bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NARRATION EN ALTERNANCE ET L’ANTI-DÉTECTIVE DANS JE M’EN VAIS DE JEAN ECHENOZ
Authors: ÇAĞLAKPINAR Bülent
Published: October 2020

Le travail cherche à analyser le roman intitulé Je m’en vais dont le héros Félix Ferrer, propriétaire d'une galerie d'art, voyage au pôle Nord et retourne à Paris avec des objets d'art disparus dans le naufrage d'un bateau, mais ces articles précieux sont volés mystérieusement. Le narrateur narre le voyage pour trouver ces objets, les processus jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient volés et retrouvés en focalisant sur les événements autour du héros. Le protagoniste dépourvu des talents nécessaires pour mener une enquête se figure comme un anti-détective qui obtient ironiquement le résultat d’une manière aléatoire et hasardeuse. En se concentrant sur la structure en alternance et sur le remaniement des conventions romanesques des genres policiers, l’article se donne pour tâche d’étudier la composition divergée de la narration, l’infidélité du narrateur, l’enquête et l’enquêteur du point de vue des théories des mondes possibles, de la narratologie et de la fiction.
Mentalización: encuentros y divergencias con conceptos afines. Una revisión.
Authors: Rueda Mora Ricardo C , Raleigh Betancourt Rosangela , Vinaccia Alpi Stefano
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar una delimitación del concepto de Mentalización dentro del campo de la psicología. Se describen antecedentes históricos y teóricos del tema y se establecen diferencias y similitudes entre éste y otros constructos psicológicos similares como la Teoría de la Mente (ToM), Mindfulness y la Conciencia Afectiva (AC). Por último, se revisan intervenciones clínicas aplicables a la población colombiana.
Síndrome de Wallenberg asociado a una arteria vertebral derecha hipoplásica bifurcada: Primer reporte de un caso en el Perú.
Authors: Campos-Gamarra Rocío , Cerna-Rodríguez Mayra , Camones-Huerta José , Choi Seungseo , Palacios-García Jimmy , Najar-Trujillo Néstor E.
Published: October 2020

El síndrome de Wallenberg es el accidente cerebrovascular isquémico más común de la circulación posterior, causado por una obstrucción aterotrombótica en la arteria vertebral o la arteria cerebelosa posteroinferior. Esta oclusión origina una isquemia en la porción lateral del bulbo que resulta en la triada representativa del síndrome de Horner, ataxia ipsilateral a la lesión y alteraciones sensitivas. El riesgo de padecer este cuadro es mayor si se tiene variaciones anatómicas tales como una arteria vertebral hipoplásica y/o duplicada. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 45 años admitida por hipoestesia en el lado derecho del rostro y en el hemicuerpo izquierdo, así como disfagia y vómitos. La resonancia magnética reveló una lesión isquémica en la zona bulbar lateral derecha; en la angiorresonancia se evidenció una arteria vertebral derecha hipoplásica, en tanto que la angio-TEM del cuello mostró una arteria vertebral derecha hipoplásica y bifurcada. En base a la clínica y exámenes radiológicos se confirmó el diagnóstico de Síndrome de Wallenberg, causado por isquemia en el territorio de la arteria vertebral derecha hipoplásica bifurcada.
CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS AS AN AID TO BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND MICROPALEONTOLOGY: A TEST ON LATE PALEOZOIC MICROFOSSILS
Authors: PIRES DE LIMA RAFAEL , WELCH KATIE F. , BARRICK JAMES E. , MARFURT KURT J. , BURKHALTER ROGER , CASSEL MURPHY , SOREGHAN GERILYN S.
Published: October 2020

