bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malentendidos sobre el efecto de la legalización del aborto
Authors: Faundes Anibal
Published: February 2016

Las leyes sobre aborto son liberales en la mayor parte de los países desarrollados y muy restrictivas en países en desarrollo, particularmente América Latina, con dos excepciones. Organismos internacionales de Salud y Derechos Humanos promueven un mayor acceso al aborto seguro por su efecto inmediato de reducción de morbilidad y mortalidad materna. A pesar de eso las leyes permanecen muy restrictivas en la mayor parte de los países de América Latina, donde prevalece el concepto errado de que liberalizar la ley va a llevar a un aumento en el número de abortos, lo que casi todos prefieren evitar. Ese es un importante malentendido, porque las evidencias son que no hay menos aborto donde las leyes son restrictivas y no aumentan los abortos cuando las leyes se hacen más liberales. Así mismo, se cree que la mayor parte de la población está contra liberalizar la ley, pero preguntando mejor se descubre que la mayor parte está contra castigar a la mujer que aborta. Pero, el principal malentendido es creer que hay personas ‘a favor del aborto’, en circunstancia que ni siquiera a la mujer que se provoca el aborto le gusta abortar. La diferencia está en pensar que prohibiendo se soluciona el problema, o aceptar las evidencias que muestran que aumentando el acceso al aborto seguro no solo reduce el sufrimiento y la muerte, sino contribuye a reducir los abortos.
In Memoriam. Emilio Marticorena y Carlos Battilana: un recuerdo de valiosos miembros del Comité Editorial de Anales
Authors: Pacheco Romero José , Castillo Sayán Oscar Alejandro
Published: February 2016

Dr. Emilio Pimentel Achilles Marticorena (1928-2007) was born 20 May 1928, in Villa de Arma in the province of Castrovirreyna, located 3700 m.s.n.m. His studies the school held at the Salesian College Huancayo and Alfonso College Ugarte in Lima. I study medicine at the National University San Marcos (San Marcos), obtaining Bachelor's degree in 1955 with the thesis entitled "Probable influence of great heights in determining the ductus arteriosus: Observations in 3000 school high "and subsequently received the title of Surgeon. He made graduate studies in the US. UU., cardiology at the University of Stanford (1961-1963), University Pennsylvania (1963 and 1964) and Center Presbyterian Medical in San Francisco, 1968; and later in the Institute Cardiology of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 1974.
Dietary Fiber Intake in Young Adults and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Farvid Maryam S. , Eliassen A. Heather , Cho Eunyoung , Liao Xiaomei , Chen Wendy Y. , Willett Walter C.
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE:

We evaluated fiber intake during adolescence and early adulthood in relation to breast cancer (BC) risk in the Nurses’ Health Study II.

METHODS:

Among 90 534 premenopausal women who completed a dietary questionnaire in 1991, we documented 2833 invasive BC cases during 20 years of follow-up. In 1998, 44 263 of these women also completed a questionnaire about their diet during high school; among these women, we documented 1118 cases of BC by end of follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC across categories of dietary fiber.

RESULTS:

Among all women, early adulthood total dietary fiber intake was associated with significantly lower BC risk (RR for highest versus lowest quintile 0.81; 95% CI 0.72–0.91; Ptrend = .002). Higher intakes of soluble fiber (RR for highest versus lowest quintile 0.86; 95% CI 0.77–0.97; Ptrend = .02) and insoluble fiber (RR for highest versus lowest quintile 0.80; 95% CI 0.71–0.90; Ptrend < .001) were each associated with lower BC risk. Total dietary fiber intake in adolescence was also associated with lower BC risk (RR for highest versus lowest quintile 0.84; 95% CI 0.70–1.01; Ptrend = .04). For the average of fiber intake during adolescence and early adult life, the RR comparing highest with lowest quintiles was 0.75 (95% CI 0.62–0.91, Ptrend = .004).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings support the hypothesis that higher fiber intakes reduce BC risk and suggest that intake during adolescence and early adulthood may be particularly important.
Vaccination and 30-Day Mortality Risk in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
Authors: McCarthy Natalie L. , Gee Julianne , Sukumaran Lakshmi , Weintraub Eric , Duffy Jonathan , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Baxter Roger , Irving Stephanie , King Jennifer , Daley Matthew F. , Hechter Rulin , McNeil Michael M.
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE:

This study evaluates the potential association of vaccination and death in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD).

METHODS:

The study cohort included individuals ages 9 to 26 years with deaths between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011. We implemented a case-centered method to estimate a relative risk (RR) for death in days 0 to 30 after vaccination.Deaths due to external causes (accidents, homicides, and suicides) were excluded from the primary analysis. In a secondary analysis, we included all deaths regardless of cause. A team of physicians reviewed available medical records and coroner’s reports to confirm cause of death and assess the causal relationship between death and vaccination.

RESULTS:

Of the 1100 deaths identified during the study period, 76 (7%) occurred 0 to 30 days after vaccination. The relative risks for deaths after any vaccination and influenza vaccination were significantly lower for deaths due to nonexternal causes (RR 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.83, and RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.80, respectively) and deaths due to all causes (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.91, and RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.28–0.65). No other individual vaccines were significantly associated with death. Among deaths reviewed, 1 cause of death was unknown, 25 deaths were due to nonexternal causes, and 34 deaths were due to external causes. The causality assessment found no evidence of a causal association between vaccination and death.

