bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Nurse-led Yoga Intervention on Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Pilot Study
Authors: Saritha G , David Anita , Stalin P , Scott J Julius Xavier
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Obesity in children has been on the rise globally, and India is no exception. Rapid urbanisation, changing dietary patterns, and sedentary lifestyles are contributing factors to this alarming trend. Understanding the prevalence and factors associated with childhood obesity in urban areas is crucial for developing targeted interventions and public health strategies. Aim: To investigate the effects of a nurse-led yoga intervention on body composition and biochemical parameters in overweight and obese adolescents (11-13 years) in schools. Materials and Methods: This pilot randomised controlled study used a true experimental study design, specifically the pretest and post-test control group design. Data collection was conducted in schools of Puducherry. A total of 18 overweight and obese adolescents, nine in the experimental group and nine in the control group, were included. The experimental group performed a nurse-led yoga intervention three times a week for 60 minutes for six months from March 2022 to August 2022. Study outcomes on body composition and biochemical parameters such as lipid profile, adiponectin, leptin, Apolipoprotein A, and Apolipoprotein B were measured at baseline and six months after the nurse-led yoga intervention. Data analysis was performed using Social Sciences Software {Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0}. Both descriptive and inferential statistical tests, such as the one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) F-test, repeated measures ANOVA F-test, and paired t-test, were conducted. Results: A significant difference was noted in fat percentage, water, intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, and body fat mass index between the pretest and post-test (p<0.05), and no significant difference was observed in Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and fat-free mass index (p>0.05) in the experimental group. The nurse-led yoga intervention significantly improved Lowdensity Lipoproteins (LDL), Apolipoprotein A, and adiponectin levels; however, there were no significant differences in Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, High-density Lipoproteins (HDL), Apolipoprotein B, or LDL in the experimental group. The control group showed no significant difference between the pretest and post-test in FBS, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Apolipoprotein A, or Apolipoprotein B (p>0.05). Conclusion: The nurse-led yoga intervention positively impacted body composition and biochemical indicators in overweight and obese adolescents.
Cytomegalovirus Colitis and Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Case of Unusual Co-existence
Authors: Javalgi Anita Pandit , Advani Sonali Tulsi , Athanikar Vidisha S
Published: July 2024

The possible association of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) with human colorectal adenocarcinomas was first reported in 1978 by Huang and Roche, who detected CMV DNA in 4 of 7 colonic adenocarcinomas by membrane complementary Ribonucleic AcidDeoxyribonucleic Acid (RNA-DNA) hybridisation. CMV earns its name from the characteristic cytomegalic appearance of intranuclear inclusions in infected cells, which include endothelial cells, histiocytes, macrophages, and epithelial cells. The most common site of CMV infection in the gastrointestinal tract is the colon (55%), followed by the sigmoid colon and rectum (35%) and the gastric antrum (25%). Here, a middle-aged female presenting with pain in the lower abdomen, which was insidious in onset and gradually progressive. Ultrasonography revealed a large intestine dilated and filled with multiple air-fluid levels, indicating bowel obstruction. Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) showed circumferential wall thickening involving the distal half of the transverse colon and descending colon. The case was subjected to laparotomy. The resected segment of the colon was sent for histopathological evaluation, and microscopic examination showed adenocarcinoma and many mucosal ulcers, which on keen observation revealed viral inclusions. The diagnosis of colon adenocarcinoma, with a pathological staging of pT2N0Mx with CMV infection, was rendered. CMV infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The patient was on post-surgery chemotherapy and receiving ganciclovir. On follow-up, the patient was recovering fine. Histopathology examination and IHC remain the gold standard in diagnosing CMV, and the concurrent occurrence of colitis and carcinoma should be kept in mind to assist in proper management.
Correlation of Serum Calcium with Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gulajkar Supriya Rameshrao , Gadhiya Bina Manoj , Panchbudhe Sanjyoti Ankur , Shivkar Rajni Rajendra
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of symptoms following impaired glucose tolerance, adiposity, abnormal lipid profiles and hypertension. Metabolic syndrome may serve as a precursor for type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it should be considered when interpreting calcium levels, as calcium is inexpensive, readily available and can also serve as a predictor for diabetic and cardiovascular risks. Aim: To investigate the correlation of serum calcium with components of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and General Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, from January 2016 to March 2016. A total of 80 patients were divided into two groups: subjects with metabolic syndrome (group I) and subjects without metabolic syndrome (group II). Data including age and components of metabolic syndrome such as Body Mass Index (BMI), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Waist Circumference (WC) and various biochemical parameters {plasma glucose, calcium, albumin, corrected calcium, total cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)}. were collected and compared between the two groups. The differences in the studied variables among the groups were analysed using an Unpaired t-test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the present study, group I consisted of 23 males and 17 females with the mean±Standard Deviation (SD) age 49.88±8.7 years and group II had 19 males and 21 females with mean age 47.5±7.60 years. There were no significant differences in age, gender and blood pressure, while BMI and WC were significantly higher in group I. Serum calcium, fasting plasma glucose levels, and lipid profiles were significantly higher in subjects with metabolic syndrome compared to those without metabolic syndrome. Additionally, serum corrected calcium levels showed a positive correlation with serum TG and fasting plasma glucose (r-value=0.4, p-value=0.008), and a negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (r-value=- 0.3, p-value=0.03). Conclusion: In the present study, serum total calcium was found to be positively associated with metabolic syndrome. Estimation of serum calcium can help predict the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases or diabetes mellitus, which are associated with the metabolic syndrome.
Estatus social y consecuencias sanitarias y socioeconómicas del coronavirus
Authors: Albert Juan Francisco ,   Universidad de Valencia, Gómez-Fernández Nerea ,   Universidad de Valencia
Published: July 2024

