bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Effects in Three-minute Oscillations of the Solar Chromosphere. II. Measurement of Nonlinearity Parameters at Different Atmospheric Levels
Authors: Chae Jongchul , Cho Kyuhyoun , Song Donguk , Litvinenko Yuri E.
Published: February 2018

Recent theoretical studies suggest that the nonlinearity of three-minute velocity oscillations at each atmospheric level can be quantified by the two independent parameters—the steepening parameter and the velocity amplitude parameter. For the first time, we measured these two parameters at different atmospheric levels by analyzing a set of spectral lines formed at different heights of sunspots ranging from the temperature minimum to the transition region. The spectral data were taken by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph of the Goode Solar Telescope, and by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. As a result, from the wavelet power spectra of the velocity oscillations at different heights, we clearly identified the growth of the second harmonic oscillations associated with the steepening of the velocity oscillation, indicating that higher-frequency oscillations of periods of 1.2 to 1.5 minutes originate from the nonlinearity of the three-minute oscillations in the upper chromosphere. We also found that the variation of the measured nonlinearity parameters is consistent with the theoretical expectation that the nonlinearity of the three-minute oscillations increases with height, and shock waves form in the upper chromosphere. There are, however, discrepancies as well between theory and observations, suggesting the need to improve both theory and the measurement technique.
Constraints on the Mass–Richness Relation from the Abundance and Weak Lensing of SDSS Clusters
Authors: Murata Ryoma , Nishimichi Takahiro , Takada Masahiro , Miyatake Hironao , Shirasaki Masato , More Surhud , Takahashi Ryuichi , Osato Ken
Published: February 2018

We constrain the scaling relation between optical richness (λ) and halo mass (M) for a sample of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) red-sequence Matched-filter Probabilistic Percolation (redMaPPer) galaxy clusters within the context of the Planck cosmological model. We use a forward modeling approach where we model the probability distribution of optical richness for a given mass,

. To model the abundance and the stacked lensing profiles, we use an emulator specifically built to interpolate the halo mass function and the stacked lensing profile for an arbitrary set of halo mass and redshift, which is calibrated based on a suite of high-resolution N-body simulations. We apply our method to 8312 SDSS redMaPPer clusters with 20 ≤ λ ≤ 100 and 0.10 ≤ z

λ
 ≤ 0.33 and show that the lognormal distribution model for

, with four free parameters, well reproduces the measured abundances and lensing profiles simultaneously. The constraints are characterized by the mean relation,

, with

and

(68% CL), where the pivot mass scale M
pivot = 3 × 1014
h
−1
M
⊙, and the scatter

with

and

. We find that a large scatter in halo masses is required at the lowest-richness bins (20 ≤ λ ≲ 30) in order to reproduce the measurements. Without such a large scatter, the model prediction for the lensing profiles tends to overestimate the measured amplitudes. This might imply a possible contamination of intrinsically low-richness clusters due to the projection effects. Such a low-mass halo contribution is significantly reduced when applying our method to the sample of 30 ≤ λ ≤ 100.
Interstellar Neutral Helium in the Heliosphere from IBEX Observations. V. Observations in IBEX-Lo ESA Steps 1, 2, and 3
Authors: Swaczyna Paweł , Bzowski Maciej , Kubiak Marzena A. , Sokół Justyna M. , Fuselier Stephen A. , Galli André , Heirtzler David , Kucharek Harald , McComas David J. , Möbius Eberhard , Schwadron Nathan A. , Wurz P.
Published: February 2018

Direct-sampling observations of interstellar neutral (ISN) He by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) provide valuable insight into the physical state of and processes operating in the interstellar medium ahead of the heliosphere. The ISN He atom signals are observed at the four lowest ESA steps of the IBEX-Lo sensor. The observed signal is a mixture of the primary and secondary components of ISN He and H. Previously, only data from one of the ESA steps have been used. Here, we extend the analysis to data collected in the three lowest ESA steps with the strongest ISN He signal, for the observation seasons 2009–2015. The instrument sensitivity is modeled as a linear function of the atom impact speed onto the sensor’s conversion surface separately for each ESA step of the instrument. We find that the sensitivity increases from lower to higher ESA steps, but within each of the ESA steps it is a decreasing function of the atom impact speed. This result may be influenced by the hydrogen contribution, which was not included in the adopted model, but seems to exist in the signal. We conclude that the currently accepted temperature of ISN He and velocity of the Sun through the interstellar medium do not need a revision, and we sketch a plan of further data analysis aiming at investigating ISN H and a better understanding of the population of ISN He originating in the outer heliosheath.
How to develop the full well-being profile among us employees? A person-centered approach
Authors: Biétry Franck , Creusier Jordane
Published: February 2018

L’objet de cette étude exploratoire est de tester les liens entre les pratiques de GRH de haute performance et la probabilité d’appartenir aux différents profils de bien-être au travail. Plus précisément, il s’agit d’identifier les pratiques de GRH associées au profil le moins corrélé à l’épuisement professionnel et à l’intention de quitter l’organisation. En nous appuyant sur la « treadmill theory » revisitée et le « capital psychologique », nous faisons l’hypothèse générale que les salariés ont de plus fortes chances d’appartenir au profil recherché quand des opportunités d’utiliser leurs compétences dans le contexte organisationnel leur sont offertes et lorsqu’ils y sont incités par des récompenses. Pour tester cette hypothèse, une analyse en profils latents et des régressions logistiques multinomiales ont été réalisées au sein d’un échantillon de 492 salariés nord-américains. Les résultats permettent de conserver cette hypothèse. Ils révèlent l’intérêt de l’approche centrée sur les personnes pour définir une stratégie managériale réaliste de développement pas à pas du profil de bien-être complet.
Gestion des Hommes en situation complexe : l’exemple de la capacité d’absorption des connaissances
Authors: Nekka Hadj , Aribi Amal
Published: February 2018

