bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced concepts in electronic structure (ACES) software programs
Authors: Perera Ajith , Bartlett Rodney J. , Sanders Beverly A. , Lotrich Victor F. , Byrd Jason N.
Published: May 2020

The advanced concepts in electronic structure (ACES) programs are products of the Bartlett research group at the University of Florida. They consist of ACES II, which is serial, and ACES III and Aces4, which are massively parallel. All three programs are publically available free of charge. The focus of the ACES implementations is coupled cluster theory and many-body-perturbation theory. We give an overview of the ACES programs, discuss the many features of the program systems, and document the number of benchmarks.
Omnidirectional microscopy by ultrasonic sample control
Authors: Helander P. , Puranen T. , Meriläinen A. , Maconi G. , Penttilä A. , Gritsevich M. , Kassamakov I. , Salmi A. , Muinonen K. , Hæggström E.
Published: May 2020

Omnidirectional microscopy (OM) is an emerging technology capable of enhancing the three-dimensional (3D) microscopy widely applied in life sciences. In OM, the precise position and orientation control of the sample are required. However, current OM technology relies on destructive mechanical methods to hold the samples, such as embedding samples in gel or attaching them to a needle to permit orientation control. A non-contacting alternative is to levitate the sample. Until now, levitation methods have lacked orientation control. We enable omnidirectional access to the sample by introducing a method to control acoustic levitation that provides precise orientation control. Such control around three axes of rotation permits rapid imaging of the sample from any direction using a fixed camera and subsequent 3D shape reconstruction. The control of non-spherical particles is achieved using an asymmetric acoustic field created with a phase-controlled transducer array. Our technology allows robust 3D imaging of delicate samples and their study in a time-lapse manner. We foresee that the described method is not limited to microscopy and optical imaging, but is also compatible with automated sample handling, light-sheet microscopy, wall-less chemistry, and non-contacting tomography.
Observation of two-level defect system in amorphous Se superlattices
Authors: John Joshua D. , Okano Shun , Sharma Apoorva , Rahaman Mahfujur , Selyshchev Oleksandr , Miyachi Noritoshi , Enomoto Kunitaka , Ochiai Jun , Saito Ichitaro , Salvan Georgeta , Masuzawa Tomoaki , Yamada Takatoshi , Chua Daniel H. C. , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Okano Ken
Published: May 2020

Amorphous Se is a well-known photoconductor from its early applications in xerography and ultra-sensitive photodetectors like the High-gain Avalanche Rushing Photoconductor (HARP) device. The established way of fabricating the photoconductor for the HARP is rotational thermal evaporation using multilayers of Se and As2Se3. However, the electronic effects of multilayering have not yet been clarified. In this report, we investigated the multilayer structure as a superlattice of Se and As2Se3 fabricated using rotational evaporation and show that the superlattice structure results in the uniformization of the defect levels in the base materials. We found four energy levels associated with defects in As2Se3 and three levels in amorphous Se. In comparison, the superlattice structure of the two materials shows two clear energy levels at EC,Se − 0.533 eV and EV,Se + 0.269 eV. The resulting two occupied energy levels explain the photoelectronic and transport properties observed in multilayer amorphous Se. This result “reinvents” the multilayer structure as a material with observed quantum effects, which significantly improves the material performance in photodetection.
Overlapping soliton during the concentric interaction of cylindrical dark solitons in a bounded dusty plasma with dust charge variation
Authors: Han Jiu-Ning , Li Jun-Xiu , Duan Wen-Shan
Published: May 2020

The combined effect of the cylindrical boundary and the adiabatic variation in dust charges on the spatiotemporal evolution of the overlapping soliton in a dusty plasma is studied in detail. We derive the mathematical expression of the overlapping soliton and investigate the effect of dust charging and the influence of its adiabatic variation on the evolution process of the soliton structure. Numerical results indicate that the basic properties of the merged pulse are partially similar to the recent experimental results reported for the interaction of planar solitons in strongly coupled dusty plasmas by Harvey et al., Phys. Rev. E 81, 057401 (2010) and Sharma et al. Phys. Rev. E 89, 013110 (2014). Moreover, it is found that the soliton amplitude and the occurrence time of its peak value increase with the increase in Rn and RT, and the increasing rate of the peak amplitude decreases with the increase in Rn and increases with the increase in RT. As time t increases, the overlapping soliton moves to the inside-traveling direction (i.e., r → 0); before reaching the peak amplitude, the merged pulse gradually increases its amplitude and decreases its width and traveling velocity; after reaching the peak amplitude, the soliton gradually decreases its amplitude and increases its width and velocity. It is also noted that when dust charge variation is considered, solitons with bigger values of Rn (or RT) experience longer phase delays. Comparatively speaking, Rn has a more remarkable effect on the physical properties of the overlapping soliton.
New similarity reductions and exact solutions for helically symmetric viscous flows
Authors: Dierkes Dominik , Cheviakov Alexei , Oberlack Martin
Published: May 2020

