bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERING FORMAL, NON-FORMAL AND INFORMAL EDUCATION
Authors: Läänemets Urve , Kalamees-Ruubel Katrin , Kiilu Kristi , Sepp Anu
Published: May 2018

Curriculum development for general comprehensive and also vocational schools needs consideration of the context, in which availability of non-formal and informal education (extracurricular activities=EA) plays an important role forming a meaningful whole with formal education. This pilot study attempted to find out what motivates students (aged 13–15) for participation and teachers organizing/supervising these activities. The methods used for data collection were questionnaires for students (n=258), focus groups of students (n=4), and interviews with teachers (n=8) which provided preliminary data for comprehension of the meaning of EA. The data were processed statistically and by content analysis. The results highlighted several important issues which should be considered when selecting and organizing the content for designing subject syllabi for formal learning specified in national curricula (NC) under changed learning environments, especially considering those created by ICT. Students mentioned the following factors: development of students’ self-awareness about ones abilities, acquisition of new knowledge a and skills, but also new friends and wider social contacts, new experience and satisfaction with creative work. The teachers mentioned students’ additional knowledge and skills they can use in their formal studies at school and engagement in activities widening their cultural horizons. EA can also provide material for decision-making for students’ potential choices for future education.
A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING IN LEARNING THEORY AND MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES IN COGNITIVE RADIOS
Authors: Tasheva Zhaneta , Bogdanov Rosen
Published: May 2018

The relationship between cognitivism as learning theory in education and machine learning is characterized in this survey paper. The cognitivism describes how learning occurs through internal processing of information and thus leads to understanding and retention. Cognitive information processing plays an active role to understand and process information that learner receives and relates it to already known and stored within learner’s memory. Thus, the cognitive approach defines learning as a change in knowledge which is stored in learner’s memory, and not a change in learner’s behaviour. In regard with importance of various learning problems to designing cognitive communications systems the two main classification categories of learning techniques are explained. Furthermore, the cognitive radio learning algorithms that have been proposed are described. Finally, the similarities and differences among the principles of learning theories and machine learning are discussed.
KNOWLEDGE WORKER AS A USER OF INTELLIGENT COLLABORATIVE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Authors: Katalnikova Sabina
Published: May 2018

Education is integral part of every knowledge worker’s activity during their whole life. While talking about lifelong education of knowledge workers, it is important to provide a possibility to study following an individual programme and, keeping into mind their own particular study aim, to test their newly acquired knowledge practically, to collaborate and learn from colleagues. In this regard development and application of intelligent collaborative educational systems gain great importance. This article has a threefold purpose: 1) to analyse the notion of knowledge worker, 2) to highlight its main traits and characteristics, 3) to offer a model of knowledge worker from the standpoint of a user of intelligent collaborative educational system. This theoretical study was based on an analysis of available literature sources and a summarizing of information. In order to illustrate the proposed model, extended semantic networks were applied and their brief description was given.
MANIFESTATION OF SOCIETAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE SOCIAL WORKER’S PROFESSION IN LITHUANIA AND THE UKRAINE
Authors: Nemeikšienė Virginija , Rūdytė Kristina
Published: May 2018

The paper focuses on the issues of societal attitude towards the social worker’s profession. Aiming to reveal the societal attitude towards manifestation of the social worker’s profession in Lithuania and the Ukraine, a quantitative research method has been chosen, using a semi-standardised questionnaire. The research data analysis employed a non-parametric statistical method – Kruskal-Wallis test. The hypothesis raised at the beginning of the research has been partly proven: it is likely that society has no clear vision on what are the characteristics of the content of professional activities of a social worker. The answers of the respondents (N=784) suggest that they cannot exactly say what social work is; but understand where and with what kinds of people’s groups the staff can work. They do not single out professional competences; however, they name the knowledge, abilities which are required for a social worker. They understand the values which are not attributed to general values but rather particularly oriented to a client, and know real material condition of a social worker, i.e. that this job is low paid.
STUDENTS' EXPECTATIONS AND REFLECTIONS ABOUT PIANO COURSES IN FINNISH PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER EDUCATION
Authors: Sepp Anu , Hietanen Lenita , Enbuska Jukka , Tuisku Vesa , Ruokonen Inkeri , Ruismäki Heikki
Published: May 2018

