bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Sourcing of Medical Supplies
Authors: Agca Senay , Birge John , Wu Jing
Published: October 2022

We provide evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has incentivized U.S. firms to rebalance the trade-off between manufacturing cost efficiency and supply chain resilience in their sourcing decisions. Over the past few decades, companies have been outsourcing production to low-cost countries such as China in pursuit of cost-efficiency. However, the risk of supply chain disruptions has been receiving heightened attention recently, as countries strive to prioritize scarce resources for domestic needs during the global pandemic. Our research shows that while China’s supply chain has proved resilient, U.S. companies have increased their access to medical supplies through domestic production. As a result, COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of local capacity and changed the traditional perception of outsourcing from a purely economic efficiency focus to one emphasizing the need to balance risks in global exposures.
Baseline Body Mass Index Influences the Responses to Exercise Training on Quality of Life in Women with Obesity
Authors: Ribeiro Leonardo , Paravidino Vitor , Gonçalves Tatiana , Duque Alice , Junior Luiz , Brabosa Jose , Mediano Mauro
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Exercise has been documented as a critical strategy for improving physical and mental health. However, the impact of exercise training (ET) on quality of life (QoL) among obese is controversial. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of a 20-week ET program in women with obesity and the influence of baseline weight status on QoL responses to the ET program. Methods: This secondary analysis from a quasi-experimental study included 40 obese women (BMI >30 kg/m2) aged between 18 and 65 years old (20 interventions and 20 controls). The intervention group participated in a moderate-to-vigorous intensity ET thrice a week, nutritional guidance, and psychological support. The control group received the same activities of nutritional guidance and psychological support but did not perform the ET. Measurements of QoL (WHOQOL-Bref) were performed at baseline and after 20- week follow-up. Results: No significant impact of 20-week ET on QoL among obese women was observed. However, greater improvements in physical health, psychological, social relationship, and environment domains were observed for every increase in 1 unit of baseline BMI, except for the overall QoL score. Conclusions/Recommendation: We can speculate that the better QoL responses to ET among those with higher BMI at baseline may be explained by the fact that individuals with more severe obesity are more impacted by functional limitations, stigmatization, discrimination, and social isolation; therefore, presenting worse QoL.
Survival Benefit of High Dose Versus Usual Dose of Baricitinib in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Huq Shihan , Ahmed Raziuddin , Ahmed Mahiuddin , Rabbani Raihan , Hasan Jahidul , Anam Ahmad
Published: October 2022

Baricitinib is an oral selective Janus kinase 1 and 2 inhibitor with known anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties. In patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), baricitinib has shown to reduce the risk of death in line with dexamethasone and tocilizumab. However, the most effective and safe dose or optimal dose of baricitinib in severe COVID-19 was not addressed. We conducted this systematic review to assess whether higher than usual dose could further improve survival as primary outcome. The need of ICU (Intensive care Unit) and Invasive or non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, time to wean from oxygen, length of stay at hospital and adverse events were analyzed as secondary outcome. We included 10,032 patients in 5 studies (2 randomised control trials and 3 high quality clinical trials). Among them,5,071 patients received baricitinib at different dosage (4909 patients received 4 mg once daily and 162 patients got more than 4 mg daily) and 4961 received standard of care. Baseline characteristics including mean age, sex, co-morbidities, inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein/CRP) were similar across the intervention and standard care groups. 4 out of 5 trials showed significant survival benefit in baricitinib group usual to higher dose (4 to 8 mg daily). Use of higher dose in 3 controlled trials was associated with significant reduction in admission to ICU and requirement of invasive or non-invasive ventilation support, shortening of hospital stay and earlier stabilization of oxygen status which was not evident in two randomized control trials using usual dose (4 mg daily). There was no significant difference in any serious adverse events or opportunistic infections between higher dose versus usual dose group. Therefore, baricitinib in higher dose could be a potent, highly effective and safe immunomodulatory drug in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19.
Further Understanding the Undifferentiated Selfobject: Key to the Treatment of Disorders
Authors: Rowe Crayton
Published: October 2022

It is proposed that the undifferentiated selfobject is the key to understanding the formation and treatment of disorders that are characterized by preoccupations with destructive thoughts and actions. By destructive I am referring to preoccupations that can be harmful to oneself. They include but not limited to major depressive disorders, bipolar affective disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, obsessive-compulsive personality disorders, paranoid personality disorders, eating disorders, and impulsive disorders. This paper emphasizes how therapists can be attuned to the undifferentiated selfobject needs of their patients and develop a treatment of disorders that is based on understanding these needs.
Capturing Peer Group Contexts: In Defense of Socio-Cognitive Mapping Strategies to Identify Children’s Peer Network Affiliations
Authors: Kindermann Thomas
Published: October 2022

