bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reporting and design elements of audit and feedback interventions: a secondary review
Authors: Colquhoun Heather , Michie Susan , Sales Anne , Ivers Noah , Grimshaw J M , Carroll Kelly , Chalifoux Mathieu , Eva Kevin , Brehaut Jamie
Published: December 2016

Background

Audit and feedback (A&F) is a frequently used intervention aiming to support implementation of research evidence into clinical practice with positive, yet variable, effects. Our understanding of effective A&F has been limited by poor reporting and intervention heterogeneity. Our objective was to describe the extent of these issues.

Methods

Using a secondary review of A&F interventions and a consensus-based process to identify modifiable A&F elements, we examined intervention descriptions in 140 trials of A&F to quantify reporting limitations and describe the interventions.

Results

We identified 17 modifiable A&F intervention elements; 14 were examined to quantify reporting limitations and all 17 were used to describe the interventions. Clear reporting of the elements ranged from 56% to 97% with a median of 89%. There was considerable variation in A&F interventions with 51% for individual providers only, 92% targeting behaviour change and 79% targeting processes of care, 64% performed by the provider group and 81% reporting aggregate patient data.

Conclusions

Our process identified 17 A&F design elements, demonstrated gaps in reporting and helped understand the degree of variation in A&F interventions.
BET 1: Lateral chest radiography and the diagnosis of pneumonia in children
Authors: Audette Louis-David
Published: December 2016

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether a standard frontal view CXR as good as standard frontal and lateral views at diagnosing pneumonia in children with a clinical suspicion of that diagnosis. Three papers presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these papers are tabulated. It is concluded that the addition of a lateral view does not appear to significantly improve the accuracy of pneumonia diagnosis in children by emergency physicians, when compared with frontal view alone.
BET 2: Ice water immersion, other vagal manoeuvres or adenosine for SVT in children
Authors: Campbell Marion , Buitrago Silvia Ruiz
Published: December 2016

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether a vagal manoeuvre was better than or as good as adenosine at safely terminating supraventricular tachycardia in children. Forty unique papers were found in Medline and Embase using the reported searches, of which five were relevant. A hand search of the forty unique citations identified a further nine relevant papers. Thus, 14 papers presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. It is concluded that the evidence on the management of SVT in children is made up of poor-quality retrospective cohort studies or case series. This best evidence shows that ice water to the face appears to be a safe, quick, effective and non-invasive treatment for paediatric SVT. Adenosine also appears safe and effective, but is more invasive. Valsalva and carotid sinus massage are less effective.
Thinking out of theGut: a case of obscure lower GI bleeding
Authors: Koh Frederick H , Chan Hian-Li , Petersson Fredrik , Chong Choon-Seng
Published: December 2016

Clinical presentation

A middle-aged man was admitted for episodes of fresh per-rectal bleeding, which were not associated with defecation. He was recently investigated for macrocytic anaemia in the outpatient haematology clinic. Examination of the perineum revealed grade 1 internal haemorrhoids with no signs of bleeding.

Initial laboratory tests revealed macrocytic anaemia (haemoglobin 10.5 g/dL, normal 12.9–17.0  g/dL; mean corpuscular haemoglobin 95.3 fL, normal 80.0–95.0  fL). Peripheral blood film showing blasts, dysplastic neutrophils, nucleated red blood cells and hypogranular platelets.

The patient underwent a sigmoidoscopy and rubber band ligation of the internal haemorrhoids after persistent fresh per-rectal bleeding. The bleeding persisted with the development of hypotension and a significant drop of haemoglobin to 4.8 g/dL requiring blood transfusions and intensive care monitoring. Repeated endoscopy, including intubation of the terminal ileum, revealed uncomplicated right-sided diverticulosis. CT mesenteric angiography performed during an episode of significant bleeding revealed extravasation of contrast in the ileum, but mesenteric angiography was unsuccessful, possibly due to a temporary cessation of bleeding. Bleeding subsequently recurred and in light of the persistent bleeding with no clear source and with a total of 12 units of packed cell transfused, exploratory laparotomy, on-table enteroscopy (figure 1) with small bowel resection was performed. Histopathological examination of the specimen was performed (figures 2–4).

Figure 1

Multiple ileal lesions with stigmata of recent bleed.

Figure 2

Area of ulceration associated with atypical mononuclear infiltrate.

Figure 3

Atypical mononuclear infiltrate composed of cells with enlarged, irregular nuclei containing variably prominent nucleoli.

Figure 4

Atypical cells displayed cytoplasmic expression of myeloperoxidase.

Question

What is the diagnosis?
Impact of microvascular obstruction on semiautomated techniques for quantifying acute and chronic myocardial infarction by cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Bulluck Heerajnarain , Rosmini Stefania , Abdel-Gadir Amna , Bhuva Anish N , Treibel Thomas A , Fontana Marianna , Weinmann Shane , Sirker Alex , Herrey Anna S , Manisty Charlotte , Moon James C , Hausenloy Derek J
Published: December 2016

Aims

The four most promising semiautomated techniques (5-SD, 6-SD, Otsu and the full width half maximum (FWHM)) were compared in paired acute and follow-up cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), taking into account the impact of microvascular obstruction (MVO) and using automated extracellular volume fraction (ECV) maps for reference. Furthermore, their performances on the acute scan were compared against manual myocardial infarct (MI) size to predict adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling (≥20% increase in end-diastolic volume).

