bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Başlığında “Data Science” İfadesi Geçen Uluslararası Kongrelerde Sunulan Bildiri Özetlerinin Metin Madenciliği Yöntemleri İle İncelenmesi
Authors: KONŞUK ÜNLÜ Hande
Published: June 2022

Veri Bilimi kavramının ortaya çıkması ile birlikte, veriye dayalı karar verme süreçleri ve bu süreçlerde kullanılan yöntemler, klasik istatistiksel yöntemlerin yanı sıra bilişim teknolojilerinin sağladığı olanakların kullanıldığı makine öğrenme, derin öğrenme vb. algoritmaların gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Günümüzde veriyi elde etmeden daha çok, hızla artan bir veri yapısı için veriyi anlama, örüntülerini ortaya koyma, işlevsel biçimde modelleme ve sonuçlarının üretilmesi önem kazanmıştır. Bu nedenle “Veri Bilimi” kavramı istatistik kongrelerinin adı ve içeriğinde de değişime neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma, metin madenciliği kullanılarak istatistik kongrelerinde geçen “Veri Bilimi” kavramının incelemesine odaklanmıştır. Bu kongrelerde sunulan ve bildiri kitaplarında basılan bildirilerin özet içeriklerinin incelenmesi ve eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi, veri biliminde önemli bir yere sahip olan metin madenciliği yöntemleri bakımından incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, veri bilimi kavramı ile birlikte kongrelerde yer alan bildiri özetlerinin içeriklerindeki eğilimleri ortaya koymaktadır.
Toward the Evaluation of Research Groups based on Scientific Co-authorship Networks: The Robocorp Case Study
Authors: Couceiro Micael , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Martins Fernando
Published: June 2022

Scientific cooperation is one the most important issues to improve the research quality. A multidisciplinary scientific group connection among different knowledge areas (e.g., engineering, mathematics, sports, sociology and others) can be a potential factor to build skilled manpower necessary for strong scientific research. Therefore, based on a case study from Robocop, a multidisciplinary group with researchers from several scientific fields, this paper presents the scientific cooperation between researchers through networking graph theory. These networks are addressed to answer a broad variety of questions about collaboration patterns, such as the number of papers authors write, with how many researchers they write and how researchers “connect” to make papers in specific areas. First, a weighted adjacency matrix is built based on papers published in accordance with international standards (e.g., ISBN, ISSN), in which it is possible to perceive the connectivity among researchers. Secondly, an easy-to-use Mat Lab script was developed to compute the data, thus presenting the scientific networks. Afterwards, in order to further study the sub communities inside the research group, a graph partition methodology was used to divide the graph into clusters. Moreover, several network concepts were used to evaluate the intra and inter-researchers performances as well as the collective performance of the whole group. Results showed that the research group is integrally connected when considering all published papers. However, dividing the networks by scientific areas, one can observe that some researchers ‘loses’ their connectivity, i.e., some authors only publishes on specific scientific categories or with specific researchers within the group.
Sleeping Patterns among Arabian Gulf University Medical Students
Authors: Abdeen Zahraa Adil , Jadallah Aayat Salah , Al-Qahtani Maryam Haitham , Albashbishi Hafsa Awed , Hamadeh Randah Ribhi
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Good sleeping patterns have a positive effect on students’ performance and their mental and physical abilities. However, some students do not give themselves the proper rest with many not getting the proper eight hours of sleep at night. A recent study on the Arabian Gulf University (AGU) pre-clerkship medical students indicated that they had insufficient hours of sleep and late sleeping hours. The aim of this study was to provide baseline data of all AGU medical students’ sleeping patterns.

Methods: A 50% sample of students registered during the academic year 2009-2010 was chosen proportional to medical year, gender and nationality by multistage stratified sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study was used.

Results: The study results indicate that AGU medical students’ sleeping patterns are not good as 42% of the students viewed their sleeping quality as “good”, and their sleeping hours are suboptimal. The majority (75%) of the students reported that their sleep is affected particularly by examination and assignments. over one fourth of the students attended AGU or AGU related outside activities without sleeping at night for at least once per week, with year 4 students having the highest proportion.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that AGU medical students do not adopt a good sleeping pattern. Intervention for improving these habits would be mainly through The Student Affairs Office, Counseling Unit and advisory system. Emphasis on good sleeping habits and time management should start during the orientation week for year 1 and throughout the year for year 4 medical students.
Numerical Study of Stagnation Point Flow and Heat Transfer of Micropolar Fluid towards a Surface with Viscous Dissipation Effects
Authors: Ali Kashif , Ashraf Muhammad
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we present numerical investigation of the problem of steady laminar two dimensional boundary layer stagnation point flow and heat transfer of a Micropolar fluid towards a heated surface in the presence of viscous dissipation. The governing boundary layer partial differential equations are reduced to a set of ordinary ones using similarity transformations. The solutions for different values of Eckert number, Micropolar parameters and Prandtl number are computed, analyzed and discussed. The study reveals that the reverse flow of heat near the surface may occur due to viscous dissipation which may further be enhanced by the increasing values of the Prandtl number. It may be recommended that the viscous dissipation should not be simply ignored while studying the boundary layer stagnation point flows.
SLOVENSKA POLITOLOGIJA IN POLITOLOŠKA
ZDRUŽENJA
Authors: Toplak Cirila
Published: June 2022

