bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a randomized controlled trial: peer-to-peer Group Problem Management Plus (PM+) for adult Syrian refugees in Turkey
Authors:   On behalf of the STRENGHTS consortium, Uygun Ersin , Ilkkursun Zeynep , Sijbrandij Marit , Aker A. Tamer , Bryant Richard , Cuijpers Pim , Fuhr Daniela C. , de Graaff Anne M. , de Jong Joop , McDaid David , Morina Naser , Park A-La , Roberts Bayard , Ventevogel Peter , Yurtbakan Taylan , Acarturk Ceren
Published: March 2020

Background

A large proportion of Syrians have been exposed to potentially traumatic events, multiple losses, and breakdown of supportive social networks and many of them have sought refuge in host countries where they also face post-migration living difficulties such as discrimination or integration problems or both. These adversities may put Syrian refugees at high risk for common mental disorders. In response to this, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed a trans-diagnostic scalable psychological intervention called Problem Management Plus (PM+) to reduce psychological distress among populations exposed to adversities. PM+ has been adapted for Syrian refugees and can be delivered by non-specialist peer lay persons in the community.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted with 380 Syrian refugees in Turkey. After providing informed consent, participants with high levels of psychological distress (scoring above 15 on the Kessler-10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10)) and functional impairment (scoring above 16 on the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, or WHODAS 2.0) will be randomly assigned to Group PM+/enhanced care as usual (Group PM+/E-CAU) (n = 190) or E-CAU (n = 190). Outcome assessments will take place 1 week after the fifth session (post-assessment), 3 months after the fifth session and 12 months after baseline assessment. The primary outcome is psychological distress as measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25). Secondary outcomes include functional impairment, post-traumatic stress symptoms, self-identified problems, and health system and productivity costs. A process evaluation will be conducted to explore the feasibility, challenges and success of the intervention with 25 participants, including participants, facilitators, policy makers and mental health professionals.

Discussion

The treatment manual of the Syrian-Arabic Group PM+ and training materials will be made available through the WHO once the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Group PM+ have been established.

Trial registration

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03960892. Unique protocol ID: 10/2017. Prospectively registered on 21 May 2019.
Leishmania infection in cats and dogs housed together in an animal shelter reveals a higher parasite load in infected dogs despite a greater seroprevalence among cats
Authors: Baneth Gad , Nachum-Biala Yaarit , Zuberi Adam , Zipori-Barki Nirit , Orshan Laor , Kleinerman Gabriela , Shmueli-Goldin Ayelet , Bellaiche Michel , Leszkowicz-Mazuz Monica , Salant Harold , Yasur-Landau Daniel
Published: March 2020

Background

An outbreak of leishmaniosis was studied in cats and dogs housed together with no separation in an animal shelter in Israel.

Methods

The study included recording of clinical signs, serology for Leishmania infection by ELISA, PCR of blood for Leishmania DNA by ITS1 HRM and kDNA PCR, parasite quantification, and trapping of sand flies around the shelter.

Results

Thirty-seven % (22/60) of the dogs and 75% (50/67) of the cats were seropositive to L. infantum with a significantly higher seropositivity rate in the cat population (χ2 = 42.160, P < 0.0001). Twenty-five percent (15/60) of the dogs were positive for Leishmania by blood PCR, 12% by the Leishmania ITS1 HRM PCR and 22% by kDNA PCR. Of the cats, 16% (11/67) were positive by kDNA PCR and none by ITS1 HRM PCR. All the PCR-positive animals were infected by L. infantum verified by DNA sequencing and there was no significant difference between the PCR-positivity in the dog and cat populations. Altogether, 43% (26/60) of the dogs and 79% (53/67) of the cats were positive by serology or PCR for L. infantum. The average Leishmania parasite load in the blood of PCR-positive dogs (42,967 parasites/ml) was significantly higher than in PCR-positive cats (1259 parasites/ml) (t(12) = 2.33, P = 0.037). Dogs that were positive by the Leishmania ITS1 HRM PCR and kDNA PCR had significantly higher parasite loads than dogs positive only by the kDNA PCR (t(11) = − 3.186580, P < 0.009). No significant effect was found for FIV seropositivity on Leishmania infection in the cats (χ2 = 0.506, P = 0.777). A higher percentage of Leishmania-positive dogs showed clinical signs compatible with leishmaniosis compared to Leishmania-positive cats (100 vs 52.8%, χ2 =15.242, P < 0.0001). Phlebotomus perfiliewi, a proven vector of L. infantum, comprised 92% of trapped sand flies.

Conclusions

Comparisons of populations of cats and dogs exposed to sand flies and L. infantum under the same conditions indicated that although a high rate of exposure was detected in cats as manifested by a significantly greater degree of seropositivity, dogs had significantly higher blood parasite loads, and were likely to be more infectious to sand flies than cats.
A consensus-based framework for conducting and reporting osteoarthritis phenotype research
Authors: van Spil W. E. , Bierma-Zeinstra S. M. A. , Deveza L. A. , Arden N. K. , Bay-Jensen A.-C. , Kraus V. Byers , Carlesso L. , Christensen R. , Van Der Esch M. , Kent P. , Knoop J. , Ladel C. , Little C. B. , Loeser R. F. , Losina E. , Mills K. , Mobasheri A. , Nelson A. E. , Neogi T. , Peat G. M. , Rat A.-C. , Steultjens M. , Thomas M. J. , Valdes A. M. , Hunter D. J.
Published: March 2020

Background

The concept of osteoarthritis (OA) heterogeneity is evolving and gaining renewed interest. According to this concept, distinct subtypes of OA need to be defined that will likely require recognition in research design and different approaches to clinical management. Although seemingly plausible, a wide range of views exist on how best to operationalize this concept. The current project aimed to provide consensus-based definitions and recommendations that together create a framework for conducting and reporting OA phenotype research.

