bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaginal microbiomes of breast cancer survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors with and without vulvovaginal symptoms
Authors: Prasanchit Pimpun , Pongchaikul Pisut , Lertsittichai Panuwat , Tantitham Chananya , Manonai Jittima
Published: March 2024

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is the leading cause of vaginal symptoms in breast cancer survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors. However, there are currently no effective treatment options available for women with a history of breast cancer. Recent research has established that changes in the vaginal microbiome may be linked to GSM. Most studies have assessed the microbiome without accounting for the estrogen status. It remains unknown whether the vaginal microbiome differ among patients with a low estrogenic state with and without vulvovaginal symptoms. To address such research questions, our study compares the vaginal microbiomes among breast cancer survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors with and without vulvovaginal symptoms. A total of 50 breast cancer survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors were recruited, among whom 25 had vulvovaginal symptoms and 25 had no vulvovaginal symptoms. Vaginal swabs were collected. DNA extraction, followed by sequencing of the V3–V4 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, were performed. Differential abundance analysis was conducted by linear discriminant analysis effect size. Taxonomy assignment, alpha diversity and beta diversity were examined. The relative abundance of genus Sneathia and genus Gardnerella was significantly increased in vulvovaginal symptoms group with no differences in bacterial diversity and richness.
Role of endothelial hyaluronan in peritoneal membrane transport and disease conditions during peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Kamiya Keisuke , Hatayama Naoyuki , Tawada Mitsuhiro , Asai Akimasa , Yamauchi Mai , Kinashi Hiroshi , Kunoki Shunnosuke , Yamaguchi Makoto , Mizuno Masashi , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Banshodani Masataka , Ishimoto Takuji , Naito Munekazu , Kawanishi Hideki , Ito Yasuhiko
Published: March 2024

Peritoneal membrane dysfunction in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is primarily attributed to angiogenesis; however, the integrity of vascular endothelial cells can affect peritoneal permeability. Hyaluronan, a component of the endothelial glycocalyx, is reportedly involved in preventing proteinuria in the normal glomerulus. One hypothesis suggests that development of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is triggered by protein leakage due to vascular endothelial injury. We therefore investigated the effect of hyaluronan in the glycocalyx on peritoneal permeability and disease conditions. After hyaluronidase-mediated degradation of hyaluronan on the endothelial cells of mice, macromolecules, including albumin and β2 microglobulin, leaked into the dialysate. However, peritoneal transport of small solute molecules was not affected. Pathologically, hyaluronan expression was diminished; however, expression of vascular endothelial cadherin and heparan sulfate, a core protein of the glycocalyx, was preserved. Hyaluronan expression on endothelial cells was studied using 254 human peritoneal membrane samples. Hyaluronan expression decreased in patients undergoing long-term PD treatment and EPS patients treated with conventional solutions. Furthermore, the extent of hyaluronan loss correlated with the severity of vasculopathy. Hyaluronan on endothelial cells is involved in the peritoneal transport of macromolecules. Treatment strategies that preserve hyaluronan in the glycocalyx could prevent the leakage of macromolecules and subsequent related complications.
Forensic autosomal and gonosomal short tandem repeat marker reference database for populations in Burkina Faso
Authors: Zeye Moutanou Modeste Judes , Ouedraogo Serge Yannick , Bado Prosper , Zoure Abdou Azaque , Djigma Florencia W. , Wu Xiang , Simpore Jacques
Published: March 2024

Tandem repeat genetic profiles used in forensic applications varies between populations. Despite the diversity and security issues in the Sahel that require the identification of victims (soldiers and civilians), Burkina Faso (BF) remains understudied. To fill this information gap, 396 unrelated individuals from BF were genotyped using a MICROREADER 21 ID System kit. All 20 short tandem repeat (STR) loci tested passed the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test. The combined powers of exclusion for duos (CPE duos) and trios (CPE trios) for the 20 tested loci were 0.9999998 and 0.9999307, respectively. The probability that two individuals would share the same DNA profiles among the BF population was 9.80898 × 10–26. For the X-chromosome STR analysis, 292 individuals were included in this study using a MICROREADER 19X Direct ID System kit. Among the 19 loci, no significant deviations from HWE test were observed in female samples after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05/19 = 0.0026), except for loci GATA165B12 and DXS7423. The results showed that the combined power of exclusion (CPE) and the combined power of discrimination in females (CPDF) and males (CPDM) were 0.999999760893, 0.999999999992, and 1, respectively. Comparison with other African sub-populations showed that geographical proximity is a reliable indicator of genetic relatedness.
Future changes in the wintertime ENSO-NAO teleconnection under greenhouse warming
Authors: Geng Xin , Kug Jong-Seong , Kosaka Yu
Published: March 2024

