bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the constancy of the speed of light in vacuum for all observers
Authors: Wagh Sanjay M.
Published: November 2018

Here, we analyze the way the measurement of the speed of light is made and show that the relativeÂ time is not implied by the constancy of the speed of light in vacuum for all observers. It is ratherÂ the â€œuniversalâ€ time that is consistent with the way the speed of light can be measured.
Effect of Temperature on Cu-doped p-ZnTe Thin-Films
Authors: Lastra G. , Olivas A. , MejÃ­a J.I. , Quevedo-LÃ³pez M.A.
Published: November 2018

In this paper we study the effect of temperature in 150 (Â±5) and 80 (Â±5) nm p-ZnTe thin- films immersed in 60 mg Cu(NO3)2-3H2O/150 ml (H2O) for 1 minute, and heated at 200 and 300 Â°C for 30 minutes. Active layers were deposited by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) at room temperature. Electrical parameters in un-doped films were around 108 Ì¶ 109 Î© and these values decreased to ~ 103Î© when the films were immersed in a Cu solution. The Cu-doped samples heated at 300 Â°C showed a completely homogeneous doping. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the orthorhombic structure at 200 and 300 Â°C.
Effect of Synthesis methods on the Properties of Magnetic Material
Authors: Haq Anwar Ul , Mushtaq Farwa , Anis-ur-Rehman M.
Published: November 2018

Ba1-xPbxFe12O19 composition (x=0.0 to 1.0) synthesized by Co-precipitation and Sol-GelÂ  methods. In Co-precipitation method BaCO3, PbO and Fe (NO3)3 .9H2O were used as basic ingredients. Acids and Di-H2OÂ  were used as solvents. Molar ratio of cations was 12.Â Â  pH of solution kept constant at 13.Â  All samples sintered at 965Â±5oC for three hours.Â  Lead own properties, synthesis at room temperature and substitution in R-block of structure were the reasons for decrease of phase purity from â€œxâ€ =0.0 to 70% for â€œxâ€=1.0. Decrease in phase purityÂ Â  and heterogeneity of material caused the properties to decrease. In Sol gel method, Nitrates (salts) and Ethylene glycol (liquid) were the basic material used. The mixed solutions dried out on a hot plate whose temperature was maintained constant at 200Â±2oC. Pellets formed by applying suitable hydraulic pressure and then sintered at same temperature written above i.e. 965Â±5oC for three hours. 100% phase purity achieved. All properties modified. Temperature and frequency dependent electrical properties investigated and reported here. DC and AC obtained properties were useful for different electronics and computer devices like capacitors, smart storage devices and multilayer chip inductors. Overall, both these properties improved through sol-gel method as compared to co-precipitation method. It was because of improvement in phase purity and change in morphology of synthesized material.Â
Particle-hole pair and beelectron states in ZnO/(Zn,Mg)O quantum wells and Dirac materials.
Authors: Lokot Lyubov E.
Published: November 2018

In this paper a theoretical studies of the space separation of electron and hole wave functions in the quantum well ZnO/Mg(0.27)Zn(0.73)O are presented. For this aim the self-consistent solution of the SchrÃ¶dinger equations for electrons and holes and the Poisson equations at the presence of spatially varying quantum well potential due to the piezoelectric effect and local exchange-correlation potential is found. The one-dimensional Poisson equation contains the Hartree potential which includes the one-dimensional charge density for electrons and holes along the polarization field distribution. The three-dimensional Poisson equation contains besides the one-dimensional charge density for electrons and holes the exchange-correlation potential which is built on convolutions of a plane-wave part of wave functions in addition. The shifts of the Hartree valence band spectrums and the conduction band spectrum with respect to the flat band spectrums as well as the Hartree-Fock band spectrums with respect to the Hartree ones are found. An overlap integrals of the wave functions of holes and electron with taking into account besides the piezoelectric effects the exchange-correlation effects in addition is greater than an overlap integral of Hartree ones. The Hartree particles distribute greater on edges of quantum well than Hartree-Fock particles. It is found that an effective mass of heavy hole of Mg(0.27)Zn(0.73)O under biaxial strain is greater than an effective-mass of heavy hole of ZnO. It is calculated that an electron mass is less than a hole mass. It is found that the Bohr radius is grater than the localization range particle-hole pair, and the excitons may be spontaneously created.SchrÃ¶dinger equation for pair of two massless Dirac particles when magnetic field is applied in Landau gauge is solved exactly. In this case the separation of center of mass and relative motion is obtained. Landau quantization $\epsilon=\pm\,B\sqrt{l}$ for pair of two Majorana fermions coupled via a Coulomb potential from massless chiral Dirac equation in cylindric coordinate is found. The root ambiguity in energy spectrum leads into Landau quantization for beelectron, when the states in which the one simultaneously exists are allowed. The tachyon solution with imaginary energy in Cooper problem ($\epsilon^{2}<0$) is found.
Effect of magnetic field during the liquid â€“ solid phase transition of some thermoplastic polymers
Authors: H Abbas , Ali A.Y. , El-Tonsy M.M. , Slimawi H.A.G. Al
Published: November 2018

