bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding cultural perceptions of sexuality in China and their influence on human papillomavirus vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Jin Jiayuan , Han Yanchao
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine prevents infections that may result in precancerous lesions, cervical cancers, genital warts, and many other diseases. However, its uptake rate in China is 2.24%, and HPV vaccine hesitancy is widespread. This study aimed to identify whether cultural perceptions of sexuality in China influence HPV vaccine hesitancy and explore the correlation between sexual attitudes, sexual morality, and HPV hesitancy in Chinese.

Methods

Between January and April 2024, we adopted a qualitative approach and conducted in-depth, one-on-one, semi-structured interviews with 15 young female Chinese university students of sexual maturity.

Results

Although all college students exhibited vaccine hesitancy, their perceptions of vaccines and reasons for hesitation varied. This study classified hesitancy into three types: individuals hesitant owing to cultural conservatism and stigmatization, individuals with positive intentions but delayed vaccination, and overconfident individuals who disregarded vaccines. The reasons for vaccine hesitancy are linked to China’s conservative culture of sexuality, and Chinese sexual attitudes and morality have complex mechanisms that influence vaccination. Social taboos on sexual topics lead to inadequate sources of information regarding the HPV vaccine. Sexual morality is internalized into an individual’s subconscious, influencing the cognition of the vaccine. Negative associations and stigmatization of the vaccine further discourage vaccination.

Discussion

Vaccine hesitancy is not solely a medical or political-economic issue but also a deep-seated cultural issue. Culture significantly affects individual health behaviors, and ignoring socio-cultural factors can exacerbate public health problems. Future research should investigate the political-economic and socio-cultural factors to address geographic differences in vaccine hesitancy.
Identifying high-risk population segments for underweight, overweight, and obesity among reproductive-age women in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Tareke Amare Abera , Mohammed Anissa , Muche Amare , Ali Yeshimebet
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite significant progress in addressing underweight in developing countries, the recent rise in the number of overweight and obese individuals has confirmed that the double burden of malnutrition will remain a crucial problem in the foreseeable future. Some countries that previously succeeded in reducing underweight rates are now experiencing a resurgence. Initiatives in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries aimed at reducing malnutrition often lack robust evidence. This study aimed to identify risk groups for malnutrition among women of reproductive age in SSA countries and prioritize intervention areas.

Methods

This analysis utilized data from 247,911 reproductive-age women across recent demographic and health surveys conducted in 33 SSA countries. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI). We computed the pooled prevalence of different forms of malnutrition using the random effects inverse variance method. We evaluated the factors associated with different forms of malnutrition using multilevel multinomial regression. We reported the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

The pooled prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among SSA women was 11% (95% CI: 9–12%), 18% (95% CI: 16–20%), and 10% (95% CI: 8–12%), respectively. Significant factors influencing malnutrition included women’s age, highest educational level, wealth index, current breastfeeding status, contraceptive use, parity, media exposure, marital status, place of residence, and regional location within SSA. Factors such as education, wealth, age, contraceptive use, parity, and marital status were risk factors for overweight and obesity but were protective against underweight. Employment was protective against all three malnutrition forms.

Conclusion

Increased age, wealth index, not-breastfeeding status during the survey, contraceptive use, higher parity, marital status, urban residency, and living in southern or central Africa are associated with higher odds of increased BMI and lower odds of underweight. In designing interventions for overweight and obesity, emphasis should be given to the wealthy, reproductive-age women in later age, urban residents, and multiparous. Whereas the poorest and youngest is priority intervention segments for underweight.
Environmental exposures associated with atopy in a rural community in Gwanda district, Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ndlovu Vuyelwa , Chimbari Moses , Ndarukwa Pisirai , Sibanda Elopy
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The increasing prevalence of allergic diseases in Zimbabwe may be attributed to changing environmental exposure patterns. In this study, we sought to identify the most influential environmental and lifestyle factors that may explain the observed atopy in a rural community in Zimbabwe.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional study, information on a wide array of environmental and lifestyle exposures was self-reported by a sample of participants (children aged <18 years and adults aged ≥18 years) in the Gwanda district, Zimbabwe. To consenting participants, we performed skin prick testing (SPT) at a local clinic in Gwanda district to identify atopic individuals. Variables with a p value <0.25 from univariate analysis were included in backward-elimination multiple logistic regression analysis. Separate regression analyses were conducted for children (n = 108), adults (n = 388), and a subgroup of adults who reported ever being employed in any potentially harmful occupation (n = 153).

Results

Compared with boys, girls were more likely to be sensitised to at least one allergen (OR = 4.87, 95% CI = 1.22–19.51). Among adults, the likelihood of sensitisation increased with increasing age (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01–1.03) and with a history of bloody urine and/or schistosomiasis (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 0.98–4.95). In the subgroup of adults who reported ever being employed in any potentially harmful occupation, atopic sensitisation was associated with a history of tuberculosis (TB; OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.08–10.52) and a history of bloody urine and/or schistosomiasis (OR = 4.36, 95% CI = 1.40–13.65). Other notable, though not significant, factors were passive or parental smoking, alcohol consumption, indoor dampness and visible mould on walls.

