bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A Contribution Shared Is a Contribution Halved”: The Influence of Tie Strength‐Based Disclosure Strategy on Potential Donors' Donation Amounts
Authors: Zhao Jing , Pang Wenya
Published: January 2025

Donation‐based crowdfunding platforms have increasingly applied disclosure strategies to encourage potential donors to contribute. However, most existing research has not studied the efficacy of showing donors' information by considering the tie strength between the disclosed donors and potential donors. This research was intended to investigate the interactive effects of disclosing donors' information and the tie strength between disclosed and potential donors on potential donors' donation amounts, employing the conceptual frameworks of the we‐mode and I‐mode. Through three online between‐subject experiments (Ntotal = 801), we found that when there was a strong tie between disclosed and potential donors, the disclosure of donors' information led to a decrease in potential donors' donation amounts. The propensity to co‐represent contribution (i.e., the extent to which potential donors take into account the contributions from disclosed donors along with their own as a joint contribution to a donation‐based crowdfunding project) drove the process. Moreover, we also confirmed the boundary condition of recipient type. When the recipient was a group (vs. individual), the negative effect of the propensity to co‐represent contribution on the donation amount was reversed, resulting in the disclosure of donation information from strong‐tie contacts boosting the donation amounts of potential donors. The results challenged the intuition that disclosing social information always increased individuals' donation amounts and complemented the empirical evidence of the negative impact of social information disclosure.
Anti‐Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteriophage Loaded Electrospun Fibers for Antibacterial Wound Dressings
Authors: Ju Tian , Li Jixuan , Weston Andrew , Satta Giovanni , Bolognini Sara , Di Luca Mariagrazia , Gaisford Simon , Williams Gareth R.
Published: January 2025

Antimicrobial resistance poses a growing threat to public health globally. Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa is detected in many infected wounds and is very challenging to treat with antibiotics. An alternative to antibiotics is to use bacteriophages, highly specific viruses able to kill even resistant bacteria. This work incorporates anti‐P. aeruginosa Neko phages into monoaxial and coaxial electrospun fibers to explore their potential for treating infected wounds. Phages are blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and either processed directly into fibers or used as the core in coaxial electrospinning with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and PVP/ethyl cellulose (EC) shell solutions. Coaxial fibers stored at −20 °C show promising stability results, with negligible phage titer loss after 6 months of storage. Phage release can be controlled by varying the shell composition. Coaxial fibers with PVP as the shell (PVA/Su PVP + phage) demonstrate immediate release while fibers with PVP/EC as the shell (PVA/Su PVP/EC + phage) display extended‐release. The antibacterial efficacy of phage lysate and phage‐loaded fibers is studied by isothermal calorimetry and found to be unaffected by electrospinning. Thus, it appears that phage‐loaded electrospun fibers merit further investigation as potential wound dressing materials.
Investigations of Microstructures and Properties of SPEEK‐[BMIm][OTf] Ionic Liquid Composite Membrane for Fuel Cells
Authors: Yu Shute , Qin Lanlan , Miao Zhaohong , Zhou Jian
Published: January 2025

Utilizing ionic liquids in proton exchange membranes can greatly enhance the performance of fuel cells, enabling their application in high‐temperature and dry conditions. Further advancements in this field depend on a fundamental comprehension of their structural characteristics. This study focuses on the sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)‐1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate [BMIm][OTf] composite membrane system. Effects of sulfonation degree, ionic liquid content, and temperature on the structure and conductivity of the composite membrane are investigated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results show that [BMIm][OTf] is predominantly distributed around the sulfonic acid groups of SPEEK. At an optimal sulfonation degree and ionic liquid content, interconnected ionic liquid channels can be formed. Nevertheless, an excessively high sulfonation degree may jeopardize the stability of the membrane structure. Moreover, the aggregation of ionic liquid occurs at a high level of ionic liquid content, which hinders the efficient transfer of protons. Generally, increasing the temperature is more conducive to the formation of monodisperse ionic liquid channels within the SPEEK‐[BMIm][OTf] composite membrane; however, overhigh temperature may compromise the integrity of the composite membrane structure. The findings of this study offer molecular insights for the development of high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems.
The Impact of Subsidies on Pricing Decisions in the Battery Swapping Supply Chain Under the “Vehicle and Battery Separation” Model
Authors: Li Chao , Yuan Kai Fu
Published: January 2025

