bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Hypertension in 106,268 Korean Self-Reported Never-Smokers Verified by Cotinine
Authors: Kim Byung Jin , Kang Jeong Gyu , Kim Ji Hye , Seo Dae Chul , Sung Ki Chul , Kim Bum Soo , Kang Jin Ho
Published: August 2019

No study has reported the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and hypertension in self-reported never-smokers verified by nicotine metabolite. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between SHS exposure and hypertension in self-reported and cotinine-verified never-smokers. A total of 106,268 self-reported never-smokers, verified as nonsmokers by urinary cotinine, who participated in Kangbuk Samsung Cohort study (KSCS) between 2012 and 2016 were included. Cotinine-verified nonsmokers were defined as individuals having urinary cotinine <50 ng/mL. SHS exposure was defined as current exposure to passive smoke indoors at home or the workplace. The multivariate regression model revealed that SHS exposure was associated with hypertension (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)), 1.16 (1.08, 1.24)). Current SHS exposure that has been exposed to home SHS (1.22 (1.11, 1.33)) as well as current SHS exposure only at the workplace (1.15 (1.02, 1.29)) significantly increased the ORs for hypertension compared to no SHS exposure. There was no significant gender interaction for the relationships between SHS exposure and hypertension. This study showed that SHS exposure was significantly associated with hypertension in self-reported never-smokers verified as nonsmokers by urinary cotinine, suggesting necessity of health program and stricter smoking regulation to reduce the risk of hypertension.
Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction Are at Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Schrutka Lore , Seirer Benjamin , Duca Franz , Binder Christina , Dalos Daniel , Kammerlander Andreas , Aschauer Stefan , Koller Lorenz , Benazzo Alberto , Agibetov Asan , Gwechenberger Marianne , Hengstenberg Christian , Mascherbauer Julia , Bonderman Diana
Published: August 2019

Aims. Two thirds of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have an indication for oral anticoagulation (OAC) to prevent thromboembolic events. However, evidence regarding the safety of OAC in HFpEF is limited. Therefore, our aim was to describe bleeding events and to find predictors of bleeding in a large HFpEF cohort. Methods and Results. We recorded bleeding events in a prospective HFpEF cohort. Out of 328 patients (median age 71 years (interquartile range (IQR) 67–77)), 64.6% (n = 212) were treated with OAC. Of those, 65.1% (n = 138) received vitamin-K-antagonists (VKA) and 34.9% (n = 72) non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs). During a median follow-up time of 42 (IQR 17–63) months, a total of 54 bleeding events occurred. Patients on OAC experienced more bleeding events (n = 49 (23.1%) versus n = 5 (4.3%), p < 0.001). Major drivers of events were gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (n = 18 (36.7%)]. HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly) score (hazard ratios (HR) of 2.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65–2.79, p < 0.001)) was the strongest independent predictor for overall bleeding. In the subgroup of GI bleeding, mean right atrial pressure (mRAP: HR of 1.13 (95% CI 1.03–1.25, p = 0.013)) and HAS-BLED score (HR of 1.74 (95% CI 1.15–2.64, p = 0.009)] remained significantly associatiated with bleeding events after adjustment. mRAP provided additional prognostic value beyond the HAS-BLED score with an improvement from 0.63 to 0.71 (95% CI 0.58–0.84, p for comparison 0.032), by C-statistic. This additional prognostic value was confirmed by significant improvements in net reclassification index (61.3%, p = 0.019) and integrated discrimination improvement (3.4%, p = 0.015). Conclusion. OAC-treated HFpEF patients are at high risk of GI bleeding. High mRAP as an indicator of advanced stage of disease was predictive for GI bleeding events and provided additional risk stratification information beyond that obtained by HAS-BLED score.
The State of Lupus Clinical Trials: Minority Participation Needed
Authors: Sheikh Saira Z. , Wanty Nicole I. , Stephens Joncel , Holtz Kristen D. , McCalla Sheryl
Published: August 2019

In the United States, the reported prevalence of lupus is 100,000 to 500,000 patients. Lupus disproportionately affects minority populations, including African Americans and Latinos, and the associated health disparities are substantial. Women are at a higher risk of lupus than men and lupus prevalence is the highest in African Americans and Latinos compared to non-Hispanic whites. African Americans and Latinos also have increased disease symptom severity, experience more lupus-related complications, and have a two- to three-fold mortality rate compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Lupus clinical trials offer opportunities for quality care and can result in new treatment options, but African Americans and Latinos are underrepresented in clinical trials because of substantial patient- and provider-side barriers. In conjunction with the limited knowledge of clinical trials that potential participants may have, the healthcare staff approaching participants have limited time to adequately educate and explain the aspects of clinical trials. Indeed, ninety percent of clinical trials fail to meet their recruitment goals on time, so a multi-faceted approach is necessary to address the issue of low minority participation in clinical trials.
Aseptic Ligatures Induce Marginal Peri-Implant Bone Loss—An 8-Week Trial in Rabbits
Authors: Reinedahl David , Galli Silvia , Albrektsson Tomas , Tengvall Pentti , Johansson Carina B. , Hammarström Johansson Petra , Wennerberg Ann
Published: August 2019

