bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National and Cultural Identity in Iraq in the Face of the Formation of the New Order in the Middle East. Philosophical Reflection and the Political Reality
Authors: Warsza Paulina Jagoda
Published: January 2019

After Arab Spring many hopes were dashed. However historical change must be happening now in the area of social awareness. The rise of ex­tremism limits awareness and also endangers the Arab identity. The Arab revolution has to be more than the overthrowing of dictators. Bennabi created the concept of Post- Almohad Man and its “Colonsability” – a ten­dency to be colonized which allows the aggressor to be transformed into the colonizer. Is Bennabi’s theory applicable to Iraq? Should killing a Post- Almohad Man be the aim, as Bennabi postulated, and only this will allow society to develop? Although Bennabi rather had in mind liberation from auto-stereotype and reconstruction of identity, many still interpret his words literally.
The Arab Spring – Implications for the Russian Federation
Authors: Stopczyński Andrzej
Published: January 2019

The Arab Spring led to a major transformation of political systems of the region’s most countries; an increase in the significance of radical Islam in the political life; a degradation of the security environment. In addi­tion, changes in the region’s economy cannot be overlooked. The events connected with the Arab Spring gave the Russian Federation completely new challenges. The country has to yet again define the character of its relations with Muslim countries and adapt its foreign policy to the new post-revolutionary reality. The Arab Spring also represents a challenge for Russia in its internal affairs.
RELIGIOUS ORIENTATION OF MUSLIM GIRLS AND YOUNG WOMEN BETWEEN PARTICULARISM AND UNIVERSALISM
Authors: Kulaçatan Meltem , Behr Harry Harun
Published: January 2019

The appeal of contemporary radical interpretations for young Muslim women and men poses a new challenge to Islamic theology and education.  While  attention  has been given to the radicalization  of young men,  Muslim  women  remain  marginalized  within  academic  research. This article discusses gender-sensitive issues concerning radicalization. Based on the results of a pretest-study that inquires the success of ISIS regarding the recruiting of young women, aspects of universalism are approached, as constructions of gender, religion and education are discussed. Here, reconstructions of Islam between ideological, systematic and functional references of religion are taken into account.
Perilaku Menyimpang pada Remaja Punk di Kawasan Pasar 16 Ilir Palembang
Authors: Musyarafah Dira Azida , Lukmawati Lukmawati
Published: January 2019

tidak sesuai dengan norma-norma yang terdapat dalam ajaran agama dan masyarakat. Bentuk penyimpangan yang dilakukan beragam yakni minum-minuman beralkohol, menggunakan ganja, sabu-sabu, mencuri, hingga seks bebas. Hal yang melatar belakangi terjadinya perilaku menyimpang pada remaja Punk disebabkan karena keinginan untuk mendapatkan kebebasan, hal ini dipicu oleh hubungan keluarga yang broken home, kurangnya perhatian, lingkungan yang tidak baik menyebabkan mereka mudah terpengaruh dan ikut-ikutan kepada hal negatif. Dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat perilaku menyimpang yang dilakukan remaja Punk yakni dikucilkan oleh lingkungan sekitar dan dipandang “Sebelah Mata” oleh lingkungan, kemudian dampak yang ditimbulkan untuk lingkungan masyarakat yakni timbulnya keresahan dilingkungan masyarakat terhadap remaja Punk.
Correlation Between Noise and Age to Housewive’s Blood Pressure in Ambengan Surabaya Residence
Authors: Suryani Novi Dwi Ira
Published: January 2019

Noise is a physical exposure that effect to health such as increasing blood pressure. Therefore the aim of this research was to examine the correlation between noise and age toward housewive’s blood pressure. This research applied cross-sectional study with observational comparative method. The population was housewives in Ambengan Surabaya residence with a sample of 53 people, including 29 study and 24 controls selected through cluster sampling. Noise, age, durration of exposure, family history of hypertension, consumption of coffee and salt selected to be independent variables. Noise data measured in the respondent house used Sound Level Meter Merk Kanomax Model 4020. The result of bivariat correlation used chi square showed that there was significant correlation between noise (p (0,002) < α(0.05)) and age (p (0.029) < α(0.05)) to housewive’s blood pressure. It is conclued that noise and age related to housewive’s blood pressure. Government requaired to socialize the damage and health effect of train noise levels to people who lives in residence surround railway and resettlement within < 6 meters from railway into larger land. At last, to ensure the presence of inferential causal temporality, it is required to conduct further study with design of cohort study in a larger sample and correlate variable.
Sanitation and Personal Hygiene on Canteen Dharma Wanita Persatuan Airlangga University
Authors: Yuasadam Noor Zain
Published: January 2019

Airlangga University is one of the renowned universities in Indonesia which has a big share in the nation’s development. But it could run when supported with adequate facilities, among these facilities are one of the vital facilities where this facility is used as a dining area. Another term for this is the place to eat cafeteria where the canteen also has a stake in a healthy society also participated in it or make sick people in it, so that the cafeteria had to obtain special treatment in order to ensure the safety of food dijajakannya. But to refute it would require a special study where the cafeteria as its targets, especially female university canteen dharma airlangga who have close relations with the university management office airlangga. From the research that found that women getting the canteen dharma according 45.34 Permenkes No.1096/Menkes/Per/VI/2011 Concerning Sanitation Hygiene Jasaboga these results was considered inadequate and largely irrelevant to the prestigious universities in Indonesia.
Relationship Between Residential Loction and Family’s Asthma History with Night Cough in Children
Authors: Manggali Agni Amurbatami
Published: January 2019

