bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TabReformer: Unsupervised Representation Learning for Erroneous Data Detection
Authors: Nashaat Mona , Ghosh Aindrila , Miller James , Quader Shaikh
Published: May 2021

Error detection is a crucial preliminary phase in any data analytics pipeline. Existing error detection techniques typically target specific types of errors. Moreover, most of these detection models either require user-defined rules or ample hand-labeled training examples. Therefore, in this article, we present TabReformer, a model that learns bidirectional encoder representations for tabular data. The proposed model consists of two main phases. In the first phase, TabReformer follows encoder architecture with multiple self-attention layers to model the dependencies between cells and capture tuple-level representations. Also, the model utilizes a Gaussian Error Linear Unit activation function with the Masked Data Model objective to achieve deeper probabilistic understanding. In the second phase, the model parameters are fine-tuned for the task of erroneous data detection. The model applies a data augmentation module to generate more erroneous examples to represent the minority class. The experimental evaluation considers a wide range of databases with different types of errors and distributions. The empirical results show that our solution can enhance the recall values by 32.95% on average compared with state-of-the-art techniques while reducing the manual effort by up to 48.86%.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Based Evaluation of Chlorophyll a Reconstitution within Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membrane
Authors: Liustrovaitė Viktorija , Valiūnienė Aušra , Valinčius Gintaras , Ramanavičius Arūnas
Published: May 2021

This article reports electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based evaluation of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) reconstitution within tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM), formed on a gold surface by vesicle fusion. The self-assembled monolayer (SAM) consisting of a mixture of WC14 (20-tetradecyloxy-3,6,9,12,15,18,22-heptaoxahexatricontane-1-thiol) and β-mercaptoethanol (βME) mixed in a molar % ratio of 35:65 served as a molecular anchor for tBLMs. The fluorescence microscopy (FM) allowed direct observation of incorporation of Chl-a into membranes. The lipid composition consisting of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and cholesterol (Chol), was found to be highly compatible with the addition of Chl-a to the phospholipid membranes at different molar ratios. Moreover, the addition of Chl-a to DOPC yielding DOPC (50%)/Chol (40%)/Chl-a (10%) bilayers consistently decreased defect density in tBLMs, thus increasing dielectric integrity of the membranes. Also, we observed a significant structural stabilization of tBLMs subject to bias potential variation in experiments involving Chl-a containing bilayers.
Architectural Design of Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Application Based on a MoS2/CeO2 Heterostructure Synthesized by Facile Hydrothermal Technique
Authors: Chaudhary Nahid , Kumar Arun , Imtiyaz Suhaib , Khanuja Manika
Published: May 2021

The recent work is based on synthesis of MoS2/CeO2 heterostructure (2D/3D) as electrode material to display its outstanding supercapacitive performance. Herein, we present a two-step facile hydrothermal technique to produce MoS2/CeO2 heterostructure. The characterization tools such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy evidently confirm the co-existence of MoS2 and CeO2, while the Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images confirms the unique microstructures of MoS2/CeO2 heterostructure. The objective is to study the electrochemical properties of MoS2/CeO2 heterostructure with different electrolytes viz. Na2SO4 (neutral), H2SO4 (acidic) and NaOH (basic). Remarkably, MoS2/CeO2 heterostructure yield the highest electrical double layer capacitance of 166.6 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 in an aqueous 1 M NaOH basic electrolyte. The role of ions in NaOH as an electrolyte are explain on the basis of ionic conductivity and mobility to validate the maximum resultant specific capacitance. The ionic conductivity and mobility of all the electrolytes are well studied. Furthermore, the architectural design of 3D interconnected network of a 3D CeO2 nanocubes with 2D MoS2 nanosheets assists the electrochemical properties of heterostructure.
Effects of Traditional Chinese Medication‐Based Bioactive Compounds on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Liang Bo , Zhu Yong-Chun , Lu Jia , Gu Ning
Published: May 2021

The oxidative stress reaction is the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation in the body, resulting in excessive production of oxygen free radicals in the body that cannot be removed, leading to excessive oxidation of the body, and causing damage to cells and tissues. A large number of studies have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathological process of many diseases, so inhibiting oxidative stress, that is, antioxidation, is of great significance for the treatment of diseases. Studies have shown that many traditional Chinese medications contain antioxidant active bioactive compounds, but the mechanisms of those compounds are different and complicated. Therefore, by summarizing the literature on antioxidant activity of traditional Chinese medication‐based bioactive compounds in recent years, our review systematically elaborates the main antioxidant bioactive compounds contained in traditional Chinese medication and their mechanisms, so as to provide references for the subsequent research.
Chinese Personal Name Disambiguation Based on Clustering
Authors: Fan Chao , Li Yu
Published: May 2021

