bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomics Provide Insights into Early Responses to Sucrose Signaling in Lupinus albus, a model plant for adaptations to Phosphorus and Iron Deficiency
Authors: Shammi Tahmina , Lee Yi Shen , Trivedi Jayati , Sierras Dakota , Mansoor Aniqua , Maxwell Jason M. , Williamson Matthew , McMillan Mark , Chakravarty Indrani , Uhde-Stone Claudia
Published: May 2024

Phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) deficiency are major limiting factors for plant productivity worldwide. White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) has become a model plant for understanding plant adaptations to P and Fe deficiency, because of its ability to form cluster roots, bottle-brush-like root structures that play an important role in the uptake of P and Fe from soil. However, little is known about the signaling pathways involved in sensing and responding to P and Fe deficiency. Sucrose, sent in increased concentrations from the shoot to the root, has been identified as a long-distance signal of both P and Fe deficiency. To unravel responses to sucrose as signal, we performed Oxford Nanopore cDNA sequencing of white lupin roots treated with sucrose for 10 min, 15 min, and 20 min, compared to untreated controls. We identified a set of 17 genes, including two bHLH transcription factors, that were up-regulated at all three time points of sucrose treatment. GO (gene ontology) analysis revealed enrichment of auxin- and gibberellin-responses as early as 10 min after sucrose addition, and the emerging of ethanol-responses at 20 min of sucrose treatment, indicating a sequential involvement of these hormones in plant responses to sucrose.
Leptospirosis in the Intensive Care Unit in Mayotte, Indian Ocean, Cross-Sectional Study 2009–2017 and Comparison to the Other Tropical French Overseas Territories and Mainland France
Authors: Tantet Claire , Henry Sabine , Desmoulin Anissa , Le Turnier Paul , Kallel Hatem , De Montera Anne-Marie , Raffray Loïc , Picardeau Mathieu , Bourhy Pascale , Collet Louis , Blondé Renaud , Epelboin Loïc
Published: May 2024

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease, most common in tropical and rural settings. It's a public health problem in most of the French tropical overseas territories. The primary objective of this study was to describe severe forms of leptospirosis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) on Mayotte, a French island in the Indian Ocean. The secondary objective was to compare the characteristics of these patients with those admitted to the ICU in other French tropical territories and in mainland France.
We conducted a retrospective study among adult patients admitted to the ICU of Mayotte hospital between 2009 and 2017. The diagnosis mainly relied on a positive PCR in blood or urine samples. The results were compared to the similar and available studies carried out in mainland France and in the other French tropical overseas territories.
On the study period, 55 patients were admitted in the ICU for leptospirosis (18% of the leptospirosis admitted in the hospital). Among them, 45 (82%) were male and the median age was 44 years (25-75 IQR: 33-55). The median time between first symptoms and ICU admission was 3.5 days (2-5). The median duration for antibiotic treatment, hospital stay, and ICU stay were 7 days (7-8), 9 days (6-13) and 5 days (3-9) respectively. The main acute organ impairments were acute renal failure (87%), followed by circulatory failure (58%), acute liver failure (45%) and neurological failure (22%). The most frequently used supportive cares were: vaso-active drugs (56%) and renal replacement (56%), and mechanical ventilation (27%). The case-fatality rate was low (5%). Genotype identification could be performed on 19 patients’ isolates. The strain L. borgpetersenii serogroup Mini cgMLST CG78 was predominant (n=14), followed by L. interrogans serogroup Pyrogenes cgMLST CG 81 (n=4). No L. interrogans serogroup Icterohemorrhagiae was identified.
We publish here the first series of severe patients admitted in the ICU in Mayotte, a French island with a high incidence rate of leptospirosis but with original strain specificities. Despite very severe clinical pictures, mortality remains rather low.
Next-Generation Antennas Key Enabler: Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) Technology Potential to Address Limitations of Traditional Antennas
Authors: Felizardo Kylin B. , Arboleda Edwin R.
Published: May 2024

This review explores the potential of Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) to address limitations of traditional antennas and empower next-generation wireless networks. IRS technology offers a paradigm shift by passively manipulating radio waves, enhancing signal coverage, network capacity, and energy efficiency. IRS technology utilizes flat surfaces equipped with tiny, adjustable reflectors. Unlike traditional antennas that actively send and receive radio waves, IRS passively manipulates incoming signals by reflecting them in specific directions with controlled adjustments. This approach significantly improves signal coverage and strength, particularly in areas with poor reception. The review reveals the IRS technology offers significant advantages over traditional antennas. It can enhance signal coverage by reflecting radio waves, boost network capacity which allows networks to handle a larger number of users simultaneously, promote lower energy consumption compare, and unlock potential of 6G Networks and beyond. Additionally, IRS enables functionalities such as enhanced localization and ultra-fast data transfer. Integrating IRS with next-generation antennas unlocks new possibilities. This includes reconfigurable antennas that dynamically adjust radiation patterns, compact and low-profile designs, and multi-functional antennas that support various services simultaneously. In conclusion, this paves the way for a new generation of robust and sustainable wireless communication systems.
Relative Health Risk Reduction from an Advanced Multi-modal Air Purification System: Evaluation in a Post-surgical Healthcare Setting
Authors: Pisaniello Dino , Nitschke Monika
Published: May 2024

