bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healthcare professionals' trust in patients: A review of the empirical and theoretical literatures
Authors: Sousa‐Duarte Fernanda , Brown Patrick , Mendes Ana Magnólia
Published: September 2020

Trust is considered as an important process in establishing positive patient–professional relationships and healthcare outcomes. While many studies denote the mutual–reciprocal nature of trust, there is a strong tendency to consider professionals merely as trustees. This article presents a review of literature addressing healthcare professionals' trust in patients, aiming to identify and compare more theoretical and more empirical contributions on the topic as a basis for developing a research agenda. We examine 31 theoretical and empirical peer‐reviewed articles that address healthcare professionals' trust in patients, either as the primary or secondary focus. We found that healthcare professionals' trust in patients is still overlooked in empirical trust studies into healthcare, despite several theoretical and review articles emphasising the relevance of the topic. We propose that future empirical research considers professionals' uncertainties and vulnerabilities, and that theoretical studies reflect more on methodological approaches for researching their conceptualisations. Moreover, our findings suggest that while system‐based understandings have been seen as important for considering how patients trust in their healthcare, we argue that these same abstract systems—professional, ethical, organisational and legal—are vital to understanding how doctors become vulnerable, and therefore, how trust in their patients becomes pertinent, in their everyday work.
Health interventions among mobile pastoralists: a systematic review to guide health service design
Authors: Wild Hannah , Mendonsa Emily , Trautwein Micah , Edwards Jeffrey , Jowell Ashley , GebreGiorgis Kidanu Ashenafi , Tschopp Rea , Barry Michele
Published: September 2020

Objective

Mobile pastoralists are one of the last populations to be reached by health services and are frequently missed by health campaigns. Since health interventions among pastoralists have been staged across a range of disciplines but have not yet been systematically characterised, we set out to fill this gap.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, CINAL, Web of Science, WHO Catalog, AGRICOLA, CABI, ScIELO, Google Scholar and grey literature repositories to identify records that described health interventions, facilitators and barriers to intervention success, and factors influencing healthcare utilisation among mobile pastoralists. No date restrictions were applied. Due to the heterogeneity of reports captured in this review, data were primarily synthesised through narrative analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for data elements presented by a majority of records.

Results

Our search yielded 4884 non‐duplicate records, of which 140 eligible reports were included in analysis. 89.3% of reports presented data from sub‐Saharan Africa, predominantly in East Africa (e.g. Ethiopia, 30.0%; Kenya, 17.1%). Only 24.3% of reports described an interventional study, while the remaining 75.7% described secondary data of interest on healthcare utilisation. Only two randomised controlled trials were present in our analysis, and only five reports presented data on cost. The most common facilitators of intervention success were cultural sensitivity (n = 16), community engagement (n = 12) and service mobility (n = 11).

Conclusion

Without adaptations to account for mobile pastoralists’ unique subsistence patterns and cultural context, formal health services leave pastoralists behind. Research gaps, including neglect of certain geographic regions, lack of both interventional studies and diversity of study design, and limited data on economic feasibility of interventions must be addressed to inform the design of health services capable of reaching mobile pastoralists. Pastoralist‐specific delivery strategies, such as combinations of mobile and ‘temporary fixed’ services informed by transhumance patterns, culturally acceptable waiting homes, community‐directed interventions and combined joint human‐animal One Health design as well as the bundling of other health services, have shown initial promise upon which future work should build.
Is There an App for That? Apps for Post-Secondary Students With Attention Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Fichten Catherine S. , Havel Alice , Jorgensen Mary , Arcuri Rosie , Vo Christine
Published: September 2020

We compiled a comprehensive list of apps related to coping with academic work by post-secondary students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by examining 23 recent sources. Most of these were based on the opinion of single individuals, including persons with ADHD and experts. To discover relatively common apps, we summed the number of sources that mentioned each app and then checked with the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store to ensure availability in the summer of 2020. In the process it became apparent that while most apps directly supported schoolwork (e.g., calendars, timers, reminders) there were a variety of apps that, while not directly related to schoolwork, were apps that can support academic achievement by dealing with daily life demands (not ADHD therapy or assessment). We categorized apps related to both schoolwork as well as to aspects of daily life demands that can make academic work easier. Here we present the 20 most frequently mentioned schoolwork related apps and the eight most frequently mentioned daily life demands apps. Our findings suggest that if access coordinators, campus disability service providers, ADHD coaches and students with ADHD focus solely on schoolwork related apps, they will be missing an important part of the equation. They need to broaden their scope to ensure that students also have the help they need to structure and manage their daily life responsibilities, rather than simply focusing on doing schoolwork.
Recommended Stress Formulae for Tubular Conical Transition Designs
Authors: Ku Albert , Chen Jieyan
Published: September 2020