Personal name disambiguation is a significant issue in natural language processing, which is the basis for many tasks in automatic information processing. This research explores the Chinese personal name disambiguation based on clustering technique. Preprocessing is applied to transform raw corpus into standardized format at the beginning. And then, Chinese word segmentation, part‐of‐speech tagging, and named entity recognition are accomplished by lexical analysis. Furthermore, we make an effort to extract features that can better disambiguate Chinese personal names. Some rules for identifying target personal names are created to improve the experimental effect. Additionally, many calculation methods of feature weights are implemented such as bool weight, absolute frequency weight, tf‐idf weight, and entropy weight. As for clustering algorithm, an agglomerative hierarchical clustering is selected by comparison with other clustering methods. Finally, a labeling approach is employed to bring forward feature words that can represent each cluster. The experiment achieves a good result for five groups of Chinese personal names.
Induction of Humoral and Cellular Immunity by Intradermal Delivery of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Using Dissolvable Microneedles
Authors: Kuwentrai Chaiyaporn , Yu Jinming , Zhang Bao-zhong , Hu Ye-fan , Dou Ying , Gong Hua-rui , Huang Jian-Dong , Xu Chenjie
Published: May 2021

The nucleocapsid protein (NP) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contains immunogenic epitopes that can induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) against viral infection. This makes the nucleocapsid protein a suitable candidate for developing a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article reports the intradermal delivery of NP antigen using dissolvable microneedle skin patches that could induce both significant B cell and T cell responses.
Blow-Up of Solutions for a Class Quasilinear Wave Equation with Nonlinearity Variable Exponents
Authors: Tebba Zakia , Degaichia Hakima , Abdalla Mohamed , Cherif Bahri Belkacem , Mekawy Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

This work deals with the blow-up of solutions for a new class of quasilinear wave equation with variable exponent nonlinearities. To clarify more, we prove in the presence of dispersion term

−
Δ

u

t
t

a finite-time blow-up result for the solutions with negative initial energy and also for certain solutions with positive energy. Our results are extension of the recent work (Appl Anal. 2017; 96(9): 1509-1515).
Complex Alumina‐Ferrous Coagulant for Effective Wastewater Purification from Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Kuldeyev Erzhan I. , Tastanova Aysha E. , Bondarenko Igor V. , Temirova Saniya S. , Nurlybayev Ruslan E. , Botantayeva Bibigul S. , M. Zaihidee Fardila
Published: May 2021

The article provides an overview of studies on the causes of the formation of hydrogen sulfide in anaerobic conditions of urban sewage systems and methods for neutralizing toxic reagent sulfur‐containing compounds. It is noted that the presence of sulfur compounds and organic components in sewage flow leads to the formation and release of hydrogen sulfide into the atmosphere of settlements. Three main categories of methods for purifying sewage wastewater from hydrogen sulfide are presented. In this work, a complex alumina‐ferrous coagulant has been developed from Kazakh raw materials. Based on natural ferruginous diatomite and middlings of sintered alumina, a complex alumina‐ferrous coagulant has been synthesized, which is effective in purifying wastewater from hydrogen sulfide, accelerating the processes of sedimentation and clarification of sewage slurries. Experimental results also show that with the supply of increased amounts of coagulant, oil and oil films disappear from the surface of the cylinder, an almost complete purification of effluents from hydrogen sulfide compounds occurs, and the color of the liquid part is greatly reduced. In addition, the advantage of the developed reagent is that it is presented in the form of fine powder and can be easily dosed and added to a canalization pump station to interact with diluted hydrogen sulfide and be transported to sewage fields. Compared to other proposed methods in previous works, the reagent is suitable to be used directly in sewage systems such as sewage waters treatment plants and collectors to prevent hydrogen sulfide emission into the air atmosphere of populated areas, as well as at city sewage water treatment stations after air tanks and before secondary clarifiers to obtain better purified water suitable for watering agricultural plants.
A Combination of Geniposide and Chlorogenic Acid Combination Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice by Inhibiting Kupffer Cell Activation
Authors: Xin Xin , Jin Yue , Wang Xin , Cai Beiyu , An Ziming , Hu Yi-Yang , Feng Qin
Published: May 2021

The incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing worldwide. Activation of Kupffer cells (KCs) is central to the development of diet‐induced NASH. We investigated whether a combination of two active chemical components, geniposide and chlorogenic acid (GC), at a specific ratio (67 : 1), ameliorates diet‐induced NASH and the underlying mechanisms involved. C57BL/6J mice exposed to a high‐fat and high‐cholesterol (HFHC) diet containing cholesterol, choline, and high‐sugar drinking water, as well as RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were studied. The combination exerted a therapeutic effect on HFHC‐induced NASH in mice. Simultaneously, GC was found to reduce the expression of cytokines secreted by hepatic macrophages, including tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), IL‐1β, IL‐6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1), and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Moreover, GC reduced the number of KCs expressing F4/80. Furthermore, TNF‐α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), IL‐1β, and IL‐6 mRNA and TNF‐α protein expression levels were suppressed upon GC treatment in RAW264.7 cells. Our findings suggest that GC has a strong anti‐inflammatory effect in NASH, and this effect can be attributed to the suppression of KC activity in the liver.
Research on the Disease Intelligent Diagnosis Model Based on Linguistic Truth‐Valued Concept Lattice
Authors: Yang Li , Wang Yuhui , Li Haixia
Published: May 2021