Generally, children spend most of their time at home. In that way, the condition of their home will really affect their health. Children living in beside roadway may be exposed to emission of vehicles passing by the road and enter the house through the ventilation. Whereas, children are vulnerable of getting respiratory disease due to inhaling poluted air continously. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between living in house beside roadway and night cough in children. The sample of study was the students aged 6–7 years from SDN Babatan IV Surabaya and SDN Sumur Welut III Surabaya. Data collecting was done using cross-sectional method by filling out questionnaires interviewed to the parents of study sample. The questionaires used was International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) which had already translated to bahasa Indonesia and modified. Children who experienced night cough without flu was 26.15%. Children living in the roadside was 13.85%. Asthma history was had by 4.61% of children and 12.31% of their parents. Relationships were found between night cough and house in roadside (P = 0.045), asthma history of children (P = 0.016), and asthma history of parents (P = 0.003). This study conclude that distance between house and roadway is a significant modifier for night cough without flu in children. Recommendations that can be given through this study are conducting allergy examination for children and adding facilities to absorb air pollutants in houses located beside roadway such as indoor plants or screen for ventilation.
Identification of Legionella, Indoor Air Quality and Employee Sick Building Syndrome Complaints in Installation of Blood Transfusion- Dr. Soetomo Hospital
Authors: Verayani Erin
Published: January 2019

Indoor air pollution was one of the factors causing global health problems because most people do activities in the room contaminated by pollutant materials. AC system was one of the factors that influence the air quality of the room. Improper maintenance  to central air conditioning that was potentially as a breeding place for pathogenic microorganisms such as Legionella bacteria and decrease indoor air quality causing health problems of workers that is sick building syndrome. The purpose of this research was to know the existence of Legionella pathogen bacteria, indoor air quality such as physical and air bacteria number and sick building syndrome complaints on the officer at Blood Transfusion Installation of Dr.Soetomo Hospital. This study was an observational study with cross sectional study design and the results are compared with Minister of Health Decree No.1204 / Menkes / SK / X / 2004 about environmental health requirements of hospitals and Permenkes RI No.83 of 2014 about Blood Transfusion Unit. The results of identification in the water distribution system for clean water and AC Central using BCYE culture method was not found Legionella bacteria. The result of the measurement of the number of airborne germs has fulfilled the health requirements according to Minister of health Decree No.1204 / Menkes / SK / X / 2004 Environmental Health Requirements of hospital but the result of physical quality (temperature and humidity) was more than standart RI Minister of health Decree No.1204 / Menkes / SK / X / 2004 and Rule of Health Minister No.83/2014 about  Blood Transfusion Unit. The result of this study showed that 84% staffs get sick building syndrome complaint. The most sick building syndrome complaints were dry eye (66,7%) and nasal congestion (61,9%).
Evaluation of Process on The Implementation of STBM First Pillar Stop Open Defecation in Puskesmas Seririt II Working Area
Authors: Widyanti Made Cahya
Published: January 2019

Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a paradigm and model of a new approach to sanitation development in Indonesia that prioritizes community empowerment and behavioral change. Work area of Seririt II Public Health Center was the working area with the lowest access to the lowest latrine in Buleleng regency, which was 65.58% and there were no ODF status. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the process of actualization of CLTS first pillar program in the work area of Seririt II Community Health Center. This research was an observastional research used cross sectional study design. Data collection techniques with primary data were obtained using questionnaires. The sample of this research was sanitation officer. Data analysis used descriptive analysise. The results of the evaluation process of actualization of the Community Led Total Sanitation Program (CLTS) first pillar in the work area of Seririt II Community Health Center were not in accordance with the Minister of Health Decree Number 3 Year 2014 about CLTS, there were several steps which were not performed by sanitation officers i.e prepared village level facilitators, discussed with communities, formed sanitation activities, developed CLTS program plans related to open defecation habits, worked with cross-sector and cross-program in healthy latrine development plan and evaluated of CLTS  program plan by involving community. Suggestions for this research are sanitation officers should improve the quality of trigger activities, monitoring, evaluation and assistance for other residents who still behave inappropriately to use and have adequate sanitation facilities, advocate for the sub-district head and village head to support the success of the CLTS program.
Analyze of House Conditions and The Rat Existence Affected to The Leptospirosis Cases in Klaten District
Authors: Katulistiwa Nisa Azza , Lestari Kusuma Scorpia
Published: January 2019

