bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Congreso de la Nación Argentina y su funcionamiento a distancia
Authors: Moreno Guillermo Raúl
Published: July 2020

La crisis sanitaria a escala global generada por la diseminación incontrolada del Covid-19 ha afectado la vida institucional de los Estados. En ese contexto, y a partir de las medidas adoptadas por las autoridades públicas, los parlamentos del mundo debieron generar cambios en sus formas habituales de funcionamiento. En el caso de la República Argentina el Congreso Nacional se encontraba paralizado, afectando así la actividad de uno de los poderes del Estado. La posibilidad de celebrar “sesiones virtuales” disparó un debate en los medios académicos y en la opinión pública en general. Las sesiones remotas o a distancia, ¿son constitucionales? El silencio del constituyente sobre este aspecto al reglamentar el funcionamiento de las Cámaras legislativas, lejos de ser un escollo, nos permite a las generaciones actuales realizar una interpretación e integración dinámica o evolutiva sobre la imprevisión constitucional.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound is Having Its Moment
Authors: Lewiss, MD Resa E , Liu Rachel B , Strony, DO Robert
Published: July 2020

Hospital culture regarding imaging and the specialties which perform it has been resistant to change. In particular, ultrasound performed at the point of care (POCUS) has taken a while to become established within hospital systems. The COVID-19 pandemic has seemingly caused acceleration of POCUS acceptance. What is driving this rapid culture change?
The Master Clinician’s Elective: Integrating Evidence-Based Physical Examination and Point of Care Ultrasonography in Modern Clinical Medicine
Authors: Frank MD Maria Gabriela , Pierce MD Cason , Northcutt MD Noelle , Keach MD Joseph Walker , Salame MD Gerard , Allyn MD Rebecca
Published: July 2020

Background: Many internal medicine residency programs have incorporated ultrasonography into their curriculum; however, its integration with physical examination skills teaching at a graduate medical level is scarce. The program’s aim is to create a reproducible elective that combines physical exam and bedside ultrasound as a method for augmenting residents’ knowledge and competence in these techniques with the ultimate goal of improving patient care. Methods: We designed and implemented a two-week elective rotation for senior internal medicine residents, combining evidence-based physical examination with diagnostic bedside ultrasonography. The rotation took place in an inpatient setting at Denver Health Hospital. Program evaluation data was collected data between February 2016 to March 2019. IRB approval was waived. Results: Since its inception in 2016, 19 residents completed the rotation. Residents performed a pre-test and a post-test under direct observation by course faculty. Each resident was measured on the ability to perform pre-determined physical exam and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) skills. In the pre-test, participants correctly performed an average of 40% of expected physical exam maneuvers and 32% of expected POCUS skills. At elective conclusion, all participants were effectively able to demonstrate the highest yield physical exam and ultrasound maneuvers. Discussion and Conclusion: An elective designed specifically to integrate POCUS and physical exam modalities improves the ability of resident physicians to utilize both diagnostic modalities.
"Pidgin" e "crioulo" como rótulos sócio-históricos
Authors: Silva Bruno Pinto
Published: July 2020

Na conferência “How Pidgins Emerged? Not as We Have Been Told” proferida por Salikoko S. Mufwene, professor do Departamento de Linguística da Universidade de Chicago, e destacado especialista na área de estudos de línguas classificadas como pidgins e crioulos, questionam-se diversos pontos da narrativa tradicional adotada por muitos linguistas sobre a emergência de pidgins e crioulos. Toda a obra de Mufwene se contrapõe à narrativa tradicional acerca de pidgins e crioulos por, entre vários outros pontos, redefinir a compreensão dos rótulos “pidgin” e “crioulo”. Segundo Mufwene, pidgins e crioulos se desenvolveram separadamente, em ecologias diversas, e em épocas diferentes. A partir desta perspectiva, os rótulos “pidgin” e “crioulo” são rótulos sócio-históricos, não estruturais e tampouco se relacionam a uma etapa de um ciclo de vida.
A contribuição da instrução e do treinamento fonético no ensino de L2
Authors: Miranda Luma Silva
Published: July 2020

Esta resenha apresenta resultados de três trabalhos sobre instrução e treinamento fonético no ensino de pronúncia de segunda língua (L2). Atualmente, o treinamento fonético está voltado para a melhoria da inteligibilidade da fala do aprendiz de L2. As pesquisas foram aplicadas com falantes de diferentes línguas que eram aprendizes de inglês ou de mandarim como L2. Os resultados de uma série de experimentos com pré e pós-treinamento apontam para a eficácia da instrução e do treinamento fonético no ensino de pronúncia de L2. O principal objetivo desse tipo de prática é não só fazer os aprendizes adquirirem consciência fonológica na língua-alvo, mas também facilitar seu processo de aprendizagem na L2.
Aquisição de línguas de sinais e teoria linguística
Authors: Da Silva Nascimento João Paulo , De Freitas Jr. Roberto
Published: July 2020