Advanced air treatment systems have the potential to reduce airborne infection risk, improve indoor air quality (IAQ) and reduce energy consumption, but few studies reported practical implementation and performance. PlasmaShield®, an advanced multi-modal HVAC-integrated system was directly compared with a standard MERV-13 system in a post-surgical pediatric healthcare setting. The evaluation entailed monitoring of multi-size airborne particles, bioaerosols and key IAQ parameters. Measurements were made of outside air, recovery room supply air and air in the occupied space for 3 days prior to, and after, installation of the PlasmaShield system. Compared with the existing arrangement, very significant reductions in particle number concentrations were observed in the occupied space, especially with virus-like submicron particles. Significant reductions in airborne culturable bacteria and fungi were observed in the supply air, with more modest reductions in the occupied space. In the case of virus-like particles, there was an 8-fold improvement in equivalent clean air, suggesting a 5-fold infection risk reduction for long range exposure. The data suggest multiple benefits of airborne particle and biaerosol reduction, with applications beyond healthcare. Long term studies are recommended to confirm the combined IAQ, health and energy benefits.
Managing Agricultural Water Resources in the Southern Region: Perspectives of Crop Growers
Authors: Donovan Megan , Chanes Christina , Kadyampakeni Davie M. , Gholson Drew , Swisher Marilyn E. , Connor Tiffany
Published: May 2024

The sustainability of agricultural commodities produced in the Southern U.S. under irrigation is increasingly at risk due to erratic rainfall patterns, inadequate water supplies and compromised water quality. This study assessed the needs of crop growers in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Southern Region. The purpose was to identify growers’ critical water resource management concerns to identify research priorities from the perspective of growers in this region. To obtain this information, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to growers throughout the Southern Region in 2020. The final sample included 112 crop (row and specialty) production growers from the Southern Region. Overall, respondents named the water available to irrigate as the greatest water resource management priority. Within all the water availability priorities asked, respondents’ first choice was declining water supply in the future. Declining water supply and the cost of irrigating presently were the next most frequently named water availability priorities. Growers named both increasing the efficiency of irrigation and development of farming practices to improve soil moisture retention as the first and second focus of future irrigation research, respectively. These results will aid in strengthening existing and developing new initiatives for water research and Extension in this region.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Vibration Therapy and Passive Rest on the Recovery of Muscular Strength and Plasma Lactate Levels in the Upper Limbs After Intense Anaerobic Exercise in Elite Boxers and Kickboxers
Authors: Chwała Wiesław , Mirek Wacław , Ambroży Tadeusz , Wąsacz Wojciech , Rydzik Łukasz
Published: May 2024

Background/Objectives: High-intensity anaerobic physical training frequently results in muscle damage among boxers and kickboxers, which can impede performance and recovery. Vibrational therapy (VT) and passive rest (PR) have been employed as methods to enhance muscular recovery and performance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of these two recovery methods on upper limb muscle strength and lactate levels in plasma after high-intensity exertion. Methods: Eighteen elite boxers and kickboxers, aged 19-32 years, underwent tests employing VT and PR as recovery methods in a controlled, crossover study. Muscle performance was assessed via isokinetic dynamometry, and lactate levels were measured pre-exercise, post-exercise, and post-recovery. The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines and was approved by the relevant bioethics committee. Results: The results showed that VT led to a faster recruitment of muscle fibers and improved muscle endurance as indicated by decreased fatigue work indices compared to PR. However, no significant differences were observed in peak torque or lactate levels between the two recovery methods. The VT group exhibited quicker recovery times in torque generation and better performance in fatigue resistance. Conclusions: VT appears to provide superior muscular recovery compared to PR following intense anaerobic effort, particularly in terms of muscle strength endurance and activation speed. These findings support the potential of VT in sports recovery protocols, although similar lactate response suggests that metabolic recovery rates are not significantly affected.
Thermodynamics and Decay of de Sitter Vacuum
Authors: Volovik Grigory E.
Published: May 2024

