bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Orthogonality in Genetic Code Expansion
Authors: Arranz-Gibert Pol , Patel Jaymin R. , Isaacs Farren J.
Published: July 2019

The genetic code defines how information in the genome is translated into protein. Aside from a handful of isolated exceptions, this code is universal. Researchers have developed techniques to artificially expand the genetic code, repurposing codons and translational machinery to incorporate nonstandard amino acids (nsAAs) into proteins. A key challenge for robust genetic code expansion is orthogonality; the engineered machinery used to introduce nsAAs into proteins must co-exist with native translation and gene expression without cross-reactivity or pleiotropy. The issue of orthogonality manifests at several levels, including those of codons, ribosomes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, tRNAs, and elongation factors. In this concept paper, we describe advances in genome recoding, translational engineering and associated challenges rooted in establishing orthogonality needed to expand the genetic code.
Influence of Blend Composition and Silica Nanoparticles on the Morphology and Gas Separation Performance of PU/PVA Blend Membranes
Authors: Shirvani Hemmat , Maghami Saeid , Pournaghshband Isfahani Ali , Sadeghi Morteza
Published: July 2019

Polymer blending and mixed-matrix membranes are well-known modification techniques for tuning the gas separation properties of polymer membranes. Here, we studied the gas separation performance of mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) based on the polyurethane/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PU/PVA) blend containing silica nanoparticles. Pure (CO2, CH4, N2, O2) and mixed-gas (CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4) permeability experiments were carried out at 10 bar and 35 °C. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with a molecular weight of 200 kDa (PVA200) was blended with polyurethane (PU) to increase the CO2 solubility, while the addition of silica particles to the PU/PVA blend membranes augmented the CO2 separation performance. The SEM images of the membranes showed that the miscibility of the blend improved by increasing the PVA contents. The membrane containing 10 wt % of PVA200 (PU/PVA200–10) exhibited the highest CO2/N2~32.6 and CO2/CH4~9.5 selectivities among other blend compositions, which increased to 45.1 and 15.2 by incorporating 20 wt % nano-silica particles.
Kinetics and Energy Consumption for a Three-Stage Electrocoagulation Process for the Recovery of Au and Ag from Cyanide Leachates
Authors: García-Carrillo Cristina , Parga-Torres José , Moreno-Casillas Héctor , Sellschopp-Sanchez Francisco S.
Published: July 2019

The most common processes used for the recovery of gold and silver from cyanide leachates are Merril-Crowe, activated carbon in pulp, and ion exchange resins; the process of electrocoagulation (EC) also is a promising new technique. EC is an electrochemical process whose mechanisms include oxidation, reduction, decomposition, deposition, coagulation, absorption, flotation, and precipitation. It has been used for the treatment of water and wastewater with different degrees of success. This study aimed to determine the kinetics of the reaction and the energy consumption at constant voltage, and at constant current using aluminum electrodes with two different distances between electrodes. EC was run in three stages for the removal of gold and silver from aqueous cyanide solutions from samples supplied by a Mexican mining company. Characterization of the sample showed initial concentrations of 49.48 and 383 mg/L of gold and silver, respectively. Results showed the effectiveness of the process by achieving removals up to 98.59% of gold and 99.43% of silver. Additionally, it was determined that the kinetics of the reaction is of zero order and that the lowest energy consumption can be achieved when working at constant voltage and with a separation of 0.8 cm between electrodes.
DNA Damage Response Pathways in Dinoflagellates
Authors: Li Chongping , Wong Joseph Tin Yum
Published: July 2019

Dinoflagellates are a general group of phytoplankton, ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Most dinoflagellates are non-obligate autotrophs, subjected to potential physical and chemical DNA-damaging agents, including UV irradiation, in the euphotic zone. Delay of cell cycles by irradiation, as part of DNA damage responses (DDRs), could potentially lead to growth inhibition, contributing to major errors in the estimation of primary productivity and interpretations of photo-inhibition. Their liquid crystalline chromosomes (LCCs) have large amount of abnormal bases, restricted placement of coding sequences at the chromosomes periphery, and tandem repeat-encoded genes. These chromosome characteristics, their large genome sizes, as well as the lack of architectural nucleosomes, likely contribute to possible differential responses to DNA damage agents. In this study, we sought potential dinoflagellate orthologues of eukaryotic DNA damage repair pathways, and the linking pathway with cell-cycle control in three dinoflagellate species. It appeared that major orthologues in photoreactivation, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, double-strand break repair and homologous recombination repair are well represented in dinoflagellate genomes. Future studies should address possible differential DNA damage responses of dinoflagellates over other planktonic groups, especially in relation to possible shift of life-cycle transitions in responses to UV irradiation. This may have a potential role in the persistence of dinoflagellate red tides with the advent of climatic change.
From Fish Eggs to Fish Name: Caviar Species Discrimination by COIBar-RFLP, an Efficient Molecular Approach to Detect Fraud in the Caviar Trade
Authors: Pappalardo Anna Maria , Petraccioli Agnese , Capriglione Teresa , Ferrito Venera
Published: July 2019

