bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcitriol and Levothyroxine Dosing for Patients With Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Antoun Jacqueline , Williamson Dylan , Hubler Merla , Shoemaker Ashley H
Published: October 2021

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a rare hormone resistance syndrome caused by mutations in GNAS. This cross-sectional study investigated whether PHP patients with parathyroid hormone (PTH), thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone; TSH), and free thyroxine (T4) levels at goal required higher doses of levothyroxine and calcitriol than recommended by current guidelines to overcome mineral ion abnormalities due to hormone resistance.

Baseline demographic and clinical data of participants enrolled in PHP research studies between 2012-2021 were collected via retrospective chart review. Longitudinally, data were recorded at a maximum frequency of once a year starting at 1 year of age. The PTH at goal (PAG) group was defined as PTH < 150 pg/mL and calcium ≥ 8.4 mg/dL, and the TSH and free T4 at goal (TAG) group was defined as TSH < 5 mIU/L and free T4 ≥ 0.8 ng/dL.

The PAG group (n = 74) was prescribed higher calcitriol doses than the PTH not at goal (PNAG) group (n = 50) (0.9 ± 1.1 vs 0.5 ± 0.9 mcg/day, P = 0.04) and 21% of individual patients were prescribed ≥ 1.5 mcg of calcitriol daily. This remained true after normalization for body weight (0.013 ± 0.015 vs 0.0067 ± 0.0095 mcg/kg/day, P = 0.008). There was no statistically significant difference in levothyroxine dosing between the TAG group (n = 122) and TSH and free T4 not at goal (TNAG) group (n = 45) when normalized for weight (2.0 ± 0.7 vs 1.8 ± 0.7 mcg/kg/day, P = 0.2).

More than one-third of patients with PHP had PTH levels not at goal and some patients required calcitriol doses ≥ 1.5 mcg/day to meet current treatment goals.
Dopamine-Secreting Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Miyamoto Shotaro , Yoshida Yuichi , Ozeki Yoshinori , Okamoto Mitsuhiro , Gotoh Koro , Masaki Takayuki , Nishida Haruto , Shibuya Tadamasa , Shin Toshitaka , Daa Tsutomu , Mimata Hiromitsu , Kimura Noriko , Shibata Hirotaka
Published: October 2021

Predominantly or exclusively dopamine-secreting pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are very rare. We report a 64-year-old woman with an adrenal incidentaloma. She was normotensive and had no symptoms of catecholamine excess. The 24-hour urine catecholamine level showed normal norepinephrine (122.9 μg/day), normal epinephrine (24.3 μg/day), and markedly elevated dopamine (148 212.4 μg/day). 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy revealed tumor uptake. After α-blockade as preoperative management, she successfully underwent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy and was finally diagnosed with an exclusively dopamine-secreting pheochromocytoma. The tumor was histologically comprised of small polygonal cells with high cellularity and was immunohistochemically positive for all 3 catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes: tyrosine hydroxylase (very weak), dopamine β-hydroxylase (heterogeneous), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (very weak). Electron microscopy revealed very few catecholamine-containing small vesicles with a few organelles, which reflected immature cells. No biochemical or imaging evidence of recurrence or metastasis were evident 1 year after the surgery. We conducted a literature search in the PubMed database. A total of 33 cases were collected. Our case had the second-highest 24-hour urinary dopamine excretion and was the first in which immunostaining for catecholamine synthase and electron microscopy were performed together. Histological findings in our case give a possible hypothesis that the mechanism underlying a dopamine-secreting pheochromocytoma is associated with immature catecholamine vesicles in which dopamine β-hydroxylase is localized, thus resulting in inhibited conversion from dopamine to norepinephrine. We also discuss the reasons for the lack of catecholamine excess symptoms, whether preoperative management of α-blockade is needed, and the association between the prognosis and genetic mutation, with an extensive literature review.
Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients with a High Predicted Risk of Irradical Resection: Can Chemoradiotherapy Offer Similar Survival?
Authors: van Joolingen W. Hugo , Rasing Marnix J. A. , Peters Max , van Lindert Anne S. R. , de Heer Linda M. , Aarts Mieke J. , Verhoeff Joost J. C. , van Rossum Peter S. N.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Irradical resection of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a detrimental prognostic factor. Recently, Rasing et al. presented an internationally validated risk score for pre-treatment prediction of irradical resection. We hypothesized that chemoradiation therapy (CRT) could serve as an alternative approach in patients with a high risk score and compared overall survival (OS) outcomes between surgery and CRT.

Methods

Patients from a population-based cohort with stage IIB–III NSCLC between 2015 and 2018 in The Netherlands were selected. Patients with a ‘Rasing score’ > 4 who underwent surgery were matched with patients who underwent CRT using 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching. The primary endpoint of OS was compared using a Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results

In total, 2582 CRT and 638 surgery patients were eligible. After matching, 523 well-balanced pairs remained. Median OS in the CRT group was 27.5 months, compared with 45.6 months in the surgery group (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.23–1.70, p < 0.001). The 114 surgical patients who underwent an R1–2 resection (21.8%) had a worse median OS than the CRT group (20.2 versus 27.5 months, HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61–0.99, p = 0.039).