CONCLUSIONS:

Risk of death was not increased during the 30 days after vaccination, and no deaths were found to be causally associated with vaccination.
Polinización de orquídeas en Guatemala: los polinizadores, el estado natural de sus poblaciones y las implicaciones para las especies polinizadas
Authors: Dix Margaret A. , Dix Michael W.
Published: February 2016

Se ha logrado identificar por observación directa a los polinizadores de 118 especies de orquídeas, que representan el 16% de los 734 taxa confirmados en Guatemala. Respecto a otras 233 especies (32%), la literatura nos permite sugerir las categorías represen- tadas por los polinizadores.
Effects of flower age on pollination success in Lepanthes sanguinea
Authors: Guevara Ramos Edwin , Agosto Pedroza María M. , Tremblay Raymond L.
Published: February 2016

The effect of flower age on pollination has been shown to be important in promoting cross pollination when the sexual expression of flowers is age depen- dent (Ackerman 1975, Singer & Koehler 2002). 
Catálogo preliminar de las Orchidaceae de la Zona Protectora Cerros de la Carpintera, Costa Rica
Authors: Ossenbach Carlos , Ossenbach Mario , Pupulin Franco
Published: February 2016

l gran botánico norteamericano Paul C. Standley visitó nuestro país en dos ocasiones, en los veranos de 1923-24 y 1925-26, durante las cuales realizó el trabajo preliminar que conduciría, en 1937, a la publicación de su Flora of Costa Rica, primera flora de nuestro país en el siglo XX, si exceptuamos el trabajo inconcluso de Pittier en su Primitiae Florae Costaricensis. 
Orchids at Writhlington School, Orchid conservation in the Community
Authors: Pugh-Jones Simon
Published: February 2016

This lecture will outline my work with orchids at Writhlington School and the range of outcomes that make this the special project it has become. I will then focus on current ex-situ conservation projects and identify lessons for community based orchid con- servation. Expect a rapid journey through science, conservation and young peoples achievement. 
Seed characteristics and asymbiotic germination of Galeandra batemanii Rolfe and G. greenwoodiana Warford
Authors: Light Marilyn H. S. , MacConaill Michael
Published: February 2016

The genus Galeandra Lindl. is a member of subtribe Cyrtopodiinae (Dressler 1993). It is represented in the Americas, from Florida through Mexico and Central America and as far south as Argentina. In Mexico, suitable habitat of Galeandra batemanii Rolfe and of Galeandra greenwoodiana Warford is sparse, patchy and widely separated with sites 300 km or more apart (Warford 1994). Galeandra batemanii has been report- ed to be occasionally lithophytic (Pollard 1974). 
Nuevas perspectivas de investigación en la familia Orchidaceae en Costa Rica
Authors: Valverde Arias Rafael Ángel , Quesada Chanto Adolfo
Published: February 2016

rras, tuvieron contacto directo con las bellas orquídeas que engalanaban las extensas selvas. Muestra de esto es la representación de algunas especies del género Oncidium en las denominadas “águilas de oro”. Probablemente hicieron uso de algu- nas de ellas en el campo de la medicina. 
Tillandsia guatemalensis (Bromeliaceae), un registro nuevo en la flora de Costa Rica
Authors: Morales J. Francisco , Alfaro Evelio
Published: February 2016

Tillandsia guatemalensis, se registra por primera vez en Costa Rica. Se discuten sus relaciones con especies afines y se incluye una clave dicotómica para distinguirlas. 
Dos nuevas especies de Croton (Euphorbiaceae) en el Neotrópico
Authors: González Ramírez José , Poveda Álvarez Luis
Published: February 2016

 Se describen e ilustran dos nuevas especies de Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) restringidas a Costa Rica: Croton corinthius, de las tierras bajas de la vertiente Caribe, y Croton megistocarpus, de las tierras medias en ambas vertientes de las principales cordilleras. La primera se distingue por la presencia de glán- dulas pedunculadas cerca de las axilas de los nervios secundarios de las hojas. La segunda se compara con C. pachypodus Webster, de Panamá y Colombia. 
Una segunda especie de Krugiodendron (Rhamnaceae) en el Neotrópico
Authors: González Ramírez José , Poveda Álvarez Luis
Published: February 2016

Se describe e ilustra Krugiodendron acuminatum, la segunda especie de un género previamente monoespecifico, con base en material de Costa Rica y México. Esta nueva especie se destingue inmediata- mente de K. ferreum (Vahl) Urb. por la diferencia en el ápice de la lámina foliar; en la primera (como está implicito en el epíteto) el ápice es acuminado, mientras que en la segunda es consistentemente emarginado. 
Estudio morfológico de Smilax L. (Smilacaceae) en Costa Rica, con implicaciones sistemáticas
Authors: Ferrufino Acosta Lilian , Gómez-Laurito Jorge
Published: February 2016

