bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Bending Stability of Inclined Plate with Ribbed Stiffeners Considering Initial Imperfections
Authors: Song Bo , Cui Xiao Li , Luo Xiaoling
Published: December 2012

Considering actual steel structures as research background, with emphasis on the effect of initial imperfections, the bending stability of stiffened plates was analyzed by ANSYS finite element. The results show that the moment of stiffening rib are different with the angle changing, and the ability of channel steel is more reinforced than L angles steel. With the thickness of the plate simply supported on four sides decreasing, the influence of imperfection becomes more obvious and the initial imperfection decreases the deflections of the skew plates. Finally through the comparative analysis with monitoring results, the numerically simulated results have a certain reference value.
JK Panel, a Novel Three Dimensional Interconnected Reinforcement for Concrete Shear Walls
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Amin , Bahrami Rad Asghar
Published: December 2012

This study is devoted to introducing a novel structural wall reinforcement technique, called JK panel. JK panel is a specific 3D steel mesh with vertical and diagonal strips. The main feature of JK panel is its interconnected nature and closely spaced strips that leads to a high confinement for concrete. During this study, using finite element technique, behavior of JK panel is evaluated under monotonic loading. The main emphasis of the current study is on advantages of JK panels as shear wall reinforcement. Therefore, some different reinforcement details are compared with JK panel for one single wall constructed with lightweight EPS concrete. According to obtained results, JK panels can satisfactorily reinforce any concrete wall while they need lower development lengths and they have more redundancy and reliability compared to conventional separated rebars.
Analysis of Structural Parameters of MSCS on of the Overall Failure Probability of the Structure
Authors: Ye Jian Jun , Zhang Xun An , Wang Xian Jie
Published: December 2012

The randomness of value of tuned sub-structure mass and rigidity is comparatively large because of the needs of actual projects. Based on the dynamic characteristics and reliability of MSCS, the seismic response of the mega structure and the overall failure probability are discussed with the value of tuned sub structural mass and rigidity under different seismic intensity. It is shown that tuned sub structural mass and rigidity have significant affection on the overall reliability of structure, and seismic intensity has not interfere this regular pattern. Therefore, structural parameters of optimization which are referred to the regular pattern should be considered in the actual design in order to further enhance seismic capability of MSCS.
Analysis of Structural Deformation for ZW32 Vacuum Circuit Breaker on Outdoor Column
Authors: Xia Ya Long , Xu Bo Wen , Zhou Ling Hui , Xu Jian Yuan
Published: December 2012

In order to ensure the mechanical stability of outdoor vacuum circuit breaker, it is quiet necessary to study on the change of the mechanical behavior caused by the structural deformation during installation. A model of outdoor ZW32 vacuum circuit breaker is created by a three-dimension design software. Using the finite element analysis software to emulate whether the sliding chute on the bracket would be deformed when the box of circuit breaker has structural deformation. The result shows that the deformation would occur. Besides, after the circuit breaker keeps working for a period of time, the lubricant on the sliding chute decrease. So the drive rod and the operating system can't slide smoothly in the deformed sliding chute. As a result, the mechanical property of the circuit drops in a large extent and it cannot run smoothly.
Analysis of Dynamic Performance of Rigid Pile Composite Foundation
Authors: Sheng Gui Lin , Su Cai Li , Liu De Hui
Published: December 2012

The paper established 3-D finite element model, studied the response pattern of rigid pile composite foundation under earthquake loading with time history analysis method. According to similarity theory, this paper established rigid pile composite foundation pile group model, analyzed the response pattern of it with pseudo-dynamic test methods. And compared and analyzed the results which were obtained by different methods, based on these analyses, some conclusions which may be of some value for anti-seismic design of this type of composite foundations are drawn
Failure Modes of Bolted Steel-Wood-Steel Connections Loaded Parallel-to-Grain
Authors: Zhou Jun Wen , Huang Dong Sheng , Li Wen Hu , Liu Ai Hua , Shi Wei Cheng
Published: December 2012

Bolted steel-wood-steel connection is an important fashion of connections in timber structure, the manners of failure loaded parallel-to-grain include bearing, row shear-out, group tear-out and splitting, and the brittle failure modes are predominant in some tested results of bolted connections specimens. End distance, bolt spacing, row spacing and the thickness of wood have important influence on the failure modes, and meanwhile, the bolt diameter can not be neglected. Based on the different failure fashion, the equations of strength were given.
Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes: New Forms for Improved Confinement Effectiveness
Authors: Ozbakkloglu Togay
Published: December 2012

This paper reports on the development and testing of a new concrete-filled fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tube (CFFT) system. The CFFT system was designed to enhance the effectiveness of rectangular FRP tubes in confining concrete. The technique used in the development of the CFFT system involved the incorporation of an internal FRP panel as an integral part of the CFFT. The performance of the system was investigated experimentally through axial compression tests of six unique CFFTs. The results of the experimental study indicate that the new CFFT system presented in this paper offer significantly improved performance over conventional CFFTs with similar material and geometric properties. Examination of the test results have led to a number of significant conclusions in regards to confinement effectiveness of each new CFFT system. These results are presented and a discussion is provided on the parameters that influenced the compressive behavior of the new CFFT system.
ACSR Strands Stress Numerical Simulation
Authors: Qin Li , Li Jun Kuo , Fu Qiang
Published: December 2012