Conclusion

In NSCLC patients at high predicted risk of irradical resection, CRT appears to yield inferior survival compared with surgery. Therefore, choosing CRT instead of surgery cannot solely be based on the Rasing score. Since patients receiving an R1–2 resection do have detrimental outcomes compared with primary CRT, the treatment decision should be based on additional information, such as imaging features, comorbidities, patient preference, and the surgeon’s confidence in achieving an R0 resection.
SYNDROME OF AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION IN CHILDREN OF YOUNG SCHOOL AGE: RISK FACTORS AND STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES
Authors: Kolodyazhnaya Tatyana A. , Zaitseva Olga I. , Zaitseva Zhanna G. , Ignatova Irina A.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To study the anamnesis and physical and chemical characteristics of erythrocyte membranes in schoolchildren aged 7-11 years to determine the risk of developing autonomic dysfunction syndrome in a particular child. Materials and methods. Clinical, anamnestic and laboratory examination of schoolchildren aged 7-11 years with the syndrome of autonomic dysfunction and practically healthy children was carried out. The physical and chemical properties of erythrocyte membranes were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Results. In children with autonomic dysfunction syndrome, the method of fluorescence spectroscopy revealed structural transformations and changes in the functions of erythrocyte membranes of a destabilizing nature. Significant biophysical risk factors for the development of autonomic dysfunction syndrome in children in children of 7-11 years old turned out to be: low calcium-accumulating capacity of membranes, high rates of membrane-bound water and fluidity of the surface layers of the membrane, as well as an increased coefficient of asymmetry of the fluidity of the lipid bilayer. Conclusion. Identification of significant anamnestic and biophysical (at the membrane level) risk factors in a particular child is necessary to include the child in the risk group for psychosomatic diseases for dynamic monitoring and timely implementation of preventive measures.
GEOTOPOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SHRUBBERY PLANTATIONS
Authors: Rulev Aleksandr S. , Rulev Gleb A. , Ruleva Olga V.
Published: October 2021

Purpose. Was to substantiate the geotopological paradigm of creating curtin plantings, taking into account the features of the soil and landscape cover of the south of the Volga Upland and northern Ergenes. Materials and methods. Study were carried out during 1988-2020 in the south of the Volga Upland within the Volgograd region. The test site was laid in the former OPH “Kachalinskoye” VNIALMI (now the land use “Kachalinskoye” of the Ilovlinsky district). The meso-and microrelief of the territory was analyzed on the basis of deciphering aerial photographs and ground - based studies. The soil and landscape cover was studied by a comparative geographical method. Based on the data of desk and field decoding with leveling of the terrain, schemes of curtin plantings on meadow-chestnut soils were proposed. Results. The work are obtained. Curtain plantings of dispersed linear-modular type curtain and size 14x22 m, number of trees - 46-50, rows - 6 with placement of 1-2,5 m. The creation technology was based on the author’s patent (SU 1692388). The taxational survey of 2020 showed that the preservation of the curtains of dispersed placement is - 7; of the modular-linear type is - 17, as well as individual tree biogroups have been preserved. The growth rates in the preserved kurtins were higher in the squat elm (Ulmus elfberry) 10.0 ± 0.12 robinia pseudoacia (robinia pseudoacia) 13.9 ± 0.9 m, lanceolate ash (Fraxinus lanceolata). At the same time, in plantings on chestnut saline soils, the height of stands varied from 5.5 m to 8 m. Conclusion. The technology of creating curtin plantings is reduced to the adaptation of the elements of creation to the intra-profile variation of forest suitability, i.e., the adaptation of forest-reclaimed work systems to the spatial heterogeneity of specific lithofacial and morphological conditions associated with the peculiarity of meso- and microrelief.
PREVALENCE AND ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS CAUSING THE RETENTION OF THE PLACENTA IN COWS
Authors: Rodin Igor A. , Sedov Alexander V. , Kapustin Alexey V. , Kremianskiy Vladislav V. , Gorbacheva Yulia A.
Published: October 2021

Among the main reasons for the retention of the membranes, weakening of the contractile function of the uterus, as well as fusion of caruncles with cotyledons as a result of inflammatory processes arising in them. At the same time, hemodynamic disorders and hypotonia of the uterus, according, noticeably prevail over the rest. The reason for the retention of the membranes, should be considered the blood circulation in the maternal part of the placenta, due to the high concentration of unbound heparin in it and the low concentration of ascorbic acid. Hyperkinesia, allocated by a number of authors animals, in all likelihood, does not play such a big role. Purpose. To study the prevalence and etiological factors responsible for the retention of membranes in cows. Materials and methods. For the period from 2015 to 2021, in the herds of cows belonging to the Krasnodarskoe EF and the Kuban EF and were under supervision, 194 cases of pathogenic process due to the retention of membranes in cows. The number of dairy cows in the herd in different years ranged from 795 to 845, and averaged 830 heads. Of these, in 2015, the retention of membranes was registered in 22 cows (2.65%), in 2016 in 19 (2.29%), in 2017 in 32 (3.86%), in 2018 in 35 (4 , 2%), in 2019 for 29 (3.5%), in 2020 for 26 (3.02%) and in 2021 for 31 cows (3.73%). The research results were subjected to mathematical processing using standard statistical analysis programs for the IBM PC. The reliability of the results was determined by the parametric Student’s test. Results. The results of processing the obtained data indicate that from the second half of April to August, the rate of retention of membranes in cows, in relation to the average annual, increases markedly and reaches 12.35% of all calving cows. Meanwhile, many studies carried out in the conditions of farms and complexes indicate that in the warm season, the pathology of childbirth associated with the retention of the membranes is significantly reduced. In this regard, we made an attempt to analyze the conditions of keeping, feeding and insemination of cows prior to the development of this pathology in animals in training and experimental farms. Conclusion. Analyzing the etiological factors that determine the retention of the membranes in cows of educational and experimental farms, it can be concluded that the development of this pathology of the birth period in cows is in close connection with the state of the fodder base in farms and with the presence of helminth infestation in animals. A regularity was revealed between the presence of traumatic foreign objects in the cows’ net, causing traumatic reticulitis, and the subsequent occurrence of chronic placentitis in them, leading to the retention of the membranes.
THE EFFECT OF LOW-INTENSITY LASER RADIATION ON THE BIOCHEMICAL STATUS AND MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF TECHNOLOGICAL STRESS
Authors: Ivashchenko Marina N. , Deryugina Anna V. , Solovyeva Tatyana I. , Talamanova Maria N. , Belov Andrey A. , Petrov Vladimir A.
Published: October 2021

