bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Part III: Advancing Media-related Educational Competencies
Authors: Tiede Jennifer
Published: June 2020

In the first part of this dissertation, selected models and standards from Germany and the USA were introduced, based on a literature review and thus revealing what is considered relevant for practice in a variety of sources and which competencies preservice teachers should acquire, according to these sources. In the second part, methods and selected results of competency measurements were introduced, thus demonstrating ways to operationalize the models and to assess the outcomes of respective processes of such a model integration. Complementary to these theoretical and measurement-focused perspectives on media-related educational competencies, it is important to extend the viewpoint to practices of media-related education of preservice teachers: the objectives both of competency models and of competency measurements ultimately include impacting the respective practices in teacher education and offering a grounded basis and stimuli for improvements and enhanced practice. In accordance with this, various sources emphasize the importance of research on the integration of ICT and respective competencies into initial teacher education (Enochsson und Rizza 2009; Krumsvik 2014; Tondeur u. a. 2017).
Conclusions: Media-related Educational Competencies of German and US Preservice Teachers
Authors: Tiede Jennifer
Published: June 2020

In the previous three main parts, the dimensions of modeling, measuring and advancing media-related educational competencies were analyzed in detail. Against this background, it has now become evident how closely interrelated the three dimensions are. The fourth research question addresses this issue: “What is the relationship between modeling, measuring and advancing media-related educational competencies in both countries?” Hence, the following final chapter will bring together and draw conclusions on the findings presented above and conclude the work with an overall summary and analysis of the relationships between modeling, measuring and advancing media-related educational competencies and with an outlook to further perspectives and research desiderata.
High Temperature Suppresses Fruit/Seed Set and Weight, and Cladode Regreening in Red-fleshed ‘Da Hong’ Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) under Controlled Conditions
Authors: Chu Yu-Chun , Chang Jer-Chia
Published: June 2020

Following high summer temperatures in Taiwan, erratic fruit production and yellowed cladode have been observed in red-fleshed ‘Da Hong’ pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus). However, the specific environmental influences that result in the yield loss and cladode damage are unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate how high temperature affects fruit production and cladode yellowing of ‘Da Hong’ pitaya under controlled conditions. One-year-old field-grown potted plants with moderately yellow-colored cladodes were placed in the phytotron at either 40/30 °C ± 1 °C [day/night, high-temperature treatment (HT)] or 30/20 °C ± 1 °C [day/night, control (CK)] during the natural long-day reproductive period. Floral bud development duration, flower opening behavior, fruit set and development, as well as fruit characteristics and seed setting (which was expressed as the estimated number of seeds), and the weight per fruit at harvest were investigated. In addition, the percentage of dry matter and color change (regreening) of cladodes were examined. We found that floral bud development was completed 8 days earlier than the control, but the time of blooming was 2 to 3 hours later within a day; and fruit set, fruit size, seed weight, and peel color were strongly suppressed in HT-treated plants compared with the control. Furthermore, both the estimated seed number and seed weight were positively correlated with fruit weight, suggesting that reduced seed setting and weight arising from incomplete fertilization in the HT plants may have resulted in fruit drop and smaller fruit. Although the color on the sunny (sun-exposed) side of the cladode remained yellow, the percentage of dry matter in the HT cladodes was not significantly different from the control, indicating that the yellow-colored cladodes did not reduce their carbon supply potential. The results indicate that HT during bloom led to poorer fruit set and lower fruit weight, presumably due to lower seed setting/weight per fruit arising from incomplete fertilization. The HT treatment also caused less regreening of cladodes, but this did not seem to impact fruit production. Further study is required to ascertain whether disrupted stamens or pistils resulting from HT treatment lead to incomplete fertilization.
Pre-operative preparation to anesthesia in children
Authors: Аleksandrovich Yu. S. , Pshenisnov K. V.
Published: June 2020

The objective: the article is devoted to specific parameters of pre-operative preparation for anesthesia in children above 1 month old which is significantly different from adult practice. Special attention is paid to ensuring the psychological comfort of the child, collecting history and physical examination, which allows to assess the physical status of the patient, concomitant diseases and risk factors of airway obstruction during anesthesia. The article presents basic principles of anesthesia risk assessment in children and modern scales used for this purpose. It describes possible complications of anesthesia due to concurrent hereditary pathology in the child. Special parts of the article are devoted to pre-operative starvation, the problem of choice of premedication, specific pre-operative management in case of acute respiratory infections and acute surgical diseases of the abdomen.
Liquid Inoculation with Rhizobia in the Planting Furrow of Common Bean under No‐Till Is Feasible under Different Soil and Climatic Conditions
Authors: Oliveira Dâmiany Pádua , Pereira Thiago de Assis , Rufini Márcia , Martins Fábio Aurélio Dias , da Silva Junior Celso Leandro , Baptista Maria Vitória Batista Duque Guttierrez , da Silva Jacqueline Savana , de Oliveira Priscilla Águida Cassiano , Aragão Osnar Obede da Silva , de Andrade Messias José Bastos , Moreira Fatima Maria de Souza
Published: June 2020

