bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts as Effective Dipolarophiles in Copper(I)‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition with Azomethine Ylides: Asymmetric Construction of Pyrrolidine Derivatives Containing Quaternary Stereogenic Center.
Authors: Teng Huai‐Long , Huang He , Tao Hai‐Yan , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: August 2011

The first catalytic asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides (II) with Morita—Baylis—Hillman adducts bearing an allylic hydroxyl group is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cycloaddition Route to Substituted Anilines.
Authors: Zhang Kainan , Louie Janis
Published: August 2011

Rh‐catalyzed reaction of 1,6‐ and 1,7‐diynes with the oxazolone (II) allows a new, convenient access to functionalized bicyclic aniline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Direct Intramolecular Hydroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes with α‐Ketones.
Authors: Xiao Ya‐Ping , Liu Xin‐Yuan , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: August 2011

The reaction provides simple and efficient access to highly substituted five‐ and six‐membered rings.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Mediated Reformatsky—Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: Ishihara Jun , Watanabe Yuki , Koyama Noriko , Nishino Yukihiro , Takahashi Keisuke , Hatakeyama Susumi
Published: August 2011

A wide range of allyl α‐bromoacetates rearrange in the presence of In/InCl3 under ultrasonication.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient, Organocatalytic Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation.
Authors: Shibuya Masatoshi , Osada Yuji , Sasano Yusuke , Tomizawa Masaki , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu
Published: August 2011

Two metal‐free systems for conducting the oxidation of alcohols under mild conditions are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective α‐Amination of Branched Aldehydes Promoted by Simple Chiral Primary Amino Acids.
Authors: Fu Ji‐Ya , Yang Qing‐Chuan , Wang Qi‐Lin , Ming Jun‐Nan , Wang Fei‐Ying , Xu Xiao‐Ying , Wang Li‐Xin
Published: August 2011

The amino acid AMS efficiently promotes the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Reducing versus Basic Properties of 1,2‐Diaryl‐1,2‐disodioethanes.
Authors: Azzena Ugo , Dettori Giovanna , Pisano Luisa , Pittalis Mario
Published: August 2011

A particularly mild approach to the synthesis of α‐substituted arylacetic acids (III) and (V) is presented, involving title diaryldisodioethanes (NDPE or NTPE) as base at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Between Aryl Halides and Trimethylsilylacetylene Assisted by Dimethylaminotrimethyltin.
Authors: Cai Liangzhen , Yang Dujuan , Sun Zhonghua , Tao Xiaochun , Cai Lisheng , Pike Victor W.
Published: August 2011

Two examples are given where aryl iodides are used as starting material, resulting in slightly higher yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Can the Crabb Homologation Be Successfully Applied to the Synthesis of 1,3‐Disubstituted Allenes?
Authors: Kitagaki Shinji , Komizu Mika , Mukai Chisato
Published: August 2011

The one‐pot process under optimized conditions can be successfully applied to the preparation of title compounds (III) from alkynes and aldehydes in the presence of amine.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Opening Hydrofluorination of 2,3‐ and 3,4‐Epoxy Amines by HBF4·OEt2: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of (S,S)‐3‐Deoxy‐3‐fluorosafingol.
Authors: Cresswell Alexander J. , Davies Stephen G. , Lee James A. , Morris Melloney J. , Roberts Paul M. , Thomson James E.
Published: August 2011

The reaction allows a simple, efficient, and highly stereoselective (< 98% d.e.) access to synthetically and biologically important fluorohydrins.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Nitration of Electrophilic Alkenes with Tetranitromethane in the Presence of Triethylamine. Synthesis of Functionalized β‐Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Volkova Yulia A. , Averina Elena B. , Grishin Yuri K. , Rybakov Victor B. , Kuznetsova Tamara S. , Zefirov Nikolai S.
Published: August 2011

The substrates are nitrated regio‐ and stereoselectively to give nitroalkenes and nitro alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Preparation of Cyclopropanols Using Methylene Bis(iodozinc).
Authors: Cheng Kevin , Carroll Patrick J. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: August 2011

Both α‐chloro‐ and α‐bromoaldehydes yield similar results.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodobenzene‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Cyclization Reactions of δ‐Alkynyl β‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Rodriguez Arantxa , Moran Wesley J.
Published: August 2011

The reaction demonstrates a rare alkyne activation by an organocatalyst proceeding with good to excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding the Fate of the Oxyallyl Cation Following Nazarov Electrocyclization: Sequential Wagner—Meerwein Migrations and the Synthesis of Spirocyclic Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Huang Jie , Leboeuf David , Frontier Alison J.
Published: August 2011

With properly controlled conditions, the sequence gives unusual spirocyclic compounds either with adjacent tertiary stereocenters such as (II) and (X) or with adjacent quaternary centers such as (III), (V) and (VIII) depending on the steric bulk of the substituents at C‐5.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketoximes Using Stannous(II) Chloride in Ionic Liquid as an Efficient Catalyst.
Authors: Niralwad Kirti S. , Shingate Bapurao B. , Shingare Murlidhar S.
Published: August 2011

The combination of stannous chloride and ionic liquid is crucial for a successful rearrangement and scarcely any reaction occurs when either SnCl2 or the given ionic liquid are absent.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Simple Ketones Activated by Broensted Acids.
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Yu , Wang Duo‐Sheng , Bao Ming , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: August 2011

Optimized conditions including a chiral binaphthyl ligand afford benzyl alcohols with up to 88% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Fluoride‐Mediated O‐Arylation of Sterically Hindered Halophenols with Silylaryl Triflates under Mild Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Gebara Karimi S. , Casagrande Gleison A. , Raminelli Cristiano
Published: August 2011

