bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Right Ventricular Thrombosis in a Middle-Aged Man with Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia: The Additive Role of Tissue Doppler Imaging
Authors: Sonaglioni Andrea , Lucidi Alessandro , Luisi Francesca , Caminati Antonella , Nicolosi Gian Luigi , Rispoli Gaetana Anna , Zompatori Maurizio , Lombardo Michele , Harari Sergio
Published: February 2025

Right ventricular thrombosis (RVT) is rarely detected in clinical practice. Depending on its etiology, RVT may originate from a deep venous thrombosis (type A) or in situ (type B). The type A is characterized by increased mobility and frequent pulmonary embolization, whereas the type B is nonmobile and is associated with significant right ventricular (RV) dilatation and dysfunction. The third RVT type is the type C, with intermediate characteristics between type A and type B. Herein, we present a case of type C RVT, originated in situ and complicated by subsegmental pulmonary embolism (PE), diagnosed in a 46-year-old man with acute-on-chronic respiratory failure secondary to acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease. He underwent a multimodality imaging assessment of the RV mass comprehensive of TTE, TEE, contrast-enhanced chest CT and LGE-CMR. During the clinical course, a serial echocardiographic assess-ment of the RV mass allowed to provide a dynamic evaluation of its features and cardiac hemodynamics. Conventional TTE was implemented with color-tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and pulsed wave (PW) TDI to improve the visualization of RV mass and to objectively measure its mobility. The increased RVT mass peak antegrade velocity (>10 cm/s) was predictive of the subsequent RVT fragmentation and pulmonary embolization. In conclusion, color-TDI and PW-TDI may aid in the differential diagnosis of RV masses and may improve the prognostic risk stratification of patients with right-sided intracardiac masses.
Assessment of Soil Health through Metagenomic Analysis of Microbiomes in Russian’s Black Soil
Authors: Galanova Olesya O , Mitkin Nikita M. , Danilova Albina A. , Pavshintsev Vsevolod V. , Tsybizov Denis A. , Zakharenko Alexander M. , Golokhvast Kirill S. , Grigoryeva Tatiana V. , Markelova Maria I , Vatlin Aleksey A.
Published: February 2025

Soil health is a critical determinant of agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. Traditional assessment methods often fail to provide a comprehensive understanding of soil microbial communities and their functions. This study addresses this challenge by employing metagenomic techniques to assess the functionality of soil microbiomes in Russian black soil, renowned for its high fertility. We utilized shotgun metagenomic sequencing to analyze soil samples from Western Siberia subjected to different degrees of agro-soil disturbance. We identified functional genes involved in carbon (accA, argG, acsA, mphE, miaB), phosphorus (phoB, ppa, pstB, pnp, phnJ), and nitrogen (queC, amiF, pyrG, guaA, guaB, napA) metabolic pathways and associated with changes in microbial diversity in general and higher representation of certain bacterial species - Bradyrhizobium spp. Results demonstrated significant differences in microbial composition and functional potential between tillage treatments. No-Till technology and conventional tillage practices promoted beneficial microbial communities and enhanced soil health compared to long-term fallow soil. This work underscores the potential of metagenomic analysis in providing a comprehensive understanding of soil health, marking a significant advancement in the field.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Perineural Nerve Block with Ropivacaine and Dexamethasone in Patients with Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – A Prospective Pilot Trial
Authors: Winkler Lucia Maria , Smolle Christian , Fellner Andreas , Kamolz Lars-Peter , Girsch Werner
Published: February 2025

Objective: Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (nTOS) is a rare compression neuropathy and establishing a firm diagnosis can be challenging. Interscalene nerve blocks with Ropivacaine and Dexamethasone have been proposed in cases with typical symptoms and without evident pathology of the thoracic outlet (i.e. disputed nTOS) to establish the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interscalene nerve block for long term pain relief in patients with true and disputed nTOS.

Methods: Patients between 18 and 90 years of age with either true or disputed nTOS were prospectively included into the study. All patients received an interscalene nerve block with Ropivacaine and Dexamethasone. At baseline, 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after infiltration, minimum and maximum pain levels were assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS 0-10). Furthermore, arm function was assessed using the Quick-DASH and health-related quality of life was assessed by means of the SF-12 questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 29.0 using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and t-test for paired samples. A p-value below 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: 21 patients were included into the study. There was a significant decrease of the minimum (pmin) and maximum (pmax) mean pain levels 2 and 6 weeks after baseline. Thereafter, 12 patients dropped out of the study due to surgery. In the remaining 9 patients, pain levels remained significantly lower than baseline at 12 and 24 weeks after infiltration. Quick-DASH scores as well as the physical domain of the SF-12 showed significant improvement compared to baseline.

