bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of hydrogen by electric and polarized fields for high-performance AlGaN deep-ultraviolet-C light emitting diodes
Authors: Tang Weiqing , Guo Libin , Qiao Nan , Wu Zhiming , Wu Yaping
Published: November 2024

The dehydrogenation of the Mg–H complex to increase the hole concentration is crucial for promoting the performance of ultraviolet-C light-emitting diodes (UVC-LEDs). Here, we systematically investigate the efficient removal of H atoms through combining external electric field produced by electrochemical process and polarized electric field of p-AlGaN. The measured electroluminescence spectra show the emission intensity of optimized AlGaN structure achieving a large increment of 12.5% after the H removal. Furthermore, the reliability and lifetime of UVC-LEDs are also significantly promoted by our methods. The physical mechanism of the coupling interaction between external and polarized electric fields on H removal is further elucidated through the first-principles calculations. The density of states, electrostatic potential energies, and differential charge densities of Mg–H doping AlGaN under various electric fields reveal that the charge redistributions and huge electrostatic potential difference between Mg and H atoms are responsible for the breaking of Mg–H bonds and expelling of H atoms. This work offers feasible strategy to promote the applications of AlGaN-based UVC-LEDs.
Measurement and inversion of concentration distribution in suspensions using a multi-frequency ultrasonic backscatter approach
Authors: Pang Lili , Kong Xiaotong , Dong Hanchuan , Hu Lisha , Zhang Zhonghua , Fang Lide
Published: November 2024

Accurate measurement of suspended particle concentration in pipelines is essential for analyzing the fluid mixing density and particle settlement. However, measuring concentration distributions along the flow path poses significant challenges due to the inherent complexity and variability of liquid–solid two-phase suspensions. In this study, we developed a sensor measurement system based on multi-frequency acoustic emission technology and a self-receiving single probe. The effects of suspended particle size, concentration, and ultrasonic transducer dimensions on acoustic wave propagation were analyzed using the COMSOL Multiphysics system. For multi-frequency echo signals, variational mode decomposition and the sparrow search algorithm were employed to decompose and optimize the signal, followed by reconstruction using the Pearson correlation coefficient. By combining the energy ratio method with the minimum concentration difference method, we propose a new approach for simultaneous measurement of particle size and concentration along the pipeline transmission path. Experimental results indicate that along the transmission path, the mean absolute percentage error is 18.74%, and 77.55% of the predicted results exhibit relative errors below 20%.
Rescue of cochlear vascular pathology prevents sensory hair cell loss in Norrie disease
Authors: Patel Aara , Pauzuolyte Valda , Ingham Neil J. , Leong Yeh Chwan , Berger Wolfgang , Steel Karen P. , Sowden Jane C.
Published: November 2024

Variants in the gene
NDP
cause Norrie disease, a severe dual-sensory disorder characterized by congenital blindness due to disrupted retinal vascular development and progressive hearing loss accompanied by sensory hair cell death.
NDP
encodes the secreted signaling molecule norrin. The role of norrin in the cochlea is incompletely understood. We investigated whether the Norrie disease cochlear pathology can be ameliorated in an
Ndp
-knockout (
Ndp
-KO) mouse model by conditional activation of stabilized β-catenin in vascular endothelial cells. We hypothesized that in the cochlea microvasculature, β-catenin is the primary downstream intracellular effector of norrin binding to endothelial cell surface receptors and that restoration of this signaling pathway is sufficient to prevent sensory hair cell death and hearing loss. We show that tamoxifen induction of

Cdh5CreERT2;Ctnnb1
flex3/+
;Ndp-

KO mice stabilizing β-catenin in vascular endothelial cells alone rescued defects in cochlear vascular barrier function, restored dysregulated expression of endothelial cell disease biomarkers (
Cldn5, Abcb1a, Slc7a1,
and
Slc7a5
), and prevented progressive outer hair cell death and hearing loss. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of human cochleas showed
NDP
expression by fibrocytes and glial cells while receptor gene expression (
FZD4, TSPAN12, LRP5,
and
LRP6
) coincided in vascular endothelial cells. Our findings support the conclusion that vascular endothelial cells are a primary target of norrin signaling in the cochlea of mice and humans and restoration of β-catenin regulation of target gene expression within cochlear endothelial cells is sufficient to maintain a cochlear microenvironment critical for hair cell survival.
Metagenomic study of lake microbial mats reveals protease-inhibiting antiviral peptides from a core microbiome member
Authors: Padhi Chandrashekhar , Field Christopher M. , Forneris Clarissa C. , Olszewski Dominik , Fraley Amy E. , Sandu Ioana , Scott Thomas A. , Farnung Jakob , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Narayan Panda Ananta , Oxenius Annette , Greber Urs F. , Bode Jeffrey W. , Sunagawa Shinichi , Raina Vishakha , Suar Mrutyunjay , Piel Jörn
Published: November 2024

