bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of organizational and economic factors on business results of feed mills in Serbia
Authors: Stankovic Veselin
Published: October 2010

The Serbian animal feed industry confronted with insufficiently used capacities and considerable price oscillations of raw materials and final products has gone through a substantially long period of dynamic development. The objective was to analyze production capacities, spatial distribution, changes in feed manufacture output and raw materials used, import and export, changes in the number of employees, etc. Major attention was focused on indices of the financial and economic structure in order to define the position of feed mills in relation to the sector and the economy as a whole. In addition, the aim was to analyze the possibility of improving feed mill management. Mathematical and statistical models were developed with special reference to the needs of some types and categories of animals, raw materials at disposal, capacities and requirements with regard to feeding stuffs. The linear programming model was used in order to contribute to the successful management of all the phases in the production chain. .
Types of interactions in intercropping of maize and soya bean
Authors: Dolijanovic Zeljko , Kovacevic Dusan , Oljaca Snezana , Simic Milena
Published: October 2010

Intercropping two or more crops under similar micro environmental conditions can increase the agricultural productivity. A field study was conducted in three-year period 2003-2005 at experimental field of Maize Research Institute, Belgrade on chernozem soil type. This examination included three experimental hybrids of maize from various FAO groups of ripening (500,600 and 700) and the type of soya bean from II group of ripening (Nena). Maize and soybean was grown in pure stands and three combinations of intercrops (alternate-row and in strip intercropping). Additive design was used for creating of intercrop variants. The paper investigated the grain yield of maize and soya bean in the intercropping, and compared with the yield of the monocrops. Comparison of the yield was carried out with the most Number indicators- Land equivalent Ratio index (LER). For individual comparisons used the standard error differences between means. Comparing with the intercropping production of monocrops production of maize and soya bean, with the index LER, the results obtained indicate that there are more intercropping production, especially in 2004. The three-year average, the increase of grain yield in the intercropping in relation to monocrops of maize and soya bean was 45% in the strip, or 49% in the alternate rows. Intra-species the intensity of competition is higher in the strip and in the pattern arrangement of the resulting lower relative grain yield, primarily due to lower maize yield.
Convective drying of the root and leaves of the parsley and celery
Authors: Markovic Jelena , Stojiljkovic Stanisa , Mitic Nebojsa
Published: October 2010

This paper shows the convective drying of the parsley and the celery (their roots and leaves). The root of the parsley and the celery are separately dried, and their leaves are separately dried, too. The temperature of the incoming air was 60?C - 80?C at both parts of the plants. The period of drying the root lasted 165 minutes, while the drying of the leaves took 75 minutes. Final results are compared in order to make the conclusion which parts of the plants are faster dried, and what are the reasons for that.
Efficiency evaluation of the disinfectant based on silver and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Tasic Srdjan
Published: October 2010

Contemporary science has confirmed that silver is one of the most powerful natural antimicrobial agents which can destroy more than 650 species of known pathogen microorganisms. Very high technological demands in the production of colloids and ionized particles are responsible for the fact that silver is used for water disinfection only in the most developed countries. Therefore, proverb in the west says 'silver is not the privilege of wealth, but of health'. The aim of the research was to examine the efficiency of the disinfectant SANOSIL SUPER 25? used for 0.5 liter PET bottles washing in the process of the bottling of the carbonated soft drink 'Orange ROSA'. This multi-component disinfectant (based on silver and hydrogen peroxide) was used in concentrations of 40 ppm. After the washing of the PET bottles in the machine 'Bluestar-Simonazzi' a standard bacteriological examination of 192 bottle samples was performed. In none of the examined samples could the presence of bacteria be discovered. The results of the examination of the chemical content of bottled orange soft drink indicated that the concentration of silver was within lawful limits. Based on all acquired results the conclusion is that SANOSIL SUPER 25?, with concentrations of 40 ppm, may successfully be used as a disinfectant used in the preventive washing of PET bottles to be used for the bottling of the carbonated soft drink 'Orange ROSA'.
Globalization, the market, the European Community: A new economy, new society, new democracy
Authors: Amirante Carlo
Published: October 2010

