bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANN-based ground motion model for Turkey using stochastic simulation of earthquakes
Authors: Karimzadeh Shaghayegh , Mohammadi Amirhossein , Hussaini Sayed Mohammad Sajad , Caicedo Daniel , Askan Aysegul , Lourenço Paulo B
Published: November 2023

Turkey is characterized by a high level of seismic activity attributed to its complex tectonic structure. The country has a dense network to record earthquake ground motions; however, to study previous earthquakes and to account for potential future ones, ground motion simulations are required. Ground motion simulation techniques offer an alternative means of generating region-specific time-series data for locations with limited seismic networks or regions with seismic data gaps, facilitating the study of potential catastrophic earthquakes. In this research, a local ground motion model (GMM) for Turkey is developed using region-specific simulated records, thus constructing a homogeneous data set. The simulations employ the stochastic finite-fault approach and utilize validated input-model parameters in distinct regions, namely Afyon, Erzincan, Duzce, Istanbul and Van. To overcome the limitations of linear regression-based models, artificial neural network is used to establish the form of equations and coefficients. The predictive input parameters encompass fault mechanism (FM), focal depth (FD), moment magnitude (Mw), Joyner and Boore distance (RJB) and average shear wave velocity in the top 30 m (Vs30). The data set comprises 7359 records with Mw ranging between 5.0 and 7.5 and RJB ranging from 0 to 272 km. The results are presented in terms of spectral ordinates within the period range of 0.03–2.0 s, as well as peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity. The quantification of the GMM uncertainty is achieved through the analysis of residuals, enabling insights into inter- and intra-event uncertainties. The simulation results and the effectiveness of the model are verified by comparing the predicted values of ground motion parameters with the observed values recorded during previous events in the region. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model in simulating physical phenomena.
Effectiveness of Vaccines and Monoclonal Antibodies Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Generic Protocol for Register-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Poukka Eero , van Roekel Caren , Turunen Topi , Baum Ulrike , Kramer Rolf , Begier Elizabeth , Presser Lance , Teirlinck Anne , Heikkinen Terho , Knol Mirjam , Nohynek Hanna ,   PROMISE Investigators, Nair Harish , Campbell Harry , Bont Louis , van Roekel Caren , Meijer Adam , Teirlinck Anne C , Knol Mirjam , Gideonse David , Backx Anoek , de Melker Hester , Presser Lance , Turunen Topi , Nohynek Hanna , Poukka Eero , Saukkoriipi Annika , Paget John , van Summeren Jojanneke , Dückers Michel , Heikkinen Terho , Audenis Berta Gumí , Llavero Maica , Kragten Leyla , Kriek Lies , Faksová Kristýna , Giardini Michele , Emborg Hanne-Dorthe , Rocchi Francesca , Quiles Cintia Muñoz , Diez-Domingo Javier , Vernhes Charlotte , Demont Clarisse , Robin Aurelie , Neveu David , Marcelon Lydie , Bangert Mathieu , Kramer Rolf , Martyn Oliver , Bardone Corinne , Remy Vanessa , Chaves Sandra , Molnar Daniel , Dos Santos Gael , Pirçon Jean-Yves , Rizkalla Bishoy , Turriani Elisa , Li Se , Melegh Noemie Napsugar , Joosten Philip , Moreno Victor Preckler , Shambulova Aigul , Cheret Arnaud , Quelard Delphine , Aerssens Jeroen , Weber Karin , Willame Corinne , Puggina Anna , Theis-Nyland Katherine , Nikolayeva Natalia , Kumar Veena , Beyhaghi Hadi , Shinde Vivek , Schmoele-Thoma Beate , Begier Elizabeth , Swanson Kena , Htar Tin Tin , Atwell Jessica , Lino Maria Maddalena , Turiga Monica-Flavia , Ahani Bahar
Published: November 2023

Several immunization products are currently being developed against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) for children, pregnant females, and older adults, and some products have already received authorization. Therefore, studies to monitor the effectiveness of these products are needed in the following years. To assist researchers to conduct postmarketing studies, we developed a generic protocol for register-based cohort studies to evaluate immunization product effectiveness against RSV-specific and nonspecific outcomes. To conduct a study on the basis of this generic protocol, the researchers can use any relevant databases or healthcare registers that are available at the study site.
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BL21 ameliorates alcoholic liver disease in mice through enhancement of the hepatic antioxidant capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota
Authors: Dong Yao , Wu Zhiyi , Gai Zhonghui , Han Mei
Published: November 2023

Background

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a chronic liver injury caused by excessive alcohol consumption, could be impacted by gut–liver axis dysfunction. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and progression of ALD. Given the role of gut–liver axis dysfunction in ALD, strategies targeting gut microbiota modulation have gained interest for therapeutic interventions. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BL21 has shown promise in alleviating gut microbiota disturbances and metabolic regulation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus models. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of BL21 on ALD mice and explore the potential mechanism by which the gut microbiota mediates the amelioration of ALD by BL21.