In contrast to the large body of work on bioactive natural products from individually cultivated bacteria, the chemistry of environmental microbial communities remains largely elusive. Here, we present a comprehensive bioinformatic and functional study on a complex and interaction-rich ecosystem, algal-bacterial (microbial) mats of Lake Chilika in India, Asia’s largest brackish water body. We report the bacterial compositional dynamics over the mat life cycle, >1,300 reconstructed environmental genomes harboring >2,200 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), the successful cultivation of a widespread core microbiome member belonging to the genusRheinheimera, heterologous reconstitution of two silentRheinheimerabiosynthetic pathways, and new compounds with potent protease inhibitory and antiviral activities. The identified substances, posttranslationally modified peptides from the graspetide and spliceotide families, were targeted among the large BGC diversity by applying a strategy focusing on recurring multi-BGC loci identified in diverse samples, suggesting their presence in successful colonizers. In addition to providing broad insights into the biosynthetic potential of a poorly studied community from sampling to bioactive substances, the study highlights the potential of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides as a large, underexplored resource for antiviral drug discovery.
Hypoxia is linked to acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer
Authors: Robles-Oteíza Camila , Hastings Katherine , Choi Jungmin , Sirois Isabelle , Ravi Arvind , Expósito Francisco , de Miguel Fernando , Knight James R. , López-Giráldez Francesc , Choi Hyejin , Socci Nicholas D. , Merghoub Taha , Awad Mark , Getz Gad , Gainor Justin , Hellmann Matthew D. , Caron Étienne , Kaech Susan M. , Politi Katerina
Published: November 2024

Despite the established use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), only a subset of patients benefit from treatment and ∼50% of patients whose tumors respond eventually develop acquired resistance (AR). To identify novel drivers of AR, we generated murine Msh2 knock-out (KO) lung tumors that initially responded but eventually developed AR to anti-PD-1, alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4. Resistant tumors harbored decreased infiltrating T cells and reduced cancer cell-intrinsic MHC-I and MHC-II levels, yet remained responsive to IFNγ. Resistant tumors contained extensive regions of hypoxia, and a hypoxia signature derived from single-cell transcriptional profiling of resistant cancer cells was associated with decreased progression-free survival in a cohort of NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Targeting hypoxic tumor regions using a hypoxia-activated pro-drug delayed AR to ICIs in murine Msh2 KO tumors. Thus, this work provides a rationale for targeting tumor metabolic features, such as hypoxia, in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition.
Statistical modelling and Bayesian inversion for a Compton imaging system: application to radioactive source localization
Authors: Tarpau Cécilia , Fang Ming , Zygalakis Konstantinos C , Pereyra Marcelo , Di Fulvio Angela , Altmann Yoann
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a statistical forward model for a Compton imaging system, called Compton imager. This system, under development at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, is a variant of Compton cameras with a single type of sensors which can simultaneously act as scatterers and absorbers. This imager is convenient for imaging situations requiring a wide field of view. The proposed statistical forward model is then used to solve the inverse problem of estimating the location and energy of point-like sources from observed data. This inverse problem is formulated and solved in a Bayesian framework by using a Metropolis within Gibbs algorithm for the estimation of the location, and an expectation-maximization algorithm for the estimation of the energy. This approach leads to more accurate estimation when compared with the deterministic standard back-projection approach, with the additional benefit of uncertainty quantification in the low photon imaging setting.
Interlayer excitons in MoS2/CSiH2/WS2 heterostructures: the role of the Janus intermediate layer
Authors: Yan Zhihui , Wang Shudong
Published: November 2024

The introduction of intermediate hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) between the bilayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures has been considered an efficient approach to manipulate the interlayer excitations. However, the hBN intercalation primarily serves as a spacer to increase the interlayer distance and alter the screening, without producing a significant band offset shift. Here, we use Janus monolayer CSiH2, possessing a prominent out-of-plane intrinsic dipole moment and large enough band gap, as an intercalation to build trilayer MoS2/CSiH2/WS2 heterostructures. Our calculated results by means of many-body perturbation theory reveal that the band alignment characteristics and the band gaps are dramatically altered in the presence of the CSiH2 monolayer, due to the large potential drop across the interface of bilayer TMDs. By solving the Bethe–Salpeter equation, we observe the static dipole moment of the interlayer excitons (IXs) can be reversed through tuning the stacking sequence of CSiH2. More importantly, the radiative lifetime of IX has been substantially prolonged in MoS2/CSiH2/WS2, several orders of magnitude longer than that of bilayer MoS2/WS2, and varies between 10–9–10–5 s at 0 K with different stacking sequence of CSiH2. Our explorations open the feasibility of simultaneously engineering the band alignment and the dipole moment of the dipolar IXs in TMD van der Waals heterostructures, through the introduction of Janus intercalation.
Analysis of the impact of high temporal resolution tropospheric parameters on GNSS station coordinate and troposphere estimation
Authors: Ding Wenwu , Qu Xiaochuan , Tan Xuanzhao , Zhang Xinyu , Yuan Yunbin
Published: November 2024

Troposphere modelling accuracy can seriously influence the performance of precise global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning. The temporal interpolation accuracies of troposphere parameters become important with the improvement in troposphere modelling, especially during the periods of severe weather changes. In this study, a one-month experiment was conducted for 10 EUREF Permanent GNSS Network stations to analyse the temporal interpolation errors of numerical weather model derived troposphere parameters and their influences on GNSS station coordinate and troposphere estimation. The root mean square of the differences between the 1- and 6-hourly European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis v5-derived troposphere parameters are 0.72/11.52 mm for the zenith hydrostatic/zenith wet delay (ZWD), while they are 7.09/91.84 mm for the slant hydrostatic/wet delay at a

