bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Person-Organization Congruence and the Maintenance of Group-Based Social Hierarchy: A Social Dominance Perspective
Authors: Haley Hillary , Sidanius Jim
Published: April 2005

Using vocational choice theory and social dominance theory as guiding frameworks, this paper examines the interrelationships between the types of social institutions that a person occupies, on the one hand, and the sociopolitical attitudes and behavioral predispositions that a person displays, on the other. Beginning with Holland (1959, 1966), numerous researchers have documented the fact that people’s work-related values tend to match the values of their work environments. Researchers have also found, as we might expect, that this value match yields superior job performance and greater employee satisfaction. Social dominance theory has proposed an important expansion of this research: people’s sociopolitical attitudes (e.g. anti-egalitarianism) should also be compatible, or congruent, with their institutional environments (e.g. schools, workplaces). A growing body of research supports this claim. Specifically, recent research has shown that hierarchy-enhancing (HE) organizations (e.g. police forces) tend to be occupied by those with anti-egalitarian beliefs, while hierarchy-attenuating (HA) organizations (e.g. civil liberties organizations) tend to be occupied by those with relatively democratic beliefs. This research has also provided evidence for five (non-mutually exclusive) processes underlying this institutional assortment: self-selection, institutional selection, institutional socialization, differential reward, and differential attrition. This paper reviews the literature bearing on each of these processes, and suggests key paths for future research.
The Ecumenical Analytic
Authors: Inglis David , Robertson Roland
Published: April 2005

‘Globalization’ has become in recent years one of the central themes of social scientific debates. Social theories of globalization may be regarded as specific academic and analytic manifestations of wider forms of ‘global consciousness’ to be found in the social world today. These are ways of thinking and perceiving which emphasize that the whole world should be seen as ‘one place’, its various geographically disparate parts all being interconnected in various complex ways. In this article we set out how both a general ‘ecumenical sensibility’ involving such ways of thinking, and its specifically academic variant, an ‘ecumenical analytic’, are simultaneously responses to ‘globalizing conditions’ and also products of the latter. We demonstrate how social theories of globalization, locatable in the overall set we call the ‘ecumenical analytic’, are reflexive thought-products, in that they both seek to investigate, and are made possible by, ‘globalizing conditions’. Rejecting the view that both an ecumenical sensibility and an ecumenical analytic are solely products of modernity, we show how such modes of consciousness and analysis were present in the period of Greek history between the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of the Roman Empire. We show how at that period a socio-political situation akin in certain ways to modern ‘globalizing conditions’ generated both an ecumenical sensibility and an ecumenical analytic, the latter most forcefully represented by a revolutionary new genre in historiography called Universal History. By examining the ideas of its most famous practitioner, the historian Polybius, we demonstrate that Universal History both provided a framework for understanding what we today would call ‘globalization’, and exhibited a remarkable degree of reflexive awareness about its own conditions of possibility. We seek to show that an attentiveness to ‘global’ processes and a reflexive understanding of what makes that form of thinking possible in the first place, are not solely confined to modernity but were identifiable features of intellectual production in the Hellenistic period of ancient Greece. In this way we argue that scholars today should not imagine that the contemporary ‘global turn’ in social thought is either unique or wholly historically unprecedented.
Airway allergen exposure stimulates bone marrow eosinophilia partly via IL-9
Authors: Sitkauskiene Brigita , Rådinger Madeleine , Bossios Apostolos , Johansson Anna-Karin , Sakalauskas Raimundas , Lötvall Jan
Published: April 2005

Background

Interleukin (IL)-9 is a Th2-derived cytokine with pleiotropic biological effects, which recently has been proposed as a candidate gene for asthma and allergy. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a neutralizing anti-IL-9 antibody in a mouse model of airway eosinophilic inflammation and compared any such effect with anti-IL-5 treatment.

Methods

OVA-sensitized Balb/c mice were intraperitoneally pretreated with a single dose (100 μg) of an anti-mouse IL-9 monoclonal antibody (clone D9302C12) or its vehicle. A third group was given 50 μg of a monoclonal anti-mouse IL-5 antibody (TRFK-5) or its vehicle. Animals were subsequently exposed to OVA on five days via airways. Newly produced eosinophils were labelled using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). BrdU+ eosinophils and CD34+ cell numbers were examined by immunocytochemistry. After culture and stimulation with OVA or PMA+IC, intracellular staining of IL-9 in bone marrow cells from OVA-exposed animals was measured by Flow Cytometry. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to determine significant differences between groups.

Results

Anti-IL-9 significantly reduced bone marrow eosinophilia, primarily by decrease of newly produced (BrdU+) and mature eosinophils. Anti-IL-9 treatment also reduced blood neutrophil counts, but did not affect BAL neutrophils. Anti-IL-5 was able to reduce eosinophil numbers in all tissue compartments, as well as BrdU+ eosinophils and CD34+ progenitor cells, and in all instances to a greater extent than anti-IL-9. Also, FACS analysis showed that IL-9 is over-expressed in bone marrow CD4+ cells after allergen exposure.

