bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Channel Radius on the Molecular Communication Based on Fluorescent Nanoparticles
Authors: Calì Federico , Fichera Luca , Tuccitto Nunzio
Published: December 2021

The effect of the communication channel size on the transport and subsequent detection of chemical messengers is investigated on millimetric and micrometric channels. The transport of the information carriers, being characterized by an advective and a diffusive contribution, was simulated by varying the flow velocity and the diffusion coefficient. Then, to evaluate the information quality, the Intersymbol Interference (ISI) between two consecutive signals at a specific release delay was estimated. This allowed us to verify that operating under micrometric channel conditions has a larger flow velocity range to obtain completely separated successive signals and smaller release delays can be used between signals. The theoretical results were confirmed by developing a prototype molecular communication platform operating under microfluidic conditions, which enables communication through fluorescent nanoparticles, namely Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs).
X-Ray Diffraction Techniques for Mineral Characterization: A Review for Engineers of the Fundamentals, Applications, and Research Directions
Authors: Ali Asif , Chiang Yi Wai , Santos Rafael M.
Published: December 2021

For many decades, X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been used for material characterization. With the recent development in material science understanding and technology, various new materials are being developed, which requires upgrading the existing analytical techniques such that intricate problems can be solved. Although, XRD is a well-established non-destructive technique, it still requires further improvements in its characterization capabilities, especially when dealing with complex mineral structures. The present review conducts comprehensive discussions on atomic crystal structure, XRD principle, its applications, uncertainty during XRD analysis, and required safety precautions, all in one place. It further discusses the future research directions, especially the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning tools for improving the effectiveness and accuracy of XRD technique for mineral characterization. It has been focused that how XRD patterns can be utilized for a thorough understanding of the crystalline structure, size, and orientation, dislocation density, phase identification, quantification, and transformation, information about lattice parameters, residual stress, and strain, and thermal expansion coefficient of materials. All these important discussions on XRD for mineral characterization are compiled in this short yet comprehensive review that would benefit specialists and engineers in the chemical, mining, iron, metallurgy, and steel industries.
Increasing Migrants' Work Self-efficacy and Job Search Self-efficacy Perceptions by Developing Career Adaptability
Authors: Morici Roberta , Massaro Davide , Brajda Bruno Federico , Boerchi Diego
Published: December 2021

Today's unstable labor market increasingly requires flexibility and adaptability to cope with the threat of unemployment. It can cause distress in people and have a more significant negative impact on fragile workers, such as migrants. This study aimed to test whether a Career Counseling intervention designed for Migrants (CCfM) can develop Career Adaptability and, therefore, both Work Self-efficacy (WSe) and Job Search Self-efficacy (JSSe) perceptions. It was conducted in Italy and involved a sample of 233 migrants, who were asked to respond to a questionnaire available in three languages (Italian, French, and English). Data analysis showed that an improvement was demonstrated in all the variables considered, namely career adaptability (including concern, control, confidence, and curiosity), WSe, and JSSe, even though the CCfM was not directly designed to increase the last one. In addition, the development of career adaptability explained the increase in migrants' WSe and JSSe, and the initial level of career adaptability was found to explain the increase in WSe due to the initial positive level of curiosity.
A Photon Force and Flow for Dissipative Structuring: Application to Pigments, Plants and Ecosystems
Authors: Michaelian Karo , Cano Mateo Ramon Eduardo
Published: December 2021

Through a modern derivation of Planck's formula for the entropy of an arbitrary beam of photons we derive a general expression for the entropy production due to the irreversible process of the absorption of an arbitrary incident photon spectrum in material and its dissipation into an infrared-shifted grey-body emitted spectrum, the rest being reflected or transmitted. Employing the framework of Classical Irreversible Thermodynamic theory, we define the generalized thermodynamic flow as the flow of photons from the incident beam into the material and the generalized thermodynamic force is then just the entropy production divided by the photon flow which is the entropy production per unit photon at a given wavelength. We compare the entropy production under sunlight of different inorganic and organic materials (water, desert, leaves and forests) and show that organic materials are the greater entropy producing materials. Intriguingly, plant and phytoplankton pigments (including chlorophyll) have peak absorption exactly where entropy production through photon dissipation is maximal for our solar spectrum $430<\lambda<550$ nm, while photosynthetic efficiency is maximal between 600 and 700 nm. These results suggest that the evolution of pigments, plants and ecosystems has been towards optimizing entropy production rather than photosynthesis. We propose using the wavelength dependence of global entropy production as a biosignature for discovering life on planets of other stars.
Cancer Immunotherapy Biomarkers of Response and Toxicity; Current Limitations and Future Promise
Authors: Healey Bird Brian Richard , Nally Ken , Ronan Karine , Clarke Gerard , Amu Sylvie , Almeida Anna S. , Flavin Richard , Finn Stephen
Published: December 2021

