bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Fermented Japanese Papaya (Cindoscolus Aconitifolius) Leaf Flour as an Alternative Feed to Increase the Production and Quality of Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)
Authors: Rejeki I Gusti Ayu Dewi Seri , Arya I Wayan , Suryani Sang Ayu Made Putri
Published: December 2024

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a type of aquaculture commodity that has high economic value as a freshwater consumption fish in the world. Efforts to increase the quantity and quality of commercial feed have an impact on the operational costs of intensive fish farming, namely more than (60-70%) of the total production costs. One effort to overcome dependence on imported feed raw materials is the use of local raw materials. The local raw materials used must have high nutritional value, be non-toxic, relatively cheap, very abundant and not compete with human needs, including Japanese papaya leaves. The use of Japanese papaya leaf flour as a source of carbohydrates and protein in fish feed cannot be done optimally because it contains high levels of fiber and tannin which can bind the minerals needed by fish.
Factors Related to the Level of Compliance with Pulmonary TB Treatment
Authors: Martini Endang , Sarfika Rika , Yuliharnim Siti
Published: December 2024

Disobedience to the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is the most important cause of the bad results of TB treatment, and improving support for  TB patients are priority of main government, however, only  There is little study about the impact of policy on family, social, and national. factor supporter obedience  TB treatment. Study This evaluates obedience treatment in between  TB patients (1). Studies published between 201 6 and 2023 were systematically reviewed through identification in the Research Gate, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included for review. The results of the literature review of the articles carried out can be concluded that the factor related factors​ with level obedience pulmonary TB treatment.
Analytical Simulation of Biocomposite Materials for Toyota Avanza Vehicle Cabin Lamp Light Covers Utilising Pandanus Tectorius Fibres with Epoxy Matrix as a Manufacturing Substitute to Cut Down on Plastic Waste
Authors: Faizin Kholis Nur , Susanto Fredy , Aziz M. Shafwallah Al. , Amin M. Chabib Nur
Published: December 2024

Biocomposites, made from an epoxy matrix and pandan fibre, offer a biodegradable alternative to plastic. Fabricated through manual layer lay-up, the material underwent stress propagation analysis using SolidWorks simulation and automotive testing. Results indicate that failure occurs in pure tension when stress exceeds 60% of the flexural strength (1.2 MPa) due to longitudinal fibre rupture. With a Young's modulus of 2×10¹⁰ N/m², tensile strength of 13.6 MPa, and Poisson's ratio of 0.31, the material exhibited safe performance under loads nearly four times its capacity. The factor of safety, while as low as 0.5 in critical areas, confirms t
Legal Analysis of Victim Negligence at Railway Crossings : a Case Study of Train Accident in Karawang and Government Legal Responsibility in Enhancing Public Safety
Authors: Karunia Karunia , Lestari Megha Ayu , Usnan Amar , Hosnah Asmak Ul
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes the legal implications of victim negligence in railway crossing accidents, focusing on a fatal case in Karawang, West Java. Using normative legal research and qualitative analysis, the study examines the incident's chronology, evaluates victim negligence under Law No. 23 of 2007 on Railways, and assesses government responsibilities. Findings reveal that victim negligence stems from low safety awareness and weak enforcement of safety regulations. Despite existing legal frameworks, implementation remains inadequate. The study highlights the need for stricter law enforcement, public education, and improved safety infrastructure. It emphasizes the government’s role in proactive accident prevention to enhance railway safety and inform policy recommendations.
Optimization and Characterization of Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) of Curcumin with D-Optimal Mixture Design Method
Authors: Kusumawati Mulyaningtyas Ayu , Iswandi Iswandi , Kuncahyo Ilham
Published: December 2024

Curcumin, known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant properties, faces challenges due to poor water solubility and low bioavailability as a BCS class II compound. The study investigates using a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to enhance these properties, optimizing the formulation with the D-Optimal Mixture Design method. Sixteen formulas were prepared using oleic acid, Tween 80, and PEG 400. Each formula was characterized by particle size, % transmittance, emulsification time, and drug loading. The optimized formula, containing 10% oleic acid, 70% Tween 80, and 20% PEG 400, achieved a particle size of 80.167 nm, an emulsification time of 39.36 seconds, near 100% transmittance, and high drug loading.
The Role of Container Security Initiative (CSI) in Improving Supply Chain Security in Indonesia
Authors: Rizkiyani Hasna Moraina , Trismadi Trismadi , Supriyadi Asep Adang
Published: December 2024