Conclusions

Our data shows that a single dose of a neutralizing IL-9 antibody is not sufficient to reduce allergen-induced influx of newly produced cells from bone marrow to airways. However, in response to allergen, bone marrow cells over-express IL-9. This data suggest that IL-9 may participate in the regulation of granulocytopoiesis in allergic inflammation.
Nuclear localization of Annexin A7 during murine brain development
Authors: Rick Michaela , Ramos Garrido Soraya I , Herr Claudia , Thal Dietmar R , Noegel Angelika A , Clemen Christoph S
Published: April 2005

Background

Annexin A7 is a member of the annexin protein family, which is characterized by its ability to interact with phospholipids in the presence of Ca2+-ions and which is thought to function in Ca2+-homeostasis. Results from mutant mice showed altered Ca2+-wave propagation in astrocytes. As the appearance and distribution of Annexin A7 during brain development has not been investigated so far, we focused on the distribution of Annexin A7 protein during mouse embryogenesis in the developing central nervous system and in the adult mouse brain.

Results

Annexin A7 is expressed in cells of the developing brain where a change in its subcellular localization from cytoplasm to nucleus was observed. In the adult CNS, the subcellular distribution of Annexin A7 depends on the cell type. By immunohistochemistry analysis Annexin A7 was detected in the cytosol of undifferentiated cells at embryonic days E5–E8. At E11–E15 the protein is still present in the cytosol of cells predominantly located in the ventricular germinative zone surrounding the lateral ventricle. Later on, at embryonic day E16, Annexin A7 in cells of the intermediate and marginal zone of the neopallium translocates to the nucleus. Neuronal cells of all areas in the adult brain present Annexin A7 in the nucleus, whereas glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes exhibit both, a cytoplasmic and nuclear staining. The presence of nuclear Annexin A7 was confirmed by extraction of the nucleoplasm from isolated nuclei obtained from neuronal and astroglial cell lines.

Conclusion

We have demonstrated a translocation of Annexin A7 to nuclei of cells in early murine brain development and the presence of Annexin A7 in nuclei of neuronal cells in the adult animal. The role of Annexin A7 in nuclei of differentiating and mature neuronal cells remains elusive.
Development and evaluation of a hand held computer based on-call pack for health protection out of hours duty: A pilot study
Authors: Abubakar Ibrahim , Williams Christopher J , McEvoy Marian
Published: April 2005

Background

The on call service for health protection in most parts of the UK is provided by general public health consultants, registrars and nurses as the first tier of response backed up by medical consultants in health protection. The first tier responder usually carries a large bag of papers containing both local and national guidance on the management of common cases/incidents. An electronic on call pack may provide a suitable practical alternative to large paper based systems and help professionals deliver out of hours health protection advice and response to incidents.

Methods

We developed and piloted an electronic on call pack in Hertfordshire for use at the health protection unit level containing key local and national guidelines, contact information and useful references. The on-call pack was initially piloted using a laptop and more recently using a personal digital assistant (PDA). The use of the on-call pack was evaluated.

Results

Key advantages of the electronic system include reduced size, faster access to information that is clearly indexed and the relative ease of updating information. As part of the pilot, the electronic on call pack was presented to a local and regional training meeting with good response from participants using qualitative and quantitative methods.

Conclusion

It is anticipated that with suitable evaluation this system can be adapted and utilised by other health protection practitioners. This system provides a fast, reliable and easily maintained source of information for the public health on-call team.
The effect of executive walk rounds on nurse safety climate attitudes: A randomized trial of clinical units
Authors: Thomas Eric J , Sexton J Bryan , Neilands Torsten B , Frankel Allan , Helmreich Robert L
Published: April 2005

Background

Executive walk rounds (EWRs) are a widely used but unstudied activity designed to improve safety culture in hospitals. Therefore, we measured the impact of EWRs on one important part of safety culture – provider attitudes about the safety climate in the institution.

Methods

Randomized study of EWRs for 23 clinical units in a tertiary care teaching hospital. All providers except physicians participated. EWRs were conducted at each unit by one of six hospital executives once every four weeks for three visits. Providers were asked about their concerns regarding patient safety and what could be done to improve patient safety. Suggestions were tabulated and when possible, changes were made. Provider attitudes about safety climate measured by the Safety Climate Survey before and after EWRs. We report mean scores, percent positive scores (percentage of providers who responded four or higher on a five point scale (agree slightly or agree strongly), and the odds of EWR participants agreeing with individual survey items when compared to non-participants.

Results

Before EWRs the mean safety climate scores for nurses were similar in the control units and EWR units (78.97 and 76.78, P = 0.458) as were percent positive scores (64.6% positive and 61.1% positive). After EWRs the mean safety climate scores were not significantly different for all providers nor for nurses in the control units and EWR units (77.93 and 78.33, P = 0.854) and (56.5% positive and 62.7% positive). However, when analyzed by exposure to EWRs, nurses in the control group who did not participate in EWRs (n = 198) had lower safety climate scores than nurses in the intervention group who did participate in an EWR session (n = 85) (74.88 versus 81.01, P = 0.02; 52.5% positive versus 72.9% positive). Compared to nurses who did not participate, nurses in the experimental group who reported participating in EWRs also responded more favorably to a majority of items on the survey.

