bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Right ventricular load and contractility in HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Rajaratnam Arun , Rehman Sofiya , Sharma Prerna , Singh Vikas K. , Saul Melissa , Vanderpool Rebecca R. , Gladwin Mark T. , Simon Marc A. , Morris Alison
Published: February 2021

Background

People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are at risk of developing pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, but understanding of the relationship of RV function to afterload (RV-PA coupling) is limited. We evaluated the clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated PH.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients with a diagnosis of HIV undergoing right heart catheterization (RHC) from 2000–2016 in a tertiary care center. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of HIV, age ≥ 18 years and availability of RHC data. PH was classified as either pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; mean pulmonary arterial pressure [mPAP] ≥ 25mmHg with pulmonary artery wedge pressure [PAWP] ≤ 15mmHg) or pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH; mPAP ≥ 25mmHg with PAWP > 15). We collected demographics, CD4 cell count, HIV viral load, RHC and echocardiographic data. The single beat method was used to calculate RV-PA coupling from RHC.

Results

Sixty-two PLWH with a clinical likelihood for PH underwent RHC. Thirty-two (52%) met PH criteria (15 with PAH, 17 with PVH). Average time from diagnosis of HIV to diagnosis of PH was 11 years. Eleven of 15 individuals with PAH were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) while all 17 patients with PVH were on ART. Compared to PLWH without PH, those with PH had an increased likelihood of having a detectable HIV viral load and lower CD4 cell counts. PLWH with PAH or PVH had increased RV afterload with normal RV contractility, and preserved RV-PA coupling.

Conclusion

PLWH with PH (PAH or PVH) were more likely to have a detectable HIV viral load and lower CD4 count at the time of RHC. PLWH with PAH or PVH had increased RV afterload, normal RV contractility, with preserved RV-PA coupling suggestive of an early onset, mild, and compensated form of PH. These results should be confirmed in larger studies.
The association between hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors among non-diabetic Saudis adults–A cross sectional study
Authors: Ajabnoor Ghada M. A. , Bahijri Suhad , Alamoudi Aliaa Amr , Al Raddadi Rajaa , Al-Ahmadi Jawaher , Jambi Hanan , Borai Anwar , Toumilehto Jaakko
Published: February 2021

Population specific associations between cardiovascular disease with various risk factors including pre-hypertension and hypertension were reported. We aimed to investigate the association of higher than optimal blood pressure with measures of dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and markers of inflammation in non-diabetic Saudi adults hoping to improve current Saudi guidelines to prevent cardiovascular disease. Volunteers were recruited randomly from public healthcare centers in Jeddah. Demographic information, blood pressure (BP), and anthropometric measurements were taken. Fasting blood samples were drawn, then again following 1-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, highly sensitive C- reactive protein, gamma glutamyl transferase, and 1-hour plasma glucose were measured. Complete data was found for 742 men and 592 women. Pre-hypertension was found in 47.2% of men, and 24.7% of women, while 15.1% of men, and 14.6% of women were hypertensive. Means of measured variables differed significantly between normotensive, pre-hypertensive, and hypertensive groups of men and women in gender specific manner. Association between measured variables and elevated BP, and hypertension were assessed using logistic regression models. After adjustment for age, body mass index and waist circumference, elevated blood pressure was associated with elevated triglycerides in men, while hypertension was significantly associated with elevated fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein- cholesterol, and low high density lipoprotein- cholesterol in men, and elevated triglycerides, and total cholesterol in women. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to measure lipid profile, specifically TG, for all diagnosed pre-hypertensive and hypertensive patients in addition to FPG for men.
Exploring the gender gap in the Spanish Wikipedia: Differences in engagement and editing practices
Authors: Minguillón Julià , Meneses Julio , Aibar Eduard , Ferran-Ferrer Núria , Fàbregues Sergi
Published: February 2021

Wikipedia’s significant gender bias is widely acknowledged. In this paper we analyze the Spanish Wikipedia with the aim of estimating the percentage of women editors and measuring their engagement and editing practices with respect to their men counterparts. To identify the gender of Wikipedia registered users, we analyzed both the information contained in their user profile and the information provided by users about themselves on their personal user pages. Using our own coding procedure, it is possible to identify a greater number of women than by relying only on the gender reported in their user profile. Combining both methods, our results show that the percentage of women is small, a meagre 11.6% of all analyzed editors, though there is still a significant percentage of users whose gender cannot be determined by either method. Men outnumber women in all Wikipedia namespaces in a ratio that is always equal to or greater than 3:1. This fact can be partially explained by the lesser persistence of women editors, who tend to leave Wikipedia much more quickly. There is, however, a small group of veteran women editors who, in some cases, surpass men editors in terms of their editing practices and participation in different Wikipedia namespaces.
“When the pain is so acute or if I think that I’m going to die”: Health care seeking behaviors and experiences of transgender and gender diverse people in an urban area
Authors: Pratt-Chapman Mandi L. , Murphy Jeanne , Hines Dana , Brazinskaite Ruta , Warren Allison R. , Radix Asa
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Approximately 1.4 million transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adults in the United States have unique health and health care needs, including anatomy-driven cancer screening. This study explored the general healthcare experiences of TGD people in the Washington, DC area, and cancer screening experiences in particular.

