bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical note: Challenges of detecting free tropospheric ozone trends in a sparsely sampled environment
Authors: Chang Kai-Lan , Cooper Owen R. , Gaudel Audrey , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Effertz Peter , Morris Gary , McDonald Brian C.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. High quality long-term observational records are essential to ensure appropriate and reliable trend detection of tropospheric ozone. However, the necessity for maintaining high sampling frequency, in addition to continuity, is often under-appreciated. A common assumption is that so long as long-term records (e.g., span of a few decades) are available, (1) the estimated trends are accurate and precise, and (2) the impact of small-scale variability (e.g., weather) can be eliminated. In this study we show that the undercoverage bias (e.g., a type of sampling error resulting from statistical inference based on sparse or insufficient samples, such as once-per-week sampling frequency) can persistently reduce the trend accuracy of free tropospheric ozone, even if multi-decadal time series are considered. We use over 40 years of nighttime ozone observations measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (representative of the lower free troposphere) to make this demonstration, and quantify the bias in monthly means and trends under different sampling strategies. We also show that short-term meteorological variability remains a cause for an inflated long-term trend uncertainty. To improve the trend precision and accuracy due to sampling bias, two remedies are proposed: (1) a data variability attribution of colocated meteorological influence can efficiently reduce estimation uncertainty and moderately reduce the impact of sparse sampling; and (2) an adaptive sampling strategy based on anomaly detection enables us to greatly reduce the sampling bias, and produce more accurate trends using fewer samples compared to an intense regular sampling strategy.
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis of Batukaras Village as a Tourism Village in Indonesia
Authors: Windupranata Wiwin , Al Ghifari Muhammad Wahyu , Nusantara Candida Aulia De Silva , Shafa Marsyanisa , Hayatiningsih Intan , Mulia Iyan Eka , Nuraghnia Alqinthara
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Indonesia's location in the middle of tectonic plates makes it vulnerable to earthquakes and tsunamis, especially in the megathrust zone around Sumatra Island and the southern part of Java Island. Research shows a seismic gap in southern Java, which poses a potential threat of megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis, impacting coastal areas such as Batukaras Village in West Java, a popular tourist destination. To prepare for disasters, Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (PTHA), which focuses on seismic factors, was carried out by modeling tsunamis on 3,348 sub-segments of 4 large megathrust segments in the south of Java Island. Stochastic earthquake modeling to simulate the occurrence of a tsunami from an earthquake with 6.5 Mw to the highest potential magnitude on each segment. This research shows that PTHA in Batukaras Village reveals varying heights of 0.84 m, 1.63 m, 2.97 m, and 5.7 m for each earthquake return period of 250 years, 500 years, 1000 years, and 2500 years. The dominant threat arises from the West Java-Central Java megathrust segment, emphasizing the importance of preparedness, although the annual probability of tsunamis is generally low. Our study will deepen knowledge of tsunami hazards associated with megathrust activities near Batukaras Village for mitigation planning and decision-making, and it can become a reference for similar coastal tourist areas.
Distribution and morphology of non-persistent and persistent contrail formation areas in ERA5
Authors: Wolf Kevin , Bellouin Nicolas , Boucher Olivier
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The contrail formation potential as well as its temporal and spatial distribution are estimated using meteorological conditions of temperature and relative humidity from the ERA5 re-analysis provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Contrail formation is estimated with the Schmidt–Appleman criterion (SAc), solely considering thermodynamic effects. The focus is on a region ranging from Eastern United States to central Europe. Around 18,000 flight trajectories from the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) are used as a representative subset of transatlantic, commercial flights. The typical crossing distance through a contrail-prone area is determined based on IAGOS measurements of temperature T and relative humidity r, then based on co-located ERA5 simulations of the same quantities. For IAGOS, 50 % of the crossings of persistent contrail (PC) regions are shorter than 9 km, while in ERA5 the median is 155 km. Time-averaged IAGOS data lead to a median crossing length of 66 km. The difference between the two data sets are attributed to the higher variability of r in IAGOS compared to ERA5. Binary masks of PC formation are created by applying the SAc on the two-dimensional fields of T and r from ERA5. In a second step the morphology of PC regions is also assessed. Half of the PC regions are found to be smaller than ≈35000 km2 (at 200 hPa) and the median of the maximum dimension is shorter than 760 km (at 200 hPa). Furthermore, PC regions tend to be of near-circular shape with a tendency to a slight oval shape and a preferred alignment along the dominant westerly flow. Seasonal, vertical distributions of PC formation potential P are characterized by a maximum between 250 and 200 hPa. P is subject to seasonal variations with a maximum in magnitude and extension during the winter months and a minimum during summer. The horizontal distribution of PC regions suggests that PC regions are likely to appear in the same location on adjacent pressure levels. Climatologies of T , r, wind speed U, and resulting PC formation potential are calculated to identify the constraining effects of T and r on P. PC formation is primarily limited by too warm conditions below and too dry conditions above the formation region. The distribution of PCs is slanted towards lower altitudes from 30° N to 70° N, following lines of constant T and r. For an observed co-location of high U and P it remains unclear whether PC formation and the jet stream are favored by the same meteorological conditions or if the jet stream itself favors PC occurrence. This analysis suggests that some PC regions will be difficult to avoid by rerouting aircraft because of their large vertical and horizontal extents.
