bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employees of communications institutions of the Tambov Governorate in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries: number, staff, professional mobility
Authors: Strekalova Natalya V. , Shcherbakov Sergey V.
Published: January 2021

The role and importance of information and communication infrastructure in the modern world is growing, which increases the relevance of studying the history of the formation and development of postal, telegraph and telephone communications in Russia, primarily regional features of the social component of this process. Based on interdisciplinary approaches, involving a wide range of historical sources, the work explores the problems of the postal, telegraph and telephone service in the Tambov Governorate in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The issues of the number and staff of employees in communication institutions (post office, telegraph, telephone) of the Tambov Governorate are studied. We reveal the peculiarities and problems of the development of institutions staff of the postal and telegraph department. The problems of professional mobility of postal and telegraph employees are analyzed; the requirements for them, their official duties are described. In the second half of the 19th – early 20th century in the social and economic life of the Russian province, the information and communication component began to play a prominent role, which was reflected in the increase in the number of communica-tion institutions in the Tambov Governorate and employees in them. There were acute issues of human resourcing, first of all, qualified specialists. At the beginning of the 20th century the pro-portion of women who served in the institutions of the postal and telegraph department of the go-vernorate increased.
Pedagogical design in teaching future bachelors of preschool education in the field of organization of artistic and aesthetic development of children
Authors: Druzhinina Anastasia A.
Published: January 2021

We substantiate the relevance of the use of pedagogical design at different levels of education, including preschool, general, and higher education. It is noted that in order to ensure the development of future bachelors’ ability to organize the artistic and aesthetic development of pre-school children, taking into account the principles of pedagogical design, it is necessary to design and implement an educational discipline for bachelors of pedagogical education, the profile “Pre-school Education” – “Method of Artistic and Aesthetic Development of a Preschooler”. For this purpose, modern interpretations of the term “pedagogical design” are analyzed, and the stages of the ADDIE method of pedagogical design are studied. Pedagogical design is defined as the colla-borative process of developing a course using specific learning goals and pedagogical theories to define learning strategies, activities, and assessments to achieve the desired educational outcomes. It is revealed that pedagogical design uses design principles to promote student engagement and includes the development of structures, digital learning objects, and multimedia resources to im-prove the quality of teaching and learning. We disclose the conceptual and analytical stage of the pedagogical design of the course “Methods of Artistic and Aesthetic Development of a Preschoo-ler” taking into account Bloom’s taxonomy and knowledge types by L.W. Anderson and D.R. Krathwohl. The results of the survey of students are presented. It is noted that the use of pe-dagogical design is a promising direction that allows building mixed learning. It is established that the effective format of interaction between the teacher and the student in the framework of mixed learning will be Face-to-face driver, when the teacher gives the main volume of the educational plan in person and uses online training as an auxiliary.
Methodical model of development of grammar skills of students’ speech on the basis of realization of foreign-language Internet projects
Authors: Yuzbasheva Elina G.
Published: January 2021

The educational process undergoes constant change and transformation, which emphasizes the inevitability of changes associated with corresponding transformations in society. Thus, we find more and more evidence that the development of ways to use Internet technologies in the educational process is a continuous occupation, requiring constant research and additions. Model-ing, considered from the point of view of the methods for foreign languages teaching, is regarded by scientists to be the direction of development of this science mainly related to the content of teaching, as well as the sequence of work on the development of material. A methodical model for the development of grammatical skills of students based on realization of foreign-language Internet projects is developed, consisting of an ideological component (the idea of perspective, phasing, potential difference, separation of efforts), an associated analytical and information component consisting of strategic and tactical prerequisites. The model is built on the basis of systemic, competent, communicative, personal-activity and project-modular approaches, which include, along with the principles (phasing, predictability, step-by-step feedback, productivity, security of project activities, development and self-development, Internet ethics and rational tolerance, flexibility, functionality, novelty, feasibility, practical significance, individual responsibility, facilitation, creating the necessary conditions for participants in project activities) and methods (project method, method of problem learning) in the theoretical and methodological component. The hierarchical relationship of the described and updated components of the model is substantiated.
Professionally oriented foreign language teaching of dentist students on a bilingual basis using television discussion
Authors: Glushchenko Oksana A.
Published: January 2021

