bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jane Austen Point of View on Marriage or Ideology on Marriage
Authors: Archana Yadav  , Dr. Arti Malik
Published: September 2024

The poet put to shame the cause of human freedom with all the zeal of his ardent nature. Their hopes were dashed by the reign of terror. His later sonnets reflect his feelings about the Napoleonic Wars and are marked by a sense of patriotism. Shelley Wordsworth etc. wrote about wars but Jane Austen who lived and wrote with Wordsworth, Coleridge and Sir Walter Scott, remained completely silent about the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Jane Austen's response to the ideals of the French Revolution differed markedly from that of her contemporaries. In the Romantic era the proper study of mankind was still not in relation to the social world and its responsibilities but in relation to the natural universe. The Romantics turned to nature and the medieval past to escape the conscious ego created by educational convention and society. During the heyday of the Augustan era. Pope wrote his Essay on Man, studying man in general at the beginning of the Romantic era Wordsworth wrote The Growth of a Poet's Mind – meaning the growth of one's own mind
Investigating how cultural differences influence the translation process and the strategies used by translators to bridge cultural gaps
Authors: Le Dung
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of cultural differences on the translation process and the strategies used by translators to bridge these cultural gaps. Through qualitative interviews with professional translators specializing in literature, business, legal, and technical translation, the research identifies key strategies employed to address cultural challenges. These strategies include localization, adaptation, the use of cultural equivalents, annotation, and consultation with cultural informants. The findings reveal that these strategies are effective in maintaining both translation accuracy and cultural relevance. Localization tailors content to the cultural context of the target audience, while adaptation handles idiomatic expressions and culturally specific references. Cultural equivalents preserve the emotional and cultural impact of the source text, and annotations provide necessary explanations for cultural references without direct equivalents. Consultation with cultural informants enhances the accuracy and appropriateness of translations, particularly in specialized fields.
The effectiveness of these strategies is supported by concrete examples from the translators' experiences, demonstrating successful applications across various fields. The study's findings align with established theories in translation studies, such as those proposed by Venuti, Nida, Baker, and House, reinforcing the importance of cultural competence in translation. This research highlights the complex interplay between language and culture in the translation process and underscores the necessity for tailored strategies to address cultural nuances. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of cultural translation and offers practical recommendations for translators. As global communication continues to expand, the role of culturally competent translators remains vital in facilitating cross-cultural understanding and interaction. Future research should explore the evolving role of technology in translation and its implications for cultural competence.
Turnkey-Endverpackungslinie für Sackware
Authors: Laux Matthias
Published: September 2024

Die KLK Emmerich GmbH, Teil des internationalen Konzerns Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad, hat eine neue Endverpackungslinie für Sackware in Betrieb genommen. Die Anlage besteht aus einem Roboterpalettierer, einem Haubenstretcher zur Ladungssicherung und einem Palettenfördersystem als Turnkey-Lösung von MSK.
Präzision und Geschwindigkeit vereint
Authors: Sachs Melanie
Published: September 2024

In der heutigen Industrieumgebung sind Innovation und partnerschaftliche Zusammenarbeit essenziell für den nachhaltigen Erfolg von Unternehmen. Ein Beispiel geben Elried × Edding und HP im Bereich der industriellen Kennzeichnung.
Ein Blick auf die Zukunft der Verpackungspapiere
Authors: Depierreux Francois
Published: September 2024

Ohne Verpackungen geht es nicht. Doch gleichzeitig ist der Verpackungsverbrauch hoch und Verpackungsabfälle nehmen immer mehr Volumen ein. Wie die Zellstoff- und Papierindustrie im Bereich der Verpackungspapiere eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Gestaltung einer umweltfreundlicheren Zukunft spielen kann.
Legionellenfreie Prozesskühlung
Authors: Sachs Melanie
Published: September 2024

Bei der modernen Prozesskühlung spielen unter anderem Prüfung und Instandhaltung eine Rolle – so schreibt es das Bundesimmissionsschutzgesetz vor. Stichwort Legionellen. Einer der größten Verpackungsstahlhersteller Europas, Thyssenkrupp Rasselstein, hat mit dem 3DK-Kühlsystem von Elsässer Kältetechnik für sein Walzwerk am Standort Andernach eine ideale Lösung gefunden.
Tegut auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Biehl Bernd , Mende Jan , Tewes Werner , Hofmann Janine , Stockburger Manfred , Brändlein Philip , Wilhelm Jana
Published: September 2024

Die Genossenschaft Migros Zürich klopft ihr Engagement in Fulda ab. Tegut-Geschäftsführer Thomas Gutberlet wurde eine Beratung an die Seite gestellt. Grund zur Beunruhigung sieht er aber keinen.
„Mehrweg um jeden Preis macht keinen Sinn“
Authors: Wenzel Horst
Published: September 2024

Die EU läutet mit einem komplexen Regelwerk eine neue kreislauf- und abfallwirtschaftliche Ära ein. Das epochale Projekt erntet neben Zuspruch auch Skepsis.
Stühlerücken im Galeria-Management
Authors: Tewes Werner
Published: September 2024

Die Zentrale von Galeria rotiert. Manager in Schlüsselpositionen verlassen den Warenhauskonzern. Insidern zufolge bahnen sich namhafte Abgänge an.
Auslandschef verlässt Tchibo vorzeitig
Authors: Sachsenröder Delphine
Published: September 2024