Conclusion

EWRs have a positive effect on the safety climate attitudes of nurses who participate in the walk rounds sessions. EWRs are a promising tool to improve safety climate and the broader construct of safety culture.
Physicochemical characterization of vibriophage N5
Authors: Sen Anindito , Ghosh Amar N
Published: April 2005

Phage N5 is one of the phages of Vibrio cholerae serovar O1 biotype El Tor (Ghosh, A. N., Ansari, M. Q., and Dutta, G. C. Isolation and morphological characterization of El Tor cholera phages. J. Gen. Virol. 70: 2241–2243, 1989). In the present communication the growth curve, molecular weight and confirmation of the genome, partial denaturation map and restriction endonuclease digestion pattern have been determined. Partial denaturation map indicates that the genome has non-permuted / invariant sequence. Presence of cohesive ends has also been documented.
Quantitative assessment of the effect of uracil-DNA glycosylase on amplicon DNA degradation and RNA amplification in reverse transcription-PCR
Authors: Kleiboeker Steven B
Published: April 2005

Although PCR and RT-PCR provided a valuable approach for detection of pathogens, the high level of sensitivity of these assays also makes them prone to false positive results. In addition to cross-contamination with true positive samples, false positive results are also possible due to "carry-over" contamination of samples with amplicon DNA generated by previous reactions. To reduce this source of false positives, amplicon generated by reactions in which dUTP was substituted for dTTP can be degraded by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG). UNG does not degrade RNA but will cleave contaminating uracil-containing DNA while leaving thymine-containing DNA intact. The availability of heat-labile UNG makes use of this approach feasible for RT-PCR. In this study, real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify UNG degradation of amplicon DNA and the effect of UNG on RNA detection. Using the manufacturers' recommended conditions, complete degradation of DNA was not observed for samples containing 250 copies of amplicon DNA. Doubling the UNG concentration resulted in degradation of the two lowest concentrations of DNA tested, but also resulted in an increase of 1.94 cycles in the CT for RNA detection. To improve DNA degradation while minimizing the effect on RNA detection, a series of time, temperature and enzyme concentrations were evaluated. Optimal conditions were found to be 0.25 U UNG per 25 μl reaction with a 20 min, 30°C incubation prior to RT-PCR. Under these conditions, high concentrations of amplicon DNA could be degraded while the CT for RNA detection was increased by 1.2 cycles.
Proprioception and Palisade Endings in Extraocular Eye Muscles
Authors: EBERHORN ANDREAS C. , HORN ANJA K.E. , FISCHER PETRA , BÜTTNER‐ENNEVER JEAN A.
Published: April 2005

Abstract: Palisade endings occur only in extraocular muscles, and their function is unknown. They form a cuff of nerve terminals around the tips of muscle fibers. We describe here the advantages of using antibodies to a synaptosomal‐associated protein (SNAP‐25) to study properties of palisade endings in man, monkey, and rat. The stain can be combined readily with other immunofluorescence procedures, and results suggest that the synapses of palisade endings do not bind α‐bungarotoxin (i.e., are not motor), nor do they contain substance P. These double‐labeling data support the hypothesis that palisade endings are non‐nociceptive sensory receptors, and could serve a proprioceptive function. With SNAP‐25 immunolabeling, palisade endings were identified in the rat for the first time. Thus, palisade endings appear to be present in all vertebrate extraocular muscles studied to date. Their apparent universality, which contrasts with the more variable manifestation of extraocular muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, would be expected if proprioceptive feedback is necessary to the function of the ocular motor system, and if palisade endings are the critical proprioceptive structure.
SEE++: A Biomechanical Model of the Oculomotor Plant
Authors: HASLWANTER T , BUCHBERGER M , KALTOFEN T , HOERANTNER R , PRIGLINGER S
Published: April 2005

Abstract: The consequences of changes in the oculomotor system on the three‐dimensional eye movements are difficult to grasp. Although changes to the rectus muscles can still be approximately understood with simplified geometric models, this approach no longer works with the oblique muscles. It is shown how SEE++, a biomechanical model of the oculomotor plant that was built on the ideas of Miller and Robinson (1984) can improve the understanding of the effects of changes to the oblique eye muscles. By displaying only selected muscles, and by illustrating the relative contribution of these muscles through color‐coding the bulb surface, the functional properties of the oblique muscles can be presented in a much clearer way. Investigating the effects of a hyperactive inferior oblique muscle shows that this type of model can help to clarify the functional cause of a pathology, which can otherwise be unclear, even for common pathologies.
Binocular Coordination in Fore/Aft Motion
Authors: RAMAT STEFANO , ZEE DAVID S.
Published: April 2005

Abstract: Stabilization of images on the fovea during either fore/aft translation of a subject or fore/aft movement of a visual target in front of a stationary observer imposes complex geometrical requirements that depend upon the eccentricity of the object of interest with respect to the eyes. Each eye needs to be rotated independently with varying proportions of conjugate (version) and disconjugate (vergence) eye movements to maintain fixation of the target. Here, we describe binocular coordination in the early response to translational movements of normal subjects along their naso‐occipital axis. We recorded the responses evoked by small (about 4 cm), abrupt (about 0.7 g), fore/aft translations in four normal subjects while they viewed a near target. In the forward and backward starting positions the target was 15 or 10.5 cm away, respectively. Each subject was tested with the target centered between the eyes, aligned on the right eye, and placed to the right of the right eye by ∼3 cm. The three conditions differed only in the lateral eccentricity of the target, yet the geometrical requirements for image stabilization are very different: pure vergence, one eye still, or mostly version. We found that the eye‐movement responses closely matched what was needed for visual stabilization of the target, though responses to stimuli calling for divergence were less accurate than those for convergence. The latency of these responses ranged from 40 to 65 ms and achieved about 80% of the ideal response by 90 to 100 ms after the onset of the stimulus. Next, we asked whether these eye movements were generated by the vestibular system or by high‐level strategies for image stabilization, such as pursuit. Thus, in a second set of experiments we used the mean profile of foreaft body motion computed for each subject to drive a small visual target across the same distances and in the same eccentricities used during body translations. We found that visually driven responses had longer latencies (by at least 80 ms, ranging from 144 to 155 ms) and slower dynamics (with significantly lower peak eye velocities), highlighting the different subsystems producing the two types of responses. Saccades were also an important component of the response to both visual and vestibular stimuli, less frequent during the centered‐target configuration and more frequent during viewing of eccentric targets. Visual stimuli evoked saccadic corrections more often and at shorter latencies than did vestibular stimuli. Both smooth and saccadic eye movements were appropriately disconjugate and their pattern depended on whether the eyes were converging or diverging.
Sensorimotor Transformation for Visually Guided Saccades
Authors: OPTICAN LANCE M.
Published: April 2005

