bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of checkerboard assay to determine the synergy between essential oils extracted from leaves of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa and nystatin against Candida albicans
Authors: Kamble Pramod Ananda , Phadke Manju
Published: February 2024

Background:

Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogenic yeasts, responsible for causing candidiasis. The use of conventional antifungal agents for the treatment of Candida is reported to be less effective and hence alternative therapies for the treatment are needed. Essential oils of medicinal plants may serve as a strong candidate for natural products in modern therapies.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the synergistic potential of essential oils extracted from leaves of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa and a potent antifungal agent, nystatin, against three clinical isolates of C. albicans using checkerboard assay.

Materials and methods:

The antifungal activity of the essential oils of A. marmelos was screened against test cultures by disc diffusion technique. Antibiograms of the test organisms were developed. To determine the minimum fungicidal concentration of the essential oil and nystatin, the broth microdilution method was employed, and a checkerboard assay was used to investigate the synergistic potential of the essential oil and nystatin against the clinical isolates under study. The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Results:

The Σ fractional inhibitory concentration values were calculated as 0.12, 0.37, and 0.28 for three different strains of C. albicans used, respectively, which was <0.5, therefore, the synergy was demonstrated between essential oils and nystatin against the test cultures.

Conclusions:

Combinatorial therapy of the essential oils extracted from the leaves of A. marmelos and nystatin may be considered a line of treatment for candidal infections.
Safety and efficacy of COROPROTECT kit as an add-on therapy in the management of mild-to-moderate COVID-19: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Savaliya Chetan , Pandya Shridhar , Thumar Kamalesh , Nagore Dheeraj
Published: February 2024

Background:

The constructive role of Ayurveda in managing COVID-19 has been widely discussed, with identified herbs showing immunomodulatory and anti-viral potential. However, clinical trials examining their safety and efficacy are limited.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of COROPROTECT kit, a proprietary Ayurvedic formulation, in COVID-19.

Materials and method:

Randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 312 mild to moderate hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Groups received COROPROTECT or placebo for 10 days alongside standard care.

Results:

The outcome measures included the number of days taken to reverse the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) status, reduction in symptoms and inflammatory markers. Fisher exact test was used to analyze the changes between categorical variables, whereas the comparative effect of therapy in both groups on inflammatory markers and safety biochemical parameters was analyzed using Student’s t test. A total of 300 patients completed the study without any adverse events. The COROPROTECT kit group exhibited a statistically significant higher percentage of patients testing negative on days 4, 7, and 10 compared to the placebo group. A within group analysis showed that trial group to significantly reduced the levels of C-reactive protein (P = 0.03), lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.001), and interleukin-6 (P = 0.01). Subjects of the trial group experienced complete relief from cough (69.33%), breathlessness (65.33%), and fatigue (62.67%) within 4 days. In contrast, the placebo group had 20%–40% of participants with mild symptoms persisting until day 10.

Conclusion:

This study suggests potential future implications, indicating a faster RT-PCR negativity, reduced COVID-19 severity, and inflammatory markers, along with early symptomatic recovery. The COROPROTECT kit proved safe, facilitating an accelerated clinical recovery compared to conventional care.
A Safe Laparoscopic Approach for Ovarian Tumors during Pregnancy
Authors: Imaizumi Junki , Yoshida Kanako , Noguchi Hiroki , Maeda Takaaki , Kato Takeshi , Iwasa Takeshi
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

Surgery for pregnant women with ovarian tumors poses the risk of uterine irritation. We aimed to demonstrate the superiority of our laparoscopic technique over conventional methods and to compare the outcomes of laparoscopy with those of laparotomy for ovarian tumors during pregnancy.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study included 50 patients undergoing procedures for ovarian tumors during pregnancy at the Tokushima University Hospital between January 2005 and December 2021. We compared surgical outcomes between laparoscopic procedures and laparotomy, along with complications. In addition, we compared the frequency of uterine stimulation with the conventional trocar position to that with the currently used trocar position in laparoscopic surgery.

Results:

Forty patients in the laparoscopy group and 10 in the laparotomy group underwent procedures. The laparoscopy group had less bleeding (16.4 ± 28.8 vs. 58 ± 72.2 mL, P < 0.05) and shorter hospital stays (7.6 ± 1.7 vs. 12.8 ± 13.1 days, P < 0.05) compared with those of the laparotomy group. The outcomes showed no significant differences between groups. All laparoscopies and laparotomies were successful and without complications. Furthermore, the current trocar position tended to stimulate the uterus less frequently.

