bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Politeuma as a Hybrid Patriotic Identity in Christ: A Socio-Rhetorical Interpretation of Philippians 3:20
Authors: Ho Sin Pan
Published: April 2019

This article argues that Paul, in Philippians 3:17–21, borrows the present honorable civic identity of the first readers, namely, patriotic merchant, to persuade them to be transformed into Christ-citizens running with the King of Kings forever in the future. Drawing on insights from the concept of possible social identities, a new socio-rhetorical interpretation of Philippians 3:17–21 is proposed. Instead of eliminating or marginalizing it, I argue that Paul makes use of the civic identity “patriotic merchant” of the first readers to construct a new hybrid social identity. Not only is there no anti-imperial connotation, but first readers may also hear Paul's encouragement to retain their civic identity re-oriented in their new future hybrid social identity.
Virtual Reality Exercise Games for High School Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: McMahon Don D. , Barrio Brenda , McMahon Amanda K. , Tutt Kristen , Firestone Jonah
Published: April 2019

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at greater risk of health-related issues due to obesity and lack of physical activity. This study examined using virtual reality (VR) exergaming to increase the physical activity of high school students with IDD. Four students participated in this multiple probe across participants design. Data were collected on each student’s total amount of time engaged in exercise and heart rate. Results indicate that all students increased the duration and intensity of their physical activity when using the VR exercise gaming (exergaming) intervention. The VR exergaming intervention increased the duration and intensity of the students’ exercise sessions. Results are discussed in terms of applying VR and other emerging technologies to support the exercise health needs of the individual in the study.
Politics of Meaning in Categorizing Innovation: How Chefs Advanced Molecular Gastronomy by Resisting the Label
Authors: Slavich Barbara , Svejenova Silviya , Opazo M. Pilar , Patriotta Gerardo
Published: April 2019

This study examines innovators’ efforts to conceptualize and communicate their novel work through categorization. Specifically, we view category formation as a controversial process of meaning making, which we theorize through the concept of “politics of meaning” and operationalize through a social semiotics approach. By analyzing the labeling controversies underlying a new culinary style publicized as “molecular gastronomy”, we find that innovators’ efforts at categorization unfold along four consecutive stages: experimenting with a new style, communicating the new style, contesting the dominant label, and legitimating the category meaning. Our study suggests that a new category’s dominant label can substantially deviate from the innovators’ intended denotations, yet nonetheless bring that category forward by triggering public negotiations around its meaning, which lead to categorical deepening and legitimation. By putting forward a “politics of meaning” view on categorizing innovation, this work advances our understanding of the connection between labeling and category formation in the context of innovation.
‘I am more than my IQ:’ Analysis of the experience of a gifted learner
Authors: Brandišauskienė Agnė
Published: April 2019

The current article reports on the analysis of the phenomenon of the experience of a gifted learner revealing her significant school experiences. Interpretative phenomenological analysis, that is, the phenomenological strategy of Colaizzi, has been selected for a consistent analysis, which reveals the factors of a person’s internal dynamics. The educational experience of a gifted girl is revealed through five themes: four of them are related to complex negative feelings. A gifted pupil experiences loneliness and otherness in school. She lacks challenges during the learning process, and meaningful interpersonal relationships do not develop. Only one (the fifth) theme is connected to her positive feelings and self-discovery among other people. Ann acknowledges discovering the feeling of belonging and the feeling of authenticity on the personal (value-based) level when participating in cultural events with her peers. The research results are valuable because they provide insights into the feelings and experiences of an exceptionally gifted school learner. They can be beneficial to both researchers exploring education of gifted learners and to teachers working with them.
Capturing protest in urban environments: The ‘police kettle’ as a territorial strategy
Authors: Neal Andrew , Opitz Sven , Zebrowski Chris
Published: April 2019

‘Kettling’ has emerged in recent decades as an established, if controversial, tactic of public order policing. Departing from a historical emphasis on dispersal, kettling instead acts to contain protesters within a police cordon for sustained periods of time. This article elaborates upon the spatial and temporal logics of kettling by investigating the conditions of its historical emergence. We argue that kettling should be understood as a territorial strategy that co-evolved in relation to forms of disruptive protest. Whereas techniques of crowd dispersal serve to diffuse a unified collective, ‘kettling’ aims to capture the volatile intensities of public dissent and exhaust its political energies. Drawing on police manuals, media coverage, accounts from activists and expert interviews, we show how the ‘kettle’ re-territorializes protest by acting on its spatio-temporal and affective constitution. By fabricating an inner outside of the urban milieu, freezing the time of collective mobilization and inducing debilitating affects such as fear and boredom, kettling intervenes into the scene of political subjectification that each congregation of protesting bodies seeks to fashion.
Resource provision and access to indigenous knowledge in public libraries in South Africa
Authors: Mhlongo Maned , Ngulube Patrick
Published: April 2019

