bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Quickly Erectable Prefabricated Collapsible Construction System for Temporary Accommodation
Authors: Abramyan S.G. , Polyakov Vladimir G. , Lipatova Svetlana I. , Oganesyan Oganes V.
Published: September 2018

This paper considers the importance of quickly erectable construction systems, as well as their main purpose and applicability in various situations. Based on the analysis of scientific publications and the results of patent search, the authors suggest the structural features and technological solutions for installation of a new small-size quickly erectable collapsible construction system. The system is designed for temporary accommodation of a group of people involved in construction, geological exploration and other works in hard-to-reach areas, for tourists etc. Such a collapsible construction system can be adapted to serve as a temporary shelter for people surviving natural calamities. The foundation of the suggested system is an enclosed three-dimensional structure (crate) where the necessary structural elements are kept pending the assembly of the construction system, including telescopic legs and other tubular framing structures, rolls of tent covering, set of coupling elements, and supports. The specific features of this new system, as compared to similar space planning solutions, are low labor costs involved in its assembly and dismantling, small weight ensuring transportability of a collapsed and packed system, and reusability. Other benefits of the new small-size construction system include its low overall cost, environmental safety and energy efficiency.
System of Elements for Buildings Erection by Dry Method
Authors: Verzhbovskiy Gennady B.
Published: September 2018

The volume small-sized elements for the erection of bearing and enclosing walls of buildings are described. A feature of the proposed products is the possibility of their laying in a dry way without the use of mortars. The variants of the arrangement of the elements are given in the case of abutting the transverse walls, as well as in the corners of the building.
The Issues of Energy Efficiency of Buildings for Agricultural Purposes
Authors: Fedosov Sergey Viktorovich , Fedoseev Vadim N. , Oparina Ludmila A.
Published: September 2018

The current problem of ensuring energy saving and improving the energy efficiency of buildings and structures for agricultural purposes is identified. The geopolitical situation, import substitution programs and agricultural development programs set the task of developing domestic vegetable production, which in its turn requires the construction of new vegetable store buildings, as in most regions of Russia the harvest is collected once a year. In this regard, the current task is to ensure the energy conservation and achieve high energy efficiency of the vegetable store buildings. Energy saving is the basic technology for creating effective agriculture. The purpose of the study is to analyse the requirements for insulation materials for buildings and vegetable store facilities, taking into account energy efficiency and life cycle cost. The authors analysed the criteria for choosing a heater for the vegetable stores: low coefficient of thermal conductivity, water absorption, sorption humidity, frost resistance, biostability, lack of cold bridges, long service life. It is proposed to supplement the criteria for choosing a building insulation with the characteristics of the life cycle cost and the service life. Design and construction of agricultural buildings is proposed to be implemented using the concepts of BLC and BIM, the use of which gives an opportunity to design buildings with optimal energy efficiency parameters and take into account the cost of the life cycle. The cost of the buildings life cycle is the main of all the performance indicators when comparing alternative design options that differ by the application of advanced technologies and material resources and the contractors' offers when concluding contracts not only for purchase, but for servicing the subject of trades during its service life. The conclusions are made about the advantages of using foamed polyethylene foam for warming vegetable store buildings, as well as the conclusion about the expediency of adding criteria determining the sustainable development of the human environment, namely life cycle cost, service life, recycling ability. The formula for calculating the cost of the buildings life cycle, adapted to the specificity of buildings for agricultural purposes, is given.
The Use of Spatial Voids in the Formation of High-Rise Buildings Architecture
Authors: Pimenova Elena V. , Grigoryan Marina N. , Ivanova Polina V.
Published: September 2018

One of the prior directions in the high-rise buildings formation was the use of spatial voids in their architectural solution. This article discusses the world experience in the design and construction of high-rise buildings, the formation of which is based on techniques connected with the use of spatial voids. On the design experience analysis basis is revealed through the classification of unique high-rise buildings architecture formation existing methods on the basis of application of spatial voids in their figurative decisions. The five main shape-forming schemes of high-rise buildings based on the use of spatial voids in their structure: gallery, bridge, arch, closed, combined (hybrid) are defined. The basic principles of high-rise buildings architecture formation with application of spatial apertures in their volume solutions are determined. The work's practical significance in the possible application of the obtained study results, both in project practice and for the further theoretical research is specified.
Development of the Architecture of High-Rise Unique Buildings with Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Karamysheva Anna A.
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the use of renewable energy sources in construction in general and in high-rise unique buildings. Such approach will allow to design and construct buildings in which integrated renewable energy sources can be perfectly applied to all aspects of construction. The historical development of architecture and ecology as a single phenomenon is considered. This is particularly relevant to high-rise buildings. With the implementation of energy-efficient technologies, the main drawback - high-energy consumption - will be cut off. The article raises the question of the need to merge these two concepts. Examples of buildings with applied renewable energy sources, both constructed and projected, are considered. Non-traditional energy sources such as wind, solar, land, water and biomass are analyzed. The relevance of their application in construction and influence on all aspects of the project is proved: town-planning, functional, space planning, architectural and artistic, constructive and engineering.
The Efficiency of Using Building Energy Modeling in the Construction of High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Shilova Lyubov A. , Sorokina Elizaveta A.
Published: September 2018

