bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processo colaborativo e a busca pela horizontalidade das relações entre as funções da cena
Authors: Berselli Marcia , Corso Bressan Vanessa , Gedoz Tieppo Juliana , Perosa Soldera Natália
Published: June 2020

No presente artigo busca-se reconhecer possibilidades de criação cênica centradas na horizontalidade das relações entre as funções da cena. Inicia-se apresentando diferenças e aproximações entre os processos colaborativos e os processos coletivos. Entendendo a criação cênica em uma abordagem artístico-pedagógica, práticas, procedimentos e estratégias de criação são apresentadas enquanto possíveis metodologias para processos que têm interesse na mobilidade das funções da cena, seus saberes, poderes e habilidades.
O crítico kantiano e a crítica rapsódica
Authors: Catalão Marco
Published: June 2020

Desde Kant, a crítica de arte se fundamenta no apagamento do sujeito singular, encarnado e desejante (Jones, 2005, p. 20) em nome de um distanciamento que privilegia uma linguagem supostamente neutra e transparente. Apresentado como um roteiro para uma palestra-performance, este artigo contrapõe à prática tradicional da crítica kantiana uma outra possibilidade de abordagem crítica (denominada “crítica rapsódica”), exemplificada na própria estrutura do texto.
Infância e cena contemporânea
Authors: Ferreira Melissa da Silva
Published: June 2020

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre os direitos da criança no contexto da experimentação artística. O trabalho discute questões estéticas, éticas e políticas acerca da participação de crianças na cena contemporânea por meio da análise de performances e espetáculos que colocam em xeque concepções conservadoras de infância que, principalmente nos últimos dois anos, vem respaldando condutas de censura e ataques à artistas e obras no Brasil e no mundo.
Doa Kasaro and its Cultural Codes in Muslim Society of Bima, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Wahid Abdul
Published: June 2020

Dou Mbawa, an indigenous community as a small part of Bimanese Muslims,  has a double minority identity since they have been sociologically and religiously considered as others. Having this character, they create a specific way of communication amongst themselves and between them and others through an annual ritual called Raju and Kasaro prayer. This article, using the hermeneutical and semiotical approach of interpretation, aims to discover a cultural interest in the Kasaro prayer. The Dou Mbawa not only positions the prayers as a form of spirituality but also utilizes it as a means of overcoming the problem concerning plurality, tensions, conflicts, and subordinations. This article illustrates the twisting of the politics of identity through Kasaro prayer. Beyond its function as a religious language, the Kasaro prayer carries a socio-cultural significance, yet politically meaningful as an ideology of resistance for the minority against the majority. The politics of identity adopted by the Dou Mbawa in Bima is symbolic. However, it implies the real struggle of a vulnerable-pluralistic society, mainly the struggle to maintain tradition, the consolidation of internal forces, and the imagination of multicultural societies. With this finding, this article offers a perspective on the formation of identity and dynamics of multiculturalism in Indonesia from the lense of spirituality.
Governing Global Health Care: A Case Study of India vis à vis Swirtzerland’s Novartis AG Regarding Patent of Gleevec
Authors: Rudiany Novita Putri
Published: June 2020

India has been acknowledged as the pharmacy of the world because of its developed pharmaceutical industries which produce many kinds of medicine for any diseases. However, this condition does not make the government close the opportunities for foreign manufactures to sell their products for the citizens. One of the foreign industries is the Switzerland’s company, named Novartis AG, selling Gleevec, a leukemia-treating drug. In 2013, Novartis AG proposed to renew the patent of Gleevec because it has been updated from the last version of 1995, but Indian government rejected the patent rights of Gleevec based on the fact that the new Gleevec did not show any significant change for leukemia treatment. Based on the phenomenon, this paper examines about the dynamic of governing the global health with India as the case study. There are three perspectives that are used, those are: rejectionism, transnationalism and institutionalism. Each of the perspective focuses on the three discussions. It begins with the first part which explains the object that was being governed. The second part talks about the parties that have roles to govern. The third partelaborates on how those different parties governed the provision of the medicine production and distribution as the part of global health issue
Open Government Partnership: Indonesian Transformative Effort to Deal with Corruption
Authors: Syifa Zakia
Published: June 2020

