bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pseudo-Priscillian and the Gospel of Truth
Authors: Edwards Mark
Published: June 2016

A treatise On the Trinity, once ascribed to Priscillian of Avila, but now more commonly held to be the work of a disciple, quotes the aphorism “the name of the Father is the Son” as an apostolic saying. In fact it appears to be a quotation of the Gospel of Truth, affinities to which are also visible in the teaching of this treatise on the procession of the Word from the Father, the role of the Holy Spirit in this procession, the universal bondage of the human race in oblivion, the revelation of the Father’s face to the elect, and the common brotherhood of the elect with Christ. After noting a further affinity between the Gospel of Truth and another Priscillianist writing, the article concludes with some reflections on the use of apocryphal literature in the fourth century by authors whose theology was in most respects orthodox.
Jonas Olson’s Evidence for Moral Error Theory
Authors: Evers Daan
Published: June 2016

Jonas Olson defends a moral error theory in 2014. I first argue that Olson is not justified in believing the error theory as opposed to moral nonnaturalism in his own opinion. I then argue that Olson is not justified in believing the error theory as opposed to moral contextualism either (although the latter is not a matter of his own opinion). I conclude that Olson has not given us quite enough evidence for moral error theory.
Why Jonas Olson Cannot Believe the Error Theory Either
Authors: Streumer Bart
Published: June 2016

Jonas Olson writes that “a plausible moral error theory must be an error theory about all irreducible normativity”. I agree. But unlike Olson, I think we cannot believe this error theory. In this symposium contribution, I first argue that Olson should say that reasons for belief are irreducibly normative. I then argue that if reasons for belief are irreducibly normative, we cannot believe an error theory about all irreducible normativity. I then explain why I think Olson's objections to this argument fail. I end by showing that Olson cannot defend his view as a partly revisionary alternative to an error theory about all irreducible normativity.
Bootstrapping the Afterlife
Authors: Altshuler Roman
Published: June 2016

Samuel Scheffler defends “The Afterlife Conjecture”: the view that the continued existence of humanity after our deaths— “the afterlife”—lies in the background of our valuing; were we to lose confidence in it, many of the projects we engage in would lose their meaning. The Afterlife Conjecture, in his view, also brings out the limits of our egoism, showing that we care more about yet unborn strangers than about personal survival. But why does the afterlife itself matter to us? Examination of Scheffler’s second argument helps answer this question, thereby undermining his argument. Our concern for the afterlife involves bootstrapping: we care more about the afterlife than about personal survival precisely because the latter has such salient limits that our lives are structured by adaptation to mortality, and it is only because the afterlife does provide a measure of personal survival that it can give meaning to our projects.
Some Varieties of Humility Worth Wanting
Authors: Nadelhoffer Thomas , Wright Jennifer Cole , Echols Matthew , Perini Tyler , Venezia Kelly
Published: June 2016

In this paper we first set the stage with a brief overview of the tangled history of humility in theology and philosophy—beginning with its treatment in the Bible and ending with the more recent work that has been done in contemporary philosophy (§§1–2). Our two-fold goal at this early stage of the paper is to explore some of the different accounts of humility that have traditionally been developed and highlight some of the key debates in the current literature. Next, we present the findings from several studies we recently conducted in an effort to explore people’s intuitions and beliefs about humility as well as their experiences with being humble (or failing to be humble) (§3). Finally, we discuss the relevance of our findings to the ongoing philosophical debates about humility—suggesting that while some varieties of humility are problematic, other varieties of humility are certainly worth wanting (§4).
What is “Folk” about Synagogue Art?
Authors: Rodov Ilia
Published: June 2016

This publication is a tribute to the memory of the outstanding folklorist and ethnographer Dov Noy, who passed away in 2013. In the scholarly discourse that classifies folklore by modes and media of transmission, synagogue art—as distinct from folk narrative and behavioral lore—is commonly categorized as “visual folklore.” This paper examines the approach of classifying murals and sculptural decoration in east and central European synagogues from the late seventeenth century until the Holocaust as “folk creations.” It suggests a revision of pre-established definitions in the field, in general, and in the analysis of representative folk narratives relating to synagogues, in particular.

The position of academic research into traditional Jewish visual culture, at the seam of art history and folkloristics, challenges predefined divisions of this integral cultural phenomenon into the conventional categories of separate disciplines. In the discourse classifying folklore according to the ways and media of its transmission, synagogue art—in distinction to folk narratives and behavioral lore—commonly falls into the category of “visual folklore,” defined as the visual domain of folk art and material culture. Jewish “folk art” is often attributed generally to “folk artists” and “craftsmen,” without a clear distinction between the two groups. This paper holistically examines the approaches to the murals and sculptural decoration in east and central European synagogues from the late seventeenth century until the Holocaust as visual folklore, craftsmanship, and artistic work, and outlines the part of oral lore in the programming and interpretation of synagogue art. Finally, it proposes to re-approach folk synagogue art as a medium that creates a visual environment for liturgical activity and predicates its viewers’ responses to the challenges, trials, and tribulations of daily life.
Negotiating Intimacy through Social Media
Authors: Golzard Vahideh , Miguel Cristina
Published: June 2016

