bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glacier-level and gridded mass change in the source rivers in the eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETPR) from 1970s to 2000
Authors: Zhu Yu , Liu Shiyin , Wei Junfeng , Wu Kunpeng , Bolch Tobias , Xu Junli , Guo Wanqin , Jiang Zongli , Xie Fuming , Yi Ying , Shangguan Donghui , Yao Xiaojun , Zhang Zhen
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The highly glacierised eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau is the key source region of the five major rivers Yangtze, Yellow, Lancang-Mekong, Nu-Salween and Brahmaputra rivers. These exotic rivers are vital freshwater resources for more than one billion people downstream for their daily life, irrigation, industrial use, and hydropower. However, the glaciers have been receding during the last decades and are projected to further decline which will profoundly impact the water availability of these larger river systems. Although few studies have investigated glacier mass changes in these river basins since the 1970s, they are site and temporal specific and limited by data availability. Hence, knowledge of glacier mass changes is especially lacking for years prior to 2000. We therefore applied digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from large scale topographic maps based on aerial photogrammetry from the 1970s and 1980s and compared them to the SRTM DEM to provide a complete picture of mass change of glaciers in the region. The mass changes are presented on individual glacier bases with a resolution of 30 m and the grided (0.1° and 0.5°). Our database consists of 17444 glaciers with a total area of 17426 ± 523 km2. The annual mean mass loss of glaciers is -0.28 ± 0.15 m w.e. in the whole region. This is larger than the previous site-specific findings, the surface thinning increases on average from west to east along the Himalayas-Hengduan mountains with the largest thinning in the Salween basin. Comparisons between the topographic map-based DEMs and DEMs generated based on Hexagon KH-9 metric camera data for parts in the Himalayas demonstrate that our dataset provides a robust estimation of glacier mass changes. However, the uncertainty is high in high altitudes due to the saturation of aerial photos over low contrast areas like snow surface on a steep terrain. The dataset is well suited for supporting more detailed climatical and hydrological analyses and are available at https://doi.org/10.11888/Cryos.tpdc.272884 (Liu et al., 2022).
Regional difference in runoff regimes and changes in the Yarlung Zangbo river basin
Authors: Sun He , Yao Tandong , Su Fengge , Yang Wei , Huang Guifeng , Chen Deliang
Published: February 2023