This research seeks to explain the underlying reasons of why Indonesia under Yudhoyono administration joined Open Government Partnership (OGP). Based on the relationship between democracy, corruption, and good governance, this research explores on how corruption had caused negative impacts not only to domestic sphere, but also to Indonesia’s international legitimacy which leads to affect the economic growth. Focusing on the process of the OGP initiation, the scope spans from July 2010, when Indonesia was first invited to join this initiative, to September 20, 2011, when Indonesia became one of the eight founding countries to launch OGP in New York. This research suggests that Indonesia joined OGP to help ease the negative impacts of corruption. From the research, there are findings that corruption had caused negative implications in domestic sphere and international legitimacy, which leads to curb Indonesia’s potential investment and economic growth.
THE STUDY OF INTERTEXTUALITY ON NOVEL ENTITLED A VERY YUPPY WEDDING AND DIVORTIARE BY IKA NATASSA
Authors: Farikhin Zahria Farlydia
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to describe intertextual in the novel A Very Yuppy Wedding and Divortiare by Ika Natassa. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach in the form of structural. The result of the data analysis is that theme has similarity. The themes of these novels are love, friendship, and family. Figure and characterization in the novels has less different, the figures describe as  a work hard figure not only for the job but also on their relationship. In both of the novel, both of the main characters are women and use the first person as the point of view. Whereas the plot of the novels has different, that is novel Divortiare has a flash-back plot and A Verry Yuppy Wedding has a progressive plot. Both of the novel have differences in the story but have the same happy ending. The background of the stories are not different. Ika Natassa takes both of the settings in Jakarta. The conclusion is both of the novels have no significant differences.
REPRESENTASI KEISLAMAN DALAM GRUP MUSIK SABYAN GAMBUS
Authors: Waro’i Muhammad Rosyid Husnul , Lussiyandari Siti
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan representasi keislaman dalam kelompok musik Sabyan Gambus. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana Islam direpresentasikan oleh Sabyan Gambus menggunakan teori Sirkuit Kebudayaan (Circuit of Culture) Stuart Hall. Teori tersebut terdiri dari beberapa aspek, yaitu produksi, konsumsi, regulasi, identitas, dan representasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dalam menjelasakan fenomena kebudayaan. Sebagai data, penelitian ini menggunakan video-video performance Sabyan Gambus di Youtube. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran Sabyan Gambus di Youtube menandai pergeseran penting dari media yang dipakai budaya pop Islam untuk berproduksi. Kemudian, identitas keislaman Sabyan Gambus dapat dilihat melalui sejarah musik gambus di Indonesia, performativitas mereka dan estetika musik mereka. Sabyan juga menunjukkan bahwa identitas Islam yang melekat mengalami tarik menarik dengan konteks sosio-budaya Indonesia.
REPRESENTATION OF SAYURI AS GEISHA IN THE NOVEL MEMOIR OF GEISHA BY ARTHUR GOLDEN
Authors: Lussiyandari Siti
Published: June 2020

The aims of this study is discover how this novel constructs Sayuri as a Geisha. In order to reach that results, this study figured out the functions of the narrative and connected it into seven spheres of action. Hence, in order to analysis the data, this study used qualitative method which all of the data had to be noted, identified, and then can be explained. This study used the theory of Vladimir Propp in order to figure the narrative structure out of the novel itself. Propp provided such tools to analyze the data. There are twelve functions out from thirty one found in this study: absentation, violation, trickery, mediation, departure, the first function of donor, branding, victory, unrecognized arrived, recognition, exposure, and wedding. The researcher figured out seven spheres of action” which are in the following list: The Hero, The Villain, The Donor, The Helper, and The False Hero. Sayuri here is depicted as object of sexuality for man. Almost all of men subdued over her.
Le robot de traite : pour qui ? pourquoi ? Caractérisation des exploitations équipées, simulations économiques et éléments de réflexion avant investissement
Authors: VEYSSET P. , WALLET P. , PRUGNARD E.
Published: June 2020

En France, une centaine d’élevages laitiers est équipée du robot de traite et, au dire des constructeurs, ce marché est amené à se développer. Cependant, nous ne disposons pas de références sur ces éleveurs et sur leurs motivations d’achat. Dans le but de les caractériser, près de la moitié de la population totale (44) a été enquêtée. Les exploitations enquêtées sont de taille (surface et troupeau) largement supérieure à la moyenne nationale. L’atelier lait y est souvent en concurrence avec d’autres productions, ce qui induit des contraintes de main-d’œuvre. La vétusté du matériel de traite rendait son remplacement quasi obligatoire ; le choix du robot par rapport à une salle de traite a été fait dans le but d’alléger le travail. Le robot offre essentiellement une plus grande souplesse horaire, mais il a également un impact sur la gestion du troupeau : hausse de la production par vache, abandon du pâturage. Des simulations économiques montrent que le surcoût annuel du robot par rapport à une salle de traite est principalement influencé par quatre paramètres : le coût de la main d’œuvre, la hausse de production par vache, la durée des amortissements et les options de la salle de traite. D’après ces simulations, le robot semble plus adapté économiquement aux exploitations de 50 à 60 vaches pour un quota de 400 000 à 500 000 litres de lait. Ces observations et analyses permettent de recenser exhaustivement les points actuellement les plus importants pour la réflexion des éleveurs souhaitant investir : travail, économie, filière, bâtiment, gestion du troupeau et de la surface fourragère et caractéristiques du robot. Ces réflexions doivent, bien sûr, s’enrichir dans l’avenir avec de nouvelles références.
Les liens sociaux chez les ruminants d’élevage : limites et moyens d’action pour favoriser l’intégration de l’animal dans son milieu
Authors: BOISSY A. , NOWAK R. , ORGEUR P. , VEISSIER I.
Published: June 2020

