bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Information Ecology of Social Media and Online Communities
Authors: Finin Tim , Joshi Anupam , Kolari Pranam , Java Akshay , Kale Anubhav , Karandikar Amit
Published: July 2017

Social media systems such as weblogs, photo‐ and link‐sharing sites, wikis, and online forums are currently thought to produce up to one third of new web content. One thing that sets these “web 2.0” sites apart from traditional web pages and resources is that they are intertwined with other forms of networked data. Their standard hyperlinks are enriched by social networks, comments, trackbacks, advertisements, tags, RDF data, and metadata. We describe recent work on building systems that use models of the blogosphere to recognize spam blogs, find opinions on topics, identify communities of interest, derive trust relationships, and detect influential bloggers.
Preferences and Nonmonotonic Reasoning
Authors: Brewka Gerhard , Niemelä Ilkka , Truszczyński Miroslaw
Published: July 2017

We give an overview of the multifaceted relationship between nonmonotonic logics and preferences. We discuss how the nonmonotonicity of reasoning itself is closely tied to preferences reasoners have on models of the world or, as we often say here, possible belief sets. Selecting extended logic programming with answer‐set semantics as a generic nonmonotonic logic, we show how that logic defines preferred belief sets and how preferred belief sets allow us to represent and interpret normative statements. Conflicts among program rules (more generally, defaults) give rise to alternative preferred belief sets. We discuss how such conflicts can be resolved based on implicit specificity or on explicit rankings of defaults. Finally, we comment on formalisms that explicitly represent preferences on properties of belief sets. Such formalisms either build preference information directly into rules and modify the semantics of the logic appropriately or specify preferences on belief sets independently of the mechanism to define them.
Preference Handling for Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Goldsmith Judy , Junker Ulrich
Published: July 2017

This editorial explains the benefits of preferences for AI systems and draws a picture of current AI research on preference handling. It thus provides an introduction to the topics covered by this special issue on preference handling.
Multiobjective Optimization
Authors: Ehrgott Matthias
Published: July 2017

Using some real‐world examples I illustrate the important role of multiobjective optimization in decision making and its interface with preference handling. I explain what optimization in the presence of multiple objectives means and discuss some of the most common methods of solving multiobjective optimization problems using transformations to single‐objective optimization problems. Finally, I address linear and combinatorial optimization problems with multiple objectives and summarize techniques for solving them. Throughout the article I refer to the real‐world examples introduced at the beginning.
Preferences in Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization
Authors: Rossi Francesca , Venable K. Brent , Walsh Toby
Published: July 2017

We review constraint‐based approaches to handle preferences. We start by defining the main notions of constraint programming and then give various concepts of soft constraints and show how they can be used to model quantitative preferences. We then consider how soft constraints can be adapted to handle other forms of preferences, such as bipolar, qualitative, and temporal preferences. Finally, we describe how AI techniques such as abstraction, explanation generation, machine learning, and preference elicitation can be useful in modeling and solving soft constraints.
Report on the First Conference on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI‐08)
Authors: de Garis Hugo , Goertzel Ben
Published: July 2017

The First Conference on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI‐08) was held on March 1–3, 2008, at the University of Memphis. The overall goal of the conference was to work toward a common understanding of the most promising paths toward creating AI systems with general intelligence at the human level and beyond and to share interim results and ideas achieved by researchers actively working toward powerful artificial general intelligence.
Agents, Bodies, Constraints, Dynamics, and Evolution
Authors: Mackworth Alan K.
Published: July 2017

The theme of this article is the dynamics of evolution of agents. That theme is applied to the evolution of constraint satisfaction, of agents themselves, of our models of agents, of artificial intelligence, and, finally, of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). The overall thesis is that constraint satisfaction is central to proactive and responsive intelligent behavior.
The 2008 Scheduling and Planning Applications Workshop (SPARK'08)
Authors: Castillo Luis , Cortellessa Gabriella , Yorke‐Smith Neil
Published: July 2017

SPARK'08 was the first edition of a workshop series designed to provide a stable, long‐term forum where researchers could discuss the applications of planning and scheduling techniques to real problems. Animated discussion characterized the workshop, which was collocated with the 18th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS‐08) held in Sydney, Australia, in September 2008.
An AI Framework to Teach English as a Foreign Language: CSIEC
Authors: Jia Jiyou
Published: July 2017

Computer Simulation in Educational Communication (CSIEC) is not only an intelligent web‐based human‐computer dialogue system with natural language for English instruction but also a learning assessment system for learners and teachers. Its multiple functions— including grammar‐based gap‐filling exercises, scenario show, free chatting, and chatting on a given topic—can satisfy the various requirements for students with different backgrounds and learning abilities. After a brief explanation of the conception of the dialogue system, as well as a survey of related works, I will illustrate the system structure and describe its pedagogical functions with the underlying AI techniques, such as natural language processing and rule‐based reasoning, in detail. I will summarize the free Internet usage within a six‐month period and its integration into English classes in universities and middle schools. The evaluation findings about the class integration show that the chatting function has been improved and frequently utilized by users, and the application of the CSIEC system on English instruction can motivate learners to practice English and enhance their learning process. Finally, I will conclude with potential improvements.
True Knowledge: Open‐Domain Question Answering Using Structured Knowledge and Inference
Authors: Tunstall‐Pedoe William
Published: July 2017

