bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Messianism as a political disease: Czesław Miłosz about Russia
Authors: Horbatenko Volodymyr
Published: September 2022

The proposed article examines the phenomenon of political messianism on the basis of refl ections on Russia by the Polish poet and political thinker Czesław Miłosz. The dual nature of the Russian national consciousness is shown; the peculiarities of the thinker’s interpretation of the political determinants of F. Dostoevsky’s work are revealed; the defi ning factors of Soviet totalitarianism, formed under the infl uence of the Russian national idea, were revealed. Prospects for further socio-political development of Russia have been clarifi ed.
An analysis of the Polish thinker’s work showed that Miłosz never believed that Russia could be democratic. According to him, despite the historical transformations of its inherent political regimes, it is invariably an aggressive geographical space that produces a «captive mind» and is manifested in the creation of a specifi c socio-political order, rejection of individual freedom, the tendency to believe in fate as a historical necessity. In his view, Russia does not succumb to common sense. And in one of his last interviews, the poet noted that after the tragedy in Dubrovka, he will have to study Russia again. Accordingly, he believed that in the future, if this country changes, it will not be «Sakharov», but rather – «Solzhenitsyn».
Given the above, in the context of Russia’s war against Ukraine on February 24, 2022 and the challenge to the entire civilized world, it is important for Ukrainians to understand the problems of Eastern («other») Europe in the creative heritage of Czesław Miłosz in order to fi nd answers, which invariably worries us: «What is the path to Ukraine for Ukraine?». This is extremely important given that, like Czesław Miłosz, the Ukrainian man, in search of «another heaven, another earth,» seeks to return to himself in order to protect himself from further spiritual devastation. Hence, the important perspective tasks for us are to fi nd out on the basis of understanding the legacy of C. Miłosz the role of the creative personality in history and its responsibility for the expressed ideas; substantiation of the importance of the language issue for
national development and human self-realization; identifying the factors and consequences of totalitarian rule in Eastern Europe; drawing attention to the acute political and social problems of historical and modern development; clarifying the needs and prospects for the formation of future coexistence of man and humanity.

Key words: messianic worldview, political messianism, national idea, national consciousness, Russian communism, Russian culture.
Strategical orientators of the information policy of Ukraine in the conditions of external aggression
Authors: Tarasyuk Volodymyr
Published: September 2022

