bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1373 – Agomelatine And Sertraline For The Treatment Of Depression In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Karaiskos D. , Tzavellas E. , Ilias I. , Liappas A. , Liappas I. , Paparrigopoulos T.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Fifteen percent of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) meet the criteria for comorbid major depression. To maximize response of both depression and diabetic disorder, one should consider antidepressant treatment.

Objective

The present study compared the efficacy of agomelatine and sertraline in the treatment of symptoms of depression/anxiety, diabetes self-care, and metabolic control in a sample of depressed patients with non-optimally controlled type 2 DM.

Method

This was an observational study of 40 depressed patients with DM who were randomly assigned to receive either agomelatine or sertraline, and were assessed over a 4-month period for depression, anxiety, self care, fasting plasma glucose, haemoglobin A1c and body weight.

Results

HDRS scores fell at the end of the study for both treatment groups; significantly lower HARS scores were noted at the last assessment for the agomelatine group. Body weight increased slightly in the sertraline group. Although an improvement in fasting plasma glucose was observed in the final assessment in both treatment groups glycated hemoglobin showed a tendency towards lower values in the agomelatine group. Both groups had better SCI scores at the end of the study; the changes in the agomelatine group were higher. Both antidepressants were well tolerated and none of the patients dropped-out of the study.

Conclusion

The main finding of the present study was that agomelatine had a more positive effect than sertraline on symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as metabolic parameters and health-related behaviors, in depressed patients with type 2 DM.
1376 – Anti-psychotic Drugs: a Major Cause Of Hyperprolactinemia In a General Medicine Practice
Authors: Agarwal S.K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Elevated prolactin levels in a general medicine practice invariably raise the suspicion of prolactinoma. Prolactinoma is, a benign adenoma or tumor of the pituitary gland often producing clinically significant levels of prolactin. The finding of elevated prolactin levels is therefore associated with distinct clinical and therapeutic implications. However antipsychotic medications are a major cause of hyperprolactinemia and recognition of this fact may obviate complicated and expensive testing in these patients.

Objectives

To evaluate the cause of hyperprolactinemia in patients seen in a general medicine practice.

Aims

To document the role played by anti-psychotic medications in hyperprolactinemia.

Methods

We identified 364 consecutive office patients who had their prolactin levels routinely measured during an 8 month period. None of these patients were pregnant or lactating. Testing was done by a commercial laboratory and normal levels were defined as 4.0 ng/ml to 15.2 ng/ml.

Results

Of 364 patients (203(56%) males, 161 (44%)females [ages 26 to 82]), 84 (23%) had elevated prolactin levels. Of these 55(65%) were in patients who were on antipsychotic medications. 29(35%) patients had non-psychiatric cause of hyperprolactinemia.

Conclusions

Prolactin levels are normally elevated during pregnancy and lactation. Elevated prolactin levels are also seen in many medical conditions including prolactinoma and primary hypothyroidism. Levels may also be elevated with the use of SSRI and SNRI medications and during times of extreme emotional stress. This study shows that the vast majority of patients seen in an general medicine practice with elevated prolactin levels have mental illnesses and are on anti-psychotic medications.
1378 – Elevated Inflammatory Markers In Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Agarwal S.K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Infection and the resultant immune response may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Higher levels of inflammation appear to be associated with worse psychotic symptoms in these patients. Further anti-inflammatory agents such as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors have been shown to improve symptoms in this population. CRP and ESR are two simple, cheap and readily available measurements that reliably reflect inflammation.

Objectives

To evaluate if inflammation is common in schizophrenia patients.

Aims

To establish that acute phase inflammatory marker CRP and chronic phase inflammatory marker ESR are elevated in the schizophrenia patients.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the laboratory results of all schizophrenia patients seen in our office during a period of one year. These visits were for routine yearly physical. All patients were diagnosed and being treated for schizophrenia by psychiatrists. CRP was considered indicative of inflammation if it measured between 1 and 10 while ESR was considered abnormal if it was more than 20.

Results

Of a total of 60 patients (47 men; 13 women; ages 22-54): CRP elevated in 30 of 60 (50%): men 22 (47%) out of 47; females 8 out of 13 (61%). ESR elevated in 21(40%) out of 52: men 15 (37%) out of 41: females 6 (55%) out of 11.

Conclusion

Patients with schizophrenia appear to have high rates of inflammation. This may partly explain the increased premature morbidity and mortality seen in these patients. The therapeutic use of aspirin or other anti-inflammatory drugs in this population needs to be explored.
1382 – High Prevalence Of Low Testosterone Levels In Male Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Agarwal S.K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Recent neuroendocrinological studies have suggested that gonadal sex hormones play a significant role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Low testosterone levels are also associated with negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. Patients receiving treatment for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder also show high rates of sexual dysfunction. Studies suggest that testosterone augmentation may play a potential therapeutic role in these patients.

Objectives

To study a cohort of schizophrenia patients for the presence of hypotestosteronemia.

Aims

To establish that low testosterone hormone levels occur at a lower age in schizophrenia population.

