bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of rotational surfaces in Euclidean space satisfying a linear relation between their principal curvatures
Authors: López Rafael , Pámpano Álvaro
Published: February 2020

We classify all rotational surfaces in Euclidean space whose principal curvatures κ1 and κ2 satisfy the linear relation , where a and b are two constants. As a consequence of this classification, we find closed (embedded and not embedded) surfaces and periodic (embedded and not embedded) surfaces with a geometric behaviour similar to Delaunay surfaces. Finally, we give a variational characterization of the generating curves of these surfaces.
Stress is Associated with Adiposity in Parents of Young Children
Authors: Hruska Valerie , Ambrose Tory , Darlington Gerarda , Ma David W. L. , Haines Jess , Buchholz Andrea C. ,   on behalf of the Guelph Family Health Study
Published: February 2020

Objective

This study investigated associations between stress (general stress, parenting distress, and household chaos) and adiposity among parents of young children.

Methods

The sample consisted of 49 mothers and 61 fathers from 70 families with young children living in Ontario, Canada. Linear regression using generalized estimating equations was used to investigate associations between stress measures and BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR), and percent fat mass.

Results

General stress was significantly associated with BMI ( = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.04‐1.03) and WC ( = 1.44; 95% CI: 0.10‐2.77). Parenting distress was significantly associated with BMI ( = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.02‐0.31), WC ( = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.04‐0.75), and WHtR ( = 0.003; 95% CI: 0.001‐0.005). Household chaos was significantly associated with all adiposity measures (BMI:  = 0.20 [95% CI: 0.08‐0.33]; WC:  = 0.48 [95% CI: 0.21‐0.75]; WHtR:  = 0.003 [95% CI: 0.001‐0.005]; percent fat mass:  = 0.29 [95% CI: 0.08‐0.49]).

Conclusions

General stress, parenting distress, and household chaos are associated with adiposity among parents of young children. Future research should elucidate mechanisms by which this occurs and elucidate how this risk may be mitigated.
Liquid‐Phase Quasi‐Epitaxial Growth of Highly Stable, Monolithic UiO‐66‐NH2 MOF thin Films on Solid Substrates
Authors: Hashem Tawheed , Valadez Sánchez Elvia P. , Weidler Peter G. , Gliemann Hartmut , Alkordi Mohamed H. , Wöll Christof
Published: February 2020

High quality, monolithic UiO‐66‐NH2 thin films on diverse solid substrates have been prepared via a low temperature liquid phase epitaxy method. The achievement of continuous films with low defect densities and great stability against high temperatures and hot water is proven, clearly outperforming other reported types of MOF thin films.
Double‐blinded, randomized, and controlled study on the effects of canagliflozin after bariatric surgery: A pilot study
Authors: Kashyap Sangeeta R. , Kheniser Karim , Aminian Ali , Schauer Philip , Le Roux Carel , Burguera Bartolome
Published: February 2020

Setting

Bariatric surgery is indicated for patients diagnosed with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Many patients achieve type 2 diabetes remission soon after bariatric surgery. Even though most maintain good glycemic control, remission is not maintained in all patients, and as a result, some patients may relapse. Type 2 diabetes relapse is common in patients who regain weight; weight regain is prevalent 1 to 2 years after surgery. Additional pharmacotherapy may be required to aid bariatric surgery in fostering weight loss and reducing blood glucose levels.

Objectives

The purpose of this clinical trial was to determine the effects of canagliflozin in participants who initially achieved type 2 diabetes remission but subsequently relapsed.

Methods

The double‐blinded, randomized, and prospective study recruited participants (n = 16) roughly 3 years after bariatric surgery. The participants were followed for 6 months.

Results

Body mass index (−1.24 kg/m2) and body weight (−3.7 kg) were significantly reduced with canagliflozin therapy versus placebo. There were improvements in body fat composition as denoted by reductions in android (−3.00%) and truncal (−2.67%) fat. Also, there were differences in blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C at 6 months.

Conclusion

After bariatric surgery, canagliflozin improved weight loss and glycemic outcomes in participants with type 2 diabetes. Canagliflozin also facilitated improvements in body fat composition.
Effect of natural basalt fiber for EVA composites with nickel alginate‐brucite based flame retardant on improving fire safety and mechanical properties
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Shi Hui , Zhu Pinlei , Wei Yuanjie , Wei Ping , Hao Jianwei
Published: February 2020

