bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seaweeds of Protected Area of Kandalaksha Bay - the Continuity Phytocenosis Guarantor
Authors: Shklyarevich Galina , Shoshina Elena
Published: January 2020

Ecosystems of the northern seas are highly productive and highly vulnerable requiring continued preservation of the shallow coastal marine zones. Research was conducted in the protected portions of the Kandalaksha Bay Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve of the White Sea. Here there are large shallow water areas among many large and small islands. These areas are characterized by having extensive coastlines with different types of intertidal zones. The highly varied nature of the coastal zones, with the unique conditions found in the different bays, creates peculiar regional and local hydrodynamic conditions. The abundant large and small rivers flowing into these areas provide a continuous flow of biogenic elements. These nutrients when combined with the steady flow of sedimentary material (as substratum for seaweeds) create favorable conditions for development of a variety of marine phytocenosis. Seaweeds of the protected reserve water of the Kandalaksha Bay may be the guarantor of phytocenosis continuity of the White Sea.
Development of an Extruded Potato Snack Using Recycled Materials
Authors: Aksenova Olga , Kulikova Marina
Published: January 2020

The study is aimed at solving the problem of snacks deficiency corresponding to the concept of a balanced diet. Snacks were made using rational process parameters using fish powder obtained from the fillet waste of protein-rich salmon and malt grains rich in dietary fiber. The composition of the recipe mixture was optimized through calculation and a series of experiments. In investigate took as calculated variables the starch and fat content in the recipe mixture and the biological value; as response variables, organoleptic properties and expansion coefficient. The result was an extruded snack, consisting of 79% of crushed dried potatoes, of 8% of fish powder and of 12% of malt grains, which, in comparison with similar snacks, has a higher biological value of 83%, an increased protein content of 14.5% and a dietary fiber value of 8.4 %, a reduced fat content of 1% and a reduced energy value of 340 kcal. The analysis of the quality indicators of the snack confirmed that this product satisfies the requirements for snacks in terms of physicochemical, organoleptic, microbiological and safety indicators. The developed potato extruded snack is targeted at different population groups and is a healthier alternative to potato chips.
Research of the Nutritional Value of Macrophytes of the Sea of Azov
Authors: Donchenko Liudmila , Bityutskaya Olga , Glubokovskikh Julia
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the results of research devoted to the nutritional value of macrophytes − green algae Ulvarigida C. Ag., Cladophora spp., red algae Callithamnion corymbosum (Smith) Lyngb. These typical representatives of the aquatic biocenoses of the coastal waters of the two seas, Cladophora spp., episodically dominate in the periphyton of the Sea of Azov. An analysis of the chemical composition made it possible to establish the predominance of the carbohydrate component (59.2 − 64.9 % absolute dry matter), the presence of pectin substances in significant quantities (% a.d.m.), namely in U. rigida − 12.1, Cladophora sp. − 7.5, C. corymbosum – 6.0. The amino acid composition of algae proteins was studied; limiting essential amino acids were established. In the mineral composition of macrophytes, the presence of phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium was determined; a high iodine content was noted in U. rigida (4.3 – 4.6 %). All three types of algae belong to low-calorie raw materials (less than 90 kcal/100 g) and with a certain technological processing can be recommended in diets to reduce weight.
Results of the Primary Evaluation of Processes of Natural Self-cleaning of Lake Yanisyarvi As an Object of Fishing Value
Authors: Kuchko Alexander , Sidorova Natalya , Mamontova Olga
Published: January 2020

The initial assessment of the processes of natural self-cleaning of the lakes of the Yanisyarvi basin was carried out. The morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of aquatic microflora were used as the main indicators of natural self-cleaning processes in the eco-system. The dominance of the anaerobic phase of self-purification due to the enzymatic activity of obligate and facultative anaerobes was described. The proportion of anaerobes controlling intra-water geochemical processes averaged 90%, and aerobes - 10%. The morphological component was represented by a wide variety, the presence of all morphotypes with the exception of crimped forms was noted. The study of tinctorial traits, isolated isolates made it possible to establish the predominance of representatives of the Gracilicutes department, whose number, depending on the sampling station, varied from 55 to 95%. The biochemical component of the study was performed on the basis of determining the activity of isolates in 8 groups of enzymes.
Effect of different post-harvest treatments on free amino acid content in Fucus vesiculosus
Authors: Obluchinskaya Ekaterina
Published: January 2020

