bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relações políticas entre Moçambique e África do Sul, 1975-1992: divergências político-ideológicas, agressões militares e desestabilização
Authors: Haffner Jacqueline A. , Bihale Domingos
Published: February 2024

O objectivo do trabalho é analisar as relações políticas entre Moçambique e África do Sul no período 1975 e 1992 para perceber os seus reflexos na interacção económico-comercial bilateral. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho norteia-se pelas questões seguintes: Como é que as relações políticas entre Moçambique e África do Sul evoluíram durante o período 1975-1992? De que forma a evolução de tais relações se reflectiu na interacção económica e comercial entre os dois países? Do ponto de vista dos procedimentos técnicos, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida utilizando a documentação indireta com recurso do método histórico, o qual permitiu conhecer o dinamismo da interacção entre Moçambique e África do Sul em vários domínios, com destaque para as esferas económica e política. Conclui-se que África do Sul, no seu relacionamento com Moçambique entre 1975 e 1992 procurou sempre defender o seu interesse nacional (sobrevivência do regime do Apartheid), recorrendo a agressões militares directas e indirectas para a desestabilização política e económica, com intuito de manter Moçambique na posição de dependência e como fonte de mão-de-obra barata para as empresas mineiras. Em contraposição, Moçambique enveredou por uma via pacifista negocial, ciente da sua incapacidade militar e económica de enfrentar o poder hegemónico da África do Sul, mas com vontade de reduzir a sua dependência em relação a esse país.
Editorial. Presentación del dossier Nº 32
Authors: Buffa Diego , Becerra María José
Published: February 2024

En este dossier, presentamos una propuesta de diez artículos que intenta ser un aporte en ciertos y determinados planteos que, desde las ciencias sociales y humanas, se vienen haciendo desde hace un tiempo acerca de redescribir y redefinir el concepto de Estado; la relación que este tiene con sus propios ciudadanos y con los ciudadanos de otros estados (es decir con la sociedad civil nacional y con la global); y la legitimidad del Estado en la aplicación del uso de la violencia, tanto interna como externa, poniendo así en tensión el régimen de soberanía y el régimen de intervención, entre otros temas. Es decir, se cuestiona cuáles son los elementos que determinan qué estados son considerados soberanos y por ello no son susceptibles de intervención, y cómo se mensura cuáles son las pautas intervencionistas que se consideran legítimas en el ámbito internacional.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH UNTUK PEMAHAMAN KONSEP KEKAYAAN ALAM PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV SDN TANGGUL SIDOARJO
Authors: Zelda Susmita Amelia Putri , Jannah Novaria Lailatul
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of the make a match learning model for understanding the concept of natural resources material for fourth grade students of SDN Tanggul Wonoayu. This research is included in quantitative research. This quantitative research uses a pre-experimental design that uses the One Group pretest-posttest design method. The results of data analysis using the help of SPSS software 26 for windows. The results of pretest and posttest data processing calculated using SPSS show a 2-tailed sig value of 0.260 and 0.053. The significance results show more than 0.05. This means that the data is normally distributed. Therefore, the hypothesis test used is the paired sample t-test. The results of the paired sample t-test test obtained a significance value of 0.000 (0.000<0.005) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that the hypothesis states that there is an effect on understanding the concept of natural resources material between before and after being given the make a match learning model. The N-Gain test obtained a value of 56.9085 with a fairly effective category. It can be concluded that the influence of the make a match learning model for understanding concepts can improve the understanding of class IV students at SDN Tanggul
The Role of Education in Fostering Political Empowerment among the Female School Teachers in Newly Merged Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Yousafzai Mahnaz Iqbal , Irshadullah Hafiz Muhammad , Idris Muhammad
Published: February 2024

One of the fundamental institutions that exist in one form or another in every society on the planet is education. The present research focuses on how education supports women's political empowerment in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's newly merged districts. The study's main goal was to determine how education contributes to the political empowerment of female teachers in the targeted community. In a similar vein, the study's goal was to ascertain how teachers in the research area support women's political empowerment. The research was quantitative in nature, and 225 sample size (female teachers) were chosen from the three districts of Bajawar, Kurram, and Mohmmand using the Sekran sample size determination table. The data were collected through structured questionnaires from (Primary, Middle, and High) school teachers, which were then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The analyzed data were then presented in the form of tables and frequencies. The researched data demonstrates that in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's newly merged districts, education may promote women's political empowerment in the true sense. It is advised that training, seminars, and awareness-raising events on the value of education and how it gives women political power be required for both the general public and female teachers.
Levantamento da devolução de embalagens de defensivos vazias na região da Serra da Ibiapaba – Ceará
Authors: Menezes Felipe Fontenele Frota , Ponte Junior Eriberto de Sá , Aragão Thiago de Albuquerque , Da Costa João Ribeiro , Cavalcante Ruan Santana , Cavalcante Ruan Santana , De Araújo Francisco Libério César Feitosa , Lima Francisco Géferson da Silva , Ramos Dânley Erlen de Oliveira
Published: February 2024