Methods

We reviewed the total testosterone levels of all male schizophrenic patients seen in our office over a period of one year for a routine yearly physical. The blood was tested by LabCorp using the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (L/MS-MS). Normal values using this sensitive method are between 348.0–1197 ng/dL.

Results

There were a total of 61 male schizophrenia patients who had their testosterone levels tested during this period. Their ages ranged from 22 to 48 years. 23 (38%) out of the 61 men had serum testosterone less than 348 ng/dl, while 38 (62%) had testosterone levels between 348 ng/dl and 1197 ng/dl. None had testosterone levels above normal.

Conclusions

A significant number of our male patients with schizophrenia had hypotestosteronemia. Since gonadal sex hormones play a significant role in the patho-physiology of schizophrenia, testosterone levels should be routinely measured in the male patients. The role of testosterone supplementation in these patients needs to be further explored.
1385 – Characteristics Of The Aggressive In-patient In a Forensic Psychiatric Hospital In Denmark: Using The Staff Observation Aggression Scale - Revised(soas-r)
Authors: Hansen N.W. , Reinhardt S.M.
Published: July 2013

Aim

To investigate the characteristics of the aggressive in-patient in a Danish forensic hospital.

Material and method

The study was conducted in a forensic psychiatric setting at Psychiatric Centre Sankt Hans. It utilizes data from the three year period between 2008 and 2010. Staff Observation Aggression Scale - Revised (SOAS-R) is used to examine all aggressive incidents during the period mentioned.

Results

212 patients were admitted between 2008 and 2010, the majority of which being mainly men (98.6%) with a diagnosis within ICD10 F20-F29 (79.7%). In total there were 1507 recorded aggressive incidents, and 63.2% of the patients were registered with at least one incident of aggression. Ethnic minorities were overrepresented in comparison to the background population (37.3% vs. 9.5%).

We found that Danish-born patients were more frequently aggressive compared to ethnic minorities (OR 1.8 p = 0.029), and that alcohol/substance abuse was a predictor of aggression (OR 3.47 p =< 0.001). According to age we found that the aggressive patient was significant younger compared to the non-aggressive patient (p = 0.043).

Conclusion

Aggression is a prevalent phenomenon in a forensic psychiatry setting. Patients with at least one aggressive incident as recorded in the SOAS-R are characterized by being male, Danish and abusing. In addition schizophrenia is the most frequent diagnosis in forensic psychiatry at Psychiatric Center Sankt Hans.
1390 – Barriers In The Attendance Of Health Care Interventions By Immigrants
Authors: Bermejo I. , Hölzel L.P. , Kristion L. , Härter M.
Published: July 2013

Aim

Analysis of barriers regarding the attendance of the health care system under consideration of cultural- and migrationrelated factors.

Method

Cross-sectional survey with immigrants from Turkey (n = 77), Spain (n = 67), Italy (n = 95) and German resettlers from the former Soviet Union (n = 196), recruited on migration and addiction services of the German Caritasverband, the Arbeiterwohlfahrt and migrant organizations.

Results

Spanish and Italian immigrants mainly search for help in their families and social environment. Immigrants from the former Soviet Union use home remedies and experience more linguistic difficulties as barriers for the use of health services, just like Turkish immigrants. Turkish immigrants reported feeling misunderstood regarding their cultural peculiarities by the expert staff as another main barrier. Other major influence factors were German language proficiency and the subjective wellbeing in Germany.

Conclusion

The consideration of cultural-related as well as linguistic factors in health care services is an essential contribution for improving health care of immigrants.
1405 – Early Memories Of Positive Emotions And Its Relationships To Attachment Styles, Self-compassion And Psychopathology In Adolescence
Authors: Cunha M. , Martinho M.I. , Xavier A.M. , Espírito Santo H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Literature has shown that early childhood experiences, especially those related to feelings of threat or safeness play a key role in emotional and social subsequent development.

Objectives

(1)

examine the impact of early memories of warmth and safeness on quality of attachment in adolescents;

(2)

Explore the relationship between early positive memories, self-compassion and psychopathology (depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms);

(3)

Explore the relative contribution of emotional memories and self-compassion in the prediction of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Methods

651 adolescents (330 boys, 50.7%) aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 15.89, SD = 1.99), completed the early memories of warmth and safeness scale (EMWSS), self-compassion scale (SCS), attachment questionnaire (AQ-C) and anxiety, depression and stress scales (DASS-21).

Results

Memories of warmth and safeness showed negative moderate correlations with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and positive moderate association with self-compassion. Additionally, positive emotional memories in childhood revealed adequate discriminant validity for attachment style. Adolescents classified with a secure attachment style showed significantly more early memories of warmth and safeness than those teenagers with insecure attachment (ambivalent or avoidance). Early positive memories and self-compassion have a significant and an independent contribution on the prediction of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescent community.