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies that are used to treat over one in three cancer patients. While they have changed the natural history of disease, prolonging life and preserving quality of life, they are highly active in less than 40% of patients, even in the most responsive malignancies such as melanoma, and cause significant autoimmune side effects. Licenced biomarkers include tumour Programmed Death Ligand 1 expression by immunohistochemistry, microsatellite instability, and Tumour Mutational Burden, none of which are particularly sensitive or specific. Emerging tumour and immune tissue biomarkers such as novel immunohistochemistry scores, tumour, stromal and immune cell gene expression profiling, and liquid biomarkers such as systemic inflammatory markers, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, circulating immune cells, cytokines and DNA are discussed in this review. We also examine the influence of the faecal microbiome on treatment outcome and its use as a biomarker of response and toxicity.
Effects of rice husk biochar and raised bed on CO2 flux and shallot (Allium cepa L.) production on peatland
Authors: Kusuma Eka Widiawati Wijaya , Maas Azwar , Utami Sri Nuryani Hidayah , Maftuah Eni
Published: December 2021

This study aims to assess the effect of rice husk biochar, raised beds, and chicken manure on the CO2 flux and shallot production on peatland. This study adopted a factorial randomized block design with three factors and three replications. The P1 treatment was recommended by the Swamp Land Agricultural Research Institute by adding chicken manure (5 ton ha−1) and rice husk biochar (5 ton ha−1) while the P2 treatment was recommended by the Vegetable Research Institute by adding chicken manure (10 ton ha−1). The raised beds heights were 20 cm (A) and 30 cm (B). Variance analyses were applied to each observation variable and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a 5% level. The P1A treatment was the best in improving the shallot production up to 10.88 tons and producing the lowest CO2 cumulative flux up to 0.158 ton ha-1 season-1.
THE USE OF MACHINE LEARNING METHODS FOR BINARY CLASSIFICATION OF THE WORKING CONDITION OF BEARINGS USING THE SIGNALS OF VIBRATION ACCELERATION
Authors: Babudzhan Ruslan , Isaienkov Konstantyn , Krasiy Danilo , Vodka Oleksii , Zadorozhny Ivan , Yushchuk Michael
Published: December 2021

The paper investigates the relationship between vibration acceleration of bearings with their operational state. To determine these dependencies, a testbench was built and 112 experiments were carried out with different bearings: 100 bearings that developed an internal defect during operation and 12bearings without a defect. From the obtained records, a dataset was formed, which was used to build classifiers. Dataset is freely available. A methodfor classifying new and used bearings was proposed, which consists in searching for dependencies and regularities of the signal using descriptive functions: statistical, entropy, fractal dimensions and others. In addition to processing the signal itself, the frequency domain of the bearing operationsignal was also used to complement the feature space. The paper considered the possibility of generalizing the classification for its application on thosesignals that were not obtained in the course of laboratory experiments. An extraneous dataset was found in the public domain. This dataset was used todetermine how accurate a classifier was when it was trained and tested on significantly different signals. Training and validation were carried out usingthe bootstrapping method to eradicate the effect of randomness, given the small amount of training data available. To estimate the quality of theclassifiers, the F1-measure was used as the main metric due to the imbalance of the data sets. The following supervised machine learning methodswere chosen as classifier models: logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, and K nearest neighbors. The results are presented in theform of plots of density distribution and diagrams.
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS FOR APPROXIMATION OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF RUBBER-LIKE MATERIALS
Authors: Vodka Oleksii , Pohrebniak Serhii
Published: December 2021

