bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of evacuation routes in power engineering facilities
Authors:   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, ANTONOV Sergey V. , BUTKO Vyacheslav S. ,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, ZYKOV Vladimir I. ,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2024

Purpose.  The article is devoted to justifying possibility of using a personal mobile device to search for people in fires and emergencies based on Wi-Fi-signal strength. In сase of fire individuals may begin to move along the wrong evacuation route. Having lost time to find a safe route, a person may panic, fall under the influence of hazardous fire factors and lose consciousness. The relevance of the article is due to the necessity of ensuring safety of technical personnel equipped with mobile devices at power engineering facilities in case of fire or emergency.
Methods. Using a statistical model (ITU-R 1238) for calculations inside buildings and premises of power engineering facilities and data on location and arrangement order of routers, an experiment to determine the location of a person was conducted.
Findings. For the experiment on searching for people, signal strengths at the input of the mobile personal device receiver were compared with the calculated data according to the statistical model ITU-R 1238. A mandatory requirement for functioning searching for people in buildings system is using a two-way radio channel (based on a wireless Wi-Fi network), which allows not only identifying a person in real time, but also determining their exact location on the territory of a facility.
Research application field. It is advisable to include the results of the study in research and development work of research organizations of EMERCOM of Russia and other ministries
and departments involved in implementing fire safety systems
at power engineering facilities.
Conclusions. The use of a radio channel system for searching and rescuing people at power engineering facilities during fires will make it possible to determine in real time the exact location of people equipped with mobile devices and, if necessary, to conduct their rescue along optimal routes to a safe zone.
The concept of using compression air foam systems in extinguishing fires at energy facilities
Authors:   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, FEDYAEV Vladislav D. , STRUGOV Aleksander O. ,   EMERCOM of Russia Main Office for Belgorod region, GUMIROV Andrei S. ,   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The use of modern technologies for extinguishing fires at energy facilities ensures more efficient operation of fire protection units and reduction in fire extinguishing time. However, for this purpose, the use of new fire extinguishing agents should be accompanied by the availability of necessary information
on their applications. To do this, it is necessary to systematize the results of scientific research into the practical experience
of fire protection units. The analysis of modern fire extinguishing equipment and research has shown that when extinguishing fires at energy facilities, the use of water is not always advisable,
and the use of other means, such as, for example, compression
air foam, has not been fully studied. The article proposes
the concept of using compression air foam in extinguishing fires at energy facilities.
Methods. During the research, analytical methods, developed software for preliminary assessment of the actions of fire protection units, and measuring equipment were used.
Findings. As a result of the research, the concept of using compression air foam in extinguishing fires at energy facilities has been proposed and scientifically substantiated. The application of the concept will make it possible to systematize approaches to the use of compression air foam in extinguishing fires at energy facilities and increase the efficiency of fire protection units.
Research application field. The results obtained are applicable in the practical activities of fire protection units engaged in extinguishing fires.
Conclusions. The introduction of the concept of using compression air foam in extinguishing fires seems not only appropriate, but also a necessary step towards improving safety at energy facilities.
The problems of identification and employment of pre-evacuation time
Authors:   State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia, SAMOSHIN Dmitry A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. The time of evacuation of people from the building is determined by two terms: pre-evacuation time and the time of movement of the formed human flows towards building exits. As a rule, with the exception of open public areas, the first term is significantly larger than the second. Nevertheless, at present, building codes reflect a misunderstanding of this process, characterized by insufficient indicators and their incorrect application.
Methods. Analytical research devoted to the study of published data on pre-evacuation time. All available Russian data, as well as foreign sources, were analyzed: more than 50 scientific publications, 3 databases, 1 engineering reference book and 1 international standard.
Findings. It has been established that the pre-evacuation time in the building codes in Russia are underestimated, which leads to an underestimation of the fire hazard.
Research application field. The obtained results should be used to adjust the methods of fire risks calculating. For buildings with fire alarm systems, the standards in Russia contain only two figures describing the time spent on preparing for evacuation: 1.0 min for class F1 buildings and 0.5 for all other buildings, which does not reflect the entire variety of human actions at the initial stage of a fire. Moreover, such values seem to be underestimated and impossible.
Conclusions. It has been shown, that reference books for evacuation time calculations need to be corrected to get more precise estimation of fire risk values.
Association Between Number of Oocytes Retrieved with Cumulative Live Birth Rate
Authors: Nagarwal Deepika , Tiwari Neeti , Majumdar Abha , Majumdar Gaurav
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To find the correlation between oocyte number and cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) in different age groups. It is a retrospective cohort study conducted from January 2022 to December 2022 at Centre of IVF & Human Reproduction, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi.

Material and Methods

Retrospective data were sought for all women with primary and secondary infertility who underwent assisted reproductive technology treatment from January 2022 to December 2022 at Sir Gangaram Hospital, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed using any suitable gonadotropins - urinary or recombinant with agonist or antagonist protocol used at our centre. To calculate the CLBR, the outcome of fresh and frozen embryo transfer was followed till one live birth or followed till a minimum of 1 year from the day of oocyte retrival (i.e., maximum up to 31 December 2023), whichever is earlier. Age-wise stratification of data was done to find out the association between CLBR and oocyte number in different age groups. Group 1 included women aged 35 years or less, and Group 2 included women aged more than 35 years.

