bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Curriculum Mapping to Understand Information Literacy in Political Science Curricula
Authors: Henson Brea
Published: October 2023

abstract: This study presents curriculum mapping of noncore course offerings in political science curricula by an early-career librarian. It combines syllabi study and curriculum mapping methods to analyze the language of student learning objectives (SLOs) from course syllabi and to integrate SLOs with threshold concepts from the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education and the AAC&U Information Literacy VALUE Rubric. The methods produce two sample sets: one of core concept representation and the other of additional observances for syllabi improvements. Results analyze the frequency and percentage distributions of threshold concepts in SLOs. The author outlines strategies for engaging faculty in information literacy and suggests how librarians and faculty might inform information literacy teaching in the department.
Exploring the potential of broadband Tamm plasmon resonance for enhanced photodetection
Authors: Poddar Krishanu , Sinha Rajarshi , Jana Babita , Chatterjee Supratim , Mukherjee Rupam , Maity Amit Ranjan , Kumar Samir , Maji Partha Sona
Published: October 2023

Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) have emerged as a promising platform for photodetector applications due to their strong light–matter interaction and potential for efficient light absorption. In this work, a design for a broadband photodetector (PD) based on the optical Tamm plasmon (OTS) state generated in a periodic metal–semiconductor–distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) geometry is proposed. The transfer matrix method (TMM) was used to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves through the proposed structure. By exciting the structure with incident light and analyzing the electric field profile within the multilayer structure at the resonant wavelength, we observe a distinctive electric field distribution that indicates the presence of Tamm plasmon modes. A comparative study was conducted to investigate the optical properties of a photodetector in the near-infrared (NIR) range by varying parameters such as thickness. By optimizing the thickness, we successfully achieved a broadband photoresponse in the photodetector, with a maximum responsivity of 21.8 mA/W at a wavelength of 1354 nm, which falls within the photonic bandgap region. FWHM was found to be 590 nm for the responsivity spectrum. The geometry also presents maximum absorption with FWHM calculated to be about 871.5 nm. The proposed geometry offers a broadband photoresponse, which is advantageous for the advancement of Tamm-based detector technologies. The ability to detect light over a wide operation range makes this mechanism highly beneficial for various applications.
Periodic and quasi-periodic one-dimensional extrinsically magnetized photonic crystals with robust photonic bandgaps
Authors: Biswal Amita
Published: October 2023

The study of light wave transmission spectra for a one-dimensional extrinsic multilayered photonic structure is investigated by using the transfer matrix method. The photonic transmission properties of the proposed structure are analyzed for the different values of the external magnetic field, incident angles in terms of standard and oblique, and the electron concentrations of the electromagnetic wave propagation through the extrinsic quasi-periodic and periodic photonic structures. Robust and wider PBGs have appeared for several kinds of quasi-sequences. The increase in electron concentration strengthens the PBG, though it is highly affected by the collision frequency. Furthermore, various PBGs in the terahertz frequency ranges are significantly influenced by the physical entities. The terahertz region’s optical bandpass filters can be fabricated using the proposed framework. We also demonstrate that this proposed quasi-periodic multilayered architecture can be supplely controllable photonic crystals with positionable versions of the aforementioned features.
High-performance gas sensor with symmetry-protected quasi-bound states in the continuum
Authors: Hu Jinhua , Guan Hui , Liu Xiuhong , Ren Danping , Zhao Jijun
Published: October 2023

A high-performance optical sensor with a vertical cavity structure comprising high-contrast gratings (HCGs) and a distributed Bragg reflector was designed. The structure has two peaks with different mechanisms, among which the first peak is formed by breaking the symmetry of the structure and coupling between the incident wave and the symmetric protection mode. The joint action of the HCG resonance and Fabry–Perot resonance formed a second peak. Moreover, changing the structural parameters, such as the grating width, period, and cavity length, can tune the spectral reflection dips. The sensitivity of the designed structure was as high as 674 nm/RIU, and the corresponding figure of merit was approximately 34741. The presented gas sensor provides a method for applying a vertical cavity structure to the sensing domain.
Shaping the spectral correlation of bi-photon quantum frequency combs by multi-frequency excitation of an SOI integrated nonlinear resonator
Authors: Angulo Alí M. , Heine Jan , Duran Gomez J. S. S. , Mahmudlu Hatam , Haldar Raktim , Klitis Charalambos , Sorel Marc , Kues Michael
Published: October 2023

