bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of the Genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 (Squamata: Colubridae) from Baise, Guangxi, China
Authors: XU YU-HAO , YANG DIAN-CHENG , GONG YAN-AN , WU JIA-XIANG , HUANG RU-YI , LIU YONG-JIN , LIANG SHENG-MING , HUANG TIAN-QI , HUANG SONG
Published: July 2023

A new species of the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 is described from Youjiang District, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, based on a single adult female specimen. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) dorsal scale rows 19-17-17, feebly keeled except the outermost row; (2) tail length comparatively long, TAL/TL ratio 0.30 in females; (3) ventrals 160 (+ 3 preventrals); (4) subcaudals 112; (5) supralabials 9, the fourth to sixth in contact with the eye; (6) infralabials 10, the first 5 touching the first pair of chin shields; (7) preocular 1; (8) postoculars 2; (9) temporals 4, arranged in three rows (1+1+2); (10) maxillary teeth 30, the last 3 enlarged, without diastem; (11) postocular streak presence; (12) background color of dorsal brownish black, a conspicuous, uniform, continuous beige stripe extending from behind the eye to the end of the tail; (13) anterior venter creamish-yellow, gradually fades to the rear, with irregular black blotches in the middle and outer quarter of ventrals, the posterior part almost completely black. The discovery of the new species increases the number of species in the genus Hebius to 51.
Frazeologia polskiej gwary mieszkańców wsi Wierszyna na Syberii na początku XXI wieku
Authors: Grupa-Dolińska Magdalena
Published: July 2023

This is the corrected version of the retracted article under the same title, which was published with the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2787  
Phraseology of the Polish Dialect of the Inhabitants of Vershina Village in Siberia at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century 
The first Polish voluntary settlers appeared in the area of present-day Vershina village at the beginning of the twentieth century. Despite functioning in isola­tion from their linguistic homeland, the inhabitants of Vershina still use their dialectal Polish, which displays a combination of various features of the Lesser Polish dialectal area. The speech of the inhabitants of Vershina also displays the increasingly stronger influence of the Russian language. Despite the relatively rich literature on the language of Poles in Vershina, its phraseology has not as yet been described. This article is an attempt to partially fill this gap by showing the state of this phraseology in the first decades of the twenty-first century. The study presents Polish phraseologisms preserved in the speech of the Poles in Vershina as well as the units which are a consequence of the influence of the Russian language on their dialectal Polish in the field of phraseology.
 
To jest poprawiona wersja wycofanego artykułu o tym samym tytule, który był opublikowany pod następującym numerem DOI: https://doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2787
Frazeologia polskiej gwary mieszkańców wsi Wierszyna na Syberii na początku XXI wieku
Pierwsi polscy dobrowolni osadnicy pojawili się na obszarze dzisiejszej Wierszyny na początku XX wieku. Mimo funkcjonowania w oderwaniu od ojczyzny językowej, mieszkańcy Wierszyny do dziś posługują się polską gwarą, stanowiącą połączenie cech różnych gwar dialektu małopolskiego. W mowie wierszynian widoczny jest także coraz silniejszy wpływ języka rosyjskiego. Mimo stosunkowo bogatej literatury na temat języka Polaków w Wierszynie, frazeologia do tej pory nie doczekała się opisu. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę częściowego uzupełnienia tej luki poprzez ukazanie stanu zarejestrowanego w pierwszych dekadach XXI wieku. W artykule zostały zaprezentowane zachowane w mowie wierszynian frazeologizmy znane w polszczyźnie oraz te jednostki, które stanowią konsekwencję wpływu języka rosyjskiego na polską gwarę w zakresie frazeologii.
The Mazurian Question in the Past and Today: A Commentary to W. Pohorecki’s Article “Mazurzy w Prusach Wschodnich” [Mazurians in East Prussia] (1932)
Authors: Rembiszewska Dorota Krystyna
Published: July 2023

This paper is a commentary to W. Pohorecki’s article devoted to Mazurians in East Prussia, published in 1932. The comments focus on information which is still of interest today (data on the status of Mazurians in the interwar period, identity issues), and identify issues which are rather of historical interest (the state of education, Germanization in various spheres of life).
The Crisis at the Polish-Belarusian Border: Sites and Things
Authors: Judzińska Natalia , Sendyka Roma
Published: July 2023

The ongoing humanitarian crisis at the Polish-Belarusian border has not attracted mass public attention in Poland or in the world. Rare visuals of asylum seekers and migration conditions are rather provided by activist portals, and thus they circulate among those working to solve the crisis. Consequently, access to knowledge about the experience of undocumented migration across the Polish border and its conditions is limited. Observing the material background and the traces of the route, both in terms of its topography and instrumental equipment, allows us to get closer to the inaccessible information. The authors propose a preliminary typology of migration sites and objects used by people on the move. Such a research strategy not only examines migration processes through secondary symptoms, but it can also be understood as a supportive gesture towards asylum seekers. Material analysis makes it possible to reveal the experience of migration in a way that does not infringe on the precarious security of people on the move.
Generation of Multiple Gravity Wave Couplets from Convection
Authors: Yang Hongpei , Du Yu , Wei Junhong
Published: July 2023