Notable features of the diaryl ether synthesis include no need for transition metal catalysts and tolerance of halide substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Trialkylamines with Aryl Iodides Leading to Alkyl Aryl Ketones.
Authors: Liu Yan , Yao Bo , Deng Chen‐Liang , Tang Ri‐Yuan , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: August 2011

Commercial available tertiary amines are used as carbonyl source.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Some 1‐Aryl‐3‐isopropylamino‐1‐propanone Hydrochlorides Towards Human Huh‐7 Hepatoma Cells.
Authors: Mete Ebru , Gul H. Inci , Cetin‐Atalay Rengul , Das Umashankar , Sahin Ertan , Gul Mustafa , Kazaz Cavit , Dimmock Jonathan R.
Published: August 2011

The majority of the synthesized compounds show better potency than 5‐fluorouracil against human Huh‐7 hepatoma cells.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Light‐Induced Knoevenagel Condensation of Meldrum′s Acid with Aromatic Aldehydes in Aqueous Ethanol.
Authors: Ghosh Somnath , Das Jhantu , Chattopadhyay Subhagata
Published: August 2011

The visible light induced, uncatalyzed and unsupported photochemical process can be also carried out under microwave irradiation over alumina.
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Component Reaction of N‐Sulfonylimines, (Cyanomethylene)triphenylphosphorane, Nitromethane, and Formaldehyde for the Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 2‐Methylene‐4‐nitrobutanenitriles.
Authors: Jin Yin‐Huan , Fang Fan , Zhang Xiang , Liu Qing‐Zhou , Wang Hao‐Bo , Tian Shi‐Kai
Published: August 2011

The method allows a new and efficient access to title compounds of type (V)/ (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted TBAF‐Catalyzed SNAr Reaction of Aryl Fluorides and ArSTMS: An Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diaryl Thioethers.
Authors: Liu Chuanzhi , Zang Xufeng , Yu Baohua , Yu Xiaochun , Xu Qing
Published: August 2011

Optimized conditions are elaborated for each type of substrates to afford a broad spectrum of title compounds including fluoro derivatives with biological significance.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective Metal‐Free Oxidation of Sulfides with Diluted H2O2 in a Continuous Flow Reactor.
Authors: Maggi Raimondo , Chitsaz Soheila , Loebbecke Stefan , Piscopo Calogero G. , Sartori Giovanni , Schwarzer Maud
Published: August 2011

For the presented mild synthesis of the compounds (II) a commercially available heterogeneous catalyst is used.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryltrimethylammonium Iodides with Organozinc Reagents.
Authors: Xie Lan‐Gui , Wang Zhong‐Xia
Published: August 2011

The coupling reaction using arylzinc reagents displays broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Heck‐Type Reaction of Aryl Sulfinic Acids with Alkenes.
Authors: Wang Guan‐Wu , Miao Tao
Published: August 2011

The coupling of arylsulfinic acids with styrene or acrylic acid derivatives using inexpensive Cu(OAc)2 as oxidant and Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst requires no ligand or base.
ChemInform Abstract: Proton‐Catalyzed, Silane‐Fueled Friedel—Crafts Coupling of Fluoroarenes.
Authors: Allemann Oliver , Duttwyler Simon , Romanato Paola , Baldridge Kim K. , Siegel Jay S.
Published: August 2011

Phenyl cation equivalents, generated from otherwise unreactive aryl fluorides, allow extension of the Friedel—Crafts reaction to intramolecular aryl couplings.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Epoxidation of Olefins Using Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Hasan Kamrul , Brown Nicole , Kozak Christopher M.
Published: August 2011

A simple and practical method for the synthesis of the compounds (II) with a readily available additive is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected C—C Bond Cleavage of Epoxide Motif: Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Heterocyclization/[4 + 1] Cycloaddition of 1‐(1‐Alkynyl)oxiranyl Ketones.
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Cui‐Hong , Zhang Junliang
Published: August 2011

A general, efficient and practical route to highly substituted furanones such as (III) and (VII) via a tandem heterocyclization/formal cycloaddition of the title alkynyloxiranyl ketones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cyclization of α‐Bromo Aluminum Acetals onto Alkenes and Alkynes (Radic[Al] Process): A Simple Access to γ‐Lactols and 4‐Methylene‐γ‐Lactols.
Authors: Boussonniere Anne , Beneteau Romain , Zimmermann Nicolas , Lebreton Jacques , Denes Fabrice
Published: August 2011

A new access to γ‐lactols and 4‐methylene‐γ‐lactols, based on a one‐pot sequence, involves the radical cyclization of thermally labile α‐bromo aluminum acetals.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Aminofuran‐3‐carbonitriles via Cascade Stetter—γ‐Ketonitrile Cyclization Reaction Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene.
Authors: Liu Peng , Lei Min , Ma Lei , Hu Lihong
Published: August 2011

The mild conditions allow the preparation of completely functionalized title compounds (III) (18 examples) as important synthetic intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Large Ring 3,4‐Alkylenedioxythiophenes (ADOT) Derivatives via Mitsunobu Reaction.
Authors: Xu Zhaochao , Kang Joo‐Hee , Wang Fang , Paek Seung‐Min , Hwang Seong‐Ju , Kim Youngmee , Kim Sung‐Jin , Choy Jin‐Ho , Yoon Juyoung
Published: August 2011