In Iran, social media platforms have become powerful tools for political and interpersonal communication. They open new ways for their users, particularly women, to negotiate their intimate relationships with their family, (potential) partners or friends. Intimacy online is usually achieved through reciprocal visual and textual self-disclosure, which in turn may lead to face-to-face encounters. For Muslim Iranian women, social media allows room for self-expression, a way to combat loneliness and create meaningful relationships with like-minded people. However, at the same time, women are confronted by a number of risks associated with social media interaction in Iran, such as censorship, online (sexual) harassment, or cybercrime. Based on in-depth interviews and participant observation with Muslim Iranian women in Tehran, this paper explores the extent to which social media platforms (blogs, Facebook and dating sites) have created both challenges and opportunities for them by transforming the ways in which they create and maintain intimate relationships online.
Replacement names for botanical taxa involving algal genera
Authors: BLANCO SAÚL , WETZEL CARLOS E.
Published: June 2016

A cross-check of botanical names databases revealed the presence of 19 cases of homonymy which are hereby resolved by proposing replacement names. Most cases concern diatom genera (Bacillariophyta) names which are preoccupied by spermatophytes. While Loranthella nom. nov. (Spermatophyta, Loranthaceae) and Ochradiscus nom. nov. (Spermatophyta, Resedaceae) are proposed as new names for spermatophytes, new diatom names are proposed for genera that are currently placed in the families Amphipleuraceae, Coscinodiscaceae, Hemiaulaceae, Hemidiscaceae, Melosiraceae, Metascolioneidaceae nom. nov., Naviculaceae, Pyxillaceae, Stictodiscaceae and Surirellaceae. With one exception (i.e. Eileencoxia nom. nov.) all remaining diatom genera that are discussed in the present paper are marine and/or fossil elements. The particularities of each case are briefly discussed. A total of one hundred and three new combinations are proposed.
Palaearctic Hoplitis bees of the subgenera Formicapis and Tkalcua (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species
Authors: MÜLLER ANDREAS , MAUSS VOLKER
Published: June 2016

Formicapis and Tkalcua are related subgenera of the osmiine bee genus Hoplitis (Megachilidae) containing four and three species, respectively. H. (Formicapis) species inhabit open forests and windfalls mainly in the boreal zone with one species distributed across the Holarctic and three species occurring in eastern Asia. H. (Tkalcua) species live in deserts and semideserts from the Canary Island and northern Africa eastwards to the Arabian Peninsula. Analysis of female pollen loads, field observations and literature data reveal that H. (Formicapis) species have a distinct or even exclusive preference for the flowers of herbaceous Rosaceae as pollen hosts, while H. (Tkalcua) species appear to be pollen generalists. Nesting sites of H. (Formicapis) are insect burrows in dead wood, while the only H. (Tkalcua) species, whose nesting behaviour is known, builds its brood cells inside empty snail shells. Species of both subgenera construct brood cell partitions and nest plug with masticated leaves, which, however, are mixed with sand grains in H. (Tkalcua) zandeni (Teunissen & van Achterberg 1992). The taxonomic revision of H. (Formicapis) and H. (Tkalcua) revealed the existence of two undescribed species, H. (Formicapis) coreensis spec. nov. from South Korea and H. (Tkalcua) emiratensis spec. nov. from the United Arab Emirates. Hoplitis excisa (Morawitz 1880) is newly assigned to H. (Formicapis), whereas H. latifemoralis (Wu 1985), formerly considered to belong to H. (Formicapis), is removed from this subgenus due to morphological and biological differences and newly assigned to Hoplitis subgenus incertum. Identification keys for all H. (Formicapis) and H. (Tkalcua) species are given.
Description of a new species of brooding spider crab in the genus Paranaxia Rathbun, 1924 (Brachyura: Majoidea), from northern Australia and Indonesia
Authors: HOSIE ANDREW M. , HARA ANA
Published: June 2016

A new species, Paranaxia keesingi sp. nov., is described based on specimens collected in northern Australia. The new species differs from its only congener, P. serpulifera (Guérin, 1832, in Guérin-Méneville 1829–1837), by several characters including carapace setation, sternal cavities, absence of a subhepatic spine, presence of a sharp spine on the posterodistal angle of the cheliped merus, relatively shorter chelipeds, and longer and more slender ambulatory legs. Morphological separation of the two species is supported by 12s rDNA sequence divergences of 7.4–8.2%. Like P. serpulifera, the newly described species exhibits direct development with females carrying juvenile individuals under the pleon. Both species are sympatric, but Paranaxia keesingi sp. nov. is found in deeper waters than P. serpulifera.
No longer supple? Molecular phylogeny suggests generic reassignment of Lygosoma ashwamedhi (Sharma, 1969) (Reptilia: Scincidae)
Authors: SRINIVASULU CHELMALA , SRINIVASULU BHARGAVI , SRINIVASULU ADITYA , SEETHARAMARAJU MIDATHALA
Published: June 2016