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection to the Euro-Atlantic exhibits strong subseasonal variations, as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) response systematically reverses its phase from early to late winter. Based on two sets of atmospheric model simulations in CMIP6 forced by historical and projected SST, we report a future disappearance of this teleconnection reversal, with the positive early winter ENSO-NAO correlation turning negative and the negative late winter correlation becoming stronger. We suggest that this negative NAO tendency is associated with the strengthening and eastward shift of the ENSO atmospheric teleconnection towards the Euro-Atlantic due to parallel changes in the ENSO tropical convection. While the early winter NAO phase transition is further facilitated by the mean state change in the North Atlantic jet meridional shear, which shifts the ENSO-driven Rossby wave-propagating direction, an intensified stratospheric pathway is demonstrated to play an additional role in strengthening the late winter NAO response.
ELAVL2 loss promotes aggressive mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma
Authors: Kim Yona , You Ji Hyeon , Ryu Yeonjoo , Park Gyuri , Lee Urim , Moon Hyo Eun , Park Hye Ran , Song Chang W. , Ku Ja-Lok , Park Sung-Hye , Paek Sun Ha
Published: March 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal primary brain cancer, exhibits intratumoral heterogeneity and molecular plasticity, posing challenges for effective treatment. Despite this, the regulatory mechanisms underlying such plasticity, particularly mesenchymal (MES) transition, remain poorly understood. In this study, we elucidate the role of the RNA-binding protein ELAVL2 in regulating aggressive MES transformation in GBM. We found that ELAVL2 is most frequently deleted in GBM compared to other cancers and associated with distinct clinical and molecular features. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ELAVL2-mediated alterations correspond to specific GBM subtype signatures. Notably, ELAVL2 expression negatively correlated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes, and its loss promoted MES process and chemo-resistance in GBM cells, whereas ELAVL2 overexpression exerted the opposite effect. Further investigation via tissue microarray analysis demonstrated that high ELAVL2 protein expression confers a favorable survival outcome in GBM patients. Mechanistically, ELAVL2 was shown to directly bind to the transcripts of EMT-inhibitory molecules, SH3GL3 and DNM3, modulating their mRNA stability, potentially through an m6A-dependent mechanism. In summary, our findings identify ELAVL2 as a critical tumor suppressor and mRNA stabilizer that regulates MES transition in GBM, underscoring its role in transcriptomic plasticity and glioma progression.
A multiparameter liquid biopsy approach allows to track melanoma dynamics and identify early treatment resistance
Authors: Scaini Maria Chiara , Catoni Cristina , Poggiana Cristina , Pigozzo Jacopo , Piccin Luisa , Leone Kevin , Scarabello Ilaria , Facchinetti Antonella , Menin Chiara , Elefanti Lisa , Pellegrini Stefania , Aleotti Valentina , Vidotto Riccardo , Schiavi Francesca , Fabozzi Alessio , Chiarion-Sileni Vanna , Rosato Antonio
Published: March 2024

Melanoma heterogeneity is a hurdle in metastatic disease management. Although the advent of targeted therapy has significantly improved patient outcomes, the occurrence of resistance makes monitoring of the tumor genetic landscape mandatory. Liquid biopsy could represent an important biomarker for the real-time tracing of disease evolution. Thus, we aimed to correlate liquid biopsy dynamics with treatment response and progression by devising a multiplatform approach applied to longitudinal melanoma patient monitoring. We conceived an approach that exploits Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and droplet digital PCR, as well as the FDA-cleared platform CellSearch, to analyze circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) trend and circulating melanoma cell (CMC) count, together with their customized genetic and copy number variation analysis. The approach was applied to 17 stage IV melanoma patients treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors, followed for up to 28 months. BRAF mutations were detected in the plasma of 82% of patients. Single nucleotide variants known or suspected to confer resistance were identified in 70% of patients. Moreover, the amount of ctDNA, both at baseline and during response, correlated with the type and duration of the response itself, and the CMC count was confirmed to be a prognostic biomarker. This work provides proof of principle of the power of this approach and paves the way for a validation study aimed at evaluating early ctDNA-guided treatment decisions in stage IV melanoma. The NGS-based molecular profile complemented the analysis of ctDNA trend and, together with CMC analysis, revealed to be useful in capturing tumor evolution.
Paving the way for sustainable decarbonization of the European cement industry
Authors: Cavalett Otavio , Watanabe Marcos D. B. , Voldsund Mari , Roussanaly Simon , Cherubini Francesco
Published: March 2024

Cement production is a main source of carbon emissions. Decarbonization options exist, but their climate change mitigation potential, feasibility and environmental implications are still unclear. Here we assess 15 decarbonization options for the European cement industry under current and future conditions. Climate impacts per tonne of clinker produced today in European countries vary between 832 and 1,075 kg CO2-equivalents. Decarbonization options at various maturity levels can mitigate between 7 and 135 Mt CO2-equivalents per year (4–108% of today’s annual emissions from European cement plants), with a range of synergies and trade-offs. Solutions such as alternative fuels or technological improvements reduce climate impacts up to 30%, while a mix of ambitious complementary measures achieves a mitigation of about 50% by 2050. Only rapid and large-scale implementation of carbon capture and storage can approach climate neutrality. Carbon capture for production of e-fuels presents no significant mitigation benefits while it increases other environmental impacts.
Epigenetic signatures of social status in wild female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)
Authors: Vullioud Colin , Benhaiem Sarah , Meneghini Dorina , Szyf Moshe , Shao Yong , Hofer Heribert , East Marion L. , Fickel Jörns , Weyrich Alexandra
Published: March 2024

In mammalian societies, dominance hierarchies translate into inequalities in health, reproductive performance and survival. DNA methylation is thought to mediate the effects of social status on gene expression and phenotypic outcomes, yet a study of social status-specific DNA methylation profiles in different age classes in a wild social mammal is missing. We tested for social status signatures in DNA methylation profiles in wild female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), cubs and adults, using non-invasively collected gut epithelium samples. In spotted hyena clans, female social status influences access to resources, foraging behavior, health, reproductive performance and survival. We identified 149 differentially methylated regions between 42 high- and low-ranking female spotted hyenas (cubs and adults). Differentially methylated genes were associated with energy conversion, immune function, glutamate receptor signalling and ion transport. Our results provide evidence that socio-environmental inequalities are reflected at the molecular level in cubs and adults in a wild social mammal.
Pan-cancer analyses suggest kindlin-associated global mechanochemical alterations
Authors: Chowdhury Debojyoti , Mistry Ayush , Maity Debashruti , Bhatia Riti , Priyadarshi Shreyansh , Wadan Simran , Chakraborty Soham , Haldar Shubhasis
Published: March 2024

