âmbito de disputas por políticas que não atendam somente os aspectos da sobrevivência imediata, mas também que visem resoluções no campo democrático que nos levem a uma transformação qualitativa de nossa sociedade. Encontramo-nos diante do sentimento, descrito por Ernst Bloch, de uma “falta de algo” que nos incita a buscar outro modo de vida, os sentidos utópicos que nos levam à efetiva luta. Assim, aqui buscamos elucidar os preceitos das estruturas — tais como os lobbies do setor de tecnologia e seus conglomerados, os avanços antidemocráticos, instrumentalizados pela Lawfare, autoritarismo e anticonstitucionalismo do governo federal brasileiro, os ataques aos trabalhadores da educação e à própria disputa no setor educacional como campo de controle¬ —, que podem nos encaminhar para o rompimento das distopias que cercam o cotidiano da classe trabalhadora, em especial a realidade educacional brasileira e seus desafios e gargalos que se exponenciam com a pandemia da Covid-19.
Palavras-chave: Utopias. Distopias. Neoliberalismo. Educação. Pandemia da Covid-19. Ideologia.
Disco Animals do Pink Floyd: uma distopia sobre animalização do sistema capitalista e a democracia liberal burguesa
Authors: Santos Alves da Silva Franco
Published: February 2021

A distopia é um gênero narrativo explorado pela literatura, cinema, teatro, jogos eletrônicos e música. Caracteriza-se como contrário da utopia (lugar imaginário ideal), onde as relações humanas tornam-se insuportáveis, ao exagerar determinadas questões acerca do contexto no qual foi produzida. São comuns elementos como solidão, cenários pós-apocalípticos, guerras e o totalitarismo, expresso na caça às minorias, na violência e na vigilância extremas. Em 1977, a banda britânica de rock n´ roll Pink Floyd lançou o álbum conceitual Animals, inspirado na obra Revolução dos Bichos, de George Orwell, contendo cinco músicas com nomes de animais: ovelhas, porcos e cães. Com base na aproximação metodológica entre História e música, busca-se uma análise do álbum no contexto da década de 1970, ou seja, o surgimento de uma nova onda conservadora frente à recente crise do capitalismo, e um desencantamento do mundo moderno, que animaliza as pessoas e as relações sociais. Para tal, foram utilizados conceitos e teorias de autores como Murray Schafer, Marcos Napolitano e Robert Walser.
Palavras-chave: Distopia. Pink Floyd (Conjunto musical). Rock.
O imaginário político-ambiental brasileiro na dobra do regime colonial capitalístico
Authors: Ferdnando Inocêncio Adalberto
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo teve como objetivo central cartografar os discursos que orientaram as formas de acumulação do capital durante o Brasil colônia, bem como os discursos que orientam a atual fase do capitalismo, em sua dobra colonial-capitalística. Para satisfazer tal objetivo, utilizou-se do método cartográfico. Nesse ínterim, resgataram-se escritos que documentam o trato com a natureza durante o Brasil colônia, intentando demonstrar que o discurso ensejado neste período retorna, sob as bases políticas e econômicas do inconsciente colonial-capitalístico do presente, sob a chancela da crise econômica. Para cartografar as bases desse segundo momento histórico do imaginário político-ambiental brasileiro, integram os resultados e análises desse ensaio os discursos emitidos por chefes de estado dos últimos mandatos (governo Dilma/Temer/Bolsonaro), veiculados nas instâncias midiáticas. Na análise de tais dados buscou-se demonstrar a construção do que fora chamado de dispositivo negacionista.
Palavras-chave: Dispositivo negacionista. Capital. Crise econômica.
PERFIL BACTERIANO E FENOTÍPICO DE SENSIBILIDADE AOS ANTIMICROBIANOS EM ISOLADOS DE HEMOCULTURA EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DE GRANDE PORTE DO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Da Silva Maurício Cavalcanti , Bessa Guerra Thais de Rezende , Mendes Aline Trevizan da Silva , De Albuquerqu Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves , Da Silva Adriana Ribeiro
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: o presente artigo buscou conhecer o perfil bacteriano e fenotípico de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos em microorganismos isolados por meio de hemocultura em um hospital público geral de grande porte do município do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: estudo transversal, com caráter exploratório-descritivo, durante o período de estágio no campo prático. O protocolo do estudo foi acompanhar a rotina do setor de análises clínicas para conhecer os testes microbiológicos de isolados de hemocultura e de seus respectivos testes de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos, realizados no período entre 01 de junho à 31 de setembro de 2018. Resultados: foram observadas um total de 357 análises de hemoculturas, com crescimento de microorganismos com prevalência de bactérias da espécie Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis n= 119. As 10 bactérias mais identificadas, entre elas gram positivas e gram negativas, apresentaram restrições aos antimicrobianos a serem utilizados como terapêutica. Conclusões: conclui-se que é necessária adoção de estratégias que minimizem a incidência de infecções associadas à corrente sanguínea, com enfoque na educação continuada de profissionais de saúde, além da implementação de medidas de prevenção, detecção e tratamento das complicações advindas da resistência microbiana, como a sepse, consequência final de infecções.
CULTURA E EDUCAÇÃO NUM CONTEXTO ARTICULADOR DE MEDIAÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS SIGNIFICATIVAS
Authors: Da Conceição Jefferson Correia
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões acerca das contribuições dos estudos sobre a Cultura e suas modalidades no contexto escolar. Apresenta um panorama de discussões teóricas sobre Cultura a partir de diversos estudiosos do assunto. Analisa a literatura específica no que diz respeito ao histórico, objetivos, importância e atualidades acerca da temática cultural. A pesquisa configura-se como bibliográfica e de campo. Os dados foram analisados por meio da leitura de documentos, alguns vídeos específicos e análise dos depoimentos dos participantes. Os resultados apresentaram percepções relevantes para adoção do tema Cultura nos estudos escolares, uma vez que, integram a cultura pessoal e do grupo dos depoentes. Concluiu-se que, mediante os estudos sobre Cultura é possível dinamizar, motivar e envolver muito mais os educandos com as ações pedagógicas ofertadas pela unidade escolar abordada.
Chemical composition and quality of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berry processing products
Authors: Paulauskienė Aurelija , Zvicevičius Egidijus , Atkočiūnienė Vilma
Published: February 2021

