bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Get Ready’: Improving the Transition Experience of a Diverse First Year Cohort Through Building Student Agency
Authors: Larsen Amy , Horvath Deanna , Bridge Christopher
Published: September 2019

A great deal has been achieved in recent years in understanding how universities can best support the transition to higher education of an increasingly diverse student body (Kift, 2015). Numerous studies have identified transition program elements that correlate with improved success and retention for commencing students. Lizzio’s ‘five senses’ model (2006) rationalises these diverse features into a framework consisting of five affective domains that need to be developed in students to ensure successful transition. To assess how well a program based on the Lizzio model supports transition in practice, we evaluate our Get Ready transition program, developed for a large-enrolment first year Human Physiology subject with a highly diverse student cohort. We conclude that embedding the development of Lizzio’s five senses in a performative way is the key to building students’ agency and nurturing their identity as thriving members of a new academic community.
Exploring EFL Learners’ Perceptions about Journal Writing: Voices from the Saudi Context
Authors: Alfalig Hanady Abdulaziz , Rajab Baraa Adel
Published: September 2019

This small-scale qualitative study aims to explore the Saudi EFL learners’ perceptions and experiences about their journal writing practice. The study adopts an interpretive approach to understand the multiple realities and subjective experiences of twenty-two female students in the Saudi context. Suiting its purpose, this study utilizes a qualitative data collection tool, which are semi-structured interviews to elicit and gather EFL learners’ views about their writing skills and journal writing activity. The interviews were manually transcribed and inductively analyzed aiming to answer three research questions. The iterative process of data analysis led to the emergence of five major themes which are: a) The Trend of Writing a Journal in the Saudi Context; b) The Significance of Writing a Journal in the Saudi Context; c) The Impact of Writing a Journal on EFL Learners’ Writing Skills; d) The Challenge of Writing a Journal in the EFL Context; and e) The Future of Writing a Journal in the Saudi EFL Context. In the light of the findings, recommendations and suggestions are put forward to make journal writing an integral part of the EFL curriculum in the Saudi EFL context.
MAcute Borrelia burgdorferi infection in pregnancy
Authors: Senthan Rasiah Stephen , Condon Niamh , Michael OBrien James
Published: September 2019

Introduction: There is a paucity of information regarding the potential complications and sequelae regarding intrauterine exposure to Borrelia burgderfori. Borrelia infection continues to be of increasing concern, with endemic regions now spanning the United States, and a continual increase in the number of documented cases of infection annually.

Case Report: A 26-year-old gravida 1 para 0 who presented at 21 weeks 2 days gestational age to her primary care provider and was diagnosed and treated for a right knee Lyme monoarthritis. Antenatal course was complicated with fetal growth restriction and concern for a congenital cardiac malformation. The patient underwent induction of labor and delivered a viable male infant at 39 weeks. The patient had an uncomplicated postpartum course and was discharged home on postpartum day two. She followed up with her rheumatology providers at three months and showed improvement in her right knee Lyme monoarthritis. Her neonate underwent an echocardiogram following delivery which showed a small atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, patent foramen ovale, and a pericardial effusion. Repeat echocardiogram was performed at three months of age and showed resolution of those abnormalities and no evidence of any other cardiac abnormalities. The infant is currently meeting all expected developmental milestones.

Conclusion: There remains a gap in knowledge regarding the potential adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes that can result from acute infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Given the potential for severe sequelae, providers must be aware of the appropriate treatment regimens for these patients during pregnancy, especially in endemic areas.
What a pain in the neck: Crowned dens syndrome as an uncommon cause of neck pain
Authors: M Pandelidis Alexander , W Dow Alan
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Crowned Dens Syndrome is an uncommon manifestation of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease caused by crystal deposition and associated inflammation in the C1 and C2 area of the spine. Crowded Dens Syndrome typically causes posterior neck pain and limitation in range of motion. This report describes a case of this unusual and challenging diagnosis and its importance in the differential diagnosis of neck pain.

Case Report: An 80-year-old woman presented as a transfer from another hospital for evaluation for possible epidural abscess. She noted several weeks of progressive posterior cervical neck pain. The pain was worse with passive motion, especially flexion, and she had decreased range of motion in all directions. She had elevated inflammatory markers, and neck computed tomography (CT) scan was non-diagnostic. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for treatment of a possible abscess or meningitis were initiated without improvement. After arrival at our hospital, a dual-energy CT scan concentrated at the C1–C2 area was performed. This imaging revealed multiple calcific deposits surrounding the odontoid with associated soft tissue thickening consistent with Crowned Dens Syndrome due to calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. She improved with steroid treatment.

