bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The moderating role of regulatory emotional self‐efficacy on smoking craving: An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Yuan Ming , Guo Xucheng , Li Xi , Chen Xijing , Wang Chunguang , Li Yonghui
Published: November 2017

Emotion is presumed as a major reason for smoking, but this hypothesis needs support from data with high ecological validity. Regulatory emotional self‐efficacy (RESE) is key for emotion regulation, therefore RESE is likely to moderate the relationship between emotional states and smoking. The present study used the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to record the levels of pleasure, arousal, and smoking craving in 33 male current smokers' daily lives, and examined the moderating effect of RESE in the prediction relationship between emotion and craving. The results showed that either end of the pleasure dimension, namely the high positive or high negative affect, predicted higher smoking craving. A similar pattern was also discovered in the arousal dimension, in which either of the activation and deactivation ends predicted higher smoking craving. Moreover, the prediction of negative affect on smoking craving was weakened by higher RESE, especially by the higher self‐efficacy in managing negative emotions. In conclusion, smoking craving is closely related with immediate emotional states, and RESE reveals promising value in the reduction of smoking behavior. We discuss the possibility of expanding the RESE frame.
The 2D axial transverse views of the fetal face: A new technique to visualize the fetal hard palate; methodology description and feasibility
Authors: Fuchs Florent , Grosjean Fréderic , Captier Guillaume , Faure Jean‐Michel
Published: November 2017

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to describe the methodology and to assess the feasibility of a simple 2D ultrasound technique to visualize the fetal hard palate (FHP) using a strict axial transverse view (ATV).

Methods

Prospective cohort of 100 singleton pregnancies, screened routinely during second trimester scans. Three operators imaged the FHP through a strict 2D ATV according to a simple methodology. An expert sonographer reviewed all images, and palate normality was confirmed at birth. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors modifying the ability to assess the palate were performed.

Results

Feasibility of imaging the FHP was obtained in 95% of cases with no difference between the operators (P = .7). The palate was visualized directly without fetal mobilization in 46%. An earlier gestational age at scanning, a prolonged duration of the scan, fetal back positioned anteriorly, fetal head flexed, a smaller amniotic pocket, and an unmoving fetal limb significantly reduced the feasibility. All failed attempts were in fetuses with their back located in anterior and in those with a deflexed head. Multivariate analysis did not converge because of the collinearity of most parameters.

Conclusions

The ATV is an easy, simple, and accessible 2D method to visualize the FHP with no additional time.
Prenatal diagnosis of posterior fossa anomalies: Additional value of chromosomal microarray analysis in fetuses with cerebellar hypoplasia
Authors: Zou Zhiyong , Huang Linhuan , Lin Shaobin , He Zhiming , Zhu Hui , Zhang Yi , Fang Qun , Luo Yanmin
Published: November 2017

Objective

To elucidate the relationship between copy number variations (CNVs) detected by high‐resolution chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and the type of prenatal posterior fossa anomalies (PFAs), especially cerebellar hypoplasia (CH).

Methods

This study involved 77 pregnancies with PFAs who underwent CMA.

Results

Chromosomal aberrations including pathogenic CNVs and variants of unknown significance were detected in 31.2% (24/77) of all cases by CMA and in 18.5% (12/65) in fetuses with normal karyotypes. The high detection rate of clinically significant CNVs was evident in fetuses with cerebellar hypoplasia (54.6%, 6/11), vermis hypoplasia (33.3%, 1/3), and Dandy‐Walker malformation (25.0%, 3/12). Compare with fetuses without other anomalies, cases with CH and additional malformations had the higher CMA detection rate (33.3% vs 88.9%). Three cases of isolated unilateral CH with intact vermis and normal CMA result had normal outcomes. The deletion of 5p15, 6q terminal deletion, and X chromosome aberrations were the most frequent genetic defects associated with cerebellar hypoplasia.

Conclusion

Among fetuses with PFA, those with cerebellar hypoplasia, vermis hypoplasia, or Dandy‐Walker malformation are at the highest risk of clinically significant CNVs. Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed the most frequent chromosomal aberrations associated with CH.
TRAF6 regulates proliferation of stromal cells in the transition and peripheral zones of benign prostatic hyperplasia via Akt/mTOR signaling
Authors: Shi Yun‐Feng , Yu Dian‐Jun , Jiang Chen‐Yi , Wang Xing‐Jie , Zhu Yi‐Ping , Zhao Rui‐Zhe , Lv Zhong , Sun Xiao‐Wen
Published: November 2017

Background

Increased prostatic smooth muscle tone and hyperplastic growth contribute to urethral obstruction and voiding symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It has been suggested that different proliferative potential of stromal cells between transition zone (TZ) and adjoining regions of the prostate plays a significant role in the development of BPH. However, the molecular mechanisms of this hyperplastic process remain unclear. We found tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) highly expressed in TZ stromal cells compared to peripheral zone (PZ) stromal cells by gene array analyzes. Therefore, we aim to study the potential mechanisms of stromal TRAF6 in promoting BPH progression.

