bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Range of Hip Joint Motion Is Correlated With MRI-Verified Cam Deformity in Adolescent Elite Skiers
Authors: Agnvall Cecilia , Swärd Aminoff Anna , Todd Carl , Jonasson Pall , Thoreson Olof , Swärd Leif , Karlsson Jon , Baranto Adad
Published: June 2017

Background:

Radiologically verified cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been shown to correlate with reduced internal rotation, reduced passive hip flexion, and a positive anterior impingement test.

Purpose:

To validate how a clinical examination of the hip joint correlates with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–verified cam deformity in adolescents.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The sample group consisted of 102 adolescents with the mean age 17.7 ± 1.4 years. The hip joints were examined using MRI for measurements of the presence of cam (α-angle ≥55°) and clinically for range of motion (ROM) in both supine and sitting positions. The participants were divided into a cam and a noncam group based on the results of the MRI examination. Passive hip flexion, internal rotation, anterior impingement, and the FABER (flexion, abduction, and external rotation) test were used to test both hips in the supine position. With the participant sitting, the internal/external rotation of the hip joint was measured in 3 different positions of the pelvis (neutral, maximum anteversion, and retroversion) and lumbar spine (neutral, maximum extension, and flexion).

Results:

Differences were found between the cam and noncam groups in terms of the anterior impingement test (right, P = .010; left, P = .006), passive supine hip flexion (right: mean, 5°; cam, 117°; noncam, 122° [ P = .05]; and left: mean, 8.5°; cam, 116°; noncam, 124.5° [ P = .001]), supine internal rotation (right: mean, 4.9°; cam, 24°; noncam, 29° [ P = .022]; and left: mean, 4.8°; cam, 26°; noncam, 31° [ P = .028]), sitting internal rotation with the pelvis and lumbar spine in neutral (right: mean, 7.95°; cam, 29°; noncam, 37° [ P = .001]; and left: mean, 6.5°; cam, 31.5°; noncam, 38° [ P = .006]), maximum anteversion of the pelvis and extension of the lumbar spine (right: mean, 5.2°; cam, 20°; noncam, 25° [ P = .004]; and left: mean, 5.85°; cam, 20.5; noncam, 26.4° [ P = .004]), and maximum retroversion of the pelvis and flexion of the spine (right: mean, 8.4°; cam, 32.5°; noncam, 41° [ P = .001]; and left: mean, 6.2°; cam, 36°; noncam, 42.3° [ P = .012]). The cam group had reduced ROM compared with the noncam group in all clinical ROM measures.

Conclusion:

The presence of cam deformity on MRI correlates with reduced internal rotation in the supine and sitting positions, passive supine hip flexion, and the impingement test in adolescents.
Overuse Injuries in Professional Ballet: Influence of Age and Years of Professional Practice
Authors: Sobrino Francisco José , Guillén Pedro
Published: June 2017

Background:

In spite of the high rate of overuse injuries in ballet dancers, no studies have investigated the prevalence of overuse injuries in professional dancers by providing specific diagnoses and details on the differences in the injuries sustained as a function of age and/or years of professional practice.

Hypothesis:

Overuse injuries are the most prevalent injuries in ballet dancers. Professional ballet dancers suffer different types of injuries depending on their age and years of professional practice.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

This descriptive epidemiological study was carried out between January 1, 2005, and October 10, 2010, regarding injuries sustained by professional dancers belonging to the major Spanish ballet companies practicing classical, neoclassical, contemporary, and Spanish dance. The sample was distributed into 3 different groups according to age and years of professional practice. Data were obtained from the specialized medical care the dancers received from the Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Service at Fremap in Madrid. The dependent variable was the study of the injury.

Results:

A total of 486 injuries were identified over the study period, with overuse injuries being the most common etiology ( P < .0001); these injuries were especially prevalent in junior professional dancers practicing classical ballet and veteran dancers practicing contemporary ballet ( P = .01). Specifically, among other findings, stress fractures of the base of the second metatarsal ( P = .03), patellofemoral syndrome, and os trigonum syndrome were more prevalent among junior professionals ( P = .04); chondral injury of the knee in senior professionals ( P = .04); and cervical disc disease in dancers of intermediate age and level of experience.

Conclusion:

Overall, overuse injuries were more prevalent in younger professionals, especially in women. This finding was especially true for the more technical ballet disciplines. On the other hand, in the athletic ballet disciplines, overuse lesions occurred mainly in the more senior professionals.

Clinical Relevance:

This study provides specific clinical diagnoses obtained through physical examination as well as details on the different injury types sustained as a function of age and/or years of professional practice, an important aspect for ballet and sports practice in general.
Changing Body Movement Patterns in 9-Year-Old Baseball Pitchers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fehringer Edward V. , Dilisio Matthew F. , Greco Chaeli E. , Fleming Shane M. , Brezenski Jon W. , High Robin R.
Published: June 2017

Background:

Arm injuries in throwing athletes continue to increase. Injuries may be due to multiple variables, including inefficient body movement patterns, especially in young baseball throwers. It is unclear whether these patterns can be efficiently altered in this population.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To investigate the effect of a novel 21-day throwing program on body movement patterns in youth baseball players using common practical tools. Our hypothesis was that this program would change body movement patterns over a relatively short period.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten 9-year-old baseball athletes were asked to participate in a 21–consecutive day throwing program focused on decreasing inefficiencies. All participants underwent video evaluation from 2 vantage points as well as radar evaluation before and after the programs. Throwing arm humerothoracic and antecubital angles as well as pelvic angles in the frontal view were measured at the time of front (directional) leg heel/toe down (late cocking) for each of 3 pitches. Glove-side humerothoracic angles and back leg minimum popliteal angles were measured from behind for each of 3 additional pitches. Velocity was measured using a radar gun. All angular measurements were performed by a physical therapist blinded to the purposes of the program and study as well as to video chronology.