The high-tech revolution, which took place during the early eighties produced, in less than 20 years, institutional and structural changes which go beyond any possible prediction. In this context the e-commerce triggered so many radical innovations that we may speak in terms of new economy (at least as far as many different fields are concerned). These innovations have already determined, in turn, an upsetting not only in the labour market, but also in cultural production and in the organization of scientific research in psycho-relational settings and in interpersonal communication. All that has lead to a re-thinking of the legal and institutional background, as well as a confrontation among scholars of different matters, and it might be the most appropriate way to enhance a rather interdisciplinary approach towards these issues, without expecting any definite solutions.
Once again on globalization
Authors: Hatibovic Dzemal
Published: October 2010

Globalization is today one of the most frequently used (or misused) and the least precisely defined notions, whether taken as a usual term or as a euphemism. It is often a subject of the apologies it does not deserve or a subject of completely inapposite critics. Many people think it to be something new, though it is almost old as a human race! It is often related to only one sphere - mostly to economy - although it is present in almost all fields. Completely opposite processes are developing simultaneously or alternately. Globalization is a process with a large number of multiple far-reaching and important implications. If our goal is to create a more humane and wealthier world it should be under a keen scrutiny of analysts concludes the author.
The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in contemporary diplomacy
Authors: Fatic Aleksandar
Published: October 2010

The issue of cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia is characterized by two seemingly very different aspects namely the legal, and the diplomatic (or 'political'). It is often argued that the diplomatic aspect is justifiably subject to deviation from the traditional legal criteria in international relations, such as are the principles of legality, reciprocity, etc. The author argues here that any 'pragmatism' that infringes the principles of legality in international relations, and in the internal political system, short lived, and that in the mid-term it emerges as counter-productive. The author is of the opinion that the Tribunal has resorted to such pragmatist steps, and has consequently been turned into a lobby, whose goal has been to influence the internal political scene of Serbia. By such action, the Tribunal, and primarily its Chief Prosecutor, have stepped out of the domain of legitimate action of a criminal court, and the destructive consequences of such 'relativisation' of the standards of legitimacy are yet to become clear in the further development of international criminal courts.
A model of American foreign trade policy
Authors: Bjelic Predrag
Published: October 2010

In this paper the author explains very complex and developed process of trade policy creation in the United States. He describes the institutional model of trade policy creation, main organs and procedures, and the legal setting for that process. He also gives the basic principles in the realization of American trade policy in all dimensions - bilaterally regionally and multilaterally, that is to say the bilateral relations with main American trading partners, the links of the United States with the main regional economic groupings in the world and the U. S. influence in international economic organizations.
Third world conference against racism
Authors: Damian-Lakicevic Ana
Published: October 2010

The author analyses the Third World Conference against Racism which took place in Durban from 31 August - 8 September 2001. Considering the work of the Conference and the adopted documents - the Declaration and Program of Action - she focuses her attention on the following three dominant topics the Middle East conflict, reparations for the period of slavery and colonialism, and human rights and rights of minorities.
The Balkans: A view into the future without internal and regional stability there is no integration into Europe
Authors: Kovacevic Zivorad
Published: October 2010

The author analyses the present situation and the prospects of internal and regional stability and security in the countries of the European South East. He says that we have now some peace and some stability and security in the region. The peace is fragile and more the state of no-war than stable peace. The fact remains that the self-sustaining regional stability remains a good distance away. The sources of regional instability are in uneliminated consequences of the recent wars and in the fact that nowhere in the region the complete discontinuity with the policies, ideologies, way of thinking and institutional set-up inherited from previous regimes has been realized. The region needs the coherent approach and active participation of the international community and its military presence in Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia for years to come. Let's not delude ourselves: if the troops were withdrawn today who could tell what would happen tomorrow.
The role of migrant professionals in the process of transition in Yugoslavia
Authors: Grecic Vladimir
Published: October 2010

The paper deals mainly with brain drain, primarily including emigration of professionals - scientists and engineers from the FR of Yugoslavia. The author discusses the magnitude of the brain drain in FRY and the main reasons of emigration. He argues that the brain drain is in general a loss for the country of origin and mainly a gain for the host country, and explains what could be the main contributions of these professionals to the reforms in their country of origin.
Israel and the bantustanization of Palestine
Authors: Ivekovic Ivan
Published: October 2010

Contrary to repeated statements that Israel is a 'democratic state,' the author argues that it is an ethnocratic state. From its inception it has established a system of legal, political, residential and economic segregation of its Palestinian citizens. Since Israel has occupied the West Bank, Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip in 1967, these were subjected to a systematic Jewish colonization and Judaization, which were met with Palestinian resistance. Both created a spiral of political violence. Israel's 'industrial' state terror is now confronted with 'artisan's'' terror of frustrated Palestinian groups. The author is of the opinion that a highly defective 'peace' deal offered by the Israeli government of Ariel Sharon would have transformed the Palestinian state entity in a Bantustan-like cluster of would-be 'autonomous areas'.
The limitations of the European economic integration
Authors: Kovacevic Radovan
Published: October 2010

