bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunization of Preterm Infants With 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Authors: Omeñaca Félix , Merino Jose Manuel , Tejedor Juan-Carlos , Constantopoulos Andreas , Papaevangelou Vassiliki , Kafetzis Dimitrios , Tsirka Antigoni , Athanassiadou Fani , Anagnostakou Marina , François Nancy , Borys Dorota , Schuerman Lode
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:

The safety and immunogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in preterm infants were assessed in this study.

METHODS:

Three parallel groups of infants received 3-dose primary immunization with PHiD-CV at 2, 4, and 6 months of age and a booster dose at 16 to 18 months: preterm I (gestation period ≥ 27 and <31 weeks, N = 50); preterm II (≥31 and <37 weeks, N = 87); and term (≥37 weeks, N = 149). Solicited symptoms and adverse events were recorded. Immune responses to PHiD-CV and coadministered vaccine antigens were measured.

RESULTS:

The incidence of solicited general symptoms was similar across groups, and the frequency of grade 3 general symptoms was low. Incidences of redness and swelling were generally lower in preterm infants. PHiD-CV was immunogenic for each of the 10 vaccine pneumococcal serotypes (postprimary, ≥92.7% of infants reached enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody concentrations ≥ 0.2 μg/mL and postbooster, ≥97.6%) and for protein D, with a trend for lower postprimary geometric mean antibody concentrations and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers in preterm infants for some pneumococcal serotypes. Postbooster, ≥91.9% of subjects in each group had an OPA titer ≥ 8 for each of the vaccine serotypes. Pneumococcal antibody concentrations and OPA titers after priming and booster vaccination were comparable between the 2 preterm groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

PHiD-CV was well tolerated and immunogenic in preterm infants when given as a 3-dose primary vaccination, with robust enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody and OPA booster responses in the second year of life.
Dermatophytid in Tinea Capitis: Rarely Reported Common Phenomenon With Clinical Implications
Authors: Cheng Nancy , Rucker Wright Dakara , Cohen Bernard A.
Published: July 2011

Tinea capitis may be associated with a dermatophytid, which appears as a disseminated eczematous eruption. This phenomenon may occur before or after initiation of systemic antifungal drug therapy and is not an indication for stopping medication. We present here a series of cases that involve 5 children with tinea capitis who developed a dermatophytid before or during the course of their management. In each child, the eruption resolved despite continuation of oral antifungal therapy. Our experience suggests that dermatophytid secondary to tinea capitis is much more common than reported. Furthermore, parents and clinicians frequently mistake dermatophytid for drug allergy. Recognition of this phenomenon, distinction of dermatophytid from drug allergy, and continuation of systemic treatment is essential for clearing the infection and dermatophytid.
Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis After Moderate Therapeutic Hypothermia in Neonates
Authors: Strohm Brenda , Hobson Anna , Brocklehurst Peter , Edwards A. David , Azzopardi Denis
Published: July 2011

Therapeutic moderate hypothermia in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is rapidly becoming standard clinical practice. We report here 12 cases of subcutaneous fat necrosis among 1239 cases registered with a national registry of newborns treated with moderate whole-body hypothermia. All the infants suffered from perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Moderate-to-severe hypercalcemia was identified in 8 of 10 infants with blood calcium measurements. In all cases the skin lesions appeared after completion of the cooling treatment. Our data suggest that prolonged moderate hypothermia is an actual risk factor for subcutaneous fat necrosis. Because the lesions often develop several days after birth, physicians need to be aware of this condition as a possible complication in infants treated with moderate hypothermia after asphyxia. Blood calcium levels need to be monitored in affected infants.
Use of Osteotomes for Implant Bed Preparation—Effect on Material Properties of Bone and Primary Implant Stability
Authors: Krafft Tim , Graef Friedrich , Winter Werner , Wichmann Manfred , Karl Matthias
Published: July 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of osteotomes in enhancing bone quality as compared to conventional implant bed preparation using burrs. Polyurethane foam blocks differing in density (10 pcf, 20 pcf) and structure (cellular, solid) were used. Ten implant sockets were prepared in each of the materials by means of drilling and by using osteotomes. Bone quality was assessed by measuring implant insertion torque and primary implant stability (resonance frequency analysis). Additionally, a newly designed device (BoneProbe) for bone quality testing during dental implant surgery based on intraoperative compressive tests was applied. Multivariate analysis of variance with Pillai's trace was used as test statistic (level of significance: α = 0.05) and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for all combinations of parameters. Whereas a significant influence of bone type on all measurement results (P = 0) could be found, the factor preparation technique only showed a significant effect on BoneProbe measurements in the cortical area (P = 0) and on implant insertion torque (P = 0). The interaction of bone type and preparation technique showed a significant effect on BoneProbe measurements in the trabecular area (P = .002) and on implant insertion torque (P = 0). Significant correlations between all parameters were found. The application of osteotomes leads to higher values for compressive testing of bone in the apical part of an osteotomy depending on the initial density of the bone. Intraoperative compressive testing appears to be sensitive enough for quantifying localized changes in bone quality.
Orthodontic Considerations in Restorative Management of Hypodontia Patients With Endosseous Implants
Authors: Borzabadi-Farahani Ali
Published: July 2011