This paper is part of a larger qualitative multiple case study that sought to explore the integration of indigenous knowledge in public libraries in South Africa. The paper draws from semi-structured interviews with selected heads of provincial library services in South Africa to determine the extent to which public libraries provide targeted resources to enhance access to IK. Results reveal that that there are no targeted resources to facilitate access to IK. Concerted efforts to facilitate access by increasing the number of libraries were noted. Notwithstanding these efforts, there seems to be a paucity of IK, which has implication for inclusive services. It is recommended that libraries look beyond enabling access to the Internet but also explore how they can further optimise ICT usage as a way of facilitating access to IK through capturing, organising and disseminating knowledge of indigenous communities.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the role of a heparin-bonded circuit
Authors: Pabst Dirk , Boone Jacqueline B , Soleimani Behzad , Brehm Christoph E
Published: April 2019

Background:

In patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and who develop heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, there is no clear evidence to support changing to a non-heparin-coated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit. Our goal was to evaluate clinical outcomes of patients who were continued on heparin-bonded circuits despite diagnosed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Methods:

We completed a single-center retrospective study of all patients who underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support from July 2008 to July 2017 and were tested heparin-induced thrombocytopenia positive while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. After diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, mean platelet count (k/µL) was measured on consecutive days for 14 days.

Results:

Out of 455 patients, 14 (3.1%) had a diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia by serotonin release assay and systemic heparin treatment was discontinued in every case. In total, 11 of the heparin-induced thrombocytopenia patients (78.6%) survived to discharge. The overall survival of all 455 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients was 54.1%. Platelets counts after discontinuation of systemic heparin in the heparin-induced thrombocytopenia patients increased from a mean of 59.8 k/µL at time of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia diagnosis to a mean of 280.2 k/µL at 14 days after discontinuation of heparin despite continuation of the heparin-bonded circuit. Platelet count increased in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support after discontinuation of systemic heparin even if maintained on the heparin-bonded circuit.

Conclusion:

Discontinuation of systemic heparin but continuation of heparin-coated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits appeared to be an appropriate response for our extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–supported patients who developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Survival in this group was not significantly different to those patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation without heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Larger studies should evaluate the safety of heparin-bonded extracorporeal membrane oxygenation systems in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia patients.
Review and critique of the information systems development project failure literature: An argument for exploring information systems development project distress
Authors: Baghizadeh Zeinab , Cecez-Kecmanovic Dubravka , Schlagwein Daniel
Published: April 2019

High failure rates of information systems development (ISD) projects continue to trouble organizations and information systems practices. Such a state of affairs has been of great concern for the information systems discipline for decades, motivating information systems researchers to focus on and extensively study ISD project failure. However, the increasing complexity and uncertainty of ISD projects and contemporary system development processes are challenging ISD project failure scholarship. In this article, we ask the questions: What are the contributions and weaknesses of the extant ISD project failure/success literature? What are potential avenues to move the ISD literature forward? To answer these questions, first, we present a literature review that assesses research contributions within the major perspectives on ISD failure (i.e. rationalist, process and narrative). While the extant research within all perspectives make significant contributions to knowledge, we find that researchers remain preoccupied with ‘project failure’ as an end state of an ISD project. They pay little attention to problematic situations arising during ISD projects before they become failed projects. Based on the review and critique of the literature, we then argue that there is a significant benefit in extending research focus from ISD project failure to ‘ISD project distress’, which we define as a harmful project condition involving dynamic and fluid constellation of critical problems that are difficult to identify, understand and resolve. While ISD project distress is an increasingly perilous and consequential phenomenon, little is known about its nature and potential responses. Drawing from the sensemaking literature, we propose a multilevel theoretical framework for understanding the nature and sources of ISD project distress that provides a foundation for exploring early detection and timely response. We demonstrate the theoretical and practical relevance of the concept of ISD project distress and propose a corresponding research agenda.
Effectiveness of electrical stimulation therapy in improving arm function after stroke: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Yang Jheng-Dao , Liao Chun-De , Huang Shih-Wei , Tam Ka-Wai , Liou Tsan-Hon , Lee Yu-Hao , Lin Chia-Yun , Chen Hung-Chou
Published: April 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of electrical stimulation in arm function recovery after stroke.

Methods:

Data were obtained from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases from their inception until 12 January 2019. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effects of electrical stimulation on the recovery of arm function after stroke were selected.