The clinical value of ligature-induced experimental peri-implantitis studies has been questioned due to the artificial nature of the model. Despite repeated claims that ligatures of silk, cotton and other materials may not induce bone resorption by themselves; a recent review showed that the tissue reaction toward them has not been investigated. Hence, the current study aimed to explore the hard and soft tissue reactions toward commonly used ligature materials. A total of 60 dental implants were inserted into the femur (n = 20) and tibia (n = 40) of 10 rabbits. The femoral implants were ligated with sterile 3-0 braided silk in one leg and sterile cotton retraction chord in the other leg. The tibial implants were ligated with silk or left as non-ligated controls. All wounds were closed in layers. After a healing time of 8 weeks, femoral (silk versus cotton) and proximal tibial (silk versus non-ligated control) implants were investigated histologically. Distal tibial (silk versus non-ligated control) implants were investigated with real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The distance from the implant-top to first bone contact point was longer for silk ligated implants compared to non-ligated controls (p = 0.007), but did not vary between cotton and silk. The ligatures triggered an immunological reaction with cell infiltrates in close contact with the ligature materials, adjacent soft tissue encapsulation and bone resorption. qPCR further demonstrated an upregulated immune response toward the silk ligatures compared to non-ligated controls. Silk and cotton ligatures provoke foreign body reactions of soft tissue encapsulation type and bone resorption around implants in the absence of plaque.
Mechanical Ventilation Strategies Targeting Different Magnitudes of Collapse and Tidal Recruitment in Porcine Acid Aspiration-Induced Lung Injury
Authors: Haase Juliane , Buchloh Dorina C. , Hammermüller Sören , Salz Peter , Mrongowius Julia , Carvalho Nadja C. , Beda Alessandro , Rau Anna , Starke Henning , Spieth Peter M. , Gittel Claudia , Muders Thomas , Wrigge Hermann , Reske Andreas W.
Published: August 2019

Reducing ventilator-associated lung injury by individualized mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) remains a matter of research. We randomly assigned 27 pigs with acid aspiration-induced ARDS to three different MV protocols for 24 h, targeting different magnitudes of collapse and tidal recruitment (collapse&TR): the ARDS-network (ARDSnet) group with low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) protocol (permissive collapse&TR); the Open Lung Concept (OLC) group, PaO2/FiO2 >400 mmHg, indicating collapse&TR <10%; and the minimized collapse&TR monitored by Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) group, standard deviation of regional ventilation delay, SDRVD. We analyzed cardiorespiratory parameters, computed tomography (CT), EIT, and post-mortem histology. Mean PEEP over post-randomization measurements was significantly lower in the ARDSnet group at 6.8 ± 1.0 cmH2O compared to the EIT (21.1 ± 2.6 cmH2O) and OLC (18.7 ± 3.2 cmH2O) groups (general linear model (GLM) p < 0.001). Collapse&TR and SDRVD, averaged over all post-randomization measurements, were significantly lower in the EIT and OLC groups than in the ARDSnet group (collapse p < 0.001, TR p = 0.006, SDRVD p < 0.004). Global histological diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) scores in the ARDSnet group (10.1 ± 4.3) exceeded those in the EIT (8.4 ± 3.7) and OLC groups (6.3 ± 3.3) (p = 0.16). Sub-scores for edema and inflammation differed significantly (ANOVA p < 0.05). In a clinically realistic model of early ARDS with recruitable and nonrecruitable collapse, mechanical ventilation involving recruitment and high-PEEP reduced collapse&TR and resulted in improved hemodynamic and physiological conditions with a tendency to reduced histologic lung damage.
Kidney Disease in HIV Infection
Authors: Alfano Gaetano , Cappelli Gianni , Fontana Francesco , Di Lullo Luca , Di Iorio Biagio , Bellasi Antonio , Guaraldi Giovanni
Published: August 2019

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved life expectancy of infected subjects, generating a new epidemiological setting of people aging withHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). People living with HIV (PLWH), having longer life expectancy, now face several age-related conditions as well as side effects of long-term exposure of ART. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity in this population. CKD is a relentlessly progressive disease that may evolve toward end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and significantly affect quality of life and risk of death. Herein, we review current understanding of renal involvement in PLWH, mechanisms and risk factors for CKD as well as strategies for early recognition of renal dysfunction and best care of CKD.
TMJ Dysfunctions Systemic Implications and Postural Assessments: A Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Sambataro Sergio , Cervino Gabriele , Bocchieri Salvatore , La Bruna Rosario , Cicciù Marco
Published: August 2019

