bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for mortality in patients admitted to a psychiatric acute ward: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Strømme Maria Fagerbakke , Bartz‐Johannessen Christoffer , Kjelby Eirik , Mehlum Lars , Mykletun Arnstein , Kroken Rune Andreas , Johnsen Erik , Gjestad Rolf
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Associations between psychiatric disorders and mortality have been extensively studied, but limited evidence exists regarding influence of clinical characteristics on mortality risk, at the time of acute psychiatric hospitalization.

Methods

A prospective total‐cohort study included all patients consecutively admitted to Haukeland University Hospital's psychiatric acute ward in Bergen, Norway between 2005 and 2014 (n = 6125). Clinical interviews were conducted at the first admission within the study period, and patients were subsequently followed for up to 15 years in the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Competing risks regression models were used to investigate associations between clinical characteristics at first admission and the risk of natural and unnatural death during follow‐up.

Results

The mean age at first admission and at time of death was 42.5 and 62.8 years, respectively, and the proportion of women in the sample was 47.2%. A total of 1381 deaths were registered during follow‐up, of which 65.5% had natural, 30.4% unnatural, and 4.1% unknown causes. Higher age, male sex, unemployment, cognitive deficits, and physical illness were associated with increased risk of natural death. Male sex, having no partner, physical illness, suicide attempts, and excessive use of alcohol and illicit substances were associated with increased risk of unnatural death.

Conclusion

Psychiatric symptoms, except suicide attempts, were unrelated to increased mortality risk. In the endeavor to reduce the increased mortality risk in people with mental disorders, focus should be on addressing modifiable risk factors linked to physical health and excessive use of alcohol and illicit substances.
MiRNA‐100 ameliorates diabetes mellitus‐induced erectile dysfunction by modulating autophagy, anti‐inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects
Authors: Li Beining , Hu Peng , Liu Kang , Xu Wenchao , Wang Jiaxin , Li Qinyu , Chen Bingliang , Deng Yuxuan , Han Chenglin , Sun Taotao , Liu Xinqi , Li Mingchao , Wang Tao , Liu Jihong , Lin Huang , Rao Ke
Published: January 2024

Background

Diabetes mellitus‐induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) has become a common disease in adult men that can seriously reduce the quality of life of patients, and new therapies are urgently needed. miRNA‐100 has many targets and can induce autophagy and reduce fibrosis by inhibiting the mTOR pathway and the TGF‐β pathway. However, no research has been conducted with miR‐100 in the field of DMED, and the specific mechanism of action is still unclear.

Objectives

To ascertain the effects of miR‐100 on corpus cavernosum tissue of DMED rats and vascular endothelial cells in a high glucose environment and to elucidate the relevant mechanisms in autophagy, fibrosis and inflammation to find a new approach for the DMED therapy.

Methods

Thirty rats were divided into three groups: the control group, the DMED group, and the DMED + miR‐100 group. Using intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin, all rats except the control group were modeled with diabetes mellitus, which was verified using the apomorphine (APO) test. For rats in the DMED + miR‐100 group, rno‐miR‐100‐5p agomir (50 nmol/kg, every 2 days, 6 times in total) was injected via the tail vein. After 13 weeks, the erectile function of each rat was assessed using cavernous manometry, and the corpus cavernosum tissue was harvested for subsequent experiments. For cellular experiments, human coronary microartery endothelial cells (HCMEC) were divided into four groups: the control group, the high‐glucose (HG, 40 mM) group, the HG + mimic group, and the HG + inhibitor group. The cells were cultured for 6 days and collected for subsequent experiments 2 days after transfection.

Results

Diabetic modeling impaired the erectile function in rats, and miR‐100 reversed this effect. By measuring autophagy‐related proteins such as mTOR/Raptor/Beclin1/p62/LC3B, we found that miR‐100 could suppress the expression of mTOR and induce autophagy. The analysis of the eNOS/NO/cGMP axis function indicated that impaired endothelial function was improved by miR‐100. By evaluating the TGF‐β1/CTGF/Smad2/3 and NF‐κB/TNF‐α pathways, we found that miR‐100 could lower the level of inflammation and fibrosis, which contributed to the improvement of the erectile function. Cellular experiments can be used as supporting evidence for these findings.