Results:

Forty-eight RCTs with a total of 1712 patients were included in the analysis. The body function assessment, Upper-Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment, indicated more favorable outcomes in the electrical stimulation group than in the placebo group immediately after treatment (23 RCTs ( n = 794): standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.51–0.84) and at follow-up (12 RCTs ( n = 391): SMD = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.35–0.97). The activity assessment, Action Research Arm Test, revealed superior outcomes in the electrical stimulation group than those in the placebo group immediately after treatment (10 RCTs ( n = 411): SMD = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.39–1.02) and at follow-up (8 RCTs ( n = 289): SMD = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.34–1.52). Other activity assessments, including Wolf Motor Function Test, Box and Block Test, and Motor Activity Log, also revealed superior outcomes in the electrical stimulation group than those in the placebo group. Comparisons between three types of electrical stimulation (sensory, cyclic, and electromyography-triggered electrical stimulation) groups revealed no significant differences in the body function and activity.

Conclusion:

Electrical stimulation therapy can effectively improve the arm function in stroke patients.
Dynamic Lycra® orthoses as an adjunct to arm rehabilitation after stroke: a single-blind, two-arm parallel group, randomized controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Morris Jacqui H , John Alexandra , Wedderburn Lucy , Rauchhaus Petra , Donnan Peter T
Published: April 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial of dynamic Lycra® orthoses as an adjunct to arm rehabilitation after stroke and to explore the magnitude and direction of change on arm outcomes.

Design:

This is a single-blind, two-arm parallel group, feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

In-patient rehabilitation.

Subjects:

The study participants were stroke survivors with arm hemiparesis two to four weeks after stroke receiving in-patient rehabilitation.

Interventions:

Participants were randomized 2:1 to wear Lycra® gauntlets for eight hours daily for eight weeks, plus usual rehabilitation ( n = 27), or to usual rehabilitation only ( n = 16).

Main measures:

Recruitment, retention, fidelity, adverse events and completeness of data collection were examined at 8 and 16 weeks; arm function (activity limitation; Action Research Arm Test, Motor Activity Log) and impairment (Nine-hole Peg Test, Motricity Index, Modified Tardieu Scale). Structured interviews explored acceptability.

Results:

Of the target of 51, 43 (84%) participants were recruited. Retention at 8 weeks was 32 (79%) and 24 (56%) at 16 weeks. In total, 11 (52%) intervention group participants and 6 (50%) control group participants (odds ratio = 1.3, 95% confidence interval = 0.2 to 7.8) had improved Action Research Arm Test level by 8 weeks; at 16 weeks, this was 8 (61%) intervention and 6 (75.0%) control participants (odds ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval = 0.1 to 13.1). Change on other measures favoured control participants. Acceptability was influenced by 26 adverse reactions.

Conclusion:

Recruitment and retention were low, and adverse reactions were problematic. There were no indications of clinically relevant effects, but the small sample means definitive conclusions cannot be made. A definitive trial is not warranted without orthoses adaptation.
Public Professionals’ Engagement in Coproduction: The Impact of the Work Environment on Elderly Care Managers’ Perceptions on Collaboration With Client Councils
Authors: van Eijk Carola , Steen Trui , Torenvlied René
Published: April 2019

In the context of public service delivery, public professionals nowadays intensively collaborate with citizens. The joint, sometimes mandatorily, efforts of citizens and professionals to provide public services have become known as “coproduction.” Although coproduction directly affects professionals’ work environment, professionals’ attitudes toward coproduction are hardly studied. This article explains variation in professionals’ engagement in coproduction from characteristics of their work environment, specifically their perceived level of autonomy, perceived organizational support for coproduction, and perceived red tape associated with coproduction activities. Survey research was conducted to question managers of Dutch organizations for elderly care about their interaction with client councils, an example of coproduction activities in the domain of health care. The results show that perceived autonomy in coproduction, red tape associated with coproduction, and organizational support affect professionals’ engagement. Organizational support moreover reinforces the effect of work autonomy on professionals’ perception on the importance of coproduction. These findings add to the study of coproduction and can help support public organizations to improve coproduction.
Advancing barrier island habitat mapping using landscape position information
Authors: Enwright Nicholas M , Wang Lei , Borchert Sinéad M , Day Richard H , Feher Laura C , Osland Michael J
Published: April 2019

