bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Rapid Salivary C-Reactive Protein Test to Assess Early Changes in Malignancy in the Oral Cavity and Its Utility in Screening for Oral Cancer
Authors: Patil Vathsala , Vineetha Ravindranath , Smriti Komal , Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy , Gadicherla Srikanth , Sunitha Carnelio
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The present study aimed to test the efficacy of the chair-side rapid salivary C-reactive protein assay kit in differentiating oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer from normal mucosa using whole salivary samples. Methods: In this study, unstimulated saliva samples of cases (OPMDs and oral cancer) and controls (systemically healthy subjects) were used to detect CRP levels using a novel colorimetric, quantitative rapid assay kit. Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA with a post hoc Dunn’s test were applied to determine the difference in the mean and SD values between the case and control groups. ROC analysis was performed to identify the positive and negative likelihood ratios. Results: The mean calculated salivary CRP level in the oral cancer group was 4.21 ng/mL, in the OPMD group it was 2.51 ng/mL and in the healthy controls it was 0.7 ng/mL. Post hoc tests showed that the salivary CRP levels were significantly higher in the oral cancer and OPMD groups than in the controls. Conclusions: The present study showed that the novel rapid salivary test kit could significantly differentiate between the salivary CRP values of cases and controls but there was no significant difference between the OPMD and malignancy groups. It also showed higher sensitivity values, confirming the efficacy of this kit as a screening tool.
The Effect of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) on Dental Implants Survival—A Systematic Review
Authors: Kaya Sebahat , Walter Christian , Khamis Aya , Müller-Heupt Lena Katharina , Zimmer Stefanie , Cascant Ortolano Lorena , Sagheb Keyvan , Al-Nawas Bilal , Schiegnitz Eik
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This research is purposed to synthesize the existing evidence on implant survival rates in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and assess potential risk factors associated with peri-implant disease. Material and Methods: A comprehensive search was performed across PubMed MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, including studies published between 2012 and 2023. Results: The review of studies related to oral lichen planus (OLP) revealed an implant survival rate of 99.3% (50% to 100%) with a mean follow-up of 40.1 months. One retrospective study focused on patients with leukoplakia and erythroplakia, but did not provide data on implant survival; however, it reported the presence of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) in the vicinity of dental implants. Data from a patient with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) indicated a 100% implant survival rate, while patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) showed an implant survival rate of 97.67%. For all other entities of OPMD no articles could be found. Conclusions: With the exception of OLP, there is a limited number of studies or none on all other entities of OPMD. The available literature indicates no impact of OLP on implant survival rates and does not support OLP as a risk factor for peri-implant disease. For the other entities of OPMD, no conclusion regarding implant survival or peri-implant disease risk factors can be drawn due to a lack of studies. To validate the results and evaluate OPMD on peri-implant tissue, large-scale prospective studies for all types of OPMD, especially for leukoplakia and erythroplakia, are needed.
Refraction of the Two-Photon Multimode Field via a Three-Level Atom
Authors: Harborth Trever , Rostovtsev Yuri
Published: January 2025

Classically, the refractive index of a medium is due to a response on said medium from an electromagnetic field. It has been shown that a single two-level atom interacting with a single photon undergoes dispersion. The following extends that analyses to a three-level system interacting with two photons. Analysis of the system is completed both numerically for all photonic field modes, and analytically for an adiabatic solution of a single field mode. The findings are not only interesting for understanding additional physical phenomena due to the increased complexity of a three-level, two-photon system, but are also necessary for advancing applications such as quantum communications, quantum computation, and quantum information.
Elementary Teachers’ Experiences of Implementing Culturally Responsive and Inclusive Education in New York State
Authors: Pai Grace
Published: January 2025

Many states in the United States have adopted culturally responsive sustaining education (CRSE) as a pedagogical framework to promote inclusive education and positive student outcomes for all students, including those from marginalized groups. Yet there is a paucity of knowledge on teachers’ attitudes towards and experiences of implementing these initiatives. This study draws on survey data to explore how urban and rural/suburban elementary school teachers across the state of New York understand and implement the state’s CRSE framework. Results show that although CRSE is not necessarily a top priority of many schools across the state, teachers generally have positive perceptions of CRSE and have been accountable in taking concrete steps towards implementing inclusive curriculum. However, they can benefit from more school- and district-level support. Lastly, teachers in rural/suburban districts outside of NYC reported significantly lower rates of school-wide buy-in into CRSE. These findings support the development of school- or districtwide professional learning opportunities to build understanding of the state’s framework and ways to collaboratively translate CRSE values into inclusive teaching.
Dominant Discourses About What It Means to Be “Good” at Mathematics: How High-Achieving Young Women Negotiate Tensions Within Their Evolving STEM Identities
Authors: Galanti Terrie , Holincheck Nancy
Published: January 2025

