bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Art of Survival: Tourism Businesses in Thailand Recovering from COVID-19 through Brand Management
Authors: Pongsakornrungsilp Siwarit , Pongsakornrungsilp Pimlapas , Kumar Vikas , Maswongssa Bhuritt
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to employ the existing theory on crisis management and corporate branding in a service context to explore how tourism businesses in Thailand can recover from the crisis caused by the impact of COVID-19. To manage the impact of COVID-19, the concepts of crisis management from different scholars are integrated, and crisis management is divided into three phases: the Pre-Crisis, Crisis, and Post-Crisis phases. This exploratory research employs stakeholder interviews to discover the impacts of COVID-19 on tourism businesses and attempts to develop guidelines for recovering tourism businesses within the service context. Our findings indicate that a strong brand and its proper management can help firms to survive during the crisis period. Moreover, our findings highlight the importance of communication for engaging with all staff during the recovery period. This paper sheds light on how a brand is employed as a proactive strategy to mitigate the impacts of the crisis. Most brands have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and only strong brands are able to survive. Our study also adds to the limited empirical evidence on tourism business recovery during COVID-19 in the context of a developing country. From practitioners’ perspectives, trust, solid relationships, and honest communication with their business partners play an important role in survival after the crisis. Additionally, in this paper, corporate branding is conceived as a strategic tool that affects how staff and stakeholders can collaborate and unite in response to the crisis.
Analysis of the Environmental Effects of the Clean Heating Policy in Northern China
Authors: Chen Siyu , Chi Hong
Published: June 2021

This article estimates the impact of the “Clean Heating Plan in Northern China (2017–2021)” on air quality improvement. It is a significant policy to promote the clean heating rate in Northern China, while there is limited research into its effects. We used a difference-in-difference model to qualify the effects of this policy on the “2 + 26” cities. For this, we controlled factors such as economy, energy use, afforestation level, and weather. We found that: (1) the clean heating plan makes the “2 + 26” cities’ AQI index, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 significantly decrease; (2) the concentrations of SO2 and CO increase. After adjusting the treatment group and control group, the results are still robust. We believe that the rise of SO2 is due to the shortage of natural gas supply in the 2017–2018 heating season in China, which led to the blockage of clean heating. Therefore, in promoting clean heating in Northern China, it is necessary to strengthen the estimation of heating demand, fully consider the energy structures of different regions, and implement the “reform by gas”.
Resiliency-Oriented Optimization of Critical Parameters in Multi Inverter-Fed Distributed Generation Systems
Authors: Alali Mohammad , Shahooei Zagros , Bahramipanah Maryam
Published: June 2021

In the modern power grid, with the growing penetration of renewable and distributed energy systems, the use of parallel inverters has significantly increased. It is essential to achieve stable parallel operation and reasonable power sharing between these parallel inverters. Droop controllers are commonly used to control the power sharing between parallel inverters in an inverter-based microgrid. In this paper, a small signal model of droop controllers with secondary loop control and an internal model-based voltage and current controller is proposed to improve the stability, resiliency, and power sharing of inverter-based distributed generation systems. The distributed generation system’s nonlinear dynamic equations are derived by incorporating the appropriate and accurate models of the network, load, phase locked loop and filters. The obtained model is then trimmed and linearized around its operating point to find the distributed generation system’s state space representation. Moreover, we optimize the critical control parameters of the model, which are found using eigenvalue analysis, and Grey Wolf optimization technique. Through time-domain simulations, we show that the proposed method improves the system’s resiliency, stability, and power sharing characteristics.
Adoption of ICTs in Agri-Food Logistics: Potential and Limitations for Supply Chain Sustainability
Authors: Vernier Cédric , Loeillet Denis , Thomopoulos Rallou , Macombe Catherine
Published: June 2021

A major challenge of Sustainable Development Goal 12 “Responsible Consumption and Production” is to reduce food losses along production and supply chains. This is particularly critical for fresh food products, due to their perishable and fragile nature, which makes the coordination of the actors all the more crucial to avoid wastes and losses. The rise of new technologies, referred to as “Industry 4.0” powered by the internet of things, big data analytics and artificial intelligence, could bring new solutions to meet these needs. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) allow for frequent exchanges of huge amounts of information between actors in the agrofood chains to coordinate their activities. The aim of the chapter is to provide a state-of-the-art analysis on ICTs used in agrofood supply chains, with a special focus on the case of fresh fruits and vegetables, to analyze the potential and weaknesses which exist in different forms of supply chains for ICTs becoming a “resource” (precious, rare, non-imitable, and nonsubstitutable) prospect and to suggest promising ICTs in this context.
The Influence of the CEO on Auditor Choice in Private Firms: An Interplay of Willingness and Ability
Authors: Corten Maarten , Steijvers Tensie , Lybaert Nadine , Coeckelbergs Céline
Published: June 2021