Abstract:Visually guided movements require the brain to perform a sensorimotor transformation. The key to understanding this transformation is to understand the different roles of the superior colliculus (SC) and cerebellum (CB). The SC has a three‐layered structure. Cells in the top layer have visual, but not motor, responses. However, cells in the deeper layers have both visual and motor responses. Thus, for a long time it was thought that the SC encoded both the retinal location of a sensory stimulus and the desired change in eye movement needed to acquire it. However, copious evidence has accumulated that shows that the SC encodes only the retinal location of a visual target, and not the movement needed to foveate it. Thus, the information needed to make accurate movements must come from another part of the brain, which is proposed to be the cerebellum. Here it is shown how the cerebellum could perform the sensorimotor transformation.
Acute Vestibular Neuritis: Prognosis Based upon Bedside Clinical Tests (Thrusts and Heaves)
Authors: NUTI D , MANDALÀ M , BROMAN A T , ZEE D S
Published: April 2005

Abstract: We compared bedside tests of vestibulo‐ocular function (head thrust and head heave signs) with caloric testing results in 68 patients with acute vestibular neuritis seen at onset and in follow‐up for one year. The head thrust and head heave signs each were strong predictors of a decreased probability of recovery, and if both were present, there was a trend for a slower recovery and a further decrease in the probability of recovery. If the head thrust sign was absent, recovery was assured. Our results suggest that careful bedside testing of semicircular canal (head thrust maneuver) and otolith (head heave maneuver) function provides useful information for predicting prognosis in patients with acute vestibular neuritis.
Phase‐Synchronization Decay of Fixational Eye Movements
Authors: MOSHEL SHAY , LIANG JINRONG , CASPI AVI , ENGBERT RALF , KLIEGL REINHOLD , HAVLIN SHLOMO , ZIVOTOFSKY ARI Z.
Published: April 2005

Abstract: In nonstationary noisy systems the traditional cross‐correlation method may not appropriately detect all cases of interdependencies between coupled systems. The phase‐synchronization method was previously found useful in detecting synchronization in several systems. We here applied the phase‐synchronization decay to study the synchronization between six combinations of binocular fixational eye movement components. We found that only two components were synchronized: the right and left horizontal with each other and the right and left vertical. Furthermore, the vertical‐vertical components were much more synchronized than the horizontal.
The Specificity and Sensitivity of Uninhibited COR in Labyrinthine‐Defective Patients
Authors: CARMONA S.RGIO , NIETO DANIELA
Published: April 2005

Abstract: The Cervico‐ocular reflex (COR), which depends on propioceptive afferents from neck muscles to the vestibular nucleus, makes little contribution to the stabilization of gaze in humans. If labyrinthine function is lost because of disease, however, the COR may increase in gain and assume greater importance in generating compensatory eye rotations during natural head movements. We tested the COR, i.e., eye movement responses to rotation of the trunk about the earth fixed head (swinging test with fixed head STFH). If the vestibular function is intact, normally there should be no nystagmus. A total of 88 labyrinthine defective patients and 78 controls were studied. Of the 166 subjects evaluated, 88 presented some kind of alteration (either central or peripheral) and had STFH results showiong “no inhibition” in 85 patients. Therefore, the STFH's sensibility is 96.6%. The remaining 3.4% were false negatives (i.e., pathology that could not be detected by the test). Of the 166 subjects evaluated, 78 had normal results and normal STFH. Therefore, STFH's specificity was 100%. We conclude that the study of the COR through STFH is a simple, useful, and clinically reliable test which should improve our knowledge of the interesting relationship between VOR and COR.
Recurrent Vertigo in Extrinsic Compression of the Brain Stem
Authors: CARMONA S.RGIO , NICENBOIM LUIS , CASTAGNINO DIEGO
Published: April 2005

Abstract: We present four patients who suffered from recurrent vertigo crises, which in most cases lasted hours or even days. In all of them the coincident finding was the presence of vascular compression of the brainstem (mainly vertebral dolichoectasia). Given the fact that the vertigo was always episodic and in that in the two cases where a treatment with carbamazepine could be used the result was the total suppression of the crises, we propose an ictal mechanism for them. Our findings differ from previous descriptions because: 1) the crises last longer, hours or even days, and 2) the involvement of the brainstem structures was extrinsinc.
Abnormal Eye Movements Predict Disability in MS: Two‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: DERWENSKUS JOY , RUCKER JANET C. , SERRA ALESSANDRO , STAHL JOHN S. , DOWNEY DEBORAH L. , ADAMS NANCY L. , LEIGH R.JOHN
Published: April 2005