La pandemia de COVID-19 tuvo un impacto significativo en la población. Este estudio profundiza en las repercusiones en España, centrándose en las diferencias por estatus social. Utilizando encuestas del CIS (2020-2021), se estiman modelos logísticos para explorar vínculos entre estatus social, riesgo de infección, salud mental y preocupaciones económicas. Los resultados revelan que, si bien el estatus social no afecta a las tasas de infección, sí influye en la salud mental y en las preocupaciones económicas. Este estudio enriquece la comprensión de los efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 y sus impactos desiguales.
Anti-diabetic, Anti-cancer Potential and Anti HIV of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) Extract: A Mini Review
Authors: Rani Manjoo
Published: July 2024

Aims: To review the antidiabetic properties, pharmacological characteristics, and phytochemical research on Momordica Ccharantia (bitter gourd) and assess its potential as a therapeutic agent for diabetes and cancer prevention.
Study Design: Review of existing literature and research studies, including pre-clinical trials and animal and in vitro studies.
Methodology: Analysis of traditional uses, pharmacological data, and phytochemical research on M. Charantia. Evaluation of anti-diabetic and anti-HIV properties based on available studies.
Results:

Charantia has shown anti-diabetic and hypoglycemic effects in pre-clinical studies.
Limited and unreliable clinical data due to poor research design and inadequate statistical power.
Recent studies indicate potential anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, and anti-HIV properties.
Plant extract components have demonstrated effectiveness in cancer prevention through immune function enhancement, induction of cell death, and inhibition of cancer-related processes.

Conclusion: M. Charantia holds promise as a therapeutic agent for diabetes management and cancer prevention. However, there is a need for better-designed clinical trials to confirm its efficacy and establish reliable clinical evidence.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation via CH/NH Functionalization: Access to Substituted Pyrroles
Authors: Peng Shiyong , Wang Lei , Huang Jiayao , Sun Shaofa , Guo Haibing , Wang Jian
Published: September 2013

Pyrroles, ubiquitous bioactive heterocycles in nature, are readily prepared via a palladium‐catalyzed oxidative annulation of cyclic trans‐enamines to various internal alkynes in the absence of a directing group.

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Contact mechanics and tribology of polymer composites
Authors: Myshkin Nikolai , Kovalev Alexander , Spaltman Dirk , Woydt Mathias
Published: September 2013

We review contact mechanics with emphasis on the rheological (time dependent) properties of polymers and their relations to surface roughness, material properties, and friction as well as wear behavior of rubbing polymer surfaces. The main concept of polymer mechanics related to tribology consists of three basic elements involved in friction: deformation resulting in the real area of contact of rough surfaces, contact adhesion, and shear and rupture of materials in the contact during the sliding friction. The results of classical work are included, which addresses the real contact area calculation and the description of adhesion interaction between rough surfaces. A brief review of experimental investigations concerning the surface characterization by means of bearing curves, the intermolecular force interaction using the adhesion parameter, the effect of temperature on the real contact area, the formation of transferred polymer film during friction, and tribological behavior of ultrathin polymer layers are presented and their implications discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39870.
Identification of optimum synthesis conditions for a novel anion exchange membrane by response surface methodology
Authors: Kikhavani Tavan , Ashrafizadeh Seyed Nezammeddin , Van der Bruggen Bart
Published: September 2013

The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for the optimization of the synthesis conditions of an anion exchange membrane. A novel chlorinated‐polypropylene heterogeneous anion exchange membrane was made via phase inversion. A nonionic surfactant was incorporated into the composition as an additive to enhance the membrane properties. The membrane performance was measured in terms of ion exchange capacity (IEC) and permselectivity. An experimental design was used to quantify the effects of variables including the ratio of resin/polymer, the ratio of additive/total solid, and the ratio of solvent/polymer, on IEC and permselectivity. For each function, a quadratic model was developed to correlate the relationship between variables and the response. The results demonstrated the accuracy of the two models. The anion exchange membrane with the best combination of a high IEC and high permselectivity was synthesized with a solvent/polymer ratio of 18.63 (v/w), resin/polymer ratio of 1 (w/w), and additive/total solid ratio of 0.02 (w/w). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39888.
One‐Step Room‐Temperature Synthesis of [Al]MCM‐41 Materials for the Catalytic Conversion of Phenylglyoxal to Ethylmandelate
Authors: Wang Zichun , Jiang Yijiao , Rachwalik Rafal , Liu Zhongwen , Shi Jeffrey , Hunger Michael , Huang Jun
Published: September 2013