Conclusion: In patients with true and disputed nTOS, long term pain relief can be achieved with the interscalene nerve block with Ropivacaine and Dexamethasone. Additionally, the study indicated an improvement in arm function and health-related quality of life. In patients with disputed nTOS, the interscalene nerve block may be a useful tool to establish the diagnosis of clinically relevant true nTOS.
Cardiometabolic Profile Analysis of Patients with COPD-Related Type 2 Respiratory Failure in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Menteş Oral , Çelik Deniz , Yildiz Murat , Ensarioglu Kerem , Cirik Mustafa Ozgur , Peker Tulay Tuncer , Canbay Fatma , Eraslan Doganay Guler , Kahraman Abdullah
Published: February 2025

Objectives
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can become complicated by Type 2 respiratory failure. This study aimed to analyze the cardiological and metabolic comorbidities of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to COPD-related Type 2 respiratory failure and evaluate their effects on clinical outcomes.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 258 patients admitted to the Secondary-Level Pulmonary Diseases Intensive Care Unit between January 2022 and January 2024. Patients' demographic data, cardiological and metabolic comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and ICU-related variables were evaluated using statistical analysis methods.
Results
The most common comorbidities were hypertension (57.0%), congestive heart failure (48.1%), diabetes mellitus (31.4%), and obesity (37.6%). Female patients had significantly higher rates of hypothyroidism, hypertension, obesity, and congestive heart failure compared to males. Patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) had significantly higher cardiothoracic ratios and proBNP levels. ICU length of stay was significantly longer in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Cardiomegaly and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were more frequently observed in obese patients. Additionally, in COPD patients, a body mass index (BMI) threshold of 25.5 was determined as a cutoff value for radiological cardiomegaly findings with a sensitivity of 69.9% and specificity of 59.5%. Elevated pCO₂ and bicarbonate levels in patients receiving long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) were associated with advanced-stage COPD.
Conclusion
Metabolic and cardiological comorbidities significantly impact the clinical prognosis and ICU management of patients diagnosed with COPD and Type 2 respiratory failure. Special attention should be given to monitoring female and obese patients. Future studies should explore how individualized and preventive follow-up and treatment approaches can improve patient outcomes.
Intraoperative Ephedrine Use in Hip Arthroplasty: A Comparative Analysis of Spinal Anesthesia Combinations and Chronic Hypertensive Status
Authors: Bimbo-Szuhai Erika , Botea Mihai Octavian , John Harrie Toms , Danciu Adela Bostan , Razvan Pirvan Titus , Bontea Mihaela Gabriela , Salajan Caius , Rusu Maria Viviana , Osiceanu Adrian Gheorghe , Macovei Iulia Codruta
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: We have conducted a retrospective study on patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty. We analyzed spinal anesthesia hemodynamic effects for optimal spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension (SAIH) management. This study explored the perioperative factors related to spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension and the dose of Ephedrine used to ensure hemodynamic stability. Materials and methods: Every patient benefits from information regarding details of the surgery approach and possible intraoperative hemodynamic variations induced by spinal anesthesia (SA). Three hundred twenty-nine patients were included in this study. We compared two groups based on the type of SA: bupivacaine with morphine (group M) and bupivacaine with fentanyl (group F). Results: We observed that the amount of ephedrine dose used correlates with high blood pressure (HBP) in 19 % of cases and with age in 44,1%. Conclusion: Ephedrine use for hemodynamic stability is the key to ensuring safer and more effective perioperative care.
Application of an Empirical Method for the Estimation of Vehicles Contribution to Air Pollution in an Urban Environment. A Case Study in Athens, Greece
Authors: Chasapi Maria-Aliki , Moustris Konstantinos , Fameli Kyriaki-Maria , Spyropoulos Georgios
Published: February 2025

This research focuses on monitoring and analyzing air pollutant emissions, mainly from passenger vehicles, at a busy urban intersection with 19 traffic lanes at the junction of Thivon Avenue and Iera Odos, located in the Egaleo municipality, an urban region of Athens, Greece. To collect data, a monitoring study was conducted specifically on the four central traffic streams of the specific intersection. On each segment of the road a specific length was assigned through which vehicles pass at an average speed in order their emissions to be estimated. For each vehicle, the engine type (gas or diesel) and engine displacement were taken into account to calculate the predicted mass of vehicle emissions. These measurements were conducted separately for each segment and recorded during three signal phases (from green to red) for two weekdays and one non-working day. This approach allows for monitoring pollutant levels at various hours and traffic conditions. The analysis revealed not only the overall quantity of emissions from vehicles but also their fluctuations throughout the day and traffic conditions, comparing them with the regulatory limits set by the EU. Significant findings regarding the impact of traffic on air quality are highlighted.
PRIVocular: Enhancing User Privacy Through Air-Gapped Communication Channels
Authors: Bikos Anastasios N.
Published: February 2025