In the present paper, we derive exact solutions for the helically invariant Navier–Stokes equations. The approach is based on an invariant solution ansatz emerging from the Galilean group in helical coordinates, which leads to linear functions in the helical coordinate ξ = az + bφ for the two helical velocity components uξ and uη. The variables z and φ are the usual cylinder coordinates. Starting from this approach, we derive a new equation for the radial velocity component ur in the helical frame, for which we found two special solutions. Moreover, we present an exact linearization of the Navier–Stokes equations by seeking exact solutions in the form of Beltrami flows. Using separation of variables, we found exponentially decaying time-dependent solutions, which consist of trigonometric functions in the helical coordinate ξ and of confluent Heun-type functions in the radial direction.
Compact models for influential nodes identification problem in directed networks
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Liu Xueyong , Zhang Jun , Yu Xiao
Published: May 2020

Influential nodes identification problem (INIP) is one of the most important problems in complex networks. Existing methods mainly deal with this problem in undirected networks, while few studies focus on it in directed networks. Moreover, the methods designed for identifying influential nodes in undirected networks do not work for directed networks. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate INIP in directed networks. We first propose a novel metric to assess the influence effect of nodes in directed networks. Then, we formulate a compact model for INIP and prove it to be NP-Complete. Furthermore, we design a novel heuristic algorithm for the proposed model by integrating a 2-opt local search into a greedy framework. The experimental results show that, in most cases, the proposed methods outperform traditional measure-based heuristic methods in terms of accuracy and discrimination.
Bright infra-red quantum dot light-emitting diodes through efficient suppressing of electrons
Authors: Marus M. , Xia Y. , Zhong H. , Li D. , Ding S. , Turavets U. , Xu B. , Wang K. , Zhang J. , Sun X. W.
Published: May 2020

Colloidal quantum dots are promising materials for near infrared light emitting diodes (NIR QLEDs) owing to the widely tunable wavelength of emitted light, high quantum efficiency, and full integration with solution processing techniques. However, the imbalance of charge carriers in NIR QLEDs greatly limits their performance, which in turn narrows the scope of their application. Here, we propose an approach for improving the brightness and stability of NIR PbS QLEDs through balancing the device current by an ultra-thin inorganic aluminum oxide (Al2O3) electron suppressing layer. This modification resulted in a 7.42 W/sr/m2 peak radiance at 1.3 μm wavelength. Moreover, the halide-capped PbS-based NIR QLEDs remained stable under constant current drive for over 144 h.
Phase control of α- and κ-Ga2O3 epitaxial growth on LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 substrates using α-Fe2O3 buffer layers
Authors: Shimazoe Kazuki , Nishinaka Hiroyuki , Arata Yuta , Tahara Daisuke , Yoshimoto Masahiro
Published: May 2020

LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 substrates are used in wide-bandwidth applications such as surface acoustic wave filter and show structural similarity to α-Ga2O3. In this study, we demonstrated the phase control of Ga2O3 epitaxial thin films, grown by mist chemical vapor deposition, on the (0001) planes of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 substrates using α-Fe2O3 buffer layers. κ-Ga2O3 thin films were grown epitaxially on bare LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 substrates. Conversely, the insertion of the α-Fe2O3 buffer layer led to the preferential growth of the α-Ga2O3 epitaxial thin films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) φ-scan results revealed that the α-Ga2O3 thin films were grown along the same in-plane direction as that of the substrates. Besides, the XRD φ-scan results indicated that twin-free α-Ga2O3 was grown on the LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 substrates with the α-Fe2O3 buffer layers. The x-ray rocking curve scans of the asymmetric plane of α-Ga2O3 showed that the full width at half maximum values of α-Ga2O3 on the LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 substrates with the buffer layers were smaller than that of the c-plane α-Al2O3 substrate with and without the buffer layer. In addition, we grew the (11-20) and (1-100) planes of the α-Ga2O3 epitaxial thin films on the (11-20) and (1-100) planes of LiNbO3 substrates with the α-Fe2O3 buffer layer, respectively. This study showed that LiTaO3 and LiNbO3 are promising substrates for the epitaxial growth of α-Ga2O3 and κ-Ga2O3.
MHD-blob correlations in NSTX
Authors: Zweben S. J. , Fredrickson E. D. , Myra J. R. , Podestà M. , Scotti F.
Published: May 2020

This paper describes a study of the cross-correlations between edge fluctuations as seen in the gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic and low frequency coherent magnetic fluctuations (MHD) in H-mode plasmas in NSTX. The main new result was that large blobs in the scrape-off-layer were significantly correlated with MHD activity in the 3–6 kHz range in 21 of the 223 shots examined. There were also many other shots in which fluctuations in the GPI signal level and its peak radius Rpeak were correlated with MHD activity but without any significant correlation of the MHD with large blobs. The structure and motion of the MHD are compared with those of the correlated blobs, and some possible theoretical mechanisms for the MHD-blob correlation are discussed.
Metal coated polymer and paper-based cantilever design and analysis for acoustic pressure sensing
Authors: Mishra R. B. , Shaikh S. F. , Hussain A. M. , Hussain M. M.
Published: May 2020

