bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Significance and Measures for Effectively Aligning the Consolidation of the Achievements in Poverty Alleviation with Rural Revitalization—a case study of Halu Village in Lüchun County, Yunnan Province
Authors: Liu Xuhua , Jin Qiu , Lei Qiong
Published: October 2023

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council have assessed the situation and made sound decisions to further consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and to successively promote the development of poverty-alleviated areas and comprehensive rural revitalization. In order to ensure that the “relay baton” of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization is handed over successfully, the No. 1 Central Document has clearly proposed to set up a 5-year transition period from the date of poverty alleviation, maintain the overall structure of the existing major supportive policies, give poverty-alleviated counties a leg up to get them going. The government will continue to consolidate poverty alleviation’s achievements, promote comprehensive rural vitalization, strengthen assistance for low-income rural residents on a regular basis, and gradually realize a smooth transition from concentrated support for poverty alleviation to the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization. [1]The purpose of effectively aligning the consolidation of the achievements of poverty alleviation with rural revitalization is to help rural areas to secure the achievements of poverty alleviation, prevent the reoccurrence of poverty for those who had been lifted out and diminish the effectiveness of poverty alleviation, and further transfer the battle of poverty alleviation to the battlefield of rural revitalization and achieve a good alignment.
Cooperation: A Systematic Review of how to Enable Agent to Circumvent the Prisoner’s Dilemma
Authors: Pan Jiateng , Yoshikawa Atsushi , Yamamura Masayuki
Published: October 2023

It is widely accepted that rational individuals are unable to create cooperation in a prisoner’s dilemma. However, in everyday life, cooperation, for example, during a fishing moratorium, can be observed frequently. Additionally, the appearance of cooperation in the prisoner’s dilemma can be seen in numerous simulation studies.

This paper reviews 31 simulation studies published between January 2017 and January 2023 in which agents can be observed in the results to improve cooperation in a prisoner’s dilemma.

The proposed methodologies were sorted into seven categories, including Bounded Rationality, Memory, Adaptive Strategy, Mood Model, Intrinsic Reward, Network Dynamics, and Altruistic Attribute. Based on their impacts, the effectiveness of these seven approaches was classified into three categories: generating cooperation, maintaining cooperation, and spreading cooperation.

This review is expected to be helpful for scholars conducting future research on multi-agent cooperation and irrational agent modeling.
Applications and Responses to RCEP Rules on Geographical Indications Protection in China
Authors: Liao Ruolin
Published: October 2023

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) uses the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules as parent rules. Yet proble ms exist in the interpretation and application of intellectual property terms, which can easily cause controversy. The protection rules of the geographical indications (GI) are used as a magic weapon to promote Chinese high-quality agriculturalproducts to the world. But due to the left and right swaying of the legislators, they are chaotic and thus need to be improved urgently. In this case, China’s GI protection should focus on disputed solutions, balancing legislators’ initiatives and autonomy generated by geographical indication, and solving the historical problems of many departments overlapping management.
Supply chain integration, circulation industry development and unified large market---From the perspective of Internet popularization
Authors: Meng Xiangyi
Published: October 2023

The construction of a unified big market is the inevitable requirement of China’s continuous deepening of reform, which plays an important role in eliminating the urban-rural gap and promoting the domestic and international double cycle. The key to building a large, unified national market is to promote high-standard connectivity of market facilities, continue to deepen and popularize through the Internet, combine supply chain integration with the development of the circulation industry, reduce institutional transaction costs and explicit costs such as raw materials, labor and logistics, break local protection, curb market segmentation, and update infrastructure. In this way, market transaction costs can be reduced, scale advantages can be leveraged and resource allocation can be optimized.
Bedürfnisorientierung: Theoretische Ansätze und
Empfehlungen für die Praxis
Authors: Edmaier Heike
Published: October 2023

In der Bekleidungsbranche gibt es Labels, welche den Ansatz „One Size fits
all” verfolgen. Dieser setzt eine standardisierte Körperfigur
voraus, die es in der Realität so gar nicht gibt. So vielfältig wie
die Körperformen und -größen von Personen, so einzigartig
sind auch die Bedürfnisse, Herausforderungen und Wünsche von Frauen,
Eltern und Familien. Auch deren Versorgungsbedürfnisse im häuslichen
Wochenbett sind sehr unterschiedlich. Es ist daher unerlässlich, die
Hebammentätigkeit an die individuellen Bedürfnisse der Familien
anzupassen, anstatt sie auf eine „Standardgröße” zu
reduzieren.
Klassifikation Dickdarmpolypen
Authors: Gottschalk Uwe , Maeting Silvia , Radke Cornelia
Published: October 2023