Cultural beliefs about what it means to be “good” at mathematics profoundly impact students’ perceptions of their abilities and how they come to see themselves in STEM. These beliefs can be traced back to dominant societal discourses about mathematical aptitude and achievement. These dominant discourses are communicated to students in a myriad of ways through family, friends, media, and overall societal norms. They reify deficit perspectives (often gendered, classed, and racialized) about who is or can be mathematically competent. In this investigation, we used a framework of dichotomies within dominant discourses about what it means to be “good” at mathematics to interpret retrospective narratives from a larger phenomenological study of accelerated mathematics course-taking. Focus group and individual interview data from two high-achieving young women were analyzed to understand how evolving beliefs about mathematical competence impacted their STEM identity development. These dichotomies explain the questioning of their mathematical competence and their subsequent decisions to decelerate from the most rigorous program of study at their high school. Our participants negotiated tensions in their STEM identities as a result of a mathematics culture that too often values speed, correctness, and competition over collaboration, productive struggle, and help-seeking. They continue to navigate these tensions as college students and as STEM majors. Our framework can be used to understand how mathematics experiences contribute to students’ struggles to develop robust STEM identities.
Forest Soil Microbiomes: A Review of Key Research from 2003 to 2023
Authors: Onet Aurelia , Grenni Paola , Onet Cristian , Stoian Vlad , Crisan Vlad
Published: January 2025

Forests have a key role in mitigating both non-biological and biological ecological disturbances. However, major disturbances (soil pollution, shift from native forest species to exoticones, forested watersheds and climate changes) can have different impacts on a forest’s soil microbiome. Because the soil microbial community of forests has a key role in a variety of ecosystem services that promote the forest’s health, this review tries to answer the following questions: (i) Which are the main ecological disturbances that drive the responses of the forest soil microbiome? (ii) How can we measure these changes? For this aim, the review summarizes details on the tree vegetation type, the microbial communities in forest ecosystems, and the mutual influence between plants, soil, and microbiomes. Microbial communities are shaped by factors such as soil type and composition, plant and vegetation types, nutrient levels and soil fertility, disturbance patterns, symbiotic associations, biotic interactions, and the progression of forest succession. Anthropogenic activities produce a rapid response in the microbial communities, leading to both short- and long-term alterations. Harvesting processes reduce drastically the microbiome diversity, forcing a shift from specialized to more generalist microorganisms. Restoration scenarios indicate a re-establishment of microbial communities to a level similar to the native forest, but with a high percentage of replaced native microorganisms. This review emphasizes that the forest soil microbiome is shaped by a range of environmental, ecological, and biotic factors. The primary drivers of the soil microbiome in forest ecosystems discussed in this review include soil composition and nutrient availability, plant community structure, microbial interactions within the soil, disturbances, succession, and temporal dynamics. When considered together, these factors interact in complex ways, influencing the diversity, function, and resilience of the soil microbiome in forest ecosystems.
The Tasmanian Estuary Perch Population—A Threatened Species?
Authors: Yick Jonah L. , Van Wyk Bryan , Haddy James
Published: January 2025

Estuary perch (Percalates colonorum) are a long-lived and slow-growing species which are distributed throughout southeastern Australian estuaries. In Tasmania, only one known population remains which is located in the Arthur River, on the remote northwest coast. Tasmania is the only Australian state to list estuary perch as a wholly protected species (recreational and commercial), while other populations across their mainland distribution appear to be robust. A survey undertaken on estuary perch in the Arthur River in 2014–2015 indicated that the population was small (825–2375 fish) and dominated by three age classes between 12 and 14 years old. This population also has extremely low genetic diversity and is genetically distinct to mainland populations due to its geographic isolation. During a re-survey in December 2023, 378 estuary perch were captured, with 191 tagged and released, and 31 fish retained for age and gonad analysis. Although three strong age classes were detected (five, eight and twenty-three years), numerous weak and missing cohorts were apparent. This study also confirms this population has a delayed spawning season in comparison to mainland populations, with growth models and tag recaptures (32 fish) demonstrating a very slow but sexually dimorphic growth rate. By combining the datasets of the 2014/15 and 2023 survey, we present an updated understanding of the biology and population dynamics of this unique Tasmanian population, which has previously never been published. The results confirm the population is still reproductively active and stable; however, due to their restricted distribution, variable recruitment, slow growth, and small population, further conservation efforts are still required. Further legislative listings at both the state and federal levels are planned, which if successful will provide additional protection and assist in applications for external funding and resources. This will support the development of a recovery plan which will consider re-stocking efforts and re-establishment of previously inhabited waters and investigate potential actions to improve the genetics of the Tasmanian population. Additionally, educational campaigns to inform the public and recreational fishers on the status of estuary perch in Tasmania will be undertaken.
Ecuadorian Cacao Mucilage as a Novel Culture Medium Ingredient: Unveiling Its Potential for Microbial Growth and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Guzmán-Armenteros Tania María , Guerra Luis Santiago , Ruales Jenny , Ramos-Guerrero Luis
Published: January 2025