It is an important result of economic theory that integration might alter the allocation of resources within a country as well as between countries. Moreover, there are theory-based arguments suggesting that border regions might have an advantage in attracting resources due to their specific location in the center of the integration area. In this paper author have highlighted the continued empirical importance of national borders, even within the EU, which exhibits a much higher degree of economic integration than has been achieved at the global level. Perhaps even more surprising is that capital flows show distinctly similar patterns, a bias towards investment in the home market. In fact it would appear that these two phenomena are closely linked. Thus, whilst globalization has had profound effects on economic actors there is little to suggest that the traditional role for governments in OECD countries in providing social welfare and in regulating the domestic market economy are being undermined. If these borders to international commerce are impervious to further policy initiatives, or if their removal would reduce welfare by, for example undermining individual preferences, then the frictionless world foreseen by some where national administrations become largely impotent in affecting domestic economic outcomes is unlikely to occur. Thus, future discussions concerning global governance will take place between sovereign states that retain substantial discretion in economic policy making in an environment of considerable differences in economic and political power. The author have noted, however, that this situation is apparent for the industrialized countries. In developing countries the situation may be very different. The range of policies that is available in OECD countries is not accessible to many developing countries. In addition the social and business networks and the nature of consumer preferences, which have evolved over many years in OECD countries, and which are key elements in differentiating national from international markets, are not developed to the same extent or take forms which may be inconsistent with and undermined by the increasing use of the market mechanism.
The causes of human rights abuses in the countries in transition summary
Authors: Sijakovic Ivan
Published: October 2010

Author analyzes causes that lead to violation of human rights in countries in transition and in undeveloped countries. He points to the following factors: 'vacuum' in creating of values of the system, some problems in the process of democratization, high grade of homogenization in society (ethnical, religious, ideological, political), economic stagnation and poverty, social climate - the 'production' of enemies, anti-intellectualism etc.
The enlargement of the European Union and the challenges of the reform
Authors: Siriski Sofija
Published: October 2010

The successful conclusion of accession negotiations at the Copenhagen summit on December 13th 2002 means that ten countries will join the European Union in its biggest-ever enlargement. After eastward enlargement, the EU will contain 25 members and nearly half a billion people. The accession treaty will be signed at a special EU summit in Athens on April 16th, 2003. After that, the candidates and member-states will have about a year to ratify the treaty and to joint EU as planned on May 1st, 2004. This enlargement is quite an extraordinary challenge for all the parties involved. For the European Union, it is maybe the most ambitious endeavour in the whole history. The accession of ten new members makes it essential for the EU to reform its institutions, decision-making processes, as well as its policies for agriculture and regional aid. Meanwhile the successive challenge to European Common Foreign and Security Policy have highlighted its weaknesses. Newly formed Convention on the future of Europe is struggling with many fundamental questions and proposed a new constitutional treaty, which described the new European identity. The Convention makes several proposals to reshape Europe's institutions, according to several basic principles: the institution should become more effective - meaning that they have to be able to take decisions more speedily; EU institution tend to be cut off form national political systems and the national parliaments scold therefore become involved in the institutional workings of the EU; it is important to preserve the balance between the institutions dominated governments and the "Community" institutions; the structures of the institutions should be simplified. With just five months before the conclusion of the proceedings, and in parallel to the difficult exercise of drafting the new Constitutional treaty, a major effort is necessary to ensure that the various alternatives are explored, and that a final package can be agreed by a considerable majority of the member states.
Freedom of movement for persons in the European Union Law
Authors: Novicic Zaklina
Published: October 2010

