bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispersive solid–liquid phase microextraction based on nanomagnetic Preyssler heteropolyacid: A novel method for the preconcentration of nortriptyline
Authors: Es'haghi Zarrin , Hooshmand Sara
Published: February 2015

In this study, a new, simple, rapid, and efficient method combined with ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis was developed for the extraction and determination of nortriptyline. The tendency of the Preyssler tungsten heteropolyacid, H14[NaP5W30O110], immobilized on the surface of mesoporous nanomagnetite to adsorb the drug from the solution has been investigated. This method involves the use of an appropriate mixture of nanosorbent that was homogenized in disperser solvent (1.0 mL, ethanol). At first, the mixture containing the nanomagnetic sorbent and disperser solvent was injected into the aqueous sample, and a cloudy solution was formed. Subsequently, separation of the two phases was carried out using a magnet. In the second stage, analyte was desorbed from the sorbent by methanol as the optimal desorption solvent using sonication method. The elution solvent containing enriched analyte was introduced to the instruments for further analysis. Optimization of experimental conditions with respect to the extraction efficiency was investigated. The method was linear in the range of 25–5000, while the detection limit (LOD = 3SB/m) was 7.9 ng/mL and the limit of quantification (LOQ = 10SB/m) was 26.4 ng/mL. The relative standard deviation was 4.66%. The method was successfully applied to human hair samples.
“A disorder which occurs on standing”: The Earliest Account of Orthostatic Tremor by Pazzaglia
Authors: Erro Roberto , Antelmi Elena , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: February 2015

The earliest account of orthostatic tremor (OT) dates back to 1970, when Pazzaglia and colleagues reported on three patients with a peculiar disorder only occurring on standing. Although Pazzaglia et al. did not use the term OT, they first provided both the clinical and neurophysiological features of such a condition.
A compact ultraminiature coaxial fed antenna for WMTS biotelemetry applications
Authors: Ung Johnny , Karacolak Tutku
Published: February 2015

The primary objective of this study is to present a compact wideband implantable antenna operating in the wireless medical telemetry service (1395–1400 MHz, 1427–1432 MHz) bands. The proposed antenna has a compact size with dimensions of 8.7 mm × 5.05 mm × 1.27 mm. The simulated and measured −10 dB bandwidths are found to be 28% and 19%, respectively. The antenna is in vitro tested in a tissue mimicking solution approximating the electrical properties of human skin tissue. Results are compared with simulations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:987–992, 2015
A novel vivaldi antenna with extended ground plane stubs for ultrawideband applications
Authors: Wu Jiangniu , Zhao Zhiqin , Liu Qing‐Huo
Published: February 2015

In this letter, a compact printed Vivaldi antenna with two symmetrical extended ground plane stubs is presented. By extending the stubs from the ground plane, the low‐end bandwidth limitation of the antenna is extended to low frequencies and then the bandwidth is enlarged. To validate the proposed design, an antenna prototype is fabricated and tested. The measured results confirm that the modification presented in this letter is very effective without changing the overall dimensions of the antenna. The measured impedance bandwidth defined by S11 < −10 dB is from 2.45 to 15.2 GHz with a ratio of about 6.2:1. The measured gain is better than 4.2 dBi within the operating frequency band. In addition, a nearly constant group time delay is also achieved across the band of 2.4–16 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:983–987, 2015
Small‐size dual‐wideband monopole antenna with inductive and capacitive feeding branches for long term evolution tablet computer application
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Liao Zih‐Guang
Published: February 2015

A small‐size dual‐wideband monopole antenna for the long term evolution (LTE) operation in the tablet computer is presented. The antenna occupies a small ground clearance of 10 × 30 mm2 and is easy to implement by feeding a simple radiating portion through an inductive branch (inductor‐loaded branch) and a capacitive branch (capacitor‐loaded branch). The inductive branch mainly generates the antenna's lower band and leads to decreased resonant size for the antenna, while the capacitive branch is mainly for generating the antenna's higher band. By further aided by a simple matching network, both the antenna's lower and higher bands can have enhanced bandwidths. In this study, the antenna not only occupies a small ground clearance but also has a thin thickness of 3 mm only, and the obtained bandwidths can cover two wide bands of 698–960 and 1710–2690 MHz for the LTE operation. Details of the proposed antenna are presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:853–860, 2015
Mimo circular polarization array antenna with dual coupled 90° phased shift for point‐to‐point application
Authors: Nayan Mohd Khairul Azhar , Jamlos Mohd Faizal , Jamlos M. A.
Published: February 2015

This article presented a circle‐segmented multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) circular polarization (CP) array antenna with dual coupled 90° phased shift for 5.8 GHz Point‐to‐Point application. Convergence of CP capability within MIMO array antenna is successfully realized by two array of four circular‐segmented patch array radiating element that are fed by two RF ports. The MIMO CP array antenna with high gain performance is obtained through the dual coupled 90° phased shift that is connected to each circle‐segmented patch. The dual coupled 90° phased shift ensure the E‐field of circle‐segmented patches function is in 90° phase difference to the initial signals. Similarity between azimuth and elevation plane with axial ratio of 1.9 dB verified the proposed antenna's CP capability. In the mean time, correlation coefficient (ρ) of 1.2015 e − 4, diversity gain (Gapp) of 9.9999, S21 of −45.1 dB show the good isolation quality of the antenna in MIMO structure. The gain of 14.6 dB for each port is also recorded. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:809–814, 2015
Dual band antenna designing with composite right/left handed
Authors: Zarrabi Ferdows B. , Ahmadian Rahele , Rahimi Maryam , Mansouri Zahra
Published: February 2015

