bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of α‐Hetero‐Substituted Acyloxathianes.
Authors: BAI X. , ELIEL E. L.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of Heterocyclic Quinonimines. Part 11. Influence of Benzanellation on the Oxidative Cyclization of Diarylamino‐N‐aryl‐1,4‐ benzoquinonemonoimines into Phenazinone Derivatives.
Authors: AFANASY'EVA G. B. , TZOI E. V.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Some Pyrido(2,1‐b)oxazines.
Authors: SAN FELICIANO A. , CABALLERO E. , PUEBLA P. , PEREIRA J. A. P. , GRAS J. , VALENTI C.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Oxidation Pathway of the Neurotoxin 6‐Aminodopamine. Isolation and Characterization of a Dimer with a Tetrahydro(3,4a) iminoethanophenoxazine Ring System.
Authors: NAPOLITANO A. , D'ISCHIA M. , COSTANTINI C. , PROTA G.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Ring Closure to Substituted Pyrido(1,2‐b)as‐triazinium Salts.
Authors: HAJOS G. , RIEDL Z. , GACS‐BAITZ E. , MESSMER A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Lactones by Copper(I) Catalyzed Atom Transfer Cyclization.
Authors: PIRRUNG F. O. H. , STEEMAN W. J. M. , HIEMSTRA H. , SPECKAMP W. N. , KAPTEIN B. , BOESTEN W. H. J. , SCHOEMAKER H. E. , KAMPHUIS J.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 6‐, 7‐, and 8‐Membered Sultams by Friedel‐Crafts Cyclization ω‐Phenylalkanesulfamoyl Chlorides.
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , WU J. , RACHWAL S. , RACHWAL B. , MACOMBER D. W. , SMITH T. P.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Dimethylaminobis(trifluoromethyl)borane to Terminal Multiple Bonds: The N(CH3)2‐Moiety as Hydride Donor.
Authors: BUERGER H. , HAGEN T. , PAWELKE G.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Specific Inhibition of HIV‐1 Protease by Boronated Porphyrins.
Authors: DECAMP D. D. , BABE L. M. , SALTO R. , LUCICH J. L. , KOO M.‐S. , KAHL S. B. , CRAIK C. S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Process for the Generation of 1,3,2‐Oxazaborolidines, Catalysts for Enantioselective Synthesis.
Authors: COREY E. J. , LINK J. O.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 1,3‐Disilacyclobutanes.
Authors: HONG J.‐H. , HAN J. S. , LEE G.‐H. , JUNG I. N.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Azides with Trimethyl Phosphite in the Presence of Water: A Chemoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Phosphoramidates.
Authors: ZIDANI A. , CARRIE R. , VAULTIER M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic, Mechanistic and Photochemical Studies of Phosphate Esters of Substituted Benzoins.
Authors: CORRIE J. E. T. , TRENTHAM D. R.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromination at Carbon and Bromine to Magnesium Exchange in Some 2‐ Bromophosphinines.
Authors: LE FLOCH P. , CARMICHAEL D. , MATHEY F.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Both Epimers of 8‐Demethyl Ambrox.
Authors: PENA W. , LOPEZ J. T. , CORTES M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Degradation of Steroid Side Chains. Efficient Conversion of Cholestanol to Corticosteroid Intermediates.
Authors: BRESLOW R. , LINK T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of pseudo‐Ribofuranoses by Stereocontrolled Reactions on 4‐ Hydroxycyclopent‐2‐enylmethanol Derivatives.
Authors: SHOBERU K. A. , ROBERTS S. M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiro Naphthoxazine Derivatives of Furanose Sugars.
Authors: TRONCHET J. M. J. , KOUFAKI M. , ZOSIMO‐LANDOLFO G. , BERNARDINELLI G.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Ketalization of vic.‐Diols with Hexafluoroacetone. Conversion of D‐Glucose and L‐Rhamnose Derivatives to Hexafluoroacetone Ketals.
Authors: MIETHCHEN R. , RENTSCH D. , STOLL N.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Reducing Carbohydrates with Sulfur Ylides: Application to the Synthesis of Hydroxymethyl C‐Glycosides.
Authors: FRECHOU C. , DHEILLY L. , BEAUPERE D. , UZAN R. , DEMAILLY G.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ring C Modified Sesbanimide Analogues.
Authors: VLOON W. J. , VAN DEN BOS J. C. , KOOMEN G.‐J. , PANDIT U. K.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Muscopyridine via C‐ZIP Ring Enlargement.
Authors: HADJ‐ABO F. , HESSE M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoxazolidine Analogues of Nucleosides.
Authors: TRONCHET J. M. J. , IZNADEN M. , BARBALAT‐REY F. , DHIMANE H. , RICCA A. , BALZARINI J. , DE CLERCQ E.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 2′‐Deoxypseudouridine, 2′‐Deoxyformycin B, and 2′,3′‐ Dideoxyformycin B by Palladium‐Mediated Glycal‐Aglycon Coupling.
Authors: ZHANG H.‐C. , DAVES G. D. JUN.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Novel Isopenam and Isocephem Antibiotics. Preparation of a Retinamido Derivative of a Highly Strained β‐Lactam as Potent Anticancer Agent.
Authors: HAKIMELAHI G. H. , SHIAO M.‐J. , HWU J. R. , DAVARI H.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiocontrolled Synthesis of Key Intermediates for the Preparation of AK and AF Toxins.
Authors: LAABASSI M. , TOUPET L. , GREE R.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Characterization of Isomers of C78, C82, and C84 Fullerenes.
Authors: KIKUCHI K. , NAKAHARA N. , WAKABAYASHI T. , SUZUKI S. , SHIROMARU H. , MIYAKE Y. , SAITO K. , IKEMOTO I. , KAINOSHO M. , ACHIBA Y.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of Complex Structures by Combined Neutron and Synchrotron X‐Ray Powder Diffraction.
Authors: MORRIS R. E. , HARRISON W. T. A. , NICOL J. M. , WILKINSON A. P. , CHEETHAM A. K.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Neural Networks: Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationships of the Derivatives of 2,4‐Diamino‐5‐(substituted‐benzyl) pyrimidines as DHFR Inhibitors.
Authors: SO S. S. , RICHARDS W. G.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals from Achiral Molecules.
Authors: TOURNILHAC F. , BLINOV L. M. , SIMON J. , YABLONSKY S. V.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconocene‐Alkene Complexes: Their Formation, Structure, and Reactions
Authors: NEGISHI E. , TAKAHASHI T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Products from the Hydrosilylation Reaction
Authors: ISRAELI Y. , LACOSTE J. , CAVEZZAN J. , DAUPHIN G.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Disulfide Dications from Cyclic Bis‐Sulfides
Authors: FUJIHARA H. , FURUKAWA N.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of Penems
Authors: BARKER A. J. , JENKINS M. J.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (e)‐Ring Anellated Dimethyldihydropyrenes: (14)Annulenes as Probes to Study the Effects of Anellation and Conjugation on Diatropicity
Authors: LAI Y.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Basic Solids as Catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane.
Authors: BAERNS M.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Biologically Active Amino Alcohols via Allylic Tin Compounds
Authors: YAMAMOTO Y.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Sterically Hindered Organotin Compounds
Authors: BROWN P. , MOLLOY K. C. , MAHON M. F.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Uses of the Fries Rearrangement for the Preparation of Hydroxyaryl Ketones
Authors: MARTIN R.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Separations. An Overview
Authors: AHUJA S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Separations Using Native and Functionalized Cyclodextrin‐Bonded Stationary Phases in High‐Pressure Liquid Chromatography
Authors: MENGES R. A. , ARMSTRONG D. W.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization of Chiral Separations on Silica‐Bonded α1‐Acid Glycoprotein by Mobile Phase Additives
Authors: ARVIDSSON E. , JANSSON S. O. , SCHILL G.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroformylation Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: KALCK P. , PERES Y. , JENCK J.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Metal‐Carbon Triple Bonds
Authors: MAYR A. , HOFFMEISTER H.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Bonding in the Parent Hydrides and Multiply Bonded Silicon and Germanium Compounds: from MHn to R2M=M′R2 and RMM′ R
Authors: GREV R. S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Analytical Criteria for Chiral High‐Pressure Liquid Chromatography
Authors: DOYLE T. D.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Membrane associated nonmuscle myosin II functions as a motor for actin‐based vesicle transport in clam oocyte extracts
Authors: DePina Ana S. , Wöllert Torsten , Langford George M.
Published: July 2007

