bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethyl 10-cyano-7-hydroxy-6-oxo-3-phenyl-8,9,10,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene-10-carboxylate
Authors: Surya Prakash Rao H. , M Prabakaran , Muthukumaran Jayaraman
Published: February 2022

In the title compound, C23H19NO5, the cyano group adopts an axial orientation and the ester group an equatorial orientation. The dihedral angle between the pendant phenyl group and the benzene ring of the fused-ring system is 25.97 (8)°. Intramolecular O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds are observed and the packing is consolidated by C—H...O and C—H...π interactions.
N-(4-Hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)acetamide
Authors: Hines III James E. , Deere Curtistine J. , Fronczek Frank R. , Uppu Rao M.
Published: February 2022

The title compound, C8H8N2O4, differs in its degree of planarity from the 3-nitro isomer and also in its hydrogen-bonding pattern. Its NH group forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond to a nitro oxygen atom, and its OH group forms an intermolecular hydrogen bond to an amide oxygen atom, generating [10\overline{1}] chains in the crystal.
Testing for multiple bubbles: historical episodes on the sustainability of public debt in Spain, 1850–2020
Authors: Esteve Vicente , Prats María A.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the dynamics of the Spanish public debt–gross domestic product ratio during the period 1850–2020.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a recent procedure to test for recurrent explosive behavior (Phillipset al., 2011; Phillipset al., 2015a, 2015b) to identify episodes of explosive public debt dynamics and also the episodes of fiscal adjustments over this long period.

Findings

The identified episodes of explosive behavior of public debt coincided with fiscal stress events, whereas fiscal adjustments and changes in economic policies stabilized public finances after periods of explosive dynamics of public debt.

Originality/value

The longer than usual span of the data should allow the authors to obtain some more robust results than in most of previous analyses of long-run sustainability.
Construction tracking: implications of logistics data
Authors: Maxwell Duncan , Couper Rachel
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Construction suffers from “peculiarities” that concern the temporary natures of the construction site, project teams and unique product design. Considering the digital transformation of construction, new solutions are being investigated that can provide consistent data between changing projects. One such source of data manifests in the tracking of logistics activities across the supply chain. Construction logistics is traditionally considered a site management activity focused solely on the “back end” of projects, but an expanded logistics focus can unlock new avenues of improvement. This study aims to understand the requirements and benefits of such a consistent thread of data.

Design/methodology/approach

From a research project with one of Australia’s largest contracting companies, this paper details a series of construction tracking tests as an empirical case study in using Bluetooth low energy aware tracking technology to capture data across the manufacture, delivery and assembly of a cross-laminated timber structural prototyping project.

Findings

The findings affirm the tracking of expanded logistics data can improve back-end performance in subsequent projects while also demonstrating the opportunity to inform a project’s unique front-end design phase. The case study demonstrates that as the reliability, range and battery life of tracking technologies improve, their incorporation into a broader range of construction activities provides invaluable data for improvement across projects.

Originality/value

As a live case study, this research offers unique insights into the potential of construction tracking to close the data loop from final site assembly back to the early project design phase, thus driving continual improvement from a holistic perspective.
A new tri-source symmetric cascaded multilevel inverter topology with reduced power components
Authors: Pradeep Jayarama , Vengadakrishnan Krishnakumar , Palani Anbarasan , Sandirasegarane Thamizharasan
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Multilevel inverters become very popular in medium voltage applications owing to their inherent capability of reconciling stepped voltage waveform with reduced harmonic distortion and electromagnetic interference. They have several disadvantages like more number of switching devices required and devices with high voltage blocking and need additional dc sources count to engender particular voltage. So this paper aims to propose a novel tri-source symmetric cascaded multilevel inverter topology with reduced number of switching components and dc sources.

Design/methodology/approach

A novel multilevel inverter has been suggested in this study, offering minimal switch count in the conduction channel for the desired voltage level under symmetric and asymmetric configurations. This novel topology is optimized to prompt enormous output voltage levels by employing constant power switches count and/or dc sources of voltage. The topology claims its advantages in generating higher voltage levels with lesser number of voltage sources, gate drivers and dc voltage sources.

Findings

The consummation of the proposed arrangement is verified in Matlab/Simulink R2015b, and an experimental prototype for 7-level, 13-level, 21-level, 29-level, 25-level and 49-level operation modes is constructed to validate the simulation results.

Originality/value

The proposed topology operated with six new algorithms for asymmetrical configuration to propel increased number of voltage levels with reduced power components.
Productivity and job reallocation: evidence from the Indian manufacturing
Authors: Goswami Diti
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the association between productivity growth and job reallocation in terms of job creation and job destruction. It also finds this productivity employment relationship for heterogeneous labor market institutions of the Indian states.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses longitudinal data of the Annual Survey of Industries of Indian manufacturing from 2009–2010 to 2015–2016 and employs fixed-effect multinomial logistic regression.