In this article, dual band antenna by implementation of composite right/left‐handed for UWB and WLAN application is presented with L shape ground. First antenna, has two resonances at 1.8 and 5.2 GHz for GSM 1800 and 5 GHz WLAN indoor application with omnidirectional pattern and It is fabricated on FR‐4 low cost substrate with dielectric constant ε = 4.4 and loss tangent of tan δ = 0.02. In the second antenna, first band support 2.38–2.48 GHz that covers the WLAN with omnidirectional pattern but the second operation band is between 4.18 and 9.85 GHz for covering WLAN and at this frequency, antenna has semidirectional pattern. The second antenna is printed on Taconic TLY‐5 low permittivity substrate with relative permittivity of 2.2. Maximum antenna gain between −2 and 4 dBi but second antenna shows low gain and it is in range of 1.4–3.3 dBi. Albeit, here, the results of simulated antenna design are compared with experimental results. The current distribution shows that how these CRLH cells have helped for change in pattern of antenna. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:774–779, 2015
A 60 GHz low power direct‐conversion quadrature‐phase transmitter in 130 nm CMOS with low profile cavity backed antenna
Authors: Chen Bo , Su Guodong , Shen Li , Gao Jianjun
Published: February 2015

This article presents the analysis, design, and implementation of a 60 GHz transmitter in 130 nm bulk CMOS, focusing on low power and high performance applications. The low power transmitter lineup consists of two double‐balanced Gilbert‐cells with dynamic current injection, on chip FGCPW meandering ring‐hybrid balun, Lange coupler, combiner, preamplifier, and low power transformer coupled power amplifier. A planar antenna with above 6 dB gain is also implemented. The measured output −1 dB compression point of the power amplifier is 9.6 dBm with 8.6 dB gain, and the 3 dB bandwidth is from 47 to 67 GHz (power amplifier) while drawing 90 mA from a 1.2 V supply. The mixer, preamplifer, and drive amplifier consume 12, 26, and 68 mA, respectively. The transmitter up‐converting an IF of 200 MHz to RF at 60.2 GHz achieve a total gain of 17.17 dB (simulated 21.09 dB) and saturation power higher than 9.53 dBm. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:785–789, 2015
W‐band power amplifier using broadband impedance‐transforming coupled line couplers
Authors: Kim Jungsik , Lee Sangho , Lee Seokchul , Kim Wansik , Kwon Hosang , Kwon Youngwoo , Jeong Jinho
Published: February 2015

In this letter, a compact and broadband impedance‐transforming 90° hybrid is proposed, where two coupled lines with different characteristic impedances are cascaded to transform 50 to 25 Ω. The designed 50–25 Ω transforming coupler on a GaAs substrate shows a measured insertion loss of 1.1 dB with a return loss of 29.0 dB at 77 GHz. The insertion loss is lower than 2.0 dB in the range from 30 to 97 GHz. The proposed impedance‐transforming couplers are used in the design of a W‐band balanced power amplifier (PA) with a port impedance of 25 Ω, which allows the compact and broadband design of matching circuits in the PA. The PA fabricated by a 0.15‐μm GaAs pHEMT process shows a small‐signal gain of 13.3 dB at 79.5 GHz with a 3‐dB bandwidth of 21.4% (from 72 to 89 GHz). The measured output power is as high as 16.7 dBm at 75 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:803–806, 2015
Multiband planar monopole antenna using coupling control feed structure for mobile handsets
Authors: Lee Hongkoo , Lee Jaesuk , Moon Sungjin , Kim Mingi , Kim Hyeongdong
Published: February 2015

In this article, a planar monopole antenna very close to the ground plane of mobile handsets is presented. Multiband operation is achieved by controlling the magnetic coupling between the feed structure and antenna structure with a slot structure and inductor. Measurements demonstrate that the proposed antenna possesses frequencies of 228 MHz (813–1041 MHz) and 601 MHz (1643–2244 MHz) with a voltage standing wave ratio of three even though the size of the proposed antenna is only 60 × 7 mm2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:823–826, 2015
Design of mimo antenna with low correlation characteristic for low band applications
Authors: Lee Won‐Woo , Hong Seokjin
Published: February 2015

