bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modifying Intestinal Integrity and MicroBiome in Severe Malnutrition with Legume-Based Feeds (MIMBLE 2.0): protocol for a phase II refined feed and intervention trial
Authors: Walsh Kevin , Calder Nuala , Olupot-Olupot Peter , Ssenyondo Tonny , Okiror William , Okalebo Charles Bernard , Muhindo Rita , Mpoya Ayub , Holmes Elaine , Marchesi Julian , Delamare de  la Villenaise de Chenevarin Gael , Frost Gary , Maitland Kathryn
Published: August 2018

Background: Changes in intestinal mucosal integrity and gut microbial balance occur in severe acute malnutrition (SAM), resulting in treatment failure and adverse clinical outcomes (gram-negative sepsis, diarrhoea and high case-fatality). Transient lactose intolerance, due to loss of intestinal brush border lactase, also complicates SAM, thus milk based feeds may not be optimal for nutritional rehabilitation. Since the gut epithelial barrier can be supported by short chain fatty acids, derived from microbiota fermentation by particular fermentable carbohydrates, we postulated that an energy-dense nutritional feed comprising of legume-based fermentable carbohydrates, incorporated with lactose-free versions of standard World Health Organization (WHO) F75/F100 nutritional feeds will enhance epithelial barrier function in malnourished children, reduce and promote resolution of diarrhoea and improve overall outcome.

Methods: We will investigate in an open-label trial in 160 Ugandan children with SAM, defined by mid-upper arm circumference <11.5cm and/or presence of kwashiorkor. Children will be randomised to a lactose-free, chickpea-enriched feed containing 2 kcal/ml, provided in quantities to match usual energy provision (experimental) or WHO standard treatment F75 (0.75 kcal/ml) and F100 (1 kcal/ml) feeds on a 1:1 basis, conducted at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital nutritional rehabilitation unit. The primary outcomes are change in MUAC at day 90 and survival to day 90. Secondary outcomes include: i) moderate to good weight gain (>5 g/kg/day), ii) de novo development of diarrhoea (>3 loose stools/day), iii) time to diarrhoea resolution (if >3 loose stools/day), and iv) time to oedema resolution (if kwashiorkor) and change in intestinal biomarkers (faecal calprotectin).

Discussion: We hypothesize that, if introduced early in the management of malnutrition, such lactose-free, fermentable carbohydrate-based feeds, could safely and cheaply improve global outcome by reducing lactose intolerance-related diarrhoea, improving mucosal integrity and enhancing immunity, and limiting the risk of systemic infection and associated broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance.

Registration: ISRCTN 10309022.
Sacubitril valsartan for chronic heart failure: a practical context
Authors: Brennan Emma Jane
Published: August 2018

Heart failure is a condition with high morbidity and mortality. Pharmacological treatment has greatly contributed to improved outcomes and experiences of people living with heart failure. A new agent, sacubitril valsartan, has been approved for patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. This article discusses the evidence base, mechanism of action, clinical indications and practical considerations for the use of sacubitril valsartan in practice.
Heart and circulatory disease a top priority in NHS 10-year plan
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: August 2018

In this monthly feature, Sarah Jane Palmer delves into topical news, the latest research and what the experts are saying on subjects related to cardiology and cardiac nursing practice.
Closing the medical mortality gap in patients with major psychiatric conditions
Authors: de Silva Prasanna N
Published: August 2018

This article discusses options for closing the mortality gap between the general population and people with major psychiatric conditions such as psychosis, autism, learning disability and dementia. Most of the mortality (85%) involves physical disease, with most deaths occurring in general hospitals or care homes, so is relevant to all doctors.

The main focus of psychiatric treatments has been to reduce suicide, although there is no evidence that they achieve this. This article calls for psychiatrists to collaborate with medical colleagues to help reduce excess deaths from physical causes. The practicalities of combined physical and mental health monitoring and prescribing clinics are discussed, based on experience in Whitby. Potential national solutions are summarized including options for smoking cessation, sugar restriction, nutritional supplementation and flu vaccination.
Cost effectiveness of using ursodeoxycholic acid to treat primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Chapman Roger W
Published: August 2018

Primary biliary cholangitis is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune cholestatic liver disease, which untreated will usually progress to end-stage biliary cirrhosis. The aims of treatment and management of primary biliary cholangitis are the amelioration of associated symptoms, particularly pruritis and fatigue, and the prevention of end-stage liver disease. The presentation, natural history and clinical course are variable. Recent published European and UK clinical guidelines have emphasized the need for risk stratification and an individualized approach to patient management in primary biliary cholangitis. The bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, is established as the first-line treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. Assessment of clinical response to treatment is based on specified improvements in serum liver tests including near normalization of the serum alkaline phosphatase level at 1 year. At least two thirds of patients with primary biliary cholangitis should respond to ursodeoxycholic acid after 1 year's treatment. The correct dosage of ursodeoxycholic acid is determined by body weight viz 13–15 mg/kg/day. A significant number of patients with primary biliary cholangitis in the UK are being underdosed. Over a third of ursodeoxycholic acid partial responders become responders within 2 years after increasing the ursodeoxycholic acid doses to recommended levels. While transplant rates for primary biliary cholangitis have halved over the last 20 years, it is clear that optimizing the dose of ursodeoxycholic acid in partial responders would further decrease morbidity, mortality and the need for liver transplantation.
Tackling vulnerability to debt. Affordable lending alternatives and financial education: an evidence review
Authors: Mosedale Sarah , Simpson Glenn , Popay Jennie , McGill Rory , Cooper Paula , Taylor Catherine , Fisher Kate , Sant Helen
Published: August 2018

The pathways to vulnerability to debt and what works to reduce such vulnerability are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted an evidence review. Many low-income borrowers have little alternative but to resort to high interest lending. Developing ‘affordable’ lending alternatives has been a challenge. Policy-makers have advocated person-centred approaches (for example, financial education) despite little evidence supporting the efficacy of such behavioural measures. Arguably this has shifted the burden of social responsibility and risk for managing problem debt primarily onto borrowers. While better regulation of the credit industry is needed, ultimately policymakers need to look beyond market-based solutions.
Cuidadores de Idosos e o Déficit no Autocuidado
Authors: Ramos Raquel Gouveia , Leite-Salgueiro Claudia Daniele barros , Pereira Juliane Da Silva , Barbosa Luciclaudio Da Silva , Lobato Luzineide
Published: August 2018