Uncertainty natural language processing has always been a research focus in the artificial intelligence field. In this paper, we continue to study the linguistic truth‐valued concept lattice and apply it to the disease intelligent diagnosis by building an intelligent model to directly handle natural language. The theoretical bases of this model are the classical concept lattice and the lattice implication algebra with natural language. The model includes the case library formed by patients, attributes matching, and the matching degree calculation about the new patient. According to the characteristics of the patients, the disease attributes are firstly divided into intrinsic invariant attributes and extrinsic variable attributes. The calculation algorithm of the linguistic truth‐valued formal concepts and the constructing algorithm of the linguistic truth‐valued concept lattice based on the extrinsic attributes are proposed. And the disease bases of the different treatments for different patients with the same disease are established. Secondly, the matching algorithms of intrinsic attributes and extrinsic attributes are given, and all the linguistic truth‐valued formal concepts that match the new patient’s extrinsic attributes are found. Lastly, by comparing the similarity between the new patients and the matching formal concepts, we calculate the best treatment options to realize the intelligent diagnosis of the disease.
A Control and Posture Recognition Strategy for Upper‐Limb Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients
Authors: Yu Xian , Xiao Bo , Tian Ye , Wu Zihao , Liu Qi , Wang Jun , Sun Mingxu , Liu Xiaodong
Published: May 2021

At present, the study of upper‐limb posture recognition is still in the primary stage; due to the diversity of the objective environment and the complexity of the human body posture, the upper‐limb posture has no public dataset. In this paper, an upper extremity data acquisition system is designed, with a three‐channel data acquisition mode, collect acceleration signal, and gyroscope signal as sample data. The datasets were preprocessed with deweighting, interpolation, and feature extraction. With the goal of recognizing human posture, experiments with KNN, logistic regression, and random gradient descent algorithms were conducted. In order to verify the superiority of each algorithm, the data window was adjusted to compare the recognition speed, computation time, and accuracy of each classifier. For the problem of improving the accuracy of human posture recognition, a neural network model based on full connectivity is developed. In addition, this paper proposes a finite state machine‐ (FSM‐) based FES control model for controlling the upper limb to perform a range of functional tasks. In the process of constructing the network model, the effects of different hidden layers, activation functions, and optimizers on the recognition rate were experimental for the comparative analysis; the softplus activation function with better recognition performance and the adagrad optimizer are selected. Finally, by comparing the comprehensive recognition accuracy and time efficiency with other classification models, the fully connected neural network is verified in the human posture superiority in identification.
DGAT1 Expression Promotes Ovarian Cancer Progression and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis
Authors: Xia Leilei , Wang Ye , Cai Shengyun , Xu Mingjuan
Published: May 2021

Background. Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecological malignancy. Owing to its insidious onset, rapid development, and poor prognosis, ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of death in women. Although immunotherapy-related drugs, such as Olaparib, can alleviate ovarian cancer progression, there are no remarkable breakthroughs for its effective treatment. It is considered that the transformation of normal cells to cancerous ones involves “recoding” of certain metabolic pathways. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) can synthesize triglycerides by transferring acyl-CoA to diacylglycerol, which plays a key role in lipid synthesis. However, the role of DGAT1 in ovarian cancer is not yet elucidated. Materials and Methods. We analyzed the correlation between DGAT1 and ovarian cancer staging, grading, vascular invasion, and prognosis by collating the information of ovarian cancer specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Furthermore, the effects of DGAT1 expression on proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth were studied using ovarian cancer cell lines. GSEA was used to analyze the KEGG pathways and biological function enriched because of DGAT1 expression in ovarian cancer. Results. The expression of DGAT1 was elevated in advanced (

p
=
0.0432

), poorly differentiated (

p
=
0.0148

), and vascular invaded (

p
=
0.0002

) ovarian cancer specimens. Prognosis among patients with high expression of DGAT1 was poor. After DGAT1 expression was interfered, proliferation, migration, invasion, colony forming, and tumor growth of ovarian cancer cells were inhibited. In addition, GSEA showed that DGAT1 may be involved in the immune process. Conclusion. DGAT1 expression is associated with the clinical phenotype of ovarian cancer. We suggest that DGAT1 has potential implications in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Investigation of Corrosion Protection of Austenitic Stainless Steel in 5.5 M Polluted Phosphoric Acid Using 5-Azidomethyl-7-morpholinomethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline as an Ecofriendly Inhibitor
Authors: Mazkour Aimad , El Hajjaji Souad , Labjar Najoua , Lotfi El Mostapha , El Mahi Mohammed
Published: May 2021