Results:

Throwing arm antecubital angle ( P = .01) and humerothoracic angle ( P = .03) as well as back leg minimum popliteal angle ( P = .03) all decreased, with mean decreases of 35°, 10°, and 8°, respectively. Velocity increased with decreased back leg popliteal angles ( P = .019); mean velocity increased 2.6 mph ( P = .016).

Conclusion:

Young baseball throwers can quickly retrain their bodies to accomplish different movement patterns.

Clinical Relevance:

This novel throwing program may have implications for injury prevention and treatment as we identify better baseball-throwing movement patterns.
The comparative efficacy of angiosome‐directed and indirect revascularisation strategies to aid healing of chronic foot wounds in patients with co‐morbid diabetes mellitus and critical limb ischaemia: a literature review
Authors: Khor Benedictine Y. C. , Price Pamela
Published: June 2017

Background

Ischaemic ulcerations have been reported to persist and/or deteriorate despite technically successful revascularisations; a higher incidence of which affects patients with diabetes and critical limb ischaemia. In the context of wound healing, it is unclear if applications of the angiosome concept in ‘direct revascularisation’ (DR) would be able to aid the healing of chronic foot ulcerations better than the current ‘best vessel’ or ‘indirect revascularisation’ (IR) strategy in patients with co‐morbid diabetes and critical limb ischaemia.

Methods

A literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases, namely AMED, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, ProQuest Health & Medicine Complete, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, PubMed, ScienceDirect and TRIP database. Articles were initially screened against a pre‐established inclusion and exclusion criteria to determine eligibility and subsequently appraised using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale.

Results

Five retrospective studies of varying methodological quality were eligible for inclusion in this review. Critical analysis of an aggregated population (n = 280) from methodologically stronger studies indicates better wound healing outcomes in subjects who had undergone DR as compared to IR (p < 0.001; p = 0.04). DR also appears to result in a nearly twofold increase in probability of wound healing within 12 months (hazard ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.34–2.90). This suggests that achieving direct arterial perfusion to the site of ulceration may be important for the healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcerations.

Conclusion

Incorporating an angiosome‐directed approach in the lower limb revascularisation strategy could be a very useful adjunct to a solely indirect approach, which could increase the likelihood of wound healing. With the limited data currently available, findings appear promising and merit from further investigation. Additional research to form a solid evidence base for this revised strategy in patients with co‐morbid diabetes and critical limb ischaemia is warranted.
Seismic characterization of a carbonate reservoir in Tarim Basin
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Yanghua
Published: June 2017

Seismic characterization of carbonate reservoirs is a challenging task for geophysicists because of their special depositional environment and complex interior structures. We developed a case study of the seismic characterization of a karstified carbonate reservoir in the Tarim Basin, western China. The characterization procedure is sequential and includes fault and fracture detection, seismic facies classification, seismic impedance inversion, and lithofacies classification. We presented a dip-steered coherence algorithm for detecting faults and karst fractures in the carbonate reservoir. Incorporating the dip information improves the performance and robustness. We applied normalized seismic segments, rather than the amplitude values, as the input to seismic facies classification, so as to reduce the impact of strong amplitudes, such as karst fractures, and to enable the analysis of weak amplitudes in the background strata. For the impedance inversion, we adopted a Fourier integral method for fast simulation in the stochastic inversion in this karstified carbonate reservoir. The algorithm honors the lateral variation based on the seismic trace similarity, instead of the lateral variogram that is commonly used in stochastic inversion. We conducted lithofacies classification, in which we used seismic coherence as a prior knowledge, so as to honor the fracture-associated local lithofacies with dolomitization and to distinguish it from limestone without dolomitization. Based on reservoir characterization described above, we determined three drilling wells for potential oil/gas exploration.
Picturing an Afterlife of Indenture
Authors: Mohabir Nalini
Published: June 2017

This essay engages with visual cues that point to an afterlife of indentureship across a culture, history, and economics of labor, evident as a felt presence or absence in photographic representations of Caribbean persons. The author re-views photographs (both archival and artistic) taken in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries with the aim of advancing a notion of indentureship, at once larger and more circumscribed than Indo-Caribbean identity. This goal is underscored by three premises: visualization connects documentary sources to their imaginative coordinates; dynamics of affect, memory, and history related to indentureship are mobilized in the photographic arts of the Caribbean diaspora; and the aesthetic is a conceptual space with cultural resonance for the descendants of indentured laborers. In essence, the author finds that visual evidence of an indentured past requires the arts of imagination to understand the invisible and visible currents still present.
When the Moon Waxes Red: Afro-Asian Feminist Intimacies and the Aesthetics of Indenture
Authors: Ellapen Jordache A.
Published: June 2017