Morphometrics and phylogenetic analysis based on 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences reveal that Riopa ashwamedhi Sharma, 1969 is placed incorrectly in the genus Riopa or Lygosoma, and we transfer this taxon to the genus Eutropis. New material of this rare and endemic species forms the basis of the generic reassignment. A detailed description of E. ashwamedhi (Sharma, 1969) comb. nov. and natural history notes are provided based on the new material collected in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Track analysis of Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of the Subantarctic subregion of South America
Authors: RUIZ ÉRICA V. , ROMANO GONZALO M. , MORRONE JUAN J.
Published: June 2016

We analysed distributional data of 30 species of Oribatid mites of the Subantarctic subregion of southern South America in order to contribute to elucidate their biotic evolution. We constructed individual tracks for the species analysed, based on published and unpublished records. After superposing them we obtained six generalized tracks and five nodes. Four generalized tracks (T2, T3, T4 and T6) extend along and near the Andean ranges, whereas two generalized tracks (T1 and T5) may be artefacts caused by the lack of information. The generalized tracks and nodes show the complex relationships of the austral biota, as hypothesized in previous contributions based on other plant and animal taxa.
A new cavernicolous assassin bug of the genus Bagauda Bergroth (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from the Western Ghats, India
Authors: KULKARNI SIDDHARTH , GHATE HEMANT V.
Published: June 2016

A new cavernicolous, thread-legged assassin bug, Bagauda ernstmayri sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae), collected from a cave near Satara, in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India, is described. Its interaction with the web of an uloborid spider Zosis geniculata (Olivier, 1789) (Araneae: Uloboridae) is discussed.
Investigation of the Spatial Variability of the Convective Boundary Layer Heights over an Isolated Mountain: Cases from the MATERHORN-2012 Experiment
Authors: Pal S. , De Wekker S. F. J. , Emmitt G. D.
Published: June 2016

Spatiotemporal variability in the convective boundary layer height zi over complex terrain is governed by numerous factors such as land surface processes, topography, and synoptic conditions. Observational datasets to evaluate weather forecast models that simulate this variability are sparse. This study aims to investigate the zi spatial variability (along a total leg length of 1800 km) around and over a steep isolated mountain (Granite Mountain) of horizontal and vertical dimensions of 8 and 0.9 km, respectively. An airborne Doppler lidar was deployed on seven flights during the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) campaign conducted at Dugway Proving Ground (Utah) from 25 September to 24 October 2012. During the afternoon, an east–west zi gradient over the region with zi that was approximately 200 m higher on the eastern side than on the western side of Granite Mountain was observed. This gradient illustrates the impact of two different land surface properties on zi spatial variability, with a sparsely vegetated desert steppe region on the east and a dry, bare lake-bed desert with high subsurface soil moisture to the west of Granite Mountain. Additionally, the zi spatial variability was partly attributed to the impact of Granite Mountain on the downwind zi. Differences in zi were also observed by the radiosonde measurements in the afternoon but not in the morning as the zi variability in morning were modulated by the topography. The high-resolution lidar-derived zi measurements were used to estimate the entrainment zone thickness in the afternoon, with estimates ranging from 100 to 250 m.
Land Surface Climate in the Regional Arctic System Model
Authors: Hamman Joseph , Nijssen Bart , Brunke Michael , Cassano John , Craig Anthony , DuVivier Alice , Abel Mimi R. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , Maslowski Wieslaw , Osinski Robert , Roberts Andrew , Zeng Xubin
Published: June 2016

The Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) is a fully coupled, regional Earth system model applied over the pan-Arctic domain. This paper discusses the implementation of the Variable Infiltration Capacity land surface model (VIC) in RASM and evaluates the ability of RASM, version 1.0, to capture key features of the land surface climate and hydrologic cycle for the period 1979–2014 in comparison with uncoupled VIC simulations, reanalysis datasets, satellite measurements, and in situ observations. RASM reproduces the dominant features of the land surface climatology in the Arctic, such as the amount and regional distribution of precipitation, the partitioning of precipitation between runoff and evapotranspiration, the effects of snow on the water and energy balance, and the differences in turbulent fluxes between the tundra and taiga biomes. Surface air temperature biases in RASM, compared to reanalysis datasets ERA-Interim and MERRA, are generally less than 2°C; however, in the cold seasons there are local biases that exceed 6°C. Compared to satellite observations, RASM captures the annual cycle of snow-covered area well, although melt progresses about two weeks faster than observations in the late spring at high latitudes. With respect to derived fluxes, such as latent heat or runoff, RASM is shown to have similar performance statistics as ERA-Interim while differing substantially from MERRA, which consistently overestimates the evaporative flux across the Arctic region.
Zonal Variations in the Southern Ocean Heat Budget
Authors: Tamsitt Veronica , Talley Lynne D. , Mazloff Matthew R. , Cerovečki Ivana
Published: June 2016