Methods

Twenty-one TGD people were recruited through word of mouth and Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer (LGBTQ)-specific community events. Participant interviews were conducted and recorded via WebEx (n = 20; one interview failed to record). Interviews were transcribed using Rev.com. Two coders conducted line-by-line coding for emergent themes in NVivo 12, developed a codebook by consensus, and refined the codebook throughout the coding process. Member checking was conducted to ensure credibility of findings.

Results

Three major themes served as parent nodes: health-care seeking behaviors, quality care, and TGD-specific health care experiences. Within these parent nodes there were 14 child nodes and 4 grand-child nodes. Subthemes for health care seeking behaviors included coverage and costs of care, convenience, trust/mistrust of provider, and provider recommendations for screening. Subthemes for quality of care included professionalism, clinical competence in transgender care, care coordination, provider communication, and patient self-advocacy. Overall, transgender men were less satisfied with care than transgender women.

Conclusions

Results suggest a need for improved provider communication skills, including clear explanations of procedures and recommendations for appropriate screenings to TGD patients. Results also suggest a need for improved clinical knowledge and cultural competency. Respondents also wanted better care coordination and insurance navigation. Overall, these findings can inform health care improvements for TGD people.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) productivity influenced by microbial inocula under nitrogen-limited conditions in aquaponics
Authors: Day Jessica A. , Diener Christian , Otwell Anne E. , Tams Kourtney E. , Bebout Brad , Detweiler Angela M. , Lee Michael D. , Scott Madeline T. , Ta Wilson , Ha Monica , Carreon Shienna A. , Tong Kenny , Ali Abdirizak A. , Gibbons Sean M. , Baliga Nitin S.
Published: February 2021

The demand for food will outpace productivity of conventional agriculture due to projected growth of the human population, concomitant with shrinkage of arable land, increasing scarcity of freshwater, and a rapidly changing climate. While aquaponics has potential to sustainably supplement food production with minimal environmental impact, there is a need to better characterize the complex interplay between the various components (fish, plant, microbiome) of these systems to optimize scale up and productivity. Here, we investigated how the commonly-implemented practice of continued microbial community transfer from pre-existing systems might promote or impede productivity of aquaponics. Specifically, we monitored plant growth phenotypes, water chemistry, and microbiome composition of rhizospheres, biofilters, and fish feces over 61-days of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var.crispa)growth in nitrogen-limited aquaponic systems inoculated with bacteria that were either commercially sourced or originating from a pre-existing aquaponic system. Lettuce above- and below-ground growth were significantly reduced across replicates treated with a pre-existing aquaponic system inoculum when compared to replicates treated with a commercial inoculum. Reduced productivity was associated with enrichment in specific bacterial genera in plant roots, includingPseudomonas, following inoculum transfer from pre-existing systems. Increased productivity was associated with enrichment of nitrogen-fixingRahnellain roots of plants treated with the commercial inoculum. Thus, we show that inoculation from a pre-existing system, rather than from a commercial inoculum, is associated with lower yields. Further work will be necessary to test the putative mechanisms involved.
Quantitative anatomy of the fused ossification center of the occipital squama in the human fetus
Authors: Grzonkowska Magdalena , Baumgart Mariusz , Badura Mateusz , Wiśniewski Marcin , Szpinda Michał
Published: February 2021

CT-based quantitative analysis of any ossification center in the cranium has not previously been carried out due to the limited availability of human fetal material. Detailed morphometric data on the development of ossification centers in the human fetus may be useful in the early detection of congenital defects. Ossification disorders in the cranium are associated with either a delayed development of ossification centers or their mineralization. These aberrations may result in the formation of accessory skull bones that differ in shape and size, and the incidence of which may be misdiagnosed as, e.g., skull fractures. The study material comprised 37 human fetuses of both sexes (16♂, 21♀) aged 18–30 weeks. Using CT, digital image analysis software, 3D reconstruction and statistical methods, the linear, planar and spatial dimensions of the occipital squama ossification center were measured. The morphometric characteristics of the fused ossification center of the occipital squama show no right—left differences. In relation to gestational age, the ossification center of the occipital squama grows linearly in its right and left vertical diameters, logarithmically in its transverse diameters of both the interparietal and supraoccipital parts and projection surface area, and according to a quadratic function in its volume. The obtained numerical findings of the occipital squama ossification center may be considered age-specific references of relevance in both the estimation of gestational age and the diagnostic process of congenital defects.
A novel micropropagation of Lycium ruthenicum and epigenetic fidelity assessment of three types of micropropagated plants in vitro and ex vitro
Authors: Gao Yue , Wang Qin-Mei , An Qinxia , Cui Jianguo , Zhou Yongbin , Qi Xinyu , Zhang Lijie , Li Lujia
Published: February 2021

