bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediterranean non indigenous species at the start of the 2020s: recent changes
Authors: Zenetos Argyro , Galanidi Marika
Published: August 2020

The current amendments to the Mediterranean marine Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) inventory for the period 2017-2019 are the result of a continuous literature search and update of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) offline database. They take into account recent findings, previously missed records, back-dated records based on the re-examination of existing material or phylogenetic studies and changes in nomenclature. During the period 2017-2019, 70 new species were added to the inventory of established species, 25 that had escaped our attention in the past and 23 newly introduced, which have already established self-sustaining populations. Meanwhile, 22 species previously known only with casual records have established viable populations and a total of 36 species have expanded their distribution into new Marine Strategy Framework Directive regions, primarily the Central Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea. Intensified research efforts, prompted by the reporting obligations created by recent legislation, complemented by ever expanding networks and initiatives involving citizen scientists have certainly contributed to higher rates of discovery of alien species presences. However, the expansion of tropical and sub-tropical species into the cooler waters of the Aegean, the Adriatic and the western Mediterranean indicates that the warming of Mediterranean waters due to climate change is also facilitating the geographic expansion of NIS in the region. The rate of new introductions in this 3-year period is 8 species per year for the whole Mediterranean, without taking into account casual records or species with reporting lags. Only 4 species per year enter through the Suez Canal, while a considerable number of species are introduced through shipping vectors and the aquarium trade. Acknowledging the dynamic nature of invasions and the uncertainty inherent in compiling check lists, we consider the present work as the most accurate and up-to-date NIS list to inform policy, management and decision-making.
Training needs assessment of agricultural extension change agents in the field of biological control of fruit fly in Sinai Peninsula
Authors: Mohamed Abdu Omran , Allam Yousria Ahmed , Hassen Ismail Ibrahim
Published: August 2020

Background

The context and purpose of the study. The world has turned to the technology of organic agriculture to obtain safe food and preserve the environment, and there have become many standards that control the production, processing, and circulation of organic products. Egypt has been interested in issuing a law to control organic agriculture, and has adopted a trend toward clean agriculture based on the use of organic fertilizers and bio-control of fruit flies. The research aimed to evaluate extension activities to improve training methods in this area, so as to estimate the level of training needs of agricultural extension agents in the field of biological control of fruit flies, and determine the training methods preferred by them, identify the reasons of weak application of the methods of biological control, identify the problems faced by extension agents to transfer biological control recommendations to farmers, and to identify the relationship between the level of training needs of agricultural extension workers and some independent variables. The methodology of the study depends on theoretical and analytical methods; data were collected by personal interview using questionnaire forms

Results: the main findings

The main findings are summarized as follows:

It was found that more than three-quarter of change agents did not receive any training courses in this field, the attendees were low beneficiaries, so they are requiring further training in the field of biological control of fruit flies.

There are severe training needs for agricultural extension agents for the methods of biological control of fruit fly in the following: pathogenic nematodes, growth regulators and hormones of reproduction, sterilization of male insects, and pathogenic bacteria.

The agricultural extension agents prefer training methods as field visits and practical clarification

There is a direct and significant relationship between the levels of training needs and age, and there are inverse and significant relationships with experience in training, academic qualification, academic specialization, the duration of service in agricultural work, the duration of service in extension work, and the degree of job satisfaction.

Conclusions

a brief summary and potential implication. Potential implication is to improve the extension services based on an assessment of the change agent’s training needs, pay attention to the field demonstration in the training, and repeat it several times, and provide the trainers with auxiliary tools, while providing appropriate conditions for the fieldwork, increase agricultural programs on media broadcast to increase viewing, and support channels with research centers in order to facilitate its adoption and disseminate biological control methods in rural areas.
Comparison of clinical outcomes and second-look arthroscopic evaluations between anterior cruciate ligament anteromedial bundle augmentation and single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Ahn Gil Yeong , Lee Tae Hun , Lee Kyung Jin , Woo Sangwon
Published: August 2020

Subject

This study compared clinical outcomes and second-look arthroscopic evaluations between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) anteromedial (AM) bundle augmentation and single-bundle ACL reconstruction.

Purpose

We compared the clinical results and the second-look arthroscopic findings between (1) single-bundle ACL reconstruction in complete rupture and (2) ACL AM bundle augmentation in isolated AM bundle rupture.

Materials and methods

Two groups of patients underwent ACL surgery from January 2013 to December 2018. Group 1, who had 64 cases of single-bundle ACL reconstruction with second-look arthroscopy, and Group 2, who had 21 cases of AM bundle augmentation of ACL with second-look arthroscopy, were targeted. We evaluated and compared the clinical results (Lysholm score, Tegner activity score, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test) and synovialization at second-look arthroscopy before the operation and in the final follow-up period, between Group 1 and Group 2.

Results

The Lysholm score (p = 0.96) and Tegner activity score (p = 0.351) at final follow-up (mean 27.1 months) were 78.3 and 7.2 in Group 1 and 89.1 and 8.1 in Group 2, respectively. The Lachman test (p = 0.074) and pivot-shift test (p = 0.031) results at final follow-up were improved; however, there was no statistical significance. Second-look arthroscopy showed that percentages of synovialization area of grafted tendon at mean 15.6 months follow-up were 61.4% and 93.1% in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (p = 0.008). The synovial coverage in Group 2 was higher than in Group 1.