Conclusion

MiR‐100 can improve the erectile function by inhibiting mTOR and thus inducing autophagy, improving the endothelial function through the eNOS/NO/cGMP axis, and exerting antifibrotic and anti‐inflammatory effects, which may provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of DMED.
Radiotherapy versus limb‐sparing surgery alone in low‐grade soft‐tissue sarcoma of the extremity and trunk wall: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Trieu Danny , Gong Houchen , Benoit Dominic , Choong Peter F. M.
Published: January 2024

Current guidelines recommend the use of radiotherapy in the management of intermediate and high‐grade soft‐tissue sarcoma of the extremity and trunk wall. Its use in low‐grade sarcoma is less clear. To date there have been no pooled data analyses regarding its role in this context. Its use is not without complications and therefore must be justified. We aim to assess the oncological impact of radiotherapy versus limb‐sparing surgery alone in this subset of sarcoma. Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane's databases were searched from 1982 to present. Studies on or having a subgroup analysis of low‐grade soft tissue sarcoma, with a radiotherapy and a surgery only arm were included. Outcomes included local recurrence and overall survival. Patients were at least 16 years of age with primary de‐novo sarcoma who had not undergone prior resection or treatment. Those undergoing concomitant therapy were excluded. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Results were pooled using a random‐effects model and presented as a forest plot. Primary outcome measures included local recurrence and overall survival. Eleven unique studies were included, consisting of two RCTs and nine non‐randomized studies. Overall, there were 12 799 patients. Four studies were included in meta‐analysis and the overall pooled effect showed a limited role of radiotherapy in overall survival outcomes when compared to limb‐sparing surgery alone HR 1.00 [0.83–1.20] P = 0.41. Descriptive analysis suggests there is limited role of radiotherapy in improving local recurrence outcomes. This study suggests there is limited role for radiotherapy versus limb‐sparing surgery alone in low‐grade soft‐tissue sarcoma. These findings strongly suggest there is lack of high‐quality data and that further research must be undertaken prior to forming any strong conclusions regarding the management of low‐grade soft‐tissue sarcoma. Demonstrating a role for radiotherapy may help improve the quality of excisional margins and thus potentiate limb‐sparing surgery.
Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity monitoring of fetal anemia during chemotherapy in pregnancy
Authors: Babkova Anna , Rob Lukas , Kubecova Martina , Hruda Martin , Halaska Michael J.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Chemotherapy during pregnancy can increase the risk of fetal anemia. Severe fetal anemia can lead to the development of hydrops fetalis and potentially fetal demise. Hence, it is imperative to implement consistent monitoring methods in the context of chemotherapy treatment. This study aimed to diagnose and monitor fetal anemia using middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) as a diagnostic tool during chemotherapy in pregnant women.

Material and methods

The study employed a prospective analysis involving a case series of 15 patients diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy and subsequently underwent chemotherapy. MCA‐PSV was used to identify fetal anemia. The patients were scheduled for ultrasound examinations of the MCA‐PSV. The first examination was performed on the same day as the administration of chemotherapy, while the second occurred on the 10th day after chemotherapy. The measurement technique used in the study was based on the methodology proposed by Mari and Barr. The multiples of the median were calculated using the calculators provided by Medicina Fetal Barcelona. Based on these values anemia severity was determined. When moderate or severe anemia was identified, chemotherapy was individually modified. Additionally, a blood count analysis was conducted immediately after the delivery of the newborn.

Results

Five patients were diagnosed with fetal or newborn anemia. With MCA‐PSV, we identified moderate fetal anemia in two patients and severe fetal anemia in one. The complete blood count testing of newborns revealed mild anemia in three patients. One case was unrelated to chemotherapy‐induced anemia. During treatment, fetal anemia did not corelate with maternal anemia.

Conclusions

In four cases of anemia the combination of cisplatin and iphosphamide was used as a chemotherapy agent. No anemia was observed in other drug combinations. Our findings suggest that MCA‐PSV is a reliable method for identifying anemia and should be included in the treatment protocol for chemotherapy‐induced fetal anemia.
Comorbidities of deformational plagiocephaly in infancy: A scoping review
Authors: Charalambous Lia , Hadders‐Algra Mijna , Yamasaki Edna N. , Lampropoulou Sofia
Published: January 2024

Aim

While deformational plagiocephaly (DP) is suspected to be associated with comorbidities, their nature and prevalence are unclear. This scoping review aims to report DP comorbidities occurring until the age of 2 years, their prevalence and whether they depend on the child's age and sex.

Methods

Relevant studies were identified by searching the Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and EBSCO databases from 1992 to 30 April 2021. Data on study characteristics, comorbidities and assessment instruments were extracted and qualitatively synthesised. Risk of bias was assessed and studies with high risk of bias were excluded.

Results

Studies meeting selection criteria (n = 27) often evaluated groups from tertiary clinics, implying selection bias. Studies reported on developmental delay (n = 16), limited speech production (n = 1), auditory (n = 3), visual (n = 3), mandibular (n = 3) and neurological impairments (n = 1). The data did not allow prevalence calculation or modifying effect of sex. Due to biased data, the review provided no evidence on DP comorbidities. Weak evidence suggested that in the selective samples, DP was associated with motor and language delays in the first year.