Cantilevers are one of the most utilized mechanical elements for acoustic sensing. In comparison to the edge clamped diaphragms of different shapes, a single edge clamped cantilever makes an acoustic sensor mechanically sensitive for detection of lower pressure. The aspect ratio of cantilevers is one of the most important parameters which affect sensitivity. Herein, we present a mathematical, finite element method and experimental analysis to determine the effect of the aspect ratio on the resonant frequency, response time, mechanical sensitivity, and capacitive sensitivity of a cantilever-based acoustic pressure sensor. Three cantilevers of different aspect ratios (0.67, 1, and 1.5) have been chosen for sound pressure application to detect capacitance change. The cantilever with the smallest aspect ratio (0.67) has the highest response time (206 ms), mechanical sensitivity, and capacitive sensitivity (22 fF), which reduce after increasing the aspect ratio. The resonant frequency of the cantilever was also analyzed by applying sweep in sound frequency. It was found to be minimum for the cantilever with the smallest aspect ratio (510 Hz) and increases with an increase in the aspect ratio. We have applied the garage fabrication process using low cost, recyclable, and easily available materials such as metal coated polymer sheets, mounting tapes and glass slides as alternative materials for expensive materials.
Realization of fast switching speed and electronic synapse in Ta/TaOx/AlN/Pt bipolar resistive memory
Authors: Cao Gang , Yan Xiaobing , Wang Jingjuan , Zhou Zhenyu , Lou Jianzhong , Wang Kaiyou
Published: May 2020

Resistive random-access memory plays a key role in non-volatile and neuromorphic artificial electronic devices. In this work, we fabricated Ta/TaOx/AlN/Pt resistive memory devices with the inserted AlN layer to improve the performance. The devices have better stability, lower threshold voltage (≈0.37 V), longer retention time (>104 s), and faster switching speed (9 ns) than those without the AlN film layer. More importantly, when different pulse parameters were applied, two phenomena, abrupt jumps in conductance and gradual change in conductance, were obtained. Furthermore, the biological synaptic functions were simulated, including the spiking-time-dependent plasticity and the paired-pulse facilitation. The Ta/TaOx/AlN/Pt resistive memory devices offer promising features; hence, they are good candidates for next-generation electronic devices for chip systems.
Near-ideal reverse leakage current and practical maximum electric field in β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Li Wenshen , Saraswat Devansh , Long Yaoyao , Nomoto Kazuki , Jena Debdeep , Xing Huili Grace
Published: May 2020

We investigate the intrinsic reverse leakage mechanisms in Ni-based Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) fabricated on a (2¯01) single crystal β-Ga2O3 substrate, where a uniform bulk reverse leakage current has been designed and confirmed. The temperature-dependent reverse leakage characteristics are analyzed by a numerical reverse leakage model, which includes both the image-force lowering and doping effects. We found that the reverse leakage current is near-ideal and dominated by Schottky barrier tunneling throughout the entire range of the surface electric field from 0.8 MV/cm to 3.4 MV/cm. The extracted barrier height from the reverse leakage model is consistent with the values extracted from the forward current–voltage and capacitance–voltage measurements. The practical maximum electric field, defined by the maximum allowable reverse leakage current levels, is calculated as a function of the barrier height. These results suggest that it is possible to approach the intrinsic breakdown electric field in β-Ga2O3 SBDs, as long as a sufficiently high barrier height (∼2.2 to 3 eV) is employed.
Analytic similarity solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations for a jet in a half space with the no-slip boundary condition
Authors: Gusarov A. V.
Published: May 2020

We consider steady axisymmetric no-swirl viscous flows in a half space driven by a concentrated force. A method of finding physically meaningful similarity solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations with finite values of mass and momentum fluxes satisfying the no-slip boundary condition is developed. A new one-parameter set of analytic similarity solutions that describes impinging or emerging jets depending on the value of the parameter is found. A unique emerging-jet solution can be found for an arbitrary value of the Reynolds number. The accomplished analysis of momentum balance has resulted in an algorithm to estimate the best parameter of the similarity solution corresponding to the given physical characteristics of the jet source.
Metal-functionalized 2D boron sulfide monolayer material enhancing hydrogen storage capacities
Authors: Mishra Pushkar , Singh Deobrat , Sonvane Yogesh , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: May 2020

In the present work, we have systematically investigated the structural, electronic, vibrational, and H2 storage properties of a layered 2H boron sulfide (2H-BS) monolayer using spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT). The pristine BS monolayer shows semiconducting behavior with an indirect bandgap of 2.83 eV. Spin-polarized DFT with van der Waals correction suggests that the pristine BS monolayer has weak binding strength with H2 molecules, but the binding energy can be significantly improved by alkali metal functionalization. A system energy study indicates the strong bonding of alkali metals with the BS monolayer. The Bader charge analysis also concludes that a considerable charge is transferred from the metal to the BS monolayer surface, which was further confirmed by the iso-surface charge density profile. All functionalized alkali metals form cations that can bond multiple H2 molecules with sufficient binding energies, which are excellent for H2 storage applications. An ideal range of adsorption energy and practicable desorption temperature promises the ability of the alkali metal functionalized BS monolayer as an efficient material for hydrogen storage.
Defining the waterlogging tolerance of Ornithopus spp. for the temperate pasture zone of southern Australia
Authors: Kidd D. R. , Di Bella C. E. , Kotula L. , Colmer T. D. , Ryan M. H. , Striker G. G.
Published: May 2020

