bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La presencia española en el norte de Sulawesi durante el siglo XVII. Estudio del asentamiento español en el norte de Sulawesi ante la oposición local y la amenaza holandesa (1606-1662)
Authors: Campo López Antonio C.
Published: May 2017

La soberanía española sobre las islas Molucas (1606-1662) dio lugar a un episodio poco conocido en la historia española, la presencia de soldados españoles en el norte de la actual isla de Sulawesi. La conquista de las Molucas en 1606 inició un período de frecuentes relaciones entre los españoles de las Molucas y las tribus de la cercana isla de Sulawesi. Durante varias décadas se firmarán alianzas y habrá una pequeña colonia española en el norte de Sulawesi. La lejanía del territorio y la escasez de recursos imposibilitarán la consolidación de una colonia española y antecederá la colonización holandesa de este territorio. No obstante, lejos de ser un episodio aislado, esta presencia española tuvo una continuidad temporal que hizo que durante casi siete décadas, soldados y religiosos españoles viajaran y residieran en este territorio tan alejado del centro de poder de Manila.
La Habana Bourbônica. Reforma ilustrada e escravidão em Havana (1763-1790)
Authors: Lopes dos Santos Ynaê
Published: May 2017

La eminencia del Tratado de París (1763) puso fin a una serie de cambios en la configuración del Atlántico mundial. La Guerra de los Siete Años había anunciado el protagonismo de las nuevas potencias del viejo continente, advirtiendo de la fragilidad de los dibujos de las posesiones europeas en América. Las transformaciones urbanas guiadas por los principios ilustrados eran herramientas usadas por la Corona española, mientras que la élite criolla de Cuba anhelaba más esclavos. El propósito de este artículo es analizar cómo fueron orquestados las reformas borbónicas y el aumento de la esclavitud urbana en La Habana entre los años de 1763 y 1790.

[pt] A eminência do Tratado de Paris (1763) coroou uma série de modificações na configuração do Mundo Atlântico. A Guerra dos Sete Anos havia anunciado a proeminência de novas potências do Velho Continente, alertando para a fragilidade do desenho das possessões europeias na América. Transformações urbanas pautadas nos princípios ilustrados foram ferramentas utilizadas pela Coroa espanhola, ao mesmo tempo em que a elite criolla de Cuba ansiava por mais escravos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como as reformas bourbônicas e o aumento da escravidão urbana foram orquestradas na cidade de Havana entre 1763 e 1790.
On the Effectiveness of Hybrid Canopy with Hoeffding Adaptive Naive Bayes Trees
Authors: Panda Mrutyunjaya
Published: May 2017

The Big Data, due to its complicated and diverse nature, poses a lot of challenges for extracting meaningful observations. This sought smart and efficient algorithms that can deal with computational complexity along with memory constraints out of their iterative behavior. This issue may be solved by using parallel computing techniques, where a single machine or a multiple machine can perform the work simultaneously, dividing the problem into sub problems and assigning some private memory to each sub problems. Clustering analysis are found to be useful in handling such a huge data in the recent past. Even though, there are many investigations in Big data analysis are on, still, to solve this issue, Canopy and K-Means++ clustering are used for processing the large-scale data in shorter amount of time with no memory constraints. In order to find the suitability of the approach, several data sets are considered ranging from small to very large ones having diverse filed of applications. The experimental results opine that the proposed approach is fast and accurate.
Control Dynamics and Simulation of Inclined Cart and Pendulum System
Authors: Kharola Ashwani , Patil Pravin P.
Published: May 2017

This paper applies various soft-computing control strategies for offline mode control of highly non-linear cart and pendulum system moving on an inclined surface. The surface is considered at inclination of 12° from horizontal. The study compares performance of four different control techniques namely Proportional-integral-derivative (PID), Fuzzy logic, Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and Neural networks for control of proposed system. A Matlab-Simulink model of system has been developed from mathematical equations derived using Newton's second law. The cart and pendulum system has been initially controlled using PID controllers and results were further used to train ANFIS and neural controllers. The ANFIS and fuzzy controllers were designed using three and nine gbell shape membership functions (MFs) respectively. The controllers were further compared in terms of settling time, overshoot and undershoot.
Enriching Agronomic Experiments with Data Provenance
Authors: Serra da Cruz Sergio Manuel , do Nascimento Jose Antonio Pires
Published: May 2017

Reproducibility is a major feature of Science. Even agronomic research of exemplary quality may have irreproducible empirical findings because of random or systematic error. The ability to reproduce agronomic experiments based on statistical data and legacy scripts are not easily achieved. We propose RFlow, a tool that aid researchers to manage, share, and enact the scientific experiments that encapsulate legacy R scripts. RFlow transparently captures provenance of scripts and endows experiments reproducibility. Unlike existing computational approaches, RFlow is non-intrusive, does not require users to change their working way, it wraps agronomic experiments in a scientific workflow system. Our computational experiments show that the tool can collect different types of provenance metadata of real experiments and enrich agronomic data with provenance metadata. This study shows the potential of RFlow to serve as the primary integration platform for legacy R scripts, with implications for other data- and compute-intensive agronomic projects.
Forest Fire Information System Using Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Devadevan V.  , Sankaranarayanan Suresh
Published: May 2017

