bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conversion of Cashless Money into Banknotes as a Type of Economic Crime
Authors: Inshakova Agnessa , Goncharova Marina , Makarenko Tamara , Goncharov Alexander
Published: February 2020

The conversion of cashless money into banknotes is described as a type of economic crime. It is proven that such acts should not be qualified as illegal entrepreneurship or illegal banking. The authors examine the elements of these economic crimes. They suggest changing the title of Art. 171 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. They also analyze formal elements of the crime under Art. 172 of the CC of the RF and prove that it has a special category of offender. It is argued that there are no grounds to view the conversion of cashless money into cash as a mock transaction because it is a mistake to think that the transaction does not lead to any legal consequences. The authors show that there is a number of legal facts arising after the conversion of cashless money into banknotes which constitute an actual fictitious deal, although it is not named in legislation. The research is based on the analysis of mainly Russian sources — research publications in legal and economic journals. Besides, the authors have critically assessed the positions of Western legal scholars and economists published in such journals as Journal of Financial Crime, Journal of Economic Surveys, Criminal Justice and Behavior, Journal of Business Ethics, Theory and Decision, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. As for the empirical part, they have studied the Decrees of the Plenary Sessions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in 2004 and 2015. Based on the scientific analysis of the constituent elements of the crime of evading taxes, duties, insurance premiums by an organization, the authors argue that the conversion of cashless money into banknotes is carried out by the leaders of commercial organizations with the goal of this criminal evasion. The crime is committed by a group of persons having conspired, as a rule, on a large scale, and is initiated by the head of a commercial company.
Washback effects of multiple-choice, cloze and metalinguistic tests on EFL students writing
Authors: Shirzadi Danial , Amerian Majid
Published: February 2020

The washback effects of different test formats on the writing performance of students have always been of great importance. However, this area of research has not fully touched upon by researchers of second language testing. Despite the importance of the issue, there is a dearth of empirical studies to unravel the effects of different types of tests on learning. To shed some light on the current issue, the present study intends to look into the washback effects of tests on students who are learning and using some special grammatical points in writing tasks. In order to fulfil this project, we made a set question in three formats of cloze, multiple-choice and metalinguistic on a grammatical form(i.e. present perfect and present perfect continuous)to use after each session of teaching (2 sessions of training) as an activity. The researchers devised and validated three tests on the target form; each test contained 20 questions and was in different formats of cloze, multiple-choice or metalinguistic. At the end of this two-session trainings, two focused writing tasks were implemented. The results indicated that supporting teaching grammatical points with metalinguistic tests yields the highest positive washback on students writing. Finally, some practical implications were suggested.
Revealing lecturer’s paralinguistic attribution: How the visual manner contributes to students’ non-cognitive skills
Authors: Sumekto Didik Rinan , Setyawati Heny
Published: February 2020

Classroom-based communication requires an appropriate contribution from lecturer’s perspectives to address students’ non-cognitive skills. This study examines the paralinguistic attribution contributions deriving from lecturer’s visual manner. Of 504 pre-service English teachers, 120 freshmen participated in this study. Data collection used the questionnaire through a random sampling selection from lecturer’s writing instruction. Data analysis used the multiple regression analyses with the significance level (p-value) of .05. The findings exhibited that lecturer’s paralinguistic attributions, namely: articulation (t = 1.073; p = .286), sonority (t = 2.896; p = .005), loudness (t = 3.433; p = .001), facial expression and lips setting (t = 1.097; p = .275), and gesture (t = 2.323; p = .022) contributed a significant influence towards the writing class instruction positively. The effectiveness of the paralinguistic attributions contributed 45.5% from overall findings shown in this study, in which the regression analysis statistically addressed that F = 19.017, R² = .455, and p .05. This study concludes the existence of the paralinguistic attributions accommodates freshmen’s learning maturation in lecturer’s instructional modes.
Assessing intercultural competence (IC) of state junior high school English teachers in Yogyakarta
Authors: Idris Mas Muhammad
Published: February 2020

Intercultural competence (IC) is a concept which has gained importance in recent years. It seems to be transparent, accepted as well as used both in formal and informal situations. This concept can be defined as an individual’s capability to communicate effectively and appropriately with other people who have different cultures, norms, and values. In order for a person to be labeled as an intercultural speaker with intercultural competence, s/he should have the competence of intercultural attitude, skill, and knowledge. However, this competence has not been noticed and assessed comprehensively inside and outside academia, particularly in the setting of English language teaching. Hence, this study aims to assess and determine the level of intercultural competence of state junior high school English teachers in Yogyakarta. This study involved 260 participants taken using cluster random sampling from the whole population of 790 state junior high school English teachers. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Afterward, the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Kruskal Wallis test along with prerequisite of normality. This study revealed that the level of IC of state junior high school English teachers in Yogyakarta was high. Moreover, it has been found that their level of intercultural attitude (IA), intercultural skill (IS), and intercultural knowledge (IK) were categorized as high. In other words, these results indicate that the state junior high school English teachers in Yogyakarta have a capability to mingle with diverse people using a language effectively and appropriately. Importantly, this study showed that there were no significant differences in their IC level according to where they teach in four districts and one city. These mean that the locations where they teach do not affect their level of intercultural competence.
Engaging in reflective practice via vlogs: Experience of Malaysian ESL pre-service teachers
Authors: Ong Wei Ann , Swanto Suyansah , Alsaqqaf Asmaa
Published: February 2020

