bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Regioselective Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxy‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles from Acetylenic Ketones.
Authors: Xie Meihua , Li Ming , Liu Changqing , Zhang Jitan , Feng Chengyou
Published: April 2013

The title compounds (III) are conveniently obtained by tandem conjugate addition‐cyclization reaction of acetylenic ketones and hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 4‐Iminothiazolidinones for Inhibition of PI3 Kinase.
Authors: Pinson Jo‐Anne , Schmidt‐Kittler Oleg , Frazzetto Mark , Zheng Zhaohua , Jennings Ian G. , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Vogelstein Bert , Chalmers David K. , Thompson Philip E.
Published: April 2013

A library of 4‐iminothiazolidinones (28 examples) is synthesized by multiple pathways and their enzyme inhibitor activities are tested.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1,2,3‐Oxadiazole 3‐Oxides.
Authors: Sugihara Takumichi , Murakawa Akira , Sawanaka Chiemi , Seki Megumi , Iio Natsuki , Iizuka Ayano , Oohora Takuya , Honzawa Shinobu
Published: April 2013

Sodium borohydride selectively reduces the carbon‐carbon double bond in oxadiazole oxides (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of New Highly Conjugated Bispyrylium Compounds.
Authors: Gong Wei‐Tao , Qian Xiao‐min , Wang Fu‐Rui , Lin Yuan , Ning Gui‐Ling
Published: April 2013

The title compounds (V) are obtained by Knoevenagel reaction between α‐methyl‐substituted pyrylium salt (III) and aromatic dicarboxaldehydes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, One‐Pot Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Chromen‐5‐ones and Pyrano[3,2‐c]chromen‐5‐ones via a Tandem Knoevenagel—Michael—Cyclization Sequence.
Authors: Kamalraja Jayabal , Muralidharan Doraiswamy , Perumal Paramasivan Thirumalai
Published: April 2013

The highly regioselective and chemoselective approach renders possible the formation of 2 new C—C bonds and 1 new C—O bond as well as the creation of one stereocenter in a single operation.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Cascade Double‐Annulations Provide Diversely Ring‐Fused Tetracyclic Benzopyrones.
Authors: Baskar Baburaj , Wittstein Kathrin , Sankar Muthukumar G. , Khedkar Vivek , Schuermann Markus , Kumar Kamal
Published: April 2013

The presented new annulation strategy provides stereoselective access to complex tetracyclic benzopyrones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nuevamine Aza‐Analogues by a Sequence: I‐MCR—Aza‐Diels—Alder—Pictet—Spengler.
Authors: Islas‐Jacome Alejandro , Cardenas‐Galindo Luis E. , Jerezano Alberto V. , Tamariz Joaquin , Gonzalez‐Zamora Eduardo , Gamez‐Montano Rocio
Published: April 2013

A one‐pot procedure including Ugi three‐component reaction, aza‐Diels—Alder cycloaddition and aromatization provides key intermediates (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel 1‐Benzyl 2‐Butyl‐4‐chloroimidazole Embodied 4‐Azafluorenones via Molecular Hybridization Approach.
Authors: Addla Dinesh , Bhima Bhima , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Devi Anjana , Kantevari Srinivas
Published: April 2013

The title compounds (IV) (15 examples) are obtained in very good yields via one‐pot condensation of 4‐chloroimidazole‐5‐carboxaldehyde (I), 1,3‐indanedione, various aryl/heteroaryl methyl ketones, and ammonium acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Novel 4‐Arylamino‐2‐phenyl‐6‐substituted‐quinazoline.
Authors: Xing Zhi‐Yong , Fu Ying , Ye Fei
Published: April 2013

Novel quinazolines (II) are obtained unexpectedly via photocyclization of substituted thioureas (I) under basic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cerous Methanesulfonate Catalyzed Facile Synthesis of 2‐Substituted‐2,3‐dihydro‐4(1h)‐quinazolinones by Grinding Technique.
Authors: Wang Min , Gao Jingjing , Song Zhiguo , Wang Lei
Published: April 2013

Virtually the presented quinazolinone synthesis consists of a two‐step procedure starting with a grinding phase followed by conventional heating.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Halides with 4,4,6‐Trimethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborinane.
Authors: Murata Miki , Sogabe Yosuke , Namikoshi Takeshi , Watanabe Shinji
Published: April 2013

Electron‐donating or ortho substituted aromatic bromides give low yields compared to the corresponding iodides (IIa) and (IId).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Regioselective Benzylation: An Access to Glycal Derivatives with a Free Hydroxyl Group at C4.
Authors: Bieg Tadeusz , Kral Katarzyna , Paszkowska Jadwiga , Szeja Wieslaw , Wandzik Ilona
Published: April 2013

D‐Glucal, D‐galactal (I), and their 6‐O‐protected derivatives, e.g. (IV), are benzylated in a two‐step sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Synthesis of Hapalindole O and Synthetic Efforts Towards Hapalindole K and Ambiguine A.
Authors: Rafferty Ryan J. , Williams Robert M.
Published: April 2013

The tin‐mediated coupling of indoles (I) with Tms‐enol ether (II) followed by HCl‐promoted ring closure and subsequent oxidation of intermediate alcohols leads to ketones (III), which are potential intermediates for the synthesis of hapalindole K (IVa) and ambiguine A (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of Keramamine C.
Authors: Ishiyama Haruaki , Mori Yuta , Matsumoto Takashi , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: April 2013

