bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proton therapy delivery method affects dose-averaged linear energy transfer in patients
Authors: Wilson Lydia J , Pirlepesov Fakhriddin , Moskvin Vadim , Li Zuofeng , Guo Yian , Li Yimei , Merchant Thomas E , Faught Austin M
Published: February 2021

The dosimetric advantages of proton therapy have led to its rapid proliferation in recent decades. This has been accompanied by a shift in technology from older units that deliver protons by passive scattering (PS) to newer units that increasingly use pencil-beam scanning (PBS). The biologic effectiveness of proton physical dose purportedly rises with increasing dose-weighted average linear energy transfer (LETD). The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which proton delivery methods affect LETD. We calculated LETD from simple, dosimetrically matched, and clinical treatment plans with TOPAS Monte-Carlo transport code. Simple treatment plans comprised single fields of PS and PBS protons in a water phantom. We performed simulations of matched and clinical treatment plans by using the treatment and anatomic data obtained from a cohort of children with craniopharyngioma who previously received PS or PBS proton therapy. We compared the distributions of LETD from PS and PBS delivery methods in clinically relevant ROIs. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests comparing single fields in water revealed that the LETD values from PBS were significantly greater than those from PS inside and outside the targeted volume (p < 0.01). Statistical tests comparing LETD-volume histograms from matched and clinical treatment plans showed that LETD was generally greater for PBS treatment plans than for PS treatment plans (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the proton delivery method affects LETD both inside and outside of the target volume. These findings suggest that PBS is more biologically effective than PS. Given the rapid expansion of PBS proton therapy, future studies are needed to confirm the applicability of treatment evaluation methods developed for PS proton therapy to those for modern PBS treatments to ensure their safety and effectiveness for the growing population of patients receiving proton therapy. This study uses data from two clinical trials: NCT01419067 and NCT02792582.
Dose-based optimisation for multi-leaf collimator tracking during radiation therapy
Authors: Mejnertsen Lars , Hewson Emily , Nguyen Doan Trang , Booth Jeremy , Keall Paul
Published: February 2021

Motion in the patient anatomy causes a reduction in dose delivered to the target, while increasing dose to healthy tissue. Multi-leaf collimator (MLC) tracking has been clinically implemented to adapt dose delivery to account for intrafraction motion. Current methods shift the planned MLC aperture in the direction of motion, then optimise the new aperture based on the difference in fluence. The drawback of these methods is that 3D dose, a function of patient anatomy and MLC aperture sequence, is not properly accounted for. To overcome the drawback of current fluence-based methods, we have developed and investigated real-time adaptive MLC tracking based on dose optimisation. A novel MLC tracking algorithm, dose optimisation, has been developed which accounts for the moving patient anatomy by optimising the MLC based on the dose delivered during treatment, simulated using a simplified dose calculation algorithm. The MLC tracking with dose optimisation method was applied in silico to a prostate cancer VMAT treatment dataset with observed intrafraction motion. Its performance was compared to MLC tracking with fluence optimisation and, as a baseline, without MLC tracking. To quantitatively assess performance, we computed the dose error and 3D γ failure rate (2 mm/2%) for each fraction and method. Dose optimisation achieved a γ failure rate of (4.7 ± 1.2)% (mean and standard deviation) over all fractions, which was significantly lower than fluence optimisation (7.5 ± 2.9)% (Wilcoxon sign-rank test p < 0.01). Without MLC tracking, a γ failure rate of (15.3 ± 12.9)% was achieved. By considering the accumulation of dose in the moving anatomy during treatment, dose optimisation is able to optimise the aperture to actively target regions of underdose while avoiding overdose.
Dissipative Josephson effect in coupled nanolasers
Authors: Fernández-Lorenzo Samuel , Porras Diego
Published: February 2021

Josephson effects are commonly studied in quantum systems in which dissipation or noise can be neglected or do not play a crucial role. In contrast, here we discuss a setup where dissipative interactions do amplify a photonic Josephson current, opening a doorway to dissipation-enhanced sensitivity of quantum-optical interferometry devices. In particular, we study two coupled nanolasers subjected to phase coherent drivings and coupled by a coherent photon tunneling process. We describe this system by means of a Fokker–Planck equation and show that it exhibits an interesting non-equilibrium phase diagram as a function of the coherent coupling between nanolasers. As we increase that coupling, we find a non-equilibrium phase transition between a phase-locked (PL) and a non-phase-locked (NPL) steady-state, in which phase coherence is destroyed by the photon tunneling process. In the coherent, PL regime, an imbalanced photon number population appears if there is a phase difference between the nanolasers, which appears in the steady-state as a result of the competition between competing local dissipative dynamics and the Josephson photo-current. The latter is amplified for large incoherent pumping rates and it is also enchanced close to the lasing phase transition. We show that the Josephson photocurrent can be used to measure optical phase differences. In the quantum limit, the accuracy of the two nanolaser interferometer grows with the square of the photon number and, thus, it can be enhanced by increasing the rate of incoherent pumping of photons into the nanolasers.
Observation of heat scaling across a first-order quantum phase transition in a spinor condensate
Authors: Liang H-Y , Qiu L-Y , Yang Y-B , Yang H-X , Tian T , Xu Y , Duan L-M
Published: February 2021

