bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UMA ANÁLISE DA TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO SOB A ÓTICA DA SOCIOMATERIALIDADE
Authors: Moraes Emerson Augusto Priamo , Pinto Sandra Regina da Rocha
Published: August 2018

A tecnologia tem se tornado um aspecto integrante da maioria das organizações. De fato, as tecnologias estão em constante evolução e transformação, criando novos comportamentos e trazendo novos fenômenos aos pesquisadores para investigação no contexto em que se encontram. Especificamente na tecnologia da informação, observa-se uma mudança gradativa do campo de pesquisa, partindo de questões mais técnicas, ligadas à tecnologia, para uma visão mais voltada à organização, com informações gerenciais e estratégicas (ORLIKOWSKI e SCOTT, 2008). Esta mudança traz novos desafios para investigação na área, com abordagens promissoras, como a sociomaterialidade, que reconsidera o status da tecnologia na pesquisa organizacional. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a sociomaterialidade como uma possível lente teórica para a condução de pesquisas sobre as implicações da TI nas organizações. Com esse objetivo, fundamentar-se-á na noção de que o aspecto sociomaterial não diz respeito à tecnologia, mas à prática, na qual a tecnologia está incorporada. A argumentação a ser desenvolvida neste ensaio, basear-se-á, essencialmente em três pontos: na visão de Orlikowski a respeito da sociomaterialidade; no estabelecimento de que a tecnologia pode ser representada e estudada por seus artefatos (responsáveis pela interação da tecnologia com os atores sociais); e na assunção de que as práticas são passíveis de interpretação por meio das rotinas organizacionais: criadas e estabelecidas, também, a partir da interação entre tecnologia e os atores sociais.
CAPITAL INTELECTUAL:
Authors: Veloso Christiane Carvalho
Published: August 2018

O investimento em Capital Intelectual se tornou um facilitador competitivo organizacional, influenciando, assim, nos resultados positivos da organização. Dessa maneira, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar a relevância do patrimônio intelectual como diferencial para a consolidação da atuação da empresa no mercado, definindo conceitos, benefícios e estratégias para melhor utilização dessa ferramenta, além de enfatizar a contabilização do Capital Intelectual e as alternativas mais viáveis para incorporação desse ativo nos relatórios contábeis. O trabalho tem como problema central a delineação da importância do Capital Intelectual na promoção da competitividade das organizações, abordando maneiras pelas quais o investimento nesse ativo possa impactar positivamente os resultados das organizações modernas. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica realizada por meio do levantamento de diversas fontes e autores, de maneira a permitir o aprofundamento do estudo do investimento em Capital Intelectual na impulsão da competitividade organizacional. Constatou-se que será uma aposta assertiva das empresas investirem em ativo intelectual proporcionando consequências positivas para as organizações.
A ATUAL CRISE DE REFUGIADOS NA UNIÃO EUROPEIA:
Authors: Rosa Waleska Marcy , Ferreira Kélvia Faria
Published: August 2018

Pretende o presente artigo analisar a atual crise de refugiados na União Europeia, adotando-se como marco teórico a Teoria Crítica dos Direitos Humanos, especificamente, as sete teses de Costas Douzinas. Para tanto, realizou-se breve exposição do conceito de Teoria Crítica e dos principais pontos das sete teses. Em seguida, expôs-se o contexto fático e jurídico da União Europeia na questão dos refugiados, salientando-se os principais regramentos em vigor, bem como os principais acordos firmados recentemente. Finalmente, analisou-se criticamente as medidas adotadas pela União Europeia em política de asilo, à luz de algumas das teses de Douzinas. Como conclusão da pesquisa, pode-se verificar que, apesar de o discurso dos direitos humanos salientar a proteção das parcelas mais necessitadas, na prática, são exatamente estas parcelas as mais privadas de tais direitos.
In silico Analysis on the Possible Role of Mitochondria in Ferroptosis
Authors: Lőrincz Tamás , Szarka András
Published: August 2018

The lipid peroxide scavenger enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and its cofactor glutathione play a crucial role in the recently described programmed cell death, ferroptosis. Since mitochondria are the major sources of reactive oxygen species in mammalian cells the linkage between mitochondria, mitochondrial ROS generation and ferroptosis emerged quite early. As a result of alternative splicing human GPX4 has three different isoforms: long form (lGPX4), short form (sGPX4) and nuclear form (nGPX4) of which sGPX4 was found essential. To clarify the potential role of mitochondria in ferroptosis the localization of both the long and short versions of GPX4 and the only verified glutathione transport protein SLC25A11 was investigated by different in silico tools. Targeting of lGPX4 and sGPX4 to multiple organelles is possible as a number of rule- and neural network-based algorithms showed concordant results to specific pathways. Hence the mitochondrial localization of both isoforms on the base of in silico prediction is possible. Since sGPX4 was found in multiple organelles and non-canonical import pathways are presumable we also evaluated the previously used in silico methods in predicting the localization of a chimeric signal containing peptide CYP2B1 as well as a solely mitochondrial targeted CYP27A1. Our in silico results showed that only the CELLO prediction tool ranked mitochondrial import with meaningful possibility based on neighboring sequence composition. Summarily the possible mitochondrial localization of both long and short isoforms of GPX4 and the glutathione transporter SLC25A11 support the assumption that mitochondria play an important role in the pathways leading to ferroptosis.
Arsenicos is: A Review of Its Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Hye Mohammad A
Published: August 2018

