bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spanish and English compliment responses in discourse
Authors: Czerwionka Lori , Dickerson Sydney
Published: April 2022

This investigation of second language (L2) pragmatic development over a six-week, short-term study abroad program examines compliment responses among English-speaking, L2 learners of Spanish, and compares the L2 group to native speakers of Spanish and English. Data were collected by offering a compliment during interviews, thus eliciting naturalistic compliment responses in a uniform context. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of this corpus offered a discourse-level analysis of compliment responses as a (co)constructed and multimodal speech act. Results revealed cross-cultural differences in the use of appreciation tokens (e.g., “thanks”), nodding, and compliment-compliment response discourse structures (i.e., English: pragmatic routine with appreciation; Spanish: co-constructed agreement). L2 learners’ compliment responses before and after study abroad aligned with English speaker norms. Thus, compliment responses in the L2 may not be salient for L2 learners. Results highlighted cross-cultural differences in the speech acts used to respond to a compliment and the complex issue of interlanguage pragmatics.
Effects of linguistic proficiency on speech act development in L2 Chinese during study abroad
Authors: Li Shuai , Tang Xiaofei , Taguchi Naoko , Xiao Feng
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the effects of different levels of linguistic proficiency on the development of multiple speech acts during study abroad. Participants were 109 American learners of Chinese recruited from a study abroad program in China. They were divided into a higher proficiency (HP) group and a lower proficiency (LP) group based on their scores on a standardized Chinese proficiency test. The participants completed a computerized oral Discourse Completion Test (DCT) that assessed the production of compliment response, refusal, and request as pre- and posttests. The learners’ oral productions were analyzed according to measures of appropriateness rating and speech rate. Linguistic analysis was performed to examine changes in strategy preference and distribution across the three speech acts. Results revealed a complex relationship between proficiency, speech act type, pragmatic performance measure (e.g., appropriateness, speech rate), and ways that pragmatic changes are evaluated (e.g., developmental trajectory, amount of gain).
CD36, a signaling receptor and fatty acid transporter that regulates immune cell metabolism and fate
Authors: Chen Yiliang , Zhang Jue , Cui Weiguo , Silverstein Roy L.
Published: April 2022

CD36 is a type 2 cell surface scavenger receptor widely expressed in many immune and non-immune cells. It functions as both a signaling receptor responding to DAMPs and PAMPs, as well as a long chain free fatty acid transporter. Recent studies have indicated that CD36 can integrate cell signaling and metabolic pathways through its dual functions and thereby influence immune cell differentiation and activation, and ultimately help determine cell fate. Its expression along with its dual functions in both innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to pathogenesis of common diseases, including atherosclerosis and tumor progression, which makes CD36 and its downstream effectors potential therapeutic targets. This review comprehensively examines the dual functions of CD36 in a variety of immune cells, especially macrophages and T cells. We also briefly discuss CD36 function in non-immune cells, such as adipocytes and platelets, which impact the immune system via intercellular communication. Finally, outstanding questions in this field are provided for potential directions of future studies.
Coarse-grained modeling of crystals by the amplitude expansion of the phase-field crystal model: an overview
Authors: Salvalaglio Marco , Elder Ken R
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive investigations of crystalline systems often require methods bridging atomistic and continuum scales. In this context, coarse-grained mesoscale approaches are of particular interest as they allow the examination of large systems and time scales while retaining some microscopic details. The so-called phase-field crystal (PFC) model conveniently describes crystals at diffusive time scales through a continuous periodic field which varies on atomic scales and is related to the atomic number density. To go beyond the restrictive atomic length scales of the PFC model, a complex amplitude formulation was first developed by Goldenfeld et al (2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 020601). While focusing on length scales larger than the lattice parameter, this approach can describe crystalline defects, interfaces, and lattice deformations. It has been used to examine many phenomena including liquid/solid fronts, grain boundary energies, and strained films. This topical review focuses on this amplitude expansion of the PFC model and its developments. An overview of the derivation, connection to the continuum limit, representative applications, and extensions is presented. A few practical aspects, such as suitable numerical methods and examples, are illustrated as well. Finally, the capabilities and bounds of the model, current challenges, and future perspectives are addressed.
Optimisation of multi-petawatt laser-driven proton acceleration in the relativistic transparency regime
Authors: Goodman J , King M , Wilson R , Gray R J , McKenna P
Published: April 2022

Laser-driven proton acceleration from ultrathin foils in the relativistic transparency regime is investigated using 2D and 3D particle-in-cell simulations. The optimisation of the maximum proton energy and the overall laser-to-proton energy conversion efficiency with the onset of transparency is investigated for linearly and circularly polarised laser light at intensities up to 2 × 1023 W cm−2. The effects of the rising edge of the laser intensity profile and radiation reaction at the most extreme laser intensity are considered. It is found that the time at which transparency occurs relative to the peak of the laser pulse interacting with the plasma is a defining parameter in the optimisation of proton acceleration, over the full range of parameters explored.
Update on the Systematics in the ALMA Proposal Review Process After Cycle 8
Authors: Carpenter John M. , Corvillón Andrea , Meyer Jennifer Donovan , Plunkett Adele L. , Kurowski Robert , Chalevin Alex , Macías Enrique
Published: April 2022