Nonmuscle myosin II (Myo2) has been shown to associate with membranes of the trans‐Golgi network and to be involved in Golgi to ER retrograde protein transport. Here, we provide evidence that Myo2 not only associates with membranes but functions to transport vesicles on actin filaments (AFs). We used extracts from unactivated clam oocytes for these studies. AFs assembled spontaneously in these extracts and myosin‐dependent vesicle transport was observed upon activation. In addition, actin bundles formed and moved relative to each other at an average speed of ˜0.30 μm/s. Motion analysis revealed that vesicles moved on the spontaneously assembled AFs at speeds greater than 1 μm/s. The motor on these vesicles was identified as a member of the nonmuscle Myo2 family based on sequence determination by Edman chemistry. Vesicles in these extracts were purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation and movement was reconstituted in vitro using skeletal muscle actin coated coverslips. When peripheral membrane proteins of vesicles including Myo2 were removed by salt stripping or when extracts were treated with an antibody specific to clam oocyte nonmuscle Myo2, vesicle movement was inhibited. Blebbistatin, a Myo2 specific inhibitor, also blocked vesicle movement. Myo2 light chain kinase activity was found to be essential for vesicle movement and sliding of actin bundles. Together, our data provide direct evidence that nonmuscle Myo2 is involved in actin‐dependent vesicle transport in clam oocytes. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In-home shopping
Authors: McCorkle Denny E. , Planchon John M. , James William L.
Published: July 2007