A conferência ministrada pela Prof.ª Dr.ª Diane Lillo-Martin (University of Connecticut) propôs-se à apresentação do panorama de pesquisas sobre aquisição de línguas de sinais (doravante LS), realizadas em cooperação entre pesquisadores norte-americanos e brasileiros. Teve como intuito maior a reflexão de como investigações no domínio da aquisição de LS evidenciam pormenores atrelados a universais linguísticos, de modo a contribuir a hipóteses e teorias já difundidas em estudos anteriores com línguas orais (doravante LO). Em vista disso, abordaram-se tópicos de interesse às áreas de psicolinguística e estudos em aquisição de línguas, tais como questões estruturais das LS, especificamente de American Sign Language (ASL) e Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras); efeitos de modalidade visuo-espacial, especificidade do processo de aquisição de linguagem por crianças surdas bilíngues bimodais e implicaturas de privação linguística.
La convivencia luso-hispánica en América: fronteras, contactos lingüísticos y relaciones léxicas
Authors: Rodríguez Mercedes Magdalena , Nunes Barreiros Patrício
Published: July 2020

En este texto reseñamos la conferencia presentada por José Luis Ramírez Luengo titulada “El lusismo en la historia léxica del español americano: dificultades metodológicas y posibles soluciones a partir de un caso práctico”, en la cual se ofrece una visión general sobre el contacto producido en diferentes zonas de América entre el español y el portugués. Expuestos los resultados alcanzados por los estudios hasta la actualidad –y con esto la notable escasez de trabajos centrados en la diacronía–, el conferencista describe las causas históricas que determinaron los diferentes tipos de contactos lingüísticos entre ambas lenguas, problematizando a la vez cuestiones metodológicas prioritarias para investigaciones futuras. Y para evidenciar las especificidades propias de la convivencia hispano-portuguesa en las zonas fronterizas que Brasil comparte con la mayoría de los países hispanohablantes –donde con frecuencia resulta posible advertir una situación de fronteras difusas–, analiza un caso práctico concreto: el español paraguayo del siglo XVIII.
Independência ou morte: o grito das Ciências Humanas na luta contra a militância anticientífica
Authors: Do Carmo Santos Cassiano Luiz , Oliveira Quezia dos Santos Lopes
Published: July 2020

Nesta resenha crítica da conferência “A guerra contra as Humanidades e o que podem nos ensinar os estudos da linguagem”, da professora Dra. Margarida Salomão, abordam-se as principais ideias e consequentes contribuições da fala desta pesquisadora. Dentre os temas observados, estão o negacionismo à ciência, sobretudo na área das Humanidades, e as respostas a este ataque que ciências humanas, em especial os estudos da linguagem, podem dar. A conferencista realiza nesse evento um panorama mundial e brasileiro do cenário político contemporâneo e expõe as relações entre este quadro e a situação atual da ciência. Desse modo, Salomão convoca a audiência a refletir sobre o tema e se engajar nessa luta democrática no espaço acadêmico-científico. Portanto, objetiva-se, com esta resenha, não só referenciar este debate, mas também contribuir para divulgação do saber e desta iniciativa da Abralin ao vivo.
MODERN STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN AIRPORT INDUSTRY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CENTRAL AND NORTH-WEST FEDERAL DISTRICTS)
Authors: Titov A. A. , Yakovlev A. Yu.
Published: July 2020

The existing organizational and legal forms, forms of ownership and the main types of economic activity of such subjects of economic relations in the transport sector as airports have been analysed. The airport infrastructure management in accordance with the Air Code of the Russian Federation is imposed on the operator (air operator), which is a specific legal entity. It can be of various organizational and legal form and form of ownership and also is able to carry out various types of economic activity. Airports of federal significance in the Central and North-West Federal districts have been examined in the article.. Among the legal entities under study can be distinguished such organizational and legal forms as: budgetary institution, state-owned enterprise, business companies (public, non-public joint-stock companies and limited liability companies) of the following forms of ownership: private, mixed and state (federal and owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation). The most common among organizational and legal entities are business entities in the form of a non-public joint-stock company and limited liability company. Among the forms of ownership, the most common form is the ownership of the Russian regions. Among forms of ownership, the most common form is the ownership of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. A significant part is accounted for by business entities with 100 % of their participation.
TALENT MANAGEMENT IN THE CAREER COACHING STYLE USING A METAPROGRAM APPROACH
Authors: Tverdola N. M.
Published: July 2020

There is a point of view that it is already impossible to bring new ideas into talent management. The current practice has been considered in the article and also an alternative approach that can increase the quality of training of talent pool to a higher level has been presented . A new strategy for integrating career coaching and a metaprogram approach into the system of talent pool management, as well as a different starting point for work with it, have been proposed. The prospects and potential of candidates for company vacancies to be included in the personnel reserve are already assessed at the recruitment stage. Specific steps have been listed. The author’s definition of the term “career coaching” has been given.
Microstructure and Pressure Driven Electrodeposition Stability in Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Verma Ankit , Kawkami Hiroki , Wada Hiroyuki , Hirowatari Anna , Ikeda Nobuhisa , Mizuno Yoshifumi , Kotaka Toshikazu , Aotani Koichiro , Tabuchi Yuichiro , Mukherjee Partha P.
Published: July 2020