Findings

The paper finds a mixed result of total factor productivity (TFP) increase on employment. An increase in TFP is positively associated with employment by reducing the probability of destroying jobs, while adversely associated with employment by reducing the probability of creating jobs. The negative association of the increase in TFP on employment is more in the Indian states with strict labor regulations.

Research limitations/implications

The relationship between TFP and employment can be endogenous. TFP is calculated as output changes that are not explained by inputs, capital and labor. So, job creation/destruction may affect TFP by changing the composition of employment and/or returns on labor/capital. In addition, this study is only restricted to Indian organized manufacturing.

Practical implications

The results from this study help deeply understand the Indian labor market. In particular, it provides valuable insights into the “jobless growth” in Indian manufacturing and the recent changes in labor laws.

Social implications

The findings from this study provide useful information to enhance the robust growth of productive jobs and efficient reallocation of labor.

Originality/value

Unlike most papers, which analyzed the relationship between productivity growth and net employment changes, the present paper finds the relationship between improvement in productivity and job reallocation in terms of simultaneous creation of new jobs and destruction of existing jobs. In addition, the paper links this relationship with the existing heterogeneous labor laws of the Indian states.
Circular economy, cradle to cradle and zero waste frameworks in teacher education for sustainability
Authors: Kowasch Matthias
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Sustainability is a major concern in education policies. This paper aims to describe how alternative economic education including concepts of the circular economy (CE), cradle to cradle (C2C) and zero waste can be addressed by teacher education. The author asks to what extent such alternative concepts contribute to sustainability education and transitions and empower students and future teachers, through fieldtrips.

Design/methodology/approach

Fieldtrips to three extracurricular learning places in Graz (Austria) – a plastic waste disposal facility, an upcycling design atelier and a supermarket without packaging – were organized as part of a university seminar on economy and sustainability. Based on student essays reflecting the fieldtrips, this praxeological paper provides insights on how students perceive awareness-raising and innovative responses to mass consumption, recycling/upcycling and waste prevention issues.

Findings

Including altermatic economic frameworks, such as CE/C2C and zero waste, into teacher education contributes to reflections on the economic growth paradigm and promotes more sustainable futures. In various statements, students highlighted social-ecological change and awareness-raising. They rather focussed on recycling, upcycling and (plastic) packaging than on the problematic eco-efficiency of downcycling.

Originality/value

Alternative economic concepts can be addressed and critically reflected in sustainability education, even if rarely taught. Although the extracurricular learning places described offer partial solution from the perspective of degrowth, they can serve as an eye-opener and promote alternative economic education, where students can share experiences, knowledge and creative ideas to engage in sustainability transitions.
The impact of platform flexibility and controls on platform attractiveness: an empirical study from the seller's perspective
Authors: Pan Meiyu , Huang Rui , Chi Maomao , Hu Shangui
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The e-business platform has become a major driver for economic growth and development. The economic success of an e-marketplace greatly depends on the extent to which buyers and sellers are attracted to enter and actively participate in the e-business platform. Existing literature lacks empirical examination of factors influencing e-business platform attractiveness (EBPA) from a seller's perspective and understudies the interplay between technical and managerial considerations.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the literature on network economy, modular systems theory, control theory and social exchange theory, the paper proposed that platform flexibility and platform control (PC) would affect EBPA through both direct and interaction effects. From a survey of platform sellers, the paper explored the influencing mechanisms of EBPA using hierarchical regression and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to understand the statistical associations and the set relations of the conjunctions and conditions.

Findings

The paper found that platform flexibility (PF), process control and clan control (CC) positively affected EBPA. In addition, the interaction between PF and process control demonstrated a substitution effect on EBPA, and the interaction between PF and CC demonstrated a complementary effect on EBPA. Also, the authors found that the interaction between process control and CC demonstrated a complementary effect on EBPA. fsQCA provided the configurations of causal recipes associated with EBPA.

Originality/value

From a seller's perspective, the paper presents both theoretical explanation and empirical evidence for how design factors (e.g. PF) and governance factors (e.g. process control and CC) may interplay to influence EBPA.
Does development deter crime against women? Panel evidence from India
Authors: Gupta Suhasini , Sahoo Pradeep Kumar , Paltasingh Kirtti Ranjan
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This paper investigates the deterrence effect of development on crime against women in India. Specifically, the authors examine the deterrence effect of the composite development index, i.e. Human Development Index (HDI), along with other variables acting as development indicators such as women’s employment, the relative strength of women in the police force, urbanization, etc., on crimes against women.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a fixed effect within-group (WG) panel regression model and pooled regression model on the data of 28 states over 20 years from 2000 to 2019. For checking the robustness of the results, the authors use the estimation from the system generalized method of moments.

