bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pengaruh Aspek-Aspek Struktur Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Jayapura
Authors: Ricardo Parera Jemy
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa (1) apakah penerapan struktur organisasi birokrasi dapat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja Pegawai di Kantor Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. (2)Untuk mengetahui aspek manakah dari Struktur Organisasi Birokrasi yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja Pegawai di Kantor Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Jayapura. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Jayapura.Data yang diambil adalah data primer berupa kuesioner, Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 57 responden melalui Stratified Random Sampling (sampel acak berstrata).Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek-aspek struktur organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai.
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi Dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Energi Dan Sumberdaya Mineral Provinsi Papua
Authors: Beatrix Bodori Elisabeth , Ratang Westim , Yan Jouwe Musa
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk : 1) Mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kompetensi, motivasi dan stres kerja secara parsial terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Energi Sumberdaya Mineral Provinsi Papua; 2) Mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kompetensi, motivasi dan stres kerja secara simultan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Energi Sumberdaya Mineral Provinsi Papua; dan 3) Mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh variabel yang berpengaruh dominan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Energi Sumberdaya Mineral Provinsi Papua.Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan model analisa regresi berganda. Berdasarkan tabel di atas dapat dijelaskan bahwa statistik uji t terhadap Kompetensi (X1) sebesar 6,782 dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,000. Nilai statistik uji thitung tersebut lebih besar daripada ttabel (6,782 > 1,656) dengan signifikan lebih kecil daripada á = 0,05. Pada variabel motivasi (X2) didapatkan statistik uji t sebesar 3,217 dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,026. Nilai statistik uji thitung tersebut lebih besar daripada ttabel (3,217 > 1,656) dan juga signifikan lebih kecil daripada á = 0,05. Pada variabel stres kerja (X3) didapatkan statistik uji t sebesar 5,232 dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,000. Nilai statistik uji thitung tersebut lebih besar daripada ttabel (5,232 > 1,656) dan juga signifikan lebih kecil daripada á = 0,05. Secara bersama-sama, variabel kompetensi, motivasi dan stres kerja mampu meningkatkan kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Energi Dan Sumberdaya Mineral Provinsi Papua sebesar (0,459) atau sama dengan 45,9% terhadap kinerja pegawai. Dari hasil analisis dapat diketahui bahwa variabel kompetensi memiliki pengaruh yang dominan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Energi Dan Sumberdaya Mineral Provinsi Papua.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara Dengan Komitmen Organisasional Sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Authors: M. Naraha Hemela , Henry Syauta Jack , Yan Jouwe Musa
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini pertujuan untuk menganlisis pengaruh : budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja secara parsial terhadap komitmen organisasional. Budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja secara simultan terhadap komitmen organisasional. Budaya organisasi, disiplin kerja dan komitmen organisasional secara parsial terhadap kinerja. Budaya organisasi, disiplin kerja dan komitmen organisasional secara simultan terhadap kinerja Budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja melalui variable mediasi komitmen organisasional dan Disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja melalui variabel mediasi komitmen organisasional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 38 orang pegawai, Tehnik analisa data meenggunakan Path Analysis dengan program spss 21. Hasil penelitian penunjukan bahwa: Budaya organisasi perpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasional. Disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasional. Budaya organisasi dan disiplin kerja secara simultan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap komitmen organsiasional. Budaya organisasi perpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja. Disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja serta Komitmen organisasiaonal berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja. Budaya organisasi, disiplin kerja dan komitmen organisasional secara simultan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja. Budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif signfikan terhadap kinerja melalui mediasi komitmen organisasional. Disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif signfikan terhadap kinerja melalui mediasi komitmen organisasional. Disarankan kepada pimpinan pada Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Perizinan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Keerom senantiasa mensosialisasikan nilai-nilai budaya yang baik kepada seluruh pegawai dalam rangka mempertahankan eksistensi lembaga ini, melalui kegiatan rutin seperti pertemuan bulanan atau kegiatan yang telah diprogramkan. Dengan demikian nilai-nilai budaya lembaga dapat diinternalisasikan kepada semua pegawai Pimpinan senantiasa mensosialisasikan aturan-aturan disiplin dan mengawasi, agar dapat ditaati dan dilaksanakan dengan baik dalam melaksanakan tugas dan tanggungjawabnya. Serta untuk menumbuhkan komitmen yang tinggi kepada pegawai, harus dilakukan dengan member kepercayaan penuh dalam melaksanakan tugas. Dengan tidak mengurangi nilai substansi instruksi antara atasan dan bawahan. Hal ini diharapkan motivasi pegawai akan tumbuh dan tanggungjawab semakin baik.
Pengaruh Belanja Modal dan Belanja Pegawai Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Pemerintah Provinsi Papua
Authors: Treza Tampubolon Lusyana , Ariadi Wa
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah belanja modal dan belanja pegawai secara parsial dan simultan berpengaruh pada PAD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jika belanja modal (X1) dan belanja pegawai (X2) nilainya sama dengan 0, maka Pendapatan Asli Daerah (Y) akan mengalami penurunan. , besarnya nilai R adalah 0,928 yang bermakna bahwa semua variabel bebas mempunyai hubungan meskipun hubungan tersebut adalah sangat kuat, dan hal ini di pertegas dengan besarnya nilai dari Adjusted R Squarenya 85,5% variabel belanja modal (X1) dan Belanja Pegawai (X2) mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat kuat pada Pendapatan Asli Daerah (Y) yang dibuktikan dengan hasil uji hipotesis. Variabel belanja modal (X1) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah, karena nilai thitung lebih besar dari nilai ttabel (2,966 ˃ 2,447) dan nilai sig. lebih besar dari alfa (0,041 ˂ 0,05), dengan demikian maka hipotesis pertama diterima. Untuk hasil uji pada variabel belanja pegawai (X2) menunjukkan bahwa berpengaruh negatif tidak signifikan terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Provinsi Papua, karena nilai thitung lebih kecil dari nilai ttabel 4,795˃2,447) dan nilai sig. lebih besar dari alfa (0,009 ˂ 0,05).
พฤติกรรมผู้บริโภคและกลยุทธ์การตลาดเพื่อส่งเสริมผลิตภัณฑ์เครื่องปั้นดินเผาลุ่มน้ำทะเลสาบสงขลา
Authors: ถาวรประสิทธิ์ บุษกร
Published: February 2023