The Container Security Initiative (CSI) is a pivotal program in enhancing global supply chain security, particularly in Indonesia. Introduced as a response to terrorist threats post-September 11, 2001, CSI aims to secure international container shipments through pre-screening at ports of origin. This article analyzes CSI implementation in Indonesia, its impact on supply chain security, and its role in bolstering maritime security. CSI has proven effective in mitigating smuggling risks and improving logistical efficiency. The program also fosters international cooperation in addressing transnational threats. Despite challenges such as increased operational costs, CSI contributes significantly to Indonesia's national security and economic stability. Effective CSI implementation has the potential to strengthen Indonesia's position in global trade and enhance resilience against maritime security threats.
The Dividend Trap Score Formulation: a Practical Approach in Dividend Investing
Authors: Taruna Mohammad Sigit , Wahyudi Sugeng , Abdi Muhammad Nuskan
Published: December 2024

Dividends are a key element in investment strategies and are often considered an indicator of a corporate's health and stability. This study aims to develop the Dividend Trap Score (DTS), a quantitative tool for identifying potential dividend traps in stock investments. It distinguishes between Technical and Fundamental Dividend Traps, examining key indicators such as dividend yield ratio, payout ratio, debt levels, and profit trends. Using historical data, the DTS model is tested to assess its accuracy in identifying risky dividend-paying corporates. The findings show that DTS outperforms traditional metrics in evaluating dividend sustainability, offering investors deeper insights and reducing the risk of financial losses. This study contributes to more informed investment strategies by providing a systematic approach to detect dividend-related risks.
The Effect of Digital Marketing, Electronic Word of Mouth, and Lifestyle on Purchasing Decisions (Study on Vegetable Product MSMEs in Kediri Regency)
Authors: Harwida Gleydis , Sudarmiatin  , Wardana Ludi Wishnu
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the influence of digital marketing, eWOM, and lifestyle on purchasing decisions for vegetable products in Kediri Regency.  To measure the influence of digital marketing, eWOM, and lifestyle on purchasing decisions, this research uses a quantitative descriptive approach. It involved a population of MSME consumers of Vegetable Products in Kediri District, with 120 respondents chosen at random. Data is collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using validity, reliability, classical assumption tests, and multiple regression analysis. It took one month to finish this study, which began in August of 2024. The results of the analysis show that Digital Marketing, Electronic Word of Mouth, and Lifestyle significantly influence Purchasing Decisions in MSMEs of vegetable products in Kediri District, with Digital Marketing and eWOM contributing positively.
The Appeal of Apoliticalism at the Intersection of Human Rights and Legal Violations
Authors: Fathurrahman Deri , Riyanta Stanislaus , Rustam Muhammad Reza
Published: December 2024

This research explores the rise of apoliticalism at the intersection of human rights and legal violations in Indonesia. The objective is to examine how factors such as education, access to information, and trust in the political system influence apolitical attitudes and evaluate the legal frameworks governing political participation. The study uses a literature review method, analyzing academic journals, reports, and government data. Results indicate that while apoliticalism aligns with human rights principles, it threatens democratic legitimacy when widespread. The research concludes that balancing individual freedoms with collective responsibility is essential to mitigate the adverse effects of apoliticalism, ensuring both human rights protection and democratic participation.
The Effect of Solvency, Company Size, and Audit Opinion on Audit Delay
Authors: Fawziah Nur , Maharani Lativa , Bahrie Wuri Gustia
Published: December 2024

This study aims to empirically prove the influence of solvency, company size, and audit opinion on audit delays in Consumer Cyclical sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2022 period. In this study, the purposive sampling method was used, where 10 companies met the sample criteria. The data analysis used in this study uses panel data regression analysis while E-views 12 is used for data processing. Based on the results of this study, it shows that solvency has no effect on audit delay, company size has a negative effect on audit delay, and  audit opinion has no effect on audit delay.
The Use of Pig Manure Fertilizer on the Growth, Production, Protein Content, and TDN of Pakchong Grass
Authors: Kaca I Nyoman , Suariani Luh , Suwitari Ni Ketut Etty , Ariawan I Wayan Eka Putra , Wiratama I Made Adi
Published: December 2024

Manure is a fertilizer that comes from a mixture of livestock waste, urine, and leftover livestock feed. Pig manure can be used as fertilizer because it contains Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Solid pig manure contains quite high Nitrogen nutrients of 0.95%, Phosphorus 0.35%, and Potassium 0.40%, so that pig manure is effective as an organic fertilizer that will be beneficial for plant growth. This study aims to see the effect of the use of pig manure fertilizer on the growth, production, nutritional quality and TDN of Pakchong Grass. A Randomized Block Design (RAK) was used with five treatments, namely without the use of pig manure fertilizer (P0), Grass Plants fertilized with 5 tons/ha of pig manure fertilizer (P1), Grass Plants fertilized with 10 tons/ha of pig manure fertilizer (P2), Grass Plants fertilized with 15 tons/ha of pig manure fertilizer (P3), and Grass Plants fertilized with 20 tons/ha of pig manure fertilizer (P4). The results of this study indicate that providing pig manure fertilizer of up to 20 tons/ha can increase the growth, production, quality and TDN of Pakchong Grass.
An Oral Microbiome Perspective: Postbiotics as a Prospective Therapeutic Agents in Dental Medicine (A Short Communication)
Authors: Friyandika Aditya Rediana , Afan Luthfian Ibnu
Published: December 2024