Technological stress arising under the influence of factors related to the methods of keeping cattle and elements of technology has an adverse effect on the health of animals and their productivity. The development of methods that increase the natural resistance of animals and have an adaptogenic effect under stress is an urgent problem of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. The aim of the work was to study the effect of low-intensity laser radiation on the biochemical parameters of blood and milk productivity of cattle in an industrial complex. Material and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on highly productive black-and-white cows. As an anti-stress factor, low-intensity laser radiation with a wavelength of 830 nm was used, the exposure time was 5, 15 minutes in the ear and withers area. The content of total protein, glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, and transaminase activity were determined in the blood. Studying the milk productivity, we determined the fat-milk content, protein-milk content, the content of lactose and solids in milk. Results. In animals under conditions of technological stress, the indicators of milk productivity were reduced, the content of total protein, creatinine, urea, cholesterol was reduced, the content of glucose and transamination enzymes was increased compared to the indicators of the intact group. The use of low-intensity laser radiation in the ear area for 15 minutes and withers for 5 minutes contributed to the normalization of the studied biochemical blood parameters in animals. The best indicators of milk productivity were obtained in cows that were exposed to low-intensity laser radiation for 5 minutes. Conclusion. The results of the experiment indicate that high-intensity laser radiation has a positive effect on the physiological reserves of the body, which allows it to be used to achieve optimal productivity of animals.
COMPARISON OF EXPRESSION OF IMMUNE RESPONSES DEPENDING ON LEVEL OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE NECROSIS AND APOPTOSIS IN HUMANS
Authors: Stavinskaya Ol’ga A. , Dobrodeeva Liliya K. , Patrakeeva Veronika V.
Published: October 2021

The processes of apoptosis and necrosis are the mechanisms of programmed cell death, differing from each other in the mechanisms of their implementation. The implementation of these processes within the physiological norm is of interest in assessing their influence on the activity of immune responses. Purpose. To identify the nature of the relationship between the level of lymphocyte necrosis of peripheral blood and the expression of immune system reactions in practically healthy people. Materials and methods. The study examined 77 people. Leukograms were carried out using a XS-1000i hematology analyzer Sysmex XS-500i (Japan). Determination of cell death was carried out by flow cytometry Epics XL (Beckman Coulter, USA). Determination of cytokines, immunoglobulins (Bender MedSystems, Austria) and serotonin (DRG, Germany). The results of the study were processed using the Statistica 6 application package (StatSoft, USA). Results. It is established that the increased level the necrosis of lymphocytes is combined with increase in number the apoptosis of lymphocytes, T-helpers, lymphocytes of CD95, IgA, IgE, IgG against the background of reduction of the level CD23, HLADR, cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6) and serotonin. Necrotic death is not associated with cellular cytolysis of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer content, but is inversely related to neutrophil phagocytosis response. Conclusion. Conclusion. The results of the study show that necrotic lymphocyte death within physiological boundaries as opposed to apoptosis increases immune response activity. Necrosis and apoptosis are subject to predominantly mature B cells with receptors to IgE and proteins of the main histocompatibility complex class II.
MINERAL PROFILE OF LINGONBERRY (VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA L.), GROWING IN THE FOREST ZONE OF MAGADAN
Authors: Stepanova Evgenia M. , Lugovaya Elena A.
Published: October 2021

Purpose. This study aimed to ascertain qualitative and quantitative mineral value of the Lingonberry fruit (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) that grows in the forest zone surrounding the city of Magadan. Materials and methods. Berry samples were collected from wild plants within the forest zone of Magadan city. Atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to determine amounts of twenty-five minerals and trace elements in the objects under study. Results and discussion. Amounts of Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, and Cu in the Lingonberry fruit (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) from the forest zone of Magadan tended to differ from similar variables available in database of chemical composition of those growing further in land of Russia, as well as Denmark, Norway, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden, and Estonia. A 100 g portion of the Lingonberry berries proved to meet an adult’s daily requirements for manganese (3,1±0,3 мг%) by 155%; siliceous (1,5±0,2 мг%) by 29%; selenium (9,8±1,5 мкг%) by 14%; boron (80,5±0,8 мкг%) by 4%; potassium (66,5±0,7 мг%) and copper (0,03±0,004 мг%) by 3%; zinc (0,2±0,02 мг%) and chromium (0,9±0,09 мкг%) by 2%; calcium (8,6±0,8 мг%), magnesium (5,1±0,5 мг%), phosphorus (8,0±0,7 мг%), iron (0,1±0,01 мг%), cobaltous (0,1±0,01 мкг%), vanadium (0,1±0,01 мкг%), and lithium (0,1±0,01 мкг%) by 1%; iodine (0,2±0,02 мкг%) by 0.1%. Lingonberry fruit samples were analyzed for toxic and heavy metal levels and no accelerated maximum permitted concentration was found which confirmed ecological safety of the place of traditional berry picking by the population. Conclusion. The obtained data on qualitative and quantitative mineral facts about the wild Lingonberries that grow in the forest zone of the city of Magadan can add information available in domestic and foreign references on chemical contents of foods.
WAYS TO PROVIDE SECURE WORKING CONDITIONS OF GAS AND SMOKE DIVERS THROUGH MONITORING THEIR HEART BEAT RATE
Authors: Shalyavin Denis N. , Shmeleva Elena A. , Tarakanov Denis V. , Grinchenko Boris B.
Published: October 2021