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาพฤติกรรมผู้บริโภค ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์ต่อพฤติกรรมผู้บริโภค ระดับความคิดเห็นของกลยุทธ์การตลาด และปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์ต่อระดับความคิดเห็นของกลยุทธ์การตลาด โดยการเก็บข้อมูลจากผู้บริโภคในพื้นที่ลุ่มน้ำทะเลสาบสงขลา จังหวัดพัทลุงและสงขลา จำนวน 200 ตัวอย่าง สถิติการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลได้แก่ ร้อยละ ความถี่ ค่าเฉลี่ย ค่าเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ค่า Chi-square ค่า t-test และค่า F-test  ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ผู้บริโภคมีพฤติกรรมการเลือกซื้อด้านรูปแบบส่วนใหญ่เป็นแจกัน มีราคาในช่วง 201-400 บาท และร้านค้าจำหน่ายต่าง ๆ เป็นแหล่งซื้อที่สำคัญ ปัจจัยส่วนบุคคลที่มีความสัมพันธ์ต่อพฤติกรรมในการตัดสินใจเลือกซื้อ ได้แก่  สถานภาพสมรส อาชีพ และรายได้ต่อเดือน ระดับความคิดเห็นของกลยุทธ์การตลาด พบว่า ภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก โดยด้านด้านผลิตภัณฑ์มีค่าเฉลี่ยสูงสุด รองลงมาคือ ด้านราคา ด้านช่องทางการจำหน่าย และด้านการส่งเสริมการตลาด ตามลำดับ สำหรับปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับระดับความคิดเห็นของกลยุทธ์การตลาด ได้แก่ อายุและรายได้ต่อเดือน ณ ระดับนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ .05 ดังนั้นกลยุทธ์ทางการตลาดควรให้ความสำคัญกับการพัฒนาทางด้านผลิตภัณฑ์และผลิตให้สอดคล้องกับพฤติกรรมของผู้บริโภค
ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์ต่อพฤติกรรมการฆ่าตัวตายในผู้ป่วยโรคซึมเศร้า
Authors: ทองธวัช อรรถยา
Published: February 2023

โรคซึมเศร้าเป็นสาเหตุสำคัญที่นำไปสู่การฆ่าตัวตาย การศึกษาเชิงวิเคราะห์ในรูปแบบ Case – control study ครั้งนี้ มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับพฤติกรรมการฆ่าตัวตายในผู้ป่วยโรคซึมเศร้า กลุ่มตัวอย่าง คือ ผู้ป่วยโรคซึมเศร้าที่ได้รับการวินิจฉัยโดยจิตแพทย์ (ICD-10: F32-F33) และเข้ารับการรักษาที่โรงพยาบาลพัทลุง ระหว่างเดือนตุลาคม 2560 – กันยายน 2563 จำแนกออกเป็น 2 กลุ่ม คือ กลุ่มที่ศึกษาและกลุ่มควบคุม กลุ่มที่ศึกษา คือ ผู้ป่วยที่เข้ารับการรักษาด้วยพฤติกรรมการฆ่าตัวตาย (ICD-10: X60–X84) และอยู่ในภาวะเป็นโรคซึมเศร้าจำนวน 37 ราย กลุ่มควบคุม คือ ผู้ป่วยโรคซึมเศร้าที่ไม่เคยมีประวัติพยายามฆ่าตัวตายในรอบการกำเริบของโรคซึมเศร้าครั้งล่าสุดจำนวน 144 ราย อัตราส่วนเท่ากับ 1: 4 เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลจากเวชระเบียน วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้สถิติเชิงพรรณนา และสถิติถดถอยโลจิสติกพหุตัวแปร ผลการศึกษา พบว่า ปัจจัยด้านระยะเวลาการรักษาโรคซึมเศร้าที่ ≥5 ปี (AOR = 5.16, 95%CI: 1.74-15.29) การมีประวัติเคยพยายามฆ่าตัวตายมาก่อน (AOR = 17.15, 95%CI: 5.96-49.29) และการมีโรคร่วมทางจิตเวช (AOR = 5.28, 95%CI: 1.76-15.85) มีความสัมพันธ์ต่อการฆ่าตัวตายในผู้ป่วยโรคซึมเศร้าอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ จากผลการศึกษา ควรมีการเฝ้าระวังในกลุ่มผู้ป่วยโรคซึมเศร้าที่มีปัจจัยดังกล่าว เพื่อลดโอกาสการเกิดพฤติกรรมการฆ่าตัวตาย ต่อไป
إستراتيجية تقييم الأداء بديلاً عن الاختبار المدرسي وأثره في جودة التعليم من وجهة نظر المعلمين
Authors: Alayed Yousef
Published: February 2023

الملخص
        هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى استقصاء فاعلية إستراتيجية تقييم الأداء كبديل عن الاختبار المدرسي وأثره في جودة التعليم من وجهة نظر المعلمين في لواء الشونة الجنوبية في محافظة البلقاء، وتحديد نقاط القوة لإستراتيجية تقييم الأداء ومعوقاتها مع مقارنتها بالاختبار التحصيلي المدرسي، كما تهدف إلى الكشف عن أثر تقييم الأداء على جودة التعليم، واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتكونت أداة الدراسة من (39) فقرة موزعة على ثلاثة مجالات رئيسية، وتم اختيار عينة الدراسة بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع المعلمين والمعلمات في لواء الشونة الجنوبية البالغ عددهم 848، وبلغت عدد الاستجابات (259) استجابة، واستخدم الباحت  SPSS؛ للإجابة على أسئلة الدرسة، حيث أشارت النتائج إلى أن جميع مجالات الأداة كانت تقديراتها مرتفعة، كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لكل من الجنس والمؤهل العلمي وسنوات الخبرة بين متوسطات آراء المعلمين حول إستراتيجية تقييم الأداء كبديل عن الاختبارات وأثره في جودة التعليم من وجهة نظر المعلمين، وأظهرت وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى للجنس بين متوسطات أراء المعلمين حول معوقات استخدام إسترتيجية تقييم الأداء كبديل عن الاختبار المدرسي لصالح الأناث. في ضوء النتائج أوصت الدراسة بعدة توصيات ومقترحات، من أهمها ضرورة تشجيع أجراء المزيد من الدراسات والبحوث في الميدان التربوي والتي تعنى في مجال التقييم المعتمد على الأداء والتقويم الواقعي (الحقيقي) لتحسين جودة التعليم في المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية.
سياق مادّة "الجزائر" كنصّ خطابيّ تاريخيّ في الموسوعة الإسلاميّة (باللّغة التّركيّة) "وقف الديانة التركي"
Authors: رحماني نعيمة
Published: February 2023