Reliable financial reporting is highly important when aiming for sustainable development and the long-term financial stability of the entire economy. An external audit is one of the main monitoring mechanisms to warrant this reliability. While auditing serves as an independent monitoring mechanism towards management, studies indicate that management is often the driving force behind auditor appointments and terminations, especially if it is willing to drive auditor choice. While this raises questions about an auditor’s independence and resulting audit quality, willingness will only have an impact when management is also able to exert its will. This study, therefore, examines to what extent ability strengthens the CEO’s willingness to appoint a non-Big Four auditor. Using a dataset of 316 private firms, regression results show that when the CEO is willing to appoint a non-Big Four auditor and also has sufficient power, it is less likely that a Big Four auditor is actually appointed, at least when the control effectiveness of the board is weak such that the CEO can exert his/her power. This emphasizes the need for both shareholders and legislators to ensure that the independence of the auditor is guaranteed and to implement complementary monitoring mechanisms like a strong board.
Environmental Behaviors of Procymidone in Different Types of Chinese Soil
Authors: Zhang Shuguang , Li Lianshan , Meng Ge , Zhang Xu , Hou Lina , Hua Xiude , Wang Minghua
Published: June 2021

Procymidone is a widely used fungicide in the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases on many crops in China. Part of the procymidone will enter the soil during the application process. Procymidone may exhibit environmental behavior diversity in different soils. Therefore, it is extremely important to clarify the environmental behavior of procymidone in soil for its environmental safety evaluation. Here, the degradation, adsorption, and mobility behaviors of procymidone in four typical types of Chinese soil were investigated for the first time. The half-lives of procymidone in the soils ranged from 14.3 d to 24.1 d. The degradation rates of procymidone in the soils were promoted by organic matter content, moisture content, and microorganisms. Furthermore, the degradation of procymidone on the soil surface was promoted by light. The desorption rates of procymidone in laterite soil, yellow brown soil, black soil, and chestnut soil were 27.52 ± 0.85%, 16.22 ± 0.78%, 13.67 ± 1.29%, and 7.62 ± 0.06%, respectively, which were contrary to the adsorption ability. The mobility order of procymidone in the soils was: laterite soil > yellow brown soil > black soil > chestnut soil, with the Rf values of 0.28, 0.22, 0.18, and 0.16, respectively. Three degradation products of procymidone were identified by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the degradation pathway of procymidone in the soil was speculated. The results will provide a theoretical basis for the removal of procymidone in the soil environment.
A Method of Evaluating Apple Juice Adulteration with Sucrose Based on Its Electrical Properties and RCC Model
Authors: Banach Joanna Katarzyna , Żywica Ryszard
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to identify possibilities of controlling basic quality attributes (total soluble solids, organic acids, density, pH) and assessing the adulteration of natural dissociating solids with sucrose in apple juice produced from Malus domestica Borkh, var. Cortland, Idared, and Lobo (family Rosaceae Juss), using electrical parameters (conductivity Z, Y; capacity Cp, Cs) and the RCC equivalent electrical model. The feasibility of employing electrical parameters was established based on correlations between selected quality attributes of apple juices varying in sucrose contents in the extract TSSConc (0%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%) and their electrical parameters measured in a frequency range of 100 Hz to 100 kHz. The significant (p ≤ 0.01) correlations obtained between the selected physicochemical parameters of juice (TSSConc, OA) and electrical properties point to the feasibility of using them as an alternative quality assessment method to the reference methods (refractometric or potentiometric titration) used by the external supervising bodies. The electrical parameters (including Z100Hz and Y100Hz) measured in the RCC model can, in the future, aid the design of a simple tool for the quantitative determination of apple juice adulteration with sucrose. They also encourage further research of this electrical method as an alternative to traditional analytical methods for evaluating the authenticity or adulteration of commercial fruit juices with sucrose or other sweetening agents.
Assessing Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Models for Predicting Groundwater Quality in a River Basin of South India
Authors: Jenifer M. Annie , Jha Madan Kumar , Khatun Amina
Published: June 2021