Increasing the area sown to Ornithopus spp. (serradella) can reduce overall fertiliser requirements in Australian permanent pastures owing to their greater nutrient-acquisition efficiency than that of more widely used pasture legumes such as Trifolium spp. However, uncertainty regarding waterlogging tolerance of Ornithopus spp. may restrict their adoption in the high-rainfall zone of southern Australia. The waterlogging tolerance of cultivars and accessions of three species of Ornithopus (O. compressus, O. sativus and O. pinnatus) was determined by comparing root and shoot growth of plants in deoxygenated, stagnant agar nutrient solution (simulated waterlogging) with growth in aerated nutrient solution. The responses were benchmarked against the known waterlogging-tolerant pasture legume Trifolium michelianum. All Ornithopus cultivars were highly impacted by the deoxygenated stagnant treatment, including those of the anecdotally waterlogging-tolerant O. pinnatus. The 14-day stagnant treatment reduced root dry mass by 32–62% and relative growth rate (RGR) of roots by 36–73%. At the same time, root porosity increased from 1.4% to 8.8%. Following a 14-day recovery period, during which plants were returned to aerated nutrient solution, Ornithopus spp. failed to increase their shoot RGR (particularly for O. sativus cultivars); however, root RGR returned to that of the aerated controls. The stagnant conditions inhibited transport of potassium (K+) to the shoots in all species, as evidenced by lower shoot tissue K+ concentrations, with O. compressus and O. sativus most adversely affected (45% and 48% of the tissue concentration of aerated control plants). We conclude that the suggested area for Ornithopus spp. adaptation should not preclude areas of high rainfall because they have root adaptations that would assist them in coping with transient water excess; however, soil types and surface profiles conducive to long-term waterlogging should be avoided to negate significant productivity losses.
Fire and rain are one: extreme rainfall events predict wildfire extent in an arid grassland
Authors: Verhoeven Elise M. , Murray Brad R. , Dickman Chris R. , Wardle Glenda M. , Greenville Aaron C.
Published: May 2020

Assessing wildfire regimes and their environmental drivers is critical for effective land management and conservation. We used Landsat imagery to describe the wildfire regime of the north-eastern Simpson Desert (Australia) between 1972 and 2014, and to quantify the relationship between wildfire extent and rainfall. Wildfires occurred in 15 of the 42 years, but only 27% of the study region experienced multiple wildfires. A wildfire in 1975 burned 43% of the region and is the largest on record for the area. More recently, a large wildfire in 2011 reburned areas that had not burned since 1975 (47% of the 2011 wildfire), as well as new areas that had no record of wildfires (25% of the 2011 wildfire). The mean minimum wildfire return interval was 27 years, comparable with other spinifex-dominated grasslands, and the mean time since last wildfire was 21 years. Spinifex-dominated vegetation burned most frequently and over the largest area. Extreme annual rainfall events (> 93rd percentile) effectively predicted large wildfires occurring 2 years after those events. Extreme rainfall is predicted to increase in magnitude and frequency across central Australia, which could alter wildfire regimes and have unpredictable and far-reaching effects on ecosystems in the region’s arid landscapes.
Evolutionarily ancient BAH–PHD protein mediates Polycomb silencing
Authors: Wiles Elizabeth T. , McNaught Kevin J. , Kaur Gurmeet , Selker Jeanne M. L. , Ormsby Tereza , Aravind L. , Selker Eric U.
Published: May 2020

Methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) is widely recognized as a transcriptionally repressive chromatin modification but the mechanism of repression remains unclear. We devised and implemented a forward genetic scheme to identify factors required for H3K27 methylation-mediated silencing in the filamentous fungus
Neurospora crassa
and identified a bromo-adjacent homology (BAH)-plant homeodomain (PHD)-containing protein, EPR-1 (effector of polycomb repression 1; NCU07505). EPR-1 associates with H3K27-methylated chromatin, and loss of EPR-1 de-represses H3K27-methylated genes without loss of H3K27 methylation. EPR-1 is not fungal-specific; orthologs of EPR-1 are present in a diverse array of eukaryotic lineages, suggesting an ancestral EPR-1 was a component of a primitive Polycomb repression pathway.
Self-interaction error overbinds water clusters but cancels in structural energy differences
Authors: Sharkas Kamal , Wagle Kamal , Santra Biswajit , Akter Sharmin , Zope Rajendra R. , Baruah Tunna , Jackson Koblar A. , Perdew John P. , Peralta Juan E.
Published: May 2020

Significance

Self-interaction error has long been identified as one of the limitations of practical density functional approximations. This error originates in the inability of approximate density functionals to exactly cancel self-Coulomb and self-exchange–correlation for all one-electron densities. Self-interaction error can be subtracted from an approximate functional on an orbital-by-orbital basis, improving the description of stretched bonds. In this work, we show that, by explicitly removing self-interaction error, the hydrogen bond binding energies of water are also significantly improved. In particular, the self-interaction correction to SCAN improves binding energies and the many-body analysis without altering the correct energy ordering for small water clusters.
Campylobacter jejuni
BumSR directs a response to butyrate via sensor phosphatase activity to impact transcription and colonization
Authors: Goodman Kyle N. , Powers Matthew J. , Crofts Alexander A. , Trent M. Stephen , Hendrixson David R.
Published: May 2020