The generation of multiple wave couplets with deep tropospheric downdrafts/updrafts by convection is explored through idealized 2D moist numerical simulations as well as dry experiments with prescribed artificial latent heating. These wave couplets are capable of horizontally propagating over a long distance at a fast speed with vertical motions spanning the entire troposphere. The timing of wave generation is determined by the variation in the local heating rate, which arose from the imbalances among latent heating, nonlinear advection, and adiabatic heating/cooling. The amplitudes of wave couplets also correspond well with the strength of the local heating rate. The heat budget analysis highlights the crucial roles of both latent heating and nonlinear advection in the generation of the tropospheric wave couplets. Strong latent heating induces the thermodynamic imbalance and thus triggers waves. Meanwhile, latent heating also increases vertical motion in the source region and thus enhances nonlinear advection through transferring heat upward. Nonlinear advection, which has a comparable magnitude to latent heating in the upper troposphere, partially offsets the balancing effect of adiabatic heating/cooling, and results in a more persistent imbalance at high levels, allowing for the emission of consecutive waves even when latent heating becomes weak. In the simulation with weak nonlinear advection, fewer wave couplets are found, as the effect of latent heating is more easily offset by adiabatic cooling before it weakens.

Significance Statement

The generation of gravity waves in the troposphere by convection is of significant importance in the fields of atmospheric science and meteorology. The waves play a crucial role in the initiation and organization of convection, and the parameterization of wave momentum flux in global numerical models. This study aimed to investigate the generation of wave couplets in the troposphere through idealized numerical simulations with varying prescribed latent heating. The results showed that gravity wave couplets were generated in succession as a result of the imbalances among latent heating, nonlinear advection, and adiabatic heating/cooling. This study highlighted an important but yet complex issue of gravity waves being generated within convection by nonlinear sources other than latent heating, which had been neglected in many recent studies on the topic. These findings deepened our understanding of convectively generated gravity waves and paved the way for coupled wave–convection relationship studies.
A Closer Look at the Evolution of Supercooled Cloud Droplet Temperature and Lifetime in Different Environmental Conditions with Implications for Ice Nucleation in the Evaporating Regions of Clouds
Authors: Roy Puja , Rauber Robert M. , Di Girolamo Larry
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the evolution of temperature and lifetime of evaporating, supercooled cloud droplets considering initial droplet radius (r0) and temperature (), and environmental relative humidity (RH), temperature (T∞), and pressure (P). The time (tss) required by droplets to reach a lower steady-state temperature (Tss) after sudden introduction into a new subsaturated environment, the magnitude of ΔT = T∞ − Tss, and droplet survival time (tst) at Tss are calculated. The temperature difference (ΔT) is found to increase with T∞, and decrease with RH and P. ΔT was typically 1–5 K lower than T∞, with highest values (∼10.3 K) for very low RH, low P, and T∞ closer to 0°C. Results show that tss is <0.5 s over the range of initial droplet and environmental conditions considered. Larger droplets (r0 = 30–50 μm) can survive at Tss for about 5 s to over 10 min, depending on the subsaturation of the environment. For higher RH and larger droplets, droplet lifetimes can increase by more than 100 s compared to those with droplet cooling ignored. Tss of the evaporating droplets can be approximated by the environmental thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature. Radiation was found to play a minor role in influencing droplet temperatures, except for larger droplets in environments close to saturation. The implications for ice nucleation in cloud-top generating cells and near cloud edges are discussed. Using Tss instead of T∞ in widely used parameterization schemes could lead to enhanced number concentrations of activated ice-nucleating particles (INPs), by a typical factor of 2–30, with the greatest increases (≥100) coincident with low RH, low P, and T∞ closer to 0°C.

Significance Statement

Cloud droplet temperature plays an important role in fundamental cloud processes like droplet growth and decay, activation of ice-nucleating particles, and determination of radiative parameters like refractive indices of water droplets. Near cloud boundaries such as cloud tops, dry air mixes with cloudy air exposing droplets to environments with low relative humidities. This study examines how the temperature of a cloud droplet that is supercooled (i.e., has an initial temperature < 0°C) evolves in these subsaturated environments. Results show that when supercooled cloud droplets evaporate near cloud boundaries, their temperatures can be several degrees Celsius lower than the surrounding drier environment. The implications of this additional cooling of droplets near cloud edges on ice particle formation are discussed.
The Role of Subtropical Rossby Waves in Amplifying the Divergent Circulation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Barpanda Pragallva , Tulich Stefan N. , Dias Juliana , Kiladis George N.
Published: July 2023