Reflective practice serves as a vital area of teacher education and the impetus for professional development among pre-service teachers. Past research has lamented the lack of critical thought of the reflection made by pre-service teachers during their teaching practice. This paper presents a qualitative investigation into the use of video logs (vlogs), which are mediated online. The participants of the study comprised 13 pre-service ESL teachers studying in an Institute of Teacher Education. The data for this study was gathered via the analysis of the vlogs and the focus group interview. Results indicate that the respondents expressed mixed reactions to the approach, where some have enjoyed the experience while some feared of being judged and feeling awkward seeing themselves in vlogs. Most respondents have centered their reflections on issues they encountered during lessons, but one has shown the ability to reflect on issues beyond the classroom setting. The outcome of the study implied the need for pre-service teachers to be given additional coaching on the ‘how’ aspect of reflection. In addition, there is a need to address technical issues faced by respondents in using vlogs, as this can impede the reflecting experience and frequency of vlogs and comments posted by the participants.
THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL COST AND GENERAL ALLOCATION FUND TO THE REGIONAL FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE IN BANDUNG CITY GOVERNMENT
Authors: Hendawati Henda , Komarasakti Dekrita , Ansori Surya
Published: February 2020

To measure the region in the field of finance performance, the level of Regional Financial Independence was used. The level of Regional Financial Independence was indicated by the size of the Local Original Income when compared with regional income derived from other sources. Several areas in West Java Province have a phenomenon where local revenues increase but local financial independence decreases. The purpose of this study is to discover the quantity of Cost of Capital, General Allocation Fund and Level of Regional Financial Independence in Bandung City during the year 2010–2016. In addition to that, it is also meant to comprehend the effect of Cost of Capital and General Allocation Fund to the level of Regional Financial Independence both simultaneously or partially. The research method used was multiple regression analysis by comparing the research variables namely Cost of Capital and General Allocation Fund as independent variable with the Regional Financial Independence of Bandung city area as dependent variable. The results of this study signify that Cost of Capital and General Allocation Funds have a significant effect on the city government's Regional Financial Independence. It illustrates that Cost of Capital and General Allocation Fund are able to become predictor variable to improve Regional Financial Independence. Partially the Cost of Capital has a positive influence on the level of regional autonomy while the general allocation fund has a negative effect on the level of local financial independence.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TAX REGULATION SOCIALIZATION STRATEGIES ON TAX PAYERS’ COMPREHENSION AND COMPLIANCE IN IMPLEMENTING THEIR TAX OBLIGATIONS
Authors: Herawati Hetti , Tabroni Roni , Lusiana Senny
Published: February 2020

In order to increase state’ earning from tax, government should be active in making society awareness on their obedience to pay tax. This study was based on the importance of tax socialization by the tax office to tax payers through different kinds of media. Socialization has been carried out not only by face to face method, but also by mass media appropriate to the recent situation. The goal of this study was to know the socialization strategies done by the Tax Office for the tax payers both through mass media and directly  done by the Representative Accountants. Besides, this study also was to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies on  tax-payers’ comprehension and their obedience. The output of this study was the formalization the appropriate socialization standards for the tax office in order to increase the tax-payers’ awareness and as a result the tax revenue will increase automatically. First stage,  this study observed the Tax Office policies especially on the aspect of tax regulation socialization strategies. Further study on the aspect of media itself as the tool  for socialization.    Finally, this study would have the conclusion about the relationship between socialization methods and the awareness and the obedience of tax payers in tax payment. This study used descriptive associative methods. The first analysis stage was to test the basic assumption i.e. normality test, and then for the hypothesis testing used Path Analysis. This study concluded that there was the positive correlation between socialization strategy on tax regulation and tax payers’ comprehension and the awareness and the obedience of tax payers.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDONESIAN AND MALAYSIAN MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Wulandari Neni Sri
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The important role of monetary policy lies in its ability to influence price stability, economic growth, employment opportunities and balance of payments. Therefore it is very important for the central bank to establish monetary policy in a country especially for two developing countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of monetary policy in Indonesia and Malaysia. The method used is the study of literature by comparing the monetary policies of Indonesia and Malaysia. The results of this study indicate that Indonesian monetary policy is strongly influenced by interest rates while monetary policy in Malaysia is influenced by direct loans without ties through open tenders, repo transactions, auction of Bank Negara Monetary Notes (BNMN), auction of Bank Negara Interbank Bills (BNIBs) and foreign exchange (FX). The implications of this study are expected to be able to add new inclusions regarding the implementation of monetary policy in Indonesia and Malaysia.Keyword. monetary policy, comparative study, indonesia, malaysia.
Back Matter Vol 2 No 1 June 2019
Authors: Matter Back
Published: February 2020

Back Matter Vol 2 No 1 June 2019
EFFECT WORK DISCIPLINE, LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Istyarini Wiwik
Published: February 2020

Performance is the end result that is the goal in every organization to achieve its goals. Human resources have a very important position considering the performance of the organization is strongly influenced by the quality of its human resources. In addition, high-quality natural resources are useful in adjusting the movement of business climate change so quickly. Work discipline, leadership and motivation are important for a company to increase employee performance. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of work discipline, leadership, and motivation on employee performance. Associative research method with multiple linear analysis techniques. The study population amounted to 150 respondents, sampling technique used purposive sampling where the number of samples of 60 respondents was calculated using the Slovin formula. The results of the study show that simultaneously work discipline, leadership and motivation have a significant influence on employee performance. Partially only work discipline and leadership have a significant effect, while have no significant motivation on employee performance. Leaders as one of the determinants of direction and organizational goals should be able to control work behaviors and direct them to employee job satisfaction
INFLUENCING FACTORS ON STUDENTS’ CAREER INTERESTS IN ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Dwijayanty Rima , Sukadwilinda Sukadwilinda , Sopian Isep
Published: February 2020