Background. In a device with compressed air in an environment unsuitable for breathing, it is necessary to ensure safe operating modes of gas and smoke divers based on remote monitoring of heart rate monitoring. Purpose. To develop a model of heart beat rate zone parameters for controlling the safety of gas and smoke divers in a breathing apparatus with compressed air in an nonserviceable environment. Materials and methods. 30 cadets (young men) aged 20-23 years took part in the study on the basis of the laboratory of functional diagnostics. The time interval for maintaining the maximum intensity of work when performing physical exercises on a treadmill and an exercise bike in firefighter combat clothing using a compressed air breathing apparatus and the heart rate during various physical exertion were recorded. The results were processed using Excel and SPSS Statistics 22 programs. Results. It is established that in the light zone of heart beat rate there is an exponential law of the distribution of the operating time, and in the moderate - the normal distribution. The constructed probabilistic model allows for well as information support for the decision-making process for assessing the secure workings of operating modes based on remote monitoring of the functional state of smoked divers. The novelty of the study is determined by the technical capabilities of the telemetry systems of modern breathing apparatus with compressed air. Conclusion. When designing telemetric systems for monitoring the safety of gas and smoke divers, taking into account the quantitative pulse indicator that characterizes their condition when performing fire extinguishing operations in an inhospitable environment, it is necessary to take into account the normal distribution of working time in the pulse zone and the level of efficiency of the gas and smoke divers.
DEVELOPMENT OF STATE SUPPORT FOR EXPORT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AS AN ELEMENT OF THE INTEGRATION POLICY OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
Authors: Aksenov Ilia A.
Published: October 2021

Background. The participation of emerging market economies and developing countries in global agri-food markets is becoming more active: their exports already exceed a third of the global volume. Purpose. It consists in studying the experience and identifying the most common and significant trends associated with the field of agricultural exports in the Eurasian Economic Union. Materials and methods. The research information base includes the legal and regulatory framework: Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, Recommendation of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated December 22, 2015 No. 28 “On the coordination of sales and marketing policies of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union in relation to the export of agricultural products and foodstuffs”, Recommendation of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated December 13, 2016 No. 30 “On coordinated actions of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union in the development of the export potential of agricultural products and food”; Declaration on the establishment of ASEAN and empirical: statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Eurasian Economic Commission, ASEAN, the World Trade Center. In this work, dialectical, systemic, logical, comparative research methods were used. Results. The level of development of support systems for the agro-industrial sector in each specific state of the EAEU is very different from each other. The main differences include the number of support institutions, their nature, competencies and powers. Conclusion. The goals of the single integration policy of the EAEU in the field of agriculture are diverse. The most important of them include support for agricultural producers, creating conditions for healthy competition, increasing production and export volumes.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRENDS AND STRUCTURE OF COVID-19 PATIENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KHAKASIA IN 2020
Authors: Shtygasheva Olga V. , Ageeva Elizaveta S. , Pronykina Kseniya V. , Puzakova Zinaida Yu.
Published: October 2021

Background. In March 2020, the number of COVID-19 cases in the world increased 13 times, and the number of countries affected by the virus tripled. During the year, all countries of the world were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, but the epidemic process has population characteristics.

Purpose. To estimate the morbidity and mortality rates of patients with COVID-19 in the Republic of Khakassia, the structure of patients by sex and age infected with SARS-CoV-2 for 2020

Materials and methods. The incidence and mortality rates of the general population of patients with COVID-19 for 2020 in the republic has been analysed. For statistical processing of the results obtained, the Statistica 8.0 software package was used.

Results. The number of registered cases of COVID-19 in 2020 in the Republic of Khakassia was 17552. There are two conditional growth intervals in the number of infected people in March-August (first wave) and in September-December (second wave). During the 1st wave, the incidence rate increased from 0.2 to 180.4 per 100 thousand of the population. In December, the incidence exceeded the same indicator in Russia by 1.8 times (2646.1 per 100 thousand population). There were three peak values of the mortality rate: in April – 3.1%, in July – 1.8%, in December – 2.4%. The proportion of deaths increases with age. The highest mortality rate is recorded at the age of 50 years and older: the proportion of deaths in this group is 3.7 times higher than at the age of 50-59, 10.6 times more than in the group of 40-49 years and 74 times more than in the young age group (under 40 years old). Among the patients of Khakassia, the ratio between men and women was 0.99: 1.0.