Application of external fields on a polymer is common physical treatment for modifying the polymer properties. The field is applied on the final polymeric object or during synthesising or polymerization. In this work, the magnetic field from powerful permanent magnets was applied during the phase transition from liquid to solid phase, where the polymer chain inter-attraction forces are minimal. So, magnetic fields with less strength may perform valuable structural variations. It is found that magnetic field of 355 mT accelerated the spherulite growth in polyethylene glycol (PEG) films. High density polyethylene (HDPE) of zigzag chain, polypropylene (PP) of chains with side group and polystyrene (PS) as glassy polymer with ring, were magnetically treated with different field strength during their phase transition. Treated and untreated film samples were tested physically. IR- spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, DTA, DSC and tensile stress â€“ strain testing techniques were used in order to characterize, quantitatively, most types of the occurred variations if any. PS samples were casted by hot pressing and from dilute solution in magnetic field in order to detect the effect of solidification time on the size of the magnetic induced variations. Properties of treated HDPE showed little swinging about the untreated value in the field strength up to 160 mT. PP properties showed serious variations in the same range of field strength. PS films casted from dilute solution showed stronger variations than the films casted by hot pressing of the melted PS. All data are presented in coloured graphs. Spherulites images are extracted from a video clip that is used in measuring the rate of PEG spherulite growth in magnetic fields.
Modification of Pb-Sb eutectic bearing-solder alloys with bismuth additions rapidly solidified from melt
Authors: Sayed Rizk El- , W. Mahdi Bilal , El-Bediwi Abu-Bakr , Kamal Mustafa
Published: November 2018

In this work, various amounts of Bi element have been added to the eutectic Pb-Sb to form bearing- solder materials. The Pb-Sb eutectic has been produced by rapid solidification using melt spinning technique with various amounts of Bi have been added to it, in the ratio 1, 2 , 3, 4, and 5 wt.%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X- ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have been carried out.Â  Microhardness measurements were also carried out using Vickerâ€™s hardness technique.Â  The results showed that, the ternary alloys up to 4 wt.% BiÂ  have properties superior to binary eutectic material.Â Â  Bismuth up to 4wt. % increases the Youngâ€™s modulus, Vickerâ€™s hardness and decreases the electrical resistivity, internal friction and melting point.Â  The ternary Pb-13.1Sb-4Bi solder alloy has a lower melting point about 237.87 ËšC. Also, the results show that formation of Bi phase developed the mechanical properties and Vickerâ€™s hardness due to addition of Bi element.Â Â  The addition of Bi refines the crystal size of Sn in case of melt spun alloys as seen in scanning electron micrographs and X-ray diffraction.
Vibrational Spectra, Electronic Structure and Properties of the Molecules Aspirin and Ibuprofen.
Authors: Ejuh Geh Wilson , Ndikilar Chifu Ebenezar , Nya F. Tchangnwa , Samuel Nouemo , Marie Ndjaka Jean
Published: November 2018

The FT-IR Vibrational spectra analysis, electronic structures and properties of the anti-inflammatory drugs Aspirin and Ibuprofen in gas and water and ethanol have been studied by using ab initio and DFT computational calculation. The present investigation deals with the analysis of structural and bonding features responsible for biological activities, stability of the molecules, average polarizability, anisotropy, energies and the IR vibrational spectra of the molecules. The observed and the calculated vibrational frequencies are found to be in good agreement. The experimental FT-IR spectra also coincide satisfactorily with those of the theoretically constructed line spectra at the B3LYp/6-31+G* level of theory.
An Analysis of Internal Gravity Wave Tunnelling in a Stratified Region Along with Rotation
Authors: GANGAMANI H. V. , NARGUND ACHALA L , VENKATACHALAPPA M.
Published: November 2018

The internal gravity wave tunnelling in presence of earthâ€™s rotation is studiedfor different density barriers. An exponential approximation used revealsthe existence of evanescence in the barrier region which signifies the trappingof wave energy in the tunnelling region. The Transmission coefficients arecomputed for different density barriers and the comparative study shows thatacross the locally mixed region the transmission is enhanced. The asymptoticanalysis of the transmission co-efficient using the rotational parameter revealsthe convergence and the graphs shows that the transmission decreases continuouslyand leads to the non-rotating case. The results are compared with thenon-rotations case and we observe that the evanescence caused by the rotationmakes the waves travel more along the horizontal direction than in the verticaldirection.
MODELISATION DE L'INFLUENCE DU TRAITEMENT THERMIQUE SUR LES PROPRIETES MECANIQUES DES ALLIAGES ALUMINIUM-CUIVRE (Al-Cu)
Authors: Madani Saad El , ELHAMZI S. , IBNLFASSI A. , ZERROUK L. , LENDA O. BEN , KATTEN J. , YASSINE Y. AIT , BOUIRDEN L.
Published: November 2018

In order to master and improve the quality and properties of the final products, the major industrial challenge lies in the possibility of controlling the morphology, size of microstructures that reside within the molded pieces, as well as their defects; this is the fundamental reason according to which we are more and more interested in mastering the growth and germination of such alloys, as well as the developing structures, at the time of solidification process. The modeling reveals as a valuable aid in the mastery of the formation of such heterogeneousness: segregation cells that are incompatible with industrial requirements.Â Â  The whole work focuses upon the modeling of the segregation phenomenon of the four hypoeutectic alloys, Al1%Cu, Al2%Cu, Al3%Cu et Al4%Cu, as well as the copper effect upon certain mechanical properties of aluminum. Usually, the microstructure and mechanical behavior of such alloys as Al-Cu are directly influenced by some parameters such as composition, cooling velocity and homogenization process.
An analysis of the transport properties and mechanical stability of rapidly solidified Al-Sb alloy
Authors: Sayed Rizk El- , Kamal Mustafa , El-Bediwi Abu-Bakr , Solaiman Qutaiba Rasheed
Published: November 2018

