bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Webcams and virtual teams: an impact model
Authors: D. Olson Joel , D. Appunn Frank , A. McAllister Chad , K. Walters Kimberly , Grinnell Lynn
Published: July 2014

Purpose

– The paper aims to address the question, “What is the impact of web-based video via webcams on virtual team trust and effectiveness?” Change and evolution in team perceptions over time are described. The result is the creation of a theoretical model describing the effect of webcams on virtual team development.

Design/methodology/approach

– A qualitative phenomenological heuristic case study was used to explore the individual expectations and experiences of the team members over a six-week period. To strengthen reliability and validity, two qualitative methods, content analysis and constant comparative analysis — a means of grounded theory, were used to both test the historic basis of the existing literature on trust and effectiveness in virtual teams and to explore how the use of webcams influenced the work, interactions and effectiveness of a virtual team. Both qualitative methods involved different pairs of researchers using inter-rater coefficients to address coding reliability and validity. Results from the two methods were then compared and contrasted.

Findings

– The resulting model highlights the importance of ongoing, formal differentiated training on new technology. This research also suggests careful management of technology change and its deployment to enhance outcomes of various organization forms.

Research limitations/implications

– Given the nature of the qualitative study, the findings are not generalizable, but may illumine the understanding of webcams and technology adaptation in similar virtual teams.

Practical implications

– The resulting model highlights the importance of ongoing, formal differentiated training on new technology. This research also suggests careful management of technology change and its deployment to enhance outcomes of various organization forms. The study incorporates Technology Acceptance Theory and applications of the Kirton Adaptation-Innovation Inventory.

Originality/value

– With the increase in bandwidth on the Internet, technologies such as webcams have become more viable for use in virtual teams.
Supply chain management of teamwork: six guidelines for success
Authors: Shetach Ana
Published: July 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to draw on know-how from the study of Team and Project Management, to seek insights into enhancing the effectiveness of supply chain management (SCM) ventures, with the aim of contributing to their effective and efficient decision-making and operation processes.

Design/methodology/approach

– Based on an analysis of the obstacles that may stand in the way of the efficient implementation of SCM processes, six specific conditions for such mega-projects’ success are proposed. A couple of practical tools for their attainment are presented.

Findings

– The article suggests that the construction of the teams involved, as well as the working procedures that may render their work effective, should be flexible and made adaptable to the specific assignment or case, which is handled by each team,at the time; and that the optimal set of procedures to adopt, throughout the working sessions of the teams, which are involved in the process, are those which will gear the team with the means to contribute to the eventual materializing and finalization of a quality and practical set of decisions for the benefit of the overall SCM process.

Practical implications

– The article offers a practical step-by-step set of six guidelines to lead executives and managers of SCM processes toward a relatively high level of control in the establishment of effective and efficient team-decision-making and implementation processes within SCM inter-and intra-organizational teams.

Originality/value

– Limited attention has been given in the literature to the studying of practical and applicable managerial techniques for successful decision-implementation processes in SCM teams. This article focuses on this neglected domain, proposing a solution, in the form of an integrative micro-level SCM operational strategy.
The multifaceted roles of the interspecies signalling molecule indole in Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Lee Jin‐Hyung , Kim Yong‐Guy , Baek Kwang‐Hyun , Cho Moo Hwan , Lee Jintae
Published: July 2014

Bacteria utilize signal molecules to ensure their survival in environmental niches, and indole is an interspecies and interkingdom signalling molecule, which is widespread in the natural environment. In this study, we sought to identify novel roles of indole in soil‐borne bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Agrobacterium tumefaciens was found not to synthesize indole and to degrade it rapidly. The addition of exogenous indole dose‐dependently inhibited A. tumefaciens growth and decreased its motility. Surprisingly, indole markedly increased A. tumefaciens biofilm formation on polystyrene, glass and nylon membrane surfaces and enhanced its antibiotic tolerance. Transcriptional analysis showed that indole markedly up‐regulated several biofilm‐related (celA, cheA, exoR, phoB, flgE, fliR and motA), stress‐related genes (clpB, dnaK, gsp, gyrB, marR and soxR) and efflux genes (emrA, norM, and Atu2551) in A. tumefaciens, which partially explained the increased biofilm formation and antibiotic tolerance. In contrast, the plant auxin indole‐3‐acetic acid did not affect biofilm formation, antibiotic tolerance or gene expression. Interestingly, indole was found to exhibit several similarities with antibiotics, as it inhibited the growth of non‐indole‐producing bacteria, whereas these bacteria countered its effects by rapidly degrading indole, and by enhancing biofilm formation and antibiotic tolerance.
“… but in its proper place. …”Religion, Enlightenment, and Australia's Secular Heritage: The Case of Robert Lowe in Colonial NSW 1842–1850
Authors: Chavura Stephen
Published: July 2014

