bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Point Intercept Transect (PIT) Method and Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) to Calculate Hard Coral Cover Percentage
Authors: Prasetya Johan Danu , Santoso Dian Hudawan
Published: August 2022

Highlight ResearchPoint Intercept Transect Method (PIT) and Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) to monitor coral cover was comparedPercentage of hard coral cover was analyzedThe average difference of the percentage of hard coral cover obtained from the PIT and UPT was analyzed AbstractCoral reef ecosystems are vulnerable to damage and extinction. Therefore, it is imperative that, as part of conservation, their conditions are monitored using straight forward or easy-to-use methods. The research was intended to compare the effectiveness of using Point Intercept Transect (PIT) and Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) methods in calculating percent hard coral covers. It was conducted at six sites in Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia: Cemara Besar, Cemara Kecil, Taka Malang, Tanjung Gelam, Menjangan Besar, and Menjangan Kecil. At each site, photographs of coral reefs were taken in two ranges of depths, shallow (3–6 m) and deep (9–12 m), along the length of the predefined transects (100 m for PIT and 50 m for UPT). In UPT, the photos were taken using a 58 x 44 cm frame. Fifty photo frames were collected then processed using Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe) 4.1. The results showed that PIT and UPT produced different percentages of hard coral cover at each site, with the most significant difference found in deep waters of Menjangan Besar (45.27%) and the least one in deep waters of Menjangan Kecil (0.08%). Overall, the difference in percent covers was averagely 9.79 percentage points, which is still categorized into small. Both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, UPT is preferable because its results can be reanalyzed, especially the identified coral reef species.
Post Conditionally Unconstitutional of Job Creation Law: Quo Vadis Legal Certainty?
Authors: Efendi A'an , Disantara Fradhana Putra
Published: August 2022

Enigma emerged when the Constitutional Court declared that Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (UU CK) unconstitutional. The purpose of this legal research is to review the legal dynamics of the UU CK after the Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 based on the point of view of the formal review and procedural justice, as well as reviewing the relevance of the Decision as a monumental decision; while at the same time analyzing the phenomenon of 'conditionally unconstitutional' in the perspective of legal certainty and expediency. This legal research uses a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The legal materials of this legal research consist of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and non-legal materials. The study results stated that the Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 is not a monumental decision, considering an omission of "freeze" norms from the UU CK. Meanwhile, if it is studied based on procedural justice and the conception of a formal review, then the UU CK should be null and void by law. Then, 'Constitutional Conditional' in the Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 provides legal chaos. There is a contradiction that the UU CK is declared not legally binding as a consequence of 'formal defects' from the process of forming the UU CK. Thus, the suggestion from the researcher is that the government can ratify a standard rule in the law regarding the formation of legislation regarding the construction of an omnibus law scheme.
The Gender Mainstreaming Strategy as a Solution for the Constitutional Rights Violation of Female Circumcision
Authors: Ramli Lanny
Published: August 2022

In recent years, violence against women has continued. Culture, beliefs, and the role of community and religious leaders are the reasons for the practice of female circumcision in East Java Province. To the perpetrators, this activity is reasonable. This article is a policy study with a gender perspective approach and uses qualitative methods and quantitative data. The results of this study reveal the insights of circumcision practitioners in women who are less aware of the effects of female circumcision, low education levels, and trust and pressure from the family (internal) and the environment (external). Moreover, the main rules are legalised as the 1945 Constitution explicitly outlines government interference in community control, including social and cultural. The gender mainstreaming strategy (PUG) has been implemented to eliminate activities that violate women's rights to health and other constitutional rights.
Conceptual Ideal Supervision of the Corruption Eradication Commission in Eradicating Corruption Crimes
Authors: Atty Novyanty
Published: August 2022

One law enforcement agency that has the authority to carry out full supervision and investigation of corruption cases is the Corruption Eradication Commission. Article 50, paragraph (1) is problematic where the arrangement is incomplete and seems unclear. There is also a problem in the implementation of article 50, paragraph (3) concerning the phrase ‘The police or the prosecutor's office is no longer authorised to conduct a full investigation’. Article 50, paragraph (1) of Law No 30/2002 on the Commission for the Eradication of Corruption Crime (‘KPK Law’) provides that ‘in the event that a corruption crime occurs and the Corruption Eradication Commission has not conducted a full investigation, while the case has been fully investigated by the police or the prosecutor's office’. Article 10, paragraph (2) of Law No 19/2019 on the Second Amendment to Law No 30/2002 on the Commission for the Eradication of Corruption Crime (‘Law No 19/2019 on the Second Amendment to the KPK Law’) causes a problem because the provisions on the implementation of supervision duties should be regulated in the form of government regulations by referring to an adherence to the principle.
A Critical Assessment on Nuclear Security Measure in Indonesia
Authors: Soeparna Intan , Joseph Tanega
Published: August 2022