Conclusion

The AM bundle augmentation for ACL injury in which the posterolateral bundle was preserved showed better clinical scores and synovial coverage than single-bundle ACL reconstruction for complete ACL rupture.

Level of evidence

The level of evidence is Level III, retrospective with case series.
Global capabilities of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
Authors: Lu Jun , Guo Xia , Su Chengeng
Published: August 2020

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has completed the constellation deployment and started to provide global services. After achieving the capabilities of global coverage, global first-class accuracy for Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT), global Inter-Satellite Links (ISL) networking, and global featured services, BDS will promote the construction of the comprehensive PNT infrastructure in the new era and play a more active role in international cooperation with other Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) providers to better serve humankind and the world.
Antidiabetic effects of P. macrocarpa ethanolic fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam , Sulaiman Wan Mohd Azizi Wan
Published: August 2020

Background

The fruits ofP. macrocarpahave long been used as a traditional Malay medicinal herb for hundreds of years. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in rats confirmed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The ethanol extract ofP. macrocarpa(EEPM) fruits at 100 and 200 mg/kg were given orally for 35 days, glibenclamide. In total, 0.5 mg/kg served as a positive control.

Results

The present toxicity study suggests that the EEPM fruits are non-toxic. In an OGTT, the EEPM at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg and glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose level (hyperglycemia due to glucose load 2 g/kg p.o.) significantly after 2 h of oral administration, when compared to the diabetic control. Repeated oral administration of EEPM daily for up to 35 days exhibited significant antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to the diabetic control. At the end of 35 days of treatment, the 200 mg/kg (EEPM) dose was found to be more effective than the 100 and 50 mg/kg (EEPM) doses and blood glucose levels decreased from 392.66 ± 3.20 to 174.33 ± 4.32 mg/dl (p˂ 0.01). In contrast, on day 35, the blood glucose levels of the normal control, drug control, and diabetic control were 132.16 ± 5.79, 134.33 ± 7.18 (p˂ 0.01), and 514.83 ± 7.96 respectively. From histology analysis, the pancreases of the diabetic control were granulated and dilated islet cells, whereas in the drug control they appeared granulated, without dilation and important hyper plasticity of islets. The treatment groups (EEPM 100 and 200 mg/kg) also showed granulated pancreatic islets and prominent hyper plasticity islets. Light micrographs in various regions of rat kidney tissue from the treatment groups showed absence of matrix expansion and glomerular basement membrane thickening, suggesting it became normal histoarchitecture of the renal. Biochemical aspects in treating animals’ all serum analytic parameters were almost similar to the drug control group with the exception of the 50 mg/kg treatment group.

Conclusion

In this way, it may also serve as a good alternative in the present armamentarium of antidiabetic drugs.
Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Lung Cancer: An Analysis of Korean National Health Insurance Corporation Database
Authors: Sin Sooim , Lee Chang-Hoon , Choi Sun Mi , Han Kyung-Do , Lee Jinwoo
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Metabolic syndrome is known to increase the risk of several cancers. However, the association between lung cancer and metabolic syndrome remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the impact of metabolic syndrome on the incidence of lung cancer.

Methods

This study enrolled participants in a health screening program provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service between January 2009 and December 2012. The incidence of lung cancer was observed until December 2016. We analyzed the risk of lung cancer according to the presence of metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome components, and number of metabolic syndrome components.

Results

During the study, 45 635 new cases of lung cancer were recorded among 9 586 753 participants. The presence of metabolic syndrome and all its components was positively associated with the risk of lung cancer in men after multivariate adjustment (hazard ratio [HR] of metabolic syndrome 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.18). The risk of lung cancer increased with the number of components present. The effect of metabolic syndrome on the increasing risk of lung cancer is may be higher in underweight male ever-smokers than in other participants.

Conclusion

Metabolic syndrome was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in men. Moreover, the higher the number of metabolic syndrome components, the higher the risk of lung cancer.
The Symptomatic Self in the Age of Tolerance
Authors: Edenheim Sara
Published: August 2020

Contemporary society believes itself to be in dire need of tolerance, and tolerance is perceived as an aim in itself and as a virtue that should emanate from within all (good) citizens. The state’s role is to explain how tolerance is the solution to all our problems. To do so, the state also has to present the problems in need of being solved. This study focuses on how the problem of intolerance is represented in governmental policies. The study positions tolerance as a symptomatic politics of regulation of the self as well as minorities. In a detailed study of an exhibition on the life of Anne Frank, directed toward schoolchildren and produced by the Swedish agency Forum for Living History, the author identifies the agency’s directives as problematic, since it assumes the Holocaust can be used as an example of intolerance, caused by individuals’ inability to let everyone “be themselves.” The notion of “being yourself” is scrutinized and placed in a late modern, liberal production of depoliticized identities. Instead the study suggests that using tolerance as a solution to the present problems of racism, hate, and the rise of fascism will prove counterproductive. What is needed instead is the ability to see the discourse of tolerance itself as a symptom of Western subjectivities, where the autonomous subject with a pre-social identity constitutes the hegemonic ideal of modernity, including both liberal and fascist uses of history.
Study of Risk Assessment of Indoor NH3 in Two Urban Households of NCR-Delhi
Authors: KATOCH ANKITA , KULSHRESTHA UMESH CHANDRA
Published: August 2020

