bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF SEMANTIC TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONTOLOGY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF URBAN PROJECTS. THE CASE OF THE SEVILLE CITY COUNCIL
Authors: NAVARRO TORRES ANTONIO MATIAS , MENA NIETO ANGEL , BRAVO ARANDA GABRIEL
Published: January 2022

An ontology developed to support the process of definition and verification of the requirements for the implementation of economic activities is presented by means of a responsible declaration in Spanish cities. It defines activities, establishments, types of land use, and critical urban and environmental requirements. The implementation of a Knowledge-Based System (KBS) as an element of consultation prior to the implementation of activities by declaration responsible, it would minimize business failures, solving the problems derived from the use of the responsible statement.
Velority and Temperstere Distributlons in Turbulent Wakes Bebind an Infinite Cylinder and a Body of Revolution
Authors: N. Hu
Published: January 2022

Chou's theory of turbulence is applied to inyeatigate tho velocity and temperaturo distributions in tarbulent wakes,behind an infinite cylinder and a body of revolution. The results of the theory for the mean squares of velocity fluctuations across the wake, and for the distributions of mean velocity and temperature behind the wakes are found to agree well with the experiments of Fage, of Fage and Falkner, and of Hall and Hislop.
Velocity and Tempeteture Distributions in Turbulent Wates Behind a Row of Equally Spaced Parallel Rods and Behind a Square Grid
Authors: N. Hu
Published: January 2022

Chou's theory of turbulence is applied successfully to the wakes behind a system of equal distant parallel rods and a square grid. It is found that both the velocity and temperature distributions in the first kind of wake are the same cosino functions of the coordinates across the weke and those for the second kind of wake are just the superpositions of the wakes beind two perpendicular systems of parallol rods. In both cases Taylor's law of linear decay of turbulent fluctuation and quadratic increase of scale of micro-turbulenco are obtained.
SEPARABLE WAVE FUNCTION OF THE GROUND STATE OF HELIUEM CONSTRUCTED FROM HYLLERAAS WAVE FUNCTION
Authors: T. Z. Ku  ,   Rational Southwest Associated University,Kunming,China.
Published: January 2022

The single-electron wave function of the ground state of the helium atom is obtained from Hylleraas' well-known wave function by integrating the latter over the coordinates of one electron. The energy of the ground state calculated with this one-eleetron wave function is -5.717Rh. compared with the value -5.755 given by the seif-consistant field solution.
A PROBLEM IN THERMODYNAMICS
Authors: J. S. Wang  ,   Department of Physics,National Tsing Hua University
Published: January 2022

A simple problem in thermodynamics is considered with a view to emphasizing that the application of the adiabatic law pVγ=const, for a gas is permissible only when the process is quasistatic.
ON THE HEISENBERC PICTURE IN QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS
Authors: S. T. Ma  ,   Department of Physics,National University of Peking,Kunming
Published: January 2022

The form of quantum theory of reaiation introdnced by Heiaonbarg is diarnaaed from the point of view of the transformation theory of quantum electrodynamics.A general investigation of the connection between Heisenberg's method and Dirac'smethod of variation of parameters is given.The exetension of Heisenberg's methodto eigenvalue problems.which was first carried out by Weissklpf for the self energyof the electron.is presented in such a way as to show more clearly its quantummechanical interpretation.Ageneral proof of the equivalence of We jsskopf's me-tbod and the method of the perturbation theory of stationary stntes in quantumicechanics is given.
HYLLERAASIAN WAVE FUNCT/ON OF 2s2 1S OF HELIUM
Authors: T. T. Kou  , Ta-You Wu  ,   Department of Physies,National University of Peking,Kun-ming
Published: January 2022

A variatioual calculation of the energy of the 2s2 1S state of helium has been carried out with the use of a wave function of the Hylleraasian type. The wave function is ψ=e-0.2278s{1-0.17079s-0.063155u-0.013869t2 +0.010044u2+0.0064785s2} where s,t u are in units of 4 times the first Bohr radius of hydrogen. The energy is E(2s2 1S)=-1.5412Rh. compared with the value -1.4400 Rh obtained by the method of self-consistent field.
ON THE HERMITEAN OPERATORS IN QUANTUM MECHANICS
Authors: H. C. Lee  ,   National Wuhan University,Loshan
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of this paper is, after making some necessary preliminaries on the theory ot linear differential operators in one real variable, to obtain the explicit condition that such an operator of any order be a Hermitean operator, and as application of the result point out various quantum-mechanical instances.
Stochastic resonance of fractional-order coupled system excited by trichotomous noise
Authors: Peng Hao , Ren Rui-Bin , Zhong Yang-Fan , Yu Tao ,   College of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610064, China,   College of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
Published: January 2022