As an important carrier of electricity power, ACSR is a principal part of power system and is directly related to the transmission line reliability and safety. ACSR strands stress analysis is the foundation of studying ACSR mechanical properties. In this paper, finite element method is used to analysis the Acsr strands stress. The structural characteristics of Acsr is considered and the complete Acsr model is created by ansys to simulate the distribution of stress and strain under appropriate boundary conditions. The Conclusions are drawn that both the state of strands stress and the stress concentration level are related with its structural properties. The strands of out layers bears more stress and firstly comes into plastic strain. The results of the research is helpful to the further study of ACSR strength and conductor fatigue life.
Influence of the Structural Performance of Steel Tubular Scaffold Based on Measured Imperfection
Authors: Gao Hong , Gao Wu , Li Chun Xiao , Huo Xiao Xia
Published: December 2012

In order to study the impact of the measured defects on the structure and properties of steel tubular scaffold, the stochastic finite element theory is used to study the different effects of different defect structure.To accord to the random sampling method, Nine five projects under construction fasteners scaffolding works pipe is measured.In the the live 6m and 3m φ48 × 3.5 specifications 748 pipe wall thickness, diameter, initial bending raw data is random sampling tests. Article establish a structure commonly used rod defects random distribution of pipe wall thickness, diameter and initial bending deviation and the parametric statistical information,through the use of the probability statistical theory and methods,excluding abnormal data. The article explores and studies fasteners scaffolding structure in different fastener tightening torque (30N • m, 40N • m, 50N • m), ideal initial geometric imperfections 3L/1000, and the measured rod defects and defectof the structure carrying capacity and impact analysis, by means of analysis software, the use of the consistent defects modal method and random defects modal method. The results of the analysis show that the pole bending defects affect the carrying capacity of steel scaffolding structure defects . Measured defects affect the steel scaffolding structure, leading to serious security risks. It is necessary to strengthen the control rod defects. The results provide reliable information for the design and construction units.
Investigation of Key Column Parameters on Compressive Behavior of Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes
Authors: Ozbakkloglu Togay , Zhang Wen
Published: December 2012

A comprehensive experimental program has been underway at the Structures Laboratory of the University of Adelaide to investigate the behavior of concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFTs) under concentric compression. This paper presents the results from a group of selected circular CFFTs and discusses the influence of the critical column parameters on the compressive behavior of CFFTs. These parameters include: concrete strength, amount and type of FRP tube material, manufacturing method of the tubes, and size of the CFFTs. Results indicate that concrete strength and the amount and type of tube material significantly affect the behavior of CFFTs. The manufacture method of FRP tube also has some, but less significant, influence on the behavior of CFFTs. The influence of specimen size has been found to be small. No apparent difference has been found between the compressive behaviors of circular CFFTs and companion FRP-wrapped cylinders.
Seismic Analysis on the Large Span Exchanging Building
Authors: Lin Hai Yan
Published: December 2012

The conference center of the original structure of the frame structure, the ground floors.Now transform the functional requirements to construction, pumping column to the top of the structure to form a large space,Causing the vertical elements intermittent floors stiffness mutation irregular structure system.The basis for reinforced superstructure using SATWE conducted a multi-case earthquake under Elastic Compute using SAP elastoplastic analysis for validation.The analysis results show that the irregular structure, when reasonable structural arrangement, to take appropriate structural measures, the seismic performance to meet the regulatory requirements.
Buckling Analysis of Wind Power Tower Considering the Effect of Nonlinearity
Authors: Song Bo , Huang Shuai , He Wen Shan , Wei Wei
Published: December 2012

Based on the 3D finite element model of the wind power tower, buckling behavior of the wind power tower in different wind directions is analyzed, and the effect considering geometry nonlinearity and considering the material and geometry nonlinearity to the buckling analysis is studied. The results show when the ratio of the radius of the tower drum and the length of the element is 18.75, the calculated precision can reach 95%. Local buckling of the wind power tower first appears, and buckling load and displacement considering the material and geometric nonlinearity reduce 52% and 58% compared with that only considering geometry nonlinearity. The linear and nonlinear buckling load of the wind power tower which is 90° sidewind are 1.8 and 1.2 times than those facing the wind direction.
Research on Tensile Property and Manufacture of SHCC
Authors: Hu Chun Hong , Gao Yan E , Ding Wan Cong
Published: December 2012