Cases of correlations between posture and the temporomandibular joint have long been reported in the literature. In particular, occlusal anomalies, and therefore malocclusion, could have negative implications for the spine. The objective of this study was to review the literature and bring to light any correlations between temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and posturology. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Embase scientific search engines with the aim of obtaining the most possible results in the initial search, the number of results initially obtained was 263. Subsequently, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reduced first to 83 and subsequently to manual analysis of the articles, those included remained only 11. The results show a correlation between anomalies of the TMJ and dysfunctions of the vertebral column. Not all the articles considered are in agreement with each other regarding epidemiological data, but surely this study can represent an important starting point for a much more careful evaluation of the dental patient and at the same time for the request for counseling by a dentist in case of postural abnormalities.
Risk Causal Analysis of Traffic-Intensive Waters Based on Infectious Disease Dynamics
Authors: Chen Yong-jun , Liu Qing , Wan Cheng-peng
Published: August 2019

Accidents occur frequently in traffic-intensive waters, which restrict the safe and rapid development of the shipping industry. Due to the suddenness, randomness, and uncertainty of accidents in traffic-intensive waters, the probability of the risk factors causing traffic accidents is usually high. Thus, properly analyzing those key risk factors is of great significance to improve the safety of shipping. Based on the analysis of influencing factors of ship navigational risks in traffic-intensive waters, this paper proposes a cloud model to excavate the factors affecting navigational risk, which could accurately screen out the key risk factors. Furthermore, the risk causal model of ship navigation in traffic-intensive waters is constructed by using the infectious disease dynamics method in order to model the key risk causal transmission process. Moreover, an empirical study of the Yangtze River estuary is conducted to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed models. The research results show that the cloud model is useful in screening the key risk factors, and the constructed causal model of ship navigational risks in traffic-intensive waters is able to provide accurate analysis of the transmission process of key risk factors, which can be used to reduce the navigational risk of ships in traffic-intensive waters. This research provides both theoretical basis and practical reference for regulators in the risk management and control of ships in traffic-intensive waters.
Life Cycle Performance Assessment Tool Development and Application with a Focus on Maintenance Aspects
Authors: Gualeni Paola , Flore Giordano , Maggioncalda Matteo , Marsano Giorgia
Published: August 2019

Ships are among the most complex systems in the world. The always increasing interest in environmental aspects, the evolution of technologies and the introduction of new rule constraints in the maritime field have compelled the innovation of the ship design approach. At an early design stage, there is the need to compare different design solutions, also in terms of environmental performance, building and operative costs over the whole ship life cycle. In this context, the Life Cycle Performance Assessment (LCPA) tool allows an integrated design approach merging the evaluation of both costs and environmental performances on a comparative basis, among different design solutions. Starting from the first tool release, this work aims to focus on the maintenance of the propulsion system, developing a flexible calculation method for maintenance costs prediction, based on the ship operational profiles and the selected technical solution. After the improvement, the whole LCPA tool has been applied on a research vessel to evaluate, among different propulsion layout solutions, the one with the more advantageous performance in terms of costs during the whole vessel operating life. The identification of the best design solution is strictly dependent on the selection criterion and the point of view of the interested parties using the LCPA tool, e.g., the shipbuilder or the ship-owner.
Estimated Burden of Fungal Infections in Namibia
Authors: Dunaiski Cara M. , Denning David W.
Published: August 2019

Namibia is a sub-Saharan country with one of the highest HIV infection rates in the world. Although care and support services are available that cater for opportunistic infections related to HIV, the main focus is narrow and predominantly aimed at tuberculosis. We aimed to estimate the burden of serious fungal infections in Namibia, currently unknown, based on the size of the population at risk and available epidemiological data. Data were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and published reports. When no data existed, risk populations were used to estimate the frequencies of fungal infections, using the previously described methodology. The population of Namibia in 2011 was estimated at 2,459,000 and 37% were children. Among approximately 516,390 adult women, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (≥4 episodes /year) is estimated to occur in 37,390 (3003/100,000 females). Using a low international average rate of 5/100,000, we estimated 125 cases of candidemia, and 19 patients with intra-abdominal candidiasis. Among survivors of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Namibia 2017, 112 new cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) are likely, a prevalence of 354 post-TB and a total prevalence estimate of 453 CPA patients in all. Asthma affects 11.2% of adults, 178,483 people, and so allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) were estimated in approximately 179/100,000 and 237/100,000 people, respectively. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is estimated to affect 15 patients following leukaemia therapy, and an estimated 0.13% patients admitted to hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (259) and 4% of HIV-related deaths (108) — a total of 383 people. The total HIV-infected population is estimated at 200,000, with 32,371 not on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among HIV-infected patients, 543 cases of cryptococcal meningitis and 836 cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia are estimated each year. Tinea capitis infections were estimated at 53,784 cases, and mucormycosis at five cases. Data were missing for fungal keratitis and skin neglected fungal tropical diseases such as mycetoma. The present study indicates that approximately 5% of the Namibian population is affected by fungal infections. This study is not an epidemiological study—it illustrates estimates based on assumptions derived from similar studies. The estimates are incomplete and need further epidemiological and diagnostic studies to corroborate, amend them, and improve the diagnosis and management of these diseases.
Diagnosis of Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis in Advanced HIV: A Meta-Analysis of Assay Analytical Performance
Authors: Caceres Diego H. , Knuth Martha , Derado Gordana , Lindsley Mark D.
Published: August 2019

