bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
German-Speaking Émigré Economists in Great Britain and the Analysis of the German War Economy
Authors: Hagemann Harald
Published: August 2024

The need for analysis of the German war economy became urgent after the defeat of France and the threat of an invasion of Britain by Nazi Germany after the battle of Dunkirk in the summer of 1940. The expertise of émigré scholars now was in strong demand. First, this essay discusses the series of twelve articles that Hans Singer contributed at the request of Keynes to the Economic Journal from 1940 to 1944. An important characteristic of war economies is a shortage of consumer goods, which raises the question of the appropriate rationing scheme. Therefore, the notion of a virtual price system, introduced by Erwin Rothbarth, which takes note of the welfare consequences of interventions into the free choices of consumers, is the focus of the next section. Hal C. Hillmann was a leading analyst of the German war economy, the comparative strength of the great powers, and postwar reconstruction. Finally, the article discusses the role of Nicholas Kaldor, who had firsthand knowledge as a key member of the research team of highbrow economists chaired by John Kenneth Galbraith that at the end of the war studied the effects of Allied bombing on the German war economy. Kaldor's experience, also as the director of the Research and Planning Division of the UN Economic Commission for Europe from 1947 to 1949, significantly influenced his pioneering contributions to growth theory.
Absenting as a Repertoire of Action
Authors: Stamatopoulou-Robbins Sophia
Published: August 2024

This article draws on fieldwork in the West Bank (2007–2017) to understand how dispossession and ruination are not only spatialized, but engaged and remade. It examines experiences of a settler frontier in Faqu'a, a Palestinian village. People there have a visual vantage point onto the majority of the village lands, which have been expropriated by Israel. Following a demolition by Israel, Faqu'ans have transformed this frontier site from a place for home-building, first into a garbage dump and then, most recently, into a garden. Faqu'ans’ shifting engagements with this site reveal that edgeness, which seems to characterize this location, is not a naturally occurring status. Edges are made. Faqu'ans periodically adjust their proximity to Faqu'a's eastern edge. By examining different people's engagements with one site over a long duration, what the article calls “absenting” comes into view as a primary means by which people adjust proximity to an edge. Proximity can be temporal, spatial, and affective. Absenting is a particularly useful technique under conditions of extreme duress, such as those arising out of life on a frontier that seeks one's disappearance.
The Radical Instability of the Present
Authors: Cole Camille Lyans
Published: August 2024

This article uses Muhammad Khudayyir's novel-memoir Basrayatha as a loose theoretical framework to explore the ramifications of a not-yet-built infrastructure, tracing how late Ottoman officials, intellectuals, and engineers thought about the not-yet-built Baghdad Railway and the land it was meant to transform. Examining how railway boosters, Ottoman officials, and engineers located the region's “truth” and future in a lost past, the article argues that making this connection depended on cultivating material and discursive absence in the “ruined” present. The article highlights how practical techniques for making place into the kind of “space” where homogenous time could march forward coexisted with grandiose visions of future prosperity inspired both by the distant past and by the present of places like Egypt. In contrast to analyses that have emphasized the uncertainty of past and/or future, this article argues that the present was the problem because it was fundamentally unknowable—and that this very unknowability allowed railway advocates to absent the extended present of ruin from an idea of the truth of Iraq, instead drawing a direct line between past and future prosperity.
Generation and characterization of a novel mouse model of Becker Muscular Dystrophy with a deletion of exons 52 to 55
Authors: Perillat Lucie O. M. , Wong Tatianna W. Y. , Maino Eleonora , Ahmed Abdalla , Scott Ori , Hyatt Elzbieta , Delgado-Olguin Paul , Visuvanathan Shagana , Ivakine Evgueni A. , Cohn Ronald D.
Published: August 2024

Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) is a rare X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorder frequently caused by in-frame deletions in the DMD gene that result in the production of a truncated, yet functional, dystrophin protein. The consequences of BMD-causing in-frame deletions on the organism are difficult to predict, especially in regard to long-term prognosis. Here, we employed CRISPR-Cas9 to generate a new Dmd del52-55 mouse model by deleting exons 52-55, resulting in a BMD-like in-frame deletion. To delineate the long-term effects of this deletion, we studied these mice over 52 weeks by performing histology and echocardiography analyses and assessing motor functions. Our results suggest that a truncated dystrophin is sufficient to maintain wildtype-like muscle and heart histology and functions in young mice. However, the truncated protein appears insufficient to maintain normal muscle homeostasis and protect against exercise-induced damage at 52 weeks. To further delineate the effects of this exon52-55 in-frame deletion, we performed RNA-Seq pre- and post-exercise and identified several differentially expressed pathways that reflect the abnormal muscle phenotype observed at 52 weeks in the BMD model.
Direct targeting of host microtubule and actin cytoskeletons by a chlamydial pathogenic effector protein
Authors: Höhler Mona , Alcázar-Román Abel R. , Schenk Katharina , Aguirre-Huamani Mac Pholo , Braun Corinna , Zrieq Rafat , Mölleken Katja , Hegemann Johannes H. , Fleig Ursula
Published: August 2024