La relation entre la capacité d’absorption et les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines reste peu traitée dans la littérature. Nous avons apporté notre contribution en mobilisant une approche élargie de la GRH. Une telle approche aide à cerner les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines au niveau de chacune des étapes de la capacité d’absorption et à prendre en compte toutes les composantes du capital intellectuel. Ce cadre théorique a conduit à une formulation de neuf propositions de recherche que nous avons testées à partir d’une enquête dans trois entreprises françaises innovantes.
Una aproximación descriptiva a la desigualdad socio-territorial en ámbitos rurales del Noroeste Argentino en la primera década del siglo XXI
Authors: Krapovickas Julieta , Garay Ana
Published: February 2018

A partir de las últimas décadas del siglo XX, el sector rural del Noroeste Argentino fue escenario de profundas transformaciones territoriales y productivas ligadas a la expansión de actividades extractivas. Los efectos de estas actividades incluyen acaparamientos, privatización y concentración de tierras, generando un aumento de la desigualdad socio-territorial. El objetivo de este trabajo es, pues, analizar la desigualdad socio-territorial en las áreas rurales del Noroeste Argentino en la primera década del siglo XXI. Se analizaron fundamentalmente cuatro dimensiones: pobreza, educación, calidad del hábitat y estructura agraria. Para el análisis de las tres primeras dimensiones se utilizaron datos provenientes de los censos nacionales de población 2001 y 2010, y de la Dirección de Estadísticas e Información en Salud. Para el análisis de las transformaciones territoriales y productivas se utilizaron datos de los censos nacionales agropecuarios 1988, 2002 y 2008, y del sistema integrado de información agropecuaria. Los resultados nos permiten observar que, mientras las dimensiones educación y calidad del hábitat mejoraron durante la primera década del siglo XXI, aún persisten condiciones de alta pobreza y vulnerabilidad, en un contexto de una estructura agraria progresivamente desigual.
Bases conceptuales y metodológicas para el estudio de los espacios fluviales urbanos. Un estudio de caso en Andalucía
Authors: González Rojas David
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo poner de manifiesto la necesidad de trabajar en distintas escalas, espaciales y temporales, y el reconocimiento de las relaciones entre los ríos y el patrimonio a la hora del estudio de los espacios fluviales urbanos para poder entender su identidad y carácter.
Para ello se ha realizado un estudio de los espacios fluviales urbanos que incluye dos nuevos conceptos que hasta ahora no habían sido estudiados de forma conjunta: el análisis en distintas escalas y el estudio de los aspectos materiales e inmateriales. La mayoría de las actuaciones en cauces urbanos han generado transformaciones rápidas e intensas que provocan la pérdida de esta identidad. Los problemas, insuficiencias y oportunidades específicos son la clave para la definición de procedimientos metodológicos comunes que tengan en cuenta los componentes ambientales, culturales, patrimoniales y sociales.
Esta metodología permite el análisis multidisciplinar de los espacios fluviales urbanos, con el objetivo de analizar estos espacios como garantía de su conservación y puesta en valor dentro de su ámbito urbano.
Por último, cabe señalar que las múltiples funciones de los espacios fluviales hacen que profundizar en su conocimiento y en los procesos que han llevado a la pérdida de los mismos sea una necesidad a la hora de conservar y mejorar nuestros ríos. En atención al tratamiento histórico dado a la mayoría de espacios fluviales en Andalucía, es necesario plantearse una serie de cuestiones sobre las que avanzar en los siguientes años: ¿es posible recuperar los espacios fluviales eliminados? ¿funcionan realmente las medidas de conservación actualmente implementadas? etcétera. Éstas y otras preguntas engloban en su concepción y en sus posibles respuestas, una amplia variedad de discusiones relativas a los espacios fluviales y su conservación, así como hacia el modelo de crecimiento que se persigue, debiéndose recuperar y conservar los valores esenciales que los espacios fluviales andaluces han tenido históricamente en el paisaje, el patrimonio, las costumbres y formas de vida.
La influencia de los organismos multilaterales de desarrollo sobre las estrategias de desarrollo latinoamericanas
Authors: Perry Guillermo , García Eduardo
Published: February 2018

El presente capítulo analiza las relaciones cambiantes entre los organismos multilaterales de desarrollo (OMD) y América Latina desde 1980 hasta la fecha. En primer lugar, describe cómo este cambio ha dependido del acceso de los distintos países a los mercados internacionales de capital, al desarrollo de mercados a largo plazo para bonos públicos en moneda nacional y a la reducción significativa de la vulnerabilidad macrofinanciera en la región. Luego, examina la influencia de los desarrollos académicos y los gobiernos latinoamericanos en la evolución de los enfoques de los OMD sobre políticas macroecónomicas y de desarrollo. Finalmente, el capítulo muestra cómo la mayoría de los gobiernos de la región, tanto de izquierda como de centro-derecha, han convergido cada vez más con las recomendaciones de los OMD sobre políticas macrofinancieras, mientras que, históricamente, muchos actores de ambos extremos del espectro político aplicaron medidas, tanto macro como micro,que diferían de los puntos de vista de los OMD.
Traité franco-britannique de Sandhurst : tout changer pour ne rien changer
Authors: Guérin Antoine
Published: February 2018