Research on the quality of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berry processing products was done at Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy in 2019. For the studies, the juice was squeezed from the defrosted sea buckthorn berries, and was stored in the refrigerator until separated into three fractions: solids, oil (oil No. 1) and juice. The berry cake remaining after squeezing the juice was dried and filled with unrefined sunflower oil. After 2 weeks, the oil (oil No. 2) was separated from the cake. The aim of the research was to determine the chemical composition and quality indices of sea buckthorn berry processing products. The content of soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C and total carotenoid content were determined by standard methods in sea buckthorn juice, solids, berry press cake and in oil No. 1 and No. 2. The acid value, iodine value, peroxides value, induction period and colour of sea buckthorn berry oil No. 1 and No. 2 were determined. The research data were analysed by the factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). Arithmetical means and standard deviation of the data were calculated. Statistical reliability was assessed by Fisher’s LSD test (P < 0.05). The results showed that the solids had 1.3-fold higher soluble solids content, 1.1-fold higher vitamin C, 2.5-fold total carotenoid content and 1.0-fold higher titratable acidity compared to juice. Oil No. 1 was characterized by a 1.88-fold bigger content of vitamin C and 2.9-fold higher titratable acidity. The total carotenoid content was 8.7% higher in oil No. 2. Oil No. 1 was less resistant to oxidative degradation because the induction period of this oil was shorter by 0.45 h and for a 26% higher amount of free fatty acids. However, a 12% higher peroxide content was found in oil No. 2. Oil No. 1 was brighter; the intensity of red and yellow colour of this oil was more intense.
Susceptibility of spring barley varieties to fungal diseases and their economic value under chemical control
Authors: Verikaitė Karolina , Ramanauskienė Jūratė
Published: February 2021