In this letter, we propose a frequency tunable multiple input multiple output antenna at the frequency ranges of 704–960 MHz and low correlation performance over the tuning frequencies. The proposed antenna covers various long‐term evolution service bands: band17 (704–746 MHz), band13 (746–787 MHz), band5 (824–894 MHz), and band8 (880–960 MHz). To achieve wideband operation for the main antenna, an inverted L‐shaped slit is adopted on the conventional folded PIFA structure. The subantenna has multiple resonance from which on operating bands can be chosen by controlling the capacitance of a microelectromechanical system that is connected to the end of the proposed loop antenna. By choosing different antenna types for the main and subantennas, acceptable isolation characteristic was achieved as well as suitable envelope correlation coefficient characteristics. Both simulated and measured results are shown to illustrate the MIMO capabilities of the proposed structures. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:833–838, 2015
Bent optical fiber taper for refractive index measurements with tunable sensitivity
Authors: da Silveira Clenilson R. , Costa João C. W. A. , RoccoGiraldi Maria Thereza M. , Jorge Pedro , López Barbero Andrés Pablo , Germano Sydney Bragantine
Published: February 2015

This letter presents experimental results of a refractive index sensor using a bent optical fiber taper. The approach of this sensor is based on an in‐line Michelson interferometer implemented with a single mode tapered fiber with a cleaved tip end and changing tilt angle, enabling to tune its refractive index sensitivity. Several radii of curvature are tested and their refractive index sensitivities are analyzed for a refractive index range between 1.333 and 1.405. A clear enhancement of the sensor response is achieved at specific taper bending radii. A substantial improvement in the refractive index sensitivity, at values very close to distilled water, is obtained with a radius of curvature of 11 mm. A significant enhancement of the sensor response is also achieved for a refractive index close to 1.40 with a radius of curvature of 16.5 mm. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:921–924, 2015
A compact dual‐band diversity antenna for WLAN applications with high isolation
Authors: Singh Hari Shankar , Pandey Gaurav Kumar , Bharti Pradutt Kumar , Meshram Manoj Kumar
Published: February 2015

A compact dual‐band multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna is presented for wireless local area networks (2.45/5.8 GHz) applications in mobile handsets. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two planar inverted‐F antennas loaded with inverted J‐shaped slot and inverted L‐shaped slot. The defected ground structure of fork shaped slot is proposed between antenna elements to achieve high port‐to‐port isolation (<−20 dB). The distribution of specific absorption rate (SAR) over 1‐g and 10‐g tissues in human head are also studied for two different positions of the antenna at 2.45/5.8 GHz frequencies through SAR to PEAK location spacing ratio (SPLSR) according to Federal Communication Commission standard. The values of SPLSR are observed over 1‐g of tissues between 0.107 and 0.246 W/kg/cm and 0.304–0.122 W/kg/cm and over 10‐g of tissues between 0.242 and 0.124 W/kg/cm and 0.154 and 0.045 W/kg/cm at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The S‐parameters, surface current distribution, diversity parameters, and radiation patterns are presented. The fabricated prototype are measured and obtained good agreement with simulated results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:906–912, 2015
Design of thin microwave absorbers using lossy frequency selective surfaces
Authors: Silva M. W. B. , Campos A. L. P. S. , Kretly L. C.
Published: February 2015

An alternative procedure for the optimal design of both narrow and wide band electromagnetic absorbers is presented. The method, based on equivalent‐circuit model in conjunction with the full‐wave simulation, is used for computing lumped parameters of the frequency selective surface (FSS) elements. Thus, the procedure is applied to high‐impedance surfaces (HIS) to derivate the desired absorbers. The design presented here use simplified modeling to achieve numerical dimensioning of the FSS which results on the designed absorbers with performance very close to the desired attenuation and bandwidth. The resulting absorbers are implemented by placing lossy FSS over a dielectric layer backed by a metal ground plane. The experimental results show good agreements with theoretical results and the validity of the modeling method for the proposed structure. Characteristic attenuation for fabricated narrow band absorber show almost 20‐dB in 5.5 GHz. The attenuation bandwidth below −10 dB of the wideband absorber can reach 10–16 GHz with 3 mm thick only. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:928–933, 2015
Compact second‐order dual‐ and quad‐band bandpass filters using asymmetrical stub‐loaded resonator and uniform‐impedance resonator
Authors: Xu Jin
Published: February 2015

In this article, a second‐order dual‐band bandpass filters (BPF) operating at 1.8 GHz GSM and 5.2 GHz WLAN is first proposed by using asymmetrical stub‐loaded resonators (SLRs). Then, a set of half‐wavelength resonators (HWRs) are embedded into asymmetrical SLRs to produce a passband at 3.5 GHz, and the other set of HWRs are coupled with high‐impedance parallel coupling microstrip lines to generate a passband at 6.8 GHz, so that a second quad‐band BPF is successfully designed. The fabricated dual‐band BPF and quad‐band BPF have compact sizes of 0.052λg × 0.17λg and 0.054λg × 0.195λg, respectively. In addition, high band‐to‐band isolation, good in‐band return loss, and wide stopband can be also observed. Good agreement is shown between the simulated and measured results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:997–1003, 2015
Enhanced sensitivity high temperature optical fiber FPI sensor created with the catastrophic fuse effect
Authors: Domingues M. F. , Antunes Paulo , Alberto Nelia , Frias Ana R. , Bastos Ana R. , Ferreira Rute A. S. , André Paulo S.
Published: February 2015