Die Diagnostik der Kolonpolypen basierte in früheren Jahren auf der radiologischen Darstellung mittels Doppelkontrastmethode. Im Jahr 1968 konnten die flexible Sigmoidoskopie und 1969 die Koloskopie eingeführt werden. Der Durchbruch in der Diagnostik und Therapie gelang 1971 mit der Etablierung der vollständigen endoskopischen Koloskopie und der endoskopischen Polypektomie im rechten Kolon. Ab dieser Zeit war die histologische Aufarbeitung und damit die Prognosebeurteilung möglich. Bleibende wissenschaftliche Verdienste auf diesem Gebiet haben sich die Ärzte Peter Deyhle, Rudolf Ottenjann, Meinhard Classen und Ludwig Demling erworben 1. Kolorektale Adenome sind Vorstufen kolorektaler Karzinome und werden entsprechend der WHO-Klassifikation nach ihrer Morphologie und dem Schweregrad der zellulären Atypien eingeteilt. Dabei wird das morphologische Bild durch den Weg der Karzinogenese (Tumorentstehung) geprägt. In die Klassifikation geht somit die molekulare Basis der Tumorentstehung ein.
Subsegmental Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Baumgartner Christine , Tritschler Tobias , Aujesky Drahomir
Published: October 2023

Subsegmental pulmonary embolism (SSPE) is increasingly diagnosed with the growing use and technological advancements of multidetector computed tomography pulmonary angiography. Its diagnosis is challenging, and some presumed SSPE may actually represent imaging artifacts. Indirect evidence and results from small observational studies suggest that SSPE may be more benign than more proximal pulmonary embolism, and may thus not always require treatment. Therefore, guidelines suggest to consider a management strategy without anticoagulation in selected patients with SSPE at low risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), in whom proximal deep vein thrombosis is excluded. Recently, a large prospective study among low-risk patients with SSPE who were left untreated showed a higher VTE recurrence risk than initially deemed acceptable by the investigators, and thus was prematurely interrupted after recruitment of 97% of the target population. However, the risk–benefit ratio of anticoagulation for low-risk patients with SSPE remains unclear, and results from randomized trials are needed to answer the question about their optimal management.
Musculoskeletal Injuries in Table Tennis during Competition: A
Systematic Review
Authors: Ko Sang-Hun , Cha Jae-Ryong , Lee Chae-Chil , Kim Min-Seok , Park Ki-Bong
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to investigate the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries among
table tennis players and identify their associated risk factors. We conducted a
literature search in online databases using relevant search terms related to
“table tennis” and “injury”. To compare the rate
of injuries according to player-related variables, we extracted information on
sex, level of games, circumstances of injury, and duration of sport absence
after injury. Furthermore, we calculated the odds ratios based on the number of
injuries according to variables. Eight articles included 873 professional table
tennis players, revealing an overall musculoskeletal injury rate of 3.6%
(31 musculoskeletal injuries). The incidence was 10.0 injuries per 1,000 playing
hours (range, 0–27.0). The rate of musculoskeletal injuries for female
and male players were 3.2% and 3.8%, respectively, and those for
Summer Olympic Games, Asian Games, and domestic national games was 4.8%,
15.4%, and 0%, respectively. More than half (52%) of
injuries occurred during training, and most injuries (64%) were of a
nature that did not cause time loss. This review provides valuable information
about the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in table tennis competitions.
However, owing to the limitations of this study in identifying injury-related
risk factors, future studies analyzing comprehensive variables are required.
FIFA Initiatives Improved Survival After Loss of Consciousness During
Football Games
Authors: Katsigiannis Sotirios , Maai Nader , Patsalis Polykarpos , Groppa Sergiu , Gousias Konstantinos , Pintea Bogdan
Published: October 2023

Loss of consciousness (LOC) during football games is associated with very high
mortality rates. In order to address football medical emergencies, in 2013 FIFA
implemented the “FIFA 11 steps to prevent sudden cardiac death” program and
distributed the FIFA Medical Emergency Bag. The purpose of this work was to
identify independent survival factors after LOC on the pitch and to investigate
the effectiveness of the FIFA initiatives. An internet search was performed to
identify football players suffering LOC on the pitch between 1990 and 2021. A
total of 268 cases could be identified and were dichotomized according to the
implementation date of the FIFA medical emergency bag. There was 55% mortality
after LOC, while cardiogenic LOC was more often (82% vs. 20%) fatal than
traumatic LOC. Mortality in developing countries was higher than in developed
countries. From the year 2013 survival improved significantly for both traumatic
and cardiogenic cases. The location of the LOC significantly influenced survival
(OR: 0.20 and p<0.001). LOC on the football field is associated with
increased mortality and requires separate monitoring based on a traumatic vs.
non-traumatic cause. FIFA initiatives significantly reduced mortality after LOC
but significant differences were identified between developed and developing
countries.
Clinicopathological Features of Buccal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Focus on Patients Who Never Smoke and Never Drink
Authors: Iida Yoshiyuki , Okada Shinichi , Irifune Yuki , Goto Seiya , Ishida Kotaro , Sato Fuyuki , Yurikusa Takashi , Asakura Koiku , Tsuzuki Ayaka , Mukaigawa Takashi
Published: October 2023

Introduction Oral carcinoma has been reported at a substantial proportion in patients who never smoke and never drink. However, the proportion may vary by subsite and ethnicity.

