bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of Base Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Schöttle Christian , Gyger Fabian , Feldmann Claus
Published: January 2018

Aiming at novel synthesis strategies for base metal nanoparticles, three different types of liquid‐phase synthesis were explored. These synthesis strategies allow a straightforward and reliable access to reactive base metal nanoparticles that could yet hardly be obtained via liquid‐phase methods. By now, Mo0, W0, Fe0, Re0, Zn0, Ti0 and Gd0 nanoparticles with particle diameters below 10 nm could be obtained. The as‐prepared base metal nanoparticles are highly reactive and can be directly reacted to, e.g., alloys, intermetallics, bimetallic heterostructures, and metal nitrides.
Tuning Aromaticity ofpara‐Substituted Benzene Derivatives with an External Electric Field
Authors: Dominikowska Justyna , Palusiak Marcin
Published: January 2018

Substituent effects are phenomena which play an important role in organic chemistry, especially when aromatic species are considered. For this class of systems, the question of the interrelation between substituent effect and aromaticity arises. The relationship between aromaticity and substituent effects appears to be of a competitive nature. This work examines changes in aromaticity inpara‐substituted benzene derivatives exposed to external electric fields of various intensities. Three systems with different substituent electron‐accepting/donating properties are studied, namelyp‐aminophenol,p‐nitrobenzonitrile andp‐nitrophenol. In these cases, the competitive character between substituent effects and aromaticity is emphasised. It is also shown that aromaticity (and the substituent effect) can be tuned using an external electric field applied to the system.
The Effect of Dopant‐Free Hole‐Transport Polymers on Charge Generation and Recombination in Cesium–Bismuth–Iodide Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Huimin , Johansson Malin B. , Johansson Erik M. J.
Published: January 2018

The photovoltaic characteristics of CsBi3I10‐based solar cells with three dopant‐free hole‐conducting polymers are investigated. The effect on charge generation and charge recombination in the solar cells using the different polymers is studied and the results indicate that the choice of polymer strongly affects the device properties. Interestingly, for the solar cell with poly[[2,3‐bis(3‐octyloxyphenyl)‐5,8‐quinoxalinediyl]‐2,5‐thiophenediyl] (TQ1), the photon‐to‐current conversion spectrum is highly improved in the red wavelength region, suggesting that the polymer also contributes to the photocurrent generation in this case. This report provides a new direction for further optimization of Bi–halide solar cells by using dopant‐free hole‐transporting polymers and shows that the energy levels and the interaction between the Bi–halide and the conducting polymers are very important for solar cell performance.
Selective Voltammetric Measurements of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Presence of Common Interferences Using Cyclic Square‐voltammetry at Unmodified Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Cho Thomas , Wang Joseph
Published: January 2018

Selective electrochemical measurements of epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NE) in the presence of large excess of the common interfering ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) are accomplished using cyclic square‐wave voltammetry (C‐SWV) at unmodified carbon electrodes. Such use of bare carbon electrodes is based on monitoring the reduction peaks of the EP and NE oxidation products and relies on the reversible electrochemical behavior of these catecholamines compared to that of AA and UA and on the rich information content and high speed and sensitivity of C‐SWV. Detection limits of 3 μM EP and NE are estimated in the presence of 100 fold excess AA and UA. The C‐SWV operation at the uncoated carbon electrode facilitates also the simultaneous measurements of EP and NE. The new C‐SWV protocol enhances the resolving power of unmodified carbon electrodes and represents an extremely useful and simple addition to the arsenal of electrochemical techniques for real‐time monitoring of dynamic brain processes.
Efficiency and Energy Analysis of Power Plants with Amine‐Impregnated Solid Sorbents CO2 Capture
Authors: Lara Yolanda , Romeo Luis M. , Lisbona Pilar , Espatolero Sergio , Escudero Ana I.
Published: January 2018