We discuss the consequences of the unique symmetry of the de Sitter spacetime. This symmetry leads to the specific thermodynamic properties of the de Sitter vacuum, which produces the thermal bath for matter. The de Sitter spacetime is invariant under the modified translations, ${\bf r}\rightarrow {\bf r} -e^{Ht}{\bf a}$, where $H$ is the Hubble parameter. For $H\rightarrow 0$, this symmetry corresponds to the conventional invariance of Minkowski spacetime under translations ${\bf r}\rightarrow {\bf r} -{\bf a}$. Due to this symmetry, all the comoving observers at any point of the de Sitter space perceive the de Sitter environment as the thermal bath with temperature $T=H/\pi$, which is twice larger than the Gibbons-Hawking temperature of the cosmological horizon. This temperature does not violate the de Sitter symmetry, and thus does not require the preferred reference frame, as distinct from thermal state of matter, which violates the de Sitter symmetry. This leads to the heat exchange between gravity and matter, and to instability of de Sitter state towards the creation of matter, its further heating, and finally to the decay of the de Sitter state. The temperature $T=H/\pi$ determines different processes in the de Sitter environment, which are not possible in the Minkowski vacuum, such as the process of ionization of an atom in the de Sitter environment. This temperature also determines the local entropy of the de Sitter vacuum state, and this allows us to calculate the total entropy inside the cosmological horizon. The result reproduces the Gibbons-Hawking area law, which is related to the cosmological horizon, $S_{\rm hor}=4\pi KA$, where $K=1/16\pi G$. This supports the holographic properties of the cosmological event horizon. We extend the consideration of the local thermodynamics of the de Sitter state using the $f({\cal R})$ gravity. In this thermodynamics, the Ricci scalar curvature ${\cal R}$ and the effective gravitational coupling, $K$, are thermodynamically conjugate variables. The holographic connection between the bulk entropy of the Hubble volume, and the surface entropy of the cosmological horizon remains the same, but with the gravitational coupling $K=df/d{\cal R}$. Such connection takes place only in the $3+1$ spacetime, where there is the special symmetry due to which the variables $K$ and ${\cal R}$ have the same dimensionality. We also consider the lessons from the de Sitter symmetry for the thermodynamics of black and white holes.
The Efficacy and Safety Associated with Switching from Brimonidine and Ripasudil, or Brimonidine or Ripasudil to a Fixed Combination of Brimonidine and Ripasudil in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Onoe Hiromitsu , Hirooka Kazuyuki , Baba Tetsuya , Nagayama Mikio , Hirota Atsushi , Suzuki Katsuyoshi , Sagara Takeshi , Mochizuki Hideki , Kiuchi Yoshiaki
Published: May 2024

To investigate switching from brimonidine and ripasudil, and brimonidine or ripasudil to a fixed combination of brimonidine and ripasudil and evaluate the associated efficacy and safety in glaucoma patients. Glaucoma patients undergoing treatment with at least brimonidine and ripasudil (n = 25) or treatment with at least brimonidine or ripasudil (n = 45) were evaluated in this retrospective study. After switching patients taking brimonidine and ripasudil, or brimonidine or ripasudil to a ripasudil/brimonidine fixed-combination ophthalmic suspension (RBFC), intraocular pressure (IOP), superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) and conjunctival hyperemia were evaluated at baseline and at 4, 12 and 24 weeks. No significant differences in the IOPs were observed at any of the time points after switching from brimonidine and ripasudil to RBFC. However, at 4, 12 and 24 weeks, a significant decrease was observed in the mean baseline IOP from 17.0 ± 4.4 mmHg to 15.7 ± 3.2 mmHg (P < 0.01), 14.3 ± 3.4 mmHg (P < 0.01) and 14.4 ± 4.1 mmHg (P < 0.01), respectively, after switching from brimonidine or ripasudil to RBFC. No significant changes were noted for the SPK score or conjunctival hyperemia at any time points after switching to RBFC. Throughout the 24-week evaluation period, the IOP was maintained after switching from brimonidine and ripasudil to RBFC. However, there was a significant IOP decrease after switching from brimonidine or ripasudil to RBFC. These results demonstrate that RBFC is safe for use in the treatment of glaucoma patients.
Prospective Study to Evaluate Rectus Femoris Muscle Ultrasound for Body Composition Analysis in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Simó Servat Andreu , Ibarra Montse , Libran Mireia , Escobar Lilian , Perea Verónica , Quirós Carmen , Puig-Jové Carlos , Barahona María-José
Published: May 2024