Conclusion

Girls were more likely to be sensitised to at least one allergen when compared to boys. Among adults, atopic sensitisation was positively associated with age, parental smoking, alcohol consumption and history of bloody urine or schistosomiasis but negatively associated with indoor cooking. A history of TB or helminth infection increased the likelihood of atopy among adults with history of employment. Longitudinal studies to explore the temporal and causal relationships between these factors and allergic outcomes are essential. There is a need for early public health interventions to address environmental and lifestyle factors for the prevention and control of allergic diseases in African rural communities.
Digital interactive experience- and game-based fall interventions for community-dwelling healthy older adults: a cross-disciplinary systematic review
Authors: Ciemer Celina , Kröper Lisa , Klotzbier Thomas Jürgen , Ghellal Sabiha , Schott Nadja
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Falls pose significant health risks to older adults, impacting their quality of life. Preventive strategies are crucial, as research shows that fall prevention interventions can effectively reduce fall risks. However, these interventions often suffer from low adherence and uptake. Digital, interactive interventions, incorporating experience-, and game-related aspects, offer a promising solution, making this topic inherently cross-disciplinary.

Objective

This review aims to assess the current landscape of digital interactive experience and game-based fall interventions for community-dwelling, healthy older adults. It focuses on integrating Human Movement Science and User Experience & Game Design perspectives, emphasizing the cross-disciplinary nature of this research.

Methods

We employed a cross-disciplinary literature search framework, searching the databases ACM-DL, IEEE-Xplore, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The review focused on healthy community-dwelling older adults (50+), including those at risk of falling. Excluded were studies involving chronic diseases, non-age-related impairments, other age groups, or individuals receiving care. Only digital, interactive fall prevention interventions without commercial software were considered. Studies published between 2000–2024 were included. A qualitative thematic synthesis was conducted, focusing on four categories: Objectives (O), Design and Development (D), Types of Intervention (T), and Evaluation Methods (E).

Results

The search yielded 2,747 results, with 59 articles included in the final synthesis. Objectives were mainly driven by a combination of HMS and UXG rather than a single aspect. In Design and Development it was observed that concept-based design was scarce, with most being procedure-based. Descriptions of interventions frequently lacked specificity, particularly in-depth experience-related terminology and exercise descriptions. Evaluation methods were found to be more frequently informed by both HMS and UXG, although only four studies used a mixed-method approach to explore their interplay. Among included articles, most aspects incorporated both HMS and UXG across all four categories: O(n = 37), D(n = 37), T(n = 54), and E(n = 21).

Conclusion

The review underscores the importance of digital interactive experience- and game-based fall prevention interventions. It highlights the need for enhanced cross-disciplinary collaboration between HMS and UXG to address gaps, such as the lack of a shared thesaurus and standardized guidelines, which are vital for improving transparency, reproducibility, and the refinement of these interventions.
A nursing and midwifery training program in Kathmandu on antimicrobial resistance and stewardship and infection prevention and control: a qualitative and quantitative outcomes and process evaluation
Authors: Sayami Jamuna Tamrakar , Amatya Rakchya , Karki Kshitij , Bajracharya Deepak , Shrestha Basudha , Srinivasan Sreenidhi , Prentiss Tyler , Shallal Anita , Zervos Marcus , Latack Katie , Kaljee Linda
Published: January 2025

Background

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately affected by antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Nurses and midwives are essential to a holistic approach to AMR stewardship (AMS) and IPC within LMICs.

Objective

(1) Adapt AMS and IPC training programs and practice guidelines for community- and hospital-based nurses and midwives in Nepal; (2) pilot and conduct training outcome and process evaluations.

Design

A one-day training was developed through partnerships between Henry Ford Health and nursing and midwifery organizations and teaching facilities in Nepal. Quantitative outcome and process evaluations were conducted. Qualitative process evaluation interviews were conducted with purposefully selected trainees.

Setting(s)

Trainees worked in healthcare facilities in Kathmandu Valley.

Participants

A total of 126 nurses and midwives participated in the training and the quantitative evaluation. Eighteen trainees participated in the process evaluation interviews.

Methods

The 10-module program was adapted from AMS and IPC materials from the World Health Organization and the Nepal Ministry of Health and Population, and curricula from previous AMS studies in Nepal. Key outcomes were AMS and IPC knowledge, and decision-making about empirical dispensing of antibiotics. The process evaluation focused on training content, integration into practice, implementation barriers, and recommendations for dissemination. Quantitative data analysis included descriptive and bivariate analysis. Qualitative data analysis included coding, searches, review of coded texts, and identification of patterns and themes.