The development of Islamic economics in Indonesia has developed quite rapidly. One of them is the increasing number of Islamic-based financial institutions. This development certainly requires qualified human resources in the field of Islamic finance. However, the problem that occurs is the lack of graduates who are interested in a career in Islamic financial institutions. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the factors that influence students' career interests in Islamic financial institutions, measured by variables of Islamic knowledge, career development and compensation. This research uses descriptive and associative methods. The data used are primary data in the form of questionnaires distributed to accounting students at Sangga Buana University YPKP who have taken Islamic accounting course. Based on the results of the study, it is seen that the variables of Islamic knowledge, career development and compensation simultaneously influence 37.9% of accounting students' career interests in Islamic financial institutions
Vasectomías en Colombia: ¿cómo adaptar los servicios de salud a las necesidades de los hombres?
Authors: Sánchez Sandra Marcela , Forero Luz Janeth , Rivillas Juan Carlos
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: caracterizar sociodemográficamente a los hombres que se practican vasectomías en Colombia, para generar evidencia que oriente la adaptación de los servicios de salud con un enfoque de equidad de género a las necesidades de los hombres. Métodos: estudio descriptivo a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDS, 2015) y del registro de los usuarios que accedieron al servicio de vasectomía en Profamilia durante los años 2015 y2016. Las variables utilizadas fueron edad, nivel de escolaridad, lugar de residencia, pertenencia étnica, estrato de residencia, estado civil, número de hijos nacidos vivos y variables relacionadas con roles de género. Resultados: El porcentaje de hombres que acceden a la vasectomía ha aumentado, aunque no con la intensidad esperada. En términos generales, el perfil del hombre que deciden realizarse la vasectomía en Colombia es joven entre 30 y 40 años de los estratos 2 y 3, residente en zonas urbanas, al menos con un nivel educativo de básica secundaria, casado y con hijos, y, contribuyentes al sistema de salud. Se observó la persistencia de barreras de tipo social y cultural que afectan el uso de este método anticonceptivo. Conclusiones: Este estudio permitió identificar el perfil del hombre colombiano que se realiza la vasectomía. Recomendaciones: ampliar la vasectomía como opción disponible y de fácil acceso para los hombres; eliminar estereotipos de género y promover que hombres y mujeres compartan responsabilidades anticonceptivas; implementar modelos de atención en salud sexual y reproductiva más inclusivos y centrados también las necesidades de los hombres.
Trabajo decente y saludable en la agroindustria en América Latina. Revisión sistemática resumida
Authors: Gallo Óscar , Hawkins Daniel , Luna-García Jairo , Torres-Tovar Mauricio
Published: February 2020

Objetivos: Identificar los estudios relacionados con la salud de los trabajadores de la agroindustria de América Latina desde el año 1980 hasta 2018 y las evidencias de la relación entre precariedad laboral y salud.Metodología: Revisión sistemática resumida de la literatura disponible en Web of Science (incluye Scielo) y Scopus Lilacs-Bireme (Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud) con ayuda de un gestor de referencias bibliográficas, un programa para visualizar redes bibliométricas y un programa de análisis de datos cualitativos.Resultados: La búsqueda reportó 2056 registros publicados entre 1978 y 2018, alrededor de las categorías “agroindustria” y “salud”. Fueron excluidos 1795 artículos, por no ajustarse al objetivo de la revisión. Los 261 artículos incluidos fueron sometidos a un análisis estadístico y 30 fueron escogidos para su revisión cualitativa. Se identificó una tendencia creciente de artículos, siendo Brasil el país con mayor cantidad en la región, dado el auge de la agroindustria en las últimas décadas. La caña de azúcar es el subsector más estudiado y, desde un punto de vista de la problemática, los efectos más dañinos son por la exposición a agrotóxicos, y los más frecuentes, por condiciones ergonómicas que generan problemas osteomusculares.Conclusiones: En el periodo analizado predomina un enfoque biomédico; sin embargo, la literatura se viene enriqueciendo con aportes de las ciencias sociales. Esto ha permitido avanzar en la problematización de las condiciones de salud-enfermedad de los trabajadores de la agroindustria, a la luz de los cambios en los modelos productivos y el aumento de la precariedad laboral en el sector.
La educación para la salud y la educación popular, una relación posible y necesaria
Authors: Zea-Bustamante Luis Emilio
Published: February 2020

