bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pekin
Authors: Bauman Thomas
Published: May 2017

In 1904, political operator and gambling boss Robert T. Motts opened the Pekin Theater in Chicago. Dubbed the “Temple of Music,” the Pekin became one of the country's most prestigious African American cultural institutions, renowned for its all-black stock company and school for actors, an orchestra able to play ragtime and opera with equal brilliance, and a repertoire of original musical comedies. A missing chapter in the history of African American theater, this book presents how Motts used his entrepreneurial acumen to create a successful black-owned enterprise. Concentrating on institutional history, the book explores the Pekin's philosophy of hiring only African American staff, its embrace of multi-racial upper class audiences, and its ready assumption of roles as diverse as community center, social club, and fundraising instrument. The Pekin's prestige and profitability faltered after Motts' death in 1911 as his heirs lacked his savvy, and African American elites turned away from pure entertainment in favor of spiritual uplift. But, as the book shows, the theater had already opened the door to a new dynamic of both intra- and inter-racial theater-going and showed the ways a success, like the Pekin, had a positive economic and social impact on the surrounding community.
Holding the Stroll
Authors: Bauman Thomas
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the Pekin Theater's vaudeville shows that pervaded The Stroll at the time. When the curtain had rung down on the final performance of The Husband, Robert T. Motts dismissed his stock company. J. Ed. Green resigned and decided to go into business by forming the Chester Amusement Company with Marion Brooks and A. W. Johnson. At the Pekin, Motts further strengthened and distinguished the musical profile of the house by reinstating a kind of music that had first drawn patrons there in 1904: concerts, motion pictures, and vaudeville acts featuring “society” performers such as Marie Burton. This chapter also considers Motts's invitation to the Howard Stock Company to perform at the Pekin and concludes with a discussion of the special event that broke all prior attendance records at the theater—the match between heavyweight champion Jack Johnson and challenger Jim Jeffries.
Introduction
Authors: Jack Jordynn
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter provides an overview of gendered characters in debates about autism. Researchers seeking to understand autism have often drawn on gendered characters to theorize what autism is and what causes it. Others seeking to intervene in autism debates, especially parents, have turned to stock characterizations of mothers and fathers for this purpose. Such characters are useful because they can help persuade others to adopt a certain view—a theory of autism, a course of treatment, or a view of the speaker's ethos. This book argues that gaps in scientific knowledge and authority over autism enable gender to become a salient rhetorical force: where knowledge or authority is lacking, gendered characters often fill in. The chapter then describes what autism is, how it has been defined, and how those definitions have shifted over time.
Rehearsing Gender
Authors: Jack Jordynn
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses “autism dads” who write about their children. By analyzing memoirs written by several fathers of autistic children, it shows how fathers rehearse topoi related to fatherhood, masculinity, the family as an institution, and their professional or disciplinary identities in order to rhetorically constitute roles for themselves. In order to constitute this character, fathers must sometimes reject or revise other characters grounded in the commonplaces of hegemonic masculinity that emphasize male strength, success, and power and adopt new topoi of fatherhood. However, although fathers refigure available characterizations of fatherhood, few reject that role entirely. Whereas narratives written by mothers tend to take on a quest for recovery, narratives written by fathers tend to take on a quest for understanding—not simply of the child in question but of the father's own character and identity.
Keepers of the Flame
Authors: Vogan Travis
Published: May 2017

NFL Films changed the way Americans view football. This book traces the subsidiary's development from a small independent film production company to the marketing machine that Sports Illustrated named “perhaps the most effective propaganda organ in the history of corporate America.” Drawing on research at the NFL Films Archive and the Pro Football Hall of Fame and interviews with media pioneer Steve Sabol and others, the book shows how NFL Films has constructed a consistent, romanticized, and remarkably visible mythology for the National Football League. The company packages football as a visceral and dramatic sequence of violent, beautiful, graceful, and heroic gridiron battles. Historically proven formulas for presentation are still used today. From the Vincent Price-narrated Strange but True Football Stories to the currently running series Hard Knocks, NFL Films distinguishes the NFL from other sports organizations and from other media and entertainment. The book tells the larger story of the company's relationship with and vast influence on our culture's representations of sport, the expansion of sports television beyond live game broadcasts, and the emergence of cable television and Internet sports media. This book presents sports media as an integral facet of American popular culture and NFL Films as key to the transformation of pro football into the national obsession commonly known as America's Game.
Creating and Sustaining America’s Game
Authors: Vogan Travis
Published: May 2017

