bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Many Paths to a Home: Emerging Business Models for Latin America and the Caribbean's Base of the Pyramid
Authors: Stickney Christy
Published: March 2024

The lack of adequate housing is a problem throughout Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Almost 40 percent of families in the region live in a house beyond repair, have no title, or lack water, sewerage, electricity, adequate building materials, or space. It is estimated that by 2015, that number will increase by 10 percent. Only an investment of at least $310 billion will close the region's current housing gap, that is 7.8 percent of LAC's GDP. The demand for improved housing among the base of the pyramid (BOP) has been consistently strong and represents a relatively steady proportion of the overall income of this segment of the population. Yet the supply of innovative and tailored solutions continues to be limited. This report presents and analyzes promising business models that are enabling companies and other organizations to provide services and products to the BOP and in doing so help address the region's pressing housing deficit. The business models show that BOP families have both the willingness and the economic capacity to make a down payment and pay monthly installments for a finished housing solution. They also demonstrate that BOP families can afford to take out a loan for home construction or improvements if financial products are designed to take into account their particular circumstances, which include labor informality or low formal wages, lack of appropriate collateral, and a volatile wage-earning scheme. Most importantly, these models expose the vast opportunities for the private sector to enter and serve the BOP market. Demand at the BOP is latent and growing, and business models with the potential to serve this market segment are in need of adequate financing. This shows that the market opportunity is there for developers, suppliers of construction materials, financial institutions, and impact investors.
Understanding the Economics of Climate Adaptation in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

In terms of climate hazards, Trinidad and Tobago will, presumably, undergo higher tropical storm (TS) frequency and the effects derived from them: coastal flooding, wind and rainfall. Additionally the island will likely experience sea level rise and more frequent and intense droughts. In this report, the potential hazards due to climate change are presented, the economic effects of climate change in Trinidad and Tobago are calculated, the actions to mitigate the losses caused by climate change are proposed, and their economic costs and benefits are analyzed.
Environmentally Friendly School Infrastructure
Authors: Paredes Juan Roberto , Ramos María Clara , Robles Marina , Näslund-Hadley Emma
Published: March 2024

Educational spaces, apart from their functionality and efficient use of natural resources, should be conducive to learning and offer comfort and security to the people entering them. This requires construction and maintenance processes that keep in mind both the occupants and the environmental conditions that surround them.
Venture Capital for Low-Income Markets
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Investing in housing, healthcare, education, basic utilities and nutrition can not only fulfill a social mission, but it can also be a profitable business venture.This is the concept of IGNIA Fund, which will channel venture capital resources to fund commercially viable growth companies serving the base of the pyramid, those persons in Latin America and the Caribbean earning less than $3,260 a year.The IGNIA Fund selects projects with the potential to be expanded on a larger scale, thereby increasing the social and economic impact.
EPM: Extends Financial Democracy in Colombia
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Empresas Públicas de Medellín has experienced more than a half-century of solid financial growth and market expansion, becoming the second largest provider of electricity in Colombia as well as a supplier of water, sewerage and natural gas and, through a subsidiary, telecommunications services.Analyzing its 1.7 million customers, EPM concluded that many of its low-income clients were underachieving in terms of economic and social advancement: they paid their bills on time, but were excluded from credit markets and the formal banking system. Lack of access to formal financing, a handicap for 75 percent of the population of Medellín, forced many citizens to resort to informal loans with extraordinarily high interest rates to buy such basic necessities as refrigerators and home improvement supplies.
Learning in Twenty-First Century Schools: Note 2: School Infrastructure Survey
Authors: Gutierrez Mabel ,   Cámara de Comercio de Barranquilla, Guerra Juan Carlos , Meléndez Augusto , Bayona Paola , Cantillo Jose David , Valencia Jorge , Del Toro Angeli María , Rios Cristian , Díaz Andrés
Published: March 2024

The process of developing a methodology for the management of education infrastructure in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean began with an analysis and discussion of types of variables, common content, and unified criteria across this group of countries. This produced a definition of school infrastructure as well as implications for managing it in accordance with each country's legislation, plans, and policies. Based on this analysis, it was possible to determine that in each of the educational infrastructure as a key factor in improving the quality of education, and this is reflected in their national policies that explicitly present the need to build, renovate, and maintain the physical plant of the schools.
How Agricultural Policies Skew Banana Domestic Prices for Consumers
Authors: Del Río Paracolls Carmen , Boyce Rachel
Published: March 2024

