bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A scoping review of the caregiver training literature for individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kemmerer Ashley R. , Vladescu Jason C. , DeBar Ruth M. , Sidener Tina M. , Bell Marlesha C.
Published: April 2023

Both caregiver training and the collection of social validity data are considered to be important and integral part of applied behavior analytic treatment for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Previous reviewers have offered repeated calls for increased frequency of social validity data collection but recently, the increased understanding and focus on equitable and culturally responsive behavior analytic treatment have again highlighted the importance of social validity data collection. One recent review of behavior analytic treatments for children of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds conducted an in‐depth analysis of social validity data collection. The authors found generally vague descriptions of social validity provided as well as data collected primarily after a study was conducted. No previous caregiver training reviews have specifically evaluated socially validity data collection within the context of caregiver training nor have they evaluated cultural responsiveness of the treatments. The current scoping review evaluated general findings on caregiver training as well as expanded the scope of previous reviews by providing an analysis of social validity data collection in caregiver training and variables to consider when providing culturally responsive treatment.
Evaluation of a break‐to‐choice chained‐schedule intervention for multiply maintained problem behavior
Authors: Livingston Cynthia P. , Melanson Isaac J. , Martinez Sarah , Anderson Heather
Published: April 2023

Interventions for multiply maintained problem behavior often involve developing separate treatment conditions to address each function. Although isolating treatment conditions lead to positive outcomes, developing individual treatments for each identified function may be time‐consuming. Alternatively, synthesizing treatment procedures may allow for more efficient treatment effects. We extended previous research by evaluating functional communication training (FCT) and chained schedules of reinforcement to treat multiply maintained problem behavior in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. First, we conducted a functional analysis that concluded problem behavior was multiply maintained. Next, we taught functional communication responses (FCRs) and implemented a chained schedule of reinforcement. During the initial link, FCRs for a break resulted in the presentation of a choice menu with the other putative reinforcers in the terminal link. The relevant reinforcer was delivered contingent on the emission of subsequent FCRs. Finally, we systematically schedule thinned to caregiver‐informed terminal schedules for each participant. The results of our study demonstrated that FCT, in combination with a sequential compound schedule of reinforcement, effectively decreased multiply maintained problem behavior and increased appropriate alternative responses (FCRs and compliance) even at terminal schedules of reinforcement.
The forensic assessment of dissociation: Distinguishing real from the unreal
Authors: Scott Charles L. , Salem Amanie M. , Tindell William W. , Neely Hunter K. , Blum Austin W.
Published: April 2023

Because a wide range of disorders incorporate dissociative symptoms, evaluators should be familiar with evidence‐based approaches to evaluating dissociation claims in the clinical and forensic context. This article provides specific guidelines for practitioners when conducting a forensic assessment of individuals who report dissociative symptoms. We review the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition disorders that include dissociation as a symptom, highlight how to distinguish genuine versus atypical symptoms of dissociative identity disorder, and summarize strengths and weaknesses of structured assessments in the evaluation of dissociative claims.
FerryCalin: an Engineered Lipocalin Protein Directed against the Transferrin Receptor with Potential for Brain Drug Delivery
Authors: Nästle Lea , Deuschle Friedrich‐Christian , Morath Volker , Skerra Arne
Published: April 2023

The transferrin receptor (TfR) mediates transcytosis across the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which offers a promising approach for the non‐invasive delivery of therapeutics into the brain parenchyma. Employing the recombinant homodimeric murine TfR ectodomain, prepared in a biochemically functional state, we have selected a cognate Anticalin via phage display and bacterial cell surface display from a random library based on the human lipocalin 2 (Lcn2). After affinity maturation, several engineered lipocalin variants were identified that bind murine TfR in a non‐competitive manner with the natural ligand (transferrin ⋅ Fe3+), among those an Anticalin – dubbed FerryCalin – exhibiting a dissociation constant (KD) of 3.8 nM. Epitope analysis using the SPOT technique revealed a sequential epitope in a surface region of TfR remote from the transferrin‐binding site. Due to the fast kon rate and short complex half‐life, as evidenced by real‐time surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements, FerryCalin, or one of its related mutants, shows characteristics as a potential vehicle for the brain delivery of biopharmaceuticals.
Structural Investigation of Small Nickel‐Ethanol Clusters Using Vibrational Spectroscopy in a Molecular Beam
Authors: Dietrich Fabian , Becherer Markus , Bellaire Daniel , Gerhards Markus
Published: April 2023

The structural identification of small nickel clusters with ethanol can help to understand fundamental steps for heterogenous catalysis. We investigate the rows [Nix(EtOH)1]+ with x=1–4, and [Ni2(EtOH)y]+ with y=1–3 via IR photodissociation spectroscopy in a molecular beam experiment. Analyzing the CH‐ and OH‐stretching frequencies and comparing these experimental results with density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the PW91/6‐311+G(d,p) level leads to the identification of intact motifs for all clusters and hints for C−O cleavage of the ethanol in two particular cases. Furthermore, we analyze the effects of frequency shifts with the increasing clusters sizes using the results of natural bond orbitals (NBO) analyses and an energy decomposition method.
Sex differences in the relationship between platelet count and type 2 diabetes risk in community‐dwelling adults: Longitudinal findings over 14 years
Authors: Yun Eun Kyeong , Seo In‐Ho , Lee Hye Sun , Seol So‐Young , Lee Yong‐Jae
Published: April 2023