Abstract: We conducted a two‐year follow‐up study of 40 patients with MS in whom we had reported that abnormal eye movements (AEM) were associated with greater general disability. AEM patients (17/40) remained significantly (p < .001) more disabled (median EDSS of 7.0) than those with normal eye movements (median EDSS of 5.0). AEM and great disability were associated with abnormal MRI signals in brainstem or cerebellum, where disease may involve control circuits for eye movements as well as descending motor pathways.
Internuclear Ophthalmoparesis in Episodic Ataxia Type 2
Authors: RUCKER JANET C. , JEN JOANNA , STAHL JOHN S. , NATESAN NANDHITHA , BALOH R.BERT W. , LEIGH R.JOHN
Published: April 2005

Abstract: Two patients sharing a novel mutation of the CACNA1A gene for P/Q calcium channels showed significant slowing of adducting saccades compared with normal subjects or patients with cerebellar disease. Internuclear ophthalmoparesis (INO) was clinically evident in one. While these findings might be specific to this mutation, INO in our patients with episodic ataxia type 2 suggested involvement outside the cerebellum, either in the brain‐stem internuclear pathway or at the neuromuscular junction.
Neural Integrator Function in Murine CACNA1A Mutants
Authors: STAHL JOHN S. , JAMES ROBERT A.
Published: April 2005

Abstract: Time constants of gaze holding are shortened in rocker and tottering mice, two strains whose cerebellar dysfunction stems from genetic alterations of the P/Q calcium channel. The finding suggests that in mice as in primates, the cerebellum contributes to the function of the neural integrator. Studying CACNA1A mutants may elucidate how cerebellar signals support gaze holding.
Studies of Eccentric Gaze Stability: Effects of Pitch Head Position on Horizontal Gaze‐Holding in Patients with Cerebellar Disease
Authors: WILSON ELIZABETH , SNG KAREN , SOMERS JEFFREY T. , RESCHKE MILLARD F. , LEIGH R.JOHN
Published: April 2005

Abstract: We studied the effects of change of head position in the pitch plane on the ability to hold horizontal eccentric gaze in five patients with cerebellar disorders. All patient showed a change in the time constant of horizontal centripetal drift when the head was pitched forward or back. This result suggests that otolithic inputs can influence the neural integrator for horizontal eye movements and indicates the value of testing horizontal gaze holding in different head positions.
Phase I Study of Oblimersen Sodium, an Antisense to Bcl-2, in Untreated Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Clinical Activity
Authors: Marcucci Guido , Stock Wendy , Dai Guowei , Klisovic Rebecca B. , Liu Shujun , Klisovic Marko I. , Blum William , Kefauver Cheryl , Sher Dorie A. , Green Margaret , Moran Mollie , Maharry Kati , Novick Steven , Bloomfield Clara D. , Zwiebel James A. , Larson Richard A. , Grever Michael R. , Chan Kenneth K. , Byrd John C.
Published: April 2005

Purposes

Pharmacologic downregulation of Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein overexpressed in cancer, might increase chemosensitivity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Herein, we investigated the feasibility of this approach in untreated elderly AML patients by administering oblimersen sodium (G3139), an 18-mer phosphorothioate antisense to Bcl-2, during induction and consolidation treatments.

Patients and Methods

Untreated patients with primary or secondary AML (stratified to cohort 1 or 2, respectively) who were ≥ 60 years received induction with G3139, cytarabine, and daunorubicin at one of two different dose levels (45 and 60 mg/m2) and, on achievement of complete remission (CR), consolidation with G3139 and high-dose cytarabine. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) –based assay was used to measure plasma and intracellular concentrations (IC) of G3139. Bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels were quantified by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively, in bone marrow samples collected before induction treatment and after 72 hours of G3139 infusion, prior to initiation of chemotherapy.

Results

Of the 29 treated patients, 14 achieved CR. With a median follow-up of 12.6 months, seven patients had relapsed. Side effects of this combination were similar to those expected with chemotherapy alone and were not dose limiting at both dose levels. After 72-hour G3139 infusion, Bcl-2/ABL mRNA copies were decreased compared with baseline (P = .03) in CR patients and increased in nonresponders (NRs; P = .05). Changes in Bcl-2 protein showed a similar trend. Although plasma pharmacokinetics did not correlate with disease response, the median IC of the antisense was higher in the CR patients compared with NRs (17.0 v 4.4 pmol/mg protein, respectively; P = .05).

Conclusion

G3139 can be administered safely in combination with intensive chemotherapy, and the degree of Bcl-2 downmodulation may correlate with response to therapy.
Returning Home from Jerusalem: Matthew Paris's First Map of Britain in Its Manuscript Context
Authors: BREEN KATHARINE
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT In about 1250, Matthew Paris produced a map sequence that begins with a seven-page London-to-Jerusalem itinerary and culminates in the earliest known map of Britain. The sequence defines thetransition from itinerary to map in syntactical terms, presenting it alongside a series of translations from vernacular languages into Latin; the reader demonstrates his mastery of this increasingly complex representation of space by maintaining an orientation toward Jerusalem and the east despite the itinerary's rapidly multiplying obstacles and distractions. Once this orientation has been established, England itself becomes a network of potential journeys, each imagined in terms of pilgrimage, that collectively produce a sacred—and thus representable—geography.
Environmental Mycological Study and Allergic Respiratory Disease among Tobacco Processing Workers
Authors: Zhang Yongxing , Chen Jie , Chen Ying , Dong Jing , Wei Qingyu , Lou Jiezhi
Published: April 2005