Conclusion

Due to biased data, no evidence on comorbidity in infants with DP was available. Our study underlined the need of risk of bias assessment in scoping reviews.
Comparing positive reappraisal and mindfulness in relation to daily emotions during COVID‐19: An experience sampling study
Authors: He Ting , Zhang Xuelian , Li Longfeng , Hu Huinan , Liu Shijia , Lin Xiuyun
Published: January 2024

Research has suggested that daily cognitive reappraisal and mindfulness are differentially associated with emotional experience. Nevertheless, the different relationship between these two emotion regulation strategies and emotional experience remains unexplored amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic, when people were facing unprecedented challenges and disruptions in their everyday lives. The current study aimed to examine the potential unidirectional or bidirectional relations between two strategies and daily emotional experience during the COVID‐19 pandemic and whether the associations between the two strategies and emotional experience varied. A total of 184 college students participated in this study. Daily positive reappraisal, mindful attention and awareness (MAA), positive and negative affect, and COVID‐19‐related stress were assessed utilizing experience sampling method (three times a day for 14 consecutive days). Results suggested that the directionality of the link between the two strategies and daily emotional experience differed. The links between positive reappraisal and positive affect, negative affect, and COVID‐19‐related stress were transactional. However, a unidirectional relation was observed between positive affect and subsequent MAA. The study provided support for the contextual perspective of emotion regulation by demonstrating that the efficacy of regulation strategies is contingent upon the context. The identification of optimal conditions for effective strategies remains a crucial area for future research.
‘What if someone had told me that as a kid?’: Professionals' perspectives on their personal experiences of family‐related childhood adversity and their supportive practice
Authors: Michelson Stina
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study is to explore how professionals with personal experiences of family‐related childhood adversity describe and make sense of the relationship between their experience and their supportive practice. It builds on interviews with 10 professionals working within two Swedish non‐governmental organizations offering support to children experiencing family‐related adversity. The findings show that the participants draw upon their own experiences when identifying children's need for individual support, recognition, belonging, knowledge and hope. Together, these five aspects can be said to form an experience‐informed narrative about children's support needs. The paper concludes by suggesting that the concept of a ‘professional peer’ may be a useful term for encompassing the dual role of professionals who have personal experiences of family‐related childhood adversity and who provide support to children in similar situations.
A Computational Approach to Identifying Cultural Keywords Across Languages
Authors: Lim Zheng Wei , Stuart Harry , De Deyne Simon , Regier Terry , Vylomova Ekaterina , Cohn Trevor , Kemp Charles
Published: January 2024

Distinctive aspects of a culture are often reflected in the meaning and usage of words in the language spoken by bearers of that culture. Keywords such as душа
(soul) in Russian, hati (heart) in Indonesian and Malay, and gezellig (convivial/cosy/fun) in Dutch are held to be especially culturally revealing, and scholars have identified a number of such keywords using careful linguistic analyses (Peeters, 2020b; Wierzbicka, 1990). Because keywords are expected to have different statistical properties than related words in other languages, we argue that a quantitative comparison of word usage across languages can help to identify cultural keywords. To support this claim, we describe a computational method that compares word frequencies across languages, and apply it to both linguistic corpora and word association data. The method identifies culturally specific words that range from “obvious” examples, such as Amsterdam in Dutch, to non‐obvious yet independently proposed examples, such as hati (heart) in Indonesian. We show in addition that linguistic corpora and word association data provide converging evidence about culturally specific words. Our results therefore show how computational analyses and behavioral experiments can supplement the methods previously used by linguists to identify culturally salient words across languages.
Towards new perspectives: A scoping review and meta‐synthesis to redefine brain health for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wills Olivia , Probst Yasmine
Published: January 2024

Background and purpose

Research promoting the health of the brain has increased exponentially over the last decade. The importance of ‘brain health’ for multiple sclerosis (MS), as one example, is a high priority. However, as research into the concept increases, so does varied use of the term.

Methods

A scoping review, guided by the methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute, was conducted to collate the evidence relating to brain health for MS. A comprehensive literature search incorporated six search strategies to retrieve both scientific and grey literature sources. All evidence sources were qualitatively charted and synthesized (meta‐synthesis) according to their definition of brain health used, outcome measures and brain‐healthy lifestyle elements.

Results

Seventy evidence sources (34 peer reviewed, 36 grey literature) were eligible for inclusion. Of these, just over half (n = 40, 57%) provided a definition of brain health. The most common definition alluded to the biomedical model of neurological reserve (n = 22, 55%), a self‐remodelling theory described to retain optimal brain function. Twenty‐nine outcome measures of brain health were identified, the most frequent being magnetic resonance imaging metrics (n = 25, 83%). Physical activity was the most prevalent brain‐healthy lifestyle element (n = 44), followed by avoidance of smoking (n = 26) and diet (n = 24).