Accurate taxonomic classification of microfossils in thin-sections is an important biostratigraphic procedure. As paleontological expertise is typically restricted to specific taxonomic groups and experts are not present in all institutions, geoscience researchers often suffer from lack of quick access to critical taxonomic knowledge for biostratigraphic analyses. Moreover, diminishing emphasis on education and training in systematics poses a major challenge for the future of biostratigraphy, and on associated endeavors reliant on systematics. Here we present a machine learning approach to classify and organize fusulinids—microscopic index fossils for the late Paleozoic. The technique we employ has the potential to use such important taxonomic knowledge in models that can be applied to recognize and categorize fossil specimens. Our results demonstrate that, given adequate images and training, convolutional neural network models can correctly identify fusulinids with high levels of accuracy. Continued efforts in digitization of biological and paleontological collections at numerous museums and adoption of machine learning by paleontologists can enable the development of highly accurate and easy-to-use classification tools and, thus, facilitate biostratigraphic analyses by non-experts as well as allow for cross-validation of disparate collections around the world. Automation of classification work would also enable expert paleontologists and others to focus efforts on exploration of more complex interpretations and concepts.
Peran Pengawasan Orang Tua Terhadap Pengendara Motor di Bawah Umur
Authors: Marwantika Sherli Aulia , Marwantika Asna Istya
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTTraffic accidents involving minors are increasing every year. It was recorded that in the period 2015-2019, more than 139,000 underage motorists were the perpetrators of traffic accidents or an accumulation of around 16% of the total number of accidents in Indonesia. This study aims to discuss the behavior of children after being allowed to ride a motorbike and how parental supervision is concerned with this. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study research design. Data collection techniques were carried out through field observations and direct interviews with informants. The results of the study show 1) The licensing factor from family or parents, the efficiency of time used, as well as invitations from friends and lifestyle, affect minors who already use motorbikes, 2) The impact of underage motorists is a manifestation of self-existence by following the tracks and daring to modify the motorbike on the pretext of making it look cooler. 3) Parents have a very important role in supervising underage rider.ABSTRAKKecelakaan lalu lintas yang melibatkan anak di bawah umur semakin meningkat di setiap tahunnya. Tercatat dalam rentang tahun 2015-2019, lebih dari 139.000 pengendara di bawah umur menjadi pelaku kecelakaan lalu lintas,atau diakumulasi sekitar 16% dari jumlah total kecelakaan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas perilaku anak pasca diperbolehkannya mengendarai motor dan bagaimana pengawasan orang tua dalam menyikapi hal tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain penelitian studi kasus.Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi di lapangan dan melakukan wawancara secara langsung kepada informan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan 1) Faktor perizinan dari keluarga atau orang tua, efisiensi waktu yang digunakan, serta ajakan dari teman dan gaya hidup mempengaruhi anak di bawah umur sudah menggunakan motor, 2) Dampak dari pengendara motor di bawah umur ini merupakan wujud untuk menunjukkan eksistensi diri dengan mengikuti trek-trekan serta berani memodifikasi motor dengan dalih biar terlihat lebih keren.3) Orang tua memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam mengawasi pengendara di bawah umur, Pola pengasuhan yang diterapkan oleh orang tua sangat mempengaruhi pola perilaku dan juga proses pembentukan karakter anak.
The effectiveness and safety of D2 plus para-aortic lymphadenectomy for resectable gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zou Shi-Hui , Zhong Xi , Zhang Jia-Le , Huang Bao-Jun , Xu Hui-Mian , Liu Jin-Xin
Published: October 2020

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is among the malignant tumors of highest morbidity and mortality in the world, and has a profile of high lymph node metastasis rate. Lymph node clearance is a critical part of gastric cancer surgery, however, the extent of lymph node clearance, for example, whether to perform abdominal aortic lymph node dissection, remains considerably controversial. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of D2 plus para-aortic lymphadenectomy (PALD) on survival and postoperative complications in patients with GC.Methods: An electronic search was conducted through PubMed, Embase and cochrane library. The Q test and I2 were used to assess heterogeneity. The publication bias was evaluated via funnel plots. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 14.0 (STATA, College Station, TX).Results: 908 studies were retrieved via literature search and eight studies were finally included. There was no significant difference between D2 and D2+PALD in the 5-year survival rate after surgery (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97-1.03, P = 0.897; I2 = 64.9%). Besides, the 30-day mortality (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.66-2.10, P = 0.590; I2 = 0.0%) and the overall risk of postoperative complications (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.83-1.59, P = 0.411; I2 = 35.5%) were comparable between D2 and D2+PALD.Conclusion: Based on current literature body, compared with D2, D2+PALD does not prevail in terms of long-term survival or perioperative outcomes.
SNX10 and PTGDS are Associated with the Progression and Prognosis of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Pinping , Cao Ying , Gao Feng , Sun Wei , Liu Jinhui , Ma Ziyan , Xie Manxin , Fu Shilong
Published: October 2020

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the primary cause of death in women. This study sought to investigate the potential mechanism and prognostic genes of CC. Methods: We downloaded four gene expression profiles from GEO. The RRA method was used to integrate and screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CC and normal samples. Functional analysis was performed by clusterprofiler. We built PPI network by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database (STRING) and selected hub modules via Molecular COmplex Detection (MCODE). CMap database was used to find molecules with therapeutic potential for CC. The hub genes were validated in GEO datasets, Gene Expession Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), immunohistochemistry, Cox regression analysis, TCGA methylation analysis and ONCOMINE were carried out. ROC curve analysis and GSEA were also performed to describe the prognostic significance of hub genes. Results: Functional analysis revealed that 147 DEGs were significantly enriched in binding, cell proliferation, transcriptional activity and cell cycle regulation. PPI network screened 30 hub genes, with CDK1 having the strongest connectivity with CC. Cmap showed that apigenin, thioguanine and trichostatin A might be used to treat CC(P<0.05). Eight genes (APOD, CXCL8, MMP1, MMP3, PLOD2, PTGDS, SNX10 and SPP1) were screened out through GEPIA. Of them, only PTGDS and SNX10 had not appeared in previous studies about CC. The validation in GEO showed that PTGDS showed low expression in tumor tissues while SNX10 showed high expression in tumor tissues. Their expression profiles were consistent with the results in immunohistochemistry. ROC curve analysis indicated that the model had a good diagnostic efficiency(AUC= 0.738). GSEA showed that the two genes were associated with the chemokine signaling pathway(P<0.05). TCGA methylation analysis showed that patients with lowly-expressed and highly-methylated PTGDS had a worse prognosis than those with highly-expressed and lowly-methylated PTGDS (p=0.037). Cox regression analysis showed that SNX10 and PTGDS were independent prognostic indicators for OS among CC patients(P=0.007 and 0.003). Conclusions: PTGDS and SNX10 showed abnormal expression and methylation in CC. Both genes might have high prognostic value of CC patients..
Efficacy and Safety of Divaza for The Correction of Oxidative Disturbances in Patients with Cerebral Atherosclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fateeva Victoria V. , Lashch Nataliia U. , Kamchatnov Pavel R. , Fedorova Tatiana N. , Muzychuk Olga A. , Khacheva Kristina K. , Pizova Nataliya V. , Malygin Alexander U. , Shavlovskaya Olga A. , Nikulina Kseniya V. , Abrosimov Аlbert V. , Gerasimova Yulia A. , Glushkov Konstantin S. , Lebedeva Anna V.
Published: October 2020