Conclusions

The present study shows that the recall of emotional memories in childhood (e.g., feelings of warmth and safeness) is associated with self-compassion, as an emotion regulation process. So, these two variables may function as protective factors in the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescence.
1406 – Does The Communication Beyond Five Sensory Modalities Exist In Sd Rats?
Authors: Fu Y. , Hou X. , Huang X. , Xie P.
Published: July 2013

Objective

To demonstrate whether the communication between two SD rats base on the similar genetic basis or the same living environment, who separated (including visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory and tasting inputs)from each other, occurs.

Methods

One SD rat (RECEIVER) was examined by EEG spectral analysis and ECG analysis under anesthesia while the other SD rat (SENDER) received optimal stimuli or malignant stimuli. The course was conducted in the shielded and the unshielded. Compare the EEG and ECG of RECEIVER between the stimulation state and resting state of SENDER.

Results

This study show no significant difference in EEG (index: percentile weight and average weight of EEG on frontal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus of each frequency band) and ECG (index: R, PR segment, ST segment, QRS segment, QT segment) of RECEIVER during the time that the SENDER suffered from malignant stimulation, experienced optimal stimulation and of resting state.

Conclusion

The communication of SD rats, not through common five sense organ may not exist, even though the same genetic basis or the common living surrounding.The optimal stimuli and the malignant stimuli of SENDER cannot influence the EEG of Frontal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus and ECG on RECEIVER. There is no sufficient evidence for the existence of this communication of animal.
1412 – Differences In Depression Anxiety And Stress Among Men And Women With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lyrakos G.N. , Papazafiropoulou A.K. , Batistaki C. , Xatziagelaki E. , Damigos D. , Tinas C. , Mpakomitrou F. , Bousboulas S. , Spinaris V.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Research has suggested that individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are twice as likely to suffer from depression, compared with the general population. In addition, women with DM show increased risk for developing depression or depressive symptoms

Objectives

To compare the self evaluation DM patients with depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS).

Aims

To reveille the possible gender differences, regarding depression anxiety and stress in DM.

Methods

272 DM patients (74(27.2%) males / 198(72.8%) females), in two outpatients’ clinics in Athens-Greece took part in the study. DASS was used for the evaluation of depression. Statistical analysis was were performed with SPSS-16.0.

Results

Women had a significantly higher mean score (MA = 6.9 ± 7.2) in anxiety and depression (MD = 8.1 ± 7.4) than men (MA = 4.8 ± 4.6) and (MD = 4.7 ± 5.6), (T = -2.543 p < .05) and (T = -2.812 p < .05) respectively. Women had also a significant difference concerning depression comorbidity, with more women (21,2%) suffering from depressive disorder than men (5,4%), chi square test = 9.578 p < .05.

Conclusions

Analysis revealed that female gender is a significant risk factor for negative feelings and depressive comorbidity among patients with DM.
1415 – Psychological Mechanisms In Formation Of Non-psychotic Mental Disorders In Patients With Primary Hypothyroidism
Authors: Kuzhda I.
Published: July 2013

On the point of view of systemic approach we consider that non- psychotic mental disorders are developing on the basis of both organic and adaptation levels. According today investigations psychiatrists distinguish both psychological and intrapsychic levels of adaptation. The task of our work was to investigate mechanisms of psychological defense in patients with primary hypothyroidism with non-psychotic mental disorders. Totally 132 patients with primary hypothyroidism patients were ranged. 108 patients accounted for 81,12% of the total number of monitored, was to provide various forms of non-psychotic mental disorders: astheno-depressive (32,41), asthenic (27,78%) and astheno-anxious (18,52%). In 23 patients (12,04%) anxiousdepressive syndrome, and 10 (9.25%) developed hypochondrical syndrome. In the study the adopted method of assessment typology of psychological defense was used. In asthenic syndrome we found excessive functioning of negation and regression, inadequate functioning of intellectualization. In patients with astheno-anxious syndrome inadequate functioning of negation, intellectualization, compensation, and excessive repression contributed to the formation of the sensations of anxiety. Excessive compensation, projection, reactive formation generally affected the structure of the asteno-depressive syndrome. The lack of displacing of reactive formation, repression and excessive intellectualization in a complex influenced to the structuring of anxious-depressive syndrome. In hypochondrical syndrome projection, regression and negation were the basis of the formation of clinical picture. Thus, meaningful relationships between intrapsychic level of functioning and syndromological structure of non-psychotic disorders were installed and highlighted the basic mechanisms of protection, that affect the formation of a clinical picture.
1425 – Regressions Of Cognitive, Personality And Family Variables In Iranian Patients With Migraine Headache
Authors: Johari Fard R. , Goli F. , Bromand A. , Scheidt C.E.
Published: July 2013

Migraine is one of the problems that has debilitating pain, and effects on all aspects of life, including the function of the academic, social and family life of patients. Smith (1996), also, has been shown the effects of migraine on family members such as patient's relationships with spouse, children and other family members.

In addition migraineurs tend to have high levels of depression and anxiety, and migraine headaches have a profoundly negative impact on sufferers’ quality of life (Johari Fard, 2011).

In this research we investigated the regressions of cognitive, personality and family variables with migraine headache, to find predictor variables of migraine.