Campylobacter jejuni
monitors intestinal metabolites produced by the host and microbiota to initiate intestinal colonization of avian and animal hosts for commensalism and infection of humans for diarrheal disease. We previously discovered that
C. jejuni
has the capacity to spatially discern different intestinal regions by sensing lactate and the short-chain fatty acids acetate and butyrate and then alter transcription of colonization factors appropriately for in vivo growth. In this study, we identified the
C. jejuni
butyrate-modulated regulon and discovered that the BumSR two-component signal transduction system (TCS) directs a response to butyrate by identifying mutants in a genetic screen defective for butyrate-modulated transcription. The BumSR TCS, which is important for infection of humans and optimal colonization of avian hosts, senses butyrate likely by indirect means to alter transcription of genes encoding important colonization determinants. Unlike many canonical TCSs, the predicted cytoplasmic sensor kinase BumS lacked in vitro autokinase activity, which would normally lead to phosphorylation of the cognate BumR response regulator. Instead, BumS has likely evolved mutations to naturally function as a phosphatase whose activity is influenced by exogenous butyrate to control the level of endogenous phosphorylation of BumR and its ability to alter transcription of target genes. To our knowledge, the BumSR TCS is the only bacterial signal transduction system identified so far that mediates responses to the microbiota-generated intestinal metabolite butyrate, an important factor for host intestinal health and homeostasis. Our findings suggest that butyrate sensing by this system is vital for
C. jejuni
colonization of multiple hosts.
Magnetotransport signatures of Weyl physics and discrete scale invariance in the elemental semiconductor tellurium
Authors: Zhang Nan , Zhao Gan , Li Lin , Wang Pengdong , Xie Lin , Cheng Bin , Li Hui , Lin Zhiyong , Xi Chuanying , Ke Jiezun , Yang Ming , He Jiaqing , Sun Zhe , Wang Zhengfei , Zhang Zhenyu , Zeng Changgan
Published: May 2020

Significance

Recent intensive investigations have revealed unique electronic transport properties in solids hosting Weyl fermions, which were originally proposed in high-energy physics. Up to now, the discovered Weyl systems have been limited to semimetal compounds. Here we demonstrate that the elemental semiconductor tellurium is a Weyl semiconductor, with typical Weyl signatures, including the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance, the planar Hall effect, as well as the intriguing logarithmically periodic magneto-oscillations in the quantum limit regime. Such Weyl semiconductors offer a simple platform for the exploration of novel Weyl physics and topological device applications based on semiconductors and moreover confirm the universality of discrete scale invariance in topological materials.
Acoustic information about upper limb movement in voicing
Authors: Pouw Wim , Paxton Alexandra , Harrison Steven J. , Dixon James A.
Published: May 2020

We show that the human voice has complex acoustic qualities that are directly coupled to peripheral musculoskeletal tensioning of the body, such as subtle wrist movements. In this study, human vocalizers produced a steady-state vocalization while rhythmically moving the wrist or the arm at different tempos. Although listeners could only hear and not see the vocalizer, they were able to completely synchronize their own rhythmic wrist or arm movement with the movement of the vocalizer which they perceived in the voice acoustics. This study corroborates recent evidence suggesting that the human voice is constrained by bodily tensioning affecting the respiratory–vocal system. The current results show that the human voice contains a bodily imprint that is directly informative for the interpersonal perception of another’s dynamic physical states.
A genetic framework for regulation and seasonal adaptation of shoot architecture in hybrid aspen
Authors: Maurya Jay P. , Miskolczi Pal C. , Mishra Sanatkumar , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Bhalerao Rishikesh P.
Published: May 2020

Significance

Control of branching is critical for optimizing growth and adaptation in plants. In contrast with annuals, in perennial plants growing in temperate and boreal regions, branching must be controlled temporally to adapt to seasonal changes. The molecular pathways regulating branching and its adaptation to seasonal changes are not well understood in perennial plants. We identified the genetic network underlying the control of branching and elucidated its role in branching by seasonal cues in model tree hybrid aspen. Our results reveal components mediating photoperiodic control of growth in trees, and conserved branching regulators have been integrated into a genetic network to control branching and facilitate its adaptation to seasonal changes experienced by long-lived perennial plants.
Interpreting for refugees
Authors: Todorova Marija
Published: May 2020

This chapter draws on relevant theory in the area
of interpreting, with a particular focus on working with refugees,
supplemented by the real-life experiences of field interpreters
active during two refugee crises in the territory of the Republic of
North Macedonia. Tackling the question of the discrepancy between
the prescribed neutrality of interpreters and their real-life
experience, the article will look at the different modes of work for
interpreters for refugees in emergency situations, especially in
three settings: interpreters as quasi-mediators, shuttle
interpreters, and as agents for empowering the vulnerable. The
analysis draws on aspects of the intersection between translation
theory and mediation theory. In all three modes, it is important to
place emphasis on specialised training to perform interpreters’
particular duties.
Legal translator and interpreter training in languages of lesser
diffusion in Spain
Authors: Blasco Mayor Maria Jesus
Published: May 2020

This chapter describes the first continuing
education course on legal translation and interpreting in Spain for
languages of lesser diffusion following guidelines established in EU
projects. The course filled the formative gap for legal translators
and interpreters who can act in police and court proceedings
respecting the due process of law in the region of Valencia (Spain).
In this paper we will analyse the advantages and disadvantages of
the use of the blended format for both instructors and students,
with special emphasis on the difficulties encountered by
professionals in active employment as interpreters of languages of
lesser diffusion in the legal settings, without academic training or
professional accreditation. The results of questionnaires
administered both to instructors and students in order to measure
their satisfaction with the course are presented and discussed so
that they can serve as a guide for improvement in future editions
and for institutions willing to offer such training in the European
Area of Justice.
Communication issues during triage in a paediatric emergency
department
Authors: Foulquié-Rubio Ana Isabel , Beteta-Fernández Dolores
Published: May 2020