Heat generated as a result of the breakdown of an adiabatic process is one of the central concepts of thermodynamics. In isolated systems, the heat can be defined as an energy increase due to transitions between distinct energy levels. Across a second-order quantum phase transition (QPT), the heat is predicted theoretically to exhibit a power-law scaling, but it is a significant challenge for an experimental observation. In addition, it remains elusive whether a power-law scaling of heat can exist for a first-order QPT. Here we experimentally observe a power-law scaling of heat in a spinor condensate when a system is linearly driven from a polar phase to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase across a first-order QPT. We experimentally evaluate the heat generated during two non-equilibrium processes by probing the atom number on a hyperfine energy level. The experimentally measured scaling exponents agree well with our numerical simulation results. Our work therefore opens a new avenue to experimentally and theoretically exploring the properties of heat in non-equilibrium dynamics.
Multiple-band terahertz perfect light absorbers enabled by using multiple metallic bars
Authors: Lou Pengcheng , He Yuanhao , Zhu Huaxin , Zhang Xiangyang , Hu Lian , Wang Ben-Xin
Published: February 2021

Triple-band terahertz metamaterial absorber with near 100% absorption is suggested in this paper. It is designed by two different lengths of Au bars and an Au substrate separated by an ultra-thin thickness of dielectric spacer. Three separated resonance absorption peaks (labeled A, B, and C) with narrow bandwidths and high absorption rates are realized. The first two peaks A and B are ascribed to the fundamental modes of the two Au bars, respectively, whereas the excitation of 3-order response in the longer Au bar results in the peak C. The field distributions of peaks A, B, and C are provided to verify their mechanisms. Independent frequency modulation of the three peaks (with slight change of absorption strength) can also be achieved, which is different from previous works that changes in parameters affect all absorption peaks. Further structure optimization allows for more absorption peaks, such as quad-band or penta-band. These suggested light absorbers could be designed for potential applications in terahertz technology related fields.
A Two-stage Deep Learning Detection Classifier for the ATLAS Asteroid Survey
Authors: Chyba Rabeendran Amandin , Denneau Larry
Published: February 2021

In this paper we present a two-step neural network model to separate detections of solar system objects from optical and electronic artifacts in data obtained with the “Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System” (ATLAS), a near-Earth asteroid sky survey system. A convolutional neural network is used to classify small “postage-stamp” images of candidate detections of astronomical sources into eight classes, followed by a multi-layered perceptron that provides a probability that a temporal sequence of four candidate detections represents a real astronomical source. The goal of this work is to reduce the time delay between Near-Earth Object (NEO) detections and submission to the Minor Planet Center. Due to the rare and hazardous nature of NEOs, a low false negative rate is a priority for the model. We show that the model reaches 99.6% accuracy on real asteroids in ATLAS data with a 0.4% false negative rate. Deployment of this model on ATLAS has reduced the amount of NEO candidates that astronomers must screen by 90%, thereby bringing ATLAS one step closer to full autonomy.
Pedestal stability analysis on MAST in preparation for MAST-U
Authors: Knolker M. , Osborne T. , Belli E. , Henderson S. , Kirk A. , Kogan L. , Saarelma S. , Snyder P.B.
Published: February 2021

In preparation for the upcoming MAST-U campaign, pedestal stability of spherical tokamaks is revisited by investigating standard H-mode discharges on MAST. As a step beyond previous studies, both ion and electron profiles are used for obtaining equilibria and a diverse set of pedestals is evaluated. Stability analysis with the ELITE and CGYRO codes shows that MAST pedestals are constrained by kinetic ballooning modes and medium toroidal mode number peeling-ballooning modes, with most unstable modes ranging from n = 25 to n = 45. In discharges with a steep q profile at the edge a larger number of poloidal harmonics is excited for each toroidal mode. A comparison with discharges on DIII-D with matched shape and similar non-dimensional parameters indicates that the increased shear at lower aspect ratio stabilizes low n peeling modes.
Gender and Career Choice Behaviour: Social Cognitive predictors of persistence in Construction Education
Authors: Akinlolu Mariam , Haupt Theo C.
Published: February 2021