The composite structure of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) has long been known to feature pronounced Rossby gyres in the subtropical upper troposphere, whose existence can be interpreted as the forced response to convective heating anomalies in the presence of a subtropical westerly jet. The question of interest here is whether these forced gyre circulations have any subsequent effects on divergence patterns in the tropics and the Kelvin-mode component of the MJO. A nonlinear spherical shallow water model is used to investigate how the introduction of different background jet profiles affects the model’s steady-state response to an imposed MJO-like stationary thermal forcing. Results show that a stronger jet leads to a stronger Kelvin-mode response in the tropics up to a critical jet speed, along with stronger divergence anomalies in the vicinity of the forcing. To understand this behavior, additional calculations are performed in which a localized vorticity forcing is imposed in the extratropics, without any thermal forcing in the tropics. The response is once again seen to include pronounced equatorial Kelvin waves, provided the jet is of sufficient amplitude. A detailed analysis of the vorticity budget reveals that the zonal-mean zonal wind shear plays a key role in amplifying the Kelvin-mode divergent winds near the equator, with the effects of nonlinearities being of negligible importance. These results help to explain why the MJO tends to be strongest during boreal winter when the Indo-Pacific jet is typically at its strongest.

Significance Statement

The MJO is a planetary-scale convectively coupled equatorial disturbance that serves as a primary source of atmospheric predictability on intraseasonal time scales (30–90 days). Due to its dominance and spontaneous recurrence, the MJO has a significant global impact, influencing hurricanes in the tropics, storm tracks, and atmosphere blocking events in the midlatitudes, and even weather systems near the poles. Despite steady improvements in subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) forecast models, the MJO prediction skill has still not reached its maximum potential. The root of this challenge is partly due to our lack of understanding of how the MJO interacts with the background mean flow. In this work, we use a simple one-layer atmospheric model with idealized heating and vorticity sources to understand the impact of the subtropical jet on the MJO amplitude and its horizontal structure.
Seasonal Variations of Recharge–Storage–Runoff Process over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lei Yonghui , Li Rui , Letu Husi , Shi Jiancheng
Published: July 2023

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a vital and vulnerable water tower that supports the livelihoods of billions of people. The use of a data-driven recharge–storage–runoff perspective enables a more comprehensive estimation of multiple aspects of the water cycle. Through an analysis of the diagnostic net water flux from ERA5, water storage changes (dS/dt) from GRACE, runoff estimations (R) from the land–atmosphere water balance, and river discharge measurements (Rd), the annual cycle of recharge–storage–runoff has been studied over the TP and its basins. The net water flux determines a recharge of 326 mm yr−1 over the TP. Recharge in coupled storages, leading to an increase in water mass (dS/dt > 0) and runoff (R > 0) during the wet season, is considered the fast response and is measured using the ratio of runoff to net water flux (r1). Conversely, the slow response determined by the water storage release (dS/dt < 0) during the dry season is quantified by the ratio of storage release to runoff (r2). The ratios of r1 and r2 are influenced by climatic and terrain drivers, indicating specific characteristics of recharge–storage–runoff at the basin scale. Small r1 values and large r2 values suggest high buffer capacity, while the basin of Amu Darya (Salween) is characterized by the highest (lowest) buffer capacity over the TP. However, measurements of river discharge at Amu Darya suggest an uncoupled recharge–storage–runoff. The imbalance between river discharge and runoff estimation was most severe in the first decade of the twenty-first century but has been mitigated since 2012. River discharge at Amu Darya is likely constrained by energy during summer.
The Distressed Communities Index: A Measure of Community-Level Economic Deprivation and Rate of Firearm Injuries in Maryland
Authors: Akinyemi Oluwasegun A. , Weldeslase Terhas A. , Hughes Kakra , Williams Mallory , Cornwell Edward E.
Published: July 2023

Background

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between community-level economic deprivation, as measured by the Distressed Communities Index (DCI) and ED visits on account of firearm injuries (assaults and unintentional).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted using the Maryland State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD) from January 2019 to December 2020 to explore the association between the DCI and ED visits because of firearm injuries (assaults and unintentional). The DCI utilizes 7 variables, based on zip codes, generating 5 levels of socioeconomic distress (prosperous, comfortable, mid-tier, at-risk, and distressed). In a multivariate analysis, we adjusted for age, sex, mental conditions, alcohol addiction, substance abuse, smoking, race/ethnicity, insurance type, and median income.

Results

Of the 2725 ED visits for firearm injuries, 84.5% were Black and 88.5% male. The median age was 27 (21-35) years, and the mortality rate was 17.7%. A statistically significant association was found between economic deprivation and ED visits for firearm injuries. Compared to prosperous communities, the odds ratios (ORs) were comfortable (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.71, P = .03), mid-tier (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.33-2.15, P < .001), at-risk (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.17-1.99, P < .001), and distressed (OR = 2.65, 95% CI 2.11-3.33, P < .001).