Findings

The results confirm the deterrence effect of development as measured by the HDI and female labor force participation on various crimes against women. In addition, female feticide representing the socio-cultural attitude toward women turned out to be another significant determinant of almost all types of crime against women. Further, the study also finds the deterrence effect of variables such as police expenditure, the relative strength of women in the police force, urbanization and arrest rate on various crimes against women.

Originality/value

This research paper is unique because it tries to examine the deterrence hypothesis of development by taking a composite index of development, i.e. HDI and other variables at the state level in the Indian union.
The interest cost of split-rated municipal bonds before and after Moody's recalibration in 2010
Authors: Benson Earl D. , Marks Barry R.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

In April and May of 2010 Moody's recalibrated its municipal bond ratings to a global scale, the system they use for other asset classes and the same scale used by Standard and Poor's (S&P). The authors investigate the impact of Moody's recalibration on true interest cost (TIC) of competitively-sold, uninsured, new bond issues with split bond ratings, by looking at a sample of bond issues before recalibration (1997–2010) and after recalibration (2010–2017).

Design/methodology/approach

Two different hypotheses are tested for each period to estimate whether TIC remains the same when the S&P rating is higher (H1) than Moody's rating or lower (H2) compared to bond issues for which the S&P and Moody's rating are the same. Further, two additional hypotheses are tested. H3 tests whether the impact of having a higher rating from S&P is the same as having a lower rating from S&P. H4 tests whether the impact of having a split rating is the same in the pre- and post-recalibration period.

Findings

Tests suggest that before recalibration a higher S&P rating leads to significantly lower interest costs, but a lower S&P rating does not lead to significantly higher costs. After recalibration, a higher S&P rating leads to significantly lower interest costs; however, a lower S&P rating leads to significantly higher interest costs for the bonds in the sample. The findings also suggest that the rating systems of Moody's and S&P became more similar to each other after recalibration and that the impact on interest cost of a higher S&P rating is reduced after the recalibration.

Originality/value

It appears that a given Moody's rating (which used higher credit standards in the period before recalibration) was more influential than the S&P rating prior to recalibration because investors “ignored” a lower S&P rating during this period. After recalibration, the lower S&P rating was no longer ignored by investors. Therefore, Moody's recalibration seems to have had the intended effect of moving the credit standards of the two rating agencies more into parity. This provides value to investors since they may now assume, unlike the situation in the pre-recalibration period, that similar ratings from the two companies provide similar information about the probability of default and loss that would occur following a default. From the standpoint of regulators, the municipal credit information is easier to understand and is more transparent for investors.
The disinformation warfare: how users use every means possible in the political battlefield on social media
Authors: Steinfeld Nili
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The study aims to investigate the predictors of engaging in combat against the spread of misinformation and disinformation online, and of actively sharing disinformation by users. The study advances an understanding of user active engagement with disinformation as political participation, especially linked to violent activism, in alignment with the view of disinformation as political weapon.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey of 502 Israeli internet users inquired into respondents' political participation, trust and orientation, definitions and perceptions of “Fake News,” and previous engagement in sharing misinformation disinformation items, combating or intention to combat against the spread of disinformation.

Findings

In addition to identifying predictors for each practice, the findings indicate that sharing and combating against disinformation are closely linked. They are also all directly linked to political participation of various kinds. Most interestingly, working for a political party significantly correlates with knowingly sharing disinformation items, and participating in illegal or violent political activities significantly correlates with knowingly sharing and actively participating in combat against disinformation.

Originality/value

The spread of disinformation online and its implications has received much scholarly as well as public attention in recent years. However, the characteristics of individual users who share or combat against the spread of disinformation online, as forms of political participation, have not been examined. This study fills this gap by inquiring into such practices and the behaviors, perceptions and demographics that predict them.
Cost‐effective models for delivering behaviour analysis teaching in UK schools and local authorities
Authors: McCandless Susan , Hoerger Marguerite
Published: February 2022

Education programmes based on behaviour analysis are often used to teach children with learning disabilities. A common application of behaviour analysis is Early Intensive Behaviour Intervention (EIBI), which is evidence‐based, but most children in the UK do not have access to this approach. EIBI is usually implemented for 30 to 40 hours per week, over two years. High levels of supervision from behaviour analysts are essential to ensure EIBI's effectiveness. A recent cost‐effectiveness study concluded that EIBI was not cost‐effective: while the children make progress relative to treatment as usual, the outcomes did not justify the cost of the intervention. Other low‐cost models of delivery need to be considered. School‐based models used in the UK may provide cost‐effective and sustainable ways to use applied behaviour analysis in schools. They could be used in other local authorities to increase access to an education that includes behaviour analysis.
Complicity in sociology and community‐based participatory research with Marshallese
Authors: McElfish Pearl A. , Purvis Rachel S. , Riklon Sheldon , Willis Don E.
Published: February 2022