Conclusion:

The results suggested that, compared to laparotomy, laparoscopy for ovarian tumors during pregnancy had better outcomes. The trocar position in our technique allows for easy operation of ovarian tumors without interference by forceps or cameras, resulting in minimal irritation of the uterus. Our original laparoscopic method may be safer with superior outcomes over the conventional method.
Molecular genetics of inherited normal tension glaucoma
Authors: Pan Yang , Iwata Takeshi
Published: February 2024

Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a complex optic neuropathy characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death and glaucomatous visual field loss, despite normal intraocular pressure (IOP). This condition poses a unique clinical challenge due to the absence of elevated IOP, a major risk factor in typical glaucoma. Recent research indicates that up to 21% of NTG patients have a family history of glaucoma, suggesting a genetic predisposition. In this comprehensive review using PubMed studies from January 1990 to December 2023, our focus delves into the genetic basis of autosomal dominant NTG, the only known form of inheritance for glaucoma. Specifically exploring optineurin (OPTN), TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), methyltransferase-like 23 (METTL23), and myocilin (MYOC) mutations, we summarize their clinical manifestations, mutant protein behaviors, relevant animal models, and potential therapeutic pathways. This exploration aims to illuminate the intricate pathogenesis of NTG, unraveling the contribution of these genetic components to its complex development.
Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Keratocyst: Report of Nine Cases with Review of Literature
Authors: Dineshkumar Thayalan , Rameshkumar Annasamy , Rajkumar Krishnan , Ravindran Swaathi
Published: February 2024

Formerly believed to be a subtype of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC), a rare developing odontogenic cyst, is now believed to be distinct. The clinical, radiographic, histological data are included in this report, along with a review of the literature to aid in comprehending the cyst. A retrospective search in the oral pathology department between 2018 and 2022 was conducted to recover all cases reported as OOC in SRM Dental College, Ramapuram. Radiographs and Haematoxylin and Eosin stained histological slides were re-examined. Overall, there were nine cases in which men were engaged in 80% of the instances and the group’s ages varied from 20 to 35. The primary symptoms of all of the patients were pain and edema. The vast majority of cases had an impacted tooth in the jaw. All of the lesions showed clearly visible radiolucency on orthopantomographs [OPG], with the exception of one specific case. Additionally, histological examination of each patient revealed the characteristic microscopic traits and enucleation was done to treat all the cases. OOC has a more favourable outcome than OKC due to variations in prognosis, management and must be considered distinct from OKC. Most of our cases—a large majority—involved adolescent males’ mandibles and involved pain and edema. Most were unilocular and all were radiolucent. The literature-recommended histopathological findings were present and all cases were enucleated.
Assessment of the Efficacy and Safety of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Pain in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Studies
Authors: Kulshreshtha Poorvi , Neyaz Osama , Begum Shahena , Yadav Raj Kumar , Deepak Kishore Kumar
Published: February 2024

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is an adjunctive treatment for chronic pain. The current study aimed to perform a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of HBOT for pain reduction in fibromyalgia (FM) patients compared to conventional therapy. A systematic search of medical subject headings and keywords associated with HBOT for FM patients was conducted using electronic databases: MEDLINE/ PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus. Google Scholar was also combed to detect likely non-indexed available studies. We also searched manually through reference lists of identified original articles or reviews for relevant articles. The http://www.clinicaltrial.gov was examined for all research protocols being conducted/ planned. The Cochrane Collaboration tool and Higgins and Thompson’s I2 method determined the risk of bias and heterogeneity. The primary outcome was the effect of HBOT on pain; secondary outcomes included adverse effects of HBOT, assessment of the quality of life, functional impairment, psychological symptoms, and sleep quality. The overall quality of evidence was assessed with the GRADE approach. Cochrane RevMan software (version 5.4) was used for data analysis. Results were synthesised through a general summary of the characteristics and findings of each study. We also analysed different HBOT protocols and their outcomes across the studies. Five RCTs enrolling 91 and 89 patients in FM and control groups were included in the present study. HBOT results in decreased tender points (-6.23 (95 % CI: -7.76, -4.71) P < 0.0001), increased pain threshold (0.57 (95% CI: 0.3, 0.83) P < 0.00001) and a decreased Visual Analog scale (VAS) score for pain (-5.31(95 % CI: -8.17, -2.45)). Quality of life, sleep, functional impairment, etc., also improved after HBOT. HBOT is effective in pain and other associated outcomes in FM patients. In FM patients, high-quality evidence in favour of HBOT to improve pain, fatigue, quality of life, sleep, psychological outcomes, etc., is required.
Leprosy in North India in Post-Elimination Era: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hazarika Neirita , Bhatia Riti , Divyalakshmi C.
Published: February 2024

Background:

India achieved elimination target for leprosy in December 2005. However, many pockets in the country continue to report significant number of cases.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to study the profile of leprosy cases presenting to a tertiary care hospital in North India in post-elimination era.

Patients and Methods:

The study was conducted at Hansen’s disease clinic. The study design was a retrospective observational study. Chart review of treatment naive leprosy patients enrolled between 1st January 2018 and 31st December 2019 was done. Data regarding demographic profile, clinical spectrum of leprosy, slit-skin smears (SSSs) and histopathological findings were analysed.