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) has a significant impact on body composition (BC) and con-sequently may affect established sarcopenic obesity (SO) in candidate patients. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of muscle ultrasound (MUS) of rectus femoris thickness (RFT) for the evalua-tion of BC and skeletal muscle function in patients undergoing BS compared to bioimpedance analysis (BIA), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and dynamometry. On the other hand, we aim to demonstrate how MUS of RFT correlates better with the quality of life (Qol) in this population, likely because it enables the detection of regional quadriceps muscle sarcopenia, in comparison to the other mentioned methods. Methods: This is a prospective pilot study including 77 subjects (64.9% female, mean age: 53.2 ± 8.67 years) who underwent BS. Handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer, fat-free mass index (iFFM) was assessed by BIA, appendicular muscle index (AMI) was calculated using DEXA and RFT was measured by MUS. Moreover, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resintance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. All these measurements were conducted 1 month prior to BS and at the 12-month follow-up. QoL was as-sessed using the Moorehead-Ardelt questionnaire. Results: The mean BMI decreased by 12.95 ± 3.56 kg/m2 (p=0.001). Firstly, we observed positive correlation pre-surgery between HOMA and: RFT (r=0.27, p=0.02), iFFM (r=0.36, p=0.001), AMI (r=0.31, p=0.01) and dynamometer (r=0.26, p=0.02). In addition, we found correlation between RFT and iFFM (pre-surgical: r=0.31, p=0.01; post-surgical: r=0.25, p=0.05) and between RFT and lower extremities AMI post-surgical (r=0.27, p=0.04). Secondly, we observed significant reductions in iFFM, AMI and RFT (p=0.001), but not with dynamometer (p=0.94). Finally, a tendency to a positive correlation between QoL question-naire and RFT post-surgery (r=0.23, p=0.079) was observed. Conclusions: Our results suggest that RFT measured by MUS for the evaluation of SO and the follow-up after BS of these patients. Moreover, RFT can provide relevant information about regional sarcopenia and probably has an accurate correlation with QoL in comparison with the other methods.
Tenebrio molitor Larvae Feeding Strategy to Degrade Polypropylene Components from Disposable Masks
Authors: Nisa Khadijah Sayyidatun , Prasetya Reynaldi Ivan , Hidayatullah Ibnu Maulana , Topandi Abdussalam , Riyadi Fatimah Azizah , Ayu Firah Gustianda , Soetandar Frederick , Narawangsa Dimas Rafi
Published: May 2024

Abstract.The surge in mask consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic led to the widespread use of disposable polypropylene masks for protection. However, the accumulation of used masks poses environmental challenges due to the slow degradation of polypropylene. Here, we investigate the potential of Tenebrio molitor larvae in degrading polypropylene masks, exploiting their synthetic polymer-breaking enzymes and associated microflora. In this study, we implemented various feeding strategies and established specific feed compositions to assess T. molitor larvae's consumption behavior towards polypropylene masks. Over a 21-day observation period, we noted a consumption rate of 0.4% of masks, with a 7.5% mortality rate among the larvae. The average daily consumption rate was 0.201 grams, resulting in a 2.3% increase in larval weight and the production of 0.4635 grams of feces. Our findings highlight the potential of T. molitor larvae as effective mask degraders. Optimizing cultivation conditions and feeding strategies may further enhance microbial diversity, potentially introducing more polypropylene degraders within T. molitor, thereby expediting mask degradation. This study emphasizes the promising role of T. molitor larvae in addressing the environmental challenges posed by the accumulation of polypropylene masks.

Keywords: 

Mask, Degrade, Tenebrio molitor, Microflora, Polypropylene
Instalasi Mesin Generator Ozon dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Sayur Organik di Desa Gedangan - Boyolali
Authors: Widadie Fanny , Kurdhi Nughtoh Arfawi , Rahmasari Lita
Published: May 2024

Installation of an Ozone Generator Machine to Improve the Quality of Organic Vegetables in Gedangan Village - Boyolali. The Utomo Jayan Farmers Group is an organic vegetable farmer group in Gedangan Village, Cepogo District, Boyolali Regency which has a major problem: the quality of vegetables. The vegetables produced by the group are quickly damaged, and many are returned by partners (buyers) due to needing to meet quality. The main purpose of this service activity is to assist in adopting post-harvest technology as an ozone generator to improve the quality of vegetables. Ozone technology can increase the shelf life of vegetables, prevent vegetables from spoiling quickly, reduce pesticide residues and harmful chemicals in the vegetables. The method of community service was conducted by socialization and active participation by involving all members of the farmer group. The results of this service activity were able to increase the shelf life of fresher vegetables within 20 days (red chilies), 14 days (tomatoes), 7 days (scallions), celery (9 days), and broccoli (5 days).
Encryption for edge computing applications
Authors: Leathers Emily , Thurmer Clayton , Niles Kendall
Published: May 2024

