bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The OPCML Tumor Suppressor Functions as a Cell Surface Repressor–Adaptor, Negatively Regulating Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: McKie Arthur B. , Vaughan Sebastian , Zanini Elisa , Okon Imoh S. , Louis Louay , de Sousa Camila , Greene Mark I. , Wang Qiang , Agarwal Roshan , Shaposhnikov Dmitry , Wong Joshua L. C. , Gungor Hatice , Janczar Szymon , El-Bahrawy Mona , Lam Eric W-F. , Chayen Naomi E. , Gabra Hani
Published: February 2012

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy, and its molecular basis is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that opioid binding protein cell adhesion molecule (OPCML) was frequently epigenetically inactivated in epithelial ovarian cancers, with tumor suppressor function in vitro and in vivo. Here, we further show the clinical relevance of OPCML and demonstrate that OPCML functions by a novel mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and normal ovarian surface epithelial cells by regulating a specific repertoire of receptor tyrosine kinases: EPHA2, FGFR1, FGFR3, HER2, and HER4. OPCML negatively regulates receptor tyrosine kinases by binding their extracellular domains, altering trafficking via nonclathrin-dependent endocytosis, and promoting their degradation via a polyubiquitination-associated proteasomal mechanism leading to signaling and growth inhibition. Exogenous recombinant OPCML domain 1–3 protein inhibited the cell growth of epithelial ovarian cancers cell in vitro and in vivo in 2 murine ovarian cancer intraperitoneal models that used an identical mechanism. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of OPCML-mediated tumor suppression and provide a proof-of-concept for recombinant OPCML protein therapy in epithelial ovarian cancers.

Significance: The OPCML tumor suppressor negatively regulates a specific spectrum of receptor tyrosine kinases in ovarian cancer cells by binding to their extracellular domain and altering trafficking to a nonclathrin, caveolin-1–associated endosomal pathway that results in receptor tyrosine kinase polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Recombinant OPCML domain 1–3 recapitulates this mechanism and may allow for the implementation of an extracellular tumor-suppressor replacement strategy. Cancer Discovery; 2(2); 156–71. © 2012 AACR.

Read the Commentary on this article by Wu and Sood, p. 115.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 95.
Cancers of the Colon and Rectum: Identical or Fraternal Twins?
Authors: Hong Theodore S. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Haigis Kevin M.
Published: February 2012

Colorectal cancer represents a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, with approximately 1.2 million cases and 600,000 deaths worldwide each year. Because of the anatomic continuity of the colon into the rectum, cancers affecting these organs have historically been considered equivalent. In this Prospective, we discuss the clinical and experimental data suggesting that colon cancer and rectal cancer are highly related, but distinct, diseases. Reconsidering the relationship between these cancers has implications for the development of new therapeutic paradigms. Cancer Discovery; 2(2); 117–21. ©2012 AACR.
Synergistic Effects of Combination Treatment with Bortezomib and Doxorubicin in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Lines
Authors: Du Bo-Yu , Song Wei , Bai Lu , Shen Yan , Miao Shi-Ying , Wang Lin-Fang
Published: February 2012

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in infants. Currently, the mainstay of NB chemotherapy is combination treatment with some traditional drugs, but these combination regimens are always inefficient. Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of a combination of doxorubicin and bortezomib, a novel anticancer drug and the first prote-asome inhibitor approved for the treatment of human malignant tumors, on the proliferation of two human NB cell lines, SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y. The general mechanism underlying this combined effect was also investigated. Synergistic inhibitory effects on human NB cell proliferation were evaluated using the median-effect principle. The pro-apoptotic effects of these drugs were evaluated using double staining with annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide. Results: Synergistic inhibitory effects on proliferation were observed when a combination of bortezomib and doxorubicin was applied to cultured NB cells. A similar synergistic effect on apoptosis was also observed when the two drugs were used concurrently, which suggested that the possible mechanism underlying the observed synergistic inhibitory effect might be related to apoptosis. Conclusion: The combination of bortezomib and doxorubicin appears to be a promising strategy to treat NB.
Nutrition and Acne: Therapeutic Potential of Ketogenic Diets
Authors: Paoli A. , Grimaldi K. , Toniolo L. , Canato M. , Bianco A. , Fratter A.
Published: February 2012

The influence of nutrition on skin health is a growing research area but the findings of various studies on the effect of diet on the development of acne have often been contradictory. The general opinion among researchers has oscillated between two different, opposing positions: that diet either is or is not a key factor for acne development. This review examines the evidence supporting an influence of various dietary components on the development of acne particularly focusing on the role played by carbohydrates. The physiological and biochemical effects of the ketogenic diet are examined from this perspective and mechanisms will be proposed via which this type of diet could have a role in the treatment of acne.
RETRACTED: Polymorphisms in the 5-HTTLPR Gene Mediate Storage Capacity of Visual Working Memory
Authors: Anderson David E. , Bell Theodore A. , Awh Edward
Published: February 2012

By the request of the authors, the following two research articles will be retracted from the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience:

1. Anderson, D. E., Ester, E. F., Klee, D., Vogel, E. K., & Awh, E. (2014). Electrophysiological evidence for failures of item individuation in crowded visual displays. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 26(10), 2298– 2309. https://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00649.

