bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metropolitan rebellions and the politics of commoning the city
Authors: Holston James
Published: February 2019

This article analyzes the remarkable wave of metropolitan rebellions that inaugurated the 21st century around the world (2000–2016). It argues that they fuel an emergent politics of city-making in which residents consider the city as a collective social and material product that they produce; in effect, a commons. It investigates this politics at the intersection of processes of city-making, city-occupying, and rights-claiming that generate movements for insurgent urban citizenships. It develops a critique of the so-called post-political in anthropological theory, analyzes recent urban uprisings in Brazil and Turkey, distinguishes between protest and insurgent movements, evaluates digital communication technologies as a new means to common the city, and suggests what urban citizenship brings to politics that the national does not.
Building journalists’ resilience through mindfulness strategies
Authors: Pearson Mark , McMahon Cait , O’Donovan Analise , O’Shannessy Dustin
Published: February 2019

Mindfulness-based meditation has earned its place in a variety of settings after studies reporting the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of a range of psychological and health disorders and for building resilience and well-being in a variety of occupational groups. In the field of journalism, the realities of journalists’ exposure to trauma while reporting have been well documented. This article is the first to link those areas of research – suggesting that mindfulness-based meditation offers promise to help journalists build resilience to post-traumatic stress. It also presents a conceptual map to theorise the broader potential benefits of journalists using mindfulness-based meditation, including help with industry-related stresses such as job insecurity, coping with emotions and battling potential ‘moral injury’ in reporting. It explains that pedagogical approaches for equipping journalists with mechanisms for working with their emotions, thoughts and professional values have been lacking. Some media organisations and universities have experimented with meditation practice for a range of reported reasons, but evidence-based research into the efficacy of such programmes for journalists is overdue. This article bridges the knowledge gap that brings together mindfulness-based meditation practice, journalists’ resilience and well-being, and the potential for enhanced work practice.
Book review: Elias, J. and Roberts, J. 2018: Handbook on the International Political Economy of Gender
Authors: Solomon Divya
Published: March 2019

Elias, J. and Roberts, J. 2018: Handbook on the International Political Economy of Gender. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. 544 pp. £162 (Hardcover). ISBN: 9781783478835.
Has the Theory of Change established itself as the better alternative to the Logical Framework Approach in development cooperation programmes?
Authors: Ringhofer Lisa , Kohlweg Karin
Published: March 2019

This article critically reflects on two development programme planning methodologies: the dominant Logical Framework Approach (LFA) and the Theory of Change (ToC). It reviews their conceptual origins and outlines their commonalities, differences and challenges in day-to-day development practice. The article claims that while both approaches originate from the same family of programme theory, the LFA has over the years somehow lost its analytic lens to capture social change and become more of a donor-driven performance management tool. The ToC has restored some of these analytical and engagement aspects that the LFA approach was originally designed to elicit, but some of the practical challenges remain. The authors argue for a combined use of both methodologies, if held lightly and approached from a learning and not a compliance perspective.
Conditional legitimacy: How turnout, majority size, and outcome affect perceptions of legitimacy in European Union membership referendums
Authors: Arnesen Sveinung , Broderstad Troy S , Johannesson Mikael P , Linde Jonas
Published: February 2019

This conjoint study investigates the type of mandate a referendum confers in the political decision-making process. While a majority of citizens in general believe that the government should follow the results of a referendum on European Union membership, its perceived legitimacy in the eyes of the public heavily depends upon the level of turnout, the size of the majority, and the outcome of the specific referendum in question. Thus, whether a referendum legitimizes a political decision in the eyes of the public is conditional upon these three dimensions.
Patient awareness of orthodontic mobile phone apps
Authors: Sharif Mohammad Owaise , Siddiqui Nausheen Rashida , Hodges Samantha Jayne
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Mobile phone applications (apps) can be engaging, accessible, versatile and have the potential to improve patient care. In 2017, 354 orthodontic apps were reported to be available, many of them targeted at patients; however, the awareness and usage of apps among orthodontic patients was unreported.

Aim:

The primary aim of this study was to assess patients’ current awareness of orthodontic apps.

Methods:

One hundred orthodontic patients (50 new and 50 in treatment) completed a questionnaire designed to explore their awareness, access to and utilisation of orthodontic apps and social media to support orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, their willingness to engage with and use an app to aid with orthodontic treatment was explored. There were no age restrictions or exclusion criteria.

Results:

Ninety percent of patients had access to a smartphone, of which 73% belonged to them (rather than a parent/relative). Apple was the most popular platform (56%) followed by Android (26%). Only 7% of patients were aware that apps were available to help with orthodontic treatment and no patients had previously used an app related to orthodontics. However, 87% of patients stated that they would be willing to use an app to support treatment. Twenty-one percent of patients had previously looked up information on social media, with YouTube being the most popular platform.