To propagate within a eukaryotic cell, pathogenic bacteria hijack and remodulate host cell functions. The Gram-negative obligate intracellular Chlamydiaceae, which pose a serious threat to human and animal health, attach to host cells and inject effector proteins that reprogram host cell machineries. Members of the conserved chlamydial TarP family have been characterized as major early effectors that bind to and remodel the host actin cytoskeleton. We now describe a new function for the Chlamydia pneumoniae TarP member CPn0572, namely the ability to bind and alter the microtubule cytoskeleton. Thus, CPn0572 is unique in being the only prokaryotic protein that directly modulates both dynamic cytoskeletons of a eukaryotic cell. Ectopically expressed GFP–CPn0572 associates in a dose-independent manner with either cytoskeleton singly or simultaneously. In vitro, CPn0572 binds directly to microtubules. Expression of a microtubule-only CPn0572 variant resulted in the formation of an aberrantly thick, stabilized microtubule network. Intriguingly, during infection, secreted CPn0572 also colocalized with altered microtubules, suggesting that this protein also affects microtubule dynamics during infection. Our analysis points to a crosstalk between actin and microtubule cytoskeletons via chlamydial CPn0572.
The pressures within a changing landscape: How indigenous joint management is changing conservation management practices in Western Australia
Authors: Jones Roy , Jones Tod , Fort Warrick , Leenders Xavier
Published: August 2024

In 2011, Western Australia introduced the requirement of “protecting and conserving the value of the land to the culture and heritage of Aboriginal persons” into the state’s Conservation and Land Management Act. While bringing little change to the Indigenous Traditional Owners’ perspectives on land management, this became a powerful driver of change within the Western Australian government since it mandates ongoing collaboration between the staff of a government department and diverse groups of Aboriginal people who have different priorities, understandings of land management and decision-making structures to those of the state. These differences between Traditional Owners and conservation managers have both demanded changes to conservation management practices and procedures and generated a source of tension that portends further changes in the state’s conservation management practices. Based on 17 interviews with Traditional Owners, state-employed conservation managers and non-Indigenous land managers working in Aboriginal organisations, we consider how joint management practices are changing the nature of official conservation management. We document the progress and achievements of joint management to date, notably in the mutual appreciation of cultural and ontological differences and identify the lack of congruence between Indigenous and non-Indigenous boundaries and timeframes as sources of tension and issues requiring ongoing improvements in joint management collaborations.
Proteomics analysis of carcinogenesis in a rat model of mammary cancer induced by DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene)
Authors: Pratama Dyah Ayu Oktavianie Ardhiana , Cahyati Anggun Nur , Kustiati Ulayatul , Hardian Andreas Bandang , Permata Fajar Shodiq
Published: August 2024

Background: Mammary cancer, called breast cancer in humans, results from the abnormal growth of cells in the mammary glands that attack the surrounding tissue. The process of carcinogenesis at the molecular level can be monitored through the production of proteins as biomarkers for carcinogenesis. 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) is a known carcinogenic compound. This study aimed to analyze the proteomic profile as critical data regarding DMBA-induced carcinogenesis in Sprague‒Dawley rats. Methods: Experimental animals were divided into two groups: a treatment group given DMBA at a dose of 10 mg/kg (intramammary) at intervals of 48 hours for a total of 10 doses, and a negative control group that was not given any treatment. Measurement of the total protein concentration was carried out using a spectrophotometer, and the data were analyzed using a t-test, while the characterization of protein profiles was carried out based on molecular weight data using SDS‒PAGE. Mammary gland histopathology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The results showed a significant (p<0.05) increase of 27% in the total protein concentration in the rat mammary cancer model. The results of proteomic characterization showed a protein profile containing proteins of 187, 169, 68, 64, 53, 41, 24, 18, and 14 kDa, which were suspected to be HER-2, Nischarin, COX-2, Albumine, Vimentin, ACTB, TNF, p16, and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), respectively. Histopathology of the mammary glands showed an irregular and indistinct arrangement of the alveoli and extensive epithelial cell proliferation from the surface to the lumen of the mammary ducts, and the mammary stroma showed the formation of new epithelial cells, which were cancer cells that spread to surrounding tissue. Conclusions: The proteomic profile was strongly associated with morphological alterations in mammary carcinogenesis in a rat model of DMBA-induced mammary cancer.
Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia
Authors: Sutrisno Dewayany , Suwarno Yatin , Rahadiati Ati , Habibie Muhammad Iqbal , Putra Prabu Kresna , Prayogi Hari , Widodo Amien , Sabrina Fathia Zulfati , Kosasih Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Background The danger of earthquakes poses a serious threat to people worldwide. One of the most significant challenges is preparing communities to cope effectively with this disaster. Therefore, understanding earthquake hazards is critically important for preparedness, mitigation, and an effective response to this threat. This report aims to observe and conduct a preliminary assessment of the degree to which community preparedness for earthquake disasters has been implemented. Methods Empirical data were obtained from survey respondents and interviews. The respondents were members of a community affected by the Cianjur earthquake, which occurred on November 21, 2022. The data were analysed using the mean range approach, based on Likert scales. Additionally, the Spearman correlation method was employed to indicate the relationship between community awareness and infrastructure readiness. Result Based on empirical evidence and preliminary analysis, it is evident that the preparedness of the community to respond effectively to earthquake catastrophes is inadequate. An apparent lack of readiness is observed in the inadequate construction of housing that fails to meet disaster standards, and the absence of disaster response facilities is notable. Conclusions Based on our initial assumption, it appears that knowledge related to disaster resilience in this area has not been adequately disseminated or socialized. However, this premise requires further investigation.
Taxonomy of interventions at academic institutions to improve research quality
Authors: R Davidson Alexandra , Barbour Virginia , Nakagawa Shinichi , O Holcombe Alex , Fidler Fiona , P Glasziou Paul
Published: August 2024