Tchibo steht trotz der Rückkehr in die schwarzen Zahlen unter Druck, sich den veränderten Marktbedingungen anzupassen. Doch offensichtlich fällt es Managern immer wieder schwer, Veränderungen im Konzern umzusetzen.
Hochland eröffnet neue Weichkäserei
Authors: Krönert Alrun
Published: September 2024

Nach fünfjähriger Umbauphase hat der Allgäuer Käseriese Hochland die Fromagerie Henri Hutin neu in Betrieb genommen. Von hier wird vor allem der deutsche Markt bedient.
„Die Power von Social Media wird unterschätzt“
Authors: Rentz Ingo
Published: September 2024

Süßwaren-Unternehmer Philip Hitschler-Becker nutzt die sozialen Netzwerke zur direkten Kommunikation mit der Zielgruppe. Das Ergebnis sind auch Produktinnovationen.
Denner baut neues Logistikzentrum
Authors: Bökamp Lena
Published: September 2024

Discounter Denner erweitert das Lagernetz in der Schweiz und startet mit dem Bau eines neuen Verteilzentrums für Trockensortiment. Damit rüstet sich die Migros-Tochter für mehr Wachstum.
Kaufland powert mit Regina Halmich
Authors: Rück Daniela
Published: September 2024

Der Lebensmittelhandel und vor allem die FMCG-Branche halten in den ersten acht Monaten dieses Jahres die Werbefahne hoch. Platzhirsch Procter hat auch im August wieder viel Werbegeld in die Hand genommen.
Fleisch hat noch viele Fans
Authors: Nusser Bernd
Published: September 2024

Fleisch steht bei den deutschen Arbeitnehmern nach wie vor hoch im Kurs. Sie würden in ihrer Kantine aber auch mehr pflanzliche Speisen begrüßen. Das zeigt eine aktuelle Befragung von Sodexo und Yougov unter mehr als 1000 Beschäftigten.
Nachhaltiger verpacken mit innovativen Lackbarrieren
Authors: Wenzel Horst
Published: September 2024

Die auf faserbasierte Verpackungen spezialisierte STI Group will die Recyclingfähigkeit ihrer Produkte maximieren. Eine Option dabei ist die Substitution vollflächiger Kunststoffbeschichtungen auf Food-Verpackungen durch kundenindividuell zugeschnittene, wasserlösliche Dispersionslacke.
Maßgaben für Kreislauf-Fitness
Authors: Wenzel Horst
Published: September 2024

In Abstimmung mit dem Umweltbundesamt hat die Zentrale Stelle Verpackungsregister (ZSVR) die fünfte Aktualisierung des 2019 debütierten Mindeststandards zur Einstufen der Recyclingfähigkeit von Verpackungen veröffentlicht.
Kräftig investiert
Authors: Heimig Dieter
Published: September 2024

Bei den Unternehmen stehen derzeit Investitionen im Fokus. Dabei geht es vor allem um Kapazitätserweiterungen und Effizienzsteigerung. Die Food-Branche will sich aber auch in Sachen Energieversorgung unabhängiger machen.
Ensinger erhält Auszeichnung
Authors: Heimig Dieter
Published: September 2024

Beim Getränkehersteller Ensinger Mineral-Heilquellen steht Nachhaltigkeit weit oben auf der Agenda. Demnächst soll ein weiterer Solarpark errichtet werden.
„Und nun zu seiner Chefin ...“
Authors: Krone Bernard
Published: September 2024

Leverkusen. Beim Agrarhandelsforum 2024 vergangene Woche zeichneten wir auch den „Agrarunternehmer des Jahres“ aus. In diesem Jahr entschied sich die Jury für ein Unternehmerpaar: Christine und Franz Grimme. Eine sehr persönliche Laudatio hielt Bernard Krone, Aufsichtsrat und Gesellschafter der Maschinenfabrik Bernard Krone GmbH & Co. KG, die wir hier veröffentlichen.
Observational Overview of the May 2024 G5-Level Geomagnetic Storm:
From Solar Eruptions to Terrestrial Consequences
Authors: Kwak Young-Sil , Kim Jeong-Heon , Kim Sujin , Miyashita Yukinaga , Yang Taeyong , Park Sung-Hong , Lim Eun-Kyung , Jung Jongil , Kam Hosik , Lee Jaewook , Lee Hwanhee , Yoo Ji-Hyun , Lee Haein , Kwon Ryun-Young , Seough Jungjoon , Nam Uk-Won , Lee Woo Kyoung , Hong Junseok , Sohn Jongdae , Kwak Jaeyoung , Kwak Hannah , Kim Rok-Soon , Kim Yeon-Han , Cho Kyung-Suk , Park Jaeheung , Lee Jaejin , Nguyen Hoang Ngoc Huy , Talha Madeeha
Published: September 2024