As smart sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) exponentially expand, there is an increased need for effective processing solutions for sensor node data located in the operational arena where it can be leveraged for immediate decision support. Current developments reveal that edge computing, where processing and storage are performed close to data generation locations, can meet this need (Ahmed and Ahmed 2016). Edge computing imparts greater flexibility than that experienced in cloud computing architectures (Khan et al. 2019). Despite these benefits, the literature highlights open security issues in edge computing, particularly in the realm of encryption. A prominent limitation of edge devices is the hardware’s ability to support the computational complexity of traditional encryption methodologies (Alwarafy et al. 2020). Furthermore, encryption on the edge poses challenges in key management, the process by which cryptographic keys are transferred and stored among devices (Zeyu et al. 2020). Though edge computing provides reduced latency in data processing, encryption mechanism utilization reintroduces delay and can hinder achieving real-time results (Yu et al. 2018). The IoT is composed of a wide range of devices with a diverse set of computational capabilities, rendering a homogeneous solution for encryption impractical (Dar et al. 2019). Edge devices are often deployed in operational locations that are vulnerable to physical tampering and attacks. Sensitive data may be compromised if not sufficiently encrypted or if keys are not managed properly. Furthermore, the distributed nature and quantity of edge devices create a vast attack surface that can be compromised in other ways (Xiao et al. 2019). Understanding established mechanisms and exploring emerging methodologies for encryption reveals potential solutions for developing a robust solution for edge computing applications. The purpose of this document is to detail the current research for encryption methods in the edge computing space and highlight the major challenges associated with executing successful encryption on the edge.
The state of the soil cover and phytomelioration of pastures in the regions of the Eastern Ciscaucasia
Authors:   Federal scientific centre of agroecology, complex meliorations and protective afforestation of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rybashlykova Ludmila
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The arid zone of the Eastern Ciscaucasia, and specifically the extremely arid and arid areas of the Stavropol Territory, with low-fertile pasture soil cover, are subject to degradation associated with both soil and climatic conditions and anthropogenic technological load on the soil. Materials and methods. The manifestation and areas occupied by soil degradation factors (the presence of salt marshes, salt marshes, erosion and deflation) in each of the districts are different, therefore, for a comprehensive assessment of the level of degradation in a particular area, calculations of the generalized indicator of degradation of the soil cover of pastures are carried out. Results and discussion. Based on a systematic analysis, with an assessment of the desirability and weight of each of the degradation factors, it was found that the soil cover of the pastures of the Kursk region is subject to a moderate level of degradation (Dp=0.95), Ipatovsky district with Dp=0.90 – increased, and Apanasenkovsky Turkmen, Arzgir, Levokumsky, Neftekumsky districts – a high level of degradation with Dp=0.822–0.828. Сonclusion. In an area with a moderate level of degradation of the pasture soil cover, a superficial improvement of the natural herbage is proposed with the addition of perennial grasses to it: Medicagovaria, Melilotusofficinalis, Melilotus album, Agropyron fragile, Kochiaarenaria. With an increased and high level of degradation of pasture soils, it is advisable to radically improve with the use of legume-cereal grass mixtures from Medicagofalcata, Medicagovaria, Onobrychisarenaria, Agropyron fragile, Elytrigiaintermedia, Bromopsisinermis, Kochiaarenaria. On saline soils, it is also effective to use both Medicago falcate and Medicagovaria and Agropyrondesertorum, Agropyroncristatum, Elytrigiaintermedia, Bromopsisinermis, Kochiaarenaria, Bassiaprostrata, Melilotusofficinalis, Melilotus album, Festucavalesiaca, Leymusracemosus. Suggestions for practical application and direction of future research. The developed map-scheme of degradation of the soil cover of pastures of the Stavropol Territory districts, indicating the numerical values of the complex indicator Dp, allows you to make certain technological decisions on carrying out a complex of phyto-meliorative measures on pastures specifically for each district of the Eastern Caucasus.
Sustainable development concept of the Kabardino-Balkaria mining region based on the enrichment tailings use of the Tyrniauz plant in the draft space backing
Authors:   Institute o f Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources Russian Academy of Sciences, Rylnikova Marina , Dzhappuev Ruslan ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Tsupkina Maria ,   Institute o f Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources Russian Academy of Sciences, Gabaraev Oleg ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University)
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Generalization of the world experience of integrated development of deposits indicates that the solution of the issues of involvement of mining and ore processing wastes in industrial exploitation is an urgent scientific and practical task. Therefore, the article presents the results of research on the possibility of using old tailings of ore dressing of Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum combine (TTMK) to backfilling space in the process of finalization of reserves of Tyrnyauz deposit. Methodology and methods of research. The methods of research are the analysis of data on the formation of tailings of Tyrnyauz enrichment plant, laboratory experiments to study the material and granulometric composition of tailings, thermo-gravimetric analysis of tailings and study of strength properties of mixtures prepared based on tailings. Discussion of research results. The results of tests of samples of backfilling prepared based on initial and burnt samples of old tailings with the addition of different cement and water consumption are shown, which in the dynamics of strength gain testify to the possibility of obtaining the given characteristics of the filling massif in the required terms of its exposure at different thicknesses of ore bodies being finalized and the variants of development systems adopted in this connection. Conclusion. The possibility of preparation of stowing mixtures based on old tailings of Tyrnyauz enrichment plant has been proved. Resume. The choice of a specific composition of solidifying backfill mix will be made depending on the capacity of the deposits to be reworked and the variant of the deposit reserves reworking system determined by it with the use of floorchamber systems of development with two-stage order of reserves extraction in chambers of I and II stages. In addition, the rest of the accumulated reserves of technogenic raw materials in the tailings pond may, if necessary, serve as a resource for backfilling the mine workings at the second stage of development of the overlying reserves of the deposit. Proposals for practical application and direction of future research. The obtained results can be used in development of technological solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency of involvement of technogenic raw materials from tailings ponds and finalization of the main reserves of deposits when using the development systems with backfilling of mined-out space.
Comprehensive assessment of geoecological risks in conducting open and underground mining
Authors:   MIREA – Russian Technological University, Kulikova Elena , Balovtsev Sergey ,   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Skopintseva Olga ,   National University of Science and Technology MISIS
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Geo-ecological risk is the probability of adverse events leading to a violation of the stability of the existing ecological system or the natural and technical geo-system “rock mass – technology – mining”, formed as a result of mining activities. The main elements of geo-ecological risk in mining are dangerous geological (landslides, rock collapses, suffusion-erosion processes, karst, etc.) and hydrogeological processes. The purpose of the research. Development of a method for integrated assessment and management of geo-ecological risks in open-pit and underground mining operations. Methodology. The paper calculates the geo-ecological risk in relation to each technological process. At the same time, the ranking of the possibility of a negative process in mining activities is determined on the basis of an expert approach, taking into account the specifics of mining and technological operations. Statistical data and expert assessments formed the basis for determining the quantitative values of geo-ecological risks in mining operations. Results and discussion. The obtained quantitative values of geo-ecological risks indicate that a management system is needed. The developed geo-ecological risk management system makes it possible to conduct a comprehensive assessment of them in the conditions of mining and mining and construction production and, based on forecast calculations, determine the distribution zones of the most dangerous processes in the “rock mass – technology – mining” system. Conclusion. Research has been conducted on the formation of a comprehensive assessment of geo-ecological risks, as well as their forecasting during open-pit and underground mining operations. It is determined that the geo-ecological risk in open-pit mining consists of the risk of alienation and degradation of soil, the risk of pollutants into the atmospheric air, the risk of pollution and depletion of the water basin, and in underground mining – from the risk of atmospheric pollution of the working area, the risk of changes in the groundwater regime and the risk of geo-mechanical transformations of the rock mass.
Consolidation of mechanically processed sprayed powder of high-speed steel 10P6M5 by methods of cold, hot and dynamic hot pressing
Authors:   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University), Galachieva Svetlana , Zasypkin Matvey ,   NUST MISIS, Eremeeva Zhanna ,   NUST MISIS, Sharipzyanova Gyuzel ,   Moscow Polytechnic University
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Powdered high-speed steels have a number of advantages over their cast counterparts, including a more finely dispersed microstructure and a more uniform distribution of carbide inclusions in the volume of the material, ensuring their better mechanical properties. However, the production of tools from such steels is technologically difficult due to the poor formability of high-speed steel powders due to their high hardness. To effectively produce high-density work pieces, it is necessary to use static or dynamic hot pressing methods. The aim of the work is to investigate the possibility of using these methods to consolidate sprayed and mechanically activated powder of high-speed steel 10P6M5. Materials and Methods. Watersprayed powder and powder that underwent mechanical activation in a planetary centrifugal mill were used as feedstock. Static hot pressing of the samples was carried out in a graphite cylindrical mold at a temperature of 1000°C at a pressure of 50 MPa and an exposure time of 3 minutes. Dynamic hot pressing was carried out in a cylindrical mold at a temperature of ~ 1250°C with a sealing operation of 150 MJ/m3, the powder was placed in an airtight steel container. A heat treatment cycle (quenching and multiple tempering) was performed for the obtained samples. The hardness and relative density of the samples were measured, and their microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Results. It was found that the preliminary mechanical activation of the powder has a negligible effect on its compactness by hot pressing methods, however, it contributes to the formation of a more finely dispersed structure of the obtained samples. In DGP, a structure with a smaller average grain size and a more dispersed distribution of carbide particles in the work piece from the processed powder is observed. Resume. 1. The paper presents the results of research on hot pressing and dynamic hot pressing of high-speed steel powders. 2. The research results can be useful in the production of billets from high-speed steel powders.
Selection of technologies and directions for reducing the technogenic impact of mineral formations on the environment
Authors:   Tula State University, Kachurin Nikolai , Stas Galina ,   Tula State University, Prokhorov Dmitriy ,   Tula State University, Gavrina Oksana ,   North Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University)
Published: May 2024