Results

AMS and AMR knowledge increased at immediate [1.40 (1.06–1.74) CI 95%] and six-month post-training [0.71 (0.35–1.08) CI 95%]. IPC knowledge also increased at immediate [0.79 (0.55–1.03) CI 95%] and six-month post-training [0.72 (0.49–0.96) CI 95%]. At immediate post-training, an increasing number of respondents indicated that they would not dispense antibiotics for adults [14.74% (4.88, 24.60%) CI 95%] and children [8.13% (−1.88, 18.14%) CI 95%] with fever and sore throats, and for non-pregnant women with burning sensation when urinating [10.69% (0.68%, 20.71%) CI 95%]. Process evaluation data indicated positive responses to the training content and relevancy to practice.

Conclusion

The AMS-IPC training increased knowledge and decreased intentions for dispensing antibiotics. Participants provided concrete examples of implementation of learnings into practice. Trainings will be adapted to address identified content needs and challenges to implementation.
Tryptophan as a biomarker of pregnancy-related immune expression and modulation: an integrative review
Authors: Prescott Stephanie , Billeci Natasa , Gotcher Melissa , Patel Sapna , Almon Addison , Morgan Hailey , Abukhalaf Danielle , Groer Maureen
Published: January 2025

Background

Degradation pathways of Tryptophan (TRP) are implicated in a spectrum of physiological adaptations and outcomes associated with pregnancy. The immunomodulatory role of TRP and its metabolites through the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway is particularly relevant to pregnancy due to its potential influence on maternal and fetal immune tolerance and the mother's health.

Methods

A targeted literature search was conducted via PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, focusing on maternal serum TRP levels in pregnancy. We included original human subject research on maternal serum TRP, published in English within the last five years. We included 16 quality studies with direct measurement of TRP in pregnancy including ten prospective cohorts, four case-control studies, and two cross-sectional studies.

Results

TRP levels are reduced both pre- and postnatally in women with depressive symptoms, but not during pregnancy, though the TRP/Kynurenine pathway is disturbed during pregnancy in women with depressive symptoms, women with prolonged labor, women with gestational hypertension, and in adverse outcomes of pregnancy including prematurity and growth restriction.

Conclusion

TRP and its metabolites hold promise as biomarkers for various pregnancy-related outcomes. Future research should aim to clarify the mechanisms by which TRP metabolism influences maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Subgrid channel formulation in an integrated surface-subsurface hydrologic model
Authors: Peeples Amelia , Maxwell Reed M.
Published: January 2025

In hydrologic modeling, the assumption of homogeneity within a cell averages all variability finer than the model resolution. This loss of information can impact a model's ability to accurately represent hydrologic processes, especially in highly heterogeneous domains. This study quantified the impact of this loss of information on surface water fluxes by comparing the outputs of a high-resolution and coarse hydrologic model applied to an idealized domain. This study also presented a framework for including subgrid information in the surface water physics of integrated hydrologic models. Channel width was used as a representative subgrid parameter to better characterize surface water flow in cells containing subgrid channels. A new, nonlinear relationship between flux and calculated flow depth was derived based on assumed bathymetry and known channel width. This flux relationship was incorporated into ParFlow, an integrated 3D subsurface flow and 2D surface flow hydrologic model. In all scenarios tested, the subgrid channel formulation applied to a coarse-resolution model produced peak flows that only differed from the high-resolution model by more than 1% in 11/400 of scenarios and never differed by more than 5%. This is a substantial improvement from the baseline formulation applied to a coarse-resolution model, where peak flow differed by more than 1% in 213/400 scenarios and had a maximum difference of 78%.
Epidural abscess formation after chemotherapy for breast cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: An Youzhi , Li Lili , Liu Qingning , Zhang Zhen , Lin Xuelin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Spinal epidural abscess is a rare infectious lesion of the central nervous system. Here, we report a rare case of a thoracic suppurative epidural abscess in a female patient who developed incomplete paralysis of both lower limbs after chemotherapy for breast cancer. She underwent surgery and recovered well after surgery.

Case report

A 49-year-old female patient developed an epidural abscess after chemotherapy for breast cancer; she suffered sudden pain and paralysis in both lower limbs. Thoracic T9–T11 laminectomy, abscess removal, bone grafting, fusion, and internal fixation were performed. After the operation, the muscle strength in both lower limbs gradually recovered.

Discussion

This is the first reported case of an epidural abscess after chemotherapy for breast cancer. The disease progresses rapidly. During the literature review process, we found that timely removal of the epidural abscess, combined with the administration of appropriate antibiotics at the same time, is crucial for improved healing and successful treatment.
Studies on the Thermal Behavior of an Electro-Hydrostatic Servo Actuator
Authors: Dinca Liviu , Corcau Jenica-Ileana , Grigorie Teodor Lucian , Cucu Andra-Adelina , Vasilescu Bogdan
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a study on the thermal behavior of an electro-hydrostatic servo actuator designed to actuate the ailerons of an airliner. The considered servo actuator was designed using existing commercial off-the-shelf components (electric motor, pump, hydraulic cylinder, valves, hydro-accumulator), and the control part was tuned using numerical simulations performed in SIMCENTER/AMESIM. This study begins with the functional parameters of the components used in the design and uses numerical simulations to test the thermal behavior of the components. A continuous stress spectrum of the servo actuator is considered, with the servo actuator located in a compartment inside the wing. Different external conditions are also considered, such as situations where component wear occurs and component efficiencies deteriorate, thus producing more heat in the system. Based on the energy losses identified, the average efficiency of the studied servo actuator is also evaluated.
Pan-Genome Identification and Expression Analysis of Lipoxygenase Genes in Cucumber
Authors: Xu Haiyu , Liu Kun , Zhao Lili , Chen Chunhua , Wang Lina , Ren Zhonghai
Published: January 2025

