bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kupffer cells determine intrahepatic traffic of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin
Authors: Jiang Kuan , Tian Kaisong , Yu Yifei , Wu Ercan , Yang Min , Pan Feng , Qian Jun , Zhan Changyou
Published: July 2024

Intrahepatic accumulation dominates organ distribution for most nanomedicines. However, obscure intrahepatic fate largely hampers regulation on their in vivo performance. Herein, PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin is exploited to clarify the intrahepatic fate of both liposomes and the payload in male mice. Kupffer cells initiate and dominate intrahepatic capture of liposomal doxorubicin, following to deliver released doxorubicin to hepatocytes with zonated distribution along the lobule porto-central axis. Increasing Kupffer cells capture promotes doxorubicin accumulation in hepatocytes, revealing the Kupffer cells capture-payload release-hepatocytes accumulation scheme. In contrast, free doxorubicin is overlooked by Kupffer cells, instead quickly distributing into hepatocytes by directly crossing fenestrated liver sinusoid endothelium. Compared to free doxorubicin, liposomal doxorubicin exhibits sustained metabolism/excretion due to the extra capture-release process. This work unveils the pivotal role of Kupffer cells in intrahepatic traffic of PEGylated liposomal therapeutics, and quantitively describes the intrahepatic transport/distribution/elimination process, providing crucial information for guiding further development of nanomedicines.
The structural insight into the functional modulation of human anion exchanger 3
Authors: Jian Liyan , Zhang Qing , Yao Deqiang , Wang Qian , Chen Moxin , Xia Ying , Li Shaobai , Shen Yafeng , Cao Mi , Qin An , Li Lin , Cao Yu
Published: July 2024

Anion exchanger 3 (AE3) is pivotal in regulating intracellular pH across excitable tissues, yet its structural intricacies and functional dynamics remain underexplored compared to other anion exchangers. This study unveils the structural insights into human AE3, including the cryo-electron microscopy structures for AE3 transmembrane domains (TMD) and a chimera combining AE3 N-terminal domain (NTD) with AE2 TMD (hAE3NTD2TMD). Our analyzes reveal a substrate binding site, an NTD-TMD interlock mechanism, and a preference for an outward-facing conformation. Unlike AE2, which has more robust acid-loading capabilities, AE3’s structure, including a less stable inward-facing conformation due to missing key NTD-TMD interactions, contributes to its moderated pH-modulating activity and increased sensitivity to the inhibitor DIDS. These structural differences underline AE3’s distinct functional roles in specific tissues and underscore the complex interplay between structural dynamics and functional specificity within the anion exchanger family, enhancing our understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of the anion exchanger family.
Electrochemical deoxygenative amination of stabilized alkyl radicals from activated alcohols
Authors: Xu Jia , Liu Yilin , Wang Qing , Tao Xiangzhang , Ni Shengyang , Zhang Weigang , Yu Lei , Pan Yi , Wang Yi
Published: July 2024

Alkylamine structures represent one of the most functional and widely used in organic synthesis and drug design. However, the general methods for the functionalization of the shielded and deshielded alkyl radicals remain elusive. Here, we report a general deoxygenative amination protocol using alcohol-derived carbazates and nitrobenzene under electrochemical conditions. A range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkylamines are obtained. This practical procedure can be scaled up through electrochemical continuous flow technique.
The role of cellular senescence in ovarian aging
Authors: Hense Jéssica D. , Isola José V. V. , Garcia Driele N. , Magalhães Larissa S. , Masternak Michal M. , Stout Michael B. , Schneider Augusto
Published: July 2024

This review explores the relationship between ovarian aging and senescent cell accumulation, as well as the efficacy of senolytics to improve reproductive longevity. Reproductive longevity is determined by the age-associated decline in ovarian reserve, resulting in reduced fertility and eventually menopause. Cellular senescence is a state of permanent cell cycle arrest and resistance to apoptosis. Senescent cells accumulate in several tissues with advancing age, thereby promoting chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. Ovaries also appear to accumulate senescent cells with age, which might contribute to aging of the reproductive system and whole organism through SASP production. Importantly, senolytic drugs can eliminate senescent cells and may present a potential intervention to mitigate ovarian aging. Herein, we review the current literature related to the efficacy of senolytic drugs for extending the reproductive window in mice.
Adult-onset deletion of ATP13A2 in mice induces progressive nigrostriatal pathway dopaminergic degeneration and lysosomal abnormalities
Authors: Erb Madalynn L. , Sipple Kayla , Levine Nathan , Chen Xi , Moore Darren J.
Published: July 2024