National security is not just about the army and professional intelligence services. This is the quality of human capital and the maturity of civil society. Its stability, effi ciency, and cohesion. This is the number of bearers of critical thinking, which allows to identify dangers and counteract provocations.
First of all, we are talking about authoritarian regimes, such as China and Russia, which systematically spend huge sums of money to destabilize the free world. On the other hand, misconceptions about the world governance system, World War II, one’s own history, the war in Donbas, the Holodomor, the Holocaust, or the coronavirus infection always work in the interests of those who seek to subdue and manipulate people. An eff ective mechanism for information expansion is indulgence in the crowd’s low instincts to channel the crowd’s negative energy in the right direction. One of the most powerful engines of Putin’s propaganda, hatred, has been used against Ukraine.
The current Russian propaganda, which replaces diplomacy, «destroys souls» worse than the Soviet one, which, although visually more visible, did not penetrate so deeply into human consciousness. Psychologists point out that the greatest danger of misconceptions lies in people’s sometimes overly sincere belief in their own illusions. They are tightly closed from counter-arguments, are hostile to those with a diff erent vision, and turn into those «useful idiots» who are the easiest to manipulate. People with a mythological consciousness live in a world of simplifi ed reality, where mysticism defeats science, Facebook – competent scientists, and archaism – rational thinking. They are the most prone to conspiracy theories. The bearers of mythological consciousness stubbornly spread messages about the omnipotence of some and the helplessness of others: this corresponds to their picture of the world.
Information security of the state is inextricably linked with the introduction of relevant ideology, culture, values, the formation of public consciousness, where the key role is given to the media, and more precisely to information technology. The latter should be part of public policy to protect all categories of citizens from the negative impact of the digital virtual environment, and above all, children. Media literacy and digital hygiene should become compulsory subjects of the school curriculum (at the level of computer science, programming basics, and classes designed to socialize future voters, taxpayers, responsible citizens); the topic of television and radio programs; the subject of discussion in the columns of the print media; screenplay for documentaries and feature fi lms; reports of public fi gures and government offi cials.
Key words: information policy, information security, civic culture, consolidation of society.
«Putinism» as a variety of authoritarian regime
Authors: Skrypniuk Oleksandr
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the concept and main features of the authoritarian regime, the phenomenon of «Putinism» and its specifi c features. It is substantiated that the topical issues of legal science, in particular the theory of state and law and constitutional law, include the defi nition of the essence and features of the political regime as an important component of the state, as well as their varieties. The most common political regime in human history is authoritarianism.
The scientifi c positions on the interpretation of the meaning of the concept of «authoritarian regime» are analyzed and its main features are highlighted. This article notes that among the key factors that contributed to the authoritarian trend are the weak socio-economic effi ciency of young democracies, the personal insecurity of people who rely on a «strong hand». The frustration of the citizens of the new democracies in their governments has led to a loss of faith in democracy, resulting in instability and political confl ict. On the other hand, the economic success of countries with authoritarian rule «works» to legitimize them and becomes an unfavorable factor for the global spread of democracy.
It is noted that today the most common are two theories of understanding the essence of the regime of «Putinism».
In this article, the author describes the authoritarian regime, and on its basis identifi es specifi c features of «Putinism» as a kind of authoritarian regime.
Key words: political regime, hybrid regime, authoritarian regime, authoritarianism, «Putinism».
INFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE FLOODING AND COMPRESSION CROSS-SECTION OF A HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE WITH UNSTEADY LIQUID MOVEMENT
Authors:   National Transport University, Bashkevych Iryna , Yevseichyk Yurii ,   National Transport University, Medvediev Kostiantyn ,   National Transport University, Parovenko Oksana ,   National Transport University, Sviatyshenko Iryna
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to topical issues of the influence of hydraulic structures on the behavior of channel flow. Issues related to the operation of hydraulic structures located on irrigation canals were considered: - the influence of the degree of flooding on the elements of unsteady movement in open channels; - the influence of flow compression on the elements of unsteady motion in open flows. Quantitative assessment of the impact degree of flooding and compression on the elements of the flow during steady motion was carried out taking into account the recommendations of prof. Bolshakova VO, which are based on the use of the method of prof. Vasilieva OF The question influence of hydraulic structures on the behavior of the channel flow was solved using the equations of Saint-Venan by the numerical method, namely the method of run by the implicit-difference scheme. To close the system when using this method, the following conditions were taken into account: a - initial; b - left and right boundary conditions. The initial conditions are the presence of uniform movement in the channel. The left boundary condition is determined by the schedule of water supply to the channel, which has the form of a triangular hydrograph. The right boundary condition is determined by the known formula of a spillway with a wide threshold. The initial data were obtained from field observations. Quantitative assessment of the impact of flooding and flow compression on the final flow, velocity and depth results was performed. The issue of distribution of the support along the channel bed, which was formed due to the compression of the flow, was solved using the recommendations of E.V. Eremenko. The equation of flow continuity was considered - under the condition of changing the volume of water in the elementary section of the channel. The time of increase in the volume of water due to compression was determined from the formula obtained in the calculation process. Based on the condition that the time factor is a known value, it is possible to obtain a mathematical expression that determines the length of the propagation of the compression effect. Thanks to the obtained formulas, the calculated graphs of the relative maximum depth depending on the degree of flooding were constructed. With the help of these graphs it is possible to solve the problem of water supply in irrigation canals in the presence of flooding and compression of the flow (in case of unsteady movement).
METHOD OF ASSESSING THE DURABILITY OF ASPHALT CONCRETE COATING USING BAKHALT FIBER ON HIGHWAY BRIDGES
Authors:   MAPEI Ukraine LLC, Plaziy Evgeny
Published: September 2022

In the article, based on literature analysis [1-3], a basic calculation scheme was developed for determining horizontal normal stresses in reinforced asphalt concrete coating with basalt fiber on reinforced concrete road bridges, taking into account the different time of action of the load of vehicles, which causes tensile stresses. A method for assessing the durability of asphalt concrete pavement with basalt fiber on reinforced concrete road bridges is proposed, which is aimed at increasing its crack resistance by improving design. Such design consists in the construction and calculation taking into account the repeated application of static and short-term dynamic loads of vehicles. The choice of the durability condition based on the limit state criterion for evaluating the crack resistance of the reinforced asphalt concrete pavement with basalt fiber is substantiated, taking into account the different time of the load and temperature. A method of assessing the durability of asphalt concrete pavement using basalt fiber on reinforced concrete road bridges and the sequence of its design has been developed.
REGRESSION MAXIMUM AND ITS USE TO HYDROECOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Authors:   Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Artemenko Vladislav , Petrovych Volodymyr ,   National Transport University
Published: September 2022

