bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic shear rheology and wall-slip of viscoelastic fluids using holography-based flow kinematics
Authors: Gupta Siddhartha , Vanapalli Siva A.
Published: January 2020

In this study, we report microfluidic shear rheology and wall-slip using the 3D-resolved flow kinematics obtained from digital holography microscopy (DHM). We computationally reconstruct the recorded holograms to visualize the tracer imbued flow volume in linear microchannels, followed by the implementation of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) to quantitate spatially resolved velocity fields in 3D. In order to select optimal parameters for DHM-PTV characterization of viscoelastic fluids, we studied the effect of the hologram recording distance, seeding density, and particle size. Using the optimal parameters, we show quantitative characterization of the shear rheology from the velocity fields without any a priori assumptions of wall boundary conditions or constitutive equation. The viscosity vs shear rate data for Newtonian and polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions could be measured in the range of ≈0.05 to 20 000 s−1 with just three input pressures using sample volumes as low as 20 µl. These data from holographic shear rheometry were found to be in good agreement with computational fluid dynamics simulations and macrorheometry. With respect to the wall-slip, we find that highly viscoelastic PEO solutions can show slip lengths in the order of few microns. Finally, we discuss holographic visualization of particle migration in microfluidic flows, which can limit flow field access, whereas at the same time provide a fingerprint of the suspending fluid rheology.
Engaging with Australian industry: CSIRO in the late twentieth century
Authors: Upstill Garrett , Spurling Thomas H.
Published: January 2020

The increased engagement of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) with Australian industry from the early 1980s to the late 1990s marks it as an unusual era for CSIRO. The reasons lie in CSIRO’s response to the economic and political background of the time and to government moves to reinvigorate the industrial sector. By the end of the century, external pressures for industry engagement had receded as macroeconomic conditions improved and Australian industry diversified. The engagement can be seen in the growth of direct contacts between CSIRO and research users and Australian companies that occurred across the organisation. This paper analyses CSIRO’s technology transfer policies and practices within an economic and political context and addresses two questions: why did the organisation’s approach to technology transfer change and how? We look at three mini-eras in the 1980s and 1990s and draw out major changes in technology transfer during these two decades.
An evolutionary switch from sibling rivalry to sibling cooperation, caused by a sustained loss of parental care
Authors: Rebar Darren , Bailey Nathan W. , Jarrett Benjamin J. M. , Kilner Rebecca M.
Published: January 2020

Significance

The evolution of sibling rivalry is a classic problem in behavioral ecology. Our approach of observing the experimental evolution of sibling interactions in real time reveals three key insights. First, when parents provide parental care, siblings evolve to compete. Parental care compensates for the costs of sibling rivalry. Second, when parents do not supply care, siblings evolve to cooperate. Sibling cooperation compensates for the loss of parental care. Third, rapid evolutionary switching between sibling rivalry and sibling cooperation is possible because siblings induce greater levels of rivalry (or cooperation) in each other. This generates positive evolutionary feedback, rapidly locking larvae into evolving greater levels of competition (or cooperation) in the presence (or absence) of parental care.
Precise CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the NHE1 gene renders chickens resistant to the J subgroup of avian leukosis virus
Authors: Koslová Anna , Trefil Pavel , Mucksová Jitka , Reinišová Markéta , Plachý Jiří , Kalina Jiří , Kučerová Dana , Geryk Josef , Krchlíková Veronika , Lejčková Barbora , Hejnar Jiří
Published: January 2020

Significance

The current progress of genome editing techniques accelerates the knock-out and knock-in studies in animal models and production of genetic modifications in livestock. Increased resistance to viral pathogens is a particular goal because many monogenic host cell factors are necessary for productive infection and pathogenesis. For example, virus receptors with their specific virus binding sites are direct targets for the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. We introduced a single amino acid deletion into the gene encoding the receptor that is required for avian leukosis virus subgroup J to infect chicken cells. Here, we demonstrate that this mutation confers the resistance of chickens to avian leukosis virus subgroup J, an important pathogen in poultry. In addition, we present highly efficient genome-editing technology in chicken.
Small-molecule targeted recruitment of a nuclease to cleave an oncogenic RNA in a mouse model of metastatic cancer
Authors: Costales Matthew G. , Aikawa Haruo , Li Yue , Childs-Disney Jessica L. , Abegg Daniel , Hoch Dominic G. , Pradeep Velagapudi Sai , Nakai Yoshio , Khan Tanya , Wang Kye Won , Yildirim Ilyas , Adibekian Alexander , Wang Eric T. , Disney Matthew D.
Published: January 2020

