bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Turner's Trail
Authors: Jacobs Wilbur R.
Published: April 2022

Should Frederick Jackson Turner be revered as “the father of western history” or reviled as a misguided advocate of a frontier spirit and rugged individualism that denied cultural diversity and produced widespread environmental destruction? Dividing into campus over the issue, western historians place him everywhere from one end of the spectrum to the other.

In this provocative new interpretation of Turner’s life, work, and legacy, Wilbur Jacobs challenges the views of traditionalists and views of traditionalists and revisionists alike. From extensive research in the Turner archives, a nationwide search for additional Turner correspondence, interviews with historians, and a lifetime of collecting Turner anecdotes, Jacobs chronicles Turner’s professional (and sometimes personal) bequest through 100 years of Western historical writing.

Jacobs adds his voice to the heated debate by mixing a sophisticated critique of historical writing with stories of professional intrigue—the fights to protect Turner’s legacy, limit access to the Turner archives, and control the Western history Association. He traces the intellectual development of Turner’s frontier theory; explores the intense rivalry between two major Turnerian disciples, Frederick Merk and Ray A. Billington, as they vied for control of Turner’s legacy; and analyzes the efforts of new western historians who seek to erase Turner and Billington from the landscape of what is now called the history of the “West.”

Balanced in his assessments, Jacobs treats Turner and his disciples with a sympathetic yet critical eye. He points out Turner’s limitations in dealing with environmental, racial-ethnic, and urban themes as well as the shortcomings of Merk, Billington, and other Turnerians. At the same time, however, Jacobs illuminates the major contributions of their work.

Despite their intense differences, Jacobs argues, all western historians remain inextricably linked by Turner’s legacy.
Requiem
Authors: McDonald Forrest , Shapiro Ellen
Published: April 2022

In eleven provocative essays Forrest McDonald and his wife, Ellen Shapiro McDonald, cover a wide range of the intellectual, political, military, and social history of the eighteenth century to present both a picture of the age in which our Constitution was crafted and commentary on developments that have caused American government to stray from the Founders’ principles.

Appearing here in print for the first time is Forrest McDonald’s widely acclaimed 1987 NEH Jefferson lecture, “The Intellectual World of the Founding Fathers.” In other essays the McDonalds examine such topics as the writing of the Constitution, the central role of such little-known Founders as John Dickinson (“the most underrated of all the Founders”), and the constitutional principles of Alexander Hamilton. Also presented is an exploration of the ritualistic aspects of eighteenth-century warfare and an analysis of Shays’ Rebellion as a tax revolt. In chapters focusing on the separation of powers, the political economy, and the death of federalism, the McDonalds argue the urgent need to “return to limited government under law.”
America's Bachelor Uncle
Authors: Taylor Bob Pepperman
Published: April 2022

Emphatically revisionist, Bob Pepperman Taylor reveals a Thoreau most people never knew existed. Contrary to conventional views, Taylor argues that Thoreau was one of America's most powerful and least understood political thinkers, a man who promoted community and democratic values, while being ever vigilant against the evils of excessive or illegitimate authority.

Still widely viewed as a remarkable nature writer but simplistic philosopher with no real understanding of society, Thoreau is resurrected here as a profound social critic with more on his mind than utopian daydreams. Rather than the aloof and very private individualist spurned by conservatives and championed by radicals and environmentalists, Taylor portrays Thoreau as a genuinely engaged political theorist concerned with the moral foundations of public life. Like a solicitous "bachelor uncle" (a self-referential phrase from his journals), Thoreau persistently prodded his fellow citizens to remember that they were responsible for independently evaluating the behavior of their government and political community.

Taylor contends that, far from being confined to a few political essays ("Civil Disobedience," "Slavery in Massachusetts," and "A Plea for Captain John Brown"), Thoreau's political critique was a lifetime project that informed virtually all of his work. Taylor's persuasive study should send readers back to Walden, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, and the 14-volume Journal, among many other writings, for a provocative new look at one of America's most influential writers.
Lucius Polk Brown and Progressive Food and Drug Control
Authors: Wolfe Margaret Ripley
Published: April 2022

Lucius Polk Brown was a professional chemist who became a bureaucrat in the field of public health during the Progressive era, when middle-class reformers first attempted to order American society through integrated systems. In his native state of Tennessee, between 1908 and 1915 Brown created a public health enforcement agency, began educating the masses to public health needs, waged flamboyant campaigns against those who violated the laws, and attracted widespread support for pure food and drug control. Moving on to become director of the Bureau of Food and Drugs in the New York City Department of Health in 1915, he continued his battle for public health reform amidst the maze of government agencies and political power struggles surrounding Tammany Hall.

In Many respects Brown was typical of Progressive reformers. A middle-class, Anglo-Saxon Protestant and a professional, he represented a link between the nineteenth-century agrarian and the twentieth-century urbanite. More importantly, Brown exemplified a new character on the American scene: a scientist out of the agricultural-experiment-station mold entering public life, ready to challenge politicians on their own ground.

