bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combinatorics
Authors: Kahn Jeff , Steger Angelika , Sudakov Benjamin
Published: February 2021

Combinatorics is a fundamental mathematical discipline that focuses on the study of discrete objects and their properties. The present workshop featured research in such diverse areas as Extremal, Probabilistic and Algebraic Combinatorics, Graph Theory, Discrete Geometry, Combinatorial Optimization, Theory of Computation and Statistical Mechanics. It provided current accounts of exciting developments and challenges in these fields and a stimulating venue for a variety of fruitful interactions. This is a report on the meeting, containing extended abstracts of the presentations and a summary of the problem session.
Statistics meets Machine Learning
Authors: Balabdaoui Fadoua , Dümbgen Lutz , Müller Klaus-Robert , Samworth Richard
Published: February 2021

Theory and application go hand in hand in most areas of statistics. In a world flooded with huge amounts of data waiting to be analyzed, classified and transformed into useful outputs, the designing of fast, robust and stable algorithms has never been as important as it is today. On the other hand, irrespective of whether the focus is put on estimation, prediction, classification or other purposes, it is equally crucial to provide clear guarantees that such algorithms have strong theoretical guarantees. Many statisticians, independently of their original research interests, have become increasingly aware of the importance of the numerical needs faced in numerous applications including gene expression profiling, health care, pattern and speech recognition, data security, marketing personalization, natural language processing, to name just a few.

The goal of this workshop is twofold: (a) exchange knowledge on successful algorithmic approaches and discuss some of the existing challenges, and (b) to bring together researchers in statistics and machine learning with the aim of sharing expertise and exploiting possible differences in points of views to obtain a better understanding of some of the common important problems.
EMPOWERING WOMEN SELF HELP GROUPS THROUGH MICROFINANCE DURING COVID-19: A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN SHG
Authors: Sharma Richa , Mishra Saurabh , Rai Shashikant
Published: February 2021

The paper describes the mitigating effect of self-help groups in India during and post covid-19 situation. The study examines the potential opportunities and challenges concerning the contextual differences across and within the countries. Self-help group has been important in empowering its members by providing opportunities for livelihood support and income generator during the covid-19 situation. The self-help group played a very important role during the covid-19 situation as half of the SHG was involved in community awareness and infection prevention activities in their community. The study identifies a potential mechanism through which women's groups may be affected by covid-19 situations.

JEL Classification Codes: G21, I3.
ROL DEL PROFESIONAL DE LA INFORMACIÓN EN LA ORGANIZACIÓN DE ARCHIVO EN EL INSTITUTO DE FOMENTO AL TALENTO HUMANO DE PORTOVIEJO
Authors: Saltos-Catagua Lila María , Macías-Vera Gabriela Monserrate
Published: February 2021

Caracterizar el rol del gestor de información en el Archivo del Instituto de Fomento al Talento Humano del cantón Portoviejo, Ecuador, motiva la presente investigación; la metodología utilizada es de modo descriptivo, con enfoque bibliográfico de los supuestos teóricos sobre el rol que desempeña el gestor de información, mediante análisis documental y síntesis; se aplicó ficha de observación y entrevista estructurada como métodos para recoger datos. Los resultados demuestran que la institución participante en este estudio, no cuenta con el apoyo de un profesional en archivología y que los procesos que se desarrollan en el archivo del Instituto de Fomento del Talento Humano, son básicos; en la entrevista realizada se puede detectar la necesidad que expresan lo directivos de contar con un profesional en el área que con conocimiento técnico – científico realice los procesos archivísticos correspondientes , como conclusión se puede indicar que se requiere del aporte de un gestor de información para el proceso de gestión documental y organización de archivos, debido a que está formado académicamente para realizar una labor eficiente considerando que los documentos de archivo guardan la memoria y trayectoria de cada institución.

Palabras claves: Gestor de información, organización de documentos, archivos, gestión documental.
The mystery of COVID-19: More questions emerge
Authors: ORAL Barbaros
Published: February 2021

New coronavirus, with the other name of SARS-Cov-2, first emerged in China's Wuhan city of Hubei province in December 2019. The virus causes a disease varying from asymptomatic course to acute respiratory distress syndrome or multiple organ failure. The disease caused by this virus discovered in 2019 named Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), and then, a global epidemic (pandemic) has been declared on March 11, 2020, byWorld Health Organization (WHO).1,2 Since COVID-19 cases have similar symptoms, clinical and laboratory findings with SARS-Cov and MERS-Cov patients, previously performed studies thought to be a pathfinder to define the pathogenesis of the disease.2,3 However, there are still some unsolved issues for the various aspects of COVID-19, although more than six months passed from the appearance of the first case in China. Of course, scientists have been studying the coronavirus to spread reliable life-saving information, as well as combating dangerous misunderstandings. Here are some of the most important questions to solve the mystery of COVID-19.
PERFIL PROFISSIONAL IDEAL E REAL DO PROFESSOR DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DO ENSINO MÉDIO EM ESCOLAS DE PORTO VELHO
Authors: FERREIRA Alex Luís Reis , FERREIRA Juan Eduardo Aldunate , TONON Cenira Júlia Fernandes Magalhaes
Published: February 2021

