bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing brand value using corporate social responsibility initiatives
Authors: Ajina Ahmed Suhail , Roy Sanjit , Nguyen Bang , Japutra Arnold , Al-Hajla Ali Homaid
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate employees’ perceptions of socially responsible financial services brands in Saudi Arabia. The study also identifies the motives and challenges for Islamic banks for higher involvement in social responsibility initiatives to enhance their brand values.

Design/methodology/approach

An inductive approach was used in this study to identify the motives and challenges related to corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. The research design uses a qualitative approach where in-depth interviews were carried out among the employees in the financial services sector in Saudi Arabia.

Findings

Findings provide insights about how CSR initiatives for financial services brands in a developing and Islamic country are perceived. Results show that the focus of CSR activities is on the attribute of CSR, the magnitude of CSR and attitude towards CSR. Results show two main motives to engage in CSR activities, which are instrumental and ethical motives. The main challenges are related to the government, business, charitable organisations and customers and society.

Practical implications

Implications exist for how CSR is perceived in a new context and in the financial services industry. Understanding the current perception of CSR from a financial service brand perspective helps policymakers to develop appropriate platforms for financial service providers to become more socially involved.

Originality/value

The major contribution of this study lies in investigating the CSR perception among the key stakeholder (i.e. the employees) from a brand management perspective in the Saudi Arabian financial services sector. Further, this study shows the main motives and challenges, which local financial service brands face to become socially responsible. The categories of attributes, magnitude and attitudes can be used to enhance brand value in one of the economically advanced countries in the Arabic world, Saudi Arabia. In the first category “attribute”, the perception of socially responsible banks are highlighted, while the elements of CSR, including its dimensions, are emphasised in the second category “magnitude”. The third category “attitude” shows two themes, including stakeholders’ issues and business-related issues.
From sustainability constraints to innovation
Authors: Calic Goran , Shevchenko Anton , Ghasemaghaei Maryam , Bontis Nick , Ozmen Tokcan Zeynep
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to connect the literatures on sustainability, innovation and paradox to suggest that sustainability constraints – simultaneously addressing commercial and sustainability goals – will increase organizational innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from the literatures on paradox, innovation and sustainability, the authors develop theory about how managers can deliberately enhance the generation and implementation of creative ideas within their organizations.

Findings

The authors build on the existing literature that suggests sustainability considerations should be strategically and deeply integrated elements of business activity by developing arguments about how such integration improves organizational performance. The authors argue sustainability considerations, by creating unique forms of constraints, improve organizational success by enhancing creative idea generation and implementation.

Practical implications

Even strategic leaders espousing to only maximize economic efficiency face the challenge of effectively managing sustainability constraints. The discrepancy between what they should do and the problems they face means strategic leaders often have fewer tools to manage and reflect on their own decision-making than is available in the management literature. This paper presents arguments from diverse research that describes potential decision processes and their outcomes.

Social implications

This paper highlights an important shift in how sustainability constraints are fundamental drivers of long-term organizational performance.

Originality/value

Extant literature treats the simultaneous attention to sustainability concerns and commercial success as difficult accomplishments of clever strategic leaders. Instead, the authors propose that simultaneous attention to sustainability and commercial imperatives is fundamental to long-term organizational success, because it is a powerful determinant of new products, services and business models.
Weekly docetaxel monotherapy for metastatic extramammary Paget’s disease: Retrospective single‐institute analysis
Authors: Nakamura Yoshio , Tanese Keiji , Hirai Ikuko , Fukuda Keitaro , Kawakami Yutaka , Amagai Masayuki , Funakoshi Takeru
Published: February 2020

Monthly docetaxel (DTX) monotherapy is the first‐line regimen that is preferably used for metastatic extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD). However, the high‐dose DTX regimen frequently causes severe hematological adverse events (AE). To overcome such safety concerns, a weekly low‐dose DTX monotherapy has been proposed for use in the treatment of various cancer types. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of weekly DTX (25 mg/m2) monotherapy for metastatic EMPD by retrospectively analyzing the clinical courses of 14 patients treated with this regimen. Weekly DTX monotherapy was well tolerated and all patients completed the treatment schedule without treatment withdrawal, dose reduction or treatment‐related death. While five cases (35.7%) experienced hematological AE, their severity was mild. The response rate was 35.7% (5/14 cases), which included five partial responses. The mean progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 7.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.1–9.1) and 26.4 months (95% CI, 16.7–36.1), respectively. Furthermore, the median PFS was 7.3 months (95% CI, 4.5–10.0) in patients aged 65 years and younger and 7.1 months (95% CI, 4.4–9.9) in patients older than 65 years. These results suggest that weekly DTX monotherapy may be a useful regimen that has a high treatment continuation rate with low levels of hematological toxicity, regardless of the patient’s age for metastatic EMPD.
Bayesian inversion of joint SH seismic and seismoelectric data to infer glacier system properties
Authors: Macchioli‐Grande Franco , Zyserman Fabio , Monachesi Leonardo , Jouniaux Laurence , Rosas‐Carbajal Marina
Published: February 2020