In Finland, music subject is part of National Core Curriculum and in the primary school stage (grades 1-6) usually taught by primary school teachers. To assure instruction of music education on a highly professional level, pre-service teachers are taught piano course as part of music didactics.This article reports findings of the pilot study carried out as part of ArcTop research project between University of Lapland and University of Helsinki to develop and improve primary school teacher education in both institutions. Students' expectations and reflections are  examined through the lens of self-efficacy theory by Bandura (1977, 1986, 1997).The data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire to find out students experiences in piano playing and music reading as well as their self-reflections about the learning process. The answers (n = 97) were processed statistically and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results revealed that  most of the participants (n = 64) were inexperienced in piano playing. At the same time they were highly motivated and eager to learn and practice. The students also mentioned the lack of  elementary music literacy knowledge and the insufficient number of contact lessons which give grounds for making further arrangements in the curriculum.
SELF-EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS' HEALTH AS A FACTOR FOR QUALITY OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kardeliene Laimute , Razbadauskas Arturas
Published: May 2018

Physical education teacher, as a profession, has various duties, which impact teacher's physical and emotional health. This may have an effect on quality of lessons. The aim of the research is to establish the self-evaluation of PE teachers' health. The following indicators of health self-evaluation were chosen: taking care of one's health, health condition and its evaluation. Questionnaires were used to self-evaluate PE teachers' health, to point out diseases such as having a cold, also various somatic and psychosomatic disorders. The sample of the research was 324 PE teachers, randomly chosen from high schools in Lithuania. The average age of the participants was 44,59 ± 0,57 years old, their pedagogical work experience - 20,52 ± 0,58 years. It was found that only 29,1 per cent of female and 18,3 per cent of male participants rated their health as good. Teachers who evaluated their health positively more seldom experienced various somatic and psychosomatic disorders. Teachers with more than 20 years of work experience rarely evaluated their health as good. In addition, they more frequently experienced various disorders.Women, when compared to men, are more prone to health disorders. Furthermore, women with more than 20 years of work experience more rarely fell into the group of long-term somatic and psychosomatic disorders.
REGIONAL TOURISM BRAND – NEED OR NECESSITY IN THE ASPECT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF POLISH MOUNTAIN RURAL AREAS
Authors: Hyski Marcin , Chudy-Hyski Dorota
Published: May 2018

The paper discusses the issue of the regional tourism brand, which is a significant differentiator of the area in the market and gives the opportunity to include tourism in the model of socio-economic development of the region. The analysis of regional branded tourist products includes mountain rural areas of Poland. These areas are an example of a region with unfavourable farming conditions, which makes the competitive position of these areas in a much worse position than other rural areas in the country. Due to the difficulties in the sphere of social and economic life occurring in mountain rural areas, they require other alternative development incentives. Tourism can be one of these, but to make the development through tourism effective, attention must be focused on building a strong regional brand, which is the competitive strength of the area. Mountain rural areas have their own specific potential, which allows them to build regional branded tourist products easily distinctive from lowland rural areas. The aim of the paper is to indicate the importance of the region's tourism brand on the example of mountain rural areas of Poland, including its constituent elements. The paper uses a descriptive and qualitative analysis method that allowed to identify problems of mountain rural areas development and the role of tourism and in particular the tourism brand in the development of such areas. The analysis includes literature in the field of economic sciences, including economies of regions, economies of tourism, and territorial marketing. The paper covers the issues of development of mountain rural areas with an indication of their main socio-economic development problems. Then, against the background of the concept of the region in economic terms, mountain rural areas have been presented as a tourist region where tourism can be an important factor of development. The text also covers selected issues related to the creation of a regional tourism brand, and characterizes the regional tourism brand of mountain rural areas, together with their constituent elements.
APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF KEY COMPETENCIES OF THE 21ST CENTURY IN THE NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY HIGHER SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS
Authors: Znak Natalia , Sedova Natalia
Published: May 2018

The question of transformation of the Russian education, so that it better meets the requirements of the new reality, is more acute than ever. The aim of the study is a system of educational tools that implement individual trajectories in the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) undergraduate program to form the key competences of the 21st century. The subject of the study are the methods of developing key competencies in the implementation of the “Minors” program  and the “Bachelor+” program. The study was based on surveys and interviews with representatives of the administration, organizers of minors, organizers of additional programs and students of 2,3 and 4 courses (634 students). The data were processed by structuring, generalizing and then analyzing. The results of the research revealed an unambiguous positive aspect of the introduction of programs for the development of key competencies, especially communications. A new research question has been formulated. Directions for further research are suggested.
THE RESOLUTION OF CONFLICT BETWEEN TEACHER AND STUDENT: TEACHERS’ NARRATIVES
Authors: Ciuladiene Grazina , Kairiene Brigita
Published: May 2018

