bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence for Ensuring the Authenticity of Organic Legume Products in Supply Chains
Authors: Kim Si-Yeong , AlZubi Ahmad Ali
Published: January 2024

Background: The increasing demand for organic legume products has raised concerns about the validity of supply chains. This research explores the integration of blockchain and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies as a robust solution for ensuring the accuracy of organic legume products in supply chains. Leveraging the immutable and transparent nature of blockchain, the study establishes a decentralized ledger to record and validate each stage of the supply chain, from crop husbandry to distribution. Methods: Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are used in tandem to examine data points and identify irregularities that can signal the existence of fake goods. Through the integration of various technologies, the research aims to offer an advanced and flexible system that can anticipate and detect any risks to the validity of the product. Smart contract implementation on the blockchain enables automated verification procedures assuring, adherence to organic norms and laws. Result: Through case studies and empirical evidence, this paper demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed blockchain and AI integration in mitigating the risks associated with counterfeit organic legume products. This research contributes to the burgeoning field of blockchain and AI applications in supply chain management, offering a novel approach to fortify the integrity of organic food supply chains.
Introducción a la visualización de datos con ggplot2
Authors: Oviedo Rodríguez Katalina , Jiménez Oviedo Byron , Aguilar Fernández Eduardo
Published: January 2024

En este documento se presenta una recopilación de los principales códigos del paquete ggplot2 de R para representar información de forma gráfica. Los gráficos que aquí se exponen son los que usualmente se estudian en cursos básicos de estadística descriptiva en la educación superior. El objetivo principal es que esta recopilación sirva de guía para que tanto estudiantes como profesores puedan consultar de una manera más sintetizada algunos de los códigos y ambientes que existen para visualizar información de forma gráfica en ggplot2. Las bases de datos utilizadas son de libre acceso y se pueden descargar en R. En este documento se incluyen los enlaces a las mismas, lo que permite que el lector pueda replicar los códigos con estas bases para una mejor comprensión. Se asume que el lector posee un conocimiento básico del lenguaje R y de estadística descriptiva.
Recent Advances and Updates in Rhabdomyolysis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gomez Coral Maria Isabel
Published: January 2024

Rhabdomyolysis (RML) is a complex clinical syndrome marked by the breakdown of skeletal muscle cells, with historical recognition dating back to biblical times and modern understanding evolving since World War II. This comprehensive review explores the diverse landscape of RML, encompassing its epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. As a result of trauma or non-traumatic muscle injuries, pathogenesis involves the release of intracellular components into the bloodstream. Epidemiologically, RML exhibits demographic nuances, emphasizing the importance of recognizing risk factors for prevention. Clinical manifestations range from the classic triad of muscle pain, weakness, and dark urine to diverse presentations. Diagnosis involves evaluating elevated creatine kinase levels and myoglobinuria, with management strategies focusing on fluid balance, AKI prevention, and addressing underlying causes. The prognosis is diverse, influenced by complications such as AKI, with various scoring systems aiding risk assessment. Prevention and treatment strategies include a multifaceted approach, integrating tailored warm-ups, mindful exercise, education, and dietary modifications. Overall, the prognosis for RML remains favorable, underscoring the significance of meticulous management. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of RML, bridging historical insights with contemporary medical strategies and guiding ongoing research and advancements in patient care for this intricate condition. RML serves as a paradigm for integrating nuanced historical perspectives and modern medical approaches, highlighting the intricate balance required for effective management in clinical practice
Kajian Pustaka: Kasus Megacolon pada Anjing
Authors: Narendri Kadek Anggita Puspa , Suprabha Ni Kadek Dewi , Ruslie Sabella Ivana , Akbar Muhammad Wilmar , Batan I Wayan
Published: January 2024

Salah satu hewan kesayangan yang perlu mendapat perhatian untuk dipelihara dan dikembangbiakkan adalah anjing. Anjing merupakan salah satu hewan kesayangan yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian dalam pemeliharaan dan perkembangbiakannya. Sebagai hewan kesayangan, anjing mempunyai daya tarik tersendiri karena bentuk tubuh, mata,dan warna rambut yang beraneka ragam. Dengan kelebihan-kelebihan tersebut, maka anjing dapat dikembangkan dan dibudidayakan. Banyak pula pemilik anjing yang kekurangan informasi mengenai penyakit-penyakit anjing, padahal banyak penyakit yang jika tidak segera ditangani oleh pihak medis bisa menimbulkan komplikasi penyakit salah satunya penyakit megacolon. Megacolon adalah adanya benda asing yang bercampur dengan kotoran atau yang menyumbat bagian usus besar. Hal ini terjadi akibat kurang gerak, adanya perubahan pada litter box(kotor, perubahan letak, dan ganti dengan yang baru), stres, fraktur (patah) atau dislokasi tulang panggul, abses daerah perineal, tumor, atresia rektal, spinal cord disease, congenital spinal anomaly, paraplegia (paralisis/lumpuh bagian tubuh belakang), central nervous system dysfunction, gangguan sistem saraf otonom, idiopathic megacolon, hipokalemia, dehidrasi, kelemahan otot yang ada kaitannya dengan penyakit lain, dan pemberian obat-obatan seperti antikolinergik, antihistamin, diuretik, dan barium sulphate. Dapat dilihat dari 6 kasus megacolon pada anjing menunjukkan gejala klinis yang hampir sama, yaitu nafsu makan menurun, penurunan bobot badan, dan sering muntah. Pencegahan dan pengobatan yang dapat dilakukan dengan obat pencahar (Bisacodyl), prokinetika (Cisapride) dan katarsis (laktulosa) harus dimulai. Pengobatan pascaoperasi,terapi antibiotik,dan vitamin secara parenteral juga dilakukan.
Enade e a formação cidadã
Authors: Gomes Taciane de Medeiros , Silva Maria Márcia da , Ribeiro Mayra Rodrigues Fernandes
Published: January 2024