Complicity with colonialism can be reflected in a particular approach to research, whose interests it serves, and who has power or ownership over the research process. It can also be reflected in neglect, inaction or methodological erasure of groups historically subjected to domination by colonial empires. Social scientists have often failed to account for colonialism's role or the complicit role they have played. We provide a brief historical overview of colonialism in the Marshall Islands and the role social scientists—and their methodological and epistemological approaches—played in the US empire's expansion into the region. We discuss the tenets of Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR), setting the research agenda, co‐direction of the research process, research team membership, collaboration challenges, and the action and outputs which have come from our team's health disparities research among the largest Marshallese population in the continental US. We argue CBPR is a promising but imperfect approach to guarding against complicity within medical sociology and situate our methodological approach within ongoing debates regarding objectivity and advocacy within sociology. We reflect on successes and shortcomings of our CBPR efforts to address health disparities among Marshallese, as well as how those successes and shortcomings overlap with questions of complicity.
The Effect of Discontinuous and Unpredictable Environmental Change on Management Accounting During Organizational Crisis: A Field Study*
Authors: Hayne Christie
Published: February 2022

This study investigates whether and how organizations change their use of management accounting during crisis. The study is important because organizations regularly face significant challenges such as crisis during which the role of management accounting is not well understood. Based on interviews and observation in five private sector organizations and one in the public sector, I find that executives in organizations facing crisis due to a discontinuous and unpredictable environmental change leverage management accounting during the crisis. In contrast, executives in organizations facing crisis due to a continuous and predictable environmental change question the truth and value of their management accounting practices and, as a result, do not change their use of management accounting to manage the crisis. For those organizations that do leverage management accounting, I rely on conceptual and empirical insights from the literature examining the decision‐facilitating role of informal management accounting to examine how they adapt or develop new management accounting tools and practices to manage crisis. I find that executives first engage in a comprehensive review of their management accounting systems and reports to convince themselves that they can be relied on. Following this process, they leverage accounting to understand the past, develop metrics intended to reach all employees, and institute various forms of accountability to support the management of crisis. The use of these informal management accounting tools and practices enables organizations to develop a new language for understanding and managing crisis. The primary contribution of my study is that it conceptualizes and theorizes informal management accounting tools and practices as a mechanism that facilitates response to crisis. These tools and practices are low‐cost and easy to implement, which are favorable given the challenges associated with crisis.
Racial and ethnic differences in low‐value pediatric emergency care
Authors: Li Joyce , Ramgopal Sriram , Marin Jennifer R.
Published: February 2022

Background

Disparities in health care quality frequently focus on underuse. We evaluated racial/ethnic differences in low‐value services delivered in the pediatric emergency department (ED).

Methods

We performed a retrospective cross‐sectional study of low‐value services in children discharged from 39 pediatric EDs from January 2018 to December 2019 using the Pediatric Hospital Information System. Our primary outcome was receipt of one of 12 low‐value services across nine conditions, including chest radiography in asthma and bronchiolitis; beta‐agonist and corticosteroids in bronchiolitis; laboratory testing and neuroimaging in febrile seizure; neuroimaging in afebrile seizure; head injury and headache; and any imaging in sinusitis, constipation, and facial trauma. We analyzed the association of race/ethnicity on receipt of low‐value services using generalized linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, weekend, hour of presentation, payment, year, household income, and distance from hospital.

Results

We included 4,676,802 patients. Compared with non‐Hispanic White (NHW) patients, non‐Hispanic Black (NHB) and Hispanic patients had lower adjusted odds (aOR [95% confidence interval]) of receiving imaging for asthma (0.60 [0.56 to 0.63] NHB; 0.84 [0.79 to 0.89] Hispanic), bronchiolitis (0.84 [0.79 to 0.89] NHB; 0.93 [0.88 to 0.99] Hispanic), head injury (0.84 [0.80 to 0.88] NHB; 0.80 [0.76 to 0.84] Hispanic), headache (0.67 [0.63 to 0.72] NHB; 0.83 [0.78 to 0.88] Hispanic), and constipation (0.71 [0.67 to 0.74] NHB; 0.76 [0.72 to 0.80] Hispanic). NHB patients had lower odds (95% CI) of receiving imaging for afebrile seizures (0.89 [0.8 to 1.0]) and facial trauma (0.69 [0.60 to 0.80]). Hispanic patients had lower odds (95% CI) of imaging (0.57 [0.36 to 0.90]) and blood testing (0.82 [0.69 to 0.98]) for febrile seizures. NHB patients had higher odds (95% CI) of receiving steroids (1.11 [1.00 to 1.21]) and beta‐agonists (1.38 [1.24 to 1.54]) for bronchiolitis compared with NHW patients.