Mesoporous [Al]MCM‐41 materials with nSi/nAl ratios of 15 to 50 suitable for the direct catalytic conversion of phenylglyoxal to ethylmandelate have been successfully synthesized at room temperature within 1 h. The surface areas and pore sizes of the obtained [Al]MCM‐41 materials are in the ranges of 1005–1246 m2 g−1 and 3.44–3.99 nm, respectively, for the different nSi/nAl ratios. For all [Al]MCM‐41 catalysts, most of the Al species were tetrahedrally coordinated with Si in the next coordination sphere of atoms. 1H and 13C magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopic investigations indicated that the acid strength of the SiOH groups on these [Al]MCM‐41 catalysts and the density of these surface sites are enhanced with increasing Al content in the synthesis gels. These surface sites with enhanced acid strength were found to be catalytically active sites for phenylglyoxal conversion. The [Al]MCM‐41 material with nSi/nAl=15 showed the highest phenylglyoxal conversion (93.4 %) and selectivity to ethylmandelate (96.9 %), whereas the [Al]MCM‐41 material with nSi/nAl=50 reached the highest turnover frequency (TOF=99.3 h−1). This is a much better catalytic performance than that of a dealuminated zeolite Y (TOF=1.7 h−1) used as a reference catalyst, which is explained by lower reactant transport limitations in mesoporous materials than that in the microporous zeolite.
Population pharmacokinetics and safety of AZD1446, a neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist, administered in healthy volunteers
Authors: Boström Emma , Bohnstedt Kristina Claeson , Jostell Karl‐Gustav , Alverlind Sofie , Huledal Gunilla , Paulsson Björn , Hårdemark Hans‐Göran , Öhd John , Lindholm Sara
Published: September 2013

AZD1446 is a highly selective agonist of central α4β2 and α2β2 neuronal nicotinic receptors. The compound has been shown to improve cognition in preclinical studies and thus has potential for treatment of cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). This report presents the pharmacokinetics of AZD1446 based on a pooled population pharmacokinetic analysis of five studies in Caucasian and Japanese healthy volunteers. The model described the inter‐individual and inter‐occasion variability as well as identified the impact of covariates such as age and ethnicity on the parameters. Single doses of AZD1446 ranged between 0.5 and 350 mg and the multiple‐dose regimens ranged between 10 and 100 mg four times daily. The maximum duration was 4 weeks. AZD1446 exhibited modest variability in CL/F. Compared with Caucasian subjects, Japanese subjects had approximately 25% higher rate of absorption and higher renal clearance as well as volume of distribution, resulting in a similar half‐life. Compared with elderly subjects, young subjects had approximately 25% lower rate of absorption. Due to lower creatinine clearance, renal clearance was lower in elderly subjects. AZD1446 was safe and well tolerated, with nausea, headache and dizziness as the most frequently reported adverse events.
The influence of high‐resolution wind stress field on the power input to near‐inertial motions in the ocean
Authors: Rimac Antonija , von Storch Jin‐Song , Eden Carsten , Haak Helmuth
Published: September 2013

The wind power input to near‐inertial (NI) motions is studied using a global eddy‐permitting ocean general circulation model. The model is forced by high‐ (1‐hourly, at 0.35° resolution) and low‐resolution (6‐hourly, at 1.875° resolution) wind data. A change from low‐ to high‐resolution forcing results in an increase in NI kinetic energy by a factor three and raises the wind‐generated power input to NI motions from 0.3 TW to 1.1 TW. Time and space filtering of the wind fields yield less kinetic energy, with a larger drop from time filtering. This strong sensitivity to wind forcing points to a possible underestimation of the wind‐generated energy available for deep ocean mixing in previous studies based on low‐resolution winds.
Understanding nonlinear tropical precipitation responses to CO2 forcing
Authors: Chadwick Robin , Good Peter
Published: September 2013

Using a traceable framework of idealized General Circulation Model experiments, a nonlinear dependence of tropical precipitation pattern change on CO2 forcing is identified. These nonlinearities are relatively large and widespread throughout the tropics and so should not be neglected in projections of future precipitation change. This has implications for the use of pattern scaling and simple climate models to produce precipitation projections and for physical understanding of precipitation change across forcing scenarios. The nonlinearities can be understood by considering that processes which cause precipitation change, such as increasing moisture, a weakening circulation, and convergence zone shifts, interact in a nonlinear manner even when individual processes are quasi‐linear. Three driver interactions are identified: “warm‐shift”, “warm‐weak”, and “shift‐weak”. Combined with Clausius‐Clapeyron nonlinearity in moisture increase, these interactions drive the nonlinear pattern change. A strong convergence feedback response substantially amplifies the nonlinearity. This analysis is limited to ocean regions, as mechanisms are simpler than over land.
Hadamard Matrices Modulo 5
Authors: Lee Moon Ho , Szöllősi Ferenc
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we introduce modular symmetric designs and use them to study the existence of Hadamard matrices modulo 5. We prove that there exist 5‐modular Hadamard matrices of order n if and only if or . In particular, this solves the 5‐modular version of the Hadamard conjecture.
Minimal cooling rate dependence of ice nuclei activity in the immersion mode
Authors: Wright Timothy P. , Petters Markus D. , Hader John D. , Morton Travis , Holder Amara L.
Published: September 2013