O artigo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil profissional ideal e real dos professores de Educação Física do Ensino Médio que atuam em escolas da cidade de Porto Velho/RO. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva, de cunho quantitativo e qualitativo, método dedutivo. A amostra foi de 10 professores que atuam especificamente no ensino médio. Foi aplicado um questionário misto com 11 perguntas. A pesquisa foi realizada nas escolas: Centro de Ensino Classe A, Colégio e Cursos Sapiens – Unidade Jardim América, Instituição adventista de Educação Noroeste Brasileira, Colégio Tiradentes da Polícia Militar de Rondônia, E.E.E.M. Major Guapindaia, E.E.E.F.M. Prof. Daniel Neri da Silva, da cidade de Porto Velho, Rondônia. O perfil do professor de Educação Física do ensino médio é de um indivíduo que se preocupa com sua formação, tem prazer em atuar na docência de adolescentes, se propõe a resolver pequenas questões relacionadas ao convívio com os alunos, Concluiu-se que os professores pesquisados estão satisfeitos com suas condições atuais, sendo cientes de suas obrigações e responsabilidades como professores, todos possuem especialização, e a atuação em uma única escola é opção dos próprios professores que possuem atividades complementares que se divergem do âmbito escolar.

Palavras-chave:Perfil profissional. Educação Física. Ensino médio. Professor.
IDOSO E LAZER: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE ATIVIDADES RECREATIVAS NO MEIO AQUÁTICO PARA MELHORIA DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA
Authors: Didoni Ana Maria , Piassalonga Michelle Carolina , Corrêa Evandro Antonio
Published: February 2021

Identificar as contribuições de atividades recreativas no meio aquático para melhoria da qualidade de vida de idosos. A metodologia foi com base na abordagem qualitativa, de ordem exploratória e descritiva e da técnica de revisão bibliográfica. A realização de atividades recreativas se torna relevante na hidroginástica com o intuito de promover aulas mais prazerosas contribuindo para o bem estar dos idosos. Nesse sentido, vivência de atividades recreativas no meio aquático, por meio da hidroginástica, pode contribuir na diminuição das limitações ocasionadas pelo processo do envelhecimento para o idoso. Conclui-se que as atividades recreativas no meio aquático podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento dos idosos, possibilitando uma vida mais sociável e menos depressiva, contribuindo para melhoria da qualidade de vida.
 Palavras-chaves: Lazer. Idoso. Atividades Recreativas. Meio aquático
Role of High School Teachers in Swedish Psychology Education: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Norlander Torsten , Blom Alexander , Archer Trevor
Published: February 2021

A descriptive, qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews involving six high school teachers of psychology was carried out in order to ascertain the factors contributing to the outcome of education in the discipline. The Empirical Phenomenological Psychological method (EPP-method) was used. Eighteen categories of "meaning units" were derived from the analysis of the interview materials and are described together with representative quotations taken directly from the raw material. Didactic image but also school leadership, governors, politicians and students all influenced content, organisation and teaching of the psychology course, which is viewed not only as an autonomous subject in its own right but also a necessary preparation of young people for the realities of adulthood.
Understanding of Emotions and Emotion Regulation in Adolescent Females with Conduct Problems: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Kostiuk Lynne , Fouts Gregory
Published: February 2021

Adolescent girls with conduct problems were interviewed regarding their (a) understanding of positive and negative emotions, (b) parental context of experiencing emotions, (c) ways of regulating emotions, (d) success in emotion regulation, and (e) use of alternative strategies in dealing with emotions. It was found that the girls have relatively little understanding of their negative internal states and/or are unable to express them to others, especially to fathers. They have few successful strategies for regulating negative emotions in themselves and others and are unaware of alternative strategies. This dysregulatory pattern likely prevents them from learning more appropriate ways of expressing and constructively handling their negative emotions that are necessary for healthy adjustment.
Global Competitiveness and Potential for Higher Exports
Authors:   University of Karach, Hussain Siddiqui Aamir
Published: February 2021

The objective of this research is to examine the possibility of higher export level for the countries which have a higher level of competitiveness. The study has taken the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) as a proxy for the level of Competitiveness and the countries are divided into high and low export countries on the basis of export volume. Furthermore, the study also analyzes the relative efficacy of different components’ of competitiveness index. The estimated results based on the binary probability distribution model showed a positive relationship between higher export level probability and level of Competitiveness. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that the economies having higher levels of competitiveness would have greater possibilities of generating higher exports. GCI is considered as most acceptable index for measuring competitiveness level of a country in the globalized economic system. However, realization of importance through empirical investigation is almost negligible, particularly for the developing countries. The results suggest that developing countries should concentrate on enhancing competitiveness level to achieve the goal of higher exports. The result further suggested that the sub-index “basic requirement” is more important for the enhancement of exports and countries should concentrate on improving the pillars of basic requirements for enhancing competitiveness.
Contratualidade administrativa e qualificação dos contratos – regimes publicístico e privado em diálogo
Authors: Rabelo dos Santos Esdras
Published: February 2021

