bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elucidating the Role of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Hepatocellular carcinoma: From Single-Cell Analysis to Prognostic Biomarkers
Authors: Luo Rui , Lei Wenjie , Wang Xiaohong , Shi Xiaomin , Peng Jieyu , Chen Qi , Li Shiqi , Zhang Wei , Shi Lei , Peng Yan , Huang Shu , Tang Xiaowei
Published: November 2024

Background
The function of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still elusive. We aimed to explore the predictive value and immuno-therapeutic responses of LLPS-related signature (LLPSRS) in HCC.
Methods
In our study, we delved into the characteristics of LLPS at multiple omics levels. By utilizing single-cell and transcriptome analysis, we applied the lasso-cox to identify LLPSRS. In order to enhance the practicality of LLPSRS, we established and externally validated a LLPSRS nomogram, providing a quantitative prognostic tool for HCC patients. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanism of LLPSRS according to transcriptome, genomic, and single-cell levels, revealing important connections between LLPSRS, HCC prognosis, and immune landscape. Finally, we examined the different responses of the risk subgroups to immune checkpoint inhibitors and their sensitivity to major LLPSRS targeted drugs.
Results
Using TCGA data and LASSO-COX regression analysis, A risk-predictive scoring model for 9 LLPSRS was developed. The high-risk group exhibited notably lower overall survival compared to the low-risk group. High AUC values from time-dependent ROC curves demonstrated the model's robust performance. A nomogram that integrated the risk score and clinical features showed excellent prognostic ability. GO and KEGG analyses identified the potential pathways of the gene signature. The LLPSRS signature's associations with clinicopathological characteristics, tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy response, and chemotherapy sensitivity underscored its significant clinical relevance.
Conclusion
This model accurately predicts the outcomes of HCC patients and uncovers the potential mechanisms of LLPSRS in HCC, and paves the new avenues for personalized treatment and immuno-therapy development.
Estimating the decadal-scale climate predictability limit using optimal local dynamic analogues
Authors: Li Ruize , Li Jianping , Hou Zhaolu , Sun Ruipeng , Zhen Shixin , Song Houbin
Published: November 2024

Accurately estimating decadal predictability limits (PLs) is essential for advancing long-term climate predictions and understanding decadal-scale variability. This study combines the optimal local dynamic analog (OLDA) algorithm with the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent (NLLE) method to estimate decadal PLs of oceanic and atmospheric variables, using long-term reanalysis datasets. Results demonstrate that the OLDA algorithm can enhance identification of analog states and improve PL estimation. The decadal PLs of sea surface temperature (SST) show regional and seasonal differences, with zonal mean values ranging from 8 to 17 years, and higher values in boreal summer and autumn, especially in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Ocean. Sea level pressure (SLP) decadal PLs range from 8 to 11 years, exhibiting patchy distribution and seasonal variation. The global mean PL of SLP reaches about 10 years in boreal spring and 9 years in other seasons. SLP and SST PL distributions differ across seasons, reflecting the complexity of ocean-atmosphere interactions. Decadal PLs of major climate modes were also estimated, e.g., decadal PL of the SST Inter-Hemispheric Dipole (SSTID) is ~ 17 years, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) ~ 14 years, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) ~ 13 years, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) ~ 16 years, Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM) ~ 11 years, and Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) ~ 15 years. These modes display distinct predictability patterns and seasonal variations, highlighting their unique roles in regional climate dynamics. These findings enhance our understanding of decadal-scale predictability.
Experimental Study on the Shear Strength and Durability of Microbial-Consolidated Silty Sand under Low pH Conditions
Authors: Cui Guangqin , Zhang Hang , Ma Chenguang , Zhang Xiaoli , Shao Hong
Published: November 2024

Addressing the issue of uneven distribution of calcium carbonate during soil solidification using Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) technology, an experimental study was conducted on the distribution of calcium carbonate in microbial-solidified soil samples using a low-pH single-phase grouting method. Through orthogonal experiments, the optimal culture conditions were determined as follows: pH = 3, OD600 = 4, and CS = 2 mol/L. Based on this optimal grouting scheme, the distribution of calcium carbonate in microbial-solidified soil samples, as well as the changes in sample strength and durability, were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests were also conducted to observe the microstructure characteristics of the solidified samples. The results indicate that the low-pH single-phase grouting method contributes to promoting a more uniform distribution of calcium carbonate during the microbial reaction process. Compared to the two-phase grouting method, the internal friction angle of samples solidified using the low-pH single-phase grouting method increased by 17.9%, and the cohesive force increased by 46.3%. In immersion tests, the final mass loss rate of samples solidified with the low-pH single-phase grouting method decreased by 16.13%, and the strength loss decreased by 21.1%. In dry-wet cycling tests, the final mass loss rate of samples solidified with the low-pH single-phase grouting method decreased by 13.8%, and the strength loss decreased by 16.9%.
Traditional Chinese medicine treatment based on inflammation regulation of ischemic stroke alternative therapy
Authors: Li Menghan , Ran Dawei , Zhang Yuan , Yang Xinming , ding ran , Wang Yu , Song Xiaoli , Zhu qian , Li guiping , Li Linhui
Published: November 2024