Objective We aimed to determine the clinicopathological features of buccal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a Japanese population.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients diagnosed with buccal SCC at our institution from September 2002 to November 2015. We reviewed the gender, age, tumor status, treatment, smoking, alcohol drinking, multiple primary cancers, and prognosis of the patients. The overall and cause-specific survival rates were calculated, and the effects of clinicopathological variables were assessed by univariate analysis. Furthermore, the cause of death was evaluated.

Results Among the 63 patients (men: 38; women: 25) included in the present study, 29 (46.0%) never smoked or drank. Women were almost 5 years older than men (p = 0.014). The number of women in the group who never smoked or drank was disproportionately higher than that of those in the smoker or drinker groups (p < 0.001). In total, 29 patients (46.0%) had 59 multiple primary cancers, including 26 oral cancers. Surgeries and radiotherapy were performed in 57 (90.5%) and 6 (9.5%) cases, respectively. The 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were 74.6 and 78.8%, respectively.

Conclusion Our study confirms that buccal SCC may develop in older adult Japanese patients, especially in women who have never smoked or drank. These patients could be at risk for second primary malignancy.
Correlation of Tinnitus Severity Index and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory with Hematological Parameters in Patients with Subjective Tinnitus
Authors: Yazici Demet , Cihan Mehmet Celalettin
Published: October 2023

Introduction Tinnitus etiopathogenesis is still unclear and treatment options are controversial despite current advances in medicine.

Objectives To analyze the correlation between patients' symptom scores, systemic inflammation, and trombosis biomarkers.

Methods In this prospective study, we evaluated the degree of complaints of subjective tinnitus patients with the tinnitus severity index (TSI) and tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), and correlated these symptom scores with hematological parameters such as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean thrombocyte volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW).

Results A total of 44 patients with subjective tinnitus, 25 (56.8%) men and 19 (43.2%) women, were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 42.3 ± 14.8 years. When the correlation between TSI and NLR, PLR, PDW, and MPV values of the patients were analyzed, no statistically significant correlation was found between TSI, NLR, and PLR (p > 0.05). However, there was a statistically weak positive correlation between TSI, MPV, and PDW.(p < 0.05). When the correlation between THI and NLR, PLR, PDW, and MPV values of the patients were analyzed, no statistically significant correlation was found between THI, NLR, and PLR (p > 0.05). There was a statistically weak positive correlation between THI, MPV, and PDW (p < 0.05).

Conclusion We were unable to detect any relationship between systemic inflammation markers (NLR and PLR) and symptom scores, but a weakly positive correlation was observed between thrombosis markers (MPV and PDW) and symptom scores, and as the subclinical thrombosis markers elevated, so did the symptom scores.
Capsule Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pal Partha , Banerjee Rupa , Gupta Rajesh , Reddy Palle Manohar , Reddy D Nageshwar , Tandan Manu
Published: October 2023

The role of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has evolved from small bowel to a panenteric evaluation tool over the past two decades. We systematically reviewed the techniques, applications, outcomes, and complications of VCE in IBD. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Medline. All relevant original articles involving VCE in IBD were included from 2003 to July 2022. After screening 3,089 citations, finally 201 references were included. The diagnostic yield of VCE in suspected Crohn's disease (CD) was highly variable (6–80%) with excellent sensitivity (77–93%) and specificity (80–89%). The diagnostic yield in known CD was 52 to 88.3% leading to a change in management (26–75%) and disease reclassification with variable retention rates. VCE was superior to small bowel series, computed tomography (CT) and could be better than magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), especially for proximal and superficial lesions. Colon or panenteric VCE has strong correlation to ileo-colonoscopy (IC) and combined magnetic resonance imaging and IC, respectively. The VCE retention rate in CD is higher in known CD which significantly decreases after the negative patency capsule test or CT/MRE. VCE can identify lesions beyond the reach of IC in postoperative CD. Colon Capsule Endoscopy is a noninvasive monitoring tool in ulcerative colitis (UC) having a strong correlation with IC and may uncover small bowel involvement. VCE is specifically useful in IBD-unclassified (IBD-U) which can lead to the diagnosis of CD in 16.7 to 61.5%. Various scoring systems have been established and validated for small bowel CD (Lewis score and capsule endoscopy CD activity index—CECDAI), UC (capsule scoring of UC: Capsule Scoring of Ulcerative Colitis), panenteric evaluation (Capsule Endoscopy Crohn's Disease Activity Index, Elaikim score), and flare prediction (APEX score). Technological advances include double head, three-dimensional reconstruction, sampling system, panoramic view (344 and 360 degree lateral), and panenteric capsule. Artificial intelligence and software like TOP100 and Quickview can help reduce capsule reading time with excellent sensitivity and specificity. VCE in IBD has widespread application in suspected and known small bowel CD, monitoring of UC, postoperative CD, IBD-U, and for panenteric evaluation. Patency capsule testing helps to reduce retention rates significantly. Artificial intelligence and technical advances can help evolve this novel technology.
Clinical, Endoscopic, and Histologic Characteristics of Patients with Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Shafiq Syed
Published: October 2023

Objective Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a chronic disorder of defecation presenting with bleed per rectum, mucorrhea, tenesmus, perianal discomfort, etc. We aim to report clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features of SRUS in patients who underwent either colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy at our center.