Some of the relevant post‐combustion CCS research trends includes the reduction of the energy consumption required for regeneration. It is a priority to find novel solvents that show high affinity for CO2 together with an ease of regeneration and reuse. Recently, impregnated solid sorbents have been suggested to tackle with these issues. In particular amine‐impregnated solid sorbents require less regeneration energy due to the reduction in water content and the higher heat capacity of solids. As a consequence, they may have the ability to reduce the efficiency penalty of CCS in power plants. Several studies have quantified the efficiency penalty of CO2 capture in commercial power plants with amine absorption. It is generally assumed a reduction of 7–10 efficiency points. Nevertheless, there is not a clear quantification of the effect of solid sorbent capture plants on efficiency penalty. This paper tries to shed some light on this issue. The objective of this work is to demonstrate and quantify the effect on net power and efficiency penalty of using amine‐impregnated solid sorbents when applied as an option to carbon capture. A full process integration of the system and an overall optimisation for power generation have been carried out. Interesting results have been achieved; it is possible to reduce the efficiency penalty down to 6.7 efficiency points. This figure could make feasible the impregnated amine solid sorbent as a future and promising option for CO2 capture.
The Pseudo‐Equivalent Groups Approach as an Alternative to Common‐Item Equating
Authors: Kim Sooyeon , Lu Ru
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of linking test scores by using test takers' background data to form pseudo‐equivalent groups (PEG) of test takers. Using 4 operational test forms that each included 100 items and were taken by more than 30,000 test takers, we created 2 half‐length research forms that had either 20 (strong anchor) or 10 (weak anchor) items in common. Because the 2 research forms were assembled from a single form that had been administered in a large‐scale operational testing setting, we obtained the direct equating function between the 2 research forms through the single‐group design and treated it as a criterion or true equating function between the 2 research forms. We equated the 2 research forms in a common‐item design using the poststratification equipercentile (PSE) and chained equipercentile (CHEQ) methods, and then compared the common‐item results to the results derived from the PEG linking. Because the new and reference groups differed substantially in ability, by study design, the CHEQ method produced more accurate results than did the PSE method in both the strong and weak anchor conditions. CHEQ using 10 common items was as effective as PSE using 20 common items. PSE using 10 common items produced the least accurate results among the five methods. The PEG linking produced more accurate results compared to the PSE method using the weak anchor.
Using dated molecular phylogenies to help reconstruct geological, climatic, and biological history: Examples from Colombia
Authors: Richardson James E. , Madriñán Santiago , Gómez‐Gutiérrez María Camila , Valderrama Eugenio , Luna Javier , Banda‐R. Karina , Serrano Julieth , Torres María Fernanda , Jara Orlando Adolfo , Aldana Ana María , Cortés‐B. Roció , Sánchez Dayana , Montes Camilo
Published: January 2018

Attempts at historical reconstruction are based on limited data. We are more likely to produce accurate historical reconstructions by utilizing information from diverse sources and pooling data within the relevant research communities which will allow us to build up a moving picture of the geological, climatic, and biological evolution of our planet. We suggest that dated phylogenies of plants can contribute greatly to a better understanding of Earth history. Timing of phylogenetic splits of lowland restricted lineages on either side of the Andes could provide information on the timing of montane uplift and associated climatic changes. The timing of the arrival and diversification of organisms restricted to specific climatic regimes at a particular altitude can provide information on the age at which mountains reached a height adequate for that climate once corrected for global climate changes. As a model for study, we discuss how dated phylogenies in biome rich Colombia may contribute to an understanding of geological and climatic change in north‐western South America. Lowland wet forest restricted lineages separated from the mid‐Miocene, whereas lineages primarily restricted to mid‐altitude cloud forests began to diversify from the mid‐ to late‐Miocene and the majority of high‐altitude Páramo lineages began to diversify during the Pliocene. The age of diversification of altitudinally restricted lineages therefore gives an indication of the age at which particular altitudes may have been reached.
3D imaging of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Arctic Ocean from Rayleigh‐wave group‐velocity analysis
Authors: Corchete V.
Published: January 2018

A 3D S‐velocity model for the crust and upper mantle beneath the Arctic Ocean is determined from the analysis of fundamental‐mode Rayleigh‐wave group velocity. This new model allows the characterization of the principal features present beneath the Arctic Ocean, in terms of S‐velocity, for a depth range from 0 to 400 km. In the depth range from 0 to 5 km, the basins with thicker sediments are imaged by the lowest S‐velocity values (2.2–2.3 km/s), whereas the highest S‐velocity values (3.2–3.3 km/s) are associated with a thin sedimentary cover. In the depth range from 5 to 10 km, the lowest S‐velocity values (2.6–2.7 km/s) are also shown in areas with a thick sedimentary cover (>10 km). The higher S‐velocity values (4.0–4.2 km/s) are associated with the areas in which the Moho depth is overcome. In the depth range from 10 to 35 km, also the S‐velocity values are higher (>4 km/s) for the zones in which the Moho depth is overcome. The S‐velocities determined in this study allows to consider the Alpha‐Mendeleev Ridge (formed by the Alpha Ridge and the Mendeleev Ridge) as a continuous feature, because the Alpha Ridge and the Mendeleev Ridge are characterized by similar S‐velocities (e.g., ~3.6 km/s for depths from 10 to 15 km). This region also can be considered as an oceanic large igneous province, in terms of S‐velocity, because the determined S‐velocity pattern is characteristic of these oceanic regions. In general, for the lithosphere (from 35 to 180 km depth), the S‐velocity can be easily correlated with the different age of the Arctic Ocean regions and with the surface tectonic features, whereas for the asthenosphere and the mantle below it (from 180 to 400 km depth), this correlation is not clear. In general, a small S‐velocity contrast (0.1–0.2 km/s) is found between the lithosphere and asthenosphere, which makes it difficult to determine this boundary. Opposite to this, the high S‐velocity contrast (0.4–0.5 km/s) found at the asthenosphere base allows the easy determination of this boundary.
Interest rate pass‐through: Divisia user costs of monetary assets and the federal funds rate
Authors: Valcarcel Victor J.
Published: January 2018