Around the world, government agricultural policies often make the prices paid by consumers much higher or lower than they would be withoutpolicy interventions. This infographic shows the latest available data for the three-year average price of banana in Latin America and the Caribbean compared to international prices (prices not affected by domestic policy).
Sufficiency, Equity and Effectiveness of School Infrastructure in Latin America according to TERCE
Authors: Jaureguiberry Florencia , Duarte Jesús , Racimo Mariana
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the characteristics of school infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean, using information from TERCE comparatively around the concepts of sufficiency, equity and effectiveness. We start by enquiring whether the physical spaces whereLatin American children and youth study are adequate and sufficient to ensure learning. Next, we examine how school spaces are distributed, both according to the geographical area of the students and their socioeconomic and cultural status. Finally, we look at the effectiveness of physical resources within schools, that is, the association between physical spaces and learning (using the results of the TERCE tests as proxy).
Awakened Heart: 2nd IILA Photography Contest
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Selected photographs from the second photography exhibition organized in 2009 by the IILA in Rome
Being Elsewhere: Seven Artists from the Latin American and Caribbean Diaspora in Canada
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The exhibition features artists born in Latin America and the Caribbean who have emigrated to Canada. The exhibit takes a closer look at their work in an attempt to understand some of the motivations behind the artists' proposals, in the context of contemporary art, and Canadian art in particular. The artists are: Laura Barron, Niurka Barroso, Delio Delgado, Marie-Denise Douyon, Joscelyn Gardner, Osvaldo Ramirez Castillo, and Oscar Danilo Vargas.
Inside and Out: Recent Trends in the Arts of the Dominican Republic
Authors: De Tolentino Marianne , Hermann Sara
Published: March 2024

For many years the artistic movement in the Dominican Republic was a -best-kept secret. Their growing international contributions to contemporary visual arts have been changing that picture, but may also be characterized by even greater drive, selectivity, and regularity. We could say that of all the islands of the Caribbean, the Dominican Republic is, along with Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Haiti, the country most prolific in regard to modern and contemporary artists.
Norwegian Alternatives: Decorative and Applied Arts
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Fifty-two contemporary craft, decorative and applied art objects by thirty-one members of the Norwegian Association for Arts and Handicrafts, made in wood, fiber, clay, glass and as jewelry, from the collections of the Kunstindustrimuseet in Oslo, the Vestlandske Kunsindustrimuseum in Bergen, the Nordenfjeldske Kunstindustrimuseum in Trondheim, the Hadeland Glassverk in Jevnaker, and from independent artists who loaned their pieces for the exhibition.
Tradition and Entrepreneurship: Popular Arts and Crafts from Peru
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

An exhibition honoring Peru, and the city of Lima, host of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank, presented folk objects and crafts various regions of Peru in which tradition has evolved within age-old artistic expressions. The exhibit also included objects that reflect recent innovations introduced by artisans and entrepreneurs with the idea of making such expressions economically sustainable. The exhibition was organized and curated by the IDB Cultural Center, with the participation of the Museum of the Central Bank of Peru.
Tribute to Chile
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The IDB Cultural Center presented this exhibition as a tribute to Chile on the occasion of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of the IDB held in Santiago, Chile, in March 2001. The selection included 13 tapestries and 15 oil paintings from the Violeta Parra Foundation created by the Chilean folksinger.
Investing in Women: 1999-2001
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The second issue of "Investing in Women" underscores the Inter-American Development Bank's commitment to enhancing the contributions of women to development and ensuring their equitable participation in Bank-funded programs. The projects showcased in this brochure highlight the importance of reducing the obstacles faced by women and emphasize the roles they play as agents of development in the fight against poverty, inequality and social exclusion.
Strengthening Transparency and Accountability for Improved Governance
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The countries of the LAC region consistently fall below global averages on issues that affect the business climate and confidence in state institutions, which has a significant impact on their competitiveness. Corruption weakens economic and social development, as well as the credibility and legitimacy of democratic governance. This brochure describes the IDB's experience in strengthening the transparency and accountability of the countries in the Latin American and Caribbean region.
Joint Report on MDB Climate Finance 2012
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   African Development Bank,   Asian Development Bank,   European Bank for Reconstruction and Development,   European Investment Bank,   International Finance Corporation,   World Bank
Published: March 2024