The demand for caviar is growing as is its price on the market. Due to the decline of true caviar production from sturgeons, eggs from other fish species and other animals have been used as substitutes for caviar. The labels on these products should indicate the species from which the eggs were derived, but the label can be misleading in some cases. In this context, species identification using DNA analysis is crucial for traceability and authentication of caviar products. In this work, we applied the COIBar-RFLP procedure to obtain species-specific endonuclease restriction patterns useful to discriminate “caviar” species. The tested caviar products were identified as originating from eight species: Acipenser transmontanus, A. gueldenstaedtii, A. stellatus, A. baerii, Mallotus villosus, Huso huso, Cyclopterus lumpus and Eumicrotremus orbis. The results demonstrated that 14% of the caviar products examined have a label that does not indicate the species from which the eggs were originated. The MboI restriction enzyme produced specific profiles discriminating the eight species, confirming that the COIBar-RFLP is a useful approach for routine screening of seafood products due to its ease and rapid execution, as the results of screening can be obtained within 7 h, by-passing the need for sequencing.
On the Effect of Aqueous Ammonia Soaking Pre-Treatment on Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Digested Swine Manure Fibers
Authors: Mirtsou-Xanthopoulou Chrysoula , Skiadas Ioannis V. , Gavala Hariklia N.
Published: July 2019

(1) Background: The continuously increasing demand for renewable energy sources renders anaerobic digestion as one of the most promising technologies for renewable energy production. Due to the animal production intensification, manure is being used as the primary feedstock for most biogas plants. Their economical profitable operation, however, relies on increasing the methane yield from the solid fraction of manure, which is not so easily degradable. The solid fraction after anaerobic digestion, the so-called digested fibers, consists mainly of hardly biodegradable material and comes at a lower mass per unit volume of manure compared to the solid fraction before anaerobic digestion. Therefore, investigation on how to increase the biodegradability of digested fibers is very relevant. So far, Aqueous Ammonia Soaking (AAS), has been successfully applied on digested fibers separated from the effluent of a manure-fed, full-scale anaerobic digester to enhance their methane productivity in batch experiments. (2) Methods: In the present study, continuous experiments at a mesophilic (38 °C) CSTR-type anaerobic digester fed with swine manure first and a mixture of manure with AAS-treated digested fibers in the sequel, were performed. Anaerobic Digestion Model 1 (ADM1) previously fitted on manure fed digester was used in order to assess the effect of the addition of AAS-pre-treated digested manure fibers on the kinetics of anaerobic digestion process. (3) Results and Conclusions: The methane yield of AAS-treated digested fibers under continuous operation was 49–68% higher than that calculated in batch experiments in the past. It was found that AAS treatment had a profound effect mainly on the disintegration/hydrolysis rate of particulate carbohydrates. Comparison of the data obtained in the present study with the data obtained with AAS-pre-treated raw manure fibers in the past revealed that hydrolysis kinetics after AAS pre-treatment were similar for both types of biomasses.
Antibacterial Activity of Terpenes and Terpenoids Present in Essential Oils
Authors: Guimarães Aline Cristina , Meireles Leandra Martins , Lemos Mayara Fumiere , Guimarães Marco Cesar Cunegundes , Endringer Denise Coutinho , Fronza Marcio , Scherer Rodrigo
Published: July 2019

Background: The antimicrobial activity of essential oils has been reported in hundreds of studies, however, the great majority of these studies attribute the activity to the most prevalent compounds without analyzing them independently. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the antibacterial activity of 33 free terpenes commonly found in essential oils and evaluate the cellular ultrastructure to verify possible damage to the cellular membrane. Methods: Screening was performed to select substances with possible antimicrobial activity, then the minimal inhibitory concentrations, bactericidal activity and 24-h time-kill curve studies were evaluated by standard protocols. In addition, the ultrastructure of control and death bacteria were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Only 16 of the 33 compounds had antimicrobial activity at the initial screening. Eugenol exhibited rapid bactericidal action against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (2 h). Terpineol showed excellent bactericidal activity against S. aureus strains. Carveol, citronellol and geraniol presented a rapid bactericidal effect against E. coli. Conclusions: The higher antimicrobial activity was related to the presence of hydroxyl groups (phenolic and alcohol compounds), whereas hydrocarbons resulted in less activity. The first group, such as carvacrol, l-carveol, eugenol, trans-geraniol, and thymol, showed higher activity when compared to sulfanilamide. Images obtained by scanning electron microscopy indicate that the mechanism causing the cell death of the evaluated bacteria is based on the loss of cellular membrane integrity of function. The present study brings detailed knowledge about the antimicrobial activity of the individual compounds present in essential oils, that can provide a greater understanding for the future researches.
Analysis of Potent Odour-Active Volatile Thiols in Foods and Beverages with a Focus on Wine
Authors: Chen Liang , Capone Dimitra L. , Jeffery David W.
Published: July 2019

Certain volatile thiols are some of the most potent odour-active molecules that are found in nature. Thiols play significant roles in the aroma qualities of a range of foods and beverages, including wine, with extremely low odour detection thresholds (nanogram per litre range). A fundamental understanding of their formation, fate, and impact essentially depends on the development of suitable analytical methods. The analysis of volatile thiols in foods and beverages is a challenging task when considering (1) the complexity of food and beverage matrices and (2) that thiols are highly reactive, low molecular-weight volatiles that are generally present at trace to ultra-trace concentrations. For the past three decades, the analytical evaluation of volatile thiols has been intensively performed in various foods and beverages, and many novel techniques related to derivatisation, isolation, separation, and detection have been developed, particularly by wine researchers. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the major analytical methodologies that are proposed for potent volatile thiol analysis in wine, foods, and other beverages. The analytical challenges for thiol analysis in foods and beverages are outlined, and the main analytical methods and recent advances in methodology are summarised and evaluated for their strengths and limitations. The key analytical aspects reviewed include derivatisation and sample preparation techniques, chromatographic separation, mass spectrometric detection, matrix effects, and quantitative analysis. In addition, future perspectives on volatile thiol research are also suggested.
Identification of Azoxystrobin Glutathione Conjugate Metabolites in Maize Roots by LC-MS
Authors: Dionisio Giuseppe , Gautam Maheswor , Fomsgaard Inge Sindbjerg
Published: July 2019