Background
Stroke is the main cause of disability and cognitive impairment. The acute phase of stroke lasts for about 7 days, which is characterized by the infiltration of immune cells into the brain parenchyma, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the promotion of classical activation of these cells. The infiltration of inflammatory cells greatly increased the infarct size and neurological deficits in ischemic stroke model mice, exacerbating neurological dysfunction.
Patients and methods:
An inflammation-related disease model was established in the stroke disease cohort to classify disease inflammation and evaluate biomarkers. The predictive value of inflammation labels in stroke has also been further verified in multiple stroke disease cohorts. Through machine learning methods, we also identified the core targets of stroke-related inflammation and disease inflammation classification.
Results
In this study, the genes collected from previous studies were defined as stroke inflammatory markers. In stroke patients, two inflammatory-related subtypes were identified for which immune characteristics and pathological mechanism stratification were significantly different
Conclusion
We used machine learning to explore the relationship between inflammation-related genes and immune microenvironment in stroke patients. Through machine learning, we identified eight core genes (NRBP1, SIRT1, BDNF, MAPK3, CREB1, CXCL2, IL10RA, CCL20) for the first time. Subsequently, based on these genes, we divided the stroke patient samples into two clusters, and clarified the significant immune-related differences between stroke patients in different clusters.
The value of CA199 and MRI features in the preoperative differential diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in periampullary carcinoma.
Authors: Zhao Peng-Ju , Li Zhi-Yu , Bi Xin-Yu , Zhang Ye-Fan , Xu Bo-Wen , Wei Zhi-Cheng , Ye Feng , Chang Jian-Ping
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To explore the value of laboratory serum markers and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）features in the preoperative differential diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in periampullary carcinoma (PAC).
Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 105 PAC patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, including 33 cases of PDAC (observation group) and 72 cases of non-PDAC (control group),with 25 cases of ampullary cancer, 38 cases of distal bile duct cancer, and 9 cases of periampullary duodenal cancer, was conducted. Laboratory serum markers, MRI features, and pathological diagnosis data were compared between the two groups to analyze the value of laboratory serum markers and MRI features for differential diagnosis of PDAC within PAC.
Results: Compared to the control group, the observation group had higher proportions in total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, carcinoembryonic antigen（CEA）, carbohydrate antigen 199（CA199), quadruple duct sign, biliopancreatic junction angle, main pancreatic duct diameter, pancreatic head side branch duct dilatation, and hypovascular mass in pancreatic head, consistency of imaging and pathology diagnosis, nerve invasion (p<0.05). But the common bile duct diameter is smaller in the observation group (p<0.05). The sensitivities of CA199, main pancreatic duct diameter, dilatation of the accessory pancreatic duct in the head, and focal hypovascular mass in PDAC within PAC are 53.8%, 51%, 84.6%, and 81.1%, respectively; the specificities are 81.8%, 87%, 86.1%, and 95.6%, respectively; and the areas under the ROC curve are 0.74, 0.749, 0.806, and 0.906, respectively.
Conclusion: In the preoperative diagnosis of PAC, CA199, main pancreatic duct diameter, focal hypovascular mass in the pancreatic head, and dilatation of the accessory pancreatic duct are effective indicators for distinguishing PDAC.
Comparing the maternal and neonatal outcomes in vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women against COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gholami Zahra , Mohseni Maryam , Nasab Pouran Allahbakhshi
Published: November 2024

Background
After the emergence of the COVID-19 disease due to the limited number of studies on vaccination of pregnant mothers and the fact that the vaccine used in Iran has been different from the ones employed in other countries, this study aimed to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in vaccinated and unvaccinated women against COVID-19.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study was done in the comprehensive healthcare centers of Rafsanjan city. First, the contact information of expectant mothers who were pregnant from 22th June 2021 to 22th December 2021 was extracted using Iran's integrated health care system (SIB); then during a phone call, the required information in was registered in a checklist. Out of 969 pregnant women, after checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 610 subjects were included in the study. Out of this number, 330 had not been vaccinated, while the rest had received inactivated COVID-19 vaccine before or during pregnancy. The maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software and one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA), Tukey multiple comparison, Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression.
Results
The results of this study revealed that vaccination against COVID-19 in pregnant women significantly increased the probability of jaundice in the neonate (P < 0.05), but the miscarriage rate in these women was significantly lower (P < 0.05). No adverse outcomes were observed such as high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, maternal hospitalization, maternal infection with COVID-19, premature delivery, premature rupture of the amniotic sac, perinatal death, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and low birth weight.
Conclusions
COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women is recommended to prevent from adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.
Evaluating oxidative stress targeting treatments in in vitro models of preeclampsia
Authors: Afrose Dinara , Johansen Matt D. , Nikolic Valentina , Orlic Natasa Karadzov , Mikovic Zeljko , Stefanovic Milan , Cakic Zoran , Hansbro Philip M. , McClements Lana
Published: November 2024