Lycium ruthenicumis an excellent eco-economic shrub. Numerous researches have been conducted for the function of its fruits but scarcely focused on the somaclonal variation and DNA methylation. An efficient micropropagation protocol from leaves and stems ofL.ruthenicumwas developed in this study, in which not only the leaf explants but also the stem explants ofL.ruthenicumwere dedifferentiated and produced adventitious buds/multiple shoots on one type of medium. Notably, the efficient indirect organogenesis of stem explants was independent of exogenous auxin, which is contrary to the common conclusion that induction and proliferation of calli is dependent on exogenous auxin. We proposed that sucrose supply might be the crucial regulator of stem callus induction and proliferation ofL.ruthenicum. Furthermore, results of methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) showed that DNA methylation somaclonal variation (MSV) of CNG decreased but that of CG increased after acclimatization. Three types of micropropagated plants (from leaf calli, stem calli and axillary buds) were epigenetically diverged more from each other after acclimatization and theex vitromicropropagated plants should be selected to determine the fidelity. In summary, plants micropropagated from axillary buds and leaves ofL.ruthenicumwas more fidelity and might be suitable for preservation and propagation of elite germplasm. Also, leaf explants should be used in transformation. Meanwhile, plants from stem calli showed the highest MSV and might be used in somaclonal variation breeding. Moreover, one MSV hotspot was found based on biological replicates. The study not only provided foundations for molecular breeding, somaclonal variation breeding, preservation and propagation of elite germplasm, but also offered clues for further revealing novel mechanisms of both stem-explant dedifferentiation and MSV ofL.ruthenicum.
Activation of the orbitofrontal cortex by both meditation and exercise: A near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Miyashiro Shun , Yamada Yurika , Muta Toshizumi , Ishikawa Haruyuki , Abe Tetsuri , Hori Masashi , Oka Kotaro , Koshikawa Fusako , Ito Etsuro
Published: February 2021

In some types of meditation, such as mindfulness and Zen, breathing is the focus of attention, whereas during an excessive, short-period of anaerobic exercise, the muscles become the focus of attention. Thus, during both efforts, one’s attention is focused on a certain feature of the body. Both meditation and exercise generally provide mental refreshment to humans. We hypothesized that the same brain regions are activated by both efforts in humans. To examine this hypothesis, we engaged participants in 3 tasks: meditation, exercise, and a control task. After each task, the participants underwent a 2-back test to concentrate their thoughts, while changes in their blood hemoglobin levels were simultaneously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Seventeen participants (20–24 years of age; 11 men, 6 women) were enrolled. We applied a fast-Fourier transform (FFT) analysis to the NIRS wave data and calculated the correlation coefficients of the FFT data between (1) meditation and control, (2) exercise and control, and (3) meditation and exercise, at the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), brain areas that are generally involved in mental refreshment. A significant difference in the correlation coefficients between the OFC and DLPFC was detected in the meditation and exercise analysis, and signal source analysis confirmed that the NIRS waves spread from the right and left OFC edges (i.e., right and left temples) toward the center. Our results suggest that both meditation and exercise activate the OFC, which is involved in emotional reactions and motivation behavior, resulting in mental refreshment.
A social history of precarity in journalism: Penny-a-liners, Bohemians and larrikins
Authors: Örnebring Henrik
Published: February 2021

In the past decade, journalism scholars have started to pay more attention to what we could call the precarization of journalism: the large-scale job loss and downsizing in the news industry (at least in some countries) combined with a shift towards per-item payment and production rather than permanent, full-time contracts. In this essay, I sketch a history of precarious work in journalism and argue that unionization and other forms of collective action in journalism has been made difficult due to an occupational culture rooted in this history of journalism as precarious work. In the late nineteenth century, journalists in many countries opted to create a culture rather than to create unions, and this culture has both mythologized and naturalized precarity. In Australia, however, journalists unionized early. Besides the obvious structural factors behind this early unionization, the existence of the cultural figure of the larrikin and its role in journalistic culture likely also encouraged taking on a worker identity rather than seeking to emulate an upper-class writerly culture.
Guidelines for news media reporting on mental illness in the context of violence and crime: A Delphi consensus study
Authors: Ross Anna M. , Morgan Amy J. , Wake Alexandra , Jorm Anthony F. , Reavley Nicola J.
Published: February 2021

Despite its rare occurrence, severe mental illness is commonly linked to violence and crime in the news media. To reduce harmful effects of reporting, this study aimed to develop best practice guidelines for media reporting on mental illness in the context of violence and crime. Best practice was determined through the Delphi expert consensus method where experts rated statements according to importance for inclusion in the guidelines. In this study, the experts represented three groups: people with lived experience of severe mental illness, media professionals and mental health professionals. The 77 statements that were endorsed as ‘important’ or ‘essential’ by 80 per cent or more of experts were included in the guidelines, while 36 items were rejected from inclusion. There was a high degree of consensus among stakeholder groups. These guidelines expand on existing media guidelines, elaborating on accurate portrayals and appropriate language and extending coverage to areas of mental health literacy, considering impact, reporting relevant risk factors, using social media and implementation in news organizations.
Effect of peppermint oil and its microemulsion on necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens
Authors: Sorour Hend K. , Hosny Reham A. , Elmasry Dalia M. A.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: Clostridium perfringens is one of the multiple drug-resistant intestinal pathogens causing necrotic enteritis disease, leading to great economic losses in poultry farms. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of peppermint oil and its microemulsion (ME) as an alternative to antibiotics to control necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.