Although most cases of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are sporadic, mutations in over 20 genes are known to cause heritable forms of the disease. Recessive loss-of-function mutations in ATP13A2, a lysosomal transmembrane P5B-type ATPase and polyamine exporter, can cause early-onset familial PD. Familial ATP13A2 mutations are also linked to related neurodegenerative diseases, including Kufor-Rakeb syndrome, hereditary spastic paraplegias, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Despite the severe effects of ATP13A2 mutations in humans, ATP13A2 knockout (KO) mice fail to exhibit neurodegeneration even at advanced ages, making it challenging to study the neuropathological effects of ATP13A2 loss in vivo. Germline deletion of ATP13A2 in rodents may trigger the upregulation of compensatory pathways during embryonic development that mask the full neurotoxic effects of ATP13A2 loss in the brain. To explore this idea, we selectively deleted ATP13A2 in the adult mouse brain by the unilateral delivery of an AAV-Cre vector into the substantia nigra of young adult mice carrying conditional loxP-flanked ATP13A2 KO alleles. We observe a progressive loss of striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals at 3 and 10 months after AAV-Cre delivery. Cre-injected mice also exhibit robust dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra at 10 months. Adult-onset ATP13A2 KO also recreates many of the phenotypes observed in aged germline ATP13A2 KO mice, including lysosomal abnormalities, p62-positive inclusions, and neuroinflammation. Our study demonstrates that the adult-onset homozygous deletion of ATP13A2 in the nigrostriatal pathway produces robust and progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration that serves as a useful in vivo model of ATP13A2-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Spin and lattice dynamics of the two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet CrI3
Authors: Kim Jonghyeon , Banerjee Saikat , Kim Junghyun , Lee Minseong , Son Suhan , Kim Jangwon , Jung Taek Sun , Sim Kyung Ik , Park Je-Geun , Kim Jae Hoon
Published: July 2024

Chromium tri-iodide (CrI3) is a prototypical ferromagnetic van der Waals insulator with its genuinely two-dimensional (2D) long-range magnetic order below 45 K demonstrated recently. The underlying magnetic anisotropy has not been completely understood while both the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction and the Kitaev$$-\Gamma$$

−
Γ

type interaction have been considered as the relevant magnetic Hamiltonian. In addition, the relation between the crystal structure and the magnetic order needs to be further elucidated concerning their possible coupling in few-layer samples and in the topmost surface layers of bulk samples. Here, we investigate these issues via temperature- and magnetic field-dependent terahertz spectroscopy on bulk CrI3 single crystals, focusing on the dynamics of ferromagnetic resonances (FMRs) and optical phonons in the terahertz (THz) region from 4 to 120 cm−1 (from 0.5 to 15 meV). We narrow down the possible ranges of the interaction parameters such as the off-diagonal symmetric terms and the single-ion anisotropy. The accurate values of these parameters significantly constrain the magnitude of possible Kitaev$$-\Gamma$$

−
Γ

exchange interaction and the topological magnon gap. Moreover, the structure-magnetism relationship was critically analyzed based on the temperature- and field-dependences of two $${{\rm{E}}}_{{\rm{u}}}$$

E

u

in-plane optical phonon modes, which shows that the commonly believed structural phase diagram of CrI3, derived from surface-preferential data, has to be seriously modified.
Safety and efficacy assessment of an mRNA rabies vaccine in dogs, rodents, and cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Li Jianglong , Yu Pengcheng , Liu Qi , Xu Long , Chen Yan , Li Yan , Zhang Fan , Zhu Wuyang , Peng Yucai
Published: July 2024

Rabies is a lethal disease caused by the rabies virus (RABV), which causes acute neurological infections in mammals, including human beings. We previously reported that an mRNA vaccine (LVRNA001) encoding the rabies virus’s glycoprotein induced strong protective immune responses to rabies in mice and dogs. Here, we further evaluate the safety of LVRNA001. First, we performed a confirmative efficacy study in dogs, which showed that LVRNA001 fully protected the animals from the virus, both pre- and post-infection. Moreover, using pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis murine models, we showed that LVRNA001, built from the CTN-1 strain, was able to protect against various representative RABV strains from the China I–VII clades. To evaluate the safety of the vaccine, chronic and reproductive toxicity studies were performed with cynomolgus macaques and rats, respectively. In a repeated-dose chronic toxicity study, vaccinated monkeys displayed no significant alterations in body weight, temperature, or hematological and biochemical markers. Lymphocyte subset measurement and histopathological examination showed that no toxicity was associated with the vaccine. The immunogenicity study in cynomolgus macaques demonstrated that LVRNA001 promoted the generation of neutralizing antibodies and Th1-biased immune response. Evaluation of reproductive toxicity in rats revealed that administration of LVRNA001 had no significant effects on fertility, maternal performance, reproductive processes, and postnatal outcomes. In conclusion, LVRNA001 can provide efficient protection against rabies virus infection in dogs and mice, and toxicity studies showed no significant vaccine-related adverse effects, suggesting that LVRNA001 is a promising and safe vaccine candidate for rabies prophylaxis and therapy.
A panel sequencing dataset of peripheral blood gene variations in pan-cancer
Authors: Liu Yanxia , Liu Jie , Zhang Shouwei , Wang Jinyue , Sun Zhihong , Sun Huaibo , Yang Ying , Zheng Guangmin , Huang Yu , Li Meng , Zhang Zhaojun , Xiao Jingfa , Zeng Changqing , Sun Chengming , Qu Hongzhu , Fang Xiangdong
Published: July 2024

Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the peripheral blood is a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Somatic mutations identified in cancers have been used to detect therapeutic targets for clinical transformation and individualize drug selection, while germline variants can predict a patient’s risk of developing cancer and drug sensitivity. However, no platform has been developed to analyze, calculate, integrate, and friendly visualize these pan-cancer cfDNA mutations deeply. In this work, we performed panel sequencing encompassing 1,115 cancer-related genes across 16,659 cancer patients, spanning 27 cancer types. We detected 496 germline variants in leukocytes and 11,232 somatic mutations in the cfDNA of all patients. CPGV (Cancer Peripheral blood Gene Variations), a database constructed from this dataset, is the first pan-cancer cfDNA database that encompasses somatic mutations, germline variants, and further comparative analyses of mutations across different cancer types. It bears great promise to serve as a valuable resource for cancer research.
Dataset of replicate Apollo sample magnetizations bearing on impacts and absence of a long-lived lunar dynamo
Authors: Cottrell Rory D. , Zhou Tinghong , Tarduno John A.
Published: July 2024

The absence or presence of a lunar paleomagnetosphere is important because it bears directly on the volatile content of the regolith and exploration targets for Artemis and other missions to the Moon. Recent paleointensity study of samples from the Apollo missions has readdressed this question. Multiple specimens from a young 2-million-year-old glass shows a strong magnetization compatible with that induced by charge-separation in an impact plasma, whereas paleointensities of single crystals yield evidence for null magnetizations spanning 3.9 to 3.2 Ga. Together, these data are consistent with an impact mechanism for the magnetization of some lunar samples, and absence of a long-lived lunar core dynamo and paleomagnetosphere recorded in other samples. Here, we present a dataset that allows researchers to examine replicates of these measurements. For the glass, we present data from specimens that fail standard paleointensity selection criteria but nevertheless imply a complex, changing magnetic field environment. For the single crystals, the replicate measurements further illustrate the initial zero magnetization state of these materials.
Cognitive tasks, anatomical MRI, and functional MRI data evaluating the construct of self-regulation
Authors: Bissett Patrick G. , Eisenberg Ian W. , Shim Sunjae , Rios Jaime Ali H. , Jones Henry M. , Hagen McKenzie P. , Enkavi A. Zeynep , Li Jamie K. , Mumford Jeanette A. , MacKinnon David P. , Marsch Lisa A. , Poldrack Russell A.
Published: July 2024

We describe the following shared data from N = 103 healthy adults who completed a broad set of cognitive tasks, surveys, and neuroimaging measurements to examine the construct of self-regulation. The neuroimaging acquisition involved task-based fMRI, resting state fMRI, and structural MRI. Each subject completed the following ten tasks in the scanner across two 90-minute scanning sessions: attention network test (ANT), cued task switching, Columbia card task, dot pattern expectancy (DPX), delay discounting, simple and motor selective stop signal, Stroop, a towers task, and a set of survey questions. The dataset is shared openly through the OpenNeuro project, and the dataset is formatted according to the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) standard.
A chromosome-level genome assembly of Prosopocoilus inquinatus Westwood, 1848 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)
Authors: Pang Bo , Zhan Zhihong , Wang Yunchao
Published: July 2024

Lucanidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are fascinating beetles exhibiting significant dimorphism and are widely used as beetle evolutionary study models. However, lacking high-quality genomes prohibits our understanding of Lucanidae. Herein, we proposed a chromosome-level genome assembly of a widespread species, Prosopocoilus inquinatus, combining PacBio HiFi, Illumina, and Hi-C data. The genome size reaches 649.73 Mb, having the scaffold N50 size of 59.50 Mb, and 99.6% (647.13 Mb) of the assembly successfully anchored on 12 chromosomes. The BUSCO analysis of the genome exhibits a completeness of 99.6% (n = 1,367), including 1,362 (98.5%) single-copy BUSCOs and 15 (1.1%) duplicated BUSCOs. The genome annotation identifies that the genome contains 61.41% repeat elements and 13,452 predicted protein-coding genes. This high-quality Lucanidae genome provides treasured genomic information to our knowledge of stag beetles.
Neonatal hyperoxia exposure leads to developmental programming of cardiovascular and renal disease in adult rats
Authors: DeFreitas Marissa J. , Shelton Elaine L. , Schmidt Augusto F. , Ballengee Sydne , Tian Runxia , Chen PingPing , Sharma Mayank , Levine Amanda , Katz Emily Davidovic , Rojas Claudia , Abitbol Carolyn L. , Hunter Juanita , Kulandavelu Shathiyah , Wu Shu , Young Karen C. , Benny Merline
Published: July 2024

Premature infants are often exposed to hyperoxia. However, there is limited data regarding the mechanistic underpinnings linking neonatal hyperoxia exposure and its contribution to cardio-renal dysfunction in adults born preterm. Our objective was to determine whether neonatal hyperoxia induces systemic vascular stiffness and cardio-renal dysfunction in adulthood. Newborn rats were randomly assigned to room air (RA) or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal day 1 to 14, then recovered in RA until 1 year of life. Arterial stiffness, cardio-renal histomorphometry, and fibrosis in the aorta, heart, and kidney were assessed. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of the aorta and kidney was also done. Adult rats exposed to neonatal hyperoxia had increased aortic and mesenteric artery stiffness as demonstrated by wire and pressure myography. They also had cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, glomerulomegaly, and tubular injury. Hyperoxia exposure altered the transcriptome profile associated with fibrosis and matrix remodeling in the aorta and kidney. There was also increased TGF-β1 levels and fibrosis in the aorta, left ventricle, and kidney. In conclusion, neonatal hyperoxia exposure was associated with systemic vascular and cardio-renal alterations in 1-year-old rats. Further studies to determine how targeted therapies could reprogram cardio-renal injury after neonatal hyperoxia exposure are indicated.
Plant-associated halotolerant bacteria improving growth of Vicia faba L. Mariout-2 under salinity conditions
Authors: Wael Dalia , El-Amier Yasser , Saber Wesameldin I. A. , Elsayed Ashraf
Published: July 2024