Interfacial deposition stability at the lithium metal-solid electrolyte interface in all solid-state batteries (ASSB) is governed by the stress-transport-electrochemistry coupling in conjunction with the polycrystalline/amorphous solid electrolyte architecture. In this work, we delineate the optimal solid electrolyte microstructure comprising of grains, grain boundary and voids possessing desirable ionic conductivity and elastic modulus for superior transport and strength. An analytical formalism is provided to discern the impact of external “stack” pressure induced mechanical stress on electrodeposition stability; stress magnitude obtained are in the megapascal range considerably diminishing the stress-kinetics effects. For experimental stack pressures ranging up to 10 MPa, the impact of stress on reaction kinetics is negligibly small and electrolyte transport overpotentials dictate electrodeposition stability. We detail the deposition stability phase map as a function of solid electrolyte to Li metal shear modulus and molar volume ratios under varying operating conditions including external pressure, surface roughness, applied current density and ambient temperature. High current density operation with stable deposition can be ensured with ample external pressure, high temperature and low surface roughness operation for low shear modulus ratio of the solid electrolyte to Li metal.
Natures Therapy for COVID-19: Targeting the Vital Non-Structural Proteins (NSP) from SARS-CoV-2 with Phytochemicals from Indian Medicinal Plants
Authors: Parida Pratap Kumar , Paul Dipak , Chakravorty Debamitra
Published: July 2020

Containing COVID-19 is still a global challenge. It has affected the "normal" world by

targeting its economy and health sector. Research is more focused on finding a cure to this

disease and is less concerned about other life threatening diseases like cancer. Thus we need to

develop a medical solution at the earliest. In this context the present work aimed to understand

the efficacy of 22 rationally screened phytochemicals from Indian medicinal plants obtained

from our previous work, following drug-likeness properties, against 6 non-structural-proteins

(NSP) from SARS-CoV-2. 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations were performed and

relative binding free energies were computed by MM/PBSA. Further, principal component

analysis, dynamic cross correlation and hydrogen bond occupancy were analyzed to

characterize protein–ligand interactions. Biological pathway enrichment analysis was also

carried out to elucidate the therapeutic targets of the phytochemicals in comparison to SARS-

CoV-2. The potential binding modes and favourable molecular interaction profile of 9

phytochemicals, majorly from Withania sominifera with lowest free binding energies, against

the SARS-CoV-2 NSP targets were identified. It was understood that phytochemicals and

repurposed drugs with steroidal moieties in their chemical structures formed stable interactions

with the NSPs. Additionally, human target pathway analysis for SARS-CoV-2 and

phytochemicals showed that cytokine mediated pathway and phosphorylation pathways were

with the most significant p-value. To summarize this work, we suggest a global approach of

targeting multiple proteins of SARS-CoV-2 with phytochemicals as a natural alternative

therapy for COVID-19. We also suggest that these phytochemicals need to be tested

experimentally to confirm their efficacy.
On-Demand Detachment of Maleimide Derivatives on Cysteine to Facilitate (Semi)Synthesis of Challenging Proteins
Authors: Vamisetti Ganga B. , gandhesiri satish , Sulkshane Prasad , Mann Guy , Glickman Michael H. , brik ashraf
Published: July 2020

The maleimide group is a widely used reagent for bio-conjugation of peptides, proteins and oligonucleotides employing Michael addition and Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions. However, the utility of this functionality in chemical synthesis of peptides and proteins remains unexplored. We report, for the first time that PdII complexes can mediate the efficient removal of various maleimide derivatives in aqueous conditions. Maleimide removal by PdII was applied for the synthesis of two ubiquitin activity-based probes (Ub-ABPs) employing solid phase chemical ligation (SPCL). SPCL was achieved through a sequential three segments ligation on a polymer support via a maleimide anchor. The obtained probes successfully formed the expected covalent complexes with deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) USP2 and USP7, highlighting the use of our new method for efficient preparation of unique synthetic proteins. Importantly, we demonstrate the advantages of our newly developed method for the protection and deprotection of native cysteine with a maleimide group in a peptide fragment derived from thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) obtained via intein based expression to enable ligation/desulfurization and subsequent disulfide bond formation in a one-pot process.
Spectroscopic and Electrokinetic Evidence for a Bifunctional Mechanism of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Bai Lichen , lee seunghwa , Hu Xile
Published: July 2020

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an essential anodic reaction in many energy storage processes. OER is most often proposed to occur via a mechanism involving four consecutive proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) steps, which imposes a performance limit due to the scaling relationship of various oxygen intermediates. A bifunctional OER mechanism, in which the energetically demanding step of the attack of hydroxide on a metal oxo unit is facilitated by a hydrogen atom transfer to a second site, has the potential to circumvent the scaling relationship. However, the bifunctional mechanism has hitherto only been supported by theoretical computations. Here we describe an operando Raman spectroscopic and electrokinetic study of two highly active OER catalysts, FeOOH-NiOOH and NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH). The data support two distinct mechanisms for the two catalysts: FeOOH-NiOOH operates by a bifunctional mechanism where the rate-determining O-O bond forming step is the OH- attack on a Fe=O coupled with a hydrogen atom transfer to a NiIII-O site, whereas NiFe LDH operates by a conventional mechanism of four consecutive PCET steps. The experimental validation of the bifunctional mechanism enhances the understanding of OER catalysts.
Quantum Chemical Calculations on Locked Nucleic Acid based Antisense Modifications: A Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study at Monomer Level
Authors: Uppuladinne V N Mallikarjunachari , Dowerah Dikshita , Sonavane Uddhavesh , Ray Suvendra Kumar , deka ramesh , Joshi Rajendra
Published: July 2020

