bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gait Asymmetry Variation in Kinematics, Kinetics, and Muscle Force along with the Severity Levels of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Junqing , Hu Qinsheng , Wu Chenyu , Li Shiqi , Deng Qian , Tang Ruoliang , Li Kang , Nie Yong , Shen Bin
Published: April 2023

Objective

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients exhibit greater gait asymmetry than healthy controls. However, gait asymmetry in kinematics, kinetics and muscle forces across patients with different severity levels of knee OA is still unknown. The study aimed to investigate the changes of gait asymmetry in lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and muscle force across patients with different severity levels of knee OA.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study. From January 2020 to January 2021, 118 patients with symptomatic and radiographic medial knee OA were categorized into three groups using the Kellgren and Lawrence scale (mild: grade 1 and 2, n = 37; moderate: grade 3, n = 31; severe: grade 4, n = 50). During self‐paced walking, marker trajectories and ground reaction forces data were recorded. Musculoskeletal simulations were used to determine gait kinematics, kinetics, and muscle force. One‐way analysis of variance with Tukey's post‐hoc test was used to evaluate group difference. Paired‐sample t‐test was used to compared the between‐limb difference.

Results

In the Severe group, significantly greater asymmetry index in knee flexion/extension range of motion (45%) was observed with a greater value on the contralateral side (p < 0.01), compared to the Mild (15%) and Moderate (15%) groups. Significantly higher peak hip contact force (JCF) on the contralateral side was found in the Mild (more affected side: 3.80 ± 0.67 BW, contralateral side: 4.01 ± 0.58 BW), Moderate (more affected side: 3.67 ± 0.56 BW, contralateral side: 4.07 ± 0.81 BW), and Severe groups (more affected side: 3.66 ± 0.79 BW, contralateral side: 3.94 ± 0.64 BW) (p < 0.05). Significantly greater gluteus medius muscle force on the contralateral side was found in Mild (more affected side: 0.48 ± 0.09 BW, contralateral side: 0.52 ± 0.12 BW), Moderate (more affected side: 0.45 ± 0.10 BW, contralateral side: 0.51 ± 0.15 BW), and Severe groups (more affected side: 0.42 ± 0.15 BW, contralateral side: 0.47 ± 0.12 BW) (p < 0.05). The contralateral side showing significantly higher peak knee adduction moment and medial knee JCF was only observed in the Mild group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Gait asymmetry in kinematics and muscle forces increased from mild to severe knee OA. Asymmetrical gait pattern tends to transfer loads from the more affected side to the contralateral side. Peak hip JCF and gluteus medius muscle force can be used to detect this asymmetrical gait pattern in patients with knee OA, regardless of severity levels.
Carbon nitride quantum dots‐modified cobalt phosphate for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Liu Xing , Hu Longxin , Zhang Yujie , Lai Hua , Peng Gang , Li Junhua , Zeng Rongying , Yi Zhengji
Published: April 2023

In the present work, carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs)‐modified cobalt phosphate (CoPi) composites CNQDs/CoPi‐x (x = 1, 2, 3) were prepared at room temperature and characterized by FTIR, XRD, UV–Vis DRS, EIS, SEM, TEM/HR‐TEM, XPS, and N2 gas adsorption. The morphologies and surface areas of CNQDs/CoPi‐x have no remarkable change after modification of CNQDs, compared with pure CoPi. The obtained CNQDs/CoPi‐x shows enhanced activity and stability of photocatalytic H2 evolution compared to pure CoPi using Eosin Y (EY) as a sensitizer and triethanolamine as an electron donor. The CNQDs/CoPi‐2 possesses the highest hydrogen evolution rate, 234.5 μmol h−1 g−1, upon visible light, which outshines that of CoPi by 2.4 times. It was believed that the enhanced photocatalytic performances of the CNQDs/CoPi‐2 could result from the boosted electron transfer from radical EY·− to CNQDs/CoPi‐2 by the employment of CNQDs; in addition, the visible‐light activity of CNQDs contributes to hydrogen evolution. The mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen production was discussed. This study may contribute toward the development of production of “green hydrogen” using solar.
On proper presupposition
Authors: Zakkou Julia
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the norm of presupposition, as one pervasive type of indirect speech act. It argues against the view that sees presuppositions as an indirect counterpart of the direct speech act of assertion and proposes instead that they are much more similar to the direct speech act of assumption. More concretely, it suggests that the norm that governs presuppositions is not an epistemic or doxastic attitude such as knowledge, justified belief, or mere belief; it's a practical attitude, most plausibly the attitude of rational acceptance. This view has important ramifications well beyond debates in philosophy of language and linguistics. It affects not only our view of which speech act sequences are fine and which are off; it bears on whether presuppositions can function as testimony, whether they can be lies, and whether they are ontologically committal, thus addressing central topics in epistemology, ethics, and metaphysics.
Impact of praise cashback strategy: Implications for consumers and e‐businesses
Authors: Wu Pengkun , Ngai Eric W. T. , Wu Yuanyuan
Published: April 2023