Materials and Methods We performed retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed with SRUS on endoscopy and confirmed by histopathologic examination at our center between January 2010 and June 2022. Data retrieved included demographic details, clinical features along with endoscopic, and histopathological findings of SRUS patients.

Results The study included 132 patients with SRUS with mean (± standard deviation) age of 45 (± 20.6) years and male to female ratio of 1.5:1. While most of the patients presented with a combination of symptoms, the most common clinical presentation was bleeding per rectum (82%). Rectal ulcers, either single or multiple, were the predominant findings on endoscopy followed by polypoidal lesions. Histology showed fibromuscular obliteration and crypt distortion in all patients. Biofeedback training, lifestyle changes, and sucralfate enema were successful in about 87% of the patients at the end of 6 weeks and about 76% at the end of 12 weeks with surgery for rectal prolapse being performed in two of our patients.

Conclusion SRUS presents with a myriad of symptoms and requires a high index of suspicion by the treating physician(s). While the most common presenting symptom in our study was rectal bleed rectal bleed; ulcers, either solitary or multiple, ulcers, either solitary or multiple, were the commonest endoscopy findings. Endoscopic findings along with histopathology confirm the diagnosis.
Using an ancient art form to improve robotic technology
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: October 2023

Kirigami and hard magnetic actuation yield untethered soft robots.
Untethered kirigami soft robots with programmable locomotion
Authors: Wang Jinqiang , Wang Ruichen , Zhu Zixiao , Zhou Kun , Wang Dong
Published: October 2023

Kirigami can induce shape transformations in planar and nonplanar geometry by rational cut design, significantly increasing the kinematics degree of freedom. Here, we exploit kirigami metamaterials and hard-magnetic actuation to design untethered soft robots. The kirigami soft robot, consisting of slit perforated kirigami patterns with embedded hard-magnetic disks in each facet, exhibits modularity, scalability, and programmable locomotion. By varying the magnetization arrays, the kirigami soft robots show diverse static and dynamic behaviors, which are systematically studied by experiments and FEM. We demonstrate multi-module soft robots with programmable locomotion, where directional locomotion is generated by a synergistic effect and circular motion is realized by the asymmetric pattern. Active and passive environmental adaptabilities and multifunctionalities are shown, including passing over gaps, active obstacle avoidance, moving over various substrates, carrying loads, remote circuit switches, and amphibious motions by bistability. This work paves the way to design untethered soft robots with programmable motions and multifunctionalities.
Atomically smooth films of CsSb: A chemically robust visible light photocathode
Authors: Parzyck C. T. , Pennington C. A. , DeBenedetti W. J. I. , Balajka J. , Echeverria E. M. , Paik H. , Moreschini L. , Faeth B. D. , Hu C. , Nangoi J. K. , Anil V. , Arias T. A. , Hines M. A. , Schlom D. G. , Galdi A. , Shen K. M. , Maxson J. M.
Published: October 2023

Alkali antimonide semiconductor photocathodes provide a promising platform for the generation of high-brightness electron beams, which are necessary for the development of cutting-edge probes, including x-ray free electron lasers and ultrafast electron diffraction. Nonetheless, to harness the intrinsic brightness limits in these compounds, extrinsic degrading factors, including surface roughness and contamination, must be overcome. By exploring the growth of CsxSb thin films monitored by in situ electron diffraction, the conditions to reproducibly synthesize atomically smooth films of CsSb on 3C–SiC (100) and graphene-coated TiO2 (110) substrates are identified, and detailed structural, morphological, and electronic characterization is presented. These films combine high quantum efficiency in the visible (up to 1.2% at 400 nm), an easily accessible photoemission threshold of 566 nm, low surface roughness (down to 600 pm on a 1 μm scale), and a robustness against oxidation up to 15 times greater than Cs3Sb. These properties lead us to suggest that CsSb has the potential to operate as an alternative to Cs3Sb in electron source applications where the demands of the vacuum environment might otherwise preclude the use of traditional alkali antimonides.
Aberrations estimate based on diffraction patterns using deep residual network
Authors: Jiang Jinyang , Liu Xiaoyun , Chen Yonghao , Gao Siyu , Liu Ying , Jiang Yueqiu
Published: October 2023

Lenses are fundamental elements in many optical applications. However, various aberrations are inevitably present in lenses, which will affect the distribution of focused light intensity and optical imaging. Accurately predicting the aberrations of a lens is of great significance. Nevertheless, quantitatively measuring the aberrations of a lens, especially when multiple aberrations are present simultaneously, is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a method based on a designed deep residual network called Y-ResNet to measure the astigmatism and coma of a lens simultaneously. The Y-ResNet was trained on the focused image pattern of a Gaussian beam passing through a lens with astigmatism and coma. The trained network can accurately predict the aberration coefficients of the lens with 0.99 specificity, 0.925 precision, 0.9382 recall, and a 0.9406 F1-score achieved on astigmatism and 0.99 specificity, 0.956 precision, 0.98 recall, and a 0.954 F1-score achieved on coma. Specifically, even if only part of the intensity distribution of the light spot is captured, the network can accurately estimate the aberrations of the lens with an accuracy of over 90% on coma and can identify astigmatism aberration features. This paper can provide a feasible method for correcting beam patterns caused by aberration based on deep learning.
The high pressure dependence of x-ray induced decomposition of cadmium oxalate
Authors: Lua Sanchez Adrian F. , Cifligu Petrika , Graff Marc , Pravica Michael , Bhowmik Pradip K. , Park Changyong , Evlyukhin Egor
Published: October 2023

