bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-perceived pain levels following irrigation with various concentrations ofsodium hypochlorite solution and gels: A systematic review of randomized clinical studies
Authors: Altuhafy Maryam , Askar Ghida , Jabr Luay , Zega Zegar , Khan Junad
Published: April 2024

Background:Sodium hypochlorite, a prevalent root canal irrigation solution, valued for its antibacterial properties and tissue-dissolving abilities, varies in concentration (0.5% to 8.25%). However, its efficacy across formulations awaits systematic evaluation.Aim:Toevaluate self-perceived post-operative pain levels in a 5.25% concentration of NaOCl in gel or solution form. Materials and Methods:An unrestricted search of indexed databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane) and a manual search were performed up to April 2023. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared a solution form of 5.25% NaOCl to other solution concentrations, whereas 2 RCTs compared a gel form of 5.25% NaOCl concentration to 5.25 % NaOCl solution form. The risk of Bias (RoB) assessment was conducted using the Cochrane tool.Results: A total of 5 RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Four RCTs used the visual analog scale (VAS), whereas 1 RCT used the numeric rating scale (NRS) to assess post-operative pain. Three RCTs had a moderate Risk of Bias (RoB), whereas 1 had a low and 1 had a high RoB.Conclusion:Based on the current evidence the concentration of NaOCl used during irrigation did not have any effect on the post-operative pain developed regardless of the use of a gel or solution forms. Future randomized studies with standardized protocols are needed to further investigate the efficacy of NaOCl concentration on postoperative pain in endodontic treatment
Questões abertas do federalismo brasileiro : entrevista com Fernando Rezende
Authors: Rezende Fernando
Published: April 2024

Entrevista sobre Questões abertas do federalismo brasileiro.
Meio ambiente e a (re)produção das desigualdades sociais nas metrópoles brasileiras
Authors: Hargreaves-Westenberger Laurita , Funari Armando Palermo
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo aborda os processos e as dinâmicas que contribuem para a apropriação desigual dos espaços urbanos no Brasil como característica indissociável do processo conjugado de industrialização-urbanização. Isso se mostra como um aspecto importante para compreender as relações entre a ocupação das metrópoles e a sua dinâmica de classes, marcada por contundentes desigualdades sociais que impactam sobremaneira a vida das populações metropolitanas, configurando uma dimensão crucial para análise das heterogeneidades no território.
A Metrópole digital : para a crítica da economia política das tecnologias de informação e comunicação
Authors: Faustino Raphael Brito
Published: April 2024

Neste capítulo, pretende-se discutir os processos de transformação digital contemporâneos, aplicados à gestão e ao desenvolvimento urbano, caracterizados pela introdução das discussões sobre cidades inteligentes. Este capítulo sugere a necessidade de haver um olhar integrado entre os trabalhos desenvolvidos no campo da comunicação, área que tradicionalmente discute o tema das TICs, e os estudos urbanos.
Passado e futuro das regiões metropolitanas brasileiras : a gênese da questão metropolitana, as redefinições no período democrático e os desafios atuais para o planejamento urbano-metropolitano
Authors: Marguti Bárbara Oliveira , Krause Cleandro
Published: April 2024

O capítulo aborda a emergência da questão metropolitana no Brasil, destacando que o interesse do poder central surgiu no final dos anos 1960 devido ao potencial de instabilidade social nas grandes cidades. Antes da criação das primeiras regiões metropolitanas (RMs) por lei federal em 1973, houve importantes antecedentes, como a criação do Departamento de Estudos Metropolitanos pelo IBGE em 1963 e iniciativas de planejamento urbano financiadas pelo Serviço Federal de Habitação e Urbanismo desde 1966. Os estados e municípios também começaram a delimitar áreas metropolitanas, como exemplificado pela Prefeitura de Porto Alegre em 1967. A institucionalização metropolitana progrediu com a criação de entidades metropolitanas, como o Grupo Executivo da Grande São Paulo (Gegran) em 1967. O capítulo analisa duas fases da governança metropolitana: uma tecnoburocrática centralista durante o regime militar e uma neolocalista competitiva após a redemocratização. A redemocratização, especialmente a Constituição Federal de 1988, trouxe desafios para a governança metropolitana, ainda enfrentados atualmente. O texto se estrutura em seções que exploram o planejamento econômico subjacente à criação das RMs, a atuação do governo federal e dos instrumentos de governança, o papel das entidades metropolitanas, os efeitos da redemocratização e questões atuais e futuras das RMs brasileiras. A entrevista com Jorge Guilherme Francisconi inspirou e contribuiu significativamente para o capítulo, fornecendo insights sobre a gênese e os primeiros desafios da questão metropolitana no país.
A Questão metropolitana brasileira : entrevista com Luiz Cesar de Queiroz Ribeiro
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Cesar de Queiroz
Published: April 2024

Entrevista com Luiz Cesar de Queiroz Ribeiro sobre a questão metropolitana brasileira.
As Metrópoles brasileiras : a incontornável reforma urbana
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Cesar de Queiroz , Azevedo Sérgio de , Rodrigues Juciano Martins
Published: April 2024

