bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the social value of higher education: willingness to pay for community and technical colleges
Authors: Blomquist Glenn C. , Coomes Paul A. , Jepsen Christopher , Koford Brandon C. , Troske Kenneth R.
Published: July 2014

Much is known about private financial returns to education in the form of higher earnings. Less is known about how much social value exceeds this private value. Associations between education and socially-desirable outcomes are strong, but disentangling the effect of education from other causal factors is challenging. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the social value of one form of higher education. We elicit willingness to pay for the Kentucky Community and Technical College System (KCTCS) directly and compare our estimate of total social value to our estimates of private value in the form of increased earnings. Our earnings estimates are based on two distinct data sets, one administrative and one from the U.S. Census. The difference between the total social value and the increase in earnings is our measure of the education externality and the private, non-market value combined. Our work differs from previous research by focusing on education at the community college level and by eliciting values directly through a stated-preferences survey in a way that yields a total value including any external benefits. Our preferred estimates indicate the social value of expanding the system exceeds private financial value by at least 25% with a best point estimate of nearly 90% and exceeds total private value by at least 15% with a best point estimate of nearly 60%.
Ethnic Identity, Multiculturalism, and Their Interrelationships: Differences between Jewish and Arab Students
Authors: Hen Meirav , Kraus Eran , Goroshit Marina
Published: July 2014

The present research investigates the differences in attitudes toward multiculturalism and the level of ethnic identification among Arab and Jewish students in Israel. In addition, ethnic group effects on the relationship between the two variables were examined. Based on a sample of 142 college students, the findings indicated that Arab students showed more positive attitudes toward multiculturalism and a higher level of ethnic identity. Furthermore, the ethnic group had a significant effect on the relationships between ethnic identity and multiculturalism. For Jewish students the effect of ethnic identity on overall multiculturalism was significantly negative, while for Arab students it was positive, but not significant. These findings stress the importance of understanding the college multicultural climate at both interpersonal and institutional levels and of assessing its impact on both dominant and non-dominant culture students.
Analysis of trace elements in surface sediments, mussels, seagrass and seawater along the southeastern Adriatic coast – a chemometric approach
Authors: Stanković Slavka , Tanaskovski Bojan , Zlatić Božidarka , Arsenović Milica , Pezo Lato
Published: July 2014

Surface sediments, mussels, seagrass, surface and bottom seawater samples were collected from the costal area of the southeastern Adriatic Sea and analyzed in order to determine the concentration and origin of the following elements: Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Ni, Co, As, Cd, Cr and Hg. The complexity of the obtained data was reduced by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), methods well known and accepted for the identification of the quality of marine environments. Both PCA and CA analysis were used to discriminate groups of samples according to the similarity of their chemical composition. The results revealed good diversity between the various samples, expressed by their distinctive positions of points in factor space. PCA indicated that the first two PC components explained about 73, 48, 43, 48, and 50 % of the total variance of the data for sediments, mussels, seagrass, and surface and bottom water, respectively. The results showed good discrimination capabilities between the samples taken from different locations, and also different seasons, which was especially evident in the surface and bottom water samples. Simultaneously, PCA/CA analysis of the amounts of trace elements found in the marine organisms could explain the manner of their bioaccumulation.
Effect of titanium nanofiller on the productivity and crystallinity of ethylene and propylene copolymer
Authors: Bakather Omer Yahya , Al-Harthi Mamdouh A.
Published: July 2014

Bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium (IV) dichloride of empirical formula C10 H10 Cl2 Zr was used as a catalyst. Doped titania with iron (TiO2/Fe) nanofillers were used to study the effect of nanofillers on ethylene homopolymer and ethylene/propylene copolymer properties. Using titanium dioxide doped with iron (TiO2/Fe) resulted in the increase in the molecular weight (M

w
) of polyethylene and ethylene/propylene copolymer nanocomposites of up to 80% when compared to the neat polymer. The catalyst activity was increased by using TiO2/Fe nanofiller for both ethylene polymerization and ethylene/propylene copolymerization. Besides the investigation of the catalyst activity and the molecular weight (M

w
) of the obtained polymer, molecular weight distribution, copolymer composition, crystallinity and thermal characteristics of polyethylene and polyethylene/polypropylene nanocomposites were also studied. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polyethylene and polyethylene/polypropylene nanocomposites fits well with the Avrami-Erofeev model.
A New Method to Determine the Optimal Skin Incision for Anterior Cervical Surgery with CT Multiplanar Reformation Techniques
Authors: Kong Lingde , Cao Lei , Zhang Yingze , Shen Yong
Published: July 2014

An accurate determination of the optimal level of transverse skin incision is important. We describe a new technique to determine the level on the basis of computed tomography multiplanar reformations techniques, and conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine the accuracy of the new method. Eighty patients were enrolled and evenly divided into two groups. Patients in group A were marked by the traditional technique, whereas patients in group B were marked by the new method. Standard exposure procedures were performed. Intra-operative fluoroscopy confirmed if the intervertebral discs exposed were the intended ones. At the end of the study, intra-operative fluoroscopy confirmed that the intervertebral discs inserted with needles were not the intended ones in ten cases (25%) in group A. However, only three cases (7.5%) were wrongly located in group B. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.03). No severe complications were seen in either group. The current study provides a feasible method to identify the accurate level of transverse skin incision.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Peripheral Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Crisan Iulia Maria , Dumitrascu Dan Lucian
Published: July 2014