One of the actual problems of hydrochemistry there is influence to solar activity on condition chemical substance in water environment. The goal of the work it is possible estimation relationship some hydrochemical factors and solar activity (Wolf's Numbers W). To this effect the research was given for concentration 〖NH〗_4^+, 〖NO〗_2^- , 〖NO〗_3^- in water large flat river of Ukraine (1991 … 2010 years). The ion concentrations denominated in mg on litre. Were they also analysed given over Wolf's numbers for this period (1991 … 2010 years). Since these dependencies for the best reveals itself at a rate of extreme values that for each value of the Wolf's number selected only maximum to concentrations of the ion. Accordingly building to regressions executed not on all raw data’s but for maximum values concentration only. For this regression execute in two steps: STEP 1: Selected only one (maximum) value concentration of the ion for each unique value of Wolf's number. STEP 2: To prepared by specified way data is used for regression. Experiment has shown that linear regression in this instance to use it is impossible (got the horizontal line). Experiment has also shown adequacy of the use polynomial quantile regression (so it was used this type of regression). It was used median egression (quantile regression for Q=0,5). Median regression demonstrates the observable reduction a concentration of 〖NH〗_4^+, 〖NO〗_2^-,〖 NO〗_3^- when increasing of values Wolf's Numbers. Offered in article “regression for maximus” important for decision of the practical problems of hydroecology. The general trend in behavioyr of Wolf's Numbers can be forecasting on times of the ten years onward. This means as the general trend in behavioyr of 〖NH〗_4^+, 〖NO〗_2^- , 〖NO〗_3^- also can be forecasting on times of ten of years onward (the factor of the purity of natural water). The natural water more pure (the minimum concentration of 〖NH〗_4^+, 〖NO〗_2^- , 〖NO〗_3^-) under high solar activity (high values of Wolf's Numbers).
PROPOSITION FOR IMPROVING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMOLOGY (Part 6)
Authors:   National Transport University, Alieksieienko Oleksandr , Artemchuk Yuliia ,   National Transport University, Koritchuk Sergey ,   National Transport University, Petrashevskyi Oleh ,   National Transport University
Published: September 2022

The basis of this global topic of research of complex transport organizational and technical systems in the field of cargo delivery (СD) are proposals for the restoration, and in some cases the new writing of terms and definitions, which unambiguously set epistemology (knowledge), subjects and objects, events and the condition of the delivery processes of goods semantics by destination, both within Ukraine and abroad. The previous five articles [1-5] give modern definitions of some old terms made in the 1970s and 1980s. The material of this part of the general methodological section on the creation of a modern terminological system of cargo delivery is based on the terms and definitions given in the previous parts of the global article devoted to proposals for improving the terminology of transport systemology [1-5]. Therefore, today, a systematic approach to transport problems, but a systemology based on the application of categories and processes logical-mathematical perception, is particularly relevant. The idea of [1-5].bringing transport research to a conclusion by solving differential and integral equations failed, which was repeatedly warned by L. von Bertalanffy, N.I. Setrov and N. Winner himself, and only the application of logical-linguistic approaches to complex organizational and technical systems gives tangible results. What has been said fully applies to complex transport systems. Again, repeating, one should start this approach to transport processes, or rather to processes in which the transport of the country is involved, as the passengers and goods delivery component, by reviewing the past and creating a new terminological apparatus for the study of actions, procedures and decisions of goods delivery (DV ). This is today's formulation of the problem: to give one's vision of the terminology of transport systemology.
АНАЛІЗ ДОСТУПНОСТІ ТА УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ВЕБ-ПРОДУКТУ ДЛЯ КОРИСТУВАЧІВ З ОБМЕЖЕНИМИ МОЖЛИВОСТЯМИ НА ПРИКЛАДІ САЙТУ НТУ
Authors:   National Transport University, Bezverkhy Oleksandr , Donets Veronika ,   National Transport University
Published: September 2022

The work is devoted to researching the accessibility of the web product http://www.ntu.edu.ua/ for users with disabilities using assistive technologies. An analysis was carried out at all stages of the software development life cycle for accessibility according to the document "Specification of requirements for software" and according to WCAG3[1,2,4,6]. An analysis of software accessibility testing was conducted using one of the WAVE[9] automatic accessibility testing tools, along with keyboard and NVDA screen reader testing. The analysis was carried out and recommendations were made to eliminate inconsistencies for the web product http://www.ntu.edu.ua/, in accordance with the requirements of WCAG21[7,8].
ON THE QUESTION OF CREATING A TRAILER BUS TRAIN
Authors:   National Transport University, Sakhno Volodymyr , Dykich Oleksandr ,   National Transport University
Published: September 2022

Hinged buses and bus trains are usually operated in large cities with heavy traffic. Therefore, the traction and speed properties of bus trains should be at the level of single buses. Among the 13 indicators of traction and speed properties that assess the dynamics of the road train, the most important are maximum speed, acceleration during acceleration, time and path of acceleration to maximum speed, acceleration time on the path of 400 and 1000 m. road trains. The A70132 diesel bus and the A701 electric bus were selected as the object of the study when working with the trailer. A comparative assessment of these buses on the indicators of traction and speed properties. It was found that the use of electric buses to create a bus train is problematic in view of the lack of traction in the area of high loads due to the acceleration of the bus. However, for a bus with diesel there is a significant reserve of traction in lower gears, due to the operation of the torque converter. The efficiency of using such a bus train when working on urban routes, where there is a limit on the maximum speed at 50 km / h. If the speed increases to 70 km / h, the use of a bus train consisting of a bus A70132 and a trailer with a total weight of 16,000 kg becomes inefficient. To increase the speed, it is necessary to either increase the power of the bus engine or activate the trailer.
FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE AS A MICROECONOMIC SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE STATE OF WAR
Authors:   National Transport University, Grechan Alla
Published: September 2022