Evidence of substantial pass‐through in short‐term rates and other rates of financial and monetary assets has been typically rejected by the data. This paper investigates level and volatility transmissions among the federal funds rate and the user cost of various monetary assets, which include both instruments of public debt (e.g., t‐bills) and private debt (e.g., commercial paper). Results suggest substantial and time‐varying pass‐through. Higher degrees of bidirectional pass‐through occur between the federal funds rate to the user costs of more liquid assets—both in levels and volatilities. Federal funds rate spillovers propagate faster onto more liquid rates as well. These findings have important implications for monetary transmission not only across the term structure but along markets of varying liquidity.
Is It Time for Going Beyond the P‐Value Paradigm With the Estimation of the Probability of Clinical Benefit as a Criterion for Assessing the Outcomes of a Clinical Trial? A Case Study in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Gomeni Roberto , Bressolle‐Gomeni Françoise , Fava Maurizio
Published: January 2018

The conventional statistical methodologies for evaluating treatment effect are based on hypothesis testing (P‐value). Alternative measurements of treatment effect have been proposed for anti‐infective treatments using the probability of target attainment. A general framework is proposed to extend this methodology to other therapeutic areas. A disease trial model is used for estimating the probability of reaching a treatment effect associated with relevant clinical benefits, in complement to the evaluation of the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis. A case study is presented in depression, where disease status is evaluated using bounded clinical scores (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale), and detectable treatment effect is inversely proportional to placebo response. The β‐regression approach is used to model Hamilton scale scores, and a placebo‐related criterion is proposed for determining the clinical benefit. The probability of reaching a clinical benefit represents a reliable criterion for replacing the P‐value paradigm in the assessment of the outcomes of clinical trials.
Quantification, dissipation behavior and risk assessment of ethion in green pea by gas chromatography‐electron capture detector
Authors: Jan Ishrat , Dar Alamgir A. , Mubashir Sofi , Alam Wani Ashraf , Mukhtar Malik , Sofi Khurshid A. , Dar Irshad H. , Sofi Javid A.
Published: January 2018

Residue investigation was carried out to scrutinize the persistence, dissipation behavior, half‐life, and risk assessment of ethion on green pea fruit by spraying ethion at the fruiting stage followed by another application at 10 day intervals. The samples were extracted by using a quick, easy, low‐cost, effective, rugged, and safe method, and the residues of ethion were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Here we report a novel, accurate, and cost‐effective gas chromatography method for the determination of average deposits of ethion on green pea. The initial deposits were found to be 4.65 mg/kg following the application of insecticide. Residues of ethion reached below the detection limit of 0.10 mg/kg after 25 days at recommended dosage. The half‐life of ethion was found to be 4.62 days. For risk assessment studies, the 25th day will be safe for consumers for the consumption of green peas. The developed method is simple, sensitive, selective, and repeatable and can be extended for ethion‐based standardization of herbal formulations containing green pea and its use in pesticide industries.
Silicon carbide nanomaterial as a coating for solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Tian Yu , Feng Juanjuan , Wang Xiuqin , Sun Min , Luo Chuannan
Published: January 2018

Silicon carbide has excellent properties, such as corrosion resistance, high strength, oxidation resistance, high temperature, and so on. Based on these properties, silicon carbide was coated on stainless‐steel wire and used as a solid‐phase microextraction coating, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were employed as model analytes. Using gas chromatography, some important factors that affect the extraction efficiency were optimized one by one, and an analytical method was established. The analytical method showed wide linear ranges (0.1–30, 0.03–30, and 0.01–30 μg/L) with satisfactory correlation coefficients (0.9922–0.9966) and low detection limits (0.003–0.03 μg/L). To investigate the practical application of the method, rainwater and cigarette ash aqueous solution were collected as real samples for extraction and detection. The results indicate that silicon carbide has excellent application in the field of solid‐phase microextraction.
Multistage inhibitors of the malaria parasite: Emerging hope for chemoprotection and malaria eradication
Authors: Poonam  , Gupta Yash , Gupta Nikesh , Singh Snigdha , Wu Lidong , Chhikara Bhupender Singh , Rawat Manmeet , Rathi Brijesh
Published: January 2018

Over time, several exciting advances have been made in the treatment and prevention of malaria; however, this devastating disease continues to be a major global health problem and affects millions of people every year. Notably, the paucity of new efficient drug molecules and the inevitable drug resistance of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, against frontline therapeutics are the foremost struggles facing malaria eradication initiatives. According to the malaria eradication agenda, the discovery of new chemical entities that can destroy the parasite at the liver stage, the asexual blood stage, the gametocyte stage, and the insect ookinete stage of the parasite life cycle (i.e., compounds exhibiting multistage activity) are in high demand, preferably with novel and multiple modes of action. Phenotypic screening of chemical libraries against the malaria parasite is certainly a crucial step toward overcoming these crises. In the last few years, various research groups, including industrial research laboratories, have performed large‐scale phenotypic screenings that have identified a wealth of chemical entities active against multiple life stages of the malaria parasite. Vital scientific and technological developments have led to the discovery of multistage inhibitors of the malaria parasite; these compounds, considered highly valuable starting points for subsequent drug discovery and eradication of malaria, are reviewed.
Efficient structure‐preserving schemes for good Boussinesq equation
Authors: Chen Meng , Kong Linghua , Hong Yuqi
Published: January 2018