The high proclivity of x rays to destabilize and distort molecular structures has been previously utilized in the synthesis of novel compounds. Here, we show that x-ray induced decomposition of cadmium oxalate induces chemical and structural transformations only at 0.5 and 1 GPa. Using x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, the synthesized product is identified as cadmium carbonate with cadmium oxalate remnants, which is stable under ambient conditions. At ambient and >1 GPa pressures, only degradation of the electronic density distribution is observed. The transformation kinetics are examined in terms of Avrami’s model, which demonstrates that despite the necessity of high pressure for efficient x-ray induced synthesis of cadmium carbonate, the rate and geometry of structural synthesis in the 0.5–1 GPa pressure range do not depend on the applied pressure. In addition, the possible role of intermolecular distance and molecular mobility in transformation yield is also discussed. Our experimental results indicate that x-ray induced photochemical synthetic pathways can be modulated and optimized by specific parameter selection such as high pressure.
A critical perspective for emerging ultra-thin solar cells with ultra-high power-per-weight outputs
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Apostolos , Maksudov Temur , Kakavelakis George , Perrakis George , Alharbi Essa A. , Kutsarov Dimitar , Isikgor Furkan H. , Alfihed Salman , Petridis Konstantinos , Kafesaki Maria , Silva S. Ravi P. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Graetzel Michael
Published: October 2023

Ultrathin, solution-processed emerging solar cells with high power-per-weight (PPW) outputs demonstrate unique potential for applications where low weight, high power output, and flexibility are indispensable. The following perspective explores the literature of emerging PVs and highlights the maximum reported PPW values of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) 29.4 W/g, organic solar cells (OSCs) 32.07 W/g, and quantum dot solar cells 15.02 W/g, respectively. The record PPW values of OSCs and PSCs are approximately one order of magnitude higher compared to their inorganic ultrathin solar cells counterparts (approximately 3.2 W/g for CIGS and a-Si). This consists emerging PVs, very attractive for a variety of applications where the PPW is the key parameter. In particular, both OSCs and PSCs can be implemented in different scenarios of applications (indoor and biocompatible applications for OSCs and outdoor and high-energy radiation conversion conditions for the PSCs) due to their unique optoelectronic and physiochemical properties. Finally, our theoretical optical and electrical simulation and optimization study for the most promising and well-suited PV technologies showed an impressive maximum realistic theoretical PPW limit of 74.3 and 93.7 W/g for PSCs and OSCs, respectively. Our finding in the theoretical section shows that the experimental results achieved in the literature of PSCs and OSCs toward high PPW outputs is not quite close to the theoretical maximum (35% and 40% of the theoretical maximum for OSCs and PSCs, respectively), and thus, more work needs to be done to further increase the experimental PPW output of these promising PV technologies.
Dynamics of
cis
-regulatory sequences and transcriptional divergence of duplicated genes in soybean
Authors: Fang Chao , Yang Mingyu , Tang Yuecheng , Zhang Ling , Zhao Hainan , Ni Hejia , Chen Qingshan , Meng Fanli , Jiang Jiming
Published: October 2023

Transcriptional divergence of duplicated genes after whole genome duplication (WGD) has been described in many plant lineages and is often associated with subgenome dominance, a genome-wide mechanism. However, it is unknown what underlies the transcriptional divergence of duplicated genes in polyploid species that lack subgenome dominance. Soybean is a paleotetraploid with a WGD that occurred 5 to 13 Mya. Approximately 50% of the duplicated genes retained from this WGD exhibit transcriptional divergence. We developed accessible chromatin region (ACR) datasets from leaf, flower, and seed tissues using MNase-hypersensitivity sequencing. We validated enhancer function of several ACRs associated with known genes using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. The ACR datasets were used to examine and correlate the transcriptional patterns of 17,111 pairs of duplicated genes in different tissues. We demonstrate that ACR dynamics are correlated with divergence of both expression level and tissue specificity of individual gene pairs. Gain or loss of flanking ACRs and mutation of
cis
-regulatory elements (CREs) within the ACRs can change the balance of the expression level and/or tissue specificity of the duplicated genes. Analysis of DNA sequences associated with ACRs revealed that the extensive sequence rearrangement after the WGD reshaped the CRE landscape, which appears to play a key role in the transcriptional divergence of duplicated genes in soybean. This may represent a general mechanism for transcriptional divergence of duplicated genes in polyploids that lack subgenome dominance.
Novel insecticidal proteins from ferns resemble insecticidal proteins from
Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Wei Jun-Zhi , Lum Amy , Schepers Eric , Liu Lu , Weston Ross T. , McGinness Bruce S. , Heckert Matthew J. , Xie Weiping , Kassa Adane , Bruck Denny , Rauscher Gilda , Kapka-Kitzman Deirdre , Mathis John P. , Zhao Jian-Zhou , Sethi Amit , Barry Jennifer , Lu Albert L. , Brugliera Filippa , Lee Eunice L. , van derWeerden Nicole L. , Eswar Narayanan , Maher Megan J. , Anderson Marilyn A.
Published: October 2023