To explore the impact of various subsidies on the battery swapping industry under the “vehicle and battery separation” model, a supply chain comprising a battery manufacturer, a vehicle company, and a battery leasing company is constructed. Based on the no‐subsidy model, decision‐making models are developed for four scenarios that involve subsidizing different entities, including the customer, the battery manufacturer, the battery leasing company, and the vehicle company. Comparative analysis is then conducted. Results show that (1) subsidies do not invariably result in companies lowering prices for their products and services. Under various subsidy strategies, companies tend to adjust their pricing strategies for products and services according to the battery leasing time and the price sensitivity coefficient of battery swapping service. (2) Government subsidies to supply chain entities may not always effectively incentivize more companies to enter the battery swapping industry. Although direct subsidy to vehicle companies could encourage their participation, promoting the involvement of battery manufacturers and leasing companies through direct subsidies may have limited effectiveness. This limitation arises because the optimal profit among various strategies is influenced by factors such as the price sensitivity coefficient of battery swapping service and the battery swapping operating cost sharing ratio. (3) To advance the demand for battery‐swapping vehicles, enhance consumer surplus, and maximize social welfare, the government may prioritize subsidizing vehicle companies. However, when aiming to boost the demand for battery swapping service, the government should consider the level of price sensitivity coefficient of battery swapping service. Specifically, when the price sensitivity coefficient of battery swapping service is low, continuing to subsidize vehicle companies may be advisable. Conversely, when the price sensitivity coefficient is high, it may be more effective to provide subsidies to consumers or battery manufacturers.
Wideband Circularly Polarized Multimode Horn Array Antenna Using Single Layer E‐Plane Waveguide Sequential Feeding Network
Authors: Chen Zhi Xing , Farahbakhsh Ali , Lin Jiahao , Su Huafeng , Zhang Xiu Yin
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a 4×4 array antenna based on multi‐mode horn elements and sequential feeding network. The multi‐mode horn antenna is a structure that can suppress grating lobes and side lobe levels by excitation and combining different modes of electromagnetic wave radiation. The sequential feeding network is a technique that can generate circularly polarized radiation from linearly polarized elements by arranging them in a square array with 90° rotations and feeding them with 90° phase difference. The proposed array antenna achieves wideband impedance matching and axial ratio performance, as well as high gain and low complexity. The array antenna operates from 9.9 to 12.6 GHz, with a maximum gain of 24.5 dBi at 11 GHz. The array antenna is fabricated using CNC milling and measured in an anechoic chamber. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, validating the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Tightly Coupled MIMO With Internal Self‐Decoupled E‐Shaped Design Arms for 5G Mobile Hand‐Set
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Gupta Sumit Kumar , Venkata Shivaprasad D. , Tripathi Shrivishal , Das Soma
Published: January 2025

The proposed article offered a closely packed circularly polarized MIMO antenna system for a 5G NR n48/n78 communication system. The design consists of an E‐shaped antenna with modified arms along with shorting pins, and the edge‐to‐edge distance between the radiator is 0.2 mm. The proposed design offers isolation from 15 dB(minimum) to 47.35 dB(maximum) in the range of 3.3 to 3.9 GHz with a peak gain of 4.2 dBi. The uniqueness of this design here is the surface current cancellation technique within the design space of this E‐shaped antenna, which decouples the radiators with high compaction and reduces complexities. To verify the design, the diversity parameters, efficiency, radiation pattern, in‐hand performance, and SAR (specific absorption rate) are calculated, and the results are in good agreement with the measured results. From the above analysis, we can conclude that the proposed closely packed circularly polarized MIMO design can be a good candidate for 5G mobile communication.
Heterogeneous adhesive bonding between different CFRPs and Al 7075 after different surface treatments: A study on the selective practical applicability of the resin pre‐coating (RPC) technique
Authors: Kundu Joydeep , Sethi Abhijeet , Mandal Santosh , Saha Partha
Published: January 2025

This study suggested the judicious application of the resin pre‐coating (RPC) technique during adhesive bonding. Electrochemical surface treatment (ECST) and ultrasonic chemical treatment (UCT) were done on the Al 7075 alloy. Subsequently heterogeneous adhesive bonding of the ECST‐processed and the UCT‐processed alloy with three different CFRPs, namely unidirectional (UD) CFRP, 4‐Harness Satin‐weaved (4HSW) CFRP, and plain‐weaved (PW) CFRP was investigated. ECST and UCT processes resulted in trench‐type surface structures and cavitation pits, respectively. After ECST, contact angles of deionized water and diiodomethane reduced drastically. The highest strengths for the adhesive joints with UD, 4HSW, and PW CFRPs were 28.50, 30.40, and 26.85 MPa, achieved respectively after 10 V ECST without RPC, 1 M UCT without RPC and 1 M UCT with RPC technique. Thin layer cohesive failure at the alloy interface (TLCF‐AI) respectively increased and decreased after application of the RPC technique on the ECST‐processed and the UCT‐processed alloy surface. RPC technique after ECST decreased the single lap shear strengths, whereas this after UCT increased the single lap shear strengths of the heterogeneous adhesive joints with all considered CFRPs. The effectiveness of the RPC technique depended on the combinations of adherend surface morphologies and adhesive properties.

Highlights

Judicious application of RPC technique during adhesive bonding was suggested.

ECST or UCT was done on Al 7075 before joining with UD, 4HSW, and PW CFRP.

ECST and UCT respectively caused trench‐type structures and cavitation pits.

RPC after ECST decreased adhesive joint strength and increased TLCF‐AI.

RPC after UCT increased adhesive joint strength and decreased TLCF‐AI.
Quality Evaluation of Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum From Different Districts in China Based on HPLC, Heracles NEO Ultrafast Gas‐Phase Electronic Nose, and FT‐NIR
Authors: Wang Sichen , Zhang Kewei , Gan Xiuqi , Ma Tianfei , Lu Tulin , Mao Chunqin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum, named as Pian Jianghuang (PJH) in China, is the decoction piece from the dried rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chenet C. Ling, has been used to relieve pain for many years in China. However, the qualities of PJH in different districts differ greatly due to their growing environments, which would affect their clinical applications.

Objective

To evaluate the qualities of PJH from different districts in China.

Methods

HPLC, Heracles NEO ultrafast gas‐phase electronic nose, and Fourier transform near‐infrared (FT‐NIR) spectroscopy were applied to estimate the qualities of PJH from different districts in China.