Methods

A total of 30 mice were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10 mice/group): a healthy control (CTL) group, an ALD group, and a BL21 group. Each group was fed a Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet with (ALD and BL21) or without alcohol (CTL). The intervention period lasted 6 weeks, after which the effects of BL21 intervention (intragastric administration of 1 billion CFU of BL21 daily) on serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, hepatic oxidative stress, serum inflammatory cytokine levels, and gut microbiota composition in ALD mice were investigated.

Results

Dietary BL21 reduced the ethanol-induced abnormal elevation of serum AST and ALT levels in ALD mice (P < 0.001 for both). BL21 treatment significantly attenuated alcohol-induced hepatic oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde concentration and increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione concentrations in the livers of ALD mice. In addition, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 were significantly lower (P < 0.001 for both), while that of IL-10 was significantly higher (P < 0.05), in the BL21 group than in the ALD group. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed an increased relative abundance of Escherichia/Shigella, Enterococcus, and Alistipes in the ALD group compared with the CTL group. BL21 intervention increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia compared with the ALD group.

Conclusion

Dietary BL21 ameliorates ALD via enhancement of the hepatic antioxidant capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota and may therefore be a promising strategy to prevent or treat ALD.
Assessment of soil yeasts Papiliotrema laurentii S-08 and Saitozyma podzolica S-77 for plant growth promotion and biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of brinjal
Authors: Das Sukanya , Rabha Jintu , Narzary Diganta
Published: November 2023

Aim

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the soil yeasts Papiliotrema laurentii S-08 and Saitozyma podzolica S-77 for plant growth promotion (PGP) and biocontrol of wilt disease in brinjal plants while applying yeasts individually or as a consortium in pot experiments.

Methods and results

The yeasts were tested for various PGP characteristics and antagonistic activity against the phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. Both the yeast isolates demonstrated some PGP attributes as well as inhibited the growth of the phytopathogen. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the yeast metabolites revealed the presence of several antifungal compounds. The pot experiment performed under nursery conditions showed that applying these yeasts, individually or in consortium, decreased the percent disease incidence in brinjal seedlings while significantly enhancing their growth parameters.

Conclusion

Papiliotrema laurentii S-08 and S. podzolica S-77 can be used in brinjal plants as plant growth promoters and also as biocontrol agents against the brinjal wilt disease.
Disparities in electronic health record portal access and use among patients with cancer
Authors: Griffin Joan M , Kroner Barbara L , Wong Sandra L , Preiss Liliana , Wilder Smith Ashley , Cheville Andrea L , Mitchell Sandra A , Lancki Nicola , Hassett Michael J , Schrag Deborah , Osarogiagbon Raymond U , Ridgeway Jennifer L , Cella David , Jensen Roxanne E , Flores Ann Marie , Austin Jessica D , Yanez Betina
Published: November 2023

Background

Electronic health record–linked portals may improve health-care quality for patients with cancer. Barriers to portal access and use undermine interventions that rely on portals to reduce cancer care disparities. This study examined portal access and persistence of portal use and associations with patient and structural factors before the implementation of 3 portal-based interventions within the Improving the Management of symPtoms during And following Cancer Treatment (IMPACT) Consortium.

Methods

Portal use data were extracted from electronic health records for the 12 months preceding intervention implementation. Sociodemographic factors, mode of accessing portals (web vs mobile), and number of clinical encounters before intervention implementation were also extracted. Rurality was derived using rural-urban commuting area codes. Broadband access was estimated using the 2015-2019 American Community Survey. Multiple logistic regression models tested the associations of these factors with portal access (ever accessed or never accessed) and persistence of portal use (accessed the portal ≤20 weeks vs ≥21 weeks in the 35-week study period).

Results

Of 28 942 eligible patients, 10 061 (35%) never accessed the portal. Male sex, membership in a racial and ethnic minority group, rural dwelling, not working, and limited broadband access were associated with lower odds of portal access. Younger age and more clinical encounters were associated with higher odds of portal access. Of those with portal access, 25% were persistent users. Using multiple modalities for portal access, being middle-aged, and having more clinical encounters were associated with persistent portal use.

Conclusion

Patient and structural factors affect portal access and use and may exacerbate disparities in electronic health record–based cancer symptom surveillance and management.
Sandwiched planet formation: restricting the mass of a middle planet
Authors: Pritchard Matthew , Meru Farzana , Rowther Sahl , Armstrong David , Randall Kaleb
Published: November 2023

We conduct gas and dust hydrodynamical simulations of protoplanetary discs with one and two embedded planets to determine the impact that a second planet located further out in the disc has on the potential for subsequent planet formation in the region locally exterior to the inner planet. We show how the presence of a second planet has a strong influence on the collection of solid material near the inner planet, particularly when the outer planet is massive enough to generate a maximum in the disc’s pressure profile. This effect in general acts to reduce the amount of material that can collect in a pressure bump generated by the inner planet. When viewing the inner pressure bump as a location for potential subsequent planet formation of a third planet, we therefore expect that the mass of such a planet will be smaller than it would be in the case without the outer planet, resulting in a small planet being sandwiched between its neighbours – this is in contrast to the expected trend of increasing planet mass with radial distance from the host star. We show that several planetary systems have been observed that do not show this trend but instead have a smaller planet sandwiched in between two more massive planets. We present the idea that such an architecture could be the result of the subsequent formation of a middle planet after its two neighbours formed at some earlier stage.
Tracking the evolution of satellite galaxies: mass stripping and dark-matter deficient galaxies
Authors: Montero-Dorta Antonio D , Rodriguez Facundo , Artale M Celeste , Smith Rory , Chaves-Montero Jonás
Published: November 2023