Os idosos são mais vulneráveis para o aparecimento de patologias e junto com o envelhecimento, muitas alterações fisiológicas acontecem, com isto, muitos acabam ficando dependentes e necessitando de cuidados e auxílio de outra pessoa para a realização de suas atividades básicas. O principal objetivo do presente estudo, foi identificar como os estudos científicos têm abordado a saúde mental do cuidador de idosos e a relação disso com a sobrecarga de atividades. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram utilizados meios eletrônicos como as seguintes bases de dados: LILACS, SciELO e BDENF, que foram acessados pela Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Os atores referenciados encontraram grandes índices de sobrecarga aos cuidadores de idosos, o que causa um declínio em sua qualidade de vida e principalmente na saúde mental dos mesmos.
ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF STRATEGIC ACTION, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION AND INNOVATION IN LOGISTICS TO FIRM PERFORMANCE (Study at Sea Transportation Service Company Operating In Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang)
Authors: Ismail Fajar , Kusumawardhani Amie , Sugiono Sugiono
Published: August 2018

This research is motivated by the number of Sea Transportation Service (JPT) companies operating in the port of Tanjung Emas which lost their revenue for 6 months in a row, resulting in the revocation of their permits. The inability to compete in the form of low operational performance leads to a decrease in financial performance. Some researchers believe that innovation in logistics is the most effective way of increasing competitive advantage and firm performance in the logistics industry.Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between innovation in logistics, operation performance, and financial performance and the factors that influence innovation is strategic action and knowledge management orientation. The data were obtained from a questionnaire filled by 178 Sea Management Services (JPT) companies operating in the Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang. Data were analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS software.The result of the statistical analysis shows that directly strategic action and innovation in logistics have a positive and significant effect on operational performance. Indirectly knowledge management orientation has a positive and significant effect on operational performance through innovation in logistic.
Phosphoglycolipid Profiling of Bacterial Endotoxins
Authors: Kilár Anikό , Dornyel Ágnes , Sándor Viktor , Kilár Ferenc , Kocsis Béla
Published: August 2018

Much interest is at present focused on bacterial endotoxins, also known as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as they are responsible for the development of clinical symptoms of Gram-negative sepsis which is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. Endotoxicity is associated with the special phosphoglycolipid part of LPS, termed lipid A. Main challenges in the structural elucidation of lipid A arise from its amphiphilic character and inherent heterogeneity. A mass spectrometrybased de novo method combined with reversed-phase liquid chromatography for the detailed structural characterization of complex lipid A mixtures (obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of LPS) from different bacterial sources has been developed. Tandem mass spectrometric measurements were performed with an electrospray-ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight (ESI-Q-TOF) mass spectrometer in both negative- and positive-ionization modes in order to explore fragmentation pathways. It was found that characteristic product ions in the positive-ion mode could be used for the unambiguous assignment of the phosphorylation site, whereas the use of both ionization modes provided consistent and/or complementary information about the fatty acyl distribution between the two glucosamine moieties of lipid A. Since the immunostimulatory (advantageous) vs. proinflammatory (endotoxic) effect of the lipid A is closely related to the fine chemical structure, our relatively simple structural elucidation strategy could offer great potential in the bioanalysis of native lipid A samples and lipid A-based vaccines
Study of Various Parameters that Influence the Content of Exhaled Breath Condensate Used in the Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Greguš Michal , Ďurč Pavlo , Lačná Julia , Foreti František , Kubáň Peter
Published: August 2018

In this work, various parameters that influence the ionic content and pH of exhaled breath condensate in of the noninvasive diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease were studied. Exhaled breath condensate samples were collected using a miniature and inexpensive sampling device. Capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductometric detection was used to monitor the ionic content of exhaled breath condensate. Background electrolyte composed of 20 mM of 2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, 20 mM of L-Histidine, 2 mM of 18-Crown-6 and 30 M of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide facilitated the rapid separation of anions and cations, both in less than 2 minutes. The possibility of contamination of the exhaled breath condensate by saliva is discussed in detail. The day-to-day repeatability (n=5) of the ionic content and pH of the exhaled breath condensate was studied and was satisfactory, reflecting mainly the physiological variability
Ein Atavismus der Hochmoderne? Die Sommerzeit als „social engineering“ (1907–1980)
Authors: Kuchenbuch David
Published: August 2018

Vor rund hundert Jahren – im Ersten Weltkrieg – zum ersten Mal erprobt, ist die Sommerzeit heute umstrittener denn je: Wird der energiepolitische Nutzen der periodischen Zeitumstellung schon lange bezweifelt, mehren sich die Hinweise auf ihre medizinischen Nachteile. Dabei waren es gerade „biopolitische“ Argumente gewesen, mit denen der britische Bauunternehmer William Willett schon 1907 in seinem Pamphlet „The Waste of Daylight“ die Maßnahme zur verbesserten gesellschaftlichen Ausnutzung der Solarenergie öffentlichkeitswirksam propagiert hatte. Das legt es nahe, die Sommerzeit als Phänomen des „hochmodernen“ social engineering zu analysieren. Wie der Aufsatz am deutschen und britischen Beispiel zeigt, macht die Sommerzeit dann sowohl die sich im späten 19. Jahrhundert immer stärker ausprägenden innergesellschaftlichen (Zeit-)Interdependenzen sichtbar als auch die sozialtechnologische Machbarkeitsgewissheit bürgerlicher Eliten und den Aufschwung des Staates als Hüter der temporalen Ordnung. Die wechselhafte politische Geschichte der Sommerzeit im Deutschland des 20. Jahrhunderts verdeutlicht aber auch, dass sich die Handlungsspielräume der „Ingenieure der Sozialen Zeit“ im Zuge transnationaler Verflechtungsprozesse ebenso stark veränderten wie angesichts der wachsenden Bedeutung der Meinungsforschung. Beide Entwicklungen werfen ein Licht auf die sozial- wie kulturhistorischen Rahmenbedingungen des staatlichen „Zeitens“ (Norbert Elias) im vergangenen Jahrhundert, aus denen sich wiederum theoretische Anregungen für die Untersuchung von Zeitregimes der Moderne ziehen lassen.
Antioxidant activity of plant extracts and their effect on methane fermentation in bioreactors
Authors: Oleszek Marta , Kozachok Solomiia
Published: August 2018