This chapter charts the National Football League's (NFL) meteoric rise, thanks to NFL Films' unwavering designation of pro football as a unique and unifying reflection of America. Fueled by a combination of sport and media's increasingly profitable symbiosis and Commissioner Pete Rozelle's image-consciousness, the NFL enhanced its marketing efforts during the 1960s and began to diversify aggressively, creating branded products that reached out to audiences beyond the white, middle-class men who composed its typical fan base. The Rozelle-era NFL solidified its prominence in American culture through its merger with the American Football League and subsequent development of the Super Bowl. This chapter examines how the NFL made connections to as many potential fans as possible by establishing national television exposure, branding various items, organizing athletic events for kids, donating to charitable causes, and creating a tourist attraction. It looks at one production that codified NFL Films' signature aesthetic practices, They Call It Pro Football, and how it situates professional football as “the sport of our time.”
Keeping the Flame in the Broadcast Era
Authors: Vogan Travis
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how broadcast television helped NFL Films transform pro football from a sport that appeared primarily on Sunday telecasts and evening news recaps into a spectacle that could be consumed throughout the entire week and year. It discusses NFL Films productions designed to augment and publicize exceptional National Football League (NFL) broadcast events, specifically the annual Super Bowl and ABC's Monday Night Football. It shows how NFL Films strengthened the NFL's relationship to television to attract television viewers (and sell advertising time) around the clock. The company's productions demonstrated that nonlive sports television programming could have appeal throughout the week and throughout the year. Furthermore, NFL Films anticipated and precipitated the continuous sports television that developed along with cable television.
Ongoing Challenges for Digital Critical Editions
Authors: Régnier Philippe
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the issues at stake in digital scholarly edition, commenting on the main challenges and opportunities that the use of digital technology, computers, and dynamic schemas in online publication of critical editions entails. It emphasizes how the new digital environment can modify and perhaps extend textual criticism's scope and reach. Particular attention is given to societal, epistemological, and cultural factors that can influence the evolution of the discipline; to the rapid change and transformation rhythm; to the inherent instability of new digital environments; and finally, to the multiplicity of the varied representational frameworks that can compete within a digital structure.
Greg Egan
Authors: Burnham Karen
Published: May 2017

Greg Egan (1961– ) publishes works that challenge readers with rigorous, deeply informed scientific speculation. He unapologetically delves into mathematics, physics, and other disciplines in his prose, putting him in the vanguard of the hard science fiction renaissance of the 1990s. The book provides an in-depth study of Egan's science-heavy oeuvre. Its survey of Egan's career covers novels like Permutation City and Schild's Ladder, and the Hugo Award-winning novella Oceanic, analyzing how Egan used cutting-edge scientific theory to explore ethical questions and the nature of humanity. As the book shows, Egan's collected works constitute a bold artistic statement: that narratives of science are equal to those of poetry and drama, and that science holds a place in the human condition as exalted as religion or art. The book includes a rare interview with the famously press-shy Egan covering his works, themes, intellectual interests, and thought processes.
Loving Compassion, Maternal Devotion, and the Yearning for Home
Authors: Davis Coralynn V.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on tales in which the virtue of compassion is embodied in the persona of the devoted mother. Collectively, Maithil women's tales assert that maternal devotion presents an especially intensified and idealized form of the otherwise gender undifferentiated virtue of compassion. The action women take based on this maternal sentiment is portrayed as making a positive difference in the lives of children, even other women's children. As mentioned in the previous chapter, a mother may pass on her moral or sinful nature through the sharing of bodily substances. In these ways, through their stories, Maithil women position their own embodied selves as a fundamental source of social virtue.
Beyond the White Negro
Authors: Davis Kimberly Chabot
Published: May 2017