Conclusions

Brain health should be considered a primary target for optimal disease and lifestyle management across the MS disease course. A working definition reflecting a shift from a medical lens towards broader biopsychosocial contexts that may influence brain health for people living with MS is proposed.
The contribution of mRNA targeting to spatial protein localization in bacteria
Authors: Shang Wenkang , Lichtenberg Elisabeth , Mlesnita Andreea Mihaela , Wilde Annegret , Koch Hans‐Georg
Published: January 2024

About 30% of all bacterial proteins execute their function outside of the cytosol and must be inserted into or translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane. This requires efficient targeting systems that recognize N‐terminal signal sequences in client proteins and deliver them to protein transport complexes in the membrane. While the importance of these protein transport machineries for the spatial organization of the bacterial cell is well documented in multiple studies, the contribution of mRNA targeting and localized translation to protein transport is only beginning to emerge. mRNAs can exhibit diverse subcellular localizations in the bacterial cell and can accumulate at sites where new protein is required. This is frequently observed for mRNAs encoding membrane proteins, but the physiological importance of membrane enrichment of mRNAs and the consequences it has for the insertion of the encoded protein have not been explored in detail. Here, we briefly highlight some basic concepts of signal sequence‐based protein targeting and describe in more detail strategies that enable the monitoring of mRNA localization in bacterial cells and potential mechanisms that route mRNAs to particular positions within the cell. Finally, we summarize some recent developments that demonstrate that mRNA targeting and localized translation can sustain membrane protein insertion under stress conditions when the protein‐targeting machinery is compromised. Thus, mRNA targeting likely acts as a back‐up strategy and complements the canonical signal sequence‐based protein targeting.
Puerulus settlement forecasting in a harvest strategy evaluation of the rock lobster fishery in South Australia
Authors: McGarvey Richard , Linnane Adrian , Feenstra John E. , Matthews Janet M. , McLeay Lachlan J. , Jones Annabel , Toumazos Kyriakos , de Lestang Simon
Published: January 2024

Harvest strategies are utilised in the management of fishery resources globally. Critical to their success is harvest strategy evaluation, whereby future performance is assessed through projection modelling. Using the observed relationship between a puerulus settlement index and model‐estimated recruitment, we evaluated a southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) harvest strategy in South Australia. Short‐to‐medium puerulus settlement recruitment forecasting was incorporated into future projections of catch, catch per unit effort, and percent unexploited egg production (%UEP) during 2019–2022. Observed values of indicators that closely aligned with projected outputs indicated that puerulus forecasting underpinned reliable evaluation of future fishery performance. A key objective of the harvest strategy was to increase egg production in the fishery, with a 20% unexploited egg production targeted by 2036. The target was reached under the proposed strategy, but was sensitive to recruitment, thereby highlighting the need to consider climate change impacts in forecasting scenarios.
Modeling the importance of subsurface environmental variables in driving swordfish (Xiphias gladius) catchability in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Tang Wei , Wang Xuefang , Wu Feng , Geng Xiaoyu , Zhu Jiangfeng
Published: January 2024

Many oceanic species in pelagic habitats move vertically through the water column, highlighting the ecological importance of that spatial environment for modeling habitats of marine species. The role and importance of multiple oceanic subsurface environmental variables in modeling the habitat suitability of swordfish (Xiphias gladius), a highly migratory large pelagic fish, is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed adult swordfish data from the 2017–2019 Chinese Indian Ocean tuna longline fishery observer. We used the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) and random forest model (RF) to compare modeling schemes that included multiple subsurface environmental datasets. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) from training and test sets was evaluated to investigate whether the inclusion of subsurface variables could enhance model performance and affect the simulation results. This analysis showed that model performance was significantly enhanced after addition of subsurface environmental variables, and the best model fit was achieved at 200–300 m depth. Sea water temperature, dissolved oxygen, net primary production, and ocean mixed layer depth were the critical environmental factors constituting catchability for swordfish in the Western Indian Ocean. As the depth increased, dissolved oxygen became the most important environmental factor, replacing surface temperature. Compared with the surface model, the location and extent of areas of high catchability in certain months changed significantly after the addition of subsurface variables. The results of this study provide evidence for a better understanding of the selection of critical environmental variables and improvement of model performance in 3D habitat modeling of pelagic fish.
Perceived weight stigma in healthcare settings among adults living with obesity: A cross‐sectional investigation of the relationship with patient characteristics and person‐centred care
Authors: Crompvoets Paige I. , Nieboer Anna P. , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. , Cramm Jane M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Patients living with obesity often experience weight stigma in healthcare settings, which has worrying consequences for their healthcare experiences. This cross‐sectional study aimed to: (1) provide an overview of stigmatising experiences in healthcare settings reported by adults living with varying classes of obesity, (2) identify associations among patient characteristics and perceived weight stigma and (3) investigate the association between perceived weight stigma and person‐centred care (PCC).

Methods

Dutch adults living with obesity classes I (body mass index [BMI]: 30 to <35 kg/m2; n = 426), II (BMI: 35 to <40 kg/m2; n = 124) and III (BMI: ≥40 kg/m2; n = 40) completed measures of perceived weight stigma in healthcare settings and PCC. Descriptive, correlational and multivariate analyses were conducted.