Abstract. An improved understanding of runoff regimes and flow changes in the Yarlung Zangbo (YZ) river basin in the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) is crucial for water resources management. However, regional characteristics in runoff regimes and changes are not comprehensively investigated in the YZ mostly due to the lack of hydrometeorological observations. Here, we comprehensively investigated runoff regimes and changes across six sub-basins in the YZ for 1971–2020 with a particular focus on the comparison between the upstream of the Nuxia (NX) basin and the downstream NX-Pasighat (NX-BXK), based on a newly generated precipitation dataset and a well-validated model with streamflow, glacier mass and snow cover observations. Our results reveal that large regional differences in runoff regimes and changes exist in the YZ basin. Firstly, runoff generation is dominated by rainfall in the entire YZ, and glacier runoff plays more important role in annual total runoff (19 %) in the NX-BXK than other sub-basins. Secondly, annual runoff shows an increasing trend in the NX basin but a decreasing trend in the NX-BXK due to rain-induced runoff changes, resulting in a weak increasing trend (3.1 mm/10 yr) in the YZ basin. Thirdly, total runoff increases of 5 %–22 % in the NX but decreases of 3 %–20 % in the NX-BXK in all seasons in 1998–2020 relative to the period 1971–1997. Finally, the NX basin faces a considerably hazard from extreme flood, but the NX-BXK basin faces more severe hydrological droughts. Glacier runoff shows limited roles in mitigating water shortages caused by drought in dry seasons, but it intensifies the flood frequency and severity among the basins in wet season. Our study offers a basic framework for clarifying the runoff regimes and flow changes in the TP basins.
ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF LAND USE / COVER CHANGE (LULCC) SIMULATION ON FLOODING: A CASE STUDY IN LAS NIEVES, AGUSAN DEL NORTE, MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Makinano-Santillan M. , Bolanio K. P. , Valeroso J. D. , Yu L. G.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The municipality of Las Nieves, located in Agusan del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines, has experienced floods and flood-related damages in the floodplain region in recent years. Despite the best intentions of planning and implementing projects anchored in its comprehensive land use plans, recurring flooding significantly impacts its residents. Due to its growing population, changes in land cover are inevitable. The changes can result in increased overland flow and decreased infiltration rates. This study was conducted to determine and quantify the effect of changing the land use/land cover (LULC) on the flooding condition in the municipality. Base LULC map was generated using Sentinel-2 image captured in 2021. Support Vector Machine classifier was used in the classification resulting in an accuracy of 94.07%. The 2021 LULC map was the reference for predicting future LULCs for 2025 and 2029 implemented in MOLUSCE and was utilized for flood simulation. HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS were used to generate flood depth maps of different extreme rainfall scenarios. The results showed that as the rainfall event increased, the extent of affected LULC areas also increased. Based on the rainfall impact assessment results, the annual cropland was the most impacted LULC class across the various LULC classes. The class open forest is the least affected class for 2021, 2025, and 2029. However, the barren was the least affected in the scenario-based build-up increase. These assessments are especially pertinent because storm-related rains have been increasingly severe recently and will continue due to climate change. The simulations and flood mapping knowledge can inform and empower the Local Government Unit of Las Nieves. It will guide them in developing informed decision frameworks for mitigating significant land surface variabilities and adapting effective future land use plans to reduce the adverse effects of flooding.
COASTAL INUNDATION SIMULATION IN SELANGOR UTILISING GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Remli N. S. A. , Din A. H. M. , Zulkifli N. A. , Hamden M. H. , Rasib A. W. , Khalid N. F.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Coastal inundation is one of the most visible consequences of rising sea levels, affecting socioeconomics and human activities. Coastal inundation is the flooding of normally dry land. This is related to the long-term effects of rising sea levels and the short-term effects, such as floods and storm surges. This study aims to establish a coastal inundation simulation of sea level rise in the Selangor coastal areas using satellite altimetry and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, as well as Geographical Information System (GIS) software. This study uses robust fit regression method to generate sea level rise trend and projection using multi-mission satellite altimetry data. The combination of altimetric and DEM data is used to simulate areas susceptible to inundation due to sea level rise. In order to construct maps to determine the location of coastal inundation, ArcGIS software is used to demonstrate the inundation areas. The output of this study, particularly the information on sea level projections will be an invaluable element in assisting authorities with future coastal planning and development, as well as helping local government agencies and the general public by providing information on sea-level rise, flood risk zones, and coastal inundation to predict the upcoming sea level and flood discharge. The findings are intended to observe the increment in sea level in coastal areas, therefore, it is possible to anticipate the expected increase in flood areas in the coming year and make preparations in advance.
A NEW APPROACH FOR MAPPING LAND USE / LAND COVER USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE: A COMPARISON OF COMPOSITION IMAGES
Authors: Sellami E. M. , Rhinane H.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. In view of the increase in human activities, climate change and related hazards, land use and land cover (LULC) mapping is becoming a fundamental part of the process of any development or hazard prevention project. From this perspective, we propose a new approach for mapping LULC using Machine learning algorithms by comparing the result of five composition methods based on Google Earth Engine in the city of Tetouan - Morocco. To achieve this goal, considering the Sentinel S2 L2 imageries as a source data , five datasets were derived to make the classification generating by aggregating functions (median , mean , max , min and mode). Then based on the very high resolution (VHR) satellite images provided by Google Earth comes the next step that involves selecting samples that are divided into five classes (barren land, water surface, vegetation, forest, and urban areas), which will be further split into two parts: 70% as a training data -used to feed the machine learning algorithms (support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and classification and regression trees (CART))- and 30% as a testing data for evaluating the models using accuracy assessments. The results for all datasets indicate that the SVM algorithm has the highest accuracy and its performance is better than the other algorithms (RF and CART). The average overall accuracy of SVM , RF , and CART was 87.99% , 87.81% and 84.72% , respectively. Furthermore, for each algorithm, the comparison between the results of the different composites indicates that the use of the mean composite is the most suitable for LULC mapping. Finally, GEE has proven to be an effective and rapid method for LULC mapping, especially with the use of compositional imagery that can assist decision makers in future planning or risk prevention.
ESGO/ESHRE/ESGE Guidelines for the fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Rodolakis A , Scambia G , Planchamp F , Acien M , Di Spiezio Sardo A , Farrugia M , Grynberg M , Pakiž M , Pavlakis K , Vermeulen N , Zannoni G , Zapardiel I , Tryde Macklon K.L.
Published: February 2023

Background: The standard surgical treatment of endometrial carcinoma (EC) consisting of total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy drastically affects the quality of life of patients and creates a challenge for clinicians. Recent evidence-based guidelines of the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European SocieTy for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) provide comprehensive guidelines on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment in EC in a multidisciplinary setting. While also addressing work-up for fertility preservation treatments and the management and follow-up for fertility preservation, it was considered relevant to further extend the guidance on fertility sparing treatment.

Objectives: To define recommendations for fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma.

Materials and Methods: ESGO/ESHRE/ESGE nominated an international multidisciplinary development group consisting of practicing clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the care and research of EC (11 experts across Europe). To ensure that the guidelines are evidence-based, the literature published since 2016, identified from a systematic search was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group. The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 95 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives.

Results: The multidisciplinary development group formulated 48 recommendations for fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma in four sections: patient selection, tumour clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and special issues.

Conclusions: These recommendations provide guidance to professionals caring for women with endometrial carcinoma, including but not limited to professionals in the field of gynaecological oncology, onco-fertility, reproductive surgery, endoscopy, conservative surgery, and histopathology, and will help towards a holistic and multidisciplinary approach for this challenging clinical scenario.