This study focuses on a broadly adopted but largely underexplored cashback strategy, the praise cashback strategy (PCS), which aims to entice consumers to keep purchases and post positive online reviews. The literature acknowledges the impact of cashback strategies on consumers’ purchase and review behaviors; however, it does not focus on how they affect consumers’ return behaviors. Moreover, there are few studies on the effect of cashback strategies on consumer surplus and social welfare in the presence of strategic consumers, especially in relation to analyzing the proportion of fake reviews. By incorporating consumers’ review and return behaviors into a newsvendor model, we establish a sequential procedure for merchants to determine pricing, inventory, and PCS decisions, and then examine the conditions under which merchants prefer to adopt a PCS and its impact. Our results reveal that the adoption of a PCS is a typical prisoner's dilemma for merchants in markets where PCSs are prevalent. Only when the PCS phenomenon is pervasive in the market, will merchants adopt a PCS with a small cashback amount. A PCS market negatively impacts consumer surplus and social welfare; however, merchants and consumers may benefit from a small cashback amount. Contrary to the common belief that a PCS undermines the organic evolution of online reviews and reduces return rates, we show that a PCS only elicits a few fake reviews, while merchants may face higher return rates from adopting it. These results benefit future studies on cashback strategies and fake reviews and provide evidence that supports the scientific governance of PCSs.
Virtuous spillover effects of quality penalties on the continuity of health care
Authors: Deore Aishwarrya , Krishnan Ranjani , Nair Anand
Published: April 2023

Ensuring continuity of care for patients after an intensive hospitalization episode is a complex dilemma that plagues the US health‐care system. Despite its influence on health outcomes such as mortality and readmissions, it is difficult to construct policy instruments such as report cards or penalties for improving continuity of care due to the fragmented nature of post‐intensive hospitalization care. However, policy instruments that target other related health outcomes can also benefit continuity of care. We examine whether a quality regulation that penalized hospitals for excess readmissions has implications for an unregulated aspect, that is, continuity of care through intra‐ailment and spillover effects. Intra ‐ailment effects occur from the effects of penalty regulation on the continuity of care of ailments targeted for regulation. Spillovers occur from the effects of penalty regulation on continuity of care for ailments that were not targeted by the policy but share complementarities with targeted ailments. We conduct difference‐in‐differences analyses using patient‐level data for 2004–2014 from the state of California. Our empirical strategy utilizes the nature of the hospital production function, which is organized by medically related specialties. We construct three cohorts of patients, all of whom belong to specialties that house the ailments targeted for readmission penalties. These include (1) ailments targeted by the penalty policy for readmissions, (2) closely related, non‐targeted ailments, and (3) unrelated ailments. Results reveal evidence of intra‐ailment effects, which manifest as increases in continuity of care of targeted ailments, and spillovers, which manifest as increases in continuity of care of non‐targeted but related ailments. We find that processual mechanisms, such as the source of patient admissions and length of stay, and structural mechanisms, such as system size, accentuate the intra‐ailment effects. Our study provides novel insights into how quality regulation can have intra‐ailment and spillover effects and bespeaks the importance of incorporating these effects in the regulatory benefit‐cost calculus.
The role of cross‐sector partnerships in the dynamics between places and innovation ecosystems
Authors: Dzhengiz Tulin , Patala Samuli
Published: April 2023

The dynamics between places and innovation ecosystems and the role that cross‐sector partnerships (CSPs) can play in regenerating places and in revitalizing innovation ecosystems remain poorly theorized. In this study we use two cases – Humber (UK) and Southwest Finland – to develop a conceptual model that demonstrates the vicious and virtuous dynamics between places and innovation ecosystems. We show that CSPs can act as herding spaces – arenas where actors from different organizations get together to address a common purpose and connect with the institutional context – and alter these vicious and virtuous dynamics. Specifically, our findings shed light on four mechanisms that enable CSPs to act as herding spaces and so to help break away from the vicious (vitalizing role) and reinforce the virtuous (nurturing role) dynamics between places and innovation ecosystems: recognition of place‐based challenges, improvement or utilization of place attachment, development of purpose ecosystems, and direct engagement in place regeneration activities.
Medication‐related osteonecrosis in torus palatinus: Report of a case and literature review
Authors: Correia‐Neto Ivan José , Colafemina Ana Carolina Evangelista , Faustino Isabel Schausltz Pereira , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Lopes Márcio Ajudarte
Published: April 2023

Background

Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw bones have been frequently reported. However, its occurrence in torus palatinus is very rare with only 10 cases published in the English‐language literature.

Case report

We describe an additional case in a 79‐year‐old woman, who was referred for evaluation of a painful swelling with areas of suppuration on the hard palate.

Conclusion

Conservative treatment was performed and after spontaneous sequestrectomy, total healing was achieved.
Training of medical students in the use of emergency whole blood collection and transfusion in the framework of a civilian walking blood
Authors: Apelseth Torunn O. , Kristoffersen Einar K. , Strandenes Geir , Hervig Tor
Published: April 2023

Introduction

In this report, we describe a training program in emergency whole blood collection and transfusion for medical students at the University of Bergen. The overall aim of the program is to improve the availability of early balanced blood transfusion for the treatment of patients with life‐threatening bleeding in rural health care services.