Conclusions

NHW patients more frequently receive low‐value imaging while NHB patients more frequently receive low‐value medications for bronchiolitis. Our study demonstrates the differences in care across race and ethnicity extend to many services, including those of low value. These findings highlight the importance of greater understanding of the complex interaction of race and ethnicity with clinical practice.
Management and implications of severe COVID‐19 in pregnancy in the UK: data from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System national cohort
Authors: Vousden Nicola , Ramakrishnan Rema , Bunch Kathryn , Morris Edward , Simpson Nigel , Gale Christopher , O’Brien Pat , Quigley Maria , Brocklehurst Peter , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Knight Marian
Published: February 2022

Introduction

There is a lack of population level data on risk factors and impact of severe COVID‐19 in pregnancy. The aims of this study were to determine the characteristics, and maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with severe COVID‐19 in pregnancy compared with those with mild and moderate COVID‐19 and to explore the impact of timing of birth.

Material and methods

This was a secondary analysis of a national, prospective cohort study. All pregnant women admitted to hospital in the UK with symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 from March 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021 were included. The severity of maternal infection (need for high flow or invasive ventilation, intensive care admission or died), pregnancy and perinatal outcomes, and the impact of timing of birth were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Of 4436 pregnant women, 13.9% (n = 616) had severe infection. Women with severe infection were more likely to be aged ≥30 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] aged 30–39 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–1.83), be overweight or obese (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.34–2.25 and aOR 2.52 95% CI 1.97–3.23, respectively), be of mixed ethnicity (aOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.17–3.21) or have gestational diabetes (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.09–1.87) compared with those with mild or moderate infection. Women with severe infection were more likely to have a pre‐labor cesarean birth (aOR 8.84, 95% CI 6.61–11.83), a very or extreme preterm birth (28–31+ weeks’ gestation, aOR 18.97, 95% CI 7.78–14.85; <28 weeks’ gestation, aOR 12.35, 95% CI 6.34–24.05) and their babies were more likely to be stillborn (aOR 2.51, 95% CI 1.35–4.66) or admitted to a neonatal unit (aOR 11.61, 95% CI 9.28–14.52). Of 112 women with severe infection who were discharged and gave birth at a later admission, the majority gave birth ≥36 weeks (85.7%), noting that three women in this group (2.7%) had a stillbirth.

Conclusions

Severe COVID‐19 in pregnancy increases the risk of adverse outcomes. Information to promote uptake of vaccination should specifically target those at greatest risk of severe outcomes. Decisions about timing of birth should be informed by multidisciplinary team discussion; however, our data suggest that women with severe infection who do not require early delivery have mostly good outcomes but that those with severe infection at term may warrant rapid delivery.
Sleep problems reduced from 6 to 24 months of age with no evidence of links between disturbed sleep and later developmental problems
Authors: Valla Lisbeth , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Slinning Kari
Published: February 2022

Aim

Sleep is essential for infant development. We assessed the prevalence of sleep problems in infants at 6, 12 and 24 months, investigated the relationship between infants’ sleep problems and development, and determined to what extent sleep problems at 6 months were related to changes in the developmental course.

Methods

Infant sleep problems were measured by a parent‐reported sleep questionnaire. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires were used to measure developmental skills in a sample of 1555 infants recruited from 9 well‐baby clinics in Norway. ASQ scores were compared between infants with and without sleep problems by using two‐sample t‐tests. The relationship between infant sleep problems at 6 months and changes in Ages and Stages Questionnaires scores over time was investigated using linear mixed‐effects models.

Results

The prevalence of infant sleep problems were 14.6% at 6 months, 7.4% at 12 months and 3.3% at 24 months. There was no clear evidence of differences in ASQ or ASQ:SE scores by sleep problems from 6 to 24 months, but communication and problem‐solving scores for infants with sleep problems increased faster.

Conclusion

Prevalence of sleep problems decreased with age. There was no clear evidence of early sleep disturbance and later development problems.
Ribosome accumulation during early phase resistance training in humans
Authors: Hammarström Daniel , Øfsteng Sjur J. , Jacobsen Nicolai B. , Flobergseter Krister B. , Rønnestad Bent R. , Ellefsen Stian
Published: February 2022

Aim

To describe ribosome biogenesis during resistance training, its relation to training volume and muscle growth.

Methods

A training group (n = 11) performed 12 sessions (3‐4 sessions per week) of unilateral knee extension with constant and variable volume (6 and 3‐9 sets per session respectively) allocated to either leg. Ribosome abundance and biogenesis markers were assessed from vastus lateralis biopsies obtained at baseline, 48 hours after sessions 1, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 12, and after eight days of de‐training, and from a control group (n = 8). Muscle thickness was measured before and after the intervention.

