bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Associated with Azithromycin in Acute Epstein‐Barr Virus Infection
Authors: BAUER KIMBERLY A. , BRIMHALL ANGELA K. , CHANG TIMOTHY T.
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  We report the first pediatric case of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms associated with azithromycin use in the setting of acute Epstein‐Barr virus infection in an 8‐year‐old boy. Our patient presented with fever, cutaneous eruption, eosinophilia, and hypotension requiring intensive care unit admission. He was discharged in good condition without any long‐term sequelae. This case underscores the importance of timely and accurate diagnosis of acute viral infections and appropriate use of antibiotics as well as recognition of the clinical signs of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms.
Comma Hairs in Tinea Capitis: A Useful Dermatoscopic Sign for Diagnosis of Tinea Capitis
Authors: MAPELLI ELISABETTA T. M. , GUALANDRI LORENZO , CERRI AMILCARE , MENNI SILVANO
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  Diagnosis of tinea capitis (TC) can be challenging for dermatologists, especially in noninflammatory TC caused by anthropophilic dermatophytes and in black patients, in whom erythema of the scalp is difficult to appreciate. The finding of a typical TC dermoscopic pattern may lead more quickly to a correct diagnosis.
Visual Data Mining: An Exploratory Approach to Analyzing Temporal Patterns of Eye Movements
Authors: Yu Chen , Yurovsky Daniel , Xu Tian(Linger)
Published: October 2011

Infant eye movements are an important behavioral resource to understand early human development and learning. But the complexity and amount of gaze data recorded from state‐of‐the‐art eye‐tracking systems also pose a challenge: how does one make sense of such dense data? Toward this goal, this article describes an interactive approach based on integrating top‐down domain knowledge with bottom‐up information visualization and visual data mining. The key idea behind this method is to leverage the computational power of the human visual system. Thus, we propose an approach in which scientists iteratively examine and identify underlying patterns through data visualization and link those discovered patterns with top‐down knowledge/hypotheses. Combining bottom‐up data visualization with top‐down human theoretical knowledge through visual data mining is an effective and efficient way to make discoveries from gaze data. We first provide an overview of the underlying principles of this new approach of human‐in‐the‐loop knowledge discovery and then show several examples illustrating how this interactive exploratory approach can lead to new findings.
Race‐Based Perceptual Asymmetry in Face Processing Is Evident Early in Life
Authors: Hayden Angela , Bhatt Ramesh S. , Kangas Ashley , Zieber Nicole , Joseph Jane E.
Published: October 2011

Adults’ processing of own‐race faces differs from that of other‐race faces. The presence of an “other‐race” feature (ORF) has been proposed as a mechanism underlying this specialization. We examined whether this mechanism, which was previously identified in adults and in 9‐month‐olds, is evident at 3.5 months. Caucasian 3.5‐month‐olds looked longer at a pattern containing a single Asian face among seven Caucasian faces than at a pattern containing a single Caucasian face among seven Asian faces. Homogenous and inverted face control conditions indicated that infants’ preference was not driven by the majority of faces in arrays or by low‐level features. Thus, 3.5‐month‐olds found the presence of an other‐race face among own‐race faces to be more salient than the reverse configuration. This asymmetry suggests sensitivity to an ORF at 3.5 months. Thus, a key mechanism of race‐based processing in adults has an early onset, indicating rapid development of specialization early in life.
To Grasp or Not to Grasp: Infants’ Actions Toward Objects and Pictures
Authors: Ziemer Christine J. , Plumert Jodie M. , Pick Anne D.
Published: October 2011

We conducted two experiments to address questions over whether 9‐month‐old infants believe that objects depicted in realistic photographs can be picked up. In Experiment 1, we presented 9‐month‐old infants with realistic color photographs of objects, colored outlines of objects, abstract colored “blobs,” and blank pages. Infants most commonly rubbed or patted depictions of all types. They also showed significantly more grasps toward the realistic photographs than toward the colored outlines, blobs, and blank pages, but only 24% of infants directed grasping exclusively at the photographs. In Experiment 2, we further explored infants’ actions toward objects and pictures while controlling for tactile information. We presented 9‐month‐old infants with objects and pictures of objects under a glass cover in a false‐bottom table. Although there were no significant differences between the proportion of rubs and pats infants directed toward the objects versus the photographs, infants exhibited significantly more grasping toward the objects than the photographs. Together, these findings show that 9‐month‐old infants largely direct appropriate actions toward realistic photographs and real objects, indicating that they perceive different affordances for pictures and objects.
