bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD73 downregulation by EGFR-targeted liposomal CD73 siRNA potentiates antitumor effect of liposomal doxorubicin in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Soleimani Anvar , Mirzavi Farshad , Nikoofal-Sahlabadi Sara , Nikpoor Amin Reza , Taghizadeh Bita , Barati Mehdi , Soukhtanloo Mohammad , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza
Published: June 2022

Blocking CD73 ectonucleotidase has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of a novel EGFR-Targeted liposomal CD73 siRNA formulation in combination therapy with liposomal doxorubicin in the 4T1 mouse model. CD73 siRNA was encapsulated into nanoliposomes by the ethanol injection method. After preparation, characterization, morphology, and stability evaluation of formulations, the toxicity was measured by MTT assay. Uptake assay and efficiency of the liposomal formulations were investigated on the 4T1 cell line. The liposomal formulation containing CD73 siRNA was targeted with GE11 peptide for in vivo evaluations. Following biodistribution analysis, the antitumor activity of prepared formulations in combination with liposomal doxorubicin was studied in mice bearing 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cells. Finally, the induction of immune response of formulations in concomitant treatment with liposomal doxorubicin was evaluated in the tumor microenvironment of a mouse model of breast cancer. The size of prepared liposomal formulations at N/P = 16 for the liposomal CD73 siRNA and GE11-liposomal CD73 siRNA groups were 89 nm ± 4.4 and 95 nm ± 6.6, respectively. The nanoparticle’s PDI was less than 0.3 and their surface charge was below 10 mV. The results demonstrated that N/P = 16 yielded the best encapsulation efficiency which was 94% ± 3.3. AFM results showed that the liposomes were spherical in shape and were less than 100 nm in size. The results of the MTT assay showed significant toxicity of the liposomes containing CD73 siRNA during the 48-h cell culture. Real-time PCR and flow cytometry results showed that liposomes containing CD73 siRNA could effectively downregulate CD73 expression. Liposomal formulations were able to significantly downregulate CD73 gene expression, in vivo. However, CD73 downregulation efficiency was significantly higher for the targeted form compared to the non-targeted formulation (P value < 0.01). The combination showed maximum tumor growth delay with remarkable survival improvement compared to the control group. Studying the immune responses in the treatment groups which received doxorubicin, showed decreased number of lymphocytes in the tumor environment. However, this decrease was lower in the combination therapy group. Finally, our results clearly showed that CD73 downregulation increases the activity of CD8+ lymphocytes (IFN-ℽ production) and also significantly decreases the Foxp3 in the CD25+ lymphocytes compared to the control group. GE11-Lipo CD73 siRNA formulation can efficiently knockdown CD73 ectonucleotidase. Also, the efficacy of liposomal doxorubicin is significantly enhanced via the downregulation of CD73 ectonucleotidase.
Patterns of social mixing in England changed in line with restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic (September 2020 to April 2022)
Authors: Smith Louise E. , Potts Henry W. W. , Amlȏt Richard , Fear Nicola T. , Michie Susan , Rubin G. James
Published: June 2022

Social mixing contributes to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We developed a composite measure for risky social mixing, investigating changes during the pandemic and factors associated with risky mixing. Forty-five waves of online cross-sectional surveys were used (n = 78,917 responses; 14 September 2020 to 13 April 2022). We investigated socio-demographic, contextual and psychological factors associated with engaging in highest risk social mixing in England at seven timepoints. Patterns of social mixing varied over time, broadly in line with changes in restrictions. Engaging in highest risk social mixing was associated with being younger, less worried about COVID-19, perceiving a lower risk of COVID-19, perceiving COVID-19 to be a less severe illness, thinking the risks of COVID-19 were being exaggerated, not agreeing that one’s personal behaviour had an impact on how COVID-19 spreads, and not agreeing that information from the UK Government about COVID-19 can be trusted. Our composite measure for risky social mixing varied in line with restrictions in place at the time of data collection, providing some validation of the measure. While messages targeting psychological factors may reduce higher risk social mixing, achieving a large change in risky social mixing in a short space of time may necessitate a reimposition of restrictions.
Physiological changes in Rhodococcus ruber S103 immobilized on biobooms using low-cost media enhance stress tolerance and crude oil-degrading activity
Authors: Naloka Kallayanee , Jaroonrunganan Jirakit , Woratecha Naphatsakorn , Khondee Nichakorn , Nojiri Hideaki , Pinyakong Onruthai
Published: June 2022

For economic feasibility, sugarcane molasses (0.5%, w/v) containing K2HPO4 (0.26%, w/v) and mature coconut water, low value byproducts, were used in cultivation of Rhodococcus ruber S103 for inoculum production and immobilization, respectively. Physiological changes of S103 grown in low-cost media, including cell hydrophobicity, saturated/unsaturated ratio of cellular fatty acids and biofilm formation activity, enhanced stress tolerance and crude oil biodegradation in freshwater and even under high salinity (5%, w/v). Biobooms comprised of S103 immobilized on polyurethane foam (PUF) was achieved with high biomass content (1010 colony-forming units g−1 PUF) via a scale-up process in a 5-L modified fluidized-bed bioreactor within 3 days. In a 500-L mesocosm, natural freshwater was spiked with crude oil (72 g or 667 mg g−1 dry biobooms), and a simulated wave was applied. Biobooms could remove 100% of crude oil within only 3 days and simultaneously biodegraded 60% of the adsorbed oil after 7 days when compared to boom control with indigenous bacteria. In addition, biobooms had a long shelf-life (at least 100 days) with high biodegradation activity (85.2 ± 2.3%) after storage in 10% (w/v) skimmed milk at room temperature. This study demonstrates that the low-cost production of biobooms has potential for future commercial bioremediation.
Validation of a mixture of rK26 and rK39 antigens from Iranian strain of Leishmania infantum to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies in human and reservoir hosts
Authors: Hosseini Farash Bibi Razieh , Mohebali Mehdi , Kazemi Bahram , Fata Abdolmajid , Hajjaran Homa , Akhoundi Behnaz , Raoofian Reza , Mastroeni Pietro , Moghaddas Elham , Khaledi Azad , Salehi Sangani Ghodratollah
Published: June 2022