Povzetek. Avtorica v preglednem znanstvenem članku
poda uvid v zgodovino društvenega udejstvovanja v
zahodni politologiji in še posebej delovanja Slovenskega
politološkega društva (SPOD). Primerja izvorno zastavljene naloge društva z možnostmi realizacije in oceni
razloge za spremembe oziroma aktualno stanje v politološkem društvenem delovanju nasploh. Teza avtorice je, da so politološka društva, kot je SPOD, v obdobju
po globalni krizi zašla v trajno krizo finančnih in človeških virov zaradi razlogov, povezanih s sistemskimi
spremembami v zadnjem desetletju, zlasti z zakonodajo na znanstvenoraziskovalnem področju in neugodno
akademsko klimo, naravnano v kvantitativno storilnost
po vzoru naravoslovja, kar je na politologijo v procesu
utrjevanja identitete kot relativno mlade znanstvene
discipline učinkovalo še bolj kot na že povsem afirmirane družboslovne vede.
Ključni pojmi: Slovensko politološko društvo, politologija, zgodovina, Slovenija, mednarodne politološke asociacij
SEČIŠČE POLITIKE IN PRAVA, POLITOLOGIJE IN PRAVOZNANSTVA
Authors: Igličar Albin
Published: June 2022

Povzetek. Sečišče med politiko in pravom, in zato tudi
med politologijo in pravoznanstvom, je na področju
delovanja države. Državna oblast zagotavlja pravu
obvezno moč in učinkovitost. Pravo zamejuje politične
procese in institucionalizira človekove pravice. Vpliv
političnih interesov se izraža prek zakonodajne politike, pravno racionaliziranje politike pa v delovanju
pravne države.
Ključni pojmi: politika, pravo, politologija, pravoznanstvo, zakonodajna politika, pravna država
Detection of supercooled liquid water containing clouds with ceilometers: development and evaluation of deterministic and data-driven retrievals
Authors: Guyot Adrien , Protat Alain , Alexander Simon P. , Klekociuk Andrew R. , Kuma Peter , McDonald Adrian
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Cloud and aerosol lidars measuring backscatter and
depolarization ratio are the most suitable lidars to detect cloud phase (liquid, ice, or mixed phase). However, such instruments are not widely deployed as part of operational networks. In this study, we propose a new algorithm to detect supercooled liquid water containing clouds (SLCC) based on ceilometers measuring only co-polarization backscatter. We utilize
observations collected at Davis, Antarctica, where low-level, mixed-phase
clouds, including supercooled liquid water (SLW) droplets and ice crystals,
remain poorly understood due to the paucity of ground-based observations. A 3-month set of observations were collected during the austral summer of
November 2018 to February 2019, with a variety of instruments including a
depolarization lidar and a W-band cloud radar which were used to build a
two-dimensional cloud phase mask distinguishing SLW and mixed-phase clouds.
This cloud phase mask is used as the reference to develop a new algorithm
based on the observations of a single polarization ceilometer operating in
the vicinity for the same period. Deterministic and data-driven retrieval
approaches were evaluated: an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) framework
ingesting backscatter average characteristics was the most effective method
at reproducing the classification obtained with the combined radar–lidar
approach with an accuracy as high as 0.91. This study provides a new SLCC
retrieval approach based on ceilometer data and highlights the considerable
benefits of these instruments to provide intelligence on cloud phase in
polar regions that usually suffer from a paucity of observations. Finally,
the two algorithms were applied to a full year of ceilometer observations to retrieve cloud phase and frequency of occurrences of SLCC: SLCC was present 29 ± 6 % of the time for T19 and 24 ± 5 % of the time for G22-Davis over that annual cycle.
Observation-constrained estimates of the global ocean carbon sink from Earth System Models
Authors: Terhaar Jens , Frölicher Thomas L. , Joos Fortunat
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The ocean slows global warming by currently taking up around one quarter of all human-made CO2 emissions. However, estimates of the ocean anthropogenic carbon uptake vary across various observation-based and model-based approaches. Here, we show that the global ocean anthropogenic carbon sink simulated by Earth System Models can be constrained by two physical parameters, the present-day sea surface salinity in the subtropical-polar frontal zone in the Southern Ocean and the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, and one biogeochemical parameter, the Revelle factor of the global surface ocean. By exploiting this three-dimensional emergent constraint with observations, we provide a new model- and observation-based estimate of the past, present and future global ocean anthropogenic carbon sink and show that the ocean carbon sink is 9–11 % larger than previously estimated. Furthermore, the constraint reduces uncertainties of the past and present global ocean anthropogenic carbon sink by 42–59 % and the future sink by 32–62 % depending on the scenario, allowing for a better understanding of the global carbon cycle and better targeted climate and ocean policies. The here identified key parameters for the ocean carbon sink should be quantified when presenting simulated ocean anthropogenic carbon uptake as in the Global Carbon Budget and be used to adjust these simulated estimates if necessary. The larger ocean sink results in enhanced ocean acidification over the 21st century, which further threatens marine ecosystems by reducing the water volume that is projected to be undersaturated towards aragonite by around 3.7–7.4 million km3 more than originally projected.
Bedfast and Floating Ice Dynamics of Thermokarst Lakes Using a Temporal Deep Learning Mapping Approach: Case Study of the Old Crow Flats, Yukon, Canada
Authors: Shaposhnikova Maria , Duguay Claude R. , Roy-Léveillée Pascale
Published: June 2022