What is new? A collaboration was set up between the ESGO, ESHRE and ESGE, aiming to develop clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines focusing on key aspects of fertility-sparing treatment in order to improve the quality of care for women with endometrial carcinoma across Europe and worldwide.
Are we seeing what they want us to see? Toward a synthetic aperture for social media methods
Authors: Faltesek Daniel
Published: February 2023

Computational methods have offered new vantage points for understanding how meaning circulates during events and crises. These methods are not neutral and have conceptual challenges that must be addressed. This study makes five iterative passes through a data set of tweets during the Texas Blackout Crisis of 2021 showing that each method, applied in a reasonably professional way, would produce a different understanding of the crisis with different key actors, narratives, and dramatic entailments. The study concludes that a synthetic aperture model where multiple methods are applied to the same data offers practitioners and researchers better information, and at the very least that scanning methods must be justified to avoid manipulation.
INDIVIDUAL APPARATUS RESULTS OF FEMALE ALL AROUND OLYMPIC CHAMPIONS
Authors: Pajek Maja
Published: February 2023

The changes of Code of Points stimulate the rise in exercise difficulty and a drive towards increased specialization of gymnasts. We inspected the performance of all-around medalists at individual apparatus finals to analyze the trends in their efficiency to reach the podium. Data from Olympic games 1952-2016 was included in this retrospective study. In the period form 1952-1984 there were 5 occasions when all-round winners reached 75 to 100% efficiency in reaching the podium at all individual apparatus finals. However overall, there is a clear trend of diminished efficiency of all-around winners to reach the podium at individual finals in the observed period (1952-2016) from the average of 7.7 medals in the first three observed events to 4.3 medals at the last three observed events. Olympic all-around champion efficiency was calculated from sum of all medals won by all-around champions on apparatuses divided by 4. This efficiency has decreased from 91.7% in the first three events to 41.7% in the last three events. In recent events all-around champions still managed to win at least one medal on single apparatuses as there was only one exception to this rule at 2012. It is very much probable that in the future all-around champions will excel further at single apparatus finals; however a huge predominance of all-around champions at apparatus finals cannot be expected any more.
ROLE OF THE MENTAL REPRESENTATION IN ENHANCING MOTOR LEARNING AND PERFORMING GYMNASTIC ELEMENT
Authors: Wali-Menzli Sameh , Hammoudi-Nassib Sarra , Ismail Souhaila , Hammoudi Sabra Riahi , Hamrouni Ines Knani , Jarraya Mohamed
Published: February 2023

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of three intervention modalities ((a) external visual imagery modality, (b) verbal feedback modality and (c) visualization modality) on the Roll backward to handstand. 42 females’ students (age 20.6 ± 1.3 years) voluntarily took part in this study. Subjects were assigned into three groups according to three learning modalities: mental imagery modality, verbal feedback modality and visualization modality. During the two testing sessions (before and after training sessions), the participant was marked according to the FIG Code of Points. The results thus reveal a significant effect on the training, therefore on the learning of the backward roll followed by a handstand by the method of mental imagery. Thus, the mental imagery seems to be a tool for transmission of knowing and training by excellence making it possible to the students to progress while getting rid of the lack of motivation, organization, implication and work. Moreover, the results gathered following the gymnastic practice also show an improvement of the performance of the first group that had to undergo training by verbal feedback. This supports the idea that the training by the method of verbal feedback improves the technical performance of a gymnastic element. However, the method of training by visualization of a model appears to be the less developed by the participants in comparison with the mental imagery and the verbal Feedback.
URBAN INTERVENTION, PROSPERITY AND WELL-BEING
Authors: Clabau Ferre
Published: February 2023

Friedrich Hayek argumentó que el intervencionismo manipula el “conocimiento local” dentro de la sociedad, lo cual es perjudicial para su economía. Tras una explicación sobre cómo el intervencionismo puede alterar el carácter de las personas, este artículo se enfoca en la manipulación del conocimiento local de una ciudad a través de la “planificación urbana racionalista” en particular. Después de contextualizar el debate entre Jane Jacobs y Robert Moses, el artículo refuerza los argumentos de Sanford Ikeda sobre cómo el intervencionismo urbano sofoca la acción humana y erosiona la creatividad empresarial de los habitantes de una ciudad, con consecuencias sobre la vitalidad económica y el estado mental de los individuos. Se argumenta que la subversión de las interacciones sociales, que resulta de la planificación, es destructiva para la mentalidad de perseverancia y responsabilidad. Por lo tanto, este tema es esencial para la crítica Austriaca del paradigma económico y social dominante.

Palabras clave: Planificación urbana | Intervencionismo | Conocimiento local | Orden espontáneo.