Satellite galaxies undergo a variety of physical processes when they are accreted by groups and clusters, often resulting in the loss of baryonic and dark matter (DM) mass. In this work, we evaluate the predictions from the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamical simulation regarding the evolution of the matter content of satellites, focusing on a population that are accreted at z > 1 and retain their identity as satellites down to z = 0. At fixed host halo mass, the amount of DM and stellar mass stripped depends mostly on the pericentric distance, dperi, here normalized by host halo virial radius. The closest encounters result in significant loss of DM, with subhaloes retaining between 20 and a few per cent of their z = 1 mass. At fixed dperi, DM mass stripping seems more severe in lower mass haloes. Conversely, the average satellite in higher mass haloes has its stellar mass growth halted earlier, having lost a higher fraction of stellar mass by z = 0. We also show that mass stripping has a strong impact on the quenched fractions. The IllustrisTNG boxes are qualitatively consistent in these predictions, with quantitative differences mostly originating from the distinct subhalo mass ranges covered by the boxes. Finally, we have identified DM-deficient systems in all TNG boxes. These objects are preferentially found in massive clusters (Mhost ≳ 1013 M⊙), had very close encounters with their central galaxies ($d_{\rm peri}\simeq 0.05\, R_{\rm vir}$), and were accreted at high redshift (zinfall ≳ 1.4), reinforcing the notion that tidal stripping is responsible for their remarkable lack of DM.
Local anaesthetic drugs
Authors: Meechan John G , Robb Nigel D , Seymour Robin A
Published: November 2023

In the previous chapter the actions of local anaesthetic agents and vasoconstric tors were explained. In this chapter, the individual local anaesthetic agents used in dentistry will be described. It should be remembered that the injectable local anaesthetic solutions are administered as salts, usually the hydrochloride (see Chapter 2). The solutions are usually presented in local anaesthetic cartridges (Fig. 3.1) for dental use (see also Chapter 4).
Local anaesthesia in the mandible
Authors: Meechan John G , Robb Nigel D , Seymour Robin A
Published: November 2023

The mandibular buccal cortex in adults is thicker than that in the maxilla in most areas. This thick bone between the periosteum and the dental apices precludes the use of infiltration anaesthesia in most areas of the mandible in adults. There fore, operative pain control in the mandible relies mainly on regional block techniques. The one area where the buccal cortex is thin in the lower jaw in adults is the anterior region and infiltration techniques may be successful in this area. In children, infiltration anaesthesia in the mandible may provide satisfactory anaesthesia for the deciduous dentition.
Taking a palliative care history and handling difficult situations
Authors: Faull Christina , Woof Richard
Published: November 2023

At the risk of stating the blindingly obvious, making an accurate assessment of our patients· needs, knowing the best management options, and involving patients and carers in decision making are the key tasks of being a good doc tor. The bedrock for our success in this process is our ability to communicate. Dealing with patients with life-threatening illnesses also raises the possibility of you having to handle difficult questions and situations (see box). Patients come to us seeking help; they have ‘Is it serious?’ ‘How long have I got?’ ‘Don’t tell him he’s dying, it’ll kill him’ ‘Why can’t he be cured?’ ‘Can you end it for me?’ questions that need answering. We have to answer them well.
Further information about palliative care and useful
Authors: Faull Christina , Woof Richard
Published: November 2023

Palliative care in the UK, either in hospital or the community, is supported by an array of specialist services. The roles of specialist palliative care services are: to be a resource of specialist expertise, services, and equipment; to provide education; to train specialist practitioners; to undertake research. If you are in any doubt about any aspect of palliative care, use them. They are there to help you provide the best care for your patients. Get to know those that are local to you, how to make contact with them, and refer patients to them.
Algebra
Authors: Higgins Peter M
Published: November 2023

It has been said of certain Ethiopian tribesmen that the only multiplicative operations they would allow were those of doubling and halving, and what is more they would have no truck with fractions of any kind. None the less, they had no trouble multiplying any two numbers together and so conducting basic commerce. For instance, if one bought 31 sheep from another at a cost of £25 each, here is how they would find the total cost.
Networks
Authors: Higgins Peter M
Published: November 2023