Abstract. In light of the recent climate warming, monitoring of lake ice in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions is becoming increasingly important. Many shallow arctic lakes and ponds of thermokarst origin freeze to bed in the winter months, maintaining the underlying permafrost in its frozen state. However, as air temperatures rise and precipitation increases, less lakes are expected to develop bedfast ice. In this work, we propose a novel temporal deep learning approach to lake ice regime mapping from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and employ it to study lake ice dynamics in the Old Crow Flats (OCF), Yukon, Canada over the 1993 to 2021 period. We utilized a combination of Sentinel-1, ERS-1 and 2, and RADARSAT-1 to create an extensive annotated dataset of SAR time-series labeled as either bedfast ice, floating ice, or land, used to train a temporal convolutional neural network (TempCNN). The trained TempCNN, in turn, allowed to automatically map lake ice regimes. The classified maps aligned well with the available field measurements and ice thickness simulations obtained with a thermodynamic lake ice model. Reaching a mean overall classification accuracy of 95 %, the TempCNN was determined to be suitable for automated lake ice regime classification. The fraction of bedfast ice in the OCF increased by 11 % over the 29-year period of analysis. Findings suggest that the OCF lake ice dynamics is dominated by lake drainage events, brought on by thermokarst processes accelerated by climate warming, as well as fluctuations in water level and winter snowfall. Catastrophic drainage, and lowered water levels cause surface water area and lake depth to decrease and lake ice to often transition from floating to bedfast ice, while a reduction in snowfall allows for the growth of thicker ice.
Spatial-temporal characteristics of the oceanic bottom mixed layer in the South China Sea
Authors: Liu Wenhu , Wang Guihua , Chen Changlin , Zhou Muping
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The oceanic bottom mixed layer (BML) has an important role in transporting mass, heat, and momentum between the ocean interior and the bottom boundary. However, the spatial-temporal variability of the BML in the South China Sea (SCS) is not well understood. Using historical hydrological data from 2004 to 2018 and observations from two hydrographic moorings in the SCS, it has been found that the BML in the SCS has significant inhomogeneity. In particular, while the BML is relatively thin and stable over the continental shelf and in deep-sea regions, it is thick and unstable over the northern continental slope. The typical thicknesses of the BML on the continental shelf, continental slope, and deep-sea regions are around 30–60 m, 80–120 m, and 10–50 m, respectively. Statistically, the mean, median, and one standard deviation values of BML thickness over the entire SCS are 73 m, 56 m, and 55 m, respectively. Further analysis reveals that energetic high-frequency dynamic processes, together with steep bottom topography (large slope and roughness), cause strong tidal dissipation and vertical mixing near the bottom over the continental slope, resulting in thicker BMLs there. In contrast, the dynamic processes in the deep ocean are less energetic and low-frequency and the topography is relatively smooth (smaller slope and roughness). Therefore, the tidal dissipation and bottom vertical mixing in the deep-sea regions are weaker, and the BML is relatively thin. These findings may enhance our understanding of the BML dynamics in the SCS and other marginal seas and provide insights that help to improve parameterizations of physical processes in ocean models.
Carbon emission and export from Ket River, western Siberia
Authors: Lim Artem G. , Krickov Ivan V. , Vorobyev Sergey N. , Korets Mikhail , Kopysov Sergey , Shirokova Liudmila S. , Karlsson Jan , Pokrovsky Oleg S.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Despite recent progress in the understanding of the carbon (C) cycle of Siberian permafrost-affected rivers, spatial and seasonal dynamics of C export and emission from medium-size rivers remain poorly unknown. Here we studied one of the largest tributaries of the Ob River, the Ket River (watershed = 94,000 km2) which drains through virtually pristine dense taiga forest of the boreal zone in western Siberian Lowland (WSL). We combined continuous in-situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and flux (FCO2), with methane (CH4), organic and inorganic C (DOC and DIC, respectively), particulate organic C and total bacterial concentrations over a 834-km transect of the Ket River main stem and its 26 tributaries during spring flood and 12 tributaries during summer baseflow. The CO2 concentration was lower and less variable in the main stem (2000 to 2500 µatm) compared to that in tributaries (2000 to 5000 µatm). The methane concentrations in the main stem and tributaries was a factor of 300 to 1900 (flood period) and 100 to 150 (baseflow period) lower than that of CO2. The FCO2 ranged from 0.4 to 2.4 g C m-2 d-1 in the main channel and from 0.5 to 5.0 g C m-2 d-1 in the tributaries, being the highest during August in tributaries and weakly dependent on season in the main channel. Only during summer baseflow, the DOM aromaticity, bacterial number, and needleleaf forest coverage of the watershed positively affected CO2 concentrations and fluxes. We hypothesize that the relatively low variability in FCO2 is due to flat homogeneous (bog and taiga forest) landscape that results in long water residence times and stable input of allochthonous DOM, which dominate the FCO2. In summer baseflow, the DIC input from deeper flow paths might also contribute to CO2 emission. The open water period (May to October) C emission from the Ket River basin was estimated to 127±11 Gg C y-1 which is lower than the lateral C export during the same period. Although this estimated C emissions contain uncertainties, stressing the need of better constrained FCO2 and water coverage across seasons, we considered it conservative which emphasize the important role of WSL rivers for release of CO2 to the atmosphere.
loopUI-0.1: indicators to support needs and practices in 3D geological modelling uncertainty quantification
Authors: Pirot Guillaume , Joshi Ranee , Giraud Jérémie , Lindsay Mark Douglas , Jessell Mark Walter
Published: June 2022