Forest fire is the most common hazard which is a great threat to the ecosystem. Remote Sensing and GIS are widely used for forest fire detection. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging technology which is used to monitor environmental parameters towards alerting forest department officers for prevention or control. In this research, the authors developed Forest Fire Information System (FFIS) that provides interface to monitor, assess and analyze the forest fire data emanating from WSN which is a part of Intelligent Forest Fire Detection System. The information system also maintains necessary details of forest fire incidents that can be used for analysis and report generation. It also has a Decision Support System (DSS) integrated into it that can be used by forest officials for strategic planning. This has been developed using PHP and MySQL. This paper is an extension of research work carried about Intelligent Forest Fire Detection System using WSN.
Management Information Systems (MIS) in Cloud Computing
Authors: Singh Jashanpreet
Published: May 2017

The process of collecting information is worthless if it doesn't benefit the firm or serve any purpose. Management information systems(MIS) involve the use of set of protocols which are applied on data/information to generate intelligent business solutions. This study reviews the role of MIS in cloud computing and the impact it has globally. MIS products and cloud companies have been researched in detail. In this regard, some of the world's top cloud based service firms have been reviewed thoroughly, including their workforce resources. Additionally, new and upcoming MIS product details have been explored along with their launching dates. It is important to note that cloud services as old as 20 years have also been discussed in this review. Discussions have been made with reference to MIS need, problems and products to solve these problems. Currently, MIS along with cloud computing is unfolding vague patterns, inventing new ideas and ensuring business success. Since cloud computing is the future of internet, the paper provides insights to the future of cloud giants and impact of these globally.
Supplier Selection by Extended TOPSIS to Obtain the Ideal Compromise Solution in Group Decision Making
Authors: Azadfallah Mohammad
Published: May 2017

In the current literature, there are several studies, which the supplier selection is typically a Multi Criteria Group Decision Making problem. Several solutions for the above problem are proposed (from simple approaches; like, Borda, Condorcet, etc., to complex ones; like, Multiple Criteria Decision Making model combined with intuitionistic fuzzy set, etc.). To solve this problem, different method (particularly, extended TOPSIS method) are proposed in this paper. Firstly, we have used TOPSIS to find the individual preference ordering, then, we have used the extended version of this method to find the collective preference orderings. In addition, this model is capable of considering the expert weights. Finally, the proposed approach is compared with an existed approach (i.e., TOPSIS and Borda's function). Compared results show the advantage of our extended model over previous one.
A Comparative Evaluation of Mining Techniques to Detect Malicious Node in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Kaur Navjyot , Kaur Amandeep , Pushkarna Gaurav
Published: May 2017

Wireless sensor networks have gained attention over the last few years and have significant applications for example remote supervising and target watching. They can communicate with each other though wireless interface and configure a network. Wireless sensor networks are often deployed in an unfriendly location and most of time it works without human management; individual node may possibly be compromised by the adversary due to some constraints. In this manner, the security of a wireless sensor network is critical. This work will focus on evaluation of mining techniques that can be used to find malicious nodes. The detection mechanisms provide the accuracy of the classification using different algorithm to detect the malicious node. Pragmatically the detection accuracy of J48 is 99.17%, Random Forest is 80.83%, NF Tree is 81.67% and BF Tree is 72.33%. J48 have very high detection accuracy as compared with BF Tree, NF Tree Random Forest.
Performance Appraisal Approaches and Methods for IT/IS Projects
Authors: Silva António , Varajão João , Pereira José Luís , Pinto Carlos Sousa
Published: May 2017

In increasingly demanding environments, organizations need to manage their human resources effectively, as these are fundamental to their success. Therefore, it is important to improve the performance of these resources by conducting systematic evaluations and by collecting information on their productivity, training needs, and individual and team performance. In the context of Information Technologies/Information Systems (IT/IS) projects, there is not much research work focused on human resources performance evaluation. This paper aims to fill this gap by reviewing approaches and methods for performance appraisal, which can be successfully applied in IT/IS projects. Are presented approaches and methods focused on: personality; behaviors; comparison; and outcomes/results.
Gravizor
Authors: Bouramoul Abdelkrim
Published: May 2017

Users of Web search engines are generally confronted to numerous responses that are rarely structured, making it difficult to analyze the available results. Indeed, the linear results displayed through lists ordered according to a relevance criterion, although still widely used, seem often limitless. A solution to this problem is to improve the interfaces for better visualization of large number of results. In this paper, we propose modeling and implementation of a tool for graphical visualization and manipulation of results returned by search engines. The goal is to facilitate the analysis, the interpretation and the supervision of users' information needs. The architecture of the ‘Gravisor' tool is based on Multi-Agent paradigm. It is composed of four agents working in full cooperation and coordination. We hope that besides the web information retrieval field, the three graphical visualization modes offered by the ‘Gravisor' tool will be a promising alternative for better information visualization in other areas.
Developing Information Sharing Model Using Cloud Computing and Smart Devices for SMEs Supply Chain
Authors: Chan Chi-on , Liu Owen , Szeto Ricky
Published: May 2017