2. Anderson, D. E., Bell, T. A., & Awh, E. (2012). Polymorphisms in the 5-HTTLPR gene mediate storage capacity of visual working memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(5), 1069–1076. https://dx.doi. org/10.1162/jocn_a_00207.

On August 1, 2015, the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) announced a settlement agreement with David E. Anderson, the Respondent (http://ori.hhs.gov/content/ case-summary-anderson-david). On the basis of the Respondent’s admission and an analysis by the University of Oregon, ORI concluded that the Respondent had engaged in research misconduct by falsifying and/or fabricating data in four publications. Those publications were retracted immediately after the release of the ORI findings.

Since that time, additional problems have been discovered with Article 1 above. Data points shown in Figure 8 were removed without justification and in contradiction to the analytic approach described in the methods and results. In light of this discovery and of the previous ORI findings, authors Bell and Awh no longer have confidence in the integrity of the data in Article 2. For these reasons, all authors on both articles (including the Respondent) have agreed to the retraction of Articles 1 and 2 above.
Changes in the Observed Trends in Extreme Temperatures over China around 1990
Authors: Qi Li , Wang Yuqing
Published: February 2012

Based on the daily temperature data from weather stations in China, linear trends of the seasonal mean and extreme temperatures in summer and winter are analyzed and compared for the periods of 1960–89 and 1990–2009. The results show prominent changes in those trends since the early 1990s, in particular in winter—a signal of climate shift as previously identified. The changes, however, are found to be strongly region dependent.

In summer, both seasonal mean and extreme temperatures show a considerable cooling trend in central China and a warming trend in north and south China before 1990. After 1990 all temperature indices show significant warming trends throughout China with the largest trend up to 4.47°C (10 yr)−1 in north China. In winter in north China, with the most prominent warming trend during 1960–89, there is a significant cooling trend in both the seasonal mean temperature and the cold temperature indices after 1990. The warming trends over the Tibetan Plateau are substantially enhanced since 1990. All indices for the diurnal temperature range (DTR) show consistent decreasing trends in both summer and winter throughout China before 1990 while they turn to increasing trends in northeast China in summer and over the Tibetan Plateau in winter after 1990. The annual temperature range displays a decreasing trend throughout China before 1990 while it is dominated by an increasing trend after 1990 except over the Tibetan Plateau and in a narrow band along the Yangtze River. Possible mechanisms for the observed trend changes are discussed.
What is a mental illness? Public views and their effects on attitudes and disclosure
Authors: Rüsch Nicolas , Evans-Lacko Sara , Thornicroft Graham
Published: February 2012

Objective:

‘Mental illness’ is a common label. However, the general public may or may not consider various conditions, ranging from major psychiatric disorders to stress, as mental illnesses. It is unclear how such public views affect attitudes towards people with mental illness and reactions to one’s own potential mental illness, e.g. in terms of help-seeking or disclosure.

Methods:

In representative English population surveys the classification of six conditions (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, drug addiction, stress, grief) as a mental illness was assessed as well as attitudes towards, and contact with, people with mental illness, intentions to disclose a mental illness and to seek treatment.

Results:

A factor analysis of how strongly respondents perceived the six conditions as a mental illness yielded two factors: (i) major psychiatric disorders and (ii) stress- and behaviour-related conditions including drug addiction. In regression analyses, higher scores on the first, but not the second, factor predicted less perceived responsibility of people with mental illness for their actions, and more support for a neurobiological illness model and help-seeking. Classifying stress-related/behaviour-related conditions as mental illnesses, as well as not referring to major psychiatric disorders as mental illnesses, was associated with more negative attitudes and increased social distance, but also with stronger intentions to disclose a mental illness to an employer. Negative attitudes and social distance were also related to ethnic minority status and lower social grade.