Por meio do diálogo entre o Direito Civil e o Direito Administrativo, este trabalho propõe a utilização do método tipológico de qualificação dos contratos para se identificar o regime jurídico dos contratos da Administração. Propugnou-se a juridicidade da celebração de contratos privados, inclusive atípicos, à luz dos paradigmas da eficiência, da processualidade e da legitimidade. O estabelecimento ou não de cláusulas exorbitantes deve considerar os custos de transação, a serem apreciados e explicitados adequadamente pelos gestores públicos. Esta decisão não poderá contrariar normas cogentes e deverá ser analiticamente justificada, especialmente se dissentir dos tipos legais ou sociais mais utilizados
Waqf as Alternative Financing Resource for Infrastructure Development in Indonesia: Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach
Authors: Fawwaz Muhammad Faiz Andeaz , Juliana Juliana , Cakhyaneu Aneu , Muhammad Mumuh , Marlina Ropi
Published: February 2021

The productive Waqf can be utilized for developing infrastructure in Indonesia as this country has incredible waqf potential. However, the utilization of waqf assets has not been specified for infrastructure development, which has many benefits (maslahah) for Indonesia. This study aims to determine the main problem in utilizing Waqf for infrastructure development in Indonesia from regulatory dimension, management dimension, program dimension, and literacy dimension. The data analysis technique used in this study is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This study has five experts to deliver their perspective regarding problems and solutions for infrastructure development using productive Waqf in Indonesia. The study results indicate that the severe problem in utilizing productive Waqf for infrastructure in Indonesia based on experts' agreement is the Lack of professional waqf (nazhir) management in managing waqf assets. With increasing the professionalism of nazhir in the management of productive Waqf, the waqf assets are expected to grow gradually that can be used to develop and improve infrastructure in Indonesia. Lastly, the excellent management of Waqf will be able to attract the Muslim community's intention to donate.
Policing in the Covid-19 Situation in Indonesia
Authors:   Indonesian National Police, Indonesia, Pramono Gatot Eddy
Published: February 2021

Since March 2020, Indonesia has entered Covid-19 emergency status. Covid-19 pandemic situation forged various aspects, through social, economic, political, and cultural. This situation places Indonesia in a critical situation which has a great chance of social unrest. Indonesian National Police as the forefront of law enforcement in Indonesia, faces two real consequences: carrying out the main tasks of the police itself and additional tasks to deal with the Covid-19 emergency handling agenda. To support these tasks, Indonesian National Police issued at least 38 (thirty-eight) notice and internal regulation since March to May 2020. Thirteen of those 38 regulations ruled relation between police and community. By analyzing these thirteen regulations, I identified policing implementation in Indonesia. As a result, these thirteen regulations are dominated by points that indicate democratic policing where persuade, coordinate, anticipated, campaigns, encourage, and transparent being methods that mostly used in the enforcement framework. Indonesian National Police’s consistency in orienting towards community-based policing shows their commitment in promoting Indonesia values as democratic nation.
IMPLEMENTASI UNIFIED APPROACH METHODE PADA TRANSAKSI PENYEWAAN FREEZER CV.BDR PADANG
Authors: Kamal Ahmad , Astri Renita
Published: February 2021

The author has conducted research at CV.BDR in order to know and departure information systemrental fleet in progress and further develop a system that is running in order to achieve a more optimallevel. In this study the author uses Visual Basic 6.0 programming language for programming. Fromthe data collected, then the writer uses the method of processing the results of laboratory research data computers. From the results of this study designed a rental application and departure of ships that can help job employees, where the data is done in the design of the development of the information generated from the old system and there is a way of working of the system itself by means of computeruse as a tool and replace the software that used in data processing. It is hoped that the authorsdesigned a new system could replace the old system in the form of a manual system, in order to achieve the level of effectiveness and higher efficiency. So that the design could be beneficial to CV.BDR inthe data processing to obtain rental information and a more accurate vessel departure and may assistin decision making.
Performance Evaluation of Commercial Banks in Oman Using Ratio Analyses
Authors:   Sohar University, Khan Firdouse , Al Maktoumi Iman ,   Sohar University
Published: February 2021