Critics often characterize white consumption of African American culture as a form of theft that echoes the fantasies of 1950s-era bohemians, or “White Negroes,” who romanticized black culture as anarchic and sexually potent. This book claims such a view fails to describe the varied politics of racial crossover in the past fifteen years. The book analyzes how white engagement with African American novels, film narratives, and hip-hop can help form anti-racist attitudes that may catalyze social change and racial justice. Though acknowledging past failures to establish cross-racial empathy, the book focuses on examples that show avenues for future progress and change. Its study of ethnographic data from book clubs and college classrooms shows how engagement with African American culture and pedagogical support can lead to the kinds of white self-examination that make empathy possible. The result is a book that challenges the trend of focusing on society's failures in achieving cross-racial empathy and instead explores possible avenues for change.
Wiggers or White Allies?
Authors: Davis Kimberly Chabot
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines three white hip-hop artists whose youth was spent consuming and producing hip-hop in interracial neighborhoods or friendship groups: Eminem, Danny Hoch, and Adam Mansbach. Their cultural immersion facilitated and strengthened social ties to black people. Here, the chapter uncovers long-term manifestations of racial sincerity, but it also registers moments of failure, when one or another succumbs to the privileges of whiteness or opts for the easier postures of authenticity rather than the ongoing work of struggle against racial injustice. Treating these three artists as consumers and producers of hip-hop culture, the chapter analyzes the racial politics and sincerity of their rap lyrics, theater performances, film, fiction, essays, interviews, and social activism. Without reducing the artistic complexity of their imaginative work, it considers their creative products as reception documents that reflect their understanding of the meanings and significance of hip-hop culture.
Reading Race and Place
Authors: Davis Kimberly Chabot
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the reception of two African American “post-soul” novels that deconstruct essentialist ideas about race. Inviting readers to reconsider binary understandings of blackness and whiteness, Edward P. Jones's The Known World (2003) focuses on free blacks who own slaves in the antebellum South, while Danzy Senna's Caucasia (1998) details the coming of age of a mixed-race girl in Boston in the 1970s and 1980s. The chapter examines how the reading of a racially charged text is influenced by the readers' locality and the communities in which they live and participate. It also compares the conversations of racially mixed book clubs to those with all white or all African American members, and analyzes the connections and disjunctions between empathetic reading and the readers' political lives within a metropolitan area with a long history of racial antagonism.
Black Cultural Encounters as a Catalyst for Divestment in White Privilege
Authors: Davis Kimberly Chabot
Published: May 2017

This concluding chapter offers some final thoughts on cross-racial relationships, particularly from the author's personal experiences. It also reviews some literature, both fictional and otherwise, which engages with the issue of cross-racial empathy, supplemented likewise with the author's personal insights. Here the chapter reflects on ethnic difference and transitioning into what sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva calls a “racial progressive”—defined as a person who supports affirmative action and interracial marriage and who is convinced that racial discrimination is real. To conclude, the chapter argues that culture and cultural crossover alone are not enough to ensure social and political transformation. To do so, the chapter emphasizes the importance of education and activism in helping to effect these changes.
Georgia on His Mind
Authors: Foley Barbara
Published: May 2017

This chapter analyzes how many of the texts in part 1 of Cane display Toomer's continuing attempt to incorporate Sempter/Sparta into the program for sectional art that had failed to achieve effective expression in “Kabnis.” While things are so immediate in the Georgia that traumatizes Toomer's artist-hero, in part 1 the word “Georgia” figures prominently among the symbolic acts that link the soil and the folk through the ideologeme of metonymic nationalism. Such references to Georgia propose that the folk culture located on the Dixie Pike is a vital spiritual link in the chain connecting region with nation, and affirming the belonging of African Americans in an expanded version of “our” America.
Interzone History
Authors: Halle Randall
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at the latter part of the nineteenth century when film makes its appearance, and at which point old multiethnic empires such as the Austro-Hungarian, the Russian, or the Ottoman competed with the colonial powers of France and Great Britain, and new rising powers like the German Empire, for world domination. The moving image that entered into the medial apparatus intimately connected to questions of nationalism and imperialism. The chapter focuses on the historical development of cinema from the early silent to early sound eras. It seeks to revise that history by considering the relationship of the cinematic apparatus to the imperial and national social configuration, while underscoring the production of interzones in those relationships.
Traversing Uneven Political Ground, 1855
Authors: Moore William F. , Moore Jane Ann
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how Abraham Lincoln and Owen Lovejoy traversed an uneven political ground in 1855 to move their respective positions on slavery into almost perfect alignment. It first provides an overview of Lincoln and Lovejoy's political grounding before discussing the political agreement that would allow Lincoln to advance his candidacy for the U.S. Senate and for Lovejoy to find a venue to correct some intentional mischaracterizations of the early Republican Party in Illinois. It also considers the two men's speeches in which they both regarded the repeal of the Missouri Compromise as a big mistake; their contradictory perceptions of the abolitionists; and their disagreement over the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the cautious approach taken by Lovejoy and others in uniting various antislavery groups.
Trusting Those Who Care for the Results, 1858
Authors: Moore William F. , Moore Jane Ann
Published: May 2017