Conclusion: Crowned Dens Syndrome presents similarly to infectious, malignant, and other inflammatory causes of neck pain. Because specific imaging is often necessary to make the diagnosis, clinical awareness and suspicion are essential for identifying this condition and prescribing the correct therapy.
Digital Content Model Framework Based on Social Studies Education
Authors: Sulianta Feri , Sapriya Sapriya , Supriatna Nana , Disman Disman
Published: September 2019

The growth of the digital world brings positive and also negative influences in the society, For example, the overwhelmed of uneducated material, provoking news, the contents teaches unhealthy behavior, or hoaxes. Most of the people do not have abilities to recognize quality contents or well written contents. Those conditions are really matter, in the 21st century, people must have digital literacy the competencies. In order that the societies will be ready to deal with technology and to address the usefulness of digital content.The community must act as a smart content consumer, and also as a good content producer, so that people have ability to create good digital content and get the benefit of information. However, due to the lack of digital content framework, people have difficulty assessing the quality of digital content, and it is difficult to create content with good criteria. Therefore, it is important to create digital content standards that have a positive goal in the age of technology.To make digital content standards a digital content model was developed which was developed with Research and Development methods, involved students and cyber society on the internet. The digital content framework contains several elements, such as: pillar of social studies education, writing, knowledge, digital media, search engine optimization, and digital copyrights, which will be published in User Generated Content Platform. Furthermore, digital content model framework has been tested and has a useful principle that is used as a guidance for making high quality digital content which considers the virtue of society and the art of state of information technology.
Spinal Anesthesia Is Associated With Decreased Complications After Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Warren Jared , Sundaram Kavin , Anis Hiba , Kamath Atul F. , Mont Michael A. , Higuera Carlos A. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: September 2019

Background:

We compared the following 30-day outcomes for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty in spinal anesthesia (SA) versus general anesthesia (GA) (1) mortality, (2) major and minor complication rates, and (3) discharge disposition.

Methods:

From 2011 to 2016, the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database contained 45,871 SA total hip arthroplasties and 65,092 receiving GA. There were 80,077 SA TKAs and 103,003 GA TKAs. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression evaluated associations between anesthesia type and 30-day outcomes.

Results:

Anesthesia modality was not associated with 30-day mortality (P > 0.05). The GA cohorts were at a greater risk for any complication, major complications, and minor complications (P < 0.05). Patients who received GA were at an increased risk for nonhome discharge.

Conclusion:

Patients who undergo total joint arthroplasty with SA experience fewer 30-day complications and are less likely to have a nonhome discharge than those with GA.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 11, No. 10
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: September 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 11, No. 10, 2019.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 13, No. 9
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: September 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 13, No. 9
Impulse Oscillometry
Authors: Desai Unnati , Joshi Jyotsna M.
Published: September 2019

Pulmonary function testing involves a battery of tests from the simple pulse oximetry to the cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is one of the newly described pulmonary function tests. It is based on the old principle of forced oscillatory technique modified and refined as per research and advances. It involves the use of sound waves during normal tidal breathing, which gives information on oscillatory pressure-flow relationships and eventually resistance and reactance. The resistance at 20 Hz (R20) represents the resistance of the large airways. The resistance at 5 Hz (R5) means the total airway resistance. (R5–R20) reflects resistance in the small airways. The reactance at 5 Hz (X5) indicates the elastic recoil of the peripheral airways. Resonant frequency and area of reactance are also measured. IOS has major uses in diagnosis and control of asthma in children and the elderly, where spirometry is otherwise normal. IOS has been studied in other respiratory diseases like COPD, ILD and supraglottic stenosis.
The Significance of Clinical Awareness of Anatomical Variations
Authors: Tomos Ioannis , Raptakis Thomas , Economopoulos Nikolaos , Papiris Spyros A. , Karakatsani Anna
Published: September 2019

So far, diverse congenital anatomical variations have been recognized as a consequence of failed developmental process during early embryogenesis [...]
CONSERVATION OF MUSEUM OBJECTS AS
AN EMPLOYEE’S PIECE OF WORK AND AS AN
OBJECT OF CIVIL LAW OBLIGATION
Authors: Gredka-Ligarska Iwona
Published: September 2019