Studies on disease susceptibility of spring barley varieties important for the Lithuanian market were carried out at the Department of Plant Pathology and Protection of the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2017–2019. The study is aimed to compare susceptibility of spring barley varieties grown in Lithuania to fungal diseases. The experiment was installed in a two-lane block: one lane was sprayed with fungicides and other lane was sprayed with fungicides two times. During the study years, powdery mildew, net blotch, spot blotch, ramularia leaf spot and leaf rust occurred in spring barley. Powdery mildew was the most prevalent in the variety ‘Grace’ – the AUDPC index of powdery mildew was on average 186.17, while in the least damaged variety, ‘Rusnė DS’, it averaged 0.48. The intensity of net blotch in the variety ‘RGT Planet’ was 1.38%, several times higher compared to that of the most resistant variety ‘Ema DS’ – 0.30%. The average intensity of spot blotch was 2% in the variety ‘Propino’, which was the most severely affected, and only 0.24% in the least affected variety ‘Luokė’. The application of fungicides resulted in the highest yield increase (1 t ha–1) in the spring barley variety ‘Luokė’.
Review of Research on EFL Teachers’ Knowledge, Beliefs and Classroom Practices
Authors: Coyle Elena
Published: February 2021

At the time of globalization, a need for teachers of English is growing. Teachers who teach English without environmental support are called teachers of English as a foreign language, or EFL teachers. EFL teachers are divided into native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) and non-native
English-speaking teachers (NNESTs). To gain a greater understanding of NESTs’ of EFL and NNESTs’ of EFL work, I reviewed research on the teachers’ knowledge and beliefs and classroom practices and compared and contrasted those. Such comparing and contrasting showed that there
are both similarities and differences between the teachers’ knowledge and beliefs and classroom practices.
A call to eradicate non-inclusive terms from the life sciences
Authors: Khan Aziz
Published: February 2021

Since the Black Lives Matter movement rose to mainstream prominence, the academic enterprise has started recognizing the systematic racism present in science. However, there have been relatively few efforts to make sure that the language used to communicate science is inclusive. Here, I quantify the number of research articles published between 2000 and 2020 that contained non-inclusive terms with racial connotations, such as “blacklist” and “whitelist”, or “master” and “slave”. This reveals that non-inclusive language is being increasingly used in the life sciences literature, and I urge the global academic community to expunge these archaic terms to make science inclusive for everyone.
Traces of Unconscious in Language
Authors: Bilik M. Zuhal , Hekimoğlu Eylül Ceren , Gençöz Faruk
Published: February 2021

The significance of language in clinical practice first emerged with the Anna O. case, a study by Freud. Lacan went on to support Freud’s findings. Through the Back to Freud movement, Lacan proved language to be crucial from theoretical and clinical perspectives. According to Lacan, the name of the father in the language used by the mother functions as a signifier for the mother’s desire. It corresponds to the first repression and enters the symbolic register. It refers to Lacan’s famous statement ‘Unconscious is structured like a language’. As such, in his theory, Lacan actively uses the concepts of signifier, signified, metaphor and metonymy and offers new interpretations of these concepts. Therefore, to study the unconscious, working with language is the main method. However, because of repression, the unconscious can only be studied through the traces it shows in language. In this article, traces of the unconscious in language are explained using clinical examples. Clarifications are provided as to how traces of the unconscious can be studied analytically.
Therapeutic Mother Tongue and its Implications on the Work of Polyglot Psychotherapists
Authors: Or-Gordon Enav
Published: February 2021