Histoplasmosis is an important cause of mortality in people with advanced HIV, especially in countries with limited access to diagnostic assays. Histoplasmosis can be diagnosed using culture, histopathology, and antibody, antigen, and molecular assays. Several factors may affect the analytical performance of these laboratory assays, including sample type, clinical stage of the disease, and previous use of antifungal treatment, among others. Here we describe the results of a systematic literature review, followed by a meta-analysis of the analytical performances of the diagnostic laboratory assays employed. Our initial search identified 1631 references, of which 1559 references were excluded after title and abstract screening, leaving 72 references identified as studies relevant to the validation of histoplasmosis diagnostic assays. After evaluating the full text, 30 studies were selected for final review, including one paper not identified in the initial search. The meta-analysis for assay analytical performance shows the following results for the overall sensitivity (Sen) and specificity (Spe) of the various methods evaluated: Culture, Sen 77% (no data for specificity calculation); antibody detection assays, Sen 58%/Spe 100%; antigen detection assays, Sen 95%/Spe 97%; and DNA detection assays (molecular), Sen 95%/Spe 99%. Of the 30 studies reviewed, nearly half (n = 13) evaluated Histoplasma antigen assays, which were determined to be the most accurate methodology for diagnosis of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in advanced HIV (inverse of the negative likelihood ratio was 13.2). Molecular assays appear promising for accurate diagnosis of histoplasmosis, but consensus on exact techniques is needed. Cultures showed variable sensitivity related to sample type and laboratory handling. Finally, antibody assays presented high specificity but low sensitivity. This poor sensitivity is most likely due the highly immunosuppressed state of this patient population. Diagnostic assays are crucial for accurate diagnosis of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) with advanced HIV disease.
Mesoporous Palladium N,N’-Bis(3-Allylsalicylidene)o-Phenylenediamine-Methyl Acrylate Resins as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Heck Coupling Reaction
Authors: Mella Claudio , Torres Cecilia C. , Pecchi Gina , Campos Cristian H.
Published: August 2019

Palladium N,N’-bis(3-allylsalicylidene)o-phenylenediamine complex (PdAS) immobilized onto mesoporous polymeric methyl acrylate (MA) based resins (PdAS(x)-MA, x = 1, 2, 5, or 10 wt.%) were successfully prepared as heterogeneous catalysts for the Heck reaction. The catalysts were synthesized via radical suspension polymerization using PdAS as a metal chelate monomer, divinylbenzene and MA as co-monomers. The effect of the PdAS(x) content on the physicochemical properties of the resins is also reported. The catalysts were characterized by using a range of analytical techniques. The large surface area (>580 m2·g−1) and thermal stability (up to 250 °C) of the PdAS(x)-MA materials allows their application as catalysts in the C–C coupling reaction between iodobenzene and MA in the presence of trimethylamine at 120 °C using DMF as the solvent. The PdAS(10)-MA catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic performance with no significant catalytic loss being observed after five reuses, thereby indicating excellent catalyst stability in the reaction medium.
Fatigue Life Estimation for Suspenders of a Three-Pylon Suspension Bridge Based on Vehicle–Bridge-Interaction Analysis
Authors: Cui Chuanjie , Chen Airong , Ma Rujin , Wang Benjin , Xu Shiqiao
Published: August 2019

Fatigue damage of suspenders is a main concern during the life-cycle maintenance of arch bridges and suspension bridges. This paper presents a practical framework for estimating the fatigue life of suspenders under repeated traffic loads by taking a three-pylon suspension bridge as an example. First, the basic theory of vehicle–bridge interaction (VBI) is introduced and a finite element model of the bridge structure is established. Second, the fatigue load spectrum is defined in detail based on the analysis of WIM (weigh-in-motion) data. And then, parametric analysis is carried out to clarify the influence of road roughness, vehicle speed, and driving lanes. Among which, the time-dependent stress laws are simulated according to the defined fatigue load spectrum and the stress range is counted through the Rain flow counting method. At last, the fatigue life of uncorroded suspenders and naturally corroded suspenders is estimated by an S–N curve and Miner cumulative damage criterion. Results reveal that the fatigue life of suspenders is more than 100 years if no corrosion happens, while less than 20 years for short suspenders considering the influence of natural corrosion.
Corrosion and Residual Strength Analysis of High Pressure Die Casting AM Series Mg Alloys
Authors: Zheng Tianxu , Hu Yaobo , Meng Wanqiu , Tang Aitao , Pan Fusheng
Published: August 2019

Higher pressure die casting (HPDC) AM series (Mg-Al-Mn) Mg alloys have wide application potential in the automobile industry. To promote its application, systematic investigation on the corrosion performance and corrosion residual strength of HPDC AM50+1Ce and AM60 was carried out. The corrosion of HPDC AM50+1Ce was more uniform, while the pitting corrosion of AM60 was more severe, and the mechanical properties of HPDC AM60 was more sensitive to corrosion. The residual strength of AM50+1Ce and AM60 after corrosion of 648 h was 199 MPa and 183 MPa, respectively. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of the corrosion and residual strength of HPDC AM series Mg alloys.
Comparison of Vacancy Sink Efficiency of Cu/V and Cu/Nb Interfaces by the Shared Cu Layer
Authors: Chen Huaqiang , Du Jinlong , Liang Yanxia , Wang Peipei , Huang Jinchi , Zhang Jian , Zhao Yunbiao , Wang Xingjun , Zhang Xianfeng , Wang Yuehui , Stanciu George A. , Fu Engang
Published: August 2019