Lipoxygenase (LOX) is a dioxygenase that contains non-heme iron and plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development, signal transduction, and responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified 24 CsLOXs from the pan-genome of 12 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions, with most CsLOX proteins exhibiting amino acid variations. To elucidate their functions, we examined the phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved domains, promoter cis-elements, and collinearity of the 24 CsLOXs from the newly updated genome version 4.0 of ‘Chinese Long 9930’. The results indicated that CsLOXs can be categorized into three subfamilies: 9-LOX, Type I 13-LOX, and Type II 13-LOX. Additionally, promoter analysis revealed that the promoters of CsLOXs contain various cis-elements related to stress and hormone responses. The expression of CsLOXs demonstrated tissue specificity, with each CsLOX expressed in at least one tissue, and six CsLOXs expressed across all tissues. Furthermore, in the transcriptome data of cucumber responses to heat, cold, powdery mildew (PM), downy mildew (DM), and gray mold (GM) stresses, eight, four, eight, eight, and four CsLOXs exhibited differential expression, respectively. Notably, CsLOX22 responded to heat, cold, DM, and GM stresses. Our results provided a reference for further exploring the functions of CsLOXs in cucumber.
The DUF506 Gene Family in Triticum aestivum: Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Under Salt Stress
Authors: Wang Yueduo , Liu Shuotong , Lin Taiyu , Kan Shenglong , Yu Pei
Published: January 2025

As a subfamily of the PD-(D/E)XK nuclease superfamily, DUF506 family shows great potential in abiotic stress responding of higher plant, yet its clues of structure, evolution and functions remain largely unexplored due to their distant phylogenetic relationship with other nuclease families, especially in Triticum aestivum. In this study, 26 T. aestivum DUF506 genes (TaDUF506) were identified from genome-wide level through bioinformatic techniques. Phylogenetic and structural analyses revealed that TaDUF506 genes exhibit conserved motif and gene structure patterns intra-phylogenetic clusters but display significant divergence inter-clusters. Gene duplication identification showed that whole-genome duplication event (WGD) was the primary driver of TaDUF506 family expansion, while Ka/Ks analysis indicated that whole TaDUF506 family experienced purifying selection generally. Gene ontology analysis and protein-protein interaction prediction suggested that DUF506 plays a potential role in transcription regulation and nucleotide-excision generally. Promoter analyses highlighted an enrichment of hormone-responsive elements linked to salt stress in TaDUF1.3-3D TaDUF5.1-3A, with expression analysis demonstrated their significant upregulation under salt stress, suggesting the potential roles in stress responses. Altogether, our study advances the understanding of DUF506 gene family in higher plant from structural, evolutional and functional aspects, and thereby provides a foundation for the development of salt-tolerant wheat varieties.
Influence of Dietary Forage Neutral Detergent Fiber on Ruminal Fermentation, Chewing Activity, Nutrient Digestion, and Ruminal Microbiota of Hu Sheep
Authors: Zhang Zhian , Li Fei , Li Fadi , Wang Zongli , Guo Long , Weng Xiuxiu , Sun Xuchun , He Zhenhu , Meng Xianyu , Liang Zhaoqing , Li Xiong
Published: January 2025

As the key components of dietary carbohydrates, ensuring a balance between forage-neutral detergent fiber (FNDF) and rumen-degradable starch (RDS) is essential for ruminant health. Eight male Hu sheep equipped with rumen cannulas were randomly divided into four groups based on dietary FNDF content: low FNDF (L-FNDF, 6.08%), middle low FNDF (ML-FNDF, 9.47%), middle high FNDF (MH-FNDF, 12.48%), and high FNDF (H-FNDF, 15.68%), while the RDS levels (15.65% of DM on average) were similar among the four groups. A replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design was employed in this study. The results indicated that mean and minimum ruminal pH increased linearly with increasing dietary FNDF content, while the duration and area of pH under 5.8 and 5.6, along with the acidosis index, reduced linearly (p ≤ 0.002). There were no differences between the MH-FNDF group and the H-FNDF group in these indicators (p > 0.05). The molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate, as well as the acetate-to-propionate ratio, increased linearly, while propionate and valerate molar proportions and lactate concentration displayed a linear decrease with increasing FNDF content in the diet (p < 0.001). Increasing dietary FNDF content extended ruminating and chewing time while enhancing ruminal microbial diversity, promoting the proliferation of Fibrobacterota and Butyrivibrio in the rumen, and improving fiber degradability (p < 0.05). When the dietary FNDF content exceeded 12.48%, no effects of FNDF on acetate to propionate ratio and fiber utilization were observed (p > 0.05). The results suggest that augmenting FNDF content in the PTMR can reshape ruminal fermentation towards acetate production and promote rumination to enhance ruminal pH, thereby alleviating the risk of ruminal acidosis. When the RDS content in the PTMR was 15.57%, an FNDF content of 12.48% was optimal for maintaining stable ruminal function in sheep, and the recommended ratio of FNDF to RDS was 0.8.
From Pre-Foaling to Late Pregnancy: Cortisol, DHEA(S), Progesterone, 17-β-Estradiol, and Allopregnanolone Hair Concentration Profiles in Standardbred Mares
Authors: Veronesi Maria Cristina , Cotticelli Alessio , Pividori Isabella , Giombolini Matilde , Corazzin Mirco , Ellero Letizia , Peric Tanja
Published: January 2025