O texto aborda a situação das metrópoles brasileiras, comparando-as à hipótese da "Marcha da Insensatez" proposta pela historiadora Bárbara W. Tuchman. Essa marcha da insensatez refere-se à adoção de políticas contrárias aos próprios interesses, levando a decisões desastrosas. Tuchman identifica quatro razões para essa insensatez: tirania, ambição desmedida, incompetência e a própria insensatez, manifestada por decisões equivocadas ou falta de ação diante de problemas percebidos. O texto sugere que as elites econômicas e políticas brasileiras demonstram cegueira em relação aos desafios enfrentados pelas metrópoles, incapazes de mobilizar-se para aproveitar seu potencial enquanto evitam potenciais desastres sociais e ambientais.
O Papel dos estados no impasse da questão metropolitana no Brasil
Authors: Silva Gerardo
Published: April 2024

O capítulo busca compreender a multiplicação das Regiões Metropolitanas (RMs) e o papel dos estados nesse contexto. Além das brechas no Estatuto da Metrópole, são explorados outros fatores que dificultam o comprometimento dos estados com soluções mais eficazes para o problema metropolitano. Dividido em cinco seções, o texto aborda a anomalia das metrópoles na ordem federalista, a relação entre estados e municípios após a Constituição de 1988, o vínculo dos estados com a questão metropolitana e outros aspectos relevantes para entender o impasse metropolitano no Brasil.
Projetos de infraestrutura financiados pelo BNDES para os entes da administração pública direta : características e externalidades
Authors: Botelho Davi , De Negri João Alberto
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo tem como objetivo apresentar os projetos de infraestrutura operacionalizados pelo BNDES que são voltados a atender a estados e municípios e, então, iniciar uma discussão acerca das externalidades, ou seja, dos impactos indiretos causados por esses financiamentos.
Empresas candidatas a financiamento do BNDES
Authors: Furtado Bernardo Alves , Mattos Ludmilla , Morais Rafael
Published: April 2024

Apresenta uma estimativa de classificação de empresas brasileiras que não receberam financiamentos do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES), mas que seriam candidatas em potencial. A classificação é feita por meio de um exercício de aprendizado de máquina, a partir das bases de dados das empresas brasileiras – disponibilizadas na Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (Rais) – e das informações de financiamentos concedidos pelo BNDES. Os resultados incluem as características das empresas mais bem classificadas em relação ao conjunto total de empresas e àquelas não classificadas.
Utilizando aprendizado de máquina para estimação do spread das instituições financeiras nos empréstimos do BNDES
Authors: Alves Patrick Franco , De Negri João Alberto , Cavalcante Eric Jardim
Published: April 2024

Neste contexto, este capítulo utilizou o aprendizado de máquina para predizer o spread bancário das instituições financeiras intermediadoras dos empréstimos do BNDES. Para isso, fez uso da métrica de importâncias das características (features importances) com o intuito de identificar os principais fatores determinantes desse spread.
Prospective Teachers Views on the Impact of Competitive Educational Practices on Students
Authors: URAL Ayhan
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine “prospective teachers’ perspectives on the impact of competitive practices in formal basic education on students”. Bearing a descriptive qualitative nature, this research utilizes the phenomenology design among qualitative research methods. The research study group consists of 205 fourth-year students attending Gazi University, Gazi Faculty of Education during the 2021-2022 academic year spring semester. The study's data were collected through an interview form created by the researcher. The research data were analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis method, grouped by observation frequency and percentage distributions, and interpreted based on the relevant literature. According to the study's findings, prospective teachers believe that competitive practices in education negatively affect students in terms of stress, blame, tension, hostility, ruthlessness, anxiety, pressure, exclusion, and violence. Ending such practices to protect students from the negative impacts of competitive practices in formal basic education can be recommended. Additionally, awareness among prospective teachers and teachers can be supported by including courses or topics related to competitive educational philosophy in teacher training and in-service training curricula.
How Should Multicultural Education Be According to Preschool Teachers
Authors: YÖRÜKO Melike , ÖZEL Özge , DALGAR Gül
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study is to reveal preschool teachers’ views on how multicultural education should be presented/implemented in preschool education The study was organized in a multiple case study design from qualitative research methods. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and four preschool teachers with at least one student from different cultures were included in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. The findings are given under the themes of curriculum, teacher characteristics in multicultural environments, family involvement, learning environment and evaluation according to preschool teachers. The findings revealed that children from different cultures have deficiencies in language development and social-emotional development. In addition, it was emphasized that the personality traits of a preschool teacher in a multicultural education environment should be impartial, unprejudiced, and inquisitive. Finally, the study demostrated the significance of families’ active involvement in the process, the requirement for organizing learner centers according to the needs and the value of individualizing student evalutions.
Optical- and UV-continuum Morphologies of Compact Radio Source Hosts
Authors: Duggal C. , O’Dea C. P. , Baum S. A. , Labiano A. , Tadhunter C. , Worrall D. M. , Morganti R. , Tremblay G. R. , Dicken D.
Published: April 2024