Lepidopterans affect crop production worldwide. The use of transgenes encoding insecticidal proteins from
Bacillus thuringiensis
(
Bt
) in crop plants is a well-established technology that enhances protection against lepidopteran larvae. Concern about widespread field-evolved resistance to
Bt
proteins has highlighted an urgent need for new insecticidal proteins with different modes or sites of action. We discovered a new family of insecticidal proteins from ferns. The prototype protein from
Pteris
species (Order Polypodiales) and variants from two other orders of ferns, Schizaeales and Ophioglossales, were effective against important lepidopteran pests of maize and soybean in diet-based assays. Transgenic maize and soybean plants producing these proteins were more resistant to insect damage than controls. We report here the crystal structure of a variant of the prototype protein to 1.98 Å resolution. Remarkably, despite being derived from plants, the structure resembles the 3-domain Cry proteins from
Bt
but has only two out of three of their characteristic domains, lacking the C-terminal domain which is typically required for their activities. Two of the fern proteins were effective against strains of fall armyworm that were resistant to
Bt
3-domain Cry proteins Cry1Fa or Cry2A.127. This therefore represents a novel family of insecticidal proteins that have the potential to provide future tools for pest control.
Escherichia coli
utilizes multiple peptidoglycan recycling permeases with distinct strategies of recycling
Authors: Simpson Brent W. , Gilmore Michael C. , McLean Amanda Briann , Cava Felipe , Trent M. Stephen
Published: October 2023

Bacteria produce a structural layer of peptidoglycan (PG) that enforces cell shape, resists turgor pressure, and protects the cell. As bacteria grow and divide, the existing layer of PG is remodeled and PG fragments are released. Enterics such as
Escherichia coli
go to great lengths to internalize and reutilize PG fragments.
E. coli
is estimated to break down one-third of its cell wall, yet only loses ~0 to 5% of meso-diaminopimelic acid, a PG-specific amino acid, per generation. Two transporters were identified early on to possibly be the primary permease that facilitates PG fragment recycling, i) AmpG and ii) the Opp ATP binding cassette transporter in conjunction with a PG-specific periplasmic binding protein, MppA. The contribution of each transporter to PG recycling has been debated. Here, we have found that AmpG and MppA/Opp are differentially regulated by carbon source and growth phase. In addition, MppA/Opp is uniquely capable of high-affinity scavenging of muropeptides from growth media, demonstrating that AmpG and MppA/Opp allow for different strategies of recycling PG fragments. Altogether, this work clarifies environmental contexts under which
E. coli
utilizes distinct permeases for PG recycling and explores how scavenging by MppA/Opp could be beneficial in mixed communities.
Bimodal buckling governs human fingers’ luxation
Authors: Fraldi Massimiliano , Palumbo Stefania , Cutolo Arsenio , Carotenuto Angelo Rosario , Bigoni Davide
Published: October 2023

Equilibrium bifurcation in natural systems can sometimes be explained as a route to stress shielding for preventing failure. Although compressive buckling has been known for a long time, its less-intuitive tensile counterpart was only recently discovered and yet never identified in living structures or organisms. Through the analysis of an unprecedented all-in-one paradigm of elastic instability, it is theoretically and experimentally shown that coexistence of two curvatures in human finger joints is the result of an optimal design by nature that exploits both compressive and tensile buckling for inducing luxation in case of traumas, so realizing a unique mechanism for protecting tissues and preventing more severe damage under extreme loads. Our findings might pave the way to conceive complex architectured and bio-inspired materials, as well as next generation artificial joint prostheses and robotic arms for bio-engineering and healthcare applications.
Antibodies elicited in humans upon chimeric hemagglutinin-based influenza virus vaccination confer FcγR-dependent protection in vivo
Authors: Edgar Julia E. , Trezise Stephanie , Anthony Robert M. , Krammer Florian , Palese Peter , Ravetch Jeffrey V. , Bournazos Stylianos
Published: October 2023