The ninth problem of Chapter 6 was one in which we showed that the network of the Konigsberg bridges could not be traversed once and only once because the underlying network had too many odd nodes, that is nodes that were connected to an odd number of edges. We shall now look at this type of problem in general. By a network we shall mean any collection of nodes (sometimes called vertices and at other times simply points) and edges running between the nodes. We allow for several edges running between the same pair of nodes (multi-edges),and loops, edges that begin and end at the same node, are not forbidden. Moreover, in general a network may not necessarily consist of a single connected piece but may have a number of components. The edges of the network may cross each other, and indeed if there are many edges that can sometimes be unavoidable. If, however, the network can be drawn without edges crossing, then it is called a planar net work. All these features can be seen in Figure 1.
Music in an Academic Context, I
Authors: Wollenberg Susan
Published: November 2023

The university musical scene in Oxford was enlivened during the eighteenth century by two notable visits: those of Handel in 1733, and Haydn in 1791. Both these occasions were much discussed at the time and have been copiously documented since. In both cases an honorary degree was involved: Handel, notoriously, refused the university’s offer (for reasons which have been the subject of speculation); Haydn gracefully accepted, becoming henceforth ‘Dr Haydn’. Famously, specific works by these composers were associated with their visits: Handel’s oratorio Athalia was premiered-very unusually for his oratorios, outside London-at the Sheldonian Theatre in 1733; Haydn’s ‘Oxford’ Symphony (No. 92 in G major) was performed there in 1791 and, later, his canon ‘Thy voice0 Harmony’ was sent to the university in recognition of the honour be­ stowed on him.
Music in the University and City, I
Authors: Wollenberg Susan
Published: November 2023

By the late eighteenth century, the musical performances in Commemoration week represented a high point in Oxford’s cultural and ceremonial calendar, involving large numbers of musicians and drawing great crowds. Life in Oxford at other times of year was rich in occasions for music. There is evidence that local musicians were linked with the early development of the St Cecilia’s Day tradition in London in the late seventeenth century/ From 1693 these originally secular celebrations took in a religious element, with a choral service at St Bride’s Church in Fleet Street and a sermon preached ‘in defence of church music’. In what seems to have been an extension of the London celebrations, Sampson Estwick, a chaplain of Christ Church, gave a sermon of this kind for St Cecilia’s Day at a service in Christ Church on 27 November 1696 which was printed and dedicated to the stewards of the St Cecilia’s Feast in London. In 1707 St Cecilia’s Day was marked in Oxford by a performance of Purcell’s ‘Hail, bright Cecilia’ at St Mary’s Hall (now Oriel College).
The External Referent: History
Authors: Scarry Elaine
Published: November 2023

Yes, this is Vanity Fair; not a moral place certainly; nor a merry one, though very noisy.... But the general impression is one more melancholy than mirthful. When you come home, you sit down, in a sober, contemplative, not uncharitable frame of mind, and apply yourself to your books or your business. Henry Esmond might have been called Coming Home After the Fair: its world differs from that of the fair not in the degree to which its values are fatuous but in the degree to which its fatuousness is funny. The tonal distance separating the two novels reflects the difference in narrative perspective: the man describing the world of anity Fair is characteristically an anonymous spectator; the man describing the world of Henry Esmond is Henry Esmond. The vanity that often intoxicates and amuses the first instills in the second sobriety and sadness. Only one can afford the bravado of satiric insight; the other, as he himself confesses, is not given to huzzas.
Underground Video
Authors: Boyle Deirdre
Published: November 2023

For children growing up in the ‘ 50s, television was a family member. The tiny screen buried in the big wooden box offered kinship with familiar figures who seemed as much a part of kids’ everyday lives as parents, siblings, and neighborhood playmates. Nightly viewing of Disney’s “The Mickey Mouse Club” was a ritual in American television households where children sang along with the club anthem and joined vicariously in the adventures of Karen and Cubby and Sharon and Dave. Other shows also reinforced this feeling of membership in an enduring group, such as “Andy’s Gang,” which weekly drew kids eager to hear .Andy Devine’s raspy and slightly raunchy command, “Pluck your magic twanger, Froggy!”
The World’s Largest TV Studio
Authors: Boyle Deirdre
Published: November 2023

Michael Shamberg was practicing yoga at the McBurney YMCA in New York City when a name came sailing at him out of the blue. Top Value Television. The 28-year-old author of Guerrilla Television was delighted, realizing that Top Value Television would also read TVTV. It was the perfect name for the video group he was getting together to cover the upcoming Presidential Nominating Conventions.
Communitube
Authors: Boyle Deirdre
Published: November 2023

Minneapolis was a hub for Midwestern interest in video, proving that video activism was not solely a bicoastal phenomenon. The people who flocked to video in the late ’60s in Minneapolis were more likely to be drawn by its utility as a social change agent than by its potential as a medium for artistic expression. This was due as much to a legacy of Midwestern populism and progressive values as it was to the zeitgeist. Thus the three young men who joined forces to create University Community Video were ’60s students already using video as a tool for community activism. In 1971, Stephen Kulczycki—a University of Minnesota journalism and television student influenced by the Challenge for Change ideal—went to work for the American Friends Service Committee using video as a vehicle for community organizing.
Living Newsletter?
Authors: Boyle Deirdre
Published: November 2023