Results

Both the groups in the study were similar in terms of body mass index, stimulation protocol used, and fertilisation protocol used. In group 1, the median oocyte number was 10 per stimulation cycle, whereas in group 2, it was 7. Notably, the oocyte number tends to decrease as age advances. Analysis of the data in both groups, i.e., group 1 (Age ≤35 years) and group 2 (Age >35 years), revealed a significant correlation between oocyte number and no change (p-value <0.001), indicating a strong positive relationship between the variables. This correlation indicates that as the oocyte number in a single stimulation cycle increases, the CLBR also increases.

Conclusion

It was observed that as the oocyte number escalates, there is a corresponding increase in the CLBR across all age groups without any evident plateau. These data can serve as a valuable tool for counselling patients regarding their likelihood of achieving a live birth, based on the oocyte number during one stimulation cycle.
Gender-based Differences in Young Indian Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Mahorkar Virag , Mahorkar Uday , Vidhale Avanti , Mahorkar Ajinkya Vijay , Sarwale Suresh Jambuvant , Dhundele Tanu , Donkalwar Amol
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

The steep rise in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cases among young adults, particularly those ≤ 45 years old, poses a significant concern, especially in India. This study delved into the baseline characteristics, risk factors, and echocardiographic and angiographic profiles of ACS patients under 45 years of age, with a focus on discerning gender-based differences.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted, including young adults aged 18–≤45 years diagnosed with ACS who underwent coronary angiography. Demographic, clinical, and angiographic data were meticulously analyzed.

Results:

Our study of 550 young ACS patients (mean age: 40.2 ± 4.7 years) from January 2018 to July 2023 found that females, forming nearly 10% of the cohort, had a higher obesity prevalence (38.7% vs. 56.9%, P = 0.012). Multivessel disease was less common in females (P < 0.0001). Left anterior descending (67.3%) and right coronary (41.3%) arteries predominantly affected, seen in significantly higher proportion of males (P = 0.003 and P = 0.011, respectively). Left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% was notably lower in males (P = 0.029). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was the primary treatment modality (59.3%), with significantly lower rates among females (43.1% vs. 60.9%, P = 0.040).

Conclusion:

Despite the increasing prevalence, research on gender differences in young adults with ACS is limited, especially in the Indian population. We observed higher obesity rates in females compared to males, along with lower rates of multivessel disease in females. Males had lower ejection fractions and underwent PCI more often than females. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific approaches and tailored interventions in ACS management.
Leprosy reactions: New knowledge on pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention
Authors: Mehta Hitaishi , Jain Sejal , Narang Tarun , Chhabra Seema , Dogra Sunil
Published: December 2024

Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis, is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease. Leprosy reactions, characterised by neurocutaneous inflammation, complicate the disease’s indolent course, leading to significant morbidity. However, limited knowledge of reaction pathophysiology stems from a lack of experimental models and the abrupt onset of reactional episodes, posing challenges in delineating initial pathogenic steps. In type 1 reactions, ongoing studies explore the roles of interferon-gamma which results in increased interleukin (IL)-15 and autophagy. Leprosy reactions also exhibit an increase in T helper 17 (Th17) and a decrease in T-regulatory cell (Treg) populations, resulting in diminished tumour growth factor-beta and heightened IL-6 and IL-21 production. Exploring the pathogenesis of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reveals insights into neutrophils, Toll-like receptor 9, B-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, IL-10 pathway and neurotrophins. Noteworthy therapeutic targets include increased expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Early reaction diagnosis is crucial to limit neural damage, with high-resolution ultrasonography showing promise in detecting minimal nerve involvement. Therapies for ENL management, such as thalidomide, methotrexate, apremilast, minocycline and tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, hold potential. This review addresses recent advances in leprosy reaction pathogenesis and diagnostics, offering therapeutic insights and preventive strategies to mitigate their onset.
Trends in dengue virus positivity & serotyping in Rajasthan
Authors: Sharma Pratibha , Malhotra Bharti , Sharma Himanshu , Bhomia Neha , Deeba Farah , Kuldeep Anjana , Trivedi Khushbu , Tiwari Jitendra , Kaur Harmanmeet , Vijay Neetu
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives

Dengue virus causes frequent outbreaks and epidemics with high morbidity and mortality. It is important to monitor the trends of the dengue virus and its serotypes. We carried out the present work to study the prevalence of the dengue virus and its serotypes in clinically suspected cases of dengue in Rajasthan.

Methods

A total of 1,47,777 individuals reporting as pyrexia of unknown origin or clinically suspected of dengue infection were included in this study. The presence of dengue NS1 antigen and dengue IgM was tested by ELISA. Nucleic acid extraction and PCR was done for detection of dengue virus RNA. Serotyping of representative dengue PCR-positive samples was done by real time PCR.