Introduction. With an increase in natural and man-made pressure, the condition of lands in the regions of Russia is deteriorating. Under the combined influence of natural and man-made processes, the soil layer of the lands that host them inevitably degrades, so the issue of minimizing the impact of these objects is relevant. Materials and methods. The possibility of minimizing the negative impact of technogenic mineral formations (TMF) on the environment under specific conditions is assessed through analysis using the method of expert assessments. The zone parameters were determined as a result of field and remote observations, laboratory experiments and mathematical modeling. Land plots located in zones of active influence of TMF were taken into account. Results. The following tasks were solved in the work: the state of the solid sediments was clarified; an analysis of the best available technologies for solid waste disposal was carried out; the lands containing solid waste were ranked according to their economic value; The degree of reduction of the negative impact of solid waste on the environment when using new technologies was assessed. Discussion. Since their creation, the structure of the land fund has changed greatly. The lands on which solid soil formations are located are most often not taken into account, i.e. it is not possible to determine the category of land and the type of permitted use. Conclusions. As a criterion for the optimality of recycling technologies, it is proposed to use the degree of negative impact of solid waste on the environment, determined as a result of ranking solid waste using fuzzy clustering. Conclusion. The proposed algorithm allows not only to determine the optimal direction for the reclamation of such lands in the absence of initial data, but also to select the most effective technologies for each direction. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The possibility of using solid waste now or in the future has been studied, and the use of an algorithm for selecting technologies to minimize or eliminate the negative impact of solid waste on the environment under similar conditions has been proposed.
System analysis of calculation methods for power supply systems in quarry points
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Klyuev Roman
Published: May 2024