Background Research waste has become an increasing issue for research institutions and researchers due to poor research reproducibility and replicability. Interventions to improve research quality at research institutions are important to reduce research waste. This review aims to identify and classify possible interventions to improve research quality, reduce waste, and improve reproducibility and replicability within research-performing institutions. Methods Steps to develop the taxonomy were 1) Use an exemplar paper looking at journal-level interventions to improve research quality, 2) Adapt intervention titles to align with Michie’s behaviour change wheel, 3) Conduct a 2-stage search in PubMed using seed articles and reviews, and a forward and backward citation search to identify articles that evaluated or described the implementation of interventions to improve research quality, 4) Pilot draft taxonomy with researchers at an openscience conference workshop, and 5) Iterative drafting and revisions by the research team. Results Overall, 93 individual interventions were identified through the peer-review literature and researcher reporting. Eleven peer-reviewed articles were identified. Interventions identified covered research stages from before, during, and after study conduct, and whole of institution. Types of intervention included: Tools, Education & Training, Incentives, Modelling and Mentoring, Review & Feedback, Expert involvement, and Policies & Procedures. The taxonomy identified areas for research institutions to focus on to improve research quality, reproducibility, and replicability. Conclusions Areas of focus and future research include improving incentives to implement quality research practices, evaluating current interventions, encouraging no- or low-cost and high-benefit interventions, examining institution culture and individual research ethos, and encouraging researcher mentor-mentee relationships.
Treatment options applied to the preclinical studies using animal models for Chagas Disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Machaca-Luque Laura Yesenia , Candia-Puma Mayron Antonio , Roque-Pumahuanca Brychs Milagros , Barazorda-Ccahuana Haruna Luz , Goyzueta-Mamani Luis Daniel , Sobreira Galdino Alexsandro , Machado-de-Ávila Ricardo Andrez , Cordeiro Giunchetti Rodolfo Cordeiro , Ferraz Coelho Eduardo Antonio , Chavez-Fumagalli Miguel Angel
Published: August 2024

Background Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease endemic to Latin America, has emerged as a global health concern due to the migration of infected individuals. With its epidemiological complexity, by difficulty to obtain appropriate diagnoses and poor treatment, the search for novel therapeutic options remains. Methods In this context, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies employing animal models to verify the progress in CD treatment. We searched the PubMed database for CD treatment studies published between 1990 and 2023, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. Results Twelve papers met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that the fifteen treatment alternatives examined, mainly between 2010 and 2014, demonstrated efficacy in experimental CD models, evidenced by significant parasitemia reduction. Bis-triazole DO870 and VNI were effective in the acute and chronic phases, respectively. However, of these emerging therapies, only posaconazole and fexinidazole have progressed to clinical trials, yielding unsatisfactory outcomes as CD monotherapies Conclusions This meta-analysis highlights the existence of promising new drug candidates for CD treatment, but most remain in the preclinical stages. Those that reached clinical trials did not demonstrate optimal results, underscoring the ongoing challenges in CD therapy. Collaborative efforts among the academic community, pharmaceutical industries, funding agencies, and government agencies are urgently needed to accelerate the development of more effective medications against CD. Inplasy registration INPLASY202430101 (25/03/2024)
Algorithm for Key Transparency with Transparent Logs
Authors: Mollakuqe Elissa , Rexhepi Shasivar , Bunjaku Ridvan , Dag Hasan , Chukwu Ikechukwu John
Published: August 2024

