bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking miRNA reference genes in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Mack Teresa , Gianferri Tommaso , Niedermayer Alexandra , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Meyer Lüder H. , Muench Vera
Published: November 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play dual roles in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes, and miRNA expression profiles can be used for patient risk stratification. Precise assessment of miRNA levels is crucial for understanding their role and function in gene regulation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective method for analyzing miRNA expression, assuming that appropriate normalization to stable references is performed to ensure valid data. In this study, we evaluated the stability of six commonly used miRNA references (5sRNA, SNORD44, RNU6, RNU1A1, miR-103a-3p, and miR-532-5p) across nine B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL cell lines, 22 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) BCP ALL samples from different organ compartments of leukemia bearing mice, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from six healthy donors. We used four different algorithms (Normfinder, ∆CT, geNorm, and BestKeeper) to assess the most stably expressed reference across all samples. Moreover, we validated our data in an additional set of 13 PDX ALL samples and six healthy controls, identifying miR-103a-3p and miR-532-5p as the most stable references for miRNA normalization in BCP ALL studies. Additionally, we demonstrated the critical importance of using a stable reference to accurately interpret miRNA data.
Innovative hybrid approach: digital and analog fabrication of orbital prosthesis for post-COVID-19 mucormycosis defects using photogrammetry technique
Authors: Bansod Akansha Vilas , Pisulkar Sweta Kale , Beri Arushi , Jain Ritul , Deshmukh Shruti , Umre Utkarsh
Published: November 2024

In addition to anatomical loss, removal of the full or portion of the orbit results in a facial deformity and psychological distress for the patient. This article details a practical case of prosthetic rehabilitation using digital workflow for an orbital deformity caused by post-COVID-19 Mucor mycosis. The main goal of this case study was to create a maxillofacial orbital prosthesis that is well-retained, simple to use, and accurate in terms of appearance. The study addresses the problems involved in fabricating the orbital prosthesis, particularly the unique dimensions and form of the defect, replicating the natural skin tone, and accomplishing retention by the most prudent and patient-friendly approach. Through this article, a digitised algorithm, using photogrammetry technique for facial scan, is suggested for fabricating the prosthesis.
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 in unvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Vrij Casper , Bogaerts Kris , Vermeersch Pieter , Lagrou Katrien , Molenberghs Geert , Rega Filip , Ceulemans Laurens J. , Van Raemdonck Dirk , Jochmans Ina , Monbaliu Diethard , Pirenne Jacques , Robaeys Geert , De Moor Bart , Vanuytsel Tim , Gillard Pieter , Schoemans Hélène , Van Cleemput Johan , Kuypers Dirk , Vos Robin , Nevens Frederik , Verbeek Jef
Published: November 2024

The role of immunosuppressive therapy on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and COVID-19 severity remains unclear in unvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients. We included 1957 organ transplant recipients between July 2020 and April 2021 to analyze whether baseline immunosuppressive therapy and other risk factors are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. In total, 247 (12.6%) had SARS-CoV-2 (defined as positive nasopharyngeal swab and/or positive antibody titer). Of these, 57 (23.1%) had severe COVID-19, defined as oxygen supplementation, intensive care unit admission or death. Multivariable analysis identified diabetes (hazard ratio (HR) 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.83)), chronic lung disease (HR 1.71 (95% CI 1.13–2.60)) and contact with a COVID-19 positive individual (HR 3.61 (95% CI 2.61–4.99) as independent risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. There was no association between immunosuppressive therapy and infection risk. Severe COVID-19 was multivariably associated with hypertension (OR 5.45 (95% CI 1.66–17.84)), chronic kidney disease (OR 3.55 (95% CI 1.75–7.19)), corticosteroid use (OR 2.93 (95% CI 1.03–2.55)) and having a COVID-19 positive housemate (OR 6.77 (95% CI 2.65–17.28)). In conclusion, baseline corticosteroid use, but no other immunosuppressive agent, is independently associated with severe COVID-19 in unvaccinated SOT recipients after correction for hypertension, chronic kidney disease, housemates affected by COVID-19 and transplant type.
Analysis of molecular mechanisms of delafloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kubicskó András , Kamotsay Katalin , Szabó Dóra , Kocsis Béla
Published: November 2024