Barrier islands are dynamic ecosystems that change gradually from coastal processes, including currents and tides, and rapidly from episodic events, such as storms. These islands provide many important ecosystem services, including storm protection and erosion control to the mainland, habitat for fish and wildlife, and tourism. Habitat maps, developed by scientists, provide a critical tool for monitoring changes to these dynamic ecosystems. Barrier island monitoring often requires custom habitat maps due to several factors, including island size and the classification of unique geomorphology-based habitats, such as beach, dune, and barrier flats. In this study, we reviewed barrier-island-specific habitat mapping efforts and highlighted common habitat class types, source data, and mapping approaches. We also developed a framework for mapping geomorphology-based barrier island habitats using a rule-based, geographic object-based image analysis approach, which included the use of field data, tide data, high-resolution orthophotography, and lidar data. This framework integrates several barrier island mapping advancements with regard to the use of landscape position information for automated dune extraction and the use of Monte Carlo analyses for the treatment of elevation uncertainty for elevation-dependent habitats. Specifically, we used the uncertainty analyses to refine automated dune delineation based on elevation relative to extreme storm water levels and to increase the accuracy of intertidal and supratidal/upland habitat delineation. We found that dune extraction results were enhanced when elevation relative to storm water levels and visual interpretation were also applied. This framework could also be applied to beach–dune systems found along a mainland.
Pedestrian Count Expansion Methods: Bridging the Gap between Land Use Groups and Empirical Clusters
Authors: Medury Aditya , Griswold Julia B. , Huang Louis , Grembek Offer
Published: April 2019

Count expansion methods are a useful tool for creating long-term pedestrian or cyclist volume estimates from short-term counts for safety analysis or planning purposes. Expansion factors can be developed based on the trends from automated counters set up for long periods of time. Evidence has shown that the activity patterns can vary between sites so that there is potential to create more accurate estimates by grouping similar long-term count trends into factor groups. There are two common approaches to developing factor groups in pedestrian and cyclist count expansion studies. The land use classification approach has the advantage of being simple to apply to short-term count locations based on attributes of the surrounding area, but it requires assumptions by the researchers about which characteristics correlate with different activity patterns. Empirical clustering approaches can potentially create more distinct clusters by effectively matching locations with similar patterns, but they do not present an easy way to apply the resulting factor groups to appropriate short-term count sites. This study connects the two approaches and takes advantage of the benefits of both by using objective measures of the surrounding land use to model membership in the empirical cluster groups.
Validation of the Paratransit Skills Assessment for Paratransit Travel and Mobility of Adults on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Feeley Cecilia
Published: April 2019

The Paratransit Skills Assessment (PaSA) was developed in 2011 to assist individuals on the autism spectrum in accessing public paratransit services. Paratransit is a demand-responsive service that often has variable schedules and routes, and may be designated for transportation-disadvantaged populations. It is a criterion-referenced assessment which was designed with three hierarchical sections for the three different paratransit service types as well as a trip planning and scheduling section. It is composed of 37 discrete tasks that are used to make a determination if an individual can use paratransit independently. This paper is on the validation process. The validation process was conducted with 98 study subjects who participated in the PaSA, of which 86 were retested, with 60 retests with non-paratransit users through in-vehicle trips, and 26 retests with current users through interviews about their revealed experiences in using paratransit services. The results indicate that PaSA is able to predict the capabilities of individuals on the autism spectrum to use paratransit services with a 96.4% accuracy and a correlation coefficient of 0.995. The study subjects were found to be non-homogeneous in abilities and skills while the outcomes were found to be highly to moderately reliable. The research findings including the high accuracy rate provide validation that the PaSA is a reliable method for predicting an individual’s ability to use paratransit services independently. However, individuals that were found to only have the six basic skills required for independent travel were recommended to have additional training prior to independent travel. These validation results can be useful for transit providers, transportation experts, and professionals working on issues with transportation-disadvantaged populations.
Is it Necessary to Relax the IID Assumptions in the Logsum-Based Accessibility Analysis?
Authors: Yan Yongnan , Xu Xiangdong , Chen Anthony
Published: April 2019

Accessibility is an important link between transportation and land use. As a typical measure of accessibility, logsum or a utility-based measure has been widely used in project appraisal, urban transit accessibility evaluation, destination choice, and network vulnerability analysis. Since the logsum term is the log of the denominator of the choice probability expression, it inherits the independently and identically distributed (IID) assumptions of the classical multinomial logit (MNL) route choice model. This paper aims to explore whether the IID assumptions have a significant effect on the logsum-based accessibility analysis, given that accessibility analysis focuses at the origin-destination (O-D) level and zonal level (aggregate analysis) rather than at the route level (disaggregate analysis). We derive two new logsum terms for two representative extended logit stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) models, that is, the C-logit model for relaxing the independence assumption and the MNL model with scaling effect (MNLs) for relaxing the identically distributed assumption. The case analysis of a real network in Winnipeg, Canada shows that: (1) there does exist a difference in accessibility evaluation among the three logsum terms using the three route choice models; (2) relaxing the identically distributed assumption is more important than the independence assumption since the difference in accessibility evaluation between MNLs-logsum and MNL-logsum is larger than that between C-logit-logsum and MNL-logsum; (3) the difference in accessibility evaluation at the zonal level is smaller than that at the O-D level; and (4) the difference increases with the dispersion parameter.
Large-Scale Bicycle Flow Experiment: Setup and Implementation
Authors: Gavriilidou Alexandra , Wierbos Maria J. , Daamen Winnie , Yuan Yufei , Knoop Victor L. , Hoogendoorn Serge P.
Published: April 2019