The use of implant-supported restorations in patients with hypodontia remains challenging and requires a multistage treatment that begins in late mixed dentition and continues into late adolescence. The aim of this article is to review the role of orthodontics in endosseous implant rehabilitation of patients with hypodontia. The MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane databases, and necessary scientific textbooks were searched for relevant studies and reviews, and as far as possible, they were only included if they had been cited at least once in the literature. Dental implants are susceptible to overloading as the periodontal ligament is absent and the proprioceptive nerve endings are either lacking or very limited. Patients with hypodontia may present with skeletal features such as short and retrognathic maxilla, prognathic mandible, and shorter lower anterior facial height, and they sometimes need orthognathic correction as part of their overall treatment. Dental problems vary and include bimaxillary retroclination of incisors, spacing, centerline discrepancies, microdontia, hypoplastic enamels, ankylosis of the retained primary teeth, overeruptions, and volume deficiencies of alveolar ridges. The challenges mentioned, as well as bone volume deficiencies, compromise the successful placement of implants. Orthodontic strategies and techniques, such as uprighting mechanics, extrusion/intrusion, delayed space opening, and orthodontic implant site-switching, can be used to create, preserve, or augment the implant site. After orthodontic site development, the final planned position of the teeth should be maintained with a rigid bonded retainer; overlooking this stage may compromise the implant site and require orthodontic retreatment.
Experimental investigations on an axial grooved cryogenic heat pipe
Authors: Senthil Kumar , Senthil Kumar
Published: July 2011

This paper deals with development and studies of a trapezoidal axial grooved
nitrogen heat pipe. A special liquid nitrogen cryostat has been designed and
developed for evaluating the performance of heat pipe where the condenser
portion is connected to the cold sink externally. Experiments have been
performed on the heat pipe as well as on an equivalent diameter copper rod at
different heat loads. The steady state performance of the heat pipe is
compared with that of copper rod.
Heat transfer from a rotating circular cylinder in the steady regime: Effects of Prandtl number
Authors: Sharma Varun , Dhiman Kumar
Published: July 2011

In this work, effects of Prandtl number on the heat transfer characteristics
of an unconfined rotating circular cylinder are investigated for varying
rotation rate (? = 0 - 5) in the Reynolds number range 1 - 35 and Prandtl
numbers range 0.7 - 100 in the steady flow regime. The numerical calculations
are carried out by using a finite volume method based commercial CFD solver
FLUENT. The isotherm patterns are presented for varying values of Prandtl
number and rotation rate in the steady regime. The variation of the local and
the average Nusselt numbers with Reynolds number, Prandtl number and rotation
rate are presented for the above range of conditions. The average Nusselt
number is found to decrease with increasing value of the rotation rate for
the fixed value of the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. With increasing value of
the Prandtl number, the average Nusselt number increases for the fixed value
of the rotation rate and the Reynolds number; however, the larger values of
the Prandtl numbers show a large reduction in the value of the average
Nusselt number with increasing rotation rate.
Flow of a second grade fluid with convective boundary conditions
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Shehzad Sabir , Qasim Muhammad , Obaidat Saleem
Published: July 2011

The flow and heat transfer in a second grade fluid over a stretching sheet
subjected to convective boundary conditions are investegated. Similarity
transformations have been used for the reduction of partial differential
equation into the ordinary differential. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) has
been utilized for the series solutions. Graphical results are displayed and
analyzed. Computations for local Nusselt number have been carried out.
Practical data correlation of flashpoints of binary mixtures by a reciprocal function: The concept and numerical examples
Authors: Hristova Mariana , Damgaliev Dimitar , Hristov Jordan
Published: July 2011

Simple data correlation of flashpoint data of binary mixture has been
developed on a basic of rational reciprocal function. The new approximation
requires has only two coefficients and needs the flashpoint temperature of
the pure flammable component to be known. The approximation has been tested
by literature data concerning aqueous-alcohol solution and compared to
calculations performed by several thermodynamic models predicting flashpoint
temperatures. The suggested approximation provides accuracy comparable and to
some extent better than that of the thermodynamic methods.
Waste heat potentials in the drying section of the paper machine in Umka Cardboard Mill
Authors: Jankes Goran , Tanasic Nikola , Stamenic Mirjana , Adzic Vuk
Published: July 2011

Paper production is one of the most energy intensive industrial processes.
The use of waste heat is very important for energy efficiency improvement in
paper industry. This paper deals with methods for calculation of potentials
of waste heat generated in paper/board production process. For that purpose,
the material and heat balance of the cardboard machine at Umka Cardboard Mill
has been determined. Field measurements were conducted in order to define the
unknown values of process parameters used for calculation in the balance
equations and modelling. The focus was given to the cardboard drying section,
which consumes most of the energy supplied to the machine. Additional aim of
the work presented in the paper was to evaluate the specific energy
consumption and the thermal efficiency of all individual energy units within
the machine?s drying section. The results indicate two main sources of waste
heat: waste heat released to the atmosphere with the discharge air from the
present waste heat recovery system (14,380 kW); and waste heat released into
the hall from the machine and extracted by the hall ventilation system (4,430
kW). Waste heat from both sources is characterized by fairly low temperatures
58-75?? and fairly high moisture content (30-40 g/kg). The waste heat can be
partly utilized for preheating the fresh air in cardboard drying process,
saving up to 13% of steam consumption. The specific heat consumption and
specific steam consumption (consumption per tonne of produced cardboard) of
the machine was 1,490 kWh/t and 1.4 t/t, respectively. The thermal efficiency
of drying section and coating drying section was 55.6% and 33.6%,
respectively. All these figures imply necessity for further waste heat
utilization with the aim of improving the efficiency of energy use.
Effect of water content in a canned food on voluntary food intake and body weight in cats
Authors: Wei Alfreda , Fascetti Andrea J. , Villaverde Cecilia , Wong Raymond K. , Ramsey Jon J.
Published: July 2011

Objective—To determine whether water content in a canned food diet induces decreases in voluntary energy intake (EI) or body weight (BW) in cats fed ad libitum.