In order to describe the motion behavior of coupled particles with mass fluctuations in a viscous medium, we propose a corresponding model, namely a fractional-order coupled system excited by trichotomous noise. By using the Shapiro-Loginov formula and the Laplace transform, we find the statistical synchronization of the system, then obtain analytical expression of the system output amplitude gain. On this basis, this paper focuses on the key points, which are the coupled system, the fractional order system and the trichotomous noise, analyzes the influences of coupling coefficient, system order and noise steady-state probability on the generalized stochastic resonance phenomenon of system’s output amplitude gain, and gives some reasonable explanations. Specifically, first, as the coupling coefficient increases, the generalized stochastic resonance phenomenon of the output amplitude gain of the system first increases and then weakens until it converges. This phenomenon shows that the appropriate coupling strength can promote the generation of system resonance, thereby reflecting the importance of studying coupled systems. Second, with the order of the system increases, the generalized stochastic resonance phenomenon of the system’s output amplitude gain weakens gradually. When the system order value is 1, that is, when the system degenerates into an integer order system, the peak value of its output amplitude gain is smallest. This phenomenon shows that the fractional order system can obtain a larger output amplitude gain than the traditional integer order system. Third, the effect of the steady-state probability of noise on the output amplitude gain of the system changes with other related parameters. Under certain parameter conditions, trichotomous noise can not only make the output amplitude of the system larger than that of the system excited by dichotomous noise, but also change the resonance type of the system. Finally, the correctness of the above results is verified by numerical simulation.
Plasma FGF21 concentrations are regulated by glucose independently of insulin and GLP-1 in lean, healthy humans
Authors: Solomon Thomas P.J. , Carter Steven , Haus Jacob M. , Karstoft Kristian , von Holstein-Rathlou Stephanie , Nielsen Mette S. , Gillum Matthew P.
Published: January 2022

Background

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) treatment improves metabolic homeostasis in diverse species, including humans. Physiologically, plasma FGF21 levels increase modestly after glucose ingestion, but it is unclear whether this is mediated by glucose itself or due to a secondary effect of postprandial endocrine responses. A refined understanding of the mechanisms that control FGF21 release in humans may accelerate the development of small-molecule FGF21 secretagogues to treat metabolic disease. This study aimed to determine whether FGF21 secretion is stimulated by elevations in plasma glucose, insulin, or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in humans.

Methods

Three groups of ten healthy participants were included in a parallel-group observational study. Group A underwent a hyperglycemic infusion; Group B underwent a 40 mU/m2/min hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp; Group C underwent two pancreatic clamps (to suppress endogenous insulin secretion) with euglycemic and hyperglycemic stages with an infusion of either saline or 0.5 pmol/kg/min GLP-1. Plasma FGF21 concentrations were measured at baseline and during each clamp stage by ELISA.

Results

Plasma FGF21 was unaltered during hyperglycemic infusion and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps, compared to baseline. FGF21 was, however, increased by hyperglycemia under pancreatic clamp conditions (P < 0.05), while GLP-1 infusion under pancreatic clamp conditions did not change circulating FGF21 levels.

Conclusion

Increases in plasma FGF21 are likely driven directly by changes in plasma glucose independent of changes in insulin or GLP-1 secretion. Ecologically valid postprandial investigations are now needed to confirm our observations from basic science infusion models.
Nutritional Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Leaves and the Effect of Its Bio-fortification with Animal Feed on Physical Changes and Organ Weights in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Ayodele Peter Folorunsho , Oyedotun Oyeleke , Onifade Olayinka Funmilayo , Adeosun Abiola Muhammad , Odeniyi Ifeoluwa Adebayo , Omowaye Olaniyi Stephen , Akram Mohammad
Published: January 2022

The current research investigated the nutritional value of the Moringa oleifera leaves Four diets, different in their composition were used on sixteen male albino rats (n=4). Commercial vitamins and minerals premix (75.0 g) were used solely in diet 1; diet 2 contained 37.5 g of the vitamin-mineral premix and 37.5 g MOL. Diet 3 contained 19.0 g of vitamin-mineral premix and 56.0 g of MOL. Diet 4 contained only MOL (75.0 g) as the sole source of vitamins and minerals. Diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 were provided for groups A (control), B, C and D respectively. Nutritional evaluation of the Moringa oleifera leaves contained protein (28.23±0.02%), dry matter (25.56±05%), Calcium (723.01 ±0.11 mg), Magnesium (677.28±0.00 mg) and Zinc (214.51±0.02 mg). Concerning the respective diets on feed consumption, bodyweight gain and growth performance, results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in dose-dependent manners compared with control (A). Groups C and D showed a significant decrease (p > 0.05) in the efficiency of feed conversion when compared to control. The organs of all the test groups showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in weight compared to control. Conclusively, the study suggests the use of MOL may be needful only as a supplement, condiment or ingredient to enrich diets with essential vitamins and minerals but not for growth or bodyweight gain.
Effect of Various Sources and Levels of Sulphur on Growth, Dry Matter Production and Nutrient Uptake of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Jena Rameswar , Yakadri M. , Bhatt Spandana , Chandra Reddy K. Pavan
Published: January 2022

A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of Indian mustard to various sources and levels of sulphur during rabi season of 2021 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The experiment was carried out with three sources of sulphur (ammonium sulphate, gypsum and bentonite sulphur) and three levels of sulphur (20, 40 and 60 kg S ha-1) with one additional treatment (control i.e., 0 kg S ha-1) in factorial concept and replicated thrice. Significant crop response was observed for plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production with application of ammonium sulphate among all the three sources. Among the levels of sulphur, the higher values of plant height, leaf area index and dry matter recorded on application of 60 kg S ha-1, which showed parity with 40 kg S ha-1. The similar trend was also noticed for seed yield and nutrient uptake (N and S).
Effect of Different N and K Fertigation Levels of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum var. grossum L.) as Influenced by Nutrient Content of Capsicum under Poly House
Authors: Gouthami B. , Devi M. Uma , Kumar K. Avil , Ramulu V.
Published: January 2022

The experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2018-19 at Water Technology Centre, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad on capsicum (Capsicum annuum var. grossum L.) with respect to different nitrogen and potassium fertigation levels under poly house. The experiment comprised of three replications in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors {i.e. N levels (4), K levels (3) } and twelve treatments Viz; N fertigation levels of 0 %, 120 % (216 kg N ha-1) , 150 % (270 kg N ha-1), 180 % (324 kg N ha-1) and K fertigation levels of 0 %, 80 % (96 kg K2O ha-1), 100% (120 kg K2O ha-1) respectively. The 100 % RDF was 180, 90 and 120 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1. The source of N was urea, P was single super phosphate (SSP) and K was white muriate of potash (MOP). The N and K were applied through drip fertigation on every fourth day during different crop growth stages. In the fertigation programme, during crop establishment stage (10 DAT to 14 DAT), 10 % of N and K2O were applied in two splits. During vegetative stage, (15 to 46 DAT) 30 % of N and 20 % of K2O were applied in eight splits. During flower initiation to fruit development (47 DAT to 74 DAT) 20 % of N and K2O were applied in seven splits. From fruit development till final harvesting stage (75 DAT  to 154 DAT) 40 % of N and 50 % K2O were applied in 20 splits in a total of 37 splits. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture with low in available nitrogen (166.5 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (81.1 kg P2O5 ha-1) and low in available potassium (245.4 kg K2O ha-1). Irrigation was scheduled at 0.8 Epan based on pan evaporation data. The total water applied to the crop was 414.8 mm. The total nitrogen content in capsicum shoots ranged from 3.41 to 4.57 %, 4.29 to 6.35 %, 4.43 to 6.67%, 4.76 to 6.86% and 4.53 to 6.58% at 30, 60, 90, and 120 and at final harvest respectively. In fruits, it ranged from 4.11 to 6.49 %, 3.92 to 6.35%, 4.01 to 6.25 % at 90, 120 and at final harvest respectively. The total phosphorus content in capsicum shoots ranged from 0.13 to 0.23 %, 0.42 to 0.92%, 0.14 to 0.33%, 0.12 to 0.24% and 0.12 to 0.20% at 30, 60, 90, 120 and at final harvest respectively. In fruits it ranged from 0.20 to 0.59 %, 0.24 to 0.57 %, 0.26 to 0.70 % at 90, 120 and at final harvest respectively. The total potassium content in capsicum shoots ranged from 0.87 to 1.83 %, 1.77 to 2.65%, 1.50 to 2.23%, 0.96 to 1.54% and 0.83 to 1.38% at 30, 60, 90, 120 and at final harvest respectively. In fruits it ranged from 1.02 to 1.47%, 0.98 to 1.35%, 0.93 to 1.28% at 90, 120 and at final harvest respectively.
Prevalence of Single Umbilical Artery (Isolated and non-isolated) and Its Correlation with Birth Defects and Premature Death
Authors: Lothe Aditi Sandeep , Pandey Varsha
Published: January 2022

Background: The single umbilical artery (SUA) is linked to congenital abnormalities in almost every organ system, however published findings have been inconsistent. Although It has been proposed that inherited and long-term environmental factors do play a role, there is a need for further investigations on the same. The goal is to look into the possibility of a link between a single umbilical artery (SUA) in the incidence of chromosomal anomalies in the second trimester of pregnancy and their collective occurrence.

Methods: The exclusion of any one of the two umbilical artery and a present umbilical vein was considered as a single umbilical artery for the purpose of this research. A single umbilical artery was established by gross or histologic investigation of the placenta, neonatal evaluation, or autopsy. As a direct consequence, a newborn who did not have a single umbilical artery documented in these records was presumed to have an umbilical cord consisting of three vessels.

Results: SUA was identified in 0.46 percent of our population (4241/918 933). SUA risk factors included pregestational diabetes in the mother, consistently high blood pressure, prior Cesarean delivery.  Some other factors include smoking, epilepsy, and conception via assisted reproductive technology. SUA was associated with gastrointestinal atresia or stenosis in the neonate, esophageal and anorectal atresia or stenosis followed renal agenesis. SUA was linked to an elevated risk of congenital cardiac abnormalities by up to 7–8 times. There was a link between microcephaly, congenital hydrocephalus. There was a link established between other congenital brain and spinal cord anomalies as well. SUA displayed a lesser relationship with hernia associated with the diaphragm, limb reduction defect. It also showed a smaller relation to cleft lip or cleft palate. The risks of trisomy 13 and 21 were both increased, while the risk of trisomy 18 was maximum. Fetuses diagnosed with SUA, whether or not accompanied with a deformity, had two times the higher potential possibility of SUA in a future pregnancy.