Indoor air pollution is a matter of serious concern in the mega cities which are grappling with poor air quality. There are very few reports available that discuss the indoor air quality of gaseous ammonia (NH3). This study reports the abundance and risk assessment of NH3 in two distinct urban households of Delhi city during July 2017 to June 2018. Results showed that the NH3 concentrations were consistently higher during entire sampling period at the Dwarka household (DH) site which represented the residential sector having an average value of 102.5 µg/m3, as compared to the Mayapuri household (MH) site which represented the industrial sector having an average value of 57.2 µg/m3. The spatio-temporal analysis suggested a characteristic seasonal influence as indoor concentrations were very high during monsoon season following the order, monsoon > summer > post-monsoon ≥ winter, at DH site but indoor NH3 at MH site did not show any remarkable seasonal variation except a sweeping increase during monsoons. Short term and long term health risk characterisation using multiple appropriate toxicological end limits for NH3 in the two households showed that at its present concentrations indoor NH3 cannot be a health hazard to the inmates. However, it does not fail to escape our notice that mushrooming urban areas with their complex problems such as poor sanitation, industrialisation, waste management, high vehicular traffic, high occupant density, etc. have become major hubs of continual rise in indoor ammonia.
Surface Water Quality in the Forest Catchment – A Case Study of Tunga and Bhadra River Stretches, Karnataka
Authors: Kumar T. M1 Santhosh , Prakash K. L
Published: August 2020

A need of water quality assessment of the rivers before enters into the human induced habitations play a vital role in maintenance of ecological balance. The surface water samples were randomly collected from the Tunga and Bhadra reservoirs situated in the downstream catchments of Western Ghats with semi-evergreen and mixed deciduous forests during January 2018 to December 2019. The samples were analyzed as per the Standard Methods prescribed for drinking water analysis. Increased trend of pH in Pre-monsoon and decreased trend in post monsoon season was observed and the mean concentrations of pH was ranged between 7.30 and 8.02. Electrical Conductivity values were found to be <143µS/cm and indicated that the water is suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes. The Total Dissolved Solids and Total Hardness values were indicated as soft water as values are <75 mg/L. A significant relation was noticed between Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand during Post monsoon season. Whereas, no relationship was existing with water quality parameters in Tunga River and Bhadra reservoirs during monsoon (2019) wherein highest floods were received in this season. An insignificant pollution load was observed as the water flows through forest areas and no relationship exists between past mining activities in the Bhadra river catchment, sedimentation of reservoir and water quality. However, it is suggested to control of alterations in land use / land cover, use of fertilizer and pesticides, mono culture plantations and developmental activities to maintain the water quality in the study area to meet the domestic demands in the downstream.
Unravelling the knee-hip-spine trilemma from the CHECK study
Authors: van Erp Joost H. J. , Gielis Willem P. , Arbabi Vahid , de Gast Arthur , Weinans Harrie , Arbabi Saeed , Öner F. Cumhur , Castelein René M. , Schlösser Tom P. C.
Published: August 2020

Aims

The aetiologies of common degenerative spine, hip, and knee pathologies are still not completely understood. Mechanical theories have suggested that those diseases are related to sagittal pelvic morphology and spinopelvic-femoral dynamics. The link between the most widely used parameter for sagittal pelvic morphology, pelvic incidence (PI), and the onset of degenerative lumbar, hip, and knee pathologies has not been studied in a large-scale setting.

Methods

A total of 421 patients from the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) database, a population-based observational cohort, with hip and knee complaints < 6 months, aged between 45 and 65 years old, and with lateral lumbar, hip, and knee radiographs available, were included. Sagittal spinopelvic parameters and pathologies (spondylolisthesis and degenerative disc disease (DDD)) were measured at eight-year follow-up and characteristics of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) at baseline and eight-year follow-up. Epidemiology of the degenerative disorders and clinical outcome scores (hip and knee pain and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) were compared between low PI (< 50°), normal PI (50° to 60°), and high PI (> 60°) using generalized estimating equations.

Results

Demographic details were not different between the different PI groups. L4 to L5 and L5 to S1 spondylolisthesis were more frequently present in subjects with high PI compared to low PI (L4 to L5, OR 3.717; p = 0.024 vs L5 to S1 OR 7.751; p = 0.001). L5 to S1 DDD occurred more in patients with low PI compared to high PI (OR 1.889; p = 0.010), whereas there were no differences in L4 to L5 DDD among individuals with a different PI. The incidence of hip OA was higher in participants with low PI compared to normal (OR 1.262; p = 0.414) or high PI (OR 1.337; p = 0.274), but not statistically different. The incidence of knee OA was higher in individuals with a high PI compared to low PI (OR 1.620; p = 0.034).