Socio-Cognitive Mapping is an observational method to collect information about people’s social networks in settings in which participant observers know each other well, for example in school settings. Compared to traditional self-report data, observation reports make it possible to include (anonymized) network information about people who do not participate. In a series of papers, Neal and colleagues have criticized the methodology of Socio-Cognitive Mapping studies. However, the criticisms do not pertain to the data but only to a specific analysis program, SCM4, that was used in about 80% of the reviewed studies. To document their critiques, the authors introduce a new analysis strategy intended to correct some of the problems identified, and combine this with a promising new Community Detection method. They compare their results to SCM4 results and find in random simulations that, when using criteria that are more restrictive, fewer groups and fewer group members are identified. I highlight the extent to which the critique of the program is only justified under restrictive conditions, explain that the backbone of the proposed method has been used before, list problems of analyses that their method does not overcome, and outline avenues for their solution.
Long-term efficacy and safety of RazumabTM (biosimilar ranibizumab) in Indian patients with retinal diseases: results from retrospective REAR RD-2 study
Authors: Sharma Shashikant , Chaturvedi Alok , Dave Nilanj , Shah Ankita
Published: October 2022

Background: To evaluate risk factors associated with retinal diseases and efficacy and safety of RazumabTM (biosimilar ranibizumab) in the management of retinal diseases in Indian patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV).

Methods: In the retrospective, observational REAR RD-2 study, all patients with retinal diseases who were treated with biosimilar ranibizumab were included from multiple Indian sites. The demographic parameters, disease characteristics and treatment details were recorded. Efficacy assessments included improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and decrease in central subfield thickness (CSFT), intra-retinal fluid (IRF) and sub-retinal fluid (SRF) from baseline to week 48.

Results: Data of 1422 patients (wet AMD-27.57%; DME-30.7%, RVO-33.47%; mCNV-5.48%), who were treated with biosimilar ranibizumab, was analyzed. The most common age group of patients was 61-70 years (36.6%). The most common ocular risk factor identified was glaucoma (24.90%). A total of 85.72% patients were treatment naïve and 14.28% were previously treated patients. Biosimilar ranibizumab treatment resulted in significant (p<0.05) improvements in the mean BCVA and CSFT, and the proportion of patients with IRF and SRF was significantly reduced throughout the treatment. No new safety concerns with biosimilar ranibizumab were observed.

Conclusions: Retinal diseases are more common in the age group of 61-70 years. Glaucoma was the most common ocular risk factor identified for retinal diseases. Long-term treatment with biosimilar ranibizumab was effective and well-tolerated in retinal diseases including wAMD, DME, RVO and mCNV in real-world Indian scenario. 

 
Very early endoscopic DCR in acute suppurative dacryocystitis perspective
Authors: Pakdel Farzad
Published: October 2022

Acute dacryocystitis is not uncommon in oculofacial and general ophthalmology clinics admissions. It happens with sudden inflammation of lacrimal sac that frequently occurs in the setting of pre-existing nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Long standing tear flow stasis results in change of bacterial flora and bacterial over-growth in the lacrimal sac as a reservoir of stagnant tear., However, acute dacryocystitis can be associated with dacryoliths or indefinite pre-existing anatomic nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
The outcome of revision external dacryocystorhinostomy with or without mitomycin C: A single-center experience
Authors: Ul Kadir Syeed Mehbub , Nipa Farhana Afrin , Sultana Sadia , Rashid Riffat , Afzal Farzana
Published: October 2022

To compare the outcome of revision external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with or without mitomycin C.

This Quasi prospective study was conducted over 30 diagnosed patients with failed external dacryocystorhinostomy came to the Oculoplasty clinic at Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital from July 2019 to June 2020.

Maximum of 40.0% of the patients were 41–50 age group in Group A (Mitomycin C) and 40.0% in 41-50 age group in Group B (without Mitomycin C). There were 7(46.7%) males, and 54-58 8(53.3%) females in Group A, 6(40.0%) male and 9(60.0%) female in Group B. 18(60%) patients underwent left-sided and 12(40%) patients underwent right-sided revision dacryocystorhinostomy respectively. Most patients had no complications in both groups of this study. Only one patient reported with corneal epithelial defect in the mitomycin C group. After six months follow up, 93.3% success rate was seen in revision external DCR with mitomycin C group and 66.7% in revision external DCR without mitomycin C group.

Mitomycin C has a beneficial effect in preventing reclosure of the dacryocystorhinostomy stoma after revision external dacryocystorhinostomy and no significant complications resulting from its use.
Refractive errors in children attending ophthalmology clinic of a teaching institute in South India
Authors: Fatima Kaneez
Published: October 2022

To assess the prevalence of various refractive errors in children attending ophthalmology out patient department of a tertiary hospital.

173 children with defective vision were assessed for refractive errors during June 2021- June 2022.

Females accounted for the majority of children (61.6%). Most common type of refractive error was myopia (52%) followed by hyperopia (27.2%) and the least common was astigmatism(20.8%). Myopic astigmatism was the most common variety in cases of astigmatic cases(72.2%). The frequency of myopia increased with increasing age of children. This association was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01%). Mean refractive error was -1.047D. The SD was -2.57D. Low myopia was the most common (38.1%) with females being the majority of these cases (24.2%). Myopia had highest parental association among refractive errors (57.4%).

Refractive errors when uncorrected can lead to amblyopia and strabismus and hence school based and community based screening is necessary to get a real estimate of the burden of uncorrected refractive errors.
Eye ball deviation patterns in traumatic cataract among children in Uttar Pradesh of India
Authors: Dave Sanjev , Manchanda J K , Manchanda Sameer , Manchanda Sheena , Rekha Chitra
Published: October 2022

Paediatric cataract is an important cause of treatable childhood blindness, provided it is recognized and managed early. Timely diagnosis, management, and visual rehabilitation of a child with a paediatric cataract are crucial determinants of a favourable prognosis. This particular topic, study of pattern of deviation of eye ball after traumatic cataract in children was selected because of the difference between the firm literature of Keith Lyle and the clinical observations.