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, affecting about 10 to 20% of the population in developed countries. The mechanisms underlying the symptoms of this condition are poorly understood. Considered initially as the consequence of abnormal gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, psychosocial factors and brain-gut axis dysfunction, IBS is now acknowledged as a multifactorial disorder. Specific peripheral mechanisms are involved, including mucosal immune activation, increased intestinal permeability, enteroendocrine cell products, an excess of bile acids, gut dysbiosis. A better understanding of these mechanisms could help develop new and specific therapeutic pathways in patients suffering from IBS.
Elastic stable intramedullary nailing for fractures in children – principles, indications, surgical technique
Authors: Vasilescu Dana Elena , Cosma Dan
Published: July 2014

Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) is a minimally invasive technique. According to this technique, two elastic nails are introduced through the metaphysis into the medullary canal, are advanced through the fracture site and impacted into the opposite metaphysis. These nails are preformed in a C-shaped manner, which allows for their precise orientation and the creation of an elastic system that resists deformation.
Description of a systematic pharmaceutical care approach intended to increase the appropriateness of medication use by elderly patients
Authors: Primejdie Daniela Petruta , Mallet Louise , Popa Adina , Bojita Marius Traian
Published: July 2014

Background & Aims. The pharmaceutical care practice represents a model of responsible pharmacist involvement in the pharmacotherapy optimization of various population groups, including the elderly, known to be at risk for drug-related problems. Romanian pharmacists could use validated pharmaceutical care experiences to confirm their role as health-care professionals.This descriptive research presents the application in two real and different environments of practice of a structured pharmaceutical care approach conceived as the basis for a medication review activity and aiming at the identification and resolution of the drug related problems in the elderly.Patients and methods. Two patients with similar degree of disease-burden complexity, receiving care in different health-care environments (The Geriatric Ward of the Royal Victoria Hospital from the McGill University Health Centre in Montréal, Québec, Canada, in November 2010, and an urban nursing-home facility in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in March 2011), were chosen for the analysis. One clinical pharmacist suggested solutions for the management of each of the active drug-related problems identified, using the systematic pharmaceutical care approach and specific published geriatric pharmacotherapy recommendations. The number of the drug-related problems identified and the degree of the care-team acceptance of the pharmacists’ solutions were noted for each patient.Results. The pharmacist found 6 active drug-related problems for the hospitalized patient (72 year-old, Chronic Disease Score 9) and 7 potential ones for the nursing-home resident (79 year-old, Chronic Disease Score 8), involving misuse, underuse and overuse of medications. Each patient had 3 geriatric syndromes at baseline. The therapy changes suggested by the pharmacist were implemented for the hospitalized patient, through collaboration with the health-care team. For the nursing home resident, the pharmacist identified the need for additional 6 medications and safety and efficacy arguments to cease 7 initial therapies, simplifying the therapeutic daily schedule (from 24 daily doses to 15).Conclusion. The pharmacist’s potential contribution to the optimization of the Romanian elderly patients’ pharmacotherapy needs further exploration, as potential drug related problems reported as characteristic for this population were easily identified. The presented structured and validated model of pharmaceutical care approach could be used to this end. Its dissemination and use could be encouraged along with the enhancement of pharmacotherapy information and care team collaboration skills.
The Rehabilitation of Oncological Patients Presenting Neuropathies
Authors: Micu Elena Claudia , Irsay Laszlo
Published: July 2014

The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP 2011) defines neuropathic pain as “the pain caused by an injury or disease of the somatosensory portion of the nervous system”. The central neuropathic pain is defined as “the pain caused by an injury or disease of the central somatosensory central nervous system”, whereas the peripheral neuropathic pain is defined as “the pain caused by an injury or disease of the peripheral somatosensory nervous system”. The peripheral neuropathy describes any affection of the peripheral nervous system. The etiology is vast, there being a number of over 100 possible causes, which causes the global morbidity rate to reach approximately 2.4%. The chronic nature of the pain superposes the everyday routine and leads to the high intake of medication for pain alleviation. The number of cases of neuroplasia has always increased today. This disturbing diagnosis which can potentiate the signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy as well as reduce and limit the treatment options associated with neuropathies. The treatment presupposes a multidisciplinary approach, while the solution to prevent complications involves the control of risk factors and pathophysiological treatment.  Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CPIN) is a significant disabling symptom that is tightly connected to the administration of neurotoxic cytostatic agents used for the treatment of neoplasia. CPIN compromises the quality of life and produces pain or discomfort. I have sought to produce a presentation of the medicated and physical-kinetic treatment options that have proved their effectiveness during clinical studies or random trials and can be applied to cancer patients presenting with symptoms associated with peripheral neuropathy, namely with neuropathic pain, and support it with arguments
MICRORNAS WITH SPECIFIC ROLES IN DIABETES AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES
Authors: Rădoi Valentin , Carsote Mara , Petriș Rodica , Păun Diana , Poiană Cătălina
Published: July 2014