Mediterranean type of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic parasitic infection. Some provinces of Iran are endemic for VL while other parts are considered as sporadic areas. This study aimed to assess a combination of recombinant K26 and rK39 antigens as well as crude antigen (CA), derived from an Iranian strain of L. infantum, compared to direct agglutination test (DAT) for the detection of VL in humans and domestic dogs as animal reservoir hosts of the disease. A combination of rK26 and rK39 antigens and also CA was evaluated using indirect ELISA on serum samples of 171 VL confirmed humans (n = 84) and domestic dogs (n = 87) as well as 176 healthy humans (n = 86) and domestic dogs (n = 90). Moreover, 36 serum samples of humans (n = 20) and canines (n = 16) with other potentially infectious diseases were collected and tested for finding cross- reactivity. The results of ELISA were compared to DAT, currently considered as gold standard for the serodiagnosis of VL. The sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values were calculated compared to DAT. The positive sera had previously shown a positive DAT titer ≥ 1:800 for humans and ≥ 1:80 for dogs. Analysis was done by MedCalc and SPSS softwares. Using the combination of rK26 and rK39 in ELISA, a sensitivity of 95.2% and a specificity of 93.0% % were found in human sera at a 1:800 (cut-off) titer when DAT-confirmed cases were compared with healthy controls; a sensitivity of 98.9% and specificity of 96.7%% were found at a 1:80 (cut-off) titer compared with DAT. A good degree of agreement was found between the combined rK39 and rK26-ELISA with DAT in human (0.882) and dog serum samples (0.955) by kappa analysis (p < 0.05). The ELISA using the CA test showed 75% sensitivity in human and 93.1% in dog serum samples as well as 53.5% specificity in human and 83.3% in dog,s sera, respectively. The combination of rK26 and rK39 recombinant antigen prepared from Iranian strain of Leishmania infantum showed high accuracy for the serodiagnosis of VL in human and domestic dogs. Further extended field trial with a larger sample size is recommended.
Integrating chromatin accessibility states in the design of targeted sequencing panels for liquid biopsy
Authors: Taklifi Pegah , Palizban Fahimeh , Mehrmohamadi Mahya
Published: June 2022

Dying tumor cells shed DNA fragments into the circulation that are known as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Liquid biopsy tests aim to detect cancer using known markers, including genetic alterations and epigenetic profiles of ctDNA. Despite various advantages, the major limitation remains the low fraction of tumor-originating DNA fragments in a high background of normal blood-cell originating fragments in the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) pool in plasma. Deep targeted sequencing of cfDNA allows for enrichment of fragments in known cancer marker-associated regions of the genome, thus increasing the chances of detecting the low fraction variant harboring fragments. Most targeted sequencing panels are designed to include known recurrent mutations or methylation markers of cancer. Here, we propose the integration of cancer-specific chromatin accessibility states into panel designs for liquid biopsy. Using machine learning approaches, we first identify accessible and inaccessible chromatin regions specific to each major human cancer type. We then introduce a score that quantifies local chromatin accessibility in tumor relative to blood cells and show that this metric can be useful for prioritizing marker regions with higher chances of being detected in cfDNA for inclusion in future panel designs.
Blood-derived lncRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis: the Good, the Bad and the Beauty
Authors: Badowski Cedric , He Bing , Garmire Lana X.
Published: June 2022

Cancer ranks as one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. The high mortality rate associated with cancer is partially due to the lack of reliable early detection methods and/or inaccurate diagnostic tools such as certain protein biomarkers. Cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA) such as circulating long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proposed as a new class of potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. The reported correlation between the presence of tumors and abnormal levels of lncRNAs in the blood of cancer patients has notably triggered a worldwide interest among clinicians and oncologists who have been actively investigating their potentials as reliable cancer biomarkers. In this report, we review the progress achieved (“the Good”) and challenges encountered (“the Bad”) in the development of circulating lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. We report and discuss the diagnostic performance of more than 50 different circulating lncRNAs and emphasize their numerous potential clinical applications (“the Beauty”) including therapeutic targets and agents, on top of diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. This review also summarizes the best methods of investigation and provides useful guidelines for clinicians and scientists who desire conducting their own clinical studies on circulating lncRNAs in cancer patients via RT-qPCR or Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).
Space bioprocess engineering on the horizon
Authors: Berliner Aaron J. , Lipsky Isaac , Ho Davian , Hilzinger Jacob M. , Vengerova Gretchen , Makrygiorgos Georgios , McNulty Matthew J. , Yates Kevin , Averesch Nils J. H. , Cockell Charles S. , Wallentine Tyler , Seefeldt Lance C. , Criddle Craig S. , Nandi Somen , McDonald Karen A. , Menezes Amor A. , Mesbah Ali , Arkin Adam P.
Published: June 2022

Space bioprocess engineering (SBE) is an emerging multi-disciplinary field to design, realize, and manage biologically-driven technologies specifically with the goal of supporting life on long term space missions. SBE considers synthetic biology and bioprocess engineering under the extreme constraints of the conditions of space. A coherent strategy for the long term development of this field is lacking. In this Perspective, we describe the need for an expanded mandate to explore biotechnological needs of the future missions. We then identify several key parameters—metrics, deployment, and training—which together form a pathway towards the successful development and implementation of SBE technologies of the future.
Status and challenges for molecular solar thermal energy storage system based devices
Authors: Wang Zhihang , Hölzel Helen , Moth-Poulsen Kasper
Published: June 2022