The effect of different post-harvest treatments (fresh, freezing and air-drying) and storage duration on free amino acid (FAA) content of brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus were studied. The FAA profile of thalli algae was studied every 3 months over 1 year. The FAA were extracted in ethanol/water (70: 30) solution, purified by ion exchange chromatography, derivatized and determined using hight-performance liquid chromatography. Free amino acid profile was significantly (p<0.001) different among the fresh, freezing and air-drying seaweeds. Long-term storage of seaweeds for 12 months in both dried and frozen form contributed to increased levels of free amino acids. The total free amino acid content increased from 285.80 mg/100 g dry matter of fresh seaweeds to 597.38 mg/100 g dry matter of dried seaweeds and to 473.84 mg/100 g dry matter of the frozen form. The total content of essential amino acids increased from 49.65 mg/100 g dry matter in fresh seaweeds to 130.45 mg/100 g dry matter of dried seaweeds and to 106.70 mg/100 g dry matter of frozen seaweeds. The content of glutamic acid responsible for the taste increased from 132.36 mg/100 g dry matter of fresh seaweeds to 169.50 mg/100 g dry matter of dried seaweeds, and to 242.00 mg/100 g dry matter of frozen seaweeds. Thus, the long-term storage of dried and frozen seaweeds contributes to the improvement of their qualities.
The Reproductive Cycle of Holothuria Cucumaria frondosa of the Barents Sea
Authors: Garbul (Antsiferova) Anna , Garbul Evgeniy , Indushko Valeria
Published: January 2020

The study considers the morphological features of the gonad structure and the seasonal changes in the reproductive activity of the gonads of holothuria Cucumaria frondosa of the Barents Sea. The sex of individuals can be identified using morphometric analysis with the average mass of gonads of 1.63 g, with the average mass of the skin-muscle sac of 53.00 g and the length of 80.00-83.00 mm whereas the diameter of the genital tubes is not less than 0.50 mm. The spawning of cucumaria, producing plankton progeny, occurs from March to May, but the spawning period can be shifted, since the beginning of the spawning period is associated with the seasonal increase of the surface water temperature and the intensive phytoplankton blooming. The character of spawning is intermittent. Individual fertility is low, in individuals with the average mass of SMS 150.00-200.00 g ranged from 9 to 32 thousand cells.
Concept of Microclimate in Russian Legislation
Authors: Gaponenkov Ivan , Smirnova Irina
Published: January 2020

In the constantly changing conditions of the external environment, the microclimate is supported by the stabilizing systems of the building in the overall system ”building - exterior fences and engineering equipment”. To create a comfortable microclimate in the room, special systems are used: heating, ventilation, and humidification. To create thermal comfort indoors means ensuring its complex meteorological conditions in which the thermoregulatory system of the body is in a state of the least tension, and all the other physiological functions occur at the level most beneficial for the body. In the modern world the quality of the indoor environment is a priority, part of the requirements is reflected in the modern standards of green building, part in the national standards. So the Russian Federation has legislative and normative-legal acts, reflecting the characteristics of environmental quality: GOST (State Standard) 30494-2011, SanPiN (Sanitary Regulations and Norms) 2.1.2.1002-00, GOST R ISO (Russian National Standard) 7730-2009, SN 2605-82, SNiP (Construction Standards and Regulations) 23-05-95 and others. Normalized microclimatic indicators include temperature, humidity and air velocity, surface temperature of building envelopes, objects, equipment. But at the present stage, the formation of a harmonized and safe environment of the room depends on many factors, which should not only reflect functional, social, climatic, urban planning, construction design, architectural-artistic and economic characteristics, but also socio-psychological and environmental components of the room.
Technology and Physico-chemical Properties of Gelatin from Atlantic Cod Skin
Authors: Kolotova Daria , Petrova Lyudmila
Published: January 2020

In this work, the technology of fish gelatin from the skin of Atlantic cod from the Barents Sea was developed. The influence of enzyme type, extraction time, and pH of extraction on properties of fish gelatin was studied. The usage of proteolytic enzymes increases the yield of gelatin in comparison with acidic treatment, but the molecular weight of gelatin and viscosity of its solution decrease. The results observed related to the cleavage of peptide bonds of collagen during the enzymolysis process. The increase the time of extraction leads to an increase in molecular weight and quality of gelatin obtained. It was shown that gelatin obtained can be successfully used in the production of functional food products based on fish raw materials. The results obtained are of great importance for the fish-processing industry. They allow transforming existing technologies into non-waste processes and thereby enhance the effectiveness of enterprises and create better environmental conditions.
Antioxidant System Response of Freshwater Mussel Anodontacygnea to Cadmium Exposure
Authors: V. Sukhovskaya Irina , V. Borvinskaya Ekaterina , A. Kochneva Albina , I. Slukovsky Zakhar , R. Kurpe Stanislav , N. Fokina Natalia
Published: January 2020

Cadmium is one of the widespread toxic substances being hazardous for man as it capable to enter from the environment into animal and plant tissues and spreading along the food chain. We have studied the effect of Cd on the gills and hepatopancreas of the fresh water bivalve mollusks Anodontacygnea. After 12-day acclimation the mollusks were kept for 24 and 72 hours in aquariums with Cd2+ concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 μg/L. Mass-spectrometric analysis has shown that Cd accumulation rate increased with increasing metal concentration in the water. At cadmium concentration of 100 μg/L the mollusk was capable of accumulating up to 0.44 μg of Cd per day. The accumulation of such high metal concentrations in the mollusk tissues did not kill the animals, but signs of oxidative stress, more pronounced in the gills than in the digestive gland, were observed. Exposure to cadmium ions decreased GSH concentration and increase Рx activity in the mollusk gills as early as 24 hours after the beginning of the experiment. Changing the water in the aquarium had a considerable influence on SOD activity in the gills comparable with the effect of the addition of Cd.
Problems of Sustainable Development of Russian Fishing Industry in the Concept of Rational Nature Management of Arctic Resources
Authors: Savelieva Svetlana , Motina Tatiana , Volkova Tatiana
Published: January 2020