This chapter suggests that Abraham Lincoln's failed senatorial bid in the 1858 elections allowed him to know who really cared about the results, and that they had come to trust him. In a March 8, 1958, letter to Owen Lovejoy, Lincoln ended with the statement “Let this be strictly confidential...I have some valued friends who would not like me any the better for writing it.” This cautionary tone is proof that Lincoln trusted Lovejoy enough to risk giving him candid information. After discussing Lovejoy's speech accepting his unanimous renomination to the U.S. Congress, this chapter considers Lovejoy and Lincoln's opinions on Negro equality. It also examines Lincoln's debates with Stephen A. Douglas in each of Illinois's seven congressional districts over the issue of slavery. Finally, it describes Lovejoy's victory in the 1858 elections and Lincoln's disagreement with the notion that he had made the wrong choice by keeping his principles and coming too close to Lovejoy.
Holding Firmly to Their Promises, 1861
Authors: Moore William F. , Moore Jane Ann
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Abraham Lincoln and Owen Lovejoy's unwavering commitment to the antislavery cause during Lincoln's first year in office amid the eruption of hostilities between northern and southern states that culminated in the Civil War. The discussion begins with an analysis of how the concepts of honor and dishonor escalated the tension between North and South over the issue of secession. The chapter then considers Congressman John Crittenden's proposed compromise whereby new states formed below a line extending from Missouri's southern border to the Pacific Ocean would be admitted as slave states, while all new states above that line would prohibit slavery. It also looks at Lincoln's inauguration and his initiatives as president to defend the Union against the Confederacy, as well as the special first session of the Thirty-Seventh Congress. Finally, it assesses Lovejoy's time in Missouri fighting as part of the Union forces under General John C. Frémont, his plan to quell the rebellion, his return to Congress, and his legislative proposals.
Assuring That the Nation Would Long Endure, 1863
Authors: Moore William F. , Moore Jane Ann
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Abraham Lincoln and Owen Lovejoy's united stand to assure that the nation “can long endure” amidst the war. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation intensified the desperation felt by slaveholders in areas close to the invading armies. While resisting and escaping slaves invigorated the political process for emancipation, the Emancipation Proclamation emboldened more resistance to slave masters and enhanced cooperation in the Union's efforts in the Civil War. This chapter begins with a discussion of the debate among antislavery leaders over reconstruction policy, along with Lincoln and Lovejoy's disagreements about issues such as the role that the federal military should take in policing the states during the transition. It then considers Lovejoy's health problems and the support for the Lincoln administration's war effort, as well as two men 's persistence in pursuing their radical agenda. It also looks at Lincoln's appeal for divine help to guide and heal the nation, highlighted by his Thanksgiving Proclamation designating August 6 “a day for National Thanksgiving, Praise and Prayer.”
“How I Became a Film Director”
Authors: Williams Tami
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores Germaine Dulac's family background, drawing on personal records, memoirs, and correspondence. Her early upbringing and encounters with certain people, events, and tendencies during France's Belle Époque later impacted Dulac's political and aesthetic views and the many alternatives and choices that shaped her film career. These include the influence of moderate socialism on her views of class, gender, sexuality, and national politics, and the impact of nineteenth-century symbolist and naturalist tendencies on her inventive rhetorical and representational strategies as they contributed to her filmmaking and activism. The chapter examines Dulac's “women's portraits,” as well as her early political activities and nonfiction writings as a pacifist and feminist from 1906 to 1913.
Dulac’s Aesthetic Matures
Authors: Williams Tami
Published: May 2017

This chapter illustrates Dulac's gradual shift from scenic naturalism and pictorial symbolism to the use of film-specific technical effects, and a choreography and montage-based notion of “rhythm within and between the images” in her feminist classic La Souriante Madame Beudet (1923), her subversive short L'Invitation au voyage (1927), and in a new restoration of her first surrealist film La Coquille et le clergyman (1927). The chapter also analyzes Dulac's lesser known La Folie des vaillants (1925), which among her narrative films comes closest to fulfilling her ideals of a “visual symphony” and a “pure cinema” free from the conventions of literature and theater.
Introduction
Authors: Williams Tami
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter discusses how Germaine Dulac played a groundbreaking role in the evolution of the cinema both as art and social practice. Over the course of her film career (1915–42), Dulac directed more than thirty fiction films, many marking new cinematic tendencies, from Impressionist to abstract. A careful study of Dulac's life and work establishes the importance of her voice in the diffusion and legitimization of French film and film culture, as evidenced through her prolific writings and lectures. She also played a prominent role in several cultural organizations such as the Society of Film Authors (SAF), the French Federation of Cine-Clubs (FFCC), the International Council of Women (ICW), the International Educational Cinematographic Institute(IECI), and the League of Nations' International Committee for Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC), among others.
A “House of the Lord” in Kirtland, 1831–1844
Authors: Howlett David J.
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that early Mormons created temple spaces to gain special blessings of God's spirit beyond the conversion experience. The Kirtland Temple fulfilled this function but remained in infrequent use after most of the Saints in northern Ohio left the area in 1838. New temples were built by subsequent Mormon communities in places like Nauvoo, Illinois, and later in the intermountain West. New theologies of human redemption were enacted in these spaces that went well beyond the neo-evangelical Mormon theology of the Kirtland era. No early Latter Day Saint systematized the emerging temple theology practiced in Kirtland. However, as a vernacular theology, their temple cultus can in part be approached as the outworking of an iconic reading of the scripture.
Staging the Temple, 1972–2012
Authors: Howlett David J.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the use of staged performances at pilgrimage sites to establish links between the past and the pilgrim. Since the late 1970s, the Kirtland Temple and its surrounding interpretative sites have served as venues for dramatic performances in which the shrine's past is resurrected and performed on stage. Plays about the Kirtland Temple have allowed audience members and actors to relate Kirtland's past to their present personal and institutional dilemmas and experiences, elevated the temple's status as sacred space, and shaped the way that individual groups socially construct the temple. Moreover, dramas provide an alternative space where the temple is interpreted and incorporated into a “useful past” that shapes the lives of pilgrims. They also further illustrate the process of parallel pilgrimage at the Kirtland Temple, as Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints members have constructed dramas drawing on common stories, with very different applications for those narratives.
Regina Anderson Andrews, Harlem Renaissance Librarian
Authors: Whitmire Ethelene
Published: May 2017