We present the first systematic search for UV signatures from radio source-driven active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback in Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS) radio galaxies. Owing to their characteristic sub-galactic jets (1–20 kpc projected linear sizes), CSS hosts are excellent laboratories for probing galaxy scale feedback via jet-triggered star formation. The sample consists of seven powerful CSS galaxies, and two galaxies host to radio sources >20 kpc as the control, at low to intermediate redshifts (z < 0.6). Our new Hubble Space Telescope images show extended UV continuum emission in six out of seven CSS galaxies, with five CSS hosts exhibiting UV knots cospatial and aligned along the radio-jet axis. Young (≲ 10 Myr), massive (≳ 5 M
⊙) stellar populations are likely to be the dominant source of the blue excess emission in radio galaxies at these redshifts. Hence, the radio-aligned UV regions could be attributed to jet-induced starbursts. Lower near-UV star formation rates compared to other indicators suggest low scattered AGN light contribution to the observed UV. Dust attenuation of UV emission appears unlikely from high internal extinction correction estimates in most sources. Comparison with evolutionary synthesis models shows that our observations are consistent with recent (∼1−8 Myr old) star-forming activity likely triggered by current or an earlier episode of radio emission, or by a confined radio source that has frustrated growth, due to a dense environment. While follow-up spectroscopic and polarized light observations are needed to constrain the activity-related components in the observed UV, the detection of jet-induced star formation is a confirmation of an important prediction of the jet feedback paradigm.
Primordial Black Holes in Scalar Field Inflation Coupled to the Gauss–Bonnet Term with Fractional Power-law Potentials
Authors: Ashrafzadeh Ali , Karami Kayoomars
Published: April 2024

In this study, we investigate the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) in a scalar field inflationary model coupled to the Gauss–Bonnet term with fractional power-law potentials. The coupling function enhances the curvature perturbations, then results in the generation of PBHs and detectable secondary gravitational waves (GWs). We identify three separate sets of parameters for the potential functions of the form ϕ
1/3, ϕ
2/5, and ϕ
2/3. By adjusting the model parameters, we decelerate the inflaton during the ultra-slow-roll phase and enhance curvature perturbations. Our calculations predict the formation of PBHs with masses of

O
(
10
)

M

⊙

, which are compatible with LIGO-Virgo observational data. Additionally, we find PBHs with masses around

O
(

10

−
6

)

M

⊙

and

O
(

10

−
5

)

M

⊙

, which can explain ultra-short-timescale microlensing events in OGLE data. Furthermore, our proposed mechanism could lead to the formation of PBHs in mass scales around

O
(

10

−
14

)

M

⊙

and

O
(

10

−
13

)

M

⊙

, contributing to approximately 99% of the dark matter in the Universe. We also study the production of secondary GWs in our model. In all cases of the model, the density parameter of secondary GWs

Ω

GW

0

exhibits peaks that intersect the sensitivity curves of GW detectors, providing a means to verify our findings using data of these detectors. Our numerical results demonstrate a power-law behavior for the spectra of

Ω

GW

0

with respect to frequency, given by

Ω

GW

0

(
f
)
∼
(
f

/

f

c

)

n

. Additionally, in the infrared regime where f ≪ f

c
, the power index takes a log-dependent form, specifically

n
=
3
−
2

/

ln
(

f

c

/

f
)

.
Testing EMRI Models for Quasi-periodic Eruptions with 3.5 yr of Monitoring eRO-QPE1
Authors: Chakraborty Joheen , Arcodia Riccardo , Kara Erin , Miniutti Giovanni , Giustini Margherita , Tetarenko Alexandra J. , Rhodes Lauren , Franchini Alessia , Bonetti Matteo , Burdge Kevin B. , Goodwin Adelle J. , Maccarone Thomas J. , Merloni Andrea , Ponti Gabriele , Remillard Ronald A. , Saxton Richard D.
Published: April 2024

Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are luminous X-ray outbursts recurring on hour timescales, observed from the nuclei of a growing handful of nearby low-mass galaxies. Their physical origin is still debated, and usually modeled as (a) accretion disk instabilities or (b) interaction of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) with a lower mass companion in an extreme mass-ratio inspiral (EMRI). EMRI models can be tested with several predictions related to the short- and long-term behavior of QPEs. In this study, we report on the ongoing 3.5 yr NICER and XMM-Newton monitoring campaign of eRO-QPE1, which is known to exhibit erratic QPEs that have been challenging for the simplest EMRI models to explain. We report (1) complex, non-monotonic evolution in the long-term trends of QPE energy output and inferred emitting area; (2) the disappearance of the QPEs (within NICER detectability) in 2023 October, and then the reappearance by 2024 January at a luminosity of ∼100× fainter (and temperature of ∼3× cooler) than the initial discovery; (3) radio non-detections with MeerKAT and Very Large Array observations partly contemporaneous with our NICER campaign (though not during outbursts); and (4) the presence of a possible ∼6 day modulation of the QPE timing residuals, which aligns with the expected nodal precession timescale of the underlying accretion disk. Our results tentatively support EMRI–disk collision models powering the QPEs, and we demonstrate that the timing modulation of QPEs may be used to jointly constrain the SMBH spin and disk density profile.
Generalized Coronal Loop Scaling Laws and Their Implication for Turbulence in Solar Active Region Loops
Authors: Dai Y. , Xiang J. J. , Ding M. D.
Published: April 2024