Background Cryptography plays a crucial role in securing digital communications and data storage. This study evaluates the Transparent Key Management Algorithm utilizing Merkle trees, focusing on its performance and security effectiveness in cryptographic key handling. Methods The research employs simulated experiments to systematically measure and analyze key operational metrics such as insertion and verification times. Synthetic datasets are used to mimic diverse operational conditions, ensuring rigorous evaluation under varying workloads and security threats. Implementation is carried out using R programming, integrating cryptographic functions and Merkle tree structures for integrity verification. Results Performance analysis reveals efficient insertion and verification times under normal conditions, essential for operational workflows. Security evaluations demonstrate the algorithm's robustness against tampering, with approximately 95% of keys verified successfully and effective detection of unauthorized modifications. Simulated attack scenarios underscore its resilience in mitigating security threats. Conclusions The Transparent Key Management Algorithm, enhanced by Merkle trees and cryptographic hashing techniques, proves effective in ensuring data integrity, security, and operational efficiency. Recommendations include continuous monitoring and adaptive algorithms to bolster resilience against evolving cybersecurity challenges, promoting trust and reliability in cryptographic operations.
Sudanese totalitarianism: violent jihad as a state policy
Authors: Zielińska Karolina
Published: August 2024

The case of Sudanese violent jihadism is a curious one, starting from 1881–1899 Mahdist’s uprising. Since the 1956 independence, the history of Sudan has been marked by civil wars taking place in various parts of its huge territory; violence under the outwardly jihadist banner culminated in the 1990s. The Islamic state used violent jihad, by the army and by militias, as a way to impose unitary rule and shari’a law upon a significantly diversified population. Jihad was thus called for three purposes: to mobilise resources for fight with non-Muslim southern Sudanese; to consolidate the Muslim north internally in the context of the struggle of the totalitarian regime against opposition and struggles within the regime itself; and also to define the international role of Sudan as a supporter of radical Islamic movements. The case of Sudan is thus one in which violent jihad was part of the state ideology and an instrument of policy.
The influence of socioeconomic characteristics on active travel in US metropolitan areas and the contribution to health inequity
Authors: Younkin Samuel , Fremont Henry , Bratburd Jennifer , De Los Santos Daritza , Patz Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Background The prevalence of chronic disease in the US adult population varies across socioeconomic groups in the USA where approximately six in 10 adults have a chronic condition. Walking or cycling reduces the risk to many of these diseases and is influenced by the built environment, accessibility, and safety. Methods We performed multivariate logistic and linear regression on the Health-Oriented Transportation model parameters using the 2009 and 2017 US National Household Transportation surveys, restricted to adults in major metropolitan areas. Model covariates included socioeconomic and environmental characteristics. Results Using odds ratios (OR) adjusted for model covariates, we observe several significant variables in 2009 and 2017. Residents of households with no cars were more likely to walk or cycle than those with two cars; OR=5.4 (4.8, 6.0). Residents of households in a census block with population density greater than 2,5000 persons/square mile were more likely to walk or cycle than those with a population density of 2000–3999; OR=2.6 (2.3, 2.8). Individuals with a graduate or professional degree were more likely to walk or cycle than those with a high school degree; OR=2.1 (1.9, 2.2). Individuals that self-report as Black or African American, or Asian are less likely to walk or cycle than White; OR=0.60 (0.56, 0.66), OR=0.70 (0.65, 0.75). The proportional increase in all-cause mortality from estimated reductions in physical activity for African American, Asian, and Hispanic populations were 1.0%, 0.7%, 0.8%, respectively. Conclusions Access to automobiles and the surrounding population density are primary factors in the decision to walk or cycle. After adjusting for these and other factors, members of low-income, low-education, Black or African American, and Asian populations in US metropolitan areas are less likely to walk or cycle than high-income, high-education, or White populations and the discrepancy in physical activity is likely to contribute to health inequity.
Organophosphate and carbamate susceptibility profiling of Anopheles gambiae sl. across different ecosystems in southern Benin
Authors: Dossou Camille , Tchigossou Genevieve , Koto Massioudou , Atoyebi Seun Michael , Tossou Eric , Adanzounon Danahé , Ateutchia Ngouanet Sandra , Sina Haziz , Djègbè Innocent , Gbankoto Adam , Wondji Charles , Djouaka Rousseau
Published: August 2024