Les ruminants d’élevage appartiennent à des espèces grégaires. Leur organisation sociale est basée sur des relations stables de dominance - subordination qui assurent en élevage la résolution de nombreux conflits inhérents à la promiscuité entre les animaux. L’organisation sociale repose également sur des relations d’affinité qui assurent la cohésion du groupe et accroissent la tolérance entre les animaux dans les situations de conflit. En outre, les relations d’affinité participent étroitement à l’adaptation de l’animal à son milieu d’élevage puisque les partenaires influencent la réponse de l’animal aux éléments qui l’entourent.
Tout au long de sa vie, l’animal établit des liens privilégiés avec certains de ses partenaires. Dès sa naissance, si la possibilité lui en est donnée, le jeune herbivore développe rapidement avec sa mère une relation préférentielle quasi-exclusive. Par la suite, même si le lien maternel demeure très fort, le jeune se lie également à d’autres membres du groupe, en particulier à sa fratrie ou à ses compagnons de même âge. Plus tard, la séparation maternelle qu’impose le sevrage réalisé par l’homme, exacerbe transitoirement la motivation sociale du jeune à l’égard de ses partenaires, voire à l’égard d’individus d’autres espèces tel l’homme. Une telle plasticité dans les comportements sociaux existe également chez l’animal adulte : en particulier, l’attraction sociale diminue chez la femelle pré-parturiente qui tend à s’isoler du troupeau dans la période de la mise bas.
Une meilleure connaissance du comportement social des ruminants d’élevage doit permettre de proposer des aménagements pour mieux adapter la conduite d’élevage aux besoins sociaux des animaux. En outre, la construction dynamique des liens d’affinité laisse entrevoir certaines périodes clefs au cours de l’élevage comme autant de leviers d’action dont une meilleure exploitation en élevage pourrait faciliter l’intégration de l’animal à ses conditions de vie ultérieures. Ainsi, que ce soit par l’aménagement de conduites plus respectueuses des besoins sociaux des animaux ou par l’action sur les périodes de transition sociale, l’adaptation et le bien-être des animaux en élevage s’en trouveront considérablement accrus.
Gestion de la reproduction en aulacodiculture. Synthèse des outils et méthodes existants
Authors: EDDERAI D. , NTSAME M. , HOUBEN P.
Published: June 2020

L’élevage d’aulacodes est aujourd’hui techniquement bien maîtrisé, et la reproduction en captivité de ce rongeur africain ne pose plus de problème. Toutefois, dans une logique économique, une bonne gestion de la reproduction est indispensable afin de permettre une productivité optimale des femelles. Dans ce cadre, il est important que les géniteurs soient identifiés, afin d’éviter les croisements consanguins et d’assurer une sélection des individus les plus performants. La reproduction a lieu en groupes polygames, les femelles, plus légères que le mâle, étant transférées dans l’enclos de celui-ci. Un test de gestation simple et précoce par examen du mucus vaginal est disponible et sa pratique doit être généralisée. Les femelles gestantes peuvent alors être isolées une à une jusqu’au sevrage des jeunes (mise en accouplement temporaire), ou au contraire laissées en permanence avec le mâle dans l’enclos (mise en accouplement permanent), qui permet une saillie post-partum très précoce.
Composition chimique du lait et systèmes de production dans les exploitations du Massif Central
Authors: AGABRIEL C. , COULON J.B. , JOURNAL C. , DE RANCOURT B.
Published: June 2020

Vingt-cinq exploitations d’Auvergne ont fait l’objet d’un suivi d’élevage durant l’année 1998. Quatre enquêtes, réalisées pendant les différentes saisons, ont permis de caractériser la conduite des vaches laitières. Cinq prélèvements de lait de troupeaux, deux en hiver et trois au pâturage, ont été effectués afin d’analyser les fractions azotées (matières protéiques fromageables, urée), les teneurs en lactose et en minéraux (calcium, phosphore et citrates dans le lait et le sérum), la composition en acides gras, les activités des enzymes protéolytiques et le pH.
A partir des 89 échantillons de laits de troupeaux dont le stade moyen de lactation était compris entre 2 et 7 mois, six classes de lait ont été constituées. Elles s’opposent sur l’ensemble des caractéristiques analysées. La saison, la race et la conduite de l’alimentation des vaches sont les principaux facteurs d’explication des variations de la composition chimique du lait. Trois classes de lait retiennent une attention particulière : la première présente, a priori, les caractéristiques les moins favorables (faibles teneurs en protéines et en minéraux, faible acidité). Il s’agit de laits d’hiver produits généralement à partir de fourrages fermentés. A l’inverse, une autre classe rassemble des laits riches en protéines et en minéraux, et dont les proportions d’acides gras longs et insaturés dans la matière grasse sont les plus fortes. Il s’agit de laits de fin d’été, produits par des troupeaux de race Montbéliarde. Enfin une classe, spécifique de la race Salers, est caractérisée par un très faible taux butyreux et de très faibles activités des enzymes protéolytiques. Les aptitudes fromagères de ces différents types de lait restent à quantifier.
L’expression du comportement d’incubation chez la dinde et sa maîtrise en élevage
Authors: GUÉMENÉ D. , KANSAKU N. , ZADWORNY D.
Published: June 2020