India is the largest consumer of groundwater in the world, and it suffers from a groundwater crisis due to the overexploitation of groundwater and the deterioration of its quality at an alarming rate. Rapid urbanization, a growing population, and mismanagement are major driving forces behind these groundwater issues. Thus, increasing problems of water scarcity and water-quality deterioration threaten the sustainability of the water supply. This necessitates the development of novel approaches to assess prevailing groundwater quality scenarios at a large scale, which can help protect this vital freshwater resource from contamination. In this study, for the first time, the effectiveness of three Geographical Information System (GIS)-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) models (i.e., ‘Unit Weight’, ‘Rank Sum’, and ‘Analytic Hierarchy Process’) was explored for predicting groundwater quality in a river basin of Southern India. The seasonal concentrations of groundwater quality parameters, viz., Cl−, TDS, TH, F−, NO3−-N, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, and SO42−, were considered for generating their thematic layers. Each thematic layer was classified into suitable feature classes based on the WHO guidelines for drinking water. The thematic layers and the feature classes of individual groundwater quality parameters were assigned relative weights according to the theories of the three MCDA models mentioned above. These thematic layers were then aggregated in GIS to develop Groundwater Quality Index (GQI) maps of the study area for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Furthermore, the accuracy of the developed GQI maps was validated using relative operating characteristic curves. The results of the validation indicated that the GIS-based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model outperformed with prediction accuracies of 71.4% in the pre-monsoon season and about 85% in the post-monsoon season. However, the performances of the Unit Weight and Rank Sum models were found to be average with prediction accuracies varying from 68% to 63% and 64% to 68%, respectively. Thus, the GIS-based AHP model can serve as a reliable scientific tool for predicting seasonal groundwater quality at a river basin scale. It can be very helpful to the policymakers for devising viable management strategies for groundwater protection as well as for ensuring a sustainable water supply.
A Tale of Three Excellent Chinese EFL Teachers: Unpacking Teacher Professional Qualities for Their Sustainable Career Trajectories from an Ecological Perspective
Authors: Chu Wenxiu , Liu Honggang , Fang Fan
Published: June 2021

Teachers’ quality has long been researched in the field of general education. However, little attention has been paid to the professional qualities of excellent English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in the context of English curriculum reform, especially from an ecological perspective. To address this gap, this study adopted a qualitative approach to characterise the qualities of excellent senior high school EFL teachers in China and the development of their professional qualities using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems model. Four interconnected dimensions of excellent EFL teachers’ professional qualities were confirmed: English language pedagogical content competence, beliefs about the foreign language teaching profession and professional ethics, beliefs about foreign language teaching and learning, and beliefs about language teacher learning and development. Meanwhile, the EFL teachers constructed and developed their professional qualities in their dynamic interaction with the complex ecological systems where they lived. The paper considers these various teacher-related factors in the ecological systems and provides some suggestions for sustaining EFL teachers’ professional development.
The Role of Co-Creating Value and Its Outcomes in Higher Education Marketing
Authors: Nguyen Lien Thi Kim , Lin Tom M. Y. , Lam Hoang Phuong
Published: June 2021

This study examines the role of student co-creation behavior in contributing to student satisfaction, perceived university image, and student positive word of mouth (WOM). Using a sample of 513 students from a Taiwanese university and conducting partial least squares structural equation modeling, the findings indicate that co-creating value is critical to student satisfaction, university image, and positive WOM. The results also show the effect of student satisfaction and university image on student positive WOM. This study confirms the pivotal role of student participation in co-creating value in enhancing satisfaction with the university experience, creating and sustaining a positive image, and building the credibility of the university. This research is particularly important to higher education institutions because it has practical implications for decision-makers, brand managers, and HE marketers who wish to improve understanding of the relationship between the university and students in the process of co-creating value and its outcomes.
Plastics as an Educational Resource for Sustainable Development: A Case Study in Ghana
Authors: Parejo José-Luis , Corton-Heras María-O , Nieto-Blanco Alba , Segovia-Barberan Cristina
Published: June 2021

The world is going through a climate crisis that is severely impacting the environment and the well-being of the population. The increased consumption of plastics, especially in developing countries, is generating an exponential rise in plastic waste. This article introduces a qualitative investigation in the form of a case study, with data derived from an educational project focused on plastics as a vehicle for environmental education. This project was implemented with a group of 50 children from a Ghanaian school. Our results reveal that the students acquired a high level of knowledge of plastic and its properties, made possible by an active, globalizing, experimental methodology. This knowledge was later reinforced through the fabrication of materials for learning and play made of recycled plastic waste. Through this project, the participating students practiced critical and democratic global citizenship aimed at creating a sustainable world through an ecological perspective.
Main Problems of Cooperation Management: Insights from Slovak Companies
Authors: Holubčík Martin , Soviar Jakub
Published: June 2021

The paper deals with the topic of the cooperation management in the Slovak business environment. We closely investigated the cooperation relations among the companies from 2012 to 2015. The major findings related to problems which impede effective cooperation, creation of synergies, and competitive advantages. As specific problems, we identified inefficient and insufficient cooperation among educational institutions and companies; low quality of supplier-customer relationships; potential risks and issues that may occur later on in cooperation; unsuitable approach to setting goals, tools, and methods for effective cooperation; etc. We also identified main criteria considering the importance for an effective and beneficial cooperation: mutual trust, adherence to contractual requirements, and benefit from the cooperation, which were defined as the best possible result with respect to the expectations about the cooperation. We focus exactly on these criteria in the discussion (among others), where we use them as a basis for the recommendations which will prevent the identified problems.
A Self-Adaptive Reinforcement-Exploration Q-Learning Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Lieping , Tang Liu , Zhang Shenglan , Wang Zhengzhong , Shen Xianhao , Zhang Zuqiong
Published: June 2021