In this comprehensive investigation, we successfully isolated and characterized 40 distinct plant-associated halotolerant bacteria strains obtained from three halophytic plant species:Tamarix nilotica,Suaeda pruinosa,andArthrocnemum macrostachyum. From this diverse pool of isolates, we meticulously selected five exceptional plant-associated halotolerant bacteria strains through a judiciously designed seed biopriming experiment and then identified molecularly.Bacillus amyloliquefaciensDW6 was isolated fromA. macrostachyum.Three bacteria (Providencia rettgeriDW3, Bacillus licheniformisDW4,andSalinicoccus sesuviiDW5) were isolated for the first time fromT. nilotica, S. pruinosaandS. pruinosa, respectively.Paenalcaligenes suwonensisDW7 was isolated for the first time fromA. macrostachyum. These plant-associated halotolerant bacteria exhibited growth-promoting activities, including phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and production of bioactive compounds, i.e., ammonia, phytohormones, hydrogen cyanide, siderophores, and exopolysaccharides. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted to reduce the detrimental impact of soil salinity.Vicia fabaseedlings were inoculated individually or in mixtures by the five most effective plant-associated halotolerant bacteria to reduce the impact of salt stress and improve growth parameters. The growth parameters were significantly reduced due to the salinity stress in the control samples, compared to the experimental ones. The unprecedented novelty of our findings is underscored by the demonstrable efficacy of co-inoculation with these five distinct bacterial types as a pioneering bio-approach for countering the deleterious effects of soil salinity on plant growth. This study thus presents a remarkable contribution to the field of plant science and offers a promising avenue for sustainable agriculture in saline environments.
GSHFA-HCP: a novel intelligent high-performance clustering protocol for agricultural IoT in fragrant pear production monitoring
Authors: Zhou Peng , Chen Wei , Wang Jing , Wang Huan , Zhang Yunfeng , Cao Bingyu , Sun Shan , He Lina
Published: July 2024

The agriculture Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely applied in assisting pear farmers with pest and disease prediction, as well as precise crop management, by providing real-time monitoring and alerting capabilities. To enhance the effectiveness of agriculture IoT monitoring applications, clustering protocols are utilized in the data transmission of agricultural wireless sensor networks (AWSNs). However, the selection of cluster heads is a NP-hard problem, which cannot be solved effectively by conventional algorithms. Based on this, This paper proposes a novel AWSNs clustering model that comprehensively considers multiple factors, including node energy, node degree, average distance and delay. Furthermore, a novel high-performance cluster protocol based on Gaussian mutation and sine cosine firefly algorithm (GSHFA-HCP) is proposed to meet the practical requirements of different scenarios. The innovative Gaussian mutation strategy and sine–cosine hybrid strategy are introduced to optimize the clustering scheme effectively. Additionally, an efficient inter-cluster data transmission mechanism is designed based on distance between nodes, residual energy, and load. The experimental results show that compared with other four popular schemes, the proposed GSHFA-HCP protocol has significant performance improvement in reducing network energy consumption, extending network life and reducing transmission delay. In comparison with other protocols, GSHFA-HCP achieves optimization rates of 63.69%, 17.2%, 19.56%, and 35.78% for network lifespan, throughput, transmission delay, and packet loss rate, respectively.
Vertical and horizontal environmental DNA (eDNA) patterns of fish in a shallow and well-mixed North Sea area
Authors: Dukan Nergiz , Cornelis Isolde , Maes Sara , Hostens Kris , De Backer Annelies , Derycke Sofie
Published: July 2024

The integration of eDNA metabarcoding into monitoring programs provides valuable information about fish community structures. Despite the growing body of evidence supporting the method's effectiveness in distinguishing fine-scale eDNA signals, there is a limited understanding of eDNA distribution in shallow, well-mixed environments, especially related to sampling depth. We analyzed 167 samples collected from the surface and bottom water at 17 locations of the Belgian Part of the North Sea (BPNS), where the deepest sampling point was 31 m, and compared this to beam trawl catch data collected simultaneously at the same locations. eDNA metabarcoding identified an additional 22 species compared to beam trawl catch data. Diversity measures and patterns were very similar between surface and bottom samples and revealed community patterns that were previously described by long-term beam trawl catch data. Surface and bottom samples had 39 fish species in common, while six and eight rare species were uniquely detected, respectively. Our results demonstrate that eDNA metabarcoding effectively identifies spatial community patterns of fishes in the highly dynamic environment of the BPNS regardless of sampling depth. Out of the six most common species tested, eDNA metabarcoding read abundances correlated strongly with catch-based abundance data for one species, but moderately for two others, indicating that inferring fish abundance and biomass via eDNA metabarcoding remains challenging.
The impact of farmers’ participation in green cooperative production on green performance—A study based on the moderating effect of environmental regulation
Authors: Zhang Zhenghua , Wang Xiahui , Yi Xingchen , Hu Lun
Published: July 2024