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) producers that have adopted a high level of technology have shown interest in the use of liquid inoculant in the planting furrow, especially because of the practicality of this operation in large‐scale planting operations. However, consistent information on this practice is lacking for common bean, which requires studies to assist the producer in the choice of the inoculation method to be adopted and in determination of the application rates adequate for good performance of biological N2 fixation. To that end, two field experiments were conducted under the no‐till system under different soil and climatic conditions, both of them in irrigated areas. A randomized block experimental design was used, with four replications and seven treatments (three rates of liquid inoculation in the planting furrow; peat‐based or liquid inoculation on the seed; and two control treatments without inoculation, without and with N‐urea). The cultivar used was BRSMG Madrepérola and the rhizobial strain was CIAT 899 (±109 cells of Rhizobium tropici per milliliter or gram). Inoculation on the seed was performed shortly before sowing. Inoculation in the planting furrow at the rate of 3.5 L ha−1 not only leads to higher yields than inoculations on the seed but also ensures bean seed yields equivalent to those of the treatment with mineral N. Therefore, due to operational practicality, inoculation in the planting furrow is the most advantageous of the inoculations tested, regardless of the soil and climatic conditions in this study.
Issues of establishing the permissible discharge levels of 238U to surface waters taking into account its radiation and toxic effects
Authors: Kryshev A. I. , Sazykina T. G. , Pavlova N. N.
Published: June 2020

At present, discharges of 238U to surface waters by nuclear industry enterprises are limited by radiation factor. Registration and control of 238U discharges to water bodies is performed in units of radioactivity (Bq/year) according to the current permit for the water discharge of radioactive substances. At the same time, uranium belongs to the 1st hazard class by its chemical toxicity (extremely dangerous chemicals), it has hygienic standard for content in surface waters. A comparison was made for the limitation of 238U intake to surface waters, taking into account radiation exposure and chemical toxicity. Activity concentration of 238U in water was calculated, at which the annual dose for a critical population group from water use would be 0,1 mSv/year (scenario 1 – the water object is used for drinking water supply) or 1 mSv/year (scenario 2 – the water object is not used for drinking water supply). The calculated activity concentrations were expressed in units of mass concentrations and compared with the maximum permissible concentration of uranium in water, established in Russia, 15 mkg/L. It is shown that compliance with the radiation safety norms does not automatically guarantee compliance with the current hygienic standards for limiting the toxic effects of uranium on population and the environment. The concentration of 238U in water producing the annual dose to population 0,1 mSv taking into account all exposure pathways, exceeds the maximum permissible concentration of uranium in water by 15 times. If water body is not used for drinking water supply, the calculated concentration of 238U in water producing the annual dose to population 1 mSv, is higher than the maximum permissible concentration of uranium in water by 1500 times. The restrictions imposed by the current hygienic standards for the chemical toxicity of uranium could reduce the permissible discharge levels of 238U to surface waters. It is necessary to develop environmental quality standards for 238U, taking into account its chemical toxicity, and include them to the system of establishment of permissible discharge limits of radioactive substances.
Agrobacteium Transformation of Tobacco with a Genetic Module of Antimalarial Agent Artemisinin Biosynthesis
Authors: Mitiuchkina T.Yu. , Pushin A.S. , Tzareva A.K. , Vainstein A.M. , Dolgov S.V.
Published: June 2020

Artemisinin-based medicines are the most effective treatment for malaria. To date, the wormwood plants (Artemisia annua L.) are the main source of artemisinin. Due to the limited nature of this source, considerable efforts are directed towards the development of methods for artemisinin production via heterologous expression systems. We used in this study agrobacterial transformation to transfer the genetic module of the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway into plants and then analyzed its transcription in a heterologous host. Tobacco plants were transformed with the artemisinin biosynthesis genes encoding amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, artemisin-aldehyde All(13) reductase, amorpha-4,11-diene monooxygenase, cytochrome P450 reductase from A. annua and yeast 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase cloned in the pArtemC vector; farnesyl diphosphate synthase and aldehyde dehydrogenase were used to transform the plants as parts of vector p2356. As a result of transformation with the pArtemC and p2356 vectors, in twos transgenic lines with all target genes were obtained. Five genes of artemisinin biosynthesis and two genes of biosynthesis of its precursors were successfully transferred into the genome of transgenic tobacco lines as a result of the co-transformation with abovementioned vectors. Thus, the entire artemisinin biosynthesis pathway was first reconstructed in heterologous plants: the transcription of the artemisinin biosynthesis genes in the tobacco plants was shown via RT-PCR. The obtained results will be used in further research on expression systems for the production of artemisinin and other non-protein substances in heterologous host plants.

artemisinin, malaria, metabolic engineering, tobacco, transgenic plants

This work was supported by a Grant from the Russian Science Foundation no. 19-14-00190.
Dynamic reliability sensitivity analysis for inter-story isolation structure under stochastic excitations
Authors: Zhang Shangrong , Liu Fanglan , Xiao Jianqiang , Hu Yuchen , Deng Hairui
Published: June 2020