Conclusion

High PI is a risk factor for development of spondylolisthesis and knee OA. Low pelvic incidence is related to DDD, and may be linked to OA of the hip. Level of Evidence: 1b Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(9):1261–1267.
Developing a personalized outcome prediction tool for knee arthroplasty
Authors: Anis Hiba K. , Strnad Gregory J. , Klika Alison K. , Zajichek Alexander , Spindler Kurt P. , Barsoum Wael K. , Higuera Carlos A. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. ,   Cleveland Clinic OME Arthroplasty Group
Published: August 2020

Aims

The purpose of this study was to develop a personalized outcome prediction tool, to be used with knee arthroplasty patients, that predicts outcomes (lengths of stay (LOS), 90 day readmission, and one-year patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) on an individual basis and allows for dynamic modifiable risk factors.

Methods

Data were prospectively collected on all patients who underwent total or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty at a between July 2015 and June 2018. Cohort 1 (n = 5,958) was utilized to develop models for LOS and 90 day readmission. Cohort 2 (n = 2,391, surgery date 2015 to 2017) was utilized to develop models for one-year improvements in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain score, KOOS function score, and KOOS quality of life (QOL) score. Model accuracies within the imputed data set were assessed through cross-validation with root mean square errors (RMSEs) and mean absolute errors (MAEs) for the LOS and PROMs models, and the index of prediction accuracy (IPA), and area under the curve (AUC) for the readmission models. Model accuracies in new patient data sets were assessed with AUC.

Results

Within the imputed datasets, the LOS (RMSE 1.161) and PROMs models (RMSE 15.775, 11.056, 21.680 for KOOS pain, function, and QOL, respectively) demonstrated good accuracy. For all models, the accuracy of predicting outcomes in a new set of patients were consistent with the cross-validation accuracy overall. Upon validation with a new patient dataset, the LOS and readmission models demonstrated high accuracy (71.5% and 65.0%, respectively). Similarly, the one-year PROMs improvement models demonstrated high accuracy in predicting ten-point improvements in KOOS pain (72.1%), function (72.9%), and QOL (70.8%) scores.

Conclusion

The data-driven models developed in this study offer scalable predictive tools that can accurately estimate the likelihood of improved pain, function, and quality of life one year after knee arthroplasty as well as LOS and 90 day readmission. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(9):1183–1193.
A randomized controlled trial comparing tibial migration of the ATTUNE cemented cruciate-retaining knee prosthesis with the PFC-sigma design
Authors: Kaptein Bart L. , den Hollander Peter , Thomassen Bregje , Fiocco Martha , Nelissen Rob G. H. H.
Published: August 2020

Aims

The primary objective of this study was to compare migration of the cemented ATTUNE fixed bearing cruciate retaining tibial component with the cemented Press-Fit Condylar (PFC)-sigma fixed bearing cruciate retaining tibial component. The secondary objectives included comparing clinical and radiological outcomes and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs).

Methods

A single blinded randomized, non-inferiority study was conducted including 74 patients. Radiostereometry examinations were made after weight bearing, but before hospital discharge, and at three, six, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. PROMS were collected preoperatively and at three, six, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Radiographs for measuring radiolucencies were collected at two weeks and two years postoperatively.

Results

The overall migration (mean maximum total point motion (MPTM)) at two years was comparable: mean 1.13 mm (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97 to 1.30) for the ATTUNE and 1.16 mm (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.35) for the PFC-sigma. At two years, the mean backward tilting was -0.43° (95% CI, -0.65 to -0.21) for the ATTUNE and 0.08° (95% CI -0.16 to 0.31), for the PFC-sigma. Overall migration between the first and second postoperative year was negligible for both components. The clinical outcomes and PROMs improved compared with preoperative scores and were not different between groups. Radiolucencies at the implant-cement interface were mainly seen below the medial baseplate: 17% in the ATTUNE and 3% in the PFC-sigma at two weeks, and at two years 42% and 9% respectively (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

In the first two postoperative years the initial version of the ATTUNE tibial component was not inferior with respect to overall migration, although it showed relatively more backwards tilting and radiolucent lines at the implant-cement interface than the PFC-sigma. The version of the ATTUNE tibial component examined in this study has subsequently undergone modification by the manufacturer. Level of Evidence: 1 (randomized controlled clinical trial) Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(9):1158–1166.
«La núvia d'Hades". Presència del tòpic als laments per una mort prematura en "Ifigènia a Àulida" i als carmina grecs
Authors: Muñoz Martínez Sandra
Published: August 2020

Al present article s’estudia el motiu de la núvia d’Hades a l’imaginari de l’antiga Grècia, ficant especial atenció en l’Himne a Demèter. S’ofereixen exemples de la tragèdia Ifigenia a Àulidai epigrames funeraris grecs on una jove que ha patit una mors immaturarep el qualificatiu de ‘núvia d’Hades’. A les conclusions es comenten altres casos estrets de la tragèdia i l’epigrafia on una jove que mor prematurament és concebuda com una núvia de la mort.
Figuras de tragedia griega en "The god of small things" (Arundhati Roy, 1997)
Authors: Palomar Natalia
Published: August 2020