Recently, there has been an increase in interest in the use of microorganisms that are used as a preventive effort to prevent dental and oral health problems, known as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics. As more and more clinical trials of the use of microorganisms show positive results for certain conditions, Postbiotics have several advantages, including safety, longer shelf life, absence of risk and patentability, which makes them more attractive than probiotics. This review covers a wide range of aspects, starting with an introduction, terminology, role of post biotik, and a brief mechanism of action. The discovery section concludes by highlighting the challenges and future directions to improve postbiotic discovery. The review concludes by highlighting the ongoing applications of postbiotics in expanded clinical trials, providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape in postbiotic development
HbA1c and Blood Pressure Correlation in Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gugun Adang Muhammad , Suryanto
Published: December 2024

The primary metabolic symptom of diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia. Analysing HbA1c levels can help determine blood glucose management. Elevations in blood pressure can be caused by abnormalities in the metabolism of glucose.  Patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus may experience elevated blood pressure. To ascertain whether blood pressure and HbA1c levels are correlated in patients with uncontrolled DM. There were 90 subjects aged between 31-65 years consisting of 48 men and 42 women. HbA1c levels were checked using the boronate affinity method and blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer.  Data analysis used the independent difference t-test and Mann-Whitney U test as well as the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of α=0.05. Research subjects had an average HbA1c level of 10 ± 2.08% (7.1-15). Mean systolic blood pressure was 132.75 ± 18.04 mmHg (90-180). The average diastolic blood pressure was 83.28 ± 10.38 mmHg (60-120). Subjects who experienced hypertension were 36.66%. There were no differences in blood pressure between men and women (systolic p=0.70 and diastolic p=0.58). There was no correlation between HbA1c levels and blood pressure (systolic: r=0.022, p=0.81 and diastolic: r=0.022, p=0.81). There was no correlation between duration of DM and blood pressure (systolic: r=.093 and p=0.38 and diastolic: r= -.032 and p=0.76). There was no correlation between HbA1c levels and blood pressure
Analysis of the Factors Influencing Soybean Demand in North Sumatra Province
Authors: Hasibuan Surtan
Published: December 2024

The goal of the food diversification program is to encourage Indonesians to expand their dietary choices beyond rice. This initiative is not meant to replace rice but to shift consumption patterns, promoting the inclusion of a broader range of foods. Indonesia has a wealth of agricultural products, such as soybeans, corn, and potatoes, that can serve as staple foods and support the diversification effort. Given the limited purchasing power of many Indonesians, the program emphasizes food products that are both highly nutritious and relatively affordable for the general population. Legumes, including soybeans, peanuts, winged bean seeds, and koro beans, are commonly used to meet dietary needs. Among these, soybeans are particularly important as a rich source of vegetable protein. The public has increasingly turned to soybean-based products such as tofu, tempeh, soy sauce, and soy milk to boost their intake of plant-based protein. Additionally, soybeans are versatile, serving not only as food for direct consumption but also as ingredients in animal feed for poultry and fish.
Risk Attribute Analysis and Risk of Adherence to Taking Medication for Pulmonary TB Patients at the Jayapura Regency Office
Authors: Hasmi Hasmi , Makaba Sarce
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the Risk Attributes and risks of medication adherence in patients with pulmonary TB. Type of survey research designed by cross sectional. A sample of 81 people was taken using the purposive sampling technique. The results of the study were with the variable value of RA = -21%, RP=1(0.19-5.9), gender RA=18%, PR 1.7(0.9-3.3), education RA=-16%, PR =0.57. Work RA = 19%, RP = 2.12 (0.72-6.22). TB MDR RA =62%, RP=16 (5.2-48.4). Side effects  of RA Drug = 30%, PR = 2.5 (1.2-4.88), History of Comorbidities RA = 61%, PR = 3.6(2.02-6.6), duration of treatment RA = 50% PR = 3.8 (2-7). The variable that contributes the most to medication adherence is MDR TB status.
Analysis of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Patterns in Arafura Waters Using Google Earth Engine (GEE) for Early Detection of Environmental Threats
Authors: Sadewa Annisa Harum , Harsono Gentio , Prihanto Yosef , Haloho Luwis Surani
Published: December 2024

Global warming that is happening today can result in an increase in sea surface temperatures. High sea surface temperatures can potentially disrupt the stability of ecosystems in Arafuru Waters. The waters of Arafuru are located in the south of Papua and border the country of Australia. This study aims to analyze the increase in sea surface temperature in waters using a satellite image processing method with Google Earth Engine (gee) software in a span of one year in 2021. The results obtained in this study are that the sea surface temperature value is around 28-300C which is in the medium category according to the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. In this study, it is expected to be able to deal with environmental threats caused by rising sea surface temperatures, especially marine life.
Implementation of the Child-Friendly City Policy through the Family Learning Center (Puspaga) Program in the City of Surabaya
Authors: Khotimah Aas Nur , Wijayanti Nurrul Fahmi Maulida , Permana Ipik , Lestari Aghnia Dian
Published: December 2024