This study reports comprehensive observations for the G5-level geomagnetic storm
that occurred from May 10 to 12, 2024, the most intense event since the 2003
Halloween storm. The storm was triggered by a series of coronal mass ejections
(CMEs) originating from the merging of two active regions 13664/13668, which
formed a large and complex photospheric magnetic configuration and produced
X-class flares in early May 2024. Among the events, the most significant CME,
driven by an X2.2 flare on May 9, caught up with and merged with a preceding
slower CME associated with an X-class flare on May 8. These combined CMEs
reached 1 AU simultaneously, resulting in an extreme geomagnetic storm.
Geostationary satellite observations revealed changes in Earth’s
magnetosphere due to solar wind impacts, increased fluxes of high-energy
particles, and periodic magnetic field fluctuations accompanied by particle
injections. Extreme geomagnetic storms resulting from the interaction of the
solar wind with the Earth’s magnetosphere caused significant energy
influx into Earth’s upper atmosphere over the polar regions, leading to
thermospheric heating and changes in the global atmospheric composition and
ionosphere. As part of this global disturbance, significant disruptions were
also observed in the East Asian sector, including the Korean Peninsula.
Ground-based observations show strong negative storm effects in the ionosphere,
which are associated with thermospheric heating and resulting in decreases in
the oxygen-to-nitrogen ratio (O/N2) in high-latitude regions. Global
responses of storm-time prompt penetration electric fields were also observed
from magnetometers over the East-Asian longitudinal sector. We also briefly
report storm-time responses of aurora and cosmic rays using all-sky cameras and
neutron monitors operated by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
(KASI). The extensive observations of the G5-level storm offer crucial insights
into Sun-Earth interactions during extreme space weather events and may help
establish better preparation for future space weather challenges.
Initial Results of Low Earth Orbit Space Radiation Dosimeter on Board
the Next Generation Small Satellite-2
Authors: Nam Uk-Won , Park Won-Kee , Youn Sukwon , Kwak Jaeyoung , Sohn Jongdae , Moon Bongkon , Lee Jaejin , Choi Young-Jun , Kim Jungho , Kim Sunghwan , Kim Hongjoo , Park Hwanbae , Ye Sung-Joon , Park Hongyoung , Jang Taeseong
Published: September 2024

As human exploration goals shift from missions in low Earth orbit (LEO) to
long-duration interplanetary missions, radiation protection remains one of the
key technological issues that must be resolved. The low Earth orbit space
radiation dosimeter (LEO-DOS) instrument to measure radiation levels and create
a global dose map in the LEO on board the the next generation small satellite-2
(NEXTSat-2) was launched successfully on May 25, 2023 using the Nuri KSLV-III in
Korea. The NEXTSat-2 orbits the Earth every 100 minutes, in an orbit with an
inclination of 97.8° and an altitude of about 550 km above sea level. The
LEO-DOS is equipped with a particle dosimeter (PD) and a neutron spectrometer
(NS), which enable the measurement of dosimetric quantities such as absorbed
dose (D), dose equivalent (H) for charged
particles and neutrons. To verify the observations of LEO-DOS, we conducted a
radiation dose estimation study based on the initial results of LEO-DOS,
measured from June 2023 to September 2023. The study considered four source
categories: (i) galactic cosmic ray particles; (ii) the South Atlantic Anomaly
region of the inner radiation belt (IRB); (iii) relativistic electrons and/or
bremsstrahlung in the outer radiation belt (ORB); and (iv) solar energetic
particle (SEP) events.
Seyitömer Höyüğü Orta Tunç Çağı Topluluğunda Ağız Ve Diş Sağlığı
Authors: Özdemir Özbey Serpil
Published: September 2024

Sindirim sisteminin başlangıcı olan ve besinlerin mekanik sindirimini başlatan dişler; iskeletimizin en sert organıdır ve canlı öldükten sonra toprak altında milyonlarca yıl kalabilmektedirler. Diş ve çenelerde tespit edilen bazı hastalıklar, görülme sıklıkları farklı da olsa bugün olduğu gibi eski zamanlarda da insanlığın karşı karşıya kaldığı sağlık sorunlarıydı. Bu kapsamda, Seyitömer Höyüğü toplumuna ait diş ve çeneler ağız ve diş sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Seyitömer Höyüğü bireylerine ilişkin incelenen toplam 622 dişin 546’sı daimi, 76’sı ise süt dişi oluşturmaktadır. Daimi dişlerin 130’u çocuk, 416'sı ise erişkin bireylere aittir. Bu insanlara ait çene ve dişler, cinsiyet faktörü de göz önünde tutularak odontolojik açıdan değerlendirildiğinde; diş çürüğü (% 9,17), diş aşınması (% 83,4), hypoplasia (% 21,1), diştaşı (% 42,5), antemortem (ölüm öncesi) diş kaybı (% 4,21), alveol kaybı (% 54,7) ve periapikal lezyon (apse) (% 3,12) gibi lezyonlar belirlenmiştir. Seyitömer Höyüğü toplumuna ait bu patolojik bulgular çağdaşı ve aynı bölgede yaşamış olan toplumlarla karşılaştırıldığında beklentiler doğrultusunda bulgular elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Seyitömer Höyüğü insanlarına ait diş ve çenelerine ilişkin odontolojik veriler arkeolojik verilerle desteklenmektedir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler ışığında elde edilen bu veriler dental antropolojik çalışmalara karşılaştırma materyali olabilecek niteliktedir.
The Risk Sharing in The Contracts in The Systems of Urban and Regional Transport – Gross Costs Contracts Vs Net Costs Contracts
Authors: DYDKOWSKI Grzegorz , URBANEK Anna , GALECKA Wiktoria
Published: September 2024

