bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISCP: An Instantaneous and Secure Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bomgni Alain Bertrand , Foko Sindjoung Miguel Landry , Bomgni Alain Bertrand , Tagne Fute Elie , Chalhoub Gérard , Tayou Djamegni Clémentin
Published: April 2018

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an Ad-hoc network populated by small hand-held commodity devices, running on batteries called stations or sensors. These sensors are deployed in an area called a perception zone in order to study one or more phenomena. Generally, the perception zone is an area where access is almost impossible for humans. Given the absence of a previously defined infrastructure,deployed sensors need to organize themselves to ensure not only their connectivity but also effective management of theirresidual energy. This residual energy management is more important since we know that communications over longdistances are always very energy-consuming for sensors, which most often do not have a secondary source of energy. Multi-hop communication is generally used to connect sensors in order to ensure efficient use of their energy. This being the case, multi-hop communication can be established by partitioning the network into clusters. In order to avoid malicious intrusions, all operations involvedmust be done in a secure manner. In this paper, we propose a secure clustering protocolwhich connects all the sensors of the network.
Wireless Technologies for IoT in Smart Cities
Authors: Garcia Laura , Jiménez Jose Miguel , Taha Miran , Lloret Jaime
Published: April 2018

As cities continue to grow, numerous initiatives for Smart Cities are being conducted. The concept of Smart City encompasses several concepts being governance, economy, management, infrastructure, technology and people. This means that a Smart City can have different communication needs. Wireless technologies such as WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, WiMax, 4G or LTE have presented themselves as solutions to the communication needs of Smart City initiatives. However, as most of them employ unlicensed bands, interference and coexistence problems are increasing. In this paper, the wireless technologies available nowadays for IoT in Smart Cities are reviewed. Their characteristics and their adequacy to each domain is considered. The problems derived of over-crowded unlicensed spectrum and coexistence difficulties among each technology are discussed as well. Finally, power consumption concerns are addressed.
The Effect of Multiple Intelligence Theory on Students’ Academic Success in The Subject of Geometric Shapes in Elementary School
Authors: Batdal Karaduman Gülşah , Cihan Halime
Published: April 2018

The aim of the research is to investigate whether "Teaching Mathematics for the 2nd grade of elementary school in an appropriate way for the theory of multiple intelligences on geometric subjects" has any impact on students’ academic achievement or not. The research is an experimental study and it was conducted with the students of the 2nd grade class in a primary school in Küçükçekmece province of Istanbul in 2016-2017 education year. A total of 60 students participated in the research, 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. In the control group, while the subject "geometric objects" was taught using traditional methods, the same subject in the experimental group was taught by curriculums prepared in accordance with the Multiple Intelligence Theory. The study lasted for 4 weeks together with the applications of test development, pre-test, post-test and course work. The application was performed by researchers. The data obtained from the application were evaluated in the SPSS 22 Program. As a result of the evaluations made, it was concluded that the lesson which was taught by using the curriculums prepared according to the Multiple Intelligences Theory had a more positive effect on student achievement compared to the lesson which was taught using traditional methods.Keywords: Multiple Intelligence Theory, Mathematics, Geometry, Academic Achievement
The Effect of Leaders’ Adoption of Task-Oriented or Relationship-Oriented Leadership Style on Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), In the Organizations That Are Active In Service Sector: A Research on Tourism Agencies
Authors: Ruzgar Nilufer
Published: April 2018

It is essential in all organizations to provide integration of human resources and the organization, in terms of organizational effectiveness. In organizations that are active in service sector, this integration is especially important because of the fact that the employees are in face-to-face relationship with the customers. In this sense, the extent of responsibility on managers/leaders, is really important. Managers/leaders in organizations can adopt a leadership style and behave as “Task (Work) Oriented” or “Employee (Relationship) Oriented”. The style that is adopted by the leader, has a considerable effect on their relationship with employees.Leader-member Exchange Theory (LMX) is the leading theory that scrutinizes endogeneity and exogeneity. LMX, codes human resources as inner-group and outer-group in the context of leader-member exchange. The leadership styles that are adopted by the managers, have great impact on the exchange among leaders and subordinates. Thus, the subordinates perceive their situation either inner-group members or outer-group members.The purpose of this study, is to find out the effect of the leadership style that is adopted by the managers on Leader-Member Exchange (LMX). In this context, a survey method is applied to the tourism agencies that are active in Yalova, Turkey. The survey consists Fiedler’s LPC (least preferred co-worker) measure, Leader-member Exchange measure and demographical questions. According to the results, there is no statistically significant effect of Task Oriented leadership style on Self Oriented dimension of LMX. On the other hand, it has been found that there is statistically significant effect of Relationship Oriented Leadership Style on Self Oriented dimension of LMX.
“Talking the walk to walk the talk”: A qualitative report of patients’ experiences of undergraduate nursing students using motivational interviewing
Authors: Howard Lisa Michele
Published: April 2018