In this article the author analyses the evolution of complex corpus of legislation concerning the freedom of movement for persons in European Union Law. The article deals with the subject in two aspects: the first part of the analysis considers the conceptual development of free movement of persons by way of deliberation of building-up the authority of Union in that area, and the second part analyses the contents of the right of the Union citizens to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member State. The freedom of movement for people includes the right of Union citizens to enter, move and reside in another Member State and, in that context prohibition of any discrimination based on nationality. Conceived originally as primarily an economic phenomenon, the free movement of persons was closely linked to the pursuit of an occupation. It was the mobility of human resources as a factor of production, which inspired the chapters of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (1957) relating to the free movement of workers, freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services. In that sense, freedom of movement is a part of a wider concept, that of the common/internal market. Since then, through the combined effect of secondary legislation and the case law of the Court of Justice, the concept has been broadened and it tends, from the Maastricht Treaty (1992), to form one of the fundamental and individual rights of Union citizens generally. Also, the amendments of EEC Treaty, which were made by the Single European Act (1985) and specially by the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) and the Treaty of Nice (2001), have formalised the external aspect of freedom of movement. Namely, it was recognised that freedom of movement for persons could not take place at the expense of security, protection against crime and illegal immigration. The abolition of internal controls has generated the need of the transferring checks to the external frontiers of the Union and, in this connection, the gradual establishment of an area of freedom, security and justice. In the first part of the article the author presents and analyses the development of the Union power in the policies of freedom of movement: in facilitating of free movement of people as a principle of the common/internal/single market, in achievement of the right to free movement for Union citizens, and also in the fields related to the external aspect of freedom of movement, or, actually, the issues pertaining to visas, asylum and immigration. The second part presents the specific contents of freedom of movement for persons that consists of the corpus of individual rights enjoyed by Union citizens on the territories of EU Member States that are not countries of their origin. These are the right to entry and residence and the right to engagement in gainful activity as well as the related social rights. This part of the article also explores the freedom of movement restriction regime as well as the corresponding Union legislation in preparation.
International legal regulation of the right to adequate environment
Authors: Vukasovic Vid
Published: October 2010

The article deals with some key issues concerning the evolution of the concept of the right to adequate environment. The evolution took several decades to reach the present state in which it is obvious that the right has been accepted as one of the so called third generation human rights by both doctrine and practice, in international environmental law as well as in national environmental legislation of a number of countries. In the first phase of development only some elements of the right existed within the ?classical? human rights (the right to life, the right to health etc.) of so called first and second generation. The turning point was the UN Stockholm 1972 Conference on the environment. The right was inserted in the first principle, of the Declaration accepted by the conference, and already had most of its main elements: the right to adequate living conditions in an environment with the quality that not only guarantees healthy life but a life in dignity and well-being. After the Stockholm Conference, the right was embraced by a part of the doctrine, and increasingly mentioned and discussed within the frame of the UNEP, the relevant UN specialized agencies, as well as by some other international organizations active in the field of environmental protection. The result of this acceptance was an increasing insertion of the right in international treaties as well as in various declaratory documents, on both universal and regional levels. The author devotes a part of his article to the development in Europe, and especially to the work of the Council of Europe, the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the EU. The author believes that most important development in Europe occurred within the ?Environment for Europe Process?, under the aegis of the UNECE. The result of it was signing of the Aarhus Convention (1998), one of most important international treaties signed until now. First of all, it regulates two important fields - protection of human rights and protection of environment. In it not only the right to adequate environment is explicitly mentioned in the Art. 1, but the main elements of the right are regulated in detail. The three ?pillars? of the Convention are devoted to the right to environmental information, the right of citizens to participate in environmental matters and the right to access to justice in matters concerning the environmental protection. It should be added that the Aarhus Convention has become a part of the EU legislation. Due to that, the whole process of implementation of the convention has become unavoidable for all candidate countries, as a proof of their intent to apply in practice environmental legislation and to democratise their societies.
Russia between East and West
Authors: Lukin Alexander
Published: October 2010

The East and West have been symbols in Russian culture for centuries and have served as reference points for Russians in their search of cultural and geopolitical identity. They continue this role in contemporary Russia. Should Russia be part of the East or West? Russian politicians, scholars, writers and thinkers have been this question for several hundred years. While no agreement has yet been reached the discussion, far from purely academic, has had practical political consequences. The political position and practical policy agenda of a contemporary Russian politician or any other member of the educated elite still depends largely on where he or she places Russia on the East-West axis of the geopolitical compass and where he or she wants to see the needle point in the future.
European Union and NATO: Transforming the transatlantic partnership
Authors: Siriski Sofija
Published: October 2010