The structure of a series of AlSb alloys prepared by melt spinning have been studied in the as meltâ€“spun ribbons Â as a function of antimony content .The stabilityÂ  of these structures hasÂ  beenÂ  related to that of the transport and mechanical properties of the alloy ribbons. Microstructural analysis was performed and it was found that only Al and AlSb phases formed for different composition. Â The electrical, thermal and the stability of the mechanical properties are related indirectly through the influence of the antimony content. The results are interpreted in terms of the phase change occurring to alloy system. Electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, elastic moduli and the values of microhardness are found to be more sensitive than the internal friction to the phase changes.Â
PRODUCTION OF Ge1-xLnxS MONOCRYSTALS AND THEIR ELECTROPHYSICAL AND PHOTOELETRIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Alekperov Aydin
Published: November 2018

Among semiconductor materials wich can be citilized for recording optical information and holograms of considerable interest are layered materials.Inparticulas, GeSmonocrystals belong to them. A unique device of germanium sulphide that can contain a great quantity of lithium ionehaz been created recently of the University North Carolina. Such material is perfectly suitable as starting stock in manufacturing solar panels. Along with these propertiesÂ  germaniummonosulphideposseffesÂ  change-over and memory effects. To widen the scope of using GeSmonocrystal it was introduced into the matrix of atoms of rare-earth elements (Nd,Sm,Gd). The present research explores the formation of Ge1-xLnxS (where Ln-Nd.Sm,Gd) monocrystals and studies their electrophysical and photoelectrical properties.
EFFECT OF INNER ELECTRODE LENGTH OF 2.2 KJ MATHER TYPE PLASMA FOCUS ON FOCUS ACTION
Authors: Elshamy Hanaa
Published: November 2018

This paper presents results of experimental studies carried out with a Mather type plasma focus device of 2.2 kJ energy. A critical effect of plasma focus inner electrode, IE length on the plasma focus action is detected for IE length has been changed to 9.5, 10.5 and 11.5 cm respectively; also for different Argon gas pressure ranging from 0.2 to 1.8 Torr. To verify this effect, it is important to investigate the plasma focus characteristics such as, a focusing time, voltage spike amplitude, focus action intensity, focus duration time, plasma focus inductance, and radius of plasma focus column as well as pinching ratio.The diagnostics used in the experiments include a Rogowski coil and resistive high voltage probe to measure the discharge current and voltage signals respectively. All the results illustrated that, the best focus action has been achieved for IE length of 10.5 cm and at filling Argon gas pressures varied from 0.8 to 1.2 Torr.
HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHOD TO SOLVE BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS
Authors: Nargund Achala , Madhusudhan R , Sathyanarayana S B
Published: November 2018

In this paper, Homotopy analysis method is applied to the nonlinear coupleddifferential equations of classical Boussinesq system. We have applied Homotopy analysisÂ method (HAM) for the application problems in [1, 2, 3, 4]. We have also plotted Domb-SykesÂ plot for the region of convergence. We have applied Pade for the HAM series to identify theÂ singularity and reflect it in the graph. The HAM is a analytical technique which is used toÂ solve non-linear problems to generate a convergent series. HAM gives complete freedom toÂ choose the initial approximation of the solution, it is the auxiliary parameter h which gives us aÂ convenient way to guarantee the convergence of homotopy series solution. It seems that moreartificial degrees of freedom implies larger possibility to gain better approximations by HAM.
Non-abelian whole gauge symmetry
Authors: Doria Renato
Published: November 2018

The wholeness principle is analysed for non-abelian gauge symmetry. This principle statesÂ that nature acts through grouping. It says that physical laws should be derived from eldsÂ associations. At this work, we consider on the possibility of introducting a non-abelian eldsÂ set fAaIg under a common gauge parameter.A Yang-Mills extension is studied. Taking the SU(N) symmetry group with differentÂ potential elds rotating under a same group, new elds strengths are developed. They expressÂ covariant entities which are granular, collective, correlated, and not necessarily Lie algebraÂ valued. They yield new scalars and a Lagrangian beyond Yang-Mills is obtained. ClassicalÂ equations are derived and (2N + 7) equations are developed.Â A further step is on how such non-abelian whole symmetry is implemented at SU(N)Â gauge group. For this, it is studied on the algebra closure and Jacobi identities, BianchiÂ identities, Noether theorem, gauge xing, BRST symmetry, conservation laws, covariance,Â charges algebra. As result, one notices that it is installed at SU(N) symmetry independentlyon the number of involved elds. Given this consistency, Yang-Mills should not more beÂ considered as the unique Lagrangian performed from SU(N).Introducting the BRST symmetry an invariant Leff is stablished. The BRST chargeÂ associated to the N-potential elds system is calculated and its nilpotency property obtained.Others conservations laws involving ghost scale, global charges are evalued showing that thisÂ whole symmetry extension preserve the original Yang-Mills algebra. Also the ghost numberÂ is conserved. These results imply that Yang-Mills should be understood as a pattern and notÂ as a specic Lagrangian.Concluding, an extended Lagrangian can be constructed. It is possible to implement aÂ non-abelian whole gauge symmetry based on a elds set fAaIg. Its physical feature is aÂ systemic interpretation for the physical processes. Understand complexity from whole gaugeÂ symmetry.
A proposed physical analog of a quantum amplitude: Corkscrew model from the Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW)
Authors: Boyd Jeffrey H.
Published: November 2018