Abstract. To support the needs of practitioners regarding 3D geological modelling and uncertainty quantification in the field, in particular from the mining industry, we propose a Python package called loopUI-0.1 that provides a set of local and global indicators to measure uncertainty and features dissimilarities among an ensemble of voxet models. Results are presented of a survey launched among practitioners in the mineral industry, enquiring about their modelling and uncertainty quantification practice and needs. It reveals that practitioners acknowledge the importance of uncertainty quantification even if they do not perform it. A total of four main factors preventing practitioners performing uncertainty quantification were identified: a lack of data uncertainty quantification, (computing) time requirement to generate one model, poor tracking of assumptions and interpretations and relative complexity of uncertainty quantification. The paper reviews and proposes solutions to alleviate these issues. Elements of an answer to these problems are already provided in the special issue hosting this paper and more are expected to come.
Seasonal forecasting of lake water quality and algal bloom risk using a continuous Gaussian Bayesian network
Authors: Jackson-Blake Leah A. , Clayer François , Haande Sigrid , Sample James E. , Moe S. Jannicke
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Freshwater management is challenging, and advance warning that poor water quality was likely, a season ahead, could allow for preventative measures to be put in place. To this end, we developed a Bayesian network (BN) for seasonal lake water quality prediction. BNs have become popular in recent years, but the vast majority are discrete. Here, we developed a Gaussian Bayesian network (GBN), a simple class of continuous BN. The aim was to forecast, in spring, mean total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration, mean water colour, and maximum cyanobacteria biovolume for the upcoming growing season (May–October) in Vansjø, a shallow nutrient-rich lake in southeastern Norway. To develop the model, we first identified controls on interannual variability in seasonally aggregated water quality. These variables were then included in a GBN, and conditional probability densities were fit using observations (≤39 years). GBN predictions had R2 values of 0.37 (chl a) to 0.75 (colour) and classification errors of 32 % (TP) to 17 % (cyanobacteria). For all but lake colour, including weather variables did not improve the predictive performance (assessed through cross-validation). Overall, we found the GBN approach to be well suited to seasonal water quality forecasting. It was straightforward to produce probabilistic predictions, including the probability of exceeding management-relevant thresholds. The GBN could be sensibly parameterised using only the observed data, despite the small dataset. Developing a comparable discrete BN was much more subjective and time-consuming. Although low interannual variability and high temporal autocorrelation in the study lake meant the GBN performed only slightly better than a seasonal naïve forecast (where the forecasted value is simply the value observed the previous growing season), we believe that the forecasting approach presented here could be particularly useful in areas with higher sensitivity to catchment nutrient delivery and seasonal climate and for forecasting at shorter (daily or monthly) timescales. Despite the parametric constraints of GBNs, their simplicity, together with the relative accessibility of BN software with GBN handling, means they are a good first choice for BN development with continuous variables.
Mountain managed streams as highways for reduced bedload transport
Authors: Galia Tomáš , Škarpich Václav , Ruman Stanislav
Published: June 2022