Results

By HPLC, the average contents of neocurdione, curdione, germacrone, and furanodiene were 0.203%, 0.151%, 0.022%, and 0.022% in Fujian (FJ); 0.447%, 0.786%, 0.298%, and 0.276% in Zhejiang (ZJ); 0.082%, 0.259%, 0.038%, and 0.019% in Yunnan (YN); 0.041%, 0.022%, 0.260%, and 0.024% in Guangxi (GX); and 0.026%, 0.091%, 0.260%, and 0.016% in Anhui (AH), respectively. By Heracles NEO ultrafast gas‐phase electronic nose, the unique odor components in PJH from FJ, YN, and GX were 1,2,4‐thiadiazole,5‐ethoxy‐3‐(trichloromethyl), 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoxaline, and 1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene, respectively, while ZJ and AH both contained two unique odor components, respectively: pentyl pentanoate and dill ether (ZJ), myrcene, and 2‐pentadecanone (AH). Moreover, PJH from above five districts could be discerned quickly by FT‐NIR.

Conclusion

The application of multidimensional analytical techniques in quality assessment of PJH from different districts in China would provide a new idea for quality control and geographical origin traceability of traditional Chinese materia medica.
Hierarchical Assembly of a Tetrameric Coiled‐Coil Into Cuboid Structures
Authors: Curtis Ryan W. , Nepal Manish , Nambiar Monessha , Jorgensen Michael D. , Chmielewski Jean
Published: January 2025

A tetrameric coiled‐coil peptide, TetNL, is used herein as a building block for hierarchical assembly into higher order structures. Assembly within phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) led to the rapid formation of micron‐sized fibers and cuboid structures, a process that could be shifted toward cuboid formation with agitation during the assembly process. Investigation of the packing of the cuboid assemblies by TEM demonstrated a regular banding pattern (4.6 nm) within the structures that was perpendicular to the length of the cuboids, a value that supports an end‐to end organization of the tetrameric coiled coils along the blocks. SWAXS analysis supports that the internal packing of the tetrameric coiled coil building blocks is a close‐packed hexagonal structure. These data represent an interesting comparison with a trimeric coiled coil peptide, TriNL, that forms hollow nanotubes with the same internal hexagonal packing. Modified TriNL has been used to generate numerous unique morphologies, and the data presented herein provide a distinct tetrameric building block that can also be exploited in this manner.
Industrialization of additive manufacturing
Authors: Kelbassa Ingomar , Beckmann Frank , Herzog Dirk , Bartsch Katharina , Jankowiak Mirco , Weber Julian Ulrich , Kohlwes Philipp , Imgrund Philipp , Prakash Vishnuu Jothi , Brück Matthias
Published: January 2025

Our world is constantly facing a wide variety of social challenges – currently, issues such as climate change, security, demographic change, and resource conservation are of significant importance and show an acute need for action. Disruptive technologies, among other things, are needed to tackle such problems. Additive manufacturing (AM) is regarded as the ‘game changer / paradigm shift’ technology for the digital, automated production of the future – as the key enabler of ‘Production 2.0’.
Quantum spectroscopy using entangled photons
Authors: Gora Wojciech
Published: January 2025

The field of quantum optics is undergoing massive growth, which is enabling a host of new applications within the field. The quantum nature of light allows us to push the limits of various techniques including, but not limited to, spectroscopy, interferometry, sensing and imaging. At the heart of these is a need for a reliable source of entangled photons. The quantum revolution is underpinned by ultrashort pulse duration lasers, and especially fiber lasers. Ultrafast fiber lasers provide reliable ultrashort pulse durations at an unprecedented price point.
Molecular Design and Theoretical Study on Dioxadiazine Energetic Compounds Involving Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Zhu Shuangfei , Li Yao , Yang Zixuan , Zheng Shufen , Zhang Shuhai , Liu Yang , Chen Yahong
Published: January 2025

The high nitrogen and high oxygen content of energetic dioxadiazine compounds makes them exhibit high detonation performance and good stability, showing possible application in both military and civilian fields. Energetic dioxadiazine compounds with intramolecular hydrogen bonds were designed and optimized, while introducing —NH2, —NHNO2, —CH3, —NO2, and —OH as modified groups. The bond order, density, enthalpy of formation, stability, detonation performance and inter/intramolecular interactions were analyzed. Results showed that the skeleton of 1,4,2,6‐dioxadiazine and 1,4,2,5‐dioxadiazine had good stability and symmetrical structure. Analysis of bond length revealed the strong hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group and dioxadiazine ring. The introduction of —NH2 and —OH groups proved beneficial in increasing molecular planarity. Bond order analysis, molecular electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis and detonation parameter calculations showed that B5 and C5 have good stability and detonation properties. Crystal structure prediction suggested that B5 would most likely crystallize in monoclinic (P21 space group) while C5 would crystallize in orthorhombic (Pbca space group). Hirshfeld surface analysis indicated strong O···H and N···H interactions for compounds B5 and C5. The above results have a positive promoting effect on obtaining high‐energy dioxadiazine compounds with high stability.
Molecular Docking and Dynamics Reveal the Potential of Limonene and β‐Linalool as Natural Fungicides against Mango Anthracnose Pathogen
Authors: Benatar Gilang Vaza , Nurhayati Yeyet , Ridwan Nur Fathurahman
Published: January 2025