This article proposes solutions to two riddles of quantum mechanics (QM): (1) What is the physical analog of a quantum amplitude?, (2) Why do electrons in a double slit experiment act differently if we look at them? The Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW) is an unconventional view of how nature is organized. Elementary ray amplitudes precede and travel in the opposite direction as particles, which then follow these amplitudes backwards. The amplitude A = |A| eiÎ¸ is a vector in Hilbert space, but it moves through Euclidean space. This makes explicit something implicit in Feynmanâ€™s thinking, although Feynman had the amplitudes traveling in the wrong direction. In double slit experiments, the amplitude of elementary rays going though the two slits interfere before they reach the electron gun. Any experiment that detects which slit the electron uses, destroys the coherence of those two rays, destroying the interference. Because there is no interference, the target screen displays no interference fringe pattern. TEW represents a paradigm shift of seismic proportions, in both classical and quantum physics. Thomas Kuhn warns that paradigm shifts of this magnitude are usually rejected as preposterous. That is exactly what happened to Alfred Wegenerâ€™s idea of â€œcontinental drift.â€
Avoiding the Brain Damage
Authors: DueÃ±as Alejandro
Published: November 2018

The pursuit of low losses and low distortion are necessary conditions to improve the signal integrity. As mentioned in [1], it is sometimes said that thereare two types of engineersâ€”those who have signal integrityproblems and those who will.As clock frequencies increase,magnifying signal integrityproblems, this saying willbecome even more accurate.On the other hand, the usage of the technology is now a day unavoidable. Thus, to avoid the electromagnetic radiationdirectly on the brain, should be recomendablethe useof the hand off device since the integrated inalambric amplifiers of new generation genertea lot of energy (power). Besides, it is convenient that the user of that technology be aware to the activities he is doing to avoid accidents mainly when he is manipulating some kind of equipment or driving a vehicle.As mentioned in[2], the power amplifier (PA) is a critical component whitin a WLAN transmitter because PA performance affects wireless coverage area, data rate capacity, and battery life.Â
Effect of Magnetic Field From Mobile Phone on Brain
Authors: Ali Dr. Esmail
Published: November 2018

Human exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) comes from many different sources and occurs in various situations in everyday life. Man-made static fields are mainly found in occupational settings, such as close to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, although DC high-voltage overhead transmission lines are being constructed, which are expected to expose larger parts of the population to static electric and magnetic fields.Today, for power regulation most modern electrical equipment uses electronics instead of transformers. Examples include the switched power supplies to laptops, drilling tools, chargers of mobile phones and similar devices. As a consequence, the frequency content of the daily magnetic field exposure has changed mainly by adding odd harmonics (150 Hz, 250 Hz, 750 Hz, etc.). In particular, the third harmonic (150 Hz) has become another dominating frequency in our environment.In particular for brain tissues, the mobile phone used at the ear remains the main source of exposure. However, since the first generation of mobile telephony, the technology aimed at reducing the emitted power of mobile handsets. In particular, for Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) already the introduction of dynamic power control reduced the average output power to about 50% of its rated value during calls, whereas the use of discontinuous transmission during voice calls gave a further 30% reduction in average emitted power. Adaptive power control became faster and more effective in the third-generation (3G) of mobile telephony systems leading to a further reduction (by about two orders of magnitude) in the specific absorption Specific energy Absorption Rate (SAR) compared to GSM phones. In addition, hands-free kits reduce the energy absorbed by the head drastically. Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) phones are another source of everyday exposure.
The Contribution of Degenerate Electron Pressure to The Stability of The Outer Region of Thin Keplerian Accretion Disks Around a Neutron Star
Authors: Demissie Abbi Seyoum
Published: November 2018

The stability analysis of a geometrically thin, gas-pressure dominated accretion disk aroundÂ a neutron star is presented. In purely radial perturbation case, thin disk is stable to thermal modes. The stability is analyzed at a small temperature, that is temperature approaching zero and at definite temperature. The contribution of both fully and partially degenerate electrons pressure for the stability of the disk in its outer region is investigated. We find that the disk is stable in this region, where the gas pressure is more dominant than radiation pressure.
Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) for industrial and medical applications-An Overview
Authors: S.Aljohani Mohammed
Published: November 2018

Tomography is a non-invasive, non-intrusive imaging technique allowing the visualization of phase dynamics in industrial and biological processes. This article reviews progress in Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT). ECVT is a direct 3D visualizing technique, unlike three-dimensional imaging, which is based on stacking 2D images to obtain an interpolated 3D image. ECVT has recently matured for real time, non-invasive 3-D monitoring of processes involving materials with strong contrast in dielectric permittivity. In this article, ECVT sensor design, optimization and performance of various sensors seen in literature are summarized. Qualitative Analysis of ECVT image reconstruction techniques has also been presented.
Effect of uniform electromagnetic field on the trajectory of a free jet in a resistant medium proportional to the velocity.
Authors: Orukari Mercy Amaebi , A. T Ngiangia,
Published: November 2018

