bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto de la irradiación gamma sobre las características de calidad y la durabilidad de la papa alamacenada (Solanum tuberosum): Características de calidad y durabilidad de la papa irradiada y almacenada
Authors: Villacres Poveda Clara Elena
Published: April 2021

Se estimó la durabilidad de tres variedades de papa (chola, chaucha y ratona), con y sin irradiación gamma, almacenadas bajo condición de ambiente (12oC, 70% humedad relativa) y refrigeración (7oC, 70% humedad relativa), mediante análisis de sus características físico-químicas (materia seca, almidón, azúcares reductores, ácido ascórbico, intensidad respiratoria, medición de color y tamaño de los brotes). Se determinó una disminución de varios nutrientes y la intensidad respiratoria, mientras que otros componentes (materia seca y azucares reductores), así como algunas características físicas (diferencia de color y tamaño de los brotes) aumentaron con el tiempo de almacenamiento en cámara de maduración y en refrigeración. La variedad chola irradiada presentó mayor durabilidad en el almacenamiento en refrigeración, expresada en la mayor retención de humedad, menor contenido de azúcares reductores, menor pérdida de nutrientes e intensidad respiratoria y ausencia de brotes al final periodo de almacenamiento. Un comportamiento diferente presentó la variedad chaucha amarilla, sin tratamiento de irradiación y almacenada en cámara de maduración (12oC y 70% de humedad relativa), que presentó crecimiento de brotes a partir del quinto de almacenamiento, mayores pérdidas de nutrientes y degradación de las características físicas. La aplicación de la irradiación y refrigeración en forma combinada, ayudaron a extender la durabilidad de la papa hasta 44 días (ratona), 114 días (chaucha) y 106 días (chola).
CONTRIBUTION OF INDUCED MUTATION
Authors: Sarsu Fatma
Published: April 2021

Mutation breeding for crop improvement is a technique used for over 70 years. It is a fast way to increase the rate of spontaneous genetic variation in plants contributing to global food security. The genetic variability, created through mutagenesis i.e. physical or chemical, is an important breeding material for developing improved varieties and many studies in the field of functional genomics. The randomly generated heritable genetic changes are expressed in the mutant plants, which are selected for new and useful traits, such as high yielding, disease resistance, tolerance to abiotic stresses and improved nutritional quality. The technique helps to improve the tolerance of crop species to adverse climatic conditions, such as extremes of temperatures, drought, occurrence of pests and diseases. Through support provided by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division, significant agronomic and economic impact has been generated in many countries. The FAO/IAEA Mutant Variety Database (MVD) (http://mvd.iaea.org) demonstrates the significance of mutation induction as an efficient tool in crop improvement. The extensive use of induced mutant germplasms in crop improvement programmes resulted in releasing of more than 3,332 mutant varieties from around 228 crop species (20 July 2020).
Estimation Method of the State of 6-10 kV Distribution Network
Authors: Tavarov Saidjon Sh. , Sidorov Aleksandr I. , Valeev Rustam G. , Zykina Ekatirina V.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the state of the elements of 6-10 kV distribution electrical networks in Dushanbe, showing the excess of reliability and efficiency indicators of the considered electrical networks from the permissible 10% values. For the first time, the factors influencing the reliability indicators of 6-10 kV electrical distribution network elements in Dushanbe were identified and a mathematical model of networks for determining the state of 6-10 kV electrical distribution network elements in Dushanbe was proposed. On the basis of them, an algorithm for monitoring the state of the elements of 6-10 kV electrical distribution networks in Dushanbe is proposed, which makes it possible to evaluate the efficiency of 6-10 kV distribution electrical networks in terms of undersupply of electricity - ΔW.
Research on an Improved Single-Phase Unisolated Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverter
Authors: Zhang Baoge , Hong Deyu
Published: April 2021

An improved single-phase unisolated grid-connected photovoltaic inverter topology is proposed to solve the common mode leakage current problem of unisolated grid-connected photovoltaic inverters. By analyzing the topology structure and voltage clamping principle of the improved inverter, the topology can maintain the same low input voltage as the full-bridge inverter, and ensure that the common-mode voltage in the continuation mode is clamped to the midpoint voltage of the bus, so as to effectively reduce the common-mode leakage current caused by the common-mode voltage suspension in the continuation mode. Moreover, the common-mode leakage current of the improved topology is smaller than that of the traditional H6-2D topology at similar conversion efficiency. The simulation results on MATLAB /Simulink platform show that the topology is feasible and effective.
Design and Analyses of Multi-Carrier Pulse Width Modulation Techniques for Double Level Circuit Based Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Maheshwari Aneel Kumar , Mahar Mukhtiar Ahmed , Larik Abdul Sattar , Soomro Abdul Hameed
Published: April 2021

The paper introduces the cascaded H-Bridge multi-level inverter with single-phase arrangement connected series with full-bridge inverter and CHBMLI configuration integrated with Double level circuit is proposed to reduce the harmonic distortion to get high power quality. In the proposed configuration, a half-bridge inverter has been implemented to increase the output voltage waveform nearly twice as compared with the conventional Cascaded H-Bridge MLI. For high Power quality, the output voltage waveform with the reference of sinusoidal, the phase opposition disposition carrier arrangement has been utilized in PWM for producing gate pulse of switches. The high waveform of output voltage achieved with the less no of switches, less % THD distortion, less conduction and switching losses. The purposed symmetrical model of CHBMLI is successfully verified using MATLAB based on simulation with DLC configuration.
Pulse Width Modulation Switching Schemes for Two-Level Five-Phase Voltage Source Inverter
Authors: Gupta Shailesh Kumar , Khan MohdArif , Singh Omveer
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes pulse width modulation schemes for a two-level five-phase voltage source inverter. According to the literature, the generation of a pure sinusoidal waveform requires an (n-1) number of vectors for 'n' number of phases, so in a five-phase system, a minimum of four-vectors is needed to generate a sinusoidal waveform. The author uses only two large vectors in this paper for a five-phase voltage source inverter. Vector diagram, switching table, and switching waveform have presented for two adjacent large space vectors. The performance for each PWM scheme is analyze based on fundamental components and total harmonic distortion. In last, results have verified in the Simulink environment.
Applications of Nanomaterials for Water Quality Sustainability: Present Status and Future Trends
Authors: Adedoja Oluwaseye S.
Published: April 2021