Dentro del complejo entramado de esta novela, que nos adentra en la vida de tres generaciones de una familia de Kerala, se percibe una dinámica de tragedia griega. Las conexiones son múltiples: en los gemelos protagonistas reaparecen las vicisitudes de Electra y Orestes. También se reelabora la cuestión de la doble culpa edípica al implicar a Estha y Rahel – como pareja – en la muerte de su prima, un suceso que los marca desde su infancia. Además, la ambigua relación de la madre con su hijo e hija gemelos la hace comparable a Medea. Planeando sobre todo ello, destaca la exótica “mariposa nocturna de Pappachi”: su presencia perturbadora, semejante a la del tábano del mito griego, simboliza la maldición que atormenta a esta estirpe.
Pompeyo Magno y la ciudad de Atenas
Authors: Amela Valverde Luís
Published: August 2020

Se ha definido el mundo romano como un mundo de ciudades. No es de extrañar, pues, que en la etapa final de la República los líderes políticos intentasen tener una amplia influencia en las principales civitates. Cómo no, Atenas no fue una excepción, En este trabajo exponemos la relación entre esta ciudad y Cn. Pompeyo Magno (cos. I 70 a.C.).
245. La montaña en los programas internacionales de la UNESCO (1972-2002): del Man and Biosphere al Año Internacional de las Montañas
Authors: Sunyer Martín Pere
Published: August 2020

Con la aprobación en junio de 1992 de la Agenda 21, en la Cumbre Mundial sobre el Medio Ambiente y el desarrollo en Río de Janeiro, se establecieron las bases para la actuación de los Estados en pos del desarrollo sostenible, en el siglo XXI. Uno de los ámbitos de trabajo eran las montañas, recogidas en su capítulo 13. Su inclusión fue resultado de un largo camino iniciado veinte años antes, en 1971, con el programa de la UNESCO Man and Biosphere (MAB) que culminó con la celebración del 2002 Año Internacional de las montañas; un camino que condujo a un grupo de entusiastas de estos espacios desde los estudios del medio físico al humano, y desde la necesidad de salvaguardar su diversidad física y biológica a la de proteger la diversidad cultural de los pueblos que en ella habitan. De ahí se crearon algunos programas y organismos cuyos trabajos y actividades son todavía referentes para aquellos que deseen acercarse a entender el funcionamiento y riqueza a nivel planetario de las montañas.
Bioética animal como respuesta al cartesianismo distópico
Authors: Yañez González Gustavo Sebastián
Published: August 2020

La crisis sanitaria global que es la COVID-19 arroja al pensamiento hacia lugares incómodos. En el presente manuscrito sugiero que la filosofía pospandémica, de ahora en adelante, no puede ni podrá desentenderse del fenómeno de lo viviente, específicamente del viviente animal no humano. Precisamente, producto de la indiferencia de la cuestión animal, la filosofía ha creído por pretérita la tesis cartesiana del animal-máquina. Muy por el contrario, en este texto propongo que dicha comprensión del animal no tiene nada de arcaica, y que, provocada por el contexto pandémico, podría dar a lugar a lo que tentativamente es posible denominar “cartesianismo distópico”. Ante esta consumación, cuya cristalización es el devenir (total) máquina del animal no humano, una bioética animal podría servir como vía para contravenir el cartesianismo distópico.
“Diplomacia Científica”: El rol del científico en el manejo de pandemias
Authors: Vargas Solorzano Montserrat
Published: August 2020

Este artículo evalúa el papel de los científicos en el análisis y la gestión de los asuntos mundiales, en particular durante las crisis sanitarias como la actual pandemia de COVID-19. Las autoridades y la población requieren su asesoramiento basado en el conocimiento adquirido a través del proceso científico para comprender los problemas locales y globales, y facilitar la búsqueda de soluciones. La intervención de los expertos debe estar inscrita en principios éticos y deontológicos del conocimiento científico, y tener en cuenta una serie de aspectos sociales y económicos, para proporcionar respuestas que favorezcan el avance del conocimiento, el bienestar social y la mejora de la salud de las poblaciones.
Ethical health resources allocation: Why the distinction between ‘rationing’ and ‘rationalization’ matters
Authors: Patrão Neves Maria do Céu
Published: August 2020

Allocation of health resources has an irreducible ethical dimension, thus cannot be decided only technically, but must be ethically weighed, what paradigmatic experiences of macro (Oregon Basic Health Services Act, 1989) and micro allocation (God’s Committee, 1962) have shown. Justice is required in the enunciation of prioritization criteria, and transparency in its application. In situations of aggravated resource scarcity, it is common to take ‘allocate’ and ‘rationing’ as synonyms or claim that ‘allocate’ is always ‘rationing’. Rejecting these positions, there is a distinction between 'allocating' (resource management) from 'rationing' (allocation of limited resources to a limited number of persons) and 'rationalizing' (optimization of available resources). These distinctions are ethically pertinent, showing how only 'rationalization' respects justice, transparency and human dignity.
Development of x-ray mirror foils using a hot plastic deformation process
Authors: Nakaniwa Nozomi , Ezoe Yuichiro , Numazawa Masaki , Takeo Mai , Ishida Manabu , Ishikawa Kumi , Morishita Kohei , Nakajima Kazuo
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we present a silicon reflector developed through a hot
plastic deformation process and used as a lightweight,
high-angular-resolution x-ray mirror. We deformed the silicon
substrate using conical dies with a curvature radius of 100 mm. The
measured radii of the reflector were approximately 100 µm greater than
the design values. Due to a gap between the die and the reflector
toward the edge, it is probable that the substrate did not reach the
yield point, and an elastic spring back occurred. In addition, we have
evaluated the x-ray imaging capability of the plastically deformed
silicon reflector for the first time, to the best of our knowledge.
The estimated angular resolution is 1.76 arc min from the entire
reflector, and 0.52 arc min in the best region. For the enhancement of
the imaging capability, we may improve the shape of die and determine
the best parameter set for the deformation.
Defocused imaging exploits supercritical-angle fluorescence emission for precise axial single molecule localization microscopy: erratum
Authors: Zelger Philipp , Bodner Lisa , Velas Lukas , Schütz Gerhard J. , Jesacher Alexander
Published: August 2020