Antisense technology has been developed as the next generation drug discovery methodology by which unwanted gene expression can be inhibited by targeting mRNA specifically with antisense oligonucleotides. It has been observed that a good number of these molecules entered into clinical trials at a faster rate and some of them got approved. The computational studies of antisense modifications based on phosphorothioate (PS), methoxyethyl (MOE), locked nucleic acids (LNA) may help to design better novel modifications. In the present study, newer LNA based modifications have been proposed. The conformational search and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to investigate the quantum chemical parameters of PS, LNA, MOE, and novel LNA based proposed modifications. The conformational search has been done to identify the most and alternative stable conformations. The geometry optimization followed by single point energy calculation has been done at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level for gas phase and B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level for the solvent phase of all modifications. The electronic properties and the quantum chemical descriptors for the frontier molecular orbitals of all the antisense modifications were derived and compared. The local and global reactivity descriptors, such as hardness, chemical potential, electronegativity, electrophilicity index, Fukui function calculated at DFT level for the optimized geometries. These are used for understanding the reactive nature and reactive sites of the modifications. A comparison of global reactivity descriptors confirmed that LNA based modifications are the most reactive modifications and prone to the chemical reactions. It may form stable duplex when it is bound to complementary nucleotides, compared to other modifications. Therefore, we are proposing that one of our proposed antisense modification (A3) may show strong binding to the complementary nucleotide as LNA and may also show reduced toxic effects like MOE.
Vulnerability; a breath of fresh air
Authors: Hornstein Gabrielle
Published: July 2020

This work explores my constantly evolving view on the presence of vulnerability within the medical profession and how it can positively impact the patient-doctor relationship. This work is informed by my clinical experience, however junior I may be with regards to my training.
Teaching an intensive core course for medical students in the era of Covid-19: Mindful Medical Practice on Zoom
Authors: Moore Sarah , Hutchinson Tom A
Published: July 2020

Background The COVID19 pandemic brought many challenges, including delivering interactive courses such as the Mindful Medical Practice (MMP) program to medical students. It also provided opportunities to trial online teaching of the program using technologies such as Zoom. Approach Medical educators from McGill University in Montreal and The Rural Clinical School of Western Australia in Busselton collaborated via Zoom to adapt the MMP program to an online format. This involved weekly meetings to adapt each class and debrief following its delivery. A number of adaptations were required which were implemented with ease while maintaining the program’s integrity. Evaluation The facilitator found the course relatively straightforward to teach with Zoom. In their essays at the end of the coursethe students reported that the MMP program was a valuable experience that they found to be “enjoyable”, “positive”, “interesting”, “beneficial” and “refreshing”. They reported that the online experience offered benefits over face-to-face delivery and was particularly helpful during the COVID19 pandemic. Reflection There were a number of potential limitations: this was a relatively small group of students; the students were already well acquainted with the facilitator; the students and the facilitator were experienced in using Zoom for teaching. The major strength was a clear demonstration of the feasibility of delivering the entire program online that is particularly relevant during this time of stress and uncertainty and also expands the potential to provide this teaching to students and universities across the world.
Perspektywy rozwoju crowdfundingu jako innowacyjnej formy finansowania przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Jabłońska Małgorzata , Burzyńska Dorota
Published: July 2020

Polscy przedsiębiorcy w ostatnich latach stawiają coraz bardziej na innowacje, co immanentnie związane jest z większym ryzkiem realizacji pomysłu biznesowego. Większe ryzyko przekłada się na mniejsze możliwości pozyskania kapitału z tzw. tradycyjnych źródeł. Crowdfunding stanowi nowe podejście do finansowania projektów, których inicjatorami są najczęściej startupy, jednocześnie jest odpowiedzią na powstałą w okresie kryzysu lukę w finansowaniu tego typu przedsięwzięć, gdzie tradycyjne metody finansowania, takie jak pożyczki bankowe czy aniołowie biznesu okazały się nieosiągalne dla innowacyjnych pomysłów biznesowych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie są perspektywy rozwoju crowdfundingu jako innowacyjnej formy finansowania przedsiębiorczości w polskiej rzeczywistości gospodarczej. Dla realizacji celu pracy oraz weryfikacji postawionej hipotezy badawczej przeprowadzono w okresie lipiec–wrzesień 2017 r. badanie ilościowe metodą CAWI na 56 firmach funkcjonujących w parkach technologicznych lub przemysłowo-technologicznych w Polsce. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wysunięto wniosek, iż w opinii respondentów idea finansowania społecznościowego pomysłów biznesowych znajduje się w trakcie ciągłego tworzenia oraz rozwoju, a wartością dodaną skorzystania z tej formy finansowania jest nie tylko pozyskanie niezbędnych środków pieniężnych, ale przede wszystkim zbadanie popytu na rynku lub jego stworzenie.
Uwagi metodyczne do badań nad postawami mieszkaniowymi osób starszych – polski kontekst i zagraniczne aspiracje
Authors: Jadach-Sepioło Aleksandra
Published: July 2020