Cycling research at the operational behavioral level is limited, mainly because of the lack of empirical data. To overcome this data shortage, we performed a controlled, large-scale cycling experiment in the Netherlands. In this paper we describe the methodology for setting up and implementing such an experiment, from the motivation of its design using a conceptual model describing cyclist behavior to adjustments that were required during the experiment. The main contribution of this paper is, therefore, to be used as a guide in future experimental data collections. Moreover, we present the characteristics of the participants and their bicycles, and provide a qualitative description of phenomena observed during the experiment. Finally, we elaborate on the potential that the collected dataset holds for future research into understanding and modeling operational cycling behavior.
Capacity, Capacity Drop, and Relation of Capacity to the Path Width in Bicycle Traffic
Authors: Wierbos Maria J. , Knoop Victor L. , Hänseler Flurin S. , Hoogendoorn Serge P.
Published: April 2019

Bicycle usage is encouraged in many cities because of its health and environmental benefits. As a result, bicycle traffic increases which leads to questions on the requirements of bicycle infrastructure. Design guidelines are available but the scientific substantiation is limited. This research contributes to understanding bicycle traffic flow by studying the aggregated movements of cyclists before and after the onset of congestion within the setting of a controlled bottleneck flow experiment. The paper quantitatively describes the relation between capacity and path width, provides a qualitative explanation of this relation by analyzing the cyclist configuration for different path widths, and studies the existence of a capacity drop in bicycle flow. Using slanted cumulative curves and regression analysis, the capacity of a bicycle path is found to increase linearly with increasing path width. A steady drop in flow rate is observed after the onset of congestion, indicating that the capacity drop phenomenon is observed in bicycle traffic. The results presented in this paper can help city planners to create bicycle infrastructure that can handle high cyclist demand.
Driver Behavior in Response to Flashing Lights
Authors: Kersavage Kristin , Skinner Nicholas P. , Bullough John D. , Garvey Philip M. , Donnell Eric T. , Rea Mark S.
Published: April 2019

Flashing yellow warning lights notify drivers about the presence of work along the road. Current standards for these lights address performance of the individual light but not how lights should function when multiple lights are used. In the present study, warning lights were used to delineate a lane change taper in a simulated work zone. Lights flashed with varying intensities and either randomly or in sequence, with lights flashing in turn along the length of the lane change taper, either to the right or to the left. In half of the trials, a flashing police light bar was used on a vehicle located within the simulated work zone. Participants were asked to drive a vehicle approaching the work zone and to identify, as quickly as possible, in which direction the taper’s lane change was (either to the right or left). Drivers were able to correctly identify the taper from farther away when the lights flashed in a sequential pattern than when the flash pattern was random; and the presence of a police light bar resulted in shorter identification distances. The results, along with previous research, can inform standards for the use of flashing lights and police lights in work zones for the safety of drivers and workers.
What Kind of People Use Carsharing for Commuting? Case Study in Shanghai
Authors: Ye Jianhong , Wang Daoge , Zhang Hua , Yang Hong
Published: April 2019

Carsharing as a service has been growing rapidly worldwide. Its expansion has drawn wide attention in the research community with regard to the underlying driving factors and user characteristics. Despite these extensive investigations, there are still limited studies focusing on the examination of users using carsharing as a commuting mode. The answers to questions such as what kind of people would like to use carsharing for commuting and why they frequently use carsharing to commute are not clear. To enrich our understanding of these problems, this paper aims to investigate carsharing commuters in a mega city. Specifically, it intends to integrate the actual user order data with survey data from 1,920 participants to uncover the characteristics of carsharing commuters. Data from the Evcard carsharing systems in Shanghai were explicitly analyzed. Through descriptive analysis and logistic regression models, the characteristics and critical factors that affect the choice of carsharing as a commuting mode were captured. The results show that: 1. carsharing commuters mostly live or work in suburban areas in which public transport accessibility is limited; 2. carsharing commuters are more likely to be highly educated, in a higher income bracket, and older than other carsharing members; 3. high-frequency carsharing commuters own a reduced number of private cars; and 4. those high-frequency carsharing commuters with higher income are less sensitive to the carsharing costs caused by congestion. The findings in the study offer some insights into carsharing commuters and provide some supportive information for considering policies in developing carsharing systems in urban areas.
Lane Change Rates at Freeway Weaving Sites: Trends in HCM6 and from NGSIM Trajectories
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiak , Xu Dezhong , Rouphail Nagui , Karr Alan
Published: April 2019