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most cited non communicable diseases and the most common metabolic disorder. Epigenetics represents the field of study of heritable changes in gene expression which are not directly related to DNA. Epigenetics is con- cerned, alongside histone modifications, short interfering RNAs etc., with microRNAs (miRNAs) as well. These are small noncoding RNAs, 21 to 23 nucleotides in length, which either inhibit translation or affect mRNA stability and degradation. At present, there are dozens of miRNAs which have been proven to be involved in the animal and human pathology of diabetes (type 1 or 2). This review focuses on the miRNAs which have been identified as playing a role in both psychiatric diseases and diabetes.
TREATMENT ADHERENCE AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONING IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND TREATED WITH ANTIPSYCHOTIC DEPOT MEDICATION
Authors: Popp Bianca Stephanie , Manea Marinela Minodora , Moraru Mădălina Oana
Published: July 2014

Background and aim. Some of the most significant problems encountered in the treatment of schizophrenia are non-adherence to the treatment with oral neuroleptics and difficult recovery of social functioning, after its impairment by negative psychotic symptoms and the progression of the disease with episodes of remission and relapse. Methods. This study comparatively assesses the parameters ”social functioning” and ”treatment adherence” in 34 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia at the Adult Psychiatry Clinic III and the Adult Mental Health Center of Cluj-Napoca, using the ”Medication Adherence Rating Scale” (MARS) and the ”Social Adaptation Self- evaluation Scale”.Results. The two scales revealed that patients on depot medication tend to have better social functioning and social integration rates than patients for whom oral medication was prescribed. Despite the fact that most patients participating in the study had intellectual preoccupations and, to some extent, enjoyed working, 82% of them did not have a job. The percentage of those who did was higher in the cohort of patients on depot medication (63%) than in the cohort of patients for whom orally administered medication was prescribed (53%).Conclusions. Treatment adherence in patients with schizophrenia is thus significantly improved by depot medication, whereas treatment effectiveness and the frequency of adverse effects are similar for the two treatment options.
SUICIDOLOGY BY DOINA COSMAN
Authors: Rijeka Iva Dugalic
Published: July 2014

Presa Universitara Clujeana, Cluj-Napoca, 2013378 pages, ISBN 978-973-595-601-1
A intricada leitura de literatura - um novo processo socioeducacional de conhecimento
Authors: Tinoco Robson Coelho
Published: July 2014

Frente aos desafios educacionais neoliberais pós-modernos, à escola brasileira – e à prática / ensino de leitura também literária – cumpre-se o objetivo de reconstruir o novo sobre as marcas de uma relação pedagógica professor-aluno rotineiramente desgastada. Nesse ambiente, surgem questões como o que se pretende lendo aleatoriamente textos na escola? Para onde leva essa leitura? Quem somos, quando se lê? Por que nos transformamos nessas cibermáquinas de passividade metodológica? Nossos alunos estão sendo orientados, previamente, a leituras de determinados autores canônicos, e não canônicos, sabendo o motivo de tal leitura aplicada a sua realidade de leitor? E "ler" literatura é algo que se ensine? Pode-se ensinar alguém a ler entendendo a leitura como fonte dupla de informação e prazer? Não há mais como imaginar uma escola periférica, ás margens dos acontecimentos diários e, assim, ou essa nossa nova escola – professores, alunos, agentes administrativos – se adapta produtivamente a essa realidade contemporânea ou estará fadada a perder o rumo da história nacional, regional e mundial. Adaptação produtiva, no sentido de renovar a crítica aos costumes, aos valores, aos preconceitos. Os dados que complementam tais questões teóricas resultam de pesquisa desenvolvida com alunos do ensino médio, de uma escola pública de São Paulo-Brasil, com o objetivo de avaliar, em sala de aula, práticas de uma leitura produtiva com foco no papel do que aqui se considera como leitor-real.
El potencial didáctico del libro-‡lbum para la educaci—n literaria-intercultural
Authors: Fajardo Delia Mar’a
Published: July 2014

En este artículo se argumenta cómo la teoría y metodología de la educación literaria y del libro-álbum brindan una plataforma pedagógica ideal para diseñar propuestas curriculares basadas en la identificación y uso didáctico de elementos intertextuales en la literatura de tradición oral de las culturas en contacto, que sirvan de apoyo a programas de educación intercultural bilingüe. Como ejemplo, se describe de forma muy resumida un modelo creado para el contexto de Honduras, que incluye un análisis sobre las relaciones intertextuales que están presentes en las narraciones de los pueblos indígenas y afrohondureños.
Efeito do número de jogadores sobre a demanda física e respostas fisiológicas durante jogos com campo reduzido em jogadores de futebol sub-15
Authors: Pedro Rafael Evangelista , Machado Fabiana Andrade , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo
Published: July 2014