نحاول من خلال هذا البحث معرفة ظروف إنتاج نصّ خطاب مادّة "الجزائر" في الموسوعة الإسلاميّة (باللّغة التّركيّة) "وقف الديانة التركي"، انطلاقاً من الخلفيّة الثّقافيّة للمؤلِّفين الّذين أنتجوا تلك النّصوص الموجَّهة للآخر، وبالخصوص خلفيّتهم الاثنيّة الهوياتيّة المرتبطة بمختلف الأنساق الاجتماعيّة الاقتصاديّة والسّياسيّة والدّينيّة المحيطة بهم، وضمن طرح يغطّي السّياق العامّ لنصّ مادّة "الجزائر" من خلال التّساؤلات التّالية: ما هو مصدر نصّ مادّة "الجزائر" في الموسوعة الإسلاميّة (باللّغة التّركيّة) "وقف الديانة التركي"؟ ومن ساهم في تأليفه؟ وما هي الخلفيّات الثّقافيّة لمؤلِّفيه؟ وما هي المسائل المشكِّلة لموضوع المادّة؟ وما هي المصادر الّتي تمّ الاعتماد عليها في إنتاج نصّ المادّة؟.
المعرفة العلمية وإشكالية تطبيق المنهج في العلوم الإنسانية : جامعة زاخو انموذجا
Authors: كويى فادية عبد الرحمن , الدوري أ. د جنان صادق عبدالرزاق
Published: February 2023

التفكير العلمي هو كل محاولة لتفسير الظواهر باستخدام منهج معين أو كل نشاط عقلي ينصرف بشكل منظم إلى محاولة تفسير، وفهم موضوعات معينة.
 إن التفكير العلمي إنما يكون بمنهجه لا بموضوعه فالموضوع العلمي قد يخرج عن نطاق العلم إذا نوقش بمنهج غير علمي، لذلك قيل: إن العلم هو المنهج، ولما كان العلم يتَّخِذُ مناهج تنادي بالحتمية التي تعني أنه إذا توفرت الشروط والأسباب. فإنها تحتمُ وقوع النتائج نفسها. فإلى أي مدى ينطبق ذلك على المنهج العلمي في العلوم الإنسانية ؟  وقد خرج  البحث بالنتائج التالية :

لا يمكن للباحث الاستغناء عن أدوات جمع البيانات، وذلك أن أغلب البحوث تعتمد على جمع البيانات من خلال الادوات النظرية؛ المصادر والمراجع والوثائق. بينما بعضها إلي الأدوات التطبيقية، الاستبانة، والمقابلة والملاحظة، حتى يكتمل بذلك تفعيل دور الادوات النظرية في منهجية البحث.
تختلف البحوث العلمية الاكاديمية في تحديد الاداة المعتمدة لجمع المعلومات والحقائق التي من شانها تذلل صعوبات البحث، وتجيب عن الاشكالات المطروحة في بدايات البحث، وذلك حسب اختيار اداة المقابلة، او الاستبيان، أو الوثائق، أو الملاحظة.

الكلمات المفتاحية: المعرفة  ، المعرفة العلمية، المنهج ، الظاهرة العلمية، الظاهرة الإنسانية
صورة الجسم لدى الطفل المصاب باضطراب طيف التوحد
Authors: عمار عبدالحق , لكحل مصطفى
Published: February 2023

يتميز طيف التوحد بصعوبة يجدها الطفل المصاب بهذا لاضطراب في إقامة علاقات مع المحيط الخارجي، بحيث أنه لا يتفاعل مع الأفراد المحيطين به، الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو مقاربة إدراك هذا الطفل لصورة جسمه، كون الجسم يمثل الأداة الأساسية التي يدخل بها الفرد في تفاعل مع محيطه. قمنا بدراسة أساسية، وقد شملت هذه الدراسة عينة من أربعة أطفال مصابين باضطراب طيف التوحد، لقد اعتمدنا لإجراء هذه الدراسة على منهج دراسة الحالة، القائم أساسا على المقابلة، الملاحظة والاختبارات النفسية، كما قمنا بقياس شدة التوحد من خلال استخدام سلم CARS عند أطفال العينة،  حيث أننا أخذنا حالات كانت تعاني من توحد خفيف (أقل من 37). ثم قمنا بتطبيق اختبار روشاخ  بهدف تحديد  إدراك هؤلاء الأطفال لصورة جسمهم. و قد أسفرت الدراسة على النتائج التالية: الطفل المصاب باضطراب طيف التوحد يجد صعوبة في إدراك صورة الجسم في شكلها الإنساني، فهو ليس لديه إدراك لصورة جسمه في وحدتها.
قراءة في منزلة العقل في فكر الأمير عبد القادر "ذكرى الغافل وتنبيه العاقل" أنموذجا
Authors: مقنونيف شعيب , الألي الرافع
Published: February 2023