The first African American to head a branch of the New York Public Library (NYPL), Regina Andrews led an extraordinary life. Allied with W. E. B. Du Bois, she fought for promotion and equal pay against entrenched sexism and racism. Andrews also played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance, supporting writers and intellectuals with dedicated workspace at her 135th Street Branch Library. After hours she cohosted a legendary salon that drew the likes of Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston. Her work as an actress and playwright helped establish the Harlem Experimental Theater. This new biography offers the first full-length portrait of Andrews' activism, engagement with the arts of the Harlem Renaissance, and work with the NYPL.
International Flights
Authors: Whitmire Ethelene
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on Regina's involvement with civic organizations, including associated international travels. Throughout her tour of various Asian countries, Regina concentrated on meeting women and hearing about the social, educational, and economic issues and concerns that impacted their lives. She also visited libraries and discussed the work that she was doing for both the National Council of Women of the United States (NCWUS) and the community programs sponsored by her Washington Heights Branch. This was a perfect opportunity for Regina to make a bigger, international impact as her library career was drawing to a reluctant close. Not surprisingly, Regina's greatest concern as she approached retirement was the future of her Family Night at the Library program.
Coming to Grips with History (1984–1991)
Authors: Miller Leta E.
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores Kernis's life in the period 1984–1991—a period of wandering physically, emotionally, and artistically. He lived in Europe, various parts of the United States, and Canada. He experienced periods of intense loneliness but also the pleasure of a significant romantic attachment. And, after freeing himself musically from strict self-imposed controls, he confronted head-on the challenges of history, coming to grips with the forms and modes of expression pioneered by his predecessors while adapting these traditions to his personal language. His success in confronting these personal and professional challenges manifested itself in commissions for his first symphony (the Symphony in Waves, 1989) and his first string quartet (musica celestis, 1990) and in the establishment of important associations that would serve him well far into the future with the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, the Lark Quartet, and pianist Evelyne Luest, who would become his wife in 1996.
Appalachian Dance
Authors: Spalding Susan Eike
Published: May 2017

This book employs twenty-five years' worth of rich interviews with black and white Virginians, Tennesseeans, and Kentuckians to explore the evolution and social uses of dance in each region. It analyzes how issues as disparate as industrialization around coal, race relations, and the 1970s folk revival profoundly influenced freestyle clogging and other dance forms. The book then reveals how African Americans and Native Americans, as well as European immigrants drawn to the timber mills and coal fields, added to local dance vocabularies. By placing each community in its sociopolitical and economic context, the book explores how the formal and stylistic nuances found in Appalachian dance reflect the beliefs, shared understandings, and experiences of the community at large. The book examines the dynamism of Appalachian dance traditions and the creativity involved in their evolution. Focusing on six dance communities, the book documents the experience of dancing as people have enjoyed it, or continue to enjoy it. It also explores the dance communities' divergent responses to social change, including industrialization, as well as the use of dance for community development.
The Movement Meets the Press
Authors: Dow Bonnie J.
Published: May 2017