The paper considers the approach to the assessment of the efficiency of the use of building energy modeling technology by the example of a 20-storey building located in Moscow. It has been suggested that the efficiency of the use of technology can be estimated by calculating the return on investment. However, Russian legislation requires a section in the design documentation for the energy efficiency of construction projects, which takes considerable time to develop, while the use of building energy modeling technology reduces the time needed to develop the information necessary to complete this section, which also confirms the effectiveness of technology implementation.
Structure and Properties of the Modified Binding for Silicate Paints
Authors: Loganina Valentina , Kislitsyna Svetlana Nikolaevna , Mazhitov Yerkebulan B.
Published: September 2018

Information is provided about the stability of polysilicates solutions, obtained by mixing liquid glass and silica sol. It was found, that at increases the amount of silicic acid sol added, the pH of the solutions decreases with an unchanged alkali concentration. Information on the structure of polysilicate solutions are given. It has been found, that addition of the sol (increasing the silicate module) contribute to prolonging fraction of high-polymer fractions of silicic anion. The dependence of the silica content of the monomeric form of α-SiO2 in the early stages of interaction between the sol and liquid glass is extreme. The maximum content of α-SiO2 depends on the type of liquid glass and the amount of sol. It is shown, that films based on polysilicates solutions, are characterized by faster curing. The manifestation of the scale factor for coatings based on polysilicate solutions was revealed.
Investigation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Construction Materials of Forced Carbonate Hardening
Authors: Lyubomirskiy Nikolay , Fic Stanisław , Fedorkin Sergey I.
Published: September 2018

A technique for determining the modulus of elasticity of сonstruction materials on samples of small dimensions has been developed. Physical and mechanical properties of building materials based on calcareous-lime compositions of semi-dry pressing, hardening according to the principle of forced carbonization, depending on the prescription and technological factors of their production have been studied. It has been demonstrated that on the basis of these materials it is possible to obtain building products with compressive strength up to 30 MPa, tensile strength at bending up to 5 MPa and higher, and an elastic modulus up to 18 GPa.
Unventilated Air Layers with a Reflective Coating in the Building Envelope
Authors: Umnyakova Nina P. , Ujma Adam
Published: September 2018

Heat exchange through infrared radiation in air layers located inside building envelopes may be significantly modified in case of use of aluminium foil coatings therein. The intensity of conductive, convective and radiative heat exchange in these structures depends on the thickness of the air layer and the temperature difference on its surfaces. Generally speaking, application of aluminium foil in air layers of a building envelope improves its thermal insulation capacity. However, assessment of efficiency of such a solution and determination of the thermal resistance value of a given structure is often incorrectly determined and assumed for design calculations. The article analyzes the instructions and principles of determination of thermal insulation capacity of unventilated air layers. Provisions of two standards have been compared with results of tests of air layer parameters. The effect of different factors on heat exchange and insulation capacity of air layers with reflective coatings has been considered and assessed.
Investigation of the Influence of the Initial Composition of Heavy Concrete Designed for the Manufacture of Ring-Section Products on its Properties
Authors: Shuyskiy Anatoliy I. , Stel'makh Sergey , Shcherban' Evgeniy , Kholodnyak Mikhail
Published: September 2018

The authors conducted the analysis of scientific and technical references relating to the issue of increasing maintenance reliability of pre-stressed reinforced concrete by means of taking into account concrete non-homogeneity in the calculations of strength, deformability and crack resistance of the reinforced concrete products with annular section. The authors stated the opportunity to increase the quality of concrete intended for centrifugation by means of regulating the properties of used materials. It was identified that applying disperse-reinforced fibers resulted in increase in bending tensile strength, decrease in shrinkage, increase in crack resistance and material resistance towards alternate freezing and thawing, drying and humidification cycles. Upon the results of conducted research and comparison of the properties of various fibers, the authors obtained regularities and application rules on fiber use and gave recommendations in terms of applying one of another fiber type. On the basis of the analysis of obtained results the authors made the conclusion that the highest effect in all tests was observed at the application of basalt fibers as they provide for a higher dispersion of cement rock reinforcement while the basalt fiber itself has a higher strength comparing with any other polymer fiber. Further, the authors conducted the research of mechanical properties characteristic for test beams made of heavy concrete to manufacture the annular section products by means of centrifugation. The obtained dependences allow making a conclusion that the percentage ratio of applied crushed stone fractions Fr 5-10 / Fr 5-20 = 50 / 50 under otherwise equal conditions has the highest influence on the heavy concrete ground strength.
Investigation of the Decorative Ceramics of Matrix Structure from Iron-Ore Waste with Vanadium Component Addition
Authors: Stolboushkin Andrey Yu. , Akst Danil V.
Published: September 2018