Materials and Methods: Peppermint oil ME formulation (15% oil/water) was prepared and characterized by zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the peppermint oil and its ME were investigated. A total of 80 commercial one day old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four groups of 20 birds each. The four groups were the negative control, positive control, peppermint oil (0.5 mL/mL water/10 days old), and its ME (0.25 mL/mL water/10 days old) groups. C. perfringens was orally provided at concentration of 1×108 CFU/mL on days 14, 15, and 16. Clinical signs and mortality were observed daily. Growth performance, gross lesions and cecal samples were investigated and examined on days 21, 28, and 35.

Results: Peppermint oil ME formulation has a polydispersity index, zeta potential and droplet size of 0.234, –24 mV±4.19, and 29.96±1.56 nm, respectively. LC–MS/MS analysis of oil and ME revealed common presence of phenolic compounds such as rosmorinic (360.31 g/mol), chlorogenic acid (354.31 g/mol), hesperidin (610.56 g/mol), and luteolin 7-O-β- glucuronide (462.1 g/mol). The treated groups with peppermint oil and ME showed lower lesions, mortality and colony-forming units in addition to higher growth performance (p<0.05) compared to the positive control group.

Conclusion: Our study suggests the potential efficacy of peppermint oil and ME in the reduction of necrotic enteritis lesions and C. perfringens count.
A környezeti igazságosság térbeli vizsgálatának lehetőségei Magyarországon
Authors: Nagy Gyula
Published: February 2021

Az elmúlt évtizedekben a fenntarthatóság, a globális klímaváltozás hatásai számos tudományterület kutatási fókuszába került. Ezek a vizsgálatok gyakran olyan kutatási kérdéseket fogalmaznak meg, melyek földrajzi aspektusokkal rendelkeznek, mint például, hogy hogyan befolyásolja a különböző társadalmi csoportok, emberek életét az őket körülvevő környezet, vagy éppen, hogy: van-e különbség az egyes csoportok sérülékenysége vagy érzékelése között a környezeti hatások tekintetében. A disszertáció a környezeti igazságosság elméleti keretében értelmezi a hazai árvizek, belvizek és a vörösiszap katasztrófa rövid-, közép- és hosszútávú következményeit Magyarországon. A disszertáció kérdőíves és interjús felmérés segítségével, valamint terepbejárással és sajtóelemzés módszereit felhasználva statisztikai elemzésen alapul. A kutatás két fő kérdést fogalmaz meg, az egyik elméleti jellegű, arra vonatkozik, hogy a környezeti igazságosság hogyan illeszthető be a földrajzi kutatásokba, milyen definíciói, elemei vannak, mindezek hogyan kapcsolódnak a hazai kontextushoz. A másik kérdés arra vonatkozik, hogy hogyan nyilvánulnak meg hazánkban különböző természeti és civilizációs katasztrófák esetében a környezeti igazságosság elvei. A dolgozat rávilágít, hogy az említett katasztrófák a települések nem csak épített környezetét, de gazdasági, társadalmi viszonyait, illetve imázsát is megváltoztatják. Mindebben nagy szerepe van a helyi hatalmi viszonyoknak és az állami beavatkozások rendszerének.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL KONSEPTUAL MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOK HALAL STUDI KASUS INDONESIA
Authors: Rohaeni Yeni , Sutawijaya Ahmad Hidayat
Published: February 2021

Indonesia dengan mayoritas penduduk muslim terbesar memiliki potensi dalam pengembangan industri halal. Perkembangan industri halal harus ditunjang dengan pengembangan rantai pasok yang tepat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian konseptual yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model rantai pasok halal di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah telaah pustaka dan wawancara narasumber ahli. Model konseptual yang dikembangkan dalam artikel ini berfokus pada aspek peran pemangku kepentingan dalam implentasi rantai pasok halal. Pemangku kepentiangan yang sangat berperan adalah: (1) pelaku usaha/ industri halal, (2) pemerintah, (3) Perguruan Tinggi/ Lembaga Riset, (4) pelaku usaha infrastruktur penunjang rantai pasok halal, dan (5) masyarakat. Abstract[Development of Conceptual Model Halal Supply Chain Management Case Study Indonesia] Indonesia with the majority muslim population has the potential to develop the halal industry. The development of halal industry mus be supported by development of the right supply chain. This research is a conceptual research that aims to develop the concept of halal supply chain model that is adapted to conditions Indonesia. The research method is literatur review and expert interview. The conceptual model developed in this article focuses on aspects of the role of stakeholders in the implementation of halal supply chains. Stakeholders who play a very important role are: (1) halal business/ industry, (2) government, (3) Higher Educatio/ Research Institutions, (4) business actors supporting halal supply chain infrastructure, and (5) community.Keywords: supply chain management; halal; model halal supply chain management; halal supply chain management
Analisis Spasio-Temporal Perubahan Luas Lahan Garam di Pesisir Kabupaten Rembang
Authors: Maulana Edwin , Saputro Guridno Bintar , Suprajaka Suprajaka , Sari Cahyawati Mandala
Published: February 2021