Se realizó una revisión morfológica de las especies de Smilax de Costa Rica. Tradicionalmente se han aceptado hasta 14 especies. En este trabajo se reconocen 7: Smilax domingensis, S. mollis, S. panamensis, S. spinosa, S. spissa, S. subpubescens y S. vanilliodora. Los siguientes nombres se tratan como sinónimos: Smilax engleriana y S. kunthii de S. domingensis; S. hirsutior, S. angustiflora y S. candelariae de S. mollis, y S. chiriquensis y S. regelii var. albida de S. vanilliodora. Smilax regelii se excluye como taxon válido y se designa un lectotipo de S. gymnopoda. Se elaboraron claves dicotómicas con características vegetativas y reproductivas (flores y frutos), con base en observaciones de campo y especímenes de herbario. En todas las especies se incluyeron diversos caracteres importantes para la identificación, como el rizoma, el tallo, el tamaño de los tépalos y la variación del color de las bayas a lo largo del desarrollo. 
Notas sobre ecología y distribución del género Lepanthes (Orchidaceae) en Cuba, con una lista actualizada y revisada
Authors: Llamacho Olmo Juan A.
Published: February 2016

Se ofrecen notas sobre la ecología y la distribución del género Lepanthes en Cuba, con una lista de las especies registradas en la isla y de los herbarios donde se encuentran depositados los tipos. 
Validation of the species of Septobasidium (Basidiomycetes) described by John N. Couch
Authors: Gómez Luis D. , Henk Daniel A.
Published: February 2016

Aquí se validan póstumamente los nombres de especies y variedades nuevas descritas por J.N. Couch en su monografía de Septobasidium (1938); se incluyen los propuestos antes por otros autores, que no eran válidos por faltar una descripción latina. Se proveen traducciones al latín de las descripciones ingle- sas de Couch y se designan holotipos, algunos isotipos y paratipos, un neotipo y un isoneotipo. 
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles: Effect of Hydroxide Ion Concentration
Authors: López Israel , Gómez Idalia
Published: February 2016

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized by a microwave-assisted route in aqueous dispersion. The cadmium sulfide nanoparticles showed an average diameter around 5 nm and a cubic phase corresponding to hawleyite. The aqueous dispersions of the nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, luminescence analysis, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The addition of sodium hydroxide solutions at different concentrations causes a red-shift in the wavelength of the first excitonic absorption peak of the cadmium sulfide nanoparticles, indicating a reduction of the band gap energy. Besides, the intensity of the luminescence of the nanoparticle dispersions was increased. However, there is a threshold concentration of the hydroxide ion above which the precipitation of the cadmium sulfide nanoparticles occurs.
Cluster-Crosslinked Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymers: Influence of the Cluster Type on the Materials Properties
Authors: Gross Silvia , Noto Vito Di , Kickelbick Guido , Schubert Ulrich
Published: February 2016

Methacrylate-substituted tetranuclear tantalum, zirconium and titanium oxide clusters (Zr4O2(OMc)12, Ti4O2(OPri)6(OMc)6, and Ta4O4(OEt)8(OMc)4) were prepared by reaction of the alkoxides with methacrylic acid. The clusters were then polymerized with methyl methacrylate as co-monomers in different molar ratios (0.5–2 mol% of the functionalized cluster). In the resulting inorganic-organic hybrid polymers, the clusters crosslink the polymer chains very efficiently. The physical properties and structural features of the hybrid polymers, investigated by their swelling behavior, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 13C MAS NMR and impedance spectroscopy, exhibit a clear dependence on the cluster portion in the polymer and on the cluster type.
Rolle der Roten Vogelmilbe (Dermanyssus gallinae) bei der Übertragung von aviärem Influenza-A-Virus
Authors: Sommer D. , Heffels-Redmann U. , Köhler K. , Lierz M. , Kaleta E. F.
Published: February 2016

Ziel dieser Studie war, die Rolle der Roten Vogelmilbe (Dermanyssus [D.] gallinae) bei der horizontalen Übertragung von aviärem Influenza-A-Virus (AIV) zu untersuchen. Diese Milbe stellt weltweit den häufigsten Ektoparasiten beim Geflügel dar und könnte Bedeutung bei der Übertragung von Pathogenen inklusive AIV haben. Aktuell ist eine Bekämpfung der Milben schwierig, da sie Resistenzen gegen viele Akarizide entwickeln, nachtaktiv sind und für Monate ohne Blutaufnahme versteckt überdauern können. Material und Methoden: Die in einem Legehennenbetrieb gesammelten Milben wurden in selbst gebaute Boxen gesetzt. SPF-Hühner wurden intravenös mit dem AIV-Stamm A/turkey/Ontario/ 7732/1966 (H5N9) infiziert und die Virämie verfolgt. Zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt wurden ca. 1000 Milben zu den infizierten Hühnern gesetzt, um dort Blut aufzunehmen. Die Virus-Reisolierung wurde über 14 Tage täglich mittels Hühnerembryofibroblasten-Kulturen und embryonierten Hühnereiern versucht. Um festzustellen, ob virushaltige Milben das Virus übertragen, wurden sie in Boxen zu SPF-Hühnern gesetzt. Die mögliche Infektion der Hühner wurde durch klinisches Monitoring, Serologie, Sektionen, Histologie und Immunhistochemie überprüft. Ergeb - nisse: AIV-infizierte Hühner entwickelten eine dosisabhängige Virämie ab Tag 1 post infectionem (p. i.), der zur erstmaligen Blutaufnahme der Milben gewählt wurde. AIV wurde aus Milben nach dem Blutsaugen an Hühnern über 10 Tage isoliert. Naive Hühner konnten von AIV-positiven Milben durch Blutsaugen mit AIV infiziert werden. Virusisolate aus Milben und Hühnern ließen sich mittels RT-PCR nicht von dem Ausgangs - isolat unterschei den. Schlussfolgerung: Milben können AIV durch Blutsaugen aufnehmen und auf SPF-Hühner übertragen. Hiermit wurde die Rolle von D. gallinae als mechanischem Vektor für AIV nachgewiesen. Die Milbe ist daher an der Zirkulation des Virus in einem Betrieb beteiligt, wobei das infektiöse Virus in der Milbe eine begrenzte Überlebenszeit hat. Klinische Relevanz: Die bestätigte AIV-Übertragung erhöht die Wichtigkeit der Bekämpfung dieses Ektoparasiten zum Erhalt der Gesundheit und Produktivität von Geflügel. Die belegte Vektorfunktion von D. gallinae hat große Bedeutung für Geflügelhaltungen weltweit.
Vakuumassistierte Wundbehandlung (Negative Pressure Wound Therapy, NPWT) in der Kleintiermedizin
Authors: Meyer-Lindenberg A. , Nolff M. C.
Published: February 2016