Conclusion:

Current awareness of the availability of apps is poor, despite the finding that 87% of patients reported they would be willing to use an app to aid with orthodontic treatment. Given the availability of apps targeted at orthodontic patients, there is a need to assess the quality of these apps and, if appropriate, navigate patients towards high-quality, effective apps.
Correlation between radiographic parameters for the prediction of palatally impacted maxillary canines
Authors: Malik Durr e Shahwar , Fida Mubassar , Sukhia Rashna Hoshang
Published: March 2019

Objective:

This study aimed to identify radiographic parameters on routine orthopantomograms to aid in early diagnosis of palatally impacted canines.

Design:

Split-mouth case-control study.

Setting:

Single-centre university dental hospital.

Methods:

Thirty-three individuals with palatally impacted canines and non-impacted contra-lateral teeth were recruited. Radiographic variables angle A, angle B, angle C, distance D, sector class and depth of vertical impaction were measured for both groups. Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used to analyse significant differences and association between variables with sector class and depth of vertical impaction, respectively. Logistic regression analysis determined radiographic parameters as predictors of palatal impaction.

Results:

Significant differences were seen between sector class, depth of vertical impaction and the radiographic parameters between cases and controls ( P ⩽ 0.001). For cases, strong correlation was found for angle C between the impacted canine and occlusal plane (r = −0.28, P = 0.022) and perpendicular distance D of impacted canine to the occlusal plane (r = 0.81, P ⩽ 0.001) with the depth of vertical impaction. Logistic regression analysis showed the odds of canine impaction increase with an increase in angle B and angle C.

Conclusions:

Our study showed that greater depth of vertical impaction, sector class, increased perpendicular distance and reduced angulation from occlusal plane resulted in palatal impaction of permanent maxillary canines. The odds of palatal canine impaction increase nearly twofold with every 10 increase in angle B and angle C.
Not for the faint-hearted – Max Weber’s methodological writings: Zur Logik und Methodik der Sozialwissenschaften
Authors: Adair-Toteff Christopher
Published: March 2019

This is a Review Article on the volume devoted to most of Weber’s methodological writings in the Max Weber Gesamtausgabe. It indicates the critical importance of these writings and highlights the helpful editorial introduction, the copious notes, and other comments.
The politics of value in urban development: Valuing conflict in agonistic pluralism
Authors: McAuliffe Cameron , Rogers Dallas
Published: March 2019

In this article, we consider the role of value pluralism in theorising urban development and the politics of participatory planning. Rather than situating analyses of urban development in a monist or universalist ethics, where values are reducible to a single universal (e.g. human rights), or a normative pluralism based on the tension between different bearers of political value (e.g. liberty and equality), we argue for a plural ethics to make sense of the complex empirical reality of our cities. Post-consensus theories of planning treat the presence of conflict as an enduring reality in urban development, with Chantal Mouffe providing one way of conceptualising a productive politics of conflict. We extend Mouffe’s plural politics through an appeal to value pluralism in the form of anthropological theories of value. A better understanding of the plural and incommensurable nature of values not only contributes to our understanding of the operation of agonistic pluralism, it also provides a more robust theoretical account of how different urban actors in the city transition from antagonism to agonism, which Mouffe suggests is necessary for a more inclusive urban politics. The politics of value resides in the struggle for legitimacy of particular regimes of value; not just to determine economic value, but to define what value is, and how different values dominate, encompass or otherwise relate to one another. This moral politics approach, via value theory, provides one way of tracing an ethical urbanism that exists between conflict and consensus. It allows us to reframe the central challenge of agonistic pluralism as the transition from antagonistic positions, marked by moral intransigence and immutability, towards more flexible value positions that allow ‘adversaries’ to enter into a viable agonistic politics.
A criminology of extinction: Biodiversity, extreme consumption and the vanity of species resurrection
Authors: Brisman Avi , South Nigel
Published: March 2019

This article explores an issue pertaining to the commodification of nature and related market processes – reviving extinct species. It begins by offering an overview of the aesthetic, economic, scientific and ethical reasons to preserve biological diversity. The article then considers how and why biological diversity is actually being reduced at an unprecedented rate – the ways in which, and the explanations for why, human acts and omissions are directly and indirectly, separately and synergistically, causing extinctions, quite possibly of species that we do not even know exist. From here, the article draws on the growing body of research on resurrecting species – a process known as de-extinction – to contemplate the questions raised about the permanency of extinction, as well as whether we should revive extinct species and the meaning and criminological implications of doing so.
The Violence of Impact: Unpacking Relations Between Gender, Media and Politics
Authors: Savigny Heather
Published: February 2019

