bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A facile synthesis of a novel 4-hydroxyl-3-azo coumarin based colorimetric probes for detecting Hg2+ and a fluorescence turn-off response of 3CBD to Fe3+ in aqueous environment
Authors: Hamukoshi Simeon , Mama Neliswa , Schoeman Stiaan , Uahengo Veikko
Published: October 2023

Two azo dyes, (E)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yldiazenyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (3CBD) and (E)-4-hydroxy-3-(quinolin-2-yldiazenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (3CQD), were designed and synthesized using facile methods.
Semiquantitative and visual detection of ferric ions in real samples using a fluorescent paper-based analytical device constructed with green emitting carbon dots
Authors: He Mengyuan , Xiao Yu , Wei Yuanhang , Zheng Bo
Published: October 2023

A simple and portable paper-based analytical device based on green emitting carbon dots was developed for visual and semiquantitative detection of ferric ion in real water samples.
High-efficiency all-fluorescent white organic light-emitting diode based on TADF material as a sensitizer
Authors: Hua Jie , Zhan Zhuolin , Cheng Zeyuan , Cao Wanshan , Chai Yuan , Wang Xufeng , Wei Chunyu , Dong He , Wang Jin
Published: October 2023

High efficiency all-fluorescent WOLED with a maximum EQE of 11.05% and power efficiency (PE) of 20.83 lm W−1 corresponding to the CIE coordinates of (0.45, 0.46) was demonstrated by incorporating the TADF material DMAC-TRZ as both the sensitizer and emitter.
Current trends in luminescence-based assessment of apoptosis
Authors: Moldovan Cristian , Onaciu Anca , Toma Valentin , Munteanu Raluca A. , Gulei Diana , Moldovan Alin I. , Stiufiuc Gabriela F. , Feder Richard I. , Cenariu Diana , Iuga Cristina A. , Stiufiuc Rares I.
Published: October 2023

Accurately identifying apoptosis is crucial and luminescence-based detection methods are rapidly advancing. These insights are essential for in vivo analyses, allowing researchers to assess compounds' efficacy and safety within a living organism.
Internucleotidic bond formation using H-phosphonamidate derivatives and acidic activators
Authors: Tsurusaki Taiki , Sato Kazuki , Wada Takeshi
Published: October 2023

We developed a new method for internucleotidic bond formation using nucleoside 3′-H-phosphonamidate monomers and acidic activators.
Albumin protein encapsulation into a ZIF-8 framework with Co-LDH-based hierarchical architectures for robust catalytic reduction
Authors: Chafiq Maryam , Chaouiki Abdelkarim , Suhartono Tri , Ko Young Gun
Published: October 2023

As a paradigm shift in the field of catalysis, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have recently gained significant attention as promising materials given their outstanding catalytic performance and stability in hydrogenation reactions.
Quad-metallic MOF-derived carbon-armored pseudo-high entropy alloys as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for alkaline water electrolysis at high current densities
Authors: Senthil Raja Duraisamy , Ting Yu-Chieh , Lin Ting-Yu , Cheng Chih-Chieh , Chen Po-Wei , Yen Fan-Yu , Lu Shih-Yuan
Published: October 2023

A quad-metallic pseudo-HEA catalyst, FeCoNiMo@C, was developed for water electrolysis, exhibiting outstanding bifunctional catalytic efficiency and stability, 500 mA cm−2@1.725 V and a 3.4% decay after a 50 h operation at 500 mA cm−2.
MoP4/Ni3S2/MoO3 heterogeneous structure nanorod arrays for efficient solar-enhanced overall water splitting
Authors: Cheng Yikun , Fu Pengjie , Yang Xiaodong , Zhang Yangrui , Jin Shan , Liu Huan , Shen Yunfei , Guo Xuhong , Chen Long
Published: October 2023

NiMo-PS@NF is synthesized using the strategy of simultaneous phosphatization/sulfidation strategy. It exhibits significant electrocatalytic activity for the OWS under solar assistance. Notably, it exhibits an STH of 19.42% in OWS.
Atomically dispersed platinum electrocatalysts supported on gadolinia-doped ceria nanoparticles for practical high-temperature solid oxide cells
Authors: Min Jihong , Seo Haewon , Shin Jisu , Park Mi Young , Park Sun-Young , Choi Haneul , Park Soohyung , Yang Sungeun , Chang Hye Jung , Hong Jongsup , Yoon Kyung Joong
Published: October 2023

Atomically dispersed Pt catalysts supported on ceria nanoparticles are synthesized in situ and improve the performance and stability of high-temperature solid oxide cells for electricity and hydrogen production.
Enhancing hydrogen generation through urea electro-oxidation on a bimetallic and dual-anionic NiFeSP/NF nanostructured electrode
Authors: Paygozar Shahab , Rouhaghdam Alireza Sabour , Li Zhenyu , Shao Taihuan , Darband Ghasem Barati , Li Jinyang
Published: October 2023