The mismatch between supply and demand always exists within the supply chain and among retail stores. This situation is even worse for SMEs who work without state-of-the-art technologies, especially in terms of quantitative demand and size distribution in fashion industry. In this paper, we develop a cloud computing and smart device (CCSD) model to address the stochastic deviation between supply and demand. A computational experiment proves that the performance of inventory management in the supply chain and among retail stores can be significantly improved by application of CCSD, irrespective of demand and size distribution. In this paper, we illustrate its benefits for both normal and right-skewed demand distribution. We find that different stages in supply chain can also be coordinated by using the CCSD platform. The results show that using all-channel communication network through CCSD increases the information sharing performance.
Fuzzy Multi-Objective Supplier Selection considering Production Requirements in Resilient Supply Chain
Authors: Katiraee Niloofar , Shirazi Babak , Fazlollahtabar Hamed
Published: May 2017

One of the substantial concerns in any large scale enterprises is the process of evaluating, selecting and improving suppliers due to the involvement of many uncontrollable and unavoidable factors. To address this issue in industry, suppliers are selected in the context of a resilient supply chain since it is one way to overcome disruptions. Selection of suppliers involves a variety of both qualitative and quantitative attributes. This research proposes the five main criteria of supplier selection which are chosen based on vulnerable areas and production requirements to develop flexibility in procuring material. In order to select appropriate suppliers for optimal order allocation the fuzzy multi-objective linear programming (FMOLP) is proposed which overcomes the vagueness of the information. Also to calculate the importance of each criterion fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is used. Finally, the practical usefulness of the proposed method is ascertained through a case study in steel industry.
Ovicidal, larvicidal, and behavioural effects of some plant essential oils on diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Sangha Jatinder S. , Astatkie Tess , Cutler G. Christopher
Published: May 2017

Alternatives to synthetic insecticides are desirable for management of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), an insect pest of global importance. Many essential oils derived from aromatic plants have demonstrated toxicity and behaviour altering effects on insect pests, and are considered low-risk alternatives to synthetic insecticides. We conducted laboratory experiments to determine the biological activity of several low-cost, commercially available essential oils against P. xylostella. Experiments testing ovicidal effects, larvicidal effects, larval feeding deterrence, and adult oviposition deterrence were done with essential oils derived from Artemisia abrotanum Linnaeus (Asteraceae), balsam fir (Abies balsamea Linnaeus (Pinaceae)), black pepper (Piper nigrum Linnaeus (Piperaceae)), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus polybractea (Baker) (Myrtaceae)), garlic (Allium sativum Linnaeus (Amaryllidaceae)), rosewood (a blend of different oil constituents), tansy (Tanacetum vulgare Linnaeus (Asteraceae)), and thyme (Thymus zygis Linnaeus (Lamiaceae)), using concentrations of 1, 2.5, and 5% v/v. Although all essential oils had some level of bioactivity against certain P. xylostella life stages, essential oils from garlic, rosewood, and thyme were most effective overall, demonstrating significant ovicidal and larvicidal activity, as well as deterrent effects on larval feeding and settling behaviour, and adult oviposition. Although variable phytotoxicity was observed with essential oils at 2.5% and 5% v/v concentrations, the results suggest that rosewood, garlic, and thyme essential oils have potential in management of P. xylostella.
Ground survey of red lechwe in the Linyanti swamps and Chobe floodplains, northern Botswana
Authors: Gadimang Phemelo , Masunga Gaseitsiwe S.
Published: May 2017

A ground survey of red lechwe was carried out in the Linyanti swamps and the Chobe floodplains of northern Botswana in the dry and wet seasons of 2012 and 2013, respectively. We documented numbers, sex ratio and age structure of red lechwe within the linear strips of 25 km × 300 m along the Linyanti swamps and the Chobe floodplains. Results indicated a significant difference in the numbers of red lechwe between sites and seasons. About 66 and 755 red lechwe were estimated for Chobe in the dry and wet season, respectively, with 343 and 261 of them estimated for Linyanti in the dry and wet season, respectively. In Chobe, the red lechwe densities varied widely between seasons (9 red lechwe/km2 – 101 red lechwe/km2 ) compared with Linyanti, where the densities did not vary much between seasons (35 red lechwe/km2 – 46 red lechwe/km2 ). The lower densities of red lechwe in Chobe in the dry season when compared with the wet season suggest a possible seasonal shift in the distribution of red lechwe to the nearby Zambezi floodplains in Namibia.Conservation implications: The higher number of red lechwe in the Chobe floodplains in the wet season indicates the potential of the floodplains as a habitat for this species in that season. The dry season shift in the distribution of red lechwe in Chobe presents an opportunity for local communities in Namibia to engage in tourism, whereas the return of the red lechwe to the floodplains in the wet season ensures protection of the animals as well as boosts the tourism potential of the Chobe National Park.
Non-bank financial institutions and economic growth: Evidence from Africa’s three largest economies
Authors: Rateiwa Ronald , Aziakpono Meshach J.
Published: May 2017