Methods

Stromal cells obtained from BPH‐derived primary cultures. The TRAF6‐siRNA vector were constructed and transfected into cultured human BPH primary TZ stromal cells, and TRAF6‐overexpressing vector were constructed and transfected into cultured human BPH primary PZ stromal cells. Stromal cells were recombined with BPH‐1 cells then subcutaneously inoculated into the kidney capsule of male nude mice. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK‐8 assay. Multiple proteins in the Akt/mTOR pathway were assessed using western blot.

Results

TRAF6 levels were increased in TZ stroma compared with PZ stroma of BPH. The in vitro cell culture and in vivo cell recombination revealed that selective downregulation of TRAF6 in TZ stromal cells led to suppression of the proliferation, while upregulation of TRAF6 in PZ stromal cells enhanced the proliferation. We found that the Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination of Akt as well as the Phosphorylation of mTOR, P70S6K were decreased when TRAF6 was downregulated in primary cultured TZ stromal cells of BPH.

Conclusions

TRAF6 can promote the proliferation of stromal cells of BPH via Akt/mTOR signaling. Our results may make stromal TRAF6 responsible for zonal characteristic of BPH and as a promising therapeutic strategy for BPH treatment.
Three‐dimensional spatial interpolation of 2 m temperature over Norway
Authors: Lussana C. , Tveito O. E. , Uboldi F.
Published: November 2017

This article describes a two‐step spatial interpolation method for 2 m temperature. A scale‐separation approach based on statistical interpolation (specifically a modification of classical optimal interpolation (OI)) has been implemented. The method presented makes use of in situ observations only and has been used to build the seNorge2 dataset of hourly and daily averaged temperature over the Norwegian mainland. The main original contribution is the blending of several temperature fields, each representing the OI background in a subregion, into a single deterministic regional (i.e. domain‐wide) temperature background, which may cover a wide geographic area. As required by climate and hydrological applications, temperature analyses are produced with the highest effective resolution compatible with the observational network. A spatial consistency test has been included, so that the method is robust from a statistical point of view. The quality of the long‐term seNorge2 dataset has been evaluated, both by summary statistics and by analysing challenging case studies. The blending of subregional background fields does not introduce discontinuities in the temperature analysis. The effects of station density variations in time and space have also been addressed. The evaluation shows that the predicted temperature fields are indeed unbiased estimates of the true state, except for extremely low temperatures, where a warm bias is present. For both hourly and daily averaged temperature, the precision of the estimates at grid points varies between 0.8 and 2.4 °C.
Optimal and scalable methods to approximate the solutions of large‐scale Bayesian problems: theory and application to atmospheric inversion and data assimilation
Authors: Bousserez N. , Henze Daven K.
Published: November 2017

This article provides a detailed theoretical analysis of methods to approximate the solutions of high‐dimensional (>106) linear Bayesian problems. An optimal low‐rank projection that maximizes the information content of the Bayesian inversion is proposed and efficiently constructed using a scalable randomized SVD algorithm. Optimality results for the associated posterior error covariance matrix and posterior mean approximations obtained in previous studies are revisited and tested in a numerical experiment consisting of a large‐scale atmospheric tracer transport source‐inversion problem. This method proves to be a robust and efficient approach to dimension reduction, as well as a natural framework to analyze the information content of the inversion. Possible extensions of this approach to the nonlinear framework in the context of operational numerical weather forecast data assimilation systems based on the incremental 4D‐Var technique are also discussed, and a detailed implementation of a new Randomized Incremental Optimal Technique (RIOT) for 4D‐Var algorithms leveraging our theoretical results is proposed.
An iterative ensemble Kalman filter in the presence of additive model error
Authors: Sakov Pavel , Haussaire Jean‐Matthieu , Bocquet Marc
Published: November 2017

The iterative ensemble Kalman filter (IEnKF) in a deterministic framework was introduced in Sakov et al. [Mon. Wea. Rev. 140: 1988–2004 ()] to extend the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and improve its performance in mildly up to strongly nonlinear cases. However, the IEnKF assumes that the model is perfect. This assumption simplified the update of the system at a time different from the observation time, which made it natural to apply the IEnKF for smoothing. In this study, we generalize the IEnKF to the case of an imperfect model with additive model error.

The new method called IEnKF‐Q conducts a Gauss–Newton minimization in ensemble space. It combines the propagated analysed ensemble anomalies from the previous cycle and model noise ensemble anomalies into a single ensemble of anomalies, and by doing so takes an algebraic form similar to that of the IEnKF. The performance of the IEnKF‐Q is tested in a number of experiments with the Lorenz'96 model, which show that the method consistently outperforms both the EnKF and the IEnKF naively modified to accommodate additive model noise.
Finite‐time stabilization of stochastic low‐order nonlinear systems with FT‐SISS inverse dynamics
Authors: Jiang Meng‐Meng , Xie Xue‐Jun
Published: November 2017