Clasificación JEL: A13, B53, I31, Z13.
Ophthalmohelminthiasis in the Water Basins of Armenia
Authors: Grigoryan V.V. , Hakobyan A.R. , Shcherbakov O.V. , Grigoryan L.H.
Published: February 2023

Ophthalmohelminthiasis are rather widespread in the natural and artificial water basins of Armenia.
Totally 126 fish of 7 species have been researched. Fish was taken from the pond farms of the Ararat, Armavir, Kotayk and Aragatsotn regions, as well as from the rivers and ponds of the Ararat valley, the river Hrazdan and Lake Sevan.
During the investigations 4 species of pathogens have been detected: Diplostomum spathaceum, D. rutili, D. mergi, and Tylodelphys clavata. The metacercariae of the pathogen of Diplostomum spathaceum have been detected in the fish of relatively well-maintained basins, while those of D. rutili have been detected in the fish of waterbasins contaminated with sewage waters.
Pelatihan Pelayanan Prima dan Pemasaran untuk Mengoptimalkan Kualitas Pelayanan serta Volume Penjualan Glamping di Bedugul, Bali
Authors: Prabawati Ni Putu Diah , Wiartha Nyoman Gede Mas , Diwyarthi Ni Desak Made Santi , Pratiwi Kadek Andita Dwi
Published: February 2023

Konsep glamping, camping dan cabins menjadi suatu trend pada era new normal di Bali. Kabupaten Tabanan khususnya Baturiti merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki wisata nomad sebagai salah satu daya tarik terbarunya. Wisatawan menjatuhkan pilihan menginap dengan suasana yang dekat dengan alam akibat kejenuhan dari adanya pembatasan berskala besar yang tidak memungkinkan mereka untuk mengadakan perjalanan wisata yang jauh dari tempat tinggalnya. Para pengusaha melirik kesempatan ini dengan menyediakan fasilitas berupa amenitas dengan konsep nomadic tourism, berkemah dengan suasana yang mewah seperti yang dilakukan kelompok usaha Dajan Danu, Desa Candikuning Banjar Kembang Mertha. Dalam operasionalnya, masih ditemui kendala yaitu kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat lokal dalam memberikan pelayanan prima dan mengoperasian media sosiall sebagai sarana pemasaran digital. Agar usaha ini berkesinambungan, perlu diadakannya kegiatan pelatihan. Program Studi D4, Administrasi Perhotelan mengambil peran untuk menyelenggarakan pelatihan pelayanan prima dan Pemasaran untuk dapat mengoptimalkan kualitas dan penjualan Glamping di Bedugul, Bali sebagai bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Harapan pasca diselenggarakan pelatihan ini yaitu menumbuhkan kesadaran dan meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan masyarakat lokal sehingga usaha amenitas ini dapat berkesinambungan.
Social Attitude and Adjustment: A Critical Review
Authors: Ansary Karim
Published: February 2023

An individual's social attitude is their attitude toward other people or things in society. Individual attitudes can become so deeply inter-conditioned by group interactions that they become highly standardised and consistent within the group. A person who is able to adjust to changes in their physical, occupational, and social environment is said to be in a state of adjustment. In other terms, the behavioural process of balancing opposing demands or needs that are thwarted by environmental impediments is referred to as adjustment. Animals and people both regularly adapt to their surroundings. I want to concentrate on the various facets of a social being in this essay, as well as how a social being adapts to different spheres of life while displaying his social views.

Keywords: Adjustment, Attitude, Education, E-learning, Intelligence
Case Report: Nevus-Melanoma Misdiagnosis in Seborrheic Keratosis of the Eyelid
Authors: Wisnu Kresnan Dana I G. N. A. , Triharpini Ni Nyoman , Gunantara Ida Bagus Caka
Published: February 2023

Seborrheic keratosis is a benign tumor originating from keratinocytes. In this case, a 51-year-old woman with a lump on the left upper eyelid that was growing rapidly, accompanied by itchiness since 1 month. The lumps appeared to be blackish brown, with uneven edges that clinically similar to nevus and malignant melanoma lesions. To rule out the possibility of a nevus, malignant melanoma and other malignancies, excisional biopsy was performed as a diagnostic and treatment management. The similar clinical appearance between benign and malignant lesions is a consideration in performing an excisional biopsy. Histopathological examination in this case, confirmed the diagnosis of seborrheic keratosis as a gold standard that will determine further management.

Keywords: Seborrheic keratosis, nevus, malignant melanoma, misdiagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria in Dermatology
Authors: Rather Suhail Raheem , Kounsar Hina
Published: February 2023

Diagnostic criteria are defined as group of features that can collectively be used to diagnose a condition. Diagnostic criteria are used for diagnosing those skin conditions that have heterogenous presentation and do not have a single specific clinical, laboratory or pathological feature.

Keywords: Diagnostic criteria, Atopic Dermatitis, Sweets Syndrome, Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Communication Competencies of Intercultural Account Representative in Educating Taxpayer Traders of Palm Oil Collectors at the Pratama Tax Service Office, Padang Sidempuan
Authors: Husein Daulay Tongku Ahmad , Lubis Suwardi , Andriani Lubis Lusiana
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyze communication competencies of intercultural account representative in educating taxpayer traders of palm oil collectors at the Pratama Tax Service Office, Padang Sidempuan. This study uses a qualitative method. Determination of informants in this study is by purposive sampling. From the sampling technique taken by purposive sampling, in order to obtain 8 informants consisting of 4 taxpayers and 4 account representatives. Meanwhile, there were 3 triangulation informants. Data collection techniques using interview and observation. Data analysis by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that communication competencies of intercultural account representative in educating taxpayer consists of motivation to increase economic needs and have the same ethnicity, knowledge of taxpayer profiles, and skills in using the local language which is local wisdom (martarombo/knowing genealogy).