Background: In order for the post-2015 world development agenda – termed the sustainable development goals (SDGs) – to succeed, there is a pronounced need to ensure that available resources are used more effectively and additional financing is accessed from the private sector. Given that traditional bank lending has slowed down, the development of non-bank financing has become imperative. To this end, this article intends to empirically test the role of non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) in stimulating economic growth.Aim: The aim of this article is to empirically test the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and the development of NBFIs, and the causality thereof.Setting: The empirical assessment uses time-series data from Africa’s three largest economies, namely, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa, over the period 1971–2013.Methods: This article uses the Johansen cointegration and vector error correction model within a country-specific setting.Results: The results showed that the long-run relationship between NBFI development and economic growth is relatively stronger in Egypt and South Africa, than in Nigeria. Evidence in respect of Nigeria shows that such a relationship is weak. The nature of the relationship between NBFI development and economic growth in Egypt is positive and significant, and predominantly bidirectional. This suggests that a virtuous relationship between NBFIs and economic growth exists in Egypt. In South Africa, the relationship is positive and significant and predominantly runs from NBFI development to economic growth, implying a supply-leading phenomenon. In Nigeria, the results are weak and mixed.Conclusion: The study concludes that in countries with more developed financial systems, the role of NBFIs and their importance to the economic growth process are more pronounced. Thus, there is need for developing policies targeted at developing the NBFI sector, given their potential to contribute to economic growth.
Configurations of points on degenerate varieties and properness of moduli spaces
Authors: Abramovich Dan , Fantechi Barbara
Published: May 2017

We generalize Kim and Sato's construction of the relative configuration space

X_{D}^{[n]}

to the case where

X

is an algebraic stack; and construct an analogous projective moduli space

W_{\pi}^{[n]}

for a degeneration

\pi\colon W\to B

. We construct

X_{D}^{[n]}

and

W_{\pi}^{[n]}

and prove their properness using a universal construction of expanded degenerations and pairs introduced in our paper with Cadman and Wise. We use these spaces to re-prove the properness of Jun Li’s moduli of relative and degenerate stable maps, and generalize this properness result to the case of target stacks.
Example of minimizer of the average-distance problem with non closed set of corners
Authors: Lu Xin Yang
Published: May 2017

The average-distance problem, in the penalized formulation, involves minimizing

E_\mu^\lambda(\Sigma):=\int_{\mathbb R^d} \mathrm {inf}_{y\in\Sigma} |x-y|\mathrm d\mu(x)+\lambda\mathcal H^1(\Sigma),

among compact, connected sets

\Sigma

, where

\mathcal H^1

denotes the 1-Hausdorff measure,

d\geq 2

,

\mu

is a given measure and

\lambda

a given parameter. Regularity of minimizers is a delicate problem. It is known that even if

\mu

is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure,

C^1

regularity does not hold in general. An interesting question is whether the set of corners, i.e. points where

C^1

regularity does not hold, is closed. The aim of this paper is to provide an example of minimizer whose set of corners is not closed, with reference measure

\mu

absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure.
Staining Beverages and Cigarette Smoke on Composite Resin and Human Tooth Fluorescence by Direct Spectrometry
Authors: de Paiva Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo , da Silva Tânia Mara , da Silva Natália Yamachita , Gonçalves Lucélia Lemes , Alves Leandro Procópio , Fernandes Adjaci Uchoa
Published: May 2017

Introduction

This study evaluated the fluorescence intensity (FI) of different brands of composite resins (CRs) and compare those values with the FI of human tooth, under the action of cigarette smoke (CI), coffee (CA), and soft drink (CO), measured by direct spectrometry.

Materials and methods

A total of 30 specimens of each brand (Filtek Z350, Esthet-X, Amelogen, Durafill) were made. Others 30 tooth specimens (3 mm/diameter) were obtained from human molars using a trephine bur. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10), according to substances: CI, CA, CO. The FI was directly measured using an optic fiber associated with a spectrometer and was measured at baseline and after staining. Data were submitted to Kruskal–Wallis, Dunnett, and Dunn tests.

Results

Staining influenced FI mean values among CRs and between those with human tooth. Z showed the closest FI mean values of tooth after staining.

Conclusion

Staining beverages and cigarette smoke negatively influenced on FI of CR and human tooth.

Clinical significance

The study shows darkening treatments influenced on the fluorescent property of the dental tissues and restorative materials according to the direct spectrometry analysis.