This essay focuses on South African artist Sharlene Khan's 2016 multimedia project When the Moon Waxes Red in order to examine political culture in postapartheid South Africa. At the heart of Khan's project is the Indian indentureship experience. The author argues that the return to the indentureship experience in cultural production disrupts the linear progressive narrative of the postapartheid nation by revealing how the traumas of the past resonate in the present. Furthermore Khan's project opens up questions around racial formations, memory, history, and national identity in the postapartheid period. Through an analysis of her aesthetic practice, this essay examines the way the artist forges a transnational Afro-Asian feminist framework that links Africa, Asia, and the Americas by emphasizing the various forms of violence—state, domestic, sexual, racial, colonial, apartheid, imperial, neoliberal—that connect black and brown lives both in the global South and global North.
Why Do College-Going Interventions Work?
Authors: Carrell Scott , Sacerdote Bruce
Published: June 2017

We present evidence from a series of field experiments in college coaching/mentoring. We find large impacts on college attendance and persistence, but only in the treatments where we use an intensive boots-on-the-ground approach to helping students. Our treatments that provide financial incentives or information alone do not appear to be effective. For women, assignment to our mentoring treatment yields a 15 percentage point increase in the college-going rate while treatment on the treated estimates are 30 percentage points (against a control complier mean rate of 43 percent). We find much smaller treatment effects for men, and the difference in treatment effects across genders is partially explained by the differential in self-reported labor market opportunities. We do not find evidence that the treatment effect derives from simple behavioral mistakes, student disorganization, or a lack of easily obtained information. Instead our mentoring program appears to substitute for the potentially expensive and often missing ingredient of skilled parental or teacher time and encouragement. (JEL I21, I23, I28)
Cycling to School: Increasing Secondary School Enrollment for Girls in India
Authors: Muralidharan Karthik , Prakash Nishith
Published: June 2017

We study the impact of an innovative program in the Indian state of Bihar that aimed to reduce the gender gap in secondary school enrollment by providing girls who continued to secondary school with a bicycle that would improve access to school. Using data from a large representative household survey, we employ a triple difference approach (using boys and the neighboring state of Jharkhand as comparison groups) and find that being in a cohort that was exposed to the Cycle program increased girls' age-appropriate enrollment in secondary school by 32 percent and reduced the corresponding gender gap by 40 percent. We also find an 18 percent increase in the number of girls who appear for the high-stakes secondary school certificate exam, and a 12 percent increase in the number of girls who pass it. Parametric and non-parametric decompositions of the triple-difference estimate as a function of distance to the nearest secondary school show that the increases in enrollment mostly took place in villages that were further away from a secondary school, suggesting that the mechanism of impact was the reduction in the time and safety cost of school attendance made possible by the bicycle. We also find that the Cycle program was much more cost effective at increasing girls' secondary school enrollment than comparable conditional cash transfer programs in South Asia. (JEL H42, I21, I28, J16, O15, O18)
Team Production in International Labor Markets: Experimental Evidence from the Field
Authors: Lyons Elizabeth
Published: June 2017

Coworkers are increasingly diverse in their nationality and skill sets. This paper studies the effect of diversity on how workers are organized using data from a field experiment conducted in an environment where diversity is pervasive. Findings show that team organization improves outcomes when workers are from the same country. The opposite is true when workers are nationally diverse. These results are more pronounced for teams of workers with specialized skills. Further investigation of the data suggests that nationally diverse teams have difficulty communicating. (JEL D83, F23, F66, J24, M16, M54)
MicroRNAs in the development and neoplasia of the mammary gland
Authors: Jena Manoj Kumar
Published: June 2017

Study on the role of microRNAs (miRs) as regulators of gene expression through posttranscriptional gene silencing is currently gaining much interest,due to their wide involvement in different physiological processes. Understanding mammary gland development, lactation, and neoplasia in relation to miRs is essential. miR expression profiling of the mammary gland from different species in various developmental stages shows their role as critical regulators of development. miRs such as miR-126, miR-150, and miR-145 have been shown to be involved in lipid metabolism during lactation. In addition, lactogenic hormones influence miR expression as evidenced by overexpression of miR-148a in cow mammary epithelial cells, leading to enhanced lactation. Similarly, the miR-29 family modulates lactation-related gene expression by regulating DNA methylation of their promoters. Besides their role in development, lactation and involution, miRs are responsible for breast cancer development. Perturbed estrogen (E2) signaling is one of the major causes of breast cancer. Increased E2 levels cause altered expression of ERα, and ERα-miR cross-talk promotes tumour progression. miRs, such as miR-206, miR-34a, miR-17-5p, and miR-125 a/b are found to be tumour suppressors; whereas miR-21, miR-10B, and miR-155 are oncogenes.Studies using an ACI rat model showed similar findings of miR dysregulation due to excess E2, and a natural phenol antioxidant ellagic acid showed therapeutic properties by reversing the miR dysregulation. This review focuses on the recent findings concerning the role of miRs in developmental stages of the mammary gland (mainly lactation and involution stages) and their involvement in breast cancer progression. Further studies in this area will help us understand the molecular details of mammary gland biology,as well as miRs that could be therapeutic targets of breast cancer.
MANAGING THE CUSTOMER SERVICE OF THE CREDIT INSTITUTION: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL AND OPERATIONAL ELEMENTS
Authors: Новокрещенова Ольга , Novokreshchenova Olga
Published: June 2017