We reveal the generation of a broadband (> 1.9 THz) bi-photon quantum frequency comb (QFC) in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) Fabry–Pérot micro-cavity and the control of its spectral correlation properties. Correlated photon pairs are generated through three spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) processes by using a co-polarized bi-chromatic coherent input with power P1 and P2 on adjacent resonances of the nonlinear cavity. Adjusting the spectral power ratio r = P1/(P1 + P2) allows control over the influence of each process leading to an enhancement of the overall photon pair generation rate (PGR) μ(r) by a maximal factor of μ(r = 0.5)/μ(r = 0) ≈ 1.5, compared to the overall PGR provided by a single-pump configuration with the same power budget. We demonstrate that the efficiency a
ND
of the non-degenerate excitation SFWM process (NDP) doubles the efficiency a1 ≈ a2 of the degenerate excitation SFWM processes (DP), showing a good agreement with the provided model.
All dielectric reflective metalens based on multilayer meta-atoms
Authors: Moreno Ivan , Basilio-Ortiz J.
Published: October 2023

While transmission-mode metalenses have been extensively studied, reflection-mode metalenses remain almost unexplored, presenting advantages in terms of improved efficiency and reduced complexity. In this letter, we investigate a multilayer dielectric metalens operating in reflection mode at visible wavelengths without a metallic layer. Simulations and analysis demonstrate the performance of the metalens, with an 84% reflectivity the metalens proves its efficacy in reflection mode. At a numerical aperture of 0.15, the metalens achieves a 33% focusing efficiency, which is approximately twice that of similar reflective metalenses, facilitating efficient light manipulation and subwavelength resolution. Additionally, the metalens exhibits a well-defined focal spot with a full width at half maximum of 2.03 μm, approaching the diffraction limit.
Significant decrease of maternal mitochondria carryover using optimized spindle-chromosomal complex transfer
Authors: Liao Xiaoyu , Li Wenzhi , Lin Kaibo , Jin Wei , Zhang Shaozhen , Wang Yao , Ma Meng , Xie Yating , Yu Weina , Yan Zhiguang , Gao Hongyuan , Zhao Leiwen , Si Jiqiang , Wang Yun , Lin Jiaying , Chen Chen , Chen Li , Kuang Yanping , Lyu Qifeng
Published: October 2023

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contribute to a variety of serious multi-organ human diseases, which are strictly inherited from the maternal germline. However, there is currently no curative treatment. Attention has been focused on preventing the transmission of mitochondrial diseases through mitochondrial replacement (MR) therapy, but levels of mutant mtDNA can often unexpectedly undergo significant changes known as mitochondrial genetic drift. Here, we proposed a novel strategy to perform spindle-chromosomal complex transfer (SCCT) with maximal residue removal (MRR) in metaphase II (MII) oocytes, thus hopefully eliminated the transmission of mtDNA diseases. With the MRR procedure, we initially investigated the proportions of mtDNA copy numbers in isolated karyoplasts to those of individual oocytes. Spindle-chromosomal morphology and copy number variation (CNV) analysis also confirmed the safety of this method. Then, we reconstructed oocytes by MRR-SCCT, which well developed to blastocysts with minimal mtDNA residue and normal chromosomal copy numbers. Meanwhile, we optimized the manipulation order between intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and SCC transfer and concluded that ICSI-then-transfer was conducive to avoid premature activation of reconstructed oocytes in favor of normal fertilization. Offspring of mice generated by embryos transplantation in vivo and embryonic stem cells derivation further presented evidences for competitive development competence and stable mtDNA carryover without genetic drift. Importantly, we also successfully accomplished SCCT in human MII oocytes resulting in tiny mtDNA residue and excellent embryo development through MRR manipulation. Taken together, our preclinical mouse and human models of the MRR-SCCT strategy not only demonstrated efficient residue removal but also high compatibility with normal embryo development, thus could potentially be served as a feasible clinical treatment to prevent the transmission of inherited mtDNA diseases.
The influence of social capital in the utilisation of sexual reproductive health services among the youth in Ghana. A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Ananga Mark Kwame , Agbefu Rosemary Kafui , Doku Paul Narh , Manu Adom , Alangea Deda Ogum , Ganle John Kumuori
Published: October 2023

Social capital, often seen as the resources accessed through social connections, is currently gaining much attention in public health. However, limited studies have focused on the relationship between social capital and reproductive health services. Besides, while the factors associated with the use of reproductive health services among the youth are well documented in the literature, most studies have focused on narrowed perspective failing to take cognisance of the role of social capital. Yet, it is known that these behaviours can be influenced by social factors, which may be beyond the individual’s control partly because the youth are embedded in social organisations. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between social capital and the youth’s utilisation of reproductive health services.The study population comprised adolescents and young adults aged 15–24 years who were both in and out of school at the time of the survey. The study used a cross-sectional quantitative design involving a community-based household survey method to sample 792 respondents through multi-stage cluster sampling. The chi-square test examined the relationship between sociodemographic, social capital variables and reproductive health services. To account for potential confounding factors, a multivariable logistic regression model included variables from the binary logistic regression analysis with a p-value less than 0.05. In general, access to higher social capital was observed among 493 (62.2%). Almost half, 385 (48.6%) of the respondents have ever used at least one of the reproductive services examined in this study. After controlling all other significant predictors, the following social capital variables remained associated with increased utilisation of SRH services: higher trust in neighbourhood (AOR = 1.8; CI = 1.22–2.66), higher trust in people/institutions (AOR = 2.66; CI = 1.82–3.99), higher social cohesion (AOR = 3.35; CI = 2.21–5.08), stronger network (AOR = 7.55; CI = 4.43–12.87).Access to some social capital dimensions is associated with increased use of reproductive health services. However, any intervention such as mentoring including peer support programs, meant to address social capital needs in sexual and reproductive health should consider the efficacy of each social capital dimension and the intervention’s environment.
Design and research of music teaching system based on virtual reality system in the context of education informatization
Authors: Feng Yan
Published: October 2023