A search for published empirical research on in-home shopping found only 27 studies. The bulk of this research compared in-home shopping behavior or intentions with those of non-in-home shoppers, and then tested for significant differences of certain predictor variables.

These studies offered a plethora of different treatments of in-home shopping as a criterion variable. In many instances, the distinction between the type of in-home shopping mode (i.e., catalog, television, door-to-door salesperson) and the type of response (mail, telephone, or electronic transmission) was not clearly specified.

While researchers have yet to present evidence that in-home shopping behavior varies between methods of ordering (response), there is limited intermodal research which indicates that in-home shopping behavior varies between in-home shopping modes.

Even when examining a single mode in isolation, such as catalog shopping, nonsignificant and conflicting results abound. These intramodal differences are ascribed in hypothesis to the differences in the sources sending the direct response messages, and the differences in the products studied or purchased.

In an attempt to offer generalizations, the authors conclude that very little is yet known about the in-home shopper. Until consumer researchers begin to treat in-home shopping as a multicomponent criterion variable, consisting of a source, a mode, and a response, advancement of the discipline is limited.
The application of an effective inquiry handling system for business-to-business marketing
Authors: Hutchings Robert H.
Published: July 2007

This article substantiates the need to manage customer inquiries systematically, and describes procedures which have been placed into operation by the author and his colleagues. It clarifies the appropriate working relationships between the earliest stages of inquiry, the salesperson's final closure, and all the systematic steps between these two events. Business-to-business marketing has a long history of “lost” leads and opportunities. directly ascribable to the lack of such systems as those explained in the article. These methods involve the use of established direct marketing procedures at various stages, including the tracking and follow-up activities. The strong and growing relationships between personal selling, direct marketing, and general advertising are central to the author's theme.
Direct mail marketing in higher education
Authors: Burdenski Helen M. , Shanklin William L.
Published: July 2007