The increase in salt consumption is not proportional to the growth of salt production land. So far, the mapping of salt ponds has been carried out on a small to medium scale, so the accuracy is not too good. This study aimed to analyze changes in large-scale salt ponds in Rembang Regency during the period of 2005-2015. The data source used is a Very High-Resolution Satellite Image (CSRST) which has been corrected and other secondary data. Salt area was calculated through visual interpretation and manual detection. CSRST data usage by visual interpretation methods and manual detection had advantages in terms of geometric accuracy compared with the use of medium-sized image of automation methods. The analysis showed that the area of salt land in Rembang Regency increased during 2005-2015. The biggest increase occurred in 2005-2011, which increased by 546,255 ha or by 32%. The increase in area during 2011-2015 was not significant by 198.45 ha (11.46%). Area expansion was expected to occur in the next few years, but it was not expected to be significant because of the optimal land use in the most of Rembang already. Expansion of salt ponds remained possible by converting the existing rice fields on the coast of Rembang Regency. However, a comparative study of the economic value of rice fields and salt ponds must be carried out before converting the paddy fields to salt ponds.
Ewolucja kontroli nad mediami masowymi w kontekście tworzenia przekazu medialnego podczas wybranych konfliktów zbrojnych przed II wojną w Zatoce Perskiej
Authors: Grządzielski Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

Konflikty zbrojne XX wieku stały się wydarzeniami medialnymi, a sposób w jaki dziennikarze je relacjonowali kreował w dużej mierze ich obraz w oczach społeczności międzynarodowej. Przekazy medialne stały się instrumentem oddziaływania na przebieg konfliktów oraz na decyzje wojskowych i polityków co do sposobu zarządzania mediami i informacją w czasie ich trwania. W tym kontekście, celem artykułu jest analiza ewolucji form kontroli nad mediami, ich determinantów i konsekwencji. Ukazany zostanie także wpływ tworzonych przez dziennikarzy przekazów medialnych na wybrane konflikty zbrojne. Ponadto, uwzględnione zostaną zmiany w relacjach polityków i wojskowych z przedstawicielami mediów masowych. Zakres czasowy rozważań obejmuje przykłady konfliktów, w których nastąpiły kluczowe zmiany w kontekście omawianej problematyki, począwszy od wojny w Wietnamie aż do I wojny w Zatoce Perskiej.
Realizacja obowiązku udzielania informacji publicznej przez wybrane grupy jednostek publicznych w Polsce
Authors: Antuchowski Paweł
Published: February 2021

Obowiązek udzielenia informacji publicznej jest różnie realizowany przez podmioty korzystające ze środków publicznych. Przeprowadzone badania na próbie wybranej z kilku grup podmiotów publicznych, między innymi uczelnie wyższe, ogrody zoologiczne oraz szpitale wykazały, że jest jeszcze wiele do poprawienia zarówno w kwestii przestrzegania przepisów, gdyż 40% zapytań nie doczekało się odpowiedzi, znajomości procedur przewidzianych w przepisach ustawy o dostępie do informacji publicznej i możliwych do użycia procedur oraz mało precyzyjnych przepisach, co jest wykorzystywane do uchylania się od odpowiedzi przez niektóre podmioty publiczne.
To the North and the South, through the Great Caucasus Mountains
Authors: Wordsworth Paul D.
Published: February 2021

The publication of the British-Georgian exploration of Dariali Gorge (2013–2016) represents a substantial benchmark for the archaeology of the Caucasus, above all else for its multi-faceted approach. While numerous international and local projects continue a well-established tradition of archaeological research in the region, few have attempted the breadth of interdisciplinary work presented in this book. The result is a remarkably rich resource, illustrating to Anglophone academia in particular the archaeology of a region often portrayed as marginal. At the same time, the inclusion of a full synopsis in Georgian at the end of the volume (Naskidashvili) underscores the continued importance of collaboration across linguistic barriers.
Chronic Stress Prevents Cortico-Accumbens Cue Encoding and Alters Conditioned Approach
Authors: Spring Mitchell G. , Caccamise Aaron , Panther Elizabeth A. , Windsor Bethany M. , Soni Karan R. , McReynolds Jayme R. , Wheeler Daniel S. , Mantsch John R. , Wheeler Robert A.
Published: February 2021