The effect of electromagnetic field in a resistant medium of a free jet was carried out. The solutions of the governing equations showed that increase in electric field also increases the Â velocity profile of the fluid while increase in magnetic field decreases the velocity of the fluid particle. Increase in path angle beyondÂ radian, shows improved location of objects in a resistant medium proportional to the velocity.Â
Properties of signature partner superdeformed bands in mercury nuclei
Authors: Abokilla Mahmoud , Yassin Hayam , Abo Elyazeed Eman R.
Published: November 2018

The properties of superdeformed (SD) bands of five pairs signature partners in mercury nuclei have been systematically analyzed in framework of four parameters formula including higher order terms of Bohr-Mottelson collective rotational energies. The level spins and the model parameters are determined by fitting procedure using a computer simulated search program in order to obtain minimum root mean square deviations between the calculated and the experimental transition energies.The best fitted parameters have been used to calculate the transition energies EÎ³, the rotational frequencies , the kinematic J(1) and dynamic J(2) moments of inertia. The calculated results agree excellently with the experimental data. J(2) is significantly larger than J(1) for all values of Â . Also J(2) show a smooth increase with increasing . The appearance of Î”I = 1 and Î”I = 2 staggering in Î³-ray transition energies have been examined by using the five-points formula representing the finite difference approximation to the fourth derivative of the Î³-ray transition energies at a given spin. The signature partners in Hg nuclei show large amplitude staggering. Also to appear the Î”I = 1 staggering, the transition energies relative to a rigid rotor with a moment of inertia J = 128.219 are plotted against spins for each signature partner pairs. The difference in transition energies between transitions in the two SD bands 191Hg(SD3)and 193Hg(SD3) are small, therefore, these two bands have been considered as identical bands.
Finite difference code for velocity and surface traction of a Fluid between Two Eccentric Spheres
Authors: Wahab M.Abdel
Published: November 2018

The Numerical study of the flow of a fluid in the annular region between two eccentric sphere susing PHP Code isinvestigated. This flow is created by considering the inner sphere to rotate with angular velocity 1 ï— and the outer sphererotate with angular velocity 2 ï— about the axis passing through their centers, the z-axis, using the three dimensionalBispherical coordinates (ï¡,ï¢ ,ïª) .The velocity field of fluid is determined by solving equation of motion using PHP Codeat different cases of angular velocities of inner and outer sphere. Also Finite difference code is used to calculate surfacetractions at outer sphere.
Love or Law?
Authors: Reisi Asghar
Published: November 2018

Maybe you mixing up in love or investigating reasons of failing in love or leading transactional analysis course or studding about opposite gender, by the way I wish you to be happy. Personally I passed all those terms and I asked myself and others a lot of questions about Attraction and Repulsion and appearance of emotions. Finally, I indicated kindness is higher than love. Because love have an opposite named Hate. So deeply depends to hate. But Kindness is fathomless and opposite less as the Creator is. So itâ€™s higher and greater.In my opinion what in popular called Love is attraction of two opposite personality and some part of its reasons is oppositeness affect and its why it results failing.
On solving the nonlinear Biswas-Milovic equation with dual-power law nonlinearity using the extended tanh-function method
Authors: E. Zayed Elsayed M.
Published: November 2018

In this article, we apply the extended tanh-function method to Â…nd the exact travelingÂ wave solutions of the nonlinear Biswas-Milovic equation (BME), which describes the prop-agation of solitons through optical Â…bers for trans-continental and trans-oceanic distances.Â This equation is a generalized version of the nonlinear SchrÃ¶dinger equation with dual-powerÂ law nonlinearity. With the aid of computer algebraic system Maple, both constant and time-dependent coeÂ¢ cients of BME are discussed. Comparison between our new results and theÂ well-known results is given. The given method in this article is straightforward, conciseÂ and can be applied to other nonlinear partial diÂ¤erential equations (PDEs) in mathematicalphysics.
Degradation of glass polymers due to successive exposure to acid rain and UV radiation
Authors: H Abbas , El-Tonsy M. M. , Shumis Aqeel. Abdul jalil. Ali.
Published: November 2018

Utilization of polymer products for outdoor applications is continuously increasing. So the stability of polymers against environmental degradation became top of interests for many researchers. The effect of environmental elements on the polymers stability has been studied, but individually. A solution against an environmental element may conflict with a solution against other element. Therefore current study aimed to clarify a sort of these conflicts. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) films as example of glassy polymers are exposed to acid rains and Ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sequenced method for different time intervals. The effects on both structural and optical parameters are deduced from the measurements of Infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction charts, refractive indices and optical dispersion of samples before and after treatments. Chain scission is found to reduce the transparency of the samples. Acid rains are found to enhance the transparency of PMMA films by disordering chain fragments that are released by chain scission. Lot of experimental data are given in many coloured graphs.
Physical and Optical Properties of The Films Ð’i2Te3-Bi2Se3
Authors: Akhmedov Gurban
Published: November 2018