The asymmetric total synthesis of keramamine C (I), a tetrahydro‐β‐carboline alkaloid from the marine sponge Amphimedon sp., is accomplished in seven steps and 3% overall yield from tryptamine and phthalimidepropane acid via Bischler‐Napieralski reaction and the Noyori catalytic asymmetric hydrogen‐transfer reaction as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Calycotomine and N‐Methylcalycotomine Using a Petasis Reaction — Pomeranz—Fritsch—Bobbitt Cyclization Sequence.
Authors: Chrzanowska Maria , Grajewska Agnieszka , Rozwadowska Maria D.
Published: April 2013

A new synthetic procedure is given for the two title alkaloids calycotomine (VI) and N‐methylcalycotomine (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Isoaurones from the Stem of Cassia siamea and Their anti‐Tobacco Mosaic Virus (anti‐TMV) Activity.
Authors: Gao Xue‐mei , Shu Li‐dan , Yang Li‐ying , Shen Yan‐qiong , Cui Ming‐zhu , Li Xue‐mei , Hu Qiu‐fen
Published: April 2013

The isolation and structure elucidation of siamaurone A (I) and B (II) are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis on Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Passivating Monolayers
Authors: Mancin Fabrizio , Prins Leonard J. , Scrimin Paolo
Published: April 2013

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Simulating the Properties of Small Pore Silica Zeolites Using Interatomic Potentials
Authors: Combariza Aldo F. , Gomez Diego A. , Sastre German
Published: April 2013

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Metal‐Containing Complexes with Azo Chromophore Functionalities
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz A. S. , Strohm E. A.
Published: April 2013

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynylboron Compounds in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Jiao Jiao , Nishihara Yasushi
Published: April 2013

Review: [92 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: One Hundred Years of Vitamins — A Success Story of the Natural Sciences
Authors: Eggersdorfer Manfred , Laudert Dietmar , Letinois Ulla , McClymont Tom , Medlock Jonathan , Netscher Thomas , Bonrath Werner
Published: April 2013

Review: 316 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Binary Acid Catalysis: Chiral Phosphoric Acid as Dual Ligand and Acid
Authors: Lv Jian , Luo Sanzhong
Published: April 2013

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of Proteins
Authors: Liu Lei
Published: April 2013

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ammonium Ylides as Building Blocks for Alkaloid Synthesis
Authors: Bur Scott , Padwa Albert
Published: April 2013

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Negishi Cross‐Coupling in the Synthesis of Natural Products and Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Colacino Evelina , Martinez Jean , Lamaty Frederic
Published: April 2013

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Target‐oriented and Diversity‐Oriented Organic Synthesis
Authors: Rodriguez Raphael
Published: April 2013

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fact or Fiction: Cybotactic Groups in the Nematic Phase of Bent Core Mesogens
Authors: Acharya Bharat R. , Kumar Satyendra
Published: April 2013

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Targeted Cytotoxics: Current State and Promises from DNA‐Encoded Chemical Libraries
Authors: Krall Nikolaus , Scheuermann Joerg , Neri Dario
Published: April 2013

Review: 234 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biofunctional Xerography
Authors: Loeffler Felix , Cheng Yun‐Chien , Foertsch Tobias , Doersam Edgar , Bischoff Ralf , Breitling Frank , Nesterov‐Mueller Alexander
Published: April 2013

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals: Emerging Applications
Authors: Park Heung‐Shik , Lavrentovich Oleg D.
Published: April 2013

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms of Carbon Gasification Reactions Using Electronic Structure Methods
Authors: Espinal Juan F. , Truong Thanh N. , Mondragon Fanor
Published: April 2013

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Computational Mechanistic Studies of Acceptorless Dehydrogenation Reactions Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Li Hai Xia , Wang Zhi Xiang
Published: April 2013

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Are Alkyne Reductions Chemo‐, Regio‐, and Stereoselective Enough To Provide Pure (Z)‐Olefins in Polyfunctionalized Bioactive Molecules?
Authors: Oger Camille , Balas Laurence , Durand Thierry , Galano Jean‐Marie
Published: April 2013

Review: 546 refs.
Waste Assimilative Capacity of Coastal Waters along Mumbai Mega City, West Coast of India Using MIKE‐21 and WASP Simulation Models
Authors: VishnuRadhan Renjith , Vethamony Ponnumony , Zainudin Zaki , Kumar Krishnakumar Vinod
Published: April 2013

Coastal waters are the ultimate receivers of the organic waste materials generated by upstream cities and towns. This waste can cause dissolved oxygen depletion due to increased oxygen demand, affecting the natural ability of water bodies to withstand certain amount of pollution – the waste assimilative capacity. The pollution load (biochemical oxygen demand) calculated using the population equivalent value of 0.225 m3/day for the present Mumbai population of 13 million is 731 250 kg/day. Simulations using MIKE‐21 and WASP models along with the observed water quality data as well as current meter data indicated that the coastal waters can withstand the present pollution load since the simulated biochemical oxygen demand was with in the range of 0.2–1.5 mg/L, the National Standard limits. A projected population increase exceeded the target biochemical oxygen demand value of 2 mg/L, indicating the deterioration of ambient quality of coastal waters. Waste assimilative capacity studies are crucial in the present‐day regional, as well as global issues, such as population explosion, water shortage, and climate change.
A Preliminary Study on the Occurrence of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Hospital Wastewater and Surface Water in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Tran Ngoc Han , Urase Taro , Ta Thi Thao
Published: April 2013

The presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) belonging to different therapeutic classes (including non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, analgesics, antiepileptics, and lipid regulators) in hospital wastewater and surface water samples was investigated for the first time in Vietnam. Analytical results showed that 10 PhACs, including naproxen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, propyphenazone, diclofenac, clofibric acid, gemfibrozil, and carbamazepine were detected at least once in the hospital wastewater samples. The detection of these PhACs in hospital wastewater demonstrates that hospital effluents are considered a significant source of pollution of the environment by pharmaceuticals. Our initial results showed that only ibuprofen was removed efficiently by the wastewater treatment plant at sampling site S2. The presence of PhACs in surface water samples may reflect the impacts of wastewater contamination in surface water bodies. The ubiquitous occurrence of carbamazepine in both wastewater and surface water may suggest that carbamazepine can potentially serve as a good molecular marker indicating wastewater contamination in surface water. A tentative assessment of environmental risk of PhACs for surface water has been discussed. Risk quotients higher than one were observed only for carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen, suggesting that these compounds seem to show high risk for aquatic ecosystems.
Cumulative incidence of cancer after solid organ transplantation
Authors: Hall Erin C. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Segev Dorry L. , Engels Eric A.
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND

Solid organ transplantation recipients have elevated cancer incidence. Estimates of absolute cancer risk after transplantation can inform prevention and screening.

METHODS

The Transplant Cancer Match Study links the US transplantation registry with 14 state/regional cancer registries. The authors used nonparametric competing risk methods to estimate the cumulative incidence of cancer after transplantation for 2 periods (1987‐1999 and 2000‐2008). For recipients from 2000 to 2008, the 5‐year cumulative incidence, stratified by organ, sex, and age at transplantation, was estimated for 6 preventable or screen‐detectable cancers. For comparison, the 5‐year cumulative incidence was calculated for the same cancers in the general population at representative ages using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data.

RESULTS

Among 164,156 recipients, 8520 incident cancers were identified. The absolute cancer risk was slightly higher for recipients during the period from 2000 to 2008 than during the period from 1987 to 1999 (5‐year cumulative incidence: 4.4% vs 4.2%; P = .006); this difference arose from the decreasing risk of competing events (5‐year cumulative incidence of death, graft failure, or retransplantation: 26.6% vs 31.9%; P < .001). From 2000 to 2008, the 5‐year cumulative incidence of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma was highest at extremes of age, especially in thoracic organ recipients (ages 0‐34 years: range, 1.74%‐3.28%; aged >50 years; range, 0.36%‐2.22%). For recipients aged >50 years, the 5‐year cumulative incidence was higher for colorectal cancer (range, 0.33%‐1.94%) than for the general population at the recommended screening age (aged 50 years: range, 0.25%‐0.33%). For recipients aged >50 years, the 5‐year cumulative incidence was high for lung cancer among thoracic organ recipients (range, 1.16%‐3.87%) and for kidney cancer among kidney recipients (range, 0.53%‐0.84%). The 5‐year cumulative incidence for prostate cancer and breast cancer was similar or lower in transplantation recipients than at the recommended ages of screening in the general population.

CONCLUSIONS

Subgroups of transplantation recipients have a high absolute risk of some cancers and may benefit from targeted prevention or screening. Cancer 2013;119:2300–2308. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Radio versus backhaul bottlenecks: an integrated quality of service provisioning approach for small cell gateways
Authors: Skianis Charalabos
Published: April 2013

Small cell traffic is expected to experience a continuous increase during the upcoming years, and thus, backhauling challenges should be timely addressed. Regardless the fact that radio resource management continues to be a major research problem in coexisting heterogeneous wireless networks, a mentality shift is observed in the research community towards dealing with wired backhaul bottleneck situations, too. Hence, specific small cell network deployments such as the one considered in this paper have to adopt an integrated quality of service provisioning approach. A femtocell utilizing an existing internet protocol (IP) infrastructure has usually to share the backhaul capacity with several IP networks. As these networks do not provide an efficient admission control process, the capacity allocated to the femtocell can fluctuate unpredictably over time. As a remedy, we propose a scheme for small cells' efficient integration (SCEI) in the IP infrastructure. SCEI is able to manage the total incoming traffic load and continuously adjust the distribution of the backhaul capacity among the existing networks. Simulation results show that SCEI provides significantly higher utilization of the backhaul capacity and more resilience regarding quality‐of‐service‐related metrics in overload state situations compared with state‐of‐the‐art hybrid partitioning techniques. Finally, this work also provides hints on ways that SCEI concepts can be applicable in more future Internet and small cell network deployment variants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chalcogen–Nitrogen Secondary Bonding Interactions in the Gas Phase – Spectrometric Detection of Ionized Benzo‐2,1,3‐telluradiazole Dimers
Authors: Cozzolino Anthony F. , Dimopoulos‐Italiano Gina , Lee Lucia Myongwon , Vargas‐Baca Ignacio
Published: April 2013