El campo de la salud se ha constituido en un escenario propicio para el desarrollo de acciones educativas en diferentes ámbitos y escenarios, acogiendo para ello elementos y metodologías diversas. Los avances teóricos de la educación para la salud han puesto en evidencia la necesidad de disponer de reflexiones pedagógicas para redireccionar las acciones que se hacen tanto en el ámbito clínico como en el comunitario. Esta apuesta por nutrir pedagógicamente la educación para la salud permite mirar al campo de la educación como escenario natural para la reflexión pedagógica, siendo la educación popular un lugar propicio para evocar un diálogo interdisciplinar entre la salud y la educación. Gracias al desarrollo epistemológico, pedagógico y político de la educación popular, puede ser el escenario de confluencias y articulaciones para que la educación en el campo de la salud retome a su interior ciertas reflexiones que le permitan avanzar en su consolidación como escenario de transformación. De los múltiples aspectos que podría la educación popular aportar a la educación para la salud, se toman el diálogo como epicentro de las acciones educativas y la apuesta por un sujeto crítico, en tanto se convierten en elementos centrales de cualquier proceso educativo que deba gestarse en el campo de la salud.
Rasch analysis of the Katz index of independence in activities of daily living in senior citizens from Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Rojas-Gualdrón Diego Fernando , Ayala-Hernández Jessica María , Cardona-Arango Doris , Segura-Cardona Angela María , Garzón-Duque María Osley
Published: February 2020

Improving Katz index interpretability contributes to a better understanding of its results facilitating decision making and intervention planning.Objective: To evaluate the validity of the Katz geriatric scale in senior citizens from a Rasch model perspective.Methodology: Secondary data analysis of a population-based, cross-sectional study of health status in 4,023 senior citizens conducted in Antioquia, Colombia, in 2012. Item fit, differential item functioning, unidimensionality, reliability and item-person map analyses were performed.Results: All items adjusted to the model. Transferring and Continence showed high differential item functioning with a considerable, but statistically non-significant impact on the overall estimation. Person and Item reliability were 0.80 and 0.90 respectively. The Rasch measurement explained 61.6% of variance.Conclusion: A unidimensional interval level measure can be obtained from the Katz instrument. It is important to do more research on differential functioning of Katz’s items in a way in which validity arguments on its generalization to various subpopulations could be strengthened and score interpretability could be improved.
Sexualidad: las voces de un grupo de sordos de Medellín (Colombia)
Authors: Gil-Cano Paola Andrea , Navarro-García Angélica María , Serna-Giraldo Claudia , Pinzón-Seguro Melissa
Published: February 2020

Las personas sordas colombianas, por el difícil acceso a servicios de educación y salud, presentan mayor riesgo en salud sexual. Es necesario describir lo que los jóvenes sordos piensan y conocen sobre sexualidad, para orientar programas educativos dirigidos a esta población en particular.Objetivo: Interpretar las percepciones relacionadas con sexualidad, reportadas por un grupo de jóvenes sordos de Medellín (Colombia), con el fin de aportar elementos claves para el diseño de futuros programas de formación para la sexualidad dirigidos a las personas sordas. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo etnográfico, con la aplicación de grupos de discusión como estrategia metodológica. Los grupos de discusión fueron filmados y un intérprete transcribió los diálogos. Se realizó análisis argumentativo del discurso resultante y se contrastó con cuestionarios diligenciados por los participantes y con la literatura disponible.Resultados: El aprendizaje de la sexualidad en los jóvenes sordos ocurrió a partir de la pornografía. Su discurso se enfocó hacia lo erótico. La confianza en la pareja fue determinante para el uso o no del condón. Hubo temor hacia la consulta médica, la cual se representa como un abuso sexual.Conclusión: La educación tradicional y la falta de comunicación intrafamiliar se suman a la discapacidad auditiva para volver aún más vulnerable a este grupo poblacional
Mortalidad por cáncer asociado al consumo de cigarrillo en el Caribe colombiano, 2009-2013
Authors: Herrera-Pamplona Kyara , Cogollo-Milanés Zuleima , Alvis-Estrada Luis Reinaldo
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Estimar la mortalidad atribuible al consumo de cigarrillo en el Caribe colombiano durante los años 2009-2013.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. El número de defunciones se obtuvo del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas. La proporción y las muertes atribuibles al tabaco fueron estimadas a partir de la fracción etiológica poblacional, utilizando un método dependiente de prevalencia de consumo. Se calcularon los años potenciales de vida perdidos (descuento 3 %). La información se analizó en los programas Excel® y Epidat 4.1.Resultados: Se atribuyeron 964 muertes (método i), 1375 muertes (método ii) y 94 muertes (método iii). Los cánceres de tráquea, pulmón y bronquios fueron los que más contribuyeron a dicha mortalidad. Un total de 17 715 años potenciales de vida se perdieron (7745 en hombres, 9970 en mujeres).Conclusión: El consumo de tabaco en el Caribe colombiano contribuye significativamente a la mortalidad por cáncer y al aumento de años potenciales de vida perdidos.
Discursos sobre la violencia obstétrica en la prensa de países latinoamericanos: cambios y continuidades en el campo de la atención
Authors: Perdomo-Rubio Alejandro , MartínezSilva Pablo Andrés , Lafaurie-Villamil Maria Mercedes , Cañón-Crespo Andrés Felipe , Rubio-León Diana Carolina
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Se pretende identificar las posiciones discursivas de diferentes actores acerca de la violencia obstétrica y su relación con el campo social de la atención al embarazo, el parto y el puerperio, producidas por diarios de Argentina, Chile, Colombia, México y Venezuela entre el 2010 y marzo del 2017.Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, de carácter exploratorio, tipo análisis del discurso de 120 notas periodísticas. Resultados: Se identificaron posiciones discursivas de los profesionales y de las mujeres, de tipo tanto tradicionales como abiertas en referencia al campo de la atención.Conclusiones: Las intervenciones sobre esta violencia no son aisladas, sino enmarcadas en un contexto de discusión, donde las posiciones discursivas de los actores pueden definirlas y concretarlas.
Chemometric Approaches In Analysis Of Vegetable Oils As A Way To Improve An Efficiency Of Forensic Examination
Authors: Rudniev V. , Simakova-Yefremian E. , Khosha V. , Ostropilets V.
Published: February 2020