L’expression du comportement de la couvaison est encore très fréquente chez plusieurs espèces d’oiseaux domestiques dont la dinde, alors qu’elle n’a plus d’intérêt pratique depuis que la totalité des œufs est incubée artificiellement dans l’industrie. En outre, ce comportement est à l’origine de pertes économiques car son expression induit des arrêts de ponte. L’origine génétique des animaux joue un rôle prépondérant quant à leur capacité à exprimer ce comportement, mais différents facteurs exogènes et endogènes sont également connus pour en favoriser l’expression. En tenant compte de ces facteurs, outre la mise en œuvre de programmes de sélection adaptés, diverses stratégies peuvent être envisagées pour que sa maîtrise soit effective en élevage. Elle repose actuellement sur l’usage de techniques d’élevage et de manipulations manuelles complémentaires très contraignantes en terme de main-d’œuvre. L’intérêt potentiel de procédés pharmacologiques prophylactiques ou curatifs est donc indéniable. Des travaux récents ont montré que des approches immunologiques pouvaient être efficaces pour prévenir la couvaison chez la dinde. Pour diverses raisons, aucun des procédés testés n’a toutefois encore fait l’objet de développement pour une utilisation à l’échelle industrielle. A ce jour, la sélection génétique par des méthodes classiques n’a pas permis d’éradiquer l’expression de ce comportement. Des résultats préliminaires suggèrent l’existence de marqueurs moléculaires spécifiques chez la poule et la dinde. Si celle-ci se confirme, la mise en œuvre de programmes de sélection appropriés contre le comportement de couvaison sera alors envisageable chez ces espèces.
Ancient Origin Properties of Natural Exosomes Contribute to Their Therapeutic Superiority Compared to Artificial Nanoparticles
Authors: Askenase Philip
Published: June 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EV) such as exosomes, are newly recognized fundamental, natural and physiologic particles of life that seemingly are involved all biologic processes and clinical diseases. Due to their universal involvements, understanding the nature and the potential therapeutic uses of these nano-vesicles requires innovative experimental approaches, in virtually every field. Of the EV group, exosome nano-vesicles and larger companion extracellular micro vesicles (MV) can mediate completely new phenomena dependent on intercellular transfer of proteins and selected RNAs; particularly miRNAs, between donor and targeted cells to elicit epigenetic alterations inducing functional cellular changes. These recipient acceptor cells are nearby (paracrine transfers) or far away after distribution via the circulation (endocrine transfers). The major properties of such vesicles seem to have been conserved over eons, suggesting that they may have ancient evolutionary origins arising perhaps even before cells in the primordial soup from which life evolved. Their potential ancient evolutionary attributes may be responsible for the ability of some modern day exosomes to withstand unusually harsh conditions; perhaps due to unusual membrane lipid compositions. This is exemplified by maternal milk exosome survival of the neonatal acid/enzyme rich stomach. It is postulated that this also applies to their durable presence in phagolysosomes; suggesting unique intracellular release of contents. A major issue discussed is the generally poorly realized superiority of these naturally evolved nano vesicles to therapies compared human engineered artificial nanoparticles; say for treatment of cancers.
High Concentrations of Presepsin in the Bile and Its Marked Elevation in Biliary Tract Diseases: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Yamaguchi Takashi , Ohira Masahiro , Kawagoe Naoyuki , Nakamura Shoko , Tanaka Shou , Oka Rena , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Sato Yuta , Saiki Atsuhito , Matsuzawa Yasuo , Bujo Hideaki , Terai Kensuke , Hiruta Nobuyuki , Tatsuno Ichiro , Nakaseko Chiaki , Kikuchi Hidemasa , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Yokota Hiromitsu , Shimizu Naomi
Published: June 2020

Presepsin is a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of sepsis; however, elevated presepsin levels have also been documented without sepsis. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the laboratory parameters and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score affecting presepsin levels in 567 patients. Some patients with elevated presepsin levels exhibited renal dysfunction or elevation of biliary enzymes despite a low SOFA score. The univariate regression analysis revealed a close correlation between presepsin levels and SOFA score, serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen, and biliary enzymes. In addition, a multivariate regression analysis revealed that SOFA score, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and CRE independently affected presepsin levels significantly. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that presepsin levels were significantly higher in patients with hepatobiliary disease. Besides, we found that patients who presented with the dilatation of intra- or extrahepatic bile ducts and the elevation of ALP or total bilirubin exhibited remarkable high presepsin levels in the bile. Furthermore, the presepsin production in the liver’s Kupffer cells was established by immunostaining in patients who received surgical liver resection. Overall, this study elucidates that biliary enzymes’ elevation affects presepsin levels, presepsin exists in high concentrations in the bile, and is positive in Kupffer cells.
Exposing Islamic Character Values at English for Islamic Studies (EIS) Class
Authors: Muzammil Sa'dulloh
Published: June 2020

