bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Outcomes Following Total Laryngectomy and Pharyngolaryngectomy: A 20-Year Single Center Study
Authors: Layton Thomas , Thomas Rachel , Harris Carol , Holmes Sam , Fraser Lisa , Silva Priy , Winter Stuart C.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Laryngeal cancer accounts for 1% of all cancers in men and 0.3% of all cancers in women. Pharyngolaryngectomy (TPL) and total laryngectomy (TL) are central surgical techniques in the management of advanced laryngeal malignancies but are associated with significant morbidity. In addition, optimal reconstruction following TPL remains an area of active research.

Methods:

Here, we compared speech and swallowing outcomes following circumferential and partial pharyngeal resection alongside total laryngectomy in patients with laryngeal and hypolaryngeal tumors. We performed a systemic analysis of patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment modality, and pharyngeal reconstruction technique following TPL and TL, leveraging data collected over a 20-year period at a large tertiary referral center.

Results:

Analyzing 155 patients the results show circumferential pharyngeal defects and prior radiotherapy have a significant impact on surgical complications.

Conclusion:

Pharyngeal resection carries a substantial risk of incurring impaired speech and swallowing in patients. Moreover, our results support poorer functional outcomes with more radical pharyngeal resections and show a clear trend toward worse swallowing outcomes in salvage surgery.
Prognosis of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: The Nomogram Perspective
Authors: Wu Huadong , Wan Wei , Jiang Hongqun , Xiong Yuanping
Published: January 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study is to create a nomogram for accurately predicting the prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) and provide a reference for clinical treatment.

Methods:

Three hundred and twenty-three patients with ISSNHL were admitted from September 2014 to November 2020. The clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic factors for ISSNHL were assessed based on univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and used to create a nomogram. Nomogram performance in terms of predictive and discriminatory ability was evaluated by calculating the concordance index (C-index) and generating calibration plots.

Results:

The overall hearing improvement rate was 41.4%, comprising complete recovery (13.3%), marked recovery (17.0%), and slight recovery (11.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, symptoms of vertigo, interval between onset and treatment, low-density lipoprotein, and type of hearing loss were independent predictors of ISSNHL. A nomogram based on these 5 factors had a C index of 0.798 (95% confidence interval 0.750-0.845).

Conclusions:

Age, vertigo, interval between onset and treatment, low-density lipoprotein level, and type of hearing loss are closely associated with hearing recovery. The nomogram may enable prediction of the prognosis of ISSNHL and facilitate clinical decision-making.
Attenuated Total Reflection Far-Ultraviolet (ATR-FUV) Spectroscopy is a Sensitive Tool for Investigation of Protein Adsorption
Authors: Hashimoto Kosuke , Morisawa Yusuke , Tortora Mariagrazia , Rossi Barbara , Ozaki Yukihiro , Sato Hidetoshi
Published: January 2022

Attenuated total reflection far-ultraviolet (ATR-FUV) spectra in the 145–250 nm region were studied for four kinds of proteins (two α-helix-rich proteins: bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme and two β-sheet rich proteins: concanavalin A and γ-globulin) in different solutions (pure water and phosphate buffered saline, or PBS) with different concentrations. All the spectra show a band at 191 nm due to the π–π* transition of amide bonds of the proteins. The wavelength of the band does not change with their second structures, suggesting that the corresponding electronic transition mode is localized and polarized in the direction that is not affected by the difference in the peptide folding. The intensity of the 191 nm band differs with the concentration of salt in the solution, suggesting that the band intensity reflects the adsorption density of a protein on the internal reflection element (IRE) made of a sapphire glass prism. According to the intensity changes of the band at 191 nm, it is revealed that the properties in adsorption are different from one protein to another. It is assumed that there are two types of forces on the protein adsorption: one is that among the molecules and the other is that between a molecule and a substrate. The origin of force includes localized electrostatic polarity and affinity to water. The ions in the solvent give a marked effect on these forces, resulting in the difference in the response to adsorption density against the salt concentration in the solvent.
Model-Based Optimization of Laser Excitation and Detection Improves Spectral Contrast in Noninvasive Diffuse Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Dooley Max , Paterson Thomas , Dexter Louise , Matousek Pavel , Dehghani Hamid , Notingher Ioan
Published: January 2022