Keywords: Communication, Competencies, Intercultural, Account Representative
Relationship of Substance Abuse and Living Situation on Burn Survivors
Authors: Alzahrani Hadeel , Alharazi Mohamad , Alzahran Ghadah , Alroudan Dhari , Marwi Abeer , AlJamea Jawad , Alsubie Malak , Alqahtan Abdulaziz , Alzaher Mohja , Alahmadi Nouf
Published: February 2023

Burn injuries are associated with high morbidity and fatality. Severe burns are complicated by an inflammatory and immunological response, metabolic abnormalities, and distributive shock that can cause multiple organ failure and be difficult to manage. Burns pose a considerate impact on patient's quality of life, mental and physical health. A burn injury frequently necessitates a lifelong healing procedure. Changes in survivors' mobility, appearance, and capacity to carry out activities of daily living have an influence on them. Burn injury trauma can persist for years, giving survivors anxiety and making daily life more difficult. Evidence points to substance-abuse disorders and psychiatric comorbidities as having an effect on social reintegration postburn, in addition to damage severity and physical comorbidities. Additionally, increased prevalence of substance addiction and psychiatric illnesses are reported among burn patients and survivors. Long-term and frequently complex hospital care as well as prolonged and unsuccessful postburn rehabilitation have been linked to substance misuse and psychiatric illnesses. Psychiatric rehabilitation is impacted by the stigma attached to burns, substance abuse, mental illness, and pain. Burn patients are commonly prescribed opioids in clinical practice for the management of pain. However, long-term opioid use, albeit beneficial, leads to opioid dependence and may also be associated with other mental health problems. Psychological assessments of burn survivors can also help in prevention of substance abuse. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about relationship of substance abuse and living situation of burn survivors.
Improvement of Quality of Life through Nanoparticles in Restorative Dentistry
Authors: Basudan Thuraya , Neyaz Aymen , Alnasser Norah , Alabdali Afaf , Alqahtan Walaa , Asiri Ghadah , Alshammari Latifah , Asiri Rawan , Alqahtani Sultan , Kholed Yara , Alshaeri Abdullah
Published: February 2023

Dental methods aimed at dental rehabilitation, regional anesthesia, orthodontic realigning, permanent hypersensitivity treatment, covalent bonding diamondized enamel, dental health preservation using mechanical dentifrobots, and the formation of artificial bone and teeth are among the possible uses of nanotools in dentistry. The evaluation and treatment of problems affecting the teeth and their surrounding tissues are the focus of restorative dentistry. For the restoration of tooth function and the repair and replacement of damaged tooth structures as well as better aesthetics, advanced procedures are required. In the past few years, resin-based dental restorative materials have made significant progress. Dental composite resin's mechanical performance, minimal polymerization contraction, strong wear resistance, and surface hardness can all be considerably improved by adding nanoparticles to the matrix. To date, nanocomposites for the repair of tooth structure have made one of the most significant contributions to restorative and cosmetic dentistry. Nanocomposites' characteristics aid in minimizing polymerization loss. Their microhardness is higher than that of already employed posterior resin-based composites, and the improved polishability properties in turn result in a smoother surface with better shade qualities. Nanocomposites have a number of benefits, including reduced weight, excellent thermal and electrical properties, antimicrobial activity, and the ability to remineralize dental defects. The other nanotools used in restorative dentistry are nanoadhesives, nanoionomers and nanoendodontic sealants. Nanoadhesives protect against failure of a restoration from bacterial invasion occurs due to spaces between restorative material and preparation margins. Nanoionomers chemically adhere to the surface of the tooth and offer advantages of enhanced bond strength, chemical stability, and insoluble nature. Nano endodontic sealers have the advantage of sealing better than conventional sealers and employing nanoparticles effectively acts as an antibacterial agent. Due to its potential uses and advantages, there is a growing demand for and interest in nano-based dental materials.
Prevalence and Types of Respiratory Co-Infections found in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Alharbi Samar , Aljohani Basmah , Almohmmadi Ghazi , Alsubaihi Abdulrahman , Alkhouzaie Abdulaziz , Alrashidi Yasir , Alhazmi Shahad , Beitar Feras , Althobait Alanoud , Alzibali Abdulaziz , Alsafwani Fatimah
Published: February 2023