In glacial studies, properties such as glacier thickness and the basement permeability and porosity are key to understand the hydrological and mechanical behaviour of the system. The seismoelectric method could potentially be used to determine key properties of glacial environments. Here we analytically model the generation of seismic and seismoelectric signals by means of a shear horizontal seismic wave source on top of a glacier overlying a porous basement. Considering a one‐dimensional setting, we compute the seismic waves and the electrokinetically induced electric field. We then analyse the sensitivity of the seismic and electromagnetic data to relevant model parameters, namely depth of the glacier bottom, porosity, permeability, shear modulus and saturating water salinity of the glacier basement. Moreover, we study the possibility of inferring these key parameters from a set of very low noise synthetic data, adopting a Bayesian framework to pay particular attention to the uncertainty of the model parameters mentioned above. We tackle the resolution of the probabilistic inverse problem with two strategies: (1) we compute the marginal posterior distributions of each model parameter solving multidimensional integrals numerically and (2) we use a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to retrieve a collection of model parameters that follows the posterior probability density function of the model parameters, given the synthetic data set. Both methodologies are able to obtain the marginal distributions of the parameters and estimate their mean and standard deviation. The Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm performs better in terms of numerical stability and number of iterations needed to characterize the distributions. The inversion of seismic data alone is not able to constrain the values of porosity and permeability further than the prior distribution. In turn, the inversion of the electric data alone, and the joint inversion of seismic and electric data are useful to constrain these parameters as well as other glacial system properties. Furthermore, the joint inversion reduces the uncertainty of the model parameters estimates and provides more accurate results.
Fluid Dynamics: On the Representation of Water and Discourses of the Digital
Authors: Kinsey Cadence
Published: February 2020

Water bottles, ripples, waves, storms, floods, pipes and oceans. In the last decade, water has featured as a major thematic or visual trope in artworks made with, for or about the Internet. From Helen Marten's Evian Disease (2012) to Hito Steyerl's Liquidity Inc. (2014), this essay considers why the image of water has provided such a powerful and provocative visual metaphor for new digital technologies. I analyse how the image of water has been used to map out a series of key relationships between information technology, finance and the environment. Drawing these fields together through the themes of transparency and opacity, order and chaos, I argue that the image of water serves as a shorthand for making art in a time of crisis: a representation of a meltdown that is at once both metaphoric and all too real. At stake in this is the idea that the repeated and recurrent use of images of water in recent art reveals not simply how but crucially why a new set of narratives about digital technology has emerged since 2008: narratives in which a historical language of immaterial flows has now come to be superseded by one of material realities.
Syllable Weight Gradation in the Luwic Languages
Authors: Vertegaal Alexander
Published: February 2020

This paper offers a new perspective on Čop's Law and Open Syllable Lengthening, two commonly accepted sound laws that lengthened both consonants and vowels in the Luwic languages. It is proposed that both developments take similar inputs and ultimately yield the same effect: neutralisation of the syllable weight opposition in accented (stressed) syllables. This development is in line with a tendency already observable in Proto‐Anatolian, according to which unstressed syllables were made light, while stressed syllables were made heavy. Thus, it is argued, in the prehistory of the Luwic languages, vocalic length, consonantal length and syllable weight in general became increasingly dependent to the position of the stress and therefore became phonologically neutralised to a certain extent.
Genesis and Tectonic Implications of the Kabr El‐Bonaya Ultramafic Rocks, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt: Constraints from Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics
Authors: MOGAHED Moustafa Mohammed
Published: February 2020

The Kabr El‐Bonaya mafic–ultramafic intrusion is exposed along the southeastern border of the Sinai Peninsula and the northernmost segment of the Arabian‐Nubian Shield (ANS). It occurs as an elliptical intrusive body that is located along the major NE–SW trending fracture zones that prevail in the Kid metamorphic complex. The ultramafic rocks in the complex comprise ultramafic cumulates of peridotites (dunite, harzburgite and wehrlite) and pyroxenite. These rocks are generally unmetamorphosed and have intrusive contacts with the country rock. Mineral chemistry and whole‐rock chemical compositions of these ultramafic rocks are mostly consistent with those of residual mantle peridotites from refractory supra‐subduction tectonic settings. Based on the variations of the major elements, the studied ultramafic rocks are consistent with those of a supra‐subduction zone mantle, as it seems to have melted at 1–2 GPa and 1300–1450°C. Linear variations of Al2O3, CaO, V and Ni with MgO, coupled with incompatible and rare‐earth‐element depletion and mineral compositions, suggest prior events of partial melting in both wehrlites and harzburgites. The LREE enrichment in the harzburgite, as well as the development of Cr‐rich spinel, is consistent with a history of melt–peridotite interaction. The calculated (Sm/Yb)N variations for the studied peridotites indicate a general increase in the addition of fluids with an increasing degree of melting from the wehrlite (∼13–15 wt% of fluid) in the source, after initial spinel peridotite melting to the harzburgite (∼20–25 wt% of fluid) in the same source, which is contrary to normal abyssal peridotites. The estimated equilibration temperature ranges from 1214 to 1321°C for the studied wehrlites and from 1297 to 1374°C for harzburgites. The Mg‐rich nature of the analysed olivines from the studied ultramafic rocks (Fo = 81.41 to 91.77) reflect their primary composition and are similar to olivines in Alaskan‐type ultramafic rocks. The Fo content of the analyzed olivines decrease slightly from the dunite to the harzburgite to the wehrlite and to pyroxenite, reflecting a fractional crystallization trend. The high Cr# and very low TiO2 contents (0.03–0.12 wt%) of the Cr‐spinels from the studied peridotites are mostly consistent with modern highly refractory fore‐arc peridotites, indicating that these peridotites developed in a supra‐subduction zone environment.
Production of Potash and N‐Mg Compound Fertilizer via Mineral Shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake: Phase Diagrams of Quaternary System (NH4)2SO4‐MgSO4‐K2SO4‐H2O in the Isothermal Evaporation and Crystallization Process
Authors: LI Cheng , CHEN Xueqing , GUO Hongfei , ZHOU Xue , CAO Jilin
Published: February 2020