Constructive and cooperative European Union and NATO relations are very important for global stability. But today transatlantic relation are in crisis and there is some evidence that the growing number of the disputes, including over Iraq, the Israel-Palestine conflict, dealing with "rogue states" and terrorism, are having a major impact on European foreign and security policy, and even the process of European integration. NATO adapted well after the end of the Cold War but since September 11th, however, NATO has faced something of an existential crisis. The US chose to fight the Afghan and Iraq war largely on its own, alongside European allies. Many American are stressing that NATO can only remain relevant if it is prepared and able to tackle pressing international terrorism and the spread of weapons of mass destruction. To safeguard NATO's future role the US has proposed that the European allies should help to develop a Rapid Response Force inside NATO. It wants the EU to provide troops that would be able to operate alongside America's forces. European, meanwhile, have their own set of concerns. The EU has no concept of how to deal with the world's only superpower. Too often there is a preference for bilateral as opposed to EU channels, and because of that the EU urgently needs a security strategy. The lack of a coherent EU foreign policy also inhibits the ability of the EU and if the Europeans can build a more coherent foreign policy, the US will have a greater interest in listening to what they say. EU leaders also need to assess the suitability of the EU's military doctrine and institutions for the challenges it faces. The transformation of transatlantic co-operation requires changes on both sides. Differences between the US and Europe exist but they should not be exaggerated. What is needed is to broaden the transatlantic dialogue to include the critical security challenges for both sides.
Croatia and NATO
Authors: Tatalovic Sinisa
Published: October 2010

The purpose of this article is to study the relations between the Republic of Croatia and NATO. The paper analyses the process of Croatia?s approaching to NATO. By adopting the new strategic concept of NATO at the 1999 Washington summit and conclusions at the 2002 Prague summit the Alliance has confirmed its willingness to enlarge itself through the Partnership for Peace programme. This programme has established itself as a bridge for inclusion of NATO non-member countries into its activities by achieving their interoperability with the Alliance. By all this, the Partnership for Peace has become one of the tools for encouraging defence and security co-operation among European countries, regardless of the fact whether they are NATO members or not. Such a position of NATO in the European security architecture and its enlargement by admitting new member states is of special significance for the Croatian activities taken and directed towards this organisation. Through its activities within the Partnership for Peace Croatia makes preparations to achieve interoperability with NATO. These activities constitute a part of the preparations for its future membership in the Alliance (this also includes the reform of the security and defence system). On the other hand, the co-operation with NATO (together with other mechanisms such as OSCE and the Stability Pact) enables Croatia to exerts its influence towards stabilisation of the situation in this part of South-Eastern Europe, achieving at the same time its key political, economic and security interests in the region.
The renewal of social democracy and the „third way” of the British Labour Party
Authors: Havas Peter
Published: October 2010

The author tries to enlighten and analyse the current processes in the European Social Democracy intending to renew its strategy and doctrine and adapt it to the new economic, political and social challenges. He devotes special attention to the attempts of the British Labour Party to modernise itself and create a new doctrinal approach, the so-called third way. The author analyses the history of the New Labour and characteristics of the Tony Blair-led party, elaborating in detail the contents of the third way. The main conclusion he makes is that, in spite of the New Labour?s success at the two last general elections in Britain and the positive lessons to be drawn from the third way, it does not mean that all Social Democratic Parties should follow that example, for different social conditions demand different strategies and policies and relevant responses by every party.
Rule of law and democratic control of armed forces in the post-cold war era
Authors: Vankovska Biljana
Published: October 2010

The article examines the thesis that rule of law and the democratic control of armed forces go hand by hand, which is taken for granted equally in Western democracies and the transitional societies. The author spells out a new challenges in the post-Cold world era that have made this equation more disputable. Western democracies face new security challenges, which call for a new legal framework for the democratic control of somewhat internationalised armed forces, and at the same time reconciliation of the 'internationalised' military engagement with the unilateral one originating from the "last and only nation-state". Transitional societies face the dilemma "legitimacy or legality" even with regard to their security sector's civilian oversight. Good examples from the West are either not-applicable and old-fashioned, or are not good examples to follow at all.
From terrorism to national movement
Authors: Basic Nedzad
Published: October 2010

The author analysis the growth of global terrorism and activities of terrorist groups in contemporary world. Focusing on the ethnic and religious background of many terrorist groups, global terrorism, author argues, claims to be a powerful partner in new global conflict, gradually growing into national movements which could be supported by large ethnic, religious or racial communities across the world. Terrorist groups took its driving power and encouragement from the ideas and goals of the main group which principally lies in social injustice or economic inequalities of marginalized large social groups. Their links with ethnic, religious or social background pose the greatest potential threat to states with unstable economies, political turmoil, religious-ethnic hatred and with large-scale immigrants.
Development of armed forces in the European Union
Authors: Gajic Dejan
Published: October 2010