Prolong ingestion of arsenic contaminated water affects human health severely. More than 67 million people in Bangladesh are exposed to 0.05 mg/ liter or above of arsenic in their drinking water and it is now considering a biggest crisis in health and social sector in the modern world. Arsenicosis affects almost all the vital system of the body. Skin involvement is the earliest and commonest feature. Diagnosis is usually done by history, clinical feature and laboratory analysis. Still there is no international consensus on its diagnosis and treatment. Antioxidant and food supplements are tried with different range of success. In this article, author describes the extent of arsenicosis and elaborates its diagnosis and treatment.Medicine Today 2018 Vol.30(2): 81-88
Science and Subjectivity: Understanding Objectivity of Scientific Knowledge
Authors: Mannan Md Abdul
Published: August 2018

Abstract not availablePhilosophy and Progress, Vol#59-60-; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2016
Influenza vaccination in pregnancy: vaccine uptake, maternal and healthcare providers’ knowledge and attitudes. A quantitative study
Authors: Barrett Tina , McEntee Edel , Drew Richard , O’Reilly Fiona , O’Carroll Austin , O’Shea Aisling , Cleary Brian
Published: August 2018

Background

Influenza during pregnancy is a potentially life threatening illness. There are limited data on influenza vaccination uptake and determinants of uptake in Irish obstetric populations.

Aim

To determine the uptake of influenza vaccination during pregnancy; determinants of vaccination uptake; knowledge, attitudes, and concerns of postnatal women; and knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals (HCPs) surrounding vaccination.

Design & setting

A quantitative study of postnatal women attending the Rotunda Hospital, a tertiary referral maternity hospital in Dublin, Ireland. A separate quantitative study conducted by the North Dublin City GP Training Programme surveyed GPs, pharmacists, and Rotunda Hospital clinical staff.

Method

A paper-based survey was distributed to postnatal women. HCPs completed the survey via the online tool Survey Monkey.

Results

330 patient surveys were disseminated, with a 60.0% response rate. Of 198 responders, 109 (55.1%) were vaccinated against influenza. Non-professionals were less likely to be vaccinated (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09 to 0.89). Vaccination in previous pregnancy (aOR 5.2, 95% CI = 1.69 to 15.62) and information from an HCP were strongly associated with vaccination (aOR 12.8, 95% CI = 2.65 to 62.5). There was a 20.2% (n = 1180) response rate among HCPs. More GPs felt that it was their role to discuss vaccination (92.9%; n = 676), and offer to vaccinate women (91.7%; n = 666) than any other HCP.

Conclusion

Provision of information about the importance of vaccination against influenza and pertussis during pregnancy by HCPs and their consistent recommendations in support of vaccination were key determinants of vaccine uptake during pregnancy. The sociodemographic determinants of a woman’s vaccination status should be addressed in health promotion campaigns. Education of HCPs may address knowledge gaps surrounding vaccination.
The X-Ray Luminosity Function of Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources in Collisional Ring Galaxies
Authors: Wolter Anna , Fruscione Antonella , Mapelli Michela
Published: August 2018

Ring galaxies are fascinating laboratories: a catastrophic impact between two galaxies (one not much smaller than the other) has produced fireworks, especially in the larger one, when hit roughly perpendicularly to the plane. We analyze the point sources produced by the starburst episode following the impact in the rings of seven galaxies and determine their X-ray luminosity function (XLF). In total, we detect 63 sources, of which 50 have luminosity L
X ≥ 1039 erg s−1, classifying them as ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). We find that the total XLF is not significantly different from XLFs derived for other kinds of galaxies, with a tendency of having a larger fraction of high X-ray luminosity objects. Both the total number of ULXs and the number of ULXs per unit star formation rate are found in the upper envelope of the more normal galaxies distribution. Further analysis would be needed to address the issue of the nature of the compact component in the binary system.
Threshold of Non-potential Magnetic Helicity Ratios at the Onset of Solar Eruptions
Authors: Zuccarello F. P. , Pariat E. , Valori G. , Linan L.
Published: August 2018