This study applied the Social Cognitive Career Theory to determine the factors that influence student’s persistence in construction programs in the South African Context. The study further explores the possible differential validity of SCCT variables for men and women. A survey of 108 conveniently sampled South African undergraduate students, including 48 women and 60 men, enrolled in construction-related programs was conducted. The samples were drawn from student cohorts enrolled in construction management, civil engineering, property development, land surveying, building and quantity surveying. To test for gender differences in the degree of relationship between persistence and the socio-cognitive variables(predictors), the Fisher z test was performed by testing for differences in correlation coefficients between groups. Stronger relationships between persistence and social supports was found for women compared to men. Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, learning experiences and social supports were the most salient predictors for both men and women in construction programs.
Assessment of the mitigating measures for cost overruns in the South African construction industry
Authors: Morena M , Amoah C
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the causes of cost overruns and cost management methods to minimize cost overruns in the South African construction industry. The methodology used is a quantitative approach. Closed-ended and open-ended survey questions were used to gather data from 130 construction professionals, of which, 74 completed questionnaires were returned. The data received were analyzed by making use of both a computer programme called Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and a content analysis method. The findings from the study revealed that the most common and significant causes of cost overruns were changes in the scope of work, decision making, planning, the inadequate experience of contractors, an increment of material prices, provision of weather conditions, unskilled labour, late design and lack of coordination. The findings also indicate the effects of cost overruns as disputes claims, extension of time, reduced profit to the contractor, and bad public relations. The study has identified cost management methods that can reduce cost overruns in the South African construction industry as effective planning, accurate estimate, tracking status of the project, use of scheduling tools, an inspection of works, communication, site meetings, proper methods of construction and evaluation of work completed. This study, therefore, suggests that all construction professionals must be equipped with factors of cost overruns in order to implement the correct measures to minimise cost overruns.
Eliciting project managers’ perceptions regarding economic sustainability incorporation on construction projects: a Bloemfontein case study
Authors: Sinxadi L , Awuzie BO
Published: February 2021

The operationalization of sustainable construction [SC] practice poses a challenge in South Africa. Seemingly, there is an overt concentration on some SD dimensions during decision-making by project managers. Yet, successful operationalization requires the incorporation of all SD dimensions in an integrated manner with trade-offs made to accommodate project peculiarities. To date, a paucity of literature eliciting perspectives of project management professionals within Bloemfontein on the consideration of economic sustainability in SC practice has been observed. This study seeks to explore the perspectives and understanding of project managers on economic sustainability and to identify the factors influencing the prioritization of economic sustainability aspects to secure satisfactory trade-offs. A qualitative case study research design using semi-structured interviews was used to elicit data from a purposively selected sample of project managers working within Bloemfontein. Qualitative content analysis (QCA) was utilized for data analysis. Findings confirmed that although project managers have an appreciable level of understanding concerning economic sustainability in SC, they lacked an understanding of how to motivate for its prioritization when compared to environmental and social dimensions. It is expected that these studies’ findings will contribute to the growing literature on the incorporation of sustainability dimensions within the construction projects.
Evaluating the health and safety practices for the delivery of building energy retrofit projects in South Africa
Authors: Okorafor C , Haupt T C
Published: February 2021

Implementing energy upgrades in buildings will bring about economic gains, while enhancing social wellbeing and engendering sustainable development. However, building energy upgrades encompass additional considerations and requirements in terms of processes, materials, and expertise, technology and health and safety practices. All these factors constitute complexities in the delivery of the project. In addressing this problem; the paper presents how stakeholders understand health and safety issues in the delivery of projects amongst South African service providers. The case-based study highlighted the health and safety issues, and solutions concerning the methodologies that are appropriate in enhancing the conditions.
Measuring the performance of construction contracts with regard to the environment
Authors: Trtílek P , Hanák T
Published: February 2021

Performance measurement of business processes is a necessary prerequisite for efficiency improvement. The increasing demand for enhanced environmental protection in construction is also reflected in recent performance measurement systems. This paper aims to review various systems used for performance measurement in construction contracts and to discuss current developments in this area. Findings show that the importance of environmental protection is growing as the sustainability approach is becoming more common. In the construction industry, green and sustainable criteria are becoming an integral part of responsible entities’ considerations and strategies for reducing energy consumption and handling construction materials responsibly (e.g., by means of recycling/re-use), considering the high material intensity of construction production.
Risk Analysis and Flood Hazard Assessment in the Hornád River Basin
Authors: Zeleňáková M , Šugareková M , Purcz P , Gałaś S , Portela M M , Hlavatá H
Published: February 2021

The paper focuses on assessing the effects of floods on selected components of the environment in the Hornád river basin: the impact of floods on population, water conditions, soil, fauna, flora and their habitats, structure and use of land and landscape, protected areas and their protection zones, the territorial system of ecological stability, urban complexes and land use, cultural and historical heritage, cultural values of an intangible nature, and archaeological and paleontological sites and important geological localities. The assessment was performed using the risk analysis method. The risk index was calculated by summing the products of probabilities and consequences for each impact of flooding on the components of the environment, and the total value of the risk index is 5.5 (average risk). The hazard index was determined by quantification of industrial sources of pollution in the river basin: each source of pollution was assigned a point score; the total hazard is represented by the sum of the points for these sources of pollution, and is equal to 19. The total risk index is then represented by the product of the risk and hazard indices, i.e. 104.5. This value indicates a low level of flood damage risk in the Hornád river basin.
Analysis and Discussion on Operation Stability of Urban Sewage Treatment Plant
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: February 2021