Le traité de Sandhurst s’ajoute à la longue liste des traités, protocoles et arrangements conclus entre le Royaume-Uni et la France depuis 1986. Au nombre de dix-neuf, tous poursuivent un but principal : restreindre, si ce n’est empêcher, l’accès des exilés au territoire britannique. Toujours plus rigoureux et coercitifs, indistinctement de l’étiquette politique du gouvernement qui les signe, ces textes aux contours légaux relativement flous sont à l’origine d’un régime juridique ad hoc qui concurrence voire neutralise les législations nationales, européennes et internationales en matière de droit des migrations et de droits de l’homme. Ce faisant, le traité valide et sacralise tous les codes et les fondements établis quinze ans plus tôt par le traité du Touquet. Nonobstant, il apporte un éclairage non négligeable, bien que très équivoque, quant à l’évolution de la coopération franco-britannique ainsi qu’aux relations entre le Royaume-Uni et l’Union européenne à la suite du Brexit.
Phenomenological Investigations on Diffusion Kinetics in Multicomponent Metallic Melts
Authors: Chen Wei Min , Yang Xiong , Zhang Li Jun
Published: February 2018

Multicomponent diffusion in metallic melts is a very important phenomenon during the solidification/casting process of the metallic alloys. However, there exist extremely limited reports on the diffusivity information in multicomponent metallic liquids. In this chapter, a universal and effective phenomenological approach to predict the composition– and temperature–dependent diffusivities in liquid multicomponent systems is systematically proposed. The presently proposed phenomenological method is then adopted to construct the diffusivity/mobility databases of liquid solders, cemented carbides, Co–Cr–Fe–Mn–Ni high entropy alloys and Al–Ce–Ni alloys. Then, the accurate diffusivity/mobility data are further utilized to perform the simulations of the dissolutions of the substrate into the solders, the gradient layer formation of the cemented carbides, the diffusion behavior of liquid Co–Cr–Fe–Mn–Ni high entropy alloys and the rapid solidification of Al–Ce–Ni system. The simulated results indicate that the presently proposed phenomenological method is applicable to investigate the diffusion kinetics in multicomponent metallic melts.
Hexavalents in spermatocytes of Robertsonian heterozygotes between Mus m. domesticus 2n=26 from the Vulcano and Lipari Islands (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy)
Authors: Berríos Soledad , Fernández-Donoso Raúl , Page Jesús , Ayarza Eliana , Capanna Ernesto , Solano Emanuela , Castiglia Riccardo
Published: February 2018

The size and shape of the chromosomes, as well as the chromosomal domains that compose them, are determinants in the distribution and interaction between the bivalents within the nucleus of spermatocytes in prophase I of meiosis. Thus the nuclear architecture characteristic of the karyotype of a species can be modified by chromosomal changes such as Rb chromosomes. In this study we analysed the meiotic prophase nuclear organization of the heterozygous spermatocytes from Mus musculus domesticus 2n=26, and the synaptic configuration of the hexavalent formed by the dependent Rb chromosomes Rbs 6.16, 16.10, 10.15, 15.17 and the telocentric chromosomes 6 and 17. Spreads of 88 pachytene spermatocytes from two males were studied and in all of them five metacentric bivalents, four telocentric bivalents, one hexavalent and the XY bivalent were observed. About 48% of the hexavalents formed a chain or a ring of synapsed chromosomes, the latter closed by synapsis between the short arms of telocentric chromosomes 6 and 17.  About 52% of hexavalents formed an open chain of 10 synapsed chromosomal arms belonging to 6 chromosomes.  In about half of the unsynapsed hexavalents one of the telocentric chromosome short arms appears associated with the X chromosome single axis, which was otherwise normally paired with the Y chromosome.  The cluster of pericentromeric heterochromatin mostly determines the hexavalent’s nuclear configuration, dragging the centromeric regions and all the chromosomes towards the nuclear envelope similar to an association of five telocentric bivalents. These reiterated encounters between these chromosomes restrict the interactions with other chromosomal domains and might favour eventual rearrangements within the metacentric, telocentric or hexavalent chromosome subsets. The unsynapsed short arms of telocentric chromosomes frequently bound to the single axis of the X chromosome could further complicate the already complex segregation of hexavalent chromosomes.
Le diagnostic allergique de la brucellose
Authors: Fenster-Bank R.
Published: February 2018

Un nouvel allergène, la brucelline I.N.R.A., est proposé pour le dépistage de la brucellose par l'épreuve d’hypersensibilité cutanée de type retardé. L’injection de cet allergène, facile et sans danger pour l'animal, ne provoque pas la formation d'anticorps détectables par les épreuves habituelles de dépistage sérologique, ni la sensibilisation de l'organisme. Le dépistage ultérieur, par épreuves allergiques ou sérologiques, n’est donc pas perturbé par une première épreuve.