For the design of tubular conical transitions, the axial, bending, and hoop stresses at the junctions are required. Among the offshore design standards, API RP-2A, ISO 19902, and NORSOK N-004, various equations exist for the same stress quantity which may cause confusions. The quality of these existing stress formulae will be examined in this paper. The tubular conical stress equations used in the offshore industry started from Boardman’s studies in the 1940s. Recently, Lotsberg re-formulated this problem and applied the results to stress concentration factor (SCF) applications. This paper solves the same set of shell equations but the formulations are cast in a different form. This new format allows for an in-depth examination of existing code equations. In addition, the formulation as presented can be used for modifications to gain higher accuracy. Several recommended new stress formulae are provided. It is observed that the existing code provisions’ accuracy quickly deteriorates for cases where plate thickness in tubular and cone differ. The recommended approach is based on theoretical framework of shell mechanics, which better facilitate tubular/cone force balances when compared with existing equations. The sectional relationships among moment, shear, and hoop loads are also treated consistently using shell theory. The resulted improvements make the recommended formulae more accurate than the existing provisions.
Irreversible time dependence of gelled waxy crude oils: Flow experiments and modeling
Authors: Abedi Behbood , C. Rodrigues Elias , de Souza Mendes Paulo R.
Published: September 2020

We introduce a constitutive model to describe the rheological behavior of gelled waxy crude oil. The irreversible time-dependence effects were experimentally characterized and incorporated into the model. The model is developed with basis on the data of standard rheological tests to determine the parameters of novel material functions that arise in the model development procedure, namely, flow curve, destruction, and construction tests. The fluidity is directly employed as the indicator of the structuring level of the material. Good agreement is observed between the model predictions and the data, corroborating its potential as a useful tool in the study of start-up flows of gelled crudes in pipelines.
Can Europe tame the pandemic's next wave?
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: September 2020

Countries seek new strategies as coronavirus cases are rising again across the continent
Malaria fighters' latest chemical weapon may not last long
Authors: Makoni Munyaradzi
Published: September 2020

Clothianidin-resistant mosquitoes already seen in Cameroon
The carbon vault
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: September 2020

Industrial waste can combat climate change by turning carbon dioxide into stone
Evaluation of Two Commercial Broth Microdilution Methods Using Different Interpretive Criteria for the Detection of Molecular Mechanisms of Acquired Azole and Echinocandin Resistance in Four Common
Candida
Species
Authors: Lim Ha Jin , Shin Jong Hee , Kim Mi-Na , Yong Dongeun , Byun Seung A. , Choi Min Ji , Lee Seung Yeob , Won Eun Jeong , Kee Seung-Jung , Kim Soo Hyun , Shin Myung-Geun
Published: September 2020

The abilities of the new Vitek 2 AST-YS08 (YS08) and Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) systems to detect the resistances of
Candida
isolates to azoles and echinocandins were evaluated. In total, 292 isolates, including 28
Candida albicans
(6 Erg11 and 2 Fks mutants), 57
Candida parapsilosis
(26 Erg11 mutants), 24
Candida tropicalis
(10 Erg11 and 1 Fks mutants), and 183
Candida glabrata
(39 Pdr1 and 13 Fks mutants) isolates, were tested.
Presence of Gastric Pepsinogen in the Trachea Is Associated with Altered Inflammation and Microbial Composition
Authors: Krishnan Usha , Singh Harveen , Tedla Nicodemus , Leach Steven T. , Kaakoush Nadeem O.
Published: September 2020

Gastroesophageal reflux is a common gastrointestinal issue that can lead to aspiration and contribute to respiratory problems. Little is known about how reflux can alter the respiratory microenvironment. We aimed to determine if the presence of gastric pepsinogen in the trachea was associated with changes in the microbial and inflammatory microenvironment. A pediatric cohort at high risk of reflux aspiration was prospectively recruited, and the tracheal microenvironment was examined. Pepsinogen A3 (PGA3) and cytokines were measured.
Emergence and Magnitude of ML336 Resistance in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Depend on the Microenvironment
Authors: Lee Jasper , Parvathareddy Jyothi , Yang Dong , Bansal Shruti , O’Connell Kathryn , Golden Jennifer E. , Jonsson Colleen B.
Published: September 2020

RNA viruses, including Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), have high mutation rates that allow for rapid adaptation to selective pressures in their environment. Antiviral compounds exert one such pressure on virus populations during infections. Next-generation sequencing allows for examination of viruses at the population level, which enables tracking of low levels of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the population over time. Therefore, the timing and extent of the emergence of resistance to antivirals can be tracked and assessed. We show here that in VEEV, the trajectory and penetration of antiviral resistance reflected the microenvironment in which the virus population replicates. In summary, we show the diversity of VEEV within a single population under antiviral pressure and two distinct cell types, and we show that population dynamics in these viruses can be examined to better understand how they evolve over time.
Supplemental Material: Late Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific Plate “scissors-like” subduction: Insight from the magmatism in the Gan-Hang Belt, Southeast China
Authors: Boran Liu , Xilin Zhao , Shengyao Yu , al. et
Published: September 2020