Concerns have been raised about the HCM6 weaving method’s lack of sensitivity to weaving segment length. This study explores the trends in HCM6 as they relate to lane change estimates and their impact on the segment speed and level of service (LOS). The study also compares HCM6 estimates of lane changes against empirical data from an NGSIM weaving site. Thus, the objectives of this study are twofold: ( a) critically investigate the effect of weaving length on lane change and associated speed model estimates in HCM6, and ( b) analyze trends in lane changes against congestion levels using detailed NGSIM trajectory data, comparing against HCM6 estimates. For ( a) it was found that the lack of sensitivity to weave length is because of the absence of this parameter in the nonweaving lane change and speed models. For ( b), a comparison of HCM6 lane change rates with NGSIM, US-101 data confirmed that the HCM6 estimates for weaving vehicles are fully consistent with those at the NGSIM site, controlling for density. In contrast, nonweaving lane change estimates in HCM6 did not deliver the expected trends, with more discretionary lane changes predicted as congestion increased. Finally, analysis of lane change patterns at the NGSIM site revealed a tendency for early merging for freeway to ramp traffic and uniform merging for ramp to freeway traffic over the length of the weave. Interestingly, a speed analysis showed that in most cases, a higher frequency of discretionary lane changes yielded lower travel times for drivers executing them.
Pedestrian Injury Severities in Pedestrian-Vehicle Crashes and the Partial Proportional Odds Logit Model: Accounting for Age Difference
Authors: Li Yang , Fan Wei (David)
Published: April 2019

This study investigates factors that significantly contribute to the severity of pedestrian injuries resulting from pedestrian-vehicle crashes. Multinomial logit (MNL) models, mixed logit (ML) models, and ordered logit/probit models have been widely used in modeling crash injury severity, including pedestrian injury severity in pedestrian-vehicle crashes. However, both MNL and ML models treat injury severity levels as non-ordered, ignoring the inherent hierarchical nature of crash injury severities, and the data used in ordered logit models need to be strictly subjected to the proportional odds (PO) assumption. In this study, a partial proportional odds (PPO) logit model approach is employed to explore the issues of pedestrian safety associated with each age group: young (aged under 24), middle-aged (aged 25–55), and older pedestrians (aged over 55). Data used in this study are police-reported pedestrian crash data collected from 2007 to 2014 in North Carolina. A variety of motorist, pedestrian, environmental, and roadway characteristics are inspected. Results from likelihood ratio tests statistically show the better performance of developing separate injury severity models for each age group compared with estimating a single model utilizing all data. Relevant parameter estimates and associated marginal effects are used to interpret the results, followed by recommendations made in the concluding section.
The 2014 Ontario Child Health Study—Methodology
Authors: Boyle Michael H. , Georgiades Katholiki , Duncan Laura , Comeau Jinette , Wang Li ,   2014 Ontario Child Health Study Team
Published: April 2019

Objective:

To describe the methodology of the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS): a province-wide, cross-sectional, epidemiologic study of child health and mental disorder among 4- to 17-year-olds living in household dwellings.

Method:

Implemented by Statistics Canada, the 2014 OCHS was led by academic researchers at the Offord Centre for Child Studies (McMaster University). Eligible households included families with children aged 4 to 17 years, who were listed on the 2014 Canadian Child Tax Benefit File. The survey design included area and household stratification by income and 3-stage cluster sampling of areas and households to yield a probability sample of families.

Results:

The 2014 OCHS included 6,537 responding households (50.8%) with 10,802 children aged 4 to 17 years. Lower income families living in low-income neighbourhoods were less likely to participate. In addition to measures of childhood mental disorder assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) and OCHS Emotional Behavioural Scales (OCHS-EBS), the survey contains measures of neighbourhoods, schools, families and children, and includes administrative data held by the Ministries of Education and Health and Long-Term Care.

Conclusions:

The complex survey design and differential non-response of the 2014 OCHS required the use of sampling weights and adjustment for design effects. The study is available throughout Canada in the Statistics Canada Research Data Centres (RDCs). We urge external investigators to access the study through the RDCs or to contact us directly to collaborate on future secondary analysis studies based on the OCHS.
Impact and damage tolerance of shear thickening fluids-impregnated carbon and glass fabric composites
Authors: Selver Erdem
Published: April 2019