Objective: To determine if Divaza was safe and effective for the correction of oxidative disturbances and to stabilize cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis. Study design: 12-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective trial in parallel groups.Setting: 10 clinical centers across the Russian Federation.Interventions: Patients were randomized into two groups and instructed to take either 2 tablets of the study drug or placebo 3 times per day in conjunction with basic therapy. Outcomes: The primary outcome was a change in the average endogenous antioxidant potential after the completion of the study. The laboratory indicators of oxidative stress were analyzed at baseline and then after 12 weeks of therapy using iron-induced chemiluminescence analysis. The Montreal cognitive assessment test was used as a secondary outcome measure to evaluate cognitive impairment at the end of the study.Results: 124 outpatients with a mean age of 60.7±7.6 years were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive Divaza (n=65) or placebo (n=59). The Administration of Divaza restored the activity of the endogenous antioxidant system. The change in the average level of lipoprotein resistance to oxidation after 12 weeks of therapy, compared to the baseline, was significantly higher in the Divaza group (14.8±14.7 [14.8±14.7] seconds latent period versus 6.4±16.9 [6.9±16.7] seconds in the placebo group (p=0.007 [p=0.0107]). In addition, a recovery of cognitive impairment was observed in all patients of the Divaza group at the end of treatment; this was significantly better when compared with the placebo group (100 [100] % versus 89.5 [89.1] %, respectively, p=0.0272 [p=0.0128]). The treatment was safe, well-tolerated, and had a high compliance rate. Conclusions: Divaza is a safe and effective therapeutic option for attenuating oxidative stress and recovery of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT03485495, of April 02, 2018.
The Impact of Smoking Status on the Long-Term Prognosis of Male Patients Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Left Main Coronary Artery
Authors: QIAO Shu-bin , Hao-bo TENG , Chao GUO , Chang-dong GUAN , Xin-yu WANG , Hao-bo XU , Yu-shi CHUN , Juan WANG , Jian-song YUAN , Wei-xian YANG , Bo XU
Published: October 2020

Objective: To evaluate the impact of smoking status on the long-term prognosis of male patients with left main coronary artery lesions who received percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted. A total of 3122 male patients with left main lesions who received percutaneous coronary intervention in our hospital were categorized by smoking status at admission: 1207 in the non-smokers group, 1339 in the current smokers group, and 576 in the ex-smokers group. The patients were followed up for 3 years. The main study endpoints were major cardiovascular adverse events (composite endpoints of all-cause death, all myocardial infarctions and revascularization) and target lesion failure (composite endpoints of cardiogenic death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction, target vessel-related blood flow reconstruction). Results: The patients in the current smokers group was younger than the non-smokers group and the ex-smokers group (p<0.0001). In terms of prognosis, no statistical significance observed in the incidence of composite end point of MACE (p=0.9866), target lesion failure (p=0.2522), and stent thrombosis (p=0.2118), all-cause death (p=0.3130), cardiogenic death (p=0.2509), revascularization (p=0.5028), target vessel-related revascularization (p=0.9866), and stroke (p=0.3895), among the three groups. The current smokers group had the lowest incidence of myocardial infarction while ex-smokers group had the highest incidence rate(5.67%vs.5.10%vs.2.97%,p=0.0072), and so is the incidence of myocardial infarction related to target vessels (5.48%vs.5.10%vs.2.89%,p=0.0067). According to Cox regression analysis, history of myocardial infarction(HR=1.339，95%CI：1.042-1.722，p=0.0227), and baseline SYNTAX score(HR=1.0333, 95%CI:1.017-1.049,p<0.0001) are independent risk factors of MACE, while current smoking(HR=0.793,95%CI：0.646-0.974,p=0.0274) proves to be an independent protective factor of target vessel related myocardial infarction. Conclusion: For male patients with the left main coronary artery lesions receiving PCI, smoking has no impact on the long-term MACE or target lesion failure, current smoking is an independent protective factor for target vessel related myocardial infarction.
A service review of the patient focused outcomes of neuroma excision at a mean follow-up of 8 years and 10 months
Authors: Coutts Andrew , Kilmartin Tim
Published: October 2020