As the area of small molecules interacting with RNA advances, general routes to provide bioactive compounds are needed as ligands can bind RNA avidly to sites that will not affect function. Small-molecule targeted RNA degradation will thus provide a general route to affect RNA biology. A non–oligonucleotide-containing compound was designed from sequence to target the precursor to oncogenic microRNA-21 (pre–miR-21) for enzymatic destruction with selectivity that can exceed that for protein-targeted medicines. The compound specifically binds the target and contains a heterocycle that recruits and activates a ribonuclease to pre–miR-21 to substoichiometrically effect its cleavage and subsequently impede metastasis of breast cancer to lung in a mouse model. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses demonstrate that the compound is potent and selective, specifically modulating oncogenic pathways. Thus, small molecules can be designed from sequence to have all of the functional repertoire of oligonucleotides, including inducing enzymatic degradation, and to selectively and potently modulate RNA function in vivo.
Novel method for l-methionine determination using l-methionine decarboxylase and application of the enzyme for l-homocysteine determination
Authors: Okawa Atsushi , Hayashi Masaya , Inagaki Junko , Okajima Toshihide , Tamura Takashi , Inagaki Kenji
Published: January 2020

For many years, clinical studies have suggested that blood levels of l-methionine and L-homocysteine correlate with health status or homocystinuria/hypermethioninemia. l-Methionine in a solution containing 0%, 10%, or 20% human serum was detected in 10–200 µM using l-methionine decarboxylase (MetDC). Spike and recovery tests showed that the enzymatic assay could accurately and reproducibly determine the increases in l-methionine in serum samples. These results suggest that our enzymatic method using MetDC is useful for primary screening of hypermethioninemia or homocystinuria based on serum l-methionine concentration. Additionally, we confirmed that l-methionine (100 nmol) in solution was degraded to less than the detection limit by incubation at 37ºC for 10 min using 2 U of MetDC. Therefore, l-homocysteine in serum samples can be detected with equivalent sensitivity using l-methionine γ-lyase (MGL), in solutions that either did not contain l-methionine or contained l-methionine preincubated with MetDC.

Abbreviations

DTT: dithiothreitol; IPTG: isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside; KPB: potassium phosphate buffer; MBTH: 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinonehydrazone; mdc: the gene coding l-methionine decarboxylase; MetDC: l-methionine decarboxylase; mgl: the gene coding l-methionine γ-lyase; MGL: l-methionine γ-lyase; PLP: pyridoxal 5ʹ-phosphate
Mental Health Difficulties of Incarcerated Women: The Influence of Childhood and Adulthood Victimization
Authors: Casey Rachel C. , Bentley Kia J. , McDonald Shelby E.
Published: January 2020

With the aim of identifying avenues for targeted implementation of trauma-informed care in correctional contexts, this study engaged in a secondary data analysis to examine comorbidity patterns in the mental health difficulties of incarcerated women. Latent class analysis was conducted using nine indicators of mental health, and indicated the sample (N = 2553) was best represented by four patterns of mental health functioning: serious mental illness (8.7%); mood and drug use disorders (30.3%); substance use only (11.7%); and no/low mental health concerns (49.4%). Multinomial logistic regression indicated that sexual and physical victimization in childhood were important in distinguishing between the classes. These findings support the increased use of trauma-informed approaches to mental health treatment for incarcerated women.
Direct printing of sub-30

μ

m liquid metal patterns on three-dimensional surfaces for stretchable electronics
Authors: Shin Gyowook , Jeon Byungjun , Park Yong-Lae
Published: January 2020

In this study, a liquid metal is directly printed on various types of surfaces using an automated dispensing system. A particular class of liquid metals called eutectic gallium–indium (Ga: 75.5% In: 24.5% by weight ratio) was chosen and printed on flat, inclined (20°, 30°, 40°, and 50°), and curved (

  =  0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 mm−1) surfaces. The inner diameter of the dispenser nozzle, the distance between the nozzle tip and the surface of the substrate, turned out to be the crucial parameters that determine the performance of printing, based on the experimental evaluation of the relationship between the trace width and the parameters. We were able to control the trace width under 200

m as small as 22

m by adjusting the parameters we tested. To the best of our knowledge, an EGaIn trace 22

m in width is the smallest one achieved by direct printing of a liquid metal on three-dimensional (3D) surfaces. Also, we were able to print not only straight lines but also curved patterns, such as spiral shapes. This will lead to the miniaturization of stretchable electronics with any pattern shapes consisting of straight lines and curves. As an example of applications of the proposed method, a micro-scale pressure sensor with a spiral trace pattern was fabricated, and its performance was evaluated with loading and unloading tests. Another application of the proposed method includes direct printing of stretchable electronics on surfaces with arbitrary shapes and curvatures. It was demonstrated with a seven-segment display circuit and soft sensors printed on a mannequin hand. We believe the proposed method and its applications will open a new space in development of soft electronics and robots.
A high transmittance and fast response in-plane switching liquid crystal display with the zero-azimuth anchoring layers on the electrodes
Authors: Sato Osamu , Okuno Harumi , Adachi Isao , Goto Kohei , Noda Takahiro , Tsutsui Kimiaki
Published: January 2020