Competency-based approach prevailing in higher schools requires the use of linguodidactic techniques that allow integrating the study of a foreign language into the process of professional knowledge and skills development. We consider the bilingual aspect of professionally oriented foreign language teaching of future physicians, which is the foothold of language education for non-linguistic training programmes. The aim of the study is to combine these two factors into one methodic strategy that takes into account the peculiarities of teaching students 31.05.03 “Dentistry” programme. We substantiate the passage of duplicate, additive and parity stages of artificial bilingualism of future specialists with the simultaneous development of knowledge in Russian and English and focusing on the components of language competencies necessary for students in this programme. We propose the use of television discussion in its two forms: asynchronous written in the form of a blog and synchronous oral in the form of tandem. Each of them is analyzed, broken down into organizational stages and adjusted to the conditions of teaching dentist students. The stages of training future physician using television discussion are described.
Desigualdades complejas y entrelazadas: una propuesta de tratamiento jurídico-político
Authors: Susín Betrán Raúl
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo defiende que la pluralidad y diversidad de nuestras sociedades hacenecesario pensar formas complejas de tratamiento jurídico-político de la desigualdad.En este sentido, a partir del comentario de una actuación normativa vinculada con el velo islámico integral, que al no compartir lo anterior provoca efectos negativos, este trabajo propone una concepción de la justicia que integre redistribución y reconocimiento, al tiempo que se reivindica la importancia del diálogo y la incorporación de nuevas perspectivas como la interseccionalidad.
El derecho fundamental a una sociedad libre de corrupción: una contribución desde Latinoamérica
Authors: Fonseca Luján Roberto Carlos
Published: January 2021

Dentro de los trabajos del enfoque basado en derechos humanos sobre la corrupción, la posición más adelantada ha propuesto la existencia de un derecho humano a una sociedad libre de corrupción. La cuestión sobre este nuevo derecho continúa abierta; su existencia no se ha rebatido con solidez, ni se ha fundamentado de manera satisfactoria. El artículo se dirige a esta cuestión. Tras revisar el estado de la discusión sobre los vínculos entre derechos humanos y corrupción, se aportan razones en favor del reconocimiento de este derecho. Asimismo, se comenta la contribución del constitucionalismo latinoamericano reciente al tema, que ya ha consagrado en algún caso a la libertad frente a la corrupción como derecho fundamental.
Los delitos contra la libertad sexual de menores cometidos por miembros de confesiones religiosas
Authors: Santamaría Lambás Fernando
Published: January 2021

Estudiamos la responsabilidad que surge de la comisión de delitos contra la libertad sexual, en especial de menores, por miembros de Confesiones religiosas, tanto en el ordenamiento del Estado como en el ordenamiento confesional –centrándonos en el canónico–, que es el que tiene un marco jurídico completamente definido, poniendo de manifiesto los límites a la autonomía de las confesiones religiosas a la hora de poder llegar a depurar las responsabilidades, tanto canónicas, como seculares, por los actos ilícitos cometidos por los clérigos o similares, de modo que se impida que esa autonomía de las confesiones religiosas se pervierta y se constituya en un obstáculo al castigo de los culpables. Para ello es necesario profundizar en la colaboración entre los ordenamientos seculares y los confesionales.
Influence of barrier-free urban environment on professional socialization of persons with limited health opportunities (example of Perm City)
Authors:   St Petersburg University, Rylov D.A. , Duvanskaya M.K. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: January 2021

Examined is the problem of professional socialization of persons with disabilities in a barrier-free urban space. Detailed definitions are given to such concepts, as socialization, professional socialization, disabled person, barrier-free urban environment. Principal factors of professional socialization of persons with disabilities are highlighted. The main concepts reflecting the impact of barrier-free urban space on professional socialization of people with disabilities are analyzed. Presented and analyzed are results of the study, conducted in the city of Perm in order to consider social aspects of professional socialization of persons with disabilities in a barrier-free urban environment, as well as factors affecting them.
Características epidemiológicas de Casos de ofidismo registrados en el Perú durante el período 2010-2019
Authors: Herrada Gabriela , León Daphne , Cabanillas Oswaldo
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue describir la distribución epidemiológica, espacial y temporal de casos de ofidismo registrados en el Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades (CDC-PERÚ) en el periodo 2010 – 2019. Para ello se desarrolló un estudio observacional descriptivo, que utilizó la información de casos notificados de ofidismo a nivel nacional, registrados en la Sala Virtual de Situación de Salud, CDC – Perú, para el periodo de estudio. Se obtuvo información de las variables: región, año de ocurrencia, semana epidemiológica expresada en cuartiles e intervalos de cuatro meses, grupo etario y sexo del accidentado. Se diseñó una base de datos con la información obtenida, la que se resumió mediante estadística descriptiva. La asociación entre las variables de agrupación se realizó mediante la prueba de Ji Cuadrado. Se recolectó información de 22 564 notificaciones de ofidismo. Los departamentos que registraron la mayor frecuencia de casos durante el periodo en estudio fueron Loreto (28,4%), San Martín (19,7%) y Ucayali (13,3%), que en conjunto sumaron el 61,4% del total de las notificaciones. Los accidentes en varones (65,5%) fueron más frecuentes que en mujeres (34,5%). Según estrato etario, los adultos entre 30-59 y 18-29 años sumaron un 64,7 % del total de casos reportados. En la primera mitad del año, que incorpora el primer (semana 1 a 13) y segundo (semana 14 a 26) cuartil, se presentaron la mayoría de casos (30,7 y 27,4%, respectivamente), que corresponde al 58.8%. La presencia sostenida de casos de ofidismo en el tiempo exige acentuar las medidas de prevención durante todo el año, especialmente en las zonas donde su presencia fue mayor.
A Theoretical Model on Caring for Mothers With Initial Breastfeeding Difficulties: The Breastfeeding Story as a Hub for Caring Practice
Authors: Palmér Lina , Gustafsson Ida
Published: January 2021