The article defines and characterizes the peculiarities of the functioning of the transport sector enterprise from the standpoint of a systemic approach in the conditions of martial law. The proposition that the enterprise, as an open economic system, is the determining basis of the national economic system is substantiated. A modern approach to the generalization of the functioning of transport enterprises in the conditions of military aggression against Ukraine from the standpoint of microeconomic theory is proposed, which is extremely important and relevant in modern realities. It has been established that transport enterprises provide the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other established military formations in accordance with the laws of Ukraine. They establish connections between business and sectors of the national economy, the population, performing extremely important functions. It is noted that the efficiency and optimization of transportation is a vital component for our victory and the functioning of the economy. Therefore, an important task for transport enterprises is not only survival in the conditions of today's social, humanitarian and economic crisis, but also the creation and active use of the ability to develop. An analysis of the current state of the external environment of the transport enterprise was carried out in all its functional areas (state, social, legal, political, economic, technological, resource environment). It was noted that all environments, without exception, underwent drastic changes. It was emphasized that all transformations in activity are related to the reorientation of the entire system of the national economy in a single direction - to repel the enemy. At the same time, conditions are being created for the recovery of Ukraine after the war, new opportunities for building a high-tech economy are opening up, but their implementation depends on many factors, the direct influence of which is subject to further scientific justification.
Fusion NEW Multifocal lenses are a novelty on the Russian market of contact vision correction. Lens fitting guide
Authors: Bakalova N. A.
Published: September 2022

Presbyopia is becoming a global problem worldwide, leading to reduced quality of life due to lack of correction or hypocorrection in 94% of people over 45. Multifocal soft contact lenses (MFCLs) are one of the fastest growing methods of contact correction for presbyopia. According to a report by our international colleagues, MFCLs represent 14% of all types of MCLs worldwide in 2021, an increase of 2% from 2020.In this article we will look at the OKVision® Fusion NEW Multifocal fitting algorithm to help professionals simplify and speed up the fitting process and help patients get the vision quality they want at the right distances.
Prospects of rhizobial inoculant technology on Bambara groundnut crop production and growth
Authors: Fwanyanga Felicitas M. , Horn Lydia N. , Sibanda Timothy , Reinhold-Hurek Barbara
Published: September 2022

After peanuts and cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), the Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) is the third most significant food legume in Africa. It is characteristically grown in marginal soils, is drought tolerant, and also has the potential for nitrogen fixation. Despite that, year-on-year Bambara groundnut yields are on a gradual decline due to a combination of abiotic and biotic stresses such as uneven annual rainfall and climate-induced changes in soil microbial community compositions, negatively impacting food security. Thus, the application of rhizobial inoculants at planting significantly improves yields in many leguminous crops. Moreover, symbiotic inoculants are well established in developed countries for improving nitrogen fixation and productivity in grain legumes. Sub-Saharan African countries, however, still under-utilise the above practice. In crop production, nitrogen (N) is the most frequently deficient nutrient since it stimulates root and shoots growth. Whereas nitrogen fertilisers can be used to supplement soil N levels, they are, however, also costly, at times inadequate, may not be timely in supply and may have deleterious environmental consequences. Hence, rhizobial inoculants are seen as a cheaper, easier, and safer method for improving N-fixation and crop productivity in grain legumes, as a result, smallholder farming systems are food secure. Thus, identifying the most efficient rhizobial strains for biofertiliser production for Bambara groundnut is of utmost importance to the farming communities.
Bioinspired liquid-infused surface for biomedical and biosensing applications
Authors: Yang Yuemeng , Zhu Qinglin , Xu Li-Ping , Zhang Xueji
Published: September 2022

Nature always inspires us to develop advanced materials for diverse applications. The liquid-infused surface (LIS) inspired by Nepenthes pitcher plants has aroused broad interest in fabricating anti-biofouling materials over the past decade. The infused liquid layer on the solid substrate repels immiscible fluids and displays ultralow adhesion to various biomolecules. Due to these fascinating features, bioinspired LIS has been applied in biomedical-related fields. Here, we review the recent progress of LIS in bioengineering, medical devices, and biosensing, and highlight how the infused liquid layer affects the performance of medical materials. The prospects for the future trend of LIS are also presented.
Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through cartilage matrix-inspired surface coatings
Authors: Zhao Mingyan , Gao Xiang , Wei Jinsong , Tu Chenlin , Zheng Hong , Jing Kaipeng , Chu Jiaqi , Ye Wei , Groth Thomas
Published: September 2022