Discussion

The study highlights the significant association between community-level economic deprivation, as measured by the Distressed Communities Index, and the incidence of firearm injuries in Maryland. The findings underscore the importance of addressing socioeconomic disparities and implementing targeted interventions to reduce firearm-related injuries in economically distressed communities.
Two Theories of Self-Determination: The Discourse of Democratic Peoplehood in Colonial Korea
Authors: Lee Chungjae
Published: July 2023

This article examines two distinct ways in which anticolonial thinkers in early twentieth-century Korea reconstructed their nondemocratic tradition in an attempt to justify (rather than take for granted) the claim of self-determination. The exposure to modern education and ideas of democracy prompted these thinkers to critically engage their tradition in the struggle for self-determination. That said, they could not simply abandon the cultural foundation of their nation. Japanese colonial rule drew its legitimacy from not only an assimilation ideology that the Japanese and Koreans shared the same ethnic origin but also a developmentalist conception of the colonized that they were premodern and incapable of self-rule. To reject imperial domination, Korean anticolonial thinkers needed to invent out of their country’s nondemocratic tradition (1) an unassimilable nation/people (2) capable of self-rule. Drawing upon the political writings of two early twentieth-century thinkers in colonial Korea, Yi Kwang-su (1892–1950) and Cho So-ang (1887–1958), I discover from their political thought two nuanced approaches to this project of inventing “the people” in the colonial world. I argue that while Yi succeeded in rebutting the colonial ideology of assimilation, he fell into the trap of developmentalism. I contend that Cho, on the contrary, sidestepped this trap with his revisionist reading of the Confucian past as a history of democratic transformation, thus providing an immediate alternative to imperial sovereignty.
Case Report: A Parotid Abscess With Otorrhea, Drainage via the Fissure of Santorini
Authors: Koch Mikaela R. , Cohen Seth A. , Shah Nilesh
Published: July 2023

We report a case of a healthy 62-year-old male with no identifiable risk factors who presented with a 2-week history of progressive unilateral parotid gland enlargement and tenderness followed by subsequent otorrhea. A computed tomography scan and ultrasound confirmed a markedly enlarged posterior aspect of the parotid gland with the evidence of necrosis. The culture of aspirated fluid grew Staphylococcus aureus. Purulent fluid was then noted draining from the external auditory canal, via the fissure of Santorini. The patient was treated with antibiotics, pain management, and daily parotid massage with complete resolution of the parotitis. Acute bacterial parotitis with subsequent drainage and otorrhea through the fissures of Santorini is rare, with only a few reported cases in the literature.
Collective Bargaining and Strategic Disclosure in Earnings Conference Calls
Authors: Bjornsen Matt , Do Chuong , Omer Thomas C.
Published: July 2023

Prior studies provide evidence that unionized firms tend to have more negative disclosure than non-unionized firms. These studies interpret this behavior as managers of unionized firms manipulating disclosure to gain an advantage in collective bargaining but do not directly test this assumption. An alternative explanation is that unionized firm managers disclose their union-deflated prospects. Using measures designed to represent disclosure manipulation, we find that (a) managers of unionized firms tend to script their answers in conference calls to a greater extent when union-related proprietary costs are higher, (b) unionized firm managers actively cast earnings calls with unfavorable analysts before labor negotiations, and (c) when union-related proprietary costs are higher, a larger share of managers’ negative language occurs in sentences with linguistic cues of deception. Our findings suggest that managers of unionized firms manipulate disclosure to mitigate union-related proprietary costs.
Day of Rage: Forensic journalism and the US Capitol riot
Authors: Gates Kelly
Published: July 2023

This article examines how video journalism produced by the elite press is using forensic techniques and aesthetics as part of the effort to reinvent journalistic authority in a fragmented media and political sphere. I first discuss some earlier moments in which news coverage of events adopted a media-forensic epistemology and style, and then turn to the formation of the New York Times Visual Investigations team, a group at the leading-edge of this type of journalism today. I provide an analysis of one of the team’s investigative reports, a 40-minute account of the January 6 Capitol riot assembled from vernacular video, surveillance footage, police bodycam video, and other non-news source materials. In both its formal aspects and its subject matter, the piece represents an important example for understanding an emerging form of forensic journalism. While the January 6 Capitol riot was not the first time news coverage of a violent event adopted a forensic style and epistemology, the forensic-media coverage of the riot represents a unique conjuncture. A new convergence of media-technological developments and journalist practices shaped how the storming of the Capitol was experienced, investigated, and covered as a media event.
Moderating for a friend of mine: Content moderation as affective reproduction in Chinese live-streaming
Authors: Xiao Fan
Published: July 2023