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o efeito do número de jogadores em jogos com campo reduzido (JCRs) sobre a demanda física e as respostas fisiológicas em jogadores adolescentes de futebol. Para isso, 14 jogadores de uma equipe de nível estadual (idade 14,4 ± 0,5 anos; massa corporal 56,2 ± 7,0 kg; estatura 1,7 ± 0,1 m; IMC 20,3 ± 1,4 kg∙m-2) foram submetidos a dois formatos (3 vs 3 e 7 vs 7) de JCRs. Foram analisadas as repostas de frequência cardíaca (FC), percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) e lactato sanguíneo ([La]), além da demanda física por meio do sistema de posicionamento global (GPS). Embora não tenha havido diferença estatística nas distâncias percorridas em diferentes zonas de velocidade entre os formatos de JCRs, a distância total percorrida, a distância percorrida em alta velocidade, a quantidade de ações em alta intensidade e a quantidade de acelerações > 1 m∙s-2 foram maiores (p < 0,05) no JCR 3 vs 3 (1794 m; 885 m; 69; 87, respectivamente) em relação ao JCR 7 vs 7 (1663 m; 712 m; 57; 68). O percentual da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx), PSE e [La] foram superiores (p < 0,05) no JCR 3 vs 3 quando comparado ao 7 vs 7 (91,3%; 6,1 u.a.; 5,0 mmol∙L-1 vs 85,1%; 5,1 u.a.; 2,1 mmol∙L-1, respectivamente). Os resultados demonstram que a intensidade é maior durante o JCR 3 vs 3 do que no JCR 7 vs 7; além disso, a demanda física é influenciada pelo número de jogadores, com uma maior distância total e distância em alta velocidade, além de maior quantidade de atividades em alta intensidade e acelerações no JCR 3 vs 3.
Por uma reconstrução teórica do futebol a partir do referencial sociológico de Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Souza Juliano de , Almeida Bárbara Schausteck de , Marchi JÚNIOR Wanderley
Published: July 2014

Neste artigo temos por objetivo retomar a teoria sociológica de Pierre Bourdieu no sentido de demonstrar alguns dos aspectos em que ela pode ser útil para estudar o futebol no contexto de globalização do espetáculo esportivo, do qual, inclusive, o Brasil se apresenta atualmente como um dos protagonistas por conta, dentre outras coisas, da realização da Copa do Mundo da FIFA em 2014 no país. Na primeira parte do artigo apresentamos então um esboço do quadro teórico de Bourdieu. Em seguida, exploramos algumas situações práticas referentes ao futebol que são passíveis de serem tratadas pelo prisma de seu referencial. Por fim, e a modo de desfecho, reiteramos aqueles pontos em que seu modelo contribui para avançar no tratamento teórico do futebol, especialmente no Brasil.
Perspectiva ecológica na determinação de percursos desportivos contrastantes em jovens futebolistas
Authors: Domingues Marcio Pinto , Cavichioli Fernando , Gonçalves Carlos Eduardo
Published: July 2014

Pretendeu-se examinar as influências contextuais e sócio-ambientais nas atitudes e comportamentos dos jovens na sua participação desportiva. Participaram 24 jovens jogadores de futebol de um Clube de Orientação Profissional (COP), divididos em quatro escalões dos sub 14 aos sub 17. Participaram em entrevistas de grupo sobre a sua participação desportiva, caracterização do contexto de prática e relações interpessoais. O clima de grupo, entre os pares, foi positivamente referido pelos jovens como importante. A procura de estatuto e reconhecimento, a par da aspiração ao profissionalismo foi referido como importante no trajeto desportivo. Os pais são importantes agentes na participação desportiva e a relação do jovem com o treinador mostrou-se influente no clima motivacional percepcionado pelos jovens. Os resultados determinam importantes ativos a ter em consideração na construção da estrutura de treino em jovens inseridos em clubes profissionais. A participação desportiva dos jovens atletas precisa ter em consideração o contexto de prática de forma a promover um desenvolvimento positivo.
Formação de jogadores profissionais de voleibol: relações entre atletas de elite e a especialização precoce
Authors: Marques Renato Francisco Rodrigues , Lima Celiane Pereira , Moraes Camila de , Nunomura Myrian , Simões Elaine Cristina
Published: July 2014

Embora a literatura aponte malefícios da especialização esportiva precoce, sua aplicação permanece recorrente, embasada na crença que quanto mais cedo os treinos e a participação em competições se iniciarem, maiores serão as chances de sucesso no alto rendimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como ocorreu o processo de formação esportiva de 52 jogadores profissionais de voleibol masculino, atuantes no Campeonato Paulista e Superliga Nacional. O foco foi analisar a possível ocorrência de especialização precoce e de vivências esportivas diversificadas. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário por escrito e apresentados com estatística descritiva. Os resultados apontam que a maioria dos atletas não foi especializada precocemente e vivenciou práticas diversificadas durante sua formação, em diferentes modalidades esportivas. Os dados sinalizam para a tese que quando os treinamentos com foco nos resultados competitivos se iniciam após ou durante a puberdade há maiores chances de sucesso esportivo em comparação à especialização esportiva precoce.
Evaluation of different culture media and enrichment in orange juice upon the growth of Alicyclobacillus spp.
Authors: Anjos Márcia Maria , Ruiz Suelen Pereira , Abreu Filho Benício Alves
Published: July 2014