The diversity of water pollution and the depletion of some water resources have continued to linger despite several governmental and non-governmental programmes, especially in developing countries for water quality sustainability. This problem has reduced potable water availability, and it has increased water-related diseases in these countries. These problems are severe, mostly, in drought prone areas where water supplies and treatments are still at an infant stage. Hence, researchers are proposing the application of nanomaterials for water treatment and desalination. However, nanomaterials can also turn to be water pollutants that can threaten the public health if handled carelessly. This study, therefore, presents the applications and implications of nanomaterials in relation to water treatment and water quality. The review results highlighted the state-of-the-art and prospects of nanomaterials for water desalination and water quality production.
Management of Gogo Rice Production in Realizing the Commercialization of Marginal Land Farming Households in Yogyakarta
Authors: Rini Wulandari Dwi Etika , Rahayu Endang Siti , Harisudin Mohamad , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: April 2021

The land is an important factor for people whose lives depend on the agricultural sector. The need for land for various uses has resulted in decreasing agricultural land which could have implications for decreasing food production. Alternative options which are expected to increase the potential for food production are the utilization of marginal land. Farmers with marginal land need to manage their production to meet household needs. So it is important to examine the marketable surplus, the level of commercialization, and the carrying capacity of marginal land. The research area was taken by purposive sampling method in Gunungkidul Yogyakarta. The samples taken were upland rice farmer households with the simple random sampling method. The marketable surplus analysis uses a marketable surplus formula, then the percentage is used to determine the level of farm commercialization. The carrying capacity analysis is carried out using the carrying capacity formula. The results showed that farmer households manage rice production by allocating an average of 59.1% for marketed and 40.9% for household consumption. The allocation of marketable surplus is greater than for household consumption, this shows that gogo rice farming households are towards commercially. The marginal land carrying capacity of 0.641 indicates that the land cannot be developed in an expansive and exploratory manner. The implication is in increasing upland rice production on marginal land, namely by an intensification of farming.
Statistical Analysis Based Survey of Indian Renewable Energy Scenario
Authors: Swarnkar Radhika , R Harikrishnan
Published: April 2021

Renewable energy is a solution for electricity generation for cleaner and green energy. The aim of this paper is to find the energy potential of India in terms of sources, per-capita energy consumption and the main potential consumers. Comparing consumption of fossil fuels and Renewable energy sources (RES) of India in 2019 and 2020 and finally to find whether there is any change in energy generation of two solar power plants in different geographical location of India with the help of independent t-test statistics. In this paper two statistical analysis are proposed. One is the statistical analysis of installed capacity, generation and consumption of fossil fuels and renewable energy in India. Other one is the statistical analysis of two solar power plants located at different geographical locations in India. From the statistical analysis it is found that, installed capacity of coal, RES and hydro is increased in 2020 as compared to 2019. Total demand in January 2020 is 2,77,140.33 MW whereas total installed capacity is 3,71,126 MW, this means that installed capacity is more but are not in running condition. From the statistical analysis of two independent solar power plants it is found that solar power plant-1 generates more energy but with high conversion loss hence poor efficiency.
La ciudadanía dentro de la sala de máquinas del constitucionalismo transformador latinoamericano
Authors: Roa Roa Jorge Ernesto
Published: April 2021

Este artículo discute las tesis sostenidas por Roberto Gargarella en los libros: La sala de máquinas de la Constitución y La justicia frente al gobierno. El objetivo común es demostrar que en América Latina existe una especie de constitucionalismo transformador. Esta forma de constitucionalismo se preocupa por hacer realidad los cambios y las promesas sociales que las constituciones hicieron a quienes habitan los países latinoamericanos. Desde el punto de vista del diseño institucional, para el constitucionalismo transformador es importante que los ciudadanos tengan el mayor acceso a los tribunales. Este es un pilar del cambio social por medio del derecho. Por esa razón, en el artículo también se demuestra que mecanismos como la acción pública de constitucionalidad son relevantes cuando se debate sobre los fundamentos democráticos del control de constitucionalidad en América Latina.
La inclusión en la teoría de la democracia de Roberto Gargarella. Preguntas sobre el principio de participación de todas las posibles afectadas en el caso Gelman vs. Uruguay
Authors: Alterio Ana Micaela
Published: April 2021

El artículo plantea algunas inquietudes sobre el análisis que Gargarella hace de la sentencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en el caso Gelman vs. Uruguay. Aceptando la idea principal de que las decisiones pueden gradarse según su legitimidad democrática, cuestiona que la Ley de Caducidad uruguaya haya sido legítima en un grado significativo y por tanto haya debido respetarse en su validez por la Corte Interamericana. Ello por cuanto la decisión no fue tomada por todas las personas posiblemente afectadas por la misma. Este principio normativo de inclusión es fundamental para la teoría de la democracia de Gargarella, sin embargo, no fue considerado en su análisis del caso. El artículo explora las consecuencias de tomarse en serio el principio de inclusión y los problemas prácticos que este apareja, en especial respecto de la constitución del demos. Finalmente, propone una alternativa de solución mediante la justicia constitucional/convencional, de acuerdo con un entendimiento procedimental de la misma basado en la participación, según lo pensó J. H. Ely.
Reflections on 'Performing' Canadian-ness as a way of 'Passing'
Authors: Alvi Saba
Published: April 2021