Over the last few decades historians have been rediscovering Australia's religious heritage, often in response to entrenched narratives depicting Australia's social, intellectual, and political history as a triumph of secular enlightenment over vestiges of Old World partnerships of religion, state, and society. That Australia has a rich secular heritage is indisputable, but to draw a sharp distinction between the “secular” and the “religious” is anachronistic and misguided, and any attempt to tell the story of Australia's secular heritage must acknowledge that the “secular” often found its justification flowing from more general religious premises grounded in enlightenment ideals such as rational religion, rational piety, and general Christianity. Indeed, when liberal democracy was emerging in the colonies the “secular” had to be justified in terms acceptable to the public square and these terms were broadly religious. Robert Lowe is an apt case study for divining the nature of the secular in colonial Australia, for his thought and political activity show the subtle and complex way that ideals such as “enlightenment,” “religion,” and “secular” entered into dialogue rather than warfare with one another and contributed to social institutions judged suitable for a fledgling pluralist nation.
A Secular Australia? Ideas, Politics and the Search for Moral Order in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Australia
Authors: Melleuish Gregory
Published: July 2014

This article argues that the relationship between the religious and the secular in Australia is complex and that there has been no simple transition from a religious society to a secular one. It argues that the emergence of apparently secular moral orders in the second half of the nineteenth century involved what Steven D. Smith has termed the “smuggling in” of ideas and beliefs which are religious in nature. This can be seen clearly in the economic debates of the second half of the nineteenth century in Australia in which a Free Trade based on an optimistic natural theology battled with a faith in Protection which had powerful roots in a secular form of Calvinism espoused by David Syme. The article concludes with an analysis of twentieth‐century historian W. K. Hancock's comparison of the medieval commonwealth and Machiavelli, concluding that Hancock found both the Free Trade and the Protectionist visions of moral order to be inadequate.
The Political Theology of The Morpeth Review, 1927–1934
Authors: Tregenza Ian
Published: July 2014

The interwar years saw the initiation of a number of important periodicals that reflected the emerging vitality of public intellectual life in Australia. One such publication was The Morpeth Review, a quarterly that appeared between the years 1927 and 1934. Edited by three Anglican intellectuals — E. H. Burgmann, Roy Lee, and A. P. Elkin — it included contributions from prominent historians, political scientists, anthropologists, cultural critics, and theologians. Though its range of concerns was broad, it was guided by a basic vision of intellectual and social life that aimed at reconciling the conflicting elements of modernity. Such conflicts included the divide between the world of work and the family, the divide between classes, between nations, and between church and state, or more broadly, between the secular and the religious spheres. This article will suggest that in the endeavour to reconcile such competing elements The Morpeth Review expressed a kind of political theology that was modernist in inspiration (welcoming science and the critical consciousness) and drew on several overlapping traditions of thought including liberal Anglicanism, Christian socialism, and British idealism, all of which rejected the modern tendency to compartmentalise life and with it to relegate religion to the private sphere.
Domestic adjustment costs, interdependence and dissent in the Council of the European Union
Authors: Arregui Javier , Thomson Robert
Published: July 2014

Liberal international relations theory posits that the behaviour of states is affected both by domestic interests and other states with which they are linked in significant patterns of interdependence. This article examines the relevance of this proposition to states' behaviour in the most powerful institution in the furthest reaching example of regional integration in the world today: the Council of the European Union. Compared to previous research, more detailed evidence is analysed in this article on the substance of the political debates that preceded Council votes. It is found that states' disagreement with both discretionary and nondiscretionary decision outcomes affects the likelihood that they dissent at the voting stage. Moreover, in line with the theory posited here, the behaviour of states' significant trading partners has a particularly marked effect on the likelihood that they will dissent.
Persistence of firm‐level profitability in the European dairy processing industry
Authors: Hirsch Stefan , Hartmann Monika
Published: July 2014

Based on autoregressive (AR) models and Arellano‐Bond dynamic panel estimation, this article analyses profit persistence in the European dairy processing industry. The sample comprises 590 dairy processors from the following five countries: Belgium, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The AR models indicate that cooperatives which account for around 20% of all firms in the dairy processing sector are not primarily profit oriented. In addition, the results point toward a high level of competition as profit persistence is rather low even if cooperatives are excluded. The panel model reveals that short‐ as well as long‐run profit persistence is influenced by firm and industry characteristics.
Linguistic representation of emotion terms: Variation with respect to self‐construal and education
Authors: Dost‐Gözkan Ayfer , Küntay Aylin C.
Published: July 2014

The present study examines the linguistic representations of emotion terms in relation to educational attainment and self‐construal through a two‐part narration task. Eighty Turkish adults recounted four events that they experienced in the last five years of their lives (event‐description task) and then described what they felt during these events (emotion‐elicited narration task). The results show that higher levels of educational attainment and autonomous‐related self‐construal predicted higher levels of linguistic abstractness in emotion terms, whereas higher levels of related self‐construal predicted lower levels of linguistic abstractness in emotion terms. Comparisons of the level of abstractness of emotion terms in event‐descriptions and emotion‐elicited narrations indicate that while the linguistic abstractness of emotion terms was similar across the two tasks in the lower‐educated group, it increased in the emotion‐elicited narration task in the higher‐educated group. The role of formal education and self‐construal in emotional language use were discussed as sources of within‐culture variation.
Human absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties of drug molecules: a plethora of approaches
Authors: Beaumont Claire , Young Graeme C. , Cavalier Tom , Young Malcolm A.
Published: July 2014