We recently reported on the use of defocused imaging for single molecule localization microscopy close to the coverslip [Biomed. Opt. Express, 11, 775 (2020)10.1364/BOE.375678]. The original manuscript contains an error in the description of the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) calculations for SALM/DONALD, which affected the corresponding precision plot in Figure 2(b). We present a corrected description and plot.
Topological converter for high-efficiency coupling between Si wire waveguide and topological waveguide
Authors: Kagami Hibiki , Amemiya Tomohiro , Okada Shou , Nishiyama Nobuhiko , Hu Xiao
Published: August 2020

Replacing part of a conventional optical circuit with a topological photonic system allows for various controls of optical vortices in the optical circuit. As an underlying technology for this, in this study, we have realized a topological converter that provides high coupling efficiency between a normal silicon wire waveguide and a topological edge waveguide. After expanding the waveguide width while maintaining single-mode transmission from the Si wire waveguide, the waveguides are gradually narrowed from both sides by using a structure in which nanoholes with C6 symmetry are arranged in a honeycomb lattice. On the basis of the analysis using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method, we actually fabricated a device in which a Si wire waveguide and a topological edge waveguide were connected via the proposed topological converter and evaluated its transmission characteristics. The resulting coupling efficiency between the Si wire waveguide and the topological edge waveguide through the converter was –4.49 dB/taper, and the coupling efficiency was improved by 5.12 dB/taper compared to the case where the Si wire waveguide and the topological edge waveguide were connected directly.
Hybrid Tamm-surface plasmon polariton mode for highly sensitive detection of protein interactions
Authors: Buzavaite-Verteliene E. , Plikusiene I. , Tolenis T. , Valavicius A. , Anulyte J. , Ramanavicius A. , Balevicius Z.
Published: August 2020

The total internal reflection ellipsometry (TIRE) method was used for the excitation and study of the sensitivity properties of the hybrid Tamm plasmon polariton – surface plasmon polariton (TPP-SPP) and single surface plasmon resonance (SPR) modes of the GCSF receptor immobilization. Additionally, the optimized sensitivity of the hybrid TPP-SPP mode was investigated and compared with the single SPR mode when the BSA proteins formed a layer on the gold surface. The dispersion relations for the hybrid TPP-SPP and single SPR modes were used to explain the enhanced sensitivity of the ellipsometric parameters for the hybrid TPP-SPP mode over the conventional SPR. The SPP component (δΔh-SPP/δλ=53.9°/nm) of the hybrid TPP-SPP mode was about 6.4 times more sensitive than single SPR (δΔSPR/δλ=8.4°/nm) for the BSA protein layer on the gold film. It was found that the sensitivity of the hybrid plasmonic mode can be made controllable by using the strong coupling effect between the TPP and SPP components. The strong coupling regime reduces absorption and scattering losses of the metal for the SPP component in the hybrid TPP-SPP mode and, as a result, narrows the plasmonic resonance.
High color rendering index of 94 in white LEDs employing novel CaAlSiN3: Eu2+ and Lu3Al5O12: Ce3+ co-doped phosphor-in-glass
Authors: Shih Hsing-Kun , Liu Chun-Nien , Cheng Wei-Chih , Cheng Wood-Hi
Published: August 2020

High color rendering index (CRI) and wide correlated color temperatures (CCTs) white LEDs (WLEDs) employing CaAlSiN3: Eu2+ and Lu3Al5O12: Ce3+ co-doped phosphor-in-glass (PiG) are demonstrated. Through fabrication using a low sintering temperature of 620°C to minimize inter-diffusion between the red phosphor and glass, and adjusting thickness of 0.5-0.7 mm to obtain the chromaticity tailorable co-doped PiG, the WLEDs exhibit high CRI of 94 and wide CCTs of 3900 K to 5300 K. This CRI is the highest yet reported for the co-doped PiG. The proposed of the co-doped PiG with good thermal stability fabricated by using a low sintering temperature may provide a novel technique to achieve high-performance WLEDs with high CRI for use in many high-quality of indoor lighting applications, especially in color inspection, clinical inspection, and gallery lighting.
Polarized radiative transfer in dense dispersed media containing optically soft sticky particles
Authors: Ma Lanxin , Wang Cunhai , Liu Linhua
Published: August 2020