Since the arrangements in the field of duties and risks sharing may be one of the factors of the increased quality and economy of urban public transport services, the study is aimed at the identification, assessment, and allocation of selected risk types between the parties to gross and a net costs contracts in the urban and regional transport. This research was based on the: subject’s literature, the analysis of collected figures, of the available results of studies, the methods of analogy, brainstorming and synthesis as well as on the own practical experience in the management of a big public transport system in the central part of the Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. Hence the drawbacks and advantages of the mentioned contract models have been shown as well the conditions, which are in favour of their application. The results show among others the importance of appropriate designing of the contracts and their impact on the participation and involvement of the transport carriers in the actions intended to improve the quality of transport and hence the number of transported passengers. The net costs contracts motivate the carriers to active actions related to the volume of transport and revenues on that; in turn, the gross costs contracts are a better solution under the conditions of many carriers’ existence and the strategy of public transport integration. The gross costs contracts should be supplemented with motivation provisions for the entities providing the transport services, to increase their quality and effectiveness.
Exploring non-soluble particles in hailstones through innovative confocal laser and scanning electron microscopy techniques
Authors: Bernal Ayala Anthony C. , Rowe Angela K. , Arena Lucia E. , Nachlas William O. , Asar Maria L.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. This paper introduces an innovative microscopy analysis methodology to preserve in situ non-soluble particles within hailstones using a protective porous plastic coating, overcoming previous limitations related to melting the hailstone sample. The method is composed of two techniques: trapping non-soluble particles beneath a plastic coat using the adapted sublimation technique and then analyzing the particles individually with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). CLSM provides insights into physical attributes like particle size and surface topography, enhancing our understanding of ice nucleation. SEM–EDS complement CLSM by offering detailed information on individual particle elemental chemistry, enabling classification based on composition. Strategies to reduce background noise from glass substrates during EDS spectral analysis are proposed. By combining powerful, high-resolution microscopy techniques, this methodology provides valuable data on hailstone composition and properties. This information can give insights into hail developmental processes by enhancing our understanding of the role of atmospheric particles.
Reply to Head's comment on “The Volyn biota (Ukraine) – indications of 1.5 Gyr old eukaryotes in 3D preservation, a spotlight on the `boring billion' ” by Franz et al. (2023)
Authors: Franz Gerhard , Khomenko Vladimir , Lyckberg Peter , Chournousenko Vsevolod , Struck Ulrich
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Head et al. (2024) emphasize the importance of the Volyn biota for evolution, especially in the so-called “boring billion”, in a detailed outline about the biological and geological context. However, they question the idea that the Volyn biota represent Precambrian fossils and instead argue that they contain young contaminants of “museum dust”. In addition, they question their biotic origin. We present here a detailed discussion of their points of concern based on presented data, including some additional information. Their points of concern were as follows: One object, shown by Franz et al. (2023a), is similar to a pollen grain, and another object is similar to trichomes; we show indications of fossilization and summarize our arguments against “museum dust”. They question the fossil character of the biota and argue for a biomineralization; we show that the biomineralization in trichomes is distinct from the mineralization of the biota. They missed information about the internal structure; we repeat the presented information about the internal structure in more detail, which is also indicative of fossil material and inconsistent with trichomes. They argue that we did not compare the biota with recent fungi via infrared spectroscopy; since the biota experienced temperatures near 300 °C, we think that a comparison with thermally degraded chitosan is more appropriate. They question the use of strongly negative δ13C as an argument for biotic origin, but we show that, in combination with positive δ15N values and the geological situation, a biotic origin is more likely than abiotic synthesis. In addition, Popov (2023) questioned the age of the Volyn biota, which we postulated as between approximately 1.5 and 1.7 Ga. He argues that the fossils could be Phanerozoic. We will also outline our arguments for the minimum age of 1.5 Ga.
The dynamics of peak head responses at Dutch canal dikes and the impact of climate change
Authors: Strijker Bart , Kok Matthijs
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The  management of water and flood risk levels in low-lying polder regions depends on the performance of canal dikes. Heavy rainfall can lead to peak hydraulic heads within the dikes affecting their stability, which can induce dike breaches. Variations in head responses and head statistics are both relevant for regional flood risk analysis of canal dike systems. This study examined the dynamics of peak heads in canal dikes on a national scale using time series models calibrated on observed heads. Various model structures are evaluated and a nonlinear model performed the best. These models were used to simulate long-term head time series. Subsequently, dike clusters were identified based on the coincidence of peak heads, allowing for the identification of dikes where peaks are caused by (dis)similar types of rainfall events. The differences and similarities in peak head response were related to physical dike characteristics. While no single significant relationship emerged, the soil type combined with the width of the dike appears to be important factors influencing the variation in head responses. However, the presence of the same soil type and dike widths in multiple clusters indicates that these characteristics do not yield a definitive outcome for the head response. Moreover, peak head statistics across various dikes were derived and indicated that extreme and yearly load conditions are relatively close to each other, with a median decimation height of only 15 centimeters. The head statistics are affected by climate change, characterized by increasing winter precipitation and summer evaporation. By 2100, extreme peak heads are expected to occur between 3 times less and 8 times more frequently, depending on the climate scenario and the type of canal dike.
An innovative tool for measuring Sunlight propagation through different snowpacks
Authors: Teruzzi Luca , Spolaor Andrea , Cappelletti David , Artoni Claudio , Potenza Marco A. C.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Sunlight penetration in the snowpack plays a fundamental role in many environmental processes, including the local radiative energy balance, snow hydrology and snow microbiology and can potentially contribute to climate change. In addition, many photochemical reactions typically occur in the snowpack driven by solar radiation. Although a few measurements have been attempted in the past decades with several approaches, light penetration through the snowpack is currently almost only modelled numerically, frequently using severe assumptions and several parameters not always easy to be fixed. The lack of experimental data and dedicated studies leave a remarkable scientific gap in the snow research. In this paper, we propose a novel sensor, specifically designed and custom-made, to assess sunlight propagation through the snowpack in three different spectral bands. The probe has been designed to be very compact and lightweight and therefore easily transportable. We measure at different depths in the snowpack the scattered light propagating horizontally with respect to the surface with high spatial resolution (3 mm). Measurements were performed over the past two years across multiple sites with different altitudes and geographic exposure, different illumination conditions and snowpack characteristics. Data are compared to numerical simulations from the “Snow, Ice and Aerosol Radiative” (SNICAR) code, exploited here to extract the information about the light propagation at different depths. This approach provides important constraints to properly model the snowpack characteristics, allowing us to extrapolate this information to the UV radiation range. Nevertheless, in some cases the comparison between our measurement and model run suggest a more complex light penetration depending on the snowpack peculiar characteristics that SNICAR numerical simulations cannot capture. We believe that our tight experimental approach will strongly contribute to a better understanding of the radiative transfer process inside the snow layers, as well as to a quantitative description of all those chemical, physical and biological processes that occur in the uppermost layers of the snowpack.
InSAR-derived seasonal subsidence rates reflect spatial soil moisture patterns in Arctic lowland permafrost regions
Authors: Widhalm Barbara , Bartsch Annett , Strozzi Tazio , Jones Nina , Khomutov Artem , Babkina Elena , Leibman Marina , Khairullin Rustam , Göckede Mathias , Bergstedt Helena , von Baeckmann Clemens , Muri Xaver
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The identification of spatial soil moisture patterns is of high importance for various applications in high latitude permafrost regions, but challenging with common remote sensing approaches due to high landscape heterogeneity. Seasonal thawing and freezing of near-surface soil lead to subsidence-heave cycles in the presence of ground ice, which can exhibit magnitudes of several centimeters. Our investigations document higher Sentinel-1 InSAR seasonal subsidence rates for locations with higher near-surface soil moisture compared to dryer ones. Based on this, we demonstrate that the relationship of thawing degree days – a measure of seasonal heating – and subsidence signals can be interpreted to assess spatial variations of near-surface soil moisture. A range of challenges, however, need to be addressed. We discuss the implications of using different sources of temperature data for deriving thawing degree days on the results. Atmospheric effects must be considered, as simple spatial filtering can suppress large-scale permafrost-related subsidence signals and lead to the underestimation of displacement values, making GACOS-corrected results preferable for the tested sites. Seasonal subsidence rate retrieval which considers these aspects provides a valuable tool for distinguishing between wet and dry landscape features, which is relevant for permafrost degradation monitoring in Arctic lowland permafrost regions. Spatial resolution constraints, however, remain for smaller typical permafrost features which drive wet versus dry conditions such as high and low centred polygons.
Multi-scale hydraulic graph neural networks for flood modelling
Authors: Bentivoglio Roberto , Isufi Elvin , Jonkman Sebastiaan Nicolas , Taormina Riccardo
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Deep learning-based surrogate models represent a powerful alternative to numerical models for speeding up flood mapping while preserving accuracy. In particular, solutions based on hydraulic-based graph neural networks (SWE-GNN) enable transferability to domains not used for training and allow including physical constraints. However, these models are limited due to four main aspects. First, they cannot model rapid differences in flow propagation speeds; secondly, they can face instabilities during training when using a large number of layers, needed for effective modelling; third, they cannot accommodate time-varying boundary conditions; and fourth, they require initial conditions from a numerical solver. To address these issues, we propose a multi-scale hydraulic-based graph neural network (mSWE-GNN) that models the flood at different resolutions and propagation speeds. We include time-varying boundary conditions via ghost cells, which enforce the solution at the domain's boundary and drop the need of a numerical solver for the initial conditions. To improve generalization over unseen meshes and reduce the data demand, we use invariance principles and make the inputs independent from coordinates' rotations. Numerical results on dike-breach floods show that the model predicts the full spatio-temporal simulation of the flood over unseen irregular meshes, topographies, and time-varying boundary conditions, with mean absolute errors in time of 0.05 m for water depths and 0.003 m2 s−1 for unit discharges. We further corroborate the mSWE-GNN in a realistic case study in The Netherlands and show generalization capabilities with only one fine-tuning sample, with mean absolute errors of 0.12 m for water depth, critical success index for a water depth threshold of 0.05 m of 87.68 %, and speed-ups of over 700 times. Overall, the approach opens up several avenues for probabilistic analyses of realistic configurations and flood scenarios.
Large Reductions in Satellite-Derived and Modelled European Lower Tropospheric Ozone During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020–2022)
Authors: Pimlott Matilda A. , Pope Richard J. , Kerridge Brian J. , Siddans Richard , Latter Barry G. , Ventress Lucy J. , Feng Wuhu , Chipperfield Martyn P.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Activity restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic caused large reductions in ozone (O3) precursor emissions. Studies showed large O3 reductions in the 2020 spring-summer Northern Hemisphere free troposphere coinciding with this emission reduction period. Here, we provide an insight into the European satellite-derived tropospheric O3 record updated to mid-2023. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) retrieval products show large negative anomalies in the spring-summer periods of 2020–2022, with the largest in 2022, and smaller reductions in 2023. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) showed peak reductions compared to monthly averages of 2.2 DU (11.0 %), 1.7 DU (8.4 %) and 2.8 DU (14.6 %) in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Scaling model emissions, based on activity reduction data, yields large negative anomalies peaking in May 2020 and 2021. Emissions reduction was the greater influence, explaining ~65 % of the decrease, however, the meteorological impact was substantial, driven by a reduced stratosphere-troposphere O3 exchange flux.
Revisiting the Sunspot Number as EUV proxy for ionospheric F2 critical frequency
Authors: Zossi Bruno S. , Medina Franco D. , Duran Trinidad , de Haro Barbas Blas F. , Elias Ana G.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. This study reconsiders the Sunspot Number (Sn) as a solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) proxy for modeling the ionospheric F2 layer's critical frequency (foF2) over the period 1960–2023. We compare the performance of Sn with F10.7 and F30 solar radio fluxes, focusing on their ability to model the Global Ionospheric index (IG). Our results reveal that while F30 has shown a better correlation in recent solar cycles, the Sn is the most stable and reliable over the entire dataset, obtaining the highest correlation. In addition, if we remove the saturation effects from the considering a maximum value of Sn, the correlation increases, outperforming all other proxies, and predicting correctly the long-term trend estimated by general circulation models.
NN4CAST: An end-to-end deep learning application for seasonal climate forecasts
Authors: Galván Fraile Víctor , Rodríguez-Fonseca Belén , Polo Irene , Martín-Rey Marta , Moreno-García María N.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Predicting climate variables at seasonal time scales is crucial for climate services. At these time scales, the most important driver of the atmospheric variability patterns is the ocean, which can trigger local perturbations that could affect the climate of remote areas through different teleconnection mechanisms. Dynamical models are not always effective in overcoming the challenges posed by complex climate processes and may show a low signal-to-noise ratio in the response of some phenomena (such as ENSO). Recently, statistical approaches, which focus on the relationships between predictor and predictand fields, have gained popularity due to advances in computing capabilities and the availability of extensive meteorological datasets. This is particularly evidenced in the development of short-range weather prediction data-driven models. However, seasonal prediction remains challenging, especially in regions where there are complex non-linear remote interactions of non-stationary and seasonal dependent signals from different sources of predictability of the Earth system. For this reason, we have developed a non-linear modelling tool, named as Neural Network foreCAST (NN4CAST). It is a deep learning model library which provides a versatile tool for operational prediction and non-linear statistical analysis, which can enhance seasonal forecast accuracy and understanding of the underlying dynamics. It is demonstrated how NN4CAST is able to provide accurate seasonal predictions in regions where the atmospheric response to the ocean is mostly linear (i.e., tropics) as well as in remote areas through atmospheric teleconnections, where the signal is highly non-linear (i.e., North Atlantic). It is in those remote regions where the dynamical models fail to capture the climate signal, and where the deep learning models may be more useful for a seasonal data-driven or hybrid prediction system. Therefore, the application of this model could provide accurate and reliable forecasts that can be useful for the different strategic societal sectors such as marine ecosystems, health or energy, which require predictions on these time scales.
Basic chemical composition combination rules and quantitative criterion of red beds
Authors: Cui Guangjun , Liao Jin , Kong Linghua , Zhou Cuiying , Liu Zhen , Yu Lei , Zhang Lihai
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Red beds belong to slippery formations, and their rapid identification is of great significance for major scientific and engineering issues, such as geological hazard risk assessment and rapid response to geological disasters. Existing research often identifies red beds from a qualitative or semiquantitative perspective, resulting in slow recognition speed and inaccurate recognition results, making it difficult to quickly handle landslide geological disasters. Combined with the correlation between red beds' geomorphic characteristics, mineral compositions, and chemical compositions, this study established a preliminary identification quantitative criterion based on the basic chemical composition combination rules (SiO2+Al2O3, Al2O3/SiO2, FeO+Fe2O3, Fe2O3/FeO, K2O+Na2O, Na2O/K2O, CaO+MgO, and MgO/CaO) in the red beds. Following this, we perform principal component analysis on the basic chemical composition combination rules mentioned above. The results indicate that simultaneously meeting the following principal component features can serve as a rapid quantitative criterion for distinguishing red beds from other rocks: F1=-3.36–23.55; F2=-23.00–3.11; F3=-10.12–4.88; F4=-2.21–4.52; F5=-0.97–7.30; and F=-0.67–1.89. By comparing the chemical composition combinations of 15 kinds of rocks collected from China in this study, it is proven that the quantitative criterion proposed in this study is effective. The study results can be used for rapid identification of red beds, achieving risk assessment and rapid response to geological disasters such as landslides.
Stari grad Dubovac u kasnom srednjem i ranom novom vijeku
Authors: Tkalčec Tatjana
Published: September 2024