Based on the requirement of the new technology for producing potassium sulfate and N‐Mg compound fertilizer, boussingaultite, by the reaction of the mineral shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake, Qinghai province, and the industrial byproduct ammonium sulfate, the solubilities of the quaternary system (NH4)2SO4‐MgSO4‐K2SO4‐H2O at 25.0°C in the isothermal evaporation and crystallization process were measured using the isothermal evaporation method, and the corresponding phase diagrams were plotted. According to the diagram, this system contains six saturation points and six solid phase fields of crystallization, which correspond to (K1‐m,(NH4)m)2SO4, (NH4)2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O, K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O, MgSO4·6H2O, (K1‐n,(NH4)n)2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O and MgSO4·7H2O, respectively. By analyzing and calculating the isothermal evaporation and dissolution phase diagram of this quaternary system at 25.0°C, K2SO4 and (NH4) 2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O can be separated via K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O and (NH4)2SO4 as raw materials. Theoretical calculations about the proposed process were carried out and verified by experiment, which indicated that the yield of potassium sulfate was improved and the magnesium resources were fully utilized.
Clinical impact of frailty among patients with severe vital sign derangement: An observational study
Authors: Bech Laura K. , Lindhardt Anne , Meyhoff Christian S.
Published: February 2020

Background

Frailty is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and frail patients may have reduced ability to tolerate severe vital sign derangement such as estimated by a high National Early Warning Score (NEWS). The clinical impact of frailty among patients that develop high NEWS during hospital admissions is sparsely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between clinical frailty and admission to intensive care unit (ICU) among these patients.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational study from November 2017 to January 2018. We included adult patients admitted to general wards that during hospitalization developed severe vital sign derangement defined as NEWS ≥7. Patients were without treatment restrictions at inclusion. Primary exposure was frailty as assessed by the Clinical Frailty Scale. Primary outcome was ICU admission within 90 days, which was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

We included 109 patients with NEWS ≥7, of which 61 patients (56%) were frail. Ten of the 61 frail patients (16%) were admitted to ICU compared to 9 of the 48 non‐frail patients (19%), adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.92 (95% CI 0.32‐2.62). Frail patients were more likely to have new treatment restrictions (aOR 2.91; 95% CI 1.26‐6.71). Their aOR for mortality was 1.95 (95% CI 0.84‐4.55).

Conclusion

Frail patients with severe vital sign derangement during acute hospital admissions were not more likely to be admitted to ICU nor was mortality higher. Treatment restrictions were more frequent among frail patients after vital sign derangements developed.
Common genetic substrates of alcohol and substance use disorder severity revealed by pleiotropy detection against GWAS catalog in two populations
Authors: Peng Qian , Wilhelmsen Kirk C. , Ehlers Cindy L.
Published: February 2020

Alcohol and other substance use disorders (AUD and SUD) are complex diseases that are postulated to have a polygenic inheritance and are often comorbid with other disorders. The comorbidities may arise partially through genetic pleiotropy. Identification of specific gene variants accounting for large parts of the variance in these disorders has yet to be accomplished. We describe a flexible strategy that takes a variant‐trait association database and determines if a subset of disease/straits are potentially pleiotropic with the disorder under study. We demonstrate its usage in a study of use disorders in two independent cohorts: alcohol, stimulants, cannabis (CUD), and multi‐substance use disorders (MSUD) in American Indians (AI) and AUD and CUD in Mexican Americans (MA). Using a machine learning method with variants in GWAS catalog, we identified 229 to 246 pleiotropic variants for AI and 153 to 160 for MA for each SUD. Inflammation was the most enriched for MSUD and AUD in AIs. Neurological disorder was the most significantly enriched for CUD in both cohorts, and for AUD and stimulants in AIs. Of the select pleiotropic genes shared among substances‐cohorts, multiple biological pathways implicated in SUD and other psychiatric disorders were enriched, including neurotrophic factors, immune responses, extracellular matrix, and circadian regulation. Shared pleiotropic genes were significantly up‐regulated in brain regions playing important roles in SUD, down‐regulated in esophagus mucosa, and differentially regulated in adrenal gland. This study fills a gap for pleiotropy detection in understudied admixed populations and identifies pleiotropic variants that may be potential targets of interest for SUD.
Weighted burden analysis of exome‐sequenced late‐onset Alzheimer's cases and controls provides further evidence for a role for PSEN1 and suggests involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3β and WNT signalling pathways
Authors: Curtis David , Bakaya Kaushiki , Sharma Leona , Bandyopadhyay Sreejan
Published: February 2020