In recent years, special attention has been paid to the issues of rational nature management and ecological state of the natural environment of the Arctic zone, given the important economic, social and environmental role of this region. The active industrial development of the Arctic zone unambiguously leads to a change in the living conditions of marine biological resources. The Arctic plays an important role in Russian fisheries. The paper considers the conceptual provisions of rational nature management in the conditions of industrial development of the Russian Arctic and identifies the problems and conditions for sustainable development of the Russian fisheries.
Formation of Highly Productive Agrophytocenoses of Peas and Spring Rapeseed in Trans-Urals
Authors: Postovalov Alexey , Sukhanova Svetlana , Plotnikov Alexey , Sazhina Svetlana , Sozinov Andrey
Published: January 2020

In modern conditions, an important reserve for increasing yields and crops is the selection of varieties adapted to the environment. At the same time, there is an increasing need for varieties capable of maximizing the potential for productivity and quality. The purpose of the study is to analyze the ecological plasticity of pea and spring rapeseed varieties to increase the productivity of agrophytocenoses in the Trans-Urals. The studies revealed that in order to increase the productivity of pea and spring rapeseed agrophytocenoses in the conditions of Trans-Urals, high-yield pea varieties Thomas, Aksaisky leafless 55, Zauralsky 3 and Sibur shall be cultivated with a yield of 20.8-24.7 c/ha; spring rapeseed – Avangard, Atlant, Ozorno, 55 Region with the yield of 19.3-22.8 c/ha. High-intensity pea varieties include Aksaisky leafless 55, Zauralsky 3, Ulyanovets and Flagman 12 with the plasticity index of 1.1-1.2, spring rapeseed – Novik, Ermak, Altair and Mirakel with the plasticity index of 1.1-1.5 and stability equal to 3.5-10.5. The varieties that are poorly responsive to changing external conditions, but with high stable yields include Vatan, Samarius and Sibur pea varieties, spring rapeseed – Ratnik, Pramen, Smilla, Avangard, Atlant and Ozorno varieties.
Assessment of Spring Water on Geological Characteristics (Springs in Murmansk Are Taken As an Example)
Authors: Glazova Valeria , Gaponenkov Ivan , Fiodorova Olga , Vasiljeva Zhanna , Glukhikh Yana
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the relevance of the spring waters study and presents the results of the springs’ classification in Murmansk and outskirts of the town on geological and ecological characteristics. Spring Water is the main source of water for drinking, agricultural and industrial needs. The availability of water determines the location and activities of people in the area. Our growing population experiences great demands on natural freshwater resources. However they are under various forms of pollution such as agricultural, industrial and domestic. In this research spring water samples were taken from the springs of Murmansk and outskirts of the town. Physical and chemical parameters were analyzed. The characteristics of each parameter were compared with the standard data established in the Russian Federation for this indicator. The characteristics of each parameter were within safe limits.
Effect of Synthetic Detergents on Soil Erosion Resistance
Authors: Chuchkalov Sergey , Fadeev Ivan , Alekseev Victor
Published: January 2020

The effect of soil contamination with synthetic detergents (SD) Labomid-203, MS-8 and ML-51 in combination with potassium monoborate (MBP) on the change in the potential of soil erosion resistance (PER) was evaluated. PER characterizes the soil resistance to water erosion and is equal to the energy of a water jet acting perpendicular to the soil surface, required for the destruction and removal of a unit of soil mass from the area of its natural occurrence. Soil water retention curve (SWRC) and hydraulic conductivity were selected for the research as parameters determining soil erodibility. SWRC and moisture conductivity function are dependent on the surface tension and viscosity of the moisture in the soil, which are changed on soil contamination with surfactants of washing solutions. Integrating the expression for SWRC in the range of moisture content values from a fixed initial value to the value, corresponding to the complete filling of soil pores with moisture, gave the result correlating with the energy determining the potential for erosion resistance. Soil contamination with SD and MBP led to the significant decrease in soil erosion resistance, which is particularly evident at low moisture values. The largest decrease in soil erosion resistance (by an average of 39.6%) was caused by MS-8 (1.0% MS-8, 0.3% MBP). The smallest decrease in soil erosion resistance (by an average of 12.4%) was caused by ML-51 (0.5% ML-51, 0.1% MBP). The experiments were carried out with dark-gray and light-gray forest soils of the Chuvash Republic (Russia).
Improving the Processing of Dried Brown Algae of the Northern Basin Seas
Authors: Golubeva Olga , Konstantinova Svetlana , Malaeva Anna
Published: January 2020