Die Behandlung offener Wunden gehört zu den alltäglichen Herausforderungen in der Tiermedizin. In den letzten Jahren hat sich mit der vakuumassistierten Wundbehandlung (Negative Pressure Wound Therapy, NPWT) eine neue Therapieform entwickelt. Durch ihren Einsatz lassen sich die Heilung offener Wunden und die Einheilungsrate freier Hauttransplantate beim Kleintier signifikant verbessern. In diesem Überblick werden Wirkweise, Indikationen sowie Komplikationen der Negative Pressure Wound Therapy dargestellt.
How Cancers Escape Immune Destruction and Mechanisms of Action for the New Significantly Active Immune Therapies: Helping Nonimmunologists Decipher Recent Advances
Authors: Messerschmidt Jonathan L. , Prendergast George C. , Messerschmidt Gerald L.
Published: February 2016

With the Food and Drug Administration and other worldwide regulatory authorities’ approval of ipilimumab (Yervoy), sipuleucel-T (Provenge), nivolumab (Opdivo), and pembrolizumab (Keytruda), oncologic therapy has now moved into noncancer cell targets within the immune system. For many nonimmunologists, understanding how these vastly different therapies work to improve survival, like no other therapies have in the past, is a challenge. The present report reviews the normal function of the immune system, how cancers escape the normal immune system, and how these new therapies improve immune system reactions against cancers.
Contemporary Management of Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Shaib Walid L. , Ip Andrew , Cardona Kenneth , Alese Olatunji B. , Maithel Shishir K. , Kooby David , Landry Jerome , El-Rayes Bassel F.
Published: February 2016

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas remains a highly lethal disease, with less than 5% survival at 5 years. Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) and locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer (LAPC) account for approximately 30% of newly diagnosed cases of PC. The objective of BRPC therapy is to downstage the tumor to allow resection; the objective of LAPC therapy is to control disease and improve survival. There is no consensus on the definitions of BRPC and LAPC, which leads to major limitations in designing clinical trials and evaluating their results. A multimodality approach is always needed to ensure proper utilization and timing of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery in the management of this disease. Combination chemotherapy regimens (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and gemcitabine [FOLFIRINOX] and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel) have improved overall survival in metastatic disease. The role of combination chemotherapy regimens in BRPC and LAPC is an area of active investigation. There is no consensus on the dose, modality, and role of radiation therapy in the treatment of BRPC and LAPC. This article reviews the literature and highlights the areas of controversy regarding management of BRPC and LAPC.
Investigations on textile-reinforced concrete as cover for RC beams
Authors: Gopinath Smitha , Ramachandra Murthy Avadhanam , Iyer Nagesh R. , Dharinee Ramamoorthy
Published: February 2016

The present paper reports investigations carried out on textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) as a tension zone cover for reinforced concrete beams towards attaining improved serviceability and durability. TRC consists of a cementitious binder and an alkali-resistant glass fabric. To correlate the thickness of TRC cover to be used in reinforced concrete beams for various chloride exposure conditions such as mild, medium and extreme, rapid chloride permeability tests (RCPTs) are carried out. Microscopic examinations are also undertaken to correlate the RCPTs from a microscopic perspective. In addition, water absorption and sorptivity tests are conducted on the cementitious binder used in the TRC. To investigate the structural performance of reinforced concrete beams with TRC cover, experimental investigations are carried out under flexural loading. The number of layers used in the TRC and the total cover thickness are varied in the investigations. It is observed that these beams have good ductility and low crack width. Overall, it is concluded that the use of TRC as a tension zone cover in reinforced concrete beams is an effective method, and a unified cover thickness can be considered for all chloride exposure conditions.
Efectos comportamentales de un programa de habilidades sociales en jóvenes de 14 a 18 años en situación de vulnerabilidad
Authors: Redondo-Pachecho Jesús , Parra-Moreno Johan Sebastián , Luzardo-Briceño Marianela
Published: February 2016