Methods

40 patients with reperfused ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with a paired acute (4±2 days) and follow-up CMR scan (5±2 months) were recruited prospectively. All CMR analysis was performed on CVI42.

Results

Using manual MI size as the reference standard, 6-SD accurately quantified acute (24.9±14.0%LV, p=0.81, no bias) and chronic MI size (17.2±9.7%LV, p=0.88, no bias). The performance of FWHM for acute MI size was affected by the acquisition sequence used. Furthermore, FWHM underestimated chronic MI size in those with previous MVO due to the significantly higher ECV in the MI core on the follow-up scans previously occupied by MVO (82 (75–88)% vs 62 (51–68)%, p<0.001). 5-SD and Otsu were precise but overestimated acute and chronic MI size. All techniques were performed with high diagnostic accuracy and equally well to predict adverse LV remodelling.

Conclusions

6-SD was the most accurate for acute and chronic MI size and should be the preferred semiautomatic technique in randomised controlled trials. However, 5-SD, FWHM and Otsu could also be used when precise MI size quantification may be adequate (eg, observational studies).
The Englert–Brout–Higgs mechanism — An unfinished project
Authors: Cao Tian Yu
Published: December 2016

The conceptual foundation of the Englert–Brout–Higgs (EBH) mechanism (understood as a set of a scalar field’s couplings to a gauge system and a fermion system) is clarified (as being provided by broken symmetry solution of the scalar field and broken symmetry solutions of the gauge and fermion systems induced by the scalar field’s couplings to these systems, which are manifested in massive scalar and vector bosons as a result of reorganizing the physical degrees of freedom in the scalar and gauge sectors, whose original organization renders possible the broken symmetry solution to the scalar sector and symmetrical solutions to the gauge sector); its ontological status, as a physically real mechanism or merely an instrumental device, is examined, and a new ontologically primary entity, the symbiont of scalar–vector moments is suggested to replace the old ontology of scalar field and vector (gauge) field as the physical underpinning for a realistic understanding of the EBH mechanism; with a conclusion that two puzzles, the transmutation of the Goldstone modes’ dynamic identity and the fixity in reorganizing the physical degrees of freedom within the symbiont, have to be properly addressed before a consistent realist understanding of the mechanism can be developed.
Combination Therapy with Continuous Three-in-One Femoral Nerve Block and Periarticular Multimodal Drug Infiltration after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Tetsunaga Tomonori , Tetsunaga Tomoko , Fujiwara Kazuo , Endo Hirosuke , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: December 2016

Background. Various postoperative pain relief modalities, including continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB), local infiltration analgesia (LIA), and combination therapy, have been reported for total knee arthroplasty. However, no studies have compared CFNB with LIA for total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of CFNB versus LIA after THA. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the postoperative outcomes of 93 THA patients (20 men, 73 women; mean age 69.2 years). Patients were divided into three groups according to postoperative analgesic technique: CFNB, LIA, or combined CFNB+LIA. We measured the following postoperative outcome parameters: visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at rest, supplemental analgesia, side effects, mobilization, length of hospital stay, and Harris Hip Score (HHS). Results. The CFNB+LIA group had significantly lower VAS pain scores than the CFNB and LIA groups on postoperative day 1. There were no significant differences among the three groups in use of supplemental analgesia, side effects, mobilization, length of hospital stay, or HHS at 3 months after THA. Conclusions. Although there were no clinically significant differences in outcomes among the three groups, combination therapy with CFNB and LIA provided better pain relief after THA than CFNB or LIA alone, with few side effects.
The Immunological Basis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Silva Francesca A. R. , Rodrigues Bruno L. , Ayrizono Maria de Lourdes S. , Leal Raquel F.
Published: December 2016

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic ailments, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis being the most important. These diseases present an inflammatory profile and they differ according to pathophysiology, the affected area in the gastrointestinal tract, and the depth of the inflammation in the intestinal wall. The immune characteristics of IBD arise from abnormal responses of the innate and adaptive immune system. The number of Th17 cells increases in the peripheral blood of IBD patients, while Treg cells decrease, suggesting that the Th17/Treg proportion plays an important role in the development and maintenance of inflammation. The purpose of this review was to determine the current state of knowledge on the immunological basis of IBD. Many studies have shown the need for further explanation of the development and maintenance of the inflammatory process.
De Garengeot’s Hernia: Two Case Reports with Correct Preoperative Identification of the Vermiform Appendix in the Hernia
Authors: Jin Zhaosheng , Imtiaz Muhammad Rafiz , Nnajiuba Henry , Samlalsingh Suzette , Ojo Akinyede
Published: December 2016