Human radiolabel studies are traditionally conducted to provide a definitive understanding of the human absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties of a drug. However, advances in technology over the past decade have allowed alternative methods to be employed to obtain both clinical ADME and pharmacokinetic (PK) information. These include microdose and microtracer approaches using accelerator mass spectrometry, and the identification and quantification of metabolites in samples from classical human PK studies using technologies suitable for non‐radiolabelled drug molecules, namely liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These recently developed approaches are described here together with relevant examples primarily from experiences gained in support of drug development projects at GlaxoSmithKline. The advantages of these study designs together with their limitations are described. We also discuss special considerations which should be made for a successful outcome to these new approaches and also to the more traditional human radiolabel study in order to maximize knowledge around the human ADME properties of drug molecules.
Italian external and multicentric validation of the MD Anderson Cancer Center nomogram and prognostic index for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients: analysis of 1502 cases
Authors: Gentile Massimo , Mauro Francesca R. , Rossi Davide , Vincelli Iolanda , Tripepi Giovanni , Recchia Anna G. , De Stefano Laura , Campanelli Melissa , Giannarelli Diana , Bossio Sabrina , Morabito Lucio , Vigna Ernesto , Gaidano Gianluca , Foà Robin , Morabito Fortunato
Published: July 2014

We performed an external and multicentric validation of the nomogram and prognostic index (PI) proposed by the MD Anderson Cancer Center to prognostically stratify chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients in 1502 CLL cases. All six parameters involved in the nomogram and PI (age, sex, absolute lymphocyte count, number of lymph node groups, Rai stage and β2‐microglobulin) were independently associated with survival. The nomogram was accurate in predicting survival (c‐index = 0·82). According to the PI, 38·7% of patients were at low‐risk, 58·3% at intermediate‐risk and 3% at high‐risk. The estimated median survival times were: not reached for low‐risk, 13·4 years for intermediate‐risk and 3·4 years for high‐risk. The estimated median and 5‐year survival by PI were similar to those originally reported. The PI remained a predictor of survival when analysis was limited to 847 Rai stage 0 (P < 0·0001) and 151 clinical monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (cMBL) cases (P = 0·033). Finally, the PI allowed prediction of time to therapy in all patients (P < 0·0001), in Rai 0 (P < 0·0001) and in cMBL cases (P = 0·044). Our results confirm the ability of the PI to predict prognosis, even in early stage disease cases. The study also extended the utility of the PI to cMBL cases.
Direct imaging electron microscopy (EM) methods in modern structural biology: Overview and comparison with X‐ray crystallography and single‐particle cryo‐EM reconstruction in the studies of large macromolecules
Authors: Miyaguchi Katsuyuki
Published: July 2014

Determining the structure of macromolecules is important for understanding their function. The fine structure of large macromolecules is currently studied primarily by X‐ray crystallography and single‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy (EM) reconstruction. Before the development of these techniques, macromolecular structure was often examined by negative‐staining, rotary‐shadowing and freeze‐etching EM, which are categorised here as ‘direct imaging EM methods’. In this review, the results are summarised by each of the above techniques and compared with respect to four macromolecules: the ryanodine receptor, cadherin, rhodopsin and the ribosome–translocon complex (RTC). The results of structural analysis of the ryanodine receptor and cadherin are consistent between each technique. The results obtained for rhodopsin vary to some extent within each technique and between the different techniques. Finally, the results for RTC are inconsistent between direct imaging EM and other analytical techniques, especially with respect to the space within RTC, the reasons for which are discussed. Then, the role of direct imaging EM methods in modern structural biology is discussed. Direct imaging methods should support and verify the results obtained by other analytical methods capable of solving three‐dimensional molecular architecture, and they should still be used as a primary tool for studying macromolecule structure in vivo.
A clinical prospective study on alveolar bone augmentation and dental implant success in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Erdogan Özgür , Uçar Yurdanur , Tatlı Ufuk , Sert Murat , Benlidayı Mehmet Emre , Evlice Burcu
Published: July 2014

Objectives

The objective of this prospective, controlled clinical study was to determine the outcomes of dental implant therapy with staged guided bone regeneration procedures in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Patients and methods

Twenty‐four patients were included in the study. Half of the patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (group 1) while the other half (group 2) of the patients consisted of patients without diabetes. The edentulous maxillary anterior/premolar regions with sufficient vertical height but inadequate horizontal width were treated with staged guided bone regeneration technique and with one or two implant‐supported fixed restorations. The patients were followed up at least for 12 months. The parameters that were evaluated were radiographic evaluations on CBCT images and periapical radiographs, histomorphometric analysis, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and wound‐healing parameters. The data were analyzed statistically.

