bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controllable Electrical Properties of ZrO2/BiFeO3 Bilayer Memristor from Synaptic Mimic to TRNG Circuit Application by Modulating Compliance Currents
Authors: Jin Yaoyao , Zhu Ming , Zhou Yuhong , Zhang Zihao , Wang Jinzhao , Song Xingjuan , Meng Jiahao , Ke Shanwu , Zhang Tianyi , Chen Siqi , Li Ruiqi , Jiang Bei , Ye Cong
Published: May 2024

Apart from simulating biological synapses, memristors can also be used in the secure encryption by exploiting their inherent random resistive switching (RS) properties. In this work, nonvolatile Ta/BiFeO3/ZrO2/Pt memristor is fabricated with 2 nm inserting BiFeO3 layer. At a high compliance current of 10 mA, it presents gradual RS characteristics during the set process, which resulting in 30 conductance states. Synaptic behavior can be successfully mimicked by precise conductance modulating under pulse electrical stimulation. Whereas under a low compliance current of 500 µA, it exhibits abrupt RS behavior, and the set voltage ranged from 0.3–0.8 V, which can be effectively as an entropy source for true random number generator (TRNG). Due to its Shannon entropy of 300 bits is 0.99987, Hamming weights and intra‐Hamming distances tend to be 50%. Furthermore, the software simulation of encryption and decryption of cat image is achieved by combining the key generated by TRNG. The controllable electrical properties of the Ta/BiFeO3/ZrO2/Pt device can be modulated by the compliance current, thus meeting the computing or safety requirements, which provides a solid foundation for the development of integrating computation and security at the hardware level.
Determination and Engineering of Li‐Ion Tortuosity in Electrode Toward High Performance of Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yan Ziwen , Wang Li , Zhang Hao , He Xiangming
Published: May 2024

With the progressively widespread application of lithium‐ion batteries, their energy density and power density are being pursued to the extremely high. However, both cannot be reached simultaneously at present. Tortuosity depicts the relationship in ionic diffusion between bulk electrolyte and the electrolyte in a porous electrode, provides information about channels within electrodes, and correlates the current dilemma between energy density and power capability of the lithium‐ion batteries. It is crucial to upgrade the fast charging and discharging performance of LIBs electrodes without losing volumetric energy density and using tortuosity as a guide is able to achieve this goal fundamentally. Meanwhile, tortuosity can serve as an evaluation parameter for production quality assessment, but this demands a fast, accurate, and cost‐effective measuring method. After the definition and measurement of tortuosity are provided, this article analyzes the structural influencing factors of tortuosity which have impacts on ion transportation and subsequently on tortuosity to facilitate a more systematic and comprehensive picture. Through the discussion of contradictions and influencing factors, a more refined transmission line model (the refined TLM) is perceived as the very first step to drive both aforementioned goals toward success and is discussed in the perspective part.
Tailoring Electrochemical Water Oxidation Activity from the Isostructural Series of Alkaline‐Stable Bimetallic Fe,Ni‐Azolate Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Kim Minseok , Jeong Jaewoo , Kim Dong Hyun , Park Geunchan , Yi Jaekyung , Kim Sinhyeop , Kim Hyungjun , Choi Chang Hyuck , Shin Hyeyoung , Park Sarah S.
Published: May 2024

Incorporating electrocatalytic active sites into the reticular framework allows for the design of novel catalytic structures promoting desired catalytic reactions with efficient mass transfer. However, to fully exploit the advantages of such a framework, it is crucial to ensure the electrochemical stability of the material. In this context, alkaline‐stable bimetallic MxNi2‐xCl2BTDD (M = Fe, Co) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are employed as electrocatalysts for alkaline water oxidation reaction (WOR) to understand the correlation between secondary metal incorporation and catalytic activity changes. For a specific Fe ratio within the MOF, the optimal catalytic activity is achieved at an overpotential of 315 mV at a WOR current density of 10 mA cm−2geo. Based on its well‐defined crystal structure and uniformly arranged metal nodes, which are not limited to specific facets, the cooperative electrocatalytic mechanism during the faradaic WOR process is investigated through operando Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. These results enable the interpretation of the electrochemical WOR mechanism based on MOF, providing a further fundamental understanding of electrocatalytic activity in bimetallic systems.
Peripheral blood stem cell versus bone marrow graft for patients ≥60 years undergoing reduced intensity conditioning haploidentical transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in complete remission: An analysis of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Devillier Raynier , Galimard Jacques‐Emmanuel , Blaise Didier , Raiola Anna Maria , Bramanti Stefania , Grillo Giovanni , Pastano Rocco , de Latour Régis Peffault , Busca Alessandro , López‐Corral Lucía , Rodríguez Arancha Bermúdez , Schmid Christoph , Forcade Edouard , Vydra Jan , Solano Carlos , Bug Gesine , Neubauer Andreas , Charbonnier Amandine , Brissot Eolia , Nagler Arnon , Ciceri Fabio , Mohty Mohamad
Published: May 2024