This study includes analysis of 25 patients.

The key findings of this study were: Maximum incidence of traumatic cataract was seen in 6-10 years of age group, that too more commonly in boys and it was 2.5 times more than that of girls. lncidence of perforating injuries leading to cataract was 1.5 times more common than blunt trauma. In paediatrics cataract, the Diminution of vision in cases of traumatic cataract is usually at the level of mature or hypermature cataract. 40% of cases showed deviation in the range of 11-20° (irrespective to divergence or convergence). There was higher incidence of Exotropia than esotropia.

Originally eye was divergent as per evolution of binocular vision in primates & our study also came out with a conclusion that when there is no force or compulsion of binocular Vision, most of the eyes tended to be Divergent in children after traumatic cataract.
A comparative study of subtenon’s anaesthesia with peribulbar anaesthesia for manual small incision cataract surgery in patients with age related cataracts
Authors: Bhonsale Gayatri , Mehta Ishita , Gandhi Priyanka Hitesh , Ramakrishnan Reshma , Hussain Syed Faraaz
Published: October 2022

To compare the safety, efficacy and ease of administration of subtenon’s anaesthesia with peribulbar anaesthesia in manual small incision cataract surgery(MSICS) and assess the surgeon and patient comfort.

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted among 200 patients undergoing MSICS at a rural tertiary care hospital wherein patients were randomly divided into the two groups of peribulbar (P) and subtenon’s (ST) block.

After randomization, 200 patients were assessed for various factors including pain at the time of administration of anaesthetic, time to attain akinesia, patient’s comfort and satisfaction score.

200 eyes of 200 patients who underwent MSCIS were divided into Peribulbar and Subtenon’s group by random number table; of which 122 were women (61%) and 78 were men (39%). There was a significant difference in the amount of anaesthetic used, with the group P (8.37+1.19 ml) usage being more than the group ST(4.02+0.91 ml) (p<0.001). Group P took significantly lesser time to attain akinesia compared to group ST. Group P achieved significantly higher degree of akinesia than group ST. (p<0.001) Significantly greater number of eyes in the group ST required additional anaesthetic injection compared to the group P (p<0.001). A significantly more number of patients experienced pain in the group P. (p=0.008)

Significantly greater number of eyes in group ST had mild and moderate chemosis and subconjunctival haemorrhage compared to group P(p<0.001).

We found that subtenon’s anaesthesia was an equally effective technique for achieving analgesia and akinesia when compared to peribulbar anaesthesia in patients undergoing MSICS.
Casos de uso de blockchain en las cadenas de valor agropecuarias América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Grasso Diego Ignacio , Castillo Ana , Castillo Fausto , Castro Blandón Carmen
Published: October 2022

Desde BID Lab creemos que el uso de soluciones tecnológicas en la agricultura y las cadenas de valor agropecuaria ayudarán a reducir las brechas de productividad de forma más sostenible, apoyar a los productores a diseñar estrategias frente a las crisis climáticas; asegurar la inclusión de los pequeños y medianos productores, que representan el 80% del universo de productores de América Latina y el Caribe; y apoyar el acceso a alimentos nutritivos de la población más vulnerables de nuestra región. Mucho se habla y se ha escrito de la tecnología blockchain y su potencial uso en el sector agropecuario. Esta publicación tiene por objetivo contribuir a la agenda de conocimiento vinculados al uso de esta nueva tecnología, a través de casos concretos que permitan un análisis crítico al lector. Los casos analizados de América Latina y el Caribe confirman el potencial de la tecnología en materia de identidad, trazabilidad y finanzas. Al mismo tiempo revelan grandes desafíos para su adopción, acceso a nuevas fuentes de financiación y generación de ingresos. Es esperable que la evolución de la tecnología y del marco regulatorio favorezcan la innovación y permitan tanto la consolidación de estos proyectos como el surgimiento de nuevos tipos de soluciones, transformándose en una gran oportunidad para promover la inclusión de pequeños productores y medianos productores a través de la innovación por parte de los actores privados, públicos y sociedad civil.
An application for the selection of steel sheet materials used in automotive construction with the MOORA method
Authors: ÖZAKIN Batuhan
Published: October 2022

The new generation of steel grades that can be used in automotive construction is increasing day by day and the material selection becomes very important both in the design and manufacturing processes due to the development in the materials. In this study, data on tensile strength, formability, load that weld joints can bear, fatigue stress, corrosion resistance and price criteria of high strength low alloy (HSLA), dual phase (DP), three phase (TRIP) and complex phase (CP) steel sheet materials used in the automotive industry were determined and a study was conducted for the material selection using the MOORA (Multi Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis) ratio approach. It was concluded that the selection of DP grade steel sheet material according to the MOORA ratio approach among the materials used in the study would be the optimum choice.
Efecto Hall cristalino en el antiferromagnético colineal no convencional NiF2
Authors: González-Hernández Rafael , Gonzalez Roberto , Smejkal Libor
Published: October 2022

