bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Teknologi Pengolah Limbah Sabut Kelapa Menjadi Cocofiber dan Cocopeat di Desa Lenteng Timur, Sumenep
Authors: Saputro Wiliandi , Faizin Ahmad Khairul , Sari Tria Puspa
Published: July 2023

Coconut is one of the leading commodities of plantation crops for the community in East Lenteng Village, Sumenep Regency, East Java. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency, the area of ​​coconut plantations in Lenteng District reaches 3114 ha. Generally, the use of coconut plants by the local community only extracts coconut water and flesh, resulting in waste in the form of coconut coir in the amount of 910 tons. Therefore, finding innovative and effective solutions to process the coconut coir waste into superior products with benefits and economic value. This community service activity aims to process coconut coir waste into derivative products in the form of cocofiber and cocopeat. Later, cocofiber and cocopeat are used as basic materials for filling mattresses, pillows, and planting media that can provide added value. The implementation method consisted of direct field observations, formulation of problems and solutions, data collection of coco fiber samples, processing of coconut coir waste, application of science and technology, and evaluation. Based on the results of performed activities, the residents of East Lenteng Village can discover the process of processing coconut coir waste into cocofiber and cocopeat. In addition, the residents of East Lenteng Village also gain knowledge regarding using more practical and efficient processing machines of coconut coir waste. Based on the test results of the processing machine of coconut coir waste, the measured capacity of cocopeat production reaches 3 kg/hour while cocofiber reaches 1 kg/hour.
PENGARUH CAPITAL INTENSITY, PROFITABILITAS, DAN INVENTORY INTENSITY TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK
Authors: Nadhifah Isyfa Fuhrotun
Published: August 2023

Agresivitas pajak didefinisikan sebagai tindakan manajer dalam mengurangi beban pajak perusahaan demi kepentingannya sendiri sehingga akan menimbulkan ketegangan antara manajer dan pemegang saham. Hal ini terjadi karena agresivitas pajak dilakukan oleh manajer hanya untuk kepentingan jangka pendek tanpa memperhatikan keuntungan untuk jangka panjang perusahaan seperti yang diharapkan oleh pemegang saham. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh capital intensity, profitabilitas dan inventory intensity terhadap agresivitas pajak perusahaan. Variabel independen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah capital intensity, profitabilitas dan inventory intensity. Sedangkan variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah agresivitas pajak yang diukur dengan effective tax rate (ETR). Metode dalam pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria penelitian, dipilih sebanyak 20 perusahaan dengan total data yang didapat 60 data dalam 3 tahun. Teknik analisis regresi linear berganda digunakan sebagai teknik analisis data dengan bantuan program SPSS versi 23. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan capital intensity berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak perusahaan. Profitabilitas berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak perusahaan. Dan inventory intensity berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap agresivitas pajak Perusahaan.
ДИАЛЕКТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ВСЕЛЕННОЙ
Authors: Беляев Анатолий
Published: August 2023

Аннотация

В работе рассмотрена теоретическая модель структуры и эволюции бесконечной Вселенной, основанная на постулатах диалектического материализма. С позиций философских категорий «объекты и множества» Вселенная может мыслиться как универсальное бесконечное множество, потенциально бесконечно возрастающих, и вечно расширяющихся в пространстве материальных множеств. Эволюция Вселенной отражает преимущественное и частично необратимое преобразование энергии движения материальных множеств в энергию структур.

Барионная материя может быть аналогом потенциально бесконечно возрастающих в пространстве и вечных во времени структурированных материальных множеств. Материальные множества в виде биологической и разумной форм существования Материи, в настоящее время представленные только на планете Земля, в масштабе Вселенной могут стать следующими в иерархической последовательности, бесконечно возрастающих в пространстве структурированных материальных множеств, и существовать вечно.
Теория Стационарной Самосогласованной Вселенной
Authors: Авшалумов Александр
Published: August 2023

С момента создания ОТО и последующих работ в космологии, вопрос о кривизне пространства во Вселенной (w > 0, w < 0 или w = 0 ) - считается один из наиболее главных и дискутируемых по сей день. Это естественно, ведь от кривизны пространства зависит: расширяется Вселенная, сжимается или является статичной. Эти дискуссии, позволили автору выдвинуть парадоксальную идею: одновременного существования во Вселенной трех взаимосвязанных пространств-времен (положительной, отрицательной и нулевой кривизны) и, уже на этой основе, разработать теорию, в которой каждое пространство-время играет свою собственную роль и развивается в строгом соответствии, со своим знаком кривизны.