This paper focuses on polarized radiative transfer in dispersed layers composed of densely packed optically soft particles while considering the effects of dependent scattering and particle agglomeration. The radiative properties of the particles for different agglomeration degrees are calculated using the Lorenz-Mie theory combined with the Percus-Yevick sticky hard sphere model, and the vector radiative transfer equation is solved by using the spectral method. The normalized Stokes reflection matrix elements of the layers for different particle sizes, particle volume fractions and layer thicknesses are discussed. The results show that the effects of multiple scattering, dependent scattering and particle agglomeration have different degrees of influence on the polarized reflection characteristics of the layers. Due to the inhibition effect of far-field interference interaction on particle scattering, the dependent scattering weakens the depolarization caused by multiple scattering. However, as the particles form agglomerations, the scattering coefficients of the particles obviously increase with the agglomeration degree, which will lead to the significant enhancement of the multiple scattering and depolarization.
Silicon subwavelength modal Bragg grating filters with narrow bandwidth and high optical rejection
Authors: Oser Dorian , Pérez-Galacho Diego , Le Roux Xavier , Tanzilli Sébastien , Vivien Laurent , Labonté Laurent , Cassan Éric , Alonso-Ramos Carlos
Published: August 2020

Waveguide Bragg grating filters with narrow bandwidths and high optical rejections are key functions for several advanced silicon photonics circuits. Here, we propose and demonstrate a new, to the best of our knowledge, Bragg grating geometry that provides a narrowband and high rejection response. It combines the advantages of subwavelength and modal engineering. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we implement the proposed Bragg filters in 220-nm-thick Si technology with a single etch step. We experimentally show flexible control of the filter selectivity, with measured null-to-null bandwidths below 2 nm, and strength of 60 dB rejection with a null-to-null bandwidth of 1.8 nm.
Photoluminescence of optical windows excited with extreme ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Lo Jen-Iu , Peng Yu-Chain , Lu Hsiao-Chi , Cheng Bing-Ming
Published: August 2020

Upon excitation with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, optical windows

C
a
F

2

and sapphire emit strong photoluminescence (PL) in the ultraviolet region 200–400 nm. The spectral profiles of the windows observed in the PL spectra appear strongly dependent on their temperature. We suggest the use of PL spectra of

C
a
F

2

and sapphire excited with EUV light to indicate the temperature for EUV applications such as nano-photolithography technology in manufacturing semiconductor devices; potentially, the method is applicable to a wide range of radiation including the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) and EUV regions and in all fields.
O movimento dos atingidos por barragens e o enfrentamento de desastre ambiental: uma aproximação prática da educação ambiental e do campo
Authors: Valdanha Neto Diógenes , Jacobi Pedro Roberto
Published: August 2020

Este artigo relata estudo desenvolvido no contexto de inundação, no ano de 2014, da comunidade ribeirinha de São Carlos do Jamari, no estado de Rondônia. O objetivo principal foi o de compreender a atuação educacional do Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens (MAB) nessa situação. Desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso entrevistando e realizando grupo focal com lideranças do MAB. Os resultados permitem concluir que o MAB teve forte impacto como agente educativo no contexto estudado, utilizando diversas estratégias descritas na literatura da Educação Ambiental e do Campo para a efetivação de suas ações. As decorrências foram repercutidas principalmente em duas grandes categorias: a transformação da relação da comunidade consigo mesma (comunidade-comunidade), e da comunidade com o Estado.
Educação ambiental dialógico-crítica e educação do campo: buscando caminhos contra hegemônicos
Authors: Ferreira Caroline Lins Ribeiro , Pereira Kelci Anne , Logarezzi Amadeu Montagnini
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo, parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado, objetivamos compreender as categorias educação ambiental e educação do campo contextualizadas na referência epistemológica e filosófica do materialismo histórico, identificando algumas de suas aproximações. Partimos da seleção, revisão bibliográfica e síntese de obras que sistematizam macrotendências e matrizes destas duas categorias, utilizando a leitura crítica como principal procedimento. Como resultado, verificamos que as categorias se articulam sob a discussão relacional sociedade-ambiente e apresentam dilemas comuns no desafio contra-hegemônico de constituir sociedades sustentáveis.
Entre a educação ambiental e a agroecologia:um olhar sobre Escolas Famílias Agrícolas (EFAs)
Authors: Petri Mariana , Fonseca Alexandre Brasil
Published: August 2020

Buscamos, neste artigo, compreender como a Educação Ambiental (EA) é abordada nas Escolas Famílias Agrícolas (EFAs), a partir da revisão bibliográfica de dissertações e teses brasileiras sobre a temática. A análise de 8 dissertações sobre as EFAs, que possuíam a EA como categoria central no título ou resumo, nos permitiu constatar que a práxis dessas escolas, consideradas como um dos braços do movimento da Educação do campo, pode ser relacionada diretamente com a EA Crítica, que pressupõe a implicação dos sujeitos com o meio e sua transformação/reorientação para modelos mais sustentáveis de sociedade. A Agroecologia apareceu como importante caminho ao questionar o modelo hegemônico da agricultura industrial e oferecer alternativas aos/às camponeses/as.