Many mountain streams across Europe are managed by grade-control structures (e.g., check dams or boulder ramps) and embankments with the aim to increase the lateral and vertical stability of the channels and to reduce bedload transport rates. We conducted a field experiment in the flysch Carpathians, Czechia, to assess sediment fluxes in a managed and untreated pool-riffle stream of similar characteristics (channel width ≤5 m, bed slope ~2 %) to evaluate the impact of rigid stream management on coarse sediment connectivity. The fieldwork included the tracking of PIT-tagged gravels and cobbles (four-year monitoring between 3/2018 and 2/2022), the analysis of the grain size of the surface and subsurface bed sediments, and geomorphic mapping. After three bankfull flow pulses, we found large disproportions in bedload transport activity between the managed and the untreated stream, when much longer travel distances of the PIT-tagged particles up to 500 m by skipping of seven consolidation check dams were recorded in the first case, whereas the most PIT-tagged particles were deposited in gravel bars and riffles relatively close to the release site in the latter case. Lateral sediment supply and vertical bed material exchange were markedly reduced by the presence of artificial bank stabilisations and a forced bed armour layer (d50surf / d50sub ~ 4) without noticeable development of gravel bars in the managed stream. This also led to overall degradation of the channel and loss of geomorphic complexity, when uniform plane beds without variable bedforms were separated by individual check dams. On the contrary, the frequent presence of bank failures on the outer banks of bends and the low difference between the grain sizes of the surface and subsurface sediments (d50surf / d50sub ~ 1.5) suggested strong interactions in the vertical and lateral dimensions of the sediment (dis)connectivity in the untreated pool-riffle stream. These findings have implications for sediment-transport processes and sustainable management of wider gravel-bed channelized rivers, when one may expect rapid flushing (relatively low incoming rates) of bedload particles and intensification of bed armouring processes accompanied by a loss of habitat heterogeneity.
Surface macro-fabric analysis of screes in the Ubiñas Massif (Cantabrian Mountains NW Spain)
Authors: Peña-Pérez Sergio Alberto , Gómez Villar Amelia , González Gutiérrez Rosa Blanca
Published: June 2022

The screes cover a large part of the slopes, as long as there are rocky outcrops nearby. They are the most common landforms in the Cantabrian Mountains, and  are associated to high warm mountain with some periglaciar dynamics. Their shape varies between slopes, when the clasts are located at the  bottom rocky cliffs; and cones, when they are placed at the narrow canals end with small basins. The continuous material supplying from the cliff origins these landforms, being associated both the fracturing of rocky outcrops and the gelifraction and thermoclasty processes.

A macro-fabric analysis of 8 screes has been carried out, located at the Ubiñas Massif (Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain) The dip and orientation of 50 clasts have been measured in 24 macro-fabric analysis. The data were plotted in a equal-area stereogram and the eigenvalue method was used for statistical analysis.. The main vector (V1) shows a clear control of the slope direction and inclination on which the scree settles. In all cases, the main vector presents values sub-parallel to the scree orientation, with angles below than 27º. In adittion, the dip of this main vector gives values similar to the scree slope, although slightly lower than it (95.8%). The main eigenvalues (S1) also reflect the influence of the general scree direction/inclination, since the value exceeds 0.60 in the 80% of the cases, indicating a predominant cluster macro-fabrics shape. The macro-fabrics analyzed differ from other morphologies in the Cantabrian Mountains (glacial deposits, rock glaciers or debris avalanches).
Seh Qaleh, a heaven for desert backpackers and astronomers in Iran
Authors: Elahpour Esmail
Published: June 2022

Seh Qaleh town is the capital of Seh Qaleh district in south Khorasan province, east of Iran. Seh Qaleh desert is located in south of the town, 130 Km northwest of Birjand, the capital of the state. Here synergistic effects of geology and geography have caused a remarkable location for both desert rolling and astronomy. The area is covered by Quaternary alluvial sediments containing sand, salt and gypsum far from local dust flows. Open horizon at the observatory and dark sky have created a well-known station for astronomy along with desert entertainments. According to geographical aspects the sky here is darkest in the middle east and astronomic limiting magnitude is highest in Iran. High security, flowing sand dunes and Salt Lake are other outstanding features of the region as a unique land for tourism.
Geoarchaeological data from a Bronze Age upland site: MZ051S (Val di Sole, Italy)
Authors: Vezzoni Laura , Zambaldi Maurizio , Carrer Francesco , Angelucci Diego
Published: June 2022

The geoarchaeological study of site MZ051S (Val di Sole, Trentino, Italy), carried out by the project ALPES (Alpine Landscapes: Pastoralism and Environment of Val di Sole), is presented here as a case-study for reconstructing human occupation of the uplands in the central-eastern Alps in late Prehistory and understanding the relationships between human and natural dynamics in the past.

The site, located in Val Porè, consists of a large dry-stone enclosure placed on a small, glacial plateau at 2240 m a.s.l. and has been dated to the early and middle Bronze Age.

Between 2015 and 2019, archaeological excavations were carried out and, following an interdisciplinary approach, numerous data were collected in order to reconstruct site history and site formation, including data from palaeobotany, stratigraphy, soil science, and the analysis of cultural assemblages.

Much importance was given to the geomorphological context and the deposit. The geoarchaeological and soil micromorphological study showed the presence of two buried soils, respectively dating to the ancient (2122-1773 and 1878-1693 cal BCE at 2σ) and middle (1750-1430 cal BCE at 2σ) Bronze Age. Both soils were buried by colluvial sediments deriving from slope dynamics. Although limited, the evidence recorded in the deposit, together with the results obtained from the distinct analyses, allow us to hypothesize that these processes could be determined by the human exploitation of the uplands. 