Risk reduction through managed retreat? Investigating enabling conditions and assessing resettlement effects on community resilience in Metro Manila
Authors: Lauer Hannes , Chaves Carmeli Marie C. , Lorenzo Evelyn , Islam Sonia , Birkmann Jörn
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Managed retreat, a key strategy in climate change adaptation for areas with high hazard exposure, raises concerns due to its disruptive nature, vulnerability issues and overall risk in the new location. On-site resettlement or near-site retreat are seen as more appropriate and effective compared to a relocation far from the former place of living, however, these conclusions often refer to only a very limited set of empirical case studies or do not sufficiently consider different context conditions and phases in relocation. Against this background, this paper examines the conditions and factors contributing to community resilience of different resettlement projects in Metro-Manila. In this urban agglomeration reside an estimated 500,000 informal households, with more than 100,000 occupying high-risk areas. In light of the already realized and anticipated climate change effects, this precarious living situation exposes families, already socio-economically vulnerable, to an increased risk of flooding. The response of the Philippine government to the vexing problem of informal dwellers has been large-scale relocation from coasts, rivers, and creeks to state-owned sites at urban fringes. Whereas only very few resettlement projects could be realized as In-City projects close to the original living space. The study employs a sequential mixed-method approach, integrating a large-scale quantitative household survey and focus group discussions (FGDs) for a robust comparison of resettlement types. Further, it reveals community-defined enabling conditions for managed retreat as climate change adaptation strategy. Results indicate minor variations of well-being conditions between In-City and Off-City resettlement, challenging the expected impact of a more urban setting on resilience. Instead, essential prerequisites for resettlement involve reduced hazard exposure, secure tenure and safety from crime. Beyond these essential conditions, social cohesion and institutional support systems emerge as significant influencers for the successful establishment of well-functioning new settlements. With this findings, the study contributes to the expanding body of literature on managed retreat, offering a comprehensive evaluation based on extensive datasets and providing entry points for the improvement of retreat as a climate change adaptation strategy.
The influence of extratropical cross-tropopause mixing on the correlation between ozone and sulfate aerosol in the lowermost stratosphere
Authors: Joppe Philipp , Schneider Johannes , Kaiser Katharina , Fischer Horst , Hoor Peter , Kunkel Daniel , Lachnitt Hans-Christoph , Marsing Andreas , Röder Lenard , Schlager Hans , Tomsche Laura , Voigt Christiane , Zahn Andreas , Borrmann Stephan
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The composition of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region (UTLS) is influenced by horizontal transport, vertical transport within convective systems and warm conveyor belts, rapid turbulent mixing, as well as photochemical production or loss of species. This results in the formation of the extratropical transition layer (ExTL), which has been defined by the vertical structure of CO profiles and studied by now mostly by means of trace gas correlations. Here, we extend the analysis to aerosol particles and derive the ozone to sulfate aerosol correlation in Central Europe from aircraft in-situ measurements during the CAFE-EU/BLUESKY mission, probing the UTLS during the COVID-19 period with significant reduced anthropogenic emissions. We operated a compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (C-ToF-AMS) to measure the chemical composition of non-refractory aerosol particles in the size range from about 40 to 800 nm. In our study, we find a correlation between the ozone mixing ratio (O3) and the sulfate mass concentration in the lower stratosphere. The correlation exhibits some variability over the measurement period exceeding the background sulfate to ozone correlation. Especially during one flight, we observed enhanced mixing ratios of sulfate aerosol in the lowermost stratosphere, where the analysis of trace gases shows tropospheric influence. Also, back trajectories indicate, that no recent mixing with tropospheric air occurred within the last 10 days. In addition, we analyzed satellite SO2 retrievals from TROPOMI for volcanic plumes and eruptions. From these analyses, we conclude that gas-to-particle conversion of volcanic SO2 leads to the observed enhanced sulfate aerosol mixing ratios.