In the context of T‐cell replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo‐SCT) using post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT‐Cy), it is still unknown whether peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow (BM) is the best graft source. While PB is associated with a higher incidence of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), it may induce a stronger graft‐versus‐leukemia effect compared to BM, notably in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). From the EBMT registry database, we compared T‐cell replete PB (n = 595) versus BM (n = 209) grafts in a large cohort of 804 patients over the age of 60 years who underwent Haplo‐SCT with PT‐Cy for an AML in first or second complete remission. The risk of acute GVHD was significantly higher in the PB group (Grade II‐IV: HR = 1.67, 95% CI [1.10–2.54], p = 0.01; Grade III‐IV: HR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.16–4.54], p = 0.02). No significant difference was observed in chronic GVHD or non‐relapse mortality. In the PB group, the risk of relapse was significantly lower in the PB group (HR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.45–0.94], p = 0.02) and leukemia‐free survival was significantly better (HR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.59–0.99], p = 0.04), with a trend toward better overall survival (HR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.60–1.01], p = 0.06). We conclude that in the specific context of Haplo‐SCT with PT‐Cy, PB grafts represent a valid option to decrease the risk of relapse and improve outcome of older AML patients who usually do not benefit from conditioning intensification.
A TrkB and TrkC partial agonist restores deficits in synaptic function and promotes activity‐dependent synaptic and microglial transcriptomic changes in a late‐stage Alzheimer's mouse model
Authors: Latif‐Hernandez Amira , Yang Tao , Butler Robert R. , Losada Patricia Moran , Minhas Paras S. , White Halle , Tran Kevin C. , Liu Harry , Simmons Danielle A. , Langness Vanessa , Andreasson Katrin I. , Wyss‐Coray Tony , Longo Frank M.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Tropomyosin related kinase B (TrkB) and C (TrkC) receptor signaling promotes synaptic plasticity and interacts with pathways affected by amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity. Upregulating TrkB/C signaling could reduce Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related degenerative signaling, memory loss, and synaptic dysfunction.

METHODS

PTX‐BD10‐2 (BD10‐2), a small molecule TrkB/C receptor partial agonist, was orally administered to aged London/Swedish‐APP mutant mice (APPL/S) and wild‐type controls. Effects on memory and hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) were assessed using electrophysiology, behavioral studies, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, and RNA sequencing.

RESULTS

In APPL/S mice, BD10‐2 treatment improved memory and LTP deficits. This was accompanied by normalized phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt), calcium‐calmodulin–dependent kinase II (CaMKII), and AMPA‐type glutamate receptors containing the subunit GluA1; enhanced activity‐dependent recruitment of synaptic proteins; and increased excitatory synapse number. BD10‐2 also had potentially favorable effects on LTP‐dependent complement pathway and synaptic gene transcription.

DISCUSSION

BD10‐2 prevented APPL/S/Aβ‐associated memory and LTP deficits, reduced abnormalities in synapse‐related signaling and activity‐dependent transcription of synaptic genes, and bolstered transcriptional changes associated with microglial immune response.

Highlights

Small molecule modulation of tropomyosin related kinase B (TrkB) and C (TrkC) restores long‐term potentiation (LTP) and behavior in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model.

Modulation of TrkB and TrkC regulates synaptic activity‐dependent transcription.

TrkB and TrkC receptors are candidate targets for translational therapeutics.

Electrophysiology combined with transcriptomics elucidates synaptic restoration.

LTP identifies neuron and microglia AD‐relevant human‐mouse co‐expression modules.
Evidence for a novel neuronal mechanism driving Alzheimer's disease, upstream of amyloid
Authors: Garcia Ratés Sara , García‐Ayllón María‐Salud , Falgàs Neus , Brangman Sharon A. , Esiri Margaret M , Coen Clive W. , Greenfield Susan Adele
Published: May 2024

This perspective offers an alternative to the amyloid hypothesis in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We review evidence for a novel signaling mechanism based on a little‐known peptide, T14. T14 could drive neurodegeneration as an aberrantly activated process of plasticity selective to interconnecting subcortical nuclei, the isodendritic core, where cell loss starts at the pre‐symptomatic stages of the disease. Each of these cell groups has the capacity to form T14, which can stimulate production of p‐Tau and β‐amyloid, suggestive of an upstream driver of neurodegeneration. Moreover, results in an animal AD model show that antagonism of T14 with a cyclated variant, NBP14, prevents formation of β‐amyloid, and restores cognitive function to that of wild‐type counterparts. Any diagnostic and/or therapeutic strategy based on T14‐NBP14 awaits validation in clinical trials. However, an understanding of this novel signaling system could bring much‐needed fresh insights into the progression of cell loss underlying AD.

Highlights

The possible primary mechanism of neurodegeneration upstream of amyloid.

Primary involvement of selectively vulnerable subcortical nuclei, isodendritic core.

Bioactive peptide T14 trophic in development but toxic in context of mature brain.

Potential for early‐stage biomarker to detect Alzheimer's disease.

Effective therapeutic halting neurodegeneration, validated already in 5XFAD mice.
Association of cognitive reserve with transitions across cognitive states and death in older adults: A 15‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Li Yuanjing , Dekhtyar Serhiy , Grande Giulia , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Gregorio Caterina , Laukka Erika J. , Qiu Chengxuan
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

We investigated the association of cognitive reserve (CR) with transitions across cognitive states and death.

METHODS

This population‐based cohort study included 2631 participants (age ≥60 years) who were dementia‐free at baseline and regularly examined up to 15 years. Data were analyzed using the Markov multistate models.

RESULTS

Each 1‐point increase in the composite CR score (range: ‐4.25 to 3.46) was significantly associated with lower risks of transition from normal cognition to cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) (multivariable‐adjusted hazards ratio = 0.78; 95% confidence interval = 0.72–0.85) and death (0.85; 0.79–0.93), and from CIND to death (0.82; 0.73–0.91), but not from CIND to normal cognition or dementia. A greater composite CR score was associated with a lower risk of transition from CIND to death in people aged 60‐72 but not in those aged ≥ 78 years.