Results

Of the 1,47,777 dengue suspected cases, 28092 (19.01%) were positive for dengue by NS1antigen or IgM ELISA. Year-wise percentage positivity from 2015 to 2022 was 30.42, 16.49, 17.81, 20.15, 20.50, 9.25, 24.55 and 15.16 per cent, respectively. Males of age >15 yr were found to be more commonly affected. The number of dengue cases was significantly higher during the post-monsoon period throughout the eight-year study period. All four dengue serotypes circulated during the study period. DENV-2 and DENV-3 were the predominant serotypes during 2015 to 2017, while DENV-1 and DENV-2 were predominant during 2018 to 2022.

Interpretation & conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that the dengue positivity in Rajasthan was the highest in post-monsoon season among adult males. The serotype prevalent varied from time to time and was helpful in understanding the changing epidemiology of DENV.
On-the-spot spirometry & combined salbutamol & glycopyrronium reversibility testing in obstructive airway disease: A real-world appraisal
Authors: Bhattacharyya Parthasarathi , Sen Srijita , Ghosh Shuvam , Dey Debkanya , Sengupta Sayoni , Karmakar Sayanti , Saha Dipanjan , Kar Avishek , Banerjee Rajat
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives

Spirometric glycopyrronium responsiveness, a new advent, needs to be examined at in terms of degree and frequency in different obstructive-airway diseases diagnosed in real world practise.

Methods

Serial and willing symptomatic affected individuals of suspected airway disease underwent a pragmatic post-consultation spirometry-protocol on the same day with salbutamol followed by glycopyrronium bromide. The diagnosis of asthma (FEV1-reversibility ≥ 200 ml + 12%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (FEV1/FVC<0.7 and FEV1-reversibility <200 ml and/or 12%), and ‘unclassified’ (neither asthma nor COPD) were determined on post-salbutamol changes. The performances of the two classes of bronchodilators were compared on FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEV1, and FEF-25-75 while the relative frequency of significant responsiveness for salbutamol (≥200 ml) and glycopyrronium (≥100 ml) were noted.

Results

Fifteen hundred and eighty study participants consisting of asthma (n=329; 21%), COPD (n=641; 40%), and ‘unclassified’ (n=610; 39%) were included. Both salbutamol and glycopyrronium had demonstrated improvement across the spirometric parameters. The salbutamol responsiveness was statistically significant in all but COPD in terms of absolute values of FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75 and the glycopyrronium responsiveness was significant in all plus COPD in FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75 values. While all the asthmatics, 9.83 per cent of ‘unclassified’ study participants, and none of the COPD affected individuals had significant FEV1 responsiveness to salbutamol, the glycopyrronium responsiveness for the three conditions were 38.3, 40.25 and 24.26 per cent, respectively. The combined reversibility for asthma, COPD, and unclassified were 401.5±173.9, 119.5±109.3, and 158.7±136.3 ml, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions

Spirometry with serial salbutamol and glycopyrronium responsiveness may prove helpful in identifying syndromic diagnosis and choosing the bronchodilator treatment of airway diseases.
Possibility of re-purposing antifungal drugs posaconazole & isavuconazole against promastigote form of Leishmania major
Authors: Bhusal Chandra Kanta , Beniwal Pooja , Singh Sarman , Kaur Davinder , Kaur Upninder , Kaur Sukhbir , Sehgal Rakesh
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives

The emergence of drug resistance in leishmaniasis has remained a concern. Even new drugs have been found to be less effective within a few years of their use. Coupled with their related side effects and cost-effectiveness, this has prompted the search for alternative therapeutic options. In this study, the Computer Aided Drug Design (CADD) approach was used to repurpose already existing drugs against Leishmania major. The enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51), in L. major, was chosen as the drug target since it is a key enzyme involved in synthesizing ergosterol, a crucial component of the cell membrane.

Methods

A library of 1615 FDA-approved drugs was virtually screened and docked with modeled CYP51 at its predicted binding site. The drugs with high scores and high affinity were subjected to Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations for 100 ns. Finally, the compounds were tested in vitro using an MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] assay against the promastigotes of L. major.

Results

Computational screening of FDA-approved drugs identified posaconazole and isavuconazole as promising candidates, as both drugs target the CYP51 enzyme in fungi. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that both drugs form stable complexes with the target enzyme. In vitro studies of posaconazole and isavuconazole against promastigotes of L. major demonstrated significant efficacy, with IC50 values of 2.062±0.89 µg/ml and 1.202±0.47 µg/ml, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions

The study showed that the existing FDA-approved drugs posaconazole and isavuconazole can successfully be repurposed for treating L. major by targeting the CYP51 enzyme, demonstrating significant efficacy against promastigotes.
Urinary Abnormalities Among Asymptomatic Adolescents in Rural Tamil Nadu
Authors: Roy Dhanya , Singh Sundar , Mohan Jesinth , Joseph Leni Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background

The utility of screening for chronic kidney disease in children and adolescents remains controversial. Since it is difficult to screen all the children, we aimed to look into at-risk children who will benefit from asymptomatic urine analysis.