The mass spectra of benzo‐2,1,3‐chalcogenadiazoles, acquired from the equilibrium conditions of the UV‐laser desorption/ionization plume, contain isotopic patterns that are characteristic of protonated and ionized dimers. Dispersion‐corrected DFT modeling shows that the most stable structures of these dimers feature the supramolecular four‐membered Te2N2 ring, which is pervasive in the crystal structures of these compounds. These observations provide the first evidence of the persistence of Te–N supramolecular association in the gas phase.
Synthesis and Characterization of Oxadisilole‐Fused 1H‐Benzo[f]indazoles and 1H‐Naphtho[2,3‐f]indazoles
Authors: Zhang Yajuan , Ma Xuyan , Chen Yali , Chen Xuanming , Guo Lei , Cao Weiguo , Chen Jie , Wong Man Shing
Published: April 2013

Oxadisilole‐fused 1H‐benzo[f]‐ and 1H‐naphtho[2,3‐f]indazoles have been synthesized by the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of benzo‐ or naphtho‐oxabicycloalkenes with nitrile imines generated in situ from N‐arylhydrazonoyl chlorides followed by deoxygenation and aromatization. The photophysical, redox and thermal properties of these compounds have been characterized. Some of the indazoles show potential as deep‐blue emitters for OLED applications as a result of their high fluorescence quantum yields and good thermal stabilities.
Size exclusion chromatography as a universal method for the purification of quantum dots bioconjugates
Authors: Wang Jinjie , Huang Xiangyi , Ruan Lingao , Lan Tao , Ren Jicun
Published: April 2013

The bioconjugation of fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) and purification of QDs bioconjugates are of vital importance in bioapplications. In this paper, we systematically investigated the purification efficiency of QDs bioconjugates and their stability during separation process by using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) technique, fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). In this study, commercial QDs and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were used as labeling probes, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) and antibody (Erbitux) were used as mode samples. The covalently linkage and the electrostatic interaction were used in bioconjugation procedures. We systematically studied the effects of certain factors such as the scales of column, loading volume, elution buffer, and separation media on the purification efficiency of QDs bioconjugates by a home‐built SEC device. And highly pure and monodisperse QDs bioconjugates could be obtained by SEC purification twice under the optimized conditions. Furthermore, we investigated the stability of QDs bioconjugates in different conjugation ways and purification conditions by FCS, and found that the stability of bioconjugates were poor when electrostatic binding mode was used. We also observed that Sephacryl S300 HR (separation range for globular proteins: 1 × 104–1.5 × 106 Da) was the best choice for purifying the vast majority of QDs‐bioconjugates. Our work described here will be constructive to popularization and applications of QDs in life science.
Three‐dimensional modeling and simulation of DNA hybridization kinetics and mass transport as functions of temperature in a microfluidic channel
Authors: Schares Elizabeth S. , Edwards Thayne L. , Moorman Matthew W. , Polsky Ronen , Brozik Susan M. , Manginell Ronald P.
Published: April 2013

A 3D finite element model was developed to optimize the kinetics and mass transfer characteristics of low concentration, 18 bp ssDNA targets in bulk media solution, to 18 bp complimentary oligonucleotide probes immobilized on electrochemical detection electrodes positioned along the length of a microfluidic channel. Conditions considered in the model were fluid flow rate, diffusion time, DNA melting temperature, number of matching base pairs, and temperature of the fluid in the channel. System optimization was based on maximizing the uniformity and surface concentration of the specifically bound hybridized DNA, minimizing waste volume generation and the hybridization time. With the coupled simulation method used, the total experiment time was reduced from 150 to 60 min and the simulated results were consistent with experimental results found in the literature. A stopped flow procedure was investigated as a means to improve hybridization. This procedure can not only improve uniformity and capture efficiency, and reduce waste, but can also decrease overall signal intensity relative to continuous flow operation. Finally, the use of temperature in reducing mismatched hybridization and improving duplex stability was also successfully modeled and simulated.
A nonradioactive electrophoretic mobility shift assay for measurement of pregnane X receptor binding activity to CYP3A4 response element
Authors: Vavrova Aneta , Vrzal Radim , Dvorak Zdenek
Published: April 2013

The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is a method for the study of specific DNA–protein interactions in vitro. The pregnane X receptor (PRX) is a key xenobiotic sensor that regulates the expression of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and many other genes. Radiolabeled 32P‐DNA‐probes had been used in studies of PXR‐DNA interactions. There is an increasing need for nonradioactive assays, due to the health, safety and environmental issues. In the current study, we present a protocol for the nonradioactive electrophoretic mobility shift assay, allowing studying interactions between human PXR with promoter DNA sequences.
Shake table testing and numerical simulation of a self‐centering energy dissipative braced frame
Authors: Erochko Jeffrey , Christopoulos Constantin , Tremblay Robert , Kim Hyung‐Joon
Published: April 2013

The self‐centering energy dissipative (SCED) brace is a new steel bracing member that provides both damping to the structure and a re‐centering capability. The goal of this study was to confirm the behavior of SCED braces within complete structural systems and to confirm the ability to model these systems with both a state‐of‐the‐art computer model as well as a simplified model that would be useful to practicing engineers. To these ends, a three‐story SCED‐braced frame was designed and constructed for testing on a shake table. Two concurrent computer models of the entire frame were constructed: one using the opensees nonlinear dynamic modeling software, and a simplified model using the commercial structural analysis software sap2000. The frame specimen was subjected to 12 significant earthquakes without any adjustment or modification between the tests. The SCED braces prevented residual drifts in the frame, as designed, and did not show any significant degradation due to wear. Both numerical models were able to predict the drifts, story shears, and column forces well. Peak story accelerations were overestimated in the models; this effect was found to be caused by the absence of transitions at stiffness changes in the hysteretic model of the braces. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making Medical Decisions in Dependence of Genetic Background: Estimation of the Utility of DNA Testing in Clinical, Pharmaco‐Epidemiological or Genetic Studies
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Trang , Schäfer Helmut , Timmesfeld Nina
Published: April 2013