The use of 5-azidomethyl-7-morpholinomethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (AMH) as a corrosion inhibitor for AISI 321 stainless steel in 5.5 M polluted phosphoric acid was investigated using the hydrogen evolution technique, linear polarization curves, and impedance spectroscopy. Impedance measurements revealed that the dissolution of AISI 321 in 5.5 M polluted phosphoric acid was controlled by an activation mechanism, unchanged even with the addition of AMH at different concentrations. Polarization results showed that the inhibition ability was enhanced with increasing inhibitor concentration. AMH acted as a mixed-type inhibitor by random adsorption on the alloy surface, whatever the nature of the reaction that is taking place. The adsorption of AMH on the AISI 321 surface was also discussed via the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The influence of elevating the solution temperature on the corrosion inhibition performance was studied. A quantum chemistry study with the DFT method was also conducted, which supplied a logical and exploitable theoretical explanation of the adsorption and the inhibition action of AMH on AISI 321.
Transfer Learning to Detect COVID-19 Automatically from X-Ray Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Taresh Mundher Mohammed , Zhu Ningbo , Ali Talal Ahmed Ali , Hameed Asaad Shakir , Mutar Modhi Lafta
Published: May 2021

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease that has caused thousands of deaths and infected millions worldwide. Thus, various technologies that allow for the fast detection of COVID-19 infections with high accuracy can offer healthcare professionals much-needed help. This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the state-of-the-art pretrained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on the automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 from chest X-rays (CXRs). The dataset used in the experiments consists of 1200 CXR images from individuals with COVID-19, 1345 CXR images from individuals with viral pneumonia, and 1341 CXR images from healthy individuals. In this paper, the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in the rapid and precise identification of COVID-19 from CXR images has been explored based on different pretrained deep learning algorithms and fine-tuned to maximise detection accuracy to identify the best algorithms. The results showed that deep learning with X-ray imaging is useful in collecting critical biological markers associated with COVID-19 infections. VGG16 and MobileNet obtained the highest accuracy of 98.28%. However, VGG16 outperformed all other models in COVID-19 detection with an accuracy, F1 score, precision, specificity, and sensitivity of 98.72%, 97.59%, 96.43%, 98.70%, and 98.78%, respectively. The outstanding performance of these pretrained models can significantly improve the speed and accuracy of COVID-19 diagnosis. However, a larger dataset of COVID-19 X-ray images is required for a more accurate and reliable identification of COVID-19 infections when using deep transfer learning. This would be extremely beneficial in this pandemic when the disease burden and the need for preventive measures are in conflict with the currently available resources.
Bioactive Compounds in Infant Formula and Their Effects on Infant Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Almeida Cristine Couto , Mendonça Pereira Bianca Figueiredo , Leandro Katia Christina , Costa Marion Pereira , Spisso Bernardete Ferraz , Conte-Junior Carlos Adam
Published: May 2021

Infant formulas are an alternative to replace or supplement human milk when breastfeeding is not possible. The knowledge of human milk’s bioactive compounds and their beneficial effects has attracted the interest of researchers in the field of infant nutrition, as well as researchers of technology and food sciences that seek to improve the nutritional characteristics of infant formulas. Several scientific studies evaluate the optimization of infant formula composition. The bioactive compound inclusion has been used to upgrade the quality and nutrition of infant formulas. In this context, the purpose of this systematic literature review is to assess the scientific evidence of bioactive compounds present in infant formulas (α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, taurine, milk fat globule membrane, folates, polyamines, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics, and probiotics) and their effects on infant nutrition and health. Through previously determined criteria, studies published in the last fifteen years from five different databases were included to identify the advances in the optimization of infant formula composition. Over the last few years, there has been optimization of the infant formula composition, not only to increase the similarities in their content of macro and micronutrients but also to include novel bioactive ingredients with potential health benefits for infants. Although the infant food industry has advanced in the last years, there is no consensus on whether novel bioactive ingredients added to infant formulas have the same functional effects as the compounds found in human milk. Thus, further studies about the impact of bioactive compounds in infant nutrition are fundamental to infant health.
Deep Learning-Based Arrhythmia Detection in Electrocardiograph
Authors: Meng Yang , Liang Guoxin , Yue Mei
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to explore the application of electrocardiograph (ECG) in the diagnosis of arrhythmia based on the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). ECG was classified and recognized with the DCNN. The specificity (Spe), sensitivity (Sen), accuracy (Acc), and area under curve (AUC) of the DCNN were evaluated in the Chinese Cardiovascular Disease Database (CCDD) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Beth Israel Hospital (MIT-BIH) arrhythmia database, respectively. The results showed that in the CCDD, the original model tested by the small sample set had an accuracy (Acc) of 82.78% and AUC of 0.882, while the Acc and AUC of the translated model were 85.69% and 0.893, respectively, so the difference was notable (

P

 < 0.05); the Acc of the original model and the translated model was 80.12% and 82.63%, respectively, in the large sample set, so the difference was obvious (

P

 < 0.05). In the MIT-BIH database, the Acc of normal (N) heart beat (HB) (99.38%) was higher than that of the atrial premature beat (APB) (87.45%) (