Results

Training led to muscle growth (3.9% over baseline values, 95% CrI: [0.2, 7.5] vs. control) with concomitant increases in total RNA, ribosomal RNA, upstream binding factor (UBF) and ribosomal protein S6 with no differences between volume conditions. Total RNA increased rapidly in response to the first four sessions (8.6% [5.6, 11.7] per session), followed by a plateau and peak values after session 8 (49.5% [34.5, 66.5] above baseline). Total RNA abundance was associated with UBF protein levels (5.0% [0.2, 10.2] per unit UBF), and the rate of increase in total RNA levels predicted hypertrophy (0.3 mm [0.1, 0.4] per %‐point increase in total RNA per session). After de‐training, total RNA decreased (−19.3% [−29.0, −8.1]) without muscle mass changes indicating halted biosynthesis of ribosomes.

Conclusion

Ribosomes accumulate in the initial phase of resistance training with abundances sensitive to training cessation and associated with UBF protein levels. The average accumulation rate predicts muscle training‐induced hypertrophy.
Comparative safety and efficacy of paracetamol versus non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents in neonates with patent ductus arteriosus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Katsaras Dimitrios N. , Katsaras Georgios N. , Chatziravdeli Vasiliki I. , Papavasileiou Garyfalia N. , Touloupaki Maria , Mitsiakos Georgios , Doxani Chrysoula , Stefanidis Ioannis , Dardiotis Efthimios
Published: February 2022

Aim

Ibuprofen and indomethacin are the preferred drug treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates. The comparative safety and efficacy of paracetamol as an alternative has not yet been well established. The aim of our study was to define the comparative efficacy and safety of paracetamol versus ibuprofen and indomethacin for PDA.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases on randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and/or the safety of paracetamol versus ibuprofen and/or indomethacin and meta‐analysed the available data.

Results

There were 1718 neonates from 20 eligible studies. Paracetamol did not differ from ibuprofen or indomethacin regarding the primary (odds ratio [OR]: 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–1.26,P‐value: 0.650, when compared to ibuprofen, and OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.20–3.02,P‐value: 0.716, when compared to indomethacin) and overall (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.82–1.66,P‐value: 0.394, when compared to ibuprofen, and OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.58–2.15,P‐value: 0.733, when compared to indomethacin) PDA closure rates. Paracetamol resulted in significantly reduced risk of oliguria and a tendency towards less gastrointestinal bleeding.

Conclusion

There was no significant difference between paracetamol and ibuprofen or indomethacin in the PDA closure rates. However, paracetamol caused fewer adverse effects.
Use of advanced neuroimaging and artificial intelligence in meningiomas
Authors: Galldiks Norbert , Angenstein Frank , Werner Jan‐Michael , Bauer Elena K. , Gutsche Robin , Fink Gereon R. , Langen Karl‐Josef , Lohmann Philipp
Published: February 2022

Anatomical cross‐sectional imaging methods such as contrast‐enhanced MRI and CT are the standard for the delineation, treatment planning, and follow‐up of patients with meningioma. Besides, advanced neuroimaging is increasingly used to non‐invasively provide detailed insights into the molecular and metabolic features of meningiomas. These techniques are usually based on MRI, e.g., perfusion‐weighted imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging, MR spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography. Furthermore, artificial intelligence methods such as radiomics offer the potential to extract quantitative imaging features from routinely acquired anatomical MRI and CT scans and advanced imaging techniques. This allows the linking of imaging phenotypes to meningioma characteristics, e.g., the molecular‐genetic profile. Here, we review several diagnostic applications and future directions of these advanced neuroimaging techniques, including radiomics in preclinical models and patients with meningioma.
Spatial variation in bicycling risk based on crowdsourced safety data
Authors: Fischer Jaimy , Sersli Stephanie , Nelson Trisalyn , Yu Hanchen , Laberee Karen , Zanotto Moreno , Winters Meghan
Published: February 2022

Bicycling‐related injury data are difficult to obtain from official reports, which capture only about 20% of crashes and often lack coordinates, injury outcomes, and narratives needed for understanding where and why incidents occurred. Crowdsourced data on bicycling safety provides new opportunities for the study of bicycling injury and risk. Our goal was to quantify factors that influence the spatial variation in unsafe bicycling across a city, based on self‐reports of bicycling incidents. To meet this goal, we leveraged BikeMaps.org, a global tool for reporting bicycling safety incidents, drawing on data from Metro Vancouver. We summarized incident conditions that led to injury, developed a model to identify predictors of injury using random forest regression, and mapped bicycling incident hot spots. Our results demonstrate that injuries from bicycling incidents are associated with older and younger bicyclists, downhill slopes, parked cars, recreation and weekend rides, falls, and single bicycle incidents with infrastructure, roads, and railroads. The broad range of incidents reported to BikeMaps.org allows us to add evidence that falls and single bicycle collisions are major causes of injury. Also, we demonstrate the value of attributing safety hot spots with contextual details to identify infrastructure interventions that can reduce injury for bicyclists.
Aire ouverte Laval : Défis et premières leçons d’une histoire de cocréation en santé mentale jeunesse
Authors: Bentayeb Naïma , Weiss Benjamin , Ziani Melissa , Goyette Martin
Published: February 2022