Children are often vulnerable to violence due to their limited knowledge and physical strength. The family, the environment, and the state must be responsible for the fulfillment of children's rights and child protection. The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability between the Family Learning Center (PUSPAGA) program and beneficiaries, the suitability between the PUSPAGA program and the implementing organization, and the suitability between beneficiaries and implementing organizations in an effort to implement the Child-Friendly City policy in the city of Surabaya through the PUSPAGA program. Through a descriptive qualitative method, this study provides an overview of the implementation of a program. This analysis is based on the indicators of the program implementation suitability model introduced by David C. Korten. The results of this study show that the PUSPAGA program has supported the implementation of the Child-Friendly City policy relatively well, but there are obstacles experienced due to the limitations of professional psychologists at PUSPAGA Balai RW (Rukun Warga) and the participation of the beneficiary community.
Forecasting the Contribution of Renewable Energy to the Indonesian Economy: A Vector Error Correction Model Approach
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Rafenza , Aprilianti Natasya , Fadil Nadila Istima , Wicaksono Ahmad Tibrizi Soni
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the causal relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption, Non-Renewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth. This study uses quantitative methods and analyzes data using a Granger Causality Test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Impulse Response Function (IRF), and Variance Decomposition (VDC). The study was conducted in Indonesia, with data ranging from 1993 to 2022 obtained from the World Bank database and Our World in Data. The results of the study based on the Granger test show that renewable energy has a significantly positive impact on economic growth in Indonesia. According to the VECM test, renewable energy consumption contributes to increasing economic growth as a result of construction and manufacturing sector activities in the development of renewable energy in Indonesia. The government should focus on energy availability, with an emphasis on increasing the production of renewable natural resources.
Literature Review: Analysis of QRIS Implementation as a Digital Payment Tool for MSMEs
Authors: Sundari Sri , Zahra Fatimah , Pratiwi Rizki Inmas , Syamsuddin Syamsuddin
Published: December 2024

Technological developments have penetrated the payment transaction sector. In particular, contactless payment methods have experienced very rapid development. The public has been introduced to a cashless society. In response to this development, Bank Indonesia issued a regulation on the implementation of one QR code that can be used in various payment applications called the Quick Response Indonesian Standard (QRIS). This article is a literature study that describes the implementation of QRIS as a digital payment tool for MSMEs in Indonesia. Through the analysis of relevant documents and literature, the findings of the article show that the implementation of QRIS provides many benefits, such as ease of transactions and transaction recording, practicality and safety from the circulation of counterfeit money. However, there are still several obstacles in its implementation. Therefore, it is hoped that the QRIS program will continue to innovate and optimize services to achieve inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
Development of Ball Tower Model for Learning Top Spin Forehand Strikes in Tennis
Authors: Yambedoan Thadius , Suhartini Bernadeta , Sulistiyono  , Wasa Carolus
Published: December 2024

Learning the forehand topspin stroke is essential for students in the Physical Education and Health program at Musamus University, Merauke, as it underpins advanced tennis skills and performance. This study identifies challenges faced by students in mastering this technique, including unbalanced body positions, difficulties in selecting proper racket grips, and limited access to facilities and tools. The research employed a quantitative developmental approach, collecting data from 23 student respondents through a questionnaire focusing on body positioning, racket grip, technique understanding, and facility availability. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed that 75% of students struggled with unbalanced body positions, 70% lacked preparation, and 50% faced concentration issues. Furthermore, 60% reported confusion with racket grip selection, while 80% cited inadequate facilities as a major barrier. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, such as improved training programs, enhanced resources, and clearer instructional methods, to address these challenges. This research underscores the importance of addressing these obstacles to optimize student learning outcomes in tennis skill acquisition.
Optimising Assessment in Project-Based Learning to Improve the Quality of STEM Learning
Authors: Vika Puji Cahyani  , Achmad Romadin  , Erniyani  , Fahri Anwar  , Mohd Zulfakar Mohd Nawi
Published: December 2024

Project Based Learning is a pedagogical approach that places students at the centre of learning through the completion of real projects, allowing them to integrate theory and practice effectively. This research aims to analyse how systematic and thorough evaluation or assessment can serve as a benchmark for the effectiveness of Project Based Learning-based curriculum. This research is a combination of bibliometric research and Narrative Literature Review. The natural stages of this research are Determination of Purpose and Topic of Review, Search and Selection of Literature Sources, Organisation of Findings, Analysis and Presentation of Findings. The search was conducted specifically on copus indexed articles in 2020-2024 with the help of Publish or Perish software with the keyword ‘project-based learning evaluation’. Systematic and thorough evaluation or assessment can serve as a benchmark for the effectiveness of project-based learning curriculum. There are several solutions in project-based learning assessment including solutions to the need for assessment tools that are able to capture aspects of the process and results in a balanced manner, difficulty in assessing individual contributions in group projects and variations in the quality of projects produced due to differences in abilities and resources
Analysis of Teacher Pedagogical Competencies Using Digital Technology in Learning
Authors: Sakdiah Halimatus , Unaida Ratna , Akbar Ali
Published: December 2024