This work investigates impact and damage performance of shear thickening fluids-treated carbon and glass fabric composites. Carbon and glass fabrics were impregnated with shear thickening fluids at three different silica ratios (10–20 wt%) and infused with epoxy resin to convert thermoset composites using vacuum infusion method. Shear thickening fluids-treated fabrics and composites were subjected to 30 Joules and 20–100 Joules, respectively to analyse their impact behaviours. It was revealed that the addition of shear thickening fluids-enhanced energy absorption and maximum loads of carbon and glass fabrics due creating shear thickening effect during impact loading. Although shear thickening behaviour were not observed for composites due to creating a solid thermoset network around shear thickening fluids during impact testing, energy absorption of glass and carbon composites were increased by lowering the interfacial bonding and increasing ductility. Compression and compression after impact strength of glass and carbon composites were decreased after using shear thickening fluids-treated fabrics. However, they exhibited much higher residual strength compared to neat glass and carbon composites.
Reliability, Validity, Factor Structure, and Measurement Invariance of the Japanese Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS)
Authors: Someki Fumio , Ohnishi Masafumi , Vejdemo-Johansson Mikael , Nakamura Kazuhiko
Published: April 2019

To examine reliability, validity, factor structure, and measurement invariance (i.e., configural, metric, and scalar invariance) of the Japanese Conners’ Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Rating Scales (CAARS), Japanese nonclinical adults ( N = 786) completed the CAARS Self-Report (CAARS-S). Each participant was also rated by one observer using the CAARS Observer Form (CAARS-O). For the test of measurement invariance, excerpts from the original (North American) CAARS norming data ( N = 500) were used. Dimensional structure was examined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were satisfactory. Based on the DSM-IV model and Japanese four-factor model, configural and metric invariance were established for the CAARS-S/O across Japanese and North American populations. Scalar invariance was established for the CAARS-O based on the Japanese model. The use of the Japanese CAARS for diagnostic purposes in Japan was supported; however, it should be used with caution for cross-cultural comparison research.
Typologie des composants de la musique publicitaire et réponses du consommateur envers la marque
Authors: Zoghaib Alice
Published: April 2019

Résumé

Cette recherche vise à explorer les effets des composants musicaux (CMs) de la musique publicitaire sur la perception de la marque, l’attitude et l’intention d’achat grâce à la fertilisation croisée entre la recherche en marketing et la musicologie. Des recherches antérieures ont démontré que les CMs (i.e., le tempo, le mode, ou le timbre) de la musique publicitaire pouvaient influencer la perception de la marque. Cependant, peu de CMs ont été étudiés et sans contrôler l’influence des autres CMs. En outre, les catégorisations existantes de CMs ne sont pas appliquées à la musique publicitaire et se concentrent principalement sur la musique classique. Une étude préliminaire analysant 125 musiques publicitaires avec des musicologues fournit une typologie des CMs publicitaires et des perceptions de marque induites. Quatre expérimentations explorent ensuite les effets des CMs publicitaires dans différents contextes (musique au premier plan, musique à l’arrière-plan avec un message neutre, musique à l’arrière-plan avec un message non neutre, réplication avec une marque réelle et très connue). La recherche indique l’influence de chaque CM publicitaire sur la perception de la marque tout en contrôlant tous les CMs. En particulier, certains CMs induisent la même perception de la marque. L’influence perceptuelle des CMs reste la même lorsqu’ils sont à l’arrière-plan ou non congruents. Ils peuvent même changer la perception d’une marque très connue, ainsi qu’influencer l’attitude envers la marque et l’intention d’achat. Finalement, cet article présente les implications conceptuelles et méthodologiques pour la recherche sur la musique et en management de marque ainsi que les implications managériales relatives à la musique publicitaire.
Extrusion processing of a high fibre loading of agrowaste in recycled polyolefin biocomposite
Authors: Chen Ruey Shan , Ahmad Sahrim
Published: April 2019

A high loading rice husk fibre (RHF) incorporated polyolefin blend of recycled polyethylene high-density/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPEHD/rPET) biocomposite was produced through extrusion and hot/cold press process. Interfacial modification of biocomposites was conducted through alkalization (sodium hydroxide solution) of fibres, compatibilization (using E-GMA) and/or coupling agent (MA -g-PE) to improve the interaction between components and the homogeneity of materials blending. Alkalization of fibres had improved the impact strength of biocomposites. The compatibilization and coupling effects on immiscible rPEHD/rPET blend and recycled polymer/RH filler, respectively, had led to an enhancement of mechanical performance and morphological stability. Scanning electron microscope micrograph revealed the improved matrix–matrix and filler–matrix interaction through interfacial modification. This investigation had shown that RHF mixed well with rPEHD/rPET/RHF to produce eco-friendly biocomposite products.
The Specter of ‘Politics’ and Ghosts of ‘Alternatives’ Past: Lebanese ‘Civil Society’ and the Antinomies of Contemporary Politics
Authors: Khneisser Mona
Published: April 2019

