bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expediting Glycospace Exploration: Therapeutic Glycans via Automated Synthesis
Authors: Suri James , Gilmour Ryan
Published: February 2025

Glycans regulate a vast spectrum of disease‐related processes, yet effectively leveraging these important mediators in a therapeutic context remains a frontier in contemporary medicine. Unlike many other classes of clinically important biopolymers, carbohydrates derive from discrete biosynthetic pathways and are not produced directly from genes. The conspicuous absence of a biological blueprint to achieve amplification creates a persistent challenge in obtaining well‐defined glycostructures for therapeutic translation. Isolating purified sugars from biological sources is not without challenge, rendering synthetic organic chemistry the nexus of this advancing field. Chemical synthesis has proven to be an unfaltering pillar in the production of complex glycans, but laborious syntheses coupled with purification challenges frequently introduce reproducibility issues. In an effort to reconcile these preparative challenges with the societal importance of glycans, automated glycan synthesis was conceptualised at the start of the 21st century. This rapidly expanding, multifaceted field of scientific endeavor has effectively merged synthetic chemistry with technology and engineering to expedite the precision synthesis of target glycans. This minireview describes the structural diversity and function of glycans generated by automated glycan synthesis platforms over the last five years. The translational impact of these advances is discussed together with current limitations and future directions.
Advances in the Potential of Quinoline‐Derived Metal Complexes as Antimalarial Agents: A Review
Authors: Peron Carla , Gonçalves Raoni Schroeder Borges , Moura Sidnei
Published: February 2025

Quinolines obtained from native trees of South and Central America, of the genus Cinchona, have been used since the 17th century for the treatment of malaria. However, it was only in 1820 that quinine had its structure elucidated, and subsequently, during the 20th century, several synthetic derivatives were produced with quinine superior activities. In parallel, the search for the synthesis of metal complex compounds for the treatment of malaria dates from 1994, with the development of ferroquine, an iron complex derived from chloroquine, developed by Biot and collaborators at Lille University. After, there are several metal complexes synthesized from quinine with various metals, such as ruthenium, gold, iridium, and platinum, over the last 30 years, which are the aims of this review. This review identified 84 quinoline–metal complexes reported across 25 studies, with the gold complex (Complex 63) showing significant potency against the FcBI strain (IC50 10 nM), outperforming chloroquine (CQ, 50 nM), indicating that metal coordination enhances the drug's action. The ruthenium complex (Complex 03) exhibited activity against PFB but was less effective than CQ (IC50 22.5 vs. 8.2 nM). Other complexes, such as Au(III) (Complex 61), Ir(I) (Complex 52), and Ir(II) (Complex 50), also demonstrated promising results with varying effectiveness across different strains. Structural features, including linear geometry in Au(I) complexes and square planar or piano stool geometries in Ru(II) and Ir complexes, play crucial roles in influencing their biological activity. These findings highlight the potential of metal coordination in improving antimalarial efficacy.
Nickel Catalyst With Excellent Thermal Stability for Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization
Authors: Tian Wanlu , Guan Hengchao , Wang Wenbing , Kong Xin , Pang Wenmin , Wang Quan , Wang Fuzhou , Zou Chen
Published: February 2025

Recently, a series of inexpensive nickel‐based phosphine phenol catalysts have been synthesized for catalyzing the copolymerization of ethylene and polar monomers to prepare functionalized polyolefins. However, it is still challenging to achieve homogeneous nickel catalysts that catalyze ethylene polymerization or copolymerization at high temperatures (up to 150°C) with high activity. This work synthesized a series of phosphine phenol nickel catalysts with bulky steric hindrance and electron donating groups, which were used for catalyzing ethylene polymerization and coordination copolymerization of ethylene and a series of polar monomers at high temperatures. These nickel catalysts exhibited high ethylene polymerization activity and excellent thermal stability at 150°C, producing polyethylene with a molecular weight of up to 102.7 × 104 g mol−1. More importantly, these catalysts can catalyze the copolymerization of ethylene and a range of polar monomers at 120°C, improving the surface properties of polyolefins.
Ligand‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐Amines
Authors: Pang Ting , Sang Tian , He Jing , Guo Ruili , Xie Jianwei , Liu Ping
Published: February 2025

A simple and efficient approach was developed for ligand‐free copper‐promoted N‐arylation of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐amines with aryliodides. A series of diarylamines and triarylamines could be obtained by controlling the reaction conditions. The reaction exhibited good functional‐group tolerance, the feasibility of scale‐up, and selectivity that make it particularly well suited for potential applications both in academic and industrial perspectives.
Anticancer Activity of Soy Lecithin‐Based Curcumin in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tiryaki Selen , Macit Meltem , Zemheri Itır Ebru , Süt Pınar Akkuş , Duman Gülengül , Telci Dilek
Published: February 2025