Bacteria of the genus Alicyiclobacillus spp. form spores and develop in acid media, leading to the spoilage of citrus juices. Brazil is the largest exporter of orange juice concentrate, and yet, it has been extensively studied due to changes in taste and smell. Several investigations have reported different culture media used to detect and enumerate Alicyiclobacillus spp. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the recovery of Alicyiclobacillus spp. spores grown in ALI, BAT, K agar and YSG media using the methodology suggested by ABECitrus. Five inocula were used, two from reference strains and three from pasteurized concentrated orange juice. Cell recovery after the enrichment in reconstituted orange juice was also analyzed. An initial population of 6 log CFU/mL was inoculated. ALI, BAT and YSG media were able to recover the initial population of all different inocula, with no significant differences between the results. When compared to BAT, however, the preparation of ALI and YSG media was simpler and had more advantages. The recovery with K agar medium was lower than the other media for all the tested inocula, with significant differences found for Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius 0298T (3.66 log CFU/mL) and Alicyclobacillus pomorum-like CBMAI 0278 (4.11 log CFU/mL).
Ação sistêmica e translaminar do óleo de nim visando ao controle de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep.: Gelechiidae) em tomateiro
Authors: Coelho Junior Aloisio , Deschamps Francisco Carlos
Published: July 2014

A traça Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) é o inseto-praga que mais compromete a produção do tomateiro. Basear o seu controle no uso de inseticidas sintéticos pode comprometer a cultura em termos econômicos e ambientais. Como alternativa de controle, o óleo de nim foi aplicado em folhas de tomateiro, avaliando os efeitos inseticida e antialimentar por ação sistêmica e translaminar. No ensaio para avaliar a ação translaminar, o óleo diluído em água foi aplicado na superfície adaxial dos folíolos, em concentrações de 0,5, 1, 5 e 10%. A mortalidade observada variou entre 49 e 100%, e o tamanho médio das minas, entre 1,62 e 0,34 cm. Nos tratamentos representados por água e água + emulsificante (5%), a mortalidade não ultrapassou 20%, com tamanho médio das minas de 1,63 cm. O estudo da ação sistêmica foi realizado ao aplicar o óleo de nim na superfície adaxial e abaxial de todas as folhas das plantas, à exceção daquelas em que as lagartas foram infestadas. Neste ensaio, o óleo foi aplicado nas concentrações de 1, 2,5 e 5%, diluídos em água e emulsificante. Observou-se que a mortalidade foi maior que 90% quando o óleo foi aplicado nas concentrações de 2,5 e 5%, sendo o tamanho médio das minas inferior a 1,0 cm. Não ocorreu mortalidade nos tratamentos controle, mas o tamanho das minas foi, em média, de 1,96 cm. Desta maneira ficou evidenciado que o óleo de nim apresenta efeito inseticida e antialimentar sobre lagartas de T. absoluta, com a propriedade de ser incorporado e translocado através das folhas de tomateiro.
Patogenicidade de isolados de fungos entomopatogênicos à Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Thomazoni Dhyego , Formentini Marina Andressa , Alves Luis Francisco Angeli
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a patogenicidade, em condições de laboratório, de 49 isolados dos fungos entomopatogênicos das espécies Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae, contra lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda. Lagartas de 3o ínstar foram imersas em suspensões de 1 × 109 conídios/mL de cada um dos isolados por 10 segundos. Posteriormente, foram individualizadas em placas de Petri com dieta artificial, sendo incubadas a 26 ± 1°C e 12 horas de fotofase, e avaliadas, diariamente, durante dez dias. Os isolados de B. bassiana mostraram-se mais eficientes, com destaque para o Unioeste 26, que provocou 44,5% de mortalidade e gerou a maior quantidade de conídios nos testes de produção do fungo. Apesar da porcentagem de mortalidade baixa, tais estudos evidenciam potencial dos fungos entomopatogênicos como promissores agentes de controle de S. frugiperda.
HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND t(11;18)(q21;q21) TRANSLOCATION IN GASTRIC MALT LYMPHOMA
Authors: LIMA Karine Sampaio , ALBUQUERQUE Walton , ARANTES Vitor Nunes , DRUMMOND-LAGE Ana Paula , COELHO Luiz Gonzaga Vaz
Published: July 2014

ContextGastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is clearly associated with Helicobacter pylori gastritis and can be cured with anti- H pylori therapy alone. The presence of t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation is thought to predict a lower response rate to anti- H pylori treatment.ObjectivesTo study the presence of t(11;18)(q21;q21) genetic translocation and its clinical impact in low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma Brazilian patients.MethodsA consecutive series of eight patients with gastric MALT lymphoma were submitted to gastroscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, histopathological examination, H pylori search and RT-PCR-based methodology. All patients received anti-H pylori treatment. Eradicated patients were followed-up every 3-6 months for 2 years.ResultsEight patients were studied. All patients had tumor involvement restricted to the mucosa or submucosa and seven patients had low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. All infected patients achieved H pylori eradication. Histological tumor regression was observed in 5/7 (71%) of the low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma patients. The presence of t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation was found in 4 (57%) of these patients; among them only two had histological tumor regression following H pylori eradication.ConclusionsRT-PCR is a feasible and efficient method to detect t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation, being carried out in routine molecular biology laboratories. The early detection of such translocation can be very helpful for better targeting the therapy to be applied to gastric MALT lymphoma patients.
T300A GENETIC POLYMORPHISM: a susceptibility factor for Crohn’s disease?
Authors: SCOLARO Bruno Lorenzo , SANTOS Emily dos , FERREIRA Leslie Ecker , FRANÇA Paulo Henrique Condeixa de , KLEINUBING Harry , KOTZE Paulo Gustavo , PINHO Mauro de Souza Leite
Published: July 2014