The approach to forensic examination performance through accelerated classification and identification research of vegetable oils is demonstrated. It includes derivatization of the original objects, analysis of obtained methyl esters mixture using GC-MS technique and applying of chemometric tools for gathering preliminary data. Subsequent processing of obtained chromatograms using principal component analysis for grouping of objects simplifies further detailed examination. An analysis of hidden correlations between variables and influence of the initial data on the first to third major components formation is provided. Using values of content of only 5 most widespread fat acids leads to satisfied visual pattern for prior recognition of oil samples. Applying of various split ratios is recommended at different stages of gas-chromatographic analysis. Split ratio 1 : 50 is recommended for gathering of data treated by chemometric methods and 1 : 2 is useful for determination of minor components presence as specific features.
Поворот к практике: правила, структуры, габитусы
Authors: Макаров Егор Сергеевич
Published: February 2020

В статье рассматриваются различные способы концептуализации социальных практик в социологии в рамках направления, известного как прагматический поворот (practice turn). Сама теория практик представлена как направление, включающее в себя множество подходов со своими особенностями. Уделяется большое внимание связи уровней повседневного взаимодействия (микроуровень) и крупных институциональных структур (макроуровень). Обсуждается проблема следования правилу в контексте социальных практик.
The effect of the endovascular access on the effectiveness and safety of chemoembolization of the arteries of the liver with unresectable liver metastases
Authors: Lebedev Dmitry P. , Astakhov Dmitry A. , Zvezdkina Elena A. , Kosy Valentina V. , Kedrova Anna G. , Ivanov Yury V. , Panchenkov Dmitry N.
Published: February 2020

Background. Minimally invasive surgery techniques are widely used in the treatment of primary and metastatic liver cancer.
Objective. The goal was to evaluate the effect of the endovascular access on the efficiency and safety of chemoembolization of liver arteries (CELA) in patients with unresectable liver metastases.
Methods. In 30 patients with unresectable liver metastases, CELA was performed using the transradial and transfemoral approaches. The microcatheter technique was used for superselective chemoembolization of the liver arteries with introduction of drug-saturated microspheres (HepaSphere). All the digital material was statistically processed using the STATISTICA 6.0 software package (StatSoft, 2001). The results were considered statistically significant at p0.05.
Results. In the normal type of the blood supply to the liver, only the left radial access with only the right hepatic artery embolization demonstrated a significantly shorter duration of CELA and fluoroscopy, which amounted to 334.3 min and 9.91.3 min, respectively (p0.05). When performing CELA by means of microspheres 50100 um from the right femoral access with embolization of only the right hepatic artery, the above assessment criteria were the highest 6711 min and 19.15.3 min, respectively, but without a significant difference between the other options for the puncture access. During the first CELA using a femoral access, the postoperative hospital stay in the studied group of patients was 70.8 days, and the postembolization period lasted 1.430.5 days, which is significantly longer (at p0.05) in comparison with the same parameters for the right radial arterial access, for which they were 30.6 days and 1.150.4 days, respectively, and for the left radial arterial access, for which they were 40.5 days and 10.001 days,respectively.
Conclusion. The use microspheres as a embolization material allowed the application of the microcatheter technique for hqTACE, and expanded the possibilities of the transradial access. A significantly better tolerance and safety of the transradial access was proven in 76.2% of the studied patients in whom it was applicable. The repetitions of CELA donot affect the severity of the post-embolization period, partially due to a lowered use of the contrast medium and superselective embolization of the affected areas of the liver with the preservation of a more intact parenchyma.
Czasopisma literackie z perspektywy paratekstu. Rozważania na temat metodologii i badań opartych na bazach danych periodyków na przykładzie czasopism „Polymja”, „Maladnjak” i „Uzvyšša”
Authors: Kohler Gun-Britt
Published: February 2020

Artykuł poświęcono problemowi systemowych badań czasopism literackich. Jego celem jest wypracowanie wieloaspektowej metodologii wykorzystującej ujęcie literaturoznawcze oraz osiągnięcia tzw. humanistyki cyfrowej. Badanie bazuje na trzech najważniejszych białoruskich czasopismach literackich z lat 20. XX wieku („Polymja”, „Maladnjak” i „Uzvyšša”). Na podstawie analizy źródłowej wybranych materiałów prasowych można stwierdzić, że w badanych periodykach problematyka partyjna przeplata się z zagadnieniami kulturowo-politycznymi, co dowodzi konieczności analizy czasopism w nowym, szerszym niż dotąd, ujęciu. Na przykładzie tworzonej obecnie bazy analizowanych czasopism literackich widać korzyści, wynikające z uwzględnienia  w procesie konceptualizacji czasopisma literackiego tzw. paratekstu (Genette). Perspektywa uwzględniająca paratekst pozwala odpowiednio odwzorować złożone wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne powiązania czasopism literackich. Zaproponowane w artykule podejście, wykorzystujące analizę ilościową i jakościową, można zastosować przy tworzeniu baz danych, przy uwzględnianiu roli czasopism literackich oraz wskazywaniu znaczenia autorów w historii literatury białoruskiej.
Projekt "dziady" w dramaturgii Dmitrija Bogosławskiego
Authors: Lappo Irina
Published: February 2020