The growing demand for sustainable mango production has driven the search for eco‐friendly alternatives to synthetic chemicals, leading to the exploration of plant‐based biofungicides. This study aims to identify and evaluate these biofungicides, focusing on their in‐silico toxicity and docking properties against the cutinase protein of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the pathogen responsible for mango anthracnose. Using computational methods, the potential toxicity of 14 phytochemical compounds was assessed to ensure their safety for nontarget organisms and the environment. Molecular docking simulations were conducted to examine the interaction between the compounds and the cutinase enzyme, a critical factor in the pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides. The results highlight the potential of certain phytochemicals, particularly limonene and β‐linalool as biofungicides, while also identifying areas for improvement in terms of toxicity and environmental impact. Molecular dynamics simulations were also conducted to examine the behavior of the protein–ligand complexes over time, revealing several key insights. The radius of gyration (Rg) analysis showed a slight increase in Rg values for both limonene and β‐linalool, suggesting moderate destabilization of the protein structure and indicating their potential as inhibitors. Additionally, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) analyses confirmed that while the compounds led to slight fluctuations in the protein structure, the overall stability, and integrity of the protein were maintained. The binding free energy calculations supported the hypothesis of these compounds acting as effective inhibitors of cutinase, potentially offering an eco‐friendly solution for controlling mango anthracnose.
[3 + 2] Cycloaddition Synthesis of New (Chromene‐1,3,4‐Oxadiazole) Hybrids Linked to Pyrazole Units as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed A. M. , Mekky Ahmed E. M. , Sanad Sherif M. H.
Published: January 2025

A lot of interest has been gained recently in developing novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that can alleviate Alzheimer's symptoms. In the current study, we aimed to explore AChE inhibitory activity of new chromenes attached to 1,3,4‐oxadiazole and/or pyrazole units. The new hybrids were obtained via [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between the appropriate chromene‐based enaminones and hydrazonyl chlorides. The inhibition percentages of the new products against AChE were recorded at tested concentrations of 15 and 25 µM compared to donepezil. 3‐(3‐Acetyl‐1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbonyl)‐6‐(((5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)thio)methyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one displayed promising activity with inhibition percentages of 73.2 and 87.3, respectively, at the aforementioned concentrations. Moreover, the previous hybrid gave promising 2,2‐diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibitory activity using the reference ascorbic acid. It had an inhibition percentage of 86.6 at a tested concentration of 25 µM.
Antisemitism on Campus in the Wake of October 7: Examining Stress, Coping, and Depressive Symptoms Among Jewish Students
Authors: Morstead Talia , DeLongis Anita
Published: January 2025

The Hamas‐led terrorist attacks in Israel on October 7, 2023, were an inflection point that spurred a global rise in antisemitism. College and university campuses were particularly affected. Given the adverse impacts of prejudice and discrimination for mental health and the dearth of research on psychosocial effects of antisemitism, examining stress, coping, and mental health among Jewish students within this context is crucial. In this study, we used longitudinal data and multilevel modelling in the months after the events of October 7 to examine within‐ and between‐person effects of antisemitism‐related stress, stress associated with the Israel‐Palestine conflict, and approach and avoidance coping on depressive symptoms among a sample of 253 Jewish college and university students. Within‐person results indicated that increases from one's usual level of antisemitism‐related stress and stress attributable to the Israel‐Palestine conflict were independently associated with heightened depressive symptoms. Increased use of avoidance coping was also associated with heightened depressive symptoms, whereas the inverse was true for approach coping which had a protective effect. Similar effects were observed at the between‐person level. Results from the present work draw attention to both the potentially detrimental effects of stress associated with antisemitism, but also highlight coping as a target for intervention to potentially combat such effects. The findings also point to a path forward where campuses can remain open areas of inquiry by fostering resilience at both the community and individual level.
Highly Efficient CdTe Thin‐Film Solar Cells Fabricated by Pre‐Oxidized CdSeTe Sources
Authors: Cai Yanbo , Qu Siyu , Chen Yulin , Jiang Hongxu , Yang Qing , Wang Deliang
Published: January 2025

Selenium alloying into a CdTe thin‐film solar cell absorber has been one of the most significant advances in CdTe solar cell fabrication over the last decade. Oxygen plays a critical role in the CdSeTe deposition process, mainly to increase Se concentration in as‐deposited CdSeTe films. However, it is hard to fabricate CdSeTe films with controllable Se concentration in a deposition chamber, which is usually filled with a certain atmosphere of O2. In this work, we propose an alternative technique for Se alloying in CdSeTe films, that is, to pre‐oxidize CdSeTe powder sources and then fabricate CdSeTe films in a O2‐free deposition chamber. The oxides formed on the oxidized CdSeTe source surface effectively suppress Te sublimation and hence increase Se concentration in the CdSeTe films. Furthermore, the presence of nonequilibrium, metastable hexagonal CdSeTe phase enhances Se incorporation into the CdTe films. The experimental results presented in this study demonstrate that using pre‐oxidized CdSeTe powder source is a promising technique to control Se element in the form of graded distribution in highly efficient CdSeTe/CdTe thin‐film solar cells. The highest cell efficiency achieved in this study is 16.4%.
Anomaly Detection of Cyber Attacks in Smart Grid Communications Based on Residual Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Yu Long , Zhang Xirun , Du Lishi , Yue Liang
Published: January 2025