Statistical Analysis:

Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Data were statistically described in terms of range, mean ± standard deviation, frequency (number of cases), and relative frequency (percentages).

Results:

Amongst a total of 115 patients, males (68%, n = 79/115) outnumbered females. Children (<15 years) constituted 0.86% cases (n = 1/115) and 26% cases (n = 30/115) were above 50 years of age. Multibacillary leprosy (73%, n = 84/115) was more common. Borderline lepromatous (41.7%, n = 48/115) was the most common clinical type of leprosy, whereas Grade 2 disability was noted amongst 0.05% (n = 6/115) patients at presentation. SSS were positive in 60% (69/115) cases.

Conclusions:

The present study showed a significant increase in cases in the older age group and decrease in new cases in children. Furthermore, multibacillary cases outnumbered the paucibacillary cases. Similar trends were reported to be an indicator of decreasing incidence of leprosy in countries that eliminated leprosy. We speculate that India may be entering a phase of decreased community transmission of leprosy. Further, multicentric studies across the country may throw more light.
A Survey on Relation of Menopause to Metabolic Syndrome - SAFOMS STUDY (South Asian Federation of Menopause Societies) - Interim Analysis
Authors: Ahuja Maninder , Sharma Jai Bhagwan , Perumal Vanamail , Sharma Priyanka , Bansal Ramandeep , Sarkar Avir , Agrawal Mohini
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a spectrum of disorders that includes dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. South Asian Indians are more prone to harbor MS at a younger age compared to Caucasians. However, there is a lack of large-scale data correlating menopause to MS in South Asian settings.

Aims and Objectives:

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of MS and its components in pre- and postmenopausal women. It also assessed the relationship of age, menopausal status, personal and family history, anthropometric parameters, and biochemical markers to MS.

Materials and Methods:

It was an interim analysis of a multicountry cross-sectional study in the South Asian Federation of Menopause Society (SAFOMS) countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka conducted through both online and physical methods. The survey questionnaire consisted of questions about details of personal history, demographics, and family history related to MS. Anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, basal metabolic index (BMI), waist circumference, and blood pressure readings were noted. Relevant history, history of polycystic ovarian syndrome, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and vasomotor symptoms were enquired. Biochemical evaluation of markers associated with MS was undertaken.

Results:

In this interim analysis, 638 women were recruited. Out of them, 406 (63.6%) women were premenopausal and 232 (36.4%) were postmenopausal. 392 (61.4%) women had MS, while 246 (38.6%) women did not have MS. Increasing age, BMI, and visceral adiposity (waist circumference) were significantly correlated with incidence of MS. Raised fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, serum triglyceride, and reduced high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly associated with the incidence of MS in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Peri- and postmenopausal hot flashes, night sweats, and sleep disturbances were also significantly associated with MS. Personal history of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were the strongest factors to be associated with MS with a significantly high odds ratio.

Conclusion:

The study has highlighted the role of BMI and waist circumference as the first warning signs, which will encourage to go for regular biochemical screening through lipid profile and fasting blood glucose measurements. Our study is a stepping stone for all future studies for relation of menopause to MS.
Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of EstroG-100® in Alleviating Menopausal Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women in India: A Prospective, Single-center, Single-arm, Interventional Study
Authors: Kirubamani Hepzibah , Ahire Prachi , Stalin C
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Menopause is a natural stage in a woman’s life marked by the cessation of menstrual periods. Common symptoms include hot flashes, mood swings, and vaginal discomfort, among others. These climacteric symptoms lead to a compromised quality of life affecting physical, biological, psychological, and social well-being. There are concerns with long-term clinical use of Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and alternative therapies that are devoid of adverse risks are required. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EstroG-100®, containing a mixture of standardized extracts of Cynanchum wilfordii, Phlomis umbrosa, and Angelica gigas, on menopausal symptoms and its impact on quality of life.

Methodology:

This was a prospective, single-center, single-arm, interventional study. Sixty female subjects, with confirmed menopause and moderate-to-severe symptoms, were enrolled and treated with EstroG-100® twice daily, for 12 weeks. Improvement in the climacteric symptoms was evaluated using the Menopause Rating Scale-11 and Menopause Symptoms Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (MS-TSQ). All the results were evaluated by the SPSS software version 23.0.

Results:

A significant improvement was noticed in the somatic, urogenital, and psychological climacteric symptoms from baseline to 6 weeks (P = 0.001) and a highly significant improvement after 12 weeks (P = 0.0001) of treatment. 96.5% of patients were satisfied with the treatment outcome evaluated by the MS-TSQ. No changes in blood pressure and body mass index were reported. No side effects were reported during the study.