Considering the uncertainties of seismic excitation and stochastic parameters of the Inter-story Isolation Structure, the implicit structural response function is transformed into an explicit one by the Stochastic Response Surface Method (SRSM), combined with a probabilistic collocation method based on the linear independence principle. By using the reliability analysis method based on the first-passage failure, the reliability of isolation structure is analyzed and the sensitivity of the reliability of each sub-structure is further analyzed. The results show that conducting sensitivity research based on reliability analysis can provide an important theoretical basis for an optimized and robust design of a random vibration system. The changes of the stiffness and damping ratio of the Isolation Layer have a great influence on the reliability of the system and have different effects on the reliability of different parts of the system. The analysis results of reliability sensitivity could provide system reliability indexes to rank stochastic parameters by their importance, thus improving the efficiency of the structure reliability analysis and optimization design.
Modal parameter identification and finite element model updating of a long-span aqueduct structure based on ambient excitation
Authors: Sun Liguo , Xu Yezhuang
Published: June 2020

In this paper, PSV-500 laser vibration detector and 941B vibration pick-up are used to measure the ambient vibration of an actual aqueduct in China, and the peak picking method is used to identify the modal parameters of the aqueduct. The finite element model of the aqueduct is established, and a model updating method based on multi-objective optimization algorithm is proposed. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the parameters to be updated are selected. The model is updated by the fast non dominated sorting genetic algorithm, and the Pareto optimal solution set of the multi-objective optimization problem is obtained. The comparison between the measured and calculated results shows that the results of static displacement and modal parameters are in good agreement with the measured values. The result of the research shows that the static and dynamic finite element model updating method based on multi-objective optimization can achieve satisfactory results for long-span aqueduct structure, and the updated finite element model can accurately and comprehensively simulate the actual structure.
Art as a Political Act The Russian Agit-Props of the 1920s
Authors: Savaşır Gökçeçiçek , Güleç Ece
Published: June 2020

Emerged in the mid-19th century, the
mechanical reproduction techniques changed the definitions of work of art,
artist, and the social role of art. These transformations triggered an
extensive socio-cultural revolution during the 20th century. Art turned out to
be an instrument for guiding the masses; and the communist ideology politicized
aesthetics. The Russian Constructivists of the 1920s utilized agitation and
propaganda techniques (agit-props) in their art for creating an aesthetic
language for the political propaganda. This study argues that the Russian
avant-garde aiming to bring art into everyday life and urban space became an
instrument for aestheticization of politics. The scope is limited to the agit-props
appropriated by the Bolshevik power. Dwelling on literary and visual
information from literature, it scrutinizes the topic with a historical
interpretation research method. It aims to discuss the agit-props within the
framework of aesthetics and politics,  aesthetic revolution in everyday life and
urban space.
Geleneksel Kuşevleri ve Yeni Uygulamalar için Bir Öneri
Authors: Özçakı Meltem
Published: June 2020

Kuşlar, gerek beslenme amacı ile kullanılmaları gerekse kutsal sayılıp saygı duyulmaları ile tarihi zaman dilimi içinde önem verilen canlılar olmuşlardır. Geleneksel toplumlarda, barınmaları ve onlardan en etkili şekilde fayda sağlanabilmesi için yapılar yapılmıştır. Söz konusu yapılardan biri olan kuşevleri, Osmanlı coğrafyasında yaygın olarak uygulanmıştır. Kuşevlerinin en önemli özelliği fayda beklemeden sadece kuşların barınması için yapılmalarıdır. İnsanlara ait yapıların cephelerinde yer almaları diğer önemli özelliklerindendir. Günümüzde toplum yapısı, inşaat teknikleri, yapım malzemelerinin değişimi gibi nedenlerle yapılmamaktadırlar.
Makale kapsamında kuşevlerinin günümüzde uygulanmalarını sağlamak için fikir geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Makalede öncelikle kuşlara ait yapıların tarihçesinden bahsedilmiştir. Ardından kuşevlerinin insanların kullandıkları yapılarla ilişkileri, yapım malzemeleri ve çeşitleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Sonra kuşevlerinin Osmanlı Mimarisi ve Sanatı açısından önemi üzerinde durulmuştur. Kuşevleri ile ilgili bilgi verilmesinin ardından geleneksel bir objenin, yapı elemanının günümüz şartları içinde tekrar değerlendirilmesi için bir öneri sunulmuştur. Makale kapsamında aktarılan öneri yurtdışındaki bir yarışmada özel mansiyon (special mention) ödülü almış ve çeşitli etkinlikler kapsamında sergilenmiştir.
Maysa ve Bulut Çizgi Dizisi Yapıcı Eleştiri Bölümünün Geleneksel Dokuma Kültürü Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: İslim Filiz , Kılıçarslan Hande
Published: June 2020