A lo largo de un siglo, la corriente eléctrica transversal, sin disipación de energía, que genera el efecto Hall continúan desempeñando un papel central en la investigación de materia condensada por su intrigante naturaleza cuántica relativista y topológica. El efecto Hall anómalo requiere la ruptura espontanea de la simetría de reversi´ón temporal, lo cual es atribuido al ordenamiento magnético de los espines dentro del material cristalino (como es el caso del hierro). Recientemente, se identificó la presencia del efecto Hall anómalo, llamado efecto Hall cristalino, en ciertos materiales antiferromagnéticos no convencionales, donde la ruptura de simetría de inversión temporal es causada por la disposición de los átomos magnéticos en estructura cristalina antiferromagnética. En el presente trabajo se estudia el efecto Hall cristalino en el fluoruro de níquel (NiF2) por medio de un análisis de simetría y cálculos de primeros principios. Se encuentra que la conductividad Hall anómala para el NiF2 podría alcanzar valores cercanos a 700 S/cm. Esta respuesta Hall se obtiene para el eje fácil de magnetización del material; esto no se presenta en otros cristales tipo rutilo estudiados recientemente donde el vector antiferromagnético tiene que reorientarse aplicando un campo externo. Además, se muestra el origen en el espacio reciproco de la conductividad Hall anómala y la manera en que se puede controlar mediante la rotación del vector de N´éel, el cual da cuenta del ordenamiento antiferromagnético del material. Nuestros resultados indican que el NiF2 podría ser un elemento clave en el diseño de futuros dispositivos espintronicos basados en materiales antiferromagnéticos no convencionales.
Caracterización morfológica de los estadios embrionarios de la raya dulceacuícola Potamotrygon magdalenae (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae)
Authors: Lizcano-Gutiérrez Sergio Antonio , Ramírez-Pinilla Martha Patricia
Published: October 2022

Potamotrygon magdalenae, una raya perteneciente a la familia Potamotrygonidae distribuida en la cuenca del río Magdalena, es considerada de muy alta prioridad para la investigación en el Plan de Acción Nacional para la Conservación y Manejo de Tiburones, Rayas y Quimeras de Colombia. Los estudios de desarrollo embrionario en condrictios son escasos debido a la dificultad para obtener el material biológico y son pocas las tablas de desarrollo para las especies de rayas. En este estudio se hizo la caracterización morfológica macroscópica de una serie de estadios embrionarios de P. magdalenae. Se obtuvieron 30 individuos entre embriones, fetos y neonatos producto de disecciones y abortos de hembras grávidas capturadas mediante pesca incidental. En términos generales, el desarrollo embrionario de esta especie sigue los patrones conocidos para los demás condrictios, aunque con pequeñas diferencias en la tasa de absorción del saco vitelino y la ausencia de filamentos branquiales sobresalientes de los espiráculos, lo que puede relacionarse con su viviparidad y matrotofia uterina.
Diversidad taxonómica y patrones de diversidad de la flora en humedales de la costa peruana
Authors: Gonzáles Sergio , Aponte Héctor
Published: October 2022

En los últimos años el interés por estudiar los humedales ha ido en aumento. A pesar de ello, los impactos en estos ecosistemas han persistido, lo que desemboca en el deterioro de los servicios ecosistémicos que proveen. Una forma complementaria de analizar su diversidad es mediante los índices de diversidad taxonómica, los cuales constituyen medidas valiosas para su comprensión y conservación. Con el objetivo de evaluar la diversidad taxonómica de la flora vascular a partir de los índices Δ+ y Λ+ y algunos patrones de diversidad relacionados con el recambio de especies en los humedales costeros del Perú, se analizó la información existente sobre 109 especies de plantas vasculares distribuidas en ocho humedales de esa región. Los humedales de Santa Rosa, Pantanos de Villa y Carquín presentaron los valores más altos de Δ+, lo que exige un esfuerzo para su conservación con el fin de proteger la diversidad filogenética que albergan. La riqueza evidenció su correlación con el Δ+ (r=0,931; p<0,05) y con el Λ+ (r=-0,878; p<0,05), y se obtuvo un modelo lineal confiable del Δ+ en función de la riqueza (R2=0,86), cuyo uso permitiría simplificar el cálculo de la diversidad taxonómica de las plantas vasculares de esta región. No se encontraron diferencias de los valores del Δ+ entre los humedales protegidos y los no protegidos (t=0,96; p>0,05), y no se halló correlación entre la distancia de un humedal a otro y la diversidad beta (p>0,05). Dichos resultados evidencian la necesidad de proponer medidas para proteger estos humedales, estableciendo un corredor costero que incluya aquellos no protegidos en la actualidad.
El huracán que pasó sobre la Isla de San Andrés en 1911
Authors: Ortiz Juan C. , Conde Mario
Published: October 2022