GloLakes: water storage dynamics for 27 000 lakes globally from 1984 to present derived from satellite altimetry and optical imaging
Authors: Hou Jiawei , Van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Renzullo Luigi J. , Larraondo Pablo R.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Measuring the spatiotemporal dynamics of lake and reservoir water storage is fundamental for assessing the influence of climate variability and anthropogenic activities on water quantity and quality. Previous studies estimated relative water volume changes for lakes where both satellite-derived extent and radar altimetry data are available. This approach is limited to only a few hundred lakes worldwide and cannot estimate absolute (i.e. total volume) water storage. We increased the number of measured lakes by a factor of 300 by using high-resolution Landsat and Sentinel-2 optical remote sensing and ICESat-2 laser altimetry, in addition to radar altimetry from the Topex/Poseidon; Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3; and Sentinel-3 and Sentinel-6 instruments. Historical time series (1984–2020) of water storage could be derived for more than 170 000 lakes globally with a surface area of at least 1 km2, representing 99 % of the total volume of all water stored in lakes and reservoirs globally. Specifically, absolute lake volumes are estimated based on topographic characteristics and lake properties that can be observed by remote sensing. In addition to that, we also generated relative lake volume changes solely based on satellite-derived heights and extents if both were available. Within this dataset, we investigated how many lakes can be measured in near real time (2020–current) in basins worldwide. We developed an automated workflow for near-real-time global lake monitoring of more than 27 000 lakes. The GloLakes historical and near-real-time lake storage dynamics data from 1984 to current are publicly available through https://doi.org/10.25914/K8ZF-6G46 (Hou et al., 2022c) and a web-based data explorer (http://www.globalwater.online, last access: 12 December 2023).
A high-resolution synthesis dataset for multistressor analyses along the US West Coast
Authors: Kennedy Esther G. , Zulian Meghan , Hamilton Sara L. , Hill Tessa M. , Delgado Manuel , Fish Carina R. , Gaylord Brian , Kroeker Kristy J. , Palmer Hannah M. , Ricart Aurora M. , Sanford Eric , Spalding Ana K. , Ward Melissa , Carrasco Guadalupe , Elliott Meredith , Grisby Genece V. , Harris Evan , Jahncke Jaime , Rocheleau Catherine N. , Westerink Sebastian , Wilmot Maddie I.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Global trends of ocean warming, deoxygenation, and acidification are not easily extrapolated to coastal environments. Local factors, including intricate hydrodynamics, high primary productivity, freshwater inputs, and pollution, can exacerbate or attenuate global trends and produce complex mosaics of physiologically stressful or favorable conditions for organisms. In the California Current System (CCS), coastal oceanographic monitoring programs document some of this complexity; however, data fragmentation and limited data availability constrain our understanding of when and where intersecting stressful temperatures, carbonate system conditions, and reduced oxygen availability manifest. Here, we undertake a large data synthesis to compile, format, and quality-control publicly available oceanographic data from the US West Coast to create an accessible database for coastal CCS climate risk mapping, available from the National Centers for Environmental Information (accession 0277984) at https://doi.org/10.25921/2vve-fh39 (Kennedy et al., 2023). With this synthesis, we combine publicly available observations and data contributed by the author team from synoptic oceanographic cruises, autonomous sensors, and shore samples with relevance to coastal ocean acidification and hypoxia (OAH) risk. This large-scale compilation includes 13.7 million observations from 66 sources and spans 1949 to 2020. Here, we discuss the quality and composition of the synthesized dataset, the spatial and temporal distribution of available data, and examples of potential analyses. This dataset will provide a valuable tool for scientists supporting policy- and management-relevant investigations including assessing regional and local climate risk, evaluating the efficacy and completeness of CCS monitoring efforts, and elucidating spatiotemporal scales of coastal oceanographic variability.
Optimization of passive acoustic bedload monitoring in rivers by signal inversion
Authors: Nasr Mohamad , Johannot Adele , Geay Thomas , Zanker Sebastien , Le Guern Jules , Recking Alain
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Recent studies have shown that hydrophone sensors can monitor bedload flux in rivers by measuring the self-generated noise (SGN) emitted by bedload particles when they impact the riverbed. However, experimental and theoretical studies have shown that the measured SGN depends not only on bedload flux intensity but also the propagation environment, which differs between rivers. Moreover, the SGN can propagate far from the acoustic source and be well measured at distant river positions without bedload transport. It has been shown that this dependency of the measured SGN data on the propagation environment can significantly affect the performance of monitoring bedload flux by hydrophone techniques. In this article, we propose an inversion model to solve the problem of the SGN propagation and integration effect. In this model, we assume that the riverbed acts as SGN source areas with intensity proportional to the local bedload flux. The inversion model locates the SGN sources and calculates their corresponding acoustic power by solving a system of linear algebraic equations, accounting for the actual measured cross-sectional acoustic power (acoustic mapping) and attenuation properties. We tested the model using data from measured bedload SGN profiles (acoustic mapping with a drift boat) and bedload flux profiles (direct sampling with an Elwha sampler) acquired during two field campaigns conducted in 2018 and 2021 on the Giffre river in the French Alps. Results confirm that the bedload flux measured at different verticals on the river cross-section correlates more with the inversed acoustic power than measured acoustic power. Moreover, it was possible to fit data from the two field campaigns with a common curve after inversion, which was not possible with the measured acoustic data. The results of the inversion model, compared to measured data, show the importance of considering the propagation effect when using the hydrophone technique and offer new perspectives for the calibration of bedload flux with SGN in rivers.