Results

A total of 43 implants were placed in 24 patients (22 implants in group 1 and 21 implants in group 2). The survival rates of implants were 100% for both groups. The success rate of implants was 95% for group 1 and 100% for group 2. None of the parameters including CBCT findings, RFA values, success rates and wound‐healing scores showed a significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion

Staged guided bone regeneration is a feasible augmentation procedure for the treatment of horizontal bone deficiencies of the maxillary anterior/premolar regions in well‐controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
Nondisseminated histoplasmosis of the trachea
Authors: Bhojwani Nicholas , Hartman Jason Brett , Taylor David C. , Herbert Mark , Corriveau Michael
Published: July 2014

Histoplasma capsulatum can rarely affect the trachea. We report the case of a 68‐year‐old woman with rheumatoid arthritis on immunosuppressive therapy who presented with fevers, worsening shortness of breath, nonproductive cough and subjective throat hoarseness and fullness. Chest computed tomography demonstrated no tracheal findings. Bronchoscopy found mucosal irregularity, nodularity and vesicular regions in the proximal trachea extending seven centimeters distal to the vocal cords. Also seen was an edematous, exudative left vocal cord with polyps and an ulcerative lesion. Silver staining and culture and wash of the tracheal biopsy revealed Histoplasma capsulatum. She was treated with oral itraconazole then briefly on intravenous amphotericin for rising Histoplasma urinary antigen levels. She continued treatment 24 months following diagnosis with minimal dyspnea. Histoplasma tracheitis has been proposed as an indicator of disseminated infection. However, our patient did not demonstrate other organ manifestations. Histoplasma tracheitis should be considered in a differential diagnosis of tracheal lesions even in the absence of systemic involvement.
Tuning the developing brain to emotional body expressions
Authors: Missana Manuela , Atkinson Anthony P. , Grossmann Tobias
Published: July 2014

Reading others' emotional body expressions is an essential social skill. Adults readily recognize emotions from body movements. However, it is unclear when in development infants become sensitive to bodily expressed emotions. We examined event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) in 4‐ and 8‐month‐old infants in response to point‐light displays (PLDs) of happy and fearful body expressions presented in two orientations (upright and inverted). The ERP results revealed that 8‐month‐olds but not 4‐month‐olds respond sensitively to the orientation and the emotion of the dynamic expressions. Specifically, 8‐month‐olds showed (i) an early (200–400 ms) orientation‐sensitive positivity over frontal and central electrodes, and (ii) a late (700–1100 ms) emotion‐sensitive positivity over temporal and parietal electrodes in the right hemisphere. These findings suggest that orientation‐sensitive and emotion‐sensitive brain processes, distinct in timing and topography, develop between 4 and 8 months of age.
INFORMATION VALUE UNDER DEMAND UNCERTAINTY AND ENDOGENOUS MARKET LEADERSHIP
Authors: Gilpatric Scott M. , Li Youping
Published: July 2014

In an oligopoly model with firms choosing to produce in one of two periods, we identify the circumstance under which a firm's having early information regarding stochastic demand results in market leadership. High demand volatility leads to Stackelberg competition with the information‐advantaged firm leading. In the N‐firm case an equilibrium with multiple leaders and multiple followers emerges endogenously. In a duopoly information acquisition game we identify conditions that determine whether neither, one, or both firms will pay to acquire early information and note that one firm's obtaining early information may generate a positive externality benefitting its competitor. Both symmetric and asymmetric outcomes are possible and Stackelberg market leadership may occur in equilibrium, but only when firms have different costs of information. Our finding that an information advantage may convey leadership which then affects the value of information to the players applies to other settings exhibiting first‐mover advantage such as certain public good provision games. (JEL C72, D82, L13)
The dilemma of reporting suspicions of child maltreatment in pediatric dentistry
Authors: Kvist Therese , Wickström Anette , Miglis Isabelle , Dahllöf Göran
Published: July 2014

This study examined the factors that lead specialists in pediatric dentistry to suspect child abuse or neglect and the considerations that influence the decision to report these suspicions to social services. Focus group discussions were used to identify new aspects of child maltreatment suspicion and reporting. Such discussions illuminate the diversity of informants' experiences, opinions, and reflections. Focus groups included 19 specialists and postgraduate students in pediatric dentistry. We conducted video‐recorded focus group discussions at the informants' dental clinics. All sessions lasted approximately 1.5 h. We transcribed the discussions verbatim and studied the transcripts using thematic analysis, a method well‐suited to evaluating the experiences discussed and how the informants understand them. The analysis process elicited key concepts and identified one main theme, which we labeled ‘the dilemma of reporting child maltreatment’. We found this dilemma to pervade a variety of situations and divided it into three sub‐themes: to support or report; differentiating concern for well‐being from maltreatment; and the supportive or unhelpful consultation. Reporting a suspicion about child maltreatment seems to be a clinical and ethical dilemma arising from concerns of having contradicting professional roles, difficulties confirming suspicions of maltreatment, and perceived shortcomings in the child‐protection system.
Taking it to the Streets: Family Therapy and Family‐Centered Services
Authors: Madsen William C.
Published: July 2014