Introdução: o conceito de cidadania e a consequente formação dos sujeitos para atuarem no âmbito social têm acompanhado os diferentes momentos e contextos da sociedade moderna. Na educação, o preceito da cidadania faz-se presente em documentos e políticas de formação, desde a educação básica até a educação superior. Objetivo: apresentar uma reflexão sobre o Exame Nacional do Desempenho do Estudante - Enade, com um recorte dos temas de conhecimentos gerais no período de 2015 a 2019, e sua aproximação com as demandas sociais de valorização da diversidade e inclusão social. Parte-se da premissa de que os conhecimentos gerais, comuns ao perfil dos graduandos de todos os cursos do país, precisam contribuir com saberes e, quiçá, práticas de uma postura cidadã comprometida com o bem coletivo social. Metodologia: análise de referenciais teóricos que contribuem para a compreensão do conceito de cidadania na contemporaneidade, bem como de pesquisas, documentos e relatórios que expressam a política avaliativa do Enade e os conteúdos de formação geral, na perspectiva de contextualizar como o exame pode contribuir para a formação acadêmica-profissional-humana dos graduandos. Resultados/Conclusão: com inspiração teórico-epistemológica na multirreferencialidade, exercita-se o aguçar do olhar plural e, nesse processo, conclui-se que os temas apresentados no Enade entre 2015 e 2019 refletem questões sociais, ambientais, culturais, políticas e outras abordagens que, se incorporadas aos currículos e às práticas formativas dos estudantes, podem contribuir para a construção de um perfil profissional cidadão.
Pig-ear detection from the thermal infrared image based on improved YOLOv8n
Authors: Han Hui , Xue Xianglong , Li Qifeng , Gao Hongfeng , Wang Rong , Jiang Ruixiang , Ren Zhiyu , Meng Rui , Li Mingyu , Guo Yuhang , Liu Yu , Ma Weihong
Published: January 2024

In the current pig scale breeding process, considering the low accuracy and speed of the infrared thermal camera automatic measurement concerning the pig body surface temperature, this paper proposes an improved algorithm for target detection of the pig ear thermal infrared image based on the YOLOv8n model. The algorithm firstly replaces the standard convolution in the CSPDarknet-53 and neck network with Deformable Convolution v2, so that the convolution kernel can adjust its shape according to the actual situation, thus enhancing the extraction of input features; secondly, the Multi-Head Self-Attention module is integrated into the backbone network, which extends the sensory horizons of the backbone network; finally, the Focal-Efficient Intersection Over Union loss function was introduced into the loss of bounding box regression, which increases the Intersection Over Union loss and gradient of the target and, in turn, improves the accuracy of the bounding box regression. Apart from that, a pig training set, including 3,000 infrared images from 50 different individual pigs, was constructed, trained, and tested. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated by comparing it with the current mainstream target detection algorithms, such as Faster-RCNN, SSD, and YOLO families. The experimental results showed that the improved model achieves 97.0%, 98.1% and 98.5% in terms of Precision, Recall and mean Average Precision, which are 3.3, 0.7 and 4.7 percentage points higher compared to the baseline model. At the same time, the detection speed can reach 131 frames per second, which meets the requirement of real-time detection. The research results show that the improved pig ear detection method based on YOLOv8n proposed in this paper can accurately locate the pig ear in thermal infrared images and provide a reference and basis for the subsequent pig body temperature detection.
How Simply One Can Considerably Improve Performance of the Gas Stripper at the GSI UNILAC (Proposal)
Authors: Varentsov Victor
Published: January 2024

Here we propose a simple way in which one can considerably improve performance of the gas stripper setup at the GSI UNILAC. To do so, it will be enough to replace inside the main GSI stripper chamber the present nozzle and the short windowless storage gas cell (for pulsed gas-jet operation mode) by a simple conical diverging nozzle combined with a gas catcher tube placed on the axis of gas-jet at some distance downstream the nozzle exit. As a result, the background pressure in the main and differentially pumped adjacent vacuum chambers of the gas stripper at the GSI UNILAC will dramatically reduce, and it will make possible to achieve the required optimal thickness of gas targets. The pulsed gas stripper operation is simply realized by implementing a commercially available fast gas valve connected to the nozzle entrance. Moreover, the ion beam pulses repetition rate can be increased and it will allow for the considerably higher average intensity of the ion beams extracted from the GSI UNILAC. Performance of the proposed GSI UNILAC gas stripper modification we explored by means of detailed computer experiments, which give a realistic description of supersonic gas jets flowing out the nozzle into vacuum. Results of these computer experiments have presented and discussed.
Arc Quality Index based on Three-Phase Cassie-Mayr Electric Arc Model of Electric Arc Furnace
Authors: Blažič Aljaž , Škrjanc Igor , Logar Vito
Published: January 2024