In this study delafloxacin resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli strains were analyzed. Delafloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone, that is approved for clinical application however, resistance against this agent is scarcely reported. In our study 37 E. coli strains were included and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for ciprofloxacin, delafloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, imipenem. Six delafloxacin resistant E. coli strains were selected for whole-genome sequencing and all of them exhibited resistance to other fluoroquinonlones and showed an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotype. The six delafloxacin resistant E. coli strains belonged to different sequence types (STs) namely, ST131 (2 strains), ST57 (2 strains), ST162 and ST15840. Each delafloxacin resistant strain possessed multiple mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs). Notably, three mutations in gyrA Ser83Leu, Asp87Asn and parC Ser80Ile were in strains of ST162, ST57 and ST15840. However, the two strains of ST131 carried five combined mutations namely, gyrA Ser83Leu, Asp87Asn, parC Ser80Ile, Glu84Val, parE Ile549Leu. Association of delafloxacin resistance and production of CTX-M-15 in ST131, CMY-2 in ST162 and ST15840 was detected. In this study a new ST, ST15840 of clonal complex 69 was identified. Our results demonstrate, that at least three mutations in QRDRs are required for delafloxacin resistance in E. coli.
Antibacterial and wound healing stimulant nanofibrous dressing consisting of soluplus and soy protein isolate loaded with mupirocin
Authors: Jahani Maryam , Asefnejad Azadeh , Al-Musawi Mastafa H. , Mohammed Ahmed A. , Al-Sudani Basma Talib , Hameed Al-bahrani Maha , Kadhim Nada A. , Shahriari-Khalaji Mina , Valizadeh Hamideh , Sharifianjazi Fariborz , Mehrjoo Morteza , Tavamaishvili Ketevan , Tavakoli Mohamadreza
Published: November 2024

Severe cutaneous injuries may not heal spontaneously and may necessitate the use of supplementary therapeutic methods. Electrospun nanofibers possess high porosity and specific surface area, which provide the necessary microenvironment for wound healing. Here in, the nanofibers of Soluplus-soy protein isolate (Sol-SPI) containing mupirocin (Mp) were fabricated via electrospinning for wound treatment. The fabricated nanofibers exhibited water absorption capacities of about 300.83 ± 29.72% and water vapor permeability values of about 821.8 ± 49.12 g/m2 day. The Sol/SPI/Mp nanofibers showed an in vitro degradability of 33.73 ± 3.55% after 5 days. The ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation of the Sol/SPI/Mp nanofibers were measured as 3.61 ± 0.29 MPa, 39.15 ± 5.08 MPa, and 59.11 ± 1.94%, respectively. Additionally, 85.90 ± 6.02% of Mp loaded in the nanofibers was released in 5 days in vitro, and by applying the Mp-loaded nanofibers, 93.06 ± 5.40% and 90.40 ± 5.66% of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria were killed, respectively. Human keratinocyte cells (HaCat) demonstrated notable biocompatibility with the prepared nanofibers. Furthermore, compare to other groups, Sol-SPI-Mp nanofibers caused the fastest re-epithelialization and wound healing in a rat model. The findings of this study present a novel nanofiber-based wound dressing that accelerates the healing of severe skin wounds with the risk of infection.
Enhanced efficiency of carbon based all perovskite tandem solar cells via cubic plasmonic metallic nanoparticles with dielectric nano shells
Authors: Fard Amir Hossein Mohammadian , Matloub Samiye
Published: November 2024

This study investigates a carbon-based all-perovskite tandem solar cell (AP-TSC) with the structure ITO, SnO₂, Cs₀.₂FA₀.₈Pb(I₀.₇Br₀.₃)₃, WS₂, MoO₃, ITO, C₆₀, MAPb₀.₅Sn₀.₅I₃, PEDOT: PSS, Carbon. The bandgap configuration of the cell is 1.75 eV/1.17 eV, which is theoretically limited to 36% efficiency. The effectiveness of embedding cubic plasmonic metallic nanoparticles (NPs) made of Gold (Au) and Silver (Ag) within the absorber layers to eliminate the requirement for thicker absorber layers, decrease manufacturing costs and Pb toxicity is demonstrated in our analysis. This analysis was conducted using 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations for both optical and electrical calculations. Prior to delving into the primary investigation of the tandem structure, a validation simulation was conducted to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the simulations. Notably, the efficiency mismatch observed during the validation simulation, specifically in relation to the incorporation of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), amounted to a mere 0.01%. To mitigate the potential issues of direct contact between metallic NPs and perovskite materials, such as increased thermal and chemical instability and recombination at the NP surface, a 5 nm dielectric shell was applied to the NPs. The incorporation of cubic core-shell Ag NPs resulted in a 15.32% enhancement in short-circuit current density, from 16.39 mA/cm² to 18.90 mA/cm², and a 15.68% increase in overall efficiency, from 26.9 to 31.12%. This research paves the way for the integration of core-shell metallic NPs in AP-TSCs, highlighting a significant potential for efficiency and stability improvements. In a dedicated section the band alignment of the sub-cell was addressed. Additionally, a thermal investigation of the proposed tandem structure was conducted, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed AP-TSC. Finally, the sensitivity analyses related to input parameters and the challenges associated with large-scale fabrication of the proposed AP-TSC were extensively discussed.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the ‘eco-cooler’ for passive home cooling
Authors: Bunker Aditi , Lundgren Kownacki Karin , Sarker Sudipa , Bari Rahmatul , Sarker Malabika , Buonocore Jonathan J. , Geldsetzer Pascal , Revstedt Johan , Bärnighausen Till
Published: November 2024