Prostate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths, has driven research into drug delivery systems to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Curcumin, a phenolic phytochemical from Curcuma longa, shows antioxidant, anti‐mutagenic, anti‐proliferative, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties. However, its low solubility and bioavailability limit its use, leading to the development of encapsulated formulations to enhance its efficacy. Carrier‐based curcumin formulations have emerged as a promising perspective for cancer treatment. Here, we aimed to assess the in vitro anticancer activity of soy lecithin‐encapsulated curcumin (SLCCUR) and the safety and efficacy of its intracellular uptake against prostate cancer. To this end, the intracellular uptake and cytotoxic activity of SLCCUR versus free curcumin (FCUR) were analyzed in androgen‐sensitive 22Rv1 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells along with normal prostate epithelial cells PNT1A. Cellular uptake of SLCCUR was 15‐fold higher than FCUR, showing a greater dose‐dependent cytotoxic effect on 22Rv1 and LNCaP cells, while only a cytostatic effect was observed for PNT1A cells. In a nude mice 22Rv1 xenograft model, administration of SLCCUR resulted in a tenfold greater reduction in tumor size compared to FCUR, suggesting that the anticancer activity of curcumin is significantly improved when encapsulated in soy lecithin‐based carriers.
Primary sulci formation in human cerebral cortex development
Authors: Kumagai Miyu , Kanahashi Toru , Matsubayashi Jun , Imai Hirohiko , Otani Hiroki , Takakuwa Tetsuya
Published: February 2025

We aimed to determine the timing of appearance and the morphologic and morphometric features of the initial human cerebral sulcal formation. Using high‐resolution magnetic resonance images obtained from 33 samples between 11 and 16 weeks (w) of gestation (crown‐rump length <130 mm), the cerebral surface and internal structures on serial two‐dimensional planes and all possible sulci on three‐dimensional reconstructions were marked, allowing comparison of the positions of the sulci in the samples and inter‐samples. Our method provided accurate conclusions regarding the timing of sulcal formation. Detection timing was as early as and earlier than those in previous studies using anatomical dissection and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively: <12 w for the callosum, <13 w for the hippocampal, calcarine, and parieto‐occipital sulci, and < 15 w for the lateral sulcus. Occasionally, an olfactory sulcus was detected. However, the cingulate sulcus could not be definitely identified. The lateral sulcus gradually appeared and changed shape. The lengths of the left and right sides of the olfactory sulci and the left side of the hippocampal sulcus increased linearly with the CRL. The length of the right side of the hippocampal sulcus and the left and right sides of the calcarine, parieto‐occipital, and not determined_a sulci did not increase with the CRL The depth of the all sulci, except for the parieto‐occipital sulci, increased linearly with the CRL. The sulci might not arise as if they elongate gradually but arise simultaneously over some distance. We determined the timing of the initial sulcal formation using high‐resolution MRI. Our findings may significantly impact prenatal diagnosis and research on neurodevelopmental disorders.
Design of backstepping control for nonlinear systems based on command filter and uncertainty estimation
Authors: Sun Yongbo , Zhou Lan , Jiang Fuxi , Li Meiliu , Xiao Wenbin
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an improved command‐filtered backstepping control strategy for a class of multisource‐disturbed nonlinear systems based on an active‐uncertainty‐estimation‐and‐compensation approach. Exploiting the available model information of a plant, a reduced‐order extended‐state observer is designed to estimate a matched total uncertainty. Command filters are constructed to estimate virtual control inputs. Both the estimated states and estimation errors are used for the construction of the backstepping control law, which guarantees the stability of the system and compensates for uncertainties. Moreover, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to simultaneously optimize the state observer gain and backstepping control gains. Finally, a case study on a rotational system shows that the presented method achieves better uncertainty suppression and tracking performance in both transient and steady state than other related methods.
An idea to explore: Use of the virtual reality app Nanome for teaching three‐dimensional biomolecular structures
Authors: Berkmen Melanie B. , Balla Melisa , Cavanaugh Mikayla T. , Smith Isabel N. , Flores‐Artica Misael Eduardo , Thornhill Abby M. , Lockart Julia C. , Peterson Celeste N.
Published: February 2025

Biochemistry and molecular biology students are asked to understand and analyze the structures of small molecules and complex three‐dimensional (3D) macromolecules. However, most tools to help students learn molecular visualization skills are limited to two‐dimensional (2D) images on screens and in textbooks. The virtual reality (VR) App Nanome, designed for collaborative drug discovery, allows users to visualize, build, modify, and interact with molecules in 3D. Here, we describe our pedagogical approach for using Nanome to teach biomolecular structure concepts in the classroom. After introducing students to the Meta Quest VR hardware and training students to use Nanome using its built‐in tutorials, we used Nanome to review molecular structure. We provide five detailed Nanome exercises that address a variety of key learning objectives in biochemistry and molecular biology including reviewing protein structure (secondary, tertiary, and quaternary), properties of active sites, chirality of amino acids, and ligand‐enzyme interactions. The exercises we designed include built‐in assessment to monitor student learning in Nanome. In addition, we supply instructor resources for starting with Nanome and implementing the exercises. After the VR exercises, we used surveys to assess student impressions. All students reported that the activities were somewhat or very helpful in learning about molecular structure. Most students (85%) reported that the activities increased or moderately increased their interest in biomolecular structures. We also discuss student perceptions of the technology and the advantages and challenges they cited to using VR to review biomolecular structure.
Metabolite Profiling of Danatinib in Mice Using Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Yuan , Zhang Yuan‐Wei , Yu Sheng‐Nan , Qiao Nuo , Ni Xing‐Feng , Liu Qian , Bai Ming‐Yu , Li Qing‐Qing , Wang Zi‐Xuan , Zhou Yun , Ding Ning , Sun Shan‐Liang , Xue Xin , Shan Chen‐Xiao , Shi Zhi‐Hao , Wang Jin , Li Nian‐Guang
Published: February 2025