We present new measurements of the time dependence of the ice‐nucleating ability of a wide range of materials including the minerals montmorillonite and kaolinite, the biological proxy ice nuclei Icemax, and flame soot generated from the incomplete combustion of ethylene gas. We also present time dependence for ambient ice nuclei collected from rainwater samples. Our data show that the time dependence for all materials studied here is weak, suggesting that the modified singular approximation is valid over the range of times and temperatures encountered for mixed phase clouds.
Comparison of loading rate‐dependent injury modes in a murine model of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Lockwood Kevin A. , Chu Bryce T. , Anderson Matthew J. , Haudenschild Dominik R. , Christiansen Blaine A.
Published: September 2013

Post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a common long‐term consequence of joint injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. In this study we used a tibial compression overload mouse model to compare knee injury induced at low speed (1 mm/s), which creates an avulsion fracture, to injury induced at high speed (500 mm/s), which induces midsubstance tear of the ACL. Mice were sacrificed at 0 days, 10 days, 12 weeks, or 16 weeks post‐injury, and joints were analyzed with micro‐computed tomography, whole joint histology, and biomechanical laxity testing. Knee injury with both injury modes caused considerable trabecular bone loss by 10 days post‐injury, with the Low Speed Injury group (avulsion) exhibiting a greater amount of bone loss than the High Speed Injury group (midsubstance tear). Immediately after injury, both injury modes resulted in greater than twofold increases in total AP joint laxity relative to control knees. By 12 and 16 weeks post‐injury, total AP laxity was restored to uninjured control values, possibly due to knee stabilization via osteophyte formation. This model presents an opportunity to explore fundamental questions regarding the role of bone turnover in PTOA, and the findings of this study support a biomechanical mechanism of osteophyte formation following injury. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:79–88, 2014.
Efficient Cellulose Solvent: Quaternary Ammonium Chlorides
Authors: Kostag Marc , Liebert Tim , El Seoud Omar A. , Heinze Thomas
Published: September 2013

Pure quaternary tetraalkylammonium chlorides with one long alkyl chain dissolved in various organic solvents constitute a new class of cellulose solvents. The electrolytes are prepared in high yields and purity by Menshutkin quaternization, an inexpensive and easy synthesis route. The pure molten tetraalkylammonium chlorides dissolve up to 15 wt% of cellulose. Cosolvents, including N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA), may be added in large excess, leading to a system of decreased viscosity. Contrary to the well‐established solvent DMA/LiCl, cellulose dissolves in DMA/quaternary ammonium chlorides without any pretreatment. Thus, the use of the new solvent avoids some disadvantages of DMA/LiCl and ionic liquids, the most extensively employed solvents for homogeneous cellulose chemistry.

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Triazole‐Containing Hydrogels for Time‐Dependent Sustained Drug Release
Authors: Mishra Vivek , Jung Seo‐Hyun , Park Jong Mok , Jeong Han Mo , Lee Hyung‐il
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this study is to develop novel triazole‐containing hydrogels (TGs) as drug carrier and to investigate the sustained drug release accomplished by their time‐dependent swelling behavior. The synthetic pathway of TGs includes: (1) DCC‐coupling on hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to prepare HEMA‐alkyne (HA), (2) click‐coupling to prepare a triazole‐ring‐containing monomer (TM), and (3) the synthesis of a series of TGs. The aggregation between triazole rings is found to be responsible for drug release controllability. Rhodamine 6G is studied as a model anticancer drug for release experiments. The effects of pH and temperature on the properties of sustained drug release are also studied.

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Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol activate GPER/ GPR30‐dependent pathways leading to apoptosis of ER‐negative SKBR3 breast cancer cells
Authors: Chimento Adele , Casaburi Ivan , Rosano Camillo , Avena Paola , De Luca Arianna , Campana Carmela , Martire Emilia , Santolla Maria Francesca , Maggiolini Marcello , Pezzi Vincenzo , Sirianni Rosa
Published: September 2013

Scope

We have previously demonstrated that oleuropein (OL) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) reduce 17β‐estradiol‐mediated proliferation in MCF‐7 breast cancer (BC) cells without affecting the classical genomic action of estrogen receptor (ER), but activating instead the ERK1/2 pathway. Here, we hypothesized that this inhibition could be mediated by a G‐protein‐coupled receptor named GPER/GPR30. Using the ER‐negative and GPER‐positive SKBR3 BC cells as experimental model, we investigated the effects of OL and HT on GPER‐mediated activation of downstream pathways.