This book contains fresh insights on the history of the public health movement in America, one area of reform that has not received the attention it deserves. Except for incidental references, the major figures of food and drug regulation at the local level have been largely ignored by historians. Lucius Polk Brown’s quest for pure food and drugs is representative of what municipal and state officials, as scientific people, encountered when they fought for the passage of new laws, struggled to enforce existing ones, and battled with the politicians, quacks, ignorance that threatened their efforts.

Brown’s diversified career provides a unique opportunity for studying a scientific reformer caught up in the political turmoil of the Progressive era. His experience in government service spanned twelve years and touched on two dissimilar political systems. In focusing on Brown’s struggles, achievements, and failures, Margaret Ripley Wolfe provides a comparative study of state and municipal health administrations, of bureaucratic development in a rural southern state and a northern metropolis. For that reason this book should be of interest to political scientists and public health officials as well as to social historians and students of the Progressive era.
Henry Adams
Authors: Young James P.
Published: April 2022

Henry Adams has been a neglected figure in recent years. The Education of Henry Adams is widely accepted as a classic of American letters, but his other work is little read except by specialists. His brilliant journalism is out of print, while Mont Saint Michel and Chartres and the novels Democracy and Esther receive little attention. Even the monumental History of the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, considered by some to be the greatest history written by any American, seems noticed only by scholars of that period. James P. Young, author of the highly regarded Reconsidering American Liberalism, seeks to revive interest in the thought of Adams by extracting core ideas from his writings concerning both American political development and the course of world history and then showing their relevance to the contemporary longing for a democratic revival. In this revisionist study, Young denies that Adams was a reactionary critic of democracy and instead contends that he was an idealistic, though often disappointed, advocate of representative government. Young focuses on Adams's belief that capitalist industrial development during the Gilded Age had debased American ideals and then turns to a careful study of Adams's famous contrast of the unity of medieval society with the fragmentation of modern technological society. Though fully aware of Adams's concerns about technology, Young rejects the idea that Adams was bitterly opposed to twentieth century developments in that field. He shows that though a liberal democrat with inclinations toward reform, Adams is much too sophisticated to be captured by any simple label.
Leaders of Reform
Authors: La Forte Robert Sherman
Published: April 2022

In Leaders of Reform Robert Sherman La Forte examines the intricacies of shifting factions within the state majority party over a two decade period, from the Boss-Busters and political machines of the early 1900s through the formation of a new party behind Theodore Roosevelt in 1913. He discusses the motives, activities, accomplishments, and failures of the progressive Republicans. He provides excellent vignettes of major leaders such as William Allen White, Arthur Capper, Joseph L. Bristow, and Charles Curtis, as well as lesser-known characters such as Walter Roscoe Stubbs, Edward H. Hoch, and Cy Leland, Jr.

In providing a detailed analysis of virtually all Kansas progressive Republican leaders during the era, La Forte has made a valuable contribution to both state and national political history.
The President as Statesman
Authors: Stid Daniel D.
Published: April 2022

A political scientist who went on to become president, Woodrow Wilson envisioned a "responsible government" in which a strong leader and principled party would integrate the separate executive and legislative powers. His ideal, however, was constantly challenged by political reality. Daniel Stid explores the evolution of Wilson's views on this form of government and his endeavors as a statesman to establish it in the United States. The author looks over Professor and then President Wilson's shoulder as he grappled with the constitutional separation of powers, demonstrating the importance of this effort for American political thought and history.

Although Wilson is generally viewed as an unstinting and effective opponent of the separation of powers, the author reveals an ambivalent statesman who accommodated the Founders' logic. This book challenges both the traditional and revisionist views of Woodrow Wilson by documenting the moderation of his statesmanship and the resilience of the separation of powers. In doing so, it sheds new light on American political development from Wilson's day to our own.

Throughout the twentieth century, political scientists and public officials have called for constitutional changes and political reforms that were originally proposed by Wilson. By reexamining the dilemmas presented by Wilson's program, Stid invites a reconsideration of both the expectations we place on the presidency and the possibilities of leadership in the Founders' system. The President as Statesman contributes significantly to ongoing debates over Wilson's legacy and raises important questions about the nature of presidential leadership at a time when this issue is at the forefront of public consciousness.
Our Limits Transgressed
Authors: Taylor Bob Pepperman
Published: April 2022

Is democracy hazardous to the health of the environment?

Addressing this and related questions, Bob Pepperman Taylor analyzes contemporary environmental political thought in America. He begins with the premise that environmental thinking is necessarily political thinking because environmental problems, both in their cause and effect, are collective problems. They are also problems that signal limits to what the environment can tolerate. Those limits directly challenge orthodox democratic theory, which encourages expanding individual and political freedoms and is predicated on growth and abundance in our society. Balancing the competing needs of the natural world and the polity, Taylor asserts, must become the heart of the environmental debate.

