bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resource selection in an endangered butterfly: Females select native nectar species
Authors: Thomas Rhiannon C. , Schultz Cheryl B.
Published: October 2015

Management of at‐risk species requires attention to species‐specific resource requirements. In butterflies, lack of information on resource selection in adults limits conservation. We investigated nectar plant use and selection by Fender's blue butterfly (Plebejus [= Icaricia] icarioides fenderi), a species endangered by loss of over 99% of prairie habitat in Oregon's Willamette Valley, USA. We observed 156 male and 75 female nectaring bouts by Fender's blue at 3 sites across the range of the species concurrent with weekly surveys of nectar availability. Overall, 53% of nectar uses by males and 20% of uses by females were on non‐native species. Of the 24 plant species used by males and females, 8 species accounted for 86% of uses. Tests of resource selection (Wilkes λ) using compositional analysis for these 8 species were significant, indicating that nectar resources were used selectively, rather than in proportion to availability. Females selected native nectar species over non‐native species, whereas patterns for males were less clear. This study highlights the importance of differentiating between males and females when examining habitat requirements for endangered species. In addition, understanding how specific non‐native species are used by endangered species will help managers decide when they should be removed or conserved. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Südwest — Tagung am 12.03.2015 in Geisenheim
Authors: Lachenmeier D. W. , Cetraz M. , Schön A.
Published: October 2015

Brennwerte von alkoholfreiem Bier im Vergleich zu alkoholhaltigem Bier
Gastrocnemius muscle architecture and achilles tendon properties influence walking distance in claudicants with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: King Stephanie Louise , Vanicek Natalie , O'brien Thomas Daniel
Published: October 2015

Introduction

The extent to which gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon properties contribute to the impaired walking endurance of claudicants is not known.

Methods

Ultrasound images quantified muscle architecture of the lateral and medial gastrocnemius (GL and GM) and were combined with dynamometry during plantarflexor contractions to calculate tendon stress, strain, stiffness, the Young modulus, and hysteresis. Key parameters were entered into multiple regression models to explain walking endurance.

Results

Worse disease severity was significantly associated with longer fascicle: tendon length ratios (GL R = ‐0.789 and GM R = ‐0.828) and increased tendon hysteresis (R = ‐0.740). Walking endurance could be explained by GL and GM pennation angle, maximum tendon force, tendon hysteresis, and disease severity (R2 = ∼0.6).

Conclusions

Peripheral arterial disease was associated with functionally important changes in muscle and tendon properties, including the usage of stored elastic energy. Interventions known to target these characteristics should be adopted as a means to improve walking endurance. Muscle Nerve 53: 733–741, 2016
Brain sonography insight into the midbrain in myotonic dystrophy type 2
Authors: Rakocevic‐stojanovic Vidosava , Peric Stojan , Savic‐pavicevic Dusanka , Pesovic Jovan , Mesaros Sarlota , Lavrnic Dragana , Jovanovic Zagorka , Pavlovic Aleksandra
Published: October 2015

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze transcranial sonography (TCS) findings in genetically confirmed myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) patients. Methods: Forty DM2 patients and 38 gender‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent TCS through the pre‐auricular acoustic bone window. Results: Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity was found in 20% of DM2 patients compared with 3% of HCs. Brainstem raphe (BR) hypoechogenicity was more common in DM2 patients compared with HCs (56% vs. 10%, P < 0.01), and it was more common in patients with fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness (P < 0.05). Diameter of the third ventricle was increased in DM2 patients compared with HCs (5.8 ± 1.7 vs. 5.1 ± 1.0 mm, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Finding BR hypoechogenicity might have clinical implication because of the potential response to serotonin‐reuptake inhibitors. TCS revealed alterations in brain structures previously not seen in MRI studies. Muscle Nerve 53: 700–704, 2016
Modeling of T2* decay in vertebral bone marrow fat quantification
Authors: Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Ruschke Stefan , Dieckmeyer Michael , Eggers Holger , Kooijman Hendrik , Rummeny Ernst J. , Bauer Jan S. , Baum Thomas
Published: October 2015

Bone marrow fat fraction mapping using chemical shift encoding‐based water–fat separation is becoming a useful tool in investigating the association between bone marrow adiposity and bone health and in assessing cancer treatment‐induced bone marrow damage. Vertebral bone marrow is characterized by short T2* relaxation times, which are in general different for the water and fat components and can confound fat quantification. The purpose of the present study is to compare different approaches to T2* correction in chemical shift encoding‐based water–fat imaging of vertebral bone marrow using single‐voxel MRS as reference. Eight‐echo gradient‐echo imaging and single‐voxel MRS measurements were made on the spine (L3–L5) of 25 healthy volunteers. Different approaches were evaluated for correction of T2* effects: (a) single‐T2* correction, (b) dual‐T2* correction, (c) T2' correction using the a priori‐known T2 from the MRS at each vertebral body and (d) T2' correction using the a priori‐known T2 equal to previously measured average values. Dual‐T2* correction resulted in noisier imaging fat fraction maps than single‐T2* correction or T2' correction using a priori‐known T2. Linear regression analysis between imaging and MRS fat fraction showed a slope significantly different from 1 when using single‐T2* correction (R2 = 0.96) or dual‐T2* correction (R2 = 0.87). T2' correction using the a priori‐known T2 resulted in a slope not significantly different from 1, an intercept significantly different from 0 (between 2.4% and 3%) and R2 = 0.96. Therefore, a T2' correction using a priori‐known T2 can remove the fat fraction bias induced by the difference in T2* between water and fat components without degrading noise performance in fat fraction mapping of vertebral bone marrow. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides
Authors: Lele Deepti S. , Dwivedi Rohini , Kumari Saroj , Kaur Kanwal J.
Published: October 2015