This paper provides a new method to compare and then reveal the vacancy sink efficiencies quantitively between different hetero-interfaces with a shared Cu layer in one sample, in contrast to previous studies, which have compared the vacancy sink efficiencies of interfaces in different samples. Cu-Nb-Cu-V nanoscale metallic multilayer composites (NMMCs) containing Cu/V and Cu/Nb interfaces periodically were prepared as research samples and bombarded with helium ions to create vacancies which were filled by helium bubbles. A special Cu layer shared by adjoining Cu/V and Cu/Nb interfaces exists, in which the implanted helium concentration reaches its maximum and remains nearly constant with a well-designed incident energy. The results show that bubble-denuded zones (BDZ) close to interfaces exist, and that the width of the BDZ close to the Cu/V interface is less than that of Cu/Nb interface. This result is explained by one-dimensional diffusion theory, and the ratio of vacancy sink efficiency between Cu/V and Cu/Nb interfaces is calculated. Conclusively, Cu/Nb interfaces are more efficient than Cu/V interfaces in eliminating vacancies induced by radiation.
Substrate Temperature Dependent Microstructure and Electron-Induced Secondary Electron Emission Properties of Magnetron Sputter-Deposited Amorphous Carbon Films
Authors: Li Jie , Yi Xingkang , Hu Wenbo , Gao Buyu , Li Yongdong , Wu Shengli , Lin Shu , Zhang Jintao
Published: August 2019

For special instruments or equipments including particle accelerators, space microwave devices and spacecrafts, the suppression for electron-induced secondary electron emission (SEE) occurring on the component surfaces is of great significance due to a negative influence caused by SEE on their normal operations. In this paper, amorphous carbon (a-C) films were prepared on stainless-steel substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, and the effects of substrate temperature (Ts) and continuous electron bombardment on the microstructure and secondary electron emission yield (SEY) of a-C film were investigated in order to achieve a better inhibition for SEE. The experimental results show that a rise of Ts during the a-C film preparation is conducive to a SEY reduction and an increase of multipactor threshold due to the increases of surface roughness and sp2 bond content. In addition, although the SEY of a-C film has a slight increase with the rise of electron bombardment time, the a-C film sample with a lower SEY keeps its lower SEY all the time during continuous electron bombardment. The a-C film prepared at Ts of 500 °C has the lowest SEY peak value of 1.09 with a reduction of 30.6% in comparison with the stainless-steel substrate.
Applicability of Yielding–Resisting Sand Column and Three-Dimensional Coordination Support in Stopes
Authors: Meng Fanbao , Wen Zhijie , Shen Baotang , Jiang Yujing , Shi Shaoshuai , Zhao Renle
Published: August 2019

In view of the existing problems of stope roadways, which are difficult to maintain under the influence of high ground and mining-induced stresses, the structural characteristics and movement regularities of stopes surrounding rocks were analysed. Through the construction of a three-dimensional mechanical model of the coordination support of a stope, the adaptability index of the support in stope is presented, and its mechanism of operation is expounded. Yielding–resisting sand column (YRSC) sidewall-support technology with satisfactory compressibility and supporting strength was developed. The structure and actual mechanical properties of the YRSC were investigated through laboratory experiments, and the optimum ratio of filling materials was obtained. The good applicability of the load and deformation adaptability index of the three-dimensional coordination support in the stope and YRSC sidewall-support technology were demonstrated in practice at the No. 12306 working face of the Dongda coal mine. It was shown that the designed carrying capacity and compression of the sand columns satisfied the site requirements. The actual stress and deformation of the YRSC exhibited three stages: Slow growth at the initial stage, a large increase in the medium term, and a stable trend at the end. The adaptability index of the three-dimensional coordination support in the stope considers all bearing structure units of the stope as an interconnected whole, and the stability conditions of the stope roadway can be quantitatively described. The supporting effect of the YRSC is remarkable and can be applied to the construction of tunnels, bridge systems and other engineering fields.
Examining the Influence of Re–Used Nanofiller—Pyrolyzed Montmorillonite, on the Thermal Properties of Polypropylene–Based Engineering Nanocomposites
Authors: Majka Tomasz M. , Bartyzel Oskar , Raftopoulos Konstantinos N. , Pagacz Joanna , Pielichowski Krzysztof
Published: August 2019