Yaklaşık olarak bin yıldır Anadolu’daki varlığını sürdüren Türk milleti Anadolu kültür mozaiğine son derece önemli katkılarda bulunmuştur. Ancak, özellikle televizyon ve internet gibi araçların hayatımıza girmesiyle birlikte küreselleşen dünyada pek çok kültür birbiri ile iç içe girmekte ve kendine ait özelliklerinden bazılarını kaybetmektedir. Bu durum ülkemiz için de geçerli olup son yıllarda pek çok kültürel öğe kaybolmaya yüz tutmuştur. Bu çalışmada Yörük kültürünü anlatan Maysa ve Bulut çizgi dizisinin kilim dokumanın anlatıldığı “Yapıcı Eleştiri” bölümü incelenmiştir. Doküman incelemesi şeklinde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada çizgi dizide kullanılan öğeler ve dokuma motifleri belirlenerek alanyazında yer alan motifler ile tutarlılığı incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları kullanılan öğe ve motiflerin genel anlamda alanyazın ile tutarlı olduğu, ancak bazı motiflerin çizimlerinin alanyazında kullanımından farklı olduğu görülmüştür. Buna rağmen, çizgi dizinin kültürümüzün aktarılması açısından büyük rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Benzer çalışmaların kültürümüzü gelecek nesillere aktarılmasını sağlamak açısından desteklenmesi ve sayısının artırılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Bir Heykelin Niyeti Üzerine
Authors: Yavuz Ömer Emre
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada; heykeltıraş Ümit Öztürk’ün Küçük Hanımefendi filminden yola çıkarak gerçekleştirdiği, Fenerbahçe sahilinde yer alan heykel grubu, sanatçısının ya da izleyicilerinin düşünceleri ya da niyetleri göz ardı edilerek sadece heykelin göstergeleri ışığında yorumlanmaktadır. Bu yorumlama heykelde olanlar (in praesentia) ve olmayanlar (in absentia) arasındaki semantik ilişkiye dair sorulan beş soruya verilen yanıtlarla yapılmaya çalışılmıştır.
A 1D shallow-flow model for two-layer flows based on FORCE scheme with wet–dry treatment
Authors: Martínez-Aranda S. , Ramos-Pérez A. , García-Navarro P.
Published: June 2020

The two-layer problem is defined as the coexistence of two immiscible fluids, separated by an interface surface. Under the shallow-flow hypothesis, 1D models are based on a four equations system accounting for the mass and momentum conservation in each fluid layer. Mathematically, the system of conservation laws modelling 1D two-layer flows has the important drawback of loss of hyperbolicity, causing that numerical schemes based on the eigenvalues of the Jacobian become unstable. In this work, well-balanced FORCE scheme is proposed for 1D two-layer shallow flows. The FORCE scheme combines the first-order Lax–Friedrichs flux and the second-order Lax–Wendroff flux. The scheme is supplemented with a hydrostatic reconstruction procedure in order to ensure the well-balanced behaviour of the model for steady flows even under wet–dry conditions. Additionally, a method to obtain high-accuracy numerical solutions for two-layer steady flows including friction dissipation is proposed to design reference benchmark tests for model validation. The enhanced FORCE scheme is faced to lake-at-rest benchmarking tests and steady flow cases including friction, demonstrating its well-balanced character. Furthermore, the numerical results obtained for highly unsteady two-layer dambreaks are used to analyse the robustness and accuracy of the model under a wide range of flow conditions.
Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for the estimation of precipitation patterns at different time scales to improve the accuracy of discharge simulations
Authors: Liu Dedi , Zhao Qin , Fu Dezhi , Guo Shenglian , Liu Pan , Zeng Yujie
Published: June 2020

Interpolating precipitation data is of prime importance to hydrological design, modeling, and water resource management. Various models have been developed that estimate spatial precipitation patterns. The purpose of this study is to analyze different precipitation interpolation schemes at different time scales in order to improve the accuracy of discharge simulations. The study was carried out in the upstream area of the Changjiang River basin. The performance of all selected methods was assessed using cross-validation schemes, with the mixed methods ultimately displaying the best performance at all three time scales. However, the differences in performance between the spatial interpolation methods decreased with increasing time scales. The unifying catchment Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), ‘abcd’, and the Budyko equation were employed at the daily, monthly, and annual scales, respectively, to simulate discharge. The performance of the discharge simulation at the monthly and annual time scales was consistent with their ranks of spatial precipitation estimation. For coarse, or long period, precipitation, there were no significant differences. However, the mixed methods performed better than the single model for the daily, or short, time scale with respect to the accuracy of the discharge simulation.
Assessment for which tide level saltwater intrusion occurs in a sewer network. Case study: Barreiro/Moita WWTP, Portugal
Authors: Figueiredo A. , Amaral L. , Pacheco J.
Published: June 2020

Salt water from the Tagus Estuary has been identified in the influent at Barreiro/Moita Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), Portugal. The saltwater intrusion occurs during high tide levels in the estuary throughout damaged sections and direct vectors in the sewer network, changing the wastewater characteristics impacting the WWTP processes. This work has designed a methodology to assess from which tide level in the Tagus Estuary saltwater intrusion occurs in the sewer network by measuring WWTP influent's electric conductivity (EC). The methodology identifies saltwater intrusion for tide levels higher than 3.10 m, increasing significantly for tide levels higher than 4.00 m. During this study, 86% of the days registered at least one high tide level higher than 3.10 m, and 8% higher than 4.00 m, demonstrating a considerable occurrence of saltwater intrusion in the system with a tendency to increase due to the mean sea level rise registered in the Tagus Estuary. To prevent it, it is necessary to map infrastructures and assess the most critical points.
Substantiation of Efficiency of Digital Technologies in the Control of Health Quality Indicators Levels
Authors: Kolomiitseva Diana Vladimirovna
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to substantiating the effectiveness of digital technologies in controlling the level of health quality indicators on the example of medical bracelets and fitness trackers. Digital technology has become an integral part of the modern health care system at different levels. The possibility of using such technologies to monitor the health status of almost any person has great promise, since at fairly low costs significant results are shown. Controlling the level of health quality indicators with the use of digital technologies can be used to prevent serious diseases and provide the necessary assistance to patients in time.
A enfermagem e o aleitamento materno de recém-nascidos portadores de fissura labial e/ou palatina.
Authors: Gregory Ellis , Da Silva Souza Alessandra
Published: June 2020