Background To overcome the spread of high pyrethroid resistance in the main malaria vectors and malaria disease persistence, it is crucial to look for effective and better resistance management strategies. Understanding the phenotypic profile of Anopheles gambiae sl. against alternatives insecticides like organophosphates and carbamates is crucial. Methods Anopheles larvae and pupae were collected from the breeding sites in rice fields, pineapple crop areas, and peri-urban areas. WHO susceptibility tests were conducted on unfed female mosquitoes aged 3–5 days old. Mosquitoes were exposed to malathion 5%, pirimiphos-methyl 0.25%, and bendiocarb 0.1% using the standard WHO protocol. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to detect species, kdr and Ace-1 mutations. Results Anopheles gambiae sl. from Sèdjè-Dénou rice field population was resistant to bendiocarb (0.1%) with a mortality rate of 72.2% whereas Anopheles gambiae sl. populations from Zinvié-Dokomey (rice field), Zè-Tozounmè (pineapple field), and Adjagbo (peri-urban area) were suspected to be resistant with mortality rates of 90%, 93.5%, 95.4% respectively. However, all of them were susceptible to organophosphates (malathion and pirimiphos-methyl) with a mortality rate of 100%. PCR assay revealed that 100% of the mosquitoes tested were Anopheles coluzzii. The frequencies of Ace-1R mutation in all Anopheles coluzzii populations tested were low (3–27%). Conclusions Organophosphates (malathion and pirimiphos-methyl) have maintained their efficacy against Anopheles coluzzii populations from Sèdjè-Dénou (rice field), Zè Tozounmè (pineapple field), Zinvié Dokomey (rice field), or Adjagbo (peri-urban area). The good efficacy of these organophosphates against Anopheles coluzzii populations from the southern part of Benin are observed in the current study. The use of pirimiphos-methyl for IRS in this part of the country would be a successful alternative for malaria control in this area.
The possibilities of additional education in solving the problems of socialization of students with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Skupova Tat'yana
Published: August 2024

The article discusses the problems of social development of students with autism spectrum disorders and the possibilities of solving them in the process of organizing classes in institutions of additional education. The features of the inclusion of such children in joint activities with other children and adults are considered.
THE USE OF MEANS OF STRUCTURING EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING CHEMISTRY AT A MILITARY UNIVERSITY
Authors: Shlyakova Elena
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the problem of presenting educational information in the process of teaching chemistry at a military university using structuring tools. The author describes the most didactically effective approaches to the systematization of educational information and its presentation in the form of structural models, describes the sequence of their development, and provides examples of structured models.
The possibilities of the focus group method in the process of training specialists in the field of social work
Authors: Kopalkina Evgeniya , Zimina Ekaterina
Published: August 2024

The main advantages and disadvantages of the focus group method as a qualitative method of em-pirical research are revealed. The main directions of application of the focus group method are de-fined - the effectiveness of general and private social work technologies, changes in the main char-acteristics of objects and subjects of social work, the development of new forms, technologies, di-rections of social work, the implementation of social work in the non–commercial sector. It is con-cluded that the focus group method is actively used in such areas of social work as education, healthcare, and social protection, and the ability to apply it in practice reflects a high level of train-ing of specialists and a deep understanding of the interdisciplinary connections between sociology and social work.
Socio-economic problems of implementing approaches to training in the links "individual-group-organization", carried out in the interests of increasing the volume of knowledge
Authors: Tebekin A.
Published: August 2024

The relevance of the presented study is determined by the fact that as the post-industrial society develops, more and more attention is paid to the knowledge economy, the basic components of which are the generation and training of new knowledge. At the same time, the accumulation of this knowledge by organizations in the competitive struggle is of fundamental importance. Currently, there are quite a lot of approaches to considering training in the individual-group-organization links both as processes and as modeled structures, including in the interests of the strategic development of the organization. At the same time, an obvious drawback of the known approaches is the hypothesis of a monotonous increase in the volume of knowledge in the organization without taking into account the socio-economic problems arising in the process of acquiring and using new knowledge.
The purpose of the presented studies is to identify the problems of implementing approaches to training in the individual-group-organization links in the interests of increasing the volume of knowledge, conditioned by the socio-economic aspects of acquiring and using new knowledge in a competitive environment, from the standpoint of strategic development.
The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the identification of the key problem of the transition from tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge, caused by agency conflicts associated with the rights to this type of intangible asset between an individual generating new knowledge and an organization seeking to convey this knowledge through training to its employees.
The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of their use in the implementation of approaches to training in the individual-group-organization links both within the framework of the concept of management based on the use of human capital in the 2030s and within the framework of the concept of management based on the use of the intellectual capital of an organization in the 2040s.
The implementation of an event-based approach  in the formation of traditional values based  on the interaction of parents and teachers  at school No. 43 in Yaroslavl
Authors: Tabunova T. , Aleksandrov A.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the implementation of the existential-event approach in the school educational policy of the A.S. Pushkin School No. 43 in Yaroslavl. The authors explore the combination of the event approach with Pushkin's value pedagogy based on the application of models of cultural dialogue and event concentration developed at the school. Special attention is paid to the pedagogical support of the event, reflection and organization of close interaction with parents. The article presents statistical data illustrating the positive dynamics in the implementation of models of school educational policy.
Analysis of the Influence of Corporate Venture Financing on the Development of Innovative Projects in the Enterprise
Authors: Tsiteladze David
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the work is a comparative analysis of corporate venture financing factors that influence the innovative activity of an enterprise. The object of research in the work is the system of financing innovative projects, and the subject of research is the factors influencing the results of the innovative activity of an enterprise.