In the XXI century, neural networks are widely used in various fields, including computer simulation and mechanics. This popularity is due to the factthat they give high precision, work fast and have a very wide range of settings. The purpose of creating a software product using elements of artificialintelligence, for interpolation and approximation of experimental data. The software should work correctly, and yield results with minimal error. Thedisadvantage of using mathematical approaches to calculating and predicting hysteresis loops is that they describe unloading rather poorly, thus, weobtain incorrect data for calculating the stress-strain state of a structure. The solution tool use of elements of artificial intelligence, but rather neuralnetworks of direct distribution. The neural network of direct distribution has been built and trained in this work. It has been trained with a teacher (ateacher using the method of reverse error propagation) based on a learning sample of a pre-experiment. Several networks of different structures werebuilt for testing, which received the same dataset that was not used during the training, but was known from the experiment, thus finding a networkerror in the amount of allocated energy and in the mean square deviation. The article describes in detail the mathematical interpretation of neuralnetworks, the method for training them, the previously conducted experiment, structure of network that was used and its topology, the training method,preparation of the training sample, and the test sample. As a result of the robots carried out, the software was tested in which an artificial neuralnetwork was used, several types of neural networks with different input data and internal structures were built and tested, the error of their work wasdetermined, the positive and negative sides of the networks that were used were formed.
QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COLOR PROXIMITY CRITERIA OF OBJECTS WITH KNOWN SPECTRA
Authors: Galuza Alexey , Kostiuk Olga , Savchenko Alla , Boiko Anastasiia
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted to the problem of comparing objects by color. The following statement of the problem is considered: among the set of objects it is necessary to find such an object, the color of which is most similar to the color of the given object. It is assumed that for each object only its spectrum (transmission, reflection, radiation) is known, which is an exhaustive characteristic of the color of the object. In addition, the spectrum of the radiation source is assumed to be known. The use of standard methods for determining color differences has shown that the problem does not have an unambiguous solution. Two approaches to its solution have been proposed: the first is based on the transition from the spectrum to color spaces with the subsequent calculation of the Euclidean distance, and the second is based on a direct comparison of the spectra as functional dependences of the intensity on the wavelength. Within each of the approaches, two criteria for the "similarity" of objects in color are proposed, and an original approach to assessing the effectiveness of these criteria is proposed. This approach is based on the use of expert assessments of the color proximity of glass samples with known transmission spectra from a standard set. For each sample from the set, experts selected the glass closest in color from the remaining ones, after which a generalized opinion of experts was formed. To obtain an assessment of the quality of each of the criteria, for each of them and for each test glass, the remaining samples were ranked in order of increasing color distance to the given test glass. After that, the results of the criteria were compared with the generalized opinion of experts. To make the comparison result "fuzzy", for each test glass it was proposed to consider a set of five glasses closest in color (for each of the criteria). The resulting estimates of the effectiveness of each of the criteria for a set of 89 glasses are obtained and an approach to the construction of more effective complex criteria is proposed.
NONLINEAR PROBLEM OF FRACTURE MECHANICS OF AN INTERFACE CRACK SUBJECTED TO SHEAR WAVE
Authors: Menshykov Oleksandr , Menshykov Vasyl , Kladova Olga
Published: December 2021

Solution for the problem for an interface crack under the action of a harmonic shear wave in normal direction is presented. The contact of the crack faces is put into consideration. The problem is solved by the boundary integral equations method, the vector components in the boundary integral equations are presented by Fourier series. The unilateral Signorini boundary conditions are involved to prevent the interpenetration of the crack faces and the emergence of tensile forces in the contact zone. Amonton-Coulomb Friction Law included allows to put into consideration relative resting of the crack opposite faces or their relative motion when one crack face is slipping or sliding across another face. The contact boundary restrictions are implemented using the iterative correction algorithm. The mathematical model adequacy is checked by comparing with classical model solution for statics problems that takes into account the crack faces contact. Numerical researches of friction influence on the displacement and contact forces distribution, size of contact zone are carried out. Influence of the faces contact and value of the friction coefficient on the distribution of stress intensity coefficients of normal rupture and transverse shear, which are the parameters of the biomaterial fracture, are presented and analyzed. It is shown that the nature of change in the distribution of the stress intensity coefficients for the conditions of tensile and shear waves is fundamentally different. It is concluded that it is possible to extend the approach proposed to the problems of three-dimensional fracture mechanics for composites with interfacial cracks at arbitrary dynamic loading.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE TWO VARIABLES DISCONTINUOUS FUNCTION BY DIFFERENT INFORMATION OPERATORS USING TRIANGULAR ELEMENTS
Authors: Pershyna Iuliia
Published: December 2021

The paper examines methods for constructing mathematical models of two variables discontinuous functions using various information about them: one-sided values at points and one-sided traces along a given system of lines. The case is considered when the domain of the required function is triangulated by right-angled triangles. If interpolation or approximation methods are used, then for their construction the values of the function at given points must be given; if we use interlination methods, then traces of the desired function along a given system of lines. In this work, we construct a discontinuous interpolation and approximation splines for approximating a discontinuous function of two variables with given one-sided values in a given system of points (in our case, at the vertices of right-angled triangles), and prove theorems on the estimation of the approximation error by constructed discontinuous structures. In the paper a discontinuous interlination spline, which uses completely different information about the discontinuous function, namely one-sided traces along a given system of lines (in our case, along the sides of right-angled triangles) is also built. Interlination of functions can find wide application in the aircraft and automobile body design automation; when receiving and processing the results of sonar and radar, when solving problems of computed tomography, in digital signal processing and in many other areas. In the paper theorems on the integral form and an estimate of the approximation error by the constructed discontinuous interlination operator are also proved. Computational experiments that compare the results of the approximation of a discontinuous function of two variables by different information operators using triangular elements are presented. In the future, it is planned to apply the constructed operators of discontinuous approximation and interlination to solve a two-dimensional problem of computed tomography with a significant use of the inhomogeneity of the internal structure of the body, which must be reconstructed.
RECONSTRUCTION OF GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTIONS FROM SPECTRUM DATA
Authors: Prishchenko Olga , Cheremskaya Nadezhda
Published: December 2021