Recent coronal loop modeling has emphasized the importance of combining both Coulomb collisions and turbulent scattering to characterize field-aligned thermal conduction, which invokes a hybrid loop model. In this work, we generalize the hybrid model by incorporating a nonuniform heating and cross section that are both formulated by a power-law function of temperature. Based on the hybrid model solutions, we construct scaling laws that relate loop-top temperature (T

a
) and heating rate (H

a
) to other loop parameters. It is found that the loop-top properties for turbulent loops are additionally power-law functions of the turbulent mean free path (λ

T
), with the functional forms varying from situation to situation, depending on the specification of the heating and/or areal parameters. More importantly, both a sufficiently footpoint-concentrated heating and a cross-sectional expansion with height can effectively weaken (strengthen) the negative (positive) power-law dependence of T

a
(H

a
) on λ

T
. The reason lies in a notable reduction of heat flux by footpoint heating and/or cross-sectional expansion in the turbulence-dominated coronal part, where turbulent scattering introduces a much weaker dependence of the conduction coefficient on temperature. In this region, therefore, the reduction of the heat flux predominately relies on a backward flattening of the temperature gradient. Through numerical modeling that incorporates more realistic conditions, this scenario is further consolidated. Our results have important implications for solar active region (AR) loops. With the factors of nonuniform heating and cross section taken into account, AR loops can bear relatively stronger turbulence while still keeping a physically reasonable temperature for nonflaring loops.
Egg shape and size in Phaneropterinae and other Tettigonioidea (Orthoptera, Ensifera): A global review with new data
Authors: Heller Klaus-Gerhard , Hemp Claudia
Published: April 2024

Tettigonioids typically deposit their eggs within the substrate, whether in the soil or in plants. Consequently, these eggs often exhibit a rounded shape with a relatively smooth surface. Despite this, various studies have consistently demonstrated that egg shape is a stable characteristic within species, differing between distinct groups. However, to date, no comprehensive comparative analysis has been conducted, even though regional studies have suggested that the eggs of Phaneropterinae differ from all others. In this study, we present data on the length, width, and height of 352 species and subspecies, including measurements for 158 species that were newly assessed. Our findings substantiate the claim that the eggs of the Phaneropterinae subfamily can be distinguished by their flattened shape. Based on this important and diagnostic characteristic, we advocate for the re-transfer of the genus Brinckiella into Meconematinae. We propose a hypothesis suggesting that the evolution of the flattened egg shape in Phaneropterinae may have conferred advantages during the adhesive process of attaching eggs to plants—an assumed ancestral method of oviposition in this subfamily. Subsequently, these flat eggs found their way onto leaves or into the ground. While some other subfamilies exhibit eggs conforming to the basic tettigonioid shape, they showcase distinct features (e.g., Pseudophyllinae, Mecopodinae). We anticipate that future investigations into the lesser-explored Meconematinae, focusing on the small eggs and the oviposition behavior within this subfamily, will yield intriguing insights.
Multiplicity of the large periodic solutions to a super-linear wave equation with general variable coefficient
Authors: Han Xiao , Wei Hui
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we were concerned with the multiplicity of the large periodic solutions to a super-linear wave equation with a general variable coefficient. In general, the variable coefficient $ \rho(\cdot) $ needs to be satisfied $ \text{ess inf}\, \eta_\rho(\cdot) > 0 $ with $ \eta_\rho(\cdot) = \frac{1}{2}\frac{\rho''}{\rho}-\frac{1}{4}\big(\frac{\rho'}{\rho}\big)^2 $. Especially, the case $ \eta_\rho(\cdot) = 0 $ is presented as an open problem in [Trans. Amer. Math. 349: 2015-2048, 1997]. Here, without any restrictions on $ \eta_{\rho}(\cdot) $, we established the multiplicity of large periodic solutions for the Dirichlet-Neumann boundary condition and Dirichlet-Robin boundary condition when the period $ T = 2\pi\frac{2a-1}{b} $ with $ a, b \in \mathbb{N}^+ $. The key ingredient of the proof is the combination of the variational method and an approximation argument. Since the sign of $ \eta_\rho(\cdot) $ can change, our results can be applied to the classical wave equation.
The coefficient multipliers on $ H^2 $ and $ \mathcal{D}^2 $ with Hyers–Ulam stability
Authors: Wang Chun
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we investigated the Hyers–Ulam stability of the coefficient multipliers on the Hardy space $ H^2 $ and the Dirichlet space $ \mathcal{D}^2 $. We also investigated the Hyers–Ulam stability of the coefficient multipliers between Dirichlet and Hardy spaces. We provided the necessary and sufficient conditions for the coefficient multipliers to have Hyers–Ulam stability on Hardy space $ H^2 $, on Dirichlet space $ \mathcal{D}^2 $, and between Dirichlet and Hardy spaces. We also showed that the best constant of Hyers–Ulam stability exists under different circumstances. Moreover, some illustrative examples were discussed.
Role of parental age in newborn telomere length prolongation
Authors: Farrukh Sadia , Baig Saeeda , Sani Aliya Irshad
Published: April 2024