Previous studies have implicated common and rare genetic variants as risk factors for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Here, weighted burden analysis was applied to over 10,000 exome‐sequenced subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project. Analyses were carried out to investigate whether rare variants predicted to have a functional effect within a gene were more commonly seen in cases or in controls. Confirmatory results were obtained for TREM2, ABCA7, and SORL1. Additional support was provided for PSEN1 (p = 0.0002), which previously had been only weakly implicated in LOAD. There was suggestive evidence that functional variants in PIK3R1, WNT7A, C1R, and EXOC5 might increase risk and that variants in TIAF1 and/or NDRG2 might have a protective effect. Overall, there was strong evidence (p = 5 × 10−6) that variants in tyrosine phosphatase genes reduce the risk of developing LOAD. Because PIK3R1 variants are expected to impair PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3β signalling while variants in tyrosine phosphatase genes would enhance it, these findings are in line with those from animal models, suggesting that this pathway is protective against Alzheimer's disease.
European Academy of Andrology (EAA) guidelines on investigation, treatment and monitoring of functional hypogonadism in males
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Huhtaniemi Ilpo , Zitzmann Michael , Toppari Jorma , Forti Gianni , Vanderschueren Dirk , Wu Frederick C.
Published: February 2020

Background

Evidence regarding functional hypogonadism, previously referred to as ‘late‐onset’ hypogonadism, has increased substantially during the last 10 year.

Objective

To update the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) guidelines on functional hypogonadism.

Methods

Expert group of academicians appointed by the EAA generated a series of consensus recommendations according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system.

Results

The diagnosis of functional hypogonadism should be based on both the presence of clinical symptoms supported by repeatedly low morning fasting serum total testosterone (T) measured with a well‐validated assay, after exclusion of organic causes of hypogonadism. Lifestyle changes and weight reduction should be the first approach in all overweight and obese men. Whenever possible, withdrawal/modification of drugs potentially interfering with T production should be advised. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is contraindicated in men with untreated prostate or breast cancer, as well as severe heart failure. Severe low urinary tract symptoms and haematocrit >48%‐50% represent relative contraindications for TRT. Prostate‐specific antigen and digital rectal examination of the prostate should be undertaken in men >40 years of age before initiating TRT to exclude occult prostate cancer. Transdermal T should be preferred for initiation of TRT, whereas gonadotrophin therapy is only recommended when fertility is desired in men with secondary hypogonadism. TRT is able to improve sexual function in hypogonadal men. Other potential positive outcomes of TRT remain uncertain and controversial.

Conclusion

TRT can reliably improve global sexual function in men with hypogonadism in the short term. Long‐term clinical benefits, and safety of TRT in functional hypogonadism, remain to be fully documented. Clinicians should therefore explicitly discuss the uncertainties and benefits of TRT and engage them in shared management decision‐making.
Angiographic biomarkers of filtering bleb function after XEN gel implantation for glaucoma: an optical coherence tomography‐angiography study
Authors: Mastropasqua Rodolfo , Brescia Lorenza , Di Antonio Luca , Guarini Daniele , Giattini Dario , Zuppardi Eduardo , Agnifili Luca
Published: February 2020

Purpose

To evaluate, using optical coherence tomography‐angiography (OCT‐A), the vascular features of good bleb function after XEN gel implantation (XGI) for uncontrolled glaucoma.

Methods

Forty‐three patients (43 eyes), who underwent XGI, were enrolled. According to the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, patients were classified into Group 1 (21 eyes; success) and Group 2 (22 eyes; failure). Optical coherence tomography‐angiography (OCT‐A) was performed to image the vascularization of the conjunctival bleb‐wall. The main outcomes were as follows: vessel displacement areas (VDAs), major vessel displacement area (MVDA; mm2), non‐flow whole area (NFWA; mm2) and bleb‐wall vessel density (BVD; %). Co‐registered B‐scans were also considered to evaluate the bleb‐wall cyst‐like structure density and area (BCSD, cysts/mm2; BCSA, mm2), and the bleb‐wall thickness (BT, µm).

