bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ritualized retail events and brand-centric employee culture
Authors: Liu Xi , Mi Bu , Li Fei , Zou Deqiang
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This study aims to explore how the ideal employee effects of internal marketing are created and sustained. It aims to reveal the role that outbound marketing activities play in the reproduction of a brand-centric employee culture.

Design/methodology/approach

From an organizational ritual perspective, this study conducts a qualitative study of a Chinese department store’s anniversary celebration, which is a multi-day annual sales event. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, supplemented with corporate documents and field observation.

Findings

This study reveals that the focal event remains a success because the well-managed coordination of its onstage and backstage activities serves to reproduce an employee culture of espousing and voluntarily enacting corporately mandated role norms, values and beliefs.

Practical implications

For the management of retail events with the aim of building organizational culture, this study points to the importance of emphasizing the symbolism of the sales promotion aspects of an event and paying as much attention to employees’ backstage experiences as to the public execution of a consumer event.

Originality/value

This study shows that external marketing could set the stage for internal marketing, with the ideal effects of internal marketing actually constructed and institutionalized during activities and procedures comprising outbound marketing. This suggests that a more nuanced view of the practice of internal marketing is warranted.
Elective oocyte freezing for nonmedical reasons: a 6‐year report on utilization and in vitro fertilization results from a Swedish center
Authors: Wennberg Anna‐Lena , Schildauer Kristina , Brännström Mats
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Elective oocyte freezing started in Sweden in 2011, a few years after oocyte vitrification was introduced internationally as an effective method for cryopreservation of oocytes. The objective of this study is to describe the age of the women who choose to undergo this procedure, the subsequent utilization of cryopreserved oocytes and the results of autologous in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Material and methods

We conducted a descriptive follow‐up study of a subset of women at a private IVF center. All women (n = 254) who electively vitrified oocytes at Nordic IVF Göteborg between 1 August 2011 and 31 August 2017 were included. Ages at oocyte vitrification and warming, number of vitrified oocytes and results of IVF are presented.

Results

A total of 254 women underwent elective oocyte freezing and 38 (15%) of these returned to use their cryopreserved oocytes for autologous IVF before November 2018. In the total cohort, the mean number of vitrified oocytes per woman, undergoing one or more oocyte retrievals, was 7.6 (range 1‐37). Their mean age at first vitrification was 36.9 years (range 23‐43 years). The mean ages for the subset of women that subsequently used their oocytes for IVF were 38.7 and 42.7 years at vitrification and oocyte warming, respectively. Forty‐nine oocyte warming cycles resulting in 42 fresh and 16 frozen embryo transfers, have been performed. Cumulative live birth rate/ongoing pregnancy rates are 63%, 26% and 0% in women of ages 36‐37, 38‐39 and ≥40 years of age at vitrification, respectively. Five babies have been born and there are 5 ongoing pregnancies.

Conclusions

Elective oocyte freezing has been offered in Sweden for >7 years. The utilization rate has so far been low. Pregnancy results after oocyte warming and IVF are encouraging when oocytes are cryopreserved at an age below 40 years.
Character navigation in dynamic environments based on optical flow
Authors: López Axel , Chaumette François , Marchand Eric , Pettré Julien
Published: June 2019

Steering and navigation are important components of character animation systems to enable them to autonomously move in their environment. In this work, we propose a synthetic vision model that uses visual features to steer agents through dynamic environments. Our agents perceive optical flow resulting from their relative motion with the objects of the environment. The optical flow is then segmented and processed to extract visual features such as the focus of expansion and time‐to‐collision. Then, we establish the relations between these visual features and the agent motion, and use them to design a set of control functions which allow characters to perform object‐dependent tasks, such as following, avoiding and reaching. Control functions are then combined to let characters perform more complex navigation tasks in dynamic environments, such as reaching a goal while avoiding multiple obstacles. Agent's motion is achieved by local minimization of these functions. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach through a number of scenarios. Our work sets the basis for building a character animation system which imitates human sensorimotor actions. It opens new perspectives to achieve realistic simulation of human characters taking into account perceptual factors, such as the lighting conditions of the environment.
Generating Color Scribble Images using Multi‐layered Monochromatic Strokes Dithering
Authors: Lo Yi‐Hsiang , Lee Ruen‐Rone , Chu Hung‐Kuo
Published: June 2019

Color scribbling is a unique form of illustration where artists use compact, overlapping, and monochromatic scribbles at microscopic scale to create astonishing colorful images at macroscopic scale. The creation process is skill‐demanded and time‐consuming, which typically involves drawing monochromatic scribbles layer‐by‐layer to depict true‐color subjects using a limited color palette delicately. In this work, we present a novel computational framework for automatic generation of color scribble images from arbitrary raster images. The core contribution of our work lies in a novel color dithering model tailor‐made for synthesizing a smooth color appearance using multiple layers of overlapped monochromatic strokes. Specifically, our system reconstructs the appearance of the input image by (i) generating layers of monochromatic scribbles based on a limited color palette derived from input image, and (ii) optimizing the drawing sequence among layers to minimize the visual color dissimilarity between dithered image and original image as well as the color banding artifacts. We demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our algorithm with various convincing results synthesized from a variety of input images with different stroke patterns. The experimental study further shows that our approach faithfully captures the scribble style and the color presentation at respectively microscopic and macroscopic scales, which is otherwise difficult for state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Design and Automated Generation of Japanese Picture Puzzles
Authors: van de Kerkhof Mees , de Jong Tim , Parment Raphael , Löffler Maarten , Vaxman Amir , van Kreveld Marc
Published: June 2019