The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline‐rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. Their glycosylated analogs‐bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide‐containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β‐d‐glucosyl‐formaecin I and β‐d‐glucosyl‐drosocin, respectively. We observed neither major secondary structural alterations studied by circular dichroism nor substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs. The comparative analyses of antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin displayed that β‐d‐maltosyl‐formaecin I and β‐d‐maltosyl‐drosocin were more potent than that of respective β‐d‐Glc‐analog, β‐d‐cellobiosyl‐analog and β‐d‐lactosyl‐analog. Despite the differences in their antibacterial activity, all the analogs exhibited comparable binding affinity to DnaK that has been reported as one of the targets for proline‐rich class of antibacterial peptides. The comparative–quantitative internalization studies of differentially active analogs revealed the differences in their uptake into bacterial cells. Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline‐rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. Copyright © 2015 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local structure around Zn and Ga in solution‐processed In–Ga–Zn–O and implications for electronic properties
Authors: Revenant Christine , Benwadih Mohammed , Proux Olivier
Published: October 2015

We study by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy the local structure around Zn and Ga in solution‐processed In–Ga–Zn–O thin films as a function of thermal annealing. Zn and Ga environments are amorphous up to 450 °C. At 200 °C and 450 °C, the Ga atoms are in a β‐Ga2O3 like structure, mostly tetrahedral gallium oxide phase. Above 300 °C, the Zn atoms are in a tetrahedral ZnO phase for atoms inside the nanoclusters. The observed formation of the inorganic structure above 300 °C may be correlated to the rise of the mobility for IGZO TFTs. The Zn atoms localized at the nanocluster boundary are undercoordinated with O. Such ZnO cluster boundary could be responsible for electronic defect levels. Such defect levels were put in evidence in the upper half of the band gap. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Brassinin Combined with Capsaicin Enhances Apoptotic and Anti‐metastatic Effects in PC‐3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Kim Sung‐Moo , Oh Eun Young , Lee Jong Hyun , Nam Dongwoo , Lee Seok Geun , Lee Junhee , Kim Sung‐Hoon , Shim Bum Sang , Ahn Kwang Seok
Published: October 2015

Brassinin (BSN), a type of indole compound derived from cruciferous vegetables, has shown anti‐cancer effects in cells and animals. Capsaicin (CAP), an alkaloid derived from the chilli pepper, is also of interest in for its reported efficacy against various malignancies. The objective of our study was to analyze the potential synergistic anti‐tumor effects of BSN combined with CAP on prostate cancer PC‐3 cells. After treatment with BSN and CAP at various concentrations, the synergistic cytotoxic effect of PC‐3 cells was analyzed by MTT method, proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, colony formation, and Western blotting. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of BSN and CAP on the constitutive expressions of MMP‐9/2, their enzymatic activities, cellular migration, and cell invasion were also investigated. The cytotoxicity was synergistically increased in combination compared with the single drug used; moreover, proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and colony formation were significantly suppressed and anti‐apoptotic‐, proliferative‐, and metastatic‐related proteins were clearly abolished in the combination group. Besides, constitutive MMP‐9/2 expression, their enzymatic activities, cell migration, and tumor cell invasion were inhibited, and TIMP‐1 was up‐regulated in the combination group in PC‐3 cells. Our results indicate, for the first time, that BSN and CAP in combination exert synergistic anticancer effects in prostate carcinoma. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Similarity scaling systems for stably stratified turbulent flows
Authors: Sorbjan Zbigniew
Published: October 2015

The article discusses the gradient‐based similarity theory in stably stratified turbulent flows. Gradient‐based similarity scales are classified into two categories, referred to as explicit and implicit. The explicit scaling employs the length scale as a specified function of height above the underlying surface. Within the implicit type, the length scale is locally related to various moments of turbulence. The form of the gradient‐based similarity functions, for the three considered implicit scaling systems, is obtained by the renormalization of explicit‐type expressions. Similarity functions for the dissipation‐type scaling are compared with data obtained during the SHEBA experiment in the Arctic surface layer. Since the implicit approach is not directly dependent on height, it can be applied not only in the stable boundary layer, but also in other stably stratified turbulent flows in the upper atmosphere, in lakes, and in oceans.
An Open Research Facility for Vision‐Based Navigation Onboard the International Space Station
Authors: Tweddle Brent E. , Setterfield Timothy P. , Saenz‐Otero Alvar , Miller David W.
Published: October 2015

This paper describes the VERTIGO Goggles, a hardware upgrade to the SPHERES satellites that enables vision‐based navigation research in the 6 degree‐of‐freedom, microgravity environment of the International Space Station (ISS). The Goggles include stereo cameras, an embedded x86 computer, a high‐speed wireless communications system, and the associated electromechanical and software systems. The Goggles were designed to be a modular, expandable, and upgradable “open research test bed” that have been used for a variety of other experiments by external researchers. In February 2013, the Goggles successfully completed a hardware checkout on the ISS and was used for initial vision‐based navigation research. This checkout included a successful camera calibration by an astronaut onboard the ISS. This paper describes the requirements, design, and operation of this test bed as well as the experimental results of its first checkout operations.
A log‐linear multidimensional Rasch model for capture–recapture
Authors: Pelle E. , Hessen D. J. , van der Heijden P. G. M.
Published: October 2015