Conclusions:

Referring to major psychiatric disorders as mental illnesses may reflect higher mental health literacy, better attitudes towards people with mental illness and help-seeking. A broader concept of mental illness could, although increasing negative attitudes, facilitate disclosure in the workplace. Public views on what is a mental illness may have context-dependent effects and should be taken into account in anti-stigma campaigns.
Compliance on the American Board of Pediatrics Certifying Examination and the Importance of Location and Size on Pass Rates
Authors: Falcone John L.
Published: February 2012

Objective. To describe residency program compliance to a 60% pass rate and 80% eligibility standard outlined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) on the American Board of Pediatrics Certifying Examination. The hypothesis is that larger programs will have higher pass rates. Methods. Pediatric residency programs were retrospectively evaluated from 2008 to 2010 regarding the ACGME standards. Simple linear regression was performed to see if program pass rates were dependent on program size. Results. A total of 162/163 (83.4%) programs had first-time examinee pass rates of 60%. A total of 179/193 (92.7%) programs satisfied the 80% eligibility standard. The Northeast performed lower than Midwest, Southern, and Western states ( P < .001). The West performed higher than the Northeast, Midwest, and Southern states ( p < 0.05). Simple linear regression showed that performance depends on program size ( P < .001). Conclusions. A majority of programs satisfy the minimum ACGME standards. Program performance is associated with program size and location. These findings may alter application patterns to pediatric residency programs.
Stress-strain behavior of carbon filament yarns under high strain rates
Authors: Younes Ayham , Sankaran Vignaesh , Seidel André , Waldmann Martin , Cherif Chokri , Hausding Jan
Published: February 2012

Fiber-reinforced composites used in numerous technical applications have to meet the ever increasing safety requirements. Resistance to extreme stress under high velocity impact loads assumes even greater significance. Previous studies on the behavior of fiber-reinforced composites under impact loads provide little insight about the properties of filament yarns, a basis for many composite applications. Hence this paper focuses on the development of a suitable test method for performing high speed tensile tests on all filament yarn types, and the acquisition and analysis of the test results. This will enable the derivation of material models for their usage in the field of composites applications. Initially, the widely used carbon fiber filament yarns have been tested. The conclusive test results with a reduced yarn clamp mass and high stiffness of the test apparatus indicate that tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of carbon filament yarns increase with higher strain rates.
Intersubjectivity and evaluations of justice
Authors: Pereira Gustavo
Published: February 2012

The capability approach assigns a central role to the contexts within which social interactions take place, which make individual liberty achievable. However, an auxiliary concept is necessary to explain the contexts of collective action more accurately. In this paper I shall present Taylor’s concept of irreducibly social goods as a supplement to the capability approach. I shall also introduce the concept of hermeneutics as a strategy suitable for evaluating which capabilities are to be considered valid, as an alternative to aggregative methodologies. This conceptual development at the core of the capability approach demands to be framed by a normative criterion that enables us to distinguish between emancipatory and conservative contexts of social action; for that purpose I make use of the subject idealization that Honneth and Anderson present.
China White
Authors: Arnoldi Jakob , Lash Scott
Published: February 2012

This article reflects on some themes in Harrison White’s work in the context of China, where the social and cultural construction of markets is quite literal. We explore how we get markets where previously there were no markets and draw on White’s central themes of ‘uncertainty’, ‘value’ and ‘order’. We maintain a distinction, with White and with Frank Knight, of risk, on the one hand, and uncertainty, on the other, where ‘risk’ has to do with entities that are in principle insurable or calculable and ‘uncertainty’ has to do with what is not calculable/insurable. An entrepreneur’s decision to enter a market, to invest in and enter a production market, entails what White calls a ‘commitment to facilities’. This, for White and Knight, is inherently incalculable, and hence uncertain.
Aspergillus Infection and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support
Authors: Garcia Xiomara , Mian A. , Mendiratta P. , Gupta Punkaj , Rycus P. , Prodhan P.
Published: February 2012

Background:

The clinical characteristics of patients with Aspergillus isolation while supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) remain unclear.

Objectives:

We present a case report of angioinvasive Aspergillus infection on an infant supported on ECMO and also investigate outcomes among patients with Aspergillus infection reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry.

Design:

Case report and retrospective analysis of ELSO registry data set from 1985 to 2009.

Setting:

One hundred and seventy ECMO centers contributing data to the ELSO registry.

Patients:

Single case report and patients 0 to 90 years of age with Aspergillus infection requiring ECMO support as reported to the ELSO registry.

Methods:

Besides presenting details of our institutional case, we compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between pediatric and adult patients with Aspergillus isolation. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality were investigated. Kaplan-Meier estimates for freedom from death on ECMO for pediatric and adult patients were investigated.

Measurements and Main Results:

( a) we report a case with Aspergillus supported on ECMO, ( b) the ELSO registry yielded 46 patients with 59% (n = 27) in the pediatric data set (≤20 years of age) and 41% (n = 19) in the adult data set (>20 years of age) with Aspergillus infection requiring ECMO support. Overall survival to hospital discharge was 30% (14/46) with 22% (6/27) in children as compared to 42% (8/18) in adults ( P = .19). Table 1 shows a comparison of clinical characteristics between children and adults. The comparison between adults and pediatric groups differed significantly in age ( P = .0001), more use of venoarterial ECMO in children ( P = .028). The median age of pediatric group was 1.95 years (range 0-17.3 years) versus 30.2 years (range 22-60 years) among adults.