Pregnancy and parturition represent two important physiologic phases in female mammals, in which metabolic, behavioral, and endocrinologic changes should occur in perfect timing and interaction, leading to a normal course of gestation and the occurrence of parturition at term, allowing the birth of mature and viable offspring. The present study aimed to describe the hormonal changes recorded in the hair occurring in mares from pre-foaling to late pregnancy. The hair cortisol (C) concentrations did not show any significant variations throughout the study, while dehydroepiandrosterone (sulfate) (DHEA(S)) hair concentrations showed an increase from ST-1 to ST4 (p < 0.01) followed by a significant decrease at ST6 (p < 0.01). From ST7 to ST8, hair DHEA(S) concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.01). In ST7 the cortisol/DHEA(S) ratio*100 was higher than in the other sampling times (p < 0.01) except for ST0, in which the ratio was similar to ST7. Hair progesterone (P4), 17-β-estradiol (E2), and allopregnanolone (AlloP) concentrations showed similar patterns through time with the exception of some differences between them at the end of the sampling period. The results showed that hormones fluctuations in the hair mimicked those observed previously in plasma making hair interesting for retrospective studies both on mares and foals during gestation without invasiveness and adding a complementary tool in studying the feto-maternal relationship.
Effect of Block Freeze Concentration on Bioactive Compound Content and Antioxidant Capacity When Applied to Peppermint (Mentha Piperita L.) Infusion
Authors: Pérez-Bermúdez Indira , Castillo-Suero Alison , Jara-Leiva Constanza , Cortés-Valdivia Axel , Rojas-Rojas Karol , García-Rojas Vivian , Opazo-Navarrete Mauricio , Guerra-Valle María , Petzold Guillermo , Orellana-Palma Patricio
Published: January 2025

This research aimed to evaluate block freeze concentration (BFC) under different centrifugation conditions using response surface methodology to separate an extract from the ice fraction at three centrifugal-BFC (CBFC) cycles, obtaining in the final cycle a phenolic-rich extract. A Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize centrifugation variables, with efficiency of separation (η) selected as the response variable. The extracts were characterized in terms of physicochemical analysis, total and individual bioactive components, and antioxidant capacity. Optimal conditions (3600 rpm, 16 °C, and 14 min) resulted in η of 82%. Thus, from infusion to final cycle, the solids, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant capacity exhibited from 1.81 to 6.5% (w/w) and 2.5 to 8.7 (°Brix), 0.72 to 12.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/mL, 0.83 to 13.7 mg catequin equivalents /mL, 2.8 to 31.2 μmol trolox equivalents/mL and 4.8 to 122.2 μmol trolox equivalents/mL, identifying by high-performance liquid chromatography that kaempferol, p-hydroxybenzoic, and transferulic acid presented the highest concentrations. The CBFC process has the potential as a non-thermal concentration process to preserve many bioactive compounds, facilitating the production of concentrated fractions with high biological value, where the extracts obtained by BFC are a novel solution for medicinal, pharmaceutical, and food applications.
Apple Polyphenol Mitigates Diabetic Nephropathy via Attenuating Renal Dysfunction with Antioxidation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Wang Chieh-Yu , Wu Dai-Lin , Yu Meng-Hsun , Wang Chih-Ying , Liang Hsin-Wen , Lee Huei-Jane
Published: January 2025

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Studies have highlighted the critical role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of DM and its complications. Apple polyphenol (AP) has demonstrated antioxidant properties in various models. In this study, we investigated the effects of AP on DN in a rat model. Type 1 diabetes was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats via a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) (n = 8). Rats with blood glucose levels exceeding 250 mg/dL were treated with AP at dosages of 0.5%, 1%, or 2% (w/w) in drinking water for 10 weeks. AP administration significantly improved early-stage DN markers, including reductions in the blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), in a dose-dependent manner. AP treatment also significantly lowered blood triglyceride levels and reduced lipid peroxidation in kidney tissues. Histological analysis revealed that AP attenuated renal hydropic change, reduced glomerular basement membrane thickening, and restored mitochondrial morphology in diabetic rats. Additionally, the upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) observed in the diabetic kidney was attenuated by AP treatment. In H2O2-stimulated rat mesangial cells, AP reduced ROS levels, accompanied by a reduction in TGF-β expression. These findings suggest that AP exerts protective effects against DN by improving renal function and mitigating oxidative stress, indicating its potential as a nutraceutical supplement for slowing DN progression.
Comparison of Spatial Predictability Differences in Truck Activity Patterns: An Empirical Study Based on Truck Tracking Dataset of China
Authors: Li Lianghua , Du Peng , Jiao Guohua , Fu Xin
Published: January 2025