In steel recycling, the optimization of electric arc furnaces (EAFs) is of central importance in order to increase efficiency and reduce costs. This study focuses on the optimization of electric arcs, which make a significant contribution to the energy consumption of EAFs. A three-phase equivalent circuit integrated with the Cassie-Mayr arc model is used to capture the nonlinear and dynamic characteristics of arcs, including arc breakage and ignition process. A particle swarm optimization technique is applied to real EAF data containing current and voltage measurements to estimate the parameters of the Cassie-Mayr model. A novel Arc Quality Index (AQI) is introduced in the study, which can be used to evaluate arc quality based on deviations from optimal conditions. The AQI provides a qualitative assessment of arc quality, analogous to indices such as arc coverage and arc stability. The study concludes that the AQI serves as an effective operational tool for EAF operators to optimize production and increase the efficiency and sustainability of steel production. The results underline the importance of understanding electric arc dynamics for the development of EAF technology.
Advanced Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy: Employing Hybrid Deep Neural Networks and Multi-Scale Image Analysis Techniques
Authors: Mutawa A M , Hemalakshmi G R , Prakash N B , Murugappan M
Published: January 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major complication of prolonged diabetes, poses a significant risk of vision loss. Early detection is critical for effective treatment, yet traditional diagnostic methods by ophthalmologists are time-consuming, costly, and subject to variability. This study introduces a novel approach employing a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Radial Basis Function (CNN-RBF) classifier integrated with Multi-Scale Discriminative Robust Local Binary Pattern (MS-DRLBP) features for enhanced DR detection. We implemented advanced image preprocessing techniques, including noise reduction, morphological operations, and Otsu’s thresholding, to optimize blood vessel segmentation from retinal images. Our method demonstrates exceptional performance in screening DR, achieving an average of 96.10% precision, 95.35% sensitivity, 97.06% specificity, and 96.10% accuracy. These results significantly outperform traditional methods and offer a promising tool for remote and efficient screening of DR. Applied to publicly available datasets, this research contributes to the development of accessible, accurate diagnostic methods in ophthalmology, potentially reducing the global burden of diabetic vision loss.
Potential of decentral nature-based solutions for mitigation of pluvial floods in urban areas – a simulation study based on 1D/2D coupled modelling
Authors: Neumann Jonas , Scheid Christian , Dittmer Ulrich
Published: January 2024

Cities are especially vulnerable to heavy rainfall events and the associated flooding. Urban drainage systems are not dimensioned to handle extreme heavy rainfall events, there is a need to enhance the resilience of those systems. Nature-based solutions (NBS) have the potential to retrofit existing urban drainage systems by providing, among other benefits, storage volume. This study presents an approach for including NBS with different degrees of implementation in a 1D/2D model and investigates their potential for flood mitigation in a study area in Berlin. The analyzed NBS are infiltration systems (e.g. infiltration swales) dimensioned to return periods of T = 5 and 100 years, various green roofs and tree locations (e.g. tree trenches). The NBS are represented by SWMM LID elements. The results show that overall the mitigation effect of NBS declines with increasing rainfall intensities. However, infiltration systems dimensioned to T = 100 years achieve almost three times the flood reduction compared to systems dimensioned to T = 5 years, even during extreme heavy rainfall events (100 mm), resulting in a reduced total flood volume of 15.1% to 25.8%. Overall, green roofs (excluding extensive green roofs) provide the greatest flood reduction (33.5%), while tree locations have the least effect.
Cartographic Journals in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Terra Digitalis and the Emergence of Peer-Reviewed FAIR Geospatial Data
Authors: Osorno-Covarrubias Francisco Javier , Couturier Stéphane , Martínez-Zazueta Iván , López-Quiroz Penélope , Ferrari Luca , Suárez Lastra Manuel
Published: January 2024

The ongoing expansion in volume, velocity and variety of geospatial data has stimulated the development of artificial intelligence applications and associated online cartographic visualizations. In this context, the cartographic communication through peer-reviewed media evolved to incorporate Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Re-usability (FAIR) principles. In this paper, we review the functionalities proposed by current international peer-reviewed media for accessing, exploring and re-using geospatial data, and situate them on a diagram conceived for peer-reviewed cartography in the artificial intelligence era. We then present an overview of the cartographic infrastructure and workflow currently available in the Terra Digitalis journal for the online publication of massive spatiotemporal data. This free and opensource based solution allows a smooth integration, from data submission to final peer reviewed publication, of dynamic, interactive 2D and 3D maps. As a proof of concept, we present two maps derived from massive spatiotemporal data, related, respectively, to a climate numerical model (raster data) and a bike sharing system’s origin-destination dataset (vector data). We argue that the combination of technologies used in the journal provides an efficient and low-cost solution, unmatched by other publication media, to boost the accessibility and FAIR principles for geospatial big data.
Optimization of Ampacity in High-Voltage Underground Cables with Thermal Backfill Using Dynamic PSO and Adaptive Strategies
Authors: Atoccsa Brayan Anderson , Puma David , Mendoza Daygord , Urday Estefany , Ronceros Cristhian , Tomas Modesto
Published: January 2024