Our overriding thesis is that nuclear security measures are required in Indonesia as a matter of urgency given Indonesia’s current plans for the construction of nuclear power plants (NPP) and all the physical infrastructure and supply chains wherein nuclear materials is exposed to the general public and a target for terrorist attack. This work is divided into two parts: (1) an analysis and close reading of the existing nuclear regulatory regime of Indonesia, with the view of determining whether the existing regulations are sufficient to provide nuclear security measures that protect the general public, and (2) based on our analysis what kind of policies and legislative provisions should we have in order to better protect the public. The headline of our assessment is that there is a complete lack of legal basis for security measures and that it is recommended. From an international perspective the nuclear operating organization is within the penumbra of nuclear security standards established by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). However, while within the penumbra of the international standard for nuclear security, our assessment finds the Indonesian security measure is inadequate and potentially dangerously in effective and thus, in its current state behooves the Indonesian government to undertake a deep reformation of the legal framework of nuclear security in Indonesia.
Job Loss Guarantee Program Policy as Legal Protection for Terminated Workers Based on Job Creation Law Article 46
Authors: Widanarti Try Wahyu , Abdul Rachmad Budiono  , Budi Santoso
Published: August 2022

To provide legal protection for workers who have experienced termination of employment, the government of Indonesia has issued a new policy in the form of Article 46 of Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning the Job Creation Law. This increases the type of protection for social security programs, namely the job loss guarantee program. This paper uses a juridical-normative research method. The results indicate that the legal protection policy for workers affected by termination of employment was not appropriate. Therefore, an amendment was made to Law Number 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System. Specifically, Article 46A of the Job Creation Law states: "Workers or employees who have their activities terminated are entitled to collateral due to loss of profession." Article 46C(2) also states that the Central Authority should pay the professional burnout insurance contributions. In this case, non-professional collateral benefits are not focused on money but on cash, access to actionable market data, and job training. It is not explained in detail what percentage of the total compensation will be obtained by workers affected by termination of employment through this job loss guarantee scheme. This is only stated in Article 46D paragraph (2), "Job loss guarantee will be provided for 6 (six) months of wages."
PERAN RELIGIUSITAS DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DARING PADA MAHASISWA
Authors:   Prodi Psikologi, Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Arsa Azzah Afifah , Adiba Nadia Farah ,   Prodi Psikologi, Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Dzilkaromah Min Min Khati ,   Prodi Psikologi, Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Liliani Dyah Ayu ,   Prodi Psikologi, Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Amien Hakim Bachtiar ,   Program Studi Psikologi Universitas Islam Indonesia Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Qudsyi Hazhira ,   Program Studi Psikologi Universitas Islam Indonesia Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: August 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 sejak setahun lebih yang lalu tak kian surut di Indonesia. Karena itu, sebagian besar aktivitas masih dilakukan secara daring terutama di bidang Pendidikan yaitu sistem pembelajaran daring yang memiliki dampak penurunan motivasi belajar. Penelitian terhadap 50 mahasiswa Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut menghasilkan pengaruh yang signifikan antara sistem pembelajaran daring dengan motivasi belajar pada mahasiswa. Tanpa adanya motivasi, mahasiswa tidak dapat melakukan aktivitas belajar dengan baik sehingga mempengaruhi prestasi yang akan dicapainya. Motivasi yang rendah tentunya harus segera ditingkatkan oleh mahasiswa agar tidak menurunkan prestasi yang dicapainya. Penulisan makalah ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar daring pada mahasiswa yaitu melalui peran religiusitas. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur terhadap berbagai jurnal terkait motivasi belajar serta peran religiusitas. Studi literatur yang dilakukan memberikan hasil bahwa religiusitas berkorelasi positif dengan motivasi belajar bahkan motivasi untuk berprestasi. Religiusitas sebagai kematangan seseorang dalam beragama menjadi pendorong atau motivasi dalam mengarahkan perilaku, termasuk perilaku belajar. Dalam menerapkan religiusitas, pihak yang memiliki kontribusi besar adalah lingkungan terdekat dari individu tersebut, yakni lingkungan keluarga. Langkah yang ditempuh untuk menerapkan peran religiusitas agar motivasi belajar meningkat adalah dengan meningkatkan dan menguatkan nilai-nilai keagamaan yang nantinya akan membentuk determinasi diri siswa. Peran religiusitas ini sangat efektif untuk diterapkan pada mahasiswa dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar daring sehingga prestasi mahasiswa pun meningkat. Mahasiswa diharapkan turut meningkatkan religiusitas selama pembelajaran daringagar peran dari religiusitas tersebut tetap menyala dan pembelajaran daring selama masa pandemi akan tetap berjalan dengan baik.
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL BANK AND ISLAMIC BANK ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RASPONSIBILITY (CSR)
Authors:   University Sains Islam malaysia, Sule Sani Abdullahi
Published: August 2022