The spatial structure of the upper ocean heat budget in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is investigated using the ⅙°, data-assimilating Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE) for 2005–10. The ACC circumpolar integrated budget shows that 0.27 PW of ocean heat gain from the atmosphere and 0.38 PW heat gain from divergence of geostrophic heat transport are balanced by −0.58 PW cooling by divergence of Ekman heat transport and −0.09 PW divergence of vertical heat transport. However, this circumpolar integrated balance obscures important zonal variations in the heat budget. The air–sea heat flux shows a zonally asymmetric pattern of ocean heat gain in the Indian and Atlantic sectors and ocean heat loss in the Pacific sector of the ACC. In the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the ACC, the surface ocean heat gain is primarily balanced by divergence of equatorward Ekman heat transport that cools the upper ocean. In the Pacific sector, surface ocean heat loss and cooling due to divergence of Ekman heat transport are balanced by warming due to divergence of geostrophic heat advection, which is similar to the dominant heat balance in the subtropical Agulhas Return Current. The divergence of horizontal and vertical eddy advection of heat is important for warming the upper ocean close to major topographic features, while the divergence of mean vertical heat advection is a weak cooling term. The results herein show that topographic steering and zonal asymmetry in air–sea exchange lead to substantial zonal asymmetries in the heat budget, which is important for understanding the upper cell of the overturning circulation.
The Role of Springtime Arctic Clouds in Determining Autumn Sea Ice Extent
Authors: Cox Christopher J. , Uttal Taneil , Long Charles N. , Shupe Matthew D. , Stone Robert S. , Starkweather Sandy
Published: June 2016

Recent studies suggest that the atmosphere conditions arctic sea ice properties in spring in a way that may be an important factor in predetermining autumn sea ice concentrations. Here, the role of clouds in this system is analyzed using surface-based observations from Barrow, Alaska. Barrow is a coastal location situated adjacent to the region where interannual sea ice variability is largest. Barrow is also along a main transport pathway through which springtime advection of atmospheric energy from lower latitudes to the Arctic Ocean occurs. The cloud contribution is quantified using the observed surface radiative fluxes and cloud radiative forcing (CRF) derived therefrom, which can be positive or negative. In low sea ice years enhanced positive CRF (increased cloud cover enhancing longwave radiative forcing) in April is followed by decreased negative CRF (decreased cloud cover allowing a relative increase in shortwave radiative forcing) in May and June. The opposite is true in high sea ice years. In either case, the combination and timing of these early and late spring cloud radiative processes can serve to enhance the atmospheric preconditioning of sea ice. The net CRF (April and May) measured at Barrow from 1993 through 2014 is negatively correlated with sea ice extent in the following autumn (r2 = 0.33; p < 0.01). Reanalysis data appear to capture the general timing and sign of the observed CRF anomalies at Barrow and suggest that the anomalies occur over a large region of the central Arctic Ocean, which supports the link between radiative processes observed at Barrow and the broader arctic sea ice extent.
Interaction between the Tidal and Seasonal Variability of the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf Region
Authors: Katavouta Anna , Thompson Keith R. , Lu Youyu , Loder John W.
Published: June 2016

As part of a broader study of ocean downscaling, the seasonal and tidal variability of the Gulf of Maine and Scotian shelf, and their dynamical interaction, are investigated using a high-resolution (1/36°) circulation model. The model’s seasonal hydrography and circulation, and its tidal elevations and currents, are compared with an observed seasonal climatology, local observations, and results from previous studies. Numerical experiments with and without density stratification demonstrate the influence of stratification on the tides. The model is then used to interpret the physical mechanisms responsible for the largest seasonal variations in the M2 surface current that occur over, and to the north of, Georges Bank. The model generates a striation pattern of alternating highs and lows, aligned with Georges Bank, in the M2 surface summer maximum speed in the Gulf of Maine. The striations are consistent with observations by a high-frequency coastal radar system and can be explained in terms of a linear superposition of the barotropic tide and the first-mode baroclinic tide, generated on the north side of Georges Bank, as it propagates into the Gulf of Maine. The seasonal changes in tidal currents in the well-mixed area on Georges Bank are due to a combination of increased sea level gradients, and lower vertical viscosity, in summer.
F-O-R-T
Authors: Tillotson Michael
Published: June 2016

In the 21st century, there still exists a wide degree of misunderstanding concerning the discipline of Africana Studies. The continued lack of information regarding the different schools of thought and clear markers of the differences is problematic on many levels. This work seeks to bring clarity to the questions surrounding the epistemological and methodological locations and to introduce a conceptual metric that speaks to the African-centered school of thought specifically.
An experimental technique to characterize interply void formation in unidirectional prepregs
Authors: Helmus Rhena , Kratz James , Potter Kevin , Hubert Pascal , Hinterhölzl Roland
Published: June 2016

Out-of-autoclave prepreg processing requires evacuation of volatiles in the early stages of processing to achieve an acceptable final void content. In this study, single prepreg plies were laid-up onto a glass tool to simulate a ply–ply interface, to gain an understanding of initial air entrapment and eventual removal mechanisms. The contact was recorded during processing with various edge breathing configurations to identify the relationship between evacuation pathways and contact evolution. The existence of preferential flow channels along the fibre direction of the material was demonstrated by characterizing the prepreg surface. Gas evacuation in those channels prevented contact during an extended ambient temperature vacuum hold. The contact between the prepreg and glass tool equilibrated around 80% during the ambient vacuum hold, and reached full contact at elevated temperature after a brief loss in contact due to moisture vaporization, when the resin pressure decreased to below the water vapour pressure.
Development of plug-ins to predict effective thermal conductivity of woven and microencapsulated phase change composite
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Owais Raza , Sun Danmei
Published: June 2016