Designing high-voltage underground transmission lines poses complex challenges in heat management, trench optimization, and determining cable ampacity. This article introduces an innovative proposal that focuses on adjusting the dimensions of the thermal backfill as a primary strategy to enhance ampacity compared to the traditional approach of increasing the cross-sectional area of the cable core. The methodology employs a particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique with adaptive penalization, restart strategies, and parameter self-adaptation implemented in MATLAB. The objective of this approach is to provide more efficient solutions than traditional MATLAB PSO, demonstrating improved convergence and more accurate results with a success probability of 66.1\%. Although traditional PSO is 81\% faster, the proposed PSO stands out for its precision. Additionally, the incorporation of thermal backfill results in an 18.45\% increase in cable ampacity. Variations in the thermal resistivity of the soil, backfill, and ambient temperature are highlighted as sensitive factors affecting ampacity and backfill dimensions. This method is presented as a crucial tool in the early stages of the project and underground installation in operation with maximum ampacity, contributing to the continuous improvement of energy efficiency.
SEMBLANZA DEL FRANCISCO AYALA JURISTA A TENOR DE SUS MEMORIAS
Authors: Gómez de Maya Julián
Published: January 2024

Con recurso a sus variopintos escritos autobiográficos, el presente texto aborda el proceso de vocación, formación y desempeño profesional del novelista granadino Francisco Ayala en su faceta de jurista, como letrado de las Cortes que fue y profesor de Derecho Político, antes de derivar académicamente en el exilio hacia la enseñanza e investigación dentro de los campos de la Sociología y la Literatura
UN CONFLICTO POCO CONOCIDO: LA GUERRA HISPANO-RUSA (1799-1801)
Authors: Pino Abad Miguel
Published: January 2024

Las primeras manifestaciones de los problemas en las relaciones entre España y Rusia se remontan al siglo XVII. De hecho, durante el reinado de Carlos II, los virreyes del Perú y Nueva España tenían noticias de que aquellos mares eran frecuentados por los rusos y que se habían produ-cido usurpaciones de territorios perjudiciales al rey de España y a la tranquilidad general. Las tensiones hispano-rusas se fueron acrecentando en los años posteriores hasta la declaración de guerra en 1799. Conflicto bélico que, curiosamente, no dejó ninguna víctima. Para encuadrarlo correctamente hay que tener presente las llamadas guerras revoluciona-rias francesas y la situación que afectó a la Orden de Malta.
A “homme fatale” stripped to kill: aesthetics and politics of the queer criminal in Stranger by the lake, by Alain Guiraudie
Authors: Marconi Dieison , Ramos Machado de Almeida Gabriela
Published: January 2024

El artículo interroga la figura del criminal queer en el cine, buscando ubicarlo políticamente como un sujeto que produce desplazamientos en los proyectos igualitarios y asimilacionistas del contemporáneo a través de la celebración de la negatividad, de el desorden, de lo extrañamiento, de la pulsión de muerte y de una ética anti-comunidad. El movimiento del trabajo es acercar la idea de criminalidad queer a un léxico ampliado de la vertiente negativa de los estudios queer, discutiendo menos el acto criminal en su materialidad real, y más su apariencia, a menudo injustificable en las narrativas de las películas mismas, como un recurso estético capaz de producir una cierta reflexión política. Para este ejercicio, movilizamos la película El desconocido del lago (2013), de Alain Guiraudie, cuyo protagonista encarna a un “hombre fatal” que perturba el onírico paisaje estival de un lago europeo, cometiendo asesinatos y fracturando la lógica comunitaria que existe entre los homosexuales frecuentadores del lugar.
Santidad, falsa santidad y posesiones demoníacas en Perú y Chile. Siglos XVI y XVII / René Millar Carvacho
Authors: Castro Figueroa Daniel Alejandro
Published: January 2024

El libro en cuestión trata de responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué es real y qué no es real en los casos de santidad y posesiones demoníacas? El autor responderá a esa pregunta tomando en cuenta la historicidad de los cánones y, sobre todo, contextualizando cada caso con la efervescencia propia de la época. La descripción es rica y exhaustiva, además de insistente en la mencionada contextualización.
Smart Application of Acoustic Technology to Acquire Cost-Effective Surveillance Data in Brown Fields
Authors: Chaudhry M. Hassaan , Ullah H. M. Arsalan , Azeem Aijaz D. , Ahmad Noor , Iqbal Fauzan , Khan Zaeem H. , Ahmed Raheel
Published: January 2024

There is no such thing as "enough data" in oil and gas industry. During field life cycle, significant capital is invested in gathering bottom-hole surveillance data through rig-less interventions. In late life of a field, any intervention becomes challenging due to economics. This study discusses journey of operator from testing to implementing acoustic survey technology for low-cost wellbore surveillance through establishment of in-house acquisition procedures such that wide-scale utilization across the asset was made possible.