Danatinib, a brand‐new compound synthesized in our laboratory for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), demonstrates remarkable antitumor activity. However, the pharmacokinetic profile of Danatinib in mice was short with its half‐life was only 0.476 h. To address this issue and optimize its therapeutic efficacy, this study investigated the metabolic profiles of Danatinib in mice, both in vitro and in vivo, using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q‐TOF MS) technology. In the in vitro study, Danatinib was analyzed using mouse liver microsomes, resulting in the identification of eight metabolites. In the in vivo study, Danatinib was administered orally to mice at 20 mg/kg; the samples of plasma, bile, feces, and urine were collected and analyzed, leading to the identification of 34 metabolites. The results showed that those metabolites were formed through various metabolic reactions including hydroxylation, carboxylation, acetylation, hydrogenation, and glucuronidation. This study provides a systematic investigation of the metabolism of Danatinib, offering valuable information for further structural modification to improve its pharmacokinetic profiles.
Altered Self‐Referential‐Related Brain Regions in Depersonalization‐Derealization Disorder
Authors: Jia Yuan , Song Nan , Ning Yanzhe , Zhu Hong , Dong Linrui , Feng Sitong , Jia Hongxiao , Song Mingkang , Zheng Sisi
Published: February 2025

Objective

We aimed to explore the alteration in topology and network properties in self‐referential‐related brain regions of individuals with depersonalization–derealization disorders (DPD), using evidence from resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI).

Methods

We first determined the regions of interest (ROIs) using Neurosynth, based on which we conducted an ROI‐wise functional connectivity search to create a self‐referential‐related network and performed a topographical analysis. We then compared the analyzed properties from the rs‐fMRI of disordered individuals to those of healthy controls to generate differential properties, based on which we conducted a machine learning‐based disease diagnostic model.

Results

The study found significant changes in connectivity between brain regions associated with self‐referential processing in individuals with DPD compared to healthy controls. Correlation analysis showed negative correlations between “unreality of surroundings” and connectivity between the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars orbitalis and left insula and between “perceptual alterations” and connectivity between the left pregenual and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Graph theoretical analysis revealed increased local and global efficiency but decreased characteristic path length. The accuracy of the classification model was 0.885, and the area under the curve was 0.928.

Conclusions

Individuals with DPD showed alterations in brain topography and changes in network properties within self‐referential‐related brain regions; specifically, the changes in cortical midline structures and insula could be related to the underlying mechanism of DPD, highlighting potential targets for future research and therapeutic strategies.
Determining the Diagnostic Value of Venous Sinus Density Indices in Non‐Contrast Brain CT Scan for Early Diagnosis of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Maghbooli Mehdi , Kermani Mohammad , Sany Seyed Nariman Tavakoli , Arfaei Melina
Published: February 2025

Background and Aim

A non‐contrast brain CT Non‐contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan is a valuable and cost‐effective way to detect cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) during its acute phase. The goal of this study was to evaluate how effective this diagnostic approach is, including its various density indices, to enable a more precise and timely diagnosis of this debilitating condition.

Method

This retrospective case‐control study was conducted on 88 patients with suspected acute CVST. We analyzed NCCT scans of patients with suspected CVST using a Bayesian regression model with a 95% confidence level. We also conducted ROC analysis in R4.1.0 to determine the optimal cut‐off point.

Result

We discovered a significant variance in the average sinus attenuation when comparing patients with acute CVST (p < 0.001). By utilizing an optimal cutoff of 61 HU (Hounsfield unit), we achieved sensitivities of 77.1% and specificities of 92.5% for average sinus attenuation. In addition, the optimal cutoff for standardized parameters included the ratios of HU/H (Hematocrit), HU/ICA (internal carotid artery), HU/BA (basilar artery), HU/FRONTAL lobe, HU/TEMPORAL lobe, and HU–BA, which were 1.41, 1.52, 1.63, 1.6, 1.6, and 23, respectively (p < 0.001). Area under the ROC curve for absolute venous Hounsfield was 0.88.

Conclusion

NCCT is a reliable diagnostic approach for acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in emergency scenarios. Standardized parameters of absolute Hounsfield unit venous sinus thrombosis increase diagnosis accuracy. It is suggested to use these parameters as a complement to each other for more accurate diagnosis.
Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Neuropsychological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Asadizeidabadi Arya , Hosseini Seyedmohammadamin , Pyatkov Artem
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows promise in treating neuropsychological disorders. This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the effects of rTMS on inflammatory cytokines and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) under these conditions.

Method:

We searched five electronic databases for relevant studies. Twelve studies (six randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and six cohort studies) were included in the systematic review, with six RCTs included in the meta‐analysis. The primary outcome was tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels, with secondary outcomes including interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), and BDNF.