Materials and Methods

The study was done on 2201 students between 10 and 18 years of age (fifth to twelfth grade) from the rural schools of central Tamil Nadu. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and urine analysis was done in the schools with ten parametric dipsticks. Anthropometry was classified using the World Health Organization’s AnthroPlus software.

Results

Dipstick urinalysis was done on 2121 adolescents, and 10.18% showed an abnormality. The most common abnormality was the presence of red blood cells in urine at 4.2%, followed by leukocyturia at 3.7% and proteinuria at 2.4%. Leukocyturia was more common among females (7.8% versus 0.7% in males). Children with wasting were found to have 1.83 times higher risk for proteinuria (p-value 0.025).

Conclusion

Children with Body Mass Index Z-Scores < 2, especially females, may benefit from selective urinary screening.
Nephrology Services in Odisha
Authors: Rout Shashi Bhushan , Mahakur Amod Chandra
Published: December 2024

Odisha, located on the east coast of India covers 155,707 sq. km and has a population of approximately 40 million, primarily residing in rural areas. Despite its wealth in water, forests, and minerals, Odisha struggles with poverty and is impacted by frequent natural disasters such as droughts and cyclones. The prevalence of tropical diseases such as malaria and cholera is high, alongside inherited disorders such as sickle cell disease. The state has developed nephrology services since 1960s. Currently, about 900 dialysis machines operate across Odisha. Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology remains a critical issue, particularly in areas such as Narsinghpur. Efforts are ongoing to improve healthcare infrastructure and research to address these challenges effectively.
Tibetan Nominalized Verb Phrases and Their Modeling in the Formal Grammar and the Computer Ontology
Authors: Dobrov A.V. , Dobrova A.E. , Dzhangolskaya O.V. , Smirnova M.P. , Soms N.L.
Published: December 2024

The Tibetan language is characterized by widespread of nominalizing particles and noun-nominalizers as well as different types of nominalization constructions (clausal nominalization, action nominalization). Regular nominalizers (i.e., nominalizing particles) convert a verb or a verb phrase into a semantically neutral proposition that can be used in a nominal context. Noun-nominalizers can also function as nouns and usually occur in ambiguous context. Such nominalizers add specific meaning to the newly formed proposition. The phenomenon of nominalization is still subject to thorough investigation based on corpus data. Given article describes different types of nominalizers, types of constructions with them, and methods of their modeling in the formal grammar and the computer ontology.
Модель цифровых навыков кибербезопасности 2020
Authors: Сухомлин В.А. , Белякова О.С. , Климина А.С. , Полянская М.С. , Русанов А.А.
Published: December 2024

Стремительные темпы всеобъемлющей цифровизации социума обусловливают рост технологической сложности и масштабности кибер-угроз, как в частном, так и в государственном секторах экономики. Это делает подготовку высококвалифицированных кадров по кибербезопасности приоритетной задачей системы образования и сферы управления персоналом и приводит к необходимости постоянного совершенствования программ подготовки профессионалов в области кибербезопасности. В статье представлены результаты разработки модели цифровых навыков для области кибербезопасности (информационной безопасности), собственно описание архитектуры модели, определяющей состав категорий и доменов навыков, востребованных для профессиональных кадров по кибербезопасности, а также состав навыков для основных профильных категорий модели. Модель навыков разработана с целью определения требований к учебным программам подготовки соответствующих профессиональных кадров, а также для разработки на ее основе свода знаний по кибербезопасности и куррикулума нового поколения – важнейших методических инструментов системы образования.

The rapid pace of the comprehensive digitalization of society leads to increasing technological complexity and scale of cyber threats, both in the private and public sectors of the economy. Therefore, the training of highly qualified cybersecurity personnel is becoming a priority task for the education system and personnel management, and there is also a need for continuous improvement of training programs for professionals in the field of cybersecurity. The article presents the results of the development of a digital skills model for the field of cybersecurity (information security), the actual description of the architecture of the model, which determines the composition of categories and domains of skills in demand for professional cybersecurity personnel, as well as the composition of skills for the main profile categories of the model. The skills model was developed in order to determine the requirements for curricula for the training of professional personnel, as well as to develop on its basis a body of knowledge on cybersecurity and a new generation curriculum - the most important methodological tools of the education system.
ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ ДЕФОРМАЦИЙ МАССИВОВ ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ПК «PROROCK»
Authors: Булат Тагирович Ильясов
Published: December 2024

С использованием ПК PROROCK выполнены расчеты деформаций группы уступов с различными горнотехническими и структурно-геологическими условиями. Возможность явного моделирования трещинообразования и разрушения, реализованная в данном программном комплексе, позволяет проследить образование тела обрушения, закономерности его формирования в зависимости от направления падения систем трещин. Модели групп уступов отличаются углами заоткоски и углами наклона систем трещин. Рассмотрено три варианта углов откосов и углов наклона систем трещин, расчеты выполнены для девяти моделей. Прочностные свойства пород в моделях заданы как функция времени и напряженного состояния, то есть учитывается длительная прочность горных пород. Анализ результатов расчетов показал наличие зависимости направления смещений как от угла падения трещин, так и от угла наклона участка борта карьера. Сделан вывод, что по направлениям смещений можно оценить степень опасности наблюдаемых деформаций. По результатам моделирования возможен прогноз контуров и объема потенциального тела обрушения с учетом структурно-геологических условий, определяются предельные величины смещений, после достижения которых начинается стадия прогрессирующего разрушения борта.