In this paper, a log‐linear multidimensional Rasch model is proposed for capture–recapture analysis of registration data. In the model, heterogeneity of capture probabilities is taken into account, and registrations are viewed as dichotomously scored indicators of one or more latent variables that can account for correlations among registrations. It is shown how the probability of a generic capture profile is expressed under the log‐linear multidimensional Rasch model and how the parameters of the traditional log‐linear model are derived from those of the log‐linear multidimensional Rasch model. Finally, an application of the model to neural tube defects data is presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Waste ceramic dust activated by gamma radiation and coupling agents as reinforcement for nitrile rubber
Authors: El‐Nemr Khaled F. , El‐Naggar Mona Y. , Fathy E.S.
Published: October 2015

The effect of silicate load in waste ceramic dust on characteristics and performance of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber has been investigated. In order to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the rubber matrix and the filler, the latter was activated with two different types of coupling agents, vinyltriethoxysilane (SN) and maleic anhydride (MA), and then subjected to gamma rays at 100 kGy. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction techniques were implemented to feature how the unmodified and modified waste ceramic dust were affected by the coupling agents. The effect of filler incorporation ratio on the physicomechanical and thermal properties of the rubber was studied. Mechanical properties, namely tensile strength, elongation at break, elastic modulus, and hardness, showed increases with both coupling agents. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:37–43, 2018. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Autonomous and adaptive beaconing strategy for multi‐interfaced wireless mobile nodes
Authors: Tahar Rafaa , Dhraief Amine , Belghith Abdelfettah , Mathkour Hassan , Braham Rafik
Published: October 2015

Ad hoc wireless communications rely on beaconing to manage and maintain several network operations and to share relevant network parameters among network nodes. Beacon frames are sent at the start of each beacon interval. The frequency of beaconing depends on whether beacon intervals are fixed size or may be adapted and regulated according to the perceived network and workload conditions. On the other hand, current mobile nodes usually embed several heterogeneous wireless interfaces that urge the design of an adaptive beaconing strategy. In this paper, we propose an autonomous and adaptive beaconing strategy for multi‐interfaced mobile wireless nodes that is capable of regulating the beacon interval size dynamically according to the perceived network conditions. The proposed strategy is based on a joint dynamic estimation of both the announcement traffic indication message (ATIM) window and the beyond‐ATIM window sizes for each beacon interval. Extensive simulations were conducted using OMNeT++ to ascertain the improvements achieved by autonomously regulating the entire beacon interval to take into account the network and workload conditions. Obtained results showed that the two proposed approaches improve significantly the efficiency of the network in terms of throughput, end‐to‐end delay, and power consumption. The proposed fixed beacon interval (fixed‐BI) approach stands as an enhanced version of the power‐saving multi‐channel MAC protocol (PSM‐MMAC). The proposed variable beacon interval (variable‐BI) approach, which regulates dynamically both of the ATIM and the beyond‐ATIM windows, outperforms both the fixed‐BI and the PSM‐MMAC. In particular, under nominal traffic loads, the end‐to‐end delay of the variable‐BI is much lower than those provided by the fixed‐BI and PSM‐MMAC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐level models of polycrystalline elastoviscoplasticity: Complex loading under large deformations
Authors: Trusov Peter V. , Volegov Pavel S. , Yanz Anton Yu.
Published: October 2015

This paper considers the application of multilevel mathematical models describing processes of severe inelastic deformations of monocrystals and polycrystals that requires the usage of geometrically and physically nonlinear constitutive relations. In order to describe the behavior of a representative macrovolume, a two‐level model based on the physical theory of elastoviscoplasticity is used. The motion of rigid corotating frame describing quasi‐rigid motion is determined by a macrolevel motion decomposition hypothesis. The following macrolevel hypotheses are considered: (1) the representative volume total motion is a deformational one; (2) the motion is decomposed into a deformational and a rigid ones with a spin being determined by an averaging of the mesolevel spins; (3) quasi‐solid and deformational motions are determined by corresponding skew‐symmetrical and symmetrical parts of the macrolevel displacement velocity gradient. In order to describe experimentally known effects observed under complex loading the questions related to the application of mono‐ and poly‐crystals inelastic deformation multilevel models based on crystal plasticity theories are discussed. In particular, a polycrystalline metals inelastic deformation of the two‐level model is used to consider the scalar and vector properties lagging effects arising during deformation path breakage within the Ilyushin's space: the isotropy postulate fulfillment is discussed and a possible explanation for the effects based on physical consideration is provided.
MicroRNA‐339, an epigenetic modulating target is involved in human gastric carcinogenesis through targeting NOVA1
Authors: Shen Bo , Zhang Yan , Yu Shaorong , Yuan Yuan , Zhong Yuejiao , Lu Jianwei , Feng Jifeng
Published: October 2015