Xenobiotic detoxification in plant as well as in animals has mostly been studied in relationship to the deactivation of the toxic residues of the compound that, surely for azoxystrobin, is represented by its β-methoxyacrylate portion. In maize roots treated for 96 h with azoxystrobin, the fungicide accumulated over time and detoxification compounds or conjugates appeared timewise. The main detoxified compound was the methyl ester hydrolysis product (azoxystrobin free acid, 390.14 m/z) thought to be inactive followed by the glutathione conjugated compounds identified as glutathione conjugate (711.21 m/z) and its derivative lacking the glycine residue from the GSH (654.19 m/z). The glycosylated form of azoxystrobin was also found (552.19 m/z) in a minor amount. The identification of these analytes was done by differential untargeted metabolomics analysis using Progenesis QI for label free spectral counting quantification and MS/MS confirmation of the compounds was carried out by either Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) and Data Dependent Acquisition (DDA) using high resolution LC-MS methods. Neutral loss scanning and comparison with MS/MS spectra of azoxystrobin by DDA and MSe confirmed the structures of these new azoxystrobin GSH conjugates.
Synthesis and Regeneration of A MXene-Based Pollutant Adsorbent by Mechanochemical Methods
Authors: Vakili Mohammadtaghi , Cagnetta Giovanni , Huang Jun , Yu Gang , Yuan Jing
Published: July 2019

In the present study, an adsorbent material for removal of organic contaminants in wastewater is synthetized by a green and facile mechanochemical method. It is composed of Ti3C2Tx MXene layers (obtained by mechanochemical etching of MAX phase with concentrated HF) pillared with terephthalate by rapid direct reaction. Such material shows high specific surface area (135.7 m2 g−1) and excellent adsorption capability of methylene blue (209 mg g−1) because of the larger interlayer space among MXene sheets and free carboxylate groups of terephthalate. The spent adsorbent is reutilized (with addition of sole aluminum) to synthetize the MAX phase by mechanochemical procedure, where the terephthalate and the pollutant are carbonized into the carbide. In this way, new MXene-based adsorbent can be re-synthetized for further use.
Enhanced Light Sheet Elastic Scattering Microscopy by Using a Supercontinuum Laser
Authors: Di Battista Diego , Merino David , Zacharakis Giannis , Loza-Alvarez Pablo , Olarte Omar E.
Published: July 2019

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy techniques have revolutionized biological microscopy enabling low-phototoxic long-term 3D imaging of living samples. Although there exist many light sheet microscopy (LSM) implementations relying on fluorescence, just a few works have paid attention to the laser elastic scattering source of contrast available in every light sheet microscope. Interestingly, elastic scattering can potentially disclose valuable information from the structure and composition of the sample at different spatial scales. However, when coherent scattered light is detected with a camera sensor, a speckled intensity is generated on top of the native imaged features, compromising their visibility. In this work, we propose a novel light sheet based optical setup which implements three strategies for dealing with speckles of elastic scattering images: (i) polarization filtering; (ii) reducing the temporal coherence of the excitation laser light; and, (iii) reducing the spatial coherence of the light sheet. Finally, we show how these strategies enable pristine light-sheet elastic-scattering imaging of structural features in challenging biological samples avoiding the deleterious effects of speckle, and without relying on, but complementing, fluorescent labelling.
A Visual Measurement of Water Content of Crude Oil Based on Image Grayscale Accumulated Value Difference
Authors: Liu Qing , Chu Bo , Peng Jinye , Tang Sheng
Published: July 2019

In the process of oil exploitation, the water level of an oil well can be predicted and the position of reservoir can be estimated by measuring the water content of crude oil, with reference for the automatic production of high efficiency in the oil field. In this paper, a visual measuring method for water content of crude oil is proposed. The oil and water in crude oil samples were separated by centrifugation, distillation or electric dehydration, and a water–oil layered mixture was formed according to the unequal densities. Then the volume ratio of water and oil was analyzed by digital image processing, and the water content and oil content was able to be calculated. A new method for measuring water content of crude oil based on IGAVD (image grayscale accumulated value difference) is proposed, which overcomes the uncertainty caused by environmental illumination and improves the measurement accuracy. In order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, a miniaturization and low-cost system prototype was developed. The experimental results show that the average power consumption is about 165 mW and the measuring error is less than 1.0%. At the same time, the real-time and remote transmission about measurement results can be realized.
Applying Speckle Noise Suppression to Refractive Indices Change Detection in Porous Silicon Microarrays
Authors: Ren Ruyong , Jia Zhenhong , Yang Jie , Kasabov Nikola
Published: July 2019

The gray value method can be used to detect gray value changes of each unit almost parallel to the surface image of PSi (porous silicon) microarrays and indirectly measure the refractive index changes of each unit. However, the speckles of different noise intensities produced by lasers on a porous silicon surface have different effects on the gray value of the measured image. This results in inaccurate results of refractive index changes obtained from the change in gray value. Therefore, it is very important to reduce the influence of speckle noise on measurement results. In this paper, a new algorithm based on the concepts of probability-based nonlocal-means filtering (PNLM), gradient operator, and median filtering is proposed for gray value restoration of porous silicon microarray images. A good linear relationship between gray value change and refractive index change is obtained, which can reduce the influence of speckle noise on the gray value of the PSi microarray image, improving detection accuracy. This means the method based on gray value change detection can be applied to the biological detection of PSi microarray arrays.
The Acceleration and Deceleration Profiles of U-18 Women’s Basketball Players during Competitive Matches
Authors: Reina María , García-Rubio Javier , Pino-Ortega José , Ibáñez Sergio J.
Published: July 2019