The relative magnetic helicity is a quantity that is often used to describe the level of entanglement of non-isolated magnetic fields, such as the magnetic field of solar active regions. The aim of this paper is to investigate how different kinds of photospheric boundary flows accumulate relative magnetic helicity in the corona and if and how well magnetic-helicity-related quantities identify the onset of an eruption. We use a series of three-dimensional, parametric magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the formation and eruption of magnetic flux ropes. All the simulations are performed on the same grid, using the same parameters, but they are characterized by different driving photospheric flows, i.e., shearing, convergence, stretching, and peripheral- and central- dispersion flows. For each of the simulations, the instant of the onset of the eruption is carefully identified by using a series of relaxation runs. We find that magnetic energy and total relative helicity are mostly injected when shearing flows are applied at the boundary, while the magnetic energy and helicity associated with the coronal electric currents increase regardless of the kind of photospheric flows. We also find that, at the onset of the eruptions, the ratio between the non-potential magnetic helicity and the total relative magnetic helicity has the same value for all the simulations, suggesting the existence of a threshold in this quantity. Such a threshold is not observed for other quantities as, for example, those related to the magnetic energy.
Merger History of Central Galaxies in Semi-analytic Models of Galaxy Formation
Authors: Raouf Mojtaba , Khosroshahi Habib G. , Mamon Gary A. , Croton Darren J. , Hashemizadeh Abdolhosein , Dariush Ali A.
Published: August 2018

We investigate the dynamical evolution of galaxies in groups with different formation epochs. Galaxy groups have been selected to be in different dynamical states, namely dynamically old and dynamically young, which reflect their early and late formation times, respectively, based on their halo mass assembly. The brightest galaxies in dynamically young groups have suffered their last major galaxy merger typically ∼2 Gyr more recently than their counterparts in dynamically old groups. Furthermore, we study the evolution of velocity dispersion in these two classes and compare them with the analytic models of isolated halos. The velocity dispersion of dwarf galaxies in high-mass, dynamically young groups increases slowly in time, while the analogous dispersion in dynamically old, high-mass groups is constant. In contrast, the velocity dispersion of giant galaxies in low-mass groups decreases rapidly at late times. This increasing velocity bias is caused by dynamical friction, and starts much earlier in the dynamically old groups. The recent Radio-SAGE model of galaxy formation suggests that radio luminosities of central galaxies, considered to be tracers of AGN activity, are enhanced in halos that assembled more recently, independent of the time since the last major merger.
Helioseismic Inversion to Infer the Depth Profile of Solar Meridional Flow Using Spherical Born Kernels
Authors: Mandal K. , Hanasoge S. M. , Rajaguru S. P. , Antia H. M.
Published: August 2018

Accurate inferences of solar meridional flow are crucial for understanding solar dynamo processes. Wave travel times, as measured on the surface, will change if the waves encounter perturbations, e.g., in the sound speed or flows, as they propagate through the solar interior. Using functions called sensitivity kernels, we can image the underlying anomalies that cause measured shifts in travel times. The inference of large-scale structures, e.g., meridional circulation, requires computing sensitivity kernels in spherical geometry. Mandal et al. have computed such spherical kernels in the limit of the first-Born approximation. In this work, we perform an inversion for meridional circulation using travel-time measurements obtained from 6 years of Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager data and those sensitivity kernels. We enforce mass conservation by inverting for a stream function. The number of free parameters is reduced by projecting the solution onto cubic B-splines in radius and derivatives of the Legendre-polynomial basis in latitude, thereby improving the condition number of the inverse problem. We validate our approach for synthetic observations before performing the actual inversion. The inversion suggests a single-cell profile with a return flow occurring at depths below 0.78 R
⊙.
A New Interpretation of the Mass–Temperature Relation and Mass Calibration of Galaxy Clusters Based on the Fundamental Plane
Authors: Fujita Yutaka , Umetsu Keiichi , Ettori Stefano , Rasia Elena , Okabe Nobuhiro , Meneghetti Massimo
Published: August 2018

Observations and numerical simulations have shown that the relation between the mass scaled with the critical density of the universe and the X-ray temperature of galaxy clusters is approximately represented by

M

Δ

∝

T

X

3

/

2

(e.g.,

Δ
=
500

). This relation is often interpreted as evidence that clusters are in virial equilibrium. However, the recently discovered fundamental plane (FP) of clusters indicates that the temperature of clusters primarily depends on a combination of the characteristic mass M

s
and radius r

s
of the Navarro–Frenk–White profile rather than M
Δ. Moreover, the angle of the FP revealed that clusters are not in virial equilibrium because of continuous mass accretion from the surrounding matter. By considering both the FP and the mass dependence of the cluster concentration parameter, we show that this paradox can be solved and the relation

M

Δ

∝

T

X

3

/

2

actually reflects the central structure of clusters. We also find that the intrinsic scatter in the halo concentration–mass relation can largely account for the spread of clusters on the FP. We also show that X-ray data alone form the FP and the angle and the position are consistent with those of the FP constructed from gravitational lensing data. We demonstrate that a possible shift between the two FPs can be used to calibrate cluster masses obtained via X-ray observations.
Three-phase Evolution of a Coronal Hole. II. The Magnetic Field
Authors: Heinemann Stephan G. , Hofmeister Stefan J. , Veronig Astrid M. , Temmer Manuela
Published: August 2018