In this study, we used these questionnaires: For migraine: six-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6;Kosinski et al, 2003), Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire; Christine et al, 2012). For cognitive variables: Irrational Beliefs Test; (Jones, 1968) and Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale; (Beck et al, 1991),for personality variables: NEO inventory (Mccrae & Costa, 1985) for family variables: Family Assessment Device (Epstein et al,1983).

This project was on 58 women with migraine headache, diagnosed by neurologist. The findings show that, there is significant regression between cognitive, personality and family variables and HIT-6. In cognitive variables: frustration reactivity, anxious overconcern, in personality variables, extraversion trait and in family variables, affective involvement are significant. Also, there is significant regression between cognitive, personality and family variables and MSQ.In cognitive variables: frustration reactivity, anxious overconcern, and helplessness, in personality variables, agreeableness and consciousness and in family variables, affective involvement and general functioning are significant.
1426 – Anorexia Nervosa Restrictive Type And Visuospatial And Visuoconstructive Abilities. From a Clinical Study Of Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Cholet J. , Lambert S. , Vénisse J.-L. , Grall-Bronnec M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Recently the cognitive profile of restrictive anorexia nervosa patients, particularly visuospatial and constructive abilities, raised the interest of researchers as a maintenance factor of the disorder. This study focuses specifically on the impairment of these complex executive functions.

Materials and methods

Only patients hospitalized in our department for restrictive anorexia nervosa restrictive type (AN-R) could participate in the study. They had to fulfill self-report questionnaires assessing anxiety and depression and had to achieve a battery of neuropsychological tests (the Rey Complex Figure (RCF), the Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT) and the span test).

Results

21 patients participated in the study. The average age was 20.62 years (σ = 5.39) and body mass index (BMI) was 14.67 (σ = 0.93). In this sample, the distribution of the copy of the RCF corresponds to the normal distribution for age 7 to 12 years. Visual memory (recall of the RCF) is impaired. The inhibition score of the HSCT is higher than normal. The mean score on the span task is at −0.68 standard derivation. Only the inhibition score of the HSCT is positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.46).

Discussion

These results highlight a lack of visuospatial and visuoconstructive capacities and a lack of cognitive inhibition in patients with AN-R. These results can be integrated in an impairment of central coherence. Therapeutic perspectives that emerge would focus on the central coherence, i.e cognitive remediation. It is then necessary to improve knowledge on the cognitive profile.
1431 – Effect Of Cigarette Smoking In Male Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Olanzapine
Authors: Zivkovic N. , Djokic G. , Bajovic B. , Zoric K. , Lekovic J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Patients with schizophrenia have elevated rates of cigarette smoking, and difficulty in smoking cessation. Cigarette smoking may reduce plasma levels of antipsychotics up to 50%.

Objective

To investigate effects of cigarette smoking in olanzapine treatment of schizophrenia.

Methods

91 patients with schizophrenia, aged 18-51, were divided into four groups. Control group (25 patients) and experimental groups: E1, 1-20 cigarettes/24h (23 patients), E2, 21-40 cigarettes/24h (22 patients) and E3, 40+ cigarettes/24h (21 patients). Patients were observed for one year period. Patients were assessed by Positive and Negative Symptom Schedule Scale (PANSS) at baseline and after one year.

Results

No significant differences were found for PANSS score at baseline (p = 0.535). PANSS reduction at study endpoint was significant in all groups (p < 0.001). PANSS reduction was highest in non-smokers group 65.5%, and lowest in group of heavy smokers (40+ cigarettes/24h) 39.2%. There is a statistically significant difference in PANSS reduction between nonsmokers group and all smokers groups (p < 0.001). There is a statistically significant difference in PANSS reduction between E1 and E2, and E1 and E3 group (p < 0.001), and no difference between E2 and E3 group (p = 0.414). There is a statistically significant difference in olanzapine average daily dose after one year between non-smokers group and all smokers groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Olanzapine therapy is most efficient in non-smokers group. Smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day significantly reduces effects of olanzapine therapy. Average daily dose of olanzapine is significantly lower in non-smokers group than in all three groups of smokers.
1435 – Parasuicidalis Behaviour: Violent And Nonviolent
Authors: Novakovic M.P. , Marić J. , Despotović V. , Maksimovic Z. , Stevanović O. , Novaković R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Parasuicidals behaviour is an urgent state in psychiatry and it occurs in different forms as the first or recidival attempt.

Aim

The aim is to prove the difference in frequency in presuicidal conditions together with sociodemographical and psychopathological predictors during the period from January 1st 2001 to December 31st 2010.

Method

Subjects have been divided into two groups depending of the way they Parasuicidals behaviour: violent (N = 75) and nonviolent (N = 75) in multicentric prospective observation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The following instruments have been premortally used: list of general data (ICD-10 criteria); personal features test (EPQ-Eysenck HJ); test of depressiveness (HDRS-Hamilton M); emotional index test (P.I.E. Plutchik R) and postmor-tally: SSIPA interview. Results were analysed using descriptive and multivariant analyses.