Current technological developments expect teachers to be able to integrate digital technology into the learning process to improve the effectiveness and quality of education. This study aims to analyze the use of digital technology in learning. This research method is Descriptive and Quantitative use a questionnaire as an instrument. The population of this study was professional teacher education students at Malikussaleh University who were teachers as many 400 people drawn as a random sample. The study results showed that the pedagogical competence of prospective professional teachers was in the very high category in 91.352%, as many 30.83% of respondents chose to use video media as their teaching.
Influence of Knowledge Management on Organizational Performance at SD N Dasan Bengkel Lombok
Authors: Yang Yang , Nuruly Santi
Published: December 2024

The quality of management highly influences the implementation of a particular educational institution, which further determines the success of its goals and outcomes. This research aims to investigate the influences of knowledge management on organizational performance at SDN Dasan Bengkel Lombok. A descriptive qualitative research method was employed, partial observation, interviews, and document analysis were used to collect the data from ten participants, including one principal and nine teachers. This study adopted Miles and Huberman's data analysis techniques commenced with data reduction, data display, and verification to analyze the data. The triangulation technique was employed to examine the validity of the data from the three data collection methods. The results demonstrated that knowledge management influences the performance of SDN Dasan Bengkel Lombok school organization, particularly in the aspects of decision-making, innovation in organization, teachers' abilities as members of the school organization, and students' learning outcomes. All the elements are spelt out in the other part of this study. The researcher recommends principals possess knowledge management skills for their school organization.
The Role of Stakeholders in Land Acquisition for the Construction of the Gatot Subroto Underpass in Medan
Authors: Purba Nurul Narissa , Badaruddin Badaruddin , Kusmanto Heri
Published: December 2024

This research analyzes the role of stakeholders in the land acquisition process for the construction of an underpass on Jalan Gatot Subroto Medan. The construction of this underpass infrastructure aims to reduce congestion and improve accessibility and aesthetics of the city of Medan, especially at the Manhattan Mall intersection in Medan. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method by collecting data through interviews, observation and documentation from various related parties, including the government, land owners, contractors, supervisory consultants and local communities. The research results concluded that there were 18 stakeholders divided into 4 (four) quadrants, namely: subject; key players; other supporters and followers. The resulting conclusion is in the form of a division of roles based on the interest and strength quadrants from Reed's (2009) theory. The success of land acquisition for the construction of the Gatot Subroto Medan underpass is determined by the ability of stakeholders to work together
The Apologizing Utterances of the Characters in “Failure to Launch” Movie
Authors: Padmasari Arumtyas Puspitaning , Simanjuntak Nensy Megawati
Published: December 2024

Communication is essential in expressing the desires of humans, as their lives are intertwined with it. Producing speech acts is what happens when we interact with others. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze qualitative data. The movie "Failure to Launch" is where the data comes from. This study used data collection techniques such as observing, analyzing visuals, and researching in libraries to find literature sources. Based on the findings and analysis, the researcher observed 9 instances of apologizing speech in 6 scenes from the movie "Failure to Launch". The characters in the movie use apology statements to convey their emotions. The emotions depicted include feelings of apology, compassion, remorse (guilt), and condolences.
Strengthening Digital-Based Community Political Literacy in the Prevention of Money Politics in South Bangka Regency
Authors: Annisa Nur Syafitri  , Astika Ummy Athahirah  , Herlina
Published: December 2024