Deformations of benches group with various mining and structural-geological conditions using of PROROCK software have been calculated. The possibility of an explicit modeling of fracturing and fragmentation realized in this software package allows observing the formation of the failure body, the patterns of its formation depending on dip angle of the fissure systems. The models of bench groups differ in the bench face angles and the angles of inclination of the fissure systems. Three various inclination angles and fissure systems inclination angles have been examined, so the calculations have been performed for nine models. Strength properties of rocks in models have been given as a function of time and stress state, that is, the long-term strength has been taken into account. Analysis of the calculation results showed the dependence of the direction of displacements both on the fissure system inclination angle and on the inclination angle of the pit wall part. It allows the conclusion that after analyzing of displacement directions it is possible to estimate the danger grade of the observed deformations. Based on the modeling results and taking into account the structural-geological conditions, it is possible to forecast the form and the volume of the potential failure body, to determine the critical values of the displacements, beyond which the progressive failure stage of the pit wall begins.
РАЗРАБОТКА 3D ГЕОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ РУДНИКОВ И КАРЬЕРОВ
Authors: Светлана Андреевна Съедина , Аминям Абдулхамитовна Балтиева , Ляззат Саевна Шамганова
Published: December 2024

Рассмотрены этапы создания трехмерных геомеханических моделей при разработке месторождений подземным и открытым способами, в основу которых входят результаты расчетов коэффициента запаса устойчивости бортов карьера и рейтингов устойчивости подземных рудников. Геомеханическая модель состоит из четырех основных компонентов - геологической, структурной, гидрогеологической моделей и модели породного массива. Модели строятся на основе геологических, гидрогеологических, геотехнических данных месторождения и с этих позиций позволяют оптимизировать работу всего предприятия, правильно оценивать риски, научно обосновывать параметры отработки месторождения. Создание геомеханических моделей включает в себя несколько этапов: сбор и обработку данных, анализ полученных результатов, перевод графической документации в цифровую, работу с цифровыми данными в специализированных ГИС.

This article describes the stages of creating three-dimensional geomechanical models in developing of deposits by underground and open methods, based on the results of calculating the safety factor of the open pit sides and stability ratings of underground mines. The geomechanical model consists of four main components - geological, structural, hydrogeological models and rock mass model. The models are based on the geological, hydrogeological, and geotechnical data of the deposit, such geomechanical models allow to optimize the work of the whole enterprise, correctly assess the risks, scientifically justify the parameters of field development. The creation of geomechanical models includes several stages: the collection and processing of data, the analysis of the obtained results, the transferring of graphic documentation into digital one, and the working with digital data in specialized GIS.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ТИПОРАЗМЕРА АВТОСАМОСВАЛА НА РАЗНОС БОРТОВ КАРЬЕРА
Authors: Артем Геннадиевич Журавлев , Алексей Борисович Буднев
Published: December 2024

В статье рассмотрено влияние массогабаритных характеристик автосамосвала (ширины и грузоподъемности) на объем, дополнительный разнос, а также угол погашения борта карьера. Через логическую цепочку взаимовлияния грузоподъемности карьерного самосвала «ширина самосвала - ширина транспортной бермы - угол откоса борта - объем карьера» путем аппроксимации эмпирических данных установлены закономерности изменения объема карьера от массогабаритных параметров, применяемых для их отработки карьерных автосамосвалов. При обосновании оптимального инструмента проведения исследования были дополнительно рассмотрены аналитические методики оценки объема карьера и предложен улучшенный способ его определения.

The paper considers the influence of the mass-dimensional characteristics of the dump truck (width and carrying capacity) on the volume, additional spacing, as well as the angle of incleaning of the quarry side. Through the logical chain of mutual influence of the load-carrying capacity of a mining dump truck “the width of the truck - the width of the transport berm - the angle of the slope of the side - the volume of the quarry” and by approximating the empirical data, the regularities in the change of the quarry volume from the mass-size parameters of the dump trucks used for mining have been definined. In substantiating the optimal research tool, analytical techniques for estimating the quarry volume have been further considered and an improved method for determining the quarry volume has been proposed.
Оценка устойчивости уступов карьеров, разрабатывающих месторождения алмазов Якутии (на примере карьеров "Юбилейный" и "Зарница")
Authors: Евгений Брониславович Яницкий , Владимир Александрович Дунаев , Александр Николаевич Овсянников , Иван Борисович Агарков
Published: December 2024

На примере карьеров «Зарница» и «Юбилейный» показано, что преобладание во вмещающих алмазоносные трубки Якутии массивах горных пород субвертикальных и субгоризонтальных разрывных нарушений исключает проявление типичных деформаций откосов уступов (клиновых, плоских и др.). Деформирование откосов уступов заключается, главным образом, в осыпании горных пород вследствие их криогенного выветривания. Вместе с тем при наличии протяженных трещин, субвертикальных простиранию уступа и падающих в массив горных пород возможно обрушение откоса путем опрокидывания элементарных породных блоков, а по сильно обводненным участкам субгоризонтальных нарушений в откосе образуются деформации со сложной геометрией их границ и углублением в породный массив с образованием нависающих над уступом козырьков горных пород. Для прогнозирования дальнейшего развития установленных деформаций необходим их мониторинг путем периодического лазерного сканирования с оценкой скорости разрастания деформаций.