Kindlins serve as mechanosensitive adapters, transducing extracellular mechanical cues to intracellular biochemical signals and thus, their perturbations potentially lead to cancer progressions. Despite the kindlin involvement in tumor development, understanding their genetic and mechanochemical characteristics across different cancers remains elusive. Here, we thoroughly examined genetic alterations in kindlins across more than 10,000 patients with 33 cancer types. Our findings reveal cancer-specific alterations, particularly prevalent in advanced tumor stage and during metastatic onset. We observed a significant co-alteration between kindlins and mechanochemical proteome in various tumors through the activation of cancer-related pathways and adverse survival outcomes. Leveraging normal mode analysis, we predicted structural consequences of cancer-specific kindlin mutations, highlighting potential impacts on stability and downstream signaling pathways. Our study unraveled alterations in epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers associated with kindlin activity. This comprehensive analysis provides a resource for guiding future mechanistic investigations and therapeutic strategies targeting the roles of kindlins in cancer treatment.
GFI1B and LSD1 repress myeloid traits during megakaryocyte differentiation
Authors: Venhuizen Jeron , van Bergen Maaike G. J. M. , Bergevoet Saskia M. , Gilissen Daan , Spruijt Cornelia G. , Wingens Laura , van den Akker Emile , Vermeulen Michiel , Jansen Joop H. , Martens Joost H. A. , van der Reijden Bert A.
Published: March 2024

The transcription factor Growth Factor Independence 1B (GFI1B) recruits Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 A (LSD1/KDM1A) to stimulate gene programs relevant for megakaryocyte and platelet biology. Inherited pathogenic GFI1B variants result in thrombocytopenia and bleeding propensities with varying intensity. Whether these affect similar gene programs is unknow. Here we studied transcriptomic effects of four patient-derived GFI1B variants (GFI1BT174N,H181Y,R184P,Q287*) in MEG01 megakaryoblasts. Compared to normal GFI1B, each variant affected different gene programs with GFI1BQ287* uniquely failing to repress myeloid traits. In line with this, single cell RNA-sequencing of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived megakaryocytes revealed a 4.5-fold decrease in the megakaryocyte/myeloid cell ratio in GFI1BQ287* versus normal conditions. Inhibiting the GFI1B-LSD1 interaction with small molecule GSK-LSD1 resulted in activation of myeloid genes in normal iPSC-derived megakaryocytes similar to what was observed for GFI1BQ287* iPSC-derived megakaryocytes. Thus, GFI1B and LSD1 facilitate gene programs relevant for megakaryopoiesis while simultaneously repressing programs that induce myeloid differentiation.
Dynamics of bulk and surface oxide evolution in copper foams for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Yang Fan , Jiang Shan , Liu Si , Beyer Paul , Mebs Stefan , Haumann Michael , Roth Christina , Dau Holger
Published: March 2024

Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) materials exhibit extraordinary catalytic activities in the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which likely relates to non-metallic material constituents formed in transitions between the oxidized and the reduced material. In time-resolved operando experiment, we track the structural dynamics of copper oxide reduction and its re-formation separately in the bulk of the catalyst material and at its surface using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Surface-species transformations progress within seconds whereas the subsurface (bulk) processes unfold within minutes. Evidence is presented that electroreduction of OD-Cu foams results in kinetic trapping of subsurface (bulk) oxide species, especially for cycling between strongly oxidizing and reducing potentials. Specific reduction-oxidation protocols may optimize formation of bulk-oxide species and thereby catalytic properties. Together with the Raman-detected surface-adsorbed *OH and C-containing species, the oxide species could collectively facilitate *CO adsorption, resulting an enhanced selectivity towards valuable C2+ products during CO2RR.
Magneto-oscillatory localization for small-scale robots
Authors: Fischer F. , Gletter C. , Jeong M. , Qiu T.
Published: March 2024

Magnetism is widely used for the wireless localization and actuation of robots and devices for medical procedures. However, current static magnetic localization methods suffer from large required magnets and are limited to only five degrees of freedom due to a fundamental constraint of the rotational symmetry around the magnetic axis. We present the small-scale magneto-oscillatory localization (SMOL) method, which is capable of wirelessly localizing a millimeter-scale tracker with full six degrees of freedom in deep biological tissues. The SMOL device uses the temporal oscillation of a mechanically resonant cantilever with a magnetic dipole to break the rotational symmetry, and exploits the frequency-response to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio with sub-millimeter accuracy over a large distance of up to 12 centimeters and quasi-continuous refresh rates up to 200 Hz. Integration into real-time closed-loop controlled robots and minimally-invasive surgical tools are demonstrated to reveal the vast potential of the SMOL method.
Natural Products for Cosmeceuticals
Authors: Shah Kashvi C. , Verma Kashish , Trivedi Jeel D. , Mehta Shreeja H. , Kumar Sanjeev , Dhameliya Tejas M. , Kathuria Deepika
Published: March 2024