Molecular solar thermal energy storage systems (MOST) can store solar power via valence photoisomerization in molecular photoswitches. MOST concept based devices offer emission-free solar energy storage and release on-demand.
Synthesis of 2D anatase TiO2 with highly reactive facets by fluorine-free topochemical conversion of 1T-TiS2 nanosheets
Authors: Zarattini Marco , Dun Chaochao , Isherwood Liam H. , Felten Alexandre , Filippi Jonathan , Gordon Madeleine P. , Zhang Linfei , Kassem Omar , Song Xiuju , Zhang Wenjing , Ionescu Robert , Wittkopf Jarrid A. , Baidak Aliaksandr , Holder Helen , Santoro Carlo , Lavacchi Alessandro , Urban Jeffrey J. , Casiraghi Cinzia
Published: June 2022

Highly crystalline anatase TiO2 nanosheets, made by controlled oxidation of TiS2 nanosheets, expose the {001} and {100} facets, giving rise to enhancement in HER as compared to Degussa P25 TiO2 nanoparticles. No enhancement in ORR was observed.
Portable and sensitive detection of cancer cells via a handheld luminometer
Authors: Lei Jing , Shi Lu , Liu Wei , Li Baoxin , Jin Yan
Published: June 2022

A simple and sensitive chemiluminescent method for portable detection of cancer cells via a handheld luminometer.
Ultra-high SERS detection of consumable coloring agents using plasmonic gold nanostars with high aspect-ratio spikes
Authors: Atta Supriya , Watcharawittayakul Tongchatra , Vo-Dinh Tuan
Published: June 2022

Solution-based SERS detection by using a portable Raman instrument has emerged as an important tool due to its simplicity, and flexibility for rapid and on-site screening of analyte molecules.
Janus faced fluorocyclohexanes for supramolecular assembly: synthesis and solid state structures of equatorial mono-, di- and tri alkylated cyclohexanes and with tri-axial C–F bonds to impart polarity
Authors: Poskin Thomas J. , Piscelli Bruno A. , Yoshida Keigo , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Cormanich Rodrigo A. , Yamada Shigeyuki , O'Hagan David
Published: June 2022

The supramolecular stacking of all-syn-1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-trialkylcyclohexanes is dictated by polar triaxial C–F bonds.
Prediction of novel boron–carbon based clathrates
Authors: Cui Zhi , Zhang Xiaohua , Sun Yuanhui , Liu Yong , Yang Guochun
Published: June 2022

The identification of superconducting and superhard B–C framework clathrate materials based on first-principles density functional theory calculations.
Theoretical evaluation of the effect of bimetallic Au-based alloy catalysts on initial N2 electroreduction pathways
Authors: Zheng Weiguo , Ou Lihui , Chen Kaiyi , Qin Yao
Published: June 2022

The incorporation of Ni, Pd, Pt and Ru into Au to form bimetallic Au-based alloys with atomic ratios of 1 : 1 can remarkably enhance their electrocatalytic activity since the HER barriers are notably higher than that of N2H formation.
Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction: how do optimal enzyme active sites compare with organocatalysts
Authors: Ütnier Tuğçe , Çelebi-Ölçüm Nihan
Published: June 2022

Theoretical active site models for the Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction uncover the importance of cooperativity between the oxyanion hole and the acid–base catalyst in catalyzing multiple steps via minimal reorganization.
Maternal supplementation withArtemisia annuaL. ameliorates intestinal inflammationviainhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK pathways and improves the oxidative stability of offspring
Authors: Zhang Shihai , Xiong Liang , Cui Chang , Zhao Hao , Zhang Yufeng , Tian Zhezhe , Guan Wutai , Chen Fang
Published: June 2022

Artemisia annuaL. (A. annua) contains artemisinin, which attracts attention on account of its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects.
A precise and accurate analytical method for determination of osmium isotope ratios at the 1–15 pg level by using a MC-ICP-MS equipped with sparging introduction and high-sensitivity discrete dynode-type ion-counting detectors
Authors: Ohta Junichiro , Nozaki Tatsuo , Sato Honami , Ashida Kana , Kato Yasuhiro
Published: June 2022

Properly calibrated discrete dynode SEM ion-counting detectors and minimization of blank Os by an improved vial-cleaning method enables Os isotope analysis at the 1–15 pg level with high accuracy and precision.
The importance of structure property relationship for the designing of biomaterials using liquid crystal elastomers
Authors: Rohaley Grace A. R. , Hegmann Elda
Published: June 2022

In this perspective, we presented our group’s journey to design biomaterials using LCEs and as inks for 3D printing. We addressed properties sought in a scaffold that address cells’ specific needs, and how we used the intrinsic properties of LCEs to influence on cell behavior.
A novel electrochemical sensor for determination of uric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid and dopamine based on a carbon paste electrode modified with an electrochemically reduced para-nitrobenzoic acid/graphene oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Hadi Z. , Ghanbari Kh.
Published: June 2022

In this study, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode was modified by an electrochemically reduced para-nitrobenzoic acid/graphene oxide nanocomposite to measure uric acid.
Optimized colloidal growth of hexagonal close-packed Ag microparticles and their stability under catalytic conditions
Authors: Gebruers Michaël , Saha Rafikul A. , Kubarev Alexey V. , Clinckemalie Lotte , Liao Yuhe , Debroye Elke , Weng Bo , Roeffaers Maarten B. J.
Published: June 2022

The colloidal synthesis of hcp silver microparticles is optimized by tuning the chemical reduction kinetics and the surface stabilization during synthesis.
Compact accumulation of superatomic silver nanoclusters with an octahedral Ag6 core ligated by trithiane
Authors: Cheng Xun , Zhong Rui-Ru , Yuan Shang-Fu , Guan Zong-Jie , Liu Kuan-Guan
Published: June 2022