A NiFeSP/NF electrocatalyst is a reliable candidate for increasing hydrogen production through urea electro-oxidation and it assists in the treatment of urea-rich wastewater.
Ti3C2Tx-MXene/PET textile-based flexible pressure sensor for wearable pulse monitoring
Authors: Zhang Qingchao , Zhang Huinan , Liang Jie , Zhao Xuefeng , Li Bo , Zang Junbin , Gao Libo , Zhang Zhidong , Xue Chenyang
Published: October 2023

Flexible pressure sensor based on Ti3C2Tx-MXene/PET textiles enable stable measurement of pulse signals, which is significant for wearable smart medical devices in the future.
All-polymer solar cells based on wide bandgap polymerized non-fused electron acceptors for indoor photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Bo , Lai Wenbin , Liang Shijie , Wang Yikun , Wang Chao , Xiao Chengyi , Li Weiwei
Published: October 2023

Wide bandgap polymerized non-fused electron acceptors have been applied into indoor photovoltaics, yielding ~1.0 V open-circuit voltage and >14% power conversion efficiency.
Status of the Muon g − 2 experiment
Authors: Winter Peter
Published: October 2023

The Muon g−2 Experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory was designed to measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, aµ, with a precision of 140 parts-per-billion; a four-fold improvement over the former BNL measurement. The Fermilab experiment was motivated by the about 3.5 standard deviation between the experiment and the Standard Model calculation of aµ which could be a hint of new physics. The experiment at Fermilab relies on the well-established storage ring technique using magic momentum muons but employs new detector systems and a higher rate of muons per injection cycle to achieve the significant improvement in precision. A first result from the Run-1 data taking period has achieved an uncertainty of 0.46 parts-per-million and confirmed the BNL discrepancy, further increasing the tension with the Standard Model to 4.2 σ. The experimental technique, key aspects of the measurement, and the data analysis of Run-1 will be summarized.
Model independent analysis forBanomalies
Authors: Mahmoudi Farvah , Hurth Tobias , Santos Diego Martínez , Neshatpour Siavash
Published: October 2023

We discuss the implications ofb→sℓ+ℓ−measurements and their deviations with respect to the Standard Model predictions in a model-independent framework. We highlight in particular the impact of the recent updated measurements including the updatedBs→ ϕµ+µ−branching ratios and angular observables, the recent CMS measurement of the branching ratio ofBs→ µ+µ−, and the LHCb measured lepton flavour universality violating ratios $ R_{K_{S}^{0}} $ andRK∗+. In addition, we check the compatibility of the new physics effect for the theoretically clean observables with the rest of the neutralBdecays observables.
Hadronic contributions to the muon g − 2 in holographic QCD
Authors: Leutgeb Josef , Mager Jonas , Rebhan Anton
Published: October 2023

We discuss the recent progress made in using bottom-up holographic QCD models in calculating hadronic contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, in particular the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution, where holographic QCD naturally satisfies the Melnikov-Vainshtein constraint by an infinite series of axial vector meson contributions.
JePeIA : de la création à la mise en oeuvre d’un escape game à visée pédagogique sur l’Intelligence Artificielle
Authors: Chanthery E. , Hladik P-E. , Joffre C. , Le Corre G. , Lesauvage J. , Liard L. , Poirier J.
Published: October 2023

Depuis 2019, une équipe d’enseignants collabore avec Instant Science et l’Institut ANITI, soutenue par la région Occitanie, pour développer un escape game pédagogique sur l’intelligence artificielle. Le dispositif JEPEIA (JEu PEdagogique en Intelligence Artificielle) est actuellement déployé dans les lycées de la région et lors des manifestations des établissements partenaires. Cet article décrit le développement du dispositif et son utilisation. JEPEIA vise à former largement aux enjeux de l’intelligence artificielle, transmettre une vision réaliste et non fantasmée des possibilités et des limites de ces technologies. Il vise également à sensibiliser et susciter une réflexion sur les enjeux sociétaux associés au développement de l’IA. En comprenant mieux ce domaine, les élèves, étudiants, personnels et citoyens seront mieux préparés à anticiper les évolutions futures et à s’approprier les discussions émergentes sur ces sujets d’importance majeure.
SAFEFORM: Usability analysis of a safety-based knowledge management system
Authors: Chellappa Vigneshkumar , Mesaros Peter , Ginda Grzegorz
Published: October 2023

Globally, the prevention of falls in construction is always challenging to contracting organizations. A web-based safety knowledge management (KM) system, SAFEFORM, was developed to prevent falls during vertical formwork operations in Indian construction projects. The purpose of this study was to conduct a usability analysis for SAFEFORM using a system usability scale (SUS). Fifteen potential end users were targeted to evaluate the SAFEFORM. The results indicated that the respondents considered SAFEFORM excellent and acceptable. It is expected that the SAFEFORM could assist users in preventing falls during vertical formwork operations in Indian CPs and enhance overall safety performance.
Energy consumption of smart facade
Authors: Salajka Radek , Znebejanek Jiri , Rubina Ales
Published: October 2023