This article examines the interconnections between family therapy, specifically postmodern and poststructural approaches, and family‐centered services. It introduces particular applications of family‐centered services such as systems of care, wraparound, family‐driven care, the recovery movement, and family group conferencing and then summarizes the heart of family‐centered approaches as a shift inhowservices are provided to families. It examines the “fit” between the values and principles of family‐centered practice and postmodern/poststructural approaches and then offers particular ideas and practices from these approaches that can help frontline workers inhabit a spirit of respect, connection, curiosity and hope in their work.
Effects of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate at two application rates on fermentation and aerobic stability of maize silage
Authors: Bernardes T. F. , De Oliveira I. L. , Lara M. A. S. , Casagrande D. R. , Ávila C. L. S. , Pereira O. G.
Published: July 2014

This study evaluated two potassium sorbate (PS) and sodium benzoate (SB) application rates in improving the aerobic stability of maize silage. Treatments included no additive, the addition of PS at 1 and 2 g kg−1 fresh matter (FM) and the addition of SB at 1 and 2 g kg−1 FM. Four replicates of each treatment were ensiled in 15‐L plastic jars. The silages were analysed for their fermentative characteristics and were subjected to an aerobic stability test with pH and yeast and mould count measurements. Considering fermentation quality and aerobic stability, both additives were effective. The PS was more active against yeasts during aerobic exposure. When the additives were applied at 2 g kg−1, the silages were more stable (256 h, on average) than those with 1 g kg−1 (119 h, on average) and control (61 h). Aerobic deterioration was more pronounced in the controls than in the treated silages. Silages treated at 2 g kg−1 had consistent effects on pH values and yeast counts over 288 h of aerobiosis. Overall, PS and SB applied at 2 g kg−1 were more effective in improving aerobic stability.
Liver stiffness measured by acoustic radiation force impulse elastography reflects the severity of liver damage and prognosis in patients with acute liver failure
Authors: Kuroda Hidekatsu , Kakisaka Keisuke , Oikawa Takayoshi , Onodera Mio , Miyamoto Yasuhiro , Sawara Kei , Endo Ryujin , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Takikawa Yasuhiro
Published: July 2014

Aim

We measured liver stiffness (LS) in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography and investigated the usefulness of measuring LS for predicting the prognosis of ALF patients.

Methods

From April 2010 to December 2013, we evaluated 63 patients with acute liver disease. The subjects included 41 patients with acute hepatitis (AH), 16 patients with severe AH (SAH), who had no hepatic encephalopathy despite plasma prothrombin time of 40% or less, and six patients with fulminant hepatitis (FH) diagnosed according to the criteria of the Japanese Study Group. The relationships among shear wave velocity (SWV), clinical diagnosis, liver function tests and prognosis were evaluated. Receiver–operator curve (ROC) analysis was performed to investigate whether ARFI elastography exhibits potential usefulness for the prediction of FH.

Results

The mean SWV on admission were 1.98 ± 0.55, 2.61 ± 0.58 and 3.66 ± 0.86 m/s in the AH, SAH and FH groups, respectively. The SWV was significantly higher in the FH group than in the other groups (P < 0.001), and in the SAH group than in the AH group (P = 0.002). The area under the ROC for predicting FH was 0.924 (sensitivity, 83.3%; specificity, 93.0%). The SWV was significantly increased in non‐survivors, while remaining decreased in survivors (P = 0.002).

Conclusion

The SWV measured by ARFI elastography reflects severity of liver damage, and serial changes in SWV predict the prognosis of ALF patients. The SWV is an early and precise biomarker of FH.
Skin photoprotection and consumption of coffee and polyphenols in healthy middle‐aged Japanese females
Authors: Fukushima Yoichi , Takahashi Yoshinari , Hori Yusuke , Kishimoto Yoshimi , Shiga Kaedeko , Tanaka Yuiko , Masunaga Erika , Tani Mariko , Yokoyama Mihoko , Kondo Kazuo
Published: July 2014

Background

Reactive oxygen species are known to mediate skin photoaging, which results in the formation of pigmented spots and wrinkles. Coffee is the largest source of polyphenols, which supplies a large number of antioxidants in one's daily life. However, little is known about how much coffee and polyphenol consumption influences skin health. In this study, a cross‐sectional survey of the diet, environmental factors, and skin conditions was conducted in healthy Japanese females to explore the influence of coffee and polyphenol consumption on skin conditions.