The good Boussinesq equation is endowed with symplectic conservation law and energy conservation law. In this paper, some new highly efficient structure‐preserving methods for the good Boussinesq equation are proposed by improving the standard finite difference method (FDM). The new methods only use and calculate values at the odd (or even) nodes to reduce the computational cost. We call this kind of methods odd‐even method (OEM). Numerical results show that the OEM and the standard FDM have nearly the same numerical errors under the same mesh partition. However, the OEM is much more efficient than the standard FDM, such as the consumed CPU time and occupied memory.
Lebesgue regularity for differential difference equations with fractional damping
Authors: Lizama Carlos , Murillo‐Arcila Marina , Leal Claudio
Published: January 2018

We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions belonging to the vector‐valued space of sequences
for equations that can be modeled in the form

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4757:mma4757-math-0002
where X is a Banach space,
A is a closed linear operator with domain D(A) defined on X, and G is a nonlinear function. The operator Δγ denotes the fractional difference operator of order γ>0 in the sense of Grünwald‐Letnikov. Our class of models includes the discrete time Klein‐Gordon, telegraph, and Basset equations, among other differential difference equations of interest. We prove a simple criterion that shows the existence of solutions assuming that f is small and that G is a nonlinear term.
Stability of two‐component incommensurate fractional‐order systems and applications to the investigation of a FitzHugh‐Nagumo neuronal model
Authors: Brandibur Oana , Kaslik Eva
Published: January 2018

For two‐dimensional autonomous linear incommensurate fractional‐order dynamical systems with Caputo derivatives of different orders, necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the asymptotic stability and instability of the null solution. These conditions are expressed in terms of the elements of the system's matrix, as well as of the fractional orders of the Caputo derivatives, leading to a generalization of the well known Routh‐Hurwitz conditions. These theoretical results are then used to investigate the stability properties of a two‐dimensional fractional‐order FitzHugh‐Nagumo neuronal model. The occurrence of Hopf bifurcations is also discussed. Numerical simulations are provided with the aim of exemplifying the theoretical results, revealing rich spiking behavior, in comparison with the classical integer‐order FitzHugh‐Nagumo model.
Association of changes in mental health with weight loss during intensive lifestyle intervention: does the timing matter?
Authors: Alhalel N. , Schueller S. M. , O'Brien M. J.
Published: January 2018

Objective

This study examined changes in mental health symptoms and weight during weight loss treatment. It was hypothesized that worsening mental health would negatively impact weight loss.

Methods

Data were analyzed from a trial of 92 Hispanic women with overweight/obesity and prediabetes, who were randomized to receive intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), metformin 1,700 mg daily, or standard care. Depression, anxiety and perceived stress were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 months. Six‐ and 12‐month weight change was compared among participants whose symptom scores worsened on any mental health measure (W) vs. improved or remained stable on all three (I/S).

Results

Among ILI participants, the 12‐month difference in weight loss between I/S and W groups was statistically significant: −5.1 kg (P = 0.001). From baseline to 6 months, ILI participants in I/S and W groups experienced comparable weight loss. However, from 6 to 12 months, W participants regained weight, whereas I/S participants experienced continued weight loss. In the metformin and standard care arms, there was no weight difference between I/S and W groups.

Conclusions

In ILI, 12‐month improvement or stability in mental health was significantly associated with weight loss. Weight trajectories between I/S and W groups diverged at 6 months.
Exceeding the daily dosing limit of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs among ibuprofen users
Authors: Kaufman David W. , Kelly Judith P. , Battista Deena R. , Malone Mary Kathryn , Weinstein Rachel B. , Shiffman Saul
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective and very commonly used, but also have side effects. We determined prevalence of NSAID dosing exceeding the daily limit (EDL) and identified related user characteristics and dosing patterns among current ibuprofen users.

Methods

Online 1‐week diary study of 1326 ibuprofen users. NSAIDs were identified by list‐based prompting; respondents were not required to know their medications were NSAIDs. Details of hourly use were recorded by respondents daily. Deviations from dosing directions were programmatically determined afterwards. An exit survey obtained information on demographics, medical history, physical and mental health status, attitudes regarding label reading and dosing behavior, and knowledge of product label instructions.

Results

Most diary users (90%) took over‐the‐counter ibuprofen during the week; 37% also took non‐ibuprofen NSAIDs. Most did not recognize all products taken as NSAIDs. EDL occurred among 11% of users for ibuprofen, 4% of users for other NSAIDs, and on 9.1% of NSAID usage days. EDL was associated with deviations from detailed dosing directions, particularly exceeding the 1‐time dose, which occurred more often with medications with 1‐pill doses. Personal characteristics associated with EDL included male sex, ongoing pain, poor physical function, daily smoking, having the attitudes of “choosing my own dose” and not starting with the lowest dose, and poor knowledge of the recommended 1‐time and 24‐hour doses.