It is known that a stationary random process is represented as a superposition of harmonic oscillations with real frequencies and uncorrelated amplitudes. In the study of nonstationary processes, it is natural to have increasing or declining oscillationсs. This raises the problem of constructing algorithms that would allow constructing broad classes of nonstationary processes from elementary nonstationary random processes. A natural generalization of the concept of the spectrum of a nonstationary random process is the transition from the real spectrum in the case of stationary to a complex or infinite multiple spectrum in the nonstationary case. There is also the problem of describing within the correlation theory of random processes in which the spectrum has no analogues in the case of stationary random processes, namely, the spectrum point is real, but it has infinite multiplicity for the operator image of the corresponding operator, and when the spectrum itself is complex. Reconstruction of the complex spectrum of a nonstationary random function is a very important problem in both theoretical and applied aspects. In the paper the procedure of reconstruction of random process, sequence, field from a spectrum for Gaussian random functions is developed. Compared to the stationary case, there are wider possibilities, for example, the construction of a nonstationary random process with a real spectrum, which has infinite multiplicity and which can be distributed over the entire finite segment of the real axis. The presence of such a spectrum leads, in contrast to the case of a stationary random process, to the appearance of new components in the spectral decomposition of random functions that correspond to the internal states of «strings», i.e. generated by solutions of systems of equations in partial derivatives of hyperbolic type. The paper deals with various cases of the spectrum of a non-self-adjoint operator , namely, the case of a discrete spectrum and the case of a continuous spectrum, which is located on a finite segment of the real axis, which is the range of values of the real non-decreasing function a(x). The cases a(x)=0, a(x)=a0,  a(x)=x and a(x) is a piecewise constant function are studied. The authors consider the recovery of nonstationary sequences for different cases of the spectrum of a non-self-adjoint operator  promising since spectral decompositions are a superposition of discrete or continuous internal states of oscillators with complex frequencies and uncorrelated amplitudes and therefore have deep physical meaning.
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING STRATEGIES AND SCORING MODELS TOWARDS MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT BY CONTROLLING STUDENTSâ€™ INTELLIGENCE
Authors: . Khasanah
Published: December 2021

The study was aimed to find out the influence of problem-based learning strategies and scoring models towards mathematics achievement by controlling studentsâ€™ intelligence. The research method used in this study is an experimental method. Meanwhile, the design used in this research was the factorial design of 2Ã—2 and research hypotheses were tested by using covariant of analysis (ANCOVA). The participants of this study were 100 students from tenth grade in SMAN 55 and SMAN 60 Jakarta. The study concluded that after controlling studentsâ€™ intelligence: (1) mathematics achievements of the students who were given the problem posing strategy was higher than that of those who were given the problem solving strategy, (2) mathematics achievements of the students who were given the correct score model was higher than that of those who were given the punishment score model, (3) there was an interaction effect between problem-based learning strategies and scoring models towards mathematics achievement, (4) especially for groups of students who were given Problem Posing Strategy, mathematics achievement of the students who were given the correct score model was higher than that of those who were given the punishment score model, (5) especially for groups of students who were given problem solving strategy, mathematics achievement of the students who were given the correct score model was lower than that of those who were given the punishment score model, (6) especially for groups of students who were given the correct score model, mathematics achievement of the students who were given problem posing strategy was higher than that of those who were given the problem solving strategy, and (7) especially for groups of students who were given the punishment score model, mathematics achievement of the students who were given the problem posing strategy is lower than that of those who given the problem solving strategy. Thus, it can be recommended to the teachers to use the problem posing strategy and the correct score model.
EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT CLASS CONCEPT (Case Study: Student Behavior Problematics)
Authors: Afriadi Bambang
Published: December 2021

The effectiveness of the learning process is part of good classroom management. But be aware that every individual in the class (student) does not have a homogeneous but heterogeneous character. Implementation of classroom management will encounter various inhibiting factors. Reviews These barriers can come from teachers Themselves, from students, the family environment, and or because of the facilities. The condition of teaching and learning will be sustained while teachers during the process of concentration can maintain student learning and student behavior. Therefore, management in the class Becomes important to be Discussed, and found the solution. In writing this article using research literature from various sources related to this topic related to the subject.
A Study Of 7th Grade Sudent’s Views on Student-Teacher Relationship and its Effect on Academic Grades at School Level in Quetta District
Authors: Azeem Seema
Published: December 2021