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a powerful technique for subsurface molecular analysis of optically turbid samples. Numerical modeling of light propagation has been used to investigate opportunities for improving spectral contrast and signal to noise ratio when imaging regions of interest located 0–4.5 mm below the surface in polymer bulk material. Two- and three-dimensional modeling results demonstrate that when analyzing a certain region of interest (ROI) of finite lateral dimensions below the sample surface, offsetting both the laser source and detector in opposite directions from the central point of the ROI can increase the spectral contrast as compared to conventional SORS approach where the detector or the laser source is maintained at the central point (centered SORS). The outlined modeling results have been validated experimentally using a bulk polymer sample with a trans-stilbene ROI (cylinder) below the sample surface. The results show that modeling of the spatial configurations of laser excitation and detection points can be used to optimize the instrument configuration to achieve significant improvements (up to 2.25-fold) in performance over the conventional centered SORS. Such optimal solutions can then be implemented, for example, using robust fiber optic probes, moveable optics, or flexible spatial light modulator instruments for specific applications.
A Simple Sample Preparation Method to Significantly Improve Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectra of Microplastics
Authors: Finnegan Alexander , Süsserott Rebekah C. , Koh Lip-Hwee , Teo Wei-Boon , Gouramanis Chris
Published: January 2022

Spectroscopic analysis has become an essential part of the rapidly growing field of microplastic (MP) research. Here, we introduce a simple sample preparation method that dramatically improves results from Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of MP and other environmental fibers. Our method provides cost-effective, reliable, high-quality spectra that achieve high-matching scores to polymer libraries. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated with two environmental datasets from Singapore and Phnom Penh that were collected while sampling for atmospheric MPs. The method developed and applied in this study is a simplification of the KBr method, where the analyzed fiber is pressed to a thickness of <10 μm; however, no KBr powder is required. For the combined dataset, 379 non-pressed fibers were analyzed with 193 (51%) returning a search score of ≥80% (chosen minimum search score threshold) and 259 pressed fibers, with 254 (98%) returning a search score of ≥80%. Direct comparisons of fibers before and after pressing show that the highest individual search score, and average search score from multiple single-point measurements, is overwhelmingly higher following our method. Our method immobilizes and improves the surface of the fiber, by creating a wider and uniform area for measurements. For FT-IR operators, this saves considerable time, improves reliability of the analysis, and, importantly, provides reproducibility of the spectra generated.
The temporal relationship between mental health service use and stalking perpetration
Authors: Albrecht Bonnie , Spivak Benjamin , Daffern Michael , McEwan Troy E
Published: January 2022

Objective:

Mental disorder is common among people who stalk. However, the nature of this association is unclear and it is not known whether the commencement of stalking is associated with symptoms of disorder. This study used a longitudinal design to examine the association between the onset and cessation of stalking behavior and indicators of mental disorder in the form of mental health service use.

Method:

Data linkage was used to explore public mental health service use among 157 people who engaged in stalking in Melbourne, Australia. Mental health service use across the lifetime, 5 months prior to stalking onset, between the onset and cessation of stalking (during stalking) and 5 months post-stalking was identified. Mixed regression models tested temporal associations between types of mental health service use (acute vs continuing care) and onset and cessation of stalking in a subsample of 130 participants where dates of the stalking episode were available.

Results:

A total of 105 (67%) participants had lifetime use of public mental health services, while 15% accessed mental health services in the 5 months prior to ( N = 19) or during the stalking ( N = 20) and 22% ( N = 29) used services in the 5 months after the stalking ceased. Odds of using acute mental health services and average monthly rate of use were highest during the stalking. Odds and average monthly rate of using continuing care were highest after the episode ceased.

Conclusions:

Most people who stalk have used public mental health services, but a minority access services immediately prior to or during the stalking episode. Acute service use was more common during the stalking, while use of continuing care services was more common after the stalking ceased. These findings provide preliminary support for a temporal relationship between acute mental disorder and stalking behavior.
African Renaissance as a Premise for Reimagined Disability Studies in Africa
Authors: Ned Lieketseng Yvonne
Published: January 2022

Disability studies globally is concerned, in various ways, with questions of systemic injustices and inequities that persons with disabilities are subjected to. Persons with disabilities are often positioned as the objects of research rather than equal thinkers and knowledge bearers in their own right. These issues are amplified in the context of African societies, where access is even more challenging than in wealthier countries, and many persons with disabilities are excluded from education altogether. This situation reinforces their epistemic vulnerability. As such, there is limited work on doing disability research from the frame of reference of those in these African societies. This article operates at the nexus of two scholarly traditions. The first of these is the field of disability studies, which is generally dominated by Global North thinking than ideas and experiences from the Global South, and which has addressed questions of knowledge and participation quite extensively, but most commonly in high-income countries. The second is the long-standing political and epistemological African Renaissance lens for understanding and rebelling against imperialism and neo-colonial advances in formerly colonized African societies. I integrate and engage these two scholarly traditions to contribute to charting possibilities of what critical disability studies might look like and mean, from the premise of an African Renaissance. Central to this discussion is building on African theorization while also challenging the dominating and hegemonic white-centric theorization that dominates the field and epistemology in general.
Changes in dynamic mechanical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates under multiple low energy impacts
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Wang Shengnan
Published: January 2022