Methods and results

Docking simulations and ligand‐binding studies evidenced that OL and HT are able to bind GPER. MTT cell proliferation assays revealed that both phenols reduced SKBR3 cell growth; this effect was abolished silencing GPER. Focusing on OL and HT GPER‐mediated pathways, using Western blot analysis we showed a sustained ERK1/2 activation triggering an intrinsic apoptotic pathway.

Conclusion

Showing that OL and HT work as GPER inverse agonists in ER‐negative and GPER‐positive SKBR3 BC cells, we provide novel insights into the potential of these two molecules as tools in the therapy of this subtype of BC.
Lithiumionenakkus für den Chemieunterricht
Authors: Hasselmann Martin , Quarthal Dominik , Klaus Maximilian , Wagner Corinna , Mößner Bernd , Oetken Marco
Published: September 2013

Es ist eine der Aufgaben des naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts, Schülern Techniken nahezubringen, die im Alltag eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Ein Beispiel sind moderne elektrochemische Speichermedien.
Qualitätssicherung für Mykotoxinanalytik: Referenzmaterialien
Authors: Koch Matthias , Köppen Robert
Published: September 2013

In den letzten Jahren hat die Europäische Union neue Grenzwerte für Schimmelpilzgifte in Lebensmitteln festgelegt, weitere werden diskutiert. Parallel dazu sind neue Referenzmaterialien erforderlich.
Diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bansal Sandeep , Walker Rodney , Walker Zuzana
Published: September 2013

An accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease warrants symptomatic treatment with an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor or, in more severe disease, memantine. Here, the authors discuss the properties of the available treatment options.
Stable angina: current guidelines and advances in management
Authors: Shah Anoop , Fox Keith
Published: September 2013

Our Drug Review discusses the current recommended management of stable angina, focussing on secondary prevention and the control of symptoms, followed by sources of further information and an analysis of prescription data.
Electron–positron momentum densities in crystalline solids
Authors: Kontrym‐Sznajd Grażyna , Sormann Heinrich
Published: September 2013

The uniqueness of information contained in electron densities ρ(p) in the extended momentum space is pointed out, showing that certain electronic properties can be derived only from ρ(p), directly related to the electron Bloch wave functions. The influence of many‐body effects on the electron–positron (e–p) momentum density and of the crystal lattice periodicity on scattering effects is discussed. On the example of Mg it is illustrated that for simple metals there is a unique opportunity to estimate, for e–p densities, electron–electron correlation effects quantitatively.
MQBV: multicast quality of service swarm bee routing for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Bitam Salim , Mellouk Abdelhamid , Fowler Scott
Published: September 2013

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are witnessing in recent years a rapid development for road transmissions and are considered as one of the most important types of next generation networks, in which drivers can have access anywhere and anytime to information. However, vehicles have to deal with many challenges such as the links failures due to their frequent mobility as well as limited degrees of freedom in their mobility patterns. In this paper, we propose a new quality of service multicast and multipath routing protocol for VANETs, based on the paradigm of bee's communication, called multicast quality of service swarm bee routing for VANETs (MQBV). The MQBV finds and maintains robust routes between the source node and all multicast group members. Therefore, the average end‐to‐end delay and the normalized overhead load should be reduced, while at the same time increasing the average bandwidth and the packet delivery ratio. Extensive simulation results were obtained using ns‐2 simulator in a realistic VANET settings and demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed protocol. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of wind on the accuracy of externally attached, temperature‐sensitive radiotransmitters
Authors: Klug Brandon J. , Barclay Robert M. R.
Published: September 2013

Recording and interpreting thermoregulatory patterns is important in determining many aspects of animal ecology and behavior. Externally attached radiotransmitters are a relatively non‐invasive method to continuously monitor skin temperature as a proxy for core body temperature. However, the effects of ambient conditions, such as wind or rain, on the accuracy of externally attached radiotransmitters are often overlooked. We investigated the effect of wind speed on the accuracy of radiotransmitters. We found that the accuracy of radiotransmitter readings was correlated with wind speed, with higher wind speeds resulting in underestimations of skin temperature. These effects may result in misinterpretations of recorded data, and ultimately may lead to inaccuracies in describing behavior. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Marking power lines to reduce avian collisions near the Audubon National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota
Authors: Sporer Misti K. , Dwyer James F. , Gerber Brian D. , Harness Richard E. , Pandey Arun K.
Published: September 2013