The paper contains analysis of the legal relationships
that constitute the basis of museum objects’ conservation.
In the introductory part a brief presentation of
the essence of conservation as a process always aimed at
the object’s good is contained. It is reminded that views on
a creative effect of conservation projects have already been
well rooted in the doctrine. The basic topic of considerations
is the legal analysis of an Employment Contract and Civil Law Contract to conduct conservation. It is the two, analysed in the
perspective of museum objects’ conservation, that are of major
importance for museum practice. Furthermore, employee’s
piece of work resulting from museum objects’ conservation
is analysed as a creative activity of individual nature. The
specificity of a Contract to Conduct Conservation is presented,
which has been qualified as a mixed contract, combining elements
of a Specific-Task Contract and Deposit Contract.
Analysis of the surface geometry of the
orthodontic archwire and their influence
on the bacterial adhesion
Authors: Ziębowicz B. , Woźniak A. , Ziębowicz A. , Ziembińska-Buczyńska A.
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The aim of this work is to characterize the surface geometry of the orthodontic
archiwire and their influence of the pitting corrosion resistance and bacterial adhesion.
Design/methodology/approach: In the paper, the results of the SEM/EDS analysis and
microscopic observation of the samples surface and analysis of geometrical structure with
the use Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Confocal Microscopy were presented as well
as the pitting corrosion test and surface roughness and microhardness measurements
were performed. Additionally the microbiological study after bacterial breeding with the use
Scanning Electron Microscope was carried out.
Findings: In the basis of the investigation, it can be concluded that the surface geometry
of archwire has a significant impact on their pitting corrosion resistance in artificial saliva
solution and on the bacterial adhesion. The obtained results show satisfactory properties
and surface geometry of the tested orthodontic wires for use in the human oral environment.
Research limitations/implications: In the future, it is planned to extend the research
with physicochemical properties and the influence of oral hygiene products on the corrosive
behaviour of the material. Limitations in the conducted tests refer to archwire design – a small
diameter making measurements difficult.
Practical implications: The oral environment is an extremely aggressive corrosive
environment. The orthodontic elements should have very good corrosion resistance and
biocompatibility. The focus should be on continuously improving orthodontic wires in terms
of material quality and topography of its surface topography.
Originality/value: The research is conducted in the field of biomedical engineering, which
is part of material engineering and is used for the field of dentistry and microbiology.
Nanoporous surface treatment
of aluminium by anodisation in oxalic acid
Authors: Dass G. , Kushwaha M.K.
Published: September 2019

Purpose: Well-ordered nanoporous anodic surface on aluminium substrate was obtained
by anodisation method in 0.3 M of oxalic acid as an electrolyte. The objective of this perusal
is to describe a system for the magnifying diameter of pores and resistance of demolition of
the oxide layer at various voltages. The effect of voltage and time of anodisation process in
which obtaining the required structure in AAO film.
Design/methodology/approach: The experiments have been performed on a setup for
anodisation considering variables parameters. In this study, AAO Templates were prepared
in oxalic acid of 0.3 M concentration under the potential range of anodisation 30-40 V at
relatively temperatures range from 20-30°C of an electrolyte. Anodic voltage, current density
and temperature of electrolyte were adopted as electrical parameters during anodisation.
Before anodisation starts two crucial pre-treatment i.e. annealing and electropolishing are
finished.
Findings: The diameter of pores and pitch of pores are well-proportional to anodisation
voltage and process time. The pore diameters were 85 nm, 138 nm, 184 nm, 248 nm
with having 9, 16, 27, 37 porosity % respectively. The thickness of AAO film in all cases
has been found to be maximum or constant after one hour in second step anodisation.
The anodisation parameters like voltage, the time duration of the anodisation process
and temperature are very essential features which influencing the fabrication of an AAO
film.
Research limitations/implications: The anodisation process is very easy to perform but
very complex to understand as there are many parameters which may affect it.
Practical implications: After that, the second step anodisation for the next half hour,
there will be no change in the thickness of AAO film but after that dissolution rate starts over
the formation rate and finally thickness will be decreasing.
Originality/value: Therein is numerous macropores in the membrane with the size of
pores variation from 163 to 248 nm. The diameter of pores, thickness, and pore density of
AAO film was determined through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which exhibited
that homogeneous honeycomb-like structure has appeared on the entire surface where
anodisation performed precisely.
Research on Flow Characteristics of Electronically Controlled Injection Device Developed for High-Power Natural Gas Engines
Authors: Sun Binbin , Ge Wenqing , Wang Yongjun , Tan Cao , Li Bo
Published: September 2019

