bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chiller-Dillers for the Shiver-and-Shudder Set: The Whistler Film Series
Authors: Krutnik Frank
Published: January 2018

This article explores the serial dynamics behind and within the succession of B-films Columbia Pictures developed from the popular CBS radio programme The Whistler. It examines how this anthology series developed within Columbias on going strategy of low-budget production, while responding to specfiic industrial challenges facing 1940s B-films. Besides looking at broader synergies between radio and cinema during this period, the article also qualies the tendency to categorise the Whistler movies as films noir, suggesting it is more productive to view them as products of a broader pulp serialscape that is shaped by alternative cultural and industrial logics.
The Sequel Paradox: Repetition, Innovation, and Hollywood‘s Hit Film Formula
Authors: Loock Kathleen
Published: January 2018

This article explores the rise of the Hollywood sequel in the 1970s and 1980s, analysing contemporary industrial and popular discourses surrounding the sequel, sequelisation, and film seriality. Drawing on recent sequel scholarship as well as a wide range of film examples and paratexts it examines how industry insiders, trade papers, and film critics tried to make sense of the burgeoning sequel trend. The ensuing discourses and cultural practices, this article argues, not only shaped the contexts of sequel production and reception at the time but also played into the movies‘ serialisation strategies and their increasingly self-referential manoeuvres.
Give People What They Expect: John Hughes Family Films and Seriality in 1990s Hollywood
Authors: Chard Holly
Published: January 2018

This article explores serial production strategies and textual seriality in Hollywood cinema during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Focusing on John Hughes‘ high concept family comedies, it examines how Hughes exploited the commercial opportunities offered by serial approaches to both production and film narrative. This article first considers why Hughes‘ production set-up enabled him to standardise his movies and respond quickly to audience demand. The analysis then explores how the Home Alone films (1990–97), Dennis the Menace (1993) and Baby‘s Day Out (1994) balanced demands for textual repetition and novelty.
Periodontal microbiota and microorganisms isolated from heart valves in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery in a clinic in Cali, Colombia
Authors: Moreno Sandra , Parra Beatriz , Botero Javier E. , Moreno Freddy , Vásquez Daniel , Fernández Hugo , Alba Sandra , Gallego Sara , Castillo Gilberto , Contreras Adolfo
Published: January 2018

Introducción. La periodontitis es una enfermedad infecciosa que afecta los tejidos de soporte del diente y se asocia con diferentes enfermedades sistémicas, incluida la enfermedad cardiovascular. Los estudios microbiológicos permiten detectar microorganismos a partir de muestras subgingivales y cardiovasculares.Objetivo. Describir la microbiota periodontal cultivable y la presencia de microorganismos en válvulas cardiacas de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de reemplazo valvular en una clínica de Cali.Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 30 muestras subgingivales y de tejidos valvulares mediante cultivo en medio bifásico, agar de sangre con suplemento y agar tripticasa de soya con antibiótico. Las muestras de las válvulas se analizaron mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) convencional.Resultados. Los patógenos periodontales aislados de bolsas periodontales fueron Fusobacterium (50 %), Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (40 %), Campilobacter rectus (40 %), Eikenella corrodens (36,7 %), bacilos entéricos Gram negativos (36,7 %), Porphyromonas gingivalis (33,3 %) y Eubacterium (33,3 %). Los agentes patógenos aislados de la válvula aórtica fueron Propionibacterium acnes (12 %), bacilos entéricos Gram negativos (8 %), Bacteroides merdae (4 %) y Clostridium bifermentans (4 %), y de la válvula mitral, P. acnes y Clostridium beijerinckii. La PCR convencional no arrojó resultados positivos para agentes patógenos orales y solo se detectó ADN bacteriano en dos muestras.Conclusiones. La microbiota periodontal de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de reemplazo valvular estaba conformada por especies Gram negativas que han sido relacionadas con infecciones en tejidos extraorales; sin embargo, no se encontraron agentes patógenos periodontales en los tejidos de las válvulas. Aunque hubo muestras de estos tejidos y subgingivales, positivas para bacilos entéricos Gram negativos, no es posible asegurar que tuvieran el mismo origen filogenético.
Spirometry in a population of coal miners in Paipa, Colombia
Authors: González Nubia , Díaz Sara Lucía , Wilches Myriam Rocío , Franky Mabel Patricia , Méndez A Cesar , Herrera Andrea Del Rosario
Published: January 2018