Telomere length, a marker of biological aging, can be altered by parental telomere genetics. In this study, we aimed to find an association between parental age and newborn telomere length (TL) and deterioration patterns in parents and newborns. This was a cross-sectional study on 204 parent–newborn pairs from September 2021 to July 2022. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure the telomere length (T/S ratio). A correlation and linear regression were used for the association between newborn TL and parental age. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.185, p = 0.007) between the fathers' age and newborn TL. However, regression analysis highlighted an association between the mother's as well as the father's age and newborn TL (B = 0.032, 0.04; p = 0.09, 0.009). The old-age mothers (35.1–40 years old) had newborn girls with longer TL; however, old-age fathers (35.1–45 years old) had boys with longer TL (1.94 ± 0.72, 2.48 ± 1.22) (p = 0.23). Therefore, longer telomere length was seen in newborns of older parents. Moreover, parental age, especially the father's age, showed an association with newborns' telomere genetics.
Extraction of amaranth seed oil using subcritical butane and use of the generated cake for protein extraction
Authors: Rivas-Torrico P.A. , Luján-Pérez M.L.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research was to determine the technical feasibility of extracting amaranth seed oil with butane in a subcritical state and to take advantage of the cake generated. To this end, a type of non-germinated grain was characterized, oil was extracted from a germinated grain and the characterized one, the oil obtained was characterized, and the protein was extracted from the defatted cake of the non-germinated one. It was found that the non-germinated grain was made up of 13.33% protein, 7.24% fat, and 9.02% moisture, the optimum yield of this grain was 91%, for the germinated grain, a maximum value of 6.63% for oil mass. By comparing the characteristics of both oils, higher quality was found in the non-germinated oil, and the maximum protein extraction productivity was 5.15%. Thus, it has been concluded that this extraction method is technically feasible.
Falar e coordenar-se
Authors: Barbosa Eduarda Calado
Published: April 2024

O paradigma informacional da comunicação estipula que agentes usam a fala para transmitir informação não-redundante a outros agentes. Se olharmos para a fala auto-direcionada e, em particular, para a fala privada, no entanto, nos deparamos com um claro contraexemplo: nela, os papéis de falante e ouvinte coincidem no mesmo agente. Meu objetivo aqui será, então, somar-me aos esforços de buscar um paradigma alternativo que explique a fala privada, em seus vários usos, intrapessoais e intersubjetivos. Para isso, considero dois candidatos: o paradigma disposicional e o deôntico, segundo os quais a fala serve, respectivamente, para gerar disposições e para negociar compromissos em ações coordenadas. Ao comparar os méritos de ambos, mostro que o segundo é preferível por conseguir explicar usos da fala privada com função fática mais facilmente que o primeiro. Tais usos evidenciam que a comunicação também pode voltar-se para aspectos de sua própria infraestrutura e da ação-entre-participantes. Lamentavelmente, eles vêm sendo negligenciados na literatura filosófica, embora pareçam ser peça-chave de qualquer resposta completa à pergunta “Por que falamos?”.
Caminar en el vacío
Authors: Prósperi Germán Osvaldo
Published: April 2024

En este artículo me propongo mostrar que el Péri Archôn de Damascio representa, más allá de las intenciones del autor, la implosión de la metafísica neoplatónica y, al mismo tiempo, el intento más riguroso pero también más desgarrador por mantenerla a flote y asegurar la fundamentación ordenada de la realidad. En este sentido, toda la obra está animada por un doble movimiento: por un lado, la postulación de un Absoluto incoordinado (lo Inefable); por el otro, la postulación en última instancia de algún tipo de coordinación con el Todo. Sostendré, valiéndome de una comparación con algunas tesis de E. Lévinas, que el peligro que ha entrevisto Damascio, con una conciencia mucho más acentuada que sus predecesores, es que la postulación de lo Inefable, en tanto absolutamente incoordinado e irrelativo, conduce a la desfundamentación radical del Ser. Ante este peligro, Damascio se ha visto obligado a retroceder y a relativizar de algún modo a lo Inefable.
Algorithmic injustice and human rights
Authors: Coitinho Denis , Silva André Luiz Olivier da
Published: April 2024