Background - While the majority of patients do well following neuroma excision, good outcomes are far from universal. Hence we always provide a course of non-surgical treatment prior to surgery – footwear advice, orthotics, patient education and up to 3 corticosteroid injections. Furthermore, we wanted to understand and quantify the risks and complication to allow us to be able to provide this information to patients during informed consent.Methods - Between 2000 and 2012 neuroma excision from the 2nd intermetatarsal or 3rd intermetatarsal space was carried out consecutively on 42 cases (36 patients), for the treatment of IM neuroma pain. Three patients from the cohort died prior to follow-up and 6 cases failed to attend for review. The outcomes of surgery were measured in a service review using a visual analogue pain scale, the Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire, clinical examination of the foot and consultation with the patient where any adverse issues were recorded. The mean follow-up period was 8-years and 10-months (range 61-194 months). At the time of surgery, the mean age of the patients was 54-years of age (range 25-74 years) and at follow-up the mean age was 63-years of age (range 31-85 years).Results - Twenty four cases (73%) reported they were completely satisfied with the results of their surgery, 8 cases (24%) were satisfied with reservations and 1 case (3%) reported they were dissatisfied. All cases agreed they would be happy to undergo surgery under similar circumstance again if required, i.e. under local anaesthesia on a day case basis. 2 cases (6%) reported recurrence of symptoms and required revision surgery which was performed in one case at 9-years and in the other at 11-years. After further excision of nerve tissue, their symptoms resolved.Conclusion - Neuroma excision is a reasonably safe and effective treatment for neuroma pain when non-surgical treatments fail to resolve symptoms. Our approach requires meticulous clinical examination and history taking, up to three cortisone injections and then ultrasound examination before the patient is listed for surgery. In this way we hope to minimise the risk of incorrect diagnosis and continued pain post excision due to the presence of undiagnosed capsulitis.
Evaluation of A Mobile Application Tool (BiliNorm) To Improve Care for Newborns with Hyperbilirubinemia in Indonesia
Authors: Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Ratnasari Kinanti A. , Irawan Zahra S. , Etika Risa - , Utomo Martono Tri , Corebima Brigitta I. R.V. , Sauer Pieter J.J. , Bos Arend F. , Hulzebos Christian V. , Dijk Peter H.
Published: October 2020

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is more frequently seen in low- and middle-income countries such as Indonesia than in high-income countries. A lack of adherence to existing guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia might be one of the factors contributing to this difference. In Indonesia, we developed a new national guideline for hyperbilirubinemia. To assist healthcare workers in the use of this guideline, we developed a web-based app (BiliNorm) to be used on a smartphone. It shows the bilirubin level of the patient on the nomogram and advises which treatment should be started. We evaluated whether this app was helpful and whether it improved care for infants with hyperbilirubinemia.Methods: Health care workers from two teaching hospitals in East Java, Indonesia, were trained in the use of the BiliNorm app. Six months after the introduction of the app, a questionnaire was sent to those who worked with the app asking about their experiences. A chart review of infants with hyperbilirubinemia at these two hospitals was then performed for two time epochs. Hyperbilirubinemia management in the six-month period before the introduction of the app was compared with that in the seven-month period after its introduction.Results: Forty-three participants completed the questionnaire. The majority (72%) of the respondents indicated that the BiliNorm app was well received and easy to use; 84% of respondents indicated that the BiliNorm app was helpful in the decision to start phototherapy. The chart review of 255 infants before and 181 infants after the introduction of the app indicated that significantly more infants received treatment according to the guidelines (38% vs 51%, p=0.006). After the introduction of the app fewer infants received phototherapy, without a bilirubin measurement (14% vs 7%, p=0.024). The percentages of infants that were over- and undertreated were not different (34% vs 32% and 14% vs 10%, respectively)Conclusions: The web-based decision tool BiliNorm seems to be a valuable app. It is easy for healthcare workers to use, and it helps them adhere to guidelines. BiliNorm improves care for infants with hyperbilirubinemia and may help to reduce the incidence of severe hyperbilirubinemia in Indonesia.
Genetic and Causal Relationship Between Coffee Intake and Cardiometabolic Risks: Cross-Phenotype Association And Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Wang Xinpei , Jia Jinzhu , Huang Tao
Published: October 2020

Background: Many epidemiological studies have shown that there is a significant association between coffee intake and cardiometabolic diseases, which may be due to the common genetic structure or causal relationship. Methods: We used linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis to calculate the genetic correlation between coffee intake and 23 cardiometabolic traits (diseases), and then used cross-phenotype association analysis to identify the shared genetic loci for the trait pairs with significant genetic correlation. Besides, a bi-directional Mendelian Randomization analysis was used to explore the causal relationship between coffee intake and 23 cardiometabolic traits (diseases).Results: Coffee intake has a significant genetic correlation (after Bonferroni correction) with body mass index (BMI) (Rg = 0.3713, P-value = 4.13ⅹ10-64), body fat percentage (BF%) (Rg = 0.2810, P-value = 1.81ⅹ10-13), type 2 diabetes (T2D) (unadjusted for BMI) (Rg = 0.1189, P-value = 8.80ⅹ10-6), heart failure (HF) (Rg = 0.2626, P-value = 6.00ⅹ10-9), atrial fibrillation (AF) (Rg = 0.1007, P-value = 4.30ⅹ10-5). There are 203, 18, 86, 13, 38 independent shared loci between coffee intake and BMI, BF%, T2D, HF, AF, respectively, among which 22, 2, 23, 4,13 loci do not achieve genome-wide significance in single trait GWAS. Coffee intake has significant causal effect on BMI (b = 0.0717, P-value = 2.33ⅹ10-5), T2D (unadjusted for BMI, OR = 1.27, P-value = 1.46ⅹ10-7), and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) (all types ICH: OR = 1.86, P-value = 3.37ⅹ10-4; deep ICH: OR = 2.12, P-value = 2.93ⅹ10-4 ). And BMI (b = 0.3694, P-value=3.64ⅹ10-154), BF% (b = 0.5500, P-value = 1.68ⅹ10-4), T2D (adjusted for BMI, b = -0.0252, P-value = 4.83ⅹ10-6) and triglycerides (TG) (b = -0.1209, P-value = 4.56ⅹ10-15) have significant causal effect on coffee intake.Conclusions: Our study identified the shared genetic structure and causal relationship between coffee intake and several cardiometabolic traits (diseases), providing a new insight into the mechanism of coffee intake and cardiometabolic traits (diseases).
Low-Dose IL-34 Has No Effect on Osteoclastogenesis But Promotes Osteogenesis of Hbmscs Partly Via Activation of The PI3K/AKT And ERK Signaling Pathways 
Authors: Xu Jianxiang , Bai Jinwu , Zhong Huiming , Kuang Zhihui , Zhou Chengwei , Hu Bin , Ni Licheng , Ying Li , Chen Erman , Zhang Wei , Wu Jiaqi , Xue Deting , pan zhijun
Published: October 2020