The thermal property of textile structures plays an important role in the understanding of thermal behaviour of the clothing. In this work, user-friendly GUI plug-ins have been developed to generate both microscopic and mesoscopic scale models for finite element analysis. The plug-ins were developed by using Abaqus/CAE as a platform. The GUI Plug-ins enable automatic model generation and prediction of the effective thermal conductivity of woven composite and microencapsulated Phase Change Materials composites via finite element analysis by applying boundary conditions. The predicted effective thermal conductivities from plug-ins have been compared with the results obtained from published experimental research work based on an established mathematical model. They are correlated well. Moreover, the influence of phase change materials on heat transfer behaviour of microencapsulated Phase Change Materials composites was further analysed.
Revolutionary Leaders and Mass Killing
Authors: Kim Nam Kyu
Published: June 2016

This article argues that revolutionary leaders are more willing to commit mass killing than nonrevolutionary leaders. Revolutionary leaders are more ideologically committed to transforming society, more risk tolerant, and more likely to view the use of violence as appropriate and effective. Furthermore, such leaders tend to command highly disciplined and loyal organizations, built in the course of revolutionary struggles, that can perpetrate mass killing. This study uses time series cross-sectional data from 1955 to 2004 to demonstrate that revolutionary leaders are more likely to initiate genocide or politicide than nonrevolutionary leaders. The violent behaviors of revolutionary leaders are not limited to the immediate postrevolutionary years but also occur later in their tenure. This demonstrates that the association of revolutionary leaders and mass killing is not simply indicative of postrevolutionary instability. This article also provides evidence for the importance of exclusionary ideologies in motivating revolutionary leaders to inflict massive violence.
Filipino Domestic Workers and Their Capacity Development
Authors: Loh Jennifer , Estrellado Alicia F.
Published: June 2016

This study explored the day-to-day experiences of female Filipino domestic workers in Singapore, including their working conditions, employee–employer relationships, and psychological health. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 women. Using grounded theory, the emergent themes revealed high levels of variation, both within and between women, suggesting that the quality of domestic workers’ lives depends largely on the personal characteristics of their employers or the workers themselves, rather than on any system of protection. More importantly, participants displayed positive and resilient coping strategies which enabled them to thrive despite restrictive circumstances. Implications pertaining to capabilities and empowerment development were discussed.
Surgical and psychiatric profile of patients who self-harm by burning in a regional burn unit over an 11-year period
Authors: Conlin Samantha , Littlechild Joseph , Aditya Hosakere , Bahia Hilal
Published: June 2016

Introduction

Patients admitted to hospital for deliberate self-harm by burning (DSHB) provide a challenge for medical, surgical and psychological management. We retrospectively reviewed all the patients admitted to a Scottish regional burn unit with DSHB over an 11-year period to assess demographics and outcome.

Methods

Ward admission data were used to identify DSHB patients admitted to the South East Scotland regional burn unit in Livingston, UK between 2002 and 2012, as well as a control group of accidental burn patients. Data were extracted concerning burn injury, psychiatric history and inpatient management.

Results

A total of 53 DSHB patients with 58 attendances over the 11-year period were compared to 49 accidental burns patients. Compared to controls, DSHB patients were more likely to be unemployed, live alone and have a previous psychiatric diagnosis ( p < 0.01). DSHB patients had more severe burns, a longer hospital stay and were more likely to undergo surgery ( p < 0.01). DSHB patients with previous self-harm, suicide attempts and diagnoses of personality and eating disorder all had significantly less severe burns than DSHB patients without these risk factors ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions

In our experience, DSHB patients have more severe burn injuries and require longer, resource-intensive hospital stays. Burn units should have an appropriate specialist psychologist/psychiatrist who works within the Burn multi-disciplinary team to help manage this complex group of patients’ healthcare needs and reduce their risk of further self-harm.
The Playwright Within: Fun, Freedom, and Agency Through Playwriting for Urban Elementary Students
Authors: View Jenice L. , Hanley Mary Stone
Published: June 2016

The participants in this study are 9-year-olds who demonstrate signs of incipient alienation. Even with an experienced teacher who had a positive relationship with her students, some students describe school as boring. The arts may provide a path away from alienation when learning is embedded in the students’ cultural knowledge and when the artistic process is primary. Our research question was, “What do students learn when engaged in a playwriting experience in school?” The evidence suggests that students discovered fun, freedom, and a sense of agency with language arts as a result of their participation in the program.
The acquisition of quantity contrasts in Guina-ang Bontok
Authors: Aoyama Katsura , Reid Lawrence A.
Published: June 2016