We investigate the magnetic characteristics of a persistent coronal hole (CH) extracted from EUV imagery using Heliospheric and Magnetic Imager filtergrams over the period 2012 February–October. The magnetic field, its distribution, and the magnetic fine structure in the form of flux tubes (FTs) are analyzed in different evolutionary states of the CH. We find a strong linear correlation between the magnetic properties (e.g., signed/unsigned magnetic field strength) and the area of the CH. As such, the evolutionary pattern in the magnetic field clearly follows a three-phase evolution (growing, maximum, and decaying) as found from EUV data (Part I). This evolutionary process is most likely driven by strong FTs with a mean magnetic field strength exceeding 50 G. During the maximum phase they entail up to 72% of the total signed magnetic flux of the CH, but only cover up to 3.9% of the total CH area, whereas during the growing and decaying phases, strong FTs entail 54%–60% of the signed magnetic flux and cover around 1%–2% of the CH’s total area. We conclude that small-scale structures of strong unipolar magnetic field are the fundamental building blocks of a CH and govern its evolution.
A Luminous and Highly Variable Gamma-Ray Flare Following the 2017 Periastron of PSR B1259–63/LS 2883
Authors: Johnson T. J. , Wood K. S. , Kerr M. , Corbet R. H. D. , Cheung C. C. , Ray P. S. , Omodei N.
Published: August 2018

Three periastron passages of the PSR B1259−63/LS 2883 binary system, consisting of a 48 ms rotation-powered pulsar and a Be star, have been observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, in 2010, 2014, and 2017. During the most recent periastron passage, sustained low-level gamma-ray emission was observed over a ∼3-week-long interval immediately after periastron, which was followed by an interval of no emission. Sporadic flares were detected starting 40 days post-periastron and lasted approximately 50 days, during which the emission displayed significant spectral curvature, variability on timescales as short as 1.5 minutes, and peak flux levels well in excess of the pulsar spin-down power. By contrast, during the 2010 and 2014 periastron passages, significant gamma-ray emission was not observed with the LAT until 30 and 32 days post-periastron, respectively. The previous flares did not exhibit spectral curvature, showed no short term variability, and did not exceed the pulsar spin-down power. The high flux and short timescales observed in 2017 suggest significant beaming of the emission is required and constrain the size of the emission region. The flares occur long enough after periastron that the neutron star should already have passed through the extended disk-like outflow, thus constraining options for target material and seed photon sources for inverse Compton models.
A Comparative Evaluation of a New Generation of Diffractive Trifocal and Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Cochener Beatrice , Boutillier Guillaume , Lamard Mathieu , Auberger-Zagnoli Claire
Published: August 2018

PURPOSE:

To evaluate and compare the performance of two diffractive trifocal and one extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs).

METHODS:

In this 6-month, single-center, prospective, randomized, comparative study, patients undergoing routine cataract surgery were randomized to receive one of two trifocal IOLs (AcrySof IQ PanOptix; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, or FineVision Micro F; PhysIOL SA, Liège, Belgium) or an EDOF IOL (TECNIS Symfony; Abbott Medical Optics, Inc., Abbott Park, IL). There were 20 patients in each group. The primary outcome was binocular and monocular uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA), and near (UNVA) visual acuity. The secondary outcomes were quality of vision and aberrometry.

RESULTS:

There was no statistically significant difference between groups in either monocular (
P
= .717) or binocular (
P
= .837) UDVA. Monocular and binocular UNVA were statistically and significantly better for both trifocal lenses than for the EDOF IOL (
P
= .002). The percentage of patients with J2 UNVA was 52.5% monocularly and 70% binocularly for the TECNIS Symfony IOL, 81.5% monocularly and 100% binocularly for the AcrySof IQ PanOptix IOL, and 82.5% monocularly and 95% binocularly for the FineVision Micro F IOL. There was no significant difference in binocular UIVA between groups; VA was better than 0.6 in 55%, 53%, and 35% of patients with the TECNIS Symfony, AcrySof IQ Pan-Optix, and FineVision Micro F IOLs, respectively. Overall, 90% patients achieved spectacle independence. There were no differences in visual symptoms and aberrometry among groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

All three IOLs provided good visual acuity at all distances, a high percentage of spectacle independence, and little or no impact of visual symptoms on the patients' daily functioning. Near vision was statistically better for both trifocal IOLs compared to the EDOF IOL.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(8):507–514.]
Does PACK-CXL Change the Prognosis of Resistant Infectious Keratitis?
Authors: Zloto Ofira , Barequet Irina S. , Weissman Alon , Ezra Nimni Orit , Berger Yoav , Avni-Zauberman Noa
Published: August 2018

PURPOSE:

To examine the clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of all cases of infectious keratitis resistant to conventional therapy and treated by photo-activated chromophore for keratitis corneal cross-linking (PACK-CXL) in one institution between 2012 and 2016.

METHODS:

A database search of patients who underwent PACK-CXL (ultraviolet-A for 10 minutes for irradiance of 9 mW/cm2) for infectious keratitis unresponsive to medical treatment at a tertiary care hospital was conducted. The following parameters were documented: patient demographic information, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) before the procedure and at the end of follow-up, characteristics of the ulcer, antibiotic treatment prior to CXL, culture results, and long-term complications. Cases with less than 1 year of follow-up were excluded.