Extracts of Solidago virgaurea L. (European goldenrod), Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender) and Arnica chamissonis Less. (arnica) were tested as potential additives for methane fermentation in bioreactors, as it was hypothesized that their antioxidant properties may improve biogas production efficiency. Hence, methane fermentation of maize silage with the addition of tested extracts was performed in eudiometers, and both the biogas volume and methane content in biogas were measured. In addition, antioxidant properties, such as reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging activity, were determined spectrophotometrically. The results showed that only the addition of a goldenrod crude extract caused a significant increase in biogas yield, despite the fact that it presented the lowest antioxidant activity of the three tested species. No significant differences in biogas yield were found between the other two additives and the control. Biogas production efficiency was not correlated with the antioxidant activity of the crude extracts. Hence, the increase in methane fermentation efficiency in the case of goldenrod supplementation might have resulted from some other non-antioxidant compounds occurring in this species.
Über das optische Verhalten von Desoxyribonucleinsäure-Histon-Kombinaten
Authors: Klamerth Olaf
Published: August 2018

The extinction of varying mixtures of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and original histon at 260 mμ does not show an increase in proportion to the increase in the amount of histon added to the basic, constant DNA concentration, but is characterized by two points of inflexion. The composition of the DNA-histon mixture at the first of these points reveals the N/P quotient (3,7-3,9) characteristic of natural DNA-histons, i. e. a ratio of one basic N atom to 1,5 Ρ atoms. The second point (N/P ratio 8,5-9,5) marks the limit of histon-binding capacity of the complex. Such recombinations of DNA and histon are only incompletely degraded enzymatically by desoxyribonuclease. The rate of degradation is inversely proportional to the histon concentration.
Über die Anthocyane des Rotkohls.
Authors: Stroh Hans-Η. , Seidel Hans , Sarodnick Gerhard
Published: August 2018

Eine nachträgliche Überprüfung ergab eine verteilte Anordnung der Glucosemolekeln im Rubrobrassinchlorid, das sehr wahrscheinlich ein Cyanidin-5-glucosid-3-sophorosid darstellt. Es wird eine verbesserte Methode zur Ermittlung der Verknüpfungsstellen der Zucker am Aglucon des Anthocyans beschrieben.
Quantitative „in vivo“-Untersuchungen zur Spezifität der Herabsetzung der 131J-Gesamtkörper-Retention durch Inhibitoren der Jodid-lnkorporierung
Authors: Heinrich H. C. , Gabbe E. E.
Published: August 2018

An Ratten wurde die Strukturspezifität der Hemmung der 131J⊖-Inkorporierung und Konzentrierung durch äquimolare Mengen (0,1 mMol) monovalenter Anionen quantitativ und „in vivo“ über die Kinetik der 131J-Gesamtkörper-Retention ermittelt. Die Messung der 131J-Gesamtkörper· Retention erfolgte in einem Großraum-Radioaktivitäts-Detektor mit flüssigen organischen Szintillatoren. Der nach Erreichen des Stoffwechsel-Gleichgewichtes des resoibierten 131J— im Gesamtkörper-Jod-Pool mit der konstant bleibenden biologischen Halbwertszeit des organisch gebundenen Jods (~ 10 Tage) umgesetzte Anteil der verabfolgten 131J-Testmenge, der sogenannte 131J-Markierungs-anteil des organisch gebundenen Jod-Pools, ist ein geeignetes Bezugssystem für die Dimensionierung des Inhibitoreffektes monovalenter Anionen auf die 131J⊖-Inkorporierung und Konzentrierung.

Wird der theoretisch mögliche Hemmeffekt gleich —100% gesetzt, so erwiesen sich die JO4
⊖-(-91%), JO3
⊖. (-92%) und ClO4
⊖-(-96%)-Ionen als stark wirksame, das SCN⊖ (-70%) als mittelstarker und die NO3
⊖- (— 28%) und ClΟ3
⊖ ( — 30%)-Ionen als schwache Inhibitoren der intravitalen Jodid-Inkorporierung und Konzentrierung. Keines der untersuchten monovalenten Ionen setzte jedoch den Markierungsanteil des organisch gebundenen Jod-Pools und damit die 131J-Gesamtkörper-Retention stärker herab als eine äquimolare Menge Jodid ( — 97%), die zu einer weitgehenden Sättigung der Jodid-Inkorporierungs- und Konzentrierungs-Mechanismen führt.
Massenspektrometrische Sequenzanalyse von Peptiden als N-Trifluoracetyl-peptid-ester
Authors: Weygand Friedrich , Prox Axel , Fessel Horst Herrmann , Sun Kwok Kun
Published: August 2018

Basierend auf der Interpretation der Massenspektren von über 150 N-Trifluoracetyl-peptid-methylestern verschiedener Sequenz und Kettenlänge wurde ein allgemeines Verfahren der Sequenzanalyse von Peptiden entwickelt.
Zur Biosynthese der Tropanalkaloide
Authors: Liebisch H. W. , Ramin H. , Schöffinius I. , Schütte H. R.
Published: August 2018

Konkurrenzversuche an Daturaarten zeigen, daß neben dem stereospezifisch inkorporierten Ornithin- [2-14C] auch dessen Decarboxylierungs-Produkt Putrescin- [1.4-14C] als physiologisch möglicher Precursor der Tropanalkaloide angesehen werden kann. Eine Carboxylierung des Putrescins zu Ornithin in Daturapflanzen ist auszuschließen.
Die primäre Proteinstruktur von Stämmen des Tabakmosaikvirus
Authors: Wittmann H. G.
Published: August 2018

The amino acid sequence of U 2, a naturally occurring strain of tobacco mosaic virus, has been determined. In this communication the experimental details are given for the elucidation of the amino acid sequence within three tryptic peptides with 85 amino acids.
Die primäre Proteinstruktur Temperatur-sensitiver Mutanten des Tabakmosaikvirus
Authors: WlTtmann H. G. , WlTtmann-Liebold B. , Jauregui-Adell J.
Published: August 2018

The protein structure of spontaneous temperature-sensitive mutants of tobacco mosaic virus has been determined. The protein of the mutants was digested with trypsin, the tryptic peptides were isolated and their amino acid composition quantitatively determined. For those tryptic peptides which have amino acid exchanges, the position of the exchange was localized. The experimental results given in the tables are discussed in the following paper.
„Trommeln” als Verständigungsmittel bei Steinfliegen (Plecoptera)
Authors: Rupprecht Rainer
Published: August 2018

Männchen und unbefruchtete Weibchen verschiedener Perlidenarten verständigen sich durch Trommeln. Die Frequenz der Trommelstöße wird bei Capnia bifrons und Perla marginata bestimmt.