It can be argued that human occupation had a significant impact on the landscape since late Prehistory, revealing that the mountain environment is the result of complex interactions between anthropogenic and natural factors.
The geomorphic work of the European mole and its role as an ecosystem engineer. A case study from Oxfordshire, southern England.
Authors: Baxter Timothy , Woor Sam , Viles Heather
Published: June 2022

Moles (small insectivorous mammals of the family Talpidae) are widespread across the Northern Hemisphere, with their ranges covering Europe, Asia, and North America. The presence of these subterranean mammals is easily detected through the mounds, or molehills, which they construct as surface bioproducts of tunnel systems excavated underground. These bioconstructions created by moles indicate they may play geomorphologically important roles in sediment systems. The bioturbation of soils by moles has also been shown to be ecologically important as they mix nutrients and aerate soils, suggesting that their role in local sediment systems may be intrinsically linked to ecosystem functioning. However, compared to other fossorial animals (species which dig, e.g. ants, rabbits, badgers etc.) the impact of moles as direct and indirect biogeomorphic agents and their role as ecosystem engineers is poorly understood. For instance, relatively little is known about the impact of moles on microtopography, surface runoff and erosion rates, vegetation cover, and soil properties.

By examining molehills created by the European mole (Talpa europaea) in Oxfordshire, UK, we provide a quantitative assessment of how these landforms evolve over time and space. Following the mapping of molehills at selected sites and regular monitoring over a 6-month period, this study estimates the rate of sediment movement caused by mole activity. We also examine what happens to molehill morphology post-construction, as well as the characteristics of soil bioturbated by moles vs. non-bioturbated soil and the potential impact of molehills on local biodiversity.
Relationship between field observations of flood sand deposits and water depth applied to the identification of flood hazard areas (Sella River, NW Spain)
Authors: Fernandez-Iglesias Elena , Menendez-Duarte Rosana , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Gil
Published: June 2022

Erosion and deposition processes produce morphological forms over the channel and floodplains. Those forms depend on flow characteristics such as high velocity and deep water. By taking into account geomorphological criteria, the floodplain area presenting erosive and sedimentary morphologies is called Preferential Flow Area (ZFP). The ZFP was defined in the modification of the Hydraulic Public Domain Regulation (Royal Decree 9/2008, 11 January) and it is one of the units identified in the Spanish Flooding Zone Mapping System (SNCZI). The relationship between flood deposits and water flood deep is usually simulated by using physical models and hydraulic modelling. Nevertheless, there is little knowledge about the true relation by using field survey data. In order to improve the knowledge about the relations between geomorphological criteria based of flood forms and the ZFP, several field works were developed after floods in the lower part of the Sella River in Asturias (NW Spain). The present study considers the flood on 7 March 2009 with 5 year return period. 98 water flood data observed on field with 11 flood sand deposits thickness measured over floodplains was considered. The average value of sand deposits thickness was 0.14 m, with maximum data of 0.40 m, with an average value of water deep over these flood deposits of 1.54 m. An important correlation between these values was found and the linear and exponential model exhibit a good fitting explaining 81% and 86% of the deep-water variability respectively. By taking to account these results, flood sand deposits over 10 cm thickness could be used to identify representative areas of high flood hazard and the Preferential Flow Area.
Weathering processes and soil evolution under trees
Authors: Pawlik Lukasz , Gruba Piotr , Kupka Dawid , Samonil Pavel
Published: June 2022

Within the current project, we focus on the problem of rock weathering processes and soil evolution under tree root impact. Our working hypothesis says that tree roots significantly contribute to weathering processes and alter soil properties. Through this, they change the course of geomorphic processes on hillslopes: for instance, erosion, mass movements, and soil creep. Soil samples were taken from two localities in Poland: 1) Sącz Beskidy Mountains, Outer Western Carpathians, SE Poland, and 2) the Stołowe Mountains, the Middle Sudety Mountains, SW Poland. We analyzed 145 soil samples: 111 samples from the Sącz Beskidy Mountains (one study plot) and 34 samples from the Stołowe Mountains (two study plots). The samples were taken from different parts of the tree root zone (rhizosphere, rock cracks) and control positions not occupied by trees and having no evidence of the past tree growth in the place. The following analyses have been conducted: the content of Fe and Al (amorphous and labile forms), the content of N, C, and soil pH. The results were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and ordination methods (PCA, RDA). In the Żegiestów plot, reference soil samples differ significantly from other microsites of the root zone except for rhizospheric soils samples. It applies to all chemical compounds and soil pH. In the Stołowe Mountains plots, reference soil plots differ significantly from all other microsite soils of the root zone. There is a strong correlation between Fe and Al forms and N and C in both study plots, whereas soil pH is negatively correlated with other chemical compounds. Our results suggest an essential role of trees and tree root systems in modifying weathering processes and soil properties in temperate forests.