"Both conventional and Islamic banking has been in the market system for almost 50 years, since it began during the 1960s. Since that time, both conventional and Islamic banking has quick grown and is no longer a strange concept. The products and services provided have been well accepted, not only among Muslim countries and also non-Muslim countries. However, there is a lack of comparative between conventional bank and Islamic bank performance in terms of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The paper aims to analyze the relationship between Islamic bank and conventional bank on their CSR performance. It is a conceptual attempt to discuss on how Islamic principles can influence the implementation of CSR in both conventional bank and Islamic banking system. The religious expect both the conventional bank and Islamic bank to have the strong influence to attract customers by using CSR. For that reason, this paper tries to investigate the relevant literature views and the relationship between conventional bank and Islamic bank concept on CSR. The paper try to find that, the concept of Islamic bank that comply with religious provision should exhibit more proactive CSR activity and policies. Islamic bank performance should be superior to conventional bank counterpart. Keywords: Commercial Bank, Corporate Social Responsibility, Islamic Corporate Responsibility "
MARAKNYA PENGARUH KOMPLEKS POLITIK IDENTITAS DI INDONESIA
Authors:   Program Studi Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Tutukansa Aldho Faruqi
Published: August 2022

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang kaya akan berbagai identitas pada masyarakatnya yang menempati di berbagai pulau. Identitas tersebut tentu rentan terjadinya berbagai isu rasisme hingga adanya isu SARA. Permasalahan tersebut kemudian berimplikasi ke segala aspek, khususnya pada aspek politik. Hal ini yang kemudian beririsan antara isu identitas atau keanekaragaman dengan aspek politik, sehingga timbulnya sebuah isu yang dikenal dengan politik identitas. Isu politik identitas merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang sering terjadi di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia. Hal ini kerap terjadi ketika diadakannya kontestasi politik di Indonesia, seperti pemilihan umum presiden, legislatif, hingga kepala daerah provinsi dan kabupaten/kota. Permasalahan seperti ini kemudian membuat konsep identitas sosial yang berdampak dengan mulitikulturalisme hingga politik di Indonesia mulai mengalami persinggungan yang menimbulkan berbagai aspek yang dinilai bertolak belakang. Berbagai konsep yang kemudian dikaitkan pada permasalahan yang akan dianalisis tentu membutuhkan beberapa kasus yang memiliki hubungan antara identitas dengan politik yang terjadi di Indonesia. Kemudian, terdapat juga penjelasan mengenai berbagai pemikiran dan faktor yang menimbulkan politik identitas ini mengakibatkan berdampak ke lingkungan masyarakat luas. Sehingga, maraknya pengaruh politik identitas ini membuat persepsi masyarakat semakin kompleks dan menimbulkan pro dan kontra hingga mengkhawatirkan terjadinya perpecahan, baik antar masyarakat maupun satu sama lain.
PENERAPAN CULTURE INTELLIGENCE PADA MAHASISWA RANTAU YANG MENGALAMI CULTURE SHOCK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN
Authors:   Program Studi Psikologi Universitas Islam Indonesia Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Geofanny Nova , Antika Furi ,   Program Studi Psikologi Universitas Islam Indonesia Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Paramesti Faza Azzahra ,   Program Studi Psikologi Universitas Islam Indonesia Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Nufus Salsabila Sajida ,   Program Studi Psikologi Universitas Islam Indonesia Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Dayan Kautsar Abdi ,   Program Studi Psikologi Universitas Islam Indonesia Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Qudsyi Hazhira ,   Program Studi Psikologi Universitas Islam Indonesia Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: August 2022

"Sebagian besar siswa yang telah lulus dari Sekolah Menengah Atas akan melanjutkan pendidikannya ke dunia perkuliahan. Beberapa diantara siswa tersebut akan memilih berkuliah di luar daerahnya. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya tidak semudah yang dibayangkan. Adanya sistem pembelajaran yang berbeda antara perkuliahan dengan Sekolah Menengah Atas serta budaya yang berbeda antara daerah asalnya dan daerah perantauannya membuat siswa mengalami culture shock. Culture shock pada mahasiswa akan menimbulkan masalah fisik dan psikis. Permasalahan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan culture intelligence. Culture intelligence menjelaskan mengenai komponen-komponen kecerdasan budaya dan skalanya yang dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam mengatasi culture shock pada mahasiswa. Semakin tinggi skala culture intelligence yang dimiliki mahasiswa, semakin rendah tingkat culture shock yang dimiliki mahasiswa tersebut. Kata kunci: culture shock, mahasiswa rantau, culture intelligence "
Jesu li influenceri predvodnici mišljenja?
Authors: Starej Filip , Burić Ivan
Published: August 2022