The stem cell niche comprises soluble molecules and extracellular matrix components which provide chemical and mechanical cues that determine the differentiation of stem cells. Here, the effect of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) composition and terminal layer fabricated with layer-by-layer technique (LBL) pairing either hyaluronan [in its native (nHA) and oxidized form (oHA)] or chondroitin sulfate (CS) with type I collagen (Col I) is investigated on chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). Physical studies performed to investigate the establishment and structure of the surface coatings show that PEM composed of HA and Col I show a dominance of nHA or oHA with considerably lesser organization of Col I fibrils. In contrast, distinguished fibrilized Col I is found in nCS-containing PEM. Generally, Col I-terminated PEM promote the adhesion, migration, and growth of hUC-MSCs more than GAG-terminated surfaces due to the presence of fibrillar Col I but show a lower degree of differentiation towards the chondrogenic lineage. Notably, the Col I/nHA PEM not only supports adhesion and growth of hUC-MSCs but also significantly promotes cartilage-associated gene and protein expression as found by histochemical and molecular biology studies, which is not seen on the Col I/oHA PEM. This is related to ligation of HA to the cell receptor CD44 followed by activation of ERK/Sox9 and noncanonical TGF-β signaling-p38 pathways that depends on the molecular weight of HA as found by immune histochemical and western blotting. Hence, surface coatings on scaffolds and other implants by PEM composed of nHA and Col I may be useful for programming MSC towards cartilage regeneration.
The role of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: Current perspectives and future challenges
Authors: He Min , Chen Tianyi , Lv Yuhuan , Song Peiyang , Deng Bo , Guo Xuewen , Rui Shunli , Boey Johnson , Armstrong David G. , Ma Yu , Deng Wuquan
Published: September 2022

The frequency of chronic cutaneous wounds are sharply increasing in aging populations. Patients with age-related diseases, such as diabetes, tumors, renal failure and stroke are prone to soft tissue and skin injury, compounded by slowed healing in aging. Imbalance of wound inflammation, loss of growth factor secretion, and impairment of tissue repair abilities are all possible reasons for failed healing. Therefore, it is vital to explore novel approaches to accelerate wound healing. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a cell therapy has been widely applied for tissue repair and regeneration. PRP promotes wound healing by releasing antimicrobial peptides, growth factors and micro-RNAs. Medical evidence indicates that autologous platelet-rich plasma (au-PRP) can promote wound healing effectively, safely and rapidly. However, its clinical application is usually restricted to patients with chronic cutaneous wounds, generally because of other severe complications and poor clinical comorbidities. Allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (al-PRP), with abundant sources, has demonstrated its superiority in the field of chronic wound treatment. Al-PRP could overcome the limitations of au-PRP and has promising prospects in clinical applications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current status and future challenges of al-PRP in chronic cutaneous wound management. We also summarized clinical cases to further describe the application of al-PRP for chronic wounds in clinical practice.
Recent updates on anticancer mechanisms of polyphenols
Authors: Sharma Eshita , Attri Dharam Chand , Sati Priyanka , Dhyani Praveen , Szopa Agnieszka , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Hano Christophe , Calina Daniela , Cho William C.
Published: September 2022

In today’s scenario, when cancer cases are increasing rapidly, anticancer herbal compounds become imperative. Studies on the molecular mechanisms of action of polyphenols published in specialized databases such as Web of Science, Pubmed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were used as sources of information for this review. Natural polyphenols provide established efficacy against chemically induced tumor growth with fewer side effects. They can sensitize cells to various therapies and increase the effectiveness of biotherapy. Further pharmacological translational research and clinical trials are needed to evaluate theirs in vivo efficacy, possible side effects and toxicity. Polyphenols can be used to design a potential treatment in conjunction with existing cancer drug regimens such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Prognosis-related genes participate in immunotherapy of renal clear cell carcinoma possibly by targeting dendritic cells
Authors: Fang Guodong , Wang Xudan
Published: September 2022

Tumor immunotherapy has become one of the most promising approaches to tumor treatment. This study aimed to screen genes involved in the response of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) to immunotherapy and analyze their function. Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets, we screened out nine differentially expressed genes (TYROBP, APOC1, CSTA, LY96, LAPTM5, CD300A, ALOX5, C1QA, and C1QB) associated with clinical traits and prognosis. A risk signature constructed by these nine genes could predict the survival probability for patients at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years. The immune checkpoint blockade response rate in the high-risk group was significantly higher than in the low-risk group (49.25% vs. 24.72%, p ≤ 0.001). The nine prognosis-related genes were negatively correlated with activated dendritic cells in the low-risk group but not in the high-risk group. qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence showed that the nine prognosis-related genes were associated with dendritic cell activity and the PD-1 positive staining rate. In conclusion, the nine prognosis-related genes have a high prognostic value. The patients in the high-risk group were more likely to benefit from immunotherapy, and the mechanism might be related to the release of dendritic cell-mediated immunosuppression.
Synthesis and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of new spiro-1,2,4-triazine derivatives applying Ag/Fe3O4/CdO@MWCNT MNCs as efficient organometallic nanocatalysts
Authors: Ezzatzadeh Elham , Soleimani-Amiri Somayeh , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Khandan Barani Khatereh
Published: September 2022