Rządowa Rada Ludnościowa w publikacjach zwraca uwagę na problem starzenia się polskiego społeczeństwa i jego mieszkaniowy kontekst. Założenia Długofalowej Polityki Senioralnej w Polsce na lata 2014–2020 mają bardzo ogólny charakter, a ich uszczegółowienie wymaga zgromadzenia danych dotyczących potrzeb i postaw mieszkaniowych osób starszych. Dotychczasowe publikacje polskich autorów wskazują, że wiedza architektoniczna dotycząca poradnictwa dla osób starszych oraz rozwiązań czysto technicznych została zgromadzona i szeroko upowszechniona. Brakuje rozwiązań ekonomicznych i społecznych, a wiedzy w zakresie tych potrzeb brakuje. Dlatego celem artykułu jest przedstawienie na przykładzie Australii rozwiązań stosowanych w badaniach postaw mieszkaniowych seniorów. Są one warte dokładnej analizy i rozpropagowania w Polsce – głównie ze względu na ich ekonomiczny walor (instrumenty fiskalne, dopłaty dla seniorów umożliwiające zwiększenie płynności rynku nieruchomości dużych mieszkań). Przytoczono je wraz z rekomendacjami dla polskich badaczy.
Innowacje społeczne – slogan polityczny czy koło zamachowe rozwoju Unii Europejskiej?
Authors: Kruszyński Kamil , Warzywoda-Kruszyńska Wielisława
Published: July 2020

Artykuł dotyczy innowacji społecznych uznanych przez polityków w drugiej dekadzie XXI w. za podstawowy instrument w procesie przeciwdziałania problemom społecznym i ekonomicznym oraz wyzwaniom ekologicznym. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie koncepcji innowacji społecznych, leżącej u podstaw strategii Europa 2020, realizowanej w oparciu o Politykę Innowacji Społecznych Unii Europejskiej (European Union Social Innovation Policy – EUSIP). Ta koncepcja polityczna nawiązuje bezpośrednio do idei tzw. „państwa inwestycji społecznych”, stanowiącej na przełomie wieku XX i XXI odpowiedź na potrzebę zmiany modelu polityki społecznej, wynikającą z nowych ryzyk społecznych i z paradygmatu rozwoju zrównoważonego. Dlatego prezentacja tej koncepcji poprzedza analizy dotyczące innowacji społecznych i ich zakładanej roli w strategicznym podejściu do rozwoju Unii Europejskiej. Artykuł został opracowany w oparciu o celowo wybraną literaturę przedmiotu. Przedstawione zostały zawarte w dokumentach programowych argumenty wskazujące na szczególny potencjał rozwojowy innowacji społecznych oraz uwarunkowania ich upowszechnienia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem innowacji zorientowanych na zmianę systemową. Omówiono krytykę EUSIP, wskazując na ograniczenia rozpowszechniania innowacji społecznych wynikające ze zróżnicowania kontekstów społeczno- -kulturowych, ujawniających się w zróżnicowanych welfare regimes, ignorowane w założonej „szybkiej polityce” realizacji EUSIP. Wskazano na kontynuowanie neoliberalnego podejścia do odpowiedzialności za zabezpieczenie społeczne ograniczające rolę państwa. Artykuł kończy przywołanie danych z raportu Eurostatu dokumentujących realizację celów strategii Europa 2020. Wynika z niego, że sztandarowy cel strategiczny, jakim miało być ograniczenie liczby ludności zagrożonej biedą o 20 milionów, nie zostanie osiągnięty. Oznacza to, że EUSIP nie przyniosła zakładanych rezultatów.
Audyt wewnętrzny a ład akademicki – diagnoza uwarunkowań i zależności
Authors: Palus Grzegorz
Published: July 2020

W artykule przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące ładu organizacyjnego w szkolnictwie wyższym. Zaprezentowano podstawy i założenia funkcjonowania audytu wewnętrznego w polskich jednostkach sektora finansów publicznych. Omówiono również funkcję audytu wewnętrznego na przykładzie publicznej szkoły wyższej w Polsce i rolę audytu wewnętrznego w nadzorze ładu akademickiego.
Ewolucja prawnych instrumentów ochrony konsumentów na polskim rynku kredytów hipotecznych
Authors: Półtorak Bogusław
Published: July 2020

Celem opracowania jest usystematyzowanie rozwiązań ochrony interesu nabywców kredytów hipotecznych oraz próba oceny wpływu regulacji prawnych na rozwój polskiego rynku kredytów hipotecznych. Analiza skutków ekonomicznych rozwiązań regulacyjnych dotyczących kredytowania przez sektor bankowy rynku nieruchomości mieszkaniowych zostanie przedstawiona z uwzględnieniem perspektywy kredytobiorców zaciągających złotowe i denominowane w walutach obcych kredyty hipoteczne na cele mieszkaniowe w latach 2004 –2017. Kredyty hipoteczne z uwagi na przedmiot finansowania wymagają szczególnych form regulacji uwzględniających specyfikę rynku nieruchomości. Ryzyko finansowania nieruchomości mieszkaniowych związane jest w znacznej mierze z długoterminowym charakterem zobowiązania do regulowania spłat kredytu, a w szczególności ze zmiennością kosztu spłaty oraz zmianą wartości zabezpieczenia kredytów hipotecznych. Określenie transparentnych warunków ochrony konsumenta na rynku kredytów hipotecznych jest istotnym elementem stabilności finansowej systemu bankowego w długim okresie. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że w warunkach polskich zarówno regulacje ustawowe, jak i wykonawcze prezentują już wysoki poziom ochrony prawnej interesów konsumentów na rynku kredytów hipotecznych. Niemniej jednak stwierdzić można, że istnieją luki związane z taką ochroną, w tym przed ryzykiem stopy procentowej oraz w procedurach restrukturyzacji kredytów w warunkach niewypłacalności kredytobiorcy.
Problem autonomii profesjonalnej jako przedmiot analizy ekonomicznej
Authors: Szczygielski Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