We present two cases of incarcerated de Garengeot’s hernia. This anatomical phenomenon is thought to occur in as few as 0.5% of femoral hernia cases and is a rare cause of acute appendicitis. Risk factors include a long pelvic appendix, abnormal embryological bowel rotation, and a large mobile caecum. In earlier reports operative treatment invariably involves simultaneous appendicectomy and femoral hernia repair. Both patients were correctly diagnosed preoperatively with computed tomography (CT). Both had open femoral hernia repair, one with appendectomy and one with the appendix left in situ. Both patients recovered without complications. Routine diagnostic imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and standard CT have previously shown little success in identifying de Garengeot’s hernia preoperatively. We believe this to be the first documented case of CT with concurrent oral and intravenous contrast being used to confidently and correctly diagnose de Garengeot’s hernia prior to surgery. We hope that this case report adds to the growing literature on this condition, which will ultimately allow for more detailed case-control studies and systematic reviews in order to establish gold-standard diagnostic studies and optimal surgical management in future.
Relationship between the Direction of Ophthalmic Artery Blood Flow and Ocular Microcirculation before and after Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Ishii Masashi , Hayashi Morito , Yagi Fumihiko , Sato Kenichiro , Tomita Goji , Iwabuchi Satoshi
Published: December 2016

When internal carotid artery stenosis is accompanied by ocular ischemic syndrome, intervention is recommended to prevent irreversible visual loss. In this study, we used laser speckle flowgraphy to measure the ocular microcirculation in the optic nerve head before and after carotid artery stenting (CAS) of 40 advanced internal carotid stenosis lesions from 37 patients. The aim was to investigate the relationship between ocular microcirculation and the direction of ophthalmic artery blood flow obtained by angiography. We found that there was a significant increase in blood flow after CAS (P=0.003). Peak systolic velocity as an indicator of the rate of stenosis was also significantly higher in the group with retrograde/undetected flow of the ophthalmic artery than in the group with antegrade flow (P=0.002). In all cases where retrograde flow of the ophthalmic artery was observed before stenting, the flow changed to antegrade after stenting. Through the use of laser speckle flowgraphy, this study found that CAS can improve ocular microcirculation. Furthermore, while patients displaying retrograde flow of the ophthalmic artery before stenting have a poor prognosis, CAS corrected the flow to antegrade, suggesting that visual loss can be prevented by improving the ocular microcirculation.
Partial Nephrectomy for a Massive Sporadic Renal Angiomyolipoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Albersheim-Carter Jacob , Klein Molly , Murugan Paari , Weight Christopher J.
Published: December 2016

Introduction.Angiomyolipomas are the most common benign tumor of the kidney, associated with Tuberous Sclerosis in 20% of cases and arising sporadically in 80% of cases. Renal angiomyolipomas are neoplasms of mesenchymal origin with varying proportions of vasculature, smooth muscle spindle cells, and adipocytes, making management of such neoplasms a challenging endeavor. Possible management options include partial or radical nephrectomy and segmental renal artery embolization.Case Presentation.A 61-year-old woman admitted for a large retroperitoneal hemorrhage was discovered to have a giant, sporadic, 3818.3 g, 30.0 × 26.5 × 18.0 cm left perinephric angiomyolipoma. Given her hemodynamic instability upon presentation, she underwent segmental arterial embolization, followed by an open left partial nephrectomy. Ten-month follow-up revealed no noticeable loss of renal function.Discussion.Literature review revealed occasional renal angiomyolipomas of comparable size, with all angiomyolipomas larger than this requiring treatment with radical nephrectomy.Conclusion.We show that nephron-sparing surgery may be considered in the treatment of even the largest of renal angiomyolipomas.
Influence of In Utero Maternal and Neonate Factors on Cord Blood Leukocyte Telomere Length: Clues to the Racial Disparity in Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Weber Kari A. , Heaphy Christopher M. , Rohrmann Sabine , Gonzalez Beverly , Bienstock Jessica L. , Agurs-Collins Tanya , Platz Elizabeth A. , Meeker Alan K.
Published: December 2016

Background. Modifiable factors in adulthood that explain the racial disparity in prostate cancer have not been identified. Because racial differences in utero that may account for this disparity are understudied, we investigated the association of maternal and neonate factors with cord blood telomere length, as a cumulative marker of cell proliferation and oxidative damage, by race. Further, we evaluated whether cord blood telomere length differs by race. Methods. We measured venous umbilical cord blood leukocyte relative telomere length by qPCR in 38 black and 38 white full-term male neonates. Using linear regression, we estimated geometric mean relative telomere length and tested for differences by race. Results. Black mothers were younger and had higher parity and black neonates had lower birth and placental weights. These factors were not associated with relative telomere length, even after adjusting for or stratifying by race. Relative telomere length in black (2.72) and white (2.73) neonates did not differ, even after adjusting for maternal or neonate factors (all p>0.9). Conclusions. Maternal and neonate factors were not associated with cord blood telomere length, and telomere length did not differ by race. These findings suggest that telomere length at birth does not explain the prostate cancer racial disparity.
Compact Antenna with Frequency Reconfigurability for GPS/LTE/WWAN Mobile Handset Applications
Authors: Yang Lingsheng , Cheng Biyu , Zhu Yongan , Li Yajie
Published: December 2016