Two superatomic solids, a bi-cluster compound, [Ag6(3S)4(OTf)4][Ag6(3S)4(CCtBu)4](OTf)2 [Ag6(0)·Ag6(i)], and a homologous nanocluster, [Ag6(3S)4(tfa)4] (Ag6), have been described here, which are both close-packed in the crystal lattice with the ligation of trithiane.
Electronic structure and low-temperature thermoelectric transport of TiCoSb single crystals
Authors: Serrano-Sanchez Federico , Yao Mengyu , He Bin , Chen Dong , Gloskovskii Andrei , Fedorov Alexander , Auffermann Gudrun , Liu Enke , Burkhardt Ulrich , Fecher Gerhard H. , Fu Chenguang , Felser Claudia , Pan Yu
Published: June 2022

The electronic structure of half-Heusler TiCoSb single crystals reveals a band-convergence scenario in which slight changes at the Fermi level lead to significant differences in the Seebeck effective mass and electronic properties.
Spatially confined growth of carbon nanotubes in the pore channels of microporous ceramic supports with improved filtration efficiency
Authors: Yuan Kai , Gu Qilin , Zhang Feng , Zhong Zhaoxiang , Xing Weihong
Published: June 2022

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with high degrees of uniformity, orientation and controlled dimensions on porous supports are highly desirable for various applications such as separation of O/W emulsions and air purification.
Thermostable bacterial laccase for sustainable dyeing using plant phenols
Authors: Panwar Varsha , Dey Bipasa , Sheikh Javed Nabibaksha , Dutta Tanmay
Published: June 2022

Laccase is regarded as an efficacious eco-friendly enzyme in various industries.
Effect of tertiary amino groups in the hydrophobic segment of an amphiphilic block copolymer on zinc phthalocyanine encapsulation and photodynamic activity
Authors: Obata Makoto , Ishihara Eika , Hirohara Shiho
Published: June 2022

Tertiary amino groups in the hydrophobic core of polymer micelles affect the encapsulation and photodynamic activity of zinc phthalocyanine.
Flow battery electroanalysis 3: online kinetics measurements using ultramicroelectrodes in channel flow
Authors: Segel Becca , Parr Zachary , Sawant Tejal V. , Yim Carissa S. , Miller Dean M. , Henry Thomas J. , McKone James R.
Published: June 2022

Integrating an analytical cell, based on a channel-flow microelectrode architecture, into the flow loop of a redox flow battery enables continuous measurements of kinetic and thermodynamic properties in real time.
Mechanistic interactions in polymer electrolyte fuel cell catalyst layer degradation
Authors: Goswami Navneet , Grunewald Jonathan B. , Fuller Thomas F. , Mukherjee Partha P.
Published: June 2022

Mechanistic understanding of the coupled performance-durability interactions resulting from the transient landscape of catalyst degradation is elucidated.
Defects and disorder in apatite-type silicate oxide ion conductors: implications for conductivity
Authors: Fuller Chloe A. , Gutmann Matthias J. , Ling Chris D. , Wang Chun-Hai , Zhang Weiguo , Halasyamani P. Shiv , Evans Ivana Radosavljevic , Evans John S. O.
Published: June 2022

Extensive diffuse scatter observed by single crystal neutron diffraction was modelled to gain insight into structural distortions in apatite-type lanthanum silicate.
Increasing the antioxidant capacity of ceria nanoparticles with catechol-grafted poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Hu Yue , Zhang Qingbo , Garcia-Rojas Daniel , Ling Vivian , Masterson Caitlin M. , Bi Yidan , Xiao Zhen , Guo Xiaoting , Villanova Jake , Dunn Joshua , Colvin Vicki L.
Published: June 2022

Reactive surface coatings reduce cerium in nanoscale ceria leading to more potent antioxidant behavior.
Performance of digital predistorter in system with analogue to digital converter
Authors: Elaskary Ramez Moh. , Mehana Ahmed Hesham , Fahmy Yasmine , El‐Ghoneimy Mona
Published: June 2022

The baseband digital pre‐distortion (DPD) signal processing technique is the most cost‐effective linearisation method among other techniques to address the nonlinearity effect of the power amplifier. For communication systems containing DPD and power amplifier, it is difficult to acquire performance metrics closed‐forms for any DPD architecture since there was no mathematical expression for each DPD coefficient. Usually, researchers look for more efficient DPD algorithms for DPD coefficients (compared to the existing ones) in terms of computational complexity, delay, power consumption etc. Consequently, performance is evaluated through intensive simulation. In this paper, it is shown how one can exploit the results of the recent work to mathematically model the indirect learning architecture DPD and efficiently derive important measures in communication systems. Expressions of the normalised mean square error (NMSE) and achievable rate for the OFDM communication system are derived. The DPD is modelled mathematically by exploiting the DPD coefficients closed‐form expressions. The derived expressions of the NMSE and achievable rate are verified through numerical simulations. Furthermore, closed‐form expressions for the NMSE and achievable rate bounds for the OFDM communication system are derived. The performance measures bounds are found assuming a perfect linearisation scenario. The analytical expressions are validated through numerical simulations.
Deep learning in the grading of diabetic retinopathy: A review
Authors: Tajudin Nurul Mirza Afiqah , Kipli Kuryati , Mahmood Muhammad Hamdi , Lim Lik Thai , Awang Mat Dayang Azra , Sapawi Rohana , Sahari Siti Kudnie , Lias Kasumawati , Jali Suriati Khartini , Hoque Mohammed Enamul
Published: June 2022