Tables S1–S6.
Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura in a child: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Orbe Jaramillo Irene Alejandra , De Lucas Collantes Carmen , Martínez de Azagra Amelia , Sebastián Elena
Published: September 2020

Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy characterised by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and organ ischaemia. TTP is caused by a severe functional deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity. We describe a 10-year-old girl presenting anaemia and thrombocytopaenia with schistocytes. Urine protein to creatinine ratio was within nephrotic range. ADAMTS13 activity was 0%, and no anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies were found. A renal biopsy showed deposits of IgG, C3 and C1q in the capillary membrane, compatible with class V lupus nephritis. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was performed in conjunction with therapy consisting of steroids and mycophenolate mofetil. After 11 months of follow-up, the patient remains in remission with normal ADAMTS13 activity. Although acquired TTP is a rare finding in children, differential diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy should include ADAMTS13 and the assay should be performed early. TTP treatment is based on TPE, although the underlying disease must be ruled out to optimise treatment and prevent relapse.
Sedation challenges in patients with E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI)
Authors: Maslonka Matthew Antone , Schertz Adam Ross , Markowski Lauren Michelle , Miller Peter John
Published: September 2020

E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) has become an epidemic that is increasingly affecting patients across USA. Recently, over 2100 cases have been reported in 49 states, resulting in at least 42 deaths. We present a case of rapid respiratory failure in an otherwise healthy and young patient who used a vaporiser containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during the month prior to admission. The patient eventually required mechanical ventilation. There were significant challenges in achieving the appropriate level of sedation during intubation and mechanical ventilation. As more EVALI cases are being diagnosed in recent months, we highlight an aspect that may be unique to the population of patients who vaporise THC—high sedative and analgesic requirements during intubation and mechanical ventilation.
Primary mixed large cell neuroendocrine and high grade serous carcinoma of the endometrium
Authors: Hardy Liesel Elisabeth , Chaudry Zia , Wan King , Ayres Chloe
Published: September 2020

Endometrial large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma admixed with a high-grade serous (HGS) adenocarcinoma is extremely rare with only one reported case in the literature. We present the second reported case in a 47-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, distension and loss of weight. On examination she had a fixed pelvic mass and vascular left vaginal mass. Imaging confirmed a 13 cm solid cystic rectouterine pelvic mass, omental disease and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. She underwent a modified posterior exenteration, partial posterior vaginectomy, omentectomy and Hartmanns procedure with suboptimal debulking. Histopathology revealed a stage 4B mixed carcinoma with large cell neuroendocrine (70%) and HGS carcinoma (30%). Eight cycles of adjuvant cisplatin and paclitaxel were given with a complete radiological and biochemical response after 7 months. Unfortunately, she developed widespread recurrence at 9 month and was offered second line chemotherapy.
Desperate times, desperate measures: successful use of chemotherapy in treatment of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) due to disseminated histoplasmosis
Authors: Singh Sunny Rajendra Kumar , Thanikachalam Kannan , Donthireddy Vijayalakshmi
Published: September 2020

We describe a case of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis, which was treated with chemotherapy in addition to standard antifungal therapy. While HLH in the setting of infections is very well described, its treatment in this setting is controversial, with some physicians treating only the underlying infection, whereas others using immune suppression in addition to antimicrobials. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the successful treatment of an adult patient with HLH due to disseminated histoplasmosis using etoposide chemotherapy after initial antifungal therapy failed to show improvement.
Concomitant myopericarditis and takotsubo syndrome following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Tan Nicholas Yick Loong , Anavekar Nandan S , Wiley Brandon M
Published: September 2020

A 62-year-old man with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma presented with ST elevation myocardial infarction had received one dose of nivolumab 3 weeks prior. Cardiac catheterisation was negative for obstructive coronary artery disease. He was transferred to the cardiac intensive care unit due to ventricular arrhythmias and markedly elevated troponin T levels. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction of 18% (normal 55%–70%) with mid and apical ballooning consistent with takotsubo syndrome (TTS). Intravenous glucocorticoids were administered due to suspicion for superimposed myocarditis. Cardiac MRI 3 days later showed mid-myocardial and subepicardial delayed enhancement in the inferior and lateral walls as well as apex indicative of myopericarditis. He clinically improved on steroids and was discharged with outpatient follow-up. This case highlights major cardiac complications that may arise with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. In addition, it emphasises the importance of assessing for concomitant myocarditis even when initial imaging suggests TTS.
Management of large congenital chylous ascites in a preterm infant: fetal and neonatal interventions
Authors: Sooklin Loo , Anand Amudha Jayanthi , Rajadurai Victor Samuel , Chandran Suresh
Published: September 2020