Overhead power lines can pose collision risks to birds. Risks may be mitigated through marking lines with high‐visibility devices, but the effectiveness of line marking remains unclear. Effectiveness is particularly poorly described for lines bisecting open water, where detection of carcasses can be difficult. We marked 3 of 9 spans (lines between adjacent structures) along a causeway crossing open water and 2 adjacent spans over lake shores between Lake Sakakawea and Lake Audubon near Audubon National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota, USA. Over 3 years, we found 1,186 avian carcasses, including 276 attributed to power‐line collision. American coots (Fulica americana; n = 83) and double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus; n = 27) were the species most commonly associated with power‐line collision, but we also found carcasses of 51 other species, including a piping plover (Charadrius melodus; n = 1). Multi‐variable modeling indicated line marking over open water reduced predicted collisions per span per season (mid‐April through mid‐October, 2006–2008) from 10.3 to 5.8. Birds with high‐aspect‐ratio wings benefitted most from line marking (e.g., shorebirds and gulls). If the 9 open‐water spans we studied were unmarked for 30 years, we predicted 2,775 collisions. We predicted only 1,560 collisions if all of these spans were marked. Our data demonstrate that a wide variety of avian species are at risk of collision with lines bisecting open water, marking lines can reduce collision risk, and because collisions persisted and some line markers fell off power lines, improvements to effectively mark lines are needed. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Genetic Bio-Ancestry and Social Construction of Racial Classification in Social Surveys in the Contemporary United States
Authors: Guo Guang , Fu Yilan , Lee Hedwig , Cai Tianji , Mullan Harris Kathleen , Li Yi
Published: September 2013

Self-reported race is generally considered the basis for racial classification in social surveys, including the U.S. census. Drawing on recent advances in human molecular genetics and social science perspectives of socially constructed race, our study takes into account both genetic bio-ancestry and social context in understanding racial classification. This article accomplishes two objectives. First, our research establishes geographic genetic bio-ancestry as a component of racial classification. Second, it shows how social forces trump biology in racial classification and/or how social context interacts with bio-ancestry in shaping racial classification. The findings were replicated in two racially and ethnically diverse data sets: the College Roommate Study (N = 2,065) and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 2,281).
The Church of Rome as a Court of Appeal in the Early Fifth Century: The Evidence of Innocent I and the Illyrian Churches
Authors: DUNN GEOFFREY D.
Published: September 2013

In the early years of the fifth century a significant step in the development of the Roman Church's claim to a universal jurisdiction was taken as it clarified its relationship with the Churches of Eastern Illyricum. Among the letters of Innocenti, bishop of Rome from 402 to 417, there are a half dozen addressed to the churches within that prefecture, politically now in the East but ecclesiastically still looking to Rome. Yet the authority exercised by the Roman bishop was not all-encompassing, being restricted primarily to judicial matters. This article considers Innocent'sepistulaxviii, written to a group of Macedonian bishops, headed by Rufus, bishop of Thessaloniki, Innocent's vicar, in which Rome acts as a court of appeal in the matter of Bubalius and Taurian. What is fascinating is the role that forgery played in the appeal process. It is argued that the evidence should be considered in its own historical context and not in the light of later ecclesiological understandings.
New Evidence for the Influence of Gallic Canon Law in Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: ELLIOT MICHAEL D.
Published: September 2013

The importance of canon law collections to Anglo-Saxon legal culture has long been thought negligible, especially in comparison to the considerable importance of an alternative genre of canonical literature known as the penitential handbook. Over the past several decades, however, evidence for the use and circulation of continental canon law collections in pre-Conquest England has been mounting, to the extent that it could challenge traditional notions about the dominance of penitential law in the early English Church. This study presents new evidence for the reception in Anglo-Saxon England of a major continental collection known as theCollectio vetus Gallica.
Novel percutaneous femoral arterial-transthoracic approach for closure of ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm with a septal occluder device in a child
Authors: Masri Samer I. , Majdalani Marianne N. , Bitar Fadi F.
Published: September 2013

Ascending aortic pseudoaneurysms are a rare complication following cardiac surgery. Their traditional surgical management carries high morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with multiple comorbidities. Transcatheter closure of these pseudoaneurysms using a septal occluder device has been previously reported in adults as an alternative approach with fewer complications. We report the first case of a novel percutaneous femoral arterial-transthoracic approach for exclusion of an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm with an Amplatzer atrial septal occluder device in a 9-year-old child with Takayasu's arteritis.
Persistent valve of systemic venous sinus: a cause of neonatal cyanosis
Authors: Qureshi Ahmad U. , Latiff Haifa A. , Sivalingam Sivakumar
Published: September 2013

Incomplete involution of valve of systemic venous sinus can present across a spectrum of anatomical lesions ranging from eustachian valve to division of right atrium (cor triatriatum dexter) with overlapping features. We present the case of a neonate presenting with cyanosis, having persistent valve of systemic venous sinus with anatomical details of the redundant tissue in right atrium suggesting an intermediate form between Chiari network and division of right atrium.
‘How Do You Read It?’ Rowan Williams, Marilynne Robinson and Mapping a Postmodern Reading of the Good Samaritan Parable
Authors: Walker Maxine E.
Published: September 2013

To explicate the Good Samaritan parable, this paper employs Rowan Williams’ interpretations of the parabolic imagination as explored inOn Christian Theology(2000) and in Marilynne Robinson's novelHousekeeping(1980). Williams identifies reading strategies that open possibilities for reading parables through the lens of contemporary texts. Robinson's novelHousekeepingwith its unconventional cast of unconnected women provides a contemporary way to explore the parable's opening question. Both Williams and Robinson, in their respective thoughts about ‘housekeeping’ as mutuality, discover that privileging established answers, conventional families and coded traditions interrogates the question ‘who is my neighbor?’ Both the theologian and the novelist explore behaviors that open the boundaries of family and traditions so that the elusive/allusive answer to the parable's question is found in unexpected haunting places with unfamiliar transients and on an ancient public road with one who has no name and voice.
Twin Reunions: The Science Behind the Fascination/Twin Research Reports: Altitude and Hypoxia; Twin Pregnancy Outcomes; Space Mission/Media Highlights: Chinese Twins Reunited; Twin Loss Discovered; Hidden Twins; Twin Euthanasia; Twin Savior
Authors: Segal Nancy L.
Published: September 2013