Based on 491 farmers joining in cooperatives microscopic data in Jiangxi Province,the paper uses Ordinary Least Squares to test the influence mechanism of cooperative green production on green performance, and takes environmental regulation as a regulatory variable to explore the relationship between cooperative green production and cooperative green performance. The results have shown that: (1) The green production cooperatives have a significant positive impact on their green performance, and the impact of green production on economic performance, social performance and ecological performance gradually strengthens from weak to strong; (2) Environmental regulations have a positive regulatory effect on the relationship between cooperative green production and cooperative green performance, among which three types of environmental regulations, namely, incentive, restraint and guided, can strengthen the positive relationship between green production and green performance.
Transformer-based land use and land cover classification with explainability using satellite imagery
Authors: Khan Mehak , Hanan Abdul , Kenzhebay Meruyert , Gazzea Michele , Arghandeh Reza
Published: July 2024

Transformer-based models have greatly improved Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) applications. Their revolutionary ability to analyze and extract key information has greatly advanced the field. However, the high computational cost of these models presents a considerable obstacle to their practical implementation. Therefore, this study aims to strike a balance between computational cost and accuracy when employing transformer-based models for LULC analysis. We exploit transfer learning and fine-tuning strategies to optimize the resource utilization of transformer-based models. Furthermore, transparency is the core principle of our methodology to promote fairness and trust in applying LULC models across various domains, including forestry, environmental studies, and urban or rural planning. To ensure transparency, we have employed Captum, which enables us to uncover and mitigate potential biases and interpret AI-driven decisions. Our results indicate that transfer learning can potentially improve transformer-based models in satellite image classification, and strategic fine-tuning can maintain efficiency with minimal accuracy trade-offs. This research highlights the potential of Explainable AI (XAI) in Transformer-based models for achieving more efficient and transparent LULC analysis, thereby encouraging continued innovation in the field.
Cod otoliths document accelerating climate impacts in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Heimbrand Yvette , Limburg Karin , Hüssy Karin , Næraa Tomas , Casini Michele
Published: July 2024

Anthropogenic deoxygenation of the Baltic Sea caused major declines in demersal and benthic habitat quality with consequent impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Using Baltic cod otolith chemical proxies of hypoxia, salinity, and fish metabolic status and growth, we tracked changes from baseline conditions in the late Neolithic (4500 BP) and early twentieth century to the present, in order to understand how recent, accelerating climate change has affected this key species. Otolith hypoxia proxies (Mn:Mg) increased with expanding anoxic water volumes, but decreased with increasing salinity indexed by otolith Sr:Ca. Metabolic status proxied by otolith Mg:Ca and reconstructed growth were positively related to dissolved oxygen percent saturation, with particularly severe declines since 2010. This long-term record of otolith indicators provides further evidence of a profound state change in oxygen for the worse, in one of the world’s largest inland seas. Spreading hypoxia due to climate warming will likely impair fish populations globally and evidence can be tracked with otolith chemical biomarkers.
The improvement of deformability in AA7075 alloy through cryogenic treatment and its correlation with microstructural evolution and FE modelling
Authors: Chankitmunkong Suwaree , Eskin Dmitry G. , Patakham Ussadawut , Chancharoen Wares , Seehanam Saran , Limmaneevichitr Chaowalit , Pandee Phromphong
Published: July 2024

Cryogenic treatment has high potential for improving the deformation behavior through the recrystallization at a low temperature. In this work, true stress–strain curves were obtained via compression tests to understand the deformation behavior of an AA7075 under cryogenic conditions. Results showed a significant improvement in the flow stress of AA7075, increasing from 260 to 560 MPa at the yield point. The strain hardening exponent (n) also increased from 0.25 to 0.35 after deformation at cryogenic temperatures. The presence of Al2CuMg phase influenced the deformation texture of the tested aluminum alloy, resulting in more elongated grains and fine sub-grains after deformation at cryogenic temperatures, due to the hindered recrystallization. Microstructure evolution after deformation at room and cryogenic temperatures was investigated using EBSD technique to characterize texture and recrystallized grains. The results indicated that the spacing of the high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) in the sample deformed at room temperature was slightly larger than in the cryogenically treated sample. The alloy deformed at the cryogenic temperature exhibited a higher strain hardening exponent (n = 0.35) compared to room temperature deformation (n = 0.25). Furthermore, finite element analysis supported the experimental findings, showing that the Plastic Equivalent Strain (PEEQ) of the model tested at cryogenic temperature was higher than at room temperature, attributed to grain refinement during low-temperature deformation. The calculated effective stress responses at cryogenic temperatures for the investigated flow stress aligned well with the experimental results. These new aspects and mechanisms of deformation of aluminum alloys at cryogenic temperatures can improve the formability of high-strength alloys in the future production of more complex and integrated lightweight components.
Interfacial engineering in SnO2-embedded graphene anode materials for high performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Xiaolu , Zhao Zhongtao , Deng Yufeng , Ouyang Dongsheng , Yang Xianfeng , Chen Shuguang , Liu Peng
Published: July 2024