Mitsunobu reaction of dihydroxythiophene (I) with various diols provides an easy access to the title systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Silver Amide Catalyst for the [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of α‐Amino Esters to Olefins.
Authors: Yamashita Yasuhiro , Imaizumi Takaki , Kobayashi Shu
Published: August 2011

Highly exo‐selective asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of α‐aminoester Schiff bases with activated olefins proceeds in the presence of AgHMDS and a chiral phosphine ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Indoles and Pyrroles by Chiral Alkene‐Phosphine Ligands.
Authors: Cao Ziping , Liu Yilin , Liu Zhaoqun , Feng Xiangqing , Zhuang Minyang , Du Haifeng
Published: August 2011

The vinyl group in the ligand plays a crucial role both in reactivity and enantioselectivity and the ratio of catalyst/ligand is an important factor.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active 1,1′‐Spirobiindan‐7,7′‐diol (SPINOL)‐Based Phosphoric Acids as Highly Enantioselective Catalysts for Asymmetric Organocatalysis.
Authors: Xing Chun‐Hui , Liao Yuan‐Xi , Ng Jaclynn , Hu Qiao‐Sheng
Published: August 2011

The phosphoric acids promote the reaction of indoles with aldimines and ketoesters of type (IV) giving 3‐substituted indoles like (III) and (V) with excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Organocatalytic Stereoselective Double Michael Reaction: Efficient Construction of Optically Enriched Spirocyclic Oxindoles.
Authors: Wang Liang‐Liang , Peng Lin , Bai Jian‐Fei , Jia Li‐Na , Luo Xi‐Ya , Huang Qing‐Chun , Xu Xiao‐Ying , Wang Li‐Xin
Published: August 2011

A cinchona based organocatalyst is employed to enable the first asymmetric double Michael addition of 3‐substituted oxindoles and aryl substituted dienones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Synthesis of Spiro Compounds with a Carbamate Functionality
Authors: Velikorodov A. V. , Poddubnyi O. Yu. , Krivosheev O. O. , Titova O. L.
Published: August 2011

via regioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of carbamate (I) to in situ generated non‐stabilized azomethine ylides
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Route to 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles via Reductive Alkylation Using H2 as Reductant.
Authors: Cao Liang‐Liang , Wang Duo‐Sheng , Jiang Guo‐Fang , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: August 2011

A simple procedure is developed for the reaction of indoles with aldehydes or ketones to yield 3‐substituted derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Diamine Rhodium Complex Catalyzed Reductive N‐Heterocyclization of 2‐Nitrovinylarenes.
Authors: Okuro Kazumi , Gurnham Joanna , Alper Howard
Published: August 2011

In the presence of the rhodium catalyst, a number of 2‐nitrovinylarenes undergoes reductive cyclization to afford indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminoalkynylation Strategy Towards Bicyclic Heterocycles: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Trachelanthamidine.
Authors: Nicolai Stefano , Piemontesi Cyril , Waser Jerome
Published: August 2011

The palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular aminoalkynylation of terminal olefins is operationally simple and can be applied to tosyl amides, carbamates, and ureas to give five‐ or six‐membered heterocyclic rings.
ChemInform Abstract: DIBAL‐Mediated Reductive Transformation of trans‐Dimethyl Tartrate Acetonide into ε‐Hydroxy α,β‐Unsaturated Ester and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Tomioka Takashi , Yabe Yuki , Takahashi Tohru , Simmons Tracy K.
Published: August 2011

Stepwise DIBAL reduction of the tartrate (I) and subsequent monoolefination allows a simple and rapid access to the functionalized ester (III) and its derivatives like (X).
ChemInform Abstract: 4,5‐Diaryl‐3‐aminopyrazole Derivatives as Analogues of Combretastatin A‐4: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Liu Tao , Cui Rong , Chen Jing , Zhang Jun , He Qiaojun , Yang Bo , Hu Yongzhou
Published: August 2011

A number of 4,5‐diaryl‐3‐aminopyrazole derivatives (II) and their corresponding N‐acyl derivatives (IV) are synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Formation of Pyrazolecarbaldehyde Dithioacetal Hydrochlorides
Authors: Papernaya L. K. , Shatrova A. A. , Albanov A. I. , Rudyakova E. V. , Levkovskaya G. G.
Published: August 2011

by acetalization of pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes (I) with 2‐sulfanylethanol (II) in the presence of Tms‐Cl
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One Pot Synthesis of New Indanopyrazoline and Indanopyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Jelizi Hanene , Rammah Mohamed M. , Askri Moheddine , Rammah Mohamed El Baker , Ciamala Kabula , Monnier‐Jobe Karin
Published: August 2011

Novel fused pyrazolines (III) and pyrazoles (IV) are obtained in a one‐pot process by regio‐ and diastereoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated nitrilimines to indenes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Supported Multistep Divergent Synthesis of Benzimidazole Linked Pyrrolo‐/pyrido‐/isoindolo‐benzimidazolones.
Authors: Thummanagoti Suman , Yellol Gorakh S. , Sun Chung‐Ming
Published: August 2011

The microwave‐assisted aminoalkylation of phenylenediamines, immobilized with an ionic liquid with ketoacids is followed by 2 intramolecular cyclization steps to provide the title compounds (IV) and (VII) after cleavage of the support.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Induced Cyclization of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds to Isoxazoles.
Authors: Browder Cindy C. , Moss Christopher B. , Kraft Matthew B. , Petrucka Paige L. , Morey Tara S. , Leach Christopher W. , Gearhart Nicholas C.
Published: August 2011