Based on the previous test, SHCC (Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite) with the best fluidity was got through flow test, the different stress-strain full curves of SHCC were obtained by uniaxial tensile test on three dumbbell-shape specimens of SHCC with each group according to different diameter sand and different ages; and crack development was observed during test. The experimental results show that: The finer the sand sizes, the better the strain-hardening performance and more microcrack of SHCC that can be obtained; obvious strain-hardening characteristics of the specimens at different ages are all occured and the ultimate tensile strain can reach or even more than 3%. The crack spacing of various specimens are different, that is to say, there is difference in cracking characteristics among specimens at different ages. The experimental and analytical conclusion can provide a lot of theoretical bases for the research on performances of SHCC.
Combined Projects Explore the Development of Composite Slab
Authors: Yin Wan Yun , Liu Yun Lin , Zhang Yi , Ding Ke Wei , Jin Ren Cai , Liu Shou Cheng
Published: December 2012

General concept of composite slab and present situation of research and development, combined with 17 China Metallurgical Group Corporation of China and Anhui Institute of architecture industry research project on cooperative development of laminated slabs, summed up the new type of prestressed concrete composite slab structure and application of large-span laminated slabs of concrete, will be the future important direction of development.
Distribution Rule Analysis and Research of Wind Loads of Stadium by Numerical Simulation
Authors: Yin Zhi Xiang , Zhang Shuang
Published: December 2012

The most of Long-span stadium roofs are complex surface, the load norms cannot put forward the design requirements clearly in frequently. Determine wind loads need to use other means for help, while the numerical wind tunnel is one of the commonly be used to research methods in recent years. This paper introduces about the numerical simulation method of a long-span stadium roof surface wind pressure distribution , and based on FLUENT platform, a gymnasium as an example, the shear stress transport k - ω model (referred to as the SST k - ω model) on the roof surface wind pressure distribution of numerical wind tunnel simulation, analysis stadium roof surface pressure distribution law based on different wind directions.
Talking about the Importance of the Construction of the Reinforced Protective Layer Control
Authors: Hou Xin Ning , Zhang Yong Sheng
Published: December 2012

Reinforced protective layer to ensure the durability of reinforced concrete structures important tectonic structures plays a vital role. Reinforced concrete reinforced the lack of a protective layer will affect the durability of the components, in serious cases, the member failure early. Meticulous construction, requires not only the structure of acceptable quality, also require durability is better. This paper tries to force mechanism of reinforced concrete together, combined with years of construction practice, to talk about the importance of control in the construction of reinforced protective layer.
Experimental Study on Site-Built Reinforcing Rib Composite Wall under Low Cyclic Loading
Authors: Sun Wei Dong , Wang Ai Min
Published: December 2012

Site-built reinforcing rib composite wall is a kind of composite wall composed of reinforced concrete rib columns, rib beams and filling masonry. This paper mainly introduces the failure process and failure mechanism of this kind of composite wall under low cyclic loading. The wall has a good seismic performance and can be suitable for rural building structure.
Analysis on the Western-Style Structural System of Zizhulin Church
Authors: Liu Qing , Xie Jian , Ge An Xiang
Published: December 2012

Built in Chinese specific historical period, most western-style historical buildings have the western pattern and Chinese structural type. In many years of existence, they mostly face a grave situation because of the damages and risks in structural safety. To better protect them, an in-depth understanding is required. Taking Zizhulin Church in Tianjin as the case, it adopted the brick-timber structure, with local technologies and concepts applied in this church to achieve the western pattern. The well-planned layout and facade, the materials, as well as the constructional details are analysed, which are favorable for the vibration resistance. These analyses can provide reference for protection and repair of other similar western-style historical buildings.
Vibration Analysis of a Multi-Span Continuous Beam with Cracks
Authors: Liu Han Bing , Nguyen Huu Hung , Xiang Yi Ming
Published: December 2012

This paper deals with dynamic analysis of a multi-span continuous beam with an arbitrary number of cracks. This problem is solved by a hybrid analytical/ numerical method that is the basis for applying to a method of damage detection in the multi-span continuous beam later. In this paper, we calculate in detail about vibration frequencies, vibration mode shape of beam structure with cracks. The proposed method is the method that improved the transfer matrix method combined with the mode-superposition method. Only need to use two unknowns, this method can solve the problem of multi-span continuous beam with an arbitrary number of cracks. Calculation cases of beam with cracks and beam without cracks are compared with previous studies.
Experimental Study on Dynamic Performance of Mid-Rise Recycled Aggregate Concrete Shear Wall on the Shaking Table
Authors: Zhang Jian Wei , Cao Wan Lin , Dong Hong Ying
Published: December 2012

To ascertain the dynamic performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) shear walls, four 1/3 scale models, including three mid-rise shear walls with reinforcement ratio 0.25% but different recycled aggregate replacement rate, and one with reinforcement ratio 0.46% and 100% recycled coarse and fine aggregate, were tested on the shaking table. The testing process included elastic, cracking, and failure stage of the models. Dynamic characteristic and dynamic response of models at different stages were studied and the comparison between failure patterns of 4 models was also made. The shaking table test results show that the seismic performance of RAC mid-rise shear wall becomes worse with the increase of the recycled aggregate replacement. And the seismic performance of 100% recycled aggregate concrete shear wall gets a little higher with the increase of the reinforcement ratio.
On the Relation between Two Constitutive Models Frequently Adopted in Viscoplasticity
Authors: de Angelis Fabio
Published: December 2012