The high number of money politics in 2019 in South Bangka Regency affects the increasing vulnerability of money politics during the 2024 election period. The General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) in the 2019 general election stated that South Bangka Regency is ranked in the top 20 areas prone to money politics and ranks 18th in Indonesia in the 2024 general election and the second highest money politics in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. This study aims to determine the urgency of political literacy in preventing money politics in the South Bangka Regency and to obtain an overview of efforts to strengthen people's political literacy in preventing money politics. This study used Quasi-Qualitative Design (QQD). Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data was processed using triangulation of data collection techniques. The study shows that the political literacy of the community in the prevention of money politics in South Bangka Regency is still very worrying because the lack of public knowledge related to the government structure, low interest in news and political issues, and low public understanding of money politics and its implications for democracy. Therefore, we suggest cooperation between stakeholders, especially in this digital era, is essential in increasing political literacy and preventing money politics
DETERMINATION OF WATERLOGGING ZONES AND THEIR FACTORS USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE MONITORING METHODS AT HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS
Authors: Cherevko Iryna , Kril Tetiana , Bezrodnyi Dmytro , Popov Serhii
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of determining waterlogging zones and their factors using non-destructive monitoring methods on the territory of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra Metropolitan's Garden. The research was carried out using the methods of electrotomography, natural electric field with the use of subsurface sounding radars. The results of electrotomography were interpreted using two- and three-dimensional models. The territory of the Upper Lavra Metropolitan�s Garden is a combination of complex engineering and geological conditions and technogenic development, which creates conditions for the development of dangerous engineering and geological processes and emergency situations. In terms of danger, this area belongs to the unstable sites for the preservation of world heritage historical monuments. The last accident on the water supply networks occurred in October 2022. It caused sinkholes on the surface, increasing the groundwater levels, and significant destruction of the underground structure of historical importance � the Metropolitan�s cellar. The existence of an anomalous cupola of leakage (soils of low resistance) observed in the western and central part of the area was established, which is probably the center of soil massif overwetting as a result of the heating network accident. The analysis of the adapted 3D model based on the results of non-destructive methods of the geological environment state monitoring allowed us to indirectly establish the places of unsatisfactory engineering networks (cold water supply) technical condition, where the waterlogging zone was recorded. The research has confirmed the presence of a man-made water inflow (leakages) from main water supply networks in the right part of all profiles, as a constant source and factor for waterlogging the soil foundations of architectural monuments � Monastery walls, Kushnyka tower, etc.
INSTABILITY CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL FORMATION "AREIAS E ARGILAS DE TAVEIRO" IN THE CONDEIXA AND COIMBRA AREAS (CENTRAL-WESTERN PORTUGAL)
Authors: Neto Beatriz , Andrade Pedro Santarem , Trota Antonio Neves
Published: December 2024

The work aims to characterize the slope instabilities present in the Taveiro Sand and Clay - Areias e Argilas de Taveiro - Formation, which occurs in the municipalities of Condeixa and Coimbra, in central-western Portugal. The Areias e Argilas de Taveiro Formation, of Upper Cretaceous � Campanian - age, is made up of successions of metric layers of red, and brownish or pinkish pelites, interbedded with coarse arkosic sandstones. It has as maximum thickness of about 170 m. A total of 27 slopes with stability problems were counted in both municipalities, 16 in Coimbra and 11 in Condeixa. Several information was collected, as morphometrics, the lithological type, the existence of vegetation, the presence of erosive processes, the probable age of occurrence and the type of instability movement. The characterized slopes correspond entirely to excavation slopes. They vary in length from 18 to 180 meters, in height from 1.5 to 7 meters, and in dip from 31� to near vertical. The type of instability found corresponds mainly to shallow landslides (48.4%), and with a significant number of rotational landslides (29.0%) and earth flows (12.9%). Regarding the possible consequences of instability, most of the situations related to instability movements can reach roads with permanent traffic (81.5% of the slopes).
GENESIS OF THE ERVA Pb�Zn DEPOSIT KAYSERI (YAHYALI): MINERALOGY AND TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY
Authors: Atakoglu Ozer , Yalcin Mustafa Gurhan
Published: December 2024

As nonferrous metals, lead zinc is the most widely used ore after aluminum and copper. Considering the increasing demands in industry, it is understood that a sustainable mine supply is necessary to meet the Pb-Zn. In this context, the geochemical characteristics of the Erva lead zinc deposit in Yahyali (Kayseri) district were tried to be revealed. The study area, Yahyali district, is located in the Southeast of the Central Anatolia Region. The geological unit in which the Erva is located is the Yahyali Munzur Nappe, which tectonically overlies the Feke sequence. In this study, XRF (X Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction Analysis) geochemical analyzes were carried out in order to understand the lead zinc ore metal source. As a result of the XRF analysis, the average ZnO and PbO grade values (in %) were found as follows: 7.85 and 4.33. According to the XRD results, the mineral paragenesis that forms the ore is as follows: Galena, Cerussite, Smithsonite, Quartz, Gypsum, Hematite, Goethite, Anglesite, Kaolinite, Montmorillonite. Mineralization occurring in the region where geologically young formation aged rocks are present is not seen among large karst cavities. Instead, mineralization in the form of geological fillings is observed in the capillary cracks of the carbonates within the Yahyali Munzur Nappe.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK VS. LINEAR REGRESSION FOR MODELING REACTOR OF THE CATALYTIC CRACKING PROCESS
Authors: Doicin Bogdan , Carbureanu Madalina , Popa Cristina Roxana
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the research and results obtained by authors concerning the reactor modeling of the catalytic cracking process using two methods: artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR). This study is structured in four parts. The first part presents the process description, and the existing models in the literature. The second part presents the multiple linear regression method, the reactor model obtained with this method, and the comparison between the output experimental data of the reactor and output variables predicted with the MLR method. The experimental data were taken from a Romanian refinery. The next section describes the steps involved to build the neural network developed by authors for modeling the reactor, and the result of the comparison between the output experimental data of the reactor and output variables predicted with the ANN. The result shows that the neural model developed for the reactor is superior to the statistical model obtained with multiple linear regression.
CONTROL SYSTEM FOR GREENHOUSES USING INDUSTRIAL NETWORKED DEVICES
Authors: Dumitrascu Alexandru
Published: December 2024