Conclusion: Single Umbilical Artery is closely linked to gastrointestinal atresia or stenosis, implying the same developmental processes. The higher likelihood of reappearance of Single Umbilical Artery implies that inheritable and/or long-term environmental variables play a role. SUA was shown to have high correlations with trisomies 13 and 18.
Childhood Asthma and Risk Factors in KSA (Cross Sectional Study)
Authors: Attia Najya Abdullah , Abousada Hoda Jehad , Almasoudi Samirah Saeed , AlHarbi Abdulaziz Abduallah , Alghanmi Omniah Dakiel , Alghamdi Abdullah Jamaan , Almarshud Fahad Ahmed , Alhazmi Reema Khaled , Haddad Abdulaziz Hisham , Alzahrani Abdullah Saeed , Aljahdali Ammar Yasir , Mahmoud Shuaa Adel , Ajjaj Refal Ghassan , Mannan Sara Mohammed , ALnashri Aeshah Ali
Published: January 2022

The goal of this study is to see if there's a link between age, gender, and risk factors including having a smoking parent, allergic rhinitis, skin allergies, food allergies, and a family history of atopy with the diagnosis of childhood asthma. The goal is also to evaluate the prevalence of asthma in the study's pediatric sample, as well as the prevalence of other symptoms and complications in this group.

A link was discovered between childhood asthma and age, allergic rhinitis, skin allergies, food allergies, and atopy in the family. In most areas of this investigation, the findings are consistent with earlier studies conducted at various periods and in other places for almost identical aims.
Addressing the Prominent Li+ Intercalation Process of Metal Sulfide Catalyst in Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Wang Jin , Yang Shaohua , Xu Zijia , Ai Guo , Zhang Ting , Mao Wenfeng
Published: January 2022

Various catalysts are adopted to boost the conversion chemistry of Lithium sulfur (Li‐S) batteries, but most of them are electrochemical‐active in a working Li‐S cell, and the changes of their chemical state and the induced influence toward the Li‐S catalytic mechanism are unclear. Herein, a dynamic catalytic mechanism is proposed by the selection of Li+‐interaction‐reversible VS2 catalyst as a representative species to address this issue. The VS2 catalyst with ultrastable Li+ intercalation/deintercalation characteristics, fast charge transport capability, and active capacity contribution can provide a strong and dynamic chemisorption toward polysulfide (LiPS). The resulting Li‐S batteries exhibit excellent cyclability at 3 C with capacity attenuation of 81.23% over 250 cycles and good rate capability up to 8 C. Moreover, a new insight toward the dynamic catalytic changes induced by the prominent Li+ intercalation process of metal sulfide is proposed, which can provide more opportunities for the evolutional design for Li‐S catalysts.
Stable Lead‐Free Blue‐Emitting Cs3Cu2Br5 Single Crystal with Self‐Trap Exciton Emission for Optoelectronics
Authors: Zheng Xixi , Huang Jinxin , Liu Yaoyu , Wang Tianyu , Han Shiguo , Wang Zongqi , Teng Bing , Ji Shaohua
Published: January 2022

Owing to their excellent photoelectric properties, perovskite materials have broad application prospects; however, the toxicity of Pb limits the application of Pb‐based perovskite materials. To overcome this problem, Pb‐free perovskite materials are prepared by replacing Pb with nontoxic elements including Ge and Sn; nevertheless, the stabilities of these materials are low. Herein, single crystals of nontoxic Cu(I)‐based ternary metal halide (Cs3Cu2Br5) with outstanding stabilities and self‐trapped excition (STE) emission are constructed by an antisolvent method for the first time; these crystals exhibit central blue emission at 458 nm and large Stokes shifts. Photoluminescence (PL) intensities of the single crystals remain above 96.9% of their initial intensities when these crystals are exposed to an atmospheric environment for 90 days. Moreover, the stabilities of the Cs3Cu2Br5 single crystals are investigated by temperature‐dependent PL spectroscopy, which suggests a considerable exciton binding energy of 503 meV, and derivative thermogravimetric analysis, which indicate that the temperature of complete decomposition of Cs3Cu2Br5 is above 930 °C. Furthermore, a new class of white light‐emitting diodes with an ultrahigh color rendering index of 97.8 and satisfactory performance is produced using the Cs3Cu2Br5 single crystals. The study demonstrates significant potentials of Cu(I)‐based single crystals in the field of optoelectronics.
Chiral Binaphthyl‐Based Iodonium Salt (Hypervalent Iodine(III)) as Hydrogen‐ and Halogen‐Bonding Bifunctional Catalyst: Insight into Abnormal Counteranion Effect and Asymmetric Synthesis of N,S‐Acetals
Authors: Yoshida Yasushi , Fujimura Tappei , Mino Takashi , Sakamoto Masami
Published: January 2022

Asymmetric construction of chiral N,S‐acetal skeletons is important because they are widely present in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Halogen‐bonding is a unique interaction that has been an organic synthesis focus, although research into chiral variants is limited. Halonium salts have been found to act as halogen‐bonding catalysts and asymmetric catalysis using chiral bromonium salts under basic conditions was recently discovered by our group. Herein, we report the asymmetric syntheses of chiral N,S‐acetals in good‐to‐excellent yields and enantioselectivities (82–97% ee) through bulky thiol additions to imines catalysed by a chiral iodonium salt under neutral conditions. The reaction mechanism was studied using NMR experiments and DFT calculations of a plausible intermediate, which revealed that the imine substrate is activated by the catalyst in a bidentate manner. The abnormal counteranion effect observed for the tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate anion in the present system was examined by 1H NMR spectroscopy.