Animals—16 sexually intact male domestic shorthair cats.

Procedures—Maintenance EI was determined for 2 months in 10 weight-stable cats consuming a control diet (typical colony diet). Cats were allocated into 2 groups of equal BW and fed a canned diet (with-water [WW] diet) or a freeze-dried version of the canned diet (low-water [LW] diet) twice daily. Diets were identical in nutrient profile on a dry-matter basis. Each dietary treatment period of the crossover experiment lasted 3 weeks, with a 3-week washout period between diets. Body composition measurements were determined by use of deuterium oxide at the end of each dietary treatment. Daily food intake was measured for determination of dry-matter intake and EI. Six other cats were used in preference tests for the 3 diets.

Results—EI was significantly decreased for the WW diet (mean ± SD, 1,053.0 ± 274.9 kJ/d), compared with EI for the LW diet (1,413.8 ± 345.8 kJ/d). Cats had a significant decrease in BW during consumption of the WW diet. Body composition was unaltered by diet. In short-term preference tests, cats ate significantly more of the WW than the LW diet.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bulk water in the WW diet stimulated decreases in EI and BW in cats. The impact of water content on energy density and food consumption may help promote weight loss in cats.
Evaluation of 10 genes encoding cardiac proteins in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: O'Sullivan M. Lynne , O'Grady Michael R. , Pyle W. Glen , Dawson John F.
Published: July 2011

Objective—To identify a causative mutation for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Doberman Pinschers by sequencing the coding regions of 10 cardiac genes known to be associated with familial DCM in humans.

Animals—5 Doberman Pinschers with DCM and congestive heart failure and 5 control mixed-breed dogs that were euthanized or died.

Procedures—RNA was extracted from frozen ventricular myocardial samples from each dog, and first-strand cDNA was synthesized via reverse transcription, followed by PCR amplification with gene-specific primers. Ten cardiac genes were analyzed: cardiac actin, α-actinin, α-tropomyosin, β-myosin heavy chain, metavinculin, muscle LIM protein, myosinbinding protein C, tafazzin, titin-cap (telethonin), and troponin T. Sequences for DCM-affected and control dogs and the published canine genome were compared.

Results—None of the coding sequences yielded a common causative mutation among all Doberman Pinscher samples. However, 3 variants were identified in the α-actinin gene in the DCM-affected Doberman Pinschers. One of these variants, identified in 2 of the 5 Doberman Pinschers, resulted in an amino acid change in the rod-forming triple coiled-coil domain.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mutations in the coding regions of several genes associated with DCM in humans did not appear to consistently account for DCM in Doberman Pinschers. However, an α-actinin variant was detected in some Doberman Pinschers that may contribute to the development of DCM given its potential effect on the structure of this protein. Investigation of additional candidate gene coding and noncoding regions and further evaluation of the role of α-actinin in development of DCM in Doberman Pinschers are warranted.
Inheritance of cerebellar abiotrophy in Arabians
Authors: Brault Leah S. , Famula Thomas R. , Penedo M. Cecilia T.
Published: July 2011

Objective—To determine the mode of inheritance for cerebellar abiotrophy (CA), a neurologic disease in Arabians.

Animals—804 Arabians, including 29 horses (15 males and 14 females) with CA.

Procedures—Most horses (n = 755) belonged to 1 of 4 paternal families. Among the 29 CA-affected horses, all had clinical signs consistent with the disease; the disease was confirmed histologically following euthanasia in 8 horses. From the pedigree information, inbreeding coefficients were calculated for 16 affected horses and compared with coefficients for a subgroup of 16 unaffected horses. Complex segregation analysis was used to determine the effect of a putative Mendelian locus on the development of the disease and the probable mode of inheritance of CA.

Results—The mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.0871 for CA-affected and unaffected horses, suggesting that all of the Arabians were inbred to the same degree and that affected horses were not more inbred than were unaffected horses. Results of the complex segregation analysis were consistent with a single Mendelian autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Knowledge of the mode of inheritance of CA should help breeders to make informed decisions regarding the selection of animals for mating when closely related horses have developed CA or produced CA-affected foals.
Evaluation of the efficacy of gallium maltolate for chemoprophylaxis against pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in foals
Authors: Chaffin M. Keith , Cohen Noah D. , Martens Ronald J. , O'Conor Michael , Bernstein Lawrence R.
Published: July 2011

Objective—To determine the chemoprophylactic effect of gallium maltolate on the cumulative incidence of pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in foals.

Animals—483 foals born and raised on 12 equine breeding farms with a history of endemic R equi infections.

Procedures—Group 1 foals were treated with a placebo and group 2 foals were treated with gallium maltolate (approx 30 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) during the first 2 weeks after birth. Foals were monitored for development of pneumonia attributable to R equi infection and for adverse effects of gallium maltolate.