3
∘

elevation angle. The corresponding influences on the estimated upper component and ZWD are 1.28 and 0.79 mm, respectively, in the daily static Precise Point Positioning ambiguity resolution solutions. However, the accuracy improvements are insignificant in the daily static solutions, mainly due to the drop of temporal interpolation errors with increasing elevation angles and the influence of other unmodeled systematic errors. In the 4-hourly static solutions, the accuracies of the up component improve 0.51 mm (5.9% in relative) and 0.29 mm (3.5% in relative) during the severe and stable periods, respectively. These impacts cannot be ignored in some GNSS subdaily applications, for example, monitoring non-tidal ocean loading effects, bedrock and monument thermal elastic effects, etc.
Miniaturized laser interferometer using dynamic current-wavelength modulation for high precision displacement measurement
Authors: Liao Chen-Yu , Lin Hsi-Hui , Chein Wei-Hsin , Chen Liang-Chia
Published: November 2024

This study proposes a compact displacement measurement interferometer facilitated by a novel dynamic current-wavelength modulation method for high-precision displacement measurement. This technique compensates for the modulation depth by precisely predicting the optical path difference with frequency-scanning interferometry to achieve consistent modulation depth over an extensive measurement range. Additionally, a wavelength-locking method was developed for the 1550 nm band, using the P7 absorption peak of hydrogen cyanide gas to lock the central wavelength of the laser. The experimental results showed that the wavelength stability can be kept within 128 fm for 8 h with the proposed method. Furthermore, the deviations are less than 40 nm compared to a calibrated laser interferometer within the 300 mm measurement range. This research offers precise positioning feedback for precision engineering, paving the way for advanced semiconductor manufacturing processes.
Temperature characteristics and nonlinear calibration model of self-enabled piezoelectric geocable for infrastructure monitoring
Authors: Liu Zhiming , Cai Guojun , Wang Jun , Kuang Kevin Sze Chiang , Liu Lulu , Zhao Zening
Published: November 2024

Sensor-enabled piezoelectric geocables (SPGCs) are used for strain and vibration monitoring of various infrastructures structures. However, as a distributed sensor, the influence of temperature on the monitoring signal of SPGCs is inevitable. This study tested the impedance change of SPGCs in static temperature-varying tests and carried out dynamic tensile tests at different temperatures. The static temperature-varying tests showed that, at temperatures ranging from −10 °C to 50 °C, the SPGC normalized impedance change value increased with increasing temperature. At temperatures ranging from −10 °C to 20 °C and 20 °C–50 °C, the normalized impedance change value and temperature were exponentially and linearly related, respectively. Dynamic tensile tests showed that the SPGC tensile strength and yield strain decreased with increasing temperature. With increasing temperature, the SPGC voltage waveform and value changed less, while the impedance response became more sensitive. Therefore, a nonlinear calibration model of the SPGC impedance-strain effect considering the temperature effect was proposed, which can be used for strain calculation under different field ambient temperatures. The test results revealed the influence of temperature on the mechanical and monitoring performance of SPGC, providing support for further engineering applications of this technology.
Group sparse low-rank algorithm for ultrasonic guided wave defect feature extraction
Authors: Li Xinxin , Wei Yuming , Tang Weili , Zhang Qian , Wang Zhijiao , Ye Zhenting , Mo Fujun
Published: November 2024

Ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) is highly valued in the field of nondestructive testing due to their slow energy decay and extensive detection range, displaying unique advantages particularly in the inspection of long weld defects. However, the signal of defective echo is easily masked by strong noise interference, which makes feature extraction difficult. To address this issue, this paper proposes a time–frequency analysis overlapping group sparse low-rank (TFAOGSL) model. Firstly, the group sparsity and low-rankness of UGW signals are revealed, and the TFAOGSL feature extraction is modeled on this basis. Secondly, the convexity condition of the TFAOGSL model is derived, and its optimal solution is deduced using the alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm in conjunction with the majorization–minimization algorithm. Additionally, optimal parameters for TFAOGSL were adaptively chosen using simulated signals. Finally, comparisons were made with some state-of-the-art methods, and the effectiveness of TFAOGSL was confirmed through UGW detection experiments for welding defects. The results demonstrated that this method can accurately extract defect features and has significant advantages compared to other methods.
A novel atmospheric microwave plasma source based on circular waveguide with double ridges for nitrogen fixation
Authors: Feng Kai , Wu Shaokun , Zheng Fang , Xiao Wei
Published: November 2024