Conclusions:

Aspergillus infection/colonization is associated with a 70% overall mortality among patients supported on ECMO. The ELSO registry data confirms that Aspergillus infection among ECMO supported patients occurs often in hosts who do not have known immunodeficiencies. The case stresses the need for a high level of suspicion for Aspergillus infection in nonimproving lung disease in patients on ECMO support.
ICU Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Green Deborah M. , Burns Joseph D. , DeFusco Christina M.
Published: February 2012

Introduction. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has very high morbidity and mortality rates. Optimal intensive care unit (ICU) management requires knowledge of the potential complications that occur in this patient population. Methods. Review of the ICU management of SAH. Level of evidence for specific recommendations is provided. Results. Grading scales utilizing clinical factors and brain imaging studies can help in determining prognosis and are reviewed. Misdiagnosis of SAH is fairly common so the clinical symptoms and signs of SAH are summarized. The ICU management of SAH is discussed beginning with a focus on avoiding aneurysm re-rupture and securing the aneurysm, followed by a review of the neurologic and medical complications that may occur after the aneurysm is secured. Detailed treatment strategies and areas of current and future research are reviewed. Conclusions. The ICU management of the patient with SAH can be particularly challenging and requires an awareness of all potential neurologic and medical complications and their urgent treatments.
Impact of Internet Literacy, Internet Addiction Symptoms, and Internet Activities on Academic Performance
Authors: Leung Louis , Lee Paul S. N.
Published: February 2012

This study examines the interrelationships among Internet literacy, Internet addiction symptoms, Internet activities, and academic performance. Data were gathered from a probability sample of 718 children and adolescents, aged 9–19, in Hong Kong, using face-to-face interviews. Regression results show that adolescent Internet addicts tended to be male, in low-income families, and not confident in locating, browsing, and accessing information from multiple resources, but that they were technologically savvy and frequent users of social networking sites (SNS) and online games for leisure. Contrary to what was hypothesized, Internet literacy, especially in publishing and technology, increases—not decreases—the likelihood of someone getting addicted to the Internet. As expected, Internet activities, especially SNS and online games, were significantly and positively linked to Internet addiction as well as to all Internet addiction symptoms. This finding suggests that leisure-oriented Internet activities can be much more addictive than other applications such as communicating by e-mail or browsing webpages. Furthermore, the higher subjects scored on tool and social-structural literacy, the better their academic performance would be; however, technical literacy skills, such as publishing and technology literacy, were not significant predictors for academic performance. This indicates that adolescents who can locate, browse, and access different information resources and who are knowledgable about the context under which the information was created performed better both in overall grades and in academic competence.
Socialization or Self-Selection? Membership in Deliberative Associations and Political Attitudes
Authors: Quintelier Ellen
Published: February 2012

Since de Tocqueville’s visit to the United States, it has become common knowledge that people in civic associations are more civic minded: They display higher levels of political interest, tolerance, and social and political trust. The question remains, however, whether young people are socialized through associations or self-select into associations. This article aims to untangle this relationship, using a representative panel of 16- and 18-year-old Belgian students by focusing on deliberative associations. The results show that both self-selection and socialization effects play a role with respect to political interest but not for other political attitudes and that long-lasting engagement and membership in multiple associations have the strongest socializing effect.
Volunteerism Research
Authors: Wilson John
Published: February 2012

I use a volunteer process model to organize a review of recent research on volunteerism, focusing mainly on journal articles reporting survey research results. Scholars from several different disciplines and countries have contributed to a body of work that is becoming more theoretically sophisticated and methodologically rigorous. The first stage of the process model—antecedents of volunteering—continues to attract the most attention but more and more scholars are paying attention to the third stage, the consequences of volunteering, particularly with respect to health benefits. The middle stage—the experience of volunteering—remains somewhat neglected, particularly the influence of the social context of volunteer work on the volunteer’s satisfaction and commitment.
The Construct of Organizational Effectiveness
Authors: Mitchell George E.
Published: February 2012

Scholars have long debated how best to define organizational effectiveness in the nonprofit sector. Throughout the academic literature on this topic various “models of organizational effectiveness” have been proposed. These models are often derived from conceptual analyses or empirical studies of stakeholder judgments. I instead take a descriptive approach by directly asking a large sample of nonprofit leaders how their organizations define effectiveness. A mixed-method analysis of in-depth, face-to-face interviews with top leaders of international nonprofits across the United States identifies two distinct definitions of organizational effectiveness. Most leaders define effectiveness as “outcome accountability,” whereas a smaller number define effectiveness as “overhead minimization.” I conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for academic scholarship about nonprofit effectiveness as well as for popular efforts aimed at improving the overall accountability and efficiency of the U.S. nonprofit sector.
Optimization of surface roughness and thickness of white layer in wire electrical discharge machining of DIN 1.4542 stainless steel using micro-genetic algorithm and signal to noise ratio techniques
Authors: Shahali Hesam , Yazdi M Reza Soleymani , Mohammadi Aminollah , Iimanian Ehsan
Published: February 2012