Virtual Reality (VR)/Metaverse is transforming into a ubiquitous technology by leveraging smart devices to provide highly immersive experiences at an affordable price. Cryptographically securing such augmented reality schemes is of paramount importance. Securely transferring the same secret key, i.e., obfuscated, between several parties is the main issue with symmetric cryptography, the workhorse of modern cryptography because of its ease of use and quick speed. Typically, asymmetric cryptography establishes a shared secret between parties, after which the switch to symmetric encryption can be made. However, several SoTA (State-of-The-Art) security research schemes lack flexibility and scalability for industrial Internet of Things (IoT)-sized applications. In this paper, we present the full architecture of the PRIVocular framework. PRIVocular (i.e., PRIV(acy)-ocular) is a VR-ready hardware-software integrated system that is capable of visually transmitting user data over three versatile modes of encapsulation, encrypted –without loss of generality– using an asymmetric-key cryptosystem. These operation modes can be Optical Characters-based or QR-tag-based. Encryption and decryption primarily depend on each mode’s success ratio of correct encoding-decoding. We investigate the most efficient means of ocular (encrypted) data transfer by considering several designs and contributing to each framework component. Our pre-prototyped framework can provide such privacy preservation (namely virtual proof of privacy (VPP)) and visually secure data transfer promptly (<1000 msec), as well as the physical distance of the smart glasses (∼50 cm).
Optimization of Carrier Selection and Cargo Consolidation in U.S. Freight Transportation: A Game Theory and TSP Approach
Authors: Malinovskiy Pavel
Published: February 2025

Background: In the competitive realm of freight transportation, optimizing carrier selection and consolidation strategies is paramount to reducing operational costs and enhancing supply chain efficiency. Methods: This paper presents an integrated framework that combines game theoryvia an auction methodand the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) for route optimization, applied to U.S. freight logistics. New supplier cities across the Eastern, Central, and Western regions of the United States are considered, and two optimal consolidation warehouses are determined through weighted cluster analysis. Distinct transportation tariffs, determined by regional characteristics, are employed to calculate delivery costs. Results: The analysis demonstrates that by reassigning consolidation hubs and leveraging competitive bidding, monthly transportation costs can be reduced by approximately $20,000. Conclusions: The synergy between game-theoretic auctions and TSP-based route optimization significantly enhances logistical efficiency and cost-effectiveness, offering practical benefits for supply chain management in the freight industry.
A.A.A. Good Wines WANTED: Blockchain, Non-Destructive Ultrasonic Techniques and Soil Health Assessment for Wine Traceability
Authors: Perinelli Diego Romano , Coletta Martina , Sabbatini Beatrice , D'Alessandro Aldo , Fabiani Fabio , Passacantando Andrea , Bonacucina Giulia , La Terza Antonietta
Published: February 2025

The wine industry faces increasing challenges related to authenticity, safety, and sustainability due to recurrent fraud, shifting consumer preferences, and environmental concerns. In this study, part of the B.I.O.C.E.R.T.O project, we integrated blockchain technology with ultrasonic spectroscopy and soil quality data by using the arthropod-based Soil Biological Quality Index (QBS-ar), to enhance traceability, ensure wine quality, and certify sustainable vineyard practices. Four representative wines from the Marche region (Sangiovese, Maceratino, and two Verdicchio PDO varieties) were analysed across two vintages (2021 and 2022). Ultrasound spectroscopy demonstrated high sensitivity in distinguishing wines based on ethanol and sugar content, comparable to conventional viscosity-based methods. The QBS-ar index was applied to investigate the soil biodiversity status according to the agricultural management practices applied in each vineyard, reinforcing consumer confidence in environmentally responsible viticulture. By recording these data on a public blockchain, we developed a secure, transparent, and immutable certification system to verify the geographical origin of wines along with their unique characteristics. This is the first study to integrate advanced analytical techniques with blockchain technology for wine traceability, simultaneously addressing counterfeiting, consumer demand for transparency, and biodiversity preservation. Our findings support the applicability of this model to other agri-food sectors, with potential for expansion through additional analytical techniques, such as isotopic analysis and further agroecosystem sustainability indicators.
Microbiome Dysbiosis in Mytilus chilensis Is Induced by Hypoxia, Leading to Molecular and Functional Consequences
Authors: Montúfar-Romero Milton , Valenzuela-Miranda Diego , Valenzuela-Muñoz Valentina , Morales-Rivera María , Gallardo-Escárate Cristian
Published: February 2025

Bivalve microbiomes play a vital role in host health, supporting nutrient processing, immunity, and disease resistance. However, increasing hypoxia in Chilean coastal waters, driven by climate change and eutrophication, threatens to disrupt this microbial balance, potentially promoting pathogens and impairing essential functions. Mytilus chilensis, a key species in the region, is vulnerable to hypoxia-reoxygenation cycles, yet the effects on its microbiome remain poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of hypoxia on the structure and functional potential of the microbial communities residing in the gills and digestive glands of M. chilensis. Employing full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we explored hypoxia's effects on microbial diversity and functional capacity. Our results revealed significant alterations in the microbial composition, with a shift towards facultative anaerobes thriving in low-oxygen environments. Notably, there was a decrease in dominant bacterial taxa like Rhodobacterales, while opportunistic pathogens such as Vibrio and Aeromonas exhibited increased abundance. Functional analysis indicated a decline in critical microbial functions associated with nutrient metabolism and immune support, potentially jeopardizing the health and survival of the host. This study sheds light on the intricate interactions between host-associated microbiota and environmental stressors, underlining the importance of managing the microbiome in the face of climate change and aquaculture practices.
Recent Advances in the Clinical Management of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Cattle
Authors: Christodoulopoulos Georgios
Published: February 2025