Expanding awareness of multi-layer smart facades and their use and comparison with external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS). Numerical calculations being used to present energy use of given facade in comparison with ETICS on the same building with identical boundary conditions.
Seasonal decomposition of different types of rivers in Slovakia: Implications for water management and agriculture
Authors: Wael Almikaeel , Lea Cubanova
Published: October 2023

This study conducts an analysis of the seasonal decomposition of various river types in Slovakia in order to enhance the understanding of hydrological time series analysis and its potential implications for water management and agriculture. A comprehensive statistical methodology including decomposition of time series and correlation analysis was applied to the data collected from multiple river gauging stations across Slovakia. The results of the study indicate distinct seasonal variations in the hydrological characteristics of different river types, with a clear differentiation between lowland and mountain rivers. These findings have crucial implications for water management and agriculture as they suggest that a deeper understanding of seasonal patterns in river flow can lead to more efficient and effective utilization of water resources. Overall, this study highlights the significance of hydrological time series analysis in gaining a better comprehension of water resources and their management in Slovakia.
Predicting pipeline life after an emergency repair
Authors: Palchyk Serhii
Published: October 2023

The operating conditions of main pipelines are analysed and it is established that fatigue and corrosion damage are the main causes of their destruction. The paper provides a substantiated answer to the question of the effectiveness of repairs using overlay elements. The number of load cycles that will take place before the destruction of the emergency section after repair with the use of overlay elements is determined by an example.
A review of building envelope constructions designed for demanding operating and climatic conditions
Authors: Dicka Zuzana , Katunsky Dusan , Dolnikova Erika
Published: October 2023

Under the term demanding climatic conditions in connection with the topic, we can primarily imagine the excessive overheating of buildings in summer and on the other hand the exposure of the building to low temperatures in winter. Considering the extreme climatic conditions, the design of the building requires an individual approach. First of all, it is necessary to pay increased attention to the envelope structures such as roof and perimeter walls. The building can also be affected by other extreme conditions such as solar radiation and associated excessive lighting, i.e. glare in the work environment. This topic is increasingly coming to the fore due to climate change. Summer seasons are getting warmer and this problem is getting even worse. Even in locations where this issue has never been dealt with before. The article summarizes the conducted research related to the issue of overheating and excessive lighting of buildings. It also informs about how researchers in Slovakia and different locations around the world deal with this problem.
Extracting the geometry of selected structural elements from BIM models
Authors: Madiev Aset , Erdelyi Jan , Honti Richard
Published: October 2023

The use of information technology is currently a prerequisite for the successful implementation of any project in various spheres of human activity. Building information modelling (BIM) allows you to use a virtual model of a building, covering the entire life cycle of a building, starting from design, and ending with its demolition. However, as in any field, BIM technology has advantages and disadvantages. Since the models are often detailed and complex 3D models, the extraction of the coordinates of characteristic points for geodetic purposes is more difficult as in the case of 2D drawings. In this article, we provide practical information on extracting geometric parameters of objects from a BIM model in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format. Three objects (wall, structural opening, and column) were selected as examples. The results obtained showed that the applied approach provides reliable data on the geometry of the objects used.
Analysis of the thermal and technical parameters of the vegetated roof and its effect on the energy demand – Case study A
Authors: Domanický Ján , Vranay František
Published: October 2023

ENERGY!!! In this energy era, when the development of energies and the development of their prices is a daily topic that affects people’s lives, it is necessary to direct our thinking towards the reduction of global energy demands. In my industry, it’s reducing buildings’ energy needs, specifically for heating and cooling. It is known from many researches and studies how it is possible to reduce the energy demand of the building in the area of constructions by insulation, or suitable design of the envelope or in the area of Building services, by using renewable energy sources or by using a suitable source and type of heating and cooling. Therefore, I took a different direction in my research. PASSIVE COOLING. Passive so that we don’t fight against energy with energy, but that we use the amount of it that falls on the object in the largest possible amount and eliminate the rest with suitable design and suitable elements. I focus on VEGETATION and its potential in this direction. My work has several chapters, and in this article I am dealing with one of the first, namely the analysis of the thermal engineering parameters of the constructions in case study A.
Thermal energy with long-term accumulation
Authors: Goras Michal , Vranayova Zuzana , Vranay Frantisek
Published: October 2023

Accumulation of thermal energy in an underground reinforced concrete thermal energy tank with a volume of 24m3 of water, for 2 years. In these 2 years, 4 cycles are measured, namely 2 times charging and 2 times discharging. The measured data in these cycles indicate the charging and discharging time. By evaluating the data, we point out the losses of accumulated energy. Solar hot water collectors, which heat the medium in the thermal energy tank, serve as a source for recharging. The thermal energy tank has the potential to reduce the energy demand of buildings.
Green infrastructure implementation and its influence on the hydrologic parameters of the urban catchment: Case study of the city of Trebišov, Slovakia
Authors: Sokolchuk Kostiantyn
Published: October 2023