Le test allergique est proposé pour améliorer le diagnostic de la brucellose chez les bovins et les petits ruminants, et pour éviter des prises de sang fastidieuses, en particulier dans les troupeaux de petits ruminants situés dans des zones réputées indemnes.
Effets de l'adjonction d'huile de maïs à un régime alimentaire pour veaux de boucherie : II. Métabolisme des acides gras polyinsaturés
Authors: Aurousseau Bernard , Bauchart Dominique , Joussellin Wilfrid , Poissonnet P. , Duboisset F. , Legay C.
Published: February 2018

Lipid metabolism of preruminant calves as affected by 4 levels of linoleic acid intake was studied. Group 1 of calves received a milk diet devoid of emulsifier) which linoleic acid content amounted to 1.22 % gross energy of the milk. Groups 2, 3 and 4 of calves received a milk diet (with soja lecithin as emulsifier) which linoleic acid content amounted to 1,65 % gross energy of the milk ; rations were supplemented daily with 5 ml com oil from the 63th day of trial in the case of the 3rd group of calves or from the 6th day of trial in the case of the 4th group of calves

Plasma, liver, rectus abdominis muscle or perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue lipids were analyzed on 6 calves from each group. Linoleic acid proportions increased along with level of intake in most of tissue lipids, except for plasma cholesterol esters or adipose tissue phospholipids at the end of the trial (same proportions in the case of groups 1 and 4).

According to the appearance of C20 : 3 (n-9) in perirenal adipose tissues or muscles phospholipids after 112 days of trial, linoleic acid requirements were not met with any of the regimens after the calves reached 100 kg body weight, but as no (C20 : 3 (n-9) appeared in plasma lipids or subcutaneous adipose tissue of the calves from groups 2 and 3, linoleic acid content of the 2 corresponding regimens were nearer to the requirements than in the case of the others.
Diagnostic de gestation chez la chatte par échographie
Authors: Mailhac Jean-Marie
Published: February 2018

Le diagnostic de gestation par les moyens habituels : palpation abdominale, radiographie, est tardif chez la chatte. Cette espèce a été choisie afin d’établir un diagnostic échographique d'absence ou de présence de gestation.

La détection des ampoules fœtales par échographie est certaine à partir de la fin de la 3’ semaine de gestation. Les examens ont été répétés à la 4*. à la 5* et à la 6* semaine. Les chattes examinées ont fait l’objet d’une ovario-hystérectomie et les images échographiques ont pu être comparées à la pièce opératoire.
Transfert d’embryons chez les bovins : possibilités présentes et futures
Authors: Jondet Raymond , Rabadeux Y. , Le Guilloux Y. , Vincent F.
Published: February 2018

Bovine embryo transfer : present and future possibilities.

Cervical collections and transfers of bovine embryos have been carried out since 1978 at U.R.C.E.O. (Brittany). During the year 1981, 919 embryos were collected from 163 out of 231 donor cows treated with PMSG and Pg F2 α (an average of 5.63 embryos per cow ; 3.38 being suitable for transfer). When the required conditions were respected (receptor cows in optimal condition, embryos carefully selected, adequate transfer equipment), the 60-90 day pregnancy rate was about 60 %. With frozen embryos, the pregnancy rate was usually lower. Subsequent fertilization of donor cows was not altered : 53.40 % non return rate after insemination at first œstrus following embryo collection. Future possibilities are evoked (better control of ovarian stimulation, new methods of embryo evaluation, in-vitro maturation of ovocytes, microsurgery on embryos).
Épidémiologie d'un foyer de brucellose sauvage
Authors: Fiocre B.
Published: February 2018

L'auteur rapporte une flambée de brucellose abortive dans 4 exploitations ayant pour origine un achat de génisses, malgré une stricte observation des dispositions légales. Cette flambée a permis de faire le point sur la valeur des vaccinations (45/20 -B19) et de la chimio prévention des avortements par le (4,4'DD).
Maladie de la hyène chez les bovins : une hypophysite d’origine autoimmune ? Résultats préliminaires d’une étude histologique et immunocytochimique
Authors: Pouplard A. , Constantin André , Espinasse Jacques , Dubois Maurice P.
Published: February 2018

Histological examinations on the hypophysis of animals suffering from Hyena's disease revealed the existence of a lymphocytic hypophysitis.

This fact, together with the presence of antibodies directed against the cells of the anterior hypophysis in the serum of the same animals, indicates that the disease may be of auto-immune origin.

However, the necessity remains to perform additional epidemiological endocrinological, immunological and immunogenetic studies in order to reveal the cause of Hyena's disease.
Éjaculation chez un bélier après amputation du gland
Authors: Mies-Filho A. , Nonato Girao R. , Moreira de Souza I.
Published: February 2018

Un bélier adulte de race Corriedale habitué à donner du sperme au vagin artificiel, s'est trouvé soudain accidentellement amputé du gland. Après cicatrisation de la lésion, l'animal a pu, de nouveau, éjaculer sans utilisation du vagin artificiel : le réflexe éjaculatoire était déclenché par la simple pression de la main au niveau du prépuce (et donc sur la base du pénis) pour dévier la verge vers le vagin artificiel devenu mutile. Les caractéristiques du sperme recueilli directement dans le tube collecteur en verre se sont révélées sensiblement identiques à celles du sperme récolté avant l'accident. L'absence du gland n'a donc pas entraîné la suppression du réflexe éjaculatoire.
Technique de coelioscopie abdominale chez le chien
Authors: Bornet Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2018

After a short introduction, the author gives a brief indication and contre-indication and describes the material which is used for cœlioscopy and cœliophotography. The description of the technic drives to the taking of improvable documents and so gives more accurate diagnostics and the possibility to execute some surgical practices or biopsies.
Histo-pathologie de l'atteinte cutanéo muqueuse et pulmonaire de la myxomatose
Authors: Duclos Philippe , Tuaillon P. , Joubert L.
Published: February 2018

Les lésions cellulaires et tissulaires, à la fois pulmonaires et cutanéomuqueuses, provoquées par la myxomatose, sont comparées, sur la base d'une étude expérimentale, en fonction de la voie d'inoculation et de la souche virale.