The central goal of this paper is to investigate the injustices that can occur with the use of new technologies, especially Artificial Intelligence (AI), focusing on the issues concerning respect to human rights and the protection of victims and the most vulnerable. We aim to study the impacts of AI in daily life and the possible threats to human dignity imposed by it, such as discrimination based on prejudices, identity-oriented stereotypes, and unequal access to health services. We characterize such cases as algorithmic injustices. In the final part of the text, we propose some strategies to confront this specific type of injustice.
Logic and foundations of artificial intelligence and society's reactions to maximize benefits and mitigate harm
Authors: Kaufman Dora
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence is a general-purpose technology (GPT), term given to technologies that shape an entire era and reorient innovations by reconfiguring the economy’s logic and functioning and bringing in new business models. AI offers unprecedented opportunities and risks. The benefits of AI are extraordinary, as are its potential harms. Potential damage does not have the same degree of problematization, since the intensity and extent of the damage varies according to the domain and the object of application. To address the scale of this challenge, regulation is necessary but not sufficient. Standards, unwritten codes of compliance and arbitration procedures, supervision and auditability, AI governance, international agreements, compliance with current local and global standards and laws. All of this needs to be integrated. Society seems to have no alternative to facing the challenges of at least mitigating the damage already identified and trying to predict future damage in advance. The purpose of this article is to encourage reflection regarding the main initiatives that are available to society to protect its citizens and organizations from the potential harm caused by AI models, vis-à-vis the technology’s own limits to act in ethical and legal compliance.
IA para além de uma nova moda acadêmica
Authors: Mariano Vilaça Murilo , Lopes Pederneira Isabella , Ferro Mariza
Published: April 2024

A Inteligência Artificial (AI) é a mais nova hype tecnológica. Embora envolva grande diversidade de tecnologias, uma imagem genérica, superpoderosa, fortemente negativa e, no limite, distópica da IA tem sido disseminada, especialmente por obras de ficção científica. Recentemente, sobretudo após o lançamento do ChatGPT, houve uma explosão de publicações jornalísticas e acadêmicas, que, em parte, reforçam esse imaginário. Nas abordagens acadêmicas, os riscos seguem em destaque e, inclusive, cenários apocalípticos relacionados à AI são levados em consideração. A preocupação ética, então, assume um sentido eminentemente negativo e os possíveis benefícios das AIs, muito mais realistas, são subfocalizados. Neste artigo, destacamos a importância de ir além da hype, desenvolvendo abordagens multi/interdisciplinares, delimitadas, realistas e ponderadas. Recorrendo à inteligência coletiva expressa na interação entre pesquisadores de três áreas (ciência da computação, linguística e filosofia), abordamos uma ferramenta de tradução automática (Machine Translation) gratuita: Google Translate. Nosso objetivo é mostrar que abordagens bem delimitadas, multidisciplinares, tecnicamente respaldadas e que não adotem o discurso sensacionalista nos conduzem a reflexões epistemicamente mais consistentes e crítico-normativas mais ponderadas, o que seria fundamental para o avanço do debate sobre AI.
Achieving Sustainability Through Green Technology
Authors: Verma Jyoti , Sharma Yashna
Published: April 2024

Green technology is a game-changing strategy to solve urgent environmental issues while fostering economic and social well-being. This chapter dives into the vital role green technology plays in addressing the pressing need for sustainability at the national and international levels. The chapter emphasizes how many top businesses support ecological solutions, and how countries are increasingly seeing sustainability as a top concern. Additionally, it emphasizes how green technologies have a beneficial impact on a variety of industries and how they have the potential to lead global sustainability activities. The study showed the positive impact of green technologies in different fields. It will focus on applications, and success stories while emphasizing the beneficial effects of green technology across various industries. This chapter opens the path for a greater comprehension of sustainable technologies' crucial role in building a more sustainable future by focusing on their fundamental necessity.
Green IoT for Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Smart Cities
Authors: Roy Piyal , Ghosh Shivnath , Podder Amitava , Paul Subrata
Published: April 2024

The concept of smart cities, powered by internet of things (IoT) technologies, has gained attraction in recent years as a means to address urban challenges and create sustainable urban environments. However, with the growing concern about environmental issues, there is a need to explore how IoT can be leveraged to make smart cities more eco-friendly and sustainable. This book chapter proposes to delve into the topic of green IoT for eco-friendly and sustainable smart cities by examining the role of IoT in enabling sustainable practices in various aspects of urban life, including energy management, waste management, transportation, and urban planning. The chapter will also highlight the challenges and opportunities of using IoT for sustainable smart cities and discuss potential solutions and best practices for building green IoT systems in urban environments.
Adoption of Green Cloud Computing for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Raghav Yogita Yashveer , Pandey Pallavi
Published: April 2024

Individuals worldwide are increasingly embracing new technology, dedicating more time to portable devices, and contributing to high energy consumption and carbon emissions in the IT industry. Green cloud computing aims to optimize energy efficiency, promote renewable energy sources, and implement eco-friendly practices in cloud computing infrastructure. By prioritizing energy conservation and sustainable production, it plays a vital role in mitigating environmental challenges. This chapter analyzes factors impacting energy consumption in cloud computing, emphasizing power efficiency and energy-efficient mechanisms in data centers. It also highlights the role of cloud users in achieving sustainable cloud computing and emphasizes the importance of energy-performance. Authors have proposed steps to reduce carbon emissions in data centers and conserve power at home. Adopting green cloud computing practices contributes to protecting the environment and advancing sustainable development goals through advanced technologies.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Design and Manufacturing of Green and Flexible Electronics
Authors: Kumar Singh Manish , Lata Anamika
Published: April 2024