The role of miR‐339 in human gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Here, we found that miR‐339 is remarkably decreased in primary GC tissues. Overexpression of miR‐339 in GC cells significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity. Furthermore, NOVA1 was confirmed as a target of miR‐339. Restoration of NOVA1 in miR‐339‐overexpressing GC cells partially impaired the inhibitory effects of miR‐339. More importantly, epigenetic modification may be involved in the modulation of miR‐339 expression. These findings uncover a novel role for miR‐339 in gastric carcinogenesis, and restoration of miR‐339 could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for GC treatment.
Dietary intake in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: validation of the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies version 2 FFQ against a 3-d weighed food record and 24-h urinalysis
Authors: Petersen Kristina S. , Smith Jacqueline M. , Clifton Peter M. , Keogh Jennifer B.
Published: October 2015

The Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies version 2 (DQES v2) FFQ has not been validated in adults with diabetes. The aim was to determine the agreement between the DQES v2 FFQ and a 3-d weighed food record (WFR) and 24-h urinalysis in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The DQES v2 FFQ and a 3-d WFR were completed on one occasion for measurement of food and nutrient intake. A 24-h urine sample was provided for measurement of Na and K excretion. Participants were sixty-seven adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes recruited from the community. Nutrient intake reported in the FFQ was within 20 % of the corresponding intake level reported in the WFR for the majority of nutrients. However, the 95 % limits of agreement showed large variation at an individual level between the two methods. There was a weak to moderate correlation between nutrient intake measured using the two methods and a moderate to high correlation for food intake. Quintile analysis showed that for the majority of foods and nutrients >60 % of participants were ranked within 1 quintile of the WFR ranking. The weighted κ values showed slight to moderate agreement between the two methods. Na intake was under-estimated in the FFQ by 25 % and K intake was over-estimated by 5 % compared with the 24-h urinalysis. In adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, it is appropriate to use the DQES v2 FFQ to measure food and nutrient intake at a group level.
A ROMAN-LAZI WAR IN THESUDA: A FRAGMENT OF PRISCUS?
Authors: Rance Philip
Published: October 2015

Sudaτ 134: Ταρσοὶ καλάμων. οἱ δὲ Λαζοὶ βόθρους ὀρύξαντες καὶ δόρατα τοῖς βόθροις ἐγκαταπήξαντες ταρσοῖς καλάμων καὶ ὕλῃ μὴ βεβαίαν ἐχούσῃ βάσιν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ ἐπιφερόμενον ἄχθος ὀλισθαινούσῃ, τὰ στόματα τῶν ὀρυγμάτων ἐκάλυψαν· καὶ χοῦν ἐπιβαλόντες τά τε παρ’ ἑκάτερα χωρία γεωργήσαντες καὶ πυροὺς σπείραντες ἐτροπώσαντο τοὺς Ῥωμαίους. Ταρσοὶ καλάμων παρ’ Ἡροδότῳ ἡ τρασιά (πρασιάmss), οὗ ἐξήραινον τὴν πλίνθον.

Frames of reeds. ‘The Lazi, having dug pits and securely fixed spears within them, concealed the openings of the holes with frames of reeds and material that has no firm foundation but would give way to any load placed upon it; and having thrown earth on top and tilled the ground to either side and sewn wheat, they put the Romans to flight.’ Frames of reeds in Herodotus are the drying-rack, where they used to dry bricks.

This entry in theSudacomprises three elements. First, the lemma Ταρσοὶ καλάμων, compared with the usual format of the lexicon, is atypical (though not unparalleled) both in being a two-word phrase and in lacking an explanatory gloss. The word ταρσός most frequently denotes various artefacts with a flat and/or interwoven structure, such as screens, baskets and mats, and by extension is used figuratively of surfaces that resemble wickerwork or basketry. The phrase ταρσοὶ καλάμων or καλάμου is otherwise attested, with somewhat different meanings, in only three ancient authors: Herodotus, Thucydides and Aeneas Tacticus. Second, an anonymous extract from an unidentified historical work supplies a sample usage of the headword phrase, in this instance a military ruse in which wicker screens are instrumental in concealing pits dug by the Lazi prior to an engagement with the Romans. The historical setting, the style and language of the extract, along with the known sources and methodology of the compiler(s) of theSuda, indicate that the quotation belongs to a classicizing historian of Late Antiquity. These issues will be examined below. Third, as testimony to an alternative meaning of ταρσοὶ καλάμων, the compiler adduces a gloss on Herodotus’Histories, which he drew from an earlier glossary of Herodotean usages. Here two problems arise. The definition of a drying-rack for bricks indicates that the original glossarist (and in turn theSudacompiler) did not in fact understand Herodotus’ technical description. In any case, the reading πρασιά, transmitted in all codices of theSuda, and accepted by Adler, should undoubtedly read τρασιά.
ARISTARCHUS’ WORK IN PROGRESS: WHAT DID ARISTONICUS AND DIDYMUS READ OF ARISTARCHUS?
Authors: Schironi Francesca
Published: October 2015