Aims

Emerging evidence suggests that platelet count predicts the development of type 2 diabetes; however, there is conflicting evidence concerning the relationship in men and women. This study aimed to assess the longitudinal association between platelet count and the incidence risk of type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

Among 10,030 participants, 7325 participants (3439 men and 3886 women) without diabetes were selected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Platelet count quartiles were divided as follows: Q1 ≤219, Q2, 220–254, Q3, 255–296 and Q4 ≥297 (x103/ml) for men and ≤232, 233–266, 267–305 and ≥306 (x103/μL) for women. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidential intervals (CIs) for incident type 2 diabetes were calculated using multiple Cox proportional hazards regression models according to sex‐specific platelet count quartiles.

Results

During the biennial follow‐up period from 2001 to 2002 to 2013–2014, 750 male participants (21.8%, 750/3439) and 730 female participants (18.8%, 730/3886) had newly developed type 2 diabetes. For women, compared to the reference first quartile, the HRs for incident type 2 diabetes in the second, third, and fourth platelet count quartiles were 1.20 (0.96–1.50), 1.21(0.97–1.51), and 1.47 (1.18–1.82) after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, mean arterial blood pressure, family history of diabetes, and HOMA‐IR. However, these positive relationships were not observed in men after adjusting for the same co‐variables.

Conclusions

Platelet count was independently associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes only in women.
eDNA metabarcoding from aquatic biofilms allows studying spatial and temporal fluctuations of fish communities from Lake Geneva
Authors: Rivera Sinziana F. , Vasselon Valentin , Bouchez Agnès , Rimet Frédéric
Published: April 2023

Fish communities are now studied non‐invasively using environmental DNA (eDNA) recovered from water samples. The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility of surveying these communities using fish eDNA passively “captured” by aquatic biofilms. To this end, biofilm samples developing on natural and artificial substrates were collected every 2 weeks for a year and a half in a large lake (Lake Geneva). DNA was extracted from biofilms and fish communities were targeted using a standard 12S barcode with a metabarcoding approach. The fish eDNA signal recovered from biofilms revealed temporal and spatial changes in fish communities. These changes were linked to fish habitat preferences and spawning season. Peaks in the eDNA signal of some taxa fitted with their spawning period reported in the literature. We evidenced that the nature of the biofilm's substrate (natural or artificial) does not affect the image obtained of the fish community composition. Furthermore, by using biofilms grown on artificial substrates, the studied temporal window of the eDNA signal can be controlled. With biofilms acting as environmental passive samplers, our results open up the possibility to accurately monitor fish communities and their temporal and spatial changes with eDNA in a faster and less expensive way than with the classical water filtration approach.
Tetrathiaporphyrine: A Novel Natural Product from Allium Subgenus Melanocrommyum
Authors: Rüger Fabian , Heine Andreas , Vornicescu Doru , Keusgen Michael
Published: April 2023

A novel purple‐red pigment from the plant genus of Allium (onions, leeks), subgenus Melanocrommyum (drumstick onions), is described. Because of this pigment, which reminds of blood, some species of the subgenus Melanocrommyum are used in Southwest and Central Asia as herbal medications, as spices or as vegetables. A proposal for the formation of this structure is provided, which is the first example of a tetrathiaporphyrin in nature. The described substance shows low stability towards thermal stress, light and oxidant; additionally, its symmetric nature made structural elucidation a challenge. It could be shown that, contrary to previous reports, the structure of the red pigment is that of a tetrathiaporphyrin. Full structure elucidation was only possible by X‐ray crystallography and total synthesis of the intended molecule. Further on, the newly discovered red pigment was used for the modification of nanoparticles and monitoring its polymerization events using SPR.
Mycotoxins in milk: Occurrence and evaluation of certain detoxification attempts
Authors: Youssef Nesrine H. , El Gammal Mohamed H. , Altaie Hayman A. A. , Qadhi Alaa , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Losacco Caterina , Abd El‐Hack Mohamed E. , Abdelsalam Nader R.
Published: April 2023