Virtual Reality (VR) technology uses computers to simulate the real world comprehensively. VR has been widely used in college teaching and has a huge application prospect. To better apply computer-aided instruction technology in music teaching, a music teaching system based on VR technology is proposed. First, a virtual piano is developed using the HTC Vive kit and the Leap Motion sensor fixed on the helmet as the hardware platform, and using Unity3D, related SteamVR plug-ins, and Leap Motion plug-ins as software platforms. Then, a gesture recognition algorithm is proposed and implemented. Specifically, the Dual Channel Convolutional Neural Network (DCCNN) is adopted to collect the user’s gesture command data. The dual-size convolution kernel is applied to extract the feature information in the image and the gesture command in the video, and then the DCCNN recognizes it. After the spatial and temporal information is extracted, Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color pattern images and optical flow images are input into the DCCNN. The prediction results are merged to obtain the final recognition result. The experimental results reveal that the recognition accuracy of DCCNN for the Curwen gesture is as high as 96%, and the recognition accuracy varies with different convolution kernels. By comparison, it is found that the recognition effect of DCCNN is affected by the size of the convolution kernel. Combining convolution kernels of size 5×5 and 7×7 can improve the recognition accuracy to 98%. The research results of this study can be used for music teaching piano and other VR products, with extensive popularization and application value.
Genetic admixture and diversity in Thai domestic chickens revealed through analysis of Lao Pa Koi fighting cocks
Authors: Wattanadilokcahtkun Pish , Chalermwong Piangjai , Singchat Worapong , Wongloet Wongsathit , Chaiyes Aingorn , Tanglertpaibul Nivit , Budi Trifan , Panthum Thitipong , Ariyaraphong Nattakan , Ahmad Syed Farhan , Lisachov Artem , Muangmai Narongrit , Nunome Mitsuo , Han Kyudong , Matsuda Yoichi , Duengkae Prateep , Srikulnath Kornsorn
Published: October 2023

Lao Pa Koi (LPK) chicken is a popular fighting breed in Thailand, prized for (its unique characteristics acquired by selective breeding), and a valuable model for exploring the genetic diversity and admixture of red junglefowls and domestic chickens. In this study, genetic structure and diversity of LPK chicken were assessed using 28 microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences, and the findings were compared to a gene pool library from “The Siam Chicken Bioresource Project”. High genetic variability was observed in LPK chickens using mtDNA D-loop haplotype analysis, and six haplotypes were identified. Microsatellite data revealed 182 alleles, with an average of 6.5 alleles per locus. These results confirmed the occurrence of genetic admixture of red junglefowl and Thai domestic chickens in LPK chicken breed. A maximum entropy modeling approach was used to analyze the spatial suitability and to assess the adaptive evolution of LPK chickens in diverse local environments. The model identified 82.52% of the area studied as unsuitable, and 9.34%, 7.11%, and 2.02% of the area indicated moderate, low, and high suitability, respectively. The highest contribution rate to land suitability for LPK chickens was found at an elevation of 100–250 m, suggesting the importance of elevation for their potential distribution. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the genetic origin of LPK chicken breed and identify resources for future genetic improvement.
Position: A study protocol for the prevention of fall injuries in french special forces selection courses using a body-centered intervention
Authors: Obligi Loucas , Bertrand Mathieu , Boivent Mathieu , Corcostegui Simon-Pierre , Coz Pierre-Emmanuel , Derkenne Clément , Des Robert Vincent , Hurpin Victor , Hus Jauffrey , L’Hermitte Benoît , Lely Laurent , Patey Edouard , Romary Emeric , Saint-Jean Luc , Trente Alexandre , Turpin Marine , Vertu Nicolas , Verdonk Charles , Duffaud Anaïs M.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The Military Physical and Sports Training program was developed by the French Army in order to train, optimize, and maintain individual readiness. Although the health benefits of sport practice do not need to be demonstrated, such activities can cause acute musculoskeletal injuries that need to be addressed. The prevalence of lower limb injury is rather high in the French military population and, in particular, ranges from 15 to 45% during Special Forces selection courses. Thus, this project aims to investigate the efficiency of a body-centered program designed to enhance body awareness. The program seeks to train the mind to actively pay attention to body information, while the latter is viewed as a protective factor against fall injuries. We assume: (i) that postural control can be improved by enhancing the level of body awareness; and (ii) that greater postural awareness could be beneficial in reducing the risk of fall injuries. The body-centered prevention program is based on the Optimization of the Resources of the Armed Forces (ORAF) intervention, which focuses on mental preparation and recovery, and has been deployed in the French Army for many years.