Broadside TV was vulnerable to any changes in the communications environment, and in 1974 a change was forged that ultimately announced Broadside’s demise: the FCC rescinded its requirement that CATV operators provide locally originated programming. Since this mandate had been the only incentive for the local cable industry to cooperate with Broadside’s grand scheme, the ruling wiped out narrowcast programming virtually overnight—not just in Appalachia but throughout the nation. New rules went into effect on January 6, 1975, eliminating the local-origination ruling and adopting new rules requiring any cable system with 3,500 or more subscribers to have equipment for local cable programs, including non-operator production—what was commonly called public access.
The Good Times Are Killing Me
Authors: Boyle Deirdre
Published: November 2023

While Michael Shamberg was preoccupied with arranging cloakand-dagger adventures underground, Paul Goldsmith was at work realizing a long-standing dream. The veteran documentary film cameraman had been trying to raise money to do a film about Cajun music when he first met up with TVTV. Goldsmith, who spent summers as a boy in Louisiana, had shot a short documentary on Cajuns for French TV in 1972 and was convinced there was a richer, deeper story to tell. When WNET offered TVTV the contract to make five hours of programming, the understanding was that Goldsmith’s Cajun project would be one of those hours.
On the Theory of Identity
Authors: Tarski Alfred
Published: November 2023

Sentential calculus, to which the preceding chapter was devoted, forms only one of the parts of logic. It constitutes undoubtedly the most fundamental part,-at least inasmuch as one necessarily uses its terms and laws in defining other terms, and in formulating and demonstrating logical laws that do not belong to this calculus. Sentential calculus by itself, however, does not form an adequate basis for the foundations of other sciences and, in particular, not for the foundations of mathematics; various concepts from other branches of logic are constantly encountered in mathematical definitions, theorems, and proofs. Some of them will be discussed in the present and in the following two chapters.
Construction of a Mathematical Theory: Laws of Order for Numbers
Authors: Tarski Alfred
Published: November 2023

With a certain amount of knowledge of the fields of logic and methodology at our disposal, we shall now undertake to lay the foundations of a particular mathematical theory which, incidentally, is very simple. This will give us an excellent opportunity to assimilate better our previously acquired knowledge, and even to expand it somewhat. The theory with which we shall be concerned constitutes a fragment of the arithmetic of real numbers. It contains fundamental theorems which govern the basic relations less thanand greater thanamong numbers, as well as theorems pertaining to two basic operations on numbers: to those of addition and subtraction. It presupposes nothing but logic; that is, logic is the only preceding theory.
Stardust
Authors: Hay Peter
Published: November 2023

Before making A Fool There Was (1916), I consulted Robert Hilliard, who had produced it on the stage and played the leading role for years. He said, ‘‘In my experience, I have had to change my leading lady six times. As soon as one scored a tremendous hit in the part, she believed herself to be a Sarah Bernhardt and became unmanageable, and I had to let her go. My advice would be to put the girl you choose under contract, as the part will make her.’‘
Idolatry
Authors: Hay Peter
Published: November 2023

After he [Chaplin] had made his first million dollars, he went to Europe for a vacation. He slipped away from a Parisian hotel to wander incognito in an obscure district on the Left Bank. No one recognized him. He was happy. After all, there was some privacy, if one had the patience to seek it. As he strolled along, Mr. Chaplin suffered an abdominal cramp. He inquired of an angelic porter where one might find a W.C. Mr. Chapin knew no French and the porter knew no English. After some ineffectual parley in two languages, Chaplin became apprehensive. The stomach ache was now almost beyond control. He did some pantomime. He postured, grunted, wriggled and rolled his eyes to heaven.
Where Ignorance Is Bliss
Authors: Hay Peter
Published: November 2023

Nature of the Beast L. B. Mayer wanted to hire Joseph Mankiewicz to work as a producer at MGM, but the latter wanted to write and to direct. ‘‘No, you have to produce first,’‘ Mayer insisted, ‘‘you have to crawl before you walk.’‘ Mankiewicz always thought that this was the best definition of producing he had heard. Producer Lamarr Trotti gave this definition of his profession: ‘‘A producer is a man who asks you a question, gives you the answer, and then tells you what’s wrong with it.’‘
Cunning Linguists
Authors: Hay Peter
Published: November 2023

King Vidor was having problems in The Wedding Night (1934) with Gary Cooper’s mumbling and Anna Sten’s heavy Russian accent. She had a particularly hard time in the middle of a love scene with pronouncing ‘‘Earth’s return’‘-a phrase quoted from. Vidor was all for cutting the text, but Sam Goldwyn, who was watching the filming of the scene, wanted it kept. Finally, after several takes, even Goldwyn was losing patience and he went up to the two stars. Ile told them about the sorry state of box office receipts during the Depression, and that he was staking his entire career and reputation on this picture.
In the Writers’ Building
Authors: Hay Peter
Published: November 2023