The rectangular tapered waveguide is the most widely used atmospheric microwave plasma source because of its simple structure, reliable performance, and low cost. However, due to the small generated plasma volume and short residence time, this plasma source has low energy efficiency in gas conversion applications such as nitrogen fixation and methane reforming. This paper proposes a novel atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma source based on a circular waveguide to enlarge the plasma volume. Firstly, the microwave working mode in the circular waveguide is analyzed based on the electromagnetic theory. By optimizing the waveguide dimension and loading double metal ridges into the waveguide, the electric field will work in a superposition mode of TE111 and TM010 modes, focus on the discharge area, and reach its maximum intensity there. Secondly, this device is manufactured and used to generate plasma in different conditions. Compared with the rectangular tapered waveguide, this device can generate larger plasmas under the same conditions. Finally, an atmospheric microwave plasma experimental system is built for nitrogen fixation. Measured results show that the proposed device has higher nitrogen fixation production and lower energy cost compared to the rectangular tapered waveguide. Moreover, the proposed device is easy to cascade, thereby it has great potential for promotion in industrial applications.
Mechanical and tribological properties of AA2024 reinforced Al2O3 and ZrO2 hybrid composite
Authors: T Mohanraj , K Bharath Reddy , Pramanik A
Published: November 2024

Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite (HMMC) alloys are a very attractive material for excellent mechanical and tribological performance, and their properties can be easily customized by varying reinforcement types and amounts. This research investigated the mechanical and tribological properties of an Aluminium Alloy (AA) 2024 reinforced with 2 wt% Al2O3 and (2, 4, 6) wt% ZrO2 hybrid composites. The presence and distribution of reinforcements in the stir-casted samples were confirmed by SEM, EDS, and elemental mapping. The tribological tests were conducted on a pin-on-disc under dry and wet conditions using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. The SAE 20w40 oil and SAE 20w40 oil mixed with TiO2 nano additive are lubricants. The hardness and tensile strength increase linearly with the addition of a single and continue to increase with multiple reinforcements. The HMMC exhibits a maximum hardness and tensile strength of 107 BHN and 209.281 MPa, respectively. The experimental results show that the dry condition’s wear rate is much higher than that of the composites lubricated with SAE 20w40, especially SAE 20w40 with TiO2 nano additive. Compared to the base material, AA2024 reinforced with 2 wt% of Al2O3 and 6 wt% of ZrO2 exhibited an enhanced wear resistance of 0.0002353 mm3/min and COF of 0.118 with nano lubricant which is 40% and 21% higher than base lubricant.
A low-power single ended half-select free 7 T SRAM cell with improved write margin at 32 nm technology node
Authors: Tripathi Arunima , Dahiya Ayush , Mittal Poornima
Published: November 2024

A single-ended single port 7T SRAM bit-cell with a process-variation tolerant architecture and half-select resilience at 32 nm CMOS technology node is presented. The proposed 7 T (7TP) SRAM bit-cell integrates a low threshold voltage (LVTH) feedback cutting transistor along with nominal VTH devices. The reliability of the 7TP cell is presented for process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations to account for local/global variations incurred during CMOS fabrication. 7TP SRAM bit-cell consistently exhibits 6-σ deviation for static noise margin (SNM), Write Margin (WM) and delay using 1000-point Monte Carlo simulations. The 7TP bit-cell shows improved WM, SNM, power consumption and delay compared to other SRAM cell architectures. The 7TP has the lowest normalized WM-1(WM- 0) of 8.5025%(8.5025%) compared to 17.0150%(46.0875%), 36.5800%(36.5800%), 17.0150%(53.5725%), 53.5450%(14.3650%), 11.8925%(11.8925%) for 7Tn, 7Ti, 7Tj, 8T and 11T SRAM cells respectively. The read-1(read-0) and write-1(write-0) power of the 7TP cell is 887.2 nW(10.09 μW) and 1087 nW(26.6 μW) respectively. The write-1 power of 8 T, 9 T and 10 T cells is 112.2%, 113.70%, and 136.11% of 7TP cell respectively. The proposed cell has the second-best HSNM/RSNM value of 0.269 V at VDD = 0.8 V. The area of the proposed cell is 0.104 sq. μm, the least among other SRAM bit-cells.
Observation of microsphere clusters separated by pulsed laser in water environment
Authors: Ge Yang , Zhou Gaoqian , Yang Xulong , Chen Ying , Tang Xianqi , Sun Jiapeng , Li Hanyang
Published: November 2024

A separation experiment of polystyrene microspheres in water based on tapered fiber pulsed laser system was carried out. We analyzed the motion images during the separation of polystyrene microsphere clusters and investigated the influence of laser energy and initial cluster positions on the separation results. Through the study of bubbles generated by pulsed laser separation of microsphere clusters, we summarized the process of micron-sized bubble formation and the factors contributing to their prolonged existence. Additionally, we clarified the separation mechanism of microsphere clusters. The results indicate that as the laser energy increases, the separation effect of microsphere clusters improves from 151 μm to 170 μm. When the laser energy is 50.1 μJ, a more significant initial distance leads to weaker separation effects. Furthermore, the diameter of micron-sized bubbles is positively correlated with separation effects.
Geometric theory of (extended) time-reversal symmetries in stochastic processes: I. Finite dimension
Authors: O’Byrne J , Cates M E
Published: November 2024