Study Design and Methods

The voluntary training program provides the knowledge needed to practice emergency whole blood transfusions and understand the system for emergency whole blood collection in the framework of a civilian walking blood bank (WBB). It includes theoretical and practical sessions. In‐person teaching and web‐based learning resources are provided. An anonymous survey of the students attending the training course in the autumn of 2022 and spring 2023 was performed.

Results

128 of 178 students participated in the practical training. 88 of 128 (69%) responded to the survey. 82 (93%) performed blood typing, 71 (81%) performed donor interviews, 61 (69%) partially performed whole blood collection (up to blood in bag) and 27 (30%) participated in complete whole blood collection and performed autologous reinfusion. No complications occurred during training. The students reported that the training course increased their understanding of how to ensure access to emergency blood transfusion by the use of a WBB.

Discussion

Structured theoretical and practical training in emergency whole blood collection and emergency transfusion is feasible and of interest to medical students. A multidisciplinary approach to student training in emergency whole blood collection and transfusion should be considered.
Analysis of a current water tariff and attitudes towards change: A representative study from a Palestinian city
Authors: Al‐Khatib Issam A. , Ali Ala' Abu , Hung Yung‐Tse
Published: April 2023

The problem of an outdated tariff has become acute recently with increased water scarcity in Palestine. Therefore, the goals of the study were to analyse the factors that could affect the water consumption in Jericho governorate, Palestine; explore societal perceptions of alternative water sources; and to identify areas that need to be re‐examined for tariff revision or changes to water source and delivery. A total of 76% of the respondents know the water tariff price, and 61% of the sample considers the tariff as high. Future suggestions to raise the price of water will meet resistance. Interestingly, 66% of the respondents agree with the possible future use of treated wastewater, and 46% of the respondents emphasize that treated wastewater is the most favoured solution for water scarcity. Overall, the results indicate the public identifies water conservation as possible and that alternative actions can be applied in order to manage and conserve water resources.
Ability of the Seventh Cervical Vertebra Wall Distance to Determine Mobility Deficits of Older Adults
Authors: Amatachaya Sugalya , Suwannarat Patcharawan , Wiyanad Apassanan , Chokphukia Pakwipa , Sooknuan Thanat , Amatachaya Pipatana
Published: April 2023

Thoracic hyperkyphosis could affect mobility and independence of older adults. However, there was no clear evidence on the use of the seventh cervical vertebra wall distance (C7WD), a practical measure for thoracic hyperkyphosis, to indicate mobility deficits relating to independence of these individuals. This study explored the ability of C7WD to determine mobility impairments in 104 older adults. Participants (average age of 74.1 ± 7.4 years) with various degree of thoracic kyphosis were cross-sectionally measured for their C7WD, mobility, and Cobb angle. The findings indicate that participants with thoracic hyperkyphosis (Cobb angle = 46.1 ± 5.2°) had significantly poorer mobility than those without thoracic hyperkyphosis (Cobb angle = 32.8 ± 5.9°, p < .05). A C7WD of ≥7.8 cm could indicate mobility deficits of the participants (sensitivity = 71%–92%, specificity = 75%–94%, and area under the curve >0.80). The findings confirm the ability of C7WD that could be clinically measured using rulers to indicate mobility deficits of older adults.
A Proposal for an “Environmental Sports Journalism” (ESJ) Approach: Principles and Illustrative Examples From Coverage of the Rio 2016 and PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Games
Authors: Wilson Brian , Yoon Liv
Published: April 2023

This article introduces/rationalizes an attempt to conceptualize “environmental sports journalism (ESJ).” ESJ refers to a set of principles for analyzing and/or reporting on media coverage of sport-related environmental issues—principles intended to support/promote dialogue and nuanced thinking about these issues and about how sports journalism might contribute to environmentally friendly and just outcomes. To clarify features of ESJ and explore benefits/challenges of ESJ, we include illustrative examples of ESJ from media coverage of: (a) polluted harbor water used for the 2016 Rio Olympic and Paralympic Summer Games and (b) the razing of an ancient forest for a ski facility for the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. We conclude with reflections on the potential/limits of ESJ and suggestions for work on sport, journalism, and environmental issues.
Consensus molecular environment of schizophrenia risk genes in coexpression networks shifting across age and brain regions
Authors: Pergola Giulio , Parihar Madhur , Sportelli Leonardo , Bharadwaj Rahul , Borcuk Christopher , Radulescu Eugenia , Bellantuono Loredana , Blasi Giuseppe , Chen Qiang , Kleinman Joel E. , Wang Yanhong , Sripathy Srinidhi Rao , Maher Brady J. , Monaco Alfonso , Rossi Fabiana , Shin Joo Heon , Hyde Thomas M. , Bertolino Alessandro , Weinberger Daniel R.
Published: April 2023