Artykuł poświęcony jest twórczości Dmitrija Bogosławskiego, białoruskiego dramatopisarza piszącego po rosyjsku. Celem badania jest ustalenie cech światopoglądu białoruskiego aktora, reżysera i autora tekstów dramatycznych na podstawie analizy wybranych utworów oraz prześledzenie ewolucji twórczej autora. Przedmiotem szczegółowej analizy stała się próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jaki sposób białoruski obrzęd dziady, rozumiany jako element mentalnego obrazu świata Białorusinów, obecny jest w dramaturgii Bogosławskiego. Przeprowadzona analiza tekstów i spektakli wyreżyserowanych przez Bogosławskiego pozwala na stwierdzenie, że temat oderwania od korzeni i powrotu do domu należy do najważniejszych w jego twórczości. Kontakt z przodkami, którzy spoczywają w rodzinnej ziemi, wymusza na bohaterach relacje ze światem duchów i wprowadza w rytualny krąg „dziadów”. Przedstawiając w twórczości dramatopisarskiej i reżyserskiej świat duchów, istniejący obok świata żyjących, Bogosławski konsekwentnie realizuje na gruncie współczesnego teatru i dramatu swoisty — mocno osadzony w tradycji i mentalności białoruskiej — projekt „dziady”.
Этымалагічны каментар да словаўтварэння абстрактных назоўнікаў на -ць
Authors: Tsykhun Genadz
Published: February 2020

Przedmiotem analizy jest słowotwórstwo rzeczowników abstrakcyjnych języka białoruskiego z formantem -ць. W toku analizy udowodniono, że rzeczowniki konkretne również często przybierają wymieniony formant słowotwórczy. Analiza zebranych derywatów pozwoliła opisać nie tylko strukturę formalną licznych leksemów, ale także ich cechy etymologiczne. Opisowi poddano pochodzenie zbioru wyrazów z formantem -ць, należących do pola semantycznego ‘zjawiska przyrody (atmosferyczne, klimatyczne i in.)’, np.  гогоць ‘gołoledź na drzewach’, голць ‘gołoledź i śnieg’, шаць ‘szron’, oraz wybrane rzeczowniki abstrakcyjne, np. dohać ‘pocieszenie’, трэпяць ‘coś bardzo białego’, сыць ‘kaprysy’ itd. Ze względu na budowę słowotwórczą analizowana klasa rzeczowników stanowi kontynuację prasłowiańskiego typu słowotwórczego, wykazuje jednak nowe tendencje. Na podstawie przeprowadzonego badania można wnioskować o wpływie kontaktów językowych na proces derywacji rzeczowników z formantem -ць czynnika arealnego.
Kolegium pijarów w Witebsku
Authors: Ausz Mariusz Grzegorz
Published: February 2020

Artykuł dotyczy dziejów kolegium witebskiego księży pijarów, najmniej znanej szkoły tego zakonu. Niewiele zachowało się źródeł na temat tej placówki edukacyjnej, szczególnie z XVIII w., dlatego jej losy są mało znane. Było ono jednym z ostatnich kolegiów założonych przez to zgromadzenie. Po I rozbiorze kolegium znalazło się w granicach państwa rosyjskiego, dlatego szkoła pijarska w Witebsku nie została włączona w struktury Komisji Edukacji Narodowej, a tym samym nie budziła większego zainteresowania badaczy polskiej oświaty XVIII w.Celem artykułu było przedstawienie działalności kolegium witebskiego. W pracy wykorzystano materiały archiwalne, do których dotarto w wyniku kwerendy w Narodowym Archiwum Historycznym Białorusi w Mińsku, Litewskim Państwowym Archiwum Historycznym w Wilnie oraz Archiwum Generalnym Zakonu Pijarów w Rzymie. Dotychczas nie były one brane pod uwagę przez polskich badaczy. Pozwoliło to zweryfikować, a także w znacznym stopniu uzupełnić, badania dotyczące tej instytucji. Kolegium zostało ufundowane około 1753 r. przez obywateli miasta Adama i Annę Świrszczewskich, rok później ufundowano drewniany kościół i zabudowania gospodarcze. Przy kolegium funkcjonowała szkoła, która na pewien czas pod koniec XVIII w. została przeniesiona do nowej fundacji w Dubrownie (1785–1799), a w Witebsku zakonnicy prowadzili tylko parafię. W 1822 r. pijarzy witebscy zostali przeniesieni przez rząd carski do Połocka, skąd następnie w 1830 r. klasztor oraz szkoła zostały przeniesione do Wilna. Zgromadzenie nie wróciło do Witebska.
Удзел габрэяў у вытворчасці тытуню ў Гродзенскай губерні (другая палова XIX – пачатак ХХ стагоддзя)
Authors: Sabaleuskaya Volga
Published: February 2020