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study was to critically analyze the effectiveness of banks’ performances and to examine the associations amongst the asset management, banks’ size, operational efficiency, and their impact on the bank’s performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: The secondary data was obtained from the annual reports of five selected commercial banks of Oman listed in the Muscat Securities Market (MSM) for the period 2013 to 2019. The collected data was analyzed through financial ratios using excel and SPSS and was used to evaluate the banks’ performance. Findings: The study revealed that the Operational Efficiency (OE) of the selected commercial banks had an impact on the Return on Assets (ROA); advances of the selected commercial banks had an impact on the interest income whereas operational efficiency of the selected commercial banks had NO impact on the Interest Income. The study further confirmed that Bank Muscat proved to be the bank that performed well over the years 2013 to 2019. Research Implications: The study proved that the banks’ financial performances can be measured through the assets size, asset management, and equity management using ratio analysis which can be a good measure to adjudge the financial performances of the banks. Social Implications: The study helps the stakeholders of the banks to understand the factors and the banking activities that might help to enhance the financial performances of the banks and to take necessary action and suitable decisions accordingly. Originality/value: The study was restricted to five selected commercial banks of Oman and the study had relied mostly on quantitative techniques involving ratio analyses. The study can be extended to all the commercial banks in Oman including the most determining factor viz. customer satisfaction. Keywords: Financial Performance of Banks, Operational Efficiency, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Interest Income, Ratio Analyses
Subsea drilling and wellhead load monitoring systems in the North Sea: A case study using a well access management system (WAMS)
Authors: Sadeghi Alireza , Moe Per Thomas , Hilley Alexander
Published: February 2021

In the last decade, the monitoring systems have become a crucial component for the drilling and oil wellhead operations. The importance of such systems has been magnified by oil companies and the regulatory bodies after the Gulf of Mexico incident on Deepwater Horizon rig that took place on 20th of April 2010 in which eleven crewmen were killed. The data obtained by the monitoring systems can provide significant advisory data to assist the operators to mitigate the various risks during the operations and to reduce the maintenance cost of equipment. In this paper, an overview of recent studies on the existing monitoring systems for the drilling and oil wellhead operations technical challenges faced by operators and the benefits of monitoring systems has been presented......
Anterior chest wall pilonidal sinus: disease at a rare site
Authors: Niaz Soomro  , Hira Pervez
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pilonidal sinus is defined as an infected tract in the skin, commonly containing a tuft of hair. The most common locations are buttocks, axillae, groin, etc., but it can also develop at rare locations. We present a case of a 24-year-old, hirsute male with recurrent infected discharging sinus on the anterior chest wall, at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. The patient had earlier undergone incision and drainage multiple times before he finally came to us. On evaluation and exploration a sinus tract containing a tuft of hair was excised from the anterior chest wall. A pilonidal sinus can develop in any area containing hair under friction. Hence, it should be included under the differential diagnosis of any long-standing sinus over a hairy area.
Keywords: chest wall sinus, anterior chest wall, Continuous....
Giant parathyroid adenoma diagnosed by brown tumor, a clinical manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism: a case report
Authors: Banu Yigit  , Mert Tanal  , Bulent Citgez
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Brown tumor (BT) is the pathological expression of osteitis fibrosa cystica owing to primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). It is a rare benign lesion of skeletal system that usually affects the facial bones, clavicles, ribs, pelvis and extremities. The purpose of this case report is to present the clinical, pathological and radiological findings of BT, rarely seen in adults, originating from the giant parathyroid adenoma and emerging as the first clinical sign of HPT. The patient underwent a successful parathyroidectomy operation and on the first postoperative day, the patient was discharged without any complications.
Continuous...
Factors related to the implementation of Evidenced-based practice (EBP) of nursing staffing levels in Hospitals: A Literature Review
Authors: Swito Ikar , Sidin Andi Indahwaty , Rachmawaty Rini
Published: February 2021

The implementation of Evidenced-based practice (EBP) was one of the factors in increasing the quality of health services as an ideal problem-solving approach. The ability of nurses to appliance EBP was influenced by many factors, not only on individual nurses consisting by the support of unit leader and colleague. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the implementation of EBP at the care room level establishing on the support of coworkers and nursing managers. This writing used a literature review study, from several databases namely PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect with a limitation of the last 5 years. 17 journals met the inclusion criteria and the results of a literature review study show: eight journals conclude that the support of colleagues and authority in changing practices affects the implementation of EBP, 13 journals concluded the role of managerial nurses affects the implementation of EBP consisting of leadership support and mentorship including the lack of knowledge and skills of nursing leaders regarding EBP. Data from the collected and identified literature study clearly showed that EBP knowledge and skills of nursing leaders related to EBP are important factors in increasing the implementation of EBP but co-worker factors can be a supporter and also an obstacle to the implementation of EBP if it is not well managed.
Prospects for further development of the National parliament in new Uzbekistan
Authors: Tursunov Akhtam , Valiev Sulaymon
Published: February 2021

The article examines the formation of a new parliament in Uzbekistan, new political, legal and social responsibilities of the parliament, the gradual introduction of the institution of parliamentarism, in particular, issues of further expanding the powers of the role of parliament in the system of state power, participation of the parliament in the formation of judicial and executive power. In the article also was made proposals for the formation of a professional parliament in Uzbekistan.
Nötron Buharlaşma Tepkimelerinde Algıç Benzetimi ve Olay Üretimi için Veri Güdümlü GEANT4 Sınıfları
Authors: DOĞANGÜN Oktay , ERDURAN Mustafa Nizametin , ÖZOK Ferhat
Published: February 2021