Conclusion:

The first study of EstroG-100® in Indian menopausal women demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in climacteric symptoms. A 12-week treatment proved safe and effective in enhancing postmenopausal women’s quality of life. The remedy was well-tolerated and effectively alleviated menopausal symptoms.
Telemedicine in Health Care: A Review of Progress and Challenges in Africa
Authors: Ayo-Farai Oluwatoyin , Ogundairo Oluwatosin , Maduka Chinedu Paschal , Okongwu Chiamaka Chinaemelum , Babarinde Abdulraheem Olaide , Sodamade Olamide Tolulope
Published: February 2024

Telemedicine, the use of telecommunications technology to deliver health-care services remotely, has witnessed significant growth worldwide, offering new possibilities for enhancing health-care accessibility and delivery. This review explores the progress and challenges of implementing telemedicine in the unique context of Africa. Despite the continent’s diverse health-care landscape and infrastructural variations, telemedicine has shown promise in addressing critical health-care challenges. The study outlines the progress made in telemedicine adoption across Africa, highlighting successful initiatives, such as mobile health applications, teleconsultations, and telemonitoring programs. These efforts have contributed to improved health-care access, particularly in remote and underserved areas. In addition, the utilization of telemedicine has played a crucial role in disease management, prevention, and health education. However, the implementation of telemedicine in Africa is not without challenges. Infrastructure limitations, including inadequate Internet connectivity and inconsistent electricity supply, pose significant hurdles. Furthermore, the shortage of trained health-care professionals and concerns related to data security and privacy must be addressed to ensure the sustainable and widespread adoption of telemedicine. This study critically examines the regulatory landscape surrounding telemedicine in various African countries, emphasizing the need for harmonized policies to encourage cross-border collaboration and standardization. The sociocultural factors influencing the acceptance of telemedicine among diverse populations are also discussed, acknowledging the importance of community engagement and awareness. While telemedicine presents a promising avenue for improving health-care delivery in Africa, careful consideration of the continent’s unique challenges is essential. Collaborative efforts involving governments, health-care providers, technology developers, and communities are crucial for overcoming barriers and maximizing the potential benefits of telemedicine in advancing health-care equity and quality across Africa.
A Rare Occurrence of Acute Carotid Blowout Syndrome in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almaghlouth Maitha Khalid , Alhaddad Mohammed Sami , Zaidi Syed Sajjad , Othman Eyas
Published: February 2024

An unfortunate and feared complication of oncologic head-and-neck surgery is acute carotid blowout syndrome (ACBS). We present a rare case of ACBS in a patient who underwent salvage total laryngectomy after treatment with organ-sparing radiochemotherapy. A 62-year-old male with a history of glottic squamous cell carcinoma presented with massive transoral and transnasal bleeding 5 weeks following total salvage laryngectomy. Computed tomography angiography showed aneurysmal bleeding from the right common carotid artery. The active oral and nasal bleeding presentations were not provided with external warning signs of its forthcoming existence. The patient underwent emergent right carotid stenting by an interventional radiologist. Hemostasis was achieved without any neurological deficits. Carotid blowout syndrome prevention by early identification of the risk factors is necessary to prevent fatal hemorrhage or grave neurological morbidity. Early intervention to control bleeding results in significantly lower morbidity and mortality rates.
Ultrasound biomicroscopic findings in Fuchs uveitis syndrome: A contralateral eye study
Authors: Kianersi Farzan , Mortazavi Seyed. A. , Peyman Alireza , Rahimi Fatemeh , Pourazizi Mohsen
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE:

The aim of this study was to determine ultrasound biomicroscopic findings in patients with Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS).

METHODS:

This cross-sectional, contralateral comparative eye study was conducted on patients with unilateral FUS. Both eyes of each patient underwent ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) imaging at the 12, 3, 6, and 9-o’clock radial meridians. Ultrasonographic data were collected, including the thickness (mm) of the ciliary body (CB), CB with ciliary processes, and iris thickness at 0.8 mm from the iris root, mid-iris, and iris tip.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 36 eyes from 18 patients with unilateral FUS, including 10 (55.6%) females, with a mean age of 38.44 ± 9.2 years. The average thickness of CB (P < 0.001), 0.8 mm from the iris root (P = 0.003), mid-iris (P < 0.001), and the iris tip (P < 0.001) was thinner in the affected eyes compared to the fellow eyes of the patients. Analysis of variance analysis showed that differences among all quadrants were not significant in both groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

This study showed that CB and iris thickness were significantly thinner in the affected eyes compared to the fellow eyes of patients with FUS, as assessed using the UBM technique.
Real-time investigation of dust collection effects on solar PV panel efficiency
Authors: Vedulla Gowtham , Geetha A
Published: February 2024