DISCUSSION

CR contributes to cognitive health by delaying cognitive deterioration in the prodromal phase of dementia.

Highlights

We use Markov multistate model to examine the association between cognitive reserve and transitions across cognitive states and death.

A great cognitive reserve contributes to cognitive health by delaying cognitive deterioration in the prodromal phase of dementia.

A great cognitive reserve is associated with a lower risk of transition from cognitive impairment, no dementia to death in people at the early stage of old age, but not in those at the late stage of old age.
Semiquantum Key Distribution Using Initial States in Only One Basis Without the Classical User Measuring
Authors: Liang Xueying , Zou Xiangfu , Wang Xin , Zheng Shenggen , Rong Zhenbang , Huang Zhiming , Liu Jianfeng , Chen Ying , Wu Jianxiong
Published: May 2024

From the perspective of resource theory, it is interesting to achieve the same quantum task using as few quantum resources as possible. Semiquantum key distribution (SQKD), which allows a quantum user to share a confidential key with a classical user who prepares and operates qubits on only one basis, is an important example for studying this issue. To further limit the quantum resources used by users, in this paper, the first SQKD protocol is constructed, which restricts the quantum user to prepare quantum states on only one basis and removes the classical user's measurement capability. Furthermore, it is proven that the constructed protocol is secure against the restricted attack by deriving a key rate expression of the error rate in the asymptotic scenario. The work in this paper provides inspiration for achieving quantum superiority with minimal quantum resources.
Transmissions in Gapped Graphene Exposed to Tilting and Oscillating Barriers
Authors: Mekkaoui Miloud , Jellal Ahmed , Mouhafid Abderrahim El
Published: May 2024

The transmissions of fermions are investigated through gapped graphene structures by employing a combination of double barrier tilting and a time‐oscillating potential. The latter introduces additional sidebands into the transmission probability that manifest at energy levels determined by the frequency and incident energy. These sidebands arise from the absorption or emission of photons generated by the oscillating potential. It is demonstrated that the tilting and positioning of the scattering events within the barriers play a crucial role in determining the peak of tunneling resistance. In particular, the presence of a mid‐barrier‐embedded scatter leads to a transition from a peak to a cusp when the incident energy reaches the Dirac point within a barrier. Additionally, it is that introducing a time‐varying potential results in transmissions dispersing across both the central band and the sidebands.
Phosphonoalamides Reveal the Biosynthetic Origin of Phosphonoalanine Natural Products and a Convergent Pathway for Their Diversification
Authors: Cui Jerry J. , Zhang Yeying , Ju Kou‐San
Published: May 2024

Phosphonate natural products, with their potent inhibitory activity, have found widespread use across multiple industries. Their success has inspired development of genome mining approaches that continue to reveal previously unknown bioactive scaffolds and biosynthetic insights. However, a greater understanding of phosphonate metabolism is required to enable prediction of compounds and their bioactivities from sequence information alone. Here, we expand our knowledge of this natural product class by reporting the complete biosynthesis of the phosphonoalamides, antimicrobial tripeptides with a conserved N‐terminal l‐phosphonoalanine (PnAla) residue produced by Streptomyces. The phosphonoalamides result from the convergence of PnAla biosynthesis and peptide ligation pathways. We elucidate the biochemistry underlying the transamination of phosphonopyruvate to PnAla, a new early branchpoint in phosphonate biosynthesis catalyzed by an aminotransferase with evolved specificity for phosphonate metabolism. Peptide formation is catalyzed by two ATP‐grasp ligases, the first of which produces dipeptides, and a second which ligates dipeptides to PnAla to produce phosphonoalamides. Substrate specificity profiling revealed a dramatic expansion of dipeptide and tripeptide products, while finding PnaC to be the most promiscuous dipeptide ligase reported thus far. Our findings highlight previously unknown transformations in natural product biosynthesis, promising enzyme biocatalysts, and unveil insights into the diversity of phosphonopeptide natural products.
Copper‐Catalyzed Dearomative 1,2‐Hydroamination
Authors: Davis Christopher W. , Zhang Yu , Li Yanrong , Martinelli Matteo , Zhang Jingyang , Ungarean Chad , Galer Petra , Liu Peng , Sarlah David
Published: May 2024

Catalytic olefin hydroamination reactions are some of the most atom‐economical transformations that bridge readily available starting materials–olefins and high‐value‐added amines. Despite significant advances in this field over the last two decades, the formal hydroamination of nonactivated aromatic compounds remains an unsolved challenge. Herein, we report the extension of olefin hydroamination to aromatic π‐systems by using arenophile‐mediated dearomatization and Cu‐catalysis to perform 1,2‐hydroamination on nonactivated arenes. This strategy was applied to a variety of substituted arenes and heteroarenes to provide general access to structurally complex amines. We conducted DFT calculations to inform mechanistic understanding and rationalize unexpected selectivity trends. Furthermore, we developed a practical, scalable desymmetrization to deliver enantioenriched dearomatized products and enable downstream synthetic applications. We ultimately used this dearomative strategy to efficiently synthesize a collection of densely functionalized small molecules.
Modulating the D‐π‐A Interactions in Metal‐Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 into Formate
Authors: Cui Kai , Zhang Zhao , Wang Congxu , Lyu Pengbo , Tang Xiaoliang , Xu Yuxi
Published: May 2024