An in-plane switching (IPS) liquid crystal display (LCD) containing the zero-azimuth anchoring layers formed only on the electrodes and rubbed polyimide (PI) covered on the other areas was successfully developed. This configuration was realized using photoreactive PI with photo-radical generation units and the mask exposure technique. The maximum transmittance (T
max) of this LCD was 1.12 times higher than that of a conventional IPS LCD. This was attributed to a large aperture in the voltage-on state because the nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) on the electrodes were barely anchored to the surface, such that the NLCs could be rotated by applying a small in-plane electric field above the electrodes, and by an elastic torque caused by the twisted NLCs between the electrodes. Furthermore, the response times of this LCD were equivalent to those of a conventional IPS LCD because the NLCs between the electrodes quickly recovered to their initial orientation after removing the electric field, and the NLCs on the electrodes followed this movement. This novel LCD is termed a ‘partially zero-azimuth anchoring IPS (PZ-IPS) LCD’, which is the first practical LCD utilizing these weak anchoring characteristics in the history of LCDs.
Lattice dynamics of twisted ZnO nanowires under generalized Born–von Karman boundary conditions
Authors: Liu Zhao , Yam Chi-Yung , Gao Shiwu , Sun Tao , Zhang Dong-Bo
Published: January 2020

Due to their excellent structural flexibility, low dimensional materials allow to modulate their properties by strain engineering. In this work, we illustrate the phonon calculation of deformed quasi-one dimensional nanostructures involving inhomogeneous strain patterns. The key is to employ the generalized Born–von Karman boundary conditions, where the phonon states are characterized with screw and rotational symmetries. We use wurtzite ZnO nanowire (NW) as a representative to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the present approach. First, we show the equivalence between the phonon dispersions obtained with this approach and that obtained with standard phonon approach. Next, as an application of the present approach, we study the phonon responses of ZnO NWs to twisting deformation. We find that twisting has more influence on the phonon modes resided in the NW shell than those resided around the NW core. For phonon at the NW shell, the modes polarized along the NW axis is more sensitive to twisting than those polarized in the NW radial dimension. Twisting also induces significant reduction in group velocities for a large portion of optical modes, hinting a non-negligible impact on the lattice thermal conductivity. The present approach may be useful to study the strain-tunable thermal properties of quasi-one dimensional materials.
Geometrical self-testing of partially entangled two-qubit states
Authors: Ishizaka Satoshi
Published: January 2020

Quantum nonlocality has recently been intensively studied in connection to device-independent quantum information processing, where the extremal points of the set of quantum correlations play a crucial role through self-testing. In most protocols, the proofs for self-testing rely on the maximal violation of the Bell inequalities, but there is another known proof based on the geometry of state vectors to self-test a maximally entangled state. We present a geometrical proof in the case of partially entangled states. We show that, when a set of correlators in the simplest Bell scenario satisfies a condition, the geometry of the state vectors is uniquely determined. The realization becomes self-testable when another unitary observable exists on the geometry. Applying this proven fact, we propose self-testing protocols by intentionally adding one more measurement. This geometrical scheme for self-testing is superior in that, by using this as a building block and repeatedly adding measurements, a realization with an arbitrary number of measurements can be self-tested. Besides the application, we also attempt to describe nonlocal correlations by guessing probabilities of distant measurement outcomes. In this description, the quantum set is also convex, and a large class of extremal points is identified by the uniqueness of the geometry.
The Potential Use of Salted Marine By-Catches and Fish Viscera Meal Mixture as A Replacement for Conventional Fishmeal in the Diet of Indonesian River Catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus)
Authors: Hasan B , Iriani D , Leksono T , Suharman I , Suzanti F
Published: January 2020

The research was conducted to investigate the substitution effect of dietary salted marine by-catches and fish viscera meal mixtures for conventional fishmeal on physicochemical and sensory quality of Indonesian river catfish. Four experimental diets containing 34% crude protein and 3.20 kcal g−1 digestible energy were formulated. A control diet (FM) contains 54% fishmeal and no salted marine bycatch - fish viscera mixture (SMBFVM). In the other diets, the fishmeal was reduced and proportionally replaced with SMBFVM, 50% (SMBFVM-50), 75% (SMBFVM-75) and 100% (SMBFVM-100). A commercial diet (CD) containing 32 % crude protein and 2,94 kcal g−1 digestible energy was used as the reference. Feeding trial was performed with 1500 fish (4.79±0.38 g in weight) which was distributed in 2x2x1.5 m triplicate net cages, and the fish was fed the experimental diets at satiation twice daily at 07:00 AM and 05:00 PM for 8 weeks. There was no substitution effect of fishmeal by SMBFVM on the survival rate of the fish (P>0.05). Substitution of fishmeal by SMBFVM in the diet up to 75% (SMBFVM-75) increased weight gain, specific growth rate, food efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention (p<0,05) better than control diet; and complete substitution of fishmeal with SMBFVM (SMBFVM-100) gave similar growth performance to control diet (P>0.05). Total replacement of fishmeal with SMBFVM in the diets also gave comparable body fish proximate and amino acid profile to control diet. Compared to CD, fish fed SMBFVM diets had similar growth performance, body proximate, and amino acid profile. The SMBFVM, therefore, could completely replace conventional fishmeal in the diet for Indonesian river catfish without negative effects on fish growth, body proximate, and amino acid profile.
Nutritional Characteristics of Protein Isolated from Snakehead (Channa striata) Using the pH-Shift Method
Authors: Karnila R , Edison  , Suharman I , Sidauruk S W , Mahardika N
Published: January 2020