This chapter analyzes national press coverage of the feminist protest at the 1968 Miss America Pageant, the event that put women's liberation on the national media map and that would have a continuing presence in print and broadcast interpretations of the movement. News reports about the events in Atlantic City feature the earliest appearance of many strategies for making sense of the movement—strategies that would reappear in national broadcast stories in 1970 along with film footage of the pageant protest that established its importance to feminism's public narrative. The chapter's discussion of the protest and its reverberations inside and outside the movement highlights an often overlooked aspect of the events of September 7, 1968: that the first Miss Black America Pageant, sponsored by the NAACP, was held the same night just down the boardwalk. The New York Times covered the two pageants in tandem, and the reading of that coverage focuses on reporters' early efforts to construct a narrative about the relationship between feminist and civil rights activism, an emphasis that would reappear in 1970's wave of national television reporting.
Making a Spectacle of the Movement
Authors: Dow Bonnie J.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the Women's Strike for Equality on August 26, 1970. By this time, women's liberation seemed poised for its triumphal moment in the media spotlight. The House of Representatives had passed the Equal Rights Amendment a few weeks earlier, and all three networks had produced stories that linked this outcome to the movement's momentum. The strike seemed to confirm that momentum: involving tens of thousands of women in the United States and abroad, it was the subject of more national print and broadcast attention than any other feminist event that year. Despite the strike's inclusion of an array of liberal and radical feminist groups, it was an instance of media activism conceived and controlled by the National Organization for Women (NOW), and it put the organization's media pragmatism on full display. Confounding NOW's careful planning, the reports on the strike took an essentially liberal action and presented it as a radical one. Featuring almost no discussion of the three carefully chosen issues—abortion, equal pay, and child care—that the event was designed to dramatize, the network reports instead presented a narrative of feminist deviance, visually depicting the masses of women protestors as an entertaining spectacle.
After 1970
Authors: Dow Bonnie J.
Published: May 2017

The Women's Strike for Equality was the final major movement story of 1970 as far as the networks were concerned, and it represented the culmination of feminism's growing visibility that year. However, when radical feminism disappeared from national television screens and was no longer available to serve as liberal feminism's extremist other, movement opponents were able to recast reformist issues such as the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) as public signifiers of feminist radicalism. This chapter discusses this consequence as well as other ways in which the television news narratives produced in 1970 influenced developments in the movement and its network television representation in the decade that followed. It concludes that the failure of ERA ratification in 1982 seemed to mark the end of the second wave of feminism in the eyes of national media, ushering in a post-feminist media perspective. The chapter also takes up another key element in the post-1970 context: the rise of Gloria Steinem as feminism's enduring media icon.
The Voice in the Drum
Authors: Wolf Richard K.
Published: May 2017

Based on extensive research in India and Pakistan, this book examines the ways drumming and voices interconnect over vast areas of South Asia and considers what it means for musical instruments to be voice-like and carry textual messages in particular contexts. The book employs a hybrid, novelistic form of presentation in which the fictional protagonist Muharram Ali, a man obsessed with finding music he believes will dissolve religious and political barriers, interacts with the book's field consultants, to communicate ethnographic and historical realities that transcend the local details of any one person's life. The result is a daring narrative that follows Muharram Ali on a journey that explores how the themes of South Asian Muslims and their neighbors coming together, moving apart, and relating to God and spiritual intermediaries resonate across ritual and expressive forms such as drumming and dancing. The story charts the breakdown of this naiveté. A daring narrative of music, religion and politics in late twentieth century South Asia, the book delves into the social and religious principles around which Muslims, Hindus, and others bond, create distinctions, reflect upon one another, or decline to acknowledge differences.
Shah Jamal
Authors: Wolf Richard K.
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes Muharram Ali's observations of drumming and music traditions linked to the Shah Jamal shrine in Lahore, Pakistan. Shah Jamal was a Sufi who lived in the time of Shah Jahan in the seventeenth century. The mound where his shrine is located is called Damdamah, and Shah Jamal's durbar rose seven stories above it. Across stood a queen's palace and the royal garden and pool. Ali reflects on the relationship between verbal and manual articulations of drum patterns; the emotional subtleties and speechlike qualities created through manipulations of tempo and intonation; and the spiritual and musical hierarchies. Lesser musicians are mere imitators. Qualified musicians must transcend mere replication to produce an appropriate variation or response—and yet they must never violate music's truth by deviating from the ground pattern.
The Vanishing Love Song in Film Noir
Authors: Gabbard Krin
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the racial contradictions engendered by the presence of African American musicians in Jacques Tourneur's Out of the Past (1947) and Fritz Lang's The Blue Gardenia (1953). The title song in The Blue Gardenia sheds light on a problem common to Tourneur's and Lang's film: the subtextual association of black musical performance with the dark side of the human psyche. In other words, if the Harlem jazz scene in Out of the Past presages the materialization of the “black widow,” Kathie Moffat (Jane Greer), Nat King Cole's rendition of “Blue Gardenia” musically implicates the “wrong woman,” Norah Larkin (Anne Baxter), and, by extension, the real culprit, Rose Miller (Ruth Storey). Thus, diegetic black music in both films acts as the clue to the “mystery,” a stereotypical one that speaks volumes about the intimate, fraught connection between classic noir and black popular-musical performance.
Disney Noir
Authors: Telotte J. P.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the impact of noir aesthetic in the work of the Walt Disney Studio, which produced some of the most pointedly noir-styled cartoons of the period. The most notable of these cartoons is a series of Donald Duck films: Donald's Crime (1945), Duck Pimples (1945), and The Trial of Donald Duck (1948). These cartoons show how deeply a noir aesthetic had penetrated American culture, for they repeatedly plunge Disney's top star of the period not into the world of oversaturated colors that Disney had pioneered in American animation, or musical-style narratives in which the studio had lately starred him, but into a consistently dark, strangely composed, and highly subjective realm.
Introduction
Authors: Carr James Revell
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to show that Hawaiians' musical interactions with Euro-American ships occurred frequently and in great numbers. Native Hawaiians began learning and adapting the music of the sailors and whalers, from sea chanteys to minstrel songs, from the time of Cook's arrival. These musical interactions were central to the development of syncretic Hawaiian music in the late nineteenth century, but they also contributed to the development of seamen's songs, ballads, and chanteys. Most important, this book shows that Hawaiians in the nineteenth century were extremely mobile and cosmopolitan, far from the image of primitive, isolated islanders popularized by the tourism industry. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
“A Wild Sort of Note”
Authors: Carr James Revell
Published: May 2017