Abstract: In Klaten district,  leptospirosis cases raised  up  during  6 years (2006–2013), except in 2012.  The  healthy houses coverage raised up as well, although some houses still had not met healthy house criteria. The aim of this study was to analyze of house conditions and the rat exsistence affected to the leptospirosis cases in Klaten district. This study was observational analytic study used case control design. This study  was conducted on November, 2013–June, 2014 by using questionnaire, interview, and observation. The sample was 60 respondents with 30 cases and 30 controls. The independent variables  were the house conditions, house components, sanitation facilities, behavior,  and rat existence in the  house. Bivariate analysis  used chi square  test,  the  result showed that the  house conditions (p value  =  0.009 OR = 6.882), behavior  (p value = 0.017 OR = 6.000), and the rat existence in the house (p value = 0.030 OR = 10.545) were related to the leptospirosis cases. Multivariate analysis  used logistic regression test, the result showed unhealthy house conditions was the dominant risk factors that affect to the leptospirosis cases with value of probability about 74,6% and  two-fold  higher  risk compared with healthy house conditions. The suggestion for community in Klaten District is attempting to improve  the environmental house health by having a clean  and healthy living, such as always to put the garbage away to the waterproof  and closed bins and to put the garbage away regularly from house in the evening to prevent  rats go into house.Keywords: housing conditions, rat, unhealthy houses, leptospirosis
Characteristic, Behaviour, Lung Function of Workers and PM2,5 Concentration in Cecek Home Industry Sidoarjo Regency
Authors: Aulia Zuhrida , Azizah R.
Published: January 2019

Abstract: PM2,5   as  one  of the  air pollutions  parameters can  be  derived from burning  wood. Negative impact  from PM2,5  exposure on health are impaired  lung function.  This study  was conducted to analyze  characteristics, behaviors, lung function  of workers  and PM2,5  concentration in cecek home industry Katerungan  Village, Krian District of Sidoarjo Regency. This research used cross sectional design with total population, 10 workers.  Indoor PM2,5 concentration in production area and  warehouse space were  measured using  EPAM 5000  and  workers  lung function  was  measured using spirometry test. Individual characteristics and behaviors of workers  were analysed using descriptive quantitatively to lung  function.  Individual characteristics variable consists of age,  job tenure,  medical history and  BMI. Behavioral variables focus on smoking habit. The result of this research showed that PM 2.5 concentration in production area and warehouse space still under  the environmental quality standards (< 10 mg/m3). 40% workers  in production area and 80% workers  in warehouse space got impaired  lung function.  We can conclude that impaired  lung function  of workers in cecek home industry Katerungan  Village, Krian District of Sidoarjo Regency is not caused of PM2,5 exposure, but job tenure,  medical history, BMI, smoking habit for more than 5 years and more than 1 pack  per day. Impaired lung function more  likely happen to worker with job tenure  more  than 5 years,  having  historical respiration  disease, having  wasted nutritional status  and have been smoked more than 5 years and more than 1 pack  per day. The suggestion is that workers with impaired  lung function  should have  advanced diagnosis and  therapy.  For the owner  of a home industry,  should require his workers wearing  masks at work place.Keywords: PM2,5, lung function,  cecek home industry
Relationship Between Student Characteristics and Handwashing Habit with Worm Disease Incidence in Islamic Boarding School Blitar District
Authors: M Aida Erna , Mukono J
Published: January 2019

Abstract: Worm  disease incidence in islamic  boarding  school can  be influenced by  student characteristics and handwashing habit. Student characteristics were cocidered into age and lived period  in islamic boarding school. Hand washing were  seen from handwashing habit  before ate  and after defecation. Purpose of this  study  was  to analyze relationship  between student characteristics and handwashing habit with worm disease incidence in islamic boarding school. This study was observational analytic study with cross sectional design. Student characteristics and handwashing habit data were  obtained questionnaires by 71 students. Worm disease incidence was  known  from laboratory testing of student feces. Worm disease incidence in islamic  boarding school were  2.8% with worm species were  Enterobius vermicularis  and Hookworm. Results of data collection were  analyzed using  Chi Square test with value  of α =  0.05. Student characteristics showed most  student was  16 years old and live in boarding  school for 1 year. Hand washing habit student islamoc boarding  school before eating was bad and after defecation was good. There was a relationship between live period  in islamic  boarding  school (p =  0.016),  handwashing habit before eating  (p =  0.008)  and  after defecation (p  =  0.018)  with worm  disease incidence. There  was  no  relationship between age  and  worm  disease incidence (p =  0.205).  Student islamic boarding  school should improve  handwashing habit before eating  and  after defecation used soap  and running water.Keywords: student islamic  boarding  school  characteristics, handwashing habit,  worm  disease, islamic  boarding school
Environmental Health Risk Factor in the Community Around of Rejo Agung Baru Sugar Factory Madiun
Authors: Hestya Inta , Prasasti Corie Indria
Published: January 2019