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) grading into different stages of severity continues to remain a challenging issue due to the complexities of the disease. Diabetic Retinopathy grading classifies retinal images to five levels of severity ranging from 0 to 5, which represents No DR, Mild non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), Moderate NPDR, Severe NPDR, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. With the advancement of Deep Learning, studies on the application of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in DR grading have been on the rise. High accuracy and sensitivity are the desired outcome of these studies. This paper reviewed recently published studies that employed CNN for DR grading to 5 levels of severity. Various approaches are applied in classifying retinal images which are, (i) by training CNN models to learn the features for each grade and (ii) by detecting and segmenting lesions using information about their location such as microaneurysms, exudates, and haemorrhages. Public and private datasets have been utilised by researchers in classifying retinal images for DR. The performance of the CNN models was measured by accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve. The CNN models and their performance varies for every study. More research into the CNN model is necessary for future work to improve model performance in DR grading. The Inception model can be used as a starting point for subsequent research. It will also be necessary to investigate the attributes that the model uses for grading.
A systematic review on current research and developments on coreless axial‐flux permanent‐magnet machines
Authors: Habib Asiful , Mohd Zainuri Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi , Che Hang Seng , Ibrahim Ahmad Asrul , Rahim Nasrudin Abd , Alaas Zuhair Muhammed , Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa Ramadan
Published: June 2022

In recent years, coreless axial‐flux permanent‐magnet (AFPM) machines have been gaining attention. Being coreless, these machines do not experience eddy current (hence hysteresis losses) and has lower cogging torque leading to higher efficiency. However, limitations such as high leakage flux and weak mechanical structure impede its wide application. The results of a systematic review on coreless AFPM machine research is presented, wherein a total of 123 studies have been selected through the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. About 55% of the articles have been published between 2017 and 2021, indicating recent attention of the researchers on coreless AFPM machines. More than 70% (87 out of 123) of the records have been published by IEEE, which proves the quality and acceptance of the studies. In two‐thirds (77 out of 123) of the studies, single‐stator double‐rotor has been adopted as the machine topology, and in 71.8% (84 out of 123) cases, trapezoidal shape magnets have been used in conventional array. The key research areas on coreless AFPM identified through this review are to produce an efficient design for multiphase and multi‐stage topology and develop lightweight rotor and stator structures.
A regularised deep matrix factorised model of matrix completion for image restoration
Authors: Li Zhemin , Xu Zhi‐Qin John , Luo Tao , Wang Hongxia
Published: June 2022

It has been an important approach of using matrix completion to perform image restoration. Most previous works on matrix completion focus on the low‐rank property by imposing explicit constraints on the recovered matrix, such as the constraint of the nuclear norm or limiting the dimension of the matrix factorisation component. Recently, theoretical works suggest that deep linear neural network has an implicit bias towards low rank on matrix completion. In this work, a regularised deep matrix factorised (RDMF) model for image restoration is proposed, which utilises the implicit bias of the low rank of deep neural networks and the explicit bias of total variation. RDMF is a powerful and flexible framework for inverse problems in image processing while the combination of implicit and explicit regularisation represents the intrinsic characteristics of a natural image. The effectiveness of the RDMF model with extensive experiments are demonstrated, in which the method surpasses the recently proposed models in common examples, especially for the restoration from very few observations. This work sheds light on a more general framework for solving other inverse problems by combining the implicit bias of deep learning with explicit regularisation.
Design of compact multiple‐input and multiple‐output antenna based on slow‐wave corrugated strips
Authors: Lu Jiayuan , Zhang Hao Chi , Shao Chenzi , Wei Cunyue , Cui Tie Jun
Published: June 2022

A method of designing two‐element compact multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) antennas with good isolation based on slow‐wave corrugated strips (CSs) is presented in this paper. Using the slow‐wave characteristic, a pair of CSs is applied as arms of each dipole antenna element to realise the compact design. A metal plane is placed between the two dielectric boards serving as the reflector so that the antenna can achieve good forward radiation. There are two coupling paths between the closely placed antennas: the coupling between the adjacent antenna arms and the coupling with the reflector. By adjusting the phase constants of the two coupling paths, good isolation is achieved in the operating frequency band without any additional de‐coupling structures. A sample of a two‐element MIMO antenna is fabricated at the centre frequency of 5.1 GHz with a bandwidth of 330 MHz. Measured results show good performance to support the design method. As each arm is about 1/8λ0 (λ0 is wavelength in free space), the edge‐to‐edge distance is 0.04λ0, and the isolation in the operating frequency is 15 dB.
Orofacial sarcoidosis: report of three cases
Authors: Koutrakis Nicholas E. , Sahu Alisha , Vasilyeva Daria , Peters Scott M.
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a systemic non-caseating granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology that may affect multiple organ systems. Head and neck involvement can present in unusual and often nonspecific ways. Observations: We report three cases of sarcoidosis with orofacial manifestations: one African American patient with an existing diagnosis who presented with perioral cutaneous involvement by sarcoidosis, and two Caucasian patients with cases where the initial oral presentation – diffusely affected gingiva in one and intraosseous jaw involvement with resultant dental implant failure in the other – led to workup and establishment of the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The patients were referred to rheumatology and dermatology for appropriate treatment. Conclusion: Although oral lesions of sarcoidosis are not common, they may be the first clinical manifestation of sarcoidosis. The practitioner should be aware of the possible manifestations and be able to formulate an informed clinical differential diagnosis.
Pattern and presentation of panfacial fractures at a tertiary reference center based in Central Kerala, South India
Authors: T Anish Poorna , S Mohan , N Jayakumar , EK Joshna , R Ramya Arangaraju , L Sathikala
Published: June 2022