We introduce the generalized nonogram, an extension of the well‐known nonogram or Japanese picture puzzle. It is not based on a regular square grid but on a subdivision (arrangement) with differently shaped cells, bounded by straight lines or curves. To generate a good, clear puzzle from a filled line drawing, the arrangement that is formed for the puzzle must meet a number of criteria. Some of these relate to the puzzle and some to the geometry. We give an overview of these criteria and show that a puzzle can be generated by an optimization method like simulated annealing. Experimentally, we analyze the convergence of the method and the remaining penalty score on several input pictures along with various other design options.
Analysis of Sample Correlations for Monte Carlo Rendering
Authors: Singh Gurprit , Öztireli Cengiz , Ahmed Abdalla G.M. , Coeurjolly David , Subr Kartic , Deussen Oliver , Ostromoukhov Victor , Ramamoorthi Ravi , Jarosz Wojciech
Published: June 2019

Modern physically based rendering techniques critically depend on approximating integrals of high dimensional functions representing radiant light energy. Monte Carlo based integrators are the choice for complex scenes and effects. These integrators work by sampling the integrand at sample point locations. The distribution of these sample points determines convergence rates and noise in the final renderings. The characteristics of such distributions can be uniquely represented in terms of correlations of sampling point locations. Hence, it is essential to study these correlations to understand and adapt sample distributions for low error in integral approximation. In this work, we aim at providing a comprehensive and accessible overview of the techniques developed over the last decades to analyze such correlations, relate them to error in integrators, and understand when and how to use existing sampling algorithms for effective rendering workflows.
Treatment of equine oro‐nasal and oro‐maxillary fistulae
Authors: Dixon P. M.
Published: June 2019

Equine oro‐nasal or oro‐sinus fistulae are usually problematic disorders to treat. As these lesions are mainly a sequel to standard dental repulsions, it is obvious that safer exodontia techniques such as oral extraction should now be used. The initial treatment of such fistulae is to ensure that there is a healthy granulating alveolus, without any dental or alveolar sequestrae and that all epithelium lining the fistula is removed. Provided there is a tooth on either side of the fistula, the initial and usually successful treatment is the use of an acrylic alveolar plug attached to adequately prepared adjacent teeth. Reinforcing such prostheses with wire tied between adjacent teeth will stabilise such prostheses. For fistulae that extend far onto the hard palate or those at the Triadan 06 or 11 alveolar sites that cannot be treated by acrylic prostheses, a variety of surgical treatments including; mucoperiosteal sliding flap, transposition of facial muscles, maxillary bone flap or an ear cartilage graft are all potential therapies, but there  are no large, objective long‐term reports on their success available.
Alcohol consumption and incident dementia in older Japanese adults: The Okayama Study
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Yamakawa Michiyo , Sasai Megumi , Tsuda Toshihide , Doi Hiroyuki , Hamada Jun
Published: June 2019

Aim

To evaluate the association between the amount and frequency of alcohol consumption and incident dementia in older Japanese adults using large sample size data over a long follow‐up period.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study carried out in Japan. A total of 53 311 older adults were followed from 2008 to 2014. A health checkup questionnaire was used to assess the amount and frequency of alcohol consumption. The Dementia Scale of long‐term care insurance was used as a measure of incident dementia. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios, with their 95% confidence intervals, for the incidence of dementia across the categories of alcohol consumption by sex.

Results

During a 7‐year follow‐up period, 14 479 participants were regarded as having incident dementia. Compared with non‐drinkers, the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios for participants with alcohol consumption ≤2 units per day, occasionally (0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.96 in men and 0.84, 95% 0.79–0.90 in women) and daily (0.79, 95% 0.73–0.85 in men and 0.87, 95% 0.78–0.97 in women) were statistically significant, and the difference between occasional and daily consumption was only statistically significant in men; however, for participants with alcohol consumption >2 units per day, occasionally (0.91, 95% 0.71–1.16 in men and 1.09, 95% 0.72–1.67 in women) and daily (0.89, 95% 0.81–1.00 in men and 1.16, 95% 0.84–1.81 in women) were not significant.

Conclusions

Alcohol consumption of ≤2 units per day, occasionally or daily, could reduce the risk of incident dementia, with greater benefit for men with such daily consumption. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 740–746.
Late Pleistocene range expansion of North American topminnows accompanied by admixture and introgression
Authors: Duvernell David D. , Westhafer Eric , Schaefer Jacob F.
Published: June 2019

Aim

We used genome‐scale sampling to assess the phylogeography of a group of topminnows in the Fundulus notatus species complex. Two of the species have undergone extensive range expansions resulting in broadly overlapping distributions, and sympatry within drainages has provided opportunities for hybridization and introgression. We assessed the timing and pattern of range expansion in the context of late Pleistocene–Holocene drainage events and evaluated the evidence for introgressive hybridization between species.