Natural cosmeceuticals are obtained from natural sources like plants, animals, microorganisms, etc. Acknowledgement of the various properties of natural cosmeceuticals, such as anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, anti-acne, hydrating, skin lightening, hair smoothening, emulsifying, exfoliating, fragrant, and surfactant, has led to an increase in the demand for natural cosmeceuticals over synthetic cosmetics in recent years. Natural cosmetics are employed in skin cosmetics, hair cosmetics, lip cosmetics, nail cosmetics, etc. Many surveys suggest that the need for natural cosmetics is going to rise hugely in coming years. This chapter is based on the importance and formulations of natural products used for the production of natural cosmeceuticals. Natural cosmetics possess the fewest side effects; however, a few of the natural ingredients used in cosmeceuticals cause allergic reactions. This chapter emphasizes the cosmetic products obtained from natural resources along with their benefits, history, economic value, and limitations.
Natural Products as Cosmeceuticals in Different Countries: A Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Agrawal Avantika , Chourasiya Sumit S.
Published: March 2024

The development of novel products that claim anti-aging, lightening, hair growth promoting, and other skincare effects is a contributing factor for the continuous growth of the cosmeceuticals market. The European Union (EU) and the United States of America are the world’s most established cosmetic markets. Regulations and certifications in these countries serve as a basis for other nations like Japan and China with more emerging cosmetic markets, though the latter are also now formulating their own regulations. India, which is also catching up with the growing cosmeceutical and cosmetic markets, has constructed its own rules and regulations, which are also now being revamped to take into consideration the natural and organic ingredients in cosmetic preparations. Almost all of the legislations of the leading cosmetic market holder nations have their own standards for defining cosmetics/natural cosmetics, licensing, labeling, safety, efficacy and stability studies. This book chapter discusses the regulatory aspects of natural products as cosmeceuticals from different nations.
Methods of Isolation, Characterization and Authentication of Essential Oils for Cosmetics
Authors: Nath Nibedita , Chakroborty Subhendu , Pal Kaushik
Published: March 2024

The cosmetic market is highly dependent on essential oils (EOs) because they not only give products that have nice smells but also serve as preservatives. Essential oils also possess many health benefits to the skin, hair and lips. Additionally, the revitalized market for natural components has greatly boosted interest in plant derivatives, particularly EOs, in the beauty and wellness sectors. Given the potential health dangers linked with artificial scent compounds, which are essential components of cosmetics, this has pushed well-known cosmetic companies to support natural fragrances and use minimally processed natural ingredients. Since the Middle Ages, EOs and their volatile components have been widely used in the pharmaceutical, sanitary, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industries as well as for anti-oxidant, therapeutic, and cosmetic purposes. This chapter covers the chemistry, methods of isolation, characterization, and authentication of EOs for use in cosmetic products.
The Wonders of Plant Secondary Metabolites as Cosmeceuticals
Authors: Shah P. , Soni Y. , Raval M. , Lunagariya N.
Published: March 2024

Mother-nature is full of biodiversity and chemo-diversity. The constantly growing cosmeceutical industry is in need of different natural products with cosmeceutical potential and is one of the frontiers in bioprospecting. Natural product-based cosmeceuticals have been used since ancient times. Plants contain various secondary metabolites, which have different pharmacological actions, responsible for their cosmeceutical potential. Due to the increase in consumer preference towards natural products over synthetic chemicals, a large number of secondary metabolites have been extensively studied for their cosmeceutical use. This chapter attempts to summarize some of the wonders of plant secondary metabolites used in the cosmeceutical industry.
Applications of Mushrooms in Cosmeceuticals
Authors: Fizza Chasheen , Khalid Waseem , Kausar Safura , Maqbool Zahra , Mukhtar Shanza , Ali Eman , Ajala Blessing Titylayo , Ahmad Muhammad Zeeshan , Irfan Muhammad
Published: March 2024

The cosmetic industry is constantly on the lookout for natural components or extracts with relevant bioactive qualities that may be used to create cosmeceutical formulations. Mushrooms have been extensively researched in terms of their nutritional value and therapeutic effects. They are a rich source of terpenoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, ergosterol and minerals, as well as vitamins. Because of their key components, they have also been explored for their cosmeceutical potential, although to a lesser extent. Many reports have shown the potential use of mushrooms or their extracts in cosmetic preparations owing to their anti-oxidant, anti-wrinkle, skin-whitening and hydrating properties. However, only limited exploration of mushroom species has been done, and further exploration is needed in the future. In this chapter, various examples of mushrooms have been discussed along with their potential cosmeceutical applications.
Nanotechnology for Cosmetics
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Kaur Mandeep , Kaur Kirtanjot , Sareen Shweta , Mutreja Vishal
Published: March 2024

In the present chapter, different types of nanomaterials used in various cosmetics have been discussed. Such materials can act as active components for antibacterial activity (such as silver nanoparticles), nanopigments for enhanced adsorption, and UV filters (zinc oxide nanoparticles). Furthermore, such nanomaterials can also be employed as nanocarriers, e.g. nanoliposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, metal-based nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles, or as formulations. All such aspects of these nanomaterials have been discussed in detail. Finally the pros and cons of such nanomaterials in cosmetics along with a conclusion have been provided in the last section.
A P–O functional group anchoring Pt–Co electrocatalyst for high-durability PEMFCs
Authors: Hu Sheng-Nan , Xu Wei-Cheng , Tian Na , Chen Su-Min , Li Meng-Ying , Shen Jun-Fei , Lin Jin-Xia , Guo Shuai-Long , Huang Xiao-Yang , Zhou Zhi-You , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: March 2024