Constructed with used plastic bottles, the eco-cooler has been widely adopted in resource-poor communities in Bangladesh and other countries. We tested the eco-cooler under controlled conditions using a scientific wind tunnel in a climatic chamber. In our tests, we used seven eco-cooler designs in 27 climate conditions typical of Bangladesh (temperatures of 40 °C, 35 °C, and 30 °C; humidity levels of 70%, 60%, and 40%; and wind speeds of 4.0 m s−1, 2.0 m s−1, and 0.2 m s−1) in 92 experiments (N = 7686 measurements in 87 short experiments and N = 23,428 measurements in five long experiments). We found no significant temperature reductions with eco-cooler use, except at low wind speeds, where temperature reduced by up to 0.2 °C. In theoretical calculations extending our empirical findings, the greatest temperature drop was 0.85 °C at 4.0 m s−1 with a 40 °C static air inflow temperature. However, this temperature drop did not extend beyond the nozzles of the bottles in the eco-cooler. The eco-cooler did not work effectively as an indoor air cooler.
The natural gas industry, the Republican Party, and state preemption of local building decarbonization
Authors: Walker Edward T. , Malmuth Andrew
Published: November 2024

Societal decarbonization likely requires changes to building standards encouraging electrification, partly through restricting connections to legacy utilities such as natural gas. Yet while some municipalities have taken action, an important parallel shift undermines it: more than half of U.S. states (covering 47% of the population) have, since 2020, passed state-level laws preempting municipalities from restricting utilities. We investigate the timing, content, and partisan support of these bills, examining similarity in text use across them using a plagiarism-detection tool. States passing preemption were not only more Republican but more ideologically conservative, typically featuring less professionalized state legislatures. We also examine qualitative evidence of the natural gas industry’s lobbying, showing that industry groups claimed influence over key bills (supported largely by Republican legislators). We consider the broader implications of these findings for supply-side decarbonization in a context of climate federalism under significant influence by fossil fuel industries and allied policymakers.
A sandwich electrochemical immunosensor based on polypyrrole microspheres for the detection of the cancer marker CA125
Authors: Ma Yan , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Yuzhong
Published: November 2024

In this study, a sensitive sandwich electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of the cancer marker cancer antigen 125 (CA125) was developed using polypyrrole (PPy) microspheres for amplifying the sensing signal.
Outer-surface adduct formation and selective separation of cis-type gallated and cis-type non-gallated catechins using cucurbit[7]uril
Authors: Tsutsumi Hiroyuki , Miura An , Hanada Asuka , Sonoda Rino , Nakashima Rie , Ohata Tomonori , Ikeda Hirohito
Published: November 2024

The selective separation of cis-type gallated and non-gallated catechins in solution was achieved by utilizing the formation of outer-surface adducts between cis-type catechins and cucurbit[7]uril.
Fresh insights into structure–function-integrated self-antibacterial Cu-containing Al alloys: giving Al alloys a new function
Authors: Song Zhuanzhuan , Cai Ying , Li Xin , Zhao Ying-Chao , Yin Dengfeng , Atrens Andrej , Zhao Ming-Chun
Published: November 2024

A structure–function-integrated concept was used to design and produce antibacterial Al alloys for the first time ever, giving Al alloys a new function and inspiring fresh insights into structure–function-integrated antibacterial Al alloys.
An efficient and economical degradation strategy for epoxy thermosets based on a low-cost transesterification catalyst
Authors: Yang Zhijun , Zhang Shuhan , Liang Huan , He Enjian , Wang Yixuan , Lei Ting , Wu Zhicheng , Chen Qiulin , Zhou Fusheng , Wei Yen , Ji Yan
Published: November 2024

Epoxy thermoset materials are widely used in electrical engineering, but it is a challenge to degrade and recycle traditional epoxy thermoset wastes. In this work, an effective method was proposed to recycle anhydride-cured epoxy thermoset wastes.
Strontium-doped RuO2 electrocatalyst with abundant oxygen vacancies for boosting OER performance
Authors: An Bei , Li Xiaoqian , Lin Yuan , Shang Fanfan , He Huijie , Cai Hairui , Zeng Xiaoxiao , Wang Weitong , Yang Shengchun , Wang Bin
Published: November 2024

Sr2+ doping in RuO2 increases the proportion of oxygen vacancies and Ru4+, preventing formation of soluble Run>4+ species and lowering the Ru 4d band center, resulting in enhanced OER activity and stability in acidic media
Recent advances in cross-linkable organic hole-transporting materials for perovskite optoelectronics
Authors: Yang Xiaoxiao , Luo Xin , Guo Yuxiao , Zhao Dan , Sheibani Esmaeil , Xu Bo
Published: November 2024

Recent progress in cross-linkable organic hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) and light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has been systematically summarized and discussed.
Two‐mode multiplexed Fourier‐based labels
Authors: Kodama Takahiro , Cincotti Gabriella
Published: November 2024

A two‐mode optical packet switching architecture using an optical multiport mode‐division multiplexing label generator and processor is proposed. By combining optical labels on two modes, the number of labels is increased exponentially. Beat noise significantly affects the label error rate, when multimode crosstalk is maximum. This impairment can be mitigated by time shifting the optical labels of the two modes by half of the label duration.
Integrating active demand into the distribution system using metaheuristic techniques
Authors: Obando‐Paredes Edgar Dario , López‐García Dahiana , Carvajal‐Quintero Sandra X.
Published: November 2024