Background: Inflammatory microenvironment is significant to the differentiation and function of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). It evidentially influences the osteoblastogenesis of MSCs. IL-34, a newly discovered cytokine, playing a key role in metabolism. However, the research on its functional role in the osteogenesis of MSCs was rarely reported. Here, we described the regulatory effects of low-dose IL-34 on both osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.Methods: We performed the osteogenic effects of hBMSCs by exogenous and overexpressed IL-34 in vitro, so was the osteoclastogenesis effects of mBMMs by extracellular IL-34. CCK-8 was used to assess the effect of IL-34 on the viability of hBMSCs and mBMMs. ALP staining, ARS and TRAP staining were used to evaluate ALP activity, mineral deposition and osteoclastogenesis, respectively. qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were performed to detect the expression of target genes and proteins. ELISA was used to evaluate the concentrations of IL-34. In vivo, a rat tibial osteotomy model and an OVX model were established. Radiographic analysis and histological evaluation were performed to confirm the therapeutic effects of IL-34 in fracture healing and osteoporosis. Statistical differences were evaluated by two-tailed Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test and two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons post hoc test in the comparison of 2 groups, more than 2 groups and different time points of treated groups, respectively. Results: Promoted osteoblastogenesis of hBMSCs was observed after treated by exogenous or overexpressed IL-34 in vitro, confirmed by increased mineral deposits and ALP activity. Furthermore, exogenous or overexpressed IL-34 enhanced the expression of p-AKT and p-ERK. The specific AKT and ERK signaling pathway inhibitors suppressed the enhancement of osteoblastogenesis induced by IL-34. In a rat tibial osteotomy model, imaging and histological analyses testified the local injection of exogenous IL-34 improved bone healing. However, the additional IL-34 has no influence on both osteoclastogenesis of mBMMs in vitro and osteoporosis of OVX model of rat in vivo. Conclusions: Collectively, our study demonstrate that low-dose IL-34 regulates osteogenesis of hBMSCs partly via the PIK/AKT and ERK signaling pathway and enhances fracture healing, with neither promoting nor preventing osteoclastogenesis in vitro and osteoporosis in vivo.
Estimation of Renal Perfusion Based on Measurement of Rubidium-82 Clearance by PET/CT Scanning in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Langaa Stine Sundgaard , Lauridsen Thomas Guldager , Mose Frank Holden , Fynbo Claire Anne , Theil Jørn , Bech Jesper Nørgaard
Published: October 2020

Background: Changes in renal blood flow (RBF) may play a pathophysiological role in hypertension and kidney disease. However, RBF determination in humans has proven difficult. We aimed to confirm the feasibility of RBF estimation based on positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) and rubidium-82 (82Rb) using the abdominal aorta as input function in a 1-tissue compartment model. Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects underwent two dynamic 82Rb PET/CT scans in two different fields of view (FOV). FOV-A included the left ventricular blood pool (LVBP), the abdominal aorta (AA) and the majority of the kidneys. FOV-B included AA and the kidneys in their entirety. In FOV-A, an input function was derived from LVBP and from AA; in FOV-B from AA. 1-tissue compartmental modeling was performed using tissue time activity curves generated from volumes of interest contouring the kidneys, where the renal clearance of 82Rb is represented by the K1 kinetic parameter. To investigate the correct interpretation of K1, we assumed to first estimate effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) by extrapolating clearance values (ml/min/cm3) to whole kidney values (ml/min) using the estimated total kidney volume. Thereafter, RPF was estimated from ERPF using an assumed extraction fraction (0.89). Lastly, RBF was estimated from RPF using measured haematocrit values. Intra-assay coefficients of variation and inter-observer variation were calculated.Results: For both kidneys, K1 values derived from AA did not differ significantly from values obtained from LVBP, neither were significant differences seen between AA in FOV-A and AA in FOV-B, nor between the right and left kidneys. For both kidneys, the intra-assay coefficients of variation were low (~ 5%) for both input functions. The measured K1 of 2.04 ml/min/cm3 suggests an estimated total renal perfusion normalized to body surface area of 628 ± 95 ml/min/1.73 m2 and subsequently an estimated RBF of 1091 ± 162 ml/min/1.73 m2.
How does the quantum structure of electromagnetic waves describe quantum redshift?
Authors: Kalhor Bahram , Mehrparvar Farzaneh , Kalhor Behnam
Published: October 2020