DIN 1.4542 alloy is one of the most important hardening stainless steel alloys used in the aerospace industries. Wire electrical discharge machining is a suitable process for accurate shaping and is used in situations where complex shapes or hard materials need to be machined. However, wire electrical discharge machining generates surfaces that have poor surface integrity properties, such as high surface roughness and white layer. Based on our knowledge and information, it has never been investigated so far. So, in this experimental research, effects of machining parameters, such as the power, time-off, voltage and servo and number of finish passes on the surface integrity (i.e. the surface roughness and maximum thickness of white layer) were investigated by using analysis of variance and regression analysis. Then the optimization of machining parameters was carried out using a signal-to-noise ratio and micro-genetic algorithm methods. Finally, confirmation tests were conducted to verify the performance of the optimization methods. From the results, significant effects of the discharge current and number of finish passes on the surface roughness and thickness of white layer can be seen. Based on the micro-genetic algorithm optimization method, a reduction of 52% and 67% in the surface roughness and thickness of white layer, respectively, is observed.
Nonlinear lithium-ion diffusion dynamics conscious power management strategy in hybrid electric vehicles for battery downsizing
Authors: Lee Tae-Kyung , Filipi Zoran S
Published: February 2012

This paper proposes a battery power management strategy using the estimated lithium-ion concentration in the electrodes to prevent battery over-charging and over-discharging under aggressive driving conditions. Excessive battery operation is moderated by adjusting the allowable battery power limits through the feedback of information on the electrode-averaged lithium-ion concentration estimated by the extended Kalman filter. Uneven discretization of the radii of the solid electrode particles is used in the extended Kalman filter to reduce the computation effort. Safe battery operation with a relatively small size of the battery is possible with the proposed battery power management strategy by preventing extreme conditions, thus providing more flexibility for the development of robust and cost-effective hybrid electric vehicles.
Transformational Leadership and Karma-Yoga: Enhancing Followers’ Duty-orientation and Indifference to Rewards*
Authors: Mulla Zubin R. , Krishnan Venkat R.
Published: February 2012

This article attempts to validate James MacGregor Burns’s hypothesis that transformational leaders raise followers to higher levels of morality. Morality in the Indian context is conceptualised as Karma-Yoga, the Indian work ideal. Karma-Yoga is defined as a technique for performing actions such that the soul is not bound by the results of the actions and is operationalised in the form of three dimensions, viz., duty-orientation, indifference to rewards and equanimity. We hypothesised that transformational leaders move followers towards the Indian work ideal, that is, Karma-Yoga, and this relationship is moderated by the duration of the leader–follower relationship and the frequency of leader–follower interaction. We studied 329 executives across India. Regression analysis showed that transformational leadership was significantly related to two of the three dimensions of Karma-Yoga (viz., duty-orientation and indifference to rewards). Analysis of split samples of high/low duration of leader–follower relationship and high/low frequency of leader–follower interaction showed that the duration of leader–follower relationship and frequency of leader–follower inter-action moderated the relationship between transformational leadership and follower’s Karma-Yoga such that high duration of leader–follower relationship and high frequency of leader–follower interaction enhanced the impact of transformational leadership on follower’s Karma-Yoga.
The Therapeutic Prison
Authors: Smith Paula , Schweitzer Myrinda
Published: February 2012

Since the founding of the penitentiary, the hope has persisted that incarceration could serve reformative purposes. This intent to create a truly therapeutic prison is no longer a utopian dream. A theoretically informed and evidence-based approach for designing a correctional institution that delivers effective interventions is now available: the Correctional Program Assessment Inventory (CPAI). In this context, the current essay illuminates how the CPAI can be used to guide the development of a prison whose goals and practices advance offender rehabilitation.
The Accountable Prison
Authors: Cullen Francis T. , Jonson Cheryl Lero , Eck John E.
Published: February 2012

Despite being used on a massive scale and consuming huge amounts of the public treasury, prisons have largely failed to reduce offender recidivism. This failure persists both because of archaic beliefs that prisons cannot affect future behavior and because nobody is held accountable for inmate reoffending. Building on lessons from the field of policing, we propose a new era of accountability in corrections—an era in which prison wardens and other correctional officials are mandated to reduce inmate recidivism and are rewarded for doing so. Through a restructuring of incentives, the aim is to create in corrections a sustained interest in making offenders less likely to commit new crimes. More broadly, this approach is intended to transform correctional institutions into “accountable prisons” where concern over offenders’ future community conduct rivals concern over their daily institutional conduct.
Analysis of longitudinal and torsional resonance vibrations of a piezoelectrically excited bar by introducing piezoelectric loss coefficients
Authors: Bai Yang , Tuncdemir Safakcan , Guo Jifeng , Uchino Kenji
Published: February 2012