Door Signs So many people kept dropping by Gene Fowler’s office to exchange jokes and drinks that he couldn’t get any work done. The writer changed the sign on his door to read: ‘‘Horace Witherspoon, Jr. Famous Polish Impersonator.’‘ After that he found peace. Dorothy Parker had the opposite problem: nobody ever visited her little cubicle in the Writers’ Building. She felt completely isolated and lonely, until one evening she scratched out her name on the door and replaced it with a sign that read: ‘‘Men.’‘
The Towe
Authors: Rosenthal M L
Published: November 2023

As with other poets’ successive volumes, Yeats’s sometimes overlap in the sense that they contain work begun and even completed before previous volumes had been printed. The Tower (1928) is the prize example. Some of its poems were in the making a decade or more before it appeared. One, “The New Faces,” goes back to 1912 and is of a piece with poems of deep friendship like “These Are the Clouds” and “A Friend’s Illness” in The Green Helmet and Other Poems and “To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Nothing” and “Friends” in Responsibilities. Another, “Owen Aherne and His Dancers,” goes back to 1917 and-despite its bitter theme (an older man whose love has been rejected by a young woman)-is stylistically close to Yeats’s writing of two decades earlier. The great double sequence, “Meditations in Time of Civil War” and “Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen,” is the work of 1921 to 1922 and might conceivably have been added to Michael Robartes and the Dancer. And “All Souls’ Night,” written in 1920, brings the book to an end.
Drama of the 1930s
Authors: Rosenthal M L
Published: November 2023

Yeats’s last plays reflect his deepening preoccupation with what-in a letter of 2 or 4 October 1927--he had called the only worthwhile topics: “sex and the dead.” The boldest and most experimental of the seven plays of his final decade are the twin pieces A Full Moon in March and The King of the Great Clock Tower (both published in 1935) and The Heme’s Egg (1938), which link these topics directly and sometimes crudely. The Resurrection (1931), The Words upon the Window-Pane (1934), The Death of Cuchulain (1939), and Purgatory (1939) do so far more subtly yet with greater force.
The Social Setting of Apocalypses
Authors: Thompson Leonard L
Published: November 2023

With form and content dominating questions of genre, scholars have taken up the social setting of apocalypses as a separate issue. There are several good reasons for that separation. Classic form criticism—a method for relating literature and society—probably linked too closely a particular form with one particular setting; and as Collins, among others, notes, a single apocalypse may be used in different ways in different social settings (Collins 1979, 4). Lack of knowledge about the social-historical setting of specific apocalypses also contributes to the separation, for little is known about when, where, by whom, and for whom most apocalypses were written (see Stone 1980, 72-73, 85). Information about social setting comes for the most part from the apocalyptic texts themselves
Introduction: The Genre, the Canon, and the Myth
Authors: DeLamotte Eugenia C
Published: November 2023

A Gothic parody of 1813 portrays a well-read “Heroine” in raptures over a newly acquired ruin. In her excitement she sends out immediately for a set of appropriate furnishings, including “painted glass enriched with armorial bearings,” “pennons and flags stained with the best old blood;— Feudal if possible,” “antique tapestry sufficient to furnish one entire wing,” “an old lute, or lyre, or harp,” “a bell for the portal,” black hangings and curtains, and a velvet pall. Unfortunately, the man dispatched on the errand has surprising trouble finding in town these items available everywhere in romance.
Wordsworth’s Intimations Ode and Its Epigraphs
Authors: Manning Peter J
Published: November 2023

At the outset of his essay “The Immortality Ode,” Lionel Trilling observes: Criticism, we know, must always be concerned with the poem itself. But a poem does not always exist only in itself: sometimes it has a very lively existence in its false or partial appearances. These simulacra of the actual poem must be taken into account by criticism and sometimes in its effort to come at the poem as it really is, criticism does well to allow the simulacra to dictate at least its opening moves.1 Trilling was concerned with the tradition of critical interpretations that comes to encase a canonical text, but with the Ode the encasing begins with Wordsworth himself.
Don Juan and Byron’s Imperceptiveness to the English Word
Authors: Manning Peter J
Published: November 2023

In a famous essay which mixes praise and contempt in characteristic fashion, T. S. Eliot observed in 1937: From this stigma of “imperccptiveness ... to the English word” Byron and Byron criticism have yet wholly to recover.2 The condemnation is best challenged by examining the assumptions on which it rests.
Wordsworth at St. Bees: Scandals, Sisterhoods, and Wordsworth's Later Poetry
Authors: Manning Peter J
Published: November 2023

Anyone seeking to direct attention to Wordsworth’s later poetry must acknowledge the general lack of interest in the subject. The image of Wordsworth the lost leader, living on in decline and withdrawal, seems as firmly fixed now as it has been for a century. If one points out that Wordsworth’s poetry after 1807 is, if anything, more politically engaged and more topical than what went before, the notorious conservatism of the later years remains a stumbling block. But merely to invoke this conservatism is not to understand how it functions in particular poems.
The Sonnet
Authors: Curran Stuart
Published: November 2023

That the sonnet virtually disappeared from the British shores in the century after Milton’s death is an oddity that could not be obfuscated by blandly defining it as “not very suitable to the English language.”1 On the contrary, it is a symptom of the cultural distance the eighteenth century imposed between itself and the Elizabethans, who were commonly understood to have been barbaric, their example effaced by subsequent refinements of language, literary conception, and versification.
Composite Orders
Authors: Curran Stuart
Published: November 2023