Background and objective: Motivational interviewing (MI) is a communication style adopted by health professionals to support patient-centered decision making about behavior change. Little is known about how patients respond to this relational approach when it is used by baccalaureate students. Thus, the study aim was to explore how patients experience MI by undergraduate nursing students when it is used to support health behavior change for vascular risk reduction.Methods: A focused ethnography was undertaken to explore the tacit and explicit dimensions of patient health behavior change as it evolved through MI encounters with nursing students. The research setting was a post-secondary institution in Canada and comprised a sample of 16 patients who received MI by the nursing students, 2 clinical instructors who teach MI, and 20 third-year nursing students who used MI as part of a 13-week community based clinical experience. Data sources included participant observations, field notes and one-to-one interviews.Results: Patients described their encounters with nursing students using MI as novel, relative to typical instances with health providers, and foundational to supporting lifestyle change. The patients’ overall experience is characterized by a thematic arc of ‘talking the walk to walk the talk’. Motivational interviewing helped patients integrate personalized information about the meaning of vascular health, deliberate on options and initiate lifestyle changes to promote health. In most cases, patients translated knowledge and experience from their motivational encounters with nursing students into subsequent health management activities.Conclusions: Through their experiences of nursing students using MI, patients understood the personal implications of vascular health, took action on relevant goals and applied lessons learned to future behavior change efforts. The results contribute new information about how patients respond to MI from baccalaureate nursing students and reinforce current understanding of how change talk contributes to subsequent change behavior.
Influence of Product Quality on Organizational Performance of Seed Maize Companies in Kenya
Authors: Jonga Munyaradzi , Waiganjo Esther , Njeru Agnes
Published: April 2018

A number of new seed entrepreneurs were established in Kenya, however, the majority of them fail to achieve the required business growth and competiveness. As a result, they remain small and producing less quantities of seed compared to the few large seed companies in the same market. This study evaluated the influence of product quality on organizational performance of seed maize companies in Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design to collect data from the target population which comprised of seed maize companies in Kenya. The sampling frame of the study was the registered seed maize companies at the Seed Trade Association of Kenya which was the unit of analysis while the respondents were the managerial employees within the seed companies and key seed experts in Kenya. Primary data was obtained by administering questionnaires to four employees within each seed company. The four employees were randomly selected from the production, marketing, finance and warehousing departments. The key seed experts were selected through snow balling and judgment technique. Interviews were conducted with the selected seed experts. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. Factor analysis was done to establish the appropriateness of the questionnaire constructs. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Inferential statistics included the use of bivariate analysis and the study used the Pearson correlation coefficient. The study also ran a multiple regression model in order to establish the effect of product quality on organizational performance of seed maize companies. Results indicated that the original source of seed can affect product credibility and sales, seed certification standards influenced product credibility and sales, characteristics of seed varieties affect product performance and use of hotlines to report seed failure influences the credibility of the seed and the distributor. The study concludes that managers can increase profitability by putting in place appropriate quality management systems (QMS) and product quality standardization of seeds produced to ensure high quality seed. The study recommends that the management of seed companies should ensure they embark on improving the product quality of seeds produced so as to meet customer requirements and enhance the firm’s performance. This can be achieved by implementing appropriate QMS, securing contracts with large farmers who have irrigation facilities to guarantee adequate seed fields isolation, high productivity and quality seed production.
Phytometal Availability, Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Compounds of Genipa americana L. (Rubiaceae) Fruits
Authors: Avila Oneil Valerio , Fernández Ismael Montero , Costa Habdel Nasser Rocha da , Santos Ricardo Carvalho dos , Ribeiro Pedro Rômulo Estevam , Melo Valdinar Ferreira , Melo Ana Cristina Gonçalves Reis de , Silva Duarte Ednalva Dantas Rodrigues da , Melho Filho Antonio Alves de
Published: April 2018

The present work studied the fruits of genipap (Genipa americana L.) occurring in the city of Boa Vista, Roraima, State, Brazil. The content of the following minerals being evaluated: B, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Zn and their antioxidant activity on pulp, peel, seeds and oil extracted from the seeds. The levels of the minerals present in the different parts of the fruit were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES) and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS). The mineral with the highest content was the potassium found in the peel (1,248.48±4.59 mg 100 g-1). The studies showed that the phenolic compounds are closely related to the antioxidant activity, in this study the peel presented the highest phenolic compounds content 712.21±11.04 mg GAE 100 g-1 and the pulp showed the highest capacity of Capture of the DPPH free radical of 661.34±17.12 EC50 mg mL-1, thus the genipap is a fruit with a potential food of the Roraima region.
Growth of Fertilized Maize via Fertirrigation and Foundation With Treated Human Urine and Cassava Wastewater
Authors: Ramos Jailton G. , Lima Vera Lucia A. de , Santos Eliton S. G. , Medeiros Gibran O. de , Pereira Mariana De O. , Guimarães Rafaela F. B. , Borges Vitória E. , Sobrinho Thiago G. , Ramos Gessica G.
Published: April 2018