Composite laminates used in aircraft structures are easily subjected to multiple impacts during their service period. The detailed analysis of impact responses could reflect the stiffness of composite structure. Nevertheless, the impact response of laminates with a large width-thickness ratio is quite different from that of ordinary laminates. The deflection could reach several times the thickness during the impact. The present paper performed an experimental study using drop weight equipment to investigate the changes in dynamic mechanical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates during multiple low energy impacts. Three kinds of impact energy levels of 5, 10, and 15 J were applied for the single impact event. The specimens impacted at 5 and 10 J were then subjected to subsequent impacts in order to explore the differences between single and multiple strikes with the same total impact energy. The global mechanical responses during each impact procedure were recorded and analyzed by the changes of impact force, contact time, peak energy moment, energy absorption, and displacement after every single impact. Although the first strike had introduced damages into the plates, the peak force and maximum displacement increased unexpectedly rather than decreased during the second strike. Meanwhile, the damage was evaluated using ultrasonic C-scan and visual inspection. The results indicated that the multiple impacts did not produce as much damage as the first strike. Short matrix cracks were observed at the edge of the dent except for the single impact with 5 J energy.
Revisiting Kirchhoff–Love plate theories for thin laminated configurations and the role of transverse loads
Authors: Zhao Xue , Sun Zhi , Zhu Yichao , Yang Chunqiu
Published: January 2022

The present article aims to re-derive a (de-)homogenization model for particularly investigating the behavior of thin laminated plates withstanding transverse loads. Instead of starting with Kirchhoff-type of assumptions, we directly apply perturbation analysis, in terms of the small parameter introduced by the thinness of composite plates, to the original three-dimensional governing elastostatic equations. The present article sees its intriguing points in the following three aspects. First, it is shown that transverse loads applied on a thin laminated plate induce an in-plane stress response, which essentially differs from the case of single-layered homogenous plates. A scaling law estimating the magnitude of the in-plane stresses due to transverse loads is then given, and a size effect in such induced in-plane stresses arises. Second, the stress state at any position of interest in the original three-dimensional configuration can be asymptotically estimated following a (de-)homogenization scheme, and the (de-homogenization) accuracy is shown, both theoretically and numerically, to be at a same order of magnitude as the thickness-to-size ratio. Third, the asymptotic analysis here identifies the right order of magnitude for the transverse normal strain, which is often set to vanish, leading to the so-called Poisson’s locking problem in classical thin plate theories.
Experimental investigation of the modified butterfly notch shear specimen with PMCs
Authors: Geise Luke , Seifert Ryan , Rapking Daniel , Abbott Andrew , Flores Mark
Published: January 2022

An experimental study of the modified butterfly shear sample was undertaken for polymer matrix composites using three quasi-isotropic IM7/977-3 laminates. This study used 3D digital image correlation (DIC) to observe and quantify the severe shear strain concentrations developed by compressively loading the modified butterfly geometry laminates. Interrupted X-Ray computed tomography (X-Ray CT) was used to understand the failure mechanisms present in the region of shear strain. By choosing to conduct interrupted testing, the progressive nature of the damage could be observed. At ultimate failure, extensive damage in the region of high shear strain was observed using post testing inspection with X-Ray CT. The mechanical testing was accompanied by numerical simulations for each laminate. The damage predicted by the numerical simulations was shown to be consistent with the damage observed with the post failure inspection via X-Ray CT. Stress components caused by free-edge effects were also quantified, and shown to have a minimal impact on the failure mode in the region of interest.
Mimicking nature to reduce agricultural impact on water cycles: A set of mimetrics
Authors: van Noordwijk Meine , van Oel Pieter , Muthuri Catherine , Satnarain Usha , Sari Rika Ratna , Rosero Paulina , Githinji Margaret , Tanika Lisa , Best Lisa , Comlan Assogba Gildas Geraud , Kimbowa George , Andreotti Federico , Lagneaux Elisabeth , Wamucii Charles Nduhiu , Hakim Arief Lukman , Miccolis Andrew , Abdurrahim Ali Yansyah , Farida Ai , Speelman Erika , Hofstede Gert Jan
Published: January 2022

Metrics of hydrological mimicry (‘mimetrics’) reflect similarity in ecological structure and/or functions between managed and natural ecosystems. Only the land-surface parts of hydrological cycles are directly visible and represented in local knowledge and water-related legislation. Human impacts on water cycles (HIWC) can, beyond climate change, arise through effects on local and regional hydrological processes, from both reduced and increased water use compared to a natural reference vegetation with which landscape structure and hydrology are aligned. Precipitationsheds, the oceanic and terrestrial origin of rainfall, depend on evapotranspiration and thus on vegetation. The political commitment to reduce agricultural impact on nature requires hydrological mimetrics to trickle down through institutions to actions. Existing metrics do not suffice. For example, the water footprint metric that relates agricultural water use to consumption decisions, suggests minimizing water use is best, ignoring full hydrological impacts. We explore principles, criteria and indicators for understanding HIWC, via modified evapotranspiration, effects on streamflow (downstream impacts) and atmospheric fluxes and precipitation (downwind impacts). Comprehensive HIWC mimetrics for a set of pantropical watersheds suggest hydrological mimicry options for forest-derived land use patterns through intermediate densities of trees with diversity in rooting depth and water use, interacting with soils, crops and livestock.
Topical Review: Optometric Considerations in Sports Versus E-Sports
Authors: Argilés Marc , Quevedo-Junyent Lluïsa , Erickson Graham
Published: January 2022