Integrating non‐conventional renewable energy sources into distribution systems, alongside data science and enabling technological infrastructures, presents significant challenges, particularly in managing active demand. The rapid evolution of the electric energy system and increasing electricity demand highlight the need for reliable tracking and predictive methods to manage Distributed Energy Resources and digital infrastructure. These methods are essential for advancing carbon neutrality, democratizing environmental sustainability, and improving energy efficiency. Effective active demand monitoring requires understanding the transactional system concept, including digital infrastructure and decentralized demand. Although metaheuristic techniques are increasingly important in demand response integration, much research focuses on specific techniques rather than providing a comprehensive view of dynamic transaction integration for active demand. Technological advancements, like smart meters and communication systems, are shifting from basic consumption measurement to active customer participation. This article reviews key concepts in electrical distribution systems, such as active demand, DERs, and transactive systems. It examines prevalent metaheuristic techniques, emphasizing their role in integrating and predicting active demand and DER behaviors. Additionally, the study presents a methodology serving as a roadmap for efficient DER integration and the transition to active demand and transactive electricity systems, addressing gaps in the current literature.
The power of social media influencers: unveiling the impact on consumers’ impulse buying behaviour
Authors: Shamim Komal , Azam Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the role of communication factors in influencer marketing communication in influencing trust in influencer’s branded posts, subsequently impacting the urge to buy impulsively (UBI). In addition, the study also examines the role of persuasion knowledge as a moderator and product affection as a mediator in the relationship between trust and UBI. The study integrates signalling theory and (SOR) framework to develop a model to be tested through SEM. Results of the data of 481 followers of the influencers unveiled that the credibility of the communication factors plays an essential role in developing trust in influencers ‘posts, which ultimately induces UBI. Product affection mediates the relationship between trust and UBI and people with low levels of persuasion knowledge were found to have more chances of developing UBI. This study provides valuable insights to the markets and advertisers, enabling them to understand the importance of the credibility of the influencer marketing communication factors, which result in favourable consumer attitudinal and behavioural outcomes. Additionally, it addresses the existing knowledge gap concerning the factors that precede trust formation and examines their subsequent influence on UBI.
Understanding and modeling human-AI interaction of artificial intelligence tool in radiation oncology clinic using deep neural network: a feasibility study using three year prospective data
Authors: Yang Dongrong , Murr Cameron , Li Xinyi , Yoo Sua , Blitzblau Rachel , McDuff Susan , Stephens Sarah , Wu Q Jackie , Wu Qiuwen , Sheng Yang
Published: November 2024

Objective. Artificial intelligence (AI) based treatment planning tools are being implemented in clinic. However, human interactions with such AI tools are rarely analyzed. This study aims to comprehend human planner’s interaction with the AI planning tool and incorporate the analysis to improve the existing AI tool. Approach. An in-house AI tool for whole breast radiation therapy planning was deployed in our institution since 2019, among which 522 patients were included in this study. The AI tool automatically generates fluence maps of the tangential beams to create an AI plan. Human planner makes fluence edits deemed necessary and after attending physician approval for treatment, it is recorded as final plan. Manual modification value maps were collected, which is the difference between the AI-plan and the final plan. Subsequently, a human-AI interaction (HAI) model using full scale connected U-Net was trained to learn such interactions and perform plan enhancements. The trained HAI model automatically modifies the AI plan to generate AI-modified plans (AI-m plan), simulating human editing. Its performance was evaluated against original AI-plan and final plan. Main results. AI-m plan showed statistically significant improvement in hotspot control over the AI plan, with an average of 25.2cc volume reduction in breast V105% (p = 0.011) and 0.805% decrease in Dmax (p < .001). It also maintained the same planning target volume (PTV) coverage as the final plan, demonstrating the model has captured the clinic focus of improving PTV hot spots without degrading coverage. Significance. The proposed HAI model has demonstrated capability of further enhancing the AI plan via modeling human-AI tool interactions. This study shows analysis of human interaction with the AI planning tool is a significant step to improve the AI tool.
Prompt gamma emission prediction using a long short-term memory network
Authors: Xiao Fan , Radonic Domagoj , Kriechbaum Michael , Wahl Niklas , Neishabouri Ahmad , Delopoulos Nikolaos , Parodi Katia , Corradini Stefanie , Belka Claus , Kurz Christopher , Landry Guillaume , Dedes George
Published: November 2024

Objective: To present a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based prompt gamma (PG) emission prediction method for proton therapy. Approach: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 33 patients with a prostate tumor were included in the dataset. A set of 107 histories proton pencil beam (PB)s was generated for Monte Carlo (MC) dose and PG simulation. For training (20 patients) and validation (3 patients), over 6000 PBs at 150, 175 and 200 MeV were simulated. 3D relative stopping power (RSP), PG and dose cuboids that included the PB were extracted. Three models were trained, validated and tested based on an LSTM-based network: (1) input RSP and output PG, (2) input RSP with dose and output PG (single-energy), and (3) input RSP/dose and output PG (multi-energy). 540 PBs at each of the four energy levels (150, 175, 200, and 125–210 MeV) were simulated across 10 patients to test the three models. The gamma passing rate (2%/2 mm) and PG range shift were evaluated and compared among the three models. Results: The model with input RSP/dose and output PG (multi-energy) showed the best performance in terms of gamma passing rate and range shift metrics. Its mean gamma passing rate of testing PBs of 125–210 MeV was 98.5% and the worst case was 92.8%. Its mean absolute range shift between predicted and MC PGs was 0.15 mm, where the maximum shift was 1.1 mm. The prediction time of our models was within 130 ms per PB. Significance: We developed a sub-second LSTM-based PG emission prediction method. Its accuracy in prostate patients has been confirmed across an extensive range of proton energies.
Numerical study of turbulent eddy self-interaction in tokamaks with low magnetic shear. Part II: Nonlinear simulations
Authors: Volčokas Arnas , Ball Justin , Brunner Stephan
Published: November 2024