P

 < 0.05). In a word, applying the DCNN could improve the Acc of ECG for classification and recognition, so it could be well applied to ECG signal classification.
Interbank Offered Rate Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Xie Wangsong
Published: May 2021

Interbank offer rate is the interest rate at which banks lend money to each other in the money market. As a market-oriented core interest rate, Shibor can accurately and timely reflect the capital supply and demand relationship in the money market, and its changes will quickly transmit and affect China’s financial market. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to predict and study the fluctuation and trend of Shibor. In this paper, the overnight varieties of Shibor were studied and predicted from two time dimensions, namely, daily fluctuation and monthly trend. In the prediction of overnight Shibor daily data, a comparison prediction model based on BP neural network algorithm was first established, and then WNN was applied in the prediction, and the effect was found to be better. When predicting the monthly mean value of overnight Shibor, nine indicators were selected and tested for correlation based on the factors affecting the trend of interest rate, and a regression model of support vector machine was established. Particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to improve the SVR algorithm, and the PSO-SVR prediction model was established to improve the prediction accuracy. The model could basically predict the trend of overnight Shibor. Furthermore, a prediction model of WNN based on cuckoo search (CS) optimization was proposed, which improved the prediction accuracy by 78% and fitted the daily fluctuation of overnight Shibor well.
Efficient Byzantine Consensus Mechanism Based on Reputation in IoT Blockchain
Authors: Yuan Xu , Luo Fang , Haider Muhammad Zeeshan , Chen Zhikui , Li Yucheng
Published: May 2021

Blockchain technology has advanced rapidly in recent years and is now widely used in a variety of fields. Blockchain appears to be one of the best solutions for managing massive heterogeneous devices while achieving advanced data security and data reputation, particularly in the field of large‐scale IoT (Internet of Things) networks. Despite the numerous advantages, there are still challenges while deploying IoT applications on blockchain systems due to the limited storage, power, and computing capability of IoT devices, and some of these problems are caused by the consensus algorithm, which plays a significant role in blockchain systems by ensuring overall system reliability and robustness. Nonetheless, most existing consensus algorithms are prone to poor node reliability, low transaction per second (TPS) rates, and scalability issues. Aiming at some critical problems in the existing consensus algorithms, this paper proposes the Efficient Byzantine Reputation‐based Consensus (EBRC) mechanism to resolve the issues raised above. In comparison to traditional algorithms, we reinvented ways to evaluate node reliability and robustness and manage active nodes. Our experiments show that the EBRC algorithm has lower consensus delay, higher throughput, improved security, and lower verification costs. It offers new reference ideas for solving the Internet of Things+blockchain+Internet court construction problem.
AdaGUM: An Adaptive Graph Updating Model-Based Anomaly Detection Method for Edge Computing Environment
Authors: Yu Xiang , Shan Chun , Bian Jilong , Yang Xianfei , Chen Ying , Song Haifeng
Published: May 2021

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), massive sensor data are being generated by the sensors deployed everywhere at an unprecedented rate. As the number of Internet of Things devices is estimated to grow to 25 billion by 2021, when facing the explicit or implicit anomalies in the real-time sensor data collected from Internet of Things devices, it is necessary to develop an effective and efficient anomaly detection method for IoT devices. Recent advances in the edge computing have significant impacts on the solution of anomaly detection in IoT. In this study, an adaptive graph updating model is first presented, based on which a novel anomaly detection method for edge computing environment is then proposed. At the cloud center, the unknown patterns are classified by a deep leaning model, based on the classification results, the feature graphs are updated periodically, and the classification results are constantly transmitted to each edge node where a cache is employed to keep the newly emerging anomalies or normal patterns temporarily until the edge node receives a newly updated feature graph. Finally, a series of comparison experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed anomaly detection method for edge computing. And the results show that the proposed method can detect the anomalies in the real-time sensor data efficiently and accurately. More than that, the proposed method performs well when there exist newly emerging patterns, no matter they are anomalous or normal.
Experimental and Density Functional Theory Characteristics of Ibrutinib, a Bruton’s Kinase Inhibitor Approved for Leukemia Treatment
Authors: Ismail Ali I.
Published: May 2021

Ibrutinib, a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in the B-cell development and cancer cells, has been recently approved to treat chronic, lymphocytic, and other types of leukemia. This study focused on investigating ibrutinib by its electronic transitions, vibrational frequencies, and electrospray mass spectra. The experimental peaks for electronic spectrum were found at 248.0 and 281.0 nm, whereas the νC = 0 stretching frequency was found at 1652.4 and 1639.19 cm−1. These experimental properties were compared with the corresponding theoretical calculations in which density functional theory was applied. The optimized structure was obtained with the calculations using a hybrid function (B3LYP) and high-level basis sets [6-311G++(d,p)]. Most of the calculated vibrational frequencies showed a relatively good agreement with the experimental ones. The electronic transitions of ibrutinib calculated using time-dependent DFT method were performed at two different solvation methods: PCM and SMD. The mass spectrum of ibrutinib, its fragments, and its isotopic pattern agreed well with the expected spectra.
O problema do tempo na obra de arte: Releituras de Henri Focillon
Authors: Fonseca Lorenna
Published: May 2021