The study explores the views of students, and investigates the effect of their views on their academic performances in the form of grades. The hypothesis tested in this study was thatthe positive relationshipbetween teacher and students leads to a high academic achievement. This research was conducted in Elementary schools of Quetta. The sample used for this study was 6 Elementary schools, both of male and female and the sample consisted of 200 students. The students were selected randomly from the chosen 6 schools. The nature of the study was quantitative and questionnaire was used for the collection of data. The outcomes of the study  reveal that a correlation exists between student relations with their teachers and the findings of the regression test show that positive relationship of teachers with their student impact student achievement.
EVALUATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM OF NON-PERMANENT EDUCATORS ASSIGNATION AT THE EDUCATIONAL UNITS IN ALOR REGENCY
Authors: Selly Alboin
Published: December 2021

Abstract:       This study aims to evaluate the implementation of assignation program of non-permanent educators by the Educational Department in Alor using the CSE-UCLA model which consist of four stages namely needs assessment, program planning, formative evaluation and summative evaluation. A descriptive-qualitative method was applied with interview techniques, questionnaires,and documentation for the data collection.  Based on the component of needs assessment, the program has a clear legal basis. However, since there is no technical guidance, therefore a different interpretation occurs during the implementation. Based on the program planning, the educational department has a program plan while the school needs aspect has not been fulfilled in terms of education degree and field of study. Formative evaluation, the assignation criteria for educators is based on school proposals using the administrative selection system. The placement of educators is not in accordance with the needs of schools based on the subject course. Summative evaluation, achievement of the program objectives has been attained in terms of quantity, although the improvements in terms of quality of assignation and placement of educatorare needed to be a concern to meet the schoolâ€™ needs
ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR TEACHERS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Syafaat Ariful Huda
Published: December 2021

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effects of organizational justice and trust directed at the organization as a whole on OCB. Also investigated were the influence between organizational justice and OCB, and the influence between trust and OCB.

Design/Methodology/Approach: From a sample of 273 teachers from 305 Private Junior High Schools in Tangerang District, we tested the hypothesized model using structural equation models.

Findings: The main findings are as follows: Findings show that organizational justice and trust have a positive effect on teacher’s OCB and OCB is also positively related to trust.

Originality/value: The results of the study show that teachers could be engaged in organizational citizenship behavior when they perceive fairness of the equality, needs, rights of opinion, transparency, neutrality and acknowledging the same position of the organizational process.
INNOVATION IN LEARNING PROPORTION USING PROPORTION TABLE
Authors: Oktaviani Maya
Published: December 2021

This study aims to develop learning of direct and inverse proportion by using proportion tables based on Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) approach. Data were collected from preliminary test results, classroom observation, field notes, student activity sheets, test answer sheets, and interviews conducted on students grade VII at Islamic Junior High School Al-Azhar 12 Rawamangun. Based on the results of the retrospective analysis, PMRI characteristics have a role in developing direct and inverse proportion. Students' activities in observing the context presented can train students to develop learning strategies and explore the use of proportion tables. The proportion table can present the students' informal thinking processes and assist students in solving problems related to direct and inverse proportion. The use of student construction results in each meeting contributes to assisting students in understanding the direct and inverse proportion. The conceptual relevance of this study attracts students' attention because the context is given close to student life. Thus, the proportion table can help students to understand the proportion so that they can resolve the proportion problems.
The EFFECT OF SCALE CATEGORY NUMBER ON ACCURACY OF PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF MATHEMATICAL SELF-EFFICACY SCALE
Authors: Setiadi Iwan , Kamaruddin Erdawaty , Soeprijanto
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical data about the effect of the number of scale categories on the accuracy of the predictive validity of the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale between those using a scale of three categories of answers and a scale of five categories of answers. This research uses a quantitative method of comparative study. The population in this study were all students of Madrasah Aliyah (Islamic High School) class XI IPA in North Jakarta in the academic year 2019/2020. Sampling was done by simple random sampling and there were 230 students from six public and private Madrasah Aliyah. The instruments used were tests and non-tests. The test instrument was in the form of a Mathematics learning achievement test and a non-test instrument in the form of a Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale. The research hypothesis was tested using a t-test. The results showed that the average standard error of estimating the predictive validity of the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale using the five answer categories scale was lower than the scale of the three answer categories. The conclusion of the study is the predictive validity of the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale which uses a five-answer category scale that is more accurate in predicting mathematics learning outcomes.
THE APPLICATION-BASED ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONS ITEM QUALITY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Rabiatul Adawiah
Published: December 2021