Location

Central and southern United States including drainages of the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain and portions of the Mississippi River drainage in and around the Central Highlands.

Taxon

Topminnows, Genus Fundulus, subgenus Zygonectes—Fundulus notatus, Fundulus olivaceus, Fundulus euryzonus.

Methods

We sampled members of the F. notatus species complex throughout their respective ranges, including numerous drainage systems where species co‐occur. We collected genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the genotype‐by‐sequencing (GBS) method and subjected data to population genetic analyses to infer the population histories of both species, including explicit tests for admixture and introgression. The methods employed included STRUCTURE, principal coordinates analysis, TreeMix and approximate Bayesian computation.

Results

Genetic data are presented for 749 individuals sampled from 14 F. notatus, 20 F. olivaceus and 2 F. euryzonus populations. Members of the species complex differed in phylogeographic structure, with F. notatus exhibiting geographic clusters corresponding to Pleistocene coastal drainages and F. olivaceus comparatively lacking in phylogeographic structure. Evidence for interspecific introgression varied by drainage.

Main conclusions

Populations of F. notatus and F. olivaceus exhibited contrasting patterns of lineage diversity among coastal drainages, indicating interspecific differences in their Pleistocene southern refugia. Phylogeographic patterns in both species indicated that range expansions into the northern limits of contemporary distributions coincided with and continued subsequent to the Last Glacial Maximum. There was evidence of introgression between species in some, but not all drainages where the species co‐occur, in a pattern that is correlated with previous estimates of hybridization rates.
Secondary Traumatic Stress in the Courtroom: Suggestions for Preventing Vicarious Trauma Resulting from Child Sexual Abuse Imagery
Authors: Polak Shely , Bailey Rebecca , Bailey Elizabeth
Published: June 2019

The internet and social media have added to an increase in sexual imagery. As a result, law enforcement, judicial officers and court ordered counselors will be exposed to an increase of images. While not every individual will experience post‐traumatic stress symptoms, it is anticipated there is risk for impact. The impact of viewing images can include an increase in vicarious trauma symptoms, burnout, and a possible decrease in impartiality. This paper offers suggestions for self‐care in the services of preventing collateral damage.
Brain MR Spectroscopy Changes Precede Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Phenoconversion in Mapt Mutation Carriers
Authors: Chen Qin , Boeve Bradley F. , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Lesnick Timothy , Brushaber Danielle , Dheel Christina , Fields Julie , Forsberg Leah , Gavrilova Ralitza , Gearhart Debra , Haley Dana , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Jones David , Knopman David , Graff‐Radford Neill , Kraft Ruth , Lapid Maria , Rademakers Rosa , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Rosen Howie , Boxer Adam L. , Kantarci Kejal
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The objective of this study was to longitudinally investigate the trajectory of change in 1H MRS measurements in asymptomatic MAPT mutation carriers who became symptomatic during follow‐up, and to determine the time at which the neurochemical alterations accelerated during disease progression.

METHODS

We identified eight MAPT mutations carriers who transitioned from asymptomatic to symptomatic disease during follow‐up. All participants were longitudinally followed with an average of 7.75 years (range 4‐11 years) and underwent two or more single voxel 1H MRS examinations from the posterior cingulate voxel, with a total of 60 examinations. The rate of longitudinal change for each metabolite was estimated using linear mixed models. A flex point model was used to estimate the flex time point of the change in slope.

RESULTS

The decrease in the NAA/mI ratio accelerated 2.09 years prior to symptom onset, and continued to decline. A similar trajectory was observed in the presumed glial marker mI/Cr ratio accelerating 1.86 years prior to symptom onset.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings support the potential use of longitudinal 1H MRS for monitoring the neurodegenerative progression in MAPT mutation carriers starting from the asymptomatic stage.
Usefulness of optical fluorescence imaging in identification and triaging of oral potentially malignant disorders: A study of VELscope in the LESIONS programme
Authors: Farah Camile S. , Dost Fatima , Do Loc
Published: June 2019

Background

Optical fluorescence imaging (OFI) has been shown to enhance the detection of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), by providing additional information about the nature of these lesions, with loss of autofluorescence (LAF) signifying potential underlying oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) or malignancy. This study aims to assess the usefulness of OFI in identification and triaging of OPMDs by primary oral health practitioners, in a community setting.

Methodology

Participants were recruited from the LESIONS programme in South‐East Queensland, Australia. Participants underwent both conventional oral examination (COE) of mucosal tissues as well as screening with OFI by trained dentists and oral health therapists (OHTs). Lesions were classified as homogeneous, non‐homogeneous, lichenoid or other. The study protocol included blanching of lesions detected with VELscope® (diascopy) and a two‐week review and reassessment of all lesions to reduce false‐positive findings. Analysis of decisions made by dentists and OHTs about lesion identification and triaging was undertaken.