Crystalline porous framework materials have attracted tremendous interest in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction owing to their ordered structures and high specific surface areas as well as rich designability, however, still suffer from a lack of accuracy in regulating the binding strength between the catalytic sites and intermediates, which is crucial for optimizing the electrocatalytic activity and expanding the product types. Herein, we report three new kinds of vinylene‐linked metal‐covalent organic frameworks (TMT‐CH3‐MCOF, TMP‐CH3‐MCOF and TMP‐MCOF) with continuously tunable D‐π‐A interactions by adjusting the structure of the monomers at the molecular level for realizing efficient electroreduction of CO2 to formate for the first time. Interestingly, compared with TMT‐CH3‐MCOF and TMP‐MCOF, the TMP‐CH3‐MCOF exhibited the highest HCOO− Faradaic efficiency (FEHCOO‐) of 95.6 % at −1.0 V vs RHE and displayed the FEHCOO‐ above 90 % at the voltage range of −1.0 to −1.2 V vs. RHE, which is one of the highest among various kinds of reported electrocatalysts. Theoretical calculations further reveal that the catalytic sites in TMP‐CH3‐MCOF with unique moderate D‐π‐A interactions have suitable binding ability towards the reaction intermediate, which is beneficial for the formation of *HCOO and desorption of *HCOOH, thus effectively promoting the electroreduction of CO2 to formate.
Isolable T‐Shaped Planar Silyl Anion
Authors: Liu Xiaona , Dai Yuyang , Bao Qidi , Li Qianli , Chen Ning , Su Yuanting , Wang Xinping
Published: May 2024

Silyl anions have garnered significant attention due to their synthetic abilities. However, previously reported silyl anions have been limited to either trigonal‐pyramidal or trigonal‐planar geometries, which confine them primarily as nucleophiles in substitution reactions. Herein, we report the isolation of the unprecedented T‐shaped planar silyl anion salt 2 by employment of a geometrically constrained triamido pincer ligand. Theoretical calculations disclosed that the silicon centre in 2 possesses both a lone pair of electrons and an empty 3pz orbital. In addition to nucleophilic substitution reactions with Ph3PAuCl and W(CO)6, 2 readily undergoes oxidative additions with CO2 and 2,6‐dimethylphenylisonitrile at room temperature. Furthermore, under mild conditions, compound 2 cleaves Csp2−H, Csp2−H, and H−H bonds in 1,2,4,5‐tetrafluorobenzene, an intramolecular iPr group, and dihydrogen, representing the first examples of C−H and H−H activations mediated by a silyl anion, respectively. This work unveils new reactivity of silyl anions owing to the non‐classical geometry and electronic structure.
Multifunctional Buffer Layer Engineering for Efficient and Stable Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite and Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Ji Xiaofei , Ding Yian , Bi Leyu , Yang Xin , Wang Jiarong , Wang Xiaoting , Liu Yuanzhong , Yan Yiran , Zhu Xiangrong , Huang Jin , Yang Liyou , Fu Qiang , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Lu Linfeng
Published: May 2024

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are preferred for tandem applications due to their superior compatibility with diverse bottom solar cells. However, the solution processing and low formation energy of perovskites inevitably lead to numerous defects at both the bulk and interfaces. We report a facile and effective strategy for precisely modulating the perovskite by incorporating AlOx deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the top interface. We find that Al3+ can not only infiltrate the bulk phase and interact with halide ions to suppress ion migration and phase separation but also regulate the arrangement of energy levels and passivate defects on the perovskite surface and grain boundaries. Additionally, ALD‐AlOx exhibits an encapsulation effect through a dense interlayer. Consequently, the ALD‐AlOx treatment can significantly improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 21.80 % for 1.66 electron volt (eV) PSCs. A monolithic perovskite‐silicon TSCs using AlOx‐modified perovskite achieved a PCE of 28.5 % with excellent photothermal stability. More importantly, the resulting 1.55 eV PSC and module achieved a PCE of 25.08 % (0.04 cm2) and 21.01 % (aperture area of 15.5 cm2), respectively. Our study provides an effective way to efficient and stable wide‐band gap perovskite for perovskite‐silicon TSCs and paves the way for large‐area inverted PSCs.
Fate of flavonoids and theobromine in cocoa beans during roasting: Effect of time and temperature
Authors: Hermund Ditte B. , Larsen Louise Kirstein , Trangbæk Sara Riegels , Madsen Quoc‐Khanh Rose‐Marie Therese , Sørensen Ann‐Dorit Moltke , Kaya Jacob , Jacobsen Charlotte
Published: May 2024

The content of phenolic compounds in chocolate depends on the processing of the cocoa from bean to bar. The aim of this study was to determine the fate of phenolic compounds and theobromine in cocoa beans during roasting at different temperatures. Based on a screening of 12 cocoa bean sorts, three beans (NM, NCC, and NB) with initial high total phenolic content (TPC) were selected for the roasting trial (100 and 150°C up to 20 min). The concentration of three major flavonoids ((−)‐catechin, (−)‐epicatechin and procyanidin B2) and one methylxanthine (theobromine) were evaluated in both raw and roasted beans. Results showed changes in the concentration of flavonoids and theobromine during roasting. Roasting at 150°C for 15 min was optimal for maintaining high flavonoid levels while reducing theobromine levels. However, sensory evaluation on final product is needed to confirm whether the suggested roasting condition would also result in a final product with pleasant sensory properties.
Ultralow shrinkage polyimide hybrid aerogel composite enhanced with organic fibers for thermal protection
Authors: Zhang Sizhao , Liu Chun , Wang Zhao , Wang Jing , Xu Guangyu , Shi Hongwei
Published: May 2024