The predominance of subvertical and subhorizontal disjunctive dislocations in the enclosing rocks of the kimberlites in Yakutia excludes the manifestation of typical deformations of the ledges slopes (wedge, flat etc.), as exemplified in the "Zarnitsa" and "Yubileyny" quarries. The deformation of the ledges slopes consists chiefly in the crumble of rocks because of their cryogenic weathering. Collapsing of the ledge by overturning elementary rock blocks is possible, if there are long cracks that are subparallel to the slope plane and fall into the rock massif. Deformations with a complex geometry of their boundaries and a deepening into the rock massif, which form the overhangs of rocks overhanging over the ledge are formed over the heavily watered areas of subhorizontal cracks in the slope. It is necessary to monitor deformations by periodic laser scanning with the estimation of the rate of deformations growth in order to predict the further development of established deformations.
Система корпоративного обучения работников горно-машиностроительного комплекса
Authors: Татьяна Алексеевна Козлова , Дмитрий Григорьевич Мирошин
Published: December 2024

Актуальность исследуемой проблемы обусловлена тенденцией развития корпоративной подготовки работников на предприятиях горно-машиностроительного комплекса России, которая, в свою очередь, обусловила создание и развитие структуре предприятий специальных подразделений - образовательных центров, которые выполняют функции подготовки персонала с учетом специфики предприятия и систематизации корпоративного обучения персонала. Систематизация корпоративного обучения персонала в условиях образовательных подразделений предприятий возможна посредством моделирования профессиональной компетенции персонала, разработки образовательных технологий формирования профессиональной компетентности персонала в условиях корпорации организации учебного процесса внутри предприятия и вне его с учетом специфики деятельности предприятия и его отраслевой направленности, а также посредством разработки технологии формирования профессиональной компетентности работников предприятий горно-машиностроительного комплекса. Цель статьи заключается в описании разработанной авторами системы корпоративного обучения работников предприятий горно-машиностроительного комплекса России.
СРАВНЕНИЕ РАЗНЫХ ТИПОВ МЕХАНИЗМОВ ПЕРЕДВИЖЕНИЯ ГРУЗОВОЙ ТЕЛЕЖКИ КАРЬЕРНЫХ КАБЕЛЬНЫХ КРАНОВ
Authors: Алексей Андреевич Беспальков , Артем Геннадиевич Журавлев
Published: December 2024

Преимущество кабельных кранов по сравнению с другими видами подъемно-транспортных машин достигается на рабочих площадках, имеющих большие линейные размеры, которые могут быть полностью перекрыты пролетом крана, а также на объектах со сложным и труднопроходимым рельефом. Определенную область применения кабельные краны имеют и на открытых горных работах. Кабельные краны для карьеров, отрабатываемых по углубочной системе, должны иметь большие пролеты порядка 800 - 1000 м. В этом случае применение барабанной лебедки в качестве механизма передвижения грузовой тележки приведет к значительным габаритам привода и его потребной мощности. В статье рассматриваются способы снижения мощности привода и варианты реализации его конструктивных схем для обеспечения необходимого тягового фактора: лебедки, канатоведущие шкивы, натяжные устройства. По каждому варианту выполнены расчеты необходимых усилий. Показано, что предпочтительным вариантом будет применение схем с канатоведущим шкивом в сочетании с расположением башен кабельного крана на разновысотном уровне и использованием натяжного устройства для компенсации недостающей величины тягового фактора.

High efficiency of cable cranes in comparison with other types of hoisting machines is being achieved on the working areas of large linear dimensions that can be covered completely by a crane span, and on objects with complex and rugged terrain. A certain sector the cable cranes’ use has on open-pit mining works too. Cable cranes for quarries worked out according the deepening system should have large spans of about 800-1000 m. In this case, the use of a winch with a drum as a mechanism for moving the cargo trolley will lead to significant dimensions of the drive and its required power. The article considers ways to reduce the drive power and options for the implementation of its design schemes to ensure the necessary traction factor: winches, rope driving pulleys, tension devices. For each version, the necessary effort has been calculated. It is shown that the use of rope driving pulley circuits in combination with the location of the cable crane towers at a different height level and the use of a tension device to compensate the missing value of the traction factor will be the preferred option.
Совершенствование подземной разработки Соколовского месторождения системами с обрушением в условиях обводненных налегающих поро
Authors: Александр Евгеньевич Балек , Анатолий Дмитриевич Сашурин , Тимур Фаритович Харисов
Published: December 2024