In the course of the work, the main tasks were solved, which are related to the analysis of factors of corporate ventures development and its growth points, the recognition of international trends in the corporate ventures development and the identification of key indicators of corporate venture financing which are necessary in the development of an effective system for financing innovative projects.

The work shows the conditions and prerequisites for the development of corporate venture capitalism. The result of applying statistical methods (correlation analysis) is identification of four key factors of corporate venture financing that determine the innovative performance of the parent organization.
Platelet-rich plasma in dermatology and aesthetic medicine
Authors: Ochyra Łukasz , Łopuszyńska Anna
Published: August 2024

Introduction and purpose Aesthetic medicine is one of the youngest fields of medicine. Initially, it focused on improving the quality of life of patients by using various treatments aimed at stopping the aging process. Over time, this branch of medicine has developed dynamically, and nowadays the treatments focus not only on improving the appearance of the skin and its defects, but are also used to treat many dermatological problems. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentrate of platelets in a small volume of plasma. having numerous applications in many fields of medicine. The aim of this work is to present the method, focusing on its positive effects in the problems of aesthetic and regenerative medicine, as well as in some dermatological diseases. Material and methods The review was baised on the articles obtained from Pubmed and Google Scholar scientific databases from recent years using the keywords: aesthetic medicine, platelet-rich plasma, dermatology. Results The presence of numerous growth factors and other active ingredients makes the action of PRP comprehensive and based on several mechanisms. Studies show a positive effect, especially in skin rejuvenation and anti-aging prevention, hair reconstruction, wound healing and reconstruction of scars of various etiologies, as well as in pigmentation disorders. Moreover, combining PRP with other methods such as laser therapy or microneedling produces a synergistic effect, improving overall treatment results. Conclusions Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous preparation obtained after centrifugation of blood collected from the patient. The properties of PRP make it widely used in many clinical situations. is used both in aesthetic medicine and in dermatological problems. It should be emphasized that further multi-center studies are needed to standardize treatment protocols and adapt them to specific problems. Keywords: aesthetic medicine, platelet-rich plasma, dermatology.
Pregnancy as a challenge for a patient with schizophrenia
Authors: Bogucka Julia , Brzyska Anna , Bojarska Małgorzata Kinga , Domańska Natalia Anna , Wilczek Natalia Anna , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Schizophrenia affects as many as 24 million people worldwide. Similar to the general population of women, it is estimated that every second woman with schizophrenia becomes a mother. The purpose of the article is to present the difficulties that pregnancy brings for women with schizophrenia in terms of physical and mental health and the course of the disease.
Material and methods: The available literature in English and Polish languages was reviewed by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles published from 2009 to 2023 were selected using the following words: schizophrenia, pregnancy, hormones, treatment and outcomes. The analysis encompassed original studies, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and review articles.
Results: One of the most significant problems related to motherhood among patients with schizophrenia is the lack of access to knowledge about family planning, sexuality and parenting. Women with schizophrenia are more likely to engage in risky sexual contact, and usually their pregnancies are unplanned. The influence of schizophrenia on the course of pregnancy is still not clear. Studies show that changes in hormone levels during pregnancy, especially estrogen levels, play a protective role in the occurrence of schizophrenic episodes. Nonetheless, pregnant women with schizophrenia have higher risk of miscarriage, infant deaths, obesity, gestational diabetes, hypertension and other obstetric complications.
Conclusions: Due to the fact that nowadays more women with schizophrenia may become mothers, it is crucial to provide patients with adequate knowledge about sexual and reproductive life and to ensure them professional, interdisciplinary medical and psychological care during pregnancy.