Results of researches show, that film p-n the structures received by a method of discrete thermal evaporation in a uniform work cycle, are suitable for use in low-voltage devices.Â  As a result of work are received p-n heterojunctions in thin-film execution, described by high values of differential resistance. Show that, thermo endurance - T0 maybe using as characteristic of thermo endurance of optic materials. If heating flow, destruction temperature and internal surface temperature is measured during test, it is possible to determine value T0 and other necessity characteristics. As a result of the taking test was lead to comparison evaluation of considered materials. Working range of heating flow and up level heating embark have been determined.
Wave Nature
Authors: Van Zanten Leonard None
Published: November 2018

This essay provides evidence that light and other such waves never at all travel on a continues sine formation, and that at no time these are produced at their full frequency. With further evidence that the dispersion of light is never at all by any change in velocity but by incidence only, and that all waves exist by half-lengths only. And in order to do it justice my exposition became rather lengthy, I therefore beg your patience to bear with me to the end.Â  This issue then may prove to be a giant step forward in the knowledge of fundamentals.
Low-Inductive Extended Z-Discharge As a Manyrange Source of Radiations
Authors: Burtsev Vladimir , Kalinin Nikolay , Vaganov Sergey
Published: November 2018

The present paper summarizes the results of studying of Â nanosecond low-inductive extended zâ€‘discharge as source of electromagnetic Â radiations and analyzes the works of other research groups that can throw upon additional light and hereunder promote to best understanding of physics of the phenomena and processes observed in authors' researches. The analysis is of main interest towards development of compact electrodischarge sources of coherent and low-coherent radiation including X-ray range.
On Use of Meijer's G-functions In The Theory of Univalent Functions
Authors: Pishkoo Amir
Published: November 2018

Using some properties of Meijer's G-functions and univalent functions, in this paper some definitions, transformations and theorems in univalent function theory are discussed and then reformulated in the language of Meijer's G-functions. The starting point is to consider the Koebe function as a Meijerâ€™s G-function.
On approximate $\sigma$-homomorphisms and derivations on $C^*$-ternary
Authors: Kim Soo Hwan
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we proveÂ the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of $\sigma$-homomorphismsÂ and derivations on $C^*$-ternary algebras associatedÂ with the generalized Cauchy-Jensen type additive functional equation\begin{equation*}\sum_{i=1}^n f\left(x_i +{1 \over n-1}\sum_{j=1, j \ne i}^n x_j\right)Â =2 \sum_{i=1}^n f(x_i)Â \end{equation*}where $n \in \Z^+$ is a fixed integers with $n \ge 2$.
The Effect of Water Salinity on Permeability of Oil Reservoir
Authors: O Alabi O. , Sedara Samuel
Published: November 2018

The recovery of oil from clay-sandstone as revealed by past studies can be improved by increasing the concentration of the salinity in the core. This is as a result of the sensitivity of the clay-sandstone to the water salinity. Â Conversely, there is no established model to predict the permeability of core for a given concentration of brine and the value of concentration for optimum oil recovery. Data from experiment on clay content sandstone from different cores in Berea were analyzed and permeability was found as a function of concentration of brine as Â From the model for the variation of permeability of natural clay-sandstone as a function of Â Â brine concentration, 12179.79 kgm-3Â Â  concentration of brine will give equivalent permeability of the natural core filled with air, in comparison with possible maximum permeability of the reservoir for optimum oil recovery.Â
Momentum Distribution Critical Exponents for 1D Hubbard model in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Nenuwe Nelson , A. Idiodi John O.
Published: November 2018

Critical exponents at Â and Â Â for the momentum distribution function are studied for one-dimensional Hubbard model in the presence of magnetic field, using conformal field theory (CFT) approach. Exponents at Â and Â are reproduced. Results at Â is in contrast to earlier numerical prediction of 1, while at , the exponent is 49/8. The singularities at Â and Â appears to be weak and gradually degenerating into a smooth curve.
Similarity in Analytic Behavior Intermediate Radial States of the Hydrogen Atom & Production of Radionuclides and Gamma Decay
Authors: Pishkoo Amir
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this paper is to show that analytic behavior of ground and intermediate states of the Hydrogen atom is similar to Gamma decay in molybdenum-99 (99mTc â†’ 99Tc + Î³).
EFFECT OF CELLULAR MEMBRANE RESISTIVITY INHOMOGENEITY ON THE THERMAL NOISE-LIMIT
Authors: Vincze Gyula
Published: November 2018

Our objective is to generalize the Weaver-Astumian (WA) and Kaune (KA) models of thermal noise limit to the case ofcellular membrane resistivity asymmetry. The asymmetry of resistivity causes different effects in the two models. In the KAmodel, asymmetry decreases the characteristic field strength of the thermal limit over and increases it below the breakingfrequency (10ï· ï€½ï´ mï€­), while asymmetry decreases the spectral field strength of the thermal noise limit at all frequencies.We show that asymmetry does not change the character of the models, showing the absence of thermal noise limit at highand low frequencies in WA and KA models, respectively.
Low temperature resistivity anomalies in Pr-based nano-manganites
Authors: T. Das Proloy
Published: November 2018