Protein isolate, the purest protein, can be produced through pH regulation so that the resulting amino acid content that can be used to formulate several food products for both human and animal consumptions. Thus, the objectives of present study were: 1) to determine the nutritional content of muscle and muscle flour of snakehead, 2) to obtain optimum alkaline and acid pH of protein isolates from snakehead, and 3) to determine nutritional of protein isolates from snakehead. The method of this research was experimental method by making protein isolates from snakehead by using different alkaline pHs (10, 11, and 12), furthermore, the best alkaline pH treatment followed by different acid pHs (4 and 5). The results showed the nutritional content (protein) of snakehead muscle was 73.32% dry basis (db) with a yield of 37.40%, while the protein content of snakehead muscle flour was 75.57% (db) with a yield of 82.30%. The best alkaline pH was pH 11 that nutritional characteristics were a yield of 9.56% and a protein content of 83.45% (db). Furthermore, pH 4 was the best acid pH that nutritional characteristics were a yield of 9.80%, protein content of 84.20% (db).
Determination of Nano-Collagen Quality from Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra
Authors: Desmelati  , Sumarto  , Dewita  , Dahlia  , Syafrijal  , Sari P A
Published: January 2020

Sea cucumber contains high collagen protein and potential to be used in cosmetics and health. The aim of this study are to determine the quality of sea cucumber collagen using hydrochloric acid with different concentrations and the quality of nano-collagen using stirrer magnetic in different stirring times. This study was conducted by an experimental method using stages of the collagen extraction process and manufacture of nano-collagen. Process of extracting sea cucumber meat collagen using different concentrations of HCl (4%, 5%, and 6%), and process of making nano-collagen using 96% ethanol solution with different stirring times (one, two, three hours). Sea cucumber collagen with the 6% HCl extraction process obtained optimally results with collagen yield of 20.76%, white degree 73.97%, moisture level 10.99%, protein 98.3%, ash 0.86%, fat 0.59%, and collagen pH 3.92. The functional groups in collagen in accordance with the standard collagen compounds. The nano-collagen obtained was in the form of a creamy white powder (79.25% white degree), moisture 9.11%, ash 0.68%, fat 0.51%, protein 98.9%, pH 3.98, and particle size 285 nm.
Fortification of Health Food Supplement as Functional Food in Sago Analogue
Authors: Restu  , Syahrul  , Dewita
Published: January 2020

Health food supplement is a health support food that can help meet important nutrients for the body’s needs to function properly. Therefore, supplements are not full substitutes for medicines and food, meaning that health food supplements are intended to supplement or increase food intakes. This research is designed to create an economic multiplier effect through the development of sago analog rice as Riau’s flagship product. The purpose of this study is to process fortified sago analog rice fortified with health food supplements made from functional food ingredients (gabus fish concentrate, catfish oil and chlorella sp. concentrate). The research method used is an experimental method with experiments on processing sago analog rice fortified with health food supplements made from functional components of food (amino acid albuminl, crude fiber and omega-9 fatty acids). The treatments given are formulations of analog rice with four levels, namely: sago analog rice (F1), corn analog rice (F2), red rice analog rice (F3), and analog combination sago rice, red rice and corn (F4). The results show that, based on organoleptic preference tests, F4 analog rice was most preferred by panelists, namely analog rice combined with different sources of starch (sago, red rice and corn).
Socio-Cultural Impacts Of Marine Conservation Areas In Indonesian Fishing Communities
Authors: Zamzami L , Ermayanti E , Hendrawati H , Miko A
Published: January 2020

Marine conservation areas in Indonesia are a challenge and a necessity, as part of the effort to balance the socio-cultural needs of the fisherman community and the wish to conserve existing resources for the future. The implemented marine conservation areas have been undertaken to protect turtles, coral reefs, and fish was positively related to the improved economic household situation. Meanwhile, this research suggests that marine conservation area, which also takes socio-cultural impacts, has the implementation to succeed in the fishing communities. The study examined the socio-cultural situation of local fishing communities in the District of Sutera, Pesisir Selatan Regency, Province of West Sumatra, Indonesia, where turtles, coral reefs, and fish conservation implemented. The collect data used observation and interviewed are applied. The result of this study will be considered socio-cultural factors and involving local communities when implemented conservation areas. The impacts of socio-cultural potential benefit on the marine conservation areas and the fishing community’s livelihoods in general.
Wage System and Profit Sharing in Fish Catching Business Using Lift Net in Ocean Fishing Port of Belawan
Authors: Hendrik H , Hamid H , Alvionita D , Alfrendo A
Published: January 2020

Research on the wage system and profit sharing was carried out from January to June 2018 in the Ocean Fishing Port of Belawan, North Sumatera Province. The research was aimed to find out how the wage system and profit sharing using lift net. Determination of respondents about the wage system and profit sharing done by purposive sampling methods. Fishing operations using lift net in Ocean Fishing Port of Belawan applied wage system and profit sharing. Wage system applied are daily wage system, with the amount of payment ranging from IDR 50.000 – 100.000,00/day. For the profit sharing system, the owner or the investor gets a 60% share and the fisherman gets a 40% share of the profit of fishing activity. The operational cost were shared proportionately. This profit and sharing system does not match Indonesian fishing regulation No. 16/1964, due to lower payment for the working fishers.
Effects of Feeding Frequency on Growth Performance and Feed Conversion Ratio of Gurami Sago (Osphronemus Goramy) Fingerlings in A Recirculating Aquaculture Pond System
Authors: Azrita A , Syandri H , Adnestasia L
Published: January 2020