This chapter presents the results of a
questionnaire-based study carried out in the paediatric emergency
department of one of the main hospitals in the Region of Murcia
(south-eastern Spain). It explores the perceptions of the triage
nurses who communicate with immigrant children and their families,
and the current solutions being applied to address those
communication needs. The results show that nurses experience mainly
linguistic difficulties when communicating with non-Spanish-speaking
patients and their families, and that informal, ad hoc solutions are
the order of the day.
Medical interpreting as an emerging profession in Hong
Kong
Authors: Leung Ester S.M.
Published: May 2020

Medical Interpreting (MI) as a profession is a
recent development and has previously been implemented in Hong Kong
(HK) on an ad hoc basis. The roles that medical interpreters play in
providing ethnic minorities with equal access to public health
services in Hong Kong is informally widely recognised, yet hardly
discussed in either the academic or public arenas. In 2010, the
Hospital Authority outsourced its medical interpreting services to
social services institutions that developed their own methods for
meeting the growing demand for medical interpreting services. This
provided a research opportunity, which adopted a participatory
action approach to developing medical interpreting training
materials and courses that involved different stakeholders such as
the service providers and the ethnic minority interpreters
themselves. Using Schuster’s
(2013) systematic sociological model of the five
transitional stages of language access in the public sector, this
chapter focuses on the emergence and development of the profession
of medical interpreting in Hong Kong, before turning to a
description of the training programme that was developed utilising
materials based on real-life situations.
Singing for peace
Authors: Hidalgo-Downing Laura , Filardo-Llamas Laura
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores how metaphoric creativity contributes to shaping and recontextualizing ideological and socio-political practices in three songs by U2, “Sunday, Bloody Sunday”, “Please” and “Peace on Earth”. The contextual motivations of metaphoric creativity are analyzed by exploring three main dimensions. Metaphoric creativity is analyzed, first, in the conceptualization of the topic of conflict in Northern Ireland in the lyrics of the three songs. Second, it is analyzed as hinging upon the multimodal interaction of verbal and visual modes in the performance of the song “Please” in a YouTube video. Third, we explore the potentiality for creative recontextualization of the songs, which have been performed to reinterpret other political conflicts and tragic events, starting from the 9/11 attacks.
Metaphorical creativity in political cartoons
Authors: Marín-Arrese Juana I.
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to explore the discursive construction of political meaning in cartoons on the present migrant crisis in Europe, and the potential of cartoon discourse for creativity in the use of metaphor and blending. Metaphors, blends and cultural models interact in the representation of events and social actors in cartoons, and the resulting synergistic effect may create meanings which both reflect and reinforce or reshape public opinion (Bergen, 2004; Marín-Arrese, 2008; Forceville, 2009; Schilperoord & Maes, 2009). From a Cognitive Linguistic approach to Critical Discourse Analysis (Charteris-Black, 2006; Hart, 2010; Musolff 2012a), the paper focuses on the use of metaphors and other cognitive mechanisms, and the ways in which political cartoons provide the ideal site for metaphorical creativity as recontextualization (Hidalgo Downing & Kraljevic Mujic, 2013).
Sensory landscapes
Authors: Caballero Rosario
Published: May 2020

This chapter describes the ways architects use language to evoke the visual, olfactory, tactile and interactive experiences afforded by buildings. It discusses how architects transfer their perception of space as knowledge, and how this knowledge is communicated by using figurative language in the architectural review genre. The task of reviewers is to translate those experiences into language in a form that readers can understand and, presumably, relate to through their senses, and do so using metaphorical language that combines information from domains other than architecture as well as from the senses. In this regard, the chapter is ultimately concerned with exploring the ways in which metaphor helps shape the sensory landscapes of architects as staged in architectural reviews.
Exploring dynamic developmental trajectories of writing fluency
Authors: Baba Kyoko
Published: May 2020

This study investigates the developmental trajectories of
L2 writing fluency in 105 university students when the same task procedure
was repeatedly used in a classroom setting throughout an academic year. The
students wrote a timed narrative composition in their English L2 along with
reflective writing in their L1 Japanese every week. Individual growth curve
modeling revealed that their writing fluency increased over a year, but the
rate of change varied significantly from person to person. Case analyses of
high- and low-growth performers suggested that the former seemed to benefit
more from task iteration, and actions that showed reflection in
action and a positive attitude toward the task may have
contributed to increased growth.
Investigating complexity in L2 writing with mixed methods
approaches
Authors: Gilmore Alex , Gánem-Gutiérrez Gabriela Adela
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines L2 writing from a complex systems
perspective, viewing text construction as a process operating over multiple,
interconnected timescales and levels. Any attempt to capture the full
complexity of the system needs to be able to identify the different
components in play, the timescales and levels of social organization at
which they operate, the relationships between the components, and how the
components and their relationships change over time. We argue, similarly to
Dörnyei (2009), that mixed
methods research “suits the multi-level analysis of complex issues, because
it allows investigators to obtain data about both the individual and the
broader societal context” (p. 109) and discuss some of the affordances and
challenges of this approach with respect to L2 writing.
The “Long List” in oral interactions
Authors: Dori-Hacohen Gonen
Published: May 2020