Results

Multivariant analysis has showed the highest difference between groups in a violent group comparing to a nonviolent one (P = 0.001) in a treatment length [OR = 0.950 (95%), CI 0.710 -970], compliance [OR = 0.810(95%), CI 0.780 - 1.050], severity of depression [OR = 0. 825 (95%), CI 0.650 -1.340] and motivation [OR = 0.750 (95%), CI = 0.835-1.150].

Conclusion

Parasuicidals behaviour performance have not shown statistically significant difference. This study has shown the difference in the length of treatment (duration of disease), cooperation with therapeutic team, depression worsening regardless its origin and motivations for social adaptations and participation. Patients with more expressed mentioned predictors, were attempting suicide faster, regardless therapeutical treatment.
1436 – Group Psychoeducational Intervention For Parents Of Individuals With Schizophrenia And Parents Of Individuals With Aytism: a Comparative Study
Authors: Tsiouri I. , Gena A. , Mouzas O.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Families of individuals with schizophrenia and autism experience similar stressors in their everyday life. Research shows that working with families of people with schizophrenia is effective in reducing family burden and distress levels, through structured psychoeducational interventions. These interventions are delivered in individual family or group family design. However, psychoeducational interventions have not been widely implemented in standard clinical practice, while there is limited research on the effectiveness of psychoeducation in parents of children with autism.

Objectives

Psychoeducational interventions are organized around two primary objectives:

a)

provision of information about the nature and treatment of the disorder and

b)

teaching family members problem-solving, communication skills and behavior management techniques.

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare and contrast the efficacy of group psychoeducational intervention in reducing family burden and in improving communication and problem solving skills, when applied to two groups of parents of individuals with schizophrenia and of children with autism.

Methods

Eight parents of individuals with schizophrenia and six parents of children with autism participated in two group psychoeducational programs. Twenty three group sessions were conducted for each group. Pre and post treatment measures included qualitative assessment of knowledge about the nature of the disorder of their offspring and social stigma, as well as psychometric measurement of family burden, family rituals, family communication and general family functioning.

Results and conclusions

Quantitative and qualitative data on the effectiveness of each group psychoeducational intervention, as well comparative data between the two groups will be discussed.
1437 – Role Of Depressive Symptoms In Clinical Presentation And Functioning Of Patients With Somatic Symptoms
Authors: Elanjithara T. , Rohricht F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

In primary care, difficulty to distinguish somatic syndromes from depression with somatic symptoms is recognised. In somatoform disorders co-morbid depression and anxiety have an additive detrimental effect on level of functioning.

Aim

To investigate role of depressive symptoms in somatic presentations and elucidate its impact on level of functioning.

Method

Cohort is 106 consecutive patients referred to a specialist somatoform disorder clinic as part of a naturalistic follow- up study. Tools used included Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD), Patient Health Questioner (PHQ-15), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).

Results

26% of cohort had only depressive disorder (ICD-10 F32-34, 38), 44% had a somatic syndrome (F 44-45, 48), 10% with anxiety or psychotic disorders and 20% had no mental disorders. 34% of somatic syndrome had co-morbidities, mainly depressive disorder. No significant difference in HAMD, PHQ-15 and GAF, seen between diagnostic groups. In the somatic syndrome group, HAMD and PHQ-15 scores negatively correlated with GAF (functioning) (t = -4.5, df = 1, p = 0.0001 and t = -2.3, df = 1, p = 0.04). When HAMD along with PHQ-15, age, gender, co-morbidity and medication-use entered in a multiple regression model, HAMD score was the only significant parameter (F = 17, t-4.2, df = 1, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

A considerable number of patients with severe somatic symptoms and functional impairment have depressive disorder. In patients with somatic syndrome, depressive symptoms (even sub-syndromal) appear to influence the level of functioning and mediate the effect of somatic symptoms on level of functioning. This finding may have implication in treatment and needs establishing.
1439 – Translation And Validation Study Of The Satisfaction With Life Scale (swls) In Greek General Population, Diabetes Mellitus And Patients With Emotional Disorders
Authors: Lyrakos G.N. , Xatziagelaki E. , Papazafiropoulou A.K. , Batistaki C. , Damigos D. , Mathianakis G. , Bousboulas S. , Spinaris V.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) is a brief five-item measure of global life satisfaction rated on a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). It is noted as one of the most popular scales in the measurement of life satisfaction.

Objectives

To test the psychometric properties of SWLS.

Aims

To create a valid measurement, easy to use for primary care and during treatment assessment in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), emotional disorder (ED) and general population (GP).

Methods

Translation of SWLS was performed using the multiple forward and backward translation protocol. Life orientation test (GrLOT-R), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), was also administered to check construct validity of SWLS.

Results

809 adults participated, 175 (21.6%) male, 634 (78.4%) female. The total scale of the SWLS had a coefficient alpha of .831. Item - total correlations where from .253-.783. Factor analysis has supported a unidimensional model with 1 factor explaining 68% of the total variance. Mean scores differed significantly between GP (M = 21 ± 6.3), DM (19.1 ± 6.2) and ED (M = 17.2 ± 6.9) (Mean differences = 1.847 and 3.723 p < .001 respectively). There was significant negative correlation with stress (r = -.297 p < .001), anxiety (-.297 p < .001) and depression (r = -.499 p < .001) and positive correlation with GrLOT-R (r = .499 p < .001).