To optimize decisions on the choice of power supply options and obtain the greatest technical and economic efficiency in computer-aided design, it is necessary to improve the methodological base, develop economic and mathematical models of the most important and labor-intensive problems and algorithms for solving them using modern computer technology. In this work, a block diagram of an algorithm for computeraided design of power supply systems for quarries has been developed. The scheme provides the ability to calculate electrical loads taking into account the features of technology and mechanization of mining operations, select the number and power of transformer substations, calculate quarry distribution systems, compare options for power supply schemes taking into account changes in electrical loads and the dynamics of mining operations.
Biological working agents use to reduce the carbon footprint
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Kulikova Aleksandra , Khabarova Elena ,   MIREA – Rus sian Technological University
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Chemical compounds related to greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, some fluorinated F-gases), capturing the energy of the Sun and absorbing infrared radiation, create a greenhouse effect above the Earth’s surface. In order to assess the impact of humanity on the climate system, the carbon footprint indicator is used, which takes into account greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic human activities. This indicator is used to estimate direct emissions from technological processes that can be controlled and from indirect emissions that occur during the product lifecycle. One of the promising areas for reducing greenhouse gases can be considered the use of biological working agents. The purpose of the research. Conducting an assessment of the possibilities of using biological working agents to reduce the carbon footprint in mining enterprises. Methodology. The research was conducted on the basis of analyses of literary data from Russian and foreign sources, specific preventive and compensatory initiatives for the absorption of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere based on the participation of biological working agents were considered. Results and discussion. As a result of the research, various technologies for reducing the carbon footprint using biological working agents were considered. Dependences of the carbon footprint on changes in the natural gas content of coal seams for coalmines were obtained. The carbon footprint was calculated when obtaining energy resources for the extraction of 1 ton of coal using various types of fuels, during the burning of rock dumps. It is proposed to use biological working agents to reduce the carbon footprint using various technologies to reduce direct and indirect emissions, as well as to recycle greenhouse gases to obtain alternative energy. The results of the study of the applicability of biological working agents in mining enterprises in order to reduce the carbon footprint are shown. Conclusions. 1. Research has been conducted on the use of various technologies to reduce the carbon footprint using biological working agents in relation to mining enterprises. 2. It has been determined that biological working agents, when used in mining enterprises, can reduce the carbon footprint from direct greenhouse gas emissions by many times, as well as deposit carbon for many years by extracting CO2 and other gases directly from the air, growing trees and plants with high biological productivity capable of sequestering carbon dioxide. 3. It has been found, that biological working agents are able to process CO2 to produce various useful products, as well as utilize greenhouse gases to produce alternative energy.
Demulsification of Water-in-Crude Oil Field Emulsion Using Green Demulsifier Based on Sesamum indicum: Synthesis, Characterization, Performance, and Mechanism
Authors: Dhandhi Yogesh , Bhardwaj Vaibhav , Saw Rohit Kumar , Naiya Tarun Kumar
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses the issues related to poor demulsifier efficiency, low biodegradability, and toxicity of commonly used chemical demulsifiers in the petroleum industry. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes an environmentally friendly demulsifier synthesized from Sesamum indicum (sesame oil). The synthesized demulsifier is characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The demulsification test was performed for the synthesized demulsifier through the standard bottle test method using water-in-oil field emulsion. The results indicate that the demulsifier has an excellent dehydration rate and can achieve a demulsification efficiency of 85% within 10 minutes at a concentration of 200 ppm and 100% efficiency in 60 minutes at 70°C and performs better than the commercial demulsifier. The paper summarizes the factors affecting the demulsification process, including settling time, temperature, and demulsifier concentration. Furthermore, the demulsification mechanism is explained through interfacial tension (IFT) measurement, competitive adsorption test between asphaltene and demulsifier, and rheology study of emulsion. Moreover, the disuccinimidyl sulfoxide (DSSO) demulsifier is tested for its biodegradability according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development procedure, and the results show that it is completely biodegradable. The outcome of this research provides a promising solution for the demulsification of field emulsions through eco-friendly and efficient demulsifier.
Extraordinarily harvesting waste heat by thermally regenerative Zn-ion battery
Authors: Chen Lidong , Sun Xiaoling , Chen Hongyi , Li Yitong , Zeng Dewen , Qiu Pengfei , Zeng Huarong , Ji Xiaobo , Shi Xun
Published: May 2024