Congenital chylous ascites is a rare cause of ascites in newborn infants. Its aetiology varies from localised leaky lymphatic duct to genetic syndromes. Most of these cases have transient ascites resolving over time with conservative management but some may progress needing medical as well as surgical treatment. We describe a case of antenatally detected large fetal ascites necessitating abdominal paracentesis and amnioreduction. Marked respiratory distress at birth required urgent abdominal paracentesis to relieve symptoms. The infant initially showed a good response to medium chain triglyceride (MCT) based formula milk feeds. Feeds were discontinued for 3 weeks due to sepsis with ileus. On recovery, recommencement of feeds resulted in reaccumulation of ascites. As the response to MCT-based formula was inadequate, octreotide therapy was initiated. Ascites showed remarkable resolution over the next 2 weeks and was discharged home. Follow-up at 5 years of age revealed normal growth and neurodevelopment.
Rare aetiology of abdominal pain: contained abscess secondary to perforated jejunal diverticulitis
Authors: Yeung Enoch , Kumar Vishal , Dewar Zachary , Behm Robert
Published: September 2020

A patient with a history of multiple jejunal diverticulosis (JD) presented with a non-peritonitic abdominal pain and leucocytosis. CT scan showed a thick-walled interloop collection within the left mid-abdomen with dilated bowels and mild diffuse air-fluid levels. Exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple diverticular outpouchings in the mid-jejunum, one of which was perforated, contained within the mesentery. Resection of the contained abscess and primary anastomosis were performed subsequently.
COVID-19 complicated by hepatic dysfunction in a 28-week pregnant woman
Authors: Anness Abigail , Siddiqui Farah
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 outbreak has spread across the globe at an alarming rate. As the pandemic escalates, experience of COVID-19 in pregnant women is accumulating. We present a case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a 28-week pregnant woman with a known low lying placenta. The patient had deranged liver function tests at presentation, along with elevated bile acids. We discuss the differential diagnosis of these findings, and the possible mechanisms of hepatic injury in COVID-19. The low lying placenta in this patient meant that we had to carefully consider the application of recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant COVID-19 patients. With supportive management, this patient improved enough to be discharged, and has gone on to deliver a healthy neonate at term.
Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in severe COVID-19 infection
Authors: Taxbro Knut , Kahlow Hannes , Wulcan Hannes , Fornarve Anna
Published: September 2020

We report the case of a 38-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with fever, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, dry cough, breathlessness and abdominal pain. He was admitted due to hypoxaemia and was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 and was subsequently referred to the intensive care unit for intubation and mechanical ventilation. Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury developed 4 days later and were suspected after noticing discolouration of the urine and a marked increase in plasma myoglobin levels. Treatment included hydration, forced diuresis and continuous renal replacement therapy. In addition to the coronavirus disease acute respiratory distress syndrome, he was diagnosed with possible SARS-CoV-2-induced myositis with severe rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure. The patient survived and was discharged from intensive care after 12 days, returning home 23 days after hospitalisation, fully mobilised with a partially restored kidney function.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of tranexamic acid for the treatment of traumatic brain injury, based on the results of the CRASH-3 randomised trial: a decision modelling approach
Authors: Williams Jack , Roberts Ian , Shakur-Still Haleema , Lecky Fiona E , Chaudhri Rizwana , Miners Alec
Published: September 2020

Introduction

An estimated 69 million traumatic brain injuries (TBI) occur each year worldwide, with most in low-income and middle-income countries. The CRASH-3 randomised trial found that intravenous administration of tranexamic acid within 3 hours of injury reduces head injury deaths in patients sustaining a mild or moderate TBI. We examined the cost-effectiveness of tranexamic acid treatment for TBI.

Methods

A Markov decision model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of treatment with and without tranexamic acid, in addition to current practice. We modelled the decision in the UK and Pakistan from a health service perspective, over a lifetime time horizon. We used data from the CRASH-3 trial for the risk of death during the trial period (28 days) and patient quality of life, and data from the literature to estimate costs and long-term outcomes post-TBI. We present outcomes as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and 2018 costs in pounds for the UK, and US dollars for Pakistan. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) per QALY gained were estimated, and compared with country specific cost-effective thresholds. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were also performed.