This reflective essay explores my family’s intergenerational experiences of belonging and exclusion in and through Canadian spaces. I share how my parents, first generation Canadians, navigated cultural and religious traditions in order to help their children “pass” as Canadians–meaning, performing “norms” of perceived “Canadian-ness” to fit in. For me, the implications of this resulted in tensions around my identity and self-worth. I unpack personal stories of residing within a “third space,” as a second generation Canadian who identifies as and is also visibly identified as, South Asian and Muslim. I close the essay by appealing to Derrida’s concept of “unconditional hospitality” as a pedagogical parenting and teaching tool to inform my own children’s multifaceted identities as Canadians.
And There They Rest
Authors: Ng-A-Fook Nicholas
Published: April 2021

Photographic image of snow covered vegetation next to a lake in winter called And There They Rest by Nicholas Ng-A-Fook (Nov. 23, 2020)
The Archer and the Pull of Migration
Authors: Lee Carol
Published: April 2021

A poem and illustration describing an early dawn in fall and a flock of wild geese in a typical vee formation that mirrors a notched arrow piercing the morning sky, an indication of their migration to warmer climes.
A Bird's Eye View: More-Than-Human Migrations
Authors: Lee Carol M.
Published: April 2021

With a focus on bird migrations, this essay seeks to understand Derrida’s (2000) concept of hospitality and its corollary, the relationship between guest and host, in the more-than-human world. The essay begins by considering the implications of migratory movement on the more-than-human “hosts” residing in both summer and winter habitats. It then considers how, depending on one’s perspective, migratory bird populations might be considered both guests and hosts simultaneously in/of two locals, and yet also foreigners as they move out, through, and into various territories. I use this three-part paradox to tease out subtle distinctions toward an understanding of hospitality in relation to both humans and more-than-human contexts. This essay also draws on key related concepts from Deleuze and Guattari (1987) and uses Barad’s (2007) diffractive methodology to understand the intersection of hospitality and migration in more-than-human and human landscapes.
Flowering Horizons
Authors: Ng-A-Fook Nicholas
Published: April 2021

A photographic image of white blossoms in front of a background of blue water by Nicholas-Ng-A-Fook, May 26,2020.
Contributor Biographies
Authors: Lee Carol
Published: April 2021

Biographies providing background information and interests of those who contributed to this special issue of CPI.
Evolution of Banking System in Albania
Authors: Zeneli Besarta , Bara Żaneta
Published: April 2021

The following article presents banking system in Albania in different aspects. The aim of this paper is to reveal the evolution of the banking system by highlighting the key points of this evolution and showing the major changes Albanian banking system witnessed in different periods. Part of this papers purpose is also the analyses of banking system by using concrete numbers to help the reader understand where does the banking system in Albania stand nowadays. The first part includes basic elements of Albanian banking system, its structure, functions, supervision and legal aspects. The second chapter is based on the evolution of the banking system by revealing chronologically the phases that this system went through before being able to operate in a freeway.To illustrate the situation where the Albanian banking system actually is and how this system operates there are placed graphics and tables prepared based on data from Bank of Albania, The Institute of Statistics and Ministry of Finance. The analysis is made referring a time period of five years, from 2010 to 2014. The results show that from year to year the economic situation is improved, but it still operates under the possible capacity. From the post-communist period to the actual year (2015) the number of banks has increased from three to sixteen banks indicating progress in banking system development. An obvious fact that shows the continual progress is the improvement of the central bank in every upcoming year from 2010 to 2014. Assets and liabilities increase each year of the given period reflecting an expansion of banks activity and its development.
A clinical case of cystic fibrosis patient with pathogenic N1303K genotype variant with assessment of the CFTR channel function by intestinal current measurement and forskolin-induced swelling in rectal organoids
Authors: Kondratyeva E. I. , Odinaeva N. D. , Sherman V. D. , Efremova A. S. , Melyanovskaya Yu. L. , Bulatenko N. V. , Bukharova T. B. , Goldshtein D. V.
Published: April 2021

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is a common monogenic disease related to pathogenic nucleotide sequence variants in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) (ABCC7) gene. The CFTR gene consists of 27 exons and is located in the 31.1 region on the long arm of chromosome 7 (7q31.1). The use of the sequencing method has led to the accumulation of new information about the diversity of genetic variants in cystic fibrosis. This information is important considering approaches to the development of targeted therapy for the disease, based on an individual genotype. No targeted therapy has been developed for the N1303K class II genetic variant. The function of the chloride channel in this mutation has not been compared with that in class II mutations like F508del.

Materials and methods: We have analyzed medical files of a patient with cystic fibrosis and F508del/N1303K CFTR genotypes, including the results of rectal biopsy samples. The assessments included measurement of the intestinal potential difference and forskolin-induced swelling assay (FIS) in rectal organoids, with the results being analyzed in relation to the clinical data.

Results: The results of intestinal current measurements (ICM) confirm that the N1303K genetic variant is “severe” and leads to the loss of the working CFTR protein, which is consistent with the clinical manifestations. The mean short circuit currency density (ΔISC) in response to amiloride (sodium channel stimulation) was -39 ± 1.22 µA/cm2, to forskolin (chloride channel stimulation) 3.83 ± 1.43 µA/cm2, to carbachol 6 ± 2.47 µA/cm2, and to histamine 8.5 ± 3.02 µA/cm2.