In this article, we analyze three classes of time-reversal of a Markov process with Gaussian noise on a manifold. We first unveil a commutativity constraint for the most general of these time-reversals to be well defined. Then we give a triad of necessary and sufficient conditions for the stochastic process to be time-reversible. While most reversibility conditions in the literature require knowledge of the stationary probability, our conditions do not, and therefore can be analytically checked in a systematic way. We then show that the mathematical objects whose cancellation is required by our reversibility conditions play the role of independent sources of entropy production. Furthermore, we give a geometric interpretation of the so-called irreversible cycle-affinity as the vorticity of a certain vector field for a Riemannian geometry given by the diffusion tensor. We also discuss the relation between the time-reversability of the stochastic process and that of an associated deterministic dynamics: its Stratonovitch average. Finally, we show that a suitable choice of a reference measure—that can be considered as a prior or a gauge, depending on the context—allows to study a stochastic process in a way that is both coordinate-free and independent of the prescription used to define stochastic integrals. When this reference measure plays the role of a gauge choice, we interpret our previous results through the lens of gauge theory and prove them to be gauge-invariant.
The DAMIC-M Low Background Chamber
Authors: Arnquist I. , Avalos N. , Bailly P. , Baxter D. , Bertou X. , Bogdan M. , Bourgeois C. , Brandt J. , Cadiou A. , Castelló-Mor N. , Chavarria A.E. , Conde M. , Cuevas-Zepeda J. , Dastgheibi-Fard A. , De Dominicis C. , Deligny O. , Desani R. , Dhellot M. , Duarte-Campderros J. , Estrada E. , Florin D. , Gadola N. , Gaïor R. , Gkougkousis E.-L. , González Sánchez J. , Hope S. , Hossbach T. , Huehn M. , Kallander M. , Kilminster B. , Iddir L. , Lantero-Barreda A. , Lawson I. , Lebbolo H. , Lee S. , Leray P. , Letessier Selvon A. , Lin H. , Loaiza P. , Lopez-Virto A. , Martin D. , McGuire K.J. , Milleto T. , Mitra P. , Moya Martin D. , Munagavalasa S. , Norcini D. , Overman C. , Paul S. , Peterson D. , Piers A. , Pochon O. , Privitera P. , Reynet D. , Roach B.A. , Robmann P. , Roehnelt R. , Settimo M. , Smee S. , Smida R. , Stillwell B. , Van Wechel T. , Traina M. , Vilar R. , Vollhardt A. , Warot G. , Wolf D. , Yajur R. , Zopounidis J-P. ,   The DAMIC-M collaboration
Published: November 2024

The DArk Matter In CCDs at Modane (DAMIC-M) experiment is
designed to search for light dark matter (m
χ
< 10 GeV/c2)
at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) in France. DAMIC-M
will use skipper charge-coupled devices (CCDs) as a kg-scale active
detector target. Its single-electron resolution will enable eV-scale
energy thresholds and thus world-leading sensitivity to a range of
hidden sector dark matter candidates. A DAMIC-M prototype, the Low
Background Chamber (LBC), has been taking data at LSM since
2022. The LBC provides a low-background environment, which has been
used to characterize skipper CCDs, study dark current, and measure
radiopurity of materials planned for DAMIC-M. It also allows testing
of various subsystems like readout electronics, data acquisition
software, and slow control. This paper describes the technical
design and performance of the LBC.
A seesaw in the South Pacific western and eastern subtropical mode waters
Authors: Wang Yingying , Luo Yiyong , Qu Tangdong , Wang Xueying
Published: November 2024

The South Pacific western subtropical mode water (WSTMW) and eastern subtropical mode water (ESTMW) are important components of the subtropical meridional overturning cells. By synthesizing observations, reanalysis products, and eddy-resolving ocean model results, we find an interannual volume seesaw in the WSTMW and ESTMW during 1980–2020. Further analysis of the data and model outputs indicates that this volume seesaw is closely related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation through its modulation of the Ekman pumping velocity, buoyancy fluxes, and mixed layer depth over the formation regions of the two water masses. This negative correlation between the WSTMW and ESTMW modulates the depth of the permanent pycnocline and directly contributes to the east–west contrast between the two water masses in their core layer properties, especially, during negative phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation since 2000.
Employing the pyroelectric effect in LiTaO3 thin film for infrared detection of complex gases
Authors: Varan Ahmet Hamdi , Yaman Mehmet Fatih , Öztürk Zafer Ziya , Büyükköse Serkan , Berber Savaş , Seyidov MirHasan Yu
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the lithium tantalite (

LiTaO

3

) thin film has been employed as the highly sensitive element for infrared detection of compound (refrigerant) gases such as 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (

C

2

H

2

F

4

) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (

C

3

F

7

H

). The

LiTaO

3

thin film was subjected to the mid-infrared light from output transmission spectra of

C

2

H

2

F

4

as well as

C

3

F

7

H

molecules used as sources. The technology for preparation of

LiTaO

3

thin film as well as detector design and manufacturing are presented. Particular attention was paid to production of conductive electrodes, including a very thin semitransparent

Au

layer evaporated on the top surface of

LiTaO

3

pyroelectric material. Important characteristics of the

LiTaO

3

based pyroelectric system are briefly discussed. Additionally, the design, construction, and performance of the gas chamber operating as a channel for gas sensor testing is briefly described. The pyroelectric open-circuit voltage generated in

LiTaO

3

was boosted with a signal processing circuit for selective high-sensitivity detection of compound gases at room temperature. The infrared (IR) filters such as titanium dioxide