Results

A total of 360 participants underwent both COE and OFI screening and presented with at least one lesion detected with either method. Lesion size increased and border distinctness and visibility improved with OFI. Of the 170 lesions that underwent two‐week reassessment, 70% resolved or were confirmed as benign. OHTs were more likely to request review and referral for OPMDs compared to dentists.

Conclusion

Optical fluorescence imaging is a useful tool to help dentists and OHTs identify and triage patients with possible OPMD in the primary care setting.
Culicoides species as potential vectors of African horse sickness virus in the southern regions of South Africa
Authors: Riddin M. A. , Venter G. J. , Labuschagne K. , Villet M. H.
Published: June 2019

African horse sickness (AHS), a disease of equids caused by the AHS virus, is of major concern in South Africa. With mortality reaching up to 95% in susceptible horses and the apparent reoccurrence of cases in regions deemed non‐endemic, most particularly the Eastern Cape, epidemiological research into factors contributing to the increase in the range of this economically important virus became imperative. The vectors, Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), are considered unable to proliferate during the unfavourable climatic conditions experienced in winter in the province, although the annual occurrence of AHS suggests that the virus has become established and that vector activity continues throughout the year. Surveillance of Culicoides within the province is sparse and little was known of the diversity of vector species or the abundance of known vectors, Culicoides imicola and Culicoides bolitinos. Surveillance was performed using light trapping methods at selected sites with varying equid species over two winter and two outbreak seasons, aiming to determine diversity, abundance and vector epidemiology of Culicoides within the province. The research provided an updated checklist of Culicoides species within the Eastern Cape, contributing to an increase in the knowledge of AHS vector epidemiology, as well as prevention and control in southern Africa.
Improved adherence in older patients with hypertension: An observational study of a community‐based intervention
Authors: Tankumpuan Thitipong , Anuruang Sakuntala , Jackson Debra , Hickman Louise D. , DiGiacomo Michelle , Davidson Patricia Mary
Published: June 2019

Aims and objectives

This study sought to assess the effect of a community‐based intervention influencing adherence status at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months, and to evaluate the impact that a community‐based intervention and socio‐economic factors have on adherence.

Background

Although high‐quality treatment and modern hypertension clinical practice guidelines have been developed worldwide, the outcomes of patients with hypertension in Thailand are not optimal. Implementing a person‐centred and integrated health services model to improve hypertension management, such as a community‐based intervention, is challenging for healthcare providers in Thailand.

Design

An observational study of a community‐based intervention.

Methods

The study comprised residents in 17 villages in one province of Thailand. A sample of 156 participants was allocated into the intervention and the control groups. Inclusion criteria were people aged 60 years or older diagnosed with hypertension. Exclusion criteria included the latest record of extreme hypertension and having a documented history of cognitive impairment. The intervention group received the 4‐week community‐based intervention programme. Multiple linear regression was applied to predict the adherence status at each phase. Multiple logistic regression was then implemented to predict influencing factors between the groups.

Results

Patients who received the intervention had significantly lower adherence scores (reflecting a higher level of adherence) at 3 and 6 months after intervention by 1.66 and 1.45 times, respectively, when adjusting for other variables. After 6 months, the intervention was associated with a significant improvement in adherence when adjusting for other variables.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence to support the use of community‐based interventions as an effective adjunct to hospital‐based care of hypertension patients in Thailand.

Implications for practice

Understanding factors between health outcomes and social determinants of health is crucial for informing the development of culturally appropriate interventions.
“You Are Our Pride and Our Glory!” Emotions, Generation, and the Legacy of Revolution in Women's Letters to Valentina Tereshkova
Authors: SYLVESTER ROSHANNA P.
Published: June 2019

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (known as the “Seagull”) became the first woman in space on June 16, 1963. Female fans of all ages wrote letters to the twenty‐seven‐year‐old cosmonaut expressing their pride and admiration. This article provides a close reading of two such letters, one from an octogenarian who witnessed the revolution first hand, and the other from a woman who, like Tereshkova, was a member of “Stalin's last generation.” Exploration of these two generational perspectives provides insight into how individuals responded to Tereshkova's flight and what the female cosmonaut's triumph meant to Soviet women as a community. Letter‐writers connected personally with Tereshkova, embracing her victory as their own. But the seagull's ascent had wider resonances for them as well, reaffirming women's shared belief that equality still mattered as a core revolutionary value. Moreover, because those writing to Tereshkova described how they felt about the female cosmonaut's feat, the letters provide analytical access to women as an emotional community–a textual and relational space that afforded women an intimate sense of belonging as well as avenues for self‐actualization that were otherwise sparsely available in Khrushchev's male‐centric party/state and its associated (and highly gendered) emotional regime.
Syncretic Subculture or Stalinism without Stalin? Soviet Partisans as Communities of Violence
Authors: DAVID‐FOX MICHAEL
Published: June 2019

Cerovic, Masha. Les Enfants de Staline: La guerre des partisans soviétiques (1941–1944). L'Univers historique. Paris: Le Seuil, 2018. 366 pp. €25.00. ISBN 978‐2‐0211‐2167‐4.