Представлено решение актуальной проблемы обеспечения безопасности подземной разработки Соколовского железорудного месторождения от риска аварийных прорывов воды и грязевых масс в подземные выработки при использовании системы этажного принудительного обрушения с донным выпуском руды в условиях наличия покрывающей толщи обводненных рыхлых отложений. С учетом результатов натурных инструментальных исследований напряженно-деформированного состояния массива горных пород, вмещающего рудную залежь, разработана гидро-геомеханическая модель месторождения, отражающая тектоническое строение и геодинамическую активность рудо-породного массива, где были учтены все наиболее значимые факторы и особенности проявления современной геодинамики в рыхлых водонасыщенных отложениях и на земной поверхности. На основе гидро-геомеханической модели составлены технологические решения по совершенствованию подземной разработки Соколовского месторождения, направленные на минимизацию риска аварийных прорывов песчано-глинистых отложений (ПГО) в подземные выработки. Предложена двухстадийная система этажного принудительного обрушения с отбойкой руды на компенсационные камеры с равномерно-последовательным донным выпуском руды в пределах всего блока на площади не менее 4000 м с формированием наклонной границы «отбитая руда - налегающие породы».

The paper presents the solution of the actual problem of ensuring the safety of the underground mining of Sokolovskoe iron ore deposit from the risk of emergency breakthroughs of water and mud masses into underground mines using the system of induced level caving with bottom ore drawing under the conditions of presence of the overburden of watered unconsolidated deposits. Subject to the results of field instrumental studies of the stress-deformed state of the rock mass containing the ore deposit, we have developed a hydro-geomechanical model of the deposit, representing the tectonic structure and geodynamic activity of ore and rock mass where we have taken into account all the most significant factors and features of current geodynamics in the unconsolidated water-saturated sediments and on the earth surface. On the basis of the hydro-geomechanical model, we have made the technological solutions for the improvement of the underground mining of the Sokolovskoe deposit to minimize the risk of emergency breakthroughs of the argillo-arenaceous deposits into the underground mines. We have proposed a two-stage system of induced level caving with breaking the ore by compensating chambers with uniform-sequential bottom ore drawing within the entire block at the area of not less than 4000 m with the formation of inclined border "broken ore-overlying rocks".
ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ РАБОТЫ ПОГРУЗОЧНО-ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ
Authors: Альберт Александрович Котяшев
Published: December 2024

Проанализированы условия эксплуатации и технологические показатели работы горно-транспортного оборудования в динамике разработки месторождения по добыче хризотил-асбеста. Выявлены основные особенности и закономерности изменения параметров и показателей эксплуатации погрузочно-транспортных комплексов с ростом глубины карьеров, пространственных размеров и качества подготовки горной массы к выемке и доставке в пункты приема внутри карьера и на земной поверхности.
ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ДРОБЛЕНИЯ ТРУДНОВЗРЫВАЕМЫХ ПОРОД
Authors: Алексей Викторович Яковлев , Екатерина Сергеевна Шимкив , Татьяна Максимовна Переход
Published: December 2024

Исследования особенностей динамо-кинематических характеристик упругопластических деформаций, индуцированных технологическими взрывами при многорядном короткозамедленном взрывании, позволили установить механизм дробления и нарушения законтурного массива и разработать способы управления этим механизмом для повышения степени дробления отбиваемой части массива за счет снижения энергии взрыва, передаваемой в законтурный массив. Разработана и апробирована в промышленных условиях методика расчета интервалов времени замедления между зарядами, основанная на кинетике упругопластических деформаций с учетом установленных связей с физико-механическими и структурными характеристиками горных пород и взрывчатыми характеристиками ВВ.

Studies on the features of the dynamic and kinematic characteristics of elastoplastic deformations induced by technological explosions while multi-row short-deferred blasting allowed to estimate the crushing and displacement mechanism of the out-of-contour array and to develop ways to control this mechanism for the increasing the crushing degree of the blasted part of the array by reducing the blast energy transferred to the out-contouring array. The method for calculation the time intervals of deceleration between charges based on the kinetic of elastoplastic deformations with account for the established relationships with the physical and mechanical as well as structural characteristics of rocks and the explosive characteristics of explosives has been developed and approved under industrial conditions.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГОРНО-ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ФИЗИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД ЗОЛОТОРУДНОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ ДЕЛЬКЕН
Authors: Рассказов Максим Игоревич , Потапчук Марина Игоревна , Цой Денис Игоревич , Терешкин Андрей Александрович , Гладырь Андрей Владимирович
Published: December 2024

Представлены горно-геологические и структурные особенности золоторудного месторождения Делькен, а также результаты исследований физико-механических свойств горных пород. Входе работы были определены следующие параметры: плотность, пористость, предел прочности на одноосное сжатие, предел прочности на одноосное растяжение, прочность пород по шкале Протодьяконова, упругие свойства горных пород (коэффициент Пуассона и модуль Юнга). Для проведения испытаний были использованы прессы ToniPACTII - 2091, ToniNORM - 2020. По результатам измерений был построен паспорт прочности горных пород, который позволяет определить угол внутреннего трения и сцепления.