A agricultura é uma área com expansão intensa, pois as necessidades de alimentos, roupas, e matéria prima para a produção de bens de consumo crescem a cada dia junto com o crescimento populacional. A produção agrícola ocasionou o descarte inadequado de embalagens de defensivos que vem se tornando um grande problema ao longo dos anos, pois se descartadas em locais impróprios, causam riscos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. O descarte e armazenamento das embalagens de defensivos agrícolas devem ser realizados de acordo com as normas e legislações impostas após o seu uso, dentro do prazo de um ano a partir da data da compra. Visto isso, objetivou-se com esse trabalho, realizar pesquisa bibliográfica sobre devolução de embalagens vazias de defensivos agrícolas na região da Serra da Ibiapaba, celeiro agrícola do estado do Ceará e expor a problemática do descarte inadequado de embalagens vazias de defensivos agrícolas. Observou-se com o estudo que mesmo com o Brasil realizando a destinação de 94% das embalagens de defensivos, o Estado do Ceará ainda apresenta números inferiores, em especial a região da Serra da Ibiapaba. O crescimento do volume recebido ao longo dos anos é relevante, mas longe de ser ideal.
Transplante de microbiota fecal para o tratamento da infecção por Clostridioides difficile: revisão sistemática e metanálise
Authors: De Carvalho Chayane Karla Lucena , Dalmedico Michel Marcos , Ioshii Sergio Ossamu , Fernandes Beatriz Luci
Published: February 2024

A gestão clínica da infecção por Clostridioides difficile representa um desafio significativo, uma vez que a resposta subótima à terapia convencional impõem ao indivíduo um quadro de refratariedade e severidade de doença, que resulta em internamento para tratamentos prolongados, elevação de morbimortalidade e incremento de despesas ao sistema de saúde. O presente estudo teve, como objetivo, avaliar a efetividade de diferentes estratégias de transplante de microbiota fecal no tratamento inicial de infecção por Clostridioides difficile (CDI) ou infecção recorrente por C. difficile (rCDI). Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados, orientada pelo Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions e relatada utilizando como referência o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Foi realizada uma busca sistemática nas bases internacionais Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science e Cochrane. Foram incluídos estudos que descrevessem o transplante de microbiota fecal no tratamento da CDI, considerando diferentes estratégias de administração, para os desfechos remissão clínica da diarreia e segurança da intervenção. Um total de 1037 pacientes com CDI foram recrutados em 14 estudos. Dentre os 846 pacientes tratados com transplante de microbiota fecal, 708 (84%) apresentaram resolução clínica da diarreia, sendo 392 (55%) com administração única, e 249 (45%) com duas ou mais administrações. O perfil de segurança demonstrou uma taxa de eventos adversos não significativa. As evidências científicas atualmente disponíveis sobre a utilização do transplante de microbiota fecal para o tratamento de CDI, apresentaram qualidade moderada. No entanto, o transplante de microbiota fecal apresenta-se como uma alternativa importante de tratamento, mediante a refratariedade das terapêuticas convencionais demandando de acordo com os resultados desta revisão, a necessidade de novos estudos para estabelecer a efetividade e segurança da intervenção.
A pandemia da COVID-19 e dilemas éticos relacionados à ciência e a morte: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Lima Angélica de Godoy Torres , Gouveia Neto José Rocha , Cordeiro Jéssica Kelly Ramos , Martiniano Cláudia Santos , Baptista Rosilene Santos , De Aquino Jael Maria
Published: February 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir os dilemas éticos causados pela pandemia da Covid-19 no contexto da ciência e suas implicações nas mortes. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa entre junho e julho de 2021, utilizando os descritores “Covid-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “Mortalidade”, “Ética”, “Ciência”, “Mudança social”, “Resultados negativos” e “Fator de impacto” para a Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e Scientific Eletronic Library Online. Para a PUBMED utilizou-se “ethics” OR “ethical”, “bioethics”, “Covid-19”, “sars-cov-2” e“coronavirus”. Identificou-se que o uso da ciência em tempos de pandemia é essencial para a descoberta de informações, porém, é um campo de atuação geralmente desvalorizado, em alguns relatos observa-se o uso de informações inadequadas como ferramenta para poder político, o que resulta em consequências graves para a saúde pública.
Conhecimento e atitude de enfermeiras da atenção primária à saúde frente à violência intrafamiliar em adolescentes
Authors: Ferreira Ana Vitória da Silva , Ferreira Ana Darla da Silva , Da Silva Débora Carollyne Santos , Araújo Wallacy Jhon Silva , Da Silva Darley Rodrigues , Monteiro Estela Maria Leite Meirelles , Guedes Tatiane Gomes , De Souza Valesca Patriota
Published: February 2024