Based on the acceleration of the development of the national economy and the overall progress of urbanization, the discharge of domestic sewage has increased significantly, and the characteristics of domestic sewage within each city are significantly different. Therefore, the design and operational stability of urban sewage treatment plants are proposed higher requirements. In this case, the urban domestic sewage treatment plant should follow the basic principles of adapting measures to local conditions, taking into account the characteristics of domestic sewage drainage and water quality in different areas to ensure the rationality of the sewage treatment process design and the safer and more stable subsequent operations. Based on this, the article takes the urban domestic sewage treatment plant as the main research object, and focuses on the related content of its operational stability.
Negative charged functional groups play important role in Al transport from environment to plant root outer layer cells
Authors: Li Zhigen
Published: February 2021

Aluminium in acid soils is highly toxic to plants and expresses negative impact on environment and agricultural production. Understanding its distribution and transport from environment to plant cells especially root cell walls is significant in reducing its phytotoxicity. In the present study, two varieties of wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) ES8 and ET8 with different Al tolerance were examined using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The spectra results showed that the negative charged functional groups polysaccharide and carboxyl were observed at the wheat roots outer cellular layers. These charged functional groups provided binding sites for free Al3+ ions from the environment. And the supply of negative charges by these groups is probably one of the important reasons of high Al accumulation at plant root cell walls.
PVA/graphene Aerogels With High Mechanical Strength
Authors: Zhao Yan , Xing Guangjian , Li Zhenyu , Zhao Ya’nan , Yu Chenrui , Liu Qingjun , Zhao Chang
Published: February 2021

In this study, graphene aerogels with high mechanical strength were successfully prepared by effectively doping graphene aerogels with different proportions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The structure of the as-prepared aerogels was studied by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The result indicated that the aerogels show a three-dimensional network-like structure and PVA has been successfully incorporated into graphene aerogels. The mechanical properties of the graphene aerogels doped with different proportions of PVA were tested, indicating that the PVA/GAs can support 7000 times of its own weight and its maximum compressive stress can be up to 400 KPa.
Application of Microbiotechnology in Ecological Restoration of Mines
Authors: Zhang Cheng Yin
Published: February 2021

Recently, the research of microbiology and geology has achieved extensive development, and the application of microbiotechnology in mining-related fields has become more common. Based on this, the paper takes microbiotechnology as the main research topic with focus on its specific application in ecological restoration of mines, hoping to help.
Principles and Skills of Product Design to Promote Green Behavior
Authors: Yueh-Te Cheng
Published: February 2021

Promoting green behavior through product design is a simple way to reduce human impact on the environment. Based on Design for Sustainable Behavior and Behavior Theory, this study aims to propose design principles and techniques to effectively promote green behavior, and take household appliances as the empirical object of research, and introduce Analytical Hierarchy Process to overcome the problem in multi-criteria decision making of choosing the best design principles and skills under limited resources. The empirical results show that “Design for Green Behavior of Perceived Behavioral Control” is the key to promote energy-saving behavior of household appliances. Relevant designers can consider the weight value of the research results, and effectively design products to promote green behavior.
Practice of generation-grid-load-storage interactive transaction considering clean energy consumption
Authors: Fan Jie , Li Xuesong , Chen Hao , Jiang Yu , Wang Shizhen , Cao Xiaojun
Published: February 2021

Jiangsu power exchange center Co., Ltd. actively researches and develops the generation-grid-load-storage interactive trading considering clean energy consumption from the perspective of provincial situation, network situation and market ecology. On the one hand, in view of the future development trend of power grid with the source-grid-load-storage interaction, this paper analyzes the main market exchange demand, puts forward the generation-grid-load-storage power market transaction platform architecture, and expounds the functional module deployment. On the other hand, the Internet is used to collect large-scale and scattered clean energy, energy storage facilities and demand side resource trading demand. Based on the traditional main power market, the paper proposes a sinking market that meets the incentive compatibility principle and promotes the active and deep interaction of regional market entities, three new interactive trading varieties of source grid load and storage, and an overbooking algorithm of air tickets. This paper carry out practice in Huai’an (Jinhu) and Suzhou, and organize formal transaction and settlement.
The Structure Design And The Flow Field Analysis Of The Gas-Liquid Separation Cyclone
Authors: Rui Yang , Lei Zhang , Lv Chao j , Baojin Zhu
Published: February 2021