The ability of a player to perform high-intensity actions can be linked to common requirements of team sports, and the ability to accelerate can be an important factor in successfully facing the opponent. The aim of this study was to determine the acceleration and deceleration profiles of U-18 women’s basketball players during competitive matches. This study categorized accelerations and decelerations by playing position and quarter. Forty-eight U-18 female basketball players from the same Spanish league participated in this study. Each player was equipped with a WimuProTM inertial device. Accelerations/decelerations were recorded. The number of accelerations and decelerations, intensity category, and type were recorded. These variables varied between quarters (first quarter, second quarter, third quarter, and fourth quarter) and playing positions (Guard, Forward and Center). The shorter but more intense accelerations took place in the last quarter, due to the tight results of the matches. Besides, players in the Guard positions performed more accelerations and their intensity was greater than that of other positions. An acceleration profile was established for the quarters of a basketball game, and was shown to depend on the playing position, being different for Guards, Forwards and Centers in U-18 women’s basketball players.
Intercepted Mosquitoes at New Zealand’s Ports of Entry, 2001 to 2018: Current Status and Future Concerns
Authors: Ammar Sherif E. , Mclntyre Mary , Swan Tom , Kasper Julia , Derraik José G. B. , Baker Michael G. , Hales Simon
Published: July 2019

Mosquito vectors are extending their range via international travel and trade. Climate change makes New Zealand an increasingly suitable environment for less tropically adapted exotic mosquito vectors to become established. This shift will add a multiplier effect to existing risks of both the establishment of new species and of resident exotic species extending into new areas. We describe trends in the border interceptions of exotic mosquitoes and evaluate the role of imported goods as a pathway for these introductions. Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, the two most commonly intercepted species, were only intercepted in Auckland. Used tyres and machinery were the main mode of entry for both species. The majority of Ae. albopictus were transported as larvae by sea, while most Ae. aegypti were transported as adults by air. Continuing introductions of these mosquitoes, mainly arriving via Japan or Australia, increase the risk of the local transmission of mosquito-borne diseases in New Zealand in general and in the Auckland region in particular. These findings reinforce the need for a high performing and adequately resourced national biosecurity system, particularly port surveillance and inspection. Recommended biosecurity improvements are described.
Reasoning the Dilemma of the Actor and the Model of Cooperation in Public-Private Cooperation
Authors: Sri Nugroho Hanan
Published: July 2019

Muncul adanya alternatif untuk mewirausahakan birokrasi. Oleh karena, keterbatasan pembiayaan pembangunan diposisikan sebagai kendala dalam penyediaan layanan publik. Akibatnya, penyediaan layanan publik bergantung pada dinamika yang terjadi dalam kolaborasi bersama, antar pemerintah dan pihak swasta. Pada kenyataan, tidak ada pasar yang bebas dari intervensi pemerintah. Di sisi lain, strukturisasi pasar bertentangan dengan paradigma birokrasi dalam pelayanan publik. Menjadi menarik kemudian melihat pemaknaan barang publik dalam layanan publik dan juga keterkaitan fungsi pelayanan dengan fungsi ekonomi dari adanya kerjasama antara pemerintah dengan pihak swasta. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif-deskriptif dengan menggunakan desk-research. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyediaan layanan publik dapat menjadi quasi-public goods ketika terjadi ketidakmampuan pemerintah dalam menyediakan layanan publik maupun ketidakseimbangan yang dikaibatkan dari pemanfaatan barang publik. Selain itu, fungsi pelayanan maupun fungsi ekonomi dari adanya kerjasama pemerintah-swasta dapat berjalan bersama dalam memberikan layanan publik.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF E-GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTATION POLICY IN SAYANG VILLAGE, SUMEDANG DISTRICT
Authors: Wibiksana Indra Gunawan , Lestary Desti , Azmi Ahmad Ulul , Nugroho Dicky Setiawan , Insan Hayatul
Published: July 2019

Pelaksanaan e-Government di desa sayang dengan berpedoman terhadap instruksi presiden nomor 3 Penerapan Kebijakan e-Government dalam Peningkatan Mutu masih pada tahap penyiapan sarana akses seperti koneksi wifi yang masih terbatas, serta kurangnya sosialisasi situs informasi kepada masyarakat. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan peneliti adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan desktiptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara studi pustaka dan studi lapangan.. Adapun yang menjadi indikator atas nilai-nilai dasar dalam menentukan sukses dan tidaknya penerapan yang akan dan harus dicapai dalam penyelenggaraan e-Government ada 4 yaitu efektifitas, efisiensi, transfaransi dan akuntabilitas. Penerapan kebijakan e-Government di Desa Sayang masih belum optimal dalam penggunaan teknologi komunikasi dan informasi. Pemerintahan Desa sayang belum efektif, efisien, transparan dan akuntabel dalam menyelenggarakan pemerintahan berbasis E-Government.
The Connection of Capital Leverage and Profitability by the Corporate Agriculture Enterprises
Authors: Herczeg Adrienn
Published: July 2019