ContextCrohn’s disease is characterized by a chronic and debilitating inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Several factors may contribute to its development. From extensive studies of the human genome, the polymorphism T300A of the gene ATG16L1 (autophagy-related 16-like 1) has been related to increased risk of developing this disease.ObjectivesAnalyze the role of polymorphism T300A (rs2241880) in patients with Crohn’s disease.Methods238 samples from (control group) and 106 samples from patients with Crohn’s disease recruited at five Southern Brazilian reference centers were evaluated. The genotyping consisted of the amplification via Polymerase Chain Reaction of the genomic segment encompassing T300A, followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis. The amplicons and fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed under ultraviolet light.ResultsThe genotype AG was more prevalent among patients and controls (50% vs 44.8%), followed by genotypes AA (26.4% vs 35.1%) and GG (23.6% vs 20.1%). The frequency of the allele G of the polymorphism T300A was higher in the group of patients with Crohn’s disease (48.6%) than in controls (42.4%), although not reaching statistical significance.ConclusionsIt was not possible to confirm the increased susceptibility on development of Crohn’s disease conferred by polymorphism T300A.
LOWER BIFIDOBACTERIA COUNTS IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH CELIAC DISEASE ON A GLUTEN-FREE DIET
Authors: GOLFETTO Lisléia , SENNA Fernanda Duarte de , HERMES Julia , BESERRA Bruna Teles Soares , FRANÇA Franciane da Silva , MARTINELLO Flávia
Published: July 2014

ContextThe ingestion of gluten is responsible for the symptoms of Celiac disease, but other environmental factors can also influence. Strains of theBifidobacterium genus have been shown to afford protection against the inflammatory response and mucosal damage caused by gliadin peptides in vitro.ObjectivesThis study was designed to compare the concentration of fecal bifidobacteria and pH of patients with celiac disease on gluten-free diet and control subjects in order to identify if the imbalance on fecal microbiota still remain during the treatment of celiac disease and identify the necessity of dietary supplementation with pre- or probiotics.MethodsIt was analyzed the feces of 42 healthy subjects and 14 celiac patients. The bifidobacteria count in feces was done in selective medium BIM-25. Microscopic analysis of the colonies was performed by Gram stain. The identification of the genus Bifidobacterium was performed by determination of fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase. Fecal pH was measured using a pH meter.ResultsThe concentration of bifidobacteria per gram of feces was significantly higher in healthy subjects (controls) (1.5 ± 0.63 x108 CFU/g) when compared to celiac patients (2.5 ± 1.5 x107 CFU/g). The fecal pH was not different between celiac patients (7.19 ± 0.521) and controls (7.18 ± 0.522).ConclusionsThese results suggest that with lower levels of bifidobacteria, celiac patients have an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota, regardless of pH, even while on a gluten-free diet. This fact could favor the pathological process of the disorder.
ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF PEPTIC ULCER: back to the past?
Authors: ARAÚJO Mariana Barbosa , BORINI Paulo , GUIMARÃES Romeu Cardoso
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo review some aspects of the etiopathogenesis of peptic ulcerous disease especially on the basis of studies on its correlation withHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori).MethodsA search was made in the data bases MEDLINE, LILACS and PubMed, and in Brazilian and foreign books, referring to the incidence and prevalence of infection by H. pylori and of peptic ulcerous disease in various populations of different countries.ResultsIt was observed that the prevalence of H. pyloriinfection is similar in individuals with peptic ulcerous disease and the general population. There are differences between countries with respect to the prevalence of infection and of gastric or duodenal peptic ulcers. In many countries the prevalence of infection by H. pylorishows stability while the prevalence of peptic ulcerous disease is declining. The prevalence of peptic ulcerous disease without H. pylori infection varies between 20% and 56% in occidental countries.DiscussionThe observations might be suggestive of H. pyloribeing only one more factor to be summed together with other aggressive components in the genesis of peptic ulcerous disease. We would therewith be returning to the classic concept that peptic gastric and duodenal ulcers have multifactorial etiology and would result from imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors. The focus of studies should be enriched with the identification of the defensive factors and of other aggressive factors besides the well known H. pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, since these two aggressors do not exhaust the full causal spectrum.
Nutritional assessment and hand grip strength of candidates for surgery of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: SILVEIRA Thalita Morgana Guimarães , SOUSA Juliana Barbosa de , STRINGHINI Maria Luiza Ferreira , FREITAS Ana Tereza Vaz de Souza , MELO Paulla Guimarães
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND: The assessment of nutritional status in clinical practice must be done with simple, reliable, low cost and easy performance methods. The power of handshake is recognized as a useful tool to evaluate muscle strength, and therefore, it is suggested that can detect malnutrition. AIM: To evaluate the nutritional status by subjective global assessment and power of handshake preoperatively in patients going to gastrointestinal surgeries and to compare the diagnosis obtained by subjective global assessment with traditional anthropometric methods and power of handshake. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients for surgery in the gastrointestinal tract and related organs. Socioeconomic and anthropometric data, applied to subjective global assessment and checked the power of handshake, were collected. The force was obtained by the average of three measurements of the dominant and non-dominant hand and thus compared with reference values of the population by sex and age, for the classification of nutritional risk. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 40 patients, 24-83 years, and most women (52.5%) housewives (37,5%) and diagnosed with cancer (45%). According to subjective global assessment, 37.5% were classified as moderately malnourished; 15% were underweight by BMI measurements; 25% had arm circumference at risk for malnutrition (<percentil 5); 60% reported recent weight loss; and 37.5% low clamping force in power of handshake on non-dominant hand (left). CONCLUSION: A significant association was observed for the diagnosis of nutritional subjective assessment with anthropometric methods and strength of the handshake only at the non-dominant limb.
The association between preoperative chemotherapy and the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in hepatectomy for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: KALIL Antonio Nocchi , CORAL Gabriela Perdomo , SANTOS Félix Antônio Insaurriaga dos , GONZALEZ Maria Cristina , NEUTZLING Cristiane Becker
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND: Some studies have suggested that preoperative chemotherapy for hepatic colorectal metastases may cause hepatic injury and increase perioperative morbidity and mortality. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in patients undergoing preoperative chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. METHODS: Observational retrospective cohort study in which 166 patients underwent 185 hepatectomies for metastatic colorectal cancer with or without associated preoperative chemotherapy from 2004 to 2011. The data were obtained from a review of the medical records and an analysis of the anatomopathological report on the non-tumor portion of the surgical specimen. The study sample was divided into two groups: those who were exposed and those who were unexposed to chemotherapy. RESULTS: From the hepatectomies, 136 cases (73.5%) underwent preoperative chemotherapy, with most (62.5%) using a regimen of 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin. A 40% greater risk of cell damage was detected in 62% of the exposed group. The predominant histological pattern of the cell damage was steatosis, which was detected in 51% of the exposed cases. Exposure to chemotherapy increased the risk of steatosis by 2.2 fold. However, when the risk factors were controlled, only the presence of risk of hepatopathy was associated with steatosis, with a relative risk of 4 (2.7-5.9). CONCLUSION: Patients exposed to chemotherapy have 2.2 times the risk of developing hepatic steatosis, and its occurrence is associated with the presence of predisposing factors such as diabetes mellitus and hepatopathy.
Ecologists, educators, and writers collaborate with the public to assess backyard diversity in The School of Ants Project
Authors: Lucky Andrea , Savage Amy M. , Nichols Lauren M. , Castracani Cristina , Shell Leonora , Grasso Donato A. , Mori Alessandra , Dunn Robert R.
Published: July 2014