Les. lésions sont discutées en fonction de la clinique et d’une étude bactériologique associée de l'arbre respiratoire.

L’opposition est relevée entre certaines souches virales récentes et les souches classiques, par l’indigence pour les premières des lésions angioneurotiques du derme profond et la discrétion de l’œdème consécutif du derme en dépit de la conservation intégrale de la virulence et des manifestations pulmonaires.

Un schéma pathogénique est proposé et l’intérêt diagnostique de l’histopathologie est souligné.
Sur quelques troubles et lésions aiguës et subaiguës produits par l’aflatoxine B1 sur le rat Wistar
Authors: Jacquet Jean , Lemarinier Sylvie
Published: February 2018

Once more, the aflatoxin B1 comes out as a very powerful carcinogen in the white rat. The buccal duct, the subcutaneous injection, as Dickens and Jones have laid it down, testicular and intramuscular ways, as we have just shown it, lead to tumours inducing death.

We also accentuate the importance of precocious diseases : a slowing growth of young, a decreasing serum protein fractions, with an altering proteinogram and constant hepatic lesions, independantly of the way of difuranocoumarin injection. These lesions will be maintaining or growing worse according to the injected flavacoumarin doses and the effect periods. If we add the subacute effects of pulmonary infections, complications and haemorrhages, the presence of aflatoxin B1 must be considered as eminently suspect in animal feeding, on account of doses and the different species sensitiveness.
Transplantation embryonnaire et transmission de l’agent de la leucose bovine enzootique
Authors: Parodi André-Laurent , Manet G. , Vuillaume Aimé , Crespeau François , Toma Bernard , Lévy D.
Published: February 2018

The presence of BLF specific antibodies and the BLV-p24 in the blood of 25 calves obtained by transfer of embryos from infected dams to non-infected recipients, were negative at the time of the birth. Eight calves bom from the donor cows, after a normal pregnancy, were also negative.

A recipient cow, to which an embryo from an infected donor was transfered, remained negative.

The transfer of embryos from high pedigree BLV-infected cows, to unifected recipients, seems to provide a good way to preserve valuable blood lines in an infected herd, during eradication of the BLV infection.
Considérations sur l'étiologie du «mal de mai» des abeilles
Authors: Guilhon Jean , Perreau Pierre
Published: February 2018

L'existence d'une spiroplasmose des abeilles est confirmée au moins dans le Sud-Ouest de la France ; l'étiologie du «mal de mai» est vraisemblablement élucidée.
Étude bromatologique de la viande de tortue marine d’élevage (tortue verte : Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Challiol Jean-Jacques , Bourrinet P. , Hamon M. , Bonnet Bernard
Published: February 2018

After a short presentation of the marine turtle, Chelonia mydas, and a low rate of lipids. The liver (or «fat liver») is rich in lipids, amino-nutritionnal qualities of the meat, liver and kidney, after 3 years of breeding.

Turtle meat shows a high value in amino-acids, vitamins and minerals, and a low rate of lipids. The liver (or «fat liver») is rich in lipids, amino-acids, iron and vitamins. The kidneys, not commercialized, have no particular nutritionnal characteristic.
Identification en France de la parakératose héréditaire bovine
Authors: Savey Marc , Rainaut J. , Espinasse Jacques , Chermette René
Published: February 2018

The existence of Bovine Heriditary Parakeratosis which has been suspected since 1972 in France, is now formally confirmed. It has been identified in a dairy herd of 80 naturally bred French Fresian Black Pied Cattle. In 2 years, 4 cases of B.H. PK were discovered. The 4 cows were the issue of the F.F.B.P. bull and have Adema 21 in their ancestry stock. In addition, one of the cows is a descendent of Paula 5. Three of the eight grandfathers of the parent bull of the four calves are descended from the N.R.S. Herd Book, and none of these 3 breeds are known carriers of the congenital defect. The other 5 grandparents are descended from
Au sujet de l'assainissement des laits dits de retour de laiterie destinés à l'alimentation des animaux
Authors: Fleckinger Robert
Published: February 2018

Motivée par le souci de mener à bien l'éradication de la tuberculose des bovidés dans un grand département d'industrie laitière, l'obligation fut faite aux laiteries d’assainir, par un procédé thermique agréé, les laits dits de retour (laits maigres, babeurres, lactosérums) rétrocédés aux propriétaires pour l'alimentation de leurs animaux. Cette initiative départementale, prise le 13 décembre 1955, après Jurisprudence établie (Conseil d'Etat 13 décembre 1957), fut recommandée aux Préfets (Directions des Services Vétérinaires), pour étude, en vue d’application, par circulaire du Ministre de l'Agriculture du 14 mars 1961.

Avec un recul de 25 années, l'auteur examine les incidences sanitaires et connexes de la mesure, l'efficacité des procédés technologiques mis en œuvre, ainsi que la situation actuelle au regard de l'application.

Il est amené à constater que l'industrie laitière, du moins dans les grandes régions productrices, sous la double contrainte sanitaire et de pénalisation des rejets, a choisi la voie de l'utilisation des sous-produits de laiterie, en particulier, du lactosérum qui est devenu un sous-produit à part entière, dont la valorisation, en toute inocuité sanitaire, est, ou peut être, aujourd’hui, assurée par des procédés technologiques diversifiés qui font honneur à la Recherche et à l’Industrie Laitière.

