SENSE STRUCTURE OF MODAL UNITS “SAPERE” AND “ESSERE CAPACE DI” (in the Italian language)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Okhrimenko Valery 
Published: June 2019

The article focuses on appropriateness’s of quantifying of information in microtext of functioning of modal units “sapere” and “essere capace di” in the Italian language. Modal units “sapere” and “essere capace di” determine quantifying of information in microtext being nucleus and forming modal structures together with joined components. The modal structure is formed by joined components in according to the regularity rules in the near-nuclear zone (components combined with modal verb “sapere” or modal construction “essere capace di” and the near-peripheral zone (components used in the modal sentence with modal verb “sapere” or modal construction “essere capace di”or in adjacent sentences). The modal units “sapere” and “essere capace di” express the modal meaning of intrinsic possibility that is characterized by potential determination of logical connection between: 1) an object and a realization of its properties; 2) a being and a realization of its properties; 3) a subject and a realization of his abilities; 4) a subject with generalized status of a referent and his actions. Such potential determination is based on the correlation between the properties of object (subject) and their value being part of their ontological status. The modal units “sapere” and “essere capace di” acquire the status of modal structures in the microtext oh their functioning. These modal units conserving the liaison with their inner form possess semantic implicatures of implicativeness, associativeness, valuativeness. The tipical microtexts of functioning of the Italian modal units “sapere” and “essere capace di” are those of actionality and of evaluation. The inner form of the modal units “sapere” and “essere capace di” presuppose operations with quants of knowledge and human experience that implicate a liaison between an object (subject) and their properties. An object and a being implicate their typical properties as common knowledge. In this case in the microtext are verbalized sense chains: object – typical properties, being – typical properties. A subject implicates his typical ability that can be revealed in a typical situation; in this case the microtext usually contents verbs of actional and volitive semantics. The modal verbs “sapere” and the modal structure “essere capace di” as a nucleous of modal unit are often used in Conditional Mood (sarebbe stato capace) that can be combined with superlative (sarebbe capacissimo). As to prediction of typical combinability in the pre-nuclear zone, it depends on the character of logical connection that reveals diversity of realization of the modal meaning of intrinsic possibility. In the case of the logical connection between an object and a realization of its properties the modal unit “sapere” isn’t used being expressed by the modal structure “essere capace di” because the last one is more desemantized. The modal structure “essere capace di” can be substituted or altered with the modal structure “può +” combined with “provocare”, “dar luogo”. These components use to join to the modal structure “essere capace di” and a microtext contents sense chains: object – typical properties. In the case of the logical connection between a being and a realization of its properties modal structures “sapere” and “essere capace di” are combined with existential predicate “essere” and ajectives-classificators to denominate qualities of being. In the case of the logical connection between a subject and a realization of his abilities modal structures “sapere” and “essere capace di” are combined with verbs to denominate disposition of a subject (aiutare, secondare, rimediare). In the microtext are often used causal structures (per … sarei capace di; per … saprei) to verbalize sense unit “goal – means”. Finally, in the case of the logical connection between a subject with generalized status of a referent and his actions the modal structure is used in generalized form “si è capaci di” and combines with classificators “in tali situazioni”, “in tali casi” to verbalize a typical conduction.