The paper introduces quantum redshift. By using the quantum structure of the electromagnetic waves, we can describe the redshift. Losing the quanta masses along the traveling in the space is the reason of the decreasing the frequency of the electromagnetic waves. Recursive quantum redshift predict distance of the objects by calculating the z parameter of the waves since they have emitted. Non-recursive quantum redshift is a fast and good approximation of the recursive quantum redshift. The distances in the quantum redshift is less than the distances in the accelerated expansion space theory. The paper provides z parameter of distances between zero and 12 billion light years.
Identification of Aberrantly Methylated and Silenced Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Combined Methylation/expression Analysis
Authors: Guo Chao , Ju Qian-qian , Zhang Chun-xia , Gong Ming , Gao Ya-yue , Li Zhenling
Published: October 2020

Background Aberrant genomic methylation plays an important role in pathogenic process of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by silencing tumor suppressor genes (TSG). While the key aberrantly methylated genes and related pathways have not been well understood yet, which we aimed to reveal by combined analysis of methylation and expression datasets. The prognostic significance was validated by survival analysis derived from TCGA database. Methods Micro-array data of GSE 15061 and GSE58477 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially methylated regions (DMR) and differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified using R program (R 3.6.1). Over-representation analysis was performed to obtain the enriched biological processes and pathways. Cox hazards analysis was employed to select the genes significantly associated with AML survival, using the data derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subgroup analysis, regarding induction type, was conducted to identify biomarkers for HMA treatment. Furthermore, SYNJ2 associated genome-wide gene/miRNA expression and methylation profile were explored. Results A total of 198 aberrant methylation related underexpressed genes were identified. Univariable analysis revealed methylation level of 6 out of 198 genes (CORO1A/MPO/SYNJ2/EHD1/GAS2L1/SLC11A1) were significantly associated with AML survival. SYNJ2 methylation was an independent predictor for OS. Notably, subgroup analysis revealed hypermethylation of CORO1A predicted better OS in HMA group. Further gene set enrichment analysis indicated SYNJ2-associated activation of PI3K-Akt/NF-kappaB/JAK-STAT signaling and checkpoint pathway. The microRNAs, such as miR217/miR485-3p/miR-889-3p, were downregulated in SYNJ2-hypermethylated group, leading to potential HOXA13 upregulation. Conclusion The prognostic methylation signature was revealed in our studies, and SYNJ2 was proved as an independent prognostic factor. Methylation of CORO1A may serve as biomarker for HMA treatment in AML.
The Quantum Mechanism of Earthquakes as Exemplified by a Sudden Ejection of Rocks and Gas from a Rock Mass during the Process of a Coulomb Explosion
Authors: Bychkov Serguei
Published: October 2020

At the moment, there are several hypotheses in geophysics that explain especially dangerous processes of the earth's crust movements - sudden outbursts of rocks and gas from a rock mass from the point of view of classical physics. Despite the fact that various macroscopic systems can be accurately described using classical mechanics and electrodynamics, a real mechanism and a working model of this phenomenon cannot be built. Consequently, to develop a model of sudden outbursts of rocks and gas, it is necessary to apply new approaches and methods, different from the description of macroscopic systems. This article describes a quantum version of the process of the ejection of rocks from a rock mass. In particular, we described the mechanism of the Coulomb explosion that occurs in the rocks of the earth's crust with a sharp change in rock pressure and built a model of the sudden release of rocks and gases. In our opinion, the quantum processes described by us can be sources not only of sudden outbursts and rockslide but also sources of more formidable phenomena - earthquakes and volcanic explosions.
Overlooked nitrous oxide emissions driven by bedrock weathering
Authors: Wan Jiamin , Tokunaga Tetsu , Williams Kenneth , Brown Wendy , Newman Alexander , Dong Wenming , Bill Markus , Henderson Amanda , Beutler Curtis , Harvey-Costello Nydra , Conrad Mark , Bouskill Nicholas , Hubbard Susan
Published: October 2020

Atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes directly to global warming, yet current models1-5 overlook bedrock-contained nitrogen (rock-N), the largest terrestrial N pool6, as a N2O source. Although rock-N release rates are large6-9, incomplete understanding on the fate of released rock-N has obscured connections between rock-N and atmospheric N2O. This connection emerged through our field studies of a hillslope underlain by marine shale. Bedrock weathering within the zone of the seasonally fluctuating water table controls the weathering depth, hence the release of rock-N. At this site, rock-N weathering contributes 78% of the subsurface reactive-N, with ~22% derived from atmospheric deposition and biological nitrogen fixation, commonly regarded as the sole sources of reactive-N in pristine environments10,11. About 56% of reactive-N denitrifies, including 14% emitted as N2O into the atmosphere. The remaining reactive-N discharges in porewaters to a floodplain where additional denitrification likely occurs. Using global rock-N releases of 11–18 Tg y-1 8, our measurements extrapolate to a weathering driven efflux of 1.3–2.1 Tg N-N2O y-1, consistent with a flux of 1.0–1.7 Tg N- N2O y-1 solely derived from the literature. Thus, bedrock weathering contributes approximately 10-17 % of nitrous oxide to the current global estimate of ~10 Tg y-1.
Prevalence and socioeconomic inequality in screen time, phone, and tablet use in children in Iran
Authors: Moradi Ghobad , Piroozi Bakhtiar , Ghaderi Ebrahim , Mostafavi Farideh , Zakaryaei Farima , Mehrad Jahan , Alavi Zahra
Published: October 2020