Results

Tranexamic acid was highly cost-effective for patients with mild TBI and intracranial bleeding or patients with moderate TBI, at £4288 per QALY in the UK, and US$24 per QALY in Pakistan. Tranexamic acid was 99% and 98% cost-effective at the cost-effectiveness thresholds for the UK and Pakistan, respectively, and remained cost-effective across all deterministic sensitivity analyses. Tranexamic acid was even more cost-effective with earlier treatment administration. The cost-effectiveness for those with severe TBI was uncertain.

Conclusion

Early administration of tranexamic acid is highly cost-effective for patients with mild or moderate TBI in the UK and Pakistan, relative to the cost-effectiveness thresholds used. The estimated ICERs suggest treatment is likely to be cost-effective across all income settings globally.
Potential traumatic events in the workplace and depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress: a cross-sectional study among Dutch gynaecologists, paediatricians and orthopaedic surgeons
Authors: Scheepstra Karel Willem Frank , Pauw Hannah S , van Steijn Minouk Esmee , Stramrood Claire A I , Olff Miranda , van Pampus Maria G
Published: September 2020

Objective

To compare the prevalence of work-related potential traumatic events (PTEs), support protocols and mental health symptoms across Dutch gynaecologists, orthopaedic surgeons and paediatricians.

Design

Cross-sectional study, supplementary analysis of combined data.

Setting

Nationwide survey between 2014 and 2017.

Participants

An online questionnaire was sent to all Dutch gynaecologists, orthopaedic surgeons and paediatricians, including resident physicians (4959 physicians). 1374 questionnaires were eligible for analysis, corresponding with a response rate of 27.7%.

Outcome measures

Primary outcome measures were the prevalence of work-related PTEs, depression, anxiety, psychological distress and traumatic stress, measured with validated screening instruments (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Trauma Screening Questionnaire). Secondary outcomes were the association of mental health and defensive practice to traumatic events and support protocols.

Results

Of the respondents, 20.8% experienced a work-related PTE at least 4 weeks ago. Prevalence rates indicative of depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were 6.4%, 13.6% and 1.5%, respectively. Depression (9.2% vs 5.2%, p=0.019), anxiety (18.2% vs 8.2%, p<0.001) and psychological distress (22.8% vs 12.5%, p<0.001) were significantly more prevalent in female compared with male attendings. The absence of a support protocol was significantly associated with more probable PTSD (p=0.022). Those who witnessed a PTE, reported more defensive work changes (28.0% vs 20.5%, p=0.007) and those with probable PTSD considered to quit medical work more often (60.0% vs 35.8%, p=0.032).

Conclusion

Physicians are frequently exposed to PTEs with high emotional impact over the course of their career. Lacking a support protocol after adverse events was associated with more post-traumatic stress. Adverse events were associated with considering to quit medical practice and a more defensive practice. More awareness must be created for the mental health of physicians as well as for the implementation of a well-organised support system after PTEs.
Gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Yuelin , Wan Sheng , Gu Shengyi , Mou Zhengqian , Dong Lingling , Luo Zhongcheng , Zhang Jun , Hua Xiaolin
Published: September 2020

Objective

To assess the associations of gestational weight gain (GWG) in early and late pregnancy with subsequent risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Shanghai, China.

Participants

We studied 2630 nulliparous singleton pregnant women with complete data on weight gain in early (≤17 weeks of gestation) and late (>17 weeks) pregnancy in the Shanghai Birth Cohort.

Methods

GWG was standardised into z-scores by gestational age and categorised as low (z-score <−1), normal (−1 to +1) and high (>1). The adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and 95%CIs were estimated through log-binomial regression models. Interaction effects between GWG and some other adjustment factors were tested, further stratified analyses were performed separately where interaction terms were significant.

Outcome measures

Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Results

Independent from GWG in late pregnancy, higher GWG in early pregnancy was associated with higher risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (aRR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.48), caesarean section (aRR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.39) and prolonged hospitalisation (aRR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.38). Higher GWG in late pregnancy was independently associated with higher risks of caesarean section (aRR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.41), large for gestational age (aRR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.50 to 2.7) and macrosomia (aRR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.30 to 2.78). In addition, the risk of gestational hypertension increased significantly with increased total GWG (aRR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.76). The effects of GWG in late pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes were significantly different between the women bearing a female and the women bearing male fetus.

Conclusion

The GWG associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes differ at early and late pregnancy, and there may be effect modification by fetal sex in the association of GWG in late pregnancy with some pregnancy outcomes.
The novel Tenzing 7 delivery catheter designed to deliver intermediate catheters to the face of embolus without crossing: clinical performance predicted in anatomically challenging model
Authors: Frölich Andreas Maximilian , Kim Warren , Stribrny Knut , Jansen Olav , Möhlenbruch Markus , Szikora Istvan , Wodarg Fritz , Fiehler Jens , Otto Kim , Chou Tony , Buhk Jan Hendrik , English Joey
Published: September 2020

Background

In large vessel occlusionstroke, navigation of aspiration catheters (AC) can be impeded by vessel tortuosity and the ophthalmic artery origin. A novel tapered delivery catheter was designed to facilitate delivery without disturbing the embolus. We assessed AC deliverability in vitro and validated the observations in a first-in-human experience.