En el presente estudio se analizó la dinámica de vientos y del oleaje durante el paso del huracán de 1911 sobre la Isla de San Andrés. A partir de un modelo paramétrico de viento acoplado al modelo de generación y propagación de olas SWAN, se generaron los campos de vientos y oleaje durante el paso de este huracán por el archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina. Los modelos de viento y de oleaje se calibraron y validaron con datos de campo registrados por una boya oceanográfica durante el paso del huracán Matthew en el 2016. Se encontró que los vientos de mayor intensidad (cercanos a los 200 km/h) generados por el huracán se ubicaron a 22 km de la costa norte de San Andrés y a 65 km de la costa sur de Providencia. En cuanto al oleaje, este fue de menos intensidad que el generado por el huracán Iota en el 2020 y el Joan en 1988. La extensión de la plataforma costera de San Andrés y la dirección del oleaje producido por el huracán de 1911 podrían haber provocado que la marejada ciclónica asociada fuera más significativa que la de otros huracanes. Por último, la metodología aquí descrita puede utilizarse para reconstruir huracanes en cualquier lugar con información escasa y así mejorar nuestra habilidad para predecir la respuesta costera al potencial impacto de futuros huracanes.
Albert Einstein, World of Dices and Hydrocarbon System Analysis
Authors: Brink Heinz-Jurgen
Published: October 2022

Albert Einstein, Caesar and others have used dices as a metaphor for risks and probabilities; indirectly reverting to the experience human kind may have with natural processes in its environment contemporarily with human evolution. It will be shown for example by concentrating on the exploration of hydrocarbons that the rules of a dice-game can be used to better understand the importance of the number of ruling parameters (dices), in this case geological parameters. Especially the Rotliegend Gas Play of the North German Basin belongs to the very complex hydrocarbon systems with more than 70 independent parameters. The Dutch Rotliegend Play for comparison can be characterized by only 10 parameters and is therefore of a simple type. Processes on earth like the formation of systems of hydrocarbon fields as well as environmental systems (e.g. river systems, lakes, islands, sedimentary basins) are subordinated to the dice of nature like in a Casino and are steered invisibly by a selection of rules of the game that one understands as natural laws. The complexity of a system as well as the variedness of its “members” that may be found in anthropogenic systems as well (different properties in thinking, self-reflection, feedback-capabilities, combative and ambitious behavior of individuals with the target to climb upwards in a ranking matrix) is decided by the number of the influencing parameters, represented by dices. Like in a dice-game the exploration of hydrocarbons is unsolvable connected to luck and bad-luck, coincidence and necessity, and to past and future.
EQUIDAD EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICA: EL CASO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TULA-TEPEJI, 2012-2016
Authors: Méndez Viera Sandra Patricia
Published: October 2022

El trabajo incluye parte de los resultados de una investigación realizada en la Universidad Tecnológica de Tula-Tepeji (UTTT). La problemática que aborda refiere a que la política pública en materia de equidad educativa en México sólo ha sido evaluada a partir de indicadores generales que sólo miden el desempeño y los resultados en el acceso a educación superior, principalmente de grupos pertenecientes a los sectores más vulnerables de la sociedad, pero deja de lado el análisis de circunstancias y diferencias particulares que tienen los jóvenes estudiantes y que pueden ocasionar desigualdades a lo largo de su trayectoria educativa.

Por lo anterior, el estudio pretende examinar otras particularidades en las dimensiones de la equidad aplicadas a la educación superior, a fin de presentar resultados que contribuyan a valorar los alcances y retos de la política educativa que dio origen y desarrollo al SUT.

Se trata de una investigación explicativa y descriptiva que utilizó un enfoque mixto a través de un estudio de caso de corte transversal sobre el seguimiento de la trayectoria escolar de una generación de estudiantes que ingresó en septiembre 2012 y que egresó en enero del 2016.

El desarrollo del trabajo incluye un apartado de fundamentos teóricos, la descripción del problema, aspectos metodológicos que orientaron el proceso de la investigación y los resultados derivados del seguimiento de las trayectorias escolares (ingreso, permanencia y egreso) de la generación que se tomó como muestra y un apartado de discusión y conclusiones finales.
Mechanical Properties of a Stainless Steel after Annealing in Uranium Carbide
Authors: SARIKAYA Yüksel , ÖNAL Müşerref , PEKDEMİR Abdullah Devrim
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of carbide nuclear fuels with steel that is being used as cladding material for nuclear reactors. The specimens prepared from steel EN 1.4988 were consecutively annealed in three uranium carbide (UC) powders, having different carbon contents, at 600 °C for 1000 h. Both Ar and Na were used as bonding elements. The increase in the carbon content of the carburized specimens was determined and evaluated according to the bound and free carbon contents in the UC powders. The migration of free and bound carbon atoms into steel via self-diffusion and over Fe3C formation is interpreted as carburizing. Microhardness measurements and stress-strain tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of crude and carburized steel specimens. Maximum hardness at the contact surface and depth of the carburized zone were determined from the microhardness profiles and discussed depending on the bonding elements and carbon content in the specimens. These variables have a significant impact on the elongation percent, 0.2% yield stress, and tensile stress.
Evaluation des Performances Agronomiques et Comportement de 11 Hybrides et de 3 Lignées de Sorgho à L’anthracnose à la Station de Farako-Bâ à L’ouest du Burkina Faso
Authors: Kassankogno Abalo Itolou , Zongo Adama , Konate Kadougoudiou Abdourasmane , Nana Abdoulaye , Kone Soumana , Sanon Elise
Published: October 2022