Yüksek Enerji Fiziği alanında temel olarak algıç benzetimleri oluşturmak için kullanılan açık kaynak kodlu bir C/C++ kütüphanesi olan GEANT4 belli bir fiziksel sürecin olay üretimini yapabilme imkanı sağlamaktadır. Bu bildiride, daha düşük enerjilerin söz konusu olduğu Çekirdek Fiziğinde Nötron Buharlaşma tepkimeleri olarak bilinen nadir bir süreç için veri güdümlü yeni GEANT4 sınıfları yazılmıştır. C/C++ dilinde yazılmış bu sınıflar, söz konusu kütüphanede hal-i hazırda tanımlı olan süreç sınıfından türetilmiş olup, etkileşim tesir kesitleri ise ENDF/B-VII (Evaluated Nuclear Data Library) adlı deneysel çekirdek etkileşimlerinin veri tabanı dahil edilerek hesaplanmıştır. Belirli birkaç örnek için üretilen sonuçlar, NEDA (NEutron Detector Array) deneylerine özel yazılmış ve sınanmış olan benzetimlerle karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur.
PAKISTAN’S MAGNITUDE FOR CHINA: A NARRATIVE OF GEO-STRATEGIC BARGAIN
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Muhammad Rizwan , Khoso Pasand  Ali
Published: February 2021

This paper attempts to analyse the geo-strategic magnitude of Pakistan for China. Including other factors, the geographical position of Pakistan plays an important role in the formulation of their mutual ties. Sino-Indian conflict further enhanced Pak-China relationship mainly reflecting their reciprocal interests. In addition to geo-political ties, economic benefits attracted Chinese attention to maintain a friendly relationship with Pakistan by signing bilateral trade agreement during early 1960s. Similarly, Pakistan provided a naval base to China, which decreased the influence of USA and India in the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and Central Asian States. However, due to the world third deepest seaport (Gwadar Port), Pakistan became more valuable to China. Moreover, launching of China- Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in 2014 has greatly enhanced the geographical importance of Pakistan for the whole region including China. The scope of present study provides a realization to the fact that significance of Pakistan for Chinese interest is beyond the common thinking. This article tries to pin point the current scenario with increasing significance of Pakistan for China.
SUBSTANTIALIZING AND IMPLEMENTING HUMAN SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN POLICY
Authors: Abbasi Ishrat Afshan , Jan Amir , Kolachi Muhammad Ramzan
Published: February 2021

The presentation of ‘human security’ notion in 1990s signified transformation of international relations from nation-centred international system to people-centred international system. This concept not only redefined the term security, but altered the perceptions of both objects and subjects of threat as well. This development in the discourse of ‘security’ and the logic of linkage between national-interests and human-interests convinced states to reconsider and reframe their security policy. This article describes the notion of human security as a crux to chain the people across the world owing to the recognition of identical security challenges and responses. The concept of human security brought states closer and infused the sense of collaboration and cooperation to mitigate the threats to the security of human being. Methodologically, this paper presents qualitative and analytical study applying secondary data. This study presents the period 1995-2003 as a historical tenure regarding development of human security approach in the foreign policy of Japan. This research analyses how the Japanese governments under the leadership of some people-friendly Prime Ministers advocated the concept of human security and promoted it as a vital determinant of the foreign policy of Japan.
SYSTEMIC TRANSFORMATIONS AND CHINESE IMAGE OF THE WORLD ORDER: TRANSCENDING GREAT WALL THROUGH NEO-CONFUCIANISM AND TIANXIA SYSTEMS
Authors: Mirza Muhammad Nadeem , Khan Farrukh Zaman
Published: February 2021

Relative decline of the United States, rise of the rest, challenges posed by the non-state actors, proliferating violent crises in different regions, unstoppable environmental degradation, and the unabated growth of the populist tendencies are few of the issues transpiring at the system level. This paper tries to dissect this transformation, while also highlighting that how and why is China trying and willing to take on the leading role in the regional and international milieu. How does China view the world and what is the Chines image of the world order? The study elaborates Neo-Confucianism and Tianxia (All under Heaven) systems in order to enlarge upon the Chinese view of the world.
During Pandemic COVID-19, the High-Reliability Organization (HRO) Identifies Maladaptive Stress Behaviors: The Stress-Fear-Threat Cascade
Authors: van Stralen Daved , Mercer Thomas
Published: February 2021