Kudriashov, S. V., ed. Partizanskoe dvizhenie v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny. Vestnik Arkhiva Prezidenta Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Moscow: Istoricheskaia literatura, 2015. 689 pp. $75.00. ISBN 978‐5‐9906493‐1‐6.
Title lending as a predatory practice: Subprime populations and financial violence
Authors: Sugata Michihiro C.
Published: June 2019

The passage of the Dodd‐Frank Act in 2010 ushered in the most ambitious financial reforms since the Banking Act of 1933. The core of the Act centered on ensuring more consumer protections from predatory financial practices through the creation of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which provided federal oversight of fringe lenders that profited off of high‐interest loans such as payday and automobile title loans. Yet the current deregulatory environment being promoted by the Trump administration is once again loosening the reins on fringe lenders that provide quick access to cash at triple digit interest rates. In this article, I provide an overview of the alternative finance service industry with a specific focus on one such instrument: auto title loans. Drawing upon governmental reports and the literature, I provide a comprehensive overview of the how the industry functions and who it targets. By focusing on the profit model that undergirds the title loan industry, I show how the profitability of the industry is directly tied to the extended vulnerability of its customer base. I conclude by offering suggestions for researchers to rethink predatory lending practices as a form of financial violence in order to reframe the discourse surrounding predatory lending.
Two definitions of the inner product of modes and their use in calculating non-diffuse reverberant sound fields
Authors: Nolan Mélanie , Davy John L.
Published: June 2019

There are two definitions of the inner product of modal spatial functions used in the literature. Both definitions integrate the product of the modal spatial functions over a line, area, or volume. The only difference is that one of the definitions takes the complex conjugate of one of the modal spatial functions before multiplying the modes together. The definitions are the same if the modal spatial functions are real. If the modal spatial functions are complex, only the definition which takes the complex conjugate is an inner product. If the specific acoustic impedance of the boundaries has a real part, then the modes are only orthogonal with the definition which does not take the complex conjugate, although this definition is not strictly an inner product because the modal spatial functions are complex in this situation. However, this definition of “inner product” can be used to calculate the coefficients in the modal expansion of the system response. On the other hand, when it comes to calculating the mean pressure squared and the mean sound intensity, the modal spatial functions cross-products cannot be ignored because the modes are not orthogonal for the definition which takes the complex conjugate.
In Vitro
Activity of Bedaquiline and Delamanid against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Including Macrolide-Resistant Clinical Isolates
Authors: Kim Dae Hun , Jhun Byung Woo , Moon Seong Mi , Kim Su-Young , Jeon Kyeongman , Kwon O Jung , Huh Hee Jae , Lee Nam Yong , Shin Sung Jae , Daley Charles L. , Koh Won-Jung
Published: June 2019

We evaluated the
in vitro
activities of the antimicrobial drugs bedaquiline and delamanid against the major pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Delamanid showed high MIC values for all NTM except
Mycobacterium kansasii
. However, bedaquiline showed low MIC values for the major pathogenic NTM, including
Mycobacterium avium
complex,
Mycobacterium abscessus
subsp.
abscessus
,
M. abscessus
subsp.
massiliense
, and
M. kansasii
.
Parents’ and clinicians’ views on conducting paediatric diagnostic test accuracy studies without prior informed consent: qualitative insight from the Petechiae in Children study (PiC)
Authors: Waterfield Thomas , Lyttle Mark D , Shields Michael , Fairley Derek , Roland Damian , McKenna James , Woolfall Kerry
Published: June 2019

Objective

The Petechiae in Children (PiC) study assesses the utility of presenting features and rapid diagnostic tests in the diagnosis of serious bacterial infection in feverish children with non-blanching rashes. An embedded qualitative study explored parents’ and clinicians’ views on the acceptability of the PiC study, including the use of research without prior consent (RWPC) in studies of diagnostic test accuracy.

Design

Semistructured qualitative interviews. Analysis was thematic and broadly interpretive, informed by the constant comparative approach.

Participants

Fifteen parents were interviewed 55 (median) days since their child’s hospital attendance (range 13–95). Five clinicians involved in recruitment, and consent were interviewed.

Results

Parents and clinicians supported RWPC for the PiC study and future emergency paediatric diagnostic test accuracy studies as long as there is no harm to the child and emergency care is not delayed. Parents and clinicians made recommendations around the timing and conduct of a consent discussion, which were in line with RWPC guidance. Parents enrolled in the PiC study preferred a design that included consent discussions with the research team over the alternative of ‘opt-out’ consent only.

Conclusions

This embedded qualitative study demonstrates that RWPC is appropriate for use in paediatric emergency studies of diagnostic test accuracy and that the approach used in PiC was appropriate. Future diagnostic studies involving additional invasive procedures or an opt-out only approach to consent would benefit from exploring parent and clinician views on acceptability at the pretrial stage.