Results—There were no significant differences in the cumulative incidence of R equi pneumonia among the 2 groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Chemoprophylaxis via gallium maltolate administered orally at approximately 30 mg/kg daily for the first 2 weeks after birth failed to reduce the cumulative incidence of pneumonia attributable to R equi infection among foals on breeding farms with endemic R equi infections. Further investigation is needed to identify strategies for control of R equi infections.
In vitro and in vivo responses of mucosa from the large colon of horses to ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Graham A. Sarah , Grosche Astrid , Morton Alison J. , Polyak Maximilian M. R. , Freeman David E.
Published: July 2011

Objective—To induce ischemia and reperfusion injury in the large colon mucosa of horses in vivo and evaluate the recovery and effects of components of an organ transplant solution on mucosal recovery in vitro.

Animals—6 healthy horses.

Procedures—Horses were anesthetized, and ischemia was induced for 60 minutes in the pelvic flexure, which was followed by reperfusion for 240 minutes. Ischemic (n = 4 horses), reperfused (6), and adjacent control (6) colonic mucosae were isolated for in vitro testing and histologic examinations. Tissues were mounted in Ussing chambers with plain Krebs Ringer bicarbonate (KRB), KRB with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), or KRB with a modified organ transplant solution (MOTS). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and mannitol flux were used to assess mucosal integrity. Data were analyzed by use of ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results—The TER in reperfused tissues was similar to the TER in control tissues and greater than the TER in ischemic tissues, which was consistent with morphological evidence of recovery in reperfused tissues. Mannitol flux was greater in ischemic tissues than in reperfused tissues. The TER and mannitol flux were not significantly affected by incubation of mucosa with NAC or MOTS.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ischemia induced during the brief period allowed rapid mucosal repair and complete recovery of tissue barrier properties during reperfusion. Therefore, reperfusion injury was not observed for this method of ischemic damage in equine colonic mucosa.
Selected Aspects of Angiogensis in Haematological Malignancies
Authors: Sujka-Kordowska Patrycja , Malińska Agnieszka , Zabel Maciej
Published: July 2011

It is well established that angiogenesis is necessary in solid tumours development. Interesingly, the role of angiogensis in haematological malignancies has been also recognized. Recent publicationts indicate that microvessel density in bone marrow and angiogenic factors like endoglin, placental growth factor and cyclooxygenase 1 are increased in lymphoproliferative disorders and suggest that angiogensis is a part of pathomechanism of these malignancies. However, it has not been identified how angiogenesis can be involved in progression of haematological disorders. There is a strong need for further investigations in this area, since antiangiogenic therapy is a potential adjunct to conventional therapy of lymphoproliferative disorders.
To Remove or Not to Remove? The Challenge of Extracting the Template to Make the Cavities Available in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs)
Authors: Lorenzo Rosa  A. , Carro Antonia  M. , Alvarez-Lorenzo Carmen , Concheiro Angel
Published: July 2011

Template removal is a critical step in the preparation of most molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The polymer network itself and the affinity of the imprinted cavities for the template make its removal hard. If there are remaining template molecules in the MIPs, less cavities will be available for rebinding, which decreases efficiency. Furthermore, if template bleeding occurs during analytical applications, errors will arise. Despite the relevance to the MIPs performance, template removal has received scarce attention and is currently the least cost-effective step of the MIP development. Attempts to reach complete template removal may involve the use of too drastic conditions in conventional extraction techniques, resulting in the damage or the collapse of the imprinted cavities. Advances in the extraction techniques in the last decade may provide optimized tools. The aim of this review is to analyze the available data on the efficiency of diverse extraction techniques for template removal, paying attention not only to the removal yield but also to MIPs performance. Such an analysis is expected to be useful for opening a way to rational approaches for template removal (minimizing the costs of solvents and time) instead of the current trial-and-error methods.
Novel Recovery of Nano-Structured Ceria (CeO2) from Ce(III)-Benzoxazine Dimer Complexes via Thermal Decomposition
Authors: Veranitisagul Chatchai , Kaewvilai Attaphon , Sangngern Sarawut , Wattanathana Worawat , Suramitr Songwut , Koonsaeng Nattamon , Laobuthee Apirat
Published: July 2011

N,N-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)alkylamines, benzoxazine dimers, are the major product produced from benzoxazine monomers on mono-functional phenol by the one step ring opening reaction. Due to the metal responsive property of benzoxazine dimers, in this present work, N,N-bis(5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)methylamine (MMD), N,N-bis (5-ethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)methylamine (EMD), and N,N-bis(5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl) methyl amine (MeMD), are considered as novel ligands for rare earth metal ion, such as cerium(III) ion. The complex formed when the clear and colorless solutions of cerium nitrate and benzoxazine dimers were mixed, results in a brown colored solution. The metal-ligand ratios determined by the molar ratio and the Job’s methods were found to be in a ratio of 1:6. To clarify the evidence of the complex formation mechanism, the interactions among protons in benzoxazine dimers both prior to and after the formation of complexes were determined by means of 1H-NMR, 2D-NMR and a computational simulation. The single phase ceria (CeO2) was successfully prepared by thermal decomposition of the Ce(III)-benzoxazine dimer complexes at 600 °C for 2 h, was then characterized using XRD. In addition, the ceria powder investigated by TEM is spherical with an average diameter of 20 nm.
An Effective Ostrich Oil Bleaching Technique Using Peroxide Value as an Indicator
Authors: Palanisamy Uma Devi , Sivanathan Muniswaran , Radhakrishnan Ammu Kutty , Haleagrahara Nagaraja , Subramaniam Thavamanithevi , Chiew Gan Seng
Published: July 2011