An index measuring the utility of testing a DNA marker before deciding between two alternative treatments is proposed which can be estimated from pharmaco‐epidemiological case‐control or cohort studies. In the case‐control design, external estimates of the prevalence of the disease and of the frequency of the genetic risk variant are required for estimating the utility index. Formulas for point and interval estimates are derived. Empirical coverage probabilities of the confidence intervals were estimated under different scenarios of disease prevalence, prevalence of drug use, and population frequency of the genetic variant. To illustrate our method, we re‐analyse pharmaco‐epidemiological case‐control data on oral contraceptive intake and venous thrombosis in carriers and non‐carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation. We also re‐analyse cross‐sectional data from the Framingham study on a gene‐diet interaction between an APOA2 polymorphism and high saturated fat intake on obesity. We conclude that the utility index may be helpful to evaluate and appraise the potential clinical and public health relevance of gene‐environment interaction effects detected in genomic and candidate gene association studies and may be a valuable decision support for designing prospective studies on the clinical utility.
Dynamic landslide processes revealed by broadband seismic records
Authors: Yamada Masumi , Kumagai Hiroyuki , Matsushi Yuki , Matsuzawa Takanori
Published: April 2013

We use broadband seismic recordings to trace the dynamic process of the deep‐seated Akatani landslide that occurred on the Kii Peninsula, Japan, which is one of the best recorded large slope failures. Combining analyses of the seismic records with precise topographic surveys done before and after the event, we can resolve a detailed time history of the mass movement. During 50 s of the large landslide, we observe a smooth initiation, acceleration with changes in basal friction, and reversal of the momentum when the mass collides with the opposite valley wall. Of particular importance is the determination of the dynamic friction during the landslide. The coefficient of friction is estimated to be 0.56 at the beginning of the event and drops to 0.38 for most of the sliding. The change in the frictional level on the sliding surface may be due to liquefaction or breaking of rough patches and contributes to the extended propagation of the large landslide.
MULTILATERAL CONTRACTING AND PREVENTION
Authors: Pope Brandon , Deshmukh Abhijit , Johnson Andrew , Rohack James
Published: April 2013

Incentives created through contracts can be used as a means of decentralized control in healthcare systems to ensure more efficient healthcare. In this paper, we consider an insurer contracting with a consumer and a provider. We focus on the trade‐off between ex ante moral hazard and insurance, and consider both consumer and provider incentives in the insurer's contracting problem in the presence of unobservable preventive efforts. We study two cases of provider efforts: those that complement consumer efforts and those that substitute for consumer efforts. In the first case, our results show that the provider must have greater incentives when the consumer is healthy to induce effort and that inducing provider effort allows an insurer to offer a more complete insurance contract relative to the bilateral benchmark. In the second case, we state conditions under which these conclusions continue to hold. On the basis of our findings, we discuss the implications and challenges of multilateral contracting in practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting swallow outcome following treatment for advanced oral and oropharyngeal malignancies
Authors: Kalavrezos Nicholas , Cotrufo Stefano , Govender Roganie , Rogers Pauline , Pirgousis Phil , Balasundram Sathesh , Lalabekyan Bagrat , Liew Colin
Published: April 2013

Background

Treatment for tumors of the oral cavity and the oropharynx disrupts normal swallow function. The ability for oral diet postoperatively varies and may be influenced by surgery and patient‐related factors.

Methods

In all, 114 patients treated with surgery with and without chemoradiotherapy for advanced oral/oropharyngeal cancer were recruited. Clinicopathologic tumor parameters and reconstruction modalities were recorded. Swallow function was determined by oral intake, using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) pretreatment and posttreatment.

Results

The median time to first attaining swallow function was 14 days. Patients were less likely to attain tube independence within 1 year of surgery if they received radiotherapy or had a low FOIS score preoperatively. Patients' time to first attaining swallow function postsurgery was inversely related to the FOIS score presurgery.

Conclusions

Swallow function recovery postsurgery is better in patients with higher FOIS presurgery, smaller tumors, and no requirement for radiotherapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 47–54, 2014
Neck spasm after chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer: Natural history and dosimetric correlates
Authors: Hunter Klaudia U. , Worden Francis , Bradford Carol , Prince Mark , McLean Scott , Wolf Gregory , Chepeha Douglas B. , Eisbruch Avraham
Published: April 2013

Background

Little is known about the determinants of postradiation neck spasms in patients with head and neck cancer.

Methods

Patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiation therapy (RT) from 2004 to 2010 who experienced neck spasms werereviewed. Radiation doses were generated for their sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles bilaterally. Unaffected SCMs were used as controls.

Results

Thirty‐four patients reported neck spasms. Thirty had received definitive chemoradiation, and 4 had RT alone. Seven also had an ipsilateral neck dissection. Median time to onset was 23 months (range, 6–67 months). There were significantly higher radiation doses to the affected SCMs with a median of the mean dose to the affected and unaffected SCM of 62.3 Gy (range, 29–71 Gy) and 53.7 Gy (range, 27–65 Gy), respectively (p < .0001). Other dosimetric variables were also statistically significant but were highly correlated with the mean SCM dose. Neck dissection did not affect our results.