Methods

A panel of 25 members with expertise in OA phenotype research was composed. First, panel members participated in an online Delphi exercise to provide a number of basic definitions and statements relating to OA phenotypes and OA phenotype research. Second, panel members provided input on a set of recommendations for reporting on OA phenotype studies.

Results

Four Delphi rounds were required to achieve sufficient agreement on 11 definitions and statements. OA phenotypes were defined as subtypes of OA that share distinct underlying pathobiological and pain mechanisms and their structural and functional consequences. Reporting recommendations pertaining to the study characteristics, study population, data collection, statistical analysis, and appraisal of OA phenotype studies were provided.

Conclusions

This study provides a number of consensus-based definitions and recommendations relating to OA phenotypes. The resulting framework is intended to facilitate research on OA phenotypes and increase combined efforts to develop effective OA phenotype classification. Success in this endeavor will hopefully translate into more effective, differentiated OA management that will benefit a multitude of OA patients.
Point-of-care ultrasound in resource-limited settings: the PURLS fellowship
Authors: Burleson Samuel L. , Pigott David C. , Gullett John P. , Greene Christopher , Gibson Courtney B. , Irvine Scott , Kaminstein Daniel
Published: March 2020

Background

The role of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is rapidly expanding in both resource-rich and resource-limited settings (RLS). One limitation to this rapid expansion has been the lack of educators adequately trained to teach this user-dependent skill. This is particularly true in RLS, where disease presentations, infrastructure limitations, and approach to medical education present unique challenges to the direct application of resource-rich emergency department POCUS curricula.

Objectives

We describe the point-of-care ultrasound in resource-limited settings (PURLS) fellowship, a novel curriculum designed to provide advanced training and expertise in clinical care and POCUS application and education in RLS.

Conclusion

Our curriculum design is one approach to create context-specific POCUS education for use in RLS, thereby improving patient care.
The common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum
Authors: Oda Hiroki , Akiyama-Oda Yasuko
Published: March 2020

The common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum, belonging to the Chelicerata in the phylum Arthropoda, has emerged as an experimental system for studying mechanisms of development from an evolutionary standpoint. In this article, we review the distinct characteristics of P. tepidariorum, the major research questions relevant to this organism, and the available key methods and resources. P. tepidariorum has a relatively short lifecycle and, once mated, periodically lays eggs. The morphogenetic field of the P. tepidariorum embryo is cellular from an early stage and exhibits stepwise symmetry-breaking events and stripe-forming processes that are associated with body axes formation and segmentation, respectively, before reaching the arthropod phylotypic stage. Self-regulatory capabilities of the embryonic field are a prominent feature in P. tepidariorum. The mechanisms and logic underlying the evolvability of heritable patterning systems at the phylum level could be one of the major avenues of research investigated using this animal. The sequenced genome reveals whole genome duplication (WGD) within chelicerates, which offers an invertebrate platform for investigating the potential roles of WGD in animal diversification and evolution. The development and evolution of lineage-specific organs, including the book lungs and the union of spinnerets and silk glands, are attractive subjects of study. Studies using P. tepidariorum can benefit from the use of parental RNA interference, microinjection applications (including cell labeling and embryonic RNA interference), multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization, and laser ablation as well as rich genomic and transcriptomic resources. These techniques enable functional gene discoveries and the uncovering of cellular and molecular insights.
Novel combinations to improve hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Syed Khaja , Naguib Sara , Liu Zhao-Jun , Cimmino Luisa , Yang Feng-Chun
Published: March 2020

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) represents a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders, which is characterized by cytopenias in the peripheral blood and bone marrow dysplasia due to ineffective hematopoiesis. Patients with MDS have an increased risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although the molecular basis of MDS is heterogeneous, several studies demonstrated the significant contribution of the dysregulated immune system in accelerating MDS progression. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is shown to induce tolerance of MDS blasts, which may result in a further accumulation of genetic aberrations and lead to the disease progression. Increasing evidence shows an expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a population of inflammation-associated immature cells, in patients with MDS. Interestingly, the increased MDSC populations are shown to be correlated with a risk of disease progression in MDS. In addition, MDS is highly prevalent in aged individuals with non-hematology co-morbidities who are fragile for chemotherapy. Increasing research effort is devoting to identify novel agents to specific targeting of the MDSC population for MDS treatment.
Using the modified Delphi method to research the influencing factors of long-term health-related quality of life in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms after endovascular treatment
Authors: Zhai Xiao-Dong , Wang Chun-Xiu , Ma Yong-Jie , Yu Jia-Xing , Xiang Si-Shi , Jiao Han-Yi , Shao Peng , Guan Xin , Wang Jun , Zhang Hong-Qi
Published: March 2020

Background

The purpose of this study was to use the modified Delphi method to identify the influencing factors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) after endovascular treatment.