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) is a major metabolic disorder in high-producing dairy and beef cattle, caused by prolonged ruminal pH depression due to excessive fermentation of rapidly degradable carbohydrates and insufficient fiber intake, leading to disrupted rumen function, reduced feed efficiency, and negative impacts on animal health and productivity. This review examines current strategies for diagnosing and managing SARA, emphasizing recent diagnostic advancements such as computerized rumen mucosa colorimetry. It highlights key aspects of Total Mixed Ration (TMR) formulation, stressing the importance of maintaining an appropriate roughage-to-concentrate ratio and ensuring sufficient potentially fermentable Neutral Detergent Fiber (peNDF) to support rumen motility and microbial balance, while also discussing mathematical approaches for optimizing ration formulation. Additionally, it explores advancements in clinical diagnosis, including emerging biomarkers, rumen pH monitoring techniques, and the potential of rumen mucosa colorimetry for herd-level SARA assessment. By integrating recent research findings with practical recommendations, this review serves as a resource for veterinarians, nutritionists, and producers aiming to enhance rumen function, optimize productivity, and improve herd health in cattle prone to SARA.
Theoretical Models and Simulations of Gene Delivery with Polyurethane. The Importance of Polyurethane as a Vector in Personalized Therapy
Authors: Jeleriu Roxana Maria , Hajaj Roxana- Karin , Trăilă Iuliana- Anamaria , Zaharie Mihaela , Puiu Maria
Published: February 2025

Advancements in personalized medicine have revolutionized drug delivery, enabling tailored treatments based on genetic and molecular profiles. Non-viral vectors, such as polyurethane (PU)-based systems, offer promising alternatives for gene therapy. This study develops mathematical models to analyze PU degradation, DNA/RNA release kinetics, and cellular interactions, optimizing their application in personalized therapy. This theoretical study utilized mathematical modeling and numerical simulations to analyze PU-based gene delivery, focusing on diffusion, degradation, and cellular uptake. Implemented in Python 3.9, it employed differential equation solvers and adsorption/internalization models to predict vector behavior and optimize delivery efficiency. This study demonstrated that PU degrades in biological environments following first-order kinetics, ensuring a controlled and predictable release of genetic material. The Higuchi diffusion model confirmed a gradual, sustained DNA/RNA release, essential for efficient gene delivery. Simulations of PU adsorption onto cellular membranes using the Langmuir model showed saturation-dependent binding, while the endocytosis model revealed a balance between uptake and degradation. These findings highlight PU’s potential as a versatile gene delivery vector, offering controlled biodegradability, optimized release profiles, and effective cellular interaction. Our results confirm that PU-based vectors enable controlled biodegradability, sustained DNA/RNA release, and efficient cellular uptake. Mathematical modeling provides a framework for improving PU’s properties, enhancing transport efficiency and therapeutic potential in personalized medicine and gene therapy applications.
Radiation and Combustion Effects of Hydrogen-Enrichment on Biomethane Flames
Authors: Lima Uchoa Filho Francisco Elmo , Marques Sampaio Helton Carlos , de Freitas Moura Júnior Claudecir Fernandes , de Oliveira Mona Lisa Moura , Van Griensven Thé Jesse , Rocha Paulo Alexandre Costa , Bueno André Valente
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen has been presented as a promising energy vector in decarbonized economies. Its singular properties can affect important aspects of industrial flames, such as the temperature, emissions, and radiative/convective energy transfer balance, thus requiring in-depth studies to optimize combustion processes using this fuel isolate or in combination with other renewable alternatives. This work aims to conduct a detailed numerical analysis of temperatures and gas emissions in the combustion of biomethane enriched with different proportions of hydrogen, with the intent to contribute to the understanding of the impacts of this natural gas surrogate on practical combustion applications. RANS k-ω and k-ϵ turbulence models were combined with the GRI Mech 3.0, San Diego, and USC mechanisms using the ANSYS-Fluent software to evaluate its performance regarding flame prediction. The results highlight the importance of carefully selecting turbulence and chemical kinetics models, indicating a reduction in flame radiation due to hydrogen enrichment that can affect practical combustion systems such as those in glass and other ceramics industries.
Gelsolin Facilitates Estrogen Receptor Beta Nuclear Translocation and Transcriptional Repression of Genes Associated with Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Yildiz Yoldas , Fan Angela H.S. , Hartoun Amanda A. , Flury Sarah , Ngai Yan , Pak Toni R.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Gelsolin (GSN) is an actin-binding protein that helps maintain neuronal structure and shape, regulates neuronal growth, and apoptosis. Our previous work demonstrated that GSN associated with estrogen receptor beta (ERb1) in the brains of female rats, but this association was lost in advanced age. GSN was also required for ERb1-mediated transcriptional repression at activator protein-1 (AP-1) motifs upstream of a minimal gene promoter. However, the consequences of the loss of GSN:ERb1 protein interaction on ERb1 nuclear translocation and transcriptional repression at AP-1 sites located within complex endogenous gene promoters remained unclear. Methods: We used immunofluorescent super resolution microscopy and luciferase reporter assays to test the hypothesis that GSN facilitates ERb1 nuclear translocation and transcriptional repression of two genes relevant for Alzheimer Disease: APP (amyloid-beta precursor protein) and ITPKB (inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B). Results: Our results revealed the novel finding that GSN is required for ERb1 ligand–independent nuclear translocation in neuronal cells. Moreover, we show that GSN increased APP and ITPKB promoter activity, which was repressed by ERb1. Conclusions: Together, these data revealed the importance of the cytoskeletal protein, GSN, in regulating intracellular trafficking of nuclear receptors and demonstrate the first evidence of ERb1 directly regulating two genes that are implicated in the progression of AD.
Associations Between Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference and Corneal Morphology, Anterior Chamber Parameters, the Corneal Endothelium, and Intraocular Pressure in Childhood
Authors: Uzun İrfan , Colak Enes , Atlıhan Zeliha , Mutaf Çağrı , Reyhan Ali Hakim , Yüksekyayla Funda
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Childhood obesity is a significant health concern also capable of impacting ocular health. This study evaluates the effects of childhood obesity on corneal morphology, anterior chamber parameters, intraocular pressure (IOP), and corneal endothelial cell morphology. Understanding these relationships may contribute to early diagnosis and management strategies. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Harran University Faculty of Medicine between January and December, 2024. Ninety children aged 7-17 years were included, only the right eyes being analyzed. The participants were categorized into three groups based on body mass index (BMI) percentiles: normal weight (≤85th percentile), overweight (86th-94th percentiles), and obese (≥95th percentile). All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, including IOP measurement with a non-contact tonometer, corneal topography assessment using a Scheimpflug camera, and endothelial cell morphology evaluation via specular microscopy. Results: IOP was significantly higher in the overweight and obese groups (p<0.001). Central corneal thickness (CCT) also increased significantly in these groups (p<0.05). Positive correlations were determined between BMI and IOP (r=0.493, p<0.001) and CCT (r=0.345, p<0.001). Additionally, waist circumference exhibited a strong correlation with BMI (r=0.905, p<0.001) and a significant association with IOP (r=0.463, p<0.001). No significant differences were observed among the groups in terms of other anterior chamber or endothelial parameters. Conclusions: Childhood obesity is associated with increased IOP and CCT, suggesting potential alterations in corneal biomechanics and ocular physiology. These findings highlight the importance of routine ophthalmological evaluation in obese children to detect early ocular changes and prevent long-term complications.
Clinical Outcomes and Prognosis Analyses of Late-line Elderly Patients with Advanced Bladder Cancer and Hematuria receiving Radiotherapy
Authors: Xu Judi , Huang Ying , Ni Yufeng , Huang Yan , Huang Qian , Liang Hongxiang , Ni Yufeng , Xie Haijing , Yue Zhuangzhuang , Yang Zhiyong , Liu Hedai
Published: February 2025