The P–O functional group as a metal–support linkage suppresses effectively the migration and growth of nanoparticles, which endows PtCo/P2.73Ox–KB with remarkable durability in H2–air PEMFCs.
Electrochromic active matrix with plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Olsson Oliver , Gugole Marika , Blake Jolie C. , Chukharkin Maxim , Dahlin Andreas
Published: March 2024

Reflective pixels made by plasmonic metasurfaces and tuned by electrochromics exhibit significant potential to be used as flexible, polychromatic, electronic paper.
Fast carbon dioxide–epoxide cycloaddition catalyzed by metal and metal-free ionic liquids for designing non-isocyanate polyurethanes
Authors: Rebei Marwa , Červinka Ctirad , Mahun Andrii , Ecorchard Petra , Honzíček Jan , Livi Sébastien , Donato Ricardo K. , Beneš Hynek
Published: March 2024

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids are applied as all-in-one catalysts for the supercritical carbon dioxide–epoxide cycloaddition to produce β-hydroxyurethanes under mild conditions.
Supercoiled ring polymers under shear flow
Authors: Schneck Christoph , Smrek Jan , Likos Christos N. , Zöttl Andreas
Published: March 2024

We apply monomer-resolved computer simulations of supercoiled ring polymers under shear, taking full account of the hydrodynamic interactions, accompanied, in parallel, by simulations in which these are switched off.
Microorganism-derived extracellular vesicles: emerging contributors to female reproductive health
Authors: Moore Kaitlyn A. , Petersen Alyssa P. , Zierden Hannah C.
Published: March 2024

Extracellular vesicles from vaginal microorganisms mediate women's health outcomes and provide insight into new therapeutic options for gynecologic disease.
Asymmetric contact-induced selective doping of CVD-grown bilayer WS2 and its application in high-performance photodetection with an ultralow dark current
Authors: Mia Abdul Kaium , Meyyappan M. , Giri P. K.
Published: March 2024

Asymmetric lateral doping in CVD-grown bilayer WS2via contact engineering and its application for high performance photodetection.
Synthesis of some derivatives of 1,8-dioxo-octa-hydro xanthene and 9-aryl-hexahydro acridine-1,8-dione using metal ion-exchanged NaY zeolite as heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Niasar Faeze Namayandeh , Moradian Mohsen
Published: March 2024

This is a process for producing xanthene and acridine derivatives. It uses copper metal catalysts supported by de-alumination zeolite-NaY. The process is conducted in a single pot and solvent-free conditions and does not require toxic reagents.
Synthesis of graphite-based lead composites and modification of their physicochemical and electrochemical properties
Authors: Rozmanowski Tomasz , Krawczyk Piotr
Published: March 2024

A graphite intercalation compound exhibiting electrocatalytic activity associated with Pb and Fe catalysts was successfully prepared by a molten salt method.
Flexible & transparent breath sensor and conducting electrodes based on a highly interconnected Au nanoparticle network
Authors: Sneha Namuni , Kiruthika S.
Published: March 2024

The Au nanoparticle network synthesized via a liquid–liquid interface approach is used for fabricating transparent, flexible, and stretchable human breath sensing (humidity) devices.
Elucidating the degradation mechanisms of Pt-free anode anion-exchange membrane fuel cells after durability testing
Authors: Douglin John C. , Singh Ramesh K. , Yang-Neyerlin Ami C. , He Cheng , Yassin Karam , Miller Hamish A. , Pagliaro Maria V. , Capozzoli Laura , Carbo-Argibay Enrique , Brandon Simon , Ferreira Paulo J. , Pivovar Bryan S. , Dekel Dario R.
Published: March 2024

Cell deterioration over time is one of the most perplexing obstacles to long-term fuel cell performance. In this study, we employed both in situ and ex situ analytical approaches to investigate the deterioration mechanisms of state-of-the-art AEMFCs.
Enhanced catalytic oxidation of toluene over amorphous cubic structured manganese oxide-based catalysts promoted by functionally designed Co–Fe nanowires
Authors: Wang Jing , Wu Zhijun , Zhao Jinggang , Sun Ming , Ma Xiaoxun , Abudula Abuliti , Guan Guoqing
Published: March 2024

Manganese oxide with a special cubic structure grown on Co–Fe nanowire (NW)-coated nickel foam (Mn/Co–Fe/NF) was successfully fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method and applied as an efficient catalyst for the oxidation of toluene.
High-performance transparent hybrid (ionic and dielectric) gel actuator system based on poly(vinyl chloride)/dibutyl adipate/ionic liquid gels operating at a low applied voltage
Authors: Terasawa Naohiro , Monobe Hirosato
Published: March 2024

This study presents a transparent hybrid (ionic and dielectric) gel actuator system based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and ionic liquid (IL) gels with dibutyl adipate (DBA) as the plasticiser.
A new class of 7-deazaguanine agents targeting autoimmune diseases: dramatic reduction of synovial fibroblast IL-6 production from human rheumatoid arthritis patients and improved performance against murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Cotter Michelle , Quinn Shauna M. , Fearon Ursula , Ansboro Sharon , Rakovic Tatsiana , Southern John M. , Kelly Vincent P. , Connon Stephen J.
Published: March 2024

IL-6 production in treated human synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis patients has been utilised to select candidates from a targeted library of queuine tRNA ribosyltransferase (QTRT) substrates for subsequent in vivo screening in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Pt nanoparticles anchored by oxygen vacancies in MXenes for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Qin , Zhang Yue , Ke Changwang , Yang Weilin , Yue Jianshu , Yang Xiaofei , Xiao Weiping
Published: March 2024