Background
Preeclampsia is a complex pregnancy disorder characterized by the new onset of hypertension and organ dysfunction, often leading to significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a critical factor in preeclampsia pathogenesis, particularly through its detrimental effects on trophoblast cells. This study explores the role of oxidative stress in trophoblast cell-based preeclampsia models and evaluates potential therapeutic strategies that can target these mechanisms.
Methods
Uric acid (UA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured in human plasma from women with preeclampsia (n = 24) or normotensive controls (n = 14) using colorimetric assays. Custom-made first trimester trophoblast cell line, ACH-3P, was exposed to various preeclampsia-like stimuli including hypoxia (dimethyloxalylglycine or DMOG, 1mM), inflammation (TNF-α, 10ng/ml) or mitochondria dysfunction agent, Rhodamne-6G (Rho-6G, 1 µg/ml), ± aspirin (0.5mM), metformin (0.5mM), AD-01 (100nM) or resveratrol (15 µM), for 48 h. Following treatments, proliferation assay (MTT), wound scratch assay, cytometric bead assay to measure inflammation and Western blotting to determine FKBPL expression, were performed. UA and MDA concentrations were also measured in cell lysates.
Results
UA and MDA plasma concentrations were increased in preeclampsia compared to healthy controls using patient samples (UA: p = 0.06; MDA: p < 0.001); when adjusted for differences in gestational age for sample collection, MDA remained (P < 0.001) whereas UA became (p = 0.03) significantly correlated with preeclampsia. Our 2D first trimester trophoblast cell-based in vitro model, mimic the increase in UA concentration following treatment with DMOG (p < 0.0001), TNF-α (p < 0.05) or Rho-6G (p < 0.001) whereas the increase in MDA concentration was only present with DMOG (P < 0.0001) and Rho-6G (p < 0.001). Metformin was able to abrogate Rho-6G- (p < 0.0001) or TNF-α- (p < 0.01) induced increase in UA, or DMOG-induced increase in MDA (p < 0.0001). AD-01 abrogated UA increase with TNF-α (p < 0.001), and MDA increase with Rho-6G (p < 0.001). The preeclampsia-like stimuli also mimicked adverse impact on trophoblast cell proliferation, migration and inflammation, most of which were restored with either aspirin, metformin, resveratrol, or AD-01.
Conclusions
Our 2D in vitro models of preeclampsia recapitulate aspects of inappropriate placental development in preeclampsia and demonstrate therapeutic potential of repurposed treatments.
Graduation from Poverty Condition of HAOR (Seasonal Wetland) People of Bangladesh: Simultaneous Effects of Microcredits, SSNPs, Flood and COVID-19
Authors: Hossain Md Zakir , Majumder Roushni Rafa
Published: November 2024

Background
The HAOR region, a 19,998 sq. km wetland ecosystem in Bangladesh's northeastern region, is renowned for its rich fishing, biodiversity, and boro-rice cultivation. However, its people are poorer due to wet monsoon seasonality and most of them opted for microcredits to meet the food insecurity situation. The study aims to investigate how poverty reduction is impacted concurrently by microcredits, social safety net programs (SSNPs), flash floods, and COVID-19.
Methods
Following a cross-sectional study design, primary data were gathered from 634 beneficiaries and 273 non-beneficiary households across 30 rural clusters in the HAOR region of Bangladesh. Using multiple binary logistic regression models, the study assessed the effects of microcredits, SSNPs, floods, and COVID-19 on poverty conditions.
Results
The hardcore poverty status of the study households was estimated based on the severe and moderate food insecurity conditions. It was found that 32.08% of households were poor (hardcore) in 2022, while it was 37.10% in 2019. According to the separate models, microcredit and SSNPs had a favorable effect on non-poverty conditions, raising non-poverty status for families receiving SSNPs and microcredit by 43% and 73%, respectively. Floods and COVID-19, on the other hand, had a detrimental effect on the graduation from hardcore poverty. According to the combined model, there was a substantial impact of microcredit status, flood catastrophes, and COVID-19 on non-poverty status. Microcredit increases the chance of not being impoverished by 58%, whereas flood and COVID-19 decrease it by 35% and 41%, respectively. It was also shown that whereas the SSNP receiving status was significant in the individual model, it was insignificant in the combined model.
Conclusion
Microcredit and SSNP can reduce the poverty of the residents of the Haor region of Bangladesh and policymakers should increase accessibility and widespread implementation of these initiatives along with resistance to flash floods.
Comparison of the Effect of Aligned and Lateral Offset Detectors on the Artifacts from Metallic Materials in the Exomass in CBCT imaging
Authors: vasegh zahra , shirian amirali , valizadeh solmaz , safi yaser , ghaffari katayoun
Published: November 2024