Die Übertragung des Trommelstoßes erfolgt nicht durch Schall (auf dem Luftwege), sondern durch die Erschütterung der Unterlage. Nicht nur diese drei Arten, deren Trommeln bei den Männchen schon früher beschrieben wurde, sondern auch Perla marginata und Isoperla grammatica erzeugen in gleicher Weise Geräusche.
Zur Struktur der trimeren Malonsäurenitrile
Authors: Junek H. , Sterk H.
Published: August 2018

Für die drei Trimeren des Malonsäurenitrils werden folgende Strukturformeln vorgeschlagen: eine offenkettige Form, die als 1.3.5.5-Tetracyano-2.4-diamino-pentadien-2.4 (I) vorliegt, sowie zwei bicyclische (II und IV), deren Grundgerüst ein Cyclopentadieno-pyrrol ist.
Über die Bindung α,β-ungesättigter Aldehyde in Zellen und Geweben
Authors: Burkl W. , Kramer I. , Schauenstein E.
Published: August 2018

Bietet man 4-Hydroxy-2.3-trans-alkenale und 2.3-trans-alkenale in vivo Ehrlich-Ascites-Tumor-, Leber-, Nierenzellen, Leukozyten und Gefrierschnitten von Geweben an, so bleibt - im Gegensatz zu gesättigten Aldehyden - die Aldehydgruppe reagibel und läßt sich in den Zellen und Geweben mit Hilfe der Schiff sehen Reaktion am histologischen Präparat qualitativ, bzw. mit 2.4-DNP-Hydrazin an den suspendierten Zellen cytospektrometrisch nachweisen. Auf Grund von Modellversuchen mit SH-Verbindungen und mit Proteinen läßt sich sagen, daß die α,β-ungesättigten Aldehyde höchstwahrscheinlich mit den SH-Gruppen der Zell- und Gewebsproteine reagieren und so an die Proteine gebunden werden. Die positive Reaktion mit den Aldehydreagenzien und insbesondere die Absorptionslage der mit dem Hydrazinreagenz intrazellulär gebildeten Hydrazone sprechen dafür, daß die Doppelbindung der α,β-Enale mit den Protein-SH-Gruppen in Reaktion tritt. Bemerkenswert ist, daß die Hydroxy-enale in alle genannten Testobjekte eindringen können, jedoch bisher nur bei den Tumorzellen cytotoxische Wirkungen beobachtet werden konnten.
VI. Chemical investigations of the lidien species Alectoria nigricans (ACH.) Nyl. and Parmelia alpicola Th. Fr.
Authors: Solberg Yngve Johannes
Published: August 2018

Parmelia alpicola Th. Fr. and Alectoria nigricans (Ach.) Nyl. have been chemically investigated with special regard to their content of lichen substances. Both the species have been found to contain Alectorialic acid as the main compound and probably Thamnolic acid in trace amounts. In addition to these two acids, mannitol and a tetrahydroxy fatty acid have been isolated from Parmelia alpicola. Further-more three unidentified substances have been detected in the same lichen species by paper chromatographic separation.

Alectorialic acid was identified as a depside aldehyde and most likely as a mixed orcinol and β-orcinol derivate. The depside was hydrolysed and the aldehyde-component was found to be Atranol.
Isotope Effects of Uranium by Ion Exchange in the System Dowex 50 / α-Hydroxyisobutyrate
Authors: Aaltonen Jorma , Heumann Klaus G. , Pietilä Pikka
Published: August 2018

In this investigation the isotope effect of uranium in the system Dowex 50 resin/ α- hydroxyisobutyrate solution was studied by mass spectrometry. A recycle ion exchange column was used for the separation experiments. The dependence of the isotope effect on the pH value and on the concentration of the α-hydroxyisobutyrate solution used as eluent was investigated. In the case of a 0.07 ᴍ and a 0.22 ᴍ α-hydroxyisobutyrate solution the elementary separation factor of uranium was calculated to be 1.00019 and 1.00006, respectively. In both cases an enrichment of 235U in relation to 238U was found in the solution.

In addition the distribution factor of the uranyl ions in the investigated system was determined in the pH range between 2 and 6. The distribution factor depends strongly on the pH value. With increasing pH values the distribution factor decreases.

The results obtained for the elementary separation factor and the distribution factor are compared with other investigations.
CIDNP Studies of Hydrogen Abstraction by Aroyl Radicals in Norrish Type I Processes
Authors: Bak C. , Praefcke K. , Muszkat K. A. , Weinstein M.
Published: August 2018

The abstraction of hydrogen atoms by benzoyl radicals in the photolyses of 2,2′-dihalogeno-benzil dimethylketals and of S-p-tolyl esters of substituted thio benzoic acids was investigated by the CIDNP technique. The present study supports previous conclusions that in the absence of scavengers the formyl H atoms of the benzaldehydes thus formed originate from cyclohexadienyl-like free radical precursors.
Die Kristallstruktur des η5-C5H5Ru(CO)2(CONH2) [1] / The Crystal Structure of η5-C5H5Ru(CO)2(CONH2) [1]
Authors: Wagner Hubertus , Jungbauer Anton , Thiele Gerhard , Behrens Helmut
Published: August 2018