Pt/MXene heterostructures were prepared by constructing oxygen vacancies on MXene to anchor Pt nanoparticles, which exhibited accelerated HER kinetics in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution due to the synergistic effect between MXenes and Pt nanoparticles.
Blue sensitive sub-band gap negative photoconductance in SnO2/TiO2 NP bilayer oxide transistor
Authors: Pandey Utkarsh , Pal Nila , Ghosh Arpan , Suman Swati , Biring Sajal , Pal Bhola N.
Published: March 2024

Large negative photoconductance (NPC) of SnO2/TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) heterostructure has been observed with thin film transistor (TFT) geometry and has been investigated using sub-bandgap light (blue) illumination.
Electrosprayed Eudragit RL100 nanoparticles with Janus polyvinylpyrrolidone patches for multiphase release of paracetamol
Authors: Zhou Jianfeng , Pan Hao , Gong Wenjian , Yu Deng-Guang , Sun Yuhao
Published: March 2024

Janus nanoparticles with soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone patches located on the insoluble Eudragit RL100 sides were prepared using a side-by-side electrospraying method and are demonstrated to provide biphasic release of paracetamol and in turn faster action and longer time periods of blood drug concentration for therapy.
Computational insights into the synergistic interplay of ligand and fluorine effects in palladium-catalyzed regiodivergent decarboxylative allylic alkylation
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Wu Hongli , Tang Xiangyang , Huang Genping
Published: March 2024

DFT calculations were performed to investigate palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of allyl difluoro-β-ketoesters. The synergistic effects of ligand and fluorine substituents on regioselectivity were uncovered.
Bimetallic Co–Mn catalysts for synergistic enhancement of VOC gas-sensing performance of ZnO hierarchical nanostructures
Authors: Qu Yuwei , Zhang Jun
Published: March 2024

The synergistic effect between bonding dissimilar metals is a very effective way to improve the performance of metal catalysts.
Exploitation of the multitarget role of new ferulic and gallic acid derivatives in oxidative stress-related Alzheimer's disease therapies: design, synthesis and bioevaluation
Authors: Hussain Fahad , Tahir Ayesha , Jan Muhammad Saeed , Fatima Noor , Sadiq Abdul , Rashid Umer
Published: March 2024

Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) inhibitors could decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, enhance mono-aminergic neural transmission, and have major therapeutic benefits for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Hypocretenolides: collective total syntheses and activities toward metastatic colon cancer
Authors: Chen Bolin , Zhang Xijing , Yang Yufen , Xu Dongdong , Wu Qianwei , Wang Shibo , Bao Shiqi , Zhang Xuemei , Ding Yahui , Wang Liang , Chen Yue
Published: March 2024

A concise and collective synthetic route to hypocretenolides was developed for the first time.
Improved point-of-care detection of P. gingivalis using optimized surface-enhanced Raman scattering in lateral flow assays
Authors: Kissell Lyndsay N. , Han Daewoo , Vang Der , Cikanek Alexander W. R. , Steckl Andrew J. , Strobbia Pietro
Published: March 2024

This work takes advantage of SERS–LFA combination to improve tests for P. gingivalis. We optimize the materials for the SERS–LFA, investigating different nanostars, and demonstrate feasibility for POC applications with a handheld Raman prototype.
Air-stable iron phosphide catalysts for electric field-assisted low-temperature ammonia synthesis
Authors: Maeda Ryuku , Sampei Hiroshi , Tsuda Tomohiro , Akiyama Hiromu , Mizutani Yuta , Higo Takuma , Tsuneki Hideaki , Mitsudome Takato , Sekine Yasushi
Published: March 2024

Catalytic reactions in an electric field for ammonia synthesis.
Pore-edge graphitic nitride-dominant hierarchically porous carbons for boosting oxygen reduction catalysis
Authors: Liu Lilai , Wu Youzheng , Wang Hui , Yang Xueying , Zhu Weirun , Ma Shuanshuan , Lu Xiangyu , Li Yaqiang , Ren Penghui , Yang Peixia , Li Ruopeng
Published: March 2024

The construction of pore structures at different scales (atomic defect and molecular porous structures) is the most promising method to achieve excellent ORR catalytic activity for carbon-based catalysts.
A resonance spacer cation-based heterostructure enables efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Deng Zijian , Yang Xichuan , Hou Qingning , Jiang Miao , Liang Huhu , Li Shukang , Zhai Mengde , Wang Haoxin , Cheng Ming , Zhang Li , Sun Licheng
Published: March 2024

Ammonium salts are essential low-dimensional perovskite materials and are synthesized by a protonation reaction, giving the amino group a positive charge.
Alkaline-earth-metal regulated metal carbides with bioinspired gradient OH spillover for efficient and long-lasting direct seawater electrolysis
Authors: Wu Huijuan , Zhao Zhenyang , Wang Mao , Zheng Weiqiong , Zhang Yiming , Wang Yinghan , Ma Tian , Zeng Zhiyuan , Cheng Chong , Li Shuang
Published: March 2024

Alkaline-earth-metal and Ru atom co-engineered catalysts with a gradient OH spillover pathway on metal carbide have been realized with retard formation of precipitates and efficient proton supply for efficient and long-lasting seawater electrolysis.
Innovative approaches for cancer treatment: graphene quantum dots for photodynamic and photothermal therapies
Authors: Zarepour Atefeh , Khosravi Arezoo , Yücel Ayten Necla , Çakır Hatır Pınar , Iravani Siavash , Zarrabi Ali
Published: March 2024