The Incompetent Student Raises a Problem for the Language Teacher
Authors: Keating L. Clark
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary.— The performance of many students is poorest in foreign language because it is here that their inability to use and comprehend words as instruments of thought is most felt. The effect on the other college courses of a large number of linguistic defectives is such that concerted action seems to be necessary in order to maintain academic standards.
The “New Curriculum” Challenges the Modern Foreign Language Teacher*
Authors: Johnston Edgar G.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Sympathizers with foreign language study should understand the trends manifest in the “new curriculum.” Six of these trends are discussed, together with modifications already made in some courses of study, and criticisms against much of the present teaching explained. A broadly cultural presentation, emphasizing the social aspects of language, with provision for giving the pupil of lesser linguistic ability a workable concept of national backgrounds, is suggested.
On Compounding in German
Authors: Bell Clair Hayden
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— The evolutional trend in the compounding of particles with verbs in German is briefly discussed and, in certain border‐line cases that now involve a grammatical dilemma, the probable future solution is indicated.
Teaching the Pronunciation of Spanish“r”
Authors: Wright Leavitt O.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— The most characteristically Spanish of the consonant sounds, and one which is practically unknown in American‐English pronunciation, is written with a symbol which in American English represents a very different sound, and one which in turn is foreign to Spanish. The purpose of this paper is to encourage teachers of Spanish to teach a mastery of this sound by means of a scheme which has been thoroughly tried out, and which is scientifically indicated by authorities.
Ten Axioms of Language Learning
Authors: Patterson A. S.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— An analysis of the ten “axioms” of language teaching and language learning presented by Harold E. Palmer of the Institute for Research in English Teaching in Tokyo, Japan, corroborates the author's conviction that the teaching of modern foreign languages involves both a science and an art, and that oral practice is essential to the attainment of the reading aim.
How Erratic is the Gender of German Nouns?
Authors: Steckelberg Mathilde
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Although a student should be trained to learn the definite article with every German noun, it is possible for the teacher (1) to simplify his task by giving simple rules of gender, and (2) to present the problem of gender as somewhat if not entirely reasonable.
Our Modern Foreign Language Trinity: Language, Literature, Civilization1
Authors: Tarr F. Courtney
Published: October 2011

The importance of modern foreign language study for any well‐balanced curriculum: it provides not only practical training but a critical sense and humanistic perspectives especially needed at the present time. The triune approach: language, literature, and civilization: examples and suggestions for integrating these at all stages of study. Multiplicity of contacts and objectives, far from being a weakness of our subject, is its greatest value as an educational agent. Its richness and uniqueness in this respect.)
A New General Language Curriculum for the Eighth Grade
Authors: Michie Sarah
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— A report of an experiment in adapting the historical study of language to the eighth‐grade level.
An Adventure in Teaching Foreign Languages
Authors: Monroe R. E.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— This article, the first of a series by members of the staff of the Department of Romance Languages of Ohio State University, attempts to present a view of present conditions necessitating a revision of methods and materials. It aims to be realistic in considering the following questions: (1) What are we teaching? (2) Whom are we teaching? (3) How are we teaching? (4) And Why? In progressive steps from the first day of the beginners' course to more advanced work in linguistics and literature, articles by W. S. Hendrix, G. B. Fitch, A. H. Schutz, and George R. Havens will follow.
The Rise of the German Universities
Authors: Barnstorff Hermann
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— From the middle ages to the present day one can distinguish ten periods which contributed to the founding of most German universities. The reason for their establishment and the historical influences which molded the development of higher learning in Germany are set forth.
Language as a Factor in Integration and Assimilation
Authors: Covello Leonard
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— The social aims are fundamentally more important than merely intellectual aims and the future of modern language teaching depends upon the manner in which modern language teachers are able to adapt their teaching to the fundamental aims and purposes of the larger educational program related to the integration of the foreign‐born peoples with American life
French by Sound Pictures
Authors: Parker Clifford S.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— An inquiry made after the showing of a French talking‐film casts doubt upon the common assumption that such films teach comprehension of spoken French. Only‐advanced students are likely to understand the dialogue and profit by it. Such films may, however, have intangible value in stimulating interest in France.)
A Test in Need
Authors: Soldner Dora M.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— This test, for first year students, covers vocabulary, sentence sense and ability to read. It will serve as a stimulus for effective drill on such words as weshalb, weswegen, auf welche Weise. It can also be used as a diagnostic test for new students entering the sophomore year.