The crystal structure of the monoclinic η5-C5H5RU(CO)2(CONH2) has been determined by X-ray diffraction (space group P1̄ with Z - 4 and a = 1248,3 pm, b = 963,3 pm, c = 845,2 pm, α= 97,35°, β= 106,11°, and γ= 99,32°). The Ru is pseudo-octahedrally coordinated to the η5-C5H5 ring, the two CO groups and the CONH2 ligand with a planar RuC(O)N-moiety. Dimers are formed by N-H···O hydrogen bonds connecting the carbamoyl ligands of two molecules. Further hydrogen bonds link these dimers to form a helical chain.
Additionsprodukt aus Aminodiimino- und Triaminoiminophosphoran: Ein acyclisches Di(phosphazan)-Betain / Addition Product of Aminodiimino- and Triaminoiminophosphorane: an Acyclic Di(phosphazane)betaine
Authors: Halstenberg Mechthild , Appel Rolf , Huttner Gottfried , Seyerl Joachim v.
Published: August 2018

Addition of permethylated triaminoiminophosphorane to silylated aminodiiminophosphorane yields an acyclic di(phosphazane)betaine. The structure was determined by X-ray crystallography.
Complexes of 1,2,4-Triazoles, VII [1]. Preparation and Vibrational Spectra of 4,4’-Bi-1,2,4-triazole and Some of its Complexes with Transition Metal(II) Thiocyanates
Authors: Haasnoot Jaap G. , Groeneveld Willem L.
Published: August 2018

The preparation and characterization of 4,4′-bi-1,2,4-triazole is described. The compound is a strong, polydentate, polynucleating nitrogen donor. Two complexes, M(btr)2(NCS)2H2O M=Co, Ni, are described. The vibrational spectra of ligand and complexes are compared. A structure for the complexes is proposed.
Bile Pigment Structures, III. Crystal and Molecular Structure of Diethoxybilirubin Diethyl Ester
Authors: Sheldrick William S. , Becker Wulf
Published: August 2018

Diethoxybilirubin diethyl ester crystallises triclinic P1 with a = 13.903(5), b = 17.211(7), c = 9.831(5) Å, α= 110.07(3), β = 111.22(3), γ = 69.04(3)°, Z = 2, Dx - 1.15 gcm-3. The two pyrromethene systems of the tetrapyrrole are orientated almost perpendicular to one another (interplanar angle = 91.5°). Considerable bond delocalisation is observed within the individual pyrromethene units, which contain intramolecular N-H···N hydrogen bonds of length 2.73 and 2.80 Å. Parallel stacking of the chromophores is not observed in the crystal lattice.
Furanoid Diterpenes in the Bitter Fraction of Teucrium polium L.
Authors: Malakov Peter Y. , Papanov Georgi Y. , Mollov Nikola M.
Published: August 2018

Three known furanoid diterpenes Teucrin P1 (2), Teucrin H3 (3) and Montanin B (4) have been isolated for the first time from the bitter fraction of the aerial parts of Teucrium polium L. In addition two new diterpenes of this type Teupolin I (5) and Teupolin II (6) have been also found in the plant extract. The structure and stereochemistry were established using spectral methods and chemical evidence.
Synthesen mit Nitrilen, LVII [1]. Zur Reaktivität von Aminomethylen-malonsäuredinitrilen gegenüber Aldehyden und Orthoestern / Syntheses with Nitriles, LVII [1]. The Reactivity of Aminomethylene-malononitriles with Aldehydes and Orthoesters
Authors: Mittelbach Martin , Junek Hans
Published: August 2018

Condensation of aminomethy lene-malononitrile (1a) with aromatic aldehydes and dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal, resp., leads to benzylidene-malononitriles (2a, b) and to dimethylaminomethylene-malononitrile (2e), resp. A mechanism of this cleavage of a C=C double bond is discussed. Several substituted enaminonitriles (1e-i) are prepared and the reactivity against aldehydes is studied. Thus, condensation of 3-Amino-2-cyano-crotononitrile (1e) with aldehydes leads to 2-amino-4-phenyl-1,3-butadiene-1,1-dicarbo-nitriles (3). 4-Oxo-2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-pyrimidine-carbonitriles (4) are yielded by the reaction of 3-amino-2-cyano-crotonic-carboxamide (1h) and 3-amino-2-cyano-cinnamamide (1i), resp., with aldehydes. Condensation of 1h and 1i with ethyl ortho-formate leads to 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-pyrimidine-carbonitriles (6).
Reaktionen von Isochinolinium-Salzen mit Alkoholaten / Reactions between Isoquinolinium Salts and Aleoxides
Authors: Gündel Wolf-H. , Berenbold Helmut
Published: August 2018

Quaternary isoquinolinium salts react with an equivalent amount of anionic bases to a cyclocondensate (3), which has lipophilic properties. Other carboxamides insert after deprotonation by potassium tert-butoxide the isoquinolinium ring, too. The resulting product 5 is stable. Aluminium-triisopropoxide can reduce substituted isoquinolinium salts. 3 and 5 react with 2-propanol and ZnCl2 to give first a solution of isoquinolinium iso-propoxide and then in a redoxreaction the corresponding 1,2-dihydroisoquinoline. That are modelreactions for the enzymatically catalyzed alcoholoxidation by the coenzyme NAD+.
Beiträge zur Chemie der Pyrrolpigmente, XXXIV [1]. Über die Konfiguration und Konformation von diastereomeren N-Methyl-O-methyl-bilatrienen-abc / On the Chemistry of Pyrrole Pigments, XXXIV [1] On the Configurations and Conformations of Diastereomeric N-Methyl-O-methyl-bilatrienes-abc
Authors: Falk Heinz , Thirring Klaus
Published: August 2018

Methilation of the aetiobiliverdin-IV-γ-lactimether yields a lactam-N-methylated derivative the structure of which was proven by an ether cleavage and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The configuration (Z,Z,Z) was deduced from 1HNMR experiments. Photo-isomerization exclusively forms the (E,Z,Z) diastereomer. By conformational analysis using the LIS technique and correlations of UV-VIS spectra and PPP-type calculations a more or less helical arrangement for the two diastereomers was confirmed. The twisting is maximal at the methine single bond adjacent to the site of N-methylation, the overall geometry seems to be much more distorted than the non methylated derivatives.
Bis(diazadien)metall(O)-Komplexe, III. Nickel(O)-bis(chelate) mit aliphatischen N-Substituenten/ Bis(diazadien)metal(O) Complexes, III. Nickel(O)-bis(chelates) with Aliphatic N-Substituents
Authors: Svoboda Michael , Dieck Heindirk tom , Krüger Carl , Tsay Yi-Hung
Published: August 2018