O aleitamento materno é a mais sábia estratégia natural de vínculo, afeto, proteção e nutrição para a criança, porém esse processo de amamentação torna-se comprometido em crianças com fenda labial e/ou palatina (FLP) devido às alterações nas estruturas anatômicas da face, que interferem na sucção e deglutição. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os cuidados de enfermagem referente a amamentação nestas situações especiais e descrever quais são as ações desenvolvidas pela equipe de enfermagem neste processo. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva com abordagem qualitative, sendo entrevistadas 13 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem. Os resultados mostram que a equipe de enfermagem reconhece a importância do aleitamento materno, incentiva a ordenha manual, porém a administração do leite é fornecido pelo recurso da sonda orogástrica, o que nos mostra que este manejo é definido através de uma avaliação individualizada ao recém-nascido pela equipe multiprofissional.
Cholecystokinin-2 Receptor Targeting with Radiolabeled Peptides: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Klingler Maximilian , Hörmann Anton Amadeus , Guggenberg Elisabeth Von
Published: June 2020

A wide variety of radiolabeled peptide analogs for specific targeting of cholecystokinin-
2 receptors (CCK2R) has been developed in the last decades. Peptide probes based
on the natural ligands Minigastrin (MG) and Cholecystokinin (CCK) have a high potential for
molecular imaging and targeted radiotherapy of different human tumors, such as Medullary
Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). MG analogs with high persistent
uptake in CCK2R expressing tumors have been preferably used for the development of
radiolabeled peptide analogs. The clinical translation of CCK2R targeting has been prevented
due to high kidney uptake or low metabolic stability of the different radiopeptides developed.
Great efforts in radiopharmaceutical development have been undertaken to overcome these
limitations. Various modifications in the linear peptide sequence of MG have been introduced
mainly with the aim to reduce kidney retention. Furthermore, improved tumor uptake could be
obtained by in situ stabilization of the radiopeptide against enzymatic degradation through coinjection
of peptidase inhibitors. Recent developments focusing on the stabilization of the Cterminal
receptor binding sequence (Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) have led to new radiolabeled
MG analogs with highly improved tumor uptake and tumor-to-kidney ratio. In this review, all
the different aspects in the radiopharmaceutical development of CCK2R targeting peptide
probes are covered, giving also an overview on the clinical investigations performed so far.
The recent development of radiolabeled MG analogs, which are highly stabilized against enzymatic
degradation in vivo, promises to have a high impact on the clinical management of
patients with CCK2R expressing tumors in the near future.
Advances in Drug Therapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Zhao Xinghua , Zhang Jiaojiao , Liang Yutong , Li Jie , Ding Shi , Wang Yang , Chen Ye , Liu Ju
Published: June 2020

Background:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized
by a local or systemic inflammatory response. At present, the increasing research results show that the
pathogenesis of the disease is complex, and the methods of clinical treatment also show diversity. This
review analyzes and summarizes the existing mechanism research and drug treatment methods in order
to provide a reference value for further drug research and development.

Method:

We carried out a thorough literature search using databases. According to the main purpose of
the article, irrelevant articles were excluded after further examination and directly relevant articles were
included. Finally, the information related to the article was summarized.

Result:

In this article, seventy-four articles are included. According to related articles, there are mainly
four kinds of drugs, namely antimalarial drugs, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressive agents and biological
agents. About fifty-five articles summarized the drugs for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.
The rest of the articles were related to the research progress of the mechanism of systemic lupus
erythematosus.

Conclusion:

This article describes the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, and summarizes
the traditional and new therapeutic drugs, which is not only beneficial to the treatment of lupus erythematosus
patients, but also plays a vital reference significance for the future development of new systemic
lupus erythematosus drugs.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with CAD Undergoing Drug-eluting Stent Implantation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Guan Jieqiong , Song Wenjing , He Pan , Fan Siyu , Zhi Hong , Wang Lina
Published: June 2020

Objective:

The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of duration of dual antiplatelet therapy
(DAPT) for patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a drug-eluting stent.

Background:

The optimal duration of DAPT to balance the risk of ischemia and bleeding in CAD patients undergoing
drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation remains controversial.

Methods:

PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov, CNKI and Wanfang Databases were
searched for randomized controlled trials of comparing different durations of DAPT after DES implantation.
Primary outcomes were major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), and major bleeding, and
were pooled by Bayes network meta-analysis. Net adverse clinical and cerebral events were used to estimate the
surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curves. The subgroup analysis based on clinical status, follow-up
and area was conducted using traditional pairwise meta-analysis.