Methods

A modified Delphi method to obtain expert consensus on the content of potential influencing factors of HRQoL in patients with UIAs treated by endovascular intervention was employed. The research team consists of three neuroradiologists and one epidemiologist from Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University. They randomly selected 21 well-known experts in cerebrovascular disease diagnosis and treatment as participating experts. The importance of the indicator is based on the 5-Likert scale. The standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), mean ($$ \overline{x} $$x¯), and minimum and maximum scores of each indicator were calculated. The consistency was described by Kendall coefficient of concordance with a p value < 0.05 indicating that the expert consistency was high.

Result

Twenty-one and 18 questionnaires were responded in 2 rounds, with effective response rates of 85.7% and 100.0%, respectively. The average authoritative coefficient (Cr) of all 21 experts was 0.88, familiarity with the indicators (Cs) was 0.82, and the judgment basis of the indicators (Ca) was 0.94. Eventually, the $$ \overline{x} $$x¯ values of arterial puncture hematoma, hyperlipidemia, gender, marital status, and hospitalization for other diseases were lower than 3.5; CV for marital status and gender was higher than 0.35. The Kendall coefficient of concordance in the first round was 0.19 (p < 0.001), and the second round was 0.15 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In this study, the factors affecting the recovery of HRQoL after endovascular treatment in patients with UIAs were analyzed by the modified Delphi method, which provided a valuable evidence for the clinical management and daily life guidance for UIAs patients.
Volumetric brain abnormalities in adolescents with conduct disorder with and without attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: a case control study
Authors: Seleem Mohammad A. , El-Shafey Rasha , Shahin Lamis T. , Abdel-Aziz Lina E. , Elkonaisy Noura M. , Marey Yomna K. , Rizkallah Mina , Baghdadi Michael
Published: March 2020

Background

Conduct disorder (CD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder in youth with heterogeneous presentations and hazardous outcomes on family and society. Identifying potential biological markers may help in better understanding and management of the problem. This work aims to explore the potential volumetric brain abnormalities in an Arab-Egyptian sample of conduct disordered youth with and without comorbid ADHD. A total of 27 subjects with conduct disorder, 14 of which also fulfilled the criteria of ADHD, in addition to twenty healthy subjects were recruited. A validated Arabic version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents “M.I.N.I-Kid” was carried out. MRI acquisition was performed on 1.5 T Toshiba MRI scanner. Cortical reconstruction and automatic volumetric segmentation were performed with the Freesurfer image analysis suite.

Results

Youth with CD, with and without ADHD, showed significantly lower cortical thicknesses and smaller subcortical volumes in most of the hemispheric areas. When the two patient groups were compared, youth with CD + ADHD had significantly greater cortical thicknesses but smaller subcortical volumes as compared to youth with CD only.

Conclusions

Conduct disorder, comorbid with ADHD, might prove to be a distinct phenotypic entity with different biological substrates, and hence different needed management, from CD without comorbid ADHD.
Study of disturbed eating behaviors in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Essawy Heba E. , Abdelgawad Ahmed A. , Khamis Marwa E. , Zakaria Alaa
Published: March 2020

Background

There is emergent evidence that disturbed eating behaviors, including emotional eating and obesity, co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. The hypothesis that disturbed eating behaviors in ADHD children are related to ADHD symptom severity, so we aimed to examine the link between ADHD symptoms and eating behaviors.

Results

Fifty ADHD children were included, and they completed the Emotional Eating scale adapted for children (ESS-C) to evaluate eating in response to emotions. Parents completed the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) to assess children’s eating behavior. Multivariable regression analysis was used to detect the most independent factor for higher body mass index (BMI) risk. Higher rates of overweight/obesity were detected among ADHD children than among the normal population. Also, higher Conners global index was associated with higher BMIzscores. Both inattentive and combined types were linked to higher BMI, while hyperactive type with lower BMI. Regarding eating behaviors, a positive association between food approach and BMI, and a negative association between food avoidant and BMIz-scores was found. Similarly, there was a noteworthy positive relation between emotional overeating and BMI. Sixty-eight of ADHD children were high emotional eaters, mainly inattentive and combined types. Others, mainly hyperactive type, were low emotional eaters. Only ESS-C total score was confirmed as an independent factor for higher BMI risk.

Conclusion

Our findings provide evidence that emotional overeating and food approach eating behaviors are common among ADHD children with higher BMI associated with them. Future studies for a better understanding of this overlap will enhance potential interventions.
The Sexes Do Not Differ for Neural Responses to Submaximal Elbow Extensor Fatigue
Authors: YACYSHYN ALEXANDRA F. , MCNEIL CHRIS J.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

To investigate possible sex-related differences in group III/IV muscle afferent feedback with isometric fatigue, we aimed to assess the effect of a sustained submaximal elbow extensor contraction on motoneuronal excitability (cervicomedullary motor evoked potential [CMEP]) and voluntary activation (VA).