The Joint MDB Report on Climate Finance is now in its second year, and the information provided has been expanded to include a better sectoral as well as a regional breakdown of MDB financing. This report presents basic data on which further analysis could be based. Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) provided approximately USD27 billion in financing to address the challenges of climate change in 2012. Of the total USD27 billion in climate finance, 78%, or USD21 billion was dedicated to mitigation and 22%, or nearly USD6 billion to adaptation. Of the total commitments, 8%, or USD2 billion came from external resources, such as bilateral or multilateral donors, including the Global Environment Facility and the Climate Investment Funds. In terms of regional coverage, Latin America and the Caribbean received the highest total share of MDB climate finance, 18%, while the EU 13 countries received 11%. In regards to sector coverage, 36% of adaptation finance went to the infrastructure, energy, and built environment sector, while 33% went to support increasing the resilience to climate change of the agriculture sector. In mitigation finance, renewable energy took by far the largest share of finance, with 36% of the total. The difference between mitigation and adaptation finance is greatest in the EU 13 and Other Europe and Central Asia regions, where 95% and 93% of climate finance commitments from MDBs respectively is for mitigation measures.
Excerpts from Impact of Early Stage Equity Funds in Latin America: Vox Capital
Authors: Lerner Josh , Tighe James , Dew Steve , Bosiljevac Vladimir , Leamon Ann , Díez-Amigo Sandro , Garcia-Robles Maria Susana
Published: March 2024

In April 2015, the Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF), a member of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Group, commissioned the research team to prepare a report on the effectiveness of some recent venture capital (VC) fund investments in Latin America. This report contains the research team's findings. This report focuses on three funds in which the MIF has invested. Using these funds as case studies, chosen to represent different investment approaches and company stages, the team explores two dimensions of impact: first, the direct impact of fund managers on portfolio companies is considered, and then the indirect impact created by portfolio companies in their communities and the region is examined. In addition to addressing the broader question of impact, the report also profiles two investments from each fund's portfolio. In these "minicases" the ways in which the fund managers add value to their companies are presented. In this way the MIF continues to examine its performance and share its lessons with others who seek to reduce poverty and improve the economic vitality of Latin America and other emerging countries.
Empathy Driven Funding: Case Studies
Authors:   Multilateral Investment Fund,   Japan International Cooperation Agency
Published: March 2024

This document complements “Empathy Driven Funding: New frontier of financing small businesses,” presenting three cases where micro investment crowdfunding platform has been employed by local governments/municipalities as a way for supporting and promoting activities of small businesses (including the case of supporting businesses in their recovery and reconstruction phase after the earthquake).
Empathy Driven Funding: Annex
Authors:   Multilateral Investment Fund,   Japan International Cooperation Agency
Published: March 2024

This annex complements “Empathy Driven Funding: New frontier of financing small businesses,” providing detailed information on non-financial additionalities, fee structures, regulatory framework and challenges of micro investment crowdfunding in Japan, as well as the current status of MSME finance and other innovative financing schemes in Japan.
Evaluando el entorno para las asociaciones público privadas en América Latina y el Caribe: Infrascope 2010: Guía del índice y metodología
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Economist Intelligence Unit
Published: March 2024

Este documento describe la segunda edición de una herramienta de aprendizaje e índice de clasificación que evalúa la capacidad de los países de América Latina y el Caribe para llevar a cabo Asociaciones Público-Privadas en el sector de infraestructura. El contenido y el análisis en este informe e índice cubren el período entre julio de 2009 y agosto de 2010.
¿Asociaciones para el progreso?: Evaluando el ambiente para asociaciones público-privadas en Latinoamérica y el Caribe
Authors:   Economist Intelligence Unit
Published: March 2024

Este estudio describe un nuevo modelo de evaluación y un índice que mide la adecuación de países Latinoaméricanos y del Caribe para participar en asociaciones público-privadas en sectores de infraestructura. El modelo fue desarrollado por el Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) con el apoyo financiero del Fondo Multilateral de Inversiones (FOMIN) y el Programa para la Promoción de Asociaciones Publico-Privadas en Latinoamérica y el Caribe fundado por el gobierno de España.
Revisando el impuesto a la renta personal en América Latina: Evolución e impacto
Authors: Barreix Alberto Daniel , Benitez Juan Carlos , Pecho Miguel
Published: March 2024

Este estudio documenta el proceso a través del cual los alivios y concesiones fiscales estándar reducen la base imponible del Impuesto a la Renta Personal (IRP) en los países latinoamericanos usando los modelos desarrollados en “Impuestos sobre los Salarios en América Latina y el Caribe 2016”. Las estimaciones teóricas sobre el IRP son complementadas con datos suministrados por las administraciones tributarias nacionales. El estudio revela que el IRP es progresivo, pero que sólo es pagado por una pequeña proporción de individuos de altos salarios dentro del sector formal. En promedio, más del 80% del IRP es pagado por el 10% más rico de la población pero a tasas efectivas promedio por debajo de la tasa legal mínima promedio de la región. La combinación de estos factores resulta en que el IRP tenga escasa capacidad de incrementar la recaudación y un impacto mínimo en la redistribución del ingreso.
Panorama de las Administraciones Públicas: América Latina y el Caribe 2017
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo,   Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico
Published: March 2024