Acoustic surveys utilize a high-pressure gas gun installed at wellhead to create a pressure transient that travels down the tubing or any annuli to determine wellbore characteristics. Any irregularities of the wellbore cross-section or a gas-liquid interface creates an echo that is recorded by the equipment and is correlated with well depth with respect to the transit times of respective echoes. Information that could be acquired includes 1) real-time liquid level monitoring in producing and static conditions, 2) static and flowing bottom-hole pressures, 3) flow regimes in gas wells, 4) identification of irregularities in wellbore.

Acoustic surveys were acquired in brown fields of Lower Indus Basin and the results were subsequently validated by acquiring bottom-hole data. This included comparison of acquired information with bottom-hole pressure data acquired through memory gauges to assess and improve the accuracy of acoustic survey interpretations. Additionally, utilization was made to identify anomalies in wellbore completions (scale build-ups, failure points, depositions, etc.). Low-cost and fairly accurate surveillance through acoustic surveys allowed the operator to minimize operational and production downtime, paving way for aggressive implementation of the technology.

Acoustic equipment provided fast, non-intrusive and cost-effective alternative to costly surveillance activities in marginal oil and gas wells. Critical data was acquired, which otherwise would not have been economically feasible due to marginal production of respective wells.
Comprehensive Liner Inspection Using Smart Integration of Acoustic and Caliper Logs
Authors: Tanveer Muhammad Sohaib , Bari Abdul , Zubair Talha , Khan Mohammad Rasheed , Asif Aleeza Tahoor , Inam Sahir , Hussnain Muhammad Sana ul , Ullah Rafi
Published: January 2024

A well integrity system is comprised of a complete evaluation of both cement placement and tubular condition. In this regard, casing degradation evaluation is of primary importance to ensure that the well is capable of producing for its complete lifecycle. Evaluation techniques include mechanical calipers which have been the traditional and conventional technology in the past half century or so are capable of assessing the internal pipe condition. More recently, high resolution ultrasonic imaging has been introduced that determines casing thickness by transmitting pulse-echo waveforms to excite the casing in its thickness mode through the principles of resonance. In the work this paper presents, a holistic interpretation approach is used by integrating two technologies of acoustic and mechanical measurements for identifying the liner tortuosity in a deep exploratory well in Pakistan.

This work pertains to the production liner section (7-inch) across which the operator was facing problems while running the string down. The well was a newly drilled exploratory well and the operator wanted to ensure the integrity of the well and identify possible bottlenecks restricting the tool movement within the wellbore. Therefore, it was decided to acquire extended data and not rely on a mono-source evaluation. A six-arm mechanical caliper log was acquired subsequently followed by an ultrasonic acoustic pulse-echo measurement; data from both the sources was integrated to obtain the borehole profile for detailed evaluation and analysis.

Comprehensive corrosion evaluation was performed using ultrasonic and caliper data. Ultrasonic data was processed and oriented by using industry-standard software to azimuthally identify the damaged zone across the 7-in liner section. In addition, caliper data was also analyzed in detail through borehole section plots at individual depths of the damaged zone. Resultantly, both datasets were integrated into a single log display to diagnose and identify the liner buckling with the observed metal loss.

Dynamic and integrated corrosion evaluation helped to holistically identify the well's tubular integrity concerns. As a result, with this unique integration, accurate borehole geometrical profiling was assessed that would allow for more robust planning of future well intervention and completion activities.
Smart Well Completions: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies, Applications and Challenges
Authors: Khan Mudassir , Inam Sahir , Hussnain Sana ul , Aijaz Muhammad Jahanzaib , Ullah Rafi , Shafee Imran , Haider Mateen , Ahmad Haiwad , Qureshi Haris Ahmed , Bashir Ibtihaj Atiq
Published: January 2024

The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of smart well completion technologies. These technologies are being effectively utilized around the globe for production enhancement, effective reservoir monitoring and management, and reservoir performance, which has always been the main focus of oil and gas industry. Efficacy for the applications of such technologies in specific cases is discussed and the associated challenges are analyzed.

Extensive literature review of the past and contemporary technologies has been conducted to understand the evolution of smart completions. Thorough review has been conducted to grasp the specific applications and challenges associated with it. As the application of technology is widespread, specific cases pertaining to multilayered and compartmentalized reservoirs were selected where the solutions were deployed for better control and reservoir management. The operational complexity in these completions related to deployment and future well interventions is also covered. Further, review of smart completion system, its components and implementation, challenges faced during the designing and execution and different applications to address major problems such as, auto gas lift, production optimization production of thin and high water cut reservoirs, effective reservoir management and remote operations is also taken into account.

As the industry embraces digitalization and automation, smart well completion is poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of oil and gas operations. Successful application of smart or intelligent completions globally have enabled operators to manage complex subsurface reservoirs effectively. Moreover, a combination of such technologies has proved to be vital in multilateral wells enabling downhole monitoring and control. The solutions provide downhole monitoring, enabling real time analysis and on spot decision making.