Gurami sago, Osphronemus goramy is the result of newly released domesticated species in 2018. This freshwater fish is endemic in Indonesia, and has a high market price. This study investigated the effects of different feeding frequencies (one, two, three and four meals per day) on growth performance and feed conversion ratio of gurami sago fingerlings over a period of 90 days. The experiment took place in a recirculating aquaculture pond system consisting of twelve rearing units. One-hundred eighty (180) gurami sago fingerlings (with an average initial weight: 2.57±0.73 g and length: 5.77±0.55 cm) were used in the study. Fifteen gurami sago fingerlings were cultured in each pond, and randomly distributed into four experimental treatments with with three replicates. Fish were fed at a feeding rate of 5.0% body weight/day throughout the duration of the study. Fish were sampled every 30 days to evaluate growth in weight and length, and feeding was withheld for 24 h prior to sampling. Results indicated that feed ration of three meals per day had the highest growth performance of fish compared with feed rations of either one, two or four meals per day Feed conversion ratio (1.92±0.14), protein efficiency ratio (13.82±1.22%) and survival (82.22±3.85%) were also better at a feeding ration of three meals per day.
Feeding Habit of Fish Living Around Floating Net Cages in The Koto Panjang Dam, Riau
Authors: Windarti W , Eddiwan E , Putra R M , Tumanggor J S
Published: January 2020

Feeding habit of fish is related to the presence of food source in their habitat. As there is fish feed pellets remains present in the water around the floating net cage, the feeding habit of wild fish living around the cage may be affected by that food source. To understand the type of food consumed by the fish living around the floating net cage in the Koto Panjang Dam, a study has been conducted on December 2018. Samplings were conducted 3 times, once/2 weeks and the fish were captured using gill net and lure placed in the surface and in the 15 m depth. Stomach of the fish ere removed and the content was then analyzed and identified. There were 9 fish species present. In all fish sampled, the remains of fish feed pellets were present in the stomach and the percentage of fish pellets were as follows: 15% in the Puntius schwanefeldii; 67% in Hampala bimaculata; 25% in Tynnichtys vaillanti; 83% in P. bramoides; 23% in Macrones nigriceps; 25% in Mastacembelus unicolor; 50% in Osphronemus goramy; 67% in Cyprinus carpio and100% in O. niloticus. High portion of fish feed pellets in the stomach of several wild fish species indicates that the wild fishes are greatly affected by the presence of fish feed pellets remains, while the presence of the pellets in the stomach of M. unicolor and M. nigriceps indicates that the remain of the pellets also affects the fish that live in 15 m depth.
Reproductive Biology of Hampala macrolepidota from the Kampar River, Kampar Regency, Riau Province
Authors: Efawani E , Dahril T , Putra R M , Efizon D , Mulyani I , Safrina N
Published: January 2020

Hampala macrolepidota is a type of freswater fish that commonly inhabit the Kampar River and it has high economic value. A research aims to understans the reproductive biology of H. macrolepidota from the Kampar River, has been conducted in April-October 2019. The fish was sampled from Kampar River from for 4 months, once/month. Total of samples caught during the research was 47 (17 males and 30 females). The sex ratio was 1 males: 1,76 females, meaning that the number of female populations is greater than that of the male. There were 4 fishes in the 4th maturity stage and the GSI ranged from 0.03-8.07%.
The Effect of Water Quality Variables on Vannamei Shrimp Productivity (Litopenaeus Vannamei) in the Mining Area of the Sungai Pinang Village, Lingga Timur District, Lingga Regency, Riau Islands Province
Authors: Eddiwan E , Sukendi S , Siregar Y I , Saam Z
Published: January 2020

Sungai Pinang Village is one of the village in East Lingga Region, Lingga Regency, Riau Islands Province, which is developing into a fisheries area. The development of the shrimp pond cultivation business is growing rapidly, but on the other hand, the quality of the waters also changes. Water quality is very influential on the growth of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in ponds which lead to high and low productivity of vannamei shrimp. Therefore, the research is directed at examining water quality variables that influence the productivity of vannamei shrimp in ponds. The study was carried out in an aquaculture area that was in operation in a pond in Sungai Pinang Village, East Lingga District, Lingga Regency, Riau Islands Province by interviewing respondents to obtain pond productivity primary data through a questionnaire submission, while technical data was obtained by direct measurements in the field and water sampling for analysis in the laboratory. As independent variables are water quality, namely temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, pH, total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and total organic matter (BOT), while the variables are not free is the productivity of vannamei shrimp. The selection of the ‘best’ multiple regression model is based on the backward method. The results showed that the productivity of vannamei shrimp in the range of 133.3–3,000.0 kg/ha with an average of 690.38 kg/ha. Water quality variables that have a positive effect on the productivity of vannamei shrimp are nitrate and phosphate, while the water quality variables that negatively affect the productivity of vannamei shrimp are pH and TSS.
Composition of the Stow Net Catches Operated at Full Moon Phase and Full Dark Moon Phase in Sialang Pasung Village Rangsang Barat District Meranti Islands Regency
Authors: Brown A , Nasution P , Parengrengi P , Hutauruk R
Published: January 2020