La mise en place du progrès technologique, selon des procédés pouvant convenir aux régions de montagne, devrait mettre un terme aux rejets ou aux utilisations directes de mélanges sans garantie sanitaire, lorsqu’ils sont encore pratiqués dans ces régions.
A chemical transport model study of plume rise and particle size
distribution for the
Athabasca oil sands
Authors: Akingunola Ayodeji , Makar Paul A. , Zhang Junhua , Darlington Andrea , Li Shao-Meng , Gordon Mark , Moran Michael D. , Zheng Qiong
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We evaluate four high-resolution model simulations of pollutant emissions, chemical transformation and downwind transport for the Athabasca oil sands using the Global Environmental Multiscale – Modelling Air-quality and Chemistry (GEM-MACH) model using surface monitoring network and aircraft observations of multiple pollutants, for simulations spanning a time period corresponding to an aircraft measurement campaign in the region in summer 2013. We have focussed here on the impact of different representations of the model's aerosol size distribution and plume-rise parameterization on model results. The use of a more finely resolved representation of the aerosol size distribution was found to have a significant impact on model performance, reducing the magnitude of the original surface PM2.5 negative biases by 32 %. We compared model predictions of SO2, NO2, and speciated particulate matter concentrations from simulations employing the commonly-used Briggs (1984) plume-rise algorithms to redistribute emissions from large stacks with stack plume observations. As in our companion paper (Gordon et al., 2018), we found these algorithms resulted in under-predictions of plume rise, with 39 to 60 % of predicted plume heights falling below half of the observed plume heights. However, we found here that a layered buoyancy approach for stable to neutral atmospheres, coupled with the assumption of free rise in convectively unstable atmospheres, resulted in much better model performance, both for atmospheric constituent concentrations and the predicted height of the plumes. Persistent issues with over-fumigation of plumes in the model were linked to positive biases in the predicted temperatures between the surface and 1km elevation. These in turn may lead to overestimates of near-surface diffusivity, resulting in excessive fumigation.
Simulated and observed horizontal inhomogeneities of optical
thickness of Arctic stratus
Authors: Schäfer Michael , Loewe Katharina , Ehrlich André , Hoose Corinna , Wendisch Manfred
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Two-dimensional (2D) horizontal fields of cloud optical thickness derived from airborne measurements of solar spectral radiance during the Vertical Distribution of Ice in Arctic Clouds (VERDI) campaign (carried out in Inuvik, Canada in April/May 2012) are compared with semi–idealized Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of Arctic stratus performed with the COnsortium for Small-Scale MOdeling (COSMO) atmospheric model. The input for the LES is obtained from collocated airborne dropsonde observations. Four consecutive days of a persistent Arctic stratus observed above the sea–ice free Beaufort Sea are selected for the comparison. Macrophysical cloud properties such as cloud top altitude and vertical extent are well captured by COSMO. Cloud horizontal inhomogeneity quantified by the standard deviation and one-dimensional (1D) inhomogeneity parameters show that COSMO produces only half of the measured horizontal cloud inhomogeneities, while the directional structure of the cloud inhomogeneity is well represented by the model. Differences between the individual cases are mainly associated with the wind shear near cloud top and the vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer. A sensitivity study changing the wind velocity in COSMO by a vertically constant scaling factor shows that the directional cloud inhomogeneity structures strongly depend on the mean wind speed. A threshold wind velocity is identified, which determines when the cloud inhomogeneity stops increasing with increasing wind velocity.
Inorganic carbon fluxes on the Mackenzie Shelf of the Beaufort Sea
Authors: Mol Jacoba , Thomas Helmuth , Myers Paul G. , Hu Xianmin , Mucci Alfonso
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The Mackenzie Shelf in the southeastern Beaufort Sea is a
region that has experienced large changes in the past several decades as
warming, sea-ice loss, and increased river discharge have altered carbon
cycling. Upwelling and downwelling events are common on the shelf, caused by
strong, fluctuating along-shore winds, resulting in cross-shelf Ekman
transport, and an alternating estuarine and anti-estuarine circulation.
Downwelling carries dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and other
remineralization products off the shelf and into the deep basin for possible
long-term storage in the world's oceans. Upwelling carries DIC and
nutrient-rich waters from the Pacific-origin upper halocline layer (UHL)
onto the shelf. Profiles of DIC and total alkalinity (TA) taken in August
and September of 2014 are used to investigate the cycling of carbon on the
Mackenzie Shelf. The along-shore transport of water and the cross-shelf
transport of DIC are quantified using velocity field output from a
simulation of the Arctic and Northern Hemisphere Atlantic (ANHA4)
configuration of the Nucleus of European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO)
framework. A strong upwelling event prior to sampling on the Mackenzie Shelf
took place, bringing CO2-rich (elevated pCO2) water from the UHL
onto the shelf bottom. The maximum on-shelf DIC flux was estimated at 16.9×103 mol C d−1 m−2 during the event. The maximum on-shelf
transport of DIC through the upwelling event was found to be 65±15×10-3 Tg C d−1. TA and the oxygen isotope ratio of water (δ18O-H2O) are used to examine water-mass distributions in the
study area and to investigate the influence of Pacific Water, Mackenzie
River freshwater, and sea-ice melt on carbon dynamics and air–sea fluxes of
carbon dioxide (CO2) in the surface mixed layer. Understanding
carbon transfer in this seasonally dynamic environment is key to quantify
the importance of Arctic shelf regions to the global carbon cycle and
provide a basis for understanding how it will respond to the aforementioned
climate-induced changes.
Simultaneous shifts in elemental stoichiometry and fatty acids of Emiliania huxleyi in response to environmental changes
Authors: Bi Rong , Ismar Stefanie M. H. , Sommer Ulrich , Zhao Meixun
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Climate-driven changes in environmental conditions have
significant and complex effects on marine ecosystems. Variability in
phytoplankton elements and biochemicals can be important for global ocean
biogeochemistry and ecological functions, while there is currently limited
understanding on how elements and biochemicals respond to the changing
environments in key coccolithophore species such as Emiliania huxleyi. We investigated responses of elemental stoichiometry and fatty
acids (FAs) in a strain of E. huxleyi under three temperatures (12,
18 and 24 ∘C), three N : P supply ratios (molar ratios 10:1,
24:1 and 63:1) and two pCO2 levels (560 and 2400 µatm).
Overall, C : N : P stoichiometry showed the most pronounced response to
N : P supply ratios, with high ratios of particulate organic carbon vs.
particulate organic nitrogen (POC : PON) and low ratios of PON vs.
particulate organic phosphorus (PON : POP) in low-N media, and high
POC : POP and PON : POP in low-P media. The ratio of particulate
inorganic carbon vs. POC (PIC : POC) and polyunsaturated fatty acid
proportions strongly responded to temperature and pCO2, both being
lower under high pCO2 and higher with warming. We observed synergistic
interactions between warming and nutrient deficiency (and high pCO2)
on elemental cellular contents and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) proportion in
most cases, indicating the enhanced effect of warming under nutrient
deficiency (and high pCO2). Our results suggest differential
sensitivity of elements and FAs to the changes in temperature, nutrient
availability and pCO2 in E. huxleyi, which is to some extent
unique compared to non-calcifying algal classes. Thus, simultaneous changes
of elements and FAs should be considered when predicting future roles of
E. huxleyi in the biotic-mediated connection between biogeochemical
cycles, ecological functions and climate change.
Tidal variability of nutrients in a coastal coral reef system influenced by groundwater
Authors: Wang Guizhi , Wang Shuling , Wang Zhangyong , Jing Wenping , Xu Yi , Zhang Zhouling , Tan Ehui , Dai Minhan
Published: February 2018