The analysis of capital system of agricultural corporations is a key issue of economics and the effect of it's fluctuation can be observed on several fields of the life of corporations.It influencesfor example the assets-, financial- and income situation of the enterprises.The aim of this study is to analyse the connection between capital structure and profitability in order to reveal sucha ratio for the capital leverage and liabilities, by which it can say, to that connect the profit or loss. By the analyse get activity- and size specified results.With the empyrical results I determine the quantile point between the profitable or the non profitable operating.
The launch on the way to development or the „revival”... (Comparisons of theoretical and practical approaches apropos of the change and crisis management process of smes and mature companies) .
Authors: Noszkay Erszébet
Published: July 2019

Hungarian SMEs, just like those in other EU member states, often cease for various reasons. Among these factors are many, which should not necessarily turn out this way. These factors are studied in numerous countries while the attempt is also made to create the systems of conditions for these enterprises to recover – often through various aids and supports (from public supports to non-governmental initiatives). Among other things they are tryingto organize those services with the help of which – if there is the slightest hope for survival – those SMEs in trouble or having serious difficulties could avoid going down by recovering fromtheir problematic situation and getting improvements.These days this issue comes up more and more urgently in Hungary, as well. It has quite a few signs indicating that – among other things – the reports, the enquiries and commissions of theNational Association of Change and Crisis Managers (VOE), all of which – just like "thermometers" – reflect this tendency well. I have been doing research on this topic since 1993. As an expert I utilize them, and as a VOE member, vice president, then president I process the relevant Hungarian but mainly Frenchexperience on the subject. I intend to present those few theoretical and practical results and applicable experience I have reached this way in this presentation of mine.
Research of the interrelations between actors and strategic goals in decision making
Authors: Somogyi Sándor , Novković Nebojša , Zoran Čulibrk
Published: July 2019

management, although there are many chiseled methodologies plenty of professional literature. The problem is more complex in strategic planning of regional communities – societies – of different range. These societies are very diverse, and accordingly the strategic goal setting can, and has to be very different than the strategic goal setting of enterprises.The group of methods for morphologic and structural analysis and the computer based MACTOR program could be used.The output data are presented in a large number of matrixes, vectors, graphs and histogram’s, which describe very fair the possible scenarios for preparation and decision making aboutstrategic plans.
The role of Local wine administration bodies in creating social and cultural capital and in the preservation of local identity
Authors: Vásárhelyi Szilárd
Published: July 2019

Due to the peculiarities of viniculture, some kind of a community organizing force has always existed in every European wine region. The Hungarian system of local wine administrationbodies is however unique. The foundations of the system have hardly changed throughout the centuries and the communities’ function as a socio-organizing power has been historically proven. In this essay I am attempting to demonstrate this power and ability using social, ethnical, sciences, anthropological, landscapeeconomical and occasionally mathematical methods. As former leader of a local wine administration body in Egerbakta, the member of the same body in Eger and also a vine-grower in Létavértes I also have first hand information about the practical issues of the system. The paper could not be more timely after the 2006’s modification of legislations governing wine administration. One element of the modifications is the creation of large and centralized administration bodies over the ruins of small ones thatwere presumed to be indispensable for a long time.
Assessment of temperament and its effect on weaning performance for Aubrac and Charolais weaned calves
Authors: Szentléleki Andrea , Domokos Zoltán , Blottura Claudio , Alberti Massimiliano , Tőzsér János
Published: July 2019

The purposes of the present study are to compare the temperament of calves of different breed and sex at weaning, to analyse the effect of temperament on weaning performance, and todefine the correlations  between the previous traits. In the experiment carried out in Gelej in 2006 the behaviour of 61 Aubrac and 25 Charolais calves (39 heifer and 47 bull calves) wasassessed at weaning. The weight (WW) and the age of animals were detected, in addition temperament (TEMP) of them was scored. The weaning age (AU: 190±16.96 days, CH: 176±14.94days; P<0.001) and the weaning weight adjusted to 205 days of age (CWW) (AU: 192.39±31.32 kg, CH: 213.80±23.99 kg; P<0.01) of the two breeds significantly differed of each other. Thetemperament of calves was evaluated by scale test on a 5-point scale during weighing. The data were processed by SPSS 14.0 program package (Mann-Whitney U test, MANOVA, Tukey test,Spearman rank correlation test). Significant difference was revealed between the two breeds in TEMP (AU: 2 scores and CH: 3 scores; P<0.001), furthermore also difference was provenbetween the bull calves of Aubrac and Charolais in the behaviour (AU: 2 scores and CH: 3 scores, P<0.01). Analysing the effect of sex both for 86 calves and each breed, it was showed that the TEMP of the heifer and bull calves was equalled (P>0.10). Both of the WW and CWW were influenced by the behaviour of calves (P<0.05), which meant that the more excitable calves had higher WW and CWW. Positive, weak correlation coefficients were calculated among the TEMP, the WW and the CWW (rrank=0.28 and rrank=0.31; P<0.01). By their results it was concluded that in young age not only the performance but also the behaviour of calves are determined by the calf rearing ability of suckling cow.
Hungary’s employment policy from the point of view joining the European Union
Authors: Szabó Andrea
Published: July 2019