We applied thePetasites hybridusrhizome water extract as green media so that Ag/Fe3O4/CdO@ multi-walled carbon nanotubes magnetic nanocomposites (Ag/Fe3O4/CdO@MWCNTs MNCs) could be prepared. We also evaluated its activity by using in the one-pot multicomponent reaction of acetophenones, diethyl oxalate, ammonium acetate, and activated carbonyl compounds such as ninhydrin, isatin and acenaphthylene-1,2-dione, and malononitrile and hydrazoyl chlorides in an aqueous medium at room temperature for the generation of spiro-1,2,4-triazines as new derivatives with tremendous output. Moreover, reducing organic pollutants from 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was carried out by generating Ag/Fe3O4/CdO@MWCNTs in water at room temperature. The results displayed that Ag/Fe3O4/CdO@MWCNTs reduced pollutants of organic compounds in a short time. The synthesized spiro-1,2,4-triazines have NH and OH functional groups having acidic hydrogen with high antioxidant power. Also, the spiro-1,2,4-triazines exhibited antimicrobial ability. For this purpose, the disk diffusion method was applied and two kinds of bacteria, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, were employed for the analysis. Furthermore, we applied functional theory-based quantum chemical methods in order to better understand reaction mechanism density. To generate spiro-1,2,4-triazines, the applied process showed many properties such as reactions with short time, products with good yields, and simple extraction of catalyst from a mixture of reactions.
Natural products targeting human lactate dehydrogenases for cancer therapy: A mini review
Authors: Yao Huankai , Yang Feng , Li Yan
Published: September 2022

Reprogramming cancer metabolism has become the hallmark of cancer progression. As the key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate to lactate in aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells, human lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has been a promising target in the discovery of anticancer agents. Natural products are important sources of new drugs. Up to now, some natural compounds have been reported with the activity to target LDH. To give more information on the development of LDH inhibitors and application of natural products, herein, we reviewed the natural compounds with inhibition of LDH from diverse structures and discussed the future direction of the discovery of natural LDH inhibitors for cancer therapy.
Whole genome sequencing of OXA-232-producing wzi93-KL112-O1 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in human bloodstream infection co-harboring chromosomal ISEcp1-based blaCTX-M-15 and one rmpA2-associated virulence plasmid
Authors: Tian Chongmei , Xing Mengyu , Zhao Yaping , Fan Xueyu , Bai Yongfeng , Fu Liping , Wang Siwei
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To characterize one OXA-232-producing wzi93-KL112-O1 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) co-harboring chromosomal blaCTX-M-15 and one rmpA2-associated virulence plasmid.

Methods

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured via broth microdilution method. Conjugation, chemical transformation, string test and Galleria mellonella infection model experiments were also conducted. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the Illumina and Nanopore platforms. Antimicrobial resistance determinants were identified using ABRicate program with ResFinder database. Insertion sequences (ISs) were identified using ISfinder. Bacterial virulence factors were identified using virulence factor database (VFDB). Wzi, capsular polysaccharide (KL) and lipoolygosaccharide (OCL) were analyzed using Kleborate with Kaptive. Phylogenetic analysis of 109 ST15 K. pneumoniae strains was performed using core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) on the Ridom SeqSphere+ server. MLST, replicons type, SNP strategies and another cgMLST analysis for 45 OXA-232-producing K. pneumoniae strains were further conducted using BacWGSTdb server.

Results

K. pneumoniae KPTCM strain belongs to ST15 with wzi93, KL112 and O1. It possessed a multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile and was resistant to carbapenems (meropenem and ertapenem), ciprofloxacin and amikacin. Virulence assays demonstrated KPTCM strain possesses a low virulence phenotype. WGS revealed it contained one circular chromosome and nine plasmids. The carbapenemase-encoding gene blaOXA-232 was located in a 6141-bp ColKP3-type non-conjugative plasmid and flanked by ΔISEcp1 and ΔlysR-ΔereA. Interestingly, blaCTX-M-15 was located in the chromosome mediated by ISEcp1-based transposon Tn2012. Importantly, it harbored a rmpA2-associated pLVPK-like virulence plasmid with iutA-iucABCD gene cluster and one IS26-mediated MDR fusion plasmid according to 8-bp (AGCTGCAC or GGCCTTTG) target site duplications (TSD). Based on the cgMLST and SNP analysis, data showed OXA-232-producing ST15 K. pneumoniae isolates were mainly isolated from China and have evolved in recent years.