Electronic sports (e-sports) have recently emerged to become a rapidly growing form of videogame competition, requiring gamers to spend many hours in front of a visual display. The nature of this new modality raises important considerations for ocular health, and visual and perceptual functioning, compared to traditional sports. In general, sports performance has been associated with open spaces, gross motor movement, and balance, while electronic sports require visual and attentional stamina at near distances with fine motor control. From an optometric viewpoint, visual perception is specific to both the sports modality and the environment where sports take place. In this topical review, we consider e-sport optometric factors such as screen time and digital eyestrain, visual skill demands, and perceptual cognitive skills such as visual attention. We compare training considerations for traditional sports and training in gaming platforms, with recommendations for future research in this growing modality. The goal of this review is to raise awareness of the various elements to consider when providing vision care to e-sport participants.
Improving Soccer Players’ Memorization of Soccer Tactics: Effects of Visual Realism, Soccer Expertise, and Visuospatial Abilities
Authors: Mahfoudh Hatem Ben , Zoudji Bachir
Published: January 2022

In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of visual realism on soccer players’ memorization of soccer tactics according to their level of expertise and visuospatial abilities. We divided 48 volunteers into novice and expert soccer players and had them first perform a multitask visuospatial abilities (VSA) test and then undergo training with three dynamic soccer scenes, each presented with varied levels of realism (schematic, moderately realistic, and highly realistic). We then tested players’ memorization and reproduction of the soccer scenes and measured their visual processing with eye-tracking glasses to identify their cognitive processes during memorization. We found that reducing visual realism improved visual processing and memorization when compared to higher realism ( p < .001). Second, both higher (vs. lower) player expertise and higher (vs. lower) VSA influenced visual processing and enhanced memorization efficiency ( p < .001). Third, there were significant interaction effects between visual realism, player expertise, and player VSA ( p < .001) such that players with high VSA benefited more from reduced (vs. accentuated) visual realism than did players with low VSA. Thus, increasing visual realism can hinder tactical learning effectiveness, especially for learners who lack domain expertise and visuospatial abilities. Practically speaking, coaches and educators might improve their communications by tailoring tactical instructions to learners’ cognitive skills.
The Mediating Role of Autobiographical Memory in the Relationship Between Narcissism and Rejection Sensitivity
Authors: Sen Gamze , Pakyürek Gün
Published: January 2022

Both grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic individuals perceive a threat to the self when they face real or imaginary rejection. The sensitivity to rejection may affect them differently. Thus, this research examines the role of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in the retrieval of self-threatening memories. The study aims to test the mediating role of autobiographical memory (AM) in the relationship between rejection sensitivity (RS) and two dimensions of narcissism. A total of 369 university students (ages between 18 and 32) participated in the study. The Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire was applied to the participants, triggering the memory of positive and negative autobiographical rejection. Then, the Autobiographical Memory Characteristics Questionnaire and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory were applied. The results showed that the autobiographical memory characteristics differ depending on the dimension of narcissism when they face rejection. This changes depending on having positive or negative content as well as recalling the sensory details especially emotional characteristics of the AM. The use of AM as a mediator in the relationship between narcissism and rejection sensitivity has provided a viewpoint beyond experimental and relational studies. The results have shed light on the role of narcissism and RS in the processing of autobiographical memories.
Temporal Associations Between Depression and Hostility in the Context of a Divorce Intervention
Authors: Øverup Camilla S. , Cipric Ana , Strizzi Jenna M. , Sander Søren , Hald Gert Martin
Published: January 2022

Divorce interventions have been found to be effective in reducing negative outcomes for newly divorced people, including depression and hostility. Typically, divorce interventions cover a variety of issues that may influence people’s level of depression and hostility. However, it is unclear whether the interventions differentially affect the outcomes. That is, it may be that intervention participation leads to a reduction in depression, which is associated with a prospective reduction in hostility—or vice versa. The current study used a sample of 1,856 recently divorced Danes, who completed questionnaires at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-divorce. Structural equation modeling revealed that while depression and hostility were concurrently associated, there were no prospective associations, except for baseline depression predicting 3-month hostility. Moreover, the associations did not differ by gender. The results suggest that the intervention content may have influenced both depression and hostility. These findings may be useful in guiding future divorce intervention developments.
Commitment is the key: A moderated mediation model linking leaders’ resources, work engagement, and transformational leadership behavior
Authors: Geibel Hannah V. , Otto Kathleen
Published: January 2022