What is a place of work? Is it a commitment to work, or continuous pressure under work, or hunting for income? This article is a brief review about the main milestones of the employment history of the European Union and Hungary. In 1989, the Social Charta about the social principles of employee was issued. In 1997 the employment policy became the part of the acquis communautaire. Finally, in 1998, the EuropeanEmployment Strategy was developed, which contains the community employment guidelines. In the year of millennium, the new long term concept of the EU, the Lisbon Strategy was approved. In this document the EU was targeted as the most dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy in the World till 2010. The Tens joint to the EU in 2004, and a bit later it became clear, that the EU is light-armed against some of the world economy challenges. As a consequence, many objectives of the Strategy could not be reached. Recently member states of the EU have to develop the national action plan for employment year by year. The hungarian plans were developed as well, but the wrong labour market’s parameters haven’t been changed since 2004.
The supply of Liget-Thermal Spa and Experience Bath, according the opinion of the guests
Authors: Szabó Róbert
Published: July 2019

During the last decades health, body and soul control became important issues. In the modern world this values are closely connected to the term of success, because we can be successful in every aspect of life: work, and personal life, if we can maintain our health, and fitness in a long run. From that comes that modern people are willing to spend money and time to take an active part in sporty but relaxing activities in a healthy environment in order to keep their fitness or just feel themselves well.In my study I will show the main motivating factors and demand elements of wellness and healthtourism, according the opinions of the visitors of Liget - Thermal Spa and Experience Bath. I will introduce different services that are suitable for satisfying this demand, furthermore we can get an insight by the results of questionnaire survey, how the motivating factors and the demand changes in case of different age groups.
“USUL EKONOMİSİ İLKESİ” ÇERÇEVESİNDE TÜRK İDARİ YARGILAMA USULÜNDE SÖZLÜLÜK İLKESİNE İLİŞKİN BAZI DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: YILMAZ Dilşat
Published: July 2019

“Duruşma”

ve bir ispat vasıtası olan “tanık beyanı”, yargılama hukukunda geçerli bulunan

yazılılık ilkesinin esnemeleri olarak kabul edilmektedir. İdari yargılama hukukunda

bu iki kurumun temel olarak anılan çerçevede ele alındığı bilinmektedir. Oysa

bu iki kurum, aynı zamanda, Anayasal bir yargılama usulü ilkesi olan “usul

ekonomisi” ni etkin hale getirebilmek için elverişli birer vasıtadır. Bu çalışmada,

söz konusu iki kurumun bahsedilen fonksiyonu ne şekilde yerine getirebilecekleri

üzerinde durulacaktır. İnceleme sırasında, öncelikle usul ekonomisi ilkesine

ana hatları ile değinilecektir.  Ardından

konunun yakın ilişkili olduğu adil yargılanma hakkı, temel unsurları

çerçevesinde ele alınacaktır. Bunların akabinde, duruşma ve tanık beyanı

hususları; daha önce incelenen konularla ve idari yargılama hukuku ilkeleri de

dikkate alınarak incelenecektir. Konu bakımından ihtiyaç duyulduğu ölçüde

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi ve Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlarına da

değinilecektir.
Efek Suspensi Pengawet terhadap Kualitas Bunga Potong Anyelir
Authors: Iriani Farida
Published: July 2019

Pemanfaatan bahan pengawet sebagai upaya meningkatkan kualitas bunga potong anyelir kultivar Red Sims adalah efektif. Bahan pengawet yang diformulasi dari  senyawa sukrosa  + asam sitrat + lisol + perak tiosulfat yang telah dibuat menjadi bentuk sediaan suspensi dengan penambahan penyuspensi cmc, akan dikaji dalam keefektifannya dalam percobaan. Percobaan menggunakan Acak Kelompok dwi faktor, yaitu takaran susfensi dan lama susfensi tersimpan yang akan ditambahkan ke dalam air perendam sebelum bunga potong tersebut diperagakan. Peubah yang diamati adlah umur peragaan, diameter mekar maksimum, dinamika perkembangan bobot segar relatif dan serapan air relatif 2- harian. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa takaran susfensi 50 mlL-1 dan tersimpan tiga bulan adalah terbaik terhadap semua peubah yang diamati.
Usahatani Padi Sawah (Oriza sativa, L) dengan Penerapan Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT)
Authors: Sumarna Pandu
Published: July 2019

Padi sawah (Oriza sativa L) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang menghasilkan sumber pangan pokok bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Keberhasilakn usaha peningkatan produksi padi sawah sangat bergantung pada daya dukung dan kemampuan petani sebagai pengelola usaha tani, antara lain menyediaan modal, tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang dimiliki petani serta luas kepemilikan lahan garapan yang dikelola petani. Kendala dalam peningkatan produksi tanaman padi antara lain serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman yang menyerang tanaman sejak dipersemaian sampai menjelang panen. serangan hama dan penyakit ini dapat mengurangi hasil produksi baik kalitas maupun kuantitas sampai mengakibatkan kegagalan panen. Oleh karena itu upaya pengendalian serangan hama dan penyakit perlu mendapat perhatian yang serius agar produksi dapat dipertahankan dan petani memperoleh keuntungan dalam mengelola usahanya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa usahatani dengan penerapan PHT mengeluarkan biaya total sebesar R. 5.276.930,60,- per hektar dan menghasilkan penerimaan Rp. 8.050.900,53,- per hentar , sehingga diperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp. 2.773.969,93,- per hektar. Adapun tingkat efisiensi usahatani yang menerapkan PHT tingkat efisiensinya (RC) sebesar 1,53. Begitu pula dilihat dari kelayakan usahanya (renatabilitas) memperoleh 52,57 lebih tinggi dari bunga bank sebesar 6 persen per musim. Hal ini menunjukkan usahatani yang menerapkan PHT dalam usahanya layak untuk dikembangkan.
Peranan Lembaga Keuangan Mikro dalam meningkatkan Pembangunan Ekonomi Pedesaan
Authors: Noor Zulki Zulkifli
Published: July 2019