How to cite this article

da Silva TM, da Silva NY, Gonçalves LL, Alves LP, Fernandes AU, Gonçalves SEP. Staining Beverages and Cigarette Smoke on Composite Resin and Human Tooth Fluorescence by Direct Spectrometry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):352-357.
Apical Periodontitis and Endodontic Treatment in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Comparative Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Alsomadi Leena
Published: May 2017

Aims

The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients compared with nondiabetic patients and to examine the effect of glycemic control on the prevalence of AP.

Materials and methods

Radiographs of a group of DM patients were compared with those of a matched nondiabetic group to identify AP. The diabetic group was subdivided according to the level of glycemic control into two subgroups: A well-controlled DM and a poorly controlled DM. The periapical index score was used to assess the periapical status. All groups were compared in regard to the presence of AP lesions, the number of endodontically treated teeth (ET), and the percentage of failure of endodontically treated teeth (AP/ET ratio). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0, Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used for all the analyses; p ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results

The prevalence of AP was higher in diabetic group than in the nondiabetic group (13.5 vs 11.9% respectively). Diabetic group had more teeth with endodontic treatment ET compared with nondiabetic group (4.18 vs 1.82% respectively); this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001) along with higher AP/ET ratio (27.7 vs 19.3 respectively). The poorly controlled DM group had a higher prevalence of AP lesions compared with the well-controlled DM group (18.29 vs 9.21 respectively). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001); they also had a higher percentage of ET (5.55 vs 3.13% respectively) and AP/ ET ratio (32.0 vs 21.8% respectively).

Conclusion

This survey demonstrates a higher prevalence of AP in DM patients compared with nondiabetic group, with an increased prevalence of persistent chronic AP. Compared with a well-controlled diabetic group, a poor glycemic control may be associated with a higher prevalence of AP and increased rate of endodontic failures.

Clinical significance

Counseling diabetic patients, particularly those with poor glycemic control, about the risk of failure of endodontic treatment can be part of planning management, which could include refereeing diabetic patients who need endodontic treatment for consultant care.

How to cite this article

Smadi L. Apical Periodontitis and Endodontic Treatment in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Comparative Cross-sectional Survey. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):358-362.
Orthopedic Effect of Chin Cup during Mixed Dentition Stage
Authors: Hashem Mohamed I , Ahmad Zeeshan H , Anil Sukumaran , Alanazi Khalid J
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Chin cup (CC) therapy has been used as the traditional appliance for treating class III malocclusion during mixed dentition period. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CC on the improvement of skeletal and dentoalveolar skeletal changes in class III patients during mixed dentition stage.

Materials and methods

A total of 30 patients (7–9 years old) with skeletal class III malocclusion were selected based on clinical and cephalometric examination. Out of 30 patients, 20 underwent CC therapy. All orthodontic records and measurements were taken before and after treatment. Similar records were collected from the control group. The lateral cephalometric films were traced before and after treatment and analyzed.

Results

There was a significant improvement in maxillary and the mandibular skeletal measurements after CC therapy. Improvement of ANB angle and an increase in Wits appraisal have been detected in the treated group according to intermaxillary skeletal variables.

Conclusion

The study concluded that the CC therapy is effective for correcting skeletal class III malocclusion along with positive changes in the dentoskeletal variables during the mixed dentition stage.