Chronic stress impairs the function of multiple brain regions and causes severe hedonic and motivational deficits. One brain region known to be susceptible to these effects is the PFC. Neurons in this region, specifically neuronal projections from the prelimbic region (PL) to the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC), have a significant role in promoting motivated approach. However, little is known about how activity in this pathway changes during associative learning to encode cues that promote approach. Less is known about how activity in this pathway may be altered by stress. In this study, an intersectional fiber photometry approach was used in male Sprague Dawley rats engaged in a Pavlovian autoshaping design to characterize the involvement of the PL-NAcC pathway in the typical acquisition of learned approach (directed at both the predictive cue and the goal), and its potential alteration by stress. Specifically, the hypothesis that neural activity in PL-NAcC would encode a Pavlovian approach cue and that prior exposure to chronic stress would disrupt both the nature of conditioned approach and the encoding of a cue that promotes approach was tested. Results of the study demonstrated that the rapid acquisition of conditioned approach was associated with cue-induced PL-NAcC activity. Prior stress both reduced cue-directed behavior and impaired the associated cortical activity. These findings demonstrate that prior stress diminishes the task-related activity of a brain pathway that regulates approach behavior. In addition, the results support the interpretation that stress disrupts reward processing by altering the incentive value of associated cues.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic stress causes hedonic and motivational deficits and disrupts the function of the PFC. A specific projection from the prelimbic region of the PFC to the nucleus accumbens core (PL-NAcC) promotes approach behavior and is a strong candidate for contributing to stress-induced disruptions in motivation. However, it is not known how activity in this pathway encodes cues that promote approach, and how this encoding may be altered by stress. Here we show that the rapid acquisition of conditioned approach is associated with cue-induced activity in the PL-NAcC pathway. Prior stress both reduces cue-directed behavior and impairs the associated cortical activity. These findings demonstrate that stress diminishes task-related activity in a brain pathway that regulates approach behavior.
Impact on pregnant/parturient women's health resulting from displacement between residence and health service
Authors: Rodrigues Ivana Rios , Sales Luiz Belino Ferreira , Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista , Gomes Maria Luziene de Sousa , Moura Nádya dos Santos
Published: February 2021

Objective: to analyze the impact on pregnant/parturient women's obstetric and neonatal outcomes resulting from displacement between homes and health services. Methods: an integrative review was carried out in August 2020 on the following databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/PubMed, Science Direct and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature/Virtual Health Library, using controlled descriptors and keywords. Besides, a quantitative descriptive analysis of the main results was performed using the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires software. Results: the sample resulted in 20 articles. It was evidenced that the mobility of women is hampered by distance between home and health services, precarious transport, and living in socioeconomically disadvantaged places. Conclusion: difficulty in mobility is a crucial factor that explains the adverse maternal and neonatal impact.
Anxiety, depression and cardiac anxiety in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator according to gender and age
Authors: Ignácio Isabelle Brigliadori , Fernandes Paolla Algarte , Maier Suellen Rodrigues de  Oliveira , Dessotte Carina Aparecida Marost
Published: February 2021

Objective: to investigate the relationship between gender and age with symptoms of anxiety, depression and cardiac anxiety in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Methods: cross-sectional study, with 76 patients with device attended in a university hospital. For data collection, a sociodemographic/clinical form and two validated scales were used in Brazil. In the analysis, the chi-square tests, exact Fischer and Mann-Whitney, with a significance level of 5% were adopted. Results: it was observed that the groups were homogeneous in terms of gender and age. Women presented higher medians in both anxiety and depression symptoms, with statistical significance. They also presented higher medians in symptoms of cardiac anxiety, but without statistical significance. Regarding age, no significant differences were found for the symptoms investigated. Conclusion: women presented more symptoms of anxiety and depression; however there was no relationship between the age of the patients and their symptoms.
Students' perceptions of the nurse's work in the family health strategy
Authors: Carloni Pablo Ramon , Borges Flávio Adriano , Stofel Natália Sevilha , Ogata Márcia Niituma , Rézio Larissa de Almeida , Paiva Ariane Tufaile de
Published: February 2021

Objective: to understand the perceptions of nursing students about the work of nurses in the Family Health Strategy. Methods: qualitative research developed with 19 students from different periods of the undergraduate nursing course. Semi-structured interviews were carried out, proceeding, after being organized, to thematic analysis and confrontation with some concepts of Institutional Analysis. Results: the data analysis gave rise to three themes: 1) Students’ perceptions of the nurse’s work process, 2) The bond in the nurse’s work and 3) Structural and relational limits of the nurse’s work. Conclusion: the nurse’s work in the Family Health Strategy is something in constant institutionalization process, requiring a range of theoretical and scientific knowledge and skills that are expressed through autonomy and bond with users. However, it faces some crossings such as the scarcity of infrastructure, human and material resources and the difficulty in teamwork.
PETER THE GREAT IN THE FOLKLORE LEGENDS OF THE 19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURIES: PLOTS, MOTIFS, GENRE PROBLEM
Authors: Zakharova Olga
Published: February 2021