Global total precipitable water variations and trends during 1958–2021
Authors: Wan Nenghan , Lin Xiaomao , Pielke Sr. Roger A. , Zeng Xubin , Nelson Amanda M.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Global responses of the hydrological cycle to climate change have been widely studied but uncertainties of temperature responses to lower-tropospheric water vapor still remain. Here, we investigate the trends in global total precipitable water (TPW) and surface temperature from 1958 to 2021 using improved ERA5 and JRA-55 reanalysis datasets and further validate these trends by using radiosonde, Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and Microwave Satellite (SSMI(S)) observations. Our results indicate a global increase in total precipitable water (TPW) of 0.66 % per decade according to ERA5 data and 0.88 % per decade in JRA-55 data. These variations in TPW reflect the interactions of global warming feedback mechanisms across different spatial scales. Our results also revealed a significant near-surface temperature (T2m) warming trend at the rate of 0.14 K dec-1 and a strong water vapor response to temperature at a rate of 4–6 % K-1 globally, with land areas warming approximately twice as fast as the oceans. The relationship between TPW and T2m or surface skin temperature (Ts) showed a variation around 6–8 % K-1 in the 15–60° N latitude band, aligning with theoretical estimates from the Clausius–Clapeyron equation.
Analysis of Turbine Yaw Misalignment Estimated by LIDAR Assuming Homogeneous Flow
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyu , Guo Feng , Schlipf David , Schito Paolo , Zasso Alberto
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The 2D homogeneous flow assumption derived wind field reconstruction method is widely employed in the Doppler LIDAR. This paper aims to analyse the uncertainty in wind direction estimation and to improve the estimation accuracy. First, to quantify the uncertainty, a static model is proposed to describe the relationship between horizontal wind shear and yaw misalignment in LIDAR measurement. Subsequently, an analytic model of temporal-averaged misalignment uncertainty is built by using the Kaimal turbulence spectral model. This analytic model reveals that the standard deviation of yaw misalignment reaches approximately ±14° and ±12° for IEC turbulence class 'A' and 'B', respectively, regarding a temporal average over 60s. Obviously, these findings demonstrate that this LIDAR estimation method is insufficient to supervise the turbine yaw control system in terms of both accuracy and timeliness. Then, the temporal-averaged uncertainties obtained from the proposed analytic model are compared with simulations in various complexity, i.e. Kaimal, Mann spectral models, and Computational Fluid Dynamics, respectively. The rotor-average wind is set as the reference for measurement. Compared to an ideal sonic measurement, the LIDAR presents a worse estimation of rotor-effective wind direction estimation. These results show that increasing the fidelity of turbulence models does not alleviate the measurement uncertainty issue. Lastly, in an attempt to address the uncertainty issue, this study investigates the effects of adjusting the scanning pattern. The optimised parameters include measurement distance and horizontal half-open angle in a 2-beam LIDAR case and the additional vertical half-open angle in a 4-beam LIDAR case. However, even with the optimal scanning pattern, u and v wind components estimation could not acquire the same accuracy on the ideal sonic measurement simultaneously. Thereby, LIDAR can not guarantee wind speed and direction estimation quality simultaneously. In conclusion, this study highlights the yaw misalignment uncertainty in the LIDAR wind field reconstruction method based on 2D homogeneous flow assumption. The observed error levels remain consistent across varying fidelity turbulence models and scanning pattern adjustments. To address this challenge, future research should apply more advanced wind flow models to explore more accurate wind field reconstruction methods.
Searches as data: archiving and sharing search strategies using an institutional data repository
Authors: Rod Alisa , Boruff Jill
Published: January 2024

Background: By defining search strategies and related database exports as code/scripts and data, librarians and information professionals can expand the mandate of research data management (RDM) infrastructure to include this work. This new initiative aimed to create a space in McGill University’s institutional data repository for our librarians to deposit and share their search strategies for knowledge syntheses (KS).
Case Presentation: The authors, a health sciences librarian and an RDM specialist, created a repository collection of librarian-authored knowledge synthesis (KS) searches in McGill University’s Borealis Dataverse collection. We developed and hosted a half-day “Dataverse-a-thon” where we worked with a team of health sciences librarians to develop a standardized KS data management plan (DMP), search reporting documentation, Dataverse software training, and how-to guidance for the repository.
Conclusion: In addition to better documentation and tracking of KS searches at our institution, the KS Dataverse collection enables sharing of searches among colleagues with discoverable metadata fields for searching within deposited searches. While the initial creation of the DMP and documentation took about six  hours, the subsequent deposit of search strategies into the institutional data repository requires minimal effort (e.g., 5-10 minutes on average per deposit). The Dataverse collection also empowers librarians to retain intellectual ownership over search strategies as valuable stand-alone research outputs and raise the visibility of their labor. Overall, institutional data repositories provide specific benefits in facilitating compliance both with PRISMA-S guidance and with RDM best practices.