In this study, a method to develop a resonance vibration model of a piezo-bar with slanted ceramics is presented by considering piezoelectric loss coefficients. The vibration model reported here predicts natural frequencies and mode shapes for longitudinal and torsional modes. Analytical results for the longitudinal and torsional vibration displacements were formulated as a function of material and geometric properties. Parametrical analysis of the resonance vibration modes and the explicit solution of the vibration displacement provide a tool for improving the design and developing control schemes for devices such as ultrasonic motors that utilize this structure. Model calculations were compared with ATILA™ finite element analysis simulations and good agreements were found. The model and the formulas to find the resonance frequencies and to calculate the vibration displacement were verified for different design parameters. Although the model was developed for a slanted ceramic stator of a multimode ultrasonic motor, the method to develop the model can be utilized for other single-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric ceramic applications.
Unusual field-coupled nonlinear continuum mechanics of smart materials
Authors: Oates William S , Wang Hongbo , Sierakowski Robert L
Published: February 2012

A set of anisotropic constitutive relations is developed using nonlinear continuum mechanics to model chemical and field-coupled material behavior in a relatively broad range of smart materials. A Landau-based free energy function is formulated and numerically implemented to elucidate how finite deformation and crystal anisotropy affect field-coupled deformation and how deformation affects microstructure evolution. Rotationally invariant order parameters are introduced within the Landau energy function to illustrate how field-coupled mechanics occurs without introducing explicit phenomenological parameters. Spontaneous deformation due to scalar, vector, and tensor order parameters is quantified. It is shown that both the scalar and vector order parameters induce hydrostatic deformation, while the second-order tensor order parameter induces a range of different anisotropic spontaneous deformation states. Numerical simulations are given, which illustrate unusual field-coupled microstructure evolution for a select number of active materials in comparison with data in the literature. The materials simulated range from chemically responsive glassy polymer networks, soft polydomain liquid crystal elastomers, to tetragonal phase ferroelectric materials. The results illustrate that finite deformation continuum mechanics can be useful in modeling many unusual field-coupled, anisotropic constitutive relations without introducing explicit coupling parameters.
Causes of Thrombocytopenia in Chronic Hepatitis C Viral Infection
Authors: Osada Makoto , Kaneko Makoto , Sakamoto Minoru , Endoh Masumi , Takigawa Koichi , Suzuki-Inoue Katsue , Inoue Osamu , Satoh Kaneo , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Yatomi Yutaka , Ozaki Yukio
Published: February 2012

We retrospectively studied 89 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, including 50 chronic hepatitis (CH) cases, 18 liver cirrhosis (LC) cases, and 21 LC with hepatocellular carcinoma (LC + HCC) cases, with regard to various factors related with thrombocytopenia. The platelet count decreased with the stage advancement of liver diseases. Multiple regression analysis revealed that splenomegaly and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were explanatory variables that correlated with thrombocytopenia. Splenomegaly appears to be the most responsible factor, although there are a considerable number of thrombocytopenic cases without splenomegaly, suggesting other factors may also be responsible. The vWF level is inversely correlated with the platelet count. Soluble thrombomodulin, a marker of endothelial dysfunction, increases with the advancement of liver fibrosis. It is positively correlated with vWF and inversely with the platelet count. Our present results imply that vascular endothelial dysfunction is also involved in thrombocytopenia during chronic HCV infection.
Assessment of Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis Due to Central Venous Catheter in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Yardim Hasan , Erkoc Reha , Soyoral Yasemin Usul , Begenik Huseyin , Avcu Serhat
Published: February 2012

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the frequency of catheter-related internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis, associated factors, and the anatomical variations of IJV in hemodialysis patients. Material and methods: Hemodialysis patients were evaluated with B-mode ultrasonography (USG). Participants in the prospective group were evaluated using USG prior to catheter insertion, 10 days after catheter insertion, at the time of catheter removal, and 15 days after removal. Results: The rate of thrombosis was increased correlated with the number of catheter insertions. These rates were 14%, 15%, and 47% in those undergoing catheter insertion once, twice, and three times, respectively ( P < .05). The anatomical variations of IJV were 21% in the retrospective cases. No significant relationship was found between anatomical variations and thrombosis and between some biochemical parameters and thrombosis. Conclusion: Catheter-related IJV thrombosis is frequent in hemodialysis patients. Long catheter remaining time and repeated catheterization increase the thrombosis rate.
The 677C>T Mutation of the MTHFR Gene Increases the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Koreans and a Meta-Analysis From Asian Population
Authors: Jang Moon Ju , Jeon Young Joo , Choi Won-il , Choi Yi Seul , Kim Su Yeoun , Chong So Young , Oh Doyeun , Kim Nam Keun
Published: February 2012