After the end of World War II leaders of the West European countries had realised the necessity to create new security frameworks, thus making the security of the continent the concern of the Europeans themselves. However, immediately after it had been formed the North Atlantic Alliance, as a trans-Atlantic defence shield against the danger from the "communist East", became the central security component in Europe. Just after the end of the Cold War and disappearance of the "danger from the East" the European leaders initiated the process of creation of the new European defence system. The system would be designed in such a way not to jeopardise the position of the NATO, improving at the same time the security and stability in the continent. In the first part of the article the author considers the course of European integration in the second half of the last century that proceeded through creation of institutions preceding the establishment of the European Union. During the period of creation of this specific form of action performed by the European states at the internal and international levels, the deficiency of integration in the military field was notable. In that regard, the author stresses the role of the Western European Union as an alliance for collective defence of West European countries. The second part of the paper discusses the shaping of the EU security component through the provisions on the Common Foreign and Security Policy, which are included in the EU agreements. The Maastricht Treaty defined the Common Foreign and Security Policy as an instrument to reach agreement by member states in the defence field. The Amsterdam Treaty confirmed the role of this mechanism expanding the authorities resulting from it. The Treaty of Nice supplements the existing mechanism by a new military and political structure that should help implement the decisions made by the European Union institutions in the military field. In the third part of the article, the author presents the facts concerning the establishment and internal organisation of the Eurocorps. The creation of this military formation took place in early 1990s and was initiated by the two states of "the old Europe" - Germany and France. The authors also emphasises that the establishment of this formation is the first step towards creation of the armed forces in Europe. The fourth part of the paper treats the Rapid Reaction Force that was established by the Helsinki Agreement (1999). It became operative in early 2003 and its basic aim is to prevent the outbreak of crises in the region and to improve stability in Europe. In spite of the opinions that the establishment of such a force is the skeleton for creation of the European armed forces, the author thinks that, at least in the near future, they will not be a rival to the NATO. In his opinion, their possible military missions will be carried out only when the alliance takes no interest in being engaged in them.
American foreign policy at the crossroads: Between idealism and realism, informal and formal empire, unilateralism and multilateralism
Authors: Vukovic Milovan
Published: October 2010

This article compares and contrasts current U.S. "war on terrorism" and proliferation of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons (NBC?s) with the general U.S. foreign policy during the Cold-War and post-Cold War eras. The focus is primarily on a growing dilemma - "informal" or "formal" American empire - that rises from unprecedented asymmetry in military power between the United States and its closest followers. Also, this article analyzes the role of non-material elements of power (so-called soft power) and reviews recent views regarding the "unilateralism-multilateralism dichotomy" in American foreign policy. The author demonstrates that the "war on terrorism" and proliferation of NBC?s weapons show that U.S. status as the only super-power is not simply a matter of resource availability and relative power. Military muscle is an essential requirement, but it does not itself secure that position. This is especially true for the status of an empire either "informal" or "formal.".
Post-cold war Russian identity
Authors: Rukavishnikov Vladimir
Published: October 2010

The collapse of the Soviet Union meant the end not only of the Cold war but also of the crucial turn in Russia?s fate. For the first time in its history Russia exists as a nation-state not as an empire. Along with the search of new identity Russians faced new challenges and threats to country?s national security and integrity (the Chechen separatist?s uprising, etc). The transitional crisis of identity seems to be finished off at the beginning of 21st century, yet the process of acceptance of new security environment and multi-cultural realities is going on. The paper examines the process of reformation of Russian national and ethnic identity and development national self-understanding in the post-Cold war era.
Market reforms in Russia: Problems and prospects
Authors: Simon György
Published: October 2010

The author analyses the economic reforms that have been implemented in Russia since 1991. In his opinion initial attempts to introduce market reforms by applying the shock therapy and forced-pace privatisation of state-owned enterprises caused high political and social costs to the Russia?s fragile democracy. Therefore the radical reform policy was temporarily suspended while the transition to a market economy was proceeded inconsistently and often unevenly. After the acute financial crisis took place in August 1998 the reform policy has been given new impetus. In the last few years substantial progress has been made in the process of privatisation implementation of reforms in the financial sphere, energy sector, in the approach to the agriculture, in the employment policy, in making changes of the tax and pension systems. All these changes contributed to attaining the sustainable economic growth. The author concludes that for the persisting crisis in a number of areas, the future of the Russian market reforms still remains largely uncertain.
The power of the European Parliament in cooperation legislative procedure
Authors: Lucic Sonja
Published: October 2010