Conclusion

Neck spasms after chemotherapy intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) shows a strong dose–response relationship. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 176–180, 2014
Regional vulnerability of hippocampal subfields and memory deficits in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pereira Joana B. , Junqué Carme , Bartrés‐Faz David , Ramírez‐Ruiz Blanca , Marti Maria‐Jose , Tolosa Eduardo
Published: April 2013

Neuropathological studies show the hippocampus is affected in Parkinson's disease (PD), with the second subfield of the cornu armonis (CA2) being the most involved. Our aims were to assess in vivo volumes of different hippocampal subfields in patients with PD with and without visual hallucinations using MRI and test their association with verbal learning and long‐term recall. A total of 18 nondemented PD patients, 18 nondemented PD patients with visual hallucinations and 18 neurologically unimpaired elderly controls matched by age and gender were enrolled in this study. We assessed the volumes of seven hippocampal subfields on MRI, including the cornu armonis (CA) sectors, subiculum, presubiculum, and the dentate gyrus (DG) using a novel technique that enables automated volumetry. The CA2‐3 and CA4‐DG subfields were significantly smaller in both groups of patients, while the subiculum was only reduced in PD patients with visual hallucinations, compared to controls. Significant correlations were found between learning performance and CA2‐3 as well as CA4‐DG volumes in the whole patient sample. These data show there is regional atrophy of specific hippocampal subfields in PD, which is more severe and further extends to the subiculum in patients with visual hallucinations. Our findings indicate that learning deficits are associated with volume loss in subfields that act as input regions in the hippocampal circuit, suggesting that degeneration in these regions could be responsible for cognitive dysfunction in PD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward single‐walled carbon nanotube–gadolinium complex as advanced MRI contrast agents: Pharmacodynamics and global genomic response in small animals
Authors: Avti Pramod K. , Talukdar Yahfi , Sirotkin Matvey V. , Shroyer Kenneth R. , Sitharaman Balaji
Published: April 2013

Gadolinium nanoparticle‐catalyzed single‐walled carbon nanotubes (Gd‐SWCNTs) have recently shown potentialin vitroas high‐performanceT1magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs). Their preclinical safety assessment at nontoxic dosages is essential for MRI applications. Herein, thein vivo(in rats) pharmacodynamics of Gd‐SWCNTs (water solubilized with the amphiphilic polymer PEG‐DSPE) at the organ, tissue, molecular, and genetic level is reported. Gd‐SWCNT, commercially available iron catalyzed SWCNTs (Fe‐SWCNTs, control 1) and PEG‐DSPE (control 2) solutions were intravenously injected at a potential nontoxic therapeutic dose (0.5 mg/kg body weight, single bolus). Postinjection, bright‐field optical microscopy showed their macroscale distribution in lung, liver, kidney, brain, and spleen up to 5 days. Raman and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed their presence at the nanoscale within hepatocytes. Their effects on the host organ tissue, molecular, and genetic level were analyzed after 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days by histology, biomolecular [lipid peroxidation, plasma tumor necrosis factor TNF‐α assay, microarrays] assays. The results indicate that Gd‐SWCNTs neither cause any inflammation, nor damage to the above organs, nor any significant change in the lipid peroxidation or plasma proinflammatory cytokine (TNF‐α) levels for all the groups at all time points. Global gene expression profile of liver (main organ for the metabolism) after day 1 treatment with Gd‐SWCNTs shows that the gene regulation is directed toward maintaining normal homeostasis. The results taken together indicate that PEG‐DSPE water‐solubilized Gd‐SWCNTs at potentially nontoxic dosages have pharmacodynamics similar to other commercially available Fe‐SWCNTs and are suitable for future preclinical development asin vivoMRI CAs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 3‐(Substituted arylmethyl)‐4‐acylaminomethyloxazolidin‐2‐ones and Derivatization to Symmetrical Twin‐Drug Type Molecules
Authors: Fujisaki Fumiko , Hiromatsu Sachi , Matsumura Yumiko , Fukami Aki , Kashige Nobuhiro , Miake Fumio , Sumoto Kunihiro
Published: April 2013

In connection with our studies on antibacterial active compounds in the class of new oxazolidinones against Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) strains, some molecular modifications were attempted. In this study, molecular modifications of 4‐aminomethyloxazolidin‐2‐ones (3a) to the corresponding 4‐acylaminomethyloxazolidin‐2‐one derivatives (3c–d) and preparations of the represented twin‐drug type molecules (10–14) were investigated. Some additional 4‐dialkylaminomethyloxazolidin‐2‐ones (2) were also synthesized. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity with Gram‐positive (S. aureus) and Gram‐negative (E. coli) strains.
Synthesis of Triazole and Isoxazole Based Novel Unsymmetrical Bis‐heterocycles
Authors: Shafi Syed , Singh S. , Haider S. , Mahendhar Reddy D. , Alam M. S. , Narayana Swamy G. , Kumar H. M. S.
Published: April 2013

Novel unsymmetrical bis‐heterocyclic compounds encompassing triazole and isoxazole moieties were synthesized by employing 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition/click chemistry approach using 5‐butynyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and 5‐butynyl isoxazoles.
Substituted 4‐Oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Esters by a Tandem Imine Addition‐SNAr Reaction
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Schammerhorn James E. , Sigle Jessica
Published: April 2013