Stress has become an organizational characteristic. Organizations work toward stress reduction, seek stress management, increase cognitive capacity, attend to our mindfulness, and refer staff for anger management. The HRO acknowledges that stress, fear, and threat are natural elements of dangerous work. They are integral to and support actions when we do not know how events will resolve. Rather than compartmentalizing stress fear and threat, the HRO harnesses these driving forces to initiate engagement and support the resilience necessary to maintain enactment. For this to occur, we must identify unrecognized stress for its deleterious effects on performance. As we accomplish this, the organization can harness this energy to resolve the original stimuli while achieving an acceptable, if not desirable, end-state. The stress-fear-threat cascade enables us to engage uncertainty and threat, but without neuromodulation, the same cascade can cause more damage than the inciting event.
COVID-19 Response: Safety for ROP Screening in Neonatal IntensiveCare Unit
Authors: Frazier Candice
Published: February 2021

Background: This publication demonstrates how utilizing a telemedicine-based evaluation for Retinopathy of Prematurity is a secure and safe solution for screening during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this publication is to provide current users and potential users with an understanding of how telemedicine-based evaluations can minimize potential outside exposure risks induced by bedside binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy examinations.

Methods: The publication compares the current workflow of bedside binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy exams and their potential to outside exposures to telemedicine-led screening programs housed in the hospital facility. Also discussed are the methods for high-level disinfecting medical devices and the importance of these protocols in the current pandemic state.

Findings: Results reveal that experts tend to support discussions surrounding telemedicine's accuracy and reading images for the diagnosis and monitoring of Retinopathy of Prematurity. Discussion: Telemedicine based evaluations with ultra-widefield imaging devices allows hospital organizations to control their screening process in-house, with crucial high-level disinfection procedures in place.

Implications for Practice: The publication will be educational to neonatal intensive care staff members for creating best practices in screening for Retinopathy of Prematurity to protect patients from unnecessary virus exposure.

Implications for Research: The research in this publication discusses the overall support of a telemedicine approach for screening of Retinopathy of Prematurity. More research is needed to update specific guidelines and policy statements to promote this workflow through neonatal intensive care units.
Hypermagnesemia and Spontaneous Ileal Perforation in a Preterm Infant
Authors: Johal Karen , Manzar Shabih
Published: February 2021

A case of a preterm infant with spontaneous ileal perforation is described in association with hypermagnesemia. No known causes (infection, hypotension, use of indomethacin, steroids, vasopressors, formula feedings) were identified as the etiology for perforation.
Borrador de trabajo sobre el caso Mons. Romero elaborado por la Comisión de la Verdad
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 70, No. 742, 2015: 391-418.
HUBUNGAN LAMA PAPARAN POLUSI UDARA DAN PERILAKU MEROKOK TERHA¬DAP FUNGSI PARU PADA DRIVER OJEK ONLINE
Authors: Monica Monica , Suwarno Maria Lousiana , Hidayah Ainum Jhariyah
Published: February 2021

Increasing levels of air pollution in Jakarta will have serious health impacts for those exposed, such as online motorcycle taxi drivers. Smoking behavior by online motorcycle taxi drivers can also cause health problems in the form of decreased lung function. This research aimed to figure the relationship between duration of exposure to air pollution and smoking behavior to lung function in online motorcycle taxi drivers at Jakarta. This research used a descriptive correlation design with cross-sectional approach which conducted in June-July 2020. There were 106 online motorcycle taxi drivers selected using accidental sampling technique. Lung function measured using the mMRC dyspnoe scale and distributed using google form. The results of this study found that the mostly 97,7% online motorcycle taxi drivers worked > 40 hours/ week, 68,9% online motorcycle taxi drivers categorized of mild smoking, 60,4% online motorcycle taxi drivers had no dyspnea symptoms (grade 0). Statistical analysis using chi-square showed that there is a significant relationship between smoking behavior with lung function (p-value 0,001), however, there is no significant relationship between duration of exposure to air pollution with lung function (p-value 0,056). It’s expected that online motorcycle taxi drivers can use masks while working to reduce exposure to air pollution and lesser to quit smoking.
Antitrust and Artificial Intelligence: How Breaking Up Big Tech Could Affect the Pentagon’s Access to AI
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Foster Dakota , Arnold Zachary
Published: February 2021

While AI innovation would presumably continue in some form without Big Tech, the authors find that breaking up the largest technology companies could fundamentally change the broader AI innovation ecosystem, likely affecting the development of AI applications for national security.
PANDEMIC, LAW, AND INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Hassan , David Maya
Published: February 2021

Pakistan is a multilingual state with 74 languages (Siddiqui, 2019), with Urdu being its national language while English is its official language (Article 251 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan). However, the linguistic diversity, as per the law, has not been given proper status in Pakistan (Rahman, 2002). In the wake of Covid-19 pandemic, the role of medical health professionals, local police officers, media persons and educationists to create an awareness about the precautionary measures to fight Covid-19 among the indigenous communities in different regions of Pakistan is important. However, there is no practice prescribed in the law, to disseminate awareness in the local languages. Moreover, as most of the lexical items regarding the pandemic have been borrowed, the shift to local languages is more than challenging. In urban areas, indigenous communities are aware of the precautions to be taken during this pandemic as they use the mainstream languages (Ali, 2017 & Abbasi, 2019.) However, in the rural and northern areas of Pakistan this is not so prevalent. Some language activists and concerned members of the community in different parts of the state took this opportunity to educate the masses and started an awareness campaign about coronavirus pandemic in local languages (posters in local languages and short video messages on social media and YouTube). Yet, linguists and community members have not been able to work with many indigenous languages, which Rahman (2004) lists in his study, and these speech communities urgently need the required information in their respective heritage languages. Such small steps by community members and NGOs in providing necessary information in local languages suggest that proper education in the mother tongue can protect communities in times like this. The government has to protect endangered and indigenous languages by an effective law-making process that actively encourages the use of local languages and helps provide information in their respective languages in such situations as this pandemic.
COVID’S EFFECT ON AN ENDANGERED LANGUAGE IN THE SYLHET AREA OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Chanda Snehangshu Shekhar
Published: February 2021