Milk contaminated with mycotoxins is a significant issue affecting human health, especially in infants. The current study aimed to investigate the presence of mycotoxins in milk collected from women farmers' vendors (WFV), and to evaluate certain herbal plant fibers as green mycotoxin binders. Moreover, explore the binding efficiency ratios of mycotoxins using shaking or soaking process incorporated with herbal extracts. Furthermore, compare the taste evaluations of tested milk are enriched with herbal extracts. Results indicated that the fumonisins were not detected in the collected cow milk samples but realized a 25% occurrence ratio in buffalo's milk samples. A high occurrence ratio of aflatoxin M1 (aflaM1) was observed in buffalo and cow milk samples. The soaking process of plant fibers in contaminated milk overnight significantly degrades and adsorbs mycotoxins particles. The shacking process incorporated with plant fibers exhibited more effectiveness in mycotoxins degradation than soaking or shacking processes alone. The speed of shacking process played an important role in the mycotoxin's binding process. All the tested plant fibers effectively reduced all mycotoxin presence in contaminated milk, especially green tea, during the soaking or shacking process. Moreover, the shacking process incorporated with plant fibers promoted and supported the mycotoxins degradation process.
Tumor volume as a predictor of survival in advanced laryngeal cancer treated with total laryngectomy
Authors: Hanubal Krishna S. , Galochkina Zhanna , Lee Ji‐Hyun , List Marna A. , Massini Tara C. , Conrad Dustin , Hughley Brian , Danan Deepa , DeJesus Reordan , Hitchcock Kathryn , Nichols Spencer , Mendenhall William , Dziegielewski Peter T.
Published: April 2023

Background

Recent literature shows that tumor volume (TV) in T3 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is associated with response to radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TV on survival outcomes in patients undergoing total laryngectomy (TL).

Methods

One hundred and seventeen patients with LSCC undergoing TL between 2013 and 2020 at the University of Florida were included. TV was measured using a previously validated method on preoperative‐CT scans. Multivariable CoxPH models for overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS), metastasis‐free survival (MFS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were developed with TV.

Results

Mean age was 61.5 years and 81.2% were male. Higher TV was associated with decreased OS, MFS, DSS, and RFS with adjusted hazard ratios 1.02 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.03), 1.01, (95%CI: 1.00, 1.03), 1.03 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.06), and 1.02 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.03) respectively. TV >7.1 cc had worse prognoses.

Conclusions

TV appears associated with decreased survival in LSCC treated with TL.
Abnormal alanine aminotransferase levels in patients with moderate or severe ovarian hyperstimulation result in an increased risk of obstetric complications
Authors: Qi Tiange , Hu Yueyue , Liu Mei , Tian Liu , Peng Zhiyu , Xu Hongyi , Zhang Changjun
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To explore the effect of abnormally elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on pregnancy outcomes in patients with moderate and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) at disease onset.

Methods

This was a single‐center retrospective cohort study conducted between January 1, 2014 and October 31, 2021. A total of 3550 fresh in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryo transfer cycles were included, using Golan's three‐degree, five‐level classification to diagnose patients with OHSS. According to the patient's ALT level after diagnosis of OHSS, 123 (3.46%) patients with moderate‐to‐severe OHSS were divided into two groups. A control group included 3427 (96.54%) non‐OHSS patients, and 91 (2.56%) abnormal ALT patients were matched with the control group for propensity scores.

Results

There was no difference in baseline data between the abnormal ALT and matched control groups. The incidence of obstetric complications was significantly higher in the abnormal ALT group than in the matched control group (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, the incidence of obstetric complications in the abnormal ALT group was still higher than that in the normal ALT group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In patients with moderate and severe OHSS, higher ALT levels resulted in an increased risk of obstetric and neonatal complications.
Prospective, open‐label, multicenter clinical study to assess the performance of a new donation system for the collection of source plasma
Authors: Mason Emily , Dawson Kati , Rhodes Jack , Kelley James , Meyer Erin Goodhue , Simon Toby L.
Published: April 2023

Background

Safe, efficient, and reliable innovations among donation systems are needed to meet the growing global demand for source plasma. This study assessed the ability of a new donation system to collect appropriate product weights based on the US Food and Drug Administration nomogram for source plasma collections. Procedure duration and safety endpoints were also collected.

Study Design and Methods

The Rika Plasma Donation System (Terumo BCT, Inc., Lakewood, CO) was evaluated in a prospective, open‐label, multicenter study. Healthy adults meeting FDA and Plasma Protein Therapeutics Association requirements for source plasma donor eligibility were consented and enrolled in the study resulting in 124 evaluable products.

Results

The target product collection weights (ie, including plasma and anticoagulant) by participant weight category were: 705 g (110–149 lbs), 845 g (150–174 lbs), and 900 g (≥175 lbs). The mean reported product collection weights by participant weight category were 705.0 ± 0.00, 845.0 ± 0.20, and 899.9 ± 0.31 g, respectively. The mean overall procedure time was 31.5 ± 5.41 minutes. The mean procedure times by participant weight category were 25.6 ± 3.13, 30.5 ± 4.45, and 33.7 ± 4.80 minutes, respectively. Procedure‐emergent adverse events (PEAEs) occurred in five participants. All PEAEs were consistent with known risks for apheresis donation, and none were related to the donation system.

Conclusions

The new donation system collected the target product collection weight in 100% of evaluable products. The mean procedure collection time was 31.5 minutes. The system is a new efficient platform that consistently collects the appropriate weight of the source plasma.
Levofloxacin degradation in electro‐Fenton system with Fe@Co/GF composite cathode
Authors: Jia Xiaoning , Li Cailan , Zhao Xia , Xu Miao , Cai Yongjie , Huang Jing , Wu Tong
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Elements of transition metals have a distinct non‐nuclear electronic structure, and modifying electrodes with transition metals can increase electrocatalytic activity. Due to its low cost and high electrical conductivity, graphite felt (GF) is frequently used as the carbon base material for modified electrodes. GF was treated with KOH and subsequently loaded with the bimetal Fe and Co to create a cathode (Fe@Co/GF) with enhanced catalytic activity in this study.