المـلـخــص:
      إنّ في كتاب " ذكرى العاقل وتنبيه الغافل"، تأكيد على أن الله جعل معجزات هذه الأمّة الإسلامية عقلية، وذلك لفرط ذكائهم، وكمال أفهامهم، وفضلهم على مَن قدمهم؛ إذ معجزاتهم حسّية لبلادتهم، وقلّة بصيرتهم، ولذلك فالأمير يحمد الله لقوله تعالى لرسوله: ﴿وأنزلنا إليك الذكر لتبيّن للنّاس ما نزل إليهم﴾، وخصّه بالإعانة على التبليغ فلم يقدر أحد منهم على معارضته بعد تحدّيهم، وكانوا أفصح الفصحاء وأبلغ البلغاء.
ومقالي الموسوم " قراءة في منزلة العقل في فكر الأمير عبد القادر (ذكرى الغافل وتنبيه العاقل) أنموذجا"، هو  محاولة للوقوف عند الإشادة بدور العقل في الدّين الإسلامي، من لدن الأمير، إذ يرى أن الله تعالى أسّس دينه وبناه على الاتّباع، وقَبوله بالعقل، فمن الدّين معقول وغير معقول، والإتّباع في جميعه واجب.
الكلمات المفتاحية: قراءة/ منزلة/ العقل/ فكر/ الأمير عبد القادر الجزائري.
فاعلية برنامج إرشادي مقترح قائم على رواية القصة ومناقشتها في تعزيز الجانب الخلقي لدى الأطفال
Authors: Benhalilem Asma
Published: February 2023

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى معرفة  فعالية برنامج إرشادي قائم على رواية القصة ومناقشتها في تعزيز الجانب الخلقي لدى الأطفال، وإكسابه بعض السلوكات الحسنة كالأمانة والصدق والنظافة والالتزام، تكونت العينة من (12) طفل تراوحت أعمارهم ما بين (5-6) سنوات موزعين إلى مجموعتين تجريبية وضابطة.
استخدمت الدراسة مقياس الجانب الخلقي للأطفال من إعداد الدهان (2002) والبرنامج الإرشادي من إعداد الباحثة، وتوصلت النتائج إلى وجود فروق بين المجموعتين الضابطة والتجريبية لصالح المجموعة التجريبية وبالتالي فعالية البرنامج الإرشادي ودوره الايجابي في إكساب الطفل بعض القيم الأخلاقية.
أسبـاب انتشار ظاهـرة تعاطي المخدرات لدى الشبـاب في المجتمع الجزائري
Authors: بوحارة هناء
Published: February 2023

أضحت ظاهرة تعاطي المخدرات في الفترة الأخيرة التي تحول فيها المجتمع الدولي إلى قرية صغيرة بسبب انتشار وسائل الاتصال والتقدم التكنولوجي السريع ظاهرة خطيرة تحوم على مختلف شرائح المجتمع، وفعلا جديرة بالرصد والدراسة والتحليل، خاصة إذا ما تعلق تعاطي المخذرات بفئة الشباب التي تشكل عماد المستقبل للمجتمع. ومما لا شك فيه أن ظاهرة تعاطي المخذرات من أخطر الظواهر التي تواجهها المجتمعات بشكل عام، ذلك أن خطر هذه الظاهرة ليس مقتصرا على الفرد المتعاطي فحسب، بل يتعداه إلى مجتمعه الصغير، أسرته، رفاقه، وأقاربه ومعارفه، وكذلك مجتمعه ككل. حيث تعد ظاهرة انتشار المخذرات من الظواهر الأكثر تعقيدا وخطورة على الإنسان والمجتمع، إذ تعتبر إحدى مشكلات العصر الشائكة التي بدأت تحتل مكانا بارزا في اهتمامات الرأي العام والمحلي، حيث يتزايد خطر هذه الظاهرة في كونها تصيب الطاقة البشرية الموجودة في أي مجتمع بصورة مباشرة وغير مباشرة، وبصفة خاصة الشباب من الجنسين فهي تصيب جزءا غالبا من تلك الطاقة البشرية الموجودة في أي مجتمع مهما اختلفت درجة تحضره، وفي ذات الوقت هي تصيب حاضر المجتمعات وتخيم الظلام على مستقبلها، وتؤثر على موارد الثروة الطبيعية والبشرية مما يعرقل أي جهود خاصة بالتنمية الشاملة في المجتمع.
الكلمات المفتاحية: المخدرات، أسباب المخدرات، الشباب.
PENGARUH KEBIASAAN BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Budiana Sandi , Karmila Nita , Devi Ratna
Published: February 2023

THE EFFECT OF HABIT LEARNING TOWARD MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES This research is a quantitative research with a survey approach conducted on fourth grade students of Sukasari State Elementary School, Bogor City, 2020/2021 school years. The populations are 93 student and sample 48 student. The data in this study were obtained throungh an instrument in the for learning habits variables and a test instrument in the form multiple choice questions for variable mathematics learning outcomes. This is based on statistical analysis which produces path coefficients (r_xy) in the amount of 0,335 and the pattern Y = 43,85 + 0,236x. From the level of influence is low and obtained t_count 2,713 greater than t_table1,990 the real level 0,05  significant. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a positive influence between the learning habits on the mathematics learning outcomes of fourth grade student.
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA DALAM MEMAHAMI MATERI PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN MAKHLUK HIDUP KELAS XII MIPA SMAN 1 CIBUNGBULANG KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Widiastuti Lina
Published: February 2023

This study aims to obtain information about students' learning difficulties on the material for the growth and development of living things that are studied in odd semester XII Mathematics and Natural Sciences and what factors are causing them. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The population in this study were all students of class XII MIPA in SMA Negeri 1 Cibungbulang in the academic year 2019/2020 with a sample of one class, namely class XII MIPA 1, amounting to 36 people consisting of 26 female students and 10 male students. Data in the form of student learning outcomes were collected using a description test instrument, amounting to 9 questions, while data regarding student responses to biology subjects and data to explore the factors causing student learning difficulties using a questionnaire or questionnaire. Data analysis using the description test found that 26 students out of 36 students achieved grades below the KKM which meant that 72% of students had learning difficulties. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that 72% of students have difficulty learning in understanding the material for growth and development in living things. The most difficulty level of students is in the medium category (38.9%) followed by the low (25%) and high categories (25%) i. Only 11, 1% of students in the very low learning disability category. Student interest, student attitudes, student health, family support, completeness of facilities and infrastructure of teaching methods and the general condition of the student's home environment already support the learning process and are not factors in causing learning difficulties experienced by students. Factors that cause students 'learning difficulties turned out to be due to the test questions which according to students were difficult to do because 55.5% of the questions included analytical questions (HOTS) so that students' test scores were relatively low on growth and development material in living things.
espacio para la reflexión en torno a la conceptualización de la literatura española
Authors: Martín Ezpeleta Antonio
Published: February 2023