The frequency of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutations varies between racial and ethnic groups, and there are also conflicting data regarding MTHFR gene mutations in Asian patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of this study was to examine the association between common MTHFR gene mutations (677C>T and 1298A>C) and risk of VTE in Koreans. This study was a retrospective case–control study. We enrolled 203 patients with VTE and 403 controls. For the 677C>T polymorphism, there was no difference in the frequency of the CT genotype and TT genotype between the patients with VTE and the controls. However, in the recessive analysis (CC + CT vs TT), the frequency of the TT genotype was significantly higher in VTE than in controls (odds ratio = 1.700; 95% confidence interval = 1.108-2.607, P = .015). In conclusion, the TT genotype of MTHFR 677C>T increases the risk of VTE in Koreans. This finding was supported by meta-analysis of previous Asian studies.
What Attributes Determine Severity of Function in Autism? A Web-Based Survey of Stakeholders
Authors: Di Rezze Briano , Rosenbaum Peter , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie
Published: February 2012

Service providers and researchers in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are challenged to categorize clinical variation in function. Classification systems for children with cerebral palsy have enabled clinicians and families to describe levels of function. A web-based survey engaged international ASD stakeholders to advise on considerations of function and constructs needed to classify functional subgroups of preschool children with ASD. All respondents ( n = 56) believed that evaluating function was important; 95% reported that function was one way to subclassify preschool children with ASD. Two domains judged most important were communication language (55%) and social function (22%). Respondent comments indicated that these domains were difficult to disentangle.
The Use of Video Modeling With the Picture Exchange Communication System to Increase Independent Communicative Initiations in Preschoolers With Autism and Developmental Delays
Authors: Cihak David F. , Smith Catherine C. , Cornett Ashlee , Coleman Mari Beth
Published: February 2012

The use of video modeling (VM) procedures in conjunction with the picture exchange communication system (PECS) to increase independent communicative initiations in preschool-age students was evaluated in this study. The four participants were 3-year-old children with limited communication skills prior to the intervention. Two of the students had been diagnosed with autism and two students exhibited developmental delays. An alternating treatments design was used to examine the effects of using VM as a priming technique to enhance the efficacy of students acquiring PECS and increasing the number of independent communicative initiations. Based on the data, the authors concluded that all students learned to use PECS and increased the number of independent communicative initiations; however, the students’ rate of learning was quicker when using VM. Conclusions are discussed in the context of using empirically based interventions to teach communication skills to students with disabilities and limited verbal skills.
Moving Beyond Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Filep Sebastian
Published: February 2012

Tourism research on topics such as happiness, quality of life of tour-ists, and tourist well-being has flourished in recent years. This literature clarifies the subjective value of tourist experiences, provides new direc-tions for tourism branding and promotion, and opens doors to fresh re-search on the potential benefits of tourist experiences to mental health. Subjective well-being theory has been typically used by tourism re-searchers to help conceptualize and measure tourist happiness. In lay terms, this theory suggests that happiness is life satisfaction and pleas-ure; the theory is popular and useful but cannot explain tourist happi-ness. To craft a more complete picture of tourist happiness, a deeper qualitative appreciation of meaningful tourist experiences and special and engaging tourist moments is required. This brief critique highlights the problems of conceptualizing tourist happiness and suggests an al-ternative approach to the subjective well-being theory.
Whose aesthetics? Public, professional and pupil perceptions of music education
Authors: Pitts Stephanie
Published: February 2012

This paper considers views of music education from beyond the mainstream of academic discussion, focusing on three areas: 1) recent media discussion of the neurological effects of music learning; 2) surveys of professional reflections on the role and identity of the music teacher; and 3) pupils' perspectives on the music curriculum, including their suggestions for its modification. It is concluded that these diverse sources, often neglected in research reviews, offer a diversity of purposes and values for music education, whilst sharing a commitment to its place in the lives of young people. Further research is called for, which recognises the validity of these multiple perspectives, and draws attention to the wealth of experience and expertise to be found in everyday teaching and learning in music.
'It's cool because we like to sing:' Junior High School Boys' Experience of Choral Music as an Elective
Authors: Kennedy Mary A.
Published: February 2012

This study examines the participation of junior high school boys in choral music. Informants were eleven males, three females, and the teacher of a twenty-seven member grade 8/9 class at a suburban school. Data collection techniques included interview, observation, participant observation, and the examination of material culture. Data analysis involved the preparation of field notes and interview transcripts, document analysis, and study of the field note/interview text. Triangulation was achieved through the cross-referencing of informant statements and researcher observations. Four major themes emerged: motivation to join and remain in the choir; acquisition of musical skills, knowledge, and attitudes; repertoire preferences; and perception of the choral experience. Factors motivating boys' membership in choir were love of singing, teacher influence, and peer influence. Boy choristers were musically skilled, knowledgeable and articulate. They had clear though varied repertoire preferences. Perceived benefits from choir membership are discussed according to musical, non-musical, social, and teacher aspects.
Engaging with Theories of Dialogue and Voice: Using Bakhtin as a Framework to Understand Teaching and Learning Indigenous Australian Women's Performance
Authors: Mackinlay Elizabeth
Published: February 2012