Recent advancements pertaining to the application of GQD-based nanosystems in photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapies are discussed, highlighting crucial challenges, advantages, and future perspectives.
Ordered growth of Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskites on PEIE-decorated SnO2 for efficient planar solar cells
Authors: Wang Wanjiang , Hou Linsong , Hu Haihua , Chang Binbin , Yuan Yuqi , Lin Ping , Wang Peng , Wu Xiaoping , Yu Xuegong , Xu Lingbo , Cui Can
Published: March 2024

Cs2AgBiBr6 films grown on PEIE-decorated SnO2 have a more ordered arrangement of cation occupancy with reduced defects, facilitated charge transport, and improved band alignment, thereby boosting the performance of planar solar cells.
Structured carbon nanotube–elastomer nanocomposites with a morphing–contact mechanism for an advanced underwater perception warning system
Authors: Deng Feng , Xiao Peng , Zhou Wei , Yang Qing , Chen Tao
Published: March 2024

A novel underwater sensor based on self-supported and supported elastic conductive thin films is rationally designed to realize high-sensitive sensing and danger alarming, showing significant potentials in smart underwater sensory and rescue devices.
Enhanced stability and tunable optoelectronic properties of silicon–carbon monolayers by strain and surface functionalization
Authors: Shu Huabing , Guo Jiyuan
Published: March 2024

Exploring novel two-dimensional carbon-based materials with superior properties is of special importance for applications in nano-optoelectronics.
Carbon-enveloped pea-shaped vanadium nitride nanorods for aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Luo Shijun , Cui Jianyang , Liang Shaojia , Guo Yan , Yuan Baohe , Xu Lei , Zheng Rui , Li Junming , Yang Wenpeng , Chen Menglin , Lu Yang , Luo Yongsong
Published: March 2024

AZIBs with VNC as the cathode electrode: as the reaction proceeds, H+ and Zn2+ undergo directional movement.
Improving the uniformity of the inkjet-printed polymer film in a bank by Marangoni flow and contact line sliding
Authors: Liu Xuelei , Lv Dong , Li Yinghan , Hou Saiyin , Yu Xinhong , Han Yanchun
Published: March 2024

Printed polymer films with higher film uniformity and device-performance were obtained by regulating the Marangoni flow and contact line sliding with co-solvents of different surface tension.
In memory of Professor Gilles Horowitz
Authors: Stingelin Natalie , Anthopoulos Thomas , Kim Hyeok , Tondelier Denis , Torsi Luisa , Videlot-Ackermann Christine
Published: March 2024

Guest Editors Natalie Stingelin, Thomas Anthopoulos, Hyeok Kim, Denis Tondelier, Luisa Torsi and Christine Vidot-Ackermann introduce this Journal of Materials Chemistry C collection in memory of Professor Gilles Horowitz.
Mutual information oriented deep skill chaining for multi‐agent reinforcement learning
Authors: Xie Zaipeng , Ji Cheng , Qiao Chentai , Song WenZhan , Li Zewen , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Yujing
Published: March 2024

Multi‐agent reinforcement learning relies on reward signals to guide the policy networks of individual agents. However, in high‐dimensional continuous spaces, the non‐stationary environment can provide outdated experiences that hinder convergence, resulting in ineffective training performance for multi‐agent systems. To tackle this issue, a novel reinforcement learning scheme, Mutual Information Oriented Deep Skill Chaining (MioDSC), is proposed that generates an optimised cooperative policy by incorporating intrinsic rewards based on mutual information to improve exploration efficiency. These rewards encourage agents to diversify their learning process by engaging in actions that increase the mutual information between their actions and the environment state. In addition, MioDSC can generate cooperative policies using the options framework, allowing agents to learn and reuse complex action sequences and accelerating the convergence speed of multi‐agent learning. MioDSC was evaluated in the multi‐agent particle environment and the StarCraft multi‐agent challenge at varying difficulty levels. The experimental results demonstrate that MioDSC outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods and is robust across various multi‐agent system tasks with high stability.
Fusing angular features for skeleton‐based action recognition using multi‐stream graph convolution network
Authors: Huang Qian , Liu Wenting , Shang Mingzhou , Wang Yiming
Published: March 2024

Distinguishing similar actions has been a challenging challenge in skeleton‐based action recognition. Since the joint coordinates in these actions are similar, it is difficult to accomplish the recognition task using traditional joint features. To address this issue, the use of angle features to capture subtle nuances in various body parts, along with a critical angle enhancement module that assigns weights to different angle feature representations for a given action are proposed, highlighting the critical angle feature representation. The approach is evaluated using a three‐stream ensemble method on three large action recognition datasets, NTU‐RGB+D, NTU‐RGB+D 120, and Kinetics‐400. The experimental results demonstrate that incorporating angular information can effectively complement joint and skeletal features, leading to improved recognition of similar actions and enhanced model performance and robustness.
High‐level decision‐making for autonomous overtaking: An MPC‐based switching control approach
Authors: Wang Xue‐Fang , Chen Wen‐Hua , Jiang Jingjing , Yan Yunda
Published: March 2024