Citizen science can generate data that would not exist otherwise while increasing public scientific literacy. However, the quality and use of citizen science data have been criticized in the recent ecological literature. We need an approach that advances eco‐evolutionary understanding, achieves education goals and incorporates public participation into as many aspects of the scientific process as possible. We collaborated with public participants to make new discoveries about the distribution and ecology of ants while informing the next studies that participants and scientists might perform together. We implemented the School of Ants (SoA) program in which participants sample ants that are identified by taxonomic experts. Using a comprehensive framework that meets the needs of multiple agents, we also developed outreach materials about ant biology, collaborated with educators to incorporate SoA into classroom science, and launched an international SoA module in Italy. In the first 17 months, SoA volunteers collected ants at 500 unique sites across the USA‐including all 50 states and Washington, D.C. To address concerns about the validity of citizen scientist‐derived data, we conducted a ground truthing trial that confirmed that trained and untrained volunteers were equally effective at collecting ants. Data from SoA samples indicate that ant diversity varies across wide geographic scales and that there can be high levels of native ant diversity where people live. SoA volunteers collected 7 exotic and 107 native ant species. Although exotic ants were common, ants native to North America occurred in ∼70% of all sites. Many of the ants common in backyards were species that tend to be very poorly studied. For example, citizen scientists documented a range extension of more than 2000 miles for the Asian Needle Ant, Pachycondyla chinensis. Using SoA data as a starting point, we collaborated with a science writer to produce a free, interactive iBook about the common ants in North America; the book included distribution maps such as that for P. chinensis informed by participant collections. Moving forward, we plan to leverage this existing framework to address more complex ecological and evolutionary questions in partnership with our public participants.
Conservation of the Low-shear Modeled Microgravity Response in Enterobacteriaceae and Analysis of the trp Genes in this Response
Authors: Soni Anjali , O’Sullivan Laura , Quick Laura N , Ott C. Mark , Nickerson Cheryl A , Wilson James W
Published: July 2014

Low fluid shear force, including that encountered in microgravity models, induces bacterial responses, but the range of bacteria capable of responding to this signal remains poorly characterized. We systematically analyzed a range of Gram negative Enterobacteriaceae for conservation of the low-shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG) response using phenotypic assays, qPCR, and targeted mutations. Our results indicate LSMMG response conservation across Enterobacteriacae with potential variance in up- or down-regulation of a given response depending on genus. Based on the data, we analyzed the role of thetrpoperon genes and the TrpR regulator in the LSMMG response using targeted mutations in these genes inS.Typhimurium andE. coli. We found no alteration of the LSMMG response compared to WT in these mutant strains under the conditions tested here. To our knowledge, this study is first-of-kind forCitrobacter, Enterobacter, andSerratia,presents novel data forEscherichia, and provides the first analysis oftrpgenes in LSMMG responses. This impacts our understanding of how LSMMG affects bacteria and our ability to modify bacteria with this condition in the future.
A Strategy for the Prediction of the Response of Hysteretic Systems: A Base for Capacity Assessment of Buildings under Seismic Load
Authors: Cavaleri Liborio , Trapani Fabio D. , Macaluso Giuseppe , Scaduto Gaia
Published: July 2014