Directing at various problems of the traditional Q-Learning algorithm, such as heavy repetition and disequilibrium of explorations, the reinforcement-exploration strategy was used to replace the decayed ε-greedy strategy in the traditional Q-Learning algorithm, and thus a novel self-adaptive reinforcement-exploration Q-Learning (SARE-Q) algorithm was proposed. First, the concept of behavior utility trace was introduced in the proposed algorithm, and the probability for each action to be chosen was adjusted according to the behavior utility trace, so as to improve the efficiency of exploration. Second, the attenuation process of exploration factor ε was designed into two phases, where the first phase centered on the exploration and the second one transited the focus from the exploration into utilization, and the exploration rate was dynamically adjusted according to the success rate. Finally, by establishing a list of state access times, the exploration factor of the current state is adaptively adjusted according to the number of times the state is accessed. The symmetric grid map environment was established via OpenAI Gym platform to carry out the symmetrical simulation experiments on the Q-Learning algorithm, self-adaptive Q-Learning (SA-Q) algorithm and SARE-Q algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has obvious advantages over the first two algorithms in the average number of turning times, average inside success rate, and number of times with the shortest planned route.
Heisenberg–Weyl Groups and Generalized Hermite Functions
Authors: Celeghini Enrico , Gadella Manuel , del Olmo Mariano A.
Published: June 2021

We introduce a multi-parameter family of bases in the Hilbert space L2(R) that are associated to a set of Hermite functions, which also serve as a basis for L2(R). The Hermite functions are eigenfunctions of the Fourier transform, a property that is, in some sense, shared by these “generalized Hermite functions”. The construction of these new bases is grounded on some symmetry properties of the real line under translations, dilations and reflexions as well as certain properties of the Fourier transform. We show how these generalized Hermite functions are transformed under the unitary representations of a series of groups, including the Heisenberg–Weyl group and some of their extensions.
Three Generic Policies for Sustained Market Growth Based on Two Interdependent Organizational Resources—A Simulation Study and Implications
Authors: Schaffernicht Martin F. G.
Published: June 2021

This article addresses the generic dynamic decision problem of how to achieve sustained market growth by increasing two interdependent organizational resources needed (1) to increase and (2) to sustain demand. The speed and costs of increasing each resource are different. Failure to account for this difference leads to policies that drive a quick increase of demand followed by decline. Three generic policies derived from the literature have been implemented in a system dynamics model. Simulation shows that they all can generate sustained exponential growth but differ in performance: even policies criticized in the literature for provoking overshoot and collapse can drive sustained growth. This leads to questions for further research regarding (1) the set of generic policies and its structure and (2) concerning the reasoning of human decision-makers when choosing between such policies and the salience of important but easily overlooked features of the decision situation.
Combined Effect of Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (Pcv2) on Inflammatory Cytokine mRNA Expression
Authors: Gu Chao , Gao Xiuge , Guo Dawei , Wang Jiacai , Wu Qinghua , Nepovimova Eugenie , Wu Wenda , Kuca Kamil
Published: June 2021

A host’s immune system can be invaded by mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) poisoning and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections, which affect the host’s natural immune function. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, are important regulators in the process of natural immune response, which participate in inflammatory response and enhance immune-mediated tissue damage. Preliminary studies have shown that DON promotes PCV2 infection by activating the MAPK signaling pathway. Here, we explored whether the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6, induced by the combination of DON and PCV2, would depend on the MAPK signaling pathway. Specific pharmacological antagonists U0126, SP600125 and SB203580, were used to inhibit the activities of ERK, JNK and p38 in the MAPK signaling pathway, respectively. Then, the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in PK-15 cells was detected to explore the effect of the MAPK signaling pathway on IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA induced by DON and PCV2. The results showed that PK-15 cells treated with DON or PCV2 induced the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The combination of DON and PCV2 has an additive effect on inducing the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6. Additionally, both DON and PCV2 could induce the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 via the ERK and the p38 MAPK signal pathways, while PCV2 could induce it via the JNK signal pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that MAPKs play a contributory role in IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression when induced by both DON and PCV2.
Intra- and Cross-Species Transmission of Astroviruses
Authors: Roach Shanley N. , Langlois Ryan A.
Published: June 2021

Astroviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect mammalian and avian species. In humans, astrovirus infections are one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in children. Infection has also been linked to serious neurological complications, especially in immunocompromised individuals. More extensive disease has also been characterized in non-human mammalian and avian species. To date, astroviruses have been detected in over 80 different avian and mammalian hosts. As the number of hosts continues to rise, the need to understand how astroviruses transmit within a given species as well as to new host species becomes increasingly important. Here, we review the current understanding of astrovirus transmission, the factors that influence viral spread, and the potential for cross-species transmission. Additionally, we highlight the current gaps in knowledge and areas of future research that will be key to understanding astrovirus transmission and zoonotic potential.
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Cats and Its Prevalence among Veterinarian Staff Members in Nagasaki, Japan
Authors: Ando Tsuyoshi , Nabeshima Takeshi , Inoue Shingo , Tun Mya Myat Ngwe , Obata Miho , Hu Weiyin , Shimoda Hiroshi , Kurihara Shintaro , Izumikawa Koichi , Morita Kouichi , Hayasaka Daisuke
Published: June 2021