Suatu pengkajian empiris tentang LKM pertanian yang dikemukakan oleh penelitian sebelumnya dari Rahmat Hendayana dan Sjahrul  Bustaman (2009) yang berjutuan untuk mengetahui kinerja LKM dalam perspektif pembangunan ekonomi pedesaan telah dilakukan di Jawa dan luar Jawa pada awal tahun 2007 melalui pendekatan pemahaman pedesaan secara partisipatif menggunkan metode group interview melibatkan pengurus dan pengguna LKM. pada tahun 2010 dilakukan penelitian lagi dengan topik yang relatif hampir sama, yaitu dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis deskriptif kualitatif terhadap LKM, diperoleh gambaran sebagai berikut :  a0. kebberadaan LKM diakui masyarakat memiliki peran strategis sebagai intermediasi aktivitas perekonomian yang selama ini bersama-sama dengan lembaga perbankan umum/bank konvensional, jadi ternyata saat ini lembaga perbankan sudah mulai masuk ke pedesaan dalam meningkatkan perekonomian pedesaan terutama bank BRI dan BPR; b) secara faktual pelayanan LKM telah menunjukkan keberhasilan, serta keberhasilannya sudah masuk pada usaha-usaha ekonomi pertanian disamping non pertanian. Skim perkreditan LKM untuk usahatani sudah mendapat prioritas, hal itu ditandai oleh meningkatnya plafon (alokasi dana) untuk mendukung usahatani, yakni sudah mencapai 10% terhadap total plafon LKM; c) Faktor kritis dalam pengembangan LKM sektor pertanian terletak pada aspek legalitas kelembagaan, kapabilitas pengurus, dukungan seed capital, kelayakan ekonomi usahatani, karakteristik usahatanidan bimbingan teknis nasabah/pengguna jasa layanan LKM; d0 untuk memprakarsai penumbuhan dan pengembangan LKM pertanian diperlukan adanya pembinaan peningkatan kapabilitasbagi SDM calon pengelola LKM, dukungan penguatan modal dan pendampingan teknis kepada nasabah pengguna kredit, serta bermitra dengan perbankan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap masyarakat. LKM dapat menjadi perpanjangan dari Perbankan yang besar.
Pengaruh Sistem Tanam Tumpangsari Terhadap Penekanan Gulma, Pertumbuhan serta Hasil Tanaman Padi Gogo, Kedelai dan Jagung
Authors: Hadirochmat Nurdin
Published: July 2019

Rendahnya produksi tanaman jagung, kedelai dan padi gogo antalain disebabkan oleh kehadiran gulma pada pertanaman tiga komoditi tersbut. Lebih dari 10% hasil pertanian hilang akibat terjadinya kompetisi antara gulma dengan tanaman hanya karena sumber cahaya saja. Jika gulma dibiarkan tidak dikendalikan, kehilangan hasil tanaman mencapai kisaran 20%-100%, tergantung pada jenis tanaman dan lingkungannya. Cara yang baik dalam menangani masalah persaingan antara gulma dengan tanaman budidaya adalah meminimalkan peluang tumbuh bagi gulma, yaitu menutup lahan sedemikian rupa dengan memanfaatkan tanaman yang memiliki kemampuan berkompetisi secara efisien serta mempertimbangkan agar tidak terjadi persaingan anatar tanaman budidaya itu sendiri. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok fola faktorial dengan dua faktor dan diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama sistem tumpangsari terdiri dari dua taraf yaitu tumpangsari kedelai/jagung (t1), kedelai/padi gogo (t2); faktor kedua waktu kehadiran gulma dengan 5 taraf yaitu : 3 MST (h1), 5 MST (h2), 7 MST (h3), 9 MST (h4) dan gulma hadir selama pertumbuhan tanaman (h5). hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem tumpangsari kedelai/jagung lebih efisien dalam menekan kehadiran gulma dibanding dengan sistem tanam tumpangsari kedelai/padi gogo, sehingga penampilan hasil dari tanaman jagung lebih baik dibanding tanaman padi gogo dan kedelai, yang dicapai pada waktu kehadiran gulma awal MST.
Respon Hasil Jagung Manis Terhadap Takaran Pupuk Fosfat pada Andisol Lembang
Authors: Sufiadi Endang
Published: July 2019