An unprecedented challenge to the healthcare system worldwide has resulted from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As per the estimates of year 2022 over 314 million cases and over 5.5 million deaths had been reported since the pandemic began. The respiratory system is the primary system affected by COVID-19, which is a multisystem disease. It usually starts as an upper respiratory infection that spreads to the lungs and causes interstitial pneumonia, severe respiratory failure, a systemic inflammatory response, and multi-organ dysfunction in the most extreme instances. The environment that a viral infection allows concurrent or secondary bacterial co-infections has been created by the co-evolution of viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens, increasing the morbidity and mortality of respiratory viral infections and significantly increasing the burden of disease on society. Because COVID-19 mass vaccination campaigns are still in their early phases, underlying co-infections and how they are treated could have significant impact on disease morbidity and related patient care. Growing evidence of research demonstrates that microbial co-infection raises the likelihood of human illness severity. The prevalence of co-infection ranges from 0%- 20% among COVID-19 patients. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae were the most prevalent bacterial co-infections in all COVID-19 patients along with certain other viral coinfections. Despite extensive study on viral-bacterial co-infections, there are few studies that examine how they affected the COVID-19 pandemic
Common Conditions Associated with Long Term Opioid Usage
Authors: Bajabir Doaa , Albishri Abdulrahman , Shaheen Haider Abu , Albalawi Alwaleed , Alshikhi Abdurhman , Alkhan Sarah , Almulhim Naif , Alsaileek Yahya , Alotaibi Muath , Almuhanna Mohammed , Namar Ranaa Al
Published: February 2023

Opioids are drugs that are used to manage wide range of chronic painful diseases. They are classified as broadspectrum analgesics. They are frequently prescribed to manage cancer and chronic pain, post-operative pain among certain other conditions. However, there is a well-known phenomenon of psychological addiction that can develop with the use of opioids leading to prolonged use, abuse and misuse which undermines their clinical efficacy associated with their use. Although in some conditions long-term opioid therapy is needed. According to clinical recommendations, long-term opioid therapy involves taking opioids every day for more than three months. The criteria for defining long-term opioid therapy in clinical settings and research, however, vary. Certain conditions are associated with its long-term use including impaired cognitive effects, sedation, constipation, nausea, vomiting, physical dependence, tolerance, and respiratory depression which are quite common with the opioid treatment. Clinical concerns regarding addiction may hinder appropriate prescribing, resulting in insufficient pain management. Delay in stomach emptying, hyperalgesia, immunologic and hormonal abnormalities, muscular rigidity, and myoclonus are examples of less prevalent effects reported with long-term opioid use. Opioid induced constipation is commonly reported in long-term use and may get severe enough to necessitate stopping the opioids and cause underdosing and insufficient analgesia. Respiratory and sleep disorders also frequently observed in longterm users of opioids. Also, incidence of new episode of depression is quite commonly linked to the chronic use of opioid. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about common conditions associated with long term opioid usage.
CHINA’S INTERESTS IN AFGHANISTAN: AN ANALYSIS OF CHINESE INVESTMENTS (1990-2020)
Authors:   Department of Political Science & IR Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan, Ullah Sami , Ullah Kiramat ,   Department of Political Science & IR Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan, Ullah Zahid ,   Department of Political Science Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan
Published: February 2023

China is emerging as a global economic power and planning to maintain and expand its influence in term of economic, political and strategic interests especially in the neighboring countries like India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. In order to fulfill its dream of economic supremacy and national interest, China has launched a series of developmental initiatives including development of infrastructure, trade and economic activities in the region especially Afghanistan. However, owing to the security conditions, presence of militant and terrorist tendencies, it is still challenging for China to come out as a strong political and economic force in Afghanistan. This article is planned to carry out a systematic reflection on the China’s political and economic interests in Afghanistan and analyze its investment in various developmental activities and projects. For this purpose, descriptive method was used in which secondary data was extracted from various academic sources including journals, books and reports. Findings of the study reveal that China has invested billions of dollars on various developmental projects including coal mine, exploration of oil and gas, telecommunication, railway lines and roads and economic assistance to Afghanistan. It is concluded from the study that China’s economic and strategic policies in Afghanistan will not only safeguard Chinese interest but it will also help Afghanistan to counter militancy and cross border infiltration through economic, business and trade in Afghanistan. Keywords: China, Afghanistan, Economic instability, infrastructure, natural resources
The The Impact of Working Environment on Employee Loyalties with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable
Authors: Andarsari Nadhila Alifi , Setiadi Pompong B.
Published: February 2023

In this dynamic era, maintaining loyal and qualified human resources is a step to increase company productivity in order to achieve set goals. Many factors affect employee satisfaction, one of which is job satisfaction. Maintaining employee loyalty by increasing the level of job satisfaction is done by creating a conducive and positive work environment. The work environment includes the physical environment, psychological environment, and social environment. This study aims to determine the effect of the work environment on employee loyalty with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. The method used in this research is review with 20 articles. Based on the results of this study, the work environment has a strong influence on employee job satisfaction. A work environment that can make employees develop optimally with appropriate rewards can increase worker satisfaction. Employee satisfaction is very influential in increasing employee loyalty to the company. Employees with high levels of satisfaction will give their energy and time for the success of the organization.
Internal auditory canal osteoma
Authors:   Post-Graduation Program at Health Science Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia – DF, Brazil., Bahmad Jr Fayez
Published: February 2023