Results

Mean postoperative follow‐up was 7.5 ± 0.14 months; Group 1 and 2 IOP were 14.0 ± 2.5 and 25.3 ± 2.1 mmHg, respectively (p < 0.001). Greater VDA (p < 0.001), MVDA (p = 0.046) and NFWA (p = 0.001) values, and lower BVD (p < 0.001) was found in Group 1 compared to Group 2. Group 1 showed higher BSCD, BSCA and BT values compared to Group 2 (p < 0.001). Postoperative IOP positively correlated with BVD (r = 0.567; p = 0.003), but negatively with VDAs, MVDA (r = −0.581, p = 0.002; r = −0.619, p = 0.001, respectively), BCSD, BCSA (r = −0.580; p = 0.002; r = −0.664; p < 0.001) and BT (r = −0.627, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Successful filtration blebs after XGI present numerous and large areas of vessel displacement within the bleb‐wall, along with a rarefied vascular network. These OCT‐A features can be considered angiographic biomarkers of a good aqueous humour percolation through the bleb‐wall layers.
Attitudes Toward Separating Immigrant Families at the United States–Mexico Border
Authors: Rowatt Wade C. , Al‐Kire Rosemary L. , Dunn Hilary , Leman Joseph
Published: February 2020

The primary aims of this project were to estimate levels of agreement or opposition with immigrant family separation at the U.S.–Mexico border and to identify psychological variables that account for variability in attitudes toward immigrant family separation. In Study 1, a sample designed to be representative of Americans in the United States responded to a question about the zero‐tolerance policy that resulted in immigrant family separation. In Study 2, participants in two convenience samples completed online surveys with measures of perceived threat posed by immigrants, dehumanization, social dominance, political ideology, religiosity, and immigrant family separation. Across samples, the majority of respondents opposed separating immigrant families. Conservative political ideology was a consistent correlate of support for immigrant family separation. Dehumanization of immigrants and social dominance orientation also accounted for unique variability in support for immigrant family separation. Given the potentially harmful effects of extended parent‐child separation caused by the zero‐tolerance policy, it is important to understand the roles of dehumanization, social dominance, and ideology in attitudes toward immigration policies. Predictors of support for restrictive policies could be targets of individual or community‐level interventions designed to reduce immigrant prejudice. Directions for future research and implications for U.S. communities and policies affecting immigrants are discussed.
Longitudinal outcomes with cancer multigene panel testing in previously testedBRCA1/2negative patients
Authors: Bradbury Angela R. , Egleston Brian L. , Patrick‐Miller Linda J. , Rustgi Neil , Brandt Amanda , Brower Jamie , DiGiovanni Laura , Fetzer Dominique , Berkelbach Christopher , Long Jessica M. , Powers Jacquelyn , Stopfer Jill E. , Domchek Susan M.
Published: February 2020

Although multigene panel testing (MGPT) is increasingly utilized in clinical practice, there remain limited data on patient‐reported outcomes.BRCA 1/2negative patients were contacted and offered MGPT. Patients completed pre‐ and posttest counseling, and surveys assessing cognitive, affective and behavioral outcomes at baseline, postdisclosure and 6 and 12 months. Of 317 eligibleBRCA1/2negative patients who discussed the study with research staff, 249 (79%) enrolled. Decliners were more likely to be older, non‐White, and recruited by mail or email. Ninety‐five percent of enrolled patients proceeded with MGPT. There were no significant changes in anxiety, depression, cancer specific distress or uncertainty postdisclosure. There were significant but small increases in knowledge, cancer‐specific distress and depression at 6‐12 months. Uncertainty declined over time. Those with a VUS had significant decreases in uncertainty but also small increases in cancer specific distress at 6 and 12 months. Among those with a positive result, medical management recommendations changed in 26% of cases and 2.6% of all tested. MostBRCA1/2negative patients have favorable psychosocial outcomes after receipt of MGPT results, although small increases in depression and cancer‐specific worry may exist and may vary by result. Medical management changed in few patients.
Clinical and laboratory passive fit assessment of implant‐supported zirconia restorations fabricated using conventional and digital workflow
Authors: Rutkunas Vygandas , Larsson Christel , Vult von Steyern Per , Mangano Francesco , Gedrimiene Agne
Published: February 2020

Background

Long‐term success of implant‐supported restorations can be affected by the accuracy of the prosthodontic workflow which may differ between conventional and digital techniques.

Purpose

The purpose was to compare the fit of two‐implant‐supported restorations, fabricated using conventional and digital workflows and to assess the influence of distance and angulation between the implants on the passive fit of the prosthesis. The SR test was selected to evaluate the fit of two‐implant‐supported zirconia restorations.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐eight zirconia two‐implant‐supported restorations were fabricated according to conventional (group C, n = 24) and digital (group D, n = 24) workflows. The SR parameter was calculated as a difference of rotation angles of each screw in passive and nonpassive situations. SR values between groups C and D were compared by performing measurements intraorally, on master and control casts.

Results

SR intraorally in group C (16.25 ± 15.52°) was higher than it was in group D (13.85 ± 10.78°), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .557). While measuring SR on the master cast, group C SR (6.04 ± 7.43°) had lower values than group D (13.12 ± 13.86°) (P = .0039). No statistically significant correlations were found between SR measurements and inter‐implant distance or angulation. Restorations with inter‐implant angle higher than 10° differed significantly from those with less than 10° angulation.