Sommaire

Cet article vise à mettre en lumière les leviers et les obstacles à la cocréation rencontrés au tout début de la mise en œuvre d’un projet de démonstration en santé mentale jeunesse au Québec, dans un contexte où les réseaux de services intégrés jeunesse sont en plein essor. À l’aide d’une méthodologie qualitative, nous décrivons le rôle des différentes parties prenantes impliquées (partenaires communautaires, intervenants, jeunes), de manière à faire ressortir les enjeux de cocréation auxquels les acteurs ont été confrontés entre les phases de conception et de mise en œuvre. Nous faisons état d’une évaluation formative et développementale, toujours en cours. En ce sens, cet article tente de clarifier des apprentissages sur le processus de cocréation de l’action publique.
Microbiota of the first‐pass meconium and subsequent atopic and allergic disorders in children
Authors: Kielenniva Katja , Ainonen Sofia , Vänni Petri , Paalanne Niko , Renko Marjo , Salo Jarmo , Tejesvi Mysore V. , Pokka Tytti , Pirttilä Anna Maria , Tapiainen Terhi
Published: February 2022

Background

Some cohort studies have suggested that gut microbiota composition is associated with allergic diseases in children. The microbiota of the first‐pass meconium, which forms before birth, represents the first gut microbiota that is easily available for research and little is known about any relationship with allergic disease development.

Objective

We investigated whether the bacterial composition of the first‐pass meconium is associated with the development of allergic diseases before 4 years of age.

Methods

Prospective birth cohort study. Bacterial composition of first‐pass meconium was analysed using bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Atopic and allergic diseases were evaluated via online survey or telephone to age 4 years, based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire.

Results

During a 6‐week period in 2014, 312 children were born at the Central Finland Central Hospital. Meconium was collected from 212 at a mean of 8‐hour age. Outcome data at 4 years were available for 177 (83%) children, and 159 of these had sufficient amplification of bacterial DNA in meconium. Meconium microbiota composition, including diversity indices and relative abundances of the main phyla and genera, was not associated with subsequent atopic eczema, wheezing or cow's milk allergy. Principal components analysis did not identify any clustering of the meconium microbiomes of children with respect to wheezing or cow's milk allergy.

Conclusions

We found no evidence that gut microbiota composition of first‐pass meconium is associated with atopic manifestations to age 4 years. However, larger studies are needed to fully exclude a relationship.
Characterization of rapid weight gain phenotype in children with narcolepsy
Authors: Zhang Min , Thieux Marine , Inocente Clara Odilia , Vieux Noemie , Arvis Laura , Villanueva Carine , Lin Jian‐Sheng , Plancoulaine Sabine , Guyon Aurore , Franco Patricia
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To characterize the rapid weight gain (RWG) phenotype associated with the onset of childhood narcolepsy and to determine whether it could constitute a marker of severity of the disease.

Methods

RWG was defined using the BMI z‐score slope reported to one year (>0.67 SD) from symptom onset to disease diagnosis. We compared the clinical, metabolic, and sleep characteristics between patients with or without RWG at diagnosis. Pharmacological management, anthropometric, and clinical progression were also evaluated during the follow‐up.

Results

A total of 84 de novo narcoleptic pediatric patients were included; their median age at diagnosis was 12.0 years; 59.5% boys, 90.5% cataplexy, and 98.7% HLA‐DQB1*06:02, 57% had RWG profile. RWG patients were younger at diagnosis than non‐RWG patients, despite a shorter diagnostic delay. They had a higher BMI z‐score and a higher prevalence of obesity at diagnosis, but not at symptom onset, and higher adapted Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Insomnia Severity Index scores than non‐RWG patients. No differences on nocturnal polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests were found between groups at disease diagnosis. After a median follow‐up of 5 years, RWG patients still had a higher BMI z‐score and a higher prevalence of obesity despite benefiting from the same therapeutic management and displaying improvement in sleepiness and school difficulties.