Method and analyses

The study focuses on five French Special Forces selection courses (400 soldiers/ participants). It is divided into two stages (year 1, year 2). The first year is dedicated to data collection from the control group (200 participants), while in the second year the ORAF intervention will be deployed. In both year, participants will be subjected to the same enrollment schedule (Fig 3). The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the ORAF intervention in reducing the rate of fall injuries during military selection, based on a multidisciplinary method that captures demographic, biological, biometric, clinical, and para-clinical measures.

Trial registration

Registration number: IDRCB number 2021-A02108-33, Clinical Trial: NCT 05451394.
Dietary fiber intake and cognitive impairment in older patients with chronic kidney disease in the United States: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Feiyan , Chen Hongxi , Mao Nan , Liu Hong
Published: October 2023

Background

High-fiber diet has been associated with better cognitive performance. However, the association between dietary fiber intake and cognition in older patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unknown. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary fiber intake on cognition in older patients with CKD.

Methods

This study included participants aged ≥60 years who provided data on social demography, cognitive tests (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease Word Learning [CERAD-WL], CERAD Delayed Recall [CERAD-DR], Animal Fluency Test [AFT], and Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]), diet, and other potential cognition-related variables from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014. Fully-adjusted multivariate logistic regression subgroup models were performed, and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to examine the association between dietary fiber intake and cognition in patients with CKD.

Results

A total of 2461 older adults were included, with 32% who suffered from CKD. Participants with CKD scored lower in CERAD-WL, CERAD-DR, AFT, and DSST. Patients with CKD consuming low dietary fiber (≤25 g/day) had a higher risk of CERAD-WL and DSST impairments. High dietary fiber intake eliminated the differences in CERAD-WL and DSST impairments between the CKD and non-CKD participants. However, no associations were observed between CKD and CERAD-DR and AFT impairments regardless of dietary fiber intake. A positive linear relationship between dietary fiber intake and AFT score was observed in older patients with CKD.

Conclusion

High dietary fiber intake may benefit cognitive function in older patients with CKD. High-fiber diet management strategies could potentially mitigate cognitive impairment in this group of patients.
Investigating infectious outcomes in adult patients undergoing solid organ transplantation: A retrospective single-center experience, Paris, France
Authors: Tarhini Hassan , Waked Rami , Rahi Mayda , Haddad Nihel , Dorent Richard , Randoux Christine , Bunel Vincent , Lariven Sylvie , Deconinck Laurene , Rioux Christophe , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Joly Veronique , Ghosn Jade
Published: October 2023

Objectives

This study described the demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of solid organ transplant recipients who were admitted to our center for infection. It also determined factors associated with a poor outcome, and compares early and late period infections.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, conducted at a tertiary care center in France between October 2017 and March 2019, infectious outcomes of patients with solid organ transplant where studied.

Results

A total of 104 patients were included with 158 hospitalizations for infection. Among these 104 patients, 71 (68%) were men. The median age was 59 years old. The most common symptoms on admission were fever (66%) and chills (31%). Lower respiratory tract infections were the most common diagnosis (71/158 hospitalizations). Urinary tract infections were frequently seen in kidney transplant recipients (25/60 hospitalizations). One or more infectious agents were isolated for 113 hospitalizations (72%): 70 bacteria, 36 viruses and 10 fungi, with predominance of gram-negative bacilli (53 cases) of which 13 were multidrug-resistant. The most frequently used antibiotics were third generation cephalosporins (40 cases), followed by piperacillin-tazobactam (26 cases). We note that 25 infections (16%) occurred during the first 6 months (early post-transplant period). Patients admitted during the early post-transplant period were more often on immunosuppressive treatment with prednisone (25/25 VS 106/133) (p = 0.01), mycophenolic acid (22/25 VS 86/133) (p = 0.03), presented for an urinary tract infection (10/25 VS 25/133) (p = 0.04) or a bacterial infection (17/25 VS 53/133) (p = 0.01). Patients with later infection had more comorbidities (57/83 VS 9/21) (p = 0.03), cancer (19/83 VS 0/21) (p = 0.04) or were on treatment with everolimus (46/133 VS 0/25) (p = 0.001). During 31 hospitalizations (20%), patients presented with a serious infection requiring intensive care (n = 26; 16%) or leading to death (n = 7; 4%). Bacteremia, pulmonary and cardiac complications were the main risk factors associated with poor outcome.