Conclusions

Digital restorations had a better fit on the control cast, which was used as a reference in this study. Angulation of more than 10° between the implants could negatively affect the passive fit of the digitally fabricated restorations intraorally.
Data on implant failures will show different results depending on how patients are compiled and analyzed: A retrospective study on 3902 individual patients treated either with one single implant or implants in the edentulous upper jaw
Authors: Torsten Jemt
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The basic aim of the present study was to analyze the results of implant failures in two different implant populations, and how these results may vary depending on how the data are compiled and analyzed.

Materials and Methods

Two groups of consecutively treated patients were included who had been provided with either one single implant in a partially edentulous upper jaw (1881 patients) or four to eight implants in an edentulous upper jaw (2031 patients/12 454 implants). The risk of implant failure in the two groups separately and in combination was statistically compared by using uni‐ and multivariable analyses.

Results

The two groups showed significant differences in inclusion, surgical treatment protocols, and the risk of implant failures (P < .05). Overall, 25‐year patient‐level cumulative survival rates (CSRs) were 75.8% and 96.3% for edentulous and single implant treatment, respectively. “Dental condition” was the variable associated with the greatest risk of implant failure (HR 6.00; edentulous). Only one variable was significantly associated with the risk of implant failure in all tested groups (“time after surgery”; a decreased risk was observed over time), and more variables were statistically associated with implant failures in the edentulous group than in the single implant group.

Conclusions

Edentulous patients present a significantly and substantially higher risk of implant failures than patients provided with a single implant. When patients with different clinical conditions are pooled into the same group, patients with the most common condition in the total group have greatest impact on the result of the total group. Based on the present observations, risk patterns for a certain oral condition are not necessarily comparable with the implant treatment received by other patients, and the external validity may be limited in small, homogeneous groups of patients.
IL‐6 promotes metastasis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer by up‐regulating TIM‐4 via NF‐κB
Authors: Liu Wen , Wang Hongxing , Bai Fuxiang , Ding Lu , Huang Yanyan , Lu Changchang , Chen Siyuan , Li Chunyang , Yue Xuetian , Liang Xiaohong , Ma Chunhong , Xu Liyun , Gao Lifen
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is critical for the development of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, we identified T‐cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 4 (TIM‐4) as a new pro‐growth player in NSCLC progression. However, the role of TIM‐4 in IL‐6‐promoted NSCLC migration, invasion and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains unclear.

Materials and Methods

Expressions of TIM‐4 and IL‐6 were both evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in NSCLC tissues. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blot, flow cytometry and RT‐PCR were performed to detect TIM‐4 expression in NSCLC cells with IL‐6 stimulation. The roles of TIM‐4 in IL‐6 promoting migration and invasion of NSCLC were detected by transwell assay. EMT‐related markers were analysed by qPCR and Western blot in vitro, and metastasis was evaluated in BALB/c nude mice using lung cancer metastasis mouse model in vivo.

Results

High IL‐6 expression was identified as an independent predictive factor for TIM‐4 expression in NSCLC tissues. NSCLC patients with TIM‐4 and IL‐6 double high expression showed the worst prognosis. IL‐6 promoted TIM‐4 expression in NSCLC cells depending on NF‐κB signal pathway. Both TIM‐4 and IL‐6 promoted migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC cells. Interestingly, TIM‐4 knockdown reversed the role of IL‐6 in NSCLC and IL‐6 promoted metastasis of NSCLC by up‐regulating TIM‐4 via NF‐κB.

Conclusions

TIM‐4 involves in IL‐6 promoted migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC.
Evaluating elicited judgments of turtle captures for data‐limited fisheries management
Authors: Arlidge William N. S. , Alfaro‐Shigueto Joanna , Ibanez‐Erquiaga Bruno , Mangel Jeffrey C. , Squires Dale , Milner‐Gulland Eleanor J.
Published: February 2020

We compare judgments of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) captures elicited from local gillnet skippers and not‐for‐profit conservation organization employees operating in a small‐scale fishery in Peru, to capture rates calculated from a voluntary at‐sea observer program operating out of the same fishery. To reduce cognitive biases and more accurately quantify uncertainty in our experts’ judgments, we followed the IDEA (“Investigate,” “Discuss,” “Estimate,” and “Aggregate”) structured elicitation protocol. The elicited mean monthly estimates of green turtle gillnet captures within summer and winter fishing seasons were higher than the equivalent green turtle capture rates calculated from the fisheries observer data; however, no statistically significant differences were identified when comparing the means of the datasets using bootstrap hypothesis tests (winter observed difference‐in‐means: 83.15, adj mean ± SD = 42.39 ± 32.59; summer observed difference‐in‐means: 68.58, adj mean ± SD = 54.06 ± 41.22). We investigated respondent performance in relation to the observer data capture rates. The not‐for‐profit employees scored high on accuracy and calibration performance metrics. The gillnet skippers’ judgments ranked higher on informativeness yet lower on accuracy and calibration, potentially reflective of overconfident judgments. This research presents a new context for using the IDEA protocol, which may prove helpful for rapid, exploratory evaluations of capture and bycatch impact in data‐limited small‐scale fishery management scenarios.
S1 guidelines: Tinea capitis
Authors: Mayser Peter , Nenoff Pietro , Reinel Dieter , Abeck Dietrich , Brasch Jochen , Daeschlein Georg , Effendy Isaak , Ginter‐Hanselmayer Gabriele , Gräser Yvonne , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Höger Peter , Kolb‐Mäurer Annette , Ott Hagen , Schaller Martin , Zidane Miriam
Published: February 2020