Results of the study of bulk coloring of decorative ceramic materials with matrix structure based on the slurry part of the iron ore tailings by vanadium slag additive are represented. Chemical, mineralogical and granulometric compositions of the raw materials are presented. The characteristic of their ceramic-technological properties is given. A new method of obtaining decorative ceramic specimens with matrix structure is described. The dependence of physical and mechanical properties and ceramic specimen color form the vanadium slag amount in charge is established. The results of studies of the matrix structure of decorative ceramic specimens with different contents of the coloring additive are represented.
Effect of Argillites Reduction Ratio on Ceramic Tile and Paving Clinker of Low-Temperature Sintering
Authors: Kotlyar Anton , Lapunova Kira , Lazareva Yana , Orlova Marina
Published: September 2018

The article provides an overview of the argillites raw material of Russia. It describes chemical and mineralogical characteristics of argillites and their main properties. It indicates that argillites chemistry has some peculiarities like high content of A2O3 – from 17 to 23 %, К2О – from 2,5 to 4,3 % and iron oxides from 4 to 7 %. Mineralogy of argillites includes two types of hydra micas: an isometric one being allothigenous constituent and a bladed one being the transformation product of montmorillonite underwent catageneses. Also argillites always contain kaolinite, chlorite, glauconite, quartz, plagioclase. The article contains the main requirements for paving clinker and ceramic tile and major trends of their production. Information about dependence of the effect of argillites reduction ratio and firing temperature on strength, absorption capacity and density of the samples is provided. Influence of their interconnected nature on the properties of the product is described. It is specified that due to finer argillites reduction in the size range of 0-0.16 – 0-1.25 mm, the samples strength increases 1.5-2.5 times. Higher firing temperature in the range from 900 to 1100 °C allows increasing strength 2-4 times. In given intervals of reduction ratio and firing temperature the index of water absorption capacity of less than 5 % needed for ceramic tile is achieved by size reduction of 0 – 0.315 mm and firing temperature of 1000 °C and higher. The water absorption capacity of less than 2.5 % needed for paving clinker is achieved by size reduction of 0 - 0.315 mm and firing temperature of 1050 °C and higher. Rationale for production perspectiveness of paving clinker and ceramic tile of low-temperature sintering based on argillites is provided.
Medium-Fraction Materials for Processing of Coal-Thread Waste Drains for the Production of Wall Ceramics
Authors: Yavruyan Khungiaonos , Kotlyar Vladimir , Gaishun Evgeny
Published: September 2018

The general characteristic of products of processing of waste heaps is given. Their characteristics by fractional composition are proposed: large-fractional, with grains from 2 to 150 mm in size, medium-fractional with a grain size of 0.5 to 2 mm, and fine-grained with a grain size of 0 to 0.5 mm. The results of work on the study of the chemical-mineralogical composition and physico-mechanical properties of the medium-fractionation products of the waste heaps processing with reference to the production of various wall ceramics products are presented. Their role is shown as a polyfunctional additive when introduced into ceramic masses and affects the properties of finished products. A preliminary classification according to the amount of coal component, mineralogical and petrographic composition, technological properties is proposed. The feasibility of their application in the production of wall ceramics with a reduced cost is given.
Structural Concepts of High-Rise Buildings Resistant to Progressive Collapse
Authors: Kravchenko Galina M. , Trufanova Elena V. , Kostenko Dmitry S. , Tsurikov Sergey G.
Published: September 2018

In the article there will be a consideration of collapse process progressive simulation of a high-rise building by removing the first-floor columns. The object of the study will be a 27-storeyed high-rise building. The high-rise building structural concept will consist on a monolithic reinforced concrete frame. The mounting base structural concept has been modeled as absolutely rigid. Static and dynamic calculations have been performed in the «Ing +» software complex, while the wind load pulsating component was taking into account using the finite-element method for the spatial slab-and-rod model. The dynamic calculation analysis has shown the obtained oscillation forms corresponding to the design requirements. The stress-strain behavior has been studied for the floor slabs as reinforce constructive of a typical floor. Structural concepts for the building frame of a high-rise building have been developed to reduce the progressive collapse risk. In the physically non-linear calculations, with the removal of the first-floor corner and central columns, four options for the sandwich floor slabs reinforcing were taking into account. The rational reinforcement option has been selected, in which the building is resistant to progressive collapse. The building frame structural concept with the floor slabs heavy-duty reinforcement of the first five floors has been suggested. An outrigger floor with encircling reinforced concrete trusses along the outer contour was included to reinforce the load-carrying framework. Recommendations on the choice of rational structural concepts, reducing a high-rise building progressive collapse risk have been given.
Investigation of the Properties of New Surface-Active Additives for Concretes
Authors: Bataev Dena , Gaziev Minkail A. , Mazhiev Adam Kh. , Mazhiev Aslan Kh.
Published: September 2018