Between environmental education and agroecology: a glance at Family Agricultural Schools

In this article, we seek to understand how Environmental Education (EE) is approached in Agricultural Family Schools (EFAs, in Brazil), based on the bibliographic review of Brazilian dissertations and theses. The analysis of 8 dissertations on EFAs, which had EE as a central category in the title or abstract, allowed us to see that the praxis of these schools, considered as one of the branches of the Rural Education movement, can be directly related to Critical EE , which presupposes the subjects' involvement with the environment and its transformation/reorientation towards more sustainable models of society. Agroecology appeared as an important path when questioning the hegemonic model of industrial agriculture and offering alternatives to peasants.

Keywords: Alternation. Agroecology. Environmental Education. Rural Education. Sustainable rural development.
Ambientalização curricular: análise crítica dos projetos pedagógicos em diferentes cursos de formação de professores
Authors: De Oliveira Flávio Lourenço , Santana Cavalcante Lívia Poliana , Teles Maiane Lima
Published: August 2020

Decorrente de ações antrópicas, surge à multifacetada crise ambiental. A EA dissemina conhecimentos acerca da conservação e sustentabilidade ambiental, apresentando-se como alternativa apta a mitigar seus efeitos. O presente estudo, intentou analisar a ambientalização curricular dos cursos de licenciatura do CFP/ UFCG, através dos seus respectivos PPCs, ou seja, a inclusão de valores sociais/éticos/estéticos/ambientais, visando diligenciar a interdisciplinaridade e a EA nas diversas áreas do conhecimento. Considerando a bagagem acadêmica ofertada aos docentes em formação, sobretudo, na proposta da EA e seu desafio de requerer uma práxis cuidadosamente planejada. O diagnostico, como esperado, revelou uma AC nos cursos vinculados a UACEN e UNAGEO, cursos afins da área ambiental e ausência da AC nos demais cursos, apesar de seus PPCs estarem em concordância com os princípios estabelecidos pela PNEA.

Curricular environmentalization: critical analysis of pedagogical projects in diferent teacher training courses

Abstract
The environmental crisis arises as a result of human actions and has it owns characteristics and peculiarities. An alternative able to decrease these effects is the environmental education (EE) which is used to diffuse knowledge concerning of conservation and sustainability. This paper aimed to analyze the curricular structure of educational degree courses offered by the Federal University of Campina Grande on their Teacher Training Center campus through their respective pedagogic project (PP). In this analysis was considered the inclusion of social, ethical, aesthetic and environmental values, focusing on the existence of EE's curricular of the different knowledge area interdisciplinarity. Thus we considered the academic knowledge which is offered to teachers in training, especially in the EE outline and the challenge of requiring carefully planned praxis. On this research we observed an EE vision integrated on curricular project of courses associated with the environmental area linked to UACEN and UNAGEO. Meanwhile, as expected, despite the PP in agreement with the principles of PNEA, the other degree courses do not have this EE prediction.

Keywords: Environmental crisis. Sustainability. Interdisciplinarity.
Concepções sobre Educação Ambiental: desafios para pensar situações metodológicas e o ensino de Ciências
Authors: Lopes Eduarda Da Silva , Radetzke Franciele Siqueira , Da Costa Güllich Roque Ismael
Published: August 2020

A Educação Ambiental (EA) relacionada aos ecossistemas pode estar remetida a diversas concepções diante das práticas e metodologias empregadas nos espaços de ensino. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho traz um levantamento feito nas publicações dos últimos 5 anos (2015 a 2019) da Revista Brasileira de Educação Ambiental (RevBEA), buscando analisar os relatos de experiência nos quais a EA está inserida como prática dentro das escolas e dos espaços de ensino, classificando-as de acordo com as concepções. Observou-se que os resultados expressam uma maior prevalência da concepção Conservadora (42:69), seguida de uma concepção maisSocial (21:69) e com menor frequência uma visão Política (6:69) acerca das práticas relacionadas com a EA. Acreditamos na importância de se potencializar atitudes pró-ambiente que possam perpassar o ambiente escolar.
Do discurso ecoteológico às práticas de educação ambiental das Campanhas da Fraternidade realizadas pela Igreja Católica no Brasil
Authors: De Azevedo Aldemir Inácio , Pereira Ramos Cláudia Mirella , De Souza Elber Willames
Published: August 2020

A pesquisa investigou as abordagens desenvolvidas pela Igreja Católica sobre as questões ambientais, a partir da realização das Campanhas da Fraternidade realizadas no Brasil de 1964 a 2017. Utilizamos a noção de discurso ambiental como categoria analítica e conceitual para compreender as concepções, posicionamentos e argumentos elaborados e disseminados pela igreja acerca das problemáticas sobre o meio ambiente. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise dos documentos produzidos pela instituição.Verificou-se um esforço da igreja em acompanhar os debates ambientais, utilizando como cerne discursivo a visão criacionista, ao mesmo tempo em que busca apoio nas construções científicas. A partir do entrelaçamento dessas referências, a igreja elabora formulações ambientais próprias que são utilizadas como um exercício de educação ambiental. Estas ideias tem sido sistematizadas, sobretudo, pelos expoentes da ecoteologia.