Accurate fuel supply is a key factor that influences the performance of high-power natural gas engines. The premixed and single-point natural gas supply system is the most commonly used method to ensure a large fuel supply but one of its shortcomings is the inaccuracy of the fuel supply. A new type of natural gas injection device with fungiform configuration and electronically controlled actuator was developed to achieve high efficiency and stable operation in high-power natural gas engines. Firstly, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the injection device was created. Based on this model, the key structure parameters that have a significant influence on the outlet flow were confirmed. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) model was developed to identify the optimal outflow structure. Then, a flow function for precise flow supply control was constructed based on a response surface model, according to the flow rates of the device under different control parameters. Finally, a flow-characteristic test bench and a high-power engine prototype were developed to verify the simulation and optimization results. The results indicate that the optimized outflow structure shows low pressure loss and a large flow rate, improving injection efficiency by 10.37% and mass flow by 11.78% under 0.4 Mpa pressure difference. More importantly, the cycle fuel supply could be controlled accurately for each cylinder owing to the developed flow function. Consequently, compared with the original engine using a single-point natural gas supply system, the cylinder performance imbalance was improved by 37.47%.
Application of Fibonacci Sequence and Lucas Sequence on the Design of the Toilet Siphon Pipe Shape
Authors: Ge Xiaole , Wang Hongfeng , Liu Shengrong , Li Zhanfu , Tong Xin , Pu Jiafei
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the method for designing the toilet siphon pipe shape to improve flushing performance. The Fibonacci sequence and the Lucas sequence were used to design the structural parameters of the siphon pipe. The flushing processes of the toilet were simulated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to analyze the flushing performance under different siphon pipe shapes. Experimental studies were conducted to verify the reliability of the simulation results. The results indicated that when the Lucas numbers and the Fibonacci numbers were utilized to regulate the curvature of the siphon pipe in the Xi direction and the Yj direction respectively, the flushing performance of the toilet was optimal. In order to obtain better flushing performance, the curvature of the siphon pipe should be smooth and have obvious transitions at the connections of different sections. When the overall size of the siphon pipe is kept constant, a short siphon pipe length is helpful for the improvement of toilet flushing performance.
Collapse Risks of Fail-Safe RC Frames Due to Earthquakes: Fragility Assessments
Authors: Mangkoesoebroto Sindur P. , Prayoga Made H. , Parithusta Rizkita
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study was to determine the collapse risk of fail-safe reinforced concrete (RC) frames due to earthquakes by newly developed fragility curves. The curves were constructed based on the collapse mechanism, instead of measures of lateral drift as customarily adopted. The procedure was applied to RC open frames that were seismic resistant. A fail-safe mechanism was imposed by allowing plastic hinges to be formed mainly in the beams. This automatically satisfied the stronger column-weaker beam requirement; shear failure was neither tolerated anywhere in the columns nor in the beams. Two kinds of fail-safe RC frames were investigated: special moment resisting frames (SMF) and ordinary moment resisting frames (OMF). Their earthquake collapse risk was computed and compared. Inelastic time history (NLTH) and the non-linear static procedure (NSP) were conducted to assess their structural performance. The results showed among others that the fail-safe OMF had lower collapse risk than the fail-safe SMF. The collapse prevention performance level in NLTH could only be achieved for the fail-safe frames. The non-linear time history analysis should be the only method used for seismic reevaluation/safety checking of building frame structures.
Phytoremediation of Nutrients and Organic Carbon from Sago Mill Effluent using Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Authors: Nash Daniah Ali Hassoon , Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh , Hasan Hassimi Abu , Mushrifah Idris , Muhammad Nurul Fadhilah , Al-Baldawi Israa Abdulwahab , Ismail Nur â€˜Izzati
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of floating water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) to survive under selected concentrations of sago mill effluent (SME) and determine the nutrient uptake by the plant. Phytoremediation at 10, 15, and 20% (VSME/Vwater) SME concentrations by water hyacinth was conducted under greenhouse conditions for 30 d in a batch type experiment. After 30 d of phytoremediation, the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia and phosphorus from SME wastewater were (86.4% to 97.2%), (91.4% to 97.3%) and (80.4 to 97.2%), respectively. The results proved the efficiency of water hyacinth to polish SME wastewater.
Wie sieht die Zukunft von Kooperationen im Rüstungsbereich aus?
Authors: Raabe Thomas
Published: September 2019

Es heißt, Kooperationen zwischen mehreren Ländern bei Rüstungsvorhaben würden die Kosten senken und stellten einen Beitrag zur »Standardisierung« und »Interoperabilität« innerhalb von NATO und EU dar. »Smart Defence« und »Pooling & Sharing« würden darüber hinaus dafür sorgen, dass die Verbündeten durch Absprachen und gemeinsame Planungen bei ihren militärischen Fähigkeiten mehr »value for money« erhielten. Ziel sei dabei immer, den Soldaten die bestmögliche Ausrüstung zur Verfügung zu stellen, damit diese ihren Auftrag erfüllen könnten. Gleichzeitig propagieren die Bundesregierungen seit vielen Jahren das Ziel, die europäische verteidigungsindustrielle Basis fördern zu wollen und betonen gleichzeitig - wie im Weißbuch von 2016 - den Wert der »eigenen technologischen Souveränität durch den Erhalt nationaler Schlüsseltechnologien«, damit »die militärischen Fähigkeiten und die Versorgungssicherheit« sichergestellt seien. Rüstungspolitik europäisch ausrichten, dabei möglichst noch mit den USA kooperieren und trotzdem »nationale Rüstungsfähigkeiten« aufrechterhalten und dies alles im Dienste der Streitkräfte, geht das?
Ironie der Theorie. Zur Dialektik der Theorieverheißungen in der Politikwissenschaft
Authors: Mehring Reinhard
Published: September 2019

Die pointierte, didaktisch personalisierende Skizze parallelisiert die institutionelle Stellung und Bedeutung politikwissenschaftlicher Theoriediskurse mit Epochen der Gründung und der Formierung eines ethischen Idealismus und Normativismus, der nach 1989 dann - von Habermas zu Münkler - verstärkt mit einem machtanalytischen Realismus beantwortet wurde. Sie plädiert für eine institutionelle und politische Betrachtung der Theoriediskurse und stellt mit der Markierung einiger Etappen und Pfade implizit die Frage nach der Zukunft der Theorielehrstühle im Fach.
Optionsrechte, Zugehörigkeiten und die Schwierigkeiten supranationaler Systembildung
Authors: Immerfall Stefan
Published: September 2019