In this work, we describe a novel and cost effective approach based on optical fiber microcavities, for sensing high temperature values (up to 1150°C). The proposed sensor is produced by splicing standard single mode optical fibers with fibers destroyed by the catastrophic fuse effect, resulting in a microcavity structure in the fiber core region. These microcavities have a thermal sensitivity of 10.43 ± 0.15 pm °C−1, for temperatures up to 1150°C, which compares well with the sensitivity of Fabry–Perot interferometric sensing cavities but with the advantage of substantially reduced manufacturing costs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:972–974, 2015
Multifunction optoelectronic gate
Authors: Ozharar Sarper , Ozdur Ibrahim , Delfyett Peter J.
Published: February 2015

A multifunction optoelectronic gate that can perform as any desired logic gate of two variables was theoretically proposed and a simplified version is experimentally demonstrated. The proposed optoelectronic gate is dynamically configurable, and being wavelength independent, it can act on multiple input optical bits and realize different functions simultaneously. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:969–972, 2015
An integrated “sense‐and‐communicate” broad‐/narrow‐band optically controlled reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio systems
Authors: Liu XiongYing , Fan Yi , Tentzeris Manos M.
Published: February 2015

An optically controlled reconfigurable antenna with operability in both wide and narrow bands is investigated for cognitive radio systems. The proposed antenna consists of a U‐shaped patch for the spectrum sensing over a wide band and two open annuli for communication in narrow sub‐bands within the frequency range of 3.1–10.6 GHz. The integration of narrow and wide bands devices makes the whole antenna structure compact with a dimension of 40 × 38.5 mm2. With an inherent property of being electromagnetically transparency, four appropriately placed laser‐controlled photoconductive silicon switches are adopted to achieve reconfigurable frequency characteristics in the four bands of 5.8–6.8, 6.7–7.3, 7.0–8.4, and 7.9–9.2 GHz with the reflection coefficient below ‐10 dB. The wide‐narrowband antenna is fed by two coplanar waveguides with the isolation of S21 < −15 dB, effectively allowing the spectrum sensing and the communication to operate simultaneously. An antenna prototype has been fabricated, and close agreement is observed between the measured and simulated results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1016–1023, 2015
Alternative wavelength for linearity preservation of Beer–Lambert Law in ozone concentration measurement
Authors: Marcus Tay C. E. , David Michael , Yaacob Maslina , Salim Mohd R. , Hussin Nabihah , Ibrahim Mohd H. , Ngajikin Nor H. , Azmi Asrul I. , Idrus Sevia M. , Buntat Zolkafle
Published: February 2015

Beer–Lambert law deviation is often observed. Here, we propose alternative wavelength 279.95 nm for ozone concentration measurement between 357 and 971 μL L−1 to preserve linearity. Sensor loses linearity below transmittance 0.2165, as sensor approaches saturation. We recommend measurement of ozone concentration above transmittance of 0.2165 for strong linear relation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1013–1016, 2015
Copolymerization of Limonene with n‐Butyl Acrylate
Authors: Ren Shanshan , Trevino Esther , Dubé Marc A.
Published: February 2015

The bulk free radical copolymerization of d‐limonene (Lim) with n‐butyl acrylate (BA) was carried out at 80 °C using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. Low conversion experiments were run to estimate the copolymer reactivity ratios as rBA = 6.07 and rLim = 0.0067. High conversion experiments were then conducted to validate the reactivity ratios for prediction of cumulative copolymer composition. The presence of allylic hydrogen in d‐limonene caused a notable degradative chain transfer reaction which greatly impeded polymerization. Increasing d‐limonene fractions in the copolymer resulted in a decrease in final conversion and molecular weight, and an increase in glass transition temperature.
Optimization of a regularized distortion measure to generate curved high‐order unstructured tetrahedral meshes
Authors: Gargallo‐Peiró A. , Roca X. , Peraire J. , Sarrate J.
Published: February 2015

We present a robust method for generating high‐order nodal tetrahedral curved meshes. The approach consists of modifying an initial linear mesh by first, introducing high‐order nodes, second, displacing the boundary nodes to ensure that they are on the computer‐aided design surface, and third, smoothing and untangling the mesh obtained after the displacement of the boundary nodes to produce a valid curved high‐order mesh. The smoothing algorithm is based on the optimization of a regularized measure of the mesh distortion relative to the original linear mesh. This means that whenever possible, the resulting mesh preserves the geometrical features of the initial linear mesh such as shape, stretching, and size. We present several examples to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the examples show that the implementation of the optimization problem is robust and capable of handling situations in which the mesh before optimization contains a large number of invalid elements. We consider cases with polynomial approximations up to degree ten, large deformations of the curved boundaries, concave boundaries, and highly stretched boundary layer elements. The meshes obtained are suitable for high‐order finite element analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profiling Donors of Blood, Money, and Time
Authors: Shehu Edlira , Langmaack Ann‐Christin , Felchle Elena , Clement Michel
Published: February 2015