The significant thing for teachers is to settle conflicts with students correctly and effectively without disrupting educational process and damaging the relationship. Dispite teacher-student conflicts are unevitable, and important consequences arise there from, teacher-student conflicts remain poorly studied. The present study aims to examine the strategies teachers use to resolve teacher-student conflicts. To investigate the process of conflict between a teacher and a student, a case study method was used. Respondents – teachers - were asked to recall a conflict occurring between them and a student during the school years, describe how the incident was handled, and the consequences of it. The number of respondents constituted 31 teachers. Their average age was 43, 6 years. By gender there were 2 males and 29 females; work experience was from 2 till 35 years.An analysis of the cases enabled to distinguish two groups of teachers’ reactions to the conflicts. One of them is focus on communication with student on the issue and discovering of the reasons of his / her behaviour. Resolving conflict in a cooperative way involves teacher’s endeavours to perceive accurately student’s positions and motivation, recognise the legitimacy of each other’s interests, and search for a solution accommodating the needs of both sides. The second group of teachers’ reactions to the conflicts manifests itself by the lack of the reflection of the motives and causes of the student’s inappropriate behaviour. Thus, recorded conflicts are considered as non cooperative (destructive) ones.This study give insight into the role of teacher in relation to conflict resolution with student. Findings of the study emphasize the need for teachers to critically determine meaningful conflict resolution strategies.
OPPORTUNITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF VALUES IN THE INTEREST-RELATED EDUCATION OF ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Pavlovs Māris
Published: May 2018

Many schools and different educational institutions offer a wide range of out-of-class activities that promote the development of adolescents for a world in which people need to collaborate, to trust each other, to respect other people, different views and traditions. These activities deepen the knowledge acquired in the class in different school subjects, music, art, the use of modern technologies and in other fields. Interest-related education (out-of-class) activities support school teachers and parents in the process of the development of skills, abilities and personal traits, values for life. The task of any teacher in schools and out-of-school activities is to integrate the development of values in their daily activities. The teachers become the managers of the process of the development of values. A small-scale research was carried out with the aim to learn the priority values of teachers working in interest related education and the opportunities of interest-related education in the development of values of adolescents. The questionnaires were used to reach the aim of the research.
FOREST ACCOUNTING AT FAIR VALUE: AN EVALUATION OF STRENGTHS AND POSSIBILITIES TO MINIMISE SHORTCOMINGS
Authors: Budrionytė Ramunė , Subačienė Rasa
Published: May 2018

The accounting standards provide options for different accounting methods to be deployed in accounting of certain assets. However, in other cases, only one of the specified methods should be applied. The forest (stands), the main resource of forestry enterprises, is also attributed to this category of assets, which, according to the standard IAS 41 Agriculture, should be accounted for only at fair value. The aim of the paper is to identify the strengths and shortcomings of applying the concept of fair value to forest financial accounting and to evaluate the possibilities to minimise the disadvantages. The study examines the scholarly literature and deploys the theoretical methods of comparative analysis, critical evaluation, systematisation, generalisation. The empirical research involves the document content analysis, expert assessment methods.The paper examines the issues of applying the fair value concept to forestry accounting: forest valuation at fair value in financial statements reflects the forest biological transformation and the impact of market price changes on the value of the forest. However, the main disadvantage of this method is the fact that the forest often does not have an active market with quoted prices. Thus, its fair value is determined using different valuation methods, often based on subjective assumptions resulting in financial information which can be unreliable and difficult to verify. Furthermore, the profit and loss accounts including the recognition of the change in the fair value of the forest to be sold in the forthcoming decades are not only doubtful, but may also lead to false interpretations of the financial indicators and contradict to the prudence principle. Based on the conclusions of expert evaluation of certain aspects of forest accounting at fair value, the research study offers a modified method of forest accounting at fair value which facilitates minimisation of the shortcomings.
CAREER EDUCATION IN GENERAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Paula Līga , Malyavina Valeria
Published: May 2018

The aim of the research is to find out the problems and solutions of career education in primary and secondary education institutions of Zemgale planning region (ZPR). In order to achieve the aim, the following research questions were set: 1) what are the functions of career education in primary and secondary education institutions; 2) how career education is implemented in ZPR; 3) what factors positively and negatively affect implementation of career education, and 4) what are the outcomes of career education. The theoretical review of the study is based on functional structuralism and document analysis about career education. Empirical data were obtained during semi-structured interviews with representatives of schools where career education is offered. Is was concluded that the core idea of the career education is to help students to develop and realize their skills, interests and abilities, as well as to choose future profession and the most suitable educational institution. Problems related to implementation of career educations are lack of time, difficulty to organize multiple events, difficulties to plan events so they do not interfere with school work, many students are not interested in the event they have to participate in, the lack of financial resources and also the lack of career specialists in schools.
ANALYSIS OF CRITERIA FOR ENSURINGINFORMATION SECURITY OF SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
Authors: Rakhmatullaev Marat , Normatov Sherbek
Published: May 2018