Introducción: Las enfermedades respiratorias derivadas de la exposición a material en partículas, como sucede en la minería del carbón, continúa siendo un reto investigativo en el país y un problema de salud pública. La espirometría es una prueba de la función respiratoria, fundamental para el diagnóstico y la vigilancia de este tipo de enfermedades pulmonares crónicas.Objetivo. Determinar los valores de la espirometría en la población minera de carbón del municipio de Paipa, y su asociación con la edad y el tiempo de exposición laboral.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se diligenció el cuestionario de enfermedad respiratoria ocupacional de la American Thoracic Society (ATS), se registraron las mediciones de la espirometría y se interpretaron siguiendo las recomendaciones internacionales.Resultados. La muestra incluyó 226 trabajadores de minas de carbón de Paipa; en 12,3 % (n=28) de ellos se registraron alteraciones leves, de tipo obstructivo o restrictivo. En 35 % (n=80) hubo disminución de la relación entre la capacidad vital forzada y el volumen espirado en el primer segundo (CVF/VEF1). Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el rango de edad (p=0,002) y los años de trabajo minero (p=0,34), además de trastornos restrictivos y obstructivos. Asimismo, hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el rango de edad (p<0,01) y los años de trabajo minero (p<0,01), de diferente seriedad en el patrón de las mediciones de la espirometría.Conclusiones. La espirometría es una prueba útil para detectar la presencia de trastornos respiratorios en la población minera del carbón. La enfermedad respiratoria en estos mineros estuvo significativamente asociada con el tiempo de exposición.
Identification by shape-based virtual screening and evaluation of new tyrosinase inhibitors
Authors: Li Qi , Yang Hongyu , Mo Jun , Chen Yao , Wu Yue , Kang Chen , Sun Yuan , Sun Haopeng
Published: January 2018

Targeting tyrosinase is considered to be an effective way to control the production of melanin. Tyrosinase inhibitor is anticipated to provide new therapy to prevent skin pigmentation, melanoma and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we report our results in identifying new tyrosinase inhibitors. The shape-based virtual screening was performed to discover new tyrosinase inhibitors. Thirteen potential hits derived from virtual screening were tested by biological determinations. Compound 5186-0429 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity. It dose-dependently inhibited the activity of tyrosinase, with the IC50 values 6.2 ± 2.0 µM and 10.3 ± 5.4 µM on tyrosine and L-Dopa formation, respectively. The kinetic study of 5186-0429 demonstrated that this compound acted as a competitive inhibitor. We believe the discoveries here could serve as a good starting point for further design of potent tyrosinase inhibitor.
Uncovering a New Current: The Southwest MAdagascar Coastal Current
Authors: Ramanantsoa Juliano D. , Penven P. , Krug M. , Gula J. , Rouault M.
Published: January 2018

Cruise data sets, satellite remote sensing observations, and model data analyses are combined to highlight the existence of a coastal surface poleward flow in the southwest of Madagascar: the Southwest MAdagascar Coastal Current (SMACC). The SMACC is a relatively shallow (<300 m) and narrow (<100 km wide) warm and salty coastal surface current, which flows along the south western coast of Madagascar toward the south, opposite to the dominant winds. The warm water surface signature of the SMACC extends from 22°S (upstream) to 26.4°S (downstream). The SMACC exhibits a seasonal variability: more intense in summer and reduced in winter. The average volume transport of its core is about 1.3 Sv with a mean summer maximum of 2.1 Sv. It is forced by a strong cyclonic wind stress curl associated with the bending of the trade winds along the southern tip of Madagascar. The SMACC directly influences the coastal upwelling regions south of Madagascar. Its existence is likely to influence local fisheries and larval transport patterns, as well as the connectivity with the Agulhas Current, affecting the returning branch of the global overturning circulation.
Linear and Nonlinear Hydrological Cycle Responses to Increasing Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Toda Masaki , Watanabe Masahiro
Published: January 2018

An effective mechanism for determining tropical rainfall patterns in response to sea surface temperature (SST) increases with varying magnitude and horizontal distribution has not been developed thus far in climate change studies. In order to examine changes in precipitation pattern with increasing SST, we conducted a series of atmospheric general circulation model experiments using a 30 year record of observed SST for which either globally uniform SST increases of 1 K, 2 K, and 4 K or El Niño/La Niña‐like patterned SST anomaly has been imposed. Although the global‐mean precipitation linearly increases with the SST increase irrespective of its spatial distribution, regional precipitation changes were found to occur nonlinearly depending on the magnitude of the uniform SST increase. Owing to nonlinearity in the atmospheric circulation response, the regional hydrological sensitivity was larger with a smaller increase in SST. The precipitation response to the SST pattern was, however, quasi‐linear to the magnitude of the SST change and can be separated from the response to the uniform SST increase. This study thus emphasizes the importance of relative amplitudes of uniform and structured SST increases for future rainfall projection.
Coseismic Contortion and Coupled Nocturnal Ionospheric Perturbations During 2016 Kaikoura, Mw 7.8 New Zealand Earthquake
Authors: Bagiya Mala S. , Sunil P. S. , Sunil A. S. , Ramesh D. S.
Published: January 2018

The oblique‐thrust Kaikoura earthquake of Mw 7.8 that struck New Zealand on 13 November 2016 at 11:02:56 UTC (local time at 00:02:56 a.m. on 14 November 2016) was one of the most geometrically and tectonically complex earthquakes recorded onshore in modern seismology. The event ruptured in the region of multisegmented faults and propagated unilaterally northeastward for more than 170 km from the epicenter. The GPS derived coseismic surface displacements reveal a larger widespread horizontal and vertical coseismic surface offsets of ~6 m and ~2 m, respectively, with two distinct tectonic thrust zones. We study the characteristics of coseismic ionospheric perturbations based on tectonic and nontectonic forcing mechanisms and demonstrate that these perturbations are linked to two distinct surface thrust zones with rotating horizontal reinforcement trending the rupture, rather than merely to the displacements oriented along the rupture propagation direction.
Surface Wave Tomography of the Alps Using Ambient‐Noise and Earthquake Phase Velocity Measurements
Authors: Kästle Emanuel D. , El‐Sharkawy A. , Boschi L. , Meier T. , Rosenberg C. , Bellahsen N. , Cristiano L. , Weidle C.
Published: January 2018