Abstract. To investigate variation in nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate in a spring–neap tide in a coral reef system influenced by groundwater discharge, we carried out a time-series observation of these nutrients and 228Ra, a tracer of groundwater discharge, in the Luhuitou fringing reef at Sanya Bay in the South China Sea. The maximum 228Ra, 45.3 dpm 100 L−1, appeared at low tide and the minimum, 14.0 dpm 100 L−1, appeared during a flood tide in the spring tide. The activity of 228Ra was significantly correlated with water depth and salinity in the spring–neap tide, reflecting the tidal-pumping feature of groundwater discharge. Concentrations of all nutrients exhibited strong diurnal variation, with a maximum in the amplitude of the diel change for nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate in the spring tide of 0.46, 1.54, 0.12, and 2.68 µM, respectively. Nitrate and phosphate were negatively correlated with water depth during the spring tide but showed no correlation during the neap tide. Nitrite was positively correlated with water depth in the spring and neap tide due to mixing of nitrite-depleted groundwater and nitrite-rich offshore seawater. They were also significantly correlated with salinity (R2  ≥  0.9 and P < 0.05) at the ebb flow of the spring tide, negative for nitrate and phosphate and positive for nitrite, indicating the mixing of nitrite-depleted, nitrate- and phosphate-rich less saline groundwater and nitrite-rich, nitrate- and phosphate-depleted saline offshore seawater. We quantified variation in oxidized nitrogen (NOx) and phosphate contributed by biological processes based on deviations from mixing lines of these nutrients. During both the spring and neap tide biologically contributed NOx and phosphate were significantly correlated with regression slopes of 4.60 (R2  =  0.16) in the spring tide and 13.4 (R2  =  0.75) in the neap tide, similar to the composition of these nutrients in the water column, 5.43 (R2  =  0.27) and 14.2 (R2  =  0.76), respectively. This similarity indicates that the composition of nutrients in the water column of the reef system was closely related with biological processes during both tidal periods, but the biological influence appeared to be less dominant, as inferred from the less significant correlations (R2  =  0.16) during the spring tide when groundwater discharge was more prominent. Thus, the variability of nutrients in the coral reef system was regulated mainly by biological uptake and release in a spring–neap tide and impacted by mixing of tidally driven groundwater and offshore seawater during spring tide.
Coupling the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM v. 2.0) to Environment and Climate Change Canada's greenhouse gas forecast model (v.107-glb)
Authors: Badawy Bakr , Polavarapu Saroja , Jones Dylan B. A. , Deng Feng , Neish Michael , Melton Joe R. , Nassar Ray , Arora Vivek K.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The Canadian Land Surface Scheme and the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model
(CLASS-CTEM) together form the land surface component in the family of
Canadian Earth system models (CanESMs). Here, CLASS-CTEM is coupled to
Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)'s weather and greenhouse gas
forecast model (GEM-MACH-GHG) to consistently model atmosphere–land exchange
of CO2. The coupling between the land and the atmospheric transport
model ensures consistency between meteorological forcing of CO2
fluxes and CO2 transport. The procedure used to spin up carbon
pools for CLASS-CTEM for multi-decadal simulations needed to be significantly
altered to deal with the limited availability of consistent meteorological
information from a constantly changing operational environment in the
GEM-MACH-GHG model. Despite the limitations in the spin-up procedure, the
simulated fluxes obtained by driving the CLASS-CTEM model with meteorological
forcing from GEM-MACH-GHG were comparable to those obtained from CLASS-CTEM
when it is driven with standard meteorological forcing from the Climate
Research Unit (CRU) combined with reanalysis fields from the National Centers
for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) to form CRU-NCEP dataset. This is due to
the similarity of the two meteorological datasets in terms of temperature and
radiation. However, notable discrepancies in the seasonal variation and
spatial patterns of precipitation estimates, especially in the tropics, were
reflected in the estimated carbon fluxes, as they significantly affected the
magnitude of the vegetation productivity and, to a lesser extent, the
seasonal variations in carbon fluxes. Nevertheless, the simulated fluxes
based on the meteorological forcing from the GEM-MACH-GHG model are
consistent to some extent with other estimates from bottom-up or top-down
approaches. Indeed, when simulated fluxes obtained by driving the CLASS-CTEM
model with meteorological data from the GEM-MACH-GHG model are used as prior
estimates for an atmospheric CO2 inversion analysis using the
adjoint of the GEOS-Chem model, the retrieved CO2 flux estimates
are comparable to those obtained from other systems in terms of the global
budget and the total flux estimates for the northern extratropical regions,
which have good observational coverage. In data-poor regions, as expected,
differences in the retrieved fluxes due to the prior fluxes become apparent.
Coupling CLASS-CTEM into the Environment Canada Carbon Assimilation System
(EC-CAS) is considered an important step toward understanding how
meteorological uncertainties affect both CO2 flux estimates and
modeled atmospheric transport. Ultimately, such an approach will provide more
direct feedback to the CLASS-CTEM developers and thus help to improve the
performance of CLASS-CTEM by identifying the model limitations based on
atmospheric constraints.
Rain concentration and sheltering effect of solar panels on cultivated plots
Authors: Elamri Yassin , Cheviron Bruno , Mange Annabelle , Dejean Cyril , Liron François , Belaud Gilles
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Agrivoltaism
is the association of agricultural and photovoltaic
energy production on the same land area, coping with the increasing
pressure on land use and water resources while delivering clean
and renewable energy. However, the solar panels located above the
cultivated plots also have a seemingly yes unexplored effect on rain
redistribution, sheltering large parts of the plot but redirecting
concentrated fluxes on a few locations. The spatial heterogeneity
in water amounts observed on the ground is high in the general case;
its dynamical patterns are directly attributable to the mobile
panels through their geometrical characteristics (dimensions,
height, coverage percentage) and the strategies selected to rotate
them around their support tube. A coefficient of variation is used
to measure this spatial heterogeneity and to compare it with the
coefficient of uniformity that classically describes the efficiency
of irrigation systems. A rain redistribution model (AVrain) was
derived from literature elements and theoretical grounds and then
validated from experiments in both field and controlled
conditions. AVrain simulates the effective rain amounts on the plot
from a few forcing data (rainfall, wind velocity and direction) and thus
allows real-time strategies that consist in operating the panels so
as to limit the rain interception mainly responsible for the spatial
heterogeneities. Such avoidance strategies resulted in a sharp
decrease in the coefficient of variation, e.g. 0.22 vs. 2.13 for
panels held flat during one of the monitored rain events, which is
a fairly good uniformity score for irrigation specialists. Finally,
the water amounts predicted by AVrain were used as inputs to
Hydrus-2D for a brief exploratory study on the impact of the
presence of solar panels on rain redistribution at shallow depths
within soils: similar, more diffuse patterns were simulated and
were coherent with field measurements.
Language as a Facilitator of Cultural Connection
Authors: Gonzalez Miigis B. , Aronson Benjamin D. , Kellar Sidnee , Walls Melissa L. , Greenfield Brenna L.
Published: February 2018