The amount of the light distraction on the PV is made by the accumulation of particles of dust which in turn decreases efficient performance as well as leads to a reduction of money flow for the investors. More studies and tests were carried out inside the laboratories that cannot find a proper solution to mitigate the same. This study can enable the proper cleaning schedules of the PV panels as this work is being carried out on a real-time basis on the rooftops. The measurement of required parameters like irradiation, output power from the panels, and the amount of dust particles accumulated was done on an hourly, monthly, and yearly basis. It is found that nearly 8% of the performance could be dropped annually. For making a sustained operation of the PV panels it is required to have a cleaning process for 45 days intervals, especially for small-scale systems.
Heat Conduction through Natural Fiber/Carbon Nanotubes Filler Matrix
Polymer Composite Slabs: An Experimental and Analytical
Comparisons
Authors: Senthilkumar N. , Ramu S. , Deepanraj B.
Published: February 2024

The latest developments in composite materials are anticipated by green
engineering. Materials must be eco-friendly, recyclable, biodegradable, and easy
to decompose. Researchers are interested in utilizing natural fibres, fillers,
and synthetic active ingredients. Natural fiber-polymer composites can specify
certain mechanical properties but are hydrophilic and weak, so they rarely meet
the needed thermal properties. Composite material selection depends on the
application and the superior properties of the fibre/filler: banana fibre (BF),
ice husk (RH) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). In this research
article, a brief discussion of the heat transfer mechanism of composites and the
development of energy conduction equation are performed for hybrid natural
polymer composite. The maximum thermal conductivity observed for
10BF/10RH/1MWCNT wt.% composite is 0.2694 W/mK. From ANSYS numerical simulation,
the temperature distribution along the composite wall temperatures T1 to T8
(inner slab: 353K, interface slab: 333K, and outer slab: 313 K) and along with
the maximum internal heat generation (inner Slab: 76.418 W/m2, interface slab:
76.402 W/m2 and exterior slab: 76.285 W/m2) resisted by the polymer matrix
composite. Finally, it is concluded that the probe temperature and heat flux
experimental and analytical data are identical.
Topology, Morphologies, and Material Properties of 40% Aluminium-10%
Nickel Boride Alloys as a Function of Recrystallization Rate
Authors: Srinivasan V.P. , Selvarajan L. , Balu Mahandiran S. , Venkataramanan K. , Sasikumar R. , Shanthi C.
Published: February 2024

The study will involve conducting analyses on microstructures consisting of 40%
aluminium and 10% nickel, with variations in the rate of hardening. The
aluminium and nickel, both of commercial grade, were subjected to a crucible
furnace where they were heated to a temperature of 1600 degrees Celsius until
they reached a molten state. The utilization of permanent moulds was necessary
for casting the metal at temperatures of 20, 60, and 100 degrees Celsius. In
order to document the freezing curvature of the castings, a centralized data
collection technique was implemented. The microstructure and mechanical
properties of this alloy were examined by researchers. The rate of
solidification was observed to increase and the duration of the process was
observed to decrease as the temperature of the mould was reduced. The
microstructure has been modified due to disparities in solidification rates. An
increase in the rate of solidification leads to a reduction in the spacing
between secondary dendritic arms, hence leading in an enhancement of strength.
The hardness of the product exhibited an increasing trend as the distance from
its center to its edges grew.
Design and Testing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Morphing Control
Surface
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Shankar Gowri , Antony Ajin , Vinayachandran Varun , Thomas Nithin
Published: February 2024

The prospective generation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can attempt to
eliminate conventional primary control surfaces, thereby seeking to enhance
operational efficiency. This endeavor constitutes an experimental manifestation
of morphing principles utilizing Shape Memory Alloy (SMA), specifically Nitinol,
to actuate control surfaces through a meticulously orchestrated application of
power cycles at diverse frequencies. The integration of Morphing Technology has
garnered heightened attention within the aviation industry, owing to its
capacity to augment efficiency and performance across a spectrum of flight
conditions.

The intrinsic appeal of morphing lies in its potential to dynamically alter wing
geometry during flight, thereby optimizing fuel efficiency and mitigating
environmental impact through diminished carbon emissions resulting from reduced
drag. This, in turn, necessitates reduced thrust to achieve similar or same
performance levels.

The pivotal material employed for achieving desired shape alterations is Nitinol,
distinguished by its Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) characteristics when subjected to
controlled heating beyond its transformation temperature. The process entails
the passage of current through the Nitinol wire until it reverts to its initial
preset configuration. However, this method is inherently limited, attaining only
maximum deflection when activated and maintaining a neutral deflection when
inactive.