In this study, we investigated severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) infection in cats in Nagasaki, Japan. In total, 44 of 133 (33.1%) cats with suspected SFTS were confirmed to be infected with SFTSV. Phylogenetic analyses of SFTSV isolates from cats indicated that the main genotype in Nagasaki was J1 and that unique reassortant strains with J2 (S segment) and unclassified genotypes (M and L segments) were also present. There were no significant differences in virus growth in cell cultures or fatality in SFTSV-infected mice between the SFTSV strains that were isolated from recovered and fatal cat cases. Remarkably, SFTSV RNAs were detected in the swabs from cats, indicating that the body fluids contain SFTSV. To evaluate the risk of SFTSV infection when providing animal care, we further examined the seroprevalence of SFTSV infection in veterinarian staff members; 3 of 71 (4.2%) were seropositive for SFTSV-specific antibodies. Our results provide useful information on the possibility of using cats as sentinel animals and raised concerns of the zoonotic risk of catching SFTSV from animals.
Development and Application of a SWMM-Based Simulation Model for Municipal Scale Hydrologic Assessments
Authors: Dell Tyler , Razzaghmanesh Mostafa , Sharvelle Sybil , Arabi Mazdak
Published: June 2021

There is growing interest for the installation of green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) to improve stormwater control, increase infiltration of stormwater, and improve receiving water body quality. Planning level tools are needed to inform municipal scale decisions on the type and extent of GSI to apply. Here, a modified methodology is developed for the EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to create SWMM for Low Impact Technology Evaluation (SWWM-LITE) that enables municipal scale assessment of stormwater control measure (SCM) performance with minimal input data requirements and low processing time. Hydrologic outputs of SWMM-LITE are compared to those for SWMM and the National Stormwater Calculator (SWC) to assess the performance of SWMM-LITE. Three scenarios including the baseline without SCMs and the installation of varying SCMs were investigated. Across the three scenarios, SWMM-LITE estimates of annual average hydrologic performance (runoff, infiltration, and evaporation) were within +/−0.1% of estimates from a rigorously developed SWMM model in the City of Fort Collins, CO, for an evaluation of 30 years of continuous simulation. Analysis conducted for 2 year (y), 10 y, and 100 y storm events showed less than +/−2.5% difference between SWMM and SWMM-LITE hydrologic outputs. SWC provided reasonable estimates of hydrologic parameters for the case study area, but was designed for site level analyses of performance of SCMs rather than on the municipal scale. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the most sensitive parameters were primarily consistent for the SWMM-LITE and the complete SWMM. SWMM-LITE has low input data requirements and processing time and can be applied for assessing the hydrologic performance of SCMs to inform planning level decisions.
Estimating Surface and Groundwater Irrigation Potential under Different Conservation Agricultural Practices and Irrigation Systems in the Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Yimam Abdu Y. , Assefa Tewodros T. , Sishu Feleke K. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Reyes Manuel R. , Prasad P.V. Vara
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted at the Dangishta watershed in the Ethiopian highlands to evaluate irrigation potential from surface and groundwater sources under different farming and water application systems. Daily streamflow and the groundwater table were monitored from 2015 to 2017. Shallow groundwater recharge was estimated using the water table fluctuation method. Automated baseflow separation techniques were used to determine the amount of runoff and baseflow from the total streamflow records. The potential of groundwater and runoff to sustain dry season irrigation (i.e., low flow) was evaluated considering two tillage systems (i.e., conservation agriculture, CA; and conventional tillage, CT), and water application (i.e., drip and overhead) systems for major irrigated crops (i.e., onion, garlic, cabbage, and pepper) grown in the Dangishta watershed. We found that the annual groundwater recharge varied from 320 to 358 mm during the study period, which was about 17% to 22% of the annual rainfall. The annual surface runoff depth ranged from 192 to 268 mm from 2015 to 2017. The results reveal that the maximum seasonal irrigable land from groundwater recharge was observed under CA with drip irrigation (i.e., 2251 and 2992 ha from groundwater recharge and surface runoff, respectively). By comparison, in the CT practice with overhead irrigation, the lowest seasonal irrigable land was observed (i.e., 1746 and 2121 ha from groundwater and surface runoff, respectively). From the low flow analysis, about 199 and 173 ha of one season’s irrigable land could be irrigated using the CA and CT systems, respectively, both with drip irrigation. Similarly, two-season overhead irrigation potential from low flow under CA and CT was found to be about 87 and 76 ha, respectively. The dry season irrigable land using low flow could be increased from 9% to 16% using the CA system for the various vegetables, whereas drip irrigation could increase the irrigable land potential by 56% compared to overhead irrigation. The combined use of groundwater recharge and runoff could sustain up to 94% of the dry season low flow irrigation through the combination of the CA system and drip irrigation. Decision makers must consider the introduction of feasible and affordable technologies to make use of groundwater and direct runoff, to maximize the potential of dry season production through efficient and appropriate CA and water management practices.
A Perspective for Best Governance of the Bari Canyon Deep-Sea Ecosystems
Authors: Angeletti Lorenzo , D’Onghia Gianfranco , Otero Maria del Mar , Settanni Antonio , Spedicato Maria Teresa , Taviani Marco
Published: June 2021