"Panorama de las Administraciones Públicas: América Latina y el Caribe" es la segunda edición de una publicación conjunta entre la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID). La publicación provee a los lectores un conjunto clave de indicadores diseñados para informar el diseño de políticas y establecer marcos de referencia para intervenciones específicas. El modelo de "Panorama de las Administraciones Públicas" ofrece una referencia fundamental respaldada por una metodología sólida aplicada en los países miembros de la OCDE. Comparado con la edición anterior que estaba enfocada especialmente en gestión financiera pública y junto con indicadores de finanzas y empleo públicos, esta segunda edición abarca un conjunto más amplio de áreas de gestión pública incluyendo el rol y la influencia del centro de gobierno, políticas de gobierno y datos abiertos, gobierno digital, gobernanza regulatoria y presupuesto en el sector salud.
A Prototype Monitoring, Learning and Evaluation Platform: Benchmarking Climate Resilience in the Private Sector for PROADAPT
Authors: Downing Thomas E. , Colvin John , Abdelrahim Sarah , Lacambra Carmen , Munera Claudia , Lacambra Juan , Castro Mirza
Published: March 2024

Monitoring project investments and progress toward climate resilience in the private sector requires extensions to the normal project-level indicators of output. Based on a conceptual framework of a continuum of adaptation in achieving resilience, a prototype Monitoring, Learning and Evaluation (MLE) platform requires co-learning with key stakeholders, benchmarking the toolkit in actual projects and brining together a robust toolkit. The methodology for designing a MLE platform for Proadapt, a review of existing approaches, and an initial dashboard are all covered here.
A Basic Framework for Evaluating Value Added Tax Expenditures
Authors: Hutton Eric
Published: March 2024

The label tax expenditure provides a strong indication as to what the term is intended to apply to any use of the tax system designed to provide a financial benefit. As such, a tax expenditure can be rather generally considered to be any special provision in the tax system which allows for a reduction in the amount of tax which would otherwise be due. The key term in that definition is special provision; any reduction resulting from a normal provision would, then, not be considered a tax expenditure. The starting place for any evaluation of tax expenditures is to then determine which the normal provisions are and which the special provisions are for the tax system.
Sending Money Home: Remittance Recipients in the Dominican Republic and Remittance Senders from the U.S.
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The Dominican Republic is the fourth largest remittance market in the Latin America and Caribbean region. Remittances are an economic necessity for recipients, and financial sector involvement in the industry is necessary for improved effectiveness and efficiency.
Sending Money Home: Remittances to Latin America from the U.S., 2004
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The first detailed state-by-state analysis of remittances from the United States to Latin America, presenting insight into new migration patterns reaching geographic locations well beyond the traditional remittance sending states.
Sending Money Home: An International Comparison of Remittance Markets
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report details remittance flows, their costs, and their impact throughout Latin America based on the comprehensive survey and analysis of reports from 19 Central Banks in the region.
Remittances to Latin America and the Caribbean (Part 1 of 5)
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This analysis outlines current trends and issues regarding the Latin American and Caribbean remittance markets and provides a statistical summary of its size, its demographic characteristics, and its economic impact.
IDB Panel on Immigration
Authors: Nakasone Robert T.
Published: March 2024

This document is about immigration on China and India. Explain also about the term "Uchinanchu" used to describe people from Okinawa.
Intergovernmental Relations and Local Competitiveness in Latin America
Authors: De la Cruz Rafael
Published: March 2024

Power Point presentation: Intergovernmental Relations and Local Competitiveness in Latin America
Linking Remittances Flows to Housing: Experience: "Su Casita - México"
Authors: Towle Kathy
Published: March 2024

Power Point: Linking Remittances Flows to Housing: Experience: "Su Casita - México"
Remittance Recipients in Brazil
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank,   Bendixen and Amandi
Published: March 2024

Results and analysis of a poll in Brazil of remittance recipients.
Methodology for Measuring the Fiscal Effect of Regional Expenditures in Colombia
Authors: Jorratt Michel
Published: March 2024

The concept of tax expenditure refers to the revenue the treasury foregoes as a result of applying preferential tax regimes with a view to aiding or stimulating certain economic sectors, activities, regions, or agents. Defined in this way, tax expenditures are additional tools for governments to utilize in state intervention, which aim to achieve similar results to those that can be obtained through direct public expenditure. As such, they should be subject to the same controls and transparency criteria as the latter. The general objective of this paper is to develop a methodology to estimate tax expenditures at a regional level, based on the particular case of Colombia.
Impact of the Western Hemisphere's Free Trade Agreements on the Foreign Sector and the Sustainability of the Debt
Authors: Machinea José Luis
Published: March 2024