Strategi Branding Image dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing di Madrasah Tsanawiyah
Authors: Rusmini Rusmini , Chaniago Fransisko , Piola Hermia
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplor Strategi Branding Image dalam Perencanaan dan pelaksanaan, faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat Strategi Branding Image Dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Tungkal Ulu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif melalui pendekatan eksploratif dengan menggunakan insrumen pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kondensasi data (Condensation), penyajian data (Data Display), dan penarikan kesimpulan (Verification). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Strategi yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan daya saing di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Tungkal Ulu dengan perencanaan yaitu melakukan sosialisasi meningkatkan prioritas kedisiplinan dan meningkatkan kegiatan extrakurikuler yang lebih efektif serta gratisnya uang komite perbulan dan uang biaya masuk tanpa di pungut biaya. Pelaksanaan Branding Image oleh kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan daya saing di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Tungkal Ulu yaitu kepala sekolah dan panitia masuk ke setiap kelas VI (enam) dengan bersosialisasi mempromosikan Madrasah Tsanawiyah Tungkal Ulu, selanjutnya kepala sekolah menjelaskan kepada murid kelas VI (enam) tentang pilihan program extrakurikuler sesuai minat dan bakat mereka, setelah itu kepala sekolah menjelaskan kepada murid-murid kelas VI (enam) tentang sudah gratisnya uang komite perbulan dan uang biaya masuk tanpa di pungut biaya di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Tungkal Ulu.
Cultural Interactions in the Medieval Subcaucasian Region: Historiographical and Art-Historical Perspectives Vol. I. The Othering Gaze: Imperialism, Colonialism, and Orientalism in Studies on Medieval Art in the Southern Caucasus (1801–1991)
Authors: Foletti Ivan , Palladino Adrien , Campini Ruben , Doležalová Klára , Moraschi Annalisa
Published: January 2024

This collaborative volume explains the nineteenth and twentieth century marginalization of one of the major centers of medieval culture and creativity, the Southern Caucasus, through an in depth histo-riographical approach. Tracing research traditions created within different linguistic spheres (Russian, German, French, Italian, and English) across time, it shows how and to what extent the birth of art historical studies on the region were conditioned by geopolitical stakes and by the social and cul-tural perception of the modern regions. From the creation of the Russian Caucasus Viceroyalty in 1801 until the end of the Cold War in 1991, the volume dissects how the region’s medieval art was rediscov-ered, studied, and presented. In doing so, it decon-structs some of the most deeply rooted stereotypes of the discipline while at the same actively partici-pating in demarginalizing this region and affording it its rightful place in world art history.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA ESPESSURA DA CAMADA E DO GRAU DE COMPACTAÇÃO NO DESEMPENHO DE CAMADAS DE COBERTURA DE ATERROS SANITÁRIOS
Authors: Rodrigues de Oliveira Mariele , Kany Torres Souza Lana , Roberta Galdino de Oliveira Laís
Published: January 2024

Grande parte dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) são dispostos em aterros sanitários por não apresentarem mais utilidade e valor econômico para quem usufruía, sobretudo para evitar a proliferação de vetores, espalhamento dos resíduos e poluição do solo, das águas e do ar. Assim, um dos principais elementos do aterro sanitário é a camada final de cobertura, uma das diversas aplicações dessa camada é mitigar emissões de gases contribuintes ao aceleramento do efeito estufa. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de camadas de cobertura de aterros sanitários quanto à retenção de metano em relação ao grau de compactação e a espessura da camada. Assim, realizou-se uma metanálise, embasada na correlação de um total de dez estudos obtidos através de buscas por palavras chaves em plataformas acadêmicas. Diante das relações obtidas, observou-se que quando o grau de compactação é maior, existe uma tendência de menor emissão de metano pela camada, além disso, foi notado que a espessura da camada de cobertura não tem um efeito tão significativo sobre a retenção de CH4 (metano) e CO2 (dióxido de carbono), pois para uma mesma espessura de camada houve diferentes graus de retenção. Portanto, conclui-se que a relação entre a espessura da camada de cobertura e o grau de compactação não exprime um vínculo definido, contudo o grau de compactação é mais determinante quanto à retenção de gases.
A Literature Review on Policy to Invigorate Small Schools: Focusing on the Organization and Implementation of Small School Characteristic Curriculum
Authors:   Korea Society Of The Politics Of Education, Kim Jae-yun
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted for the purpose of conducting in-depth discussions on policy to invigorate small school, focusing on the organization and implementation of school characteristic curriculum. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, this study theoretically examined policies on small school and focused on understanding small school characteristic curriculum organization and implementation plans to invigorate small schools. In this study, policy to invigorate small school were identified by examining small school policy flows, and furthermore, small school characteristic curriculum as a policy to invigorate small school was reviewed overall. Based on this, we considered the operation of the characteristic curriculum that is being attempted to invigorate small school. In revitalizing the operation and implementation of small school characteristic curriculums to enhance the educational power of small school, it is necessary to shift the policy approach to small schools from the administrative and financial level to the curriculum policy level. In addition, various and careful support is required at the policy level so that the unique curriculum of small school can be operated to enhance and revitalize the educational power of small school.