Introducción: las habilidades sociales son importantes para la adaptación de los individuos a los diferentes contextos sociales. Para los adolescentes puede ser difícil establecer y mantener interacciones sociales competentes debido a los cambios producto de su desarrollo. Objetivo: analizar los efectos comportamentales de un programa de habilidades sociales en jóvenes de 14 a 18 años en situación de vulnerabilidad, de la Fundación Club Campestre de Bucaramanga. Metodología: para la medición de las habilidades sociales, se utilizó la Escala de Habilidades Sociales (EHS), creada en el 2000 por Elena Gismero en la Universidad Pontificia de Madrid. Se trata de un cuestionario compuesto por 33 ítems que exploran la conducta habitual del sujeto en situaciones concretas y valora hasta qué punto las habilidades sociales modulan estas actitudes. Participaron 50 jóvenes pertenecientes a la Fundación Club Campestre, los cuales se dividieron en dos grupos: experimental y control. La metodología de trabajo fue una aplicación de pruebas pre-test para la medición de la habilidades, se continuó con la aplicación del programa y se finalizó con la aplicación del pos-test para el análisis de los resultados. Resultados: el programa generó efectos comportamentales en los jóvenes, es decir, conductas socialmente habilidosas y el reforzamiento de su repertorio de habilidades sociales, presentando mejora en la convivencia en su contexto social, menos respuestas agresivas y más esquemas de respuesta asertiva. Conclusión: los resultados sugieren que los programas de habilidades sociales son herramientas útiles para la intervención de jóvenes con dificultades en el desarrollo de estas.
Coping and Quality of Life in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review
Authors: Córdoba-Sánchez Verónica , Limonero-García Joaquín T.
Published: February 2016

Backgorund: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by uncertain prognosis, severe symptoms and a negative impact on quality of life (QOL) of patients. Purpose: The aim of this review is to generate a comprehensive approach in order to improve psychological intervention in these patients. Methods: A qualitative review of articles indexed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS up to July 2015 was conducted. Articles reporting SLE, coping strategies and QOL were included. Results: Twenty-four studies were found, covering different research designs, forms of assessment and intervention. Coping strategies and their relationship with QOL were analyzed in order to describe the best strategies for dealing with SLE. Conclusions: There are no adaptive or maladaptive strategies, and the suitability of these depends on the situation that a patient could sustain; nevertheless, an active coping style seems to help preserve the QOL. The main goal of psychological intervention should be diversify and expand the number of coping strategies used by patients.
Ambientes de calidad en la infancia temprana
Authors: Valverde-Forttes Paz
Published: February 2016

Propósito: el artículo tiene por objetivo compartir parte de la experiencia de Chile con relación a la búsqueda y construcción de ambientes de calidad que favorezcan el aprendizaje y desarrollo de los niños entre cero y seis años. Tema: la promoción de ambientes de calidad, desde la intencionalidad pedagógica del educador, al organizar el tiempo, el espacio y las interacciones, promoviendo el aprendizaje de los niños y las niñas. Desarrollo: se trata de una exposición principalmente descriptiva del contexto chileno y de los resultados obtenidos frente a las evaluaciones disponibles a partir de la aplicación de dos instrumentos: ECERS-R e ITERS-R, y CLASS, en el marco de la implementación de programas que buscan mejorar la calidad, tales como Quik, y Un Buen Comienzo de la Fundación Oportunidad. Conclusiones: a la luz de estos resultados, se releva la importancia del tema y se realiza un análisis de las políticas públicas emergentes y los desafíos o las tensiones que siguen presentes. Entre ellas, se destaca la tensión entre calidad y cobertura, así como la problemática de las desconfianzas entre los actores involucrados frente al significado y a la realidad de una educación de calidad.
El ciclo de lectura: estrategia para potenciar a niños no lectores
Authors: Villegas-Herrera María Soledad
Published: February 2016

Propósito: aprender a leer y escribir es un proceso que comienza tempranamente en la vida infantil, a través del uso de conductas de lectura y escritura genuinas en el contexto familiar y en los centros educativos. El propósito de esta experiencia fue mejorar la calidad de la lectura de los niños no lectores de primero básico. Tema: el programa "Aprendizaje Inicial de la Lectura, Escritura y Matemática" de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (AILEM UC), se compone de una serie de estrategias que permiten potenciar este aprendizaje a través de una serie de estrategias de lectura y escritura. Ha sido implementado en diferentes escuelas del país a partir del año 2002 (Swartz, 2010). Desarrollo: se presenta una experiencia exitosa realizada en Chile, en la ciudad de La Serena, utilizando el "Ciclo de lectura", una de las estrategias del programa AILEM, con un grupo de niños de primer año básico que presentaban retraso en el aprendizaje de la lectura. Conclusiones: con el trabajo realizado durante dos meses en forma sistemática por las asesoras, aplicando dicha estrategia, se logró que el grupo de niños no lectores o con retraso en la lectura leyera, a final de año, al menos silábicamente.
Predicting Operational Loss Exposure Using Past Losses
Authors: Curti Filippo , Migueis Marco
Published: February 2016

Operational risk models, such as the loss distribution approach, frequently use past internal losses to forecast operational loss exposure. However, the ability of past losses to predict exposure, particularly tail exposure, has not been thoroughly examined in the literature. In this paper, we test whether simple metrics derived from past loss experience are predictive of future tail operational loss exposure using quantile regression. We find evidence that past losses are predictive of future exposure, particularly metrics related to loss frequency.
Learning with colleagues through peer review: the Dutch experience
Authors: Mulders Greta , Uitslager Nanda
Published: February 2016