RESULTS

Under optimal experimental conditions (initial levofloxacin (LEV) concentration of 30 mg L−1, electric voltage of 8 V, GF thickness of 3 mm, an aeration rate of 3 4.5 L min−1, Na2SO4 concentration of 0.05 mol L−1, initial Fe2+ concentration of 0.1 mmol L−1, initial pH of 3, KOH activation temperature of 900 °C and Fe@Co ratio of 1:3), the LEV elimination rate was 90.38% and the mineralization rate was 88.53% within 160 min. Compared to the GF cathode, both the total LEV degradation rate and the total mineralization rate increased by approximately 20%. When Fe@Co/GF was used as the cathode in an electro‐Fenton (EF) system without an applied iron source, the Fenton reaction could still occur. In addition, Fe@Co/GF also promoted the degradation of ciprofloxacin in the EF system.

CONCLUSION

According to morphological and other statistical data, the modified cathode has a larger specific surface area, larger pores and a greater number of active sites. Electrochemical performance measurements indicate that the modified cathode is more responsive to current. Fe@Co/GF cathode was simple to prepare and contributed significantly to the LEV removal process when used as the cathode in an EF system, thereby decreasing the LEV degradation time. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Extraction of bioactive compounds in Muntingia calabura peels and identification using DI‐ESI‐MS
Authors: da Silva Luciana Alves , Raimundini Aranha Ana Caroline , Tonin Angélica Priscila Parussolo , de Lima Jéssica Carvalho , Cuco Roberta Pazinato , Filho Lúcio Cardozo , Meurer Eduardo Cesar , Madrona Grasiele Scaramal , da Silva Scapim Mônica Regina
Published: April 2023

Background

The purpose of the work reported in this article was to perform the drying of Muntingia calabura peels and to evaluate the performance of supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction and solid–liquid extraction. Four types of extracts were analyzed for mean values of antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and bioactive compounds in positive and negative modes (0.1% MeOH–NH4OH) using direct injection in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Two of the lipid samples, extracted by fluid supercritical CO2, were used for the determination of the profile of triacylglycerols.

Results

Regarding the quantification of compounds, in the extracts SH30 and SH60 were found 18 bioactive compounds; and for the extracts obtained using solid–liquid and ultrasound‐assisted extraction, 12 compounds were found. The triacylglycerols formed by palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were found with the highest incidence in the lipid samples.

Conclusions

For the quantification of total phenolic compounds and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the four extracts, the results showed a higher retention of the compounds in the samples extracted with supercritical fluid. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Assessment of attitudes towards the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in a single center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alawad Nawaf , Alangari Abdullah , Allhybi Abdulaziz , Masud Nazish , Almuzaini Faisal , Alshamari Mohammed , Umair Muhammad , Alfadhel Majid
Published: April 2023

In this cross‐sectional study, we assessed the attitudes of the general public in Saudi Arabia regarding both medical and non‐medical applications of pre‐implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The study was conducted in King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh with a sample size of 377. Demographic information was collected, and attitudes towards applications of PGD were assessed using a pre‐validated self‐administered questionnaire. Out of the total sample size, 230 (61%) were males, 258 (68%) were married, 235 (63%) had one child or more, and 255 (68%) were older than 30 years of age representing the majority of participants. Only 87 (23%) of participants reported prior experience with PGD. Personally, knowing someone who had a prior experience with PGD was associated with higher attitude scores (more favorable attitudes towards PGD) (p‐value = 0.04). The findings of this study indicate that our sample of Saudi individuals generally had a positive attitude towards the use of PGD.
Evaluating treatment response following locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A review of the available serological and radiological tools for assessment
Authors: Cox Daniel R A , Chung William , Grace Josephine , Wong Darren , Kutaiba Numan , Ranatunga Dinesh , Khor Richard , Perini Marcos V , Fink Michael , Jones Robert , Goodwin Mark , Dobrovic Alex , Testro Adam , Muralidharan Vijayaragavan
Published: April 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive primary malignancy of the liver and is the third most common cause of cancer‐related global mortality. There has been a steady increase in treatment options for HCC in recent years, including innovations in both curative and non‐curative therapies. These advances have brought new challenges and necessary improvements in strategies of disease monitoring, to allow early detection of HCC recurrence. Current serological and radiological strategies for post‐treatment monitoring and prognostication and their limitations will be discussed and evaluated in this review.
Updates on Compositional MRI Mapping of the Cartilage: Emerging Techniques and Applications
Authors: Zibetti Marcelo V. W. , Menon Rajiv G. , de Moura Hector L. , Zhang Xiaoxia , Kijowski Richard , Regatte Ravinder R.
Published: April 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widely occurring degenerative joint disease that is severely debilitating and causes significant socioeconomic burdens to society. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality for the morphological evaluation of cartilage due to its excellent soft tissue contrast and high spatial resolution. However, its utilization typically involves subjective qualitative assessment of cartilage. Compositional MRI, which refers to the quantitative characterization of cartilage using a variety of MRI methods, can provide important information regarding underlying compositional and ultrastructural changes that occur during early OA. Cartilage compositional MRI could serve as early imaging biomarkers for the objective evaluation of cartilage and help drive diagnostics, disease characterization, and response to novel therapies. This review will summarize current and ongoing state‐of‐the‐art cartilage compositional MRI techniques and highlight emerging methods for cartilage compositional MRI including MR fingerprinting, compressed sensing, multiexponential relaxometry, improved and robust radio‐frequency pulse sequences, and deep learning‐based acquisition, reconstruction, and segmentation. The review will also briefly discuss the current challenges and future directions for adopting these emerging cartilage compositional MRI techniques for use in clinical practice and translational OA research studies.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Presurgical MRI‐Based Radiomics Models for Predicting Cerebellar Mutism Syndrome in Children With Posterior Fossa Tumors
Authors: Yang Wei , Yang Ping , Li Yiming , Chen Jiahui , Chen Jiashu , Cai Yingjie , Zhu Kaiyi , Zhang Hong , Li Yanhua , Peng Yun , Ge Ming
Published: April 2023