Polyimide (PI) aerogels possess a rather potential in thermal protection material for aircraft, owing to their low thermal conductivity, high thermal stability, and low bulk density. However, the large shrinkage of pure PI aerogels is still a challenge in the complete preparation process. Herein, a kind of PI hybrid aerogel composite was prepared successfully by introducing polyurethane fiber as the reinforcing agent. The aerogel composite could realize the enhancement for the pure PI aerogels from a micro/macroscopic perspective, ultimately ensuring the ultralow shrinkage rate of 3.52%. Due to the inhibition of the shrinkage characteristic, the aerogel composite obtained achieved excellent thermal insulation, especially retaining a low temperature of 40.7°C despite the hot surface temperature reached up to 150°C. Besides, the lightweight low‐density, exceptional flame resistance, and self‐extinguishing properties were reflected from PI hybrid aerogel composite constructed, including the outstanding hydrophobic feature (water contact angle of 120°). The PI hybrid aerogel composite as prepared may be used for the thermal management of aircraft in a great measure, illustrating the feasible strategy of fabricating PI‐based aerogel composites.
Fabrication of three‐dimensional micropatterned hydrophobic surfaces by fused filament fabrication printing technology
Authors: Galvagno Sergio , Tammaro Loredana , Portofino Sabrina , Loffredo Fausta , De Girolamo Del Mauro Anna , Villani Fulvia , Pandolfi Giuseppe , Iovane Pierpaolo , Tassini Paolo , Borriello Carmela
Published: May 2024

In recent years, the interest in structured hydrophobic surfaces has considerably grown, finding applications in many industrial fields, including aerospace, automotive, and biomedical. Three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology is a simple, rapid, and economic process to fabricate structured surfaces based on neat polymers and composite materials, allowing working with a wide variety of plastic materials. The manufactured surfaces show a roughness depending on the printing design and the printing resolution: this characteristic is ideal to achieve superhydrophobic properties. Furthermore, patterned surface structures can be printed by fused filament fabrication (FFF), so increasing the hydrophobic character of the samples; indeed, micro‐ and nanosurface structures are required to make a hydrophobic surface. In this study, 3D micropatterned textures of pillars were printed by FFF using polylactide (PLA) and polypropylene (PP) as polymer filaments and PLA/carbon nanotubes (PLA/CNTs) and PP/carbon fibers (PP/CF) as composite filaments. Morphologies of printed specimens were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Good correspondence was found between pillar dimensions and edge‐edge pillars distance of computer aided design (CAD) and composites 3D‐printed samples. Their wettability was evaluated by static contact angle (CA) measurements. Results clearly show a significant increase of water CA values up to 50% in all micropatterned samples with respect to flat surfaces. This improvement was achieved by surface microstructuring without the use of nanoparticles and/or chemical treatment.
Superconductivity in Twisted Bismuth Bilayers
Authors: Rodríguez Isaías , Valladares Renela M. , Hinojosa‐Romero David , Valladares Alexander , Valladares Ariel A.
Published: May 2024

Two twisted bismuth bilayers, TBB, each with 120 atoms, are studied using their electron density of states and their vibrational density of states using first‐principles calculations. Metallic character at the Fermi level is found for the non‐rotated sample as well as for each sample rotated 0.5°, 1.0°, 1.5°, 2.0°, 2.5°, 3.0°, 4.0°, 5.0°, 6.0°, 7.0°, 8.0°, and 10° with respect to each other. Assuming that the superconductivity is BCS‐type and the invariance of the Cooper pairing potential, a maximum superconducting temperature TC ≈1.8 K is predicted for a magic angle of 0.5° between the two bilayers, increasing the superconducting transition temperature from the experimentally measured value of 0.53 mK for the Wyckoff structure of crystalline bismuth.
Cross‐reactivity of hantavirus antibodies after immunization with PUUV antigens
Authors: Shkair Layaly , Sharma Diksha , Hamza Shaimaa , Garanina Ekaterina , Shakirova Venara , Khaertynova Ilsiyar , Markelova Maria , Pavelkina Vera , Rizvanov Albert , Khaiboullina Svetlana , Baranwal Manoj , Martynova Ekaterina
Published: May 2024

Nephropathia epidemica (NE), caused by Puumala (PUUV) orthohantavirus, is endemic in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT). There are limited options for NE prevention in RT. Currently, available vaccines are made using Haantan (HNTV) orthohantavirus antigens. In this study, the efficacy of microvesicles (MVs) loaded with PUUV antigens to induce the humoral immune response in small mammals was analyzed. Additionally, the cross‐reactivity of serum from immunized small mammals and NE patients with HNTV, Dobrava, and Andes orthohantaviruses was investigated using nucleocapsid (N) protein peptide libraries. Finally, the selected peptides were analyzed for allergenicity, their ability to induce an autoimmune response, and their interaction with Class II HLA. Several N protein peptides were found to be cross‐reactive with serum from MVs immunized small mammals. These cross‐reactive epitopes were located in oligomerization perinuclear targeting and Daxx‐interacting domains. Most cross‐reactive peptides lack allergenic and autoimmune reactivity. Molecular docking revealed two cross‐reacting peptides, N6 and N19, to have good binding with three Class II HLA alleles. These peptides could be candidates for developing vaccines and therapeutics for NE.
Entosis implicates a new role for P53 in microcephaly pathogenesis, beyond apoptosis
Authors: Sterling Noelle A. , Cho Seo‐Hee , Kim Seonhee
Published: May 2024