Engaging in public discussion and debate are crucial aspects of the impact agenda, but what are the politics of this engagement? What happens when female academics engage with, or are reported by, media in disseminating their research? Does negative impact ‘count’ as impact? Adopting a poststructuralist intersectional feminist analysis, this article uses the REF policy agenda as a case study in order to explore these questions. Drawing on extensive qualitative interview data, I operationalize the concept ‘cultural sexism’ as a mechanism to connect micro and macro analysis, using cumulative individual experiences to render visible wider social and political power structures. This article argues that while women may seek to actively build impact and public engagement in to their research agendas, we need to be cognizant that the site of interaction between media and academia is gendered and raced. I argue that we therefore need to reflect upon the ethics of pursuing a policy which (1) disproportionately exposes a diversity of women to structural and symbolic violence (2) has the potential to silence women’s contribution to knowledge and (3) conversely may serve to simply privilege masculinised assumptions as to what does and does not count as knowledge.
Altered morpho-functional features of bones in autoimmune disease-prone BXSB/MpJ-Yaa mice
Authors: Namba Takashi , Ichii Osamu , Nakamura Teppei , Masum Md Abdul , Otani Yuki , Otsuka-Kanazawa Saori , Hosny Ali Elewa Yaser , Kon Yasuhiro
Published: March 2019

Bones play crucial roles in motility, electrolyte metabolism, and immunity. Clinical cases have suggested bone dysfunction in several systemic autoimmune diseases. This study exhibited altered bone morpho-functions in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa as a murine autoimmune disease model. During clinical examinations, the serum Ca level was significantly higher in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa than the healthy control BXSB/MpJ at the early stage (two to four months), but that in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa decreased with advancing age. Further, the increase of urinary Ca with nephritis and white blood cells with mild anemia proceeded in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa with advancing age. The thyroid and parathyroid gland morphologies and serum parathormone level did not differ among strains, but the tibia was smaller in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa than in BXSB/MpJ especially during the late stage (six months). Histologically, osteoclasts and osteoblasts showed increased and decreased tendencies, respectively, in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa during the early stage, and osteoclasts and bone area significantly increased and decreased, respectively, compared with BXSB/MpJ at later stages. The bone morphological indices were affected by the expression of BXSB/MpJ- Yaa mutation genes and inflammatory genes in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa. In conclusion, systemic autoimmune diseases in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa are associated with the morpho-functional abnormalities of bones, calcium dynamics, and hematopoiesis, and each factor contributes to forming the phenotypes in this disease.

Impact statement

Bone disease, such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, increases because of the progression of an aging society. Autoimmune disease are important and predisposing factors for the pathogenesis of the bone disease; however, the pathological mechanism is unclear. We have demonstrated that systemic autoimmune disease in BXSB/MpJ- Yaa is closely associated with the morpho-functional abnormalities of bones including bone marrow and has complicated pathology. The abnormalities are characterized by altered regulations of serum calcium, anemia tendency, and hematopoiesis with increased WBCs and decreased PLs, short length and low mass of long bones, imbalance in the populations of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and increased expression of candidate genes for causing and/or exacerbating their phenotypes. Therefore, BXSB/MpJ- Yaa serves as a model to elucidate bone phenotypes in systemic autoimmune disease that would be affected by the factors in the bone as well as the other immune and/or mineral metabolism organs both in human and experimental medicine.
Different morphological and gene expression profile in placentas of the same sickle cell anemia patient in pregnancies of opposite outcomes
Authors: Baptista Letícia C , Figueira Camilla O , Souza Bruno B , Fertrin Kleber Y , Antolini Arthur , Costa Fernando F , de Melo Mônica B , Costa Maria Laura
Published: March 2019

Environmentally induced changes in placental morphological and molecular phenotypes may provide relevant insight towards pathophysiology of diseases. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common inherited hemoglobin disorder characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusive crisis. SCD leads to higher morbidity and mortality, especially during pregnancy, with increased risk of preeclampsia (PE). To compare clinical findings, placental morphology, and gene expression in villous placental tissue using next generation sequencing. We included five cases. Two placentas from the same woman with homozygous SCD that had been pregnant twice and had different maternal and fetal outcomes (one early onset PE/eclampsia and a mostly non-complicated pregnancy); an early onset PE, a fetal growth restriction and a term, non-complicated pregnancy. Sixty-four differentially expressed genes were observed in the SCD+PE case, in comparison with the placenta from the SCD without PE, based on fold change. Among these genes, 59 were upregulated and 5 were downregulated. Enrichment analysis indicated two significant biological processes: response to copper ion (CYP1A1, AOC1, AQP1, and ATP5D) and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance (GPIHBP1, APOC1, and APOE). The rare opportunity to evaluate the same patient in two different pregnancies, of opposing outcomes, and compare to other conditions of known placental and vascular/inflammatory involvement, may further the understanding of the pathophysiology of PE in SCD. Our results suggest that the clinical association between SCD and PE may be supported by common pathophysiological mechanisms, but that pathways involving response to copper and triglyceride metabolism could be important drivers of PE pathophysiology.