Rapid changes of requirements of consumers to the quality and availability of banking products and market changes and legislation require constant monitoring and the need for updating the main management processes of the credit institution, one of which is the process of customer service. The problem of most domestic banks is reactive management of customer service and consideration of it as more of a marketing component. The most important way to improve competitiveness and achieve sustainable development of credit institutions is the management implementation, based on the use of tools of quality management and process control services allows to anticipate the constantly changing external environment, to prevent problems, to initiate changes. In the first stage of implementation of changes it is necessary to analyze the existing structural and operational process controls customer service of the credit institution. To ensure the validity of theoretical positions used in the work of critical analysis, abstract-logical and comparative methods of scientific research. The work is based on the analysis of writings of Russian and foreign economists. The article presents various approaches to the definition of «control ». Features of management process of customer service of the credit organization are considered from the point of definition of structural and operational elements of the process. On the basis of the analysis approaches and models it was built the model of management process customer service of the credit institution from the standpoint of quality management, object of management which is the process of customer service in the bank. This model combines the advantages of the process approach to management (allows for more detailed consideration of the stage of the service process), system approach to management (allows you to define the subject, object management, control and feedback), and also graphically represents the processes that are implemented at the level of the bank's management (PDCA cycle).
Experience In Development of E-Learning Tools For Teaching of Geometry And Graphic Disciplines
Authors: Игнатьев  , Ignat'ev S. , Мороз  , Moroz O. , Третьякова  , Tret'yakova Z. , Фоломкин  , Folomkin A.
Published: June 2017

In conditions of global information system development, when work on creation of software training resources has been transferred in the rank of priority tasks for Russian Federation’s education modernization, it’s really necessary for each high educational institution to develop its own e-learning tools that meet not only the Federal state educational standards, but also academic disciplines’ work programs approved by the higher educational institution, its industry-based specificity, as well as higher educational institution’s established traditions. This paper’s aim is to present the experience in development of e-learning tools for geometric and graphic disciplines of Saint Petersburg Mining University’s “Descriptive Geometry and Graphics" chair. In the paper has been carried out an overview of e-learning tools used in students training on geometric and graphic disciplines. Have been identified and analyzed visiting statistics and content for various websites of geometrical-graphic profile. Have been performed a patent search and analysis of available information on the Federal Institute of Industrial Property’s official website. Have been analyzed the current requirements for e-learning systems, based on which has been designed a software complex for students’ independent work in bachelor’s degrees 09.03.01 ("Information and Computer Science") and 11.03.04 ("Electronics and Nano-electronics"). The problems related to development of e-learning tools by Borland Delphi, and their features have been considered. Has been described an interface for computer program, and have been presented examples for modeling of typical tasks solved by students of listed bachelor’s degrees at Mining University’s “Descriptive Geometry and Graphics" chair. A structure and content of test questions’ database have been developed using the Microsoft Access database management system. Conclusions as well as software system’s further advanced development and improvement trends have been presented.
Economics of Maize (Zea mays L.) production in Nigeria and Maize traditional utilization
Authors: Adiaha Monday Sunday
Published: June 2017

A survey on economics of Maize (Zea mays L.) production in Nigeria and its traditional utilization was conducted. Result of the survey presented maize having the potential of increasing the economy of the nation. Analyzed data presented maize been able to increase the income of the local people and foreign exchange earnings, as observed where price of the crop during 1980 (2500) stands below price at 1989 (14000). Increased in land utilization with increase in years was observed in data analyzed as 1980 (95600 hectares) of land area stands below (211740) in1989. Traditional utilization of maize has been found to include where the crop is been used as herbal medicine, as food, in traditional religion, in-addition to where the crop is been utilized in marital rituals.
Percepciones sobre la migración venezolana: causas, España como destino, expectativas de retorno
Authors: Castillo Crasto Tomás , Reguant Álvarez Mercedes
Published: June 2017

Venezuela, a lo largo de su historia ha sido un país receptor de inmigrantes. Actualmente, presenta un patrón migratorio completamente distinto, motivado por una crisis nacional bajo un contexto de deterioro institucional, recesión económica y descomposición social, situación que ha ido empeorando durante los últimos 17 años. Este trabajo es un estudio exploratorio de orientación cualitativa. Hecho a través de un análisis bibliográfico de fuentes secundarias y la consulta en profundidad a inmigrantes venezolanos, que ofrecen su percepción respecto a cinco dimensiones: trayectoria migratoria, educación, formación y situación laboral, participación en redes, situación socioeconómica venezolana y expectativas de retorno. Los hallazgos principales, tanto de fuentes documentales como en la consulta empírica, nos remiten a la existencia de un grave deterioro de las condiciones de vida en Venezuela y la necesidad de un cambio profundo a nivel político, económico y social como condición necesaria para un posible retorno.
Organizational identification and students' achievement: The moderating role of perceived organizational prestige
Authors: Özgür Elif Özlem , Negiş Işık Ayşe
Published: June 2017