This study presents changes in hydrologic characteristics of the urban catchment that are result of the implementation of the green infrastructure. Such data are used as a base for modeling of the urban drainage water flows. The research and its results are presented on the case study performed in the city of Trebišov, Slovakia. For the evaluation of hydrological parameters and their changes, available maps and a digital model of the terrain were used. Percentage of impervious, semi- and pervious surfaces, expected average curve number, travel time were determined, all in the particular sewer network subcatchments. Consequently, the areas of the city that have the highest development potential in the context of the implementation of green infrastructure were determined, were elaborated three different alternatives. The preliminary results of the current status research show, that the area of impervious areas is around 23% of the Trebišov inner city. Parks and squares account for about 10% of the city, and besides that, about a third of the area is occupied with concentrated private development. According to preliminary assessment, in the “maximal” GI implementation alternative the application of LID practices is appropriate for 12-15% of Trebišov area.
Perception of ecological aspects as part of flood protection
Authors: Dobransky Marian , Bujansky Peter , Zhenjun Gao
Published: October 2023

Modern trends in water management are more than ever inclined towards ecological solutions to avoid technical stream-channel regulation of riverbeds in the design of flood defence measures. Modifications to straighten the riverbeds that were considered in the past, removed the natural meanders of the river, increased the longitudinal slope of the riverbed, and accelerated the outflow from the threatened area. The goals of building protective dams and controlled floodplains are also limited by the negative perception of conservationists and ecologists, which leads to stagnation and discouragement from the proposals. The aim of this article is to compare the given perception of ecological aspects in different countries, how they approach them and how they are applied in studies of flood solutions. Among the ecological aspects, the following points of view will be observed: (1) options for regulation and design of flood areas, (2) duration of flooding time for the ecosystem or the landscape, (3) redefinition of riverfront in cities and (4) concept of resilience.
Application referring to the effect of continuous deck occurring in the joint used in the ceiling structure
Authors: Freudenberger Klara
Published: October 2023

The usage of hybrid structures brings advantages in their application. Structures with appropriately combined materials within the supporting structure are able to withstand higher loads and overcome larger spans. Effective structural solutions can also be achieved by combining materials such as cross laminated timber, concrete, and steel. The result is the achievement of a more efficient construction and at the same time achieve an aesthetic, but also an ecological structure, furthermore, creating a slimmer ceiling structure can ensure financial savings. In order to achieve the maximum use of the potential of the structure, it is necessary to create suitable structural connections. By creating a suitable joint among the ceiling decks and the beam, it is possible to create a load-bearing ceiling structure that behaves like a continuous deck. In this paper, numerical analysis of selected types of joints are performed and compared. During the examination, an adjustment has been made for alternative joint variation. After updating the proportions of components in this specimen, alternative sample of joint was able to withstand loads applied during analysis. Examined joint connection offers alternative to original joint connection.
Experimental testing of 3DCP reinforcement Wall segments
Authors: Vanek Vojtech , Beckovsky David , Nespesný Ondrej , Vystrcil Jan , Pencík Jan
Published: October 2023

The wall segments are formed using additive layer-on-layer technology. The concrete mix is therefore laid in layers and the final desired element is gradually formed. The manufactured columns are all of different shapes and reinforcements. The columns are adapted for lateral load testing, whereby they are subjected to three-point bending when loaded in service. A stress of 1 MPa is transmitted to these columns and the columns are progressively loaded with a horizontal force. The test is primarily to determine how much stress these columns can carry in the wall plane in tension bending. The results of the measurements are compared with brick masonry.
Assessment of the influence of the hydroaccumulation layer on the initial moment of rainwater runoff from the green roof structure
Authors: Porwisz Ondrej , Jilek Jan
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the assessment of the influence of the hydro-accumulation layer on the initial moment of rainwater runoff from green roof. The authors deal with a comparison of two basic types of green roof compositions, where they assess the initial moment of rainwater runoff following the use of a hydroaccumulation layer.
Biodiverse green roof: Phase 5 of the greenIZOLA project
Authors: Vargova Alena , Vertal Marian
Published: October 2023

Cities represent a massive area of dense materials that accumulate heat, do not retain rainwater, and therefore create an unpleasant condition for life. Many countries apply green roofs as an effective and practical tool to mitigate the adverse effects of urbanization. They are often designed as intensive and extensive. In recent years, a lot of research has been done on green roofs for a better understanding of their behavior in different conditions. In recent years, experimental green roofs have also started emerging in Slovakia. At the same time, the idea of restoring vegetation to industrial zones with help of such construction was made. The paper focuses on the latest planned phase of the project for the greening of an office building with an adjacent area in an industrial zone. Phase five consists of the design of a biodiverse green roof that will provide an alternative habitat for fauna and flora. The main elements of the design are the compositions of green and wetland roofs. Moreover, the paper summarizes the already implemented phases of the project.
The effect of cellulose fibres in an epoxy adhesive for bonding wooden load-bearing elements
Authors: Lacikova Petra , Vanerek Jan , Betak Adam
Published: October 2023