Existing research on truck location prediction focuses on direct trajectory prediction and ignores the link between activity patterns and predictability, whereas the mode of operation is an important factor in the difference between activity trajectories, and analyzing the mode of operation can help to develop the next-location prediction algorithms to improve the efficiency of matching truckloads and to reduce costs. Our empirical study, based on 562,071 truck trip data in China, employs Fuzzy c-means (FCM) for clustering operational patterns in space, intensity, and stability dimensions. K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Back Propagation neural (BP) network, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) predict the next truck locations in different modes. The results indicate that range-of-motion stability significantly influences predictability. Truckers with stable spatial activity exhibit the highest predictability, with 45% nearly achieving 100% predictability. Through cluster analysis of driving characteristics, we found that truck clusters are the most predictable because of their relatively small and low-intensity activities, with the percentage of samples with prediction accuracy above 90% reaching over 80%. This research not only characterizes the freight truck community but also aids algorithm optimization by revealing predictability factors for real-world applications.
Research on Influencing Factors of Promotion of Prefabricated Housing in Hainan Province Based on BPNN–DEMATEL
Authors: Li Hongbing , Yang Wanjun , Fan Liang , Shao Qiqi
Published: January 2025

In order to solve the problem of the lack of an index system of influencing factors and an unclear evolution path of prefabricated housing development in Hainan Province, a method of identifying key influencing factors and analyzing the evolution path based on a back propagation neural network (BPNN) and decision experiment and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) was proposed. Firstly, the index system of influencing factors was constructed based on grounded theory; then, the key influencing factors were revealed through an expert survey and a BPNN-optimized DEMATEL model; finally, the evolution path of key influencing factors was explored. The research results show that factors F1 (imperfect standards and specifications), F2 (imperfect incentives), F9 (lack of motivation for corporate strategic transformation), F14 (insufficient market demand), and F17 (ununified design product standards) are the top five key influencing factors. Among the three basic paths and three composite paths, the weight of the composite path is higher than that of the basic path, and the degree of influence gradually increases with the complexity of direct and indirect effects between key influencing factors. In addition to coupling the basic path with key influencing factors, the composite path can also be obtained through the interaction evolution of the basic path.
An Automated Hierarchy Method to Improve History Record Accessibility in Text-to-Image Generative AI
Authors: Kim Hui-Jun , Park Jae-Seong , Choi Young-Mi , Kim Sung-Hee
Published: January 2025

This study aims to enhance access to historical records by improving the efficiency of record retrieval in generative AI, which is increasingly utilized across various fields for generating visual content and gaining inspiration due to its ease of use. Currently, most generative AIs, such as Dall-E and Midjourney, employ conversational user interfaces (CUIs) for content creation and record retrieval. While CUIs facilitate natural interactions between complex AI models and users by making the creation process straightforward, they have limitations when it comes to navigating past records. Specifically, CUIs require numerous interactions, and users must sift through unnecessary information to find desired records, a challenge that intensifies as the volume of information grows. To address these limitations, we propose an automatic hierarchy method. This method, considering the modality characteristics of text-to-image applications, is implemented with two approaches: vision-based (output images) and prompt-based (input text) approaches. To validate the effectiveness of the automatic hierarchy method and assess the impact of these two approaches on users, we conducted a user study with 12 participants. The results indicated that the automatic hierarchy method enables more efficient record retrieval than traditional CUIs, and user preferences between the two approaches varied depending on their work patterns. This study contributes to overcoming the limitations of linear record retrieval in existing CUI systems through the development of an automatic hierarchy method. It also enhances record retrieval accessibility, which is essential for generative AI to function as an effective tool, and suggests future directions for research in this area.
Navigating the Human–Robot Interface—Exploring Human Interactions and Perceptions with Social and Telepresence Robots
Authors: Mårell-Olsson Eva , Bensch Suna , Hellström Thomas , Alm Hannah , Hyllbrant Amanda , Leonardson Mimmi , Westberg Sanna
Published: January 2025

This study investigates user experiences of interactions with two types of robots: Pepper, a social humanoid robot, and Double 3, a self-driving telepresence robot. Conducted in a controlled setting with a specific participant group, this research aims to understand how the design and functionality of these robots influence user perception, interaction patterns, and emotional responses. The findings reveal diverse participant reactions, highlighting the importance of adaptability, effective communication, autonomy, and perceived credibility in robot design. Participants showed mixed responses to human-like emotional displays and expressed a desire for robots capable of more nuanced and reliable behaviors. Trust in robots was influenced by their perceived functionality and reliability. Despite limitations in sample size, the study provides insights into the ethical and social considerations of integrating AI in public and professional spaces, offering guidance for enhancing user-centered designs and expanding applications for social and telepresence robots in society.
Design of Wide-Range High-Precision Cesium Oven Temperature Control System for Time-Keeping Cesium Beam Frequency Standards
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Xiaofeng , Li Chao , Hu Xuwen , Li Qingyue , Sun Fuyu , Zhang Shougang
Published: January 2025