How to cite this article

Al-Khalifa HN, Hashem MI, Alanazi KJ, Anil S. Orthopedic Effect of Chin Cup during Mixed Dentition Stage. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):410-414.
Sensitivity study of cloud parameterizations with relative dispersion in CAM5.1: impacts on aerosol indirect effects
Authors: Xie Xiaoning , Zhang He , Liu Xiaodong , Peng Yiran , Liu Yangang
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Aerosol-induced increase of relative dispersion of cloud droplet size distribution ε exerts a warming effect and partly offsets the cooling of aerosol indirect radiative forcing (AIF) associated with increased droplet concentration by increasing the cloud droplet effective radius (Re) and enhancing the cloud-to-rain autoconversion rate (Au) (labeled as the dispersion effect), which can help reconcile global climate models (GCMs) with the satellite observations. However, the total dispersion effects on both Re and Au are not fully considered in most GCMs, especially in different versions of the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM). In order to accurately evaluate the dispersion effect on AIF, the new complete cloud parameterizations of Re and Au explicitly accounting for ε are implemented into the CAM version 5.1 (CAM5.1), and a suite of sensitivity experiments is conducted with different representations of ε reported in the literature. It is shown that the shortwave cloud radiative forcing is much better simulated with the new cloud parameterizations as compared to the standard scheme in CAM5.1, whereas the influences on longwave cloud radiative forcing and surface precipitation are minimal. Additionally, consideration of the dispersion effect can significantly reduce the changes induced by anthropogenic aerosols in the cloud-top effective radius and the liquid water path, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. The corresponding AIF with the dispersion effect considered can also be reduced substantially by a range of 0.10 to 0.21 W m−2 at the global scale and by a much bigger margin of 0.25 to 0.39 W m−2 for the Northern Hemisphere in comparison with that of fixed relative dispersion, mainly dependent on the change of relative dispersion and droplet concentrations (Δε∕ΔNc).
Three-dimensional evolution of Saharan dust transport towards Europe based on a 9-year EARLINET-optimized CALIPSO dataset
Authors: Marinou Eleni , Amiridis Vassilis , Binietoglou Ioannis , Tsikerdekis Athanasios , Solomos Stavros , Proestakis Emannouil , Konsta Dimitra , Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , Tsekeri Alexandra , Vlastou Georgia , Zanis Prodromos , Balis Dimitrios , Wandinger Ulla , Ansmann Albert
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In this study we use a new dust product developed using CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) observations and EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) measurements and methods to provide a 3-D multiyear analysis on the evolution of Saharan dust over North Africa and Europe. The product uses a CALIPSO L2 backscatter product corrected with a depolarization-based method to separate pure dust in external aerosol mixtures and a Saharan dust lidar ratio (LR) based on long-term EARLINET measurements to calculate the dust extinction profiles. The methodology is applied on a 9-year CALIPSO dataset (2007–2015) and the results are analyzed here to reveal for the first time the 3-D dust evolution and the seasonal patterns of dust over its transportation paths from the Sahara towards the Mediterranean and Continental Europe. During spring, the spatial distribution of dust shows a uniform pattern over the Sahara desert. The dust transport over the Mediterranean Sea results in mean dust optical depth (DOD) values up to 0.1. During summer, the dust activity is mostly shifted to the western part of the desert where mean DOD near the source is up to 0.6. Elevated dust plumes with mean extinction values between 10 and 75 Mm−1 are observed throughout the year at various heights between 2 and 6 km, extending up to latitudes of 40° N. Dust advection is identified even at latitudes of about 60° N, but this is due to rare events of episodic nature. Dust plumes of high DOD are also observed above the Balkans during the winter period and above northwest Europe during autumn at heights between 2 and 4 km, reaching mean extinction values up to 50 Mm−1. The dataset is considered unique with respect to its potential applications, including the evaluation of dust transport models and the estimation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) concentration profiles. Finally, the product can be used to study dust dynamics during transportation, since it is capable of revealing even fine dynamical features such as the particle uplifting and deposition on European mountainous ridges such as the Alps and Carpathian Mountains.
The regulation of coralline algal physiology, an in-situ study of Corallina officinalis (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Williamson Christopher James , Perkins Rupert , Voller Matthew , Yallop Marian Louise , Brodie Juliet
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Calcified macroalgae are critical components of marine ecosystems worldwide, but face considerable threat both from climate change (increasing water temperatures) and ocean acidification (decreasing ocean pH and carbonate saturation). It is thus fundamental to constrain the relationships between key abiotic stressors and the physiological processes that govern coralline algal growth and survival. Here we characterize the complex relationships between the abiotic environment of rock pool habitats, and the physiology of the geniculate red coralline alga, Corallina officinalis (Corallinales, Rhodophyta). Paired assessment of irradiance, water temperature and carbonate chemistry, with C. officinalis net production (NP), respiration (R) and net calcification (NG) was performed in a south-west UK field site, at multiple temporal scales (seasonal, diurnal and tidal). Strong seasonality was observed in NP and night-time R, with a Pmax of 22.35 μmol DIC gDW−1 h−1, Ek of 300 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and R of 3.29 μmol DIC gDW−1  Ek for the majority of the annual cycle. Over tidal emersion periods, dynamics in NP highlighted the ability of C. officinalis to acquire inorganic carbon despite significant fluctuations in carbonate chemistry. Across all data, NG was highly predictable (R2 = 0.80) by irradiance, water temperature and carbonate chemistry, providing a NGmax of 3.94  μmol CaCO3 gDW−1 h−1, and Ek of 113 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Light-NG showed strong seasonality and significant coupling to NP (R2 = 0.65), as opposed to rock pool water carbonate saturation. In contrast, the direction of dark-NG (dissolution vs. precipitation) was strongly related to carbonate saturation, mimicking abiotic precipitation dynamics. Data demonstrated that C. officinalis is adapted to both long-term (seasonal) and short-term (tidal) variability in environmental stressors, although the balance between metabolic processes and the external environment may be significantly impacted by future climate change.
Exploring precipitation pattern scaling methodologies and robustness among CMIP5 models
Authors: Kravitz Ben , Lynch Cary , Hartin Corinne , Bond-Lamberty Ben
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Pattern scaling is a well-established method for approximating modeled spatial distributions of changes in temperature by assuming a time-invariant pattern that scales with changes in global mean temperature. We compare two methods of pattern scaling for annual mean precipitation (regression and epoch difference) and evaluate which method is better in particular circumstances by quantifying their robustness to interpolation/extrapolation in time, inter-model variations, and inter-scenario variations. Both the regression and epoch-difference methods (the two most commonly used methods of pattern scaling) have good absolute performance in reconstructing the climate model output, measured as an area-weighted root mean square error. We decompose the precipitation response in the RCP8.5 scenario into a CO2 portion and a non-CO2 portion. Extrapolating RCP8.5 patterns to reconstruct precipitation change in the RCP2.6 scenario results in large errors due to violations of pattern scaling assumptions when this CO2-/non-CO2-forcing decomposition is applied. The methodologies discussed in this paper can help provide precipitation fields to be utilized in other models (including integrated assessment models or impacts assessment models) for a wide variety of scenarios of future climate change.
Multivariable Integrated Evaluation of Model Performance with the Vector Field Evaluation Diagram
Authors: Xu Zhongfeng , Han Ying , Fu Congbin
Published: May 2017