At present, information and knowledge in the field of science and education are strategic resources. From their formation, renewal, distribution depends not only the scientific and educational spheres, but also the socio-economic development of the country. Therefore, the confidentiality, integrity and accessibility of databases of a scientific and educational nature are an important subject of research. The purpose of this article is to conduct an analysis of methods, criteria for assessing units of scientific information in terms of ensuring information security. Classification of criteria for the evaluation of scientific and educational information (SEI), their systematization, analysis of problem of ensuring the security of information resources are given. Also, the information infrastructure development indicators and projects implemented in the field of information security are outlined. Evaluation of SEI units is carried out by experts who themselves have a weighting factor and are dependent on their qualifications. The results of the research are the basis for the creation of an automated system for ensuring information security in the corporate library system of academic libraries. The corporate network forms an electronic public library, distributes the SEI between resource users. The information security system will ensure the regulation of access to resources.
DOES INTERNALISATION OF MORAL VALUES PREDICT ADOLESCENTS’ PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND LESS TOLERANCE TOWARDS ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR?
Authors: Kromerova Enrika , Šukys Saulius
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the current qualitative cross-sectional design study was to examine relations between the internalisation of moral values and prosocial behaviour as well as tolerance towards antisocial behaviour in adolescence. A total of 385 adolescents (192 girls and 193 boys) aged 13 and 16 years (mean age = 14.6, SD = 1.11) completed the self-reported measures of moral values internalisation, adolescents’ prosocial behaviour, and tolerance towards antisocial behaviour. Girls scored significantly higher than boys on moral values internalisation and such prosocial behaviour types as altruism and help in emergency situations. Girls were significantly less tolerant towards antisocial behaviour. Multiple regression analysis showed that external and introjected value regulations were the significant predictors of altruistic behaviour. Only the identified regulation was a significant predictor of adolescents’ intention to help others in emergency situations. Adolescent tolerance towards antisocial behaviour was predicted by the identified and integrated value regulations. Overall, these findings reflected the importance of personal values, especially moral values for encouraging adolescents’ moral behaviour and intolerance towards antisocial behaviour of peers.
DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR EARLY SCHOOL LEAVERS
Authors: Krage Gunta , Ivanova Ilze
Published: May 2018

The started education reform School 2030 in Latvia requires to implement essential changes in approaches to education. The content and the way of learning, how the teachers manage everyday teaching and learning are being revised starting from kindergarden to the graduating of the school.The vision of the student includes the active and mindful participation of everybody in the life of the society, has deepened the necessary knowledge,developed skills and attitudes to be useful for the society. It means that the accent is put on every child to be involved in education.Education has to be built on equity, equality and quality. At the same time there is a great discrepancy between reality and aim of education in Latvia. There is a quite big drop out of students from general and professional education.According to the research of Baltic social research institute (2014) 26% of students from secondary schools and gymnasiums leave school before graduating it. Schools have a great potential to prevent it.The authors discuss the opportunity to develop support system in general education schools to prevent and avoid drop out of learning. The great attention is being paid to the cooperation and collaboration in the system of education, development of teachers’ competences.
USE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN MICROBIOLOGICAL LABORATORY
Authors: Olszewska Dominika Helena , Prauzner Tomasz , Krupa Piotr , Ptak Paweł
Published: May 2018

In today’s world, the utilisation of modern information technology is becoming increasingly common in educational process – not only at primary and secondary school level, but most of all, at university level. The present article is a proposition of the implementation of information technology as a complement of microbiological laboratories. These classes are, most of all, practical, so a tweak of programs and simulations forms a prominent challenge for an academic. A student, who participates in laboratories, achieves specified abilities, however, he or she does not always have an opportunity to preserve them. In the thesis, there is presented a proposition of innovations, implemented into the educational process, which are a result of a long-time educational practice in terms of educating on the university level. Inasmuch as a complex process of teaching and learning (complete with concurrent components, which qualify its didactic effectiveness) is a subject matter of general didactics, the utilisation of information technology may form an excellent complement of laboratories. The utilisation of such solutions helps students to preserve the practical skills, which they acquire in laboratories. The emphasis is on simulation programs, and the open-source learning management system Moodle, which are considered as educational tools which have a relevant impact on the tenor of learner’s cognitive processing. Taking into consideration the advantages of these tools, and the commonness of modern information technology, the authors indicated a large universality of this medium, and its usefulness in the problem and empirical teaching. The presented group of software may bring a significant contribution to the development, the desirability, and the increase of absorption in vocational training. The ponderations are based on the basis of the cognitive theory and the idea of constructive education.
ACCESSIBILITY OF EDUCATION AND SUPPORT FOR A LEARNER AFTER FORMAL EDUCATION: A CASE OF LITHUANIA
Authors: Dudaitė Jolita , Indrašienė Valdonė , Jegelevičienė Violeta , Prakapas Romas
Published: May 2018