Cacao mucilage is typically disposed of during processing, yet its abundant content of organic compounds, polysaccharides, and nutrients renders it valuable for various applications. This scientific study investigates the suitability of cacao mucilage as an alternative culture medium for Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger, aiming to provide a viable alternative to traditional media. Through a mixed-design approach, the powdered mucilage, peptone, and yeast extract ingredients were optimized using the recovery rates of each micro-organism as the response variable. The optimal formulation of the medium, consisting of 49.6% mucilage, 30% yeast extract, and 20.9% peptone, resulted in remarkable microbial recovery rates. L. plantarum achieved an outstanding recovery rate of 98.18%, while S. cerevisiae and A. niger exhibited recovery rates of 90.57% and 89.90%, respectively. Notably, these recovery rates surpassed those obtained using conventional culture mediums. Thus, cacao mucilage emerges as an effective component for formulating a natural culture medium that facilitates the growth of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and fungi. The yeast extract peptone mucilage (YPM) medium demonstrated enhanced growth, particularly for yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, with recovery rates exceeding 90%. Conversely, A. niger displayed a relatively lower recovery rate. These findings emphasize the potential of cacao mucilage as a valuable resource for preparing natural culture media that promotes the growth of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and fungi, offering promising prospects for various applications in microbiology and biotechnology.
Mitigation of Mycotoxin Content by a Single-Screw Extruder in Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack)
Authors: Jakovac-Strajn Breda , Babič Janja , Pezo Lato , Banjac Vojislav , Čolović Radmilo , Kos Jovana , Miljanić Jelena , Janić Hajnal Elizabet
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extrusion processing parameters—moisture content (M = 20 and 24%), feeding rate (FR = 20 and 25 kg/h), and screw speed (SS = 300, 390 and 480 RPM), on the content of deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-Acetyl Deoxynivalenol (15-AcDON), 3-Acetyl Deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), HT-2 Toxin (HT-2), tentoxin (TEN) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), using a pilot single-screw extruder in whole-grain triticale flour. The temperature at the end plate of the extruder ranged between 97.6 and 141 °C, the absolute pressure was from 0.10 to 0.42 MPa, the mean retention time of material in the barrel was between 16 and 35 s, and the specific energy consumption was from 91.5 to 186.6 Wh/kg. According to the standard score, the optimum parameters for the reduction of the content of analysed mycotoxins were M = 24 g/100 g, FR = 25 kg/h, SS = 480 RPM, with a reduction of 3.80, 60.7, 61.5, 86.5, 47.7, and 55.9% for DON, 3-AcDON, 15-AcDON, HT-2, TEN, and AME, respectively. Under these conditions, the bulk density, pellet hardness, water absorption index, and water solubility index of the pellet were 0.352 g/mL, 13.7 kg, 8.96 g/g, and 14.9 g/100 g, respectively.
Antioxidant, Physiochemical, and Sensory Properties of Functional Marshmallow Produced from Honey, Strawberry Concentrates, and Hibiscus Extract
Authors: Al-Dabbas Maher M. , Abu Samaan Etaf G. , Iqbal Sehar , Hamad Hani J. , Al-Jaloudi Rawan , Shahein Mohammad , Al-Nawasrah Bha’a Aldin , Al-Zabt Abdalrahman , Al-Refaie Doa`a , Shehadeh Nisreen , Abughoush Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

Marshmallow candy is a well-known sugar-based confection that is widely consumed among different population groups. However, its high sugar contents and low nutritive value might lead to adverse health outcomes. This study, therefore, aimed to develop optimal formulations for functional marshmallow candy using honey, aqueous hibiscus extract, cow’s milk, and strawberry concentrates with partial replacement of table sugar and glucose syrup. In this regard, six different formulations (F1–F6) were developed, varying in the ratios of key ingredients, such as F1 formulated with honey (9%), sucrose (35%), glucose syrup (33%), milk (4%), and hibiscus extract (1%); F2 containing honey (10%), sucrose (30%), glucose syrup (25%), milk (4%), hibiscus extract (1%), and strawberry concentrate (13%); F3 with honey (15%), sucrose (25%), glucose syrup (20%), milk (4%), hibiscus extract (1%), and strawberry concentrate (16%); F4 formulated with honey (20%), sucrose (20%), glucose syrup (15%), milk (4%), hibiscus extract (1%), and strawberry concentrate (24%); F5 containing honey (30%), sucrose (20%), glucose syrup (5%), milk (4%), hibiscus extract (1%), and strawberry concentrate (24%); and F6 developed with honey (10%), sucrose (30%), glucose syrup (25%), and strawberry concentrate (16%) without milk or Hibiscus extract. These formulations were evaluated for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and textural and sensory characteristics. The results show that all formulations containing functional ingredients had significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, along with stronger antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control. Among the formulations, F5 exhibited the highest phenolic and flavonoids contents (89.8 mg GAE/100 g and 1.62 mg RE/100 g, respectively) and reducing power activity (197.8% equivalent to 30 µg vitamin C). Additionally, F3 and F4 showed the strongest DPPH scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 8.0 and 5.1 mg/mL, respectively. In terms of texture, the hardness of all formulations was comparable to the control, except for F1 and F6. The results for sensory analysis show that all modified marshmallows received higher consumer acceptance in overall liking, appearance, softness, elasticity, lightness, and flavor compared to the control. Overall, this study shows that the use of functional ingredients significantly enhanced the total phenolic and flavonoid content and improved antioxidant activities in marshmallow production. This functional candy can provide nutrient-rich health-promoting ingredients for consumers.
Three-Dimensional Printable Magnetic Hydrogels with Adjustable Stiffness and Adhesion for Magnetic Actuation and Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications
Authors: Xuan Xueting , Li Yi , Xu Xing , Pan Zhouyi , Li Yu , Luo Yonghao , Sun Li
Published: January 2025