The natural basalt fiber (BF) was incorporated into EVA composites with environmental‐friendly nickel alginate‐brucite based flame retardant (NiFR), to further improve the flame‐retardant effect and mechanical properties. The flame retardancy of EVA composites were characterized by LOI, UL 94, and cone test. With 55 wt% loading, 3BF/52NiFR had the highest LOI value of 31.9 vol.% in all fiber reinforced composites and pass UL 94V‐0 ratting. And comparing to 55B composite with untreated brucite, 3BF/52NiFR decreased peak of heat release rate by 47.8%, total heat release by 21.9%, and total smoke production by 35.5% and kept more residue 54.0% during cone test. Moreover, 3BF/52NiFR also enhanced the mechanical properties of composites by better compatibility with EVA matrix. BF/NiFR exert synergistic flame‐retardant effect major in promoting charring effect in condensed phase during combustion. The fire‐resisted and rigid BF into the char layer reinforced the intensity of protective barrier which prolonged the residence time of pyrolysis carbonaceous groups degraded from EVA matrix, resulting in less heat and smoke release.
Using data to improve the care of people with diabetes across Oxfordshire
Authors: Rea Rustam D , Lumb Alistair , Tan Garry D , Owen Katharine , Thanabalasingham Gaya , Latif Amar , Swan Paul , Scott James , Jones David , Gillott Emily , Smith Rosemary Honour
Published: February 2020

Data from GP practices and hospital trusts have long been used to understand the quality of care received by people with diabetes. However, annual data collection is too infrequent to see what difference rapid changes in practice make to diabetes care. We developed a diabetes dashboard modelled on the National Diabetes Audit (NDA), which provided monthly updates on key care components. The data were displayed at both individual GP level as well as at a Locality level (now called primary care network [PCN] level) and clinical commissioning group (CCG) level. Discussion about the dashboard was incorporated into regular GP practice visits by diabetes consultants and community diabetes specialist nurses which occurred twice a year to nearly every GP practice in the CCG. Twice‐yearly Locality meetings also reviewed the data at Locality level and provided a forum for sharing ‘best practice’. Over the last two years significant improvements have been seen, particularly in the achievement of the eight key care processes and the attendance at structured education within one year of diagnosis.

The diabetes dashboard has been integral in the improvement of care for people with diabetes in Oxfordshire. It continues to evolve with data now displayed at PCN level and ongoing work to align the dashboard with the NDA coding. The dashboard was most effective when used within the context of supportive clinical engagement.
Sensitivity to fluensulfone of inactivated Meloidogyne spp. second‐stage juveniles
Authors: Oka Yuji
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Nonfumigant nematicide efficacy is affected by several factors, such as nematode species and environmental conditions. However, the influence of nematodes' physiological status on nematicide efficacy is unknown. Inactive nematodes, such as those in quiescence or dormancy, seem to be more tolerant to nematicides than active ones. Second‐stage juveniles of Meloidogyne species were inactivated by low temperatures and reversible nematicides before and during exposure to fluensulfone. The sensitivity of inactive juveniles to fluensulfone the nematicide was compared to that of active juveniles by EC50 (median effective concentration) for juvenile immobilization and root gall reduction.

RESULTS

Inactivating Meloidogyne hapla and Meloidogyne javanica juveniles at 5 °C increased the EC50 (median effective concentration) of fluensulfone for immobilization of and root galling by Meloidogyne spp. 3.6 to 9.5 times. When the exposure temperature was decreased from 25 to 15 °C, EC50 for M. javanica root gall reduction after 24 and 48 h exposure increased 3.1 and 4.9 times, respectively, whereas for M. hapla, it increased 2.3 and 2.0 times, respectively. Juveniles of M. javanica and M. incognita immobilized by fenamiphos were as sensitive to fluensulfone as active juveniles based on the number of root galls. However, juveniles of these species immobilized by fluopyram were more tolerant to fluensulfone than untreated active juveniles. An interaction of fluopyram and fluensulfone activities is suggested.

CONCLUSION

Changes in the sensitivity of inactive Meloidogyne spp. juveniles to fluensulfone depend on the inactivation method. Fluensulfone could be better applied when nematodes are active in the soil. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Bronchial artery embolization for haemothorax and haemoptysis caused by primary lung cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Shota , Kamei Shunsuke , Kondo Yusuke , Hiraiwa Shinichiro , Hasebe Terumitsu , Sakamaki Fumio
Published: February 2020

Primary lung cancer (PLC) presents with various symptoms. However, there have been no reports of PLC causing haemothorax and haemoptysis simultaneously. We present an unusual case of massive haemothorax and haemoptysis caused by a PLC, in which haemostasis was secured with interventional radiology. A 58‐year‐old woman was hospitalized for a right secondary pneumothorax associated with emphysema. Chest computed tomography showed a mass shadow at the right lower lobe and on the right parietal pleura. Three days after air drainage, about 2000 mL of bloody pleural effusion accompanied by massive haemoptysis was observed. Haemoglobin concentration decreased to 4.9 g/dL and the patient was treated with selective embolization of the bronchial artery and the intercostal arteries. A diagnosis of PLC was made based on pleural fluid cytology. The patient was transferred to the palliative care hospital three months later without recurrence of haemothorax and haemoptysis.
Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Chang Ding‐Yu , Lin Kun‐Chang , Pan Jun‐Yen , Liu Hung‐Wei , Kuo Shu‐Hung , Lee Lin
Published: February 2020

Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma is a rare disorder arising from the intima of the pulmonary artery. Histopathology reveals that it is a tumour cell of mesenchymal origin. The signs and symptoms include chronic shortness of breath and other features of right ventricular failure, which mimic chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. The definitive diagnosis can rarely be made based on the symptoms and signs alone, and other investigations including echocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) are often required. The gold standard for diagnosis is tissue biopsy. The mainstay for treatment is surgery, and complete surgical resection with endarterectomy provides survival benefit. According to recent evidences, however, multimodal treatment provides better survival outcomes than monotherapy such as surgery alone. Despite the newer upcoming treatment strategies, patients with pulmonary intimal sarcoma continue to have a poor prognosis. We present a case of pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma and review the literature associated with the disease.
Magnetism‐Structures Relationship of 3,5‐Heptanedione Dy(III) SMMs Based on the Nitrogen‐Containing Auxiliary Ligand
Authors: Dong Yanping , Fan Siqi , Li Guangming
Published: February 2020

Two new 3, 5‐heptanedione (β‐diketonate) dysprosium complexes, namely, [Dy(L)3(phen)] (1) and [Dy(L)3(tmphen)] (2), have been designed and isolated by reactions of 3, 5‐heptanedione with dysprosium chloride and auxiliary ligand under room temperature (L=3, 5‐heptanedione, phen=1, 10‐phenanthroline, tmphen=3, 4, 7, 8‐tetramethyl‐1, 10‐phenanthroline). X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals that complexes 1 and 2 are mononuclear, and the Dy(III) ions are eight coordinated forming the square‐anti‐prismatic geometry. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by various means including elemental analysis, IR and UV spectroscopy. Magnetic studies indicate that both complexes 1 and 2 are single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) under zero dc field. Notably, the auxiliary ligand plays an essential role in regulating their magnetism, which result in the essential magnetism difference between complexes 1 and 2.
Utilization of 5‐Chloro‐2‐(cyanoacetamido)pyridines in the Synthesis of Biologically Active Heterocyclic Hybrids
Authors: Abdel‐Latif Ehab , Alashhab Rabia E. , El‐Demerdash Amr , Ismail Mohamed A.
Published: February 2020

A simple synthesis for a series of chloropyridine derivatives incorporating heterocyclic hybrids has been accomplished. The key reaction involving employment of 5‐chloro‐2‐(cyanoacetamido)pyridines 3 in the synthesis of chloropyridinyl‐pyridone, chloropyridinyl‐pyrazole, chloropyridinyl‐thiazole and chloropyridinyl‐thiophene hybrids. The newly synthesized heterocycles were evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains. 3‐Amino‐N‐(3,5‐dichloropyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide (12 b) was found to be the most potent compound against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus exhibiting inhibition percent of 92.3 % and 100 %, respectively, when compared to the standard drug ampicillin. Moreover, compound 12 b displayed the most significant antioxidant activity with percent inhibition 87.8 % which is close to the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid.
Middle Permian fusulines from the Thitsipin Formation of Shan State, Myanmar and their palaeobiogeographical and palaeogeographical implications
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Chun , Aung Kyi Pyar , Shen Shu‐Zhong , Zhang Hua , Zaw Than , Ding Lin , Cai Fu‐long , Sein Kyaing
Published: February 2020

Fusuline faunas including 29 species belonging to 19 genera/subgenera are described from the Thitsipin Formation in eight sections/localities on the Shan Plateau in eastern Myanmar. These fusulines broadly indicate a Midian (middle Permian, Guadalupian) age. The lower diversity and the presence of some genera, such as Monodiexodina and Eopolydiexodina, suggest that the Sibumasu Block belonged to the palaeobiogeographic Cimmerian Province during the Midian. Furthermore, quantitative cluster analysis of middle Permian fusulines from the Shan Plateau and adjacent Cimmerian blocks suggests close faunal affinities between the Sibumasu Block and the Baoshan Block in western Yunnan. More importantly, the widespread occurrence of fusulines Eopolydiexodina afghanensis and Jinzhangia shengi on the Shan Plateau is similar to that of contemporaneous fusuline faunas from the Baoshan Block and the South Qiangtang Block but different to that of the Tengchong and Lhasa Blocks, which are dominated by the characteristic Nankinella–Chusenella assemblage. This faunal discrepancy provides strong evidence that the Bangong–Nujiang suture passes through the Gaoligong Orogen in western Yunnan rather than through the Myitkyina ophiolites in northern Myanmar. Additionally, palaeobiogeographical analysis of these fusuline faunas from the Lhasa, Tengchong, South Qiangtang, Baoshan and Sibumasu Blocks implies that the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean might have been present before the Midian.
Superpotential of three dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 heterotic supergravity
Authors: de Ia Ossa Xenia , Larfors Magdalena , Magill Matthew , Svanes Eirik E.
Published: February 2020