As is well known, the work of Aristarchus on Homer is not preserved by direct tradition. We have instead many fragments preserved mainly in the Homeric scholia, the Byzantine Etymologica and the Homeric commentaries by Eustathius of Thessalonica. These fragments go back to the so-called Viermännerkommentar (abbreviated VMK), the ‘commentary of the four men’, a commentary that is dated to the fifth-sixth century c.e. and collects the works of Aristonicus, Didymus, Nicanor and Herodian. In the first century b.c.e. Aristonicus explained the meaning of Aristarchus’ critical signs in a treatise called Περὶ τῶν σημείων τῶν τῆς ᾿Ιλιάδος καὶ ᾿Οδυσσείας, while in the Περὶ τῆς ᾿Αρισταρχείου διορθώσεως Didymus studied Aristarchus’ Homeric recension. In the second century c.e. two more scholars, Herodian and Nicanor, dealt with Aristarchus while analysing questions of prosody in the Homeric language (Herodian) or the punctuation of the Homeric text (Nicanor). Not all of these four ‘men’ are equally important, however, as sources for Aristarchus. In fact, Herodian and Nicanor had aims that were quite independent of Aristarchus’ enterprise: the former was concerned with problems of prosody, accentuation and aspiration in Homer, whereas the latter had developed a new system of punctuation to elucidate the Homeric text from a syntactic point of view. Although both Herodian and Nicanor did take an interest in Aristarchus, their focus was thus different from that of their Alexandrian predecessor. The goal of Aristonicus and Didymus, on the other hand, was specifically to reconstruct Aristarchus’ work on Homer; it is for this reason that they are considered the most trustworthy witnesses for Aristarchus’ fragments.
SOCIALISM ON SAFARI: WILDLIFE AND NATION-BUILDING IN POSTCOLONIAL TANZANIA, 1961–77
Authors: WEISKOPF JULIE M.
Published: October 2015

This article examines the fraught history of officials' innovative uses of wildlife in socialist Tanzania, as they pursued both international and domestic agendas with the country's wild fauna. Internationally, officials sought to enhance Tanzania's reputation and gain foreign support through its conservation policies and diplomatic use of wild animals. Domestically, officials recognized the utility of wildlife for a number of nation-building agendas, ranging from national identity to economic development. However, internal contradictions riddled the wildlife economy, creating difficulty for government officials and party leaders when balancing socialist commitments with an effective, market-driven industry.
Systematic psychosocial screening in a paediatric cardiology clinic: clinical utility of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17
Authors: Struemph Kari L. , Barhight Lydia R. , Thacker Deepika , Sood Erica
Published: October 2015

Objective

To examine the clinical utility of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 for identifying psychosocial concerns and improving access to psychology services within a paediatric cardiology clinic.

Method

Parents of 561 children (aged 4–17 years) presenting for follow-up of CHD, acquired heart disease, or arrhythmia completed the Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 as part of routine care; three items assessing parental (1) concern for learning/development, (2) questions about adjustment to cardiac diagnosis, and (3) interest in discussing concerns with a behavioural healthcare specialist were added to the questionnaire. A psychologist contacted the parents by phone if they indicated interest in speaking with a behavioural healthcare specialist.

Results

Percentages of children scoring above clinical cut-offs for externalising (10.5%), attention (8.7%), and total (9.3%) problems were similar to a “normative” primary-care sample, whereas fewer children in this study scored above the cut-off for internalising problems (7.8%; p<0.01). Sociodemographic, but not clinical, characteristics were associated with Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 scores. 17% of the parents endorsed concerns about learning/development, and 20% endorsed questions about adjustment to diagnosis. History of cardiac surgery was associated with increased concern about learning/development (p<0.01). Only 37% of the parents expressing psychosocial concerns reported interest in speaking with a psychologist.

Conclusions

The Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 may not be sensitive to specific difficulties experienced by this patient population. A questionnaire with greater focus on learning/development and adjustment to diagnosis may yield improved utility. Psychology integration in clinics serving high-risk cardiac patients may decrease barriers to behavioural healthcare services.
Evidence for the distribution of perchlorates on Mars
Authors: Clark Benton C. , Kounaves Samuel P.
Published: October 2015