The smart grid consists of widely distributed devices, and the complex, multitiered communication network structure increases its vulnerability to attacks. Attackers can exploit communication vulnerabilities between layers to launch network attacks. To optimize communication among smart grid devices and improve the accuracy of detecting network anomalies, this article proposes a deep learning‐based method for detecting communication network anomalies in power grid devices. Data from standard sources, such as smart meters, are collected, and the modified flow direction algorithm (MFDA) is employed for optimal weighted feature selection. The selected features are then input into an adaptive residual recurrent neural network (ARRNN) with dilated gated recurrent units (DGRUs) for anomaly detection, improving the accuracy of abnormal traffic monitoring in the smart grid. Simulation results show significant improvements in key performance indicators, with the false discovery rate (FDR) reduced to 0.060, the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) reaching 0.881, and specificity, recall, and precision all at 0.940. Large‐scale data experiments demonstrate outstanding performance in terms of memory usage, computational speed, and latency. This method proves to be effective and robust for communication anomaly detection in power grid networks.
Understanding the Dehumanization Associated With Extreme Cost Cutting
Authors: Kranzow Jeannine , Foote Stephanie M.
Published: January 2025

Higher education institutions are facing challenging fiscal environments that require an examination of practices from the perspective of efficiency and effectiveness. While many institutions have taken similar approaches to resolving budgetary predicaments, examining the effect of these decisions on students should be one of the first considerations when evaluating a budget cut or shift in educational practice. This chapter explores the impact of extreme cost‐cutting in the academy through a lens of dehumanization in an effort to identify the ways in which student learning and success are impacted. The chapter concludes with considerations for those in higher education leadership.
Identification and characterization of a novel QTL for barley yellow mosaic disease resistance from bulbous barley
Authors: Hong Yi , Zhou Hui , Zhang Mengna , Zhang Yuhang , Zhu Juan , Lv Chao , Guo Baojian , Wang Feifei , Li Qingliang , Sun Jie , Xu Rugen
Published: January 2025

Winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) production areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are severely threatened by barley yellow mosaic disease, which is caused by Barley yellow mosaic virus and Barley mild mosaic virus. Improving barley disease resistance in breeding programs requires knowledge of genetic loci in germplasm resources. In this study, bulked segregant analysis (BSA) identified a novel major quantitative trait loci (QTL) QRym.ZN1‐7H for barley yellow mosaic disease resistance in an F2 population derived from the cross between “Nongke 1–6” (H. vulgare) and “Zaoshu 3” (H. vulgare). This QTL, originating from bulbous barley (Hordeum bulbosum), demonstrated stability and was further validated in another F2 population derived from the cross between “Nongke 2–6” (H. vulgare) and “Supi 1” (H. vulgare). QRym.ZN1‐7H accounted for 10.61%–19.34% of the phenotypic variance. The QTL was further fine mapped to the 14‐ to 39‐Mb interval on barley chromosome 7H. Transcriptome analysis identified 53 and 35 differentially expressed genes in roots and leaves (at QRym.ZN1‐7H locus), respectively, with nine genes differentially expressing in both tissues. HORVU.MOREX.r3.7HG0650990, a member of the disease resistance protein family (NBS‐LRR class), is the most likely candidate gene for QRym.ZN1‐7H. Enrichment analysis indicated that QRym.ZN1‐7H may be involved in signal transduction in plant innate immune response. This study laid a foundation for barley disease resistance breeding.
Allometric Growth of Non‐Carcass Components, Carcass Cuts and Hind Limb Tissues in Kivircik Lambs Finished Under Concentrate‐ and Pasture‐Based Systems
Authors: Yalcintan Hulya , Kecici Pembe Dilara , Ekiz Bulent
Published: January 2025

Background

Obtaining information about the growth rates of animals’ organs and tissues can help understand their meat production potential and determine the ideal slaughter weight (SW).

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the effects of production system and SW on the allometric growth of the non‐carcass components, carcass cuts, and hind limb tissues of Kivircik lambs.

Methods

A total of 54 single‐born male lambs were randomly allocated into production systems (concentrate‐ and pasture‐based) and SW groups: 25–26 kg (LOW), 30–31 kg (MEDIUM), and 35–36 kg (HIGH). The data for weights of non‐carcass components, carcass cuts and hind limb tissues were analysed using General Linear Model (GLM). The allometric growth of non‐carcass components, carcass cuts and hind limb tissues was estimated using the nonlinear allometric equation (Y = aXb).

Results

The mean of carcass components increased linearly with SW (p < 0.05). Similar omental–mesenteric fat, kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF), back fat thickness, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat and total fat levels were observed in the different SW groups in a pasture‐based system (p > 0.05). Carcass cuts and hind limb fat tissues show late development (b > 1) in the concentrated system. Development of subcutaneous fat and total fat was late maturing (b > 1) in the pasture‐based system. Allometric growth of KKCF, subcutaneous fat and total fat was rapid.