The Verpleegkundigen & Verzorgenden Nederland Verpleegkundig Specialisten (V&VN VS), the Dutch professional organisation representing nurse practitioners, has introduced a requirement for advanced practice (registered) nurses (APRN) who wish to be eligible for reregistration within five years to participate in a peer review group for at least eight hours per year. In 2013, five APRNs caring for people with haemophilia and other bleeding disorders in the Netherlands formed a peer review group. As no framework was available, research was undertaken through reviewing literature and engaging in exploratory discussions within the profession in order to identify best practice in establishing such a group. The initial meeting of the new peer review group agreed possible methodologies and established meeting rules. After four meetings, some initial conclusions can now be drawn on the benefits of this specialised haemophilia peer review group. Overall, it is clear that participation in a forum in which knowledge and expertise are shared, contributes to the professionalism of the APRN.
Pain: lessons from the past can inform the present and future
Authors: Witkop Michelle
Published: February 2016

Pain is a phenomenon that accompanies a person with haemophilia (PWH) and many others with bleeding disorders from birth to death. Caregivers are not immune. For you cannot provide care, either as a loved one or a health care provider, and watch someone in pain without experiencing pain yourself.
Imágenes y lucha política en torno a 1808
Authors: Pérez Vejó Tomás
Published: February 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar los cambios que en el uso de las imágenes como arma de lucha política trajo la crisis de la Monarquía Católica en 1808. A partir del estudio de seis imágenes producidas en torno a esos años, desde un grabado de 1808 a una pintura de historia de 1814, sereconstruye y analiza un proceso de carácter marcadamente revolucionario pero en el que es también perceptible la continuidad de una tradición barroca todavía viva en el mundo hispánico en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX.

 

 
Name Authority Challenges for Indexing and Abstracting Databases
Authors: Bennett Denise Beaubien , Williams Priscilla
Published: February 2016

Objective - This analysis explores alternative methods for managing author name changes in Indexing and Abstracting (I&A) databases. A searcher may retrieve incomplete or inaccurate results when the database provides no or faulty assistance in linking author name variations.

Methods -The article includes an analysis of current name authority practices in I&A databases and of selected research into name disambiguation models applied to authorship of articles.

Results - Several potential solutions are in production or in development. MathSciNet has developed an authority file. The method is largely machine-based but it involves time-consuming manual intervention that might not scale up to larger or multidisciplinary databases. The use of standard numbers for authors has been proposed. Solutions in practice include author-managed registration records and linking among several authority files. Information science and computer science researchers are developing models to automate processes for name disambiguation, shifting the focus from authority control to access control. Successful models use metadata beyond the author name alone, such as co-authors, author affiliation, journal name, or keywords. Social networks may provide additional data to support disambiguation models.

Conclusion - The traditional objective of name authority files is to determine precisely when name variations belong to the same individual. Manually-maintained authority files have served library catalogues reasonably well, but the burden of upkeep has made them ill-suited to managing the volume of items and authors in all but the smallest I&A databases. To meet the access needs of the 21st Century, both catalogues and I&A databases may need to implement options that present a high degree of probability that items have been authored by the same individual, rather than options that provide high precision with the expense of manual maintenance. Striving for name disambiguation rather than name authority control may become an attractive option for catalogues, I&A databases, and digital library collections.
Projeto de Controlador Baseado no Modelo Interno Utilizado em P&o-mppt e Conversor Cc-cc Boost Quadrático
Authors: Chaves Eric N. , Vilefort Leandro S. , Carvalho Henrique T. M. , Coelho Ernane A. A. , Freitas Luiz C. G. , Júnior João B. V. , Freitas Luiz C.
Published: February 2016

Neste trabalho é apresentado o projeto do controlador utilizado no laço interno do algoritmo de rastreamento de máxima potência do tipo perturba e observa, para controle da tensão de saída de painéis fotovoltaicos, a partir de um conversor CC-CC boost quadrático. Esse conversor é utilizado tendo em vista a necessidade de se ampliar a faixa de conversão CC-CC e o mesmo possuir dependência quadrática da tensão de saída, em função de sua razão cíclica. No intuito de se investigar um método que melhore a controlabilidade desse conversor CC-CC, é proposto o projeto de um controlador baseado no modelo interno, com 1 grau de liberdade, e avaliado seu desempenho através de resultados de simulações computacionais e resultados experimentais que corroboram a viabilidade de sua aplicação.
Identification of potential genotypes of fenugreek in rainfed vertisols for yield and diosgenin content
Authors: Giridhar K , Kumari S. Surya , Rajani A. , Sarada C. , Naidu L. Naram
Published: February 2016

The present study was undertaken for three years (2009-12) to evaluate thirteen promising genotypes from India for both yield and diosgenin content. Maximum yield was recorded in genotype LFC-103 (584.1 kg ha-1) followed by HM-348 (542.8 kg ha-1). The diosgenin content in the studied genotypes varied significantly, similar observations were recorded with the diosgenin productivity. Local cultivar recorded significantly highest diosgenin content (0.92 %). The highest diosgenin productivity was recorded with UM-364 (3.97 kg ha-1) followed by NDM-119 (3.91 kg ha-1). The superiority of these genotypes can be attributed to their wide adaptability and robust growth under rainfed conditions.
Screening for active compounds in Rhus coriaria L. crude extract that inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Rashid Tavga Sulaiman , Sijam Kamaruzaman , Kadir Jugah , Saud Halimi Mohd , Awla Hayman Kakakhan , Zulperi Dzarifah , Hata Erneeza Mohd
Published: February 2016