Contemporary environmental thinking derives, according to Taylor, from two well-established traditions in American political thought. The pastoral tradition, which he traces from Thoreau through John Muir to today's deep ecology, biocentrism, and Green movement, appeals to moral lessons that nature can teach us. The progressive tradition—which he traces from Gifford Pinchot to the apostate neo-malthusians (who reject the commitment to democratic equality) and liberal theorists like Roderick Nash, Christopher Stone, and Mark Sagoff—focuses on the role that nature plays in supporting a liberal democratic society. This analysis sidesteps the usual anthropocentric-biocentric formulation of the debate, which tends to center on the most appropriate conception of nature abstractly considered, and reorients the discussion to a consideration of the relationship between our political and environmental values. If we are to stem the thoughtless pillaging of the environment, Taylor contends, that's where the changes must occur.

Any satisfactory resolution of the tension between the garden and the machine must draw upon the best of both the pastoral and progressive traditions, Taylor concludes. The best of pastoralism teaches us that any reform must challenge the human arrogance and crude materialism that permeates much of liberal society.

In addition to Nash, Stone, and Sagoff, Taylor discusses other contemporary thinkers such as Garrett Hardin, Paul Ehrlich, Robert Heilbroner, William Ophuls, Julian Simon, Robert Paehlke, J. Donald Moon, Kirkpatrick Sale, J. Baird Callicott, Holmes Rolston, Paul Taylor, Barry Commoner, and Murray Bookchin.
New Governance for Rural America
Authors: Radin Beryl A. , Agranoff Robert , Bowman Ann O’M. , Buntz C. Gregory , Ott J. Steven , Romzek Barbara S. , Wilson Robert
Published: April 2022

Throughout the 1990s public demand for a fundamental shift in the relationship between government and its citizens has intensified. In response, a "new governance" model has emerged, emphasizing decreased federal control in favor of intergovernmental collaboration and increased involvement of state, local, and private agencies.

As the authors of this volume show, one of the best examples of "new governance" can be found in the National and State Rural Development Councils (NRDC and SRDC), created in 1990 as the result of President Bush's Rural Development Initiative and now called the Rural Development Partnership. This effort was part of a move within policymaking circles to redefine a rural America that was no longer synonymous with family farming and that required innovative new solutions for economic revival. By 1994 twenty-nine states had created and ten other states were in the process of forming such councils.

In this first detailed analysis of the NRDC and SRDCs, the authors examine the successes and failures of the original eight councils in Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, and Washington; as well as eight other councils subsequently created in Iowa, New Mexico, North Carolina, Vermont, New York, North Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming.

Combining empirical analysis with current theories about networks and inter-organizational relations, this volume should appeal to academics and practitioners interested in rural development policy, public administration, public policy and management, and intergovernmental relations.
Psychological symptoms associated with self-reported events of COVID-19 contact, symptoms, or diagnosis: a large community-based survey among adults in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Généreux Mélissa , Landaverde Elsa
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Psychological consequences of COVID-19 contact, symptoms, or diagnosis are being increasingly reported. Few studies have examined the psychological effects tied to these events, using an unaffected comparison group. Most did not consider confounding factors like fear and stigma. This study aims to (1) identify individual characteristics associated with COVID-19 contact/symptoms or diagnosis and (2) examine the independent association between COVID-19 contact/symptoms or diagnosis and psychological symptoms.

Methods

From September 2020 to February 2021, 20,327 adults participated in community-based surveys in Quebec. Using repeated cross-sectional online questionnaire, data were collected on probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression episode (MDE), using the GAD-7 and the PHQ-9 scales, respectively. Self-reported events of (1) contact with a case or symptoms of COVID-19, and (2) diagnosis of COVID-19 were examined, along with several sociodemographic and pandemic-related factors.

Results

COVID-19 contact, symptoms, or diagnosis was more frequent in young adults, healthcare or social services workers, adults living with children, and those reporting a greater sense of threat, stigma, financial losses, or daily stress. COVID-19 contact or symptoms and diagnosis were associated with probable MDE relative to the unaffected group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12–1.39 and aOR:1.82, 95% CI: 1.48–2.2, respectively). Suicidal thoughts and psychomotor retardation were the symptoms most closely associated with a COVID-19 diagnosis.

Conclusion

Results from this study stress the need for better understanding, recognition, and support for people suffering from psychological symptoms following a COVID-19 diagnosis.
Оценка объемов и динамики кредитования физических лиц в ПАО «Банк ВТБ»
Authors: Гончерова Наталья Павловна , Матыцина Наталья Петровна , Попова Светлана Владимировна , Ялоза Виктор Анатольевич
Published: April 2022