Bridging the theory of affective labor and reproductive labor, this paper proposes “affective reproduction” as a critical framework to analyze the unpaid work of volunteer content moderation. Findings from this study problematize the one-sided focus on streamers in the extant literature on platform labor vis-à-vis live-streaming. It contends that fan moderators help streamers reproduce the live-streaming atmosphere as friendly, pleasant, and relevant, facilitating Internet celebrities’ money-making. This study contributes to studies of digital labor in two ways: 1) it expands the labor and work perspective to the study of content moderation and discloses the indirect value-generating nature of this work; 2) the designation of moderator in Chinese live-streaming platforms reveals a new form of work organization that exploits digital intimacy, transforming platform users into non-professional, secondary cultural workers. The proposed framework is applicable to various forms of participatory media, in which users are encouraged to manage and regulate their peers.
Does the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic actually cause dysfunctional dietary behavior? A comment on Dinse et al. (2023)
Authors: Meule Adrian
Published: July 2023

Based on a recent cross-sectional study using self-report questionnaires, Dinse and colleagues (2023) claim that this study shows that “the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic causes a dysfunctional dietary behavior” (title) and that the “data clearly show that psychological burdens affect an individual's dietary behavior” (abstract). This commentary argues that these claims are unfounded. Specifically, it highlights some issues regarding the statistical analyses that refer to artificial categorization of continuous variables, use of covariates, and interpreting differential associations between two variables as a function of third variables, which would require formal tests of interaction effects. Importantly, not only the cross-sectional nature of the study but also the wording used in the questionnaires prevents drawing any causal inferences about associations between study variables. Thus, the results of this study neither indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic causes dysfunctional dietary behavior nor that such a dietary behavior is affected by psychological distress.
Resistance in Business-to-Business “Cold” Sales Calls
Authors: Humă Bogdana , Stokoe Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

In “cold” sales calls, the salesperson's job is to turn call-takers, or “prospects,” into clients while, very often, the latter resist them. In contrast to laboratory-based research, “cold” calls provide a natural environment where the stakes are real and resistance is manifest. We collected and transcribed 159 “cold” calls the goal of which was for salespeople to secure an appointment to meet prospects. Using discursive psychology and conversation analysis, we identified two practices—“blocks” and “stalls”—through which prospects resisted salespeople's attempts to schedule a sales appointment while also moving to terminate the interaction or delay the scheduling of an eventual appointment. Our findings show that, when approached as an interactive and situated discursive accomplishment, rather than a cognitive process, the practices involved in resisting can be better identified, described, and shared in ways that transform our understanding of resistance as a social psychological phenomenon.
Identification of Hazardous Materials Truck Stops and Their Spatio-Temporal Distribution by Using GPS Trajectories
Authors: Liu Sijing , Wang Hongjian , Li Guoqi , Chen Gang
Published: July 2023

Existing studies on hazardous materials trucks mainly focus on route selection and risk assessment during truck movements, neglecting the potential threat to the areas which surround truck stops. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to identify the truck stops from GPS data based on the temporal and spatial attributes, and classify the categories of hazardous materials truck stops according to the Chinese National Economy Industry Classification System. GIS spatial analysis method is then employed to establish the temporal and spatial distribution of different categories of stops. Taking the trajectory data of hazardous materials trucks in Chengdu, China, as the sample dataset, the study shows that the trucks are mainly used in service, manufacturing, and wholesale and retail industries, and more than 80% of the stops are located outside the urban core area. Concerning stay time, nearly 60% of trucks stay in the identified areas for less than 2 h and only 20% of trucks for more than 9 h. The peak periods for the arrival of the trucks at most stops are 9–12 a.m. and 2–10 p.m., and stops on weekdays have less influence on their spatial distribution. Such results can provide decision-making support to government departments in their designation of operation sites, regulatory facilities, and transportation corridors, and transportation companies can arrange transportation routes and travel time according to the management measures thus taken.
Variation of Pilots’ Mental Workload Under Emergency Flight Conditions Induced by Different Equipment Failures: A Flight Simulator Study
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Yuan Jiajun , Jiao Yubo , Liu Haiyue , Fu Liping , Jiang Chaozhe , Wen Chao
Published: July 2023

Pilots’ excessive mental workload could reduce their ability to perform concurrent tasks during emergency flights, which is one of the most critical aviation safety concerns. Several past efforts have attempted to investigate the underlying issues, but all had limited success owing to the challenge of collecting representative data under realistic operating conditions. This study aimed to address this challenge by conducting a flight simulator study involving a comparatively large number of participants, who were pilot cadets with flight experience, and using noninvasive functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to collect the pilots’ brain activity data. Pilots’ subjective ratings and brain activity records were collected over a total of 75 simulated flights under three subtask scenarios comprising different equipment failures. A statistical analysis was carried out on the subjective ratings and on the changes observed in the saturation of the oxyhemoglobin (ΔOxyHb) of individual fNIRS channels. The mental workload of the pilots was classified using a support vector machine hierarchical combination classifier, focusing on the question of whether it is feasible to classify pilots’ mental workload using brain activity signals (i.e., ΔOxyHb). The results suggested that the pilots’ mental workload levels were highly associated with the ΔOxyHb measures as well as with the activities of different brain regions, including the prefrontal-, motor-, and occipital cortex. The findings from this study could provide a reference for optimizing pilot training systems and improving pilot performance during emergency flight operations.
Extensive Model and Matheuristic Algorithm for the Train Platforming Problem with Two-Train-Capacity Tracks: A Case Study of Prague Central Station
Authors: Akyol Özer Emine , Bulicek Josef , Saraç Tugba
Published: July 2023