Aim: We aimed to describe the pattern and clinical presentation of panfacial fractures and to analyze if the panfacial fractures differ from other maxillofacial injuries concerning the time of intervention and duration of hospital stay, thereby evaluating if panfacial fractures place a burden on our hospital which is a tertiary reference center in South India. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study conducted for a duration of two years from January 2018 to January 2020 among 28 patients who reported with panfacial fractures. Descriptive data were entered and chi-square test was done to find out the association between categorical variables. Results: Patients who reported with panfacial fractures were young adults (n = 17, 60.7%), males (92.8%) predominantly. Among those with a history of Road Traffic Accidents (n = 23, 82%), 91% (n = 21) did not use any protective devices. Conclusions: Males, young adults, use of two-wheelers, consumption of alcohol before driving, and avoidance of protective devices were most commonly associated with panfacial fractures (p < 0.05). Based on the study, panfacial fractures place a burden on the hospital in terms of the need for special care and prolonged stay period and operating time compared to other maxillofacial injuries (p < 0.05).
Medizinischer Nutzen von Cannabis und Cannabinoiden
Authors: Grotenhermen Franjo
Published: June 2022

Cannabisblüten sind seit etwa 5 Jahren in Deutschland verschreibungsfähig. Cannabisbasierte Medikamente besitzen ein breites therapeutisches Potenzial und gelten auch bei einer langzeitigen Therapie als gut verträglich. Die Indikationen reichen von Schmerzerkrankungen über neurologische, chronisch-entzündliche sowie psychiatrische Erkrankungen bis hin zur proaktiven Unterstützung bei Chemotherapie. Der Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die aktuelle Gesetzeslage, Verschreibungsmöglichkeiten und das therapeutische Potenzial cannabisbasierter Medikamente.
Evidenzbasierte Aromatherapie bei Schmerzen
Authors: Zimmermann Eliane
Published: June 2022

Monoterpene können die Nozizeption, also die Wahrnehmung von Schmerzen im Körper, deutlich herabsetzen und haben so eine beruhigende Wirkung auf das Schmerzgeschehen. Dies macht man sich bei der Aromatherapie zunutze. Dieser sog. Counterirritant-Effekt, ausgelöst durch Monoterpene, wurde bereits in zahlreichen Studien nachgewiesen. Der Beitrag zeigt die breite Studienlage auf und geht auf verschiedene Studien in unterschiedlichen Schmerzarealen und Körperregionen ein.
Effekte eines neuen Anämie-Management-Programms auf die Dialyse
Authors: Haag Stefanie
Published: June 2022

Die Anämie ist ein bekanntes Problem bei Dialysepatienten und wird in der Regel durch die betreuenden Nephrologen behandelt. In einer retrospektiven Beobachtungsstudie wurde das „traditionelle“ Anämiemanagement durch ein Anämie-Management-Programm (ANM: Anemia Nurse Manager Program) ersetzt, für das Pflegekräfte von einem erfahrenen Nephrologen im Umgang mit der Anämietherapie geschult worden waren. Die Ziele dieser Studie umfassten, den Hb-Zielbereich (Hb: Hämoglobin; 10–12 g/dl) einzuhalten, extreme Hb-Werte (< 9 g/dl und > 13 g/dl) zu vermeiden und einen Kostenvergleich anzustellen.
Der fnb-Vorstand freut sich über Zuwachs
Authors: Wiegard-Szramek Ina
Published: June 2022

In diesem Beitrag möchten wir unsere neue Vorstandskollegin Dorit Frimel gerne in Form eines Interwies vorstellen.
Genetische Studien an der Maus zeigen ein großes Regenerationspotenzial der Nieren am Beispiel der polyzystischen Nierenerkrankung
Authors: Liebau Max Christoph
Published: June 2022

Die autosomal-dominante polyzystische Nierenerkrankung (ADPKD: „autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease“) ist die häufigste genetische Ursache einer dialysepflichtigen chronischen Nierenerkrankung. Die ADPKD wird in den meisten Fällen durch Varianten in den Genen PKD1 und PKD2 verursacht. Die zelluläre Bedeutung der Proteine Polycystin-1 (kodiert durch PKD1) und Polycystin-2 (kodiert durch PKD2) bleibt trotz großen Wissenszuwachses in den vergangenen 2 Jahrzehnten unvollständig verstanden.
Co-Adjuvancy of Solasodine & CoQ10 Against High Fat
Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance Rats Via Modulating IRS-I and PPAR-γ
Proteins Expression
Authors: Khan Irfan , Kumar Rajesh , Prasad Mahesh , Srivastav Ritesh Kumar , Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar , Akhtar Juber ,   Badruddeen
Published: June 2022

Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which target cells become insensitive
to normal insulin concentrations in order to deliver glucose. The goal of this
study was to see if solasodine combined with coenzyme Q10 could help rats with
insulin resistance caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) by regulating the expression
of IRS-I and PPAR-γ proteins.One of the six groups (n=6) got a
conventional diet for 16 weeks as a control (normal), the HFD was given to the
other five groups for 16 weeks, which further classified as-one group as HFD
control while others treated with pioglitazone (10 mg/kg),
coenzyme Q10 (50 mg/kg), solasodine (50 mg/kg)
and combination of solasodine and coenzyme Q10i.e. SDQ10 (total
50 mg/kg) for the last 4 weeks orally once daily. Blood and
tissue samples were collected by the end of study period for the biochemical and
histological studies. As a result, HFD fed rats exhibited a significant increase
in food and energy intake, body mass index, kidney and pancreas weight, fasting
glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, insulin level, liver enzyme ALT and AST and
decrease antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. HFD received
animals also produced a lower level of p-IRS1 and PPAR-y protein expression in
western blot analysis. SDQ10 in combination successfully restored the
above-mentioned complexity of insulin resistance caused by aHFD. Besides,
increasesthe antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and
normalized the architecture of kidney, pancreas and adipose tissue as well
astreatment with SDQ10 raised the level of p-IRS1 and PPAR-y protein in liver
tissue. As a result, supplementing with solasodine and coenzyme Q10 reversed the
effect of the HFD on p-IRS1 and PPAR-y protein in liver tissue while also
alleviating insulin resistance symptoms.
Risiko für Halsvenenthrombosen in der astronautischen Raumfahrt
Authors: Jordan Jens
Published: June 2022