A violência intrafamiliar é um fenômeno presente na vida dos adolescentes, estes que são dependentes dos cuidados da família podem ser considerados mais vulneráveis a ocorrência dessa injúria. A atenção primária à saúde é porta de entrada para o atendimento dessa população, com o enfermeiro responsável pelo contato inicial e condução do tratamento, sendo necessário um conhecimento adequado para atitudes que integralize o cuidado ao adolescente. Este estudo objetivou identificar o conhecimento e atitude de enfermeiras que atuam na atenção primária à saúde sobre a violência intrafamiliar em adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 13 enfermeiras em unidades de atenção primária à saúde de um município do interior de Pernambuco, em março de 2023, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada. Na interpretação dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Identificou-se que as enfermeiras apresentaram parcialmente o conhecimento e as atitudes primordiais no manejo e enfrentamento à violência intrafamiliar emergindo três categorias, a saber: Conhecimento das enfermeiras no atendimento e notificação da violência intrafamiliar; Atitudes das Enfermeiras na identificação da violência intrafamiliar ao adolescente; Dificuldades enfrentadas pelas enfermeiras no atendimento ao adolescente vítima de violência intrafamiliar. Recomenda-se a implementação de estratégias de educação em saúde que possam contribuir para o aumento do conhecimento e atitude desses profissionais vislumbrando a redução dos danos.
Análise SWOT aplicada em estudo de caso em revistas científicas digitais de instituições públicas da cidade de Manaus
Authors: Guimarães Maria Sophia Ochoa , Mota Sheila Cordeiro
Published: February 2024

Esse estudo representa um recorte de uma dissertação de mestrado em Design da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, com incentivo da FAPEAM, ilustrando a aplicação de análise SWOT em estudo de caso local de Manaus através das revistas AEC&D – Artes, Educação, Comunicação & Design da Universidade Federal do Amazonas e da revista IGAPÓ do Instituto Federal do Amazonas. Para se destacar em um ambiente competitivo como a internet, as revistas científicas digitais têm enfrentado diversos desafios. O objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar a análise SWOT para descrever e compreender as características das revistas do estudo de caso com o intuito de contribuir para o seu planejamento estratégico. Este estudo é o ponto de partida para identificar os pontos fracos e fortes, analisando-os tanto no ambiente interno, como no externo, onde foram encontrados diversos pontos positivos a serem explorados, e os pontos negativos a serem trabalhados em busca de melhorias para o projeto de planejamento estratégico com foco na gestão de marca para revistas científicas digitais. Este estudo de natureza qualitativa, foi fundamentado por autores que tratam sobre o tema, através de uma metodologia de pesquisa descritiva, que teve como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário direcionado aos editores-chefes das revistas do estudo de caso. Assim, foi possível realizar o diagnóstico seguindo o modelo de planejamento estratégico de acordo com esta análise SWOT.
Studia nad językiem autorów w oglądzie metodologicznym (rekonesans)
Authors: Sokólska Urszula
Published: February 2024

Liczba oraz zakres prac dotyczących języka artystycznego przedstawiają się dziś imponująco. Można tu wymienić dziesiątki nazwisk badaczy, a także dziesiątki nazwisk pisarzy i poetów, których twórczość analizowano. Szacunek wzbudza też różnorodność ujęć badawczych. Artykuł – ze względu na bogactwo materiału analitycznego oraz rygory obowiązujące autorów tekstów w BTPJ – przyjął postać rekonesansu, podczas którego zasygnalizowano różnorodność metodologiczną i formalno-tematyczną badań nad językiem autorów. Przedmiotem uwagi stały się m.in.: - rozważania dotyczące początków studiów nad językiem autorów, - słowniki języka autorów, - metody badawcze wykorzystywane w studiach nad językiem autorów (np. teoria pola semantycznego, teoria językowego obrazu świata, metody statystyczne).The number and scope of the existing studies on artistic language are impressive. One might enumerate dozens of researchers examining literary language as well as numerous writers and poets whose literary output has been analysed in a linguistic perspective. The diversity of research approaches also commands respect. The article – due to the richness of research material and the word limit imposed by the Journal – has been designed as a reconnaissance that signals the methodological and formal-thematic diversity of research on literary language. The paper focuses on the following issues: the beginnings of studies on the language of literary authors, dictionaries of literary language, research methods used in the study of the language of literary authors (e.g. the semantic field theory, linguistic worldview theory, statistical methods).
Ewolucja konceptu ‘twarzy’ jako nośnika ‘godności i honoru’ w polszczyźnie
Authors: Derwojedowa Magdalena , Zawisławska Magdalena
Published: February 2024

Twarz, postrzegana jako najważniejsza część ludzkiego ciała, jest w większości języków podstawą wielu rozszerzeń metaforycznych i metonimicznych. Celem artykułu jest analiza jednej z takich metonimii w języku polskim – TWARZ ZA GODNOŚĆ, wyrażonej za pomocą frazeologizmów typu zachować/stracić/ratować/ocalić twarz. Metonimia i metafora są przez nas rozumiane za językoznawstwem kognitywnym jako zjawiska prymarnie pojęciowe. Analiza jest oparta na polskim materiale korpusowym (NKJP, Chronopress, MONCO). Choć wyrażenia metaforyczne i metonimiczne z komponentem twarz były już opisywane, to jednak nie dokonano dotąd analizy metonimii TWARZ ZA GODNOŚĆ w języku polskim w perspektywie diachronicznej. Frazeologizmy typu stracić/zachować/ratować twarz, okazały się dość nowymi zapożyczeniami w polszczyźnie. Nie jest to zatem koncept uniwersalny, ale został przyswojony w naszej kulturze dopiero pod koniec XX wieku.Perceived as the most important part of human body, face is the basis for numerous metaphorical and metonymic extensions in most languages. The article aims to analyse one such metonymy in Polish, FACE FOR DIGNITY, expressed in phraseological units such as utracić/ocalić twarz ‘lose/save face’ and their semantic equivalents. Metonymy and metaphor are seen here through the prism of cognitive linguistics as primarily conceptual phenomena. The analysis is based on corpus data (NKJP, Chronopress, MONCO). There are a few studies on metaphorical and metonymic expressions with the face component in Polish, but an analysis of the metonymy FACE FOR DIGNITY in Polish in a diachronic perspective has been missing. Phraseological units such as utracić/ocalić twarz ‘lose/save face’ are relatively recent borrowings in Polish. Therefore, the concept is not universal but was assimilated into our culture only towards the end of the 20th century.
Association of lameness with per cent body weight distribution and shifting to individual limbs of static Karan Fries crossbred cows
Authors: Singh Man , Lathwal S S , Singh Yajuvendra , Kumar Anil , Gupta A K , Mohanty T K , Raja T V , Gupta R K , Sharma V , Chandra G , Kumar M
Published: February 2024