Tin dioxide is regarded as an alternative anode material rather than graphite due to its high theoretical specific capacity. Modification with carbon is a typical strategy to mitigate the volume expansion effect of SnO2 during the charge process. Strengthening the interface bonding is crucial for improving the electrochemical performance of SnO2/C composites. Here, SnO2-embedded reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite with a low graphene content of approximately 5 wt.% was in situ synthesized via a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted hydrothermal method. The structural integrity of the SnO2/rGO composite is significantly improved by optimizing the Sn–O–C electronic structure with CTAB, resulting a reversible capacity of 598 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. CTAB-assisted synthesis enhances the rate performance and cyclic stability of tin dioxide/graphene composites, and boosts their application as the anode materials for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
Ancestry-associated co-alteration landscape of KRAS and EGFR-altered non-squamous NSCLC
Authors: Sisoudiya Saumya D. , Houle Armande Ang , Fernando Tharu , Wilson Timothy R. , Schutzman Jennifer L. , Lee Jessica , Schrock Alexa , Sokol Ethan S. , Sivakumar Smruthy , Shi Zhen , Pathria Gaurav
Published: July 2024

Racial/ethnic disparities mar NSCLC care and treatment outcomes. While socioeconomic factors and access to healthcare are important drivers of NSCLC disparities, a deeper understanding of genetic ancestry-associated genomic landscapes can better inform the biology and the treatment actionability for these tumors. We present a comprehensive ancestry-based prevalence and co-alteration landscape of genomic alterations and immunotherapy-associated biomarkers in patients with KRAS and EGFR-altered non-squamous (non-Sq) NSCLC. KRAS was the most frequently altered oncogene in European (EUR) and African (AFR), while EGFR alterations predominated in East Asian (EAS), South Asian (SAS), and Admixed American (AMR) groups, consistent with prior studies. As expected, STK11 and KEAP1 alterations co-occurred with KRAS alterations while showing mutual exclusivity with EGFR alterations. EAS and AMR KRAS-altered non-Sq NSCLC showed lower rates of co-occurring STK11 and KEAP1 alterations relative to other ancestry groups. Ancestry-specific co-alterations included the co-occurrence of KRAS and GNAS alterations in AMR, KRAS, and ARID1A alterations in SAS, and the mutual exclusivity of KRAS and NF1 alterations in the EUR and AFR ancestries. Contrastingly, EGFR-altered tumors exhibited a more conserved co-alteration landscape across ancestries. AFR exhibited the highest tumor mutational burden, with potential therapeutic implications for these tumors.
Histone lactylation-ROS loop contributes to light exposure-exacerbated neutrophil recruitment in zebrafish
Authors: Qiu Cheng-zeng , Zhou Ren , Zhang Hao-yi , Zhang Ling , Yin Zong-jun , Ren Da-long
Published: July 2024

Light serves as a crucial external zeitgeber for maintaining and restoring physiological homeostasis in most organisms. Disrupting of light rhythms often leads to abnormal immune function, characterized by excessive inflammatory responses. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain unclear. To address this concern, we use in vivo imaging to establish inflammation models in zebrafish, allowing us to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of light disruption on neutrophil recruitment. Our findings reveal that under sustained light conditions (LL), neutrophil recruitment in response to caudal fin injury and otic vesicle inflammation is significantly increased. This is accompanied by elevated levels of histone (H3K18) lactylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Through ChIP-sequencing and ChIP‒qPCR analysis, we discover that H3K18 lactylation regulates the transcriptional activation of the duox gene, leading to ROS production. In turn, ROS further promote H3K18 lactylation, forming a positive feedback loop. This loop, driven by H3K18 lactylation-ROS, ultimately results in the over recruitment of neutrophils to inflammatory sites in LL conditions. Collectively, our study provides evidence of a mutual loop between histone lactylation and ROS, exacerbating neutrophil recruitment in light disorder conditions, emphasizing the significance of maintaining a proper light-dark cycle to optimize immune function.
Modulation of large rhythmic depolarizations in human large basket cells by norepinephrine and acetylcholine
Authors: Yang Danqing , Qi Guanxiao , Ort Jonas , Witzig Victoria , Bak Aniella , Delev Daniel , Koch Henner , Feldmeyer Dirk
Published: July 2024

Rhythmic brain activity is critical to many brain functions and is sensitive to neuromodulation, but so far very few studies have investigated this activity on the cellular level in vitro in human brain tissue samples. This study reveals and characterizes a novel rhythmic network activity in the human neocortex. Using intracellular patch-clamp recordings of human cortical neurons, we identify large rhythmic depolarizations (LRDs) driven by glutamate release but not by GABA. These LRDs are intricate events made up of multiple depolarizing phases, occurring at ~0.3 Hz, have large amplitudes and long decay times. Unlike human tissue, rat neocortex layers 2/3 exhibit no such activity under identical conditions. LRDs are mainly observed in a subset of L2/3 interneurons that receive substantial excitatory inputs and are likely large basket cells based on their morphology. LRDs are highly sensitive to norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh), two neuromodulators that affect network dynamics. NE increases LRD frequency through β-adrenergic receptor activity while ACh decreases it via M4 muscarinic receptor activation. Multi-electrode array recordings show that NE enhances and synchronizes oscillatory network activity, whereas ACh causes desynchronization. Thus, NE and ACh distinctly modulate LRDs, exerting specific control over human neocortical activity.
A theoretical characterization of osmotic power generation in nanofluidic systems
Authors: Lavi Oren , Green Yoav
Published: July 2024