This study examined the relationship between teachers' organizational identification levels and students' achievement and the moderator role of perceived organizational prestige in this relationship. The universe of the study is made up of 4537 teachers working in Konya central districts. The population was 523 teachers randomly selected from 4 private and 25 public schools on the basis of 2013-2014 TEOG (Transition from Primary Education to Secondary Education Exam) results and representation of the three central districts. Data was collected using Organizational Identification Scale, Perceived Organizational Prestige Scale and 2013-2014 TEOG results' school averages to evaluate the student achievement. The results of the study revealed that teachers' organizational identification and perceived organizational prestige were significant predictors of student achievement. Besides, perceived organizational prestige moderated the association between organizational identification and student achievement, suggesting that organizational identification and student achievement positively correlated when perceived prestige was high and this association was negative when perceived prestige was low.
Effect of Physical and Psychosocial Interventions on Hormone and Performance Outcomes in Professional Rugby Union Players: A Systematic Review
Authors: Strahorn Joshua , Serpell Benjamin G. , McKune Andrew , Pumpa Kate L.
Published: June 2017

Strahorn, J, Serpell, BG, McKune, A, and Pumpa, KL. Effect of physical and psychosocial interventions on hormone and performance outcomes in professional rugby union players: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3158–3169, 2017—This systematic review investigates the acute effects of physical or psychosocial interventions on testosterone and cortisol responses in elite male rugby union players, and the subsequent association with physical performance areas (e.g., strength, power, sprint performance) or key performance indicators (e.g., coach-identified skills). Medline (via EBSCO), SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, InformIT, ProQuest, Cochrane, and Scopus were searched for relevant articles. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria, with 6 articles examining the effect of speed, strength or power training, and the remaining 3 psychosocial interventions. Quality assessment of the articles as determined by their PEDro score was either 6 or 7 out of 11. This review found that both physical and psychosocial interventions can alter testosterone and cortisol, and physical performance areas important for rugby union are affected by these changes. The limited literature in the field supports the notion that physical interventions of short duration and high intensity, and psychosocial interventions that create a positive environment may elicit a hormonal response that is associated with favorable performance outcomes. Studies that reported psychosocial interventions suggest that testosterone and cortisol may be altered in elite rugby players without metabolic stress, something of great interest to elite athletes and coaches who are looking to elicit a performance advantage without increasing athlete load. Overall, this review identified that when the testosterone responses to an intervention are notably greater than that of cortisol, favorable outcomes are likely. Further research is required to improve our understanding on how to best manipulate training to induce these favorable changes.
A Simple Model to Identify Risk of Sarcopenia and Physical Disability in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Farinatti Paulo , Paes Lorena , Harris Elizabeth A. , Lopes Gabriella O. , Borges Juliana P.
Published: June 2017

Farinatti, P, Paes, L, Harris, EA, Lopes, GO, and Borges, JP. A simple model to identify risk of sarcopenia and physical disability in HIV-infected patients. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2542–2551, 2017—Early detection of sarcopenia might help preventing muscle loss and disability in HIV-infected patients. This study proposed a model for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) to calculate indices to identify “sarcopenia” (SA) and “risk for disability due to sarcopenia” (RSA) in patients with HIV. An equation to estimate ASM was developed in 56 patients (47.2 ± 6.9 years), with a cross-validation sample of 24 patients (48.1 ± 6.6 years). The model validity was determined by calculating, in both samples: (a) Concordance between actual vs. estimated ASM; (b) Correlations between actual/estimated ASM vs. peak torque (PT) and total work (TW) during isokinetic knee extension/flexion; (c) Agreement of patients classified with SA and RSA. The predictive equation was ASM (kg) = 7.77 (sex; F = 0/M = 1) + 0.26 (arm circumference; cm) + 0.38 (thigh circumference; cm) + 0.03 (Body Mass Index; kg·m−2) − 8.94 (R

2
= 0.74; R
2adj = 0.72; SEE = 3.13 kg). Agreement between actual vs. estimated ASM was confirmed in validation (t = 0.081/p = 0.94; R = 0.86/p < 0.0001) and cross-validation (t = 0.12/p = 0.92; R = 0.87/p < 0.0001) samples. Regression characteristics in cross-validation sample (R
2adj = 0.80; SEE = 3.65) and PRESS (R
2
PRESS = 0.69; SEE
PRESS = 3.35) were compatible with the original model. Percent agreements for the classification of SA and RSA from indices calculated using actual and estimated ASM were of 87.5% and 77.2% (gamma correlations 0.72–1.0; p < 0.04) in validation, and 95.8% and 75.0% (gamma correlations 0.98–0.97; p < 0.001) in cross-validation sample, respectively. Correlations between actual/estimated ASM vs. PT (range 0.50–0.73, p ≤ 0.05) and TW (range 0.59–0.74, p ≤ 0.05) were similar in both samples. In conclusion, our model correctly estimated ASM to determine indices for identifying SA and RSA in HIV-infected patients.
Acute Responses to the 7-Minute Workout
Authors: Riegler Michelle , Stotz Gavin , Fitzgerald Kaitlyn , Munoz Christian K. , Lewis Jamie , Ring Sebastian , Astorino Todd A.
Published: June 2017