Lameness in crossbred cows causes considerable economic loss hence efforts were made to develop effective automated technique to diagnose it at an earlier stage. Lactating Karan Fries crossbred cows (148) were assigned the appropriate lameness score (VLS). Total body weight and body weight distributed to individual limbs were recorded. Data were analyzed to access the effect of pregnancy, stage of lactation and parity on body weight distribution. Stage of pregnancy had significant effect on total body weight as well body weight distributed to right hind and left hind limbs. Total body weight and body weight distributed to all the 4 limbs was the highest during third trimester of pregnancy. Stage of lactation significantly affected total body weight which was highest during late lactation. Total body weight and weight distributed to right front and right hind legs were significantly higher for cows in fourth or above parity. Per cent distribution of body weight to individual limbs of cows suffering from various categories of lameness was significantly different from one another. Percentage distribution of total body weight on front and rear half of no lame cows was observed in a ratio of 26:21 while for right and left half it was 53:43. The pattern of front to rear and right to left distribution of per cent body weight of cows under various categories of lameness was similar. Shifting of per cent body weight to right and left hind limbs was significant. Lame cows reflected both contra lateral as well as diagonal weight shifting; moreover cows lame with hind limbs shifted their weight to their front limbs also.
Expression profile of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor in cyclic goat ovary
Authors: Chandra Vikas , Ram Hira , Sharma A K
Published: February 2024

Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid acylated peptide, was identified as the endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor and recently the role of ghrelin in reproduction was established. Total RNA was extracted from corpus luteum (CL) of the slaughterhouse derived goat ovaries of different stages of cyclicity. First strand cDNA synthesis was done using constant quantity of total RNA (8µg / 20 µl reaction mixture) and M-MuLV-RT at 36°C for 1h. Semi quantitative PCR analysis as well as real time PCR (Q-PCR) analysis revealed, persistent expression of ghrelin and its receptor throughout the estrous cycle. Ghrelin mRNA corresponded the activity of CL i.e. minimum expression in the degenerating CL and it was at peak in the fully grown CL and similar trend was also observed for ghrelin receptor. Further, ghrelin and its receptor was absent in prepubertal ovary while it was present in cyclic goat ovaries. It can be concluded that ghrelin may have role in the regulation of ovarian follicular development and early embryonic development.
Potential of anaerobic rumen fungi Orpinomyces joyonii to degrade lignified feedstuffs
Authors: Kumar S , Seghal J P , Mir Ishtiyak A , Jha P , Ganie Azaz A
Published: February 2024

The work was carried out to study the enzymes p- coumaroyl esterase, p-feruloyl esterase activity and in vitro fiber digestibility of wheat straw, paddy straw and total mixed ration (paddy straw: wheat straws: concentrate mixture in the ratio of 30:30:40) incorporated with the zoospores of anaerobic rumen fungi Orpinomyces joyonii. Significant increase in p-coumaroyl and p-feruloyl esterase activity was observed when Orpinomyces joyonii were incubated with paddy straw, wheat straw and TMR based medium as compared to control (without Orpinomyces joyonii). In vitro fiber digestibility of paddy straw, wheat straw and TMR increased significantly as compared to their respective control. It might be concluded that there were 5.0–9.7, 2.3–5.0 and 2.4–3.7% increase in IVDM, IVNDF and IVADF digestibility of paddy straw, wheat straw and total mixed ration incorporated with the zoospores of anaerobic rumen fungi Orpinomyces joyonii.
Effect of malic acid supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility and methanogenesis in wheat straw sorghum based total mixed diets in vitro
Authors: Sirohi S K , Pandey Poonam , Singh B , Goel Navneet , Mohini Madhu
Published: February 2024