This paper studies finite‐time stabilization problem for stochastic low‐order nonlinear systems with stochastic inverse dynamics. By characterizing unmeasured stochastic inverse dynamics with finite‐time stochastic input‐to‐state stability, combining the Lyapunov function and adding a power integrator technique, and using the stochastic finite‐time stability theory, a state feedback controller is designed to guarantee global finite‐time stability in probability of stochastic low‐order nonlinear systems with finite‐time stochastic input‐to‐state stability inverse dynamics.
How entrepreneurial ecosystems take form: Evidence from social impact initiatives in Seattle
Authors: Thompson Tracy A. , Purdy Jill M. , Ventresca Marc J.
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: This research uses insights from field theory to explore the early moments of how entrepreneurial ecosystems form through everyday interactions. We examine the cultural‐cognitive and material micro‐dynamics of activities occurring in support of social impact entrepreneurs and businesses from 2000 to 2014 in the Seattle, Washington, region using archival and interview data sources. The pattern of results about what actors do and how interactions change over time supports a two‐period model of ecosystem formation where initial distributed and disparate activity undergoes a phase transition to coalesce into a more coordinated and integrated social order. The findings point to endogenous sources of structuring, including language and interaction, rather than exogenous sources such as government action or instrumental policy goals.

Managerial Summary: How do the ecosystems that support entrepreneurs form? Rather than being created through top‐down actions of governments and other powerful actors, we argue that entrepreneurial ecosystems form through the everyday interactions of individuals striving to create shared meaning, resources, and infrastructure needed to support their new ventures. This is especially true in ecosystems focused on creating social impact, which do not always offer the high returns expected in a market‐based capitalistic system. Our study shows how the initial activities of distributed, disparate individuals and groups rather suddenly coalesce into more coordinated, integrated, and durable patterns of social interaction, creating the methods, resources, and legitimacy needed for an entrepreneurial ecosystem for social impact businesses to coexist with or change existing conventions of market‐based capitalism.
Mixture drug‐count response model for the high‐dimensional drug combinatory effect on myopathy
Authors: Wang Xueying , Zhang Pengyue , Chiang Chien‐Wei , Wu Hengyi , Shen Li , Ning Xia , Zeng Donglin , Wang Lei , Quinney Sara K. , Feng Weixing , Li Lang
Published: November 2017

Drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) are a common cause of adverse drug events (ADEs). The electronic medical record (EMR) database and the FDA's adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database are the major data sources for mining and testing the ADE associated DDI signals. Most DDI data mining methods focus on pair‐wise drug interactions, and methods to detect high‐dimensional DDIs in medical databases are lacking. In this paper, we propose 2 novel mixture drug‐count response models for detecting high‐dimensional drug combinations that induce myopathy. The “count” indicates the number of drugs in a combination. One model is called fixed probability mixture drug‐count response model with a maximum risk threshold (FMDRM‐MRT). The other model is called count‐dependent probability mixture drug‐count response model with a maximum risk threshold (CMDRM‐MRT), in which the mixture probability is count dependent. Compared with the previous mixture drug‐count response model (MDRM) developed by our group, these 2 new models show a better likelihood in detecting high‐dimensional drug combinatory effects on myopathy. CMDRM‐MRT identified and validated (54; 374; 637; 442; 131) 2‐way to 6‐way drug interactions, respectively, which induce myopathy in both EMR and FAERS databases. We further demonstrate FAERS data capture much higher maximum myopathy risk than EMR data do. The consistency of 2 mixture models' parameters and local false discovery rate estimates are evaluated through statistical simulation studies.
Asymmetrically Encapsulated Vertical ITO/MoS2/Cu2O Photodetector with Ultrahigh Sensitivity
Authors: Kallatt Sangeeth , Nair Smitha , Majumdar Kausik
Published: November 2017

Strong light absorption, coupled with moderate carrier transport properties, makes 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors promising candidates for low intensity photodetection applications. However, the performance of these devices is severely bottlenecked by slow response with persistent photocurrent due to long lived charge trapping, and nonreliable characteristics due to undesirable ambience and substrate effects. Here ultrahigh specific detectivity (D*) of 3.2 × 1014 Jones and responsivity (R) of 5.77 × 104 A W−1 are demonstrated at an optical power density (Pop) of 0.26 W m−2 and external bias (Vext) of −0.5 V in an indium tin oxide/MoS2/copper oxide/Au vertical multi‐heterojunction photodetector exhibiting small carrier transit time. The active MoS2 layer being encapsulated by carrier collection layers allows us to achieve repeatable characteristics over large number of cycles with negligible trap assisted persistent photocurrent. A large D* > 1014 Jones at zero external bias is also achieved due to the built‐in field of the asymmetric photodetector. Benchmarking the performance against existing reports in literature shows a viable pathway for achieving reliable and highly sensitive photodetectors for ultralow intensity photodetection applications.
Ptychographic X‐Ray Imaging of Colloidal Crystals
Authors: Lazarev Sergey , Besedin Ilya , Zozulya Alexey V. , Meijer Janne‐Mieke , Dzhigaev Dmitry , Gorobtsov Oleg Yu. , Kurta Ruslan P. , Rose Max , Shabalin Anatoly G. , Sulyanova Elena A. , Zaluzhnyy IvanA. , Menushenkov Alexey P. , Sprung Michael , Petukhov Andrei V. , Vartanyants Ivan A.
Published: November 2017