Results:

A total of nineteen trials (n=51,035) were included, involving six duration strategies. The network metaanalysis
showed that T2 (<6-month DAPT followed by aspirin, HR:1.51, 95%CI:1.02-2.22), T3 (standard
6-month DAPT, HR:1.47, 95%CI:1.14-1.91), T4 (standard 12-month DAPT, HR:1.41, 95%CI:1.15-1.75) and T5
(18-24 months DAPT, HR:1.47, 95%CI:1.09-1.97) was associated with significantly increased risk of MACCE
compared to T6 (>24-month DAPT). However, no significant difference was found in MACCE risk between T1
(<6-month DAPT followed by P2Y12 monotherapy) and T6. Moreover, T5 was associated with significantly
increased risk of bleeding compared to T1(RR:3.94, 95%CI:1.66-10.60), T2(RR:3.65, 95%CI:1.32-9.97),
T3(RR:1.93, 95%CI:1.21-3.50) and T4(RR:1.89, 95%CI:1.15-3.30). The cumulative probabilities showed that
T6(85.0%), T1(78.3%) and T4(44.5%) were the most efficacious treatment compared to the other durations. In
the ACS (<50%) subgroup, T1 was observed to significantly reduce the risk of major bleeding compared to T4,
but not in the ACS (≥50%) subgroup.

Conclusions:

Compared with other durations, short DAPT followed by P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy showed
non-inferiority, with a lower risk of bleeding and not associated with an increased MACCE. In addition, the risk
of major bleeding increased significantly, starting with DAPT for 18-month. Compared with the short-term treatment,
patients with ACS with the standard 12-month treatment have a better prognosis, including lower bleeding
rate and the decreased risk of MACCE. Due to study's limitations, the results should be verified in different risk
populations.
Evolution of Sequence-based Bioinformatics Tools for Protein-protein Interaction Prediction
Authors: Khatun Mst. Shamima , Shoombuatong Watshara , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Kurata Hiroyuki
Published: June 2020

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are the physical connections between two or more proteins
via electrostatic forces or hydrophobic effects. Identification of the PPIs is pivotal, which contributes
to many biological processes including protein function, disease incidence, and therapy design.
The experimental identification of PPIs via high-throughput technology is time-consuming and
expensive. Bioinformatics approaches are expected to solve such restrictions. In this review, our main
goal is to provide an inclusive view of the existing sequence-based computational prediction of PPIs.
Initially, we briefly introduce the currently available PPI databases and then review the state-of-the-art
bioinformatics approaches, working principles, and their performances. Finally, we discuss the caveats
and future perspective of the next generation algorithms for the prediction of PPIs.
Accuracy of Telephone-Based Cognitive Screening Tests: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Elliott Emma , Green Claire , Llewellyn David J. , Quinn Terence J.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Telephone-based cognitive assessments may be preferable to in-person testing
in terms of test burden, economic and opportunity cost.

Objective:

We sought to determine the accuracy of telephone-based screening for the identification of
dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

Methods:

Five multidisciplinary databases were searched. Two researchers independently screened articles
and extracted data. Eligible studies compared any multi-domain telephone-based assessment of
cognition to the face-to-face diagnostic evaluation. Where data allowed, we pooled test accuracy metrics
using the bivariate approach.

Results:

From 11,732 titles, 34 papers were included, describing 15 different tests. There was variation
in test scoring and quality of included studies. Pooled analyses of accuracy for dementia: Telephone Interview
for Cognitive Status (TICS) (<31/41) sensitivity: 0.92, specificity: 0.66 (6 studies); TICSmodified
(<28/50) sensitivity: 0.91, specificity: 0.91 (3 studies). For MCI: TICS-modified (<33/50) sensitivity:
0.82, specificity: 0.87 (3 studies); Telephone-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (<18/22) sensitivity:
0.98, specificity: 0.69 (2 studies).

Conclusion:

There is limited diagnostic accuracy evidence for the many telephonic cognitive screens
that exist. The TICS and TICS-m have the greatest supporting evidence; their test accuracy profiles
make them suitable as initial cognitive screens where face to face assessment is not possible.
Identification and Characterization of Lipopeptide Biosurfactant Producing Microbacterium sp Isolated from Brackish River Water
Authors: Nayarisseri Anuraj , Khandelwal Ravina , Singh Sanjeev Kumar
Published: June 2020

Background:

Bioremediation has taken its call for removing pollutants for years. The oilcontaminated
surroundings are majorly hazardous for sustaining life, but a great contribution to nature in
the form of microorganisms. The complex carbon-hydrogen chain has served as classic raw material to
chemical industries, which has perked up the hydrocarbon waste. Microbial remediation has been thus,
focused to deal with the lacuna, where the new addition to this category is Microbacterium species.

Objectives:

The identification and characterization of lipopeptide biosurfactant producing Microbacterium
spp. isolated from brackish river water.

Methods:

The strain was isolated from an oil-contaminated lake. The strain was tested with all the other
isolated species for oil degradation using screening protocols such as haemolysis, oil spread assay,
BATH, E24, etc. The produced biosurfactant was extracted by acid precipitation, followed by solvent
recovery. The strain with maximum potential was sequenced and was subjected to phylogeny assessment
using in silico tools.