Typical technologies that can convert waste heat into electricity include thermoelectrics, thermionic capacitors, thermo-cells, thermal charge cells, and thermally regenerative electrochemical cycles. They have small thermal-to-electrical conversion efficiency or poor stability, severely hindering the efficient recovery of waste heat. Herein, we successfully developed a thermally regenerative Zn-ion battery to work under Carnot-like mode to efficiently harvest waste heat into electricity. Through introducing Layered Double Hydroxides to modify battery’s anode reaction, a record absolute high temperature coefficient of 2.944 mV/K is achieved in NiHCF/Zn battery, leading to a high thermal-to-electrical conversion efficiency of 29.24% of the Carnot efficiency and an extraordinary energy efficiency of 104.11% when the battery is charged at 50 ℃ and discharged at 5 ℃. This work demonstrates that the thermally regenerative batteries can effectively harvest waste heat to provide a powerful energy conversion technology.
Gap Junction Intercellular Communications Regulates Activation of SARM1 and Protects Against Axonal Degeneration
Authors: Zhao Yong Juan , Zhu Wen Jie , Liu Jun , Li Wan Hua , Zhao Zhi Ying , Huang Chongquan , Yang Jian Yuan , Lee Hon Cheung
Published: May 2024

Sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor motif containing 1 (SARM1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-utilizing enzyme, mediates axon degeneration (AxD) in various neurodegenerative diseases. It is activated by nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to produce a calcium messenger, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). This activity is blocked by elevated NAD level. Here, we verified this metabolic regulation in somatic HEK-293T cells by overexpressing NMN-adenyltransferase to elevate cellular NAD, which resulted not only in inhibition of their own SARM1 from producing cADPR but, surprisingly, also in the 5–10 neighboring wildtype cells in mixed cultures via connexin (Cx)-43. Direct visualization of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) was achieved by incubating cells with a permeant probe, PC11, which is converted by SARM1 into PAD11, a fluorescent NAD analog capable of traversing GJs. Extending the findings to dorsal root ganglion neurons, we further showed that CZ-48, a permeant NMN analog, or axotomy, activated SARM1 and the produced PAD11 was transferred to contacting axons via GJIC. The gap junction involved was identified as Cx36 instead. This neuronal GJIC was demonstrated to be functional, enabling healthy neurons to protect adjacent axotomized axons from degeneration. Inhibition of GJIC in mice by AAV-PHP.eB-mediated knockdown of Cx36 in brain induced neuroinflammation, which in turn activated SARM1 and resulted in axon degeneration as well as behavioral deficits. Our results demonstrate a novel intercellular regulation mechanism of SARM1 and reveal a protective role of healthy tissue against AxD induced by injury or neuroinflammation.
Classifications: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES -- Neuroscience; Biochemistry; Cell Biology.
A Rare Case of Rosai-Dorfman disease presented as generalized lymphadenopathy: A case Report
Authors: Wadajo Abebaw Amare , Tadele Abraham Kassahu , Geremew Teketel Tadesse , Tesgera Tigist Gutema
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is an uncommon, histiocytic lesion that presents most commonly in young patients as large, painless, cervical lymphadenopathy but can presented with generalized lymphadenopathy without cervical LN involvement . It is characterized by the overproduction and accumulation of histiocytes, primarily in the lymph nodes but extra nodal involvement may also occur. Tissue biopsy is the main diagnostic modality.Histopathology is required to confirm diagnosis of RDD. The clinical course is unpredictable regardless of treatment. Although in most cases RDD can be observed or treated with local therapies, some patients with refractory or multifocal disease experience morbidity and mortality. Considering the rarity of RDD presenting with out cervical lymphadenopathy we would like to report this case for the world and up to our knowledge it is the first case to be reported in our country.
Case presentation
Here, we report a rare case of RDD in a 28-year-old male patient who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy over bilateral axillary, epitrochlear and inguinal area for the past 1 year which was histomorphologically confirmed to be RDD he was treated with steroid and show partial response for the treatment.
Conclusion
RDD is a rare entity that is challenging in diagnosis and management. Clinicians and pathologists should have a high degree of suspicion for RDD in young patients with generalized lymphadenopathy even with no cervical lymph node involvement.
FNAC is very important non-invasive and cost effective modalities to rule out top clinical differentials of RDD like lymphomas.