This study reports on the acquisition of quantity contrasts in Guina-ang Bontok, an indigenous language spoken in the Philippines. Four-year-old and 5-year-old children’s perception and production of quantity contrasts were examined using a pair of names that contrast in the quantity of the medial nasal. Frequencies of the quantity contrast were also calculated using stories in Guina-ang Bontok. The results indicated that even though the overall frequency of geminate consonants was very low in Guina-ang Bontok, children clearly differentiated the single and geminate nasals in both perception and production. Guina-ang Bontok children’s perception and production data resembled those of Finnish children although the frequency of the geminates was much lower in Guina-ang Bontok than in Finnish. Possible explanations for this are provided.
An empirical test of an Antecedents – Privacy Concerns – Outcomes model
Authors: Benamati John H. , Ozdemir Zafer D. , Smith H. Jeff
Published: June 2016

This study extends privacy concerns research by providing a test of a model inspired by the ‘Antecedents – Privacy Concerns – Outcomes’ (APCO) framework. Focusing at the individual level of analysis, the study examines the influences of privacy awareness (PA) and demographic variables (age, gender) on concern for information privacy (CFIP). It also considers CFIP’s relationship to privacy-protecting behaviours and incorporates trust and risk into the model. These relationships are tested in a specific, Facebook-related context. Results strongly support the overall model. PA and gender are important explanators for CFIP, which in turn explains privacy-protecting behaviours. We also find that perceived risk affects trust, which in turn affects behaviours in the studied context. The results yield several recommendations for future research as well as some implications for management.
Parathyroid 4D‐CT
Authors: Hoang Jenny K. , Williams Katherine , Gaillard Frank , Dixon Andrew , Sosa Julie A.
Published: June 2016

Four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D‐CT) is a new modality for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas. We performed a survey study to describe the role and trends in the utilization of 4D‐CT. Of 361 radiologists, 200 (55%) reported that 4D‐CT was used in their practices. Nineteen (10%) used 4D‐CT as the first‐line imaging study; 155 (76%) reported that 4D‐CT played a secondary role; and 26 (13%) reported that it is performed routinely in combination with ultrasound and scintigraphy. Early adopters of 4D‐CT (use for >3 years) were 3 times more likely to use 4D‐CT in a first‐line role (18%) when compared with radiologists who used 4D‐CT for ≤3 years (6%; P <. 05). In conclusion, more than half of radiologists perform 4D‐CT, and a majority reported that 4D‐CT plays a secondary role. However, this role may change, as utilization is increasing and radiologists may follow early adopters, who are more likely to use it as a first‐line study.
Use of Lean and CAHPS Surgical Care Survey to Improve Patients’ Experiences with Surgical Care
Authors: Jiang Nancy , Malkin Benjamin D.
Published: June 2016

Objectives

(1) Measure patients’ experiences with surgical care using the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Surgical Care Survey. (2) Use lean thinking to analyze and improve quality of patient care.

Study Design

A prospective quality improvement study.

Setting

Hospital‐based otolaryngology clinic.

Subjects and Methods

The CAHPS Surgical Care Survey was distributed to 17 surgical patients to determine their perception of the current state of care. Survey results were analyzed with lean thinking, and changes were made to improve critical areas. A second set of surveys was distributed to 10 patients to assess the success of the interventions immediately and 2 months later. The data were analyzed with the Mann‐Whitney U test.

Results

Seventeen patients completed the CAHPS Surgical Care Survey to determine the initial state. A3 Thinking was used to analyze the results and design an improvement. Overall positive patient experience was 57% at the postoperative visit with 3 key aspects of care: time spent during visit, encouragement to ask questions, show of respect to the patient. Two causes were postulated; then, solution approaches were developed and tested in a series of rapid experiments. Two groups of 10 patients completed the CAHPS Surgical Care Survey to determine the postintervention state. Overall positive patient experience significantly improved to 93% (U = 474, P <. 001) and 83% (U = 546, P =. 009) immediately and 2 months later, respectively.

Conclusion

Lean thinking helps to eliminate defects by breaking down complex problem solving into a scientific process. When combined with the CAHPS Surgical Care Survey, it can be successfully used to improve patients’ surgical experiences.
Early predictors of a clinical response at 8 weeks in patients with first-episode psychosis treated with paliperidone ER
Authors: Chung Young-Chul , Cui Yin , Kim Min-Gul , Kim Yun-Jeong , Lee Keon-Hak , Chae Soo-Wan
Published: June 2016