Various Mars missions have detected Cl atoms, chlorides and perchlorates in martian surface materials. The global soils, in particular, always contain significant levels of observable Cl. Direct evidence points to this Cl being in the form of both chlorides and perchlorates, and possibly also chlorates and other oxychlorines. The most widespread measurements have been of Cl atoms, and cannot discern the chemical form. However, from separate evidence of perchlorate obtained at high latitudes (Phoenix lander) and low latitudes (Curiosity rover), it is likely that perchlorates are widespread, albeit in varying proportions relative to the total amount of ubiquitous Cl.
Suizid bei älteren Menschen – Risikofaktoren und Prävention
Authors: Linnemann Christoph , Leyhe Thomas
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung. Die Suizidrate in der Schweiz nimmt im höheren Lebensalter zu. Gerade in dieser Altersgruppe ist die Dunkelzifferproblematik bedeutsam. Suizid im Alter ist ein komplexes und multifaktorielles Geschehen. Besonders gefährdet sind vereinsamte alte Menschen. Hauptrisikofaktor für einen Suizid ist eine Depression, welche sich im Alter oft atypisch präsentiert, als normaler Prozess des Alterns fehlinterpretiert und nicht adäquat behandelt wird. Der konsequenten Erkennung, Prävention und Behandlung dieser Risikofaktoren kommt im Hinblick auf die Suizidprävention im Alter eine besondere Bedeutung zu.
Umgang mit dem suizidalen Patienten in der ambulanten Praxis
Authors: Lazic Slavica , Gaudlitz Katharina , Hättenschwiler Josef , Modestin Jiri
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung. Die adäquate Handhabung der Suizidalität gehört zu den wichtigsten Aufgaben in der ambulanten Praxis. Dabei präsentiert sich die Suizidalität sowohl in chronischer, als auch akuter Form, wie Beispiele belegen. Anhand von bekannten Risikofaktoren, inklusive aktuelle Psychopathologie und Psychodynamik, müssen die suizidale Gefährdung erkannt und die nötigen therapeutischen Massnahmen ergriffen werden. Einige dieser Massnahmen kommen generell zur Anwendung, einige werden störungsspezifisch angepasst. Die Suizidalität erfolgt meistens in einem interpersonellen Kontext. Dies unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit und das therapeutische Potential der optimalen Therapeut-Patient-Beziehung einerseits und begründet die häufig sehr hohe Belastung des ambulanten Therapeuten andererseits. Die Gegenübertragung und deren Kontrolle erfordern besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Auf die Erarbeitung eines Notfallplans und die Problematik des „Antisuizidvertrags“ wird eingegangen. Wir befürworten, mit dem Patienten zu vereinbaren, dass er den Therapeuten kontaktiert, sollte er sein Handeln nicht mehr ausreichend kontrollieren können und bieten dafür eine permanente Erreichbarkeit an.
Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for glioma
Authors: Kinnersley Ben , Labussière Marianne , Holroyd Amy , Di Stefano Anna-Luisa , Broderick Peter , Vijayakrishnan Jayaram , Mokhtari Karima , Delattre Jean-Yves , Gousias Konstantinos , Schramm Johannes , Schoemaker Minouk J. , Fleming Sarah J. , Herms Stefan , Heilmann Stefanie , Schreiber Stefan , Wichmann Heinz-Erich , Nöthen Markus M. , Swerdlow Anthony , Lathrop Mark , Simon Matthias , Bondy Melissa , Sanson Marc , Houlston Richard S.
Published: October 2015

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that common genetic variation contributes to the heritable risk of glioma. To identify new glioma susceptibility loci, we conducted a meta-analysis of four GWAS (totalling 4,147 cases and 7,435 controls), with imputation using 1000 Genomes and UK10K Project data as reference. After genotyping an additional 1,490 cases and 1,723 controls we identify new risk loci for glioblastoma (GBM) at 12q23.33 (rs3851634, near POLR3B, P=3.02 × 10−9) and non-GBM at 10q25.2 (rs11196067, near VTI1A, P=4.32 × 10−8), 11q23.2 (rs648044, near ZBTB16, P=6.26 × 10−11), 12q21.2 (rs12230172, P=7.53 × 10−11) and 15q24.2 (rs1801591, near ETFA, P=5.71 × 10−9). Our findings provide further insights into the genetic basis of the different glioma subtypes.
Molecular Insights into Aqueous NaCl Electrolytes Confined within Vertically-oriented Graphenes
Authors: Bo Zheng , Yang Huachao , Zhang Shuo , Yang Jinyuan , Yan Jianhua , Cen Kefa
Published: October 2015

Vertically-oriented graphenes (VGs) are promising active materials for electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) due to their unique morphological and structural features. This study, for the first time, reports the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on aqueous NaCl electrolytes confined within VG channels with different surface charge densities and channel widths. Simulation results show that the accessibility of ions and the structure of EDLCs are determined by the ion type/size, surface charging and VG channel width. For relatively narrow VG channels with the same width, the threshold charge density (to compensate the energy penalty for shedding hydration shell) and the dehydration rate of Cl− ions are larger than those of Na+ ions. To achieve the highest ion concentration coefficient, the effective VG channel width should be between the crystal and hydration diameters of the ions. The results are further quantified and elucidated by calculating the electrolyte density profiles. The molecular insights obtained in the current work are useful in guiding the design and fabrication of VGs for advancing their EDLC applications.
Seroepidemiology of mumps in the general population of Jiangsu province, China after introduction of a one-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine
Authors: Liu Yuanbao , Hu Ying , Deng Xiuying , Wang Zhiguo , Lu Peishan , Ma Fubao , Zhou Minghao , Liu Pei , Min Jie
Published: October 2015

The mumps surveillance data from 2004 to 2011 showed that the incidence of mumps remained high after the one-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine was introduced in China in 2008. A cross-sectional survey of mumps IgG in the general population of Jiangsu province was conducted in 2012 to gain comprehensive information on the immunity profile of the general population. The mean incidence was 15.2 per 100 000 individuals in Jiangsu province from 2004–2013. Two mumps incidence peaks were observed each year after introduction of the one-dose MMR vaccine. The seroprevalence did not significantly differ by region or sex, while the GMC significantly differed by region and sex. The overall GMC in Jiangsu province was 99.1 IU/ml (95% CI: 90.1–108.2), while the seroprevalence was only 59.1% (95% CI: 56.5–61.6). The seroprevalences for the 2 age groups that received the one-dose MMR vaccine, with reported coverage exceeding 95%, were 42.6% and 70.0%, respectively. The data on the incidence, MMR coverage and seroprevalence in children younger than 6 years of age indicate that a two-dose MMR strategy should be considered. Mumps surveillance should be strengthened in children aged 6–11 and in those aged 12–17 because of their high contact rates and relatively low seroprevalences.
Bootstrap percolation on spatial networks
Authors: Gao Jian , Zhou Tao , Hu Yanqing
Published: October 2015