Na osnovi sagledavanja rezultata arheoloških istraživanja, analizestratigrafije slojeva i nalaza iz arheoloških konteksta, kao ipoznatih povijesnih podataka, u radu se donose nove spoznajeo starome gradu Dubovcu u kasnome srednjem vijeku i u ranomenovom vijeku. Ustanovljeno je da je ranorenesansni kaštel skraja 15./početka 16. stoljeća podignut za vrijeme obitelji Frankopan,na ostatcima starije, vjerojatno drvene utvrde okruženeobrambenim jarkom. Ta starija utvrda podignuta je početkom 15.stoljeća za vrijeme plemićke obitelji Zudar na mjestu na kojemuje vjerojatno još u 13. stoljeću postojala utvrda, možda tipa romaničkogadonjona, a kojoj se pripisuju ostatci kamene strukturekružnoga tlocrta. O načinu života i opremi dubovačkoga gradau ranome novom vijeku, u vrijeme Frankopana i Zrinskih, svjedočeulomci kuhinjskoga posuđa i drugih predmeta, a posebno stolnogamajoličkog posuđa te reprezentativnih kaljevih peći.
DINÂMICA ESPACIAL DA INDÚSTRIA E OS ARRANJOS PRODUTIVOS LOCAIS DE CONFECÇÕES NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS (2006–2021)
Authors: Castro Sérgio Duarte de , Ribeiro Karinne  Silva
Published: September 2024