Understanding donor profiles is crucial for donor relationship management. Whereas previous research has focused on profiling blood, money, or time donor segments separately, we define seven donor profiles based on their former donation behavior for blood, money, and time donation and compare them to non‐donors. Relying on representative data from the German Socio Economic Panel, we use an extensive set of characteristics that include sociodemographic, psychographic, health‐related, and geographical measures and simultaneously investigate profiles of donors for single and multiple donation forms and non‐donors by means of a multinomial logistic model. Our results reveal valuable insights for donor acquisition and retention strategies of nonprofit organizations along the identified profiling characteristics of donor segments. By this, our findings help nonprofit organization managers to better target single and multiple donors across three donation forms.
Influence of chemical treatments on cellulose fibers for use as reinforcements in poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) composites
Authors: Zimmermann Matheus V.G. , de Macedo Vinícius , Zattera Ademir J. , Santana Ruth M.C.
Published: February 2015

This work evaluates different chemical treatments on cellulose fibers as reinforcement agents in poly(ethylene‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) composites. The cellulose fibers were prepared with three chemical modifications using triethoxyvinylsilane, acetic anhydride (AA), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Composites were prepared with 10 phr of cellulose fibers by means of extrusion and hot press conformation. The fiber treatment levels were successfully demonstrated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with the appearance of characteristic bands in each chemical group, and scanning electron micrographs showed altered textures on the surfaces, polymerized material and fiber agglomerations after the chemical treatments that were most evident in the AA and GMA treatments. The composites reinforced with treated fibers showed improvement in their mechanical properties at the yield points and were reduced in deformation. When activated with dicumyl peroxide, the mechanical properties were even more improved and the interface regions exhibited better interactions between the cellulose fibers and the EVA matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1991–2000, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Determination of the Electron Density in an Argon Plasma Jet Using Absolute Measurements of Continuum Radiation
Authors: Taghizadeh Leila , van der Mullen Joost , Nikiforov Anton , Leys Christophe
Published: February 2015

We present a method to determine the electron density, ne, of an argon plasma jet using the continuum radiation. The radiation measurements are calibrated with a standard tungsten filament lamp. Due to the filamentary nature of these plasmas, it is not possible to use the spectral radiance W m−2 nm−1 sr−1 as the radiometric quantity. Instead we work with the spectral irradiance W m−2 nm−1. As the ionization degree is low, the continuum radiation is predominantly generated by interactions of electron with atoms; the influence of electron–ion interactions can be neglected. The method provides ne values of about 7 × 1019 m−3 in the active zone for an argon plasma created by a sinusoidal peak to peak voltage of 10 kV. Comparison with the ne values determined via the current density shows a fair agreement; this comparison can only be done for the region between the electrodes. In the afterglow region, where the current‐density method cannot be applied, we can still use the continuum radiation to determine ne. It is observed that ne decreases in the afterglow direction down to 2 × 1017 m−3.
Protocol sequence and control co‐design for a collection of networked control systems
Authors: Guo Ge , Wen Shixi
Published: February 2015

This paper is concerned with the simultaneous stabilization of a collection of plants shared by the wireless network with capacity limitation. We use most regular binary sequences (MRBS) to control the medium access status of the plants. The design procedure of the scheduling policy translates to determine two parameters of the MRBS. With the MRBS protocol, each plant is essentially a sampled‐data control system with time varying sampling intervals. We derive a sufficient condition for determining the MRBS protocol that guarantees the controllability, observability, and stability of each plant. Most importantly, we give a methodology for MRBS protocol and controller co‐design, in which the controller has switching gains that are piecewise constant and dependent on the sampling intervals yielded by the MRBS. The main results are established using piecewise Lyapunov functional and the average dwell time technique. It is shown that the method can guarantee simultaneous stabilization of the collection of plants robustly in situations where the controller gain does not match the sampling interval or the sampling interval violates the maximum allowable transmission interval criteria. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the co‐design method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Actuator fault‐tolerant control of ocean surface vessels with input saturation
Authors: Chen Mou , Jiang Bing , Cui Rongxin
Published: February 2015

In this paper, an actuator robust fault‐tolerant control is proposed for ocean surface vessels with parametric uncertainties and unknown disturbances. Using the backstepping technique and Lyapunov synthesis method, the adaptive tracking control is first developed by incorporating the actuator configuration matrix and considering actuator saturation constraints. The changeable actuator configuration matrix caused by rotatable propulsion devices is considered. Next, the actuator fault‐tolerant control is developed for the case when faults occur in propulsion devices of the ocean surface vessel. Rigorous stability analysis is carried out to show that the proposed fault‐tolerant control can guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system under certain actuator failure. Finally, simulation studies are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive tracking control and fault‐tolerant control. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repair bond strength of composite resin to sandblasted and laser irradiated Y‐TZP ceramic surfaces
Authors: Kirmali Omer , Barutcigil Çağatay , Ozarslan Mehmet Mustafa , Barutcigil Kubilay , Harorlı Osman Tolga
Published: February 2015