In Renaissance generic formulations the epic is first in the hierarchy of genres because it is the most inclusive of forms. The Homeric epics were conceived as a repository of cultural knowledge—from the organization of the Olympic pantheon to the history of the eastern Mediterranean kingdoms assembled on the plain of Troy to the geography charted by Odysseus’ wanderings, even to the proper construction of ships so as to weather storms at sea.
The Creation of Classical Greek Mathematics
Authors: Kline Morris
Published: November 2023

In the history of civilization the Greeks are preeminent, and in the history of mathematics the Greeks are the supreme event. Though they did borrow from the surrounding civilizations, the Greeks built a civilization and culture of their own which is the most impressive of all civilizations, the most influential in the development of modern Western culture, and decisive in founding mathematics as we understand the subject today. One of the great problems of the history of civilization is how to account for the brilliance and creativity of the ancient Greeks.
Calculus in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Kline Morris
Published: November 2023

The greatest achievement of the seventeenth century was the calculus. From this source there stemmed major new branches of mathematics: differential equations, infinite series, differential geometry, the calculus of variations, functions of complex variables, and many others. Indeed, the beginnings of some of these subjects were already present in the works of Newton and Leibniz. The eighteenth century was devoted largely to the development of some of these branches of analysis. But before this could be accomplished, the calculus itself had to be extended. Newton and Leibniz had created basic methods, but much remained to be done. Many new functions of one variable and functions of two or more variables had either to be recognized explicitly or created; the techniques of differentiation and integration had to be extended to some of the existing functions and to others yet to be introduced; and the logical foundation of the calculus was still missing. The first goal was to expand the subject matter of the calculus and this is the subject of the present chapter and the next one.
The Calculus of Variations in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Kline Morris
Published: November 2023

As we have seen, the calculus of variations was founded in the eighteenth century chiefly by Euler and Lagrange. Beyond mathematical and physical problems of various sorts there was one leading motivation for the study, namely, the Principle of Least Action, which in the hands of Maupertuis, Euler, and Lagrange became a leading principle of mathematical physics. The nineteenth-century men continued the work on least action and the greatest stimulus to the calculus of variations in the first half of the century came from this direction. Physically, the interest was in the science of mechanics and particularly in problems of astronomy. Lagrange’s successful formulation of the laws of dynamics in terms of his Principle of Least Action suggested that the idea should be applicable to other branches of physics. Lagrange gave a minimum principle for fluid dynamics (applicable to compressible and incompressible fluids) from which he derived Euler’s equations for fluid dynamics (Chap. 22, sec. 8) and indeed he boasted that a minimum principle governed this field as it did the motion of particles and rigid bodies.
The Differential Geometry of Gauss and Riemann
Authors: Kline Morris
Published: November 2023

We shall now pick up the threads of the development of differential geometry, particularly the theory of surfaces as founded by Euler and extended by Monge. The next great step in this subject was made by Gauss. Gauss had devoted an immense amount of work to geodesy and mapmaking starting in 1816. His participation in actual physical surveys, on which he published many papers, stimulated his interest in differential geometry and led to his definitive 1827 paper “Disquisitiones Generales circa Superficies Curvas” (General Investigations of Curved Surfaces).1 However, beyond contributing this definitive treatment of the differential geometry of surfaces lying in three-dimensional space Gauss advanced the totally new concept that a surface is a space in itself. It was this concept that Riemann generalized, thereby opening up new vistas in non-Euclidean geometry.
Projective and Metric Geometry
Authors: Kline Morris
Published: November 2023

Prior to and during the work on non-Euclidean geometry, the study of projective properties was the major geometric activity. Moreover, it was evident from the work of von Staudt (Chap. 35, sec. 3) that projective geometry is logically prior to Euclidean geometry because it deals with qualitative and descriptive properties that enter into the very formation of geometrical figures and does not use the measures of line segments and angles. This fact suggested that Euclidean geometry might be some specialization of projective geometry. With the non-Euclidean geometries now at hand the possibility arose that these, too, at least the ones dealing with spaces of constant curvature, might be specializations of projective geometry. Hence the relationship of projective geometry to the non-Euclidean geometries, which are metric geometries because distance is employed as a fundamental concept, became a subject of research. The clarification of the relationship of projective geometry to Euclidean and the non-Euclidean geometries is the great achievement of the work we are about to examine. Equally vital was the establishment of the consistency of the basic non-Euclidean geometries.
The Instillation of Rigor in Analysis
Authors: Kline Morris
Published: November 2023

By about 1800 the mathematicians began to be concerned about the looseness in the concepts and proofs of the vast branches of analysis. The very concept of a function was not clear; the use of series without regard to convergence and divergence had produced paradoxes and disagreements; the controversy about the representations of functions by trigonometric series had introduced further confusion; and, of course, the fundamental notions of derivative and integral had never been properly defined. All these difficulties finally brought on dissatisfaction with the logical status of analysis.
The Foundations of the Real and Transfinite Numbers
Authors: Kline Morris
Published: November 2023