Ostrich oil has been used extensively in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, rancidity causes undesirable chemical changes in flavour, colour, odour and nutritional value. Bleaching is an important process in refining ostrich oil. Bleaching refers to the removal of certain minor constituents (colour pigments, free fatty acid, peroxides, odour and non-fatty materials) from crude fats and oils to yield purified glycerides. There is a need to optimize the bleaching process of crude ostrich oil prior to its use for therapeutic purposes. The objective of our study was to establish an effective method to bleach ostrich oil using peroxide value as an indicator of refinement. In our study, we showed that natural earth clay was better than bentonite and acid-activated clay to bleach ostrich oil. It was also found that 1 hour incubation at a 150 °C was suitable to lower peroxide value by 90%. In addition, the nitrogen trap technique in the bleaching process was as effective as the continuous nitrogen flow technique and as such would be the recommended technique due to its cost effectiveness.
Encore à propos des horrea Galbana de Rome : entrepôts ou ergastules ?
Authors: Virlouvet Catherine
Published: July 2011

L’édifice à trois cours accolées connu par le plan de marbre sévérien et l’archéologie au pied de l’Aventin, dans le quartier de l’emporium romain, après avoir été longtemps identifié comme le plan des horrea Galbana, est actuellement présenté comme un ergastule ayant servi de logement aux esclaves employés dans les entrepôts proches. La présente étude remet en cause cette identification. Elle montre dans un premier temps que le terme d’ergastule n’est pas approprié pour désigner une telle structure, quand bien même elle aurait servi aux logements d’employés qui n’appartenaient pas tous d’ailleurs au personnel servile. L’article se concentre ensuite sur le plan de l’édifice tel que nous le connaissons, pour montrer, par rapprochement avec des exemples ostiens, que ce dernier a bel et bien pu figurer le plan d’un édifice de stockage. Les horrea

romains n’ont en effet pas tous le même aspect, selon qu’ils servent uniquement à entreposer des marchandises ou que l’on peut y rencontrer des activités plus diversifiées, en particulier de distribution de marchandises.
Les relations de Cirta et de la Confédération cirtéenne avec le pouvoir pendant le Haut-Empire
Authors: Briand-Ponsart Claude
Published: July 2011

Rechercher des patrons influents pour protéger les intérêts de la cité et de ses habitants entrait dans les préoccupations de toute cité antique, et les cités de Numidie ne firent pas exception à la règle. Au IIe siècle, la plupart d’entre elles, situées au Sud, sollicitèrent le légat de la IIIe légion Auguste, ce qui fut rarement le cas de Cirta et de la Confédération cirtéenne. La cité se distingue par le choix de patrons prestigieux, grands sénateurs proches du pouvoir, souvent originaires de la région ou qui y avaient tissé des liens familiaux. Cette originalité trouve son explication dans les événements qui se produisirent en 46-44 av. J.-C. Il est possible que l’effacement relatif de ce groupe sous Commode soit en partie responsable de la réorganisation de la région par Septime Sévère.
Epula y cenae públicos financiados por las ciudades romanas
Authors: Rodríguez Neila Juan Francisco
Published: July 2011

Este trabajo estudia los banquetes comunales de las ciudades romanas financiados con fondos municipales, tomando como referencia los epula y cenae públicos ofrecidos en Roma por emperadores y aristócratas, y los que pagaban los evergetas locales. Se analizan las fuentes epigráficas y la información que aportan las leyes municipales de Hispania, y se consideran diversos aspectos: festividades y otras ocasiones en que tales banquetes podían ser celebrados, el papel de los senados y magistrados locales en su organización, los grupos sociales que participaban, los espacios públicos donde podían tener lugar, y la infraestructura necesaria para su celebración.
Il controllo dei decurioni sullo spazio pubblico in due città della regio secunda Augustea
Authors: Chelotti Marcella
Published: July 2011

This paper puts together the epigraphic evidence on public places control by decuriones in two cities of the regio secunda Augustea, Aeclanum and Herdonia. Even if the epigraphic evidence is fortuitous, this study tries to highlight that, expecially in II and III centuries A. D., the municipal elites had exclusive use of public places, assigned by decuriones, for inscriptions celebrating themselves. We can, indeed, observe absence, in public places, of honorary inscriptions for those people that could be expression of social dynamics, as, for exemple, the Augustales.
La colonia di Auximum (Picenum) e la gestione dello spazio pubblico : l’apporto della documentazione epigrafica
Authors: Branchesi Fabiola
Published: July 2011

Il contributo analizza, grazie all’esame dettagliato di un corposo dossier epigrafico, l’organizzazione da parte degli organi di governo di Auximum del forum cittadino, dove l’esposizione pubblica di iscrizioni onorarie e dediche statuarie rispondeva a finalità commemorative delle glorie civiche locali e a propositi ideologico-propagandistici legati alla celebrazione del potere imperiale. Nella gestione dello spazio cittadino di Auximum rientrava anche lo sfruttamento economico a fini agricoli degli agri publici municipales, individuabili e direttamente localizzabili sul territorio (in loc. Regnano), grazie allo studio congiunto di fonti epigrafiche e toponomastiche.
Un aspecto de la práctica institucional en las comunidades indígenas hispanas : el control del espacio público
Authors: Garcia Riaza Enrique
Published: July 2011