Abstract:  Emissions of dust  particles  (baggase and  charcoal)  into the  air by a sugar  factory  in the  production was pollution  to the  environment that need to be  watched. These pollutants  materials  get  into the  house through vents or open doors.  The  purpose of this research was  to describe the  risk factor of environmental health  relation to the amount  of risk exposure PM2,5, the community behaviour  and  home condition. This research is descriptive research with cross sectional design and  the number of samples 14 housewife. Data was  collected is PM2,5  levels  in a room (analyzed with environmental health risk assessment), weight,  behavior  of respondents and the condition of the house. The results  showed there were  3 people respondents at risk of unsafe exposure to PM2,5  weight  and concentration by long in the home 24 hours/day and exposure of 350 days/year for 30 years. Risk factors of behavior related to the habit of smoking family members and the use  of insect repellent fuel, while environmental factors  (condition of the house) was temperature, humidity and the distance of the house from the sugar factory. Concluded that the respondents have a risk of unsafe exposure to PM2,5  was  the respondent with a distance of home < 300 meters, have  family members who smoke, use insect repellent  and fuel temperature and humidity  were  not eligible. Required increased awareness of family members of the respondents not to smoke in the house, do  not use  insect repellent  and  maximize existin ventilation function.Keywords: Environmental  Health Risk Assessment, PM2,5, behavior  community, home condition, sugar factor
Description of Particulate Matter2,5 with Library Worker’s Health Complaint in Campus B Universitas Airlangga
Authors: Fitria Nola
Published: January 2019

Abstract: PM2,5, and temperature are one of the physical factors that can affect indoor air quality. Indoor air quality affect human health because most people spend their time in room, that causing health complaint. The purpose of this study was to describe the PM2,5, temperature, and characteristics of worker with health complaint in Campus B of Airlangga University. The research was observational with cross sectional design, and analyzed descriptively. Data was collected by measuring of PM2,5, and temperature, observing, and interviewing. The results showed that the number of respondents who suffered health complaint were 75.00%. The most of health complaint in worker is sneezing. The cross-tabulation between PM2,5 and health complaint fulfi lled the standard were 100.00%; temperature and health complaint was not fulfi lled the standard were 100.00%. Most of workers who have health complaint is the age group of less than or equal to 40 years with female sex, and working period is less than or equal to 5 years. It is suggested to the library to set air conditioner according to KepMenKes RI No. 1405/MENKES/SK/XI2002 18-28°C, to maintain technical and non-technical AC, to do medical check up regularly for workers, to spend time out of building while not working.Keywords: PM2,5, temperature, health complaint, library
The Correlation between Blood Lead Level with Hypertension of Painting Cars Worker in Surabaya
Authors: Eka Hendra
Published: January 2019

Lead (Pb) is a metal that used as a color pigment in paint material. Lead has an acute effect on blood pressure and caused hypertension in chronic poisoning because it accumulated in blood. The objective of this research was to identify the correlation between aerial lead level and blood lead level with hypertension of workers in car painting workshop Surabaya. This research was an observational with cross-sectional study and to know the correlation analyzed by using phi correlation. Sample of this research were 16 respondents taken from population compatible from deﬁ ned criteria. Blood lead level and blood pressure examined by the health workers then analyzed in the laboratory and using questionnaires to determine the characteristic of respondents. The results of this research is 83.33% respondents were exposed have blood lead concentration exceeds the limit that is > 10 μg/dL and 66.67% respondents were exposed have hypertension. Blood lead concentration have a strong correlation with hypertension (r = 0.618). The workers need to do a routine blood lead concentration check up once every 6 months and use personal protective equipment at work, consume foods and beverages that contain high calcium often nevertheless decrease smoking habit to inhibit absorption of lead in blood.
The Analysis of Exposure Welding Fumes with Impaired Lung Faal Workers Welding PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero)
Authors: Desy Riesa , Sulistyorini Lilis
Published: January 2019

Welding is an activity that has a major risk for lung function disorders resulting from gas and fumes generated. The general objective of this study was to analyze the overview of fumes exposure, individual characteristics with impaired lung function welding workers in PT. PAL INDONESIA (Persero). The type of this research is an observational study and is descriptive with cross sectional approach. The sample used the total population of the labor of welding PT. PAL INDONESIA (Persero). Measuring levels of fumes using HVDS, measurements were performed on a 4 point welding workshop. Examining of lung function is done by using a spirometer. And the risk factor data obtained from questionnaires and interviews. The results of this study showed levels of fumes that exceed 2 NAB contained in welding workshop From the results of pulmonary function measurement, there are three workers with impaired lung function by the category of mild obstruction and restriction. Characteristics of individuals who have an influence on the occurrence of pulmonary function disorders worker is of masks used by workers. Welding workers should wear masks that have been provided by PT. PAL INDONESIA. PT. PAL INDONESIA should undertake an obligation to conduct periodic health for workers.
The Implementation of Total Sanitation Programme Based of Community - Stop Defecating Carelessly in the Lembur Timur and Luba Village Subdistrict Lembur of Alor District on 2015
Authors: Yusran Yosef
Published: January 2019