Riegler, M, Stotz, G, Fitzgerald, K, Munoz, CK, Lewis, J, Ring, S, and Astorino, TA. Acute responses to the 7-minute workout. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2572–2578, 2017—A popular smartphone application called the 7-Minute Workout (7Min) claims to be scientifically proven to promote weight loss and improve cardiovascular function. The application has 10 million downloads and has been reviewed by 350,000 users. However, changes in metabolic and perceptual variables in response to 7Min are unknown. Our study compared acute responses between 7Min and a time-matched session of cycling-based high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Fourteen active men and women (age and V̇o
2max = 25.4 ± 8.3 years and 40.5 ± 6.4 ml·kg−1·min−1) initially underwent V̇o
2max testing. During 2 subsequent sessions separated by ≥48 hours, they completed 7Min or HIIE. During exercise, oxygen uptake (V̇o
2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), and rating of perceived exertion were measured. Peak V̇o
2 was higher (p < 0.001) in HIIE vs. 7Min, and HIIE yielded greater (p < 0.001) mean V̇o
2 (1.83 ± 0.41 L·min−1 vs. 1.44 ± 0.32 L·min−1) and HR (159.0 ± 10.7 b·min−1 vs. 140.7 ± 18.3 b·min−1, p < 0.001) vs. 7Min. Blood lactate concentration increased (p < 0.001) during exercise but was similar between bouts (p = 0.07). Rating of perceived exertion was higher (p = 0.008) in response to HIIE vs. 7Min. Although 7Min yields lower peak V̇o
2 and HR than HIIE, it is characterized by bursts approaching 90 %HRmax and causes significant BLa accumulation, representing vigorous exercise. Nevertheless, 7Min is on the low end of the intensity spectrum, which questions whether it represents true HIIE and will confer similar benefits if performed long term.
Physical Fitness Characteristics of High vs. Low Performers on an Occupationally Specific Physical Agility Test for Patrol Officers
Authors: Dawes J. Jay , Lindsay Keston , Bero Jennifer , Elder Craig , Kornhauser Charlie , Holmes Ryan
Published: June 2017

Dawes, JJ, Lindsay, K, Bero J, Elder C, Kornhauser C, and Holmes, R. Physical fitness characteristics of high vs. low performers on an occupationally specific physical agility test for patrol officers. J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2808–2815, 2017—Law enforcement agencies frequently use physical ability tests (PATs) as a method of evaluating occupational performance. These tests are designed to replicate essential occupational tasks frequently performed by officers in the field. The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant relationships exist between the selected physical fitness tests and PAT performance and to determine which of these tests best differentiates between high and low PAT performers. Full-time highway patrol officers (n = 495) submitted self-reported anthropometric data (mean age = 39.6 + 7.7 years) along with fitness assessments taken from their organization's yearly fitness tests. All subjects completed a series of field-based fitness tests, as well as an occupationally specific PAT. Results of the study indicated that the selected tests accounted for almost 69% of the total variance on PAT performance. Overall, the 20-m meter multistage fitness test, 1-minute sit-up performance, and vertical jump height best predicted PAT performance. Furthermore, it was revealed that high performers were significantly more fit in all measures of dynamic fitness when compared with lower performers. No significant differences were discovered in static strength between groups. Strength and conditioning specialists should focus on developing aerobic capacity, trunk muscular endurance, and whole-body anaerobic power to improve PAT and occupational performance.
Structural and functional analysis of the GABARAP interaction motif (GIM)
Authors: Rogov Vladimir V , Stolz Alexandra , Ravichandran Arvind C , Rios‐Szwed Diana O , Suzuki Hironori , Kniss Andreas , Löhr Frank , Wakatsuki Soichi , Dötsch Volker , Dikic Ivan , Dobson Renwick CJ , McEwan David G
Published: June 2017

Through the canonical LC3 interaction motif (LIR), [W/F/Y]‐X1‐X2‐[I/L/V], protein complexes are recruited to autophagosomes to perform their functions as either autophagy adaptors or receptors. How these adaptors/receptors selectively interact with either LC3 or GABARAP families remains unclear. Herein, we determine the range of selectivity of 30 known core LIR motifs towards individual LC3s and GABARAPs. From these, we define a GABARAP Interaction Motif (GIM) sequence ([W/F]‐[V/I]‐X2‐V) that the adaptor protein PLEKHM1 tightly conforms to. Using biophysical and structural approaches, we show that the PLEKHM1‐LIR is indeed 11‐fold more specific for GABARAP than LC3B. Selective mutation of the X1 and X2 positions either completely abolished the interaction with all LC3 and GABARAPs or increased PLEKHM1‐GIM selectivity 20‐fold towards LC3B. Finally, we show that conversion of p62/SQSTM1, FUNDC1 and FIP200 LIRs into our newly defined GIM, by introducing two valine residues, enhances their interaction with endogenous GABARAP over LC3B. The identification of a GABARAP‐specific interaction motif will aid the identification and characterization of the expanding array of autophagy receptor and adaptor proteins and their in vivo functions.
Evaluation and Design of Genome-Wide CRISPR/SpCas9 Knockout Screens
Authors: Hart Traver , Tong Amy Hin Yan , Chan Katie , Van Leeuwen Jolanda , Seetharaman Ashwin , Aregger Michael , Chandrashekhar Megha , Hustedt Nicole , Seth Sahil , Noonan Avery , Habsid Andrea , Sizova Olga , Nedyalkova Lyudmila , Climie Ryan , Tworzyanski Leanne , Lawson Keith , Sartori Maria Augusta , Alibeh Sabriyeh , Tieu David , Masud Sanna , Mero Patricia , Weiss Alexander , Brown Kevin R , Usaj Matej , Billmann Maximilian , Rahman Mahfuzur , Costanzo Michael , Myers Chad L , Andrews Brenda J , Boone Charles , Durocher Daniel , Moffat Jason
Published: June 2017