Conclusions

Narcoleptic RWG patients were younger, sleepier, and the prevalence of obesity was higher at diagnosis despite a shorter diagnostic delay than that of non‐RWG patients. These patients had also a higher risk of developing a long‐term obesity, despite a positive progression of their narcoleptic symptoms. RGW could then represent a maker of a more severe phenotype of childhood narcolepsy, which should inspire a prompt and more offensive management to prevent obesity and its complications.
Impact of multiple small and persistent threats on extinction risk
Authors: Kimmel Kaitlin , Clark Michael , Tilman David
Published: February 2022

Many species may face multiple distinct and persistent drivers of extinction risk, yet theoretical and empirical studies tend to focus on the single largest driver. This means that existing approaches potentially underestimate and mischaracterize future risks to biodiversity. We synthesized existing knowledge on how multiple drivers of extinction can interact to influence a species’ overall extinction probability in a probabilistic model of extinction risk that incorporated the impacts of multiple drivers of extinction risk, their interactions, and their accumulative effects through time. We then used this model framework to explore how different threats, interactions between them, and time trends may affect a species’ overall extinction probability. Multiple small threats together had potential to pose a large cumulative extinction risk; for example, 10 individual threats posed a 1% extinction risk each and cumulatively posed a 9.7% total extinction risk. Interactions among drivers resulted in escalated risk in some cases, and persistent threats with a small (1%) extinction risk each decade ultimately posed large extinction risk over 100 (9.6% total extinction risk) to 200 years (18.2% total extinction risk). By estimating long‐term extinction risk posed by several different factors and their interactions, this approach provides a framework to identify drivers of extinction risk that could be proactively targeted to help prevent species currently of least concern from becoming threatened with extinction.
An emerging coastal wetland management dilemma between mangrove expansion and shorebird conservation
Authors: Choi Chi‐Yeung , Xiao Hui , Jia Mingming , Jackson Micha V. , Lai Yi‐Chien , Murray Nicholas J. , Gibson Luke , Fuller Richard A.
Published: February 2022

Coastal wetlands around the world have been degraded by human activities. Global declines in the extent of important coastal wetlands, including mangroves, salt marshes, and tidal flats, necessitate mitigation and restoration efforts. However, some well‐meaning management actions, particularly mangrove afforestation, can inadvertently cause further loss and degradation of other habitats if these actions are not planned carefully. In particular, there is a potential conflict between mangrove and shorebird conservation because mangrove afforestation and restoration may occur at the expense of bare tidal flats, which form the main foraging habitats for threatened shorebirds and support other coastal organisms. We examined several case studies that illustrate the trade‐off between mangrove restoration and bare tidal flat maintenance. To investigate whether these examples reflect an emerging broad‐scale problem, we used satellite imagery to quantify the change in mangrove habitat extent in 22 important shorebird areas in mainland China from 2000 to 2015.The extent of tidal flat across all sites declined significantly (p < 0.01, n = 22) while among sites with mangroves present, the extent of mangroves expanded significantly (p < 0.01, n = 14). Our results suggest mangrove expansion and tidal flat loss have considerably reduced shorebird habitat in 8 of these sites. To improve the overall conservation outcome, we devised a decision tree for addressing the dilemma. Important factors to consider include whether the area of interest is of importance to shorebirds and what the potential impacts of mangrove expansion are; what the value of the proposed mangrove ecosystem is compared with the existing ecosystem; and that a conflict‐resolution process will be needed if the choices are very similar. With careful consideration of alternative management strategies, decision makers can ensure that the conservation of mangroves does not imperil migratory shorebirds.
Confucian culture and executive compensation: Evidence from China
Authors: Jin Zhi , Li Yubin , Liang Shangkun
Published: February 2022

Research Question/Issue

This study investigates how traditional Confucian culture affects executive compensation from three dimensions: CEO compensation level, CEO pay gap (the pay gap between CEO and other management members), and the gender pay gap.

Research Findings/Insights

We find that firms' exposure to stronger Confucianism is associated with less CEO compensation, a smaller CEO pay gap, and a larger gender pay gap in China. These findings are consistent with the core values of moderatism, collectivism, and patriarchalism rooted in the Confucian culture. Our findings are robust to different firms' exposure to Confucian culture measures. Endogeneity concerns are further addressed with a subsample of firms that experienced headquarters relocation. Cross‐sectional analyses show that the influence of traditional Confucian culture is more pronounced for firms facing less industry competition, owned by the state, or with a higher concentration of power. Additional analyses show that the Confucian culture also reduces the CEO's pay‐for‐performance sensitivity, weakens pay incentives, and leads to lower firm risk‐taking; however, it also mitigates firm agency problems by reducing firm earnings management and managerial perk consumption. The combination of these positive and negative effects reduces the firm's overall value.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

This study expands our understanding of the role of informal institutions in corporate behavior. Corporate governance is embedded in the market's formal institutions, which, in turn, are embedded in local informal institutions. Academically, our study suggests further corporate governance research on informal institutions, especially in emerging markets where institutional development is not yet complete and informal institutions play a particularly important role.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

This study could help practitioners better understand the business culture and compensation contract design in Confucian nations. It also suggests that policymakers consider the effect of informal institutions when designing formal institutions.