Background

Current studies have indicated that tumoral morphologic features are associated with cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS), but the radiomics application in CMS is scarce.

Purpose

To develop a model for CMS discrimination based on multiparametric MRI radiomics in patients with posterior fossa tumors.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 218 patients (males 132, females 86) with posterior fossa tumors, 169 of which were included in the MRI radiomics analysis. The MRI radiomics study cohort (169) was split into training (119) and testing (50) sets with a ratio of 7:3.

Field/Sequence

All the MRI were acquired under 1.5/3.0 T scanners. T2‐weighted image (T2W), T1‐weighted (T1W), fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).

Assessment

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated from DWI. Each MRI dataset generated 1561 radiomics characteristics. Feature selection was performed with univariable logistic analysis, correlation analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized logistic regression. Significant clinical features were selected with multivariable logistic analysis and used to constructed the clinical model. Radiomics models (based on T1W, T2W, FLAIR, DWI, ADC) were constructed with selected radiomics features. The mix model was based on the multiparametric MRI radiomics features.

Statistical Test

Multivariable logistic analysis was utilized during clinical features selection. Models' performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve. Interobserver variability was assessed using Cohen's kappa. Significant threshold was set as P < 0.05.

Results

Sex (aOR = 3.72), tumor location (aOR = 2.81), hydrocephalus (aOR = 2.14), and tumor texture (aOR = 5.08) were significant features in the multivariable analysis and were used to construct the clinical model (AUC = 0.79); totally, 33 radiomics features were selected to construct radiomics models (AUC = 0.63–0.93). Seven of the 33 radiomics features were selected for the mix model (AUC = 0.93).

Data Conclusion

Multiparametric MRI radiomics may be better at predicting CMS than single‐parameter MRI models and clinical model.

Evidence Level

4.

Technical Efficacy

2.
Investigation of palladium gated polarity controllable FET as a highly sensitive and robust hydrogen gas sensor
Authors: Pandey Priyanka , Kaur Harsupreet
Published: April 2023

The paper investigates the design and performance of a novel palladium gated‐polarity controllable Field Effect Transistor (FET) (PC‐FET) for hydrogen gas sensing applications. In the present work, catalytic sensing metal gate (palladium) is chosen as control gate (CG) and hydrogen gas molecules are exposed on the region controlled by CG. A compact analytical model has been derived for PC‐FET based sensor and the performance of the proposed gas sensor has been examined in terms of energy band profile, surface potential, electric field, transfer characteristics and transconductance and the derived analytical results are verified using TCAD simulated results. Furthermore, the sensitivity metrics such as threshold voltage sensitivity, drain current sensitivity, transconductance sensitivity and ION/OFF sensitivity have also been extensively investigated for both modes of proposed sensor for a wide range of pressure that is, 10−14–10−8 Torr.
Melanoma metastatic to the adrenal gland: An update on the role of adrenalectomy in multidisciplinary management
Authors: Asare Elliot A. , Fisher Sarah B. , Chiang Yi‐Ju , Haydu Lauren E. , Patel Sameer H. , Keung Emily Z. , Lucci Anthony , Wargo Jennifer , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Ross Merrick I. , Lee Jeffrey. E.
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives

Modern systemic therapy (immune checkpoint blockade [ICB], targeted therapy) has improved survival for patients with metastatic melanoma. The role of adrenal metastasectomy is not well characterized in this setting.

Methods

Consecutive patients treated with adrenalectomy 1/1/2007–1/1/2019 were retrospectively compared to patients treated with systemic therapy alone in the same time period. Overall survival and survival after adrenal metastasis were compared, prognostic factors associated with survival after adrenal metastasis development were evaluated.