This paper discusses lists, a neglected structure, to challenge taken-for-granted assumptions about them in oral
interactions. Two such assumptions are: unlike narratives, lists are perceived as centered on the delivery of objective information; and
three-part lists are normative. Using Israeli and U.S.A. radio call-in shows data, this paper discusses the “Long List” – a list with more
than three parts. These lists deliver their speaker’s meaning in a structure resembling stories: a “lister” delivers the “list” in a
“listing” process. Listings may be explicit or implicit and may include evaluative elements. Long Lists might appear in chains, and in the
Israeli data Long Lists demonstrate normative features similar to three-part lists in mundane interactions. Connecting them with their
context, lists are sometimes used to emphasize media biases. The conclusion connects the Long Lists to their speech event and to
poetics.
Momentum Spectroscopy for Multiple Ionization of Cold Rubidium in the Elliptically Polarized Laser Field*
Authors: Yuan Junyang , Ma Yixuan , Li Renyuan , Ma Huanyu , Zhang Yizhu , Ye Difa , Shen Zhenjie , Yan Tianmin , Wang Xincheng , Weidemüller Matthias , Jiang Yuhai
Published: May 2020

Employing recently developed magneto-optical trap recoil ion momentum spectroscopy (MOTRIMS) combined with cold atoms, strong laser pulse, and ultrafast technologies, we study momentum distributions of the multiply ionized cold rubidium (Rb) induced by the elliptically polarized laser pulses (35 fs, 1.3 × 1015 W/cm2). The complete vector momenta of Rb
n+ ions up to charge state n = 4 are recorded with extremely high resolution (0.12 a.u. for Rb+). Variations of characteristic multi-bands are displayed in momentum distributions because the ellipticity varies from the linear to circular polarization, are interpreted qualitatively with the classical over-barrier ionization model. Present momentum spectroscopy of cold heavy alkali atoms presents novel strong-field phenomena beyond the noble gases.
Indium Tin Oxide Coated D-Shape Fiber as a Saturable Absorber for Generating a Dark Pulse Mode-Locked Laser*
Authors: Nizamani B. , Salam S. , Jafry A. A. A. , Zahir N. M. , Jurami N. , Abdul Khudus M. I. M. , Shuhaimi A. , Hanafi E. , Harun S. W.
Published: May 2020

A dark pulse mode-locked laser is experimentally demonstrated using the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated D-shape fiber as a saturable absorber (SA). Using the polishing wheel technique, a D-shape single mode fiber was fabricated. A 60-nm-thick layer of ITO was deposited over the D-shape fiber using the electron beam deposition method. The SA has a saturation intensity of 40.32 MW/cm2 and a modulation depth of 3.5%. A stable dark pulse mode-locked laser was observed at a central wavelength of 1559.4 nm with repetition rate 0.98 MHz, pulse width 370 ns and signal-to-noise ratio 61 dB.
Tunable Double-Band Perfect Absorbers via Acoustic Metasurfaces with Nesting Helical Tracks*
Authors: Xie Shu-Huan , Fang Xinsheng , Li Peng-Qi , Huang Sibo , Peng Yu-Gui , Shen Ya-Xi , Li Yong , Zhu Xue-Feng
Published: May 2020

We propose a design of tunable double-band perfect absorbers based on the resonance absorption in acoustic metasurfaces with nesting helical tracks and deep-subwavelength thicknesses (<λ/30 with λ being the operation wavelength). By rotating the cover cap with an open aperture on the nesting helical tracks, we can tailor the effective lengths of resonant tubular cavities in the absorber at will, while the absorption peak frequency is flexibly shifted in spectrum and the acoustic impedance is roughly matched with air. The simulated particle velocity fields at different configurations reveal that sound absorption mainly occurs at the open aperture. Our experiment measurements agree well with the theoretical analysis and simulation, demonstrating the wide-spectrum and tunable absorption performance of the designed flat acoustic device.
Electrically Tunable Wafer-Sized Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator Thin Films Grown by Magnetron Sputtering*
Authors: Guo Qixun , Wu Yu , Xu Longxiang , Gong Yan , Ou Yunbo , Liu Yang , Li Leilei , Yan Yu , Han Gang , Wang Dongwei , Wang Lihua , Long Shibing , Zhang Bowei , Cao Xun , Yang Shanwu , Wang Xuemin , Huang Yizhong , Liu Tao , Yu Guanghua , He Ke , Teng Jiao
Published: May 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TIs) are candidate materials for various electronic and spintronic devices due to their strong spin-orbit coupling and unique surface electronic structure. Rapid, low-cost preparation of large-area TI thin films compatible with conventional semiconductor technology is the key to the practical applications of TIs. Here we show that wafer-sized Bi
2
Te
3
family TI and magnetic TI films with decent quality and well-controlled composition and properties can be prepared on amorphous SiO
2
/Si substrates by magnetron cosputtering. The SiO
2
/Si substrates enable us to electrically tune (Bi
1–x

Sbx
)2
Te
3
and Cr-doped (Bi
1–x
Sbx
)2
Te
3
TI films between p-type and n-type behavior and thus study the phenomena associated with topological surface states, such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE). This work significantly facilitates the fabrication of TI-based devices for electronic and spintronic applications.
An undergraduate laboratory experiment to accurately measure the speed of light
Authors: Murray Andrew James
Published: May 2020