Reevaluating the Governance of the National Education Commission and Exploring Strategies to Enhance Public Participation
Authors:   Korea Society Of The Politics Of Education, Shin Hyun-Seok , Choi Sang Hoon
Published: January 2024

This study explores strategies for the National Education Commission to function as a cooperative educational governance for expanded citizen participation. The governance model is divided into structural (involving a National Participation Committee at the central level and a regional educational governance at the local level) and process-oriented (involving a Public Deliberation Committee and a social consultation model). Analyzing the models, the study focuses on the degree of hierarchical organization and organizational organization of understanding groups. The National Participation Committee exhibits cooperative governance with low organizational organization of understanding groups, requiring consideration of advisory body limitations and ways to incorporate field voices. Regional educational governance shows a hierarchical form, necessitating attention to network configuration to avoid operation by compromise rather than stakeholder participation. Both the Public Deliberation Committee and the social consultation model have cooperative governance, but differences in organizational organization and hierarchical structure suggest the need for specialized mechanisms based on issue characteristics. Overall, the study suggests improvements for each model to optimize citizen participation and cooperation in educational governance.
A Study on the Evolution of University Autonomy Related Higher Education Policy
Authors:   Korea Society Of The Politics Of Education, Woo Sunyoung , Min Yunkyung
Published: January 2024

This study is based on recognition that it is required to look at the process of transformation of higher education policy which has been promoted to strengthen university autonomy for the sake of setting university autonomy as the basic direction of higher education policy and of specifying or clarifying it. The aims of this study is to explore the evolution process of higher education policy which includes strengthening university autonomy as its promotion work. For this purpose, the leading policies, presented from the ‘5･31 education reform’ to the Moon Jae-in government, were analyzed based on their contents and consequences(intended and unintended) in the areas of organization, finance, staffing, and academic, which are areas proposed by the EUA. As a result of this study, it was found that university autonomy were pursuited in the area of organization, through establishment of a university, incorporation of a national university, election of a president, and in the area of finance, by changing budgetary support from institution-based to student-centered, loosening regulations on using their budgets, and consolidating government’s financial aid projects. And university autonomy was tried to be enhanced with regard to the appointment of professors in the area of staffing, while attempts were made to strengthen the autonomy of the university in terms of student quotas, student selection, and quality assurance in the area of academic.
Verification Gas Mixtures are the Metrological Basis of Life Safety
Authors:   KB RSE «KazStandart», Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Anzherskaya Street, 22/2,, ABDIROV Daniyar , ALEXANDROV Vladimir ,   KB RSE «KazStandart», Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Anzherskaya Street, 22/2,, KAKIMZHANOV Serik ,   KB RSE «KazStandart», Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Anzherskaya Street, 22/2,
Published: January 2024

The article pays attention to the influence of air pollution on the safety of human life. The issue of production and application of domestic standard samples of calibration gas mixtures as a metrological basis in the process of ensuring the safety of life is considered. General information is provided on standard samples of calibration gas mixtures – metrological purpose, types, methods of production, packaging. The article provides an analysis of the nomenclature of produced calibration gas mixtures mastered by the Karaganda branch of the Republican State Enterprise «Kazakhstan Institute of Standardization and Metrology». Special attention is paid to the component composition of the standard samples produced. The demand for these standard samples in the country has been investigated. The prospects for further expansion of production are given.
Model of the Geodynamic Development of the Greater Altai
Authors:   NCJSC «D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University», Kazakhstan, Oskemen, A.K. Protozanov Street, 69,, OITSEVA Tatiana , BISSATOVA Ainel ,   ERG Exploration LLP, Kazakhstan, Astana, Kabanbay batyr Avenue, 30-A,, ZINYAKIN Stanislav ,   NCJSC «D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University», Kazakhstan, Oskemen, A.K. Protozanov Street, 69,
Published: January 2024

The geodynamic model reflects the staged development of the geological and metallogenic structures of the Greater Altai. Spatially, the Great Altai occupies the territory of Eastern Kazakhstan. The features of the geodynamic development of the geological structures of the Greater Altai are considered. The territory covers the southeastern flanks of the Rudny Altai and Kalba tectonic zones of the Greater Altai, which are part of the general system of the Central Asian mobile belt. The spatial conjugation of geological and ore-bearing structures of different age and composition, subject to intense metamorphic and hydrothermal-metasomatic transformations under the influence of the Dzhungar massif and the Siberian Plate and subsequent thrust-shear deformations, is emphasized.