The modern monitoring and control systems that are currently used in most fields are based on intelligent algorithms, distributed management systems, and a new generation of communication buses. For the monitoring and control of the processes inside a greenhouse, the use of sophisticated algorithms or complex devices is not required. However, to make the activity more efficient and increase the production of a greenhouse, a proposed solution is to use data management and control system such as PLC and HMI devices, which are interconnected using industrial bus and communication protocol � Profinet and ModbusTCP. The data acquired from the greenhouse are retrieved by means of sensors connected to nodes with wireless transmission. The wireless communication variant proved to be the most efficient, in the greenhouse environment being an increased humidity due to the irrigation process of the plants. Also, the need for space for the plants requires giving up the wires drawn through the greenhouse.
ABOUT THE APPLICABILITY OF ECOLOGICAL FLOW METHODOLOGY FOR PILOT DRAINAGE AREAS IN DANUBE RIVER BASIN DIRECTORATE IN BULGARIA
Authors: Bojilova Elena , Vuchkov Borislav , Rankova Maya , Angelov Plamen , Ivanova Radoslava
Published: December 2024

The research uses monthly water flow in river watersheds within Danube�s river basin � Ogosta, Iskar, Yantra and Rusenski Lom rivers, as pilot basins. The water flow indicators describe river flow regime and hydrological streamflow characteristics. Our article describes the determination of environmental flow limits on surface water abstractions in Bulgaria. Monthly river flow is characterized by annual variability due to climate factors and anthropogenic impacts. Furthermore information from hydrometric stations often cannot be used directly and the important tasks of hydrological research is to transfer information from observed river sections to unobserved ones based on the recorded flows from the monitoring network. During the analysis we established spatial relationships between the river flow indicators and the selected physical parameters describing the basin.
Registered flow data in the river gauging stations are executed for the 1981-2019 study period. The main flow indicators are being calculated. For the selected period, there are complete time series of monthly data for most of the stations in the country, ensuring comparability of the results. The regional regression analysis is applied. Three spatial relationships are obtained for three water seasons: high water season, medium water season and low water season.
The paper is illustrated with maps and graphics of the hydrological zones and regional relationships in the selected river systems. The established relationships give the possibilities to interpolate and extrapolate in reasonable range. The reported results are needed for decision makers at different level.
HYDROLOGICAL DROUGHT FREQUENCY ANALYSIS IN THE YANTRA RIVER DOWNSTREAM
Authors: Dimitrov Yordan
Published: December 2024

Hydrological droughts are formed by different processes, but how strong and heterogeneous they are, leading to different manifestation and characteristics of the droughts. Droughts have no distinct starting date, but different methods gives a course of action that may help to identify dry signals and possible drought conditions for early warning. We choose hydrological drought indices that are applicable for Bulgarian conditions. Using statistical methods, minimum flow, deficits and spatial characteristics can be evaluate, as well as identifying vulnerable river catchments and regions or affected areas and intensity they suffer, or is it a prolonged drought in terms of EU Directive. By doing that evaluation, more effective adaptation and mitigation schemes can be recommend to benefit hydrological drought management and maps creation for highlight regional variations and similarities in low flow regimes, drought hazards, vulnerability, and risk for local communities and stakeholders (for recovery measures). A classification based on these drivers, advances river scientist also. The central region of our investigation is Yantra river basin, especially the lower reaches, north of Veliko Turnovo heights and before flow contribute to Danube.
The Modelling and Analysis of iPWR-Type SMR Core Dynamics: Control Rods, Reactivity Feedback, and Thermal-Hydraulic Effects
Authors: Septawijaya G. , Sukarman S. , Bakhri S. , Subekti M.
Published: December 2024

Development plans for Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) in Indonesia have been widely discussed. One of the planned NPP types is the Small Modular Reactor (SMR). Human resource readiness is an essential aspect to be considered before constructing an NPP. Simulators capable of illustrating core dynamics can be used to educate the public about the processes within a nuclear reactor. Core modeling is a key component in developing an NPP simulator. The neutronic behavior of the reactor core is modeled using point kinetics equations, while the thermal-hydraulic aspect uses Mann’s model. The results indicate that the modeled core can operate up to 160 MWt and other operating parameters at maximum power align well with the SMR reactor design certification data.
Dose Response of Hp(0.07) on TLD-700 and TLD-900 Based Ring Dosimeters to the Sr-90 Exposure
Authors: Jumpeno E. B. , Anggraeni R. , Putri M. Muharani , Barokah S. N. , Adisti F. N.
Published: December 2024