We present an updated analysis of systematics in the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) proposal ranks to include the last two ALMA cycles, when significant changes were introduced in the proposal review process. In Cycle 7, the investigator list on the proposal cover sheet was randomized such that the reviewers were aware of the overall proposal team but did not know the identity of the principal investigator (PI). In Cycle 8, ALMA adopted distributed peer review for most proposals and implemented dual-anonymous review for all proposals, in which the identity of the proposal team was not revealed to the reviewers. The most significant change in the systematics in Cycles 7 and 8 compared to previous cycles is related to the experience of PIs in submitting ALMA proposals. PIs that submit a proposal every cycle tend to have ranks that are consistent with average in Cycles 7 and 8, whereas previously they had the best overall ranks. Also, PIs who submitted a proposal for the second time show improved ranks over previous cycles. These results suggest some biases related to the relative prominence of the PI have been present in the ALMA review process. Systematics related to regional affiliation remain largely unchanged in that PIs from Chile, East Asia, and non-ALMA regions tend to have poorer overall ranks than PIs from Europe and North America. The systematics of how one region ranks proposals from another region are also investigated. No significant differences in the overall ranks based on gender of the PI are observed.
Majorana’s stellar representation for the quantum geometric tensor of symmetric states
Authors: Zhang Xingyu , Pei Jiancheng , Fu Libin , Wang Xiaoguang
Published: April 2022

Majorana’s stellar representation provides an intuitive picture in which quantum states in high-dimensional Hilbert space can be observed using the trajectory of Majorana stars. We consider the Majorana’s stellar representation of the quantum geometric tensor for a spin state up to spin-3/2. The real and imaginary parts of the quantum geometric tensor, corresponding to the quantum metric tensor and Berry curvature, are therefore obtained in terms of the Majorana stars. Moreover, we work out the expressions of quantum geometric tensor for arbitrary spin in some important cases. Our results will benefit the comprehension of the quantum geometric tensor and provide interesting relations between the quantum geometric tensor and Majorana’s stars.
Shadow images and observed luminosity of the Bardeen black hole surrounded by different accretions *
Authors: He Ke-Jian , Guo Sen , Tan Shuang-Cheng , Li Guo-Ping
Published: April 2022

In this paper, by exploring photon motion in the region near a Bardeen black hole, we studied the shadow and observed properties of the black hole surrounded by various accretion models. We analyzed the changes in shadow imaging and observed luminosity when the relevant physical parameters are changed. For the different spherical accretion backgrounds, we find that the radius of shadow and the position of the photon sphere do not change, but the observed intensity of shadow in the infalling accretion model is significantly lower than that in the static case. We also studied the contribution of the photon rings, lensing rings and direct emission to the total observed flux when the black hole is surrounded by an optically thin disk accretion. Under the different forms of the emission modes, the results show that the observed brightness is mainly determined by direct emission, while the lensing rings will provide a small part of the observed flux, and the flux provided by the photon ring is negligible. By comparing our results with the Schwarzschild spacetime, we find that the existence or change of relevant status parameters will greatly affect the shape and observed intensity of the black hole shadow. These results support the theory that the change of state parameter will affect the spacetime structure, thus affecting the observed features of black hole shadows.
RooHammerModel: interfacing the HAMMER software tool with HistFactory and RooFit
Authors: García Pardiñas J. , Meloni S. , Grillo L. , Owen P. , Calvi M. , Serra N.
Published: April 2022

Recent B-physics results have sparkled great interest in
the search for beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) physics in 
b ⟶ cℓν̅ transitions. The need to analyse in a
consistent manner big datasets for these searches, using
high-statistics Monte-Carlo (MC) samples, led to the development of
HAMMER, a software tool which enables to perform a fast morphing of
MC-derived templates to include BSM effects and/or alternative
parameterisations of long-distance effects, avoiding the need to
re-generate simulated samples. This paper describes the development
of RooHammerModel, an interface between this tool and the
commonly-used data-fitting frameworks HistFactory and RooFit. In
this document, the structure and functionality of the user interface
are explained. Information of a public repository where it can be
accessed is provided, as well as validation and performance studies
of the interface. The methods developed in the construction of
RooHammerModel can provide useful information for alternative future
attempts to interface HAMMER with other data-fitting frameworks.
Regionalization of climate teleconnections across Central Asian mountains improves the predictability of seasonal precipitation
Authors: Umirbekov Atabek , Peña-Guerrero Mayra Daniela , Müller Daniel
Published: April 2022