A compact frequency reconfigurable antenna for mobile handset application is proposed in this paper. The antenna consists of an inverted L-shaped feeding strip, a shorter grounded strip, and a longer grounded strip which is connected with four inductors by using a single-pole four-throw RF switch. When we change the working states of the RF switch, the corresponding inductor is connected with the long grounded strip and different resonant modes of the antenna can be realized. The measured −6 dB impedance bandwidth of the presented antenna is 683–960 MHz and 1460–2820 MHz, which is able to cover the LTE700/GSM850/900 and GPS/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500 bands. The antenna gain, radiation efficiency, and radiation patterns are also described in the paper.
Asymptotic Expansion of the Solutions to Time-Space Fractional Kuramoto-Sivashinsky Equations
Authors: Yin Weishi , Xu Fei , Zhang Weipeng , Gao Yixian
Published: December 2016

This paper is devoted to finding the asymptotic expansion of solutions to fractional partial differential equations with initial conditions. A new method, the residual power series method, is proposed for time-space fractional partial differential equations, where the fractional integral and derivative are described in the sense of Riemann-Liouville integral and Caputo derivative. We apply the method to the linear and nonlinear time-space fractional Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation with initial value and obtain asymptotic expansion of the solutions, which demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of the method.
The Humoral Theory of Transplantation: Epitope Analysis and the Pathogenicity of HLA Antibodies
Authors: Filippone Edward J. , Farber John L.
Published: December 2016

Central to the humoral theory of transplantation is production of antibodies by the recipient against mismatched HLA antigens in the donor organ. Not all mismatches result in antibody production, however, and not all antibodies are pathogenic. Serologic HLA matching has been the standard for solid organ allocation algorithms in current use. Antibodies do not recognize whole HLA molecules but rather polymorphic residues on the surface, called epitopes, which may be shared by multiple serologic HLA antigens. Data are accumulating that epitope analysis may be a better way to determine organ compatibility as well as the potential immunogenicity of given HLA mismatches. Determination of the pathogenicity of alloantibodies is evolving. Potential features include antibody strength (as assessed by antibody titer or, more commonly and inappropriately, mean fluorescence intensity) and ability to fix complement (in vitroby C1q or C3d assay or by IgG subclass analysis). Technical issues with the use of solid phase assays are also of prime importance, such as denaturation of HLA antigens and manufacturing and laboratory variability. Questions and controversies remain, and here we review new relevant data.
Do Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties of Orthodontic NiTi Wires Remain Stable In Vivo?
Authors: Sarul Michał , Rutkowska-Gorczyca Małgorzata , Detyna Jerzy , Zięty Anna , Kawala Maciej , Antoszewska-Smith Joanna
Published: December 2016

Introduction and Aim.Exceptional properties of the NiTi archwires may be jeopardized by the oral cavity; thus its long-term effect on the mechanical and physiochemical properties of NiTi archwires was the aim of work.Material and Methods. Study group comprised sixty 0.016×0.022 NiTi archwires from the same manufacturer evaluated (group A) after the first 12 weeks of orthodontic treatment. 30 mm long pieces cut off from each wire prior to insertion formed the control group B. Obeying the strict rules of randomization, all samples were subjected to microscopic evaluation and nanoindentation test.Results.Both groups displayed substantial presence of nonmetallic inclusions. Heterogeneity of the structure and its alteration after usage were found in groups B and A, respectively.Conclusions.Long-term, reliable prediction of biomechanics of NiTi wires in vivo is impossible, especially new archwires from the same vendor display different physiochemical properties. Moreover, manufacturers have to decrease contamination in the production process in order to minimize risk of mutual negative influence of nickel-titanium archwires and oral environment.
Pulmonary Nodule Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Li Wei , Cao Peng , Zhao Dazhe , Wang Junbo
Published: December 2016

Computer aided detection (CAD) systems can assist radiologists by offering a second opinion on early diagnosis of lung cancer. Classification and feature representation play critical roles in false-positive reduction (FPR) in lung nodule CAD. We design a deep convolutional neural networks method for nodule classification, which has an advantage of autolearning representation and strong generalization ability. A specified network structure for nodule images is proposed to solve the recognition of three types of nodules, that is, solid, semisolid, and ground glass opacity (GGO). Deep convolutional neural networks are trained by 62,492 regions-of-interest (ROIs) samples including 40,772 nodules and 21,720 nonnodules from the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) database. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of sensitivity and overall accuracy and that it consistently outperforms the competing methods.
Accuracy of Multiple Pour Cast from Various Elastomer Impression Methods
Authors: Haralur Satheesh B. , Saad Toman Majed , Ali Al-Shahrani Abdullah , Ali Al-Qarni Abdullah
Published: December 2016

The accurate duplicate cast obtained from a single impression reduces the profession clinical time, patient inconvenience, and extra material cost. The stainless steel working cast model assembly consisting of two abutments and one pontic area was fabricated. Two sets of six each custom aluminum trays were fabricated, with five mm spacer and two mm spacer. The impression methods evaluated during the study were additional silicone putty reline (two steps), heavy-light body (one step), monophase (one step), and polyether (one step). Type IV gypsum casts were poured at the interval of one hour, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. The resultant cast was measured with traveling microscope for the comparative dimensional accuracy. The data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance test at significance level <0.05. The die obtained from two-step putty reline impression techniques had the percentage of variation for the height −0.36 to −0.97%, while diameter was increased by 0.40–0.90%. The values for one-step heavy-light body impression dies, additional silicone monophase impressions, and polyether were −0.73 to −1.21%, −1.34%, and −1.46% for the height and 0.50–0.80%, 1.20%, and −1.30% for the width, respectively.
Extended Macroscopic Study of Dilute Gas Flow within a Microcavity
Authors: Hssikou Mohamed , Baliti Jamal , Alaoui Mohammed
Published: December 2016