A large data set of surface wave phase velocity measurements is compiled to study the structures of the crust and upper mantle underneath the Alpine continental collision zone. Records from both ambient‐noise and earthquake‐based methods are combined to obtain a high‐resolution 3‐D model of seismic shear velocity. The applied techniques allow us to image the shallow crust and sedimentary basins with a lateral resolution of about 25 km. We find that complex lateral variations in Moho depth as mapped in our model are highly compatible with those obtained from receiver function studies; this agreement with entirely independent data is a strong indication of the reliability of our results, and we infer that our model has the potential to serve as reference crustal map of shear velocity in the Alpine region. Mantle structures show nearly vertical subducting lithospheric slabs of the European and Adriatic plates. Pronounced differences between the western, central, and eastern Alps provide indications of the respective geodynamic evolution: we propose that in the southwestern and northeastern Alps, the European slab has broken off. The complex anomaly pattern in the upper mantle may be explained by combination of remnant European slab and Adriatic subduction. Along‐strike changes in the upper mantle structure are observed beneath the Apennines with an attached Adriatic slab in the northern Apennines and a slab window in the central Apennines. There is also evidence for subduction of Adriatic lithosphere to the east beneath the Pannonian Basin and the Dinarides down to a maximum depth of about 150 km.
Understanding the Late‐Stage Evolution of Shatsky Rise Using Transdimensional Acoustic Impedance Inversion
Authors: Dadi Sireesh , Gibson Richard L. , Sager William W.
Published: January 2018

Multichannel seismic data acquired recently over Shatsky Rise in the northwest Pacific have the potential to provide important constraints on structure and rock properties from this oceanic plateau. We apply a reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling technique to invert for acoustic impedance structure from portions of the processed, poststack seismic lines. This approach, which applies a Bayesian inversion formulation, also allows a quantification of uncertainty in inversion results. It also allows an automatic estimation of the number of model parameters, such as the number of layers, required to fit the data, greatly simplifying the inversion. We use it to infer the shallow acoustic impedance structure of the Tamu and Ori volcanoes at the Shatsky Rise oceanic plateau. Since acoustic impedance depends on the type of basalt present, the results allow estimation of lithology and, therefore, insight into the late‐stage evolution of both the volcanoes. Specifically, results from the shallow crust (∼1 km) suggest a higher percentage of massive flow basalts at Tamu Massif compared to Ori Massif. The percentage of pillow basalts and geochemically altered basalts is higher at the summit compared to that at the flanks of the volcanoes.
Seismic Evidence for Fluid/Gas Beneath the Mentawai Fore‐Arc Basin, Central Sumatra
Authors: Huot Gabriel , Singh Satish C.
Published: January 2018

Since 2004, there have been three great interplate earthquakes (Mw > 8.0) offshore Sumatra. In addition to rupturing the megathrust, these earthquakes might also have ruptured the backthrusts that bound the Andaman Islands to the Mentawai Islands toward the forearc basins. Here we apply a combination of traveltime tomography and seismic full waveform inversion to an ultralong offset seismic reflection profile from the Mentawai forearc basin, in the region of the 2007 Mw 8.4 Bengkulu earthquake. We perform a waveform inversion of far‐offset data followed by a waveform inversion of near‐offset data using the starting model derived from the traveltime tomography. Our results show the presence of a large, low‐velocity anomaly above the backthrust. The seismic reflection image indicates that this low‐velocity anomaly lies either within highly compacted sediments from the accretionary wedge or within highly deformed sediments from the forearc basin. The porosity estimation, using the effective medium theory, suggests that a small amount of gas (from 2 to 13%) or a significant amount of fluid (from 17 to 40%) could generate this low‐velocity zone. The presence of fluids and the observation of bottom simulating reflector below a push‐up ridge might be associated with mud diapirism. The fluids could originate locally from the dewatering of the sediments from the accretionary wedge or forearc basin. The high reflectivity of the backthrust in this region might also indicate deeper fluid origin, either from underplated sediments on the subduction interface or from the serpentinized mantle wedge.
Impact of Extensive Urbanization on Summertime Rainfall in the Beijing Region and the Role of Local Precipitation Recycling
Authors: Wang Jun , Feng Jinming , Yan Zhongwei
Published: January 2018

In this study, we conducted nested high‐resolution simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with a single‐layer urban canopy model to investigate the impact of extensive urbanization on regional precipitation over the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region in China. The results showed that extensive urbanization decreased precipitation considerably over and downwind of Beijing city. The prevalence of impermeable urban land inhibits local evaporation that feeds moisture into the overlying atmosphere, decreasing relative humidity and atmospheric instability. The dynamic precipitation recycling model was employed to estimate the precipitation that originates from local surface evaporation and large‐scale advection of moisture. Results showed that about 11% of the urbanization‐induced decrease in total precipitation over the Greater Beijing Region and its surroundings was contributed by the decrease in local recycled precipitation, while the other part (89%) was due to decreasing large‐scale advected precipitation. Results suggest that the low evaporation from urban land surfaces not only reduces the supply of water vapor for local recycled precipitation directly but also decreases the convective available potential energy and hence the conversion efficiency of atmospheric moisture into rainfall. The urbanization‐induced variations in local recycled precipitation were found to be correlated with the net atmospheric moisture flux on a monthly time scale.
Spatially Varying Environmental Properties Controlling Observed Sand Wave Morphology
Authors: Damen J. M. , van Dijk T. A. G. P. , Hulscher S. J. M. H.
Published: January 2018