This article reports on a nationwide study of the use of direct mail advertising by public and private colleges and universities of all sizes. Presidents and the advertising heads of about 200 of these institutions provided their views on how they use direct mail advertising and its effectiveness in achieving institutional goals, especially student recruitment. The authors of this article also suggest ways in which direct mail advertising might be made even more productive in positioning a college or university against its competition.
Increasing compliance through the use of the legitimization of small donations technique and the follow-up procedures of phone reminder and gift incentive
Authors: Tom Gail , Powell John , Borin Norman
Published: July 2007

This study investigated the practical tradeoff of using higher and lower paltry amounts in the legitimization of small donations technique in telemarketing fundraising. The results indicate that using lower paltry amounts results in the best return for the least cost. Overall, the follow-up procedures of phone reminder and gift incentives did not effectively increase compliance. The study concludes with a discussion of future directions for additional work in this area.
Consumer adoption of videotex services
Authors: Korgaonkar Pradeep K. , Moschis George P.
Published: July 2007

The study investigated the association of (a) communication variables, (b) product-related variables, and (c) individual characteristic variables on consumer awareness, interest, and attitude toward the Viewtron (videotex) system. The hypotheses drawn from diffusion of innovation literature were tested in the study conducted in South Florida where the Viewtron system was offered. The results suggest that marketers can play a dominant role in the diffusion of an innovation such as a videotex system.
Anno domini 1998
Authors: Passavant Pierre
Published: July 2007

Looking ahead even 10 years will reveal tremendous changes in the direct marketing field — some of them predictable and based on existing technologies, such as the touch-tone keypad and cable television. Starting from these “knowns,” alert marketers can vastly expand the possibilities of their future utilization. At the same time, stretching our knowledge of the familiar can be a springboard to successful grasp of future techniques, which are still experimental and lesser-known. Direct marketing's future belongs to those at the forefront of this exploration.
Multiple advertisement testing: The dangers of telescopic testing and other approaches
Authors: Friedman Hershey H. , Friedman Linda Weiser
Published: July 2007

Telescopic testing is a popular technique for comparing one direct response advertisement to others in the same publication. Many assumptions implicit in the use of this technique should be addressed, as erroneous conclusions may result if one is unaware of these concerns. First, any possible interaction between region and type of advertisement must be tested before one can make blanket statements regarding which advertisement is best. Second, the advertisement with the highest lift factor is not necessarily the best ad overall. Finally, the results of telescopic testing are not necessarily generalizable. Other approaches are considered and compared with telescopic testing, and suggestions are provided for the improvement of telescopic testing.
Increasing the effectiveness of direct mail copy through the use of readability measures
Authors: Beard John D. , Williams David L.
Published: July 2007

This article presents a potentially valuable, yet seldom used tool for direct marketing: readability formulas. They can be used to increase the effectiveness of direct mail copy for technical products and services. Among the many theoretical tools available to determine if copy is readable for the intended audience, readability formulas provide a logical starting place to measure copy for its clarity and style. For the marketing practitioner, readability formulas are objective measures that can save time and money in field testing; for the marketing researcher, readability formulas lend themselves well to experimentation because they quantify differences in copy; and for the marketing educator, readability measures are valuable pedagogical tools to train copy writers.
A stochastic model of list falloff with implications for repeat mailings
Authors: Buchanan Bruce , Morrison Donald G.
Published: July 2007

This article proposes the use of the beta-binomial model to describe consumer response to mail solicitation. Besides generalizing the conventional view that consumers either are or are not responders, this model provides an intuitively appealing explanation for the well-known phenomenon of list falloff. It is shown that list falloff depends only on the dispersion of response probabillities in the population and not on the average response rate. These results are applied to the question of how many times to mail a given list. A discussion of the approach and its limitations follow.
An explanation of Allenby and Blattberg's extra-binomial response variance
Authors: Morrison Donald G. , Colombo Richard A.
Published: July 2007

A simple model with probabilistic delivery of batches of mail is proposed as an explanation of Allenby and Blattberg's greater than the “obviously correct” binomial variance in response rates.
A method for inducing response rates in business-to-business direct marketing campaigns
Authors: Pinto Mary Beth
Published: July 2007