R.R.M., female, 40 years old, presenting with severe symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint disorder, underwent Head Computed Tomography (CT) during its investigation. It revealed an incidental finding of asymptomatic pedunculated bone lesion of approximately 0,51 x 0,55 mm, originating in the inferior portion of the right Internal Auditory Canal (IAC), adjacent to the cerebellopontine angle, indicated by the yellow arrows in Figure 1, (A) and (B) in axial plane and orange arrow (C) in coronal plane. These findings are compatible with an IAC Osteoma. Osteomas are slow-growing benign bone tumors commonly observed in the temporal bone, especially in the mastoid cortex and external auditory canal. Its appearance in the IAC is very rare and is usually discovered incidentally [1]. The main differential diagnosis is with Exostosis. Unlike the Osteoma, Exostosis usually present with multiple bilateral lesions with a broad implantation base [2]. CT is the most effective diagnostic tool for this type of bone lesions [1].
The impact of the intensive immunosuppressive treatment, a case report of ROHHAD syndrome in two siblings
Authors:   Neonatal and Children’s Health Research Centre, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran., Shahkar Lobat
Published: February 2023

Introduction: ROHHAD is an acronym for rapid-onset obesity with hypoventilation, hypothalamic, and autonomic dysregulation. It is a rare disorder that presents with rapidly onset obesity with multiorgan disorders during early childhood. There are less than 100 cases reported. In this paper, we aimed to present a case of ROHHAD syndrome with rare neurologic symptoms. We also discuss our treatment regimen for this specific patient.
Image-guided radiotherapy using 4D cone-beam computed tomography
Authors:   Department of Radiation Oncology, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Alqathami Mamdouh
Published: February 2023

Purpose: A standard CBCT image lacks localization accuracy in the complex registration of a moving target. The 4D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (4D CBCT) is a useful tool for treating moveable tumors because it allows us to precisely pinpoint the location of the tumors during treatment and provide a guide during adaptive treatment strategy. This study evaluates the accuracy of 4D CBCT over a wide range of target motion scenarios.
Emergence of Tobramycin Escherichia coli resistance in poultry meat linked to biocides overuse during COVID-19
Authors: Guergueb Nadjah , Alloui Nadir
Published: February 2023

The effect of excessive use of biocides during the COVID-19, on the resistance of Escherichia coli to Tobramycin in poultry, meat was examined in this observational epidemiological study (Before and after COVID–19). Tobramycin E. coli resistant strains isolated from poultry meat before COVID-19 appearance were compared with those isolated after COVID-19 emergence. Univariable analyses were performed using t-test and chi-squared test. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used for statistically significant risk factor. Multivariate analysis was done with the binary logistic regression to detect an independent predictor, and with the principal component analysis (PCA), to analyze whether the Tobramycin resistance in E. coli was linked with the COVID-19 outbreak. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. The frequency of Tobramycin E. coli resistant isolates was more important after COVID-19 emergence (12.5%) than before COVID-19 (2.1%). Graphical representation of PCA qualitative variables shows the interfactor relationship. A significant relationship between Tobramycin E. coli resistance and COVID-19 emergence (P=0.014), and the effect of the emergence of COVID-19 on the Tobramycin E. coli resistance was OR = 6.57 (95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.61-7.94). The probability of Tobramycin E. coli resistance linked with poultry meat bought after COVID-19 was 1.88 times more than before COVID-19 emergence. Poultry meat purchased after COVID-19 found related to Tobramycin resistance in E. coli. It seems possible that the overuse of biocides during COVID-19 increased the risk of Tobramycin E. coli resistance in poultry meat.
Investigation with Real-Time PCR and Histopathology on the presence of H. felis, H. heilmannii and H. pylori in dogs
Authors: Akcakavak Gokhan , Tuzcu Mehmet , Tuzcu Nevin , Celik Zeynep , Tural Aysenur , Dagar Osman
Published: February 2023

Helicobacter species such as H. heilmannii, H. pylori, H. felis, H. bizzozeronii and H. salomonis have been identified in cats and dogs, and research suggesting that these species may be zoonotic agents and has been studied intensified in recent years. The aim of this study was to reveal the presence, comparing the histopathological findings and Real-time PCR results of H. felis, H. heilmannii, and H. pylori in the stomach and liver tissues taken during the necropsies of owned, stray or shelter dogs. The material of the study consisted of stomach and liver tissues taken from 35 dogs that died for different reasons and were brought for necropsy. DNA copies of H. heilmannii were detected by Real-time PCR in the liver samples of 30 dogs using H. heilmannii-specific primers. In the case of gastric samples, Real-time PCR detected H. heilmannii in 13 cases, H. pylori in 3 cases, both H. heilmannii and H. pylori in 13 cases, and H. felis, H. heilmannii and H. pylori in 3 cases. Microscopically, neutrophil leukocyte infiltration, epithelial degeneration, fibrosis and oedema in the lamina propia, and lymphoplasmacytic cell infiltration were determined in the stomachs. In the Hemotoxylin Eosin staining of the sections, 5 cases and 14 cases in the Warthin–Starry staining were found positive for Helicobacter-like microorganisms. Microscopically, dissociation of the remark cords and hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes, and focal mononuclear cell infiltrations in some sections were determined in the livers. In conclusion, with this study, it was understood that Real-time PCR analyzes are very useful in the diagnosis of H. felis, H. heilmannii, and H. pylori. However, histopathological examinations are necessary to associate the presence of bacteria with the development of the disease.
Lesiones perirradiculares persistentes. Revisión narrativa
Authors: Zmener Osvaldo
Published: February 2023