Abstract. This paper develops a multivariable integrated evaluation (MVIE) method to measure the overall performance of climate model in simulating multiple fields. The general idea of MVIE is to group various scalar fields into a vector field and compare the constructed vector field against the observed one using the vector field evaluation (VFE) diagram. The VFE diagram was devised based on the cosine relationship between three statistical quantities: root mean square length (RMSL) of a vector field, vector field similarity coefficient, and root mean square vector deviation (RMSVD). The three statistical quantities can reasonably represent the corresponding statistics between two multidimensional vector fields. Therefore, one can summarize the three statistics of multiple scalar fields using VFE diagram and facilitate the intercomparison of model performances. The VFE diagram can illustrate how much the overall root mean square deviation of various fields is attributable to the differences in the root mean square value and how much is due to the poor pattern similarity. The MVIE method can be flexibly applied to full fields (including both the mean and anomaly) or anomaly fields depending on the application. We also propose a multivariable integrated evaluation index (MIEI) which takes the amplitude and pattern similarity of multiple scalar fields into account. The MIEI is expected to provide a more accurate evaluation of model performance in simulating multiple fields. The MIEI, VFE diagram, and commonly used statistical metrics for individual variables constitute a hierarchical evaluation methodology, which can provide a more comprehensive evaluation on model performance.
Pairing FLUXNET Sites to Validate Model Representations of Land Use/Land Cover Change
Authors: Chen Liang , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Guo Zhichang , Schultz Natalie M.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Land surface energy and water fluxes play an important role in land-atmosphere interactions, especially for the climatic feedback effects driven by land use/land cover change (LULCC). These have long been documented in model-based studies, but the performance of land surface models in representing LULCC-induced responses has not been well investigated. In this study, measurements from proximate paired (open versus forest) flux tower sites are used to represent observed deforestation-induced changes in surface fluxes, which are compared with simulations from the Community Land Model (CLM) and the Noah Multi-Parameterization (Noah-MP) land model. Point-scale simulations suggest CLM can represent the observed diurnal and seasonal changes in net radiation (Rnet) and ground heat flux (G), but difficulties remain in the energy partitioning between latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat flux. CLM does not capture the observed decreased daytime LE, and overestimates the increased H during summer. These biases are mainly associated with deficiencies over forest land-cover types and the parameterization of soil evaporation. Global gridded simulations with CLM show uncertainties in the estimation of LE and H at the grid level for regional and global simulations. Noah-MP exhibits a similar ability to simulate the surface flux changes, but with larger biases in H, G, and Rnet change during late winter and early spring, which are related to a deficiency in estimating albedo. Differences in meteorological conditions between paired sites is not a factor in these results. Attention needs to be devoted to improving the representation of surface heat flux processes in land models to increase confidence in LULCC simulations.
Dealing with uncertainty in the probability of overtopping of a flood mitigation dam
Authors: Michailidi Eleni Maria , Bacchi Baldassare
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In recent years, copula multivariate functions were used to model, probabilistically, the most important variables of flood events: discharge peak, flood volume and duration. However, in most of the cases, the sampling uncertainty, from which small-sized samples suffer, is neglected. In this paper, considering a real reservoir controlled by a dam as a case study, we apply a structure-based approach to estimate the probability of reaching specific reservoir levels, taking into account the key components of an event (flood peak, volume, hydrograph shape) and of the reservoir (rating curve, volume–water depth relation). Additionally, we improve information about the peaks from historical data and reports through a Bayesian framework, allowing the incorporation of supplementary knowledge from different sources and its associated error. As it is seen here, the extra information can result in a very different inferred parameter set and consequently this is reflected as a strong variability of the reservoir level, associated with a given return period. Most importantly, the sampling uncertainty is accounted for in both cases (single-site and multi-site with historical information scenarios), and Monte Carlo confidence intervals for the maximum water level are calculated. It is shown that water levels of specific return periods in a lot of cases overlap, thus making risk assessment, without providing confidence intervals, deceiving.
Review article: Wave analysis methods for space plasma experiment
Authors: Narita Yasuhito
Published: May 2017