Abstract

We dimensionally reduce the ten dimensional heterotic supergravity action on spacetimes of the form

$$ \mathcal{M} $$

M

(1, 2) x Y, where

$$ \mathcal{M} $$

M

(1, 2) is three dimensional maximally symmetric Anti de Sitter or Minkowski space, and Y is a compact seven dimensional manifold with G
2 structure. In doing so, we derive the real superpotential functional of the corresponding three dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 theory. We confirm that extrema of this functional correspond to supersymmetric heterotic compacti:fications on manifolds of G
2 structure in the large volume, weak coupling limit to first order in a'. We make some comments on the role of the superpotential functional with respect to the coupled moduli problem of instanton bundles over G
2 manifolds.
Spectrum of the reflection operators in different integrable structures
Authors: Kotousov Gleb A. , Lukyanov Sergei L.
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The reflection operators are the simplest examples of the non-local integrals of motion, which appear in many interesting problems in integrable CFT. For the so- called Fateev, quantum AKNS, paperclip and KdV integrable structures, they are built from the (chiral) reflection S-matrices for the Liouville and cigar CFTs. Here we give the full spectrum of the reflection operators associated with these integrable structures. We also obtained a relation between the reflection S-matrices of the cigar and Liouville CFTs. The results of this work are applicable for the description of the scaling behaviour of the Bethe states in exactly solvable lattice systems and may be of interest to the study of the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble associated with the above mentioned integrable structures.
Association of cancer progression with elevated expression of programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 by upper tract urothelial carcinoma and increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density
Authors: Nukui Akinori , Kamai Takao , Arai Kyoko , Kijima Toshiki , Kobayashi Minoru , Narimatsu Takahiro , Kambara Tsunehito , Yuki Hideo , Betsunoh Hironori , Abe Hideyuki , Fukabori Yoshitatsu , Yashi Masahiro , Yoshida Ken-Ichiro
Published: February 2020

Background

Increased expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) by tumor cells is thought to be a mechanism through which solid cancers promote immune tolerance. However, the association between PD-L1 expression and the prognosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remains unknown.

Methods

We examined immunohistochemical PD-L1 expression and the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density (TILD) in 79 patients with UTUC who underwent nephroureterectomy. We classified the tumors into four types based on the combination of PD-L1 expression and TILD, and studied the clinicopathological characteristics of these four tumor types.

Results

Elevated expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells and a higher TILD were associated with a worse histological grade, higher pT stage, and higher peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Elevated expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells, a higher TILD, and type I, III, or IV tumors with elevated expression of either PD-L1 or TILD showed a positive correlation with poorer differentiation and local invasion. These three variables were associated with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival in univariate analysis, but only the latter was an independent determinant according to multivariate analysis. The patients who had type II tumors with lower PD-L1 expression and a lower TILD showed more favorable survival than the other three groups.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that PD-L1 expression and TILs in the tumor microenvironment influence the progression of UTUC. Accordingly, it is important to understand the immunologic characteristics of the tumor microenvironment to develop more effective treatment strategies for this cancer.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach for the Treatment of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: Long‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Cienfuegos Javier A. , Hurtado‐Pardo Luis , Valentí Víctor , Landecho Manuel F. , Vivas Isabel , Estévez Mateo G. , Diez‐Caballero Alberto , Hernández‐Lizoáin José Luis , Rotellar Fernando
Published: February 2020

Background

Latero‐lateral duodenojejunostomy is the treatment of choice for superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS). The present study analyzes the long‐term outcomes in 13 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for SMAS.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study of 10 females and three males undergoing surgery between 2001 and 2013 was performed. Demographic, clinical and radiologic data and long‐term surgical outcomes were recorded. In 12 patients latero‐lateral duodenojejunostomy and in one patient distal laparoscopic gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction were performed. The median age was 24 years (20–28), and the median duration of symptoms was 24 months (5–24). The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain (n = 11; 92.3%), nausea and vomiting (n = 10; 77%) and weight loss (n = 9; 69.2%). The median operating time was 98 min (86–138) and hospital stay was 3 days (1–14).

Results

No reconversions occurred, and one patient experienced gastric emptying delay in the immediate postoperative period with spontaneous resolution. In four patients, SMAS was associated with severe stenosis of the celiac trunk which was treated in the same operation, and four patients presented stenosis of the left renal vein (the “nutcracker” phenomenon). With a median follow‐up of 94 months (SD 65.3), eight patients (61.5%) had excellent results. One patient had a relapse of symptoms 4 years after surgery requiring distal gastrectomy, two patients presented delay in gastric emptying following temporary improvement and one patient experienced no improvement.

Conclusions

Latero‐lateral duodenojejunostomy yields good results in SMAS although it requires other gastric motility disorders to be ruled out for appropriate treatment to be established.
Analysis of the wall shear stress in a generic aneurysm under pulsating and transitional flow conditions
Authors: Bauer Andreas , Bopp Maximilian , Jakirlic Suad , Tropea Cameron , Krafft Axel Joachim , Shokina Nina , Hennig Jürgen
Published: February 2020