Good Teaching of French*
Authors: Giduz Hugo
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— For good teaching, teachers must first of all be well prepared in all phases of the language. Haste results in poor teaching. Lessons must be carefully planned to hold interest of pupils. Assignments must be carefully and clearly made. Teachers need further study abroad or in summer schools.
The Spanish Language and the Historical Spanish Background of the Continent in Connection with Inter‐American Relations*
Authors: Martinez Enrique Naranjo
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Historical background of Spanish in the New World; Spanish in the United States; unity of the Spanish language; future inter‐American relations and the teacher of Spanish; two great Colombian philologists; the Pan American Student Union.
Ten French “Serving‐Men”
Authors: Craighead Elizabeth MacGowan
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Foreign language power may be derived from “pupil‐made questions and answers,” if these are based on Understood Text, controlled by a memorized Group of Interrogatives and kept within the limits of the Language Under Consideration, without recourse to the Vocabulary or Constructions of English.
Foreign Politics in the Classroom: A Problem for the Modern Foreign Language Teacher
Authors: Doyle Henry Grattan
Published: October 2011

What happened to the study of German in 1917‐18 may happen again in 1939‐40 to German and to other foreign languages. Foreign language teachers must divorce the study of modern foreign languages, literatures, and cultures from politics. As teachers, good sense suggests self‐imposed limitations upon the freedom of speech and action to which we are unquestionably entitled as citizens. The study of foreign languages should stress the things that bind men together, not those that divide them.)
Correlation Through Co‐operation
Authors: Johnson Laura B.
Published: October 2011

Because a language expresses the whole life of a people, a foreign language can be correlated with every school subject. Its success depends upon wholehearted cooperation of all concerned. By showing the close relationship between this study and the pupil's other interests, the teacher can best demonstrate the validity of her subject.)
The Measurement of Vocabulary Difficulty
Authors: Tharp James B.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Six previous studies of vocabulary measurement are briefed in which four major fallacies mar the techniques. Data are presented from two investigations to show the application of a proposed Index of Difficulty, obtained by combining the two factors of Density and Frequency.
A Note on Finnish Given Names in America
Authors: Kolehmainen John Ilmari
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— This study describes briefly the processes by which Finnish Given Names have been modified and changed to meet the phonological conditions in the New World. It is a companion article to the writer's article referred to in note 1.
Two Polylingual Magazines
Authors: Schuchard Hans‐Karl
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— A description of two modern language magazines offering reading selections and study courses in from five to eight European languages.
Outside Reading
Authors: Giduz Hugo
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— If the idea of outside reading is properly presented to high school pupils they will gladly do it for the fun of reading and not merely for credit. The better they can read the more they will read.
A French Club Contest
Authors: Peacock Vera L.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Through its High School French Club Contest the Southern Illinois State Teachers College is fostering the interchange of ideas and practices in the French club work of this region and offering French teachers and large groups of their pupils an opportunity for a better acquaintance with each other and with the foreign language work of the college.
Student Recognition of Some Spanish‐English Cognates
Authors: Miller Minnie M. , Farr Geraldine
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— An experiment to test the ability of high school students to recognize Spanish‐English cognates shows that the average student who has not studied Spanish can recognize about seven hundred fifty Spanish words. Writers of texts often assume too great a knowledge of English vocabulary on the part of younger students. Deceptive cognates present a problem to the beginner.
The Practice of Correlation between French and Other Subjects
Authors: Bickford Belle E.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— To strengthen the position of French in the curriculum, we must show its interrelation with other subjects. A study of its physical structure, accompanied by research into the riches of its cultural background, furnishes material for class activities and the satisfaction of individual interests, and for integration with other departments.
The Student's Choice
Authors: Davis Arthur L.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— A questionnaire reveals that the majority of students in intermediate language classes prefer textbooks of real literary and cultural value.
A Factor in Presenting Our Product
Authors: Kettelkamp Gilbert C.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary.— If teachers of foreign languages have faith in their product they should be willing to use means available in presenting it to the public. Headline names from foreign news may serve in helping to make language study valuable and popular.)
A Regional Examination of the Foreign Language Situation from the University Viewpoint
Authors: Bement Newton S.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— A study conducted under several topic heads, followed by a summary of significant facts and their implications [the last topic head], q.v.
A “Quiz” on Italian Civilization*
Authors: Russo Giuseppe Antonio
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Students of Italian should be made conscious of the rich cultural achievements of Italy in an interesting and effective manner. The following “quiz” is an attempt in that direction.
Autonomous Language
Authors: Pleasants Richard R.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Concerning the explanation of seemingly arbitrary rules of grammar and word usage.