In this paper I explore the Indigenous Australian women's performance classroom (hereafter ANTH2120) as a dialectic and discursive space where the location of possibility is opened for female Indigenous performers to enter into a dialogue from and between both non-Indigenous and Indigenous voices. The work of Bakhtin on dialogue serves as a useful standpoint for understanding the multiple speaking positions and texts in the ANTH2120 context. Bakhtin emphasizes performance, history, actuality and the openness of dialogue to provide an important framework for analysing multiple speaking positions and ways of making meaning through dialogue between shifting and differing subjectivities. I begin by briefly critiquing Bakhtin's “dialogic imagination” and consider the application and usefulness of concepts such as dialogism, heteroglossia and the utterance to understanding the ANTH2120 classroom as a polyphonic and discursive space. I then turn to an analysis of dialogue in the ANTH2120 classroom and primarily situate my gaze on an examination of the interactions that took place between the voices of myself as family/teacher/student and senior Yanyuwa women from the r e m o t e N o r t h e r n T e r r i t o r y A b o r i g i n a l c o m m u n i t y o f B o r r o l o o l a as family/performers/teachers. The 2000 and 2001 Yanyuwa women's performance workshops will be used as examples of the way power is constantly shifting in this dialogue to allow particular voices to speak with authority, and for others to remain silent as roles and relationships between myself and the Yanyuwa women change. Conclusions will be drawn regarding how my subject positions and white race privilege affect who speaks, who listens and on whose terms, and further, the efficacy of this pedagogical platform for opening up the location of possibility for Indigenous Australian women to play a powerful part in the construction of knowledges about women's performance traditions.
An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Recommended Research Publication for Music Educators
Authors: Price Harry E.
Published: February 2012

An annotated bibliography of selected, recommended research publication for music educators.
Perceptions Of An Instrumental Music Teacher Regarding Mentoring, Induction, And The First Year Of Teaching
Authors: Conway Colleen M. , Zerman Tavia E. H.
Published: February 2012

In a collaboration between teacher (Tavia Zerman) and researcher (Colleen Conway) we examined Tavia's perceptions of mentoring, induction and teaching in the first year. Data included Tavia's handwritten journal, mentor/mentee email communication, teacher observations and interviews, principal and mentor interviews, and teacher questionnaire responses. Findings highlight the challenges faced by Tavia including being overwhelmed, working very long hours, feelings of self-doubt, isolation from other teachers, large numbers of students in classes, varying levels of student ability and content-needs, high profile public performances, and many extra-curricular responsibilities. These findings support the need for music content-related induction and mentor initiatives. Discussion includes possible transferability of these findings to other beginning music teaching settings and recommendations for teaching practice and research.
Inspecting The Teaching Of Singing In The Teacher Training Colleges Of England, Wales And Scotland 1883-1899
Authors: Cox Gordon
Published: February 2012

This paper investigates the links between the teaching of singing, training and inspection during the late Victorian era. It utilises as a primary source the annual inspection reports of the music inspector, Sir John Stainer. More specifically it focuses upon the musical background of the students in the training colleges of England, Wales and Scotland, the methods employed to teach sight singing and voice production, the vocal repertoire and preparation for the teaching of singing in schools. Finally, some comparison is made with the present day and the relationship between the teaching of singing, training and inspection.
Shaping Identity Through Choral Activity: Singers' And Conductors' Perceptions
Authors: Durrant Colin
Published: February 2012

This article reports on a research project carried out in 2002, with funding from the United Kingdom's Arts and Humanities Research Board,i on choral activity and its relationship to singers' identity. Using a model of effective choral conducting (Durrant 1996; 2003) as a starting point, a connection is sought between perceptions of the conducting role and of singing in the shaping of singers' identity.

The project focused on the choral music traditions of Finland and Sweden, where choirs are noted for their fine-quality singing, imaginative use of folk music and extensive involvement. A qualitative methodology was adopted; specifically a descriptive and interpretive case study, using interviews with conductors and singers, extensive observation of choral rehearsals and, on occasions, concerts. Issues arising from the research are reported, including: the role of choral repertoire and national folk song, singers' reasons for engaging in choral activity and the role of conductors. The research confirmed (i) that the musical and interpersonal skills of the conductor are vital in the motivation of the singers, (ii) that singers identify themselves socially as well as musically with a group, (iii) that choral activity enhanced these singers' sense of national and cultural identity through use of folk traditions and a creative approach to musical practice.