This descriptive qualitative research aims to describe the selection and usage of English for Islamic studies material based on Islamic character values.  It was conducted at English for Islamic studies class followed by the students of Akhwal As Syakhsiyyah Department, IAIN Pontianak. The results showed that the lecturer chose internet authentic material regarding Islamic character values, and he administered an online readability test to gain a reading passage that fits students' abilities. According to interviews with several students, after reading and discussing passages containing Islamic character values, students felt that such reading materials were beneficial information, and they attempted to behave according to Islamic characters mentioned in the reading passages.
Transformation of Learning Management: Integrative Study of Islamic Boarding School Curriculum
Authors: Ilyasin Mukhamad
Published: June 2020

The existence of Islamic education e.g. Islamic boarding schools has contributed in in the middle of social lives in Indonesia. Continuously, Islamic boarding schools have developed in accordance with social demand nowadays. Besides, Islamic boarding school education should make adaptation by doing many changes especially in the field of learning management through curriculum integration of Salafiyah and Kholafiyah in order to build Islamic boarding school as central for excellent. Therefore, as an effort to achieve intended goal, observation and interview were conducted to obtain the data regarding with description of learning management especially concerning with Salafiyah and Kholafiyah curriculums at Nabil Husein Islamic boarding school Samarinda. The findings indicate that the value of Islamic boarding school is assumed as a core value of curriculum development as shifting paradigm through Islamic boarding school learning management. That paradigm has correlation with institutional goals of Nabil Husein i.e. as Islamic education main controller with religious and moral values oriented. In addition, graduates of Nabil Husein are expected to master two types of knowledge fields i.e. general and Islamic knowledges with spiritual values, so that Islamic boarding school education graduates are able to integrate among social, emotion, and intelligence quotients. Further implication is also noticed and suggested in this research.
A New Object-Based Algorithm To Simulate Geometrical and Petrophysical Turbidite Channel Properties
Authors: Grajales Viviana Vargas , Pinto da Silva Tamires Pereira , Barreto Abelardo Borges , Pesco Sinésio
Published: June 2020

An object-based algorithm that models turbidite channels using training images, called skeleton-based simulation or SKESIM, is proposed in this study. These images are interpreted as a graph and used to extract the statistical distribution of parameters selected from the graph. From this information, a 3D model of turbidite channel systems was built. These channels were generated within the turbidite lobe, creating a simulated depositional system. After the geometry of the channels were simulated by SKESIM, the petrophysical properties were mapped by Gaussian-like distributions. Numerical simulations were used to fit the simulated permeability field to a reference case through an objective function. A commercial finite difference simulator was used to compare the reference data to the simulated data, and comparable results were obtained.
Development of Scale Inhibitor for High Salinity High Iron Containing Brines
Authors: Daniels J. Katrina , Feasey Neil
Published: June 2020

The production of high salinity brines (Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) > 250,000 ppm) during oil and gas production is known to cause severe scaling issues. When high TDS conditions are coupled with high concentrations of dissolved iron in a produced water, the challenges for controlling scale deposition increase significantly. The formation of the more common mineral scales (barium/strontium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and calcium) is expected in these produced waters and often other challenges associated with high TDS brines include the propensity for halite (sodium chloride) deposition to also occur in these environments as well. The elevated iron content present in these brines not only introduces the potential for deposition of iron-related scales but is also known to have a negative impact on scale inhibitor performance against calcium carbonate and barium sulfate scales. However, the impact on the inhibitor is different for both types of scale. The objective of this work is to evaluate the performance efficiency of polymeric and phosphonate-based scale inhibitor blends under both static and dynamic testing conditions using a synthetic brine with high TDS and varying concentrations of dissolved iron (up to 250 ppm).

The synergistic effects of combining these chemistries will be evaluated for this work. Dynamic Scale Loop (DSL) and static bottle testing will be used to determine the performance the efficiencies of the developed products.

When tested individually under a mixed scaling scenario with a high TDS and high iron containing brine, the scale inhibitors selected for this study had performance efficiencies (MED) values of 200 ppm or greater. However, when polymer/phosphonate scale inhibitor blends were evaluated a significant improvement in performance efficiency was observed.

This paper will give a detailed account of testing conducted to identify inhibitors capable of preventing the deposition of calcium carbonate and iron-related scales in challenging environments by utilizing the synergistic effects of the scale inhibitor chemistries.
Effect of Magnesium and Iron on Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in Rich Monoethylene Glycol MEG
Authors: Kundu Shiv Shankar , Seiersten Marion Elisabeth
Published: June 2020

Monoethylene glycol (MEG) regeneration systems often have a pre-treatment unit for controlled precipitation and subsequent removal of carbonates and hydroxides. The purpose is to avoid scaling in downstream process system. CaCO3 is often the main solid removed in the pre-treatment. This study is on the effect of magnesium and iron(II) ions on the CaCO3 polymorph that forms, its particle size and morphology and the residual calcium concentration in solution.