Identification of early clinical markers that predict later treatment outcomes in first-episode psychosis is highly valuable. The present study was conducted to determine the best time at which to predict the late treatment response in first-episode psychosis patients treated with paliperidone extended release (ER), the factors predicting early treatment responses (at Week 2 and Week 3) and the relationships between the paliperidone ER plasma concentrations at Week 2 and Week 3, and the treatment responses at Week 2, Week 3 and Week 8. Various criteria for assessing treatment response were employed. We determined the plasma paliperidone concentrations at Week 2 and Week 3, using validated high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The treatment response at Week 3 optimally predicted the later (Week 8) response, in terms of negative predictive value (NPV). Independent predictors for good treatment responses at Week 2 and Week 3 were: Female gender, a higher educational level, a higher Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) excited score, and/or a shorter duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). The plasma paliperidone concentration at Week 3, but not Week 2, was a significant predictor of the late treatment response at Week 8. These results may help appropriate clinical decision-making for early non-responders after having their first episode of psychosis.
The continuum of spreading depolarizations in acute cortical lesion development: Examining Leão’s legacy
Authors: Hartings Jed A , Shuttleworth C William , Kirov Sergei A , Ayata Cenk , Hinzman Jason M , Foreman Brandon , Andrew R David , Boutelle Martyn G , Brennan KC , Carlson Andrew P , Dahlem Markus A , Drenckhahn Christoph , Dohmen Christian , Fabricius Martin , Farkas Eszter , Feuerstein Delphine , Graf Rudolf , Helbok Raimund , Lauritzen Martin , Major Sebastian , Oliveira-Ferreira Ana I , Richter Frank , Rosenthal Eric S , Sakowitz Oliver W , Sánchez-Porras Renán , Santos Edgar , Schöll Michael , Strong Anthony J , Urbach Anja , Westover M Brandon , Winkler Maren KL , Witte Otto W , Woitzik Johannes , Dreier Jens P
Published: June 2016

A modern understanding of how cerebral cortical lesions develop after acute brain injury is based on Aristides Leão’s historic discoveries of spreading depression and asphyxial/anoxic depolarization. Treated as separate entities for decades, we now appreciate that these events define a continuum of spreading mass depolarizations, a concept that is central to understanding their pathologic effects. Within minutes of acute severe ischemia, the onset of persistent depolarization triggers the breakdown of ion homeostasis and development of cytotoxic edema. These persistent changes are diagnosed as diffusion restriction in magnetic resonance imaging and define the ischemic core. In delayed lesion growth, transient spreading depolarizations arise spontaneously in the ischemic penumbra and induce further persistent depolarization and excitotoxic damage, progressively expanding the ischemic core. The causal role of these waves in lesion development has been proven by real-time monitoring of electrophysiology, blood flow, and cytotoxic edema. The spreading depolarization continuum further applies to other models of acute cortical lesions, suggesting that it is a universal principle of cortical lesion development. These pathophysiologic concepts establish a working hypothesis for translation to human disease, where complex patterns of depolarizations are observed in acute brain injury and appear to mediate and signal ongoing secondary damage.
Differential subnetwork of chemokines/cytokines in human, mouse, and rat brain cells after oxygen–glucose deprivation
Authors: Du Yang , Deng Wenjun , Wang Zixing , Ning MingMing , Zhang Wei , Zhou Yiming , Lo Eng H , Xing Changhong
Published: June 2016

Mice and rats are the most commonly used animals for preclinical stroke studies, but it is unclear whether targets and mechanisms are always the same across different species. Here, we mapped the baseline expression of a chemokine/cytokine subnetwork and compared responses after oxygen–glucose deprivation in primary neurons, astrocytes, and microglia from mouse, rat, and human. Baseline profiles of chemokines (CX3CL1, CXCL12, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL10) and cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα) showed significant differences between human and rodents. The response of chemokines/cytokines to oxygen–glucose deprivation was also significantly different between species. After 4 h oxygen–glucose deprivation and 4 h reoxygenation, human and rat neurons showed similar changes with a downregulation in many chemokines, whereas mouse neurons showed a mixed response with up- and down-regulated genes. For astrocytes, subnetwork response patterns were more similar in rats and mice compared to humans. For microglia, rat cells showed an upregulation in all chemokines/cytokines, mouse cells had many down-regulated genes, and human cells showed a mixed response with up- and down-regulated genes. This study provides proof-of-concept that species differences exist in chemokine/cytokine subnetworks in brain cells that may be relevant to stroke pathophysiology. Further investigation of differential gene pathways across species is warranted.
Sorting Through the Determinants of Local Government Competition
Authors: Overton Michael
Published: June 2016

Competition among local governments for business investment and residents is a key feature of metropolitan governance scholarship. Despite the excellent work exploring interjurisdictional competition, the conceptualization and operationalization of competition still lack the necessary complexity to fully capture the determinants of competition. In reality, the degree of competition between local governments is a multidimensional concept. How do the different dimensions of competition impact a city’s own-source revenue yield? Using a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to analyze a sample of 2,299 U.S. cities, this study finds that household income differentiation and manufacturing differentiation are important in a city’s revenue yield, and both types of differentiation limit head-to-head competition among local governments. In addition, the results indicate that entry barriers and collaboration affect a city’s revenue yields, while the number of cities in a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) does not influence those collections.
Complementary Feeding Diets Made of Local Foods Can Be Optimized, but Additional Interventions Will Be Needed to Meet Iron and Zinc Requirements in 6- to 23-Month-Old Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Osendarp Saskia J. M. , Broersen Britt , van Liere Marti J. , De-Regil Luz M. , Bahirathan Lavannya , Klassen Eva , Neufeld Lynnette M.
Published: June 2016

Background:

The question whether diets composed of local foods can meet recommended nutrient intakes in children aged 6 to 23 months living in low- and middle-income countries is contested.