O intuito deste artigo é refletir sobre a questão do tempo na obra de arte para Henri Focillon, trazendo para o debate as diferentes interpretações críticas que o autor recebeu posteriormente. Para tanto, foram selecionados trechos de três historiadores da arte – Hans Belting, Germain Bazin e Jacques Thuillier – que apresentam suas distintas releituras sobre o pensamento de Focillon. A obra de arte foi expressa em um elo ativo com o tempo; ela seria um ato de liberdade e, da mesma maneira, poderia ser deliberada por outros eventos na História. O problema do tempo, em Focillon, por se evidenciar em um movimento paradoxal, foi recebido de modo divergente por parte de autores posteriores, não havendo um consenso interpretativo a seu respeito.
A judicialização de cirurgia bucomaxilofacial e o sistema de assistência à saúde dos servidores públicos de Pernambuco
Authors: Alcoforado Renato Ludmer Guedes , Almeida Adriana Conrado de , Porto Gabriela Granja , Silva Jackeline Carneiro da , Antunes Antonio Azoubel
Published: May 2021

A CF/88 foi pioneira ao dispor sobre o direito à saúde como direito fundamental e regular o sistema suplementar de saúde. Vários estados brasileiros criaram planos voltados exclusivamente para seus servidores; Pernambuco foi o pioneiro a concebê-los, através do Sistema de Assistência à Saúde dos Servidores do Estado de Pernambuco. Os avanços tecnológicos, o aumento da expectativa de vida (e a consequente perda dentária precoce) e os traumas provocaram aumento do uso de órteses, próteses e materiais especiais em procedimentos invasivos – proporcionando, dentre outros benefícios, a reparação estética. Porém, há entraves ao uso desses materiais, entre eles seu alto custo e a ausência de cobertura dos planos de saúde para procedimentos estéticos. Foram analisados os  processos judiciais envolvendo órteses, próteses e materiais especiais em cirurgia bucomaxilofacial contra o Sistema de Assistência dos  Servidores de Pernambuco, entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2017. O propósito foi defender que a indicação do material a ser utilizado  pelo cirurgião-dentista não pode ser considerada critério absoluto e que o Poder Judiciário não deve  acatar tal opinião sem questioná-la. Verificou-se a necessidade de franquear maior estrutura aos magistrados, com a criação de núcleos de assistência técnica em saúde e/ou investimentos nos já existentes, a fim de subsidiar os julgadores e assegurar uma maior eficiência na solução das demandas. A metodologia aplicada foi a do estudo transversal, baseado na análise de dados  quantitativos e qualitativos extraídos dos processos. Como variáveis, traçaram-se o perfil dos autores das  ações e os parâmetros adotados nas decisões judiciais.
Association of Health Insurance Payer Type and Outcomes After Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: An Analysis of the STS-INTERMACS Registry
Authors: Khatana Sameed Ahmed M. , Hanff Thomas C. , Nathan Ashwin S. , Dayoub Elias J. , Grandin E. Wilson , Rame J. Eduardo , Fanaroff Alexander C. , Giri Jay , Groeneveld Peter W.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Due to the high cost of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy, payer type may be an important factor in determining eligibility. How payer type influences outcomes after LVAD implantation is unclear. We, therefore, aimed to study the association of health insurance payer type with outcomes after durable LVAD implantation.

Methods:

Using STS-INTERMACS (Society of Thoracic Surgeons-Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support), we studied nonelderly adults receiving a durable LVAD from 2016 to 2018 and compared all-cause mortality and postindex hospitalization adverse event episode rate by payer type. Multivariable Fine-Gray and generalized linear models were used to compare the outcomes.

Results:

Of the 3251 patients included, 26.0% had Medicaid, 24.9% had Medicare alone, and 49.1% had commercial insurance. Compared with commercially insured patients, mortality did not differ for patients with Medicaid (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.75–1.34],
P
=0.99) or Medicare (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.84–1.41],
P
=0.52). Medicaid was associated with a significantly lower adjusted incidence rate (incidence rate ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.78–0.99],
P
=0.041), and Medicare was associated with a significantly higher adjusted incidence rate (incidence rate ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.03–1.30],
P
=0.011) of adverse event episodes compared with commercially insured patients.