Die National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) hat ein arbeitsmedizinisches Überwachungsprogramm ins Leben gerufen, um Astronautinnen und Astronauten systematisch auf Halsvenenthrombosen zu screenen. Ziel ist es, Risikofaktoren, Prävalenz und klinischen Verlauf von Halsvenenthrombosen im Weltraum möglichst genau zu charakterisieren. Die Arbeit von Pavela et al. stellt erste Ergebnisse dar.
SARS-CoV-2 – Der besondere Fall – ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Wagner Reinhart
Published: June 2022

SARS-CoV-2 geht mit vielen, teils sehr unterschiedlichen Symptomen einher. Immer wieder entdecken Ärzte und Therapeuten neue Zusammenhänge, die zunächst nicht mit dem Virus in Verbindung gebracht werden. Auch in diesem Fallbereicht sorgten die Symptome längere Zeit für Verwirrung, bis schlussendlich ein Antikörpertest Aufschluss gibt.
Training unter künstlicher Schwerkraft zum Erhalt der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit im All
Authors: Frett Timo , Arz Michael , Petrat Guido , Pustowalow Willi , Pesta Dominik
Published: June 2022

Langzeitaufenthalte im All führen zu einer signifikanten Verringerung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems sowie zum Verlust von Muskelmasse und Knochendichte. Tägliches intensives Training in Schwerelosigkeit kann diese Prozesse abschwächen aber nicht vollständig verhindern. Zukünftige Langzeitmissionen sowie Reisen zum Mond oder Mars brauchen daher effektivere Gegenmaßnahmen, um die Leistungsfähigkeit der Besatzung aufrechtzuerhalten. Das DLR forscht dazu mithilfe einer Humanzentrifuge an neuartigen Trainingsmöglichkeiten unter künstlicher Schwerkraft. Aktuelle Studien zeigen eine gute Tolerierbarkeit von verschiedenen Ausdauer- und Krafttrainingsübungen auf der Humanzentrifuge, welche als potenzielle neue Trainingsmethoden im All auch als Gegenmaßnahmen in Bettruhestudien weiterentwickelt und getestet werden.
Prävention von Rücken- und Nackenbeschwerden: Erfahrungen aus 15 Jahren Test und Training bei der Schweizer Luftwaffe
Authors: Rochelt Janine , Saba Nadja , Rochelt Sven , Bron Denis
Published: June 2022

Die medizinischen Anforderungen an Militärpiloten sind so komplex wie in nur wenigen anderen Berufen. Um sicherzustellen, dass die Piloten weiterhin für ihren physisch und mental äußerst anspruchsvollen Job geeignet sind, werden u. a. jährliche Krafttests durchgeführt. Den Kern der Tests bildet der globale Rumpfkrafttest von Swiss Olympic. Ergänzt wird dieser durch einen eigens entwickelten Nackentest. Bei Bedarf kommen ein Functional Movement Screen (FMS) oder ein Oberflächen-Elektromyogramm (EMG) zum Einsatz. Diese einfach durchführbaren Testverfahren werden als Standortbestimmung der ganzheitlichen Befindlichkeit eingesetzt. Sie dienen als Einschätzung der aktuellen Leistungsfähigkeit sowie als Grundlage zur individuellen Trainingsberatung und Gesundheitsprävention.
Ist die Coronapandemie bedingt durch den Verlust der Biodiversität und des ökologischen Gleichgewichts? Auf der Suche nach Antworten
Authors: Irnich Dominik
Published: June 2022

Weltweit ist eine Zunahme infektiöser Erkrankungen (Emergence Infectious Diseases, EID) zu beobachten. Zuletzt hat die Covid-19-Pandemie für massive Einschnitte des gesellschaftlichen Lebens auf allen Kontinenten gesorgt. Es gibt über 500 Millionen registrierte Infektionen und mehr als 6 Millionen Todesfälle zu beklagen. Die Pandemie hat darüber hinaus die politischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Systeme relevant beeinflusst. Die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse deuten stark darauf hin, dass der Verlust der Biodiversität und das zunehmende Ungleichgewicht der Ökosysteme die EID begünstigen und beschleunigen. Die beispiellose Degradierung der natürlichen Systeme unseres Planeten durch das menschliche Handeln ist nach aktueller Erkenntnis nicht nur mit dem Klimawandel eng verknüpft, sondern in großem Umfang mit EID. Wissenschaftler in staatlichen und nicht-staatlichen interdisziplinären Organisationen und Verbünden fordern deshalb eine radikale und bedingungslose Umstellung menschlichen Handelns mit dem obersten Ziel, die Biodiversität und die natürlichen ökologischen Systeme zu schützen

Dieser Beitrag referiert 4 Schlüssel-Publikationen und einen journalistischen Beitrag zu unterschiedlichen Gesichtspunkten des Zusammenhangs zwischen Covid-19-Pandemie, Biodiversität und Ökosystemen.
Hausärztliche Handlungsempfehlung: Post-Covid/Long-Covid
Authors: Wagner Hans-Otto
Published: June 2022

Die Coronavirus-Krankheit 2019 (Covid-19) wird oft als Multiorgan-Krankheit mit einem breiten Spektrum von Manifestationen angesehen. Ähnlich wie bei anderen Infektionskrankheiten kann Covid-19 für einen Teil der Erkrankten längerfristige Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität haben. Dieser Beitrag stellt die relevanten hausärztlichen Handlungsempfehlungen aus der S1-Leitlinie vor (AWMF-Register Nr. 020/027 Version 1–07/2021, [1]). Die Therapie orientiert sich an den Symptomen. Für eine spezifische Therapie gibt es bislang noch keine wissenschaftlich belastbaren Belege. Therapieziele sollten eine Symptomlinderung sowie die Vermeidung einer Chronifizierung sein.
Corza Medical Organspendelauf 2022
Authors: Marks Lara
Published: June 2022