In this study, the flow through a generic abdominal aneurysm under realistic pulsating flow conditions is examined with magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV), laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The influence of flow phenomena on the wall shear stress (WSS) is examined. It is seen that a strong vortex ring develops during systole at the proximal end of the aneurysm and subsequently travels downstream and decays. The vortex formation plays a major role in the temporal and spatial distribution of the WSS, which is analyzed in detail. A peak of the WSS is observed for a very limited time and in a very localized region where the vortex ring initially develops. The intrinsic temporal averaging during the acquisition of the MRV data is found to significantly decrease this peak. CFD and LDV results, which are averaged in the same manner, show a similar behavior. This indicates that besides the spatial resolution, the temporal resolution is a crucial factor, which needs to be considered especially in flows where vortex rings are observed. Results from LDV and CFD show excellent agreement for the velocity field obtained by MRV. While the flow is found to be laminar in the undilated diameter, results show laminar–turbulent transitional behavior for specific phases of the cycle within the aneurysm bulk. Although MRV is not capable of measuring instantaneous velocity fluctuations, we show that the periodic increase in turbulence intensity can be observed from image artifacts in the MRV data. These artifacts increase the velocity uncertainty, which correlates well with the velocity fluctuations measured with LDV. Although the flow encounters laminar and transitional conditions as well as multiple vortices and stagnation and reattachment points, the improved instability-sensitive Reynolds stress model, which is used for the numerical simulations of this work, shows very good agreement with the measurements. Significant effort has been expended by numerous research groups in recent years in improving the estimation of WSS from MRV data. However, an assessment of these various post-processing methods is only possible if the true values of the WSS are known. The present study is therefore aimed at providing such ground truth WSS values as well as the corresponding MRV data, allowing also other research groups to validate their WSS estimation methods using the experimental data set presented in this work.

Graphic Abstract
Multidisciplinary team management for prevention of pneumonia and long-term weight loss after esophagectomy: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Kawata Sanshiro , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Shirai Yuka , Watanabe Kouji , Nagafusa Tetsuyuki , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Kamiya Kinji , Takeuchi Hiroya
Published: February 2020

Background

In April 2017, we launched the multidisciplinary Hamamatsu Perioperative Care Team (HOPE) for all surgical patients. We developed a reinforced intervention strategy, particularly for esophagectomy. We herein report the outcomes of the HOPE at 2 years after commencement.

Methods

A total 125 patients underwent esophagectomy and gastric conduit reconstruction for esophageal or esophagogastric junction cancer between January 2014 and December 2018 at the Department of Surgery in Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. The patients were divided into the pre-HOPE group including 62 patients who underwent esophagectomy before the introduction of the HOPE and the HOPE group including 63 patients who underwent esophagectomy after the introduction of the HOPE. The outcomes of surgery were compared between the two groups.

Results

There were no significant differences in the clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups. The incidence rates of atrial fibrillation and pneumonia were significantly lower in the HOPE group than in the pre-HOPE group (6% vs. 19%, p = 0.027 and 14% vs. 29%, p = 0.037, respectively). The estimated calorie doses at the time of discharge were approximately 750 and 1500 kcal/day in the pre-HOPE group and the HOPE group, respectively. The body weight loss was significantly less in the HOPE group than the pre-HOPE group at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively than that before the surgery (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The introduction of the multidisciplinary HOPE was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative pneumonia and significantly less weight loss.
Addressing Intimate Partner Violence and Power in Intimate Relationships in HIV Testing Services in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Haberland Nicole , Ndwiga Charity , McCarthy Katharine , Pulerwitz Julie , Kosgei Rose , Mak’anyengo Margaret , Peltz Amelia , Wong Vincent J. , Kalibala Sam
Published: February 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) undermines women’s uptake of HIV services and violates their human rights. In a two-arm randomized controlled trial we evaluated a short intervention that went a step beyond IPV screening to discuss violence and power with women receiving HIV testing services during antenatal care (ANC). The intervention included training and support for HIV counselors, a take-home card for clients, and an on-site IPV counselor. One third (35%) of women (N = 688) reported experiencing IPV in the past year; 6% were living with HIV. Among women experiencing IPV, program participants were more likely to disclose violence to their counselor than women receiving standard care (32% vs. 7%, p < 0.001). At second ANC visit, intervention group women were significantly more likely to report that talking with their counselor made a positive difference (aOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.8, 4.4; p < 0.001) and felt more confident in how they deserved to be treated (aOR 2.7; 95% CI 1.7, 4.4; p < 0.001). Exploratory analyses of intent to use ARVs to prevent mother-to-child transmission and actions to address violence were also encouraging.
Checklist of the hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) fauna of Hungary with emphasis on host-associations and the emergence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Authors: Hornok Sándor , Kováts Dávid , Horváth Gábor , Kontschán Jenő , Farkas Róbert
Published: February 2020

Hungary is situated in the southern part of Central Europe, next to the northern boundary of the Mediterranean region. This geographical position may allow the northward expansion of Mediterranean ixodid tick species into Hungary, particularly in the era of warming climate. During the past 14 years numerous surveys have been published on the species and activity of hard ticks occurring in the country. However, it was 60 years ago that the last comprehensive review of ixodid ticks of Hungary was published, and only in Hungarian language. The purpose of the present checklist is to provide a comprehensive and complete overview of the ixodid fauna of Hungary, based on tick reports published so far in Hungarian or English, also including hitherto unpublished data. Altogether 27 hard tick species were identified in Hungary, of which 21 can be regarded as indigenous. Most importantly, the autochthonous occurrence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was not known prior to 2005, but during the last 14 years increasing numbers of cases have been reported, attesting the emergence of this tick species in Hungary. Whereas R. sanguineus sensu lato was always associated with dogs and cats in Hungary, other tick species show differences in host associations according to habitat type, seasonal activity and questing height. Changes in the distribution, abundance and seasonality of a few tick species were also noted.
Fully Correlated Stochastic Inter-Particle Collision Model for Euler–Lagrange Gas–Solid Flows
Authors: van Wachem Berend , Curran Thomas , Evrard Fabien
Published: February 2020