The results of the investigation of new surfactant additives for concrete are given in the article. Their values of density and surface tension are determined at temperatures of 10-50 oC in steps of 10 degrees. Dependences of the surface tension on temperature, the dependence of density on temperature, the dependence of the surface tension on the density for six types of additives for concrete are obtained.
Influence of Surface-Active Substances on the Phase Interface
Authors: Bataev Dena , Gaziev Minkail A. , Mazhiev Adam Kh. , Mazhiev Aslan Kh.
Published: September 2018

The article is devoted to the effect of surface-active substances on the interface of phases. The hydrophobization and hydrophilization of surfactants, their role in building composites are considered. The dependence of the surface tension on temperature, the dependence of the density on the temperature of various kinds of additives for concrete, is given.
Fine-Grained Concretes on Non-Clinker Binders with Highly Disperse Mineral Components
Authors: Bataev Dena , Murtazayev S-A. , Salamanova Madina Sh.
Published: September 2018

World and domestic experience in the development of various compositions and technologies for composite and mixed binders (including cementless ones) and concretes is reduced to the use of components based on ashes of thermal power plants and other secondary mineral resources. But their qualitative, ecological and economic indicators, as well as the energy intensity of production, do not meet modern requirements.
The Influence of the Natural Aggregate Roughness on the ITZ Adhesion in Concrete
Authors: Fic Stanisław , Lyubomirskiy Nikolay , Barnat-Hunek Danuta
Published: September 2018

The paper presents own research and analysis of the surface roughness impact of three types of natural aggregate: granite, basalt, and gravel on adhesion in the Interfacial Tranzition Zone (ITZ). A difference was found in changes in the stress intensity factor (KIC) and the compressive strength (fc) of concretes depending on nature of the surface roughness of the aggregates tested. The tests carried out can be helpful in practical applications in concrete design issues.
Paving Clinker of Low-Temperature Sintering on the Basis of Opokamorphic Rocks
Authors: Kotlyar Vladimir , Kozlov Grigorii , Jivotkov Oleg , Lapunova Kira
Published: September 2018

The article presents the results of work on manufacturing paving clinker based on carbonate-argillaceous opokas belonging to the group of siliceous opal-cristobalite rocks. General characteristics of these rocks are given. Their composition, properties and spread patterns are shown. It has been shown that the introduction of strong minerals up to 1% allows creating products with water absorption of less than 2.5% at burning temperatures of 1050-1100 ° C. The resulting products are yellow and fully meet the requirements of regulatory documents. The main technological factors in the production of paving clinker are as follows: the grain composition of the crushed raw materials, burning temperature of the products and the amount of mineralizer. The production of paving clinker based on carbonate-argillaceous opokas can be organized either by extrusion molding or by compression molding.
The Effect of the Ratio between Water and Foam Concentrate at the Desired Density in the Foam Concrete Mixes
Authors: Morgun Vladimir , Morgun Lyubov
Published: September 2018

The scientifically grounded and experimentally confirmed features of formation of stable foam concrete mixes in time are considered. It is shown that the formation of such gas-filled structures is possible only with water content, the value of which is sufficient for wetting the surface of all solid dispersed particles of raw materials, the formation of foam films and the processes of adsorption and chemical hydration of binder particles. It is proved that taking into account the value of the aeration potential of the foaming agent, it is possible to obtain stable foam concrete mixtures of a given density
The Role of Industrial Waste in the Formation of the Structure and Properties of Effective Wall Ceramics
Authors: Yatsenko Natalia , Vil'bitskaya Natalia A. , Yatsenko A.I.
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the use of blast furnace slag and mineralising additives as raw materials for the production of building materials. Innovative technologies of brick production from natural raw materials and industrial wastes are developed.
Wooden Nano-Composite Materials and Prospects of their Application in Wooden Housing Construction
Authors: Ovsyannikov Sergey I. , Dyachenko Vladislav Yurevich
Published: September 2018