Background.
This study aims to compare aligned and lateral offset cone beam computed tomography detectors, regarding the artifact that is produced by metallic objects in exomass.
Methods.
In this in vitro experimental study, four CBCT devices were used, two with lateral offset detector and two with aligned detectors, in order to scan the phantom (human skull). To create the exomass, metallic objects (titanium implants, teeth with cobalt-chromium intracanal post and porcelain fused to metal crown, and teeth with amalgam buildup) were placed in three different sides in maxilla (socket of right 3rd molar, left 3rd molar, and both 3rd molars), outside the field of view. A polypropylene tube containing dipotassium phosphate was placed in the socket of right canine to represent the alveolar bone. CBCT scans were taken with canine inside the FOV. With the use of OnDemand software, circles with a 1.5 mm diameter were selected as the region of interest at the center of the tube on 10 axial planes. The mean gray value and standard deviation of ROIs were calculated (P > 0.05) by Weighted three-way Anova and Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test.
Results.
Detector (P-value = 0.000) and position (P-value = 0.000) had statistically significant effect on mean gray value, while the effect of object was not significant. Object (P-value = 0.000) and position (P-value = 0.03) had statistically significant effect on gray value standard deviation, while detector was not significant.
Conclusions.
Since Lateral offset detectors create more artifact, it is suggested to use aligned detector in the presence of numerous metallic objects. Also, since same side metallic objects create more artifact compared to opposite side, it could be recommended to use aligned detectors in these instances.
Impact of environmental factors and climate conditions on the occurrence of Vibrio and Shewanella infections in Norway, 2014 – 2018
Authors: Salamanca Beatriz Valcarcel , King Andrew Luke , Deininger Anne , Hyllestad Susanne , Macdonald Emily , Naseer Umaer , Amato Ettore
Published: November 2024

Background
Vibrio and Shewanella spp. (VS) are climate-sensitive bacteria found in marine environments, which sometimes cause severe human infections. VS infections have risen globally, particularly in Northern Europe. In this study, we aimed to describe the epidemiology of VS infections in Norway and to explore marine environmental factors and climate conditions as predictors for public health responses.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of VS infections reported in Norway from 2014 to 2018. Epidemiological data were collected through a nationwide survey of public health microbiology laboratories. Environmental data, including seawater temperature (SWT), salinity (SWS), atmospheric temperature (AT), and rainfall (RF), were obtained from Norwegian public monitoring systems. Negative binomial regression adapted for time-series data was used to estimate the short-term effect of marine environmental factors and climate conditions on the number of VS cases.
Results
A total of 303 VS infections were reported with most cases (63%) occurring in the Southeast region of Norway. SWT, SWS, and AT showed significant correlations with VS cases, with a gradual non-linear increase in VS risk for seawater temperature above 13°C [RR 1.60; CI(95%):1.02,2.8]. A 1-month lag effect was observed with increased SWT and AT predicting VS cases. No significant association was found for RF at the national level, but regional differences were observed.
Conclusions
VS infections in Norway are influenced by marine environmental factors and climate conditions. Validation of existing real-time models adapted to the regional conditions could enhance early public health responses to inform preventive measures for the at-risk population in Norway.
Factors associated with burnout, compassion fatigue, and moral distress among emergency nurses: A cross-sectional snapshot
Authors: Alshammari Salman Amish , Alsulami Amal , an Eddieson Pasay , Alshammari Ayedh , Pangket Petelyne , Alrashidi Maha Sanat , Cabansag Dolores , Alkubati Sameer , Mostoles Romeo , Lagura Grace Ann , Saguban Reynita , Rondilla Evalynn , Gonzales Analita
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Emergency nurses are particularly vulnerable to burnout, fatigue, and moral distress because of the demanding nature of their work. This study aimed to determine the significant predictors of burnout, compassion fatigue, and moral distress among emergency nurses with the goal of developing effective interventions to support their well-being and improve patient care.
Methods
A cross-sectional design was used to collect data using a Google Form questionnaire. A total of 290 Emergency Nurses from four government hospitals in Hail City, Saudi Arabia participated in this study. Data were collected between May and June 2024.
Results
Younger nurses (under 30 years old) experienced significantly higher levels of burnout (β = -0.803, p < 0.001), compassion fatigue (β = -25.577, p < 0.001), and moral distress (β = -2.381, p = 0.024). Male nurses reported notably higher levels of burnout (β = -6.532, p < 0.001) and moral distress (β = -71.073, p < 0.001) than female nurses. Nurses with less than 5 years of experience were more likely to suffer from burnout (β = -5.071, p < 0.001) and compassion fatigue (β = -32.234, p < 0.001). Night shift work (11 PM to 7 AM) was associated with higher levels of burnout (β = 3.151, p = 0.034), compassion fatigue (β = -35.021, p < 0.001), and moral distress (β = 58.509, p < 0.001). Higher education (master's degree) was associated with higher levels of moral distress (β = 181.996, p < 0.001). Social support was associated with lower levels of burnout (β = -8.726, p < 0.001) and compassion fatigue (β = -31.341, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Younger age, male sex, less experience, night shift work, and inadequate social support emerged as significant predictors of burnout, compassion fatigue, and moral distress among emergency nurses. These constructs are interconnected, with high levels of one often leading to higher levels of others. To improve the health and well-being of emergency nurses, interventions should prioritize adequate workload management, stress reduction techniques, enhanced social support, targeted educational programs, and organizational support. Future research should explore the long-term impact of these stressors on nurses' health and patient outcomes, as well as the efficacy of specific interventions in mitigating burnout, compassion fatigue, and moral distress.
Kirners deformity – A systematic review and surgery recommendations
Authors: Fülling Tim , Baade Carsten , Dragu Adrian , Nicklas Antek
Published: November 2024