This study investigated the effects of different surface treatments on the repair bond strength of yttrium‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ceramic (Y‐TZP) zirconia to a composite resin. Sixty Y‐TZP zirconia specimens were prepared and randomly divided into six groups (n = 10) as follows: Group 1, surface grinding with Cimara grinding bur (control); Group 2, sandblasted with 30 µm silica‐coated alumina particles; Group 3, Nd:YAG laser irradiation; Group 4, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation; Group 5, sandblasted + Nd:YAG laser irradiation; and Group 6, sandblasted + Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation. After surface treatments, the Cimara® System was selected for the repair method and applied to all specimens. A composite resin was built‐up on each zirconia surface using a cylindrical mold (5 × 3 mm) and incrementally filled. The repair bond strength was measured with a universal test machine. Data were analyzed using a one‐way ANOVA and a Tukey HSD test (p = 0.05). Surface topography after treatments were evaluated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Shear bond strength mean values ranged from 15.896 to 18.875 MPa. There was a statistically significant difference between group 3 and the control group (p < 0.05). Also, a significant increase in bond strength values was noted in group 6 (p < 0.05). All surface treatment methods enhanced the repair bond strength of the composite to zirconia; however, there were no significant differences between treatment methods. The results revealed that Nd:YAG laser irradiation along with the combination of sandblasting and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation provided a significant increase in bond strength between the zirconia and composite resin. SCANNING 37:186–192, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Confocal micro‐XRF analysis of light elements with Rh X‐ray tube and its application for painted steel sheet
Authors: Yagi Ryota , Tsuji Kouichi
Published: February 2015

A confocal micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument with a vacuum chamber was applied for analysis of light elements for painted steel sheet. Because this instrument is equipped with a Rh‐anode X‐ray tube, light elements are excited more effectively by the Rh‐L lines. However, it was difficult to analyze Cl, because the energies of the Cl‐K lines are close to those of the Rh‐L lines. Thus, we applied an Al thin film as a primary X‐ray filter to eliminate the Rh‐L lines and confirmed the feasibility of Cl analysis using a Rh X‐ray tube. Rh‐L scattered X‐rays were observed by using an acrylic plate as a sample. The Rh‐L scattered X‐rays were completely absorbed by a 24 µm thick Al filter. A calibration curve of Cl was prepared by using certified reference materials with different Cl concentrations. The limit of detection for Cl was 11.9 ppm as estimated from the calibration curve. Confocal micro‐XRF with a Rh X‐ray tube enables the analysis of low Z elements including Cl by applying an Al filter. This technique was applied for a practical painted steel sheet sample. The elemental image of Cl was successfully observed after corrosion in NaCl solution as well as other light elemental maps. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Refining Kinetics of Selected Elements in the Industrial Silicon Process
Authors: Kero Ida , Næss Mari K. , Andersen Vegar , Tranell Gabriella M.
Published: February 2015

An industrial oxidative ladle refining process of metallurgical grade silicon has been experimentally examined. An extensive industrial sampling campaign has been performed and samples of silicon and slag have been analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The elemental concentrations of 45 elements have been evaluated with respect to sampling time during the refining process. Major elements, such as Ca and Al, as well as trace elements are studied. The refining kinetics is discussed and groups of elements with different behaviors are distinguished. For 21 elements, which are responsive to the refining process, kinetic parameters are established. The alkaline and alkaline earth elements are identified as having the highest refining rates, whereas the rare earth elements are slower and most transition metals are quite unresponsive to the oxidative refining operation.
Current Trends in Management of Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Gujral Kanwal , Nayar Sakshi
Published: February 2015

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are the terms used for a fetus which has not attained its full growth potential. FGR fetus is associated with high perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, besides long term neurological handicap because of in utero hypoxia. Three decades of research has indicated that almost all treatment strategies are ineffective in treating FGR. Panorama of management includes identifying women at risk, correct dating, distinguishing between a constitutionally small and a true FGR, monitoring for fetal hypoxia, growth, and a timely intervention to avoid death or damage.
Web Resources for Microbial Data
Authors: Sun Qinglan , Liu Li , Wu Linhuan , Li Wei , Liu Quanhe , Zhang Jianyuan , Liu Di , Ma Juncai
Published: February 2015

There are multitudes of web resources that are quite useful for the microbial scientific research community. Here, we provide a brief introduction on some of the most notable microbial web resources and an evaluation of them based upon our own user experience.
Emergency obstetric care: Making the impossible possible through task shifting
Authors: Schneeberger Caroline , Mathai Matthews
Published: February 2015

Task shifting—moving tasks to healthcare workers with a shorter training—for emergency obstetric care (EmOC) can potentially improve access to lifesaving interventions and thereby contribute to reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The present paper reviews studies on task shifting for the provision of EmOC. Most studies were performed in Sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia and focused primarily on task shifting for the performance of cesarean deliveries. Cesarean delivery rates increased following EmOC training without significant increase in adverse outcomes. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of task shifting in EmOC and the role of this approach in improving maternal and newborn health in the short and long term.
De Quervain's Tenosynovitis and Phonophoresis: A Randomised Controlled Trial in Pregnant Females
Authors: Tabinda Hasan , Mahmood Fauzi
Published: February 2015

Background

De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a common cause of wrist pain in pregnant and postpartum females. This study provides objective evidence regarding the therapeutic efficacy of phonophoresis in treating de Quervain's disease during pregnancy.