This article gives a detailed description of True Knowledge: a commercial, open‐domain question‐answering platform. The system combines a large and growing structured knowledge base of commonsense, factual, and lexical knowledge; a natural language translation system that turns user questions into internal language‐independent queries; and an inference system that can answer those queries using both directly represented and inferred knowledge. The system is live and answers millions of questions per month asked by Internet users.
Harnessing Cyc to Answer Clinical Researchers' Ad Hoc Queries
Authors: Lenat Douglas , Witbrock Michael , Baxter David , Blackstone Eugene , Deaton Chris , Schneider Dave , Scott Jerry , Shepard Blake
Published: July 2017

By extending Cyc's ontology and knowledge base approximately 2 percent, Cycorp and Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF) have built a system to answer clinical researchers' ad hoc queries. The query may be long and complex, hence it is only partially understood at first, parsed into a set of CycL (higher‐order logic) fragments with open variables. But, surprisingly often, after applying various constraints (medical domain knowledge, common sense, discourse pragmatics, syntax), there is only one single way to ft those fragments together, one semantically meaningful formal query P. The Semantic Research Assistant (SRA) system dispatches a series of database calls and then combines, logically and arithmetically, their results into answers to P. Seeing the first few answers stream back, users may realize that they need to abort, modify, and re‐ask their query. Even before they push ASK, just knowing approximately how many answers would be returned can spark such editing. Besides real‐time ad hoc query answering, queries can be bundled and persist over time. One bundle of 275 queries is rerun quarterly by CCF to produce the procedures and outcomes data it needs to report to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) — an external hospital accreditation and ranking body; another bundle covers the American College of Cardiology (ACC) reporting. Until full articulation and answering of precise, analytical queries becomes as straightforward and ubiquitous as text search, even partial understanding of a query empowers semantic search over semistructured data (ontology‐tagged text), avoiding many of the false positives and false negatives that standard text searching suffers from.
Reports of the AAAI 2010 Spring Symposia
Authors: Barkowsky Thomas , Bertel Sven , Broz Frank , Chaudhri Vinay K. , Eagle Nathan , Genesereth Michael , Halpin Harry , Hamner Emily , Hoffmann Gabe , Hölscher Christoph , Horvitz Eric , Lauwers Tom , McGuinness Deborah L. , Michalowski Marek , Mower Emily , Shipley Thomas F. , Stubbs Kristen , Vogl Roland , Williams Mary‐Anne
Published: July 2017

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, in cooperation with Stanford University's Department of Computer Science, presented the 2010 Spring Symposium Series Monday through Wednesday, March 22–24, 2010, at Stanford University. The titles of the seven symposia were Artificial Intelligence for Development; Cognitive Shape Processing; Educational Robotics and Beyond: Design and Evaluation; Embedded Reasoning: Intelligence in Embedded Systems; Intelligent Information Privacy Management; It's All in the Timing: Representing and Reasoning about Time in Interactive Behavior; and Linked Data Meets Artificial Intelligence.
Adapting Open Information Extraction to Domain‐Specific Relations
Authors: Soderland Stephen , Roof Brendan , Qin Bo , Xu Shi , Mausam  , Etzioni Oren
Published: July 2017

Information extraction (IE) can identify a set of relations from free text to support question answering (QA). Until recently, IE systems were domain specific and needed a combination of manual engineering and supervised learning to adapt to each target domain. A new paradigm, Open IE, operates on large text corpora without any manual tagging of relations, and indeed without any prespecified relations. Due to its open‐domain and open‐relation nature, Open IE is purely textual and is unable to relate the surface forms to an ontology, if known in advance. We explore the steps needed to adapt Open IE to a domain‐specific ontology and demonstrate our approach of mapping domain‐independent tuples to an ontology using domains from the DARPA Machine Reading Project. Our system achieves precision over 0.90 from as few as eight training examples for an NFL‐scoring domain.
Algorithmic Game Theory: Special Issue Introduction
Authors: Elkind Edith , Leyton‐Brown Kevin
Published: July 2017

We briefly survey the rise of game theory as a topic of study in artificial intelligence and explain the term algorithmic game theory. We then describe three broad areas of current inquiry by AI researchers in algorithmic game theory: game playing, social choice, and mechanism design. Finally, we give short summaries of each of the six articles appearing in this issue.
AI's War on Manipulation: Are We Winning?
Authors: Faliszewski Piotr , Procaccia Ariel D.
Published: July 2017

In this article we provide an overview of more than two decades of work, mostly in AI, that studies computational complexity as a barrier against manipulation in elections.
The Case for Case‐Based Transfer Learning
Authors: Klenk Matthew , Aha David W. , Molineaux Matt
Published: July 2017