(

TiO

2

) and zinc oxide

ZnO

having narrow bandwidth and working at a normal incidence were integrated into a compact and portable pyroelectric micro-sensor before the

LiTaO

3

pyroelectric element in the same package for cleaning background in a broad IR spectrum of both refrigerant gases. The performance, stability, and accuracy of fabricated

LiTaO

3

-based IR gas sensors operating on the pyroelectric open-circuit voltage were tested and improved. IR gas sensors designed and prepared in this study can be utilized for non-contact, sensitive, and selective detection of highly hazardous and explosive gases.
Scalar-flat Kähler metrics with varying cone angle singularities along a divisor
Authors: Oliveira Gonçalo , Sena-Dias Rosa
Published: November 2024

Using an ansatz due to LeBrun we construct complete scalar-flat Kähler metrics with a prescribed varying conical singularity along a divisor.
Mutual singularity of Riesz products on the unit sphere
Authors: Doubtsov Evgueni
Published: November 2024

We prove analogs of Peyrière’s mutual singularity theorem for standard and generalized Riesz products on the unit sphere of

C

n

\mathbb {C}^n

,

n
≥
2

n\ge 2

. As a corollary, we obtain an analog of Zygmund’s dichotomy for the Riesz products under consideration.
Trauma and Trauma Sensitivity
Authors: Laser Julie Anne , Nicotera Nicole
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses trauma and trauma sensitivity, including a definition of both concepts. The chapter also highlights how trauma lives in the body and how through activity it can be ameliorated. The window of tolerance is defined, and the concepts of relax zone, learning zone, and panic zone are explained. The window of tolerance is discussed more specifically in terms of clinical therapy with clients who have experienced trauma. The authors discuss both physical and emotional signs that the client is entering the panic zone. Skills for educating clients about the window of tolerance and how to put on the brakes between learning zone and panic zone are discussed.
Risk Management
Authors: Laser Julie Anne , Nicotera Nicole
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses the risks associated with Experiential Therapy. This includes the importance of knowing your client prior to beginning Experiential Therapy. The authors explain how they introduce the idea of Experiential Therapy to their clients and the collaborative exploration of whether it’s a good fit for them. Additionally, risks, both physical and emotional, are discussed for both the clinician and the client. The differences between foreseeable risks versus unforeseeable risks, including triggers/activation, are discussed and examples are shared. The authors share risk-management tools and the checklist they have created and use regularly to ensure that risks are minimized. They discuss the importance of having a plan and a back-up plan. The importance of careful preparation and planning is emphasized throughout the chapter.
Experiential Therapy in the Natural Realm
Authors: Laser Julie Anne , Nicotera Nicole
Published: November 2024

Chapter 8 discusses Experiential Therapy in the natural realm. Additional risks and benefits of moving clinical intervention into nature are shared. The authors discuss how they begin Experiential Therapy in nature with clients, as well as the pace of Experiential Therapy in nature, and they share some of the metaphors they use. They discuss the importance of knowing the bioregion, the ability to create awe in nature, and the concept of soloing, and they describe the progression of Experiential Therapy activities in nature. They explain how they organize outdoor interventions by seasons and share protocols for a wide variety of outdoor activities: walking, hiking, challenge course, road biking, camping, paddleboarding, and snowshoeing.
The Scientific Sublime in Imperial Rome
Authors: Glauthier Patrick
Published: November 2024

This book charts the role of the sublime in first-century debates about how and why we investigate the natural world. The sublimity of the study of nature—in other words, the scientific sublime—is an animating force in Manilius, Seneca’s Natural Questions, Lucan, the Aetna, and, in the book’s epilogue, the Elder Pliny. These authors work with, and sometimes against, multiple traditions of ancient philosophy and ancient science, including early Greek natural philosophy, Stoic and Epicurean physics and meteorology, and mathematical astronomy and astrology. Despite this shared intellectual background, each author inflects the scientific sublime differently, and even though they do not explicitly theorize the sublime, they repeatedly juxtapose competing modes of sublimity and push readers to think about their relative merits and social functions. As the nature of Roman imperium and public life evolve, the scientific sublime figures the experience of infinite and unending empire, functions as an antidote to the corrupting influences of the seamy present, collapses under the weight of its own pretensions, and makes way for the appreciation of wonders that we cannot comprehend, the spectacle of nature. From this perspective, the scientific sublime constitutes a medium of philosophical communication and debate that fuels a vital current of Latin literary production. This book, then, tells a new story about the study of nature at Rome, locates the sublimity of that study at the center of early imperial Latin literature, and thereby renders the classical sublime more expansive, dynamic, and contested.
Infallibility Through Non-Demonstrative Reasoning
Authors: Kvanvig Jonathan L
Published: November 2024

The goal of this chapter is to develop a skeptical position capable of articulating the gold standard for non-monotonic reasoning, of the sort central to our knowledge of the future. The gold standard in question involves the idea of the locus of control over getting to the truth and avoiding error that is within cognizers themselves, in such a way that infallibility can be properly characterized in terms of this idea of locus of control. The need for such an account arises because of the problem of epistemic imperialism, demanding that non-monotonic reasoning be explained in terms of deductive argumentation. It is easy to see why one might despair that any such account can be developed, but this chapter will show how such an account is possible.
Close Approximations
Authors: Kvanvig Jonathan L
Published: November 2024