The low-temperature electronic transport behavior of under doped polycrystalline Pr0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (PSMO) manganitenanoparticles (down to 40 nm), have been investigated in the presence of applied external magnetic fields (Hext) and adistinct resistivity minimum (Ïmin) is observed below 50 K for each PSMO sample. It has been found that both depth of Ïmin,and temperature of resistivity minima (ï²min T ) values enhance with increase of Hext. Considering various possibilities likeCoulomb blockade theory, electron-electron interaction, phase separation, Kondo mechanism, we conclude thatoccurrence of low temperature resistivity anomalies (<ï²min T ) in PSMO manganite system is presumably due to acombined effect of electron-electron interaction (~T1/2) and 3D weak localization (WL) mechanism. The proposed modelcan explain spin dependent scattering phenomena in disorder background of correlated manganite system and behaviorof various fit parameters responsible for low temperature resistivity anomalies under external magnetic fields.
A Note on non-relativistic gravitation
Authors: Hillion Pierre
Published: November 2018

Using the Jefimenko theory of gravitation [1] and the Le-Bellac, Levy-Leblond non relati-vistic approximations of Maxwellequations, we prove that in addition to newtonian gravi-tation, there exists a second non-relativistic gravitation.
Atomic disruption beam theory
Authors: McMahon Casey Ray
Published: November 2018

In this paper, I discuss the theory behind the use of a dense, concentrated neutron particle-based beam. I look at the particle based physics behind such a beam, when it is focused against solid material matter. Although this idea is still only theoretical, it appears that such a beam may be capable of disrupting the stability of the atoms within solid matter- in some cases by passing great volumes of neutrons between the electron and nucleus thus effectively â€œshieldingâ€ the electron from the charge of the nucleus. In other cases, by disrupting the nucleus by firing neutrons into it, disrupting the nucleus and weakening its bond on electrons. In either case- the resulting effect would be a disruption of the atom, which in the case of material matter would cause said material matter to fail, which would appear to the observer as liquification with some plasma generation. Thus, a dense neutron particle based beam could be used to effectively liquefy material matter. Such a beam could bore through rock, metal, or even thick, military grade armour, like that used on tanks- causing such materials to rapidly liquefy. The denser and thicker the neutron beam, the more devastating the effect of the beam- thus the faster material matter will liquefy and the greater the area of liquification. Such a beam would have applications in Defence, mining and drilling operations.
Spontaneous Photon Emissions in Photoreceptors: Potential Convergence of Arrhenius Reactions and the Latency for Rest Mass Photons to Accelerate to Planck Unit Energies
Authors: Persinger Michael A
Published: November 2018

Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â Â Spontaneous or phasic voltage shifts normally occur across the plasma membranes of photoreceptors without impingement from external photons on average once every ~38 s (26 mHz).Â  There have been arguments that all living cells spontaneously exhibit Bokkon-type ~10-12 WÂ·m-2 ultraweak photon emissions (UPE) independent of temperature-based Arrhenius reactions.Â  However the non-Gaussian distribution of the phasic voltage-photon events can be accommodated by the results of accelerating mass equivalents of resting photons into the time frame of single electron orbits which would require ~38 s. This condition is strongly dependent upon the presence of free protons within Pollackâ€™s interfacial water states. The duration associated with the energy from the magnetic moment of a proton in a 1 nT magnetic field generated by 2 pA currents through channels across the membrane when divided into Planckâ€™s constant is ~38 s. Second shell activation energies (~10-20 J) that are correlated with proton movements within a human photoreceptorâ€™s volume of water result in a rate constant that is equivalent to energy within the range of Cosmic Microwave Background.Â  One solution to accommodate the median emission of ~2Â·10-12 WÂ·m-2 as a mass volume within a cell, the equivalent magnetic field strength of 1 nT, the interconnected 10-20 J and the diffusivity coupled to the hydrogen line suggests UPE may be reverse reactions from all living mass originating as Poppâ€™s primordial solar photon energy. If these convergence solutions are valid then non-local photon formation would be the source of these spontaneous shifts in photoreceptors that would be mediated by a plethora of local physical chemical manifestations.
Experimental Demonstration That Aharanov-Bohm Phase Shift Voltages In Optical Coupler Circuits of Tuned Patterned Magnetic Fields Is Critical for Inhibition of Malignant Cell Growth
Authors: Karbowski Lukasz M. , Murugan Nirosha J , Lafrenie Robert M , Persinger Michael A
Published: November 2018

Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â Â The physical processes by which specific point duration magnetic fields affect aberrant expressions of living matter may involve non-classical mechanisms.Â  The Aharanov-Bohm voltage for a quantum of energy that is convergent with the quotient of the protonâ€™s magnetic moment to its charge multiplied by the viscosity of water at homeostatic temperatures applied across the distance of O-H bonds in conjunction with its phase modulation is about Â±4.3 V. Application of frequency shifting, temporally-patterned magnetic fields produced by 3 ms point durations at average intensities of ~28 mG (that are equivalent to Nernst thresholds for plasma membranes) generated through optocoupler light emitting diodes produced the strongest inhibition of malignant cells growth when the pre-coupler value for the circuit maintenance was Â±4.3 V compared to increments of voltage below or above this value. Spatial expansion of the effective zone for growth diminishment also occurred with this pre-voltage level. These results indicate that phase modulation of the electrons mediating cellular molecular pathways may be central to the etiology and potential treatment of malignant cells but not Â for normal cellsâ€™ dynamics. Consideration of quantum effects rather than classical electromagnetic theory may be a more effective strategy for impeding the physical bases for the molecular pathways that define malignant cells.
Performance optimization of the electro-optic Q-Switching for high power laser using RTP crystal
Authors: Hussain Ali. A. , Alnayli Raad Shaker , Y. Hasan Sundus Yaseen
Published: November 2018