A tandem imine addition‐SNAr annulation reaction has been developed as a new approach to the synthesis of 4‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic esters. A series of these structures has been generated by reacting selected imines with tert‐butyl 2‐fluoro‐5‐nitrobenzoylacetate. Structural variations in the final products are accomplished by changing the substituents on the imine and the alkyl group of the ester. The title compounds are isolated as their enols in 55–97% yield without the need for added base or catalysts. The synthesis of the starting materials as well as mechanistic studies and further synthetic conversions of the products are presented.
Late gadolinium enhancement in the assessment of the infarcted mouse heart: A longitudinal comparison with manganese‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Skårdal Kristine , Rolim Natale P.L. , Haraldseth Olav , Goa Pål Erik , Thuen Marte
Published: April 2013

Purpose

To evaluate late gadolinium‐enhanced (LGE) assessment of infarct size, a comparison with manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), and histology was performed in a permanent infarction model in the mouse at the acute and chronic stage.

Materials and Methods

In a paired fashion at the acute and chronic stage after infarction (3–4 days and 21 days, respectively), LGE and MEMRI was performed using a self‐gated fast low flip angle shot (FLASH). Infarct size was evaluated as the enhanced area relative to the complete myocardial wall area in a mid‐ventricular slice. Paired comparisons were made between contrast agents and between timepoints, as well as to histology.

Results

At the acute stage, LGE delineated a larger infarct size as compared to both MEMRI and histology. Infarct size from LGE decreased from the acute to chronic stage, a temporal development not seen with MEMRI. At the chronic stage, no significant differences in infarct size were found between the methods.

Conclusion

This study indicates an overenhancement of infarct size when using LGE, supported by an initial overestimation at the acute stage and a temporal decrease in infarct size from the acute to chronic stage, as compared to infarct size from MEMRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1388–1394. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Noncontrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and venography imaging with enhanced angiography
Authors: Ye Yongquan , Hu Jiani , Wu Dongmei , Haacke E. Mark
Published: April 2013

Purpose

To achieve simultaneous high‐resolution magnetic resonance angiography and venography (MRAV) imaging in terms of enhanced time‐of‐flight (TOF) angiography and susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI), with a clear separation of arteries and veins.

Materials and Methods

A new flow rephase/dephase interleaved double‐echo sequence was introduced that facilitates multiple types of imaging contrast, i.e., TOF, SWI, and dark blood, in a single acquisition. A nonlinear subtraction (NLS) method is proposed and assessed to maximally enhance angiography contrast with minimum venous contamination.

Results

Fully flow rephased TOF MRA and SWI MRV data were acquired simultaneously, along with an extra flow dephased dark blood image for angiography enhancement calculation. Compared to linear subtraction methods, the proposed NLS method was able to enhance angiography contrast while effectively eliminating vein‐tissue contrast. The NLS method even outperformed low‐dose contrast‐enhanced MRA for a clean, enhanced angiography map.

Conclusion

Using the proposed interleaved double‐echo sequence along with the NLS postprocessing method, one can simultaneously obtain both high‐quality SWI and significantly enhanced TOF MRA with clear separation of arterial and venous maps. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1539–1548. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The electronic origin of unusually large nJFN coupling constants in some fluoroximes
Authors: Favaro Denize C. , Contreras Rubén H. , Tormena Cláudio F.
Published: April 2013

SOPPA(CCSD) calculations show that the FC term is the most important contribution to the through‐space transmission of JFN coupling constants for the fluoroximes studied in this work. Because of the well‐known behavior of FC term, a new rationalization for the experimental TSJFN SSCC is presented. It is mainly based on the overlap matrix (Sij) between fluorine and nitrogen lone pairs obtained from NBO analyses. An expression is proposed to take into account the influence of the electronic density (Dij) between coupled nuclei as well as the s% character at the site of the coupling nuclei of bonds and non‐bonding electron pairs involved in Dij. In using this approach, a linear correlation between TSJFN versus Dij is obtained. The most important aspect of this rationalization is related to the facility for understanding the behavior of some unusual experimental coupling constants. It is shown that, at least in this case, the electronic origin of the so‐called through‐space coupling is transmitted through to the overlap of orbitals on the coupled atoms, suggesting that, at least for these compounds, instead of through‐space coupling, it should better be dubbed as ‘through overlapping orbital coupling’. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fiber type characterization in skeletal muscle by diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Scheel Michael , von Roth Philipp , Winkler Tobias , Arampatzis Adamantios , Prokscha Torben , Hamm Bernd , Diederichs Gerd
Published: April 2013