El nacimiento del Boletín de la Biblioteca de Menéndez Pelayo coincide con un momento en la Historia de la historiografía literaria especialmente intenso. Revisada en su conjunto, esta publicación periódica ha sido testigo y protagonista de una evolución en la manera de entender el hecho literario y facilitar su asimilación para el caso de la literatura española. El presente trabajo contextualiza los artículos relacionados con estos asuntos en el debate tan vigente de cómo entender y explicar la literatura española, que propedéuticamente se enriquece al comprender el devenir de las aportaciones historiográfico-literarias del pasado.
poesía española del siglo XVI en el BBMP. Un siglo de aportaciones
Authors: Pérez-Abadín Barro Soledad
Published: February 2023

Esta recopilación de los trabajos sobre la poesía española del siglo XVI publicados en el BBMP desde su fundación se divide en tres capítulos: 1. Autores, 2. Temas y problemas, 3. Textos y documentos. Los contenidos que en conjunto proporcionan estos artículos son sistematizados desde una perspectiva crítica, con el fin de dirigir de nuevo la atención hacia títulos fundamentales para el estudio de la producción poética de dicho siglo.
Analytical Formulae and Applications of Vertical Dynamic Responses for Railway Vehicles
Authors: Yu Yuewei , Song Yunpeng , Zhao Leilei , Zhou Changcheng
Published: February 2023

To effectively improve the estimated level of railway vehicles’ vertical dynamic responses and provide a more suitable reference for the selection of its secondary suspension damping parameter, this paper has derived the root mean square values analytical formulae of the car body vertical acceleration, the secondary suspension vertical stroke, and the axle box vertical action force for railway vehicles under the random excitation of the track closer to the actual track characteristics. The correctness of the analytical formulae is verified by testing a real vehicle. Then, according to the analytical formulae derived, an analytical design method of the optimal damping ratio for the secondary suspension system is constructed based on the multi-objective programming and single-objective interval constraint analysis, which can be used to find the best trade-off for conflicting performance indices, such as ride comfort, running smoothness, and running safety, and the influences of the system parameters on the optimal damping ratio are analysed. This research can effectively characterize the vertical vibration response of railway vehicles and provide an effective reference for the initial design of the railway vehicle secondary suspension damping parameter.
Foreword
Authors: Goizueta Roberto
Published: February 2023

An occupational hazard of so-called academic theologians is that our scholarship will become, indeed, merely “academic.” This very real danger weighs particularly heavy on those of us who claim to be contextual or practical theologians, whose theological reflections claim to be rooted in the praxis of flesh-and-blood communities, especially marginalized communities. (Indeed, the constitutive link between theology and communal praxis is the responsibility of all theology, but that’s a topic already addressed at length in many books and articles elsewhere.) Ultimately, then, our scholarship must answer to el pueblo, to those communities which the Gospel proclaims are the privileged bearers of God’s Word in the world. This responsibility implies that, precisely as Christian scholars, we must accompany those communities in practical, everyday ways. We must also collaborate closely with those grassroots pastoral and community leaders who so often function as a bridge between el pueblo and academic and ecclesiastical institutions. Our first task is to listen: to the poor, to those community leaders immersed in the everyday lives of the poor, and ultimately to the living God revealed in a preferential way among the poor, in the lived faith of the poor. Dr. Paul Farmer’s life and work were the embodiment of this dynamic, this preferential option for the poor. As Jorge José Ferrer argues in his chapter herein, Paul Farmer was the epitome of what Antonio Gramsci called an “organic intellectual.”
Sensation Assessment with Two-Point Discrimination and Graphesthesia in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Zainab Kalsoom Fatima , Iftikhar Sadia , Islam Farooq , Raza Asim , Kousar Raheela , Bhatti Muhammad Aamir
Published: February 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a polyneuropathic disorder in which there is a gradual deprivation of nerve function in patients with diabetes mellitus. Two-point discrimination is a measurable testing procedure used for the assessment of nerve function and is generally used in patient-contact experience to evaluate tactile acuity in diabetic patients. Graphesthesia is the capability to perceive symbols that are traced on the skin of the participant. Objective: To assess the sensation with two-point discrimination and graphesthesia in diabetic patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2022. In this study, 385 diabetic patients aged ranged from 35 to 75 years were included, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria using non-probability convenient sampling. Data was collected from Aamir Hospital and Dr. Ejaz Ali Physiotherapy Services Gujrat. The capability to discriminate the two-point was evaluated in millimeters by using a Vernier caliper. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 and for descriptive analysis, mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables whereas frequency and percentages were used for qualitative variables. The chi-square and non-parametric tests were applied to find the association between variables. Results: The results had been obtained from 385 diabetic patients of which 62.6% were females and 37.4% were males. In a two-point discrimination assessment on both hands, 243(63.1%) participants show the normal frequency (<6mm), 123(31.9%) show fair (6-10mm) and 19(4.94%) showed poor frequency (11-15mm). Graphesthesia assessment was conducted using a list of 10 letters and numbers on both forearms. The correct response on the right forearm is 7.03±2.29 & on the left side is 6.63±2.18. Women scored less than men (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study concludes that females with diabetes have more poor two-point discrimination and graphesthesia sensation as compared to males. The study also concluded that age is associated with sensation. As the old patients have more sensory disturbance as compared to younger ones.
Prevalence of Neck Pain and Awareness of Ergonomics among Microscope Users
Authors: Khalid Laraib , Shah Syed Nasir , Salik Sumbal , Rana Arif Ali , Dastgir Hamza , Tariq Rija
Published: February 2023