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental brain disorder whose genetic risk is associated with shifting clinical phenomena across the life span. We investigated the convergence of putative schizophrenia risk genes in brain coexpression networks in postmortem human prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), hippocampus, caudate nucleus, and dentate gyrus granule cells, parsed by specific age periods (total
N
 = 833). The results support an early prefrontal involvement in the biology underlying schizophrenia and reveal a dynamic interplay of regions in which age parsing explains more variance in schizophrenia risk compared to lumping all age periods together. Across multiple data sources and publications, we identify 28 genes that are the most consistently found partners in modules enriched for schizophrenia risk genes in DLPFC; twenty-three are previously unidentified associations with schizophrenia. In iPSC-derived neurons, the relationship of these genes with schizophrenia risk genes is maintained. The genetic architecture of schizophrenia is embedded in shifting coexpression patterns across brain regions and time, potentially underwriting its shifting clinical presentation.
Defective import of mitochondrial metabolic enzyme elicits ectopic metabolic stress
Authors: Nishio Kazuya , Kawarasaki Tomoyuki , Sugiura Yuki , Matsumoto Shunsuke , Konoshima Ayano , Takano Yuki , Hayashi Mayuko , Okumura Fumihiko , Kamura Takumi , Mizushima Tsunehiro , Nakatsukasa Kunio
Published: April 2023

Deficiencies in mitochondrial protein import are associated with a number of diseases. However, although nonimported mitochondrial proteins are at great risk of aggregation, it remains largely unclear how their accumulation causes cell dysfunction. Here, we show that nonimported citrate synthase is targeted for proteasomal degradation by the ubiquitin ligase SCFUcc1. Unexpectedly, our structural and genetic analyses revealed that nonimported citrate synthase appears to form an enzymatically active conformation in the cytosol. Its excess accumulation caused ectopic citrate synthesis, which, in turn, led to an imbalance in carbon flux of sugar, a reduction of the pool of amino acids and nucleotides, and a growth defect. Under these conditions, translation repression is induced and acts as a protective mechanism that mitigates the growth defect. We propose that the consequence of mitochondrial import failure is not limited to proteotoxic insults, but that the accumulation of a nonimported metabolic enzyme elicits ectopic metabolic stress.
Genetic population structure of the Xiongnu Empire at imperial and local scales
Authors: Lee Juhyeon , Miller Bryan K. , Bayarsaikhan Jamsranjav , Johannesson Erik , Ventresca Miller Alicia , Warinner Christina , Jeong Choongwon
Published: April 2023

The Xiongnu established the first nomadic imperial power, controlling the Eastern Eurasian steppe from ca. 200 BCE to 100 CE. Recent archaeogenetic studies identified extreme levels of genetic diversity across the empire, corroborating historical records of the Xiongnu Empire being multiethnic. However, it has remained unknown how this diversity was structured at the local community level or by sociopolitical status. To address this, we investigated aristocratic and local elite cemeteries at the western frontier of the empire. Analyzing genome-wide data from 18 individuals, we show that genetic diversity within these communities was comparable to the empire as a whole, and that high diversity was also observed within extended families. Genetic heterogeneity was highest among the lowest-status individuals, implying diverse origins, while higher-status individuals harbored less genetic diversity, suggesting that elite status and power was concentrated within specific subsets of the broader Xiongnu population.
IL-6–GP130 signaling protects human hepatocytes against lipid droplet accumulation in humanized liver models
Authors: Carbonaro Marisa , Wang Kehui , Huang Hui , Frleta Davor , Patel Aditi , Pennington Alexander , Desclaux Mathieu , Moller-Tank Sven , Grindley Justin , Altarejos Judith , Zhong Jun , Polites Greg , Poueymirou William , Jaspers Stephen , Kyratsous Christos , Zambrowicz Brian , Murphy Andrew , Lin John C. , Macdonald Lynn E. , Daly Christopher , Sleeman Mark , Thurston Gavin , Li Zhe
Published: April 2023

Liver steatosis is an increasing health issue with few therapeutic options, partly because of a paucity of experimental models. In humanized liver rodent models, abnormal lipid accumulation in transplanted human hepatocytes occurs spontaneously. Here, we demonstrate that this abnormality is associated with compromised interleukin-6 (IL-6)–glycoprotein 130 (GP130) signaling in human hepatocytes because of incompatibility between host rodent IL-6 and human IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) on donor hepatocytes. Restoration of hepatic IL-6–GP130 signaling, through ectopic expression of rodent IL-6R, constitutive activation of GP130 in human hepatocytes, or humanization of an
Il6
allele in recipient mice, substantially reduced hepatosteatosis. Notably, providing human Kupffer cells via hematopoietic stem cell engraftment in humanized liver mice also corrected the abnormality. Our observations suggest an important role of IL-6–GP130 pathway in regulating lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and not only provide a method to improve humanized liver models but also suggest therapeutic potential for manipulating GP130 signaling in human liver steatosis.
Cryo-EM structure of the human Sirtuin 6–nucleosome complex
Authors: Chio Un Seng , Rechiche Othman , Bryll Alysia R. , Zhu Jiang , Leith Erik M. , Feldman Jessica L. , Peterson Craig L. , Tan Song , Armache Jean-Paul
Published: April 2023

Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a multifaceted protein deacetylase/deacylase and a major target for small-molecule modulators of longevity and cancer. In the context of chromatin, SIRT6 removes acetyl groups from histone H3 in nucleosomes, but the molecular basis for its nucleosomal substrate preference is unknown. Our cryo–electron microscopy structure of human SIRT6 in complex with the nucleosome shows that the catalytic domain of SIRT6 pries DNA from the nucleosomal entry-exit site and exposes the histone H3 N-terminal helix, while the SIRT6 zinc-binding domain binds to the histone acidic patch using an arginine anchor. In addition, SIRT6 forms an inhibitory interaction with the C-terminal tail of histone H2A. The structure provides insights into how SIRT6 can deacetylate both H3 K9 and H3 K56.
Water transport in reverse osmosis membranes is governed by pore flow, not a solution-diffusion mechanism
Authors: Wang Li , He Jinlong , Heiranian Mohammad , Fan Hanqing , Song Lianfa , Li Ying , Elimelech Menachem
Published: April 2023

We performed nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations and solvent permeation experiments to unravel the mechanism of water transport in reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The NEMD simulations reveal that water transport is driven by a pressure gradient within the membranes, not by a water concentration gradient, in marked contrast to the classic solution-diffusion model. We further show that water molecules travel as clusters through a network of pores that are transiently connected. Permeation experiments with water and organic solvents using polyamide and cellulose triacetate RO membranes showed that solvent permeance depends on the membrane pore size, kinetic diameter of solvent molecules, and solvent viscosity. This observation is not consistent with the solution-diffusion model, where permeance depends on the solvent solubility. Motivated by these observations, we demonstrate that the solution-friction model, in which transport is driven by a pressure gradient, can describe water and solvent transport in RO membranes.
Olefination of carbonyls with alkenes enabled by electrophotocatalytic generation of distonic radical cations
Authors: Steiniger Keri A. , Lambert Tristan H.
Published: April 2023

The conversion of carbonyls to olefins is a transformation of great importance for complex molecule synthesis. Standard methods use stoichiometric reagents that have poor atom economy and require strongly basic conditions, which limit their functional group compatibility. An ideal solution would be to catalytically olefinate carbonyls under nonbasic conditions using simple and widely available alkenes, yet no such broadly applicable reaction is known. Here, we demonstrate a tandem electrochemical/electrophotocatalytic reaction to olefinate aldehydes and ketones with a broad range of unactivated alkenes. This method involves the oxidation-induced denitrogenation of cyclic diazenes to form 1,3-distonic radical cations that rearrange to yield the olefin products. This olefination reaction is enabled by an electrophotocatalyst that inhibits back-electron transfer to the radical cation intermediate, thus allowing for the selective formation of olefin products. The method is compatible with a wide range of aldehydes, ketones, and alkene partners.
Metabolic challenges and interventions in CAR T cell therapy
Authors: Peng Jhan-Jie , Wang Limei , Li Zhiyu , Ku Cheng-Lung , Ho Ping-Chih
Published: April 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have achieved true clinical success in treating hematological malignancy patients, laying the foundation of CAR T cells as a new pillar of cancer therapy. Although these promising effects have generated strong interest in expanding the treatment of CAR T cells to solid tumors, reproducible demonstration of clinical efficacy in the setting of solid tumors has remained challenging to date. Here, we review how metabolic stress and signaling in the tumor microenvironment, including intrinsic determinants of response to CAR T cell therapy and extrinsic obstacles, restrict the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy in cancer treatment. In addition, we discuss the use of novel approaches to target and rewire metabolic programming for CAR T cell manufacturing. Last, we summarize strategies that aim to improve the metabolic adaptability of CAR T cells to enhance their potency in mounting antitumor responses and survival within the tumor microenvironment.
Fermi velocity and effective mass of quasiparticles in bilayer phosphorene nanoribbons
Authors: Peyvand Morad Ali , Ravaei Bahman , Zare Moslem
Published: April 2023

Based on the Green’s function approach in combination with the tight-binding approximation, we have investigated the electronic properties of zigzag bilayer phosphorene nanoribbons (ZBLPNRs). A complete and fully reversible metal-to-semiconductor or insulator phase transition has been observed via tuning a perpendicular electric field. We explain the effect of the interlayer hopping parameter on the electronic characterizations, namely, the energy band-gap, Fermi velocity, and effective mass of carriers in biased ZBLPNRs. In the presence of the interlayer hopping term, the band structure of a ZBLPNR in the vicinity of the Fermi level has the form of two tilted Dirac cones, while, in the absence of it, the created cones are not tilted. Besides, the bands above and below the Fermi level are not symmetric, i.e., there is no electron–hole symmetry for both limits of the interlayer coupling. A remarkable tuning of both the Fermi velocity and the reciprocal effective mass can be observed by adjusting the external bias voltage. At certain critical bias voltages, the band edge reciprocal masses and carrier velocities become zero, i.e., the electrons exhibit localization behaviour. This phenomenon is indeed a transition from massive to massless Dirac fermions and vice versa. The possibility of simultaneous control of the thermal and magnetic properties using an electric agent, which can be realized experimentally by using a perpendicular potential difference, opens up possibilities for low-power-consuming thermomagnetic devices based on ZBLPNRs.
RESEARCH ON DEEP LEARNING TECHNOLOGY TO DETECT MALICIOUS FOR HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Authors: NONG MENGXIN , CHANG HUNT-TENG , HUANG LINGFENG
Published: April 2023