Results:

Novel Microbacterium species produce the extracellular biosurfactant. The surface tension of
Microbacterium was found to be 32mN/m, indicates its powerful surface tension-reducing property. The
strain was optimized for the production of biosurfactant and the best results were obtained with sucrose
(2%) and yeast extract (3%) medium at 7 pH and 40°C temperature.

Conclusion:

The isolate was confirmed to be a novel Microbacterium species that could produce 0.461
gm biosurfactant in 100 ml of the medium throughout a life cycle and novel strain of isolate was deposited
to NCBI as Microbacterium spp. ANSKSLAB01 using an accession number: KU179507.
Vitamin D among Patients of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: A Prospective Case-control Study
Authors: Gadallah Doaa , Sedky Ahmed , Esmaeel Hend Mohamed
Published: June 2020

Background:

Vitamin D has an essential role in enhancing the immune system to fight
and destroy bacteria. People with vitamin D deficiency are highly liable to develop active pulmonary
and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective:

: To evaluate the serum level of vitamin D among patients with pulmonary and
extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Patients and Methods:

A case-control prospective study was conducted among patients with
pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis and asymptomatic persons (controls). The study
included 80 participants, 50 were TB patients, while 30 were controls. Vitamin D 1, 25(OH) assay
was done for all.

Results:

Vitamin D assay of the included subjects revealed that 52 patients were vitamin D deficient,
7 patients had insufficient vitamin D and 21 had normal serum levels. Of the extrapulmonary TB
patients, 35 (100%) had vitamin D deficiency, in pulmonary TB patients, 15 (100%) were vitamin D
deficient. While 2 study subjects (6.7%) in the control group were deficient of vitamin D, 7 (23.3%)
had insufficient vitamin D and 21cases had normal vitamin D levels. There was a statistically
significant relationship between pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB cases and vitamin D deficiency
(P< 0.001).

Conclusion:

Vitamin D deficiency was found among pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis
patients especially among female patients and patients in rural residence. The current study needs
additional work to evaluate the value of adding vitamin D to the TB treatment regimen.
Asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO) among Adult-onset Asthma Patients
Authors: Maranatha Daniel , Amin Nurkristi Permatasari
Published: June 2020

Background:

Asthma and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) are heterogeneous airway
obstruction. This study aims to differentiate ACO and adult-onset asthma based on pulmonary
function tests, smoking history, and atopic status.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study of adult-onset asthma evaluated characteristics, such as
bronchodilator reversibility test, the skin prick test, total serum IgE, and serum IL-13 levels of
asthma patients who were current/former smokers with a smoking history of <10 packs-year and ≥10
packs-year and who also had taken FEV1 / FVC <0.7 post-bronchodilator.

Results:

The data of 30 subjects were analyzed and divided into two groups (23 asthma and 7 ACO
subjects). The ACO patients were older compared to asthma patients (63.4 ± 4.7 vs. 53.7 ± 7.7, p =
0.004). A higher percentage of men was found in ACO than in asthma (85.7% vs. 21.7%, p = 0.004).
There was a difference in the cumulative number of cigarettes consumed in patients with ACO and
asthma (19.4 ± 6.4 vs. 7.2 ± 2.6, p = 0.014). The ratio of FEV1 / FVC post-bronchodilator in ACO
patients was significantly lower than in asthma patients (57.3 ± 6.9 vs. 65.5 ± 8.8, p = 0.033). There
was no difference in the duration of the disease between ACO and asthma (7.2 ± 6.1 vs. 6.1 ± 5.5, p =
0.535).

Conclusion:

Differences were seen in the number of cigarettes consumed and the ratio of FEV1/FVC
in ACO and adult-onset asthma patients. The cumulative number of cigarettes consumed could be a
distinguishing characteristic between ACO and asthma.
Vemurafenib Induced Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): A Disproportionality Analysis in FAERS Database
Authors: Neha Reddy , Beulah Elsa , Anusha Bellapu , Vasista Sharma , Stephy Chacko , Subeesh Viswam
Published: June 2020

Background:

Signal strength for any drug-event combination can be determined using
disproportionality analysis. Vemurafenib is a BRAF inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) in 2011 for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. This study aims to identify
the signal strength of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) associated
with vemurafenib using disproportionality analysis in FDA database of Adverse Event Reporting
System (FAERS).

Methods:

Data were obtained from the public release of data in FAERS. Case/non-case method was adopted for the analysis
of association between vemurafenib use and DRESS. The data mining algorithm used for the analysis was Reporting Odds
Ratio (ROR) and Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR). A value of ROR-1.96SE>1, PRR≥2 were considered as positive
signal strength.

Results:

A total of 7,171 reports for DRESS have been reported in the FDA database. Amongst which 125 reports were
associated with vemurafenib. A cumulative ROR of 17.72 (95% CI 14.83; 21.18) and PRR of 17.46 (95% CI 14.65; 20.81)
were observed. Combination treatment of vemurafenib with cobimetinib had higher number of reports (100) with ROR of
103.42 (84.13- 127.14) and PRR of 94.52 (78.26- 114.15). Four deaths were reported and the non-death serious reports
included hospitalization, life-threatening, disability, and other serious events with 61, 11, 2 and 39 reports respectively.