Language is the way of communication and used in different aspects of life. In every country there is a national language which is the state language used in offices and different organizations. Bengali is the state and widely spoken language of Bangladesh however language varies from community to community, race to race, society to society This study shows that there are many indigenous languages in Bangladesh which may be endangered in future specially in the Sylhet area of Bangladesh. The Manipuri language which is not used officially in Bangladesh may be one such language. It has its own alphabets and is spoken in the community. The language has however not been hampered due to COVID 19 and in fact has become more popular during the lockdown. Due to the increase in the popularity of social media (face book group, Cheik Kheik) the Manipuri language in Sylhet, still maintains their ethnic culture and use their language in the home domain.
STRENGTHENING THE CONCEPT OF GENDER FROM RESEARCH ON SEXUAL DIVISION OF FISHERMEN COMMUNITY (For Development of PIPS Study Program)
Authors: Dora Nuriza , Wandini Rora Rizky , Kamalia Lailatun Nur
Published: February 2021

This paper seeks to describe how fisherwomen or fishermen's wives in Percut Village decide to take up work as shell seekers as a strategy in meeting household financial needs. The method used is descriptive qualitative research to explain the financial problems faced by women in Percut Village and how they face their life problems. The data collection technique was carried out by observation, participatory observation and interviews. The results of the research show that the decline in fishermen's income causes emotional and psychological pressure for fishermen's wives to meet household needs so that they seek alternative jobs as shellfish seekers without neglecting the position of women with the main task of managing the household. There are several obstacles and challenges faced especially in childcare but they must find strategies to overcome them.
Explaining Trends and Factors Affecting Export Diversification in ASEAN and SAARC Regions: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: NOUREEN SHABANA , MAHMOOD ZAFAR
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the role played by country-specific factors in the determination of export product diversification process. To meet this objective, the paper begins by constructing a time series data for export diversification using the Herfindahl index. Then, it applies the fully modified OLS co-integration model to a panel of selected ASEAN and SAARC countries to find out the main determinants of export product diversification. Export diversification pattern shows that since the mid-1980s the ASEAN countries have continuously witnessed export diversification and the SAARC countries embarked on export diversification journey since the early 1990s. Analysis of the determinants suggests that foreign direct investment, domestic investment, competitiveness, real depreciation of domestic currency, financial sector development and institutional strength are significantly and positively related to export product diversification in both regions. These findings have important policy implications for the two regions. They call upon the policymakers for further diversification of exports, especially in the areas of their specialization that are vital for their smooth and sustained foreign exchange earnings as well as economic development. The study also recommends improving international competitive strength via improving business environment to achieve the goal of export product diversification.
Globalization and the Sociolinguistic Challenge of the 21st Century Critical Pedagogy: A Case for Language/Culture Minority Students
Authors: Asghar Jamil , Shehzad Khurram
Published: February 2021

In spite of the fact that ours is a world of immigration, deepening ethnic textures, globalization, transnational histories, ethnolinguistic diversity, socioecono-mic rivalries, and intercultural complexities, the role and significance of bilingual and multicultural education are far from being adequately realized. These demographic imperatives and a host of other cross-cultural and transnational praxis are bringing about a growing percentage of students who speak a first language other than English. All over the world, classrooms are experiencing a radical transformation due to an unparalleled intercultural diversity which is spreading its tentacles all across the globe including Pakistan which, of late hit by the CPEC spectacle, is likely to experience an unprecedented influx of foreign students. These are paradigm shifting questions and call for a radical re-conceptualization not just of classrooms but also of the entire pedagogic space and curricular habitus. The paper makes a coherent appraisal of these questions and advances a plea for the greater inclusion of a broad-based, bilingual, and multicultural education by laying down key guidelines for teachers, administrators, policy-makers, educators, and parents at large.
Assessing the Impact of Liberalization of Trade Related Services on Services Growth in Pakistan
Authors: Mahfooz Maryam , Mahmood Zafar , Noureen Shabana
Published: February 2021