W II poł. XIX i na pocz. XX w. na terenie Białorusi miał miejsce szybki rozwój przemysłu i handlu, do którego w znacznej mierze przyczynili się Żydzi, stanowiący nie mniej niż 50% ludności miast i miasteczek. Mimo zainteresowania naukowców historią ekonomiczną dotąd nie podjęto próby opisu kwestii rozwoju na Białorusi przemysłu tytoniowego jako odrębnej gałęzi przemysłu oraz ustalenia roli, jaką odegrali w tym procesie żydowscy rzemieślnicy. Brak badań odnoszących się do wskazanych kwestii zadecydował o podjęciu niniejszej analizy, której celem było dokonanie charakterystyki bazy aktów prawnych dotyczących działalności tytoniowej, a także analiza dynamiki rozwoju należących do Żydów zakładów tytoniowych w guberni grodzieńskiej. Zastosowano zróżnicowane metody badania: metodę historyczną, metodę opisu i klasyfikacji, odwołujące się do chronologicznego opisu faktów oraz zasad historyzmu, które pozwoliły na analizę zjawisk historycznych w kontekście epoki. Rezultatem badania jest opis licznych źródeł archiwalnych z zakresu historii przemysłu na Białorusi w II poł. XIX i na pocz. XX w. Ustalono, że podstawę prawną dla rozwoju przemysłu tytoniowego stanowiły zarządzenia w sprawie stawek podatku akcyzowego z lat 1838–1901, które sprzyjały procesom monopolizacji oraz powstawaniu licznych, nielegalnych zakładów chałupniczych. W guberni grodzieńskiej Żydzi przeważali zarówno w legalnej, jak i nielegalnej strefie produkcji tytoniu. W II poł. XIX oraz na pocz. XX w. przemysł tytoniowy znacznie się rozwinął: wprowadzano w życie osiągnięcia naukowe, wykorzystywano nowe technologie, dokonano modernizacja produkcji. Dzięki przewadze technologicznej i organizacyjnej najsilniejszą pozycję posiadały duże przedsiębiorstwa. Ze względu na wysoką jakość i przystępną cenę wyroby tytoniowe pochodzące z guberni grodzieńskiej mogły konkurować z innymi. Wyroby te miały mocną pozycję na rynku rosyjskim.
Нямецкія салдаты ва ўспамінах беларускіх вяскоўцаў пра перыяд нацысцкай акупацыі (1941-1944 гг.)
Authors: Lobach Uladzimir
Published: February 2020

W białoruskiej historiografii kwestia postaw ludności zamieszkującej tereny Białorusi wobec niemieckiej okupacji w czasie II wojny światowej nie została dotąd wystarczająco zbadana, co zadecydowało o wyborze tematu niniejszego artykułu. Celem publikacji był opis stosunku Białorusinów wobec żołnierzy hitlerowskich w latach 1941–1944 na podstawie relacji ustnych mieszkańców wybranych wsi północnej Białorusi. Badanie wykazało, że w analizowanym okresie indywidualne oceny autochtonów były zróżnicowane i – w zależności od sytuacji – obejmowały zarówno charakterystyki negatywne („nieludzki wróg”), jak i pozytywne („dobry nieznajomy”). Z kolei w świadomości zbiorowej utrwalił się negatywny wizerunek okupanta, wywołujący w miejscowej ludności poczucie niepewności, lęku i strachu. Wobec powszechnego terroru stosunek żołnierzy Wermachtu do lokalnej ludności jedynie sporadycznie oceniany był jako humanitarny.
Жыццязабеспячэнне беларускай вёскі ў пасляваенны час (другая палова 1940-х –пачатак 1950-х гг.)
Authors: Sumko Alena
Published: February 2020

W okresie powojennym proces stabilizacji na białoruskiej wsi posiadał cechy, które były szczególnie zauważalne w północnej części kraju, gdzie współistniały regiony zróżnicowane społecznie i ekonomicznie, a – co za tym idzie – charakteryzujące się różnym poziomem życia oraz odmienną mentalnością mieszkańców. We wschodnich rejonach północnej Białorusi odradzanie się gospodarki wiejskiej odbywało się w systemie kołchozów i sowchozów, w rejonach zachodnich przeważały gospodarstwa jednoosobowe. Odmienne sposoby pozyskiwania przez ludność wiejską środków utrzymania doprowadziły do podziału na „tych z zachodu” oraz „tych ze wschodu”, a także – w konsekwencji – do powstania dużej liczby utrwalonych we wspomnieniach miejscowej ludności stereotypów. Dane archiwalne oraz przekazy ustne świadczą o tym, że w badanym okresie zarówno w rejonach wschodnich, jak i zachodnich pozyskiwano środki do życia przede wszystkim dzięki pracy we własnych gospodarstwach. Jednakże o ile rolnicy indywidualni pracowali wyłącznie na swój rachunek, o tyle chłopi zatrudnieni w kołchozach byli zmuszeni do dodatkowego wysiłku, za który otrzymywali niewielkie wynagrodzenie. Brak motywacji finansowej wpływał na niską jakość ich działań. Przekazy ustne świadczą o brutalizacji powojennej rzeczywistości, kiedy to powstawały i rozkwitały nielegalne (a często także kryminalne) formy działalności gospodarczej, do których należy zaliczyć m.in. pędzenie bimbru jako efektywny sposób wymiany produkcji rolnej na „żywą gotówkę”.
Results of hysteroscopic management of endometrial pathology through laser diode in naval medical center: number of cases
Authors: Aldama Yanet Fermin , Villán Cesar Rodriguez , Flores Sara E. Hernández
Published: February 2020