Background: Kirner deformity is a rare anomaly of the little finger in adolescents, characterized by a deformity of the distal phalanx and a radiologically L-shaped epiphysis, along with palmar and radial angulation of the distal phalanx. Due to the rarity of these pathological findings, there are no systematic literature reviews available. This work serves as an overview of the clinical presentation, frequency and age distributions, as well as possible conservative and surgical treatment options.
Methods: We present five cases of patients with Kirner’s deformity of the little finger who underwent surgical treatment. A partial tenotomy of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon from the metaphyseal/diaphyseal distal phalanx was performed. In one case, a dorsal epiphysiodesis was also carried out.
Additionally, a systematic review of the literature on Kirner’s deformity was conducted, summarizing the prevalence, previously used surgical treatment options, and epidemiological data.
Results: In the presented cases, the detachment of the FDP tendon and dorsal epiphysiodesis resulted in a good functional and aesthetic outcome. Regarding the epidemiological distribution of Kirner deformity, it is noted that significantly more females are affected than males (63% vs. 36%). The average age at presentation in the respective clinic was 9.36 years (± 2.5). In more than half of all reported cases, the deformity was bilateral. Surgical intervention was performed in only 7.4% of cases, which included FDP detachment or corrective osteotomies. More than 90% of patients were treated conservatively.
Conclusion: Kirner’s deformity is a rare condition affecting adolescents. In cases where functional limitations or pain symptoms are present, we recommend surgical intervention via detachment of the FDP tendon. If the deformity is an incidental finding without functional or aesthetic limitations, conservative therapy with a corrective splint can be initiated. From our perspective, early surgical treatment before the age of 12 improves both the long-term functional and aesthetic outcomes.
Making Room for Friction: Boundary crossing in General Practitioners Residency
Authors: Meljes Iris , Irene A Slootweg , Maartje E.D. Bogaard , Anneke W.M. Kramer , Nierkens Vera
Published: November 2024

Patient care is compromised when residents cannot use and connect knowledge and skills developed in multiple learning environments. Although efforts are made in postgraduate medical education (PGME) to align learning environments, the nature of learning in the workplace through patient care is fundamentally different from learning in a classroom at an educational institute. Residents perceive these learning environments as separate, non-overlapping worlds. However, residents' efforts to cross boundaries and connect multiple learning environments can provide important learning experiences and contribute to innovation. In this study, we investigated which learning mechanisms general practice (GP) residents use when crossing boundaries between the workplace and the educational institute. Understanding how residents cross these boundaries can facilitate connecting multiple learning and working environments. This can help innovate postgraduate medical education, considering ongoing societal changes and medical advances. We conducted a case study based on 3 cohorts of residents from an innovative GP residency program. This program included classroom-based and work-based training. Data were collected through individual interviews, focus groups, and activity logs between 2017 and 2021, and analyzed thematically. We identified four learning mechanisms that residents developed and used cumulatively. The first learning mechanisms are associated with friction and frustration, which must be overcome before residents can develop the next learning mechanism. Addressing friction and frustration in GP residency programs, along with providing adequate time and opportunities for peer collaboration, seems to facilitate the development of strategies to connect different learning environments. Furthermore, our study provides a basis for further research on how initial frustrations in connecting multiple learning environments can be used to benefit residents' development as professionals and lifelong learners.
Research on the Construction Method of the MCNN-LSTM-SVM Fusion Model for Thermal Error of the Precision Boring Machine Feed Axis with Small Samples
Authors: Yang Jun , Chao Zeng , Yang Murong Yang , Chao Wang Meng , Han Lei Mo , Qiao Liu Shi
Published: November 2024

The thermal error samples of the machine tool feed system are limited and highly nonlinear, making it difficult for a single prediction model to accurately predict thermal errors under complex operating conditions. To improve prediction accuracy, this paper proposes a thermal error modeling method based on a fusion model of MCNN-LSTM-SVM tailored for small samples, combining deep learning with traditional machine learning algorithms. A Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network (MCNN) and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) work in parallel to extract the spatial and temporal features of thermal characteristic data, respectively, addressing the issues of insufficient spatial feature extraction by single-scale convolutional networks and feature loss caused by serial processing of convolutional networks and LSTM. Additionally, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) is introduced to replace the regression neural network layer for thermal error prediction, enhancing the prediction accuracy of small sample data. Experimental results demonstrate that the fusion model significantly outperforms CNN-LSTM, CNN, LSTM, and SVM in terms of RMSE, MAE, and Maximum Error (E-max), with a thermal error reduction approaching 75%. This provides an important reference for the application of this fusion model in thermal error compensation.
Discovering a safer drug candidate from Tribulus terrestris for the management of erectile dysfunction through integrated in-silico studies
Authors: Vishwakarma Riya , Koshy Abel John , Kalath Haritha , Ramakrishnan Krishnapriya , John Anish , Soman Sowmya , Raju Rajesh , Rehman Niyas , Revikumar Amjesh
Published: November 2024