Dried brown algae, abundant in the seas of the Northern basin, are additional sources of iodine, the lack of which affects more than two thirds of Russians. Brown algae of the Northern basin seas: sugar wrack and bady wrack, harvested in the Barents Sea were chosen as the object of the study. The use of cryoextrusion and freeze-drying will allow expanding the possibilities of brown algae processing. The use of frozen raw material allows processing it industrially far from the harvesting areas. The results presented in the paper confirm the possibility and expediency of applying cryoextrusion and freeze drying since they are advanced methods of resource-saving technology for the processing of the North basin brown algae. The modes for grinding of the frozen brown algae were developed on the basis of cryoextrusion with the use of dies with holes of ”cone-cone” type; the design of the unit is protected by a patent. The yield of ground semi-finished product obtained at different modes varies from 98.57 to 99.80% from the weight of the raw material. The resulting semi-finished product is of homogeneous structure. The use of freeze-drying, depending on the type, allows achieving the final content of product moisture from 5.24 to 10.6%.
Overview of the Russian Legal Framework in the Sphere of "Green" Building
Authors: Yashkina Anna , Vasileva Zhanna , Glukhikh Yana
Published: January 2020

The article deals with a brief overview of the main laws, national standards, regulatory and technical documents that regulate legal relations in the field of ”green” building in Russia. The key features of the existing legislative framework regulating environmental aspects in construction are identified and the factors limiting the introduction of ”green” building in the construction sector are considered. The tendency of normative documents development in the field of environmental protection taking into account scientific and technical achievements and requirements of international rules and standards is noted. The paper provides a schematic description of the relations regulation and the establishment of mandatory requirements in the construction industry. There are also documents showing the requirements can be mandatory or voluntary. The authors consider the standards that provide a comprehensive analysis of all constructing systems from the standpoint of sustainability. The normative and technical documents describe a set of principles, categories, evaluation criteria, indicators, recommended indicators and environmental requirements for real estate. In conclusion, the lack of uniform, updated and a complete regulatory framework for technical regulation in the field of green building and the necessity to stimulate economic entities in the sphere of construction and real estate at the state level with a view to enhancing the practice of green building.
Aspects for Priority Protection Assessment of Abiotic Components to Oil Exposure
Authors: Kalinka Olga
Published: January 2020

The analytical review was prepared to assess coefficients of priority protection the features of special significance for mapping the vulnerability of marine coastal zones from oil pollution. Nowadays, this issue is a rather complex scientific problem, because there is no consensus on how to evaluate, calculate and how to present them. In most cases, such coefficients are given by one or more parameters in relative units (points, ranks). As a rationale, only criteria are given, taking into account which it is determined how much one object is more important for protection than another, and specific values are based mainly on the subjective expert’s opinion and are therefore ambiguous. At the same time, the availability of maps showing the environmental vulnerability of marine coastal zones is very important in case of emergency oil spills, as it facilitates the indicating of priorities for cleaning, especially at the initial stages of spill response and minimizes potential damage to the natural and man-made environment. This paper proposes approaches, where the basis for obtaining quantitative standardizable indicators of priority protection the features of special significance presented with minimal subjectivity and maximum generality.
Studying the Influence of Acoustic Cavitation and Avalanche-Streamer Discharge on the Quality of Raw Milk in Order to Achieve the Pasteurization Effect
Authors: Krasulya Olga , Kanina Kseniya , Zhizhin Nikolay , Shlenskaya Nataliya , Demid Alexandra
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of the studies obtained in the investigation of the quality of milk processed with the use of physical methods of exposure - acoustic cavitation and avalanche-streamer discharge, in order to achieve a pasteurizing effect. It is shown that in the treatment of high-frequency ultrasonic oscillations (over 45 kHz) generated by an electric ultrasonic device of the submersible type of impulse action ”Activator-150”, the number of bacteria of the E. coli group decreased by almost 40%, which allows concluding that the chosen method of influence is effective for the destruction of sanitary and pathogenic (indicative) microflora in raw milk and achieve a certain pasteurization effect. Using low-frequency ultrasonic exposure (20-22 kHz) generated by the cavitation ultrasonic flow type reactor RKU, the raw milk indicators QMAFAnM (Quantity of Mesophilic Aerobic and Facultative Anaerobic Microorganisms) and number of Coliform bacteria did not change after processing, as well as physical and chemical indicators, apart from the indicators of particle fineness. It can be stated that low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation treatment is not effective in terms of achieving a pasteurizing effect. In order to achieve a pasteurization effect by applying avalanche-streamer treatment we assessed its effect on QMAFAnM - the microbiological background of milk. The use of avalanche-streamer discharge does not have the expectation effect on the total number of microorganisms in milk. It is advisable to use high-frequency acoustic cavitation for microbial biota inactivation and avalanche-streamer discharge to reduce spore bacteria contamination.
Long-term Changes in Community of Planktonic Algae of the Northeastern Black Sea (2005-2011)
Authors: N. Yasakova Olga , R. Makarevich Pavel , B. Okolodkov Yuri
Published: January 2020