The present study aims at gaining insights into the underlying mechanisms leading from leaders’ resources to their transformational behavior. Based on the Job Demands-Resources theory, we hypothesized that leaders’ personal (self-efficacy) and job (role clarity) resources eventually enhance their performance, more specifically their transformational leadership, through fostering work engagement. Further, we proposed that the link between work engagement and transformational behavior is moderated by leaders’ affective commitment, drawing on Social Identity Theory. Data were collected from N = 216 German leaders in 2020 via an online survey. Hypotheses were tested by applying a moderated mediation model linking resources, engagement, commitment, and leadership behavior. The problem of potential endogeneity was further addressed. As predicted, both self-efficacy and role clarity enhanced leaders’ transformational behavior, mediated through work engagement. The relationship between leaders’ work engagement and performance was stronger when they felt a strong belonging and emotional attachment to their organization, that is, high affective commitment.
Role conflict in International Relations: the case of Indonesia’s regional and global engagements
Authors: Karim Moch Faisal
Published: January 2022

In recent years, scholars have devoted increased attention to the notion of roles in foreign policy analysis and international relations. However, role theory literature has so far less frequently explored re-conceptualising role conflict. To further understand the concept of role conflict, this article aims to unpacks the notion of international audiences. To do so, this article advances the application of role conflict by arguing the importance of notion of vertical role conflict that considers the different levels of international audiences, specifically regionally and globally. Building upon the symbolic interactionist conceptualisation of social interaction as a stage, regional and global levels can be seen as arenas for role-playing but with different expectations to fulfil. The article proposes two types of vertical role conflict, stemming from the difference between the regional and global levels. These theoretical claims will be elucidated through the study of Indonesia’s regional and global engagement in two areas: human rights and trade.
Examining the Impacts of Florida’s Developmental Education Reform for Non-Exempt Students: The Case of First-Year English and Math Course Enrollment and Success
Authors: Zhao Kai , Park-Gaghan Toby J. , Mokhe Christine G. , Hu Shouping
Published: January 2022

Objective: In 2014, Florida implemented Senate Bill 1720 (SB 1720), which drastically reshaped developmental education practices across the 28 public state colleges. Under the reform, around two-thirds of students became exempt from developmental education. Yet, many students were still required to take the placement test. If they scored below college-ready, they were assigned to developmental education courses using new accelerated strategies. This study focuses on the policy effects on these non-exempt students that received little attention in existing research but also were affected by the reform. Methods: Drawing on student-level data from two first-time-in-college cohorts who were enrolled in state colleges prior to SB 1720 and two cohorts who were enrolled after, this study uses multinomial logit models to predict non-exempt students’ first-year math and English outcomes. Results: We find that non-exempt students benefit from the policy, with significantly higher percentages of students enrolling in and completing college-level and advanced English and math courses after the reform. In addition, non-exempt English students with the lowest level of college readiness experienced the greatest gains post-reform in the completion rates in college-level and advanced English courses. While in math, non-exempt students who scored college-ready experienced the greatest increases post-reform in completion rates in college-level and advanced math courses. Conclusion: Although non-exempt students are not directly affected by the placement policy changes under SB 1720, they still benefit from the reform because of the new instructional strategies and enhanced academic advising and support services.
Osteitis in Diseases With Unilateral Opacification of Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Tsuda Takeshi , Takeda Kazuya , Terada Risa , Tanaka Shohei , Waki Sadanori , Akama Toshiyuki , Nishimura Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease with mucosal inflammation, and may sometimes be accompanied by bone thickening. The disease is usually bilateral; when it is unilateral, there may be a specific disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between unilateral sinus opacification and osteitis.

Methods

In total, 104 patients with computed tomography revealing unilateral sinus opacification were included in this study. Patients were retrospectively evaluated using the Global Osteitis Scoring Scale (GOSS) score, Lund–Mackey (LM) score, polyp score, and blood tests.

Results

In total, 47, 11, 9, 17, and 20 patients had CRS, paranasal sinus cyst, inverted papilloma, mycetoma, and odontogenic sinusitis, respectively. The GOSS score in patients with mycetoma was higher than that in patients with CRS. However, no significant differences in the GOSS scores between patients with mycetoma, inverted papilloma, and odontogenic sinusitis existed. 10 of the 104 patients had osteitis with extensive bone thickening and a GOSS score of 4 or higher. Patients with CRS and mycetoma tended to have a higher GOSS score for the maxillary sinus than for the other sinuses. There was a significant positive correlation between the GOSS score and LM score in patients with diseases other than paranasal sinus cyst.