Methods

In a vascular model with three challenging craniocervical scenarios, two commercial AC were advanced from the carotid to the middle cerebral artery by four neurointerventionalists. Catheter deliverability with standard microwire and microcatheter (MC) combinations and the Tenzing 7 (T7) Delivery Catheter (Route 92 Medical, San Mateo, CA) were compared. Operators rated aspects of catheter deliverability on a 5-point scale. Results were compared with device delivery patterns at a neurovascular center before and after clinical introduction of T7.

Results

In vitro, success rate and speed were higher with T7 (96%; mean 30±10 s) than with MC (65%; 72±47 s, p<0.001 each), with fewer interactions with the occlusion site (T7: 54% vs MC: 77%, p=0.004). T7 received superior ratings regarding carotid artery deflection (T7: 2, IQR1-3 vs MC: 3, IQR2-3, p<0.001), guide catheter pushback (T7: 2, IQR1-3 vs MC: 3, IQR3-3, p<0.001) and ophthalmic artery passage (T7: 1.5, IQR1-2 vs MC: 4, IQR3-5, p<0.001). Before introduction of T7 at a single center, delivery of AC to a large vessel occlusion without crossing was achieved in 15/123 cases (12%). With T7, this rate was 28/31 patients (90.3%).

Conclusion

Compared with microcatheter and microwire combinations, T7 improves aspiration catheter delivery in vitro, minimizing the need to cross the occlusion. Initial clinical experience appears to validate the model’s observations.
A General Cipher for Individual Data Anonymization
Authors: Ruiz Nicolas
Published: September 2020

Over the years, the literature on individual data anonymization has burgeoned in many directions. While such diversity should be praised, it does not come without some difficulties. Currently, the task of selecting the optimal analytical environment is complicated by the multitude of available choices and the fact that the performance of any method is generally dependent of the data properties. In light of these issues, the contribution of this paper is twofold. First, based on recent insights from the literature and inspired by cryptography, it proposes a new anonymization method that shows that the task of anonymization can ultimately rely only on ranks permutations. As a result, the method offers a new way to practice data anonymization by performing it ex-ante and independently of the distributional features of the data instead of being engaged, as it is currently the case in the literature, in several ex-post evaluations and iterations to reach the protection and information properties sought after. Second, the method establishes a conceptual connection across the field, as it can mimic all the currently existing tools. To make the method operational, this paper proposes also the introduction of permutation menus in data anonymization, where recently developed universal measures of disclosure risk and information loss are used ex-ante for the calibration of permutation keys. To justify the relevance of their uses, a theoretical characterization of these measures is also proposed.
Cross-Validation for the Uncertain Chapman-Richards Growth Model with Imprecise Observations
Authors: Liu Zhe , Jia Lifen
Published: September 2020

Regression analysis estimates the relationships among variables which has been widely used in growth curves, and cross-validation as a model selection method assesses the generalization ability of regression models. Classical methods assume that the observation values of variables are precise numbers while in many cases data are imprecisely collected. So this paper explores the Chapman-Richards growth model which is one of the widely used growth models with imprecise observations under the framework of uncertainty theory. The least squares estimates of unknown parameters in this model are given. Moreover, cross-validation with imprecise observations is proposed. Furthermore, estimates of the expected value and variance of the uncertain error using residuals are given. In addition, ways to predict the value of response variable with new observed values of predictor variables are discussed. Finally, a numerical example illustrates our approach.
Modal Interval Probability: Application to Bonus-Malus Systems
Authors: Adillon Romàn , Jorba Lambert , Mármol Maite
Published: September 2020

Classical intervals have been a very useful tool to analyze uncertain and imprecise models, in spite of operative and interpretative shortcomings. The recent introduction of modal intervals helps to overcome those limitations. In this paper, we apply modal intervals to the field of probability, including properties and axioms that form a theoretical framework applied to the Markovian analysis of Bonus-Malus systems in car insurance. We assume that the number of claims is a Poisson distribution and in order to include uncertainty in the model, the claim frequency is defined as a modal interval; therefore, the transition probabilities are modal interval probabilities. Finally, the model is exemplified through application to two different types of Bonus-Malus systems, and the attainment of uncertain long-run premiums expressed as modal intervals.
On some orders in ∗-rings based on the core-EP decomposition
Authors: Marovt Janko , Mosić Dijana
Published: September 2020