Sand wave morphology and dynamics on continental shelves vary substantially, and we hypothesize that these spatial variations depend on local bed properties and hydrodynamic characteristics. To date, process‐based modeling studies have not been able to simulate realistic equilibrium sand wave heights and empirical studies are mostly limited to case studies. In order to explain the spatial variation in the morphology of equilibrium sand waves on continental shelves with processes and local bed conditions, a large‐scale investigation is required. In this paper, we use high‐resolution multibeam echo soundings, hydrodynamic models, and databases and sedimentary data for the analysis of, respectively, sand wave shape characteristics and the comparison to hydrodynamic and sedimentary characteristics for the Netherlands Continental Shelf. The results are quantified lengths, heights, and asymmetry of all sand waves in the Dutch part of the North Sea. Furthermore, we show that the mode of sediment transport (bed load or suspended) is a dominant factor in explaining sand wavelength, height, and asymmetry. Full results of shape characteristics of all sand waves on the Netherlands Continental Shelf together with the tidal velocity, water depth, surface wave height, and median grain size are provided in a repository with this paper (http://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:0d7e016d‐2182‐46ea‐bc19‐cdfda5c20308). These results are highly valuable for applied offshore engineering projects and to modelers for validating their morphodynamic model results.
Evolution of Peatlands in the Mu Us Desert, Northern China, Since the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Liu Xiaokang , Lu Ruijie , Du Jing , Lyu Zhiqiang , Wang Lindong , Gao Shangyu , Wu Yongqiu
Published: January 2018

Climatic reconstruction from peat deposits is an important aspect of Quaternary research. Previous studies of the peatlands in the Mu Us Desert in northern China have focused on the processes of paleoclimatic evolution, but the history of peatland development remains unclear due to the absence of comparative studies. Here we present a synthesis of the available records documenting peatland development within the Mu Us Desert since the last deglaciation. We combine paleoclimatic records from profiles from two new sites with previously published results from 12 sites. Our aim is to reconstruct the temporal and spatial record of peatland development and to determine its driving forces. The results show that the peatlands developed in two phases: from ~15 ka until the early Holocene and from 6.5–3 ka when there was a significant expansion of their spatial extent. These phases correspond to two distinct types of paludification process, and both were closely related to changes in the East Asian monsoon. A final stage after 2 ka resulted from the significant weakening of the monsoon, during which peat accumulation ceased.
Stable Oxygen and Carbon Isotopic Composition of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grains as Recorder of Relative Humidity
Authors: Kaushal Ritika , Ghosh Prosenjit
Published: January 2018

Southwest monsoon season over India exhibits spatial variation in the relative humidity (RH) levels. We took advantage of rice (Oryza sativa L.), cultivated in varied RH condition during the southwest monsoon season, to study the relationship of oxygen and carbon isotopic composition in the bulk grain organic matter (δ18OOM, δ13COM) with the hydroclimatic parameter of RH. Seasonal harvests of the years 2010 through 2014, sampled from 23 sites located in different climatic zones over India, were used for this experiment. Several fields and different genotypes (n = 105) were sampled at each site to arrive at representative values of δ18OOM and δ13COM. Based on regression analyses, the δ18OOM variation across sites showed significant dependence on the δ18O of source water (δ18OSW) used by the crops, with the humid region registering the strongest correlation (r2 = 0.95, p < 0.0001). After normalizing δ18OOM values with respect to δ18OSW and expressing the deviation as Δ18OOM, we obtained a significant relationship between the growing‐season average RH and Δ18OOM (r2 = 0.90, p < 0.0001). This is represented by a linear response function: Δ18OOM =  (− 0.45 ± 0.03) × RH + (66.4 ± 2.7). The relationship established in this study enables the reconstruction of RH level from the isotopic measurement of rice grain OM in modern‐day and palaeo samples. Further, the relationship of the carbon isotope discrimination in rice grain OM (Δ13COM) with RH gradient demonstrates the role of the evaporative demand in governing the dual‐isotope variability.
Nanoporous Superalloy Membranes: A Review
Authors: Rösler Joachim , Voelter Christian
Published: January 2018