Trial registration number

NCT03378258
Tarsal–carpal coalition syndrome: importance of early diagnosis
Authors: Lau Gloria Tze Yan , Athalye-Jape Gayatri , Amery Natasha
Published: June 2019

Tarsal–carpal coalition syndrome is a progressive condition involving synostosis of the wrist, ankle and digits. We describe a mother and her newborn that have this rare inherited condition where the diagnosis was made only after the baby’s birth. The baby’s condition was suspected on antenatal scanning, and he was born with reduced range of motion of his digits, elbows and ankles. The mother’s condition has progressed to involve a fixed flexion deformity of her bilateral elbows, synostoses of her second to fifth digits and extensive coalition of her tarsal and carpal bones. She has required regular osteotomies to improve limb functioning and quality of life.
Inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid: independent prognostic biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Authors: Gille Benjamin , De Schaepdryver Maxim , Dedeene Lieselot , Goossens Janne , Claeys Kristl G , Van Den Bosch Ludo , Tournoy Jos , Van Damme Philip , Poesen Koen
Published: June 2019

Objective

Inflammation is a key pathological hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which seems to be linked to the disease progression. It is not clear what the added diagnostic and prognostic value are of inflammatory markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with ALS.

Methods

Chitotriosidase-1 (CHIT1), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured in CSF and serum of patients with ALS (n=105), disease controls (n=102) and patients with a disease mimicking ALS (n=16). The discriminatory performance was evaluated by means of a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. CSF and serum levels were correlated with several clinical parameters. A multivariate Cox regression analysis, including eight other established prognostic markers, was used to evaluate survival in ALS.

Results

In CSF, CHIT1, YKL-40 and MCP-1 showed a weak discriminatory performance between ALS and ALS mimics (area under the curve: 0.79, p<0.0001; 0.72, p=0.001; 0.75, p=0.001, respectively). CHIT1 and YKL-40 correlated with the disease progression rate (ρ=0.28, p=0.009; ρ=0.34, p=0.002, respectively). CHIT1 levels were elevated in patients with a higher number of regions displaying motor neuron degeneration (one vs three regions: 4248 vs 13 518 pg/mL, p = 0.0075). In CSF, YKL-40 and MCP-1 were independently associated with survival (HR: 29.7, p=0.0003; 6.14, p=0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

Our findings show that inflammation in patients with ALS reflects the disease progression as an independent predictor of survival. Our data encourage the use of inflammatory markers in patient stratification and as surrogate markers of therapy response in clinical trials.
Lower volume, more impairment: reduced cholinergic basal forebrain grey matter density is associated with impaired cognition in Parkinson disease
Authors: Barrett Matthew J , Sperling Scott A , Blair Jamie C , Freeman Cody S , Flanigan Joseph L , Smolkin Mark E , Manning Carol A , Druzgal T Jason
Published: June 2019

Objective

A major contributor to dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) is degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain. This study determined whether cholinergic nucleus 4 (Ch4) density is associated with cognition in early and more advanced PD.

Methods

We analysed brain MRIs and neuropsychological test scores for 228 newly diagnosed PD participants from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), 101 healthy controls from the PPMI and 125 more advanced PD patients from a local retrospective cohort. Cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei densities were determined by applying probabilistic maps to MPRAGE T1 sequences processed using voxel-based morphometry methods. Relationships between grey matter densities and cognitive scores were analysed using correlations and linear regression models.

Results

In more advanced PD, greater Ch4 density was associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (β=14.2; 95% CI=1.5 to 27.0; p=0.03), attention domain z-score (β=3.2; 95% CI=0.8 to 5.5; p=0.008) and visuospatial domain z-score (β=7.9; 95% CI=2.0 to 13.8; p=0.009). In the PPMI PD cohort, higher Ch4 was associated with higher scores on MoCA (β=9.2; 95% CI=1.9 to 16.5; p=0.01), Judgement of Line Orientation (β=20.4; 95% CI=13.8 to 27.0; p<0.001), Letter Number Sequencing (β=16.5; 95% CI=9.5 to 23.4; p<0.001) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (β=41.8; 95% CI=18.7 to 65.0; p<0.001). These same relationships were observed in 97 PPMI PD participants at 4 years. There were no significant associations between Ch4 density and cognitive outcomes in healthy controls.

Conclusion

In de novo and more advanced PD, lower Ch4 density is associated with impaired global cognition, attention and visuospatial function.
How to achieve more without doing more
Authors: Sturman Kirsty
Published: June 2019

Feeling as though each day is a roller coaster with barely enough time to catch your breath? Kirsty Sturman, training adviser at VDS Training, says there are simple ways you can feel more in control.
How people make sense of drones used for atmospheric science (and other purposes): hopes, concerns, and recommendations
Authors: Walther Janell , PytlikZillig Lisa , Detweiler Carrick , Houston Adam
Published: June 2019