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels hold immense promise for biomedical applications, but conventional gelation processes often struggle to achieve the precision and complexity required for advanced functionalities such as soft robotics, targeted drug delivery, and tissue engineering. This study introduces a class of 3D-printable magnetic hydrogels with tunable stiffness, adhesion, and magnetic responsiveness, prepared through a simple and efficient “one-pot” method. This approach enables precise control over the hydrogel’s mechanical properties, with an elastic modulus ranging from 43 kPa to 277 kPa, tensile strength from 93 kPa to 421 kPa, and toughness from 243 kJ/m3 to 1400 kJ/m3, achieved by modulating the concentrations of acrylamide (AM) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. These hydrogels exhibit rapid heating under an alternating magnetic field, reaching 44.4 °C within 600 s at 15 wt%, demonstrating the potential for use in mild magnetic hyperthermia. Furthermore, the integration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and nanoclay into the AM precursor optimizes the rheological properties and ensures high printability, enabling the fabrication of complex, high-fidelity structures through extrusion-based 3D printing. Compared to existing magnetic hydrogels, our 3D-printable platform uniquely combines adjustable mechanical properties, strong adhesion, and multifunctionality, offering enhanced capabilities for use in magnetic actuation and hyperthermia in biomedical applications. This advancement marks a significant step toward the scalable production of next-generation intelligent hydrogels for precision medicine and bioengineering.
Microbiome-Driven Therapeutics: From Gut Health to Precision Medicine
Authors: Yaqub Muneer Oladipupo , Jain Aashika , Joseph Chinedu Eucharia , Edison Lekshmi K.
Published: January 2025

The human microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms residing in and on the body, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of a wide range of physiological processes, including digestion, immune responses, and metabolic functions. In recent years, the rapidly growing field of microbiome-driven therapeutics has garnered significant attention owing to its potential to revolutionize healthcare. This review explores the evolving landscape of microbiome-based therapies, with a particular focus on the gut microbiome and its implications for both gut health and precision medicine. We highlight recent advances in understanding how microbial communities influence disease pathogenesis and treatment outcomes, spanning conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), metabolic disorders, neurological diseases, and even cancer. This article also discusses emerging therapeutic strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and microbial-based drugs, as well as the challenges associated with their clinical implementation. Additionally, we examined how the integration of microbiome profiling and metagenomic data is advancing the field of precision medicine, paving the way for personalized and effective treatments. This review serves as a comprehensive resource that synthesizes current knowledge, identifies key gaps in microbiome research, and offers insights into the future direction of microbiome-driven therapeutics, thus providing a valuable framework for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers seeking to harness the potential of microbiomes to advance personalized healthcare solutions.
Perceived Stress: Psychosocial-Sociodemographic Factors as Predictors of Tension, Irritability, and Fatigue Among Ecuadorian University Professors
Authors: Cadena-Povea Henry , Hernández-Martínez Marco , Bastidas-Amador Gabriela , Calderón-Muñoz Josué
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to identify the factors that best predict variations in tension, irritability, and fatigue (TIF) among university professors in Ecuador. Using a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, data were collected from a probabilistic sample of 364 participants. Psychometric measures were adapted and linguistically validated to assess TIF, and participants completed the Perceived Stress Questionnaire, alongside a sociodemographic questionnaire. Written informed consent was obtained, and participation was entirely voluntary. The results indicated that TIF significantly contribute to perceived stress levels among professors. Specific sociodemographic predictors were identified as statistically significant, providing insight into the multifaceted nature of work-related stress in academic settings and its potential implications for health and job satisfaction. The findings underscore the importance of targeted strategies to reduce stress-related outcomes, addressing factors unique to the academic environment in Ecuador. Additionally, while sociodemographic aspects were associated with variations in stress levels, other stress types also triggered TIF among university professors.
A Retrospective Analysis Evaluating the Impact of Neighborhood Deprivation on Birth Weight in Phoenix, Arizona
Authors: Mickelson Kristin D. , Witsoe Megan , Krzyzanowski Brittany , Doehrman Pooja , Dinh Samantha , Zhou Guangying , Nguyen Jacqueline
Published: January 2025