Entosis, a form of cell cannibalism, is a newly discovered pathogenic mechanism leading to the development of small brains, termed microcephaly, in which P53 activation was found to play a major role. Microcephaly with entosis, found in Pals1 mutant mice, displays P53 activation that promotes entosis and apoptotic cell death. This previously unappreciated pathogenic mechanism represents a novel cellular dynamic in dividing cortical progenitors which is responsible for cell loss. To date, various recent models of microcephaly have bolstered the importance of P53 activation in cell death leading to microcephaly. P53 activation caused by mitotic delay or DNA damage manifests apoptotic cell death which can be suppressed by P53 removal in these animal models. Such genetic studies attest P53 activation as quality control meant to eliminate genomically unfit cells with minimal involvement in the actual function of microcephaly associated genes. In this review, we summarize the known role of P53 activation in a variety of microcephaly models and introduce a novel mechanism wherein entotic cell cannibalism in neural progenitors is triggered by P53 activation.
Cholecystokinin neurotransmission in the central nervous system: Insights into its role in health and disease
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Wang Huajie , Waris Abdul , Qianqian Gao , Chen Xi
Published: May 2024

Cholecystokinin (CCK) plays a key role in various brain functions, including both health and disease states. Despite the extensive research conducted on CCK, there remain several important questions regarding its specific role in the brain. As a result, the existing body of literature on the subject is complex and sometimes conflicting. The primary objective of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in understanding the central nervous system role of CCK, with a specific emphasis on elucidating CCK's mechanisms for neuroplasticity, exploring its interactions with other neurotransmitters, and discussing its significant involvement in neurological disorders. Studies demonstrate that CCK mediates both inhibitory long‐term potentiation (iLTP) and excitatory long‐term potentiation (eLTP) in the brain. Activation of the GPR173 receptor could facilitate iLTP, while the Cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) facilitates eLTP. CCK receptors' expression on different neurons regulates activity, neurotransmitter release, and plasticity, emphasizing CCK's role in modulating brain function. Furthermore, CCK plays a pivotal role in modulating emotional states, Alzheimer's disease, addiction, schizophrenia, and epileptic conditions. Targeting CCK cell types and circuits holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for alleviating these brain disorders.
Premature mortality for patients after completely resected early adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or stomach
Authors: Bollschweiler Elfriede , Hölscher Arnulf H. , Markar Sheraz R. , Alakus Hakan , Drebber Uta , Mönig Stefan Paul , Plum Patrick Sven
Published: May 2024

Objective

To establish the life expectancy burden of esophago‐gastric cancer by analyzing years of life lost (YLL) for a Western patient population after treatment of early esophageal (EAC) or early gastric (GAC) adenocarcinoma.

Background

For patients with early EAC or GAC, the short‐term prognosis after surgical resection is very good. Little data is available regarding long‐term prognosis when compared to the general population.

Methods

Two hundred and fourteen patients with pT1 EAC (n = 112) or GAC (n = 102) were included in the study. Patients with EAC underwent transthoracic en‐bloc esophagectomy; those with GAC had total or subtotal gastrectomy with D2‐lymphadenectomy. Surviving patients had a median follow‐up of approximately 14 years. YLL was calculated using average life expectancy data from Germany.

Results

Patients with EAC were younger (median age 61 years) than those with GAC (66 years) (p = 0.031). The male:female ratio was 10:1 for EAC and 3:2 for GAC (p < 0.001). Multivariate survival analysis showed the age of the patients ≥60 years and the existence of lymph node metastasis was associated with poor prognosis.

The median YLL for all patients who died over follow‐up was 8.0 years. For patients under 60 years, it was approximately 20 years, and for older patients, approximately 5 years (p < 0.001) without difference in tumor stage between these age cohorts. YLL did not differ for GAC vs. EAC.

Conclusion

After surgical resection, the prognostic burden as measured by YLL is relevant for all patients with early esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas and especially for younger patients. Reasons for YLL need further studies.
Extraction Kinetics of Brazilian Green Propolis and Chemical Characterization of its Volatiles
Authors: Baptista Pereira Debora , de Souza Alves Nataly , Oliveira Silva Eliane , de Menezes Epifanio Neide Mara , Siqueira de Almeida Chaves Douglas
Published: May 2024

Propolis is a natural resinous product produced by Apis mellifera bees from the exudates of various plants. The color of propolis (green) is a consequence of its botanical origin, as bees collect young tissues and leaves of Baccaris dracunculifolia. This study evaluated the chemical composition and extraction kinetics of essential oils obtained from Brazilian green propolis by hydrodistillation. Hydrodistillation was performed for 360 min and analyzed at different times (30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min), allowing the calculation of the accumulated content (% w/w) and the identification of the essential oil chemical profile. The GC/FID and GC/MS analysis led to the annotation of 60 compounds with estragole (13.30 %), benzyl propanoate (14.59 %), and (E)‐nerolidol (13.57 %) as the main compounds. The optimum conditions for extraction of phenylpropanoids (PP), hydrocarbons (HD), monoterpenes (MT), and oxygenated monoterpenes (OMT) are between 30 and 120 min. In comparison, sesquiterpenes (ST) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OST) are extracted more efficiently between 240 and 360 min. The optimal extraction speed determination is essential for industrial‐scale processing to obtain components such as sesquiterpenes, which have a high economic value in the cosmetic/perfumery and pharmaceutical industries.
Designing and Synthesis of Novel Fexofenadine‐Derived Hydrazone‐Schiff Bases as Potential Urease Inhibitors: In‐Vitro, Molecular Docking and DFT Investigations
Authors: Ayaz Muhammad , Alam Aftab , Zainab  , Elhenawy Ahmed A. , Ur Rehman Najeeb , Ur Rahman Sajjad , Ali Mumtaz , Latif Abdul , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Ahmad Manzoor
Published: May 2024