An in vitro incubation system was used to evaluate effect of increasing concentration of malic acid at 0, 5, 10 and 15 mM in wheat straw sorghum diets of different roughage (R) and concentrate (C) ratios i.e. high fiber (80R:20C), medium fiber (50R:50C) and low fiber (20R:80C) diets on different rumen fermentation, total gas and methane production and gas kinetics parameters. All the treatment combinations were arranged in 4 × 3 factorial designs with 3 replicates. Feed samples (200 mg) were incubated in 100 ml calibrated glass syringes with 30 ml mixed rumen suspension for 24 h (methane and fermentation parameters) and 96 h for gas kinetics. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was significantly higher at 5 and 10 mM malic acid in almost all type of diets. A significantly increasing trend of partition factor and microbial biomass (mg) content was seen with increasing concentration of malic acid. Methane (mM/g DM) reduction was 47 to 65% in wheat straw sorghum diets. Significant reduction in ammonia- N concentration was noticed, however decreasing trend in protozoa number was seen in all type of diets but differences among diets remainednonsignificant. Potential gas production and rate constant increased in all dietary treatment combinations. The malic acid was significantly able to modify the rumen fermentation parameters which contributed towards reducing the methane production and the effect was variable depending upon different roughage and concentrate ratios.
Influence of indigenous galactogogue on performance of sows and piglets and related economics
Authors: S Ganesh Kumar , Singh Mukesh , Dutt Triveni , Patel M , Mandal A B , Kumar Sanjay , Mondal S K
Published: February 2024

The study was carried out to study the effect of indigenous galactogogue on the body weight gains of sow’s body weight and piglets during lactation and to work out on relative economics. Landrace × Desi sows (8) along with their piglets were randomly divided into 2 groups i.e. T1 and T2 (control and treated with galactogogue). Each sow of T1 and T2 had 14.3 and 13.8 piglets at birth, respectively. Body weight of sows was nonsignificantly influenced by treatment, however, total body weight losses during lactation differed significantly. Feed intake of sows up to weaning was not influenced by the treatment. Wean-to-heat interval was not significantly influenced by the treatment. Effect of galactogogue treatment on litter size and litter weight at birth, at weaning was nonsignificant. However, total litter weight at weaning was lower in T1 than T2. Mean weaning weight of each piglet in T2 was significantly higher than T1. The treatment influenced feed intake of piglets significantly, while pre-weaning mortality of piglets was not significantly influenced. No significant difference in serum glucose and protein was found between the treatments. Net benefit / sow was ` 115.22 and ` 587.82 in T1 and T2, respectively. It can be concluded that indigenous galactogogue treatment significantly improved weaning weight of piglets and reduced lactational weight loss in sows as well as it was found to be economically advantageous over control group.
Analisis Pengenalan Literasi Digital pada Anak di Lingkungan Keluarga
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Asoka Niscahya Alam Mayang
Published: February 2024

Human interaction patterns with digital media are becoming more intense as a result of digital disruption. Digital media can be beneficial, but it can also be detrimental. Therefore, digital literacy skills are needed to help people use digital media correctly, especially children. This can start from the family environment as the smallest organization closest to the child. This research aims to analyze the introduction of digital literacy to children in the family environment. This research was conducted by conducting a systematic literature review using a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques by examining Google Scholar-based journal article sources that are relevant to the research study. After collecting and obtaining data that is in accordance with the research study, the data is then analyzed using the content analysis method. The results of research on introducing digital literacy to children in the family environment can be divided into 4 parts, including 1) children are good imitators, 2) parents' digital literacy skills, 3) guidance and control, 4) developing digital literacy habits.
Skoleferdigheter i endring: Utviklingen over tid målt ved nasjonale prøver
Authors: Markussen Simen , Ræder Henrik Galligani , Røgeberg Ole , Raaum Oddbjørn
Published: February 2024

Offisielle tall basert på standardiserte nasjonale prøver i Norge viser stabile ferdigheter i lesing, regning og engelsk på 5. og 8. trinn mellom 2014 og 2021. Dette er over­raskende: Norske tall viser endring i internasjonale undersøkelser som PISA og TIMSS, pandemien innebar store endringer i skolehverdagen, og lesepraksis og eksponering for engelsk har endret seg systematisk over tid.
Vi benytter detaljerte data på oppgave-elev-nivå for å ettergå de offisielle tallene. Prøvene er rapportert på en felles skala ved hjelp av et design der en tilfeldig under­gruppe elever («ankerelever») får deler av oppgavesettet byttet ut med hemmeligholdte oppgaver som brukes over flere år («ankeroppgaver»). Vi viser at de tilfeldig trukne ankerelevene i snitt gjør det like bra som sine medelever på de års-spesifikke oppgavene, men systematisk annerledes enn ankerelever fra andre år når vi ser på sammenfallende ankeroppgaver. Vi analyserer også tidsutviklingen ved hjelp av IRT-modeller, og disse bekrefter klare endringer over tid. På begge klassetrinn lå gjennomsnittseleven i 2021 rundt et halvt standardavvik over 2014-snittet i engelsk. Det er mindre endringer for lesing og regning, men noe dårligere prestasjoner etter 2016.
Våre analyser avdekker også årsaken til at de offisielle tallene ikke fanger opp utviklingen. Programvaren Utdanningsdirektoratet har brukt (XCalibre) legger til grunn at ferdighetene hvert år avspeiler en standardisert ferdighetsfordeling. Det er åpenbart umulig å avdekke endring i ferdigheter på tvers av årskull dersom man antar at årskull­ene, i forventning, er helt like.
Samlet viser funnene at nasjonale prøver gir en rikere innsikt i elevers ferdighets­utvikling over tid enn tidligere antatt: Nasjonale prøver belyser viktige mønstre av betydning for utformingen av – og prioriteringene i – norsk skole.
Flerfaglig, tverrfaglig eller fagovergripende
Authors: Bjørkvold Tuva , Karlsen Kristine Høeg , Krallinger Kjersti Bartnæs
Published: February 2024