Water desalination and fluid-based energy harvesting systems utilize ion-selective nanoporous materials that allow preferential transport of ions that are oppositely charged to the surface charge, resulting in the creation of an electrical current. The resultant current forms due to a potential drop or a concentration gradient (or both) applied across the system. These systems are electrically characterized by their current-voltage, $$I-V$$
I
−
V
, response. In particular, there are three primary characteristics: the ohmic conductance, $${G}_{{{{{\rm{Ohmic}}}}}}=I/V$$

G

Ohmic

=
I
/
V
, the zero-voltage current, $${I}_{V=0}$$

I

V
=
0

, and the zero-current voltage, $${V}_{I=0}$$

V

I
=
0

. To date, there is no known self-consistent theory for these characteristics. Here, we present simple self-consistent expressions for each of these characteristics that provide remarkable insights into the underlying physics of water desalination and energy harvesting systems. These insights can be used to interpret (and reinterpret) the numerical and experimental measurements of any nanofluidic system subject to an arbitrary concentration gradient as well as improve their design.
Solid-state inorganic electrolytes for next generation potassium batteries
Authors: Grill Jonas , Steensen Simon K. , Castro Diana Lucia Quintero , Castelli Ivano E. , Popovic-Neuber Jelena
Published: July 2024

Necessary diversification of battery chemistry and related cell design call for investigation of more exotic materials and configurations, such as solid-state potassium batteries. In the core of their development lies the necessity of discovering new and electrochemically more efficient inorganic solid-state electrolytes. This review focuses on suitable chemical structures, their fundamental properties and status of the materials synthesis, related electrochemical performance, contemporary characterization techniques and modeling efforts for inorganic solid-state potassium electrolytes.
Seeking non-Fourier heat transfer with ultrabroad band thermoreflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Zenji Ahmad , Pernot Gilles , Lacroix David , Rampnoux Jean-Michel , Bourgeois Olivier , Grauby Stéphane , Dilhaire Stefan
Published: July 2024

Studying superdiffusive thermal transport is crucial for advanced thermal management in electronics and nanotechnology, ensuring devices run efficiently and reliably. Such study also contributes to the design of high-performance thermoelectric materials and devices, thereby improving energy efficiency. This work leads to a better understanding of fundamental physics and non-equilibrium phenomena, fostering innovations in numerous scientific and engineering fields. We are showing, from a one shot experiment, that clear deviations from classical Fourier behavior are observed in a semiconductor alloy such as InGaAs. These deviations are a signature of the competition that takes place between ballistic and diffusive heat transfers. Thermal propagation is modelled by a truncated Lévy model. This approach is used to analyze this ballistic-diffusive transition and to determine the thermal properties of InGaAs. The experimental part of this work is based on a combination of time-domain and frequency-domain thermoreflectance methods with an extended bandwidth ranging from a few kHz to 100 GHz. This unique wide-bandwidth configuration allows a clear distinction between Fourier diffusive and non-Fourier superdiffusive heat propagation in semiconductor materials. For diffusive processes, we also demonstrate our ability to simultaneously measure the thermal conductivity, heat capacity and interface thermal resistance of several materials over 3 decades of thermal conductivity.
Coating layer design principles considering lithium chemical potential distribution within solid electrolytes of solid-state batteries
Authors: Kimura Yuta , Fujisaki Takaya , Shimizu Tetsuya , Nakamura Takashi , Iriyama Yasutoshi , Amezawa Koji
Published: July 2024

Introducing a coating layer at an active material /solid electrolyte interface is crucial for ensuring thermodynamic stability of the solid electrolyte at interfaces in solid-state batteries. To thermodynamically protect the solid electrolyte, coating layers must maintain lithium chemical potential (μLi) at coating layer/solid electrolyte interfaces within the electrochemical window of the solid electrolyte. However, a general coating layer design principle to achieve this remains unestablished. Here we theoretically elucidate the µLi distribution across the solid electrolyte and coating layer, examining requirements for thermodynamic protection. We show that the protective capability of coating layers is not solely determined by their intrinsic characteristics, but also by the µLi distribution within the solid electrolyte and coating layer. We propose a quantitative approach based on µLi distribution to determine the required characteristics and geometries of coating layers that ensure the thermodynamic stability of the solid electrolyte while minimizing ohmic resistance, providing insights for coating layer design.
Realistic representation of mixed-phase clouds increases projected climate warming
Authors: Hofer Stefan , Hahn Lily C. , Shaw Jonah K. , McGraw Zachary S. , Bruno Olimpia , Hellmuth Franziska , Pietschnig Marianne , Mostue Idunn Aa. , David Robert O. , Carlsen Tim , Storelvmo Trude
Published: July 2024

Clouds are the main source of uncertainties when projecting climate change. Mixed-phase clouds that contain ice and supercooled-liquid particles are especially hard to constrain, and climate models neither agree on their phase nor their spatial extent. This is problematic, as models that underestimate contemporary supercooled-liquid in mixed-phase clouds will underestimate future warming. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that supercooled-liquid water in mixed-phase clouds is not homogeneously-mixed, neither vertically nor horizontally. However, while there have been attempts at observationally constraining mixed-phase clouds to constrain uncertainties in future warming, all studies only use the phase of the interior of mixed-phase clouds. Here we show, using novel satellite observations that distinguish between cloud-top and interior phase in mixed-phase clouds, that mixed-phase clouds are more liquid at the cloud top globally. We use these observations to constrain the cloud top phase in addition to the interior in a global climate model, leading to +1 °C more 21st century warming in NorESM2 SSP5-8.5 climate projections. We anticipate that the difference between cloud top and interior phase in mixed-phase clouds is an important new target metric for future climate model development, because similar mixed-phase clouds related biases in future warming are likely present in many climate models.
Plug flow and brecciation in volcanic conduits can emerge from shear-induced crystal migration in otherwise Newtonian magmas
Authors: Vasseur Jérémie , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Dingwell Donald B. , Lavallée Yan
Published: July 2024