Results

A total of 74 patients underwent adrenalectomy and were compared to 69 treated with systemic therapy alone. The most common indications for adrenalectomy were to render the patient disease‐free in the setting of isolated adrenal metastasis (n = 32, 43.2%) or treatment of isolated progression in the setting of other stable/responding metastases (n = 32, 43.2%). Patients treated surgically had longer survival (116.9 vs. 11.0 months after adrenal metastasis diagnosis, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, receipt of ICB (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.40–0.95]) and selection for adrenalectomy (HR: 0.27, 95% CI: [0.17–0.42]) were the strongest factors associated with improved survival after adrenal metastasis diagnosis.

Conclusions

Selective application of adrenal metastasectomy is associated with prolonged survival benefit and remains an important consideration in the multidisciplinary management of patients with metastatic melanoma.
Fisher–KPP equation on the Heisenberg group
Authors: Kashkynbayev Ardak , Suragan Durvudkhan , Torebek Berikbol T.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we consider the Fisher–KPP equation on the Heisenberg group. We discuss the existence of global solutions, asymptotic behavior of global solutions and blow‐up solutions. Moreover, we extend the obtained results to the time‐fractional Fisher–KPP equation on the Heisenberg group.
Effect of risk aversion on supply chain performance and energy contracting design with financial asymmetry
Authors: Wu Qunli , Xu Xinxin , Tian Ye
Published: April 2023

Energy performance contracting is a contractual arrangement between clients and energy service companies. At present, it is a key tool to implement energy efficiency measures in the existing supply chain management. In this paper, we study the efficiency of the energy performance contracting in a supply chain including one risk‐averse supplier and two risk‐neutral manufacturers with financial asymmetry. The manufacturer with weak finance has no funds to order enough raw materials; thus, the supplier offers a trade credit financing to ensure her normal operation and participate in the competition with the financially strong manufacturer in the market. However, neither manufacturer has extra capitals to develop emission reduction activities. Therefore, the upstream supplier acts as an energy service company and provides an energy performance contracting for two downstream manufacturers to reduce carbon taxes. We analyze important factors such as risk aversion coefficient, carbon tax saving sharing ratio, and variable cost coefficient to explore whether and which manufacturer the supplier should select to provide an energy performance contracting. The results show that, when the risk aversion is high, the supplier will not provide energy‐saving services for any manufacturer. When the risk aversion and the variable cost are low, the supplier tends to offer an energy performance contracting for the manufacturer with weak finance, because the supplier can get more utility from higher wholesale price. However, with the increase of costs, the supplier with a low risk aversion is more willing to provide emission reduction services for the financially strong manufacturer. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis demonstrates that there is always a Pareto region to optimize the utility of supplier and manufacturers, when the supplier provides energy performance contracting for both manufacturers.
Renormalization group method for solving initial value problem of slow‐fast system
Authors: Sun Ning , Shi Shaoyun , Li Wenlei
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we apply the singular renormalization group (RG) method to study the initial value problem of slow‐fast system. Based on some basic assumptions, we construct a uniformly valid approximate solution by an explicit renormalization group procedure, and then give a rigorous proof of the error estimate up to second order. Moreover, a classical example in optimal control is presented to illustrate the effectiveness. Our results extend the applications of RG method to some extent and are consistent with previous results as well.
Latest audit shows the Diabetes Prevention Programme is pressing ahead in tackling non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia and type 2 risk
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: April 2023

Findings from the latest National Diabetes Audit of the NHS Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) may point the way forward in reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes.

As shown by the audit, inequity of outcomes and variations in care processes still prevail, along with the need to refer people with non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia to the DPP. The audit report's recommended measures to address these could be a promising route forward. Steve Chaplin reports.
Embedding guidelines into clinical practice
Authors: Winter Judy
Published: April 2023

Type 2 diabetes is a complex, chronic illness requiring continuous medical care with multifactorial risk‐reduction strategies beyond glycaemic control. Cardiovascular and metabolic derangements individually and interdependently lead to a substantial increase in cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney disease is also associated with increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity, premature mortality and decreased quality of life. Established and evolving treatment strategies including moderate physical activity, weight reduction, rigorous blood pressure control, correction of dyslipidaemia, and glycaemic control have proven beneficial in reversing these abnormal responses and decreasing the cardiovascular risk. Most patients with type 2 diabetes are treated by their primary health care team who need guidance in choosing the best treatment regimens for their patients since the number of glucose‐lowering agents is rapidly increasing, as is the amount of clinical data regarding these drugs. Early intervention models of care improve glycaemic, cardiovascular and patient outcomes. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Every breath you take
Authors: Naples Mark
Published: April 2023

ESG. Three small letters perhaps, but they are having a huge impact on science, industry, and everyday life. In industries that operate in hazardous environments, such as oil and gas mining and refineries, those letters stand for much more than environmental, social, and governance policies. They represent a framework around which an entirely new operational structure must be built, changing every level of a business from the top down.
A kick‐start for start‐ups
Authors: Lee Carlos
Published: April 2023

Carlos Lee, EPIC's director general, talks to Marc Ricci, general director of Pôle Optitec, a cluster based in southern France dedicated to innovative photonics technologies.
Drug‐drug interaction from self‐medication
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: April 2023