Conclusions

Mycetoma is more likely to cause osteitis than CRS, and a unique mechanism of osteitis exacerbation is predicted. As there is a positive correlation between bone thickening and sinus inflammation, a close association between osteitis and mucosal inflammation is inferred in diseases involving unilateral sinus opacification.
Characteristics of music performance anxiety among undergraduate music students: A systematic review
Authors: Barros Samuel , Marinho Helena , Borges Nery , Pereira Anabela
Published: January 2022

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is described as a persistent apprehension that compromises performative skills both in solo and group performances. The aim of this systematic review was to discuss an overview of research articles addressing the characteristics of MPA as experienced by undergraduate music students. The search was undertaken in the databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Eric; of 1526 articles identified by the search keywords, 43 were selected for review through the PRISMA protocol. The study types included cross-sectional, experimental, longitudinal, descriptive, questionnaire survey, qualitative study, exploratory and retrospective follow-up designs. This review evidences the diversity of the contexts and topics addressed by current research, namely issues of prevalence, predictors of anxiety/risk factors, relationship between flow experience (FE) and MPA, and coping with MPA, adopting psychological, cognitive, physiological and behavioral perspectives. Notwithstanding, the review has also identified a lack of qualitative and longitudinal studies, studies on institutional teaching contexts, and of larger and more representative participant samples, which could promote a better understanding of the etiology of MPA among students attending higher education.
Putting Geographical Information Science in Place – Towards Theories of Platial Information and Platial Information Systems
Authors: Mocnik Franz-Benjamin
Published: January 2022

Place is a concept that can hardly be formally captured at the moment, as it is unclear how instances of places can formally be represented and how conclusions about places can practically be drawn by technological means. Geographical Information Science scholars hence tend to use the term ‘Place’ even when, in fact, they presume a paradigm similar to the one assumed for Geometrical Space. As a result, Space and thematic information is mostly treated separately, and the richness and variety of Place descriptions in terms of identities, affective states, affordances, and further aspects that have been discussed in Geography since a long time are not (yet) reflected well in corresponding discussions in Geographical Information Science. This article reviews the ongoing debate and outlines directions of how to extend it much beyond the currently assumed spatial paradigm towards platial information. Thereby, possible approaches and future prospects as well as limitations of Theories of Platial Information and Platial Information Systems are explored. The agenda laid out and discussed in this article aims to set a frame of reference for a re-focussing of the ongoing discourse on platial information and stimulate future developments towards a Platial Information Science.
The politics of pixels: A review and agenda for critical remote sensing
Authors: Bennett Mia M , Chen Janice K , Alvarez León Luis F , Gleason Colin J
Published: January 2022

We offer a review and research agenda for critical remote sensing, defined as inquiries and scientific practices cognizant of the embedding of power within the production, analysis, and instrumentalization of satellite imagery. First, we consider critiques of the satellite gaze. Second, we chronicle remote sensing’s evolving political economy, examining the technology’s use by governments, scientists, and commercial and non-governmental actors. Then, we review practices of critical remote sensing, categorized as research (1) exposing injustices; (2) engaging situated knowledges; and (3) empowering marginalized actors. Lastly, we suggest five areas for intertwining critiques and practices and consider possibilities for counter–remote sensing.
The Relationships Among ICT-Related Psychological Factors, School Contextual Factors and Secondary Students’ Reading Performance: A Multilevel Analysis Across 47 Economies
Authors: Xiao Ya , Hew K. F.
Published: January 2022

Evolving information and communication technology (ICT) reshapes people’s reading activities by popularizing digital reading. Past studies focused on the relationships between students’ frequency of ICT use and reading performance but neglected the possible interrelationships between students’ ICT-related psychological factors, school contextual factors, and reading performance. This study applied the Self-determination Theory (SDT) to explore the relationships between students’ ICT-related psychological factors (perceived interest, autonomy, competence, and social interaction in using ICT) and reading performance. The possible moderation effects of schools’ contextual variables (schools’ support in ICT devices and schools’ support in teachers’ capacity to integrate technology in teaching) were also investigated. Data from 222,293 secondary students from 10,103 schools in 47 economies who participated in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 were analyzed using three-level hierarchical linear modeling. The results provided support for the SDT by confirming the positive correlations between students’ ICT-related interest, autonomy and competence and reading performance, and the accentuating moderation effect of schools’ contextual factors. However, students’ perceived social interaction in ICT use was negatively correlated with reading performance, and this negative correlation worsened with increasing schools’ support in ICT devices while buffered with increasing schools’ support in teachers’ capacity to use technology.
Female Gender Performativity Around Breastfeeding in Abusive Relationships
Authors: Bomsta Heather
Published: January 2022