Цель: изучить систему, объемы и динамику кредитования физических лиц ПАО «Банк ВТБ». Обсуждение: одной из инфраструктурных основ функционирования рыночной экономики является кредит. Он позволяет обеспечить быстрое перемещение капитала в эффективные сферы бизнеса, ускорить инвестиционные и финансовые циклы запуска работы предприятий и организаций, поддержать дополнительное потребление населением товаров и услуг, при этом обеспечивая экономическое стимулирование в виде дополнительных доходов владельцам временно свободных денежных активов. Результаты: авторами проведена оценка экономических параметров системы кредитования физических лиц ПАО «Банк ВТБ» на основе расчетов доли задолженности физических лиц в общей величине ссудной задолженности, оценка величины и темпов изменения ссудной задолженности физических лиц по отдельным направлениям кредитования и структуры кредитного портфеля.
Cнижение уровня производства и потребления пластмассовых изделий как один из факторов обеспечения экономической безопасности национального проекта «Экология»
Authors: Саркисов Владимир Арамаисович
Published: April 2022

Цель: в статье была рассмотрена проблема реализации федерального проекта «Сохранение озера Байкал» и оценка твердых коммунальных отходов на прибрежных территориях. В процессе анализа были изучены нормативно-правовые базы, независимые отчеты и информационные базы. Обсуждение: в ходе исследования было выявлено, что 80% ТКО на прибрежных территориях являются пластмассовые изделия, ежегодно в России возрастает норма производства пластика и уровень его потребления среди населения. Сформированные результаты позволяют сделать вывод, что осуществляемые меры не позволят достичь экологической безопасности в России к 2024 году. Результаты: с целью эффективного управления утилизации отходов требуется формирования мер направленных на снижение уровня производства, введение дополнительных ограничительных мер на прибрежных территориях и введение культуры использования пластиковых изделий.
[RETRACTED] PHYTOCET REVIEW - DOES PHYTOCET WORK? SEE BEFORE YOU BUY PHYTOCET CBD OIL | PHYTOCET REVIEWS 2022 v1
Authors: Perky Pri-
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

Phytocet by Silver Sparrow is a CBD tincture, made with top quality natural sources. According to the official website, it is made using hemp plant, which means no legal complications are attached with it. The website further says that it has no THC element inside, so this product has no hyperactive or drowsy effects like a cannabis plant.
[RETRACTED] Nano Tech CBD Tincture For Best Relief That 100% Guaranteed! v1
Authors: not provided painmeans
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

Phytocet Pain Relief Oil - THIS IS HOW ORGANIC HEMP WORKS! WITH GUARANTEED
[RETRACTED] Bio Nutra Slim Keto Burn - WARNING 2022! WON’T BELIEVE THIS DIET REPORT! v1
Authors: A H
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

which is responsible for regulating and slowing down the pace of cell division in the body becomes weak and malfunctions.
Depletion of mtDNA with Ethidium Bromide v1
Authors: Hancock-Cerutti William , De Camilli Pietro
Published: April 2022

This protocol describes the depletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from HeLa cells using ethidium bromide (EtBr).
Immunoblotting v1
Authors: Hancock-Cerutti Will , De Camilli Pietro
Published: April 2022

This protocol describes collection of protein from cultured cells and immunoblotting, including immunoblotting of large proteins using a proprietary tris-acetate buffer system.
Generation of Stable STING-GFP cells using retrovirus v1
Authors: Hancock-Cerutti Will , De Camilli Pietro
Published: April 2022

This method describes the generation of HeLa cells stably expressing STING-GFP using retroviral transduction in order to study the localization of STING under different conditions.
[RETRACTED] Glucotrust Customer Reviews: Does Maxiumm Edge Glucotrust Scam Or Real ! v1
Authors: not provided artola
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

(LOWEST PRICE ONLINE) Click Here to Buy GlucoTrust For The Lowest Price Guaranteed
[RETRACTED] Optimum Keto Reviews: SCAM Revealed Warning! Does It Really Work? 100% Safe And NaturaL v1
Authors: Keto Optimum
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

Optimum Keto Reviews: SCAM Revealed Warning! Does It Really Work? 100% Safe And NaturaL
PECULIARITIES OF QUALIFICATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENSES IN THE FIELD OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kidalov Serhii
Published: April 2022