Трех пространственно-временная модель строения Вселенной, предлагаемая автором, позволяет решить многие фундаментальные проблемы современной космологии и теоретической физики, а также создает основу для построения единой физической теории.
Futile Quest for Perfection: Understanding the Aesthetics of Wabi-sabi through Girish Karnad’s Hayavadana
Authors: Seth Deepali , Singh Dr. Sonal
Published: August 2023

The essence of a man's existence is fundamental to the pursuit of perfection. It is regulated by several psychological and philosophical principles that play an emphasis on the distinctive and particular experiences that one has. It is portrayed as some abstract concept of "human nature," a compendium of categorical imperatives or precepts that govern individuals and their approach to life. The disorderliness of a human's qualities, the incompleteness of their thinking, and their flaws are fundamental to who they are. In terms of human entropy, the state of disorder and uncertainty always exists in an individual, which helps them to stabilize and adapt themselves to changing circumstances both inside and outside of them. The quest for perfection is therefore pointless because it reflects an internal burden that is sewn into the fabric of tension, anxiety, panic, and mental collapse and, in the end, calls into question an individual's fundamental identity. This fruitless endeavour in seeking the best puts a person's control over their life and being into doubt. Human aspirations result in human desperation, according to Karnad's interpretation of Hayavadana. The narrative's characters travel a path from exquisite imagining to terrible reality here. Therefore, it is revealed that the search for perfection is meaningless since it draws attention to one's difficulties, sorrows, responses, and powerlessness, which makes one feel absurd in the end. With the help of this research article, an attempt has been made to comprehend the aesthetics of Wabi-sabi and delve deeper into its philosophy to understand the search for ‘beauty in imperfection’. Under the influence of this Japanese theory, it is evident that one must embrace human entropy and stabilise within their dimensions.
Methods and Methodology used to Teach English Language in Secondary Schools in Dr. B R Ambedkar Konaseema District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Raju Dr. T. Sharon , Kumari Kadiyam Sajaya
Published: August 2023

Communication skills in English have become very essential in this Information and Communication Technology (ICT) revolution era. People who have effective communication skills in English have better opportunities to either receive or disseminate knowledge. Almost entire higher education is being offered only in English and to communicate with people in a highly diversified country like India is once again through English. 

For most of the students studying in state run schools, the status of oral and written communication skills is poor. The teachers and the students including the educational administrators prefer communicating in their mother tongue than to communicate in English. Much of the time, communication in English is influenced by mother tongue or local dialect in every part of India. The development of communication skills among students can be effectively understood by the materials and methodology of learning and teaching English language, and it is keenly observed from the communication point of view.
EFFECT OF RESIDUAL TOXICITY OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES TO THE MALAYSIAN STINGLESS BEE HETEROTRIGONA ITAMA
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam, Selangor, JABI NOOR ALBANNIA NATASYA , AWANG DAMIT HAZMI ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA Sabah Branch, Kota Kinabalu Campus
Published: August 2023

Heterotrigona itama is a Malaysian stingless bee species that actively reared for meliponiculture. This stingless bee is cultivated in a commercial scale for its honey production, propolis and among the greatest commercial potential as crop pollinators. However, this species has been potentially exposed to agronomic practices, among which the use of synthetic insecticides against pests. The indirect toxicity effect of the post-insecticide had affected the mortalities of H. itama especially, to the foragers. Due to that, a study has been conducted to determine the lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) and 95% (LC95) of the selected insecticides against stingless bee forager workers through residual exposure. The bioassay test was conducted to the local stingless bee H. itama at Agricultural Research Station, Tenom. Four commonly used insecticides in crop protection; Deltamethrin, Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin and Malathion were tested at five concentrations that diluted with 500 ml of distilled water in three replications for each insecticide. Lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC95) were obtained from probit analysis after 1-hour dry residues exposure and 24-hour mortality observation. The result shows that; all four tested insecticides were harmful to H. itama through dry residue. Deltamethrin shows the higher value of LC50 (1.256 ml) and LC95 (3.582ml) that make it less toxic to the H. itama than cypermethrin, malathion, and chlorpyrifos, however, as the concentration gets higher it becomes more toxic.
Vulnerabilidad y agencias de migrantes venezolanas en Bogotá en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Bonilla Valencia Solange
Published: August 2023

En el presente artículo analizo desde una perspectiva interseccional y feminista descolonial la situación de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica de las mujeres migrantes venezolanas residentes en Bo­gotá en el marco de la crisis sanitaria por la c­ovid-19, y sus agencias entre marzo de 2020 y agosto de 2021. La investigación se ubica en el marco de los feminismos descoloniales de América Latina y el Caribe y en el campo de género y migración Sur-Sur. La metodología es de carácter mixto; analizo datos cuantitativos de tres encuestas y entrevistas a diez mujeres migrantes. Los resultados arrojan que las cuarentenas afectaron la calidad de vida de la mayoría de mujeres migrantes en la ciudad. Pese a esto, dichas mujeres implementaron distintas estrategias de supervivencia.
ENDOPHYTIC TESTING OF Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 AGAINST INPARA 3 RICE VARIETY
Authors: Sutio Gunawan , Iskandar Iskandar , Indriyati Lilik Tri , Djajakirana Gunawan
Published: August 2023