Ptychographic coherent X‐ray imaging is applied to obtain a projection of the electron density of colloidal crystals, which are promising nanoscale materials for optoelectronic applications and important model systems. Using the incident X‐ray wavefield reconstructed by mixed states approach, a high resolution and high contrast image of the colloidal crystal structure is obtained by ptychography. The reconstructed colloidal crystal reveals domain structure with an average domain size of about 2 µm. Comparison of the domains formed by the basic close‐packed structures, allows us to conclude on the absence of pure hexagonal close‐packed domains and confirms the presence of random hexagonal close‐packed layers with predominantly face‐centered cubic structure within the analyzed part of the colloidal crystal film. The ptychography reconstruction shows that the final structure is complicated and may contain partial dislocations leading to a variation of the stacking sequence in the lateral direction. As such in this work, X‐ray ptychography is extended to high resolution imaging of crystalline samples.
Enhancing the Sequential Conversion‐Alloying Reaction of Mixed Sn–S Hybrid Anode for Efficient Sodium Storage by a Carbon Healed Graphene Oxide
Authors: Kim Joo‐Hyung , Jung Young Hwa , Yun Jong Hyuk , Ragupathy P. , Kim Do Kyung
Published: November 2017

To date, the possible depletion of lithium resources has become relevant, giving rise to the interest in Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) as promising alternatives to Li‐ion batteries. While extensive investigations have examined various transition metal oxides and chalcogenides as anode materials for NIBs, few of these have been able to utilize their high specific capacity in sodium‐based systems because of their irreversibility in a charge/discharge process. Here, the mixed Sn–S nanocomposites uniformly distributed on reduced graphene oxide are prepared via a facile hydrothermal synthesis and a unique carbothermal reduction process, producing ultrafine nanoparticle with the size of 2 nm. These nanocomposites are experimentally confirmed to overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of tin sulfides such as large volume change and sluggish diffusion kinetics, demonstrating an outstanding electrochemical performance: an excellent specific capacity of 1230 mAh g−1, and an impressive rate capability (445 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1). The electrochemical behavior of a sequential conversion‐alloying reaction for the anode materials is investigated, revealing both the structural transition and the chemical state in the discharge/charge process. Comprehension of the reaction mechanism for the mixed Sn–S/rGO hybrid nanocomposites makes it a promising electrode material and provides a new approach for the Na‐ion battery anodes.
Revealing the Fate of Transplanted Stem Cells In Vivo with a Novel Optical Imaging Strategy
Authors: Chen Guangcun , Lin Suying , Huang Dehua , Zhang Yejun , Li Chunyan , Wang Mao , Wang Qiangbin
Published: November 2017

Stem‐cell‐based regenerative medicine holds great promise in clinical practices. However, the fate of stem cells after transplantation, including the distribution, viability, and the cell clearance, is not fully understood, which is critical to understand the process and the underlying mechanism of regeneration for better therapeutic effects. Herein, we develop a dual‐labeling strategy to in situ visualize the fate of transplanted stem cells in vivo by combining the exogenous near‐infrared fluorescence imaging in the second window (NIR‐II) and endogenous red bioluminescence imaging (BLI). The NIR‐II fluorescence of Ag2S quantum dots is employed to dynamically monitor the trafficking and distribution of all transplanted stem cells in vivo due to its deep tissue penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution, while BLI of red‐emitting firefly luciferase (RfLuc) identifies the living stem cells after transplantation in vivo because only the living stem cells express RfLuc. This facile strategy allows for in situ visualization of the dynamic trafficking of stem cells in vivo and the quantitative evaluation of cell translocation and viability with high temporal and spatial resolution, and thus reports the fate of transplanted stem cells and how the living stem cells help, regeneration, for an instance, of a mouse with acute liver failure.
Chemistry in Confinement: Copper and Palladium Catalyzed Ecofriendly Organic Transformations within Porous Frameworks
Authors: Kumar Basuvaraj Suresh , Pitchumani Kasi
Published: November 2017

A concise account on the use of transition metals copper (Cu) and palladium (Pd), as their cations as well as nanoparticles exchanged/immobilized onto porous frameworks such as zeolites, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic polymers (COPs) and hollow nanostructures, functioning as catalysts in organic synthesis is presented. This biomimetic account, “focusing on catalytic systems in confinement” within zero‐dimensional microenvironments and second sphere coordination covers primarily results from our group on N‐sulfonylketenimine mediated cycloaddition, hydrogenation and C−C bond forming reactions, thus providing an interesting insight into the versatility and utility of these Cu and Pd catalysts. Other significant advantages and green credentials of confinement such as stability, selectivity, reusability, promotion of multicomponent reactions, use of green solvents, atom economy, and use of ambient conditions are highlighted at appropriate places. In the final section, our views on the current achievements and the future prospects in this area are summarized.
Magnesium doped Gallium Phosphonates Ga1–xMgx[H3+x(O3PCH2)3N] (x = 0, 0.20) and the Influence on Proton Conductivity
Authors: Homburg Thomas , Tschense Carsten B. L. , Wolkersdoerfer Konrad , Reinsch Helge , Wark Michael , Többens Daniel , Zander Stefan , Senker Jürgen , Stock Norbert
Published: November 2017