There is growing awareness of the impact of fishery activities on fragile and vulnerable deep-sea ecosystems, stimulating actions devoted to their protection and best management by national and international organizations. The Bari Canyon in the Adriatic Sea represents a good case study of this, since it hosts vulnerable ecosystems, threatened species, as well as valuable commercial species, but virtually lacks substantial management plans for the sustainable use of resources. This study documents the high level of biodiversity of the Bari Canyon and the impact of human activities by analyzing remotely operated vehicle surveys and benthic lander deployments. An integrated socio-economic study provides information on fishing pressure in the Bari Canyon and in the surrounding areas. Finally, measures of conservation, protection, and management are discussed and suggested for this remarkable site in the context of the deep Mediterranean Sea.
Development of a Multi-Methodological Approach to Support the Management of Water Supply Systems
Authors: de Araujo Wanderbeg C. , Oliveira-Esquerre Karla P. , Sahin Oz
Published: June 2021

The benefits provided by a model of system dynamics are directly related to its correct construction. One of the main challenges in the process of building such models is that they must be able to effectively represent a specific problematic situation. Thus, the main objective of this study is to develop a multi-methodological approach, adapting the problem structuring method of strategic options development and analysis (SODA) in the initial stage of the system dynamics (SD) model. The role of each of them clearly represents the contribution of this study: the SODA in the structuring (representation) phase of the problem and proposition of alternatives and the SD in the evaluation phase of these alternatives. To illustrate its application, the multimethodological approach developed was used to simulate scenarios considering management strategies, and the various variables affecting a water supply system, including population growth, in order to evaluate more “assertive” water management strategy(s) that could have been adopted to address the water crisis (2012–2017) and analysis future scenarios. The results show that, based on the vision of specialists with enough experience for the case studied, it was possible to structure the problem, and therefore propose a set of strategies (alternatives), which were: water loss control, wastewater reuse, application of more efficient tariffs to reduce water waste, inter-basin water transfer, and awareness regarding the use of water resources. After the survey of alternatives, scenarios were simulated considering these water management strategies. Simulation results showed that actions taken on the demand side would only be effective for a short period of water scarcity, (for example, the impact of the scarcity-based tariff on water consumption reduction). For severe drought scenarios and with a water producing system heavily dependent on rainfall, such action would no longer be efficient. However, water supply management-oriented strategies, e.g., inter-basin water transfers (PISF) and wastewater reuse, are highly effective in securing water supply and preventing water supply collapse in the region. The development of this multi-methodological approach is expected to be useful to support managers in the decision-making and implementation of water management strategies.
Degradation of Trimethoprim Using the UV/Free Chlorine Process: Influencing Factors and Optimal Operating Conditions
Authors: Wang Bing , Zhang Qi , Fu Yongdi , Ran Zhilin , Crittenden John C. , Zhang Weiqiu , Wang Haipei
Published: June 2021

Trimethoprim (TMP) is a pharmaceutical compound, which is commonly found in the water environment. The UV/chlorine process forms several reactive species, including hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and reactive chlorine species, to degrade contaminants. The influencing factors and the optimal operational conditions for the degradation of TMP by the UV/chlorine process were investigated. The degradation of TMP was much faster by the UV/chlorine process as compared to the UV alone or free chlorine alone process. A kinetic model was developed to simulate the degradation of TMP and determine the unknown rate constants. This study also predicted the relative contributions of each of the reactive species and photolysis using the developed kinetic model. It was found that the ClO• radical was the major reactant responsible for the degradation of TMP. Furthermore, the most important finding was the identification of the best operational conditions. The best operational conditions resulted in the lowest use of energy and electrical energy per order (EE/O), namely, (1) for the ultrapure water, the optimum intensity of the UV light and the free chlorine dosage were 2.56 Einstein/L·s and 0.064 mM, respectively, with a minimum EE/O of 0.136 kWh/m3; and (2) for the water matrix containing 3 mg/L NOM, the optimum intensity of the UV light and the free chlorine dosage were 3.45 Einstein/L s and 0.172 mM, respectively, with a minimum EE/O of 0.311 kWh/m3.
Formation of the personnel reserve: world practice and Russian reality
Authors: Zakablukovskiy Evgeniy Viktorovich , Surovenkova Nataliya Nikolaevna
Published: June 2021