Case‐based reasoning (CBR) is a problem‐solving process in which a new problem is solved by retrieving a similar situation and reusing its solution. Transfer learning occurs when, after gaining experience from learning how to solve source problems, the same learner exploits this experience to improve performance and learning on target problems. In transfer learning, the differences between the source and target problems characterize the transfer distance. CBR can support transfer learning methods in multiple ways. We illustrate how CBR and transfer learning interact and characterize three approaches for using CBR in transfer learning: (1) as a transfer learning method, (2) for problem learning, and (3) to transfer knowledge between sets of problems. We describe examples of these approaches from our own and related work and discuss applicable transfer distances for each. We close with conclusions and directions for future research applying CBR to transfer learning.
Introduction to the Articles on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Rychtyckyj Nestor , Shapiro Daniel
Published: July 2017

This issue of AI Magazine provides extended versions of several papers that were recently presented at the Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference (IAAI‐2010). We present three articles reflecting deployed applications of AI, one describing a unique, emerging application, plus an article based on the invited talk by Jay M. Tenenbaum, who was the 2010 Engelmore Award recipient.
Quantification of the morphology of shelly carbonate sands using 3D images
Authors: Kong D. , Fonseca J.
Published: July 2017

Shelly carbonate sands proliferate in regions of the world where construction of offshore structures is in high demand. These structurally weak sands have high intra-granular voids and complex angular grain shapes. To improve the understanding of the mechanical properties of the material, a detailed morphological quantification is required. This paper presents a three-dimensional characterisation of the morphology of shelly carbonate sands based on analyses of X-ray computed tomography images. Two sands from the Persian Gulf with distinct grading were investigated. An adaptive watershed segmentation technique was developed to identify the individual grains for subsequent grain-scale analysis, which overcomes the challenges posed by the intricate microstructure of these sands. Non-invasive measurements of size, intra-granular void and various shape parameters were carried out, and statistical analyses were conducted, to characterise the grains. The results help to better understand the mechanisms of grain interlocking, and the role of grain angularity and intra-granular void ratio on the mechanical behaviour of shelly carbonate sands.
Avaliação da capacidade funcional de idosos em uma instituição de longa permanência de Guarapuava- Paraná
Authors: Antonelli Gabriela , Alves Gabrielly , Silva Iana Renata Cordeiro da , Dalzoto Jackeline Siqueira , Cruz Jéssica Da , Pereira Wagner Menna
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é a abordagem e aplicação do Índice de Katz, a fim de avaliar o grau de independência de idosos residentes na Instituição de Serviços e Obras Sociais Airton Haenisch em Guarapuava-PR. Metodologia: A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 15 idosos, com idade entre 64 e 90 anos, residentes na Instituição de Serviços e Obras Sociais Airton Haenisch da cidade de Guarapuava-PR. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se o questionário de avaliação do Índice de Katz e em seguida analisados por meio de médias e desvio padrão. A análise estatística foi realizada através do software SPSS Statistics versão 21. Realizou-se o teste de D’Agostino para análise do comportamento paramétrico dos valores e por meio do teste T Student, realizou-se as comparações de significância, considerando p valor de 95%. Após, realizou-se a comparação dos resultados entre o gênero feminino e masculino. Resultados: A média total dos resultados obtidos do Índice de Katz foi de 4,66 ± 1,84. Na análise dos questionários constatou-se que não houve diferença estatística no grau de independência entre os sexos, sendo o valor de p=0,16. No entanto, foi possível observar que na maioria dos parâmetros abordados pelo questionário, os homens apresentaram valores demonstrativos de maior independência quando comparados as mulheres nos parâmetros de banhar-se, ir ao banheiro, realizar transferências de posição, alimentar-se e ser continentes. Considerações finais: Os idosos avaliados apresentaram semelhança no grau de funcionalidade, não tendo diferença estatística na comparação do grau de independência entre os gêneros.
Tecnologia educacional no processo de formação de enfermeiros
Authors: Pissaia Luis Felipe , Costa Arlete Eli Kunz da , Rehfeldt Márcia Jussara Hepp , Moreschi Claudete
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: o presente estudo possuiu o objetivo de identificar as percepções de enfermeiros acerca do contato com tecnologias educacionais durante sua graduação. Método: a pesquisa é descritivo-exploratória, de caráter qualitativo, realizada por meio da aplicação de questionário, a seis enfermeiros atuantes em uma unidade de internação clínica geral de um hospital de médio porte, localizado no Vale do Taquari, região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Resultados: constatou-se, com base nos relatos dos profissionais que, durante a realização de seus cursos foram utilizadas diversas tecnologias incorporadas às metodologias de ensino existentes, tanto por meio de equipamentos e softwares utilizados em laboratórios, quanto por técnicas de ensino diferenciadas empregadas pelos docentes em diferentes momentos. Verificou-se que, durante as disciplinas foi contextualizada a aplicação de tecnologias no campo prático, em estágios e possíveis locais de trabalho, fortalecendo o contato com distintas ferramentas enquanto acadêmico. Os enfermeiros consideraram importante o contato com diferentes tecnologias, durante a graduação, como forma de preparação acadêmica e profissional, possibilitando uma vivência única e abrangente sobre o espaço de atuação do enfermeiro, principalmente, enquanto gestor de unidade de saúde. Considerações finais: considera-se pertinente a utilização de tecnologias em sala de aula como meio de facilitar os processos de aprender e apreender frente à problematização e reflexão dos estudantes. Verifica-se a necessidade do uso de tecnologias nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem como forma de qualificação do futuro profissional, exercendo assim, uma assistência de qualidade e resolutiva à população.