Teorija Paula Lazarsfelda o dvostupanjskom tijeku komunikacije govori kako informacije od medija širokoj publici prenose predvodnici mišljenja (engl. opinion leaders). Predvodnici mišljenja konzumiraju više medijskih sadržaja od ostalih te su „lideri mišljenja“ u određenim temama za koje iskazuju veći interes i o kojima imaju više znanja od ostalih članova zajednice. Danas na društvenim mrežama postoji posebna kategorija korisnika – influenceri. Influencere i njihove objave često prati velik broj ljudi, a njihov je utjecaj prepoznala i marketinška industrija. Ovim se radom pokušalo utvrditi jesu li influenceri predvodnici mišljenja na način na koji ih je koncipirao Lazarsfeld. Rezultati istraživanja provedeni na primjerenom studentskom uzorku upućuju na to da su influenceri, bez obzira na pojedine elemente sličnosti s predvodnicima mišljenja, deficitarni u pogledu važnoga čimbenika vođenja mišljenja (engl. opinion leadership), a to je sposobnost mobilizacije, tj. utjecaj na ponašanje. Naime, objave influencera ne potiču na daljnju potragu za informacijama, povjerenje u influencere kao informacijske izvore nije visoko, a sami influenceri se u potencijalnim situacijama odlučivanja, u odnosu na druge testirane izvore informacija, ne percipiraju kao važan informacijski resurs.
Fluoruro en aguas subterráneas de la región centro-norte de México y su posible origen
Authors:   Missouri State University, Gutiérrez Mélida , Alarcón-Herrera María Teresa ,   Centro de Investigaciones de Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV-Durango)
Published: August 2022

Las concentraciones más altas de fluoruro (F–) en México se encuentran principalmente en el agua subterránea de dos áreas: las zonas áridas de la zona centro-norte del país y las áreas geotermales. La primera se utiliza como suministro de agua potable para un gran número de personas, y es el objeto de este estudio. Se utilizó una base de datos con 1117 registros (2017-2019) para profundizar en el origen de este contaminante y su asociación con el contenido de arsénico (As) y con parámetros físicos y químicos reportados como posibles factores de enriquecimiento. La abundancia de rocas volcánicas félsicas en el material de aluvión, su distribución y su elevado contenido de F, las señalan como uno de los principales materiales generadores de este contaminante. En la región analizada, la concentración de F– varió en un rango de 0.03 a 27.9 mg/L, con 52, 45 y 36 % de muestras por encima del límite de 1.5 mg/L establecido por la NOM-127-SSA1-1994 para los estados de Zacatecas, Chihuahua y Durango, respectivamente. Se encontró correlación entre F– y As en los tres estados, siendo la más alta la de Zacatecas (r = 0.801, p < 0.01). No se encontró asociación entre F– y la temperatura, F– y sólidos disueltos totales ni F– y Ca/Na. La elevada concentración de F– y su relación con As en agua de pozo hace imperativa la aplicación de un plan estratégico para salvaguardar la salud humana mediante la implementación de sistemas de potabilización para pozos con alto contenido de este elemento.
Zero Hunger by 2030 – Are We on Track? Climate Variability and Change Impacts on Food Security in Africa
Authors: Mumuni Sulemana , Aleer Machol Joseph
Published: August 2022

According to the World Food Programme (WFP), the projected increase in the human population stands at 2 billion people by 2050. At the same time, world food production is witnessing a declining trend over recent years, and 690 million (8.9%) of the world's population are already in severe starvation. Climate variability and climate change impacts on food security are very eminent today. For this reason, this study explored the real effects of climate variability and change on food security in Africa by applying the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and the Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSEs) estimators on data from 2001–2018 for 38 selected African countries. The findings reveal that higher amounts of precipitation positively influence food security along two dimensions (food availability and utilization). Hotter temperatures negatively impact food availability and utilization. However, it aids food accessibility in Africa. Similarly, carbon dioxide emissions improve food availability and are harmful to food accessibility and food utilization in Africa. Consequently, the effects of climate variability and change on food security in Africa are undesirable, thereby putting the continent at risk of food insecurity over the long run. Given these findings, the study made appropriate recommendations for policy change to address the negative effects of climate variability and change on food security in Africa.
A Novel Framework to Detect Irrelevant Software Requirements Based on MultiPhiLDA as the Topic Model
Authors: Siahaan Daniel , Darnoto Brian Risqi Paradisiaca
Published: August 2022

Noise in requirements has been known to be a defect in software requirements specifications (SRS). Detecting defects at an early stage is crucial in the process of software development. Noise can be in the form of irrelevant requirements that are included within a SRS. A previous study had attempted to detect noise in SRS, in which noise was considered as an outlier. However, the resulting method only demonstrated a moderate reliability due to the overshadowing of unique actor words by unique action words in the topic-word distribution. In this study, we propose a framework to identify irrelevant requirements based on the MultiPhiLDA method. The proposed framework distinguishes the topic-word distribution of actor words and action words as two separate topic-word distributions with two multinomial probability functions. Weights are used to maintain a proportional contribution of actor and action words. We also explore the use of two outlier detection methods, namely Percentile-based Outlier Detection (PBOD) and Angle-based Outlier Detection (ABOD), to distinguish irrelevant requirements from relevant requirements. The experimental results show that the proposed framework was able to exhibit better performance than previous methods. Furthermore, the use of the combination of ABOD as the outlier detection method and topic coherence as the estimation approach to determine the optimal number of topics and iterations in the proposed framework outperformed the other combinations and obtained sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, and G-mean values of 0.59, 0.65, 0.62, and 0.62, respectively.
New Unexpected Species of Acheta (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) from the Italian Volcanic Island of Pantelleria
Authors: Massa Bruno , Cusimano Camillo Antonio , Fontana Paolo , Brizio Cesare
Published: August 2022