Methods

Twenty-four participants (12 females) performed a 15-min contraction at the level of EMG activity recorded at 15% of maximal torque. Each minute, CMEP were elicited by cervicomedullary stimulation with and without conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered 100 ms earlier. Unconditioned and conditioned motor evoked potentials (MEP) in response to TMS were also recorded to assess motor cortical excitability. CMEP and MEP were normalized for changes in downstream excitability and expressed as percentage of their prefatigue (control) values. Postfatigue, VA was calculated from superimposed and resting tetani evoked by stimulation over triceps brachii.

Results

Males were twice as strong as females, but the sexes did not differ for any variable during the fatigue protocol. On a 0–10 scale, RPE increased from ~2.5 to 9. The unconditioned CMEP did not change, whereas the conditioned CMEP was reduced by ~50%. By contrast, the unconditioned and conditioned MEP increased to ~200% and ~320% of the control values, respectively. At task termination, maximal torque was reduced ~40%, and VA was ~80%, down from a prefatigue value of ~96%.

Conclusions

Results support the scant published data on the elbow extensors and indicate no sex-related differences for isometric fatigue of this muscle group. The motoneuronal and VA data suggest that metabolite buildup and group III/IV muscle afferent activity were similar for females and males.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in gliomas: clinical diagnosis and radiotherapy planning
Authors: Laino Maria Elena , Young Robert , Beal Kathryn , Haque Sofia , Mazaheri Yousef , Corrias Giuseppe , Bitencourt Almir GV , Karimi Sasan , Thakur Sunitha B
Published: March 2020

The reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique for investigating brain metabolism to establish cancer diagnosis and IDH gene mutation diagnosis as well as facilitate pre-operative planning and treatment response monitoring. By allowing tissue metabolism to be quantified, MRSI provides added value to conventional MRI. MRSI can generate metabolite maps from a single volume or multiple volume elements within the whole brain. Metabolites such as NAA, Cho and Cr, as well as their ratios Cho:NAA ratio and Cho:Cr ratio, have been used to provide tumor diagnosis and aid in radiation therapy planning as well as treatment assessment. In addition to these common metabolites, 2-hydroxygluterate (2HG) has also been quantified using MRSI following the recent discovery of IDH mutations in gliomas. This has opened up targeted drug development to inhibit the mutant IDH pathway. This review provides guidance on MRSI in brain gliomas, including its acquisition, analysis methods, and evolving clinical applications.
Visualizing highly cited scientific output of Indian physiotherapists: A bibliometric study
Authors: Subbarayalu Arun Vijay , Peter Manuelraj , Idhris Mohamed , Prabaharan Sivasankar , Sakthivel Muhil , Raman Vinoth , R.M. Palanivel , Ibrahim Ramzi Ola
Published: March 2020

Background: Physiotherapy research supports the advancement of evidence-based practice and development of a highly skilled workforce. This study aims to visualize highly cited scientific output of Indian physiotherapists from 1999 to 2018.

Methods: A descriptive study design was adopted to visualize highly cited scientific output of Indian physiotherapists using the Web of Science (WoS) database from 1999 to 2018. A search was carried out using the following term "((TS=(physiotherapy) OR TS=("physical rehabilitation") OR TS=("physical therapy")) AND AD=(India))Indexes=SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, ESCI, CCR-EXPANDED, IC Timespan=1999-2018”. Data collected were analyzed using Incites from WoS and VOSviewer software.

Results:  A total of 489 articles were published between 1999 and 2018, with a peak of 103 in 2016 with 2420 citations. A decline in publication count was observed after 2016. The journal International Journal of Physiotherapy published the highest number of articles (n=35). Manipal University (n=26) was found to be the most active institution for physiotherapy research in India, as determined by producing the most articles. Indian physiotherapists published the highest number of research articles in collaboration with US authors (n=24).

Conclusion: There is an increasing trend in the scientific output of Indian physiotherapists over the past two decades; however, a decline is observed after 2016. It is recommended that research collaborations across the globe are increased and scientific output should be improved, leading to a higher number of citations. Future research should explore factors influencing scientific production of Indian physiotherapists and devise appropriate strategies to attain further improvement.
EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC LIBRARY SYSTEM IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF KYZYL
Authors: Kogar Diana
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the experience of implementing an electronic library system in educational institutions of the city of Kyzyl. Also, this topic is considered relevant because currently the electronic library system (EBS) is a mandatory element of the formation of the library Fund of the educational institution
Social responsibility of medical journal: a concern for COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hamid Agus Rizal Ardy Hariandy
Published: March 2020