Se examinan las referencias literarias y epigráficas relativas a la praxis administrativa de las ciudades de la península ibérica en la etapa previa a la consolidación de los modelos institucionales romanos (ss. II-I aC). El control de los espacios comunitarios por parte de las instituciones locales se acredita en diversos testimonios, tanto en lo relativo a los núcleos urbanos (edificios públicos, infraestructuras, sistemas defensivos) como al territorio (vigilancia de límites, acotación de éstos mediante elementos simbólicos, celebración de rituales cívicos).
Paulin de Nole : du gouverneur de Campanie à l’évêque de Nole, ruptures et continuités
Authors: Desmulliez Janine
Published: July 2011

Paulin, originally from Bordeaux, was a member of the Gallic senatorial aristocracy. He took part in the administration of the Empire by becoming consular of Campania, a province in which he had properties. After he had returned to Gaul, he led the life of a man who owned a large estate and married a rich Spanish matron named Therasia. But he gave up this lifestyle; he was baptised by the Bishop of Bordeaux and later ordained - against his will - to the priesthood in Barcelona. He decided to withdraw to Campania where he founded a monastic community in Nole before he was consecrated Bishop of that city. He remained an illustrious person as his relations with both the papacy and the imperial power clearly indicate. His close relations with the Campanian aristocracy, his bonds with Spanish families and, most particularly, the hypothesis of a possible connection with the Theodosian family may well account for the social position he retained in the Roman Empire after he had converted to asceticism.
Enfants en nourrice à la campagne : à propos de C.Th. IX, 31, 1
Authors: Jaillette Pierre
Published: July 2011

Après avoir évoqué les déplacements de troupeaux des plaines de l’Apulie aux hauteurs de l’Apennin central, formulé quelques observations générales sur cette pratique d’élevage qui prendra tardivement le nom de transhumance et mis en garde le lecteur sur la représentation idyllique d’un monde en réalité brutal et violent, objet de mesures répressives dans les années 360, l’auteur analyse une disposition d’Honorius de 409 interdisant la mise en nourrice des enfants chez les bergers. Il en propose une traduction suivie d’une étude détaillée qui met en évidence la richesse du document. L’interdiction signifiée par la loi de recourir à des bergères comme nourrices montre a contrario la réalité d’une pratique sociale: celle de la nourrice paysanne. Elle témoigne ensuite du mépris dans lequel sont tenus les transhumants dont l’univers équivoque effraie la cité et son urbanité. s’ajoute à cela le contexte immédiat d’une alliance potentielle entre les bergers et les bandes barbares qui écument alors l’Italie. Défendre le placement des bambins chez les bergers, c’est protéger la cité. La loi révèle enfin, dans un État où le paganisme est désormais proscrit, le désir inconscient de tuer le mythe fondateur de Rome.
La théorie des contrats implicites : bilan et perspectives
Authors: Perrot Anne
Published: July 2011

The Implicit Contracts Theory: Results and Prospects,

by Anne Perrot.

By using a simple model, this paper presents the idea behind the implicit contracts theory to explain why wage agreements are so rigid and why involuntary unemployment exists: the hiring process is considered to be an insurance policy whereby firms, either neutral or relatively unexposed to risk, insure wage earners, who are more exposed to risk, against fluctuations in their income. The result is rigidity in wages and perhaps involuntary unemployment. These results are discussed in comparison with other hypotheses on the nature of agreements and constraints on the agents (areas of employment, benefits paid to the unemployed,...). Such agreements can be responsible for cases of over-employment.
Négociations salariales et segmentation du marché du travail
Authors: Cahuc Pierre , Sevestre Patrick , Zajdela Hélène
Published: July 2011

Wage Negotiation and the Segmentation of the Job Market,

by Pierre Cahuc, Patrick Sevestre, Hélène Zajdela.

This paper deals with a model for wage negotiation to explain why the job market is segmented. On the grounds of the non-cooperative games theory, a model is developed. It enables to distinguish different modes of wage setting depending on whether or not wage earners can hope for wages higher than market wages and on whether the firms' performance is good or bad. The model was tested on a sample of 334 French manufacturing firms over the 1974-1983 period. The estimates seem to confirm that both this model and the typology of firms involved therewith are relevant.
La répartition des emplois par sexe : capital humain ou discrimination
Authors: Sofer Catherine
Published: July 2011

Die geschlechtsbedingte Zuteilung von Arbeitsplätzen : Humankapital oder Diskriminierung ?

von Catherine Sofer.