The activity of analyzing the items is one of the obligations for each teacher in an effort to improve the quality of the questions. However, for Civics Education teachers, this has never been done especially for questions created by the Subject Teachers' Consultation which are used for the end-semester assessment. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the questions based on distinguishing feature, level of difficulty, and effectiveness of the distractor. This study is an evaluation study of 50 items of  Civics Education Subject test in Banjarmasin, totaling 50 questions in the form of multiple choice questions at the end-semester test, academic year 2019/2020. The data collected are in the form of: (1) final exams question sheet, (2) question answer key sheet, and (3) students’ answer sheet. All data is obtained by documentation techniques. Data analysis uses the AnBuso version 8.0 application. The criteria for determining the quality of items are: (a) questions are considered good if the distinguishing feature is good/good enough, the level of difficulty is medium and all alternative answers are effective, (b) revision of alternative answers, if the distinguishing feature is good/good enough and the level of difficulty is medium, but the alternative there are ineffective answers, (c) good enough, if the distinguishing feature is good/good enough but the level of difficulty is easy/difficult, and (d) not good, if the distinguishing feature is not good.  The results of this study indicate that the questions used for the end-semester test at Junior High School in Banjarmasin are 50 % of poor quality.
SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN TEACHERS REVIEWED BASED ON DIFFERENCES IN TEACHER EMPLOYMENT STATUS IN DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Maulana Irzandy
Published: December 2021

This study discusses the social gaps in teachers reviewed from differences in teacher staffing status in DKI Jakarta. The status of existing teachers is; Civil Servant Teachers (PNS), Individual Employment Contract Teachers (KKI), and School Honorer Teachers. The research aims to see how gaps occur in teachers with different staffing statuses. The study used the concept of material disparity and Dahrendorf's authority to look at gaps in teachers. Previous studies of teacher inequality have been limited to policy gaps in teachers and teacher welfare gaps. This study shows that differences in teacher staffing status can lead to material and authority gaps occurring in teachers. This study uses qualitative case studies with informants of civil servant teachers, KKI teachers, and school honorer teachers in DKI Jakarta as research subjects.
PENILAIAN PRODUK KANCING BERBENTUK HURUF DENGAN BAHAN DASAR LIMBAH STYROFOAM
Authors: Fiqratul Aulia Fika , Lutfia Zahra Eneng , Suliyanthini Dewi
Published: December 2021

The research aims to find out the assessment of Styrofoam Letter-Shaped Button Products full colour theme, Rainbow inspiration source, style and look sporty off beat which is assessed based on product quality theory and design element theory and design principles. Descriptive qualitative research methods. By measuring based on aspects of comfort, benefits, the shape of the center of attention color and the element of design. Valued by 5 panelists. The results of the button accessories research has a design element of color shape texture was quite good. And can be used as a button for children's clothing. But in performance it takes a more perfect improvement process.
GREEN CONSUMPTION TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK FASHION PADA GENERASI MILENIAL
Authors: Nurbaity Arrsy Esty , Permata Nugraha Intan , Cholilawati Cholilawati
Published: December 2021

This study aims to (1) determine the concept of green consumption that influence the purchasing decisions for fashion products on millennials, (2) to determine the level of purchasing decisions for fashion products on the millennial, (3) to determine the effect of green consumption towards the purchasing decisions for fashion products on millennials. The method used a survey method with a quantitative approach. The samples in this study amounted to 200 respondents taken using incidental sampling techniques with questionnaires distributed online. Data analysis methods used Chi-Square testing. The results of this study indicate that (1) the green consumption variables have a very high value, which is 81.55%. (2) the variable of purchasing decisions has a very high value, 60%. (3) After chi-square testing, the results show that the data of ρ value 0.001 was smaller than the alpha (α) = 0.05 that H0 was rejected, H1 was accepted, so the result indicates that
DAYA TERIMA BUSANA SEKOLAH BERDASARKAN ESTETIKA DAN ERGONOMI
Authors: Prabawati Melly , Azis Nurul , Utami G. P Vera
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine how the acceptance of school clothing which is focused on upper clothing in accordance with the needs of persons with limb disabilities cerebral palsy with physical barriers based on aesthetic and ergonomic judgments. The research was conducted at Yayasan Pembinaan Anak Cacat, Jakarta, with 4 students with disabilities with cerebral palsy who were grouped into 3 types based on topography or the number of disabilities in the body. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study research approach. This research was conducted by making 6 clothing products with cotton and loose clothing concepts and combining the application of a flat collar, a semi-straight collar with laced sleeves, raglan sleeves and combination lacing sleeves. The data collection procedure was carried out through the stages of field observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that this form of loose clothing is in accordance with the conditions and needs of cerebral palsy students with physical obstacles. From the elements of form, texture, harmony and balance of this outfit, it fulfills the aesthetic assessment of the fashion. In addition, the ergonomics principle based on usability, safety, comfort and flexibility of movement of all components in this design meet the requirements, especially the use of velcro and buttons with a diameter of 1.5 cm which can help the ability to independently dress and train fine motor skills for people with cerebral palsy with physical disabilities.
Current Controversies and Decision-Making in the Management of Biceps Pathologies
Authors: Blaeser Anna M. , Markus Danielle H. , Hurley Eoghan T. , Gonzalez-Lomas Guillem , Strauss Eric J. , Jazrawi Laith M.
Published: December 2021

» Biceps tendon pathologies include a spectrum of injuries that range from mild tendinosis to complete tendon rupture.