The work deals with the modification of the properties of epoxy adhesive. The modification consists of reinforcing this adhesive with cellulose fibres. In the field of wood glued elements, the current research focuses on the possibility of increasing the ductile behaviour of the epoxy adhesive, which would significantly increase the ability of the adhesive to transfer the stresses induced by the volumetric changes of the wood adherend. For this purpose, the adhesive was modified with fibres having a reinforcing character, which may include cellulose fibres. Due to the epoxy resin’s non-polar nature and the cellulose fibre's hydrophilic nature, which inhibits the fibre's homogeneous dispersion, the fibres have been modified with silanes. This paper describes the effect of adhesive modification by determination of tensile and shear strength at different amounts of filling and different types of silane pre-treatment of cellulose fibres. The optimum filling amount can be considered as 1.0% filling of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with epoxy-functional silane pre-treatment.
Chirurgie orthognathique en première intention : recul à 8 ans
Authors: Canal Pierre , Ecalle Corentin , Charavet Carole
Published: October 2023

Dans les traitements orthodontico-chirurgicaux, la chirurgie en première intention ou chirurgie première consiste en la réalisation de la chirurgie orthognathique dans un premier temps (correction immédiate du décalage squelettique) suivi de la réalisation de l’ensemble du traitement orthodontique après cette intervention. L’ objectif de cet article était de décrire un patient ayant bénéficié d’une chirurgie première avec un recul de 8 ans afin de discuter des indications de cette technique, ses avantages et inconvénients mais également de sa stabilité dans le temps. La correction orthodontico- chirurgicale de cette patiente explicite tout l’intérêt de la chirurgie en première intention, évitant la phase de décompensation, et donc d’aggravation, quand l’indication est posée. Bien que ce protocole ait permis un traitement rapide, celui-ci est resté stable dans le temps.
Quand et comment indiquer une ostéotomie bimaxillaire pour traiter d’un syndrome d’apnée obstructive du sommeil (SAOS) ?
Authors: Ganeval Amina
Published: October 2023

Le syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) touche 4 à 10 % de la population adulte française. Il a été défini en 1971 par un médecin français (Christian Guilleminault). Il se caractérise par des épisodes de fermetures partielles ou complètes des voies aériennes supérieures (VAS) associées à des micro-éveils. L’ incidence du SAOS augmente de façon linéaire en fonction de l’âge des patients. Le second facteur de risque est l’obésité, associé ou non à un trouble métabolique. Le syndrome est plus fréquent chez les hommes. Des caractères anatomiques faciaux sont également à prendre en compte. La prise en charge du SAOS se doit d’être multidisciplinaire (médecin du sommeil, ORL, chirurgien maxillo-facial, orthodontiste…) de manière à mettre à la disposition du patient tous les moyens d’investigation de sa pathologie et de lui proposer le traitement le plus adapté à son phénotype : entre la pression positive continue (PPC ; depuis 1981, toujours traitement prescrit en 1re intention) et les autres alternatives (orthèse d’avancée mandibulaire, chirurgie orthognathique, chirurgie des parties molles des voies aériennes supérieures, stimulateur du XII…). Il est question ici de mettre l’accent sur les modifications bénéfiques des osteotomies maxillo-mandibulaires sur les VAS et ainsi l’intérêt de la chirurgie orthognathique dans la prise en charge des SAOS. Il n’existe pas d’arbre décisionnel à proprement parler pour codifier les indications, ni de critères objectifs validés pour en prédire l’efficience. L’ endoscopie sous sommeil induit permet un examen plus précis du patient pour juger du site obstructif et ainsi proposer le traitement le plus approprié.
Protocoles per- et post-opératoires de chirurgie pour les traitements orthodontico-chirurgicaux par aligneurs
Authors: Ancel Hugo , Marinetti Adrien , Le Marié Marina , Cambray Tess , Charrier Jean-Baptiste
Published: October 2023

L'évolution de l'orthodontie et de la chirurgie a été importante au cours des vingt dernières années[4], notamment avec une augmentation de la demande de traitement chez les patients adultes et l'essor des techniques invisibles et discrètes. Les techniques d'alignement étaient initialement réservées aux traitements simples[1] et les dysmorphoses squelettiques ont été pendant de nombreuses années une contre-indication au traitement par aligneur selon la Food & Drugs Administration (FDA)[11]. Le développement récent de cette thérapie a élargi les indications de traitement, faisant de la gestion des cas d'orthodontie chirurgicale à l'aide d'aligneurs une pratique courante. Cependant, l'orthodontiste et le chirurgien sont confrontés à un véritable défi, car il n'existe actuellement aucun consensus sur la prise en charge des patients avec un traitement par aligneurs et une chirurgie orthognatique[3], et seuls quelques cas cliniques ont été publiés jusqu'à présent[2,5,6,8,12].