With the intensification of population aging, the number of elderly cancer patients has increased dramatically in recent years. However, the treatment of aged cancer patients, particularly those who are not eligible for surgery, is still a challenge. Thus, in this study, we retrospectively summarized and analyzed the clinical effects of radiotherapy in 43 late-line patients with advanced bladder cancer, with an average age of 77.3 ± 5.1 years. All patients were pathologically diagnosed with transitional epithelial carcinoma of the bladder, persistent bleeding, no condition for surgery, and were not suitable for chemotherapy. After thorough communication, all patients were treated with radiotherapy. As a result, the degree of bleeding gradually decreased after 5 rounds of 10Gy radiotherapy. After 15 rounds of 30Gy radiotherapy, the gross hematuria disappeared, and the success rate of radiotherapy in preventing bleeding reached 100%. At the end of follow-up, 24 patients passed away, and 19 patients were alive. The median survival time (OS) was 14 months. Statistical analysis revealed that the survival time of patients significantly differed between radical and palliative radiotherapy. The survival time of patients with advanced cancer is usually less than 3 months in the clinic, whereas the OS of patients (14 months) in this study far exceeded that reported previously. Therefore, radiotherapy can not only stop bleeding and relieve symptoms but also prolong patient survival time, offering an option for elderly patients with advanced bladder cancer to control tumor progression and improve quality of life.
Drought Resilience of Gossypium spp.: PEG-6000 Induced Responses at Germination and Seedling Stages
Authors: Çelik Sadettin , Zülkadir Gülay , Beycioğlu Tahsin
Published: February 2025