La présente étude porte sur l’évaluation des performances agronomiques des variétés de sorgho et leur comportement vis-à-vis de l’anthracnose à l’Ouest du Burkina Faso. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé est un bloc de Fisher complètement randomisé en 3 répétitions et 14 traitements correspond aux variétés. Le matériel végétal utilisé était constitué de 3 lignées et 11 hybrides de sorgho provenant respectivement du Burkina Faso et du Brésil. L’analyse phytosanitaire des graines a été réalisée selon la méthode du papier buvard. Les résultats ont montré que les hybrides ESFOEHN et KALATUR ont été les plus précoces. La lignée SARIASSO11 a enregistré la plus grande hauteur tandis que les hybrides ISQ223, KALATUR et ESFOEHN ont été semi naines. Les hybrides ISQ223 et BRG71098 ont enregistrés respectivement les rendements le plus élevé (4590 kg/ha) et le plus faible (1711 kg/ha). Les variétés ISR329, MSP332 et SARIASSO11 ont été les plus résistantes à l’anthracnose, cependant les variétés ESFOEHN et KALATUR ont été les plus sensibles. L’analyse phytosanitaire des graines issues des variétés testées a révélé la présence de Alternaria alternata, Exserohilium rostratum, Aspergilus sp, Rhizopus sp, Drechslera sp et Colletotrichum graminicola. Selon les performances agronomiques et le comportement des variétés à l’anthracnose, quatre groupes ont été identifiés. Des corrélations positives ont été obtenues entre la longueur des panicules et le rendement(r=0,55), entre le taux d’infection des semences au Colletotrichum graminicola et la sévérité de l’anthracnose (r=0,52) et entre la sévérité et incidence de l’anthracnose (r=0,92). Les résultats de cette étude servent de base pour le choix des variétés de sorgho performantes et résistantes à l’anthracnose au Burkina Faso.
Political Empowerment of Women, Girls and LGBTQ+ People: Post-conflict Opportunities
Authors: Haider Huma
Published: October 2022

The instability and upheaval of violent conflict can break down patriarchal structures, challenge traditional gender norms and open up new roles and spaces for collective agency of women, sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and other marginalised groups (Yadav, 2021; Myrittinen & Daigle, 2017). A recent study on the gendered implications of civil war finds that countries recovering from ‘major civil war’ experience substantial improvements in women’s civil liberties and political participation—complementary aspects of political empowerment (Bakken & Bahaug, 2020). This rapid literature review explores the openings that conflict and post-conflict settings can create for the development of political empowerment of women and LGBTQ+ communities—as well as challenges. Drawing primarily on a range of academic, non-governmental organisation (NGO), and practitioner literature, it explores conflict-affected settings from around the world. There was limited literature available on experience from Ukraine (which was of interest for this report); and on specific opportunities at the level of local administrations. In addition, the available literature on empowerment of LGBTQ+ communities was much less than that available for women’s empowerment. The literature also focused on women, with an absence of information on girls. It is important to note that while much of the literature speaks to women in society as a whole, there are various intersectionalities (e.g. class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, rural/urban etc.) that can produce varying treatment and degrees of empowerment of women. Several examples are noted within the report.
Causes and Consequences of Air Pollution in North Macedonia
Authors: Avis Rupert
Published: October 2022

This rapid literature review collates available evidence on the causes and consequences of air pollution in the Republic of North Macedonia (here after North Macedonia). It draws on a diverse range of sources from multiple academic disciplines and grey literature. The literature highlights that North Macedonia is considered to have some of the worst air quality in the West Balkans, and consequently some of the worst globally. Air pollution is a significant problem in North Macedonian cities and urban centres with exposure to high levels of particulate matter (PM) a particular issue. The PM2.5 size fraction is the focus of many air pollution studies because it is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes, it is also the focus of this review. This review identifies a limited but expanding evidence base discussing air pollution in North Macedonia. Studies are principally focussed on the capital city (Skopje) and ambient (outdoor) air pollution. There is a limited literature that discusses air quality issues outside of the capital and a dearth of evidence on household (indoor) air pollution.
ANALISIS PERFORMA TURBIN ANGIN VAWT (VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE) TIPE HYBRID SAVONIUS DARRIEUS NACA 4712
Authors: Trifiananto Muhammad , Putra Irvan Septianto , Ramadhan Mochamad Edoward
Published: October 2022

A wind turbine is a device that converts wind energy into mechanical energy to produce electric power. Wind turbines have a simple working principle, which is to convert wind energy into mechanical energy in the windmill, then the rotation of the turbine0makes the rotor on the generator rotate and generate electricity. There are 2 types of wind turbines: vertical axis wind turbine and horizontal axis wind turbine. This study aims to determine the performance of the medium-scale VAWT hybrid savonius darrieus NACA 4712 wind turbine. The hybrid wind turbine is a combination of savonius and darrieus wind turbines to increase efficiency by utilizing the drag of the savonius turbine and lift force from the darrieus wind turbine. This study used an experimental method. The fan is used to vary the wind speed. The wind speed used ranges from 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.1,7.2,7.3 m/s. This savonius darrieus hybrid wind turbine can produce efficiency of 0.037 at wind speed of 5 m/s with an initial torque of 0.088 N/m. The maximum rotation in this hybrid turbine study 118 Rpm was obtained at a wind speed of 7.3 m/s.
Compressive Neuropathy: A Consequence of Mal-Positioning during Labour?
Authors: Moreira Cristiana , Meneses Tiago , Andrade Carlos , Nunes Inês
Published: October 2022