Methods

In a single blind, randomised, controlled trial (n = 50), ketoprofen phonophoresis was given to the intervention group and conventional ultrasound (US) was given to controls, coupled with thumb splint immobilisation, and supervised strengthening and stretching exercises for 1 month. Symptomatic and functional improvement was assessed by visual pain analogue, grip, tip, key, and palmer pinch scales.

Results

There was a statistically significant improvement in the intervention group compared to the control group in grip and pinch strength, and pain reduction.

Conclusion

Ketoprofen phonophoresis as an adjunct to supervised exercise and splint immobilisation is a safe and effective therapy for de Quervain's tenosynovitis during pregnancy. Phonophoresis augments the benefits of US in terms of reducing pain and inflammation, and improving functional strength.
DEMONIOS SUELTOS EN EL PROCESO SOCIAL NICARAGÜENSE: UNA MODERNIZACIÓN CON RASGOS OLIGÁRQUICOS
Authors: Cueva Perus Marcos
Published: February 2015

Este artículo revisa críticamente las sugestivas hipótesis de Gilles Bataillon para el estudio del proceso social nicaragüense y el fenómeno sandinista. Aunque no puede hablarse de dictadura ni de totalitarismo, sí es posible encontrar un imaginario religioso y prácticas de origen medieval que con frecuencia se hacen pasar por la “originalidad” revolucionaria. El proceso nicaragüense, desde estos puntos de vista, es distinto al cubano, sobre todo porque en el país centroamericano la añeja oligarquía y la Iglesia católica no dejaron nunca de jugar un papel importante. Nicaragua ha seguido siendo así un país atrasado, con rasgos de gobierno populistas, y en el cual coexisten varias “edades sociales” sin que llegue una verdadera síntesis moderna.
VIRUELA Y MUJERES: TRABAJADORAS DEL HOGAR EN LA CIUDAD DE CAMPECHE, 1855
Authors: Alcalá Ferráez Carlos
Published: February 2015

En esta investigación sobre la viruela he tratado de ir más allá de la interpretación de las variables demográficas, para la identificación de los nombres y apellidos de las víctimas de una epidemia. Me remito a las mujeres como grupo vulnerable porque recibieron un trato diferente del que se destinaba a los hombres, principalmente por su función en el hogar y como un problema ante su condición de mujer trabajadora, que desempeñaba un servicio doméstico para subsistir y cuyo riesgo ante una enfermedad no fue mitigado.
CHOLES, MAYAS Y MESTIZOS EN EL SUR DE YUCATÁN
Authors: Rodríguez Balam Enrique
Published: February 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer un acercamiento al estudio dela interacción entre mayas yucatecos, choles y mestizos. Con base enlo antes dicho, se busca también una discusión sobre el tema de lasrelaciones interétnicas en Yucatán. Para ello se revisa la manera en laque algunas disciplinas han privilegiado aspectos como las creencias, elvestido, las costumbres y la lengua, en tanto marcadores fundamentalespara considerar a los mayas de Yucatán como sujetos pertenecientes auna región cultural homogénea. En ese sentido, la presencia de cholesen el sur yucateco se torna en un fenómeno social relevante en lo queconcierne a las transformaciones socioculturales en esta parte del territoriopeninsular. Así, la información de campo nos muestra la maneraen la que choles, mayas y mestizos —pese a las tensiones que conllevacompartir contextos interétnicos— reconstruyen aspectos culturalestales como creencias, economía o trabajo, en un constante intercambiode conocimientos.
UNA MIRADA DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO AL MODELO DE GOBIERNO DE LAS SOCIEDADES MAYAS PREHISPÁNICAS
Authors: Gamboa Cetina José , Quiñones Cetina Lucía
Published: February 2015

El papel destacado de algunas mujeres que detentaron el poder en la sociedad maya prehispánica ha sido invisibilizado debido al enfoque androcéntrico que, durante casi un siglo, predominó en el ámbito académico. Sin embargo, desde los estudios de género, los antropólogos cuestionan la exclusión de las mujeres del campo del poder, al mismo tiempo que discuten el modelo jerárquico de las relaciones de género, privilegiando —algunos de ellos— el modelo heterárquico, que describe sociedades con múltiples terrenos de estatus y poder, en los que las funciones de hombres y mujeres son paralelas o bien, complementarias. Diversas representaciones femeninas en el arte prehispánico insinúan la posibilidad de que las mujeres tuvieran acceso al poder, ejerciéndolo ellas solas o compartiéndolo. En este artículo se estudian y comparan las imágenes de cincuenta y cuatro vasijas de la colección de Justin Kerr, así como de diversos monumentos pétreos con datos epigráficos, arqueológicos y etnohistóricos, para analizar la aplicación del modelo heterárquico en la sociedad maya prehispánica.
Vulnerabilidad y representación social de género en mujeres de una comunidad migrante
Authors: Flores Palacios Fátima
Published: February 2015