Thirteen novel hydrazone‐Schiff bases (3–15) of fexofenadine were succesfully synthesized, structurally deduced and finally assessed their capability to inhibit urease enzyme (in vitro). In the series, six compounds 12 (IC50=10.19±0.16 μM), 11 (IC50=15.05±1.11 μM), 10 (IC50=17.01±1.23 μM), 9 (IC50=17.22±0.81 μM), 13 (IC50=19.31±0.18 μM), and 14 (IC50=19.62±0.21 μM) displayed strong inhibitory action better than the standard thiourea (IC50=21.14±0.24 μM), while the remaining compounds displayed significant to less inhibition. LUMO and HOMO showed the transferring of charges from molecules to biological transfer and MEP map showed the chemically reactive zone appropriate for drug action are calculated using DFT. AIM charges, non‐bonding orbitals, and ELF are also computed. The urease protein binding analysis benefited from the docking studies.
Eruptive xanthoma as a warning sign of uncontrolled hypertriglyceridemia presenting with acute pancreatitis and uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus: A case report
Authors: Shrestha Ankit , Bam Prabin Kumar , Pandit Aakash , Shrestha Hari , Koirala Melisha
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Managing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in individuals with severe dyslipidemia necessitates a comprehensive approach. While rehydration and continuous insulin infusion are fundamental components of DKA management due to the underlying insulin deficiency, the presence of severe hyperlipidemia with eruptive xanthomas warrants additional consideration. Early initiation of lipid‐lowering agents can expedite the resolution of cutaneous lesions and substantially mitigate the risk of severe complications such as pancreatitis, along with attenuating long‐term cardiovascular risks.

Xanthomas are the benign lesions which are generated by localized lipid deposits in the skin, tendons, and subcutaneous tissue. They appear clinically as yellowish papules, nodules, or plaques. Acute pancreatitis and eruptive xanthomas can occur as complications of hyperlipidemia. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in one of the risk factors for hypertriglyceridemia. Early recognition and treatment of the eruptive xanthomatosis as a warning sign of hypertriglyceridemia can decrease the morbidity and mortality due to acute pancreatitis. Here, we discuss a case of 37‐years old female patient with uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus presented with acute pancreatitis and eruptive xanthomas as result of raised triglycerides and uncontrolled diabetes.
Comps: Content analysis of doctoral comprehensive exam policies and procedures
Authors: Arnold Amanda C. , DeDiego Amanda C. , Li Minyi , Keys Ashton , Pipp Anastasia
Published: May 2024

The doctoral comprehensive exam is a common benchmark in counselor education doctoral programs. The current study examined policies and procedures for comprehensive exams in CACREP‐accredited counselor education doctoral programs. Using conventional qualitative content analysis, researchers analyzed CACREP‐accredited doctoral program student handbooks to determine common practices for conducting comprehensive exams.
Exploring the impact of an anti‐oppressive social justice internship curriculum
Authors: Merlin‐Knoblich Clare , Harper Sherée , Vázquez Maylee , Perry Jennifer , Glover Brittany
Published: May 2024

In this qualitative case study, we implemented an anti‐oppressive, social justice curriculum in a school counseling internship course and then explored its impact on participants (N = 3) as school counseling students and full‐time school counselors. We identified 11 themes that reflect how the curriculum impacted participants as students and school counselors.
Adherence to PRISMA 2020 statement assessed through the expanded checklist in systematic reviews of interventions: A meta‐epidemiological study
Authors: Ivaldi Diego , Burgos Mariana , Oltra Gisela , Liquitay Camila E. , Garegnani Luis
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) statement was developed to improve the reporting of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta‐analyses. Due to the suboptimal reporting of the 2009 version, an update was performed and published in 2021. Despite having been evaluated in studies published before its publication, its adherence in SRs of interventions published after 2021 remains unclear.

Objective

To assess PRISMA 2020 statement adherence and its uptake in SRs of interventions.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cross‐sectional study searching MEDLINE (PubMed), including a 10% random sample of all SRs involving human interventions published since January 2022 retrieved by our search process. We did not apply any restrictions. We assessed PRISMA 2020 statement uptake and its adherence using its expanded checklist.

Results

We included 222 out of 945 studies. 67 (30.18%) used PRISMA 2020 statement. None adhered completely, with an average adherence of 42.64% (Min–Max: 14.29%–76.19%). Results and Methods sections had low adherence, with 40.57% (Min–Max: 10.45%–98.51%) and 25.55% (Min–Max: 7.46%–55.22%) respectively. The items with the least adherence were: certainty and reporting bias assessment, excluded studies characteristics and search strategy with 7.46% (5/67), 8.96% (6/67), 10.45% (7/67), and 11.94% (8/67) respectively.

Discussion

As in previous studies, our study showed low adherence, mainly to the methods and results sections. However, our study showed a lower adherence, probably due to the use of the expanded checklist to assessed the tools adherence.