Conclusion. The study of the clinical and epidemiological features of the disease continues and is a priority in the development of world health.
Developing Primary Students’ Understanding of Mathematics through Mathematization: A Case of Teaching the Multiplication of Two Natural Numbers
Authors: Duyen Nguyen Thi Hong , Loc Nguyen Phu
Published: October 2021

Numeracy is one of the essential competencies that the objectives of teaching math to primary students should be towards. However, many research findings show that the problem of “innumeracy” frequently exists at primary schools. That means children still do not feel at home in the world of numbers and operations. Therefore, the paper aims to apply the realistic mathematics education (RME) approach to tackling the problem of innumeracy, in the case of teaching the multiplication of two natural numbers to primary students. We conducted a pedagogical experiment with 46 grade 2 students who have not studied the multiplication yet. The pedagogical experiment lasted in six lessons, included seven activities and nine worksheets which are designed according to fundamental principles of RME by researchers. This is mainly a qualitative study. Based on data obtained from classroom observations and students’ response on worksheets, under the perspective of RME, the article pointed out how mathematization processes took place throughout students' activities, their attitudes towards math learning, and their learning outcomes. The study results found that students were more interested in math learning and understood the concepts of multiplication of two natural numbers.
The Development of Interactive E-Book of Local History for Senior High School in Improving Local Wisdom and Digital Literacy
Authors: Saripudin Didin , Fauzi Wildan Insan , Nugraha Eki
Published: October 2021

This study discusses students’ responses and perceptions on the e-book of Local History of West Java (Indonesia) developed by the researchers. It uses a Research and Development approach and experimental method. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interviews, and focus group discussions with interactive model data analysis. The research subjects were students and teachers of high schools in West Java. They were taken as the subjects as they can represent the region. The History E-book is, however, published on ebooksejarah.id page while the system was developed by using SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) Waterfall model. The results of the study indicate that the components of the e-book on the aspects of the materials, presentation, and completeness are overall suitable to be used by students. The materials are considered to be still inapplicable and not contextual. Further, they are still lack of latest issues as well as photos/illustrations. The study of student responses on the e-book reinforces that the zoomers (those belong to Generation Z) prefer to digital learning media because their social life belongs to the online world. Local history e-books should better adapt to the learning style of Generation Z, who prefer visuals and hands-on experiences to reading texts. Thus, e-book development needs to be equipped with various learning media in short audios and video explainers, animations, and infographics.
p53, p21, and cyclin d1 protein expression patterns in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Jassim Marwa Mohammed Ali , Rasool Khetam Habeeb , Mahmood Majid Mohammed
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: The mutation in the wild-type tumor suppressor gene p53 is the most common genetic change in human tumors. In addition, the normal function of p21, which is both antiproliferative and an inhibitor of the cell cycle, is disrupted in some types of cancer. Meanwhile, cyclin D1 is a member of the cyclin protein family that is involved in regulating cell cycle progression. This study aimed to assess the expressions of the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p21, cyclin D1, and tumor suppressor gene p53, as well as their influence on the expressed histopathological changes in breast cancer tissues.

Materials and Methods: Overall, 40 breast tissue specimens were investigated in this study, 30 of which were cancerous, while 10 were healthy tissues. p53, p21, and cyclin D1 expression patterns were detected using an immunohistochemistry (IHC) system.

Results: The IHC reactions for p53 were positively observed in 27/30 (90%) cancerous tissues, compared with 2/10 (20%) normal breast tissues. For p21, reactions were observed in 28/30 (93.33%) cancerous tissues and 3/10 (30%) control tissues. For cyclin D1, reactions were observed in 25/30 (83.33%) cancerous tissues and 1/10 (10%) control tissues. The differences between the breast cancer tissues and the control tissues were statistically highly significant (p<0.01).

Conclusion: The high expression rates of p21, cyclin D1, and p53 in malignant breast cancer cells with little or no regulatory role might imply mutational events in these proteins operating in concert with a variety of other genetic mutations in these tissues, which may play a molecular role in the development and/or progression of breast carcinogenesis.
ASSESSING FISHERY LEGISLATION FOR GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWERMENT IN FISHERY COMMUNITIES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Purwanti Ani , Wijaningsih Dyah , Mahfud Muh.  Afif , Setiawan Fajar Ahmad
Published: October 2021

The research objective was to analyze the problem of fisherwomen empowerment and gender equality based on legal reviews in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal studies. The results of the study found that there are discriminatory implications in Law Number 7 of 2016 concerning the Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen, Fish Farmers, and Salt Farmers or commonly referred to as the PEF Act (Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen) which is not in line with the empowerment of fisherwomen and is in conflict with gender equality. The findings make it clear that fisherwomen, unlike other economic actors in the fishing industry, are the most overlooked group rooted in socio-cultural prejudice. The PEF Act does not specifically recognize or even mandate any form of affirmative action for fisherwomen to gain equal access to protection and empowerment programs. This causes fisherwomen who have been culturally forcibly placed in households and away from the fishing industry. But instead, the PEF Act dwarfed the position of women as a mere secondary role in fishery households instead of the main breadwinner. Therefore, this study suggests that the government should make a strict amendment to the PEF Act. Namely recognizing gender equality in the role of fisherwomen and followed by reforming gender mainstreaming in the fisheries bureaucracy to accommodate fisherwomen's rights to access community empowerment programs for fishing communities.
KNOWING COMPANY SECRETS THROUGH EMPLOYEE POSTS ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Johan Suwinto
Published: October 2021