Conclusion

Infections pose a significant challenge in the care of solid organ transplant patients, particularly those with comorbidities and intensive immunosuppression. This underscores the crucial importance of continuous surveillance and epidemiologic monitoring within this patient population.
Dietary effect of soybean lecithin on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, blood biomarkers, and antioxidative status of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Authors: Amer Abdel-Rahman , Eweedah Nabil M. , Amer Asem A. , Gewaily Mahmoud S. , Younis Nehal A. , Ahmed Hamada A. , Dawood Mahmoud A. O.
Published: October 2023

Soybean lecithin (SBL) is usually added to aquafeed as a lipid source because aquatic animals cannot synthesize phospholipids. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of SBL on the growth, nutrient consumption, digestive enzyme activity, blood parameters, and antioxidant capability of striped catfish. The fish were fed on five experimental diets with five grading levels of SBL (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%) for 60 days. The final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, and protein efficiency ratio were markedly higher in striped catfish treated with 2–4% SBL than the control level (0% SBL). However, the lowest feed conversion ratio was in the fish-fed groups of 4–6% SBL. The carcass lipid content was significantly higher in fish fed 2–4% SBL compared to the control level (0% SBL). The lipase, amylase, and protease activities were significantly increased in the fish fed 2–6% SBL compared to 0% SBL-fed group. The gradually increased levels of SBL improved the structural appearance and increased the intestinal villi length and branching appearance. The triglycerides and total cholesterol were increased in the fish fed with 4, 6, and 8% compared to the control level, with the highest being in the fish fed with 8%. The lysozyme activity was higher in the fish fed with 2, 4, and 6% of SBL compared to the control level, with higher activity in the fish fed with 2 and 4% than 6%. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities were increased in the fish fed with 2, 4, and 6% SBL. The malondialdehyde level was lower in the fish fed with 4–6% SBL compared to the control level. The regression analysis revealed that the optimum dose of SBL is required at 3.65–4.42% for better productivity and health performances in striped catfish.
Hydrostratigraphy and hydrogeophysical studies to delineate fresh and saline aquifer boundaries in Lesser Cholistan of Pakistan
Authors: Arif Kashif , Khalid Perveiz
Published: October 2023

The differentiation of saline water and fresh water interfaces is a key objective in ground water exploration and management. Bahawalpur is the twelfth biggest metropolitan area of Pakistan situated in south Punjab near the bank of River Sutlej and lies at 29°59’55” N latitude and 73°15’12” E longitude at an elevation of 521 ft AMSL in the Cholistan area close to the Thar abandon. The study area comprised of Lesser Cholistan experiencing acute shortage of water for inhabitants and livestock as well. The occurrence of fresh water is also challenging because of high salinity in groundwater. The present study is intended to identify hotspots of fresh groundwater zones. To achieve the goal, vertical electrical resistivity and borehole data are used to mark fresh and saline interfaces in groundwater. To achieve the results 230 vertical electric sounding were performed in the study area. A total of 3 to 5 geo-electric layers are identified with modeling along with the processing and interpretation of resistivity data. In the study area, resistivity values are classified as very high (>230 Ω-m), high (230–100 Ω-m), medium (100–40 Ω-m), low (40–20 Ω-m) and very low (<20 Ω-m). Borehole data is used to interpret subsurface lithologies and to calibrate the modeled resistivity curves. The electric resistivity data indicates that thick layers of Quaternary sediments is present in the subsurface that is primarily composed of clay, silt, sand, gravels and some kanker. Inversion technique is applied to generate 2D subsurface resistivity maps to delineate fresh and saline water zones. The generated 2D resistivity maps at variable depth above and below water table and formation resistivity maps are successfully utilized to differentiate fresh and saline water zones. The identification of a saline water aquifer within sediments rich in clay was made possible by the observation of very low resistivity measurements in the southern region. Conversely, the detection of relatively high resistivity values, coupled with the presence of sand and gravel deposits in the northern section of the lesser Cholistan area, provided compelling evidence of the existence of fresh groundwater. These findings have significant implications for the management of water resources in the region, as they provide valuable insights into the distribution and availability of groundwater resources for future use.
Multigene panel next generation sequencing in metastatic colorectal cancer in an Australian population
Authors: Nindra Udit , Pal Abhijit , Lea Vivienne , Lim Stephanie Hui-Su , Wilkinson Kate , Asghari Ray , Roberts Tara L. , Becker Therese M. , Farzin Mahtab , Rutland Tristan , Lee Mark , MacKenzie Scott , Ng Weng , Wang Bin , Lee C. Soon , Chua Wei
Published: October 2023

Background

Next generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly used in standard clinical practice to identify patients with potentially actionable mutations. Stratification of NGS mutation tiers is currently based on the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT[E]) Tier I–V & X. Allele frequency is also increasingly recognised as an important prognostic tool in advanced cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the genomic mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) in an Australian multicultural population and their influence on survival outcomes.