Educational Value of Modern Languages in Our Modern Civilization
Authors: Coq J. P. Le
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— The correlation of language with other subjects; the necessity of language study as a help to general culture, as an adjunct to science, as an instrument of international understanding and an axis for commerce.
The Philosophy of the Exchange1
Authors: Hilleret Albert
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— The French exchange professor knows much of the literature, manners and general culture of the English but he can ill afford to neglect to learn the language, literature, and philosophy of the vast United States. The philological differences between the English of England and America demonstrate the very basis of each country's mentality.) (Cf. article by Dr. Choquette, page 353.
Teaching Undergraduates
Authors: Musgrave Wilford Paul
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Modern language instruction in the first two years presents the most challenging task. Grammar, reading, and speaking should be developed simultaneously as requisite functional objectives. The use of English translations of foreign literatures along with the elementary study of language facts will provide stimulation. The publication of too many textbooks confuses our methods and objectives. Inspired motivation must not be neglected. Better results will do more to justify our cause than any campaign for defense.
On Being Suitably Deformed
Authors: Faye Paul‐Louis
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Travel and languages have much in common. If more people traveled abroad, they would know their neighbors better and wars might be less frequent. In default of travel, which wars have made so difficult, let us learn languages.
The Practice of Correlation Between the German Language and Other Subjects1
Authors: Krakowski Meyer
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— The author discusses his successful practice of correlation in connection with his language classes and the Deutscher Verein and with a course on German civilization. The results of correlation are certain to be favorable, if enduring cultural values only are emphasized and full regard is shown for the student's whole personality.
The Talking Film as a Medium of Instruction in Modern Foreign Languages: An Analysis of the Juer‐Marbach Method
Authors: Brickman William W.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— This article offers an account and an appraisal of a unique method of teaching languages with cartoons. While the method is far from feasible, it represents a pioneering effort and should spur teachers to reconsider the methods used today.
All's Fair in Love
Authors: Jones Willis Knapp
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Language examinations, to be fair, must test more than a knowledge of grammar and verb forms. Students should be given chance to show their acquired skills in situations similar to those in which they are likely to need their foreign languages in everyday life.
Suggestions to Students of German to be Transmitted through their Teachers
Authors: Goodloe Jane F. , Forsyth Charlotte E.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— The student beginning to read German should be impressed with the primary importance of the position and agreement of the inflected verb and whatever completes it, in question‐and‐answer work with the primary importance of the question itself and all its provides for the answer‐form.
Individualized Program for Supplementary Reading in High School
Authors: Mullins Marjorie
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Brief summary of a program in supplementary reading recently conducted in second and third‐year French classes. An attempt was made to provide for individual differences in the difficulty of material chosen, in the rate of student's reading and especially in the variety of subject matter offered. Various titles of books; comments by the students.
To Form a More Perfect Union
Authors: Withers A. M.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Too many foreign‐language teachers, through incomplete training and experience, have a narrow outlook upon their profession and do not work in harmony even with themselves. Especially harmful is their failure to seek a proper and vital union with teachers of English.)
A Reconsideration of the Teaching of Spanish on the Undergraduate Level
Authors: McCuaig W. D.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Because of the trend toward oversimplification in language teaching and the widespread desire to limit language study to reading, a reconsideration of the subject is necessary. Spanish is here used as the basis of investigation.)
Another Experiment in Foreign Language Broadcasts
Authors: Shipman Jennie S.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary.— Broadcasts in French, Italian and Spanish have been given weekly for the past two years, entirely in the foreign tongue, with only native speakers and with groups of pupils contributing music. May we not have published accounts of what is going on in this field in other parts of the country?)
Difficulties in the Simultaneous Study of Spanish and Portuguese
Authors: Malkiel Yakov
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary.— Certain difficulties arising from a simultaneous study of the two related languages, and suggestions, based on actual teaching experience, as to how they can be most effectively eliminated.
Let Them Speak French
Authors: Privitera Joseph F.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary.— Poor teaching of modern languages and insufficient stress on developing a speaking knowledge have been vital causes of the falling off of foreign language study. By teaching students to speak a language we can offer parents a tangible result which may serve as a boon.
People Want To Speak Foreign Languages
Authors: Meiden Walter
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary.— People naturally like to speak languages, but they do not care to analyze them grammatically. Enrollment figures in evening school classes and educational language courses given over the radio show the popularity of such courses when the aural‐oral approach is used. High school and college courses may regain some of their lost ground if language teachers exploit this natural desire to speak languages.