Fiber type distribution within a skeletal muscle, i.e. the quantification of the relative amount of type 1 (slow‐twitching) and type 2 (fast‐twitching) muscle fibers, is of great interest for the monitoring of the effects of training or the treatment of muscle diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a tool for noninvasive fiber type quantification in human skeletal muscle. The right calves of 12 healthy volunteers were examined using DTI at 1.5 T. Standard DTI parameters, including fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean, radial and parallel diffusivity (MD, RD and PD, respectively), were determined in the soleus muscle. Fiber type proportion and mean fiber diameter within the soleus muscle were quantified from tissue specimens obtained via a fine needle biopsy. Linear regression analysis tested for associations between DTI and biopsy results. FA values were correlated significantly with fiber type proportion, such that higher FA values indicated a higher proportion of type 1 fibers (R2 = 0.5, p = 0.01). This was based on lower diffusivity perpendicular to the main axis of the fiber in subjects with a higher type 1 fiber proportion (RD: R2 = 0.52, p = 0.008). MD was also correlated with the proportion of type 1 fibers (R2 = 0.37, p = 0.037), whereas PD showed no significant correlation. DTI is a promising method for the noninvasive estimation of fiber type proportion in skeletal muscle. This technique may be used to monitor training effects or may be further developed as a biomarker in certain muscle diseases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase separation structure and interfacial properties of lattice‐patterned liquid crystal–polymer composites prepared from multicomponent prepolymers
Authors: Sung Shi‐Joon , Jung Eun‐Ae , Sim Kyoseung , Kim Dae‐Hwan , Cho Kuk Young
Published: April 2013

Lattice‐patterned liquid crystal (LC)–polymer composites are representative candidates for the practical application of LC materials in high‐quality flexible displays. In this work, multicomponent prepolymers are used for the fabrication of lattice‐patterned LC–polymer composites via photoinduced phase separation. Phase separation behavior between LC and polymer is closely related to the solubility parameter of acrylate monomers in the prepolymers. The lattice structure of polymer walls formed by photoinduced phase separation between LC and polymers is stoichiometrically controlled by the composition of acrylate monomers with various solubility parameters. However, unlike the polymer wall structure, it is impossible to control the LC–polymer wall interfacial properties just by altering the composition of the acrylate monomers. The interfacial properties are found to be predominantly affected by a specific component, a fluorinated acrylate monomer, in the prepolymers, and thus the anchoring energy of polymer walls is controlled by incorporation of the fluorinated acrylate monomer. By selecting an appropriate combination of acrylate monomers in the prepolymers, both the phase separation structure and driving properties of lattice‐patterned LC–polymer composites can be controlled simultaneously. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Oxygen‐releasing biomaterials for tissue engineering
Authors: Camci‐Unal Gulden , Alemdar Neslihan , Annabi Nasim , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: April 2013

Due to the increasing demand to generate thick and vascularized tissue‐engineered constructs, novel strategies are currently being developed. An emerging example is the generation of oxygen‐releasing biomaterials to tackle mass transport and diffusion limitations within engineered tissue constructs. Biomaterials containing oxygen‐releasing molecules can be fabricated in various forms, such as hybrid thin films, microparticles or three dimensional scaffolds. In this perspective, we summarize various oxygen‐releasing reagents and their potential applications in regenerative engineering. Moreover, we review the main approaches for fabricating oxygen‐releasing biomaterials for a range of tissue engineering applications. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Radical copolymerization of alkyl cyclobutenecarboxylates fused with cycloaliphatic framework with alkyl (meth)acrylates
Authors: Ihara Eiji , Ueda Takafumi , Yokoyama Kotaro , Fujiwara Yuka , Inoue Kenzo , Itoh Tomomichi , Shimomoto Hiroaki , Momose Hikaru , Nodono Mitsufumi
Published: April 2013

Radical copolymerization behavior of alkyl cyclobutenecarboxylate‐derivatives 4‐6 and related norbornene‐derived compounds 7–9 is described. A variety of alkyl cyclobutenecarboxylates fused with cycloaliphatic framework (4–6) were prepared by [2 + 2] cycloaddition of five, six, and eight‐membered cycloolefins with alkyl propiolates [alkyl = Me, 2‐hydroxyethyl, and 3‐γ‐butyrolactonyl (γ‐BL)]. The fused cyclobutenecarboxylates 4–6 were radically copolymerized with n‐butyl acrylate (nBA) to afford random copolymers, and terpolymerized with alkyl methacrylates with bulky ester groups [alkyl = γ‐BL and 3‐(3‐methyladamantyl)]. The cyclobutane‐containing bicyclic framework incorporated in the resulting polymer backbone contributes to raising Tg of resulting copolymers. Similar results were obtained when a mixture of related norbornene‐derived compounds were used as monomers with an apparently enhanced Tg‐raising effect in the copolymerization with nBA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2716–2724
Enrollment Logics and Discourses: Toward Developing an Enrollment Knowledge Framework
Authors: Snowden Monique L.
Published: April 2013

This article brings attention to a typology of enrollment knowledge possessed and enacted by contemporary chief enrollment officers. Interview narratives are used to reveal enrollment principles and associated actions—enrollment logics—that form enrollment discourses, which in turn shape the institutionalized presence of strategic enrollment management, particularly in North American higher education.
Estimating the Market Demand and Elasticity for Enrollment at an Institution
Authors: Wohlgemuth Darin
Published: April 2013

This article presents an applied research framework that can be helpful in tuition and net price policy discussions. It is the classic microeconomic concept of market demand applied to enrollment management in higher education. The policy relevance includes measuring a response to price. For example, the results of this model will allow the enrollment manager to determine the percentage change in enrollment from a given percentage change in tuition.

This article presents the steps to develop an empirical market demand curve to answer the question of how much enrollment changes when specific factors change. The data used in this approach is available at most institutions. Data is analyzed using ordinary least squares regression, and policy recommendations are made based on these empirical findings. The approach can be replicated with institutional data and staff with basic skills in regression analysis.