Background: Health inequities begin before birth and are influenced by pregnancy conditions, race/ethnicity, social class, and environment. Research indicates that, in the United States, Black women are significantly more likely to have low-birth-weight babies compared to White women. Interestingly, Hispanic women in the United States do not experience this birth weight inequity. The reasons for this disparity remain unclear. Both Hispanic and Black women face discrimination, and this is often cited as a primary reason for the higher prevalence of low-birth-weight babies among Black women. One type of discrimination that is less examined is neighborhood deprivation. Method: This study systematically examined the impact of various sociodemographic and pregnancy predictors among 9607 women in Phoenix, Arizona. Using multilevel modeling, we analyzed whether neighborhood deprivation (using the Area Deprivation Index) influenced the association between demographic and pregnancy risk and protective factors on birth weight outcomes. Results: Consistent with prior research, we found that Black and Asian women had lower-birth-weight babies than White women, while Hispanic women did not show a significant difference from non-Hispanic women. Additionally, multilevel modeling suggested that increased neighborhood deprivation tends to exacerbate the impact of some risk factors (e.g., race) and reduce the impact of specific protective factors (e.g., gestational age) on birth weight. Conclusion: These findings suggest that both place and individual factors synergistically influence birth weight outcomes. Moreover, the results underscore the importance of targeting interventions to enhance resources among those who live in the most deprived neighborhoods.
Highly Efficient Removal of Organic Pollutants with HCO3−-Enhanced Ru(III)/NaClO Process
Authors: Zhang Yuhan , Peng Guilong , Yan Yuting , Meng Xukun , Gong Wenwen
Published: January 2025

The design of efficient advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in the presence of bicarbonate has long attracted considerable attention in the field of environmental catalysis. In this study, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as one of the most abundant substances in actual water, was introduced to a NaClO/Ru(III) system to enhance the removal of acid orange 7(AO7). NaHCO3 could significantly improve the removal efficiency of the Ru(III)/NaClO process in HCO3− at a pH range of 6.9–10.0. Ru(V)=O was identified as a dominant reactive species involved in the degradation of pollutants in the NaHCO3/NaClO/Ru(III) system. HCO3− interacts with Ru(III) to generate Ru(III)-HCO3−, which enhances the activation performance of Ru(III) under neutral or alkaline conditions. The removal of AO7 was significantly enhanced with increasing NaHCO3 concentration, and the rate constant increased more than 2-fold to 4-fold as NaHCO3 concentrations increased from 0 to 100 mM at pH 6.9 and 8.5. This study proposed a novel strategy to enhance the Ru(III)/NaClO process with environmentally friendly inorganic ligands and highlights its potential applications in the removal of pollutants.
A Lateral Line Specific Mucin Involved in Cupula Growth and Vibration Detection in Zebrafish
Authors: Ma Ziyue , Tian Yixuan , Wang Yingying , Wang Chenghao , Wang Jian , Fan Chunxin
Published: January 2025

The lateral line system in fish is crucial for detecting water flow, which facilitates various behaviors such as prey detection, predator avoidance, and rheotaxis. The cupula, a gelatinous structure overlaying the hair cells in neuromasts, plays a key role in transmitting mechanical stimuli to hair cells. However, the molecular composition of the cupula matrix remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that Mucin-5AC, a novel family of mucin proteins, composed of 2–27 cysteine-rich domains, presents in cartilaginous and bony fishes. Using in situ hybridization and transgenic reporter assays, we demonstrated that zebrafish muc5AC is specifically expressed in the support cells of neuromasts. Knockdown of muc5AC via antisense morpholino resulted in shorter cupulae in zebrafish lateral line. Additionally, we generated zebrafish muc5AC mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 and found that cupulae in muc5AC mutants were significantly shorter than that in wild-types, but the hair cell number in neuromasts was not changed obviously. Furthermore, muc5AC mutant zebrafish larvae displayed compromised sensitivity to vibration stimuli compared to wild-type larvae. This study provides the first evidence linking the muc5AC gene to cupula development and vibration detection in zebrafish. Our findings suggest that Mucin-5AC is likely a critical component of the cupula matrix, offering an important clue to the molecular composition of the lateral line cupula in fish.
An Intelligent Fuzzy-Based Routing Protocol for Vehicular Opportunistic Networks
Authors: Qafzezi Ermioni , Bylykbashi Kevin , Higashi Shunya , Ampririt Phudit , Matsuo Keita , Barolli Leonard
Published: January 2025