Background: Nowadays, children spend a lot of time during the day in front of the television(TV) and using their phones. We aimed to evaluate screen time and phone use in Iranian children and their relation to the socioeconomic status of children's families.Methods: This descriptive analytical study was done on 10-12-year-old children from Kurdistan, Fars, and Markazi provinces. Cluster sampling was used for sampling. Date collection included completing demographic questionnaires, calculating BMI of children and phone & tablet use, screen time, and socioeconomic status. We used linear and logistics regression to estimate the final model and decomposition method of the Oaxaca. The concentration index and the concentration curve were used to measure and illustrate socioeconomic inequalities. All analysis was conducted with the Stata / SE 14.0 software.Results: 1590 children (52.58% boys) were enrolled in our study, 594 (74%) of boys and 420 (56%) of girls had daily Screen Time activities for more than two hours, and 388 (48.20%) of boys and 211 (28.20%) of girls use mobile phones and tablets for more than two hours a day. Screen Time activities were significantly higher in boys, older children, higher BMIs, more educated mothers, and 35<year-old fathers (P_VALUE <0.05). The use of mobile phones and tablets by boys, ten-year-olds, families of four or less, older BMIs, children with higher levels of parental education, and more educated mothers is significantly higher (P_VALUE <0.05). In addition, the Concentration Index for Screen Time activities (C = 0.083) and phone or tablet use (C = 0.536), shows that the Screen Time, phone or tablet use activities are higher in children with high socioeconomic status.Conclusion: The screen time activities and phone & tablet use are higher in children with high socioeconomic status. Also, many other factors like gender, age, BMI, parent's education, and age can affect screen time activities and phone & tablet use in children. It is recommended to measure the effectiveness of the changeable factors by modifying and controlling these factors in future studies.
The Functional Examination of Conserved and Non-conserved lncRNA in Allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Guan Xueying , Wang Luyao , Han Jin , Lu Kening , Li Menglin , Gao Mengtao , Cao Zeyi , Zhao Ting , Chen Xue , Tao Xiaoyuan
Published: October 2020

Background The relationship between the lncRNA conservation level and its function is controversial. One of the technique barrier to address this question is how to define the conserved non-coding genes across species.Results We developed an evolutionary model using diploid and allotetraploid cotton species to identify 80% of the non-coding transcripts unique to the allotetraploid cotton in comparison with its diploid ancestors. This led us to define conserved lncRNA and non-conserved lncRNA based on their conservation throughout polyploid evolution. LncRNA expression was preferentially associated with the flanking protein-coding genes, indicating a regulatory role in cis in response to environmental stimuli. However, the conserved and non-conserved lncRNAs showed no difference in their levels of association with the expression of the flanking protein-coding genes. The 111 selected highly expressed conserved and non-conserved lncRNA candidates were subjected to a virus-induced gene silencing operation that was integrated with abiotic stress treatments. From the low-throughput, functional screening pilot test, we obtained candidate lncRNAs related to plant height, tolerance to drought and other abiotic stresses. Conclusions The conservation level of the lncRNAs may impact on their expression patterns and functions as individual case rather than in genome wide.
CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Gene Modification Ameliorates Abnormal Phenotypes in SCA3/MJD Disease Patient Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: He Lang , Wang Shang , Zhao Huifang , Li Shuai , Han Xiaobo , Chen Zhao , Wang Chunrong , Peng Yun , Peng Huirong , Peng Linliu , Xie Yue , Lei Lijing , Deng Qi , Wan Linlin , Wan Na , Yuan Hongyu , Gong Yiqing , Zou Guangdong , Li Zhiyuan , Tang Beisha , Jiang Hong
Published: October 2020

Background：Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) is a progressive autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormal CAG repeats in exon 10 of ATXN3. The accumulation of the mutant ataxin3 proteins carrying polyglutamine (polyQ) lead to selective degeneration of neurons. Therapeutic strategies were used to inhibit mutant ATXN3 expression, including antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference and more recently CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing based approaches. Since the pathogenesis of SCA3 has not been fully elucidated, and no effective therapies can be used, it is crucial to investigate the pathogenesis and seek new therapeutic strategies of SCA3/MJD. Methods: Here we used the paired sgRNA/Cas9 nickases and Cre-loxP mediated homologous recombination (HR) strategy to precisely modify the abnormal CAG expansions in the ATXN3 of SCA3/MJD patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells (SCA3/MJD-iPSCs). Meanwhile, we investigated the disease related phenotypes in differentiated neurons, including electrophysiological characteristics, IC2-positive aggregations, mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs), glutathione (GSH) expressions, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ concentrations and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results: SCA3/MJD-iPSCs can be corrected by the replacement of the abnormal CAG expansions with normal repeats using HR. Besides, corrected SCA3/MJD-iPSCs retained pluripotent and normal karyotype, which could be differentiated into neuron cells (NCs) and maintained electrophysiological characteristics. The expression of differentiation markers and electrophysiological characteristics were similar among the control individuals, SCA3/MJD patients and isogenic control SCA3/MJD groups. Furthermore, this study proved that the phenotypic abnormalities in SCA3/MJD-iPSCs derived NCs, including aggregated polyQ toxic protein, decreased MMPs and GSH expressions, increased ROS, Ca2+ concentrations and MDA levels, all were rescued in the corrected SCA3/MJD-NCs. Conclusion: The present study firstly suggested that the genetically corrected SCA3/MJD-iPSCs and associated phenotypic abnormalities, which will provide an ideal models for molecular mechanism research and autologous stem cell therapy.
Acute kidney injuries induced by thrombotic microangiopathy following severe hemorrhage in puerperants: A case series and literature review
Authors: Wang Xu , Liu Chun-yan , Yang Yue , Zou Gu-ming , Zhuo Li , Han Su-hui , Li Wen-ge
Published: October 2020