Environmental Mycological Study and Allergic Respiratory Disease Investigation in Tobacco Processing Workers: Yongxing Zhang, et al. Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R.China—This study presents the results of an investigation of respiratory symptoms, lung function, chest X‐ray examinations, analysis of specific IgE antibodies and skin prick tests to fungi on 130 tobacco‐processing workers and 112 control workers. Industrial hygiene survey and environmental mycological studies were also performed. The average dust concentrations ranged from 13.76 to 29.55 mg/m3 in the tobacco processing workshops. Also, the numbers of fungi colonies in the processing environments were much higher than those in the control environments. The prevalences of chronic respiratory or nasal symptoms in exposed workers were significantly higher than those in control workers (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The prevalences of lung function abnormalities in the exposed workers were significantly higher than those in control workers (p<0.05). The positive prevalences of specific IgE reactions to fungi (26.92% for A.fumigatus and 51.54% for Rhizopus nigricans) in exposed workers were also significantly higher than those in control workers (p<0.01). The positive prevalences of the skin prick test showed that 18.46% of the exposed workers were positive to A. fumigatus and 23.85% were positive to Rhizopus nigricans. Our results suggested that tobacco processing workers may develop respiratory diseases related to tobacco dust and we consider that fungi might be one of the allergens causing allergic respiratory or nasal diseases in tobacco processing workers.
Shiftwork and Metabolic Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ha Mina , Park Jungsun
Published: April 2005

Shiftwork and Metabolic Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease: Mina HA, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Korea—We conducted this study to examine the relationship between shift work duration and the metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease among shift workers. The study population consisted of 226 female hospital nurses and 134 male workers at a firm manufacturing diapers and feminine hygiene materials, whose mean ages were 28.5 yr for the nurses and 29.1 yr for the male workers. The fasting blood sugar level, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, height and weight, waist and hip circumferences (only for the nurses), and numbers of walks during work (as a measure of physical activity) were measured. Using the Karasek's job contents questionnaire, job stress was assessed. Information about the years of work, shift work duration, past medical and behavioral history, including smoking, was obtained by a self‐administered questionnaire. With definitions of hypertension as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥160 or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg occurring at least once, hypercholesterolemia as serum total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dl, obesity as body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 and as waist to hip ratio (WHR) ≥0.85, we examined the prevalences of metabolic risk factors among subjects. Regression analyses to show the relationships between shift work duration and metabolic risk factors were performed using simple and multivariate models stratified by age, and adjusted for smoking, drinking, job strain and physical activity. Duration of shift work was significantly associated with SBP or cholesterol level among male workers aged 30 or more. Among female nurses, it was inversely associated with DBP (in those who were below 30 yr old) and cholesterol (in those who were aged 30 or more). BMI was non‐significantly associated with the duration of shift work in both male workers and female nurses who were 30 yr old or more. WHR in female nurses increased slightly according to increasing duration of shift work. Fasting blood sugar was not significantly associated with the duration of shift work in either sex regardless of age‐group. These results suggest an association between shift work duration and the metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease.
Memantine Alleviates Toxicity Induced by Dichlorvos in Rats
Authors: Zhou Zhijun , Dai Xufeng , Gu Xi'an , Sun Yunguang , Zheng Guang , Zheng Jie
Published: April 2005

Memantine Alleviates Dichlorvos Poisoning in Rats: Zhijun Zhou, et al. School of Public Health, Fudan University, China—The changes of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor and protective efficacy of memantine (MEM) in rats poisoned with dichlorvos were studied. Dichlorvos evoked down‐regulation of the affinity and density of [3H]MK‐801 binding to NMDA receptor in the brain of rats receiving dichlorvos (15 and 25 mg/kg bw, i.p.). The binding capacity of NMDA receptor and acetylcholinesterase activity were determined at 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h and 48 h after treatment. When rats were given a different doses of MEM (5, 15 and 45 mg/kg bw) after poisoning (dichlorvos 25 mg/kg bw), the latency of onset of signs was postponed and the magnitude of muscular fasciculation was alleviated as the dose of MEM increased. The lower doses of MEM (5 and 15 mg/kg bw) could antagonize the dichlorvos‐evoked down‐regulation of NMDA receptor, while the highest dose (45 mg/kg bw) decreased the Bmax and Kd values of NMDA receptors. These results show the dichlorvos‐evoked down‐regulation of NMDA receptor might be self‐regulation by the body to protect the central nervous system. MEM could antagonize the down‐regulation of NMDA receptors, and alleviated signs of poisoning, especially reducing the magnitude of muscular fasciculation. We suggest that the role of NMDA receptor in organophosphates (OP) poisoning should receive more attention, and, that MEM treatment in acute OP poisoning, as a supplement to atropine and oxime, should be considered.
Why Isn′t the N20 Dodecahedron Ideal for Three‐Coordinate Nitrogen?
Authors: Strout Douglas L.
Published: April 2005

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Violation of the Isolated Square Rule for Group 13—15 Oligomers: Theoretical Prediction of a New Class of Inorganic Polymers.
Authors: Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Schaefer Henry F. III
Published: April 2005

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Cr3+‐Doped LiNbO3 Crystals Grown by the Bridgman Method.
Authors: Xia Haiping , Song Hongwei , Wang Jinhao , Zhang Jiahua , Wang Tie , Zhang Jianli , Zhang Yuepin , Nie Qiuhua
Published: April 2005

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Dopant Sources Choice for Formation of p‐Type ZnO: Phosphorus Compound Sources.
Authors: Yu Zhi Gen , Gong Hao , Wu Ping
Published: April 2005