An experiment was performed to study the antibacterial activity of methanol, acetone, alcohol and aqueous extracts from the fruit of R. coriaria by disk diffusion assay in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and killing-time curve. The detection of the components was also fulfilled using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and also tested for their antibacterial activity. The tested bacteria were Pseudomonas syringae (Accession No. KJ858057), a tomato bacterial speck causal agent, and Ralstonia solanacearum (Accession No. KJ881159) causing tomato bacterial wilt. Furthermore, the inhibition criteria were made by different extracts of the sampled bacteria which were measured and compared with standard antibiotic (chloramphenicol). Aqueous extract displayed better outcomes against P. syringae and R. solanacearum as compared to chloramphenicol. According to the GC-MS test results, the aqueous extract was composed of 39 different phytocompounds, together with eight elements in the high peak region, namely Furfural, 1-Cyclopetene, 2,5 Furandione, Phloroglucinol, Succinic acid, Malic acid, P-Tolylacetic acid and Coumalic acid. Among these, it was discovered that 2,5 Furandione was the most important antibacterial element that is present in sumac. The results from the current study indicate that different extracts of R. coriaria contain a variety of antibacterial compounds which can potentially be used to produce an extensive range of herbal mixtures with anti-bacterial properties for controlling diseases in crops belonging to the Solanaceae family.
Trisomy 13: Changing Perspectives
Authors: Macias Gabriel , Riley Cheryl
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of trisomy 13 has been considered incompatible with life. Trisomy 13 is associated with a pattern of congenital anomalies and mental disabilities that make caring for these infants a challenge for both the family and health care professionals. The clinical management of trisomy 13 varies based on the organ systems involved. The current standard of care has been withholding intensive support and providing comfort care. Recent literature suggests there are improved outcomes in infants who receive intensive care at birth. In addition, case reports evaluating older children with trisomy 13 report that, although there are significant intellectual and psychomotor disabilities, these children do meet developmental milestones such as smiling in response to parents, sitting unassisted, and walking with a walker. This case review will include a discussion of the clinical course of an infant born with mosaic trisomy 13 where the parents requested intensive care.
A Prospective, Case‐Controlled Study Evaluating the Use of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Human Buccal Recession Defects: A Human Histologic Examination
Authors: McGuire Michael K. , Scheyer E. Todd , Schupbach Peter
Published: February 2016

Background: Connective tissue grafts (CTGs) and coronally advanced flaps (CAFs) do not regenerate periodontal attachment apparatus when used to treat gingival recessions (GRs). Instead of generating new bone, cementum, and inserting periodontal ligament fibers, CTG+CAF repairs through a long epithelial junction and connective tissue attachment. Enamel matrix derivatives (EMDs) have demonstrated proof‐of‐principle that periodontal regeneration can be achieved, although data are limited.

Methods: Three patients, each requiring extraction of four premolars before orthodontic treatment, were enrolled in a randomized, open‐label study. Two months after induction of Miller Class I and II GR, each patient received EMD+CAF for three teeth and CTG+CAF for one tooth for root coverage. Nine months after root coverage, all four premolars from each of the three patients were surgically extracted en bloc for histologic and microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) analysis, looking for evidence of periodontal regeneration. Standard clinical measurements, radiographs, and intraoral photographs were taken over prescribed time points.

Results: Seven of the nine teeth treated with EMD+CAF demonstrated varying degrees of periodontal regeneration, detailed through histology with new bone, cementum, and inserting fibers. Micro‐CT corroborated these findings. None of the three teeth treated with CTG+CAF showed periodontal regeneration. Clinical measurements were comparable for both treatments. One instance of root resorption and ankylosis was noted with EMD+CAF.

Conclusions: EMD+CAF continues to show histologic evidence of periodontal regeneration via human histology, this being the largest study (nine teeth) examining its effect when treating GR. The mechanism of action, ideal patient profile, and criteria leading to predictable regeneration are in need of further exploration.
Grave New World? Workplace Skills For Todays College Graduates
Authors: Eisner Susan
Published: February 2016

Today’s college graduates face an uncertain and demanding job market in which they are likely to encounter evolving skill needs, reduced hiring, and heightened competition from experienced laid off workers and globally available labor. These realities underscore the importance expressed by educators and practitioners of identifying attributes new college graduates should have to meet the challenges and access opportunities of the 21st century workplace. This paper identifies those core competencies through comprehensive literature review, original studies using primary data, and contextual analysis of the contemporary workplace in which the skills will be valued.
A Test Of Financial Ratios As Predictors Of Turnaround Versus Failure Among Financially Distressed Firms
Authors: Poston Kay M. , Harmon Ken , Gramlich Jeffrey D.
Published: February 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of financial ratios to discriminate among financially distressed firms. The sample consisted of firms identified as distressed during the period 1970 to 1976. Each company was evaluated eight years subsequent to the year of sample entry and assigned to one of three groups according to its financial condition at that point in time. All models tested were biased in their misclassifications of the sample firms. While financial ratios have proved to be meaningful discriminators in prior studies utilizing choice-based sampling designs, these results suggest that they are not so useful in efforts to distinguish between failing firms that effect a turnaround and those that are unsuccessful in their remedial efforts.
Sports Event Sponsorship For Brand Promotion
Authors: Nicholls J.A.F. , Roslow Sydney , Laskey Henry A.
Published: February 2016