The study has been financed by the Polish National Science Centre (project no: NCN2019/33/B/ST10/01009).
Evaluation of the frequency and morphometric parameters of shallow landslides in Serra do Mar Paulista
Authors: Capella Camilla , Vieira Bianca , Bonini José
Published: June 2022

The Serra do Mar in Brazil is a geological-geomorphological compartment that is frequently affected by isolated or generalized events of different types of mass movements, especially shallow landslides. These events usually cause several social, economic and environmental damages, when they affect the municipalities of the region, as was the case of the municipality of Itaóca, where hundreds of landslides were triggered after heavy rains in January 2014. Thus, the objective of this work was to to evaluate the frequency and morphometric parameters of landslides that occurred in the Gurutuba river basin in the municipality of Itaoca. For this, the methodologies adopted consisted in the elaboration of an inventory of scars from RapidEye images with 5m resolution, which covered the entire extension of the scar, in the geomorphic characterization of the area, through the morphometric parameters of angle and curvature, derived from the Digital Terrain Model TanDem-X (12m). The results indicated that the Gurutuba river basin, with an extension of 25.4km², had about 12% of its area affected by landslides, which totaled 918 scars, with an average dimension of 3215 m². In addition, it was also possible to observe that the slips were more frequent in the angle classes from 20° to 25° (28%) and from 25° to 30° (22%), in the concave curvature (66%), and that if concentrated in the middle and upper third of the basin. These initial data are extremely important as they will serve to assess the transport and deposition dynamics of these landslides and to refine the scar inventory, indicating which sectors of the scar correspond to rupture, transport and sediment deposition.
Pluvial flood hazard mapping in coastal areas of Croatia
Authors: Krvavica Nino , Horvat Bojana , Šiljeg Ante , Marić Ivan , Šiljeg Silvija , Domazetović Fran , Panđa Lovre , Marinović Rajko
Published: June 2022

Flood hazard prediction is a critical component of flood risk assessment, flood risk management plans, and implementation of flood mitigation measures. In the EU, there is currently a growing interest in floods caused by extreme heavy rainfall, commonly known as pluvial floods. Due to the rapid development of computational and remote sensing technology, as well as the public availability of high-resolution spatial data, pluvial floods are now simulated using integrated hydrological-hydraulic approaches consisting of time-dependent 2D numerical models and so-called rain-on-grid approaches with spatially variable infiltration. In this paper, we will present the recent progress and methodological framework for pluvial flood hazard assessment in the city of Poreč in the northern coastal part of Croatia, focusing on the interpretation and modification of spatial input data, precipitation data processing, and numerical modelling of pluvial flooding. We show what spatial data were collected and improved, what spatial data were generated, how the precipitation data were processed for this purpose, and discuss some modelling aspects specific to pluvial flooding in urban areas. Finally, we present the results of the pluvial flood hazard assessment for the city of Poreč and its catchment area and provide some recommendations for further research.
Lakes as the geoindicator of the thermokarst landscapes disturbances after the wildfires, Canadian Arctic
Authors: Janiec Piotr , Zwoliński Zbigniew , Nowosad Jakub
Published: June 2022

In situ observations show that the disturbances in the high latitude regions, such as wildfires, are causing permafrost degradation and greatly impact the thermokarst landscapes. In this study we aimed to check if the changes in the lake’s areas can serve as the geoindicator of these disturbances. We selected five wildfire cases, which occurred between 1989 - 2014, located in the lake’s landscapes of the McKenzie River Basin. On the basis of Global Surface Water Dataset (European Commission's Joint Research Centre), we compiled time series of lake surface changes in each fire’s territory. We performed Mann Kendall test, and calculated Sen’s Slope to estimate the trend of the changes. We compared the results with the historical weather data to assess the impact of the weather conditions on the lakes area. We also calculated the intensity of each fire based on Landsat data and the dNBR index.

Our Preliminarily results show that the wildfires and changes in the lake’s areas are interrelated; however, fire severity and weather conditions must be taken into account. The changes of the lake’s areas after the wildfire have larger variance compared to the unburned test plots. These results may indicate disturbances in ecosystems and the initiation and acceleration of thermokarst processes. Changes in the lake’s areas are characterised by periodicity, which is disturbed after the fire. The fluctuations in wildfire areas are greater than on the test plots. We observed decreasing trends in the lakes areas short after the fire. This trend begin to decline in the longer term. These results show that the dynamics of changes in the lake’s area is disturbed after the fire. Our method indicates that the lakes in the research territory are sensitive to ecosystem disturbances such as wildfires. In the future this can be used as the indicator of changes in the thermokarst landscapes.