Sialang Pasung waters as a part of Selat Air Hitam Waters were the area for operating tidal fishing gears. The height of tide is affect by the moon phase. This research undertaked to compare the catches of stow net as tidal fishing gear at highest tidal condition namely the full moon and the full dark phases. In the village of Sialang Pasung, regency Meranti Islands. This study revealed the composition and the bulk of catches of the stow net which is operated at both phases. The method used in this study is the survey method, collected all need data from the fishing operation spot.Filter net as a trap is classified as a passive fishing gear by utilizing the tidal migratory behavior of fish. So high tidal oscillations associated with moon phases could influence the catch of filter net. But this kind of scientific information, particularly on filter net, has not available yet. Therefore, this study aimed to study the effect of the moon phases on the catch of filter net; to identify the kind of catch and environmental factors. This research was done in Selat Air Hitam waters, based on descriptive method, starting from August 12nd- 14th, and September 25-28th 2018. The main catches of stow net of both phases were pepay shrimp (Mysis relicta), and anchovy fish Stolephorus indicus). While the by-catches are indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), Common Hairtail (Thirchius savala), Elongated Ilisha (Iisha elongata), Bombay duck (Horpodon neherus), Dorab wolf-herring (Chirocentrus dorab), Mullet ((Valamugil seheli), Gangetic anchovy (Tryssa mystax)), spotted scat (Scatophagus argus), vanname ((Litopenaeus vannamei), red prawn (Paneus monodon), Mud spiny lobster (Panulirus sp), Padachirus (Psettodes erumeri)), white pomfret (Pampus argentus), Sagor catfish (Hexanematichthys sagor) and Squid (Loligo sp.) and Spanish mackerel (Cybium commersoni). Full moon phase bring more catches than full dark moon phase in weight. The dominan catches during full moon Bombay duck and Common hairtail.
Convective flow speed of particles in a vibrated powder bed
Authors: Kogane Atsuto , Kuwagi Kenya , Mawatari Yoshihide , Davoren Libby , Seville Jonathan P K , Parker David J
Published: January 2020

When a powder bed is vibrated, the particles may move like a fluid, and various flow patterns and surface shapes can exist, depending on the vibration conditions — particularly the frequency and amplitude. A two-dimensional (2D) bed is often used so that the flow pattern in a vibrated powder bed can be directly visualized. Because three-dimensional (3D) fluidization phenomena are complicated, 2D observation is not sufficient. However, it is difficult to observe the internal flow of a 3D fluidized bed. A unique method for doing this is positron emission particle tracking (PEPT), a technique derived from the same physical phenomena as in positron emission tomography (PET). In the most common version of the PEPT technique, the flow in a bed is analyzed by following the behavior of a single radioactively labeled particle. We adopted the PEPT technique to analyze flow patterns in a cylindrical vibrated powder bed. From the particle trajectory data obtained with PEPT, some characteristic internal flow structures that cannot be understood from observing surface particle motion were successfully obtained. However, it is difficult to clarify the detailed mechanisms driving such flow patterns from experimental data alone. Therefore, we also carried out numerical simulations based on the discrete element method (DEM). Because the DEM is a Lagrangian method, its computational time depends on the number of particles, so that simulations were restricted to 2D. In order to compare the simulated results to the experimental ones, the average speeds of particles were obtained. Consequently, it was found that the simulated average speed of particles depends only on the amplitude of the applied vibration. In general, good agreement between simulated and experimental results was obtained, but agreement became poorer under conditions of high frequency and low vibration strength.
Privileging pharmacists improves time to patient notification in the microbiological test review process for patients discharged from the emergency department
Authors: Loborec Steven M , Bazan Jose A , Brown Nicole V , Shirk Mary Beth , Jordan Trisha A
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Results of a study evaluating the impact of privileging pharmacists to manage microbiologic test results for patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) are reported.

Methods

This was a single-center, retrospective pre-post study that was conducted at an urban academic medical center. Patients discharged from the ED with a subsequent positive microbiologic test result before and after privileging of an ED specialty practice pharmacist (ED-SPP) to manage the results independently were screened for inclusion. Time to patient notification of a required change in antimicrobial therapy was compared between groups. Numbers of erroneous interventions before and after pharmacist privileging were compared to assess the safety of implementation.

Results

One hundred seventy-eight positive microbiologic test results (n = 92 pre- and n = 86 postimplementation) were included. The median time to patient notification in the pre-implementation group was 23.6 hours (range, 12.4-93 hours) and in the postimplementation group was 14.9 hours (range, 2.5-27.9 hours; P = 0.0023). As determined by the board-certified infectious disease physician, 1.1% of reviewed microbiologic test results (1 of 92) was erroneous prior to implementation of pharmacist privileging compared with 2.3% (2 of 86) after implementation (P = 0.6105).