Results:

Meta‐analysis revealed a significant decrease in TNF‐α levels after rTMS (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −6.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −10.47–2.83, p < 0.05), with greater effects associated with longer interventions. No significant change was found in the IL‐6 levels. BDNF levels increased significantly (WMD: 7.97, 95% CI: 2.8–13.15, p < 0.05). Qualitative synthesis indicated consistent reductions in IL‐1β. High heterogeneity was observed in some analyses.

Conclusion:

rTMS may exert therapeutic effects on neuropsychological disorders partly through modulating neuroinflammation and promoting neuroplasticity. However, high heterogeneity and study limitations necessitate larger, more standardized clinical trials to confirm these effects and explore their clinical significance.
Ethical Concerns of AI in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: khan Muhammad Mohsin , Scalia Gianluca , Shah Noman , Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Chavda Vishal , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: February 2025

Background

The relentless integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into neurosurgery necessitates a meticulous exploration of the associated ethical concerns. This systematic review focuses on synthesizing empirical studies, reviews, and opinion pieces from the past decade, offering a nuanced understanding of the evolving intersection between AI and neurosurgical ethics.

Materials and Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted to identify studies addressing AI in neurosurgery, emphasizing ethical dimensions. The search strategy employed keywords related to AI, neurosurgery, and ethics. Inclusion criteria encompassed empirical studies, reviews, and ethical analyses published in the last decade, with English language restriction. Quality assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute tools ensured methodological rigor.

Results

Eight key studies were identified, each contributing unique insights to the ethical considerations associated with AI in neurosurgery. Findings highlighted limitations of AI technologies, challenges in data bias, transparency, and legal responsibilities. The studies emphasized the need for responsible AI systems, regulatory oversight, and transparent decision‐making in neurosurgical practices.

Conclusions

The synthesis of findings underscores the complexity of ethical considerations in the integration of AI in neurosurgery. Transparent and responsible AI use, regulatory oversight, and mitigation of biases emerged as recurring themes. The review calls for the establishment of comprehensive ethical guidelines to ensure safe and equitable AI integration into neurosurgical practices. Ongoing research, educational initiatives, and a culture of responsible innovation are crucial for navigating the evolving landscape of AI‐driven advancements in neurosurgery.
Determinants of Generative AI in Promoting Green Purchasing Behavior: A Hybrid Partial Least Squares–Artificial Neural Network Approach
Authors: Foroughi Behzad , Naghmeh‐Abbaspour Bita , Wen Jun , Ghobakhloo Morteza , Al‐Emran Mostafa , Al‐Sharafi Mohammed A.
Published: February 2025

In the era of rapid technological advancement, generative artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in various sectors, including environmental sustainability. This research investigates the factors and consequences of using generative AI to access environmental information and influence green purchasing behavior. It integrates theories such as the information adoption model, value–belief–norm theory, elaboration likelihood model, and cognitive dissonance theory to pinpoint and prioritize determinants of generative AI usage for environmental information and green purchasing behavior. Data from 467 participants were analyzed using a hybrid methodology that blends partial least squares (PLS) with artificial neural networks (ANN). The PLS outcomes indicate that interactivity, responsiveness, knowledge acquisition and application, environmental concern, and ascription of responsibility are key predictors of generative AI use for environmental information. Furthermore, environmental concerns, green values, personal norms, ascription of responsibility, individual impact, and generative AI use emerge as predictors of green purchasing behavior. The ANN analysis offers a unique perspective and discloses variations in the hierarchy of these predictors. This research provides valuable insights for stakeholders on harnessing generative AI to promote sustainable consumer behaviors and environmental sustainability.
Urticalean Rosids Clade (Rosales): Deciphering the Riddle From a Chemical Point of View
Authors: Maciel Jéssica da Silva , de Sousa Adriana Lima , Ramos Carolina Chaves , Feitoza Rodrigo Barbosa Braga , de Oliveira Rodrigo Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

Cannabaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae and Urticaceae are members of the Urticalean rosids clade (Rosales). Their infrafamilial and infrageneric relationships remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess chemical similarities and differences between families of the Urticalean rosids clade based on aromatic phenolic compounds. Analysis of the structural variability of these compounds may help to understand the taxonomic relationships of the clade. Data on the occurrence and type of aromatic phenolic compounds were obtained from the SciFinder database. Parameters of phenolic protection, oxidation and skeletal specialisation were calculated. Multivariate statistical analyses were performed. Flavones and flavonols were found to be chemosystematic markers of the clade. Moraceae showed aromatic phenolic compounds with more specialised skeletons, while Cannabaceae, Ulmaceae and Urticaceae showed regular skeletons. Phenolic protection mechanisms are more specialised in Moraceae (O‐prenylation and O‐methylation), while O‐glycosylation predominated in the other families. Distinct evolutionary trends in structural types and oxidation patterns distinguish Moraceae, suggesting metabolic differences within the clade.
Essential Oil from Magnolia braianensis (Gagnep.) Figlar Leaves Growing Wild in Vietnam: Chemical Analysis, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Binh Hoang Thi , Linh Le Truc , Van Ngoc Nguyen
Published: February 2025