The constitutive models of plasticity and viscoplasticity are formulated in a unified framework by taking advantage of the appropriate mathematical tools of convex analysis and subdifferential calculus. Two viscoplastic constitutive models frequently adopted in viscoplasticity are analyzed, the Duvaut and Lions viscoplastic constitutive model and the Perzyna viscoplastic constitutive model. In literature these two models are frequently adopted as alternatives. In the present paper it is discussed on the relation between the two models and it is shown that, under certain conditions and assumptions, the Duvaut-Lions model may be considered as derived from the Perzyna model.
Wind Erosion at a Saline Playa Environment, Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang, China - A Case Study on the Source of Saline Dust Storm
Authors: Liu Dong Wei , Abuduwaili Jilili
Published: December 2012

In many arid and semiarid lands, dry lake beds (saline playa) represent a tremendous source of unconsolidated salt-rich sediments that are available for aeolian transport. Severe salt-dust storms caused by the erosion of such landforms have become very harmful natural phenomena. Base on texture and appearance characteristic, five principal undisturbed playa surfaces for sampling to investigate the deflation rate and the vertical distribution of material abraded using a wind-tunnel experiment in this study. Two additional field deflation monitoring transect were aslo established to examine vertical deflation by wind from measurements of erosion pins at the Ebinur (dry) Lake. The results indicate that winds greater than 8 m/s is the main factor for inducing the erosion of the playa sediments. Soft salt, aeloian sediment and alluvial deposit are the main sources of the saline dust storms in Ebinur region. The near-surface vertical distribution of material abraded concentrated in 0 -10 cm height. The annual wind erosion rate ranged from 0.48 cm to 5.6 cm in the northwest portion of the lake and from 0.24 cm to 0.96 cm in the southeast portion.
Analysis of the Crushing Effect about Ultrasound on E. coli and B. subtilis
Authors: Wang Xin Ying , Liu Yong Tao , Hui Min , Xu Ji Fei
Published: December 2012

Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as objects of the study, ultrasonic fragmentation acted on the bacterial cells in different growth stages, results showed that, it’s similar to the crushing effect of ultrasound on E. coli and B. subtilis cells of different growth stages, the highest crushing rate in the logarithmic phase, reached to 95.8% and 94.3% respectively, the crushing rate of adjustment phase is lowest, maintained at around 60%, the crushing rate stability cell was centered, which can be achieved 90%. The structure of the bacterial cell wall didn’t the main factor to decide the ultrasonic fragmentation effect, but different growth periods of bacterial cells did the determinant.
Study on early Warning Mechanism of Water Resources Security
Authors: Chang Ming Qi , Fan Yan Li
Published: December 2012

Early warning system of water resources security is a multi-level and complex system made of many factors. By analyzing current situation of water resources security early warning, operating mechanism of water resources security early warning system is put forward. Logic, time and knowledge related to operating mechanism are discussed. For early warning threshold decision is one of key technologies in water resources security early warning, warning threshold decision and warning degree classification of water resources security early warning are set forth. These methods are systematic method, control chart method, catastrophe theory method and expert decision method. Adopting the water resources security early warning system, situation can be analyzed and predicted promptly and effectively.
Research on the Corn Stalk Composite Solvent Liquefaction
Authors: Li Xiang Yu , Zou Yi Gang , Wu Jun Hua , Pang Jiu Yin , Shi Jun You , Ma Chu Nan
Published: December 2012

The northeast of China with rich sources of corn straw resources as raw materials, we take use of multi-component solvent as the liquefaction. Ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (200) and glycerol，the three kinds of solvent mixing for liquefacient. We got the optimum process conditions, which is reaction temperature is 160 °C, reaction time is 60 minutes, catalyst amount to total liquefied agent is 3%. On the product analysis shows that the solvent liquefied corn straw can be effectively degradation. The results indicated that the liquefaction products contains phenols, aldehydes, et al, such as carboxylic acid group material, which can be converted into the corresponding ether, ester etc polymer compound that can be used in plastic, building heat preservation etc partly replace at present, these resources products from petrochemical. Straw liquefaction can reduce dependence on fossil energy, and make up for a single energy products of the shortcomings of the economy, which have great significant strategic.
Ecological Effects of Mining Exploitation and Typical Technology of Ecological Restoration
Authors: Yang Sai Ming
Published: December 2012