Conclusion

We found a low adherence rate to the PRISMA 2020 expanded checklist. Further PRISMA dissemination and targeted audience training are needed to improve SR reporting and quality.
Discovering of Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters by High‐Throughput Syntheses Platform
Authors: Tang Li , Wang Li , Wang Bin , Pei Yong , Wang Shuxin
Published: May 2024

Understanding the complete structure of noble metal nanoclusters is both academically and practically significant. However, progress has been hindered by the low synthetic efficiency of many nanocluster syntheses. In this study, we present the first high‐throughput syntheses of homo‐gold, homo‐copper, and gold‐copper alloy nanoclusters in dichloromethane at room temperature. Through high‐throughput screening, we successfully obtained three nanoclusters in a single reaction: Au18(SC6H11)14, [Au41Cu66(SC6H11)44](SbF6)3, and an unidentified copper cluster (referred to as Au18, Au41Cu66, and Cu−NC). The optimized synthesis route was achieved with the assistance of machine learning for experimental data analysis, which also guided the synthesis of other metal nanoclusters such as Au40Cu34(4‐S‐PhF)40 (Au40Cu34), [Au6Cu6(SPh)12]n ([Au6Cu6]n), and Au18Cu32(3,5‐C8H9S)36 (Au18Cu32)). This research demonstrates that high‐throughput screening can be a valuable tool in accelerating the development of nanocluster syntheses.
Silyliumylidene Ion Stabilized by Two σ‐Donating Ni(0)‐ and Pd(0)‐Fragments
Authors: Takahashi Shintaro , Kazama Yugo , Nakata Norio , Baceiredo Antoine , Hashizume Daisuke , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Branchadell Vicenç , Kato Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2024

A silyliumylidene ion 2 stabilized by two σ‐donating Ni(0)‐ and Pd(0)‐fragments was successfully synthesized. Due to the σ‐donation of M→Si interactions, 2 presents a pyramidalized cationic silicon center with a localized lone pair. The additional coordination of basic Pd(0) fragment to the mono‐Ni(0)‐stabilized silyliumylidene 1 results in a higher HOMO level and an unchanged HOMO‐LUMO gap and thus, 2 remains highly reactive. Interestingly, the coordination mode at the Si center is closely related to the nature of M‐ligands. Indeed, the donor/donor‐stabilized silyliumylidene ion 2 has been transformed into a donor/acceptor‐stabilized ion 13, featuring a trigonal planar Si center with a vacant orbital, just via a ligand exchange reaction from PCy3/NHC toward PMe3.
Identification of Potential Drug Targets of Calix[4]arene by Reverse Docking
Authors: Giugliano Giulia , Gajo Margherita , Marforio Tainah Dorina , Zerbetto Francesco , Mattioli Edoardo Jun , Calvaresi Matteo
Published: May 2024

Calixarenes are displaying great potential for the development of new drug delivery systems, diagnostic imaging, biosensing devices and inhibitors of biological processes. In particular, calixarene derivatives are able to interact with many different enzymes and function as inhibitors. By screening of the potential drug target database (PDTD) with a reverse docking procedure, we identify and discuss a selection of 100 proteins that interact strongly with calix[4]arene. We also discover that leucine (23.5 %), isoleucine (11.3 %), phenylalanines (11.3 %) and valine (9.5 %) are the most frequent binding residues followed by hydrophobic cysteines and methionines and aromatic histidines, tyrosines and tryptophanes. Top binders are peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors that already are targeted by commercial drugs, demonstrating the practical interest in calix[4]arene. Nuclear receptors, potassium channel, several carrier proteins, a variety of cancer‐related proteins and viral proteins are prominent in the list. It is concluded that calix[4]arene, which is characterized by facile access, well‐defined conformational characteristics, and ease of functionalization at both the lower and higher rims, could be a potential lead compound for the development of enzyme inhibitors and theranostic platforms.
Anti‐PD‐L1 antibody TQB2450 combined with tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor AL2846 for immunotherapy‐refractory advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective phase 1b cohort study
Authors: Ning Tao , Li Danyang , Deng Ting , Bai Yuxian , Chen Ye , Wang Zhiyu , Hu Bin , Ba Yi , Lu Wei
Published: May 2024

Background

Effective systemic therapy remains limited for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly after prior failed treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Theoretically, a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with ICIs may restore immunotherapy sensitivity.

Methods

In this phase 1b study, patients received AL2846, an antiangiogenic TKI with multiple targets (c‐MET, VEGFR1, c‐KIT, Axl, RET, KDR, and VEGFR3), in combination with an anti–PD‐L1 antibody (TQB2450) until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, death, or discontinuation for any cause. The primary end points included overall response rate (ORR) and safety, with secondary end points encompassing progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), and duration of response.

Results

Between November 2021 and September 2022, 18 patients with ESCC and 15 patients with HCC, whose ORR was 11.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1%–32.8%) and 0%, respectively, were enrolled. Adverse events (AEs) of any grade and treatment‐related AEs were documented in 32 patients (97.0%) and 31 patients (93.9%), respectively. Grade 3 or higher AEs were observed in 10 patients (30.3%), with vomiting (6.1%) and infectious pneumonia (9.1%) being the most prevalent. Median PFS and OS values were 3.22 months (95% CI, 1.35–5.68 months) and 5.98 months (95% CI, 3.71–8.87 months), respectively, in patients with ESCC, and 5.55 months (95% CI, 2.66 months to not evaluable [NE]) and 16.72 months (95% CI, 4.86 months to NE), respectively, in patients with HCC. The DCRs were 66.7% (95% CI, 43.75%–83.72%) in patients with ESCC and 73.3% (95% CI, 48.05%–89.10%) in patients with HCC.

Conclusions

Combined TQB2450 and AL2846 therapy exhibited a favorable safety profile in immunotherapy‐refractory patients with advanced ESCC and HCC.