RESULTS:

PACK-CXL was performed in 18 consecutive eyes. CDVA at the time of presentation was 1.47 logMAR (mean 1.47 ± 0.72 logMAR, range: 0.00 to 2.79 logMAR). Culture results were positive in 72% of eyes (13 of 18 patients) and no pathogens were identified in 28% of eyes (5 of 18 patients). All patients were treated with more than one antibiotic. The mean CDVA at the end of follow-up was 1.22 logMAR (mean: 1.22 ± 0.89 logMAR, range: 0 to 2.07 logMAR). There was no significant change between CDVA at presentation to CDVA at the end of follow-up (matched pair,P= .126). One eye underwent an emergency therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients with large, central corneal ulcer and poor CDVA who were resistant to conventional treatment underwent PACK-CXL. At the end of follow-up, only one eye required emergency penetrating keratoplasty. This low rate might be attributed to a good response to CXL.

[J Refract Surg.2018;34(8):559–563.]
Comparing Total Keratometry Measurement on the IOLMaster 700 With Goggin Nomogram Adjusted Anterior Keratometry
Authors: LaHood Benjamin R. , Goggin Michael , Beheregaray Simone , Andrew Nicholas H. , Esterman Adrian
Published: August 2018

PURPOSE:

To compare “total keratometry” measurements with Goggin nomogram adjusted anterior keratometry (GNAK) for toric intraocular lens calculation.

METHODS:

Routine biometry provided measured total keratometry values from which astigmatism was derived. The Goggin nomogram was applied to anterior keratometry values on the same eyes to provide nomogram-adjusted anterior keratometry values (GNAK) that estimate total corneal astigmatism. The agreement between total keratometry and GNAK was analyzed.

RESULTS:

Overall, in 46 eyes there was no statistically significant difference between median GNAK and total keratometry power values (
P
= .746). No statistically significant difference remained in against-the-rule and oblique subgroup analyses. Absolute and signed steep axis of astigmatism was statistically significantly different for GNAK and total keratometry in the overall analysis (
P
< .001 and = .029, respectively) and for against-the-rule and oblique subgroup analyses. The with-the-rule subgroup showed a statistically significant difference in astigmatic power and no significant signed steep axis difference between GNAK and total keratometry.

CONCLUSIONS:

Total keratometry appears able to measure total corneal astigmatism to match closely (clinically and statistically) GNAK estimation of that parameter. This indicates that it would be safe and reasonable to use total keratometry data for planning of cataract surgery with toric IOLs.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(8):521–526.]
Sobre historiografía americanista y un caballero de la hispanidad: Carlos Pereyra en España (1916-1942)
Authors: Pilatowsky Goñi Priscila
Published: August 2018

El presente artículo analiza los últimos años del mexicano Carlos Pereyra en España (1916 a 1942). Nuestro objetivo es comprender las estrategias por las que este personaje se incorporó dentro de la vida cultural española, convirtiéndose en uno de los americanistas más destacados. Desde metodologías de la historia intelectual, revisamos su trayectoria laboral, posiciones políticas, relaciones personales, escritura, y su participación en eventos culturales. Las fuentes incluyen biografías, revistas, periódicos, y una bibliografía que incluye la obra de este autor.
El Plan Prebisch de 1955, los dilemas del desarrollo argentino y las controversias en torno a los legados económicos del peronismo
Authors: Belini Claudio
Published: August 2018

Este artículo analiza las controversias en torno a los legados económicos del peronismo que estallaron a partir de la presentación del Plan Prebisch de 1955. El trabajo estudia las respuestas que brindaron economistas y políticos de cuatro tradiciones ideológicas distintas (izquierdas, nacionalismo, liberalismo y peronismo), a los diagnósticos realizados por Raúl Prebisch sobre el estado de la economía argentina. Se examinan las ideas económicas predominantes en los años cincuenta y los límites con que los actores comprendieron los dilemas que enfrentaba la Argentina como economía semi-industrializada. Se sostiene que estos debates definieron una agenda que perduraría hasta el ascenso del desarrollismo de Arturo Frondizi en 1958 y, al mismo tiempo, tuvieron una prolongada influencia en las interpretaciones historiográficas sobre la economía peronista.
European Energy Alternatives and Turkey's Compatibility
Authors: Aytüre Selma
Published: August 2018

Energy is an issue of strategic importance to the European Union and Turkey. Both are dependent to the outside. EU is the world's largest energy importer and second largest energy consumer after the United States. Turkey's alignment with the EU's energy policy is extremely important for EU in terms of increasing the diversity and quality of its energy resources. Turkey's strategic location makes Turkey a land of passage for transporting oil and gas to Europe. This geopolitical importance is an important opportunity for both sides. In this chapter, EU's position on energy in the world has been explained first. Then the energy situation and energy policy in EU has been examined. Secondly, Turkey's energy policy and compatibility to EU together with complementary role to EU on Energy has been presented.
Sustainable Supply Chains
Authors: Pierce Janine M. , Velliaris Donna M.
Published: August 2018