A statistical non linearization method is used to approximate systems modeled by the Bouc differential equation
and excited by a Gaussian white noise external load. To this aim restricted potential models (RPM) are used, which
are suitable for an extended number of nonlinear problems as have been proved several times. Since the solution of RPM
is known by the probabilistic point of view, all statistical characteristics can be derived at once with advantages by the
computational point of view. Hence, this paper discusses the possibility to determine sets of parameters characterizing potential
models that are valid for describing a hysteretic behavior. In this way the characterization of the hysteretic behavior
of a system can be performed with computational efforts lower than that normally requested.
Dietary influence on fatty acid characteristics of lamb carcass in relation to protein source
Authors: Yossifov M.R.
Published: July 2014

The aims of our study were to evaluate the effect of different protein
supplements on fatty acid (FA) composition (%), profile (ratios and
indices), etc. of carcass in lambs fed iso-caloric, iso-nitrogenous and
equal in PDI and Ca: P ratio high-concentrate rations. Regional breed
(Bulgarian Synthetic Dairy Population) lambs were fed cereal-based diets
with different protein supplement - control diet with sunflower meal (SFM)
or a DDGSc diet containing dried distillers? corn grains with solubles
(DDGSc). Animals were slaughtered after 87-d feedlot period. Fat tissue
extracted from carcass was analyzed for FA profile. There were significantly
higher (p< 0.01) performance (FBW= 38.90 vs. 35.1 kg and HCW= 5.24 vs. 4.67
kg) of DDGSc diet on lamb performance. Feeding 37.6 % (DM basis) DDGSc
significantly increased the content of C18:2 (p< 0.05) but decreased n3 PUFA
and total long chain n3 FA (p< 0.05) compared with control group. DDGSc
increased n6 (p= 0.06), PUFA (p= 0.07) and PUFA / SFA ratio (p= 0.10), but
decreased MUFA (p= 0.10). Examined relationships between ingested FA and
carcass FA in slaughtered lambs shows good parity and are characterized with
significant Pearson?s correlation coefficients (R> 0.56). In regards to
obtained results, dietary DDGS inclusion altered the fatty acid profile and
indices of lipids of lamb carcass.
Chemical composition and biological protein value of milk of Tsigai sheep and their F2 cross-breeds of Chios
Authors: Gerchev G. , Iliev T. , Slavkova S. , Mihaylova G.
Published: July 2014

The composition of milk was studied from purebred Tsigai sheep and F2
cross-breeds with Chios breed from 4th to 6th month of lactation, raised on a
mountain pasture. The chemical analysis samples were taken from each sheep in
the period of April-June. The content of fat, protein and amino acids was
determined in individual samples and total sample formed by the milk yield
from all animals, proportional to the daily milk yield from each individual.
There is a tendency for higher milk yield and content of total protein and
casein in milk of F2 cross-breeds of Chios in comparison with Tsigai sheep.
Milk sheep from F2 crossbreeds of Chios had higher content of Lysine, as well
as glutamic acid, methionine and leucine, in comparison to that form Tsigai
sheep, respectively: 0.458?0.011. 1.389?0.040. 0.084?0.005 and 0.572?0.013.
The milk chemical index in both groups of sheep was comparatively low and it
constituted respectively 38.3% in Tsigai sheep and 35.4% in F2 cross-breeds,
as a result of low concentrations of methionine and cysteine in milk.
Biological value of milk obtained from Tsigai breed sheep and F2 milk
cross-breeds of Chios had close values - respectively 92.01 and 91.87%.
Results showed that the sward composition and the vegetation stage had an
influence over the essential amino acids content in purebred Tsigai sheep and
their cross-breeds with Chios breed.
Estimation of genetic parameters and comparison of random regression animal and sire models of production traits in the first three lactations of Iranian Holsteins
Authors: Mohammadi A. , Alijani S.
Published: July 2014

This study was conducted to compare of random regression (RR) animal and sire
models for estimation of the genetic parameters for production traits of
Iranian Holstein dairy cows. For this purpose, the test day records were used
belonged to first three lactations of cows and for, milk, fat and protein
yields traits where, collected from 2003 to 2010, by the national breeding
center of Iran. The genetic parameters were estimated using restricted
maximum likelihood algorithm. To compare the model, different criterion
-2logL value, AIC, BIC and RV were used for considered traits. Residual
variances were considered homogeneous over the lactation period. Obtained
results showed that additive genetic variance was highest in the beginning
and end lactation and permanent environmental variance was highest in
beginning of lactation than other lactation period. Heritabilities estimate
for milk, fat and protein yields by RR animal and sire models were found to
be lowest during early lactation (0.05, 0.04 and 0.07; 0.05, 0.19 and 0.13;
0.14, 0.19 and 0.15, for milk, fat and protein yields and in first, second
and third lactation respectively). However, estimated heritabilities during
lactation did not vary among different order Legendre polynomials, and also
between RR animal and sire models. The variation in genetic correlations
estimate in the RR animal and sire models was larger in the first lactation
than in the second and third lactations. Thus, based on the results obtained,
it can be inferred that the RR animal model is better for modeling yield
traits in Iranian Holsteins.