Study of the Distribution of Impurity Elements in Coals and Clay Layers of the Karaganda Coal Basin
Authors:   NPJSC «Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University», Kazakhstan, Karaganda, N. Nazarbayev Avenue, 56,, KOPOBAYEVA Aiman , AMANGELDIKYZY Altynay , ASKAROVA Nazym , BLYALOVA Gulim
Published: January 2024

The study of the distribution of trace elements in coal has aroused great scientific interest all over the world, not only because of the harm to health and related environmental problems when using coal, but also because of the economically valuable elements contained in it. The distribution of impurity elements in coals and clay layers of the Karaganda coal basin is considered. The main objective of this work is to identify geochemical features of elements-impurities in coals, clay interlayers of the k7 formation of the Karaganda coal basin. The paper presents the latest data on the composition of coals and clay layers. 85 coal samples of clay interlayers and coal-clay interlayers contact from three mines – Saranskaya, Aktasskaya, Kuzembaeva – were analyzed. The samples were studied by the IСP-MS method at the Far Eastern Geological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (DVGI FEB RAS)
The Use of a Friction Separator to Increase the Strength and Reduce Water Absorption of the Road-construction Slag Aggregate
Authors:   NPJSC «Karaganda Industrial University», Kazakhstan, Temirtau, Republic Avenue, 30,, KUNAEV Vyacheslav , TAVSHANOV Ilgar , TIMOKHINA Elena ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Kolmogorov Street, 66,
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of the parameters of the working process of a laboratory friction separator on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the enriched material (slag aggregate). To achieve the purpose, the methods of laboratory experiment (enrichment on a friction separator), physical-mechanical tests of road-building materials, mathematical processing of experimental data were used. The design of a friction separator for the enrichment of the slag aggregate is considered, the principle of its operation is described. The results of an experiment to assess the effect of the enrichment of the slag aggregate on a friction separator on its strength and water absorption are presented. The authors also established the dependencies interrelating the physical-mechanical characteristics of the slag aggregate and the parameters of the friction separator operation. A quantitative assessment of reducing water absorption and increasing the strength of road-construction slag aggregate after enrichment on a friction separator was obtained
Penetapan Kadar Boraks Pada Makanan Yang Beredar Di Pasar Semarang Timur Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis
Authors: Christina Odilia Dea , Mahesa Sandi , Wirawati Ninik
Published: January 2024

Boraks (Natrium tetraborate) merupakan zat pengawet berbahaya yang tidak diizinkan digunakan sebagai campuran bahan makanan. Boraks sering disalahgunakan untuk mengawetkan berbagai   makanan   seperti   bakso, mie   basah, pisang molen, siomay, lontong, ketupat, pangsit. Dalam jumlah banyak   boraks   menyebabkan   demam, anuria, koma, kerusakan   sistem   saraf   pusat, sianosis, kerusakan ginjal, anemia, muntah, diare. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui kadar boraks pada makanan yang sering dikonsumsi yang beredar di pasar Semarang Timur. Sampel makanan yang diteliti adalah bakso, mie basah dan kerupuk yang dijual di Pasar Semarang Timur. Pengujian sampel secara kualitatif ialah uji organoleptis dan KLT. Pada pengujian kuantitatif dengan penetapan kadar menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan menggunakan pelarut ethanol. Sejumlah 3 sampel bakso, 1 sampel mie mengandung Boraks. Kadar boraks pada sampel bakso adalah sebesar B1 0,0052%, B2 0,0045%, B3 0,0046%. Dan kadar boraks pada sampel mie basah adalah sebesar M3 0,0045%.
Impact of Globalization on Monetary Policy
Authors: Grigolashvili Teona , Grigolashvili Maiya
Published: January 2024

The process of globalization has a major impact on monetary policy, which affects how central banks develop and carry out their strategies. In condition of globalization, economies are more interdependent, leading to increased financial and economic flows across borders. Central banks are frequently required to assess the influence of exchange rate variations on their domestic economy since they might affect export competitiveness, import pricing, and inflation. In present there are list of ways how globalization influences monetary policy. In this article we are going to emphasize the relationship between monetary policy and economic variables.
Voluntary Private Pension Reform in Georgia
Authors: Nutsubidze Tamila , Nutsubidze Khatuna
Published: January 2024

The development of voluntary private pension schemes is important for the establishment of a multi-pillar pension system in Georgia. The importance of the voluntary private pension reform is high both for the institutional development of the pension system and for the development of the workforce and the economy as a whole. Although the development of voluntary private pension schemes in Georgia has a potential, these schemes are primarily intended for high-income workers. As a result, low-income workers and other workers who are not involved in the formally organized employment demand more attention. The current demographic trends, the size of the informal sector and the high number of independent / self-employed workers should especially influence the state policy to promote the creation of pension savings by the workers of this category and the establishment of financial protection mechanisms for them. Article in Georgian.