Land reclamation in mine area starts later in China than developed countries, land reclamation rate is also lower, it urgently requests to explore land reclamation technology suitable for China's national conditions, in order to improve land reclamation rate and the production potential. This paper will systemicly analyzes ecological effects of mining exploitation and summarizes typical technology of ecological restoration in order to promote the further development of land reclamation in China.
The Study of Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics in Soil of Typical Urban-Industrial Wasteland
Authors: Chen Su , Chao Lei , Sun Li Na , Sun Tie Heng
Published: December 2012

This study chooses the industrial wasteland after the relocation of a metal processing factory in Shenyang, Liaoning Province of China as the research object. Based on level three soil heavy metal quality standards of Soil Environment Quality Standard (GB15618-1995) in China, the pollution levels of four heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper and zinc) in survey area are Cd> Cu> Zn> Pb; the Cd pollution is the most serious one, followed by Cu and Zn. The Pb content is low. Average comprehensive pollution index of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb in soil of the wasteland is 17.33, which belong to Grade V severe pollution. The most polluted point is J-12, followed by J-11 and J-16. The land utilization risk assessment of the wasteland should be strengthened, and appropriate and necessary repair measures should be taken, such as planting accumulative or tolerant plants.
Effects of Influent pH on Papermaking Black Liquor Treatment with WAO Method
Authors: Liu Yong Min , Shi Ce , Shang Ling Ling
Published: December 2012

Papermaking black liquor was processed with WAO method，Chroma of papermaking black liquor water was 1,250,000 times and COD concentration was7028 mg/L. Effects of influent pH on its treatment were researched. The CODCr, absorbance, turbidity and pH of effluent water were determined. COD removal, decolorization removal, turbidity removal were analyzed. The results showed that: treatment effects gradually weakened with the increase of influent pH in the treatment of papermaking black liquor with WAO method. Influent pH was in between 3.0 to 7.0 appropriate. When papermaking black liquor was processed by wet air oxidation after, COD removal, decolorization and turbidity removal basically improved with the extension of time, reaction time set at 60 min was appropriate.
The Architectural Applications and Design Methods of Gluebam
Authors: Liu Xiao Hu , Xiong Dan , Mu Wei , Liu Han
Published: December 2012

As a new building material, gluebam has aesthetic feeling and very good mechanical property. Gluebam provides possibilities of various designs for designers. Based on finished building examples, this article introduces gluebam’s applications as construction material, enclosure material and decoration matrial.Hoping through the introduction to expand professionals’ knowledge of gluebam’ performance and the understanding of gluebam, and promote more professionals especially designers into the research of gluebam building and material and facilitate the development of gluebam. This will further expand the application scope of the bamboo materials in the buildings, and to response the voice of the bamboo replacing wood in China.
Rapid In Vitro Propagation of Bioenergy Crop Miscanthus Sacchariflorus
Authors: Guo Hai Peng , Shao Ruo Xuan , Hong Chun Tao , Hu Heng Kang , Zheng Bing Song , Zhang Qi Xiang
Published: December 2012

Miscanthus sacchariflorus is an important perennial bioenergy feedstock, but no information is available regarding plant rapid propagation from in vitro seed grown plantlets. The present study investigates the effects of the types and combination of plant growth regulators on tissue culture system of M. sacchariflorus. Shoot apices from in vitro germinated seedling explants were tested for adventitious shoot proliferation. The highest level of proliferation (proliferation coefficient 11.66) was obtained when shoot apices were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.05 mg L−1 α–naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 3% sucrose, and 0.8% agar. The highest root number (13.33) and root length (9.67 cm) were obtained when adventitious shoots were cultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg L−1 NAA, 3% sucrose, and 0.8% agar. The efficient plant regeneration system developed here will be helpful for rapid propagation and further genetic improvement in M. sacchariflorus.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Different Biomass Materials and the Primary Biomass Components
Authors: Li Ya Bo , Zhang Xu Ming , Zhao Lei Qiang , Lu Qiang , Dong Chang Qing
Published: December 2012

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to study the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of three primary biomass components (cellulose, xylan and lignin) and seven different biomass materials under both of nitrogen and air atmosphere. Based on the experimental results, the pyrolysis and combustion kinetics were calculated. The results indicated that the three primary biomass components exhibited different decomposition characteristics and pyrolysis kinetics. Xylan was the least thermal stable component, while the lignin would form much more solid residues than the cellulose and xylan under the nitrogen atmosphere. Moreover, the pyrolytic devolatilization process of the cellulose had high activation energy, so was the char combustion process of the lignin. The seven biomass materials showed similar pyrolysis characteristics, and poplar wood exhibited high activation energy values in both of pyrolysis and combustion processes.
1-Octadecanol/SiO2 Hybrid Form-Stable Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Tang Bing Tao , Zheng Xi Xi , Qiu Mei Ge , Jia Chao , Zhang Shu Fen
Published: December 2012