Conclusion

Privileging ED-SPPs to assess microbiologic test results improved the time to patient notification with no statistical difference in the number of erroneous interventions between groups. These findings demonstrate the benefit of clinical privileging and provide support for expansion of this role to other ED-SPPs.
Which law determines the confidentiality of commercial arbitration?
Authors: Clifford Philip , Scogings Eleanor
Published: January 2020

Commercial arbitration taking place in England is commonly believed to be confidential, and this is often presented as an advantage over court litigation (which is generally not confidential). However, absent express provision, the precise extent of any confidentiality is a mystery to many and its legal basis, beyond being an implication as a matter of English law, remains unclear. In particular, what is the trigger for the implication: the venue for the arbitration, the seat of the arbitration or the law governing the arbitration agreement? This article addresses these questions.
Improvement of Alar Concavity With Scroll Ligament Preservation: Sandwich Technique
Authors: Öztürk Güncel
Published: January 2020

Background

Excessive concavity of the lower lateral crura can cause significant aesthetic problems for the nasal tip and can be associated with significant functional problems, such as insufficiencies in the external nasal valve.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to develop a novel technique for the improvement of several alar concavities that preserve the scroll area.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 51 primary rhinoplasty patients with unoperated alar concavity deformities were assessed. Alar concavities were repaired with alar strut grafts and a superior transposition flap or superior-based sliding flap, which were designed with the “sandwich” technique. Additionally, the scroll ligament was completely preserved in the 2 variants of the technique. All patients who were included in the study were assessed with the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire before surgery and at their 1-year follow-up appointment.

Results

The median age of patients was 29.2 years (range, 19-49 years). The ROE scores ranged between 90 and 100 points after 1 year. The median score was 91.2 points, and this was significantly increased at the 1-year follow-up appointment (P = 0.002). Patient satisfaction was found to be excellent in 92% of the included patients. Patients were also evaluated in terms of functionality. The patients’ patency scores increased to 9.4 from 6.1 (out of 10) after a 12-month follow-up (P = 0.003).

Conclusions

This “sandwich” technique involves a combination of superior transposition flaps, superior-based sliding flaps, and alar strut grafts. Thus, patients who receive this treatment may also benefit from new flap techniques and vertical and longitudinal scroll ligament preservation. This new technique presents a novel and easy method for the reconstruction of severe alar concavities.

Level of Evidence: 4
UMI-VarCal: a new UMI-based variant caller that efficiently improves low-frequency variant detection in paired-end sequencing NGS libraries
Authors: Sater Vincent , Viailly Pierre-Julien , Lecroq Thierry , Prieur-Gaston Élise , Bohers Élodie , Viennot Mathieu , Ruminy Philippe , Dauchel Hélène , Vera Pierre , Jardin Fabrice
Published: January 2020

Motivation

Next-generation sequencing has become the go-to standard method for the detection of single-nucleotide variants in tumor cells. The use of such technologies requires a PCR amplification step and a sequencing step, steps in which artifacts are introduced at very low frequencies. These artifacts are often confused with true low-frequency variants that can be found in tumor cells and cell-free DNA. The recent use of unique molecular identifiers (UMI) in targeted sequencing protocols has offered a trustworthy approach to filter out artefactual variants and accurately call low-frequency variants. However, the integration of UMI analysis in the variant calling process led to developing tools that are significantly slower and more memory consuming than raw-reads-based variant callers.

Results

We present UMI-VarCal, a UMI-based variant caller for targeted sequencing data with better sensitivity compared to other variant callers. Being developed with performance in mind, UMI-VarCal stands out from the crowd by being one of the few variant callers that do not rely on SAMtools to do their pileup. Instead, at its core runs an innovative homemade pileup algorithm specifically designed to treat the UMI tags in the reads. After the pileup, a Poisson statistical test is applied at every position to determine if the frequency of the variant is significantly higher than the background error noise. Finally, an analysis of UMI tags is performed, a strand bias and a homopolymer length filter are applied to achieve better accuracy. We illustrate the results obtained using UMI-VarCal through the sequencing of tumor samples and we show how UMI-VarCal is both faster and more sensitive than other publicly available solutions.

Availability and implementation

The entire pipeline is available at https://gitlab.com/vincent-sater/umi-varcal-master under MIT license.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Graded Cerebellar Lobular Volume Deficits in Adolescents and Young Adults with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)
Authors: Sullivan Edith V , Moore Eileen M , Lane Barton , Pohl Kilian M , Riley Edward P , Pfefferbaum Adolf
Published: January 2020