Keywords: schizophrenia, pregnancy, hormones, treatment, outcomes
Early findings from the Dog Aging Project
Authors: O'Brien Janice
Published: August 2024

Initial cancer findings from the Dog Aging Project reveal that there is no difference in cancer rates between purebred and mixed-breed dogs, that malignant tumours are nearly twice as common as benign tumours (rates of 29.7 per 1000 dogs, and 14.7 per 1000 dogs, respectively) and that skin tumours of the limb or foot are overwhelmingly the most common type of tumour in this cohort of American dogs. Surprisingly, owner-reported perceptions of pet health after a tumour diagnosis were still overwhelmingly positive. These findings generate more hypotheses that require testing, which will be the goal of Dog Aging Project researchers for years to come. Cancer findings from dogs will be very important in translational research to humans.
Fluid therapy for dysnatraemia
Authors: E Minter Lauren , S Waddell Lori
Published: August 2024

Dysnatraemias (water balance disorders, which present as hypo- or hypernatraemia) are a relatively common primary or comorbidity in hospitalised patients and are associated with increased mortality in dogs and cats, particularly if an appropriate therapy is not instituted. Sodium alterations may be caused by derangements in total body sodium, water or both. Determining patient volume status and osmolality is important in establishing differential diagnoses. The goal of treatment is to return serum sodium levels to normal by correcting sodium and water derangements at an appropriate rate to prevent rapid movement of water in or out of the intracranial space and the potential neurological consequences. Development of an appropriate fluid therapy plan and frequent monitoring of sodium levels are essential for successful treatment of these disorders.
Effects of ketogenic diet on cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer's
Authors: Winter George
Published: August 2024

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Optimizing Oxford Shoulder Scores with computerized adaptive testing reduces redundancy while maintaining precision
Authors: Barakat Ahmed , Evans Jonathan , Gibbons Christopher , Singh Harvinder P.
Published: August 2024

Aims

The Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) is a 12-item measure commonly used for the assessment of shoulder surgeries. This study explores whether computerized adaptive testing (CAT) provides a shortened, individually tailored questionnaire while maintaining test accuracy.

Methods

A total of 16,238 preoperative OSS were available in the National Joint Registry (NJR) for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, and the States of Guernsey dataset (April 2012 to April 2022). Prior to CAT, the foundational item response theory (IRT) assumptions of unidimensionality, monotonicity, and local independence were established. CAT compared sequential item selection with stopping criteria set at standard error (SE) < 0.32 and SE < 0.45 (equivalent to reliability coefficients of 0.90 and 0.80) to full-length patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) precision.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for unidimensionality exhibited satisfactory fit with root mean square standardized residual (RSMSR) of 0.06 (cut-off ≤ 0.08) but not with comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.85 or Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) of 0.82 (cut-off > 0.90). Monotonicity, measured by H value, yielded 0.482, signifying good monotonic trends. Local independence was generally met, with Yen’s Q3 statistic > 0.2 for most items. The median item count for completing the CAT simulation with a SE of 0.32 was 3 (IQR 3 to 12), while for a SE of 0.45 it was 2 (IQR 2 to 6). This constituted only 25% and 16%, respectively, when compared to the 12-item full-length questionnaire.