Inducing interest in and response to direct marketing campaigns from multiple organizational members is of continuing importance to business-to-business marketers. This article investigates the effects of a combination of direct telephone interaction and mail survey methods for improving customer response rates. Furthermore, this article examines the role of a “significant other” in the organization and the impact of this individual's endorsement on the cooperation and response rate from multiple organizational members. Two hundred and seventy-three project team members from 62 hospitals composed the research sample. The results demonstrated that this method was successful in generating a high multiple-subject response rate.
Getting viewers to respond
Authors: Nowak Glen
Published: July 2007

This article shows how conceptual and definitional progress made in studying the effects of general TV commercials and their executional components can be used by researchers interested in understanding how direct response TV commercials motivate viewers to buy. Four frameworks that have been used to organize research on TV commercials are overviewed and the applicability of each to the study of direct response TV commercials is discussed. As this article shows, theoretical progress in understanding how direct response TV commercials influence or motivate viewers to take action will be maximized only if 1) a clearly defined organizational framework is applied when examining the effects of such commercials and their message structure; and 2) research on commercial structure variables, such as advertising strategy and executional techniques, is tied into a theory or theoretical framework.
Customer lifetime valuation to support marketing decision making
Authors: Robert Dwyer F.
Published: July 2007

Customer lifetime value (LTV) is an important construct in designing and budgeting for customer acquisition programs and a number of other decision areas. This article adapts a simple taxonomy of buyer-seller relationships to distinguish basic approaches for LTV estimation.
The long versus the short letter: A large sample study of a direct-mail campaign
Authors: Beard John D. , Williams David L. , Kelly J. Patrick
Published: July 2007

Many authorities on direct marketing strongly advocate longer sales letters over shorter ones. Clearly, letter length can affect response rates, as well as a campaign's production costs. We report results of a successful direct-mail campaign that tested one- and two-page versions of a sales letter. For mailings totaling over 1.15 million pieces, the response rates showed no significant difference between the two letters. But considering production costs, the shorter letter was superior.
The AT&T opportunity calling program: Responsiveness and implications
Authors: Beck Gary F. , Karas Sherry M. , Skudlark Ann E.
Published: July 2007

One of the key objectives of AT&T consumer long distance marketing is to offer “personalized services” to the 85-million-customer household base. A primary concern is to communicate with customers in a way that is relevant to them. One of the ways AT&T seeks to accomplish this goal is through direct contacts (mail and telemarketing) with the consumer. An example is a direct mail program called the AT&T Opportunity Calling® Program which was launched in 1984 to provide information about AT&T and its offering during the transitional time following AT&T's divestiture of the Bell Operating Companies. This direct mail program sought to provide value to consumers by recognizing the different needs of consumers, and responding accordingly. Specifically, Opportunity Calling rewarded customers for their patronage by providing them with discounts on commonly used goods and services. (Note: The Opportunity Calling Program officially ended on December 31, 1988.) In order to gain a better understanding of the consumer, a marketing research study was undertaken in late 1986 to tailor a segmentation scheme specifically for the Opportunity Calling universe. The study sought to determine significant attitudinal, demographic, behavioral, and geodemographic factors that contribute to participation in a direct mail program like Opportunity Calling.
Attributes of a telemarketer's voice and persuasiveness
Authors: Ketrow S.M.
Published: July 2007

It is widely believed that the voice is critical to success in telemarketing. While little research supports this directly, a large body of research related to vocal cues and social cognition establishes clear support for this point of view. This article finds that a fluent, slightly faster than listener, moderately loud voice using a standard dialect, clear diction, and a “normal” voice quality lends itself to greatest perceptions of credibility and social attractiveness for the speaker. This in turn should lead to greater persuasiveness and compliance on the part of the target.
Direct marketing and research
Authors: Pring David C.
Published: July 2007

Direct marketing is a rapidly maturing industry. With increased consumer interest and use of direct marketing, the industry is becoming more competitive and is turning from a selling mode to one involving a more sophisticated marketing orientation. With this change it is necessary to better understand consumer attitudes, needs, beliefs and behavior in order to fine-tune products and services and the ways in which they are offered.