This paper introduces the structural characteristics and working principle of the gas-liquid cyclone separation device, and explores the laws of changing of gas volume fraction distribution, velocity field and pressure drop with or without a thimble in the underflow port and under different thimble shapes. The separation efficiency of gas-liquid separator reaches 80% after adding a thimble. At the same time, indoor experiments fully verified that the pressure loss is greater and the speed increases after changing the shape of the thimble to a truncated cone shape. Truncated cone thimble helps the dense liquid move to the sidewall and the low density gas gathers toward the central axis. And the distribution of internal fluid makes the treatment effect of degassing more superior.
Start-up performance and optimization of the stirring wind-heating system
Authors: Chen Lingchong , Ma Xinxia , Xie Hongzhen , Li Yongguang , Liu Jiahao , Liu Dong
Published: February 2021

The stirring wind-heating system uses natural wind as the power to drive the wind turbine so that the wind turbine directly drives the heater to stir the liquid to generate heat. Therefore, the mechanical energy is directly converted into heat energy. The start-up process is a crucial step for the regular operation of the stirring wind-heating system. To optimize the start-up performance of the stirring wind-heating system, its structure is improved in this work. In the system, the flexible connection is realized by using the torque-limited hydraulic coupling instead of the mechanical shaft connection. The torque characteristic is the characterization of the start-up performance of the system. Therefore, the stirring wind-heating test-bed was designed. Taking the torque in the starting process as the primary research object, the start-up performance of different schemes of the system was tested respectively under different working conditions, such as stirring speed, angular acceleration, and liquid-filled content of the heater. After improving the connection structure of the system, the starting torque is reduced from 2.2, 4, and 7.2 N·m to 0.68, 0.9, and 1.46 m, respectively, which optimizes its starting performance.
Research on Network Loss of Distributed Energy Integration into Power System
Authors: Xu Qingfeng , Gao Peng , Chao Tong
Published: February 2021

At present, the integration of clean energy into the grid has led to excessive network losses. This paper proposes a method for optimizing clean energy power generation parameters. In view of the random characteristics of intermittent renewable energy power generation such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation, the maximum likelihood estimation method is used to optimize the clean energy power generation model parameters. Then, a P-Q equation based on the integration of clean energy into the system was established. Finally, the simulation verified that the optimized power generation model effectively reduces the grid loss.
Research on evaluation system of power market operation under Energy Internet
Authors: Wang Shaoran
Published: February 2021

As the market transaction involves the interests of all aspects of the power industry, it is an important problem for the market operation to ensure the healthy and stable operation of the market. Market operation analysts are faced with a complex set of data - grid parameters, market rules, transaction data, background of market participants and other relevant information. Therefore, a set of scientific and quantitative analysis methods are urgently needed to help them understand the market operation situation, find out the existing problems and predict the market trend, so as to ensure the healthy operation of the market.
Study on Microscopic Distribution Law of Remaining Oil after Polymer Flooding based on Polymer Flooding Control Degree
Authors: Zhao Ya-jie
Published: February 2021

There are many factors that affect the distribution of remaining oil after polymer flooding, and different geological conditions, production methods and production systems will affect the distribution characteristics of remaining oil. In this paper, the control degree parameters of polymer flooding are used to quantitatively measure the remaining proportion of four types of microscopic residual oil after polymer flooding, namely cluster, membrane, blind end and corner, and it is concluded that different types of microscopic residual oil have different reduction ranges after polymer flooding. The microscopic remaining oil distribution law of different displacement intensity positions at high, medium and low levels is summarized. After polymer flooding, the remaining oil distribution is more concentrated, and the oil saturation in the remaining oil-rich area is higher, which is distributed in strips and sheets. The main enrichment areas of remaining oil are near faults and sandstone pinchouts. The residual oil for polymer drive has a limited effect, and the development difference in the subsequent water drive stage still exists.
Latest Trends of Atmospheric Cells under Global Warming
Authors: Liu Ruizhe
Published: February 2021

Four atmospheric cells, Hadley cell, Ferrel cell, polar cell and walker cell, was introduced and latest trends of Hadley cell and Walker cell was given in this paper. From previous studies, a significant intensification of the Hadley cell is shown statistically by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Reasearch(NCEP/NCAR), NCEP1 and the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast(ECMWF) Re-analyses(ERA40). In contrast, no clear change in the period is shown in the NCEP2 reanalysis while great differences of the structure of the Hadley cell from ECMWF and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses are shown. A poleward expansion and strong weakening of the Hadley cell was found given the increased greenhouse gas(GHG) forcing. the inhomogeneous sea surface temperature(SST) change has become the most important factor on interannual timescales. The stronger Hadley cell will happen when the more central Pacific El Niño events happen. The stronger the Walker cell is, the more frequently the eastern Pacific El Niño events occur. In this paper, the changes of the cells under global warming are discussed. Global warming may cause the width of the Hadley cell to increase, exacerbating global warming in turn. Stronger Walker cell lead El Niño happens more frequently, doing harm to agriculture production
Variation characteristics of surface temperature in Dianchi Lake Basin in recent 20 years
Authors: Liu Shuang , Luo Yi , Li Kexin , Shang Chunxue
Published: February 2021