In the context of breastfeeding care, models are lacking that can guide caring practice. This article examines the prerequisites for care to be caring, based on research about breastfeeding difficulties. These prerequisites are presented as a theoretical model of caring that demonstrates that a genuine caring relationship, embodied wisdom, and an ability to create a space for dwelling, together with cultural awareness, form the prerequisites for the breastfeeding story to be a hub in caring practice. The model contributes to the development of caring practices that embrace the existentiality of each woman's breastfeeding experiences.
CONTRIBUTION OF EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS TO JOURNAL’S SCHOLARLY OUTPUT
Authors: Gureyev V. N. , Mazov N. A. , Ilicheva I. Yu.
Published: January 2021

Editorial board members (EBMs) of academic journals have been frequently studied for better understanding the principles of their functioning, impact on editorial policy, publication ethics, and entire scientific progress. One of the promising trends is to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of EBMs to the scholarly output of parent journals. This paper represents the results of the study on publication activity of editorial board members of the Russian Library and Information Science journals. To detect a share of papers by EBMs in the journal’s scholarly output, we studied a share of EBMs papers in parent journals and other sources. Generally, we detected the active participation of EBMs in increasing scholarly output of parent journals. We also studied the publication activity of foreign members of EBMs in Russian journals that turned out to bedramatically low. Formal involvement of foreign researchers to enhance the level of journal’s internationalization may explain this situation. It is shown, that the fact of publication fails to significantly impact on journal’s ranking positions. The scientific quality of EBMs papers has proved to be of higher value: in case of high quality of EBMs papers, the number of readers and citations start to increase. On the other hand, uncited papers by EBMs have the lowest or even negative effect on the journal’s rank. The findings can be of interest to editors-in-chief and founders of academic journals.
Hybridizing Neural Network with Multi-Verse, Black Hole, and Shuffled Complex Evolution Optimizer Algorithms Predicting the Dissolved Oxygen
Authors: Moayedi Hossein , Mosavi Amir
Published: January 2021

The great importance of estimating dissolved oxygen (DO) dictates utilizing proper evaluative models. In this work, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) network is trained by three capable metaheuristic algorithms, namely multi-verse optimizer (MVO), black hole algorithm (BHA), and shuffled complex evolution (SCE) for predicting the DO using the data of the Klamath River Station, Oregon, US. The records (DO, water temperature, pH, and specific conductance) belonging to the water years 2015 - 2018 (USGS) are used for pattern analysis. The results of this process showed that all three hybrid models could properly infer the DO behavior. However, the BHA and SCE accomplished this task by simpler configurations. Next, the generalization ability of the developed patterns is tested using the data of the 2019 water year. Referring to the calculated mean absolute errors of 1.0161, 1.1997, and 1.0122, as well as Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.8741, 0.8453, and 0.8775, the MLPs trained by the MVO and SCE perform better than the BHA. Therefore, these two hybrids (i.e., the MLP-MVO and MLP-SCE) can be satisfactorily used for future applications.
Summarize of the Available Molecular Methods for Detection of Sars-Cov-2 During the Ongoing Pandemic
Authors: Arena Fabio , Pollini Simona , Rossolini Gian Maria , Margaglione Maurizio
Published: January 2021

Starting from early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a morbidity and mortality excess worldwide. Containment strategies rely firstly on rapid and sensitive laboratory diagnosis with molecular detection of the viral genome in respiratory samples being the gold standard. Reliability of diagnostic protocols could be affected by SARS-CoV-2 genetic variability. In fact, mutations occurring during SARS-CoV-2 genomic evolution can involve the regions targeted by the diagnostic probes. Following a review of the literature and an in silico analysis of the most recently described virus variants (including the UK B 1.1.7 and the South Africa 501Y.V2 variants), we conclude that the described genetic variability should have minimal or no effect on the sensitivity of existing diagnostic protocols for SARS-CoV-2 genome detection. However, given the continuous emergence of new variants, the situation should be monitored in the future, and protocols including multiple targets should be preferred.
The Current Agri-Food DilemmA: If the City Proposes, Does the Farmland Provide It?
Authors: Grillotti Di Giacomo Maria Gemma , De Felice Pierluigi
Published: January 2021