In our contribution to the development of new proton conductive coordination polymers (CPs) we focus on the impact of a partial replacement of Ga3+ by Mg2+. This approach should come along with the introduction of additional protons due to charge balances. In a first step we have synthesized an isostructural compound to the literature known compound AlH3P3N [H6P3N = nitrilotris(methylene)triphosphonic acid], where Al3+ is replaced by Ga3+, since all attempts to incorporate Mg2+ ions directly into AlH3P3N were not successful. The relative amount of Mg2+ and Ga3+ was established by EDX analysis. Rietveld refinement of the synchrotron data located the Ga3+ and Mg2+ ions on a split position, proving the disordered incorporation of the Mg2+ ions. Solid‐state NMR spectroscopy confirms a disordered protonation of the phosphonate groups as well and shows that all amine groups are protonated. In order to investigate the effect on the proton conductivity the compounds Ga[H3(O3PCH2)3N], denoted GaH3P3N as well as Ga0.80Mg0.20[H3.20(O3PCH2)3N], denoted GaMgH3.20P3N, were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Arrhenius behavior in the investigated temperature range (70–130 °C) was found for both compounds (activation energies of Ea = 0.15 eV for GaH3P3N and 0.17 eV for GaMgH3.20P3N). The GaMgH3.20P3N sample shows a reduced proton mobility (σ = 1.2 × 10–4 S·cm–1) of about one order of magnitude in comparison to GaH3P3N (σ = 1.0 × 10–3 S·cm–1).
Study Characteristics of New Concrete Mixes and their Mechanical, Physical, and Gamma Radiation Attenuation Features
Authors: El‐Samrah Moamen G. , Abdel‐Rahman Mohamed A. E. , Kany Amr M. I.
Published: November 2017

Ordinary concrete and those of different compositions are regarded as suitable material in many applications concerning with gamma and neutron radiation shielding purposes. They are widely used in nuclear power plant, medical facilities, nuclear shelters, and for radioactive materials transportation as well as storage of radioactive wastes. In this study four different concrete mixes were prepared with the following different types of coarse aggregates: dolomite, barite, goethite, and steel slag. The effect of changes in the fine aggregates, selected to be 50 % local sand and 50 % limonite with addition of 10 % silica fume (SF) and 10 % fly ash (FA) by replacement of the total cement weight, on the performance of the samples was also investigated. To examine the performance of such samples for radiation shielding applications, a set of physical, mechanical, and radiation attenuation properties was studied and compared with those of ordinary concrete. This investigation includes compressive strength, slump test, bulk density, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, and gamma rays attenuation measurements for the different samples. A verification of the experimental results concerning the radiation attenuation measurements was performed using WinXcom program (Version 3.1). The experimental results revealed that all concrete mixes; goethite‐limonite concrete (G.L), barite‐limonite concrete (B.L), steel slag‐limonite concrete (S.L) and dolomite concrete (D.C) have good physical and mechanical properties that successfully satisfying them as high performance concretes. In addition the barite‐limonite and the steel slag‐limonite have the higher γ‐ray attenuation coefficients at low and high energy range and hence have a better radiation shielding. The obtained results from WinXcom program calculations showed a good agreement with the experimental results concerning γ‐ray attenuation measurements for the studied concrete mixes.
“Bioanorganische Chemie. Metalloproteine, Methoden und Konzepte”
Authors: Hess Corinna R.
Published: November 2017

Wiley‐VCH, Weinheim 2017, 360 pp., softcover, € 55.00, ISBN 978‐3‐52733615‐9
Solving the Bars-Green equation for moving mesons in two-dimensional QCD
Authors: Jia Yu , Liang Shuangran , Li LiuJi , Xiong Xiaonu
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The two-dimensional QCD in the large N limit, generally referred to as the ’t Hooft model, is numerically investigated in the axial gauge in a comprehensive manner. The corresponding Bethe-Salpeter equation for a bound

$$ q\overline{q} $$

q

q
¯

pair, originally derived by Bars and Green in 1978, was first numerically tackled by Li and collaborators in late 1980s, yet only for the stationary mesons. In this paper, we make further progress by numerically solving the Bars-Green equation for moving mesons, ranging from the chiral pion to charmonium. By choosing several different quark masses, we computed the corresponding quark condensates, meson spectra and their decay constants for a variety of meson momenta, and found satisfactory agreement with their counterparts obtained using light-cone gauge, thus numerically verifed the gauge and Poincaré invariance of the ’t Hooft model. Moreover, we have explicitly confirmed that, as the meson gets more and more boosted, the large component of the Bars-Green wave function indeed approaches the corresponding ’t Hooft light-cone wave function, while the small component of the wave function rapidly fades away.
Self-consistency of conformally coupled ABJM theory at the quantum level
Authors: Tehrani Mojtaba Taslimi
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We study the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 6 superconformal Chern-Simons matter field theory (the ABJM theory) conformally coupled to a Lorentzian, curved background spacetime. To support rigid supersymmetry, such backgrounds have to admit twistor spinors. At the classical level, the symmetry of the theory can be described by a conformal symmetry superalgebra. We show that the full