1. Macroeconomic conditions for successful agreements 2. Macroeconomic impacts of the agreements Institutional Framework Foreign Sector Public Accounts and Debt 3. Coordination of macroeconomic policies
Managing Asymmetries in Trade Agreements in the Western Hemisphere
Authors: Granados Jaime
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the Caribbean Subregional Meeting celebrated on december 15th, 2004 in Montego Bay Jamaica. Approaches for managing asymmetries in the WH Mapping out the mechanisms General trends and conclusions
What Challenges do Poverty Reduction Strategies Face?
Authors: Engel Wanda
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Poverty Reduction and Social Protection Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the VI Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on December 9th and 10th, 2003. Why reduce poverty? Social, economic, political and ethical questions. What is Poverty? Basic concepts: poverty, inequality, exclusion and vulnerability Who are the poor? Poverty indicators,base lines, measurement. Poverty profiles as instrument for design and focalization of programs. Family information Systems (Registro Único).
Violence, Inequality and Poverty in the Americas
Authors: Morrison Andrew
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Poverty Reduction and Social Protection Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the IV Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on November 11th and 12th, 2002. Are there any good shorthand measures of violence? Homicides? Intra-family violence?
Perspectives on Social Protection in the Industrialized Countries
Authors: Burtless Gary
Published: March 2024

Protection for all citizens or residents (universal protection) Protection for people with low incomes (means-tested assistance) Protection for workers who have contributed to insurance fund (social insurance) Health insurance might be universalistic (as in Canada and the U.K.) Basic income protection or food security might be provided using a means test (as in U.S.A.) Old-age and disability pensions and unemployment benefits might be offered under a social insurance system (as in Germany, France, and U.S.A.)
Africa's Experience with Safety Net Programs: Cash Transfers, Food Transfers and Workfare programs
Authors: Subbarao K.
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Poverty Reduction and Social Protection Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the Preparatory Meeting celebrated on October 19th and 20th, 2000 in Washington, D.C. Rare in Africa Region ¿.and for obvious reasons: Information requirements prohibitive, Fiscally unsustainable, administratively difficult to implement. Only two countries have one significant cash transfers: social pension in South Africa and Namibia.
A Comparative Institutional Diagnosis of Civil Service Systems Indices of 17 Countries
Authors: Longo Francisco
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Public Management and Transparency Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the IV Hemispheric Meeting celebreated on December 11th and 12th, 2003. A comparative institutional diagnosis of civil service systems. Indices of 17 countries.
Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Guatemala
Authors: Vásquez Enrique , Beltrán Arlette , Yamada Gustavo , Castro Juan Francisco
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Poverty Reduction and Social Protection Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the VIII Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on April 24th and 25th, 2003.
Education for Democratic Citizenship in the Americas: An Agenda for Action
Authors: Jaramillo Rosario , Reimers Fernando , Cox Cristián
Published: March 2024

The combined challenges of poverty and governance urgently require active, politically informed and educated citizens, aware of their capacity to influence community events and government, at all levels.
Integration and Regional Programs Department Regional Technical Cooperation Division: Regional Policy Dialogue
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This presentation was prepared for the Preparatory Meeting of the Science, Technology and Innovation Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue celebrated on December 11th, 2006.
Caribbean Regional Policy Dialogue on Aid for Trade
Authors: Staples Brian Rankin
Published: March 2024

Presentation made during the REGIONAL POLICY DIALOGUE CARIBBEAN SUB-REGIONAL MEETING ON AID FOR TRADE
Case Study: Litoral Centro - Real Toll Motorway
Authors: Antunes Pedro Eiras
Published: March 2024

Presentation delivered during the event "Experiencias de Provisión y Financiamiento de Infraestructura bajo Alianzas Publico-Privadas" at the Inter-American Development Bank headquarters, Washington D.C., USA, during December 8-9, 2005. It describes the design, construction and financing of 104.5 Km of motorway and associated infrastructure in Portugal's West Coast, along the IC1 road between Marinha Grande and Mira, of which 92 Km to be operated and maintained with a real toll concession for a maximum of 30 years.
Covanta: Energy from Waste
Authors: Graham Robert
Published: March 2024