Termin profesje albo grupy profesjonalne odnosi się do pewnych specyficznych grup zawodowych. Charakterystyczną, ale nie jedyną cechą profesji jest świadczenie przez nie usług o wysokim stopniu asymetrii informacyjnej: przeciętny klient nie potrafi ocenić jakości usługi. Klasycznymi przykładami grup profesjonalnych są lekarze i prawnicy, ale wiele innych grup zawodowych wykazuje przynajmniej niektóre cechy profesji. W opracowaniu podjęto próbę podsumowania i oceny dorobku teorii ekonomii w zakresie analizy działania grup profesjonalnych, w szczególności uzasadnienia i skutków ich autonomii regulacyjnej. Literatura teoretyczna została omówiona w podziale na trzy obszary: grupy profesjonalne a bariery wejścia do gałęzi, organizacja profesjonalna jako gwarant jakości i działanie organizacji profesjonalnych a możliwe interwencje rządu. Przedstawione w artykule badania teoretyczne wskazują, że jakkolwiek istnienie organizacji profesjonalnych ma w pewnym sensie uzasadnienie ekonomiczne, to organizacje takie mają skłonność do tworzenia barier wejścia. Państwo nie powinno całkowicie wycofywać się z regulowania rynków profesjonalnych. W artykule zasugerowano też możliwe kierunki dalszych badań nad profesjami.
The New European Space Strategy in the Light of Modern Challenges for Ensuring the Most Efficient Exploration and Use of Outer Space
Authors: Kolczyński Piotr
Published: July 2020

The geopolitical scene of space activities fluctuates as more and more actors are engaged in the exploration and use of outer space in many revolutionary ways. These changes must be reflected in any future European space strategy in order to guarantee that Europe will maintain its position among the space leaders. This paper analyzes Europe’s current space policy and confronts it with the global challenges in the space sector today. The aim of the article is to recommend a well-adjusted space strategy to ensure the effective and sustainable exploration and use of outer space for the benefit of all European States. Firstly, the paper presents the coexistence of the EU and ESA as the two main conductors of Europe’s space programmes. Subsequently, the diverse motivators, needs and interests of their members in engaging in space-related activities are considered. Secondly, this paper argues that to be able to enhance European capabilities in space operations, the European space policy must focus on providing autonomy in access to and use of outer space. In particular, the paper highlights that to enable autonomy in various fields of space applications, first and foremost, independent access to space must be assured. The paper also extensively analyzes the challenges and opportunities related to the dynamic development of private space sector activities. It emphasizes the significance of the symbiotic cooperation between public institutions and private companies, taking into account its mutual benefits, as well as the need for an adequate regulatory framework backed by the right policy in order to incentivize private investments. Current difficult questions related to establishing an up-to-date space regime, and amending or just clarifying regulations concerning procedures and decision-making processes are addressed, with suggestions for future elaboration. The paper concludes that it is the right time for Europe to build a bold and forward-looking space policy.
The gloss on the judgment of the NSA dated 8 march 2017, II osk 1698/15
Authors: Zwolak Sławomir
Published: July 2020

The subject of gloss on the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court, ref. II OSK 1698/12, includes the issue of establishing a party in the proceedings for the annulment of the decision on the use permit for a building. In the opinion of the Supreme Administrative Court, the procedure of extraordinary proceedings, in this case, cannot be limited only to the possibility of the investor initiating proceedings.
A Model of Science to Base the Introduction of Aspects of Nature of Science in Teaching Contexts and to Analyse such Contexts
Authors: Santos Monique , Maia Poliana , Justi Rosária
Published: July 2020

Some Science Education researchers have emphasised the importance of discussing aspects of Nature of Science, in a contextualised, and/or explicit, and/or integrated manner within science teaching. Distinct alternative approaches, known as contemporary and comprehensive ones, identify what to introduce in science teaching; however, none of them didactically characterise the meaning of such aspects of Nature of Science. Seeking to contribute to filling this gap, in this paper we have adopted one of these approaches as the theoretical background and have expanded it. For this, we have studied each of the disciplinary perspectives that are part in such an approach. Thus, we characterise such disciplinary perspectives, meaning that we identify and detail the meaning of the aspects of Nature of Science related to each of them, as well as their scopes and limitations. This also results in changes to its visual representation, an analogue-based one. As a result, the new approach can be used both by teachers, in planning more authentic teaching situations, and by researchers in analysing data collected in teaching contexts. Both functions are exemplified in this paper, being taken from some studies that have been, or are being, conducted. By discussing both functions, we identify consequences for science teaching in basic education, for teacher education and for research in the area.
LEITURA E TRABALHO DOCENTE NA ESCOLA: ontem e hoje
Authors: Oliveira Rosemary Lapa
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo provocar uma discussão acerca das ações pedagógicas que envolvem as aulas de leitura no ensino médio das escolas de educação básica no Brasil, focando-se na produção de leitura e como, diante das políticas brasileiras sobre a formação docente, os professores continuam apresentando uma pedagogia da leitura que é obsoleta diante das demandas sociais e não alcança as expectativas dos textos do Governo Federal sobre a formação para o letramento. O percurso de construção do texto considerou um breve apanhado histórico, no qual se historicia a relação que a escola vem mantendo com a leitura, através de evidências documentais e literárias, culminando com dados empíricos de pesquisa realizada em uma escola de ensino médio da capital baiana no momento em que o livro didático é implantado no ensino médio. Assim, foram trazidos depoimentos de docentes e discentes relatando suas experiências com o ensino aprendizagem de leitura na escola. Os resultados apontam que, embora tenha havido uma melhora nos resultados de avaliações externas com relação à leitura, muito esforço ainda precisará ser dispensado para que a formação do leitor considere a autonomia, a situacionalidade e a intercriticidade, adjetivos considerados primordiais para a constituição de sujeitos de leitura.
ESTRUTURA E ORGANIZAÇÃO NA UNIVERSIDADE MULTICAMPI
Authors: Andrade Celeste Maria Pacheco de , Pimenta Lídia Boaventura
Published: July 2020