Impact statement

Environmentally induced changes in placental morphological and molecular phenotypes may provide relevant insight towards pathophysiology of diseases. The rare opportunity to evaluate the same patient, with sickle cell anemia (SCA), in two different pregnancies, of opposite outcomes (one early onset severe preeclampsia (PE) and the other mostly non-complicated) can prove such concept. In addition, the comparison to other conditions of known placental and vascular/inflammatory involvement strengthens such findings. Our results suggest that the clinical association between SCA and PE can be supported by common pathophysiological mechanisms, but that pathways involving response to copper and triglyceride metabolism may be important drivers of the pathophysiology of PE. Future studies using in a larger number of samples should confirm these findings and explore pathways involved in the pathophysiology of PE and its relationship with SCA.
Increasing Meaningful Occupation for Women Who Provide Care for Their Spouse: A Pilot Study
Authors: Watford Patricia , Jewell Vanessa , Atler Karen
Published: February 2019

Caregiving for a loved one can be difficult and negatively affect health and quality of life. This pilot mixed-method study explored an intervention to increase participation in meaningful occupation for women who care for their spouse. Participants completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life: Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The 4-week intervention consisted of an activity log (Daily Experiences of Pleasure, Productivity, and Restoration Profile) and a reflective journal (Journal of Activities and Experiences). Researchers analyzed data from the reflective journal using content analysis. Preliminary findings showed an increase in the physical health domain ( p < .05), and satisfaction with meaningful activities had clinical significance. Qualitative themes included caregiving is a demanding role, writing down experiences helped caregivers take action, and caregivers reorganized daily activities. Although preliminary results showed a positive trend, the intervention was brief, and more research is needed to determine whether greater gains are possible, and can be sustained.
Acute Decrease in Flow in the Right Middle Cerebral Artery Detected by Transcranial Doppler Following High-Intensity Transient Signals in a Patient With Carotid Artery Dissection
Authors: Burkman Marilyn H. , Nicoletto Heather A. , Loochtan Aaron I. , Laskowitz Daniel T. , Dodds Jodi A.
Published: February 2019

We report a case of evolving multiple vascular dissections where transcranial Doppler with emboli monitoring provided evidence of hemodynamic compromise after microembolic high-intensity signals suggested a clinical change in a patient presenting with a single left carotid artery dissection and pseudoaneurysm. She initially presented with Horner syndrome and later developed signs of right-sided ischemia on maximal medical therapy necessitating carotid stenting.
Analysis of mRNA Expression Patterns in Peripheral Blood Cells of 3 Patients With Cancer After the First Fraction of 2 Gy Irradiation: An Integrated Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Nie Yue-Hua , Liu Xiao-Dan , Huang Ruixue , Xie Da-Fei , Yin Wen-Jun , Guan Hua , Yu Zi-Jian , Zhou Ping-Kun
Published: February 2019

Background:

Radiation therapy induces acute and chronic radiological toxicity, in particular hematological toxicity (HT). This study aimed to explore the mechanistic clue and potential predictors at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level.

Materials and Methods:

Peripheral blood was collected from 3 patients with cervical cancer (CC), nasopharynx cancer (NC), and tongue cancer (TC) after the first 2 Gy fraction of radiotherapy (RT). High-throughput sequencing was used to assess mRNA profiles.

Results:

Eleven genes, such as ALAS2(5-aminolevulinate synthase), SLC4A1(solute carrier family 4 member 1), HBG2(hemoglobin subunit gamma 2), TNFAIP3 (TNF α-induced protein 3), PER1 (period circadian clock 1), CCDC136 (coiled-coil domain containing 136), C9orf84 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 84), IL1B (interleukin 1β), FOSB (FosB protooncogene), NR4A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 4), PARP15 (polymerase family member 15), had overlapping expression changes in all 3 cancers of which 3 ( ALAS2, FOSB, and HBG2) are suggested as potential predictors for the early diagnosis of HT after RT.

Conclusions:

ALAS2, FOSB, and HBG2 may be useful predictors of HT in patients after RT. Eleven overlapping expression mRNAs among 3 cancers might be potential predictors for early diagnosis of radiation toxicity in patients.
Comprehension and recall from the informed consent process by phase I healthy volunteers before dose administration
Authors: Tadros Rami , Caughey Gillian E , Johns Sally , Shakib Sepehr
Published: March 2019

Aims/Background

A fundamental part of all clinical trials is informed consent, reflecting the respect for the volunteer’s autonomy. Research participation is voluntary; therefore, certain aspects of the proposed study must be disclosed so that volunteers can make an informed decision. In this study, we aimed to examine the level of comprehension and recall of healthy volunteers from the informed consent process.