Conclusions

The prevalence of EDL among NSAID users is nontrivial, and it is associated with potentially modifiable factors. Educating consumers about NSAIDs and their dosing directions could reduce excess dosing.
Establishment of a CRISPR/Cas9‐Mediated Cysltr1 Knockout Mouse Model and iTRAQ‐Based Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Mao Junjie , Hu Xiaojun , Pang Pengfei , Zhou Bin , Zhang Yaqin , Li Dan , Shan Hong
Published: January 2018

Purpose

To clarify the role of Cysteinyl leukotrienes receptor type 1 (CYSLTR1) and find the potential predictors of CYSLTR1 antagonists (leukotriene receptor antagonists [LTRAs]) responsiveness in vivo.

Experimental Design

Cysltr1 knockout (KO) mouse model is established by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The phenotype of Cysltr1 KO mice are tested by western blotting (WB), histological examinations, and experiment of zymosan A‐induced peritoneal inflammation. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the Cysltr1 KO and the wild type (WT) mice lung tissues are analyzed by the iTRAQ‐based proteomic technology. WB is used to validate a subset of DEPs. The total nitric oxide (NO) concentration in lung tissues are measured.

Results

The Cysltr1 KO mice show the decrease of vascular permeability in comparison with the WT mice. Our quantitative proteomic analysis identified 239 DEPs in total. WB confirms an increased expression of protein kinase C‐δ (PKC‐δ), while N(G),N(G)‐dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) and β‐Catenin expression are reduced. The total NO concentrations are significantly reduced in lungs from Cysltr1 KO mice.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

This study not only provides a comprehensive dataset on overall protein changes in Cysltr1 KO mice lung tissues, but also sheds light on interpreting the description of lower vascular permeability in Cysltr1 KO mice.
Bayesian dose‐finding phase I trial design incorporating historical data from a preceding trial
Authors: Takeda Kentaro , Morita Satoshi
Published: January 2018

We consider the problem of incorporating historical data from a preceding trial to design and conduct a subsequent dose‐finding trial in a possibly different population of patients. In oncology, for example, after a phase I dose‐finding trial is completed in Caucasian patients, investigators often conduct a further phase I trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose in Asian patients. This may be due to concerns about possible differences in treatment tolerability between populations. In this study, we propose to adaptively incorporate historical data into prior distributions assumed in a new dose‐finding trial. Our proposed approach aims to appropriately borrow strength from a previous trial to improve the maximum tolerated dose determination in another patient population. We define a “historical‐to‐current (H‐C)” parameter representing the degree of borrowing based on a retrospective analysis of previous trial data. In simulation studies, we examine the operating characteristics of the proposed method in comparison with 3 alternative approaches and assess how the H‐C parameter functions across a variety of realistic settings.
Management challenges related to long‐term ecological impacts, complex stressor interactions, and different assessment approaches in the Danube River Basin
Authors: Hein T. , Funk A. , Pletterbauer F. , Graf W. , Zsuffa I. , Haidvogl G. , Schinegger R. , Weigelhofer G.
Published: January 2018

For centuries, rivers have experienced massive changes of their hydromorphic structures due to human activities. The Danube River, the second largest river in Europe, is a case in point for long‐term societal imprint. Resulting human‐induced pressures are a key issue for river management, aiming to improve the ecological conditions and guarantee the provision of ecosystem services. As the most international river basin in the world, the management of the Danube is particularly challenging and needs a well‐organized cooperation of 19 nations. The recent river basin management plan has identified pollution and hydromorphological alterations as most pressing problems, but it has also acknowledged newly emerging issues. In this article, we present 3 specific examples of highly relevant issues for the future river basin management of the Danube: (a) long‐term impacts in the catchment such as changes in flood patterns and potential ecological consequences; (b) complex feedback loops linking the spread of neozoa with intertwined stressor responses due to river engineering for different purposes; and (c) linkages between different assessment approaches based on European legal frameworks to analyse the specific pressures at different spatial scales. These examples highlight the need for a more integrated approach in future Danube River Basin management schemes. Furthermore, large‐scale effects such as climate change and interactions of multiple pressures need to be addressed in future management to increase resilience of the river system and to allow a sustainable ecosystem‐based management of rivers.
Volatile metabolites or pollen characteristics as regional markers of monofloral thyme honey?
Authors: Karabagias Ioannis Konstantinos
Published: January 2018