Results

Of patients living with classes I, II and III obesity, 41%, 59% and 80%, respectively reported experiences of weight stigma in healthcare settings. Younger age, greater obesity severity and the presence of chronic illnesses were associated with greater perceived weight stigma. Greater perceived weight stigma was associated with lower PCC.

Conclusion

The results of this study emphasise the significant role of weight stigma in the healthcare experiences of patients living with obesity. Reducing weight stigma is expected to improve PCC and the overall quality of care for these patients. Minimising weight stigma will require efforts across various healthcare domains, including increasing awareness among healthcare professionals about sensitive communication in weight‐related discussions.

Patient Contribution

Our sample consisted of patients living with obesity. Additionally, patients were involved in the pilot testing and refinement of the PCC instrument.
Mechanical properties due to competition behavior between damage and recovery of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced ceramics
Authors: Lee JangWon , Akutsu Yuki , Nakao Wataru
Published: January 2024

The phenomenon caused by the competition between self‐healing and crack propagation of self‐healing fiber‐reinforced ceramics was succeeded to be quantified as a new mechanical function. To quantify, it was measured in detail that the creep deformation as time variation of the self‐healing composite under various stresses. In particular, a detailed analysis will be carried out focusing on the time variation of the creep rate. When the tensile stress of 100 MPa was applied to the self‐healing composite, the initially large creep rate decreased with time, eventually reaching zero. This behavior is considered to be achieved by self‐healing that suppresses crack propagation. The time when the creep rate reaches 0 is an important indicator of self‐healing ability and was defined as the crack arrest time. From the results of similar experiments in which the applied stress was varied, it was found that the crack arrest time increased with the applied stress. However, at 160 MPa, creep fracture occurred. From these results, it was confirmed that the maximum stress at which the competition behavior could be expressed was 153 MPa or less. Based on the obtained results, we propose a new mechanical function that utilizes the self‐healing function.
Debittering of salmon frame protein hydrolysate and plastein using Maillard reaction as affected by types of sugar
Authors: Sharma Kartik , Nilsuwan Krisana , Hong Hui , Fan Xinru , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: January 2024

Impacts of Maillard reaction on bitterness, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities of salmon frame protein hydrolysates (PH) and its plastein (PT) using ribose or glucosamine (Glx) were investigated. PT showed higher bitterness than PH after Maillard reaction, regardless of sugars and concentrations used (P < 0.05). PH (10%) and 4% Glx heated at 120 °C for 120 min yielded Maillard reaction products (MRPs) with the least bitterness (score: 5.89) as compared to control sample (P < 0.05). Browning intensity and lightness of aforesaid sample were directly and inversely proportional to treatment time, respectively. MRPs (10% PH with 4% Glx) showed the increased DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (37.06 and 45.65 μmol TE g−1, respectively) up to 60 min (P < 0.05). Moreover, bitterness score of MRPS heated for 60 min was reduced from 9.37 (PH) to 1.44 ascertained by decrease in hydrophobic amino acid contents (P < 0.05). Therefore, Maillard reaction could be used as a promising means to lower bitterness of salmon frame PH.
Development details of an Artificial Gastric Digestive System (AGDS) and analysis of model food disintegration and degradation
Authors: Liu Weilin , Zhang Tingting , Jin Yangyi , Li Zhijie , Han Jianzhong , Tian Shiyi
Published: January 2024

The individual differences and ethical limitations of in vivo studies have prompted the development of in vitro digestive models. In this study, an Artificial Gastric Digestive System (AGDS) with the geometry and motion of the human stomach was designed and operated. Five agar beads with different breaking forces (0.35–0.95 N) were applied in AGDS model to verify the gastric breakdown behaviour. Results showed that the degradation degree of agar beads in AGDS was significantly different to that in the shaking water bath. Besides, beads in a high‐viscosity medium (30 Pa·s) had a shorter breaking time (26 min) than that in a low‐viscosity medium (0.69 Pa·s, 37 min). AGDS can simulate peristalsis and dynamic flow kinetics, thus it pushes forward the understanding of food degradation and nutrients release during gastric digestion and may inspire the design of versatile artificial stomach based on specific populations.
Empowering organisational commitment through digital transformation capabilities: The role of digital leadership and a continuous learning environment
Authors: Braojos Jessica , Weritz Pauline , Matute Jorge
Published: January 2024

Although research has shown that leveraging technologies and creating a new organisational identity are critical to staying competitive in a digital business environment, these assumptions have focused mainly on operational performance and exclude the impact on the workplace and employees. The challenge of attracting employees in the context of digital transformation is leading organisations to explore drivers of commitment. Further research is needed into the key factors that bind employees to an organisation. This study seeks to advance knowledge on this individual frontier by proposing a model in which digital leadership and a continuous learning environment mediate the impact of digital transformation capabilities on organisational commitment. Testing our model through an empirical study from Spain shows an effect of both mediators. The paper thus contributes to the IS literature by identifying two mediators and their role in achieving organisational commitment. These results also suggest a new way to approach research in digital transformation by opening a new frontier on the individual level and charting a path for future study. Moreover, the results have great practical value, generating implications for organisations and new avenues of future research to explore the boundary conditions of the individual frontier.
A meta‐analysis of topical Ketorolac's effect on surgical site wound healing post‐cataract surgery
Authors: You Ran , Han Yu
Published: January 2024