Conclusion

If more carcass weight is desired from Kivircik lambs in the concentrated production system, they should be slaughtered at higher weights than the HIGH group. Continuing to fatten pasture‐based lambs after 30–31 kg may result in fatty carcasses.
A Stable Porous Framework for Efficient Storage of C2–C3 Hydrocarbons
Authors: Zhu Yongqin , Meng Xiang , Yang Jinghong , Ji Zhenyu , Zhou Yunzhe , Wu Mingyan
Published: January 2025

Since hydrocarbons have been widely used in industrial production, it is particularly important to prepare stable and efficient crystalline porous materials for gas storage. Metal‐organic frameworks are an excellent kind of gas storage materials because of their high void volumes, adjustable pore structures, and excellent specific surface areas. Here, a stable framework (FJI‐W‐Ni) with a high Bruner–Emmet–Teller surface area (1511 m2 g−1) is reported, which has high‐density N/O/F atoms in the pore. FJI‐W‐Ni can not only maintain its skeleton in various organic solvents but also remain stable at high temperatures, which can be demonstrated by powder X‐ray diffraction patterns. In addition, single‐component gas adsorption tests show that FJI‐W‐Ni has high adsorption capacity of C2–C3 hydrocarbons at 298 K and 1 atm. For example, the saturated adsorption capacity of acetylene (C2H2) and allylene (C3H4) can reach 124.56 and 175.84 cm3 g−1, respectively.
Effective Polaron Dynamics of an Impurity Particle Interacting with a Fermi Gas
Authors: Hoang Duc Viet , Pickl Peter
Published: January 2025

We study the quantum dynamics of a homogeneous ideal Fermi gas coupled to an impurity particle on a three-dimensional box with periodic boundary condition. For large Fermi momentum

$$k_{\text {F}}$$

k
F

, we prove that the effective dynamics is generated by a Fröhlich-type polaron Hamiltonian, which linearly couples the impurity particle to an almost-bosonic excitation field. Moreover, we prove that the effective dynamics can be approximated by an explicit coupled coherent state. Our method is applicable to a range of interaction couplings, in particular including interaction couplings of order 1 and time scales of the order

$$k_{\text {F}}^{-1}$$

k

F

-
1

.
Etablierung und Umsetzung des Nationalen Aktionsplans Gesundheitskompetenz in Deutschland
Authors: Schaeffer Doris , Griese Lennert , Hurrelmann Klaus
Published: January 2025

Studien zur Gesundheitskompetenz in Deutschland haben bereits vor gut zehn Jahren darauf hingewiesen, dass die Gesundheitskompetenz der Bevölkerung gering ist. Dies war der Anlass für eine Initiative ausgewiesener Expert:innen, einen „Nationalen Aktionsplan Gesundheitskompetenz (NAP-GK)“ für Deutschland nach dem Vorbild anderer Länder zu erarbeiten. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Entstehung und Erarbeitung des Aktionsplans in Deutschland dargestellt. Es folgt ein Überblick über die dabei durchgeführten Arbeitsschritte und den Inhalt des Aktionsplans. Anschließend wird die Umsetzungsstrategie mit den drei Schritten Diffusion, Dissemination und Implementation dargelegt. In der abschließenden Bilanz werden die Wirkungen des Plans erörtert und die Umsetzungsstrategie kritisch reflektiert. Insgesamt konnten zahlreiche Impulse zum Agenda-Setting und zur Förderung von Gesundheitskompetenz gesetzt werden. Als Herausforderung bleibt eine nachhaltige Interventionsentwicklung zur Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz begleitet durch systematische Forschung.
Tödlicher mechanischer Ileus bei Ladd-Deformität
Authors: Holzer Anna , Graw M. , Schwerer M. , Sessler M. , Hartung B.
Published: January 2025

Die Malrotation des Darmes ist eine seltene, kongenitale Anomalie, die sich meist im Neugeborenenalter und vereinzelt auch zu späteren Zeitpunkten mit Zeichen des Ileus klinisch manifestieren kann. Todesfälle im Zusammenhang mit Ladd-Bändern sind in der Literatur bislang nicht beschrieben. Wir präsentieren den Fall eines 5‑jährigen Jungen, der an den Folgen eines mechanischen Ileus durch die Einklemmung einer Dünndarmschlinge unter einem Ladd-Band verstorben ist. Die Therapie der Wahl – u. a. eine operative Spaltung des Bandes – konnte nicht zuletzt aufgrund einer Fehleinschätzung des Zustandsbildes durch den Rettungsdienst nicht mehr durchgeführt werden.
Exploring Tetraselmis chui microbiomes—functional metagenomics for novel catalases and superoxide dismutases
Authors: Macdonald Jascha F. H. , Han Yuchen , Astafyeva Yekaterina , Bergmann Lutgardis , Gurschke Marno , Dirksen Philipp , Blümke Patrick , Schneider Yannik K. H. , Alawi Malik , Lippemeier Sebastian , Andersen Jeanette H. , Krohn Ines
Published: January 2025

The focus on microalgae for applications in several fields, e.g. resources for biofuel, the food industry, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, biotechnology, and healthcare, has gained increasing attention over the last decades. In this study, we investigate the microbiome of the cultured microalga Tetraselmis chui (T. chui) to highlight their potential for health benefits. In this context, biomolecules like antioxidants play a crucial role in the well-being of living organisms as they metabolise harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) to reduce oxidative stress. Impaired processing of ROS leads to damaged cells and increases the risk of cancer, inflammatory diseases, and diabetes, among others. Here, we identify, characterise, and test bacterial antioxidants derived from the T. chui microbiome metagenome dataset. We identified 258 genes coding for proteins with potential antioxidant activity. Of those, four novel enzymes are expressed and identified as two superoxide dismutases (SOD), TcJM_SOD2 and TcIK_SOD3, and two catalases (CAT), TcJM_CAT2 and TcIK_CAT3. Extensive analyses characterised all implemented enzymes as active even in concentrations down to 25 ng*ml−1 for the SODs and 15 ng*ml−1 for the CATs. Furthermore, sequence-based analyses assign TcJM_SOD2 and TcIK_SOD3 to iron superoxide dismutases (Fe SODs) and TcJM_CAT2 and TcIK_CAT3 to heme-containing catalases. These candidates are phylogenetically classified within the phylum Pseudomonadota. Regarding the biotechnological potential, a toxicity assay did not indicate any harmful effects. The introduced enzymes may benefit medical applications and expand the potential of microalgae microbiomes.