Le but de cet article est, après avoir expliqué les risques liés à l'utilisation des aligneurs, de présenter trois approches différentes pour les surmonter.
The association between playing professional American football and longevity
Authors: Warren John Robert , Rumore Gina
Published: October 2023

Recent research concludes that professional American football players (hereafter, “football players”) live longer than American men in general, despite experiencing higher rates of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This suggests that the longevity-enhancing benefits of playing football (e.g., physical fitness, money) outweigh the costs associated with CTE, CVD, and other longevity detriments of playing football. However, these surprising results may be the consequence of flawed research design. To investigate, we conducted two analyses. In analysis 1, we compared a) all professional American football players whose first season was 1986 or between 1988 and 1995 to b) a random sample of same-age American men observed as part of the National Health Interview Surveys in those same years selected on good health, at least 3 y of college, and not being poor. The exposure consists of playing one or more games of professional football; the outcome is risk of death within 25 y. In analysis 2, we use data on 1,365 men drafted to play in the (American) National Football League in the 1950s—906 of whom ultimately played professional football, and 459 of whom never played a game in any professional league. We estimate the association between playing football and survival through early 2023. In both analyses, we investigate differences between linemen and other position players. In contrast to most prior research, in both analyses, we find that linemen died earlier than otherwise similar men; men who played other positions died no earlier (or later).
Human proteins curing yeast prions
Authors: Wu Songsong , Edskes Herman K. , Wickner Reed B.
Published: October 2023

Recognition that common human amyloidoses are prion diseases makes the use of the
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
prion model systems to screen for possible anti-prion components of increasing importance. [PSI+] and [URE3] are amyloid-based prions of Sup35p and Ure2p, respectively. Yeast has at least six anti-prion systems that together cure nearly all [PSI+] and [URE3] prions arising in their absence. We made a
GAL-
promoted bank of 14,913 human open reading frames in a yeast shuttle plasmid and isolated 20 genes whose expression cures [PSI+] or [URE3]. PRPF19 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that cures [URE3] if its U-box is intact. DNAJA1 is a J protein that cures [PSI+] unless its interaction with Hsp70s is defective. Human Bag5 efficiently cures [URE3] and [PSI+]. Bag family proteins share a 110 to 130 residue “BAG domain”; Bag 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 each have one BAG domain while Bag5 has five BAG domains. Two BAG domains are necessary for curing [PSI+], but one can suffice to cure [URE3]. Although most Bag proteins affect autophagy in mammalian cells, mutations blocking autophagy in yeast do not affect Bag5 curing of [PSI+] or [URE3]. Curing by Bag proteins depends on their interaction with Hsp70s, impairing their role, with Hsp104 and Sis1, in the amyloid filament cleavage necessary for prion propagation. Since Bag5 curing is reduced by overproduction of Sis1, we propose that Bag5 cures prions by blocking Sis1 access to Hsp70s in its role with Hsp104 in filament cleavage.
Examining the Accuracy and Reproducibility of Responses to Nutrition Questions Related to Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Generative Pre-trained Transformer-4 (GPT-4)
Authors: Samaan Jamil S. , Issokson Kelly , Feldman Erin , Fasulo Christina , Rajeev Nithya , Ng Wee Han , Hollander Barbara , Yeo Yee Hui , Vasiliauskas Eric
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims

Generative Pre-trained Transformer-4 (GPT-4) is a large language model (LLM) trained on a vast corpus of data, including the medical literature. Nutrition plays an important role in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with an unmet need for nutrition-related patient education resources. This study examines the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and reproducibility of responses by GPT-4 to patient nutrition questions related to IBD.

Methods

Questions were obtained from adult IBD clinic visits, Facebook, and Reddit. Two IBD-focused registered dieticians independently graded the accuracy and reproducibility of GPT-4’s responses while a third senior IBD-focused registered dietitian arbitrated. Each question was inputted twice into the model.

Results

88 questions were selected. The model correctly responded to 73/88 questions (83.0%), with 61 (69.0%) graded as comprehensive. 15/88 (17%) responses were graded as mixed with correct and incorrect/outdated data. The model comprehensively responded to 10 (62.5%) questions related to “Nutrition and diet needs for surgery”, 12 (92.3%) “Tube feeding and parenteral nutrition”, 11 (64.7%) “General diet questions”, 10 (50%) “Diet for reducing symptoms/inflammation” and 18 (81.8%) “Micronutrients/supplementation needs”. The model provided reproducible responses to 81/88 (92.0%) questions.

Conclusion

GPT-4 comprehensively answered most questions, demonstrating the promising potential of LLMs as supplementary tools for IBD patients seeking nutrition-related information. However, 17% of responses contained incorrect information, highlighting the need for continuous refinement prior to incorporation into clinical practice. Future studies should emphasize leveraging LLMs to enhance patient outcomes and promoting patient and healthcare professional proficiency in using LLMs to maximize their efficacy.

Lay Summary

Generative Pre-trained Transformer-4 (GPT-4) is a large language model that comprehensively answered patient nutrition questions related to IBD. With continuous refinement and validation, there is promising potential for GPT-4 in enhancing outcomes and promoting health literacy in this patient population.
Does environmental, social, and governance performance affect financial risk disclosure? Evidence from European ESG companies
Authors: Chouaibi Jamel , Benmansour Hayet , Ben Fatma Hanen , Zouari-Hadiji Rim
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effects of environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance on financial risk disclosure of European companies. It analyzed the relationships between ESG factors and financial risk disclosure between 2010 and 2020.

Design/methodology/approach

To test their hypotheses in this study, the authors used the multivariate regression analysis on panel data using the Thomson Reuters ASSET4 database and the annual reports of 154 European companies listed in the ESG index between 2010 and 2020.