Using local nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations and building up on linear results from a companion paper (Volčokas 2024 Submitted for publication), we demonstrate that turbulent eddies can extend along magnetic field lines for hundreds of poloidal turns in tokamaks with weak or zero magnetic shear

s
^

. We observe that this parallel eddy length scales inversely with magnetic shear and at

s
^

=
0

is limited by the thermal speed of electrons

v

th
,
e

. We examine the consequences of these ‘ultra long’ eddies on turbulent transport, in particular, how field line topology mediates strong parallel self-interaction. Our investigation reveals that, through this process, field line topology can strongly affect transport. It can cause transitions between different turbulent instabilities and in some cases triple the logarithmic gradient needed to drive a given amount of heat flux. We also extensively study a novel ‘eddy squeezing’ effect introduced in Volčokas (2023 Nucl. Fusion
63 014003), which reduces the perpendicular size of eddies and their ability to transport energy, thus representing a novel approach to improve confinement. Finally, we investigate the triggering mechanism of Internal Transport Barriers (ITBs) using low magnetic shear simulations, shedding light on why ITBs are often easier to trigger where the safety factor has a low-order rational value.
A new inerter-based acoustic metamaterial MRE isolator with low-frequency bandgap
Authors: Chen Zexin , Jin Shida , Sun Shuaishuai , Wang Yuhuai , Yang Jian , Zhang Qingtian , Gong Liping , Zhang Shiwu , Du Haiping , Li Weihua
Published: November 2024

Acoustic metamaterials are capable of generating bandgaps at specific frequency ranges, which makes them have good applications in the field of vibration isolation. The bandgaps can be further broadened with active control, nonlinear components and graded structures, such as: controllable stiffness by magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) and graded stiffness. However, the current approaches to reducing the bandgaps have limitations. Both the reduction in structural stiffness and the increase in mass will reduce the overall stability of the acoustic metamaterial. In this research, a novel inerter-based acoustic metamaterial MRE isolator (IAM-MREI) was designed and prototyped to lower the bandgap. Inerters can generate a large equivalent mass with very light weight. Moreover, it is discovered that elements containing quadratic frequency terms are added to the dispersion matrix of the IAM-MREI due to the frequency-independent force applied to the resonators, which is generated by the inerters. By this way, the bandgap calculated by this dispersion matrix is greatly lowered and broadened, which cannot be achieved only with extra equivalent mass. The effects of the inerters on the overall performance of the IAM-MREI was thoroughly investigated and validated both theoretically and experimentally. The evaluation experiments confirmed that the IAM-MREI possesses a low-frequency bandgap and can provide great vibration isolation performance.
Critical current degradation of commercial REBCO coated conductors under thermomechanical loads
Authors: Lucas Celia , Cayado Pablo , Rijckaert Hannes , Konstantopoulou Konstantina , Nardelli Davide , Senatore Carmine
Published: November 2024

The process to obtain a superconducting joint between Coated Conductors (CCs) involves the simultaneous application of temperature and transverse compressive pressure to promote the joining of the two adjacent REBCO layers. We performed experiments to simulate this procedure by subjecting samples from commercial CCs to different combinations of pressure, and temperature. The objective was to understand the effects of the thermomechanical cycles on the critical current (I
c) and, therefore, determine the upper limit for the achievable current in a superconducting joint between CCs. We observed a reduction of the I
c across the investigated parameter range that is accelerated at higher temperatures and pressures. For instance, the average reduction of I
c measured at 77 K in self-field varied from 45% to 90% when increasing the pressure for samples heated at 820 °C, as compared to samples heated at the same temperature without applied pressure. As a complement to electrical transport measurements, we carried out STEM and EDX investigations to study the relation between the degradation of I
c and alterations in the microstructure of REBCO. These analyses indicate that the concurrent application of temperature and pressure accelerates the decomposition of the REBCO phase. The EDX data suggests that the decomposition products could correspond with a peritectic reaction of the REBCO occurring at lower temperatures, accelerated by the presence of an external pressure. This early decomposition occurs in localized areas of the REBCO layer, constricting the available cross-section for current flow and thereby diminishing the critical current.
Effect of defects on the thermomagnetic instabilities of superconducting radio-frequency cavities with a multilayer structure
Authors: He An , Chen Yang
Published: November 2024