Mountains play a critical role in water cycles in semiarid regions by providing for the majority of the total runoff. However, hydroclimatic conditions in mountainous regions vary considerably in space and time, with high interannual fluctuations driven by large-scale climate oscillations. Here, we investigated teleconnections between global climate oscillations and the peak precipitation season from February to June in the Tian-Shan and Pamir Mountains of Central Asia. Using hierarchical climate regionalization, we identified seven subregions with distinct precipitation patterns, and assessed correlations with selected climate oscillations at different time lags. We then simulated the seasonal precipitation in each subregion from 1979 to 2020 using the most prevalent teleconnections as predictors with support vector regression (SVR). Our findings indicate that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the Eastern Atlantic/West Russia pattern are among the major determinants of the seasonal precipitation. The dominant lead-lag times of these oscillations make them reliable predictors ahead of the season. We detected notable teleconnections with the North Atlantic Oscillation and Scandinavian Pattern, with their strongest associations emerging after onset of the season. While the SVR-based models exhibit robust prediction skills, they tend to underestimate precipitation in extremely wet seasons. Overall, our study highlights the value of appropriate spatial and temporal aggregations for exploring the impacts of climate teleconnections on precipitation in complex terrains.
The Impact of climate change on electricity demand in the city of Huancayo
Authors: Condori J , Lora G A , Camargo S D
Published: April 2022

This paper analyses how climate change affects electricity demand in the city of Huancayo, Peru, in order to find the relationship between electricity demand and temperature in degree Celsius in the last 20 years, using Spearman correlation, based on heating degree days (HDD), cooling degree days (CDD) and electricity demand data in Mw, the conversion of average temperatures to degree days showed that only heating degree days (HDD) were found, our statistical results show that there is a moderate inverse relationship, which means that in the last 20 years the increase in electricity demand was partially due to lower temperatures, since these cause higher heating needs and thus increased electricity demand. It is suggested that the research can be carried out in different parts of Peru, since the results may vary due to the diversity of climates and it is also of utmost importance to work carefully with the temperature data, to have accurate results. This gives us a notion that energy reserves should be prepared, and the use of renewable energies must be implemented with greater emphasis.
Power from a single wave-energy absorber
Authors: Patiyoot D
Published: April 2022

Wave energy technologies have been around for decades. But for a variety of reasons, including rising oil prices, technological advancements and the sheer grit of a handful of pioneer developers, it has made a huge splash since 2005. This paper presented the result of power absorbed by a single wave-energy absorber. The result showed that maximum mean power was quadratic with exciting force, and more damping coefficient was, the less maximum mean power it became. It was shown that maximum mean power was quadratic with velocity of the body, and the more damping coefficient was, the more maximum mean power it became. It was presented that maximum absorbed power for cylinder oscillating about an axis of symmetry was equal to maximum absorbed power for isolated symmetric bodies and half of the amount of two maximum absorbed power of “cylinder which completely spans the wave-tank and cylinder with cross section”. It was illustrated that graph yielded parabola curve when plotted between maximum absorbed power and cylinder which completely spans the wave-tank, cylinder with cross section and cylinder oscillating about an axis of symmetry, Isolated symmetric bodies. It was depicted that maximum absorbed power is increased when depths of the wave-trains increased both cylinder which completely spans the wave-tank, cylinder with cross section and cylinder oscillating about an axis of symmetry, isolated symmetric bodies. It was finally showed that maximum absorbed power decreased when frequency of the wave-trains increased.
Tilt correction to maximize energy yield from bifacial PV modules
Authors: Barbosa J D , Ansari A S , Manandhar P , Qureshi O A , Rodriguez Ubinas E I , Alberts V , Sgouridis S
Published: April 2022

The ability of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules to generate additional energy from the rear side makes the selection of a tilt angle more challenging than its counterpart monofacial PV. Multiple factors such as site conditions (albedo, average sun-hour ambient temperature, elevation from sea level, diffuse fraction, global horizontal irradiance, and latitude) and PV module specifications (such as bifaciality, power temperature coefficient, and efficiency) can influence the optimum tilt that ensures maximum annual yield of the bifacial PV modules. System Advisor Model (SAM) is used to generate a training dataset of optimal tilt that covers a global range of site conditions and module specifications. Furthermore, we used a Ranker-based feature selection approach to evaluate features and generate a rank-list based on their R-squared score to the dependent variable. From all the available features, the absolute latitude value, sun hour ambient temperature, global horizontal irradiance, and albedo are the most significant features. The best results offer a mathematical model to predict the optimum tilt with the lowest RMSE of 2.135° and an R2 of 0.96 given 8 site and module features.
Transmission Tower Earthing Design for Lightning Condition in Malaysia’s Power Grid
Authors: Mohamad Azwadi , Yahaya Mohd Pauzi
Published: April 2022