Tinea capitis describes a dermatophyte infection of scalp and hair that predominately occurs in children. The diagnostic workup includes microscopic examination, culture and/or molecular tests. Treatment is guided by the specific organism involved and should consist of systemic agents as well as adjuvant topical treatment. The aim of the present update of the interdisciplinary German S1 guidelines is to provide dermatologists, pediatricians and general practitioners with a decision tool for selecting and implementing appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures in patients with tinea capitis. The guidelines were developed based on current international guidelines, in particular the 2010 European Society for Pediatric Dermatology guidelines and the 2014 British Association of Dermatologists guidelines, as well as on a review of the literature conducted by the guideline committee. This multidisciplinary committee consists of representatives from the German Society of Dermatology (DDG), the German‐Speaking Mycological Society (DMykG), the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology (DGHM), the German Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ) and the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI). The Division of Evidence‐based Medicine (dEBM) provided methodological assistance. The guidelines were approved by the participating medical societies following a comprehensive internal and external review.
miRNA dysregulation in ischaemic stroke: Focus on diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic and protective biomarkers
Authors: Vasudeva Kanika , Munshi Anjana
Published: February 2020

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in both developing and developed countries. Biomarkers for stroke and its outcome can greatly facilitate early detection and management of the disease. miRNAs have been explored for their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and brain injury in ischaemic stroke. A substantial body of evidence suggests that miRNAs play key roles in numerous cellular changes following ischaemic stroke including mitochondrial dysfunction, energy failure, cytokine‐mediated cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, activation of glial cells, increased intracellular calcium levels inflammatory responses and disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In addition, targeting specific miRNAs, therapeutic modulation of brain injury and apoptosis can also be achieved. Therefore, the current review has been compiled within an aim to give an overview of the developments exploiting miRNAs at different stages of stroke as prognostic, diagnostic, protective and therapeutic biomarkers.
From “4Rs and 2Ss” to “Amaka Amasanyufu” (Happy Families): Adapting a U.S.‐based Evidence‐Based Intervention to the Uganda Context
Authors: Sensoy Bahar Ozge , Byansi William , Kivumbi Apollo , Namatovu Phionah , Kiyingi Joshua , Ssewamala Fred M. , McKay Mary M. , Nyoni Thabani
Published: February 2020

In Uganda, one in five children presents mental health challenges, including disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs). DBDs can persist through adulthood and result in negative outcomes. Effective interventions for DBDs have been developed and tested in high‐poverty communities in developed countries. Yet, most African countries, such as Uganda, lack such interventions. This paper describes the adaptation process of an evidence‐based intervention of U.S. origin to optimize fit to context with intervention fidelity, as part of a randomized trial conducted with youth that exhibit behavioral challenges and their caregivers in 30 schools in Uganda. The process involved: initial meetings with headteachers and teachers to introduce the study and the main concepts of the intervention; initial manual review focusing on 4Rs and 2Ss content by the Uganda team; engagement of community stakeholders for additional feedback on content and cultural relevance; final revision of the manual; and collection of children’s drawings for the illustration of the manual. This paper describes both similarities and differences between the original and adapted intervention content and methods of delivery. The findings also highlight the importance of involving community stakeholders in the adaptation process.
Toward a Framework for Military Family Life Education: Culture, Context, Content, and Practice
Authors: Mancini Jay A. , O'Neal Catherine Walker , Lucier‐Greer Mallory
Published: February 2020

Grounded in multiple ways of thinking about families, we propose a beginning framework for developing and implementing military family life education. We first situate this work within the context of established family life education frameworks. Then, we discuss features of military culture, including its contexts and demands on families, to highlight the realities of life as a military family and underscore available strengths that family life educators may build upon. This is followed by a discussion of family science theories emphasizing components that can inform and ground military family life education. Next, we draw on lessons from recent comprehensive reviews of programs, including their merits and demerits. Finally, we cite example programs, including those embedded in military family support systems themselves, and resources that are available to family life educators. Ultimately, we propose a set of ideas that inform a framework for developing and implementing military family life education aligned with the realities of family life as well as the vulnerabilities and the resilience of military families.
Changing estuaries and impacts on juvenile salmon: A systematic review
Authors: Hodgson Emma E. , Wilson Samantha M. , Moore Jonathan W.
Published: February 2020