The ecological environment of the earth has changed with the development of economy. These changes also have an impact on human’s life. We can know that the average annual temperature in the Dianchi Lake Basin has shown an upward trend in the past 20 years through the analysis of temperature changes in the Dianchi Lake Basin. In the four seasons, there are various degrees of sudden changes, especially in autumn, the temperature rising trend is the most significant, and there is a downward trend in winter but the downward trend is not obvious. From the analysis of monthly average temperature data, it can be seen that the temperature is rising except for April and August, and the rising trend is also obvious in October, November and December.
Analysis of the Effects of Rainfall and Groundwater on the Activities of the Baibaoshan Fault
Authors: Hong Li
Published: February 2021

The Babaoshan fault is one of the main faults in Beijing area. The cross-fault leveling in Niukouyu segment of the fault has been well monitored for many years. At the same time, rainfall and groundwater have obvious influence on leveling data. Based on the qualitative analysis of fault activity reflected by the change of EW direction leveling of Niukouyu segment from 1992 to 1998, a three-dimensional fault model is established to quantitatively explore the weakening effect of rainfall and groundwater on fault activity.
Integration of Voxel Models with GeoSOT-3D Grids based on Coordinate Matching
Authors: Lu Chang , Guo Xian , Jiang Jie
Published: February 2021

Virtual Geographic Environments (VGEs) are proposed as a new generation of geographic analysis tool to contribute to human understanding of the geographic world and assist in solving geographic problems at a deeper level. Aiming at providing virtual scenarios that correspond to the physical world, it is of vital importance to implement geographic modeling and simulations in a proper way. Voxel model is one of widely used raster model for VGEs but generally described in local coordinate system which makes it difficult to be integrated with real geographic locations. To solve this problem, we proposed a method to integrate voxel model with a global grid model GeoSOT so as to establish the correlation between the voxel models and the real geographic locations. The space geometry relationship between voxel and GeoSOT grid was defined and the formula for transforming voxel models into GeoSOT grid was designed. A 3D visualization prototype system was developed based on the proposed method with a 3D building point cloud dataset as modelling objects. Experimental results showed that our method can implement the positioning, meshing expression and visualization of voxel models and verifies the effectiveness of the method proposed. Our method will provide an alternative solution for virtual geographic modeling.
Study on crustal activity in Tengchong volcano area
Authors: Yang Yunfei , Li Jinping
Published: February 2021

By constructing GNSS deformation rate, strain and stress mathematical relationship model; On this basis, the strain and stress data of the Tengchong volcanic area and surrounding areas were calculated through the deformation rate data; Based on the comprehensive analysis of the above data, it was found that: The underground magma sac in Tengchong volcanic area might be in the expansion period; From a macro point of view, the dynamic basis of the crustal deformation in the Tengchong volcanic area was mainly due to the fact that the material on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was squeezed by the South China Plate during the eastward flow of materials; And turning to the Yunnan-Burma active masses in the southwest direction, the crust of the Tengchong volcanic area showed a north-south extension and east-west compression.
Numerical Investigation on the Barrier Dam Risk Caused by Landslide-A Case Study on Caijiaba Landslide
Authors: Nianchang ZENG , Bolong LIU , Junning XIE
Published: February 2021

To research the risk of barrier dam induced by landslide, Caijiaba landslide was studied as an example in the present study. The burst risk was assessed as well. To begin with, the region scope of quasi-landslide was obtained by stability calculation. Then the landslide process is analyzed by Partical Flow Code (PFC3D). On the basis of the numerical simulation results, the forming mechanism and motion characteristics of the barrier dam were analyzed. Subsequently, the Classical assessment model was employed to evaluate the burst risk of the barrier dam. Numerical results show that the highest body reaches 68.1 m. As a result, the riverway will be blocked by the debris, forming a weir dam. In addition, the body shape along upstream resembles a wedge. The fastest part of the sliding body is 8 m/s, and some of the debris flow stay on the hill still.
Exploration on the selection of Engineering Project coordinate system based on "Integration of multiple regulations"
Authors: Yong LEI , Lihui WANG , Zhu CHEN , Chuanjian REN , Zhihong WANG
Published: February 2021