Women living in abusive relationships who choose to breastfeed their infants may do so for many reasons: bonding, health benefits for the infant and themselves, economics, and so on. Along with these benefits they are also choosing to engage in an activity that is often perceived as deeply gender performative. This study examines the gender performativity through breastfeeding of mothers living with intimate partner violence (IPV) and the ways in which these mothers use breastfeeding successfully (and unsuccessfully) to achieve what Butler (2004) terms a “livable life.” Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with thirteen mothers who lived with abusive partners while breastfeeding. Content analysis was used to examine the women’s accounts for gender performativity around breastfeeding. Gender performativity was used by these mothers successfully and unsuccessfully to attempt to stem the violence and chaos in their relationships. Mothers attempted to fulfill traditional female roles to appease abusive partners, used breastfeeding to protect themselves and their infants, and also drew strength from family, friends and medical/support professionals by fulfilling the ‘good mother’ role through breastfeeding.
Cost-Effectiveness of Community-to-Clinic Tailored Navigation for Colorectal Cancer Screening in an Underserved Population: Economic Evaluation Alongside a Group-Randomized Trial
Authors: Herman Patricia M. , Bucho-Gonzalez Julie , Menon Usha , Szalacha Laura A. , Larkey Linda
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Although screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) lowers mortality and morbidity and is generally cost-effective, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of screening promotion.

Design

Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a group-randomized trial. Setting: Multicultural, underinsured communities in the Phoenix, Arizona, area.

Subjects

English- or Spanish-speaking adults who were out of compliance for CRC screening guidelines.

Intervention

All participants received community-based group education (GE), and the intervention group also received tailored community-to-clinic navigation (GE+TN).

Measures

Number of participants screened and costs of tailored navigation, clinic visits, and CRC screening tests.

Analysis

Incremental cost per additional person screened from the perspective of the healthcare system with bootstrapped confidence intervals.

Results

Community sites were recruited and randomized to GE (n = 120) and GE + TN (n = 119). Across these sites 1154 individuals were screened, 504 were eligible, and 345 attended the group education class (n = 134 GE; n = 211 GE + TN). Screening rates (26.5% GE + TN; 10.4% GE; 16.1% increase 95% CI: 7%, 23%) and costs per participant ($271 GE + TN; $167 GE; a net cost increase of $104 95% CI: $1, $189) were significantly higher in the intervention group. Incremental cost-effectiveness was $646 (95% CI: -$68, $953) per additional person screened.

Conclusion

Depending on the value placed on an additional person screened, the addition of community-to-clinic tailored navigation to a community-based CRC screening promotion program may be highly cost-effective.
Reach, Receptivity, And Beliefs Associated With the Fresh Empire Campaign to Prevent and Reduce Cigarette Use Among Youth in the United States
Authors: Guillory Jamie , Curry Laurel , Farrelly Matthew , Henes Amy , Homsi Ghada , Saunders McKinley , MacMonegle Anna , Fiacco Leah , Alexander Tesfa , Delahanty Janine , Mekos Debra , Hoffman Leah , Ganz Ollie
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To determine the association between exposure to FDA’s Fresh Empire tobacco public education campaign and tobacco-related beliefs.

Design

Repeated cross-sectional data collection design with embedded longitudinal cohort over six data collection waves.

Setting

30 US evaluation markets.

Sample

Hip Hop peer crowd-identified US youth aged 12–18 (N = 5,378).

Measures

Self-reported brand and video ad awareness (saw any ad at least sometimes) and perceived effectiveness (1–5 scale) to describe campaign awareness and receptivity. Exogenous exposure was measured using population-adjusted broadcast and digital video impressions. Tobacco-related beliefs included beliefs about smoking risks, attitudes towards tobacco-free people and lifestyles, and normative beliefs about smoking.

Analysis

Descriptive analyses of awareness, receptivity, and agreement with tobacco-related beliefs. Logistic regression models to determine the relationship between broadcast and digital video impressions and beliefs.

Intervention

Fresh Empire campaign.

Results

The campaign generated a high level of reach (71% brand and 66% video ad awareness at final wave) and messages were well-received (across waves 3.5–4.1 mean perceived effectiveness scores). Higher broadcast television exposure was associated with increased agreement with five beliefs related to addiction/control, being a bad influence on family/friends, and cosmetic effects of smoking (breath and attractiveness) (ORs = 1.16–1.27, ( Ps < .05)).

Conclusion

Fresh Empire successfully reached and resonated with Hip Hop-identified youth. The campaign was associated with a limited number of targeted beliefs.
Comprando Rico y Sano: Increasing Latino Nutrition Knowledge, Healthful Diets, and Food Access Through a National Community-Based Intervention
Authors: Rascón Mayra S. , Garcia Melawhy L. , Nguyen-Rodriguez Selena T. , Galvez Gino , Gepp Alejandra , Carrillo Elizabeth , Carreon Rita
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Evaluation findings from Comprando Rico y Sano (CRS), a culturally relevant, community-based intervention addressing nutrition knowledge and food access are presented.