In late April 2022, during the hearing of the audio files from an unsupervised bioacoustic assessment of the shearwater populations (Aves, Procellariiformes) on the coast of Pantelleria island (Italy, Sicily), a cricket song of unknown attribution was heard. The first bioacoustic analyses, including FFT-based spectrograms and sound pressure envelopes, confirmed that it could not be attributed to the known sound of any Italian nor Mediterranean species of cricket. In the ensuing weeks, field research made on purpose in the original station and in further localities in the southern coast of Pantelleria provided photographs, living specimens and further audio records. As soon as the photos were shared among the authors, it became clear that the species belonged to the genus Acheta. Further bioacoustic analyses and morphological comparison with type specimens of Mediterranean and North-African congenerics in relevant collections and in the scientific literature were conducted: they confirmed that the findings could only be attributed to a still undescribed species, that escaped detection due to its impervious and unfrequented habitat. Acheta pantescus n. sp. is apparently restricted to the effusive coastal cliffs of the island of Pantelleria, a habitat whose scant extension and vulnerability require environmental protection actions such as the inclusion in a special Red List by the IUCN Italian Committee.
Structural Basis for the Binding of Allosteric Activators Leucine and ADP to Mammalian Glutamate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Aleshin Vasily A. , Bunik Victoria I. , Bruch Eduardo M. , Bellinzoni Marco
Published: August 2022

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) plays a key role in the metabolism of glutamate, an important compound at a cross-road of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and a relevant neurotransmitter. Despite being one of the first discovered allosteric enzymes, GDH still poses challenges for structural characterization of its allosteric sites. Only the structures with ADP, and at low (3.5 Å) resolution, are available for mammalian GDH complexes with allosteric activators. Here we aim at deciphering structural basis for the GDH allosteric activation, using bovine GDH as a model. For the first time we report a mammalian GDH structure in a ternary complex with the activators leucine and ADP, co-crystallized with potassium ion. An improved 2.4 Å resolution of the GDH complex with ADP is also presented. The ternary complex with leucine and ADP differs from the binary complex with ADP by the conformation of GDH C-terminus, involved in the leucine binding and subunit interactions. The potassium site, identified in this work, may mediate interactions between the leucine and ADP binding sites. Our data provide novel insights into the mechanisms of GDH activation by leucine and ADP, linked to the enzyme regulation by (de)acetylation.
Modeling and Control of a Front-Axle Bicycle Robot
Authors: Mavungu Masiala
Published: August 2022

This paper develops feasible control strategies and associated system responses to bring an autonomous front-axle bicycle robot from specified initial conditions to final conditions such that a specific performance index is minimized. To solve the problem, the following approach is used: The feasible controls derived from the normal equations of optimality are substituted into the state and the costate systems and form a combined control-free state-costate system which is vectorized to enable and ease the application of a numerical method. A computer program written in Matlab computer programming language, codes a fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method and then solve the combined state-costate system of ordinary differential equations. The obtained results are the feasible bicycle robot trajectory, the feasible state functions, the feasible costate functions and the feasible control functions. Associated Computational Simulations are designed and provided to persuade on the effectiveness and the reliability of the approach.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND RISK PERCEPTION OF COVID-19 AMONG NIGERIANS
Authors: Fadeyi Abayomi , Adeoti Adekunle Olatayo , Adeboye Muhammed Akanbi Nurudeen , Awosanya Joseph Abioye , Oluwadiya Ibironke Omowumi , Oluwadiya Kehinde Sunday
Published: August 2022

Background: COVID-19 emerged as a novel disease with global health importance. Personal and collective behaviours have been modified to prevent the spread of this pandemic. This study is aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and risk perceptions of Nigerians towards COVID-19. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between the 30th of April and 17th of May 2020 with a national representative among Nigerians using a combination of online and interviewer administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 1,135 respondents participated in the study with a slight male preponderance (M: F=1.5:1). The mean age of the participants was 42±12.2 years with the majority (77%) between the ages of 26 and 55 years. The majority were aware of the pandemic, mostly through mass and social media. Most of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge of COVID-19 but the unaware minority (0.6%) were likewise uneducated. Educational status had no significant association with attitude towards hand washing and wearing of face mask (p>0.05). Risk perception was however low to moderate despite their concerns for COVID-19 and lack of trust in the governments’ response to the disease. Conclusion: The risk perception of COVID-19 among the respondents is not encouraging, hence more advocacy and public orientation must be done to curb further spread of COVID-19 in our setting.
Sustainable Recovery: Updating the SPE Business Model
Authors: Ben-Naceur Kamel
Published: August 2022

As I mentioned in a previous column, the SPE Board of Directors and leadership are reviewing and updating the SPE Strategic Plan. This is a periodic exercise to define the strategic goals that will allow us to better meet member expectations and industry needs in the next 3 to 5 years. The current strategic plan was developed in 2017/2018 on the heels of three very difficult years for the industry, our members, academia, and SPE. Since that time, the industry has experienced even more hardship and changes like never before. The world we live in is not the same. The SPE Strategic Plan to be developed needs to take these issues into consideration and give SPE a solid foundation to best serve our members’ needs into the future using a financially sustainable model.