Bootstrap percolation is a general representation of some networked activation process, which has found applications in explaining many important social phenomena, such as the propagation of information. Inspired by some recent findings on spatial structure of online social networks, here we study bootstrap percolation on undirected spatial networks, with the probability density function of long-range links’ lengths being a power law with tunable exponent. Setting the size of the giant active component as the order parameter, we find a parameter-dependent critical value for the power-law exponent, above which there is a double phase transition, mixed of a second-order phase transition and a hybrid phase transition with two varying critical points, otherwise there is only a second-order phase transition. We further find a parameter-independent critical value around −1, about which the two critical points for the double phase transition are almost constant. To our surprise, this critical value −1 is just equal or very close to the values of many real online social networks, including LiveJournal, HP Labs email network, Belgian mobile phone network, etc. This work helps us in better understanding the self-organization of spatial structure of online social networks, in terms of the effective function for information spreading.
Large spin Hall magnetoresistance and its correlation to the spin-orbit torque in W/CoFeB/MgO structures
Authors: Cho Soonha , Baek Seung-heon Chris , Lee Kyeong-Dong , Jo Younghun , Park Byong-Guk
Published: October 2015

The phenomena based on spin-orbit interaction in heavy metal/ferromagnet/oxide structures have been investigated extensively due to their applicability to the manipulation of the magnetization direction via the in-plane current. This implies the existence of an inverse effect, in which the conductivity in such structures should depend on the magnetization orientation. In this work, we report a systematic study of the magnetoresistance (MR) of W/CoFeB/MgO structures and its correlation with the current-induced torque to the magnetization. We observe that the MR is independent of the angle between the magnetization and current direction but is determined by the relative magnetization orientation with respect to the spin direction accumulated by the spin Hall effect, for which the symmetry is identical to that of so-called the spin Hall magnetoresistance. The MR of ~1% in W/CoFeB/MgO samples is considerably larger than those in other structures of Ta/CoFeB/MgO or Pt/Co/AlOx, which indicates a larger spin Hall angle of W. Moreover, the similar W thickness dependence of the MR and the current-induced magnetization switching efficiency demonstrates that MR in a non-magnet/ferromagnet structure can be utilized to understand other closely correlated spin-orbit coupling effects such as the inverse spin Hall effect or the spin-orbit spin transfer torques.
Mass spectrometric identification and toxicity assessment of degraded products of aflatoxin B1 and B2 by Corymbia citriodora aqueous extracts
Authors: Iram Wajiha , Anjum Tehmina , Iqbal Mazhar , Ghaffar Abdul , Abbas Mateen
Published: October 2015

This study explores the detoxification potential of Corymbia citriodora plant extracts against aflatoxin B1 and B2 (AFB1; 100 μg L−1 and AFB2; 50 μg L−1) in In vitro and In vivo assays. Detoxification was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by TLC and HPLC, respectively. The study was carried out by using different parameters of optimal temperature, pH and incubation time period. Results indicated that C. citriodora leaf extract(s) more effectively degrade AFB1 and AFB2 i.e. 95.21% and 92.95% respectively than C. citriodora branch extract, under optimized conditions. The structural elucidation of degraded toxin products was done by LCMS/MS analysis. Ten degraded products of AFB1 and AFB2 and their fragmentation pathways were proposed based on molecular formulas and MS/MS spectra. Toxicity of these degraded products was significantly reduced as compared to that of parent compounds because of the removal of double bond in the terminal furan ring. The biological toxicity of degraded toxin was further analyzed by brine shrimps bioassay, which showed that only 17.5% mortality in larvae was recorded as compared to untreated toxin where 92.5% mortality was observed after 96hr of incubation. Therefore, our finding suggests that C. citriodora leaf extract can be used as an effective tool for the detoxification of aflatoxins.
Natural occurrence of pure nano-polycrystalline diamond from impact crater
Authors: Ohfuji Hiroaki , Irifune Tetsuo , Litasov Konstantin D. , Yamashita Tomoharu , Isobe Futoshi , Afanasiev Valentin P. , Pokhilenko Nikolai P.
Published: October 2015

Consolidated bodies of polycrystalline diamond with grain sizes less than 100 nm, nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD), has been experimentally produced by direct conversion of graphite at high pressure and high temperature. NPD has superior hardness, toughness and wear resistance to single-crystalline diamonds because of its peculiar nano-textures and has been successfully used for industrial and scientific applications. Such sintered nanodiamonds have, however, not been found in natural mantle diamonds. Here we identified natural pure NPD, which was produced by a large meteoritic impact about 35 Ma ago in Russia. The impact diamonds consist of well-sintered equigranular nanocrystals (5–50 nm), similar to synthetic NPD, but with distinct [111] preferred orientation. They formed through the martensitic transformation from single-crystal graphite. Stress-induced local fragmentation of the source graphite and subsequent rapid transformation to diamond in the limited time scale result in multiple diamond nucleation and suppression of the overall grain growth, producing the unique nanocrystalline texture of natural NPD. A huge amount of natural NPD is expected to be present in the Popigai crater, which is potentially important for applications as novel ultra-hard material.
Elevated free fatty acid uptake via CD36 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nath Aritro , Li Irene , Roberts Lewis R. , Chan Christina
Published: October 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and the factors influencing HCC progression are poorly understood. Here we reveal that HCC progression via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely associated with the expression of CD36/fatty acid translocase and elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels. Although obesity is manifested as elevated FFA levels, the degree of EMT was not associated with the body mass index of the patients, highlighting the specific roles of CD36 and FFA uptake. Treatment of human liver cancer cell lines with FFAs exacerbated the EMT phenotype, whereas chemical inhibition of CD36 mitigated these effects. Furthermore, the Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways were activated upon FFA treatment, potentially acting as upstream activators of the EMT program. These results provide the first direct evidence associating CD36 and elevated FFAs with HCC progression.
Facile synthesis of novel magnetic silica nanoparticles functionalized with layer-by-layer detonation nanodiamonds for secretome study
Authors: Li Hong , Wang Yi , Zhang Lei , Lu Haojie , Zhou Zhongjun , Wei Liming , Yang Pengyuan
Published: October 2015