Experiments were performed in a continuous reactor at 80 °C. The residence time was ca. 20 minutes. The feed to the reactor was 50 wt% MEG (representative rich MEG) containing divalent cations and NaCl. Concentrated alkali (NaHCO3, Na2CO3 and/or NaOH) was added to precipitate the divalent cations. The slurry in the reactor was sampled and filtered. The filtrate was analysed for alkalinity and residual divalent cations, and the dried solids were characterised to determine crystal morphology in addition to elemental and phase composition.

The experiments were run as a continuous process for ca. 4 hours. Steady state with respect to precipitation was established after ca. 1 hour and from that point in time, the concentration of Ca2+ and CO32- was nearly constant. Aragonite was the dominating CaCO3 polymorph and the main precipitate. At steady state, the saturation ratio (SR, activity product divided by the solubility constant) of aragonite was in the range 1-5. Magnesium ions in solution seemed to maintain the steady state SR of aragonite above 1, while the aragonite crystals became significantly smaller when Mg2+ precipitated as an amorphous solid and the residual concentration in solution was low. Siderite is less soluble than aragonite, and in 50 wt% MEG at 80 °C, its precipitation rate was sufficiently high to give low residual Fe2+ concentration when CaCO3 precipitated to low Ca2+ concentration. Siderite co-precipitating with aragonite at mol ratio siderite:aragonite~1:5 had little effect on the morphology and particle size of aragonite.
Are Scale-Dissolver Enhancers Necessary for Calcium Sulfates?
Authors: Reyes-Garcia Enrique Antonio , Holan Kristina Henkel
Published: June 2020

Scale dissolvers for CaSO4, are composed of chelants, including aminocarboxylates or phosphonates, and can contain lower concentrations of other chemical additives (enhancers) that improve dissolution. We investigate the effectiveness of enhancers, whose function is to increase the dissolution rate, by examining the effect of substituted acetates. The objective is to elicit the chemical properties that make an enhancer effective, identify costs, safety considerations, and validate their application and limitations for field use.

Two types of mineral anhydrite and nine enhancer agents were used in static dissolution tests. Thin slabs were soaked in dissolver fluids, including a converter agent, at a pH between eight and ten. The enhancer concentration spanned 0.5, 5, and 10% w/v and probed both the catalytic and inhibitory effects. The dissolver was selected and optimized based on a customized screening methodology. Tests with mass/volume ratios of 0.1 and 0.02 were employed to fit mass-loss data to a kinetic model and rank the general rates of dissolution, which indicate there is a favorable chemical enhancer type of additive.

Mass-loss rates using two types of anhydrite, obtained at 200°F from one to six hours, indicate strong enhancer activity. Distinctive effects are found depending on the chemical substituent on the enhancer agent. Dissolution of anhydrite shows significantly different rates at 1 hour and mass-limiting effects with no differentiation for m/v = 0.02 at four hours and nearly a similar initial rate at one hour for m/v = 0.1. A significant differentiation is observable after one hour. Inhibitory effects are discernable at high concentrations (10% enhancer). The type of substrate also shows differences in dissolution activity among blue and grey anhydrite. We found a strong correlation with the dissolver enhancer chemical type, indicating a chemical class of agents that could have applicability in descaling operations. The enhancers have been ranked by health and safety characteristics and cost to assess the feasibility of use in oilfield environments.

The use of enhancer agents in scale dissolver fluids can provide dissolution within one to four hours, helping shorten the shut-in period for this treatment. Tests show that including highly polarizable agents can lead to faster dissolution of anhydrite.
Evaluation of the Need for Scale Inhibitor Injection During Formation Water Production in a Subsea Gas Field Using Partly PH Stabilised Mono Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Halvorsen Anne Marie , Hauge Kristin , Andersen Kari Straume , Kaasa Baard
Published: June 2020

A subsea gas field uses MEG with pH stabiliser and film forming corrosion inhibitor for hydrate and corrosion control. Formation water production from some of the wells is expected and when mixed with partly pH stabilised MEG, there is an increased risk for carbonate scaling in the mixing point at the wellhead and in the production pipeline. Scale calculations gives calcium carbonate saturation ratios at a level where scale formation is expected in produced water systems which indicate a need for scale inhibitor. It is assumed that precipitation of salts in MEG systems is slower than in water-based systems and a work was started to investigate if higher saturation ratios could be tolerated in a system containing MEG than in a water system without MEG. Scale testing were performed with and without MEG at relevant field conditions to evaluate if formation water can be produced without use of scale inhibitor at a low risk for scaling. Glass equipment with a mixing cell connected to short steel pipes mounted upstream and downstream of a glass coil were used in the scale testing. Calcium carbonate scale was identified by SEM/EDS on the steel pipes and the amounts of deposited calcium carbonate were found by weighing. Amounts of deposition in the tests were compared with the theoretically amounts that could precipitate. These results were further combined with deposition considerations in the piping in the field as a function of time to evaluate the risk for blocking the piping downstream the MEG injection point with calcium carbonate scale. Based on the scale testing and deposition evaluations it was concluded that use of scale inhibitor was not necessary since the risk for build-up of scale in the piping was very low.
Modelling the Impact of Low Salinity Waterflooding, Polymer Flooding and Thermally Activated Polymer on Produced Water Composition
Authors: Al Bahri Mohammed Said , Vazquez Oscar , Beteta Alan , Al Kalbani Munther Mohammed , Mackay Eric James
Published: June 2020