Opportunistic networks are characterized by intermittent connectivity and dynamic topologies, which pose significant challenges for efficient message delivery, resource management, and routing decision-making. This paper introduces the Fuzzy Control Routing Protocol, a novel approach designed to address these challenges by leveraging fuzzy logic to enhance routing decisions and improve overall network performance. The protocol considers buffer occupancy, angle to destination, and the number of unique connections of the target nodes to make context-aware routing decisions. It was implemented and evaluated using the FuzzyC framework for simulations and the opportunistic network environment simulator for realistic network scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate that the Fuzzy Control Routing Protocol achieves competitive delivery probability, efficient resource utilization, and low overhead compared to the Epidemic and MaxProp protocols. Notably, it consistently outperformed the Epidemic protocol across all metrics and exhibited comparable delivery probability to MaxProp while maintaining significantly lower overhead, particularly in low-density scenarios. The results demonstrate the protocol’s ability to adapt to varying network conditions, effectively balance forwarding and resource management, and maintain robust performance in dynamic vehicular environments.
Methodological and Technological Advancements in E-Learning
Authors: Dritsas Elias , Trigka Maria
Published: January 2025

The present survey examines the intersection of methodological advancements and technological innovations in e-learning, emphasizing their transformative impact on modern education. It systematically explores instructional design frameworks, adaptive learning systems, immersive technologies, and data-driven analytics, highlighting their role in fostering personalized, scalable, and inclusive learning environments. Through the integration of pedagogical theories with advanced tools like artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR), this study demonstrates how e-learning systems enhance engagement, retention, and accessibility. The survey addresses critical challenges such as the digital divide, data privacy, and resistance to adoption, offering evidence-based strategies to mitigate these issues. It underscores the importance of bridging equity gaps while maintaining scalability and sustainability, particularly in underserved regions. By synthesizing state-of-the-art research and practical applications, this work provides actionable insights into the future of e-learning, advocating for a balanced approach to innovation that aligns technological capabilities with the diverse needs of global learners. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable, inclusive, and effective digital education ecosystems.
Reduction in Aedes aegypti Population After a Year-Long Application of Targeted Sterile Insect Releases in the West Valley Region of Southern California
Authors: Birhanie Solomon Kibret , Hans Jacob , Castellon Jennifer Thieme , Macias Ale , Casas Rubi , Hoang Huy , Mormile Deanna , Pitts-Love Kecia , Brown Michelle Q.
Published: January 2025

Aedes aegypti is of great public health concern because of its vectorial capacity to transmit various arboviruses such as Zika, yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya. In California, its expanding geographic distribution has been unrestrained. This urgently calls for innovative tools such as the use of sterile insect technique (SIT) to strengthen invasive Aedes control. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of combining an SIT application into integrated vector management (IVM) strategies in invasive Aedes control in the West Valley region of southern California. A total of 25 Aedes hotspots, grouped into two cohorts—sites that received SIT treatment only (n = 9) and sites that received both SIT and In2Care® Mosquito Stations (n = 16)—were selected for this study. Biweekly, X-ray irradiated male Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were released between April and November 2024. Data from weekly BG Sentinel-2 traps were utilized to compare the mosquito densities between the pre-intervention (2023) and intervention (2024) periods for both cohorts. In addition, a subset of samples (n = 50) of irradiated male mosquitoes were placed in a separate cage with freshly emerged unirradiated female mosquitoes to evaluate the level of sterility of the eggs from these mosquitoes. Aedes-related service requests made by the District’s residents were also compared between the pre-intervention and intervention periods to indirectly determine the effect of optimizing the control strategies on overall mosquito problems. A total of 106,608 sterile male Ae. aegypti were released between April and November 2024. The cohort with the SIT only application showed a 44% reduction in the number of female Ae. aegypti per trap-night during the intervention period compared with the pre-intervention period. At sites with In2Care Mosquito Stations that also received SIT treatment, the mosquito density dropped by 65% during the intervention period compared with the pre-intervention period. The number of Aedes-related service requests during the intervention year (n = 367) was 45% lower than the pre-intervention year (n = 656). Over 99.6% eggs collected from female mosquitoes mated with irradiated males did not hatch, indicating a high level of sterility of the irradiated males utilized for our SIT application. Here, we demonstrated the potential of SIT when combined with IVM strategies such as In2Care® Mosquito Stations, offering a holistic approach to reducing the public health risks associated with Aedes-borne diseases.
Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System
Authors: Zhang Shan , Wang Zhengyan , Luo Qiong , Zhou Lizhen , Du Xin , Ren Yonglin
Published: January 2025