This meta‐analysis evaluates the impact of topical ketorolac on surgical site wound healing and scar formation after cataract surgery. A thorough literature search, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, identified eight relevant studies from 2348 articles. The selected studies were analysed for wound healing efficacy, using the redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge and approximation (REEDA) scale, and scar formation, assessed by the Manchester scar scale (MSS). Results indicated that ketorolac significantly improved wound healing, with lower REEDA scores 1 week post‐surgery (I2 = 97%; Random: standardised mean difference (SMD): −10.93, 95% CI: −13.85 to −8.00, p < 0.01), and reduced scar formation, evidenced by lower MSS scores 3 months post‐surgery (I2 = 74%; Random: SMD: −9.67, 95% CI: −11.03 to −8.30, p < 0.01). The findings suggest that topical ketorolac is beneficial in post‐cataract surgery care, enhancing wound healing and reducing scarring.
Corrosion behavior of precracked SiCf/SiC composites under 1200–1300°C Na2SO4‐wet‐oxygen environment
Authors: Guo Feiyu , Chen Xiaowu , Zhang Junmin , Yang Jinshan , Zhang Xiangyu , Kan Yanmei , Xue Yudong , Qin Hao , Dong Shaoming
Published: January 2024

SiCf/SiC composites, as promising materials for the hot‐section components of turbine engines, are susceptible to hot corrosion due to the steam environments. Especially, under rotational and thermal stress, numerous microcracks may be generated in the SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix, which can trigger the rapid invasion of corrosive gases and deteriorate the composite mechanical properties. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate the degradation mechanisms of SiCf/SiC with precracks existing. Here, the corrosion behavior of precracked SiCf/SiC in the Na2SO4‐wet‐oxygen environment was evaluated. By comparing mechanical evolution under different corrosion conditions, microfailure mechanisms of SiCf/SiC were revealed. The results indicate that brittle cracking of the matrix and oxidation erosion of fibers are the key factors in reducing the tensile strain of composites. Specifically, the composite damage resistance increases at 67 MPa‐1300°C. At this point, the prestress level is moderate and close to the matrix cracking limit. The prefabricated microcracks can be healed at 1300°C by liquid oxidation products, which hinders cracks bridging large‐scale. This study is conducive to a better understanding of failure mechanisms of SiCf/SiC in complex service environments.
The Nurse‐Police Assistance Crisis Team (N‐PACT): A new role for nursing
Authors: Petreca Victor G. , Barros Joanne T. , Hoblock Courtney , Burgess Ann W.
Published: January 2024

Aim

This study aimed to gain insights into forensic nurses' perspectives and approaches to behavioural crisis situations, comparing them to disciplines traditionally involved in first‐line behavioural crisis response.

Design

This study used a descriptive, qualitative exploratory design and was informed by Systems Theory.

Methods

The study was carried in the United States, between 2022 and 2023. Data were gathered through four focus groups: police officers (n = 12), co‐response (mental health) clinicians (n = 13), sexual assault nurse examiners (n = 6) and correctional nurses (n = 4). Thematic analysis was performed.

Reporting Method

The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) guidelines were used.

Results

Findings revealed temporal themes in crisis response: (1) Searching for Historical Information; (2) Safety and Acting at the Present Scene; and (3) Future Strategies and Interventions. Common priorities (e.g. safety and de‐escalation) were identified across groups. Notably, nurses demonstrated a comprehensive approach, addressing physical and mental health assessments, substance involvement, and physical injury evaluation.

Conclusion

This study proposes the creation of a novel nursing role within first‐line multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) for crisis response—the Nurse‐Police Assistance Crisis Team (N‐PACT). Nurses bring expertise and comprehensive assessment skills to enhance crisis responses, particularly in cases involving mental health emergencies, medical crises, and drug‐related incidents.

Implications

Forensic nurses, with their diverse competencies and comprehensive training, are highly valuable assets within MDTs. Their expertise extends to proficiently conducting mental and physical assessments, ensuring safety and adeptly navigating situations that intersect with the legal system.

Impact

The N‐PACT concept can improve outcomes and streamline the allocation of resources, particularly considering the number of police calls involving behavioural crises.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Microplastics in dermatology: Potential effects on skin homeostasis
Authors: Aristizabal Miguel , Jiménez‐Orrego Katherine V. , Caicedo‐León María D. , Páez‐Cárdenas Laura S. , Castellanos‐García Isabella , Villalba‐Moreno Dennys L. , Ramírez‐Zuluaga Luisa V. , Hsu Jeffrey T. S. , Jaller Jose , Gold Michael
Published: January 2024

Background

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have become a growing concern in dermatology due to their widespread presence in cosmetic formulations and the environment. These minuscule synthetic polymer particles prompt an essential exploration of their potential impact on dermatological homeostasis.