Materials and methods

Non‐smoking, healthy female subjects with moderate sun exposure in their daily lives were recruited for this study (n = 131, age range: 30–60 years old) and recorded their food and beverage intake and life circumstances using questionnaires. The skin water content, transepidermal water loss, and elasticity were measured on the cheek of each subject using non‐invasive methods: a Corneometer, a Tewameter, and a Cutometer, respectively. Wrinkles and pigmented spots were evaluated using digital photograph images.

Results

Consumption of coffee and total polyphenols from all sources and from coffee showed a statistically significant correlation towards a decrease in pigmented spot scores (P < 0.05). Subjects with high total polyphenol consumption from coffee or chlorogenic acids (the third tertile group) showed the lowest score of ultraviolet pigmented spots (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Coffee and polyphenol consumption was associated with low facial pigmented spots in Japanese middle‐aged females. We speculated that coffee helps protect human skin from photoaging, and polyphenols, including chlorogenic acids, may contribute to the decreased hyperpigmentation of pigmented spots.
A comparison of a 5% potassium hydroxide solution with a 5‐fluorouracil and salicylic acid combination in the treatment of patients with anogenital warts: a randomized, open‐label clinical trial
Authors: Işik Selda , Koca Rafet , Sarici Gülben , Altinyazar Hilmi Cevdet
Published: July 2014

Anogenital warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), over 30 types of which are infectious for the anogenital tract. Without treatment, warts may regress spontaneously, remain unchanged, or increase in number and size. This study compared the efficacy of a topical 5% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution with that of a topical 0.5% 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and 10% salicylic acid (SA) combination in the treatment of anogenital warts. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive topical KOH or 5‐FU + SA. Both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in numbers of lesions (P < 0.05), but this difference was not significant at week 12 (P > 0.05). The mean number of lesions decreased from baseline to week 12 from 17.03 ± 12.64 to 3.73 ± 7.30 and from 16.13 ± 12.97 to 3.10 ± 4.90 in the KOH and 5‐FU + SA groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Excellent clearance was achieved by 70.0 and 76.7% of patients in the KOH and 5‐FU + SA groups, respectively. Marked improvement was seen in 13.3 and 20.0% of patients in the KOH and 5‐FU + SA groups, respectively. At week 16, relapse was observed in two patients in the KOH group and three in the 5‐FU + SA group (P > 0.05). No serious adverse events were reported. Neither treatment was more efficacious. Safety and ease of application are important goals in treatments for anogenital warts. A 5% KOH solution is a promising alternative treatment because it is effective and inexpensive and causes minimal side effects.
Eosinophilic folliculitis occurring after stem cell transplant for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and review
Authors: Zitelli Kristine , Fernandes Neil , Adams Brian B.
Published: July 2014

Background

Eosinophilic folliculitis (EF) comprises classic eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐related EF, and infantile EPF subtypes. A fourth proposed subtype describes EF associated with hematologic malignancy. Recently, EF has occurred after bone marrow or stem cell transplantation (SCT).

Objectives

We report a unique case of EF after haploidentical allogeneic SCT for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and review the literature for similar cases.

Methods

A 56‐year‐old, HIV‐negative ALL patient presented with an intensely pruritic papulopustular eruption. He had undergone haploidentical allogeneic SCT 65 days earlier, which he had tolerated well. Histopathology revealed a moderately dense perifollicular and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate with many eosinophils extending from the superficial dermis to the subcutaneous fat. Fungal stains were negative. These findings were highly consistent with EF.

Results

Therapy with a class II topical corticosteroid ointment, oral doxepin, and emollients achieved near‐resolution of the lesions within eight weeks. Transition to topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment applied twice daily to residual lesions yielded complete clearance by 12 weeks with mild post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation. The patient's ALL remains in remission.

Conclusions

A fourth proposed subtype of EF is associated with HIV‐negative hematologic disease. This subtype is distinguished by a predictable timeframe to presentation and a relatively rapid response to therapy. Although EF is an important consideration in all patients with hematologic malignancy, clinically heightened suspicion is warranted during the 2–3 months after transplant.
Cholestatic hepatic injury associated with vismodegib, aspirin, and naproxen use: a case study and review of vismodegib safety
Authors: Ash Mark M. , Jolly Puneet S.
Published: July 2014

Background

Vismodegib is a novel hedgehog pathway inhibitor approved to treat advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the United States. Several studies have demonstrated efficacy for treatment of new and existing BCC in both basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) and non‐BCNS patients. However, severe and numerous adverse events are associated with vismodegib use. Therefore, we have also examined all of the currently published clinical trials and tabulated the available adverse events for review. The most frequently reported adverse events include muscle spasms (53.4%), dysgeusia/ageusia (49.3%), alopecia (38.8%), fatigue (32.0%), nausea (28.4%), weight loss (24.2%), and decreased appetite (16.5%).

Case Study

We report a case of a previously healthy 72‐year‐old male with a history of innumerable BCCs who developed severe nausea, jaundice, and cholestasis with significantly elevated BUN, creatinine, and liver enzymes one month after starting vismodegib. The patient began using over‐the‐counter nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat severe, vismodegib‐induced myalgia. No other new medications were started. Our patient had no history of liver disease.