To overcome this inherent constraint, a strategy is devised, involving the
manipulation of the control surface deflection angle. This is accomplished
through the judicious activation and deactivation of the circuit at varied time
intervals, enabling a spectrum of deflection angles to be achieved. This
transformative approach holds considerable promise for application in low and
medium altitude UAVs, thereby potentially extending their range and/or
endurance. With a potential to improve of approx. 2% can be observed compared to
conventional methods.
Investigation of Inconel 718 on Electrical Discharge Machining Using
Copper and Copper Alloy-Tungsten Disulfide Electrodes
Authors: Dinesh D. , Sangaravadivel P. , Jeevith R. , Kishore M. , Deepith N. , Srikanth M.
Published: February 2024

Inconel 718 is a nickel-rich superalloy that can function in cryogenic to
high-temperature applications. It has excellent mechanical and
corrosion-resistant properties. This research focuses on developing Cu and
Cu–alloy–tungsten disulfide (WS2) tools developed through a stir casting route,
and the machining behaviour of Inconel 718 alloy in the EDM Process is
investigated. The influence of output responses of Removal rate of material
(RRM), surface roughness (SR), and tool wear loss rate (TWR) on input
constraints pulse time-on, peak discharge current, and type of tool. The optimal
parameters are studied with the aid of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) combination, in response to maximize and
decrease the RRM, TWR, and SR, respectively. It is found that using the
Cu-WS2 tool provides an optimum finding with a peak discharge
current of 18 Amps, and pulse on time of 8 μs yields the best value for RRM,
TWR, and SR. In addition, a three-dimensional contour plot between the tool type
and process parameter's input and output values was obtained. Finally, the
confirmation test was conducted, and then it was compared with the experimental
and expected outcome. The optimal solution's minimum deviation reflects the
effectiveness of the optimized model.
Design and Analysis of Fuel Injector for Efficient Fuel
Flow
Authors: Manirathnam A.S. , Kaviyarasan K.
Published: February 2024

This article examines the integration of spiral ducts into the fuel injector's
design. The efficiency of the fuel injector can be categorized into qualitative
and quantitative parameters. The fuel dosage used in the fuel injector comes
under the quantitative parameter and the qualitative parameters are the
properties of the injected fuel, which are quantified by the width, opening
angle, atomization and range. The objective of the change in atomizer is the
addition of turbulence to the fuel flow, which induces desirable results in the
fuel flow, which can increase fuel injector efficiency and improve combustion
efficiency in diesel engine. The spirals are added to the non-moving part of the
injector. The conventional fuel injectors have a cylindrical component,
resulting in openings through which fuel flows within the injector. The change
in geometry can lead to improvement of diesel spraying. The proposal to use
spiral ducts in diesel spraying injector is innovative for diesel engines and is
helpful for efficient hybrid vehicles.
Performance of Five-Point Seat Belt on Occupant Safety in Vehicle on Frontal Crash Test
Authors: Vinodh T. , Dineshkumar C. , Jeyakumar P.D. , Muthiya Solomon Jenoris , Vinayagam Nadana Kumar , Christu Paul R. , Dhanraj Joshuva Arockia
Published: February 2024

In day-to-day life, accidents do occur frequently all around the globe. It is difficult to prevent these accidents as they occur due to different reasons, which cannot be easily controlled. However, the fatal injuries occurring to passengers can be reduced by installing efficient safety systems in vehicles, which will help in saving the lives of mankind. Many safety systems are being installed in vehicles such as seat belt restraints, airbags, etc. Generally, three-point seat belts are installed in passenger vehicles for safety purposes. This type of seat belt doesn't arrest the entire motion of the occupant's body during vehicle crashes, which can lead to fatal injuries and sometimes even death during vehicle crashes. To buckle passengers with seats, we can use five-point seat belts which will help in mitigating the injuries as compared to three-point seat belts. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of five-point seat belts on occupant safety during vehicle crashes on flat rigid barriers using LS-DYNA.
Evaluation of Tribological Behaviour of Stir Casted Aluminium Alloy
Hybrid Composites
Authors: Raghul K.S. , Kaviyarasan K. , Vinayagamoorthi M.A. , Velmurugan Santhosh
Published: February 2024