Nano-composite material is a completely new class of material that combines wood pulp and some porous materials of artificial and natural origin. This is an artificially created material consisting of a polymer matrix of the porous natural or synthetic material. The number of micro or macro-pores in the composite can be different for different wood species variety of micro and macro capillaries varying in average from 25 to 35% of the wood volume. The change in wood properties occurs at the structuring of water-insoluble molecules smaller than 3 nm and that is a part of the filler. Industrial technology of deep processing of wood-based nanotechnology allows the manufacture of new products such as laminated wood structures with nano-device that have properties not existing in nature: 1. The wood becomes hydrophobic, it is characterised by almost complete lack of absorption by the body of the wood, which leads to almost full, the lack of swelling and the change of the geometrical sizes of the material; 2. The absence of cracking. As the penetrating substance is evenly distributed between micro and macro pores and uniformly fills all the frame structure, there are additional internal stresses, typical for products made of natural wood; 3. The use of such technology ensures high 10-25% of the density if you increase strength by 20%, which also increases the seismic resistance and mi CNTI products and structures.
The Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Constructions Experimental Research
Authors: Klyuev Sergei V. , Khezhev Tolya , Pukharenko Yu.V. , Klyuev Alexander V.
Published: September 2018

The article proves the efficiency of the construction-based use of fibre concrete. The technique of high-quality fine-grained fibre concrete creation is presented. The chemical composition of the binder was studied and the physical and mechanical characteristics of the filler were revealed. 2 types of steel fibers were studied: anchor and in the form of a fir-tree. The conducted studies proved the effectiveness of dispersed reinforcement with steel fiber. It is established, that the usage of fiber in the form of a fir-tree the greatest increase of operational characteristics is reached.
The Boundary Condition Influence on a Stress-Strain State of a Corrugated Plate on an Elastic Foundation
Authors: Beskopylny Aleksey N. , Kadomtseva Elena E. , Strelnikov Grigory P.
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we consider the influence of the conditions for fixing a wavy plate lying on an elastic foundation on its stressed-deformed state. The profiled plates are widely used in construction practice as fencing structures, for siding works, for roofing and others. The stress-strain state of the wavy plates varies depending on geometry, materials mechanical properties, foundation characteristics and boundary condition. Steel with polymer coatings, which make the sheets a decorative material, is increasingly used in individual and low-rise buildings. The elastic foundation is considered as Winkler base, so we suppose that the reaction of the base is directly proportional to the deflection of the plate at each point. The Bubnov-Galerkin method is used to determine the stress-strain state of the plate. To solve the problem, we use special orthogonal Legendre polynomials satisfying the boundary conditions: simply supported and clamped edges. The results of the calculations were compared for different types of fixation.
Fiber Concrete on the Basis of Composite Binder and Technogenic Raw Materials
Authors: Klyuev Sergei V. , Khezhev Tolya , Pukharenko Yu.V. , Klyuev Alexander V.
Published: September 2018

In the article the questions of application of the mining waste: dropout of quartzite sandstone crushing as filler in the fibre concrete production were considered. Composite binders based on cement and dropout of quartzite sandstone crushing were also developed. The effectiveness of composite binders’ usage consisting in improving the physical and mechanical characteristics and reduction of their prime cost compared to the cement with a slight increase in the complexity of their production was proved. The compositions of concrete dispersed reinforced with steel wave fiber and without it were developed. The efficiency of the use of dispersed reinforcement of fine-grained concrete is proved, which consists in improving the performance characteristics.
Analysis of Specific Properties and Features of Application of New Industrial High-Damping Steel
Authors: Mishnev Peter A. , Uglov Vladimir A. , Zhilenko Sergey V. , Chudakov I.B.
Published: September 2018

Mechanical, damping and specific properties of new structural high-damping steel have been studied in the present research. Studied high-damping steel was specially produced by the JSC Severstal in order to obtain metallic material with specified level of damping and mechanical properties. Experiments show that the damping properties of industrial high-damping steel are comparable with damping properties of high-purity damping alloys, produced using laboratory equipment. Mechanical properties of the industrial high-damping steel were found to be comparable with the level of properties of well-known structural steels, widely used in the modern industry. Analysis of the combination of mechanical and specific properties of the new steel indicates that this material can be used for the construction of rigid structures requiring high damping. Specific features of practical application of high-damping steels are also discussed.
On the Effect of Electric Fields on Cement Solutions Physico-Mechanical Properties
Authors: Bulat Anatoly D. , Filenkov Vladimir M. , Obrubov Vladimir A. , Lushkin Igor A.
Published: September 2018

The increase in the efficiency of the use of raw materials and materials through the intensification of the hydration process of binders, savings based on developments and the introduction of progressive resource and energy saving technologies is shown. It is proposed to use the aspects of the force influence of electric fields on the interfaces of minerals for the activation of binders, taking into account the heterogeneity of cement grains, indicating the prospect of electrophysical cement technology, as a result of the action of an external electric field on the solution mixture.
Methods of Investigating and Quality Assessing Structure of Concretes with Combined Aggregates
Authors: Shlyakhova Elena A. , Egorochkina Inna O. , Serebryanaya Irina A. , Matrosov Andrey
Published: September 2018