The Lebanese scene has witnessed important developments since the onset of the garbage crisis, particularly in the translation of ‘civil society’ activism and political disaffection into ‘alternative’ realms of political mobilization and participation. The social movement scene witnessed for the first time on such a large scale the multiplication of campaigns denouncing the political order. However, groups’ contending strategic and ideological orientations raised tensions between tendencies hoping to focus singularly on the garbage crisis and others hoping to place the crisis within its larger structural context. The Hirak’s (movement) inability to affect change compelled several activists towards reformist agendas through the electoral process and logic of gradual ‘change from within.’ The most prominent electoral initiative sought to reclaim the city and representative politics under the name (‘Beirut, My City’). The municipal electoral campaign, however, sidelined contentious political issues and structural inequalities vested in the city in favor of an accommodating developmental programe. Following months of deliberation, Beirut Madinati decided to ‘remain at the local level’, while some of its members joined force with other groups to form nationwide parliamentary electoral alliances, alongside a nascent ‘political party experiment,’ Sabaa (Seven). Exploring the recent developments in ‘alternative’ collective action in Lebanon, this research makes use of a content analysis of Facebook campaigning posts and interview data to study actors’ contending relations to ‘the political.’ The research concludes that rather than reconcile citizens with political participation, nascent groups that claim to represent ‘alternatives’ to the ‘corrupt’ political parties and sectarian political order, instead advance a consensual understanding of politics and social change that is more techno-moral and less contentious.
The Service Industry, Private-sector Employment and Social Class in Chile: New Developments from Labour Process Theory
Authors: Pérez Pablo , Cifuentes Lucas
Published: April 2019

For decades, analysts believed that the expansion of the service sector would lead to a ‘middle-class’ society. By the late 20th century, class analysts and labour process scholars called into question this argument. They showed that distinctions such as that between ‘white-collar’ and ‘blue-collar’ work failed to capture the dynamics of control and exploitation within production. Nevertheless, in Chile and other parts of Latin America, research still contends that the expansion of employment in private-sector service activities accelerated the consolidation of a ‘new middle class’. This article challenges this idea. Drawing upon insights from neo-Marxist class analysis and labour process theory, the article compares the perceptions of control over the labour process of workers from different industries, employment sectors and class locations. Quantitative and qualitative evidence suggest that the most important conclusions of recent research are misleading.
Improving the design of the traction motor of trains to reduce the aerodynamic noise
Authors: Kim Joon-Hyung , Ki Ho-Cheol , Byun Sung-Jun
Published: April 2019

The traction motor of trains, which is the core equipment in the railway industry, is a major noise source. As the protection of the environment becomes increasingly more important, the regulations regarding acceptable train noise are becoming stricter. Therefore, more studies on the traction motor of trains are required to find a method to reduce the noise. The existing studies on this topic are insufficient because of the high cost of producing prototypes and the absence of an aerodynamic noise analysis scheme with proven reliability. In this study, the noise performance of the traction motor of trains was evaluated using the numerical analysis of the lattice Boltzmann method, and its effect on the design variables of the traction motor was analyzed. To conduct this study, a reliable numerical analysis scheme was established by evaluating the performance of the base model through an experiment and numerical analysis and comparing the two results. In addition, seven major noise sources, including the size of the cooling fan, blade shape, number of blades, slot wedge shape, and clamp shape, were selected by analyzing the result of the numerical analysis of the base model. The effect of each design variable on the performance of the base model was analyzed by assessing the performance of cases that reflect the design modification of the chosen design variables. Based on the result, a complementary design model was designed to reduce noise, and the performance of this model was evaluated using numerical analysis and compared with that of the base model. From the results, it was confirmed that the newly created model produces much lower noise than the base model.
Performance evaluation of parabolic trough solar collector with solar tracking tilt sensor for water distillation
Authors: Ullah Fahim , Kang Min
Published: April 2019

The distilled water production by the application of the parabolic trough solar collector technology has its significant importance that still needs further exploration. The current study represents the modification of parabolic trough solar collector, with the using of solar tracking tilt sensor with the continuous water circulation rate of 0.22 kg/s to enhance the productivity of the parabolic trough solar collector, and the tracking system consisting of low-speed 12 V motor units of 0.75 r/min and torque of 50 N m was found suitable for the tracking mechanism. The collector received 476 W/m2 with the highest amount of distilled water up to 6675 ml/h m2 during the months of August and the 121°C temperature was recorded during the experiment. The efficiency was noted 31% for the month of August due to the highest absorbing solar irradiance. It was concluded from the results that the tested values of pH and EC in distilled water were decreased from the initial values with the process of distillation through parabolic trough solar collector. Further, from the results, it was concluded that the PTSC was working efficiently with the highest amount of distilled water with the solar tracking tilt sensor and higher efficiency from 08:00 AM to 16:00 PM during the daytime. Furthermore, recommended by the results of the experiment that the amount of distilled water produced significantly depends on the amount of energy input on the concentrator. At last, the distilled water quality was measured and the results were found acceptable for the standard of the Environmental Protection Agency.