In light of theory development on the part of the skeptic, a fallibilist response is needed. Moreover, this response will be more promising the more sensitive it is to the tinge of infallibility to which skepticism calls our attention. In order to develop a sensitive version of fallibilism, we attend to the difference between merely accommodating a bit of data and predicting it, arguing that a properly sensitiver version of fallibilism will not only accommodate the data about the infelicity of concessive attitudes and attributions, but also will predict it. The account will be Gricean in character, but differ from extant Gricean accounts by developing an approximationist account of the data that both accommodates and predicts it.
Introduction
Authors: Damkjær Maria
Published: November 2024

The idea that the pressures of the page help generate content are grounded in this Introduction, which introduces the theory and methodologies supporting the argument. The methodology is guided by an interest in typographical and narrative failures, a ground-up approach to genre rather than predetermined categories, and a commitment to look and think beyond the canon. The ideas of rhetorical genre theory and modern dynamic theoretical approaches to genre underpin a project that is more interested in the blurred edges than the secure centres of genres. The Introduction also touches on the book’s approach to the printed page, to readers (real and imagined), and to the lessons of Digital Humanities.
Product Placement
Authors: Damkjær Maria
Published: November 2024

Product placement was frowned upon in nineteenth-century magazine fiction, but it was not unheard of. This chapter discusses the history of both brand entanglement and the strong opposition to it. After discussing product placement as a challenge to one of M.M. Bakhtin’s tenets of genre quotation, the chapter focuses on George Augustus Sala and Elizabeth Gaskell, who both dropped the name of a publication within their fiction. It also outlines the graphic design that ostensibly kept advertising and other content distinct from each other in nineteenth-century magazines. By sketching the history of product placement, the chapter discusses status, the problem of print’s commercialism, and the genre fluidity of the nineteenth century. This chapter develops the idea of the reciprocal relationship between some texts and their magazine contexts, and asks how readers were expected to recognize one genre or distinguish between genres in a printed product that was characterized by genre uncertainty.
The Function of Fiction
Authors: Damkjær Maria
Published: November 2024

Two magazines, the obscure Household Friend (1851–2) and the well-known Family Herald (1842–1940), published stories that were completely enmeshed with the fate of the periodical. These stories were filler, literature, and advertising at the same time. Not only do these stories show us powerful print imaginaries, they also ask us to consider: what is the function of narrative fiction in the periodical? The chapter develops the central argument that genre mixture is reciprocal, productive, and a creative part of print culture. It also comes the closest to discussing canonical serial novels as promotional agents for their periodical contexts, by bringing in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations. Was there a moment, before it was reprinted in volume form, when Great Expectations was entangled in the needs to fills space and sell numbers? Can we relativize the fate of the serial novel by asking how ‘novel-like’ it seemed in its periodical form?
PartIES: a disease subtyping framework with Partition-level Integration using diffusion-Enhanced Similarities from multi-omics Data
Authors: Miao Yuqi , Xu Huang , Wang Shuang
Published: November 2024

Integrating multi-omics data helps identify disease subtypes. Many similarity-based methods were developed for disease subtyping using multi-omics data, with many of them focusing on extracting common clustering structures across multiple types of omics data, but not preserving data-type-specific clustering structures. Moreover, clustering performance of similarity-based methods is affected when similarity measures are noisy. Here we proposed PartIES, a Partition-level Integration using diffusion-Enhanced Similarities to perform disease subtyping using multi-omics data. PartIES uses diffusion to reduce noises in individual similarity/kernel matrices from individual omics data types first, and then extract partition information from diffusion-enhanced similarity matrices and integrate the partition-level similarity through a weighted average iteratively. Simulation studies showed that (1) the diffusion step enhances clustering accuracy, and (2) PartIES outperforms competing methods, particularly when omics data types provide different clustering structures. Using mRNA, long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs expression data, DNA methylation data, and somatic mutation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas project, PartIES identified subtypes in bladder urothelial carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, and thyroid carcinoma that are most significantly associated with patient survival across all methods. Further investigations suggested that among subtype-associated genes, many of those that are highly interacting with other genes are known important cancer genes. The identified cancer subtypes also have different activity levels for some known cancer-related pathways. The R code can be accessed at https://github.com/yuqimiao/PartIES.git
Using computed tomography atrial myocardial thickness maps in cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation: the UTMOST AF II randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kim Daehoon , Kwon Oh-Seok , Hwang Taehyun , Park Hanjin , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Joung Boyoung , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Pak Hui-Nam
Published: November 2024

Aims

Whether adjusting the duration of ablation based on left atrial wall thickness (LAWT) provides extra benefits for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is uncertain. We studied the safety and efficacy of tailored cryoballoon PV isolation (CB-PVI) based on LAWT for paroxysmal AF.