Methods

The study was carried out at a single phase I clinical trials unit. A questionnaire was administered to each volunteer to assess recall of important aspects of the study at the day-1 visit following the informed consent process. The questionnaire contained seven questions regarding study objectives, route, frequency and type of drug administration, adverse effects, number of subjects previously exposed and remuneration. One point was awarded for each correct answer.

Results

A total of 266 volunteers were administered the questionnaire. The mean total score (±standard deviation) for all volunteers was 4.5 ± 1.1 points out of 7, with a range of 0.8–6.7. For all 10 studies, 91% of volunteers responded correctly when answering about the route of administration, and 90% were able to accurately state the correct payment amount. Only 7% were able to repeat the aims of the study correctly.

Conclusion

The poor performance of our study volunteers raises concerns about recall of information prior to study drug administration. This has implications for the volunteer’s safety and ability to provide true informed consent. Interventions to improve recall prior to dosing should be undertaken.
Addressing the ‘leadership conundrum’ through a mixed methods study of school leadership for literacy
Authors: Taylor Nick , Wills Gabrielle , Hoadley Ursula
Published: March 2019

This paper explores methodological insights from a mixed methods study that aims to understand how school leaders promote literacy development in their schools. The study findings consider both the complementarities and the challenges of the qualitative and quantitative approaches to measuring leadership practices and their linkages with learning across schools. We begin by identifying a conundrum in school leadership and management (SLM) research – strong effects found in qualitative studies and weaker effects in quantitative studies. From the literature we identify some of the central challenges that account for these differences. We then show how these challenges were and were not addressed in the mixed method research we conducted in an SLM study of South African primary schools in challenging contexts. We consider why the central aim of the study – to develop a scalable instrument for measuring SLM – remains elusive.
Accounting for power in transnational civic tech activism: A communication-based analytical framework for media practice
Authors: Wissenbach Kersti Ruth
Published: March 2019

This article examines the need for an explicit conceptualisation of communication in the field of social movement research in order to grasp power dynamics within transnational civic tech activism communities. Civic tech activism is an instance of organised collective action that acts on institutionally regulated governance processes through the crafting of technologies and tactics supporting citizens’ direct political participation. The article suggests a theoretical lens that introduces the de-westernisation discourse of communication scholarship to the theorising of media as practice in social movement research. This allows, I argue, revealing power asymmetries within civic tech activist communities, with respect to decision-making involving technology. Emphasising the need to account for these exclusionary dynamics, the analytical lens here suggested will introduce the concept of ‘acting within’ transnational civic tech activism.
Validity and reliability of the WIMU® system to measure barbell velocity during the half-squat exercise
Authors: García-Pinillos Felipe , Latorre-Román Pedro A , Valdivieso-Ruano Fernando , Balsalobre-Fernández Carlos , Párraga-Montilla Juan A
Published: March 2019

This study aimed at determining the reliability and concurrent validity of the WIMU® system when measuring barbell velocity during the half-squat exercise by comparing data with the gold standard. A total of 19 male competitive powerlifters performed an incremental loading test using the half-squat exercise. The mean velocity, mean propulsive velocity and maximum velocity of all repetitions were recorded through both WIMU and T-Force systems. As a measure of reliability, coefficient of variations ranged from 6%–17% and standard error of means ranged from 0.02–0.11 m/s, showing very close reliability of data from both devices. Validity, in terms of coefficient of correlations and pairwise comparisons, was also tested. Except for some relative loads, the Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between both devices for mean velocity, mean propulsive velocity and maximum velocity (r > 0.6, p < 0.05). The mean velocity, mean propulsive velocity and maximum velocity were underestimated for the WIMU system compared to T-Force data at some points of the load–velocity relationship. The linear regression models performed revealed a strong load–velocity relationship in the half-squat exercise for each individual using mean velocity, mean propulsive velocity and maximum velocity, regardless of the instrument used (R2 > 0.77 in all cases). Bland–Altman plots revealed low systematic bias (≤0.06 m s−1) and random error (≤0.07 m s−1) for the mean velocity and mean propulsive velocity obtained from the WIMU system as compared to the T-Force, while the maximum velocity resulted in an underestimation by the WIMU system (–0.16 m s−1) as compared to the linear position transducer system. The results indicate that the WIMU system is a reliable tool for tracking barbell velocity in the half squat, but these data also reveal some limitations regarding its concurrent validity as compared to the gold standard, with velocity measures slightly underestimated in the tested conditions.
Insights into the optimal use of ponatinib in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Molica Matteo , Scalzulli Emilia , Colafigli Gioia , Foà Robin , Breccia Massimo
Published: March 2019