Nationally data show that no province in Indonesia to reach the targets of the Millennium Development Goals in 2015, that is 100% access to the toilets. Open defecation behavior is the main cause in occurrence of disease based environment. This research was conducted to describe the implementation process of the first pillar a program called Community Based Total Sanitation, “Stop Open Defecation” in the Lembur Timur and Luba Village, District Alor subdis– Lembur on 2015. This research was evaluative draft summative approach system descriptive analyzed. The interview was carried out in public health centre and village on 14 people that implementing Community Based Total Sanitation. The subjects of Reviews These studies were taken in purposive sampling. In-depth interviews, examination of documents and observations conducted to get a more information about the variables Examined. Variable in this Research was process of the program. Research results showed variable training facilitator, plan of action, natural leader as well as monitoring and evaluation were eligible with Permenkes No. 3 on 2014 about Community Based Total Sanitation, whereas the variabel of trigger and advocacy were not eligible. There were no document trigger and recommendations written advocacy activities related to the government of the village. Community empowerment efforts haven’t been running because not maximal formed Village Community Based Total Sanitation Committee. Need to increase the knowledge of sanitarian with conduct a study and comparative study to other public health centre with the recording system and reporting as well as the establishment of Village Community Based Total Sanitation Committee.
Determination of Probabilistic Characteristics During Isolation of Fragile Loads Carried in Motor Trucks Over Rough Roads
Authors: Seghir Kamel , Benbouta Rachid , Naoun Mehieddine
Published: January 2019

Random disturbances arising from the roadway are among the causes of many mechanical defects leading to discomfort
and road users’ fatigue. Traditional mechanics analysis, based on the deterministic approach, is unfeasible
when we take into account all the non-controllable effects to explain the physical phenomenon. In this present
work, we used the spectral theory to analyse the dynamic behavior of a vehicle in order to get the probabilistic
characteristics output knowing the input characteristics. To overcome the difficulties encountered in the matrix
elements calculation of the transfer functions, we developed a simple numerical procedure as presented in this
work.
Whirl Orbital Response Control of Micro Rotors With Flexural Modes
Authors: Mukherjee Abhro , Das Satyabrata , Sengupta Sabyasachi S
Published: January 2019

In this paper there is an attempt to develop an elegant controlling strategy to stabilize flexible rotors having flexural
modes. Initially, the possible causes of instability in a rotor system due to internal damping through mathematical
formulation are discussed. The threshold or the critical speed was derived beyond which the rotor became unstable.
The stabilizing algorithm was designed by keeping the overall control law mathematically simple such that
minimum numbers of sensors were used and deployed. Actuators were properly selected such that control and
stabilization was practically possible for rotors of such low diameters. Bond graphs were used to model the rotor
system having flexural modes. As bond graphs act as a portrayal of power and information exchange within the
system and with external environment, bond graphs may give a better clue for modeling such systems. The real
challenge in this work lies in the proposal of control strategy in stabilizing non-rigid rotors having flexible modes.
Mathematical simplicity of the proposed control algorithms is considered for its easy deployment. The Simplest
Beam model the Euler-Bernoulli beam is considered.
Blade-Vortex Interaction Noise Controller Based on Miniature Trailing Edge Effectors
Authors: Modini Sara , Graziani Giorgio , Bernardini Giovanni , Gennaretti Massimo
Published: January 2019

The present work focuses on the alleviation of Blade Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise annoyance through a control
methodology generating high-frequency aerodynamic BVI counter-actions. The low-power requirements make
the Micro-Trailing Edge Effectors (MiTEs) particularly suited for this kind of application. The controller layout
is set by observing the BVI scenario while the actuation law is efficiently synthesized through a process based on
an analytical unsteady sectional aerodynamic formulation. The validation of the proposed control methodology is
carried out through numerical investigations of a realistic helicopter main rotor in flight descent, obtained using
computational tools for potential-flow aerodynamic and aeroacoustic analyses based on boundary element method
solutions. In order to capture the aerodynamic influence of MiTEs through potential-flow simulations, the MiTEs
are replaced by trailing edge plain flaps which provide equivalent aerodynamic responses. Results concerning
the proposed controller capability to alleviate high-frequency blade loads and subsequent emitted noise from BVI
events are presented and discussed.
Response Analysis of Ladder Beams Under Inertial Moving Load
Authors: Li Hongliang , Zhang Bo , Gong Yunxuan , Wang Donghua
Published: January 2019

With the continuous development of industry, variable-section beams and high speed moving loads with large mass are widely used. Thus, it is of great significance to study the vibration response of variable-section beam with the consideration of inertia effect. Most past research focuses on the vibration response on uniform beams considering inertial effects, but there is little research on the vibration response of moving loads on variable section beam considering the inertia effect. In this paper, a variable section beam is simplified as a multi-stage ladder beam. Using the Euler-Bernoulli beam model, free-vibration characteristics and forced vibration characteristics of cantilever ladder beam are analysed. Following this step the vibration response considering the influence of the inertia effect is studied and compared with the situation that does not consider the influence of inertia effect. The results show that the mass, velocity, and acceleration of moving loads influence the effect of inertia on the response. Mass is the main factor affecting the results. The inertia effect caused by the acceleration and velocity can be ignored when the mass of moving load is small. The results have good engineering applicability.
Time Trends in Age at Menarche and Related Non-Communicable Disease Risk During the 20th Century in Mexico
Authors: Petersohn Inga , Zarate Ortiz Arli Guadalupe , Cepeda Lopez Ana Carla , Melse Boonstra Alida
Published: January 2019