A Case for Translation
Authors: Finney Robert V.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary.— Translation as a means of learning to read has been receiving much abuse for several years. It is here defended on the grounds of its necessity, its relation to the time in which its values may be realised and its quality of building reading skill through the development of the student's powers of “intelligent conjecture.”)
The Case of the Modern Foreign Languages
Authors: Benesch Alfred A.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— America has a wealth of “technicians” but not enough “pilots.” The study of modern foreign languages will help provide more “pilots”—leaders in human fields.)
What Right Has Language Study to Survive? A Manifesto for Languages
Authors: Hauch Edward F.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— A reconsideration of the case of language study along original lines, based upon the premise that thought and the Word go hand in hand.)
The Modern Language Teacher in a Troubled World
Authors: Havens George R.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— The world‐crisis in its effect upon modern language teaching. Linguistic, literary, and cultural values, which remain in spite of war and political changes. What should be the attitude of the modern language teacher in the midst of difficult days? How shall we further revivify our teaching?)
Spanish‐English Cognates of High Frequency
Authors: Johnston Marjorie C.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Within Spanish and English vocabularies composed of the first 3000 words of the Buchanan and Thorndike frequency lists, over 1000 words in each language are related through their common Latin origin. The list of cognates is presented with suggestions for its use in teaching and research.)
A Checklist for Selecting Language Texts
Authors: Mazel Bernard L.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— From thousands of written comments by college teachers considering modern language texts for adoption, two checklists are offered. These cover grammars and readers for first and second year classes, and list all qualities the desirable text should contain.)
Some Sociological Aspects of Literature
Authors: Kahn Ludwig W.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Literature, perhaps born out of a social need, has always had a social function. Weber's theory discussed. Literary movements are conditioned by social interaction and transmission. Literary forms and techniques are part of our social heritage.)
A Profession of Faith
Authors: Phillips Walter T.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Foreign language instruction is being attacked by the uninformed laymen, the advocate of social sciences, and the specialist in education. Of these, the most insidious is the education specialist. Language specialists must reaffirm their faith in the value of their subject and bear constantly in mind that worthwhile improvements can come only from within the profession itself.)
To Accelerate the Language Stream
Authors: Withers A. M.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Suggestions for overcoming the isolationism and inertia now hindering a wholesome spread of general language interest and accomplishment.)
The Gift of Speech and the Brain
Authors: Podolsky Edward
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— The gift of speech is localized in the brain. The greater part of the speech mechanism is in the temporal lobe. Destruction of this vital center abolishes the ability to speak intelligently. Speech is an elaborate process involving many types of brain action. It is also an index of brain efficiency.)
Competent Advice in Language Elections
Authors: Beardsley Wilfred A.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Advice on taking a foreign language should be given by those individuals who know the lasting values of the several languages and fit these to the personal needs of the student.)
Predicting Success in an Intermediate Junior College Reading Course in Spanish*
Authors: Gabbert Thomas A.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— A prognosis test which shows a satisfactory correlation with achievement, and which, together with other records and tests, should furnish an objective and reliable basis for a wise counselling program in this type of junior college course.)
Mathematics and Foreign Languages—Tough Hombres
Authors: Greenfield Eric V.
Published: October 2011

A plea that these two subjects be retained in all high school, college and university curricula; more than any other subjects they teach how rather than what to think. For the development of correlated reasoning they have no superior.
The Place of Modern Languages in Professional and Vocational Training
Authors: McGee Sidney L.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— The ascendancy of the doctrine of utilitarian education is deplorable because such education is not doing its duty to true democracy. The study of the languages and other humanities develops the basic qualities needed not only for good citizenship but also for the effective practice of the technical professions and teaching.)
A Spanish Language Film
Authors: Croghan Harold
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— The brief description of the making of a Spanish language educational film, “Buenos días, Carmelita,” in the Sullivan high school, Chicago, includes a report of the criticisms made by the reviewing boards.)
Reflections on the Prospects of Another Spanish Boom
Authors: Petty McKendree
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— From the steady progress of French and German, which claim only a cultural and disciplinary value, one infers that a great mistake was made, during the last boom, in claiming only a practical value for Spanish. By keeping our heads in the present boom, we can avoid the mistakes of the past.)
The Study of Modern Languages and the Present Crisis
Authors: Wolf John B.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Only in the last forty to fifty years American isolation has become politically impossible. This has resulted in a challenge to our democratic way of life, for it implies that United States citizens—both leaders and followers—must come to understand our complex world. Since the first step to understanding other peoples must cross the linguistic frontier, a task for American education is to breach that wall. Our leaders must have access across that linguistic frontier, and as many of our citizens as possible must have at least a “Cook's tour” through the cultural life of other lands.