Key points

• Omics-based discoveries of antioxidant enzymes from Tetraselmis chui microbiome

• Two superoxide dismutases and two catalases are identified and tested for activity

• Enzyme sensitivity highlights biotechnological potential of microalgae microbiomes
Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 polymorphisms associated with severe-spectrum hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Chen Tracy , Baldauf Claire E. , Gill Kevin S. , Ingles Sue Ann , Pickering Trevor A. , Wilson Melissa L.
Published: January 2025

Background

sFLT-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HDP. We aimed to examine the role of maternal and fetal polymorphisms in risk of HDP and severe-spectrum disease.

Methods

Cases of HDP (143) and controls (169) from mother-baby dyads were recruited at the Los Angeles County Women’s and Children’s Hospital (WCH). Cases of severe disease (99) and controls (31) from mother-father-baby triads were recruited through HELLP syndrome websites. Four sFLT-1 SNPs (rs7993594, rs3751395, rs7983774, and rs664393) were genotyped. Data was analyzed using a log-linear regression model in the Haplin package in R.

Results

Maternal double dose of the A allele (rs7993594) exhibited a nominally significant increased risk of HDP (RR = 3.52, 95% CI 1.08, 11.20). In the severe-spectrum cohort, a marginally significant protective effect among mothers carrying infants with a single dose of the A allele (rs7993594) was observed (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.36, 0.98) and double-dose maternal carriage of the G-t-G-G haplotype increased risk of severe disease (RR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.22, 13.80).

Conclusion

The maternal rs7993594 A allele appears to be associated with increased risk of HDP. Double-dose maternal carriage of the G-t-G-G haplotype increased risk of severe disease whereas the fetal rs7983774 A allele appears to be associated with decreased risk.
Real-world impact of intrathecal baclofen therapy: the benefits of neteka on patient outcomes, caregiver burden, and cost efficiency
Authors: D’Ercole Manuela , Burattini Benedetta , D’Alessandris Quintino Giorgio , Fuggetta Maria Filomena , Pambianco Francesco , Annunziata Francesca , Izzo Alessandro , Montano Nicola
Published: January 2025

Background

Intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB) is a well-established treatment modality for severe spasticity, but it is burdened by the need for periodic pump refills. The introduction of a new formulation of baclofen with an extended stability of 180 days (Neteka, Nordic Group BV) could decrease the frequency of refills. We aimed at analyzing the clinical and economic impact of Neteka introduction in our outpatient facility.

Methods

Forty-eight patients with an implanted device for intrathecal baclofen infusion, who shifted from standard baclofen to Neteka, were included in the present study. We collected clinical and refilling data both from pre-Neteka and Neteka timeframes.

Results

In patients treated with baclofen 2 mg/ml (45/48, 93.8%), the introduction of Neteka led to a significant decrease of median number of refills per year (2.7 vs. 4 in pre-Neteka timeframe, p < 0.0001). This resulted in an improved quality of life, as shown by the reduction of Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale score both for time and difficulty of caregiving (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0003, respectively). Furthermore, a median saving of 302.40 euro per year per patient, as compared to pre-Neteka timeframe, was registered. Similar results were obtained in the smaller cohort treated with baclofen 0.5 mg/ml (3/48, 6.3%). Neteka appreciation rate was high. As expected, no changes in clinical effectiveness of ITB therapy were observed by comparing pre-Neteka and Neteka timeframes.

Conclusions

The extended half-life provided by Neteka, by reducing the number of refills, could improve patient quality of life, enhance caregiver satisfaction, and decrease the financial burden on healthcare system.
Sustainable adaptation of commercial inland fishing?—Lessons learnt from subarctic Lake Inari, Finland
Authors: Turunen Minna T. , Rasmus Sirpa , Montonen Marja , Salonen Erno , Lehtonen Ilari
Published: January 2025