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) can advance understanding of the atmosphere and improve weather prediction, but public perceptions of drone technologies need to be assessed to ensure successful societal integration. Our qualitative study examines public perceptions of UAS technology, and the associated risks and benefits, for such civilian purposes. We examine how people form perceptions, and discuss the implications of these perceptions for UAS design and regulation. Our study finds the public to be favorable toward UAS used for “noble” purposes. Participant views are informed by popular media, personal experiences, comparisons between technologies, and consideration of the trustworthiness of the users, regulators, and technology itself.
A note on the ascending chain condition of ideals
Authors: Al-Ayyoub Ibrahim , Jaradat Malik , Al-Zoubi Khaldoun
Published: June 2019

We construct ascending chains of ideals in a commutative Noetherian ring [Formula: see text] that reach arbitrary long sequences of equalities, however the chain does not become stationary at that point. For a regular ideal [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], the Ratliff–Rush reduction number [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is the smallest positive integer [Formula: see text] at which the chain [Formula: see text] becomes stationary. We construct ideals [Formula: see text] so that such a chain reaches an arbitrary long sequence of equalities but [Formula: see text] is not being reached yet.
Embeddings of quandles into groups
Authors: Bardakov Valeriy , Nasybullov Timur
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we introduce the new construction of quandles. For a group [Formula: see text] and a subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] we construct a quandle [Formula: see text] which is called the [Formula: see text]-quandle and study properties of this quandle. In particular, we prove that if [Formula: see text] is a quandle such that the natural map [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text] to the enveloping group [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is injective, then [Formula: see text] is the [Formula: see text]-quandle for an appropriate group [Formula: see text] and a subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. Also we introduce the free product of quandles and study this construction for [Formula: see text]-quandles. In addition, we classify all finite quandles with enveloping group [Formula: see text].
Characterization of rings using finite-direct-injective modules
Authors: Maurya Sanjeev Kumar , Gupta A. J.
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we characterize strongly right [Formula: see text]-rings in terms of finite-direct-injective modules which is a generalization of direct-injective modules (or [Formula: see text]-modules). Using this result, we give an example of a finite-direct-injective module which is not a direct-injective module. We prove that if every finite-direct-injective right [Formula: see text]-module is a direct-injective module, then the ring [Formula: see text] must be right Noetherian. Also, we characterize semisimple artinian rings, regular right FGC-rings in terms of finite-direct-injective modules.
РОЛЬ МЕДИЧНОЇ СЕСТРИ ПЕРВИННОЇ ЛАНКИ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ПРИ ВИЯВЛЕННІ НА ДІЛЬНИЦІ ХВОРИХ НА КІР
Authors: Danylevych Yu. O. , Yastremska S. O. , Mazur L. P.
Published: June 2019

У статті розглянуто і висвітлено проблеми захворюваності на кір в Україні та роль медичної сестри первинної ланки медичної допомоги педіатричного профілю.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ХАРЧОВОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ ХВОРИХ НА АЛІМЕНТАРНЕ ОЖИРІННЯ ТА РОЛЬ МЕДИЧНОЇ СЕСТРИ У ЇЇ КОРЕКЦІЇ
Authors: Lublinska M. S. , Pirus I. V. , Musienko V. A. , Tsipkalo A. I. , Marushchak M. I.
Published: June 2019

У статті наведено дані про особливості стилю харчування хворих на аліментарне ожиріння I–II ступенів тяжкості. Встановлено, що серед етіологічних факторів ожиріння домінують часте споживання їжі, переважно у вечірній час, збільшення частки вуглеводів у їжі та заміна здорової їжі на фаст-фуд у поєднанні з тютюнокурінням і вживанням алкоголю. Роль медичної сестри полягає в організації і проведенні освітньої роботи із модифікації стилю харчування та із профілактики тютюнокуріння і вживання алкоголю.
СТАТЕВЕ ВИХОВАННЯ ЯК ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА
Authors: Popovych N. V.
Published: June 2019

У статті проаналізовано роль статевого виховання як мету, яка ґрунтується на формуванні у молоді статевої етики, естетики та гігієни, культури інтимних відносин, любові та сімейного життя, наукових знань про фізіологічні особливості організму, морально-етичні норми і стосунки між особами протилежної статі та роль у цьому процесі сім’ї та педагогів.
Realizing Derealization
Authors: Kline Jim
Published: June 2019

Derealization is a dissociative disorder with the primary symptom of experiencing one’s surroundings as unreal, as if one were living in an elaborate dream. The disorder is usually associated with depersonalization, although according to Philip M. Coons (1996), it should not be considered a subset of depersonalization. Little research has been conducted on derealization unaccompanied by depersonalization. The following highlights a personal case study in which the characteristics of derealization are presented in an attempt to distinguish it from depersonalization and other dissociative disorders. In addition, examples of derealization from a broader perspective help distinguish it from a purely diagnostic mental symptom, thereby suggesting that it could be more of a philosophical view of life rather than a mental disorder.
Victor White OP
Authors: Stefanazzi Mary
Published: June 2019