Aims

This study aims to investigate the effects of MPs and NPs on the integumentary system. Specifically, it seeks to understand the potential cutaneous alterations, inflammatory responses, and disruptions to the skin's physiological functions caused by these synthetic particles.

Patients/Methods

The investigation involves a comprehensive analysis of emerging research on MPs and NPs. This includes their presence in cosmetic formulations and environmental pervasiveness. The study delves into their capacity to breach the cutaneous barrier, raising concerns about the implications of prolonged exposure.

Results

Evidence suggests that MPs and NPs may indeed incite cutaneous alterations, provoke inflammatory responses, and disturb the homeostasis of the skin's physiological functions. Their small dimensions enhance their capability to breach the cutaneous barrier, further emphasizing the apprehensions associated with prolonged exposure.

Conclusions

While a precise understanding of the implications of MPs and NPs on dermatological health remains an ongoing scientific endeavor, this study underscores the growing significance of these synthetic particles. The findings emphasize the need for proactive measures to safeguard both individual well‐being and environmental preservation in the context of dermatological health.
Oxytocin alleviates periodontitis in adult rats
Authors: Dmytrenko Ganna , Fernández‐Solari Javier , Correa Fernando , De Laurentiis Andrea
Published: January 2024

Objective

The objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of oxytocin receptors in normal and inflamed gingiva, as well as the effects of systemic administration of oxytocin in bone loss and gum inflammatory mediators in a rat model of experimental periodontitis.

Background Data

Current evidence supports the hypothesis of a disbalance between the oral microbiota and the host's immune response in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Increased complexity of the microbial biofilm present in the periodontal pocket leads to local production of nitrogen and oxygen‐reactive species, cytokines, chemokines, and other proinflammatory mediators which contribute to periodontal tissue destruction and bone loss. Oxytocin has been suggested to participate in the modulation of immune and inflammatory processes. We have previously shown that oxytocin, nitric oxide, and endocannabinoid system interact providing a mechanism of regulation for systemic inflammation. Here, we aimed at investigating not only the presence and levels of expression of oxytocin receptors on healthy and inflamed gingiva, but also the effects of oxytocin treatment on alveolar bone loss, and systemic and gum expression of inflammatory mediators involved in periodontal tissue damage using ligature‐induced periodontitis. Therefore, anti‐inflammatory strategies oriented at modulating the host's immune response could be valuable adjuvants to the main treatment of periodontal disease.

Methods

We used an animal model of ligature‐induced periodontitis involving the placement of a linen thread (Barbour flax 100% linen suture, No. 50; size 2/0) ligature around the neck of first lower molars of adult male rats. The ligature was left in place during the entire experiment (7 days) until euthanasia. Animals with periodontitis received daily treatment with oxytocin (OXT, 1000 μg/kg, sc.) or vehicle and/or atosiban (3 mg/kg, sc.), an antagonist of oxytocin receptors. The distance between the cement–enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest was measured in stained hemimandibles in the long axis of both buccal and lingual surfaces of both inferior first molars using a caliper. TNF‐α levels in plasma were determined using specific rat enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). OXT receptors, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α expression were determined in gingival tissues by semiquantitative or real‐time PCR.

Results

We show that oxytocin receptors are expressed in normal and inflamed gingival tissues in male rats. We also show that the systemic administration of oxytocin prevents the experimental periodontitis‐induced increased gum expression of oxytocin receptors, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β (p < .05). Furthermore, we observed a reduction in bone loss in rats treated with oxytocin in our model.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that oxytocin is a novel and potent modulator of the gingival inflammatory process together with bone loss preventing effects in an experimental model of ligature‐induced periodontitis.
Towards a culture and pedagogy of reflection
Authors: Moniz Tracy , Ng Stella L.
Published: January 2024

What does it mean to cultivate a "healthy reflection culture" in HPE? For @moniztracy1 and @StellaHPE, it means acceptance and management of “not knowing” and an explicit framing of the essence of being a professional practitioner; to get there, writing can help.
Latin American consensus on diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Olmos Jorge A. , Pandolfino John E. , Piskorz María M. , Zamora Natalia , Valdovinos Díaz Miguel A. , Remes Troche José M. , Guzmán Mauricio , Hani Albis , Valdovinos García Luis R. , Pitanga Lukashok Hannah , Domingues Gerson , Vesco Eduardo , Rivas Mariel Mejia , Ovalle Luis F. Pineda , Cisternas Daniel , Vela Marcelo F.
Published: January 2024

Background

Diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be challenging given varying symptom presentations, and complex multifactorial pathophysiology. The gold standard for GERD diagnosis is esophageal acid exposure time (AET) measured by pH‐metry. A variety of additional diagnostic tools are available. The goal of this consensus was to assess the individual merits of GERD diagnostic tools based on current evidence, and provide consensus recommendations following discussion and voting by experts.