Estuaries are productive ecosystems providing important habitat for a diversity of species, yet they also experience intense levels of anthropogenic development. To inform decision‐making, it is essential to understand the pathways of impacts of particular human activities, especially those that affect species such as salmon, which have high ecological, social‐cultural and economic values. Salmon systems provide an opportunity to build from the substantial body of research on responses to estuary developments and take stock of what is known. We conducted a systematic English‐language literature review on the responses of juvenile salmon to anthropogenic activities in estuaries and nearshore areas asking: what has been studied, where are the major knowledge gaps and how do stressors affect salmon? We found a substantial body of research (n = 167 studies; 1,369 comparative tests) to help understand responses of juvenile salmon to 24 activities and their 14 stressors. Across studies, 82% of the research was conducted in the eastern Pacific (Oregon and Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada) showing a limited geographical scope. Using a semiquantitative approach to summarize the literature, including a weight‐of‐evidence metric, we found a range of results from low to moderate–high confidence in the consequences of the stressors. For example, we found moderate–high confidence in the negative impacts of pollutants and sea lice and moderate confidence in negative impacts from connectivity loss and changes in flow. Our results suggest that overall, multiple anthropogenic activities cause negative impacts across ecological scales. However, our results also reveal knowledge gaps resulting from minimal research on particular species (e.g. sockeye salmon), regions (e.g. Atlantic) or stressors (e.g. entrainment) that would be expedient areas for future research. With estuaries acting as a nexus of biological and societal importance and hotspots of ongoing development, the insights gained here can contribute to informed decision‐making.
Individual agency and socio‐spatial change in regional development: Conceptualizing governance entrepreneurship
Authors: Döringer Stefanie
Published: February 2020

Although scholars and practitioners increasingly highlight the role of individuals in initiating socio‐spatial change processes in regional development, there is still little conceptual and empirical knowledge concerning this phenomenon. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to gain a deeper theoretical understanding of entrepreneurial individuals in local and regional governance and to provide a more comprehensive framework for investigating individual agency and socio‐spatial change. In concepts of local and regional governance, the role of individuals has been overshadowed by the focus on institutional and organizational structures. Policy and institutional entrepreneurship literature stresses the importance of individual capabilities for identifying windows of opportunity and promoting policy and institutional change. However, it reveals some shortcomings concerning the influence of entrepreneurial individuals in governance itself. By combining both strands of literature, the concept of governance entrepreneurship is introduced here. It accentuates the role of entrepreneurial individuals in initiating change in local and regional governance by establishing or transforming actor constellations, interaction modes, or decision‐making territories. Finally, the interrelatedness of the concepts of institutional, policy, and governance entrepreneurship is discussed in order to gain a deeper understanding of these different types of transformative agency.
Academic and teacher expatriates: Mobilities, positionalities, and subjectivities
Authors: Koh Sin Yee , Sin I Lin
Published: February 2020

Foreign academics and international school teachers have received little attention in migration studies and human geography despite their rapidly growing numbers and diversity in the global education landscape. This paper explores the inconsistent terms and categorical definitions attached to them and puts forth the value of approaching them as migrants under the term “expatriate.” It critically reviews an emerging body of work, led by human resource management and education literature, which uncovers the complexities and unique specificities of their mobilities. Our review reveals the diverse and uneven mobility structures, practices, and outcomes of academic and teacher expatriation that are stratified by gender, age, class, race, ethnicity, and nationality. Using the concept of translocational positionality, we argue that these intersectional positions must be situated within geographical contexts of power and differentiation to make visible the multiple, contingent, and contradictory realities of such expatriation. Doing so opens avenues for more nuanced and balanced insights into the privileges and vulnerabilities that confront these expatriates and which make them distinct and worthy of study.
The effect of mindfulness training on burnout syndrome in nursing: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Suleiman‐Martos Nora , Gomez‐Urquiza Jose L. , Aguayo‐Estremera Raimundo , Cañadas‐De La Fuente Guillermo A. , De La Fuente‐Solana Emilia I. , Albendín‐García Luis
Published: February 2020

Aim

To analyse the effect of mindfulness training on levels of burnout among nurses.

Background

Burnout syndrome is a common occupational hazard for nursing staff. Mindfulness training has been proposed as a valid intervention for burnout.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Data sources

The CINAHL, LILACS, Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scielo and Scopus databases were consulted, using the search equation ‘Nurs * AND burnout AND mindfulness’. There was no restriction on the year of publication.

Review methods

Papers were selected for analysis in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The meta‐analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results

The sample was of 17 articles including 632 nurses. Mindfulness training reduces levels of burnout, producing lower scores for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and higher for personal accomplishment. The differences in the means were 1.32 (95% CI: −9.41–6.78), 1.91 (95% CI: −4.50–0.68) and 2.12 (95% CI: −9.91–14.14), respectively, between the intervention and control groups.

Conclusion

Mindfulness training reduces the emotional burden and hence levels of burnout, among nurses. However, further randomized clinical trials are required.