Developed countries have shown a time trend towards a younger age at menarche (AAM), which is associated with increased risk of later obesity and non-communicable diseases. We aimed to assess whether a time trend in AAM with associated disease risk is also present in Mexico. For this, we used data of 30,826 women from the Mexican National Health Survey (2000). Linear and log binomial regression was used for nutritional and disease outcomes, whereas Welch-ANOVA was used to test for a time trend. AAM decreased over time (p < 0.001), with a maximal difference of 0.99 years between the 1920s (13.6 years) and 1980s (12.6 years). AAM (in years) was negatively associated with weight (β = -1.01 kg; 95 % CI -1.006, -1,004) and BMI (β = -1.01 kg/m2; -1.007, -1.006), and positively with height (β = 0.18 cm; 0.112, 0.231). AAM was associated with diabetes (RR = 0.95; 0.93, 0.98) and hypercholesterolemia (RR = 0.93; 0.90, 0.95), but not with hypertension, breast cancer or arthritis. In Mexico, AAM decreased significantly during the 20th century. AAM was inversely associated with adult weight and BMI, and positively with height. Women with a later AAM had a lower risk of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.
An Integrated Best-Worst and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy TOPSIS Methodology for Green Supplier Selection
Authors: Yucesan Melih , Mete Suleyman , Serin Faruk , Celik Erkan , Gul Muhammet
Published: January 2019

Supplier selection is one of the most important multi criteria decision making (MCDM) problems for decision makers in competitive market. Organizations of today’s world are seeking new ways to reduce negative effects of their organizations to the environment and to reach a greener system. At this point, green supplier selection concept has gained great importance with its ability on incorporating environmental or green criteria into the classical supplier selection practices. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed at proposing a multi-phase MCDM model based on Best-Worst Method (BWM) and interval type-2 fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). A case study in a plastic injection molding facility in Turkey is performed to show the applicability of the proposed integrated methodology. The paper ensures insights into the decision making, methodology, and managerial implications. Results of the case study are examined and suggestions for future research are provided.
Analysis of Preferable Occupation between Merchant and Islamic Bank Clerk in Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) Based on a Hadith about Riba
Authors: Kafabih An'im , Manzilati Asfi
Published: January 2019

This paper investigates the relationship between occupation to interest rate between Islamic bank clerk and merchant who export or import goods. As Prophet Muhammad ever said that at the end people still eat the “the dust of riba” event they want to avoid it, this implies that what people’s occupation will also be affected by the rate of interest rate. Introducing two model that represent the relationship between two occupation, merchant and Islamic bank clerks, and using ordinary regression, this study finds that statistically, as people want to be a merchant, they will gain much benefit when the rate of interest raise, however, when people prefer to become Islamic bank clerk (especially in BSM as case study), their income will harm as the rate of interest increase. In addition, when the interest rate rise, the benefit which is gained by merchant much greater than the loss of Islamic bank profit (BSM) because of the higher coefficient value of merchant rather than Islamic bank profit (BSM).
Gas Exchange of prone positioning in influenza pneumonia-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: A multicenter retrospective cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Ko-Wei , Lin Shih-Wei , Chuang Li-Pang , Liang Shinn-Jye , Yang Kuang-Yao , Chan Ming-Cheng , Chen Wei-Chih , Hu Han-Chung , Fang Wen-Feng , Chen Yu-Mu , Sheu Chau-Chyun , Tsai Ming-Ju , Wang Hao-Chien , Chien Ying-Chun , Perng Wann-Cherng , Wu Chieh-Liang , Kao Kuo-Chin
Published: January 2019

Background: Prone positioning has demonstrated decreased mortality in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prone positioning in patients with influenza pneumonia-related severe ARDS.
Methods: This retrospective study includes eight tertiary referral centers. All the patients with influenza pneumonia induced severe ARDS and receiving prone positioning were enrolled. Demographic data, laboratory data, treatment record, ventilator setting data and outcomes were collected. PaO2 responders were defined as the PaO2/FiO2 ratio increasing by ≥20% or ≥20 mm Hg, while PaCO2 responders were defined as PaCO2 decreasing by ≥1 mm Hg after prone positioning for one day.
Results: Sixty-five patients receiving prone positioning were enrolled, with 37 (57%) were PaO2 responders and 33 (51%) were PaCO2 responders. Mortality rates were not significantly different between responders and non-responders. PaCO2 responder survivors had significantly shortened length of stay at the ICU (21.0 ± 13.5 vs. 31.7 ± 18.5 days, P = 0.038) and hospital (30.2 ± 16.6 vs. 43.0 ± 16.3 days, P = 0.013) than did non-responders. Multivariate analysis revealed younger age (odds ratio 0.903, 95% confidence interval 0.824-0.989; P = 0.028) and higher PaCO2 level before prone positioning (odds ratio 1.121 confidence interval 1.020-1.231; P = 0.017) were the predictors of PaCO2 responders.
Conclusions: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study of influenza pneumonia patients with severe ARDS receiving prone positioning, PaCO2 responders had modestly better clinical outcomes. Younger age and higher PaCO2 level before prone positioning were the predictors of PaCO2 responders.
Keywords: Prone positioning, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Influenza, Gas exchange, Outcome
Fluid Dynamics of Tubes Used in Membrane-Tube Type Glaucoma Shunt Devices
Authors: Han Jong Chul , Hwang Young Hoon , Ahn Byung Heon
Published: January 2019