Thirty‐one monofloral thyme honeys were collected from professional beekeepers from four different regions in Greece during harvesting year 2012–2013. Aqueous solutions of honeys were subjected to headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry to record complete volatile pattern, whereas pollen screening was accomplished using the melissopalynological analysis. The primary objective was to investigate the volatile pattern and whether specific volatile metabolites or pollen grain percentages could serve as regional markers. Results showed that 37 volatile compounds, belonging to different classes, were identified and semi‐quantified, using the internal standard method. Application of multivariate analysis showed that ten volatile metabolites recorded significant variations (p<0.05) according to geographical origin of thyme honey. Linear discriminant analysis classified honeys according to geographical origin providing a classification rate of 92.3% using the cross validation method based on the statistically significant volatile metabolites. This was not the case for the overall correct classification rate based on pollen grain percentages which was only 51.6%. Volatile compounds analysis, apart from the specific information on the development of monofloral thyme honey aroma, proved to be a fast and more accurate tool for its discrimination according to production area, compared to melissopalynology.
Agency‐Without‐Choice: The Visual Rhetorics of Long‐Acting Reversible Contraception Promotion
Authors: Mann Emily S. , Grzanka Patrick R.
Published: January 2018

This manuscript reports the findings of a critical visual discourse analysis of long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) promotion materials. The authors argue that these contemporary LARC promotion images produce a discourse they identify as “agency‐without‐choice,” in which LARC devices are framed as the only responsible contraceptive option precisely because they are so empowering. The authors situate LARC promotion within its historical and transnational travels and suggest that LARC promotion be understood within the context of twenty‐first century neoliberalism. Finally, they consider the implications of agency‐without‐choice in terms of ongoing scholar‐activism for reproductive justice. A video abstract is available at https://tinyurl.com/ya83dxdo.
A force analogy method (FAM) assessment on different static condensation procedures for frames with full Rayleigh damping
Authors: Bahar Hassan , Bahar Arash
Published: January 2018

In this paper, influence of different static condensation methods on nonlinear time history response of structures in presence of full Rayleigh damping matrix has been studied. Equation of motion is derived in details for 2 newly introduced cases; Full Static Condensation Model and Reduced Static Condensation Model (RSCM or RSCM‐1). Nonlinear analyses are performed with state‐space form of equation of motion along with force analogy method. A novel aspect of this study in comparison with previous researches is to consider full Rayleigh damping in formulations for static condensation in nonlinear structural analysis. Numerical examples are presented for the proposed methods. In addition, the same structure was modeled in finite element method and analyzed by the OpenSEES program. Comparisons demonstrate that results, which are obtained from introduced methods in this article, are in good agreement with the finite element method results.

In addition to explaining the equation derivations in main article, proofs for some equations have been demonstrated in appendices. The comparisons show that both RSCM and Full Static Condensation Model lead to almost the same results but in case of using RSCM‐1, the responses have some deviation from other condensation methods.
Shear lag analysis of I‐shaped structural members
Authors: Ni Xiangyong , Cao Shuangyin
Published: January 2018

I‐shaped structural members are widely used in civil engineering, mainly including I‐shaped shear walls and beams. In order to establish a unified method for analyzing the shear lag effect of I‐shaped structural members, first, the shear lag warping displacement is assumed as a quadratic parabola, and the additional deflection caused by shear lag effect is taken as the generalized displacement. The principle of minimum potential energy is used to establish the calculation method of the normal stress and deflection of I‐shaped shear walls and beams with 3 boundaries, which consider the self‐balancing conditions of shear lag warping stress. Then numerical examples are used to verify the accuracy of the calculation method; meanwhile, the shear lag characteristics of I‐shaped structural members are investigated. At last, the calculation method is used to study the shear lag effect of T‐shaped structural members. Studies show that the analytical results obtained by the calculation method are close to the finite element method results, and the calculation method can predict the flange normal stresses and negative shear lag phenomenon well. Moreover, the calculation method in this paper can be used to analyze the shear lag of T‐shaped structural members.
Trimeric Units [Ag3X8]5– with Face‐sharing Polyhedra in the Series Tl2AgX3 (X = Cl, Br, I): Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Vibrational Spectra
Authors: Hillebrecht Harald , Ade Martin
Published: January 2018

The ternary compounds Tl2AgX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) were obtained as colorless single crystals by reaction of the binary halides AgX and TlX (X = Cl, Br, I) together with concentrated HX solutions under hydrothermal conditions. Silica glass ampoules were filled to 50 % with these solutions and heated for several days up to 250 °C. The reaction was carried out in steel autoclaves to prevent bursting. All the compounds are isostructural and crystallize trigonally with the already known Tl2AgI3 type (R3, Z = 9), but Tl2AgCl3 [a = 9.5075(6), c = 18.585(2) Å, R1 = 0.035, wR2 = 0.062] and Tl2AgBr3 [a = 9.8758(6), c = 19.1532(14) Å, R1 = 0.046, wR2 = 0.085] were characterized for the first time. The crystal structure consists of unique [Ag3X8]5– units, which are formed by a central [AgX6]5– octahedron with two face‐sharing [AgX4]4– tetrahedra in trans position. The Ag+···Ag+ distance is nearly independent from the anion size and amounts to 3.13–3.16 Å. The distance results just from repulsive interactions. Vibrational spectra were recorded for the complete series. DTA measurements confirm the peritectic formation of both compounds with X = Cl and Br.
Experimental and numerical investigation of single pores for identification of effective metal foams properties
Authors: Heinze S. , Bleistein T. , Düster A. , Diebels S. , Jung A.
Published: January 2018