In investigating the effectiveness of brand promotion at a sports event, respondents were asked to name their preferred brand in nine categories of consumer goods and services. Each category included one brand promoted at the event by a sponsor. Brand preference was analyzed in terms of frequency of attendance. Results suggest that ton-site advertising effectiveness may be more related to the specific brand rather than to frequency of attendance (advertising exposure).
Corporate Earnings And Financings: An Analysis Of Cancelled Versus Completed Offerings
Authors: Crutcheley Claire E. , Hudson Carl D. , Jensen Marlin R. H.
Published: February 2016

Testing the earnings downturn and overvaluation hypotheses, we examine the long-term behavior of earnings around cancelled offers of firm financings of straight debt, convertible debt, and common stock. Although we find evidence consistent with both hypotheses in our completed offerings, the earnings pattern around cancelled offerings is consistent with overvaluation rather than earnings downturn. We find an unexpected earnings drop following the cancellation, however, we find no evidence shareholders correctly anticipate the size of the earnings downturn.
Can Financial Markets Discipline Banks? Evidence From The Markets For Preferred Stock
Authors: Ely David P. , Houston, Jr. Arthur L. , Houston Carol Olson
Published: February 2016

This paper explores the potential benefits of allowing greater use of money-market preferred stock (MMPS) in the capital structure of banking organizations. We find that banking organizations offering MMPS tend to have lower profitability and higher credit risk than institutions offering capital-market preferred stock. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that markets will provide incentives, in the form of lower risk premiums, for higher default-risk institutions to offer MMPS rather than CMPS, because the auction process allows investors to adjust for any shifts in risk profiles by repricing the issue every 49 days. The finding that institution-specific risk influences the financing behavior of bank managers implies that banks are subject to a degree of market discipline.
Completing The Deal: Determinants of Successful Tender Offers
Authors: Flanagan David J. , D'Mello James P. , O'Shaughnessy K. C.
Published: February 2016

This study of 991 tender offers that occurred between 1985 and 1994 tests how a set of factors influenced the probability that tender offers will be successfully completed. The probability of tender offer success is increased by relatedness of the two firms, cross-border status, the existence of termination fees and pre-bid ownership of target stock. Two-tier transactions, hostile reactions, and competing bids negatively effect tender offer success. Implications for managers contemplating tender offers are discussed.
Minimizing Negotiation Process Losses With Computerized Negotiation Support Systems
Authors: Foroughi Abbas
Published: February 2016

The growing frequency of negotiation situations as well as an increasing complexity of the issues that need to be resolved in a negotiation have generated interest in computer support for negotiation. Negotiation Support Systems (NSS) show potential for alleviating or overcoming major process losses which hinder the effectiveness of negotiations, including the negative effects of cognitive limitations, cognitive biases and dysfunctional socio-emotional aspects of negotiator behavior. This paper gives a brief overview of existing NSS and presents a framework for research in the NSS area, which highlights empirical research, which has already been conducted in this area. Also included is a discussion of future research directions, which are needed in the area of NSS.
War And Peace: The Reaction Of Defense Stocks
Authors: Shapiro Daniel M. , Switzer Lorne N. , Mastroianni Dino P. N.
Published: February 2016

In this paper we examine the response of a portfolio of defense contractors to war- and peace-related events. An event-study methodology is employed, and GARCH estimates of abnormal returns suggest that on balance the defense portfolio responds positively to war-related announcements and negatively to peace-related announcements. A cross-sectional analysis of the abnormal returns to firms in the Gulf War indicates that larger abnormal returns are associated with R&D intensive firms in concentrated industries, while lower abnormal returns are associated with firms that commit to above-average levels of capital expenditures.
Reducing Stress from Workload Compression: Coping Strategies That Work in CPA Firms
Authors: Ehlen Craig R. , Cluskey, Jr. G. R. , Rivers Richard A.
Published: February 2016

Workload compression is characterized by the AICPA (Padwe 1994) as a condition of excessive job demands caused by the 1986 Tax Reform Act (TRA).  The TRA severely limited the ability of businesses to elect other than a calendar year-end reporting for tax purposes.  Consequently, professional accountants find their tax and audit work compressed into the first quarter of each year.  In an earlier study Cluskey and Vaux (1997a) found job stressors, such as excessive job demands, to be contributing factors in causing job stress, which ultimately leads to degraded job performance. Cluskey and Vaux (1997b) also found workload compression to be a possible contributor to occupational stress in professional accountants.  The current study surveyed public accountants in both October (slack season) and February (busy season).  The study found that standard indicators of job stress were no greater in February than in October, indicating that workload compression does not contribute additional occupational stress in accounting practitioners.  Subsequent interviews with the participants revealed that the firms in this study have incorporated specific management practices to help their employees cope with the extremely high job demands during this period of workload compression, which may help explain these unexpected results.
Selling the Web: Web Features Used by Retailers
Authors: Kagan Albert , Post Gerald , Noel Cecile Messier
Published: February 2016

This study examines the use of the Web by retailers in business-to-consumer implementation of electronic commerce. An analysis of the content of retail Web sites was undertaken. Fourteen different business sectors encompassing 420 firms were evaluated. Results indicate that most current Web sites provide basic transaction features such as shopping carts and security. However, consumers want more advanced features such as the ability to determine if a product is in stock and the opportunity to track order progress online. Consumers also want greater assurances of confidentiality and privacy. Only a few firms currently provide these features.