With the popularity of smart phones, Android has a large number of users. Android allows download and installation of other unofficial healthcare system applications, so it has attracted the attention of malware developers for healthcare system. However, most of the papers proposed a variety of different methods to improve accuracy, and the samples tested by each method in the experimental part are different, which may cause errors in comparison. It shows that permission is an important of the development as mobile phone storage. Therefore, this paper proposed Android’s Permission and application program interface (API) as two features to perform machine learning to detect malicious programs business intelligence. It also uses machine learning method and other two algorithms to detect malicious programs. The average accuracy of using hybrid detection of unknown malicious programs reaches 89%, and the hit rate near 90%. The results show that under the same sample situation, the accuracy rate of the hybrid method used Random Forest is higher than the other two analyses. Compared with the dynamic analysis with others, it used the hybrid method and dynamic analysis has a high accuracy rate. The contribution of this paper is as follows: the advantage of static detection is that it does not need to execute Android application package (APK) features be extracted, and the speed is the fastest among the three detection modules. The features of dynamic detection for healthcare system are generated through the executed APK, and more powerful features can be extracted. Hybrid detection uses two method features, and extract most advantageous features to generate detection modules to detect APKs. The accuracy of static results about 87% in average, 88% for dynamic, and 89% for hybrid.
A Structural-Similarity Conditional GAN Method to Generate Real-Time Topology for Shell–Infill Structures
Authors: Wu Yong , Bai Yingchun , Lan Zeling , Yao Shouwen
Published: April 2023

Topology optimization (TO) can generate innovative conceptual configurations with shell–infill geometric features by distributing materials optimally within the design domain. However, physics-based topology optimization methods require repeated finite element analysis and variable updating, in which expensive computational cost limits their applications in wider industrial fields, especially for topology optimization for shell–infill structures. Fortunately, the arising of the data-based topology optimization method using deep learning has paved the way to realize real-time topology prediction for shell–infill structures. In this work, a novel and differentiable structural similarity (SSIM) loss function is introduced into the conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) to construct the SSIM-cGAN model, and the single-channel coding strategy of initial condition is proposed to simplify the inputs of the deep learning model. SSIM-cGAN can generate shell–infill structures in real time after training with a small-scale dataset. The results generated by SSIM-cGAN and cGAN were put together for comparison, demonstrating that the shell–infill structure generated by SSIM-cGAN has lower error than cGAN, and the shell layer and porous infill structures are more integrated.
Machine Generation of Audio Description for Blind and Visually Impaired People
Authors: Campos Virgínia P. , Gonçalves Luiz M. G. , Ribeiro Wesnydy L. , Araújo Tiago M. U. , Do Rego Thaís G. , Figueiredo Pedro H. V. , Vieira Suanny F. S. , Costa Thiago F. S. , Moraes Caio C. , Cruz Alexandre C. S. , Araújo Felipe A. , Souza Filho Guido L.
Published: April 2023

Automating the generation of audio descriptions (AD) for blind and visually impaired (BVI) people is a difficult task, since it has several challenges involved, such as: identifying gaps in dialogues; describing the essential elements; summarizing and fitting the descriptions into the dialogue gaps; generating an AD narration track, and synchronizing it with the main soundtrack. In our previous work (Campos et al. [
6
]), we propose a solution for automatic AD script generation, named CineAD, which uses the movie’s script as a basis for the AD generation. This article proposes extending this solution to complement the information extracted from the script and reduce its dependency based on the classification of visual information from the video. To assess the viability of the proposed solution, we implemented a proof of concept of the solution and evaluated it with 11 blind users. The results showed that the solution could generate a more succinct and objective AD but with a similar users’ level of understanding compared to our previous work. Thus, the solution can provide relevant information to blind users using less video time for descriptions.
Semantic Relation Extraction: A Review of Approaches, Datasets, and Evaluation Methods With Looking at the Methods and Datasets in the Persian Language
Authors: Gharagozlou Hamid , Mohammadzadeh Javad , Bastanfard Azam , Ghidary Saeed Shiry
Published: April 2023

A large volume of unstructured data, especially text data, is generated and exchanged daily. Consequently, the importance of extracting patterns and discovering knowledge from textual data is significantly increasing. As the task of automatically recognizing the relations between two or more entities, semantic relation extraction has a prominent role in the exploitation of raw text. This article surveys different approaches and types of relation extraction in English and the most prominent proposed methods in Persian. We also introduce, analyze, and compare the most important datasets available for relation extraction in Persian and English. Furthermore, traditional and emerging evaluation metrics for supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised methods are described, along with pointers to commonly used performance evaluation datasets. Finally, we briefly describe challenges in extracting relationships in Persian and English and dataset creation challenges.
A Novel Classification Technique based on Formal Methods
Authors: Canfora Gerardo , Mercaldo Francesco , Santone Antonella
Published: April 2023