Concrete on Portland cement and cement modified with expanding additives were studied. The authors present the results of study of the modified concrete with combined aggregate. Combined aggregate is a composition of natural granite and limestone crushed stone mixed with crushed concrete. Structure and properties of concrete with combined aggregate is insufficiently studied, which limits their use in civil engineering Recycling of building materials allows to expand the raw material base, to solve the problems of resource conservation and environmental protection. The regularities and causes of changes (reduction) indicators of the quality of concrete with combined aggregate. Studying of properties and laws of formation of structure of concrete at the same time is a method of control of their production. The valuation of properties of concrete with combined aggregates will allow to use them along with traditional concrete.
Kinetics of Cellular Structure Formation at Thermal Treatment Processes Simulation in the Cellular Glass Technology
Authors: Fedosov Sergey Viktorovich , Bakanov M.O. , Nikishov S.N.
Published: September 2018

The work considers mathematical models describing thermal processes in the framework of thermal processing of raw material mixture for cellular glass sponging. It is shown that the existing models do not completely reflect the physical processes occurring in the technology of cellular glass production. It is noted that kinetics of cell formation in cellular glass is a promising trend for improving the cellular glass technology.
Technological Processes for Manufacturing Cellular Concrete Products for Construction
Authors: Kazaryan Ryben R. , Khvan Vitaly A.
Published: September 2018

Cellular concrete occupies one of the leading places in world practice of a high-rise construction as the constructional heat-insulating material used in case of construction and reconstruction of buildings and constructions of different purpose. In this artificial stone construction material pores (air cells with diameter 0.1-3.0mm) are distributed rather regularly and occupy from 20 to 90% of amount of concrete, providing high heatphysical qualities (coefficient of heat conductivity of 0.07-0.2 W/ms) that allows cellular concrete houses to keep heat well. Excessive (reserve) porosity of cellular concrete provides its frost resistance (compensates expansion of water when freezing and the formed ice without material destruction). Vapor permeability of cellular concrete provides fast removal of technological moisture from material and maintenance of normal moisture conditions in rooms, and rather high air permeability promotes preserving in rooms of fresh air. Significant growth in production the cellular concrete of products is caused by use of rather simple technologies allowing (due to change of degree of porosity and properties of interstitial material) to receive cellular concrete for thermal insulation or sound insulation, to make wall constructional heat-insulating products with a density 250-1200 kg/ m3 and strength of a 1-25 MPa.
Determination of Technical Condition of a Bridge Structure Based on Survey Results
Authors: Karpushko Marina O. , Bartolomei Igor L. , Karpushko Elena N.
Published: September 2018

Nowadays, the age of most transport facilities in Russian Federation is estimated in many decades. Consequently, there is an urgent need for periodic surveys and monitoring of the state of each structure, its individual structural elements. The main purpose of these measures is to maintain the high performance indicators of the transport structure, the achievement of which is impossible without examination, analysis and evaluation of parts of the structure that are in the aquatic environment and, as a consequence, the occurrence and development of various types and degrees of defects and damages. The most important conditions for ensuring uninterrupted and safe traffic along the bridges of vehicles and pedestrians are: the normative load-carrying capacity of the structure; required clearance of the roadway and sidewalks; compliance with traffic safety requirements for bridges; observance of characteristics and maintenance of the bridge capacity for the period of ice drift and high water; timely performance of work on the care, maintenance and repair of the elements of the bridge. Technically sound structures and their reliability can be ensured if all the parameters of the road category structure and the requirements of regulatory documents are met. The work presents the survey materials of the bridge. Classification of defects by group and class of danger. The results of determining the carrying capacity on the basis of the survey are given.
The Traffic Simulation of Regulated Road Network Using Navigation Systems
Authors: Topilin Ivan V. , Volodina Marina V.
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the results of comparative studies of the selection of micromodels of traffic simulation on a regulated network. The accuracy of the calculated values of vehicle speed obtained from the models of catastrophe theory is shown. Based on model studies it was found that, depending on frequency of buses the optimal distance to the stop line changes, from which it is efficient to make decision on priority intersection. The paper estimates the probability of traffic light options with different volume of priority vehicles.
Geocentric Coordinate Systems and Actual Problems of Modernization of the State Geodetic Network
Authors: Dudnik Anastasia E. , Germak Oksana V. , Govorukhin Maksim G. , Tupoleva Galina K.
Published: September 2018

The article describes the state of the geocentric coordinate system of the Russian Federation. Current problems of the geodetic coordinate system are described, and a method for solving this problem is proposed.
The Style of the Neo-Greek (Neo-Grec) in the Historical and Cultural Context of the Southern Region of Russia by the Example of the Cities of Rostov-on-Don and Yessentuki
Authors: Kishkinova Eugenia M.
Published: September 2018