The extensive prenatal developmental growth period of the cerebellum renders it vulnerable to unhealthy environmental agents, especially alcohol. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is marked by neurodysmorphology including cerebral and cerebellar volume deficits, but the cerebellar lobular deficit profile has not been delineated. Legacy MRI data of 115 affected and 59 unaffected adolescents and young adults were analyzed for lobular gray matter volume and revealed graded deficits supporting a spectrum of severity. Graded deficits were salient in intracranial volume (ICV), where the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) group was smaller than the fetal alcohol effects (FAE) group, which was smaller than the controls. Adjusting for ICV, volume deficits were present in VIIB and VIIIA of the FAE group and were more widespread in FAS and included lobules I, II, IV, V, VI, Crus II, VIIB, and VIIIA. Graded deficits (FAS < FAE) were consistently present in lobules VI; neither group showed volume deficits in Crus I or IX. Neuroradiological readings blind to diagnosis identified 20 anomalies, 8 involving the cerebellum, 5 of which were in the FAS group. We speculate that the regional cerebellar FASD-related volume deficits may contribute to diagnostically characteristic functional impairment involving emotional control, visuomotor coordination, and postural stability.
Infectious Diseases Society of America Position Paper: Recommended Revisions to the National Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle (SEP-1) Sepsis Quality Measure
Authors: Rhee Chanu , Chiotos Kathleen , Cosgrove Sara E , Heil Emily L , Kadri Sameer S , Kalil Andre C , Gilbert David N , Masur Henry , Septimus Edward J , Sweeney Daniel A , Strich Jeffrey R , Winslow Dean L , Klompas Michael
Published: January 2020

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle (SEP-1) measure has appropriately established sepsis as a national priority. However, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA and five additional endorsing societies) is concerned about SEP-1’s potential to drive antibiotic overuse because it does not account for the high rate of sepsis overdiagnosis and encourages aggressive antibiotics for all patients with possible sepsis, regardless of the certainty of diagnosis or severity of illness. IDSA is also concerned that SEP-1’s complex “time zero” definition is not evidence-based and is prone to inter-observer variation. In this position paper, IDSA outlines several recommendations aimed at reducing the risk of unintended consequences of SEP-1 while maintaining focus on its evidence-based elements. IDSA’s core recommendation is to limit SEP-1 to septic shock, for which the evidence supporting the benefit of immediate antibiotics is greatest. Prompt empiric antibiotics are often appropriate for suspected sepsis without shock, but IDSA believes there is too much heterogeneity and difficulty defining this population, uncertainty about the presence of infection, and insufficient data on the necessity of immediate antibiotics to support a mandatory treatment standard for all patients in this category. IDSA believes guidance on managing possible sepsis without shock is more appropriate for guidelines that can delineate the strengths and limitations of supporting evidence and allow clinicians discretion in applying specific recommendations to individual patients. Removing sepsis without shock from SEP-1 will mitigate the risk of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for noninfectious syndromes, simplify data abstraction, increase measure reliability, and focus attention on the population most likely to benefit from immediate empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Evaluation of a Photoelectric Clot Timer for the Performance of Prothrombin Times
Authors: Winsten Seymour
Published: January 2020

This report consists of an evaluation of a commercially available photoelectric clot timer which can be used for performing prothrombin times. In the last two years, approximately 40,000 determinations have been satisfactorily performed with this apparatus. In addition, with the use of the timer, we have been able to pick up unsuspected fibrinogen deficiencies during the course of the performance of routine prothrombin times.
The Basis for Elevation of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase Levels in Serum Stored on Clots
Authors: Elliott W B , Rosamilia Harold
Published: January 2020

A modification of the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase colorimetric assay is described which reduces the error due to preformed keto acids, and thus permits evaluation of "corrected" transaminase levels in serum specimens that have stood on the clot up to three weeks at 4°. Evidence is presented that even in bacterially contaminated specimens the major cause of elevation in levels during storage is a rise in preformed keto acids.
Vacuum Manifold for Use in Erythrocyte Uptake of T3 Technic
Authors: Cranswick E H , Allen D , Cooper T B , Piti T
Published: January 2020

A vacuum manifold for the simultaneous removal of the saline washes from 40 tubes is described and its advantages discussed.
An Automated Technic for the Assessment of Thyroid Status, Based upon the Binding of I131-Triiodothyronine by Serum
Authors: Pollard A C , Garnett E S , Webber C
Published: January 2020

An automated technic is described for the direct assessment of I131-triiodothyronine binding by serum. The adsorbants used in the manual technics are replaced by dialysis. The radioactivity in the dialysate is measured in a continuous-flow scintillation system. Results obtained from 71 patients of varying thyroid status compare favorably with those of a standard manual I131-triiodothyronine resin uptake test.
Centrifuging, Storing, and Quantitative Dispensing of Micro Samples; An Improved Technic
Authors: Wittgenstein Eva , Rowe Kenneth W
Published: January 2020

In an adaptation of standard technics and apparatus, aqueous homogenates from single rat lenses are introduced into capillary tubes, soluble and insoluble constituents are separated using a micro hematocrit centrifuge, and samples are frozen and stored in the capillary tubes. To allow quantitative transfer of sample aliquots from these capillaries for chemical and immunologic determinations, commercial micro titrator was modified.
A New Indicator for the Chelometric Measurement of Calcium in Serum and Urine
Authors: Catledge Gloria , Biggs Homer G
Published: January 2020

Hydroxy Naphthol Blue as a metallochromic indicator in the chelometric measurement of calcium with EDTA provides a very distinct color change at the end-point in the titration of aqueous solutions, serum, and urine samples. Iron, magnesium, copper, phosphate, and bilirubin in concentrations normally encountered in serum and urine did not interfere with the reaction of the indicator. The results obtained with this indicator were not statistically different from those of serum samples analyzed by flame photometry or urine samples analyzed chelometrically with Cal-Red as the indicator.