In last years, we are witnessing a growing interest in the application of supervised machine learning techniques in the most disparate fields. One winning factor of machine learning is represented by its ability to easily create models, as it does not require prior knowledge about the application domain. Complementary to machine learning are formal methods, that intrinsically offer safeness check and mechanism for reasoning on failures. Considering the weaknesses of machine learning, a new challenge could be represented by the use of formal methods. However, formal methods require the expertise of the domain, knowledge about modeling language with its semantic and mathematical rigour to specify properties. In this article, we propose a novel learning technique based on the adoption of formal methods for classification thanks to the automatic generation both of the formula and of the model. In this way the proposed method does not require any human intervention and thus it can be applied also to complex/large datasets. This leads to less effort both in using formal methods and in a better explainability and reasoning about the obtained results. Through a set of case studies from different real-world domains (i.e., driver detection, scada attack identification, arrhythmia characterization, mobile malware detection, and radiomics for lung cancer analysis), we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method, by showing that we are able to overcome the performances obtained from widespread classification algorithms.
A Taxonomy of Cyber Defence Strategies Against False Data Attacks in Smart Grids
Authors: Reda Haftu Tasew , Anwar Adnan , Mahmood Abdun Naser , Tari Zahir
Published: April 2023

The modern electric power grid, known as the
Smart Grid
, has fast transformed the isolated and centrally controlled power system to a fast and massively connected cyber-physical system that benefits from the revolutions happening in communications (such as 5G/6G) and the fast adoption of Internet of Things devices (such as intelligent electronic devices and smart meters). While the synergy of a vast number of cyber-physical entities has allowed the Smart Grid to be much more effective and sustainable in meeting the growing global energy challenges, it has also brought with it a large number of vulnerabilities resulting in breaches of data integrity, confidentiality, and availability. False data injection (FDI) appears to be among the most critical cyberattacks and has been a focal point of interest for both research and industry. To this end, this article presents a comprehensive review of the recent advances in defence countermeasures of FDI attacks on the Smart Grid. Relevant existing works of literature are evaluated and compared in terms of their theoretical and practical significance to Smart Grid cybersecurity. In conclusion, a range of technical limitations of existing false data attack detection research is identified, and a number of future research directions are recommended.
Road Network Representation Learning: A Dual Graph-based Approach
Authors: Zhang Liang , Long Cheng
Published: April 2023

Road network is a critical infrastructure powering many applications including transportation, mobility and logistics in real life. To leverage the input of a road network across these different applications, it is necessary to learn the representations of the roads in the form of vectors, which is namedroad network representation learning(RNRL). While several models have been proposed for RNRL, they capture the pairwise relationships/connections among roads only (i.e., as a simple graph), and fail to capture among roads the high-order relationships (e.g., those roads that jointly form a local region usually have similar features such as speed limit) and long-range relationships (e.g., some roads that are far apart may have similar semantics such as being roads in residential areas). Motivated by this, we propose to construct ahypergraph, where each hyperedge corresponds to a set of multiple roads forming a region. The constructed hypergraph would naturally capture the high-order relationships among roads with hyperedges. We then allow information propagation via both the edges in the simple graph and the hyperedges in the hypergraph in a graph neural network context. In addition, we introduce different pretext tasks based on both the simple graph (i.e., graph reconstruction) and the hypergraph (including hypergraph reconstruction and hyperedge classification) for optimizing the representations of roads. The graph reconstruction and hypergraph reconstruction tasks are conventional ones and can capture structural information. The hyperedge classification task can capture long-range relationships between pairs of roads that belong to hyperedges with the same label. We call the resulting modelHyperRoad. We further extend HyperRoad to problem settings when additional inputs of road attributes and/or trajectories that are generated on the roads are available. We conduct extensive experiments on two real datasets, for five downstream tasks, and under four problem settings, which demonstrate that our model achieves impressive improvements compared with existing baselines across datasets, tasks, problem settings, and performance metrics.

CCS Concepts: • Information systems→Data mining; • Urban computing; • Spatial-temporal systems;
Initiation of Sulfide Stress Cracking Using Potentiostatic Liquid-Phase Ion Gun
Authors: Fushimi K. , Yanagimoto H. , Nakatsuji S. , Shoji S. , Kitagawa Y. , Hasegawa Y. , Baba K.
Published: April 2023