Polypharmacy in elderly patients poses significant risk for the occurrence of drug‐drug interaction, especially when the patient or caregiver decides to manage discomfort via self‐medication with over‐the‐counter medications or prescription drugs. The following report described a case of adverse serotonergic and cholinergic reaction in an elderly patient after self‐medication.
Summarizing empirical information on between‐study heterogeneity for Bayesian random‐effects meta‐analysis
Authors: Röver Christian , Sturtz Sibylle , Lilienthal Jona , Bender Ralf , Friede Tim
Published: April 2023

In Bayesian meta‐analysis, the specification of prior probabilities for the between‐study heterogeneity is commonly required, and is of particular benefit in situations where only few studies are included. Among the considerations in the set‐up of such prior distributions, the consultation of available empirical data on a set of relevant past analyses sometimes plays a role. How exactly to summarize historical data sensibly is not immediately obvious; in particular, the investigation of an empirical collection of heterogeneity estimates will not target the actual problem and will usually only be of limited use. The commonly used normal‐normal hierarchical model for random‐effects meta‐analysis is extended to infer a heterogeneity prior. Using an example data set, we demonstrate how to fit a distribution to empirically observed heterogeneity data from a set of meta‐analyses. Considerations also include the choice of a parametric distribution family. Here, we focus on simple and readily applicable approaches to then translate these into (prior) probability distributions.
Sensitive and Label‐Free Electrochemical Immunosensor for Alpha Fetoprotein Based on N‐Doped Hollow Nanocarbon Spheres Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Lu Shiyun , Lin Yun , Lin Zhihui , Shi Bing
Published: April 2023

Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is an important biomarker in the diagnosis of liver cancer, thus designing simple and effective method to detect AFP great significance. In this work, N‐doped hollow nanocarbon spheres decorated with gold nanoparticles (NHNS/Au) hybrids were produced and adopted as the material for modifying electrode to assemble a simple and sensitive label‐free electrochemical immunosensor of AFP. Scanning‐/transmission‐electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray technology and electrochemical methods were introduced to characterize the NHNS/Au nanohybrids; and AFP antibody was assembled on the modified electrode surface based on “Au−S” bond between Au and antibody. By introducing [Fe(CN)6]4−/3− as the signal probe, its electrochemical signal can be suppressed when AFP was bonded by AFP antibody, thus a simple and effective immunosensor of AFP was constructed. After optimizing the related testing conditions, a wide linearity from 0.0 to 15.0 ng mL−1 and a low analytic limitation of 0.06 pg mL−1 were achieved for AFP analysis. Furthermore, the proposed simple and label‐free immunosensor was applied successfully in human serum for AFP analysis and the received results are satisfactory, revealing the designed proposal offers a significant clinical application for AFP detection.
Mechanism of Bile‐Processed Coptidis Rhizoma to Treat Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Dong Zhaowei , Yang Jingjing , Tian Maoying , Wang Xi , Qin Xiaoyan , Huang Qinwan , Wang Jin
Published: April 2023

Bile‐processed Coptidis Rhizoma (DL) is a unique processed product of Coptidis Rhizoma in traditional Chinese medicines, it's commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) or non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by folk Chinese physicians, but information about its active components and mechanism of action are still lacking. Network pharmacology combined with a molecular docking approach was used to screen for possible mechanisms to predict DL for treating NAFLD in T2DM. Validation of the effects of DL on key protein‐related effects such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and insulin resistance inhibition through pharmacological assays. 32 components in DL were identified and 558 target targets were obtained. A total of 6165 targets related to T2DM, 5306 targets related to NAFLD were intersected with the component targets to obtain 329 common targets. PPI network analysis showed that 55 targets may be key targets for DL treatment of NAFLD inT2DM. Molecular docking showed that the components were well bound to the protein. The therapeutic effects of DL through anti‐oxidation, anti‐inflammation and alleviation of insulin resistance were validated based on animal studies. This study provides a solid basis and scientific rationale for the mechanism of DL and its application in the treatment of NAFLD in T2DM and other related diseases.
Metallo‐phthalocyanines Containing 1,3,4‐oxadiazole Substituents: Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Properties
Authors: Akyüz Duygu , Demirbaş Ümit , Bekircan Olcay
Published: April 2023