Stein Rokkan war ein Pionier der internationalen Sozialwissenschaft und einer der produktivsten Gestalten historisch-vergleichender Makrosoziologie. Der Artikel versucht, seine bleibende Bedeutung für die soziologische Europaforschung zu demonstrieren, obgleich die Europäische Union von heute kaum vergleichbar ist mit der Europäischen Gemeinschaft des Jahres 1979, dem Jahr seines frühen Todes. Die Europäische Union wird als neuer Versuch europäischer Zentrumsbildung verstanden. Im Anschluss an Rokkans typologisches Entwicklungsmodell wird die europäische Integration mit Prozessen, Strukturen und Konflikten in der Herausbildung von Massendemokratien und Wohlfahrtsstaaten kontrastiert. Insbesondere zwei Probleme der Europäischen Integration werden identifiziert: (a) die Unwucht zwischen Optionsrechten und Zugehörigkeiten und (b) das Fehlen interner Grenzziehung und Strukturierung.
Antipluralismus in Ostmitteleuropa: eine historisch-soziologische Annäherung im Anschluss an Stein Rokkan
Authors: Pršín Marek
Published: September 2019

Aus der Erfahrung der westeuropäischen Nationalstaaten wird deutlich, dass der Erfolg ihrer Demokratisierung von der dauerhaften Unabhängigkeit der staatsbildenden Zentren und der territorialen Integrität abhing. Gerade auf dieser Überlegung aufbauend, erscheinen die Rokkan’schen Kategorien, insbesondere die der Zentrumsbildung und externen Grenzbildung, für eine historisch-soziologische Erforschung der Bedingungen für Demokratisierungsprozesse in Ostmitteleuropa der Gegenwart als besonders plausibel. Aus historischer Perspektive erscheint diese Region zunächst aufgrund der ethnischen Fragmentierung ungeeignet für die Etablierung von Nationalstaaten. Da sich Ostmitteleuropa zwischen der westlichen Welt und Russland befindet, gilt es zu hinterfragen, dass der Nationalstaat tatsächlich in dieser Region überleben kann. Erst im Zeitalter der multilateralen Zusammenarbeit, sei es auf der Plattform der NATO oder der EU, etablierten sich hier souveräne Nationalstaaten. Dies hat nicht unerhebliche Folgen für die Demokratiefähigkeit der Gesellschaften Ostmitteleuropas.
The effect of job satisfaction, absenteeism, and personal motivation on job quitting: A survey of Croatian nurses
Authors: Smokrović Eva , Žvanut Maja Frencl , Bajan Antun , Radić Radivoje , Žvanut Boštjan
Published: September 2019

Previous studies point to many inconsistencies regarding the determinants of job quitting. This study focuses on the impact of nurses’ job satisfaction, work motivation, nursing practice environment, personal characteristics and absenteeism on their intention to leave the job. An anonymous survey was performed on a sample of Croatian registered nurses. The results indicate that nurses’ job dissatisfaction, combined with a higher rate of absenteeism, represents a clear indication of their future turnovers. Nursing practice environment and personal motivation do not have a significant direct effect on the Intention to leave the job, but do have an indirect one through job satisfaction.
Is Gibrat’s law valid for travel agencies and tour operators? Evidence from the Visegrad group countries
Authors: Hedija Veronika , Fiala Roman
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the validity of Gibrat’s law for a sample of travel agents from the Visegrad group (V4) countries and to identify the size-growth relationship. Using a linear auto-regressive model and ordinary least squares estimator, we rejected the validity of Gibrat’s law in the V4 countries (except Poland, where the results were mixed). The smallest firms tend to grow faster than their larger counterparts. Using quantile regression models, we concluded that the size-growth link differed depending on actual firm size. Before reaching minimum efficient scale (MES), there is a positive relationship between firm growth and firm size. This relationship is negative after reaching MES: the smaller firms grow faster than bigger ones. Gibrat’s law tends to be valid in the population of firms that have reached MES. This shows that economies and diseconomies of scale could play a significant role in explaining the size-growth relationship of travel agents.
The gender pay gap in North Macedonia: Assessing the difference between low-paid and high-paid employees
Authors: Nikoloski Dimitar
Published: September 2019

The labour market in North Macedonia is characterised by strong differences in terms of the vertical distribution of jobs and the higher probability of women being in low-paid and unpaid family jobs. Data from the EU-level Survey on Income and Living Conditions show that women are much more likely to be low-paid, while estimations of the earnings function indicates a significant gender pay gap and the potential for discrimination in the labour market against women. From a policy perspective, this article identifies the importance of the statutory minimum wage, particularly for low-paid workers, and that the high pay gap at the top end of the earnings distribution calls for supplementary interventions. In this context, we propose specific tailored programmes that target the female population in order to address the undervaluation of work typically done by women, as well as an extension of the duty on employers actively to promote gender equality. Moreover, an improvement in the position of low-paid workers, particularly women, may be achieved by upgrading the role of social dialogue and collective bargaining.
The constitutional protection of property: The case of Kosovo
Authors: Gashi Ardrit
Published: September 2019