Pest management is a crucial concern, especially when dealing with insect pests that can cause extensive damage to agricultural crops and the economy. One such pest is the rice stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata), which infests rice stems and poses a significant threat. To combat these pests, various microbial agents have been developed for effective pest control. Among these, the endophytic microbe in biological plant protection plays a key role in the program of sustainable pest management. An endophytic bacterium, Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21, has been identified as a key player in sustainable pest management, particularly in rice crops. In this study, we aimed to investigate the endophytic characteristics of S. marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 in the swamp rice plant of the Inpara 3 variety of swamp rice plants. To establish its roles. Marcescens as an endophytic bacterium in rice plants, specifically the Inpara 3 variety, we conducted tests by inoculating bacteria on the plant tissue of rice plants that have been sterilized rice plant tissues with the bacteria. We assessed the presence of S. marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 in plant tissues by applying isolates to the surface of rock wool, which supported the growth of wet rice plants aged ten or over ten days or older after planting. Samples were collected from the underside of the stem, the bottom of the leaves, and the roots on days 2, 7, and 14 after the application of isolates to the rock wool. The samples were then washed in 70% alcohol and 4% chlorox for 30 seconds and subsequently isolated on Luria Bertani (LB) agar media. Furthermore, we conducted tests to determine the ligninolytic, cellulolytic, and proteolytic activities of S. marcescens, which helped elucidate its endophytic ability. Based on the result, the endophytic capabilities. Based on the results, we found that S. marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 exhibited endophytic characteristics solely in the stem tissue of the Inpara 3 rice variety. However, we did not observe its presence in the root and leaf tissues.
EXPENDITURE ON OIL PALM FARMERS’ HOUSEHOLDS IN BAYUNG LENCIR SUBDISTRICT MUSI BANYUASIN REGENCY
Authors: Khoirunnisa Khosy , Riswani Riswani , Lifianthi Lifianthi
Published: August 2023

The profitable business potential of palm oil entices the community and the Indonesian Government to develop it. It makes palm oil farming as a major source of farmers’ livelihood. However. oil palm plantations confront a number of challenges. including unstable prices and production. This will affect the household income obtained by farmers. The aim of this research is to examine the characteristics of oil palm farming. such as production costs. revenues and income as well as the proportion of household expenditure devoted to food and non-food consumption. This study was carried out in Bayung Lencir District. Musi Banyuasin Regency. South Sumatra Province. The disproportionate random sampling was used to acquire data from 90 respondents who are independent oil palm farmers. The depth interview method was used to acquired data. According to the findings. oil palm farmers’ income was IDR. 122,143,547/cultivation area/year or IDR. 10,178,629/cultivation area/month. The annual household income of oil palm farmers derived form on farm income other than oil palm, off farm income and non-farm income. The proportion of household expenditure for food consumption was 26.30%. while the proportion for non-food consumption was 73.70% and indicating that oil palm farming households are classified as prosperous since there is IDR. 1.015.871/month to be saved.
DISPENSASI PERNIKAHAN BEDA AGAMA MENURUT PERSPEKTIF MAZHAB
Authors: Oktavia Elysa Nur , Kamilah Mutiara , Resti Nurinda , Ummah Siti Roiyyatul
Published: August 2023

This journal reviews the Dispensation of Interfaith Marriage in the Perspective of Schools. This research aims to minimize the occurrence of interfaith marriages, so that we as human beings strengthen our faith in religion, and so that we know that interfaith marriages were not agreed upon by the four Imams of the Madhhab and there is no dispensation.This research is qualitative, while the research instrument is interviews and is based on sources from trusted journals and books. The data source for this research is an interview with one of the heads of the School Comparative Study Program who is also a Lecturer for the Ushul Fiqh course, namely Mrs. Siti Hana, M.A, who talks about the mafsada of interfaith marriage. He said that marriage is like the ship's boat, so the captain and passengers must have the same goal, the same goes for marriage, if the husband and wife have differences of opinion, there will be inequality until something causes a divorce. And if the couple has children, he will be confused with two choices between following the religion professed by his father or by his mother. Because religion is not just a status but a handle for our daily lives. That was conveyed by Ms. Siti Hana, M.A as head of the Comparative Study Program. Likewise, the four Imams of the Madhhab did not agree with the marriage of different religions and that is illegal. If the marriage is illegal, then all the relationships that the couple does include adultery.
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN RISIKO PADA PEMBIAYAANMUDHARABAH DI PT BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI KCP AHMAD YANI PONTIANAK
Authors: SARI NURMA , Anwari Khairul , Putri Siti Lusiana
Published: August 2023

Pembiayaan mudharabah merupakan suatu akad kerja sama dimana pihak pertama (shahibul maal) menyediakan seluruh modal dan pihak kedua (mudharib) yang bertindak sebagai pengelola dana dengan membagi keuntungan usaha sesuai dengan nisbah yang disepakati dalam akad. Pembiayaan mudharabah merupakan pembiayaan yang memiliki risiko yang tinggi, maka dari itu diperlukan manajemen risiko yang tepat agar risiko yang dihadapi dapat diminimalisir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui manajemen risiko pembiayaan mudharabah pada PT Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Ahmad Yani Pontianak, dengan batasan risiko apa saja yang terjadi pada pembiayaan mudharabah dan manajemen risiko pembiayaan mudharabah yang dilakukan PT. Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Ahmad Yani Pontianak dalam upaya meminimalisir risiko yang ada pada pembiayaan mudharabah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskirptif dengan jenis pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data berupa observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi risiko yang terdapat pada pembiayaan mudharabah adalah asymmetric information, side streaming, lalai dan kesalahan yang disengaja. Risiko yang terjadi pada pembiayaan mudharabah di PT Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP Ahmad Yani Pontianak adalah pembiayaan macet yang disebabkan adanya side streaming. Side streaming yakni nasabah menggunakan dana pembiayaan tidak sesuai dengan kesepakatan di dalam kontrak. Manajemen Risiko yang dilakukan adalah upaya meminimalisir risiko dengan melakukan proses manajemen risiko terlebih dahulu yang meliputi proses yaitu di awal dengan melakukan Identifikasi risiko, Pengelolaan risiko, Pengukuran risiko, Pemantauan risiko, Pengendalian risiko.
Lower body weight and increasing age are significant risk factors for complications following bi-oblique proximal ulnar osteotomy in dogs
Authors: Danielski Alan , de Marcos Carpio Isabel , Danielski Camilla , Farrell Michael , Solano Miguel Angel
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE

To report and evaluate the risk factors for complications following bi-oblique proximal ulnar osteotomy (PUO) in dogs.

ANIMALS

82 client-owned dogs (93 limbs).

METHODS

Clinical records of dogs treated with bi-oblique PUO over a 5-year period were reviewed. Postoperative radiographs were analyzed, and osteotomy location and angles were recorded; follow-up radiographs were reviewed to assess the degree of osteotomy healing. Complications were classified as minor, major, and catastrophic. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate possible associations between the predictor variables and occurrence of complications.

RESULTS

82 dogs (93 limbs) were included. Postoperative complications were documented in 39 limbs (13 major and 26 minor). The most common major complication was osteotomy nonunion (8 limbs), while the most common minor complication was delayed union (21 limbs). Statistical analysis revealed that lower body weight (P = .01) and older age (P = .04) were significantly associated with the development of postoperative complications.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

In this study, lighter and older dogs were more likely to develop complications following bi-oblique proximal ulnar osteotomy. We did not identify an association between osteotomy angle and location on complication rate. Careful patient selection is therefore required to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications after bi-oblique PUO.
Genetic diversity and structure of Magnolia mexicana (Magnoliacea): A threatened species in eastern Mexico
Authors: Gutiérrez-Lozano Marisol , Sánchez-González Arturo , Octavio-Aguilar Pablo , Galván-Hernández Dulce María , Vázquez-García José Antonio
Published: August 2023

This study analyzes the diversity and genetic structure of seven natural populations of Magnolia mexicana (Yoloxóchitl), an endangered and endemic species distributed in the Mexican Sierra Madre Oriental. The objective of the analysis is to generate basic information for the development of management and conservation programs for this species. The variation and genetic structure were estimated based on 12 SSR markers. The results indicate that the expected heterozygosity was 0.63±0.02 and the allelic richness was 1.21±0.05. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that variation between individuals explains 49 % of the total variation, and variation within individuals explains 36 %. The technical Neighbor joining and the ordination diagram of the canonical discriminant analysis show that the populations are made up of two genetic groups mostly. By contrast with the model Bayesian grouping (obtained with the STRUCTURE program) indicated the formation the six genetics groups. Recent bottleneck effects were observed in all localities, except in Duraznillo, El Cajón, and Zapotla. The relationship between genetic and geographic distances was not significant, which rules out a structure determined by isolation; the results suggest that the diversity and genetic structure of the species are affected by local factors such as habitat fragmentation, land use change, and excessive use of the flowers and fruits of M. mexicana by the inhabitants. Therefore, it is a priority to implement management and conservation programs to guarantee their survival.
Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Sirih Cina (Peperomia pellucida L.) Terhadap Peningkatan Air Susu Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Terpapar Asap Rokok
Authors: Unitly Adrien Jems Akiles , Killay Amos , Huwae Dian Y.
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol sirih cina (Peperomia pellucida L.) terhadap peningkatan produksi air susu pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang terpapar asap rokok. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dimana 15 ekor tikus dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Tikus ditempatkan pada kandang berupa kotak plastik dengan ukuran 34cm x 28cm x 12cm yang ditutupi kawat ram dan sekam sebagai alas. Masing-masing kandang berisi 5 ekor tikus. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dan uji Duncan pada taraf nyata alpha = 0.05 menggunakan software statistik SAS. Selanjutnya, dilanjutkan uji beda nyata terkecil untuk mengetahui perbedaan perlakuan yang diberikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian ektrak etanol sirih cina pada periode pertama belum mampu menetralisir radikal bebas sehingga antioksidan dari sirih cina belum dapat meningkatkan produksi air susu. Selanjutnya, pada periode kedua telah terlihat bahwa sirih cina sudah mampu menetralisir radikal bebas sehingga antioksidan dari sirih cina dapat meningkatkan produksi air susu.
Analisis Kebutuhan Siswa terhadap Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Digital Keanekaragaman Hayati untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Lingkungan
Authors: Hadzami Hilmiatul Hilda , Nurdiansih Ikma Wati , Sari Indah Juwita
Published: August 2023