En este trabajo se expone la concepción de vulnerabilidad de género que se ha venido construyendo desde hace al menos una década, a partir del análisis de fenómenos sociales que se expresan en contextos de pobreza y migración; particularmente nos hemos enfocado al tema de la salud. Nuestro trabajo ha adquirido cierta relevancia específicamente en relación a la salud mental y el tema de vih/sida y sus implicaciones en el sistema relacional de las personas. Ubicamos dimensiones que están presentes y naturalizadas a través de un sistema consensuado de representaciones sociales, lo que podríamos resumir como mandatos de género tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Se analiza específicamente el efecto subjetivo y emocional que presentan mujeres de una comunidad con características migratorias y en extrema pobreza, así como sus representaciones sociales acerca de su trayectoria de vida.
La mujer salvadoreña y su derecho a la salud: omisiones, indiferencia y vulnerabilidad social
Authors: Umaña Lorena
Published: February 2015

El artículo aborda el concepto de vulnerabilidad social en el contexto de la situación de la mujer en la región latinoamericana, para luego centrarse, de manera particular, en el caso de la mujer salvadoreña y su derecho a la salud. Sobre ese estudio de caso, este trabajo hace una aproximación a la situación de desventaja e indefensión de las mujeres dentro de un sistema legal que las excluye como sujetas de decisión sobre su propio cuerpo y que pone en segundo plano sus derechos humanos. Este texto busca presentar el concepto de vulnerabilidad como un problema multifactorial y que se refleja en todos los ámbitos y las estructuras de las sociedades. Este concepto se hace visible y más palpable en grupos de mujeres en condiciones de exclusión social, pobreza y marginación.
Prostitución de niñas y adolescentes: un acercamiento a su representación social en comerciantes de La Merced
Authors: Gómez San Luis Anel Hortensia
Published: February 2015

Debido al crecimiento exponencial de la explotación sexual comercial en los últimos años, hoy este fenómeno forma parte de las preocupaciones sociales a nivel global. La presente investigación utiliza la teoría de representaciones sociales para acercarse al proceso de construcción social de significados asociados a la prostitución de niñas y adolescentes, entre comerciantes de la comunidad de La Merced de la Ciudad de México. Esto se realiza con la intención de orientar dicha teoría hacia la prevención de la explotación.  En el texto se alude a las representaciones sociales sobre género, sexualidad, niñez y adolescencia, prostitución, trabajo y comercio, como los aspectos centrales que sustentan la explotación de niñas y adolescentes e impiden un cambio estructural.
Conocer y comprender para transformar: Impacto social de la Fundación Haciendas del Mundo Maya. Precisiones en sentido diacrónico al texto de Fierro, García y Marín publicado en Península IX (1): 81-104, 2014
Authors: Lafarga Corona Juan , Gómez del Campo Estrada José Fernando , Serrano Escobar Ricardo Harry
Published: February 2015

Este texto tiene como objetivo ampliar la información del trabajo realizado por la Fundación Haciendas del Mundo Maya, una organización sin fines de lucro con presencia en la Península de Yucatán. La fundación forma parte de la estrategia de responsabilidad social de un grupo empresarial mexicano, propietario de Las Haciendas, una cadena de cinco hoteles en Yucatán y Campeche. Se describen los principios y el enfoque del proyecto de Las Haciendas junto el escenario inicial en donde se insertó el proyecto. Posteriormente relata a detalle la estrategia de responsabilidad social del grupo empresarial mediante el trabajo de la fundación y ubica dentro de esta estrategia el proyecto de talleres artesanales, narrando su evolución y enunciando los alcances del mismo.
Indonesian Opposition in the Colonial Municipality: A Minahasser in Bandung
Authors: OTTO Jan Michiel
Published: February 2015

This article discusses politico-legal relations and actual decision-making in urban government in late colonial Indonesia, notably in the municipality of Bandung. On the basis of verbatim reports of council meetings in the early 1920s,1the article catches the atmosphere of hot debates touching upon the core problem of colonial rule, namely inequality between racial groups. Decentralization and democratization in the colony had made such discussions unavoidable. The 1923 budgetary debate shows how eloquently elected representatives of the native population used the municipal council as a forum to plea for the interests of Indonesians. The colonial government referred to autonomy of urban desas to justifylaissez-faireapproaches to natives’ interests. The municipality was in doubt for, at the same time, colonial administration was transitioning from a minimalist to a welfare state model. Hence, notwithstanding their differences, the common ambition to develop Bandung, albeit in a colonial context and led by the mayor, contributed to co-operative attitudes.
Effect of Chlorhexidine Bathing and Other Infection Control Practices on the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown (BUGG) Trial: A Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Morgan Daniel J. , Pineles Lisa , Shardell Michelle , Sulis Carol , Kett Daniel H. , Bowling Jason , Belton Beverly M. , Harris Anthony D. ,   the BUGG Study Primary Investigators
Published: February 2015

We report the results of a subgroup analysis of the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown trial. In 20 intensive care units, the reduction in acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus observed in this trial was observed in units also using chlorhexidine bathing and in those that previously performed active surveillance.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–4