Based on different solutions and technologies available, an analogy has been derived to deploy a tailored solution for multilayered reservoir. Selection of equipment based on different requirements and applications has been presented to derive cost benefit as well as to keep challenges at bay by reducing interventions. Also, the specific application of fiber optics for real-time monitoring of acoustic and temperature measurements is compared as a substitute of production logging tools can prove beneficial and provide monitoring requirements over the life of the well.
Geomechanics Application in the North of Pakistan: Unlocking Drilling Excellence - A Comprehensive Analysis of 10 Years
Authors: Khan Shahjahan , Awan Ahmad Nawaz , Sarfraz Zaman , Muhammad Irfan
Published: January 2024

This paper highlights the inherent challenges of drilling in highly tectonic area of Pakistan and covers effectiveness of geomechanics modelling and associated learnings which can be useful for other operators working in the similar stress regime. Over 10 years of drilling performance data is analyzed to compare the pre-geomechanics and post geomechanics application results. Overall comparison showed a significant improvement in total NPT reduction and stark drop in side-track ratio per well, however, losses related NPT was found to be increasing.

MOL Pakistan adopted the concept of constructing Mechanical Earth Models (MEMs) for a better understanding of Geo-mechanical behavior of rock strata from already drilled wells termed as ‘post drill models’ to predict a stable mud weight window for a well to be drilled – called ‘pre-drill model’.

In this paper, Wells with geomechanics application are compared with the offset wells without MEM application to quantify the value of geomechanics in this geologically complex and tectonically active area of Pakistan. Key Performance Indicators used for comparison purpose include downhole NPT%, sidetrack ratio per well and cost per meter. Wellbore stability related challenges particularly in low permeability, fractured formations and in weak bedding planes are area of focus. Mud weight management strategy (Dos and Don'ts) are presented to minimize the downhole NPTs.

Due to inherent geological uncertainties and certain constraints related input data availability, reliability of pre-drill model was not always high. To cope up with this uncertainty aspect, concept of Pseudo Realtime Geomechanics (P-RTGM) was introduced whereby model updates were acquired to fine tune mud weight management strategy; coupled with mechanisms for wellbore stability monitoring and evolving improved hole cleaning practices.
Effect of multi-cycle combustion on NOx emission formation of hydrogen fuel in pulse detonation engine
Authors: Warimani Mahammadsalman , Bellary Sayed Ahmed Imran , Alam Noor , Teli Shivagond , Azami Muhammad Hanafi , Khan Sher Afghan , Muthuswamy Sonachalam
Published: January 2024

Pulse Detonation Engines (PDE) have higher temperature combustion, which results in higher Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions. The current study will investigate the formation of NOx using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method for multicycle combustion processes. The CFD model is created by varying the boundary conditions for hydrogen fuel. According to the CFD simulation, the maximum value of Nitrous oxide produced was 27000 ppm in the middle of the combustion tube during the first cycle, with a minimum range of 0–20 ppm produced at the start and end of both cycles. The computed results of a maximum rate of Nitrous Oxide of 100 microseconds are consistent with previous literature. In the PDE analytical analysis, hydrogen fuel had the highest Emission Index of Nitrous Oxide (EINOx) of 58.64 g/kg of fuel, and methane fuel had the lowest EINOx of 10.06 g/kg of fuel. In CFD analysis at 10 microseconds, RAM-jets produced around 100 g/kg of fuel, while PDE produced 50 g/kg of fuel in EINOx.
Controlling competing outcomes of a single-molecule reaction
Authors: Purkiss Rebecca M. , Keenan Pieter J. , Klamroth Tillmann , Sloan Peter , Rusimova Kristina R.
Published: January 2024

The ability to programme matter on the scale of individual molecules is a long-standing goal in nanoscience. The atomic resolution of scanning tunnelling microscopy and its ability to excite a molecule locally can give control over the probability of inducing a single-molecule reaction. Moreover, selectivity in the reaction outcome can be ensured by exciting different electronic states [1–3], changing the excitation location [4–9], or exciting different molecular vibrations [10, 11]. These schemes are used to synthesize normally unstable molecular structures [12, 13]. In these examples, the reaction outcome is controlled by changing the initial conditions of the excitation: only one reaction outcome is possible, but that outcome can be chosen by tuning the excitation properties. Here we show it is possible to control the outcome of a single molecule reaction that has multiple competing outcomes. By precise injection of electrons from an STM tip, toluene molecules chemisorbed on the Si(111)−7×7 surface at room temperature are induced to react one at a time with two outcomes: the molecules either desorb, or switch to an adjacent surface site. The branching ratio between these two outcomes is dependent on the excess energy the exciting electron carries. Using known values and ab initio DFT calculations to support our findings, we conclude that the excess energy of the exciting electron leads to a heating of the intermediate physisorbed state and hence gives control over the two reaction outcomes via their energy barriers and pre-factors [14]. This opens the way to control more complex single-molecule reactions via manipulation of the excited state.
Bioplastics Made From Starch as Conventional Plastic Substitutes: Evaluation of Physical Properties and Biodegradation
Authors: Porras-Saavedra Josefina , Palacios-González Eduardo , Tovar-Benítez Tomas , Contreras-Lavida Heriberto , Houbron Eric Pascal , Canul-Chan Michel
Published: January 2024