Indonesia merupakan negara megabiodiversitas yang harus dijaga dan dilestarikan. Sikap sadar akan lingkungan dapat memberikan solusi dalam mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan. Materi keanekaragaman hayati merupakan materi yang berkaitan dengan literasi lingkungan. Materi ini tentunya memerlukan media pembelajaran yang sesuai berupa media pembelajaran digital. Media pembelajaran digital dapat memudahkan guru dalam menyampaikan materi dan memudahkan siswa dalam memahami materi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah diperlukan media pembelajaran digital materi keanekaragaman hayati untuk meningkatkan literasi lingkungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan data berupa angket. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA IT Granada Kota Tangerang dan SMAN 3 Kabupaten Tangerang dengan menyebarkan angket kepada siswa kelas X dan XII. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kebutuhan diperoleh hasil 69% siswa setuju dan 20% sangat setuju diperlukannya pengembangan media pembelajaran digital. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah diperlukan adanya pengembangan media pembelajaran digital keanekaragaman hayati untuk meningkatkan literasi lingkungan.
The Implementation of the Reciprocal Teaching Strategy for Enhancing Listening Comprehension
Authors: Ahada Ichi
Published: August 2023

In order to demonstrate the value of reciprocal classroom strategies for improving students' listening abilities, this research examines the effectiveness of the approach by focuses on many modern pedagogic theories this strategy agrees with, demonstrating its efficacy as a technique that can be used in classrooms. Participating in this study were 78 students from Mulawarman University's English department. Three methods of data collection, tests, interviews, and observations have been used to gather the data. The numeric data were calculated using the ratter’s indicating the rating, and the qualitative data were examined using the constant comparative method. The study's findings showed that Reciprocal Teaching should succeed in overcoming beginners' difficulties with listening, keyword detection, identifying grammar and vocabulary, and differentiating remarkable sounds. The lectures are encouraged to implement the research's findings in order to help inheritor students learn to listen through reciprocal teaching. The enhancement of Reciprocal Teaching illustrated shape implies rating of pre-check became 43, increasing to first post-test 76.6 and second post-test 87.The goal of the study is to understand how much Reciprocal Teaching helps students overcome the obstacles to effective listening as well as the learning environment that results from its use. The importance of listening skills is discussed in the final section of the paper, along with how reciprocal teaching strategies can be used to develop students' higher-order thinking abilities and then engage them in meaningful conversations that will help them speak more effectively.
Some Results on the Generalized Cayley Graph of Complete Graphs
Authors: Neamah Suad Abdulaali , Erfanian Ahmad
Published: July 2023

. Suppose that  is the Cayley graph whose vertices are all elements of  and two vertices  and  are adjacent if and only if . In this paper,we introduce the generalized Cayley graph denoted by  which is a graph with a vertex set consisting of all column matrices  in which all components are in  and two vertices  and  are adjacent if and only if , where  is a column matrix that each entry is the inverse of the similar entry of  and  is  matrix with all entries in  ,  is the transpose of  and  and m . We aim to provide some basic properties of the new graph and determine the structure of  when  is a complete graph  for every , and n, m  .
On the G-quadratic and LG-quadratic of the Exterior Algebra and Associated Algebra
Authors: Jawad Ruaa Yousuf
Published: July 2023

Given an exterior algebra  over a finite dimension vector space v, and let   , where  is a graded ideal in . The relation between the algebra  and    regarding to -quadratic and - quadratic will be investigated. We show that the algebra   is - quadratic if and only if   is - quadratic. Furthermore, it has been shown that the algebra  is - quadratic if and only if  is - quadratic.
The Class of Weakly Normal Operators
Authors: Shaakir Laith K. , Abdulwahid Elaf S. , Hijab Anas A.
Published: July 2023

Our purpose in this paper is to introduce new operators on Hilbert space which is called weakly normal operators. Some basic properties of these operators are studied in this research. In general, weakly normal operators need not be normal operator, -normal operators and quasi-normal operators.
Using Visual Cryptography and hash function for Fragile Watermarking to Detect Electronic Document Forgery
Authors: Hussein Hala k. , Muhajjar Ra'ad A. , Mahdi Bashar S
Published: July 2023

Recent developments in technology and the area of digital communications have rendered digital images increasingly susceptible to tampering and alteration by persons who are not authorized to do so. This may appear to be acceptable, especially if an image editing process is necessary to delete or add a particular scene that improves the quality the image. But what about images used in authorized governmental transactions? The consequences can be severe; any altered document is considered forged under the law and may cause confusion. Also, any document that cannot be verified as being authentic is regarded as a fake and cannot be used, inflicting harm on people. The suggested work intends to reduce fraud in electronic documents using a novel generator. It employs modern encryption methods to conceal the data represented by the watermark and hide it secretly inside the document so that it is easy to check for signs of counterfeiting; thus, allowing for the discovery of forged papers
Studying the Environmental Changes Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Yousef Ola Abdul Razzaq , Jaber Hussein Sabah
Published: July 2023