FIS results indicate that the VX-770 potentiator and the VX-809 corrector have a weak effect on the stimulation of organoids by forskolin in the genetic variant N1303K: organoid swelling was non-significant (about 20% from their baseline size).

Conclusion: The use of the ICM method and FIS assay in human intestinal organoids makes it possible to quantify the work of the CFTR protein and determine the in vitro effectiveness of targeted therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis. CFTR modulators are ineffective in patients with N1303K mutation in the compound-heterozygous condition with F508del, despite both pathogenic variants belong to class II.
The prognostic role of aberrant copy number of DDB1, PRPF19, CDKN1B, с-Myc genes in ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Verenikina E. V. , Petrusenko N. A. , Kecheryukova M. M.
Published: April 2021

Rationale: Ovarian cancer is the leading death cause in gynecological malignancies. More than 70% of the patients are diagnosed with progressing disease extending to outside the true pelvis. The 5-year survival of ovarian cancer patients remains low (about 47%) due to frequent relapses and drug resistance. Identification of markers for early diagnosis and relapse prediction could improve the outcomes of the disease.

Aim: To assess relative copy number of cancer-associated genetic loci c-Myc, CDK12, CDKN1B, PRPF19, ERBB2, DDB1, GAB2, COL6A3 in the tumor cells of ovarian cancer, in order to identify potential prognostic oncomarkers in ovarian cancer patients.

Materials and methods: The study included 50 women aged 27 to 70 years with ovarian cancer T1-3cN0-1M0-1, Gr. 2 (stages I—IV), who received their elective treatment in the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology in 2015 to 2019. The study was based on samples of genomic DNA from paraffinized blocks of tumor and “healthy” tissues. Relative copy numbers of 8 genetic loci (c-Myc, CDK12, CDKN1B, PRPF19, ERBB2, DDB1, GAB2, COL6A3) was assessed by RT-qPCR technique. Relative copy quantitation of a genetic locus was calculated as 2-ΔCt. The dose of the locus studied was considered equal to diploid set (2n) if RCQtumor/healthy was about 1. If RCQtumor/healthy was > 1.5 or < 0.5, then the locus dose was considered increased (≥ 3n) or decreased (≤ 1n), respectively.

Results: For all genetic loci, an increase of relative copy quantitation in the ovarian tumor cells was observed compared to that in “healthy” tissues. There was a significant (р<0.05) aberrant copy quantitation of 4 genes: c-Myc (р = 0.001), DDB1 (р = 0.002), PRPF19 (р = 0.0001), and CDKN1B (р = 0.001). We identified differential thresholds for these genes that made it possible to predict an unfavorable disease course in the patients (р < 0.05). The strongest association with the risk of adverse outcomes was found for increased copy number of PRPF19 (odds ratio (OR) 7.3; р = 0.0001) and c-Myc (OR 6.8; р = 0.001).

Conclusion: In this study, we determined the prognostic value of 4 oncogenic drivers, namely, DDB1, PRPF19, CDKN1B, and с-Myc, whose increased copy number was associated with an adverse disease prognosis in ovarian cancer patients.
Platon Felsefesi’nde Sanat Eleştirisine Giden Yol ya da Gölgeye Gölge Diyebilme İmkânı
Authors: EKER Hatice İrem
Published: April 2021

Felsefi tarihte büyük rolü olan Platon, felsefi düşünsel gelişime en büyük katkıyı epistêmê ile dóksa olarak adlandırdığı bilgi türleri arasındaki ayrımı gözetmekle yapmıştır. İlk sistemli diyalektikçi olan bu ustanın kavramlar arasındaki ayrımı yaparken izlediği düşünsel yol, bugün halen gerçek olan ile sadece sanıya dayanan bilgi türleri arasında ayrım yapmaya çalıştığımızda önümüzde bir rehber olarak bulunmaktadır. Bu diyalektik rotayı canlı tutmak adına bu çalışmada, Platon düşüncesindeki sanat kavramını incelemeyi hedefliyorum. Platon’un sanat kavramını incelerken, Platon’a yöneltilen ‘sanat ve sanatçı karşıtı’ olma iddiasını güncel bir problem olarak ele alarak, onun düşüncesinde karşı çıktığı olgunun genelde sanatın kendisi değil, gerçek olmayan e.d. doksa türü bilgiyi içeriği olarak alan tikel bir sanat türü olduğunu aktarmaya çalıştım. Bu hedef doğrultusunda, birinci başlık kapsamında Platon’un çağında yer alan sanat etkinliğine bir göz attım. İkinci başlık kapsamında, Platon’un bilgikuramında epistêmê ile doksa arasında yaptığı ayrımı kısaca inceledim. Üçüncü başlık kapsamında, retoriği sofistlerin sanatı olarak inceledim. Dördüncü başlık kapsamında, taklidi tragedya oyuncusunun sanatı olarak betimlemeye çalıştım. Her iki sanat türünde de Platon’un işaret ettiği ortak özellik, doksa türü bilgiyi içerikleri olarak taşımalarıdır. Böylelikle Platon’un sanat eleştirisinin temelinde yatanın genelde sanat değil, doksa türü bilgiyi içeriği olarak alan ve toplumda yayılmasında işlevselliği olan özel ve tikel bir sanat biçimi olduğunu göstermeye çalıştım.
Göçmenlikten Yerleşikliliğe: Gagauz Kadınların Evlilik Deneyimleri
Authors: SAĞLAM Nesibe Ayşe
Published: April 2021