This work studies the biodegradability of bioplastics (BPs) generated from the combination of starch from the fruit of Sechium edule (SSE) and the starch of Phaseolus vulgaris (SPV) with a plasticizing agent. BPs were obtained using the casting method from filmogenic solutions formed with dispersions of SSE and SPV in concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 9% w/v individually and in binary combinations at a (1:1) ratio. Those with the best physical properties were chosen to evaluate the biodegradation of BPs in vitro, over-soil (OS), and soil burial (UG) conditions. The results indicated that BPs are transparent and have a high hydrophilic capacity; they also presented high manageability, continuity, and uniformity aspects starting from a concentration of 6% (w/v). The BPs formulated with the starch mixtures (SSE-SPV) show hardness values between 455.20 and 1972.00 gf and an elasticity index greater than 0.86. Under storage conditions of 11.30 and 57.60% RH, the maximum elongation value was reached from the concentration of 6% SSE-SPV, and this property is reduced when the relative humidity of the BPs increases. Under UG conditions, the percentage of biodegradation was 91.02%, with a degradation rate of 7.6854 mg BP/day, the experimental data of the biodegradation process were adjusted to a first-order kinetic model, the biodegradation rate coefficients of BP were 0.1143, 0.0905, 0.6873 days-1 in in vitro, over-soil and soil burial conditions, respectively.
Influence of biochar amendment on removal of heavy metal from soils using phytoremediation by C. roseus and Chrysopogon zizanioides
Authors: Deka Dhritilekha , Patwa Deepak , Nair Archana M , Ravi Karangat
Published: January 2024

Advances in sustainable toxic heavy metal treatment technologies are crucial to meet our needs for safer land to develop an urban resilient future. The heavy metals bioaccumulate in the food chain due to its persistence in the soil, which poses a serious challenge to its removal and control. Utilisation of hyperaccumulators to reduce the mobility, accumulation, and toxic impact of heavy metals is a promising and ecologically safe technique. Amendments such as biochar, compost and chelates have shown to enhance the phytoremediation efficiency. The potential soil improvement is influenced by the properties of the amendment, plant and metal heterogeneities. In this study, an organic biochar amendment for the 60-day pot experiment using C. roseus, Chrysopogon zizanioides in a heavy metal contaminated soil was applied. The influence of biochar prepared from sugarcane bagasse biochar on phytoremediation of Pb, Zn and Cd from the soil was explored. Biochar amendment rate of 2% had significant effect on the improvement of the morphological characteristics of the plants in comparison to the control. The soil potassium concentrations increased with amendment rates, while the ammonia and phosphorous reduced beyond an optimum biochar content. Heavy metal concentrations in the soil were consistently lower in the amended soil for both plants. The translocation factor (TF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) exhibited the phytoextraction and phytostabilisation potential of the plants. However, it remains specific to each contaminant, plant and amendment rate. The insights from this study establishes that the synergy between biochar amendment and the selected medicinal plants improved the phytoremediation efficiency.
Low-temperature photocatalytic dry reforming of methane over porous cylindrical, gyroidal, and asymmetric catalyst structures
Authors: Moore William , Shoji Shusaku , Tsaur Lieihn , Yu Fei , Thedford R. Paxton , Tait William , Raisi M. , Saha Aniruddha , Reese Austin , Gruner Sol , Yeghiazarian Lilit , Sobhani Sadaf , Suntivich Jin , Wiesner Ulrich
Published: January 2024

Recent advances in the photocatalytic activation of dry reforming of methane (DRM: CO2 + CH4 → 2CO + 2H2) at low temperature and ambient pressure have generated considerable interest as a promising route to convert greenhouse gases into valuable synthetic gas (syngas). While detailed studies have revealed the mechanisms involved in photocatalytic DRM at metal-semiconductor interfaces, less attention has been devoted to how high surface area semiconductor supports may enhance such conversions. Here we structure triblock terpolymer self-assembly directed sol-gel derived transition metal oxide (Ta2O5 or TiO2) supports of Rh-decorated photocatalysts into various equilibrium and non-equilibrium derived porous morphologies and show how they modulate single-pass conversion, total production rate, and material efficiency. Supported by in-depth materials characterization and flow simulations rationalizing observed trends, results reveal record catalyst performance. Our work suggests that asymmetric pore structures simultaneously optimizing mass transport and surface area may be well-suited to maximize photocatalyst performance.
RETRACTED: Methane emissions from bald cypress knees across a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Martinez Melinda , Bordelon Robert L. , Middleton Beth A. , Villa Jorge A. , Kang Hojeong , Jang Inyoung
Published: January 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Can long-past human-modified landscapes maintain biodiversity to any degree? A case of medium- and large-sized terrestrial mammals in an Atlantic Forest-Cerrado agroecosystem
Authors: Martins Juliana Ávila , Lemos Frederico Gemesio , de Freitas-Junior Mozart Caetano , de Azevedo Fernanda Cavalcanti
Published: January 2024