In the Earth, the flow of crystal-bearing magma is thought to be non-Newtonian and shear thinning, but the physical origin for this is poorly understood. We use hydro-granular theory to show that the decoupled migration of crystals toward conduit cores during magma ascent is a tenable microphysical mechanism for plug flow, emergent in an otherwise purely Newtonian crystal-bearing magma. We use a numerical conduit model to define the flow development length beyond which crystal migration dominates and strain localises near conduit margins. Applied to magma ascent scenarios, we show that this crystal-migration strain localisation only develops in high crystallinity magmas or magmas ascending in very narrow cracks/conduits. In all other scenarios, crystals do not contribute to non-Newtonian behaviour and such magmas are usually strictly Newtonian. The ascent of very crystal-rich dome magma could be associated with strain localisation and crystal depletion at the conduit margins, lubricating ascent through the crust.
Human-induced warming accelerates local evapotranspiration and precipitation recycling over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cheng Tat Fan , Chen Deliang , Wang Bin , Ou Tinghai , Lu Mengqian
Published: July 2024

The Tibetan Plateau faces changing precipitation and environmental conditions affecting alpine ecosystems and downstream freshwater sustainability. While aerosol influence has been highlighted, how human-induced greenhouse warming impacts the plateau’s moisture recycling remains unclear. Here we show that the Tibetan Plateau’s recent precipitation changes result from enhanced precipitation recycling and moisture convergence that offset the decline in monsoon- and westerly-associated moisture transport based on 40-year Lagrangian simulations and water budget analyses. Local evapotranspiration is observed to increase faster in percentage than precipitation, a trend expected to continue in future warming scenarios according to climate projections. Greenhouse gas emission causes widespread wetting while weakening the southerly monsoons across the Himalayas, heightening the sensitivity of precipitation to evapotranspiration and thereby local land surface changes. This trend exacerbates vulnerability in the water cycle of high mountain Asia, calling for proactive management to address potential risks and ensure future water and food security in Asia.
Perspectives on climate change and infectious disease outbreaks: is the evidence there?
Authors: Charnley Gina E. C. , Kelman Ilan
Published: July 2024

The accelerated warming of the planet caused by anthropogenic climate change is very concerning, as its impacts have the potential to be broad and its effects widespread. One climate change impact with significant interest from scientists, politicians, the media and the general public, is the proposed changes to infectious disease dynamics. Climate change has the potential to alter disease transmission through expansion to naive populations or by worsening risk factors. However, limitations exist in our ability to forecast the climate and disease, including how we incorporate changes in human behaviour and how we attribute climate/weather events solely to an infectious disease outcome. Broad statements about the impact of the climate on infectious disease may not be helpful, as these relationships are highly complex and likely lead to an oversimplification. The interdisciplinary field of climate-health research has the attention of those outside of science, and it is the responsibility of those involved to communicate attribution on an evidence basis, for better scientific communication and public spending. The uncertainty around the impacts of climate change is a call for action, to prevent pushing the Earth’s systems into the unknown.
Longitudinal associations between time perspective and life satisfaction across adulthood
Authors: Wirth Maria , Wettstein Markus , Rothermund Klaus
Published: July 2024

Time perspective is an important predictor of well-being. How time is represented, is itself subject to developmental change. A time perspective dominated by the future is increasingly replaced by one focused on the present and past as remaining lifetime decreases. These age-related changes supposedly are associated with higher subjective well-being. Previous studies yielded heterogeneous results. However, these studies mostly investigated one dimension of time perspective and did not include younger and/or middle-aged adults. Thus, we investigated how changes in four facets of time perspective (past-orientation, concreteness of future time, obsolescence, and attitudes towards finitude) were related to changes in life and domain-specific satisfaction and if these relations were moderated by age. We used 10-year longitudinal data from an age-diverse sample comprising 459 participants (30–80 years). Concreteness was most consistently related to satisfaction. Individuals with overall higher concreteness reported higher life satisfaction and higher life satisfaction was reported on measurement occasions with higher concreteness. An age moderation was only found for satisfaction with mental fitness. Among younger but not older adults, satisfaction with mental fitness was higher on measurement occasions with higher concreteness. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the relation between time perspective and well-being across adulthood.
(C3H7NH3)4Bi1−xSbxI9: 0D hybrid halide perovskite-like compounds with isolated triiodide units
Authors: Pradhan Abinash , Rana Rajanikanta , Rajaraman Gopalan , Pradhan Monalisa , Samal Saroj L.
Published: July 2024

Low temperature (90 K) single crystal study on (C3H7NH3)4Bi1-xSbxI9 compounds shows a structural transition from space group C2/m to P21/c, which is associated with ordering, rearrangement and relaxation of the long-chain propyl amine group.