A description of the unique qualitative features of reunions between separated monozygotic twins is presented. The scientific implications of these observations are considered with reference to understanding human social behavior in general. This is followed by summaries of twin research on altitude and hypoxia, pregnancy outcomes, and space travel. Finally, recent accounts of twins in the media are noted; in particular, a rare reunion of adult monozygotic male Chinese twins, a novelist's personal discovery of twin loss, two renowned but ‘hidden’ twins, the moving story of an identical Belgian pair, and a twin savior.
Phase changes of filled ice Ih methane hydrate under low temperature and high pressure
Authors: Tanaka Takehiko , Hirai Hisako , Matsuoka Takahiro , Ohishi Yasuo , Yagi Takehiko , Ohtake Michika , Yamamoto Yoshitaka , Nakano Satoshi , Irifune Tetsuo
Published: September 2013

Low-temperature and high-pressure experiments were performed with filled ice Ih structure of methane hydrate under 2.0–77.0 GPa and 30–300 K using diamond anvil cells and a helium-refrigeration cryostat. In situ X-ray diffractometry revealed distinct changes in the compressibility of the axial ratios of the host framework with pressure. Raman spectroscopy showed a split in the C–H vibration modes of the guest methane molecules, which was previously explained by the orientational ordering of the guest molecules. The pressure and temperature conditions at the split of the vibration modes agreed well with those of the compressibility change. The results indicate the following: (i) the orientational ordering of the guest methane molecules from an orientationally disordered state occurred at high pressures and low temperatures; and (ii) this guest ordering led to anisotropic contraction in the host framework. Such guest orientational ordering and subsequent anisotropic contraction of the host framework were similar to that reported previously for filled ice Ic hydrogen hydrate. Since phases with different guest-ordering manners were regarded as different phases, existing regions of the guest disordered-phase and the guest ordered-phase were roughly estimated by the X-ray study. In addition, above the pressure of the guest-ordered phase, another high-pressure phase developed in the low-temperature region. The deuterated-water host samples were also examined, and the influence of isotopic effects on guest ordering and phase transformation was observed.
Development of open-boundary cluster model approach for electrochemical systems and its application to Ag+ adsorption on Au(111) and Ag(111) electrodes
Authors: Iida Kenji , Yasuike Tomokazu , Nobusada Katsuyuki
Published: September 2013

We present a theoretical method to investigate electrochemical processes on the basis of a finite-temperature density functional theory (FT-DFT) approach combined with our recently developed open-boundary cluster model (OCM). A semi-infinite electrode is well mimicked by a finite-sized simple cluster with an open quantum boundary condition rationalized by OCM. An equilibrium state between adsorbates and an electrode is described by the grand canonical formulation of FT-DFT. These implements allow us to calculate electronic properties of an adsorbate and electrode system at a constant chemical potential μ, i.e., electrode potential. A solvation effect is approximated by a conductor-like polarized continuum model. The method is applied to the electrochemical processes of Ag+ adsorption on Au(111) and Ag(111). The present constant μ approach has proved essential to electrochemical systems, demonstrating that the method qualitatively reproduces the experimental evidence that Ag+ adsorbs more on the Au electrode than the Ag one, while the conventional quantum chemistry approach with a constant number of electrons incorrectly gives exactly the opposite result.
From dynamical systems to renormalization
Authors: Menous Frédéric
Published: September 2013

In this paper we study logarithmic derivatives associated to derivations on completed graded Lie algebra, as well as the existence of inverses. These logarithmic derivatives, when invertible, generalize the exp-log correspondence between a Lie algebra and its Lie group. Such correspondences occur naturally in the study of dynamical systems when dealing with the linearization of vector fields and the non linearizability of a resonant vector fields corresponds to the non invertibility of a logarithmic derivative and to the existence of normal forms. These concepts, stemming from the theory of dynamical systems, can be rephrased in the abstract setting of Lie algebra and the same difficulties as in perturbative quantum field theory (pQFT) arise here. Surprisingly, one can adopt the same ideas as in pQFT with fruitful results such as new constructions of normal forms with the help of the Birkhoff decomposition. The analogy goes even further (locality of counter terms, choice of a renormalization scheme) and shall lead to more interactions between dynamical systems and quantum field theory.
White dwarfs as the maximal soft x-ray scatterers
Authors: Akbari-Moghanjoughi M.
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we explore the effect of density on the structure formation and the electromagnetic wave (EMw) elastic scattering on quantum plasmas, using the generalized quantum hydrodynamic model valid for a wide range of the plasma density and relativistic degeneracy. It is found that the electron quantum diffraction effect caused by the Bohm potential has a fundamental effect on the ion correlations in a degenerate electron fluid and crystallization in quantum plasmas in the solid-density regime and beyond. The ion correlations and structure formation are shown to be fundamentally affected by the plasma density and the relativistic degeneracy parameters. Moreover, distinct behavior is shown to exist between the non-relativistic and relativistic matter density regimes, regarding the normalized EMw elastic scattering cross-sections. It is theoretically discovered that the maximal Thomson scattering coincides with the average density of a typical white dwarf corresponding to the soft X-ray wavelength regime. Current research can be very useful in plasma optical diagnostic methods for a wide range of electron number-density from warm dense matter and inertial confinement fusion to the astrophysical compact objects.
Optical Illusion? The Growth and Development of the Optics Valley of China
Authors: Miao Julie Tian , Hall Peter
Published: September 2013