» Tendinosis, the most common pathology, occurs more frequently with age and is likely related to chronic degeneration. On the other side of the spectrum of severity lies a rupture of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT), which may be accompanied by injury to the glenoid labrum.

» Superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears are frequently associated with biceps pathology. Surgical management for injuries of the bicipital-labral complex includes biceps tenodesis or tenotomy and SLAP repair. A consensus as to which of these procedures is the optimal choice has not been reached, and management may ultimately depend on patient-specific characteristics.

» Due to the relatively low incidence of distal biceps tendon rupture, agreement on the optimal management strategy has not been reached. Surgical repair, or reconstruction in the case of a chronic rupture, is often chosen. However, nonoperative management has also been utilized in older, less-active patients.
Morphological Variability of Mangosteen in Bengkulu Province (Variabilitas Morfologi Manggis di Provinsi Bengkulu)
Authors: Miswarti NFN , Calista Irma , Putra Wawan Eka , Sugandi Dedi , Rahman Taupik , Fauzi Emlan , Wahyuni Tri , Hartono Rudi , Sastro Yudi
Published: December 2021

Mangosteen is a genetic resource scattered and cultivated by farmers in Bengkulu Province. The study aimed at determining the morphological variability of mangosteen. The study was conducted from March to October 2015 in Bengkulu province using on-site supervision and observation methods. The number of plants observed was 34 genotypes and qualitatively and quantitatively characterized based on the Center for Plant Variety Protection and Agriculture Licensing (CPVPAL) guide. The data of morphology were analyzed by comparing the average value, variance, and standard deviation. Relationship or data grouping phenotypic characters appearance were identified using NTSYS software version 2.1. The results show wide variability in the density of leaf, flower size, and fruit weight, while narrow variability is occurred in plant height and the thickness of the rind. Data analysis of mangosteen genotypes generated similarity coefficients range from 0.71 to 0.91 (71-91%). Genotype 24 and 27 have the closest relationship, with the similarity coefficient of 91%.

Keywords

Mangosteen; Morphology; Variability; Character; Phenotypic

Abstract

Manggis merupakan sumber daya genetik yang tersebar dan dibudidayakan oleh petani di Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabilitas fenotipik buah manggis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2015 di Provinsi Bengkulu dengan menggunakan metode observasi langsung morfologi tanaman manggis yang telah berbuah. Jumlah tanaman yang diamati sebanyak 34 genotipe dan masing-masing genotipe diamati karakterisasi kualitatif dan kuantitatif berdasarkan panduan Pusat Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman dan Perizinan Pertanian (PPVTPP). Analisis data melalui perbandingan varian fenotipik dengan standar deviasi varian fenotipe diukur dengan nilai rata-rata, varians, dan standar deviasi. Kekerabatan atau pengelompokan data penampilan karakter fenotipik dilakukan dengan menggunakan software NTSys versi 2.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabilitas luas terdapat pada kerapatan daun, ukuran bunga, dan bobot buah, sedangkan variabilitas sempit pada karakter tinggi tanaman dan  ketebalan kulit buah. Analisis genotipe manggis menghasilkan koefisien kemiripan sebesar 0,71-0,91 (71-91%). Dari dendogram diperoleh genotipe yang memiliki tingkat kekerabatan yang tinggi terdapat pada genotipe 24 dan 27 dengan nilai kemiripan sebesar 91%.
The Impact of Carbon Pricing On International Competitiveness In The Case of Azerbaijan
Authors: Mukhtarov Shahriyar
Published: December 2021

This article examines the impact of carbon pricing on international competitiveness for Azerbaijan, utilizing different cointegration methods such as, ARDLBT, CCR, DOLS, and FMOLS to the data spanning from 1998 to 2019. The results of the various cointegration approaches are in line with each other. The estimation results revealed that carbon pricing has a negative and significant impact on the international competitiveness in Azerbaijan. The study concludes that the Azerbaijani policymakers should implement carbon pricing measures (implicit) to decrease energy heavy industries as well as use more renewable energy in order to prevent higher pollution effects of fossil fuels.
Investigation on Compressibility and Microstructure Evolution of Intact Loess During Wetting Process
Authors: Jian Tao , Kong Ling-wei , Bai Wei , Sun Zhi-liang
Published: December 2021