Conclusions

The results of the current validation study suggest that the Greek translation of the SWLS is both reliable and valid, with good construct and discriminant validity and psychometric properties close to those reported in the international literature.
1441 – Promising Contributions Of a Phenomenological Enquire Of Intersubjectivity: The Intersubjective Data In Psychiatric Diagnosis And Research
Authors: Madeira L.A. , Figueira M.L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Intersubjective experience and phenomena addressed in psychiatric diagnosis are not available to standard scientific research. Many authors focused on intersubjectivity and the analysis of their work helps informing and clarifying how to address these facts.

Objectives

This presentation aims to review the works of A. Shultz, C. Jaspers, F. Buytendijk, M. Heidegger, M Scheler (and others) on intersubjectivity in a phenomenological standpoint.

Aims

Approaching intersubjectivity from a phenomenological standpoint and its relations with current problems of psychiatric diagnosis and research.

Methods

Selective analysis of literature on phenomenological enquires of intersubjectivity in the field of Philosophy and Psychiatry

Results

Research in psychopathology and psychiatry must neither treat intersubjective data as residuum nor try and reify data that resists reductionism and mechanistic explanations. Intersubjectivity is inherent to the meaning of psychopathological understanding and phenomena

Conclusions

There is need for new methods of enquire for many data in psychiatry. Researchers and clinicians must find new ways to deal with psychiatric objects and with relational data.
1446 – Perspectives On Staff Factors And Aggression In a Forensic Psychiatric Setting In Denmark: Using The Staff Observation Aggression Scale- Revised (soas-r)
Authors: Reinhardt S.M. , Hansen N.W.
Published: July 2013

Aim

To illustrate different perspectives on staff factors and aggression in forensic psychiatry.

Material and method

The study was conducted in a forensic psychiatric setting at Psychiatric Centre Sankt Hans. It utilizes data from the three year period between 2008 and 2010. Staff Observation Aggression Scale - Revised (SOAS-R) is used to examine aggressive incidents during the period mentioned.

Results

Out of 244 employees in a three year period and based on 1507 incidents, 91.6 % have registered at least one aggressive incident. The primary target for aggression was the staff in 64.4 % of the incidents.

74.8 % of the staff were women and the majority of the staff were RN and nurse-aids. According to gender differences we found no significant differences in reported incidents (OR 1.27 p = 0.818). Regarding the severity score there were no significant gender differences (p = 0.41). The length of employment has no impact on the severity score (p = 0.269). We found a minor but significant negative correlation (r = -0.262 p = < 0.01) between length of employment and the number of reported aggressive incidents.

Conclusion

Our findings show that the staff is the primary target of aggression, and the majority of the staff is experiencing aggression as part of the job. We found no significant differences related to the gender of the staff, but we found that length of employment has an impact on the numbers of reported aggressive incidents, indicating underreporting and possibly cultural adaptation to some extent.
1448 – Personal Values And Meanings In Personality Style Of Self-regulation Of Persons With Adjustment Disorders And Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Perepravina Y.
Published: July 2013

The paper is based on the conception of affective-cognitive personality style (Sokolova E.T.), the conception of personal values and meanings (Leontiev D.A., Bratus’ B.S., Zeigarnik B.V.), Kohlbeg‘s theory of stages of moral development. Research goal: to study the personal values and meanings and find out the influence of cognitive and emotional factors.

Cognitive factors of personality style: cognitive differentiation, thinking (the pathology of thinking, Zeigarnik B.V.), coping, stage of moral development.

We considered defense mechanisms as emotional factors.

Research target: personality style of self-regulation in persons with adjustment disorders and suicidal behavior. Research subject: personal values and meanings relate to components of personality style of self-regulation in persons with adjustment disorders and suicidal behavior. The research methods: the Rorschach test using Lerner‘s defense scale, Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), Purpose-in-Life Test (Leontiev D.A.) Life Style Index (LSI), Draw-A-Person Test, the method «Proverb» (modified), the method «Pictogram» (modified), Kohlberg‘s Moral dilemmas (modified).

The main conclusions:

1.

Persons with adjustment disorders and suicidal behavior differ from conventional norm by deficiency of personal values and meanings and lesser maturity of moral self-consciousness.

2.

Personal values and meanings is based on the system abnormal cognitive and emotional factors. Personal values and meanings relate to less mature moral self-consciousness is the dysfunctional personality style.

3.

There is abnormal interrelation of personal values and meanings and the system abnormal cognitive and emotional components of personality style.
1469 – Integrative Narcology: New Strategy For The Improvement Of Therapeutic Programs
Authors: Sosin I. , Burmaka N. , Chuev Y. , Dvoryak S.
Published: July 2013

Recently, due to social, ecological and endoecological factors, pathomorphism in narcological pathological conditions has determined formation of a new scientific and applied concept - integrative narcology. Item phasized new strategies in improvement of addictology medical programs based on international experience extrapolation.