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 6 superconformal algebra persists at the quantum level using the BV-BRST method.
If the Model Fits, Use It: Methods and Benchmarks for Evaluating NBD-Dirichlet Goodness-of-Fit
Authors: Driesener Carl , Banelis Melissa , Rungie Cam
Published: November 2017

The Dirichlet model is an empirical generalization describing and predicting repeated choice amongst a set of competitive alternatives. With the advent of big data, there are many new potential applications for this model. Its developers emphasized one goodness-of-fit statistic, and subsequent researchers have used this along with others. There is, however, no consensus in the literature regarding which measures to use or, more importantly, benchmarks. This paper proposes a suite of six goodness-of-fit statistics developed from the literature to assess the fit of the model and develops two new measures that account for category specific factors enabling the development of benchmarks. It also provides appropriate benchmarks for all statistics derived from 54 FMCG categories in the UK.
Has Behavioural Loyalty to Online Supermarkets Declined?
Authors: Trinh Giang Tue , Anesbury Zachary William , Driesener Carl
Published: November 2017

This paper investigates consumer's behavioural loyalty to online supermarkets over time. We use three measures of behavioural loyalty (share of category requirements, repertoire size, and polarisation index) from four major online supermarkets in the UK across five categories. We find that loyalty to online supermarkets is high in the categories we examined, though it declined somewhat from 2005 to 2009 and subsequently remained stable from 2010 to 2014. We also extensively test the generalisability of the well-known Dirichlet model to the choice of online supermarkets. We find that the model gives better fit from 2010 to 2014 than from 2005 to 2009 and can describe loyalty and competition in this context.
The Natural Monopoly Effect in Brand Image Associations
Authors: Stocchi Lara , Pare Vipul , Fuller Rachel , Wright Malcolm
Published: November 2017

The Natural Monopoly is a robust empirical generalisation that describes the tendency for more popular brands to attract light users of the product category. This study shows that this pattern can also explain the underlying ‘trade-off’ between associations that consumers hold in memory for a specific brand vs. other brands, given the same range of category cues or category entry points (e.g., purchase or consumption situations, core benefits etc.). Specifically, the Natural Monopoly can be extended to explain that consumers with limited knowledge of brands are more likely to memorise associations primarily in relation to the most popular brands of the category, which ‘monopolise’ category entry points. This is confirmed with broadly consistent results across three data sets, multiple time-periods and a total of six categories (including CPGs, services and mobile applications). As such, this study significantly expands the generalisability of the Natural Monopoly empirical law by showcasing it as a ‘tool’ to extend knowledge on brand image associations. The results also yield important practical implications for growing a brand's mental availability. For the most popular brands, the outcomes of this study highlight the relevance of reaching out to consumers with limited knowledge of brands within the same category; for the least popular brands, they indicate the importance of building associations with category entry points.
Monoaminergic impairment in Down syndrome with Alzheimer's disease compared to early‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dekker Alain D. , Vermeiren Yannick , Carmona‐Iragui Maria , Benejam Bessy , Videla Laura , Gelpi Ellen , Aerts Tony , Van Dam Debby , Fernández Susana , Lleó Alberto , Videla Sebastian , Sieben Anne , Martin Jean‐Jacques ,   Netherlands Brain Bank, Blesa Rafael , Fortea Juan , De Deyn Peter P.
Published: November 2017

Introduction

People with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Defects in monoamine neurotransmitter systems are implicated in DS and AD but have not been comprehensively studied in DS.

Methods

Noradrenaline, adrenaline, and their metabolite 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG); dopamine and its metabolites 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid; and serotonin and its metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid were quantified in 15 brain regions of DS without AD (DS, n = 4), DS with AD (DS+AD, n = 17), early‐onset AD (EOAD, n = 11) patients, and healthy non‐DS controls (n = 10) in the general population. Moreover, monoaminergic concentrations were determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma samples of DS (n = 37/149), DS with prodromal AD (DS+pAD, n = 13/36), and DS+AD (n = 18/40).

Results

In brain, noradrenergic and serotonergic compounds were overall reduced in DS+AD versus EOAD, while the dopaminergic system showed a bidirectional change. For DS versus non‐DS controls, significantly decreased MHPG levels were noted in various brain regions, though to a lesser extent than for DS+AD versus EOAD. Apart from DOPAC, CSF/plasma concentrations were not altered between groups.