Conclusion

Calibrating IRT for the OSS has resulted in the development of an efficient and shortened CAT while maintaining accuracy and reliability. Through the reduction of redundant items and implementation of a standardized measurement scale, our study highlights a promising approach to alleviate time burden and potentially enhance compliance with these widely used outcome measures.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(8):392–400.
Ethnobiological study of Tumpeng, traditional food in Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: SEPTHIA NABILA DILA , IZDIHAR NISRINA SHOFI , DESTIANI NUR’L FARIDA LUQYANA , RINDIANI NURAFNI , IZDIHAR RINOA SALSABILA , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Septhia ND, Izdihar NS, Destiani NFL, Rindiani N, Izdihar RS, Setyawan AD. 2024. Ethnobiological study of tumpeng, traditional food in Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 7: 61-67. The Javanese ethnic group, which is the largest ethnic population in Indonesia, shows its cultural richness through a variety of traditional foods, one of which is tumpeng. This research aims to find out information about each ingredient in tumpeng, the meaning of tumpeng in various Javanese traditions or ceremonies, and the knowledge of the people in Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia regarding this tradition through ethnobotanical studies. The research method used was observation and interviews with the people of Surakarta City regarding the Tumpengan tradition. Of the 60 respondents from Baluwarti, Kauman, and Mojosongo Villages in Surakarta City, the majority, especially 42 people, showed a "somewhat understand" level of understanding of tumpeng. The locals mention at least 19 plants and 3 animals often used as ingredients in tumpeng, such as coconut, water spinach, spinach, yarlong beans, mung bean sprouts, carrots, cucumber, cabbage, as well as chicken meats and eggs, milkfish, and anchovies. Tumpeng and each food element on it has a deep symbolic meaning for the community which is related to the relationship between humans and God, humans and nature, and humans and humans. For example, side dish such as chicken symbolizes gratitude and peace given by God, and cone-shaped rice shows the hope that there must always be progress and improvement in every life.
Therapeutic use of biologically produced sulfur nanoparticles from Allium fistulosum against antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens
Authors: SADDIQUA AISHA , ULLAH SHAKEEB , KHAN MUHAMMAD SHUAIB , REHMAN SAIFUR , ABUBAKAR ADAMU ABDUL , SAFDAR KAMRAN , ALI SUMERA , JAVARIA SADAF , KANWAL ARZO , BATOOL SYEDA NAYAB , BHATTI FARHEEN , SUCIPTO TEGUH HARI , ANSORI ARIF NUR MUHAMMAD
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Saddiqua A, Ullah S, Khan MS, Rehman S, Abubakar AA, Safdar K, Ali S, Javaria S, Kanwal A, Batool SN, Bhatti F, Sucipto TH, Ansori ANM. 2024. Therapeutic use of biologically produced sulfur nanoparticles from Allium fistulosum against antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens. Biodiversitas 25: 2348-2354. Food spoilage is a significant issue since foodborne illnesses affect millionsworldwide. The main root cause of food spoilage is the presence of microbes, some of which show resistance to commercially available antibiotic drugs. Therefore, it is essential to search for fresh and effective antibacterial medications. Nanotechnology can give solutions to fight against foodborne pathogens. Sulfur nanoparticles show many beneficial and effective results as antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of biologically synthesized sulfur nanoparticles from Allium fistulosum to inhibit antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens. The green synthesis of sulfur nanoparticles was done by combining plant leaf extract with sodium sulfide. This study used the plant Allium fistulosum to make sulfur nanoparticles. The characterization of SNPs was done through a scanning electron microscope, UV spectrophotometer, fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Then, the antimicrobial properties of the bioengineered sulfur-based nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens were checked alone and in combination with market-available antibacterial agents. Aspergillus flavus and Salmonella typhi were among the foodborne pathogens against which SNPs' in-vitro antibacterial activity was tested. Sulfur nanoparticles from Allium fistulosum had 291 nm absorption spectra showing to be almost 100 nm in size and had a spherical shape. The strongest antibacterial efficacy against S. typhi was observed by SNPs (24 mm). Synergistic antibacterial action was seen when nanoparticles were combined with antibiotics of commercial importance. A noticeable antifungal effect against A. flavus was observed by combining SNPs with amphotericin B. The findings of in vitro studies prove that novely designed sulfur nanoparticle have profound impacts on microorganisms. It was also observed that the effect of antibiotics like ampicillin and amphotericin B was enhanced when coupled with nanoparticles.
GC-MS analysis of three Diospyros species and evaluation of its in vitro rat intestinal a-glucosidase and FRAP activity
Authors: HARIYANTO NOVA ALFIAN , RAMADHAN RICO , RAHARJO YANUARDI , FIRDAUS YAZDANIYAR FAJRI HALIMI , KURNIA IRMAYANTI TRI , LESTARI DINDA AYU , SUWANDARI SUHARTINI , MAHMUDA NUR FARIHA , NATHANAEL JOURDHAM , PHONTREE KIETTIPUM , PHUWAPRAISIRISAN PREECHA , RIYADI LUKMAN , RAHMAN ARRIZAL , ABDULGANI NURLITA
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Hariyanto NA, Ramadhan R, Raharjo Y, Firdaus YFH, Kurnia IT, Lestari DA, Suwandari S, Mahmuda NF, Nathanael J, Phontree K, Phuwapraisirisan P, Riyadi L, Rahman A, Abdulgani N. 2024. GC-MS analysis of three Diospyros species and evaluation of its in vitro rat intestinal a-glucosidase and FRAP activity. Biodiversitas 25: 2442-2453. The vast diversity of natural products has long been recognized as a potentially valuable source of bioactive compounds derived from nature. The Diospyros species, belonging to the Ebenaceae family, thrive in tropical forest regions and have been traditionally used for treating various disorders such as ischemic stroke, hypertension, and infectious diseases. This research aims to assess the phytochemical constituents, rat intestinal a-glucosidase, and Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) of non-polar (n-hexane) and semi-polar (dichloromethane) extracts from three Diospyros species, i.e., Diospyros buxifolia (Blume) Hiern; Diospyros celebica Bakh.; Diospyros confertiflora (Hiern) Bakh). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified numerous bioactive secondary metabolites in the extracts. The study revealed that the semi-polar extracts of D. buxifolia exhibited potent rat intestinal a-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with an IC50 value of 33.31±3.23 ug/mL. The IC50 of acarbose as a positive control was 6.31±0.31 ug/mL. The FRAP test demonstrated that the non-polar and semi-polar leaf extracts of the three Diospyros species from East Kalimantan are potential sources of natural antioxidants, with the IC50 in the range of 6.48±0.38 umol Fe/g - 11.35±0.16 umol Fe/g. The results of this study confirm the therapeutic properties of leaf extracts derived from 3 Diospyros species, which align with their traditional medicinal use.