The behaviour of monatomic and dilute gas is studied in the slip and early transition regimes using the extended macroscopic theory. The gas is confined within a two-dimensional microcavity where the longitudinal sides are in the opposite motion with constant velocity ±Uw. The microcavity walls are kept at the uniform and reference temperature T0. Thus, the gas flow is transported only by the shear stress induced by the motion of upper and lower walls. From the macroscopic point of view, the regularized 13-moment equations of Grad, R13, are solved numerically. The macroscopic gas proprieties are studied for different values of the so-called Knudsen number (Kn), which gives the gas-rarefaction degree. The results are compared with those obtained using the classical continuum theory of Navier-Stokes and Fourier (NSF).
Feedback Control of Flow Separation Using Plasma Actuator and FBG Sensor
Authors: Segawa Takehiko , Suzuki Daiki , Fujino Takayasu , Jukes Timothy , Matsunuma Takayuki
Published: December 2016

A feedback control system for mitigating flow separation was developed by using a string-type dielectric-barrier-discharge (DBD) plasma actuator and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. Tangential jets were induced from the string-type DBD plasma actuator, which was located at 5% chord from the leading edge of an NACA0024 airfoil. The FBG sensor was attached to the interior surface near the root of the cantilever beam modeled on the pressure surface of the airfoil. The strain at the cantilever root was reflected in the form of Bragg wavelengths (λB) detected by the FBG sensor when the cantilever tip was vibrated by the flow near the trailing edge of the airfoil. It was found that calculating running standard deviations in the Bragg wavelength (λB′) detected by the sensor was valuable for judging flow separation in real time. The feedback control of flow separation on the NACA0024 airfoil was successfully demonstrated by setting λB′=0.0028 with periodic flow separations generated in a wind tunnel by oscillating a side wall of the test section with frequency fw=0.42 Hz. It was confirmed that the appearance probability of flow separation tends to decrease with a decrease in the duration for calculating λB′ and with an increase in the duration of jet injection.
Clinical Profile and Comorbidity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder among Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Observation in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Hafizur Rahman , Mullick Mohammad S. I. , Arafat S. M. Yasir
Published: December 2016

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common disorder characterised by persistent and unwanted intrusive thoughts, images, and urges and repetitive behaviours or mental acts and can cause pervasive impairments. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of OCD among children is 2% which is higher than in previous reporting. This study was aimed at looking into the type, frequency, and severity of symptoms of OCD and comorbidity among children and adolescents. A consecutive 60 OCD cases from a child mental health service with age range of 5–18 years were recruited and divided into below and above 12 years of age group. The assessment was carried out using standardized Bangla version of Development and Wellbeing Assessment and Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was administered. Of the obsession, contamination was the highest followed by doubt, and of the compulsion, washing/cleaning was the highest followed by checking, repeating, and ordering rituals. More than half of the subjects had severe OCD and comorbidity was present in 58% subjects. Specific phobia, social phobia, major depressive disorder, and tic disorder were more prevalent. These symptoms and comorbidity profile can serve the baseline data for a country like Bangladesh and further large scale study would better generalize the study results.
Change Narratives That Elude Quantification: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of How People with Chronic Pain Perceive Pain Rehabilitation
Authors: Wideman Timothy H. , Boom Alice , Dell’Elce Jennifer , Bergeron Kate , Fugère Janick , Lu Xiangying , Bostick Geoff , Lambert Heather C.
Published: December 2016

Chronic pain negatively impacts health, well-being, and social participation. Effective rehabilitation often hinges on long-term changes in pain-related perceptions and behaviors. However, there are important gaps in understanding how patients perceive these changes. The present pilot study addresses this gap by using qualitative and quantitative methodologies to explore how patients perceive and experience changes in function, participation, and pain-related factors following a chronic pain rehabilitation program. A mixed-method design was used in which the core method was qualitative. Descriptive quantitative data was used to further characterize the sample. Semistructured interviews were conducted 1–6 months following treatment completion. Questionnaires were administered before and after treatment and at follow-up. Interview data was analyzed thematically. Participants’ individual descriptive data was compared to established cut-scores and criteria for change. A major theme of personal growth emerged in the qualitative analysis. Participants also discussed the factors that facilitated personal growth and the ongoing challenges to this growth. The quantitative data revealed limited improvement on measures of pain, disability, catastrophizing, and depression. These findings suggest that, despite limited improvement on treatment-related questionnaires, patients can experience an important and enduring sense of personal growth. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Dual-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells and an Indirect Vaccine Eradicate a Variety of Large Solid Tumors in an Immunocompetent, Self-antigen Setting
Authors: Slaney Clare Y. , von Scheidt Bianca , Davenport Alexander J. , Beavis Paul A. , Westwood Jennifer A. , Mardiana Sherly , Tscharke David C. , Ellis Sarah , Prince H. Miles , Trapani Joseph A. , Johnstone Ricky W. , Smyth Mark J. , Teng Michele W. , Ali Aesha , Yu Zhiya , Rosenberg Steven A. , Restifo Nicholas P. , Neeson Paul , Darcy Phillip K. , Kershaw Michael H.
Published: December 2016

Purpose: While adoptive transfer of T cells bearing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) can eliminate substantial burdens of some leukemias, the ultimate challenge remains the eradication of large solid tumors for most cancers. We aimed to develop an immunotherapy approach effective against large tumors in an immunocompetent, self-antigen preclinical mouse model.