This paper provides a deeper insight into the train platforming problem (TPP). Many studies have focused on different versions of train scheduling and routing problems, and most of them assume that the platform track’s capacity is one train. However, especially in busy and complex railway stations, most platform tracks are divided into two parts, allowing two trains to simultaneously share the same platform track for passenger boarding/alighting. This results in more efficient train assignment to the platform tracks. In addition, consideration of the track capacity makes the problem more difficult because directions of trains are problematic. Motivated by this challenge, we consider the TPP with two-train-capacity tracks. We first describe the problem in detail and then propose a mixed-integer programming model. The objective of the considered problem is to minimize the total weighted train delays, which are defined as the difference between the departure times calculated by the mathematical model (M1) and the scheduled departure times of the trains in the timetable. Because of the NP-hard nature of the problem, the proposed M1 may not find feasible solutions for large-size problems. Thus, a matheuristic algorithm (MA) is developed to solve large-size problems. We used randomly generated test problems to demonstrate the performance of the proposed M1 and MA. Experimental results showed that MA outperforms M1 in both solution quality and solution time. Additionally, a case study was conducted at the central station of Prague, Czechia.
Tideglusib-incorporated nanofibrous scaffolds potently induce odontogenic differentiation
Authors: Tabassum Nadia , Khalid Saira , Ghafoor Sarah , Woo Kyung Mi , Lee Eun Hye , Samie Muhammad , Konain Kiran , Ponnusamy Sasikumar , Arany Praveen , Rahman Saeed Ur
Published: July 2023

Pulp-Dentin regeneration is a key aspect of maintain tooth vitality and enabling good oral-systemic health. This study aimed to investigate a nanofibrous scaffold loaded with a small molecule i.e. Tideglusib to promote odontogenic differentiation. Tideglusib (GSK-3β inhibitor) interaction with GSK-3β was determined using molecular docking and stabilization of β-catenin was examined by confocal microscopy. 3D nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated through electrospinning and their physicochemical characterizations were performed. Scaffolds were seeded with mesenchymal stem cells or pre-odontoblast cells to determine the cells proliferation and odontogenic differentiation. Our results showed that Tideglusib (TG) binds with GSK-3β at Cys199 residue. Stabilization and nuclear translocation of β-catenin was increased in the odontoblast cells treated with TG. SEM analysis revealed that nanofibers exhibited controlled architectural features that effectively mimicked the natural ECM. UV-Vis spectroscopy demonstrated that TG was incorporated successfully and released in a controlled manner. Both kinds of biomimetic nanofibrous matrices (PCLF-TG100, PCLF-TG1000) significantly stimulated cells proliferation. Furthermore, these scaffolds significantly induced dentinogenic markers (ALP, and DSPP) expression and biomineralization. In contrast to current pulp capping material driving dentin repair, the sophisticated, polymeric scaffold systems with soluble and insoluble spatiotemporal cues described here can direct stem cell differentiation and dentin regeneration. Hence, bioactive small molecule-incorporated nanofibrous scaffold suggests an innovative clinical tool for dentin tissue engineering.
Life Events and Personality Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bühler Janina Larissa , Orth Ulrich , Bleidorn Wiebke , Weber Elisa , Kretzschmar André , Scheling Louisa , Hopwood Christopher J.
Published: July 2023

While there is some evidence for changes in personality traits, life satisfaction, and self-esteem as a function of life events, effects have been small and inconsistent across studies. In this preregistered meta-analysis, we summarize the available evidence on personality change in response to life events using data from 44 studies, including 89 samples with a total of 121,187 participants. Results supported reliable and specific albeit relatively small effects of life events on personality change. Effects were larger and more consistent in the work than in the love domain, with graduation, the first job, a new relationship, marriage, and divorce showing the strongest effects on change in personality variables. Estimates were largely comparable across samples with and without comparison groups. Finally, moderator analyses indicated significant effects of time lag on the links between life events in the love domain and personality change but no effects of other examined variables. We discuss these results in the context of a field-wide turn towards designs that go beyond the study of single life events to examine the mechanisms of personality change using more sophisticated and sensitive designs.
A Concept Analysis of Cultural Appreciation in Addressing the Wholistic Health Needs of Indigenous People
Authors: Morriseau Kara , Fowler Susan B.
Published: July 2023