Conclusions

Herein, we describe a potential serious adverse effect associated with vismodegib use. Whether the illness is directly attributable to the medication or the result of drug‐drug interactions between vismodegib and NSAIDs, practitioners should be aware of the possibility of hepatic injury in patients on vismodegib. Furthermore, patients need to be informed of the potential risks of vismodegib and should be monitored closely to ensure that life‐threatening complications of treatment are avoided.
Titanium mesh in the reconstruction of a malar defect: a case report
Authors: Massa António Fernandes , Otero‐Rivas Mercedes , Rodríguez‐Prieto Manuel Ángel
Published: July 2014

Background

Increasing rates of non‐melanoma skin cancer support the use of prosthetic materials for the closure of post‐surgical defects with cartilage or bone involvement. The use of allografts, especially titanium, is well established in maxillofacial procedures but is uncommon in dermatologic surgery.

Methods

A 92‐year‐old man presented with a basal cell carcinoma measuring 2×3 cm on the right cheek. Computed tomography showed infiltration of the anterior maxillary sinus wall. The tumor was excised under general anesthesia. The final defect comprised skin, muscle, the central portion of the maxillary bone and part of the maxillary sinus mucous. The defect was closed with titanium mesh and covered with a rotation flap from the right cheek. The secondary defect created by the preauricular rotation was closed with a free skin graft from the supraclavicular area.

Results

The use of titanium mesh enabled satisfactory esthetic and functional results to be achieved safely and quickly.

Conclusions

Titanium mesh facilitates the repair of large defects and avoids the second intervention and increased risk for infection associated with bone grafting. Reconstruction with titanium mesh is considered a valuable technique in post‐trauma fractures and post‐oncologic defects but remains underused in dermatologic surgery. The present experience supports its use as a reliable option in bone replacement.
Clinical and experimental assessment of the effects of a new topical treatment with praziquantel in the management of rosacea
Authors: Bribeche Mohamed Ridha , Fedotov Valery P. , Gladichev Vitaly V. , Pukhalskaya Daria M. , Kolitcheva Natalia L.
Published: July 2014

Background

Rosacea is a common, chronic, and inflammatory skin disease. The burden imposed by this condition requires that new topical treatments be sought to enlarge the arsenal of drugs available in order to better manage this disease.

Objectives

This study was conducted to carry out an in vitro/in vivo evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of 3% praziquantel (PZQ) ointment and to determine its efficacy and safety in the treatment of rosacea.

Methods

Patients with rosacea (n = 65) participated in a 16‐week, randomized, single‐blind pilot study of the effects of twice‐daily monotherapy with 3% PZQ ointment vs. placebo (vehicle ointment). Efficacy was assessed clinically using the Investigator's Global Assessment Scale (IGAS) and the Clinical Erythema Assessment Scale (CEAS). Patients’ quality of life was also determined using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The antimicrobial potential of 3% PZQ ointment was assessed by agar diffusion assay.

Results

Scores on the IGAS and CEAS showed PZQ ointment to have a statistically significant therapeutic advantage over the placebo treatment (P < 0.001). At week 16, the PZQ group demonstrated a statistically significant greater reduction in CEAS score than the placebo group (P < 0.001). Analysis of CEAS scores showed that 41.9% of patients in the PZQ group and 18.2% of those in the placebo group achieved a CEAS score equivalent to a rating of “none”. Mean scores on the DLQI at baseline and at the end of the study were, respectively, 15.8 and 4.1 in the praziquantel group. The PZQ‐treated group also experienced a statistically significant improvement in comparison with the placebo group at week 16 (P < 0.001). The inhibitory zone indicating the extent of antimicrobial activity of 3% PZQ ointment ranged from 6 mm to 17 mm. No serious treatment‐related adverse events occurred in either treatment group.

Conclusions

Use of 3% PZQ ointment twice daily for 12 weeks resulted in significantly better effects than a placebo treatment in improving rosacea and the patient's quality of life.
Sun protection in a pill: the photoprotective properties of Polypodium leucotomos extract
Authors: El‐Haj Nura , Goldstein Norman
Published: July 2014

Background

Physical blocks (i.e. wearing appropriate clothing), exposure avoidance, and the use of sunscreens are the main methods of photoprotection currently used. However, phytochemical and natural botanical extracts such as polypodium leucotomos, a tropical fern found in Central and South America, demonstrate a strong potential as adjuncts to sunscreen protection.

Method

A review of the literature was performed focusing on the photoprotective properties of PL extracts, including antioxidant, immunoregulatory, anti‐inflammatory and antitumorigenic effects in the context of sunburn, photodermatoses, chronic skin damage, photoaging, and skin cancer.