A novel approach for fast and efficient specific enrichment of low abundance peptides and proteins in secretome analysis was developed by using novel magnetic silica nanoparticles functionalized with layer-by-layer detonation nanodiamonds (dNDs).
Infrared study of matrix-isolated ethyl cyanide: simulation of the photochemistry in the atmosphere of Titan
Authors: Toumi A. , Piétri N. , Couturier-Tamburelli I.
Published: October 2015

Low-temperature Ar matrix isolation has been carried out to investigate the infrared spectrum of ethyl cyanide (CH3CH2CN), a molecule present in the atmosphere of Titan.
Heteroatom substituted and decorated graphene: preparation and applications
Authors: Chen Nan , Huang Xianke , Qu Liangti
Published: October 2015

The electronic structure and surface chemistry of graphene can be tuned subtly by doping with heteroatoms, which induces unique applications.
Dynamic and static behavior of hydrogen bonds of the X–H⋯π type (X = F, Cl, Br, I, RO and RR′N; R, R′ = H or Me) in the benzene π-system, elucidated by QTAIM dual functional analysis
Authors: Sugibayashi Yuji , Hayashi Satoko , Nakanishi Waro
Published: October 2015

The nature of the X–H-*-π interactions in X–H-*-π(C6H6) (X = F, Cl, Br, I, HO, MeO, H2N, MeHN and Me2N) was elucidated by applying QTAIM dual functional analysis. The interactions were all classified by pure closed-shell interactions and characterized to have the vdW nature.
A quantum mechanical alternative to the Arrhenius equation in the interpretation of proton spin–lattice relaxation data for the methyl groups in solids
Authors: Bernatowicz Piotr , Shkurenko Aleksander , Osior Agnieszka , Kamieński Bohdan , Szymański Sławomir
Published: October 2015

The issue of nuclear spin–lattice relaxation in methyl groups in solids has been a recurring problem in NMR spectroscopy.
Solid state p-type dye-sensitized solar cells: concept, experiment and mechanism
Authors: Zhang Lei , Boschloo Gerrit , Hammarström Leif , Tian Haining
Published: October 2015

Solid state p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-ssDSCs) have been proposed and fabricated for the first time, using the organic dye P1 as the sensitizer on mesoporous NiO and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the electron conductor.
Nanoscale adhesion forces between the fungal pathogen Candida albicans and macrophages
Authors: El-Kirat-Chatel Sofiane , Dufrêne Yves F.
Published: October 2015

We establish atomic force microscopy as a new nanoscopy platform for quantifying the forces between fungal pathogens and immune cells.
Direct substitution of benzylic alcohols with electron-deficient benzenethiols via π-benzylpalladium(ii) in water
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Toyomoto Mariko , Kikkawa Shoko , Azumaya Isao
Published: October 2015

An efficient and environmentally benign method for the direct nucleophilic substitution of benzylic alcohols with electron-deficient benzenethiols in water is developed. This strategy is an attractive atom-economical process, which affords the desired products along with water as the sole co-product.
TBHP/TFA mediated oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of N-heterocycles with aldehydes
Authors: Chen Jiayu , Wan Miao , Hua Jing , Sun Yi , Lv Zheng , Li Wei , Liu Lei
Published: October 2015

A metal-free oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of N-heterocycles with diverse aldehydes has been established in the presence of TBHP/TFA.
N-Heterocyclic carbene–palladium(ii)–1-methylimidazole complex-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of benzyl carbamates with arylboronic acids
Authors: Wang Xiao-Xia , Luo Mao-Jun , Lu Jian-Mei
Published: October 2015

The first example of palladium-catalyzed coupling of benzyl carbamates with arylboronic acids is reported.
Ru(bpy)32+ derivatized polystyrenes constructed by nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization. Relationship between polymer chain length, structure and photophysical properties
Authors: Leem Gyu , Keinan Shahar , Jiang Junlin , Chen Zhuo , Pho Toan , Morseth Zachary A. , Hu Zhenya , Puodziukynaite Egle , Fang Zhen , Papanikolas John M. , Reynolds John R. , Schanze Kirk S.
Published: October 2015

A series of polystyrene-based light harvesting polymers featuring pendant polypyridyl ruthenium complexes has been synthesized.
Successful radical induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy-based monomers by C–C labile compounds
Authors: Bomze D. , Knaack P. , Liska R.
Published: October 2015

Successful radical induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy-based monomers by C–C labile compounds.