Esse artigo analisa as transformações na localização das atividades da indústria de confecções em Goiás e suas implicações para as políticas de apoio a APLs desse segmento no estado. Utiliza o Quociente Locacional (QL) e recortes a partir do número mínimo de firmas e empregos nos municípios e seu entorno para identificar as aglomerações de confecções e suas transformações entre 2006 e 2021. Conclui que houve importantes mudanças no período, com destaque para a perda de densidade em termos de empregos e firmas nos núcleos das aglomerações maiores e mais antigas, lideradas por Goiânia e Jaraguá, e o surgimento de uma nova grande aglomeração no oeste goiano, liderada por São Luís dos Montes Belos. Diferentemente das primeiras, que contam com uma forte base de pequenas empresas focadas em marcas próprias, essa última  concentração é estruturalmente mais vulnerável, porque a maior parte das firmas é dependente do desempenho de uma única grande empresa que se instalou na região.  Argumenta que entender essa realidade é crucial para a retomada de políticas de promoção de APLs de confecções em Goiás, abalados por múltiplas crises,  sobretudo considerando que, de um lado,  o novo cenário de retomada do crescimento econômico com desconcentração de renda é favorável para a expansão dos APLs de  confecções do estado, mas, de outro, a concorrência chinesa continua como uma ameaça importante.
DADOS GEOGRÁFICOS E INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NA PREDIÇÃO DE LOCAIS FAVORÁVEIS PARA A INSTALAÇÃO DE USINAS DE BIOGÁS DA AGROINDÚSTRIA CANAVIEIRA
Authors: Pina Marlísia D'Abadia de , Cremon Édipo Henrique
Published: September 2024