Innate immunity is critical for insects to adjust to complicated environments. Studying the insect immune system can aid in identifying novel insecticide targets and provide insights for developing novel pest control strategies. Insects recognize environmental pathogens through pattern recognition receptors, thus activating the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens. The innate immune system of insects primarily comprises cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Toll, immune deficiency, and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription are the main signaling pathways regulating insect humoral immunity. Nevertheless, increasing research has revealed that immune signaling activated by microbes also performs non-immune roles while exerting immune roles, and insulin signaling performs a key role in mediating the connection between the immune system and non-immune physiological activities. Therefore, this paper first briefly reviews the main innate immune signaling and insulin signaling of insects, then summarizes the relationship between immune signaling activated by microbes and insect growth and development, reproduction, pesticide resistance, chemical communication, cell turnover, lifespan, sleep, energy generation pathways and their possible underlying mechanisms. Future research directions and methodologies are also proposed, aiming to provide insights into further study on the physiological mechanism linking microbes and insect hosts.
Design and Implementation of Elevator Push-Buttons with Integrated Ultraviolet-C Light-Emitting Diode Light Sources for Disinfection
Authors: Qiu Xing , Lo Jeffery C. C. , Cheng Yuanjie , Lee S. W. Ricky
Published: January 2025

Background: More effective and automated techniques for disinfecting elevator push-buttons currently need to be developed, especially given that they are frequently touched by hundreds of individuals. Methods: An automatic elevator push-button disinfection device equipped with four 265 nm ultraviolet-C (UVC) light-emitting diode (LED) packages has been developed for disinfection after each touch to reduce the risk of infection. In this paper, the UVC leakage test, UVC LED package reliability test, and bacteria disinfection efficiency test were performed. Results: The disinfection efficiency for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli can reach over 90% in 10 s, and end users can set multiple disinfection periods in light of their circumstances. The disinfection device is safe for the human body if the distance exceeds 120 mm. The accelerated aging test result demonstrates that the disinfection device is reliable under normal operation and end-users can increase the disinfection time by compensating for the irradiance drop. Conclusions: The automatic elevator push-button disinfection device provides a safe, highly efficient, and stable disinfection solution for elevator push-buttons.
Diagnostic Algorithm Using Multimodal Imaging for the Differential Diagnosis of Intra-Cardiac Masses
Authors: Sozzi Fabiola B. , Gnan Eleonora , Pandolfi Andrea , Iacuzio Laura , Kim Jin Kyung , Canetta Ciro , Rizzuto Alessandra S. , Ruscica Massimiliano , Carugo Stefano
Published: January 2025

Cardiac masses are complex clinical conditions that frequently pose diagnostic challenges in cardiology practice. These masses can form within heart chambers or near the pericardium and are generally categorized as either non-neoplastic or neoplastic. These latter are further classified into benign and malignant (primary and secondary or metastatic). Diagnosing these conditions often requires a multiparametric approach that includes both clinical features, such as the patient’s and associated clinical conditions, and multimodality imaging. However, histological examination of the resected specimen is often necessary to ascertain the nature of the mass. Given their heterogeneity and the rarity of many cardiac masses, there are no guidelines or consensus on the best diagnostic approach. Modern imaging protocols must be tailored to the specific clinical issues and patient characteristics, given the rapid advancements in technology. Thus, it is imperative to use a multimodality approach, combining different imaging techniques and multidisciplinary teamwork. Hereby, we propose a practical algorithm for evaluating cardiac lesions using a step-by-step implementation of multimodal imaging. Ultimately, the goal is to tailor the most suitable imaging technique to the patient’s needs.
Local Control of Advanced Breast Cancer—Debate in Multidisciplinary Tumor Board
Authors: Pantelimon Iuliana , Stancu Andra Maria , Coniac Simona , Ionescu Andreea-Iuliana , Atasiei Dimitrie-Ionuț , Georgescu Dragoș Eugen , Galeș Laurenția Nicoleta
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: In Romania, breast cancer is the second most common cancer, the third leading cause of cancer death, and the most prevalent cancer overall. De novo advanced-stage breast cancer often presents in clinical practice, and treatment decisions are best made in a multidisciplinary tumor board (MTD) involving surgeons, radiotherapists, and medical oncologists. Significant advances in systemic therapies, particularly in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), have surpassed traditional palliative mastectomy and radiotherapy for local control. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to emphasize the importance of the initial choice of treatment for patient prognosis. Methods: We expose two cases of patients with de novo severe, advanced-stage, hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer and their management and outcome using cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor and radiotherapy. An extensive review of the literature from the past five years was also conducted. Results: The role of palliative mastectomy is diminishing, as many patients are opting for novel therapies, including cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, which may improve quality of life. Conclusions: First-line therapy for locally advanced breast cancer has suffered changes due to the implementation of systemic targeted therapy. However, drug resistance—either de novo or acquired—remains a critical consideration. MTD discussions and informed patient decisions are essential to achieving a personalized, evidence-based treatment outcome.
Predicting Semen Analysis Parameters from Testicular Ultrasonography Images Using Deep Learning Algorithms: An Innovative Approach to Male Infertility Diagnosis
Authors: Sagir Lutfullah , Kaba Esat , Huner Yigit Merve , Tasci Filiz , Uzun Hakki
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Semen analysis is universally regarded as the gold standard for diagnosing male infertility, while ultrasonography plays a vital role as a complementary diagnostic tool. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven deep learning algorithms in predicting semen analysis parameters based on testicular ultrasonography images. Materials and Methods: This study included male patients aged 18–54 who sought evaluation for infertility at the Urology Outpatient Clinic of our hospital between February 2022 and April 2023. All patients underwent comprehensive assessments, including blood hormone profiling, semen analysis, and scrotal ultrasonography, with each procedure being performed by the same operator. Longitudinal-axis images of both testes were obtained and subsequently segmented. Based on the semen analysis results, the patients were categorized into groups according to sperm concentration, progressive motility, and morphology. Following the initial classification, each semen parameter was further subdivided into “low” and “normal” categories. The testicular images from both the right and left sides of all patients were organized into corresponding folders based on their associated laboratory parameters. Three distinct datasets were created from the segmented images, which were then augmented. The datasets were randomly partitioned into an 80% training set and a 20% test set. Finally, the images were classified using the VGG-16 deep learning architecture. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) values for the classification of sperm concentration (oligospermia versus normal), progressive motility (asthenozoospermia versus normal), and morphology (teratozoospermia versus normal) were 0.76, 0.89, and 0.86, respectively. Conclusions: In our study, we successfully predicted semen analysis parameters using data derived from testicular ultrasonography images through deep learning algorithms, representing an innovative application of artificial intelligence. Given the limited published research in this area, our study makes a significant contribution to the field and provides a foundation for future validation studies.
Safety of Cerebral Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Malignant Brain Tumours
Authors: Gahide Gérald , Vendrell Jean-François , Massicotte-Tisluck Karine , Caux Samuel , Deschamps Samuel , Noël-Lamy Maxime , Belzile François , Roy Laurent-Olivier , Fortin David
Published: January 2025