Peter the Great is one of the most popular characters in the folk prose of the Russian North. His sojourns in thinly populated and inaccessible places had left a noticeable mark in the people's memory. The first tales about him were written in the mid-18th century. Researchers define the genre of these works in different ways. They are classified as folklore, legends, fairy tales, anecdotes, stories about royal favors. The main motifs they contain are release from work, communication with ordinary people, treats, presenting with a caftan, coat, cloth, money, infliction and compensation for losses. They often contain the motif of Peter the Great's recognition of the enemy's superiority over himself in strength, ingenuity, resourcefulness, navigation, carpentry, making bast shoes, etc. As a rule, the plots of folklore stories are a convoluted mix of motifs from works of different genres. Some of them have magical significance: a miraculous dream, signs, the fulfillment of a prediction, the uncovering of relics, magical punishment, the petrification of Peter the Great in the monument (The Bronze Horseman), etc. A feature characteristic of folklore history is the multiplicity and ambiguity of their genre manifestations. Oral stories about Peter the Great are historically unreliable: the narrator knows a fact in the most general sense, and it is subsequently comprehended in accordance with popular ideas about power. The Tsar is recognizable as a historical person, but he acts in the genre paradigm of a cultural hero. Historical legends about Peter the Great characterize the formation and development of the folk poetic myth of a just tsar who values the common people, lives in the interests of the state, and is concerned about the future of Russia.
Exclusive Breastfeeding, Child Mortality, and Economic Cost in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Pretorius Cianté E. , Asare Hannah , Kruger Herculina S. , Genuneit Jon , Siziba Linda P. , Ricci Cristian
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest under-5 mortality (U5M) rates globally. Emerging evidence revealed that exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates are significantly associated with a decreased risk for child mortality. Our aim with this study is to fill the gap of knowledge regarding the economic impact of EBF practices in relation to U5M in sub-Saharan African countries.

METHODS:

Data were gathered from the World Bank’s database during the period 2000–2018. A meta-analytical approach was used to evaluate heterogeneity of country estimates and to perform an estimate of the prevalence of EBF and economic cost by country. The association between estimates of U5M and EBF prevalence was estimated and used to perform the total cumulative nonhealth gross domestic product loss (TCNHGDPL) attributable to U5M in 2018 and 2030.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of EBF increased by 1%, and U5M reduced significantly by 3.4 per 1000 children each year during 2000–2018. A U5M reduction of 5.6 per 1000 children could be expected if EBF prevalence improved by 10%. The TCNHGDPL in sub-Saharan Africa had a total value higher than $29 billion in 2018. The cost of U5M is estimated to increase to ∼$42 billion in 2030.

CONCLUSIONS:

If EBF prevalence improve by 10%, the related TCNHGDPL was estimated to be $27 billion in 2018 and $41 billion in 2030, therefore saving ∼$1 billion. Sub-Saharan Africa should imperatively prioritize and invest in essential approaches toward EBF implementation.
Enrolling Minors in COVID-19 Vaccine Trials
Authors: Mintz Kevin , Jardas E , Shah Seema , Grady Christine , Danis Marion , Wendler David
Published: February 2021

It is widely agreed that an effective response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic needs to include a vaccine that is safe and effective for minors. However, many current vaccine trials have no plans for when to enroll minors. Others have recently proposed enrolling minors as young as 12 years old. This lack of a systematic approach raises 2 concerns. Waiting too long to enroll minors could unjustly deny minors and their families the benefits of a vaccine and has the potential to delay an effective response to the pandemic by a year or longer. At the same time, enrolling minors too soon runs the risk of exposing them to excessive risks. With these concerns in mind, in the present article, we propose recommendations for when and how to enroll minors in vaccine trials for the coronavirus disease 2019.
Tres canciones para voz y piano de Carlos Enrique Vargas Méndez. Edición, análisis musical y literario de las obras
Authors: Rodríguez Montero Ernesto
Published: February 2021

Este documento presenta la edición musical de las tres obras para voz y piano del compositor costarricense Carlos Enrique Vargas Méndez (C. E. Vargas). Junto a las partituras, se aporta un cuerpo teórico donde se consignan componentes historiográficos de las obras y la biografía resumida del compositor. Este cuerpo teórico del documento contempla un análisis musical y literario de las tres canciones artísticas2 presentadas, ambos componentes indivisibles de este género musical.
Thermally activated dislocation mechanism in Mo studied by indentation, compression and impact testing
Authors: Minnert Christian , ur Rehman Hamad , Durst Karsten
Published: February 2021

Body-centered cubic metals like molybdenum and tungsten are interesting structural materials for high-temperature applications. These metals, are however, brittle at low homologous temperature, caused by the limited mobility of screw dislocations. In this study, the thermally activated deformation mechanisms in bcc Mo have been investigated using strain rate jump nanoindentation and compression tests as well as Charpy V-notch impact testing. The material shows a significant softening with increasing temperature and a maximum in strain rate sensitivity is found at the critical temperature, before decreasing again in the ductile regime. The activation volume, however, showed a distinct increase from about 5 b3 at the onset of the brittle to ductile transition temperature. Here we propose to use temperature-dependent nanoindentation strain rate jump testing and the activation volume as a complementary approach to provide some indication of the brittle to ductile transition temperature of bcc metals.