The transmission tower earthing design is installed under the ground to protect nearby personnel and equipment, as well as to improve the line lightning performance. The previous tower earthing design in Malaysia’s grid system was tailored for normal power frequency fault, which are low-frequency in nature. This tower earthing design was not suitable during lightning fault, which is of higher frequency. The previous earthing design practice involves installing radial counterpoises up to 120 meters horizontally from each tower legs to get the tower footing resistance (TFR) reading of 10 Ω or less. This practice is proven to be ineffective in lowering the resistance at higher frequency i.e. lightning strike. This paper discusses a new compact earthing design that has low impedance value at low and high-frequency. The performance of this new earthing design were simulated at various soil resistivity values over a frequency range, and were compared to the performance of previous tower earthing design. The new earthing design were also installed on a number 500kV, 275kV and 132kV towers and their TFR were measured using both low and high-frequency TFR meters. The proposed concentrated earthing design was shown to have low impedance value at both low and high-frequency domain.
Key Points and Best Practices for Successful Municipal Solid Waste Incineration
Authors: Chaowiang Suntaree , Singh Vishakha , Chiraprawattrakun Pornthep , Tangprasert Sumet
Published: April 2022

With the ever-growing volume of waste around the world, the tackling methods have also expanded. Among these, currently the most prevailing technology is the municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. If used right, the advantages of the said technology are incredible. In this paper, we will discuss some key points and best practices for a successful MSW incineration and will look into the noteworthy case of Japan in this area.
Spatial Modeling with Repopulation Potential for Three Flora Species of Huaytapallana Regional Conservation Area, Peru
Authors: R. S. N. Bravo Verde , J. P. Castro Pulido , J. V. Cornejo Tueros
Published: April 2022

In the high mountain ecosystems of the Huaytapallana Regional Conservation Area (ACR-H) there are three species of flora (Krapfia macropetala, Gentianella scarlatinostriata and Senecio canescens) of social, economic, cultural and medicinal importance, however their population status and undefined local distribution make these species area more vulnerable to extinction. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the population distribution for repopulation purpose in the ACR-H from the potential distribution in Peru using Maxent algorithm and a local model developed with the Saaty pairwise hierarchy matrix, adding a soil sample for a better application of the final model. The results show that the Species Distribution Models (SDMs) have a high confidence because the Area Under the Curve (AUC) surpass 0.90. Otherwise, the local model is consistent by showing a Consistency Ratio (CR) of less than 0.10. As a final result, all species obtained optimal spaces for repopulation near the Huaytapallana Cordillera, where Krapfia macropetala obtained the largest extension (715.334 ha) and Gentianella scarlatinostriata is the smallest (650.096 ha). Further there were no differences in the parameters evaluated in the three soil samples, which facilitates the application of the models for the repopulation of these three species.
The use of interim products of sugar beet processing to produce a marketable product
Authors: Kulneva N G , Sviridova T V , Agafonov G V , Matvienko N A , Motina E A
Published: April 2022

Sugar beets processing is aimed at obtaining one marketable product - white sugar. Other useful constituents of beet are converted into production waste. Valuable components of the feedstock are removed along with production residuals - mineral and nitrogenous compounds, organic acids and many others. Yellow sugar is the interim product of the white sugar production. Usually, it is not produced as a commercial product. The main goal of this research is to study features of yellow sugar and the possibility to use it as a base for sugar-containing products with functional properties. The feasibility to increase the yellow sugar quality by using affination – removing impurities from a surface, has been explored. The process of affination allows to achieve the final product’s purity 98.0-98.7% and chromaticity less than 140 ICUMSA units. The affination process causes decrease in the number of microbes and volume of mucous-producing microflora in yellow sugar, while thermophilic microorganisms, yeasts, and molds completely disappear. The process of affination causes a decrease in the amount of mineral substances. Despite the volume of minerals in affined yellow sugar still being much higher than in refined (white) sugar, acceptable levels of toxic substances are not exceeded. Yellow sugar after the process of affination contains less sucrose than refined sugar and keeps partially mineral and organic composition of sugar beet. Within the research, we produced the marketable product with enriched composition from affined sugar and sugar syrup that has concentration 70%. The rosehip powder has been used to enrich the product composition, the volume of the rosehip powder was between 1% and 5%.
Influence of abiotic factors of the Middle Cis-Urals on fodder and seed productivity of bird’s-foot trefoil
Authors: Kasatkina N I , Nelyubina Zh S
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the influence of the abiotic factors of the Middle Cis-Urals and the age of the grass stand on the fodder and seed productivity of the bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) Solnyshko. It was revealed that in 2-4 years of use, the yield of dry matter reaches 5.3-6.4 t/ha. At the same time, bird’s-foot is able to provide a high collection of dry matter, both in arid conditions and with excessive moisture in the growing season. Seed productivity of bird’s foot was higher in the 1st and 2nd years of use – 304 and 163 kg/ha, respectively. Arid conditions of the growing season, especially in the phase of flowering -ripening of seeds, contribute to obtaining a high yield of seeds. Of the seven years of research, conditions close to those indicated were created in 43%.
Snow cover dust pollution in Murmansk and its suburbs
Authors: Vorobievskaya E , Kirillov S , Sedova N , Slipenchuk M
Published: April 2022