Diazadienes (DAD)

(with R1, R2 = H, CH3 and R3, R4 = alkyl) form nickel complexes 1-14 with composition (DAD)2Ni. They can be prepared by ligand substitution from other Ni(O) compounds or, preferably, by the reduction of Ni(II) salts in the presence of DAD. Spectroscopic differences (NMR, UV) indicate different structures (type 1 and 2) for diamagnetic (DAD)2Ni of same composition, depending on substituents R1-R4. The steric requirement of R3, R4 is most important as the main differences show up when going from tertiary (type 1: R2CH-N = ) to secondary a-carbon (type 2: RCH2-N = ) . X-ray analysis of a type 1 complex (R1, R2 = H, R3, R4 = cyclo-hexyl) reveals two strictly orthogonal chelate rings (D2d) corresponding to (pseudo-)tetrahedrally coordinated Nickel(O). A D2-structure with smaller dihedral angle is discussed for type 2 complexes.
Zur McLafferty-Umlagerung bei Radikalkationen von Phenylpyridylalkanonen/ On the McLafferty Rearrangement of Ionized Phenyl Pyridyl Alkanones
Authors: Richter Bernd , Schwarz Helmut
Published: August 2018

A detailed investigation concerning the genesis of McLafferty rearrangement products from molecular ions of phenyl pyridyl alkanones reveals the following features: 1) The various products are not formed by competitive dissociations of the molecular ion. Most of the relevant fragment ions are generated from the primary McLafferty product of a hydrogen transfer to the ionized carbonyl group (M+·→m/z 163, ion k). The ion k plays a decisive role for the generation of the abundant product ions at m/z 93 (ion g) and m/z 106 (ion s) both of which are formed by further dissociation of k. Details of the mechanisms for the decomposition of k are obtained by investigating [D]-labelled isotopomers, the analysis of low and high resolution data, the application of MIKE and CA spectra. The problem of keto/enol tautomerism between some ions, relevant in this context, is discussed and it is shown that these isomerization processes are not involved. A detailed description is given for the syntheses of various [D]-labelled phenyl pyridyl alkanones.
The Structure of a 2:1 Host Guest Complex between p-Nitroaniline and 18-Crown-6
Authors: Weber Gabriela
Published: August 2018

The crown and two nitroaniline molecules are linked by four N-H ··· O interactions leaving the cyclic ether in a strain free conformation of approximate D3d symmetry. Partial disorder of one O atom facilitates one more H bond but induces considerable conformational strain in the ligand.
Neuartige basische Liganden für die homogenkatalytische Homologisierung von Methanol zu Ethanol, II [1]. Synthese und komplexchemisches Verhalten potentiell zwei- und dreizähniger P–N- und P–O-haltiger Chelatliganden / Novel Basic Ligands for the Homogeneous Catalytic Homologation of Methanol to Ethanol, II [1]. Synthesis and Complex Chemical Behaviour of Potential Bi- and Tridentate P–N and P–O Containing Chelate Ligands
Authors: Lindner Ekkehard , Rauleder Hartwig , Scheytt Christoph , Mayer Hermann August , Hiller Wolfgang , Fawzi Riad , Wegner Peter
Published: August 2018

Tridentate P-N and P-O ligands of the type RP(XC5H4N)2 (1a, b, a′, b′) [X = O, NH: R = CH3 (a, a′), t-Bu (b, b′)] and PhP(CH2C4H7O)2 (1c″) are obtained by reaction of RPCl2 with 2-hydroxy- and 2-aminopyridine and Li2PPh with tetrahydrofurfuryil chloride, respectively. In a similar way the potential bidentate ligand Ph2PCH2C4H7O (2c″) is formed by the action of LiPPh2 on ClCH2C4H7O. Potential tridentate ligands as RP(C4H3O)2 (3a‴-c‴) [R = CH3 (a‴), t-Bu (b‴), Ph (c‴)| with two furyl-phosphorus bonds can be isolated from RPCl2 and furyllithium. The complex chemical behaviour towards Mo(CO)6 or carbonyl derivatives of chromium was elucidated for 2c‴ and 3a‴- c‴, resulting in the formation of (OC)5MoPPh2CH2C4H7O (4c″) and trans-(OC)4Cr[RP(C4H3O)2]2 (5a‴-c‴), respectively. In the case of 5a‴ an X-ray investigation proved 3a‴-c‴ to be only monodentate P-ligands 5a‴ crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z = 2. 1c″ is the most versatile species within this series and functions probably as a tri-, bi- and monodentate P-O ligand. With 1c″ and 3c″ some homologation experiments of methanol at 200 °C and 304 bar synthesis gas pressure were carried out
Darstellung und Charakterisierung der Chloro-Bromo-Iridate(III) und -(IV) einschließlich der Stereoisomeren / Preparation and Characterisation of Chloro-Bromo-Iridates(III) and -(IV) Including Stereoisomers
Authors: Preetz W. , Steinebach H.-J.
Published: August 2018

The mixed chloro-bromo complexes [IrClnBr6-n]2- and [IrClnBr6-n]3-, n = 1 - 5. were separated by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose. Due to the stronger trans-effect of Br compared with Cl, on treatment of [IrBr6]2- 3- with Cl- nearly pure cis/fac-isomers and by reaction of [IrCl6]2,3- with Br- trans/mer-isomers for n = 2,3,4 were formed. The stereoselectivi­ty of successive ligand exchange reactions is better for the Ir(III) than for the Ir(IV) system. The diamagnetic Ir(III) and the paramagnetic Ir(IV) complexes can be interconverted reversibly by redox reactions at low temperature. As shown by cyclic voltammetric measurements, the redox potentials within the series [IrClnBr6-n]2- 3- are linearly dependent on n. In aqueous solution the normal potentials are in the range of Eo = 0.838 V ([IrBr6]2-,3-) to Eo = 0.908 V ([IrCl6]2-,3-). The vibrational spectra of the mixed ligand complexes are assigned according to point groups D4h, C4v, C3v and C2v. They are similar for corresponding chloro-bromo-iridates, but distinguished by a shift of 10-25 cm-1 to higher wave numbers for most of the stretching vibrations going from Ir(III) to Ir(IV).
Preparation and Crystal Structure of a New Mixed Valence Cerium Germanate Ce2
4+ C8
3+ [GeO4 ]3[Ge2O7 ]2[Ge3 O10]
Authors: Becke U. W. , Felsche J. , Huttner G. , Scheidsteger O.
Published: August 2018