In Lagrangian stochastic collision models, afictitiousparticle is generated to act as a collision partner, with a velocity correlated to the velocity of therealcolliding particle. However, most often, the fluid velocity seen by this fictitious particles is not accounted for in the generation of the fictitious particle velocity, leading to a de-correlation between the fictitious particle velocity and the local fluid velocity, which, after collision, leads to an unrealistic de-correlation of the real particle velocity and the fluid velocity as seen by the particle. This de-correlation, in turn, causes a spurious decrease of the particle kinetic energy, even though the collisions are assumed perfectly elastic. In this paper, we propose a new model in which the generated fictitious particle velocity is correctly correlated to both the real particle velocity and the local fluid velocity at the particle, hence preventing the spurious loss of the total particle kinetic energy. The model is suitable for small inertial particles. Two algorithms for integrating the collision frequency are also compared to each other. The models are validated using large eddy simulation (LES) of mono-dispersed particle-laden stationary homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Simulations are conducted with spherical particles with different turbulent Stokes number,$$St_t = [0.75 - 5.8]$$Stt=[0.75-5.8], and volume fractions,$$\alpha _p = [0.014 - 0.044]$$αp=[0.014-0.044], and are compared to the results of the LES using a deterministic discrete particle simulation model.
Intra-study and inter-technique validation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging derived left atrial ejection fraction as a prognostic biomarker in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Kanagala Prathap , Arnold Jayanth R. , Singh Anvesha , Khan Jamal N. , Gulsin Gaurav S. , Gupta Pankaj , Squire Iain B. , Ng Leong L. , McCann Gerry P.
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the agreements of both biplane and short-axis Simpson’s (SAX) methods for left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF) calculation utilising cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and evaluate their relation to clinical outcomes. One hundred and thirty six subjects (HFpEF n = 97, controls n = 39) underwent CMR, six-minute walk tests and blood sampling in our prospective, observational, single-centre study. Overall, LAEF (%) was lower in HFpEF patients compared to controls (SAX 34 ± 13 vs 47 ± 8, biplane 34 ± 16 vs 51 ± 11; p < 0.0001 for both). Atrial fibrillation (AF) was present in 24% of HFpEF and was associated with higher LA volumes and lower LAEF compared to sinus rhythm (p < 0.0001) with both methods. Biplane LAEF correlated strongly with SAX measurements (overall Pearson’s r = 0.851, sinus rhythm r = 0.651, AF r = 0.882; p < 0.0001). Biplane LAEF did not differ significantly compared to SAX LAEF (overall 34 ± 16 vs 34 ± 13%; p = 0.307) except in AF subjects in whom biplane LAEF was lower (mean difference 2 ± 4%, p = 0.013). There were 44 composite events (25 deaths, 19 HF hospitalizations) in HFpEF during median follow-up of 1429 days. LAEF below the median was associated with increased risk of composite endpoints (Log-Rank biplane p < 0.0001; SAX p = 0.009). In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, both biplane LAEF (hazard ratio [HR] 0.604; 95% confidence interval [CI] (0.406–0.900); p = 0.013) and SAX LAEF (HR 0.636; CI 0.441–0.918; p = 0.016) remained independent predictors along with indexed extracellular volume. CMR LAEF, derived from either the short-axis or biplane method is lower in HFpEF compared to healthy controls and remains a strong marker of prognosis.
Grapevine rootstocks can be a source of infection with non-regulated viruses
Authors: Demian Emese , Jaksa-Czotter Nikoletta , Molnar Janos , Tusnady Gabor E. , Kocsis Laszlo , Varallyay Eva
Published: February 2020

Grapevine can be infected by several viruses and viroids, the presence of which can lead to yield losses and vineyard decline. Our previous survey of vineyards in Hungary suggested that viral infection originates from infected propagation material. To investigate whether rootstocks can be a source of virus infections, we surveyed seventeen rootstock vineyards and two rootstock collections in Hungary to determine the virome by high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs. The presence of the viruses was also tested by RT-PCR. The results showed that viruses whose presence is routinely checked were almost absent in rootstock vineyards but were present in rootstock genotype collections. Moreover, first the time in Hungary, we detected the presence of Australian grapevine viroid in the rootstock genotype collection at Pecs. In contrast, viruses that are not regulated or not routinely tested, namely, grapevine rupestris stem-pitting-associated virus, grapevine Syrah virus-1 and grapevine Pinot gris virus, were detected in almost all locations in most of the varieties. The presence and absence of infected rootstock genotypes in the same vineyard together with phylogenetic analysis suggested that viral infections originated from infected propagation material. Moreover, we found the symptomatic variant of grapevine Pinot gris virus in several rootstock vineyards without symptoms, suggesting the possibility for leaf mottling and deformation disease symptoms to manifest on susceptible cultivars following grafting onto these rootstocks.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum C-reactive protein in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lakhani Ishan , Wong Michelle Vangi , Hung Joshua Kai Fung , Gong Mengqi , Waleed Khalid Bin , Xia Yunlong , Lee Sharen , Roever Leonardo , Liu Tong , Tse Gary , Leung Keith Sai Kit , Li Ka Hou Christien
Published: February 2020