O estudo ocupa-se da estrutura organizacional da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, entre os anos de 2005 a 2015, indicando um quadro de mudanças e permanências que se associam às demandas internas e externas da instituição. Investiga as motivações e estratégias utilizadas nas alterações operadas na estrutura organizacional da instituição considerando o modelo multicampi. A partir de legislação específica e documentos da IES, adota-se uma natureza descritivo-qualitativa de pesquisa amparada numa perspectiva da gestão que considera a importância das alterações na estrutura organizacional na perspectiva de atender e acompanhar as características do modelo. O artigo faz uma exposição sobre o modelo multicampi, com ênfase na descentralização como forma de democratizar o acesso à educação superior e analisa a forma de organização da universidade com base no sistema de fluxo de organização e modelos de estrutura organizacional, que abrange a área acadêmica e administrativa. Conclui que a UNEB se estruturou para atender a exigências específicas da sua natureza multicampi no sentido de buscar a excelência que uma universidade pública e de qualidade almeja.
A simple COVID-19 model applied to American states to simulate mitigation and containment strategies
Authors: Yarsky Peter
Published: July 2020

Background

The objective of the current work was to develop a simple predictive model of the spread of the novel coronavirus (i.e., 2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) in the United States. The intent was to develop a simple, fast running model that could be used to make predictions regarding the effectiveness of various public policy proposals to mitigate or contain the spread of the virus. In the US, various states have adopted a patchwork of different strategies to manage the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. The model can be used to predict medical resource needs to support comparison of possible strategies and forecast consequences in terms of virus-caused casualties.

Methods

The simple model was constructed based on the SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Removed) epidemiological model. The current work builds on the work of Tang, et al., to enhance the SIR model with additional subpopulations. Accounting for different subpopulations in the model requires the use of additional differential equations to track the evolution of the subpopulations, but the basic principle is the same. The method tracks subpopulations of individuals that are exposed (but not yet showing symptoms) (E), asymptomatic carriers (A), and quarantined individuals (if quarantine measures are adopted as part of mitigation or containment strategies) (Q). The current model throughout this paper is referred to as the SEIR+AQ model.

Results

Several SEIR+AQ models were constructed for different states in the US. In these different models, the only factors adjusted are specific to the state (e.g., population) and a small number of “cultural” parameters. The cultural parameters were adjusted to achieve good agreement with available validation data. Consistent good agreement over many states indicates that the model’s predictive efficacy is reasonable. Once the models were validated, the predictions were compared to the University of Washington Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) model predictions to verify the SEIR+AQ model through code-to-code benchmarking against a leading COVID-19 model.

Conclusions

Two analytical case studies are presented. In the first, the model is used to predict the consequences of relaxing social distancing in favor of a particular containment strategy in the District of Columbia (DC). The predictions indicate that containment may be a viable strategy to reopen sectors of the economy in Washington, DC. In the second, the model is used to predict the consequences of relaxing social distancing in the state of Georgia (GA) without imposing any specific, new containment policies. The predictions show a dramatic increase in hospitalizations a short period after the relaxation of the social distancing orders.
Resenha - A criação na escrita, na arte e na psicanálise
Authors: Módolo Marcelo , Aragão Lucas Vinicius
Published: July 2020

Resenha do livro Os processos de criação na escrita, na arte e na psicanálise de Philippe Willemart (Coleção Estudos. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2009) que compõe uma série de textos com reflexões complexas e eruditas sobre variados domínios (literário, filológico, educacional e artístico), todos interligados fundamentalmente pelo emprego de conceitos da literatura psicanalítica lacaniana e freudiana.
O coro dissonante de uma tradição: Itamar Assumpção e a cultura no Teatro Lira Paulistana
Authors: Machado Silas Rodrigues
Published: July 2020

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar e interpretar a canção Cultura Lira Paulistana, presente no disco lançado por Itamar Assumpção em 1998, Pretobrás. Pretende-se, em perspectiva interdisciplinar, revelar como os elementos que estruturam essa canção problematizam, questionam e propõem uma alternativa para a cultura que predominava na grande mídia no período de transição democrática e na década posterior. A Semiótica da Canção formulada por Luiz Tatit e o estudo sobre a música popular gravada desenvolvido por Sergio Molina nortearão a análise.
Факторы стабилизации продуктивности агроценоза яровой пшеницы
Authors: Батяхина Нина Арсентьевна
Published: July 2020