Supply chains provide many challenges to organizations relating to ethical practices at all levels of the supply chain in an often non-transparent environment, with different operator values through different geographic and cultural locations. Considerations are discussed relating to the link between ethics and brand success, challenges and risk issues relating to ethical supply chains, the role of partnering with others in the supply chain, and the friend or foe consideration of NGOs. The importance and value of bodies such as the UN Global Compact and ACSI to comply with sustainability standards and achieve accreditation as a double benefit strategy for being a responsible organization, as well as enhancing brand, are highlighted. The values of certification and partnership networks are emphasized, with concluding reflections on how partnerships and strength in ethical supply chain are dependent on the need to have every link in the chain be ethical and transparent.
Market Orientation and Supply Chain Performance, Mediating Role of Supply Chain Management Strategy
Authors: Gopal Pulidindi Venu , Priya Aswini
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study is to examine the supply chain performance of small medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vellore district. This research also determines the connection between market orientation and supply chain performance and the mediating effect of supply chain management strategy on the impact of market orientation on supply chain performance. The survey was administered and collected from employees and sales managers from three small medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vellore district. Correlation, regression, mediation effect using SPSS is performed to test the hypothesis. The findings of the study reveal that there exists a positive relationship between marketing orientation and supply chain performance and the manufacturing organization's supply chain management strategy mediates the connection between marketing orientation and supply chain performance.
Supply Chain Modelling Under Carbon Trading
Authors: Nidhi M. B.  , Pillai V. Madhusudanan
Published: August 2018

In the recent decades, carbon footprint assessment of an activity has been emerging as a major research area. The carbon trading called “CAP and TRADE system” is evolved out of the Kyoto Protocol and emission trading schemes and is experimented across countries to encourage organizations to control emission. The region or country fixes the CAP which is the limit for emissions emitted by an organization. This chapter depicts the performance evaluation of a supply chain under the carbon cap and trade scheme. A mathematical model is proposed which considers carbon emissions as a result of supply chain operation, carbon trading among members of the supply chain, and carbon trading with members of outside supply chain. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed for the performance evaluation of a forward supply chain having 4 stages. The analysis shows that carbon trading allows economic benefits as well as environmental benefits.
Understanding the Macroalgal Value Chain
Authors: Cheshire Anthony , Nayar Sasi , Roos Göran
Published: August 2018

The macroalgae value chain is similar to other plant-based production chains in that they go through the same chain of production, grow-out, harvesting, processing, utilization, and ultimately disposal. Extraction is a process specific only to the end product and can include the extraction of polysaccharides including hydrocolloids. The extraction process also contains other high-value specialty chemicals for use as additives in food and cosmetic products. This chapter explores the macroalgal value chain.
The Influence of School Education on the Professional Identity of Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Abrantes António Fernando Caldeira Lagem , Azevedo Kevin Barros , Alberto da Silva Carlos , Ribeiro Luis Pedro , Almeida Rui Pedro Pereira
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the influence of school education on the formation of professional identity of radiology professionals. The research approach selected was based on a bibliographic review regarding the concepts involving professional identity and the transfer of knowledge at the school level, and the methods utilized to translate it into the clinical environment. These two themes were approached in two different researches, one aiming to evaluate whether or not the skills that students perceive as being acquired at the degree level will correspond to professional field demands, and the other aiming to collect perceptions regarding the clinical support provided to students by tutors. There is continuity between school socialization and professional socialization processes, allowing the implementation at the school level of the real needs of the radiology professional, and the contents provided to students prior to the clinical environment were sufficient to assure the development of professional competencies.
University-Industry Linkage Through Business Incubation
Authors: Caetano Dinis , Preto Miguel T. , Amaral Miguel
Published: August 2018

This chapter focuses on the role played by business incubators in developing and facilitating knowledge transfer, networks, and business support to tenant firms through a sustainable ecosystem. The authors conduct an in-depth qualitative case-study of one tech-based business incubator in Portugal—IPN, created in 1991 by the University of Coimbra—to provide insight on how the incubator's direction/management board and a group of incubatees perceive incubation and its impact. Primary data was collected via participant observation/focus group involving the incubators' CEO and six team members. Semi-structured interviews were carried out among the CEOs and top managers from 11 companies supported by IPN whether as (1) incubates, (2) under acceleration, and (3) graduates. Results show a positive impact of incubation on internationalization and growth for incubatees and companies under acceleration. However, there is a need for new post-incubation follow-up mechanisms and a normative context promoting richer interactions with graduates.
Effective Leadership Style for Indigenous Schools in the Malaysian Context
Authors: Krishnasamy Hariharan N.
Published: August 2018