It is common that a large volume of hydrocarbons remained unrecovered after primary and secondary recovery. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), as tertiary recovery, plays a key role in recovering additional volumes of hydrocarbons. However, there is little work in the literature on the impact of different EOR mechanisms on the flow behaviour of formation/injected brines and scaling tendencies. The objective of this manuscript is to investigate, by the means of reservoir simulation, the impact of different EOR techniques, namely low salinity waterflooding (LSW), polymer flooding and Thermally Activated Polymer (TAP), for in-depth conformance control, on oil recovery and BaSO4 scale deposition.

A reactive transport reservoir simulator was used to evaluate the impact of three EOR techniques in the mixing profiles of injected seawater and formation brine, resulting in the precipitation reaction of BaSO4, due to the incompatible mixing of formation and injected brines. Three two-dimensional models were considered, a homogeneous and heterogeneous areal model to compare polymer flooding and LSW; and a vertical heterogeneous model to analyse the effect of TAP.

Results show that LSW delays and reduces the risk of BaSO4 scale deposition at the producer, due to the fact that the concentration of injected SO42- is significantly lower than full sulphate injection seawater. However, LSW results in longer co-production period of Ba2+ and SO42- ions, due to the fact that Ba2+ stripping is reduced because of the scale precipitation within the reservoir is reduced. Polymer flooding improves the sweep displacement, which delays the onset of scale formation, shortens the co-production period of the scaling ions at the producer and reduces the amount of water produced, hence, reducing the scale risk. TAP injection results in the delay of the injected water breakthrough, which delays the onset of scale formation in the producer; however, it can increase the amount of formation water (hence Ba2+ ions concentration), mainly from the low permeability zones, in the producer.

EOR techniques may have a major influence on the evolution of scaling ions in the produced water, which has to be taken into account for an optimum scale management strategy, to maximize oil production.
Improved Scale Squeeze Placement in Horizontal Wells With Pressure Variations Along the Well Using Non-Newtonian Fluids With Inflow Control Devices
Authors: Droppert Vincent , Hatscher Stephan , Djayapertapa Lesmana , Byrne Michael
Published: June 2020

The Nova subsea oilfield development is located in the Norwegian sector of the Northern North Sea and will be developed with 3 oil-producer / water-injector pairs. Two of the production wells will be open hole horizontal wells of moderate length (400 – 1000 m) completed with sand screens equipped with ICDs (inflow control devices) to facilitate the best possible clean-up and to optimize inflow distribution.

The injection of filtered and treated seawater has been selected for reservoir pressure support. Despite the relatively low Barium content (<70 mg/L) in the formation water, sulphate scaling is expected to appear in the production wells once injection water breakthrough occurs. In order to maintain well productivity, periodic successfully placed scale squeezes are essential.

As the horizontal wells are completed across multiple reservoir segments in the same layer, uncertainties in fault transmissibility and water injector connectivity may result in variation of pressure along the well, thereby complicating squeeze placement. Traditionally, variation in rate and fluid viscosity have been applied to improve placement of scale inhibitor in the higher-pressure layers connected to the water injector. Chemical vendor simulations indicated that for a pressure variation below 5 bar adequate placement could be achieved with non-Newtonian fluids, however for higher differential pressures significant portions of the well would go untreated.

The Nova sand screens are equipped with inflow control devices designed to allow the best possible clean-up after drilling and optimize inflow during production by distribution of drawdown and limiting of annular flow. The idea of using the same principles for scale squeeze was difficult to prove due to limitations in vendor placement software and other industry standard modelling packages not being able to model the combination of ICDs and non-Newtonian fluids.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) on the other hand can simulate various factors that could influence the placement of scale inhibitors along the well length. Factors such as Newtonian versus non-Newtonian scale inhibitors, different reservoir pressure profile, ICD nozzle sizes and different well completions. This is all possible because CFD is largely based on physics and rigorous geometry, which is a significant step forward compared to the industry-standard scale squeeze placement software (Byrne 2010, 2011, 2014).