Aim: Cultural appreciation is found within the arts, psychology, counseling, health disciplines, and education. Currently, in the literature, there is not a strong link between cultural appreciation, nursing, and Indigenous people. The aim of this concept analysis is to analyze the concept of cultural appreciation for nurse educators, nurse researchers, and nurse leaders to apply to culturally appreciate Indigenous people within their geographical areas which can result in meeting their wholistic care needs. Design: This concept analysis of cultural appreciation uses Walker & Avant’s (2019) approach to define cultural appreciation, antecedents, empirical referents, and consequences. Results: The antecedents of cultural appreciation are cultural appropriation, oppression, cultural prejudice, privilege, and lack of knowledge to integrate the wholistic health of Indigenous people into practice, education, and research. The defining attributes of cultural appreciation are awareness, knowledge acquisition, and desire. The consequence of cultural appreciation is wholistic care of Indigenous people as defined by their ways of knowing and being. Conclusion: The concept analysis of cultural appreciation integrates Indigenous wholistic health beliefs and ways of knowing and being that can advance holistic nursing knowledge for nurses, educators, and researchers.
Varieties of governance versatility and institutions: Comparing the governance of primary care performance in six jurisdictions
Authors: Burau Viola , Tenbensel Tim , Denis Jean-Louis , Dickinson Helen , Gardner Karen , Groenewegen Peter , Kuhlmann Ellen
Published: July 2023

Research on governance often assumes that governance requires combinations of hierarchical, market and network co-ordination. However, governance versatility – understood as the existence of a repertoire of different modes of coordination – is not a characteristic of all instances of governance. The aim of this paper is to offer a more thorough analysis by exploring existing levels of governance versatility and how these are influenced by institutional profiles. Our comparative study of primary care performance across six jurisdictions suggests that higher levels of governance versatility can be shaped by very different institutional profiles. Our analysis raises important questions for future studies of governance versatility.
“Do you Really Believe that There is Something More?” – The Offer of Transcendental Communication by Pastoral Care Workers in German Hospices and Palliative Care Units: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Nassehi Armin , Saake Irmhild , Breitsameter Christof , Bauer Anna , Barth Niklas , Berger Katharina , Gigou Sophie
Published: July 2023

Background

Palliative Care also encompasses the dimension of spiritual pain. Pastoral care workers and chaplains are specialists in the provision of spiritual care. Decreasing religious affiliation and increasing spiritual diversification in modern societies raise the question of the function of pastoral care.

Aim

The goal of this study is to answer the question of what pastoral care workers can offer to dying residents in hospices and palliative care units.

Design

A qualitative interview study was designed to explore the specific perspective of pastoral care workers in a multidisciplinary environment. The study is based on differentiation theory which is particularly well adjusted to reveal differences in perspectives in so called ‘holistic’ care settings. The reporting follows the COREQ guidelines.

Setting

Problem centered interviews were conducted at five hospices and two palliative care units.

Results

Eight pastoral care workers were interviewed (5 Catholic, 3 Protestant, mean age of 58 years). The analysis of the interviews revealed three major themes: (A) Self-positioning in relation to the organization, (B) Offering conversations to patients and relatives, (C) Performing religious rituals. Minor themes were: mediating conflicts between patients, relatives and staff, sensing moods in silence with patients and organizing workshops for staff.

Conclusion

In modern hospice care, pastoral care workers routinely address the problem of making death more tangible and of answering the unanswerable question of what comes afterwards. Through this, they support dying residents in hospices and palliative care units in dealing with the inexplicability of death.
Using the Caprini Risk Score to Increase Awareness of Venous Thrombus Embolism in the Community: Know Your Score II
Authors: Huang Chunping , Tariman Joseph , Simonovich Shannon , Bongirwar Arav , Honavar Divya , Niverthi Mala , Modey Rashi , Caprini Joseph , Laddu Atul
Published: July 2023

To assess individual participants’ baseline thrombosis risk calculated by Caprini Risk Score (CRS) before injury, illness, or hospitalization occur, to increase the awareness of venous thromboembolism (VTE) by viewing 2 short videos. A cross-sectional study was conducted online between August 2022 and January 2023 in the USA, UK, and India to assess the risk of thrombosis of individuals as a baseline. One nursing practitioner and 4 high school students were on the research team. Descriptive statistical methods were used in data analysis. A total of 928 usable completed questionnaires from 945 participants were analyzed. The mean CRS was 4.93 ± 3.175; 0 to 4 (N  =  460, 49.6%), 5 to 8 (N  =  394, 42.5%), and 9 (N  =  74: 8.0%). History of blood clots (N  =  247, 26.6%), <40 years old (N  =  133, 52.6%); women on oral contraceptives (N  =  324, 34.9%), history of smoking (30%), diabetes (26%), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; 17.3%). Top-level findings: High incidence of family history of thrombosis (26.6%), smoking, diabetes, contraceptives, and IBD. The average CRS (7.9) in patients over 75 years indicates that even a minor surgical procedure may be associated with significant VTE risk. We achieved an important goal by increasing awareness of VTE using this unique method involving high school students and a nurse working with friends and families to complete the CRS assessment. Encouraging the respondents to share information with their personal physicians prior to the event and keep these data in their medical file is a potential valuable source of saving time. This study emphasizes the importance of individuals collecting baseline information prior to illness or hospitalization.
The Role of Culture in the Justification and Perpetuation of Domestic Violence: The Perspectives of Service Providers in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Childress Saltanat , Shrestha Nibedita , Kenensarieva Kanykei , Urbaeva Jildyz , Schrag Rachel Voth
Published: July 2023