An unusual synthesis of isoxazoles from α,β‐unsaturated ketoximes (E/Z mixture) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Multisubstituted N‐Fused Heterocycles Against the Hep‐G2 Cancer Cell Line.
Authors: Shen Yong‐Miao , Lv Peng‐Cheng , Zhang Ming‐Zhu , Xiao Hui‐Quan , Deng Li‐Ping , Zhu Hai‐Liang , Qi Chen‐Ze
Published: August 2011

The [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of imidazolium ylides and thiazolium ylides with alkenes followed by oxidative aromatization of the primary cycloadducts using the mild oxidant tetrakispyridinecobalt(II) dichromate in one‐pot lead to pyrrolo[1,2‐a]imidazole and pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazole derivatives, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Cinchona Alkaloids‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Keto Esters with Oxazolones.
Authors: Ying Yin , Chai Zhuo , Wang Hai‐Feng , Li Peng , Zheng Chang‐Wu , Zhao Gang , Cai Yue‐Peng
Published: August 2011

Asymmetric [4 + 2] cycloaddition of β,γ‐unsaturated α‐keto esters (I) and (IV) with oxazolones (II) proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity (up to 97% e.e.) in the presence of a quinidine‐derived bifunctional organocatalyst (NQD).
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrabutylammonium Hydrogen Sulfate Mediated Domino Reaction: Synthesis of Novel Benzopyran‐Annulated Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles
Authors: Parmar Narsidas J. , Teraiya Shashikant B. , Patel Rikin A. , Talpada Navin P.
Published: August 2011

in a highly stereoselective manner
ChemInform Abstract: Flow Microreactor Synthesis of Disubstituted Pyridines from Dibromopyridines via Br/Li Exchange Without Using Cryogenic Conditions.
Authors: Nagaki Aiichiro , Yamada Shigeyuki , Doi Masatomo , Tomida Yutaka , Takabayashi Naofumi , Yoshida Jun‐ichi
Published: August 2011

An efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds under higher temperatures is presented by using an integrated flow microreactor system composed of four micromixers and 4 microtube reactors.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Heterocycle Synthesis Using an Internal Oxidant: Improved Reactivity and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Guimond Nicolas , Gorelsky Serge I. , Fagnou Keith
Published: August 2011

A mild redox‐neutral strategy is applied to the synthesis of isoquinolone and 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Base‐Promoted Cyclization of N‐Propargylaminopyridines. Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Husinec Suren , Markovic Rade , Petkovic Milos , Nasufovic Veselin , Savic Vladimir
Published: August 2011

The cyclization to the biologically important heterocyclic skeleton is best accomplished using pyridines which bear Boc‐protected N‐propargyl side chains.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Pd‐Catalyzed sp3 C—H Olefination: A Route to Both N‐Heterocyclic Scaffolds and Alkenes.
Authors: Stowers Kara J. , Fortner Kevin C. , Sanford Melanie S.
Published: August 2011

The Pd‐catalyzed olefination and cyclization of various 2‐alkylpyridines and α,β‐unsaturated alkenes utilizes air as the terminal oxidant and provides a conceptually novel entry to 6,5‐nitrogen heterocycles, which constitute the cores of numerous alkaloid natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐(Aminoalkyl) Substituted 1,3‐Dioxanes as Potent NMDA and σ Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Utech Tina , Koehler Jens , Wuensch Bernhard
Published: August 2011

Diverse 4‐(aminoalkyl) substituted 1,3‐dioxanes (VII) and (X)‐(XII) are tested for their binding affinity to NMDA and σ receptors.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Green Chemical Approach for the Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Spiroheterocycles with Fused Heterosystems.
Authors: Arya Anand Kumar , Kumar Mahendra
Published: August 2011

A simple, convenient, environmentally benign, and mild synthetic method for the synthesis of the title compounds (IV), (VI), (VIII), and (X) with a green and recyclable catalyst is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinoxaline Synthesis in Novel Tandem One‐Pot Protocol.
Authors: Kumar B. S. P. Anil , Madhav B. , Reddy K. Harsha Vardhan , Nageswar Y. V. D.
Published: August 2011

A broad spectrum of highly substituted, biologically interesting title compounds is prepared in water and absence of any catalyst via bromination of β‐dicarbonyl compounds, followed by condensation of the resulting bromides with phenylenediamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Asymmetric Disproportionation Reactions: Metal/Broensted Acid Relay Catalysis for Enantioselective Reduction of Quinoxalines.
Authors: Chen Qing‐An , Wang Duo‐Sheng , Zhou Yong‐Gui , Duan Ying , Fan Hong‐Jun , Yang Yan , Zhang Zhang
Published: August 2011

Employing hydrogen gas as the reductant makes the self‐transfer disproportionation of in‐situ generated dihydroquinoxalines an ideal atom‐economical process.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalysis: 1,3‐Oxazines by Cyclization of Allene Amides.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schuster Andreas M. , Litters Sebastian , Rominger Frank , Pernpointner Markus
Published: August 2011

In gold‐catalyzed reactions, allenamides mainly afford 1,3‐oxazines through atypical 6‐exo‐dig or 6‐endo‐dig cyclizations.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationship of 4‐Hydroxy‐N′‐ [1‐phenylethylidene]‐2H/2‐methyl‐1,2‐benzothiazine‐3‐carbohydrazide 1,1‐Dioxides as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Ahmad Naveed , Zia‐ur‐Rehman Muhammad , Siddiqui Hamid Latif , Ullah Muhammad Fasih , Parvez Masood
Published: August 2011

Most of the synthesized compounds are found to possess moderate to significant antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Acylaminophenothiazines: Neuroprotective Agents Displaying Multifunctional Activities for a Potential Treatment of Alzheimer′s Disease.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Franco Maria Isabel , et al. et al.
Published: August 2011