Pyrolysis of the polypropylene/montmorillonite (PP/OMMT) nanocomposites allows for recovery of the filler that can be then re–used to produce PP/pyrolyzed MMT (PMMT) nanostructured composites. In this work, we discuss the thermal properties of PP/PMMT composites investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It has been found that effect of PMMT (5 wt. % and 10 wt. %) on matrix thermal stability occurs at temperatures above 300 °C. Addition of 5 wt. % and 10 wt. % of PMMT into polypropylene system gave good stabilization effect, as confirmed by the overall stabilization effect (OSE) values, which increased by 4% and 7%, respectively, compared to the control sample (PP). Interestingly, the presence of 1 wt. % and 3 wt. % of pyrolyzed clay stabilizes the system better than the same concentrations of organoclay added into polypropylene melt. DSC data revealed that pyrolyzed clay has still the same tendency as organoclay to enhance formation of the α and β crystalline PP phases only. The pyrolyzed MMT causes an improvement of the modulus in the glassy as well as rubbery regions, as confirmed by DMA results.
Real-Time Monitoring of Chemical Composition in Nickel-Based Laser Cladding Layer by Emission Spectroscopy Analysis
Authors: Wang Siyu , Liu Changsheng
Published: August 2019

The composition distribution can influence the performances of laser cladding layers. Hence, the technology of rthe eal-time monitoring of chemical composition is required to apply on laser cladding process. In this experiment, four kinds of Ni-based alloy powders were used to prepare laser cladding layers on AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) 4140 steel. At the same time, emission spectra were collected during real-time laser cladding process. The intensity of spectral lines were revised with a corrected number deduced with evaporation rate of elements. By correlating the weight ratios of elements with the intensity ratios of spectral lines, four calibration curves were established to monitor composition distribution. The main results are shown as following: Weight ratios among elements in the laser cladding layers changed versus input energy density due to different saturated vapor pressures among elements; the dilution amount of substrate showed weak relations under the different manufacturing parameters, and the main reason for this can be attributed to the change of thermo–physical properties among different Ni-based alloy powders; the predicted results showed that when the composition concentration was higher than 3 wt.%, the relative error was lower than 8%, compared with EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) testing data.
An Investigation on the Comprehensive Property Assessment and Future Directions of Single Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites Fabricated by a Non-Woven Paving and Advanced Molding Process
Authors: Tang Qiheng , Wang Yunfei , Wang Ge , Cheng Haitao , Guo Wenjing
Published: August 2019

The demand for eco-friendly renewable natural fibers has grown in recent years. In this study, a series of polypropylene-based composites reinforced with single bamboo fibers (SBFs), prepared by non-woven paving and a hot-pressing process, were investigated. The influence of the content of SBF on impact strength, flexural strength, and water resistance was analyzed. The properties of the composites were greatly affected by the SBF content. Impact strength increased as SBF content increased. The modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity show an optimum value, with SBF contents of 40% and 50%, respectively. The surface morphology of the fractured surfaces of the composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The composites showed poor interfacial compatibility. The water resistance indicates that the composites with higher SBF contents have higher values of water absorption and thickness swelling, due to the hydrophilicity of the bamboo fibers. The thermal properties of the composites were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis and by differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites was gradually reduced, due to the poor thermal stability of SBFs. In the composites, the maximum decomposition temperature corresponding to SBF shows an increasing trend. However, the maximum decomposition temperature of polypropylene was not influenced by SBF content. The melting point of the polypropylene in the composites was lower relative to pure polypropylene, although it was not affected by increasing SBF content.
Split Variational Inclusion Problem and Fixed Point Problem for a Class of Multivalued Mappings in CAT(0) Spaces
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , Ibrahim Yusuf , Khan Abdul Rahim , De la Sen Manuel
Published: August 2019

The aim of this paper is to introduce a modified viscosity iterative method to approximate a solution of the split variational inclusion problem and fixed point problem for a uniformly continuous multivalued total asymptotically strictly pseudocontractive mapping in C A T ( 0 ) spaces. A strong convergence theorem for the above problem is established and several important known results are deduced as corollaries to it. Furthermore, we solve a split Hammerstein integral inclusion problem and fixed point problem as an application to validate our result. It seems that our main result in the split variational inclusion problem is new in the setting of C A T ( 0 ) spaces.
Development of Public Key Cryptographic Algorithm Using Matrix Pattern for Tele-Ultrasound Applications
Authors: Shin Seung-Hyeok , Yoo Won-Sok , Choi Hojong
Published: August 2019

A novel public key cryptographic algorithm using a matrix pattern is developed to improve encrypting strength. Compared to the Rivest–Sharmir–Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithms, our proposed algorithm has superior encrypting strength due to several unknown quantities and one additional sub-equation during the encrypting process. Our proposed algorithm also provides a faster encoding/decoding speed when the patient’s images for tele-ultrasound applications are transmitted/received, compared to the RSA and ECC encrypting algorithms, because it encodes/decodes the plain memory block by simple addition and multiplication operations of n terms. However, the RSA and ECC algorithms encode/decode each memory block using complex mathematical exponentiation and congruence. To implement encrypting algorithms for tele-ultrasound applications, a streaming server was constructed to transmit the images to the systems using ultrasound machines. Using the obtained ultrasound images from a breast phantom, we compared our developed algorithm, utilizing a matrix pattern, with the RSA and ECC algorithms. The elapsed average time for our proposed algorithm is much faster than that for the RSA and ECC algorithms.
Some Generalized Contraction Classes and Common Fixed Points in b-Metric Space Endowed with a Graph
Authors: George Reny , Nabwey Hossam A. , Ramaswamy Rajagopalan , Radenović Stojan
Published: August 2019