Methods

Next generation sequencing with the 50-gene panel Oncomine Precision Assay™ was used on 180 CRC tissue samples obtained across six Sydney hospitals between June 2021 and March 2022.

Results

From 180 samples, 147 (82%) had at least one gene mutation identified with 68 (38%) having two or more concurrent mutations. Tier I variants included RAS wild-type [EI] in 73 (41%) and BRAF V600E [EIA] in 27 (15%). Non-tier I variants include 2 (1%) ERBB2 amplification [EIIB], 26 (15%) PIK3CA hotspot mutations [EIIIA] and 9 (5%) MET focal amplifications [EIIIA]. NGS testing revealed an additional 22% of cases with Tier II & III mutations. 43% of patients also presented with potentially actionable Tier III & IV mutations. Patients with concurrent TP53 and RAS mutations had significantly reduced overall survival (6.1 months versus 21.1 months, p <0.01). High KRAS allele frequency, as defined by those with over 20% variant allele frequency (VAF), also demonstrated reduced overall survival (12.1 months versus 42.9 months, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

In addition to identifying patients with genomic alterations suitable for clinically proven standard of care therapeutic options, the 50 gene NGS panel has significant potential in identifying potentially actionable non-tier 1 mutations and therefore may become future standard clinical practice.
Race and sex differences in ROS production and SOD activity in HUVECs
Authors: Mascone Sara E. , Kim Katherine I. , Evans William S. , Prior Steven J. , Cook Marc D. , Ranadive Sushant M.
Published: October 2023

Black individuals and men are predisposed to an earlier onset and higher prevalence of hypertension, compared with White individuals and women, respectively. Therefore, the influence of race and sex on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity following induced inflammation was evaluated in female and male human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from Black and White individuals. It was hypothesized that HUVECs from Black individuals and male HUVECs would exhibit greater ROS production and impaired SOD activity. Inflammation was induced in HUVEC cell lines (n = 4/group) using tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, 50ng/ml). There were no between group differences in ROS production or SOD activity in HUVECs from Black and White individuals, and HUVECs from Black individuals exhibited similar SOD activity at 24hr compared with 4hr of TNF-α treatment (p>0.05). However, HUVECs from White individuals exhibited significantly greater SOD Activity (p<0.05) at 24hr as compared to 4hr in the control condition but not with TNF-α treatment (p>0.05). Female HUVECs exhibited significantly lower ROS production than male HUVECs in the control condition and following TNF-α induced inflammation (p<0.05). Only female HUVECs exhibited significant increases in SOD activity with increased exposure time to TNF-α induced inflammation (p<0.05). HUVECs from White individuals alone exhibit blunted SOD activity when comparing control and TNF-α conditions. Further, compared to female HUVECs, male HUVECs exhibit a pro-inflammatory state.
Spatial distribution pattern and driving mechanism of tourist attractions in Gansu Province based on POI data
Authors: Peng Ruijuan , Gao Wanqianrong
Published: October 2023

The article utilizes POI (Point of Interest) data of tourist attractions in Gansu Province in 2021, adopts Moran’s I and kernel density analysis to study the spatial distribution pattern of tourist attractions in Gansu Province, and uses spatial autoregressive modeling to explore the driving mechanism affecting their spatial distribution pattern. The results show that: (1) Gansu Province has a large number and rich types of tourist attractions, and there are differences in the number of different types of tourist attractions; (2) The spatial distribution pattern of different types of tourist attractions in different cities and towns shows the phenomenon of both agglomeration and dispersion, with a higher degree of agglomeration in the central and northwestern regions of the province and a lower degree of agglomeration in the southwestern and southeastern corners; (3) The overall spatial distribution pattern of tourist attractions shows the distribution characteristics of multi-core decentralized distribution, forming 8 core aggregation areas in the southeast of the province; (4) The article analyzes the driving mechanism of the spatial distribution pattern of tourist attractions in Gansu Province using the buffer zone and OLS models, and the results show that the natural environment, transportation location, national policies and socio-economics all have a positive impact on the distribution of tourist attractions.
Treatment outcome and associated factors among adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in selected health centers in Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Authors: Zerihun Mehiret , Mekonnen Hussen , Gebretensaye Tigistu Gebreyohannis
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The success rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in developing countries is different than expected despite effective treatment. We evaluated treatment outcomes and associated factors of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was employed among randomly selected health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Patient records of adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated between January 1st, 2017, and December 31st, 2019 were reviewed. Convenient sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 24-computer software was used for analysis. Participants’ characteristics were descriptively described, and Bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine independent variables related to clinical outcomes. The significance level was determined at p-value < 0.05 and a 95% confidence level.