The 4‐[5‐(undecylthio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)phenol (3)and 4‐(4‐(5‐(undecylthio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)phenoxy)phthalonitrile (5)were prepared viasubstitution reactions. Metallo‐phthalocyanines (6–9) were obtained by the cyclotetramerization of the phthalonitrile (5). The structures of novel compounds were verified using IR, 1H‐NMR, mass, UV‐Vis methods. Electrochemical characterization of synthesized MPcs (6–9)was carried out by the CV and SWV techniques in DCM/TBAP electrolyte. While MnClPc and CoPc complexes exhibited metal‐based and ring‐based reduction redox couples, CuPc and NiPc gave two ring‐based reduction redox couples. Spectroelectrochemical measurements were performed to observe the color transition during the reduction and oxidation reactions. Thus, the potentials of using the complexes as electrochromic materials were investigated. The CoPc gave the Q band at 667 nm with a shoulder at 663 nm. When the potential was applied to the cell, the intensity of Q band decreased with a shift in wavelength (from 667 nm to 663 nm). In addition, the natural turquoise color (x=0.2720, y=0.3366) of CoPc turned to greenish blue color (x=0.3080, y=0.3461). During the oxidation reactions, CuPc and NiPc gave ring‐based oxidation species. The intensity of Q bands decreased without shift. As a result of the in‐situ spectroelectrochemical measurements, it was observed that CuPc and NiPc, have sharper color transitions and have the potential to be used as electrochromic materials.
Doping SiO2 in CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2/SAPO‐34 Composite for the CO2 Hydrogenation to Light Olefins
Authors: Tang Xiaohua , Mao Yuzhong , Zhou Ning , Liu Rong , Zha Fei , Tian Haifeng , Chang Yue
Published: April 2023

Promoting the activity of catalyst, achieving high CO2 conversion and increasing light olefins yield are important in CO2 hydrogenation to olefin. Herein, SiO2 was doped in CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2 to form multi‐oxides of CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2‐SiO2 by co‐precipitation method, and the multi‐oxides was mixed with SAPO‐34 molecular sieves mechanically to form a composite catalyst of CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2‐SiO2/SAPO‐34. Compared with CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2, doping of SiO2 increases the dispersion and thermal stability of metal oxides, provides more sites for CO2 activated, and delays the aggregation of metal particles at higher temperature. Doped SiO2 can also adsorb the water from hydrogenation process to improve the olefins yield and hinder the formation of CO from reverse water gas shift. Thus, under the condition of reaction temperature at 420 °C, pressure of 3.0 MPa, space velocity of 1800 mL gcat−1 h−1, CO2/H2 (molar ratio) of 1 : 3 and the mass ratio of CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2‐SiO2 (containing 8 % SiO2) to SAPO‐34 of 1 : 1, the direct CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins on CuO‐ZnO‐ZrO2‐SiO2/SAPO‐34 shows that the conversion of CO2 is 53.9 % and the selectivity of light olefins is 52.9 %, while the CO selectivity is only 13.6 %.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrimidine‐Based Novel Phthalonitrile Resins with Excellent Processing Performance and High Glass Transition Temperature
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Wu Minjie , Rong Jianxin , Zhang Xinyang , Han Wenshuang , Zhao Tao , Chen Xinggang , Naito Kimiyoshi , Yu Xiaoyan , Zhang Qingxin
Published: April 2023

Three phthalonitrile monomers containing pyrimidine ring and benzene ring side group were successfully synthesized with 4, 6‐dichloro‐2‐phenylpyrimidine, three kinds of phenols (resorcinol, bisphenol A and bisphenol AF) and 4‐nitrophthalonitrile via nucleophilic substitution reaction. All the phthalonitrile monomers exhibited excellent processing performance due to low melting points (Tm) (below 100 °C) and wide processing windows (difference between melting temperature and curing temperature) above 140 °C. By introducing pyrimidine ring and benzene ring side group, the lower melting point of monomers did not affect the thermal stability and thermal mechanical properties of the phthalonitrile resins based on different bisphenols. In particular, 5 % thermal decomposition temperature (T5%) and glass transition temperature (Tg) of phthalonitrile resin based on resorcinol surpassed 455 and 400 °C while storage modulus (E′) was 3209 MPa. Therefore, phthalonitrile resin containing pyrimidine ring and benzene ring side group have potential applications in the field of high temperature resistant polymers and composites.
Design, Synthesis, In‐silico Studies and Antiproliferative Evaluation of Novel Indazole Derivatives as Small Molecule Inhibitors of B‐Raf
Authors: Pingili Divya , Svum Prasad , Nulgumnalli Manjunathaiah Raghavendra
Published: April 2023

B‐Raf, a proto‐oncogene that encodes the B‐Raf protein in the Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk (MAPK) pathway, is important in directing cell development and differentiation, mutation of which results in various types of cancers. A series of novel indazole derivatives were synthesized employing scaffold‐based approach and characterized by the spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were subjected to molecular docking to assess their binding affinity with the protein. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profile of the compounds revealed their compliance with Lipinski's rule. The antiproliferative capacity of the synthesized derivatives was assessed by screening them against the human melanoma cell lines Skmel‐23 and A375, which express B‐Raf in wild‐type and mutant forms, respectively. Compounds with 2‐chloro and 2‐cyano‐4‐isoproxy substitutions elicited potent inhibition against melanoma cell lines with IC50 values of 40.11 and 13.37 μM against Skmel‐23 and 16.89, 15.57 μM against A375 cells respectively. The compounds manifested greater potential than the standard doxorubicin. In order to detect changes in cell morphology and evaluate their apoptotic potential; these substances were subjected to morphological screening. Both cell lines were shown to be strongly inhibited by the 2‐cyano‐4‐isoproxy substituted indazole derivative; making it a prospective therapeutic candidate for targeting both wild‐type and mutant B‐Raf forms.