The article considers geological and structural features of Delken gold deposit, as well as physical and mechanical properties of the rocks. The following parameters were determined: density, porosity, uniaxial compression strength, uniaxial tensile strength, rock strength according to the Protodyakonov scale, elastic properties of rocks (Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus). The presses ToniPACT II - 2091 and ToniNORM - 2020 were used for the tests. Based on the measurement results, a rock strength certificate was developed which allows to determine the angle of internal friction and adhesion.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ МАКСИМАЛЬНОГО ИЗБЫТОЧНОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ НА ФРОНТЕ УДАРНОЙ ВОЗДУШНОЙ ВОЛНЫ ДЛЯ УСЛОВИЙ ВЗРЫВНЫХ РАБОТ НА КАРЬЕРЕ “ВОСТОЧНЫЙ” АО “МЕДВЕЖЬЯ ГОРА”
Authors: Меньшиков Павел Владимирович
Published: December 2024

При ведении взрывных работ на возвышенностях по отношению к охраняемым объектам и в широкой долине возможно негативное воздействие ударных воздушных волн (УВВ) на находящиеся вблизи отдельные жилые и промышленные здания и сооружения. Проанализированы факторы, влияющие на интенсивность распространения ударных воздушных волн. Проведен расчет максимального избыточного давления на фронте УВВ возле жилого дома и школы станицы Дербентская по методике Б. Н. Кутузова для слабых УВВ при положительной и отрицательной температуре воздуха и методике М. А. Садовского для удлиненных скважинных зарядов для условий ведения взрывных работ на карьере «Восточный» АО «Медвежья гора» вблизи значительного скопления людей. Реальные фактические значения избыточного давления на фронте УВВ от массовых взрывов в карьере могут отличаться в зависимости от реальных метеорологических условий (температуры, атмосферного давления, относительной влажности, скорости и направления ветра). Актуальность данных исследований заключается в обеспечении промышленной безопасности взрывных работ.

When conducting blasting operations in upland in relation to the guarded objects and in a wide valley, the impact of shock air waves (air blasts) on separate residential and industrial buildings and structures located nearby is possible. The paper considers the factors affecting the intensity of propagation of shock air waves. The maximum overpressure at the air-blast front near the apartment building and the school of Derbentskaya setlment was calculated using the method of B. N. Kutuzov for weak air-blast at positive and negative air temperatures and the method of M. A. Sadovsky for elongated blasthole charges for blasting conditions in the “Vostochniy” quarry of JSC “Medvezhya gora” near a large concentration of people. Actual values of overpressure at the air-blast front from large-scale blasts in a quarry may differ depending on real climatic and meteorological conditions (temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind speed and direction). The relevance of these studies is to ensure the industrial safety of blasting.
ГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ СЕЙСМОАКУСТИЧЕСКОГО МОНИТОРИНГА НА РАСВУМЧОРРСКОМ И ОБЪЕДИНЕННОМ КИРОВСКОМ РУДНИКАХ
Authors: Ломов Михаил Андреевич , Гладырь Андрей Владимирович
Published: December 2024

Сложность решения проблемы предупреждения природных и техногенных катастроф при интенсивном природопользовании связана с многофакторностью условий и причин возникновения катастрофических событий, со значительными вариациями свойств и состояния геосфер, с отсутствием надежных критериев и предвестников опасных динамических явлений. Современный научный подход к решению этой проблемы заключается в моделировании процессов, позволяющих адекватно описывать состояние изменяющихся природно-технических систем с последующей верификацией результатов теоретических исследований инструментальными методами. Еще больший эффект приносит совместное применение натурных и теоретических методов, объединенных общей идеологией и максимально адаптированных к условиям решаемой задачи, что обеспечивает непрерывный многопараметрический мониторинг геофизических полей и процессов в геосферах [1 - 4]. В этой связи представляется весьма актуальной постановка научно-исследовательской работы, направленной на развитие научно-методических основ и технических средств оценки и мониторинга опасных геомеханических процессов для снижения риска техногенных катастроф при освоении месторождений полезных ископаемых.

The complexity of solving the problem of preventing natural and man-made disasters in the intensive use of natural resources is associated with the multiplicity of conditions and causes of catastrophic events, significant variations in the properties and state of geospheres, the lack of reliable criteria and significators of dangerous dynamic phenomena. The modern scientific approach to solving this problem consists in modeling processes that allow us to adequately describe the state of changing natural and technical systems, followed by verification of the results of theoretical research using instrumental methods. Even more effective is the joint application of natural and theoretical methods, united by a common ideology and maximally adapted to the conditions of the problem to be solved, providing continuous multiparametric monitoring of geophysical fields and processes in geospheres. In this regard, it is very relevant to set up research work aimed at developing scientific and methodological foundations and technical means for assessing and monitoring dangerous geomechanical processes to reduce the risk of man-made disasters in the development of mineral deposits.