The author explores the power of the European Parliament (EP) in the co-operation procedure, using health and safety Directives as a sample. The measure of power is success of the amendment. Each amendment proposed by the EP was traced through the legislative process, coded according to its type proportion adopted and its reading was introduced in. The results demonstrate that the EP is an influential legislator, as a large proportion of EP amendments is incorporated into the final legislative text. As for the factors affecting the success of amendments the analysis finds that the role of the Commission is considerable, that less politically controversial amendments are more often accepted, but non-technical amendments have a high acceptance rate as well, and that amendments introduced in the second reading have a lesser chance of success than those proposed in the first reading.
Dilemmas over individual and state responsibility for violations of international humanitarian law
Authors: Mengjo Keneth
Published: October 2010

This paper attempts an explanation to some of the complex legal issues surrounding the whole concept of responsibility for violations of international humanitarian law. The arguments here are based on reflections on the draft articles on the responsibility of states for the violations of international humanitarian law adopted by the international law commission as well as opinions of experts on the subject, treaties, conventions international jurisprudence, and internationally recognized principles and customs that govern conduct in armed conflicts so as to limit human suffering particularly of non combatants.
Broadening security concept: From "national" to "human security"
Authors: Djurdjevic-Lukic Svetlana
Published: October 2010

In this paper the author explores advantages and disadvantages of expanding the definition of security from the traditional state-centric and military-oriented focus of security to the broader focus on human security. The author's opinion is that human security indicates important social-economic threats, but that the theory of the concept has not yet been coherently developed. Such a broad concept with so many equally valid dimensions of security lacks mechanisms for the establishment of causal relationship among them, and for prioritisation on policy level. There are no clear answers on key questions: who or what will provide human security under which conditions, and how? The all-inclusiveness of the human security approach reduces its value as a concept both to inform and to legitimise practical policy-making.
Ireland’s “economic miracle” and globalisation
Authors: György Simon
Published: October 2010

The paper gives a comprehensive picture of fundamental issues connected with the Irish ?economic miracle?, with especial regard to globalisation effect. The analysis of Ireland?s economic development in the period from 1960 to 2003 answers the question why it decelerated, instead of accelerating, for a long time: two decades after the accession to the European Community in 1973 and mainly the enigma, the ?economic miracle? why the rate of growth accelerated in the decade after 1993 to an extent (on annual average to almost 8 percent) similar to that previously observed only in East Asia. The country has not only caught up economically with the European Union, but has approximated the level of development of the United States. The analysis shows that all this can be attributed not only to Ireland?s favourable conditions, but also to an adequate economic policy and foreign direct investment. The author reveals the so-called globalisation effect that in Ireland after 1993 had a decisive role in the extraordinary acceleration of economic growth.
Good governance in Bangladesh: Present situation and future challenges
Authors: Momen Nurul , Begum Marzina
Published: October 2010

In this article the authors focus on challenges, experiences and strategies for good governance in Bangladesh. They explore what capacities states need to develop in order to meet the demands and how to strengthen governance institutions, including electoral management bodies, parliaments and judicial systems in Bangladesh.
Ethno-federalism: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Juhász József
Published: October 2010

The study analyses the role of federalism in solving the national and ethnic conflicts. From this point of view it describes the main types of modern federal state: mononational (e.g. USA, FRG), multiethnic (Switzerland, present-day Russia) and multinational forms (former socialist federations, present-day Bosnia-Herzegovina). Hereafter the study outlines the most important views which appeared in the modern political thinking about the role of federalism in solving the national and ethnic conflicts. It refers to the messianistic federalist ideologies, to the French republican tradition, and to the American liberal approach. Furthermore it describes the main characteristics of socialist federations, briefly analyses the causes of their disintegration. Finally the study sums up the most important stabilizing factors of ethno-federations.
India and USA: Meeting of the worlds at the time of globalisation
Authors: Strbac Cedomir
Published: October 2010

In the whole history of modern times India-USA relations were not much developed. It was a relationship of distant worlds and civilizations. After analyzing the basic features of the socio-political and economic situation in the present India, and its international position, the author indicates that from the end of the last century the relations between India and USA are characterized by a specific discovering of each other, approaching to each other and a significant development of mutual cooperation. Within the newly created post-cold world constellation and a new vision of international relations, both countries have found good reasons and substantial basis for potentially productive mutuality.
Russia and the West: Politics, history, culture
Authors: Tanasic Nikola
Published: October 2010