The article offers an overview of various approaches to the management succession pool, taking into account international and local theory and practice. In medical institutions, both Western and Russian, various methods of identifying, developing and retaining personnel are practiced for the purpose of talent developing and forming a succession pool. The authors highlight the integral experience of the Greater Volga District Medical Center of the FMBA of Russia, which practices both forming an exclusive list of employees to fill vacant executive positions, as well as applying inclusive methodology for creating the relevant environment for talent development in the framework of the socalled «horizontal career» approach.
Need and opportunities for professional education of nursing specialists
Authors: Karaseva Larisa Arkadievna
Published: June 2021

The task of educating health care professionals is to create an educational and experimental base to support practice, education, management, research, and theory development in order to preserve and improve the health of the population. The article summarizes the principles of education that contribute to the professional growth of specialists, ensuring the safety and competence of medical care by improving nursing practice.
Formation of principles of teaching phthisiology in an evolutionary aspect before the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Amosova Evgeniya Andreevna , Borodulin Boris Evgenievich , Vdoushkina Elizaveta Sergeevna , Kalinkin Andrey Viktorovich , Akhmerova Tatyana Efimovna , Eremenko Ekaterina Pavlovna
Published: June 2021

The experience of the Department of Phthisiology and Pulmonology in the evolutionary aspect for 50 years is presented. The periods of the formation of teaching principles (1972-1988), the period of changes associated with restructuring in the country and changes in the health care system (1990-2010), the period after 2010 as a time of high achievements both in science and epidemiology of tuberculosis, as well as the period after 2015, after the adoption of the FSES and during the 2020 pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), are considered. Methods and technologies are analyzed, the department's own experience in the format of distance education is presented.
Professional training of students in specialty 34.02.02 Medical Massage (for training persons with visual impairments) on the example of the Yalutorovsk branch of the SAPEI TR Tyumen Medical College
Authors: Kochubei Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Malikova Liliya Khamitovna
Published: June 2021

This article outlines the features of the organization of the educational process with students with visual impairments, creation of special conditions for education of personswith disabilities and the disabled, the idea of the specifics of teaching blind and visually impaired students, and the learning outcomes of a group of students of the Yalutorovsk branch of the SAPEI TR Tyumen Medical College, specialty 34.02.02. Medical Massage (for training persons with disabilities).
Modern pedagogical technologies in the professional training of middle-level specialists
Authors: Popova Svetlana Vladimirovna , Makarova Marina Mikhailovna
Published: June 2021

The article examines the importance of modern pedagogical technologies in the practice-oriented training of students of medical colleges. In particular, the role of simulation training and WorldSkills technology is considered. The article analyzes modern trends in the development of education focused on the formation of practical skills and abilities.
PRINCIPIO DE LA RELATIVIDAD DE LA SENTENCIA
Authors: García-Osorio Sait Francisco
Published: June 2021

Los primeros antecedentes del principio de la relatividad en México son encontrados en un proyecto para la Constitución del Estado de Yucatán en 1840 por el jurisconsulto Manuel Crescencio Rejón en donde se introduce un sistema que permite el control de la constitucionalidad lato sensu (a todo acto considerado constitucional) por los órganos judiciales utilizando por primera vez el término “amparar” cuando por resolución se anulaba una actividad que era contraria a la Constitución. Por ello, este documento otorga al lector un bosquejo respecto al principio de relatividad y declaratorio general de inconstitucionalidad el cual expone elementos a considerar para la buena administración de justicia en el estado mexicano.
Violência Escolar no município de Ladário - MS: um relato sobre formação para criação de observatório
Authors: Ferreira Isabella Fernanda , Martins Bárbara Amaral , Araújo de Lima Cláudia
Published: June 2021

Este relato de experiência tem por objetivo descrever e discutir um programa de formação de professores voltado a prevenir, identificar e combater a violência em ambiente escolar. Tal formação ocorreu por meio de uma disciplina especial oferecida pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus do Pantanal, e foi amplamente divulgada para os professores da rede pública de ensino. Com carga horária de 60 horas, divididas em quatro horas de estudos semanais, a disciplina se estruturou a partir de três módulos, os quais foram intitulados: (a) proposta de pesquisa empírica e interdisciplinar da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade (b) Bullying e preconceito; (c) Observatórios de prevenção à violência e projetos aplicativos para escolas. Essa estrutura teve por finalidade, propiciar não apenas a aquisição de conhecimentos teóricos, mas a reflexão crítica acerca da prática docente cotidiana e o planejamento de ações com vistas a prevenir e intervir sobre as situações de violência no contexto escolar. Tal programa é uma das etapas de desenvolvimento da pesquisa “Violência Escolar: discriminação, bullying e responsabilidade nas escolas municipais de Ládario - MS” vinculada como pesquisa local ao projeto de pesquisa coletivo intitulado de “Violência Escolar: discriminação, bullying e responsabilidade”, aprovado pelo CNPq junto à Chamada Cidadania, Violência e Direitos Humanos, tendo início em fevereiro de 2018 e duração prevista de 35 meses.
serpente no ovo: Apresentação do número temático Violência Escolar, Direitos Humanos e Responsabilidade
Authors: Ávila de Lima Dias Marian , Crochíck José Leon
Published: June 2021