Conclusions

Early detection of CRKP strains carrying chromosomal blaCTX-M-15, OXA-232 carbapenemase and pLVPK-like virulence plasmid is recommended to avoid the extensive spread of this high-risk clone.
On the need for narratives in patient information: Differentiating types and functions of narratives from pulmonary embolism patients' point of view
Authors: Kalch Anja , Küchler Constanze , Albani Aliscia Rebecca , Bilandzic Helena , Fischer Simone , Kirchberger Inge
Published: September 2022

The inclusion of narratives in evidence-based patient information is a heavily discussed topic in literature. Narratives elicit intense engagement and emotional insights, but may also cause unintended persuasion effects. There is mixed evidence that adding narratives to non-narrative factual patient information is valuable for patients. In addition, providing patients with narratives about the outcome of treatments has been found to bias treatment decisions, in line with the direction implied by the narratives. This may counteract informed decision making of patients. However, narratives about the process of a treatment and personal experiences with treatments may support the well-being of patients in tertiary prevention. In order to investigate patients' views on narratives and their function in patient information, we conducted 26 semi-structured qualitative interviews with pulmonary embolism patients. Answers were coded using thematic analysis. Results show that patients are especially interested in experience and process narratives when combined with evidence-based patient information. We identified four main functions of experience and process narratives that patients ascribe to these narratives: (1) motivating self-reflection and reflection on the recovery process, (2) reducing the feeling of loneliness, (3) reducing emotional distress, and (4) inspiring mindful mastery.
Early ACEI/ARB use and in-hospital outcomes of acute myocardial infarction patients with systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Findings from the CCC-ACS project
Authors: Zhao Xuedong , Zhao Guanqi , Zhou Mengge , Wang Ge , Ma Changsheng , Smith Sidney C. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Morgan Louise , Que Bin , Ai Hui , Liu Jing , Zhao Dong , Nie Shaoping
Published: September 2022

Background

Few studies have evaluated whether acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with relatively low blood pressure benefit from early ACEI/ARB use in the era of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Objectives

This study evaluated the associations of ACEI/ARB use within 24 h of admission with in-hospital outcomes among AMI patients with SBP < 100 mmHg and undergoing PCI.

Methods

This study was based on the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-ACS project, a collaborative registry and quality improvement project of the American Heart Association and the Chinese Society of Cardiology. Between November 2014 and December 2019, a total of 94,623 patients with AMI were enrolled. Of them, 4,478 AMI patients with SBP < 100 mmHg and undergoing PCI but without clinically diagnosed cardiogenic shock at admission were included. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score-matching analysis were used to evaluate the association between early ACEI/ARB use and in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), a combination of all-cause death, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest.

Results

Of AMI patients, 24.41% (n = 1,093) were prescribed ACEIs/ARBs within 24 h of admission. Patients with early ACEI/ARB use had a significantly lower rate of MACEs than those without ACEI/ARB use (1.67% vs. 3.66%, p = 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, early ACEI/ARB use was associated with a 45% lower risk of MACEs (odds ratio: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.93; p = 0.027). Further propensity score-matching analysis still showed that patients with early ACEI/ARB use had a lower rate of MACEs (1.96% vs. 3.93%, p = 0.009).

Conclusion

This study found that among AMI patients with an admission SBP < 100 mmHg undergoing PCI, early ACEI/ARB use was associated with better in-hospital outcomes. Additional studies of the early use of ACEIs/ARBs in AMI patients with relatively low blood pressure are warranted.
Detection of myocardial fibrosis: Where we stand
Authors: Zhu Leyi , Wang Yining , Zhao Shihua , Lu Minjie
Published: September 2022

Myocardial fibrosis, resulting from the disturbance of extracellular matrix homeostasis in response to different insults, is a common and important pathological remodeling process that is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including arrhythmia, heart failure, or even sudden cardiac death. Over the past decades, multiple non-invasive detection methods have been developed. Laboratory biomarkers can aid in both detection and risk stratification by reflecting cellular and even molecular changes in fibrotic processes, yet more evidence that validates their detection accuracy is still warranted. Different non-invasive imaging techniques have been demonstrated to not only detect myocardial fibrosis but also provide information on prognosis and management. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is considered as the gold standard imaging technique to non-invasively identify and quantify myocardial fibrosis with its natural ability for tissue characterization. This review summarizes the current understanding of the non-invasive detection methods of myocardial fibrosis, with the focus on different techniques and clinical applications of CMR.
Identification of differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes in abdominal aortic aneurysm: Bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wang Kun , Song Yancheng , Li Hong , Song Jianshu , Wang Shizhong
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes associated with ferroptosis in AAA through bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental validation.

Materials and methods

Firstly, the mRNA expression profile datasets GSE57691 and GSE47472 from Gene Expression Omnibus database were screened, and principal component analysis was carried out. Next, the R software (version 4.0.0) was used to analyze potentially differentially expressed genes associated with AAA and ferroptosis. Subsequently, protein–protein interaction analysis, gene ontology enrichment analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the selected candidate genes. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of the first five selected abnormal ferroptosis-related genes in clinical samples obtained from patients with AAA and healthy controls.