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Magnetic Cobalt Nanowire Thin Films.
Authors: Luo Hongmei , Wang Donghai , He Jibao , Lu Yunfeng
Published: April 2005

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The Dimerization of SnCl2(g): Mass Spectrometric and Theoretical Studies.
Authors: Hilpert K. , Roszak S. , Saloni J. , Miller M. , Lipkowski P. , Leszczynski J.
Published: April 2005

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Thermochemical Properties of the Gaseous Bromo‐Iodides of Dy and of the Na—Dy Tetrahalo Complexes.
Authors: Hildenbrand D. L. , Lau K. H. , Baglio J. W. , Struck C. W.
Published: April 2005

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A Model High Surface Area Alumina‐Supported Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Lear Timothy , Marshall Robert , Gibson Emma K. , Schuett Thomas , Klapoetke Thomas M. , Rupprechter Guenther , Freund Hans‐Joachim , Winfield John M. , Lennon David
Published: April 2005

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Single‐Source Routes to Cobalt Sulfide and Manganese Sulfide Thin Films.
Authors: Srouji Fatima , Afzaal Mohammad , Waters John , O'Brien Paul
Published: April 2005

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The First Example of Solvothermally Synthesized Thioantimonates(V) with Ethylenediamine Coordinated Lanthanide(III): [Sm(en)4]SbS4×0.5en and [Sm(en)3(H2O)(μ‐SbS4)] ∞
Authors: Jia Ding‐xian , Zhu Qin‐Yu , Dai Jie , Lu Wen , Guo Wen‐Juan
Published: April 2005

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Open‐Framework Polar Compounds: Synthesis and Characterization of Rare‐Earth Polyoxometalates (C6NO2H5)2 [Ln(H2O)5 (CrMo6H6O24)]×0.5H2O (Ln: Ce and La).
Authors: An Haiyan , Xiao Dongrong , Wang Enbo , Li Yangguang , Wang Xinlong , Xu Lin
Published: April 2005

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Two New Hydrated Oxyhydroxides Sr3Co1.7Ti0.3O5 (OH)2×xH2O and Sr4Co1.6Ti1.4O8 (OH)2×xH2O Derived from the RP n = 2 and 3 Members: Structural and Magnetic Behavior versus Temperature.
Authors: Pelloquin D. , Barrier N. , Flahaut D. , Caignaert V. , Maignan A.
Published: April 2005

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Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl‐ and 2‐Aryl‐3‐aminopropionic Acids (β2‐Amino Acids) from (S)‐N‐Acryloyl‐5,5‐dimethyloxazolidin‐2‐one SuperQuat Derivatives.
Authors: Beddow James E. , Davies Stephen G. , Smith Andrew D. , Russell Angela J.
Published: April 2005

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Asymmetric Reduction of Prochiral Ketones Using in situ Generated Oxazaborolidine Derived from (1S,2S,3R,4R)‐3‐Amino‐7,7‐dimethoxynorbornan‐2‐ol. An Efficient Synthesis of Enantiopure (R)‐Tomoxetine.
Authors: Lapis Alexandre A. M. , de Fatima Angelo , Martins Jose E. D. , Costa Valentim E. U. , Pilli Ronaldo A.
Published: April 2005

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Preparation of Chiral 7,7′‐Disubstituted BINAPs for Rh‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition of Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Yuan Wei‐Cheng , Cun Lin‐Feng , Gong Liu‐Zhu , Mi Ai‐Qiao , Jiang Yao‐Zhong
Published: April 2005

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Utility of 2‐Aminothiophene‐3‐carboxamide in the Synthesis of Biologically Active, Fused Heterocyclic Derivatives.
Authors: Wardakhan Wagnat W. , Elmegeed Gamal A. , Manhi Fatima M.
Published: April 2005

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Heterolytic Reactions of 2‐(Furyl‐2)‐1,3‐dioxacycloalkanes.
Authors: Chanysheva K. V. , Tokunova E. F. , Khusainov M. A. , Khlebnikova T. D. , Shakirova F. M. , Grishin S. A. , Kantor E. A.
Published: April 2005

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Reduction of Aldehydes and Oximes to Their Corresponding Alcohols and Amines by Catalytic Hydrogenation Method.
Authors: Basappa Basappa , Doreswamy B. H. , Mahendra M. , Mantelingu K. , Sridhar M. A. , Prasad J. Shashidhara , Rangappa K. S.
Published: April 2005

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Highly Active Palladium Catalysts Supported by Bulky Proazaphosphatrane Ligands for Stille Cross‐Coupling: Coupling of Aryl and Vinyl Chlorides, Room Temperature Coupling of Aryl Bromides, Coupling of Aryl Triflates, and Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Biaryls
Authors: Su Weiping , Urgaonkar Sameer , McLaughlin Patrick A. , Verkade John G.
Published: April 2005

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A Direct Approach to α‐Hydroxy and α‐Chloro Trifluoromethyl Derivatives.
Authors: Tournier Lucie , Zard Samir Z.
Published: April 2005

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Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Amides from β‐Keto Amides.
Authors: Bartoli Giuseppe , Bosco Marcella , Marcantoni Enrico , Massaccesi Massimo , Rinaldi Samuele , Sambri Letizia
Published: April 2005