Application of a computational fluid dynamics well model has provided confidence that the combination of non-Newtonian fluids and production ICDs would allow scale squeeze placement along the whole reservoir interval despite significant pressure variations across it.
Economic Optimization and Calcite Scale Management of CO2-EOR in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Rodrigues Hydra , Mackay Eric , Arnold Daniel , Azari Vahid , Vazquez Oscar
Published: June 2020

How to estimate operational controls so as to optimize economic returns in CO2-WAG projects and reduce calcite scale risk? The reactivity and heterogeneity intrinsic to carbonate reservoirs make CO2-WAG (Water Alternating Gas) injection a big challenge. While miscibility effects greatly increase oil recovered, the presence of CO2 can cause severe flow assurance issues. The aim of this paper is to introduce a simulation-based methodology to optimize the design of CO2-EOR operations, considering economics, mineral scaling risk and environmental impact.

A compositional reservoir model was built to simulate a reactive 3-phase miscible flow in porous media. Aiming at maximizing the Net Present Value (NPV), we optimized the following operational variables: duration of waterflooding period; injection rates; producer bottomhole pressure (BHP); WAG ratio, gas half-cycle duration and number of cycles for different WAG stages (tapered WAG). We then used the forecasted data to quantify calcium carbonate scaling tendency for the scenarios of interest and design scale management strategies (squeeze treatments) with the lowest costs.

The optimal WAG design found through the methodology increased NPV by 55.6% compared to a base-case waterflooding scenario. We also found that performing a waterflood in a carbonate reservoir with high CO2 content will result in more severe calcite scale risk than applying equivalent WAG schemes. A lower production BHP can reduce the potential for precipitation, by allowing the CO2 to evolve from the aqueous solution within the reservoir, before it arrives at the production wellbore. On the other hand, a lower producer BHP can increase water production rates and, therefore, scale risk.

The proposed workflow provides valuable insights on the procedures involved in simulating and optimizing CO2-WAG projects with high calcite scale risk. Its application demonstrated the importance of an integrated analysis that seeks for higher economic returns in a sustainable manner, with reduced production issues caused by CO2 speciation.
The Importance of an Appropriate Test Program for the Evaluation of Suppliers Raw Materials
Authors: Williams Helen , McCallum Catriona , Johnston Michael , Jordan Myles
Published: June 2020

The practice of scale squeeze treatments to oil and gas production wells to prevent inorganic scale formation has been used for over 30 years. The test methods used for selection of chemicals for these treatments are well understood. Performance testing to determine a minimum effective dose (MED) followed by core flood testing to understand propensity for formation damage has been conducted successfully for many years to allow chemical selection.

This paper describes the steps taken to qualify a new source for a common squeeze scale inhibitor chemistry. Samples from an established supplier were compared with those from the potential new supplier. Physical properties were compared and showed no difference, and the chemicals performed similarly in static jar tests for sulphate scale control. Further testing in a coreflood test confirmed that no formation damage resulted from application of either chemical. Return profiles from the chemical tests indicated similar squeeze lifetimes would be expected for both chemicals.

Further testing was conducted to confirm similar performance following desorption from the reservoir. Static jar tests were conducted using samples taken from the postflush of the coreflood. These indicated very different performance from the initial tests. The sample from the potential new supplier did not perform at the same MED, or at higher dose rates tested. This can be attributed to a difference in the weight distribution of the chemical, which results in different rates of desorption which impacts the sulphate scale inhibition performance.

The results shared in this paper will indicate the importance of ensuring tests conducted to qualify new sources consider more than simple physical properties but also the application environment of the chemical. Testing for continual injection application would have passed the alternative chemical as suitable. However, for squeeze applications, the variation in molecular weight reduced the chemical's sulphate scale inhibition, only observed in coreflood effluent performance tests.

This paper clearly shows that specific evaluation of chemicals under appropriate field conditions are critical to ensure appropriate chemicals are selected and applied in the field.
Extended Release Phosphonate Scale Inhibitor for Enhanced Squeeze Application
Authors: Jayawickramage Rangana , Swanson Kyle , Guraieb Paula , Nguyen Bradley , Tomson Ross
Published: June 2020

Diethylenetriamine penta(methylenephosphonicacid) (DTPMP) is a commonly used phosphonate scale inhibitor for CaCO3 and BaSO4. Even though DTPMP can be squeezed into the reservoir, the duration of the flow back could be improved. Therefore, frequent injection is needed to maintain the minimum inhibitor concentration, which costs a lot of money, time and chemicals. There have been some studies carried out to extend the release life of DTPMP, but none was able to get into a level that can be scalable and proven in the field. Taking into consideration those facts, an extended release carrier platform for DTPMP (ER-DTPMP) was designed and synthesized to extend the squeeze life time of DTPMP while maintaining its excellent inhibition properties.

ER-DTPMP was synthesized by attaching DTPMP into a proprietary carrier platform via various bridging components. Temporal product stability is shown well past five months and ongoing. The product has undergone extensive compatibility testing which includes product stability in high temperatures, compatibility with brine and KCl fluids, effect of shear, and high temperature and pressure.

Possible formation damage was studied in regain perm experiments by measuring differential pressure across the core. Around 300% (3x) extension of lifetime of incumbent DTPMP was obtained for the ER-DTPMP, when performing core flood experiments using a sandstone core. Field trials are ongoing at the time of this publication and will be the subject of a consequent paper.