The scientific article examines the content and essence of the legal qualification of administrative offenses, considers their features, for which there is responsibility in the field of waste management in Ukraine. The issue of qualification, in particular of certain types of offenses, issues of qualification of misdemeanors for which liability is provided in the field of waste management in Ukraine is studied. The aim of the work was to determine the features of qualification and study the practice of registration of materials in bringing to administrative responsibility in the field of waste management in Ukraine. In order to obtain the most reliable scientific results in the writing of the work used a number of general and special legal, theoretical and empirical methods of cognition, supplemented by the principles of dialectics. The use of these methods was mostly complex. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the qualifications of administrative offenses in the field of waste management in Ukraine, which consists in the use of general and special scientific methods due to the specifics of the scientific article. The systematic method was used in the study of conceptual and methodological problems of defining the concepts: "qualification of an administrative offense" and "administrative offense". The formal-legal method was used to clarify the content of certain legal concepts. With regard to the results of the study, the article, based on the analysis of scientific views, considers the concepts and features of the qualification of administrative offenses in the field of waste management in Ukraine. It is determined that the qualification of acts as an administrative offense in the field of waste management in Ukraine is a comprehensive analysis of the content of the General and Special Parts of the Code of Administrative Offenses or other articles of administrative tort law thus correlate general and special offenses. Also, a study of administrative and legal qualifications in the field of liability for violations of waste management rules in Ukraine was conducted. Based on the analysis of current legislation and opinions of scientists, it is concluded that the key to the correct application of administrative law in the field of waste management in Ukraine is, first, to fulfill the purpose of administrative penalties in the context of the current Code. In particular, education of a person who has committed an administrative offense in the field of waste management in Ukraine, in the spirit of compliance with the laws of Ukraine, respect for the rules of coexistence and prevention of new offenses by the offender and others. Secondly, observance by bodies (officials) of the rights of persons involved in proceedings on administrative offenses in the field of waste management in Ukraine.
Antiepileptic drugs in treating structural epilepsy of patients with metastatic brain cancer: a combination approach
Authors: Shershever A. S. , Lavrova S. A. , Bentsion D. L. , Makhnev V. V. , Kulakova A. S. , Zafirova M. A. , Sorokova E. V.
Published: April 2022

Objective: to study the effect of perampanel on the dynamics of epileptic seizures and anxiety in patients with brain metastases and epileptic seizures during chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT), and radiochemotherapy  (RCT).

Material and methods. The prospective clinical study included 48 patients with lung cancer and 39 women with breast cancer who underwent removal of primary focus.  After CT, RT or RCT epileptic seizures  were registered.  Brain metastases were revealed at brain magnetic  resonance imaging data. All patients underwent general and neurological examination as well as electroencephalography. The level of anxiety was assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Рatients were prescribed perampanel by the concilium decision.

Results. It was shown that administered perampanel was effective in any primary tumor location. The quantity of repeated epileptic seizures in all patients with lung and breast metastatic cancer was significantly decreased on Day 6–7 after adding perampanel to either earlier received antiepileptic drugs or as a monotherapy (p=0.0431).  In the follow-up period with the median survival rate of 8–13 months, the frequency of epileptic seizures was decreased and then remained stable. Perampanel as mono- or multitherapy positively influenced on controlling anxiety disorders in 25–75% patients with brain metastases.The level of anxiety was decreased due to lowered epileptic activity.

Conclusion. Based on the study results, we could recommend administration of perampanel for the treatment of metastatic brain cancers in patients with diverse primary tumors as well as both partial and generalized epileptic seizures while applying CT, RT, RCT or palliative care.
Epilepsy in Norrie disease
Authors: Aysina V. A. , Kozhevnikova О. V. , Osipova О. V. , Lashkova A. V.
Published: April 2022

The insight into the Norrie disease viewed from neurology perspective and clinical case of refractory epilepsy relevant to the disease are considered. Epilepsy rarely accompanies Norrie disease. The dynamics of changes  in electroencephalograms (EEG) and types of epileptic seizures during the disease progression as well as depending on the therapy received in the clinical case is analyzed. It is relevant for patients with Norrie disease to regularly undergo video-EEG monitoring to detect epileptiform activity, ictal patterns for timely diagnostics of epilepsy followed by prescribing  proper therapy to improve quality of life.
Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography as an additional research method in newborns with seizures
Authors: Koshchavtsev A. G.
Published: April 2022

Objective: to compare the  methods of electroencephalography (EEG) and  amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), related technical features, their clinical application in newborns  at the intensive care unit, as well as a correlation between aEEG and other diagnostic methods (neurological status, neurosonography).

Material and methods. Fifty-two newborns were examined who mainly born at full-term or had an initial degree of prematurity. In 29 infants, seizures were recorded, which were noted 1–5 times. An EEG was performed  within 107.7±32.7 minutes followed by further software aEEG processing.

Results. While analyzing aEEG, significant differences were found among the indices of delta 2 activity denoted as a percentage in premature vs. full-term infants relative to other rhythms. It was shown that prevalence of high-amplitude delta 2 activity throughout entire recording presented as percentage was higher in infants with vs. without seizures.

Conclusion. It was demonstrated that aEEG clarifies and supplements the data obtained with routine EEG, and can be used not only for conducting continuous monitoring of neonatal brain functions, but also as an additional program to a standard EEG study. The method has a great potential for specifying diagnosis and further neonatal neurological support at intensive care units.
Idiopathic and symptomatic forms of genetic epilepsy
Authors: Malov A. G.
Published: April 2022