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Factors Affecting the Success of E-Learning-Based Training using Learning Management System Platforms: Adaptations of Updated DeLone and McLean Models
Authors: Yudiawan Agus , Rokhmah Siti , Umkabu Talabudin , Safitri Febriani , Arifin
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors, both direct and indirect, that affect the success of the learning management systems implemented in the Ministry of Education's “Sekolah Penggerak” training program. The DeLone-McClean IS Success Model was modified to be used as the study's analysis tool. The study employed a quantitative method with 122 samples. The survey technique employing Google Forms was used in the data collection process. The Partial Least Square Structural Model was analyzed using the Smart-PLS 3.0 software. As the t-statistic value was more than 1.96 and the p-value was less than 0.05, all hypotheses testing direct influence on success were accepted. Only four of the thirteen hypotheses on indirect influence were rejected. In conclusion, the DeLone-McClean IS Success Model can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a learning management system in various e-learning activities.
DETERMINANTS OF TRANSMISSION COVID-19 IN SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Masriadi Masriadi , Ulmy Mahmud Nur , Javid Nazli , Sarwin Muhammad , Lukman  , Hutami Megantari Sitti , Angraeni Suprianti Ayu
Published: October 2022

Background: Corona Virus (COVID-19) is a new respiratory viral infectious disease that can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Subsequently, as of May 31, 2022, the government of South Sulawesi reported 143,276 confirmed cases, 2,463 deaths, and 140,395 recovered patients. Purpose: To analyze the impact of behavior, travel history, and comorbidities on the incidence of COVID-19 in South Sulawesi. Methods: This is observational research with a cross-sectional study design and was conducted from January–April 2022 in 7 districts of South Sulawesi Province. A population of 650 respondents with a total sample of 161 patients confirmed positive and 189 suspected of having COVID-19. The Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: There was a relationship between travel history (p0.00; OR 2.19), knowledge (p0.03; OR 1.74), and actions (p0.00; OR 0.18) on the incidence of COVID-19. Additionally, no relationship was reported between comorbidities (p0.85), attitudes (p0.90), and level of knowledge (p0.08>(0.05) on the incidence of COVID-19. The most influential variable in the rapid spread was travel history, with an exp(B) value of 2.19 CI (95%) (LL=1.26; UL=3.80). Conclusion: The results showed that travel history, knowledge, and actions made a major contribution to the spread of COVID-19 in South Sulawesi Province.
THE EFFECT OF SMS REMINDERS AND COUNSELING ON PREGNANT WOMEN'S ADHERENCE TO CONSUMING IRON TABLETS
Authors: Prihanti Gita Sekar , Imawan Riswanda , Iskandar Fauhan Yuliana , Diastuti Lucita Puspa , Adawiyah Rabiatul , Safrillia Sarah , Permatasari Swastika Dyah , Basuki Tri Rahmat , Karajicic Slavica , Giedraitis Vincentas
Published: October 2022

Background: Supplementation of iron (Fe) tablets are essential to prevent pregnant women from iron deficiency anemia. Several other factors, such as knowledge, attitude, side effects, and personal access to information about iron tablet supplements, reduce the compliance of pregnant women to consume iron tablets. This study uses a combination of interventions, Short Message Service (SMS) reminders, and counseling. Purpose: This research aims to discover the effects of SMS reminders and counseling as well as factors that influence pregnant women's compliance in consuming Fe tablets. Methods: 170 pregnant women in Balowerti Public Health Center were divided into control and intervention groups. Each group received pre and post-test. The intervention group was given the treatment of SMS reminders and counseling for seven days before the post-test. The data analysis was using McNemar's paired test. Results: McNemar test results obtained the effects of the SMS Reminder and counseling on knowledge (p = 0.01), attitude (p = 0.00), and adherence (p = 0.00) of pregnant women in the intervention group as compared to the control group at the time of the post-test. The logistic regression analysis found that the factors that influence the compliance of pregnant women to consume Fe tablets (p <0.05) during the post-test comprise attitude and number of Ante Natal care (ANC). Conclusion: SMS reminders and counseling interventions improve pregnant women's adherence, knowledge, and behavior to consuming iron tablets. This result is important as a strategy to reach women's empowerment in reproductive health.
THE EFFECT OF SENSITIVE INTERVENTIONS ON STUNTING REDUCTION EFFORTS
Authors: Khasanah Uswatun , Esyuananik Esyuananik , Laili Anis Nur , Saadah Nurlailis
Published: October 2022