Access to education and support for a learner is among the most important educational policy and management issues in the context of educational reform. In many European countries, both academics and practitioners are looking for optimal ways to ensure the child's well-being through the implementation of the principle of access to education, which, as it is known, contributes to reducing social exclusion and, at the same time, increasing academic success. One of the possible means to implement these goals is the idea of the all-day school. Several patterns of the implementation of this idea in Europe can be detected. However, there is often a lack of arguments about the meaningfulness and feasibility of creating such all-day school models. With a view to solving that problem from the perspective of stakeholders and applying a strategy of case study, a comprehensive analysis was carried out in order to find out the need for education, health, social and cultural services for children in Lithuania. In Lithuania, the length of the school year was extended from 2017–2018. It raised a number of issues related to the package of education and social services can be incarnated at school. The discussion about the need to extend working hours in school created preconditions for talking about the wider possibilities of providing additional education, health, social and cultural services at school. Thus, a representative parental survey was conducted to determine the need for additional education, health, social and cultural services at school and the need for all-day school in general. A sample of 1615 parents from all 10 Lithuanian counties was selected. The results of the research are valuable for the discussion of the researchers of educational sciences.
ASSESSMENT OF THE LINK BETWEEN MACROECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS AND TAX REVENUES OF THE COUNTRY
Authors: Burunowa Оlena
Published: May 2018

In any country, the tax system acts as the basis of the economic system. In Poland, the process of improving the tax system is constantly underway. It is aimed at unification with world norms and standards and depends on the strategic directions of the national economic development. Since the opportunities for implementation of the country's strategic development programmes depend on the level of the state income and the main indicators of national development are macroeconomic indicators, the purpose of the paper is to study the relationship between the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and tax revenues of the country. In the research study there were used some general scientific and special methods, such as: systematic method (in the research study of taxes in the structure of budget revenues); comparison, grouping, analysis and synthesis, statistical method (in analysing the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and the volume of tax revenues in the budget of Poland); method of logical generalisation (for the formation of conclusions). The research used data exclusively from the official statistical sources of the Main Statistics Office of Poland, the National Bank of Poland, the Ministry of Finance of Poland. The paper identifies the importance of tax revenues in the revenue part of the budget, analyzes the growth rates of taxes and macroeconomic indicators, establishes a correlation and a regression relationship between gross domestic product, public debt, balance of trade, volume of gold reserves and total tax revenues, and also outlines the level of efficiency of the Polish tax system on the basis of the coefficient of tax elasticity. The results of the research study showed that tax revenues are sensitive to changes in the growth of gross domestic product, as well as changes in public debt, exports and imports, gold and foreign exchange reserves. All the above should take into account the country while being in the budget planning and forecasting process.
THE PROBLEMATICS OF SPORTS LAW IN LATVIA: CIVIL AND CRIMINAL LAW STATUTORY ACTS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Zalcmane Karina , Kamenecka-Usova Marina
Published: May 2018

The article shall be devoted to the problematics of Sports law in Latvia. Mainly authors shall be determining through the prism of civil and criminal law how does Sports law in Latvia looks like today, how it manifests itself and at what stage of development it allocates itself. The following chapters shall be observed:1) Introduction: the origin of Sports Law in Latvia, 2) Sports Law through the prism of civil law; 3) Sports Law through the prism of criminal law; 4) Conclusions. The main problematics in question is whether there exists sports law in Latvia and what are the controversial issues in the national legislation regarding sports. The article is based on the analysis of legislature and relevant documents.
FROM LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION TO FUZZY MATHEMATICS IN GROWN UP PEOPLE
Authors: Lepellere Maria Antonietta , Piccinini Livio Clemente , Taverna Mario
Published: May 2018