Abstract. A review of analysis methods is given on quasi-monochromatic waves, turbulent fluctuations, and wave–wave and wave–particle interactions for single-spacecraft data in situ in near-Earth space and interplanetary space, in particular using magnetic field and electric field data. Energy spectra for different components of the fluctuating fields, minimum variance analysis, propagation and polarization properties of electromagnetic waves, wave distribution function, helicity quantities, higher-order statistics, and detection methods for wave–particle interactions are explained.
Past Events, Current Teens, Future Skills: Producing Digital Oral History
Authors: Harhai Marilyn , Krueger Janice , Maccaferri James
Published: May 2017

Public libraries can use digital oral history projects (1) to teach digital literacy skills to teens in accordance with national and state information literacy standards and (2) to develop local digital collections. The technical standards for such projects are modest, and the Library of Congress Veterans History Project provides an ideal template with which to begin. This article highlights the benefits of using the Veterans History Project for library programs and events and summarizes how the Veterans History Project can be collaboratively implemented across libraries. Suggestions for curriculum-based program development for young adult users of public libraries are also outlined.
Leading Staff Development from the Bottom Up: Penn State Libraries In-Service Days
Authors: Snowman Ann MacKay
Published: May 2017

When Pennsylvania State University Libraries’ administration invited library staff to take leadership in planning an in-service day, what resulted was a rich training experience for both participants and planners, one that has become institutionalized. Now approaching its twelfth year, University Libraries’ Discovery Day continues to grow and develop. This author recounts the genesis and growth of the annual event and articulates the valuable outcomes of staff training and development.
Editors' Note: PaLRaP Seeks Submissions from All Types of Libraries
Authors: Reinsfelder Tom , Behler Anne
Published: May 2017

PaLRaP Seeks Submissions from All Types of Libraries
Table of Contents
Authors: Reinsfelder Tom
Published: May 2017

Table of Contents - Spring 2017
Trends in Total Hip Arthroplasty in Young Patients - Results from a Regional Register
Authors: Kumar Amit , Bloch Benjamin V. , Esler Colin
Published: May 2017

Introduction

In the United Kingdom, over 83,000 primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) were performed last year, of which 20% are in patients under the age of 60 years. These patients generally have a longer life expectancy and a higher activity level than an older cohort, which may potentially translate to higher revision rates.

Methods

We reviewed our Trent regional arthroplasty register to assess current surgical practice in younger patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. The results were compared to a previous study published in 2005.

Results

Between 2010 and 2012, 1,097 primary THAs were performed on patients aged 54 or less. There was an equal cohort of males to females with a mean age of 46 years of patients undergoing THA. Osteoarthritis was the commonest aetiology for patients having surgery. Reviewing the components used there were 32 different femoral and 30 different acetabular types along with 70 different combinations of components. There were 608 uncemented THAs, 313 hybrid THRs, 98 cemented THAs, 67 resurfacing arthroplasties and 11 reverse hybrid THAs.

Discussion

The majority of implants were uncemented in both femur and acetabulum with consultants performing most of the procedures. There is a clear preference for uncemented femoral and acetabular fixation in the younger patient, and the trend towards uncemented components has increased over the last 10 years amongst the same surgeons. There continues to be a wide variety of cup and stem usage along with many different combinations of components, with no consensus on the ideal combination.
The Role of Hemodialysis in Treatment of Acute Acetic Acid Poisonings
Authors: Chibishev Andon , Petkovska Lidija , Tozija Liljana , Zdravkovska Milka , Shikole Emilija
Published: May 2017

Introduction

The aim of this study is to show the importance of hemodialysis as an active method in treatment of acute acetic acid poisonings. Its main role is to support the renal function during the state of the intoxication when patients develop acute renal failure.

Methods

We analyzed data from a 10-year period, a total of 71 patients who ingested acetic acid, either intentionally or accidentally. Patients with a need of hemodialysis (HD) treatment underwent 3- to 4-hour HD sessions every day or every second day, according to clinical assessment, as needed, until recovery of kidney function.

Results

In the period between 2006 and 2015 at the university clinic for toxicology and urgent internal medicine, we hospitalized 6,106 patients with different kinds of intoxication, of which 1.162% ingested concentrated acetic acid; 47 patients were female and 24 were male. The minimal age of patients was 18 and the maximal 74 years. A total of 28 (39.43%) of the patients developed acute renal failure and in 10 patients (14.08%) we used hemodialysis as a part of the treatment. The maximum number of performed sessions in one patient was five and the minimal number of performed sessions in one patents was only one session. The use of heparin led to fatal bleeding in 4 patients. The mortality rate was 7% and most of the cases resulted in fatalities during the first 96 hours after ingestion.

Conclusions

Acetic acid poisonings are one of the most dangerous intoxications seen in clinical toxicology. The use of hemodialysis in some of the patients who develop acute renal failure can be of great importance and it should be put into official treatment protocols due to its great number of advantages in renal function support.