Opaque blue crystals of a new mixed valence cerium germanate have been prepared at elevated temperatures (1555 K) under careful thermoanalytical control. Single crystal structure analysis shows three different types of germanate anions [GeO4]4-, [Ge2O7]6- and [Ge3O10]8-, all ger­manium atoms being in tetrahedral coordination. Due to the larger number of oxygens per unit cell (Ce2Ge2O7.2), with all the oxygens unambiguously located by X-ray single crystal structure analysis, this phase differs significantly from the corresponding cerium(III) germanate Ce2Ge2O7, which shows [GeO4]4- and [Ge3O10]8-, but no [Ge2O7]6- ditetrahedral groupings.
Über die Umsetzung von Polysulfiden mit Stickstoffmonoxid in nichtwäßrigen Lösungsmitteln — Nitrosodisulfide / The Reaction of Polysulfides with Nitrogen Monoxide in Non-Aqueous Solvents — Nitrosodisulfides
Authors: Seel F. , Wagner M.
Published: August 2018

Polysulfides dissolved in non-aqueous solvents react under anaerobic conditions with nitric oxide to yield solutions of nitrosodisulfides. Through the action of NO upon (PNP)2S12 1 [P = P(C6H5)3] in acetone a stable compound PNP · SSNO 2 could be obtained. 2 proved to be identical with a red PNP-salt which had been isolated as a product of the reaction of PNP·NO2 with sulfur in acetone, hitherto taken for PNP · SSNO2. Clearly the product 3 of the action of triphenylphosphane upon 2 has to be regarded as PNP·SNO.
Bisphosphit-substituierte Olefinwolfram-Komplexe / Bisphosphite Substituted Olefintungsten Complexes
Authors: Berke Heinz , Sontag Christoph
Published: August 2018

Carbonyl Olefin Complexes, Phosphite Substitution The four-step syntheses -starting with hexacarbonyltungsten -of symmetrically and asymmetrically substituted trans-bisphosphite-mer-tricarbonyltungsten complexes, (OC)3 LL′(olefin)W, L = P(OMe)3 , L′ = P(OMe)3 or P(OEt)3 , olefin = ethylene, methylmaleate, methylfumarate, methylacrylate (4a-4e), are reported.
Studies on the Structure of β-Chitin
Authors: Akhtar Naheed , Haleem M. A.
Published: August 2018

Parallel chain system for the structure of β-chitin is studied from a stereochemical point of view and the structure has been refined by least squares procedures. As a first step correct atomic positions representing standard configuration of glucopyranose ring, peptide unit and CH2OH group have been redetermined in the unit cell. The unit cell is monoclinic with dimen­sions a = 4.85 Å, b = 10.38 Å (fibre axis), c = 9.26 Å and β = 97.5°. The space group is P21. The refinement has been done using five geometrical parameters, temperatur factor and the scaling factor. The R and Ø-value are found to be 0.235 and 37.61, respectively. The refined structure is found to be free from all short contacts. The refined chains form interhydrogen bond of the type N - H · · · O7= C7 and intrahydrogen bond of the type O5 - H · · · O3. The present calculations suggest that an intra-sheet O6a -H - O7 hydrogen bond cannot be formed in the present structure. This behaviour will certainly explain the different properties of β-chitin hav­ing less number of hydrogen bonds as compared to a-chitin.
ab initio-Rechnungen zur Tautomerie, Acidität und Basizität von 1-MethyIpyrazolin- 2-on-5 und seinen Schwefel und Selen Analogen / ab initio Calculations of the Tautomerism, the Acidity and the Basicity of 1-Methyl- pyrazoline-2-one-5 and the Corresponding Sulphur and Selenium Analogs
Authors: Tschmutova Galina , Ahlbrecht Hubertus
Published: August 2018

Quantum chemical calculations on the title compounds have been performed at different levels of theory in order to obtain a reasonable model capable of treating even larger systems with reliable results. The HF/6-31G*//PM3 model is shown to describe the cations reasonably well as compared to the corresponding ab initio results. The anions and neutral compounds yield reasonable results at the HF/ 6-31+G*//PM3 level. In the case of the oxygen compound the CH form is predicted to be the most stable tautomer at all levels of theory. The CH and the XH tautomer become energetically similar for the sulphur and selenium compounds, and the relative stability depends on the model used. All methods predict the acidity to increase in the order O<S<Se. Differences in basicity are not so pronounced. The most stable cation is always the N-protonated XH tautomer and is followed by the X-protonated CH tautomer. All other cations are calculated to be clearly higher in energy.

The conformation of the XH bond depends on the nature of the heteroatom. Whereas the oxygen compounds prefer a coplanar orientation with respect to the ring plane, the selenium compounds strongly tend to rotate the XH bond out of the plane into a nearly perpendicular position. Both conformations are found for sulphur compounds.
Quaternary Equiatomic Manganese Pnictide Oxides AMnPO (A = La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Dy), AMnAsO (A = Y, La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Dy, U), and AMnSbO (A = La-Nd, Sm, Gd) with ZrCuSiAs Type Structure
Authors: Nientiedt Andre T. , Jeitschko Wolfgang , Pollmeier Peter G. , Brylak Markus
Published: August 2018