The aim of this note is to give some critical examples where even the use of the same clustering rules lead to fuzziness. It starts from poor numerical systems and compares them with the expanded Sergeyev model, where the grossone is used, as an infinite terminal element. It can be compared with terminal elements of the ancient languages, such as the Greek myriad and the Chinese wan. On them some propositions that hold in the arithmetic of the grossone are similar, while they are not meaningful for the countable system of infinity. The note shows that both the upward and downward trend are actually present in human language and in conceptual arrangements. The note then goes on to sketch the model of evolution of Bak-Sneppen, showing two significant applications: the case of the evolution and  study of foreign languages and, according to the model of Lloyd, the territorial analysis. In both cases it is highlighted how the Bak-Sneppen model becomes more stable when the universe is segmented, as already proven by the authors in previous works. The third part examines some cases of false probabilistic intuition due to incomplete perception  of the phenomena, what could therefore be defined as hidden conditional probability. Interesting is the classic application of the theory of games to lotteries and ternary games, such as Chinese morra.
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Podkowińska Monika
Published: May 2018

The article presents the importance of non-verbal communication in the sphere of education at the level of higher education. In terms of the didactic process, education, two types of communication deserve special attention, i.e. public and interpersonal communication. The author presented the characteristics of the above types of communication situation and differences in the non-verbal feedback that are visible between the lecturer’s direct conversation with the student and the lecture given by the academic teacher. The article also indicates the types and functions of non-verbal behaviours, devoting particular attention to uses related to the use of proxemics in education. The significance of proxemics was characterised in the sphere of teaching, paying attention to issues concerning the feeling of congestion or maintaining distance relative to the communicative situation and goals between the academic teacher and a student. The factors determining the issues related to the feeling of congestion are also presented.
EVALUATION OF LEGAL AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE CASE OF FUTURE POLICE OFFICERS
Authors: Nedzinskienė Rūta , Nedzinskas Egidijus
Published: May 2018

Changes in today’s global political, economic, demographic and cultural situation make the relations in society to get sophisticated. Legal and social responsibility becomes critical important in these processes. Because of their professional duties, police officers must be professionals with a very high level of responsibility. However, there is a lack of scientific researches with a particular reference to future police officers responsibility evaluation. This leads to the aim of this research: to evaluate legal and social responsibility of future police officers. The research was based on systematic and comparative scientific literature analysis and statistical data analysis. The study was conducted in 2011 and 2015 in one of Lithuanian universities. 102 recipients of the study program “Law and Police Activities” participated in the survey in 2011 and 109 – in 2015. It was found that students – future police officers feel legal as well as social responsibility. Although the greatest impact on the formation of respondents' responsibility had a family, the relevance of the university‘s contribution has grown from 2011 to 2015. It is also to notice that 66 % of respondents marked that they are legal responsible in 2011 and this proportion increased to 82 % in 2015. The obtained results will contribute in further investigations making analysis of future professionals’ responsibility and its factors.
PROBLEMS OF CONTENT PRODUCTION IN REGIONAL MASS MEDIA
Authors: Murinska Sandra
Published: May 2018

This article examines problems and importance of content production in regional information space. This is an emerging question within a rapidly restructuring media landscape, and globalized information flows with aim to manipulate and destroy democratic order. Policy guidelines for Latvian media 2016 – 2020 describes five steps how to fight against these hazards. One of the steps are the strengthening of local information area and facilitating media pluralism, many tasks are dedicate to support regional media, realizing media fund programs with aim to ensure the availability of information for people in the regions. Regional journalism is classified as unexplored field of research, especially in Latvia, there is a lack of researches about how local journalism should work and what are their working strategies and problems. This article analysis data of survey made among local journalists about their content production practices. The aim was to explore a) what are criteria for content production and selection of news, b) what kind of information is making local information space, c) what are the threats for journalism in regions. Respondents were local journalists in Latgale region of Latvia working in local newspapers, radio and television.Results encountered a very strong attachment to local community and identity construction not to so much dealing with journalistic mission and techniques.
HEALTH SAVING STRATEGY AS A FACTOR OF “SOCIETY WELLNESS”
Authors: Когiakovtseva Olga , Tarkhanova Irina , Upeniece Irena , Arnis Voldemars , Fedorova Polina
Published: May 2018

The article deals with the problem of reducing the motor activity of a modern man, especially a young man, in connection with scientific and technological progress. The results of the presented study confirm these fears: inactive lifestyle is becoming the norm. The importance of promoting the health saving strategy as one of the factors of successful social and economic development of the society is justified.
TURBULENT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLYING MARKETING DECISION OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE LATVIAN MARKET
Authors: Bahmane Ludmila
Published: May 2018