The research aims to monitor environmental changes and study the state of desertification in the northeastern part of the Al-Najaf province, Iraq. The study area suffers from desertification and drought phenomena. Remote sensing systems "RS" and geographic information systems "GIS" are essential for monitoring environmental changes because they provide Earth observation satellites that contribute to detecting environmental changes. Two Sentinel 2 images were acquired on December 26, 2015, and November 29, 2021. The images were combined and used for indices calculations. Normalized vegetation difference index "NDVI,” Normalized difference index "NDWI," soil exposure index "BSI," and Normalized difference index "NDBI." The results showed that the extent of desertification in the study area began to increase during the study period. Also, the results of change detection showed that the study area became very dry, especially in the western part, suffering from dunes, barren land, and a lack of water sources, especially in the western part of the study area.
Visual-Based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) Techniques for Robots: A Scientific Review
Authors: Saeed Faizi Fayez , Khorsheed Alsulaifanie Ahmed
Published: August 2023

The main problem facing autonomous robots is to navigate in an environment with the ability to determine its location and simultaneously build a map, SLAM technique can formulate this requirement efficiently. In this paper Filter-based, Graph-based, and AI-based Visual-SLAM techniques have been reviewed. The review shows that the first method suffers from high computations when the number of landmarks increases. The Graph-based algorithms are exposed to drift-error problems which cause a delocalization and require optimization. The AI-based vSLAM has the advantage of not-having complicated mathematical models in the algorithm, and it shows an efficient performance in various environments. The reviewed algorithms utilize different cameras including mono, stereo, and RGB-D cameras. The low-cost RGB-D cameras encourage implementation in modern autonomous robots. This work introduces a scientific-based overview of vSLAM to the reader, by explaining all phases of SLAM, the state-of-the-art algorithms, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each paradigm.
DEKONSTRUKSI FATWA MENGENAI LARANGAN BUNGA BANK (QIYAS VS ISTIHSAN)
Authors: Umam Khotibul
Published: July 2023

Deconstruction is intended to serve as critique to the method of determining the prohibition status of bank interest, which is analogous to usury, as well as reconstructing the issue with other methods to produce a more implementable fatwa, especially in a pluralistic society. Normative legal research is carried out using a historical approach and a conceptual approach regarding usury and interest, as well as the methods and the rationale for the prohibition of both. Application of analogy (qiyas) can bring "unsatisfactory" results as a method of granting the legal status of bank interest in the context of a pluralistic society because this reasoning method is heavily focusing on 'illat (ratio legis, legal cause) and does not consider space, time, and circumstances involved. Meanwhile, the application of istihsan (juristic preference) is possible with justification for emergency (necessity), 'urf (custom) and maslahah (benefit), resulting in different legal status of bank interest that not all bank interest is haram. This provides convenience in its implementation within a pluralistic society.
TUMPANG TINDIH PENGUASAAN TANAH DI WILAYAH IBU KOTA NEGARA “NUSANTARA”
Authors: Simarmata Rikardo
Published: July 2023

In August 2019, the Central Government of Indonesia made an important decision to choose East Kalimantan province to be the location of the new state capital (Nusantara). East Kalimantan was chosen due to its large available state or government-owned land. Some of the large available lands are designated state forest while some others are unregistered land, for which the Government applies formal land tenure system. This article examines the extent to which formal land tenure system has been exercised in land control, land transaction, and land acquisition in the Nusantara through the inquiries on how local individual and group landowners responded to the application of the formal land tenure system. Data collection was conducted through library research and field interview. This research finds that there have been multiple overlapping claims over land rights taking place in the new capital. State, adat law communities, and sultanate are making claims to similar land plots. The overlapping claims arose after the bureaucrats developed a formalistic view or interpretation on state land. This view suggested any unregistered land is state land regardless of actual control and use that are existing. This form of interpretation will most probably influence the way the bureaucrat implements current regulations concerning the new capital where some stipulations respect customary land rights.
Analytic Transformation Between Osculating and Mean Elements in the J2 Problem
Authors: Arnas David
Published: August 2023

This work presents an analytical perturbation method to study the dynamics of an orbiting object subject to the term [Formula: see text] from the gravitational potential of the main celestial body. In particular, this paper focuses on the generation of the analytical transformations between osculating and mean elements under this perturbation. This is done using a power series expansion in the perturbation constant [Formula: see text] on all the variables of the system, and a time regularization based on the argument of latitude of the orbit. This enables the generation of analytic approximate solutions without the need to control the perturbed frequency of the system. The resultant approximations provide the osculating behavior of the problem as well as the transformations between osculating and mean elements for orbits at any eccentricity, including near-circular, elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic orbits. Several examples of application are presented to show the accuracy of the perturbation approach and their related transformations.
Perubahan Produksi dan Perdagangan Negara-negara Produsen Lada Terbesar di Dunia dan Implikasinya bagi Indonesia
Authors: Ibnu Muhammad
Published: August 2023

The production and trade of agricultural products in global markets will undergo changes due to shifts in demand and production patterns. Although demand for pepper is likely to remain strong, pepper production is prone to fluctuations due to various factors, particularly natural ones. This study aims to predict future changes in the production and trade of the world's largest pepper-producing countries and identify macro-level improvements needed to enhance the pepper production and trade system in Indonesia. Using time-series analysis (i.e., double exponential smoothing) with FAOSTAT data from 1961-2020, this study predicts that the competitive landscape among pepper-producing countries is likely to change over the next 15 years. Some producing countries may overtake others in terms of pepper production and trade. Consequently, Indonesia needs to respond to these changes by implementing various sectoral-level improvements, such as investing in sustainable development, improving infrastructure, and addressing political factors, in addition to improving farmer-level practices.
Pola Sebaran dan Rendemen Hasil Gliserolisis Enzimatis Campuran CPO (Crude Palm Oil) dan PKO (Palm Kernel Oil)
Authors: Khasbullah Fizzaria , Murhadi Murhadi , Kurniawati Nurleni , Undadraja Bigi , Rini Hartari Widia
Published: August 2023