This article reviews the options, methods, and effects of marketing research for the industry with emphasis on how the smaller direct marketing company can benefit. Under review is a complete range of research techniques that the direct marketer can consider, from simple qualitative research to the use of database analysis and augmentation and beyond to more sophisticated applications of segmentation analysis and expert systems drawing on actual examples as appropriate.
Sample size and design of experiment issues in testing offers
Authors: Hansotia Behram J.
Published: July 2007

This article addresses test and experimental design issues in the context of testing offers. Using a simple example, we discuss sample size issues first. In this context, we introduce the problem of multiple comparisons and discuss the Bonferroni, Tukey, and Bechhofer approaches. This leads us to conclude that a “magical” statistically significant sample size does not exist. Rather, the appropriate sample size depends on what questions we want answered as a result of the test. Further, we show the need to identify explicitly all such questions prior to running the test, and that “data snooping” after test results are in may increase the risk of incorrect conclusions or uncertain results. The latter part of the article discusses modeling the offers’ response rates using the logit and probit regression models. We first illustrate this using a full factorial design, and when no interaction effects are found, present a solution based on a one-half fractional factorial design. Though none of this material is totally new to academic researchers, the ideas presented here are not well known in the direct marketing community. Thus, the objective is educational: to build a bridge between the academic and the practitioner communities.
The readability of direct-mail copy
Authors: Williams David L. , Beard John D. , Kelly J. Patrick
Published: July 2007

We report the results of a well-controlled experiment which tested the readability of direct-mail sales letters. Surprisingly, the mailings of a subscription offer for technical newsletters, sent to both professional and layperson segments, produced no significant differences in response rates as a function of readability levels. This study suggests that readability formulas, as tools for tailoring messages for different segments, may not have broad applicability in the field.
CART: A recent advance in tree-structured list segmentation methodology
Authors: Thrasher Rosana P.
Published: July 2007

This article describes CART (Classification and Regression Trees)—an interesting and often powerful nonparametric alternative to parametric methods in modeling. The algorithm and accompanying software is described and contrasted to CHAID (Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection). Finally, a case study showing CART's application in response modeling is discussed.
Formulating direct marketing offers with conjoint analysis
Authors: Arora Raj
Published: July 2007

Conjoint analysis is described as an important method for designing direct marketing offers prior to a market test. The method is demonstrated with an application in designing direct marketing offers which focus on the price of the product, the channels through which the product may be purchased, and the exchange/refund policy. The results of conjoint analysis provide the utilities of each variable at each level. This information is then used to construct alternative direct marketing offers. The simulated willingness to purchase is also discussed.
A conceptual definition of direct marketing
Authors: Bauer Connie L. , Miglautsch John
Published: July 2007

The purpose of this article is to inspire critical thinking about what constitutes direct marketing. To accomplish this, we discuss problems with the prevailing current definition and present a new conceptual definition of direct marketing. This definition distinguishes direct marketing from direct mail, direct response advertising alone, direct selling, and consumer goods telemarketing.
Assessing similarity relationships among noncomparable direct mail products from direct mail databases
Authors: Ganzach Yoav
Published: July 2007

This study investigates similarity among products not selected by a comparability criterion, on the basis of a large database containing information about consumers’ purchases of direct mail products. Products are represented by their buyers, and similarity among them is derived from the tendency of the products to be consumed jointly. These similarities are examined against experts’ categorization of the products. Applications for direct marketing are discussed.
Understanding privacy concerns
Authors: Nowak Glen J. , Phelps Joseph E.
Published: July 2007