[No abstract available]
Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus: a study in a primary health care center in Indonesia
Authors: Tridiantari Diana Kusmi , Saraswati Lintang Dian , Udiyono Ari
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the factors causing erectile dysfunction (ED) and may affect a person's quality of life. This study was aimed to describe the epidemiology of ED in men with DM in a primary health care.
METHODS The study used a cross-sectional study design conducted from January to March 2017 at the Tlogosari Kulon Health Center, Semarang. There were 122 diabetic men who were all included in the study. The data were collected using interviewerassisted questionnaires. The status of ED was measured by the erectile dysfunction intensity scale adapted to the International Index of Erectile Function.
RESULTS The results showed that the prevalence of diabetic men with ED was 84.4%. Most men with ED had age of ≥46 years (91.0%), experienced work stress (88.5%), had low physical activity (93.1%), had obesity (88.0%) of which 86.3% had central obesity, smoking (84.6%), had DM >5 years (91.2%), and took antihypertensive drugs (90.0%). The fasting blood glucose level of respondents ≥126 mg/dl was 86.0%, and 91.7% had sexual desire disorder. The duration of DM and aging are contributing factors of ED in males with DM, with a p-value of 0.016 and 0.013, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of ED in primary health care is still high, and the determining factors were the duration of DM and aging. Public health centers are advised to undertake health promotion on the prevention of factors that can lead to sexual dysfunction in males with DM.
Wilms’ tumor 1 protein expression in embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and its association with clinical prognostic factors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Angelina Aina , Siregar Nurjati Chairani , Arisanty Riesye
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) are the two major histological types commonly found in the pediatric population, which have different morphology and genetic profile. Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) is an antigen highly expressed in solid tumors, including rhabdomyosarcoma, and a potential immunotherapy target. Only a few studies have attempted to determine WT1 expression in rhabdomyosarcoma. This study was conducted to demonstrate WT1 expression in ERMS, ARMS and associate it with established prognostic factors.

METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta using archival data from January 2011 to December 2017. 30 from 102 ERMS cases and 16 from 28 ARMS cases were included in this study. Data of age, tumor size, and location were collected. All cases were stained by WT1 immunohistochemistry. The expression was assessed semiquantitatively using histoscore (H-score) formula. An independent t-test was used to compare WT1 expression between ERMS and ARMS. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between WT1 expression and prognostic factors.

RESULTS All ERMS and ARMS cases expressed WT1 in diffuse, moderate to strong staining. ERMS show higher WT1 expression than ARMS (H-score 179.9 versus 149.5) (p = 0.014). Strong WT1 expression mostly found in patient age <20 years and non favourable location. Moderate WT1 expression mostly found in cases with tumor size >5 cm.

CONCLUSIONS WT1 expression was higher in ERMS cases than in ARMS cases, which the expressions were similar in different age, tumor size, and location groups.
A systematic review of respiratory infection due to air pollution during natural disasters
Authors: Burhan Erlina , Mukminin Ummul
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND Wildfire and volcano eruption occurred in Indonesia due to its geographical location, climate change, global warming, and human behavior. Various substances produced an increased risk of experiencing health problems, including respiratory infection. Evidence about the effect of pulmonary infection during natural disasters is still limited. This study was aimed to review and elaborate on previous studies to determine the effect of air pollution exposure during natural disasters and respiratory infection.

METHODS Literature searches were conducted on PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar, and was limited to the 10 last years, human studies, and the English language. Inclusion criteria were articles with representation for clinical questions, review articles, population studies, and the full-text article was available. Exclusion criteria were articles that only discussed the exposure to and not the association with the effect of the respiratory infection. The Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine tools appraised six relevant articles.

RESULTS Air pollution during a natural disaster enhances particulate matter to 10–70 μg/m3 and more than 5 times the aerosol optical depth measurement compared with the tolerated air concentration. The air level was consistently related to acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis admissions in wildfire smoke and volcanic eruption in this review. Nevertheless, there was a diverse result for upper respiratory infection cases.

CONCLUSIONS Natural disasters increased the level of ambient air pollution that exceeded the levels recommended by the World Health Organization air quality guideline. Air pollution may play an important role in respiratory tract infection, especially among population with high exposure.
Compact wide-angle capsule endoscopic lens design
Authors: Chang Sehui , Kim Dongmok , Kwon Hyuk-Sang
Published: March 2020

Capsule endoscopes require a high-quality imaging system in terms of the wide field of view (FOV), image brightness, and resolution to provide accurate diagnostic information. However, because of the wide-angle lens design, the first element of the lens inevitably becomes larger in diameter, making it difficult to reduce the overall size of the lens. In this study, the compact wide-angle lens for a capsule endoscope is reported. The proposed system allows the first element to be compact in diameter and increases image quality by utilizing all aspheric surfaces for optical aberration control. The specification of the proposed capsule endoscope lens shows the wide FOV of 160 deg, F-number 2.8, and total track length of 5 mm. In the overall FOV, relative illumination is still over 60%. To achieve a high image quality in the proposed system, the modulation transfer function is over 30% at 180 lp/mm for a

1920

×

1080

1/6 inch CMOS image sensor in a pixel size of 1.4 µm.
Comparison of four techniques for turbulent phase screens simulation
Authors: Charnotskii Mikhail
Published: March 2020

In the study, we introduce a new technique, sparse spectrum with uniform wave vectors (SU), for generation of phase screen samples. In a manner similar to the known sparse spectrum (SS) technique, it uses a trigonometric series with random discrete spectral support. However, in contrast to the SS technique, random wave vectors are uniformly distributed on individual segments of the wave vector plane partition in the SU technique. We compare the accuracy and computational effectiveness of the SU technique with the subharmonics complemented discrete Fourier transform (DFT) technique, SS technique, and randomized DFT technique [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 36, 3249 (2019)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.36.003249]. The SU and SS techniques generate unbiased samples and indicate superior computational effectiveness for 1 MP and larger screens.
Compact full-field hard x-ray microscope based on advanced Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors
Authors: Yamada Jumpei , Matsuyama Satoshi , Hirose Raita , Takeda Yoshihiro , Kohmura Yoshiki , Yabashi Makina , Omote Kazuhiko , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Yamauchi Kazuto
Published: March 2020