One of the most surprising facts in the history of mathematics is that the logical foundation of the real number system was not erected until the late nineteenth century. Up to that time not even the simplest properties of positive and negative rational numbers and irrational numbers were logically established, nor were these numbers defined. Even the logical foundation of complex numbers had not been long in existence (Chap. 32, sec. 1), and that foundation presupposed the real number system. In view of the extensive development of algebra and analysis, all of which utilized the real numbers, the failure to consider the precise structure and properties of the real numbers shows how illogically mathematics progresses. The intuitive understanding of these numbers seemed adequate and mathematicians were content to operate on this basis.
Mathematics as of 1900
Authors: Kline Morris
Published: November 2023

It was true in the nineteenth as in the two preceding centuries that the progress in mathematics brought with it larger changes barely perceptible in the year-to-year developments but vital in themselves and in their effect on future developments. The vast expansion in subject matter and the opening of new fields as well as the extension of older ones are of course apparent. Algebra received a totally new impetus with Galois; geometry again became active and was radically altered with the introduction of non-Euclidean geometry and the revival of projective geometry; number theory flowed over into analytic number theory; and analysis was immeasurably broadened by the introduction of complex function theory and the expansion in ordinary and partial differential equations. From the standpoint of technical development, complex function theory was the most significant of the new creations. But from the standpoint of intellectual importance and ultimate effect on the nature of mathematics, the most consequential development was non¬Euclidean geometry. As we shall see, its effects were far more revolutionary than we have thus far pointed out. The circle within which mathematical studies appeared to be enclosed at the beginning of the century was broken at all points, and mathematics exploded into a hundred branches. The flood of new results contradicted sharply the leading opinion at the end of the eighteenth century that the mine of mathematics was exhausted.
Functional Analysis
Authors: Kline Morris
Published: November 2023

By the late nineteenth century it was apparent that many domains of mathematics dealt with transformations or operators acting on functions. Thus even the ordinary differentiation operation and its inverse antidifferentiation act on a function to produce a new function.
Guide To Pronunciation
Authors: Huang Chichung
Published: November 2023

The transliterations of all Chinese terms and proper names in this book follow the Chinese phonetic system, generally known to the world as the pinyin system. Basically identifiable with their counterparts in the International Phonetic Alphabet, its consonants are easily pronounceable with the exception of a few which were endowed by their inventor(s) with sound values different from the ones they usually represent in the English language. Readers of this book are advised to familiarize themselves with these sounds so that they are not impeded by them in pronouncing Chinese words throughout this book.
Chronology of Chinese Dynasties
Authors: Huang Chichung
Published: November 2023

The Five Emperors (2550?-2140? B.C.E) Huang Di, or The Yellow Emperor Zhuanxu Di Ku, or Emperor Ku Tan Yao Yu Shum
Master Kong’s Major Disciples
Authors: Huang Chichung
Published: November 2023

one of the Master’s most prominent disciples in the early part of his teaching career,1 also one of those who followed him in his travels abroad; son of Yan Lu, who was one of the earliest disciples at the Master’s school; native of Lu. Humane by nature and well accomplished both in virtue and the classics, he delighted in pursuing the Way even when in dire straits.
Deep Talk as Knowing
Authors: Himley Margaret
Published: November 2023

After studying with Patricia Carini, I began to characterize the Prospect School as a kind of oral culture. At first it seemed rather odd to talk about Prospect as oral because of the extensive amount of daily note taking and written documentation that goes on. The Archive itself is lined with shelf after shelf of records of staff meetings, notes from summer institutes, papers and published essays, graduate student theses, grant proposals, long narrative records for each student, catalogues for reference editions of the children’s files-and on and on. Teachers walk around with paper and pencil in hand. Children are observed, their drawings and written texts described, keywords reflected upon, teacher journals kept and exchanged and at times published.
A Reflective Conversation: “Tempos of Meaning”
Authors: Himley Margaret
Published: November 2023

This chapter dramatizes the documentary process of describing a work (in this case, a first year essay), using a modification of Patricia Carini’s reflective procedures. In this project, we were engaged in a highly speculative process, not looking so much for research results or validity, but rather trying to have some actual experience with student writing at Syracuse University across all four years. We looked at three essays from each writer, written across time, in a very rough effort to describe in broad strokes the possible patterns of development across a large group of writers.
Naturphilosophie and John Brown
Authors: Almeida Hermione De
Published: November 2023

Tile Life of Man is like a great Mountainliis breatli is like a Slirewsbury Cake-lie comes into tlie world like a Slioe black and goes out of it like a Coblerlie eats like a Cliimneysweep, drinks like a Gingerbread Baker and breatlies like Acliilles So it being tilt we are sulci sublunary creatures let us endeavour to correct all our bad Spelling . Human knowledge, Friedrich Schlegel said, must commence with the study of the life of man; his statements on the philosophy of life summarized for Keats’s generation of scientists and poets those formulations on life of German Naturphilosophie.