There are five tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that are currently approved (in the European Union and the United States) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in the chronic phase (CP) and each of them has its own efficacy and toxicity profile. Oral ponatinib (Iclusig®) is a third-generation TKI structurally designed to inhibit native BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase and several BCR-ABL1 mutants, including T315I. Ponatinib is now approved for patients with CML who are resistant or intolerant to prior TKI therapy (European Union) or for whom no other TKI therapy is indicated (United States). Despite achieving results in heavily treated patients, which led to its approval, the drug may induce cardiovascular events, requiring a careful baseline assessment of predisposing risk factors and specific management during treatment. Pharmacokinetic analysis has indicated the possibility of reducing the starting dose of ponatinib to 15 mg/day and preliminary data showed advantages in terms of safety while maintained its efficacy. This review summarizes the results achieved and drug-related side effects reported in all clinical trials and real-life experiences, testing ponatinib in patients with CP-CML. In addition, we focus on the appropriate use of ponatinib in clinical practice suggesting some useful recommendations on the proper management of this drug.
An immigrant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presenting with a rash: A case report
Authors: Zhang Connie , Sander Megan A
Published: March 2019

A 58-year-old woman from Zimbabwe, with a history of untreated human immunodeficiency virus, presented with leonine facies and a diffuse rash. The rash occurred in the context of a 1-year history of constitutional symptoms and cognitive decline. Laboratory investigations confirmed that her human immunodeficiency virus had progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Through imaging, tissue biopsies, and polymerase chain reaction, a diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis was made. Since there was no history of travel and histoplasmosis is not locally endemic, the patient likely contracted this fungal infection more than 7 years ago, while living in Africa. We speculate that the histoplasmosis remained latent until her immune system began to decline. The work-up and management of this rare cutaneous presentation of a systemic disease, which should be added to the list of “great mimickers” in dermatology, are discussed.
Cholangiocarcinoma and hepatic myelolipoma incarcerated in a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia with pulmonary metastasis and carcinomatosis in a cat
Authors: Barge Pablo , Sebastián-Marcos Patricia , Martínez Miriam , Soler Marta , Gómez Serafín , Buendía Antonio , Agut Amalia
Published: February 2019

Case summary

A 14-year-old female neutered Persian-cross cat was presented with a 1 week history of anorexia and lethargy. On physical examination, marked tachypnoea and dyspnoea were evident. Radiographs of the thorax revealed a globoid-shaped cardiac silhouette with heterogeneous opacity consistent with a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH), pulmonary nodules compatible with metastasis, seven sternal segments and a small liver in the cranial abdomen with loss of serosal detail. On echocardiography, there was no evidence of cardiac tamponade. Triple-phase CT angiography demonstrated a mixed soft tissue-, mineral- and fat-attenuated liver mass arising from the left hepatic lobes that showed a pronounced heterogeneous contrast-enhancement pattern within the pericardial sac, which was producing a marked mass effect on the adjacent structures. Additionally, there was an increase in attenuation of the mesenteric fat and peritoneal effusion. The pulmonary nodules were confirmed. Imaging findings were compatible with a malignant hepatic neoplasia incarcerated in a PPDH, lung metastasis and carcinomatosis. Owing to the poor prognosis, the cat was humanely euthanased. Histopathological diagnosis was cholangiocellular carcinoma and hepatic myelolipoma, pulmonary metastasis and carcinomatosis.

Relevance and novel information

Hepatic cholangiocarcinoma incarcerated in a PPDH with pulmonary metastasis and carcinomatosis has not been previously described. Suspicion of a hepatic neoplasia should be raised in cases of PPDH and pulmonary nodules.
Initiating disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis: Measuring the decision process using decisional conflict and decisional regret scales
Authors: Wilkie DD , Solari A , Nicholas R
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Initiating disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major decision for people with (pw)MS but little is known about how the decision is perceived by the individual.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to determine if decisional conflict (DC) and decisional regret reflect different stages of the decision-making process when initiating DMTs.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of three cohorts of pwMS ( n = 254), a ‘MS conference attendees’, ‘on treatment’ and an ‘offered treatment’ cohort. Questionnaires assessing DC, decisional regret and control preference were performed.

Results

Forty-four per cent (113/254) of pwMS were dissatisfied with their treatment status and 53% (135/254) had DC. DC ( p = 0.013) and decisional regret ( p = 0.027) increase in treatment-naïve pwMS and also in those ‘offered treatment’ dissatisfied with their treatment status ( p < 0.0001), whilst those ‘on treatment’ have low Decisional Regret Scale (DRS) score ( p = 0.0005). DC and DRS were only correlated with treatment status in those on treatment and not in treatment-naïve patients. Forty-three per cent (58/135) pwMS satisfied with treatment had DC. DC ( n = 236, adjusted R2 0.137, p = 0.000) and DRS ( n = 235, adjusted R2 0.232, p = 0.000) were increased by dissatisfaction with treatment, lower potency treatment, being from the ‘MS conference attendees’ cohort and reliance on the doctor’s decision, with DC additionally associated with being employed.