Pemanfaatan minyak dalam industri pangan dan non pangan semakin meningkat dengan semakin banyaknya temuan tentang proses sintesis oleokimia yang dapat diterapkan dalam skala industri. MAG dan DAG digunakan sebagai bagian dari produk lemak dan sering dikaitkan dengan pengemulsi lainnya.  Sintesis MAG dapat dilakukan secara kimia dan enzimatis.  Proses gliserolisis menggunakan enzim lipase sebagai biokatalis memerlukan energi yang relatif rendah serta menghasilkan produk dengan kualitas yang lebih baik.  Penelitian ini menggunakan gliserolisis enzimatis dan akan diamati pola sebaran produk gliserolisis yang menggambarkan tingkat kesempurnaan reaksi.  Pola sebaran yang menggambarkan kesempurnaan reaksi adalah pola sebaran yang memiliki spot yang menyebar secara teratur (tidak acak/lurus).

          Percobaan dilakukan dengan faktor tunggal dan dua ulangan.  Data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan histogram, kemudian hasilnya dibahas secara deskriptif.  Faktor perlakuan, yaitu perbandingan campuran CPO dan PKO yang terdiri dari 11 perbandingan CPO dan PKO : 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,6; 1,8 dan dua kontrol.  Perbandingan 0,2 berbanding 0,8 merupakan campuran CPO dan PKO, dimana fraksi CPO lebih kecil dibandingkan fraksi PKO, perbandingan 1,0 fraksi CPO sama dengan CPO, dan perbandingan 1,2 berbanding 1,8 adalah campuran CPO dan PKO lebih besar dimana fraksi CPO lebih tinggi dari PKO.

     Berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan, gliserolisis campuran CPO dan PKO dalam berbagai nisbah, menghasilkan pola sebaran pada lempeng KLT yang beraturan dan nilai Rf (Retardation factor) menunjukkan dari yang terdekat hingga terjauh adalah MAG, DAG, ALB, dan TAG dengan Rf  berturut-turut 0,01;0,12;0,31;0,57.  Rendemen MAG tertinggi dihasilkan oleh hasil gliserolisis kontrol CPO (83,90%) diikuti oleh kontrol PKO (74,90%) dan campuran CPO-PKO nisbah 0,8 (73,71%).  Rendemen MAG-DAG tertinggi dihasilkan oleh campuran CPO-PKO nisbah 1,6 (93,21%) diikuti oleh control CPO (91,88%) dan nisbah 0,8 (73,71%).
Alfisol Soil Fertility Before Planting and After Harvest as Meloon Planting Media with Bioboost Fertilization
Authors: Fajeriana Nurul , Abdul Gafur Muzna Ardin
Published: August 2023

Soil fertility is important in the cultivation process. Soil fertility is the potential of the soil to provide nutrients in sufficient quantities in available and balanced forms to ensure optimum plant growth and production. The current availability of nutrients in the soil has decreased as a result of continuous land use with the use of chemical fertilizers in the cultivation process, plus leaching and erosion by rainwater, not least in Alfisol soils. Therefore, fertilization with organic materials is carried out, namely the provision of Bioboost fertilizer. Bio boost is a biological fertilizer containing superior soil microorganisms, useful for increasing soil fertility as a result of soil biochemical processes. One of the applications of organic cultivation is the cultivation of melon (Cucumis melo L.) because melon is a plant that has high economic value and is profitable to be cultivated as a source of income for farmers. Based on this, a study was conducted to determine the nutrient status of Alfisol soil before planting and after harvesting which was used as a Melon plant with various concentrations of Bioobost fertilization. Furthermore, for the analysis of soil fertility, laboratory analysis was carried out by taking 1 kg of disturbed soil samples that had been air-dried and then analyzing soil properties, namely texture, pH (H2O), C-Organic (%), Nitrogen (%), P2O5 (ppm), K (cmol kg-1), Ca (cmol kg-1), Mg (cmol kg-1), Na (cmol kg-1), Na (cmol kg-1), CEC (cmol kg-1), and KB (%). The application of Bio boosts fertilizer showed an increase in the nutrient status of Alfisol soil as a Melon growing from low to moderate categories before planting to medium to high categories after harvest. The more concentration of Bioboost fertilizer given, the soil nutrient status also increases. The concentration of P4 (1100ml bio boost + 400ml water) gave the highest increase in nutrient status.