Magnolia braianensis (Gagnep.) Figlar is an endemic species native to Vietnam. To date, its essential oil's (EO's) chemical composition and biological activity have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of the leaf EO from M. braianensis. The chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, while antimicrobial activity was evaluated through a microdilution broth assay. Additionally, the 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS⁺) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assays were conducted to assess the EO's antioxidant potential. The results show that twenty‐four compounds were identified in the EO, with oxygenated sesquiterpenes being dominant at 53.6%. The major compounds were α‐selinene (17.9%), flourensadiol (13.7%), germacrene D (10.0%), globulol (9.7%), β‐elemene (8.4%), carotol (5.7%), and pogostol (5.7%). The EO inhibited only Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (IC₅₀: 61.28 ± 2.7 and 169.5 ± 7.98 µg/mL, respectively), showing minimal effect on other strains. The EO demonstrated significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, with an SC₅₀ value of 98.81 µg/mL. However, it exhibited poor antioxidant activity in the ABTS assay, as indicated by an SC₅₀ value exceeding 100 µg/mL. For the first time, this report explores the chemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potential of EOs extracted from M. braianensis leaves.
Homobifunctional Photocaged 2‐Butene‐1,4‐dials (bis‐PBDAs) as Amino‐Reactive Photo‐Crosslinkers for Biomaterial Fabrication and Cell Fixation
Authors: Li Jiahui , Wang Qi , Yin Mengyuan , Shan Xiajing , Guan Wenli , Lu Kuan , Fan Chaochao , Zhou Yifei , Li Yanjun , Guo Weiwei , Chen Quan , Zhou Chuanzheng
Published: February 2025

Crosslinking amine‐rich biomolecules with aldehydes, such as paraformaldehyde (PFA) and glutaraldehyde (GA), is a widely used method for biomaterial fabrication and cell fixation. In this study, we introduce homobifunctional photocaged 2‐butene‐1,4‐dials (bis‐PBDAs) as novel amine‐reactive photo‐crosslinkers. Compared to PFA and GA, bis‐PBDAs are inherently less toxic. Upon photo‐deprotection, bis‐PBDAs efficiently react with the amino groups of biomolecules, such as carboxymethyl chitosan and histone H3, forming stable, well‐defined crosslinks. Even at low concentrations (~100 μM), bis‐PBDAs facilitate effective cell fixation without significantly altering cellular morphology or interfering with biochemical analyses, including protein/mRNA extraction and immunofluorescence imaging. Therefore, bis‐PBDAs are promising reagents for crosslinking amine‐rich biopolymers and hold great potential in biomaterial fabrication and the fixation of living cells and tissues.
Ultrasound‐Guided Percutaneous Sclerotherapy With Bleomycin for Management of Infantile Subcutaneous Hemangioma: A Case Report
Authors: Kiani Iman , Khalili Mitra , Abdollahimajd Fahimeh , Eshghi Peyman , Khameneh Bagheri Arash
Published: February 2025

Percutaneous sclerotherapy with bleomycin is an effective, minimally invasive treatment for aggressive pediatric hemangiomas, especially when traditional therapies fail. This approach can improve clinical outcomes, including thrombocytopenia resolution and tumor size reduction, with minimal systemic side effects.
Use of Wax and Resin Patterns in Global Fixed Prosthetic Rehabilitation
Authors: Lefrançois Etienne , Aubault Ludovic , Provost Salomé
Published: February 2025

In clinical situations of complete rehabilitation with fixed prostheses, mastering each parameter of all restorations (shape, marginal adaptation, proximal and occlusal contacts) proves to be a challenge. The large number of restorations involves many potential adjustments that are time‐consuming and lead to final ceramic properties degradation. This clinical report highlights the benefits of using castable patterns in complete fixed prosthetic rehabilitation. Minimal preparations of the teeth were carried out using the conventional mock‐up technique. The impressions were then digitized to produce wax and resin patterns (Castable Wax Resin; Formlabs) with a stereolithography 3D printer (Form 2; Formlabs). During oral try‐in of patterns, adjustments can be carried out to correct any defects of shape, marginal adaptation, proximal, and occlusal contacts. The definitive restorations were directly pressed from the patterns into lithium disilicate glass‐reinforced ceramic (IPS e.max Press; Ivoclar Vivadent) using the lost‐wax casting process. Finally, the restorations were placed permanently in the mouth with complete patient satisfaction after 4 years of follow‐up. This procedure is intended to reduce ceramic adjustments on definitive restorations. It is especially relevant in complete fixed rehabilitation and in situations where the thickness of ceramic restorations does not allow for try‐in before bonding.
A Stable Polyoxovanadate‐based Metal−organic Framework Containing Dual Catalytic Sites for Efficient Synthesis of p–benzoquinones
Authors: Dang Tian‐Yi , Tian Hong‐Rui , Lu Ying , Li Run‐Han , Liu Shu‐Xia
Published: February 2025