Discussion

Monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites were evidently impacted in DS, DS+AD, and EOAD. DS and DS+AD presented a remarkably similar monoaminergic profile, possibly related to early deposition of amyloid pathology in DS. To confirm whether monoaminergic alterations are indeed due to early amyloid β accumulation, future avenues include positron emission tomography studies of monoaminergic neurotransmission in relation to amyloid deposition, as well as relating monoaminergic concentrations to CSF/plasma levels of amyloid β and tau within individuals.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarker amyloid β1‐42 in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants
Authors: Li Wei , Risacher Shannon L. , Gao Sujuan , Boehm Stephen L. , Elmendorf Jeffrey S. , Saykin Andrew J. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid β (Aβ) 1‐42 is an important Alzheimer's disease biomarker. However, it is inconclusive on how T2DM is related to CSF Aβ1‐42.

Methods

Participants with T2DM were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative by searching keywords from the medical history database. A two‐way analysis of covariance model was used to analyze how T2DM associates with CSF Aβ1‐42 or cerebral cortical Aβ.

Results

CSF Aβ1‐42 was higher in the T2DM group than the nondiabetic group. The inverse relation between CSF Aβ1‐42 and cerebral cortical Aβ was independent of T2DM status. Participants with T2DM had a lower cerebral cortical Aβ in anterior cingulate, precuneus, and temporal lobe than controls.

Discussion

T2DM is positively associated with CSF Aβ1‐42 but negatively with cerebral cortical Aβ. The decreased cerebral cortical Aβ associated with T2DM is preferentially located in certain brain regions.
The relationship between recall of recently versus remotely encoded famous faces and amyloidosis in clinically normal older adults
Authors: Orlovsky Irina , Huijbers Willem , Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Hedden Trey , Buckley Rachel F. , LaPoint Molly , Rabin Jennifer S. , Rentz Dorene M. , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Papp Kathryn V.
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients exhibit temporally graded memory loss with remote memories remaining more intact than recent memories. It is unclear whether this temporal pattern is observable in clinically normal adults with amyloid pathology (i.e. preclinical AD).

Methods

Participants were asked to recall the names of famous figures most prominent recently (famous after 1990) and remotely (famous from 1960–1980) and were provided with a phonemic cue to ensure that memory failure was not purely due to verbal retrieval weaknesses. In addition, participants identified line drawings of objects. Clinically normal older adults (n = 125) were identified as amyloid β positive or negative (Aβ+/−) using Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography. The relationship between Aβ+/− and recall of remote and recent famous face‐names and objects was examined using repeated measures analyses and general linear models controlling for demographics and media usage.

Results

When provided with a phonemic cue, Aβ+ participants recalled the names of fewer recent famous faces compared with Aβ− participants. However, recall of remote famous face‐names and objects did not differ by Aβ group.

Discussion

Relative sparing of remotely learned information compared with recently learned information is (1) detectable in the preclinical stages of AD and (2) related to amyloid pathology. Both this temporal gradient and assessment of person‐centered rather than object‐centered semantic information may be particularly meaningful for tracking early memory changes in the AD trajectory.
Development of an Intervention Programme for Selective Eating in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Miyajima Ayumi , Tateyama Kiyomi , Fuji Shiori , Nakaoka Kazuyo , Hirao Kazuhisa , Higaki Kazuo
Published: November 2017

Objective/Background

Most parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties with the selective eating behaviour of their children. This study aimed to develop a newly designed intervention programme on improving selective eating behaviour for parents of children with ASD and evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods

The participants were 23 parents of children (aged 3–6 years) with ASD. The education programme included a session that addressed approaches to improve selective eating and attitudes at meal times, with a discussion. The intervention aimed to identify the underlying factors and approaches to improve selective eating in children and the self-efficacy of parents.

Results

Significant differences were observed before and after the intervention in the degree of difficulty perceived by parents, their degree of self-efficacy, the number of recommendations conducted by them, their subjective view of the degree of dietary imbalance, and the number of food items consumed by their children.

Conclusion

We developed an interventional programme for parents of children with ASD and this programme was found to be useful. It is important for occupational therapists to consider the factors and approaches for selective eating in children with ASD in order to provide early intervention for their parents.
Aboutness Topics in Old and Middle French: A corpus-based study on the fate of V2
Authors: de Andrade Aroldo
Published: November 2017

This article investigates the loss of aboutness topics in preverbal position in the history of French, using a corpus-based research on preverbal accusative objects. A comparison of Old and Middle French with Modern French reveals that new-information focalization had disappeared by the 14thcentury, whereas aboutness topicalization had in turn vanished by the end of the 16thcentury, along with other marked constructions. Combined with the generative premise that independent pragmatic factors should not trigger syntactic change, the results of this study suggest the reanalysis of the grammar as V-to-I in Renaissance French is responsible for blocking the derivation of aboutness topicalization. An alternative proposal based on phase extension and on Relativized Minimality, in a version affecting some types of A′-movement, relates those two diachronic shifts. The article concludes with the idea that the study of marked constructions may be recast as offering diagnostics on broader syntactic changes.
China's Guiding Cases System as the Instrument to Improve China's Case Guidance System, which Includes Both Guiding Cases and Typical Cases
Authors: Gao Fengping
Published: November 2017