“La Donna È Mobile”
Authors: Peacock Vera L.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— The devices listed are suggested as ways of varying classroom routine, of bringing the foreign language work close to the students' daily life, and of correlating it with other academic subjects.
The Purpose of Graded Texts
Authors: Scanlon Charles L.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— A defence of word counts and graded texts as logical and useful in language learning.
Another Way of Teaching a Reading Text to a Second Year Class
Authors: Bentley Louise E.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— A method whereby comprehension, pronunciation, vocabulary and interest in reading may be stressed simultaneously and not seriatim. A revision of a paper read a few years ago before the Ohio Chapter, A.A.T.F.
A Retrospective View of Foreign Language Study
Authors: Moore Anne Z.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— An endorsement of the benefits to be derived from foreign language study. 89% of the adults responding to the questionnaire issued would again elect a foreign language in high school. A preference for an oral rather than a reading approach is shown.
Courses in Foreign Literature in Translation
Authors: Irvin Leon P.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— The cultural aims of modern language courses should include the development of the mental attitudes which characterize a cultivated person. Since the study of literature provides the best means for promoting this development, modern language teachers should make an effort to reach a larger group of students by offering courses in the foreign literature in English translation.
The University Library and the Modern Language Reading Knowledge Requirement
Authors: Thompson Lawrence
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary.— Graduate students satisfying the reading knowledge requirements in French and German are likely to choose unsuitable material or to damage expensive and irreplaceable sets. In order to protect library property and direct the student's reading along legitimate channels, a reference librarian trained in modern languages should advise on the selection of material to be read.
A College “International Night”
Authors: Blackburn Bonnie
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary.— An excellent “morale‐lifter” is a college “International Night,” sponsored by the department of modern languages and given with the cooperation of other departments. Using a basic pattern of little theater, museum, art exhibit, and cabaret, it creates interest and uncovers talent, besides providing a focus for much departmental work.
Testing in Radio Language Courses
Authors: Meiden Walter
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary.— Among the methods of estimating attendance in a radio language course are official enrollment figures, amount of correspondence received, quantity of texts bought from publishers, and number of tests mailed in. Tests probably furnish the most accurate means of estimating attendance and the degree of success of the course. They also direct the attention of the student toward the skills the instructor wishes to emphasize. They afford to the listener a frequent opportunity of asking questions and of making suggestions. But students must be persuaded to want to send in tests. This may be accomplished partly by making the taking of tests a requirement for receiving free material used in the course.
Realia in Foreign Language Courses
Authors: Spurr Frederick S.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Foreign language teachers should freely employ informational and illustrative items connected with the peoples whose languages are studied. By so doing, they can stimulate interest in their courses, widen the pupils' mental horizons, and correlate their work with other branches of the curriculum, besides aiding defense.)
The Problem of a Universal Language
Authors: Kamman William F.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Difficulties in mastering natural languages have caused scientists and others usually not linguists, to devise many schemes for artificial languages, of which Volapük and Esperanto are the best known; however, nationalistic aspirations, racial prejudices, and practical difficulties have interfered, and it is still a moot question whether any artificial language can be a success.)
War Terms in Spanish
Authors: Nunn Marshall E. , Schweitzer Jerome W.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— This is a list of some 500 words which deal with the war. The material falls into four classes, general, land, sea and air terms.
Increasing Reading Experience in Hebrew
Authors: Blumberg Harry
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— An experiment with supplementary reading materials in third and fourth term classes in Hebrew at James Monroe High School, New York City, with a view to improving reading ability, results and interpretation, scores on the objective tests, and conclusions.)
What Is Your M. L. M. Q.?
Authors: Maronpot Raymond P.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— A new‐type objective test in modern language methodology is presented with a view to the stimulation of self‐improvement of teachers through self‐rating.
Reporting a Test
Authors: Andrus Lawrence
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Description of a test of French composition, designed for the lower and intermediate levels, which can be scored objectively, and which, at the institution where it was developed, yields comparable results from year to year.
A Program for Elementary Reading‐Emphasis Courses
Authors: Churchman P. H.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— A detailed description of procedure in a 3‐hour elementary college class in French, with suggested implications for the 2‐year high school course. Discussion of types of text used, content of the course, methods employed (especially for the development of silent reading), results judged by national norms, and the purpose of such a course.)
A Plea for Stability
Authors: Wagoner Robert A.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Could a radically shifting language enrolment be in part stabilized by submitting to all students and advisers a statement of aims and objectives in each language?)