In this work an attempt is made to describe the experience of marketing decision development in the conditions of a turbulent business environment using the example of various Latvian enterprises. The main goal is to show the possibility of simple algorithm for strategic marketing solutions development of different business structures in Latvian market, which can be easily mastered by students of the 2-nd or 3-rd years during 100 academic hours. Using characteristic features of a turbulent business environment, the possibilities of applying marketing decisions offering algorithms both for the national (Latvian) market and for entry into international markets are discussed. This experience is part of the author's pedagogical activity at higher education institutions in Latvia (RISEBA) over the last 20 years and assumes training in new methods of marketing decision development, with use of modern marketing technologies, including matrix methods, as well as cluster, discriminant and screening analysis. The researched experience and potential for the application of the author's theoretical elaborations (the matrix “solution’s novelty – consumer’s demand for novelty”) are particularly relevant for developing creative marketing management solutions in the areas of business where the novelty of goods (services) may be an important competitive advantage in a turbulent business environment.
EFFECT OF RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION ON ORGANISM FUNCTIONALITY IN CYCLING IN TRIATHLON
Authors: Siminaitis Igors , Čupriks Leonīds , Čuprika Aleksandra
Published: May 2018

“Oxygen intake”, “Hypoxia”, “Respiratory muscles training”: are very well known terms in now-a-day sports. That is why the goal of the research is to investigate the effects of the lack of oxygen on an organism’s functionality in the low season preparation term within the cycling stage of triathlon. Nine healthy active triathletes (males n=9), age (20 ± 7 years), competitive at national and international level, were trained in the equal conditions using Spinning bikes in the same room (22 °C ± 2.4 °C and 82 ± 4 % RH), at the same time, at the same cadence (100 revolutions ± 5 rev.) and performing the same exercises. All participants had 4 monocycles pre-experimental preparation (PP). Followed by 12 monocycles (hypoxia training – HT) as a part of a monthly microcycle. During a 60 min session one group was using Ultrabreathe, another group was using the Elevation Mask 2.0 and the last group didn’t use any device performing as a control group. After another 4 monocycles for recovery (R). Data was collected at the end of each phase-PP (4 monocycles in one week), in the middle and at the end of phase-HT (8-monocycles using Elevation Mask 2.0 and Ultrabreathe devices) and the end of phase-R (4-monocycles with no respiration effort). Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), Lactate (LA), cadence power (W) and heart rate (HR) was recorded and collected as part of the research. All were measured in laboratory conditions using KORR CardioCoach gas analyzing system for VO2max, cadence power was measured by the Monark LC4R ergometer bike, whereas blood samples were collected for lactate using the COBAS Accutrend Plus device, heart rate data was measured by the POLAR H7 heart rate belts and POLAR Power Flow system. The performances expressed changes in all four parameters on all stages of the experiment. Maximal oxygen consumption showed an increase in two groups who were using the respiratory depression devices after 8 monocycles –by 4,35 and 3,01% respectively, and by the end of the experiment the total difference was - 3,74 and 0,82 % respectively. Improvements were also defined in the level of increase in lactate and maximum cadence power. There was a power increase in the two groups who were using the respiratory depression devices after 8 monocycles - 3,92 and 1,57% respectively, and by the end of experiment the total difference was - 3,57 and 0,87 % respectively. All this data shows us the positive effects of hypoxial training.
TRENDS OF LEGAL EDUCATION REFORM IN LATVIA
Authors: Gaveika Artūrs
Published: May 2018

In 2015 the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Latvia initiated reform of legal education in Latvia in order to achieve higher quality of legal education. As the most appropriate reform tool to solve this problem, a single lawyer qualification examination and the elimination of the profession of legal adviser were adopted. At the beginning of these reforms, there was no detailed study of the reasons for the lack of quality in legal education and was not audited the study programs of the relevant higher education institutions. The quality of legal education in Latvia has become a subject of public discussion for a considerable amount of time. In 2017, the Rezekne Academy of Technologies was forced to start new study programs development due to elimination of the profession of legal adviser and to create additional opportunities for student quality education in connection with the implementation of a single lawyer's professional qualification examination. The article is dedicated to issues and perspectives of legal education reforms. The study used: the method of legal analysis, studying the progress of legal education reforms, requirements of regulations in the context of the topic and analyzing the quality of legal profession standards and compliance of society, the national economy needs and the impact on the content of study programs in RTA and other higher educational institutions. The comparative method has been used to find out and compare the opinions of experts - employers, university lecturers and students, including RTA students.
THE PHENOMENON OF HELPLESS BEHAVIOR IN JUNIOR SCHOOL AGE: THE ESSENCE, CONTENT, CONDITIONS FOR OVERCOMING HELPLESSNESS
Authors: Shlat Natalia
Published: May 2018