A novel polyoxovanadate‐based metal−organic framework (POV‐MOF), [Cu(bix)]{V2O6} (V–Cu‐MOF, bix=1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene), has been successfully synthesized and characterized. The V–Cu‐MOF demonstrates exceptional performance in the selective oxidation of 2,3,6‐trimethylphenol to 2,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone within just 10 minutes under mild conditions using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. The V–Cu‐MOF exhibits remarkable versatility, efficiently oxidizing various substituted phenols while maintaining high catalytic activity. Additionally, it shows excellent recyclability, with conversion and selectivity consistently exceeding 97 % after multiple cycles. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction benefits from dual‐active centers {V2O6}2− clusters and binuclear copper units. The weak substrate adsorption by binuclear copper prevents catalyst poisoning, ensuring sustained activity throughout the process.
Pökeln: eine Gratwanderung?
Authors: Bunkan Arne J. C. , Hatscher Deike
Published: February 2025

Wissen Sie, welche dreiatomige Anionen mit Fleischbestandteilen zu typischen Pökelaromen reagieren und darüber hinaus durch die Bildung von Nitrosomyoglobin die appetitlich rosa Farbe des Neujahrsbratens konservieren?
BMI Association With Treatment Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy: A Comprehensive Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Saowapa Sakditad , Polpichai Natchaya , Siladech Pharit , Wannaphut Chalothorn , Tanariyakul Manasawee , Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Bernal Diego Olavarria , Pleitez Hector Garcia , Tijani Lukman
Published: February 2025

Background

In recent years, immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of advanced malignancies. As such, numerous ICIs are establishing themselves as prospective therapy alternatives for individuals with head and neck cancer (HNC). Evidence suggests a potential correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the efficacy of ICIs in cancer patients. However, this association in HNC patients subjected to immunotherapy is still unclear.

Aims

To investigate the effect of BMI on the survival outcomes of HNC patients treated with immunotherapy.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched extensively for records published until January 2024. Full‐text articles aligned with the research objective were included, while records published in English, case reports, reviews, editorials, and studies reporting immunotherapy combined with other cancer therapies were excluded. The data required for review and analysis was abstracted in Excel files by two independent reviewers. Additionally, data synthesis was carried out using the Review Manager program, and evaluation of methodological quality was done with the Newcastle Ottawa scale. The statistical analyses were stratified according to the BMI values, of which patients were categorized as follows: Obese (BMI ≥ 27.5), non‐obese (BMI < 27.5), overweight (BMI: 23.5–27.5), underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal (BMI: 18.5–23.5), low (BMI < 20), and high (BMI ≥ 20).

Results

Only six studies were reviewed and analyzed. A subgroup analysis of data from these studies showed that obese HNC patients on immunotherapy had significantly better overall survival (OS) rates than non‐obese patients (HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29–0.93; p = 0.03). However, the progression‐free survival (PFS) was statistically similar between obese and non‐obese patients (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.39–1.33; p = 0.30). In addition, when BMI was stratified as either low or high, no significant difference was observed in the OS and PFS of HNC patients (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.59–1.66; p = 0.97 and HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.61–1.41; p = 0.42, respectively). Similarly, the statistical analyses showed that overweight patients have similar OS and PFS as patients with normal BMI (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.15–1.92; p = 0.33 and HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.20–1.52; p = 0.25, respectively). In contrast, underweight patients demonstrated poor OS and PFS (HR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.29–5.12; p = 0.008 and HR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.17–6.52; p = 0.02, respectively).

Discussion and Conclusion

Obese HNC patients on immunotherapy tend to have improved OS than non‐obese patients, while underweight patients have worse clinical prognoses than those with normal or above BMI.
Optimizing Resource Estimation for Scientific Workflows in HPC Environments: A Layered‐Bucket Heuristic Approach
Authors: Alvarenga Luis C. R. , Frota Yuri , de Oliveira Daniel , Coutinho Rafaelli
Published: February 2025

As computational simulations become complex and the amount of processed data grows, executing scientific workflows in High‐Performance Computing (HPC) environments is increasingly essential. However, accurately estimating the required computational resources for such executions presents a significant challenge, requiring a thorough examination of the workflow structure and the characteristics of the computational environment. This manuscript introduces the GraspCC‐LB heuristic, based on the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP), for estimating the necessary resources for executing scientific workflows in HPC environments. Unlike existing methods, GraspCC‐LB incorporates the layered structure of workflows into its estimation process. The proposed approach was evaluated using real traces of workflows from the fields of bioinformatics and astronomy. The resource estimations produced by GraspCC‐LB were compared against the actual resource usage in a real‐world HPC environment to evaluate its effectiveness. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of GraspCC‐LB as a robust approach for resource optimization in the context of large‐scale scientific workflows that require HPC capabilities.
Cold Start Prediction and Provisioning Optimization in Serverless Computing Using Deep Learning
Authors: Saravana Kumar N. , Selvakumara Samy S.
Published: February 2025