Metal foams are an interesting class of biomimetic materials that are used as lightweight construction elements or as energy absorbers. Foams are micro heterogeneous materials, and the global mechanical properties of a component are strongly affected by the local micro mechanical properties due to a complex structure‐property relationship. The present contribution deals with the identification of effective micro material parameters of aluminum foams from new micro‐compression tests on individual foam pores. Finite element simulations using a fully resolved micro model are applied for parameter identification by inverse calculation. Using the Finite Cell Method, the identified parameters are then used to simulate different pores, so as to reduce the effort of preprocessing by automatically deriving spatial discretizations starting from image‐based models such as CT‐scans.
How Might the Genetics Profession Better Utilize Social Media
Authors: Moore Rebekah A. , Matthews Anne L. , Cohen Leslie
Published: January 2018

Social media is a common method of communication in people's personal lives and professional settings. Gallagher et al. (2016) recommended, “it is time for genetic counselors to embrace social media as a means of communicating with patients or other healthcare professionals.” Full members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) in the USA and Canada and genetics patients in Cleveland, OH, were surveyed to determine interest in using social media for patient‐provider interactions. Both cohorts indicated that patient privacy and confidentiality would be a concern; however, survey results indicated patients would be interested in using social media to receive general information about genetic counseling and to learn about genetics services. Genetic counselors indicated privacy issues were not concerning if social media were to be used in this capacity. The majority of genetic counselor participants (88.7%) indicated they would welcome national guidelines for patient‐provider social media use. Data from this study demonstrated that sharing what to expect at a genetic counseling appointment, defining genetic counseling, and announcing community outreach events are possible ways genetic counselors could utilize social media to communicate with and educate patients.
Thirteen years of subglacial lake activity in Antarctica from multi-mission satellite altimetry
Authors: Siegfried Matthew R. , Fricker Helen A.
Published: January 2018

The ability to detect the surface expression of moving water beneath the Antarctic ice sheet by satellite has revealed a dynamic basal environment, with implications for regional ice dynamics, grounding-line stability, and fluxes of freshwater and nutrients to the Southern Ocean. Knowledge of subglacial activity on timescales important for near-term prediction of ice-sheet fluctuations (decadal to century) is limited by the short observational record of NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry mission used to generate the last continent-wide survey (2003–08). Here, we use synthetic aperture radar-interferometric-mode data from ESA's CryoSat-2 radar altimetry mission (2010–present), which samples 45 of the ICESat-derived subglacial lakes, to extend their time series to the end of 2016. The extended time series show that there have been surface-height changes at 20 of the 45 lakes since 2008, indicating that some of these features are persistent and potentially cyclic, while other features show negligible changes, suggesting these may be transient or nonhydrological features. Continued monitoring of active lakes for both height and velocity changes, as well as developing methods for identifying additional lakes, is critical to quantifying the full distribution of active subglacial lakes in Antarctica.
TheRabassaireStruggle: Long-Term Analysis of a Social and Political Movement
Authors: Colomé Josep , Planas Jordi , Soler-Becerro Raimon , Valls-Junyent Francesc
Published: January 2018

Therabassairestruggle of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries represented the most intense unrest in the Catalan countryside since the peasant rebellions of the fifteenth century, and it was one of the main social movements in rural Western Europe in this period. In this article we examine therabassairestruggle over a period of roughly 150 years. Following Charles Tilly, we understand this social movement as a form of political action, which began in the late eighteenth century, reached maturity in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and came to an end with the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. Beyond the organizational changes arising from the shifting social and political circumstances, a new long-term overview can shed light on the continuities of the movement, especially in terms of building a social identity and legitimating its claims and its struggle.
A solvable model of Vlasov-kinetic plasma turbulence in Fourier–Hermite phase space
Authors: Adkins T. , Schekochihin A. A.
Published: January 2018

A class of simple kinetic systems is considered, described by the one-dimensional Vlasov–Landau equation with Poisson or Boltzmann electrostatic response and an energy source. Assuming a stochastic electric field, a solvable model is constructed for the phase-space turbulence of the particle distribution. The model is a kinetic analogue of the Kraichnan–Batchelor model of chaotic advection. The solution of the model is found in Fourier–Hermite space and shows that the free-energy flux from low to high Hermite moments is suppressed, with phase mixing cancelled on average by anti-phase-mixing (stochastic plasma echo). This implies that Landau damping is an ineffective route to dissipation (i.e. to thermalisation of electric energy via velocity space). The full Fourier–Hermite spectrum is derived. Its asymptotics are $m^{-3/2}$ at low wavenumbers and high Hermite moments ($m$) and $m^{-1/2}k^{-2}$ at low Hermite moments and high wavenumbers ($k$). These conclusions hold at wavenumbers below a certain cutoff (analogue of Kolmogorov scale), which increases with the amplitude of the stochastic electric field and scales as inverse square of the collision rate. The energy distribution and flows in phase space are a simple and, therefore, useful example of competition between phase mixing and nonlinear dynamics in kinetic turbulence, reminiscent of more realistic but more complicated multi-dimensional systems that have not so far been amenable to complete analytical solution.
New species and new records ofOphioparmaceae(lichenized Ascomycota) from China
Authors: ZHANG Yan Yun , WANG Xin Yu , LIU Dong , SHI Hai Xia , YANG Meiv Xia , LI Li Juan , WANG Li Song
Published: January 2018