Conclusions:

All-cause mortality after durable LVAD implantation did not differ significantly by payer type. Payer type was associated with the rate of adverse events, with Medicaid associated with a significantly lower rate, and Medicare with a significantly higher rate of adverse event episodes compared with commercially insured patients.
Association Between Angiotensin Receptor–Neprilysin Inhibition, Cardiovascular Biomarkers, and Cardiac Remodeling in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Murphy Sean P. , Prescott Margaret F. , Maisel Alan S. , Butler Javed , Piña Ileana L. , Felker G. Michael , Ward Jonathan H. , Williamson Kristin M. , Camacho Alexander , Kandanelly Ritvik R. , Solomon Scott D. , Januzzi James L.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) treatment is associated with reverse cardiac remodeling and reductions in biomarkers reflecting ventricular wall stress and myocardial injury, such as NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), hs-cTnT (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T), and soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2). How longitudinal changes in these biomarkers analyzed collectively are associated with cardiac remodeling in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction treated with S/V is uncertain.

Methods:

In a prospective study of S/V in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, this prespecified exploratory analysis included patients with serially collected biomarkers and echocardiographic measures of cardiac remodeling through 12 months of treatment. A multivariate latent growth curve model assessed associations between simultaneous changes in biomarkers and left ventricular ejection fraction and left atrial volume index.

Results:

Seven hundred fifteen out of 794 total study participants were included (mean age 65 years, 73% male). Mean baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and left atrial volume index were 29% and 40 mL/m
2
, respectively. Adjusted geometric mean baseline concentrations for biomarkers included NT-proBNP of 649 pg/mL, hs-cTnT of 15.9 ng/L, and sST2 of 24.7 ng/mL. Following initiation of S/V, circulating concentrations of NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, and sST2 significantly decreased within 30 days and remained significantly different than baseline at all subsequent timepoints. From baseline to month 12, decreases in adjusted biomarker concentrations averaged −27.9% (95% CI, −35.1% to −20.7%;
P
<0.001) for NT-proBNP; −6.7% (95% CI, −8.8% to −4.7%;
P
<0.001) for hs-cTnT; and −1.6% (95% CI, −2.9% to −0.4%;
P
<0.001) for sST2. NT-proBNP concentrations were predictive of later changes in hs-cTnT. The magnitude of reductions in NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT concentrations associated with improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction and left atrial volume index. There was no association between changes in sST2 and changes in other measures.

Conclusions:

Following initiation of S/V, NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, and sST2 concentrations decreased significantly. Longitudinal changes in NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT together associated with left atrial and left ventricular reverse remodeling.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02887183.
Sex, HIV Status, and Measures of Cardiac Stress and Fibrosis in Uganda
Authors: Kipke Jasmine , Margevicius Seunghee , Kityo Cissy , Mirembe Grace , Buggey Jonathan , Yun Chun‐Ho , Hung Chung‐Lieh , McComsey Grace A. , Longenecker Chris T.
Published: May 2021

Background

Biomarkers of myocardial stress and fibrosis are elevated in people living with HIV and are associated with cardiac dysfunction. It is unknown whether sex influences these markers of heart failure risk in sub‐Saharan Africa, where HIV burden is high and where the vast majority of women with HIV live.

Methods and Results

Echocardiograms and 6 plasma biomarkers (suppression of tumorigenicity‐2, growth differentiation factor 15, galectin 3, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1, NT‐proBNP [N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide], and cystatin C) were obtained from 100 people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy and 100 HIV‐negative controls in Uganda. All participants were ≥45 years old with ≥1 major cardiovascular risk factor. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations between biomarkers, echocardiographic variables, HIV status, and sex, and to assess whether sex modified these associations. Overall, mean age was 56 years and 62% were women. Suppression of tumorigenicity‐2 was higher in men versus women (
P
<0.001), and growth differentiation factor 15 was higher in people living with HIV versus controls (
P
<0.001). Sex modified the HIV effect on cystatin C and NT‐proBNP (both
P
for interaction <0.025). Women had more diastolic dysfunction than men (
P=
0.02), but there was no evidence of sex‐modifying HIV effects on cardiac structure and function. Cardiac biomarkers were more strongly associated with left ventricular mass index in men compared with women.

Conclusions

There are prominent differences in biomarkers of cardiac fibrosis and stress by sex and HIV status in Uganda. The predictive value of cardiac biomarkers for heart failure in people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa should be examined, and novel risk markers for women should be further explored.
Restless Legs Syndrome Shows Increased Silent Postmortem Cerebral Microvascular Disease With Gliosis
Authors: Walters Arthur S. , Paueksakon Paisit , Adler Charles H. , Moussouttas Michael , Weinstock Leonard B. , Spruyt Karen , Bagai Kanika
Published: May 2021

Background

Patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) have increased silent microvascular disease by magnetic resonance imaging. However, there has been no previous autopsy confirmation of these magnetic resonance imaging findings. RLS is also frequently associated with inflammatory and immunologically mediated medical disorders. The postmortem cortex in patients with RLS was therefore evaluated for evidence of microvascular and immunological changes.