Serverless computing has emerged as a significant framework for application development, offering benefits such as simplified deployment and enhanced developer productivity. Serverless designs accelerate app development, but user experience and performance are put at risk through the delay during a cold start. In this paper, an optimized concurrent provisioning methodology for the AWS Lambda environment has been proposed along with a cold start prediction technique based on deep learning. Employing historical data and real‐time features like timestamp, invoke frequency, cold start indicator, duration, previous cold starts, event type, historical cold starts, time since the last cold start, and consecutive cold starts, an attention‐based bi‐directional gated recurrent unit (ABiGRU) is used to predict the cold start occurrences with high precision. In the AWS Lambda environment, the proposed DL model was able to predict the cold start likelihood for incoming Lambda invocations very accurately. In addition, the performance of the ABiGRU model is enhanced by hyperparameter tuning using the RMSProp optimizer. The findings of the experiments establish the proposed DL model to perform in the reduction of cold starts compared to the existing approach. Further, the ODL‐CSP technique achieves an accuracy of 90.36%, a precision of 91.87%, a recall of 90.42%, an F1_score of 90.28%, and an MCC of 82.28% when applied to the testing dataset. Additionally, the proposed paradigm optimizes Lambdas using provisioned concurrency, similar to a function warmer. The proposed DL paradigm will eliminate cold start times by early deployment of Lambdas so that the ice age of the serverless architecture is eliminated.
Optimal Dosing Regimen for Epcoritamab, a Subcutaneous Bispecific Antibody, in Relapsed or Refractory Large B‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Li Tommy , Gibiansky Leonid , Parikh Apurvasena , Putnins Matthew , Chiu Christopher W. , Sacchi Mariana , Feng Huaibao , Ahmadi Tahamtan , Gupta Manish , Xu Steven
Published: February 2025

Epcoritamab is a CD3xCD20 bispecific antibody that activates T cells to kill CD20‐expressing B cells. Epcoritamab is approved for the treatment of adults with different types of relapsed or refractory lymphoma in various geographies, including the United States, Europe, and Japan. Epcoritamab demonstrated an overall response rate of 63%, a complete response rate of 39%, and manageable safety with the approved dosing regimen (0.16‐mg and 0.8‐mg step‐up doses and 48‐mg full dose, with dosing every week in cycles 1–3, every 2 weeks in cycles 4–9, and every 4 weeks in cycles ≥ 10) in patients with relapsed or refractory large B‐cell lymphoma from the phase 1/2 EPCORE® NHL‐1 trial expansion through January 31, 2022. Exposure–efficacy analyses including the EPCORE NHL‐1 and EPCORE NHL‐3 trials revealed that higher exposure was associated with a higher overall response rate, complete response rate, progression‐free survival, and overall survival. A potential plateau of efficacy was observed at 48 mg or above. The exposure–safety analyses of these trials did not identify any safety concerns with the approved dosing regimen. No associations were detected between exposure and safety endpoints. The step‐up doses were clinically active and helped mitigate cytokine release syndrome risk at the subsequent full doses. Most initial responses (94%) were observed during the weekly dosing period, and most responders with large B‐cell lymphoma maintained or improved their response during every 2 weeks and every 4 weeks dosing. Overall, these analyses support the approved single‐agent epcoritamab 0.16/0.8/48‐mg dosing regimen in relapsed or refractory large B‐cell lymphoma.
Teleworking and the Challenges of Digitalization: The Role of Human Resource Managers
Authors: Pompa Leonardo , De Pretis Francesco , Cambrea Domenico Rocco , Garzia Carmine
Published: February 2025

Teleworking, which in most cases means “working from home,” has led many researchers to claim that workplace flexibility is bound to become the “new normal.” Whereas such scholars have adequately stressed the benefits of the digitalization of work processes, its more controversial aspects have often been downplayed. Building on a thorough examination of recent literature, this study analyzes the relationship between digitalization and ethics from a theoretical perspective. After analyzing the potential conflicts between teleworking and corporate social responsibility, a new theoretical model will be introduced to assist human resource managers in the implementation of genuinely sustainable practices. In this regard, this work aims to propose a decision tree as a tool for HR managers and test it with a hypothetical case study, thus including the required indicators and assessing the potential developments of this decision‐making strategy through an explanation of its implications. The conclusion is that the ethical viability of teleworking is not necessarily a beneficial solution per se, but rather a trade‐off between different sustainable practices.
Socio‐economic status and the effect of guideline‐directed medical therapy in the STRONG‐HF study
Authors: Damasceno Albertino , Saidu Hadiza , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth , Edwards Christopher , Celutkiene Jelena , Adamo Marianna , Arrigo Mattia , Barros Marianela , Biegus Jan , Čerlinskaitė‐Bajorė Kamilė , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Deniau Benjamin , Diaz Rafael , Filippatos Gerasimos , Gayat Etienne , Kimmoun Antoine , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Metra Marco , Novosadova Maria , Pagnesi Matteo , Pang Peter S. , Ponikowski Piotr , Ter Maaten Jozine M. , Tomasoni Daniela , Voors Adriaan A. , Takagi Koji , Mebazaa Alexandre , Sliwa Karen
Published: February 2025

Aims

Acute heart failure (AHF) impacts millions globally, with outcomes varying based on socio‐economic status (SES).

Methods

SES measured by annual household income, years of education and medical insurance coverage. Each patient's income and education level relative to the median or mean, respectively, in the country was calculated, and categorized into tertiles (0, 1 or 2 from lowest to highest). SES scores (0–5) were computed as the sum of these levels plus insurance coverage (0 = no or 1 = yes). Patients' baseline characteristics, outcomes (HF readmission, death and their composite) and the effect of high‐intensity care (HIC) vs. usual care (UC) were examined by SES scores 0–2, 3 and 4–5.