This laboratory experiment was conducted in the Forestry Department of Bingöl University, Vocational School of Youth, in 2023. It aimed to investigate the responses of cotton genotypes to drought stress by creating osmotic pressure stresses of 0 MPa (control), -4 MPa, -6 MPa, -8 MPa, and -10 MPa using PEG 6000 chemical on the advanced lines SC32 and SC38, as well as the varieties Aşkabat 71 and May 505. Various parameters such as Root length (RL), Root Fresh Weight (RFW), Root Dry Weight (RDW), Shoot Length (SL), Shoot Fresh Weight (SFW), Shoot Dry Weight (SDW), Relative Water Content (RWC), Germination percent (GP), Vigor Seed Index (VSI), and Number of Lateral roots (NLRs) were measured. It was observed that as the severity of drought increased, the root system expanded in parallel. However, the plant’s tolerance decreased with increasing drought severity. The genotypes SC32 and SC38, which were obtained from the breeding program for developing drought-tolerant varieties, exhibited high averages in almost all drought measurement parameters, demonstrating a high level of heterosis. As a conclusion, continuing the breeding program with these genotypes was found tolerant to contribute to the success of breeding. May 505 variety showed high tolerance to drought in terms of Relative Water Content (RWC), and it also exhibited promising results in other parameters compared to G. barbadense variety Aşkabat 71 and segregating population genotypes. May 505 variety showed a high germination rate and rapid germination, suggesting its potential use as a parent in both drought and early variety breeding programs.
Tri-Phenyl-Phosphonium-Based Nano Vesicles: a New In Vitro Nanomolar-Active Weapon to Eradicate PLX-Resistant Melanoma Cells
Authors: Alfei Silvana , Torazza Carola , Bacchetti Francesca , Signorello Mariagrazia , Passalacqua Mario , Domenicotti Cinzia , Marengo Barbara
Published: February 2025

Cutaneous metastatic melanoma (CMM) is the most aggressive form of skin cancer with poor prognosis, chemotherapy-induced secondary tumorigenesis and emergency of drug resistance. Triphenyl phosphonium (TPP)-based nanovesicles (BPPB), having amphiphilic properties, recently demonstrated potent ROS-dependent anticancer effects against PLX-sensitive MeOV BRAFV600E and MeTRAV BRAFV600D mutants cell lines, evidencing a more marked sensitiveness of MeOV cells. Here, BPPB was tested on in vitro selected vemurafenib (PLX)-resistant MeOV BRAFV600E and MeTRAV BRAFV600D mutants cell lines and we found strong antiproliferative effects, regardless of their acquired resistance to PLX, that correlated with ROS overproduction only for 24-hours treatments. MeTRAV PLX-R demonstrated a remarkable higher tolerance than MeOV PLX-R to BPPB, after 24 hours, while exposure for longer periods induced similar responses in both cell lines (IC50 = 87.8-106.5 nM on MeOV and 81.0-140.6 nM on MeTRAV). Noteworthy, the cytotoxicity of BPPB to non-tumorigenic human keratinocytes (HaCaT) was low, allowing for selectivity index values (SIs) up to 11.58; instead, the BPPB concentration causing 50% hemolysis (HC50) was found 16-173 and 4-192-fold higher than the IC50 calculated for MeOV and MeTRAV PLX-R cells, respectively. By due correlations studies, it was established that BPPB exerted cytotoxic effect on MeOV and MeTRAV PLX-R cells by a time-dependent mechanism, while a concentration-dependent mechanism is observed only at 24 hour-exposure. Finally, a ROS-dependent mechanism can be assumed only in MeTRAV at 72 hour-exposure.
Agronomic Traits, Nutrients Accumulation, and Their Correlations in Wheat as Affected by Nitrogen Supply in Rainfed Coastal Saline Soils
Authors: Li Yan , Zhao Shuaipeng , Liu Guolan , Li Jian , Siddique Kadambot H.M. , Zhao Deyong
Published: February 2025

How nitrogen (N) levels affect agronomic performance and nutrient utlization process in wheat grown in rainfed coastal saline soils remains largely unknown. This study investigated the influence of three N supply treatments (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha) on the growth and accumulation of P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Fe, and Se of eight wheat genotypes across two consecutive seasons (2020-2021, 2021-2022) in a rainfed coastal field. Both agronomic performance and nutrient accumulation were significantly affected by N supply and genotypic effect. The increased total accumulation of nutrients were mainly due to enhanced agronomic performance by N supply. Grain Zn and Fe concentrations increased while grain Se concentration decreased with N supply increasing. Genotype “Jimai 775” exhibited both a higher grain yield and a higher nitrogen agronomic efficiency among tested genotypes. The association among agronomic traits and nutrients accumulation was obviously modified by N supply as revealed by principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression models. These findings suggest both N supply level and genotypic difference should be taken into consideration to enhance nutrient utilization in wheat cultivated in coastal saline soils.
Nystagmus and Vertigo During Aural Toilet Using Microsuction
Authors: Kim Chang-Hee , Jang Minho , Kim Taehee , Kim JiAh , Hong ChanEui , Lee Dong-Han , Shin Jung Eun
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Aural toilet using microsuction is a common procedure in ENT clinics, and vertigo is a frequent complaint during this procedure. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and incidence of microsuction-induced nystagmus and vertigo based on the appearance of the tympanic membrane (TM). Methods: In 85 patients with various TM appearances, microsuction-induced vertigo and nystagmus were assessed. Results: Microsuction elicited nystagmus in 95% (81 of 85) of patients and vertigo in 36% (31 of 85). The nystagmus direction was towards the ipsilateral ear in a bowing position and towards the contralateral ear in a leaning position. The proportion of patients who complained of rotatory vertigo was significantly higher in those with TM perforation, open cavity mastoidectomy, and adhesive otitis media (74%, 26 of 35) compared to those without TM perforation group (10%, 5 of 50) (P < 0.001, X2 test). Conclusions: Aural toilet using microsuction commonly induces due to convection in the lateral semicircular canal endolymph caused by the cooling effect. While microsuction-induced nystagmus was observed in most patients, the incidence of vertigo varied depending on the TM condition. Clinicians should closely monitor patients for vertigo during the procedure, and methods to prevent microsuction-induced vertigo should be explored.
Yield and Quality of Maize Grain Depending on Soil Fertilization Technology and the Foliar Application of Silicon
Authors: Artyszak Arkadiusz , Gozdowski Dariusz , Jonczak Jerzy , Pągowski Krzysztof , Popielec Rafał , Ahmad Zahoor
Published: February 2025