Heart failure (HF) is a major epidemic with rising morbidity and mortality rates that encumber global healthcare systems. While some studies have demonstrated the value of CRP in predicting (i) the development of HFpEF and (ii) long-term clinical outcomes in HFpEF patients, others have shown no such correlation. As a result, we conducted the following systematic review and meta-analysis to assess both the diagnostic and prognostic role of CRP in HFpEF. PubMed and Embase were searched for studies that assess the relationship between CRP and HFpEF using the following search terms: (((C-reactive protein) AND ((preserved ejection fraction) OR (diastolic heart failure))). The search period was from the start of database to August 6, 2019, with no language restrictions. A total of 312 and 233 studies were obtained from PubMed and Embase respectively, from which 19 studies were included. Our meta-analysis demonstrated the value of a high CRP in predicting the development of not only new onset HFpEF (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00–1.16; P = 0.04; I2 = 22%), but also an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality when used as a categorical (HR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.61–3.96; P < 0.0001; I2 = 19%) or a continuous variable (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.04–1.47; P = 0.01; I2 = 28%), as well as all-cause mortality when used as a categorical (HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.53–2.06; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) or a continuous variable: (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02–1.06; P = 0.003; I2 = 61%) in HFpEF patients. CRP can be used as a biomarker to predict the development of HFpEF and long-term clinical outcomes in HFpEF patients, in turn justifying its use as a simple, accessible parameter to guide clinical management in this patient population. However, more prospective studies are still required to not only explore the utility and dynamicity of CRP in HFpEF but also to determine whether risk stratification algorithms incorporating CRP actually provide a material benefit in improving patient prognosis.
From Acceptance to Adaptive Acceptance of Social Media Policy Change: a Set-Theoretic Analysis of B2B SMEs
Authors: Iannacci Federico , Fearon Colm , Pole Kristine
Published: February 2020

Drawing on theories of mindfulness, this paper aims to introduce the concept of adaptive acceptance of social media policy change in the context of Business-to-Business (B2B) Small-and-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) based in the South East of England. The paper adopts a quasi-experimental design based on the analysis of multiple cases with each case replicating prior findings either literally or theoretically. The study uses a mix of survey, interview, and electronic data informed by an innovative, set-theoretic approach to distill commonalities within positive cases and differences between positive and negative cases. It shows that attracting new customers and raising the company’s profile are necessary pre-requisites for adaptive acceptance of social media policy changes. In addition, these two conditions combined with learning to use social media effortlessly are jointly sufficient for adaptive acceptance. Theoretical, practical, and methodological implications are discussed.
The Value of Speaking for “Us”: the Relationship Between CEOs’ Use of I- and We-Referencing Language and Subsequent Organizational Performance
Authors: Fladerer Martin P , Haslam S Alexander , Steffens Niklas K , Frey Dieter
Published: February 2020

CEOs have been argued to play a critical role for organizational performance. However, CEOs cannot achieve success singlehandedly. They rely on other organizational members to execute and implement their agenda and to contribute to organizational success. In the present research, we propose that CEOs serve as identity leaders of their organization who are able to enhance organizational performance by representing and cultivating a sense of shared collective identity (“us”) with those they lead. One way for leaders to do so is through the use of we-referencing (as opposed to I-referencing) language. We examine this idea in a pre-registered study of organizations listed in the DAX (i.e., leading German stock index) between 2000 and 2016, assessing the impact of CEOs’ use of we- and I-referencing language in letters to the stakeholders (N = 378) on objective indicators of organizational financial performance. In line with hypotheses, results show a positive relationship between CEOs’ use of we-referencing language and key indicators of financial performance: return on assets and sales per employee (while there was no evidence of an association with return on sales). At the same time, results indicate that the use of I-referencing language was unrelated to organizational performance. These findings advance the literature on strategic leadership and on the social identity approach to leadership by suggesting that CEOs’ thinking and acting in collective terms is associated with greater organizational financial performance.
Spectral Method and Spectral Element Method for Three Dimensional Linear Elliptic System: Analysis and Application
Authors: Khan Arbaz
Published: February 2020