Employing the stir casting process, a unique hybrid composites were fabricated,
using A356 as the matrix and reinforced with ZrSiO4 and
TiB2 particulates. The produced specimens were initially in their
as-cast state. Following that, the reinforcement particle concentrations were
changed 2 and 4 weight percentages (wt%) of ZrSiO4 and keeping a
constant 6 wt% of TiB2. Three samples were exposed to dry sliding
conditions at room temperature using a tribometer. Two applied loads of
magnitude 10N and 50N and a sliding velocity of 1m/s and 2m/s were selected as
testing parameters. After measuring the wear rate (WR) and the coefficient of
friction (COF), the worn-out pin surfaces were examined using scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). The results of the study indicated that, under different
sliding parametric conditions, the hybrid composite sample with a weight
percentage of A356, specifically with 4% ZrSiO4 and 6%
TiB2, displayed a minimal WR and a higher COF compared with the
remaining samples. This superior performance can be attributed to the harder
particles within the composite, which enhance its sliding performance when
incorporated into the A356 softer alloy. SEM analysis revealed that soft-natured
test samples showed deep and shallow grooves with no discernible cracks under a
50N applied load and a 2 m/s sliding velocity. However, the test sample with the
maximum weight % addition exhibited minimal surface damage, a lack of particle
pullout, and no significant cracks. These findings imply that the innovative
hybrid composite formulation exhibits enhanced tribological characteristics,
making it a good candidate for replacing components in the aerospace and
automotive sectors.
The Dynamics of Resilience in Muslim Adolescents from Broken Home Families: A Theological Analysis
Authors: Sofia Lisda , Rasyid Miranti , Faradillah Azizah , Soleha Tiki Faeqotus , Luthfiyana Dira Syarifah Dwi , Rahayu Diah , Suhesty Aulia , Sandjaja Meilani
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to determine the dynamics of resilience in adolescents who experience broken homes through a theological perspective. This research used a qualitative phenomenological method, and data collection was carried out using structured interviews. Data was obtained from subjects with the criterion of being teenagers who experienced broken homes. They were aged between 16 and 19 years. Data analysis was done by organizing and coding data, determining themes, searching for categories, describing categories, and discussing research results. The results showed that the subjects had different resilience. The most vital resilience arises from understanding good religious (theological) teachings. The forms of resilience found in this research include emotional conditions, emotional regulation, impulse control, self-efficacy, and social support. The resilience that is formed is caused by several factors. Judging from the subjects' statements, their resilience is formed by internal and external factors such as their inner will to rise from the adversity they have experienced and the support of those closest to them. Apart from that, the subjects experienced different impacts of broken homes, such as reduced parental love, reduced finances, changes in conditions at home, changes in the subject's personality, changes in interest in communicating with parents, and even the desire to commit suicide. From a theological perspective, Muslim teenagers from broken homes are more devious than teenagers from ordinary families because of the absence of theological values in their lives, so religious counseling for Muslim teenagers must be grounded on religious values. Religious counseling can be filled with activities such as instilling monotheistic values, theological or religious values, reading the Koran regularly, listening to lectures on Islamic themes, and reading motivational and Islamic books.
PERANCANGAN STRATEGI UNTUK PT. XYZ
Authors: Adventus Banda Yohanes Patrik , Ria Murhadi Werner
Published: February 2024

Lingkungan bisnis berubah sangat cepat dari waktu ke waktu, sehingga perusahaan harus memikirkan terlebih dahulu strategi apa yang akan diambil untuk mempersiapkan diri menghadapi persaingan yang semakin ketat di masa depan. PT. X merupakan perusahaan manufaktur lem yang mengalami kesulitan dalam merancang manajemen strategis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan strategi yang paling tepat untuk diterapkan oleh perusahaan. Paradigma yang digunakan adalah interpretivisme dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif pada PT. X. Penelitian diawali dengan menelusuri kondisi internal dan eksternal perusahaan kemudian seluruh kemungkinan strategi dihasilkan dengan menggunakan Matriks SWOT dan Matriks Grand Strategy dan dievaluasi dengan QSPM. Strategi pengembangan pasar dipilih sebagai strategi terbaik bagi PT. X. Periode audit internal dan eksternal dibatasi pada periode penelitian, sehingga alternatif strategi yang dihasilkan hanya terbatas pada kondisi yang terjadi pada periode waktu tersebut
The renewed bestseller clause of the copyright act
Authors: Grad-Gyenge Anikó
Published: February 2024

The bestseller clause of the Copyright Act is an older legal institution of Hungarian copyright law. The rule was taken over by Hungarian law from the  German Copyright Act. The bestseller clause provides protection for a creator in a weaker contractual position than the user. It provides effective assistance for the subsequent consideration of unforeseen circumstances at the time of the conclusion of the contract. Its primary purpose is to remedy the post-contractual shift in value using the special means of judicial amendment of the contract.The legal institution of the bestseller clause is a special regulatory solution compared to the provisions of the Civil Code on invalidity. It is a special provision compared to invalidity in the event of a significant difference in value, however, it provides a strong limitation on the legal consequences of invalidity.It only provides an opportunity for the court to amend the contract and eliminate the striking difference in value.The rule has very poor judicial practice, both in Hungary and abroad. The primary reason for this is that the parties apply contractual arrangements that avoid future uncertainties regarding the amount of the royalty.One of the aims of the DSM Directive is to extend the legal opportunities for weaker contracting parties, including the EU-level harmonization of the  bestseller clause. According to Article 20 DSM, Member States shall ensure that in the absence of an applicable collective bargaining agreement providing for a mechanism comparable to that set out in this Article, authors and performers or their representatives are entitled to claim additional, appropriateand fair remuneration from the party with whom they entered into a contract for the exploitation of their rights, or from the successors in title of such party, when the remuneration originally agreed on turns out to be disproportionately low compared to all the subsequent relevant revenues derived from the exploitation of the works or performances. The essay examines the possible effects of the extension of the bestseller clause to new areas in the national copyright law and the relationship between the new provisions and civil law invalidity rules.
Hematology and biochemistry in snakes – literature review
Authors: de Carvalho Marcelo Pires Nogueira , Fernandes Grego Kathleen
Published: February 2024