The study explores the perspectives of service providers on cultural and social reasons used to justify domestic violence in Kyrgyzstan. Results indicate that cultural norms, notably patriarchal customs, immense pressure put on women to save the marriage, stigma of divorce, low status assigned to women, wide acceptance of violence as natural, and fear of retaliation were major reasons that perpetuated domestic violence. Scholars, policymakers, and service providers must collaborate to actively dispel widely accepted beliefs about gender, marriage, and women's status, and to break the cycle of abuse providing help at the individual and community levels.
Integrating evidence-based medicine into resident education
Authors: Terrani Kristina , Ibrahim Ramzi , Brucks Eric
Published: July 2023

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the practice of applying scientific evidence to clinical decision-making, with a focus on addressing the individualized needs and values of patients. It requires not only a solid foundation of medical knowledge and the ability to gather a thorough patient history but also the skills to locate, interpret, and apply relevant principles from the medical literature. Given the rapid advancements in the field of medicine, understanding medical literature holds significant importance for residents during their education and future careers. It is particularly crucial for reducing medical waste, adhering to guidelines, and decreasing morbidity and mortality rates. This paper aims to underscore the significance of increasing residents’ exposure to evidence-based approaches in clinical decision-making, propose time-efficient and effective methods to enhance their understanding of EBM, and promote the implementation of evidence-based practices within the inpatient setting.
An innovative approach to comprehensive communication skills training for residents: A resident-led communication curriculum
Authors: Chang Chelsea Hook , Suri Krishna , Huang Rex , Machiorlatti Michael , Bartl Mery , Mifuji Roque
Published: July 2023

Innovations to enhance residency training in interpersonal and communication skills are needed and a resident-led strategy has not been well-described. In this study, we explored a resident-led comprehensive communication skills curriculum for internal medicine residents. Residents and faculty prepared the curriculum as part of an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Back to Bedside Project and with “The language of caring guide for physicians.” Employing active learning techniques, three residents led 43 internal medicine residents in seven 1 h sessions from 2019 to 2020. Using a 35-question survey, we assessed pre and post self-reported competence in: mindful practice, collaboration and teamwork, effective openings and closing, communicating with empathy, effective explanations, engaging patients and families as partners, and hard conversations. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was employed to explore differences in median scores after matching each person’s pretest and posttest score. The median score for aggregate communication and the scores for all seven competencies assessed improved from pre to post (p < 0.05). This indicates that residents reported higher incidences of performing patient-centered communication skills after the curriculum compared to before. Using a five-point Likert scale, 100% of participants agreed the program improved their communication skills and improved confidence in bedside patient-centered communications. A resident-led comprehensive communication skills curriculum for internal medicine residents was implemented showing improvement in skills over the course of the curriculum. The curriculum was well-accepted by post-survey evaluation and was feasible with motivated resident-leaders, use of an existing guide to communication, and reserved didactic time to implement the program.
COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: Unmasking the critical factors impacting patient survival
Authors: Srichawla Bahadar S , Quast Jared , Pacut Peter , Sivakumar Shravan , Garcia-Dominguez Maria A , Belgrad Jillian , Panda Ashwin , Carbone Sara , Sanders Delia T , Min Eli , Hayes Nicole T , Bose Abigail , Lee Vanessa , Ghasemi Mehdi
Published: July 2023

In the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, intensive care units (ICUs) around the world have been pushed to their limits as they grapple with the effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus. Identifying prognostic factors that influence mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU could offer valuable insights for clinicians seeking to prevent disease progression. A retrospective analysis was conducted on COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU between January and September 2020. The analysis considered patient demographics, comorbidities, neurological and non-neurological symptoms, as well as laboratory markers. The multivariate logistic regression analysis aims to uncover associations between these factors and patient outcomes. Of the 387 patients included in this study, nearly half (48.5%) of the ICU patients succumbed to COVID-19. Factors that contributed to increased mortality included being 60 years of age or older, impaired consciousness, lung disease, elevated international normalized ratio (INR), and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Surprisingly, symptoms such as dizziness/lightheadedness, myalgia, and headache were associated with a higher likelihood of survival. In addition, elevated D-dimer and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, as well as lymphopenia, were more commonly observed in deceased patients. The study concluded that those who died in the ICU tended to be older, white, and burdened with more comorbidities and impaired consciousness. With the intriguing link between specific symptoms and survival, further research is essential to uncover the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that influence ICU patient outcomes in the context of COVID-19.