The lichen familyOphioparmaceaecontains three genera:Boreoplaca,HypocenomyceandOphioparma. The genusHypocenomyceis reported here for the first time for China, being represented by the speciesHypocenomyce scalariswhich is distributed in south-western China. For the genusOphioparma, one new species is described in this paper, namelyOphioparma pruinosaLi S. Wang & Y. Y. Zhang sp. nov., which is characterized by a pruinose thallus and the presence of usnic acid.Ophioparma araucariaeis also reported as new for the Chinese lichen biota. Previous reports ofO. lapponicain China are recognized as misidentifications ofO. ventosa. Descriptions, keys and phylograms are provided for these species.
Embodiment and Self-Awareness – Evans, Cassam and Husserl
Authors: Alweiss Lilian
Published: January 2018

In recent years there has been a general attempt – inspired by P. F. Strawson – to naturalise Kant's notion of the transcendental self. The argument being that self-consciousness should refer to neither a kind of noumenal nor mental self but that the self-conscious subject must conceive of itself as an embodied entity, a person among persons that regards itself as an element of the objective order of the world. While Kant does not make room for the notion of an embodied transcendental self, this is where we need to go as our bodily awareness is central both for self-knowledge and the possibility of cognition and thus a transcendental condition for knowledge claims. In this paper I should like to single out Quassim Cassam's work Self and World to see whether such a position is tenable. Cassam's main claim is that we can only become aware of ourselves as subjects if we are at the very same time aware of ourselves as objects located in the spatio-temporal world. We could not be self-conscious and ascribe experiences to ourselves unless we are also aware of ourselves as a physical object among other physical objects in the world. The central claim is that when we self-refer we do not refer to two distinct entities, one possessing only mental, and the other possessing only physical features, rather we refer to a subject that is both mental and physical at the very same time. Awareness of ourselves qua subject is just awareness of ourselves qua object. This paper will focus on this claim alone and will ask whether it is tenable. The answer will be negative. Drawing on the work of Edmund Husserl, I shall argue that there is an inherent flaw in Cassam's position which he has inherited from Gareth Evans’ depiction of the self. The contention will be that our awareness of ourselves qua subject is not compatible with the awareness of ourselves qua object.
On Learning, Playfulness, and Becoming Human
Authors: Joseph An Christopher
Published: January 2018

This essay aims to develop the so-called ‘transformational view’ of human development (advocated by McDowell and Bakhurst) by advancing a play-based model of learning. I first consider challenges to this view posed by Luntley and Rödl who argue that the learning encounter must presuppose some rational faculty already present in the prelinguistic child. Rödl in particular considers joint attentional episodes in which child and adult attend to objects in their environment together as signifying a uniquely rational consciousness active in the human child. I however argue on phenomenological grounds that this intellectualist treatment is implausible and unconvincing. I propose a play-centered treatment (inspired primarily from Huizinga) that is more sensitive to the life of the child. This perspective of play I maintain scaffolds a shared normative space which enables self-conscious, responsive, and intelligible thought and action. This account motivates what I call a participatory play model of learning which is constitutively non-intellectual but is nonetheless intelligent. It is non-intellectual because it emphasizes building co-reactive relationships and participation in shared cultural practices. But it is also intelligent because it makes possible a distinctively human mode of understanding grounded on an interactive, relational, and imaginatively reflexive engagement with the world.
G.A. Naqvi: from Indian Police (UP), 1926 to Pakistani Citizen (Sindh), 1947
Authors: ANKIT RAKESH
Published: January 2018

This is the story of how G. A. Naqvi (Indian Police, 1926) of the United Province (UP) was affected by the events of 1947–1948 in British and independent India and Pakistan and had to become what he did not wish to be: a private citizen in Pakistan. It shows how he, like so many others, had to become reconciled to the idea of British India breaking-up into independent India and Pakistan. This process changed forever the relationship between institutions of the Indian State and individual lives of Indian Muslims; the ‘long’ Partition of British India prompted new questions of legitimacy, citizenship and sovereignty, while producing “displacement, disruption and disappointment”. This was especially so in the so-called ‘Muslim-minority provinces’, among which the UP held the pre-eminent position and to which Naqvi belonged. After 21 ½ years of service, Naqvi found himself unwanted in both India and Pakistan, in a time of deepening communal divide, suspicion and hostility. A much sought-after officer during the Second World War, how was he to know that over 1947–1948, not one of the four governments to which he was and/or could be affiliated with would want to have anything to do with him.