We have introduced the new notions of R-weakly graph preserving and R-weakly α -admissible pair of multivalued mappings which includes the class of graph preserving mappings, weak graph preserving mappings as well as α -admissible mappings of type S, α * -admissible mappings of type S and α * - orbital admissible mappings of type S respectively. Some generalized contraction and rational contraction classes are also introduced for a pair of multivalued mappings and common fixed point theorems are proved in a b-metric space endowed with a graph. We have also applied our results to obtain common fixed point theorems for R-weakly α -admissible pair of multivalued mappings in a b-metric space which are the proper extension and generalization of many known results. Proper examples are provided in support of our results. Our main results and its consequences improve, generalize and extend many known fixed point results existing in literature.
Hybrid Control Scheme for Projective Lag Synchronization of Riemann–Liouville Sense Fractional Order Memristive BAM NeuralNetworks with Mixed Delays
Authors: Rajchakit Grienggrai , Pratap Anbalagan , Raja Ramachandran , Cao Jinde , Alzabut Jehad , Huang Chuangxia
Published: August 2019

This sequel is concerned with the analysis of projective lag synchronization of Riemann–Liouville sense fractional order memristive BAM neural networks (FOMBNNs) with mixed time delays via hybrid controller. Firstly, a new type of hybrid control scheme, which is the combination of open loop control and adaptive state feedback control is designed to guarantee the global projective lag synchronization of the addressed FOMBNNs model. Secondly, by using a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and Barbalet’s lemma, a new brand of sufficient criterion is proposed to ensure the projective lag synchronization of the FOMBNNs model considered. Moreover, as special cases by using a hybrid control scheme, some sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the global projective synchronization, global complete synchronization and global anti-synchronization for the FOMBNNs model considered. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to check the accuracy and validity of our obtained synchronization results.
The Anticancer Drug Discovery Potential of Marine Invertebrates from Russian Pacific
Authors: Katanaev Vladimir L. , Di Falco Salvatore , Khotimchenko Yuri
Published: August 2019

Despite huge efforts by academia and pharmaceutical industry, cancer remains the second cause of disease-related death in developed countries. Novel sources and principles of anticancer drug discovery are in urgent demand. Marine-derived natural products represent a largely untapped source of future drug candidates. This review focuses on the anticancer drug discovery potential of marine invertebrates from the North-West Pacific. The issues of biodiversity, chemodiversity, and the anticancer pharmacophore diversity this region hides are consecutively discussed. These three levels of diversity are analyzed from the point of view of the already discovered compounds, as well as from the assessment of the overall, still undiscovered and enormous potential. We further go into the predictions of the economic and societal benefits the full-scale exploration of this potential offers, and suggest strategic measures to be taken on the national level in order to unleash such full-scale exploration. The transversal and multi-discipline approach we attempt to build for the case of marine invertebrate-based anticancer drug discovery from a given region can be applied to other regions and disease conditions, as well as up-scaled to global dimensions.
The Phylum Bryozoa as a Promising Source of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Figuerola Blanca , Avila Conxita
Published: August 2019

Recent advances in sampling and novel techniques in drug synthesis and isolation have promoted the discovery of anticancer agents from marine organisms to combat this major threat to public health worldwide. Bryozoans, which are filter-feeding, aquatic invertebrates often characterized by a calcified skeleton, are an excellent source of pharmacologically interesting compounds including well-known chemical classes such as alkaloids and polyketides. This review covers the literature for secondary metabolites isolated from marine cheilostome and ctenostome bryozoans that have shown potential as cancer drugs. Moreover, we highlight examples such as bryostatins, the most known class of marine-derived compounds from this animal phylum, which are advancing through anticancer clinical trials due to their low toxicity and antineoplastic activity. The bryozoan antitumor compounds discovered until now show a wide range of chemical diversity and biological activities. Therefore, more research focusing on the isolation of secondary metabolites with potential anticancer properties from bryozoans and other overlooked taxa covering wider geographic areas is needed for an efficient bioprospecting of natural products.
Characterization of an Alkaline GH49 Dextranase from Marine Bacterium Arthrobacter oxydans KQ11 and Its Application in the Preparation of Isomalto-Oligosaccharide
Authors: Liu Hongfei , Ren Wei , Ly Mingsheng , Li Haifeng , Wang Shujun
Published: August 2019