For more than 30 years, SPE’s main source of revenue has been events. Although SPE quickly ramped up virtual programming in 2020, it did not make up for in-person events such as the Offshore Technology Conference, Offshore Europe, and the International Petroleum Technology Conference.

This graph (developed from SPE financial data) illustrates that from FY2010 (April 2009 to March 2010) SPE had relied on events for at least 70% of its revenue. It also shows how revenue from events is used not only to pay for events but also publications (advertising has fallen dramatically) and for member programs and services. The graphic for Revenue Categories splits event revenues into corporate exhibit/sponsorship (the majority) and registration for comparison with dues and all other revenue sources.

Dues only amount to approximately 15% of SPE’s revenue, except during the pandemic in FY2021. FY2022 was closer to the typical pre-COVID percentage, and the forecasts for FY2023 and FY2024 are projected to be the same.

As a result, we need to review and diversify SPE revenue streams. This may mean new programs and services, markets, membership categories, etc. As our traditional sources of revenue evolve, they must be supplemented if we are to maintain or even add new services.

Over the period of July to August, we have set up a plan for the development of the updated strategic plan which involves interviews of different SPE stakeholders, including leaders of industry companies and a cross section of members, students and academia, regional and technical sections, as well as near-members (who participate in the Society’s events without being members). A channel is being established on SPE Connect for individual members to give their feedback on topics related to the strategic plan. We will post thoughtful discussion topics to gain insight from members. If you are not familiar with SPE Connect, please log on and join the discussion. We look forward to hearing our members’ perspective on the future of our Society.

As always, I welcome your feedback at president@spe.org.
New Life for Old Iron in the US Gulf
Authors: Wright Blake
Published: August 2022

Reduce. Reuse. Recycle. We’ve all heard the mantra and likely recall it as our grade school introduction to the world of recycling. On a personal level, that meant collecting tin cans, flattening cardboard, or gathering plastic or glass receptacles. Many of these waste products return to industry and reemerge as something new and are kept out of a landfill, at least temporarily. When it comes to recycling in the oil and gas industry, many have looked at assets that have reached their end of life in one service and attempted to repurpose them for another.

Offshore rigs have been sold out of the industry to become everything from early warning radar stations for the US military (see the SBX-1) to potential offshore launch pads for Elon Musk’s SpaceX program and beyond. Many offshore platforms in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) either find their way to the scrap yard or into the rigs-to-reefs program, which reuses old, fixed platform jackets as fresh ecosystems for marine life.

However, something that is often talked about but rarely occurs is the reuse of an existing, but idled, production platform on a new field. This appears to be the fate of Independence Hub (IHub)—the floating centerpiece to an ambitious Anadarko Petroleum-led $2-billion deepwater GOM project that aligned several different players and various natural gas discoveries in the mid-2000s (OTC 31155). The last well at IHub ceased production in December 2015, after just 8-plus years of operation. The facility hosted produced volumes of more than 1.3 Tcf of gas, exceeding initial projections for the project by more than 30%. IHub was idled soon after and ultimately decommissioned in 2019.

A New Lease on Life

In May, offshore producer LLOG acquired IHub; it plans to modify the deep-draft, semisubmersible platform to develop a pair of discoveries in the Keathley Canyon area of the GOM. The reborn platform will be renamed Salamanca and will host oil and gas production from the Leon find in Keathley Canyon Blocks 642, 643, 686, and 687 and the Castile discovery (formerly Moccasin) in Block 736. As currently envisaged, two wells from Leon and one well from Castile will be tied back to the unit at its future installation site in Block 689 in 6,400 ft of water. Initial production from the joint development is expected in mid-2025.

“By modifying a previously built production unit compared with constructing a new facility, we are able to reduce significantly the time and cost to bring these discoveries online,” said Philip LeJeune (according to his LinkedIn), president and chief executive of LLOG. “This development will add a significant new source of needed domestic oil and natural gas production when it comes online.”
Forecasting Technique Bridges Gap Between Material Balance and Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: August 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 203941, “Bridging the Gap Between Material Balance and Reservoir Simulation for History Matching and Probabilistic Forecasting Using Machine Learning,” by Nigel H. Goodwin, Essence Analytics. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Currently, building and maintaining a reservoir simulation model is the bottleneck for reservoir decision support. In this paper, the authors describe an approach for creating a digital twin that is informed by the data itself based on established physics modeling and uses a fully probabilistic Bayesian approach.