We study certain relations in unital rings with involution that are derived from the core-EP decomposition. The notion of the WG pre-order and the C-E partial order is extended from [Formula: see text], the set of all [Formula: see text] matrices over [Formula: see text], to the set [Formula: see text] of all core-EP invertible elements in an arbitrary unital ring [Formula: see text] with involution. A new partial order is introduced on [Formula: see text] by combining the WG pre-order and the well known minus partial order, and a new characterization of the core-EP pre-order in unital proper ∗-rings is presented. Properties of these relations are investigated and some known results are thus generalized.
Computed tomography image retrieval via combination of two local bit plane-based dissimilarities using an adder
Authors: Hatibaruah Rakcinpha , Nath Vijay Kumar , Hazarika Deepika
Published: September 2020

A new feature descriptor called local bit plane-based dissimilarities and adder pattern (LBPDAP) is proposed in this paper for content-based computed tomography (CT) image retrieval. To compute the descriptor, the bit planes of the input image are first extracted. For each pixel of an image, these bit planes are then locally encoded using an adder which combines the center-neighbor dissimilarity information and the neighbor–neighbor mutual dissimilarity information in each bit plane. The encoded bit plane values corresponding to each center pixel are finally compared with the intensity of the center pixel to compute the proposed LBPDAP. In order to limit the feature dimensions, we have considered only four most significant bit planes for LBPDAP computations as the higher bit planes contain more significant visual texture information. The proposed descriptor is low dimensional and experimental results on widely accepted NEMA and TCIA-CT image databases demonstrate better retrieval efficiency of LBPDAP over many recent local pattern-based approaches.
Your Mouse is a Database
Authors: Meijer Erik
Published: September 2020

Among the hottest buzzwords in the IT industry these days is "big data," but the "big" is something of a misnomer: big data is not just about volume, but also about velocity and variety. The
volume
of data ranges from a small number of items stored in the closed world of a conventional RDMS (relational database management system) to a large number of items spread out over a large cluster of machines or across the entire World Wide Web.
Weathering the Unexpected
Authors: Krishnan Kripa
Published: September 2020

Whether it is a hurricane blowing down power lines, a volcanic-ash cloud grounding all flights for a continent, or a humble rodent gnawing through underground fibers -- the unexpected happens. We cannot do much to prevent it, but there is a lot we can do to be prepared for it. To this end, Google runs an annual, company-wide, multi-day Disaster Recovery Testing event -- DiRT -- the objective of which is to ensure that Google’s services and internal business operations continue to run following a disaster.
Nonblocking Algorithms and Scalable Multicore Programming
Authors: Al Bahra Samy
Published: September 2020

Real-world systems with complicated quality-of-service guarantees may require a delicate balance between throughput and latency to meet operating requirements in a cost-efficient manner. The increasing availability and decreasing cost of commodity multicore and many-core systems make concurrency and parallelism increasingly necessary for meeting demanding performance requirements. Unfortunately, the design and implementation of correct, efficient, and scalable concurrent software is often a daunting task.
The Challenge of Cross-language Interoperability
Authors: Chisnall David
Published: September 2020

Interoperability between languages has been a problem since the second programming language was invented. Solutions have ranged from language-independent object models such as COM (Component Object Model) and CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) to VMs (virtual machines) designed to integrate languages, such as JVM (Java Virtual Machine) and CLR (Common Language Runtime). With software becoming ever more complex and hardware less homogeneous, the likelihood of a single language being the correct tool for an entire program is lower than ever. As modern compilers become more modular, there is potential for a new generation of interesting solutions.
Making the Web Faster with HTTP 2.0
Authors: Grigorik Ilya
Published: September 2020

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is one of the most widely used application protocols on the Internet. Since its publication, RFC 2616 (HTTP 1.1) has served as a foundation for the unprecedented growth of the Internet: billions of devices of all shapes and sizes, from desktop computers to the tiny Web devices in our pockets, speak HTTP every day to deliver news, video, and millions of other Web applications we have all come to depend on in our everyday lives.
Using Free and Open Source Tools to Manage Software Quality
Authors: Dowling Phelim , McGrath Kevin
Published: September 2020

The principles of agile software development place more emphasis on individuals and interactions than on processes and tools. They steer us away from heavy documentation requirements and guide us along a path of reacting efficiently to change rather than sticking rigidly to a pre-defined plan. To support this flexible method of operation, it is important to have suitable applications to manage the team’s activities. It is also essential to implement effective frameworks to ensure quality is being built into the product early and at all levels. With these concerns in mind and coming from a budget-conscious perspective, this article will explore the free and open source applications and tools used by one organization in its quest to build process and quality around its projects and products.
Pickled Patches
Authors: Neville-Neil George
Published: September 2020