Türkiye’de küreselleşme süreciyle yoğunlaşan uluslararası insan hareketliliğiyle göçmen gruplar ile evlenenlerin sayısı artmıştır. Türkiyeli erkeklerin yaygın olarak evlendiği gruplardan biri Moldova vatandaşı olan göçmen Gagauz kadınlardır. SSCB’nin dağılmasıyla Gagauz kadınlar, genellikle ilk olarak iş amacıyla Türkiye’ye gelmiş/gelmektedir. Sonrasında onlardan bazıları Türkiyeli erkeklerle evlenerek Türk toplumuna entegre olmuşlardır. Bu evlilikler, iki toplum arasındaki etnik ilişkilere, sosyal sınırlara ve sosyal mesafenin boyutuna önemli bir ışık tutmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Gagauz kadınların Türkiyeli erkeklerle evlenmeleriyle gündelik yaşamları ve kimlik algılarında ne gibi değişiklikler yaşadıklarını anlamaya ve açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Ayrıca çocukların yetiştirilmesi ve kimliklenmesi konusuna kadınların ve eşlerinin nasıl bir yaklaşım sergilediklerini incelemektedir. Bu çerçevede 1996-2018 yılları aralığında Türkiyeli erkeklerle evlenmiş, şuanda İstanbul ve İzmir’de yaşayan 11 Gagauz kadınla derinlemesine görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma, 2020 Aralık ayında 6’sı yüzyüze 5’i internet üzerinden çevrimiçi olarak gerçekleştirilen nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış forma dayanan birebir görüşme tekniğiyle yapılmıştır.
Araştırma sonucunda, kadınların gündelik yaşamlarındaki değişimlerin ilk olarak Türkiye’ye göçleriyle başladığı, Türkiyeli erkeklerle evlenmeleriyle süreklilik kazandığı ve onlara zamanla yenilerinin eklendiği görülmüştür. Bunların genellikle dini-kültürel ritüel ve törenleri, yeme-içme-giyim pratikleri, Gagauzca-Rusça’nın yanısıra Türkçe konuşmaları vb. ilgili değişimler olduğu anlaşılmıştır. İki grup arasındaki temel sosyal sınırın “din” farklılığı olduğuna işaret edilmiştir. Bu sosyal sınırın aile içerisinde gerek eşler arasındaki ilişkilerde gerek çocukların yetiştirilmesi ve kimliklenmesi konusunda sorunlara yol açmadığı bulgulanmıştır. Gagauz kadınların evlilikleriyle süreklilik kazanan Türk toplumuyla uzun süreli etkileşimleri kimliklerini de etkilemiştir. Türk toplumuna aidiyetlerinin boyutuna göre onların bazısı kendini Gagauz, bazısı Gagauz Türkü olarak tanımlarken bazıları kendilerini Türk gibi hissetmektedir.
Sebk-i Hindî Tesiri Bağlamında Mahvî Dîvânı’nda Karamsarlık
Authors: TOK Eda
Published: April 2021

Sebk-i Hindî, Fars edebiyatı ve Hint sanat zevkinin senteziyle meydana gelmiş olup klasik Türk şiirinde XVII. yüzyıl ortalarında görülmeye başlamıştır. Klasik Türk edebiyatında kendine has nitelikler de gösteren bu üslup, XVII ve XVIII. yüzyıllarda Nefî, Fehîm-i Kadîm, Şeh¬rî, İsmetî, Nailî, Nedîm-i Kadîm, Neşâtî, Râsih, Nâbî, Arpaeminizâde Sâmî, Halepli Edîb ve Şeyh Galib gibi şairler üze¬rinde etkili olmuştur. XVII. yüzyıl şairlerinden Mahvî Ahmed Çelebi de Sebk-i Hindî’nin tesirinde kalan ve şiirlerinde bu üslubun dil ve muhteva özelliklerini belirgin bir biçimde kullanan şairlerden biridir. Mahvî’nin hayatı hakkındaki bilgiler oldukça sınırlıdır. Kütahyalı olduğu anlaşılan şairin mesleğine dair bilgiler de mevcut değildir. Şairin bilinen tek eseri dîvânıdır. Mahvî’nin şiirlerinde, Sebk-i Hindî tesirindeki şairlerin eserlerinde çoğunlukla hâkim olan ve Sebk-i Hindî şiirinin ana temaları arasında yer alan ızdırap ve karamsarlığın yoğun bir biçimde görülmesi dikkat çekmektedir. Sebk-i Hindî’yi benimseyen şairlerin şiirlerinde genellikle insanın dış dünyasından daha ziyade iç dünyasına yöneliş söz konusudur. Şairler, dış dünyayı da kendi duygu ve hayallerini anlatmada kullanmıştır. Bu durum ızdırap, elem, karamsarlık gibi ruh hâllerini Sebk-i Hindî şiirinin konularından biri hâline getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada da Mahvî’nin şiirlerinden seçilen örnek beyitlerle şairin şiirlerinde dikkat çekici boyutta yer alan karamsar ruh hâli gösterilmiştir. Mahvî’nin şiirlerinde talihsizliğini bildiren ifadelerin fazlalığı, şiirlerinin neredeyse tamamına hâkim olan düşkünlük ve ümitsizlik hâli, şairin olumsuzluk çağrıştıran “Mahvî” mahlasını tercih etmesi Sebk-i Hindî tesiri bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.
Demokrat Parti Dönemi Demiryolu Politikası (1950- 1960)
Authors: POLATOĞLU Mehmed Gökhan
Published: April 2021

Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında Türkiye’nin güvenliğini ve kalkınmasını sağlamak için ulaştırma alanında özellikle demiryoluna büyük bir önem verildi. Bu maksatla öncelikle yabancıların elindeki demiryolu şirket ve hatları millileştirildi. Ardından kurumsal yapıda düzenlemelere gidildi ve binlerce kilometre demiryolu hattı inşa edildi. Bu süreç İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın (1939-1945) sonlarına kadar devam etti. Ancak savaşın sona ermesinin ardından çalışmalar yavaşladı ve durma noktasına geldi. Bunda Türkiye’nin iki kutuplu bir dünya düzeninde Sovyet Rusya’ya karşı Batı’ya özellikle de Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ne yakınlaşmasının belirleyici bir rolü oldu. ABD ile ilişkilerin gelişmesine bağlı olarak Türkiye’de 1930’lu yılların başından 1940’ların sona kadar uygulanan devletçilik politikası yerini dışa açık liberal bir ekonomik düzene bırakacaktı. 1950 yılında iktidara gelen Demokrat Parti (1950-1960) ile uygulamaya konulan dışa açık liberal ekonomik sistem, ulaştırmada da yeni bir sürecin başlangıcını beraberinde getirdi. Türkiye’de ulaştırma sektöründe karayolunun ön plana çıktığı 1950-1960 yılları arasında ülkenin en ücra kesimlerine ulaşımı sağlayan ve demiryoluna kıyasla inşa ve işletme maliyeti düşük olan karayolu inşasına ağırlık verildi. Böylece on yıllık süre sonunda karayolu ağına 14.462 km ilave edildi. İnşa edilen demiryolu hattı ise 224 km ile sınırlı kaldı. Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’nin ulaşım sisteminde köklü bir değişimin yaşandığı 1950-1960 döneminde ulaşım politikasındaki uygulamaların demiryolu inşasına etkileri, iç ve dış faktörler ekseninde ele alınarak incelenmiştir.
19. Yüzyılın Sonunda Tokat Sancağı
Authors: AKTAŞ Esat
Published: April 2021

Coğrafî konumuyla her dönemde önemli bir yere sahip olan Tokat, 1398 yılında Osmanlı Devleti sınırlarına dahil edildi. Birçok siyasî ve idarî değişiklikle birlikte 19. yüzyıla gelmiş olan Tokat, 12 Ocak 1880 tarihinde sancak merkezi yapıldı. Niksar, Erbaa ve Zile kazaları da Tokat sancağına bağlandı. Bu çalışmada 19. yüzyılın sonunda Tokat sancağının idarî ve sosyo-ekonomik gelişimi ele alındı. Araştırma verileri Osmanlı Arşivi, salnameler ve literatürdeki kaynaklarla elde edildi. Araştırmada 1880-1900 yılları arasında Tokat’ın Osmanlı Devleti’nin önemli şehirlerinden birisi olduğu görüldü. Ticaret güzergahında olan Tokat, Sivas vilayetine uzaklığı ve güvenlik gerekçeleriyle sancak statüsü kazandı. Büyük çoğunluğu Müslümanlardan oluşan Tokat’ta gayrimüslim nüfus da yaşamaktaydı. Aynı zamanda şehir nüfusu, iç ve dış göçlerle arttı ve buna bağlı olarak çeşitlendi. Bazı sorunları beraberinde getiren bu göçler, Tokat çayı gibi yeni bir ürünle tanışılmasına da vesile oldu. Tokat sanayisi önemli ürünleri piyasaya sürdü. Bu ürünlerden Tokat bakırı ve basması, döneminde dünya ölçeğinde marka değeri kazandı. Sanayi ve ticaretin gelişmiş olduğu Tokat’ta coğrafyanın vermiş olduğu imkanlarla hem tarım hem de hayvancılık gelişme gösterdi. Tokatlıların da bu alanların tamamından geçimlerini sağladığı anlaşılmaktadır. 1895 sonrasında yaşanan Ermeni isyanlarıyla Tokat’ta huzur içerisinde yaşayan halkın çatışma ortamına çekildiği ve Tokat halkının milli birliğini ve vatanını korumaya çalıştığı görülmektedir. Tokat ve çevresinde yaşanan bu hadiseler, şehirde var olan askerî yapının ve kolluk kuvvetlerinin yetersizliğini de ortaya koymaktadır.
Erken Rusların Din Değiştirerek Bizans Etkisine Girmelerinde Konstantinopolis’e Giden Vareg Ticaret Yolunun Rolü
Authors: ŞEN Fatih
Published: April 2021