В 2017 – 2018 гг. в звене севооборота: вико-овсяная смесь на зеленую массу – озимая пшеница – яровая пшеница — изучено влияние комплексного использования азотных удобрений и гербицидов на снижение фитосанитарной нагрузки в агроценозе нового сорта яровой пшеницы Ладья, её продуктивность и свойства серой лесной почвы. Опыты проводили в зоне Владимирского Ополья. Потери урожая пшеницы при слабой засорённости достигли 6 – 9 %, при средней — 19 – 28 %, при сильной — 36 – 63 %. Использование азотных удобрений увеличивало количество сорняков в агроценозе пшеницы. В зависимости от внесённого под пшеницу азотного удобрения засорённость посевов в опыте по отношению к контролю увеличивалась на 14 %. Этому больше всего способствовала аммиачная селитра. При использовании гербицидов Пума супер 0,6 л/га (против злаковых сорняков) и Линтур 135 г/га (против двудольных сорняков) снижение уровня засорённости составило 80 %. Химическая прополка посевов пшеницы на фоне азотных удобрений способствовала получению урожайности на уровне 2,874 – 3,04 т/га, что выше на 0,952 – 1,122 т/га по отношению к абсолютному контролю. Только 2 предшественника (однолетние и многолетние травы) обеспечивали в зоне Ополья удовлетворительное фитосанитарное состояние почвы под яровой пшеницей, создавая предпосылки для частичной отмены биологических и химических методов борьбы против засорённости и возбудителей болезней. Глубина заделки удобрений существенно не влияла на активность микробиоценоза почвы. Весной внесение удобрений вызвало некоторое нарушение состояния почвенной микробиоты, но потом экосистема возвращалась в состояние равновесия.
KEPEMILIKAN ASING DAN KECENDERUNGAN EKSPOR-IMPOR INDUSTRI MAKANAN OLAHAN INDONESIA
Authors: Nauly Dahlia , Harianto  , Hartoyo Sri , Novianti Tanti
Published: July 2020

Abstrak

Sektor makanan olahan merupakan salah satu andalan ekspor nonmigas Indonesia. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan ekspor produk makanan olahan Indonesia adalah dengan melibatkan pihak asing agar menanamkan modalnya pada industri makanan olahan. Di sisi lain kepemilikan asing masih menjadi perdebatan di Indonesia. Pembatasan kepemilikan asing dilakukan untuk melindungi perusahaan domestik. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis dampak kepemilikan asing terhadap kecenderungan ekspor output dan impor bahan baku perusahaan makanan olahan Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data cross section hasil Survei Tahunan Industri Besar dan Sedang tahun 2010 dan 2015 dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis model Tobit. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan asing berpengaruh positif terhadap kecenderungan ekspor makanan olahan. Pengaruh besarnya porsi kepemilikan asing bergantung pada kebijakan substitusi impor atau promosi ekspor yang diterapkan pemerintah. Kepemilikan asing juga berpengaruh positif pada kecenderungan impor bahan baku makanan olahan. Oleh sebab itu, untuk meningkatkan ekspor makanan olahan pemerintah perlu mendorong investasi asing di industri makanan olahan. Upaya untuk mengurangi impor bahan baku oleh perusahaan asing dapat dilakukan dengan mendorong penyediaan bahan baku lokal yang kompetitif dari segi harga dan kualitas.

 

Abstract

The processed food sector is one of the contributors to Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports. One of the efforts to increase Indonesian processed food products export is by involving foreign parties to invest in the processed food industry. On the other hand, foreign ownership is still debated in Indonesia. Restrictions on foreign ownership are often done to protect domestic companies. This study aims to analyze the impact of foreign ownership on processed food export and raw material import propensity of Indonesia's processed food. The data used are the cross-section data from 2010 and 2015 Large and Medium Industry (IBS) from Statistics Indonesia. The Tobit regression model is utilized in this research. The results show that foreign ownership has a positive effect on processed food export propensity, but the large share of foreign ownership depends on the policies adopted by the government, whether import substitution or export promotion. Foreign ownership also has a positive effect on raw material import propensity. Therefore, to increase exports of processed food, the government needs to encourage foreign investment in the processed food industry. To reduce imports of raw materials by foreign firms is carried out by encouraging the domestic supply of raw materials, which is competitive in price and quality.

JEL Classification: F14, F23, O53
AI Meets Chemistry
Authors: Kishimoto Akihiro , Buesser Beat , Botea Adi
Published: July 2020

We argue that chemistry should be the next grand challenge for Artificial Intelligence. The AI research community and humanity would benefit tremendously from focusing AI re- search on chemistry on a regular basis, as a benchmark as well as a real-world application domain. To support our position, we review the importance of chemical compound discovery and synthesis planning and discuss the properties of search spaces in a chemistry problem. Knowledge acquired in domains such as two-player board games or single-player puzzles places the AI community in a good position to solve critical problems in the chemistry domain. Yet, we show that searching in chemistry problems poses significant additional challenges that will have to be addressed. Finally, we envision how several AI areas like Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, planning and search, are relevant for chemistry.