Methods and Results

Ten microvascular injury samples of precentral gyrus in 5 patients with RLS (3 men, 2 women; mean age, 81 years) and 9 controls (2 men, 7 women; mean age, 90 years) were studied by hematoxylin and eosin stains in a blinded fashion. None of the subjects had a history of stroke or neurologic insults. In a similar manner, the following immunohistochemistry stains were performed: (1) glial fibrillary acidic protein (representing gliosis, reactive change of glial cells in response to damage); (2) CD3 (a T‐cell marker); (3) CD19 (a B‐cell marker); (4) CD68 (a macrophage marker); and (5) CD117 (a mast cell marker). Patients with RLS had significantly greater silent microvascular disease (
P
=0.015) and gliosis (
P
=0.003). T cells were increased in RLS compared with controls (
P
=0.009) and tended to colocalize with microvascular disease (
P
=0.003). Other markers did not differ. There was no correlation between microvascular lesion load and RLS severity or duration.

Conclusions

Patients with RLS had statistically significantly more silent cerebral microvascular disease and gliosis than controls compatible with previous magnetic resonance imaging studies and with studies showing a link between RLS and hypertension, clinical stroke, and cardiovascular disease. T‐cell invasion may be a secondary phenomenon.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with Clopidogrel and Aspirin Versus Aspirin Monotherapy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Qu Jianyu , Zhang Heng , Rao Chenfei , Chen Sipeng , Zhao Yan , Sun Hansong , Song Yunhu , Liu Sheng , Wang Liqing , Feng Wei , Wang Shuiyun , Hu Shengshou , Zheng Zhe
Published: May 2021

Background

The optimal antiplatelet therapy after coronary artery bypass grafting remains unclear. We evaluated the association of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel plus aspirin and clinical outcomes among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods and Results

A total of 18 069 consecutive patients who underwent primary isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between 2013 and 2017 were identified from a contemporary registry, and 10 854 (60.1%) received DAPT with clopidogrel plus aspirin as determined by claimed prescriptions after surgery. Cox regression models with inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to examine the associations between DAPT and outcomes. Patients who received DAPT, compared with those who received aspirin monotherapy, had a lower incidence of a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or repeat revascularization at 6 months (2.9% versus 4.2%; inverse probability of treatment weighting–adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.55–0.77;
P
<0.001) as well as death (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.41–0.90), myocardial infarction (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.40–0.74), and stroke (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.46–0.74). The incidence of major bleeding did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.69–1.78). Similar results were noted across multiple subgroups as well as when using different analytic methods.

Conclusions

Among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, DAPT with clopidogrel plus aspirin as secondary prevention was associated with reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events within 6 months as compared with aspirin monotherapy, and there was no significant increase in major bleeding.
Differences in Preferences Between Clinicians and Patients for the Use and Dosing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rymer Jennifer A. , Webb Laura , McCall Debbe , Hills Mellanie T. , Wang Tracy Y.
Published: May 2021

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are effective in reducing the stroke risk for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation if prescribed at the labeled dose, yet underdosing is frequent. Little is known about clinician knowledge and patient or clinician preferences for DOAC dosing.

Methods and Results

From April 2019 to March 2020, 240 clinicians and 343 patients with atrial fibrillation completed an assessment of anticoagulation knowledge/preferences. Clinician knowledge of DOAC dosing was tested with 4 hypothetical patient scenarios. Patients and clinicians were asked to grade the importance of 25 factors in anticoagulation decision making. Among clinicians, the median age was 55 years, and 23% were primary care clinicians. In scenarios of a patient indicated for full‐dose DOAC, 41.2% of clinicians underdosed apixaban and 17.6% underdosed rivaroxaban. In scenarios of a patient indicated for reduced‐dose DOAC, 64.6% and 71.7% of clinicians chose to use reduced‐dose apixaban and rivaroxaban, respectively. Only 35.0% of clinicians correctly answered all 4 scenarios with the label‐indicated dose; this knowledge gap was similar between clinicians who did and did not underdose. Among patients with atrial fibrillation, the median age was 65 years, and 89% were currently anticoagulated. Patients and clinicians ranked stroke prevention and avoiding severe bleeding as very important to anticoagulation decision making. Patients were more likely than clinicians to rank the ability to reduce anticoagulation dose if needed as very important (70.5% versus 43.6%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

There are considerable knowledge gaps regarding DOAC dosing in clinicians treating patients with atrial fibrillation, as well as significant differences in treatment dosing preferences between clinicians and patients.
Obéissance aux clercs et entre soi
Authors: Verdeil Chantal
Published: May 2021

Cet article se propose de considérer les institutions scolaires missionnaires comme un lieu où se forgent des masculinités. Il présente l’ idéal masculin que mettent en avant les missionnaires jésuites de la mission de Syrie à la fin du XIXe siècle et au début du XXe. Cet homme, qui appartient à une élite sociale, est avant tout un catholique soumis aux autorités religieuses, prêt à mourir pour sa foi et à lutter pour défendre sa patrie. Il est éduqué dans un entre soi masculin et intériorise une véritable ségrégation de l’ espace en fonction du sexe. Cette vision de la masculinité diffère d’ autres modèles en vogue à l’ époque, ce qui illustre aussi la diversité des modèles qui pouvaient alors circuler au Moyen-Orient.