The main goal of the research is to identify the degree of dust pollution in the city of Murmansk in the winter period in connection with the activities of industrial enterprises and transport systems. The study was conducted in the winter of 2018 and 2019 during the expedition of the Department of Environmental Management of the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University. Snow sampling was carried out at different distances from pollution sources in various functional areas of the city, taking into account the number of storeys of the building, the features of the relief, wind direction and the distribution of green spaces. Based on a comparative analysis of the organic matter content in snow water and the composition of solid particles, it is concluded that there is a significant presence of coal dust and hydrocarbons in the composition of solid particles in snow. The main pollutant of snow cover is the Murmansk Commercial Port, which is a source of coal dust resulting from unloading and loading operations. The distribution of dust pollution in the city of Murmansk is significantly affected by the prevailing air masses and the relief.
The use of organic fertilizers based on waste mushroom compost in agricultural crop production technologies
Authors: Vinogradov D V , Zubkova T V
Published: April 2022

The article presents analyses of experimental data on growing agricultural crops with the use of organic fertilizers based on compost obtained by introducing waste mushroom compost into the soil. The presented data of studies carried out in conditions of Ryazan region on a dark gray forest soil allow to conclude that both fresh compost and one-year-old compost had an increase in all biometric indicators of crops. At the same time, fresh compost gave a greater increase. According to the results of the field experiment, the maximum yield for all crops was observed in variants with semi-rotted compost: the yield of spring wheat was 2.82 t/ha (+ 0.23 t/ha to the control); that of spring barley was 3.21 t/ha (+0.17); that of spring rape was 1.77 t/ha (+0.24); that of Vympel potatoes was 27.91 t/ha (+ 4.41); that of Kolobok potatoes was 11.21 t/ha (+1.63); that of edible pea was 2.10 t/ha (+0.21). The test results of composts made it possible to recommend them as an organic fertilizer to optimize nutritional conditions.
Supercritical fluid extraction of oil from medlar (Mespilus germanica l.) seeds
Authors: Farzaliyev E B , Golubev V N , Hafizov G K
Published: April 2022

The production of SC CO2 extracts from different types of biologically active raw materials growing in different soil and climatic conditions has been studied and continues to be studied. The object of this study was the bones of a wild medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) growing in Azerbaijan. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal technological parameters of extraction. The experimental part of the work included obtaining oil from medlar seeds by supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide at the extraction plant of the company “SITEC” Switzerland at different technological parameters and determining the content of fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography with mass-selective detection (GC-MS). Data were obtained characterizing the oil yield in a wide range of temperatures (40 …80°C) and pressures (100 …280 bar), as well as its physico-chemical parameters and fatty acid profile. It has been established that the optimal parameters for the extraction process are a pressure of 150-250 bar (preferably 200 bar), a temperature of 40°C, a time of 1 - 1.5 h. The data obtained allow us to get a more complete picture of the biotechnological potential of the local medlar as a raw material for processing by modern extraction methods.
Prediction of carbon distribution in the leaves of birch stands using normative tables
Authors: Vais A A , Gerasimova O A , Melnik A I , Chanchikova S A
Published: April 2022

The intensity of anthropogenic impact on forests, according to many researchers, will increase in the next twenty years. In this regard, the area of deciduous plantings in the taiga zone will increase. Knowledge of carbon stocks in green biomass will allow the necessary calculations of the carbon budget of forest ecosystems to be made. Birch in the taiga zone is one of the most significant wood carbon sinks, especially in the initial period of growth. The article used a normative approach to assessing the carbon stock in the leaf fraction of birch plantations. As a result, a number of conclusions were drawn. The use of two series of distributions compiled for birch forests of the forest-steppe and taiga zones showed their insignificant difference in relation to the determination of leaf biomass. The disadvantage of using distribution series when estimating the carbon budget is the inherent linear nature of the dynamics, which does not correspond to the real conditions of the age development of the assimilation apparatus. When determining carbon stocks for the leaf fraction, a high percentage of uncertainty is observed, this is noted by many researchers. To improve the accuracy of estimates of the biological productivity of birch plantations, it is necessary to use local standards and local research data to the maximum.
Biogeochemical features of soil formation without parent rock in natural conditions and in an urban environment
Authors: Lisetskii F
Published: April 2022