Statistical Time-Series Modeling and Physics Models

Differences Between Statistical Models and Physics Models. The statistical model includes an error term for each timestep. In practice, this means that the predicted fit to historic data is very good and the error terms are small, but forecasting can have a major funneling effect. Many methods exist for forecasting of statistical models, but the increasing uncertainty of prediction over time, and the large magnitude of uncertainty, is a common feature. The error term implies a future random walk behavior. When forecasting, multiple single-step integrations are being performed in which each step has its own error.

Where known values of exogenous variables exist in the future, prediction uncertainty can be greatly ameliorated. In contrast, the differential algebraic equations (DAE) for a physical model have no error term for each timestep. Each time the model is run with the same parameter values, the same results are obtained.

The error in reservoir simulation lies in measurement error and model error. Errors exist in individual historical measurements (or maybe systemic errors), and the model and its parameters are known to be wrong. For forecasting, a range of models and model parameter values are used—ideally, based around a robust Monte Carlo approach. An ensemble of forecasts can then be generated that represent uncertainty.
Time-Domain Electromagnetic Measurements Aid Evaluation of Multibarrier Corrosion
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: August 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202454,“Multisensor Time-Domain Electromagnetic Measurements for Quantitative Evaluation of Multibarrier Corrosion,” by Sushant Dutta, Pervaiz Iqbal, SPE, and Joseph Olaiya, Baker Hughes. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

A time-domain electromagnetic tool is presented that is capable of quantifying four barriers individually and inspecting a fifth barrier qualitatively. The new tool uses time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) or pulsed-eddy-current technology, which has become a recognized technique for individual quantitative tubular-corrosion evaluation in multiannular well systems (multiple concentric tubulars) in recent years. The novelty of the tool is its ability to exploit the information-rich wide-band-pulsed excitation using three sensors that enhance the sensitivity to multiple barriers.

Physics of Time-Domain Measurements

The TEM tool described in this paper belongs to the broad family of electromagnetic induction tools. Induction tools use a transmitter coil to generate a time-varying magnetic field that induces a time-varying electric field (and hence eddy currents) in the surrounding media. The secondary magnetic field generated by the eddy currents is proportional to the spatial electrical conductivity. A receiver coil measures the time derivative of the secondary magnetic field. Conventionally, induction tools often operate on a time-harmonic (continuous wave) excitation at one or more discrete frequencies.
Changes in the expression of pseudogenes including AKR1B10P1, RP11-465B22.3, WASH8P, and NPM1P25 as a model for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma patient survival
Authors: Firouzi-Farsani Khatereh , Dehghani-Samani Mina , Gerami Razieh , Moosavi Reihaneh Sadat , Gerami Marzieh , Mahdevar Mohammad
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The goal of this study was to look at changes in pseudogene genes level as oncogenes and tumor suppressors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by large-scale analysis and to develop a survival prediction model based on their expression.
Methods
The cancer genome data were applied to evaluate the expression alternations of all pseudogene in HCC and their correlation with patients' prognosis. Also, a risk model was computed based on the expression of pseudogenes and their predictive power in patient mortality rates. The co-expression network and RT-qPCR method were utilized to discover pathways related and confirmed the outcomes, respectively.
Results
The results revealed that 12 pseudogenes were down-regulated in HCC, and their increased expression was associated with good prognosis. Also, 11 pseudogenes were overexpressed and associated with patients' poor prognoses. The multivariate Cox regression test indicated that overexpression of AKR1B10P1, RP11-465B22.3, WASH8P, and downregulation of NPM1P25 could predict the survival rate of patients independent of clinical parameters. The risk score model based on mentioned pseudogenes could considerably distinguish patients based on their fatality rate. Also, the co-expression network shown that the identified pseudogene genes can play a role in fatty acid metabolism, proliferation, and mTOR. RT-qPCR results also showed that the expression level of WASH8P was significantly increased in cancer specimens compared to normal.
Conclusion
Our results revealed that change expression of AKR1B10P1, RP11-465B22.3, WASH8P, and NPM1P25 was independently associated with prognosis and the patient mortality risk model based on these four pseudogenes can reasonably predict the survival rate of patients.
Pedagogical experience in implementing a Standardized Simulated Patient strategy for physical therapy reasoning
Authors: Forero-Nieto Sandra-Liliana , Vargas-Pinilla Olga-Cecilia , Rodriguez-Ibagué Luis-Fernando
Published: August 2022