Psychodynamic psychotherapy occurs in the lingual field. At its core, the “talking cure” uses the power of words to transform the psyche. Questions arise when the psychologist using language as a central means for therapy is a foreign-language speaker. Research and personal contributions of polyglot therapists in recent years show, that practicing psychotherapy in foreign languages effects the therapist’s work on many levels; technical aspects, the therapist’s self-perception and role, the therapeutic relationship, therapist’s experience and understanding of language as an element in therapy, and more. The present study interviewed nine polyglot therapists in different stages of their career using diverse and different languages in their practice. Analysis of the data in the context of Winnicott’s construct of potential space (Winnicott, 1971) and current linguistics theories regarding language embodiment (Pavlenko, 2005) brought about the suggestion of the concept of Therapeutic Mother Tongue, that refers to the language of training. Therapists’ experience of Therapeutic Mother Tongue and other languages are explored.
Restorative and Transformative Justice Responses to Sexual Violence
Authors: Todic Jelena , Christensen M. Candace , McMahon Sheila M.
Published: February 2021

Background: #MeToo movement raised the profiles of restorative justice (RJ) and transformative justice (TJ) in the United States (US) as approaches to repairing harm resulting from sexual violence that center survivors’ needs and emphasize meaningful accountability for persons responsible for harm. This focus on RJ and TJ as viable approaches to sexual violence represents a departure from carceral interventions, which has dominated the US public discourse for decades. Given the shift, mapping the current state of knowledge is critical for practice, policy and research. This scoping review aims to map the available literature to provide an overview of RJ and TJ as responses to sexual violence.

Methods/Design: The proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joana Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews (Peters, Godfrey-Smith, & Mcinerney, 2017). The concept of interest is the use of RJ and TJ as responses to sexual violence. This scoping review will include both peer-reviewed and grey literature. We will employ a standardized extraction form and represent the data using a descriptive summary, charts and tables that align with the stated objectives.

Discussion: Since the #MeToo movement emerged in 2017, public interest in RJ and TJ as meaningful responses to sexual violence has grown. This comprehensive scoping review will systematically organize the literature in order to understand the current landscape of evidence related to these approaches. Given the transformative potential of these interventions, past controversies, and current public interest in the approaches, understanding the current state of knowledge is critical for practice, policy and research.
Relevancia del elemento “interés o provecho” en la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en Chile
Authors:   Universidad de los Andes, Santiago de Chile, García Palominos Gonzalo
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo ofrece una interpretación del elemento “interés o provecho” exigido en el art. 3 de la Ley Nº 23.393 como condición de la punibilidad de las personas jurídicas, a partir de un análisis de los distintos modelos de responsabilidad penal en el derecho compa-rado y el análisis de la coherencia de dicha exigencia para el propio sistema. Se concluye que la función de dicho elemento en el sistema de imputación chileno es definir objetivamente, y desde una perspectiva objetiva ex ante, el ámbito de competencia de la persona jurídica sobre las conductas de terceros autorresponsables, de manera de limitar los deberes de dirección y control. Por su parte, la incorporación de los adverbios “directa e inmediatamente” debe ser entendida como un elemento cualificador del injusto merecido de pena.
Los interesados en los procedimientos administrativos sancionadores
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile), Gómez González Rosa Fernanda
Published: February 2021

El trabajo analiza la situación de los interesados no infractores en los procedi-mientos sancionadores, determinando cuáles son los objetivos que persiguen y cuáles son los mecanismos que nuestro ordenamiento dispone para la defensa y garantía de sus derechos e intereses. La investigación plantea que tratándose de interesados no infractores la aplicación supletoria del artículo 21 de la Ley Nº 19.880 procede en los procedimientos sancionadores previo análisis de los diversos intereses y derechos concurrentes
Delineation process of the extended continental shelf: an interpretation of article 76, paragraph 6, of UNCLOS
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Lertora Pinto Francisco
Published: February 2021