: For decades the city has created food models by requiring the countryside to meet the growing demand with increasingly more homologated crop reconversions and increasingly vast and competitive farms. The current acceleration of the land concentration process and the dramatic experience of the COVID 19 pandemic have, however, forced us to redefine the city-country relationship, which has been called into question for some years now in various FAO and EU documents. Based on the GECOAGRI-LANDITALY survey itinerary, a proven tool for reading local peculiarities, the AAs show how easy it is to recognize which farmlands can best fulfil the role of guaranteeing food safety and protecting the quality and typicality of traditional foods. The final proposal is to start a new agri-food policy that no longer starts from the demand formulated by the city but, reversing the direction of the old relationship, it starts from the availability of products offered by the countryside to re-educate consumption and promote the sustainability of agricultural practices.
A Cartographic Cum Site-Effectuated Review of Greater Shillong Region of Northeast India
Authors: Biswas Rajib , Boruah S.
Published: January 2021

The cartographic cum site-effectuated view of Shillong region of northeast India is presented here. Starting from the existing tectonics, the prevalent geological settings of the study area is comprehensively delineated. The seismic prone area is further overviewed in the context of site effects with accompaniment of available borehole information. The resonance frequency estimates form ambient noise survey along with receiver functions are outlined which implicates a heterogeneous subsurface. This further helps in segregating the region into two compelling profiles, thereby enabling us to get a deeper insight in the probable subsurface as well as heterogeneity. Eventually, the influence of topography over strata was also highlighted and interpreted as well.
Jeans instability of the protoplanetary circumstellar disk taking into account the magnetic field and radiation in the nonextensive Tsallis kinetics
Authors: Kolesnichenko Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: January 2021

Within the framework of the Tsallis non-extensive statistics, a derivation of the Jeans gravitational instability criteria is given for a self-gravitating protoplanetary disk, the substance of which consists of a mixture of a conducting ideal q-gas and modified radiation of a photon gas. The instability criteria are derived from the corresponding dispersion relations written for both neutral disk matter and magnetized plasma with modified blackbody radiation. The thermodynamics of a photon gas is constructed based on the nonextensive quantum entropy Tsallis, which depends on the deformation parameter. It is shown that blackbody radiation can stabilize the state of a nonextensive medium for a purely gaseous disk, and for an electrically conducting disk, the Jeans instability criterion is modified by a magnetic field and radiation pressure only in the transverse regime of propagation of the disturbance wave.
Optimization of therapy in children with mild bronchial asthma to improve the disease control during seasonal acute respiratory infections
Authors:   I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kamaev A.V. , Trusova O.V. ,   I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kamaeva I.A. ,   I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Lyashenko N.L. ,   I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Background. Children with mild bronchial asthma (BA) are prone to poor control of symptoms during seasonal acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Objective. To optimize therapy in children with mild BA to improve disease control during seasonal ARIs. Patients and methods. This single-blind placebo-controlled prospective single-center trial evaluating the efficacy of ammonium glycyrrhizinate (Reglisam, ‘VIFITECH,’ Russia) and lasting 4 months included 63 children with mild BA (21 in the placebo group) aged 5 to 10 years with a disease duration of at least 3 months. We assessed respiratory function, FeNO level, results of the asthma control test, characteristics of BA exacerbations, and the need for betamimetics and budesonide via a nebulizer. We used the Student's t-test and Wilcoxon test to evaluate the differences in mean and median values; the differences were considered significant at р < 0.05. Results. The frequency and mean duration of ARIs were lower in the group of active therapy (1.06 ± 0.35 episodes and 6.52 ± 2.19 days) than in the placebo group (1.77 ± 0.26 episodes and 10.83 ± 3.07 days). The differences were statistically significant (р = 0.036 and р = 0.019, respectively). Patients receiving placebo required longer budesonide administration per one BA exacerbation: 11.72 ± 1.98 days vs 8.65 ± 2.17 days in patients receiving active therapy (р = 0.026). Significant differences in the respiratory function and FeNO level were observed only in the subgroup of patients who had incomplete asthma control upon enrollment. We observed no new adverse events that had not been reported earlier. Conclusion. Our findings suggest high efficacy of ammonium glycyrrhizinate used to enhance basic therapy for mild BA in children, in whom respiratory infections are the most common triggers of BA exacerbations. Key words: ammonium glycyrrhizinate, basic therapy, children, mild bronchial asthma, acute respiratory infections (ARIs)
The Application of Criminal Sanctions on the Distribution of Alcoholic Drinks
Authors: Budiman Haris , Nurlaela Ela , Rahmat Diding , Akhmaddhian Suwari
Published: January 2021

This study aims to investigate the criminal sanctions on the distribution of alcoholic drinks as well as its application based on Regional Regulation. This case study was conducted in Kuningan District by applying juridical empirical research method. The results showed that Kuningan District has Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2014 concerning Supervision and Control of Alcoholic Drinks. This Regional Regulation regulates the distribution and sale of alcoholic drinks which are classified into 3 (three) groups, namely group A, group B, and group C. These three groups of alcoholic drinks can only be sold in star hotels with the Regent’s permission. Law enforcement in the application of criminal sanctions on the distribution of alcoholic drinks is carried out by holding raids in collaboration with related parties which are then followed up by carrying out investigation, search, and confiscation of alcoholic drinks. The sanctions imposed are in the form of imprisonment and/or fines.
Juridical Analysis of the Amendment of Law of the Corruption Eradication Commission in Eradicating Corruption from Legal and Economic Perspective
Authors: Siregar Hulman
Published: January 2021