Purpose: To investigate the outflow characteristics of silicone tubes with intraluminal stents used in membrane-tube (MT) type glaucoma shunt devices (MT-device).
Methods: The silicone tubes used in MicroMT (internal diameter of 100 µm with 7-0 nylon intraluminal stent) and Finetube MT (internal diameter of 200 µm with 5-0 nylon intraluminal stent) were connected to a syringe-pump that delivered a continuous flow of distilled water at flow rates of 2, 5, 10, and 25 µl/min. The pressures and resistances of tubes were measured at a steady flow rate with full-length, half-length, and absence of intraluminal stents.
Results: At flow rates between 2 and 25 µl/min, the mean outflow resistance of tubes ranged from 3.0 ± 1.9 to 3.8 ± 1.7 mmHg/µl/min with a full-length intraluminal stent, 1.8 ± 1.1 to 2.2 ± 1.1 mmHg/µl/min with a half-length intraluminal stent, and 0.1 ± 0 to 0.2 ± 0 mmHg/µl/min without an intraluminal stent. At a physiologic state with a flow rate of 2 µl/min and episcleral venous pressure of 6 mmHg, the mean pressures of tubes were expected to be 13.2 ± 3.0, 10.5 ± 2.4, and 6.4 ± 0.2 mmHg in MicroMT with full-length, half-length, and absence of intraluminal stents, respectively, and 12.5 ± 3.9, 9.6 ± 2.4, and 6.2 ± 0.2 mmHg in Finetube MT with full-length, half-length, and absence of intraluminal stents, respectively. Variance of the pressure decreased according to the intraluminal stent retraction (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: The tubes with intraluminal stents used in the MT-device showed safe (with a minimal risk of postoperative ocular hypotony) and effective (sufficient for intraocular pressure control) outflow characteristics.
A new efficient and comprehensive asthenopia questionnaire
Authors: Deng Ruzhi , Lin Yanyan , Zhang Jiafan , Zhu Yu , Zheng Jingwei , Li Xiaoman , Lin Na , Thorn Frank , Lu Fan
Published: January 2019

Background: There has been no standardized questionnaire and objective criterion for assessing and diagnosing asthenopia so far. This study aimed to design a valid and reliable questionnaire to determine the various causes of asthenopia for use by clinicians and researchers.
Methods: We developed a 19-item asthenopia questionnaire (AQ-19) in two phases. In the Design phase, 17 experts, 98 patients with asthenopia and 20 controls participated to generate the item list. We generated a comprehensive 52-item list to create our 1st version. The list included selected items based on a literature review, patient interviews and the Delphi experts method. In the Validation phase, we conducted a pilot test (127 patients and 25 controls) and retest (154 patients and 24 controls) for item reduction and a questionnaire validity assessment.
Results: Our initial questionnaire contained 52 symptoms and 2 self-evaluation questions. After item reduction and assessment, we generated a 19-item questionnaire. It included 19 symptom items that were classified into three domains through factor analysis. Cronbach's α for the three subscales of this version were between 0.79 and 0.85, while for the complete questionnaire Cronbach's α was 0.90, with a split-half reliability of 0.80. Factor analysis showed the three components have eigenvalues > 3 and these explained 54.3% of the variance.
Conclusions: The AQ-19 has acceptable psychometric properties, making it a valid and reliable tool for ophthalmologists and optometrists to evaluate asthenopia as well as to provide clues to find its causes. It provides three levels of information: (1) Identifies the presence of asthenopia. (2) Differentiates three major causal classifications (ocular-surface, systemic, and vision symptoms). (3) Focuses in on a specific cause. The clinician must still use his or her skills to determine the exact cause. The AQ-19 questionnaire has the potential to be used in clinical trials and outcome research, and most importantly to help clinicians efficiently and effectively diagnose the cause of a patient’s asthenopia.
Trial registration: KYK [2016]8. Registered at 25 February 2016. Retrospectively registered.
Keywords: Asthenopia, Reliability, Validity, Questionnaire, Delphi Method
Umbilical mesenchymal stem cells attenuates corneal fibrosis induced by fungal keratitis through the TGFβ1/Smad2 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Yue , Chen Yuqing , Wang Suiyue , Qin Fangyuan , liya Wang
Published: January 2019

Background: Fungal keratitis (FK) is eye microbial infection disease which can leads to severe corneal blindness. Corneal scar formation is one of the major complications of fungal keratitis and is closely related to prognosis. The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the anti-fibrosis effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) in FK model and further to explore underlying mechanisms.
Methods: FK mice model was made by corneal epithelial scratching and F. solani inoculation. The C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups, including control group, FK group, vehicleinj FK group and uMSCsinj FK group. After injury, antifungal drug natamycin eye drops were used topically to FK mice eyes 6 times per day for 7 days to inhibit fungi growth. Mice received repeated subconjunctival injection of uMSCs or veichle for 3 times including the 1d, 4d and 7d after wounding. At 14d, 21d and 28d post-injury, clinical observation, histological examination, second harmonic generation, immunofluoresence staining and molecular assays were performed.
Results: The uMSCs topical administration reduced corneal scar formation and corneal opacity, accompanying with decreased corneal thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration, following down-regulated fibrotic-related factors α-SMA, TGFβ1, CTGF, and COLⅠ and finally inhibited phosphorylation of TGFβ1/Smad2 signaling pathway, which indicating the potential anti-fibrotic and protective effect of human uMSCs against FK-induced corneal fibrosis.
Conclusion: Human uMSCs can evidently inhibit corneal fibrosis after FK wounding through TGFβ1/Smad2 signaling pathway regulation.
Keywords: Fungal keratitis, corneal fibrosis, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
The Effects of Low versus Standard Pressure Pneumoperitoneum on Renal Tubular Epithelial and Peritubular Endothelial Cells Injury in Living-Donor Nephrectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Aditianingsih Dita , Mochtar Chaidir Arif , Lydia Aida , Siregar Nuryati Chairani , Margyaningsih Nur Ita , Madjid Amir Sjarifuddin , Suwarto Suhendro
Published: January 2019