Avaliação da funcionalidade de idosos institucionalizados: relação entre a MIF e a ICF
Authors: Fleig Tania Cristina Malezan , Oliveira Murilo Rezende
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: demonstrar através da Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF), as características funcionais de idosos em instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI’s), identificando a possível relação deste instrumento com a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (ICF). Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 55 idosos institucionalizados com idade média de 79,7±10,2 anos. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada através da MIF, sendo os domínios deste instrumento relacionados com as categorias da ICF. Cada idoso foi qualificado, quanto às limitações funcionais conforme a ICF. A análise de dados foi descrita em média, desvio padrão e frequência. Resultados: 72,7% dos idosos eram do sexo feminino, sendo a doença de Alzheimer o diagnóstico mais observado (45,4%). No que diz respeito à capacidade funcional, houve um predomínio de idosos com independência completa (47,3%). Na relação das categorias da ICF, com os domínios do instrumento de avaliação funcional, mostrou-se positiva em todos os itens. Considerações finais: os resultados indicam que os idosos em questão apresentavam independência completa para realizar suas atividades de vida diária. Além disso, a relação do instrumento de avaliação funcional com a ICF possibilitou-nos uma visão ampliada sobre o processo de envelhecimento de uma população de idosos institucionalizados, principalmente no componente Atividade e Participação, podendo ser utilizada como indicadora para o desenvolvimento de estratégias e propostas de intervenções que favoreçam a demanda clínica e pessoal destes idosos.
Insatisfação com a imagem corporal e fatores associados em universitários
Authors: Alves Felipe Rocha , Souza Evanice Avelino de , Paiva Caroline Dos Santos de , Teixeira Francisco Alex Alves
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: verificar a insatisfação corporal em universitários e sua associação com sexo, faixa etária, área, semestre letivo, turno de estudo, prática de atividade física e ocupação profissional. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 1265 universitários (≤ 18 e ≥ 36 anos de idade), de ambos os sexos, de uma instituição particular de ensino superior do município de Caucaia, Ceará. A percepção da imagem corporal foi estimada pela escala de silhuetas proposta por Stunkard. Foram coletadas variáveis sociodemográficas e prática de atividade física regular (sim ou não). Inicialmente, recorreu-se à análise descritiva em valores absolutas (n) e relativos (%); em seguida foi empregado o teste do Qui-quadrado, adotando-se p≤0,05. Resultados: do total, 52,3% dos universitários apresentaram insatisfação por excesso de peso. Destes, a maioria era do gênero feminino (33,0%), tinham entre 19 e 25 anos (24,0%), estavam matriculados em semestres intermediários (27,0%) e estudavam à noite (36,7%), com diferença significativa (p≤0,001). Em relação à área, um maior percentual apresentou insatisfação por excesso de peso (32,1% e 20,3%), saúde e exatas respectivamente (p≤0,005). Não foi encontrado diferença significativa da imagem corporal, com a prática de atividade física. Considerações finais: os resultados indicaram um elevado percentual de universitários insatisfeitos por excesso de peso. Espera-se que os resultados obtidos possam contribuir para a implantação de estratégias e ações em saúde voltadas a melhor aceitação do corpo.
Qualidade de vida de pessoas com doenças crônicas
Authors: Pereira Daiane Naiara , Tolentino Grassyara Pinho , Soares Viviane , Venâncio Patrícia Espíndola Mota
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: identificar a qualidade de vida de pessoas com doenças crônicas, internadas em hospitais de Anápolis Goiás. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, transversal descritiva, utilizando o questionário WHOQOL – bref. Com amostra de 31 pacientes internados em dois hospitais da rede publica de saúde de Anápolis/Goiás com idade 57±1,34 anos, sendo a amostra representada por 15 homens e 16 mulheres, que apresentavam uma ou mais, dos principais tipos de doenças crônicas, sendo elas a hipertensão arterial, diabetes, câncer e doenças cardiovasculares. Foi feita uma análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: com resultados no domínio físico, a maioria dos indivíduos pesquisados foi classificada com 22,6% “muito ruim” 29% em “ruim”; no domínio psicológico com 32,3% como “nem boa e nem ruim”; no domínio social a maioria já obteve um melhor resultado com 48,4% na classificação “bom”; domínio ambiente com 45,2% “boa” e de acordo com a percepção dos indivíduos a qualidade de vida foi classificada com 41,9% “nem boa, nem ruim”. Considerações finais: o estudo identificou que as pessoas com doenças crônicas avaliadas neste estudo, consideram sua qualidade de vida “nem ruim nem boa”, principalmente nos aspectos físicos e psicológicos, a doença crônica pode sim, ter afetado a qualidade de vida. Porém, traz resultados satisfatórios no domínio social, como apoio familiar e o domínio ambiente.
simulation study on the effect of climate change on crop water use and chill unit accumulation
Authors: Ogundeji Abiodun A. , Jordaan Henry
Published: July 2017