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Effect of Substitution of Pb for Mg on the Photovoltaic Properties of Methyl‐Ammonium Lead Iodide Perovskites
Authors: Tablero Crespo César
Published: January 2022

To know if Pb can be substituted by less toxic Mg without reducing the photovoltaic efficiency of the methyl‐ammonium lead iodide perovskites, the microscopic contributions to the absorption coefficients and efficiencies are analyzed as a function of the gradual substitution of Pb by Mg. The absorption coefficients are obtained from first principles and used later to obtain efficiencies. To identify and quantify the most important contributions to the photovoltaic properties as a function of cell thickness, both the absorption coefficients and efficiencies are split as an exact many‐species expansion. From these results, the substitution of Pb by Mn would lead to solar cells with similar photovoltaics characteristics, except if the solar cells are ultra‐thin.
Design and Synthesis of Hollow Nanostructures for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Min , Zhang Cai Hong , Li Nian Wu , Luan Deyan , Yu Le , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: January 2022

Electrocatalytic water splitting using renewable energy is widely considered as a clean and sustainable way to produce hydrogen as an ideal energy fuel for the future. Electrocatalysts are indispensable elements for large‐scale water electrolysis, which can efficiently accelerate electrochemical reactions occurring at both ends. Benefitting from high specific surface area, well‐defined void space, and tunable chemical compositions, hollow nanostructures can be applied as promising candidates of direct electrocatalysts or supports for loading internal or external electrocatalysts. Herein, some recent progress in the structural design of micro‐/nanostructured hollow materials as advanced electrocatalysts for water splitting is summarized. First, the design principles and corresponding strategies toward highly effective hollow electrocatalysts for oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions are highlighted. Afterward, an overview of current reports about hollow electrocatalysts with diverse architectural designs and functionalities is given, including direct hollow electrocatalysts with single‐shelled, multi‐shelled, or open features and heterostructured electrocatalysts based on hollow hosts. Finally, some future research directions of hollow electrocatalysts for water splitting are discussed based on personal perspectives.
Assessment of soybean yield variability in the southeastern U.S. with the calibration of genetic coefficients from variety trials using CROPGRO‐Soybean
Authors: Perondi Daniel , Boote Kenneth , de Souza Nóia Júnior Rogério , Mulvaney Michael , Iboyi Joseph , Fraisse Clyde
Published: January 2022

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is a major crop cultivated in the United States, and it is well adapted to different latitudes and weather conditions. However, grain yield variability of rainfed soybean across early and late sowing dates and among maturity groups (MGs) has not been well evaluated in the southeastern United States. This study uses crop variety trials and soil reports to calibrate the CROPGRO‐Soybean model and then assesses yield variability for different sowing dates and MGs across sites within the southeastern United States. After model calibration and evaluation, soybean yield was simulated across 36 yr at eight sites for 16 sowing dates and three cultivars from MGs V, VI, and VII. The results show that the model accurately simulated soybean yield for MGs across different soil types, where the root mean square error (RMSE) across cultivars ranged from 423 to 589 kg ha−1 and across sites ranged from 219 to 684 kg ha−1. This facilitated the assessment of sowing date effects on yield variability, where simulations showed high yields for sowing dates from April to May, but with higher variability for April sowing dates and low grain yield for sowing dates in July. Our approach successfully illustrates the use of soil reports and crop variety trials to assess the best sowing dates and MGs for soybean production in this region.
Discrete element method simulation of binary blend mixing of cohesive particles in a high‐intensity vibration system
Authors: Zheng Kai , Kunnath Kuriakose , Davé Rajesh N.
Published: January 2022

The effects of processing intensity, time, and particle surface energy on mixing of binary cohesive powder blends in high‐intensity vibration system were investigated via discrete element method simulations. The mixedness was quantified by the coefficient of variation, Cv; lower being better. The mixing rate, which is the speed at which homogeneity was achieved, was inversely proportional to the mixing Bond number, defined as the ratio of particle cohesion to the shear force resulting from the mixing intensity. Results show that both increasing processing intensity and reducing surface energy led to a faster mixing rate. However, the mixedness improved initially as mixing action (the product of mixing rate and mixing time) increased, but later deteriorated upon its further increase. Thus, both mixing rate and mixing intensity need to be tuned for optimum mixing performance depending on the cohesion level of particles; too high or too low mixing action should be avoided.
What's not to like about Likert? Developing a nonverbal animal preference scale (NAPS)
Authors: Vonk Jennifer
Published: January 2022