Rusların kökeni ve Rus isminin nereden geldiği konuları hala belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Araştırmacılar arasında kesin gözüyle bakılan olgu ilk Rus devletini kuranların İskandinav kökenli olduklarıdır. Rusları İskandinav kökenli kabul eden Normanistlere göre Baltık Denizi’nin karşısına Slav ve Fin gibi yerli halkların davetiyle geçen erken Ruslar ilk Rus devletini kurmuşlardır. Ancak Kuzeyli milletlerin Slavlar, Finliler, Hazarlar, Bizans hatta Halifelik ile davet olayının öncesine dayanan ilişkileri vardı. Bu ilişkiler genellikle ticaret ve paralı askerlik üzerinden yürütülmekteydi. Kuzeylilerin güneye inmek için kullandıkları çeşitli ticaret yolları bulunmaktadır ki bunların arasında hem Ruslar hem de Bizans için en önemli olanı İstanbul’a Giden Vareg Ticaret Yoludur. Bu yolu kullanan Vareg/Rus toplulukları ilk olarak Baltık Denizi’nin karşına geçip buradaki otorite boşluğundan faydalanarak ilk Rus devletini kurmuşlardır. Daha sonra aynı yolu kullanan Vareg/Ruslar İstanbul’a kadar hem paralı askerler hem de tüccarlar olarak inerek Bizans kültür ve dinini yakından tanıma fırsatı yakalamışlardır. Memleketlerine geri dönen Vareg/Ruslar soydaşlarına Bizans’ın ihtişamından bahsetmişler böylece Ruslar üzerinde Bizans etkisi hızla yayılmıştır. Prens Vladimir döneminde ise Bizans ile yapılan bir antlaşma sonrasında Ortodoks Hristiyanlık Rus devletinde devlet eliyle yayılmaya başlamıştır. Vareg/Rusların Bizans Ortodoksluğunu seçmeleri onların Bizans kültür ve medeniyeti etkisi altına girmeleri ile sonuçlanmıştır. Sonraki süreçte gelişimini devam ettiren Rus devleti Bizans’ın bir uydu devleti haline dönüşmüştür. Ruslar üzerindeki Bizans etkisi din ile sınırlı kalmamış dil, edebiyat, hukuk ve mimari gibi alanlarda da Bizans’tan etkilenilmiştir. Bu çalışmada erken Rus devletinin İstanbul’a Giden Vareg Ticaret Yolunun etkisiyle din değiştirip Bizans kültür ve medeniyetinin etkisine girmesinden bahsedilecektir.
Role of Soil Health in Plant Disease Management: A Review
Authors: Thakur Rajneesh , Verma Shalini , Gupta Shivani , Negi Gulshan , Bhardwaj Paresh
Published: April 2021

Soil health sustains the biological productivity, maintains environmental quality and promotes plant health. Soil borne diseases are most damaging when soil conditions are poor. Major factors influencing the disease in plants are soil moisture, soil temperature, soil pH and soil nutrients. To manage disease, different methods are used like crop rotation, biological control, cover crops, suppressive soils, organic amendment, plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, vascular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, mulching, good compost, good aeration, etc. Implementation of these practices improves the soil health and reduces disease incidence in a sustainable manner. Cover crops, crop rotations and healthy sanitary practices keep the pathogenic populations at low levels and also add beneficial nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the soil. These all manage the disease by creating physical barrier, releasing antagonistic chemicals, competing with pathogen, increasing nutrient uptake, etc. Biological control agents have different mode of action viz., parasitism, predator, antibiosis, competition for site and nutrition, as well as by inducing the resistance in plants against pathogen [Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR)]. However, all these management strategies are helpful in improving the soil health, decreases the disease incidence and subsequently increases the yield and productivity of the crop.
Evaluation of Groundnut Segregating Population for Resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii. using an Efficient Field Screening Technique
Authors: Pujer Santoshkumar , Motagi Babu N. , Kenchanagoudar P.V. , Gowda M.V.C.
Published: April 2021

Background: Stem rot of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is one of the major constraint to groundnut production in many countries and yield losses upto 10-25% were recorded. Screening of groundnut genotypes for resistance to stem rot under field conditions is complicated by the non-uniform spatial distribution of the pathogen.Methods: A total of 165 segregants derived from TAG 24 and R 9227 were evaluated for resistance to stem and pod rot during rainy and summer seasons by using sick plot technique. The field is artificially inoculated at 30 days interval.Result: Among different parameters, maximum phenotypic variability and heritability were observed for disease at 30, 60, 90 days after sowing. The strong negative associations were observed for disease incidence and plant population and positive association were observed for test weight and pod weight per plant. The higher number of superior segregants was observed for pod weight per plant followed by oil content and test weight as compared to both the parents. Generally, high frequencies of desirable segregants were observed for oil content combined with pod weight per plant followed by test weight and pod weight per plant. Out of 165 lines, only six lines showed moderate resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii with good yield attributing characters, further these lines can be utilized in future breeding programme.
Development and Validation of a Scale of Negative Attitudes Toward COVID-19 With a Sample of People With Chronic Conditions and Disabilities
Authors: Umucu Emre , Reyes Antonio , Ürkmez Bilal , Ergun Gül , Rios Yazmin Castruita , Kosyluk Kristin
Published: April 2021

Health anxiety will increase as a result of COVID-19. Many people who feel vulnerable, including individuals with disabilities and chronic illnesses, may be more susceptible to stigmatize individuals who have an infection. Researchers in this study aimed to develop a measure of negative attitudes toward COVID-19 among people with disabilities and chronic illnesses to better understand how stigmatization, which can cause negative outcomes, plays a role in individuals with disabilities' response to COVID-19. The study was conducted with 269 participants with any disability or chronic illness in which all completed the online questionnaire. To examine the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Negative Attitudes Scale (COVID-19 NAS), an exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, reliability analysis, and correlation were conducted. In addition, concurrent validity was assessed through correlations with participants' stress related to COVID-19, depression and anxiety, and resilience. Exploratory factor analyses demonstrated that COVID-19 NAS is a unidimensional scale. Confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the one dimensionality of the scale. Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 NAS could be a valuable tool in assessing negative attitudes toward COVID-19 for people with chronic conditions and disabilities.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK MOTIVATION AND THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION APPLICATION AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN JAKARTA
Authors: Bode Puput Melani , Gultom Roma , Nababan Rosari , Ingrit Belet Lydia , Panjaitan Tirolyn
Published: April 2021