Jungians and Christians use the word evil in different and contradictory senses. The moral aim of the Jungian is the ‘integration of evil’, whereas for the Christian it is ‘the overcoming of evil by good’. This paper guides the reader through Victor White’s thinking on evil—understood in the tradition of Aristotle and Aquinas as parasitic on good—malum est privatio boni, and concludes by considering the clinical significance of the relationship between moral evil—malum culpae—and guilt. Although Jung and White never resolved their differences on evil, they agreed that the subject demands concentration and careful reflection. The hypothesis here is that, although the literature on the Jung–White dialogue offers extensive analysis on evil, it does not go far enough. There is little evidence of dynamic engagement with the underlying ethical issues that White’s clarity of thought challenges one to consider.
Combating Transnational Organised Crime through International Human Rights Law
Authors: Obokata Tom
Published: June 2019

This article explores the key obligations imposed upon States under international human rights law to combat transnational organised crime. It begins by highlighting a number of human rights which are affected by various forms of organised crime, such as the rights to life, liberty and security, health, property, culture, as well as the prohibition on slavery/forced labour and other inhuman or degrading treatments. The article then analyses the key obligations imposed upon States under international human rights law, with particular reference to (1) investigation, prosecution and punishment, (2) protection of victims and (3) prevention. The main conclusion reached is that international human rights law is indeed useful as it encourages States to adopt a holistic approach capable of addressing the complex and multi-faceted nature of transnational organised crime beyond simple criminal justice responses.
Taxonomic revision of Artines Godman, 1901 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Moncini) with the description of nine new species
Authors: DE MEDEIROS ADALBERTO DANTAS , DOLIBAINA DIEGO RODRIGO , CARNEIRO EDUARDO , MIELKE OLAF HERMANN HENDRIK , CASAGRANDE MIRNA MARTINS
Published: June 2019

The genus Artines Godman, 1901 and its respective species are revised. The results shows that Artines consists of 15 species distributed from Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay, southern Brazil and northern Argentina. Nine new species are described: Artines panama Medeiros & Carneiro sp. nov. from Panama, Artines solange Medeiros & O. Mielke sp. nov. from Brazil (Maranhão), Artines delfos Medeiros & Casagrande sp. nov. from Brazil (Amazonas), Artines litoralis Medeiros & Dolibaina sp. nov. from Brazil (from Paraíba to Espírito Santo), Artines liege Medeiros, O. Mielke & Casagrande sp. nov. from Brazil (central region of Brazil, from Pará to Paraná), Argentina (Misiones) and Paraguay (Alto Paraná), Artines bamba Medeiros & O. Mielke sp. nov. from Brazil (Acre and Amazonas) and Peru (San Martin and Madre de Díos), Artines angelica Medeiros sp. nov. from Brazil (Acre, Pará, Maranhão and Mato Grosso), Peru (Madre de Díos) and Bolivia (La Paz), Artines cofus Medeiros & Dolibaina sp. nov. from Brazil (Acre and Rondônia) and Peru (Madre de Díos and San Martin) and Artines donia Medeiros & Carneiro sp. nov. from Brazil (Rondônia and Goiás). A neotype for Thracides aepitus Geyer, 1832 and a lectotype for Artines atizies Godman, 1901 are designated. Genitalia of both sexes are illustrated and distribution maps for all species are provided. The females of Artines aepitus (Geyer, 1832), Artines focus Evans, 1955 and Artines aquilina (Plötz, 1882) are illustrated for the first time. An identification key is provided for males.
Morphological and mtDNA data reveal broader distribution of Alburnoides holciki (Teleostei: Leuciscidae) in inland waters of Central Asia
Authors: LEVIN BORIS , THONI RYAN , ARTAEV OLEG , BOLOTOVSKIY ALEXEY , LEVINA MARINA , RASULOV AZIM , MIRZOEV NURIDDIN , SIMONOV EVGENIY
Published: June 2019

Alburnoides holciki was described from the Hari River basin, which was the only basin it was known from. Populations from the Amu Darya basin were previously recognized as A. eichwaldii or Alburnoides sp. Our study recognized specimens of Alburnoides from the Amu Darya basin as A. holciki based on morphological data and the COI barcode gene. The population from the Zeravshan basin showed some morphological differences compared to others but were similar in the COI gene and needs further investigation. New results extend the range of A. holciki for almost 1000 km ­from the Hari River to the upper Amu Darya tributaries in Tajikistan. The intraspecific genetic similarity in the COI gene between populations in the Hari and Amu Darya rivers supports the geographical hypothesis of a recent connection of these rivers.
Brontostoma lilloi Carpintero, 1980, a junior synonym of B. rubrovenosum (Stål, 1860) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: GIL-SANTANA HÉLCIO R. , CARPINTERO DIEGO L.
Published: June 2019

There are 22 genera and more than 100 described species of Ectrichodiinae in the New World (Gil-Santana et al. 2015). Intraspecific variation in coloration and body size have been recorded in several species of the subfamily. These characteristics can occur in the same population or can suggest geographic variation of the same species (Wygodzinsky 1951, Dougherty 1995, Gil-Santana & Baena 2009, Gil-Santana et al. 2013). Sexual dimorphism is also common: females are almost always more or less larger than males, frequently have thicker fore femora and smaller eyes and ocelli (Dougherty 1995).