The 24 title compounds were prepared in well crystallized form by reaction of the rare earth elements (or uranium, respectively), manganese, the pnictide components, and MnO2 in a NaCl/KCl flux. They crystallize with the tetragonal ZrCuSiAs type structure (P4/nmm, Z = 2), which has been refined from single-crystal X-ray data of NdMnPO (a = 398.9(1), c = 867.4(1) pm, R = 0.026), NdMnAsO (a = 404,9(2), c = 889.3(4) pm, R = 0.025), and NdMnSbO (a = 416.5(1), c = 946.2(2) pm, R = 0.021) for 107, 190, and 124 structure factors, respectively, and 11 variable parameters each. Chemical bonding in these compounds is briefly discussed.
Synthese und Röntgenstrukturanalyse von [Fe(η6-C6H4{1,3-(CH3)2})(η5 -C5(C6H5)5]+ [FeCl4]- / Synthesis and X-Ray Structure Analysis of [Fe(η6-C6H4{1 ,3 -(CH3)2})(η5-C5(C6H5)5]+ [FeCl4]-
Authors: Schumann Herbert , Lentz Alexander , Weimann Roman
Published: August 2018

Fe[C5(C6H5)5](CO)2Br (1) reacts with m-xylene at 80°C followed by hydrolysis with diluted HCl in the presence of air, to give [Fe(η6-C6H4{1,3-(CH3)2})(775-C5(C6H5)5)]+[FeCl4]- (3). The 1H, 13CNMR and mass spectra as well as the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirm the proposed sandwich cation structure. 3 crystallizes in the space group P 21/n with a = 984,0(1), b = 2201,0(7), c = 1684,9(2) pm, β = 91,94(1)° and V = 3647(1) x 10-30m3. The final refinement resulted in R = 0,054 for 2982 observed reflections with F0 ≥4σ (F0)
Synthese und Kristallstruktur von 7-Azaindolato-Silber, einem dimeren Ag(I)-Komplex mit kurzem Ag-Ag-Abstand
Authors: Beck J. , Reitz M.
Published: August 2018

[Ag(C7H5N2)]2 is obtained by the slow addition of a tetrahydrofuran (thf) solution of AgClO4 to a solution of Na(C7H5N2) in thf. The slightly yellow compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the lattice constants a = 554.5(1) pm, b = 954.6(2) pm, c = 1196.5(3) pm, β = 99.67(2)°. The structure consists of centrosymmetric, planar, dimeric complexes with ligand disorder in the crystal. The N atoms coordinate the Ag+ ions nearly linearly (N-Ag-N = 168°, Ag-N = 213 pm). The Ag+ ions in the dimeric unit have a short distance of 284 pm. The complexes are linked by weak intermolecular η2-Ag-C interactions to chains.
Zum Mineral Johillerit verwandte Oxovanadate RbCd4V3O12 und TlCd4V3O12 / Oxovanadates RbCd4V3O12 and TlCd4V3 O12 Related to the Mineral Johillerite
Authors: Mertens B. , Müller-Buschbaum Hk.
Published: August 2018

Single crystals of I RbCd4V3O12 and TlCd4V3O12 II have been prepared by solid state reactions in closed iron tubes. The compounds crystallize closely related to the Johillerite structure in the space group C6
2h- C2/c with I: a = 13.058(3); b - 13.528(3), c = 7 .0 6 0 (2 )Å , β = 114.88(2)°; II: a = 12.999(6), b = 13.527(7), c = 7.055(3) Å , β = 114.88(4)°, Z = 4. Special features are the loss of Cu2+ in order to gain an additional Cd2+ position. The crystal structure is discussed with respect to related compounds of the Johillerite type.
Quaternary Selenidogermanates(IV) A3[AgGe4Se10]·2H2O and A2[MnGe4Se10]·3H2O (A = Rb, Cs) with Open Framework Structures
Authors: Loose Anja , Sheldrick William S.
Published: August 2018

Hydrothermal reaction of Ge and Se with Ag(CH3COO) in the presence of alkali metal carbonates affords the open framework selenidogermanates(IV) A3[AgGe4Se10]·2H2O (A = Rb, Cs), 1 and 2, which contain corner linked adamantane-like Ge4Se10 cages and AgSe4 tetrahedra. The analogous reaction with Mn(CH3COO)2 yields the isostructural tetragonal compounds A2[MnGe4Se10]·3H2O (A = Rb, Cs), 3 and 4. The cations are sited at a general position in the channels of the silver bridged anionic framework of 1 and 2 and exhibit a disordered pattern of occupation (s.o.f. = 0.75) with one of the two crystallographically independent water oxygen atoms O(2) (s.o.f. = 0.25). In contrast, the Rb+ cations in 3 are disordered over all three cation/oxygen sites, and the cation/water occupation pattern is fully reversed for the larger Cs+ cations in 4 in comparison to 1 and 2.
Vanadiumkomplexe mit dreizähnigen diaciden Liganden. Bis[2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-chinolin-8-olato]dimethoxo-dioxo-divanadium(V) -ein neuer Strukturtyp/Vanadium Complexes with Tridentate Diacidic Ligands. Bis[2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-8-quinolinolato)dimethoxo-dioxo-divanadium (V) - a New Structure Type
Authors: Hefele Heike , Uhlemann Erhard , Weller Frank
Published: August 2018

A new binuclear vanadium( V) complex was synthesized by reaction of an aqueous oxovanadium(IV) sulfate solution with 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-8-quinolinol dissolved in methanol. The molecular structure of the complex was determined by X-ray structure analysis. Crystal data: a = 10.004(3), b = 9.325(2), c = 15.089(3) Å; β = 91.95(2)°; space group P21/n, Z = 4.
Zur Reaktion von N-Sulfonyliminodithiocarbonaten mit den Dibromiden des Cyclooctatetraens Reaction of Sulfonylcarboniminodithioates with the Dibromides of Cyclooctatetraene
Authors: Hartke Klaus , Bickert Jens Malte , Warda Salam A.
Published: August 2018

Dipotassium aryl(alkyl)sulfonylcarboniminodithioates (1a-c) crystallize with one or two molecules of water. In aqueous solution, they are protonated to form sulfonylcarbamodithioates (1”a-c). Aryl(alkyl)sulfonylcarboniminodithioates (1a-c) react with cyclooctate­traene dibromides (2a,b) to yield a mixture of 10-aryl(alkyl)sulfonylimino-9,11-dithiabicyclo-[6.3.0]undeca-2,4,6-trienes (3a-c) and 11-aryl(alkyl)sulfonyl-9,11-thiazabicyclo[6.3.0]-undeca-2.4.6-triene-10-thiones (4a-c). Structure (4a) was confirmed by X-ray analysis.