The agricultural reuse of wastewater is already a reality in several countries of the world. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of hybrid corn AG 1051 grown in fertilized soil via the foundation and fertirrigation with the combination of human urine and treated cassava and NPK in protected environment.The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraíba. The experimental design was the completely randomized one with 14 treatments and four replications, being two experiments, one fertilized via foundation and the other via fertigation. The treatments were as follows: T1 (NPK), T2 (470 mL), T3 (670 mL), T4 (870 mL), T5 (1070 mL), T6 (1270 mL), T7 (1470 mL) applied via fertilization of fertirrigado, and the same dosages applied via fertirrigation corresponding to T9 mineral fertilization, and T10, T11, T13 and T14 the different doses of organic fertilization. There was an average increase of 17.32% in the Index of Emergency Speed for the seeds that were cultivated in soil fertilized with T3 and T4 in relation to the one fertilized with NPK (T1), the soil fertilized with T3 was the one that presented the highest %E (Emergency Percentage) with 98, 81%. At 15 days after the emergency (DAE), the chemical fertilization through the foundation promoted greater leaf area gain differently than at 65 DAE. The organic fertilization via fertigation promoted the highest gains for absolute and relative growth rates of plant height stem diameter and number of leaves.
Competition Indices and Their Relationship With Basal Area Increment of Araucaria
Authors: Costa Emanuel Arnoni , Finger César Augusto Guimarães , Hess André Felipe
Published: April 2018

Models that report the effect of competition are important for forest management since forests with higher levels of competition have lower increment rates, and their use is necessary to plan forest interventions. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of competition in the basal area increment of individual trees of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze in a natural forest. A total of 397 subject trees were measured, covering the diametric range. The dendrometric and morphometric characteristics of subject trees and their competitors were obtained, and 22 distance-dependent and distance-independent competition indices were calculated, in addition to increment cores extracted radially from the trunk at diameter at breast height. The relationship between models of periodic annual increment in basal area based on competition indices has allowed to obtain R2 values of 0.425 and Syx% ≥ 50.2. The multivariate technique of principal component analysis has shown that three principal components explain 78.43% of total variation. The first component was responsible for explaining 52.95%, with similar eigenvector for 11 competition indices, evidencing that these models can be used to describe especies competition, although they show different variables and mathematical equations in calculations. Results show the importance of competition to predict increment of Araucaria in individual trees.
Agronomic Performance of Soybean Intercropped With Cover Crops and the Effects of Lime and Gypsum Application
Authors: Ferreira Junior Osvaldo Jose , Bortolon Leandro , Borghi Emerson , Oliveira Bortolon Elisandra Solange , Camargo Francelino Peteno de , Silva Rubens Ribeiro da , Nicolodi Margarete , Gianello Clesio
Published: April 2018

Soybean is the major crop in the Brazilian Cerrado region. Tocantins state has been increasing soybean production mostly into degraded pasture. However, cover crops such as forages crops are important to implement in regional soybean agricultural systems to increase systems resilience due to climate variability. There is a lack of information regarding to agronomic performance of soybean intercropped with cover crops under no-tillage. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications in factorial 7 × 2. Seven soybean cultivation systems were tested: 1) soybean intercropped with Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; 2) soybean intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis; 3) soybean intercropped with Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça; 4) soybean intercropped with Panicum infestans cv. Massai; 5) soybean intercropped with Pennisetum americanum; 6) soybean followed by Pennisetum americanum; and 7) soybean and fallow. Two soil acidity and amelioration were tested: 1) with lime and gypsum application; 2) without lime and gypsum application. Soybean grain yield, plant height and number of pods per plant were different. Soybean grain yield were higher with lime ad gypsum application. The highest soybean plants height were observed in the treatments where lime and gypsum were applied, and with soybean intercropped with P. maximun and Millet. Soybean number of pods was positively affected P. infestans intercropped with soybean. There was no significant difference among treatments for mass per 100 seeds. Cover crops showed suitable to increase agronomic performance of soybean.
Collect Seasons, Indolebutyric Acid and Substrates on Rooting of ‘Bengal’ Lychee Cuttings
Authors: Colombo Ronan C. , Assis Adriane M. de , Favetta Vanessa , Yamamoto Lilian Y. , Roberto Sergio R.
Published: April 2018

Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) propagation by cuttings is a promising alternative in commercial production of seedlings, since it is an easy procedure, in addition to enabling the standardization in the field and the reduction in production costs. Therefore the objective of this work was to evaluate ‘Bengal’ lychee cuttings rooting, collected in spring and summer, using different concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and substrates. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, with 5 replications and 10 cuttings per plot, and the following factors were adopted: IBA concentrations (0; 1,000 and 2,000 mg L-1) and types of substrates (carbonized rice husk, vermiculite medium granules and coconut fiber). At 140 days, the following variables were evaluated: cuttings survival; leaf maintenance; cuttings unrooted with calli; cuttings rooted; roots number per cutting; root length and root dry mass. In addition, the pH, electrical conductivity, density and water retention capacity of the substrates were evaluated. There was no difference in IBA concentrations applied in both evaluated periods. However, in the spring, the carbonized rice husk provided highest mean for the measured variables. On the other hand, in the summer, the rooting percentage presented a lower average in all substrates (< 1%), independent of the IBA concentrations. It was concluded that the ‘Bengal’ lychee propagation by cutting can be carried out in the spring, using carbonized rice husk as substrate, without IBA.
Marketing Efficiency of Date in Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Emam Abda Abdalla , Abu-Algasim Wafa Abd-Alrhaim
Published: April 2018