The novel title compounds (IV) display interesting pharmacological properties regarding their ability to selectively inhibit butyrylcholinesterase and protect neurons against oxidative stress whilst displaying low toxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Insecticidal Activity of the Optical Active Neonicotinoid Analogues.
Authors: Xue Sijia , Bu Hongfei , Liu Li , Xu Xiao , Ma Xubo
Published: August 2011

Compounds (IVc) and (IVf) exhibit comparatively good activity against Nilaparvata legen.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1,3‐Dihalopropan‐2‐ones with 2‐Sulfanylbenzoic Acid Mono‐ and Disodium Salts.
Authors: Tokareva I. A. , Shagun L. G. , Dorofeev I. A. , Shagun V. A. , Voronkov M. G.
Published: August 2011

The title reactions provide access to macrocyclic compound (V) and benzothiocinedione (VII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of P‐Stereogenic Aminophosphines: Ring Opening of Bulky Oxazaphospholidines.
Authors: Leon Thierry , Riera Antoni , Verdaguer Xavier
Published: August 2011

The ring opening of oxazaphospholidine—borane complex (I) with Grignard compounds proceeds with inversion of the configuration at the phosphorus center to give (indanylamino)phosphine—borane complexes as single diastereoisomers in most cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation of S‐Hydrogen Phosphorothioates.
Authors: Santschi Nico , Togni Antonio
Published: August 2011

Treatment of phosphorothioates of type (III) with the iodo compound (IV) allows access to various biologically important S‐trifluoromethylated phosphorothioates.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of a New Series of Isoxazolidine Based Nucleoside Analogues.
Authors: Piotrowska Dorota G. , Cieslak Marcin , Krolewska Karolina , Wroblewski Andrzej E.
Published: August 2011

A new approach to the synthesis of 5‐arylisoxazolidine‐3‐phosphonates (III) (10 examples) utilizing 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitrone (I) to styrenes is accomplished.
ChemInform Abstract: The GAP Chemistry for Chiral N‐Phosphonyl Imine‐Based Strecker Reaction.
Authors: Kaur Parminder , Wever Walter , Pindi Suresh , Milles Raizada , Gu Peng , Shi Min , Li Guigen
Published: August 2011

The presented asymmetric synthesis of the compounds (III) includes the use of a non‐volatile and inexpensive cyanide source with iPrOH as co‐additive.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Phenylation of N‐Phosphinoylarylimines with Triphenylborane.
Authors: Hao Xinyu , Chen Qian , Kuriyama Masami , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Yamamoto Yasutomo , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: August 2011

The proline‐derived catalyst (I) is effective in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Salt, a Cheap, Highly Efficient and Environment‐Friendly Metal Catalyst for Se—Se Bond Cleavage and Further Reaction with Methylenecyclopropanes under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Yu Lei , Ren Lingfeng , Yi Rong , Wu Yulan , Chen Tian , Guo Rong
Published: August 2011

Monosubstituted methylene cyclopropanes react with diphenyl diselenide to afford 1,1‐diphenylselenylcyclobutanes (III) with high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioconvergent Hydroboration of a Racemic Allene: Enantioselective Synthesis of (E)‐δ‐Stannyl‐anti‐homoallylic Alcohols via Aldehyde Crotylboration.
Authors: Chen Ming , Roush William R.
Published: August 2011

The hydroboration of racemic allenes with (+)‐diisopinocampheylborane converts both allene enantiomers into the same intermediate, which by reaction with aldehydes affords the title alcohols in excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids by Gold(I)‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes.
Authors: Dupuy Stephanie , Lazreg Faima , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: August 2011

Gold(I)‐aryl complexes (III) are synthesized under mild conditions from a gold(I) hydroxo precursor without the need for silver co‐catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkoxyamine‐Cyanoborane Adducts: Efficient Cyanoborane Transfer Agents.
Authors: Marquez Jose M. , Martinez‐Castro Elisa , Gabrielli Serena , Lopez Oscar , Maya Ines , Angulo Manuel , Alvarez Eleuterio , Fernandez‐Bolanos Jose G.
Published: August 2011

Previously unknown zwitterionic alkoxyamino cyanoboranes are synthesized and successfully used as novel boron transfer agents towards aliphatic amines including amnosugars [→ (V), (VII)].
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Acylation and Sulfation of Carbohydrates Using Sulfamic Acid, a Mild, Eco‐Friendly Catalyst under Organic Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Santra Abhishek , Guchhait Goutam , Misra Anup Kumar
Published: August 2011

In the presence of the title catalyst fast and efficient acylation of carbohydrate derivatives, e.g. (I), and free sugars, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzamides and Quinazolines from a Mangrove Actinomycetes Streptomyces sp. (No. 061316) and Their Inhibiting Caspase‐3 Catalytic Activity in vitro
Authors: Yao Xinsheng , et al. et al.
Published: August 2011

isolation, structure and inhibitory effects of one new benzamide (I), two known benzamides and three known quinazolines on Caspase‐3 in vitro
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (.+‐.) Travoprost and Its Analogues.
Authors: Mudduluru Harikrishna , Hindupur Rama M. , Dubey Pramod K. , Madhavaram Shankar , Tatini Lakshmikumar , Subbaraju Gottumukkala V.
Published: August 2011