Presentation delivered during the seminar "PPP Américas 2010: Las Asociaciones Público-Privadas en Brasil y América Latina: Desafíos y Perspectivas", celebrated in Salvador-Bahia, Brazil, May 11-13, 2010. It provides an overview of the Energy - from - Waste project put forward by COVANTA, examining the benefits of engaging in Public Private Partnerships to deal with this innovative source of energy and the eonomic incentives that are created in the process.
Cluster to Promote Competitiveness through Public Private Partnerships
Authors: Bloomgarden David R.
Published: March 2024

Presentation delivered during the Tercer Encuentro Técnico de Capacitación en Materia de Estructuración de Proyectos de Asociación Público Privada, celebrated in Mérida, Yucatán, México, during February 20, 21, and 22. The goals that are being set for this Cluster are improving the capacity in Latin American and Caribbean countries to plan and implement infrastructure Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) at the national, state and community levels, and to expand access to, and improve quality of, basic services through PPPs - particularly Pro-Poor PPPs. This presentation briefly describes the activities that are being considered to meet the aforementioned goals and lists some projects in the region that are already in motion for this purpose.
The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and the Location of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Authors: Levy Yeyati Eduardo , Stein Ernesto H. , Daude Christian
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses the effects of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) on foreign direct investment (FDI). In particular, the inflow of FDI from the United States and Canada towards Latin American countries is discussed along with an analysis of the role of regional integration variables (RIAs). This document was presented by the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the 5th Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on August 14th and 15th, 2003.
Trade Liberalization and Small Economies
Authors: Gonzales Anthony Peter
Published: March 2024

This presentation was commissioned by the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the 3rd Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on March 19th and 20th, 2002. This presentation discusses constraints in adjusting to changes in the global trade regime; assessment of the effectiveness of existing and proposed measures for small economies; international trading arrangements and international financial arrangements for countries with small economies.
Water Charge Instruments for Environmental Management in Latin America: From Theoretical to Practical Issues: Brazil Country Case
Authors: Seroa da Motta Ronaldo , Feres José Gustavo
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses the new water policy in Brazil. The examples of the State of Ceará, the State of São Paulo and the Federal River Basin of Paraíba do Sul are given. In addition, the criteria of charges applied are detailed along with the formulae for the total monthly water charge. This document was presented by the Environment Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the 2nd Hemispheric Meeting held on February 25th and 26th, 2003.
Opportunities for the Majority
Authors: Hart Stuart
Published: March 2024

This document was authored by the key note presenter of the "Opportunities for the Majority in the Caribbean", IDB Seminar, Jamaica, 2007. The presentation revolves around the concept of "the base of the pyramid" to build a business strategy to target low income sectors.
The Political Economy of Productivity: Actors, Arenas and Policymaking
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This presentation was prepared for an IDB Seminar titled "Brainstorming Session: The Political Economy of Productivity: Actors, Arenas, and Policymaking," held on February 6th, 2009. This research project lies at the intersection of two agendas: 1) 2010 Development in the Americas Report (DIA, ex-IPES) on "Productivity in Latin America"; 2) Step in Political Economy agenda at the Research Department IDB Political Institutions and Policymaking in Latin America.
Empirical Estimates of Trade Costs for Asia
Authors: De Prabir
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses the rising cost of transport, its impact on international trade, and the failure of many neoliberal economic models to take into account the cost of transport. It summarizes the findings of a working paper that attempts to determine how non-price and price determinants of international trade such as infrastructure and transport costs affect trade in Asia. It was presented at the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 3rd Annual Meeting held in Seoul, South Korea on November 16th, 2006.
Impact of Cross-border Road Infrastructure on Trade and Investment in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Authors: Fujimura Manuba , Edmonds Christopher
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the impact of cross-border road infrastructure on trade and foreign direct investment in the Greater Mekong Subregion using panel data from 1981 to 2003. Empirical analysis based on a gravity-model approach suggests that the development of cross-border road infrastructure has had a positive effect on intra-regional trade in major commodities with its elasticity in the range of 0.6-1.4. When the impact of domestic road infrastructure is assessed separately, it has been associated with increased trade. When cross-border and domestic road infrastructure are considered together, the former has had a positive and the latter has had a negative association, respectively, with trade. Results regarding the impact of road infrastructure on FDI flows are ambiguous, although data limitations appear to have attributed to the poor performance of these estimates. This paper was presented at the 3rd Annual Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA) Meeting held in Seoul, South Korea on November 16th, 2006.
The Brazilian Industrial Policy
Authors: Erber Fabio S.
Published: March 2024