Climate change is forcing the search for innovative solutions to effectively reduce its harmful effects on food production. In addition, increasingly stringent regulations are being introduced in the European Union (The European Green Deal), mandating reductions in mineral fertiliser doses, which can reduce crop yields. One innovative technology could be the soil fertilisation and dolsit application of silicon (Si). In 2023–2024, in commercial crop conditions in Kraski (52°2’42” N, 18°54’6” E), in Central Poland the effect of differentiated soil fertilization and the foliar application of silicon products on the yield and quality of maize grain at two levels of nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium (NPK) fertilization (100% and 50%) was studied. The soil fertilizer SiGS® (Si – 200 g kg-1, Ca – 181 g kg-1, Mg – 46 g kg-1, Mn – 45 g kg-1) was applied to the soil at doses of 100, 300, and 500 kg ha–1, alone or with Barrier Si-Ca® (Si – 336 g dm-3; Ca – 207 g dm-3) foliar fertilizer (1 dm3 ha–1). The number of combinations assessed is 16. The effects were compared against a control treatment. The experiment evaluated plant physiological parameters, grain and dry matter yield, grain moisture content and quality (protein, fat and starch content) and grain yield components. The highest grain yields were obtained with soil fertilization at a dose of 500 kg ha–1 (giving an increase of 17.5%), at a dose of 300 kg ha–1 plus foliar application (+16.4%), and at a dose of 500 kg ha–1 plus foliar application (+17.8%). The increase in grain yield in treatments with a half-rate of NPK was of a similar magnitude (on average, +11.9%) to the full rate (+12.6%) compared to the control treatments. Doubling the NPK rate contributed to an increase in grain yield of 7.8%. The applied silicon fertilization treatments had a significant effect on the protein, fat, and starch contents of the grain, and, in most treatments, increased the protein and fat contents and reduced the content of starch.
Optimizing Credit Risk Prediction for Peer-to-Peer Lending Using Machine Learning
Authors: Souadda Lyne Imene , Halitim Ahmed Rami , Benilles Billel , Oliveira José Manuel , Ramos Patrícia
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effectiveness of different hyperparameter tuning strategies for peer-to-peer risk management. Ensemble learning techniques have shown superior performance in this field compared to individual classifiers and traditional statistical methods. However, model performance is influenced not only by the choice of algorithm but also by hyperparameter tuning, which impacts both predictive accuracy and computational efficiency. This research compares the performance and efficiency of three widely used hyperparameter tuning methods, Grid Search, Random Search, and Optuna, across XGBoost, LightGBM, and Logistic Regression models. The analysis uses the Lending Club dataset, spanning from 2007 Q1 to 2020 Q3, with comprehensive data preprocessing to address missing values, class imbalance, and feature engineering. Model explainability is assessed through feature importance analysis to identify key drivers of default probability. The findings reveal comparable predictive performance among the tuning methods, evaluated using metrics such as G-mean, sensitivity, and specificity. However, Optuna significantly outperforms the others in computational efficiency; for instance, it is 10.7 times faster than Grid Search for XGBoost and 40.5 times faster for LightGBM. Additionally, variations in feature importance rankings across tuning methods influence model interpretability and the prioritization of risk factors. These insights underscore the importance of selecting appropriate hyperparameter tuning strategies to optimize both performance and explainability in peer-to-peer risk management models.
Hypergraph Analysis of Functional Brain Connectivity During Figurative Attention
Authors: Pisarchik Alexander N. , Peña Serrano Natalia , Escalante Puente de la Vega Walter , Jaimes-Reátegui Rider
Published: February 2025