The aim of the present study is to establish the biogeochemical characteristics of the primary soil formation, separately for natural conditions (protected areas) and urban environment (with incoming technogenic aerosols) for pedogenesis models when there is no parent rock (“upward soil growth”). This makes it possible to assess the contribution of the still poorly studied pedogenesis factors that can form the specific geochemical features of the material composition of soils non-inherited from the parent rock, and without the involvement of biogenic bottom-up migration of elements. We have studied two contrasting regions to perform a comparative analysis of pedogenesis conditions. We have compared embryonic soils on megalithic gabbro-diabase blocks in a 17th century defence wall located on the territory of a natural reserve, 1 km away from the Black Sea coast (ecologically clean area) and a 45-year solid bitumen cover between a thermal power plant and a busy railway (an industrial zone in the central part of the city). In the natural reserve, the average dust deposition rate was 0.82 um yr1 (0.082 mm/100 yr) due to stardust, atmospheric aerosols and biogenic processes of pedogenesis. The mineral part of soils, which had formed on the solid bitumen in 45 years in the city’s industrial zone, differs from the soil developed in 320-350 years without the involvement of the parent rock in the protected area by higher content of V (9 times) and Cr (2 times), as well as CaO, SiO2 and Pb. In the industrial zone of the city, emission dust mostly contributes to the accumulation of V, Cr and Cu in comparison with the pedogenesis conditions in the ecologically clean area, where the rate of solid-phase soil matter accumulation is twice lower due to background aerosols and biogenic factors.
Biological protection of winter wheat against fungal diseases
Authors: Rezvyakova S V , Eremin L P , Tarakin A V , Yu Danilov S , Yu Tarakina V
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the research is the regulation of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat crops based on the use of biostimulants, biofungicides and chemical fungicides. The article considers the phytosanitary situation of crops, investigates fungal diseases, the degree of their spread, substantiates the use of biological fungicides and biostimulants, analyzes the biological effectiveness of their use, reveals the effect of protective measures on the productivity and quality of grain. The winter wheat variety Moskovskaya 40 was sown on dark gray forest soil. Seeds of the 1st reproduction. The predecessor is buckwheat. The analysis of the results showed that the treatment of winter wheat seeds with the fungicide Scarlet, ME (imazalil + tebuconazole) helped to protect the culture from fungal diseases until the end of June. Double treatment of crops with biofungicide Vitaplan (titer 10 + 10 CFU/g) Bacillus subtilis. Strain VKM-B-2604D + Bacillus subtilis. strain VKM-B-2605D) and the chemical fungicide Amistar Extra, SK (azoxystrobin + cyprocanazole) had a significant effect on reducing the prevalence and development of fungal diseases. The biological effectiveness of the chemical fungicide in comparison with the biological one was higher in the phase of milky-wax ripeness of grain by 23.8%. The increase in yield compared to the control when using biopreparations Nigor (buckwheat bioflavonoids) and Nigor ++ (buckwheat bioflavonoids and exometabolites Trichoderma atrobrunneum VKPM F-1434 in a ratio of components 1: 1) was 7.1%, Vitaplan - 9.5%, Amistar Extra 14.3%.
The effect of the humic preparation BioHumus Grand Flora Victoria on the lettuce productivity
Authors: Blagorodova E N , Varfolomeyeva N I , Zvyagina A S , Nepshekueva T S
Published: April 2022

The article presents the research results on the effect of the humic preparation BioHumus Grand Flora Victoria on the formation of lettuce crop in a winter glazed heated greenhouse. The sowing qualities of seeds (germination, germination energy) were analyzed when treated with the preparation in solution of different concentrations, while laboratory germination increased by 10-20%. Productivity indicators (the aboveground mass and root system, the number of leaves and their area) were studied when using leaf and root feeding of plants. It was found that the largest plant mass (82.5 g), leaf mass (53.1 g) and their area (806.5 cm2) were obtained by growing lettuce using leaf and root feeding with the 10% preparation solution. The use of leaf dressing alone 1.4-2.2 times increased the lettuce leaves area compared to the control. The biochemical composition of lettuce leaves during the harvesting period showed differences in the dry matter, total sugar, ascorbic acid content. The largest amount of dry matter (10.3%) and vitamin C was the variant with leaf feeding of plants with the 5% preparation solution. The 20% preparation solution, the highest in the experiment, restrained the rate of dry matter, fructose and ascorbic acid accumulation in the production.
Dynamics of concentrations of heavy metals in industrial soils
Authors: Gubasheva B E , Bulekova A A , Tumenov A N , Akkereyeva E K , Kalmagambetova L M
Published: April 2022

The paper presents the results of a study of pollution by heavy metals of 1 and 2 hazard classes of the soil cover of the territory adjacent to the industrial zone of the Aktobe ferroalloy plant. The article evaluates changes in the concentration of heavy metals of various hazard classes in terms of the ecotoxicological indicator in comparison of two periods. In the selected soil samples, the pH value was determined, the gross concentrations of cadmium, copper, zinc, nickel, chromium were determined. An excess of concentrations in the soil has been established: an excess of zinc is on average 1.19 times higher than the MAC, nickel is 5.4 times higher than the MAC, cadmium is 4.2 times higher than the MAC, and chromium is 62.13 times higher than the MAC.
Determination of the stability of the water-fuel emulsions obtained by the method of water injection into diesel fuel for agricultural enterprises
Authors: Maltseva E I , Karnyushev N A
Published: April 2022