X-ray full-field microscopy is a promising method for nondestructive
observation of opaque materials because it can attain a high
resolution and wide field of view without sample scanning. We recently
developed hard x-ray objective optics, which are key devices for
full-field microscopy, based on total-reflection mirrors with high
throughput and achromatic properties. The objective optics consist of
two types of advanced Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors configured as crossed
one-dimensional Wolter type I and type III optics. The designed optics
possessed magnification factors of 42–45 with a compact camera length
of approximately 2 m. The hard x-ray full-field microscope based on
this system was tested at the BL29XU beamline at SPring-8. We were
able to resolve 100-nm periods (50-nm line widths) of a resolution
test chart at a photon energy of 15 keV over 30 h, which demonstrated
the remarkable stability of this system. The image quality was
preserved over a wide photon energy range from 9 to 15 keV. A periodic
dot pattern with dot diameters of 300 nm, formed on a 775-µm-thick Si
substrate, was three-dimensionally visualized by computed
tomography.
Study of the Verdet constant of the holmium-doped silica fiber
Authors: Liu Zhenmin , Chen Zhenyi , Chen Na , Huang Yi , Liu Shupeng , Shang Yana , Wang Tingyun
Published: March 2020

A Ho-doped silica fiber with a high verdet constant is prepared by a modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) method. The phenomenon of the Faraday effect enhancement of a Ho-doped silica fiber is theoretically analyzed by the wave transition contribution analysis method based on the wave-particle duality of light. The Verdet constant of Ho-doped silica fiber is calculated with the wavelength range from 1310 nm to 1550 nm. Through experimental measurement, it is found that the Verdet constant of the Ho-doped silica fiber has a wavelength dependency. The experimental results show that the Verdet constant values of the Ho-doped silica fiber at 1310 nm and 1550 nm are 4.5 times and 1.6 times that of the conventional single-mode silica fiber, respectively.
Revealing the surface electronic structures of AlGaN deep-ultraviolet multiple quantum wells with lateral polarity domains
Authors: Guo Wei , Chen Li , Xu Houqiang , Qian Yingda , Sheikhi Moheb , Hoo Jason , Guo Shiping , Xu Liang , Liu Jianzhe , Alqatari Feras , Li Xiaohang , He Kaiyan , Feng Zhe Chuan , Ye Jichun
Published: March 2020

We report on the carrier dynamic and electronic structure investigations on AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with lateral polarity domains. The localized potential maximum is predicted near the domain boundaries by first-principle calculation, suggesting carrier localization and efficient radiative recombination. More importantly, lateral band diagrams of the MQWs are proposed based on electron affinities and valance band levels calculated from ultraviolet (UV) photoelectron spectroscopy. The proposed lateral band diagram is further demonstrated by surface potential distribution collected by Kelvin probe microscopy and the density-of-state calculation of energy bands. This work illustrates that lateral polarity structures are playing essential roles in the electronic properties of III-nitride photonic devices and may provide novel perspective in the realization of high-efficiency UV emitters.
A cópia, a moda e a propriedade industrial
Authors: Lopes Humberto Pinheiro
Published: March 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo problematizar a consolidação da propriedade industrial relativamente ao desenvolvimento histórico da Moda. Para tanto, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, caracterizo a condição da cópia não autorizada como um reflexo para que se possa compreender uma cultura que divide, a partir de uma construção simbólica, a diferença entre produtos considerados adequados a comercializar e consumir. A caracterização da cópia constrói-se perante uma censura de cunho social, consolidada pela cultura, pela legislação e pela força do mercado. O texto faz parte de uma investigação que foi vinculada ao doutoramento em Estudos Contemporâneos da Universidade de Coimbra.
Alguns contributos das ciências para a investigação de obras de arte
Authors: Campos Gil Francisco Paulo de Sá , Catarino Lídia Maria Gil
Published: March 2020

O estudo científico de uma obra de arte pode ajudar a esclarecer muitos aspectos do seu percurso, desde a sua execução até à actualidade. Uma caracterização detalhada dos materiais aplicados ajuda os historiadores de arte e os peritos em obras de arte a complementar os dados estilísticos e documentais, permitindo estimar uma datação, uma autoria e eventuais alterações que tenha sofrido ao longo do tempo, assim como a identificação de falsificações. A descrição das abordagens comuns neste tipo de investigação é feita em função dos suportes das obras (pedra, madeira, metal, vidro, cerâmica, osso ou marfim, tecidos e documentos gráficos) e em função da sua decoração (distribuída por eventuais camadas de preparação, pintura e protecção). Apresentam-se as vantagens e desvantagens de cada técnica aplicada caso a caso.
Stefan Zweig, Romain Rolland e a Grande Guerra
Authors: Gil Maria De Fátima
Published: March 2020