Rating scales, such as Likert scales, are incredibly flexible and intuitive tools for measuring individuals' rating of agreement with or relative preference for many types of stimuli. For humans, this typically involves ratings of agreement between end points representing distinct attitudes or beliefs; For example, strongly disagree to strongly agree. Nonverbal versions of Likert scales have also been presented to children, allowing them to indicate their degree of preference, pain, or happiness. However, before the current study, no known efforts had been made to develop a nonverbal rating scale for use with nonhuman animals. Such a scale would be a useful welfare tool, allowing nonverbal individuals to indicate not just relative preferences between pairs of items but their degree of liking for individual items. I present an outline of the steps taken to create such a scale for use with three zoo‐housed gorillas. Two gorillas succeeded in associating preferred and less preferred foods with different response buttons but none of the gorillas were able to effectively use the neutral response button. It is possible that limits in gorillas’ capacity for conditional discriminations and/or conceptualization of constructs as abstract as “liking” impeded training. These data are relevant for understanding gorilla cognition and can inform continued efforts to create a tool for nonhumans to communicate their preferences to human caregivers in a more nuanced way than is currently possible.
Highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles supported on graphitic carbon nitride for selective hydrogenation of nitro compounds and Ullmann coupling reaction
Authors: Bhowmik Tanmay , Sadhukhan Mriganka , Kempasiddaiah Manjunatha , Barman Sudip
Published: January 2022

High catalytic activity and superior stability are important criterion for the utilization of a noble metal‐based nano‐composite catalyst. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles embedded on graphitic carbon nitride (Pd@CNx) by ultrasound assisted method without aid of any external reducing agent. The Pd@CNx composite was well characterized by different techniques. This Pd@CNx shows effective catalytic activity towards easy dehydrogenation of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and ammonia borane in aqueous medium and also can easily hydrogenate 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol with fast kinetics. The catalyst is highly selective towards nitro groups in presence of other reducible groups with good stability. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibits superior catalytic activity towards Ullmann coupling reaction of different aryl halides with broad range of substrates scope with easy recovery of the catalyst and notable recycling property.
Block Copolymer‐Derived Porous Carbon Fibers Enable High MnO2 Loading and Fast Charging in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Guo Dong , Zhao Wenqi , Pan Fuping , Liu Guoliang
Published: January 2022

Rechargeable aqueous Zn−MnO2 batteries are promising for stationary energy storage because of their high energy density, safety, environmental benignity, and low cost. Conventional gravel MnO2 cathodes have low electrical conductivity, slow ion (de‐)insertion, and poor cycle stability, resulting in poor recharging performance and severe capacity fading. To improve the rechargeability of MnO2, strategies have been devised such as depositing micrometer‐thick MnO2 on carbon cloth and blending nanostructured MnO2 with additives and binders. The low electrical conductivity of binders and sluggish ion (de‐)insertion in micrometer‐thick MnO2, however, still limit the fast‐charging performance. Herein, we have prepared porous carbon fiber (PCF) supported MnO2 cathodes (PCF@MnO2), comprised of nanometer‐thick MnO2 uniformly deposited on electrospun block copolymer‐derived PCF that have abundant uniform mesopores. The high electrical conductivity of PCF, fast electrochemical reactions in nanometer‐thick MnO2, and fast ion transport through porous nonwoven fibers contribute to a high rate capability at high loadings. PCF@MnO2, at a MnO2 loading of 59.1 wt %, achieves a MnO2‐based specific capacity of 326 and 184 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 and 1.0 A g−1, respectively. Our approach of block copolymer‐based PCF as a support for zinc‐ion cathode inspires future designs of fast‐charging electrodes with other active materials.
The role of the teacher's culture in classroom management: A case study of primary schools in French Polynesia
Authors: Alletru Amélie , Vinatier Isabelle
Published: January 2022

Polynesian Languages and Culture (PLC) lessons in primary schools focus on, among other things, passing on Tahitian legends and linguistic content that is specific to the Polynesian languages (Reo mā'ohi). A co‐analysis of the PLC teachers' culture of origin conducted with the teachers to identify the dimensions of their actual activity revealed a strong connivance between the teaching object and the teacher/pupils relationship (notably through gestures, postures and proxemics). This relationship was representative of the 'rapports de place' (relationships of place) found in particular in the non‐school sphere. Respect for the roles and statuses of 'elders' and 'magisters', the importance of a commitment to learning, the valorisation of speaking up and the benevolence of encouraging pupils to persevere in their learning were all fundamental values of belonging in the Tahitian community. Beyond the Polynesian context, this research contributes to a conceptual enlargement of the theoretical field of 'didactique professionnelle' because it demonstrates that taking into account the influence of the context and its inherent values better identifies the resources that teachers implicitly draw on and that they refer or do not refer to in an interactive situation with learners.
TMT‐based proteomics analysis to screen potential biomarkers of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix for osteoporosis in rats
Authors: Yang Liu , Hou Ajiao , Zhang Xiaojuan , Zhang Jiaxu , Wang Song , Dong Jiaojiao , Zhang Shihao , Jiang Hai , Kuang Haixue
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to explore the possible mechanism of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix for the treatment of osteoporosis using tandem mass tag‐based proteomics technique combined with mass spectrometry. Proteomics techniques combined with bioinformatics were used to analyze the biological functions of differentially expressed proteins. In addition, western blotting was performed to verify the expression of related proteins. A total of 3,752 proteins were identifiable by proteomic analysis. Furthermore, 93 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which 61 were upregulated and 32 were downregulated. Differentially expressed proteins were primarily associated with oxidative phosphorylation (p = 4.8 × 10−4) pathways and involved in transmembrane transport (p = 3.5 × 10−3), exocytic process (p = 1.2 × 10−2), cellular developmental process (p = 1.3 × 10−2), adenosine triphosphate metabolic process (p = 1.0 × 10−2) and other biological processes. Western blotting analysis showed that MT‐CYB and NDUFA9 were differentially expressed in the bone microenvironment of rats with osteoporosis. We speculated that they were potential biomarkers linked to osteoporosis. This study employed proteomics to explore the potential therapeutic targets of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix to treat osteoporosis. This revealed that mitochondria are a new target for the treatment of glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis.
Stability evaluation of morphine, hydromorphone, metamizole and esketamine containing analgesic mixtures applied for patient‐controlled analgesia in hospice and palliative care
Authors: Harder Matthias , Fiegl‐Lechner Anna , Oberacher Herbert , Horvath Ulrike E. I. , Schlager Andreas , Jeske Martina , Kerndler Sylvia , Schüllner Falko , Bonn Günther K. , Rainer Matthias
Published: January 2022

In this study, different injection solutions containing opioid and nonopioid compounds used for patient‐controlled analgesia in hospice and palliative care were evaluated in terms of analyte stability. Investigated injection solutions contained different combinations of morphine, hydromorphone, metamizole and esketamine. For the practical implementation, samples from infusion pumps were daily drawn over a period of 7 days at 22 and 37°C. Quantitative measurements were performed on a high‐performance liquid chromatography system with ultraviolet detection applying a validated analytical method. All compounds apart from morphine showed no evident changes in concentration. However, a significant loss of morphine was observed for injection mixtures containing both morphine and metamizole at 37°C. After 7 days, only 72% of the initially measured morphine concentration was measured in the binary and 77% in the ternary mixture. Furthermore, an additional compound was detected that could represent the morphine‐metamizole‐adduct, “metamorphine”. Based on these results, a significantly reduced morphine concentration must be expected after only 3 days if an injection solution mixture containing both morphine and metamizole is administered to a patient at 37°C. Since the analgesic effects of morphine–metamizole adducts have not yet been thoroughly investigated, further clinical studies are necessary before accurate conclusions can be drawn in this regard.
Sex differences in high‐risk but indicated coronary interventions (CHiP): National report from British Cardiovascular Intervention Society Registry
Authors: Shamkhani Warkaa , Kinnaird Tim , Ludman Peter , Rashid Muhammad , Mamas Mamas A.
Published: January 2022

Objective

To assess sex‐based differences in clinical outcomes following complex and high‐risk but indicated percutaneous coronary intervention (CHiP).

Background

CHiP is increasingly common in contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice. Data on sex differences in the type of CHiP procedures undertaken or their associated clinical outcomes are limited.

Methods

Patients with stable coronary artery disease who underwent CHiP between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2017, were included. All procedures were stratified by sex. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the sex‐specific adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of in‐hospital outcomes.

Results

Out of 424,290 PCI procedures, 141,610 (33.37%) were CHiP procedures. Overall, 32,129 (23%) of CHiP were undertaken in females. Females were older than males (median: 74.8 vs. 69.1 years). Males had a higher prevalence of previous myocardial infarction (MI) (44.6% vs. 35.6%) and previous PCI (40% vs. 32.5%). The most common variable observed in female patients undergoing CHiP was age >80 (35.4%), followed by prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (24.3%) and severe coronary calcification (22.6%). In contrast, the most common variable in male patients was prior CABG (36%), followed by chronic thrombus occlusion (CTO) PCI (34.4%) and severe coronary calcification (22%). Females had higher odds (aOR) for mortality (aOR: 1.78, 95% CI: [1.4, 2.2]), bleeding (aOR: 1.99, 95% CI: [1.72, 3.2]), and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (aOR: 1.23, 95% CI: [1.09, 1.38]) compared to males.

Conclusion

In this national analysis of CHiP procedures over 12 years, there were significant sex differences in the type of CHiP procedures undertaken, with females at increased odds for mortality and in‐hospital adverse outcomes.
5‐Year outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Focus on paravalvular leakage assessed by echocardiography and hemodynamic parameters
Authors: Schoechlin Simon , Hein Manuel , Brennemann Tim , Eichenlaub Martin , Schulz Undine , Jander Nikolaus , Neumann Franz‐Josef
Published: January 2022

Objectives

We sought to assess the impact of echocardiographic and hemodynamic grading of paravalvular leakage (PVL) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) on the prediction of 5‐year mortality. PVL after TAVI is known to influence outcome after TAVI. Yet, present available data of long‐term outcomes and especially the comparison of different modalities for measurement of PVL is little.

Methods

We performed a retrospective single‐center cohort study and compared the prognostic value of echocardiographic PVL grading as well as the aortic regurgitation index (ARI) pre‐ and post‐TAVI. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional regression analysis generated hazard ratios for mortality.

Results

A total of 464 patients underwent TAVI at our center between August 2012 and Decemebr 2014, with self‐expandable CoreValve (11%) or balloon‐expandable Sapien XT (47.4%) and Sapien 3 (41.6) valves. Overall 5‐year mortality was 52.4% (243/464). Echocardiographic classes of PVL at discharge showed a significant (p = 0.002) association with 5‐year mortality, mild PVL remained as an independent predictor for 5‐year mortality in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio: 1.642 [95% confidence interval: 1.235–2.182]; p = 0.001). Grades of PVL as assessed during the procedure by ARI (below the previously defined cut‐off of 25) did not show a significant association with 5‐year mortality (p = 0.417 and p = 0.995, respectively).

Conclusions

Even mild PVL assessed by echocardiography was an independent predictor for 5‐year survival, whereas hemodynamic measurements did not help to identify PVLs that are relevant to 5‐year survival.
Multifunctional Catalytic Properties of Pd/CNT Catalysts for 4‐Nitrophenol Reduction
Authors: Audevard Jeremy , Benyounes Anas , Castro Contreras Ruben , Abou Oualid Hicham , Kacimi Mohamed , Serp Philippe
Published: January 2022

Carbon nanotubes are arousing real interest in catalysis, either as catalyst support or as catalyst itself. In this work, the influence of CNT doping (O, N, S) on the catalytic performance of CNT and Pd/CNT catalysts have been investigated in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol both under H2or using NaBH4as a hydride source. The morphology, composition, particle size and crystallinity of the materials were investigated by various techniques including HRTEM, STEM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy and XRD. Among the CNT carbocatalysts, only N‐CNT is active for 4‐nitrophenol reduction at room temperature, and only in the presence of NaBH4. As far as supported Pd catalysts are concerned, the nature of the support influences the Pd nanoparticle location (confinement), the Pd nanoparticles/Pd single atoms ratio and the extent of H‐spillover, three catalyst features that directly affect the catalytic activity. The best combination of Pd nanoparticles/Pd single atoms ratio, H‐spillover and confinement for 4‐nitrophenol reduction using NaBH4, is found in Pd/O‐CNT catalysts, while for reactions performed under H2, Pd/N‐CNT presents the best combination.
Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Inhibitory Profile of New Quinoline Compounds in Cell Culture‐Based Infection Models
Authors: Herrmann Lars , Hahn Friedrich , Wangen Christina , Marschall Manfred , Tsogoeva Svetlana B.
Published: January 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are Manfred Marschall, Svetlana B. Tsogoeva and co‐workers at Friedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen–Nürnberg. The image depicts a new anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 compound in front of SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202103861.
6,5‐Fused Ring, C2‐Salvinorin Ester, Dual Kappa and Mu Opioid Receptor Agonists as Analgesics Devoid of Anxiogenic Effects**
Authors: Akins Nicholas S. , Mishra Nisha , Harris Hannah M. , Dudhipala Narendar , Kim Seong Jong , Keasling Adam W. , Majumdar Soumyajit , Zjawiony Jordan K. , Paris Jason J. , Ashpole Nicole M. , Le Hoang V.
Published: January 2022

Current common analgesics are mediated through the mu or kappa opioid receptor agonism. Unfortunately, selective mu or kappa receptor agonists often cause harmful side effects. However, ligands exhibiting dual agonism to the opioid receptors, such as to mu and kappa, or to mu and delta, have been suggested to temper undesirable adverse effects while retaining analgesic activity. Herein we report an introduction of various 6,5‐fused rings to C2 of the salvinorin scaffold via an ester linker. In vitro studies showed that many of these compounds have dual agonism on kappa and mu opioid receptors. In vivo studies on the lead dual kappa and mu opioid receptor agonist demonstrated supraspinal thermal analgesic activity while avoiding anxiogenic effects in male mice, thus providing further strong evidence in support of the therapeutic advantages of dual opioid receptor agonists over selective opioid receptor agonists.
Reverse Intersystem Crossing of Single Deuterated Perylene Molecules in a Dibenzothiophene Matrix
Authors: Smit Robert , Ristanović Zoran , Kozankiewicz Bolesław , Orrit Michel
Published: January 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Michel Orrit's group at the University of Leiden, The Netherlands. The image shows the structures of the dibenzothiophene host molecule and perylene guest molecule with its fluorescence emission spectrum on the bottom. The symbols and arrows refer to the reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) observed for single perylene molecules in dibenzothiophene host crystals, which typically have a needle shape and are shown in the background. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202100679.
Application of AAV1 for Anterograde Transsynaptic Circuit Mapping and Input‐Dependent Neuronal Cataloging
Authors: Zingg Brian , Dong Hong‐Wei , Tao Huizhong Whit , Zhang Li I.
Published: January 2022

Viruses that spread transsynaptically provide a powerful means to study interconnected circuits in the brain. Here we describe the use of adeno‐associated virus, serotype 1 (AAV1), as a tool to achieve robust, anterograde transsynaptic spread in a variety of unidirectional pathways. A protocol for performing intracranial AAV1 injections in mice is presented, along with additional guidance for planning experiments, sourcing materials, and optimizing the approach to achieve the most successful outcomes. By following the methods presented here, researchers will be able to reveal postsynaptically connected neurons downstream of a given AAV1 injection site and access these input‐defined cells for subsequent mapping, recording, and manipulation to characterize their anatomical and functional properties. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Stereotaxic injection of AAV1 for anterograde transsynaptic spread