A GH49 dextranase gene DexKQ was cloned from marine bacteria Arthrobacter oxydans KQ11. It was recombinantly expressed using an Escherichia coli system. Recombinant DexKQ dextranase of 66 kDa exhibited the highest catalytic activity at pH 9.0 and 55 °C. kcat/Km of recombinant DexKQ at the optimum condition reached 3.03 s−1 μM−1, which was six times that of commercial dextranase (0.5 s−1 μM−1). DexKQ possessed a Km value of 67.99 µM against dextran T70 substrate with 70 kDa molecular weight. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed that main hydrolysis end products were isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) including isomaltotetraose, isomaltopantose, and isomaltohexaose. When compared with glucose, IMO could significantly improve growth of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus and inhibit growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This is the first report of dextranase from marine bacteria concerning recombinant expression and application in isomalto-oligosaccharide preparation.
Anti-Inflammatory Cembrane-Type Diterpenoids and Prostaglandins from Soft Coral Lobophytum sarcophytoides
Authors: Shen Hongjie , Liu Xiaowan , Jiang Minghua , Luo Guangyuan , Wu Zhenger , Chen Bin , Li Jing , Liu Lan , Chen Senhua
Published: August 2019

Two new cembrane-type diterpenoids, lobophytins A (1) and B (3), and four new prostaglandins, (5E)-PGB2 (10), (5E)-13,14-dihydro-PGB2 (11), 13,14-dihydro-PGB2 (12) and 13,14-dihydro-PGB2-Me (13), together with ten known compounds were isolated from the soft coral Lobophytum sarcophytoides. The structures of these new secondary metabolites were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron circular dichroism (ECD) analyses, as well as the modified Mosher’s method. Compounds 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15 and 16 showed potential anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 cells that were activated by lipopolysaccharide, with IC50 values ranging from 7.1 to 32.1 μM and were better than the positive control indomethacin, IC50 = 39.8 μM.
Use of the LENA Autism Screen with Children who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: VanDam Mark , Yoshinaga-Itano Christine
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: This systematic review reports the evidence from the literature concerning the potential for using an automated vocal analysis, the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA, LENA Research Foundation, Boulder, CO, USA) in the screening process for children at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH). ASD and D/HH have increased comorbidity, but current behavioral diagnostic and screening tools have limitations. The LENA Language Autism Screen (LLAS) may offer an additional tool to disambiguate ASD from D/HH in young children. Materials and Methods: We examine empirical reports that use automatic vocal analysis methods to differentiate disordered from typically developing children. Results: Consensus across the sampled scientific literature shows support for use of automatic methods for screening and disambiguation of children with ASD and D/HH. There is some evidence of vocal differentiation between ASD, D/HH, and typically-developing children warranting use of the LLAS, but additional empirical evidence is needed to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the tool. Conclusions: The findings reported here warrant further, more substantive, methodologically-sound research that is fully powered to show a reliable difference. Findings may be useful for both clinicians and researchers in better identification and understanding of communication disorders.
An Insight into COPD Morphopathogenesis: Chronic Inflammation, Remodeling, and Antimicrobial Defense
Authors: Vitenberga Zane , Pilmane Māra , Babjoniševa Aurika
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Intercellular signaling networks with high complexity cause a spectrum of mechanisms achieving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that still question many uncertainties. Materials and Methods: Immunoreactive cells in bronchial tissue obtained from 40 COPD patients and 49 healthy control subjects were detected by biotin-streptavidin immunohistochemistry method for the following markers of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-β1, Hsp−70, hBD−2, hBD−3, hBD−4. Results: Overall the highest numbers (from mostly moderate (++) to abundance (++++)) of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-β1 immunoreactive cells were marked increasingly in the blood vessel wall, connective tissue, and bronchial epithelium of COPD-affected lung, respectively. We found statistically significant (p < 0.05) higher numbers of immunoreactive cells positive for all of examined interleukins, TNF-α, MMP-2, TIMP-2, TGF-β1, hBD-2, and hBD-3 in the COPD-affected lung compared to the control group, but not for Hsp-70 and hBD-4. Conclusions: COPD-affected lung tissue exhibits mostly inflammatory response patterns of increased IL-1α, IL-4, IL-8, IL-12, and TNF-α, especially in the airway epithelium. Increased MMP-2 and TGF-β1, but decreased Hsp-70, proposes pronounced tissue damage and remodeling in COPD. High numbers of hBD-2 and hBD-3 immunoreactive cells may highlight antimicrobial activity in COPD within stable regulation of local immunity.
Component-Resolved Diagnosis in Food Allergies
Authors: Calamelli Elisabetta , Liotti Lucia , Beghetti Isadora , Piccinno Valentina , Serra Laura , Bottau Paolo
Published: August 2019

Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) in food allergies is an approach utilized to characterize the molecular components of each allergen involved in a specific IgE (sIgE)-mediated response. In the clinical practice, CRD can improve diagnostic accuracy and assist the physician in many aspects of the allergy work-up. CRD allows for discriminatory co-sensitization versus cross-sensitization phenomena and can be useful to stratify the clinical risk associated with a specific sensitization pattern, in addition to the oral food challenge (OFC). Despite this, there are still some unmet needs, such as the risk of over-prescribing unnecessary elimination diets and adrenaline auto-injectors. Moreover, up until now, none of the identified sIgE cutoff have shown a specificity and sensitivity profile as accurate as the OFC, which is the gold standard in diagnosing food allergies. In light of this, the aim of this review is to summarize the most relevant concepts in the field of CRD in food allergy and to provide a practical approach useful in clinical practice.