Methods

This consensus was developed by 15 experts from nine countries, based on a systematic search of the literature, using GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation) methodology to assess the quality and strength of the evidence, and provide recommendations regarding the diagnostic utility of different GERD diagnosis tools, using AET as the reference standard.

Key Results

A proton pump inhibitor (PPI) trial is appropriate for patients with heartburn and no alarm symptoms, but nor for patients with regurgitation, chest pain, or extraesophageal presentations. Severe erosive esophagitis and abnormal reflux monitoring off PPI are clearly indicative of GERD. Esophagram, esophageal biopsies, laryngoscopy, and pharyngeal pH monitoring are not recommended to diagnose GERD. Patients with PPI‐refractory symptoms and normal endoscopy require reflux monitoring by pH or pH‐impedance to confirm or exclude GERD, and identify treatment failure mechanisms. GERD confounders need to be considered in some patients, pH‐impedance can identify supragrastric belching, impedance‐manometry can diagnose rumination.

Conclusions

Erosive esophagitis on endoscopy and abnormal pH or pH‐impedance monitoring are the most appropriate methods to establish a diagnosis of GERD. Other tools may add useful complementary information.
Life‐course trajectories of body mass index and cardiovascular disease risks and health outcomes in adulthood: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kibret Kelemu Tilahun , Strugnell Claudia , Backholer Kathryn , Peeters Anna , Tegegne Teketo Kassaw , Nichols Melanie
Published: January 2024

Objective

This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of life course body mass index (BMI) trajectories (childhood to adulthood) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and outcomes.

Methods

Prospective or retrospective cohort studies were identified that assessed the association of BMI trajectories with CVD risks and outcomes from databases published in English. The pooled effect sizes were estimated using a random‐effects model.

Findings

Seventeen eligible studies were included in this systematic review. The results revealed that a persistently overweight trajectory from childhood to adulthood was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (RR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.9, 3.28) and type 2 diabetes (RR: 4.62; 95% CI: 2.36, 9.04) compared with a trajectory characterized by a normal BMI throughout both childhood and adulthood. Similarly, the risk of hypertension (RR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.70, 3.33) and type 2 diabetes (RR: 3.66; 95% CI: 2.57, 5.19) was higher in those with normal‐to‐overweight trajectory compared with participants with a stable normal weight trajectory.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that lifetime BMI trajectories may be influential on health outcomes, and preventive strategies should be designed accordingly. Implementing appropriate preventive strategies at all life stages may reduce CVD risks and adverse outcomes later in life.
Parental Expenditures of Time and Money on Children in the U.S.
Authors: Gautham Leila , Folbre Nancy
Published: January 2024

How much do parents spend on children in the U.S.? While the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) regularly addresses this question, it considers only money expenditures, omitting the sizeable monetary value of parental time. The 2017 and 2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics offers a unique opportunity to provide a more complete picture. Analysis of this data reveals considerable substitutability between unpaid and paid childcare and generates estimates of average total expenditures that include a replacement cost estimate of the value of parental time. These estimates, constructed for comparability with USDA measures, reveal both higher levels of average parental expenditure and different patterns across household structure and income. These findings challenge public policies that use USDA estimates as a reference point for setting the child support obligations of non‐custodial parents and reimbursement rates for foster care. They also undermine many conventional equivalence scales and measures of income/time poverty.
Parental role‐modeling on 24‐hour movement behaviors among preschoolers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Feng Jie , Khan Asaduzzaman , Lau Patrick Wing Chung , Huang Wendy Yajun
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Little is known about the association between parents' and children's 24‐h movement behaviors during the pandemic. This cross‐sectional study examined the association between the 24‐h movement behaviors of parents and their preschoolers and investigated sex differences in this association.

Methods

A total of 1740 preschoolers (4.5 ± 0.8 years old, 50.3% boys) and their parents (35.4 ± 4.9 years old, 24.3% males) in China participated in this study and provided valid and complete data. Parents completed an online survey or a written questionnaire in the period between October and December 2020. Preschoolers' and parents' movement behaviors (physical activity [PA], sedentary behavior [SB], screen time, and sleep) and demographic information were reported by the parents. Generalized linear models and logistic regression models were performed.

Results

Positive associations were found between parents' and preschoolers' moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity PA (β = 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20, 0.36), total PA (β = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.24), and sleep (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.06) with no apparent sex difference. No significant association was found between parents' and preschoolers' SB or screen time. Girls were more likely to meet all three 24‐h movement guidelines when their parents met them (odds ratio = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.42, 4.01), but the relationship was not significant for boys.

Conclusions

Parental role‐modeling was positively associated with children's PA and sleep. This finding suggests that supporting parents' movement behaviors has the potential to promote a healthy lifestyle among preschoolers.