The study aimed to measure the marketing efficiency of date at wholesalers in Khartoum State in the year 2013. The study depended mainly on primary data which was collected through questionnaire. About 35 of wholesaler were selected through simple random sampling. Also, secondary data was collected from sources related to topic of the study. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics tool. Also, quantitative analysis techniques were used to calculate net marketing margins and marketing efficiency for wholesalers. The study revealed that 82.9% of wholesalers bought the product from local traders. On the other hand, about 68.6% of wholesalers sold their product to retailers. About 25.30, 33.20, 13.30 and 7.40 SG/Sack represented Gross Marketing Margins for Gondaila, Tomoda, Brakawie and Gawa, respectively. About 25.25, 6.15, -13.75 and -20.65 SG/Sack represented Net Marketing Margins for Gondaila, Tomoda, Brakawie and Gawa, respectively. The Shepherd’s Formula indicated that Gondaila, Tomoda, Brakawie and Gawa got marketing efficiency equal to 17.41, 13.09, 06.06 and 02.45, respectively. The main obstacles that facing wholesalers in marketing of date were follows: transportation cost, taxes, losses and finance. Increasing Net Marketing Margins at wholesaler’s Brakawie and Gawa in Khartoum market through reducing marketing costs (minimize economics and normal risks (balance between supply and demand beside control store pest) transportation and taxes cost items). In this efficiency activity, investment and credit services should be encouraged and provided, respectively.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 10, No. 5
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: April 2018

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 10, No. 5, 2018.
Challenges to National Park Conservation and Management in Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Firew Bekele , Bekele Solomon Estifanos
Published: April 2018

National parks are areas of land protected to conserve native plants and animals and their habitats, places of natural attractiveness, historic heritage and native cultures. The objective of this review paper was to identify challenges affecting conservation and management of national parks in Ethiopia and based on review results, to suggest management strategies that can bring solutions to the problems. Lack of sense of ownership, limited awareness, population growth, lack of coordination, conflicts over resources, Issues of boundary/Lack of Boundary, invasive species, illegal charcoal production, climate change, and poverty are the identified challenges that are affecting the conservation and management of national parks in Ethiopia. Developing sense of ownership within community, awareness creation and development, collaborative approach and consultation among stakeholders, co-management and resolution of border issues, reduction of free grazing, invasive species utilization, care during introduction and biological control, reduction of fuel-wood consumption and increase carbon sequestration, improving incomes, institutional and policy reforms are the suggested strategies that can bring solutions to the problems.
Soil Structure and Porous System in Response to Plant Components of an Agrosilvopastoral System
Authors: Nascimento Carla Danielle Vasconcelos do , Costa Mirian Cristina Gomes , Toma Raul Shiso , Mota Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato , Menezes Ademir Silva , Cooper Miguel
Published: April 2018

Production systems of agroecological nature, such as agrosilvopastoral systems, have been considered as beneficial in various regions of the world. In semi-arid regions, these systems can contribute not only to food production, but also to soil conservation. Considering the specificities of each plant component, it is supposed that there is a different influence on soil structure, so that some components can be more efficient than others in the improvement of this structure. In the present study, the objective was to evaluate physical attributes with emphasis on the pore distribution, shape and size of a Luvisol in the influence area of different plant components of an agrosilvopastoral system in the semi-arid region of the Ceará state. The study was carried out in an agrosilvopastoral system established in the municipality of Sobral (Ceará, Brazil), with a completely randomized strip-plot design and four replicates. The treatments corresponded to three plant components: arbustive (Leucaena leucocephala), arboreal (Poincianella pyramidalis) and agricultural (Zea mays); and four soil layers: 0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.18, 0.18-0.25 and 0.025-0.41 m. For physical and micromorphometric analyses, undisturbed soil samples were collected in profiles in the areas covered by the plant components. The following attributes were analyzed: soil density, soil-air intrinsic permeability, soil-water characteristic curve, total porosity and pore distribution by shape and size. The soil under the influence of the components L. leucocephala and P. pyramidalis showed better structure, represented by the lower values of density, higher intrinsic permeability to the air and larger total area of pores, in comparison to the soil under the influence of Zea mays. The unfavorable result of the annual crop is due not only to the plant component, but also to the grazing of crop residues in the management system.
Het conceptwetsvoorstel ‘Wet homologatie onderhands akkoord ter voorkoming van faillissement’
Authors: van Gangelen B.S.J.M. , Gispen G.H
Published: April 2018

Het conceptwetsvoorstel ‘Wet homologatie onderhands akkoord ter voorkoming van faillissement’

In deze bijdrage gaan de auteurs aan de hand van een concrete casus in op het conceptwetsvoorstel ‘Wet homologatie onderhands akkoord ter voorkoming van faillissement’ (hierna: de WHOA). De auteurs staan stil bij een aantal materiële criteria waaraan het akkoord volgens de regels van de WHOA dient te voldoen en plaatsen daarbij enkele kanttekeningen. De auteurs concluderen dat de WHOA de schuldenaar – en soms ook de schuldeisers – een flexibel maar potentieel vérstrekkend instrument in handen geeft om met enige mate van precisie zijn bovenmatige kosten en schulden te saneren buiten surseance en faillissement.
De plannen van het kabinet-Rutte III met de (ondernemings)belastingen
Authors: Bouwman J.N.
Published: April 2018