When studying the possibility of using water-fuel emulsions (WFE) as fuels for diesel engines, researchers face the difficult task of obtaining an emulsion of a given quality. The most important requirement when using WFE as a fuel is their stability, which determines the safety of the emulsion, combustion efficiency and depends on many factors, such as: the difference in the densities of water and diesel fuel: the size of water droplets formed in the fuel; viscosity of water and fuel; surface tension of water and diesel fuel; the presence of surfactants that contribute to the stabilization of WFE. The purpose of this work is to study the stability of WFE obtained by the method of water injection into diesel fuel for efficient use in agriculture.
Organomineral compost and its effects for the content of heavy metals in the top layer leached chernozem
Authors: Antonenko D A , Nikiforenko Y Y , Melnik O A , Yurin D A , Danilova A A
Published: April 2022

To date, the most reliable and environmentally friendly way to increase soil fertility and reduce the concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals is the use of organic fertilizers. The article discusses the results of field trials of compost composed of semi-rotted cattle manure, phosphogypsum and alfalfa hay. It was revealed that organic fertilization increases the concentration of organic matter in the upper layer of chernozem leached in the agrocenosis of maize. This enhances the sorption of the organic mineral complex of the soil and decreases the mass fraction of some heavy metals (HM). It is noted that the use of compost in doses of 40 and 60 t/ha helps to reduce the mass concentration of zinc, copper and manganese. The excess of the permissible concentration of highly toxic and dangerous for humans HM was not detected in any field variant.
Mineral composition and seasonal dynamics of the content of heavy metals in bed loads of ravines and small rivers in the city of Kamyshin (Volgograd oblast, Russia)
Authors: Sheshnev A S , Reshetnikov M V
Published: April 2022

The article presents the study of the mineral composition and content of heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn) in bed loads (0–1 cm layer) of ravines and small rivers in the city of Kamyshin (Volgograd oblast, Russia). We established that quartz is the most widespread rock-forming mineral found all-over the place. In areas, where proportion of quartz decreases, the content of hydromica and feldspars increases. We discovered that the content of heavy metals in the bed loads increases in 61.1% of cases in spring compared to summer due to the inflow of pollutants from the urban watersheds with snowmelt runoff. Bed loads with a high content of heavy metals should be considered as an object of accumulated environmental damage. Reclamation of the beds of small rivers and ravines is required in order to create a comfortable urban environment and reduce the negative impact on the Volgograd Reservoir.
Air pollution prevention in Stara Zagora Municipality
Authors: Platikanova M S , Andonova A N , Todorova D G , Hristova P D
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, air pollution is one of the current and global environmental problems both around the world and in one of the best-developed municipalities in Bulgaria - Stara Zagora. The deterioration of air quality is also favored by the migration and long-distance transport of the most important atmospheric pollutants for the municipality - sulfur dioxide, dust, nitrogen dioxide, lead aerosols, and hydrogen sulfide. This article aims to propose some hygienic and environmental measures for the rehabilitation of the air basin in the municipality based on a study of air pollution and its impact on the health of the population. The complex of activities is aimed at installation of efficient treatment facilities in various industrial enterprises; reconstruction of the heating installations and introduction of the use of electric current for heating during the winter months; accelerating the gasification process; public works, including landscaping of more areas in the city; optimal reorganization of automobile traffic and moving the car traffic out of the city.
Assessing the impact of agrometeorological conditions on the yield of grain and leguminous crops in European Russia
Authors: Abannikov V N , Seroukhova O S , Mkhanna A I N , Podgaiskii E V
Published: April 2022

The Russian Federation in recent years has become a world leader in the production of grain crops. A significant contribution to increasing the volume of harvesting is made by the regions located in the European part, in which the leaders in the production of grain and leguminous crops are the Voronezh, Lipetsk and Kursk regions. The growth in the production of grain and leguminous crops in these areas was facilitated by state support for agriculture, black soil, favorable climatic conditions, etc. But weather conditions do not always contribute to the annual collection of record harvests. To assess the degree of influence of weather conditions on the yield of grain and leguminous crops, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between agro meteorological characteristics and annual yield indicators for the period from 2013 to 2018. The results obtained in the future will make it possible to refine the methods for forecasting agro meteorological resources for the growing season and, accordingly, forecasting the future harvest.
Possibility of reducing the technogenic load on the environment by reducing oil waste in diesel
Authors: Melbert A A , Tr Hung N , Lopareva S G , Kalimullin M N , Galiyev R M , Drabkina E V
Published: April 2022