Phytoplankton dynamics in bays and open waters of the northeastern Black Sea was studied in 2005-2011. Species composition comprised 11 classes and 210 species including 19 potentially toxic species and 5 new records for the study area. The maximum species richness was found among dinoflagellates (96 species) and diatoms (78); other major taxonomic groups were represented by a small number of species (2 to 10). The highest abundance of planktonic algae was observed in the Novorossiysk port waters (5.1x105 cells/ L; 1.08 g/m3). Algal abundance and biomass in the bays of Anapa, Gelendzhik and Tuapse were 2 to 5 times less than in the bay of Novorossiysk. Smallcelled mesosaprobic species of diatoms (Skeletonema, Leptocylindrus, Thalassionema and Chaetoceros), euglenophyceans (Eutreptia lanowii), cyanobacteria (Lyngbya and Oscillatoria) and mixotrophic dinoflagellates (Gymnodinium, Heterocapsa, Gyrodinium and Prorocentrum) were found in the bays. Abundance and biomass in the open sea in front of the bays were 1.5-2 times higher than those observed within the bays. The minimum abundance and biomass were observed in the open sea (5.4x104 cells/L, 0.28 g/m3) and the Kerch Strait (9.8x104 cells/L, 0.186 g/m3). In these areas the most significant part of the population (34-40% of phytoplankton abundance) was composed of the nanoplanktonic prymnesiophycean Emiliania huxleyi, the large-celled diatoms Proboscia alata and Pseudosolenia calcar-avis and dinoflagellates of the genus Protoperidinium (up to 45% of phytoplankton biomass).
Growth-Related Dynamics of Muscle Protein Degradation in Reared Oncorhynchus Mykiss during Growing Season
Authors: Lysenko Liudmila , Kantserova Nadezda , Churova Maria , Tushina Ekaterina , Nemova Nina
Published: January 2020

Although temperature influence on the physiology of rainbow trout have been widely studied, there is little information about the responses of muscle growth and overall protein turnover to temperatures. Therefore, body growth rate and muscle protein turnover of cultivated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of 0+ and 1+ year-classes were studied within a growing season since June to October. Fish grown on cages on a natural lake does not face with food shortage or other growth-retarding factors, and the environmental water temperature affects fish growth primarily. There were detected that water temperature increase in-season results in maximal growth increments and maximal protein turnover rate in trout muscles. Since protein synthesis recognized to be similar between individuals, high overall protein turnover rate depended on increased protein-degrading activities mostly relying on calpain system. Trout of different year classes significantly differs in growth rate and calpain activity coordinately decreasing with age while their temperature responses are quite similar. New data expands on aquaculture practice since based on our observations on coincidence of peak water temperatures (mid-summer) and increased muscle protease activities in trout we can recommend excluding this period for fish slaughter to avoid postmortem flesh deterioration and excessive fillet softening.
Applying the δ18O Parameter for Evaluating of Organic Matter Production-destruction Processes in the Barents Sea
Authors: Namyatov Alexey , Pastukhov Ivan , Semeruk Irina
Published: January 2020

The authors present the determination method of nutrient’s background concentration in the seawater. In this work, as a basis for the proposed method, we use a three-component system [1-6, 10, 11, 12, 13] for mixing water masses in the Barents Sea based on the parameter δ18О. Simple mixing of purely Atlantic water masses and purely river water masses, as well as ice formation and melting processes, were taken into account. The authors suppose that the background concentration is a concentration that changes only as a result of water transformation, such as melting and freezing. The authors consider background concentration of phosphates, nitrates and silicates for the Barents Sea calculated from previously collected data. The difference between measured and background concentrations indicates the production or destruction process of organic matters. If the results are positive - there is destruction; if negative, there is - production. The data for δ18О, salinity, phosphates, nitrates, and silicates that were used in this study were taken from an open-source database published on the NASA website and in our own collection. Samples were taken in the summer.
Environmental Regimes of Drained Soils of the Novgorod Region
Authors: Balun Olga , Tiranova Lyudmila
Published: January 2020

Under the influence of drainage, new ecological regimes of groundwater and soil moisture are formed, which in turn form new nutrient regimes. The objects of this study are the ecological regimes of lands reclaimed in different ways: by an open drainage network (with the use of runoff hollows) and a closed drainage network. Experimental plots are located in the Novgorod region on sod-podzolic soil. The efficiency of the reclamation system is determined by the groundwater regime. The results of the research prove that the regime of groundwater in closed drainage systems is more favorable compared to the open drainage system. The analysis of the nutrient regime of drained soils showed a decrease in agrochemical indicators due to the removal of minerals by runoff. More mineral salts are washed away in closed drainage (up to 711 kg/ha). Considering the agrochemical composition of the soil, calcium ions are removed most intensively from sod-podzolic soils. The water-physical properties of the drained lands, such as density, porosity and moisture content, have also changed. The study of water-air regimes of reclaimed soils revealed a significant difference in the degree of moisture of the plow and subsurface layers when implementing either one or different methods of drainage. A more favorable water-air regime is created by closed drainage systems in the subsurface layer, and by open drainage systems – in the plow layer.
Mathematical Model of Pressure Formation Process along the Helix Channel Length of Screw Grinder
Authors: Pelenko Valery , Usmanov Ilkhom , Pokholchenko Vyacheslav , Smirnova Irina
Published: January 2020