Vortex motion can lead to significant energy dissipation, resulting in hot spots and thermomagnetic instabilities that are detrimental to the application of superconductors. This paper presents a theoretical examination of thermomagnetic instabilities triggered by vortex motion within a Nb3Sn-I-Nb cavity featuring a multilayer structure. The investigation is conducted using Ginzburg–Landau theory in conjunction with the heat diffusion equation. The numerical simulations align well with experimental data from Nb3Sn superconducting cavities. Given that the performance of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities is highly sensitive to various defects, this study also considers the interaction between vortices and these defects. It reveals the impact of edge cracks on temperature rise and the quality factor. The findings indicate that edge cracks significantly reduce the threshold field for thermomagnetic instability in SRF cavities. The performance of SRF cavities is influenced not only by the RF field amplitude and frequency but also by the length and number of edge cracks. These results offer valuable insights for evaluating the performance of SRF cavities subjected to RF fields.
Manufacturing the current flow diverter architecture in REBCO tapes using silver inkjet printing
Authors: Ben Saâd Haïfa , Lacroix Christian , Zhuldybina Mariia , Sirois Frédéric
Published: November 2024

A low normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) combined with critical current inhomogeneities favor the nucleation of destructive hot spots in rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes. Increasing the NZPV using the current flow diverter (CFD) concept is a promising solution to mitigate the risk of developing hot spots. The fabrication method of CFD REBCO tapes implies several steps consisting in masking, silver etching, mask removal, and silver deposition, which takes time and remains a barrier to the implementation of a low-cost industrial production of long-length CFD REBCO tapes. This work presents a cost-effective and maskless CFD fabrication approach that relies on inkjet printing (IJP) of silver patterns directly on top of the REBCO layer to create a non-uniform interfacial resistance between the silver and the REBCO surface, along the width of the tape. The parameters of IJP and oxygen annealing were optimized to obtain highly conductive silver patterns deposited on the surface of the REBCO layer. CFD REBCO tapes were successfully fabricated using commercial REBCO tapes and the proposed method without degrading the superconducting properties. Experimental measurements revealed an increase of the NZPV by a factor of 6–7 compared to commercial REBCO tapes.
Studies of electron-ion resonant recombination of li-like Si11+ions
Authors: Rui Jinglin , Xie Luyou , He Wenliang , Ma Yulong , Schuch Reinhold , Dong Chenzhong
Published: November 2024

Theoretical investigations of L-shell △n = 0, 1, and 2 (2s → 2p, 3

l
′
,

and 4

l
′

) dielectronic recombination (DR), as well as K-shell △n = 1, 2, and 3 (1s → 2

l
′
,

3

l
′
,

and 4

l
′

) DR of Li-like Si
11+ ions are performed, using the relativistic distorted-wave approach. Detailed resonance energies, resonance strengths, and recombination rate coefficients are calculated including complex configuration mixing, Breit interaction, and QED corrections. Good agreement is achieved between the theoretical rate coefficients and the experimental results. The plasma rate coefficients are also calculated for electron temperatures ranging from 10−1 to 106 eV, and an analytical formula is presented to fit the total plasma rate coefficients for convenient modeling of astrophysical and fusion plasmas.
Comprehensive device simulation of perovskite solar cell with CuFeO2 as hole transport layer
Authors: Deng Quanrong , Chen Yaolan , Huang Zhenyao , Tao Hong , Wang Geming , Di Tingmin , Huang Wei
Published: November 2024

Solid-state organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have attracted increasing interest due to their potential as high-efficiency, low-cost photovoltaic devices. In this study, we comprehensively simulate CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite-based solar cells with CuFeO2 as the hole transport material (HTM) layer, and compare them to cells using Spiro-OMETAD and Cu2O as HTM layers, utilizing SCAPS-1D software. The effects of absorber thickness, back contact work function, CuFeO2 thickness, acceptor concentration, and defect density at the CH3NH3PbI3/CuFeO2 interface are analyzed. The results indicate that delafossite CuFeO2 is a promising HTM that could significantly enhance the performance of perovskite-based solar cells. TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/CuFeO2 solar cells demonstrate comparable photovoltaic performance to those using traditional Spiro-OMETAD when the back contact electrode work function exceeds 4.9 eV, and superior performance compared to those with Cu2O and Spiro-OMETAD at work functions below 4.8 eV. A high acceptor concentration exceeding 1016 cm−3 in CuFeO2 is recommended to achieve optimal photovoltaic performance. These simulation results highlight the significant potential of employing CuFeO2 as an HTM layer in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite-based solar cells as an alternative to the organic Spiro-OMETAD.
Frigatebird optimizer: a novel metaheuristic algorithm
Authors: Wang Xiaowei
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a new swarm intelligence optimization algorithm - the Frigate Bird Optimizer (FBO). The algorithm is inspired by the unique flight and foraging behaviors of frigatebirds. Its optimization process is divided into two stages: The first stage simulates frigatebirds harassing other seabirds to snatch food, and the search direction and radius of individuals have randomness and uncertainty, which is conducive to global exploration; The second stage simulates frigatebirds observing large fish driving small fish to leap out of the water and preying on them, and individuals tend to gather in the optimal search direction. By simulating the behaviors of frigatebirds under different survival strategies, the algorithm achieves extensive global search in the first stage and fine-tuned local optimization by learning information in the second stage. To evaluate its performance, 46 functions in the CEC2014 and CEC2017 benchmark test sets are selected as objective functions and compared with 9 state-of-the-art meta-heuristic algorithms. The results show that the FBO algorithm has higher performance, excellent iterative optimization ability and strong robustness, and can be applied to different optimization domains.
Behavior of plasma parameters under mirror and cusp magnetic fields in DC glow discharge – a numerical study
Authors: M S Janarthini , V R Barath , Ramachandran K
Published: November 2024