Experimental Design: In this study, we generated dual-specific T cells expressing both a CAR specific for Her2 and a TCR specific for the melanocyte protein (gp100). We used a regimen of adoptive cell transfer incorporating vaccination (ACTIV), with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing gp100, to treat a range of tumors including orthotopic breast tumors and large liver tumors.

Results: ACTIV therapy induced durable complete remission of a variety of Her2+ tumors, some in excess of 150 mm2, in immunocompetent mice expressing Her2 in normal tissues, including the breast and brain. Vaccinia virus induced extensive proliferation of T cells, leading to massive infiltration of T cells into tumors. Durable tumor responses required the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and exogenous IL2, but were independent of IFNγ. Mice were resistant to tumor rechallenge, indicating immune memory involving epitope spreading. Evidence of limited neurologic toxicity was observed, associated with infiltration of cerebellum by T cells, but was only transient.

Conclusions: This study supports a view that it is possible to design a highly effective combination immunotherapy for solid cancers, with acceptable transient toxicity, even when the target antigen is also expressed in vital tissues. Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2478–90. ©2016 AACR.
Early BMI Gain and Later Height Growth Predicts Higher DHEAS Concentrations in 7-Year-Old Chilean Children
Authors: Mericq Verónica , Pereira Ana , Uauy Ricardo , Corvalán Camila
Published: December 2016

Background: Accelerated weight and height gain in infancy have been associated with premature adrenarche. However, the exact tempo of these events remains undefined. Thus, our goal was to assess the relationship between early BMI and height growth in different periods before 7 years of age and plasma DHEAS levels at 7 years of age. Methods: This is a longitudinal follow-up of participants of the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study (GOCS) that represents Chilean children from low- to middle-income families. The subjects were 972 children (48% girls) with birth weights of 2,500-4,500 g for whom serial weight and height measurements from birth until 7 years were available. At 7 years of age, we also measured DHEAS, IGF-I, leptin, insulin, and other metabolic markers in serum. The main outcome of interest was plasma DHEAS concentrations at 7 years of age. Results: At 7 years of age, children with DHEAS >75th percentile of the sample were taller and fatter and presented higher HOMA-IR and IGF-I than their counterparts (p < 0.05). Children with higher DHEAS were heavier at 4 years of age and beyond compared to their counterparts (higher BMI [BMI SDS at 4 years: 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.29 vs. 0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.91, p < 0.001]) and taller at 7 years of age (height SDS at 7 years: 0.19, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.31 vs. -0.001, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.06, p < 0.005). Conclusions: We observed weight and BMI from 2 to 4 years, and height gains from 4 to 7 years were associated with higher DHEAS levels at 7 years.
Descontinuidades indigenistas e espaços vividos dos Guarani
Authors: Amoroso Marta
Published: December 2016

Os aldeamentos indígenas do império (1845-1889) constituem uma instigante descontinuidade na série de registros da política indigenista colonial e da ação missionária cristã: antecederam a elaboração da Lei de Terras (1850) e instituíram, por meio do programa de Catequese e Civilização dos índios, um regime de governo pautado pela tutela do Estado e por uma nova definição de seu território. Fruto de uma política indigenista paradoxal, os aldeamentos indígenas dispuseram os índios ao convívio com colonos nacionais e estrangeiros. Neste artigo, busca-se acompanhar a mobilidade e a forma de uso do território dos aldeamentos pelos Guarani. Propomos que as dinâmicas — assim como o padrão de uso do território dos aldeamentos pelos Guarani — presentes nas inscrições missionárias possam ser melhor qualificadas quando em aproximação com registros etnográficos contemporâneos, atentos aos elementos culturais que orientam a ocupação das terras pelos Guarani da região do sudoeste de São Paulo e oeste do Paraná. O que os historiadores apreendem como os vestígios esquálidos da missão capuchinha do século XIX — o mosteiro e o cruzeiro —, nas narrativas guarani pontilham uma cartografia de lugares vividos pelos parentes, a topografia sendo uma referência de relações.
O território, visto por outros olhos
Authors: Sáez Oscar Calavia
Published: December 2016