After the Supreme People's Court of China (the “Supreme Court”) issued the Provisions of the Supreme People's Court Concerning Work on Guiding Cases (the “Provisions”), which symbolized the establishment of China's guiding cases system, it attracted worldwide attention. Some institutes, like Stanford, launched programs on China's Guiding Cases. It is of importance to discuss the potential and possibility of establishing China's guiding cases system by promoting the Guiding Cases in the context of ongoing judicial reform. For international practitioners, it is helpful to know the civil jurisdiction where there is case law available as case guidance. Also, China judicial reform has become a keen topic for discussion in U.S.–China relations. “The efficiency and fairness in handling commercial cases and the use of Guiding Cases in the adjudication of commercial [cases]” was one of the key topics discussed during the first dialogue joined by the U.S. Departments of Justice and Commerce.
Accommodation or political identity: Scottish members of the UK Parliament
Authors: Hall-Lew Lauren , Friskney Ruth , Scobbie James M.
Published: November 2017

Phonetic variation among Scottish members of the UK Parliament may be influenced by convergence to Southern English norms (Carr & Brulard, 2006) or political identity (e.g., Hall-Lew, Coppock, & Starr, 2010). Drawing on a year's worth of political speeches (2011–2012) from 10 Scottish members of the UK Parliament (MPs), we find no acoustic evidence for the adoption of a Southern English low vowel system; rather, we find that vowel height is significantly correlated with political party: Scottish Labour Party MPs produce a highercatvowel (Johnston, 1997) than do Scottish National Party MPs. The results contradict claims that Scottish MPs acquire Anglo-English features while serving in the UK Parliament. Rather, we suggest that the variation indexes political meaning, with a subset of individuals drawing on that indexicality in production.
Scalar effects of social networks on language variation
Authors: Sharma Devyani
Published: November 2017

The role of social networks in language variation has been studied using a wide range of metrics. This study critically examines the effect of different dimensions of networks on different aspects of language variation. Three dimensions of personal network (ethnicity, nationality, diversity) are evaluated in relation to three levels of language structure (phonetic form, accent range, language choice) over three generations of British Asians. The results indicate a scaling of network influences. The two metrics relating to qualities of an individual's ties are more historically and culturally specific, whereas the network metric that relates to the structure of an individual's social world appears to exert a more general effect on accent repertoires across generations. This two-tier typology—network qualities (more culturally contingent) and network structures (more general)—facilitates an integrated understanding of previous studies and a more structured methodology for studying the effect of social networks on language.
The Language of Things: An archaeology of musique concrète
Authors: Bertrand Loïc
Published: November 2017

This article considers the concept of a ‘language of things’, which Pierre Schaeffer developed in his early work, the Essai sur la radio et le cinema (1941–42). On the basis of a careful consideration of this text, it will appear that the ‘language of things’ engages a specific posture that shows, in the process of concrete music’s emergence, two distinct but interrelated aspects: one concerning things themselves and the other concerning language. It is this knot, this interwovenness, that we will try to understand in this article. The article will show that the promotion of noise is directly linked to the deconstruction of language and that these two processes, which can be precisely identified in Schaeffer’s early works, refer to a fundamental switch, signalling the birth of musique concrète.
Animating the Object: Marcelle Deschênes and acousmatic education in Quebec
Authors: Valiquet Patrick
Published: November 2017

This article examines the early reception of Pierre Schaeffer’s theoretical work in Quebec through the teaching of Marcelle Deschênes, principal author of the first electroacoustic theory and ear training curricula at both Université Laval and Université de Montréal. An account of Deschênes’s educational career is provided, along with remarks on the contents of her early courses in Morpho-typology and her listening workshops for children, using newly excavated primary material from her private archives. While existing scholarship presumes that Schaefferian thinking arrived in Quebec with the ‘orthodox’ acousmatic approach of Francis Dhomont, this article asserts that a pluralist and multidisciplinary interpretation of Schaeffer’s work can be discerned which pre-dated Dhomont’s teaching and has had an equally lasting impact overall. A methodological argument is also made for including education and other forms of ‘reproductive labour’ in the history of electroacoustic music.
(Re)integrating Feminist Security Studies and Feminist Global Political Economy: Continuing the Conversation
Authors: Chisholm Amanda , Stachowitsch Saskia
Published: November 2017

Considerations to integrate feminist security studies (FSS) and global political economy (GPE) were first systematically reflected in the Critical Perspectives section of the June 2015 issue of this journal. That collection presented engaging essays on how the divide between the two fields has evolved and ways we can seek to overcome it—or, indeed, whether we should attempt to bridge the divide. This debate has gained momentum in workshops and conference panels attempting to build bridges between the two feminist subfields. Given the richness of scholarship associated with the two fields, we aim to continue this productive conversation by bringing new voices and ideas into the debate and by engaging in further possibilities for theoretical, methodological, and empirical advancement that allow for a more comprehensive approach to global gendered inequalities and hierarchies—one that is not disciplined by academic boundaries. With this, we hope to challenge the constructed and sometimes violently sustained borders between public and private, domestic and international, political and economic, Global North and Global South, as well as disciplinary “camp structures” (Parashar 2013) that too often shape academic, and also feminist, knowledge production.