This chapter explores the integration of AI and ML techniques in the design and manufacturing of green and flexible electronics. It emphasizes the significance of these technologies for sustainable development and discusses the challenges and opportunities they present. The chapter provides an overview of AI and ML algorithms applicable to the field, including materials selection, intelligent manufacturing, energy efficiency prediction, and design optimization. Case studies highlight successful applications of AI and ML in green and flexible electronics. Overall, this chapter demonstrates how AI and ML contribute to the sustainability, efficiency, and performance of electronic devices, including AI-assisted materials selection, intelligent manufacturing processes, predictive modeling for energy efficiency, and optimization of flexible electronic designs using machine learning. It demonstrates the effectiveness of AI and ML in achieving sustainable development in the field of green and flexible electronics.
Smart Applications Based on IoT
Authors: Ahmed Elmustafa Sayed Ali , Bakhit Abdolsamed A. , Saeed Rashid A.
Published: April 2024

The internet of things (IoT) has recently received a lot of attention, and it is an appealing technology that allows for the inclusion of intelligence in many applications by allowing communication between things, machines, and all things with people. It enables the exchange of environmental information with people via systems and software in a variety of human-related issues. IoT offers intelligent solutions to various issues such as smart energy, network monitoring, transportation, and waste management. The processes for processing enormous amounts of data, storage, and resource and energy management are the most significant problems. However, future IoT developments promise to provide many applications that are more complicated and intelligent than the usage of artificial intelligence approaches. In this chapter, we'll give a brief overview of IoT technologies, explore how they're used in different contexts, and explain why it's a good and promising technology. Additionally, we will examine a number of potential IoT applications while taking into account the difficulties they will encounter and upcoming trends.
A Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Improved Cloud and IoT Security
Authors: Kalinaki Kassim , Shafik Wasswa , Masha Magezi , Alli Adam A.
Published: April 2024

The current surge in interconnected devices, which includes the Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the continually expanding cloud infrastructure, marks a new era of digital transformation and convenience. This transformative wave is reshaping industries, ushering in the age of smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and effortless remote collaboration. Yet, the growing complexity and reach of these technologies bring an accompanying increase in potential vulnerabilities and security risks. Thus, this study delves into the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and IoT security. It investigates how these state-of-the-art technologies can be leveraged to protect networks, data, and devices, presenting inventive solutions to address the ever-evolving threat landscape. Additionally, it sheds light on the challenges posed by AI-powered techniques and offers insights into future trends, making it a valuable resource for researchers, students, and cybersecurity professionals.
Recent Developments of Semantic Web
Authors: Suriyan Kannadhasan , Nagarajan R. , Chandramohan K. , Prabhu R.
Published: April 2024

Sharing data and facts rather than the content of a website is what the semantic web is all about. Sir Tim Berners-Lee proposed the semantic web concept in 2001. The semantic web assists in the development of a technological stack that supports a “web of data” rather of a “web of documents.” The ultimate goal of the web of data is to provide computers the ability to do more meaningful jobs and to create systems that can enable trustworthy network connections. Different data interchange formats (e.g. Turtle, RDF/XML, N3, NTriples), query languages (SPARQL, DL query), ontologies, and notations (e.g. RDF Schema and Web Ontology Language (OWL)) are all used in semantic web technologies (SWTs) to provide a formal description of entities and correspondences within a given knowledge domain. These technologies are useful in accomplishing the semantic web's ultimate goal. Linked data is at the core of the semantic web since it allows for large-scale data integration and reasoning. SPARQL, RDF, OWL, and SKOS are among the technologies that have made linked data more powerful; however, there are many difficulties that have been detailed in different publications.
Development of Artificial Intelligence of Things and Cloud Computing Environments Through Semantic Web Control Models
Authors: Revathi B. , Hamsa S. , Shaik Nazeer , Satpathy Susanta Kumar , Hari  , Myilsamy Sureshkumar
Published: April 2024

This chapter delves into the integration of artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) with cloud computing environments, facilitated by semantic web control models. It explores how leveraging semantic technologies can enhance the interoperability, intelligence, and efficiency of AIoT systems within cloud infrastructures. The chapter begins by elucidating the foundational concepts of AIoT, cloud computing, and the Semantic Web. It then discusses the challenges associated with integrating AIoT devices and cloud platforms, such as data heterogeneity, interoperability issues, and security concerns. Next, it presents various semantic web control models and their applicability in AIoT-cloud integration, including ontology-based reasoning, knowledge representation, and semantic interoperability standards. Furthermore, the chapter analyzes case studies and practical implementations showcasing the benefits of employing Semantic Web control models in AIoT-cloud environments. Lastly, it outlines future research directions and potential advancements in this burgeoning field.
Analyzing the Efficacy of Machine Learning Algorithms on Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Yamgar Swanand Arun , N. G. Bhuvaneswari Amma
Published: April 2024