Background: Working with microscopes requires accuracy and the capacity for sustained concentration. Users of microscopes in this profession frequently need to maintain a static work position, which puts strain on the musculoskeletal system. Since pathologists frequently combine using a magnifying glass and a computer, in addition to the strain on the musculoskeletal system, magnifying lens work can cause eye strain, which is consequently known as strong strain. This can indicate an additional musculoskeletal risk. Arm, neck, and shoulder complaints cover a wide range of grievances with varying degrees of seriousness. Objective: The objective was to discover whether neck pain was common and whether microscope users were aware of ergonomics. Methods: 161 participants took part in this cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, which was executed in Lahore from February to July 2019. The participants including both men and women aged 25 to 55 were included following their signed informed consent. The study excluded those with any neck pathology, recent trauma, or surgery. Using SPSS 22.0, data analysis was carried out. The mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables were computed. Frequency and percentages were determined for qualitative variables. Results: Out of 161 survey participants, 150 (93.2%) were discovered to have musculoskeletal disorder, primarily affecting the neck region, 83 (51.6%), and only a few 53 (32.9%) were found to be aware of workplace ergonomics. Conclusion: There was a significant amount of neck pain between microscope users. Additionally, it was found that professionals generally have very little awareness of workplace ergonomics and sitting positions.
Effectiveness of Virtual Rehabilitation Versus Therapeutic Exercises in the Balance Training of Lower Limb Among Post-Stroke Patients
Authors: Pervaiz Hana , Kousar Raheela , Islam Farooq , Raza Thakur Asim , Gulzar Khushboo , Asif Sumbal
Published: February 2023

Background: Stroke is the major source of death and disability and leads to impaired balance in post-stroke patients. Balance training is one of the main components of stroke rehabilitation. Virtual rehabilitation is gaining more popularity as it engages the patients attention in training. Objective: To evaluate the effects of virtual rehabilitation versus therapeutic exercises to improve the balance in patients with stroke. Methods: This randomized controlled trial conducted at Abdullah Hospital, Lalamusa from August  to December 2022. The sample size of 30 participants was randomly divided into two groups virtual therapy group versus therapeutic exercises group, after taking their informed consent. Participants were recruited through the non-probability purposive sampling, between the age of 35 to 55 years, post-stroke survivors after 3 months and were able to stand up with or without assistive devices. Participants with auditory or visual dysfunction, a history of deep venous thrombosis, lower limb amputation, severe receptive or expressive aphasia, significant cognitive impairments and unstable hypertension were excluded. The data was collected from the patients by using Berg Balance Scale (BSS) at three different time frames: baseline, mid-intervention and post-intervention. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to calculate the normality of the data.  For descriptive analysis, quantitative variables were calculated by mean and standard deviation whereas, for qualitative variables, frequency and percentages were used. To find significance an independent sample t-test was applied for between-group analysis and two-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to measure within-group analysis. Results: Both groups improved their balance after six months of intervention. Comparative analysis showed a significant improvement with p-value≤0.05 in both groups. The mean and standard deviation after six weeks of intervention in the virtual training group was 55.4±0.82 and the therapeutic exercise group was 54.47±1.3. This showed that the virtual rehabilitation group had improved balance in patients with stroke. Conclusion: Virtual rehabilitation was found to be effective in improving the balance of patients with stroke. It not only improves balance but also engages the patient in the treatment protocol. This rehabilitation is effective for the balance training of post-stroke patients.
Association of Knee Pain in Long Standing and Sitting among University Teachers
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Maqsood Maryam , Azhar Nimra , Safdar Zainab , Amin Umer , Waheed Tahira Sajid
Published: February 2023

Background: Prolonged sitting and standing raise the load on the knee, thus increasing the risk of knee pain and severity among teachers. Objective: To determine the association of knee pain in long-standing and sitting among school and university teachers. Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey conducted on 185 patients with a history of chronic knee pain. The data was collected from school and university teachers in the private and public sectors. Data were collected from both male and female teachers having knee pain and aged between 27 to 60 years and the patients who have a history of knee osteoarthritis, carcinoma, traumatic injury and wound/infection were excluded from the survey. The categorical variables were evaluated by frequency and percentages, while mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables. The correlation was calculated between knee pain reported by university professors due to long periods of standing or sitting. Results: Out of 185 participants, 111 (60%) were females and 74 (40%) were males, with a mean age of 41.37±11.33. There was a weak positive correlation between knee pain and standing hours, which was statistically significant (r=0.273, n =185, p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between knee pain and sitting hours, (r=-0.160, n=185, p<0.05). Conclusion: This study found that prolonged standing hours may increase knee pain among teachers as compared to prolonged sitting. More standing hours during academic activities tend to increase knee pain while prolonged sitting did not increase that pain. There was a negative correlation between knee pain and sitting hours, and weak positive correlation between knee pain and standing hours, which was statistically significant.
Husserl and Stein on Empathy: Paving a Way Towards Integration
Authors: Payo Francis
Published: February 2023

Edith Stein is apparently better known than Edmund Husserl when it comes to a phenomenological understanding of empathy. Husserl served as her mentor in phenomenological studies, especially in her dissertation, On the Problem of Empathy, which introduced Stein as an important phenomenologist to reckon with in the world of philosophy. She continued to work closely with Husserl as his assistant, particularly in preparing to publish his Ideas II, the locus of the brewing controversy between Husserl and Stein concerning the phenomenological constitution of empathy. Some would argue that Husserl was influenced by Stein. However, she herself acknowledges that her consideration of empathy stays within the general framework of his phenomenology. With certain confidence, we can say that Husserl and Stein must have mutually influenced each other, but up to what extent? How can we delineate the grounds where they converge and diverge in constituting empathy? Can we find a way to integrate their phenomenological understanding of empathy? These questions revolve around the problem: How do we arrive at a synthesis of Edith Stein’s and Edmund Husserl’s understanding of empathy? This essay simply presents a preliminary context to this problem in the hope of finding salient aspects of their respective understanding, thus paving the way towards a possible integration, and perhaps a richer understanding of empathy.
PELATIHAN DIGITAL MARKETING DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN PADA BISNIS UMKM DI METRO ATOM PASAR BARU, PD.PASAR JAYA DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Achmad Tarmizi
Published: February 2023

Usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah telah diakui sangat strategis dan penting, tidak hanya bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi tetapi juga untuk pembagian pendapatan yang merata. UMKM juga mengalami keterbatasan sumber daya manusia. Kebanyakan UMKM berpendidikan rendah dengan keahlian teknis, kompetensi kewirausahaan dan manajemen yang seadanya. Melalui pelatihan digital marketing dalam upaya peningkatan penjualan diharapkan dapat memberikan bekal dalam memperkuat daya saingnya. Setelah selesai digital marketing dalam upaya peningkatan penjualan yang diselenggarakan Tim Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat dalam bentuk teori dan praktik, para peserta pelatihan diharapkan mampu 1)  Mengidentifikasi penggunaan media pemasaran pada  UMKM 2) Menggambarkan upaya peningkatan penjualan berbasis teknologi pada UMKM melalui pelatihan digital marketing 3) Untuk selanjutnya setelah selesai pelatihan peserta pelatihan diharapkan dapat menerapkan promosi berbasis media online sehingga mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan mereka melalui usaha mandiri.
Abandonment trauma from a developmental perspective and its treatment
Authors: Martínez Borja Luque
Published: February 2023

Human beings are acquiring learning as we live different experiences. These learnings together with biological factors condition our development. In favorable contexts we will achieve greater development of our potential, however, in unfavorable contexts, our capacities may be reduced. Even situations of special impact may occur throughout the life of the person, which leaves their mark and blocks the proper development of the person. These are traumatic situations that reduce learning capacity and generate palpable biopsychosocial damage, something that happens in cases of early abandonment.
Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants of the Amazon
Authors: Lameira Osmar Alves , Cordeiro Iracema Maria Castro Coimbra , Pacheco Elaine Cristina , Rodrigues Simone de Miranda , Campelo Meiciane Ferreira , Neves Raphael Lobato Prado , Ferreira Tassia Alana Alves , Silva Ana Caroline Batista da , Guedes Alex Santos
Published: February 2023

The results of the phytochemical research involving medicinal plants of the Amazon traditionally used by the population are described in this chapter as Pilocarpus microphyllus, Copaifera sp, Carapa guianensis, and Bauhinia sp, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phenolic content of Connarus perrottetti, Cecropia obtusa, Cecropia palmata, and Mansoa alliacea. A method was developed and validated to characterize the presence of phenolic compounds in extracts of medicinal plants from the Amazon for different years of sampling. A complete evaluation of the different possible causes of ion suppression in the analysis of extracts of medicinal plants by UHPLC-MS / MS using electrospray ionization is shown. The mineral content of dry matter composition of Cecropia palmata and Cecropia obtusa at different seasons evaluated the nutritional properties of the tea produced by infusion of the leaves of these two species of Cecropia. In the phytochemical analysis carried out in some species, the presence of sugar, protein, amino acid reducers, foamy saponin, and tannins was revealed. All of these results are part of this chapter.
Impact and Opportunities of Conservation Agriculture on Food and Nutrition Security in Timor-Leste
Authors: Correia Vicente de Paulo , Costa Delfim da , Profumo Gianna Bonis , Costa Ana Maria N. da , Gomes Graciano Soares
Published: February 2023

future of sustainable agriculture. The result of the study revealed that CA has had a significant impact on food production and productivity. The analysis shows that the productivity of maize increased by 90% and cassava by 2%. Increases in crop productivity have a positive impact on food security, as more food is available for consumption for the whole year. One of the key benefits of adopting CA for farmers is having less time on the farm and lower workloads compared to conventional farming due to decreases in wedding requirements. The impact of CA on household diet quality is marginal. The study findings indicate that CA adopters do not consume better quality or more diverse diets than non-adopters. The majority of adopters think their diets have not changed since adopting CA and their dietary practices are very poor both in terms of minimum dietary diversity and frequency of protein food intake. In addition, it is not surprising that the research found no impact of CA on nutrition knowledge and related behaviors. The study revealed that there is very poor child-feeding knowledge and that CA adopters do not display a better understanding of nutrition practices. The impact of CA on women's empowerment is positive. In terms of energy expenditure, female adopters have more time to rest due to reduced workloads such as weeding and less time and labor consumption. Most women decide on food purchases and uses of income from crop sales, yet decision-making on health is limited. The majority do not report changes in their community status after implementing CA, despite the benefits of group participation. Based on the result of the study it is recommended that it is important to invest in researching CA approaches that increase staple yields while producing nutrient-rich varieties, such as soybeans, red beans, and peanuts. Considering the nutritional value of legume varieties for both macro and micronutrients, such as protein and iron, is highly recommended. Thus, investing in the nutrition capacity of the CA workforce is needed, and this can be done by facilitating yearly training on Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture (NSA) to all staff involved in implementing CA programs.
Development of Hybrid Linear Friction Welding of overlap and T joints in aluminum alloys
Authors: Maciel Ricardo , Braga Daniel F.O. , Infante Virgínia I. M. N. , Moreira Pedro M.G.P. , Silva Lucas F.M. da
Published: February 2023

While Linear Friction Welding (FSW) has been shown to produce high performance butt joints, stress concentration at the weld edges in the FSW lap significantly reduces the performance of these joints. In this article, the research studies carried out will be presented, referring to the development of the process of joining metals, linear friction welding (FSW) in combination with adhesive bonding (AB), Friction Stir Weld-Bonding (FSWB), for overlapping joints (SLJ) and AA 6082-T6 aluminum alloy T-joints. Before the manufacturing of optimized joints was achieved, it was necessary to carry out several experimental weldings to select the FSW parameters for the lap and T joints. The current article intends to present the results obtained for the different tests carried out, as well as the discussion of these, regarding the improvement of the fatigue strength of lap joints using the FSWB process when compared to the FSW process. FSWB welding achieved a significant increase in quasi-static and fatigue strength when compared to FSW overlay, with 79.9% of the adhesive joint fatigue strength at 106 cycles, while FSW had 41.6%. bending of T-joints in an integral frame configuration will also be presented and discussed.
Mental calculation strategies used by teachers in the additive field: from mathematical knowledge to methodological implications for teaching
Authors: Costa Leila Pessôa da
Published: February 2023