The following presentation briefly outlines a history of Brazilian industrial policy from 1950-present and current structural issues and challenges in modern-day industrial policy. It was presented at the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 2nd Annual Meeting held in Buenos Aires, Argentina on November 28th, 2005.
The Governance of Global Value Chains: Implications for State Action
Authors: Sturgeon Timothy J.
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses a series of measures and actions to help explain the impact of governance on the behavior of global value chains. The topics include: 1) Supplier-led industrial upgrading strategies; 2) New constraints by global suppliers in industries that have already globalized; and 3) The global value chains framework, as a typology of network governance forms. This presentation was prepared for the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 2nd Annual Meeting, held in Buenos Aires, Argentina on November 28th-29th, 2005.
Developing Economies as Toyota Production Systems: Why the Analogy Makes Sense, How It Can Inform Industrial Policy
Authors: Sabel Charles
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses developing economies in Latin America as compared to the Toyota Production System (TPS), an integrated socio-technical system, developed by Toyota, that comprises its management philosophy and practices. A comparison of INTA in Argentina and elsewhere is given. The author finds that the current production design and set up are provisional, but can be incrementally improved by benchmarking, error detection and correction. This presentation was presented at the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 2nd Annual Meeting held in Buenos Aires, Argentina on November 28th-29th, 2005.
Supply Chain Dynamics in Asia
Authors: Banomyong Ruth
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses supply chain issues in Asia, including security and competitiveness, as well as the role of LSPs in handling supply chain dynamics. Included are case studies of Asian SMEs and their involvement at the global and regional level. This presentation was presented at the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 5th Annual Meeting held in Singapore on July 15th, 2009.
Trade and Productive Policies: A Latin American and Caribbean Perpective
Authors: Machinea José Luis
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses trade and production in Latin America and the Caribbean. Included is a discussion of export dynamics and patterns of integration as well as productive development policies. This presentation was presented at the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA) held in Buenos Aires, Argentina on November 28th-29th, 2005.
ASEAN Open Skies and Its Implications on Airport Development Strategy in Malaysia
Authors: Tham Siew Yean
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses a study on the implications of open skies in ASEAN on airport development strategy in Malaysia and the government's role in positioning Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) as a regional hub for air cargo and passenger services. This document includes an introduction and a series of topics: Open skies in ASEAN; positioning Malaysia as a regional hub (infrastructure development, airlines development, specific policies); key issues in preparing for ASEAN Open Sky; policy implications; and a conclusion. This presentation was created for the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 4th Annual Meeting held in Lima, Peru on June 17th, 2008.
Sustainable Forestry Business Initiatives at IDB
Authors: Nascimento José Rente
Published: March 2024

This presentation discusses some of IDB's initiatives and instruments available to support the development of sustainable forest businesses in LAC. These include initiatives for improving business climate for sustainable forest investments, such as the Forest Investment Attractiveness Index (IAIF) and the Process to Improve the Business Climate for Forest Investment (PROMECIF). They also include those for improving governments' supporting role, such as regulations, policies, institutions, public services; investments or technical assistance; supporting private investments (PRI, MIF, IIC), and the development and implementation of tools for sustainable forest businesses. This presentation was created for the Stora Enso Visit to IDB: Potential Latin American Pulp Mill Projects, held in Washington D.C., on September 14th, 2006.
Logistics as a Driver for Competitiveness in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Guasch José Luis
Published: March 2024

Logistics is becoming a critical element of competitiveness and economic performance both in itself and within the context of increasing globalization. Most Latin American and Caribbean countries are focusing on export-led growth strategies. For such strategies to succeed, a key component is an effective and efficient logistics framework that addresses the full spectrum-upstream, midstream, and downstream-of the value and production chain. This report illustrates the relevance and impact of logistics for competitiveness in the region and provides a framework, priorities, interventions, and solutions to address the issues. This paper was presented at the Fifth Americas Competiveness Forum for the Inter-American Development Bank and Compete Caribbean Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 5-7, 2011.
Renewable Energy Best Practices in Promotion and Use for Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Luecke Andrea
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to present a snapshot of some of the best practices in the promotion and use of renewable energy, and provide practical examples of the development of renewable energy markets that countries in Latin America and the Caribbean can replicate. This brief study provides an overview of some of the most widely used renewable energy technologies. It also examines current and potential renewable energy markets in Latin America and the Caribbean, economic development benefits of expanding renewable energy markets, policy tools and mechanisms that have been used to build and promote renewable energy in the United States, and the role governments and the private sector can play. This paper was presented at the Fifth Americas Competiveness Forum for the Inter-American Development Bank and Compete Caribbean Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 5-7, 2011.
Perspectives for Distributed Generation with Renewable Energy in Latin America and the Caribbean: Analysis of Case Studies for Jamaica, Barbados, Mexico, and Chile
Authors: Gischler Christiaan , Janson Nils
Published: March 2024