Climate change and its impact on already scarce water resources are of global importance, but even more so for water scarce countries. Apart from the effect of climate change on water supply, the chill unit requirement of deciduous fruit crops is also expected to be affected. Although research on crop water use has been undertaken, researchers have not taken the future climate into consideration. They also have focused on increasing temperatures but failed to relate temperature to chill unit accumulation, especially in South Africa. With a view of helping farmers to adapt to climate change, in this study we provide information that will assist farmers in their decision-making process for adaptation and in the selection of appropriate cultivars of deciduous fruits. Crop water use and chill unit requirements are modelled for the present and future climate. Results show that, irrespective of the irrigation system employed, climate change has led to increases in crop water use. Water use with the drip irrigation system was lower than with sprinkler irrigation as a result of efficiency differences in the irrigation technologies. It was also confirmed that the accumulated chill units will decrease in the future as a consequence of climate change. In order to remain in production, farmers need to adapt to climate change stress by putting in place water resources and crop management plans. Thus, producers must be furnished with a variety of adaptation or management strategies to overcome the impact of climate change.

Significance: 

Producers must closely monitor the usage of efficient irrigation technology.

Climate adaptation needs to be anticipated years in advance and will require a transition to different crop species or cultivars or the development of management practices.

The results of this study will guide producers in the selection of cultivars when re-establishing their orchards.
Teacher participation in science fairs as professional development in South Africa
Authors: Mbowane Clement K. , De Villiers J.J. Rian , Braun Max W.H.
Published: July 2017

This research was undertaken to understand the perceptions of the Physical Sciences teachers who participate in the South African ‘Eskom Expo for Young Scientists’, regarding the educational significance of the science fair, and the extent to which expo participation provides an opportunity for professional development. The educational significance of this article is found in its contribution to the professional identity of teachers in their roles as organisers, mentors and judges. The model of Beijaard et al. (Teach Teach Educ. 2004;20:107–128) was used to characterise the teachers’ professional identity in terms of professional knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, norms and values, as well as emotions and agency. Interviews with the Physical Sciences teachers were analysed using thematic analysis, ultimately interpreting and linking the categories of responses to the theme of professional identity. The study found that expo participation contributes to pedagogical knowledge, content knowledge (as both procedural and declarative or factual knowledge) and pedagogical content knowledge. Self-efficacy beliefs were strengthened, positive attitudes were developed, and strategies of inquiry-based learning and effective methodological instruction were observed during participation, which contributed to the participants’ school-based teaching. Teachers learn both from their engagement with learners, and through networking opportunities with fellow teachers. Teachers themselves value these aspects, and consequently, science fair participation is a sustainable form of professional development. It is recommended that the opportunity for professional development that is provided by teachers’ participation in such school-level science fairs should be acknowledged and promoted by schools and fair organisers.

Significance: 

Science expos offer professional development to participating teachers and improve learners’ academic performance.
Examining social media adoption and change to the stakeholder communication paradigm in not-for-profit sport organizations
Authors: Naraine Michael L , Parent Milena M
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine social media adoption within not-for-profit sport organizations to illuminate the impetus for change, the type of change undertaken, and change resistance. Using a contextualist approach depicting the external and internal forces as well as the change process, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten Canadian national sport organizations (NSO) representing varying degrees of social media presence. The findings suggest that, although social media is espoused as a radical, transformational vehicle, NSOs have only made incremental adjustments to their stakeholder communication and have situated social media within their extant organizational condition due to capacity constraints and resistance from staff and reticent stakeholders. Adopting social media in light of limited organizational capacity thus diminishes the utility of the communications tool. Theoretical and practical implications include how to improve social media-related capacity and the importance of continuing the social media and sport domain’s organizational theory agenda.
Table of Contents
Authors: Bass Jordan
Published: July 2017

Table of Contents for Volume Three, Issue Two (2017)
Morir ¿de amor? Enfermedad y muerte en cuatro novelas de Soledad Acosta de Samper (1833-1913)
Authors: Licón Azuvia
Published: July 2017

Entre 1864 y 1906, Soledad Acosta de Samper (1833-1913) publicó alrededor de 20 novelas y cerca de 50 relatos breves en las páginas de los periódicos y revistas más importantes de Colombia. Como una forma de aproximación a este extenso y versátil corpus he decidido estudiar los elementos románticos y realistas de algunas de estas novelas a partir de las distintas maneras en las que se relacionan el amor, la enfermedad y la muerte. Estos tres elementos, presentes en las cuatro obras que analizaré, dan cuenta de los cambios en las preocupaciones literarias y sociales de la autora. En este artículo buscaré demostrar que en Dolores (1867) y Teresa la limeña (1868), la concepción idealizada de la muerte y su vínculo con los sentimientos exacerbados son una manifestación de los rasgos románticos de estas obras, mientras que en Doña Jerónima (1878-1879) y El talismán de Enrique (1879), la relación entre higiene, enfermedad y muerte, como consecuencia de un cambio en los códigos de verosimilitud, apuntan a un alejamiento de lo romántico y un acercamiento a lo realista.
Narrativas en vilo (2016). Editores académicos: Clemencia Ardila, Luis Fernando Restrepo, Sergio VillalobosRuminott. Medellín: Fondo Editorial Universidad EAFIT, 230 p.
Authors: Salazar Carlos Andrés
Published: July 2017