The study is aimed at solving an important environmental problem of reducing the technogenic load on the environment created by automotive diesel engines. The issue of reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases by reducing the waste of oil in the combustion chamber of the cylinder-piston group for various modifications of 15/18 diesel engines is considered according to the results of bench tests. It was found that a decrease in oil burnout in a diesel engine is accompanied by a decrease in CO, CH, PM emissions with exhaust gases. At the same time, a slight increase in emissions of nitrogen oxides NOx was observed. It was found that with a change in oil burnout from 0.32 to 0.6% of fuel consumption, the estimated indicator for nitrogen oxides decreased by 10%, for carbon monoxide - increased by 52%, for hydrocarbons - increased by 50%, for solid particles - increased by 94%. The results of the study showed that the technogenic load matters. The indicator of technogenic load was HTL = 43.63 tl/g with oil burnout of 0.32% and HTL = 39.87 tl/g with oil burnout of 0.6% due to reduction of NOx emissions.
Forecasting the yield of sugar beet
Authors: Derkach N E , Gololobova M A
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the main factors affecting the yield of sugar beet; the approaches of leading experts in the field of forecasting the yield of sugar beet have been studied; Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the yield of sugar beet in the Kursk region for 1975-2019, a multifactor model for forecasting the yield is proposed, which has a high accuracy of forecast data.
Biomeliorant for the restoration of saline and degraded soils in the arid zone
Authors: Karpenko N P , Egemberdiev D K , Glazunova I V
Published: April 2022

The methods of gypsum application in degraded soils to increase and restore saline and degraded soils, to grow vegetables and fruits in the arid zone are considered in the paper. The issues of soil alkalinity reduction to increase soil fertility with the use of a new biomeliorant at standard of ST RK 2208-2012 containing phosphogypsum, calcium, sulfur and cattle manure with the addition of crushed camel thorn were studied. According to calculations this meliorant application reduces the loss of nitrogen and organic matter by 40%,, which being a highly effective fertilizer that improves the physico-chemical and biological properties of the soil, which contributes to an increase in crop yields. Field studies have shown that the joint anaerobic fermentation of phosphogypsum and manure, camel thorn led to intensive aggregation and the creation of favorable conditions of the soil structure for the crops. The results showed that the biomeliorant application into the soil led to a noticeable improvement in its structure, increases alkalinity, soils become more fertile and crop yields increase.
Structure of ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) community in the spring wheat crops of the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region
Authors: Yu Maksimovich K , Fedorov D S , Loparev D V , Mukhametshina A R , Novikov E A
Published: April 2022

The species composition of the ground beetle community (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the spring wheat crop area in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia was researched for the period of 2019-2020. The ground beetle population was represented by 36 species from 14 genera. The genera Poecilus, Dolichus, and Harpalus were the most abundant, while the genera Pterostichus, Poecilus, Harpalus, and Amara had the highest species diversity. It was revealed that the dominant species in sites with conventional technology of spring wheat cultivation, are: Harpalus rufipes, Poecilus cupreus, Dolichus halensis, Harpalus calceatus, and in 2020 Agonum gracilipes appeared along with them. In 2020, the species abundance increased by 25%, and the dynamic density of most species in the second year of the study was also higher than in the first year. This may be caused by the influence of agrometeorological conditions of the studied area. The vegetation period of 2020 differed by conditions of heat and moisture supply in comparison with 2019, as indicators of 2020 are much higher than the previous year and average long-term values for the area. The dominant and subdominant complex of carabidofauna was found to be relatively stable for two years.
Weed control in the cultivation of corn (Zea mays L.) on irrigation
Authors: Fetyukhin I V , Popov A S , Tolpinskii V V
Published: April 2022

The article reflects the results of studies conducted in the period from 2018 to 2020 in the dry steppe zone of the Russian Federation to assess the effectiveness of the integrated protection of corn for irrigation from weeds using mechanical, chemical measures and provocative irrigation. The effectiveness of chemical treatment with the use of Elyumis herbicide and mechanical treatment of row spacings with and without provocative irrigation against the background of moldboard and non-moldboard basic tillage was studied. The dynamics of weed infestation of corn crops has been established for the periods of vegetation of the crop and the timing of the application of the studied methods of weed control. The data on accounting for the increase in leaf area, as well as determining the photosynthetic potential of crops, the rate of accumulation of dry matter and the net productivity of photosynthesis using the studied methods of agricultural technology are presented. The indicators of corn productivity were determined, and the data obtained from the economic and energy evaluation of the effectiveness of the studied methods of weed control were analyzed.
Monitoring the budget of green phytomass of birch forest stands, taking into account the structure by diameter
Authors: Vais A A , Andronova A A , Popova V V , Mamedova S K , Zaykova P A
Published: April 2022

The drooping birch (Betula pendula) occupies a significant part of the territory of the forest fund, and in the forest-steppe zone it often performs the function of a dominant. Silver birch is one of the most intensively synthesizing aboveground phytomass tree species of the boreal zone. The purpose of the research is to identify patterns in the distribution of the phytomass of leaf blades of birch forest stands, taking into account regional standards, and to compare the results with the general tables of biological productivity. As a result, it was found that the tables of biological productivity for all categories of plantations (complete, modal) overestimate information about the final leaf weight. The closest results were obtained for modal forest stands in Siberia. The role of the structure in determining the phytomass of leaves can be from 5 to 35%, taking into account the distribution of trees by diameter. When assessing the phytomass of birch stands, it is necessary to strive to use local tables of the weight of individual tree fractions and distribution series that correspond to the maximum extent to the structure of these stands.