Conventional pharmacological therapies for erectile dysfunction (ED) primarily rely on PDE5 inhibitors such as Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil, and Avanafil. While effective, these medications are reported to have side effects, especially among young men. Traditionally, plant-derived formulations with natural aphrodisiac potential have been used to treat ED, but they lack scientific validation. This study evaluates the efficacy of bioactive compounds from Tribulus terrestris in inhibiting the PDE5 enzyme located in the penile tissues, specifically smooth muscles of the corpus cavernosum. By selectively targeting PDE5, these compounds could effectively manage ED. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the phytochemicals from T. terrestris provides valuable insights into their suitability as drug candidates. The binding affinities of these phytochemicals with PDE5 were evaluated using in-silico approaches such as molecular docking and simulations. The top three phytochemicals from T. terrestris, Diosgenin,dehydro (-11.1 kcal/mol), Ruscogenin (-11.1 kcal/mol), and Hecogenin (-10.3 kcal/mol) showed higher negative binding affinities with the PDE5 enzyme, better than the control drug, Sildenafil (-8.8 kcal/mol). Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions were the predominant forces influencing the interactions formed in the protein-ligand complexes. The ΔGbind binding free energy for the top three phytochemicals, Diosgenin,dehydro, Ruscogenin and Hecogenin was found to be -19.99 ± 5.99 kcal/mol, -9.05 ± 5.16 kcal/mol, -14.11 ± 5.33 kcal/mol, respectively. Among the three, Diosgenin,dehydro, a saponin obtained from T. terrestris, is showing higher negative binding affinity and therefore is identified as a promising candidate for PDE5 inhibition, promoting prolonged erections by delaying the degradation of cGMP and preventing penile venous drainage. Pharmacokinetic analysis and toxicity assessments support their potency to be safer and effective alternatives to synthetic drugs. Furthermore, clinical validations are warranted to confirm their efficacy in humans.
The role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis during embryonic lymphatic vascular development
Authors: Dierkes Cathrin , Hägerling René , Fabritus Lauriane , Shayan Raheleh R. , Orlich Michael M. , Nibbs Rob , Nagasawa Takashi , de Pavert Serge A. van , Kiefer Friedemann
Published: November 2024

Tyrosine kinase receptors and their cognate ligands are critical regulators of vascular endothelial cell proliferation and survival. However, less is known about the ability of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily and their ligands to selectively shape the lymphatic vasculature in specific vessel beds or organs. The recently emerging roles of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 in the formation of the cardiac and dermal arterial hierarchic vasculature, tip cell migration and lymph vessel guidance in mouse and zebrafish prompted us to revisit a potential function of the chemokine / receptor pair CXCL12 / CXCR4 during mouse lymphatic vessel development. We report here that the CXCL12 / CXCR4 axis is dispensable for the formation of the first primordial lymphatic structures, however, loss of Cxcr4 resulted in subtle differences in cell positioning during the formation of the dual contacts between the primordial thoracic duct (pTD) and the common cardinal vein and morphological changes in the nascent dermal lymphatics. We conclude that the CXCL12 / CXCR4 axis contributes to morphogenetic processes during fetal dermal lymphangiogenesis, but is dispensable for the initiation of lymphatic vessel development.
Hybrid Input Shaping and Hierarchical Sliding Mode Control Design for Tower Crane
Authors: Tong Thi Ly , Pham Vu Khanh , Duong Minh Duc
Published: November 2024

During trolley translation along the jib and jib rotation, a tower crane with an underactuated drive system can cause a considerable amount of sway to the payload. A number of studies have been performed to address this issue, with particular attention being paid to the use of sliding mode control (SMC), which has demonstrated effectiveness in tracking position and reducing vibrations. Some side effects of relying solely on SMC, however, include chattering and saturation of input signals. Our paper proposes using a combination of feed-forward input shaping (IS) and sliding mode control to overcome the control problems associated with a tower crane. Hybrid Input Shaping and Hierarchical Sliding Mode Control can reduce not only payload vibration but chattering and control input as well. In addition, the controller's parameters can be determined using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to optimize a performance index. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller, experiments were conducted on a laboratory tower crane. Results showed that the hybrid IS-SMC structure has a similar response time as SMC, but the the total swing angle is reduced by 40%.
A Fused Deep Learning Approach to Transform Novel Drug Repositioning
Authors: Cao Dongsheng , Li Kun , Yi Jiacai , Ye Qing , Yang Xixi , Yu Long , Deng Youchao , Wu Chengkun , Hou Tingjun , Jiang Dejun
Published: November 2024