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in puerperants is generally caused by acute tubular necrosis and occasionally by thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) following post-partum hemorrhage. However, TMA leads to worse clinical outcomes and is rarely reported in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the pathological mechanism behind the development of TMA in puerperants to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.Methods: Three patients diagnosed with severe postpartum hemorrhage and TMA from 2014 to 2017 at a nephrology center were retrospectively investigated. Results: All patients had severe hemorrhage during delivery with a mean blood loss, 4.0 L (range, 2.7-5.0 L). AKI developed rapidly in these patients and was treated with hemodialysis. Following treatment, the mean volume of packed red blood cells was 2.3 L (range, 1.2-3.6 L), and the mean volume of resuscitation fluid was 3.7 L (range, 3.5-4.0 L). All patients had renal biopsy specimens with typical TMA and ATN changes on light microscopy. Two patients required a hysterectomy while another two patients received respiratory support. Only one patient received plasma exchange. None of the patients had recovered normal kidney function by the final follow-up (26-61 months), with two patients having stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD), and one patient having an end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring maintenance hemodialysis. Conclusion: Severe postpartum hemorrhage could lead to TMA, in addition to the common finding of ATN. Renal histology revealed that poor renal outcomes could be attributed to TMA coexisting with ATN. The potential mechanism was ischemia-reperfusion, which was followed by endothelial cell injury and activation of the alternative complement pathway.
Carbonaceous aerosols in Indian Himalayan atmosphere: seasonal abundance, altitudinal variation and source analysis
Authors: KUMAR AMIT , Singh Sachchidanand , Kumar Niraj , Singh Narendra , Kumar Krishan , Mishra Amit K. , Chourasiya Sapna , Kushwaha H.S.
Published: October 2020

The present study reports carbonaceous aerosol concentrations determined in total suspended particles (TSP) from three mountainous sites viz. Devasthal Peak, Manora Peak and Bhimtal and one low-land Tarai urban site at Pantnagar in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, western Himalaya. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were estimated following IMPROVE_thermal optical reflectance protocol. Results showed that TSP and OC/EC concentrations varied significantly and decreased with increasing altitudes in two seasons. Seasonal/(diurnal) analysis indicated TSP and OC/EC concentrations at mountainous sites exhibited higher values in summer/(day-time), respectively while tarai site had higher values in winter/(night-time). Higher summer/(day-time) values at mountainous sites could be associated with local emissions along with vertical movement of atmospheric boundary layer resulting uplift of air pollutants due to convective motions generated in valley region. OC and EC were noted to be strongly correlated (correlation coefficient > 0.8) indicated similar emissions source and atmospheric processes. The ratios of OC/EC were observed in the range of 2.4 to 9.3, 2.1 to 8.6, 1.9 to 4.3 and 1.8 to 3.2 for Devasthal, Manora peak, Bhimtal and Pantnagar, respectively, suggested mixed sources of biomass burning, coal combustion and vehicular emissions. The large variations in OC/EC ratios at studied sites suggested presence of secondary organic carbon (SOC). Mountainous sites experienced higher % SOC contributions (41 – 45%) to total OC in winter than low-land tarai urban site could be due favourable conditions for condensation of photo-oxidation products of organic species and biogenic VOCs emissions.
Exploring Leave Events for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People From Australian Tertiary Services: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Coombes Julieann , Sazali Syazlin , Mackean Tamara , Banks Margaret , Egana Nilva , Ryder Courtney , Hunter Kate , Porykali Bobby , Bourke Elizabeth , Bennett-Brook Keziah
Published: October 2020

Objective The primary objective of this systematic review was to identify contributing causes to leave events from health services for Australian patients. The second objective was to identify evidence based preventative measures for effectively reducing leave events, which could be implemented. Study design Articles published in Australia were included if they reported on Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people and other Australians who leave health services prior to being seen or discharged by a medical professional. Two researchers screened each abstract and independently reviewed full text articles. Study quality was assessed, and data were extracted with standardised tools.Data sources MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications from May 27th to June 30th, 2020. The search returned 30 relevant records. Nine additional records were identified by manual search in Google Scholar. References of included articles were searched. From these articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria. Of these 5 were from New South Wales, 2 from Western Australia, 1 each from Queensland and Northern Territory, two were conducted nationally. Data synthesis Four studies used a retrospective cohort method, one included patient interviews,(1) Four cohort studies and two systematic reviews were included. Two government reports and one health policy document were included in this review. All studies were from Australia using mixed methods.Conclusions This review identified causes for, and evidence based preventative measures that have been or could be implemented to reduce Leave Events and describes additional terms and definitions used for Leave Events.