De plannen van kabinet-Rutte III met de (ondernemings)belastingen

De formatie van het kabinet-Rutte III heeft geleid tot een groot aantal fiscale plannen. Deze hebben ook gevolgen voor ondernemers. Zo krijgen ondernemingen te maken met wijzigingen in de vennootschapsbelasting, de dividendbelasting, de inkomstenbelasting en een aantal andere belastingen. In het regeerakkoord is gezocht naar een balans tussen het tegengaan van belastingontwijking door grote ondernemingen, het in stand houden van een goed vestigingsklimaat, lastenverlichting voor iedereen en vergroening. Een en ander wordt in dit artikel besproken.
De betekenis van decharge voor stichtingbestuurders en -toezichthouders
Authors: de Jong M.
Published: April 2018

De betekenis van decharge voor stichtingbestuurders en -toezichthouders

Dit artikel neemt decharge van stichtingbestuurders en -toezichthouders onder de loep. Allereerst komt decharge bij vennootschappen (NV en BV) en de betekenis daarvan aan de orde. Daarna volgt een uiteenzetting van de wijze waarop stichtingen in de praktijk (kunnen) omgaan met decharge en de betekenis die daaraan kan worden toegekend. Afgesloten wordt met enkele suggesties over hoe de praktijk kan omgaan met decharge van stichtingbestuurders en -toezichthouders. Ik kom tot de conclusie dat voor stichtingen een wettelijke bepaling zoals voor de NV en BV in combinatie met (statutaire) modelregelingen tekort zal schieten. Het verdient mijns inziens aanbeveling om een algemene wettelijke bepaling over decharge op te nemen in het algemeen deel van Boek 2 BW.
(On)mogelijkheden van verpanding van onderhanden werk
Authors: van der Zee M.R.
Published: April 2018

(On)mogelijkheden van verpanding van onderhanden werk

Het arrest Famed/Kreikamp q.q., over de verpanding van onderhanden werk onder de geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst, geeft aanleiding voor een algemene beschouwing over de verpanding van ‘onderhanden werk’. Cruciaal voor een rechtsgeldige verpanding van onderhanden werk is of überhaupt een vordering uit hoofde van het onderhanden werk ontstaat. In het artikel wordt stilgestaan bij de overwegingen van de Hoge Raad in het arrest Famed/Kreikamp q.q. Vervolgens wordt ingegaan op de verpanding van onderhanden werk onder de overeenkomst van aanneming van werk en of in dat kader het oordeel van de Hoge Raad in Famed/Kreikamp q.q. relevant kan zijn. Voorzichtig geconcludeerd wordt dat, voor zover partijen in de overeenkomst van aanneming van werk niets zijn overeengekomen over de vordering uit hoofde van onderhanden werk, aansluiting zou kunnen worden gezocht bij het oordeel van de Hoge Raad in Famed/Kreikamp q.q.
A Spatial Layout Optimization Program Considering the Survivability of a Naval Vessel in the Early Design Stage
Authors: Jeong Yong-Kuk , Kim Youngmin , Ju Su Heon , Shin Jong Gye , Kim Jong Chul , Woo Jong Hun
Published: April 2018

As mission capability and scope of naval vessels are increasing, there has been an emphasis on the importance of survivability of naval vessels. Elements of survivability include susceptibility, vulnerability, and recoverability among which vulnerability is directly associated with the interior spatial layout of a naval vessel. However, various other elements also must be simultaneously considered in the design phase of a naval vessel. Accordingly, this study proposes a method that considers survivability an assessment factor by quantifying vulnerability in attacks, which is directly associated with the effect of spatial layout of a naval vessel. Furthermore, to automatically create spatial layout alternatives of naval vessels and efficiently deduce optimum spatial layout results, this study developed an optimization program for the spatial layout of naval vessels. The differential evolution algorithm was used for the optimization, and its effectiveness was validated by applying it to various examples.

1. Introduction

The spatial layout problem, arranging equipment and facilities that perform various functions in a limited space, requires various layout alternatives to reflect the intention of the designer. The problem of arranging equipment and compartments in a vessel can also be regarded as spatial layout problem. In particular, spatial layout of a naval vessel must consider the characteristics of the naval vessel, which performs multiple tasks such as battle, habitation, maintenance, and communication to establish systematic spatial layout strategies.