Principal tasks of integrative narcology centres include reduction of negative consequences resulted from psychoactive substances long-term intake, lowering the risk of chronic comorbidity, decreasing the harm caused by narcotization and polypragmasy at uncoordinated isolated services.

Integrative narcology aims at a complex expert approach to treatment of combined postintoxication somatoneurological disorders in one drug- and alcohol-addict.

Integrative medicine main concept is bound together by the evidence-based medicine methods, emergency urgent and intensive therapy aids with drug-free, medication and rehabilitation-restorative programs. Statement of the mentioned problems is extremely important for the health of a patient and society in general.

The first pilot trial in Ukraine of the patterns for integrated complex therapeutic aid were based on the cohorts of the HIV- infected opioid addicts, patients with comorbidity (tuberculosis, chroniosepsis, hepatites, cardiomyopathy, epilepsy, depression). Activity of the centres includes methods with detoxication, anticraving, immunomodulation therapeutic effects connecting with different medical subjects: nanotechnological modifications of membrane plasmapheresis, laser therapy, hyperbaric oxygenation, ozone therapeutics, acupuncture, psychotherapy, transcranial electrostimulation methods, sorption detoxication, craniocerebralhypothermy, extremal cryopuncture, general ultralow dosage hypothermy, etc.

Conclusion

Joined efforts of experts within integrative narcology built on new concepts ensure more effective humanization of therapeutic approaches,“doctor - patient” positive compliance and improve life quality of the respondents.
1485 – Evaluation Of The Effect Of Specialized Group Therapy On Sexual Problems In Women With a History Of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Kristensen E. , Lau M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction and objectives

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is most often associated with sexual problems in adult women. Specialized group therapy is often referred to as the treatment of choice targeting squeal in adults with a history of CSA, but the therapy as well as the outcome measures seldom addresses the sexual problems specifically.

Aims

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of specialized group therapy on sexual function in women with a history of intrafamilial child sexual abuse (CSA).

Methods

This prospective multicentre pre-post study of women with a history of hands-on intrafamilial CSA referred to the psychiatric clinics for specialized group therapy included 158 women. Data concerning social and psychological functioning, body image, and current sexual life were collected using self-rating questionnaires and conducting a clinical interview before and after group therapy.

Results

Data were available pre and post treatment for 132 women. There was some effect on unspecific sexual problems and sexual dysfunctions. Still, at the end of treatment nearly half of the women were unsatisfied with their sexual life, and among sexual active women half had still sexual dysfunction. Especially dyspareunia and orgasmic dysfunction were common.

Conclusions

The present study showed that women with a history of intrafamilial CSA who had completed specialized group therapy still have many sexual problems and may need psychosexual therapy. This need to be taken in consideration When designing treatment programs.

References: Lau M, Kristensen E. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 2007;116:96-104.

Kristensen E, Lau M. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 2011;26(3):229-241.
1502 – Complete Voice Loss And The Quality Of Life In Patients With Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Stepanyan T. , Gevorgyan D.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Complete voice loss after total laryngectomy represents an important factor influencing the quality of life (QoL) in patients with laryngeal cancer.

Objectives

To compare the QoL of the patients after total laryngectomy with the patients after partial laryngeal resection.

Methods

SF-36 Health Survey was used. The patients (aged 45-60, males) were divided into three groups: control group (n=23), partial laryngeal resection (n=22) and total laryngectomy (n=21). The following scales were used: physical functioning (PF), role-physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH): physical health cluster, and vitality (VT), social functioning (SF), role-emotional (RE), mental health (MH): mental health cluster.

Results

The analysis of the obtained data showed impaired social-psychological functioning and well-being of the patients with laryngeal cancer compared to control group. Thus, the investigated parameters of physical health were decreased by 23,7%, and those of mental health by 22,7%. Interestingly, the group of patients with complete voice loss had impaired QoL compared to patients after partial resection. Thus, the decrease in parameters of physical and mental health in the group after total laryngectomy compared to the patients after partial resection was 12,7% and 5,5%, respectively.

Conclusion

Our study proves that QoL of the patients with laryngeal cancer is significantly lower compared with the control group. The voice loss negatively influences the QoL, which is proved by impairment of all investigated parameters in the group of patients after total laryngectomy compared to patients after partial resection.
1505 – Checkmate To Adhd: a Prospective, Open Label Study
Authors: Blasco-Fontecilla H. , González M. , García-López R. , Poza B. , Otero J. , Blasco-de la Cruz L.
Published: July 2013

Objective

The objective of the present study was to examine the short-term effectiveness of a 11-week chess training course for children with ADHD. This is a naturalistic, descriptive clinical intervention study.

Methods

Sample and procedure: Parents of 44 children between 6 and 17 of age with a primary diagnosis of ADHD consented to take part into the present study. Parents completed the Spanish version of the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Scale for parents (SNAP-IV) and the the Abbreviated Conners Rating Scales for parents (CPRS-HI) prior to 11-week chess training course. Statistical Analyses: We used a paired t test statistic to compare pre- to post- intervention outcomes, and Cohen-d calculations to measure the magnitude of the effect. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05.