Background: Stunting occurs when a toddler's growth is not age-appropriate, characterized by a child's body length or height being less than age-appropriate. Reducing stunting requires integrated interventions, including both nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions. Efforts to address the indirect causes of stunting are summarised in nutrition-sensitive interventions, which account for 70% of stunting interventions. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of sensitive interventions on efforts to reduce stunting among children under five years of age at Puskesmas (Community Health Centre) in Bangkalan Regency. Methods: The study was conducted in March-September 2020 with an analytical cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all children aged 1 to 5 years who were in the working area of Bangkalan District in January - December 2019, totaling 430. A sample of 207 was taken by random cluster sampling. The independent variables in this study were clean and healthy living behaviour (PHBS), access to family planning services, and insurance ownership (only BPJS because this insurance is the most commonly owned by the community). In comparison, the independent variable was stunting in toddlers. The data used were primary and secondary data using closed question questionnaires, Maternal and Child Health books, and cohorts of pregnant women/toddlers. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: It was found that sensitive interventions that affect the incidence of stunting were PHBS with a p-value = 0.03 and BPJS ownership variables with a p-value = 0.04, which means that PHBS and BPJS affect the incidence of stunting in children under five. Meanwhile, the variable access to family planning does not affect stunting. Conclusion: Sensitive interventions affecting stunting incidence are PHBS and BPJS ownership.
MAPPING OF CHILDREN'S TUBERCULOSIS INCIDENCE BY COVERAGE OF BCG IMMUNIZATION, MALNUTRITION, AND HOME ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Brillianti Galih Haniin , Yovita Hendrati Lucia
Published: October 2022

Background: Based on the Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report, Indonesia is one of the countries with a triple burden of TB, and TB disease can attack all age groups, including children. East Java Province in 2019 was ranked third in the highest number of pediatric TB cases in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aims to describe the distribution trend of tuberculosis cases in children in East Java Province in 2017-2018 based on BCG immunization coverage, cases of malnutrition, amount of healthy houses, and households with PHBS. Methods: The research design was a descriptive study with a correlation study design. The populations were all districts/cities in East Java Province, with as many as 38 districts. The data analysis technique to describe the trend distribution of tuberculosis in children was the health mapper software on a computer developed by World Health Organization (WHO). Results: The distribution of the incidence of tuberculosis in children in East Java from 2017 to 2018 tends to increase. The city of Surabaya became the area with the highest incidence of tuberculosis in children from 2017 to 2018. Based on a spatial map, most districts or cities with BCG immunization coverage, cases of malnutrition, several healthy homes, and high PHBS households experience tuberculosis incidence in children is high. Conclusion: Based on the map, spatially, districts or cities with high cases of tuberculosis in children mainly occur in areas with cases of malnutrition, the number of healthy home environments, and high coverage of BCG immunization as well.
Roles of Vitamins in Immunity and COVID-19: A Literature Review
Authors: Haryana Nila Reswari , Rachmah Qonita , Rifqi Mahmud Aditya , Diana Rian , Atmaka Dominikus Raditya , Setyaningtyas Stefania Widya , Nastiti Aliffah Nurria , Agustin Asri Meidyah
Published: October 2022

SARS-CoV-2 is a severe acute respiratory virus that causes Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, diet was undeniably important in immunity. In order to be more resilient during and after the pandemic, understanding the role of vitamins is crucial. This review aims to explore the role of vitamins in supporting the immune system and its correlation to COVID-19. The article search was done using five electronic databases (i.e., Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and PMC). Some of the keywords utilized in the literature search were “vitamin A and immunity” OR “vitamin B and immunity” OR “vitamin C and immunity” OR “vitamin D and immunity” OR “vitamin E and immunity”. A total of 51 articles was assessed in this literature review. Research finds vitamin A plays a role in both innate immune system cell function and humoral immunity by regulating, differentiating, and maturing immune system cells. Vitamin B complex primarily reduces inflammation by lowering serum C-reactive protein levels (CRP), while vitamin C strengthens epithelial barriers, phagocytes, T and B lymphocytes, and inflammatory mediators, to improve the immune system. Vitamin D acts as a mediator in the vitamin D receptor (VDR), an inner immune system component that regulates the humoral and adaptive immune systems through unique genetic transcriptions. Finally, vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, lowering the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). In conclusion, all vitamins are essential in improving individual’s immune system that prevent from infectious diseases including COVID-19.
Análise geomorfométrica de uma bacia montanhosa com presença de cânion
Authors: González-Ávila Itzayana , Paixão Mauricio Andrades , Kobiyama Masato
Published: October 2022

Os canais fluviais e a rede de drenagem possuem um importante papel na evolução da paisagem. Estudos hidrogeomorfológicos fornecem informação valiosa para o entendimento das bacias hidrográficas e seus processos, uma vez que identificam fatores morfométricos relevantes dentro dos sistemas fluviais. Nesse sentido, a bacia do Rio Boi e as regiões destacadas de Planalto, Encosta e Planície foram caracterizadas de forma geomorfométrica. Fatores como Área (A), Comprimento do Rio Principal (L), Densidade de Drenagem (Dd), Densidade de Rios (Rf), Sinuosidade do Rio Principal (Si), Índice Topográfico médio (TIm) e Densidade de Lineamentos (Lm) foram avaliados para as três regiões. Também, foi aplicado o método de Box-Counting para avaliação da dimensão fractal da rede de drenagem (DF) e dos canais fluviais (df). Verificou-se mediante análises de correlação de Pearson e o coeficiente de determinação ajustado que A, Si e TIm estão relacionados com o desenvolvimento da rede de drenagem (DF), enquanto Dd, Rf e Lm estiveram mais associados ao desenvolvimento dos canais fluviais (df). O estudo permitiu a identificação de características geomorfológicas que fornecem informação relevante para a análise das diferentes regiões da bacia do Rio do Boi. Estudos geomorfometricos tem potencial de complementar estudos de manejo e prevenção de risco, aplicáveis na identificação de áreas com potencial perigoso para a comunidade.