Hypergraph analysis extends traditional graph theory by enabling the study of complex, many-to-many relationships in networks, offering powerful tools for understanding brain connectivity. This case study introduces a novel methodology for constructing both graphs and hypergraphs of functional brain connectivity during figurative attention tasks, where subjects interpret the ambiguous Necker cube illusion. Using a frequency-tagging approach, we simultaneously modulated two cube faces at distinct frequencies while recording electroencephalography (EEG) responses. Brain connectivity networks were constructed using multiple measures - coherence, cross-correlation, and mutual information - providing complementary insights into functional relationships between regions. Our hypergraph analysis revealed distinct connectivity patterns associated with attending to different cube orientations, including previously unobserved higher-order relationships between brain regions. The results demonstrate bilateral cortico-cortical interactions and suggest integrated processing hubs that may coordinate visual attention networks. This methodological framework not only advances our understanding of the neural basis of visual attention but also offers potential applications in attention monitoring and clinical assessment of attention disorders. While based on a single subject, this proof-of-concept study establishes a foundation for larger-scale investigations of brain network dynamics during ambiguous visual processing.
Psychological Biases in Investment Decisions: A Behavioral Finance Approach
Authors: Mehraj Khalid , Kumar Vinay
Published: February 2025

This study examines the influence of psychological biases on investment decision-making through the lens of behavioral finance, challenging the traditional assumption of investor rationality. By integrating psychological insights with economic principles, the research investigates how cognitive biases such as loss aversion, overconfidence, and herd behavior along with emotional factors, distort rational financial choices, leading to market inefficiencies and suboptimal outcomes. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study combines qualitative insights from interviews with financial experts and quantitative data from a survey of 398 retail investors in Jammu and Kashmir. The findings reveal the significant role these biases play in shaping risk perceptions, portfolio management, and market volatility. Furthermore, the research proposes practical strategies, including structured decision-making frameworks, professional guidance, and emerging technologies like AI, to mitigate the adverse effects of irrational behavior. By highlighting the interplay between human psychology and financial decision-making, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of investor behavior and offers actionable insights for improving investment performance in dynamic market environments.
Analysis of Hand Controls on a Backhoe Loader Simulator
Authors: García Carbajal Santiago , Múgica José Luis , Morán Martín Bosque
Published: February 2025

Excavator operation efficiency is critical for training and performance assessment in the construction industry. In this study, we developed a backhoe simulator to evaluate operator performance through digitalized and serialized control signals. The simulator captures the state sequences of joysticks and pedals, representing the positions and actions of the machine’s controls. Using this data, graphs are constructed to depict control positions and state transitions. Operators are tasked with predefined exercises, and key metrics are calculated, including total machine effort (measured by fuel consumption), cumulative angular displacement of moving parts, and time taken to complete each exercise. The simulator enables direct comparisons between trainee and expert operators, providing insight into efficiency and skill development. Our system offers a valuable tool for studying excavator dynamics and enhancing operator training programs, bridging the gap between real-world scenarios and controlled learning environments.
Detection of Financial Health Deterioration Using a Naive Bayes Classifier and Bayesian Measures of Surprise
Authors: Sheu Guang Yih , Lin Huei Yong
Published: February 2025

Financial health deterioration may imply financial distress and fraud. Nevertheless, it is computationally intensive to signal financial health deterioration earlier since new financial data are periodically available, and these data may outdate an old detection of financial health deterioration. This study integrates a Naive Bayes classifier with the Bayesian measure of surprise to detect financial health deterioration. This Bayesian measure of surprise denotes the anomaly measure, whereas the Naive Bayes classifier classifies past financial ratio data to create a classification model. Defining the Bayesian measure of surprise employs the relative posterior predictive surprise. For seamless integration with the Naive Bayes classifier’s workflows and pipelines, computing the Bayesian measure of surprise is a post-processing step in implementing the Naive Bayes classifier. Our detection targets are those cases subjected to relative posterior predictive surprises below 0.01. Experiments on actual financial data show that the Bayesian measure of surprise complements a Naive Bayes classifier in detecting assumed anomalies without labeling past normal or anomalous data and calibrating many parameters. However, the Bayesian measure of surprise helps signal assumed anomalies earlier than the p-value does. In conclusion, a Naive Bayes classifier and the Bayesian measure of surprise can be better tools for anomaly detection.
Phytochemical Profiling and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Loropetalum Chinense Var. Rubrum Leaf Crude Extracts Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Thota Karan Chandra , Kandel Shila , Abdulkadir Abubakar , Beals Mary , D'Auvergne Oswald , Rosby Raphyel , Hossain Ekhtear
Published: February 2025

The increasing prevalence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria presents a significant challenge to traditional antibiotic therapies, emphasizing the urgent need to explore alternative antimicrobial sources. Bioactive secondary metabolites derived from plants have long been recognized for their therapeutic potential in traditional medicine and serve as vital raw materials for modern pharmaceuticals. This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, a species traditionally used in Chinese folk medicine. Qualitative phytochemical analyses of crude leaf extracts revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, including carbohydrates, glycosides, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was assessed using disc diffusion assays, demonstrating significant growth inhibition against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Escherichia coli. Inhibition was concentration-dependent, with activity observed at extract concentrations ranging from 62.5 µg/disc to 500 µg/disc. This study underscores the promising antimicrobial potential of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, highlighting its potential as a valuable source for developing new antimicrobial agents to combat resistant infections.