Results

Six hundred thirty-six patient records with a mean age of 37.49± 2.99 were reviewed. The overall treatment success rate was 84.9%. Absence of comorbid illness [AOR = 0.444; 95% CI:0.219–0.900], non-smoking [AOR = 0.35; 95% CI:0.194–0.645], and being HIV negative [AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.106–0.460] were associated with successful treatment outcomes, whereas, not having treatment supporter [AOR = 15.68; 95% CI: 8.11–30.33] was associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome.

Conclusions

Treatment success in this study was below the average target set by WHO. HIV positivity, co-morbidities, and smoking increased risk of treatment failure. Patient education about cessation may improve treatment success.
Characterization of 3D organotypic epithelial tissues reveals tonsil-specific differences in tonic interferon signaling
Authors: Jackson Robert , Rajadhyaksha Esha V. , Loeffler Reid S. , Flores Caitlyn E. , Van Doorslaer Koenraad
Published: October 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques can recapitulate the stratified nature of multicellular epithelial tissues. Organotypic 3D epithelial tissue culture methods have several applications, including the study of tissue development and function, drug discovery and toxicity testing, host-pathogen interactions, and the development of tissue-engineered constructs for use in regenerative medicine. We grew 3D organotypic epithelial tissues from foreskin, cervix, and tonsil-derived primary cells and characterized the transcriptome of these in vitro tissue equivalents. Using the same 3D culturing method, all three tissues yielded stratified squamous epithelium, validated histologically using basal and superficial epithelial cell markers. The goal of this study was to use RNA-seq to compare gene expression patterns in these three types of epithelial tissues to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their function and identify potential therapeutic targets for various diseases. Functional profiling by over-representation and gene set enrichment analysis revealed tissue-specific differences: i.e., cutaneous homeostasis and lipid metabolism in foreskin, extracellular matrix remodeling in cervix, and baseline innate immune differences in tonsil. Specifically, tonsillar epithelia may play an active role in shaping the immune microenvironment of the tonsil balancing inflammation and immune responses in the face of constant exposure to microbial insults. Overall, these data serve as a resource, with gene sets made available for the research community to explore, and as a foundation for understanding the epithelial heterogeneity and how it may impact their in vitro use. An online resource is available to investigate these data (https://viz.datascience.arizona.edu/3DEpiEx/).
Physical and psychological recovery after vaginal childbirth with and without epidural analgesia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Maeda Ayumi , Suzuki Rimu , Maurer Rie , Kurokawa Sumie , Kaneko Miki , Sato Rie , Nakajima Hiromi , Ogura Kyoko , Yamanaka Michiko , Uchida Tokujiro , Nagasaka Yasuko
Published: October 2023

Background

Enhanced recovery is the gold standard in modern perioperative management, including that for cesarean deliveries. However, qualitative and quantitative data on the physical and psychological recovery of women after vaginal childbirth are limited. Whether neuraxial labor analgesia influences postpartum recovery is unknown.

Methods

Primiparous women anticipating a vaginal childbirth between January 2020 and May 2021 were enrolled. Women with major comorbidities or postpartum complications and those who underwent a cesarean delivery were excluded. Daily step count was measured using a wrist-worn activity tracker (FitbitTM Inspire HR) for 120 hours after vaginal childbirth. Subjective fatigue levels and health-related quality of life were assessed using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L), respectively, at the 3rd trimester antenatal visit, on postpartum day 1 and 3, and at the one-month postpartum visit. Rest and dynamic pain scores and the location of pain were documented by participants during postpartum hospitalization.

Results

Among 300 women who were enrolled antenatally, 95 and 116 had a vaginal delivery without (NCB group) and with (EPL group) epidural analgesia, respectively. The median number of steps per 24 hours increased daily in both groups, and no significant difference was detected between the groups. Postpartum pain was mild overall, with median rest and dynamic pain scores being less than 4 and similar between the groups. MFI and EQ-5D-5L scores were the worst on postpartum day 1 in both groups and gradually improved to antepartum level by the one-month postpartum visit. Higher MFI score on postpartum day 1, but not the use of epidural analgesia, was associated with lower odds of achieving adequate postpartum ambulation (defined as >3500 steps between 48 and 72 hours postpartum).

Conclusion

The use of epidural analgesia was not associated with worse recovery outcomes during postpartum hospitalization.