According to the new classification of the epilepsies proposed in 2017 by The International League Against Epilepsy, idiopathic epilepsies  are recommended to refer  to genetic epilepsy,  suggesting to consider  the term “idiopathic” as outdated. In connection with this, a tendency arose to refer forms of epilepsy previously called “idiopathic” as genetic epilepsy. However, idiopathic  epilepsy  constitutes  just a part among  genetic epilepsies. The other  groups resulting from  this etiology are monogenic  epilepsies  (e.g., Dravet syndrome)  as  well as  symptomatic  epilepsies  due to  other  genetically  determined syndromes (e.g., biotinidase deficiency or neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis). The distinction between the three groups comprising genetic epilepsy is important not only due to difference in related etiology and course, but also because specific treatment in some monogenic forms might be possible. Here, the major  criteria for distinguishing between such epilepsy groups are presented.
Autoimmune epilepsy
Authors: Shilkina О. S. , Kantimirova E. A. , Usoltseva A. A. , Prusova Т. I. , Dmitrenko D. V.
Published: April 2022

Investigation of autoimmune epilepsy (AIE) has been attracting increasingly more attention due to discovery of neuronal antibodies and improved understanding of the mechanisms related to such immune-mediated syndromes. The review is aimed at autoimmune epilepsy taking into account up-to-date advances  in exploring its pathophysiology. Definitions related to this issue are outlined, and pathogenetic mechanisms, features of antineuronal antibodies as well as AIE clinical picture based on type of autoantibodies, are considered. The necessity of regular monitoring patients with AIE is indicated, preferably by an epileptologist  together  with a neuroimmunologist.  With prolonged  follow-up,  chronic  pharmacoresistant  epilepsy persists in some  patients, despite aggressive immunotherapy and antiepileptic drugs. With a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of antibody-mediated and autoantigen-specific T-cell-mediated AIE syndromes, the use of antiepileptic drugs and immunotherapy can be further optimized.
The effect of benign epileptiform discharges of childhood on cognitive function, behavior and speech
Authors: Morozova E. A. , Belousova M. V. , Morozov D. V. , Utkuzova M. A.
Published: April 2022

The article presents a case  report, and a literature review on benign epileptiform  discharges of childhood (BEDC) as well as effect of this type of epileptiform activity on speech, behavior and communication skills are analyzed. The incidence of BEDC comprises 5% in pediatric population.  Examining children with autistic spectrum disorder, BEDC is revealed  in 20% cases, whereas  in those with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder  (ADHD) or speech  disorder  – in 25% and 18% cases, respectively.  Many studies  considering BEDC as  a  genetic marker of  brain immaturity highlighted by  different level of expressiveness and penetrance are discussed. It is highly probable that cognitive and speech disorders as well as ADHD in children with BEDC may be genetically determined. However, pediatric BEDC may be asymptomatic or become  manifested by diverse psychoneurological symptoms accounted for by developed epileptic encephalopathy and continuous spike and waves during slow wave sleep (CSWS)  requiring specialized long-term treatment. Markedly elevated  CSWS with morphological BEDC affects interneuron connections, which, in turn, alters memory consolidation in mesial temporal regions. The literature analysis  revealed  that children  with BEDC-like epileptic activity require obligatory periodic sleep electroencephalographic control  and dynamic  neuropsychological  evaluation due to  high incidence  of speech, mnestic  and behavioral disorders. Seizure-free BEDC-like epileptic activity should be corrected pharmaceutically only in case  of established  causative link with progressive cognitive impairments.
Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers in childhood
Authors: Tadtaeva Z. G. , Galustyan A. N. , Krivdina М. Yu. , Rusanovsky V. V. , Efet E. A. , Krivoshein A. Е. , Kuritsyna N. A. , Gromova О. A.
Published: April 2022

Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged  red fibers (MERRF) is a maternally inherited disease characterized by myoclonic epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia and progressive muscle weakness. Development of the disease is associated with the most common  (90% of cases)  point mutation at position 8344 in the mitochondrial lysine transport RNA gene – MTTLys. The disease diagnostics causes  certain difficulties due to the insufficient awareness of this pathology and polymorphism of clinical manifestations. The article presents a brief review of the literature data on current views on the disease pathogenesis, diagnostic methods and opportunities for drug treatment, and describes a clinical observation of a 7-year-old child with MERRF syndrome caused by a point  mutation  at position 8344  in the MTTLys gene.  The girl was under dynamic  supervision  at the neuropsychiatric department.  A comprehensive clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination was carried out that also included molecular genetic testing. The progredient progression and multiple symptoms of the disease, slightly increased lactate acidosis in the absence of typical neuroimaging and electromyographic changes are of interest in the observation, thereby confirming they might not necessarily be observed in MERRF. Intrafamily clinical diversity was noted in the absence of signs of the disease in paired mother.  A highly informative  method of MERRF diagnostics is provided by molecular genetic testing. Establishing a genetic diagnosis underlies a need for conducting medical and genetic counseling for family planning to prevent the re-birth of other sick siblings inheriting this pathology.
Neurological disorders after hysterectomy: from pathogenesis to clinical manifestations
Authors: Solopova A. G. , Blinov D. V. , Begovich E. , Sandzhieva L. N. , Demyanov S. V. , Demyanov G. V.
Published: April 2022

Hysterectomy currently occupies one of the leading places among obstetric and gynecological surgeries and is one of the highly effective and sometimes the only method of treating various diseases of the female genital organs.  Quite often, however, hysterectomy results not only in the elimination of the cause of disease, but also in the development of complications that reduce the quality of life of patients. More and more attention is being paid to neurological complications, which is obviously due to improved diagnostic capabilities, as well as the results of recent research on the pathogenesis and treatment of neurological disorders. Only recently the scientists have begun to think about the true causes  of one of the most important neurologic complications of hysterectomy, namely chronic postoperative pain.