The Use of Standardized Objective Tests for Sectioning French Courses According to Student Ability
Authors: Smith Francis Prescott
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— A method for sectioning French students according to ability, the results of such sectioning, problems arising from sectioning according to ability, and summary of conclusions.)
What Is the French Conditional?
Authors: Daley T. A.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— The conditional is somewhat of a misnomer. Unknown to classic Latin it came into French during the Middle Ages to assume not only the function of mood but of tense. In addition, it sometimes replaces the imperfect subjunctive, which seems destined to disappear from French.)
Extensive Reading Versus Intensive Reading in the Study of Modern Foreign Languages
Authors: Moore Anne Z.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— A partial review of the literature in the field of extensive and intensive reading in modern foreign languages, together with an experiment designed to measure reading skill and vocabulary growth.
A New Order in Elementary French Grammar
Authors: Hooker Kenneth Ward
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Modern elementary French grammar texts for college students are too condensed, and follow no logical order in presenting explanations. A logical sequence of 14 lessons, designed to help the student overcome initial difficulties in mastery of French word‐order, is tabulated and described.
Frequency of Error in American Students' Pronunciation of French
Authors: Milligan E. E. , Bottke K. G.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— An examination of frequency and type of error in student pronunciation of French may lead to improved methods for avoiding the commonest difficulties and applying corrective stress where it is most needed.
Helping Freshmen Plan Their Programs
Authors: Spahn R. J.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— The foreign language department must be sure that freshmen planning their high school programs have a clear conception of the close interrelationship of languages —both ancient and modern. Only after stressing the value of language study in general should the department explain the values of the individual languages it offers.
Textbook Vocabularies and Deceptive Cognates in Spanish
Authors: Stevens L. C.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Authors of Spanish textbooks often fail to indicate deceptive cognates in their vocabularies. This leads students to make inaccurate and sometimes ridiculous translations. More attention to range of meaning in English and Spanish will improve the quality of these textbooks.
Foreign Languages and Democracy
Authors: De Gaetano Armand L.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— A plea for the continued study of French, German and Italian for their intrinsic value to Americans.
Attendance, Class Work and Examinations in Modern Language Courses for Beginners in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Goggio Emilio
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Because of the need of individual instruction, attendance in modern language courses for beginners should be made compulsory and the final mark in any one of such courses should be based primarily on class work and occasional tests rather than on a two or three hour examination at the end of the term.
A Classroom Exercise in Poetic Translation
Authors: Fife Austin E.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— To satisfy the interests of eight students of English registered in a course in college French, some time was devoted to poetic translation. Two poems were translated by the joint efforts of all students during class periods, and one by each student independently.
Castilian as a Norm
Authors: Scanlon Cora Carroll
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Argument in favor of retaining Castilian as a norm of Spanish pronunciation in American schools.
Education for the Peace Through the Foreign Languages1
Authors: Kroff Alexander Yale
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Although few would question the practical, vocational importance of languages in the present emergency, the permanent, universal values of foreign language study remain obscure and misunderstood. An attempt to analyze these “intangibles” and to emphasize their importance in the post‐war curriculum in our schools.
The Extent and Range of Foreignisms in Journalistic English
Authors: Lindgren Henry C.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— The proportionate number of foreign words used in newspaper English constitutes an index which could be used to measure the interest of Americans in foreign affairs, or the influence of various phases of foreign culture on ours.
Modern Language Instruction and Music
Authors: Shears Lambert A.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Modern language instruction, particularly in the colleges, often suffers from overemphasis on rational and historical aspects. Methods employed in music teaching might well prove the value of ear training and the importance of fixing mental patterns by an abundance of uniform examples.
An Open Letter to Foreign Language Teachers
Authors: Goedsche C. R.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Foreign‐born language teachers expect their students to pronounce correctly the sounds of the language they teach. By the same token, these teachers should feel the obligation to pronounce correctly the sounds of the English language.
Thoughts in Season
Authors: Koch Ernst
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— The arts, and especially literature, must be emphasized rather than de‐emphasized in the curriculum if we are not to debase the school as an ethical institution.
On Checking Grammar Proficiency in French Classes of the Upper Secondary School Level
Authors: Wood J. William
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Teachers of French in the preparatory school are frequently faced with the problem of finding a suitable “check” for the students' proficiency in grammar. The author discusses in this article a publication which he has found to be one solution to this problem.
Phonetics and Recent Developments in Language Study*
Authors: Funke Erich
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— The development of phonetics as an applied and an experimental science in the various fields of language study and of language teaching. The value of phonetics training in the study of the so‐called less known languages and the importance of applied phonetics in the teaching of modern languages in the light of the recent political developments.