Trial registration

UMIN-CTR, #UMIN000039343, registered on January 31, 2020.
Simulation of encounter rates between zooplankton organisms and microplastics in a tropical estuary
Authors: Sanvicente-Añorve Laura , Alatorre-Mendieta Miguel , Sánchez-Campos Mitzi , Ponce-Vélez Guadalupe , Lemus-Santana Elia
Published: October 2023

Coastal estuarine systems may hold a large number of microplastic particles, which predators often mistake for prey. This study estimated the encounter rates between microplastics (alleged prey) and zooplankton having different feeding modes, trophic positions, swimming velocities, and perception distances, under calm and turbulent conditions, and during two seasons. Surface water samples were taken at 10/12 sites of the Sontecomapan lagoon, southern Gulf of Mexico, to quantify microplastic concentration. Zooplankton organisms considered were copepods, chaetognaths, and luciferids, common organisms in the lagoon. In June, at surface waters and during calm conditions, mean encounter rates were 1.5, 2450, and 980 particles per individual per hour, that is, for copepods, chaetognaths, and luciferids, respectively. When the wind blows (0.8 m s-1) encounter rates were 1.2, 1.4, and 2.6 times higher than in calm conditions. In October, mean encounter rates under calm conditions were 0.2, 355, and 142 particles per individual per hour, for copepods, chaetognaths, and luciferids; these values increase 1.3, 1.6, and 3.3 times when the wind blows (1.12 m s-1). The major number of encounters in June was due to a higher concentration of microplastics, despite the lower turbulent velocity. Regarding their trophic position, we propose that secondary consumers (chaetognaths and luciferids) are more affected because they could eat microplastics via contaminated prey or accidentally ingest them owing to confusion in the motion signals, especially under turbulent conditions. Another consequence of encounters could be the entanglement of microplastics in the body of the animals, especially in those with complex morphology, such as crustaceans. Encounters between zooplankton and microplastics do not always result in ingestion or entanglement, but the encounters are the first step in the case of occurrence.
Genetic assignment predicts depth of benthic settlement for 0-group Atlantic cod
Authors: Ólafsdóttir Guðbjörg Ásta , Turnbull Shaun , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg G. , Nickel Anja , Karlsson Hjalti , Henke Theresa , Nielsen Einar Eg , Pálsson Snæbjörn
Published: October 2023

Atlantic cod is a keystone species that remains among the most economically important demersal fish in the North Atlantic. Throughout its distribution range, Atlantic cod is composed of populations with varying environmental preferences and migratory propensities. This life-history variation is likely to have contributed to the niche width and large population sizes of Atlantic cod, and its relative resilience to environmental change and exploitation. The Icelandic cod stock is currently managed as a single unit, but early research indicates population variation by depth and temperature and distinct offshore and inshore spawning components. Pelagic 0-group juveniles from different spawning grounds coexist in nursery areas around Iceland, but their genetic composition or habitat partitioning had not been examined post benthic settlement. In the current study we examine the genetic composition of Atlantic cod juvenile aggregations at nearshore nursery grounds in NW-Iceland and report distinct segregation by the depth of offshore and inshore juvenile cod. The physiological mechanism of this segregation is not known, but the pattern demonstrates the need to consider population structure at nursery grounds in the application of marine spatial planning and other area-based conservation tools.
Determinants of primary healthcare providers’ readiness for integration of ART services at departmental levels: A case study of Lira City and District, Uganda
Authors: Ikwara Emmanuel Asher , Nakero Lakeri , Anyolitho Maxson Kenneth , Isabirye Rogers , Namutebi Syliviah , Mwesiga Godfrey , Puleh Sean Steven
Published: October 2023

Background

Decreasing or flattening funding for vertical HIV services means that new and innovative ways of providing care are necessary. This study aimed to assess the determinants of readiness for integration of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) services at the departmental level among primary health care providers (PHCP) at selected health facilities in Lira District.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey employing mixed methods approaches was conducted between January and February 2022 among 340 primary healthcare practitioners (PHCP) at selected health facilities in Lira district. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using Stata version 15. and presented as proportions, means, percentages, frequencies, and odds ratios. Logistic regression was used to determine associations of the factors with readiness for ART integration at a 95% level of significance. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.

Results

The majority 75.2% (95% CI; 0.703–0.795) of the respondents reported being ready for the integration of ART services. PHCPs who were aware of the integration of services and those who had worked in the same facility for at least 6 years had higher odds of readiness for integration of ART, compared with their counterparts [aOR = 7.36; 95% CI = 3.857–14.028, p-value <0.001] for knowledge and duration at the current facility [aOR = 2.92; 95% CI = 1.293–6.599, p-value < 0.05] respectively. From the qualitative data, the dominant view was that integration is a good thing that should be implemented immediately. However, several challenges were noted, key among which include limited staffing and drug supplies at the facilities, coupled with limited space.

Conclusions

The study reveals a high level of readiness for the integration of ART services at departmental levels among Primary Healthcare Providers. Notably, PHCPs knowledgeable about integration and those who spent at least six years at the current health facility of work, were strong determinants for the integration of ART services in resource limited settings. In light of these findings, we recommend that policymakers prioritize the implementation of training programs aimed at upskilling healthcare workers. Furthermore, we advocate that a cluster randomized controlled trial be conducted, to evaluate the long-term effects of this integration on overall health outcomes.