Drug repositioning holds significant promise for discovering new therapeutic applications of existing drugs, thereby accelerating drug development, reducing associated costs, and improving overall efficiency. However, current methodologies encounter difficulties in effectively managing diverse network representations, tackling cold start issues, and handling intrinsic attribute representations. In this study, we introduce UKEDR, a fused deep learning framework that seamlessly integrates knowledge graph embedding, sophisticated pre-training strategies, and recommendation systems to address these challenges in drug repositioning. In UKEDR, a straightforward yet effective semantic similarity-driven embedding approach that leverages both pre-trained embeddings and knowledge graph structure was proposed to overcome the intractable cold start issue. Our comprehensive evaluations reveal that UKEDR outperforms various state-of-the-art baselines, including classical machine learning, network-based and deep learning approaches. In a cold start scenario simulating real-world drug discovery, UKEDR achieves 24.2% higher AUPR compared to the latest state-of-the-art, highlighting its superior capability in handling unseen nodes and generalizing to novel compounds. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of UKEDR through repurposing case studies for various diseases such as falciparum malaria, prostate cancer and so on. Finally, model interpretability is enhanced through knowledge graph visualization, providing valuable insights into the drug repositioning process.
A Novel Empowered System for ISL Gesture Recognition
Authors: Sharma Durgesh M. , Qureshi Shahana G. , Gianey Hemant Kumar , Bhutada Kunika , Khune Sahil , Pillai Vinaykumar , Selokar Kushagra , Singabhatti Siddhesh , Gehani Hitesh , Shandilya Shishir Kumar , Bhanuse Roshan
Published: November 2024

In India, a large population is of hearing-impaired and vocal disabled. To provide them equality in society and to reduce their isolation in society an Indian Sign Language (ISL) for gesture recognition is highly required. This paper introduces an improved novel empowered system for ISL gesture recognition which can recognize accurately live videos including finger word spelling, and single-handed static and dynamic gestures. In the proposed system, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) approaches are incorporated to promptly identify the acknowledge and interpret ISL gestures. It also removes the communication barriers and fostering inclusiveness to improve the accuracy of the proposed system. Additionally, to improve the accuracy the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) approach is incorporated to extract hierarchical features from visual data, enabling precise and prompt sign language interpretation, and the Support Vector Machines (SVMs) approach is incorporated to optimize classification margins and handles high-dimensional data effectively. With a 91% accuracy rate for single-handed dynamic words and a 97% accuracy rate for finger spelling alphabets, the proposed method successfully detects both types of words. Experiment outcomes indicate that this method attains a higher recognition rate than various existing techniques.
Liver-related mortality in homeless-experienced adults over a 16-year period
Authors: Adams Logan , Dickins Kirsten , Lewis Elizabeth , Beiser Marguerite , Baggett Travis , Fine Danielle
Published: November 2024

Homeless-experienced adults have higher liver-related mortality than the general population. The objective of our study was to examine temporal liver-related mortality trends and assess cause-specific liver-related mortality disparities in a large cohort of homeless-experienced adults. We linked a cohort of 60,092 adults who received care at Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program (BHCHP) from 2003-2017 to Massachusetts death occurrence files spanning 2003-2018. We evaluated temporal trends in age-standardized liver-related mortality rates in comparison to the MA population. We identified the leading causes of liver-related death aggregated across the study period and compared these cause-specific mortality rates to the general population, reporting standardized mortality rate ratios (SRRs). Of the 7,130 deaths in the cohort, 652 (9.1%) were liver-related. Among liver-related decedents, the mean age at death was 55.7 years (SD 8.3); 517 (79.2%) were male and 399 (61.2%) were White. Liver-related mortality decreased on average 3.5% annually (95% CI: -6.6%, -0.3%), though remained significantly higher than the MA population throughout the study period. Leading causes of liver-related death were cirrhosis (n=157, SRR 3.2 [95% CI: 3.2, 3.3]), liver cancer (n=148, SRR 2.4 [95% CI: 2.4, 2.5]), alcohol-related liver disease (n=140, SRR 4.4 [95% CI: 4.3, 4.6]), and viral hepatitis (n=99, SRR 7.2 [95% CI: 6.9, 7.6]).Liver-related deaths are an important contributor to excess mortality among homeless-experienced adults. Efforts to reduce this disparity should address alcohol use disorder and viral hepatitis given their substantial contribution to the disparity of mortality in this population.
Wear behavior dominated by strain partitioning between retained austenite and α-Fe in bainitic steel
Authors: Chen Sida , Huang Qinyuan , Wu Fengshuai , Li Zulai , Shan Quan
Published: November 2024