Methods and results

Two hundred seventy-seven patients with paroxysmal AF refractory to anti-arrhythmic drug were randomized 1:1 to either LAWT-guided CB-PVI (n = 135) and empirical CB-PVI (n = 142). Empirical CB-PVI was performed using a 28 mm cryoballoon with recommended application for 240 s per ablation. Cryoapplication in the LAWT-guided group was titrated (additional application for 120 s at PVs, where >25% of the circumference includes segments with LAWT > 2.5 mm and reduced baseline application to 180 s at PVs where >75% of the circumference includes segments with LAWT < 1.5 mm) according to the computed tomography LAWT colour map. The primary endpoint was freedom from any documented atrial arrhythmia of more than 30 s without antiarrhythmic medication, after a single ablation procedure. During a mean follow-up of 18.7 months, patients in the LAWT-guided CB-PVI group (70.8%) had a higher event-free rate from primary endpoint than those in the empirical CB-PVI group (54.4%; hazard ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.99; P = 0.043). No differences were observed between the groups in complication rates (3.0% in LAWT-guided vs. 4.9% in empirical CB-PVI). The total procedure time was extended in the LAWT group than in the empirical group (mean 70.2 vs. 65.2 min, respectively).

Conclusion

The LAWT-guided energy titration strategy improved freedom from atrial arrhythmia recurrence, compared with conventional strategy.
Error analysis for a finite element approximation of the steady p·-Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Berselli Luigi C , Kaltenbach Alex
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we examine a finite element approximation of the steady $p(\cdot )$-Navier–Stokes equations ($p(\cdot )$ is variable dependent) and prove orders of convergence by assuming natural fractional regularity assumptions on the velocity vector field and the kinematic pressure. Compared to previous results, we treat the convective term and employ a more practicable discretization of the power-law index $p(\cdot )$. Numerical experiments confirm the quasi-optimality of the a priori error estimates (for the velocity) with respect to fractional regularity assumptions on the velocity vector field and the kinematic pressure.
Exploring the Unseen: Archival Ethnography of Rejected Applications at the Ulm School of Design (HfG Ulm)
Authors: Ober Maya
Published: November 2024

The Ulm School of Design (1953–1968) emerged in post-Nazi Germany to champion rational, functional, and socially responsible design. Despite its commitment to equity, little attention has been given to how this vision was expressed in everyday institutional life, specifically with regard to admission practices. This article explores the overlooked realm of rejection stories, probing the impact of ideas about quality, aptness, and rational problem-solving on the perpetuation of social positions and design paradigms. Using archival ethnography and feminist approaches, the article unveils hidden dimensions of admission practices at the Ulm School of Design, unraveling who was rejected and why. It delves into archival documents, including admission records, to analyze decision-making processes and assess their alignment with sociopolitical commitments. The micro-histories and stories of rejected applicants expose the interplay between Ulmian design principles and institutional practices. Drawing from Sara Ahmed’s insights on institutional life, the article traces historical roots, exploring how gender, race, class, and power intersect in Ulm’s admission processes. By scrutinizing these hidden dimensions, the article sheds light on the intricate mechanics of everyday life at the Ulm School, revealing their connection to prevailing design narratives of rationality and functionality.
Pollinator-mediated isolation promotes coexistence of closely related food-deceptive orchids
Authors: Newman Ethan , Johnson Steven D
Published: November 2024

Identifying the factors that contribute to reproductive isolation among closely related species is key for understanding the diversification of lineages. In this study, we investigate the strength of premating and postmating reproductive isolation barriers between Disa ferruginea and Disa gladioliflora, a pair of closely related species, often found co-flowering in sympatry. Both species are non-rewarding and rely on mimicry of different rewarding model flowers for the attraction of pollinators. We constructed abiotic niche models for different forms of each taxon to measure ecogeographic isolation. Using experimental arrays in sympatry, we recorded pollinator transitions to measure ethological isolation. We performed hand pollinations to measure postpollination isolation. We found strong, but not complete, premating isolation associated with abiotic niches and absolute pollinator-mediated isolation based on pollinator preferences in sympatry. Pollinator preferences among the orchids could be explained largely by flower colour (orange in D. ferruginea and pink in D. gladioliflora) which matches that of the pollinator food plants. Post-mating barriers were weak as the species were found to be inter-fertile. Coexistence in the orchid species pair is due mainly to pollinator-mediated reproductive isolation arising from flower colour differences resulting from mimicry of different rewarding plants. These results highlight the importance of signalling traits for the pollinator-mediated isolation of closely related species with specialized pollination systems.
Gray wolf mortality patterns in Wisconsin from 1979 to 2012
Authors: Roberts Nathan M , Stenglein Jennifer L , Wydeven Adrian P , Stauffer Glenn E , MacFarland David M , Van Deelen Timothy R , Olson Erik R
Published: November 2024

Illegal killing (poaching) of wildlife is a problem that warrants legitimate and objective investigation. Treves et al. (2017) use data from reported wolf mortalities in Wisconsin to estimate unreported and unobserved mortality and poaching rates of unmonitored wolves. This publication is frequently cited and often used to advocate for various policy recommendations despite nontrivial problems in analysis resulting in incorrect inference. We provide a constructive examination of this work and we identify significant methodological and analytical flaws that lead to consequential but faulty conclusions about levels of annual mortality that wolf populations can sustain. We also contrast the conclusions of Treves et al. (2017) with established literature on wolf demographics and observed changes in the Wisconsin wolf population and conclude that the observed population growth would not have been possible with mortality rates estimated by their publication.