This chapter addresses Hawaiians' roles in the multicultural environment aboard European and American sailing ships during the nineteenth century, focusing particularly on the expressive culture of American whalers. Whaling ships began regularly calling at Hawaiian ports in 1820, and over the next six decades thousands of Hawaiian men shipped out as whalemen, joining one of the most cosmopolitan workforces in the world. The chapter begins by describing the social conditions aboard American ships that enabled a variety of performing arts to flourish and encouraged intercultural bonding. It then explicates the different styles and contexts of shipboard music starting with the work song tradition known as the sea chantey (or shanty). It describes the recreational music-making activities of sailors, distinct from the work song tradition, providing accounts of Hawaiian singing and dancing aboard ships at sea and in various global ports, and the responses of Euro-American sailors to that music and dance.
What Happens When Negroes Don’t March?
Authors: Lucander David
Published: May 2017

This chapter offers an insider's view of how the Roosevelt administration responded to Randolph's audacious threat to march on Washington. The Roosevelt administration knew of March on Washington Movement's (MOWM) threatened protest since early 1941, but waited until June to address the organization's demands. In the interim, the government monitored MOWM's activities and kept a pulse on the general morale of African Americans. As an executive shepherding the nation through prolonged economic distress and into a global conflict, Franklin D. Roosevelt emphasized in his leadership style what one prominent historian described as balancing the “shared interests and purposes and needs of all Americans.” Thus, he carefully placated MOWM with relatively small concessions that were designed to not be overly offensive to the Democratic Party's segregationist wing.
“These Women Really Did the Work”
Authors: Lucander David
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes a series of sit-ins during 1944. Led by largely forgotten African American women, this interracial direct-action campaign sought to challenge the color line at department-store lunch counters. Integrating, or at least improving, access to food service at major downtown retailers was an important step in the process of breaking down elements of Jim Crow segregation in St. Louis. That same year, the March on Washington Movement (MOWM) shifted its attention toward obtaining and retaining jobs for black workers in publicly funded workplaces. Gaining access to jobs operating switchboards and in the local administration of Southwestern Bell Telephone offices was presented as a stride toward securing sustainable employment for a largely female contingent of working-class African Americans who wanted long-term white- and pink-collar employment. This sort of local women's activism, juxtaposed against national men's leadership, is consistent with a gendered pattern of activism in civil rights campaigns that persisted through the 1960s.
Homepage Nationalisms
Authors: Mallapragada Madhavi
Published: May 2017

This chapter interrogates the so-called “problematic of homepage nationalisms” in analyses of online media. It argues that the problematic is produced through normative ideas about online media as “global” (which all too often is synonymous with “American”) technologies and cultural nationalism as a quintessentially immigrant or diasporic concern. It examines the politics underwriting the categorization of the global Web and digital diasporas, and links it to the continued undertheorization of “home” in home pages. Using the example of curry as a metaphor for the presence of Indian immigrants in the American software industry, the chapter demonstrates how reading race in narratives that are ostensibly about transnational migration can illuminate the nuances of belonging or being an outsider in the immigrant experience. An interdisciplinary approach that engages the question of “home” at the intersections of race, class, and gender can therefore help redefine the equation between nation and diaspora in examinations of digital diasporas, and help pose the question of nation more purposefully in discussion of the global Web.
Introduction
Authors: Faith Thomas I.
Published: May 2017