In order to avoid the problem that the side length projection deformation value is too large in the process of "multi-gauge in one" coordinate system selection, different coordinate system methods are adopted for planning drawings and engineering construction respectively. In the process of planning, CGCS2000, is comprehensively adopted in the project construction, and the independent coordinate system of the central city of Bijie City is comprehensively adopted. By means of surveying and mapping technology, the connection between the two coordinate systems is established to meet the different needs of the natural resources system and the engineering construction department on a small scale. Under the premise of ensuring the quality and safety of the project construction, it meets the requirements of the Ministry of Natural Resources, and lays a solid surveying and mapping foundation for "multi-regulation integration".
Temporal and Spatial Evolution Characteristics Analysis of Beijing Land Subsidence Based on InSAR
Authors: Muhetaer Nijiati , Yu Jie , Wang Yanbing , Yue Jiabao
Published: February 2021

Land subsidence is one of the main geological disasters in the Beijing Plain. Accurate and quantitative monitoring of the evolution of land subsidence will help scientifically guide the prevention and control of land subsidence. We use PS-InSAR technology and TerraSAR 3m resolution images as our data source to study the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of Beijing’s land subsidence from 2012 to 2015. The research indicates that, from a spatial perspective, the land subsidence presents a funnel shape, the central area of the settlement funnel is maintained at 112.5km², and the total land subsidence area remains basically unchanged. From the temporal point of view, the central area of the ground subsidence funnel subsides at a rate of 110mm/y, the ground subsidence rate in other areas decreases as it far away from the settlement center.
General Relativity Testing in Exoplanetary Systems
Authors: Gou Xirui , Pan Xinyue , Wang Le
Published: February 2021

In this work discuss the possibility of testing GR with a high degree of accuracy by observing the precession of perihelia in extrasolar planetary systems. Two approaches of measuring perihelion precession of exoplanets are considered- the radial velocity (RV) method and the transit method. In RV, the orbital parameters can be determined by fitting the observed RV curve, which is the reflex motion induced by the orbiting planet. In transit, the time separation of primary and secondary transits is observed to examine the precession. However, the secondary transits are generally week and difficult to be observed, with amplitudes usually less than 1ppm. Therefore, RV method is more feasible in this study. Focusing on the RV method, we creatively derive an analytic formula dAr = Ke sinf(ω) dω for evaluating the sensitivity of precession. To demonstrate the detectability, we simulate RV curves for the selected exoplanets and fit the synthetic data. We found that GR effect can be detected in ten years in some promising systems, with an assumption of the host stars being inactive (without any intrinsic noise) and the precision of RV instruments achieving 0.1m/s. Although successful testing of GR in exoplanetary systems depends on ideal situations as stated above, we will be able to verify the GR precession in near future, considering the rapidly increasing population of discovered exoplanets and the improvement in precision of detecting instruments.
Research on Airport Foundation Settlement Deformation Monitoring Based on Gene Expression Programming
Authors: Guanming Guo
Published: February 2021

As the carrier of the aviation industry, the airport is developing rapidly with the rapid development of the national economy and the overall progress of the society. With the aviation industry as the first industry in Jiangxi’s strategic emerging industries, Jiangxi is giving full play to the foundation and advantages of the aviation industry to make the aviation industry better, stronger and bigger. Currently, Jiangxi is vigorously constructing the third-phase expansion project of Nanchang Changbei International Airport, Ruijin Airport, Yingtan Airport, Fuzhou Airport, etc. During the construction of these airports, the geological conditions are relatively complex, and a large number of excavation and filling works are required, and the height of the excavation and filling body is relatively high. As a result, it is difficult to control the settlement and differential settlement of the foundation after construction, which brings great difficulty to the construction of the project. The foundation engineering under the complex environmental conditions of the airport is a complex system engineering, and its foundation settlement and stability are affected by many factors. This article will take the third-phase expansion project of Nanchang Changbei International Airport as an example, using gene expression programming technology to predict the settlement and deformation of the airport foundation, and relying on training data to obtain high-precision prediction models with high intelligence and rapidity.
Antagonistic properties and biocompatibility as important principles for development of effective and biosafety probiotic drugs
Authors: Mukhammadiev Rish S , Mukhammadieva A S , Skvortsov E V , Mukhammadiev Rin S , Glinushkin A P , Valiullin L R
Published: February 2021

Antagonistic properties and peculiarities of inter-strain interactions of probiotic microorganisms were investigated. The study of the antagonistic activity of probiotic strains was carried out by the methods of perpendicular strokes (or delayed antagonism) and the diffusion method (block modification) in relation to opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms. Most probiotic strains had moderate to high antagonistic activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. The results obtained allowed us to select the most active strains, namelyL. plantarum AS-41, L. acidophilus A-14, B. subtilis S-2andB. subtilis S-18, which have a high probiotic potential. To assess biocompatibility, the method of co-cultivation of the selected strains on a modified agar MRS medium was used. The strains that showed biocompatibility of the type “mutual neutrality” or “contact progression” were selected to create a consortium of probiotic microorganisms. Further study of the investigated strains of probiotic bacteria opens up the possibilities of their use for the manufacture of a combined preparation for veterinary purposes, for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of farm animals.
Status and prospects of breeding of cultivated species of Lupin in Russia
Authors: Yakovenko G L , Lukashevisn M I , Ageeva P A , Novik N V , Zakharova M V
Published: February 2021