The key motivation of this paper lies in the development of a high‐level decision‐making framework for autonomous
overtaking maneuvers on two‐lane country roads with dynamic oncoming traffic. To generate an optimal and safe decision
sequence for such scenario, an innovative high‐level decision‐making framework that combines model predictive control (MPC) and switching control methodologies is introduced. Specifically, the autonomous vehicle is abstracted and modelled as a switched system. This abstraction allows vehicle to operate in different modes corresponding to different high‐level decisions. It establishes a crucial connection between high‐level decision‐making and low‐level behaviour of the autonomous vehicle. Furthermore, barrier functions and predictive models that account for the relationship between the autonomous vehicle and oncoming traffic are incorporated. This technique enables us to guarantee the satisfaction of constraints, while also assessing performance within a prediction horizon. By repeatedly solving the online constrained optimization problems, we not only generate an optimal decision sequence for overtaking safely and efficiently but also enhance the adaptability and robustness. This adaptability allows the system to respond effectively to potential changes and unexpected events. Finally, the performance of the proposed MPC framework is demonstrated via simulations of four driving scenarios, which shows that it can handle multiple behaviours.
Exploration of Physical and Chemical Properties of Local Durians (Durio zibethinus Murr.) in Lahat District, South Sumatera
Authors: Herawati Neti , Pratama Filli , Tamrin  , Widowati Tri Wardani , Rosidah Umi
Published: March 2024

Exploration of physical and chemical properties of local durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) in Lahat District, South Sumatera, Indonesia was conducted on varieties of Kimsel, Naim and Caya from Pagar Jati village, Lahat district, Indonesia. The largest size among those durians was Kimsel variety followed by Naim and Caya varieties. The average weight of Kimsel, Naim and Caya variety were 2.711, 2.184 and 2.155 g, respectively. The height of the fruit was in the range of 19 to 21 cm with an average diameter of 17.68 to 18.15 cm. The spines of the Kimsel variety were thinner and sharper than Naim and Caya varieties. The average weight of the aril of Kimsel, Naim and Caya variety were 1.254, 1.444 and 1.745g, respectively. The weight of durian flesh of the Kimsel variety was 630g with 19 seeds in each fruit, whereas the flesh of the Naim variety was only 466g with 12 seeds, and Caya variety has the largest amount of durian flesh (645g) with 15 seeds. The measurement of Yellowness Index (YI) on durian flesh showed that the highest YI (46.3) was found in the Kimsel variety, followed by Naim variety (37.12) and Caya variety (32.77). The softest texture was found in the Kimsel variety, followed by Naim and Caya variety. Analysis of vitamin C showed that there was 28.16, 18.48, and 21.12mg/100g of vitamin C in Kimsel, Naim and Caya varieties, respectively. The highest protein content (2.32%) was in Caya variety followed by Naim (1.89%) and Kimsel variety (1.52%).
The Effect of Porang Coating Application and Storage Time on The Characteristics of Kintamani Siamese Oranges
Authors: Suriati Luh , Singapurwa Ni Made Ayu Suardani , Azmi Aida Firdaus Muhamad Nurul , Kobun Rovina , Putra I Wayan Widiantara , Putra Putu Ajus Raditya
Published: March 2024

Kintamani Siamese Orange is one of Indonesia’s leading fruits with a distinctive taste, sweet with a slight sourness. One of the efforts to increase the shelf life of Kintamani Siamese Orange is by coating using edible materials. The edible coating can be made using renewable natural materials, one of these natural ingredients is porang starch. Porang coating is a thin layer made from glucomannan porang tubers. The application of the coating is needed to improve the appearance and maintain the quality of Kintamani Siamese citrus fruits. The motive of this examination was to decide the impact of porang coating type and storage time on the characteristics of Kintamani Siamese orange. This observation used a factorial randomized group design with two treatment factors, namely the type of porang coating (without coating, coating, and nanocoating), and the storage time of oranges (5 days, 10 days, 15 days). The best characteristics of Kintamani Siamese Orange were obtained from the treatment of porang nanocoating application with criteria of fruit weight shrinkage value of 12.47%, acidity (pH) of 4.30, total dissolved solids of 15.77ºBrix, moisture content of 94.21%, vitamin C of 78.55 and the amount of damaged fruit of 20.00% up to 5 days storage.
OLIMPO: A balloon-borne SZE imager to probe ICM dynamics and the WHIM
Authors: Sayers J. , Avestruz C. , Thakur R. Basu , Battistelli E. , Bulbul E. , Cacciotti F. , Columbro F. , Coppolecchia A. , Cray S. , D’Alessandro G. , de Bernardis P. , De Petris M. , Hanany S. , Lamagna L. , Lau E. , Masi S. , Paiella A. , Pettinari G. , Piacentini F. , Rapaport E. , Rudnick L. , Zhuravleva I. , ZuHone J.
Published: March 2024

OLIMPO is a proposed Antarctic balloon-borne Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect (SZE) imager to study gas dynamics associated with structure formation along with the properties of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) residing in the connective filaments. During a 25 day flight OLIMPO will image a total of 10 z∼0.05 galaxy clusters and 8 bridges at 145, 250, 365, and 460 GHz at an angular resolution of 1.0′–3.3′. The maps will be significantly deeper than those planned from CMB-S4 and CCAT-P, and will have excellent fidelity to the large angular scales of our low-z targets, which are difficult to probe from the ground. In combination with X-ray data from eROSITA and XRISM we will transform our current static view of galaxy clusters into a full dynamic picture by measuring the internal intra-cluster medium (ICM) velocity structure with the kinematic SZE, X-ray spectroscopy, and the power spectrum of ICM fluctuations. Radio observations from ASKAP and MeerKAT will be used to better understand the connection between ICM turbulence and shocks with the relativistic plasma. Beyond the cluster boundary, we will combine thermal SZE maps from OLIMPO with X-ray imaging from eROSITA to measure the thermodynamics of the WHIM residing in filaments, providing a better understanding of its properties and its contribution to the total baryon budget.