In 1983 the speed of light was set as an exact quantity. It is now one of the fundamental constants in physics, with the meter being directly related to this speed and the definition of the second. As such, experiments that calculate the speed of light with high precision are important in university undergraduate laboratories. In the experiment discussed here, a method is described that allows the speed of light to be calculated using an apparatus that fits onto a 1 m bench-top. An advantage of this method is that a simple digital voltmeter can be used. This measures the amplitude-modulated output from a laser beam emerging from a multi-pass cell that is mixed with that from a reference beam. The relative phase shift is determined as the modulation frequency changes, allowing the speed of light to be ascertained. Full details of the apparatus and the electronics designed for the experiment are presented.
Swing Reactivity Calculation of Accelerator Driven System Subcritical Reactor 100 MWth
Authors: Sudarmono  , Suwoto  , Rohanda A. , Hastuti EP. , Kasezas Y.
Published: May 2020

Accelerator driven system (ADS) applied subcritical reactor which can effectively transmute plutonium, minor actinide, and thorium as nuclear waste. In order to lower the amount of nuclear wastes sent to the geological repository, an optimized scattered reloading scheme for ADS is proposed to maximize the discharge burnup and lower the burnup reactivity loss. Accelerator Driven System ( ADS) system lead store duce of the amount of the Pu and Th, so it’s not only can create the addition of energy source, but also high safety reactor. The fuel used in this reactor is obtained from LWR’s spent fuel and thorium - based fuel. The use of thorium-based fuel can lower k-eff of the core and generates U-233, which is a nuclear fuel for critical reactor. Neutron obtained from spallation reaction of Pb-Bi target is placed in the center of the core. This ADS design produces subcritical k-eff during the operation of the reactor and can decrease the amount of fission products of LWR’s spent fuel and produce U-233. The objective of the calculation are criticality as a function of burn up (swing reactivity) in the subcritical assembly fuel. this ADS fuel is originated from UO2 PWR spent fuel with enrichment of 3,4 % and burn up level 64 GWD or 100 MWt for 1825 days calculation of accelerator driven system subcritical reactor 100MWth has been performed. This research d one by using Origen2.1, SRAC2006 and MCNP6 Code. Based on the results swing reactivity of the calculation by using Origen2.1 Code, indicates that Kinf whose value be low subcritical condition (k-eff<1) is Kinf resulted fromTh-232 with percentage from 10% to 5%(as U-238 substitution).the calculation by using SRAC2006 Code indicates that at the beginning of life (BOL), the k-eff of ADS design with 50 cm thickness is 0.9821491 and at the end of life (EOL) k-eff is 0.9396284 and the calculation by using MCNP6 Code. At beginning of life (BOL), the k-eff of ADS design is 0.9847 and the end of life (EOL) is 0.9823.The presence of plutonium and mayor actinides makes k-eff get slightly lower. Arrangement at this ADS model is performed to produce subcritical condition, in which an increase in fuel volume cause k-eff>I.
Isolation and Characterization of Amylase-Producing Amylolytic Bacteria from Rice Soil Samples
Authors: Silaban Saronom , Marika Dona Best , Simorangkir Murniaty
Published: May 2020

Amylase is an enzyme that plays a role in hydrolyzing starch to simple sugars. This protein is very important for various industrial processes. Microorganisms are considered as the best source of amylase production. This study was aimed at isolating and dentifying amylolytic bacteria from rice soil samples that have the potential to produce amylase enzymes. Rice soil samples were collected from two locations, namely the Percut Sei Tuan area and Labu Beach. Samples was isolated, then macroscopically identified with microscopy, and microscopically characterized with catalase test, endospore staining and gram staining. The identification results showed that 14 bacterial isolates from the two samples potential to produce amylase enzymes. The isolates which were characterized with catalase test showed positive results for all isolates. The characterization results with endospora staining showed 7 positive isolates and 7 negative isolates. Likewise with the results of gram staining characterization. Thus, from the two sample locations obtained amylolytic bacteria that potentially produce amylase enzymes.
Analysis of Safety Reactivity Factor on RSG-GAS Core using New Fuel
Authors: Surbakti T , Surian P , Farisy Y , Imron M
Published: May 2020

The RSG-GAS is using U3Si2-Al dispersion fuels with a uranium density of 2.96 gU/cc. The silicide uranium fuels are not used anymore for the future. To anticipate the usage of other fuels in the RSG-GAS core, UMo-Al fuels were chosen. The UMo-Al fuel has many advantages some of them, it can be used at a higher density in the reactor core. There are high uranium densities in UMo-Al dispersion fuels up to 16 gU/cm3 with numerous contents of Mo. In this analysis, the RSG-GAS core is used with a high density of UMo-Al fuel. The neutronic parameter is such as reactivity balances, keff, and power peaking factor and safety reactivity factor of UMo-Al fuel with higher density. The UMo-Al core criticality data are achieved by calculation using the Batan-FUEL code. The UMo-Al fuel macroscopic cross-section data as the output of cell calculation WIMSD-B5 (ENDFVII.0) were used for the calculation. The core calculations were performed using a 2 and 3 dimension diffusion code. The calculation results show that the good fuel for RSG-GAS is U7Mo-Al with maximum radial and axial power peaking factor of U7Mo-Al with high density at 20 cm control rod depth is 1.32 and 1.73 respectively and safety reactivity factor more than 1.5. The results show that all neutronic parameters are met the safety criteria. Hence U7Mo with higher density could be applied for RSG-GAS core and operated for 1500 MWD cycle length