Many studies have been conducted regarding ways to perform spatial layout in light of various elements from the initial design phase of naval vessels. The intelligent ship arrangement (ISA) algorithm has been proposed by the University of Michigan research team in the United States (Parsons et al. 2008). The University College London (UCL) research team in the UK also proposed a ship design method using the design building block concept (Andrews 1998), and then extended their research to apply the simulation-based design concept (Andrews 2006). In the Netherlands, the TU Delft research team suggested a method of applying the packing approach to the initial design stage of the vessel (van Oers & Hopman 2010; van Oers 2011). Especially, the UCL research team developed the naval vessel design module SURFCON, which is applicable to the PARAMARINE ship design software. In Korea, regulations and the system for designing naval vessels and spatial layout are defined, but there are no processes or specific methodologies to apply them to the actual naval vessel design process. Therefore, spatial layout of naval vessels is being carried out based on the experience and subjective judgment of experts.
Public Safety Policy in the State of Minas Gerais (2003-2016): Agenda Problems and Path Dependence
Authors: Ribeiro Ludmila Mendonça Lopes , Lopes Ariane Gontijo
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we reconstitute the Minas Gerais state public safety policy with regard to its agenda and discontinuity over thirteen years (2003-2016). Our purpose is to present reflections that help understand the impasses which ultimately led to the burial of a reputedly successful public policy and to a return to the old way public safety has historically been managed by Brazilian federative states. Our findings inform that the priority agenda of integration promoted by the State Secretariat of Social Defense did manage to institutionalize itself for some time. Nonetheless, as the office goes through political transformations, priorities in the agenda also change, denoting path dependence, given the resumption of the institutional arrangement that existed prior to 2003, with police institutions on one side and the prison system on the other. In this context, the novelty is the permanence of prevention actions.
La Musicologie du cinéma : enjeux disciplinaires et problèmes méthodologiques
Authors: Huvet Chloé
Published: April 2018

Si la musique de cinéma a longtemps été délaissée sur le plan scientifique, en particulier dans la francophonie, la floraison d’analyses musicologiques spécialisées dans ce domaine depuis quelques décennies commence toutefois à combler cette lacune. Par un regard réflexif porté sur ce jeune champ disciplinaire qu’est la « musicologie du cinéma », il s’agira d’interroger la place de l’étude de la musique de film au sein des travaux en musicologie, afin de comprendre le désaveu dont elle a pu faire l’objet. Bien que des disparités perdurent entre les musicologies nord-américaine et française, nous montrerons que l’institutionnalisation progressive de l’étude de la musique de film et son rattachement assumé à la musicologie semblent en bon chemin. L’exposé des problématiques propres à l’étude de la musique de cinéma permettra de dégager non seulement les défis méthodologiques posé par un tel objet de recherche, mais aussi d’éclairer la manière dont elles rejoignent et réengagent nombre de réflexions animant la discipline musicologique elle-même.
Contribution à l’élaboration d’un dispositif d’évaluation de la Recherche-Intervention
Authors: MARCEL Jean-François , BEDIN Véronique
Published: April 2018

L’article s’intéresse à un type de recherche en Sciences de l’éducation qui articule des enjeux heuristiques et praxéologiques : la recherche-intervention (R-I). C’est l’évaluation de cette recherche qui constitue le coeur de ce texte à vocation méthodologique. L’ébauche d’un dispositif évaluatif d’une R-I sera présenté, avec pour objectif d’amorcer la réflexion sur le sujet. L’objet de l’évaluation est ici complexe car il oscille entre science et action, demandes sociales et commande institutionnelle. L’évaluation de la R-I s’actualisera donc à l’articulation d’approches différentes, qui empruntent leurs ressources tant dans le modèle évaluatif du contrôle, de la gestion que des valeurs.
L’Union européenne comme acteur international des politiques éducatives et sa « mallette éducative » : méthode ouverte de coordination, benchmarks, compétences clés et cadre européen des certifications
Authors: RUŞITORU Mihaela-Viorica
Published: April 2018

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, l’Union européenne est qualifiée comme étant un acteur supranational davantage présent sur la scène éducative. À travers les stratégies européennes – Lisbonne 2010 et Europe 2020 - mais aussi la méthode ouverte de coordination, une mutation incontournable s’est produite à l’échelle des États membres. Dans cet article nous nous proposons d’analyser de quelle façon l’Union européenne arrive-t-elle à s’ériger en véritable acteur éducatif. L’analyse thématique d’une quarantaine d’entretiens semi-directifs conduits auprès des fonctionnaires européens et internationaux relève que les leaders politiques européens ont préparé la « mallette éducative » pour le premier « envol » de 2010 et pour le second de 2020. Celle-ci comporte principalement les critères de référence, les compétences de base, les programmes de mobilité et le cadre européen des certifications. Si l’Union européenne peut « se féliciter » d’une visibilité politique nationale ou internationale grâce à ces propositions éducatives, l’équation géopolitique en la matière demeure toujours une inconnue.
Individual and Collective Responsiveness to Climate Change: A Response to Dwyer
Authors: Macpherson Cheryl C
Published: April 2018

James Dwyer’s story about a fictional GAIA Commission highlighted unresolved concerns about the scope of bioethics, specifically regarding the global distribution of, and responsibility for, the health impacts of climate change. This commentary discusses the potential impact of an individual on greenhouse gas emissions and the importance of engaging institutional responses in order to have meaningful impacts.
Engaging Ethical Issues Associated with Research and Public Health Interventions During Humanitarian Crises: Review of a Dialogic Workshop
Authors: Dave Anushree , Cumin Julie , Chung Ryoa , Hunt Matthew
Published: April 2018