One of the main constitutional legal protections in Kosovo is that applying to property. The Constitution guarantees this and it can therefore be realised at the Constitutional Court. Problems regarding the protection of property have, for many reasons, been a continuous feature of Kosovan institutions and society, notably after 1999. Therefore, this topic, both in the light of the constitutional provisions and in interaction with the standards and interpretations of the European Court of Human Rights, constitutes a highly important one for analysis. This article presents aspects of the requirements for filing complaints over the protection of property, emphasising the position of the European Convention on Human Rights in the Kosovo legal system and the application of Protocol 1 of the Convention. The paper refers mainly to Kosovo, but the academic discourse it generates has general applicability. The Constitutional Court, based on Article 53 of the Constitution, obliges all public authorities to implement the best practice of the European Court in adjudicating the Constitutional guarantees on fundamental rights and freedoms.
The compromises involved in the EU’s eastern enlargement and the quality of the result: implications for the western Balkans?
Authors: Veleva-Eftimova Mirela
Published: September 2019

There is a growing volume of literature on the EU’s enlargement towards the eastern part of the continent which, from the perspective of the SEER Journal, is gaining increasing importance as the EU now seeks, once again, to re-orient itself towards the countries of the western Balkans. Interest in the literature is growing not only because the results have been ambiguous but also because the nature of the process itself remains largely unexplained. This article seeks to reconstruct the concept of eastern enlargement, taking account of the reality of the national interests and compromises that shaped its direction and that of the wider notion of European integration. It draws on the belief that enlargement conditionality has been represented as having inevitable validity, thereby allowing a revision of the understanding of the role, importance and limits of that validity. The author concludes that an accelerated enlargement process has had a knock-on impact on the quality of integration itself; and that the reality of national interests has pre-determined an unfinished character to the process of Europeanisation.
Die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt als wirtschafts- und sozialethische Herausforderung
Authors: Stübinger Ewald
Published: September 2019

Die Digitalisierung gilt als eine der großen Herausforderungen der Zukunft für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Dabei stellt die Digitalisierung kein isoliertes Phänomen dar, sondern sie forciert eher bereits stattfindende Veränderungsprozesse der Arbeitswelt. Es werden diverse Prognosen zu den digitalen Veränderungsprozessen in der Arbeitswelt dargestellt und ethische Prinzipien und Kriterien diskutiert. Diese werden mit philosophischen Begründungsmodellen in Beziehung gesetzt und präzisiert. Anschließend werden unterschiedliche sozial- und wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Konzepte zum Umgang mit der Digitalisierung und den Veränderungen der Arbeits- und Berufswelt aus ethischer Perspektive reflektiert. Ziel ist es, Orientierungslinien für eine humane, gerechte und partizipative Gestaltung der durch die Digitalisierung forcierten Veränderungen der Arbeitswelt zu ziehen.
Lactation Strategies and Milk Composition in Pinnipeds
Authors: Riet Sapriza Federico German
Published: September 2019

Maternal investment during lactation is higher than during gestation, and it is the most energetically expensive period in a mammal’s life cycle. Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, fur seals, and walruses) are one of the principal groups of aquatic mammals that are adapted to reside on land and at sea. During lactation they secrete and rapidly transfer lipid-rich and energy-dense milk to the pup, and they rely on land or ice to give birth to and nurse their pups, and as a consequence, foraging at sea and nursing of the young on land are separated by space and time. Lactation strategies in pinnipeds have evolved to meet particular environmental conditions, and because of their worldwide distribution, they have evolved into two main lactation strategies: fasting strategy and foraging strategy. Both strategies rely on energy reserves for the production of energy-dense and nutrient-rich milk. In comparison with the milk of land and marine mammals, the milk of pinniped is characterized by (a) high milk fat concentration and (b) the virtual absence of lactose. These two main differences in the milk composition are a result of the lactation strategies adopted by pinnipeds and their unique lactation physiology in which they need to transfer a high energy-rich milk in a certain period of time while conserving water.
Mobile Genetic Elements in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Population
Authors: Delpech Gastón , García Allende Leonardo , Sparo Mónica
Published: September 2019