Understanding culture as a means of preventing or treating health concerns is growing in popularity among social behavioral health scientists. Language is one component of culture and therefore may be a means to improve health among Indigenous populations. This study explores language as a unique aspect of culture through its relationship to other demographic and cultural variables. Participants (n = 218) were adults who self-identified as American Indian, had a type 2 diabetes diagnosis, and were drawn from two Ojibwe communities using health clinic records. We used chi-squared tests to compare language proficiency by demographic groups and ANOVA tests to examine relationships between language and culture. A higher proportion of those living on reservation lands could use the Ojibwe language, and fluent speakers were most notably sixty-five years of age and older. Regarding culture, those with greater participation and value belief in cultural activities reported greater language proficiency.
Addressing Double Layers of Discrimination as Barriers to Health Care: Indigenous Peoples with Disabilities
Authors: Rivas Velarde Minerva Concepcion
Published: February 2018

Multiple or aggravated forms of discrimination have not been properly dealt with in health systems. This article reports on the findings of three case studies conducted in Australia, Mexico, and New Zealand that look at the experiences of Indigenous persons with disabilities accessing health care. The findings show that health systems in these three countries have not sufficiently addressed barriers to health care arising from aggravated forms of discrimination, such as the intersection between disability and indigeneity. Findings reveal also how both interpersonal and systematic discrimination emerged from protocols and procedures that often had no discriminatory intent but had a disproportionately negative impact on populations such as Indigenous persons with disabilities. The article also offers recommendations on how to improve awareness and cultural competency to tackle discriminatory practices in order to improve health access and effective adherence of Indigenous peoples in health care settings.