The strains in α-Fe (bainite) and retained austenite (RA) exhibit an apparent discrepancy during deformation, namely strain partitioning, which can determine the tensile behavior of bainitic steels. Due to the involvement of plastic deformation and strain accumulation in the wear process, the strain partitioning phenomenon must be considered in the study of wear mechanisms. The impact wear tests results indicated that the wear behavior was strongly affected by strain partitioning between α-Fe and RA, and the initial hardness and work-hardening rate were not the main factors determining the wear resistance. The strain partitioning is closely related to the RA morphology tailored by isothermal processes, which was proved by in situ tensile test. The strain discrepancy between the continuous thin film RA and α-Fe was shown to be less significant. A smaller strain discrepancy alleviated stress concentration and minimized the occurrence of cracks and material spalling during wear. The strain discrepancy between blocky RA and α-Fe was shown to be greater. The high strain in blocky RA promoted the the strain induced transformation (SIT) effect and increased the work-hardening rate; however, it led to strain concentration on the worn surface and accelerated surface spalling.
Phototactic moth diversity (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) in Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India: A preliminary survey and checklist
Authors: Kumar Ram , Chaudhary Ram Ajeet , Arya Varun , Giri Gouri Shankar , Keval Ram , N Srinivasa , Raju SVS , Srivast Kartikeya
Published: November 2024

Survey activities were conducted over two years from 2022 to 2024 at the main campus of Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India to know and documented the species richness of moth’s diversity. The result of the survey activities results into collection, identification and documentation of a total of 112 months belongs to 89 genera of 9 families and 31 sub families. Members of the family Erebidae and Cramibidae shown dominance over other with 28 genera having 33 species and accounts for the 29.72 per cent of total moth diversity each. This was followed by Noctuidae (15.31 per cent: 17 species; 12 genera), Geometridae (12.61 per cent:14 species; 11 genera), Sphingidae (8.12 per cent:9 species; 5 genera) and others. The least species richness was observed in Eupteroidae, Nolidae, and Notodinidae which accounts for the 4.54 per cent of total moth diversity of the study area. Earlier studies that had been conducted during 2020 reported 99 month species belonging to 84 genera and 11 families. The current investigation documented 5 more genera but the number of families was reduced from 11 to 09. The activities compared the works that had been done earlier and aimed to find out the possible reasons for the increased or decreased in faunal diversity. Rapidly growing urbanisation, light and environmental pollution are some of the factors may be responsible for decline in moth diversity.
The Sustainability Performance of Maintenance 4.0 in The Indonesian Coal Mining Sector
Authors: Setyoko Ajun Tri , Saputra Bhetta Age , Kristiningrum Ellia , Nurcahyo Rahmat , Suryanegara Muhammad , Ali Imran
Published: November 2024

Coal mining in Indonesia plays a strategic role in meeting domestic and export energy needs. However, this increasing demand also brings sustainability challenges that require effective maintenance management, especially for heavy equipment such as dump trucks. Maintenance 4.0 is present as a digital technology-based maintenance solution, using the Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor the health condition of heavy equipment components. Maintenance 4.0 with IoT technology can also be used to predict future machine failures. This study aims to measure the sustainability performance of the implementation of maintenance 4.0 using Overall Sustainability Scores (OSS) at 15 coal mining locations in Indonesia, focusing on the use of dump trucks equipped with IoT technology. The results showed that overall sustainability scores in the coal mining sector was 0.712. The sustainability indicator with the highest value was cost reduction (spare parts and material costs) of 0.919. The sustainability indicator with the lowest value was overall efficiency (frequency of damage) of 0.615. These results indicate that the digital transformation towards maintenance 4.0 needs to be directed at the overall efficiency indicator. Increasing overall equipment efficiency by reducing the frequency of unexpected breakdowns can support sustainability goals by reducing the use of natural resources and extending the life of heavy equipment.
Confidence-Based Curricula for Multi-Agent Path Finding via Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Phan Thomy , Driscoll Joseph , Romberg Justin , Koenig Sven
Published: November 2024

A wide range of real-world applications can be formulated as Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem, where the goal is to find collision-free paths for multiple agents with individual start and goal locations. State-of-the-art MAPF solvers are mainly centralized and depend on global information, which limits their scalability and flexibility regarding changes or new maps that would require expensive replanning. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) offers an alternative way of addressing MAPF problems by learning decentralized policies that can generalize over a variety of maps. While there exist some prior works that attempt to connect both areas, the proposed techniques are heavily engineered and very complex due to the integration of many mechanisms that limit generality and are expensive to use. We argue that much simpler and more general approaches are needed to bring the areas of MARL and MAPF closer together with significantly lower costs. In this paper, we propose Confidence-based Auto-Curriculum for Team Update Stability (CACTUS) as a lightweight MARL approach to MAPF. CACTUS defines a simple reverse curriculum scheme, where the goal of each agent is randomly placed within an allocation radius around the agent's start location. The allocation radius increases gradually as all agents improve, which is assessed by a confidence-based measure. In addition, we propose an extension called Confidence- and Conflict-Based Curriculum Learning with Allocation Radius Adaptation (C3LARA), using weighted sampling of goal locations to improve conflict resolution in scenarios of high agent density. We provide a theoretical analysis of the strengths and limitations of CACTUS regarding exploration efficiency and multi-agent coordination. We evaluate CACTUS and C3LARA in various maps of different sizes, obstacle densities, and numbers of agents. Our experiments demonstrate better performance and generalization capabilities than state-of-the-art MARL approaches with less than 600,000 trainable parameters, which is less than 5% of the neural network size of current MARL approaches to MAPF.