The article deals with the problem of helpless behavior of a child of junior school age – the structure, peculiarities of the manifestation of helplessness, the consequences of fixing helpless behavior for the next stages of the student's development.The article analyzes the psychological and pedagogical conditions for overcoming the helpless behavior of schoolchildren in the conditions of an elementary school. The article contains the results of the diagnosis of helpless behavior, recommendations for teachers on the use of various forms and methods of preventing and overcoming the trained helplessness among elementary school students.The article intended for public reading, as well as for those who are interested in pedagogical research.
INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS
Authors: Bormane Santa
Published: May 2018

Business sustainability hinges on authorities’ action, cooperation and willingness to protect nature and natural resources, but they also have to meet the economic needs and cultivate the economic opportunities, whilst also satisfying the social needs and building a fair relationship among the different social groups. One of the ways to develop a sustainable business is integrated marketing communications. When using integrated marketing communications, businesses – notably food producers and retailers – need to focus on the education of consumers, the ecological performance and impact of products on the environment and human health, thus contributing to a sustainable development of Latvia’s economy overall. The aim of the research is to evaluate the prospects of development of Latvian food retail chains through the use of integrated marketing communication tools for sustainable business. The following scientific research methods are used in the research study: analytical, comparative, graphical, statistical, observatory and interrogative. The research focuses on the Latvian food retail sector, the subject being Latvian food retail chains, with leading specialists from all Latvian food retail chains surveyed. The research confirmed the hypothesis of the positive influence of the use of IMC tools for sustainability upon demand at Latvian food retail chains, its contribution to the formation of public opinion on the importance of preservation of the environment, the enhancement of consumer awareness, the promotion of corporate social responsibility for consumer health, ecological products overall, and the role and contribution of a green economy to a sustainable development of the national economy as a whole. The author has defined IMC for sustainability, developed and classified IMC tools for sustainability, and drawn up an IMC model for sustainability. The results of the research are of both theoretical and practical value.
REGIONAL PECULIARITIES OF UNDERSTANDING PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL WELL-BEING BY NORTHERN TEACHERS AND ARCTIC TERRITORIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
Authors: Gerasimova Rosalia , Nikulina Anna
Published: May 2018

In the period of socio-economic transformation of the study of regional peculiarities of understanding personal and professional wellbeing of teachers in the North and Arctic territories of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are particularly pertinent given with the increase of dissatisfaction with the social and economic situation of young teachers, a reluctance to carry out their professional activities in remote territorial units of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In modern conditions the welfare of an individual depends not only on the environment, material security, and mental and physical health, but also on the subjective understanding of the professional and personal welfare of teachers.Analysis of domestic and foreign scientific research allows us to note that among some of the main methodological issues of research of a phenomenon well-being is the issue of the understanding of the professional and personal well-being. However, it should be noted that the problem of psychological and pedagogical support of professional and personal well-being is complex and not well understood.Thus, the study of qualitative changes in the Outlook and attitude of teachers in the North and the Arctic gives you a holistic awareness of the impact on human reality transformation processes, and identifying qualitative changes in the personality, allowing to go deeper into issues of professional personal growth in the conditions of modernization of education, contributes effectively to determine strategic goals for professional and personal development pedagogical in terms of additional professional development.
PUBLIC AWARENESS ABOUT HIV PREVENTION MEASURES
Authors: Sargsjane Jeļena
Published: May 2018

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which, when progressing, develops as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has been known worldwide for over 30 years. It is one of the greatest epidemics that mankind has ever encountered. The number of HIV infections also increases in Latvia each year, as evidenced by official data from the Center for Disease Prevention and Control. In turn, information on infection with AIDS mechanisms, prevention measures is readily available in the mass media, medical institutions, etc. It also determined the purpose of the study - is the public well informed about HIV infection and its preventive measures?
SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' TYPES OF THINKING IN LEARNING MATHEMATICS
Authors: Reihenova Austra
Published: May 2018

In this article author discusses different patterns of learners’ thinking learning mathematics. The main topic of this article is related to the different perceptions of each pupil, the ability to analyze and draw conclusions, therefore, the author proposes to change the organization of the study process and divide pupils into two groups, which will provide opportunities to acquire knowledge for each type of thinking in separate groups and at the appropriate pace and level. The aim of the article is to analyze the results of mathematical learning using different types of thinking and strategies. Student inspections, which were used as primary documents and questionnaires with open questions, were used to collect the data. The analysis of documents and the author's long-term work experience form the study. In the initial stage of the study, a case study analysis method was used for data processing.