1-Octadecanol/SiO2 hybrid material, as a novel form-stable phase change material for thermal energy storage, was prepared via the sol-gel method. The crystallographic, phase-change, structural, and thermal stability properties of the samples were well characterized by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermal gravimetry (TG). The results indicated that the 1-octadecanol/SiO2 hybrid material showed typical form-stable phase transition properties, e.g. suitable transition temperature (Tr=56.4 °C), high transition enthalpy (ΔH≥120.8 J/g) and good thermal stability. It is a functional hybrid material with good energy storage effect, and the heat storage mechanism of 1-octadecanol/SiO2 is the transfer between crystalline and amorphous states of the phase change component 1-octadecanol, and the silica serving as “cage-skeleton”, restricted the molecular chain of the 1-octadecanol’s free movement at high temperature. Thus, 1-octadecanol/SiO2 hybrid material can keep its solid state in the transition processing.
Design and Simulation of Stand-Alone Wind-Solar Hybrid Generating System
Authors: Wang Gang
Published: December 2012

A modularized stand-alone hybrid generating system is designed and its composition and working principle is illustrated; working principle of components of wind driven generator, photovoltaic array, storage battery and controller etc. are expounded and corresponding mathematical model is established. In addition, tracking and control measures of the maximum power point based on maximum power given method and perturbation and observation method is proposed and design of software of the system is offered. Finally, simulation of the system is studied based on SIMULINK, resulting in that the system can realize tracing and control of the maximum power point.
Intra-Day and Day-Ahead Wind Farm Output Forecasting Using Neural Network Ensembles
Authors: Fuser Alain , Copper Jack
Published: December 2012

Wind energy is an increasingly important component of a utility’s service offerings. Due to the intermittent nature of wind energy, the accuracy of wind farm output forecasts is critical to ensuring optimal integration of wind energy with other sources on a grid. GDF SUEZ has developed an innovative approach to improving the accuracy of wind farm output forecasts which involves developing ensembles of neural networks, each of which is tuned to the characteristics of its target area. An overview of neural network technology and the neural network ensemble modeling process is provided, along with preliminary results based on actual operating data from GDF SUEZ in Lyon France.
Research on Adaptive Current Protection of Wind Farm
Authors: Li Feng Ting , Su Chang Sheng
Published: December 2012

In allusion to the problems of convention current protection when it was used to collect circuit of wind farm, the relay protection should consider the short-circuit current of wind generators; The principle of adaptive current protection was described, the fault current and attenuation characteristic of asynchronous wind generator was studied, the scheme of adaptive current protection was proposed for wind farm operation. Taking PSCAD/EMTDC as the platform, simulation and record the voltage and current sample-data of different wind farm operation which can guarantee high sensitivity phase selection, the high accuracy wind generators impedance measure method based on FFT filter DC component is presented , and using MATLAB program achieved the scheme of adaptive current protection. Simulation results demonstrate that collect circuit adaptive current protection is adaptive wind farm operation model, and enhance the operation benefit of wind farm.
Energy Efficiency of Major Energy Consuming Countries
Authors: Wei Xin Qiang , Zhang Bao Sheng
Published: December 2012

This paper uses a total-factor framework to investigate energy efficiency in 22 major energy consuming countries, which consuming more than100 million tons of oil equivalent in 2010, including 14 OECD countries and 8 non-OECD countries. Two DEA models, total-factor energy efficiency model and energy-saving energy efficiency model, are used in this article to analyze the China’s energy efficiency for impersonality and comprehensive, and to find the energy efficiency difference between china and other countries, especially BRICS and neighbor countries.
Application and Efficiency Verification of Classical and Unconvetional Sorbents which Serve for Capture of Heavy Metals during Coal Combustion in Experimental Fluid Device
Authors: Němček Ondřej , Honus Stanislav , Juchelková Dagmar
Published: December 2012

The publication is engaged in the issue of individual sorbents efficiency during the sorption of heavy metals contained in the burnt gases from the brown coal. Used sorbents for experiments are active coal and semi coke created by pyrolysis process. The process of heavy metals sorption was tested at the vertical laboratory equipment that consists of the two fluid layers that are arranged serially. Within the actual issue in the area of emission limits, the research has been focused on arsenic and mercury sorption. The obtained samples were analysed at the laboratory and consequently, their efficiency was evaluated. The aim of the article is to find out a suitable methodologies and respective alternative materials to be used within the industrial production.
Optimization of Small Long Life Gas Cooled Fast Reactors with Natural Uranium as Fuel Cycle Input
Authors: Ariani Menik , Su'ud Z. , Monado Fiber , Waris A. , Khairurrijal  , Arif I. , Ferhat A. , Sekimoto H.
Published: December 2012