Starting from the known intermediate (I), a new synthetic approach to the prostaglandin analogue and antiglaucoma agent travoprost (VIIb) and its derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,6,7‐Tri‐epi‐invictolide, a Diastereomer of Queen Recognition Pheromone, and Its Analogue from a Marine‐Derived Actinomycete.
Authors: Sato Seizo , Iwata Fumie , Yamada Shoichi , Kawahara Hiroyuki
Published: August 2011

Stereochemistry and biosynthetic origin of tri‐epi‐invictolide (Ia) and its analog (Ib) are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Total Synthesis of Tarennane, a Potent Antioxidant Chalcone Constituent from Tarenna Attenuate or Magnolia Officinalis.
Authors: Yang Jincheng , Yang Tao , Luo Youfu , He Jun , Shi Jianyou , Peng Aihua
Published: August 2011

Title compound (IV), a naturally occurring antioxidant, is synthesized for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolytes
Authors: Lo Faro Massimiliano , La Rosa Daniela , Antonucci Vincenzo , Arico Antonino Salvatore
Published: August 2011

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microporous Magnets
Authors: Dechambenoit Pierre , Long Jeffrey R.
Published: August 2011

Review: emphasis on synthetic strategies and possible routes to new materials with improved properties; 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoscale Polyoxometalate‐based Inorganic/Organic Hybrids
Authors: Song Yu‐Fei , Long De‐Liang , Ritchie Chris , Cronin Leroy
Published: August 2011

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Cobalt and Manganese Oxide Clusters as Efficient Water Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Jiao Feng , Frei Heinz
Published: August 2011

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Oligomeric and Polymeric Copper Coordination Compounds Assembled by Thioether Ligands
Authors: Knorr Michael , Guyon Fabrice
Published: August 2011

Review: 178 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallographic and Structural Characterization of Heterometallic Platinum Compounds. Part 1. Heterobinuclear Pt Compounds
Authors: Holloway Clive E. , Melnik Milan
Published: August 2011

Review: 239 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation Reactions in Continuous‐Flow Reactors
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Glasnov Toma N. , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: August 2011

Review: 232 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligopyrrole Macrocycles: Receptors and Chemosensors for Potentially Hazardous Materials
Authors: Rambo Brett M. , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: August 2011

Review: 157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopalladated Complexes in Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Dunina V. V. , Gorunova O. N. , Zykov P. A. , Kochetkov K. A.
Published: August 2011

Review: 178 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Activation of the Greenhouse Gas CO2
Authors: Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Weigand Wolfgang
Published: August 2011

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Extroverted Confusion — Linus Pauling, Melvin Calvin and Porphyrin Isomers
Authors: Senge Mathias O.
Published: August 2011

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Transition Metal Catalysts for Hydrodechlorination Reactions
Authors: Keane Mark A.
Published: August 2011

Review: overview of existing methods, benefits of catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) over separation/oxidation methods, detailed considerations of liquid phase HDC of chlorophenols over Al supported Pd and gas phase conversion of halogenated aromatics over silica supported Ni; 321 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mannich—Michael versus Formal aza‐Diels—Alder Approaches to Piperidine Derivatives
Authors: Girling P. Ricardo , Kiyoi Takao , Whiting Andrew
Published: August 2011

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Niric Oxide Donors Activated by Two‐Photon Excitation
Authors: Hishikawa Kazuhiro , Nakagawa Hidehiko , Miyata Naoki
Published: August 2011

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Catalytic Metal‐Free Reductions: From Bio‐inspired Concepts to Applications in the Organocatalytic Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Products
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Dufour Jeremy , Schoepke Fenja R.
Published: August 2011

Review: 256 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in the Ligation Chemistry for Glycoprotein Synthesis
Authors: Hojo Hironobu , Katayama Hidekazu , Nakahara Yoshiaki
Published: August 2011

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Epipolythiodiketopiperazine Alkaloids. Total Syntheses and Biological Activities
Authors: Iwasa Eriko , Hamashima Yoshitaka , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: August 2011

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Charge‐Transfer Salts and the Component Molecules in Organic Transistors
Authors: Mori Takehiko
Published: August 2011

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Algae as a Source of Renewable Chemicals: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Foley Patrick M. , Beach Evan S. , Zimmerman Julie B.
Published: August 2011

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Liquefaction to Convert Biomass into Crude Oil
Authors: Zhang Yuanhui
Published: August 2011

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Noble Metal Nanoparticles as Photo/Sono‐Catalysts for Synthesis of Chemicals and Degradation of Pollutants
Authors: Wen Bo , Ma Jia Hai , Chen Chun Cheng , Ma Wan Hong , Zhu Huai Yong , Zhao Jin Cai
Published: August 2011

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Semiexperimental Equilibrium Structures: Computational Aspects
Authors: Vazquez Juana , Stanton John F.
Published: August 2011

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylate‐Assisted, Transition Metal Catalyzed C—H Bond Functionalizations: Mechanism and Scope
Authors: Ackermann Lutz
Published: August 2011

Review: 376 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography in the Characterization of Glycoproteins
Authors: Nettleship Joanne E.
Published: August 2011

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids in Solid‐Phase Microextraction
Authors: Ho Tien‐D. , Canestraro Anthony J. , Anderson Jared L.
Published: August 2011

Review: 64 refs.
Theoretical Study on Cooperativity Effects between Anion–π and Halogen‐Bonding Interactions
Authors: Estarellas Carolina , Frontera Antonio , Quiñonero David , Deyà Pere M.
Published: August 2011