This paper deals with how to promote distributed generation (DG) done with renewable energy in emerging markets of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), with the purpose of increasing competitiveness and achieving sustainable economic growth. The paper argues that the key rationale for promoting renewable DG in LAC is to reduce the cost of electricity for a country as a whole. The paper examines four case studies in the Caribbean (Jamaica and Barbados) and Latin America (Mexico and Chile) to assess what these countries are or are not doing, and why, in promoting renewable DG. These cases are also assessed in the light of the experience of Denmark, which has the world's highest share of DG (over 50 percent of electricity generation), mostly done with wind and cogeneration. This paper was presented at the Fifth Americas Competiveness Forum for the Inter-American Development Bank and Compete Caribbean Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 5-7, 2011.
The Sustainability of Urban Heritage Preservation: The Case of Oporto
Authors: Silva Ana Tarrafa
Published: March 2024

The Oporto authorities currently face the challenge to revitalize the Historic Center of Oporto and make it attractive for investors without compromising the permanence of the traditional residents and their integration with new ones. This study discusses the impacts and sustainability of the rehabilitation and revitalization efforts, as well as how authorities can prevent gentrification and desertion, which can jeopardize the outstanding universal value of the Historic Center of Oporto.
Measuring the Competitiveness of Selected CARICOM Countries: The Findings of the Global Competitiveness Index 2009-2010: Private Sector Development Discussion Paper #1
Authors: Trujillo Herrera Eva , Drzeniek-Hanouz Margareta , Mia Irene
Published: March 2024

The World Economic Forum (WEF) views competitiveness as the potential of a country to grow in a sustained way over the medium to long term and thus create prosperity for its citizens. The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), developed by Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martin of Columbia University together with the WEF, represents a powerful tool to shed light on the complex set of factors, policies, and institutions that determine the level of national productivity and therefore the diverging growth experiences of countries. Identifying the long-term drivers of economic growth becomes even more relevant in the current context of global economic downturn, in which short-term urgencies tend to dominate political debate and political agendas. In this situation, policymakers neglect the longer-term view at their peril, since economies displaying strong competitiveness fundamentals are able to better weather business cycle downturns and ensure that mechanisms enabling solid economic growth going into the future are in place.
The Role of National Development Banks in Intermediating International Climate Finance to Scale Up Private Sector Investments
Authors: Serra Lucila , Smallridge Diana , Buchner Barbara , Gomes Lorenzo José Juan , Trabacchi Chiara , Netto Maria
Published: March 2024

Significant investments are needed to support the global transition to a low-carbon, climate resilient future. Current finance flows fall short of global financing needs, and massive scaling up is needed to unlock additional financial resources and foster a sustainable investment pathway. Overcoming barriers to private sector investments is critical, and international climate finance can play a catalytic role in this regard. National development banks (NDBs) have a unique role in this context, both complementing and catalyzing private sector players. NDBs have a privileged position in their local markets, strong knowledge of and long-standing relationships with the local private sector, a good understanding of local barriers to investment, and opportunities and vast experience in long-term investment financing. This paper discusses the unique role that NDBs could play in scaling up private financing for climate change mitigation projects through the intermediation of international and national public climate finance in their respective local credit markets and the conditions that would be needed for them to be most effective. It draws from experiences in international climate finance and best practices, processes, and products of NDBs within the Latin American and Caribbean region.
Impact Evaluation in a Multiple Program World
Authors: Volpe Martincus Christian , Crespi Gustavo , Alvarez Roberto
Published: March 2024

Firms get assistance from different public and private entities and these alternative assistances can affect export outcomes. Ignoring other interventions implies leaving unaddressed relevant policy relevant questions, such as whether there are complementarities among programs that could be explicitly exploited through an adequate design of policy instruments, their coordination and sequencing; and even what would an appropriate institutional organization of public support to the private sector to maximize potential synergies (i.e., single agencies with divisions vs. articulated separated agencies, cross-participation of managers in related agencies, rotation of public officers among entities, etc.). This study is a first step towards closing such a gap in the empirical literature and providing answers to those open policy questions. In making this move forward, we examine the interplay between export and innovation promotion programs.
Reforming the Revenue-Sharing Fund for the States (FPE)
Authors: Ter-Minassian Teresa
Published: March 2024

This paper focuses on options for reforming the Brazilian Revenue-Sharing scheme for the States, the so-called Fundo de Participação dos Estados or FPE, which constitutes one of the main intergovernmental transfers in Brazil. This focus is justified by the fact that such a reform has become an urgent policy priority, following a decision of the country's Supreme Court to declare the current formula for horizontal distribution of the FPE unconstitutional and require the enactment of a new formula by the beginning of 2013.