The review describes in detail the main neurological disorders that develop after hysterectomy: chronic postoperative pain, traumatic neuroma, residual ovarian syndrome  as possible causes of chronic pain, mononeuropathies, sexual and sleep disorders, decreased cognitive and motor functions, lower  urinary tract and bowel dysfunction.  Considerable  attention is given to the mechanisms of neurological complications and the relationship between the surgery and emotional disturbances in women.
Alman Askeri Sosyolojisi: Gelişim, Kurumsallaşma ve Sınırlılıklar
Authors: Kalelioğlu Uğur Berk
Published: April 2022

Almanya'da askeri sosyoloji, İkinci Dünya Savaşı akabindeki çalışmalarda kendisini göstermiş, dünyanın çoğu ülkesinde olduğu gibi, Amerikan sosyoloji modelleri erken dönem Alman Askeri Sosyolojisi’nin temelini oluşturmuştur. Özellikle Janowitz ve Huntington’un çalışmalarının, Alman Askeri Sosyolojisi’ne kayda değer bir etkisi olmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra, Alman Silahlı Kuvvetleri tarafından finanse edilen araştırma merkezleri ve genellikle bir Alman siyasi partisiyle iltisaklı olan ve kamu tarafından finanse edilen vakıflar, belirli dönemlerde askeri sosyolojik araştırmaları yürütmüştür. Bu merkezlerde gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar, acil askeri sorunlara yönelik uygulamalı araştırmalarla sınırlı kalmamış, ordu ve toplum arasındaki ilişki hakkında temel, teori odaklı araştırmalar da gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu makalede, Alman Askeri Sosyolojisi’nin kuruluş saikleri, akademik kurumsallaşma serüveni ve temel metodolojik ve teorik oryantasyonu irdelenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, disiplinin Anglosakson muadiliyle mukayesesi yapılmış, Alman askeri sosyologların gözünden yetersizlikler ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma ile, Türkçe literatürde sayıca az miktarda olan askeri sosyoloji çalışmalarına katkı sunulmak hedeflenmiş, Amerikan Askeri Sosyolojisi yanında Alman Askeri Sosyolojisi’nin Türkiye’deki araştırmalar için bir alternatif sunabileceği değerlendirilmiştir.
The Security Perceptions of Turkish Society towards Syrian Refugees
Authors: Tunca Hakan Ömer
Published: April 2022