The improvement of the technical equipment effectiveness is currently becoming particularly important. This applies not only to large and high-energy-intensive machines, but also to household appliances, the total energy consumption of which often exceeds the energy consumption of the overall equipment. These types of devices include, in particular, grinding and cutting equipment. The mathematical description of the processes carried out on this equipment is generalized and can be extended to a wider class of machines, including waste processing and mining equipment. The technological parameters, the design of screw grinders, and the processes of movement, deformation, extrusion and cutting carried out in them are characterized by a significant number of factors affecting the energy intensity. The main ones are the geometric parameters of the screw, machine’s body, cross knife, grinding plate’s thickness, the number and diameter of holes in it, as well as the product’s physical-mechanical characteristics and operating conditions. The most important for the mathematical description are the zones and processes where the main share of the consumed power is spent. The complexity of their analytical description is due to a simplified consideration of either individual technological zones of grinders’ existing designs, or the use of unreasonable simplifications.
Use of Echinoderms and Marine and Terrestrial Plant Materials in the Technology of Mayonnaise Sauce
Authors: Grokhovsky Vladimir , Kuranova Lyudmila , Bondarenko Alexandra , Molchanovsky Ivan
Published: January 2020

Sea urchin caviar is a valuable product, as well as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for cancer, it removes radionuclides from the body, increases the body’s resistance to various types of infections, with physical and mental fatigue, under stress. In addition to the above mentioned aspects, the ingestion of sea urchin caviar helps to increase the human body’s resistance to adverse and harmful environmental factors, and has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system and thyroid function. The gonads of sea urchins contain a set of all amino acids not synthesized by the human body, moreover, in a ratio close to the composition of the “ideal protein”. The technology for manufacturing a new mayonnaise sauce using such valuable ingredients as sea urchin caviar, kelp, and nettle has been scientifically substantiated and created. A prescription composition of a new product has been developed; samples of mayonnaise sauce were made and their study during storage was carried out. The implementation of such a technology will allow not only rational use of stocks of marine non-fish raw materials and plants, but also expand the range and properties of functional products.
Activities for Prevention of Gyrodactylus Salaris Distribution in the Kola Peninsula Rivers
Authors: Kalinina Natalia , Kravets Petr
Published: January 2020

Monitoring of distribution of monogenean ectoparasite Gyrodactylus salaris, dangerous for wild populations of the Atlantic salmon in northwest Europe, is carried out by Veterinary Services and the profile scientific organizations in different European countries. In Murmansk area, Gyrodactylus lavareti was first found in a trout farm in Tuloma River in 1996. From now on, representatives of genus Gyrodactylus are annually identified in farmed fish in Tuloma River, according to ichthyopatholocic observations of salmonid farms in Murmansk area. Species G. salaris was indicated in 2016 in farmed trout in Tuloma River and in wild salmon smolts in Pak River of the Nizhnetulomsky water basin. Throughout a number of years, the experts of Regional Veterinary Service and the scientific organizations of Murmansk area discuss necessity of working out of measures to prevent Gyrodactylus salaris introduction in the rivers of the Kola Peninsula with wild populations of the Atlantic salmon. Any transport of smolt and live fish from the freshwater objects of Baltic Sea basin to the water objects of the Barents Sea basin sea would become the most significant threat by parasite Gyrodactylus salaris distribution and might cause a damage of natural populations of the Atlantic salmon of Kola Peninsula.
Effects of the Marinating Process on the Quality of the Domesticated Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus) By-products
Authors: Benzik Ilya , Brazhnaia Inna , Bogdan Elena , Ershov Alexander
Published: January 2020

The development of methods for the complete and complex processing of raw food materials is one of the main ways to achieve the efficiency of its use: reduce production costs, expand products range and increase products demand. Over the last years, growing attention is paid to the search and development of new technologies of the processing of non-traditional and underutilized types of food materials, such as meat and by-products from alternative animal species. The research was aimed at studying the influence of the marinating process on the quality of the newly developed food product. The object of research was the tongue of domesticated reindeer, the underutilized raw materials of the Kola Peninsula. Product samples were taken in 2012-2016 on the basis of the agricultural production cooperative ”Tundra”, research was carried out on the basis of the Department of Food Production Technologies of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ”Murmansk State Technical University”. The effects of marinating and duration of heat treatment on the quality of the product samples was studied. The parameters characterizing the generalized indicator of quality were selected - organoleptic (appearance, flavor and taste), physical (cutting force) and microbiological. The optimal composition of the marinade is proposed. The technology of culinary processing of the domesticated reindeer tongue was optimized.
Influence of the maturation process on the sheep's milk of Camembert cheese fatty acid profile change
Authors: Voblikova Tatiana , Permyakov Anatoly , Rostova Antonina , Masyutina Galina , Eliseeva Anastasia
Published: January 2020