In European architecture the Neo-Grec style, based on a revival of Greek principles and motifs, is an independent stage in rediscovering of classical antique heritage. It is one of the “new styles” of a historicist phase in architecture that claimed to find national identity in the architecture of independent Greece. In Russian architecture of the mid-19th – early 20th centuries this style is represented in a wide range of monuments that are mostly located in the South of Russia. However insufficient knowledge and research on the monuments of this style create difficulties for their maintenance and restoration. The purpose of the paper is to identify distinctive features of neo-grec in the region. The main task is to determine the reasons for a turn to neo-grec in the South of Russia, to identify and analyze neo-grec buildings in the cities of Rostov-on-Don and Yessentuki, to examine their composition and décor, to identify their ancient prototypes, to differentiate constant and variable elements in the architecture of the Neo-Grec.
Evolutionary Development of the Master Plan of Russian Fortresses, for Example, the City of Orenburg
Authors: Klimova Yulia V. , Shumilkin Sergey M.
Published: September 2018

The article analyzes and establishes the main features of the planning development of the strategically important for Russia city of Orenburg, located on the border of the country with Kazakhstan and serving as an outpost since its foundation in the middle of the XVIII century. The author outlines the characteristic features of the evolution of the city's master plans: all city plans (from the middle of the eighteenth to the beginning of the 19th century) were considered, development of town-planning principles of classicism, which became the basis for further development of the city, continues to this day.
Architectural and Artistic Activity as a Condition of the Development of the Existential Sphere of Students
Authors: Zakharova Natalia Yu. , Protopopova Irina V.
Published: September 2018

In this article we consider the interdependencies of the forms of psychological activity with the organization of the architectural space, the problem of the difference in perception and interpretation of architectural forms by both the consumer and the professional architect. The art of future masters of architecture, his/her visualization abilities, also ecological friendliness depend on his/her maturity in all spheres of individual development, as well as the level of development of the existential sphere of his/her personality.
Ecological Trends in Modern City Architecture
Authors: Lapina Anastasia P. , Saibel Angelica V. , Rozen Marina V. , Yazyeva Svetlana B.
Published: September 2018

In this article there are considered such trends in the architecture as biopositivity and archophytomelioration. These trends are consisting in a creation of additional green areas (on the walls or roofs of buildings) what is especially important under the conditions of contemporary world (growth rates of Earth population, construction activities and vegetation clearance). There is also considered a permanent agriculture. The authors are making conclusions concerning advantages and disadvantages of such measures under the point of view both comfort and aesthetics and their economic feasibility.
Light Guide as the Element of Natural Lighting in the Industrial Architecture
Authors: Yashin Egor Yu. , Feoktistova Oksana G. , Vechtomov Pavel O.
Published: September 2018

The matters of providing the requirements for workplace illumination are considered in the article. Attention is paid to the creation of natural lighting by the means of light conductors. The process of calculation of such structures is developed and presented. The authors have developed the programme, which determines coefficient of natural lightening according to the Lambert's law during the use of direct hollow tubular light conductors.
Problems of Reconstruction of Historical Center of the City
Authors: Subbotin Oleg S.
Published: September 2018

There were considered the distinctive features of the historical center of the city, its cultural and artistic value. Attention is drawn to the fact that the space of this center reflects the most important features of the historical character of the city. The object and the subject of the research, as well as the purpose, objectives and methods of research were set. There were determined the complex of measures which are necessary to carry out the reconstructive arrangements. There were analyzed the main actions which are necessary to implement the regeneration of historical residential areas. The great attention was paid to the problems of preservation of architectural-construction heritage, interaction of all participants of architectural activity in the present context.
Architectural and Planning Principles of Organization and Reconstruction of Coastal Areas
Authors: Subbotin Oleg S.
Published: September 2018

The article is devoted to the seaside and riverine territories, which are an integral part of urban and rural settlements. The relevance of the research problem is conditioned to a number of problems corresponding to the current moment in these territories including negative consequences as a result of urban development. The main objectives of the research were outlined, in particular the collection of factual data that allow the appropriate monitoring. Special attention is paid to the architectural transformation of coastal areas, identification of principles by which this transformation must be performed. The practical significance of the presented work is that the results of the study can be used in the development of urban planning documents, namely the projects of complex and local reconstruction of coastal areas.
Sun Protection of Buildings: Stages and Perspectives of Development
Authors: Karaseva Larisa V.
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the evolution of sun protection of buildings: from traditional shading devices to innovative techniques of dynamic architecture. Special attention is paid to the development of sun protection devices in the XX century and ignoring solar geometry in the works of masters of new architecture. The problem of energy saving has required architects to return to the means of protecting buildings from solar radiation heat. Modern innovative technologies have led to the emergence of a new generation of means of solar radiation control in buildings.
The Russian experience of sun shading devices application is considered on an example Rostov-on-Don.
Postmodern and Social Problems of Cities
Authors: Sorokin Gennady V. , Eroshenko Tatyana I. , Fedoseenkov Alexander V. , Malyshev Alexander V.
Published: September 2018