In this case, the efforts to eradicate corruption by law enforcement officials, prosecutors of the Republic of Indonesia, and Indonesian police, have not been significant. To make the eradication of corruption useful corresponding to the mandate of law, then the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) was formed; this institution is known as the super body institution. The method used in this research is combining normative juridical methods with empirical facts to analyze the effectiveness of corruption eradication in legislation. Over time, the role of the KPK in eradicating corruption received intense attention from the public, both pro, and contra. The legislature wants to revitalize the implementation of the KPK's duties with several considerations, to prioritize prevention efforts through the revision of Law Number 19 of 2019 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission

 

 
Evaluasi pelatihan peningkatan kompetensi TIK Pustekkom untuk guru di Papua dan Papua Barat
Authors: Defrian Putut Wasitto
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk evaluasi pelatihan berdasarkan dari komponen e-learning yaitu resource support issue dan evaluation issue dari pelatihan peningkatan kompetensi TIK yang diadakan oleh PUSTEKKOM.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi dengan menggunakan model evaluasi sumatif dan hal yang dievaluasi mengacu dengan komponen e-learning yang dikemukakan oleh Badrul Khan. evaluasi ini dilakukan atas dasar menelaah laporan pelaksanaan pelatihan yang mana didapati berbagai macam masalah ketika pelaksanaan pelatihan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebar kuesioner, wawancara dan observasi non partisipan.

Hasil dari pelatihan ini menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua peserta merasa layanan yang diberikan oleh pustekkom sudah baik, dan sistem evaluasi yang dilakukan sudah cukup baik.

Kata kunci : Evaluasi, Evaluasi pelatihan, e-learning, Badrul Khan, Evaluasi peningkatan kompetensi TIK PUSTEKKOM
Development of Learning Media Based on Autoplay Chemistry to Improve Students’ Communicative Characters on Chemistry
Authors: Erna Maria , Irfandi Irfandi , Rasmiwetti Rasmiwetti
Published: January 2021

The implementation of learning media based on ICT (Information and Communication Technology) on chemistry was found to be very low. For this reason, ICT-based chemistry learning media which utilized autoplay application were developed in this research. The validated product of the learning media based by autoplay on chemistry can be implemented as a learning medium to improve students' communicative character. This research was designed by using the Plomp model in the form of Research and Development (R&D). Data of this research were collected by validation sheets, questionnaire responses (teachers and students), and communicative observation sheets with descriptive statistical analyses and independent sample t test. The validity results showed that the average percentage from media expert and material expert judgment were 88.25% and 91.69% with a category of valid. Moreover, the results of the response of teachers and students respectively obtained an average percentage score of 85% and 81% with a category of very interesting. Then, the results of the independent sample t test for 0,000 <0.05 indicated that there were significant differences in the communicative character of students before and after the use of learning media based on autoplay on chemistry with a percentage of 72.25%.
MENGARANG SYAIR-SYAIR ARAB MELALUI KEBIASAAN MENULIS SISWA DALAM KAJIAN ARUDH WAL QOWAFI
Authors: Nasir Amin , Huda Miftahul
Published: January 2021

Abstrak

Tulisan ini melihat syair-syair Arab melalui kebiasaan menulis siswa. Melalui kajian arudh wal qowafi atas karya, bentuk dan isi puisi Arab, tulisan ini berkesimpulan bahwa puisi Arab, sebagai kreatifitas dan memukau bakat minat dalam tradisi penulisan syair-syair Arab, nyaris tidak mengalami perkembangan jika siswa tidak kreatif untuk membuat mengolah dan kreatif dalam penulisan yang indah. Hanya saja, pada awalnya siswa memang merasa berat untuk melakukan tantangan dan usaha yang maksimal dalam belajar akan tetapi setelah lama berkecimpung siswa menjadi tertarik dan semnagat untuk mengarang dalam bentuk menerjemah dan mengarang bebas lebih dikenal dalam dinamika menulis siswa dalam menulis syair-syair Arab, Ashr al-Nahdlah,kesadaran internal atas absennya kreativitas dalam puisi Arab dan stimulan eksternal akibat interaksi guru dengan siswa telah melahirkan benih-benih syair-syair Arab yang kreatif dan mengasikkan. Paling tidak, Kebiasaan menulis bagi siswa yang kratif. Kemunculan tradisi puisi Arab modern ini disertai dengan tiga pola umum, yaitu pengaruh pola syair-syair yang terkandung dari kebiasaan yang lebih maju, pola eskapisme, dan pencarian identitas diri.Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian lapangan, pendekatannya menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dan bersifat deskriptif. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan metode analisis datanya yaitu dengan reduksi data, menyajikannya serta mengambil kesimpulan. Dan untuk analisis kevalidan datanya dengan perpanjangan pengamatan, meningkatkan ketekunan, triangulasi, referensi, dan member check.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran ilmu arudh Roudhotul Mubtadiin BaleKambang Gemiring Nalumsari Jepara berjalan efektif, hal itu disebabkan guru menggunaan metode taqlidiyyah atau metode deduktif dalam proses pembelajarannya. Kitab  bantu yang digunakan Tashiilut Thullab yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran ilmu arudh di Roudhotul Mubtadiin Balai Kambang Gemiring Nalumsari Jepara memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan, kelebihannya ialah penulisannya dengan bahasa jawa serta dilengkapi rumus-rumus. Sedangkan kekurangannya adalah masih ada sebagian keterangan yang tulisan dengan bahasa arab yang sulit difaham, serta tidak semua pilihan kata disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan zihaf dan ilal maka masih dalam penjabaran yang kurang pas.