The temperature fluctuation of a cesium oven has a significant impact on the performance of time-keeping cesium beam frequency standards. We have designed a circuit system for the precise temperature control of the cesium oven used in it. The use of a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter ensures a temperature measurement resolution more than 0.5 mK within the working range. The digital PID algorithm guarantees the accuracy of error signal computation, and a 16-bit digital-to-analog converter improves the resolution of the control current adjustment. Ultimately, we achieved the goal of keeping the temperature fluctuation of the cesium oven to less than 4 mK within a working range of 120 °C. The results indicate that the circuit system effectively ensures the performance of the cesium beam frequency standard.
Sound Absorption of the Water Column and Its Calibration for Multibeam Echosounder Backscattered Mapping in the East Sea of Korea
Authors: Im Seung-Uk , Lee Cheong-Ah , Lim Moonsoo , Kim Changsoo , Paeng Dong-Guk
Published: January 2025

Multibeam echosounder (MBES) backscatter data are influenced by underwater sound absorption, which is dependent on environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, and depth. This study leverages CTD datasets from the Korea Oceanographic Data Center (KODC) to analyze and visualize the spatiotemporal variations in absorption parameters in the East Sea of Korea, which are subject to pronounced variability over time and space. The legacy MBES backscatter data, originally processed using generalized absorption parameters that neglected spatiotemporal variations, were compared with the calibrated data. The calibration process included inverse calculation of water temperature with depth-specific average salinity values from the nearest KODC stations. This calibration revealed discrepancies of up to 2.1 dB in backscatter intensity across survey lines, highlighting the potential misrepresentation of legacy MBES backscatter data due to site-specific absorption variability having been overlooked. By addressing these discrepancies, this study underscores the importance of incorporating spatiotemporal absorption variability into MBES calibration workflows. This integrated approach not only enhances the reliability of legacy MBES data but also provides valuable insights for marine resource management, seafloor mapping, and environmental monitoring in highly dynamic marine environments such as the East Sea of Korea.
Synergistic Integration of Invasive Alien Species Tradescantia fluminensis Residual Biomass with Commercial Pulp for Enhanced Sustainable Paper Production
Authors: Iglesias Antía , Cancela Ángeles
Published: January 2025

Invasive alien species pose significant ecological challenges, with Tradescantia fluminensis emerging as a major threat in Europe. This study investigates the potential of repurposing biomass from this invasive plant, collected in Galicia, for use in the pulp and paper industry. Following prior research on engineered paper made from Tradescantia fluminensis, this study examines its integration with commercially bleached eucalyptus pulp in varying proportions (90%, 70%, 50%, 30%, 10%). Key structural and physical properties, including pulp drainability, grammage, thickness, specific volume, density, and permeability, were analyzed to evaluate the viability of incorporating Tradescantia fluminensis biomass into paper production. The chemical composition and internal structures were observed using SEM visualization (JEOL 6100) to provide insights into the engineered paper’s characteristics. The findings of this study suggest that blending Tradescantia fluminensis biomass with commercial pulp could provide a sustainable approach to paper manufacturing, leveraging residues from environmental cleanup efforts to reduce reliance on traditional raw materials. The best paper qualities were obtained with medium blends, ranging from 30 to 70% and 70 to 30% biomass to raw material. At these proportions, paper properties remained balanced, integrating both visual and physical characteristics. The most relevant data were observed for drainability (35–33° SR) and air resistance, which ranged from 5.57 to 7.33 s for 300 cm3 using the Gurley method. This study highlights the dual benefits of mitigating the ecological impact of invasive alien species waste while promoting sustainable practices in the paper industry. By challenging conventional norms and exploring new possibilities, it fosters the development of sustainable paper materials capable of promoting climate awareness and strengthening the connection between consumers, materials, and production processes.
A Post-Occupancy Evaluation Framework for Enhancing Resident Satisfaction and Building Performance in Multi-Story Residential Developments in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Baharetha Saleh , Hassanain Mohammad A. , Alshibani Adel , Ouis Djamel , Gomaa Mohammed M. , Ezz Mohamed Salah
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a systematic post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of a gated apartment building in Onaizah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia, focusing on resident satisfaction and building performance. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data from questionnaires and qualitative data from walkthrough observations and interviews to assess various performance aspects, including thermal comfort, visual comfort, acoustic performance, and safety. Results indicate that residents generally expressed satisfaction with thermal comfort, visual comfort, and indoor air quality. However, concerns were highlighted in areas such as safety and security, design adequacy, and construction support services. These findings reveal that while the building meets many occupant needs, there are critical areas requiring improvement. This study underscores the importance of incorporating POE as a valuable tool for assessing building performance and informing future design and management strategies in residential developments. Finally, this study’s methodology excelled in analyzing the quality and performance of residential building elements, which contributes to enriching the literature related to facilities management. It explains the research strategy followed to provide an organized and reliable framework that can be used to evaluate performance and quality in residential buildings.
Evaluating the Impact of Road Layout Patterns on Pedestrian-Level Ventilation Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Li Zhenxing , Han Bijun , Chu Yaqi , Shi Yu , Huang Na , Shi Tiemao
Published: January 2025