Results

Lower SES patients, who were younger, predominantly female, Black and non‐European, had fewer comorbidities such as atrial fibrillation, diabetes and ischaemic heart disease and exhibited milder HF, indicated by a lower NYHA class, lower creatinine and higher cholesterol before discharge. Despite having milder HF and less comorbidities, after adjusting for baseline characteristics, patients with higher SES had numerically better outcomes, though differences were not statistically significant. 180‐day hazard ratios (HRs) for HF readmission or death were 0.75 (95% CI 0.48–1.16) for SES scores of 3 and 0.85 (95% CI 0.58–1.23) for scores of 4–5, compared to 0–2. Higher SES patients had numerically better treatment effect from HIC, with HRs of 0.69 for SES 0–2, 0.72 for SES 3 and 0.50 for SES 4–5.

Conclusions

In this post hoc analysis of the STRONG‐HF study, lower SES was associated with milder acute HF but similar 180‐day outcomes. Higher SES patients benefitted more from HIC.
Optimal Dispatch of Power System Considering Low Carbon Demand Response of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Wei Zhenyu , Zhao Yi , Sun Wenyao , Qian Xiaoyi
Published: February 2025

This research suggests a double‐layer optimization operation approach that considers electric vehicle participation when low‐carbon scheduling is used within the power system; there is a need to provide assistance in the transition to low‐carbon energy sources. The Monte Carlo technique is used to simulate data for electric vehicle load predictions. The top model uses the grid operators as its central organization. It sets the lowest generation and carbon trading costs as its objective, engages directly in the carbon trading market, determines the ideal model for unit output distribution, and determines each unit's actual production. In the lower model, the operators of the electric vehicle cluster sense changes in the upper carbon emission factor signal, modify their charging behavior through demand response, calculate the single‐day reduction of carbon emissions, and the attainment of the benefits associated with the mitigation of carbon exhausts. A carbon emissions model is used to assign the responsibility for carbon exhausts from the user side of the generator unit to the carbon discharge aspect mechanism. Four distinct scenarios are built up, illustrating the enhanced IEEE 14 node system, to examine and confirm the efficacy of the suggested optimum scheduling model.
Seagull optimization based deep belief network model for biofuel production
Authors: Paramesh Kumar N. , Vijayabaskar S. , Murali L.
Published: February 2025

Biofuels have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels due to their potential to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on non‐renewable resources. Fluctuating energy costs and policy interventions have substantially increased global interest in biofuel production, imperative for population growth and accelerated economic development. High computation complexity, low accuracy, and other factors limited earlier works in biological production, which were overcome by predictive modeling, a promising approach to enhance efficiency and sustainability through precise forecasting and process optimization. This article introduces an innovative biofuel production prediction model named the Seagull optimization based deep belief network model for biofuel production (SGO‐DBN), comprising four major stages: data pre‐processing, reconstruction, prediction, and SGO optimization. The proposed model initially performs data pre‐processing using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique. A DBN model is used to predict biofuel production, which is further optimized by a seagull optimization algorithm‐based hyperparameter optimizer. The biofuel production rate consistently increased over six years with minimal divergence between the predicted and actual outcome. A comparative analysis showed the computation time of the proposed SGO‐DBN model was lower than that of existing techniques, while the rate of production analysis emphasized the model's robust predictive performance. Results of numerous simulations conducted to evaluate the model's performance based on various metrics showed that the SGO‐DBN model surpassed the performance of recent state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Improving the Productivity and Income of Smallholder Sorghum Farmers: The Role of Improved Crop Varieties in Nigeria
Authors: Kamara Amadu Y. , Adesiyan Adewumi T. , Oyinbo Oyakhilomen , Ajeigbe Hakeem A. , Ignatius Angarawai I. , Oluwole Temitope S.
Published: February 2025

Among others, biotic and abiotic constraints associated with climate variability contribute to the low productivity of sorghum in Nigeria and other Sub‐Saharan African countries. In this regard, improved sorghum varieties (ISVs) have been developed to address the constraints and boost the productivity of smallholder sorghum farmers. However, there is a scarcity of empirical studies on the adoption and impacts of ISVs. Using plot‐level data from 3308 plots, we examine the drivers and impacts of the adoption of ISVs on the productivity and net income of sorghum farmers in Nigeria. To do so, we estimate an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model, which accounts for potential selection bias from observed and unobserved heterogeneity, and we perform some robustness checks. Our results show that the adoption rate of ISVs is about 25% in the study area. Among other factors, access to varietal information and distance to the seed market strongly explain the adoption of ISVs. The adoption of ISVs led to an increase in sorghum yield and net income by 13% and 17% respectively. Our results suggest that most smallholder sorghum farmers will not benefit from the productivity and income gains, given the relatively low adoption of ISVs. Overall, our findings imply that policymakers and development partners should increase investments in promoting the widespread adoption of ISVs through interventions, such as improved extension services and accessibility of seeds to deliver productivity gains to smallholder sorghum farmers.