This book documents the institutional history of the Chemical Warfare Service (CWS), the U.S. Army organization responsible for chemical warfare, from its origins in 1917 through Amos A. Fries's departure as CWS chief in 1929. It examines the U.S. chemical warfare program as it developed before the nation began sending soldiers to fight in France during World War I; the American Expeditionary Force's experiences with poison gas on the Western Front; the CWS's struggle to continue its chemical weapons program in a hostile political environment after the war; and CWS efforts to improve its public image as well as its reputation in the military in the first half of the 1920s. The book concludes with an assessment of the CWS's successes and failures in the second half of the 1920s. Through the story of the CWS, the book shows how the autonomy of the military-industrial complex can be limited when policymakers are confronted with pervasive, hostile public opinion.
Origins, 1917
Authors: Faith Thomas I.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the United States' chemical warfare program as it developed before the nation began sending soldiers to fight in France during World War I. In 1917, the United States was rapidly and haphazardly putting together a chemical warfare organization capable of a variety of responsibilities that included performing research, manufacturing war gases and gas masks, training the soldiers of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) to defend themselves against enemy gas, and deploying gas on the battlefield. While the members of the chemical warfare program performed well under the circumstances, more advanced preparation would have improved readiness and mitigated the need for emergency measures. This chapter discusses the use of poison gas and gas masks and the United States' chemical weapons manufacturing operations during World War I.
Contested Terrain
Authors: Kitch Sally L.
Published: May 2017

This book explores the crisis in contemporary Afghan women's lives by focusing on two remarkable Afghan professional women working on behalf of their Afghan sisters. The book's compelling narrative follows the stories of Judge Marzia Basel and Jamila Afghani from 2005 through 2013, providing an oft-ignored perspective on the personal and professional lives of Afghanistan's women. Contending with the complex dynamics of a society both undergoing and resisting change, Basel and Afghani speak candidly—and critically—of matters like international intervention and patriarchal Afghan culture, capturing the ways in which immense possibility alternates and vies with utter hopelessness. Strongly rooted in feminist theory and interdisciplinary historical and geopolitical analysis, the book sheds new light on the struggle against the powerful forces that affect Afghan women's education, health, political participation, livelihoods, and quality of life. It also suggests how a new dialogue might be started in which women from across geopolitical boundaries might find common cause for change and rewrite their collective stories.
The Political Is Personal
Authors: Kitch Sally L.
Published: May 2017

This chapter takes a deeper look at the professional activities of Marzia and Jamila in the intervening years. It offers a somewhat soberer vision of the constraints and setbacks that women activists were facing by 2010 as well as the continued evidence of their persistence in the face of such challenges. It was obvious that the same complexities and contradictions that characterized the process of change in Afghanistan over the previous five years in general had also characterized their individual work experiences. Welcome progress in their professional fortunes inevitably accompanied disappointments and reversals, more so than they apparently foresaw in 2005.
Fast-Forward
Authors: Kitch Sally L.
Published: May 2017

This chapter recounts the dramatic changes in the two women's lives that started in 2011 and were ongoing as of 2014. Because this narrative is a living document, whose ending will necessarily be arbitrary, it includes the sometimes dramatic shifts in plans and circumstances that can rewrite contemporary history in a moment. So it was that shifting events in late spring 2011 and early 2012 produced some different outcomes than what Marzia, Jamila, and the author had expected during their talks in the year before. For Marzia, the changes were more dramatic than her marriage. For Jamila, new circumstances confirmed both her fears about and her hopes for pursuing new options in her life's work.
The Clock Is Ticking, 2014
Authors: Kitch Sally L.
Published: May 2017

This chapter brings readers up to date on the women's circumstances and activities through mid-2014, when the manuscript was completed. The New Year's message the author received from Marzia in 2013 alluded to her “critical situation.” She later learned that Marzia had been suffering from severe depression, which had kept her from communicating with many of her friends. By the spring of 2013, Jamila was reporting that the security situation was getting worse in Afghanistan and that she was still without a clear option for studying abroad. But despite her continuing fear and frustration, and the fatigue in her voice, she wanted to emphasize how important it was for her to continue with her work.
From Scratch
Authors: Tenney James
Published: May 2017

One of the twentieth century's most important musical thinkers, the author did pioneering work in multiple fields, including computer music, tuning theory, and algorithmic and computer-assisted compositions. This book is a collection of the author's hard-to-find writings arranged, edited, and revised by the self-described “composer/theorist.” Tenney argued that “a new kind of music theory is needed which deals with the question of what we actually hear when we listen to a piece of music, as well as how or why we hear as we do.” His collection, which spans the years from 1955 to 2006, constitutes one of the most important bodies of music-theoretical thought of the twentieth century. Each article in this volume asks how new and radical musical ideas might emerge from how we hear. Selections focus on his fundamental concerns—“what the ear hears”—and include thoughts and ideas on perception and form, tuning systems and especially just intonation, information theory, theories of harmonic space, and stochastic (chance) procedures of composition.