In order to study the performance of proposal model crystal constructed from(Rubidium Titanly Phosphate, RTP) the birefringence, electric field application, optical,Influences of the most parametric on the electro-optical Q-switching operated for high powerlasers are accomplished. The voltage requirements for productions Q-switching operationwith electro-optical pockels-cells by means of this proposal as transversal configuration cellcrystal have been minimized from 1.900 kV to 1.808 kV for RTP cell these values werereduced in this work owing to the reduction of the thickness to length ratio of this crystal cell.The RTP crystal can be used with longitudinal electric field which is more suitablefor high electro-optical modulation of high power lasers, but with extreme half-wave voltage,which is measured in this work and found to be 9.143 kV and 6.363 kV for x and y directionrespectively .Also, in this work, interpolated treatments on the measurements were applied usingquarter-wave plate (VÎ»/4) arrangement, which offered high improvement for using the linearof the transmission-voltage schemes to select the suitable requirement voltage for any levelsswitching.
Feynman rules for Four Bosons Electromagnetism
Authors: Chauca J. , Doria Renato , Soares I.
Published: November 2018

A whole electromagnetism carrying four electric charge messengers is studied. Basedon light invariance and conservation of electric charge, it provides a fields set {A,U, V Â±}.Something beyond Maxwell appears. The usual photon is accomplished by others electriccharge porters, which are a massive photon plus two charged photons. They carryelectromagnetic processes with charge exchange Î”Q = 0 and |Î”Q| = 1.There is still room for an electromagnetism on electric charge transmission to be understood.Through such so-called four bosons electromagnetism a new way to conductthe electric charge is proposed. It says that the electromagnetic phenomena is somethingmore than Maxwellâ€™s charge distribution. It establishes the presence of four fields associationresponsible for the electric charge transmission. It develops a quanta set whichmeans electromagnetism based on eight messengers with spin-1 and spin-0 to be analysed.Thus given such fields collection AI â‰¡ {A,U, V Â±} one studies the correspondingpropagations and interactions. Derive the corresponding Feynman rules for this electriccharge transmission. The model shows itself renormalizable and unitary. New featuresare obtained as selfinteracting photons. The photon is no more necessarily coupled tothe electric charge. A diversity of coupling constants is obtained. The electromagnetismuniversality is on the ubiquous photon and not on the electric charge as coupling constant.
The Gravitational Wave and Einstein Equation
Authors: Lo C. Y.
Published: November 2018

Â  Â  Â According to the announcement of LIGO, it is exciting that the gravitational wave has been confirmed,. Perhaps, this is the time for physicists to fix the Einstein equation for the gravitational wave and the nonexistence of the dynamic solution. These two problems are inextricably related. As a first step, theorists should improve their pure mathematics beyond Einstein on non-linear mathematics and related physical considerations. Then, it is time to rectify the Einstein equation that has no gravitational wave solution which Einstein has recognized, and no dynamic solution that Einstein failed to see. Â Moreover, in view of the far distance of the sources, it is very questionable that one can determine they are black holes, which actually also have no theoretical basis.
Quantum And Relativistic Corollaries Of An Operative Definition Of Space Time
Authors: Tosto Sebastiano
Published: November 2018

The paper introduces an â€ab initioâ€ theoretical model based on an operative definition of space time, regardedÂ as a combination of the fundamental constants of the nature. The paper shows that significant concepts ofÂ quantum mechanics and relativity are straightforward consequence of the proposed definition of space time.Some cosmological implications of the model are also shown.
Negative impedance interval of blood flow in capillary bed
Authors: Vincze Gyula , Szigeti Gyula Peter , Szasz Oliver
Published: November 2018

We study a simple model of the capillary network of living systems. The volume flow of the blood versus pressure drop has a negative impedance interval, because the viscosity of the blood decreases with increasing shear rate. We explain the channel formation and deviations of the blood flow in solid tumours by this phenomenon.Â
Rapidly Solidified Melt-spun Bi-Sn Ribbons: Surface Composition Issues
Authors: El Ashram Tarek , Carapeto Ana P. , Botelho do Rego Ana M.
Published: November 2018

Tin-bismuth alloy ribbons were produced using melt-spinning technique. The two main surfaces (in contact with the rotating wheel and exposed to the air) were characterized with Optical Microscopy and AFM, revealing that the surface exposed to the air is duller (due to a long-range heterogeneity) than the opposite surface. Also the XPS chemical composition revealed many differences between them both on the corrosion extension and on the total relative amounts of tin and bismuth. For instance, for the specific case of an alloy with a composition Bi-4 wt % Sn, the XPS atomic ratios Sn/Bi are 1.1 and 3.7 for the surface in contact with the rotating wheel and for the one exposed to air, respectively, showing, additionally, that a large segregation of tin at the surface exists (nominal ratio should be 0.073). This segregation was interpreted as the result of the electrochemical process yielding the corrosion products.