Faglig integrering og fagovergripende perspektiver blir i økende grad framhevet i internasjonale og nasjonale styringsdokumenter, samt i forskning. Ulike begreper brukes, som flerfaglig, tverrfaglig og fagovergripende, men hva som ligger i disse begrepene framstår som uklart. I denne studien analyserer vi hvordan lærerstudenter argumenterer for faglig integrering. Vi har følgende problemstilling: Hvilke strukturer kan identifiseres gjennom analyse av lærerstudenters argumentasjon for og gjennom faglig integrering på muntlig eksamen? Datamaterialet består av lærerstudenters muntlige eksamen på Master i begynneropplæringen i emnet fagovergripende perspektiver. Presentasjon, samt påfølgende eksaminasjon, sensorers drøfting og vurdering gitt til studenten, er videofilmet. Vi har gjennomført en argumentasjonsanalyse av studentpresentasjonene. Analysene identifiserer et grunnleggende skille mellom flerfaglig og tverrfaglig argumentasjon på den ene siden, og fagovergripende på den andre. Mens flerfaglighet og tverrfaglighet tar utgangspunkt i et perspektiv og argumenterer for dette, starter en fagovergripende argumentasjon med et overordnet syn som deretter fører fram til et perspektiv. Videre finner vi at eksamenskarakteren som blir satt, er uavhengig av formen for fagintegrerende argumentasjon studentene velger. Studiens formål er å bidra med økt innsikt i ulike argumentasjonsstrukturer og kan dermed gi økt klarhet rundt begrepene flerfaglig, tverrfaglig og fagovergripende. Dette kan heve bevisstheten rundt hvordan man argumenterer for didaktiske valg basert på et bestemt standpunkt, en problemstilling eller et læringssyn. Dette kan bidra til en dypere forståelse av måter faglig integrering kan fremmes på tvers av ulike fag og disipliner.
The importance of the study of breast neoplasms for the diagnosis: Case report
Authors: Kann Margareth Lima , Barreto Rafaella Rodrigues , Savelli Eduardo Vinicius Moreira , Hecke Lígia Paula Sutille , Medeiros Suzana Gaspar Lopes de , Ciraudo Fernanda de Magalhães Lopes , Machado Heloisa Helena Cardoso , Silva Gabriella Vasconcelos de Carvalho , Silva Edson Henrique Oliveira da
Published: February 2024

Objective: This article aims to highlight the importance of the study of breast neoplasms and their importance for the diagnosis of this disease, regarding its epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, screening and treatment. In addition, to deconstruct the stereotype that all patients with breast cancer present the same manifestations and evolve equally, in addition to reinforcing the understanding that each individual needs comprehensive care, so that not only the doctor, but the entire multidisciplinary team, can provide quality care, observing and respecting the specificities of each person, with the aim of offering - in addition to cancer treatment - quality of life.
The approach of andragogy in a mechanical engineering course
Authors: Oliveira Marco Antônio Moreira de , Cordeiro Moisés Nivaldo , Kulman Cristiano
Published: February 2024

For adult students of Engineering courses, one of the greatest challenges is, through their successes and setbacks, creating a critical awareness through their experiences and continuing to seek more assertive conduct in the face of technical and human procedures in everyday life. Studies of this nature with the aim of understanding teaching and learning processes based on Andragogy, can contribute to the technical and human development of these adults during their academic training, but the studies limited, proving the need for further development in technological education. The strategy with a focus on Andragogy taken in a restricted universe, through descriptive methods of a qualitative and exploratory nature, through documentary analysis with bibliographic review. The use of a questionnaire with a target audience of adults between 18 and 30 years old, 51 students from odd-numbered semesters (1st to 9th) of the Mechanical Engineering course at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul – IFRS, Campus Ibirubá – RS, allowed an analysis of the profile of students and conceptions on the subject. In this direction of structures of thought and in search of answers and reflections, the data obtained were due to the possibility of structuring educational strategies based on Andragogy. Proposing a new teaching-learning relationships using active methodologies for adults in a meaningful way.
Theory detached from practice: A critique of the History course and exams of the IB Diploma Programme
Authors: Vieira Enio Everton Arlindo
Published: February 2024