The author firstly examines cultural and historical potentials of Russia, analysing them in their positive and negative aspects. Western ability to fully confront contemporary problems is then challenged through a brief account of the cultural crisis in its society in order to establish, through an analysis of the specific reception of that crisis in Russia, whether it can offer new, fresh and/or different solutions to global problems. Finally, basic Russian cultural and political values are depicted through the history of their actions globally and the power and significance of those values is defended as exceptionally fruitful for appliance to the contemporary socio-political situation, as to the challenges that lay before the global society in the future.
The Adriatic charter: A shorter way to access NATO
Authors: Djukanovic Dragan
Published: October 2010

The author explores the genesis and ranges of interstate cooperation within the scope of the Adriatic Charter of Partnership, signed in Tirana on May 2, 2003 by Republic of Albania, Republic of Croatia and FYR of Macedonia, and the United States of America. First three member states of the Adriatic Charter Group have been united in their common objective to become an integral part of the NATO. USA gives strong impetus to member states of the Group to implement all the criteria for the membership in NATO promoting the "Open Door" policy. The author analyses Charter of Partnership and evaluates results of the meetings of the Partnership Commission and other mechanisms for interstate co-operation.
The Japanese economic enigma
Authors: György Simon , György Simon
Published: October 2010

The subject of this article is the Japanese enigma: the long-lasting extraordinarily rapid economic growth, the so-called Japanese economic miracle, and then a very sharp set-back in the growth rate, the prolonged recession. The authors, using an endogenous growth model, have proven that an economic miracle did not happen in Japan either: the very rapid growth proceeded in conformity with the general regularities of economic development. The main cause of prolonged recession, according to the empirical results, is the currency shock, occurred on the basis of an international agreement in the mid-1980s, which decelerated the hitherto extremely dynamic development of Japanese exports, considerably retarding the main factor of rapid economic growth.
Nuclear weapons in international politics
Authors: Novicic Zaklina
Published: October 2010

The author describes the contemporary situation in the theory and practice of international politics in the field of nuclear weapons. The first part of the paper deals with past results in the process of proliferation and the process of reduction of nuclear weapons, as well as the contemporary nuclear policies of great powers. The second part presents different theoretical approaches to the problem of nuclear weapons - realism, liberalism and the so-called critical or alternative approaches. The author expects that the process of nuclear proliferation will be continued - it will be gradual, controlled and directed by great powers and the USA, in particular.
Europe at the crossroads: Constitution, enlargement and the future of European Union
Authors: Siriski Sofija
Published: October 2010

Following the largest enlargement of the EU from 15 to 25 Member States many people are asking the question: where does Europe end? The Union has already made political commitments to additional EU members: Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Croatia and the other Balkan countries and in spite of the European Neighbourhood Policy further thinking of the EU enlargement also includes Ukraine and Moldova. But the French and Dutch rejection of the constitutional treaty has made the future EU enlargement uncertain and the EU adopted a new comprehensive enlargement strategy based on consolidation of the EU.
Bringing the state back: Strong versus weak states
Authors: Djurdjevic-Lukic Svetlana
Published: October 2010

This paper explores the problem of defining a weak state and the indicators for assessment of a state's strength. The author argues that there is no clear conception because so many different phenomena are attributed to state weakness. State weakness is observed in very different contexts - from geopolitical, to societal, to administrational efficiency. The indicators proposed are not precise even within each of three separate clusters of framing state weakness detected here. Related scholarship is so diversified that term ' weak state' suffers from considerable conceptual vagueness. All-inclusiveness of the concept might provide for various levels of intrusiveness, and hence bears long-term policy implications and practical consequences, for proclaiming of a state weak offer a basis for various forms of foreign interventions.
Procedures in multilateral trade negotiations within the GATT/WTO international trade system
Authors: Markovic Ivan
Published: October 2010

In the first part of the paper the author deals with some general aspects of the very complex process of trade negotiations. He explains that trade negotiations, bilateral or multilateral, are the basis for establishment of the international trade regime. In order to understand multilateral trade negotiations one should be familiar with its basis, which is composed of rules and procedures. Also, it is necessary to take into consideration the fact that these rules and procedures have not emerged at once but have been introduced in the process of adjustment to the needs of negotiators. In the second part of the paper the author considers the procedures in multilateral trade negotiations within the GATT/WTO international trade system.