In this study gas cooled reactor system are combined with modified CANDLE burn-up scheme to create small long life fast reactors with natural circulation as fuel cycle input. Such system can utilize natural Uranium resources efficiently without the necessity of enrichment plant or reprocessing plant. Therefore using this type of nuclear power plants optimum nuclear energy utilization including in developing countries can be easily conducted without the problem of nuclear proliferation. In this paper, optimization of Small and Medium Long-life Gas Cooled Fast Reactors with Natural Uranium as Fuel Cycle Input has been performed. The optimization processes include adjustment of fuel region movement scheme, volume fraction adjustment, core dimension, etc. Due to the limitation of thermal hydraulic aspects, the average power density of the proposed design is selected about 75 W/cc. With such condition we investigated small and medium sized cores from 300 MWt to 600 MWt with all being operated for 10 years without refueling and fuel shuffling and just need natural Uranium as fuel cycle input. The average discharge burn-up is about in the range of 23-30% HM.
Characterization of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oil Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
Authors: Corriere Ferdinando , Peri Giorgia , La Rocca Vincenzo
Published: December 2012

Biodiesel from vegetable oils has been analyzed and its suitability for internal combustion engines has been assessed. The Standard biofuel’s characteristics have been investigated. Gas chromatography (GC) tests were carried out to characterize the fatty acid behavior. It was found that the mass percentage of saturated fatty acids did not change substantially with time, while unsaturated fatty acids increased with time for both B100 and B30. An increase in density for B100 and B30 with time was noted. Biodiesel density was within the standardization. The calorific values of biodiesel and its blend increased with time. Higher heating value for B100 increased from 41 to 43 MJ/kg while B30 increased from 44 to 45 MJ/kg.
A Comprehensive Study on Ground Source Heat Pump Applicability
Authors: Chen Jiu Fa , Gao Long , Chen Jun Wei , Chen Yi Bo , Xu Bao Jiang , Xiong Jian
Published: December 2012

Ground coupled heat pump (GCHP) technology has the energy saving potential, but closely related to the building ambient conditions. This paper studied the effect of climatic condition on the ground heat flow balance. A 4603 m2 floor area building was used as the base building and EnergyPlus software was used as the simulation platform. 73 cities from 5 climate zones in the great China region were selected to study the effect of climatic condition diversity on the ground heat balance. Based on the ground heat flow ratios 73 cities were grouped into 5 categories with different GCHP applicability. This paper provided a strategic assessment method on GCHP applicability study.
Performance Analysis of Induction Machines with Unconventional Winding Configurations
Authors: Muteba Mbika , Jimoh Adisa A. , Nicolae Dan V.
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the performance of fractional slots distributed windings (FSDW) and fractional slots concentrated windings (FSCW) of three-phase squirrel cage induction machines. The different windings have been designed and modeled using the same machine physical and electrical parameters. The Finite Element Model (FEM) of the machine for the different windings has been carried out. The results for the machine with FSDW and FSCW are compared to the results of the conventional double layer (CDL) with 8/9 chorded coil.
Design and Implementation of System Integration Method for Power Distribution and Consumption
Authors: Ye Jian Bin
Published: December 2012

Quantities of application systems with no unified model and interface standard exist in power distribution and consumption, which restricts intensive operation and management of electric power enterprise. Based on “Integration Study on Intelligence Power Distribution and Consumption Park Technology” (project number: 2011AA05A117) in 863 national scientific and technological project in 2011, the paper first analyzes characteristics of power distribution and consumption system and problems of current system integration method, then proposes a new integration and implementation method that is suitable for power distribution and consumption system, which gives practice principles for system integration of power distribution and consumption.
Risk Analysis of Smart Terminals in Mobile Application of Power System and the Protection Solution Design
Authors: Shao Zhi Peng , Lu Shi Da , Chen Mu
Published: December 2012

Introduce the status of mobile internet application in electric power corporations and current security protection methods. An in-depth analysis is made to demonstrate the possible hidden risks in the electric power smart terminals. Propose a set of electric power smart terminals protect solution and the implementation based on android operating system.
A Multiplex Data Acquisition System Applied in High Voltage Transmission Line Based on Electronic Transformers
Authors: Song Tao
Published: December 2012

A multiplex data acquisition system applied in high voltage transmission line based on electronic combined transformers is proposed in the paper. Employing an air-core coil for current measurement and current protection and a SF6 coaxial capacitance for voltage measurement, this paper proposes a method to acquisition signal based on the MSP430F1611 MCU and ADC AD7685. The data acquisition system can collect three channel analog signals (current measurement, current protection, voltage measurement) at the same time, and then pack the data, send them to the merging unit through the optical fiber. The multiplex data acquisition system is at the ground potential, so the optical power source could be abandoned and the reliability is effectively enhanced. The technology of multi-channel acquisition, high-speed communications, anti-electromagnetic interference are mainly introduced. Tests have been done and the experimental results show that this ECT meets the requirement of the 0.2s class for measurement and 5PTE for protection in IEC60044-8, voltage channel meets the requirement of the 0.2 level in IEC60044-7.
The Research and Design of Intelligent Community Energy Management System
Authors: Yang Yu Feng , Xi Yang Yang
Published: December 2012

Community energy management system is the development trend and an important part of the future intelligent community. For the construction objective, this paper introduces the general construction scheme of community energy management system, and the specific design schemes of the system's hardware structure, software architecture,communication mode are described in detail. The system will implement information integration and monitoring of the intelligent community, optimal allocation and coordinate control of energy, so as to provide users with safe and green electric power service.
The Design of Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter Based on Wavelet Transformation
Authors: Xiang Xin Jian , Lin Zhang
Published: December 2012