Natural causes such as unbalanced distribution of resources, climate change, coupled with man-made causes such as armed conflict, occupation, discrimination, violation of human rights, developed technologies, the demand for a better life, have made human race to experience migration. With the contribution of international actors civil war in Syria after Arab Spring in the Middle East beginning from the early 2011 displaced Syrians internally and internationally. The mass migration of over 3.5 million Syrians distributed across every city of Turkey has affected Turkish society in many areas such as social, economical, political and security in a broader perspective. The main goal of the research is to identify the Turkish security perception caused by the Syrians who remain in Turkey over ten years, in the light of on-going discussions about their permanent or temporary status. Security perceptions are selected and measured with newly developed questionaire. In order to measure these perceptions, the “Most Similar System Design”, which is frequently used in social sciences and allows to make comparison was used. Two Cities with similar socio-economic parameters but different populations of Syrians were chosen suitable for this design. High level of security perception in total and variances were found in both cities.
Analysis of risk factors of developing infections associated with medical care among maternity and newborn babies
Authors: Aliyeva Aminat I. , Ibnumashudova Patimat M. , Shulaev Alexey V. , Mironov Andrey Yu. , Mitrokhin Sergey D. , Suranova Tatyana G.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: In modern conditions of the development of healthcare and humanity as a whole, the prevention of healthcare associated infections is one of the global world problems.
Identification of risk factors for the development of infections associated with the provision of medical care in patients in various types of medical organizations is an integral part of epidemiological surveillance.
To determine the health index of a nation, it is enough to indicate the level of infectious morbidity, in the formation of which healthcare associated infections plays an important role. Currently, the attention of medical workers of various specialties is attracted to this problem: hygienists, health care organizers, microbiologists, epidemiologists, and heads of nursing staff.
AIM of this study was to identify possible risk factors for the development of healthcare associated infections in puerperas and newborns in the perinatal center in Makhachkala.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective, observational, single-center, continuous study was conducted based on the data of birth histories and individual maps of the development of newborns. The main group consisted of 125 puerperas and newborns with signs of HL. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive results of bacteriological examination of puerperas and newborns. The sanitary and hygienic background of the hospital was determined by samples of swabs from the surfaces of equipment, inventory, medical products, underwear and bed linen, dishes, hands of staff and puerperas.
RESULTS: It has been established that possible risk factors for the development of infections associated with the provision of medical care in newborns and maternity hospitals include the carrying of hospital ecovars of microorganisms in workers of all categories; contamination by conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of various surfaces of the hospital environment, equipment, tools, inventory; invasive medical and diagnostic interventions (vascular catheterization, urinary tract, endoscopic studies, transfusions, punctures, injections), artificial lung ventilation, artificial feeding, etc. The multiplicity and duration of procedures are important.
CONCLUSIONS: Strengthening control over the epidemiological safety of medical care using the risk assessment of hospital infections, as well as strengthening microbiological monitoring of circulating strains of topical pathogens are leading in the prevention of infections associated with the provision of medical care.
Epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted infections in children in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Minullin Iskander K. , Bilduk Evgeniya V. , Vafina Guzel G. , Platonova Olga V. , Bogdanova Elena V. , Salyahova Leisan Sh. , Eremeeva Zhanna G. , Iskandarov Ildar R.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections are classified as a group of socially significant diseases, causing infertility, premature birth, congenital pathology, fetal abnormalities, oncological diseases, affecting reproductive health.
AIM: Epidemiological characteristics of the morbidity of children of the Republic of Tatarstan with sexually transmitted infections.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in children in the Republic of Tatarstan was carried out according to statistical form No. 9 Information on STI diseases and infectious skin diseases for 20112020. The data is processed in Microsoft Excel.
RESULTS: In 20112020, there is a statistically significant tendency to decrease the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in children in the Republic of Tatarstan, with the stabilization of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in boys 014 years old. For 20112020 among children with sexually transmitted infections, a large proportion are girls aged 1517 (83%). In the nosological structure of sexually transmitted infections in children aged 017 and 1517 years, including girls, anogenital warts (42; 43; 45; 46%), chlamydia (18; 19; 19; 20%), trichomoniasis (18; 18; 20; 20%); in boys of these ages: gonorrhea (32%; 37%), anogenital warts (31%; 28%), chlamydia (14%; 16%). In children 014 years of age, the structure of sexually transmitted infections includes anogenital warts (38% in all, 34% of girls, 49% of boys), syphilis (21; 17; 32% respectively), trichomoniasis (13% of all, 17% of girls, 3% of boys), gonorrhea (13; 15; 8% respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: The registration of all forms of sexually transmitted infections in children causes socio-epidemiological anxiety and is a reason for a detailed analysis of the epidemiological situation. The study of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections among children and adolescents in different regions, the identification of epidemiological features will provide a more accurate description of the problem and develop recommendations for the prevention of infection in this socially vulnerable population group.
Maternal body estrogen exposure influences the mice offspring ovaries’ morphology
Authors: Sulaymanova Rimma T. , Khayrullin Radik M. , Lebedeva Anna I. , Sulaymanova Luisa I. , Askhabova Eliza D.
Published: April 2022

Background. The question of the effect of female sex hormones and their analogues on humans and experimental animals is of great interest in medicine.
Aim. The aim of the work was to study the morphological features of the ovaries of the offspring of laboratory mice during the administration of estrogens to the maternal body.
Materials and methods. Female laboratory mice after fertilization were divided into groups: two control and two experimental, which at the stage of development of gestation E11.5 underwent intramuscular, single administration of experimental doses of estrogens. The first experimental group was injected with the synthetic drug synestrol in the form of a 2% oil solution at a total dose of 50 mcg / kg (n = 5; S-50), the first control group was injected with olive oil at a dose of 0.2 m/kg (n = 5). The second experimental group was injected with a 0.4 ml 0.0005% fulvestrant oil solution at a dose of 100 mcg/kg (n = 5; F-100), the second control group (n = 5) received sterile castor oil at a dose of 0.8 m/kg.
Results. Persistent morphological changes are observed in the ovaries of the offspring of the first experimental group S-50: an increase in the average area of the cortical substance, a decrease in the area of the medulla, an increase in the average number of yellow bodies, an increase in the average number of luteal cells in the yellow body, a decrease in the total number of follicles and atretic bodies, indicating a violation of the folliculogenesis process, an increase in the average diameter of blood vessels demonstrating increased blood circulation. With the introduction of the drug fulvestrant 100 mcg / kg in the second experimental group F-100, morphological changes in the form of an increase in the average area of the cortical substance, a decrease in the average area of the medulla, sclerosis of the stromal component, accompanied by a restructuring of the vascular network with signs of atresia and cystic degeneration of the follicular epithelium in secondary and tertiary follicles are considered on a slice of the ovaries of the offspring.
Conclusions. The obtained results of the study confirm the urgency of the problem of implementing complex measures aimed at limiting the effects of estrogenetic drugs introduced into the maternal body during pregnancy, in order to prevent adverse effects on the development of the ovaries of offspring.