Today it is possible to speak about a postmodern sociology. It is based on the number of provisions reflecting the general level of social and humanitarian knowledge as well the provisions formulated on the ground of the theoretical studies analysis on postmodernism performed. In its diverse manifestations the postmodern paradigm essentially turns into an independent cognitive and theoretical-ideological entity that influences mainly the development of the already existing sociological concepts and arises their new models or modalities. The mono-city is the element of the self-organising social being fabric that is the subject of social synergies. The cognitive and heuristic element of joining social, economic and political problems and the prospects for the development of single-tooth cities can be classified as "fractal". The social world consists of many things that are the processes of formation, and in fact are fractals. The degradation of modern Russia in the social, political and economic sense is an indicator of the destruction of single-tooth cities in the conditions of the modern socio-demographic structure within the framework of the postmodern "end of history".
Personal Freedom and Identity Representation Performance in Modern Urban Subculture
Authors: Timashova Maria V.
Published: September 2018

Conglomerations of modern cities are becoming increasingly fractional/disintegrated. An urban person turns into a special type of a person called “homo urbis”, capable of living in a "stone jungle" of performance, in a dense concentration of urban culture objects and amongst the most heterogeneous human mass. The modern civilizational paradigm predetermines the dynamics of the processes of socio-cultural personal identity formation performance in urban culture environment, as well as its globalization and glocalization. The very phenomenon of personal identity in modern urban culture falls into the spectrum of multiple "identities", its evolutionary and critical performance processes. All socio-cultural and civilizational interactions of urban cultural environment are mixed up in existential contradictions. Clear and distinct bases of the traditional world are giving way to civilizationally complex chaos, diverse cultural multilayer and their intricate interlacement. The coexistence of numerous axiological patterns, stereotypes, narratives and metanarratives of the city result in colossal ideological and spiritual tension, where a person has been considered the core of the concentration of the crisis problems since the Socratic anthropological turn. In this connection, the problem of determination and creation of an urban personality, by all means, should be supplemented with the most important heuristic and ontological component – the search for personal identity, as the correlation of the ever-forming civilizational mass of existence with the process of self-reflection of an individual.
The Architectural Heritage of the Balkars
Authors: Sultanova Amina M.
Published: September 2018

In the given article the historically established typology of the Balkarian dwelling, which differs by a number of special, traditional features related to the constructional and architectural plan is considered as well as ethnically specific types and varieties of dwellings evolved over many centuries under the conditions of a peculiar historical, geographical and socioeconomic situation.The layout and dimensions of the dwellings in all the gorges of Balkaria were almost identical, the constructive decisions of individual parts of the buildings, the methods of erecting walls, roofs, and building materials were different.
Economy Class Hotels on the Cities Embankments
Authors: Klochko Asmik R.
Published: September 2018

Today, accommodation of economy class hotels on the city embankments has turned into a stable trend, which can make these cities more attractive for tourists, therefore this issue requires systematic and professional study. The article considers international experience and urgent issues concerning formation of public zones on the embankments, common architectural principles of coastal zone development, specifics and international experience in architectural arrangement of floating hotels, condition for interaction of water spaces and structure of these hotels. Insufficient legislative support for such sites has been identified, therefore current hotel regulatory environment needs to be revised and adapted to existing realities.
Architecture of One-Apsidal Churches of North Black Sea Coast VI-XII c.
Authors: Pishchulina Viktoria V.
Published: September 2018

A one-apsidal hall church is always a reflection of so-called “vulgar” Christianity, thus revealing the important peculiarities of the spatial culture of the region where it is erected. In this region we can mark two periods when such temples were built: VI-VII c. and X-XII c. The first period is associated with the missionary activity by Byzantine Empire, Antioch, Caucasian Albania which was conditioned by both geopolitical interests (Byzantian Empire, Antioch) and the shift of The Great Silk Way to the north (Caucasian Albania). The second, as the research has shown, is connected with the migration of the peoples of Abkhazia, the abzakhs to this territory in the XII-XIII c. and the development of contacts with the Crimea. In the North Black Sea Region the one-apsidal hall church appears as early as in the VI c. – in the territory of Abkhazia we know about ten such temples. The temples of this type in the area of Big Sochi are dated back to the VII-VIII c. In the first Abhzaian temples we can reveal the influence of denominational centers – Byzantian Empire, Antioch, Caucasian Albania. In the temples of the Black Sea coast of both periods – introduction of the samples from Abkhazia.