Arc-fault protection is a new circuit protection technology and its function is breaking the circuit in time when arc-fault appears and protecting distribution line from electric fire. This paper introduces the arc-fault signal characteristics, detection method and the hardware and software design of AFCI. Through analysis and research, arc-fault signal has asymmetry waveform: the positive and the negative half cycles, the waveform at the zero crossing of a steep shoulder and waveform characteristics. Wavelet transform can detect characteristics of arc-fault effectively. AFCI detects the signal of current by using the current transform and puts the current signal into MCU through the filter and amplifier. The software mainly uses the DB4 wavelet transform to process the arc-fault signal. The arc-fault detection is the advantages of accurateness, fast detection and low rate of wrong judgment.
Design of Three-Phase Voltage Source PWM Rectifier Using Feed-Forward Compensation
Authors: Zhu Qi , Shi Jing Bo
Published: December 2012

The basic principle of three-phase PWM rectifier is analyzed and the mathematic model is established.Based on traditional voltage and current double feedback loops control structure, according to the balance of power relations between the input and output,feedforward compensation control of the grid voltage component is added in current loop,and feedforward compensation control of the load current is added in voltage loop.The design methods of current regulator and voltage regulator are given. This control strategy is effective to improve dynamic response of DC bus voltage when the load or grid voltage changes.Finally,simulation results show the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed control strategy.
Design on Pulse Acquisition Circuits of Intelligent Distribution Network Digital Terminal
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Guo Bao
Published: December 2012

An intelligent distribution digital terminal pulse acquisition control system, based on C8051F021 chips as control core, is designed in this paper. The pulse acquisition circuit, RS485 communication circuit and other important parts are the control objects in this system. The system demonstrates the designing methods of hardware and software architecture by adopting the advantages of single-chip microcomputer combining hardware with software, thereby realizing multiple functions of the pulse acquisition system. This method provides a new idea to enhance the cost performance of pulse acquisition of intelligent distribution digital terminal.
Investigation of the Thermal Flow Field and Recirculation of a Direct Air-Cooled Condenser for a Large Power Plant
Authors: Zhao Wan Li , Li Qiu Yan , Wang Ling Hua
Published: December 2012

The thermal effect experiments were carried out of a direct air-cooled system in the low speed wind tunnel. The influence of effect factors on recirculation is also discussion, after that the relationship between the thermal flows field structure and recirculation ratio under the cooling tower is analyzed. At last, the engineering measures to reduce or avoid recirculation are proposed. For certain conditions the experimental measurement shows close agreement with numerical values.
Analysis of Energy Demand and Smart Grid Policy-Making Issues of China
Authors: Cai Sheng Xia
Published: December 2012

Energy demand is steadily increasing in the world. People face challenges to meet this demand. Smart grid technology is helpful to renewable energy utilization and thus is drawn more and more attention. This paper makes a comparison of several indicators among five countries or districts from 2002 to 2010. These indicators include energy use indicator, GDP per unit of energy use indicator, net energy imports indicator, CO2 emissions indicator, fossil fuel energy consumption indicator, and Alternative and nuclear energy indicator. From the trend analysis of these indicators, it can be seen that developing countries especially China has a rapid increase in energy consumption and have a high environment protection pressure. Hence smart grid development is an urgent task for China. Some issues in the development of smart grid are discussed and some policy suggestions are presented.
Optimum Design of Interior Permanent Magnet Motor for Automotive Cooling Device
Authors: Yu Ju Seong , Cho Han Wook
Published: December 2012

In this paper, we developed stator and rotor shapes of interior permanent magnet type brushless motor for automotive cooling device in order to obtain better performance than the prototype. Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed in this paper as an optimization method. Finite element computations have been used for numerical experiments on geometrical design variables in order to determine the coefficients of a second order model for the RSM. The optimum design results confirm that desirable improvements in cogging torque, back-EMF and THD are achieved.
Analysis and Study on Microgrid Planning Based IEEE 1547
Authors: Huang Xiu Qiong , Yang Da Wei , Yang Jian Hua , Tang Yun Feng , Yang Ren Gang , Zhang Jing , Feng Bin
Published: December 2012

Distributed resources and microgrids may be designed for power supply in some rural areas. Basic design requirements based IEEE 1547 and optimal plan methods of the microgrids are focused in this paper. Some technical specifications and requirements to design and plan the microgrids are introduced. An optimal plan model is discussed to provide the size of a hybrid, renewable energy generation based the microgrid with the goal of minimizing the lifecycle cost while satisfying the required capacity shortage probability of power supply. The conception and the configuration of a microgrid cluster are put forward. Moreover, the energy modeling software for the microgrids, HOMER is applied in the study based the microgrid project information and data at an island in the southern China.