In today's digital era, many young employees like to upload their activities every day. Uploads in the form of activities, feelings to the outpour of the heart. Company activities include meeting activities, company announcements, to computer screens that display reports that are being made. In addition to company activities, employees also like to upload complaints about work, colleagues, superiors, companies, business partners to customers. There are also employees wearing company uniforms but uploading an activity that does not represent the company but is personal. These posts may leak company secrets or defame the company and coworkers. These posts create legal events. This research uses normative judicial. This study aims to determine whether uploads of company activities or uploads regarding company information can be subject to applicable legal sanctions? This study concludes that uploads that offend personally can be subject to sanctions if any offended party makes a report. Employees upload company secrets, trade secrets, or material company information. Companies can impose sanctions in the form of warning letters to termination of employment. The company's relationship with employees is based on work agreements and company regulations.
SAFEGUARD RE-INVESTIGATION BY MADAGASCAR GOVERNMENT ON PASTA PRODUCTS FROM INDONESIA BASED ON GATT/WTO FRAMEWORK
Authors: Hutagaol Tirza Gracia Shekinah , Priyono FX. Joko , Trihastuti Nanik
Published: October 2021

Due to the increase of import in the last 4 years, Madagascar investigated imported pastain October 2018, terminated it on July 10, 2019, and reinvestigated it on July 18, 2019. They were followed with Provisional Safeguard Measures(PSM). This study aimed to know whether Madagascar had been fulfilling the elements of Article XIX GATT in the preliminary determination of investigation and whether a safeguard reinvestigation is in accordance with the GATT/WTO. Researchers used a juridical normative approach. The result showed that serious injuries and causal links from Article XIX GATT were undetermined in the preliminary determination. Neither the GATT nor Agreement on Safeguard (SA) were not regulating safeguard reinvestigation, so it can proceed but without PSM in the second investigation, because it violated the provisions of Article 6 SA.Madagascar shall immediately completing the elements that had not been determined and revoke the PSM in the second investigation.
INTERPRETATION OF OPEN LEGAL POLICY BY THE CONSTITUTIONAL JUDGES IN JUDICIAL REVIEW OF PARLIAMENTARY THRESHOLDS
Authors: Al-Fatih Sholahuddin
Published: October 2021

This study attempted to discuss the interpretation of open legal policy by constitutional judges in terms of reviewing legislation related to the legal norms of parliamentary thresholds. Through conceptual and statutory approaches, this study tries to examine the ways or models of interpretation conducted by constitutional judges. This research uses Aharon Barak's thinking on the concept of legal interpretation a benchmark and an analytical tool. The results of this study show that the interpretation conducted by the constitutional judge relating to a norm that is considered an open legal policy is appropriate. This research is expected to help academics and legal practitioners, especially with regard to election law to be able to dig deeper into models of legal interpretation, not only based on the idea of Aharon Barak but also by other thinkers or experts.
On reducible non-Weierstrass semigroups
Authors: García-García Juan Ignacio , Marín-Aragón Daniel , Torres Fernando , Vigneron-Tenorio Alberto
Published: October 2021

Weierstrass semigroups are well known along the literature. We present a new family of non-Weierstrass semigroups which can be written as an intersection of Weierstrass semigroups. In addition, we provide methods for computing non-Weierstrass semigroups with genus as large as desired.
Możliwości zastosowania błonnika pokarmowego do produkcji żywności funkcjonalnej
Authors: Godula Krzysztof , Czerniejewska-Surma Barbara , Dmytrów Izabela , Plust Dominika , Surma Orina
Published: October 2021

Dynamizacja przemysłu spożywczego w zakresie projektowania nowej lub wzbogaconej żywności i poszerzania asortymentu produktów na rynku jest elementem rywalizacji zarówno pomiędzy branżami przemysłu spożywczego, jak i poszczególnymi producentami. Producenci dążą do zaoferowania konsumentom jak najszerszej gamy produktów korzystnych pod względem wartości odżywczej, właściwości prozdrowotnych i funkcjonalnych, o przedłużonym terminie przydatności do spożycia, a także atrakcyjnych cenowo. Taka strategia rynkowa pozwala zdobyć przewagę konkurencyjną, jak również promować stosowanie najnowszych rozwiązań technologicznych. Wzrost zainteresowania i świadomości konsumentów w zakresie prawidłowego żywienia spowodował rozszerzenie wymagań dotyczących jakości, w tym wartości odżywczej żywności. Wiąże się to z koniecznością zmian w procesach produkcji, co w efekcie ma usatysfakcjonować jak największą liczbę konsumentów. Błonnik pokarmowy jest przykładem składnika wzbogacającego środki spożywcze, który w ostatnim czasie jest przedmiotem wzmożonego zainteresowania zarówno ze strony producentów, jak i konsumentów, którzy uznają go przede wszystkim za prozdrowotny składnik żywności. W ubiegłym wieku stosowanie dodatku błonnika pokarmowego do żywności bardzo często wiązało się z powstawaniem niekorzystnej tekstury produktu. Obecnie produkowane są nowoczesne preparaty błonnikowe, które korzystnie wpływają na teksturę, właściwości funkcjonalne oraz sensoryczne żywności i charakteryzują się takimi właściwościami, jak: wiązanie wody, zwiększanie objętości produktów, neutralny zapach oraz smak czy możliwość stosowania jako zamiennika tłuszczu. W pracy omówiono historię i podział żywności funkcjonalnej, definicję i podział błonnika pokarmowego oraz możliwości zastosowania tego składnika w projektowaniu i wzbogacaniu produktów żywnościowych.
Wybrane metody wyróżniania produktów spożywczych na rynku
Authors: Haska Aleksandra , Martyniuk Elżbieta
Published: October 2021