I recently came upon a software repository that was not a repo of code, but a repo of patches. The project seemed to build itself out of several other components and then had complicated scripts that applied the patches in a particular order. I had to look at this repo because I wanted to fix a bug in the system, but trying to figure out what the code actually looked like at any particular point in time was baffling. Are there tools that would help in working like this? I’ve never come across this type of system before, where there were over a hundred patches, some of which contained thousands of lines of code.
A Purpose-built Global Network: Google’s Move to SDN
Authors: Vahdat Amin , Clark David , Rexford Jennifer
Published: September 2020

Everything about Google is at scale, of course -- a market cap of legendary proportions, an unrivaled talent pool, enough intellectual property to keep armies of attorneys in Guccis for life, and, oh yeah, a private WAN (wide area network) bigger than you can possibly imagine that also happens to be growing substantially faster than the Internet as a whole.
Statistics for Engineers
Authors: Hartmann Heinrich
Published: September 2020

Modern IT systems collect an increasing wealth of data from network gear, operating systems, applications, and other components. This data needs to be analyzed to derive vital information about the user experience and business performance. For instance, faults need to be detected, service quality needs to be measured and resource usage of the next days and month needs to be forecast.
Delegation as Art
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: September 2020

When I started my career as a junior engineer, I couldn’t wait to be senior. I would regularly review our promotion guidelines and assess my progress and contributions against them. Of course, at the time I didn’t really understand what being senior meant. Being a senior engineer means having strong technical skills, the ability to communicate well and navigate ambiguous situations, and most important of all, the ability to grow and lead other people. Leadership isn’t just for managers anymore.
Debugging Distributed Systems
Authors: Beschastnikh Ivan , Wang Patty , Brun Yuriy , Ernst Michael D,
Published: September 2020

Distributed systems pose unique challenges for software developers. Reasoning about concurrent activities of system nodes and even understanding the system’s communication topology can be difficult. A standard approach to gaining insight into system activity is to analyze system logs. Unfortunately, this can be a tedious and complex process. This article looks at several key features and debugging challenges that differentiate distributed systems from other kinds of software. The article presents several promising tools and ongoing research to help resolve these challenges.
Bad Software Architecture is a People Problem
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: September 2020

It all started with a bug. Customers were complaining that their information was out of date on the website. They would make an update and for some reason their changes weren’t being reflected. Caching seemed like the obvious problem, but once we started diving into the details, we realized it was a much bigger issue.
The Unholy Trinity of Software Development
Authors: Neville-Neil George
Published: September 2020

Questions like this bring to mind the fact that source code, documentation, and testing are the unholy trinity of software development, although many organizations like to see them as separate entities. It is interesting that while many groups pay lip service to "test-driven development," they do not include documentation in TDD.
Conversations with Technology Leaders: Erik Meijer
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: September 2020

Whether you are a leader, a programmer, or just someone aspiring to be better, I am sure there are some smart takeaways from our conversation that will help you grow in your role. Oh, and if you read to the end, you can find out what his favorite job interview question is - and see if you would be able to pass his test.
Metrics That Matter
Authors: Sloss Benjamin Treynor , Nukala Shylaja , Rau Vivek
Published: September 2020

Measure your site reliability metrics, set the right targets, and go through the work to measure the metrics accurately. Then, you’ll find that your service runs better, with fewer outages, and much more user adoption.
The Effects of Mixing Machine Learning and Human Judgment
Authors: Vaccaro Michelle , Waldo Jim
Published: September 2020

Based on the theoretical findings from the existing literature, some policymakers and software engineers contend that algorithmic risk assessments such as the COMPAS software can alleviate the incarceration epidemic and the occurrence of violent crimes by informing and improving decisions about policing, treatment, and sentencing. Considered in tandem, these findings indicate that collaboration between humans and machines does not necessarily lead to better outcomes, and human supervision does not sufficiently address problems when algorithms err or demonstrate concerning biases. If machines are to improve outcomes in the criminal justice system and beyond, future research must further investigate their practical role: an input to human decision makers.
From metabolism and behavior to respiratory physiology: an educational and research perspective
Authors: Schlenker Evelyn Heymann
Published: September 2020

Throughout my academic career, I have been extremely fortunate to have as mentors, teachers, and advisors, remarkable individuals who helped me develop into a competent researcher and passionate teacher. This essay describes a period in my career as a graduate student that was challenging, but also rewarding. I was fortunate to have contact with world-class researchers and teachers, including Drs. Clyde Herried, Leon Fahri, Hermann Rahn, Donald Riggs, Verner Noell, and Barbara Howell. In addition, I attended excellent University of Buffalo Department of Physiology seminars presented by world-renown scientists. Looking back on the experience, allows me to appreciate the large impact they made on my subsequent career in education and research in physiology and neurobiology.