Antibody responses against highly conserved epitopes on the stalk domain of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) confer broad protection; however, such responses are limited. To effectively induce stalk-specific immunity against conserved HA epitopes, sequential immunization strategies have been developed based on chimeric HA (cHA) constructs featuring different head domains but the same stalk regions. Immunogenicity studies in small animal models, as well as in humans, revealed that cHA immunogens elicit stalk-specific IgG responses with broad specificity against heterologous influenza virus strains. However, the mechanisms by which these antibodies confer in vivo protection and the contribution of their Fc effector function remain unclear. To characterize the role of Fc-FcγR (Fcγ receptor) interactions to the in vivo protective activity of IgG antibodies elicited in participants in a phase I trial of a cHA vaccine candidate, we performed passive transfer studies of vaccine-elicited IgG antibodies in mice humanized for all classes of FcγRs, as well as in mice deficient for FcγRs. IgG antibodies elicited upon cHA vaccination completely protected FcγR humanized mice against lethal influenza virus challenge, while no protection was evident in FcγR-deficient mice, suggesting a major role for FcγR pathways in the protective function of vaccine-elicited IgG antibodies. These findings have important implications for influenza vaccine development, guiding the design of vaccination approaches with the capacity to elicit IgG responses with optimal Fc effector function.
Evolution of the resonances of small water cluster anions (H2O)
n
⩽19
− in helium droplets upon attachment of electrons
Authors: Maalouf Elias Jabbour Al , Mahmoodi-Darian Masoomeh , Denifl Stephan
Published: October 2023

Using a high-resolution electron monochromator, we studied the formation of (H2O)
n

⩽19
− cluster ions upon collisions of free low-energy electrons with water clusters embedded in helium droplets. The anion efficiency curves as a function of the initial electron energy were measured for the cluster sizes n = 2–8, 10, 13, 16, and 19. The present experimental results show that the shape of the resonance yields is dependent on the size of the water cluster anion. The results are discussed in terms of the different electron states available for the excess electron from a linear cluster structure to three-dimensional cluster structures as the number of water molecules within the cluster increases.
Planar and tunable quantum state transfer in a splicing Y-junction Su–Schrieffer–Heeger chain
Authors: Zheng Li-Na , Wang Hong-Fu , Yi Xuexi
Published: October 2023

We present a feasible scheme to implement a planar and tunable quantum state transfer (QST) via topologically protected zero-energy mode in a splicing Y-junction Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) chain. The introduction of the elaborate nearest-neighbor (NN) hopping enables one to generate a topological interface at the central site of the Y-junction. By modulating the NN hopping adiabatically in the chain, the quantum state initially prepared at the central site can be simultaneously transferred to the three endpoints of the Y-junction with the equal/unequal probabilities. The planar distribution of QST is expected to realize a quantum router, whose function is to make the quantum information on the central site (input port) appear equally/unequally at the three endpoints (output ports) with different directions. Moreover, the numerical simulations demonstrate that the scheme possesses the robustness on the fluctuations of the NN hopping and the on-site potential in the system. Furthermore, we show that the number of the output ports with different directions can be flexibly increased in an extended X-junction SSH chain, and the experimental feasibility for implementing special QST in a superconducting qubit-resonator system is briefly discussed. Our work extends the space distribution of QST from linear distribution to planar distribution and promotes the construction of large-scale quantum networks.
Signal and noise analysis of a metal oxide transistor-based flat-panel detector
Authors: Oh Seokwon , Yoo Seungjun , Shin Hubeom , Lee Junho , Kim Dong Uk , Kim Ho Kyung
Published: October 2023

Recently, metal-oxide thin-film transistor (TFT)-based flat-panel
x-ray detectors have attracted attention owing to their fast readout
times and low noise characteristics. We empirically analyzed the signal
and noise characteristics of an indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) TFT-based
detector in comparison with those of a conventional hydrogenated amorphous
silicon (a-Si:H) TFT-based detector. We compared the large-area
signal transfer functions of the detectors as a function of air kerma
at their entrance surfaces. Signal and noise performances were evaluated
by measuring the modulation-transfer function, noise-power spectrum,
and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). The low-dose imaging capability
of the detectors was assessed by investigating the large-area or zero-frequency
DQE as a function of air kerma. Herein, we evaluated the value of
the IGZO detector in terms of dose efficiency in comparison to the
conventional a-Si:H detector.
A review of some metal-oxide based nanocomposites for photocatalytic treatment of wastewater
Authors: Gupta Shivani , Narayan Himanshu , Jain Rakesh K
Published: October 2023