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Auswirkung der Geschlechtsgliederung hinsichtlich der Arbeitsplätze auf das durchschnittliche Lohndifferential zwischen Männern und Frauen. Die wichtigsten theoretischen Erklärungen für diese Situation sind im wesentlichen zweierlei Art :- die Théorie des Humankapitals, die durch die Atrophiehypothese ergänzt wird, nach der Arbeitsplätze mit hohem Frauenanteil von Frauen deshalb gewählt werden, weil sie im Falle einer Unterbrechung der Erwerbstätigkeit mit geringerer Benachteiligung verbunden sind die Diskriminierungstheorie. Eine erste Messung der Diskriminierung gegen Frauen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt hebt folgendes hervor : der Anteil des durchschnittlichen Lohnunterschieds, der auf dieses Phänomen zurückzuführen ist, schwankt je nach der benutzten Gewinnfunktion zwischen 50% und mehr als 100 % der Gesamtheit des Differentials. Diese Proportion reduziert sich auf 4 % bis 95 %, wenn der Frauenanteil bezüglich der Arbeitsplätze berücksichtigt wird. Aber die Tests der Atrophiehypothese führen zu ihrerWiderlegung.
L'hétérogénéité des carrières individuelles mesurée sur données de panel
Authors: Lollivier Stéfan , Payen Jean-François
Published: July 2011

Heterogeneity of wage profiles evaluated on the basis of panel data,

by Stefan Lolliver, Jean-François Payen.

This paper is an attempt at evaluating individual earnings profiles on the basis of a panel of wage earners from the private and semi-public sectors over the 1967 to 1982 period. One of its objectives is to quantify earnings functions on the basis of the human capital theory. To study individual earnings profiles, it is necessary to set up an econometric model which makes a distinction between macroeconom evolution and factors purely individual. The former depends on variables such as the current year of payment, the worker's age and his date of birth. Individual characteristics are modeled on the basis of a quadratic time function showing how the wage profile of a specific individual differs from that of other workers in his generation.
L'impact de la politique de l'emploi : une estimation quantitative de certains dispositifs
Authors: Ermakoff Ivan , Tresmontant Raphaël
Published: July 2011

L'impact de la politique de l'emploi: une estimation quantitative de certains dispositifs,

par Raphaël Tresmontant, Ivan Ermakoff.

Tuc, Sivp, contrats de qualification, d'adaptation et de retour à l'emploi, Pil, stages, préretraites, etc, les dispositifs de la politique de l'emploi sont nombreux et fréquemment modifiés. Par leur action sur le volume de l'emploi ou sur les ressources en main d'œuvre, ils visent à réduire certains déséquilibres du marché du travail : si le nombre total de bénéficiaires a fortement augmenté entre 1985 et 1988, les effets nets en termes d'emplois créés et de chômeurs évités sont très variables selon les dispositifs. En effet les diverses incitations à l'embauche se traduisent par une substitution significative entre actifs, suivant qu'ils bénéficient ou non des subventions publiques. Une évaluation des coûts pour les finances publiques est en outre proposée.
La dimension sectorielle de la formation des salaires : une analyse comparative des industries américaine, allemande et française
Authors: Dormont Brigitte , Le Dem Jean
Published: July 2011

La dimension sectorielle de la formation des salaires : une analyse comparative des industries américaine, allemande et française,

par Brigitte Dormont, Jean Le Dem.

L'objet de cet article est d'explorer simultanément les dimensions sectorielle et temporelle de la formation des salaires en exploitant des données de branche pour les industries américaine, allemande et française. La double dimension des données permet de mettre en évidence, dans les trois pays considérés, une influence des gains de productivité sur l'évolution des salaires : un secteur dont les gains de productivité sont supérieurs à la moyenne fait croître ses salaires plus rapidement que les autres secteurs. Il convient alors de s'interroger sur la nature de cet impact de la productivité : est-il purement transitoire ou va-t-il au delà des effets de rattrapage mis en évidence?
Licenciements, salaire aux pièces et participation aux bénéfices en tant qu'incitations
Authors: Kraft Kornelius
Published: July 2011

Lay-offs, Piece-Rates and Profit-Sharing as Incentives,

by Kornelius Kraft.

Lay-offs, or even just the likelihood of being laid off, profit-sharing and piece-rates are incentives which can be used alternatively. In particular, laid off wage earners have expenses even if they do end up finding work with the same remuneration. The purpose of the paper is to empirically test to what extent these incentives do increase effectiveness, based on information from German firms. Piecework pay is apparently not effective, profit-sharing is and lay-offs increase productivity but only underneath a certain threshold, regardless of the remuneration level.
Dynamiques sectorielles et modes de rémunération ouvriers dans la crise : le cas français
Authors: Reynaud Bénédicte
Published: July 2011

Verfahren der Arbeiterentlohnung in der Krise : die Frage der strategischen Entscheidungen

(der f ranzôsische Fall),

von Bénédicte Reynaud.

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Umbildung der Gestaltungsverfahren bezüglich der Direktlöhne -der Zeit- und individuellen oder kollektiven Leistungslöhne - wie sie sich von 1978 bis 1986 in Frankreich entwickelt haben.Die Analyse erfasst die Arbeiter der Industriebetriebe und der Bauwirtschaft. Anhand einer sektoralen Analyse wird versucht, die ausschliesslich den Zeitlohn betreffende Progression sowie die Regression derjenigen Lohnsysteme zu erklären, die individuelle oder kollektive Leistungszulagen enthalten. Die Entwicklung der Qualifikation und der Wirtschaftslage der Sektoren -Modernisierungsstrategie, angestrebte Wiederherstellung der Ertragsfähigkeit- treten als die wichtigsten Erklärungsfaktoren hervor.
L'indexation des salaires : la rupture de 1983
Authors: Ralle Pierre , Toujas-Bernate Joël
Published: July 2011

Wage Indexation: the 1983 Break,

by Pierre Ralie, Joël Toujas-Bernate.