The ability to produce metallic membrane materials with porosity on the nanoscale from Ni‐based superalloys, hitherto used exclusively for high temperature applications, has been discovered 15 years ago. The basic principle is to first convert the initial γ/γ′ microstructure, containing isolated γ′‐precipitates, into a bi‐continuous network where both phases are in themselves continuous and interpenetrate each other. Then, one of the two phases is selectively removed, so that a rigid structure consisting of the remaining phase with pores on the location of the removed phase results. This article reviews the progress made so far. In that time period, a number of ways to fabricate these unique materials have emerged, utilizing 1) single crystals and polycrystals as precursor materials as well as 2) coarsening of coherent and incoherent γ′‐precipitates to realize bi‐continuity of the microstructure. Consequently, a family of superalloy membranes has emerged with specific microstructures, properties, advantages, and limitations. It is the intention of this article to give an overview on these various manufacturing routes, as well as on resulting microstructures and properties. Finally, possible fields of applications are outlined. It is demonstrated that the particular manufacturing process from a solid to the porous material leads to certain advantages, such as the ability to structure the material in porous and solid areas as required by the application.
Efficient Red/Near‐Infrared Fluorophores Based on Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene 1,1,5,5‐Tetraoxide for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy and In Vivo Two‐Photon Fluorescence Bioimaging
Authors: Zhen Shijie , Wang Shaowei , Li Shiwu , Luo Wenwen , Gao Meng , Ng Lai Guan , Goh Chi Ching , Qin Anjun , Zhao Zujin , Liu Bin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2018

Red/near‐infrared dyes are highly demanded for biological applications but most of them are far from satisfactory. In this work, a series of red/near‐infrared fluorophores based on electron‐withdrawing benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene 1,1,5,5‐tetraoxide (BDTO) are synthesized and characterized. They possess both aggregation‐induced emission, and hybridized local and charge‐transfer characteristics. Crystallographic, spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational results reveal that the oxidation of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene to BDTO can endow the fluorophores with greatly red‐shifted emission, enhanced emission efficiency, reduced energy levels, enlarged two‐photon absorption cross section, and increased reactive oxygen species generation efficiency. The nanoparticles fabricated with a near‐infrared fluorophore TPA‐BDTO show high photostability and biocompatibility with good performance in targeted photodynamic ablation of cancer cells and two‐photon fluorescence imaging of intravital mouse brain vasculature.
Stable White Light‐Emitting Biocomposite Films
Authors: Gotta Julia , Shalom Tal Ben , Aslanoglou Stella , Cifuentes‐Rius Anna , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Elnathan Roey , Shoseyov Oded , Richter Shachar
Published: January 2018

The demonstration of reliable and stable white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is one of the main technological challenges of the LED industry. This is usually accomplished by incorporation of light‐emitting rare‐earth elements (REEs) compounds within an external polymeric coating of a blue LED allowing the generation of white light. However, due to both environmental and cost issues, the development of low‐cost REE‐free coatings, which exhibit competitive performance compared to conventional white LED is of great importance. In this work, the formation of an REE‐free white LED coating is demonstrated. This biocomposite material, composed of biological (crystalline nanocellulose and porcine gastric mucin) and organic (light‐emitting dyes) compounds, exhibits excellent optical and mechanical properties as well as resistance to heat, humidity, and UV radiation. The coating is further used to demonstrate a working white LED by incorporating it within a commercial blue LED.
Antigen‐Free Radionuclide‐Embedded Gold Nanoparticles for Dendritic Cell Maturation, Tracking, and Strong Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Lee Sang Bong , Lee Young Ju , Cho Sung Jin , Kim Sang Kyoon , Lee Sang‐Woo , Lee Jaetae , Lim Dong‐Kwon , Jeon Yong Hyun
Published: January 2018

Dendritic cell (DC)‐based cancer immunotherapy requires efficient maturation of DCs and sensitive monitoring of DCs localized in the lymph nodes that activate T cells. This paper reports a robust and simple surface chemistry for highly sensitive and stable radionuclide‐embedded gold nanoparticles (Poly‐Y‐RIe‐AuNPs) prepared with oligotyrosine‐modified AuNPs with additional Au shell formation as a promising positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging agent. The multiple oligotyrosine binding sites modified on AuNPs provide excellent stability for conjugated radioisotopes by forming an Au shell. They can be heavily conjugated with radioisotope iodine, which enables sensitive tracking of DCs in the lymphatic system. More importantly, it is found that the maturation of DCs is possible solely with Poly‐Y‐RIe‐AuNPs without any additional stimulus for DC maturation. DCs matured by Poly‐Y‐RIe‐AuNPs induce antitumor immunity to cervical cancer comparable to that produced from DCs pulsated with tumor lysates. These results demonstrate that the peptide‐based surface chemistry of Poly‐Y‐RIe‐AuNPs is a simple and straightforward method to produce a highly sensitive and stable nuclear medicine imaging agent that also improves the efficiency of current antitumor immunotherapies.
Zero‐Depth Interfacial Nanopore Capillaries
Authors: Arjmandi‐Tash Hadi , Bellunato Amedeo , Wen Chenyu , Olsthoorn René C. , Scheicher Ralph H. , Zhang Shi‐Li , Schneider Grégory F.
Published: January 2018