A Agenda 2030 da ONU visa promover o aumento das energias renováveis em todo o mundo, e a biomassa agrícola, em particular, a partir da cana-de-açúcar, é uma solução relevante para essa transição energética no Brasil. A localização geográfica desempenha um papel crucial na determinação do local ideal para a instalação de usinas de biogás, e a combinação de dados geográficos e algoritmos de Inteligência Artificial, conhecida como GeoIA, oferece uma abordagem promissora para prever esses locais ideais. Nesse sentido, este estudo teve por objetivo predizer locais favoráveis para a instalação de usinas de biogás proveniente da cana-de-açúcar da agroindústria, utilizando dados geográficos associados a aspectos físicos, bióticos e antrópicos, além de seis tipos de algoritmos de classificação (CART, C4.5, C5.0, Random Forest, XGBoost e GBM) para comparar seus desempenhos. O treinamento foi feito para o estado de São Paulo, devido ao número maior de usinas contidas na unidade federativa, e o modelo de melhor desempenho foi aplicado para o estado de Goiás. O algoritmo Random Forest obteve o melhor desempenho e permitiu identificar locais favoráveis para a instalação de usinas de biogás de cana-de-açúcar em Goiás. Essa abordagem pode facilitar a tomada de decisões ao identificar regiões propícias para a produção de biogás a partir de cana-de-açúcar, otimizando o uso da biomassa, reduzindo o impacto ambiental e os custos de instalação. O uso de GeoIA contribui para a expansão das energias renováveis e a mitigação das mudanças climáticas, promovendo a transição energética global.
TÉCNICAS DE GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADAS PARA ANÁLISE TEMPORAL DO MICROCLIMA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DO PEQUIÁ, MARANHÃO
Authors: Alexandre Rizzo Felipe , Santos Arthur , Collins da Cunha e Silva Darllan
Published: September 2024

A supressão da vegetação, o incremento das atividades antrópicas sem as medidas de mitigação necessárias e as alterações climáticas ocorridas ao longo dos anos têm sido importantes indicadores da degradação ambiental, implicando diretamente na qualidade de vida e na saúde da população. Diante do avanço tecnológico e do aprimoramento das técncias de geoprocessamento, avaliar essas alterações está se tornando um importante instrumento norteador de políticas públicas, principalmente pela possibilidade das análises temporais por meio do Sensoriamento Remoto (SR). Nesse sentido, o presente estudo analisou, por meio de imagens de satélite LANDSAT-5 e 8 em dois períodos distintos - 1984 e 2020 -, a relação e variação espaço temporal da temperatura superficial (Land Surface Temperature - LST) com o Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) na bacia hidrográfica do córrego do Pequiá, inserida nos municípios de Açailândia, São Francisco do Brejão e João Lisboa, estado do Maranhão (MA), sendo verificado que a supressão da vegetação, impulsionada pelos 36 anos de atividades antrópicas intensas e sem o monitoramento adequado, alterou a dinâmica da floresta em diversos pontos da bacia, ocasionando no aumento médio da LST de 4 ºC, sendo possível concluir que existe no local a necessidade da recomposição florestal em pontos estratégicos da bacia, de forma a mitigar tais impactos. Por fim, acredita-se que os resultados aqui apresentados possam ser utilizados como subsídios aos gestores públicos do estado do MA, a fim de utilizá-los para realização do monitoramento da supressão temporal da vegetação e das mudanças climáticas.
Diagnostic accuracy of GeneXpert in the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Biakto Karya T. , Kusmawan I GPY. , Massi Muhammad N. , Usman Muhammad A. , Arifin Jainal
Published: September 2024