Reseña bibliográfica
El proyecto simondoniano: la individuación del ser en devenir
Authors: Builes Roldán Isabella , Manrique Tisnés Horacio , Henao Galeano Carlos Mario
Published: July 2017

En este artículo se presenta la propuesta del filósofo Gilbert Simondon acerca del proceso de individuación, según la cual el ser está en devenir y puede desfasarse para resolver sus tensiones y dar lugar a individuos físicos o vivientes que constituyen un sistema y atraviesan una serie de equilibrios metaestables. Además, como claro ejemplo de una forma de individuación transindividual (referida al ser humano), se menciona la capacidad de invención, que se da gracias a la información que el individuo adquiere y recupera por medio de la imaginación, la cual integra la percepción y la afectividad y permite crear nuevas normas o artefactos instalándolos en el devenir. Por último, se muestran otras perspectivas de individuación desde distintos autores y se contrastan con la propuesta de Simondon.
Los conceptos de bondad y obra en la ética unamuniana
Authors: Maroco dos Santos Emanuel José
Published: July 2017

En el presente estudio procuraremos determinar los dos ejes de la ética unamuniana, que, al estar vinculados con el dualismo antropológico “yo-íntimo” y “yo-público”, podríamos condensar en los conceptos de “bondad” y “obra”. Unamuno, en cuanto heredero del romanticismo y del existencialismo, consideró que lo fundamental, en términos axiológicos, era que los individuos aprendiesen a “ser buenos” y no a “hacer [meramente] el bien”, ya que solo a través de la pureza del sentir, es decir, de la “bondad ética”, el “sujeto moral” podría constituirse como una “persona” a través de sus “obras”. En este aspecto, la relación de la ética unamuniana con los “oficios” es decisiva, ya que cada “individuo” a través de su “profesión” está llamado a formar su “persona”.
Necesidades de información en los aspirantes a la prueba de acceso para mayores de 45 años a la Universidad
Authors: González Martín Rafael
Published: July 2017

El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre los procesos de información que perciben los aspirantes a la prueba de acceso para mayores de 45 años a la Universidad a través de un análisis de las necesidades expresadas por dichos aspirantes como paso previo al planteamiento de cualquier intervención sobre la problemática resultante.

Los datos se recogieron, a través de un cuestionario, en una muestra de los aspirantes a la prueba de acceso para mayores de 45 años en la convocatoria de 2015 y 2016 en la Universidad de Sevilla.

El resultado refleja la necesidad de crear unos servicios de orientación y asesoramiento específicos para este colectivo de mayores de 45 años.

 

Palabras claves: Necesidades, Acceso a la Universidad, Información Académica, Orientación Universitaria.
Práticas pedagógicas adotadas por docentes do ensino médio para redução da evasão escolarbenedito
Authors: Ferreira Gecilane , Ribeiro Eliane , Curvo Lucimar Rodrigues Vieira , Alencar Sonia Biaggi Alves de , Lima Aguinel Messias de , Luca Alexander Stein de , Curvo Rodolfo José de Campos , Martins Napólis Patricia
Published: July 2017

Resumo. Pesquisas realizada no CEM Castelo Branco, aponta que a qualidade do Ensino está diretamente relacionada com o abandono escolar e que as práticas de ensino adotadas em sala de aula podem influenciar na evasão escolar. Pensando nisso, a proposta deste estudo é analisar como a Coordenação vê e espera que sejam as ações metodológicas dos seus educadores bem como avaliar a realidade das práticas de ensino, abordando aquelas consideradas exitosas. O questionamento foi realizado com a coordenadora e com três professores de uma Unidade Escolar. Embora a Escola se baseie na teoria do Construtivismo e do Ensino Tradicional, os resultados indicam que as metodologias empregadas pelos professores não diferem muito umas das outras, em sua maioria, limitado ao uso do pincel e do quadro. Embora, sem experimentação e com pouca contextualização, há presença de algumas práticas consideradas exitosas. Esta última tem contribuindo deforma significativa para o processo de ensino/aprendizagem.
Palavras Chave. Metodologias. Evasão. Professores
Proyecto de inserción sociolaboral ¿Subimos juntos la escalera?
Authors: Alonso Bello Estefanía , Santana Vega Lidia E. , Feliciano García Luis
Published: July 2017