In France in 1983, after the freeze on prices and wages, a specific policy was implemented to reduce wage indexation on prices, thereby making the job market more flexible. Similar policies were enforced in most of the OECD countries. However econometric studies are generally not very successful in revealing the consequential breaks in wage equations. This article shows that the wage indexation coefficient which was equal to one before 1982 has been reduced by about one-third since 1983 on a Phillips curb estimation.
Compétitivité et élasticités du commerce extérieur
Authors: Mathis Jean
Published: July 2011

Competitiveness and price elasticities of external trade,

by Jean Math is.

Competitiveness is a common concept yet not well defined as far as macroeconomics are concerned. The current account balance is an outcome of competitiveness and not a measurement ; in addition it depends on the general macroeconomic equilibrium and not only on competitiveness. A definition of competitiveness is suggested. Then a very simple model is used to isolate a few parameters that can be a measure of competitiveness. Next, the macroeconomic strategy of competitiveness is defined. Attention is paid to the elasticities of import demand and export demand, for those appear to be crucial parameters of competitiveness ; in particular, the question of their variability with relative prices is examined.
Echanges extérieurs et avantages comparatifs : la spécialisation de la France confrontée à celles de ses concurrents
Authors: Tavernier Jean-Luc
Published: July 2011

Echanges extérieurs et avantages comparatifs : la spécialisation de la France

confrontée a celles de ses concurrents,

par Jean-Luc Tavernier.

Les défauts de la spécialisation française sont parfois invoqués pour expliquer la dégradation des échanges extérieurs français en produits manufacturés. Une adaptation trop lente à la demande mondiale a certes contribué aux pertes de parts de marche de la France depuis le début des années quatre-vingt, mais il est plus difficile de juger de la faible intensité de la spécialisation de l'industrie française. Cet article montre, grâce une batterie d'indicateur convergents, que la France est le pays industrialisé qui compte le moins d'avantages ou de désavantages comparatifs nets et que sa spécialisation est très instable. La structure des échanges commerciaux français diffère donc sensiblement du modèle allemand (grâce à une spécialisation inerte mais cohérente, certaines filières ont pu bénéficier d'effets d'entraînement et se protéger des fluctuations macro-économiques) ou du modèle japonais (les points forts, bien que très intenses, évoluent continûment en phase avec les déformations de la demande mondiale). En l'absence d'avantages comparatifs spontanés, aucune branche de l'industrie française n'est a priori préservée des perturbations conjoncturelles.
Ouverture vers l'extérieur et performances à l'exportation des entreprises industrielles dans les années quatre-vingt : une analyse sur données individuelles
Authors: Francq Thierry
Published: July 2011

Erschliessung der Aussenhandelsmärkte und Exporterfolge der Industriebetriebe in den achtziger Jahren Eine Analyse anhand firmenindividueller Daten,

von Thierry Francq.

Ein ersterdeskriptiver Ansatz auf der Grundlage von Stichprobenerhebungen firmenindividueller Daten zeigt, dass die Verlangsamung der den Aussenhandel betreffenden Erschliessungsdynamik der französischen Industrie, wie sie in den achtziger Jahren auf globaler Ebene zu beobachten war, nicht auf eine allgemeine Entwicklung, sondern auf die Lage eines Bruchteils von Betrieben zurückzuführen ist, die auf allé Sektoren verteilt sind. Eine gewisse Anzahl von Betrieben hat es vorgezogen, sich auf den inländischen Markt auszurichten, der sich als zukunftsträchtig erwies, und nicht auf die Aussenmärkte, die nicht unbedingt dynamischer waren. Die Analyse stellt für diese Jahre zwei Verhaltensweisen heraus : einerseits eine auf der Suche nach Absatzmöglichkeiten basierende Wachstumspolitik, andererseits eine Politik des Ausgleichs der Gewinnspanne. Die die letztere Politik verfolgenden Unternehmen haben "unterinvestiert" und hatten die Tendenz, inlàndische Absatzmärkte zu bevorzugen. Es sind also nicht so sehr sektoraje Gesetzmässigkeiten, als vielmehr solche Verhaltensweisen, die die Erschliessung der Aussenmärkte der französischen Industrie gebremst haben.
Atlas : un modèle dynamique et cohérent du commerce international des produits manufacturés
Authors: Loué Jean-François
Published: July 2011

Atlas : un modèle dynamique et cohérent du commerce international des produits

manufacturés,

par Jean-François Loué

Un modèle dynamique du commerce international des produits manufacturés est estimé, sur données trimestrielles, pour dix pays. Dans Atlas les volumes des importations sont déterminés par ailleurs dans les modèles de pays. Le modèle ici présenté décrit donc révolution des prix des échanges et des parts de marché en fonction des taux de change, des prix et des coûts de chaque pays. La prise en compte de la dynamique pose le problème de la neutralité à court terme de la monnaie de facturation : les prix observés dépendent en effet dans le court terme de l'évolution de la monnaie dans laquelle sont libellés les contrats. En ce qui concerne les parts de marché, on défend un modèle basé sur les coûts relatifs, et on montre que la dynamique de leur évolution dépend théoriquement de la monnaie dans laquelle les prix (ou les coûts) sont comparés.