The role of communication cannot be separated from the application of nursing care process because it can influence patients’ satisfaction on nurses’ care in the hospital. Therapeutic communication has not been applied well by nurses, hence there is a lack of trust among nurse and patient’s relationship. This study aimed to identify the relationship between nurses’ work motivation and nurses’ therapeutic communication toward patients in ward at a private hospital in Jakarta. This study used a quantitative method, a descriptive correlational design and a cross-sectional approach. A Chi-Square test was applied to identify the relationship between both variables. The population of this study were all of the nurses who work in the ward (40 nurses) and the, sampling technique of this study was a total sampling method. The result of the study showed that nurses’ work motivation was categorized as high (57.5%) and the application of the therapeutic communication was in the highest category (60%). The result of the chi-square test showed that nurses’ work motivation was related to the therapeutic communication application with p-value 0.001(p<0.05). Thus, the higher work motivation of nurse, the better the application of communication therapeutic. In relation to the recommendation for further research, the researchers suggest examining other factors related to the implementation of therapeutic communication.
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ÖĞRENME GÜÇLÜĞÜ YAŞAYAN ÖĞRENCİLERE YÖNELİK HAZIRLANAN FEN DENEYLERİ KILAVUZUNUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: “MADDE VE DEĞİŞİM” ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ER NAS Sibel , ÇALIK Muammer , USTA YILMAZ Hilal , ŞENEL ÇORUHLU Tülay , İPEK AKBULUT Hava , ERGÜL Cevriye , ÇEPNİ Salih , DELİMEHMET DADA Şenay , KIRYAK Zeynep
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, “Madde ve Değişim” öğrenme alanı için öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrencilere yönelik fen deneyleri kılavuzu hazırlamak, uygulamak ve bu kılavuzun öğrencilerin kavramsal anlamaları üzerine olan etkisini incelemektir. Özel durum yöntemi kapsamında, çalışmaya öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan 12 öğrenci katılmıştır. Kavram testi, görüşme ve çizim testi veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, tam anlama, kısmi anlama, alternatif kavrama ve anlamama kategorileri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, kılavuzun öğrencilerin madde ve değişim öğrenme alanına yönelik kavramsal anlamalarını olumlu etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrencilerin düşüncelerini çizimlerle ifade etmede daha başarılı oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçtan hareketle, özellikle yazma konusunda güçlük yaşayan öğrencilerin değerlendirilmesinde çizim yöntemi gibi alternatif yaklaşımların benimsenmesi önerilmektedir.
Freedom as a condition for formation of the future officer’s personality
Authors:   Military Academy of Communications n.a. S.M. Budenny, Zverev S.E.
Published: April 2021

Presented is the author’s analysis of the problem of education of a free personality in relation to conditions of military educational organizations of higher education, implemented under condition of ensuring freedom of thought, freedom of speech and freedom of will of cadets. It is noted that voluntary moral assimilation “hypothesis”, proposed by the student teacher, the crystallization in the minds of the personal value system, checking their communication in society and on the personal experience of free will in activities designed to foster stable beliefs and attitudes of future officers.
Moscow megapolis as an educational environment in the system of intercultural foreign language education
Authors:   Moscow City Pedagogical University, Goncharova V.A. , Alpatov V.V.
Published: April 2021

Substantiated is the thesis for necessity and possibility of using the social cultural resources of Moscow city to establish an educational environment suitable for building intercultural communicative competence when teaching students foreign languages from the perspective of the intercultural approach. As a key point, the authors put forward the thesis that it is regional culture which is the only one available to the student to abide and understand by their national native culture (which comes equal with learning a foreign language culture within the goal-setting of intercultural foreign language education). At the same time, Moscow is grounded as a resource space for intercultural foreign language education, being a place for building the social environment and communication relations, the center of the regional level of native culture, and the city of intercultural communication. The authors define the related educational urbanistics as interdisciplinary field of designing socio-humanitarian knowledge and experience in the context of the mutually enriching integration of urban space and value-specific (educational) trajectories of personal development of the citizen. As a result, the authors formulate the basic principles of urban educational environment in the context of foreign language intercultural communicative training of students, including the following: knowledge of the universal (global) through the single (local), methodological work with space as a resource and a factor in educational activity design, taking an educational environment as an individually perceived value, designing individual educational trajectory on the basis of mapping, contextual learning, the priority of spontaneous meaning-making, a conscious distinction between education and vocational training.
Formation of educational infrastructure in order to provide employment on entrepreneurial market
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation, Kosheleva T.N. , Biryukovа A.V. , Brazevich D.S. , Dalinger Ya. M.
Published: April 2021

Presented is the mechanism of formation an educational-communication digital-interactive regional infrastructure for supporting the labor market and promoting employment. The main task of the mechanism is to form one of the new elements of educational infrastructure that meets population’s needs in education and employment, by introduction and development information technologies, scientific models, and organization on-line interaction with the potential participants in the entrepreneurial market. The mechanism had been created by the authors can function taking into account the existing state programs, containing elements of digitalization, strategies for the development of entrepreneurship and social support for population. On the one hand the main advantage of the proposed mechanism will allow to build a new element of the educational infrastructure using the digital environment, and on the other hand it will help to form a labor market for qualified employees, who will provide a constant supply of the modern specialists to the entrepreneurial market. This goal is possible to achieve by the implementation of such models as the model of the ideal employee, the ideal job and the ideal place of education. Modeling of socio-economic information will help to identify the needs of employers for qualified personnel, form proposals for the entrepreneurial market development, open new training profiles, and predict the demand of future professionals in the interactive labor market. The authors conducted a pilot survey for mechanism evaluation that confirmed future applicants’ goal is to get higher education with the using of information technologies.