Our next step is to supplement the obtained indicator with the use of moisture indexes (e.g., TWI) to determine changes in soil moisture after the wildfire and Sentinel 1 satellite data to study land surface subsidence and soil erosion.
Discussion of the transition of endorheic to exoreic drainage of Cenozoic Basins in Galicia (NW of Iberia), the development of the ancestral transverse drainage to the Atlantic and the later stage of fluvial incision
Authors: Proença Cunha Pedro , Pérez-Alberti Augusto
Published: June 2022

The drainage basin of the Atlantic Sil River is located in the central-eastern sector of Galicia (NW of Iberia) (Fig.1). The Sil and its tributaries, especially the rivers Xares, Bibei, Quiroga, Navea and Cabe, flow through a contrasting relief. Here, the transverse drainage is characterised by an alternance of tectonic depressions preserving Cenozoic sedimentary infills and incised meanders/canyons across montains of basement [1, 2]. The main tectonic depressions crossed by the Sill River are those of Valdeorras, Quiroga and Monforte (Fig.1). The mountains crossed by the river are mainly located the Ribeira Sacra sector. The Sil and tributaries mainly run cross basement areas, which mainly consists of Palaeozoic metamorphic rocks with minor granites, that are intensely faulted with main directions NNE-SSW, NO-SE and WNW-ESE.

In this work we present a characterization of the geomorphic and sedimentary units recording the geological evolution of the study area during the Cenozoic, under an intraplate compressive tectonic setting, leading to drainage re-organization, development of the Atlantic drainage and later stage of fluvial incision.

In the tectonic depressions, several sedimentary units are preserved: 1) two sucessive allostratigraphic units (unconformity bounded sequences; UBSs) of arkoses (Paleogene and Miocene); 2) two successive units of alluvial fan deposits, with endorheic drainage, probably recording the upper Tortonian to lower Zanclian (UBS11 and UBS12); 3) an uppermost unit of ocre heterometric alluvial fan deposits (UBS13), the first episode with exorheic drainage, tributary of an ancestral Atlantic river (the Sil River, conected with the Minho River) and with sedimentar record probably comprising the Upper Piacenzian to Lower Pleistocene (ca. 3.7 to 1.8 Ma) [2]; 4) a staircase of fluvial terraces (strath and sedimentary) produced during the later stage of fluvial incision (probably, the last ca. 1.8 Ma), recording the alternance of episodes of down-cutting, dynamic equilibrium and eventual sedimentary aggradation.

Regarding the NW of Iberia, our model for the transition of endorheic to exoreic drainage and the development of transcontinental drainage to the Atlantic Ocean is similar to the one proposed for the genesis of the Douro [3, 4] and the Tejo/Tajo (Tagus) [4, 5] rivers, involving as main mechanism an overspill induced by a major climatic change of increasing humidity by middle Pliocene.

 
The morphology of glacier-associated layered deposits on Mars
Authors: Conway Susan , Butcher Frances , Grau Galofre Anna , Noblet Axel
Published: June 2022

Mars is thought to have been a hyperarid desert for at least the last one billion years of its history and so water is locked up in the two polar ice caps, ground ice and an extensive band of debris covered glaciers found in the mid-latitudes. Layers expressed by the polar caps are thought to record the most recent climate cycles of Mars – up to a few tens of Ma. The debris covered glaciers are thought to date to hundreds of millions of years in age and potentially record a deeper climate record. Here, we report on the widespread occurrence of layered outcrops intimately associated with glaciated terrains in Deuteronilus Mensae and the Eastern Hellas region – two areas renowned for their extremely extensive and well-preserved debris covered glaciers. We explore the relationship between these layered outcrops and the debris covered glaciers by exploiting images and elevation data from the High Resolution Science Imaging Experiment (HiRISE) at 25 cm/pixel, Context camera (CTX) at 6 m/pixel and Colour and Stereo Imaging System (CaSSIS) at 4.5 m/pixel. Because these outcrops have similar morphology in both the northern and the southern hemisphere they point to a globally relevant process. Our aim is to test the hypothesis that these deposits represent remnant glacial deposits, which could give information of Mars climate beyond that obtainable by studying the polar caps.
A 1921 Western Australian tropical cyclone underscores the utility of historical records for hazard analysis in areas of marginal cyclone influence.
Authors: Switzer Adam D. , Christensen Joseph , Aldridge Joanna , Taylor David , Watson Holly , Churchill Jim , Fraser Matthew W. , Shaw Jenny
Published: June 2022

The Shark Bay Marine Park in Australia is a UNESCO World Heritage Property in a region of marginal tropical cyclone influence and its sustainability requires a deep consideration of cyclone hazards. Here, we analyse historical records of a large storm surge from a Tropical Cyclone in 1921 that generated remarkable overland flow leaving fish and sharks stranded over 9 km inland. We weight information from the historical archives in a new framework and model event scenarios to reconstruct its magnitude. The plausible event scenarios imply that the cyclone was a marginal Category 4 or 5 storm with a return interval equivalent or slightly greater than the regional planning level. The outcome underscores the importance of examining the pre-instrumental events in areas of marginal cyclone influence as they are commonly of key economic importance.  Our work also implies that TC risk affects marine conservation in the Shark Bay World Heritage Property and requires attention.