The plasma parameters in DC glow discharge can easily be controlled by externally applied magnetic field without disturbing internal/built-in process parameters. Though several works have been carried out to study the influence of the magnetic field at different configurations on the plasma parameters, a complete understanding on the behaviour of the plasma discharge under the mirror and cusp fields could not be achieved. Further studies on the same are needed to improve the efficiency of the DC glow discharge system for existing applications and to find the new applications. In this work, a 2D axis-symmetric non-equilibrium plasma model with drift-diffusion approach is developed to study the characteristics of the plasma in DC glow discharge through various plasma parameters under mirror and cusp fields. The effects of current and position of magnetic coils on electric potential, ionization rate, electron temperature and electron number density are predicted and discussed. The distribution of electron number density at various coil currents and positions under both mirror and cusp fields are presented and the operating conditions favorable for applications in surface modification are suggested.
Fabrication of hydrogen gas sensor using sputtered palladium-copper composite on tapered optical fiber
Authors: Mohammadnezhad Mohammad , Zamani-Meymian Mohammad-Reza , Vahedi Mohammad , Fallah Milad
Published: November 2024

In this study, we fabricated a hydrogen (H2) gas sensor based on tapered optical fiber using sputtering method. Also, as the first attempt, we explored how palladium (Pd) and palladium-copper (Pd-Cu) coatings, deposited using the sputtering method (RF and DC), affect tapered optical fibers as H2 gas sensors (ranging from 1 to 8% H2). It investigates changes in sensor output power, response and recovery times, and the influence of fiber tapering angle on output power. The investigation reveals that two main factors, including permeability and elasto-optic effect significantly impact the results. At H2 concentrations of 1 to 3%, permeability predominantly affects Pd sensors, yielding better output power changes and sensitivity than Pd-Cu tapered optical fiber sensors. Conversely, at higher H2 concentrations (4 to 8%), the dominant factors appear to be permeability as well as elasto-optic effect. These characteristics have a greater influence in the Pd-Cu layer at higher H2 concentration, resulting in smoother slope in response to H2. Due to higher permeability, Pd sensors reach saturation faster, while Pd-Cu sensors exhibit more linear changes with increasing H2 levels and do not saturate like Pd sensors very fast. Moreover, the study shows that a larger tapering angle can enhance the output power of Pd-Cu tapered optical fiber sensors.
A leadless power transfer and wireless telemetry solutions for an endovascular electrocorticography
Authors: Xu Zhangyu , Khazaee Majid , Duy Truong Nhan , Havenga Deniel , Nikpour Armin , Ahnood Arman , Kavehei Omid
Published: November 2024

Objective. Endovascular brain-computer interfaces (eBCIs) offer a minimally invasive way to connect the brain to external devices, merging neuroscience, engineering, and medical technology. Currently, solutions for endovascular electrocorticography (ECoG) include a stent in the brain with sensing electrodes, a chest implant to accommodate electronic components to provide power and data telemetry, and a long (tens of centimeters) cable travel through vessels with a set of wires in between. Removing this long cable is the key to the clinical viability of eBCIS as it carries risks and limitations, especially for patients with fragile vasculature. Approach. This work introduces a wireless and leadless telemetry and power transfer solution for ECoG. The proposed solution includes an optical telemetry module and a focused ultrasound (FUS) power transfer system. The proposed system can be miniaturised to fit in an endovascular stent, removing the need for long, intrusive cables. Main results. The optical telemetry achieves data transmission speeds of over 2 Mbit/s, capable of supporting 41 ECoG channels at a 2 kHz sampling rate with 24-bit resolution. The FUS power transfer system delivers up to 10 mW of power to the implant through the scalp(6 mm), skull(10 mm), and subdural space(5 mm), adhering to safety limits. Testing on bovine tissue (10 mm thick bone, 7 mm thick skin) confirmed the system’s efficacy. Significance. This leadless and wireless solution eliminates the need for long cables and auxiliary implants, potentially reducing complications and enhancing the clinical applicability of eBCIs. The proposed system represents a step forward in enabling safer and more effective ECoG for a broader range of patients.
Investigation of phase transformation and mechanical properties of silicon addition on AlCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys
Authors: Chandrakar Rituraj , Chandraker Saurabh , Kumar Anil , Jaiswal Ankur
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the impact of silicon in the AlCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy system, focusing on both its microstructural and mechanical properties. Alloys with varying silicon content (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 atomic ratio) were synthesized using vacuum arc melting. The phase formation of these high-entropy alloys was analyzed using x-ray diffraction to comprehend the alloying process behaviour. The findings revealed that the solidification of the AlCrFeMnNi alloy occurred in dendritically, with dendrite cores containing Cr, Fe, and Ni, while interdendritic regions were enriched in Al and Ni after adding Silicon. Increasing the silicon content from 0 to 0.9 led to significant improvements in microhardness and wear resistance. This improvement is attributed to the reinforcement of grain boundaries provided by silicon. The formation of an Al and Ni rich B2 phase is crucial in resisting dislocation motion and preventing further deformation. Additionally, the addition of silicon led to improved corrosion resistance, as demonstrated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements. However, a trade-off was observed between compressive strength and ductility: compressive strength increased with higher silicon concentrations, but at the expense of ductility.
Real-World Ustekinumab Experience in Ileum-Dominant Versus Colonic Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Vien Sandy , Arteaga Elvis Jovanie , Grandhe Sirisha , Yang Nuen Tsang , Mao Eric J
Published: November 2024