This article aims to make a short analysis of the manuals of the History course of the Diploma Program, a high school program of the international curriculum established by the International Baccalaureate. Through the program's own teacher's manuals, and some examples of History teaching material, we seek to perceive the contradictions between the learning objectives and their practical application. If the textbooks preach a modern and interpretative historiography, the didactic materials and tests of the program are still very attached to a traditional, content-based and positivist vision of history, contradicting what the IB preaches what it expects from its students, and what it demands in its evaluations.
Speech therapy during breastfeeding in maternity wards
Authors: Ana Gabriela Rocha de Santa , Nunes Eveline de Lima
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Breastfeeding is the most appropriate way of providing growth and development of the child's structures and functions, such as breathing, sucking, swallowing, chewing and speaking. Currently, there are several campaigns to encourage exclusive breastfeeding, which seek to support mothers throughout this process. However, the figures still point to a large number of children suffering from early weaning. The aim of this study is to describe the role of speech therapy in maternity wards and how speech therapy can be better valued in the area of breastfeeding. Methodology: Through an integrative literature review, this study analyzed the scientific production on speech therapy during breastfeeding in maternity hospitals, from articles in Portuguese, published between 2018 and 2023. Results and Discussion: Of the 9 articles included in this research, the following were unanimously addressed: breastfeeding and speech therapy. In addition, factors that influence breastfeeding were also presented in all the papers. Studies have highlighted how much puerperae and newborns tend to gain from a skilled professional's approach to orofacial and human communication disorders, making the approaches more specialized and humanized. Conclusion: This study described the role of speech therapists in maternity wards, who are trained to disseminate information about the benefits of breastfeeding, promote a greater bond between the mother-newborn dyad, assess feeding and sucking patterns and prevent early weaning. With regard to valuing the work of speech and hearing therapists in the field of breastfeeding, there was a lack of clear and relevant information on speech and hearing therapies, strengthening and reinforcing the need for actions that promote an individual environment and moment to deal with issues of breastfeeding and how the speech and hearing therapist should be included in this scenario.
Financial intervention in public transport of Manaus
Authors: Chaves Andréia Ramos , Minori Américo Matsuo , Lima Orlem Pinheiro de , Correia Filho Wlademir Leite , Lira Gilson de Lima
Published: February 2024

The desapointment from population about public transport concessionaires services in the City of Manaus lead the then municipal manager carried out a financial intervention in the transport system, in the years 2019 to 2020. This article proposes an analysis of the population's perception about the improvement in the service after the implementation of the proposals suggested by the City Hall. The research had as a source of bibliographic review the websites, books, articles and indirect documentation generated by the Manaus City Hall, as well as an interview with 110 users of the service. The quantitative results obtained from the survey showed that most respondents still did not have a perception of improvement in the service, however, the analysis of the information collected shows that many of the proposed measures were implemented and others created, aiming to change this scenario.
Verification of deficient learning skills in diagnostic hypotheses of ADHD: An experience report
Authors: Barasuol Fabiana Fagundes , Rodrigues Michele Aparecida Cerqueira
Published: February 2024

Learning skills are fundamental to the educational context, as they directly influence students' academic success and throughout their lives. Therefore, this article is an experience report on the verification of deficient learning skills in cases of students with predominantly inattentive Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). For data collection, non-restricted neuropsychopedagogical tests were applied to a random sample of 9 children, female (n=4) e male (n=5). The tests were carried out in a private clinic in the city of Ijuí, a Brazilian municipality located in Rio Grande do Sul. It was observed that the performances were deficient in auditory skills and executive functions, followed by emotional aspects. Previous studies by different authors corroborated the results of this research.
Free Radios and Freedom Speech: Theory and practice in Latin America and Europe
Authors: Novaes Thiago
Published: February 2024

The radio spectrum is a public good, to which complementary access must be guaranteed, in order to offer public, commercial and community, using the technologies available at the time. The current investigation aims to describe a set of radio practices that influence what is known as the concept of community radio, assuming as a challenge its contrast with an autonomous political project, of civil disobedience, practiced by free radio stations in Europe and Latin America. In addition to a historical record, the article intends to contribute to political theory and communication policies of interest to civil society.
Behaviorism, Cognitivism or Humanism? The Theory of Meaningful Learning and the construction of knowledge about its frontiers and possibilities
Authors: Silva Charlene Rose Reis , Itoz Clarete de , Deziderio Shirlei Nabarrete
Published: February 2024

This study makes up the large universe of Research in Physics Teaching, which extends from higher education to Basic Education, in the quest to understand the problem of school ineffectiveness. This is a difficulty in Physics, but not only, so the solution will depend on joint efforts to understand its causes. Starting from the systematic study of learning theories, directly linked to one of the disciplines of the National Professional Master's Course in Physics Teaching, a comparison is made between the theoretical approaches that categorize the three main theories studied: behaviorism, cognitivism, and humanism. The results of the analysis show that, on the one hand, there is an explicit discourse in favor of the Meaningful Learning Theory to support the Teaching-Learning process, but on the other, it is the humanistic practice that enters the classroom, through inclusive appeals and methodological suggestions, and end up transferring the focus of the school process to the students. Based on one of Ausubel's proposals, to progressively differentiate and then integratively reconcile any theme, the conclusion is a critical reflection capable of redirecting the focus of teaching toward teachers.
Technology assessment, impacts and public policies: A review on electric vehicles in Brazil
Authors: Soares Rafael Ayres , Oliveira Carlos Henriques Ventura do Rosario , Monteiro Paulo Roberto Duailibe
Published: February 2024

This article addresses electric mobility in Brazil, highlighting the advances, perspectives and impacts. The absence of detailed national regulations has been an obstacle to the advancement of the sector. The lack of standardization, standards and awareness also has an impact on the electric vehicle market in the country, as well as the dependence on imported components regarding the high cost of electric vehicles. One of the main challenges is the impact on the power grid from vehicle recharges. The growth of electric mobility has the potential to overwhelm existing infrastructure, especially during peak hours. The analysis of the scenario and perspectives not only drive the development of electric mobility in Brazil, but can also help manage the impact on the grid, ensuring a sustainable growth of the sector and positioning the country as a technology exporter.
Asfiksia Neonatorum
Authors: Lydia Lestari Dhina
Published: February 2024