The aim of this research was to study the fatty acid composition of Camembert cheese fat phase. The object of the research was the sheep’s milk Camembert soft cheese. The Camembert soft cheese was made from sheep’s milk pasteurized at 63∘C for 30 minutes before production, using cultures Penicillium camemberti, Geotrichum candidum, as well as Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris, Lactococcus diacetylactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris. The study of the cheese fatty acid composition during maturation was carried out using the gas chromatography method in accordance with the state industry standard of the Russian Federation 32915-2014 ”Milk and dairy products. The determination of fatty acid composition of the fat phase by gas chromatography”. The fatty acids profile in the process of cheese maturation changed significantly. There was an increase in the short chain fatty acids concentration: oil (C4:0) kapron (C6:0), capryl (C8:0). A change in the lauric acid content (C12: 0) and myristic acid (C14: 0) showed a similar trend but with less dynamics. On the 14th day of maturation, the concentration of lauric acid (C12:0) increased by 30%, myristic acid (C14:0) – by 13%. At the beginning of the maturation period, the C18:1n9t isomer consisted about 70% of the total fatty acid trans-isomers. During maturation, the concentration of C18:1n9t decreased by 98%. It was found that, regardless of the maturation period, fatty acids C10: 0, C14: 0, C16: 0, C18: 0, C18: 1 t11 and C18: 1c9 consisted about 73% of the total fatty acids. There was a decrease in the concentration of w-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids with a simultaneous increase in the concentration of w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results can serve as a basis for comparative analysis development tools and strategies aimed at improving the nutritional characteristics of sheep’s milk cheese.
Study of the Influence of Bakery Agents on the Quality of Finished Products
Authors: Volchenko Vasiliy , Evseenko Yulia , Nesviaschenko Sofiia
Published: January 2020

The study of new types of raw materials which differ in the properties necessary in technology, have a rich chemical composition, contain structural components which will not only activate the biotechnological processes of bread production, but also save scarce raw materials used in baking, and improve the chemical composition of the finished product is an urgent problem nowadays. In this work, the expediency and usefulness of barley flour using, polysaccharides and cod liver oil in the creation of compositions for new bakery products is considered. Pectin is a natural polysaccharide which is considered to be enterosorbent. It consists from polygalacturonic acid partially esterified with methanol. Polyfructozan inulin is a natural prebiotic; it is known to give products rich creamy taste and texture. Jerusalem artichoke root powder was a source of inulin consistency. The optimal formulations have been developed experimentally using sensory, physical and chemical methods with the addition of bakery agents (pectin, inulin), as well as a fatty additive – cod liver oil. The dependence between the force proofing products and a ratio of components flour mixture also the stresses of the compression / cutting of bakery products pulp samples and dosages cod liver oil and inactivated yeast. The cod liver oil is considered as a bakery agent of oxidative action used to produce bakery products from flour with weak gluten. The formulation was optimized, and the optimal amount of the additive was determined. The technologies of producing of baking products using bakery agents have been observed, the optimization and quality estimation of them have been carried out.
Resource and Energy Efficient Method of Dried Fish Production
Authors: Ershov Mikhail , Ershov Alexander , Selyakov Ilya
Published: January 2020

The authors of the article propose a method of convective dehydration of fish products, which has an intermittent nature of implementation. The dehydration process consists of the continuous initial phase and following combined periods consisting of phases of drying and relaxation of dehydrated surface layer of the raw material. The necessity of applying relaxation is due to the fact that during the drying process the surface layers that have lost some of the moisture are significantly densified. The size of the capillaries for moisture passing through the surface layers is reduced. Near the surface a layer is formed, which lacks the significant mass of moisture and has low diffusion properties. As a result, the dehydration process of the entire sample slows down. The rational use of relaxation leads to restoring the moisture-conducting properties of the surface layer of fish. The supply of electrical energy to the heating elements is stopped during the relaxation. The minimum circulation rate of the drying agent is maintained in the drying installation. Fresh air with a lower temperature and higher relative humidity than the drying agent is supplied to the drying agent. The conditions in the drying installation restrain external mass transfer and facilitate to the relaxation of the dehydrated surface layer, that is, to the redistribution of moisture in the thickness of the fish. The proposed method of dehydration of fish raw material reduces the cost of electric energy in the production of dried products and provides more rational coolant usage. The final fish products have more attractive appearance due to reduction of tissue deformation as a result of applying the relaxation of dehydrated surface layer.
Improvement of Structural and Technological Parameters of the Innovative Type Climate Chamber
Authors: Nikonova Antonina , Ivaney Aleksandr , Okuneva Leonora
Published: January 2020