This study focuses on the indigenous peoples of Malaysia who are collectively categorized as the orang asli (indigenous people) in Malaysia. This group was selected as they face many challenges in the field of education which is often linked to poverty, incompatible teaching-learning methods, lack of facilities, and school leadership. The study investigates the role of school administrators, teachers, parents, and pupils in five selected schools in Malaysia. Five school headmasters, two administrative officials, 10 teachers, 10 parents, and 10 students took part in this qualitative study. Interviews on school leadership were explored in terms of challenges and good practices which leads to the development of a model that incorporates the findings from the study. It is hoped that the model which emphasizes sociocultural sensitivity, the need to draw on the knowledge and the skills of the orang asli for educational development, and reaching out to them will be helpful to indigenous peoples in Malaysia and other countries.
Chinese Higher Vocational Education Development and Reform
Authors: Zhou Yi
Published: August 2018

Education researchers have examined whether innovative education and training initiatives might assist in promoting a nation's economic growth. A focus upon Chinese higher vocational education (CHVE) offers an opportunity to study these factors, as CHVE plays an important role in China's educational, economic, and social development. The role of CHVE is to contribute a skilled workforce to the knowledge economy; however, it faces challenges from cultural traditions, teaching/curriculum, and funding issues. The question of how CHVE might better serve social and economic development is of concern to both the nation and government because it is associated with the nation's future economic reform. Through analysis of government policy, the author discusses the development of CHVE as having four major stages with different policy emphases. The new policy reform addresses movement towards optimization of teaching/curriculum, development of decentralization/localization, improvement of industry cooperation, and enhancement of internationalization.
Vocational Education in Turkey
Authors: Kaya Tülay
Published: August 2018

With the emergence of nation states in the 19th century, schools were transformed into platforms not only for building modern citizens, but also for gathering the manpower needed by various industries. Turkey was one of the countries where educational institutions were structured in accordance with the construction process of the nation state. Modern Turkey was founded after the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1923, and education became instrumental in the process of reconstructing its society in a transforming world. In the early Republican period, reference was made to Europe in the main. From the 1950s onwards, however, it is possible to observe a shift in the educational center of reference towards the USA. This background to the historical process is critical for understanding the current form of vocational education in Turkey. In this chapter, the story of vocational education in the historical process is told, and the current state of formal secondary and post-secondary education institutions is discussed.
Community Education in New Zealand
Authors: Airy Samuel P. G. , Brown Gavin T. L.
Published: August 2018

The U.S. community college model does not currently operate in New Zealand. In addition to university and vocational programs at polytechnics, further education within the community is provided through open-entry, low-cost, “night-school” courses run from various high schools and community centers. Courses once covered “general interest” subjects to basic academic and vocational skills with significant government subsidies. However, government funding changes now prioritize programs containing core numeracy and literacy components, leading to the cancellation of some nonconforming classes. This raises questions regarding the role of community education for delivering certain programs. For example, many non-subsidized business and entrepreneurship courses are provided through night-school education. To illustrate this type of community education program, entrepreneurship courses taught in four different night schools are described. This chapter will help readers understand the nature of community education in New Zealand and the challenges it currently faces.
Butterfly, Emerging
Authors: Lucchesi Melissa
Published: August 2018

The prevalence of traumas such as sexual violence is difficult to measure. However, it is fairly widely accepted that 1 in 5 women and 1 in 33 men will be a victim of sexual violence in her or his lifetime. Because of complicating factors to this type of trauma, survivors may not readily identify themselves as that. Healing arts and yoga help survivors to process traumatic energy and thoughts without having to delve into those dark and painful caverns. This chapter shares first person experience of sexual violence and navigating healing, as well as professional experience with other survivors, to illustrate the importance of trauma-informed healing and expressive arts when healing from trauma.
A Creative Approach to Assessment
Authors: Dean Callie B.
Published: August 2018

This chapter explores the suitability of an arts-based approach to the spiritual assessment of adolescents. Spirituality is a notoriously difficult concept to define, much less to measure. However, many practitioners in both religious and secular settings are increasingly concerned about promoting spiritual development among the youth that they serve. Some quantitative assessment tools already exist to measure youth spirituality; however, these may be of limited practical use within real-world contexts. Complete instructions and rubrics for two assessment activities are provided, followed by sample responses and a discussion about how to use the results and extend the activities for maximum impact. Initial research suggests that these and similar activities show great promise as qualitative instruments, which can elicit deeper understandings of adolescents' experiences of transcendence and ability to make meaning out of life circumstances.
Gamification in Entertainment Industry
Authors: Sharma Savita , Somani Adarsh
Published: August 2018

Gamification is a tool used for brand awareness to attract new customers and to make the present customers more loyal towards the product by making them engaged in an enjoyable manner. It has become one of the prominent topics of interest for many academicians and marketing professionals because of the simple reason that it is considered to be the one of effective ways to promote various services and products for many brands and other companies. This chapter explores gamification in the Indian film industry.
Ontology-Based Opinion Mining for Online Product Reviews
Authors: Siddiqui Farheen , Agarwal Parul
Published: August 2018