The article describes the types of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.), narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) cultivated in Russia. Easn of them has its own biological snaracteristics, differs in the length of the growing season, grain quality, yield, adapted to certain soil and climatic conditions and does not exclude one another. Among the cultivated species, white lupine has the highest yield potential (6-7 t / ha), the grain quality is close to soy and exceeds it in productivity and protein collection per unit area. Selection of these species is carried out in the all-Russian researsn Institute of Lupin. The directions of selection and the gene pool for their implementation are shown. The article describes some varieties included in the State register of breeding asnievements of the Russian Federation. The world collection of VIR, as well as its own hybrid and mutant material, is widely used as the source material for the selected traits. The introduction of new varieties of white, yellow and narrow-leaved lupine into the Russian feed production systems will increase the production of sneap, environmentally friendly feed protein, reduce the import of expensive genetically modified soy protein components, and increase the efficiency of domestic livestock production.
Biological and ecological agrolandscapes patterns of the South Eastern Siberia
Authors: Trofimov I A , Kosolapov V M , Trofimova L S , Yakovleva E P
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of agro-landscape and ecological zoning of the East Siberian natural and economic region. Zoning was performed at the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology on the basis of the methodology developed by the authors. The East Siberian natural and economic region includes the republics of Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia, Zabaykalsky and Krasnoyarsk territories, and Irkutsk region. The total area of the territory of Eastern Siberia is 415504.2 thousand hectares. Agricultural land occupies about 6% of the area of the East Siberian natural and economic district, of which 2% is arable land, 4% is hay and pasture. On the territory of Eastern Siberia, which occupies about a quarter of the territory of Russia, there are 10 lowland zones and subzones (Arctic, Arctic Tundra, Tundra and Forest Tundra, North Taiga, Middle Taiga, South Taiga, Larch Forest, Forest-Steppe, Steppe and Dry-Steppe) and Mountain territories. There are 22 lowland and 12 mountain provinces, 49 lowland and 42 mountain districts within the zones. Agro-landscapes of Eastern Siberia are formed mainly in the South of the region in Forest-Steppe and Leaf-Forest, Steppe and Dry-Steppe zones, which are developed in agriculture. There are the main areas of agriculture.
Danger of phytoplasma diseases for fodder crop cultivation
Authors: Bogoutdinov D , Girsova N , Kastalyeva T
Published: February 2021

In a number of Russian regions phytoplasma diseases can be of great importance in the cultivation of forage crops. Nevertheless, phytoplasma diseases are still often considered as a result of the action of abiotic or other factors. The aim of the research was to monitor the distribution of different groups of phytoplasmas on cultivated and wild-growing species of promising forage plants in different regions of Russia. The material for the research was freshly cut or dried parts of cultivated and wild plants with symptoms of phytoplasma infection, collected in different regions of Russia. To detect and identify phytoplasmas, PCR and RFLP analysis were used. Seven genetic groups of phytoplasmas: 16Srl, 16SrII, 16SrIII, 16SrVI, 16SrXII, 16SrXIV and 16SrX were identified in 47 species of plants from 18 families, including 24 (51%) species of cultivated and 23 wild plant species collected in 17 administrative units of the Russian Federation. The greatest harm phytoplasma diseases cause on wheat and barley cultivated for grain fodder, Russian bromegrass, alfalfa, clover and other legumes, sugar and fodder beets, potatoes, as well as fruits used for animal feed. The harmfulness of phytoplasma diseases increases in areas to the south of the Middle Volga region and in dry years. This should be taken into account when developing regional recommendations for the cultivation of forage crops.
Using Si-rich materials for increasing fodder grass quality and quantity
Authors: Wei X , Zhang P , Matichenkov V V , Bocharnikova E A , Demin D V , Sevostianov S M
Published: February 2021

Improvement of forage quality is one of the essential issues to enhance livestock productivity. Bahiagrass is a popular fodder plant used as pasture species and for hay production, but it lacks the nutritional quality. In greenhouse experiment, the effect of silicon (Si) (calcium silicate and amorphous silicon dioxide) and nitrogen (ammonium nitrate) supplementation on bahiagrass growth and protein content was evaluated. Both types of fertilizers significantly increased the biomass and crude protein content in leaves of bahiagrass. Higher effect was obtained when Si was applied together with nitrogen. The increases were 78 to 100% for biomass and 57 to 59% for crude protein content. Considering that improved plant Si nutrition mitigates the negative effects of biotic and abiotic stresses, the Si involvement into fertilizer management strategy in fodder crops could be efficient for maintaining productivity and quality.