Importance of Internal Marketing for Effective Management of Human Capital in Georgian Companies
Authors: Genelidze Lia , Valishvili Tea
Published: January 2024

Internal marketing is the new measure of success for businesses with financial profit. Internal marketing plays an important role in the full functioning and development of the company. It is the art of effectively using a company's human capital to value, motivate, and encourage employees at all levels of the organization. The article discusses the essence and importance of internal marketing, the peculiarities of its use, the measures implemented by foreign companies, and the assessment of Georgian practice. Internal marketing in Georgia is at the initial stage of development, but there is a growing interest in it from successful companies. 65 people participated in the survey. The purpose of the research was to determine the views of the employees regarding internal marketing, to find out the problems in the companies, and to determine the ways to eliminate them. As a result of the survey, it became clear that internal marketing in Georgian companies is less developed, the majority of employees are dissatisfied with their jobs, work schedule, number of vacation days, pay, and small opportunities for promotion; For most of them, it is difficult to maintain the balance of life and work, as well as the lack of self-development. The survey shows that to achieve success, Georgian companies should start taking care of internal marketing, instead of minimum incentives, insurance packages, and corporate evenings for employees, implement individual events tailored to them, which will give people the opportunity for self-realization and active work, and the job will not be just a way to get a salary. The active implementation of internal marketing in Georgian companies is a matter of time, although its importance is growing and irreplaceable. Article in Georgian.
Hardware Marketing Network Store Strategies on the Example of Megatechnique
Authors: Kintsurashvili Irakli , Ukleba Shura
Published: January 2024

In the work, the special attention is paid on one of the solid companies in Georgia “Mega technique” store network, which succeeded greatly using modern technologies of marketing and management. It is one of the first companies on the market of household goods. The purpose of this research is to discuss every step, used marketing strategies and hardness the coped with. It is emphasized that for the country’s economical development, companies should do their best to provide consumers with wide range of household technologies. It’s clear that the customer, who purchases goods in this network with some discount, will repeatedly visit this store and buy something different next time. Thus they become their permanent clients. In this work it’s highlighted how this company succeeded using modern system of management. This means, training the staff and system of salary payment, we should pay attention to the card system. that means a discount in the whole country. Mega technique was the first to offer online purchase and online 0% postponement that was approved widely by the customers. There are some demands to purchase good with preferences, though there exist well-known brands that customers will buy without hesitation There are also processed some recommendations and statements. If this company foresees them, it can increase the size of selling and expand the network of this store on the market. Article in Georgian.
Methodological Issues of Assessment of the Investment Environment as a Factor of Economic Growth
Authors: Tsinaridze Ramin , Abuselidze George , Beridze Lasha
Published: January 2024

In order to optimize the country's investment relations, it is necessary to introduce a system of correct assessment of investment activities, planning and implementation of such effective measures by the state, which will contribute to the elimination of existing gaps in the investment environment, its improvement and economic growth of the country. A foreign investor invests capital resources only in countries with a stable investment environment, which in turn is characterized by the confidence of the local investor. A healthy investment environment is vital for the economic growth of the country, which has become especially relevant in the light of modern global challenges, therefore, FDI is a form of global business relationship that is an integral part of the stimulating factor of an open market economy. Despite the extensive discussion of the essence of the investment environment and the methodological issues of its assessment in foreign and Georgian scientific literature, it became especially relevant after the Covid-pandemic crisis and then the Russian-Ukraine war conflict. According to the trend established in recent years, the national economic system of the world countries, especially in developing countries, is directed towards the growth of investment flows. This trend has become vital for the rehabilitation and development of the post-Covid economy. For the development and modernization of the economy of Georgia, it is necessary to make the maximum use of the opportunities of direct foreign investments and to create an appropriate environment, which determines the effectiveness of this process. The task of the research is to reveal both theoretical-methodological and pragmatic aspects of the current investment environment in Georgia. Based on the results of the research, the formation of suggestions and recommendations about the role of the investment climate in the country's economic growth. The subject of the research is direct foreign investment on the example of Georgia and its importance for the economic growth of the host country. The object of the research is the investment climate and the role of foreign investments in the process of its improvement. Article in Georgian.
Georgian Practice of Producing Municipal and Regional Statistics and Obligations under the Agreement on Association with the European Union
Authors: Kldiashvili Panteleimon (Paata)
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the state of production of municipal and regional statistics in Georgia in terms of the country's obligations under the Association Agreement with the European Union. The requirements of the regulatory documents for the production of municipal and regional statistics in the member states of the European Union have been analyzed, as well as the relevant Georgian legislative and the degree of their implementation in practice have been evaluated. The main challenges facing the effective production of municipal and regional statistics in the country are identified and opinions are formulated for their gradual overcoming, which in our opinion ensures the gradual convergence of the national practice with the corresponding European practice. Article in Georgian.