Conclusions

DC and decisional regret vary in populations at different stages of initiating DMTs and are impacted by non-treatment issues.
The Neighborhood Context of Perceived and Reported Anti-White Hate Crimes
Authors: Drakulich Kevin , Fay-Ramirez Suzanna , Benier Kathryn
Published: March 2019

Hate crimes have received substantial scholarly attention, largely focusing on victims from marginal groups. Large numbers of White Americans also report being the victim of racial hate crime, though very little research has sought to examine the etiology or meaning of anti-White hate crimes. The present work explores the neighborhood context of hate crimes against non-Hispanic Whites in a majority-White city—comparing police reports with self-reported victimizations. Police reports of anti-White hate crimes are most common in areas that have high rates of nonhate crimes and residential instability. Perceptions of bias incidents, by contrast, appear largely driven by the racial composition. Hate crimes against members of dominant groups appear fundamentally distinct from hate crimes against members of subordinate groups and require separate theoretical models of their substantive meaning and etiology. In general, White residents appear to interpret the motivations for victimizations through a racial lens—attributing anti-White motivations most often when they live near larger numbers of Black neighbors—and reporting them most frequently in disorganized and higher crime places. Implications for theory and research on hate crimes, racial threat, anti-White racism, and the effect of the racial composition on perceptions of crime are discussed.
Health and Wellness Coaching Implemented by Trainees: Impact in Worksite Wellness
Authors: Blackwell Jared , Collins Michael , Scribner Christina , Guillen Jose , Moses Karen , Gregory-Mercado Karen
Published: February 2019

Background

Lifestyle change programs have demonstrated encouraging improvements in the overall well-being of participants in clinical, worksite, and university settings. However, the majority of published research utilizes accredited, professional health coaches. This study seeks to establish the efficacy of health and wellness coaching implemented by coaching trainees in a workplace/university framework.

Methods

University faculty, staff, and students were recruited (n = 74) to participate in an 8-week health and wellness coaching program comprised of 3 coaching sessions. The wellness coaches were undergraduate students enrolled in a university Health and Wellness Coaching practicum course. Participants reported satisfaction in 12 wellness dimensions. Their satisfaction scores were used as proxy to encourage them to focus their behavior change within 1 or more of 12 wellness dimensions. The self-reported wellness dimension scores were recorded at baseline, and subsequent changes in the selected dimension scores were evaluated. The control group received telephonic and video conference-based coaching, while the intervention group participants were also offered face-to-face coaching and social-embedded support.

Results

Participants most frequently selected to work on 2 of the 12-wellness dimensions. No differences between groups were found in the initial wellness scores. A statistical analysis was performed on dimensions with 20 or more responses to determine whether the intervention (social support), coaching session, and other variables had a significant impact. A mixed model adjusted on group, coaching session, coaching trainee, and participant was performed. The eating/nutrition and thinking wellness dimensions exhibited a significant positive change in wellness scores in both groups ( P < .001 and P < .0143, respectively).

Discussion

An increase in eating/nutrition and thinking wellness scores in both groups suggests that the coaching trainees were effective in motivating change to boost participants’ well-being. The results justify further research to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, approaches, and efficacy of coaching trainees in worksite wellness programs.
What Alters the Experience of Emerging Adulthood? How the Experience of Emerging Adulthood Differs According to Socioeconomic Status and Critical Life Events
Authors: Landberg Monique , Lee Bora , Noack Peter
Published: February 2019

The present mixed-methods study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and the experience of emerging adulthood (EA). In Study 1, the associations among SES, EA, and critical life events (CLEs) were explored. CLEs were examined as a mediator between SES and EA in a German sample ( N = 3,269). Participants’ educational attainment, SES, and occupation-related prestige were associated with the experience of EA. For example, lower SES was associated with higher perceived instability, with more experienced CLEs mediating this relationship. Lower SES was associated with a higher number of CLEs, which, for example, was related to more focus on others. In Study 2, interview data from emerging adults with low educational attainment who were engaged in vocational training ( N = 12) were analyzed. In addition to reporting many CLEs, themes regarding their perception of their current life phase were established, indicating that low-SES youth experience aspects of EA as well.
Nonconventional diabetes-related care strategies for patients with chronic kidney disease: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Clemens Kristin K , Kalatharan Vinusha , Ryan Bridget L , Reichert Sonja
Published: March 2019

Background:

Patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of diabetes-related complications. Diabetes care can support these individuals, but outpatient clinic appointments can be difficult to attend, given their already high burden of multimorbidity.

Methods:

We systematically searched the medical and grey literature for studies that evaluated the effect of nonconventional diabetes care strategies on diabetes-related outcomes in adults with stages 2–5 CKD or using dialysis (end of search December 30, 2017). We included both randomized-controlled trials and observational studies. Study selection and data extraction were completed by two independent reviewers. Diabetes-related outcomes included glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control, along with microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, and death.