Em relatos míticos e na praxe dos Yaminawa do Acre — desde há muito tempo caraterizados como “problema” pela sua difícil inserção no sistema territorial indígena que os converte em indesejados moradores da cidade —, procuram-se os traços de uma noção de “território” diferente daquela que aparece no discurso do movimento indígena, e a rigor incompatível com a norma de delimitação e apropriação da terra presente na nossa ordem jurídica. Essa noção é definida como perspectiva e fractal, topológica mais que espacial ou ecológica; nela, são as relações as que criam um “território” em lugar de desenvolver-se nele, e os constantes deslocamentos assinalam não um “nomadismo” — com a prevalência de limites sociais atravessando limites espaciais —, mas o uso das distâncias para a rápida recombinação dos arranjos sociais
Cinco Vidas: travestilidades, gênero, sexualidades e etnicidades no interior da Paraíba
Authors: Tota Martinho
Published: December 2016

Os principais estudos socioantropológicos produzidos no (ou sobre o) contexto brasileiro acerca de lésbicas, gays, travestis e transexuais tiveram como locus paisagens urbanas, metropolitanas, de modo que pouco sabemos sobre como pessoas vivenciam sexualidades e identidades de gênero que divergem da “matriz heterossexual” em espaços outros, como o mundo rural, as pequenas cidades do interior brasileiro ou territórios indígenas. Além disso, no caso específico dos trabalhos realizados sobre a temática travesti, observamos a recorrência da associação entre travestilidade e prostituição. Assim, este artigo objetiva – a partir das histórias de vida de cinco travestis indígenas, habitantes de cidades do interior do estado da Paraíba – fornecer uma contribuição no sentido de agregar outros elementos para os(as) estudiosos(as) da questão travesti, bem como matizar o problema da prostituição através de seus discursos e de suas peculiaridades biográficas.
Turistas estrangeiros e mulheres locais: “mercado do sexo” e romance nas noites da Praia de Iracema em Fortaleza
Authors: Aquino Jania Perla Diógenes de
Published: December 2016

O artigo aborda relações entre turistas estrangeiros e mulheres nativas na Praia de Iracema, em Fortaleza. São apresentadas visões de moradores da orla marítima e bairros vizinhos, cuja percepção dos “encontros” entre “gringos” e jovens locais são estritamente negativas. Por um lado, as mulheres são consideradas “vítimas” dos interesses sexuais dos estrangeiros, por outro são tomadas como “culpadas” por Fortaleza ter se tornado internacionalmente conhecida como polo de prostituição. O texto também analisa narrativas e percepções de garotas de programas atuantes nas noites da Praia de Iracema, que ressaltam experiências positivas proporcionadas por “gringos”, tais como consumo de bebidas e refeições em restaurantes sofisticados, presentes, viagens ao exterior e até mesmo namoros e casamentos. Além de ressaltar a indefinição entre negócio e afeto nos intercâmbios sexuais e afetivos entre garotas de programas e “gringos”, o artigo argumenta que tais relações interferem nas assimetrias e desigualdades sociais locais.
As metamorfoses dos humanos em presas do timbó. Os Suruwaha e a morte por envenenamento
Authors: Aparicio Miguel
Published: December 2016

Os Suruwaha das últimas gerações consolidaram a prática do envenenamento com timbó, até o ponto de constituir a causa mortis dominante neste grupo indígena do vale do rio Purus. Na tentativa de superar as concepções suicidológicas ocidentais, e indo além de explicações de teor exclusivamente sociológico, o artigo propõe uma tradução (Carneiro da Cunha, 1998) que possibilite o acesso ao pensamento nativo sobre morte e transformação. À luz dos regimes de subjetivação suruwaha, e como deriva dos processos xamânicos, os mortos por envenenamento, capturados pela subjetividade não humana do espírito do timbó, vivem uma alteração que os transforma em presas por excelência. Através da prática do envenenamento, os Suruwaha projetam, num mundo transformacional, a sua constituição como humanos em contraste com a dos mortos não humanos, alterados na condição nova de presas do timbó.
Desentendimentos entre parentes: variações da intimidade
Authors: Dainese Graziele
Published: December 2016

Entre os moradores da Terceira Margem (comunidade localizada no estado de Minas Gerais), a possibilidade dos desentendimentos emergirem faz com que se expresse e valorize um saber concernente ao relacionar. Nesse sentido, se destaca a valorização de uma autodisciplina, marcada pela contenção de atitudes e comportamentos e pela modulação constante entre proximidade e distância no contato uns com os outros. Neste texto, apresento como as tensões explícitas e implícitas são vivenciadas nesse contexto de pesquisa, tendo em vista o diálogo com uma perspectiva de análise cujo pressuposto é abordar os conflitos nas tramas que lhes são constitutivas, atentando para os efeitos relacionais criados por esses acontecimentos. A atenção à maneira como o conflito é vivido entre os moradores da Terceira Margem destaca uma dinâmica relacional, que não é necessariamente exclusiva a um contexto e/ou situação, pois seus princípios e processos estão relacionados tanto às instabilidades quanto às estabilidades da existência.
Tecendo o mundo e as origens da vida como a conhecemos: noções de crescimento, fabricação e reprodução nos mitos de origem yukpa
Authors: Halbmayer Ernst
Published: December 2016