High‐fidelity analysis of translocating biomolecules through nanopores demands shortening the nanocapillary length to a minimal value. Existing nanopores and capillaries, however, inherit a finite length from the parent membranes. Here, nanocapillaries of zero depth are formed by dissolving two superimposed and crossing metallic nanorods, molded in polymeric slabs. In an electrolyte, the interface shared by the crossing fluidic channels is mathematically of zero thickness and defines the narrowest constriction in the stream of ions through the nanopore device. This novel architecture provides the possibility to design nanopore fluidic channels, particularly with a robust 3D architecture maintaining the ultimate zero thickness geometry independently of the thickness of the fluidic channels. With orders of magnitude reduced biomolecule translocation speed, and lowered electronic and ionic noise compared to nanopores in 2D materials, the findings establish interfacial nanopores as a scalable platform for realizing nanofluidic systems, capable of single‐molecule detection.
Solid Electrolyte Layers by Solution Deposition
Authors: Lim Hee‐Dae , Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Xing Xing , Lee Byoung‐Sun , Liu Haodong , Coaty Christopher , Kim Hyungjun , Liu Ping
Published: January 2018

Solid state batteries hold the promise of enhanced safety and higher energy density over conventional lithium‐ion batteries with flammable organic electrolytes. However, advancement of solid electrolyte materials has yet to translate into practical batteries due to the need to process the powders into thin sheets with high pressure compaction and high temperature sintering. Here, a new strategy is developed for synthesizing sulfide‐based solid electrolyte using low‐temperature solution processing, which is a simple and potentially cost‐effective way to make a thin solid electrolyte layer. By controlling the stoichiometric ratio of Li2S and S, soluble polysulfides are produced in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, which are reacted with P2S5 to form a conductive Li3PS4 solid electrolyte. It is demonstrated that a dense solid electrolyte layer can be directly formed on Li metal with a high quality electrolyte/electrode interface, producing a solid electrolyte with promising electrochemical performance. Also, first‐principles calculations are conducted to elucidate the formation mechanisms behind the soluble intermediates and the solid electrolyte layers.
Fracture‐Induced Mechanoelectrical Sensitivities of Paper‐Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Jinyuan , Lee Gil‐Yong , Cerwyn Chiew , Yang Jinkyu , Fondjo Fabrice , Kim Jong‐Hoon , Taya Minoru , Gao Dayong , Chung Jae‐Hyun
Published: January 2018

Nanostructured composites built with microporous cellulose fibers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have potential impacts in the fields of energy storage, sensors, and flexible electronics. Few results have been shown for high mechanoelectrical sensitivity of CNT‐paper composite because of numerous current paths in the network. Here, CNT‐paper‐based nanostructured composite sensors whose sensitivities are generated by controlled tensile fracture of the composite are presented. Under uniaxial load, the cellulose fibers in the paper experience straightening, stiffening, and fracture. The cellulose fibers originally parallel to the tension are fractured while those inclined and perpendicular to the tension are reorganized to form crossbar junctions in the vicinity of a crack. The cross junctions exhibit resistive and capacitive sensitivity to the out‐of‐plane force by the compression of the junctions. Such piezoresistive and piezocapacitive sensitivities are characterized and evaluated for human behavior monitoring.
Lead Halide Perovskite Based Microdisk Lasers for On‐Chip Integrated Photonic Circuits
Authors: Wang Shuai , Liu Yilin , Li Gang , Zhang Jing , Zhang Nan , Xiao Shumin , Song Qinghai
Published: January 2018

Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites (MAPbX3, MA = CH3NH3, X = Br, Cl, I) are intensively studied due to their unique properties and potential applications in optoelectronic devices. However, up to now, the MAPbX3 microdevices such as solar cells, lasers, and photodetectors are studied individually and their potentials in optical integration are rarely explored. Herein it is experimentally demonstrated that MAPbBr3 microdisks can be directly coupled to MAPbBr3 bus waveguides, enabling the possibility of all‐perovskite photonic networks for the first time. The MAPbBr3 microdisks with bus waveguides are fabricated with a well‐controlled top‐down fabrication technique and their laser characteristics are determined through optical excitations. In contrast to an isolated device, the lasers in perovskite microdisks can be coupled to bus waveguides via the evanescent coupling. In addition, it is shown that the outputs along bus waveguide can be switched from bidirectional emissions to unidirectional emission by introducing internal chirality to optical resonances. Considering the wide applications of perovskites in microlasers, waveguides, solar cells, and even photodetectors, this research shall pave a new way to all‐perovskite‐based self‐powered on‐chip photonic circuits.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Secondary α‐Haloamides with Terminal Alkynes: Access to Diverse 2,3‐Allenamides
Authors: Lv Yunhe , Pu Weiya , Zhu Xueli , Zhao Tiantian , Lin Feifei
Published: January 2018

A copper‐catalyzed C(sp)−C(sp3) cross‐coupling of terminal alkynes with readily available secondary α‐haloamides for the efficient synthesis of 2,3‐allenamides is realized. The methodology is characterized by its wide substrate scope, which makes it an important complement to traditional methods for synthesizing allenes. A mechanism involving an alkynylcopper species is proposed.