Background: Hysteroscopy consists of an excellent technique for the diagnosis of uterine pathology, the diode laser for treatment has been included, which is energy in the form of a beam of light, monochromatic and coherent, equipped with a great capacity to cut tissues and vaporize them. Objective of this study was to know the result of the hysteroscopic treatment with diode laser, in patients of reproductive age with uterine pathology in the naval medical center of Mexico for a period of one year.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in 8 patients, with abnormal uterine bleeding and uterine pathology, to know the result of the hysteroscopic treatment with diode laser, inclusion criteria were age of 18 to 40 years, uterine pathology, without previous treatments, exclusion criteria were pregnancy, medical treatment, does not accept the procedure, in a period of September 1, 2017 and September 1, 2018 at the Naval Medical Center of Mexico, the 45-watt 980 nm and 1470 wavelength diode laser console nm with 3fr extra flexible conical tip glass fibers.Results: The average age 29.9±8.5 years, without comorbidities; 60% had an initial diagnosis of endometrial thickening and abnormal uterine bleeding and 40% had a diagnosis of infertility, the most frequent pathology is an endometrial polyp, during the procedure none of the patients required analgesia or post-surgical sedation. The average bleeding was 24.44 ml.Conclusions: The hysteroscopic removal of uterine pathology with diode laser was performed without anesthesia, in an outpatient, feasible and safe way, the surgical time is reduced, with a follow-up of 12 months without recurrence.
Change in awareness levels of cervical cancer among rural women after intervention by health education: a community-based study
Authors: Kalpana G. , Gangadharan Keshav , S. Pradeep , M. Devivaraprasad
Published: February 2020

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. The prevention and control of cervical cancer depends on awareness about the disease, screening procedures, and preventive measures. Objectives of this study was to assess the awareness levels on various aspects of cervical cancer among women aged 25-65 years, and to assess the impact of health education intervention among them.Methods: This community-based interventional study was conducted for a period of 15 months among 250 women aged 25-65 years by cluster sampling method in a rural population. Data on all aspects of awareness about cervical cancer, i.e., risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment and prevention were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured proforma. This was followed by a post-test 2 months after health education.Results: Overall awareness for cervical cancer was found to be very poor among the study subjects in the pre-test. Awareness on risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, and prevention of cervical cancer was found to be 6%, 3.6%, 1.2%, and 1.6% respectively. A significant increase in the knowledge level was found after health education.Conclusions: As the awareness levels regarding the cervical cancer was poor among the study population, health education programme and campaigns, along with periodic screening is need of the hour to effectively prevent cervical cancer.
Are we operating unnecessarily?: caesarean audit in a single unit of a private tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Singh Nidhi , . Manjusha
Published: February 2020

Background: Caesarean section emerged as a lifesaving surgery in situations where vaginal delivery could put the mother and fetus at risk. Over the years global rise in caesarean delivery rate has been alarming and may be attributed to changes in medical practice and societal expectations, especially in urban areas and developing countries. Rising caesarean rate is worrisome as it increases maternal morbidity, exposes the mother to future obstetric risks, besides increasing financial burden on the health care system. Caesarean audits could be an effective tool to analyse, understand and propose solutions to reduce caesarean rates. Hence, this retrospective study was conducted to audit caesarean sections done over a period of 5 years (2011 to 2015) in a single unit of a tertiary care private hospital in North India.Methods: The case records of all caesarean deliveries from January 2011 to December 2015 were analysed retrospectively for demographic profile, clinical parameters and recorded indication of caesarean section on the basis of Robson’s classification.Results: The caesarean section rate in the study was 61.8%. According to Robson’s 10 system classification, Group 2, 5 and 10 were the largest contributors. The commonest indication was previous LSCS (18.7%) followed closely by fetal distress (15.4%) and prolonged labor/failed induction (13.3%). Maternal request contributed 10.6% of the Caesarean deliveries.Conclusions: The caesarean section rate in our study is way higher than the national average. We need to re-duce caesareans in primigravidae and consider VBAC where appropriate. Use of Electronic fetal monitoring during labor needs to be optimized. Appropriate use of oxytocics, proper monitoring and using robust criterion to infer non progress of labor are important. Appropriate counselling and assured pain management during labor may help reduce caesareans on maternal request.
Desarda technique versus Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia in tertiary care centre: a prospective study
Authors: Poojary Harsha S. , Prasanna Praveen Gudde , Mulki Siddharth
Published: February 2020

Background: Various techniques for treatment of inguinal hernia have been studied. The use of a mesh is costly and has its own complications. In Desarda’s technique- external oblique muscle aponeurosis is placed in the form of an undetached strip for inguinal hernia repair. The objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of Lichtenstein’s repair versus Desarda’s technique.Methods: In this prospective study, 50 patients with inguinal hernia were enrolled at A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre. 25 patients each were divided into two groups by randomization and were operated using Lichtenstein’s hernioplasty and Desarda’s technique. Patients were assessed for cost effectiveness, operation time, postoperative pain, hospital stay, foreign body sensation, return to non-strenuous activity, complications and recurrence rate in the postoperative period on day 1, 3, 5, 1 month and 6 months.Results: With regards to pain, foreign body sensation and duration of surgery Desarda’s repair was better than Lichtenstein’s repair (p<0.05). Mean hospital stay in Desarda’s group was comparable to the Lichtenstein group (p=0.16). Return to normal non-strenuous activity after 7-15 days in Desarda was 80% and 64% in Lichtenstein. No case of recurrence or chronic groin pain in either group was found.Conclusions: Based on the result, reduced cost of treatment, lesser post-operative pain and no mesh related complications authors can conclude that Desarda’s technique is equally effective as Lichtenstein’s repair for inguinal hernia and can consider it as the method of choice in treating inguinal hernia.