Findings

Empirical evidence shows a positive association between European companies' environmental and governance performance with financial risk disclosure, whereas social performance does not influence financial risk disclosure. Concerning the control variables, the findings demonstrate that firm size and profitability are significant factors in changing the financial risk disclosure. Nevertheless, firms’ leverage is insignificantly correlated with financial risk disclosure.

Originality/value

This study extends the stream of accounting literature by focusing on the financial risk disclosure, a topic that has received little attention in previous research. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first that provides ESG companies with evidence of the effect of ESG factors on financial risk disclosure in a developed market like Europe.
The dilemma between cultural rituals and hedonism for tourism in a cultural festival: a case study of the Lanna Songkran festival in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: Intason Montira
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The qualitative approach was applied the discover the optimum answers to the research objectives, which are (1) to understand the cultural and hedonistic characteristics of the (Lanna) Songkran festival; and (2) to examine the dilemma between cultural rituals and hedonistic activity for tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a case study of the Songkran festival in Chiang Mai to examine the dilemma between cultural rituals and hedonism for tourism, which brings lost or misperceived cultural values and identities. The semi-structured interview (SSI) with senior locals and participant observation during the festival was conducted in Chiang Mai, Thailand, to obtain the in-depth phenomena of the existing celebration pattern at the festival.

Findings

The study findings show three crucial phenomena that explain characteristics of unsynchronized cultural rituals and hedonistic activities for tourism: (1) the parallel phenomenon between cultural values and celebration practice, (2) the movement of local culture and(3) the hedonistic characteristics of the festival.

Practical implications

The study extends the knowledge on the interplay phenomena between cultural festivals and tourism; also, the involved stakeholders, such as local communities, public sectors and private sectors, can use the study findings in creating policies for using cultural festivals to promote a destination and urban economic development that will minimise cultural values distort while increase tourism economic values.

Originality/value

This study was conducted qualitatively, including SSIs and participant observation at the Songkran festival in Chiang Mai. The study findings were analysed, based on the empirical data, into significant themes representing the characteristics of dilemma phenomena within the festival.
Linking coworker friendship with incivility: comparison between headwaiters and servers in family-style restaurants
Authors: Khan Mukaram Ali , Selem Kareem M. , Zubair Syed Sohaib , Shoukat Muhammad Haroon
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Underpinned by affective events theory (AET), this paper examines the effect of coworker friendship on coworker incivility in family-style restaurants. Furthermore, this paper seeks the mediation effect of positive workplace gossip.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a time-lagged approach, 83 headwaiters and 326 servers at family-style restaurants located in Port Said and Ismailia responded, and their responses were analyzed using AMOS v. 24.

Findings

Multigroup analysis findings proved that coworker friendship increased positive workplace gossip in favor of the server sample. At the same time, the latter decreased coworker incivility in favor of the headwaiter sample. Besides, positive workplace gossip partially mediated the coworker friendship–incivility association in favor of the server sample. Furthermore, incivility levels increase between married coworkers and their peers in favor of the server sample.

Originality/value

From the AET lens, this paper offers valuable insights into affective and emotional reactions to closest coworkers' judgmental behavior in the restaurant industry.
Third‐order elasticity of transversely isotropic field shales
Authors: Bakk Audun , Duda Marcin , Xie Xiyang , Stenebråten Jørn F. , Yan Hong , MacBeth Colin , Holt Rune M.
Published: October 2023

The formations above a producing reservoir can exhibit large mechanical changes, creating a risk of significant subsidence and loss of rock integrity. These changes can be monitored by time‐lapse seismic acquisition, which measures the corresponding velocity changes via time‐shifts. Third‐order elastic theory can be used to connect subsurface strains and stress changes to these seismic attribute changes. Existing models assume isotropic strain dependence of the dynamic stiffness in shales. It is important to re‐evaluate this isotropic assumption considering the inherent anisotropy of shales and their abundance in the overburden. Thus, we instead propose a third‐order elastic model with a transversely isotropic strain dependence of the dynamic stiffness. When calibrated, this new model satisfactorily predicted P‐wave velocity changes determined in undrained laboratory experiments conducted on overburden field shales, covering a wide range of propagation directions and stress variations. The shales exhibit anisotropic dynamic strain sensitivity, resulting in a significantly higher strain sensitivity predicted for Thomsen's anisotropy parameters epsilon and delta subjected to a uniaxial strain parallel to the horizontal bedding plane compared to the vertical direction. Geomechanical modelling, considering a depleting disk‐shaped reservoir surrounded by shales, was employed to predict the dynamic stiffness changes of the overburden using the laboratory‐calibrated third‐order elastic model. The overburden time‐shifts increased with offset angle, peaking at about 45°, suggesting a strong influence of shear strains on the time‐shifts. In contrast, a corresponding model with an isotropic third‐order elastic tensor, calibrated to the same data, exhibited a significantly lower sensitivity to the shear strains. These results underscore the importance of considering the anisotropic strain dependence of the dynamic stiffness when studying shales. Interpreting offset‐dependent trends in pre‐stack time‐lapse seismic data, along with geomechanical modelling and an appropriate strain‐dependent rock physics model, can assist in quantifying subsurface strains and stress changes.
Environmental exposure more than plastic composition shapes marine microplastic‐associated bacterial communities inPacificversusCaribbeanfield incubations
Authors: Dudek Kassandra L. , Neuer Susanne
Published: October 2023