El objetivo del proyecto “¿Subimos Juntosla Escalera?”, desarrollado porla Asociación Kanariade Infancia y financiado por Dirección General de Juventud del Gobierno dela Comunidad Autónomade Canarias, era proporcionar apoyo y supervisión a jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión social que abandonaban el sistema de protección, ofreciéndoles estrategias y herramientas que les permitiesen su inserción sociolaboral. En el proyecto participaron jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión social, sus tutores y empresarios. Para la recogida de información durante el desarrollo del proyecto se utilizaron técnicas e instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos: cuestionario y entrevista a los jóvenes, entrevista a tutores, planes individuales de inserción, diarios de campo, cuestionarios de prácticas, informes de prácticas e informes de baja. Durante el desarrollo del proyecto los jóvenes: 1) adquirieron estrategias de búsqueda de empleo, 2) mejoraron sus competencias de empleabilidad, 3) mejoraron su formación. Sin embargo no todos llegaron a conseguir un empleo y emanciparse. Se discuten los factores que modulan la inserción laboral. El proyecto es un recurso demandado por los jóvenes que sale de los sistemas de protección, ya que a los 18 años deben dejar los centros sin contar con ayudas de ningún tipo y afrontar una realidad para la que no están  preparados.
O pensar complexo e o olhar fenomenológico da formação docente na perspectiva da dimensão humana
Authors: Bueno Enilda Rodrigues de Almeida , Suanno João Henrique
Published: July 2017

Resumo: Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante o estágio pós-doutoral, a partir da análise das contribuições de Husserl (1996), Merleau-Ponty (1999), Capalbo (2008), Bueno (2011, 2014, 2016,), Morin (2000, 2001, 2005), Torre ( 2009), Moraes (2003, 2012, 2014), Moraes e Almeida (2012), J. H. Suanno e Santos (2013), J. H. Suanno, M. V. R. Suanno e Pinho (2014), entre outras. Seu objetivo foi rever e aprofundar conceitos e princípios nos referenciais, buscando aproximações que contribuam no redimensionamento da educação, mais especificamente a formação docente na perspectiva do humano, da compreensão existencial no mundo vivido. Nesse sentido, a problemática tem relação com a possibilidade de avançar nas propostas de formação docente a partir da fenomenología e da complexidade, com destaque às dimensões humana e inter/transdisciplinar, como contraponto para redimensionar a formação reducionista e técnica, ainda presente no contexto atual. A pesquisa se justifica pela investigação de novas perspectivas epistemológicas e ontológicas, para transcender os limites conceituais da formação docente contemporânea. As abordagens investigadas se aproximam em relação à valorização do humano a partir das dimensões inter e transdisciplinar, buscando atender suas especificidades, a partir do mundo real e global.
Educación inclusiva. Sonrisas y lágrimas
Authors: Echeita Sarrionandia Gerardo
Published: July 2017

RESUMENEn este artículo se analiza el significado global que tiene el derecho a una educación inclusiva, que internacionalmente está formalmente establecido. Al hilo de algunas preguntas básicas sobre esta cuestión y de sus respectivas respuestas, se articula el análisis sobre el sentido, las dimensiones, y dilemas a los que hoy se enfrentan los agentes educativos encargados de implementarla, en particular en España, si bien muchos de ellos son similares en otras partes del mundo. La contradicción fragrante entre lo que se dice en las normas y lo que realmente ocurre en muchos centros educativos, “entre lo dicho y lo hecho”, genera enormes tensiones y desgarros emocionales que afectan muy negativamente a muchos estudiantes vulnerables y a sus familias.Palabras Clave: educación inclusiva, derecho, dilemas,contradicciones.ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the overall meaning which has the right to inclusive education that internationally is formally established. The analysis of the dimensions regarding inclusive education, besides the dilemmas faced by educational stakeholders responsible for implementing, its organised trough some basic questions and their answer. This analysis is relevant for the Spanish context but also in other countries around de world. The big gap among theory and practices, create enormous tensions and emotional tears that affect very negatively to many vulnerable students and their families.Keywords: inclusive education, rigths, dilemmas, contradictions.
Presentación del monográfico Educación inclusiva: avances desde la reflexión, la práctica y la investigación
Authors: Rodríguez-Martín Alejandro , Álvarez-Arregui Emilio
Published: July 2017

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TIC y discapacidad. Conocimiento del profesorado de educación primaria en Andalucía
Authors: Fernández Batanero José Mª , Román Graván Pedro , El Homrani Mohammed
Published: July 2017