The need to maximize advertising effectiveness and minimize communication costs has increased direct marketers’ and packaged-goods advertisers’ reliance on individual-level consumer information. The use of such information, however, has raised a number of questions regarding consumer privacy. This study therefore attempts to increase direct marketers’ understanding of privacy issues by examining how well informed consumers are with respect to information gathering and use practices. The results of a regional survey of 266 adults 18 years old and older suggested: 1) privacy is an important concern; 2) many people are not very knowledgeable about specific direct marketing practices; 3) consumer concern is affected by type of practice and specificity of information; and 4) most favor restrictions on the gathering and use of personal information. Overall, the results suggest consumer ignorance may be a significant contributor to privacy concerns and that a strong committment to consumer education may be necessary to avoid government regulation and legislation.
Direct marketing activities and personal privacy
Authors: Wang Paul , Petrison Lisa A.
Published: July 2007

A survey of 1,000 Chicago-area consumers suggests that concern about privacy issues varies depending on the situation, the company conducting the marketing activities, and the consumer's own personal need for the products being sold. In addition, the survey found that certain kinds of consumers are more negative about potential threats to their privacy than are others.
Educating young adults about HIV and AIDS
Authors: Nowak Glen J. , Jorgensen Cynthia , Salmon Charles T. , Jason Janine
Published: July 2007

Limited resources combined with a desire to reach as many people as possible often make direct response public service announcements an important tool in educational campaigns. To understand the impact of direct-response TV PSAs, and find ways to increase their effectiveness, this study examined 1) the effects of a highly targeted HIV prevention message on young adults’ knowledge, perceptions, and intentions; and 2) whether altering two PSA elements, the telephone number used and the length of time it was displayed, would affect viewers’ recall and intention responses. The results indicated exposure to the PSA had no discernible effects on HIV-related knowledge, but did affect perceptions. Compared with an unexposed control group, students exposed to the PSA a) estimated seeing more HIV- and AIDS-related PSAs, b) rated the usefulness of TV PSAs lower, c) were more likely to rate their chances of contracting HIV as low or none (83 percent vs. 66 percent, p < .05), and d) expressed less desire to obtain more information. The use of an all-mnemonic phone “number” resulted in a threefold increase in recall of the CDC National AIDS Hotline phone number, but did not affect intentions to call. Overall, the results reaffirm the importance of deploying strategies that go beyond reliance on either a single PSA or TV PSAs alone to affect knowledge, perceptions, or intentions.
Wives’ employment, time pressure, and mail/phone order shopping
Authors: Lavin Marilyn
Published: July 2007

This article considers whether employment outside the home contributes to the feelings of time pressure experienced by working wives and their husbands. It then examines, for both spouses, whether or not feelings of greater time pressure are associated with mail/phone order preferences. Data gathered from 197 married persons residing in 34 states and the District of Columbia suggest that wives’ employment outside the home is related to both spouses’ feelings of time pressure. For neither spouse are feelings of greater time pressure linked with preference for nonstore shopping alternatives.
Beyond response
Authors: Bush Alan J. , Bush Robert P. , Nitse Philip S.
Published: July 2007

While the strength of direct response advertising lies in its accountability, trends in the direct marketing industry indicate other effectiveness measures, to complement sales, are needed for enhancing long-term customer relationships. Two such effectiveness measures are ad likability and feeling toward direct response products/services. Thirty randomly selected direct response print ads were evaluated by 146 respondents yielding 730 ad evaluations regarding perceptions that impact ad likability and feeling toward direct response products/services. A factor analysis of 27 content scales resulted in 5 ad content categories. The 5 content categories were used to examine their impact on feelings and likability of direct response advertisements.
Don't reach out and touch us any more: Expanding telephone consumer protection
Authors: Cain Rita Marie
Published: July 2007

In December, 1991, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 became law. This bill regulates telemarketing activity and is intended to protect the home privacy interests of American telephone customers. The federal law is substantially similar to legislation recently enacted by numerous states. This article explains the main provisions of the new federal law, as well as the various state regulations. Then, the piece compares and contrasts the federal and state approaches to see if any state laws are preempted by the controlling federal bill. Finally, the article examines the free speech rights of telephone solicitors to determine if any of these new laws violate first amendment freedoms. An appendix provides a quick reference to the main provisions of the state laws.