Snakes tend to hide their clinical symptoms, which makes an antemortem diagnosis challenging. Although clinical pathology in this context is useful, patterns of hematologic reference for snakes are difficult to find and are not as specific as those available for dogs and cats. This should always be taken into account in the hematological analysis. Regarding the red series, evaluated parameters are total erythrocyte count, hematocrit and hemoglobin count. White cell lines are identified, analyzed morphologically and counted. Metabolic disorders of various organs can be diagnosed through biochemical and enzymatic dosages. Hematological information is essential to recognize changes in the profile of sick patients, to identify the types of inflammatory cells in injured tissues and to understand the role of different cells in acute and chronic infections.
Parental Rights to Shape the Model and Curriculum in Public Schools in Poland
Authors: Sobczyk Paweł
Published: February 2024

Parents’ have constitutional rights to raise children in accordance with their self-beliefs and religious beliefs, and thus have an impact on their education. The legislature has created specific mechanisms for the influence of parents on public schools, including a model of education and classes. Unfortunately, the implementation of this right has encountered numerous problems. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the applicable regulations and formulate postulates de lege ferenda.
The Image of the Right to Privacy in Selected Polish Constitutional Court Cases
Authors: Oręziak Bartłomiej
Published: February 2024

This research article aims to present an image of the right to privacy in selected Polish constitutional court cases. The paper starts with a concise introduction indicating the scope of the study, the justification for undertaking the analysis, and the methodology used. As part of the introduction, the current structure of the judiciary in Poland will also be presented. The court cases related to the right to privacy heard by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal will then be presented with a focus on considerations related to the understanding of the concept of the right to privacy, its content, scope, and elements, and the legally justified premises limiting this human right. Such judgments are based on the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This will be done on the basis of three judgments of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal of significant importance to the title issue. As part of these considerations, reference will also be made to numerous other judgments of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, so that the presented discourse has the broadest possible context. The paper ends with a concise summary containing original observations related to the matter being discussed.
Gambaran Konformitas pada Remaja yang Merokok
Authors: Naida Mutiara Sri , Fikrie Fikrie
Published: February 2024

Masa remaja merupakan salah satu periode dari perkembangan manusia yang dimulai sekitar usia 12 tahun dan berakhir pada usia 18 sampai 21 tahun. Aspek fisik psikis dan psikososial adalah perubahan yang terjadi dalam masa perkembangan remaja menuju masa dewasa. Masa remaja memasuki sebuah fase yang penuh dengan tekanan. Dan disitu memepengaruhi pencarian jati diri pada remaja. Menurut data KPAI ditemukan kenakalan remaja 4683 kasus remaja merokok tahun 2022 dan di Kalimantan Selatan terdapat 21,89% pada tahun 2022 menurut BPS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Gambaran konformitas pada remaja yang merokok. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif deskriptif. Skala yang di gunakan skala konformutas, Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan purposive sampling. Dengan jumlah subjel sebanyak 208 remaja. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat gambaran korformitas pada remaja yang merokok.
Cognitive Parameters Influencing Job Satisfaction among School Teachers: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Education, University of Kalyani, W.B., India, Roy Dhani Ram , Bhattacharyya Prof. Dr. Dibyendu ,   Department of Education, University of Kalyani, W.B., India
Published: February 2024

This research paper presents a qualitative exploration of cognitive parameters influencing job satisfaction among school teachers, with a focus on cognitive practice/cognitive exercise, cognitive activity, cognitive evaluation, cognitive planning, cognitive skill, and cognitive strategy. Job satisfaction is a critical factor in teachers' professional well-being and the quality of education they provide to students. Using a qualitative approach, this study employs interviews and focus group discussions to gather data from a diverse sample of school teachers. By exploring teachers' subjective experiences and perspectives, this research aims to uncover the cognitive parameters that significantly impact their job satisfaction. The findings of this research contribute to the existing knowledge on cognitive parameters influencing job satisfaction among school teachers. They provide valuable insights for educators, administrators, and policymakers to design interventions and strategies that promote positive work environments and enhance teachers' job satisfaction. By prioritizing cognitive aspects, such as effective planning, skill development, and strategic thinking, educators can create supportive environments that empower teachers and positively impact their satisfaction and effectiveness. This qualitative exploration highlights the importance of cognitive parameters in influencing job satisfaction among school teachers. By understanding and addressing these cognitive aspects, educators can foster a positive work environment and promote the well-being and professional growth of teachers. Ultimately, this leads to improved educational outcomes for students and a more fulfilling teaching profession.