Background

Crohn’s disease (CD) presents with diverse phenotypes. It remains unclear if CD location affects therapy efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare the real-world performance of ustekinumab in ileum-dominant and colonic CD.

Methods

We performed a single-center, IRB-approved, retrospective review of all adult CD patients who received ustekinumab. We stratified patients by ileal involvement: ileum-dominant (ileal and ileocolonic) and colonic CD. The primary outcome was the absence of ulcers on follow-up colonoscopy. The secondary outcomes included CRP, calprotectin, surgery, and hospitalization. Chi-square tests (or Fisher’s exact test) and 2-sample t-tests (or Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test) were used to compare categorical and numeric variables between groups, respectively; analyses were performed using R Computing Software versions 3.6.1.

Results

Eighty-four patients with ileum-dominant CD and 27 patients with colonic CD were treated with ustekinumab. The median time to follow-up endoscopy was 13 months. Follow-up colonoscopy after ustekinumab therapy was ulcer-free in 45% of ileum-dominant CD and 76% of colonic CD (P = .02). Of patients with ulcers prior to starting ustekinumab, 24% of ileum-dominant CD and 67% of colonic CD were ulcer-free (P = .01). There were similar rates of hospitalizations and surgery and no significant differences in mean calprotectin and CRP between the two groups on follow-up after ustekinumab therapy.

Conclusions

This real-world experience of ustekinumab demonstrates higher rates of endoscopic healing among colonic CD when compared to ileum-dominant CD. Disease location may predict endoscopic healing by ustekinumab. Further studies are necessary to expand our understanding of ustekinumab responsiveness to different CD phenotypes.
Interatrial septum dissection and closure from transseptal puncture during mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair: a case report
Authors: Kim Isabel , Li Xi E , Lauzier Pascal T , Sharma Rahul P , Haeffele Christiane
Published: November 2024

Background

An 85-year-old woman was referred for mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) following multiple heart failure hospitalizations related to her severe functional mitral regurgitation. In addition to previous transcatheter aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis, her past medical history was significant for chronic steroid use related to microscopic polyangiitis leading to renal transplantation.

Case summary

Her procedure was complicated by an interatrial septum dissection with associated haemopericardium originating from the transseptal puncture site. To our knowledge, our case demonstrates the first use of an Amplatzer occluder device to manage this complication by preventing ongoing flow into the pericardial space. This complication occurred in the setting of a single, successful transseptal puncture in the typical location for a mitral valve TEER procedure, raising the consideration that chronic steroid use may be an underappreciated risk factor for iatrogenic interatrial septal damage.

Discussion

Transoesophageal echocardiography is integral to identifying and risk stratifying this complication, and imagers should have a low threshold to screen for it, particularly in the setting of haemodynamic compromise. The decision to deploy a closure device should be made on a case-by-case basis considering the risks and benefits of doing so compared with conservative management.
Case report: a case of masked subclavian artery stenosis in a haemodialysis patient
Authors: Tezuka Ayako , Kobayashi Masatake , Ito Ryosuke , Murata Naotaka , Satomi Kazuhiro
Published: November 2024

Background

Subclavian artery stenosis is generally screened by a left–right brachial systolic blood pressure difference. However, subclavian artery stenoses are often underdiagnosed due to marginally identified symptoms. In dialysis patients, a relative or absolute contradiction of measuring blood pressure in shunt brachial artery may further limit the disease screening.

Case summary

A 77-year-old female requiring dialysis presented with a suspected acute coronary syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock. Five months before presentation, the patient was increasingly given inotropic drugs and had often chest discomfort during dialysis. An emergency coronary angiogram of the right coronary artery revealed 99% stenosis with hypoplasia. During catheterization, angiography of the aortic arch showed subtotal occlusion of the left subclavian artery. After revascularization, patients did not suffer from low blood pressure during haemodialysis.

Discussion

Dialysis patients may have high perceived risk of subclavian artery stenosis. However, limitation of measuring blood pressure in shunt artery may enhance its underdiagnosis. Our case highlights the importance of screening for subclavian artery stenosis in patients undergoing dialysis.