While studying the influence of the parameters, characterizing heat removal from the working medium of the chamber, on operational characteristics of the experimental installation, the values of the amperage supplied to the thermoelectric module were being varied from 1.4 to 4.2 A, as well as the degree of chamber adiabaticity was being altered by changing the number of extruded polystyrene foam plates 20 mm thick in the build-up chamber cover from one to 3. The dynamics of the working medium temperature change depending on the amperage supplied to the thermoelectric module is illustrated by graph dependencies. As a result of data processing by constructing the second order orthogonal central composition plan the adequate regression equation was received for the cooling process and the thermo stating of the climate chamber working medium and the conclusion on a rational number of the chamber cover plates (which equals 3) was made. It was found out that upon increasing the amperage supplied to the thermoelectric module and using a three-plate cover the experimental chamber working medium temperature is varied from –2ºC to 11ºC, this can be applied for cooling and thermo stating various objects including biological raw materials of both animal and plant origin as well as non-food objects.
Study of Fatty-acid Composition of Goat and Sheep Milk and Its Transformation in the Production of Yogurt
Authors: Voblikova Tatiana , Permyakov Anatoly , Rostova Antonina , Masyutina Galina , Eliseeva Anastasia
Published: January 2020

The information on the structure of fatty acids is crucial for the production and promotion of goat and sheep milk in the manufacture of dairy products. The fatty-acid profile of milk fat can affect the nutritional value and market value of dairy products. The purpose of the research is to study the properties of fatty-acid composition of goat and sheep milk and its transformation in the process of yogurt production. The study of fatty-acid composition was performed using the method of gas chromatography. The milk of goats of Zaanen breed and sheep of North Caucasian breed, as well as yogurt produced from a mixture of goat and sheep milk in a ratio of 1:1 have become the objects of the study. It was found that goat’s milk contains 12% less saturated fatty acids than sheep’s milk. Oleic, stearic and palmitic acids are the main fatty acids found in the fat phase of milk and yogurt production. Changes in the concentration of individual fatty acids during milk processing and in the period of yogurt storage were noted. As a result of maturation and seven-day storage, the amount of saturated fatty acids in yogurt increased by 5% compared to the original milk mixture. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in yogurt decreased by 19.27 %. The highest ratio value of hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids was noted in goat milk. It is proved that goat milk is characterized by the most acceptable fatty acid composition in terms of healthy nutrition and prevention of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. A tendency to reduce the amount of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with a simultaneous increase in the content of saturated fatty acids is noted in the process of yogurt production and storage. It was found that the production of yogurt with the use of goat’s milk in the mixture allows reducing the values of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices. The results of the study provide an information basis for the production of qualitatively new fermented milk drinks with a fatty-acid profile favorable for human health.
Exploration of Northern Commercial Fishing Area Resources and Sustainable Use Challenges and Ways to Resolve them
Authors: Shchetinskiy Vsevolod , Petrov Boris
Published: January 2020

The present article is based on the review of the current patent, scientific and technical sources. It indicates the main challenges of fishing industry in the North-West Russia with the Murmansk Region taken as an example. The basic fishing techniques, being employed by the local fishing companies, are considered. The article defines the main challenges of the Northern commercial fishing area resources exploration and sustainable use. It substantiates the necessity to increase the share of fishing tools with better selectivity. It is concluded that the raw-materials supply crisis is likely to set in the fish processing industry. The article analyses the existing methods of processing applied to the underutilized fishing grounds. It reveals a correlation between the intensiveness of research applied to specific fishing grounds and the consumer demand availability and scope. It is concluded that predominantly research is made with regard to the use of underutilized species for production of dietary supplements and components which alter some food properties. The article substantiates the necessity to use the non-conventional hydrobiont species for food production, based on the consumer demand data. A study of the main standards has been performed with regard to regulation of the hydrobiont catching issues. The article reviews the underutilized species of the Northern commercial fishing area which are most prospective from the production and processing point of view. It concludes with the prospects of the proposed option for the fishing industry development and its probable impact on the development of coastal infrastructure and of the whole region.
Mathematical Model of Forest Fire Soil-thrower Movement
Authors: Dornyak Olga , Bartenev Ivan , Drapalyuk Mikhail , Stupnikov Dmitry , Malyukov Sergey , Pozdnyakov Evgeny
Published: January 2020

The design of a forest fire soil-thrower made to prevent and eliminate ground forest fires is presented. A mathematical model of machine movement has been developed, which enables to study the laws of the interaction process of the design with the soil. It is accepted that the machine has two degrees of freedom. The mathematical model has been obtained using the Lagrange equations of the second kind. The design and technological parameters of the forest fire soil-throwing machine, affecting the efficiency of its work, including mass and width of the grip of the ripper casing, mass, radius and frequency of rotation of the milling tool, the number and geometric parameters of the blades are taken into account. Mathematical model enables to determine the effect of these parameters on the characteristics of the movement of ripper casing and milling working body. A mathematical model is needed to synchronize the translational motion of the unit and the rotational motion of the rotor. Formulas have been obtained for the steady motion of the forest fire soil-thrower, that determine the hauling power of tractor and torque that ensures the operation of milling tools.