An experiment was conducted at experimental field of BBHAT, Cikole Lembang, West Java District, West Java, on elevation of 1.250 m above sea level, from July to October 2008. The objective of this experiment was to study the Yield Response of Sweet Corn on the Phosphate Fertilizer Rates in Lembang Andisol. The design used was a Randomized Block Design with five treatments and five replication of A = without phosphate fertilizer, B=75 kg ha-1 P2O5, C= 150 kg ha-1 P2O5, D=225 kgha-1 P=O5, E=300 kg ha-1 P2O5. The result of experiment showed that yield response of sweet corn on the phosphate rate in Lembang Andisol is quadratic form. Maximum yield of corn cob with husk per plant of 575,24 grams per plant was obtained at the optimum phosphate rate of 190,7 kg ha-1 P2O5. This corn yield is equivalent to 22 tons ha-1 higher than the potential yield of these sweet corn variety. Soil-available P increased with increasing rates of phosphate fertilizer, reaches a very high criteria.
Pengaruh Kenaikan Harga Pakan terhadap Permintaan Pakan, Produktivitas dan Pendapatan Usaha Pembesaran Ikan Nila pola Kolam Air Deras
Authors: KS Karyana
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of rising feed prices on the use of feed, pond productivity and business income of tilapia fish enlargement. The research method used is a periodical survey of indigenous fish farmers with census techniques. The analysis technique used is multiple regression with the rank function model and one way variance analysis. The data used in the form of panel data from 2009-2010. Based on the result of research, it is found that the increase of feed price has an effect on decreasing amount of feed usage (demand), decreasing of pond productivity and business income
Pengaruh Kombinasi Konsentrasi dan Lama Perendaman pada Larutan Asam Sulfat terhadap Viabilitas dan Vigor Serta Pertumbuhan Benih Jarak (Jatroka curcas) di Persemaian
Authors: Indriana Kovertina Rakhmi
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh cara yang paling tepat guna mempercepat perkecambahan benih jarak dan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kombinasi konsentrasi dan lamanya perendaman pada larutan asam sulfat terhadap viabilitas dan vigor serta pertumbuhan benih jarak di persemaian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium benih dan di kebun produksi tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Winaya Mukti Tanjungsari, Sumedang dengan ketinggian tempat 850 meter dari permukaan laut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2011 sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2011. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 18 kombinasi perlakuan dan dua ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari : A= direndam pada air aquades selama 1 menit, B= direndam air aquades selama 2 menit, C=direndam air aquades selama 3 menit, D=direndam aquades selama 4 menit, E=direndam aquades selama 5 menit, F= direndam aquades selama 6 menit, G=direndam  konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1% selama 1 menit, H= direndam  konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1% selama 2 menit, I= direndam  konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1% selama 3 menit, J= direndam  konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1% selama 4 menit, K= direndam  konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1% selama 1 menit, L= direndam  konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1% selama 6 menit, M= direndam  konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5 % selama 1 menit, N= direndam  konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5 % selama 2 menit, O=direndam  konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5 % selama 3 menit, P=direndam  konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5 % selama  4 menit, Q= direndam  konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5 % selama 5 menit, R= direndam  konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,5 % selama 6 menit. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi konsentrasi dan lama perendaman pada larutan asam sulfat berpengaruh terhadap daya kecambah benih dan kecepatan tumbuh benih serta pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman umur 24 HST dan jumlah daun pada umur 17 HST, 24 HST, 31 HST, 38 HST dan 45 HST.  Konsentrasi asam sulfat 0,1 % dan 0,5 % dengan berbagai waktu perendaman meningkatkan daya kecambah benih jarak, dengan kecepatan tumbuh yang lebih baik pada lama perendaman 2 menitsampai 6 menit dan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap jumlah daun per tanaman dengan perlakuan terbaik ditunjukkan pada perlakuan konsentrasi 0,5% dengan waktu perendaman selama 6 menit.
Pendekatan Ekologi Sebagai Salah Satu Upaya Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit
Authors: Srimulyati Neneng
Published: July 2019

Pengendalian hama dan penyakit tanaman pada umumnya dilakukan pada suatu populasi tertentu, kecuali bagi tanaman yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi seperti bunga-bungaan dan buah-buahan seringkali dilakukan secara tersendiri. Pada umumnya kerusakan pada satu atau beberapa tanaman dianggap tidak berarti, kecuali pada pertanaman baru. Dari pada menyembuhkan beberapa tanaman yang sudah terserang penyakit, lebih baik melakukan tindakan pengendalian untuk menyelamatkan tanaman yang belum terserang. Dengan demikian maka cara pemberantasan penyakit yang banyak dilakukan terutama ditunjukkan untuk melindungi tanaman dari serangan hama atau penyakit, dan bukan untuk menyembuhkan setelah terserang hama atau terkena penyakit. Jika tanaman tersebut terganggu oleh paogen atau oleh keadaan lingkungan tertentu yang tidak cocok, maka salah satu atau beberapa organ dari tanaman tersebut tidak dapat melaksanakan fungsinya sebagaimana mestinya. Maka dengan demikian tanaman tersebut akan terganggu pertumbuhannya dan tidak dapat tumbuh seperti dalam keadan yang normal. Proses atau mekanisme terjadinya suatu penyakit sangat berbeda dan bergantung dari penyebab serta jenis tanamannya sendiri. Reaksi tanaman terhadap penyebab penyakit pertama-tama tidak terlihat, segera setelah itu reaksinya meluas dan terjadi perubahan dalam tanaman sehingga dapat merupakan gejala dari penyakit tersebut. Pada keadaan lebih lanjut, sel-sel atau jaringan tanaman dapat menjadi lemah dan akhirnya rusak. Dengan demikian kemampuan dari sel-sel tanaman untuk melaksanakan proses fisiologisnya secara normal akan berkurang atau bahkan terhenti sama sekali, sehingga pertumbuhan tanaman terganggu dan akhirnya mati. Pengendalian hama dan penyakit cenderung akan berhasil dengan baik apabila diterapkan strategi pengendalian secara terpadu atau peengendalian secara ekologi. Pengendalian hama terpadu adalah satu sistem pengelolaan hama dan penyakit dalam hubungannya dengan lingkungan dan dinamika species atau populasi species hama dan penyakit tertentu dengan menggunakan semua tekhnik dan metode yang sesuai dalam suattu cara yang sedapat mungkin kompatibel dan mempertahankan populasi hama dan penyakit pada tingkatan di bawah tingkat populasi yang dapat mengakibatkan kerugian secara ekonomi. Dengan kata lain usaha tersebut meliputi menciptakan suatu ekosistem yang baik, memelihara lingkungan agar tetap sehat dan membawa keuntungan bagi petani dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang.