bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОЦІНКА ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ ЯКОСТІ ЖИТТЯ У ТРАНСКОРДОННИХ СУБРЕГІОНАХ
Authors: ЖУК Петро
Published: February 2021

Узагальнено результати опрацювань наявних теоретико-аналітичних матеріалів щодо вимірювання якості життя, виявлено їх спрямованість переважно на оцінювання якості життя на макрорівні для міжнародних порівнянь. Обґрунтовано й запропоновано методичні прийоми з оцінювання екологічної безпеки як складової якості життя на рівні адміністративних субрегіонів сусідніх країн: суб’єктивного оцінювання на основі соціологічного дослідження із застосуванням анкетування та об’єктивного оцінювання з вибором репрезентативних, порівняльних, достовірних оціночних показників, обґрунтуванням їх нормативних значень і проведенням розрахунків індексів екологічної безпеки. Наведено результати апробації запропонованих методичних прийомів з висвітленням суб’єктивних і отриманих на основі кількісних показників, адаптованих до системи офіційної статистики України та Польщі об’єктивних оцінок екологічної складової якості життя в досліджуваних транскордонних субрегіонах – Жовківському, Сокальському, Яворівському районах Львівської області України та Любачівському, Перемишльському, Ярославському повітах Підкарпатського воєводства Польщі. Виявлено суттєві диспропорції не на користь вітчизняних субрегіонів у рівнях екологічної безпеки за результатами об’єктивної оцінки, що певною мірою згладжується при суб'єктивному оцінюванні через його залежність від специфіки ціннісних настанов і орієнтирів та екологічної обізнаності респондентів. Зроблено висновки щодо взаємодоповнюваності результатів суб’єктивного й об’єктивного оцінювання екологічної безпеки, високої оцінки респондентами важливості екологічної безпеки як складової якості життя, впливу асиметрії екологічної безпеки на результати її суб’єктивної оцінки, зокрема, стосовно пріоритетності захисту і збереження тих чи інших компонентів природного довкілля, націлених на вирішення цих завдань.
MODELING OF THE ANISOTROPY OF THE SPECIFIC ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE ARISING AT LOCAL COMPRESSION BY BIPOLAR WELDING ELECTRODES
Authors:   E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine. 11, Kazimir Malevich Str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Lankin Yu.М. , Soloviev V.G. ,   E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine. 11, Kazimir Malevich Str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Romanova I.Y. ,   E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine. 11, Kazimir Malevich Str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

Current publications on bipolar welding use the electrical characteristics of uncompressed biological tissue. This reduces the accuracy of calculating the distribution of the density of the flowing currents and the strength of the electric fields in the zone of the fabric to be welded when it is squeezed. The aim of the work is to show a methodology for calculating the change in the specific electrical conductivity of biological tissue under local compression by electrodes and the effect of this factor on the results of modeling electrical processes of biological welding. A geometric interpretation of the change in the electrical conductivity of the pig's heart muscle when squeezed by bipolar welding electrodes in relative units is proposed. The principle of similarity of the geometric parameters of the physical experiment and the graphic model of COMSOL multyphysics is used, as a result of which the dependences of the three main geometric parameters of the model on the magnitude of the relative compression are determined. The method of successive approximations of the values of the total electrical resistance of biological tissue in a physical experiment at frequencies of 0,3, 30, and 300 kHz and the calculated resistances on the model with a change in the basic geometric parameters of specific electrical conductivity was used. A model of bipolar welding of biological tissues is obtained, which takes into account the anisotropy factor of the electrical conductivity of biological tissue under compression. Some results of investigations of the regularities of the current flow in the tissue, taking into account the arising anisotropy, are presented. References 12, figures 5, tables 4.
EXCITATION OF A PULSE ELECTROMECHANICAL CONVERTER OF ELECTRODYNAMIC TYPE FROM A TWO-SECTION CAPACITOR ENERGY STORAGE
Authors:   National Technical University ", Bolyukh V.F. ,   Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute",   , st. Kirpicheva, 2, Kharkov, 61002, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

A mathematical model of a pulsed electromechanical converter (PEC) of electrodynamic type has been developed, in which the solutions of the equations are presented in a recurrent form, which, when numerically implemented, allows taking into account the interrelated electrical, magnetic, mechanical and thermal processes and their nonlinear parameters. While maintaining the total energy of the pulsed source, the influence of the distribution of energy between the two sections of the capacitive energy storage (CES) and the voltage at which the additional section of the CES is connected was established. When operating in an accelerating mode, the largest amplitude of electrodynamic forces (EDF) and maximum speed occur in the basic version of the PEC, which is excited only from the main section of the CES, and the most effective is the PEC with the smallest capacity of the main section of the CES, and its maximum value is 2.61 higher than for the basic version of the PEC. When operating in the shock-power mode, compared with the basic version of the PEC, the amplitude of the EDF decreases. The most effective is the PEC with the smallest capacity of the main section of the CES, and its maximum value is 5.17 higher than that of the basic version of the PEC. Experimental studies of the PEC in the shock-power mode established that the oscillograms of the voltage of the CES and the current of the PEC correspond to the calculated characteristics, and their main indicators are consistent with each other with an accuracy of 5-7%. References 16, figures 6.
FORMATION OF THE INFORMATIONAL SUPPORTING FOR MANAGEMENT OF POWER GENERATION AND DELIVERY ON THE COGENERATION POWER PLANT IN THE LIBERALIZED ELECTRICITY MARKET
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine ", Kotsar O. ,   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute",   , pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Rasko I. ,   Educational-Scientific-Production Complex-ETU” Ltd., Heroiv UPA str., 73, build. 10, Lviv, 79041, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

The liberalization of the electricity market aims at the most complete repletion of consumer needs for electricity and quality power supply, which requires the adaptive management of an energy using both by demand side and by the electricity producers – power plants. The successful solution of this task provides, in particular, for using the effective methods and reliable means for the formation of the informational support for the tasks of managing the power generation and delivery on the power plants in order to ensure conforming in real time the market power bids to current demand side asks. The article proposes a methodology, describes the implemented tools and analyzes the experience of managing the power generation and delivery on the cogeneration power plant based on the information which formed by the automated system for control, metering and energy management in the conditions of functioning of the liberalized electricity market of Ukraine. References 10, figures 5.
IMPROVING THE ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF AIR TEMPERATURE ON THE OVERALL ELECTRICAL LOAD OF THE POWER SYSTEM TO IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF SHORT-TERM FORECASTING
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Chernenko P.O. , Sychova V.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

Based on the research, the article presents three algorithms that allow to select from the overall electrical load (OEL) of the power system technological and temperature components in each hour of the daily schedule, which provides greater accuracy of short-term forecasting (STF) OEL of the power system. Calculations by three algorithms were performed according to Kyivenerho. The analysis of reading temperature sensors on four sources from the point of view of possibility of their application at STF is carried out. References 6, figures 3, tables 3.
CORRECTION OF ERRORS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING ELECTRIC POWER PARAMETERS
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Karasinskiy O.L. , Tesyk Yu.F. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

A study of methods for correcting amplitude and phase errors in devices for measuring the parameters of electric power with digital signal processing with a sampling frequency multiple of the network frequency was made. The generalized flow diagram of measuring device that consists of a few entrance channels was presented. Mathematical expositions that explain the process of correction of additive and multiplicative errors are given. Through a temporal diagram a few variants of encoding of entrance signals are shown. The possibility of correcting phase errors by shifting the moment of the ADC start-up and by turning the axes and transforming the coordinates of the voltage and current vectors is shown. The possibility of correction when measuring the reactive and reactive powers is investigated. Referencese 11, table 1, figures 5.
Hares and rabbits (Leporidae) in collection of the Šariš Museum, Bardejov (Slovakia)
Authors:   University of Prešov, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences (Prešov, Slovakia), Csanády Alexander
Published: February 2021

The Natural History Department of the Šariš Museum, Bardejov, Slovakia, was established in 1956 by PhMr. Tibor Weisz. The mammal collection consists of more than 5 000 specimens of 67 mammal species of the Slovakian fauna. The museum mostly represents the fauna of north-eastern Slovakia, i.e. the transition area between the Eastern and Western Carpathians and adjacent to the northernmost part of the Pannonian Basin. In the paper, data are presented on hare and rabbit specimens deposited in the collection of the Šariš Museum in Bardejov (SMB), Slovakia. In total, data were evaluated on 27 specimens of the brown hare (Lepus europaeus) from twelve sites of Slovakia (n = 19), one site of Czech Silesia (n = 1), and from unknow localities (n = 7). Individuals were acquired in 1958–1971, but mainly in 1965–1966 (n = 19, 70.4 %). Among them, one specimen had signs of „albinism“ and was collected from Zlaté village. The collection also includes a skull of a brown hare with anomalous dentition. Similarly, two skulls of the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) obtained from the Danish preparator N. H. Gustaffson were evaluated. Three rabit specimens were also found in the collection, including two skulls of the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and a skin-mount and skull of a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus forma domestica). The collection contains 20 adult specimens (15 males and 5 females) with body size values recorded in the protocol cards. Mammalogical collections in the Šariš Museum in Bardejov represent an outstanding scientific time capsule. All stored specimens in this particular and other similar collections, including those in local museums, will largely be needed and used as datasets by ecologists and conservationists in the future. It is necesary to preserve the collections, to computerise and digitise their inventories and the wealth of information they represent. At present, most of these data are not accessible electronically or online. Therefore, such collections, including that in Bardejov, must be sustained for a long term, which will require increased funding for their physical and scientific preservation.
A historical, etymological, and biogeographical study of Ukrainian names of mammals of the genus Spermophilus (Mammalia)
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Zagorodniuk Igor , Kharchuk Sergiy ,   Ukrainian Theriological Society, Kyiv Group (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the results of investigation of distribution of common names of mammals belonging to the genus Spermophilus in space and time, among which the name “ховрах” [khovrakh] is the sole name of the species in the current Ukrainian nomenclature. However, in fact, the name “сусел” [susel] and other derived variants with the root “sus-” are used in all adjacent Slavonic languages (Polish, Belarusian, Slovak, and Russian). The modern vernacular name of the genus Spermophilus — “ховрах” [khovrakh] — is etymologically different and unique compared to vernacular names of Spermophilus in other Slavonic languages. The ancient Ukrainian name of these animals used in chronicles was “сусол” [susol], and later “сусел” [susel] and “суслик” [suslik]. In the 19th century, names from the two designated by us etymological groups “суслик” [suslik] and “ховрах” [khovrakh] were used simultaneously (those from the latter group often without the first consonant “г” [h] or “х” [kh]). The use of names in the 19th century had a more or less clear geographic split: “ховрах” [khovrakh] in Left-Bank Ukraine and “суслик” [suslik] in Right-Bank Ukraine and the Crimea. Later, the animals almost disappeared in the west and the north of the country, so did the names of the etymological group “суслик” [suslik] along with several dozens of variants of the current name “ховрах” [khovrakh], including “оврашок” [ovrashok] and “ховрашок” [khovrashok], the latter being widely used in the early 20th century. A review of several hypotheses (including those proposed by the authors) regarding the origin of the names of the groups “суслик” [suslik] and “ховрах” [khovrakh] are given, among which we support the diminutive of the current name (i.e., “ховрашок” [khovrashok] and its variants) as primary. Cherkasy and Poltava regions should be considered the areas of formation of the animals’ name with the first consonant “г” [h] or “х” [kh]. The review of the history of formation and distribution of the vernacular names allows considering our hypothesis on the successive migration of both species and their names in the space valid (names naturally followed the species). It confirms the idea proposed by the authors earlier that each name had to be formed as locally spread and only subsequently be “amplified” on a wider range due to dispersal of either species or respective practice of naming.
Finds of the fat dormouse (Glis glis) in cave-type shelters in the Middle Dnister Region
Authors:   Dnistrovsky Canyon National Nature Park (Zalischyky, Ukraine), Vikyrchak Oleksandr , Ploshchansky Petro ,   Dnistrovsky Canyon National Nature Park (Zalischyky, Ukraine)
Published: February 2021

The Middle Dnister Region (left bank and right bank of the Dnister from the mouth of the Zolota Lypa River in the northwest to the mouth of the Zbruch River in the southeast) has a complex geological structure and richness of geomorphological forms: limestone, gypsum and sandstone outcrops, travertine rocks and forms of karst origin. This determines the richness of the fauna of troglophilic species. This report presents cases of observation of the fat dormouse in cave-type shelters, both natural (karst caves, cavities in the outcrops of Albian and Cenomanian limestones and travertines) and artificial origin (abandoned basements, stone foundations, etc.). These facilities provide animals with shelters for rest and reproduction. They are usually located on hard-to-reach steep slopes in canyon-like river valleys, where the level of disturbance of animals during various phases of their daily activity and annual life cycle is minimized. An important factor in the existence of populations of the studied species is the combination between complex geomorphological objects that provide shelters and a rich forage base. This is determined by the presence of forest and other tree and shrub vegetation, which includes nut species (hazel, wild walnut trees, beech) and berry and stone species (turf, viburnum, black viburnum, cherry, thorn, barberry). The information presented here on records of the fat dormouse (Glis glis) is not the result of purposeful research but it was accumulated in the process of describing geomorphological objects. Further research using special techniques and appropriate instrumentation would allow us to expand our understanding of the ecological requirements of the fat dormouse to the conditions of existence, which would be the scientific basis for environmental management of this species. However, current data on 13 records at 11 sites also provide clarity on the use of shelters by dormice.
Umbilical Cord Management at Term and Late Preterm Birth: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Gomersall Judith , Berber Slavica , Middleton Philippa , McDonald Susan J. , Niermeyer Susan , El-Naggar Walid , Davis Peter G. , Schmölzer Georg M. , Ovelman Colleen , Soll Roger F. ,   ON BEHALF OF THE INTERNATIONAL LIAISON COMMITTEE ON RESUSCITATION NEONATAL LIFE SUPPORT TASK FORCE
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT:

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation prioritized scientific review of umbilical cord management at term and late preterm birth.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess effects of umbilical cord management strategies (clamping timing and cord milking) in infants ≥34 weeks’ gestational age.

DATA SOURCES:

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and trial registries searched July 2019.

STUDY SELECTION:

Two authors independently assessed eligibility of randomized controlled trials.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two authors independently extracted data and assessed evidence certainty (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluations).

RESULTS:

We identified 46 studies (9159 women and their infants) investigating 7 comparisons. Compared with early cord clamping (ECC) <30 seconds, delayed cord clamping (DCC) ≥30 seconds (33 studies), intact-cord milking (1 study), and cut-cord milking (2 studies) probably improve hematologic measures but may not affect survival without neurodisability, anemia in early infancy, or maternal postpartum hemorrhage. No differences in major neonatal morbidities are seen in studies comparing methods of optimizing placental transfusion (DCC versus cut-cord milking [3 studies], longer delays in clamping [7 studies], or physiologic parameters [3 studies]). Strategies that promote increased placental transfusion may be associated with greater phototherapy use. Evidence for all outcomes was low or very low certainty.

LIMITATIONS:

Incompleteness and low certainty of findings limit applicability.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with ECC, DCC or cord milking increases hemoglobin and hematocrit immediately after birth in infants ≥34 weeks’ gestational age. The uncertain effects of DCC and cord milking compared with ECC on major morbidities limit usefulness of available evidence for policy and practice.
Phenobarbital and Clonidine as Secondary Medications for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Merhar Stephanie L. , Ounpraseuth Songthip , Devlin Lori A. , Poindexter Brenda B. , Young Leslie W. , Berkey Sean D. , Crowley Moira , Czynski Adam J. , Kiefer Autumn S. , Whalen Bonny L. , Das Abhik , Fuller Janell F. , Higgins Rosemary D. , Thombre Vaishali , Lester Barry M. , Smith P. Brian , Newman Sarah , Sánchez Pablo J. , Smith M. Cody , Simon Alan E. ,   FOR THE EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NEONATAL RESEARCH NETWORK AND THE NIH ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON CHILD HEALTH OUTCOMES (ECHO) PROGRAM INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AWARDS STATES PEDIATRIC CLINICAL TRIALS NETWORK
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Despite the neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) epidemic in the United States, evidence is limited for pharmacologic management when first-line opioid medications fail to control symptoms. The objective with this study was to evaluate outcomes of infants receiving secondary therapy with phenobarbital compared with clonidine, in combination with morphine, for the treatment of NOWS.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of infants with NOWS from 30 hospitals. The primary outcome measures were the length of hospital stay, duration of opioid treatment, and peak morphine dose. Outcomes were compared by group by using analysis of variance and multivariable linear regression controlling for relevant confounders.

RESULTS:

Of 563 infants with NOWS treated with morphine, 32% (n = 180) also received a secondary medication. Seventy-two received phenobarbital and 108 received clonidine. After adjustment for covariates, length of hospital stay was 10 days shorter, and, in some models, duration of morphine treatment was 7.5 days shorter in infants receiving phenobarbital compared with those receiving clonidine, with no difference in peak morphine dose. Infants were more likely to be discharged from the hospital on phenobarbital than clonidine (78% vs 29%, P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Among infants with NOWS receiving morphine and secondary therapy, those treated with phenobarbital had shorter length of hospital stay and shorter morphine treatment duration than clonidine-treated infants but were discharged from the hospital more often on secondary medication. Further investigation is warranted to determine if the benefits of shorter hospital stay and shorter duration of morphine therapy justify the possible neurodevelopmental consequences of phenobarbital use in infants with NOWS.
Rapid Implementation of Telehealth Services in a Pediatric Pulmonary Clinic During COVID-19
Authors: Davis Jaclyn , Gordon Rachel , Hammond Adam , Perkins Ryan , Flanagan Frances , Rabinowitz Elliot , Simoneau Tregony , Sawicki Gregory S.
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES

The coronavirus pandemic created significant, abrupt challenges to the delivery of ambulatory health care. Because tertiary medical centers limited elective in-person services, telehealth was rapidly enacted in settings with minimal previous experience to allow continued access to care. With this quality improvement (QI) initiative, we aimed to achieve a virtual visit volume of at least 75% of our prepandemic volume. We also describe patient and provider experience with telehealth services.

METHODS

Our QI team identified the primary drivers contributing to low telehealth volume and developed a telehealth scheduling protocol and data tracking system using QI-based strategies. Patients and providers were surveyed on their telehealth experience.

RESULTS

At the onset of the pandemic, weekly visit volume dropped by 65% (99 weekly visits; historical average of 281). Over the subsequent 3 weeks, using rapid Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, we achieved our goal volume. In surveys, it was indicated that most participants had never before used telehealth (71% of patients; 82% of providers) yet reported high satisfaction (90% of patients; 81% of providers). Both groups expressed concern over the lack of in-person assessments. Most respondents were interested in future use of telehealth.

CONCLUSIONS

With a QI-based approach, we successfully maintained access to care via telehealth services for pediatric pulmonary patients during the coronavirus pandemic and found high rates of satisfaction among patients and providers. Telehealth will likely continue to be a part of our health care delivery platform, expanding the reach of our services. Further work is needed to understand the effects on clinical outcomes.
Cena e obsceno em O beijo no asfalto, de Nelson Rodrigues
Authors: Guimarães Jonatas Aparecido
Published: February 2021

Este artigo propõe uma análise da peça O beijo no asfalto, de Nelson Rodrigues, sob a ótica dos conceitos de cena e de obscenidade. Essa peça se estrutura em torno de um escândalo causado pelo fato de o personagem Arandir beijar um homem que agonizava no asfalto após ser atropelado, o que feria os códigos morais instituídos à época. Contudo, observa-se que, na peça, esse escândalo não está relacionado apenas com a transgressão moral, mas principalmente com a própria encenação. Nesse sentido, nota-se que a peça agencia diversas encenações, as quais são apresentadas como elementos constituintes da ordem social. Assim, a obscenidade advinda das diversas encenações que se sobrepõem parecem colocar em jogo o fato de se estar dentro/fora de cena, ou do acúmulo de representações.
A poética do mar
Authors: Moreira Rodrigues Edimilson , Carvalho dos Santos Paulo Henrique
Published: February 2021

Este artigo pretende dialogar com a poesia africana expressa em língua portuguesa, tendo o mar como metáfora de entrelugar. E, para isso, partilhamos nossas experiências de leitores de poesia, cujo objeto versará sobre o texto como pretexto de lugar – quer seja de chegada, de partida, ou mesmo de lugar nenhum: “Este convite a toda a hora/ que o Mar nos faz para a evasão!/ Este desespero de querer partir/ e ter que ficar!”(BARBOSA, 1975, p.22), desenhando o Mar como pátria imaginária. O velejar terá, quase sempre, o desfraldar de alguns excertos das poesias que adernam, aderem, ou tangenciam o mar como poética que seja reveladora da “mesmíssima angústia [...] perto ou à distância” do sentimento do homem de África.
“Caínes despiadados… Caínes invasores”. La invasión del 10 de diciembre de 1948 a Costa Rica en perspectiva nacional y transnacional
Authors: Ugalde Quesada Alexia
Published: February 2021

Este artículo estudia la invasión del 10 de diciembre de 1948 a Costa Rica en sus dimensiones de conflicto nacional, es decir, como consecuencia de la guerra civil del mismo año y de conflicto transnacional que involucra a otros países de la región así como la intervención de la Organización de Estados Americanos. Para ello se consultaron fuentes históricas del Archivo Nacional de Costa Rica, documentos de la Central Intelligence Agency y de los Archivos Nacionales de los Estados Unidos, así como prensa. Se plantea que durante la posguerra costarricense la violencia política permaneció debido a que los vencedores crearon instituciones y legislación para perseguir a sus enemigos, lo que a su vez causó una inminente invasión.

 

Palabras claves: Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Legión Caribe, comunistas, Cruz Roja, Organización de Estados Americanos, TIAR.
La pertenencia centroamericana: Belice entre países vecinos
Authors: Correa Angulo Carlos , Ramírez Romero Aïda
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza factores externos que incidieron en la formación del Estado nación beliceño desde una perspectiva regional. Resalta las relaciones poco trabajadas en los estudios sociales de la región, entre Belice y Centroamérica. Entre los factores que contribuyeron a construir estas relaciones se mencionan: i) la producción del territorio en medio de disputas e intereses coloniales entre España e Inglaterra, ii) las migraciones sucesivas que tuvieron lugar en Belice y configuraron una sociedad pluriétnica y multicultural, afianzando sus nexos con centroamericana y iii) las disputas fronterizas con Guatemala que provocaron una suerte de externalización de sus efectos tanto en su representación de pertenencia a la región, como en su inclusión dentro de los estudios sociales centroamericanos.
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS ACCORDING TO ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS OF MALE STUDENTS IN THE TRAKIA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Angelova Petya
Published: February 2021

It is currently considered that health assessment systems should include a complex of morphological, functional, psychological indicators of the state of the organism. The aim of the research is analyzing the development of the physical structure of male university students considering the anthropometric indicators height, weight and chest.
Materials and methods - the research is conducted of 2017/2018 at Trakia University in Bulgaria. We used the anthropometric method. Those indicators are used for calculating the Pine’s Index, Erisman’s Index, The Index of Brugsh and Indicator for body development. Results: The biggest part from the students with the most strongly developed bodies (85.96%), calculated by the index of Pine. The evaluation of the chest development is calculated by means of the thoracic-growth index of Burgsh - relative part of students with wide chest is the biggest - 50%. According to the Index of Erisman, whouses the indicators of height and chest to determine their development, the relative portion of students with good development of the latter is 85.93%. Conclusion: predominant are the students of normotonic and athletic type, with good development of chest, even reaching significant levels of broad-chest size and strong body development.
Theakston, B. (2018). Miscarriage and early baby loss: Caring for yourself and others.
Authors: Peall Linda
Published: February 2021

Theakston, B. (2018). Miscarriage and early baby loss: Caring for yourself and others. Chawton: Redemptorist Publications. 58 pp. (Pbk). ISBN: 9780852315163.
The Afterlife of Poetics
Authors:   Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland, Korwin-Piotrowska Dorota
Published: February 2021

The article presents contemporary debates concerning poetics, the heritage of structuralism as well as new research areas. It presents some of the fundamental arguments against poetics in its traditional sense and attempts to analyse and problematize them. In conclusion, the author postulates adopting a changed attitude towards the current terminology, including practical aspects in the study of poetics and also maintaining a multidimensional development of the discipline.
Contact and Conflict: Polish-Jewish Contact Zone
Authors:   Jagiellonian Univeristy in Kraków, Poland, Prokop-Janiec Eugenia
Published: February 2021

The article suggests using the category of the contact zone adopted from postcolonial studies in research on borderland, which - in turn - allows researchers to describe the phenomenon of the frontier. According to Pratt, contact zone may be understood as the space of cooperation and competition, coexistence and antagonism, contact and conflict of groups. The aim of the article is to analyse the representations of borderland in Polish-Jewish prose of the 1930s (including the novels published in the mass-circulation press). We shall focus on the motives that stand behind the conflictive communication. It is worth noting that in the literary renditions, interactions between Poles and Jews easily transform into conflicts. Conflictive communication appears in various places (e.g. school, street, neighbourhood), forms (nicknames, arguments, pogrom cries) and functions (from initiating and escalating tensions to riots and murders). As a result, the contact zone transforms into a conflict zone.
The Image of the United States in the Published Correspondence of Czesław Miłosz Written Between 1945 and 1950
Authors:   The Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, Kołodziejczyk Ewa
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the image of the United States depicted in Czesław Miłosz’s correspondence coming from the years 1945-1950. The author of the article refers to the circumstances that led the poet to taking up a job as a diplomat and analyses a variety of opinions on that decision circulating among both Polish and émigré writers. The letters discussed reflect the culture shock and the slow process of acclimatization that the poet went through; his way of perceiving and trying to understand America. The article also focuses on the role Miłosz played as a mediator between the Old and the New Worlds, translating American literature into Polish and trying to popularize Polish culture in the US.
Homo Holocaustus, or Autobiographical Female Experience of the Holocaust
Authors:   University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, Żórawska-Janik Natalia
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to present the motif of the Shoah in female autobiographcial prose after the year 2000. The paper shows that, in recent years, more and more female authors in the second and third post-Holocaust generations have been recording their traumatic experience, and that the reason for it lies in the social stigmatization of Jewish people. It is stressed here that the issues of the Holocaust are part and parcel of a cultural taboo and – similarly to female written prose – they are frequently ignored or evaluated negatively. The Holocaust issues are tackled by contemporary young writers of Jewish descent who – contrary to the previous generation authors – have not experienced the mass murder of Jews; nevertheless, they feel its effects today. This paper proves that the research into trauma studies is not really conducted in Poland, and paying attention to a female viewpoint is very rare. The examples referred to in the paper of the autobiographical novels by Ewa Kuryluk, Agata Tuszyńska, Roma Ligocka and Magdalena Tulli demonstrate that this kind of writing is becoming more and more important within the literature focused on the Shoah. Compared to the autobiographical fiction by Marek Bieńczyk, Jan Tomasz Gross and Michał Głowiński, female Holocaust stories are distinguished by their authenticity, emotionality, intimacy and honesty of narration. The stories are devoid of any pathos, and they highlight the figure of a mother. Moreover, their confessions are based on the physical feeling of the legacy which has remained in their hearts and minds after the trauma that their loved ones had to experience. An attempt to describe prose post-Holocaust prose is made in comparison to Jewish literature in Poland, drawing the reader’s attention to the characteristic features of these issues compared to the autobiographical works by men.
Kresy (Polish Eastern Borderlands) in Polish Literature of 1918–2018. Significant Interpretative Perspectives
Authors:   University of Rzeszów, Poland, Uliasz Stanisław
Published: February 2021

The paper offers a comprehensive, synthetic account of the discourse on the subject of the Polish Eastern Borderland over the course of the last hundred years. It analyses the ways in which the understanding of the notion of Kresy and “borderland”, as well as the strategies for presenting the term, have changed, including attempts to replace this category with other terms. Furthermore, the paper characterises the dynamics concerning the transformations of situational contexts that emerged in the period of the Second Polish Republic, developed during World War II, after 1945 (in the country and abroad) and continuing from the 1980s and 1990s to the present. Significant interpretative perspectives include, among others, the trends in literary schools, the legends and myths of the Polish Eastern Borderland, the notion of the borderline of cultures, small homelands, and methodological phrases and breakthroughs (spatial turn, geopoetics, postcolonial criticism).
“The Last One Turns the Light off”. Polish Prose after the Year 2000 in the Context of EU Migration
Authors:   University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, Nęcka Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

This article focuses on the emigration/migration issue depicted in Polish literature written after the year 2000. The examples discussed prove that we are dealing with two variants in the depiction of emigrants’ experience. On the one hand, we can talk about a positive pattern where emigration is treated as an adventure, perceived as breaking free from the existing obligations and imposed rigours. On the other hand, one may find several negative patterns, in which emigration is a necessary evil. The author notices a clear gender difference in the presentation of the emigrant experience: male narratives tend to be more depressing, presenting the protagonists as degenerated and humiliated, while female authors drift towards “chick lit,” depicting their protagonists as developing professionally and emotionally.
“I Did Not Know Then...” Two Autothematic Poems
Authors:   University of Rzeszów, Poland, Pasterski Janusz
Published: February 2021

The author discusses the autothematic motifs in the poems „Sitowie” by Julian Tuwim and „Przeciwne wiatry” by Tomasz Różycki. The author analyses both poems and compares the transformations of the autothematic motifs, emphasizing the connections with literary tradition and the dialogue of the poets’ artistic attitudes. In both literary works the key problem is the relation between words and things.
The Writings of Jakub Susza (Jacob Susha). A Page from the History of Uniate Literature in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th Century
Authors:   The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland, Pawlak Wiesław
Published: February 2021

The article presents the writings of Jakub Susza (Jacob Susha, c. 1610– 1687), the Uniate bishop of Chełm 1652–1687. His most important works: the Latin biographies of Josaphat Kuntsevych (Cursus vitae et certamen martyrii b. Iosaphat Kuncevicii..., Rome 1665) and Meletius Smotrytsky (Saulus et Paulus Ruthenae Unionis sanguine beati Iosaphat transformatus sive Meletius Smotriscius..., Rome 1666) and the history of the revered icon of Our Lady of Chełm (Phoenix redivivus albo obraz starożytny chełmski Panny i Matki Przenajświętszej, Zamość 1646, Lvov 1653, Zamość 1694), all represent little-known literature written within the Uniate Church. Jakub Susza’s intellectual development, his education in Jesuit colleges in Braniewo, Pultusk and Olomouc, and the characteristic features of his works (the consistent use of Polish and Latin as literary languages, the use of western Latin and Polish literary models) contribute to his image as an example of latinisation and occidentalisation (which at that time meant polonisation) of higher Uniate clergy in the Commonwealth, though as a bishop he took care to preserve the religious identity of the Eastern church.
“This Emigrant Fate of His”: On Włodzimierz Odojewski’s Short Story Collection „…i poniosły konie"
Authors:   University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, Dutka Elżbieta
Published: February 2021

Włodzimierz Odojewski is one of the most famous émigré writers who still deals with the topic of emigration, even in his books published long after his both symbolic and real return to the homeland. Significant extension and dwelling on the said topic can be observed in the book „…i poniosły koine” […and the horses bolted]. The aim of this paper is to provide an interpretation of the short stories gathered in the volume (published in 2006) from the perspective of the biographical context, the rest of Odojewski’s writings, as well as his opinions on various aspects of exile. Such interpretation reveals a more existential and internalized dimension of emigration but also its universal meanings. Thus, emigration is considered to be a metaphor of human fate.
Notes about Czerniawski
Authors:   University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, Kisiel Marian
Published: February 2021

The article constitutes a collection of notes related to the lesser known and rarely commented works by an émigré writer – Adam Czerniawski: his poems translated into English, short texts of literary criticism, short novels and his memoirs. Modern Polish prose is still frequently treated as a ciphertext, of interest only to a limited number of readers who revel in this labyrinth of thoughts. It may seem that at the end of the 20th century – a period so involved in the debate about the traditional understanding of literature – avant-garde variants of prose should be understandable for everyone or, at least, that literary criticism would assign them to the appropriate level in the hierarchy of modern forms. However, the situation turned out to be different. The prose model imposed by Positivism still remains predominant in the habits and tastes of both literary critics and readers, and only recently has this model been questioned. As a result, the short novels by Czerniawski have not yet been sufficiently analysed. Reminiscent of Gombrowicz, these texts can be seen as absolute stories. The feature of absoluteness is visible at all their levels: origin, narration, reading. Everything is possible, yet nothing is accidental or random. However, limiting these narratives to only avant-garde rules would, without a doubt, distort their sense. Czerniawski’s prose also uses the infinite potential of the grotesque, plays with its own language, thus making it into an undoubtedly philosophical Ding an sich. The prose was also written in order to face traditional sanctities such as, for instance, the incorrigible “Polishness” that glorifies old symbols and sees a divine influence in them. Finally, Czerniawski’s prose is based on the “common sense” that can be found in numerous amusing contexts of the surrounding world.
Pius Vates
Authors:   Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, Cracow, Poland, Borowski Andrzej
Published: February 2021

The question dealt with in the paper is as follows: to what extent might the notion of “religious literature” be functional if applied both to the early modern literature and the contemporary literary culture? Does it mean “sacred literature,” simply opposed to the “secular” one, whatever it might mean? The author’s suggestion is to use the notion of “religious literature” more consistently, depending strictly on the liturgical functions of the text (e.g. of prayers, hymns or homilies), while the term “sacred literature” should be used only with reference to the so-called “Sacred Books,” i.e. the Revelation recognized in a given religious system. The sense of the terms “pious literature” or “pious poet,” however, should be much broader, going beyond the limitations of religious functions of the text and reflecting a quasi-prophetic intellectual and moral status of the writer.
Typographical Variants of the “Brest Bible”
Authors:   Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland, Siess-Krzyszkowski Stanisław
Published: February 2021

The issue that is the main focus of this paper has not been of great interest to bibliology scholars. Even though one version of the “Brest Bible”, marked as B, was described quite thoroughly by Feliks Bentkowski already two hundred years ago, the catalogue descriptions have until today been based upon the scheme formulated by Karol Estreicher (senior). He identified three versions of the “Brest Bible”, which differ only in the title page. The fact is that there are only two versions, A and B, in existence, which differ in the first gathering (*) or (very rarely) in the first two gatherings (*, **). The gatherings of version B were established to have been printed in the 1580s or 1590s in Jan Karcan’s press in Vilnius. Apparently, a certain number of the Old Testament gatherings A–Y were typeset and printed in Brest in 1563. There is only one extant complete copy of it with the newly printed gatherings, whereas in the remaining dozen or so copies that have survived it is only one, or rarely, two gatherings, and sometimes only single leaves. The search for versions of the Bible also made it possible to compile a list of 135 copies of the “Brest Bible” stored today in public, monastic and church collections in Europe and North America.
Fortune-telling Predictions in the Light of Faith and Reason. Religious Aspects of „Informacya matematyczna” by Wojciech Bystrzonowski
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland, Raubo Grzegorz
Published: February 2021

This article is focused on the criticism of the prophecies presented by Wojciech Bystrzonowski, an encyclopaedist and populariser of science, in his work „Informacya matematyczna” [Mathematical Information] (1743, 1749). The author discusses prophecies of sorcerers, physiognomy, palmistry, prophetic dreams and astrological predictions. He examines the cases of magical practices combined with religious beliefs, which he regards as dangerous manifestations of superstition. He also demonstrates that fortune-telling cannot be compatible with faith or the fundamental principles of rational reasoning. Furthermore, he emphasizes that for a critical evaluation of such predictions, the Jesuit rules for the discernment of spirits can be applied. The issues addressed in Bystrzonowski’s work are characteristic of the atmosphere of the intellectual change that took place in late Baroque and early Enlightenment.
Development of a Methodology for Measuring Intellectual Capital in an Organization
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics (Samara, Russian Federation), Naumova Olga A. , Voropai Alina Yu. ,   Samara State University of Economics (Samara, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

Currently, due to the intensive development of intellectual capital, it is becoming the pillar of innovative and high-tech development. Intellectual capital includes such elements as knowledge, skills, qualifications, abilities, mental abilities, employee experience – they maximize profits and other economic and technical results. To improve intellectual capital, innovative, scientific and technical centers and multifunctional centers of applied expertise, sites, educational and technological complexes are being created; corporate programs for employees’ advanced training and self-development are being launched; professional standards are being introduced; new mechanisms of employees’ material and non-material motivation and incentives are being developed; research and development are being funded; corporate-wide contests of professional excellence are being held; talent pools (personnel reserves) are being formed. In this regard, a need arises in society for measuring intellectual capital correctly, for obtaining accurate results and applying the obtained data efficiently, that is, for raising the level of intellectual capital of enterprises in the future. The article compares various methods for measuring the intellectual capital of an organization, identifies the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods, as well as the features of their application. Based on the formulated recommendations, using the methods of market capitalization on the example of Kamaz and KuibyshevAzot companies, the ways of improving the methodology to obtain the most reliable result are proposed.