In this chapter, the authors work at the feature level opinion mining and make a user-centric selection of each feature. Then they preprocess the data using techniques like sentence splitting, stemming, and many more. Ontology plays an important role in annotating documents with metadata, improving the performance of information extraction and reasoning, and making data interoperable between different applications. In order to build ontology in the method, the authors use (product) domain ontology, ConceptNet, and word net databases. They discuss the current approaches being used for the same by an extensive literature survey. In addition, an approach used for ontology-based mining is proposed and exploited using a product as a case study. This is supported by implementation. The chapter concludes with results and discussion.
Towards a Secure, Distributed, and Reliable Cloud-Based Reference Architecture for Big Data in Smart Cities
Authors: Kohler Jens , Specht Thomas
Published: August 2018

Current revolutions with respect to big data affect people's everyday life more and more. New ways of living, communication, and knowledge sharing have been created under the smart city umbrella. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are used to improve urban services. Examples are car sharing, energy consumption, adaptive traffic management, etc. A closer look at these services reveals that data, produced and consumed by people (or automatically by devices), are the cornerstone for working and reliable urban services. For this, large volumes of data with a great variety have to be processed at a high velocity which is commonly known as big data. This chapter designs a secure, distributed, and reliable cloud-based reference architecture that logically separates confidential data and distributes them to various databases in different clouds. It increases the reliability of the distributed data with high-availability mechanisms to protect data against various threads (e.g., hackers, terrorists, data collecting companies, etc.).
Community Mesh Networks
Authors: De Filippi Primavera
Published: August 2018

Smart cities embed information and communication technologies (ICT) to create interactive milieus that constitute a bridge between the physical and the digital world. In their attempt to improve citizens' quality of life through a more efficient use and sustainability of resources, smart cities might, however, also raise important concerns as regards the privacy and confidentiality of personal data flows. Insofar as the design of a city's telecommunication infrastructure is likely to affect the nature of social dynamics and human interactions, it should, ideally, be achieved through a coordinated, citizen-centric approach combining integrated ICTs with active citizen participation and intelligent physical, digital and informational resource management. This chapter analyzes the case of community mesh networks as an example of grassroots decentralized communication infrastructures, whose architecture design has important implications for the deployment and configuration of smart cities.
An Extension of the MiSCi Middleware for Smart Cities Based on Fog Computing
Authors: Aguilar Jose , Sanchez Manuel B. , Jerez Marxjhony , Mendonca Maribel
Published: August 2018

In a Smart City is required computational platforms, which allow environments with multiple interconnected and embedded systems, where the technology is integrated with the people, and can respond to unpredictable situations. One of the biggest challenges in developing Smart City is how to describe and dispose of enormous and multiple sources of information, and how to share and merge it into a single infrastructure. In previous works, we have proposed an Autonomic Reflective Middleware with emerging and ubiquitous capabilities, which is based on intelligent agents that can be adapted to the existing dynamism in a city for, ubiquitously, respond to the requirements of citizens, using emerging ontologies that allow the adaptation to the context. In this work, we extend this middleware using the fog computing paradigm, to solve this problem. The fog extends the cloud to be closer to the things that produce and act on the smart city. In this paper, we present the extension to the middleware, and examples of utilization in different situations in a smart city.
A Case Study for eCampus Spatial
Authors: Thi Thanh Thoa Pham , Ballatore Andrea , Yin Junjun , Truong-Hong Linh , Carswell James D.
Published: August 2018

Location based querying is the core interaction paradigm between mobile citizens and the Internet of Things, so providing users with intelligent web-services that interact efficiently with web and wireless devices to recommend personalised services is a key goal. With today's popular Web Map Services, users can ask for general information at a specific location, but not detailed information such as related functionality or environments. This shortcoming comes from a lack of connection between non-spatial “business” data and spatial “map” data. This chapter presents a novel approach for location-based querying in web and wireless environments, in which non-spatial business data is dynamically connected to spatial base-map data to provide users with spatially-enabled attribute information at particular locations. The proposed approach is illustrated in a case study at the National University of Ireland in Maynooth (NUIM), where detailed 3D campus building models were constructed. Non-spatial university specific business data such as the functionalities and timetables of class rooms/buildings, campus news, noise levels, and navigation are then explored over the web and presented as both mobile and desktop web-services.
Smart Citizens, Wise Decisions
Authors: Calisto Maria de Lurdes , Gonçalves Ana
Published: August 2018

This chapter takes as its research starting point a critical and convergent review and reexamination of existing theory and knowledge about entrepreneurship and sustainability. We question whether smart cities provide the ideal context for sustainability entrepreneurship (SE) to emerge and how sustainability-driven entrepreneurs can contribute to the development of smarter and more sustainable tourism destinations. Hence, we examine SE tourism and hospitality businesses implemented by these so-called ‘smart citizens' in Lisbon (Portugal), a city that arguably provides the necessary context for smart decisions to flourish. This chapter thus aims at opening up new modes of inquiry and questioning existing epistemologies on the study of smart cities and entrepreneurship that help breaking new ground about the role of entrepreneurs in the tourism activity.