Kata kunci: Syair-Syair Arab, Kebiasaan Menulis Siswa, Kajian Arudh Wal Qowafi
Long-term life history predicts current elderly gut microbiome
Authors: Raes Jeroen , Si Jiyeon , Gregory Ann , Vázquez-Castellanos Jorge , Decommer Lindsey , Rymenans Leen , Proost Sebastian , Weger Martin , Notdurfter Marlene , Leitner Christoph , Santer Peter , Rungger Gregorio , Willeit Johann , Willeit Peter , Pechlaner Raimund , Grabherr Felix , Kiechl Stefan , Tilg Herbert
Published: January 2021

Extensive scientific and clinical microbiome studies have explored contemporary variation and dynamics of the gut microbiome in human health and disease1–4, yet the role of long-term life-history effects is underinvestigated. Here, we analyzed the current microbiome composition in the elderly Bruneck Study cohort (n = 304; age 65–98) with extensive clinical, demographic, lifestyle, and nutritional data collected over the past 26 years. Combined analysis with the Flemish Gut Flora Project cohort (FGFP; n = 2,215; age 18–85) showed community richness increasing during aging linked to increased observation of low-abundance bacteria. Multivariate analysis of historical variables indicated that medication history, historical physical activity, past dietary habits, and specific past laboratory parameters explain a significant fraction of current elderly quantitative microbiome variation, enlarging the explanatory power of contemporary covariates by 33.4%. Prediction of current enterotype by past host variables revealed good levels of predictability (AUC > 0.7) for the Prevotella and dysbiotic Bacteroides 2 enterotypes with information from up to 15 years past. These findings demonstrate long-term life history effects on the microbiota and provide first insights into lifestyle variables and their role in maintaining a healthy gut microbiota in later life.
Neural stem cells restore cognitive function in Parkinsonian macaques
Authors: Vezoli Julien , Wianny Florence , Dzahini Kwamivi , Fifel Karim , Wilson Charles , Bernat Agnieszka , Dolmazon Virginie , Misery Pierre , Lamy Camille , Cooper Howard , Procyk Emmanuel , Kennedy Henry , Savatier Pierre , Dehay Colette
Published: January 2021

Cognitive deficits as well as disorders of sleep and biological rhythms constitute non-motor symptoms that significantly impact quality of life in Parkinson’s disease patients. Few studies have evaluated the impact of cell replacement therapy on such non-motor symptoms. Here we used a multidisciplinary approach to assess the therapeutic potential of bilateral grafts of neural stem cells in a macaque model of Parkinson’s disease on both motor and non-motor markers of functional recovery. Grafts led to varying degrees of functional recovery while sham experiments did not. We show unprecedented recovery from cognitive symptoms in addition to a clear clinical motor recuperation. Motor and cognitive recovery but not circadian rhythm recovery correlated with the degree of graft integration into the host environment and with in-vivo levels of striatal dopaminergic transporters and function. This study provides empirical evidence that neural stem cells transplantation efficiently restore function at multiple levels in Parkinsonian non-human primates. We demonstrate the promising potential of multiple-sites neural stem cells grafts for Parkinson’s disease but furthermore underline the crucial importance of such multidisciplinary approaches for an effective clinical translation.
Evaluation of Selected Nigerian Medicinal Plants for Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activities
Authors: Oguntimehin Samuel , Ajaiyeoba Edith , Ogbole Omonike , Dada-Adegbola Hannah , Oluremi Bosede , Adeniji Adekunle
Published: January 2021