The ‘cultivated’ nature of the Chinese science parks, against the background of a transitional economy, differentiates them from spontaneous and cooperative Western models, and is a phenomenon deserving close examination. We study the dynamics and features of the so-called Optics Valley of China (OVC) in Hubei, aiming to explore the characteristics of an embryonic local innovation system constructed in a less-favoured region. The results show that institutional factors are the leading forces in a cultivated science park like the OVC. However, along with the shifting focus of the local government, the OVC's industrial scale has remained small and its industrial chain has remained incomplete. Moreover, the lack of trust and interactions between various components in this innovation system has been highly noticeable. All these features may be seen as warnings to the OVC that a revision of this innovation system is needed in order to avoid the fate of becoming an ‘optical illusion’.
Is health workforce sustainability in Australia and New Zealand a realistic policy goal?
Authors: Buchan James M. , Naccarella Lucio , Brooks Peter M.
Published: September 2013

This paper assesses what health workforce ‘sustainability’ might mean for Australia and New Zealand, given the policy direction set out in the World Health Organization draft code on international recruitment of health workers. The governments in both countries have in the past made policy statements about the desirability of health workforce ‘self-sufficiency’, but OECD data show that both have a high level of dependence on internationally recruited health professionals relative to most other OECD countries. The paper argues that if a target of ‘self-sufficiency’ or sustainability were to be based on meeting health workforce requirements from home based training, both Australia and New Zealand fall far short of this measure, and continue to be active recruiters. The paper stresses that there is no common agreed definition of what health workforce ‘self-sufficiency’, or ‘sustainability’ is in practice, and that without an agreed definition it will be difficult for policy-makers to move the debate on to reaching agreement and possibly setting measurable targets or timelines for achievement. The paper concludes that any policy decisions related to health workforce sustainability will also have to taken in the context of a wider community debate on what is required of a health system and how is it to be funded.
Influenza pandemic 2009/A/H1N1 management policies in primary care: a comparative analysis of three countries
Authors: Kunin Marina , Engelhard Dan , Thomas Shane , Ashworth Mark , Piterman Leon
Published: September 2013

Background.
During the influenza pandemic 2009/A/H1N1, the main burden of managing patients fell on primary care physicians (PCP). This provided an excellent opportunity to investigate the implications of pandemic policies for the PCP role.

Aim.
To examine policies affecting the role of PCP in the pandemic response in Australia (in the state of Victoria), Israel and England.

Methods.
Content analysis of the documents published by the health authorities in Australia, Israel and England during the pandemic 2009/A/H1N1.

Results.
The involvement of PCP in the pandemic response differed among the countries in timing and allocated responsibilities. The Israeli approach during the containment phase was to maximise the protection of PCP at the expense of putting pressure on hospitals where the suspected cases were tested and treated. In Australia and England, PCP managed the suspected patients from the beginning of the pandemic. The work of PCP in England was supported by the introduction of the National Pandemic Flu Service during the mitigation phase, whereas Australian PCP had no additional support structures and their role was constant and intensive throughout the pandemic period.

Conclusion.
Health authorities need to engage with representatives of PCP to evaluate policies for pandemic planning and management. Adequate support and protection for PCP during different stages of pandemic management should be provided.

What is known about the topic?
During the influenza pandemic 2009/A/H1N1, the main burden of diagnosing and managing the patients fell on PCP. The prominent role of PCP in the 2009/A/H1N1 pandemic presents an excellent opportunity to investigate implications of pandemic policies for primary care and to tackle the possible problems that these policies may impose on the ability of PCP to effectively participate in the public health response.

What does this paper add?
This paper examines policies that affected the roles of PCP in managing the influenza pandemic 2009/A/H1N1 in three countries: Australia, Israel and England. Although general evaluations of the pandemic response in different countries have previously been reported, this is the first study that focuses on policies for pandemic management at the primary care level.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Practitioners (PCP and primary care workers in general) would benefit if pandemic preparedness plans were constructed to provide an adequate system of support and protection to primary care workers during different stages of pandemic management. For policy makers, this analysis may help to overhaul the strategies for primary care engagement in the pandemic response.