RESUMENEn la actualidad, debemos considerar la formación permanente del profesorado y, con ella, el aprendizaje continuo, como necesarios y esenciales para desarrollar una educación de calidad en igualdad y equidad. En este contexto, las TIC abren una nueva forma de acceder a la información y un gran puente de comunicación, ya que para algunas personas las tecnologías constituyen la única vía de acceso al mundo educativo y de la cultura. En este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en una investigación cuyo propósito se centró en la identificación del nivel de formación y conocimiento tecnológico que el profesorado de educación primaria, de las provincias de Granada, Huelva, Jaén y Sevilla, tienen respecto a la aplicación de las TIC para personas con discapacidad. A partir de un diseño de investigación del tipo ex post-facto descriptivo, la muestra estuvo compuesta por 425 docentes. Como estrategia de recogida de información empleamos un cuestionario confeccionado ad hoc, validado mediante el procedimiento de “Coeficiente de competencia experta” o “Coeficiente K”. El nivel de fiabilidad del instrumento fue analizado mediante la alfa de Cronbach. Entre los resultados obtenidos destacamos la baja capacitación del profesorado.Palabras Clave: tecnologías de la información y comunicación, discapacidad, inclusión educativa, accesibilidad.ABSTRACTAt present, we must consider the ongoing training of teachers and, with it, continuous learning, as necessary and essential to develop a quality education in equality and equity. In this context, ICTs open a new way of accessing information and a great communication bridge, since for some people technologies are the only way to access the world of education and culture. The article presents the results of an investigation whose purpose is focused on identifying the level of training and technological knowledge that the specialist in physical education primary teachers of Primary Education of Seville and its province, with respect to the application of ICT for people with disabilities. From a research design type descriptive ex post facto, the sample was composed of 87 teachers. As information collection strategy used a questionnaire prepared ad hoc, validated by the process of “coefficient expert competence” or “K Coefficient”. The level of reliability of the instrument was analyzed by Cronbach’s alpha. Among the results we highlight the low training of primary school teachers regarding the application of ICT for students with disabilities.Keywords: information and communication technology, disability, educational inclusion, accessibility.
Weighing Oneself on a Scale Inhibits the Food Intake Enhancing Effect of Food Primes
Authors: Gupta Elena Ilakshi , Wang Catherine , Corona Rachel , Levitsky David
Published: July 2017

Frequent self-weighing has been found to facilitate weight maintenance and the prevention of age-related weight gain. Three experiments were performed to examine the hypothesis that the act of self-weighing inhibits the increase in food intake elicited by food primes. In the first study, participants were provided with a small bowl of chocolate, and consumption of the snack was compared between those who self-weighed and those who did not. In the second study, participants were randomized into three groups: (a) those who watched food advertisements and did not self-weigh, (b) those who watched food advertisements and self-weighed, and (c) those who watched neutral advertisements and did not self-weigh. The third study added a negative control group that watched neutral advertisements and self-weighed. The results revealed that weighing oneself inhibits snack intake, as well as reduces the effects of stimulating food intake when watching a food advertisement. Understanding the mechanism behind this phenomenon means that we can harness the psychological power of stepping on the scale to help combat the prevalence of obesity in the United States.
A rare case of secondary live advanced abdominal pregnancy
Authors: Swain Sujata , Naik Sagarika
Published: July 2017

A 25-year-old gravida 2 para one with a history of 8 months lactational amenorrhoea presented to labour room with pain in abdomen since, 20 days in shock. Fundal height of uterus corresponded to 34 weeks size with unstable lie and uterus was relaxed. Fetal parts were palpable more easily than usual. Fetal heart sound was good. Pelvic examination revealed uneffaced and undilated cervix. Antenatal ultrasonography showed a single, viable fetus with gestational age of 33 weeks 6 days with oblique lie with head in right lower quadrant. Placenta was located in lower uterine segment covering internal os with AFI – nil with normal fetal cardiac activity and fetal movement. On opening the abdomen there was a boggy mass in the lower pelvic cavity with fetus with intact membrane lying in the abdominal cavity. Baby was delivered by breech extraction Baby weighed 2.2kg with no congenital anomaly. Placenta with membrane was in the left non-communicating horn of uterus with feeding vessels from omentum which were clamped, cut and ligated. The non-communicating horn with placenta was resected and left salpingo oophorectomy was done. Examination of intraabdominal viscera confirmed no injury. There was no torrential haemorrhage intraoperatively and abdomen was closed in layers after achieving proper hemostasis.
Alternate nostril breathing: a systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Ghiya Shreya
Published: July 2017

Anulom-vilom Pranayama/ alternate nostril breathing (ANB)/Nadi-suddhi pranayama is one of the common yogic breathing techniques and involves breathing through one nostril at a time while closing the other nostril manually. This study aimed to summarize effects of independent ANB on various physiological parameters, to evaluate safety issues in clinical populations and collect published primary scientific evidence on the benefits of ANB. PubMed/Medline, Cinahl, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched using the following terms: Alternate nostril breathing, Anulom-vilom/ anuloma-viloma pranayama, Nadi-shodhan/Nadi-shodhana pranayama. Forty-four randomized controlled trials were included in this review paper. These studies evaluated the effects of alternate nostril breathing on parameters of the autonomic nervous system, cardiopulmonary system, cognitive functioning, problem solving and motor memory retention. Of the studies, ten showed a high level of bias; twenty-nine showed a low level of bias and five showed an unknown level of bias as per Cochrane systemic review guidelines. Most of the studies included healthy subjects and age range was eight to seventy years. Alternate nostril breathing has few variations and standardization of the technique is yet to be established. This technique provides high level evidence for positive outcomes for the autonomic nervous and cardiopulmonary systems. There is also high level of evidence regarding improvement in cognitive functioning with regular practice of alternate nostril breathing. More clinical trials are required to evaluate the effects of alternate nostril breathing in clinical populations and to synthesize effective frequency and duration parameters.