Keywords: bioboost; soil-fertility; melon
Harvesting Patterns of Merang Mushroom on Planting Media Empty Fruit Bunch
Authors: Sarono Sarono , Astuti Sri , Cendikia Devy , Supriyanto Supriyanto , Sukamto Sukamto
Published: August 2023

Empty fruit bunches (tankos) are a by-product, which is equal to the amount of CPO, which is 23%. Several attempts have been made to utilize tankos as a growing medium for mushroom, but these efforts have not been optimal. This is because they only take the edible mushroom product once, even though the waste still has the potential as a growing medium for the next mushroom, as well as the potential for compost. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of new EFB, EFB that have been used once, and twice (used EFB I and used EFB II) on the pattern and daily production of straw mushrooms on the pilot plant scale.Pilot plant scale research has been carried out at CV Lintang Agro Farm Raman Adji East Lampung with three treatments, namely new EFB, used EFB I, and second-hand boarding houses. The study was repeated two times. The raw materials used are EFB, lime, katul, mushroom seeds, second-hand tankos I and second-hand EFB. The stages of the research process began with the preparation of EFB, the process of making edible mushrooms and observing the results of the research. The results showed that (1) EFB could be used as a planting medium for straw mushrooms 3 times, (2) the most productive production of straw mushrooms with EFB media was carried out until day 20 of the inoculation process, and (3) planting straw mushrooms on EFB media was able to reduce cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content significantly.
Keywords: Pilot plant, EFB, Mushrooms, Harvest Pattern
The Priority of Sidomulyo Village Development Strategy as A Tourism Village for Sustainable Agriculture Batu City
Authors: Prayitno Gunawan , Rizka Augusty Widya , Permata Wijayanti Wawargita , Dinanti Dian , Subagiyo Aris , Wisnu Adrianto Dimas
Published: August 2023

Tourism Village is currently being developed by the Batu City Government. The policy was adopted in the strategic plan of the Batu City Tourism Office in the field of tourism product development by increasing the number of tourism villages that have adequate infrastructure. However, the tourism potential of Sidomulyo Village has not been able to attract tourists to enjoy the village. The problem of Sidomulyo Tourism Village encourages the need for planning that pays attention to all aspects of the tourism village. Therefore, the study was conducted to formulate strategic priorities as a tourism village in Batu City. The sample used in this study are expert respondents. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to assess the priority of development strategies. Research shows that development elements prioritized in the development of Sidomulyo Tourism Village are human resource elements with alternative priority to make community groups independent and able to build strong work teams.
The Effect of Indirect Trauma Experience of Role in the Work on the Actor's Mental Health: Focus on Focus Group Interview (FGI)
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Psychology, Kwon Ji Hye , Cho Young Il
Published: August 2023

This study is a qualitative study to analyze the effect of indirect trauma experiences according to roles on the mental health of actors. In order to understand the aspects of indirect trauma that occur in the personalization process of the actor's creation of a role, we analyzed through in-depth interviews with five leading actors in Korea. As a result of the study, when an actor plays a role that requires high emotional commitment and extreme physical expression, such as a victim of a crime or a murderer, it is more likely to experience post-traumatic stress than when plays a general role. Psychological pain due to the re-experience of trauma or transfered trauma according to the role affects the entire acting process, and the actor's stress that causes anxiety and obsession also affected the psychological state of the actor. In addition, regarding the relationship between the trauma of the role and the pshycological state of the actor, it was found that when the trauma of the actor's role coincides or has a similarity, it has a very serious effect.
A Study on Violent Extremism and Counter-terrorism
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Psychology, Kim Eun Kee
Published: August 2023

Recently, various political, religious, and cultural extremisms are being discussed as one cause of terrorism around the world. In addition, it presents the dangers of socially vulnerable groups affected by various types of extreme messages. In particular, we are closely watching the seriousness of the impact and potential spread of violent extremism. The world as well as the UN are recommending the need to analyze the actual situation and risk factors of violent extremism inflow into their countries, and to establish countermeasures. Also, multidimensional approach is required because this violent extremism spans many areas, including society, economy, religion, education, and development. In addition, since the motives for participation in terrorism are also analyzed in various ways, including political, religious, cultural, socioeconomic and personal reasons(poverty, social dissatisfaction, curiosity, etc.) serious discussions on violent extremism and terrorism are needed.
DOCK Blaster 2.0 - Automated Optimization of Docking Models using Retrospective Docking
Authors: Knight Ian , Tang Khanh , Mailhot Olivier , Irwin John
Published: August 2023

Molecular docking is a widely used technique for leveraging protein structure in ligand discovery, but as a method, it remains difficult to utilize due to limitations that have not been adequately addressed. Despite some progress towards automation, docking still requires expert guidance, hindering its adoption by a broader range of investigators. To make docking more accessible, we have developed a new command-line utility called dockopt, which automates the creation, evaluation, and optimization of docking models prior to their deployment in large-scale prospective screens. dockopt outperforms our previous automated pipeline across all 43 targets in the DUDE-Z benchmark, and the generated models for 86% of targets demonstrate sufficient enrichment to warrant their use in prospective screens, with normalized LogAUC values of at least 15%. dockopt is available as part of the Python package pydock3 included in the UCSF DOCK 3.8 distribution, which is available for free to academic researchers at https://dock.compbio.ucsf.edu, and free for everyone upon registration at https://tldr.docking.org.