Design

No-control quasi-experimental intervention with pre, post, and follow-up assessments.

Setting

CRS was promotores-led through UnidosUS's Affiliate Network of community–based partners.

Sample

Low-income Latino adults (N = 966) receiving services at 25 partner sites.

Intervention

CRS was a six-hour intervention focused on nutrition knowledge and consumption of fruits, vegetables, and home-prepared meals. It also provided guidance for health-conscious grocery shopping, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) information, and enrollment assistance.

Measures

Self-report surveys assessed nutrition knowledge; intention to change; and frequency of fruit, vegetable, and home-prepared meal consumption. Sites reported monthly SNAP enrollment data.

Analysis

Paired-samples t-tests and repeated-measures ANOVAs assessed changes in knowledge, intentions, and behavior from pre-to-post (n = 960) and pre-to-follow-up (n = 115).

Results

Pre-to-follow-up increases in nutrition knowledge (P < .001) were observed. Intention to consume more vegetables (P = .027) and home-prepared meals (P < .001) also improved between pre- and follow-up. Increases from pre-to-follow-up were observed for frequency of consuming fruits (P = .007), vegetables (P = .001), and home-prepared meals (P < .001). Across 16 months, 24,359 Latinos enrolled for SNAP.

Conclusion

Large-scale community collaborations to deliver culturally relevant nutrition education and SNAP enrollment assistance can increase food access, health literacy, and promote healthful diets for Latinos.
Narrative Messages, Information Seeking and COVID-19 Vaccine Intention: The Moderating Role of Perceived Behavioral Control
Authors: Borah Porismita , Xiao Xizhu , Lee Danielle Ka Lai
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The main purposes of the current study are to examine 1) the influence of narrative vs statistics messages on COVID-19 related information seeking and COVID-19 vaccine intention and 2) the moderating role of perceived behavioral control (PBC).

Design

Data for a between-subject randomized experiment were collected online. The manipulation messages were presented as screenshots from the CDC’s Facebook page.

Setting

The participants were recruited from Amazon MTurk.

Subjects

A total of 300 subjects participated in the study, who were 18 years and above ( M = 38.40).

Measures

Intention to seek information, COVID-19 vaccine intention, and PBC.

Analysis

To test the hypotheses, we utilized Hayes’s (2014) PROCESS for SPSS (Model 1). For intention to seek information, the main effect of the message manipulation (narrative vs statistics) [ b = −2.10, t (300) = −4.14, P < .001] and the interaction [ b = .41, t (300) = 3.88, P < .001] were significant. For vaccine intention, the main effects of message manipulation [ b = 1.64, t (300) = −2.61, P < .005] and the interaction [ b = .34, t (300) = 2.64, P < .005] were significant.

Results

Our research found that narrative messages were more persuasive for both information seeking and vaccine intention. But this was true only in the case of individuals whose PBC was low.

Conclusions

Our findings have critical implications for vaccine promotion research.
Examining Links Between Black Women’s Intersectional Identities and Career Interests
Authors: Lannin Daniel G. , Kanter Jeremy B. , Lewis Dominiqueca , Greer Alexis , Ludwikowski Wyndolyn M. A.
Published: January 2022

The current study examined associations of intersectional social identities on Black women’s ( N = 126) career self-efficacy and interests at a Historically Black College and University (HBCU). Structural models examined associations of different aspects of gender and racial identity on Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) predictors (i.e., learning experiences and self-efficacy) for each RIASEC career interest. Social Cognitive Career Theory paths from learning experiences to career interests, via self-efficacy, were supported for all six career interests. For gender norms, domesticity directly predicted learning experiences and indirectly predicted interests for enterprising, investigative, social, and conventional themes; however, primacy of work conformity was not associated with learning experiences or indirect effects for any career interest. Racial centrality only predicted learning experiences and indirect effects on career interests for social careers. Aspects of racial and gender identity may set forth educational decisions that have implications for the eventual careers that many undergraduates pursue.
Examining Differentiation of Self Within Career Construction Model of Adaptation
Authors: Akün Çise , Işık Erkan , Savickas Mark
Published: January 2022

The present study examined the role of differentiation of self (DoS) in the career construction model of adaptation (CCMA) using a total sample of 243 married adults. Specifically, career construction theory (CCT) was extended by integrating Bowen family systems theory (BFST) and incorporating DoS as an adaptivity construct into the model. The data displayed a good fit to the model, and all hypothesized associations were supported. The direct paths from DoS to career adaptability, job, life, and marital satisfaction were positive and significant, as were the paths from career adaptability to job, life, and marital satisfaction. Furthermore, the mediation effect of career adaptability between DoS and job, life, and marital satisfaction was also significant. Based on these results, the implications and future research directions were discussed.