In this paper, a least-squares spectral method and a non-conforming least-squares spectral element method for three dimensional linear elliptic system will be presented. Differentiability estimates and the main stability theorem for the proposed method are proven. Using the regularity estimate and the proposed stability estimates, we introduce a suitable preconditioner and show that the condition number of the preconditioned system is $$O((\ln W)^2)$$O((lnW)2) (where W is degree of polynomials). Then we establish the error estimates of the proposed method. Specific numerical results based on linear elasticity problem, fourth order problem and sixth order problem are discussed to reflect the efficiency of the proposed method.
Perspectives on Implementation: Challenges and Successes of a Program Designed to Support Expectant and Parenting Community College Students in Rural, Midwestern State
Authors: Askelson Natoshia , Ryan Grace , Pieper Felicia , Bash-Brooks Whitney , Rasmusson Addie , Greene Mary , Buckert Amy
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Expectant and parenting students (EPS) at community colleges are an underserved and often under-resourced group. In a rural, Midwestern state, the department of public health was awarded the Pregnancy Assistance Fund (PAF) grant to assist this population. This paper outlines the results of the implementation evaluation and offers suggestions for programs and evaluators working with this population in the community college setting.

Methods

We conducted a multicomponent evaluation utilizing quantitative and qualitative methods. Evaluation activities included tracking activities/services, surveys and interviews with participants, and interviews with community college staff implementing grant activities. The research team calculated frequencies for quantitative data and coded qualitative data for themes.

Results

Data from the community colleges and students’ self-reports revealed that EPS most commonly received concrete support from the program, often in the form of stipends or gift cards. Students reported that concrete support was beneficial and helped to relieve financial stress during the semester. Students’ major barriers to participation were lack of knowledge about the program and busy schedules that prevented them from accessing PAF services. Staff reported that difficulty identifying EPS and the short one-year project period were major implementation challenges.

Conclusions for Practice

We recommend that community colleges work to identify EPS, use fellow EPS to recruit program participants, and implement programming that works with the students’ schedules.
An analytical process-based approach to predicting breach width in levees constructed from dilatant soils
Authors: van Damme M.
Published: February 2020

An accurate prediction of the breach widening rate after the onset of a levee failure is essential for flood risk assessments. Current state-of-the-art analytical breach growth relations are empirical in nature. The large variety in loading conditions, levee design, and levee construction material, combined with the limited amount of accurate measurements of breach growth, make the development of accurate empirical breach growth relations challenging. In this paper, a process-based breach widening relation is presented for levees constructed of dilatant soils. The process-based relation is derived from the weir flow equation and a process-based erosion equation. The breach widening relation can account for the effects of variations in soil parameters. For those cases for which soil parameters are unknown, a calibrated catch-all-coefficient is provided. The relation is benchmarked against the state-of-the-art empirical breach growth relation used in the Netherlands and validated against data on historical levee failures and experimental data.
Remarks on the Nonlocal Dirichlet Problem
Authors: Grzywny Tomasz , Kassmann Moritz , Leżaj Łukasz
Published: February 2020

We study translation-invariant integrodifferential operators that generate Lévy processes. First, we investigate different notions of what a solution to a nonlocal Dirichlet problem is and we provide the classical representation formula for distributional solutions. Second, we study the question under which assumptions distributional solutions are twice differentiable in the classical sense. Sufficient conditions and counterexamples are provided.
Small firms and patenting revisited
Authors: Athreye Suma S. , Fassio Claudio , Roper Stephen
Published: February 2020

In order to observe a patent application at the firm level, two conditions need to be met: new products need to be of patentable quality, which depends both on the degree of novelty of innovations and on the total number (portfolio) of innovations; and the benefits of patents need to be higher than the costs of owning them. Analyzing the patent propensity of small and large UK firms using a novel innovation-level survey (the SIPU survey) linked to Community Innovation Survey data, we find that when we consider the whole innovation portfolio, smaller firms do patent less than larger firms. However, using data on individual innovations, we find that smaller firms are no less likely to patent any specific innovation than larger firms. We argue that size differences in the probability to patent relate primarily to the “portfolio effect,” i.e., larger firms generate more innovations than smaller firms, and therefore are more likely to create one or more which are patentable. As for the decision to patent a patentable innovation, we find that cost barriers, more than issues of innovation quality or enforceability, deter small firms from patenting specific innovations. Measures to address the costs of patenting for smaller—perhaps by considering patents as eligible costs for R&D tax credits—and/or subsidizing SMEs’ participation in IP litigation schemes may both encourage patent use by smaller firms.
Need, frames, and time constraints in risky decision-making
Authors: Diederich Adele , Wyszynski Marc , Traub Stefan
Published: February 2020

In two experiments, participants had to choose between a sure and a risky option. The sure option was presented either in a gain or a loss frame. Need was defined as a minimum score the participants had to reach. Moreover, choices were made under two different time constraints and with three different levels of induced need to be reached within a fixed number of trials. The two experiments differed with respect to the specific amounts to win and the need levels. The$$2 \times 2 \times 3$$2×2×3design was a within-subject design. Data were evaluated on an overall and on a group level, the latter based on participants’ stated risk preference and on revealed preferences (choice proportions) using cluster analysis across subjects. Overall, the results showed riskier behavior when the choice options were presented as losses as compared to gains (framing effect) and when the induced need was highest. Time limits enhanced the framing effect.