Tuberculosis remains a significant global health issue, with spinal tuberculosis being a severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Despite the high morbidity associated with spinal tuberculosis, effective and rapid diagnostic methods are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the GeneXpert compared to other microbiological methods in diagnosing spinal tuberculosis. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Six databases (PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Central) were searched for relevant studies as of August 31, 2023. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, focusing on patients diagnosed with spinal tuberculosis and comparing GeneXpert to microbiological culture, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two authors independently performed data extraction and quality assessment, and the meta-analysis was conducted using Meta-DiSc 2.0. Fourteen studies comprising retrospective cohort, prospective cohort, and cross-sectional designs were included. GeneXpert demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 92% (85–96%) and specificity of 71% (51–86%) compared to culture. AFB smear had the highest specificity at 80% (70–88%) but the lowest sensitivity at 27% (20–35%). The PCR had sensitivity and specificity of 83% (67–92%) and 58% (31–81%), respectively. Substantial heterogeneity was noted across the studies. This study highlighted that GeneXpert had high sensitivity and moderate specificity in diagnosing spinal tuberculosis, making it an alternative to conventional methods. However, further validation through larger, interventional studies is necessary to standardize its use in clinical practice.
Diversidad genética de Aedes aegypti de los departamentos Central y Cordillera del Paraguay, mediante el uso de marcadores ISSR-PCR
Authors: Brítez Sady , Céspedes Enmanuel , Ferreira María , Vázquez Fátima , Rodríguez Cinthya , Herrera Leidi , Gonzalez-Brítez Nilsa
Published: September 2024

Introducción: Aedes aegypti es un insecto del grupo de los culícidos, preferencialmente antropofílico, que actúa como vector de algunos arbovirus, como del dengue, Zika y chikungunya y fiebre amarilla, con una amplia distribución a nivel de trópicos y subtrópicos y responsables de brotes epidémicos importantes en el Paraguay. La urbanización, la globalización y la falta de un control eficaz, favorecen su permanencia. Estudiar la diversidad genética de esta especie permitirá evaluar la dinámica de sus poblaciones y su adaptación a los cambios ambientales, para guiar su control. Objetivo: Estimar la diversidad genética de las poblaciones de Ae. aegypti de los departamentos Central y Cordillera del Paraguay utilizando marcadores de inter- repeticiones de secuencia simple (ISSR). Metodología: Se seleccionaron 40 mosquitos hembra, 20 del departamento Central y 20 del departamento de Cordillera correspondientes a la región del Chaco Húmedo, Paraguay, para la amplificación de los marcadores genéticos ISSR mediante PCR, utilizando los cebadores Rhea-4, ISSR-7, ISSR1 y Ae-ISSR-6. El grado de segregación de las poblaciones estudiadas con un AMOVA y la diferenciación entre ellas con el índice de fijación FST, fueron determinadas mediante el programa Arlequín versión 3.5.2.2. Resultados: Se identificaron 36 loci, 90,91 % de ellos polimórficos. La mayor parte de la diferenciación genética se debió a variaciones dentro de las poblaciones y el índice de fijación entre poblaciones (FST = 0.0432). Discusión: Es posible que la diversidad dentro de las poblaciones de Central y Cordillera se deba a las características heterogéneas en cuanto a urbanismo y semi-ruralidad y la existencia de ecotonos, donde circulan estas poblaciones. Los resultados revelaron una diferenciación genética interpoblacional moderada, indicativo de que no están completamente aisladas genéticamente.
Características de los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) involucrados en sexo transaccional de Paraguay
Authors: Aguilar Gloria , Rios-González Carlos Miguel
Published: September 2024

Introducción: El sexo transaccional, definido como el intercambio de sexo por dinero, drogas u otros bienes, aumenta el riesgo de infección debido a factores como múltiples parejas sexuales, uso inconsistente del condón, mayor frecuencia de ITS y vulnerabilidades socioeconómicas Objetivo: describir las caracteristicas de los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) involucrados en sexo transaccional de Paraguay durante el 2020. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en Asunción, Central, Alto Paraná, y Caaguazú durante el año 2020. Las variables del estudio fueron demograficas, Prácticas sexuales y comportamientos de riesgo, consumo de sustancias, Conocimientos sobre VIH y la frecuencia de VIH, Sifilis y Hepatitis B. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 333 HSH involucrados en sexo transaccional, el 58,86% (196) tenía una edad entre 20 a 29 años. En los últimos seis meses, 52,85% (n=176) recibió dinero, drogas u otros beneficios a cambio de relaciones sexuales. La frecuencia de Sífilis fue del 13,21% (n=44), la frecuencia de VIH 13,21% (n=44)y la frecuencia de HepatitisB, fue de 1,20% (n=4) de la muestra. Conclusión: este estudio destaca la alta vulnerabilidad de los HSH involucrados en sexo transaccional en Paraguay y la necesidad urgente de intervenciones específicas y basadas en evidencia para esta población