Microplastics have arisen as a global threat to marine ecosystems. In this study, we explored the role that plastic polymer type, incubation time and geographic location have on shaping the microbial community adhered to the microplastics, termed the plastisphere. We performed detailed bacterial plastisphere community analyses on microplastics of six different household plastic polymers, serving as proxies of secondary microplastics, incubated for 6 weeks in coastal Pacific waters. These bacterial communities were compared to the plastisphere communities grown on identical microplastic particles incubated in the coastal Caribbean Sea at Bocas del Toro, Panama. Ribosomal gene sequencing analyses revealed that bacterial community composition did not exhibit a significant preference for plastic type at either site but was instead driven by the incubation time and geographic location. We identified a ‘core plastisphere’ composed of 57 amplicon sequence variants common to all plastic types, incubation times and locations, with possible synergies between taxa. This study contributes to our understanding of the importance of geography in addition to exposure time, in the composition of the plastisphere.
‘Treating this place like home’: An exploration of the notions of home within an adolescent inpatient unit with subsequent implications for staff training
Authors: Sherbersky Hannah , Vetere Arlene , Smithson Janet
Published: October 2023

Notions of home are deeply rooted in how we understand our interrelational selves and where we fit in to the world around us. This qualitative research explored how young people, their families and staff on a United Kingdom (UK) psychiatric adolescent inpatient unit constructed meaning around the notion of home within the unit. Admissions on such units can range from a few days to many months, and understanding what young people, families and staff consider the unit to be – home, hospital, or something else – has significant clinical implications for both treatment and recovery. Eleven focus groups with staff, young people and families on a general adolescent inpatient unit were conducted and the data scrutinised using a discourse analysis. This research suggests that discourses around role confusion, safety and the embodiment of home, attachment relationships and the contradictory positions of home or hospital were evident for all participants. Theories such as the reciprocal nature of attachment relationships between staff and young people, iatrogenic injury and attachment ruptures between young people and parents all have a profound impact on an inpatient admission and are often unspoken and under‐operationalised. Clinical recommendations are made about the need for a paradigm shift in how admissions are understood for young people, how to manage the dilemmas associated with the unit becoming a home and what the subsequent training needs of inpatient staff are.
Outcomes of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depressive symptoms with versus without comorbid personality disorders/traits: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ferrea Stefano , Petrides Georgios , Ehrt‐Schäfer Yamina , Angst Jules , Seifritz Erich , Olbrich Sebastian , Schoretsanitis Georgios
Published: October 2023

Aims

To assess electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) outcomes in patients affected by depressive symptoms with versus without additional comorbid personality disorders/traits.

Methods

We identified observational studies investigating ECT clinical outcomes in patients affected by depressive symptoms with versus without comorbid personality disorders/traits in Embase/Medline in 11/2022. Our protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023390833). Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle‐Ottawa‐Scale. Our primary outcomes were ECT response and remission rates. Meta‐regression analyses included effects of in/outpatient percentages, age, number of ECT sessions, and electrode placement; subgroup analyses included the assessment methods for personality disorders/traits. We performed sensitivity analyses after excluding poor‐quality studies.

Results

A total of 20 studies (n = 11,390) were included in our analysis. Patients with comorbid personality disorders/traits had lower remission rates (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.31, 0.58, p < 0.001) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 93.0%) as well as lower response rates (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.24, 0.51, n = 5129, p < 0.001) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 93.0%) compared with patients without comorbid personality disorders/traits. Relapse rates were higher in patients with versus without comorbid personality disorders/traits (OR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.40, 7.45, k = 4, n = 239, p = 0.006) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 75.0%) and post‐ECT memory impairment was more frequent in patients with versus without comorbid personality disorders/traits (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.36, 1.46, k = 4, n = 471, p < 0.001) with minimal heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%). Dropout rates were higher in patients with versus without comorbid personality disorders/traits (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.13, 2.21, k = 3, n = 6145, p = 0.008).

Conclusions

Patients with comorbid personality disorders/traits treated with ECT are reported to have lower response and remission rates and higher rates of side effects and relapse rates compared with patients without personality disorders/traits.
Sustainable dermatology—A practical guide for the Australian dermatologist
Authors: Tan Eugene
Published: October 2023

Globally, healthcare systems can account for up to 10% of national CO2 emissions. There is increasing awareness of the need to act to reduce the impact on our planet by living sustainably in our personal and professional lives. Literature on sustainability can be complex, and with so many demands on our attention and time, it is challenging for the practising dermatologist to grasp where to begin. This manuscript provides a practical guide with quantifiable impacts for each action. With mindful use of resources, both profitability and the well‐being of patients and doctors can align with environmental protection.