The adaptation of CRISPR/SpCas9 technology to mammalian cell lines is transforming the study of human functional genomics. Pooled libraries of CRISPR guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting human protein-coding genes and encoded in viral vectors have been used to systematically create gene knockouts in a variety of human cancer and immortalized cell lines, in an effort to identify whether these knockouts cause cellular fitness defects. Previous work has shown that CRISPR screens are more sensitive and specific than pooled-library shRNA screens in similar assays, but currently there exists significant variability across CRISPR library designs and experimental protocols. In this study, we reanalyze 17 genome-scale knockout screens in human cell lines from three research groups, using three different genome-scale gRNA libraries. Using the Bayesian Analysis of Gene Essentiality algorithm to identify essential genes, we refine and expand our previously defined set of human core essential genes from 360 to 684 genes. We use this expanded set of reference core essential genes, CEG2, plus empirical data from six CRISPR knockout screens to guide the design of a sequence-optimized gRNA library, the Toronto KnockOut version 3.0 (TKOv3) library. We then demonstrate the high effectiveness of the library relative to reference sets of essential and nonessential genes, as well as other screens using similar approaches. The optimized TKOv3 library, combined with the CEG2 reference set, provide an efficient, highly optimized platform for performing and assessing gene knockout screens in human cell lines.
Uso de las plantas por comunidades campesinas en la ruralidad de Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Authors: Pérez Darío , Matiz-Guerra Laura Catalina
Published: June 2017

Los campesinos colombianos poseen un valioso conocimiento etnobotánico que constituye parte del patrimonio biocultural e identitario que está en riesgo de desaparecer, producto del cambio en el uso de suelo, migraciones internas y dinámicas del mercado. En este estudio se documentaron usos de las plantas por parte de comunidades campesinas que viven en las áreas rurales de la ciudad de Bogotá. Basados en métodos de investigación cualitativa aplicados en entrevistas y en caminatas etnobotánicas se visitaron las áreas de aprovechamiento de 18 sabedores quienes proporcionaron información de 231 especies de plantas útiles asociadas a 320 nombres comunes. Estas especies corresponden a 86 familias botánicas y 191 géneros. Las familias Asteraceae (11%) y Lamiaceae (6%) son las que presentan mayor porcentaje de especies. Se determinaron 12 categorías de uso, dentro de las que predominó el uso medicinal (39%). La categorización de valor relativo indica que las variedades de “Cubio” (Tropaeolum tuberosum) están definidas como muy importantes, mientras que el “Encenillo” (Weinmannia tomentosa), proveniente de áreas boscosas circundantes, con cinco usos reportados, fue el que mayor número de registros presentó. Entre las especies útiles reportadas el 58% son sembradas en las huertas, mientras que el 42% son especies silvestres. En ese sentido en la ruralidad de Bogotá las huertas campesinas junto con la vegetación silvestre adyacente cumplen un papel fundamental para el autoconsumo y el mantenimiento de la agrobiodiversidad local, sugiriendo la importancia de la valoración y la integración de los conocimientos campesinos en planes de manejo y conservación de la biodiversidad de los ecosistemas altoandinos.*Anexo 1
Estructura y composición florística de la vegetación en proceso de restauración en los Cerros Orientales de Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Rojas-B. Sandra Liliana
Published: June 2017

Se analizó la estructura, la riqueza y la composición florística de un sector de los Cerros Orientales de Bogotá para evaluar los alcances de la restauración ecológica desarrollada en la zona e identificar necesidades para optimizar los esfuerzos de restauración. Se determinaron los tipos de coberturas y se usaron transectos de 50 x 2 m para censar los individuos leñosos con altura ≥ 0,30 m. Se registraron 7604 individuos de 106 especies y 46 familias. La cobertura más extensa fue plantación forestal exótica. En matorrales densos se encontró la mayor riqueza de especies, seguida por plantaciones forestales, pastizales y matorrales abiertos. El 51% de los individuos pertenece a especies nativas. El 85% de los individuos se encuentra en los estratos herbáceo y arbustivo, y el 92% presenta un DAP ≤ 12 cm. Las especies con mayor valor de importancia fueron Acacia decurrens, Acacia melanoxylon y Eucalyptus globulus en las coberturas de plantación forestal, Fuchsia boliviana, Varronia cylindrostachya y Ulex europaeus en matorrales densos, Prunus serotina, Miconia squamulosa y Acacia decurrens en matorrales abiertos, Eucalyptus globulus, Baccharis latifolia y Sambucus nigra en pastizales misceláneos. La vegetación se encuentra en etapas iniciales a intermedias de la sucesión de bosques secundarios. Las especies exóticas e invasoras son persistentes y requieren manejo continuado. Las plantaciones forestales exóticas han facilitado la regeneración de la vegetación, aunque deben realizarse estudios de suelos para seleccionar más eficientemente las especies nativas a introducir. Varronia cylindrostachya, Miconia squamulosa, Piper bogotensis y Baccharis latifolia son recolonizadoras claves en la sucesión.
Validación de procesos con análisis inicial de criticidad aplicado a la obtención del principio activo policosanol (PPG)
Authors: Herrera Galán Michael , Duany Alfonso Yoenia
Published: June 2017