Results

After 11 weeks of these pilot programme, more than 80% of children showed improvement in the severity of ADHD. T-test revealed that children with ADHD improved in both the SNAP-IV (t=6.23; d.f.=41; p< 0.001) and the CPRS-HI (5.39; d.f.=33; p< 0.001). Our results suggest a large effect in decreasing the severity of ADHD as measured by the SNAP-IV (d=0.96) and the CPRS-HI (d=0.92)
1506 – Gender Differences In Working Memory Among Kuwaiti Children
Authors: Alansari B.M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The ability to maintain relevant information mentally while performing complex cognitive tasks, e.g. decision making, reading comprehension, and problem solving, memorizing a poem or even driving a car is conceptualized as Working Memory (WM), which became a workspace to general mental functioning. Nevertheless, as to yet, this topic is relatively ignored in literature in the Arab World.

Objectives

The aim of the current investigation was to explore gender related differences in WM performance among Kuwaiti children.

Methods

The participants were 200 Kuwaiti pupils living in Farwaniyah governorate. The participants aged 128.76 ±6.75 months (100 girls aged 128.76 ±6.75 months and 100 boys aged 128.76 ±6.75 months. Moreover, the participants were identical in age, economic level and school grade. All participants in the two groups were compared on how they performed in the Automated Working Memory Assessment (AWMA), a computerized instrument developed by Alloway (2007). Independent Sample t Test was used to examine gender differences in WM performance.

Results

The mean score for visuospatial WM boys and girls samples (13.95±4.43) and (9.23 ±4.07) respectively. It was significantly lower in girls (t=7.85, p< .001). Also, the mean score for verbal WM boys and girls samples (15.75±4.01) and (10.94 ±5.12) respectively. It was significantly lower in girls (t=7.40, p< .001).

Conclusion

Gender differences in working memory capacity exist. Results showed that gender contributed to the variations in WM resources, which were efficient among the Kuwaiti children. This warrants further investigation.
1508 – Association Study Of The Dio2 Gene As a Susceptibility Candidate For Schizophrenia In The Turkish Population; a Case-control Study
Authors: Colak A. , Akan G. , Oncu F. , Yanbay H. , Acar S. , Yesilbursa D. , Turkcan S. , Atalar F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Schizophrenia (SCH) is one of the major and potentially severe mental illness that is characterized by both genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Thyroid hormone plays an important role in the development of the brain and nervous system both in the basic process of neurogenesis and of terminal brain differentiation. Type II deiodinase (DIO2) enzyme which has a critical role on thyroid hormone metabolism to convert pro-hormone thyroxine (T4) to the active hormone triiodothyronine (T3). Recently, DIO2 gene variations have been identified in association with mental disorders.

Methods

To investigate the potential genetic contribution of the DIO2 gene to SCH, we studied DIO2 Thr92Ala (rs225014) and ORFa-Gly3Asp (rs12885300) polymorphisms in a Turkish cohort of 290 unrelated SCH patients and 198 healthy controls. All subjects were genotyped by Taqman SNP genotyping assays.

Results

Single marker analysis showed a positive association of SCH and rs225014. Particularly, Thr92Ala genotype frequency was significantly higher in patients with SCH than controls (p=0.045) and in male patients with SCH, both allele and genotype frequencies were significantly higher compared to male controls (p=0.03). Allele and genotype frequencies of ORFa- Gly3Asp polymorphism were no different within the study group.

Conclusion

These data show a potential role of DIO2 as a candidate gene for susceptibility to SCH and provide a strong evidence for a role of the DIO2 Thr92Ala allele and genotype in the etiopathogenesis of SCH with sexual difference.
1524 – Personality Disorders And Previous Suicide Attempts: a Psychological Autopsy Study
Authors: Giner L. , de la Vega D.C. , Barranco E. , Ruíz C. , Guija J. , Rico A. , Marín R. , Giner J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Suicide is a major public health problem. Although suicide statistics have always been difficult to determine, there is no doubt that deaths caused by this psychiatric challenge are similar to the ones caused by homicide or road traffic injuries. The presence of a personality disorder has often been related to suicide.

Objectives

In the present work we analyze the presence of personality disorders (PD) in suicide victims and controls, in order to determinate such axis II disorders were more common in the suicide group.

Methods

We compared the results of two samples (271 suicides and 142 sudden-death controls), which were studied using a psychological autopsy. Personality disorders were diagnosed using the SCID-II. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software 19.0 version.

Results

Although age differences were found between both groups, they were almost not statistically significant (p=0’049). There were no differences in gender results (p=0’289). The prevalence of PD was statistically significant (p=0’00) among the suicide group. When we studied the suicide group, we found that the existence of previous suicide attempts and PD was statistically significant also.

Conclusions

Although PD were more frequent among suicide victims, we found that PD also had more previous suicide attempts. Therefore, the presence of more PD among suicide victims may be due to the higher rates of suicide attempts