A liquid-phase ion gun (LPIG) was used to create a local H2S enriched environment near Cr-containing steel surface in Na2S solutions in attempt to induce sulfide stress cracking on the specimen surface. In a 1.5 mM Na2S solution, anodic polarization of LPIG Pt microelectrode at a potential of 1.90 V vs SHE resulted in that local solution was successfully acidified to below pH 4, a pseudo-sour environment. When Cr-containing steels were potentiostatically polarized under this pseudo-sour environment by LPIG, sulfides were formed on the specimen surface depending on Cr-concentration, specimen potential, and chloride ion in solution. When LPIG was operated on Cr-containing steels subjected to tensile stress using a four-point bending tester, cracks were formed on the steel surface.
Hyperbranched Polyglycidol- Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes via In Situ Polymerization on the Crystallization Behavior of PLA
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Wang Maoju , Wu Dongliang , Sheng Yujing , Song Shuoyao , Zhang Ruliang
Published: April 2023

A hyperbranched polyglycidol-functionalized carbon nanotubes were synthesized via an anionicring-opening polymerization of ethylene glycol. Then polylactic acid nanocomposites were prepared by a solution blending method using carbon nanotubes modified with hyperbranched glycidol as a nucleating agent. The crystallization behavior of PLA composites was studied by DSC. Among them, the carbon Nanotubes modified by hyperbranched molecules has a better effect on improving the crystalline properties of polylactic acid. Compared with PLA, the crystallinity of the PLA composite with CNTs is increased by 5.9%, while the crystallinity of the PLA composite with HPG-CNTs is increased by 13.8%. The semi-crystallization time of HPG-modified CNT is 4.34% higher than PLA/CNTs and 11.2% higher than PLA. The existence of the nano-nucleating agent can effectively improve the crystallization rate of polylactic acid, which can improve the feasibility of polylactic acid in industrial processing.
Rapid changes in transcriptomic profile and mitochondrial function in human soleus muscle after 3-day dry immersion
Authors: Popov Daniil V. , Makhnovskii Pavel A. , Zgoda Viktor G. , Gazizova Guzel R. , Vepkhvadze Tatiana F. , Lednev Egor M. , Motanova Evgeniia S. , Lysenko Evgeny A. , Orlov Oleg I. , Tomilovskaya Elena S.
Published: April 2023

Three-day dry immersion (a model of physical unloading) substantially changes the transcriptomic profile in the human soleus muscle, a muscle with predominantly slow-twitch fibers and strong postural function; despite this, we found no effect on the muscle proteome (highly abundant proteins). Dry immersion markedly reduces ADP-stimulated respiration; this decline is not accompanied by a decrease in the content of mitochondrial proteins/respiratory enzymes, indicating the disruption in regulation of cellular respiration.
Elevations in sweat sodium concentration following ischemia-reperfusion injury during passive heat stress
Authors: Hess Hayden W. , Baker Tyler B. , Keeler Jason M. , Freemas Jessica A. , Worley Morgan L. , Johnson Blair D. , Schlader Zachary J.
Published: April 2023

In the present study, we have demonstrated that sweat sodium concentration is elevated following ischemia-reperfusion injury during passive heat stress. This does not appear to be mediated by reductions in cutaneous microvascular function or active sweat glands, but may be related to alterations in local sweating responses during heat stress. This study demonstrates a potential use of eccrine sweat glands to understand sodium handling following ischemia-reperfusion injury, particularly given the challenges of in vivo studies of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans.
Differences in substrate metabolism between African American and Caucasian infants: evidence from mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Jevtovic Filip , Lopez Christian A. , Zheng Donghai , Cortright Ronald N. , Biagioni Ericka M. , Claiborne Alex , Isler Christy , DeVente James E. , Houmard Joseph A. , May Linda E. , Broskey Nicholas T.
Published: April 2023

African Americans, when compared with Caucasians, display greater insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Differences in substrate utilization have been proposed as a factor for this health disparity; however, it remains unknown how early these differences manifest. Using infant umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, we tested for in vitro glucose and fatty acid oxidation differences. Myogenically differentiated MSCs from African American offspring display higher rates of glucose oxidation and incomplete fatty acid oxidation.
On a New Three-Dimensional Chaotic System with Adaptive Control and Chaos Synchronization
Authors: Saeed Nasser A. , Saleh Hend A. , El-Ganaini Wedad A. , Kamel Magdi , Mohamed Mohamed S.
Published: April 2023

A three-dimensional autonomous deterministic chaotic system having six parameters is explored within this article. The dynamical characteristics of the proposed system are investigated through eigenvalues structure, bifurcation diagrams, Kaplan–Yorke dimension, Lyapunov exponents, time response, and phase plane trajectories. For the suitable design of the system parameters, it is found that the system can exhibit periodic, period-n, or chaotic oscillations. Accordingly, the system’s dynamical behavior to the variation of its coefficients has been explored. The obtained results revealed that the proposed dynamical system does not lose its chaotic oscillations for the small fluctuations of one or more of the values of its parameters. In addition, chaos control and chaos synchronization have been studied by means of the adaptive control strategy relying on Lyapunov’s second method of stability. The numerical simulation revealed that superior chaos control and master-slave synchronization have been achieved by the applied control laws. Finally, the obtained results have been simulated via a nonlinear electronic circuit that demonstrated the feasibility of the purposed chaotic system for different engineering applications such as secure communications, cryptosystems, image encryption, and image processing.