Background: Increased exposure to pathogens and free radicals contributed to the high incidence and mortality rate of various cancers in Nigeria and globally. Promotion of scientific research on medicinal plants in collaboration with traditional health practitioners to validate claims made on safety, efficacy and quality of traditional medicinal plants in the treatment of cancer is imperative. This study aims at screening extracts of selected Nigerian medicinal plants used traditionally for cancer treatment for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities towards identification of potential source of new anticancer agents.Methods: Twenty-one extracts from sixteen medicinal plants species were screened for their cytotoxicity on RD, HeLa and Hep-2 cancer cell lines using MTT assay. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts as well as their Total Phenolic Content (TPC) were evaluated. The extracts were also evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using spectrophotometric growth inhibition method. Results: Extracts of Tetrapleura tetrapleura and Xylopia aethiopica showed high DPPH inhibitory activity and phenolic content. Extracts of X. aethiopica and Anchomanes difformis showed broad spectrum of antibacterial activities while root extracts of Crotolaria retusa and T. tetraptera exhibited antifungal activities comparable (P<0.05) to Ketoconazole. Extracts of Capcicum frutescens, Aspilia africana, X. aethiopica, T. tetraptera and C. retusa showed broad spectrum of cytotoxic activities.Conclusions: Extracts of T. tetraptera and X. aethiopica demonstrated satisfactory activities in all the biological tests which could be linked to their high phenolic contents. The findings support the ethno-medicinal uses of most of the tested medicinal plants.
Protagonists and spectators during photocatalytic solar water splitting with SrTaOxNy oxynitride
Authors: Lawley Craig , Tehrani Zahra Pourmand , Clark Adam , Safonova Olga , Doebeli Max , Strocov Vladimir , Schmidt Thomas , Lippert Thomas , Nachtegaal Maarten , Pergolesi Daniele
Published: January 2021

Oxynitrides have been shown to be promising visible light water splitting photocatalysts, but rapidly degrade under operating conditions. With a custom designed photoelectrochemical cell, we perform operando grazing incidence X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements on the oxynitride semiconductor SrTaOxNy during photocatalytic solar water splitting. We show that the nature of the A-site (Sr) and its evolution during operation, have large impacts on the overall stability and catalytic acitivity of the material, leading to an enriched BO2 (Ta(OH)/TaO(OH)) like surface. However, this usually beneficial effect with respect to increased surface hydrophilicity has complications for the efficiency of the photocatalytic process, as the OH and O(OH) intermediates formed are in competition between O2 generation and NOx species formation in the initial stages of operation. Operando characterisation of the evolution of the electronic structure of the photocatalyst proves to be an invaluable tool for the rational design and discovery of new and better performing materials.
The Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Antenatal Depression Among All Pregnant Women Attending the Obstetrics Clinic for the First Time in A Comprehensive Teaching Hospital
Authors: Guo Jiamei , Zheng Anhai , He jinglan , Ai Ming , Gan Yao , zhang Qi , Chen Lulu , Liang Sisi , Yu Xiaoyu , Kuang Li
Published: January 2021

Background: Antenatal depression is one of the most common complications among women. However, few policy-related studies have examined this problem. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for antenatal depression among all pregnant women first attending the obstetrics clinic in a comprehensive teaching hospital.Methods: From June to December 2019, 5780 pregnant women completed online mental health questionnaires, and data from 5728 of the women were analyzed. The women were categorized into two groups according to the presence or absence of depression. Depression was assessed by the PHQ-9, and the cutoff point for depression was 10. Anxiety and somatic symptoms were measured by the GAD-7 and PHQ-15, respectively. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association among antenatal depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms and participants’ characteristics.Results: The prevalence of antenatal depression was 16.3%. Having a low level of education (P=0.012), being a rural resident (P=0.008), having an early pregnancy (P＜0.0001), having a higher GAD-7 score (P＜0.0001) and having a higher PHQ-15 score (P＜0.0001) were risk factors for antenatal depression among women.Conclusions: One in six women was depressed throughout the pregnancy. Online mental health assessment is an effective and convenient screening method that should be widely used for pregnant women in obstetric clinics, and special attention should be paid to some risk factors (i.e., early pregnancy, anxiety symptoms, somatic symptoms, low levels of education, rural residence).
Identifying Potential Prognostic Biomarkers Associated With Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Huang Shaojie , Yao Jia , Lai Xiaofan , Yang Lu , Ye Fang , Huang Wenqi , Xie Yubin , Wang Zhongxing
Published: January 2021

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms of HCC remain largely unknown so far. Methods: To unravel the underlying carcinogenic mechanisms, we utilized Robust Rank Aggregation analysis (RRA) to identify a set of overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 5 microarray datasets on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Enriched Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of DEGs were conducted. The protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and Cytoscape V3.8.0 was used for selecting hub genes. The expression of hub genes was validated in TCGA datasets and HCC samples in our center by qPCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: Totally 126 DEGs were identified. GO and KEGG pathways of DEGs mostly associated with “organelle fission”, “nuclear division” and “caffeine metabolism. Ten hub genes (BUB1B, CDKN3, CCNB1, CCNB2, CDK1, TOP2A, CDC20, MELK, NUSAP1, AURKA) were selected. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) analysis suggested the good value of these genes for HCC diagnosis and prognosis. These genes were upregulated in HCC samples from TCGA, which were associated with higher tumor grades and possibly resulted from hypomethylation. Moreover, these hub genes were markedly dysregulated in HCC samples in our center and significantly associated with clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC patients. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study identified several hub genes as novel candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC, which may provide new insight into HCC pathogenesis in order to search for better treatments.
Switching off microcavity polariton condensate near the exceptional point
Authors: Li Yao , Ma Xuekai , Hatzopoulos Zacharias , Savvidis Pavlos , Schumacher Stefan , Gao Tingge
Published: January 2021