The German Noun Plurals
Authors: Basilius H. A.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— The teaching of the plurals of German nouns can be facilitated by approaching them from the point of view of their structure as monosyllables or polysyllables on the basis of the nouns in the A.A.T.G. list. A classification of the nouns in the A.A.T.G. list according to their plural formations follows.
The How of the Hyphen
Authors: Foley Louis
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— The function of the hyphen is commonly misunderstood or ignored. Used with discrimination, the hyphen can facilitate reading, by marking relationships not otherwise immediately clear.
A Free Reading Program in the Foreign Languages
Authors: Coutant Victor
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Free reading should be encouraged, time should be allotted for it out of assigned periods, and consultation with students should help reach agreement as to amount, quality and type.
Languages in the Post‐war World1
Authors: Pei Mario A.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— American attitude toward languages is a symptom of our attitude toward world problems. Linguistic isolationism and linguistic imperialism must give way to linguistic collaboration if we are to convince other nations of our own desire for peace and equality among nations. The post‐war world will open fields of opportunity to people who are linguistically equipped to take advantage of them.
Borrowings from the German (1930–1941)
Authors: Koenig Karl F.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— It is evident from this list that borrowing words from other languages has not gone out of fashion. Even in war times, often particularly in such times, there is an increase of such trade. The present list has the value of being representative for it was compiled from such newsorgans as are read by millions of people. How many of these words placed again and again before the American reader will stay with us is left for the future to decide.
Languages and the War1
Authors: Danton George H.
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— Criticism has been made of the lack of accomplishment in modern languages and this lack of accomplishment has been said to be the reason why students are not interested. Our enemies do not make the mistake of devoting too little time to the study of modern languages and beginning them too late. Modern language teachers have been asked to do an impossible thing. They have been asked to do in two years, at three hours per week, what European students get in many years' study, beginning very early in the school curriculum. We cannot teach people to speak, read and write a language in the time allotted to us.
Literature as Usual?
Authors: Koch Ernst
Published: October 2011

Author's summary.— The difficulties of teaching literature, and its importance in the curriculum.
Languages and the War Effort
Authors: Rogers Francis Millet
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Many aspects of the prosecution of the war present opportunities for individuals possessing a working knowledge of modern foreign languages to make a vital contribution to the war effort. Experience shows, however, that students trained in American colleges and universities have not received the realistic and practical knowledge of foreign languages urgently needed.
Do Students Want to Study Foreign Languages?
Authors: Phillips Walter T.
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— It is common knowledge that there is widespread sympathy among the general public of the United States toward foreign language teaching. A survey of student opinion taken at San Diego State College shows the same friendly attitude. In the face of this evidence, how do foreign language opponents justify their stand against foreign language instruction?)
Reflections on the “Intensive” Course* in Foreign Language
Authors: Morgan Bayard Quincy
Published: October 2011

Author's Summary— Old and new features of the Army language course, and its drawbacks.
In Defense of Dictionaries and Definitions
Authors: Henninger George A.
Published: October 2011

Meaning, pronunciation and spelling, in the order given, are the essential things about words. More time is justified on all, especially the first.
Nomenclature of the German Subjunctive
Authors: Willey Norman L.
Published: October 2011

The use of the terms Subjunctive 1 and Subjunctive 2 has certain logical advantages but more practical disadvantages.
Brazil: Foreign Area Studies in College Portuguese
Authors: Jordan Emil L.
Published: October 2011

The possibility of including Brazilian area studies in the Portuguese college teaching program is discussed.
Army Language Instruction at Syracuse University
Authors: La Du Milan S.
Published: October 2011

An account of the principal aspects of the Army Language Program at Syracuse University including such items as: interviewing and segregation of soldiers on basis of competency; agencies of instruction (texts, supplementary materials, rôles of Informants and Senior Instructors, etc.); aims of program; difference between objectives and attainments of soldiers in Army program and students in civilian classes.
A Validated Grade‐Placement Outline of the Basic Essentials of Spanish
Authors: Blayne Thornton C. , Kaulfers Walter V.
Published: October 2011

This article outlines by semesters the fundamentals of grammar that deserve special stress in the first three years of high school Spanish (ninth, tenth, and eleventh grades) as determined from (1) a survey of current practice and opinion in cities of 365,000 population or over,1 and (2) a regrouping of the grammatical topics (thus derived) in terms of their merit‐ratings in Keniston's Spanish Syntax List.2