La persistencia de lesiones perirradiculares luego del tratamiento endodóntico es un problema que requiere del clínico un conocimiento cabal de la histofisiología y de la histopatología del sistema de conductos radiculares del tejido pulpar y de los tejidos perirradiculares (periodonto y hueso); además de considerar siempre la posible existencia de enfermedades sistémicas que también pueden actuar como factores de influencia. La presencia de bacterias remanentes a posteriori del tratamiento es considerada como una de las causas principales y más frecuentes para la perpetuación de las lesiones perirradiculares. Sin embargo, existen otros factores causales, como la existencia de conductos laterales o accesorios infectados y no tratados, la reabsorción dentinaria interna, intercomunicaciones, cul-de-sacs o istmos; que representan áreas de difícil acceso durante la instrumentación e irrigación. Cuando la causa original se localiza en la zona perirradicular, como en los casos de actinomicosis, reacciones a cuerpo extraño, cristales de colesterol (CRCo) y granulomas o quistes con alto contenido de CRCo, la indicación más adecuada es el retratamiento y la cirugía periapical como complemento.

Palabras clave: Actinomicosis, infección intraconducto, lesión perirradicular persistente, reacción a cuerpo extraño.
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Authors: Costa Ferreira Vanuchi Vânia , Fortes Braibante Mara Elisa
Published: February 2023

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Estágio Curricular Supervisionado: Contribuições à Formação Inicial de Professores/as de Química
Authors: Reis José Diogo Evangelista , Machado Criscia Thaiane da Silva , Da Silva Lucicléia Pereira
Published: February 2023

Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo a respeito das contribuições que o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado (ECS) oferece à formação inicial docente, com ênfase no professor de Química, de acordo com experiências adquiridas por graduandos do curso de Ciências Naturais com Habilitação em Química da Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante as disciplinas de Estágio Supervisionado - Vivências no Ensino Médio I e II, com 16 graduandos do campus de Salvaterra-PA. A interpretação dos dados coletados foi realizada com aporte na “Análise de Contéudo”. Dentre os resultados, foi apresentado que a metodologia do orientador de estágio foi importante para o desenvolvimento do estágio, pois além de oportunizar experiências no campo escolar, foi possível o incentivo à reflexão e diálogo sobre os desafios da prática docente. A maioria dos discentes apontou a satisfação com o resultado do estágio, em vista que, conseguiram vivenciar o ser professor e manter a aproximação da teoria da universidade com a prática escolar. Portanto, o ECS promoveu o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências, ademais, permitindo que ao longo da disciplina, os estagiários pudessem fazer a reflexão da ação pedagógica e avaliar sua prática profissional em formação.
A Autoavaliação como Processo de Metacognição na Aprendizagem de Química
Authors: Nora Paulo dos Santos , Broietti Fabiele Cristiane Dias , Corrêa Nancy Nazareth Gatzke
Published: February 2023

A autoavaliação pode ser uma iniciativa, em sala de aula, que proporciona pensar acerca de como ocorre a aprendizagem e como podemos regulá-la. Neste contexto, este artigo apresenta um estudo a respeito da percepção de estudantes do Ensino Médio em relação à aprendizagem em Química, com base em análises de autoavaliações. Trata-se de uma investigação predominantemente qualitativa, respaldada nos pressupostos metodológicos da análise de conteúdo. As respostas às questões propostas foram analisadas buscando identificar as percepções manifestadas pelos estudantes a respeito de sua aprendizagem em Química, bem como suas facilidades e/ou dificuldades e principais estratégias utilizadas para resolverem algumas tarefas. Mediante as análises realizadas, chegamos aos seguintes resultados: os diversos aspectos apontados pelos estudantes quando questionados sobre a aprendizagem em Química abrangem desde fatores relacionados ao conteúdo científico, até aspectos comportamentais, tais como necessidade de maior organização nos estudos e maior foco nas aulas. Os estudantes indicaram também estratégias que podem ser eficazes para a superação de suas dificuldades, como revisar os conteúdos, dedicar mais tempo aos estudos, definir horários para estudar em casa, tirar dúvidas com o professor e com os colegas, resolver exercícios e, por fim, dispensar mais atenção e concentração durante as aulas e na execução das tarefas propostas. Desse modo, destacamos que as questões propostas na autoavaliação possibilitaram uma experiência metacognitiva que propiciou, em termos de estratégias, vir à tona o processo reflexivo e metacognitivo da aprendizagem.