Although up to 20% of Brazilian endemic species threatened with extinction lie outside designated protected areas, the mammalian community composition within private lands remains overlooked. This research aims to determine the composition of medium- and large-sized terrestrial mammals in Pontal Farm, a livestock production farm in southeastern Goiás with a high percentage of native vegetation. The intent was to contrast this private agroecosystem's biodiversity richness with that of its proximate protected area counterpart, the Atlantic Forest State Park (PEMA). Through camera trapping and records from direct and indirect signs, we recorded 25 native mammalian species distributed in eight orders, with an estimated richness of 26 species. Six of these are categorized as vulnerable to extinction by the Brazilian Red List (ICMBio 2022). Notably, Pontal Farm presented a relatively higher mammalian richness when compared to other unprotected areas of Cerrado and surpassed that documented at PEMA. Furthermore, species differences between Pontal and PEMA indicate that some species absent from Pontal are highly sensitive to human-induced changes. Conversely, certain species found in Pontal and not in PEMA may reflect specific habitat preferences. Our findings highlight the biodiversity conservation potential of agroecosystems preserving patches of native vegetation, emphasizing their capacity to sustain certain mammalian diversity, when combining economic production with good management practices.
Multiple biotic factors mediate the invasion success of Chromolaena odorata
Authors: Chen Mingbo , Li Weitao , Zheng Yulong
Published: January 2024

Community resistance plays a crucial role in the successful invasion of alien plants. However, our understanding of how the soil legacy effects of native species richness, parasitic plants, competition and soil microbes contribute to shaping community resistance has not been achieved. In this study, we grewChromolaena odorataand two co-occurring native plants from three soil sources (native richness gradient, i.e., heavily invaded moderately invaded and lightly invaded). We then implemented treatments containing parasitism (Cuscuta chinensis), competition and sterilization. Overall, our research indicated thatC. odorataoutperformed two other native species (in terms of height and biomass). However, our findings also revealed that both the soil legacy effects of native plant richness and competition negatively impact the growth ofC. odorata, and native plants tend to produce more biomass in soils with greater diversity and under competitive conditions (5.0%). Interestingly,C. chinensisparasitism had asymmetric negative effects on alien (-11.1%) and native plants (-39.9%). Furthermore,C. odoratadid not experience limitations from parasitism in sterilized soil, as indicated by a slight increase in biomass of 2.3%. This study underscores that community resistance toC. odoratais governed by an interplay of multiple biotic factors, both individually and in combination.
Exploring Factors Influencing Mode of Delivery in Qazvin, Iran: A Cross- Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Mohammadamin Rahimianghohroodi , javadi amir , pakniat hamideh , leila amini , HOSSEINI amir
Published: January 2024

Background
Increasing rates of worldwide have raised concerns regarding potential overuse of this herb and its implications for maternal and neonatal health.
Method
To address these concerns, this study was conducted in Qazvin Province, Iran, to investigate the prevalence of cesarean section and identify the factors influencing the mode of delivery. Data from 2398 births spanning three years were collected, encompassing various maternal and neonatal characteristics, as well as causes leading to cesarean section. The key factors explored included maternal height, age, hypertension, diabetes, and location of residence.
Results
Advanced maternal age and shorter stature were associated with an elevated risk of cesarean section. Moreover, urban areas exhibited higher cesarean section rates than did rural areas. Maternal complications such as diabetes, preeclampsia, and eclampsia were more prevalent in the CS group. Prominent causes of cesarean section include prelabor rupture of membranes, meconium disposal, and labor progression failure. These findings shed light on the factors influencing cesarean section rates, empowering healthcare professionals to make informed decisions and promote successful vaginal births. However, it is important to acknowledge the study's limitations, such as its focus on a specific province and potential confounding variables.
Conclusion
Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore additional factors contributing to cesarean section incidence and outcomes.
Using Alternative Definitions of Controls to Increase Statistical Power in GWAS
Authors: Benstock Sarah E. , Weaver Katherine , Hettema John , Verhulst Brad
Published: January 2024

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are underpowered due to small effect sizes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on phenotypes and extreme multiple testing thresholds. The most common approach for increasing statistical power is to increase sample size. We propose an alternative strategy of redefining case-control outcomes into ordinal case-subthreshold-asymptomatic variables. While maintaining the clinical case threshold, we subdivide controls into two groups: individuals who are symptomatic but do not meet the clinical criteria for diagnosis (subthreshold) and individuals who are effectively asymptomatic. We conducted a simulation study to examine the impact of effect size, minor allele frequency, population prevalence, and the prevalence of the subthreshold group on statistical power to detect genetic associations in three scenarios: a standard case-control, an ordinal, and a case-asymptomatic control analysis. Our results suggest the ordinal model consistently provides the most statistical power while the case-control model the least. Power in the case-asymptomatic control model reflects the case-control or ordinal model depending on the population prevalence and size of the subthreshold category. We then analyzed a major depression phenotype from the UK Biobank to corroborate our simulation results. Overall, the ordinal model improves statistical power in GWAS consistent with increasing the sample size by approximately 10%.