Podczas zakupu żywności konsumenci biorą pod uwagę cechy, na podstawie których w sposób subiektywny oceniają, czy produkt spełni ich oczekiwania. Produkty muszą więc sygnalizować swoje właściwości, aby konsumenci mogli na ich podstawie dokonać wyboru i podjąć decyzję o zakupie. Dla wielu konsumentów najważniejszym kryterium wyboru jest jakość produktu. Można ją postrzegać w sposób obiektywny, jako zestaw cech mierzalnych produktu lub subiektywnie, jako zestaw cech określanych przez postawy i zachowania konsumentów. Jakość stanie się parametrem konkurencyjności dla producentów żywności tylko wtedy, gdy będą oni w stanie odwzorować oczekiwania konsumentów w specyficznych cechach produktu, a konsumenci będą w stanie zidentyfikować pożądane cechy oraz sposób, w jaki produkty są wytwarzane. Najskuteczniejszą metodą przekazywania informacji o żywności jest jej etykietowanie. Oprócz obowiązkowego etykietowania istnieje szereg opcjonalnych, nieobowiązkowych systemów ułatwiających konsumentom rozpoznawanie i przypisywanie konkretnych cech produktom spożywczym. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie różnych aspektów jakości żywności oraz systemów wyróżniania produktów spożywczych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem marki oraz certyfikatów jakości i pochodzenia. W pracy przedstawiono budowę i podział systemów certyfikacji oraz dokonano analizy i oceny percepcji systemów certyfikacji przez konsumentów i przedsiębiorców. Omówiono przykłady dodatkowych form promocji produktów żywnościowych stosowanych przez producentów i sprzedawców, mających na celu zapoznanie konsumentów z produktami niszowymi o wysokiej jakości.
Metoda PCR w ocenie zafałszowań składu surowcowego produktów mięsnych ze strusia (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Sawicki Wojciech , Żych Arkadiusz
Published: October 2021

Poprawne znakowanie mięsa pozwalające konsumentowi świadomie wybrać jego rodzaj jest istotne z wielu względów – od zdrowotnych po religijne. Ponadto ze względu na różnice cen i dostępność surowców mięsnych pochodzących z różnych gatunków zwierząt zdarzają się przypadki fałszowania żywności. Składniki wyrobów mięsnych są wykorzystywane nieadekwatnie do informacji podanej na etykiecie. Niezgodności dotyczą zarówno użytych surowców, jak i ich zawartości w produkcie mięsnym. Mięso o wysokiej jakości zastępuje się tańszym lub jego zawartość jest mniejsza od deklarowanej. Choć obowiązują przepisy dotyczące znakowania przetworzonych produktów mięsnych, zdarzają się przypadki występowania na rynku wyrobów mięsnych zafałszowanych. W niniejszych badaniach podjęto się opracowania procedury weryfikacji autentyczności wyrobów z mięsa strusia czerwonoskórego (Struthio camelus). Zaproponowano metodę wykorzystującą technikę real-time PCR. Jak wykazano, DNA jest wystarczająco stabilne, aby wytrzymać zróżnicowaną obróbkę technologiczną. Badania prowadzono z użyciem wyrobów modelowych oraz wyrobów mięsnych (kiełbas, steków, mięsa gulaszowego) zakupionych w handlu detalicznym. Próbki były analizowane pod względem obecności niedeklarowanych gatunków mięsa (wieprzowiny, wołowiny, mięsa z kurcząt, kaczek i gęsi) z wykorzystaniem gatunkowo specyficznych starterów. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników wykazano, że opracowana procedura identyfikacji mięsa strusia może być z powodzeniem stosowana w rutynowych kontrolach, zarówno jakościowych (wykluczenie danego gatunku), jak i ilościowych (oznaczenie udziału mięsa strusia) w tego typu żywności. Wykazano ponadto, że w wyrobach przetworzonych może występować problem niedeklarowanego dodatku mięsa innego niż wskazane na etykiecie.
Wpływ żywienia kurcząt brojlerów paszą z dodatkiem nasion lnu i bez ich udziału na wybrane wyróżniki jakości mięsa i tłuszczu
Authors: Makała Halina
Published: October 2021

Celem pracy była ocena wpływu żywienia kurcząt brojlerów paszą bez dodatku nasion lnu i z ich udziałem na wybrane wyróżniki jakości mięsa i tłuszczu drobiowego. Materiał doświadczalny stanowiły kurczęta brojlery Ross 308. Kurczęta zostały losowo podzielone na dwie grupy. Jedna była żywiona paszą bez dodatku ześrutowanych nasion lnu, a druga – z ich udziałem. Ocena surowca drobiowego obejmowała: uzyski masy ciała badanych kurcząt w grupie kontrolnej i doświadczalnej po zakończeniu odchowu, analizę rzeźną, wartości pH mięśni udowych i piersiowych, charakterystykę wyróżników barwy mięśni piersiowych i udowych kurcząt w systemie CIE L*a*b*, oznaczenie zawartości podstawowych składników chemicznych, takich jak: woda, białka, tłuszcze, związki mineralne w postaci popiołu i kolagen, ocenę wartości żywieniowej na podstawie profilu lipidowego mięśni piersiowych i udowych oraz skór, tłuszczu podskórnego i sadełkowego. W wyniku przeprowadzonych doświadczeń stwierdzono, że nasiona lnu stosowane w żywieniu kurcząt brojlerów nie miały wpływu w zwiększenie przyrostu masy ciała, masy mięśni piersiowych i udowych w tuszce. Zaobserwowano wpływ żywienia nasionami lnu na wzrost zawartości białka i zmniejszenie zawartości tłuszczu w mięśniach piersiowych i udowych. Stwierdzono korzystny wpływ zastosowania w żywieniu kurcząt brojlerów paszy zawierającej ześrutowane nasiona lnu na wartość żywieniową surowca i poprawę profilu lipidowego, szczególnie proporcje z dwukrotnie korzystniejszym wskaźnikiem PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3 oraz na większą zawartość KT z grupy PUFA n-3. Mięso z kurcząt wzbogacone w kwasy tłuszczowe z rodziny n-3 może być polecane jako źródło wzbogacające dietę ludzi w te kwasy, czyli jako żywność funkcjonalną.
Wpływ wieku niosek i warunków przechowywania na jakość jaj kur rasy czubatka polska
Authors: Gumułka Małgorzata , Andres Krzysztof , Krawczyk Józefa , Calik Jolanta , Węsierska Ewelina , Niemczyńska Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