Internet security has been a problem for businesses around the world. Encryption, authentication, and virtual private networks have been used to safeguard the network infrastructure and communications over the whole process of data protection. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are an advancement in network security that safeguards organizational data. System detecting intrusions into computer networks is known as IDS. Throughout their life, information cannot be guaranteed to be secured. An IDS's task is to find if there is any danger or security breach. The IDS identifies deliberate attempts by authorized users or by third parties to take advantage of security flaws as well as actual abuse. In this study, the authors used classifiers such as decision trees, support vector machines, Naive Bayes, random forests, and logistic regression. The authors also used machine learning algorithms to calculate accuracy, precision, recall, and false positives. They can conclude that this model suggested decision trees with the highest accuracy of 82.3%.
AI and Its Application in Criminal Investigation
Authors: Ramos Armando
Published: April 2024

There are several problems with the use of AI within the scope of criminal law, which the authors will not address in order not to escape the core of this chapter, but which are essentially related to how to criminalize actions carried out by computer software. Is the aforementioned software eradicated, as a “capital punishment”, repairing the evil it committed or could its creator be held criminally liable for the acts that resulted from its creation? Therefore, the authors analyze the use of AI in criminal investigation and the possibilities offered by its use in the analysis and detection of profiles in organized crime, such as in the prevention and investigation of terrorist events, among other situations.
Machine Learning
Authors: Bejjar Mohamed Ali , Siala Yosr
Published: April 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of machine learning on the specific domains of financial accounting and management accounting. By tracing the historical evolution, conceptually delineating key parameters, and systematizing various modalities of machine learning, the investigation highlights the notable advancements it engenders in financial management. The study underscores the central role of machine learning in automating processes, optimizing decision-making, and generating innovative analytical perspectives, while identifying ethical concerns inherent in its implementation, such as algorithmic transparency and data preservation. This research is based on a literature review approach using a descriptive analytical method. In conclusion, machine learning emerges as a significant driver of progress in the accounting domain, redefining professional standards and necessitating ethical management to fully capitalize on its benefits while minimizing potential risks.
The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on the Accounting Profession
Authors: Abdulhay Dima Saeed
Published: April 2024

This chapter examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is affecting the accounting sector with a particular emphasis on Lebanon. It examines the significant shifts that brought about information and communications technology (ICT)-based technologies and automation, in addition to the historical changes in accounting. The combination of AI awareness and accounting automation has resulted in a significant revolution in the industry, which has boosted AI-powered accounting education. The chapter suggests ongoing AI advancements as well as proactive cooperation between accountants and accounting companies in order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of accounting procedures. AI can cut expenses and free up accountants' time so they may focus on making decisions using analytics and data. However, the Middle Eastern accounting sector is confronted with a number of potential risks, such as the loss of jobs, the spread of artificial intelligence in the sector, the decline in human bias, the impact on accounting education, and the recurrence of past accounting mishaps.
Digitalisation in Accounting
Authors: Arslan Muhammad
Published: April 2024

This chapter synthesises and critically reviews the existing research on digitalisation in accounting, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology (BT). Drawing on a systematic literature review, the author of this chapter attempts to identify the risks and opportunities associated with the development and use of digitalisation in the accounting profession. In this chapter, the author used Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases as sources for article collection. The author collected a sample of 160 articles from 2010 to 2023 through keyword searches. He employed a thematic analysis and identified six themes (i.e., creativity and openness; strategic partnership; smart contract; information governance, transparency, and trust; social, economic, and regulatory issues; and audit practices). The findings of this chapter are consistent with the theory of disruptive innovation. The findings reveal that AI and BT are disruptive technologies that will evolve over the years and, hence, disrupt and transform the business landscape.
Digitalisation, Audit Quality, and Corporate Governance in the Swedish Context
Authors: Abir Hichri
Published: April 2024

This research aims to study the effect of the digitalisation of companies on audit quality and corporate governance in a sample of 150 Swedish companies from 2017-2022. The authors collected the data from the database of annual reports and reference documents available on the companies' websites. The results show that the digitalisation of companies has a positive and significant effect on audit quality. Similarly, the authors have demonstrated that the digitalisation of companies positively impacts corporate governance. In this sense, an effective digitalisation strategy will likely increase the quality of information and governance mechanisms.
Diversification, Ownership Structure, and Solidity of Banks in Era of Digitalisation
Authors: Alqatan Ahmad , Dhouibi Raoudha , Talbi Najoua , Arslan Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Through the mechanics of contagion, bank failures not only cause economic agents to suffer financial losses but also cause the entire financial system to become unstable. As a result, the bank needs to safeguard itself against various threats. This study analyses the relationship between the diversification of banking activities and governance mechanisms while taking into account the concept of ownership structure in banking firms to explain the level of risk. The authors took the sample from 10 main Tunisian banks listed on the Tunis Stock Exchange for the period 2002 to 2020. The result of the FGLS regression showed that the separation between traditional and non-traditional activity has a favourable effect on banking stability because the diversification of activities allows banks to establish synergies between the different sectors, thus increasing the level of stability of banking firms by reducing the level of risk. The authors found that the financial strength of Tunisian banks is positively influenced by the degree of diversification of the banks' sources of income.