Results:

After screening 2177 relevant citations, we identified 34 studies which met inclusion. The majority were observational studies. Studies were frequently small, single-centered, and excluded patients with more advanced CKD. Nonconventional diabetes care strategies included community-based care, unique self-management and education programs, nurse-led care clinics, dialysis-based diabetes programs, telemedicine, and interdisciplinary care clinics. Programs were most often developed by study investigators. Although there were limitations to several of the included studies, programs were described to have modest effects on physiologic outcomes, and in some cases, diabetes-related complications and death.

Conclusions:

Nonconventional diabetes-related care might be helpful to patients with CKD. Prior to developing and implementing programs, however, it will be important to study them more rigorously, understand their acceptability to patients, and evaluate their costs and feasibility in a real-world setting.
Structural properties and bonding characteristics of honeycomb structure of composite ZnMnO2 and activated carbon
Authors: Abdullah Bualkar , Nisyah An , Ilyas Sultan , Tahir Dahlang
Published: March 2019

Structural properties and chemical bonding of new composites (ZnMnO2 and activated carbon) with honeycomb structure have been studied by using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared. The composition of the powder of ZnMnO2 has been studied by X-ray fluorescence in waste derived from a conventional battery. X-ray diffraction data show that the average crystallite size and the dislocation density for the composite are 90.17 nm and 12.30 × 1013 m−2, respectively. The C–O and C=O bonding for composites seen shifted to the lower wave number of pure ZnMnO2 and activated carbon indicated size reduction as an effect of Zn or Mn in the site of activated carbon. In addition, the reflection loss was analyzed by vector network analyzer and shows reflection loss of about −21.72 dB, the frequency range being 4.40–4.59 GHz for a thickness of 6 nm. The honeycomb structure of composite ZnMnO2–AC in this study promises new types of composite materials for various applications.
Analyst Following, Country’s Financial Development, and the Selective Use of Graphical Information in Corporate Annual Reports
Authors: Melis Andrea , Aresu Simone
Published: March 2019

This article investigates whether and how the demand for information at country and firm levels affects the selective use of key performance indicators graphs in corporate annual reports. Our study finds that the country-level and firm-level demands for information provide an incentive, rather than a curb, for a selective display of key performance indicators, which is an important concern in corporate communication and reporting. The external pressure from the demand for information seems to encourage, rather than discourage, impression management. We suggest that annual report readers should use graphical information with caution as companies are likely to provide a self-serving, nonneutral, account of their performance in those contexts where the pressure to perform is higher.
Recruiting Adolescents from Medicaid Enrollment Files into a Neighborhood Oral Health Study
Authors: Basson A.A. , Yoo M. , Chi D.L.
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

Strategies are needed to improve recruitment of low-income adolescents into oral health studies.

Objectives:

In this study, we assessed the feasibility of recruiting Medicaid-enrolled adolescents into a neighborhood-level oral health study using Medicaid enrollment files and to evaluate the degree of bias in the final recruited study population.

Methods

We obtained Medicaid enrollment files from the Oregon Health Authority for 15,440 Medicaid enrollees aged 12 to 17 y from Multnomah, Hood River, and Tillamook counties. We attempted to contact the primary caregiver of each adolescent by telephone, and we tracked contact, recruitment, enrollment, and study completion rates. We further assessed if these rates were different across county-level rurality, neighborhood-level income, and caregiver-level language preference (Spanish vs. English). The Pearson chi-square test was used to compare rates (α = 0.05). We contacted 6,202 caregivers (40.2%), recruited 738 adolescents (11.9%), enrolled 335 (45.4%), and had complete data for 284 (84.8%). The overall enrollment yield from contacted caregivers was 5.4%. Contact rates did not differ significantly by rurality ( P = 0.897), but they were significantly lower in the lowest-income neighborhoods ( P = 0.023). Recruitment rates were significantly higher for adolescents from rural counties ( P = 0.001), but they did not differ by income or language preference. Enrollment rates were significantly higher among adolescents from rural counties ( P < 0.001) and were significantly associated with income ( P = 0.041), but they were not different by language preference ( P = 0.083). Among participants with complete data, there were no differences by rurality or income, but a significantly larger proportion of adolescents with complete data had caregivers with a language preference for Spanish ( P = 0.043).

Results and Conclusions:

It is feasible to recruit Medicaid-enrolled adolescents into a neighborhood oral health study through the use of Medicaid files. County-, neighborhood-, and caregiver-level factors may influence characteristics of the final study population. Additional research is needed to improve recruitment of Medicaid enrollees into neighborhood oral health studies.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

Researchers can use the results of this study to plan neighborhood-level oral health studies involving recruitment of low-income adolescents. Findings further underscore the importance of assessing factors related to recruitment to evaluate participant bias and the generalizability of study findings.