Background: Cerebral intra-arterial chemotherapy (CIAC) has been demonstrated to achieve tumoricidal concentrations in cerebral tumour cells that are otherwise unachievable due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier. In this study, we sought to analyze the safety of CIAC in a cohort of patients treated at the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l’Estrie—Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSS-CHUS). Methods: Treatments consisted of monthly CIAC. A neurological examination and neuroimaging study (MRI) were performed before every treatment. The files of patients enrolled in our CIAC programme were reviewed. Adverse events were analyzed and categorized. Results: Overall, 2991 CIAC procedures were performed in 642 patients. Pathologies were as follows: malignant gliomas (68.7%), cerebral metastasis (17.6%), and cerebral lymphomas (13.7%). Perfusion vessels were as follows: 80% internal carotid artery and 20% vertebral artery. The chemotherapeutic agents used were carboplatin (86.4%), methotrexate (28.5%), melphalan (28.6%), and liposomal doxorubicin (2.8%). Osmotic blood–brain barrier disruption (BBBD) was induced in 30.5% of treatments. Symptomatic vascular adverse events occurred during 27 procedures (0.9%) in 26 patients (4%). Namely, 23 strokes, one carotid artery occlusion (responsible for one of the strokes), and two intratumoral and one subdural hemorrhage. The absolute risk of stroke was 1.3% and 0.5% for CIAC with or without BBBD, respectively. The use of the vertebral artery significantly increased the risk of stroke. Drug infusion-related seizures occurred in 2.5% of patients; 83.8% were associated with methotrexate and 16.2% with carboplatin. Conclusions: CIAC is a safe procedure with a 0.9% overall rate of symptomatic complications (stroke, carotid occlusion, subdural hemorrhage or intratumoral bleeding—n = 27/2991) on a treatment basis, mainly consisting of strokes (85%, n = 23), with a modified NIH Stroke Scale score of 4.1 ± 3.3.
Supervised or Home-Based? Exploring the Best Exercise Approach for Knee Osteoarthritis Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mapinduzi Jean , Ndacayisaba Gérard , Mitchaϊ Penielle Mahutchegnon , Kossi Oyéné , Bonnechère Bruno
Published: January 2025

Background/Objective: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and debilitating condition affecting older adults, often progressing to advanced stages and requiring total joint replacement. Exercise therapy is widely recognized as the first-line approach for the prevention and initial management of OA. This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of home-based exercises (HBEs) compared to supervised exercises in alleviating pain and reducing disability among patients with knee OA. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2001 and October 2024. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the efficacy of these interventions. Results: Ten RCTs involving 917 patients were included, ranging in moderate to high methodological quality (PEDro score: 6.3 ± 1.2). Intervention durations ranged from 4 to 12 weeks. Both supervised and HBEs were found to be effective, but supervised exercises demonstrated statistically significant improvements in pain (SMD = −0.45 [95% CI −0.79; −0.11], p = 0.015) and disability (SMD = −0.28 [95% CI −0.42; −0.14], p < 0.001) compared to HBEs. Conclusions: Despite the superiority of supervised exercises over HBEs, considering the cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation of HBEs, we developed recommendations to create a hybrid rehabilitation program that combines both approaches to maximize clinical outcomes.