Conclusion:

Positive signal strength was observed for vemurafenib associated DRESS. The signal strength was higher for
vemurafenib in combination with cobimetinib than vemurafenib alone. Health care professionals should be cautious about
encountering serious adverse events and should be reported to the regulatory authorities.
Poor and Unsatisfactory Disposal of Expired and Unused Pharmaceuticals: A Global Issue
Authors: Nepal Sunil , Giri Anil , Bhandari Ramesh , Chand Sharad , Nepal Sudip , Aryal Santosh , Khanal Pukar , Moktan Jeet Bahadur , Shastry Chakrakodi Shashidhara
Published: June 2020

Pharmaceuticals are beneficial to humankind and emerged as crucial arms to treat/manage
multiple disease pathogenesis in the present era. In analogous, these medicines/ medical devices
should be used cautiously as they possess a potential threat to induce multiple undesired effects that
may be related to human health or the environment. Daunting effects may arise due to the improper
disposal of unused/expired medicines. Hence, to minimize such harm, there should be adequate
knowledge and practice among the population regarding the safe disposal of unused/expired medicines
or related pharmaceutical devices. The lack of approved information regarding safe disposal
of such substances may invite serious concerns like environmental pollution, which may induce
immediate health hazards to the present population and upcoming future generations. There are numerous
ways to dispose of, or manage the unused and expired pharmaceutical substances. Sharing
the medicines among siblings, friends, and family members are never free from serious health risks.
Storing the unused and expired medicines in the home increases the risk of intentional or accidental
ingestion of such substances and may create a health emergency. Disposing medicines like household
and municipal waste may lead to environmental pollution and harm to humans and animals.
The present review finds the multiple unsafe ways of disposal of unutilized medications/tools. Furthermore,
it also summarizes the disposal pattern of unutilized medications among the few developed
and undeveloped nations.
Activity of Some Novel Chalcone Substituted 9-anilinoacridines against Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Computational Approach
Authors: Kalirajan Rajagopal
Published: June 2020

Background:

In the year earlier part of 2020, many scientists urged to discover novel drugs
against for the treatments of COVID-19. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a life-threatening viral
disease, was discovered first in China and quickly spread throughout the world. Objective: In the present
article, some novel chalcone substituted 9-anilinoacridines (1a-z) were developed by in silico studies for
their COVID19 inhibitory activity. Molecular docking studies of the ligands 1a-z were performed
against COVID19 (PDB id - 5R82) targeting the coronavirus using Schrodinger suite 2019-4.

Methods:

The molecular docking studies were performed by the Glide module and the binding energy
of ligands was calculated using the PRIME MM-GB/SA module of Schrodinger suite 2019-4.

Results:

From the results, many compounds are significantly active against COVID19 with a Glide
score of more than -5.6 when compared to the currently used drug for the treatment of COVID19, Hydroxychloroquine
(-5.47). The docking results of the compounds exhibited similar mode of interactions
with COVID19 and the residues, THR25, THR26, LEU27, SER46, MET49, HIE41, GLN189, ARG188,
ASP187, VAL186, HIE164, ASN142, and GLY143 play a crucial role in binding with ligands. MMGBSA
binding calculations of the most potent inhibitors are more stably favourable.

Conclusion:

From the results of in-silico studies, it provides strong evidence for the consideration of
valuable ligands in chalcone substituted 9-anilinoacridines as potential COVID19 inhibitors and the
compounds, 1x,a,r,s with significant Glide scores may produce significant COVID19 activity for further
development, which may prove their therapeutic potential.
Potential Immunotherapy against SARS-CoV-2: Strategy and Status
Authors: Banday Abid H. , Shah Shameem A. , Ajaz Sheikh J.
Published: June 2020

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that was first reported in Wuhan, China in December
2019, has engrossed the world with immense distress. It has shattered the global healthcare system and
has inflicted so much pain on humanity. COVID-19, the disease caused by a microscopic enemy, has
now spread to almost all the countries in the world affecting millions of people and causing enormous
casualties. World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2019. As
of June 15, 2020, almost 7.70 million people have already been infected globally with 428,000 reported
casualties. In the United States alone, 2.14 million people have been infected and 117,000 people have
succumbed to this pandemic. A multipronged approach has been launched towards combating this pandemic
with the main focus on exhaustive screening, developing efficacious therapies, and vaccines for
long-term immunity. Several pharmaceutical companies in collaboration with various academic institutions
and governmental organizations have started investigating new therapeutics and repurposing approved
drugs so as to find fast and affordable treatments against this disease. The present communication
aims at highlighting the efforts that are currently underway to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection
through immunotherapy. Emphasis has been laid on discussing the approaches and platforms that
are being utilized for the speedy development of therapeutic antibodies and preventive vaccines against
SARS-CoV-2. The manuscript also presents a detailed discussion regarding strategy, clinical status, and
timeline for the development of safe and enduring immunotherapy against SARS-CoV-2. All the details
pertaining to the clinical status of each candidate have been last updated on June 15, 2020.