This article analyzes the interplay between lone pair–π (lp–π) or anion–π interactions and halogen‐bonding interactions. Interesting cooperativity effects are observed when lp/anion–π and halogen‐bonding interactions coexist in the same complex, and they are found even in systems in which the distance between the anion and halogen‐bond donor molecule is longer than 9 Å. These effects are studied theoretically in terms of energetic and geometric features of the complexes, which are computed by ab initio methods. Bader′s theory of “atoms in molecules” is used to characterize the interactions and to analyze their strengthening or weakening depending upon the variation of charge density at critical points. The physical nature of the interactions and cooperativity effects are studied by means of molecular interaction potential with polarization partition scheme. By taking advantage of all aforementioned computational methods, the present study examines how these interactions mutually influence each other. Additionally, experimental evidence for such interactions is obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD).
Design of nonlinear PID control systems using boosting algorithm
Authors: Kawanari Sho , Ohnishi Yoshihiro
Published: August 2011

There are many nonlinear systems among process control systems. However, it is difficult to handle nonlinear properties with a linear controller. Thus, various methods have been studied in this field. On the other hand, a scheme called boosting has been proposed in the machine learning field. This scheme can obtain highly accurate conditions by combining less‐accurate conditions. Boosting can obtain better results than a neural network with fewer learning data. In this paper, we propose a method for the design of nonlinear PID control systems using the boosting algorithm. The original boosting is capable of dealing only with two‐valued variables, and thus we extend the algorithm for function approximation using it. Finally, simulation examples are presented in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(9): 52–58, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10310
Aminobromination of β‐Nitrostyrene Derivatives with N,N‐Dibromourethane as the Aminobrominating Reagent
Authors: Chen Zhan‐Guo , Zhao Peng‐Fei , Wang Yun
Published: August 2011

A concise and efficient aminobromination reaction for β‐nitrostyrene derivatives by treatment with N,N‐dibromourethane was developed. For the β‐nitrostyrene derivatives, the aminobromination successfully proceeded at room temperature in CH3CN without catalysis or protection by an inert gas and gave products in excellent yields (80–97 %). For the β‐methyl analogs, the reaction proceeded smoothly with anhydrous K2CO3 as a catalyst under the same conditions to provide the aminobrominated products in good yields (53–78 %). A possible pathway for this electrophilic addition reaction is proposed.
Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of 3‐Aryloxindoles to Phenyl Vinyl Sulfone Catalyzed by Cinchona Alkaloid‐Derived Bifunctional Amine–Thiourea Catalysts Bearing Sulfonamide as Multiple Hydrogen‐Bonding Donors
Authors: Zhao Mei‐Xin , Tang Wen‐Hao , Chen Ming‐Xiao , Wei Deng‐Ke , Dai Tong‐Lei , Shi Min
Published: August 2011

A highly enantioselective Michael addition of 3‐aryloxindole to phenyl vinyl sulfone catalyzed by a quinine‐derived bifunctional amine–thiourea‐bearing sulfonamide as multiple hydrogen‐bonding donor catalyst has been investigated. The corresponding adducts, which contain a chiral quaternary carbon center at the 3‐position of the oxindole, were obtained in moderate‐to‐good yields (52–86 %) with high‐to‐excellent enantioselectivities (83–98 % ee).
Synthesis of Pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles through a Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade C–N Coupling Process
Authors: Wu Zhiqing , Huang Qing , Zhou Xiangge , Yu Lintao , Li Zhengkai , Wu Di
Published: August 2011

A simple and efficient method for the preparation ofpyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles by a copper‐catalyzed inter‐ and intramolecular C–N coupling cascade process was designed and carried out, and the products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields (up to 93 %).
The Water Uptake of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Solid‐Contact Calcium‐Selective Electrodes
Authors: Lindfors Tom , Sundfors Fredrik , Höfler Lajos , Gyurcsányi Róbert E.
Published: August 2011

A hyphenated method based on FTIR‐ATR and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been applied to simultaneously measure the water uptake, changes in the bulk resistance and potential of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) based Ca2+‐selective coated‐wire (CaCWE) and solid‐contact electrodes (CaSCISEs). Most of the water uptake of the ion‐selective membranes (ISMs) used in both electrode types took place within the first 9 h in 10−3 M CaCl2 showing good correlation with the stabilization of the individual electrode potentials. The bulk resistance of the ISMs of the CaCWEs and the CaSCISEs with poly(3‐octylthiophene) (POT) as the solid‐contact (SC) increased most during the first 18 h in 10−3 M CaCl2. The increase in the resistance was found to be related to the exchange of K+ for Ca2+ in the ISM and the formation of the Ca2+‐ionophore (ETH 5234) complex having a lower diffusivity than the free K+ ions. In contrary to previously published results on silicone rubber based SCISEs and poly(methyl methacrylate):poly(n‐decyl methacrylate) membranes containing POT, the plasticized PVC‐based CaSCISEs with POT as the SC had a higher water uptake than the CaCWEs. The CaSCISEs had a detection limit of 2×10−8 M Ca2+ and a good potential reproducibility of 148.9±1.0 mV in 10−4 M CaCl2.
Comparative study on effect of mixed photosensitizer system for solar energy conversion and storage: Brilliant cresyl blue + toluidine blue–ethylene glycol–NaLS system
Authors: Gangotri K.M. , Kumar Mahawar Amit
Published: August 2011