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3D Fabrication with Integration Molding of a Graphene Oxide/Polycaprolactone Nanoscaffold for Neurite Regeneration and Angiogenesis
Authors: Qian Yun , Song Jialin , Zhao Xiaotian , Chen Wei , Ouyang Yuanming , Yuan Weien , Fan Cunyi
Published: January 2018

Treating peripheral nerve injury faces major challenges and may benefit from bioactive scaffolds due to the limited autograft resources. Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial with excellent physical and chemical properties. GO has functional groups that confer biocompatibility that is better than that of graphene. Here, GO/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoscaffolds are fabricated using an integration molding method. The nanoscaffolds exhibit many merits, including even GO nanoparticle distribution, macroporous structure, and strong mechanical support. Additionally, the process enables excellent quality control. In vitro studies confirm the advantages of the GO/PCL nanoscaffolds in terms of Schwann cell proliferation, viability, and attachment, as well as neural characteristics maintenance. This is the first study to evaluate the in vivo performance of GO‐based nanoscaffolds in this context. GO release and PCL biodegradation is analyzed after long‐term in vivo study. It is also found that the GO/PCL nerve guidance conduit could successfully repair a 15 mm sciatic nerve defect. The pro‐angiogenic characteristic of GO is evaluated in vivo using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the AKT‐endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway might play a major role in the angiogenic process. These findings demonstrate that the GO/PCL nanoscaffold efficiently promotes functional and morphological recovery in peripheral nerve regeneration, indicating its promise for tissue engineering applications.
High Performance Multiwall Carbon Nanotube–Insulator–Metal Tunnel Diode Arrays for Optical Rectification
Authors: Anderson Erik C. , Bougher Thomas L. , Cola Baratunde A.
Published: January 2018

This work reports important fundamental advancements in multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) rectenna devices by creating and optimizing new diode structures to allow optical rectification with air‐stable devices. The incorporation of double‐insulator layer tunnel diodes, fabricated for the first time on MWCNT arrays, enables the use of air‐stable top metals (Al and Ag) with excellent asymmetry for rectification applications. Asymmetry is increased by as much as 10 times, demonstrating the effectiveness of incorporating multiple dielectric layers to control electron tunneling in MWCNT diode structures. MWCNT tip opening also reduces device resistance up to 75% due to an increase in diode contact area to MWCNT inner walls. This effect is consistent for different oxide materials and thicknesses. A number of insulator layers, including Al2O3, HfO2, TiO2, ZnO, and ZrO2, in both single‐ and then double‐insulator configurations are tested. Resistance increases exponentially with insulator thickness and decreases with electron affinity. These results are used to characterize double‐insulator diode performance. Finally, for the most asymmetric device structure, Al2O3‐HfO2 (4/4 nm), optical rectification at a frequency of 470 THz (638 nm) is demonstrated. These results open the door for designing efficient MWCNT rectenna devices with more material flexibility, including air‐stable, transparent, and conductive top electrode materials.
Luminescence Imaging Characterization of Perovskite Solar Cells: A Note on the Analysis and Reporting the Results
Authors: Soufiani Arman Mahboubi , Kim Jincheol , Ho‐Baillie Anita , Green Martin , Hameiri Ziv
Published: January 2018

In this essay, the authors use two properly encapsulated high‐efficiency mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which use a state‐of‐the‐art perovskite composition (HC(NH2)2PbI3)0.85(CH3NH3PbBr3)0.15 with excess PbI2 as the active layer, to demonstrate the potential effect of dynamical electroluminescence responses on the analysis and interpretation of PSCs electrical characteristic. The essay does not aim to determine how to overcome this issue, nor to investigate its physical/chemical origin, although tentative propositions are made; but rather, to warn researchers in the field about the interpretation and reporting the results obtained from luminescence imaging measurements and the effect of image collection timing on the results. This is a critical message since the authors predict that luminescence imaging techniques will soon become one of the key tools for PSCs characterization, both for long‐term stability assessment and fabrication process optimization.
Recent Progress of the Solid‐State Electrolytes for High‐Energy Metal‐Based Batteries
Authors: Fan Lei , Wei Shuya , Li Siyuan , Li Qi , Lu Yingying
Published: January 2018

Secondary batteries based on metal anodes (e.g., Li, Na, Mg, Zn, and Al) are among the most sought‐after candidates for next‐generation mobile and stationary storage systems because they are able to store a larger amount of energy per unit mass or volume. However, unstable electrodeposition and uncontrolled interfacial reactions occuring in liquid electrolytes cause unsatisfying cell performance and potential safety concerns for the commercial application of these metal anodes. Solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) having a higher modulus are considered capable of inhibiting difficulties associated with the anodes and may enable building of safe all‐solid‐state metal batteries, yet several challenges, such as insufficient room‐temperature ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability between the electrode and the electrolyte, hinder the large‐scale development of such batteries. Here, research and development of SSEs including inorganic ceramics, organic solid polymers, and organic–inorganic hybrid/composite materials for metal‐based batteries are reviewed. The comparison of different types of electrolytes is discussed in detail, in the context of electrochemical energy storage applications. Then, the focus of this study is on recent advances in a range of attractive and innovative battery chemistries and technologies that are enabled by SSEs. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives are outlined to foresee the development of SSEs.
From Molecular Packing Structures to Electronic Processes: Theoretical Simulations for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Han Guangchao , Yi Yuanping , Shuai Zhigang
Published: January 2018