Celem pracy była ocena wpływu wieku niosek i warunków przechowywania jaj na wybrane cechy fizyczne, fizykochemiczne oraz parametry mikrobiologiczne jaj kur rasy czubatka polska. Ptaki utrzymywano na ściółce z dostępem do wybiegu. W żywieniu stosowano ad libitum standardową mieszankę dla niosek. Jaja do analiz pobrano w 33., 43. i 55. tygodniu życia niosek i podzielono na 3 grupy. Grupę I stanowiły jaja poddane ocenie w drugim dniu po zniesieniu. Grupy II oraz III stanowiły jaja przechowywane przez 28 dni, odpowiednio w warunkach chłodniczych, w temp. 4 - 5 ºC i RH 50 - 60 % oraz w temp. 14 - 16 ºC i RH 45 - 55 %. Największe różnice wartości parametrów wskazujących na postęp procesu starzenia jaj (zwiększenie masy żółtka, zmniejszenie wartości jednostek Haugha, masy i wysokości białka, alkalizacja białka i żółtka) zaobserwowano pomiędzy grupami I oraz III. Migracja wody do żółtka oraz zmniejszenie masy jaj na skutek jej sukcesywnego odparowywania wpłynęły na wzrost udziału białka, tłuszczu, związków mineralnych w postaci popiołu, chlorków oraz aktywność wody i barwę żółtka. Odporność skorup na zgniecenie była uzależniona od wieku niosek. Najlepszymi parametrami charakteryzowały się skorupy młodych niosek. Żółtka ptaków 55-tygodniowych charakteryzowały się mniejszym udziałem barwy żółtej oraz mniejszym jej nasyceniem niż te pozyskane od ptaków 33- oraz 43-tygodniowych. W treści jaj, wszystkich grup wiekowych niosek, nie wykryto obecności patogennych pałeczek jelitowych oraz gronkowców koagulazo-dodatnich, w tym Staphylococcus aureus, co wskazuje na prawidłowy przebieg czynności hodowlano-technologicznych oraz utrzymanie naturalnych barier chroniących treść jaj w okresie przechowywania w analizowanych warunkach termicznych.
Wpływ jakościowych determinant produktów mleczarskich na wybór dyskontów jako miejsca ich zakupu przez młodych nabywców
Authors: Angowski Marek , Kijek Tomasz , Skrzypek Adam
Published: October 2021

Przemiany zachodzące w sektorze handlowym powodują, że współczesny rynek produktów żywnościowych charakteryzuje się dużą zmiennością i nieprzewidywalnością. Znajomość i zrozumienie czynników kształtujących wybór produktów i miejsc ich zakupu przez nabywców jest ważnym elementem kreowania strategii konkurencyjnej podmiotów działających na danym rynku W Polsce obserwowany jest rozwój sieci dyskontowych. Do niedawna polskich nabywców zachęcały do sklepów dyskontowych przede wszystkim niskie ceny, jednak z czasem rosnące wymagania klientów tych sklepów stały się głównym czynnikiem rozwoju nowych modeli sprzedaży w dyskontach. Rozpoczęły one proces zmian koncepcji swoich formatów poprzez ulepszenie oferty towarów pod względem jakości. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu wybranych cech jakościowych produktów żywnościowych na decyzje nabywców związane z wyborem sklepów dyskontowych jako miejsca zakupu. Część badawczą opracowano na podstawie badań sondażowych, które zostały przeprowadzone w 2016 roku na grupie 358 młodych nabywców produktów mleczarskich, przy wykorzystaniu metody doboru celowego. W zbieraniu danych wykorzystano metodę CAWI wspomaganą metodą PAPI. W analizach statystycznych opisujących zachowania badanych nabywców zastosowano analizę czynnikową, a do modelowania decyzji konsumentów w zakresie wyboru miejsca zakupu (tj. sklepu dyskontowego) wykorzystano model probitowy. W przeprowadzonych badaniach potwierdzono kluczowe znaczenie cech jakościowych przy podejmowaniu decyzji zakupowych młodych nabywców produktów mleczarskich. Po przeanalizowaniu wpływu czynników jakościowych na wybór sklepu dyskontowego jako miejsca zakupu produktów mleczarskich stwierdzono, że najsilniejszy wpływ na decyzje młodych konsumentów miały cechy sensoryczne oraz zdrowotność produktów.