Gain and loss modulation are ubiquitous in nature. An exceptional point arises when both the eigenvectors and eigenvalues coalesce, which in a physical system can be achieved by engineering the gain and loss coefficients, leading to a wide variety of counter-intuitive phenomena. In this work we demonstrate the existence of an exceptional point in an exciton polariton condensate in a double-well potential. Remarkably, near the exceptional point, the polariton condensate localized in one potential well can be switched off by an additional optical excitation in the other well with very low (far below threshold) laser power which surprisingly induces additional loss into the system. Increasing the power of the additional laser leads to a situation in which gain dominates in both wells again, such that the polaritons re-condense with almost the same density in the two potential wells. Our results offer a simple way to optically manipulate the polariton condensation process in a double-well potential structure. Extending such configuration to complex potential well lattices offers exciting prospects to explore high-order exceptional points and non-Hermitian topological photonics in a non-equilibrium many-body system.
Interrupted Time-Series for the Evaluation of Affordable Care Act Impact on Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Brain Metastases
Authors: Beydoun Hind , Huang Shuyan , Beydoun May , Eid Shaker , Zonderman Alan
Published: January 2021

Background: The 2010 Affordable Care Act aimed at reducing healthcare costs, improving healthcare quality and expanding health insurance coverage among uninsured individuals in the United States. We examined trends in utilization of radiation therapies and stereotactic radiosurgery before and after its implementation among U.S. adults hospitalized with brain metastasis.Methods: Interrupted time-series analyses of data on 383934 2005-2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample hospitalizations were performed, whereby yearly and quarterly cross-sectional data were evaluated and Affordable Care Act implementation was considered the main exposure variable, stratifying by patient and hospital characteristics. Results: We observed consistently declining trends in radiation therapy over time and post-Affordable Care Act status with variability in level of utilization among specific sub-groups. Stereotactic radiosurgery prevalence increased over time among Hispanics, elective admissions, Midwestern hospitals, non-teaching hospitals and hospitals with medium bed size. Post-Affordable Care Act was associated with increased stereotactic radiosurgery prevalence among African-Americans, non-elective and weekend admissions, with changes in slope in the context of weekend admissions and hospitals with large bed size. Conclusions: Whereas hospitalized adults in the United States utilized less radiation therapy and slightly more stereotactic radiosurgery over the ten-year period, utilization levels and trends were not consistent among distinct sub-groups defined by patient and hospital characteristics, with some traditionally underserved populations more likely to receive healthcare services post-Affordable Care Act implementation. The Affordable Care Act may be helpful at reducing the need for radiation therapy and closing the gap in access to technological advances such as stereotactic radiosurgery for treating brain metastases.
A Prognostic Model Based on TMB-Related Lncrnas Predicts Outcome of Liver Cancer Patients
Authors: Wang Yao , Tan Chaisheng , Qian Yeben
Published: January 2021

TMB-related lncrnas and their clinical significance in liver cancer have not been explored.Combining the expression levels of these lncrnas, somatic mutation files and clinical information in patients with liver cancer,we identified 514 lncrnas that are closely related to TMB.Based on these lncrnas, a TMB-derived lncRNA Signature (TMBLncSig) was established. TMBLncSig categorized the patients into high-risk group and low-risk group. There was a significant difference in the prognosis of the patients between the two groups, which was further verified in the independent test set.TMBLncSig is associated with TMB level in liver cancer patients and has the potential to be used as a TMB level measurement tool. In summary this st provide new thought for further study on the role of lncRNA in the difference of TMB level in liver cancer patients.
Facile Fabrication of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Sensors by Laser Direct Transfer
Authors: Bonciu Anca , Filipescu Mihaela , Voicu Stefan , Lippert Thomas , Palla-Papavlu Alexandra
Published: January 2021

This paper describes a rapid, solvent-free laser based procedure for the fabrication of reproducible sensitive sensors based on hybrid nanocomposites, i.e. single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) decorated with tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NP) that overcomes challenges associated with solvent-assisted chemical functionalization and integration of these materials into devices.
The gas response of the LIFT-ed SWCNT: SnO2 sensors has been evaluated at room temperature and an enhanced 2 fold response to ammonia as compared to the SWCNT sensors is demonstrated. Spontaneous and full recovery of the hybrid nanocomposite signal after exposure to NH3 is achieved without any post treatment. The theoretical detection limit of the LIFT-ed SWCNT: SnO2 sensors at room temperature is calculated to be 0.59 ppb. These results indicate that LIFT is an excellent technique which shows great promise towards advancing future developments in the field of chemical sensors.