Apresentação de número temático.
Strategi Pelaksanaan Amanat Agung Era New Normal Terhadap Kelompok Terdampak Ekonomi
Authors: Parapat Yohanes , Eliasaputra Mark Phillips
Published: June 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan persoalan baru bagi gereja dalam melaksanakan misinya, khususnya terhadap kelompok terdampak ekonomi. Artikel ini bertujuan mengusulkan strategi misi sesuai Amanat Agung, di era pascapandemi atau “the new normal”. Studi menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kajian literatur. Dengan pemahaman dan persiapapan untuk pelaksanaan misi sesuai Amanat Agung secara holistik, pemanfaatan teknologi serta sumber daya manusia militan yang berkomitmen, gereja dapat melakukan panggilan misinya dengan efektif, khususnya kepada kelompok yang terdampak pandemi Covid-19 secara ekonomi, baik pekerja maupun pengusaha. Pandemi Covid-19 memunculkan tantangan sekaligus peluang bagi gereja menjalankan panggilan misinya dan menghasilkan buah bagi Tuhan.
A review of the short story collection of Neelamalai
Authors: S Aruchamy
Published: June 2021

Review of the collection of short stories 'Neelamalai' written by Malayalam writer Urubu One of the notable writers in the world of Malayalam literature, PC Kuttikrishnan, also known as uhd Urubu, wrote a collection of short stories called 'Neelamalai' by. Kuttikrishna Menon is the whole point of Asha php. ‘Urubu’ is his nickname. Eva was born on June 8, 1915 in Ponnani, Kozhikode district. Evangel, Short Story, Drama, Poetry, as has given reassurance to all departments. MP Milk Award. Government of Kerala Award for Best Screenplay. Sahitya Akademi Award. The teacher sometimes lived in the Nilgiris and Wayanad hills, Short story Ava has said. There are a total of 6 short stories in this collection. The titles are set in relation to the central theme of the story. As the stories are centered on the Nilgiris and Wayanad, the technique of setting the beginning of the story with descriptions of places is used in all the stories. The characters in these stories are mostly hill people. Mountain races like Thotawa, Vaduga are shown. On a small scale vulgaris, gpw are shown as human beings. The hill tribesmen who come in male roles are hard workers. He has a hard working body and an owl mind that does not know the outside world. The women who come as female characters are innocent who do not know the outside world. So that he is deceived by others and, cannot break the rules. The characters, who are vulgar and, civilized, plunder the labor and life of the hill people. Pure Malayalam language is used in the stories. The vernacular is also used in the conversation of the hill tribes. vadugha language. Since the stories become the author's experience, it seems to be the best strategy to have the stories set by the teacher. The story is set in the Nilgiris, Wayanad hills, their biographical background, language, culture, customs, etc. The technique used in the stories is good. Having the meaning of the words in their own language helps the reader to understand the story.
Mother Goddess Worship in Ancient Tamil Literature
Authors: V Mariswari
Published: June 2021

An ancient Tamil people worship begin from nature; Even though the first worship starts from women, women become as a God for their extreme quality of maternity. In ancient Tamil literature (Sangam Literature, Epic literature, Nilakesi etc.), the Number of evidences are found for the mother Goddess worship of ancient Tamil peoples. This Research articles give detailed explanation about the mother Goddess worship. The aim and objectines of this article is to find out the mother Goddess worship with the evidences of ancient Tamil Literature. In this research articles Descriptive Criticism, Historical Criticism and Analytical Criticism are applied.
Satire techniques: Early devotional texts and mukkoodarpallu - An introductory comparison
Authors: S Stalin
Published: June 2021

Tamil literature holds a broader research domain which still explores itself for the extensive researches. From time to time, discussions and researches occur in religious context. Even after Sangam literature, Jainism and Buddhism taught the virtues and then gradually converted to the literary forms as religious concepts. Following this vogue, Saivam / Vaishnavism used Tamil literature to promote their own religious concepts and also to oppose the other religions. Later, they dissolved their contraindication and united in order to oppose the other religions. This trend can be traced in “MUKOODARPALLU”. A comparative study between the early and later religious literature is done and a technique called SATIRE is spotted in the text and sketched its features in the introductory level.