We studied commercial fishers’ observations and experience-based knowledge in combination with long-term monitoring data in order to gain a holistic view of the adaptation of fishers to climate change and other drivers on Lake Inari. Fishers’ main sustainability concerns included degradation of the environment, overfishing, and lack of decision-making power. The fishery and fishing have changed due to increased water temperature and lake productivity; the open-water period has become longer and winter fishing season shorter and spring-spawning species, such as pike and perch, have become more common. Fishers’ responses to reduce risks and cope with future uncertainty included both long- and short-term adaptation—achieved through diversification, flexibility, innovation, and mobility. The responses of fishers to multiple changes are variable and based on individual rather than community behavior. We argue that diverse fishing strategies support the adaptation capacity and sustainability of commercial fishing. Sustainable adaptation of commercial inland fisheries could be further enhanced by better monitoring of the hydrology and fishery, by supporting social relations and communication, and through decision-making based on both scientific and fishers’ knowledge.
Fast frequency and phase synchronization of high-stability oscillators with 1 PPS signal from satellite navigation systems
Authors: Kubczak Paweł , Jessa Mieczysław , Kasznia Michał
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for fast frequency and phase synchronization of high-stability oscillators synchronized with 1 PPS signal from satellite navigation systems. The algorithm uses a model of a control object in the space of state variables and controls the frequency of an oscillator operating in a phase-locked loop. A new element is the introduction to the theoretical analysis and the design process, the time of entering synchronization. Currently, the literature lacks theoretical analysis and design methodology that considers the impact of the synchronization time on the choice of the steering algorithm and its parameters. All the data needed to determine the numerical values of the model were found experimentally for three different classes of control objects. Short synchronization times, a detailed description of the design methodology, and the use of values measured in the real system distinguish the proposed algorithm from the solutions described in the literature. The effect of optimization was achieved thanks to the algorithm’s two-stage operation. In the first stage, the algorithm aims to minimize the phase error quickly. The best solution for this stage is Sliding Mode Control (SMC). In the second stage, the algorithm strives to maximize the control quality, understood as minimizing the values of Maximum Time Interval Error (MTIE) and Time Deviation (TDEV). The Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Linear-Quadratic Regulator (LQR) optimal control algorithms were used at this stage. The paper also investigated the influence of the tuning parameters of these algorithms (weights as a function of cost) on the long-term behavior of the control system.
Short- and long-term optimality under sustainable threats in Contest Theory models of advertising and short-run competition
Authors: Joosten Reinoud , Harmelink Rogier , Sparrius Thom
Published: January 2025

We model advertising with effects on different time scales for a duopoly in imperfect substitutes using elements from Contest Theory. Firms additionally compete in a short-run strategic variable, here price or quantity, allowing simultaneous or sequential decisions, or collusion in endogenously changing stage games. Strategic variables range from ‘slow’ (advertising), over ‘moderate’ (quantities) to ‘fast’ (prices). We find feasible rewards and equilibria for the limiting average reward criterion. Uniqueness of equilibrium is not guaranteed, and we introduce two criteria which act as natural refinements. We impose stage-game rationality, i.e., the firms play optimally in each stage game. Furthermore, in establishing threats, we require that punishment is sustainable, i.e., the punisher must have nonnegative long term average own profits to avoid bankruptcy.
Privacy constrained fairness estimation for decision trees
Authors: van der Steen Florian , Vink Fré , Kaya Heysem
Published: January 2025

The protection of sensitive data becomes more vital, as data increases in value and potency. Furthermore, the pressure increases from regulators and society on model developers to make their Artificial Intelligence (AI) models non-discriminatory. To boot, there is a need for interpretable, transparent AI models for high-stakes tasks. In general, measuring the fairness of any AI model requires the sensitive attributes of the individuals in the dataset, thus raising privacy concerns. In this work, the trade-offs between fairness (in terms of Statistical Parity (SP)), privacy (quantified with a budget), and interpretability are further explored in the context of Decision Trees (DTs) as intrinsically interpretable models. We propose a novel method, dubbed Privacy-Aware Fairness Estimation of Rules (PAFER), that can estimate SP in a Differential Privacy (DP)-aware manner for DTs. Our method is the first to assess algorithmic fairness on a rule-level, providing insight into sources of discrimination for policy makers. DP, making use of a third-party legal entity that securely holds this sensitive data, guarantees privacy by adding noise to the sensitive data. We experimentally compare several DP mechanisms. We show that using the Laplacian mechanism, the method is able to estimate SP with low error while guaranteeing the privacy of the individuals in the dataset with high certainty. We further show experimentally and theoretically that the method performs better for those DTs that humans generally find easier to interpret.

Graphical abstract
In situ characterisation of dynamic fracture in $$Al_2O_3$$ using ultra-fast X-ray phase contrast radioscopy: effects of porosity and crack speed
Authors: Henry Q. , Kopp J.-B. , Le Barbenchon L. , Girardot J. , Lukić B. , Cohen A. , Cosculluela A. , Viot P.
Published: January 2025

The dynamic fracture properties of porous ceramics were studied using single bunch synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging. The modified brazilian geometry was used to initiate and propagate a pure mode I crack. The specimen was compressed using the Split Hopkinson bars at strain rates of the order of

$$10^2$$

10
2

 s

$$^{-1}$$

-
1

. Main cracks were isolated for four different grades of

$$Al_2O_3$$

A

l
2

O
3

, one dense alumina, and three porous grades with

$$20~\%$$

20

%

to

$$60~\%$$

60

%

porosity. The maximum measured crack velocities for three grades is of the order of

$$0.6c_R$$

0.6

c
R

and

$$0.4c_R$$

0.4

c
R

for the most porous. The fracture energy was estimated using a FE numerical simulation to quantify the influence of inertial effects induced by crack propagation. The results show that these inertial effects are far from negligible (up to

$$80~\%$$

80

%

of the stored energy) and that the dynamic correction factors known from the literature tend to overestimate the fracture energy. The values obtained vary from 22 J/m

$$^2$$

2

for the densest to 5 J/m

$$^2$$

2

for the most porous.