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Practical Synthesis of Optically Active Fluorine‐Substituted α‐Phenylethylamines by Retardation of Hydrogenolytic Cleavage at Benzylic Position.
Authors: Kanai Masatomi , Yasumoto Manabu , Kuriyama Yokusu , Inomiya Kenjin , Katsuhara Yutaka , Higashiyama Kimio , Ishii Akihiro
Published: April 2005

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Specific Features of Nucleophilic Substitution in 1‐Chloro‐3,4‐dinitrobenzene.
Authors: Zotova N. V. , Kushakova P. M. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Rodin A. A. , Garabadzhiu A. V.
Published: April 2005

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Stereochemistry of the Reaction Catalyzed by 2‐Hydroxy‐6‐keto‐6‐phenyl‐hexa‐2,4‐dienoic Acid 5,6‐Hydrolase (BphD).
Authors: Li Jian‐Jun , Bugg Timothy D. H.
Published: April 2005

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An Environmentally Friendly Procedure for Mukaiyama Aldol and Mukaiyama—Michael Reactions Using a Catalytic Amount of DBU under Solvent‐ and Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Shen Zhi‐Liang , Ji Shun‐Jun , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: April 2005

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1,3‐Dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin [DBDMH] as an Efficient and Selective Agent for the Oxidation of Thiols to Disulfides in Solution or under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Rostami Amin
Published: April 2005

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Lithium Alkoxide‐Promoted Michael Reaction Between Silyl Enolates and α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Tozawa Takashi , Fujisawa Hidehiko
Published: April 2005

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Transformation of Schiff Bases Derived from α‐Naphthaldehyde. Synthesis, Spectral Data and Biological Activity of New 3‐Aryl‐2‐(α‐naphthyl)‐4‐thiazolidinones and N‐Aryl‐N‐[1‐(α‐naphthyl)but‐3‐enyl]amines.
Authors: Kouznetsov Vladimir , Rodriguez William , Stashenko Elena , Ochoa Carmen , Vega Celeste , Rolon Miriam , Montero Pereira David , Escario Jose A. , Gomez Barrio Alicia
Published: April 2005

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Asymmetric Synthesis of Sulindac by Iron‐Catalyzed Sulfoxidation.
Authors: Korte Alexander , Legros Julien , Bolm Carsten
Published: April 2005

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A Mannich—Cyclization Approach for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Saturated N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Muench Alexander , Wendt Bianca , Christmann Mathias
Published: April 2005

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Reactions of Quadricyclane with Fluorinated Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds. Synthesis of 3‐Aza‐4‐perfluoroalkyl‐tricyclo[4.2.1.02,5]non‐3,7‐dienes.
Authors: Petrov Viacheslav , Davidson Frederic , Marshall Will
Published: April 2005

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Preparation and Stereochemistry of the Isopropylidene Derivatives of 1,2‐Dihydronaphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐1,2‐diol and 1,2,9,10‐Tetrahydronaphtho[2,1‐b:7,8‐b′]difuran‐1,2,9,10‐tetraol in Comparison with the Corresponding Acetyl Derivatives.
Authors: Yamaye Makoto , Motoyanagi Yoshiko , Nakagawa Aya , Kametani Sanae , Yoshinaga Tetsutaro , Cho Namiko , Fan Xiaobo , Kito Taketoshi
Published: April 2005

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Studies of Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 32. Amberlyst‐15 Catalyzed Acetylation of Heteroaromatics with Acetic Anhydride under Solvent Free Conditions.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Pal Rammohan , Banerjee Joydeep , Mahender G. , Holla Harish , Venkateswarlu K.
Published: April 2005

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Studies on Reactions of Cyclic Oxalyl Compounds with Hydrazines or Hydrazones. Part 2. Synthesis and Reactions of 4‐Benzoyl‐1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylic Acid.
Authors: Sener A. , Kasimogullari R. , Sener M. K. , Genc H.
Published: April 2005

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1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Fluorinated Azomethine Ylides at the C=N Bond.
Authors: Novikov M. S. , Khlebnikov A. F. , Egarmin M. A. , Kopf J. , Kostikov R. R.
Published: April 2005

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Effects of Positional and Geometrical Isomerism on the Biological Activity of Some Novel Oxazolidinones.
Authors: Das Jagattaran , et al. et al.
Published: April 2005

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Facile Synthesis of 5‐Acyl‐2‐amino‐1,3‐thiazole by the Reaction of Thiaazadienes with α‐Halo Ketones.
Authors: Sathunuru Ramadas , Biehl Ed
Published: April 2005

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Synthesis and Characterization of a New Class of Benzothiazolines.
Authors: Shanker D.. , Sharma R. K. , Sharma J. , Rai A. K. , Singh Y. P.
Published: April 2005

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Synthesis of New Bis‐Heteroaryl Thiohydrazonates and Their in situ Rearrangement.
Authors: Mosselhi Mosselhi A. N. , Abdallah Magda A. , Riyadh Sayed M. , Shawali Ahmad S.
Published: April 2005

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1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles. Regioselective O‐Demethylation on Dehydrative Cyclization of 1‐(3,4,5‐Trimethoxybenzoyl)‐4‐substituted Thiosemicarbazides with Sulfuric Acid.
Authors: Al‐Omar Mohamed , Al‐Deeb Omar A. , Al‐Khamees Hamad A. , El‐Emam Ali A.
Published: April 2005

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An Efficient Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyran‐2‐one Derivatives by Lewis Base‐Catalyzed Tandem Michael Addition and Lactonization.
Authors: Tozawa Takashi , Fujisawa Hidehiko , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: April 2005

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