Em 1942, na sua autobiografia Die Welt von Gestern (O mundo de ontem) o famoso escritor e pacifista austríaco Stefan Zweig apresentava-se como alguém que, por via do seu cosmopolitismo, tinha conseguido resistir ao poder aglutinador do início da Grande Guerra. Esta auto-representação não correspondia, porém, ao que havia acontecido. Na realidade, a posição de Zweig fora bastante ambígua e, em grande parte, só chegara a clarificar-se graças à intervenção do autor francês Romain Rolland.No contexto de turvação e pós-verdades do século XXI, faz sentido lembrar estas maiores ou menores “falsificações” e evocar a amizade mantida por dois intelectuais de países adversários durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial. O presente trabalho centrar-se-á nos episódios desse período em que a ligação entre os dois autores mais determinante se revelou para o posicionamento artístico e humano do escritor austríaco.
“Nemine discrepante”: Agostinho Barbosa (1590-1649), estudante da universidade de coimbra, erudito lexicógrafo, canonista difamado?
Authors: Nestola Paola
Published: March 2020

A partir de documentos inéditos, conservados no Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra e no Archivio Segreto Vaticano, o estudo visa (re)considerar Agostinho Barbosa (1590-1649), douto canonista formado na Universidade de Coimbra (1608-1618), e uma parte da sua extensa produção editorial em latim. Estes eruditos textos lexicográficos e jurídicos motivaram, muitas vezes, afirmações difamantes, transmitidas também por quantos trataram, recentemente, da complexa personagem. Barbosa foi um canonista com um cursus itinerante entre a Península Ibérica e a Italiana, durante décadas de profundo colapso social para Portugal, nos anos de integração na coroa espanhola.
Manuel da Costa, poeta novilationo (séc. XVI): o elogio da Monarquia Hispânica através do confronto com a Antiguidade Clássica
Authors: Pereira Susana Hora Marques
Published: March 2020

Manuel da Costa, poeta novilationo (séc. XVI): o elogio da Monarquia Hispânica através do confronto com a Antiguidade Clássica
Os Deuses de costas: Pavese, Dialoghi con Leucò e os mitos
Authors: De Vasconcelos José Manuel
Published: March 2020

Os Deuses de costas: Pavese, Dialoghi con Leucò e os mitos
Dos legumes de vagem em Apício, De re coquinaria
Authors: Cândido Guida da Silva
Published: March 2020

Este estudo procura abordar as diversas utilizações dos legumes de vagem no tratado De re coquinaria de Apicius. Após uma breve identificação do seu autor e de uma contextualização da incontornável obra da antiguidade clássica que é este trado de culinária, parte‑se para uma abordagem específica ao Livro V, cuja temática são os legumes de vagem. Os Romanos cultivam uma multiplicidade de legumes ou leguminosas (legumina), isto é, os legumes de vagem, logo, com grãos. O comércio de legumes secos, torrados, inteiros, em pedaços, ou em farinha é praticado com muita intensidade. Identificam‑se os alimentos, as técnicas e receitas. Finaliza‑se com duas sugestões culinárias que representam um exercício de reconstituição arqueológica e de recriação.
Sólon e as normas sobre prostituição e instituição de bordéis em Atenas
Authors: Leão Delfim
Published: March 2020

Este artigo analisa algumas normas de Sólon relativas à situação da mulher, em particular as leis respeitantes ao adultério (moicheia), à prostituição forçada de mulheres livres e à prostituição voluntária. Discute ainda a tradição (falsa) de Sólon ter tomado a iniciativa de instituir bordéis oficiais em Atenas.
Páginas de Suetónio: a morte de Augusto ou o “Mimo da vida”
Authors: Brandão José Luís
Published: March 2020

No ano em que se celebra o bimilenário da morte de Augusto, este estudo propõe uma análise de cariz didáctico do texto de Suetónio (Aug. 99‑100.1) sobre o trespasse do fundador do principado: um exemplo de boa morte, o justo prémio para um governante que, a despeito dos seus muitos defeitos relatados pelo biógrafo dos Césares, se consagrou como um mito e modelo de príncipe. Depois de uma contextualização do relato na estrutura da Vida de Augusto, é apresentada uma tradução portuguesa do texto, seguida de comentário, no qual se faz também o cotejo com informações provenientes de fontes paralelas.
A epígrafe latina como elemento didático (XXXIII): o colégio dos sêxviros: religião e poder em evidência
Authors: D'Encarnação José
Published: March 2020

Procura mostrar‑se, através da análise da actividade dos sêxviros, como a religião e o poder se encontram intimamente ligados durante a época romana. Assinala‑se que eram predominantemente os libertos que integravam este colégio sacerdotal relacionado com o culto ao imperador. Exemplifica‑se com uma epígrafe de Balsa (IRCP 73), em que um sêxviro agradece à deusa Fortuna Augusta o ter sido eleito, atestando que cumpriu assim as promessas eleitorais.
A genealogia cadmeia em Tebas
Authors: Braga Alessandro Eloy
Published: March 2020