Este artigo aborda o sentido da vida entre os Yukpa tal como descrito e verbalizado em seus mitos de origem. Os mitos yukpa transmitem conhecimentos particularmente conceitualizados sobre os processos vitais, em parte concebidos como uma forma de arte que requer grande habilidade,  e sobre as transformações que criam as condições e as formas da vida como a conhecemos. Ao focalizar os processos que criam a vida como ela é conhecida hoje, os processos vitais do crescimento, da fabricação e da reprodução são identificados e diferenciados. Argumenta-se que os processos vitais entre os Yukpa ultrapassam a reprodução biológica e autorreferenciada das diferentes espécies, e também as atividades instrumentais da fabricação.  A vida é conceitualizada seja como uma atividade relacional espacializada e continuamente localizada, seja como transformações metamórficas cíclicas.  Da perspectiva localizada, que consiste em sair ou desaparecer de uma atividade relacional, estão as formas de morrer ou nascer. A vida nesse sentido metamórfico inclui a existência continuada em mundos coexistentes. Um fim definitivo da vida ocorrerá apenas se estas transformações metamórficas e cíclicas chegarem a um termo.
“Se oriente, rapaz!”: Onde ficam os antropólogos em relação a pastores, geneticistas e tantos “outros” na controvérsia sobre as causas da homossexualidade?
Authors: Fry Peter , Carrara Sérgio
Published: December 2016

Neste ensaio abordamos a controvérsia motivada por uma entrevista, nacionalmente veiculada por importante canal de televisão brasileiro. Nela, um eminente pastor pentecostal negava haver qualquer base biológica para o que se referia como homossexualismo, recomendando que “pacientes” homossexuais se convertessem ao heterossexualismo. Diferentes atores sociais do campo religioso (evangélico) e científico (genética/biologia) manifestaram-se então sobre as possíveis causas da homossexualidade. Examinamos a repercussão dessa controvérsia entre antropólogos e ativistas LGBT e revisitamos a clássica oposição, trazida à tona por ela, entre perspectivas essencialistas e construtivistas nos estudos sobre a sexualidade. Sugerimos, finalmente, que o próprio conflito entre tais perspectivas deva ser entendido como parte do problema a ser analisado em futuras  pesquisas antropológicas.
Feature interpretability and the positions of 2nd person possessives in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Pereira Bruna Karla
Published: December 2016

Conceitos como interpretabilidade e valoração de traços-φ (Chomsky, 2001; Pesetsky and Torrego, 2007) têm desempenhado um papel central no estudo dos universais linguísticos. Neste respeito, em português padrão, assim como em outras línguas românicas, os pronomes possessivos carregam traços não interpretáveis de número, que são valorados via concordância nominal. No entanto, certos dialetos do português do Brasil (PB) mostram que o possessivo de 2.a pessoa, principalmente em posição posposta, não concorda em número com o nome. Por exemplo, no dialeto mineiro, um N no singular pode coocorrer com possessivo no plural, que se refere à 2.a pessoa do plural (‘de vocês’). Do mesmo modo, um N no plural pode coocorrer com possessivo no singular, que se refere à 2.a pessoa do singular. Para explicar esses fatos, argumentarei que, nesta gramática, os traços de número no possessivo de 2.a pessoa são (i) traços da pessoa e não do nome e são (ii) interpretáveis. Com base na primeira formulação, prediz-se que ‘seu’ seja o possessivo de 2.a pessoa do singular, e ‘seus’ do plural. Com base na segunda formulação, não se desencadeia concordância em número no possessivo. Além disso, seguindo Danon (2011) e Norris (2014), argumentarei que os cardinais dividem DPs do PB em dois domínios, sendo que os sintagmas situados acima de NumP são marcados com o morfema de plural em concordância nominal, enquanto os situados abaixo de NumP são impedidos de terem esta marca. Assim, pelo fato de o possessivo pré-nominal estar antes do cardinal, ele é obrigatoriamente marcado com o morfema de plural, enquanto o possessivo pós-nominal não tem esta marca. Livre da marca morfológica de concordância nominal, o possessivo pós-nominal de 2.a pessoa favorece a reanálise do ‘-s’ como indicador do número da pessoa.
A Historiografia da Linguística e a retórica dos linguistas: a força das palavras e seu valor histórico
Authors: Batista Ronaldo De Oliveira
Published: December 2016

Este texto tem como objetivo propor uma reflexão teórico-metodológica sobre o uso do que a Historiografia da Linguística denomina como retórica nos estudos que procuram reconstruir com objetivo interpretativo momentos da história dos estudos sobre a linguagem.
A pontuação enunciativa e as instâncias narrativas em textos infantis de diferentes gêneros
Authors: Saleh Pascoalina Bailon de Oliveira
Published: December 2016

Este artigo parte de uma perspectiva interacionista em Aquisição da Linguagem para investigar o uso de sinais de pontuação enunciativos em notícias, relatos de experiência e contos produzidos por uma garota, buscando evidenciar o seu papel na configuração das instâncias narrativas. O corpus é constituído de textos produzidos dos 6 aos 10 anos em ambiente escolar e doméstico e a análise alia o quantitativo ao qualitativo. Os resultados mostram que, ao longo do tempo, em todos os gêneros diversifica-se e intensifica-se o uso desses sinais, com implicações na configuração do narrador e do personagem. Além disso, parte deles indica o retorno da criança sobre o seu dizer, caracterizando uma posição de escuta, que se relaciona à instância autor.