El proceso de validación se puede definir como la técnica mediante la cual se estable evidencia documentada, con alto grado de aseguramiento, de que un proceso específico proporciona en forma consistente un producto que cubre con las especificaciones predeterminadas y sus atributos de calidad. Identificar cuáles son los activos que se someterán al proceso de validación es una tarea prioritaria  para cualquier empresa que implemente un Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad, lo cual repercute de manera directa en el éxito de cualquier empresa. Como consecuencia de esto en septiembre de 2014, se diseñó un procedimiento en el departamento de Aseguramiento de la Calidad, dirección de Producción, CNIC, con el OBJETIVO de determinar aquellos equipos o sistemas de apoyo auxiliar que serán sometidos al proceso de validación. Para darle cumplimiento a nuestro objetivo el MÉTODO utilizado se basa en la combinación de técnicas de riesgos tradicionales como son los métodos comparativos, diagramas lógicos de fallas, estudios de riesgo y operatividad, análisis de modos de falla y efectos, y otros.  Como RESULTADO se obtuvo un procedimiento general para la aplicación de la técnica de criticidad, la cual denominamos HAZID (HAZardIDentification), basado en el análisis de riesgos. Como CONCLUSIÓN fundamental se obtiene un criterio de partida para justificar la inclusión de un equipo o sistema al proceso de validación.
Formulación mixta de bacterias lácticas para el control de Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: García Gonzalez Estefania , García Salazar Angela Patricia , Rojas Dorado María Catalina , Ordoñez Artunduaga Diana Alejandra , Serna Cock Liliana
Published: June 2017

La combinación de la actividad metabólica de cepas bacterianas potencializa la actividad antimicrobiana contra microorganismos patógenos, en comparación con la actividad que pueden presentar las cepas microbianas en forma individual. La formulación mixta de bacterias acido lácticas ha sido estudiada para la producción de preparados probióticos con actividad antimicrobiana contra patógenos. Listeria monocytogenes es considerado un microorganismo patógeno para el hombre y animales, causando principalmente, la enfermedad conocida como listeriosis. Se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana de una formulación mixta de Lactobacillus brevis y Weisella cibaria frente a Listeria monocytogenes. L. brevis y W. cibaria se reprodujeron por fermentaciones en discontinuo durante 48 horas. Se midió la cinética de la actividad antimicrobiana contra L. monocytogenes en los siguientes tiempos de fermentación, 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 y 48 horas. En cada tiempo, la actividad antimicrobiana de la mezcla de cepas se comparó con la actividad antimicrobiana de las cepas en forma individual. La actividad antimicrobiana se midió mediante el diámetro de Feret, utilizando un software de evaluación de imágenes. Se encontró que la actividad antimicrobiana de la mezcla de cepas contra L. monocytogenes fue estable desde la segunda hora de fermentación hasta las 48 horas. A partir de 18 horas de fermentación la mezcla de cepas presentó actividad antimicrobiana superior, comparada con las cepas individuales. Los resultados indican que la formulación mixta de L. brevis y W. cibaria podría ser una opción biotecnológica para el desarrollo de antimicrobianos naturales para el control y prevención de L. monocytogenes.
Evaluación de diferentes métodos de extracción de ARN a partir del hongo nativo Xylaria sp.
Authors: Sandoval Pineda Jhon Felipe , Ochoa Corona Francisco , Torres Rojas Esperanza
Published: June 2017

La extracción de ARN de calidad constituye el primer paso para el análisis de la expresión génica. Sin embargo, su obtención no es sencilla debido a la susceptibilidad de esta molécula a la presencia de contaminantes como ARNasas, proteínas y polisacáridos. Adicionalmente, debido a la diversa composición de la pared celular de los hongos se requiere optimizar los procesos de extracción de ARN para organismos específicos. Este estudio evalúo el uso de diferentes metodologías de homogeneización de tejido (nitrógeno líquido y liofilización) y extracción de ARN (Trizol, CTAB y RNeasy mini kit) a partir del hongo nativo ascomiceto Xylaria sp. Se determinó la pureza, concentración e integridad del ARN obtenido por medio de espectrofotometría y electroforesis. Adicionalmente, se diseñaron cebadores de referencia para el gen β-Tubulina a partir del alineamiento de secuencias de este gen obtenidas de diferentes ascomicetes. Estos cebadores fueron utilizados para evaluar si el ARN extraído es amplificable mediante RT-PCR. Se determinó que la homogeneización de tejido por medio de liofilización generó mayores rendimientos de extracción independientemente del protocolo de extracción utilizado; sin embargo, éstos alteraron la integridad del ARN. Se obtuvo un ARN con mayor pureza con el protocolo CTABy un mayor rendimiento con el RNeasy mini kit. Los resultados indican que el ARN extraído, independientemente de la metodología de homogeneización y extracción utilizada, es amplificable mediante RT-PCR. No obstante, se recomienda homogeneizar el tejido con nitrógeno líquido y extraer con RNeasy mini kit por la brevedad del protocolo de extracción y calidad obtenida.