Segundo a mitologia grega, Cadmo foi o fundador de Tebas. Sua linhagem real reinou soberana sobre a cidade mesmo diante de uma longa sequência de infortúnios representados nas sete tragédias do ciclo tebano que chegaram até nós, além de outras com as quais não tivemos contato. Este artigo apresenta a sistematização da genealogia de Cadmo em Tebas, ou genealogia cadmeia, a partir do estudo em conjunto destas sete tragédias.
O estudo da história antiga a partir de textos literários: uma proposta teórico-metodológica
Authors: Sousa Paulo Ângelo de Meneses
Published: March 2020

O artigo apresenta e discute uma proposta teórico-metodológica desenvolvida no nosso livro didático A História Antiga a partir de textos literários, inédito, elaborado no decorrer de nossa experiência de ensino na disciplina História Antiga do curso de graduação em História da Universidade Federal do Piauí (Brasil), no qual propomos estudar a História Antiga a partir de textos literários, principalmente da Grécia e Roma antigas.
A epígrafe latina como elemento didático (xxxiv): a inscrição neoclássica da mansão Renier, em Creta
Authors: D'Encarnação José
Published: March 2020

A conhecida inscrição gravada no frontispício da mansão Renier em Cândia, na ilha de Creta ainda não foi estudada do ponto de vista histórico-epigráfico. Datada de 1608, constitui, porém, eloquente exemplo da sábia adaptação de tópicos literários colhidos em Horácio e Virgílio.
As instituições divinas de Lactâncio e sua relação com o epítome
Authors: Abrantes Miguel Rúben F.C.
Published: March 2020

Se o epítome de uma obra deverá, idealmente, reter todos os conteúdos mais importantes do original, esse processo também implica uma sinopse de ideias com base num objectivo particular. As Instituições Divinas e o Epítome da mesma obra, ambos da autoria indisputada de Lactâncio, permitem-nos constatar a forma como um autor simplifica o seu texto, adaptando-o, como iremos argumentar, com base na audiência final e acabando por produzir uma obra que, apesar do seu título, não se trata de simples resumo.
O Senhor dos Anéis de J. R. R. Tolkien e o universo da épica clássica
Authors: Teixeira Cláudia
Published: March 2020

A classificação do género O Senhor dos anéis de Tolkien tem suscitado um intenso debate nas últimas décadas. Neste texto, discute-se a relação desta obra com as épicas clássicas, apontando algumas diferenças estruturais e temáticas subjacentes à concepção e organização dos textos.
Os Antecedentes da Orientação Empreendedora em Negócios Sociais
Authors: Carmona Viviane Celina , Daí Pra Martens Cristina , Mello Rodrigues de Freitas Henrique
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar os Antecedentes da OE em Startups de Negócios Sociais. Método: Foi desenvolvido um estudo exploratório e qualitativo, com coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com fundadores de oito negócios sociais. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo, com auxílio do software ATLAS.ti.Resultados: É apresentada uma caracterização dos antecedentes da OE, sendo eles: missão social, identificação de oportunidades, acesso a capital e stakeholders. Os resultados evidenciam a identificação de oportunidades como o principal antecedente. Essas oportunidades estão relacionadas às necessidades de participação e de contribuição social por parte dos fundadores. Na sequência, destaca-se a missão social, vista como uma oportunidade de contribuir para a qualidade de vida da população em geral.Contribuições teóricas: O estudo contribui com a caracterização dos antecedentes da OE no contexto de negócios sociais, evidenciando que há diferença desses antecedentes nos contextos social e puramente econômico.Relevância/originalidade: O estudo investiga contexto carente de estudos voltados à compreensão dos antecedentes que podem ser os propulsores ou facilitadores de inciativas empreendedoras.Contribuições sociais/para a gestão: A compreensão dos antecedentes da OE em negócios sociais pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de ações estratégicas junto à empreendedores e empreendimentos de negócios sociais.
Competências Empreendedoras: Construção de uma Escala de Avaliação
Authors: Cualheta Luciana Padovez , Abbad Gardenia , Faiad Cristiane , Borges Junior Candido
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o processo de elaboração e validação de uma escala que avalia as competências empreendedoras desenvolvidas em disciplinas de graduação de empreendedorismo.Método: Para elaboração e validação da escala, foram feitas análises documentais, grupos focais, validação por juízes, validação semântica e validação empírica com 182 respondentes.Originalidade/ relevância: O artigo apresenta uma escala de competências empreendedoras desenvolvida especificamente para avaliar as competências de disciplinas de empreendedorismo de graduação, ao contrário das escalas já existentes, que são focadas em donos de empresas, não representando a realidade dos estudantes.Resultados: A escala validada apresenta 36 itens, divididos em 5 fatores. O fator 1 foi denominado “competências para elaborar o modelo de negócios”. O fator 2 foi denominado “competências para vender e assumir riscos”. O fator 3 é chamado de “competências para identificação de oportunidades”. O fator 4 foi chamado de “competências para aceitar erros”. Por fim, o fator 5 foi chamado de “competências de trabalho em equipe”.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: A principal contribuição proposta pelo artigo é a apresentação de uma escala capaz de mensurar as competências empreendedoras desenvolvidas por estudantes de cursos ou disciplinas de empreendedorismo, uma vez que as escalas existentes são focadas nos donos de empresas. A escala pode ser replicada para avaliação de outros cursos ou disciplinas de empreendedorismo e seu processo de construção e validação podem ser replicados.