Loess is widely deposited in arid and semi-arid areas and is characterized by low dry density, developed pore space, and loose structure, which is not commensurate with that high structural strength and shear strength in the dry state. Many natural phenomena and experimental studies show that intact loess is very sensitive to the change of water content, with slight increases in water content causing a rapid reduction in strength. Abundant information is available in the literature for collapsibility of loess; however, the research on the evolution of loess compressibility during wetting is still minimal, which is very helpful to understand the loess collapsible deformation caused by long-term irrigation. In this paper, the evolution of compressibility of intact loess during wetting are studied by oedometer test, and the microstructure and pore size distribution (PSD) is characterized on intact loess specimens with different water content before and after oedometer tests by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) methods. The results show that the compression index (Cc) and secondary compression index (Cα) of intact loess depend on water content and vertical stress and change abruptly after the vertical stress exceeds the yield stress. The Cα/Cc values of the intact loess are not constant, which increased with the vertical stress to peak and then gradually decreased and tend to 0.025. Both wetting and loading can cause microstructural damage to the intact loess, in which loading leads to the collapse of the overhead structure and transformation from a bimodal PSD into a single PSD, and wetting intensifies the collapse of microstructure to form a compacted interlocking structure and promotes the transformation of medium pores into small pores.
Testing Mediation Effects in High-Dimensional Microbiome Data with False Discovery Rate Control
Authors: Yue Ye , Hu Yijuan
Published: December 2021

Background: Understanding whether and which microbes played a mediating role between an exposure and a disease outcome are essential for researchers to develop clinical interventions to treat the disease by modulating the microbes. Existing methods for mediation analysis of the microbiome are often limited to a global test of community-level mediation or selection of mediating microbes without control of the false discovery rate (FDR). Further, while the null hypothesis of no mediation at each microbe is a composite null that consists of three types of null (no exposure-microbe association, no microbe-outcome association given the exposure, or neither), most existing methods for the global test such as MedTest and MODIMA treat the microbes as if they are all under the same type of null. Results: We propose a new approach based on inverse regression that regresses the (possibly transformed) relative abundance of each taxon on the exposure and the exposure-adjusted outcome to assess the exposure-taxon and taxon-outcome associations simultaneously. Then the association p-values are used to test mediation at both the community and individual taxon levels. This approach fits nicely into our Linear Decomposition Model (LDM) framework, so our new method is implemented in the LDM and enjoys all the features of the LDM, i.e., allowing an arbitrary number of taxa to be tested, supporting continuous, discrete, or multivariate exposures and outcomes as well as adjustment of confounding covariates, accommodating clustered data, and offering analysis at the relative abundance or presence-absence scale. We refer to this new method as LDM-med. Using extensive simulations, we showed that LDM-med always controlled the type I error of the global test and had compelling power over existing methods; LDM-med always preserved the FDR of testing individual taxa and had much better sensitivity than alternative approaches. In contrast, MedTest and MODIMA had severely inflated type I error when different taxa were under different types of null. The flexibility of LDM-med for a variety of mediation analyses is illustrated by the application to a murine microbiome dataset, which identified a plausible mediator.Conclusions: Inverse regression coupled with the LDM is a strategy that performs well and is capable of handling mediation analysis in a wide variety of microbiome studies.
Effects of Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Yields of Lowland Rice-Wheat Rotation System in East China
Authors: He Hao , Li Dandan , Wu Ze , Zhang Tiancheng , Pan Feifan , Wang Fengwen , Yang Shuyun , Ma Youhua
Published: December 2021

The subtropical region of East China is characterized by abundant water and temperature resources conducive to crop cultivation, and large areas of lowland have been widely used for agricultural planting. To explore the feasible methods of greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction for rice-wheat rotation system, shallow ditch (SD) and deep ditch (DD) treatments in the wheat season were set up for drainage to control the water content in soil, with the conventional non-ditching treatment as the control group (CG). Results showed that methane (CH4) emissions from paddy soil were in the majority in global warming potential (GWP) in rice-wheat rotation system. In the three years, compared with that of CG, the CH4 cumulative emissions of SD and DD were reduced by 65.80% and 63.42% (rice season), and 101.37% and 77.28% (wheat season), respectively; the nitrous oxide (N2O) cumulative emissions of SD and DD were reduced by 27.62% and 11.30% (rice season), and 1.53% and -37.40% (wheat season), respectively; the total GWP produced by SD and DD in the three years was reduced by 58.78% and 52.22%, respectively; GHG emission intensity (GHGI) of SD and DD declined by 60.67% and 53.85%, respectively; the CH4 emission flux was significantly positively correlated with atmospheric temperature and 5 cm ground temperature, but negatively correlated with soil Eh; when the soil Eh value was lower than -150 mV, the CH4 emission flux increased significantly, indicating that -150 mV was the key soil Eh value for CH4 emissions in this area; in addition, both SD and DD led to markedly decrease in soil organic matter content and an increase in soil pH. The findings indicate that SD and DD not only ensure stably increasing production, but also effectively reduce GHG emissions.