Asfiksia neonatorum adalah suatu kegagalan bayi bernafas secara spontan dan teratur sesaat setelah dilahirkan. Asfiksia neonatorum dapat ditandai dengan gejala berupa rendahnya kadar oksigen dalam darah (hipoksemia), tingginya kadar karbon dioksida dalam darah (hiperkarbia), dan menumpuknya asam dalam darah (asidosis). asfiksia merupakan salah satu penyebab dari kematian tertinggi ketiga untuk neonatus di Indonesia. Asfiksia neonatorum yang tidak ditangani dengan baik akan diikuti dengan kegagalan banyak organ. Asfiksia dapat dicegah dengan mengendalikan faktor risiko dari ibu dan bayi selama masa kehamilan dan persalinan.
Adherence to treatment in older adults with Diabetes Mellitus. Medical Office 124
Authors: González Baños Yanara , Terrado Almarales Osiris Oscar , Salgado Izquierdo Maikel Santiago , Echevarria Cabrera Eunice , Morejón Rosales Yuday , Curbelo Fajardo Juan Carlos
Published: February 2024

Introduction: low adherence to treatment is a problem for the control of diabetes mellitus. It is a disease present due to its impact on morbidity and mortality in the country. Objective: to characterize adherence to treatment in older adults with diabetes mellitus at the 124th medical office of the Hermanos Cruz polyclinic in the municipality of Pinar del Río during the period from January 2021 to June 2023. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out; the universe was constituted by 138 older adults, a sample was selected by non-probabilistic sampling of 124 patients, theoretical and empirical methods were used, applying the questionnaire for the evaluation of therapeutic adherence and influential factors and descriptive statistics, using absolute and relative frequencies. Results: There was a predominance of older diabetic adults aged 70 years and over (62,1 %); 59,6 % were female, with a pre-university school level (54 %); with 48,4 % partial adherence to treatment, arterial hypertension as an associated chronic disease in 61,3 %, 29,8 % comply with the indicated diet, 31,4 % take the medication on the established schedule, the influential factor in non-compliance with treatment was forgetfulness in 71 %. Conclusions: older adults with diabetes mellitus had a predominance of partial adherence to treatment.
Delirium is Under-Detected on Routine Screening with the CAM: a Sub-Study from World Delirium Awareness Day
Authors: Byrnes Tru , Gombar Meridith , Price Sarah , Cochran Allyson , Love Karrie , Gregory Amanda , Rankin Veronica , Daye-Whitehead Katrina
Published: February 2024

Background

Delirium is an acute change in mental status that affects more than 2.6 million hospitalised adults annually. Patients who experience delirium suffer extended hospital stays and increased mortality and morbidity. Delirium screening is fundamental in driving prevention and early detection. This project aimed to examine delirium assessment, recognition for patients over 18, barriers to implementing delirium prevention treatment, and report qualitative findings for delirium care.

Method

In mid-March 2023, 11 Clinical Nurse Leaders in the Southeast Region of the United States participated in a study to increase awareness of delirium called World Delirium Awareness Day. Data was collected using an online survey to assess unit census, the number of CAM assessments, and positive CAM screening at 8:00 A.M (+/- 4 hrs) and 8:00 PM (+/- 4 hrs). Patients were defined as having delirium if their electronic healthcare record documentation reflected at least one occurrence of a positive CAM score. The survey comprised 39 “select all that apply” questions and three open-ended questions.

Results

Results show 418 (64%) CAM assessments were completed. Greater compliance was found during the morning assessment than the evening shift. Differences in nursing practice and opinions were also identified between General and High Acuity Units. Among patients receiving assessments, delirium recognition was 2% (8:00 A.M.) and 3% (8:00 P.M.). There was a significant difference in the use of multi-professional daily goals between the two unit types as a non-pharmacologic intervention for delirium (General: 0% vs. High Acuity: 100%, p=.003). Barriers identified: shortage of personnel, interprofessional communication gaps, and difficult-to-assess patients. Recommendations for delirium care include staff education and implementing an EHR tool to remind nurses to assess and document delirium.

Conclusion

Findings from this study reveal the need for staff education, support, and the enhancement of resources to promote delirium prevention.
Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indoor Fine Dusts from Residential and Public Buildings in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Kambi M. , Osuji Leo C. , Onojake M. C.
Published: February 2024

The sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor fine dust from residential and public buildings in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria was investigated using source apportionment tools such as diagnostic/isomeric ratios, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). A total of twenty-seven indoor fine dusts comprising of twenty samples from residential building and seven samples from public buildings were collected from Port Harcourt. The PAHs in the dust samples were quantified by gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after extraction by ultra-sonication with hexane/dichloromethane/acetone and cleaned up   on a silica gel/alumina column. The Σ16 PAH concentrations in the indoor fine dusts ranged from 3136 µg kg-1 to 44332 µg kg-1 for residential buildings and 2580 µg kg-1 to 15372 µg kg-1 for public buildings. The results of source apportionment indicated that the PAHs in the indoor fine dusts were from mixed sources pyrogenic sources (coal, wood, petroleum, biomass, and fossil fuel combustion) and petrogenic sources with significant contribution from pyrogenic sources.