Results

Based on the information contained in the two datasets, a total of 20 differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (three upregulated genes and 17 downregulated genes) were selected. Protein–protein interaction analysis demonstrated interaction between these genes, while gene ontology enrichment analysis of ferroptosis genes with differential expression indicated that some enrichment items were associated with oxidative stress. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) were consistent with the bioinformatics prediction results obtained from the mRNA chip.

Conclusion

Bioinformatics analysis identified 20 potential ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes in AAA. Further verification by qRT-PCR showed that IL-6, PRXD1, and SCD might affect the process of AAA by regulating ferroptosis. Our results might assist in further understanding the pathogenesis of AAA and guiding treatment.
Quantifying continental collision dynamics for Alpine-style orogens
Authors: van Agtmaal Luuk , van Dinther Ylona , Willingshofer Ernst , Matenco Liviu
Published: September 2022

When continents collide, the arrival of positively buoyant continental crust slows down subduction. This collision often leads to the detachment of earlier subducted oceanic lithosphere, which changes the subsequent dynamics of the orogenic system. Recent studies of continental collision infer that the remaining slab may drive convergence through slab roll-back even after detachment. Here we use two-dimensional visco-elasto-plastic thermo-mechanical models to explore the conditions for post-collisional slab steepening versus shallowing by quantifying the dynamics of continental collision for a wide range of parameters. We monitor the evolution of horizontal mantle drag beneath the overriding plate and vertical slab pull to show that these forces have similar magnitudes and interact continuously with each other. We do not observe slab rollback or steepening after slab detachment within our investigated parameter space. Instead, we observe a two-stage elastic and viscous slab rebound process lasting tens of millions of years, which is associated with slab unbending and eduction that together generate orogenic widening and trench shift towards the foreland. Our parametric studies show that the initial length of the oceanic plate and the stratified lithospheric rheology exert a key control on the orogenic evolution. When correlated with previous studies our results suggest that post-detachment slab rollback may only be possible when minor amounts of continental crust subduct. Among the wide variety of natural scenarios, our modelling applies best to the evolution of the Central European Alps. Furthermore, the mantle drag force may play a more important role in continental dynamics than previously thought. Finally, our study illustrates that dynamic analysis is a useful quantitative framework that also intuitively explains observed model kinematics.
Osteocytes and the pathogenesis of hypophosphatemic rickets
Authors: Yamazaki Miwa , Michigami Toshimi
Published: September 2022

Since phosphorus is a component of hydroxyapatite, its prolonged deprivation affects bone mineralization. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is essential for maintaining phosphate homeostasis and is mainly produced by osteocytes. FGF23 increases the excretion of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and decreases the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the kidneys. Osteocytes are cells of osteoblastic lineage that have undergone terminal differentiation and become embedded in mineralized bone matrix. Osteocytes express FGF23 and other multiple genes responsible for hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets, which include phosphate-regulating gene homologous to endopeptidase on X chromosome (PHEX), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and family with sequence similarity 20, member C (FAM20C). Since inactivating mutations in PHEX, DMP1, and FAM20C boost the production of FGF23, these molecules might be considered as local negative regulators of FGF23. Mouse studies have suggested that enhanced FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling is involved in the overproduction of FGF23 in PHEX-deficient X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) and DMP1-deficient autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 1. Since FGFR is involved in the transduction of signals evoked by extracellular Pi, Pi sensing in osteocytes may be abnormal in these diseases. Serum levels of sclerostin, an inhibitor Wnt/β-catenin signaling secreted by osteocytes, are increased in XLH patients, and mouse studies have suggested the potential of inhibiting sclerostin as a new therapeutic option for the disease. The elucidation of complex abnormalities in the osteocytes of FGF23-related hypophosphatemic diseases will provide a more detailed understanding of their pathogenesis and more effective treatments.
Membrane estrogen signaling in female reproduction and motivation
Authors: Johnson Caroline S. , Micevych Paul E , Mermelstein Paul G.
Published: September 2022

Estrogen receptors were initially identified in the uterus, and later throughout the brain and body as intracellular, ligand-regulated transcription factors that affect genomic change upon ligand binding. However, rapid estrogen receptor signaling initiated outside of the nucleus was also known to occur via mechanisms that were less clear. Recent studies indicate that these traditional receptors, estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β, can also be trafficked to act at the surface membrane. Signaling cascades from these membrane-bound estrogen receptors (mERs) not only rapidly effect cellular excitability, but can and do ultimately affect gene expression, as seen through the phosphorylation of CREB. A principal mechanism of neuronal mER action is through glutamate-independent transactivation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which elicits multiple signaling outcomes. The interaction of mERs with mGluRs has been shown to be important in many diverse functions in females, including, but not limited to, reproduction and motivation. Here we review membrane-initiated estrogen receptor signaling in females, with a focus on the interactions between these mERs and mGluRs.