The efforts have been made to enhance the electrical output, conversion efficiency, and storage capacity of the photogalvanic cell in this research work. It has also been emphasized to reduce the cost of construction of the cell by using cheaper, stable, and very dilute solutions in the photogalvanic cell so developed. A mixture of two photosensitizers (Brilliant cresyl blue + Toluidine blue), ethylene glycol as reductant and sodium lauryl sulphate as surfactant, have been used in photogalvanic cell. The observed values of electrical output‐photopotential, photocurrent, and power of the photogalvanic cell are 871.0 mV, 630.0 μA, and 548.73 μW, respectively. The mixed photosensitizer system can work for 70.0 min in dark to use whenever needed. The observed conversion efficiency of the photogalvanic cell is 1.87%. The effect of various parameters on electrical output has also been studied along with i‐V Characteristics of the photogalvanic cell. A mechanism for the photogeneration of electricity is also proposed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2011
An inventory of the energy use and carbon dioxide emissions from island tourism based on a life cycle assessment approach
Authors: Kuo Nae‐Wen , Lin Chia‐Yun , Chen Pei‐Hun , Chen Yung‐wei
Published: August 2011

Tourism is an economic activity that results in a wide range of environmental impacts. The contribution of tourism to human‐induced climate change is an increasingly important issue. However, the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from tourism products have never been thoroughly discussed. This study uses life cycle assessment (LCA) to explore energy use and CO2 emissions of island tourism and then compare the environmental loads of different tourism subsectors.

This study uses three Taiwanese islands (Penghu, Kinmen, and Green islands) as examples to examine the LCA approach, and it calculates and compares the energy usage and CO2 emissions of the transportation, accommodation, and recreation activity sectors. Results show that each tourist consumes 502, 447, and 118 MJ of energy per day on Penghu, Kinmen, and Green islands, respectively. Each tourist also generates 34.0, 27.9, and 7.1 kg of CO2 emissions on Penghu, Kinmen, and Green islands, respectively. Each Penghu tourist per day consumes 4.25 times as much energy as each Green tourist, and each Penghu tourist generates 4.7 times the CO2 emissions as each Green tourist. In summary, the transportation sector generates the largest energy (49–67%) and the largest proportion of CO2 emissions (58–72.4%); the airplane sector is the primary contributor. Finally, this study discuses the advantages and limitations of the LCA approach. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Mathematical modeling of chloroform adsorption onto fixed‐bed columns of highly siliceous granular zeolites
Authors: Abu‐Lail Laila , Bergendahl John A. , Thompson Robert W.
Published: August 2011

Adsorption of chloroform to granular ZSM‐5 zeolite in fixed‐bed columns was measured and the breakthrough curves predicted with a film‐pore and surface diffusion (FPSD) model. Parameters for the FPSD model were estimated from published correlations and from data taken from batch adsorption rate studies. It was found that the adsorption rate was enhanced with decrease in particle size, however, the total adsorption capacity using granular ZSM‐5 with different particle sizes remained constant. The FPSD model accounted for the effects of axial dispersion, external film transfer resistance, and intraparticle mass transfer resistances. Generally, good agreement between the simulated results and the experimental data was obtained. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the relative impact of kinetic parameters on the FPSD model predicted breakthrough profiles and showed that the model calculations were insensitive to either the effective pore diffusivity coefficient (Dp,e) or the axial dispersion coefficient (Ez), but were sensitive to the external mass transfer coefficient (kf). The large impact of kf on the results and the relatively low Biot numbers determined by the FPSD model indicated that under the experimental conditions employed in the study, film diffusion was the primary controlling mass transfer mechanism. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Studies on adsorption of cr(vi) onto strychnos potatorum seed from aqueous solution
Authors: Lakshmipathiraj P. , Umamaheswari S. , Raju G. Bhaskar , Prabhakar S. , Caroling G. , Kato S. , Kojima T.
Published: August 2011

The removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using the seeds of the plant species Strychnos potatorum was studied. The plant is popularly known as Nirmali tree, grown all over India. The dried Nirmali seeds were powdered and used as adsorbent. The SEM‐EDX and FT‐IR spectrum of the adsorbent revealed that the powder is fibrous in nature and contains functional groups such as —OH and —COOH. The zeta potential measurements indicated negative surface charge beyond the pH of 1.50. Batch type experiments were conducted to study the influence of pH and initial Cr(VI) concentration on the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Maximum removal of Cr(VI) was observed at pH 1.0. The adsorption equilibrium was attained within a sort contact time of 4 min and the maximum uptake of Cr(VI) was found to be 59 mg g−1. The influence of anions such as Cl−, NO3−, and SO42− on Cr(VI) removal was investigated and found that the removal was slightly affected in the presence of NO3− and SO42−. The rate of removal of Cr(VI) was found to obey pseudo second order rate equation. The high free energy value of adsorption (ΔG = −137 kJ mol−1) indicated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on Nirmali seed powder was mainly attributed due to chemical and electrostatic interaction. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 35–41, 2013.
Osteosarcoma of the jaw in children and young adults
Authors: Huh Winston W. , Holsinger F. Christopher , Levy Alejandro , Palla F. Shana L. , Anderson Peter M.
Published: August 2011

Background

Pediatric jaw osteosarcoma is uncommon, and data are scarce regarding clinical presentation, prognostic factors, and outcome.

Methods

A single‐institution medical record review from 1983 to 2008 for 12 patients age ≤21 years was undertaken for this study.

Results

Median diagnosis age was 16.3 years (range, 6.3–21.9). Nine patients had mandible tumors. Osteoblastic subtype was most common (4 patients). Most tumors were large (ie, T2; n = 8) and high‐grade (n = 8). Treatment characteristics were varied. Median follow‐up was 27.1 months (range, 8–252 months). Five patients had tumor necrosis <80% after chemotherapy. No deaths were observed.

Conclusion

Jaw osteosarcoma outcome is better compared to extremity osteosarcoma, but further study is required regarding clinical prognostic factors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012