On November 7th, 2014 the Humanitarian Health Ethics Workshop was held at McGill University, in Montreal. Co-hosted by the Montreal Health Equity Research Consortium and the Humanitarian Health Ethics Network, the event included six presentations and extensive discussion amongst participants, including researchers from Canada, Haiti, India, Switzerland and the US. Participants had training in disciplines including anthropology, bioethics, medicine, occupational therapy, philosophy, physical therapy, political science, public administration and public health. The objective of the workshop was to create a forum for discussion amongst scholars and practitioners interested in the ethics of healthcare delivery, research and public health interventions during humanitarian crises. This review is a summary of the presentations given, key themes that emerged during the day’s discussions, and avenues for future research that were identified.
Les directives anticipées des personnes atteintes d’une démence de type Alzheimer : comment faire pour bien faire?
Authors: Perreault Line
Published: April 2018

La loi sur les soins de fin de vie est effective au Québec depuis quelques semaines. Cette loi prévoit la création d’un régime de directives médicales anticipées. Le respect des directives anticipées (DA) émises en prévision d’une inaptitude s’avère un moyen éthique bienfaisant d’assurer l’autodétermination du malade dans un contexte où l’inaptitude des personnes est totale et de courte durée (ex. : cancer en phase terminale). Mais qu’en est-il lorsque la perte des habiletés décisionnelles est graduelle et échelonnée sur une longue période de temps comme c’est le cas des personnes atteintes d’une démence de type Alzheimer (DTA)? Bien que la déchéance cognitive associée à la DTA rend légitime le recours aux DA pour favoriser l’autodétermination de ces personnes, se fier uniquement à des souhaits émis verbalement ou par écrit à ses proches ou à son médecin pour orienter les soins est une démarche apparaissant éthiquement risquée. Une révision de la littérature rattachée aux DA, l’étude des particularités cliniques associées à la DTA et l’analyse critique d’un cas clinique fictif, nous permettent d’énoncer la nécessité du développement d’une approche graduelle de revalidation des ententes qui tient compte des DA de la personne souffrant d’une DTA, tout en pondérant ses souhaits à son opinion en temps réel, sa qualité de vie actuelle et celle de son soignant. Le déploiement bienfaisant des DA repose sur la capacité des acteurs impliqués à considérer cette démarche comme un processus de revalidation des ententes. Ce changement nécessaire de paradigme assure que l’actualisation de l’autodétermination des personnes atteintes d’une DTA ne se fasse pas au détriment de leur dignité, leur sécurité et leur intégrité. Une telle approche demeure à développer et à promouvoir pour les personnes atteintes d’une DTA au Québec. Des politiques de santé en ce sens et des repères normatifs spécifiques à cette clientèle doivent être rapidement mis de l’avant dans le contexte où le Québec associe le développement d’un régime de « directives médicales anticipées » à la Loi sur les soins de fin de vie.
Adolescents, neurosciences et prise de décisions médicales : devrions-nous revoir certaines dispositions du Code civil du Québec?
Authors: Brabant Brigitte
Published: April 2018

Au Québec, le mineur de 14 ans et plus peut consentir seul aux soins médicaux requis par son état de santé, sauf exception. Or, les données provenant des neurosciences indiquent que : 1) l’acquisition de la « maturité cérébrale » est un processus continu, pouvant durer jusqu’à la mi-vingtaine, et que 2) certaines habiletés décisionnelles de l’adolescent, comme l’évaluation des risques et bénéfices à court et à long terme, seraient différentes de celles des adultes, surtout dans les situations émotivement chargées. Nous soumettons que, dans une perspective de protection de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant, la réalité neurophysiologique de l’adolescent devrait être prise en compte en contexte de soins de santé. Ainsi, nous questionnons le caractère adéquat de la présomption de capacité d’exercer un jugement de façon autonome dès l’âge de 14 ans et soulignons l’aspect paradoxal de la possibilité d’une intervention judiciaire en cas de refus de traitement. Nous questionnons également la pertinence de considérations d’âge dans le cadre de la relation entre le médecin et son patient, dès lors que la détermination de la capacité décisionnelle est une composante essentielle de l’obtention d’un consentement libre et éclairé. Enfin, nous questionnons l’exclusion des parents du processus décisionnel, à la fois en regard de leur responsabilité parentale et des bénéfices que peuvent représenter leurs conseils pour l’adolescent. Par conséquent, nous soumettons qu’une évaluation du bien-fondé de l’octroi d’un pouvoir décisionnel à l’adolescent de 14 ans et plus serait souhaitable et qu’un régime uniformisé tout au long de la minorité, avec de possibles exceptions, reflèterait mieux les connaissances scientifiques actuelles.
Des animaux pour humaniser les soins : éthique des soins et récits de zoothérapie canine auprès de résidents de centres d’hébergement de soins de longue durée
Authors: Kilsdonk Caroline
Published: April 2018