The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea established spe-cific rules for the delineation of the outer limit of the continental shelf in Article 76. This Article contains two formulae and two constraints. Regarding these constraints, the coastal State can apply, whichever is more favorable to its claim, unless the exception established under Article 76 (6), first sentence, applies. This exception establishes that, on submarine ridges, the State can only apply the 350 nautical miles distance constraint. However, Article 76 (6), second sentence, introduces a counter-exception and preserves the State’s right to ap-ply either constraint when the seafloor high is a submarine elevation that is a natural compo-nent of the continental margin
Los herederos no requieren del consentimiento de los demás para disponer de su cuota hereditaria referida a un inmueble
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Dibarrart F Miguel J
Published: February 2021

Nuestro máximo tribunal de justicia ha resuelto recientemente una cuestión que no parecía haber suscitado dudas hasta el momento, pero que ha revelado que existen voces disidentes que podrían poner en entredicho la tradicional mirada sobre las facultades del pro-pietario de una cuota, en orden a enajenarla sin autorización de los demás comuneros. La dis-cusión se enmarca en la cuota del derecho real de herencia, pero referida a un bien singular, desde la óptica del artículo 688 del Código Civil. Además, la sentencia genera interrogantes que simplemente quedan planteadas al lector.
La libertad de cátedra de las universidades con ideario religioso: Objeciones y respuestas
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Madrid Ramirez Raul
Published: February 2021

El tema de este trabajo, o su perspectiva más bien, será la libertad de cátedra en las universidades con ideario religioso. La perspectiva del análisis intenta configurar un foco de sentido desde el cual abordar la cuestión de la autonomía de este tipo de centros académicos, que hoy entran en crisis de la mano del concepto mismo de universidad. El problema específico que se abordará tiene dos fases: la libertad de la universidad para (a) contratar profesores dispuestos a cumplir las exigencias del ideario institucional en su desempeño, y por lo tanto la versión inversa: rechazar a aquellos que manifiesta y reiteradamente se opongan a dicha declaración de principios. Junto a ello, (b) se discutirá la capacidad real de que disponen dichas universidades a la hora de generar para sus académicos un espacio de libertad que sea cualitativamente coherente con la concepción de la verdad declarada en los postulados fundacionales. Detrás de la garantía de libertad de cátedra deben considerarse dos cuestiones previas: la existencia o inexistencia de una noción única y hegemónica de universidad, y el concepto de libertad que se encuentre vigente en la sociedad, cuestión que se relaciona directamente con las estrategias de dominación del discurso publico.
Causales estatutarias del derecho de retiro en las sociedades anónimas: Analisis de los tipos de cláusulas estatutarias
Authors:   Universidad Católica del Norte, Manterola Pablo
Published: February 2021

El artículo estudia los hechos que pueden agregarse en los estatutos como causales para ejercer el derecho de retiro, adicionales a los que establece la ley. Para hacerlo, argumenta que esta facultad puede comprenderse a cabalidad cuando el derecho de retiro se enfoca en una perspectiva contractualista. Luego, ofrece una clasificación de las causales estatutarias siguiendo algunos ejemplos que ofrecen leyes especiales, y observa cómo en cada una el retiro cumple distintas funciones. Finalmente, describe la incidencia de esa heterogeneidad de funciones en el modo de entender la fórmula del precio del retiro que establecen los textos normativos.
Derecho y Ciencia: La racionalidad científica como fundamento de la decisión judicial en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano
Authors:   Universidad  de  Caldas  (Colombia), Cárdenas Gómez Olga Carolina , Jiménez Ramírez Milton César ,   Universidad  de  Caldas  (Colombia)
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es describir el rol atribuido a la ciencia en la toma de decisiones judiciales en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. El aborda las funciones que está llamado a jugar el conocimiento científico en la toma de decisiones, con el fin de iden-tificar la relación entre el derecho y la ciencia. Posteriormente, explica por qué el derecho ha perdido autonomía frente a la ciencia. Finalmente, analiza cómo la relación entre ciencia y derecho ha caído en el determinismo biológico en materia de pruebas de ADN. Por último, se ofrecerán las conclusiones sobre la necesidad de fomentar un reconocimiento de la racio-nalidad jurídica y las acciones para un trabajo con las ciencias.