Background: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a preferable technique for living kidney donation. However, positive-pressure pneumoperitoneum may have an unfavorable effect on the remaining kidney and other distant organs due to increased systemic inflammation, endothelial vascular response and renal tubular injury. Early detection of renal injury due to increased intraabdominal pressure is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether using low-pressure pneumoperitoneum reduces syndecan-1 shedding and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2) expression as the early markers of vascular endothelial and renal tubular cell injury, in comparison to the standard pressure.
Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized study on 44 patients undergoing laparoscopic donor nephrectomy that were allocated into standard pressure (12 mmHg) group or low-pressure (8 mmHg) group. The serial plasma interleukin-6, syndecan-1, and sVEGFR-2 were collected at baseline, intra- and postoperative, and were quantified by ELISA. We analyzed syndecan-1 and VEGFR-2 expression from renal cortex tissue by immunohistochemistry and examined the ultrastructure of renal tubules and peritubular capillaries using electron microscopy. The perioperative hemodynamic, end-tidal CO2, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urinary KIM-1 were recorded.
Results: Forty-four patients were analyzed, the patients’ baseline and demographic characteristics were compared between groups. The low-pressure group showed significantly lower intra- and postoperative heart rate, intraoperative plasma IL-6 and sVEGFR-2 level compared to the standard pressure group. Plasma syndecan-1 level was lower in the low-pressure group although insignificant. Syndecan-1 expression in proximal tubules was significantly higher in the low-pressure group. The expression of VEGFR-2 in proximal, distal tubules and peritubular capillaries endothelium were significantly lower in the low-pressure group. The low-pressure group showed better morphological ultratructure of renal tubules and peritubular capillaries.
Conclusion: The low-pressure pneumoperitoneum reduced the inflammatory response of plasma IL-6, the shedding of syndecan-1 and VEGFR-2 expression as the marker for renal tubular injury in laparoscopic nephrectomy.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT:03219398 on July 17th 2017.
Keywords: Pneumoperitoneum pressure, renal resistive index, interleukin-6, syndecan-1, VEGFR-2, laparoscopic nephrectomy
Evaluation of Selected Fungicide Application Regimes and Biotic Agents for the Management of Basil Downy Mildew
Authors: Zhang Guirong , Babadoost Mohammad , De Young Alan , Johnson Eric T. , Schisler David A.
Published: January 2019

Basil downy mildew (Peronospora belbahrii) is a destructive disease that occurs in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). Foliar fungicide treatments could reduce infection and the severity of foliar symptoms over the course of the growing season. Multiple fungicides in variable combinations, application rates, and sequences were applied to basil foliage weekly over the course of a field season in Illinois (14 July to 8 Sept. 2014), and the treatment effects on basil downy mildew were evaluated three times. The evaluated treatments included mixtures and different rotations of azoxystrobin, potassium phosphite, mandipropamid, cyazofamid, oxathiapiprolin, experimental compound A18269SE, dimethomorph, zoxamide + mancozeb, fluazinam, fluopicolide, mefenoxam + copper hydroxide, fenamidone, mancozeb, and ametoctradin + dimethomorph. Potassium phosphite, which is known to be effective against other downy mildew pathogens, was included in combination with other fungicides or in fungicide application sequences. Disease severity was rated in fungicide-treated plots (0% to 20%) and compared with the control (73% to 80%) at each evaluation time. All fungicide treatments significantly reduced the area under the disease progress curve values compared with the untreated control. Adding a nonionic surfactant did not improve the efficacy of any of the chemical treatments evaluated for reducing downy mildew. Organic basil growers need novel, effective products to minimize damage from basil downy mildew. To aid organic basil growers, two novel, effective biocontrol agents were evaluated, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AS 43.3 and Papiliotrema flavescens OH 182.9 3C (formerly Cryptococcus flavescens). Greenhouse experiments were conducted with the fungicides quinoxyfen and azoxystrobin serving as negative and positive fungicide treatment controls, respectively. Azoxystrobin reduced downy mildew according to the greenhouse tests, but neither quinoxyfen nor the biocontrol agents reduced downy mildew severity compared with the untreated control. This study identified 13 fungicide regimens that resulted in less than 10% basil downy mildew disease severity. More studies are needed to identify effective control products for basil downy mildew on organic basil.