En zoothérapie, les gens peuvent à la fois bénéficier d’interactions et de relations avec un humain et un animal. Ce texte présente quelques anecdotes vécues illustrant comment la zoothérapie peut contribuer au bien-être socioaffectif des patients. Ce texte souligne que notre nature sociale rend l’éthique des soins possible pour les soignants et nécessaire pour les patients, tout en faisant un parallèle entre les aptitudes de mes chiens et les miennes. Je plaide aussi pour qu’on ne néglige pas les besoins socioaffectifs des patients.
Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing: Review of Ethical, Legal and Social Implications
Authors: Haidar Hazar , Dupras Charles , Ravitsky Vardit
Published: April 2018

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) from maternal blood has recently entered clinical practice in many countries, including Canada. This test can be performed early during pregnancy to detect Down syndrome and other conditions. While NIPT promises numerous benefits, it also has challenging ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI). This paper reviews concerns currently found in the literature on the ELSI of NIPT. We make four observations. First, NIPT seems to exacerbate some of the already existing concerns raised by other prenatal tests (amniocentesis and maternal serum screening) such as threats to women’s reproductive autonomy and the potential for discrimination and stigmatization of disabled individuals and their families. This may be due to the likely upcoming large scale implementation and routinization of NIPT. Second, the distinction between NIPT as a screening test (as it is currently recommended) and as a diagnostic test (potentially in the future), has certain implications for the ELSI discussion. Third, we observed a progressive shift in the literature from initially including mostly conceptual analysis to an increasing number of empirical studies. This demonstrates the contribution of empirical bioethics approaches as the technology is being implemented into clinical use. Finally, we noted an increasing interest in equity and justice concerns regarding access to NIPT as it becomes more widely implemented.
Continuité et discontinuité dans les trajectoires de soins de personnes ayant une problématique complexe de santé : perceptions d’ergothérapeutes – une étude exploratoire
Authors: Rondeau-Boulanger Édith , Drolet Marie-Josée
Published: April 2018

Depuis la mise sur pied d’un système de santé financé par des fonds publics et dirigé par un ministère de la santé, le réseau de la santé du Québec a connu plusieurs changements. Par exemple, des changements ont été réalisés au début des années 2000, visant en outre à améliorer l’accessibilité et la continuité des soins de santé disponibles à la population québécoise. En dépit du souci du Ministère d’améliorer la continuité des soins, des problèmes persistent pour les personnes présentant une problématique complexe de santé. En effet, les individus aux prises avec une comorbidité, c’est-à-dire avec un problème de santé physique et une autre de santé mentale, sont plus susceptibles de vivre des discontinuités dans leurs trajectoires de soins de santé (autrement dit une discontinuité dans leur accès aux soins), constituant une réponse peu adéquate à leurs besoins. Pour comprendre ce que vivent des ergothérapeutes qui desservent de tels clients, une étude exploratoire a été réalisée. Le but de cette recherche était d’explorer les perceptions d’ergothérapeutes à propos de la continuité et de la discontinuité dans les trajectoires de soins de ces clients. Les ergothérapeutes identifient des raisons qui, à leur avis, expliquent les discontinuités dans les trajectoires de soins des individus présentant une problématique complexe de santé, nomment plusieurs conséquences négatives de ces discontinuités et mentionnent des façons pouvant contribuer à améliorer la continuité des soins prodigués à ces personnes. La prise en compte des perceptions des ergothérapeutes s’avère pertinente afin d’améliorer les soins offerts à ces personnes.
Une politique concernant les données issues d’un programme de recherches interventionnelles en santé mondiale
Authors: Ridde Valéry , Hunt Matthew , Dagenais Christian , Agier Isabelle , Nikiema Aude , Chiocchio François , Bonnet Emmanuel , Somé Paul-André
Published: April 2018

La recherche interventionnelle en santé mondiale est souvent effectuée au moyen de partenariats scientifiques internationaux. Mais la réalisation de telles recherches, notamment dans les pays à faible revenu où les enjeux de pouvoir, d’argent et de relations interculturelles sont exacerbés, soulève de nombreux défis éthiques, notamment concernant la conduite responsable lors des recherches collaboratives. L’un d’eux est la conservation, l’accès, l’utilisation et la publication des données. Malgré l’existence de multiples politiques et documents phares sur l’éthique et la conduite responsable de la recherche, les chercheurs en recherche interventionnelle sont encore peu outillés pour faire face à ce défi. Dans le contexte d’un programme de recherches interventionnelles réalisées au Burkina Faso, les auteurs souhaitent partager leur expérience dans le développement d’une politique interne concernant leurs données. Après avoir évoqué le contexte global et particulier, l’article présente le processus de formulation et d’adoption de cette politique par les chercheurs d’une équipe interdisciplinaire et internationale (Allemagne, Burkina Faso, Canada, France). Les valeurs qui enchâssent cette politique interne sont la transparence, la prévention, le consensus autour du processus de production, le respect des principes internationaux, l’accès libre aux connaissances produites et la préoccupation pour leur diffusion et utilisation. La politique se présente en plusieurs parties : objet, types et statuts des chercheurs impliqués, conservation des données, accès et utilisation des données, production scientifique et paternité. Les principaux défis rencontrés par les chercheurs pour formuler cette politique sont analysés dans un souci de partage pour susciter un débat rarement abordé. La confiance, la transparence et le respect mutuel doivent être au coeur de tout partenariat scientifique en recherche interventionnelle.