Molecular packing structures in the active layers have a crucial impact on the electronic processes for organic solar cells. To date, however, it is still difficult to probe molecular self‐assembling and packing structures at the atomic level by experimental techniques, which is hindering reliable understanding of the structure–property relationship. Accordingly, theoretical simulations provide a useful tool and are becoming more and more important. Here, recent advances in theoretical simulations for organic solar cells are reviewed. First, a brief introduction of theoretical methodologies, including the strategies of molecular dynamics simulations of active‐layer processing procedures and quantum‐chemical methods for calculating electron transfer processes, is given. Then, the influences of molecular packing structures on charge generation, charge recombination, and charge transport are analyzed and discussed from a theoretical perspective. Finally, prospects and challenges are pointed out for theoretical prediction of the electrical characteristics and photoelectric conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells from molecular structures.
Natural Leaf Made Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Environmental Mechanical Energy
Authors: Jie Yang , Jia Xueting , Zou Jingdian , Chen Yandong , Wang Ning , Wang Zhong Lin , Cao Xia
Published: January 2018

Distributed environmental mechanical energy is rarely collected due to its fluctuating amplitudes and low frequency, which is usually attributed as “random” energy. Considering the rapid development of the Internet of things (IoT), there is a great need for a large number of distributed and sustainable power sources. Here, a natural leaf assembled triboelectric nanogenerator (Leaf‐TENG) is designed by utilizing the green leaf as an electrification layer and electrode to effectively harvest environmental mechanical energy. The Leaf‐TENG with good adaptability has the maximum output power of ≈45 mW m−2, which is capable of driving advertising LEDs and commercial electronic temperature sensors. Besides, a tree‐shaped energy harvester is integrated with natural Leaf‐TENG to harvest large‐area environmental mechanical energy. This work provides a new prospect for distributed and environmental‐friendly power sources and has potential applications in the IoT and self‐powered systems.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Indoline–Benzodiazepine Scaffold Catalyzed by Chiral Imidodiphosphoric Acids
Authors: Gao Jigang , Chen Yingying , Zhou Tianyun , Liu Guofeng , An Dong , Zhuo Minghua , Zhang Guangliang , Zhang Suoqin
Published: January 2018

Chiral indoline–benzodiazepines were synthesized via an enantioselective Pictet–Spengler‐type reaction catalyzed by chiral imidodiphosphoric acids. A variety of substitution patterns were achieved at room temperature by using 5 mol % catalysts with high yields (up to 97 %) and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee).
A Versatile Ligand Platform for Palladium‐ and Nickel‐Catalyzed Ethylene Copolymerization with Polar Monomers
Authors: Chen Min , Chen Changle
Published: January 2018

The ability to carry out transition‐metal‐catalyzed copolymerizations of olefins with polar monomers is a great challenge in the field of olefin polymerization. Palladium has been the dominant player in this field, while its low‐cost nickel counterpart has only achieved very limited success. We report the synthesis and evaluation of a highly versatile platform based on diphosphazane monoxide ligands. Both palladium and nickel catalysts bearing these ligands mediate the copolymerization of ethylene with a number of fundamental polar monomers.
Fluoroethylene Carbonate Enabling a Robust LiF‐rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase to Enhance the Stability of the MoS2 Anode for Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhu Zhiqiang , Tang Yuxin , Lv Zhisheng , Wei Jiaqi , Zhang Yanyan , Wang Renheng , Zhang Wei , Xia Huarong , Ge Mingzheng , Chen Xiaodong
Published: January 2018

As a high‐capacity anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), MoS2 suffers from short lifespan that is due in part to its unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The cycle life of MoS2 can be greatly extended by manipulating the SEI with a fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive. The capacity of MoS2 in the electrolyte with 10 wt % FEC stabilizes at about 770 mAh g−1 for 200 cycles at 1 A g−1, which far surpasses the FEC‐free counterpart (ca. 40 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles). The presence of FEC enables a robust LiF‐rich SEI that can effectively inhibit the continual electrolyte decomposition. A full cell with a LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2 cathode also gains improved performance in the FEC‐containing electrolyte. These findings reveal the importance of controlling SEI formation on MoS2 toward promoted lithium storage, opening a new avenue for developing metal sulfides as high‐capacity electrodes for LIBs.
Stress reactivity and pain‐mediated stress regulation in remitted patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Willis Franziska , Kuniss Sarah , Kleindienst Nikolaus , Lis Stefanie , Naoum Janina , Jungkunz Martin , Neukel Corinne , Bohus Martin , Treede Rolf‐Detlef , Baumgärtner Ulf , Schmahl Christian
Published: January 2018

Objective

Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) use nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) to cope with states of elevated inner tension. It is unclear to what extent remitted BPD patients experience these states and whether the experience of pain still regulates emotion. The purpose of this study was the investigation of baseline stress levels, stress reactivity, and pain‐mediated stress regulation in remitted BPD patients.

Method

Subjective and objective stress parameters were assessed in 30 remitted BPD patients, 30 current BPD patients, and 30 healthy controls. After stress induction, a non‐nociceptive tactile stimulus, a tissue‐injuring, or a noninvasive pain stimulus was applied to the right volar forearm.

Results

Baseline stress levels of remitted BPD patients lie in between the stress levels of current BPD patients and healthy controls. Urge for NSSI increased significantly more in current than remitted BPD patients. The experience of pain led to a greater decrease of arousal in current compared to remitted BPD patients and healthy controls.

Conclusions

States of increased tension still seem to appear in remitted BPD patients. The role of pain‐mediated stress regulation appears to be reduced in remitted patients.