Horizontal gene transfer constitutes a key driving force in bacterial evolution. The ability to acquire mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance has contributed to the emergence of Enterococcus faecium as one of the main human nosocomial opportunistic pathogens. The deep analysis of the vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREfm) population’s mobilome, as the architecture and evolution of the core genome enables to observe VREfm plasticity and power of adaptation in animals, plants, environment and food. The persistence of VREfm is facilitated by the exchange of plasmids, phages and conjugative transposons that have allowed them to achieve a rapid adaptation to changes in environmental conditions. They can acquire resistance determinants from several species and transfer resistance genes to other potentially pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.
A Variation of the Inferior Phrenic Arteries: A Case Report
Authors: Sheybanifar Mehrnoosh
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Arterial anatomic variations and focusing on their path and relations are highly important for clinical, radiological, pathological and surgical diagnosis and treatment. Both inferior phrenic arteries usually originate from the abdominal aorta, just after passing through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm. They rarely originate from the celiac trunk or from the renal arteries. They have an important role in the blood supply of the diaphragm. Each artery goes upward and laterally to the crus of the diaphragm, near the medial side of the suprarenal gland. Case Presentation: During the regular dissections in the dissecting room of the Anatomy Department (from 2008 - present) in 15 male cadavers with 55 years of age in average, variations in origin of the inferior phrenic arteries were observed in one cadaver. They originated from the celiac trunk. Conclusions: In the present study there was a variation in the origin of both inferior phrenic arteries. The most common source of origin was abdominal aorta in 14 cadavers, but in one cadaver it originated from the celiac trunk in both sides. This case report provides helpful information about inferior phrenic arteries (variations and relations) also their clinical importance as well. Accurate knowledge about normal and variant origins of inferior phrenic artery is essential in liver tumor treatment and for the radiologists and surgeons.
Not More of the Same
Authors: Watkin Chris ,   DePaul University
Published: September 2019

Much French philosophy of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries has been marked by the positive valorization of alterity, an ethical position that has recently received a vigorous assault from Alain Badiou’s privilege of sameness. This article argues that Badiou shares a great deal in common with the philosophies of alterity from which he seeks to distance himself, and that Michel Serres’s little-known account of alterity offers a much more radical alternative to the ethics of difference. Drawing on both translated and as yet untranslated works, I argue that the Serresian ontology of inclination, along with his conceptual personae of the hermaphrodite and the parasite, informs ethical and political positions that offer a distinctive ethics and politics that present fresh insights about the relation between the singular and the universal, the contingency of market exchange, and the nature of violence.
Colombian Nepticuloidea and Tischerioidea: a small step out of obscurity
Authors: Stonis Jonas R. , Remeikis Andrius , Vargas Sergio A.
Published: September 2019

We summarize the results of the fieldwork conducted in southwestern Colombia in 2019 and report on new taxa discovered in Colombia. We provide a description of Stigmella foreroi Stonis & Vargas, sp. nov., recently discovered in the Valle del Cauca region, and encourage further research into the Colombian fauna.
Compreensões da origem e legislação do Deuteronômio
Authors: Kramer Pedro
Published: September 2019

O estado atual da questão sobre a pesquisa da origem e legislação do livro doDeuteronômio revela duas compreensões diametralmente opostas. Uma érepresentada pelos exegetas Norbert Lohfink e Georg Braulik e seus seguidores ea outra é defendida por Eckart Otto e seus discípulos. As divergências entre estasduas posições se manifestam principalmente a respeito da data de origem doDeuteronômio, da quantidade do seu conteúdo original, da adição de camadasliterárias posteriores e do processo da sua formação. Neste momento não hánenhuma perspectiva de aproximação entre eles a curto prazo.
Flexible and Multifunctional Silk Textiles with Biomimetic Leaf‐Like MXene/Silver Nanowire Nanostructures for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Humidity Monitoring, and Self‐Derived Hydrophobicity
Authors: Liu Liu‐Xin , Chen Wei , Zhang Hao‐Bin , Wang Qi‐Wei , Guan Fanglan , Yu Zhong‐Zhen
Published: September 2019

Although flexible and multifunctional textiles are promising for wearable electronics and portable device applications, the main issue is to endow textiles with multifunctionalities while maintaining their innate flexible and porous features. Herein, a vacuum‐assisted layer‐by‐layer assembly technique is demonstrated to conformally deposit electrically conductive substances on textiles for developing multifunctional and flexible textiles with superb electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances, superhydrophobicity, and highly sensitive humidity response. The formed leaf‐like nanostructure is composed of silver nanowires (AgNWs) as the highly conductive skeleton (vein) and transition metal carbide/carbonitride (MXene) nanosheets as the lamina. The presence of MXene protects AgNWs from oxidation and enhances the combination of AgNWs with the fabric substrate, and the transformation of its functional groups leads to self‐derived hydrophobicity. The flexible and multifunctional textile exhibits a low sheet resistance of 0.8 Ω sq−1, outstanding EMI shielding efficiency of 54 dB in the X‐band at a small thickness of 120 µm, and highly sensitive humidity responses, while retaining its satisfactory porosity and permeability. The self‐derived hydrophobicity with a large contact angle of >140° is achieved by aging the hydrophilic MXene coated silk. The wearable multifunctional textiles are highly promising for applications in intelligent garments, humidity sensors, actuators, and EMI shielding.
A High‐Energy Aqueous Aluminum‐Manganese Battery
Authors: He Shiman , Wang Jie , Zhang Xu , Chen Jingzhao , Wang Zichun , Yang Tingting , Liu Zhiwei , Liang Yuan , Wang Boya , Liu Shiqi , Zhang Liqiang , Huang Jianyu , Huang Jun , O'Dell Luke A. , Yu Haijun
Published: September 2019

Rechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries have drawn considerable attention as a new energy storage system, but their applications are still significantly impeded by critical issues such as low energy density and the lack of excellent electrolytes. Herein, a high‐energy aluminum‐manganese battery is fabricated by using a Birnessite MnO2 cathode, which can be greatly optimized by a divalence manganese ions (Mn2+) electrolyte pre‐addition strategy. The battery exhibits a remarkable energy density of 620 Wh kg−1 (based on the Birnessite MnO2 material) and a capacity retention above 320 mAh g−1 for over 65 cycles, much superior to that with no Mn2+ pre‐addition. The electrochemical reactions of the battery are scrutinized by a series of analysis techniques, indicating that the Birnessite MnO2 pristine cathode is first reduced as Mn2+ to dissolve in the electrolyte upon discharge, and AlxMn(1−x)O2 is then generated upon charge, serving as a reversible cathode active material in following cycles. This work provides new opportunities for the development of high‐performance and low‐cost aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries for prospective applications.
Fully Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors from Green Solvents
Authors: Schmatz Brian , Lang Augustus W. , Reynolds John R.
Published: September 2019

To achieve the full potential of scalable and cost‐effective organic electronic devices, developments are being made in both academic and industry environments to move toward continuous solution‐processing techniques that make use of safe and environmentally benign “green” solvents. In this work, the first example of a transistor device that is fully solution processed using only green solvents is demonstrated. This achievement is enabled through a novel multistage cleavable side chain process that provides aqueous solubility for semiconducting conjugated polymers, paired with aqueous inkjet printing of PEDOT:PSS electrodes, and a solution deposited ion gel electrolyte as the dielectric layer. The resulting organic electrochemical transistor devices operate in accumulation mode and reach maximum transconductance values of 1.1 mS at a gate voltage of − 1 V. Normalizing the transconductance value to the channel dimensions yields gm/W = 2200 S m−1 (µC* = 22 F cm−1 V−1 s−1), making these devices suitable for a range of applications requiring small signal amplification such as transistors, biosensors, and ion pumps. This new material design and device process paves the way toward scalable, safe, and efficient production of organic electronic devices.
Halogenated Antimonene: One‐Step Synthesis, Structural Simulation, Tunable Electronic and Photoresponse Property
Authors: Su Liumei , Tang Xian , Fan Xing , Ma Dingtao , Liang Weiyuan , Li Yu , Zhang Han
Published: September 2019

Surface functionalization is considered to be an effective and versatile strategy to tailor intrinsic electronic and optoelectronic properties of 2D materials. In this work, surface‐decorated few‐layer antimonene is synthesized by a one‐step electrochemical exfoliation and synchronous halogenation method in halogen‐containing an ionic liquid–based electrolyte at room temperature. The prepared halogenated antimonene nanosheets are composed of oxygen‐ and halogen‐decorated amorphous and crystalline domains. The structural reconstructions and evolutions of halogenated antimonene are further revealed by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and first‐principles calculations. The band structures and optical properties of antimonene can be tailored after amorphization and surface functionalization, depending on the reactivity of different halogens. The photoresponse performance of the halogenated antimonene is further evaluated by photoelectrochemical measurement. Exhibiting self‐powered photoresponse behavior, their photocurrent density increases with the increases of external bias potential and light intensity. This work proposes a new idea of tuning the optoelectronic properties of 2D materials by synchronous halogenation in the facile one‐step electrochemical synthesis process. Benefiting from this facile synthesis procedure, the halogenation of antimonene may shed light on chemical functionalization of other 2D materials for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Transparent Schottky Photodiode Based on AgNi NWs/SrTiO3 Contact with an Ultrafast Photoresponse to Short‐Wavelength Blue Light and UV‐Shielding Effect
Authors: Yang Wei , Zhang Yong , Zhang Yujia , Deng Wanjun , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: September 2019

A transparent Schottky photodiode is constructed based on a SrTiO3 (STO) wafer, in which nickel‐coated silver nanowires (AgNi NWs) are proposed as the high‐work‐function transparent electrode. A selective photoresponse to harmful short‐wavelength blue (SWB) light is generated owing to the proper bandgap of STO, and the AgNi NWs effectively strengthen the photovoltaic behavior, resulting in an ultrafast response speed (trise/tfall = 7 µs/115 µs) and photocurrent of 16–38 nA under a 0 V bias. Meanwhile, the complete device maintains a transparency of ≈60% almost over the entire visible light region and blocks 96.7% UVA and >99.9% UVB. The combination of bias‐free SWB detection and transparent UV shielding is readily applicable to protect against light pollution. Furthermore, this work proposes a considerable method to modulate the work function of transparent Ag NW electrodes by surface coating, which provides inspiration for the development of transparent electrode materials with different work functions.