The new curricular guidelines highlight the importance of the development of mental calculus skills and their relationship with the objects of knowledge for the early years of elementary school. This paper presents the clipping of a research developed by Brazilian and Portuguese researchers. We present the strategies and understanding of mental calculus used in the additive field of whole numbers up to 100 per teacher and work in the public network of a municipality located in the northwest region of the State of Paraná, in the initial years of elementary school. Twenty-six teachers who solved mentally and in two different ways participated in this project, six propositions that involved the addition and subtraction with numbers of two digits of whole numbers up to 100. The analysis of the results showed that this group used the algorithmic procedures mentally and the strategies 1010 and N10, in addition to the commutative, and associative properties of the addition and the distributive multiplication of the addition. Subsequently, we interviewed to identify what mathematical knowledge was underlying the resolutions undertaken. It is observed that although they use the characteristics of the Decimal Numbering System (NdS), even in algorithmic resolution, the properties of operations and strategies already presented in studies on the subject were not identified by the participants about the mental calculus undertaken, and the mathematical knowledge underlying and Le. These data reveal the little knowledge of teachers about the characteristics of ndS and the properties of operations that allow us to flexible mental calculation strategies and their variations according to the numbers involved in the operations, evidencing the need for teaching training on the subject investigated. This cutout of the researched data brings significant aspects to be considered in a process of continuous training of teachers and teachers who teach mathematics as a contribution to this process.
Strategi Guru Akidah Akhlak Dalam Meningkatkan Karakter Disiplin Siswa
Authors: Asropi  , Hidayat  , Risnita
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Strategi Guru Akidah Akhlak dalam meningkatkan karakter disiplin siswa di MTs Al-Hidayatul Islamiyah tanjung Jabung Barat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, adapun seluruh data primer yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui instrument penelitian berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Gambaran kedisiplinan siswa di Mts Al-Hidaytul Islamiyah Tanjung Jabung Barat yakni disiplin waktu belajar sesuai dengan jadwal roster mata pelajaran yang berlaku pada setiap semester, serta berpenampilan sesuai dengan tata tertib sekolah, siswa ditekankan agar selalu taat terhadap tata tertib, dan setiap siswa wajib mengikuti sholat dzuhur secara berjamaah. Faktor yang menghambat guru dalam meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa yaitu faktor pertama yakni faktor dari siswa itu sendiri, kurangnya kesadaran siswa terhadap tata tertib di sekolah serta ada unsur keterpaksaan dalam menjalankan pembiasaan kedisiplinan dan kondisi siswa yang tidak ikhlas dan malas mengikuti kegiatan belajar.
Penggunaan Metode Melukis Dengan Jari Dalam Meningkatkan Kreativitas dan Kemampuan Motorik Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Pebriani Epa
Published: February 2023

Peneltian ini fokus pada Penggunaan Metode Melukis dengan Jari (Finger Painting) untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas dan Kemampuan Motorik Anak Usia 5 – 6 Tahun di Taman Kanak-kanak Pembina Kecamatan Mersam  Kabupaten Batanghari . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan metode melukis dengan jari (Finger Painting) dalam meningkatkan kreativitas dan kemampuan motorik anak usia 5 – 6 tahun di Taman kanak-kanak Pembina Kecamatan Mersam Kabupaten Batanghari dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 1 orang anak. Model penelitian ini menggunkan model rancangan Kemmis dan Taggart dengan menggunakan dua siklus yang masing-masing siklus terdiri atas tiga kali pertemuan dan menggunakan langkah-langkah Perencanaan, Tindakan, Observasi, Refleksi. Selain itu penelitian ini juga mengunakan pendekatan Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif untuk mendapatkan hasil persentase menggunakan skala likert. Sebelum melaksanakan tindakan atau pada saat prasiklus peneliti menemukan berbagai permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran terutama pada tingkat kreativitas dan kemampuan motorik. Dengan demiian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penerapan metode melukis dengan jari (Finger Painting) dapat meningkatkan kreativitas dan kemampuan motoric anak usia 5 – 6 Tahun. Penelitian ini juga dilakukan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk memberikan pemahaman dan pengetahuan kepada guru yang dapat digunkan untuk perbaikan dalam pembealajaran selanjutnya.
Pengelolaan Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Bidang Keagamaan Dalam Pembinaan Akhlak Siswa
Authors: Himyari Said , Jailani M. Syahran , Malik Abd
Published: February 2023

Artikel ini hendak mengungkap ingin mengungkap pengelolaan ekstrakurikuler bidang keagaamaan dalam meningkatkan akhlak siswa di SMP Muhammadiyah Tembilahan. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif lapangan (field research) di mana yang menjadi responden adalah Kepala Sekolah dan para guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; Pertama, Kondisi objektif pendidikan agama Islam di Tembilahan belum diberikan ruang yang luas untuk pengajaran ekstrakurikuler, sehingga seluruh sekolah menggunakan inisiatif sendiri melaksanakan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler keruhanian dengan memanfaatkan waktu-waktu kosong di luar jam mengajar wajib. Hanya saja saat ini beberapa sekolah sangat sulit untuk mencari waktu, karena jam belajar wajib yang begitu padat dari pagi hingga sore. Kedua, Peran kepala sekolah dalam pengelolaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler bidang keagamaan dalam pembinaan akhlak siswa di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Muhammadiyah Tembilahan sangat penting. Kepala sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Muhammadiyah dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler menggunakan tahapan manajemen. Ketiga, Setiap kegiatan atau program yang dilaksanakan selalu ada yang mempengaruhinya baik itu bersifat negatif atau positif.