Objective:

To review evidence of studies evaluating whether (1) macro- and micronutrient requirements of children aged 6 to 23 months from low- and middle-income countries are met by the consumption of locally available foods (“observed intake”) and (2) nutrient requirements can be met when the use of local foods is optimized, using modeling techniques (“modeled intake”).

Methods:

Twenty-three articles were included after conducting a systematic literature search. To allow for comparisons between studies, findings of 15 observed intake studies were compared against their contribution to a standardized recommended nutrient intake from complementary foods. For studies with data on intake distribution, %< estimated average requirements were calculated.

Results:

Data from the observed intake studies indicate that children aged 6 to 23 months meet requirements of protein, while diets are inadequate in calcium, iron, and zinc. Also for energy, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, and vitamin C, children did not always fulfill their requirements. Very few studies reported on vitamin B6, B12, and magnesium, and no conclusions can be drawn for these nutrients. When diets are optimized using modeling techniques, most of these nutrient requirements can be met, with the exception of iron and zinc and in some settings calcium, folate, and B vitamins.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that optimizing the use of local foods in diets of children aged 6 to 23 months can improve nutrient intakes; however, additional cost-effective strategies are needed to ensure adequate intakes of iron and zinc.
Measuring Adolescent Flourishing: Psychometric Properties of Flourishing Scale in a Sample of Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Duan Wenjie , Xie Dan
Published: June 2016

The Flourishing Scale (FS) is a brief eight-item inventory used to measure psychological well-being. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the FS in a sample of 766 Chinese adolescents. The paper-and-pencil method was adopted. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factor structure of the FS items. Expanded Satisfaction With Life Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to examine the criterion-related and incremental validities. Results showed good internal consistency reliability, one-factor structure, strong convergent validity, and incremental validity of the FS in the current sample. We can conclude that the FS is suitable for use in the Chinese adolescent context.
Experimental study of burning rate in large-scale rectangular pool fire
Authors: Jiang Chunming , Li Yuntao , Huang Hong , Zhao Jinlong , Wang Zheng , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: June 2016

Rectangular pool fires are common in the liquid fuel storage and transportation industries, but the existing burning rate correlations are largely focused on circular pool fires. Through experimental means, this work measured the steady mass burning rates of both n-heptane and gasoline fires in large-scale rectangular pools with aspect ratios ranging from 0.5 to 4.0. The effects of pool width and aspect ratio on the mass burning rate were investigated. A modified model was developed to estimate the mass burning rate in a rectangular pool fire as a function of the pool width and the aspect ratio. Correlations for n-heptane and gasoline burning rates were proposed based on the experimental results. The comparisons between the presented correlations and the existed circular burning rate correlations were analyzed accordingly.
Medical Comorbidity of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in US Adolescents
Authors: Jameson Nicole D. , Sheppard Brooke K. , Lateef Tarannum M. , Vande Voort Jennifer L. , He Jian-Ping , Merikangas Kathleen Ries
Published: June 2016

Understanding patterns of medical comorbidity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may lead to better treatment of affected individuals as well as aid in etiologic study of disease. This article provides the first systematic evaluation on the medical comorbidity of ADHD in a nationally representative sample (National Comorbidity Replication Survey–Adolescent Supplement; N = 6483) using formal diagnostic criteria. Survey-weighted odds ratios adjusted for demographics, additional medical, and mental disorders were calculated for associations between ADHD and medical conditions. Models adjusted for demographics revealed significantly increased odds of allergy, asthma, enuresis, headache/migraine, and serious stomach or bowel problems. After adjusting for comorbidity, across the medical conditions, enuresis and serious stomach problems were the strongest correlates of ADHD. These findings confirm the pervasive medical comorbidity of ADHD reported in previous clinical and community-based studies. The intriguing salience of enuresis and serious stomach or bowel conditions may also provide an important clue to multisystem involvement in ADHD.
The performance of bone tissue engineering scaffolds in in vivo animal models: A systematic review
Authors: de Misquita Marcos Ricardo Dantas Oliveira Ferraz , Bentini Ricardo , Goncalves Flavia
Published: June 2016

Bone tissue engineering is an excellent alternative for the regeneration of large bone defects caused by trauma or bone pathologies. Scaffolds, stem cells, and bioactive molecules are the three key components of bone regeneration. Although a wide range of biomaterials of various compositions and structures has been proposed in the literature, these materials are rarely used in clinical applications. Therefore, more standardized studies are required to design scaffolds that enable better bone regeneration and are suitable for clinical use. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the performance of scaffolds used in preclinical animal studies to determine which class of materials has achieved a higher rate of bone neoformation (osteoinduction and osteoconduction). The selected studies were divided into three groups according to the following experimental models: studies that used subcutaneous models, bone defects in calvaria, and bone defects in long bones. Despite the large number of parameters in the included studies, we generally concluded that biomaterials containing calcium phosphates had important osteoinductive effects and were essential for better performance of the materials. Furthermore, natural polymers generally had better performance than synthetic polymers did, especially when the materials were associated with stem cells. The combination of materials from different classes was the most promising strategy for bone tissue regeneration.