The development of new energy vehicles and road dust removal technologies presents opportunities for constructing urban ventilation systems based on road patterns. However, the impact of road system layouts on pedestrian-level wind environments remains insufficiently understood. This study utilizes the general-purpose CFD software Phoenics to analyze the effects of road orientation, width, density, and intersection configurations on block ventilation. The standard k-ε model and three-dimensional steady-state RANS equations are employed to calculate pedestrian-level mean air age as an indicator of ventilation efficiency. Grid convergence analysis and validation against previous wind tunnel measurements were conducted. Results show that road layouts influence overall ventilation efficiency by affecting airflow volume, direction, and velocity. Optimal ventilation occurs when road orientation aligns with the prevailing wind at 0° or exceeds 70°. Recommended widths for trunk, secondary, and local roads are 46 m, 30 m, and 18 m, respectively. Lower densities of local road systems enhance ventilation, while higher densities of trunk and secondary roads are beneficial. Intersection configurations impact airflow distribution, with windward segments aiding lateral ventilation of side roads. Finally, ventilation design strategies for road systems are proposed, offering potential for leveraging urban road networks to construct efficient ventilation systems.
Study on the Polarization of Astrocytes in the Optic Nerve Head of Rats Under High Intraocular Pressure: In Vitro
Authors: Ma Bochao , Ren Jifeng , Qian Xiuqing
Published: January 2025

Astrocytes, the most common glial cells in the optic nerve head (ONH), provide support and nutrition to retinal ganglion cells. This study aims to investigate the polarization types of astrocytes in the ONH of rats under high intraocular pressure (IOP) and explore signaling pathways potentially associated with different types of polarized astrocytes. The rat models with chronic high IOP were established. High IOP lasted for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Astrocytes were extracted from the ONH of rats using the tissue block cultivation method. Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins associated with astrocyte polarization. Proteomics was employed to identify differential proteins associated with astrocyte polarization. Astrocytes polarized into A2 astrocytes after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of high IOP, while polarization into A1 astrocytes began only after 8 weeks of high IOP. The differential proteins associated with A1 astrocyte polarization are primarily enriched in pathways of neurodegeneration with respect to multiple diseases, while the differential proteins associated with A2 astrocyte polarization are primarily enriched in pathways of spliceosome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Our findings could provide a better understanding of the role of ONH astrocytes in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and offer new perspectives for glaucoma treatment.
Early Detection of the Pathogenetic Variants of Homologous Recombination Repair Genes in Prostate Cancer: Critical Analysis and Experimental Design
Authors: Bottillo Irene , Sciarra Alessandro , Bevilacqua Giulio , Gentilucci Alessandro , Sciarra Beatrice , Santarelli Valerio , Salciccia Stefano , Bacigalupo Francesca , Pastacaldi Francesco , Ciccone Maria Pia , De Marchis Laura , Santini Daniele , Magliocca Fabio Massimo , Merenda Elisabetta , Forte Flavio , Grammatico Paola
Published: January 2025

It has been shown that the pathogenic variants (PVs) of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) genes, whether of a germinal or somatic nature, represent a predictive biomarker of high sensitivity to treatment with inhibitors of the enzyme poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) in patients with hormone-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (HRPCa). Moreover, the detection of PVs of the Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) genes in PCa patients can help to define the patient’s prognosis and the choice of the therapeutic procedure. Among men with metastatic PCa, the frequency of PVs in HRR genes ranges from 11% to 33%, which is a significantly higher rate compared to non-metastatic PCa, where the incidence is between 5% and 10%. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) results were more commonly obtained from newly acquired somatic samples compared to archived samples (prostate biopsy or prostatectomy). We developed an experimental multidisciplinary prospective study in patients with a new diagnosis of high-risk PCa at biopsy. The aim was to evaluate the presence of PVs of different HRR genes in patients with the first diagnosis of PCa in relation to a metastatic or non-metastatic stage, tumor aggressiveness, and early risk of progression. Among 43 initial tumor samples from 22 patients, 25 samples from 12 patients were selected for library preparation based on their DNA concentration and quality. After the NGS, 14 different DNA variants were prioritized. Oncogenetic and likely oncogenetic variants were found in the ATM, BRCA1, PTEN, KMT2D, and CDH1 genes. Moreover, variants of uncertain significance were found in ATM, DDR2, FANCA, FOXA1, PLCB4, PTCH1, and RB1.