The services sector has offered sound support to Pakistan’s economic development. It has emerged as one of the fastest growing and highest contributing sectors of the economy. Through the use of Fully Modified OLS Estimation Technique, this study has provided evidence that liberalization of the two key sub-sectors (telecom and banking) of services of Pakistan has played an important role in development of these sectors. The task is achieved by preparing liberalization index for the two sectors. The econometric evidence reveals that results are robust and in accordance with the theory. Relationships are found to be relatively strong for the telecom sector and less strong for the financial sector. The research also shed light on the constraints that the country has to face in the liberalization process of these sectors. Rapid liberalization of the telecom sector has attracted substantial amount of investment, both local and foreign, and has created saturation in the industry, which has hampered further investment opportunities. This resulted in substantial decline of investment in this sector. But due to fast changing technologies, there is a possibility of it picking up again. By the increased liberalization of the telecom and banking services, the GDP of these sectors also increased. Hence, the full scale liberalization in the telecom sector evidently plays important role in growing the share of the services to economy’s GDP. Other economic indicators have also played an important role in defining the development of these sectors. Finally, a set of policy measures has been suggested to make the sector more effective and useful in accelerating the growth process.
Atmospheric-methane source and sink sensitivity analysis using Gaussian process emulation
Authors: Stell Angharad C. , Western Luke M. , Sherwen Tomás , Rigby Matthew
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We present a method to efficiently approximate the response of atmospheric-methane mole fraction and δ13C–CH4 to changes in uncertain emission and loss parameters in a three-dimensional global chemical transport model. Our approach, based on Gaussian process emulation, allows relationships between inputs and outputs in the model to be efficiently explored. The presented emulator successfully reproduces the chemical transport model output with a root-mean-square error of 1.0 ppb and 0.05 ‰ for hemispheric-methane mole fraction and δ13C–CH4, respectively, for 28 uncertain model inputs. The method is shown to outperform multiple linear regression because it captures non-linear relationships between inputs and outputs as well as the interaction between model input parameters. The emulator was used to determine how sensitive methane mole fraction and δ13C–CH4 are to the major source and sink components of the atmospheric budget given current estimates of their uncertainty. We find that our current knowledge of the methane budget, as inferred through hemispheric mole fraction observations, is limited primarily by uncertainty in the global mean hydroxyl radical concentration and freshwater emissions. Our work quantitatively determines the added value of measurements of δ13C–CH4, which are sensitive to some uncertain parameters to which mole fraction observations on their own are not. However, we demonstrate the critical importance of constraining isotopic initial conditions and isotopic source signatures, small uncertainties in which strongly influence long-term δ13C–CH4 trends because of the long timescales over which transient perturbations propagate through the atmosphere. Our results also demonstrate that the magnitude and trend of methane mole fraction and δ13C–CH4 can be strongly influenced by the combined uncertainty in more minor components of the atmospheric budget, which are often fixed and assumed to be well-known in inverse-modelling studies (e.g. emissions from termites, hydrates, and oceans). Overall, our work provides an overview of the sensitivity of atmospheric observations to budget uncertainties and outlines a method which could be employed to account for these uncertainties in future inverse-modelling systems.
Characteristics, primary sources and secondary formation of water-soluble organic aerosols in downtown Beijing
Authors: Yu Qing , Chen Jing , Qin Weihua , Cheng Siming , Zhang Yuepeng , Sun Yuewei , Xin Ke , Ahmad Mushtaq
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) accounts for a
large proportion of aerosols and plays a critical role in various atmospheric
chemical processes. In order to investigate the primary sources and
secondary production of WSOC in downtown Beijing, day and night
fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples in January (winter), April (spring), July (summer) and
October (autumn) 2017 were collected and analyzed for WSOC and organic
tracers in this study. WSOC was dominated by its moderately hydrophilic
fraction and showed the highest concentration in January and comparable
levels in April, July and October 2017. Some typical organic tracers were
chosen to evaluate the emission strength and secondary formation of WSOC.
Seasonal variation of the organic tracers suggested significantly enhanced
formation of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) during the
sampling period in winter and obviously elevated biogenic SOA formation
during the sampling period in summer. These organic tracers were applied
into a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to calculate the source
contributions of WSOC as well as its moderately and strongly hydrophilic
portions. The secondary sources contributed more than 50 % to WSOC, with
higher contributions during the sampling periods in summer (75.1 %) and
winter (67.4 %), and the largest contributor was aromatic SOC. In addition,
source apportionment results under different pollution levels suggested that
controlling biomass burning and aromatic precursors would be effective to
reduce WSOC during the haze episodes in cold seasons. The impact factors for
the formation of different SOA tracers and total secondary organic carbon (SOC)
as well as moderately and strongly hydrophilic SOC were also investigated.
The acid-catalyzed heterogeneous or aqueous-phase oxidation appeared to
dominate in the SOC formation during the sampling period in winter, while
the photochemical oxidation played a more critical role during the sampling
period in summer. Moreover, photooxidation played a more critical role in
the formation of moderately hydrophilic SOC, while the heterogeneous or
aqueous-phase reactions had more vital effects on the formation of
strongly hydrophilic SOC.