Graphic Abstract
Pengaruh Influencer Marketing Sebagai Strategi Pemasaran Digital Era Moderen
Authors: Zaki M.
Published: February 2021

Salah satu faktor yang menjadi keberhasilan pemasaran melalui media sosial adalah dengan menggunakan influencer marketing Metodologi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan melalui studi literatur. penulis menggunakan sumber penelitian empiris dengan mengumpulkan data dan informasi yang berkaitan dengan pemasaran lewat media sosial dan pengaruh dari seorang influencerdalam memberikan informasi terhadap sebuah produk agar mencapai tujuan akhir yang ingin dicapai adalah dapat dengan signifikan meningkatkan penjualan dan menampilkan brand image perusahaan yang baik kepada konsumen.
Pengaruh Strategi Penetapan Harga Dan Iklan Terhadap Minat Pembelian Produk Emina
Authors: Aristawidia Ifah Bunga
Published: February 2021

Penetapan harga merupakan keputusan yang sangat penting dalam pemasaran. Strategi penetapan harga yang baik dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi konsumen untuk membeli suatu produk. Produk perusahaan dapat dikenal oleh masyarakat melalui tayangan iklan. Iklan yang menarik diharapkan dapat menumbuhkan minat pembelian.Minat pembelian merupakan keinginan konsumen untuk membeli sebuah produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi penetapan harga dan iklan terhadap minat pembelian produk Emina baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Sampel di dalam penelitian adalah mahasiswi Febi Uinsa sebanyak 124 orang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan asosiatif klasual. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi penetapan harga tidak berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap minat pembelian produk Emina. Iklan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat pembelian produk Emina. Secara simultan, strategi penetapan harga dan iklan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat pembelian produk Emina.
Implementasi Strategi Promosi Produk Dalam Proses Keputusan Pembelian Melalui Digital Marketing Saat Pandemi Covid'19
Authors: Lestari Putri , Saifuddin Muchammad
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang berjudul Implementasi Strategi Promosi Dalam Proses Keputusan Pembelian Melalui Digital Marketing Saat Pandemi Covid'19. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya pandemi covid'19 yang merupakan hambatan bagi perusahaan dalam memasarkan produk yang diproduksi oleh perusahaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan gambaran mengenai bentuk promosi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan disaat pandemi covid'19 yang tidak bisa diprediksi berakhirnya pandemi covid'19 tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yaitu dengan menggunakan literatur atau studi pustaka yang terfokus untuk menjelaskan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh oleh peneliti. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan gambaran mengenai hubungan promosi melalui digital marketing dengan keputusan pembelian pada saat pandemi covid'19.
Membangun Sistem Informasi Manajemen pada PT. Bunga Mekar Industri
Authors: Farhan Ali
Published: February 2021

This study based on action research aims to formulate an effective work policy for PT Bunga Mekar Industri. Action research is an attempt to determine the performance of a process to be more effective (Farhan, 2017). PT Bunga Mekar Industri as a national pellet company in Jember found that the company did not have sufficient information for analysis, the results of this study were; 1) Making document of goods receipt, cash in, goods out, cash out; 2) make procedures for all Company activities, including finance, inventory, procurement, and production; 3) making production policies and calculating production costs to be able to present productivity reports to management.
Purchase Intention Produk Frozen Food Berdasarkan Perceived Quality Dan Price Fairness
Authors: Wicaksana Wildan Radista , Paramastri Bella , Ardyanfitri Helmina
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh persepsi kualitas (Perceived Quality) dan kewajaran harga (Price Fairness) terhadap minat beli (Purchase Intention) pada produk frozen food. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah konsumen yang berada di Surabaya. Sampel dari penelitian adalah 60 orang konsumen yang pernah melakukan pembelian frozen food. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan teknik Analisa statistika yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan/pengaruh positif antara perceived quality dengan price fairness dan perceived quality dengan purchase intention, sedangkan tidak ada hubungan/pengaruh antara price fairness dan purchase intention. Pengaruh yang paling kuat adalah perceived quality terhadap price fairness. Sehingga konsumen menilai perceived quality merupakan hal yang penting bagi produk frozen food dan minat beli konsumen terhadap produk frozen food tidak ditentukan oleh price fairness.
Keywords: Covid 19; Frozen Food; Perceived Quality; Price Fairness; Purchase Intention
Strategi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Karyawan Commanditaire Vennootschap Dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Kinerjanya
Authors: Umam Khoirul , Atho'illah Yunan
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini berjudul Strategi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Karyawan Comanditaire Vennootschap (CV) Dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Kinerjanya, pada kasus CV. Barokah Jaya Hikmah, Tambakrejo, Waru, Sidoarjo dan merupakan hasil penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis strategi pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam meningkatkan efektivitas kinerja yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan serta peran strategi dalam meningkatkan efektivitas kinerja karyawan di CV. Barokah Jaya Hikmah Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif kualitatif sehingga data yang didapatkan peneliti dari CV. Barokah Jaya Hikmah Sidoarjo. Observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan pihak perusahaan CV Barokah Jaya Hikmah. Serta literatur pendukung yang dianggap relevan terhadap penelitian yang diangkat. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam meningkatkan efektivitas kinerja karyawan di CV. Barokah Jaya Hikmah Sidoarjo, dengan strategi pendampingan dikatakan efektif dan berjalan sesuai dengan yang di harapkan oleh perusahaan. Dalam hal ini perusahaan mengukur efektifitas dari peran strategi pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam meningkatkan efektivitas kinerja karyawan dari pendapatan yang mengalami peningkatan. Saran untuk CV. Barokah Jaya Hikmah Sidoarjo, melakukan peninjauan ulang terhadap strategi pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang diterapkan serta melakukan penilaian terhadap karyawan agar efektivitas kinerja sesuai dengan target perusahaan serta melakukan evaluasi kerja.