Results

PL supplementation acts at a molecular and cellular level to enhance endogenous antioxidant systems and inhibit generation of reactive oxygen species, thus decreasing UV‐mediated oxidative DNA mutations. PL has also been shown to accelerate removal of UV‐induced photoproducts, highlighting its anti‐carcinogenic role. By reducing UV‐induced inflammatory responses and inhibiting extracellular matrix remodeling, PL demonstrates some protective effects against photoaging and PUVA induced phototoxicity.

Conclusion

The use of a systemic protective agent would provide significant advantages such as a more uniform coverage over the total body surface area, regardless of individual factors such as potency of the creams, amount applied, sweating, or bathing. Oral administration of PL extracts and its favorable safety profile could have significant implications in the prevention of skin cancer.
The effect on pain of three different methods of intramuscular injection: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kara Dilek , Yapucu Güneş Ülkü
Published: July 2014

This paper is the report of a study to determine the effect on pain of internally rotating the foot, pointing the toes down and/or using the Z‐track technique during intramuscular injection and to investigate differences in pain perception related to gender and body mass index. A randomized controlled trial was carried out from September to November 2010 on 75 patients receiving diclofenac sodium intramuscularly at a university hospital in Zonguldak, Turkey. The primary outcome measure collected was pain intensity, measured on a visual analogue scale. Each subject received three injections by the same investigator using three different techniques. The three techniques were randomly allocated, and the subjects were blinded to the injection technique being used. After each injection, another investigator, who had no prior knowledge of which injection technique was used, immediately assessed pain intensity using the visual analogue scale. Research findings demonstrated that the Z‐track and internally rotated foot techniques significantly reduced pain intensity during intramuscular injection. Statistically significant differences in pain intensity were observed between the three injection techniques. The results supported the hypothesis that the internally rotated foot and Z‐track techniques significantly reduce pain intensity.
Factors associated with cognition recovery among elders with mild cognitive impairment in Korea
Authors: Kang Y. , Kim M. , Jung D. , Cha C. , Kim M.
Published: July 2014

Background

Of elders with mild cognitive impairment, around half recover their cognitive function at some point in time. However, very little is known about the factors that influence their cognitive change towards recovery.

Aim

This study evaluated the role of depression, instrumental activity of daily living and sleep quality as they affect cognition recovery among community‐dwelling elders.

Methods

The study follows a longitudinal comparative research design using secondary data analysis. Community‐dwelling elders with mild cognitive impairment were assessed twice with a 1‐year interval to assess their levels of cognition. Adult participants were drawn from those who visited a community health centre, were aged 65 or over and who were assessed as having MCI.

Results

Those with mild cognitive impairment when compared with the normal cognition group were more likely to be younger, have more education, living with their spouses and had better cognitive function at baseline assessment than other participants. Predictors for cognitive recovery among elders with mild cognitive impairment were age, depression and cognitive function at baseline assessment.

Limitations

Participants included only those who visit a community health centre in an urban area of Korea, so the findings may not be applicable to other elders with less mobility or who live in rural areas.

Implications for nursing and health policy

With the understanding that cognitive function and depression predict the recovery of mild cognitive function, nurses might be able to identify and target those older adults who are likely to achieve recovery of cognitive function. Additionally, health policy options, as suggested by the study as having the potential to improve mild cognitive impairment recovery, could include public education strategies.
Factors associated with post‐natal anxiety among primiparous mothers in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha S. , Adachi K. , Petrini M.A. , Shrestha S.
Published: July 2014

Background

In Nepal, new mothers are fatigued by childcare responsibilities because of lack of knowledge and preparation for their new role. Knowledge deficit and adherence to traditional health practices place infants at risk. Some cultural practices for the care of newborns may cause tetanus, hypothermia or other life‐threatening illnesses. Maternal education, previous experience of newborn care, economic status, relationship problems with husband or mothers‐in‐law and dissatisfaction with social relations are the variables of interest for this study.

Aims

To examine the association between socio‐demographic variables and post‐natal anxiety among primiparous mothers in Nepal.

Design

The study was designed as a correlational study.

Setting

A major maternity hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Participants

The sample were 216 primiparous mothers who were followed at 5–6 weeks after delivery.

Methods

Three instruments were used for data collection: a demographics questionnaire, the Newborn Care Knowledge Questionnaire and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults.

Results

The mothers' knowledge of newborn care, general educational level and income were inversely related to maternal anxiety, that is, mothers with a lower educational level and socio‐economic status demonstrated a higher level of post‐natal anxiety. Poor relationships with husbands or mothers‐in‐law and low social support presented potential for the development of anxiety and depression during post‐partum period.

Conclusion

Maternal education, socio‐economic status and knowledge of newborn care were major factors of post‐natal anxiety. On the other hand, women with low income and education, poor relationships with their husbands or mothers‐in‐law, and insufficient social support are vulnerable to the development of moderate to severe anxiety.

Health policy

Policy implications from these results indicate the need for support and funding from the Ministry of Health for education for women at hospitals, which must work together to offer newborn care education during the ante‐natal and post‐natal periods.