Der AKTX-Pflege e. V. hat am Corza Medical Organspendelauf 2022 teilgenommen. Dies war eine Initiative der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie beim 139. Jahreskongress (DCK 2022).
Kurse der Nephrologischen WBS-Ulm
Authors: Bundschu Marion
Published: June 2022

Informationen zu den Veranstaltungen finden Sie auf www.wbs-ulm.de.
Einstellungen von Expertinnen und Experten für psychische
Gesundheit gegenüber Psilocybin
Authors: Schmidt Christopher , Wolff Max , Gründer Gerhard , Jungaberle Henrik
Published: June 2022

Ziel der Studie In den letzten Jahren konnten Studien, in denen die
Verwendung von Psilocybin zur Behandlung psychischer Störungen
untersucht wurde, vielversprechende Ergebnisse zeigen. Vor diesem Hintergrund
wurden Einstellungen von ausgebildeten Psychiater*innen und
Psychotherapeut*innen zu Psilocybin und Psilocybin-unterstützten
Therapien untersucht.

Methodik Eine Online-Befragung ergab 530 gültige Teilnahmen von
Personen mit geeignetem Berufsprofil. In der statistischen Auswertung konnten
relevante Prädiktoren für Einstellungsmaße ermittelt
werden.

Ergebnisse Die Meinungen von Expert*innen auf dem Gebiet der
Behandlung psychischer Störungen bezüglich Psilocybin und
Psilocybin-unterstützten Therapien sind geteilt und der Kenntnisstand
der Befragten teilweise noch gering. Ein großer Teil der Befragten
hält die Behandlung psychischer Störungen mit Psilocybin
für vielversprechend. Eine Behandlung von Depressionen mit Psilocybin
wird von der Mehrheit der Teilnehmenden als vielversprechend
eingeschätzt. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass ein höherer
Kenntnisstand über Psilocybin mit optimistischeren Sichtweisen
bezüglich einer Verwendung von Psilocybin in einem therapeutischen
Rahmen zusammenhängt. Zusätzlich präsentierte
wissenschaftliche Informationen über den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur
Thematik führen teilweise zu optimistischeren Einstellungen über
Psilocybin und einer Verwendung von Psilocybin in der Behandlung psychischer
Störungen.

Schlussfolgerung Sollte der Psilocybin betreffende wissenschaftliche und
öffentliche Diskurs in Zukunft weiter wachsen, sind auch
Einstellungsänderungen der Psychotherapeut*innen und
Psychiater*innen zu erwarten.
Glukosemessung in der Diabetesdiagnostik und -therapie
Authors: Pleus Stefan , Heinemann Lutz , Freckmann Guido , Nauck Matthias , Tytko Andrea , Kaiser Patricia , Petersmann Astrid
Published: June 2022

Die Glukose-„Messlandschaft“ in Deutschland deckt viele verschiedene Einsatzzwecke und -gebiete ab. Sie reicht von hochstandardisiert messenden Laboranalysesystemen mit einem großen Gesamtportfolio von Messgrößen bis hin zu einfachen Systemen für den Patientengebrauch. Aus klinischer Sicht muss die Qualität von Glukosemessungen ausreichend hoch sein, um die vorgesehenen Zwecke, also Diagnosestellung und Verlaufskontrolle, zu erfüllen. In der Heilkunde – also bei Messungen im Rahmen der Gesundheitsversorgung durch medizinisches Personal – definiert die Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung laboratoriumsmedizinischer Untersuchungen Vorgaben an die Qualitätssicherung. Es werden sowohl interne als auch externe (herstellerunabhängige) Qualitätskontrollen gefordert und mit spezifischen Vorgaben versehen. Diese Regelungen gelten demnach auch für alle Glukosemessungen in der Heilkunde, d. h. im Zentrallabor ebenso wie in der patientennahen Sofortdiagnostik. Bei dem Haupteinsatzgebiet von Glukosemessungen, der Verlaufskontrolle durch Patienten mit Diabetes im Rahmen der Blutglukoseselbstmessung, fehlen i. d. R. Kontrollen der Messqualität. Für das kontinuierliche Glukosemonitoring im interstitiellen Gewebe sind Qualitätskontrollen nach dem aktuellen technischen Stand sogar überhaupt nicht möglich. Hinzu kommt, dass eine regelmäßige herstellerunabhängige Kontrolle der Messqualität nicht vorgeschrieben ist. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über die unterschiedlichen Glukosemesssysteme sowie praktische Aspekte und Probleme bei der Glukosemessung zu geben.
Synthetic Strategies Towards the Meroterpenoids Cochlearols A and B from Ganoderma cochlear
Authors: Chamness Stephen A. , Traficante Emily F. , Vogel Trenton R. , Schindler Corinna S.
Published: June 2022

Since the first reports of their isolation, the meroterpenoids cochlearol A and B have attracted interest from the synthetic community for their unique structural features. This review describes the attempted and successful total syntheses of these natural products and provides a summary of the strategies developed in the years since their isolation.

1 Introduction

2 Overview of Cochlearol A Syntheses

3 Tong’s Approach Towards Cochlearol A

4 Liu and Qin’s Total Synthesis of (±)-Cochlearol A

5 Ishigami’s Formal Synthesis of (±)-Cochlearol A

6 Chandrasekhar’s Formal Synthesis of (±)-Cochlearol A

7 Sugita’s Synthesis of (±)-Cochlearol B

8 Schindler’s Synthesis of (+)-Cochlearol B

9 Conclusions