The photocatalytic activity of nanosized composite materials based on some common metal-oxides has been reviewed in the context of their potential application in the treatment of wastewater. A large volume of published data has been systematically analysed to understand the process of photocatalytic degradation under various combinations of the material, dye and source of excitation. The quantities taken into consideration for the analysis are the average particle size, apparent rate constant (kobs), and maximum percent degradation achieved. Semiconducting titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) were identified as the three best photocatalysts that can be used after some meticulous modifications, in the treatment of wastewater under visible light irradiation. It was also concluded that the best performance can be obtained with photocatalyst nanoparticles (NPs) of average size in the range of 20 to 70 nm. Among the photocatalysts reviewed, the best degradation was produced by bismuth-sulphur co-doped TiO2NPs of around 7 nm average particle size. With a rate constant as high as 6.08 × 10−2min−1, this material produced nearly 100% degradation of Indigo Carmine within 40 min under visible light. The ZnO NPs of 40–70 nm average size degraded nearly 99% of Malachite green dye under ultraviolet (UV) irradiations in just 40 min with a very high rate constant of 11.10 × 10−2min−1. CuO NPs, synthesised through green methods, produced nearly 95% degradation of Methylene blue (MB) in 2 h, with a rate constant of 2.62 × 10−2min−1under solar irradiation.
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of natural polymers and conventional space radiation shielding polymers in spacecraft for prolonged space expeditions
Authors: Al Zaman MD Abdullah , Roy Sabyasachi , Sarker Swarna , Azad Md Mohsin Uddin , Akib Anwarul Azim , Haque Md Marjanul
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the shielding effectiveness of natural polymers, such as natural rubber and cotton, against space radiation. The results are compared with those of conventional shielding materials, such as polyethylene, Kevlar, and polycarbonate. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using a Geant4-based tool, Multi-layered shielding simulation software (MULASSIS). The shielding properties were studied using proton, alpha, and iron ions with energies of 1 GeV n−1. Online Tool for the Assessment of Radiation in Space (OLTARIS) is used for calculating the effective dose equivalent for the GCR spectra. Both studies showed that the natural polymers are just as effective as conventional space radiation shielding materials in terms of dose reduction. Natural rubber is found to be the most effective among the natural polymers. For 50 g cm−2 aluminum with 20 g cm−2 layer of chosen materials configuration, the effective dose equivalent values (mSv/day) for Polyethylene, Kevlar, Polycarbonate, Kapton, Epoxy, Dacron, and Vectran were 0.93, 1.08, 0.995, 1.056, 1.007, 1.031, and 1.042, respectively. The effective dose equivalent values (mSv/day) for natural polymers (natural rubber, cotton, jute, and silk) under the same conditions were 0.95, 1.004, 1.036, and 1.004, respectively. The challenges of utilizing radiation shields made of natural polymers are also briefly covered.
Printable metal oxide nanostructures based chemiresistive non-biological analyte sensors
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kim Sang Sub , Kim Hyoun Woo , Kumar Mahesh
Published: October 2023

Non-biological analyte sensing refers to the ability to detect and quantify various chemical and physical parameters present in the environment or biological samples that are not directly associated with biological entities such as cells, tissues, or organisms. The field of non-biological analyte sensing has its roots in the early detection of any analytes, and over the years, it has expanded to include a wide range of applications such as environmental monitoring, food safety, and medical diagnostics. This perspective focuses on the current status, challenges and future prospects of metal oxide nanostructures-based non-biological analyte sensors. In this context, the present review aims to delve into the intricate mechanisms, fabrication techniques, and applications of printable chemical sensors for non-biological analytes. Through a comprehensive exploration of the scientific advancements and technological breakthroughs in this domain, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolving landscape of printable chemical sensors and their pivotal role in modern analytical endeavours.
Protein–protein interaction and site prediction using transfer learning
Authors: Liu Tuoyu , Gao Han , Ren Xiaopu , Xu Guoshun , Liu Bo , Wu Ningfeng , Luo Huiying , Wang Yuan , Tu Tao , Yao Bin , Guan Feifei , Teng Yue , Huang Huoqing , Tian Jian
Published: October 2023

The advanced language models have enabled us to recognize protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and interaction sites using protein sequences or structures. Here, we trained the MindSpore ProteinBERT (MP-BERT) model, a Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers, using protein pairs as inputs, making it suitable for identifying PPIs and their respective interaction sites. The pretrained model (MP-BERT) was fine-tuned as MPB-PPI (MP-BERT on PPI) and demonstrated its superiority over the state-of-the-art models on diverse benchmark datasets for predicting PPIs. Moreover, the model’s capability to recognize PPIs among various organisms was evaluated on multiple organisms. An amalgamated organism model was designed, exhibiting a high level of generalization across the majority of organisms and attaining an accuracy of 92.65%. The model was also customized to predict interaction site propensity by fine-tuning it with PPI site data as MPB-PPISP. Our method facilitates the prediction of both PPIs and their interaction sites, thereby illustrating the potency of transfer learning in dealing with the protein pair task.
dsRID: in silico identification of dsRNA regions using long-read RNA-seq data
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Liu Zhiheng , Choudhury Mudra , Xiao Xinshu
Published: October 2023

Motivation

Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are potent triggers of innate immune responses upon recognition by cytosolic dsRNA sensor proteins. Identification of endogenous dsRNAs helps to better understand the dsRNAome and its relevance to innate immunity related to human diseases.

Results

Here, we report dsRID (double-stranded RNA identifier), a machine-learning-based method to predict dsRNA regions in silico, leveraging the power of long-read RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and molecular traits of dsRNAs. Using models trained with PacBio long-read RNA-seq data derived from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain, we show that our approach is highly accurate in predicting dsRNA regions in multiple datasets. Applied to an AD cohort sequenced by the ENCODE consortium, we characterize the global dsRNA profile with potentially distinct expression patterns between AD and controls. Together, we show that dsRID provides an effective approach to capture global dsRNA profiles using long-read RNA-seq data.

Availability and implementation

Software implementation of dsRID, and genomic coordinates of regions predicted by dsRID in all samples are available at the GitHub repository: https://github.com/gxiaolab/dsRID.