Background: There are various pedagogical tools that seek to develop the skills of health care students, among which simulated patients have been largely developed. This type of strategy helps nurture the processes of pedagogical innovation in universities and facilitates training the skills of physical therapy students. The objective of this article is to present the results of implementing the standardized simulated patient learning strategy based on the experience of students, actors and drama professors Methods: A qualitative analysis of the content of the information obtained during the implementation was performed. An activity was designed, which included preparing volunteer students to act, who were trained to represent previously structured clinical cases in a complex simulation scenario organized at the simulation laboratory of the School of Medicine and Health Science of Universidad del Rosario. Results: Forty-two students enrolled in the clinical reasoning course of the physical therapy undergraduate program participated in the project. They were organized into four groups for the clinical interview and examination by systems of the simulated patients, according to a clinical case. At the end of each simulation, students participated in the debriefing and were subsequently invited to a discussion group to assess the strategy with the actors and professors of the acting school. Conclusions: This strategy allowed students to experience meeting and interacting with patients, collect data and perform the examination by systems. They jointly practiced their communication skills, team work, metacognition and emotional management. The standardized simulated patient strategy is a pedagogical option highly valued by students. It helps them develop cognitive, psychomotor and attitudinal skills in a protected environment. It is important to offer adequate briefing to favor managing the emotions generated by the simulated environment and to end with a debriefing to analyze students’ performance within the scenario and identify positive aspects to be improved.
An imbalance of netrin-1 and DCC during nigral degeneration in experimental models and patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fan Yi , Hua Ye , Han Wenjing , Zhao Jifeng , Hu Bin , Yao Qingyu , Gao Jing , Liu Yumin , Xu Deen , Lu Yunnan
Published: August 2022

Multiple guidance cues, such as netrin-1 (NTN-1)/deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC), control the guidance of axons and help establish functional neural circuits during development. However, the function of these guidance molecules in the adult brain, particularly during the neurodegenerative process, is unclear. NTN-1 and its receptor DCC play a critical role in the development and function of the midbrain dopamine circuitry. To access the alterations of NTN-1 and DCC during the onset and progression of PD, we first established two subacute and one chronic PD model and found that the imbalance of NTN-1 and DCC was a common feature of nigral DA neuron injury in the early stages of neurodegeneration. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between the NTN-1/DCC pathway and cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. MPP + inhibited NTN-1 expression and increased DCC expression in both a concentration and time-dependent manner, accompanied by reduced phosphorylation levels of FAK and Src. We further discovered a significant decrease in plasma NTN-1 levels and a positive correlation with UPDRS scores in PD patients. Our findings confirmed the imbalance of NTN-1/DCC signaling during nigral degeneration in experimental PD models and found for the first time a correlation of plasma NTN-1 with PD symptoms in patients.
A ruptured pediatric intracranial aneurysm mimicking an epidural hematoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Aldabbour Belal , Shatat Amany , Elnajjar Rola , Matar Neama , Khdair Sewar , Asad Mohammad Dabour , Alhoobi Mohammed
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPediatric intracranial aneurysms are rare. SAH due to a ruptured intracranial aneurysm is potentially catastrophic; therefore, early identification and treatment are essential. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is characterized on brain CT by the presence of blood in the subarachnoid cisterns and sulci.Case presentationAn eight-year-old female presented to the emergency room (ER) unconscious after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. There was no history of fever or head trauma, or a personal or family history of epilepsy. At the ER, she was unresponsive, with dilated and unreactive pupils, absent brainstem reflexes, and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of three. Therefore, she was subsequently intubated. An emergency brain CT scan revealed a hyperdense, lens-shaped right parietal collection with surrounding brain edema and midline shift. The diagnosis of non-traumatic EDH was made. The patient underwent decompressive craniotomy and evacuation. Intraoperatively, the surgeons discovered that the hematoma was due to localized subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to a ruptured distal middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Histopathologic examination of the resected tissue excluded an infectious bacterial or mycotic etiology. After a stable in-hospital course, the patient was discharged. A year later, she remains seizure-free.ConclusionsA well-circumscribed aneurysmal SAH could rarely present as a lens-shaped hematoma, leading to the radiological diagnosis of an epidural hematoma. Good outcome remains likely in pediatric patients with aneurysmal SAH.
Comparing Quantum and Classical Machine Learningfor Vector Boson Scattering Background Reduction at the Large Hadron Collide
Authors: Cugini Davide , Gerace Dario , Govoni Pietro , Perego Aurora , Valsecchi Davide
Published: August 2022

We report on a consistent comparison between techniques of quantum and classical machine learning applied to the classification of signal and background events for the Vector Boson Scattering processes, studied at the Large Hadron Collider installed at the CERN laboratory. Quantum machine learning algorithms based on variational quantum circuits are run on freely available quantum computing hardware, showing very good performances as compared to deep neural networks run on classical computing facilities. In particular, we show that such kind of quantum neural networks are able to correctly classify the signal with an Area Under the characteristic Curve (AUC) that is very close to the one obtained with the corresponding classical neural network, but employing a much lower number of resources, as well as less variable data in the training set. Albeit giving a proof-of-principle demonstration with limited quantum computing resources, this work represents one of the first steps towards the use of near term and noisy quantum hardware for practical event classification in High Energy Physics experiments.