The preparation of radiopharmaceuticals may necessitate close contact with the radioactive source. In this case, high-energy beta-emitting nuclides can cause a high exposure. There are two methods of measuring the dose in the extremities, including using a bracelet and a ring dosimeter. In this study, the response of Hp(0.07) dose in TLD-700 and TLD-900-based ring dosimeters to Sr-90 beta radiation will be compared for parameters of distance, time, and angle of irradiation. The dosimeters were irradiated using Sr-90 at a distance of 5, 7, and 10 cm from the source surface and all of them were subsequently read with TLD Reader. The same type of dosimeters were exposed to Sr-90 for 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days at a distance of 7 cm and read. At a distance of 7 cm, the other dosimeters were irradiated at angles of 30°, 60°, -30°, and -60°, and then read. The study shows that the relationship between the distance of irradiation to Hp(0.07) dose is polynomial with a correlation factor of 1, both for TLD-700 and TLD-900-based ring dosimeters. The dose response at the variation of irradiation time showed linear behavior with correlation coefficients of 0.9942 and 0.9999 for TLD-700 and TLD-900, respectively. The decrease in Hp(0.07) response in TLD-700 reached 14-31 % for the irradiation angle of ±30o and 23-27 % in TLD-900 for the same angle. Meanwhile, the decrease in Hp(0.07) response at the angle of irradiation ±60o reached 48 % for TLD-700 and 66-67 % for TLD-900.
La progresividad de los derechos y el alejamiento del precedente por la Corte Constitucional
Authors: Arcos-Guanoluisa Ana Mariela
Published: December 2024

La investigación aborda el principio de progresividad de los derechos en el contexto jurídico ecuatoriano, particularmente en relación con la capacidad de la Corte Constitucional y jueces de primera instancia para apartarse de precedentes. El problema central es determinar cuándo tal alejamiento afecta o garantiza la progresividad de los derechos, dado que este término podría ser ambiguo o vago, generando incertidumbre. Se busca esclarecer las condiciones bajo las cuales un alejamiento del precedente contribuye positivamente a dicho principio. El objetivo es evaluar cómo debe aplicarse la progresividad de los derechos al modificar precedentes, garantizando la coherencia en el desarrollo de derechos constitucionales. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo-exploratorio, analizando documentos legales y jurisprudencia mediante métodos teóricos y descriptivos. Los resultados subrayan que la progresividad exige que los derechos solo se expandan, no se reduzcan, y que cualquier acción regresiva debe estar debidamente justificada. La investigación identifica que los precedentes constitucionales en Ecuador, aunque vinculantes, pueden ser revisados si se garantiza la progresividad. Se proponen criterios para evaluar si se ha producido una regresión en los derechos. En cuanto a los jueces de primera instancia, deben justificar suficientemente cualquier cambio de precedentes, respetando el principio de igualdad formal. La investigación concluye que cualquier desviación o modificación de precedentes debe justificarse en términos de promover un mayor avance en los derechos, asegurando que cambios en la jurisprudencia no comprometan la estabilidad y continuidad en la protección de las libertades y derechos fundamentales.
Impact of stone density on the total laser time and other surgical outcomes in flexible ureteroscopy
Authors:   MBChB FICMS, Professor, Sulaymaniyah University, Rashid Aso Omer , Mahmood Sarwar Noori ,   MBChB FICMS, Professor, Sulaymaniyah University, Nader Mohammed Ismael ,   MBChB, Board trainee, Sulaymaniyah teaching hospital
Published: December 2024

Background and objectives: Several preoperative factors are assessed for the evaluation of operative time and fragmentation efficacy during retrograde intrarenal surgery. Due to limited energy capabilities, stone density is an important factor contributing to procedural time. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stone density on the total laser time in lithotripsy.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional prospective analysis where fifty-two patients who underwent flexible ureteroscopy using the Cyber Ho 60 holmium laser system (Quanta System) were prospectively analyzed from October 2017 to November 2020 in a cross-sectional study. These patients were divided into groups according to their stone attenuation values (Hounsfield units) and were followed up for 3 months to determine the success of stone clearance.

Results: The mean stone size and density were 14.44 mm and 1043 Hounsfield units, respectively. Furthermore, the mean total laser time was 26.58 minutes, whereas the mean operative time was 41.44 minutes. The total laser time did not significantly differ between stones with attenuation >1000 and those with attenuation <1000 (p = 0.486). Stones measuring >13 mm in size required considerably longer lasering time than their smaller counterparts (p = 0.008).

Conclusion: In the era of rapid laser technology and instrumental developments, our findings suggest that stone density has no value on the outcomes of flexible ureterorenoscopy, including the total lasering time, stone-free rate, and overall complications. In contrast, stone size significantly influences the total laser time and stone-free rate.